Sarva Darshan Sangraha

Author(s): Umashankar Sharma
Publisher: Chaukhamba Vidyabhavan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/091020/1

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||shrii.|| vidyAbhavana saMskRta granthamAlA 113 zrImanmAdhavAcAryakRtaH sarvadarzanasaMgrahaH sapariziSTa 'prakAza'-hindIbhASyopetaH bhASyakAraDaoN0 umAzaGkarazarmA 'RSi' AcArya, ema0 e0, DI0 liT0 ( paTanA) roDara, saMskRta-vibhAga, paTanA vizvavidyAlaya (paTanA) caurakhambA vidyAbhavana vArANa mI 221001

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* kAzIsthAmmAyapIThAdhIzvara jagadguruzrIzaMkarAcArya zrI 108 svAmI mahezvarAnanda sarasvatI ( kavitArkikacakravartI paM0 mahAdevazAstrI jI ) ke AzIrvacana sarvadarzanasaMgraha kA prastuta hindI-rUpAntara maiMne dhyAnapUrvaka prAyaH AdyopAnta dekhA hai | Aja jaba ki hindI rASTrabhASA ke pada para samAsIna hai, taba yaha bAta Avazyaka hai aura sAmayika hai ki hindI kA sAhitya bhI samRddha kiyA jAya / isakI samRddhi ke lie katipaya vidvAn maulika kRtiyA~ prastuta kara rahe haiM aura katipaya uccatara bhASAoM meM vAgbaddha, pariSkRta evam ucca sAhitya kA rUpAntara prastuta kara rahe haiM / prastuta grantha dUsare DhaMga kA sAmayika prayAsa hai / maulika kRtiyoM meM kRtikAra apanI pratibhA aura medhA kA mukta ullAsa pradarzita karatA hai, para rUpAntarAtmaka kRtiyoM meM vidvAn lekhaka dUsare kI pratibhA aura medhA kA sAkSAtkAra karane kI kSamatA rakhakara hI apanA uttaradAyitva nibhA sakatA hai / niSkarSa yaha huA ki maulika kRtikAra kI mAMti vaha utanA mukta nahIM rahatA / prastuta rUpAntaraNa eka dArzanika kRti kA rUpAntaraNa hai, jisameM vidvAn rUpAntarakAra ne yaha zailI apanAyI hai ki pahale mUla-pATha kA taTastha DhaMga se rUpAntara prastuta kara diyA jAya aura usa saMdarbha meM yadi katipaya zabda atirikta rakhA jAnA Avazyaka hai, to use koSThakAntargata rakha diyA jAya / Aja hI kyA, sadA se yaha DhaMga samucita aura sarvottama samajhA jAtA hai / yahI ucita hai ki pahale mUla-pATha kA taTastha rUpAntara rakha diyA jAya jisase hindI ke mAdhyama se mUla ko samajhane vAlA buddhimAn pAThaka sIdhe mUla rUpa ko jAna le / isa stara para pallavana karane meM yaha bhaya rahatA hai ki kahIM rUpAntarakAra mUla kA anuvAda apanI dRSTi se anyathA na prastuta kara de-- A aura yadi aisA huA to vaha lekhaka aura pAThaka ke bIca ke mAdhyasthya kA

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( 4 ) uttaradAyitva ThIka se nibAha na sakegA / mujhe harSa hai ki rUpAntarakAra ne prathama stara para isa vaijJAnika athavA taTastha paddhati kA grahaNa karake isa uttaradAyitva kA pUrA nirvAha karanA cAhA hai / sarvadarzanasaMgraha eka dArzanika kRti hai, isalie rUpAntarakAra-jaise madhyasthajo mUla lekhaka aura pAThaka ke bIca hai- kA kArya kevala taTasthatApUrvaka rUpAntara prastuta kara denA mAtra hI paryApta nahIM hai / bhAratIya dArzanika apane vicAroM ko sahasrAbda se calI AtI huI vyavasthita evaM pAribhASika padAvaliyoM meM eka vizeSa zailI se prastuta karate haiM, ataH unake samasta vicAroM ko Adhunika pAThaka ke sAmane hindI bhASA meM rakhate samaya aneka prakAra kI sajagatA Avazyaka hai / pahalI to yaha ki bhASA hindI kI prakRti kI ho, dUsarI purAne AcAryoM kI bAtoM ko jahA~ taka ho sake Adhunika pAThaka ke anubhava meM utAra dene kA prayAsa ho, tIsarI usakI pAribhASikatA kA durga tor3akara, usameM prayukta saMdarbha-zabdoM kI vyAkhyA karate hue, zAstrIya saMketoM kA vistAra dekara bAta ko sulajhA huA rUpa diye jAne kA prayatna ho / lekhaka ne rUpAntaraNa meM yaha prayatna kiyA hai ki rUpAntara kI bhASA kI prakRti adhika se adhika hindI kI ho / zeSa AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie hI taTastha rUpAntara ke anantara 'vizeSa' - zIrSaka se zAstrIya graMthiyoM ko bhI spaSTa karane kA prayAsa huA hai| yahI nahIM, rUpAntara ke madhya meM bhI kahIM-kahIM lambe koSThakoM ke antargata Avazyaka spaSTIkaraNa huA hai| aise prayAsoM meM kahIM-kahIM rUpAntarakAra kI anavadhAnatA avazya dRSTigocara hotI hai / udAharaNArtha pRSTha saM0 10 para mUla kA rUpAntara prastuta karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai- "vyApti kA artha hai donoM prakAra kI ( zaMkita aura nizcita ) upAdhiyoM se rahita [ pakSa * aura liGga kA ] sambandha / " yahA~ vyApti ko koSThakAntargata pakSa aura liGga kA sambandha kahanA sarvathA vicAraNIya hai / svayaM hI rUpAntarakAra ne aneka sthaloM para vyApya evaM vyApaka ke sambandha ko hI paramparAnusAra zAstrIya DhaMga se vyApti batalAyA hai / * 'sAdhya' ke sthAna para 'pakSa' ho gayA hai /

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kArya bahuta hI vyApaka hai / vibhinna prakAra kI dArzanika dhArAyeM haiM / saboM kA adhikArapUrvaka rUpAntaraNa aura spaSTIkaraNa sAdhAraNa zrama kA kArya nahIM / aise bIhar3a kSetra meM saMcaraNa karatA huA bauddhika yAtrI kabhI bhaTaka jAya to yaha sahaja saMbhava hai / lekina isa prakAra kI bhI sthitiyAM kvAcitka hI haiN| ___ Adhunika DhaMga ke pAThakoM ko dhyAna meM adhika rakhA gayA hai jo sAmayika aura samucita bhI hai| isIlie saMskRta kI pAribhASika padAvaliyoM ke samAnAntara aMgrejI meM pracalita prayoga bhI rakha diye gaye haiN| unakI prAmANikatA ke lie rUpAntarakAra svayam uttaradAyI hai / Adhunika pAThakoM kI ruci aura Adhunika zailI para bhI dhyAna hone ke kAraNa bIca-bIca meM kisI-kisI darzana kI saMkSipta aitihAsika rUparekhA bhI prastuta kara dI gaI hai / parantu aise prasaMgoM meM bhI kahIM-kahIM anavadhAnatA hai| udAharaNArtha pR0 saM0 275 para zaivAgamoM ke bIca ahirbudhnya-saMhitA ko liyA gayA hai-yaha kahAM taka ThIka hai ? ahirbudhnya-saMhitA pAJcarAtrAgama ke antargata hai| antima bAta jo pustaka kI upAdeyatA ke saMbandha meM kahI jAne kI hai, vaha yaha ki graMtha ke anta meM dArzanika pustakoM kI eka bRhat sUcI saMlagna kI gaI hai / Adhunika zodha-chAtroM kI dRSTi se aisI sUciyoM kA bar3A mahatva hotA hai ! sUcI eka sAmAnya rUpa meM prastuta kara dI gaI ho, aisI bAta nahIM hai| usameM pustaka aura usake racayitA kA nAma to hai hI, mahattvapUrNa aura ullekhanIya bAta yaha hai ki usameM jo pustaka jisa darzana kI hai, usa darzana kA bhI sAmane ullekha hai / isase bhI adhika mahatvapUrNa bAta hai ki Aja kA zodha-chAtra mUla granthakAra kA prAmANika kAla-jJAna cAhatA hai / rUpAntarakAra ne pratyeka kRti ke sAmane usa kRti kA racanA-kAla bhI diyA hai / bhAratIya manISiyoM kI antarmukhI pravRtti tathA apanA paricaya dene kI ora se nirantara taTasthatA dikhAne kA bhAva unake itivRtta ke jJAna meM sadA bAdhaka rahA hai| Adhunika gaveSakoM ne naye sire se isa pakSa para prakAza DAlA hai| una saboM meM sabhI granthakAroM ko lekara sarvatra mataikya nahIM hai| rUpAntarakAra ne yadi yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhakara kisI prAmANika itihAsakAra kI sahAyatA kAla-nirdhAraNa meM lI hai to tadartha ve prazaMsA ke pAtra haiN|

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(4) isa kRti meM mere samakSa rUpAntarakAra kA apanA koI nijI vicAra yA ki usake viSaya meM bhI maiM maulika sthApanA kisI ke pakSa-vipakSa meM nahIM hai apanI sammati prastuta karU~ / ataH rUpAntaraNa ke usakA mUlyAMkana kiyA jA sakatA hai, utanA kiyA gayA hai / nizcaya hI isa mahAn aura sAmayika prayAsa ke lie zrI umAzaMkara zarmA 'RSi' mere sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiM / -mahezvarAnanda sarasvatI dharmasaMgha, kAzI, jye0 zu0 4, 2021 (13-6-1964) / } viSaya meM jitane pakSoM se saMkSepa meM Upara upasthApita

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pUrvapIThikA [ sarvadarzanasaMgraha kA mahattva-darzana kI utpatti-bhAratIya darzana aura pAzcAtya darzana-tattvasAkSAtkAra ke sAdhana-pramANa-saMkhyA para vicAra-dArzanikoM ke bheda-auta aura tAkika-prameya-Izvara para darzanoM kI mAnyatA-jIva kA nirUpaNa-saMsAra kI vyAkhyAya-vibhinna darzanoM meM tatvavicAra-nAstika-darzana-rAmAnuja aura madhva-anumAna ke avayava-advaitavedAnta-mokSa kA vicAra-mAdhavAcArya kA mmyupsNhaar|] mAdhavAcArya kA sarvadarzanasaMgraha bahuta dinoM se vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA AyA hai| yadyapi isake anekAneka saMskaraNa prakAzita ho cuke haiM kintu apanI rASTrabhASA hindI meM koI uttama anuvAda tathA vyAkhyA na dekhakara prastuta saMskaraNa kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ke dvArA likhe gaye Adhunika grantha yadyapi darzana ke adhyayana ke lie pracura sAmagrI prastuta karate haiM, kintu prAcIna bhAratIya paramparA kA nirvAha karate hue mAdhavAcArya ke dvArA likhe gaye isa grantha kA avamUlyana kisI bhI mUlya para nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / jaisI pANDityapUrNa zailI meM mAdhavAcArya ne apane kAla meM prasiddha darzanoM kA saMkalana karane kA prayAsa kiyA aura unakI sarvAGgapUrNa vivecanA karane meM kucha uThA nahIM rakhA, usa taraha kA saMgraha anyatra milanA duSkara hai / darzanoM kI vivecanA meM uddharaNoM kI SuSkalatA lekhaka ke advitIya pANDitya kI vijaya-patAkA paMkti-paMkti meM prasArita kara rahI hai| cAhe gambhIra vivecana ho, pUrvapakSa aura siddhAnta meM bhISaNa saMgrAma chir3A huA ho athavA kisI darzana ke padArthoM kI gaNanA hI karanI ho, mAdhavAcArya kI zailI ekarUpatA kA advitIya dRSTAnta upasthita karatI hai| ___ yaha prAyaH dekhane meM AtA hai ki kisI viziSTa sampradAya kA lekhaka dUsare sampradAyoM kI vivecanA karate samaya apane vicAroM kA AropaNa karane lagatA hai yA kama se kama usa vivecya sampradAya kI AlocanA bhI karatA jAtA hai / kisI bhI lekhaka se niSpakSa yA vastuniSTha (Objective) hone kI AzA karanA sarAsara bhUla hai parantu mAdhavAcArya mAno isa niyama ke sabase bar3e apavAda haiM / kisI bhI sampradAya kI vivecanA meM, cAhe vaha cArvAka hI kyoM na ho, AcArya kI niSpakSatA malAghanIya hai| pratyeka darzana ke siddhAntoM aura padArthoM kI vyAkhyA

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( 26 ) adhika se adhika spaSTa rUpa meM nirvikAra bhAva se unhoMne kI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratIya darzanoM ke adhyayana meM unake sarvadarzanasaMgraha kA mahattva itanA adhika aMkita huA hai| aba hama kucha dera ke lie apane vivecya viSaya se haTakara darzana-zAstra ke viSaya meM sAmAnya rUpa se kucha vicAra kareM usI pariprekSya meM prastuta grantha kA mUlyAMkana kreN| ___ darzana-zabda kA vyutpatti-janya artha hai dekhanA, vicAranA, zraddhA krnaa| Adi-kAla se hI mAnava ne apane jIvana meM darzana ko pramukha sthAna diyA thaa| vastutaH jIvana ke prati manuSya kA dRSTikoNa hI darzana hai jo vyakti-vyakti ke lie bhinna-bhinna huA karatA hai| manuSya meM apane Asa-pAsa ke padArthoM ko samajhane ke lie jijJAsA kI lahareM sadA daur3A karatI haiN| yahI nahIM, usake sAtha ina vastuoM kA kyA sambandha hai, usa sambandha kA nirUpaNa kauna karatA hai, usake jJAna ke kyA tAdhana haiM, ityAdi kitanI aisI zaMkAyeM haiM jinase manuSya ko cintanakI preraNA milatI rahatI hai / sAmAnya rUpa se darzana ke AvirbhAva kA yahI itihAsa hai| isa viSaya meM bhI bhAratavarSa kI apanI vizeSatA hai| aisA kahA jAtA hai ki bhAratIya darzana duHkha kI AdhAra-zilA para pratiSThita hai| prAyaH sabhI darzana duHkha-nivRtti ke lie hI upAyoM ke anveSaNa meM lage hue haiN| yaha eka nizcita tathya hai ki prANI saMsAra meM trividhAtmaka duHkhoM se grasta hai| usakI svAbhAvika pravRtti hotI hai ki sukha kI prApti kre| yaha to eka dUsarI vizeSatA hai ki eka hI upAya se duHkha kA nivAraNa tathA sukha kA AsAdana bhI ho jAya lekina vaha sukha hai kyA cIja ? kyA rupaye pA lenA, parIkSA meM prathama honA, yA naukarI pA lenA hI sukha hai ? uttara hogA ki ye sabhI sukha na kevala kSaNika hai apitu ye atizaya se bhare hue haiM arthAt ina saboM meM eka se bar3hakara eka sukha hai / inakI koI sImA nahIM / eka sukhada vastu milane para dUsarI kI kAmanA hotI hai / yahI nahIM, kabhI-kabhI to sukha kI eka nizcita paribhASA denA bhI asambhava ho jAtA haiM / jo vastu rAma ke lie sukhada hai, mohana ke lie nhiiN| darzanoM kA lakSya hai ki kisI bhI upAya se sarvocca sukha kI prApti kA upAya batalAyeM jo sAtha hI sAtha isa jagat ke duHkhoM kA Atyantika nivAraNa meM samartha ho / sAMsArika duHkhoM ko bandhana aura unakI nivRtti ko dArzanika bhASA meM mokSa ke nAma se pukArate haiN| yahI bandhana aura mokSa bhAratIya darzanoM kA mukhya prazna rahA hai| yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki unake svarUpa para vibhinna mata hai athavA duHkha-nivRtti ke upAyoM ke vizleSaNa meM mata-bheda hai / koI darzanika kaha sakatA hai ki mahezvara

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( 27 ) kI sevA se mokSa milatA hai to dUsarA kaha sakatA hai ki AtmasvarUpa ke sAkSAtkAra se mokSa milatA hai| koI dArzanika jIte-jI mokSa prApta hone kI bAta karatA hai to koI mRtyu ke bAda hI mokSa kI sattA nirdhArita karatA hai| isa taraha darzanoM meM bheda hotA hai / Atyantika duHkha-nAza aura Atyantika sukha donoM kA sammilita nAma mokSa ( mukti, nirvANa, mahodaya ) hai| mokSa pAne ke liye zrutiyA~ to upAya batalAtI hI haiM tArkika dRSTi se bhI kaI darzanoM meM isa para vicAra kiyA gayA hai / jaise bauddha-darzana cAra Arya-satyoM ke jJAna ko hI mokSa-sAdhana samajhatA hai to nyAya-darzana apane darzana meM kahe gaye padArthoM ke sAkSAtkAra ko hI mokSa kA sAdhana mAnatA hai / dUsarI ora zaMkarAcArya AtmA ke jJAna ko mokSa kA sAdhana svIkAra karate haiM / yaha dekhane meM AtA hai ki mokSa ke vicAra ko lekara pratyeka darzana meM kucha-na-kucha vicAra kiyA gayA hai| yahAM taka ki cArvAka ne bhI kahA hai ki deha kA naSTa ho jAnA mokSa hai / kucha loga mokSa ke prazna para bahuta dUra taka vicAra karate hue punarjanma kA siddhAnta bhI mAnate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki isa saMsAra meM AvAgamana kA krama jaba taka calatA rahegA taba taka to prANI bandhana meM hI par3A hai| mokSa hone para na to use janma lenA par3atA hai aura na usakI mRtyu hotI hai| pAzcAtya darzana meM mokSa ke prazna para loga mauna haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratIya darzana se ve eka nayI dizA kA nirdeza pAte haiN| yadyapi pAzcAttya darzana meM bhI bhautikavAda ke tuccha dharAtala se bahuta Upara uThakara hIgela ( Hegel ) ke pUrNa pratyayavAda meM praveza karane kI ceSTA huI hai kintu bhAratIya darzanoM ke tAratamya tathA gambhIratA kA leza bhI una darzanoM meM nahIM hai / kAraNa yaha hai ki bhArata meM darzana ko jIvana se pRthak kabhI nahIM samajhA gayA, cAhe cArvAka ho athavA zaMkara-saba ke saba jIvana ke dharAtala para hI apane darzanoM kI pratiSThA karate haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratIya darzana pAzcAttya darzanoM kI bhA~ti na kevala tattvoM kI mImAMsA karatA hai, apitu AcArazAstra, pramANazAstra, kriyAzAstra, mokSazAstra Adi sabhI viSayoM ko apane meM sameTa kara calatA hai| kahanA na hogA ki pAzcAttya darzana ukta pakSoM meM saboM para samAna rUpa se vicAra nahIM karatA / tattvoM kI mImAMsA ( Metaphysics ) meM vaha itanA saMnaddha hai ki anya praznoM para vicAra karane kA use avakAza hI nahIM hai / jina vAkyoM aura zabdoM para hamAre yahA~ ke vaiyAkaraNoM, naiyAyikoM aura mImAMsakoM ne bahuta prAcIna kAla meM hI vistRta vicAra kiyA thA una para pAzcAttya jagat

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( 28 ) meM abhI-abhI anusaMdhAna hue haiM tathA ve bhI kisI nizcita tathya para nahIM pahu~ca sake haiN| isakA niSkarSa yaha nikalA ki bhAratIya darzana eka sarvAMgINa aura paripUrNazAstra hai| isameM aba kucha bhI parivartana, parivardhana, saMzodhana ko AvazyakatA nahIM hai, usakA saMkalana hama bhale kara sakeM, pAzcAttya darzanoM se usakI tulanA bhale hI kI jAya athavA usameM vidyamAna kisI mahattvapUrNa prazna ko lekara anusaMdhAna bhale hI kiyA jAya, parantu aura kisI dUsare kArya kI AvazyakatA usameM nahIM hai| dUsarI ora pAzcAttya darzana abhI bhI apUrNa hai-jIvanaH jagata yA Izvara kI vyAkhyA meM pUrNataH saphala nahIM hai / ___to, mokSa kA prazna bhI aisA hI prazna hai jisake viSaya meM bhAratIya darzana hI paripUrNa samAdhAna de sakatA hai / darzanoM ke tAratamya se cArvAka ke dvArA pratipAdita mokSa kI vicAradhArA se Arambha karake hama bar3ha jAte haiM aura zaMkarAcArya ke advaita-vedAnta meM jijJAsA kI pUrNataH zAnti pAte haiN| mAdhavAcArya kI yahI mAnyatA hai / apane-apane sampradAya ke anusAra dUsare loga madhyavartI darzanoM meM pratipAdita mokSa kA bhI Azraya lete haiN| vibhinna darzanoM meM anya viSayoM para bhale hI matabheda ho kintu isa prazna para saba ekamata haiM ki mUla tattva ke sAkSAtkAra se hI mokSa kI upalabdhi ho sakatI hai| kintu yaha sAkSAtkAra ho kaise ? isake liye pramANoM ke rUpa meM sAdhana diye gaye haiN| yaha prazna sArvajanika hai ki hama kisI vastu kA jJAma kaise prApta karate haiM ? zuddha jJAna ke kauna-kauna se sAdhana haiM ? pratyeka darzana meM isa para vicAra kiyA gayA hai aura apanI ruci ke anurUpa dArzanikoM ne pramANoM kI saMkhyA nirdhArita kI hai / cArvAka kevala pratyakSa ko hI pramANa mAnatA hai / usake anusAra koI bhI jJAna indriya kI apekSA rakhatA hai| indriyoM se utpanna jJAna hI yathArtha anubhava hai / cArvAka-darzana meM yaha vicAra kiyA gayA hai ki anumAna ke liye vyapti-jJAna kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai aura vyApti kI sthApanA kisI bhI sAdhana se nahIM ho sakatI hai / yaha hama kaha sakate haiM ki dhUma aura agni kA sambandha hama apanI A~khoM ke sAmane vartamAna kAla meM bhale hI jAna leM kintu isake liye koI pramANa nahIM hai ki vartamAna kAla meM hI hamArI A~khoM se dUra kisI sthAna meM bhI dhUma aura agni kA sambandha hogaa| atIta kAla aura anAgata kAla ke viSaya meM to kahanA hI kaThina hai| spaSTataH cArvAka kI yaha vicAradhArA DeviDa hyama ke saMzayavAda ( Scepticism ) se bahuta kucha milatI-julatI hai| dUsarI ora, bauddhoM aura jainoM ke anusAra pratakSa aura anumAna do pramANa haiM inakA kahanA hai ki vyApti kA jJAna prApta karanA koI kaThina nahIM /

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( 26 ) bauddha loga to vyApti kI sthApanA ke liye kArya-kAraNa-sambandha tathA tAdAtmyasambandha ko upAya ke rUpa meM upasthita karate haiM kintu jaina loga anvaya aura vyatireka kI vidhi se hI saMtuSTa haiN| hA~ itanA ve donoM mAnate haiM ki vyabhicAra kI zaMkA na rhe| zabda aura upamAna Adi pramANoM ko anumAna ke antargata hI rakhA jAtA hai / vaizeSika loga bhI isI vidhi se kevala do pramANa hI mAnate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki zabda-pramANa sabhI sthAnoM para pramANa hI nahIM hotaa| mAdhva-sampradAya bAle do hI pramANa mAnate haiM kintu anumAna nahIM, pratyakSa aura zabda ko| zabda ke dvArA pratipAdita artha kA bodhaka hone para hI anumAna pramANa mAnA jA sakatA hai| rAmAnuja-sampradAya vAle spaSTa rUpa se anumAna ko pRthak ginakara tIna pramANoM ko bAta karate haiM / ina tIna pramANoM ko mAnane kI prathA sAMkhya-yoga meM bhI hai| pramANoM ke vizeSajJa ke rUpa meM mAnya naiyAyikoM ne pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna aura zabda ina cAroM ko pramANa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| mAhezvarasampradAya vAle bhI ghumA-phirAkara inhIM pramANoM ko svIkAra karate haiN| mImAMsakoM ke anusAra arthApatti aura anupalabdhi ko bhI pramANa mAnA gayA hai / yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki prabhAkara-mata ke mImAMsaka abhAva nahIM mAnate / arthApatti kA artha hai ki jaba kisI dUsare prakAra se vastusthiti kI asiddhi ho to kisI eka sthiti kA ApAdAna kareM, jaise dina meM bhojana na karane para bhI devadatta moTA hue cale jA rahe haiM, to arthApatti se hama jAna sakate haiM ki ve rAta meM hI DaTakara bhojana karate hoMge kyoMki kisI dUsare prakAra se unakI moTAI sambhava nahIM hai| anupalabdhi kA artha hai kisI vastu kA abhAva jaannaa| sabhA meM pahu~cate hI hameM mAlUma ho gayA ki vahA~ hamArA mitra nahIM hai / yaha bAta anupalabdhi-pramANa se hI mAlUma huI hai| zaMkarAcArya bhI uparyukta chaha pramANoM ko hI mAnyatA dete haiN| paurANikoM kA bhI eka sampradAya hai jo sambhAvanA aura aitihya ko bhI pramANa mAnatA hai / navA~ pramANa ceSTA hai jise tAntrika aura sAhityika loga mAnate haiN| yadyapi ina pramANoM meM pratyakSa ko ziromaNi kahA gayA hai kintu kaI aise viSaya haiM jinakI siddhi ke liye hameM anumAna aura zabda para avalambita honA par3atA hai jaise brahma kI siddhi ke liye zruti ko hI zaMkarAcArya ne pramANa-ziromaNi mAnA hai| isa prakAra pramANoM kI vivecanA karane ke pazcAt inake AdhAra para dArzanikoM ko hama do koTiyoM meM rakha sakate haiM tArkika, aura zrauta / zrota dArzanika ve haiM jo mUlatattva ke anveSaNa meM zruti ko hI mukhya sAdhana mAnate haiM / 1 abhyaMkara-upodghAta pR0 42 /

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( 30 ) unheM hama vedavAdI bhI kaha sakate haiM / inameM zaMkarAcArya, jaimini, pANini Adi Ate haiN| tArkika dArzanika se hamArA abhiprAya yaha hai ki mUlatattva ke anusaMdhAna meM ye loga ekamAtra tarka kA sahArA lete haiM / tarka aura kucha nahIM, anumAna kA hI dUsarA nAma hai / ye loga zruti meM pratipAdita viSayoM ko bhI tarka-nikaSa para kasane para hI pramANa mAnate haiN| tAkikoM ke bhI do bheda haiM-eka to ve dArzanika jo apane ko spaSTataH tArkika kahate haiM aura dUsare ve jo apane ko zrIta kahane para bhI bhItara-bhItara tarka kA hI sahArA lete haiM / bAdarAyaNa ke brahmasUtra kI vyAkhyA karane vAle rAmAnuja aura mAdhva sampradAya vAle dArzanika kahate haiM ki hama loga upaniSadoM ko pramANa mAnate haiM kintu zruti-vAkyoM kA jo artha unhoMne pUrvAgraha ke kAraNa kiyA hai usase to yaha spaSTa mAlUma hotA hai ki ye pracchanna tArkika haiN| udAharaNa ke lie spaSTa rUpa se jIva aura brahma kI ekatA kA nirdeza karane vAle 'tattvamasi' isa vAkya kA una donoM ne kaise nirvAha kiyA hai yaha dekhane hI yogya hai / rAmAnuja kI dazA to aura bhI dayanIya hai / ' ve apane zrIbhASya meM zaMkarAcArya kI khillI ur3Ate haiM ki zaMkara zrautamata ke bahAne se chipakara bauddha dharma kA pracAra kara rahe haiM / aura rAmAnuja ? veda-mata kA pracAra karate hue kyA chipe hue tArkika ve nahIM haiM ? sAMkhya-yoga, nyAya-vaizeSika Adi bhI tArkika hI haiM kyoMki inhoMne bhI apanI pratiSThA anumAna ke bala para hI kI hai| yahA~ smaraNIya hai ki zrauta aura tArkika dArzanikoM meM bheda kA kAraNa yaha hai ki zrauta pakSa meM vedoM ko svataHpramANa mAnA gayA hai jaba ki tArkika pakSa meM unheM parataHpramANa mAnate haiN| svataHpramANa kA artha hai ki vedoM kI prAmANikatA apane Apa meM siddha ( Selfevident ) haiM, kisI dUsare pramANa ko use siddha nahIM karanA pdd'taa| tadanusAra vedoM ko aupauruSeya mAnate haiN| vedoM kI zakti akuNThita yA apratihata hai| dUsarI ora, jo loga vedoM ko parataHpramANa mAnate haiM unakA yaha kahanA hai ki veda pauruSeya haiM, anitya haiM, unakI siddhi ke lie hameM dUsare sAdhanoM para nirbhara karatA par3atA hai| isa dazA meM vedoM ko puruSa arthAt Izvara kI racanA mAnate haiN| pauruSeya aura apauruSeya kA vicAra mImAMsA-darzana meM acchI taraha huA hai / anta meM vedoM ko apauruSeya hI mAnA gayA hai / inakA kathana hai ki veda Izvara se kevala prakAzita hue haiM / jaise manuSya anAyAsa hI niHzvAsa chor3atA hai, use na to buddhi kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai yA na kisI parizrama kii| usI prakAra veda bhI Izvara se prAdurbhUta hue haiN| apauruSeya mAnane para hI 1 dekhiye, pR0 247 /

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( 31 ) zrauta dArzanikoM ne zruti kI prAmANikatA sabase Upara svIkAra kI hai / yahA~ yaha smaraNIya hai ki sattAoM ke bheda se zruti aura pratyakSa ina donoM pramANoM meM koI virodha nahIM hai| jahA~ taka vyavahAra-jagat kA sambandha hai, hameM pratyakSa ko prazraya denA hI pdd'egaa| laukika dRSTi se dvaita bhI satya hI hai| kintu pAramArthika dRSTikoNa se vicAra karane para zrutiyoM ko pradhAnatA denI pdd'egii| usa dazA meM advaitavAda hI satya siddha hotA hai / pramANoM ke isa vivecana meM hama do bAteM spaSTa rUpa se dekhate haiM--eka to pramANoM kI saMkhyA aura dUsarI pramANoM kI prAmANikatA yA puurvaaprtaa| yaha sarvamAnya hai ki prameya padArthoM kA vicAra karane se pUrva pramANoM kA saMgraha kara lenA Avazyaka hai| pramANa se jisakI siddhi kI jAtI hai use prameya kahate haiM / isameM mukhya rUpa se tIna padArtha milate haiM / jIva jagat aura Izvara / koI dArzanika to ina tInoM kI padArthatA mAnate haiM kucha kevala do kI aura kucha kevala eka kii| vastusthiti cAhe jo bhI ho ina tInoM kI vyAkhyA una saboM ko karanI par3atI hai-cAhe ve tInoM ko eka hI meM kyoM na sameTa leM / to inakA kramazaH nirIkSaNa kareM (1) Izvara-Izvara ke viSaya meM cArvAka kA to kahanA hai ki isakI sattA alaukika nahIM / pRthvI kA rAjA hI paramezvara hai| yadi cArvAkoM se pUchA jAya ki Izvara ke na mAnane para laukika aura alaukika karmoM kA phala kauna degA? to ye batalAyeMge ki laukika karma to rAjA ke adhIna haiM hI--vahI to nigraha aura anugraha karane meM samartha hai| yAcakoM kI dAna dekara aura coroM ko daNDa dekara vaha samI karmoM kA phala yathAvidhi detA hI hai| aba rahI bAta alaukika karmoM kii| ye alaukika karma vAstava meM dhUtoM ke upakhyAna haiM jo janasAmAnya ko Thagane ke liye vaidika vaMcakoM ke bakavAda haiM / bauddha aura jaina apane-apane dharma pravartakoM ko hI Izvara mAnate haiN| vastutaH ye loga bhI Izvara kI sattA mAnate hI nhiiN| sAMkhya meM bhI Izvara nahIM mAnA jAtA / mImAMsaka loga bhI Izvara nahIM mAnate kintu manuSya ke karmoM kA zubhaazubha phala dene ke liye adRSTa nAma kI eka zakti svIkAra karate haiM / vaiyAkaraNa logoM se pUchane para sambhavataH ve yaha kaheMge ki zabda kI parA avasthA jise sphoTa bhI kahate haiM, vahI Izvara hai / rAmAnuja Izvara para kucha vizeSaNoM kA AropaNa karate haiN| unake anusAra Izvara jIvoM kA niyAmaka antaryAmI aura unase pRthak padArtha hai / jIva aura jar3a usake zarIra haiM jIvoM ko vaha unake karmoM ke anusAra kala detA hai / madhvAcArya ke anusAra bhI Izvara inhIM vizeSaNoM se yukta

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hai kinta yaha anya padArthoM se sarvathA bhinna hai| vaha saMsAra kA upAdAna-kAraNa nahIM, kevala nimitta-kAraNa hai| mahezvara-sampradAya, naiyAyika aura vaizeSikadarzanoM kI bhI yahI mAnyatA hai| lekina isa darzana-samUha meM do mata ho jAte haiN| pAzupata aura pratyabhijJA darzanoM meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki Izvara karma kA phala dene ke samaya jIvoM ke dvArA kiye karmoM kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA kyoMki aisA mAnane para Izvara kI svataMtratA nahIM raha skegii| dUsare mahezvara vaizeSika aura mAdhvamata vAle kahate haiM ki Izvara karmoM kI apekSA rakhate hue hI saMsAra kA nirmANa karatA hai| ___ yoga-darzana meM yadyapi Izvara jIva se bhinna hai kintu vaha na to saMsAra kA nimitta-kAraNa hai aura na upAdAna hii| vaha sarvathA nirlepa aura nirgaNa hai|| zaMkarAcArya ke anusAra bhI Izvara vaisA hI hai kintu vaha pAramArthika hai| yaha smaraNIya hai ki jagat aura Izvara kI sattAoM meM antara hai| ataH donoM meM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva honA asambhava hai| mAyA ke AdhAra para Izvara saMsAra kA upAdAna-kAraNa banatA hai kintu vivarta rUpa se / / Izvara ke viSaya meM diye gaye bahuta se pramANa haiM / kintu sabhI anumAna aura zruti para AdhArita haiM / yadi zrauta-darzana ho to Izvara zruti-siddha hai aura yadi tArkika darzana ho to Izvara kI siddhi anumAna se karate haiN| phira bhI zruti kI pradhAnatA antataH svIkAra karanI hI par3atI hai| (2) jIva-Izvara ke samAna hI jIva ko lekara bhI dArzanikoM meM bar3A vivAda hai| sarvaprathama cArvAkoM kI ora dRSTipAta karane para hama dekhate haiM ki ve zarIra ko hI AtmA kahate haiM yadi usameM caitanya ho| kartA aura bhoktA bhI vahI hai| cAra mahAbhUtoM ( Gross elements ) ke milane se vizeSa kriyA dvArA caitanya utpanna hotA hai| usameM caitanyAMza ke dvArA jJAna hotA hai dehAMza to jar3a ke rUpa meM hI hai / yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki kucha cArvAka indriyoM ko hI AtmA mAnate haiM / kucha prANa ko aura kucha mana ko bhI AtmA mAnate haiM cArvAkoM kA mata vibhinna darzanoM meM pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM upasthita kiyA gayA hai, svatantra rUpa se to kahIM unake vicAra milate hI nhiiN| bauddhoM ke anusAra jIvAtmA vijJAna ke rUpa meM hai| cUMki vijJAna kSaNa-kSaNa badalane vAle pravAha ke samakakSa hai isaliye AtmA bhI kSaNa-kSaNa badalane ke kAraNa anitya hai| pUrva kSaNa meM utpanna vijJAna apane uttara-kSaNa meM saMskAra ke rUpa meM calA AtA hai isaliye smRti Adi kI siddhi kI jAtI hai / zUnyavAdI bauddha to AtmA ke mUla rUpa ko zUnya hI mAnate haiM kintu vyavahAra kI dazA meM AtmA kI

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( 33 ) pratIti bhI unheM mAnanI par3atI hai| jainoM ke anusAra jIvAtmA deha se bhinna hI hai kintu deha ke parimANa meM hI rahatI hai| deha ke bar3hane aura ghaTane se jIvAtmA bhI bar3hatI ghaTatI rahatI hai| unake anusAra jIvAtmA nitya to hai kintu usameM vikAra hote rahate haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM vaha AtmA kUTastha ( eka samAna rUpa meM ) nitya nahIM hai / Astika darzanoM meM naiyAyikoM aura vaizeSikoM kA yaha kahanA hai ki jIvAtmA ke guNa buddhi, sukha, duHkha Adi jaba anitya haiM to jIvAtmA bhI vikArI hai kyoMki dharmI meM Ane aura jAne vAle dharma dharmI ko vikArazIla banA dete haiM / kahane kA abhiprAya hai ki jIvAtmA kUTastha nitya nahIM hai aura AtmA kA svarUpa jar3a ke samAna ho jAtA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki mukti kI dazA meM jJAna kA nAza ho jAne se AtmAyeM pASANavat ho jAtI hai / prabhAkara-mImAMsakoM ke mata se yaha siddhAnta bahuta kucha milatA-julatA hai / mImAMsakoM kA dUsarA sampradAya bhATTa-sampradAya mAnatA hai ki AtmA aMza ke bheda se jJAna aura jar3a donoM ke rUpa meM hai / zaiva, sAMkhya aura yoga ke sampradAyoM meM tathA vedAntiyoM ke mata se AtmA kevala jAna ke svarUpa meM hai / yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki advaita vedAntI, sAMkhya aura yoga vAle AtmA ko nirguNa mAnate haiM jaba ki dvaita vedAntI, viziSTAdvaita vedAntI, naiyAyika aura vaizeSika AtmA ko saguNa mAnate haiM / jahA~ taka jIvAtmA ke parimANa ( Magnitude ) kA sambandha hai, bauddha loga kahate haiM ki AtmA vijJAnoM kA pravAha hai ataH usakA koI parimANa nahIM ho sakatA / vAstava meM AtmA kA Azraya koI hai hI nahIM jisase AtmA usake anurUpa koI parimANa dhAraNa kara le| rAmAnuja, madhva aura vallabha sampradAya vAle kahate haiM ki jIva kA parimANa aNu ke samAna (Atomic) hai / naiyAyika vaizeSika, sAMkhya, pAtaJjala tathA advaita vedAnta vAle jIvAtmA ko vibhu (Allpervasive) kahate haiM / cArvAka, zUnyavAdI aura jaina loga AtmA ko aNu aura vibhu ke bIca meM rakhate haiM arthAt jIvAtmA madhyama parimANa kI hai / jIva karttA yA bhoktA hai, isa viSaya para bhI mata bheda hai / naiyAyika aura vaizeSika to jIvAtmA kA kartRvya satya mAnate haiM kintu rAmAnuja aura madhvasampradAya vAle usake satya hone para bhI use naimittika mAnate haiM svAbhAvika nahIM / advaita vedAntI kahate haiM ki jIvAtmA kucha upAdhiyoM ke kAraNa hI karttA banatI hai / sAMkhya yoga meM prakRti ko karttA mAnA gayA hai / isaliye prakRti ke 1. de0 paMcadazI ( 688 ) /

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( 34 ) sambandha se jIvAtmA meM bhI kartA hone kI pratIti ho jAtI hai| jisa rUpa meM jIvAtmA kartA hai usI rUpa meM bhoktA bhI hai| (3) saMsAra-saMsAra arthAt jar3a-varga kI sattA ke viSaya meM kisI kA matabheda nahIM ho sakatA, bhale hI vaha sattA bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNoM se mAnI jAya / cArvAkoM kA kahanA hai ki jar3a padArtha hI saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa hai| pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyu ke paramANu hI saMsAra kA nirmANa karate haiN| bauddha loga yadyapi cArvAka kI taraha hI AkAza-tattva nahIM mAnate kintu ve cArvAka ke dvArA sammata paramANuoM meM avayava mAnate haiM aura una avayavoM kA pravAha saMsAra kA nirmANa karatA hai / jaina loga eka prakAra ke paramANuoM ko hI saMsAra ke mUla kAraNa ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| AkAza bhI inheM mAnya hai| nyAyavaizeSika darzanoM meM sUrya kI kiraNoM meM ur3ane vAle dhUla-kaNoM ke avayavoM ko paramANa kahate haiN| do paramANu ke saMyoga se eka dvayaNuka banatA hai| tIna dvayaNukoM ke milane se eka vyaNuka banatA hai| yahI sUrya kI kiraNoM meM dhUla ke rUpa meM dikhalAI par3atA hai| isI krama se saMsAra kA nirmANa hotA hai| ye paramANu nitya haiM / dUsarI ora mImAMsaka aura vaiyAkaraNa paramANuoM ko bhI anitya mAnate hue kevala zabda kI nityatA svIkAra karate haiN| yaha zabda hI saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa hai / sAMkhya-yoga ke mata se yaha zabda bhI kArya hai, nitya nahIM, kyoMki zabda kA kAraNa ahaMkAra hai / ahaMkAra kA kAraNa mahat aura mahat kA kAraNa triguNAtmaka prakRti hai| rAmAnuja-sampradAya vAle ise hI mAnyatA dete haiN| advaita-vedAntiyoM ke anusAra yaha prakRti bhI mUla kAraNa nahIM ho sktii| yaha brahma kA vivarta hai jisase prakRti sadvastu ke rUpa meM pratIta hotI hai| AtmA hI saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa hai| ye sAre dRzyamAna padArtha usI ke vivarta haiN| __ aba hama yaha vicAra kareM ki yaha sRSTi-mUla kAraNa se kisa rUpa meM sambaddha hai| isa para nyAya-vaizeSikoM kA kahanA hai ki kAraNa tIna prakAra ke haiM-sayavAyI asamavAyI aura nimitta / ye tInoM milakara apane se bhinna kArya ko utpanna karate haiM / arthAt kAraNoM se bhinna rUpa meM kArya kI utpatti hotI hai| ise hI ArambhavAda bhI kahate haiN| sabhI loga isa mata ko nahIM mAtate / bauddhoM kA kahanA hai ki samavAyI arthAt upAdAna kAraNa ( jaise miTTI yA sUta ) apane se bhinna kArya utpanna nahIM karate haiM / tadanusAra samavAyI kAraNa kA saMghAta (Combination) hone se hI kArya hotA hai| ise kevala sautrAntika aura vaibhASika bauddha hI mAnate haiN| cUMki saMghAta bhI kSaNa-kSaNa meM badala rahA hai ataH kAraNa

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( 35 ) ke naSTa hote hI kArya utpanna ho jAtA hai| zUnyavAdI to kaheMge ki kArya kA kAraNa kabhI sadrUpa hotA hI nahIM, asat hote hue bhI kSaNa-kSaNa meM pratIta hotA rahatA hai| isa mata ko loga asalyAtivAda kahate haiN| vijJAnavAdiyoM ke anusAra vijJAnarUpI AtmA kSaNa-kSaNa meM naye-naye bAhya padArthoM ke rUpa meM pratIta hotI hai / upAdAna-kAraNa jaba vAstava meM kArya ke rUpa meM badala jAya to use pariNAmavAda kahate haiM jise sAMkhya yoga aura rAmAnuja-vedAnta meM mAnA gayA hai / jaba kAraNa kI pariNati kArya ke rUpa meM sacamuca nahIM ho, kevala vaisI pratIti ho to use vivartavAda kahate haiM jo zaMkarAcArya kI mAnyatA hai|' __ zaMkarAcArya ke vivartavAda kA eka rUpa dRSTi-sRSTivAda ke rUpa meM dekhane meM AtA hai| isakA artha hai ki jisa samaya hamane dekhA usI samaya usakI sRSTi ho gaI / vastusthiti yaha hai ki dekhane ke samaya draSTA kI avidyA ke kAraNa ukta vastu usa rUpa meM sRSTa ( Created ) dikhalAI par3atI hai / pahale se usakI sattA nahIM rahatI / rAma ne sIpI meM rajata dekhA to usa samaya usa sthAna para rajata rAma kI avidyA se hI utpanna huA hai, usake pUrva yA pazcAt rajata kI pratIti nahIM hotii| sAMsArika prapaMca bhI vyakti kI avidyA ke kAraNa tAtkAlika aura tadrUpa hI sRSTa hotA hai| jIvoM ko nAnAtmaka mAnane para prapaMca kA bheda bhI hogaa| vAstava meM 'jIva honA' hI avidyA kA kAraNa hotA hai, vaha vastutaH to hai nhiiN| abhinavagupta ke sampradAya ( pratyabhijJA ) meM bhI yahI bAta kahI gayI hai parantu ve loga pratibimbavAda nAma kA siddhAnta mAnate haiM / yaha ThIka hai ki jagata brahma ke kAraNa hai kintu na to brahma ne saMsAra kA Arambha hI kiyA hai, na to vaha brahma kA pariNAma hai aura na hI vivarta / jaise darpaNa meM bahirbhUta padArthoM kA pratibimba dikhalAI par3atA hai vaise hI brahma meM antarbhUta jagat kA pratibimba dikhalAI par3atA hai / bimba ke sthAna para svIkRta mAyA brahma meM apanA sambandha dikhAkara bimba ke abhAva meM bhI pratibimba utpanna karatI hai / ataH na to bimba ko alaga mAnakara dvaita-pakSa meM jAnA par3atA aura na 'bimba pRthak nahIM hai' kaha kara mUlaccheda hI karane kI AvazyakatA hai / tattva-vicAra-sabhI dArzanikoM ne, cAhe ve kahIM ke hoM, kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM saMsAra ke mUla padArthoM ( Ultimate Reality ) para vicAra kiyA hai / inheM hI bhAratIya darzana meM padArtha yA 'tattva' ke nAma pukArate haiN| cArvAka logoM kA kahanA hai ki pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyu, ye cAra tattva haiM / bauddha loga bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke tattva mAnate haiN| zUnyavAdI kevala zUnya ko, yogAcAra vAle kevala vijJAnaskandha ko tathA anya bauddha pAMca Antarika

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( 36 ) skandhoM ko aura cAra bAhya paramANuoM ko tattva mAnate haiM / bhagavAn buddha ke vicAra se duHkha, duHkhasamudaya, duHkhanirodha aura nirodhamArga ye cAra Arya satya arthAt tattva haiM / jainoM ke vicAra se do tattva haiM-- jIva aura ajIva / inhIM kA vistAra pA~ca tattvoM ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai jIba, AkAza, dharma, adharma aura pudgala / usI prakAra sAta tattvoM kA varNana bhI kucha loga karate haiMjIva, ajIva, Asrava, saMvara, nirjara, bandha aura mokSa / ye nAstika dArzanikoM ke vicAra haiM / rAmAnuja-sampradAya ke anusAra sabhI padArtha pramANa aura prameya ke rUpa se baTe hue haiM / pratyakSa anumAna aura zabda pramANa haiM aura dRvya guNa tathA sAmAnya prameya haiM / dravyoM ke bhI chaH bheda haiM - Izvara, jIva, nityavibhUti, jJAna, prakRti aura kAla / guNoM ke dasa bheda haiM-sattva, rajas, tamas, zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa, gandha, saMyoga aura zakti / sAmAnya dravya-guNa donoM ke rUpa meM hotA hai / Izvara pA~ca prakAra kA hai-- para, vyUha, vibhava, antaryAmI aura arcAvatAra / vaikuNTha meM nivAsa karane vAle tathA mukta jIvoM ke dvArA prApya nArAyaNa hI para Izvara hai / vyUha cAra taraha kA hotA hai-vAsudeva, saMkarSaNa, pradyumna aura aniruddha / yadyapi bhagavAn eka hI hai parantu prayojanavaza unake cAra rUpa ho gaye haiM / unameM jJAna, bala, aizvarya, vIrya, zakti aura teja, ina chaH guNoM se yukta vAsudeva haiM / saMkarSaNa - vyUha meM jJAna aura bala kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| tathA vIrya kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai / aniruddha meM zakti aura rahatI hai / bhagavAn ke avatAroM ko hai jo jIvoM ke hRdaya meM rahatA hai| kA niyantraNa bhI yahI karatA hai / deva mandira meM pratiSThita Izvara avatAra pradyumna meM aizvarya teja kI pradhAnatA antaryAmI Izvara vaha sakate haiM tathA jIvoM hai / isa prakAra Izvara- dravya kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA / vibhava kahate haiM / yogI loga ise pA jIva Izvara ke adhIna hote haiM, pratyeka zarIra meM bhinna haiM tathA nitya haiM / ye tIna taraha ke haiM baddha, mukta aura nitya / saMsArI jIva baddha haiM, nArAyaNa kI upAsanA se vaikuNTha meM pahu~ce hue jIva mukta haiM aura saMsAra ko kabhI na chUne vAle ananta garur3a Adi jIva nitya haiM / nitya-vibhUti se vaikuNTha - loka samajhA jAtA hai| jJAna kA artha hai apane Apa meM prakAzita hone vAlA jise caitanya aura buddhi bhI kahate haiM / prakRti triguNAtmaka tathA caubIsa tattvoM se banI huI hai / ye caubIsa tattva haiM - prakRti, mahat, ahaMkAra, mana, pA~ca jJAnendriyA~ pA~ca karmendriyA~ pA~ca tanmAtra aura pA~ca mahAbhUta / kAla jar3a padArtha hai aura vibhu hai / ina saboM kA spaSTa vivecana yatIndramata- dIpikA meM huA hai /

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( 37 ) mAdhva-sampradAya ke anusAra tattvoM kI saMkhyA dasa hai - dravya, guNa karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa, viziSTa, aMzI, zakti, sAdRzya aura abhAva / dravyoM kI saMkhyA bIsa hai - paramAtmA, lakSmI, jIva, avyAkRta, AkAza, prakRti, tIna guNa, mahattattva, aMhakAratattva, buddhi, mana, indriya, tanmAtra, mahAbhUta, brahmANDa, avidyA, varNa, andhakAra, vAsanA, kAla aura pratibimba / guNoM kI saMkhyA aneka hai / rUpa, rasa Adi caubIsa guNoM ke alAve Aloka, dama, kRpA, bala, bhaya, lajjA, gambhIratA, sundaratA, dhIratA, vIratA, sUratA, udAratA Adi bhI guNa meM hI cale Ate haiM / karma ke tIna bheda haiM - vihita, niSiddha aura udAsIna ! nitya aura anitya ke bheda se sAmAnya bhI do taraha ke haiM / bheda na hone para bhI bheda ke vyavahAra kA nirvAha karane vAle ananta vizeSa haiM / mAdhva loga samavAya nahIM mAnate / vizeSaNa ke sambandha se vizeSya meM hone vAlA AkAra hI viziSTa nAma kA padArtha hai / aMzI kA matalaba hai - hAtha, Dega ityAdi ke dvArA nApA jAne bAlA padArtha / zaktiyA~ cAra haiM, acintya - zakti, Adheya - zakti, sahaja-zakti aura pada-zakti / sAdRzya to loka meM prasiddha hI hai kintu yaha donoM padArthoM meM sthita nahIM rahatA / dUsare ke AdhAra para eka vastu meM hI sthita rahatA hai / vaizeSikoM ke sAmana hI yahA~ cAra prakAra ke abhAva mAne jAte haiM prAgabhAva, pradhvaMsAbhAva, anyonyAbhAva aura atyantAbhAva / avidyA pA~ca khaNDoM kI hotI haiM-- moha, mahAmoha, tAmisra, andha- tAmisra aura tama / varNoM kI saMkhyA ikAvana (51 ) mAnI gayI hai isa prakAra dvaita-mata meM tattvoM kA vivecana bahuta adhika vizleSaNa ke sAtha huA hai. aba mahezvara-sampradAya ke anusAra tattvoM para vicAra kreN| pAzupata - darzana anusAra pA~ca tattva haiM--kArya, kAraNa, yoga, vidhi aura duHkhAnta / kArya kA artha hai asvatantra padArtha jisake tIna bheda haiM- vidyA, kalA aura pazu / jIva ke guNoM ko vidyA kahate haiM, acetana padArtha ko kalA kahate haiM aura pazu to jIva hI hai / kAraNa ke do bheda haiM- svatantra aura paratantra / pA~ca indriyA~, pA~ca karmendriyA~ aura tIsa antaHkaraNa milakara paratantra kAraNa banAte haiM / svatantra kAraNa paramezvara hai / AtmA aura Izvara ke sambandha ko yoga kahate haiM, dharmakArya kI siddhi karane vAlI vidhi hai aura mokSa duHkhAnta / ke zaiva darzana meM pati, pazu aura pAza, ye tIna padArtha kahe gaye haiN| pati kA artha hai ziva, pazu jIva hai aura pAza ke cAra bheda haiM mala, karma, mAyA aura rodha-zakti / ina saboM kA vicAra prastuta grantha meM kiyA hai / pratyabhijJA - darzana meM jIva aura paramAtmA donoM ko ekAkAra kahA gayA hai / kintu jar3a padArtha AtmA se bhinna bhI hai aura abhinna bhI / aura bAteM to pazupata-darzana se milatIjulatI hI haiM / rasezvara darzana bhI tattva-vicAra meM koI nayI cIja nahIM detA /

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( 38 ) nyAya-vaizeSika darzanoM ke tattva itane prasiddha haiM jitane kisI darzana meM nahIM / vastataH unakA darzana hI tattva-vicAra-zAstra hai| vaizeSikoM ke yahA~ sAta padArtha svIkAra kiye gaye haiM jinameM dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa, samavAya, ye chaha bhAvAtmaka ( Positive ) haiM aura abhAva nAma kA saptama padArtha bhI svIkRta hai / naiyAyikoM ne pramANa-prameya Adi solaha padArthoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / yahA~ para yaha dhyeya hai ki naiyAyikoM ne anumAna ke lie pAMca avayavoM kI AvazyakatA mAnI hai / ve haiM-pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana / ye avayava prAyaH sabhI dArzanikoM ko svIkRta haiN| phira bhI kucha dArzanikoM ne apane-apane dRSTikoNoM se inakA cayana kiyA hai| bauddha loga udAharaNa aura upanaya se hI saMtuSTa hai / mImAMsaka loga tIna avayavoM ko mAnate haiM--pratijJA, hetu aura udAharaNa / advaita-vedAntI kevala tIna avayavoM ko lete haiM cAhe prathama tIna yA antima tIna / rAmAnuja aura madhya-sampradAya kA koI niyama nahIM hai| kabhI pAMcoM se, kabhI kevala tIna se aura kabhI udAharaNa aura upanaya, ina do avayavoM se hI kAma lete haiM / tAtparya yaha huA ki udAharaNa to koI bhI chor3atA hI nhiiN| mImAMsA-zAstra meM cU~ki vAkyArtha-vicAra kI pradhAnatA hai isaliye tattva kA vicAra hameM dikhalAI nahIM par3atA kintu samavAya Adi kucha padArthoM kA unake dvArA khaNDana kiyA jAnA dekhakara hamArA anumAna hai ki vaizeSikoM kI taraha kucha padArthoM ko ve avazya mAnate haiM / vaiyAkaraNa logoM ko zabdArtha ke vicAra se avakAza hI kahA~ hai ki tattva para vicAra kareM ? kintu vAstava meM unhoMne vicAra kiyA hai / tattva-vicAra kI dRSTi se ve pratyabhijJA, mImAMsA, vaizeSika aura advaitavedAnta ke binduoM se bane hue varga ke bIca avasthita haiN| dravya, guNa, karma ( kriyA ) aura sAmAnya (jAti) ina cAra padArthoM ko mAnate hue ve zabda-brahma / ko hI ekamAtra tattva svIkAra karate haiM / sAMkhya-darzana ke cAra prakAra ke tattva haiM-prakRtyAtmaka, vikRtyAtmaka, ubhayAtmaka aura anubhayAtmaka / inakA vicAra isa grantha meM vistRta rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai / yoga-zAstra isase pRthak nahIM jaataa| advaita-vedAnta meM padArtha ekAtmaka hai / vaha AtmA yA brahma-svarUpa hai / dvaita kI pratIti to anAdi avidyA ke kAraNa kalpita hai / to, dRk aura dRzya ke bheda se do padArtha he| dRkpadArtha ke tIna bheda haiM-Izvara, jIva aura sAkSI / ajJAna . upAdhi 1. yukta Izvara hai jisake brahmA, viSNu aura maheza ye tIna bheda haiN| antaHkaraNa aura usake saMskAra se yukta ajJAna vAlA padArtha jIva hai| Izvara yA jIva hI

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( 36 ) upAdhi se yukta hokara sAkSI kahalAtA hai jo kucha dikhAI par3a rahA hai vaha dRzya padArtha hai / usake tIna bheda haiM-avyAkRta, mUrta aura amuurt| avyAkRta kA artha hai- avidyA, avidyA ke sAtha cita kA sambandha, unameM cit kI pratIti aura jIvezvara kA bheda / 'amUrta' zabda se zabda, sparza Adi sUkSma bhUta aura andhakAra liye jAte haiM kyoMki ye avidyA se utpanna haiM / ye amUrta avasthA meM hI sAttvika aMza se jJAnendriyoM kI utpatti karate haiM aura rAjasa aMza se karmendriyoM kI utpatti karate haiM / saboM ke sAttvikAMza milakara mana kI aura rAjasAMza milakara prANa kI utpatti karate haiM / taba ina bhUtoM ( Elements ) kA Apasa meM mizraNa arthAt pacIkaraNa hotA hai jisase yaha bhautika saMsAra pratIta hotA hai / isa prakAra ina tattvoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai / mUla tattvoM ko jAnane se mokSa kI prApti hotI hai aura mUla tattvoMke vikRta rUpoM ko jAnakara unameM lipaTe rahane se prANI bandhana meM par3A rahatA hai / bandhana ke viSaya meM jAnanA cAhie ki saMsAra meM saboM ko sukha-duHkha aura moha kA anubhava hotA hai / yahI bandhana hai / sAMkhya aura yoga vAle kahate haiM ki yaha anubhava vastuniSTha hai jabaki vedAntI ise AtmaniSTha mAnate haiM kyoMki sukha Adi mana kI vRttiyA~ haiM jo pahale ke saMskAra ke kAraNa vibhinna padArthoM ke jJAna se jaise-jaise utpanna hotI haiM tathA naSTa hotI haiM / mokSa ke viSaya meM bhI dArzanikoM kA matabheda hI hai / cArvAka svatantratA yA deha - nAza ko hI mokSa kahate haiM / zUnyavAdI AtmA kA uccheda honA mokSa mAnate haiM / dUsare bauddhoM kA kathana hai ki nirmala jJAna kI utpatti hI mokSa hai / jaina- sampradAya vAle kahate haiM ki karma se utpanna deha meM jaba AvaraNa na ho to jIva kA nirantara Upara uThate jAnA hI mokSa hai / rAmAnuja sampradAya meM Izvara ke guNoM kI prApti aura unake svarUpa kA anubhava karanA mokSa hai / dvaita vedAnta meM duHkha se bhinna pUrNa sukha kI prApti hI mokSa hai / isa avasthA meM bhagavAn ke kevala tIna guNa nahIM milate, saMsAra kA karttA honA, lakSmI kA pati honA aura zrIvatsa kI prApti nahIM to mokSAvasthA meM jIva ko saba kucha mila jAtA hai / pAzupata - darzana meM paramezvara bana jAnA, zaiva darzana meM ziva ho jAnA tathA pratyabhijJA meM AtmA kI prApti ko mokSa mAnA gayA hai / rasezvara darzana kahatA hai ki rasa se sevana ke deha kA sthira ho jAnA, jIta kA mukta ho jAnA mukti hai / nyAya-vaizeSika mokSa ko prAyaH abhAvAtmaka zabdoM meM lete haiM / vaizeSika kahate haiM ki sAre vizeSa guNoM kA nAza ho jAnA mokSa hai jabaki naiyAyika Atyantika du. nivRtti ko mokSa mAnate haiM / yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki kucha naiyAyika na kevala duHkha - nivRtti ko, pratyuta sukha ko bhI mokSa meM hI lete haiM / mImAMsakoM ke

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( 40 ) yahA~ vividha vaidika karmoM ke dvArA svarga Adi kI prApti hI mokSa hai / vaiyAkaraNoM kI dhAraNA hai ki mUlacakra meM sthita parA nAmaka brahmarUpiNI vANI kA darzana kara lenA hI mokSa hai / sAMkhya darzana meM prakRti ke uparata ho jAne para puruSa kA apane rUpa meM sthita ho jAnA hI mokSa mAnA gayA hai| udhara apanA kAma pUrA karake sattvaM, rajas aura tamas, ye tInoM guNa bhI mUlaprakRti meM atyAntika rUpa se vilIna ho jAte haiM aura prakRti ko bhI mokSa milatA hai / yogadarzana mAnatA hai ki cit-zakti nirupAdhika rUpa se apane Apa meM sthita ho jAtI hai to mokSa hotA hai / anta meM advaita vedAnta meM zaMkarAcArya kA kahanA hai ki mUla ajJAna ke naSTa ho jAne para apane svarUpa kI prApti arthAt AtmasAkSAtkAra hI mokSa hai / isa prakAra darzanoM meM antima tattva ( puruSArya ) mokSa kA samyak nirupaNa kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ kevala dizA-nirdeza athavA pAThakoM kI ruci utpanna karane ke liye sArAMza diyA gayA hai / apanI aMgrejI - bhUmikA meM darzanoM ke tAratamya kA saMkSipta vivaraNa maiMne diyA hai / ataH yahA~ para punarukti se bacane ke lie kevala yahI pratipAdita karanA lakSya hai ki mAdhavAcArya kA ukta darzana-saMgraha likhane kA kyA lakSya hai ? yaha sarvamAnya satya hai ki mAdhavAcArya kA apanA darzana advaita vedAnta hI thA / isI kI sthApanA ke lie unhoMne anya darzanoM ko bhI yathArtha rUpa meM rakhakara unakI apekSA zAMkara - darzana ko pradhAnatA dI hai / yaha hama pratyeka darzana ke Arambha meM dekhate haiM ki vigata darzana kA khaNDana karake kisI darzana kI nIMva rakhate / isa taraha kramazaH darzanoM kI mAnyatA ve bar3hAte calate haiM / - dUsare darzana-granthoM meM sarvadarzana saMgraha kI taraha krama nahIM rakhA gayA hai / prAyaH loga nAstika darzanoM ke bAda kramazaH Astika darzanoM kA vicAra karate haiM / kAraNa yahIM hotA hai ki unheM kisI darzana se kucha lenA-denA nahIM hai para mAdhavAcArya ko to apane lakSya kI siddhi karanI thI ataH unhoMne eka vizeSa krama kA nirvAha kiyA hai / advaita vedAnta bhAratavarSa kA sabase adhika mAnya darzana hai / mAdhavAcArya isIlie ise saba darzanoM kA ziromaNi mAnate haiM aura usa para unhoMne bahuta adhika vicAra kiyA hai / isa para uThAI gaI sArI ApattiyoM kA pANDityapUrNa samAdhAna to kiyA hI hai, mUla padArthoM ke vivecana ko tilAMjali dekara bhI usake siddhAntoM kI sthApanA kI / ataH sarvadarzanasaMgraha ko na kevala darzanoM kA saMka na samajheM pracyuta eka prabandha grantha ( Thesis ) ke rUpameM le sakate haiM jisameM advaitamata kI pratiSThA kI gaI hai / yaha bahuta Avazyaka thA ki advaita kI sthApanA usa

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samaya meM vidyamAna sAre dArzanika sampradAyoM ke pUre pariprekSya meM kI jAya / ataH 'AmrAzcaH siktAH pitarazca prINitAH' ke anusAra eka hI sAtha do-do kAma ho gaye-darzanoM kA saMgraha bhI ho gayA aura unake bIca advaita-vedAnta kI kyA mahattA hai, yaha bhI jAna gaye / anta meM hama prastuta grantha ke lekhaka mAdhavAcArya' ke viSaya meM bhI vicAra kara leM / dakSiNa bhArata meM tuMgabhadrA nadI ke kinAre pampA-sarovara ke samIpa vijayanagara meM eka suprasiddha sAmrAjya thA jisameM prAyaH 1355 I0 ke AsapAsa meM mahArAja bukka samrAT hue the / ukta sAmrAjya kI sthApanA mahArAja harihara prathama ne mAdhavAcArya kI hI preraNA se kI thii| mAdhavAcArya ina donoM rAjAoM ke yahAM mukhya mantrI ke pada para suzobhita the / inakA parivAra bahuta prasiddha thA kyoMki vidyA ke kSetra meM vaha bahuta Age bar3hA-car3hA thA / vedoM ke prasiddha bhASyakartA sAyaNAcArya isI vaMza meM hue the| isa vaMza kA nAma hI sAyaNa-vaMza thaa| sAyaNa aura mAdhava kI racanAoM kI tulanA karane se hameM mAlUma hotA hai ki mAdhavAcArya sAyaNa ke bar3e bhAI the| inake pitA kA nAma mAyaNa aura mAtA kA nAma zrImatI thaa| ye baudhAyana-sUtra ke mAnane vAle yajurvedI brAhmaNa the| ye sUcanAyeM mAdhavAcArya ne parAzara-smRti kI apanI vyAkhyA meM prastuta kI hai / mAdhavAcArya ko eka dUsare mAdhava se bhI abhinna samajhane kI bhUla logoM ne kI hai / mAdhava nAma ke eka mantrI hone kI sUcanA 1347 I0 ke zikhAlekha meM milatI hai jinakI mRtyu 1361 I0 ke bAda huI thii| isa prakAra prAyaH 45 varSoM kI avadhi taka inhoMne mantrI kA kArya uttaradAyitvapUrvaka saMbhAlA thaa| ye advitIya yoddhA the kyoMki inake likhe lekhoM meM 'bhUvanaikavIraH' kA viruda milatA hai / pazcimI samudra taTa para sthita koMkaNa-pradeza meM turuSkoM / ) kA upadrava jora-zora se cala rahA thaa| unhoMne usakI rAjadhAnI gomantaka (Adhunika goA) ke dhArmika sthAnoM ko naSTa-bhraSTa karanA prArambha kara diyA thaa| mAdhava ne unase lohA liyA aura unheM parAsta karake usa sthAna para phira se dharma kI pratiSThA kii| mahArAja bukka mAdhava ke isa kArya se itanA prasanna hue ki unheM vanavAsI arthAt jayantIpura kA zAsaka banA diyaa| apane prazAsana se mAdhava ne prajA kA hRdaya jIta liyaa| goA ke zAsaka ke rUpa meM 1312 zaka saMvat ( 1390 I0 ) meM unhoMne kucara nAmaka gAMva agrahAra (jAgIra) meM brAhmaNoM 1. de0 baladeva upAdhyAya, AcArya sAyaNa aura mAdhava, pR0 133 tathA aage|

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( 42 ) ko de diyA / kintu ye vijetA mAdhava mAdhavAcArya se bhinna haiM / mAdhavAcArya aura mAdhava mantrI donoM ke vyaktitvoM meM bar3A antara bhI hai| donoM ke mAtApitA to bhinna the hI, unake gotra bhI pRthak the / yahI nahIM, unakI mRtyu ke samaya meM bhI antara hai / mAdhavAcArya ne bukka ke zAsana kI samApti ( 1379) ke kucha pUrva hI saMnyAsa grahaNa kara liyA thA aura zRMgerI maTha meM pratiSThita ho cuke the / udhara yaha dAna-patra 1390 kA hai ataH donoM meM koI tAratamya dikhalAI nahIM par3atA / phira bhI mAdhavAcArya mahArAja bukka ke yahA~ mukhya mantrI the tathA dUsare mAdhava mantrI se bhinna the / zRMgerI maTha meM mAdhavAcArya bAda meM vidyAraNya ke nAma se zaMkarAcArya bana gaye the / vidyAraNya ke viSaya meM ahobala paNDita ne apane telugu - vyAkaraNa meM likhA hai vedAnAM bhASyakartA vivRtamunivacA dhAtuvRttavidhAtA, prodyadvidyAnagaryo hariharanRpateH sArvabhaumatvadAyI / vANI nIlAhiveNI sarasijanilayA kiMkarIti prasiddhA, vidyAraNyo'gragaNyo'bhavadakhilaguruH zaMkaro vItazaGkaH // isase mAdhavAcArya ( vidyAraNya ) ke viSaya meM sUcanA prApta hotI hai ki ye hI mAdhavIyadhAtuvRtti ke bhI racayitA the / vidyAraNya ke rUpa meM bhI inhoMne bahuta se grantha likhe the jaise - paJcadazI, vaiyAsika -nyAyamAlA Adi / yaha kiMvadantI hai ki mAdhavAcArya ne hI bukka ke bar3e bhAI harihara prathama ko vijayanagara sAmrAjya kI sthApanA kA parAmarza diyA thA / usa samaya usa sthAna kA nAma vidyAnagara rakhA gayA thA / bAda meM dhIre-dhIre vaha vijayanagara ho gayA / yaha kisI ghaTanA se yA bhASAvijJAna se anuprANita huA hogA / harihara kI mRtyu ke pazcAt mAdhavAcArya bukka ke guru bane aura usa samaya ziSya ke Adeza se unhoMne bahuta se grantha likhe / saMnyAsa kI avasthA meM ye prAyaH 1379 I0 se 1385 I0 taka rahe / mRtyu ke samaya inakI avasthA prAyaH 90 kI thI ( 1385 ) / ataH mAdhavAcArya kA jIvana-kAla 1295 I0 se 1385 I0 taka mAnanA ThIka hai / mAdhavAcArya aura sAyaNAcArya ne apane guruoM kA ullekha bahuta zraddhA se kiyA hai / inake tIna guru the - vidyAtIrtha, bhAratItIrtha aura zrIkaNTha / bhAratItIrtha mAdhava ke dIkSAguru the jinakI mRtyu ke pazcAt ( 1380 I0 ) mAdhava ( vidyAraNya ) zaMkarAcArya ke pada para Aye / vidyAtIrtha aura zrIkaNTha inake vidyAguru the / sAyaNa ne vedabhASyoM ke AraMbha meM vidyAtIrtha kA nAma dete hue

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( 43 ) ullekha kiyA hai ki bukkarAya ne mAdhavAcArya ko veda-bhASya karane kA Adeza diyA to unhoMne yaha kAma apane choTe bhAI sAyaNa ko sauMpa diyaa|' paramparA se cale Ate hue mAdhavAcAryakRta sarvadarzanasaMgraha ko sAyaNa ke bar3e bhAI kI racanA mAnane meM kucha logoM ne vivAda khar3A kara diyA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki mAdhavAcArya ke kisI guru kA ullekha sarvadarzana meM nahIM milatA, maMgalAcaraNa meM lekhaka ne zAGgapANi ke putra kisI sarvajJaviSNu nAmaka guru kA ullekha kiyA hai / dUsare, lekhaka apane ko 'sAyaNadugdhAbdhikaustubha' kahatA hai jisase vaha sAyaNa kA putra pratIta hotA hai / sAyaNa ke tIna putroM meM kampaNa, mAyaNa aura ziGgaNa the / kucha logoM kA kahanA hai ki dvitIya putra mAyaNa hI mAdhava ke nAma se prasiddha the / ataH yaha grantha sAyaNa ke putra kI kRti hai| dhyAna se vicAra karane para yaha mata samIcIna pratIta nahIM hotA kyoMki sAyaNa ukta vaMza kA bhI nAma thA jisameM mAdhava hue the| vaMza ke nAma para unhoMne apane ko sAyaNamAdhava kahA hai tathA sAyaNa-vaMza rUpI kSIrasAgara meM utpanna kaustubha se apanI tulanA kI hai / aisA sAhasa mAdhavAcArya ke alAvA aura kisI meM saMbhava nahIM thaa| kisI eka vyakti se utpanna hone ke lie 'dugdhAbdhikaustubha' kA vizeSaNa lagAnA bhI ThIka nahIM haiM / aba rahI bAta guru kii| kisI vyakti ke kaI nAma hone meM koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai / kahate haiM ki puNyazlokamaMjarI meM vidyAtIrtha ke isa dUsare nAma sarvajJaviSNu kA ullekha bhI hai / ataH kisI bhI dazA meM yaha siddha hai ki vaiyAsikanyAyamAlA, vivaraNaprameya, jaiminIyanyAyamAlA tathA paMcadazI-jaise saphala granthoM ke lekhaka mAdhavAcArya hI inake racayitA haiN| mAdhavAcArya ke pANDitya ke viSaya meM to kucha kahanA hI nhiiN| pariziSTa-3 meM dI gaI sUcI hI isakA nirNaya karatI hai ki parokSa yA aparokSa meM kitane granthoM aura granthakAroM se unakA paricaya thaa| kevala yahI kaha denA unakI jijJAsu pravRtti kA bodhaka ho sakegA ki apane kAla meM hI utpanna vedAntadezika aura jayatIrtha Adi granthakAroM kA bhI unhoMne ullekha kiyA hai| bhAratIya darzana zAstra ke itihAsa meM sarvadarzanasaMgraha advitIya grantha hai kyoMki isameM darzanoM ke rahasyoM kA udghATana kiyA gayA hai| 1. yasya niHzvasitaM vedA yo vedebhyo'khilaM jagat / nirmame tamahaM vande vidyAtIrthamahezvaram / / yatkaTAkSeNa tadrUpaM dadhabukkamahIpatiH / AdizanmAdhavAcArya vedArthasya prakAzane // sa prAha nRpati rAjan sAyaNAryo mamAnujaH / sarva vettyeSa vedAnAM vyAkhyAtRtve niyujyatAm / /

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( 44 ) sarvadarzanasaMgraha kA uddhAra karane meM mahAmahopAdhyAya paM0 vAsudevazAstrI abhyaMkara kA nAma sabase Age kI paMkti meM rakhA jAtA hai / apanI saMskRta-TIkA se yukta saMskaraNa meM unhoMne jaise adhyavasAya kA pradarzana kiyA hai vaha anyatra darlabha hai| pANDityapUrNa upodghAta meM darzanoM kA manthana karake unhoMne navanItarUpa sAra-saMkalana kA bhI prayAsa kiyA hai| saca pUche to Age kI pIDhI ke lie unhoMne bahuta-sA kAma sarala kara diyA hai / ukta mahAmanISI ke grantha ko upajIvya mAnakara hI yaha saMskaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai ataH unake sammukha maiM natamastaka haiN| isake atirikta kavila aura gapha ke anuvAda evaM DaoN0 sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNan tathA DaoN0 dhIrendramohanadata kI pustakoM se jo aMgarejI zabdAvaliyAM lI gaI haiM isalie maiM unakA kRtajJa huuN| prastuta vyAkhyA mere cAra varSoM ke adhyavasAya kA pariNAma hai| isa avadhi meM vibhinna sthAnoM ke sahayogiyoM, zubhAbhilASiyoM evaM ziSyoM se isa kArya meM jo preraNA milatI rahI hai vahI merA sabase bar3A bala rahA hai| yadyapi ise sundara, sarala aura Adhunika banAne kI pUrI ceSTA kI gaI hai phira bhI doSa raha jAnA svAbhAvika hai / grantha ke viSaya tathA AkAra ke anurUpa vizada bhUmikA nahIM de sakA, pAThaka kSamA kreNge| isa para to pRthak rUpa se bhUmikA likhI jAnI cAhiye jo bhAratIya darzana-sAhitya ke adhyayana meM anivArya bhI mAnI jAya / prastuta bhUmikA to paramparA kA nirvAha mAtra hai| kAzI hindUvizvavidyAlaya ke saMskRta-vibhAga ke adhyakSa AdaraNIya DA. siddhezvara bhaTTAcArya jI ne isa kRti kA nirIkSaNa karake jo prAkkathana likhane kI kRpA kI hai, usase lie maiM ApakA hRdaya se AbhArI huuN| sarvatantrasvatantra pUjyapAda svAmI zrImahezvarAnanda sarasvatI (pUrvAzrama-kavitAkikacakravartI paM0 mahAdevazAstrI) jI ne jo prastuta grantha ko apane AzIrvacanoM se alaMkRta kiyA hai ise maiM apanA bhAgadheyotkarSa athavA ApakI ahetukI dayA hI mAnatA huuN| vArANasIstha bRhattara prakAzana saMsthAna caukhambA vidyAbhavana ke adhyakSabandhuoM ne itane bar3e grantha kA prakAzana-bhAra lekara mere saduddezya kI saphalatA meM jo tatpara sahayoga diyA hai usake lie maiM unheM hRdaya se dhanyavAda detA huuN| yadi yaha kRti pAThakoM ke tanika bhI kAma AI to maiM apanA parizrama saphala smjhNgaa| kAzI / 20-6-64 / -umAzaMkarazarmA 'RSi'

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viSaya-sUcI 14 1 Foreword:: Dr. S. Bhattacharya 1-2 2 AzIrvacana : svAmI mahezvarAnanda sarasvatI 3-6 Introduction 1-23 4 pUrvapIThikA 25-44 (1) cArvAka-darzana 3-22 1 cArvAka aura lokAyatika-nAmakaraNa 2 tattva-mImAMsA 3 sukha kI prApti -- duHkha aura sukha kA mizraNa 4 yajJoM aura vedoM kI nissAratA 5 Izvara-mokSa-AtmA 6 mata-saMgraha 7 anumAna-pramANa kA khaNDana 8 pratyakSa dvArA vyAptijJAna nahIM ho sakatA 6 anumAna aura zabda se vyAptijJAna nahIM ho sakatA 10 upamAnAdi se bhI vyApti sambhava nahIM 11 vyAptijJAna kA dUsarA upAya bhI nahIM hai 15 12 vyAptijJAna aura upAdhijJAna meM anyonyAzrayadoSa 13 laukika-vyavahAra aura vastue~ 14 cArvAka-mata-sAra (2) bauddha-darzana 23-89 1 cArvAka-mata kA khaNDana-vyApti kI sugamatA 2 anvaya-vyatireka se vyAptijJAna saMbhava nahIM . 3 tadutpatti se avinAbhAva kA jJAna- paMcakAraNI 4 tAdAtmya se avinAbhAva kA jJAna 5 anumAna kA khaNDana karane vAloM ko uttara 6 bauddhadarzana ke cAra bheda-bhAvanAcatuSTaya 31 7 kSaNikatva kI bhAvanA-arthakriyAkAritva 8 akSaNika padArtha kA 'krama' se arthakriyAkArI nahIM honA 6 sahakAriyoM kI sahAyatA pAkara bhI akSaNika arthakriyAkArI nahIM / ho sakatA 18 20 28

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10 atizaya kA dUsarA atizaya utpanna karane meM doSa 11 dUsarA atizaya utpanna karane meM anavasthA saM0 1 ka. anavasthA saM0 2 kha. anavasthA saM0 3 12 sthAyI bhAva se atizaya ke abhinna hone para Apatti 13 akSaNika padArtha kA 'akrama' se arthakriyAkArI nahIM honA ka. asAmarthya-sAdhaka prasaMga aura usakA viparyaya kha. sAmarthya-sAdhaka prasaMga aura tadviparyaya 14 niSkarSa-kSaNikavAda kI sthApanA 15 sAmAnya kA khaNDana 16 duHkha aura svalakSaNa kI bhAvanAyeM 17 zUnya kI bhAvanA-mAdhyamika-sampradAya 18 yogAcAra-mata-vijJAnavAda 16 bAhya padArtha kA khaNDana 20 buddhi kA svayaM prakAzita honA 21 sautrAntika-mata-bAhyArthAnumeyavAda 22 bAhyArtha kI sattA-niSkarSa 23 bAhyArtha pratyakSa nahIM, anumeya hai 24 Alaya-vijJAna aura pravRtti-vijJAna 25 vijJAnavAdiyoM ke mata para doSAropaNa 26 jJAna ke cAra kAraNa 27 citta aura usake vikAra-pAMca skandha 28 cAra Arya satya-duHkha, samudAya, nirodha, mArga ka. hetUpanibandhana samudAya kA svarUpa 26 sautrAntika-mata kA upasaMhAra 30 vaibhASika-mata-bAhyArthapratyakSatvAda, 31 nirvikalpaka pratyakSa hI ekamAtra pramANa hai 32 tattva kI abhinnatA-mArgoM meM bheda 33 dvAdaza AyatanoM kI pUjA 34 bauddha mata kA saMgraha (3) Arhata-darzana ( jaina-darzana) 1 kSaNika-bhAvanA kA khaNDana 2 kSaNika-pakSa meM bauddhoM kI yukti

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( 47 ) 63 102 117 124 3 janoM dvArA uparyukta mata kA khaMDana 4 kSaNikavAda ke khaMDana kI dUsarI vidhi 5 kSaNikatva-pakSa meM grAhma-grAhaka-bhAva na honA 6 jJAna kA sAkAra honA aura doSa 7 arhat-mata kI sugamatA, arhat kA svarUpa 8 arhata ke viSaya meM virodhiyoM kI zaMkA 104 9 arhat para mImAMsakoM kI zaMkA kA samAdhAna 107 10 naiyAyikoM kI zaMkA aura usakA uttara 110 11 sAvayavatva ke pAMca vikalpa aura unakA khaNDana 111 12 Izvara ke kartA banane para Apatti 115 13 sarvajJa kI siddhi 14 triratnoM kA varNana-samyaka darzana 117 15 samyak jJAna aura usake pAMca rUpa 116 16 samyak cAritra aura pAMca mahAvrata 121 17 pratyeka vrata kI pAMca-pAMca bhAvanAyeM 123 18 jaina tattva-mImAMsA--do tattva 19 pAMca tattva-dUsarA mata 126 20 kAla bhI eka dravya hai 133 21 sAta tattva-tIsarA mata 135 ka. bandha kA nirUpaNa 137 22 bandhana ke kAraNa ka. bandhana ke bheda 139 23 saMvara aura nirjarA nAmaka tattva 142 ka. nirjarA 143 24 mokSa kA vicAra 25 jaina nyAyazAstra-saptabhaMgInaya 146 26 janamata-saMgraha 153 (4) rAmAnuja-darzana ( viziSTAdvaita-vedAnta) 155-210 1 anekAntavAda kA khaNDana 155 2 saptabhaMgInaya kI nissAratA 158 3 jIva ke parimANa kA khaNDana 158 4 rAmAnuja-darzana ke tIna padArtha 161 5 advata-vedAnta kA isa viSaya meM pUrvapakSa 161 ka. rAmAnuja kA uttara-pakSa, advatiyoM kI avidyAkA pUrva pakSa 162 138 144

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( 48 ) 166 6 rAmAnuja dvArA isakA khaNDana 7 ajJAna ko bhAvarUpa mAnane meM anumAna aura usakA khaNDana 168 ka. uparyukta anumAna kA pratyanumAna 169 8 bhAvarUpa ajJAna mAnane meM zruti pramANa nahIM hai 171 9 ajJAna kI siddhi arthApatti se bhI nahIM-'tattvamasi' kA artha 173 10 'tattvamasi' meM lakSaNA-advaita-pakSa 174 11 rAmAnuja kA uttara-pakSa 175 12 sabhI zabda paramAtmA ke vAcaka haiM 177 13 nivizeSa brahma kI aprAmANikatA 181 14 prapaMca kI satyatA 182 15 nirguNavAda aura nAnAtvaniSedha kI siddhi 185 16 rAmAnuja-mata kI tattvamImAMsA 186 ka. cit, acita aura Izvara ke svabhAva 186 kha. jIva kA varNana 189 ga. acit kA nirUpaNa 191 17 Izvara kA nirUpaNa-unakI pAMca mUrtiyAM 161 18 upAsanA ke pA~ca prakAra aura mukti 194 19 brahmasUtra kI vyAkhyA-prathama sUtra 195 ka. karma ke sAtha brahma kA jJAna mokSa kA sAdhana hai 197 20 brahma-jijJAsA kA artha 200 21 bhakti kA nirUpaNa 22 dvitIya sUtra--brahma kA lakSaNa 206 . 23 tRtIya sUtra--brahma ke viSaya meM pramANa 24 caturtha sUtra---zAstroM kA samanvaya 206 (5) pUrNaprajJa-darzana (dvaita-vedAnta) 211-253 1 dvaitavAda kI rAmAnujamata se samatA aura viSamatA 211 2 dvaitavAda ke tattva-bheda kI siddhi 212 3 pratyakSa se bheda-siddhi-zaMkA 213 ka. pratyakSa se bheda-siddhi--samAdhAna 4 dharmabhedavAdI kA samarthana--bheda kI siddhi 220 5 anumAna-pramANa se bheda kI siddhi 223 6 Izvara kI sevA ke niyama 225 ka. nAmakaraNa aura bhajana 227 204 207 215

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7 zruti pramANa se bheda kI siddhi 8 mAyA kA artha -- dvaita kA pratipAdana 6 Izvara kI sarvotkRSTatA ke anya pramANa ( 46 ) 10 mokSa Izvara ke prasAda se hI milatA hai 11 'tattvamasi' kA artha ka. tattvamasi kA dUsarA artha kha. ukta nava dRSTAntoM se bheda - siddhi 12 eka ke jJAna se sabhI vastuoM kA jJAna - isakA artha 13 mithyA kA khaNDana 14 brahmasUtra ke prathama sUtra kA artha 15 brahma kA lakSaNa 16 brahma ke viSaya meM pramANa 17 zAstroM kA samanvaya 18 pUrNa prajJa - darzana kA upasaMhAra (6) nakulIza - pAzupata - darzana 1 vaiSNava- darzanoM meM doSa 2 pAzupata sUtra kI vyAkhyA - guru kA svarUpa ka. sUtra ke anya zabda -- pati Adi 3 duHkhAnta kA nirUpaNa 4 kArya kA nirUpaNa (7) zeva-darzana -ataH, 5 kAraNa aura yoga kA nirUpaNa 6 vidhi kA nirUpaNa 7 samAsAdi padArtha aura anya zAstroM se tulanA 8 nirapekSa Izvara kI kAraNatA Izvara ke jJAna se mokSa prApti 1 zaivAgama - siddhAnta ke tIna padArtha 2 'pati' kA nirUpaNa ka. Izvara ko karttA mAnane meM Apatti aura samAdhAna 3 Izvara kA zarIra-dhAraNa 4 ' pazu' padArtha kA nirUpaNa - anya matoM kA khaNDana jIva ke tIna bheda ka. vijJAnAkala jIva ke do bheda 227 228 231 232 233 234 237 238 242 246 248 248 250 251 254-273 254 256 256 260 262 264 265 268 266 272 274-297 274 277 278 281 285 287 288

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289 292 294 266 298-321 268 302 305 308 310 311 312 mimr kha. pralayAkala jIva ke do bheda ga. 'sakala' jIva ke bheda 6 'pAza' padArtha kA nirUpaNa 7 upasaMhAra (8) pratyabhijJA-darzana ( kAzmIrI zeva-darzana) 1 pratyabhijJA-darzana kA svarUpa 2 pratyabhijJA-darzana kA sAhitya 3 prathama sUtra kI vyAkhyA ka. 'api' aura 'upa' zabdoM ke artha 4 pratyabhijJA ke pradarzana kI AvazyakatA 5 jJAnazakti aura kriyAzakti 6 vastuoM kA prakAzana-AbhAsavAda 7 Izvara kI icchA se saMsArotpatti 8 upAdAna kAraNa aura padArthoM kI utpatti 9 vibhinna prazna-jIva aura saMsAra kA sambandha ka. prameya ko lekara baddha aura mukta meM bheda 1. pratyabhijJA kI AvazyakatA-arthakriyA meM bheda 11 upasaMhAra (9) rasezvara-darzana ( Ayurveda-darzana ) 1 rasa se jIvanmukti--pArada aura usakA svarUpa 2 jIvanmukti kI AvazyakatA 3 hara-gaurI kI sRSTi-pArada, abhraka 4 rasa kI sAmarthya se divya-deha kI prApti 5 do prakAra ke karma-yoga 6 pArada ke tIna svarUpa-mUchita, mRta aura baddha 7 rasa ke aSTAdaza saMskAra 8 dehavedha aura usakI AvazyakatA 6 jIvitAvasthA meM mukti-dehavedha ke viSaya meM zaMkA 10 jIvitAvasthA meM mukti-eka vAda 11 zarIra kI nityatA-isake pramANa 12 pArada-rasa ke sevana se jarAmaraNa se mukti 13 pArada-liMga kI mahimA 317 318 321 322-335 322 s 323 324 326 326 327 328 329 330 330 s 332 333 333

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334 336-384 sh sh sh sh bh lh 350 352 ( 51 ) 14 puruSArtha aura brahma-pada 15 rasa aura parabrahma meM samatA-rasastuti (10) aulakya-darzana ( vaizeSika-darzana) 1 duHkhAnta ke liye paramezvara kA sAkSAtkAra 2 vaizeSika-sUtra kI viSaya-vastu 3 zAstra kI pravRtti-uddeza, lakSaNa, parIkSA 4 padArthoM kI saMkhyA-chaha yA sAta 5 chaha padArthoM ke lakSaNa-dravyatva aura guNatva ka. karmatva, sAmAnya, vizeSa aura samavAya 6 dravya ke bheda aura unake lakSaNa 7 guNa ke bheda aura unake lakSaNa 8 karma Adi ke bheda 6 dvitva Adi kI utpatti kA vivecana ka. dvitva kI utpatti kA krama kha. dvitva kI nivRtti kA krama ga. apekSAbuddhi kA lakSaNa 10 pAkaja padArtha kI utpatti 11 vibhAgaja vibhAga kA vivecana ka. vibhAgaja vibhAga kA dUsarA bheda 12 andhakAra kA vivecana 13 andhakAra ke viSaya meM vaizeSika-mata 14 abhAva kA vivecana (11) akSapAda-darzana ( nyAya-darzana) 1 nyAyazAstra kI rUparekhA 2 pramANa kA vicAra 3 prameya-padArtha kA vicAra 4 saMzaya, prayojana aura dRSTAnta ka. siddhAnta aura avayava 5 tarka kA svarUpa aura bheda ka. nirNaya, vAda, jalpa, vitaNDA kha. hetvAbhAsa aura chala 6 jAti aura usake caubIsa bheda ka. nigrahasthAna aura usake bAIsa bheda sh lh sh m w m s lh sh sh 366 367 370 375 376 376 381 385-430 385 386 364 367 398 402 403 408 414

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( 52 ) 7 nyAyazAstra kA nAmakaraNa 8 apavarga ke sAdhana nyAya kA dvitIya sUtra 6 mokSa kA svarUpa - mAdhyamika mata ka. mokSa ke viSaya meM vijJAnavAdiyoM kA mata 10 jainoM ke mata se mokSa kA vicAra 11 cArvAka aura sAMkhya-mata meM mokSa ka. mImAMsA - mata se mukti- vicAra 12 naiyAyika mata se mukti- vicAra 13 Izvara kI sattA ke lie pramANa- - pUrvapakSa ka. naiyAyikoM kA uttara-- - Izvarasiddhi kha. karttA kA lakSaNa tathA Izvara kA kartRtva 14 Izvara ke dvArA saMsAra nirmANa - pUrvapakSa 15 Izvara ke dvArA saMsAra-nirmANa- siddhAnta (12) jaimini-darzana ( mImAMsA - darzana ) 1 mImAMsA-sUtra kI viSaya-vastu 2 prathama sUtra tathA adhikaraNa kA nirUpaNa 3 bhATTamata se adhikaraNa kA nirUpaNa ka. pUrvapakSa - zAstrArambha ThIka nahIM 4 siddhAntapakSa - zAstrArambha karanA sarvathA ucita hai ka. adhyayana-vidhi kA lakSya arthabodha hI hai kha. mImAMsA ke viSaya meM anya zaMkA aura uttara 5 siddhAntapakSa kA upasaMhAra aura saMgati kA nirUpaNa 6 prabhAkara ke mata se ukta adhikaraNa kA nirUpaNa ka. prabhAkara mata se pUrvapakSa kha. prabhAkara mata se siddhAntapakSa 7 vedoM ko pauruSeya mAnane vAle pUrvapakSa kA nirUpaNa ka. pauruSeyasiddhi kA dUsarA rUpa 8 veda apauruSeya haiM - siddhAnta - pakSa ka. pauruSeyatva kA dUsare prakAra se khaNDana 9 zabdAnityatva kA khaNDana 10 veda kI prAmANikatA - niSkarSa 11 prAmANyavAda kA nirUpaNa ka. svataH prAmANya kA artha-lambI AzaMkA 12 svataH prAmANya kI siddhi - zaMkA samAdhAna ka. jJapti-viSayaka svataH prAmANya kI siddhi 417 419 422 423 424 425 426 428 429 430 433 435 436 439-488 439 446 447 447 452 454 455 456 457 460 461 463 466 467 468 470 474 476 478 483 485

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( 53 ) 13 prAmANya kA upayoga pravRtti meM nahIM hotA - udayana ka. isakA khaNDana 14 mImAMsA - darzana kA upasaMhAra (13) pANini-darzana ( vyAkaraNa-darzana ) 1 prakRti - pratyaya kA vibhAjana 2 'atha zabdAnuzAsanam' kA artha ka. 'zabdAnuzAsana' para vicAra-vimarza 3 zabdAnuzAsana se prayojana kI siddhi 4 vyAkaraNazAstra kI vidhi - pratipadapATha nahIM 5 vyAkaraNa ke anya prayojana ka. vyAkaraNa se abhyudaya kI prApti 6 zabda hI brahma hai ka. pada-bheda kI saMkhyA 7 sphoTa -- naiyAyikoM kI zaMkA aura usakA samAdhAna ka. sphoTa para anya zaMkA - mImAMsaka 8 mImAMsakoM kI zaMkA kA uttara - sphoTa - siddhi ka. sphoTa para anya ApattiyA~ aura samAdhAna sattA hI zabdoM kA artha hai - pUrvapakSa aura siddhAnta - pakSa 10 dravya ko padArtha mAnanevAloM ko vicAra 11 jAti aura vyakti ko padArtha mAnane vAloM kA vicAra 12 pANini ke mata se padArtha -- jAti-vyakti donoM haiN| 13 advaita brahmatattva kI siddhi . 14 vyAkaraNa se mokSaprApti (14) sAMkhya darzana 1 sAMkhya darzana ke tattva 2 prakRti kA artha 3 prakRti aura vikRti se yukta tattva 4 kevala vikRti ke rUpa meM vartamAna tattva 5 prakRti - vikRti se rahita puruSa-tattva 6 sAMkhya- pramANa - mImAMsA 7 kArya-kAraNa-sambandha para vibhinna mata ka. kArya-kAraNa-bhAva ke matoM kA khaMDana 8 satkAryavAda kI siddhi kavivartavAda kA khaMDana 485 486 487 489-526 486 460 461 465 467 500 502 504 505 507 506 512 513 515 518 520 522 524 525 527-553 527 528 530 535 536 537 536 541 542 546

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( 54 ) 546 546 551 552 554-630 554 558 561 571 573 574 6 pradhAna yA prakRti kI siddhi 10 pradhAna kI nirapekSatA ka. paramezvara pravartaka nahIM haiM 11 prakRti-puruSa kA sambandha 12 prakRti kI nivRtti-pralaya (15) pAtaJjala-darzana ( yoga-darzana) 1 yogasUtra kI viSaya-vastu 2 mokSa ke viSaya meM zaMkA aura usakA samAdhAna 3 prathama sUtra kI vyAkhyA-'atha' zabda kA artha ka. 'atha' zabda maMgala kA dyotaka bhI nahIM 4 'atha' kA artha Arambha yA adhikAra 5 yoga ke cAra anubandha 6 yoga aura zAstra meM sambandha 7 yoga kA lakSaNa aura samAdhi ka. yoga kA artha samAdhi-Apatti kha. yoga kA vyAvahArika artha-cittavRttinirodha 8 citta aura viSayoM kA sambandha ka. pariNAma ke tIna bheda 6 yoga kA artha vRttinirodha lene para Apatti ka. samAdhAna 10 samAdhi kA nirUpaNa-isake bheda 11 pAMca prakAra ke kleza-avidyA para Apatti ka. Apatti kA samAdhAna 12 asmitA, rAga aura deSa 13 'anuzayI' zabda kI siddhi meM vyAkaraNa kA yoga 14 abhiniveza kA nirUpaNa 15 karma, vipAka aura Azaya 16 vRttinirodha ke upAya-abhyAsa aura vairAgya 17 samAdhi-prApti ke liye kriyA-yoga 18 maMtra aura unakA vivecana ka. maMtroM ke daza saMskAra 16 Izvara praNidhAna aura kriyAyoga kA upasaMhAra 20 kriyA hI yoga hai-zuddhA sAropA lakSaNA . ka. prayojanamUlaka lakSaNA 576 578 581 583 584 586 Vas us us us us 600 601 0 khn khn 0 606 607 611

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624 625 ( 55 ) 21 yoga ke ATha aMga-yama aura niyama 613 ka. Asana aura prANAyAma 22 vAyutattva kA nirUpaNa 616 23 pratyAhAra kA nirUpaNa 621 ka. dhAraNA aura dhyAna 623 24 yoga se prApta hone vAlI siddhiyA~ 624 ka. madhumatI-siddhi kha. anya siddhiyA~-madhupratIkA, vizokA, saMskArazeSA 25 kaivalya kI prApti-prakRti aura puruSa ko 628 ka. yogazAstra ke cAra pakSa 629 ( 16 ) zAMkara-darzana ( advaitavedAnta) 631-760 1 pariNAmavAda-khaNDana-prakRti kI siddhi anumAna se asaMbhava 631 ka. prakRti ke liye zruti-pramANa bhI nahIM hai kha. sAMkhya-darzana ke dRSTAnta kA khaNDana 2 vedAntasUtra kI viSaya-vastu 641 3 brahma kI jijJAsA-prathama adhikaraNa 645 4 AtmA kI jijJAsA-sandeha kI asaMbhAvanA ka. AtmA kI jijJAsA asaMbhava-prayojana kA abhAva 5 brahma-jijJAsA kA Arambha sambhava-uttarapakSa ___ ka. upakrama Adi liMgoM ke udAharaNa-AtmA kI siddhi 6 AtmA kA adhyAsa-vaizeSika-mata kI parIkSA ka. AtmA ke adhyAsa kI punaH siddhi-bheda kA khaNDana kha. jainamata meM svIkRta jIva para vicAra 7 vijJAnavAdI bauddhoM kA khaNDana-vijJAna AtmA 668 8 AtmA ke viSaya meM sandeha 671 9 brahma kI siddhi ke liye Agama pramANa 673 ka. siddha artha kA bodhaka hone se veda apramANa-pUrvapakSa 675 kha. siddha artha meM zabdoM kI vyutpatti-uttarapakSa 10 adhyAsa kA nirUpaNa-prapaMca kA vivartarUpa honA ka. adhyAsa ke bheda-do prakAra se 11 adhyAsa kA mImAMsakoM ke dvArA khaNDana-lambA pUrvapakSa ka. mithyAjJAna ke liye kAraNa-sAmagrI kA abhAva kha. asat artha kA jJAna nahIM hotA 689 or ur rror 656 658. 659 678 86 683 685 687

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( 56 ) ga. grahaNa aura smaraNa kA vizleSaNa gha. grahaNa aura smaraNa meM abheda yA sArUpya Ga. 'pItaH zaGkhaH' ke vyavahAra kA samarthana 12 'nedaM rajatam' kI siddhi-mImAMsaka mata ka. prabhAkara-mata se abhAva kA khaNDana 13 mithyAjJAna kI sattA hai-- zaMkara kA uttarapakSa ka. rajata kA sIpI para Aropa 14 Aropa ke viSaya meM zaMkA-samAdhAna ka. mImAMsakoM ke tarkoM kA uttara 15 mAdhyamika bauddhoM kA khaNDana - bhramavicAra ka. vijJAnavAdiyoM kA khaNDana -- bhramavicAra kha. naiyAyikoM kI anyathAkhyAti kA khaNDana 16 ' idaM rajatam' meM jJAna kI ekatA - zaGkA-samAdhAna 17 trividhasattA tathA anirvacanIya khyAti 18 mAyA aura avidyA kI samAnatA ka. avidyA kI sattA ke lie pramANa kha. ' ahamajJaH' kA pratyakSa anubhava aura naiyAyika-khaNDana 19 dUsarI vidhi se 'ahamajJa: ' ke dvArA avidyA kI siddhi 20 anumAna se avidyA kI siddhi 21 zabda- pramANa se avidyA kI siddhi 22 zAkta-sampradAya meM mAyA-zakti 23 saMsAra avidyAkalpita hai-- zaMkA-samAdhAna 24 prapaMca kI satyatA kA khaNDana - satya kI nivRtti nahIM 25 AtmajJAna se avidyA nAza--- rAjaputra kA dRSTAnta 26 prathama sUtra kA upasaMhAra aura anubandha ka. catussUtrI ke anya sUtra - svarUpa aura taTastha lakSaNa pariziSTa - 1 pramukha darzana-granthoM kI sUcI pariziSTa - 2 pramukha dArzanika aura unakI kRtiyA~ pariziSTa - 3 mUlagrantha meM nirdiSTa grantha aura granthakAra pariziSTa - 4 mUlagrantha ke uddharaNa pariziSTa - 5 zabdAnukramaNI 1:01 660 662 696 698 700 703 707 710 711 715 718 720 722 725 728 730 733 737 739 744 745 746 753 756 758 759 761 802 825 830 853

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// zrIH // sarvadarzanasaMgrahaH 'prakAza' vyAkhyopetaH *owronwor vande vANI varAbhISTAM svaguruM vanamAlinam / kurve vyAkhyAM prakAzAkhyAM sarvadarzanasaMgrahe // 1 // TIkAM yadyapi vaiduSIvimalitomabhyaGkaro nirmame naivaM sAyaNamAdhavasya saralA jAtA gabhIrA giraa| sarveSAmupakArameva suciraM dhyAtvA svabhASAmayIM vyutpattiprahitAmimAM vitanute vyAkhyA mago'yaM kaviH // 2 // nAdhItaM padazAstramapyavagataH kozo na samyaG mayA sAhityepi na sAdhanA kila kRtA tarke sadA dharSitaH / vedAntAdivicakSaNairguruvaraividyopalabdhi hRdA dhyAyaM dhyAyamahaM mudaM kila labhe jJAnaM dizatvIzvaraH // 3 // grantha kI nirvighna samApti ke lie bhAratIya-paramparA kA pAlana karate hae mAyaNa-mAdhava isake Arambha meM maMgalAcaraNa ke zloka likhate haiM nityajJAnAzrayaM vande niHzreyasanidhi zivam / yenaiva jAtaM mahyAdi tenaivedaM sakartRkam // 1 // jisameM nityajJAna sthira hokara rahatA hai, niHzreyasa ( carama sukha, mukti ) kA jo bhANDAra hai aise ziva ko maiM namaskAra karatA hU~; usase hI pRthvI Adi ( dravya ) utpanna hue haiM aura usa ( ziva ) ke kAraNa hI yaha ( sArA saMsAra ) kartRyukta ( kahA jAtA hai ) / [ isa Arambhika zloka ke dvArA hI mAdhavAcArya nirdeza karate haiM ki Izvara kartA hai aura saMsAra usakA kArya / nyAya-zAstra meM Izvara kI sattA siddha karane meM yaha bhI eka tarka hai| pRthvI Adi dravya tathA niHzreyasa aura nityajJAna kA vimarza bhI nyAya-vaizeSikoM ke anukUla hai / darzana-zAstra kI mukhya samasyAyeM haiM-Izvara, mokSa, malatattva / inakA nirdeza Adi meM huA hai| ] // 1 //

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahepAraM gataM sakaladarzanasAgarANA mAtmocitArthacaritAthitasarvalokam / zrIzAIpANitanayaM nikhilAgamajJaM sarvajJaviSNugurumanvahamAzraye'ham // 2 // sabhI darzana-rUpI samudroM ke pAra pahuMce hue, apane anukUla tattva ke upadeza se sabhI logoM ko kRtArtha karane vAle, sabhI AgamoM ( zAstroM) ko jAnane vAle, zrI zAGgapANi ke putra, sarvajJa-viSNu nAmaka guru kA maiM pratidina Azraya letA hU~ ( yA anusaraNa karatA hU~ ) / [ AtmocitArtha0 = kaoNvala ke anusAra isakA artha hai-'jisane AtmA zabda ke ucita artha ke dvArA samasta mAnavajAti ko santuSTa kiyA hai' ] // 2 // zrImatsAyaNadugdhAbdhikaustubhena mahaujasA / kriyate mAdhavAryeNa sarvadarzanasaMgrahaH // 3 // zrI-yukta sAyaNa-vaMzarUpI kSIra-sAgara meM kaustubha-maNi ke samAna tathA mahApratApI mAdhavAcArya ke dvArA ( sabhI darzanazAstroM kA saMkSepa ) yaha 'sarvadarzanasaMgraha' banAyA jA rahA hai // 3 // pUrveSAmatidustarANi sutarAmAloDya zAstrANyasau zrImatsAyaNamAdhavaH prabhurupanyAsyatsatAM priitye| dUrotsAritamatsareNa manasA zRNvantu tatsajjanA mAlyaM kasya vicitrapuSparacitaM prItyai na saMjAyate ? // 4 // pahale ke AcAryoM ke atyanta kaThina zAstroM kA acchI taraha manthana karake, sAyaNa ke vaMza meM utpanna, sAmarthyavAn mAdhava ne sajjanoM kI prasannatA ke lie ( una zAstroM ko ) isa jagaha jamA kiyA; use sajjana loga mana se matsaratA ( IrSyA ) dUra haTAkara muneM, kyoMki raMga-biraMge phUloM se banAI gaI mAlA kise prasanna nahIM karatI ? // 4 //

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cArvAka darzanam pratyakSameva kila yasya kRte pramANaM bhUtArthavAdamatha yo nitarAM niviSTaH / vedAdinindanaparaH sukhameva dhatte so'yaM bRhaspatimunirmama rakSako'stu ||-RssiH ( 1. cArvAka aura lokAyatika-nAmakaraNa ) atha kathaM paramezvarasya niHzreyasapradatvamabhidhIyate ? bRhaspatimatAnusAriNA nAstikaziromaNinA cArvAkeNa tasya dUrotsAritatvAt / durucchedaM hi cArvAkasya ceSTitam / prAyeNa sarvaprANinastAvat yAvajjIvaM sukhaM jIvennAsti mRtyorgocrH| bhasmIbhUtasya dehasya punarAgamanaM kutaH ? // iti lokagAthAm anurundhAnA nItikAmazAstrAnusAreNa arthakAmau eva puruSAthI manyamAnAH, pAralaukikamartham apahlavAnAH, cArvAkamatamanuvartamAnA evAnubhUyante / ata eva tasya cArvAkamatasya 'lokAyatam' ityanvartham aparaM nAmadheyam // maMgalAcaraNa ke pahale zloka meM paramezvara ko 'niHzreyasanidhi' ( mukti kA bhANDAra ) kahA gayA hai / Apa paramezvara ko mukti pradAna karane vAlA kase kahate haiM ? bRhaspati ke mata ko mAnane vAle, nAstikoM ke ziromaNi (pradhAna ) cArvAka ne to isa taraha kI dhAraNA hI ukhAr3a pheMko hai| cArvAka ke mata kA khaNDana karanA bhI kaThina hai / prAyaH saMsAra meM sabhI prANI to isI lokokti para calate haiM-'jabataka jIvana rahe sukha se jInA cAhie, aisA koI nahIM jisake pAsa mRtyu na jA sake; jaba zarIra eka bAra jala jAtA hai taba isakA punaH Agamana kaise ho sakatA hai ? sabhI loga nItizAstra aura ke kAmazAstra anusAra artha (dhana-saMgraha ) aura kAma ( bhoga-vilAsa ) ko hI puruSArtha samajhate haiM, paraloka kI bAta ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM tathA cArvAka-mata kA anusaraNa karate haiM isa taraha mAlUma hotA hai [ binA upadeza ke hI loga svabhAvataH, cArvAka kI ora cala par3ate haiM ] isalie cArvAka-mata kA dasarA nAma artha ke anukala hI hailokAyata ( loka = saMsAra meM, Ayata = vyApta phailA huA ) / vizaSa-zaGkara, bhAskara tathA anya TIkAkAra lokAyatika nAma dete haiM / lokA

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe yatika-mata cArvAkoM kA koI sampradAya hai / cArvAka = cAru (sundara ), vAk ( vacana ) manuSyoM kI svAbhAvika pravRtti cArvAka mata kI ora hI hai / bAda meM upadezAdi dvArA ve dUsare darzanoM ko mAnyatA pradAna karate haiN| dUsare jIva bhI ( pazu-pakSI Adi ) cArvAka ( = svAbhAvika-dharma evaM darzana ) ke pR ThapoSaka haiN| grIka darzana ke erisTipasa evaM epikyurasa isI sampradAya ke samAna apane darzanoM kI abhivyakti karate haiM / ' lokAyata' zabda pANini ke ukthagaNa ( kranUkthAdisUtrAntATThak 4/2/60 ) meM milatA hai jisameM 'lokAyatika' zabda banAne kA vidhAna hai / SaDdarzana- samuccaya ke TIkAkAra guNaratna kA kahanA hai ki jo puNya-pApAdi parokSavastuoM kA carvaNa ( nAza ) kara de vahI cArvAka hai / kAzikA - vRtti ( 1 / 3 / 36 ) meM cArvI nAmaka lokAyatika AcArya kA bhI ullekha hai 17 ( 2. tattva-mImAMsA ) tatra pRthivyAdIni bhUtAni catvAri tattvAni / tebhya eva dehAkArapariNatebhyaH kiNvAdibhyaH madazaktivat caitanyamupajAyate / vinaSTeSu satsu svayaM vinazyati / tadAhu: - "vijJAnaghana evaitebhyo bhUtebhyaH samutthAya tAnyevAnuvinazyati, sa na pretya saMjJAstIti' ( bRha0 upa0 2 / 4 / 12 ) taccatanyaviziSTadeha evAtmA / dehAtirikta Atmani pramANAbhAvAt / pratyakSaikapramANavAditayA anumAnAdeH anaGgIkAreNa prAmANyAbhAvAt // 4 svayaM caitanya kA unake mata se pRthivI Adi cAra mahAbhUta hI tattva haiM ( pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu ) | pratyakSa ko hI pramANa mAnane ke kAraNa AkAza tattva ko ye svIkAra nahIM karate kyoMki a.ka. anumAna dvArA siddha hotA hai ] / jisa prakAra kiNva Adi ( mAdaka dravyoM ) se mAdaka-zakti utpanna hotI hai, usI prakAra zarIra ke rUpa meM badala jAne para inhIM ( cAra ) tavoM se caitanya utpanna hotA hai / inake naSTa ho jAne para bhI vinAza ho jAtA hai / aisA kahA bhI hai ( zruti -pramANa se bhI yahI bAta siddha hotI hai ) - ' ( AtmA ) vijJAna ( = zuddha caitanya ) ke rUpa meM ina bhUtoM se nikala kara unhIM meM vilIna ho jAtA hai, mRtyu ke bAda caitanya ( jJAna ) kI sattA nahIM rahatI' ( bR0 upa0 224 / 12 ) / anaeva uparyukta caitanya se yukta zarIra ko AtmA kahate haiM / deha ke alAvA AtmA nAma kA koI dUsarA bhI padArtha hai - koI pramANa isake lie nahIM / ye kevala pratyakSa jJAna ko hI pramANa mAnate haiM; anumAnAdi ko asvIkAra karane se unako pramANa nahIM mAnA jAtA / vizeSa - kiNvaH eka prakAra kI oSadhiyAM bIja, jisase zarAba banAI jAtI thI / 'murAyA: prakRtibhUto vRkSavizeSaniryAsaH' abhya0 ) | jaise prakRti- avasthA ( kiNva, madhu, zarkarAdi ) meM mAdaka zakti nahIM kintu unakI vikRti - avasthA ( zarAba ) meM mAdakatA A jAtI hai, usI prakAra pRthvI, vAyu Adi padArtho meM caitanya na hone para bhI inake vikAra - rUpa (zarIra ) meM caitanya ho jAtA hai / tulanA kareM

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cArvAkadarzanam jaDabhUtavikAreSu caitanyaM yattu dRzyate / tAmbUlapUgacUrNAnAM yogAdrAga ivotthitam || (sa0 si0 saM0 2|7 ) arthAt jar3a padArthoM ke vikAra se caitanya usI prakAra utpanna hotA hai jaise pAna, supArI aura cUne ke yoga se pAna kI lAlI nikalatI hai / AtmA zarIra + caitanya | cArvAka kevala pratyakSa pramANa mAnate haiM / inake dvArA anumAna ke khaNDana ke lie Age dekheM / vRhadAraNyakopaniSad ke vAkya kA uddharaNa cArvAka apane artha kI siddhi ke lie dete haiM, bhale hI usakA dUsarA artha hai / zaGkarAcArya isameM brahmajJAna ke anantara kI avasthA kA varNana mAnate haiM (dekhiye, zAbarabhAvya jai0 sU0 1|115; ) / kahA bhI hai- A scoundrel quotes the Bible for his own purpose. arthAt svArtha-siddhi ke lie dRSTa bhI bAibila se uddharaNa dete haiM / ( 3. sukha kI prApti-duHkha aura sukha kA mizraNa ) aGganAdyAliGganAdijanyaM sukhameva puruSArthaH / na ca 'asya duHkhasambhinnatayA puruSArthatvameva nAsti' iti mantavyam / avarjanIyatayA prAptasya duHkhasya parihAreNa sukhamAtrasyaiva bhoktavyatvAt / tadyathA - matsyArthI sazalkAn sakaNTakAn matsyAnupAdatte / sa yAvadAdeyaM tAvadAdAya nivartate / yathA vA dhAnyArthI sapalAlAni dhAnyAni Aharati, sa yAvadAdeyaM tAvadAdAya nivartate / tasmAd duHkhabhayAt nAnukUlavedanIyaM sukhaM tyaktumucitam // strI-Adi ke AliGganAdi se utpanna sukha hI puruSArtha hai ( duusraa| kucha puruSArtha nahIM ) | aisA nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki duHkha se milAjulA ( sambhinna ) hone ke kAraNa [ sukha ] puruSArtha nahIM hai, kyoMki hamaloga [ sukha ke sAtha ] anivArya rUpa se mile-jule duHkha ko haTAkara kevala sukha kA hI upabhoga kara sakate haiM / [ aisA koI sukha saMsAra meM nahIM jo kevala sukha hI ho, duHkha nahIM / vastutaH saMsAra ke sabhI sukha duHkhoM se yukta hote haiM / aisA dekhakara bhI sukha ko puruSArthaM samajhanA cAhie kyoMki sukha-duHkha se bharI vastu se duHkha ko haTAkara kevala sukha kA hI Ananda liyA jA sakatA hai / isake lie dRSTAnta bhI leM - ] jaise - machalI cAhanevAlA vyakti chilake ( Scale ) aura kA~ToM ke sAtha hI machaliyoM ko pakar3atA hai, use jitane kI AvazyakatA hai utanA ( aMza ) lekara haTa jAtA hai; aura jisa prakAra dhAna ko cAhane vAlA vyakti puAla ke sAtha hI dhAna le AtA hai, jitanA use lenA cAhie utanA lekara haTa jAtA hai / isalie duHkha ke bhaya [ mana ke ] anukUla laganevAle sukha ko chor3anA ThIka nahIM hai / na hi 'mRgAH santi' iti zAlayo nopyante / na hi 'bhikSukAH santi' iti sthAlyo nAdhizrIyante / yadi kazcid bhIruH dRSTaM sukhaM tyajet, taha sa pazuvat mUrkho bhavet / taduktam

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe2. tyAjyaM sukhaM viSayasaGgamajanma puMsAM __duHkhopasRSTamiti muurkhvicaarnnessaa| vrIhIjihAsati sitottamataNDulADhayAn ko nAma bhostuSakaNopahitAnhitArthI // iti / aisA nahIM dekhA jAtA ki hariNa haiM ( ve khA jAyeMge ) isalie dhAna hI na ro, yA bhikhamaMge haiM ( mAMgane ke lie AveMge) isalie haoNr3iyoM ko [ cUlhe para ] hI na car3hAyeM / ( loga yaha samajhate haiM ki vighna apane sthAna para haiM, hamArA kAma kyoM rukA rahe ? ) yadi koI Darapoka [ uparyukta prakAra ke vighnoM ke bhaya se ] dRSTa ( sAkSAt, vartamAna, dikhalAI par3anevAle ) sukha ko chor3a detA hai to vaha pazu ke samAna mUrkha hI hai / kahA bhI hai--'yaha mUroM kA vicAra hai ki manu-yoM ko sukha kA tyAga kara denA cAhiye kyoMki unakI utpatti [ sAMsArika ] viSayoM ke sAtha hotI hai tathA ve duHkha se bhare haiN| bhalA kahiye to, [ apanI ] bhalAI cAhanevAlA kauna aisA AdamI hogA jo ujale aura sabase acche dAnevAlI dhAna kI bAliyoM ko kevala isIlie chor3anA cAhatA hai ki inameM bhUsA aura kuNDA bhI hai ?' [ kaNa-kuNDA, koMDhA, kuMDa; cAvala ke chilake kI dhUla, jo pazuoM ke khAne ke kAma meM AtI hai|| (4. yajJoM aura vedoM ko nissAratA) nanu pAralaukikasukhAbhAve bahuvittavyayazarIrAyAsasAdhye'gnihotrAdau vidyAvRddhAH kathaM pratiSyante ? iti cet, tadapi na pramANakoTi praveSTumoSTe / anRta-vyAghAta-punaruktadoSaiH dUSitatayA vaidikammanyaireva dhUrtabakaiH parasparaM-karmakANDaprAmANyavAdibhiH jJAnakANDasya, jJAnakANDaprAmANyavAdibhiH karmakANDasya ca-pratikSiptatvena, trayyA dhUrtapralApamAtratvena, agnihotrAdeH jIvikAmAtraprayojanatvAt / tathA ca AbhANaka:3. agnihotraM trayo vedAstridaNDaM bhasmaguNThanam / / buddhipauruSahInAnAM jIviketi bRhaspatiH // iti / yadi [ koI pUche ki-] pAralaukika-sukha ( kA astitva ) na ho to vidvAna loga agnihotrAdi ( yajJoM ) meM kyoM pravRtta hote haiM jaba ki una yajJoM meM apAra dhana kA vyaya tathA zArIrika zrama bhI lagatA hai ?-to, yaha ( tarka ) bhI prAmANika nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki agnihotrAdi karmoM kA prayojana kevala jIvikA-prApti hI hai; tInoM ( veda ) kevala dhUtoM ( ThaganevAloM ) ke pralApa haiM, kyoMki apane ko vedajJa samajhanevAle dhUna 'bagulA-bhagatoM ne' Apasa meM hI [ veda ko ] anta ( jhUThA ), vyAghAta ( Apasa meM virodha | aura punaru ka ( duharAnA ) doSoM se dUSita kiyA hai, [ udAharaNa ke lie ]

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cArvAkadarzanam karmakANDa ko pramANa mAnanevAloM ( pUrva mImAMsakoM ) ne jJAnakANDa ko, aura jJAnakANDa ko pramANa mAnanevAloM (uttaramImAMsakoM, vedAntiyoM) ne karmakANDa ko Apasa meM doSayukta batalAyA hai / aisI lokokti bhI hai - 'bRhaspati kA kahanA hai ki agnihotra, tInoM veda, tIna daNDa dhAraNa karanA ( saMnyAsa lenA ) aura bhasma lagAnA una logoM kI jIvikA [ ke sAdhana ] haiM jinameM na buddhi hai, na puruSArtha ( zArIrika zakti ) / ' vizeSa- cArvAka ke virodhI loga zaMkA karate haiM ki vidvAn loga kitanA adhika vyaya aura zrama se agnihotrAdi kA sampAdana karate haiM / para yaha saba kisalie ? laukika-sukha to inase hai nahIM / taba to kevala pAralaukika sukha hI inase milatA hai arthAt paraloka hai / anRta-doSa -- putreSTi yajJa karane para bhI putra na honA, veda-vAkyoM ko jhUThA siddha karatA hai / karmakANDa meM, jaise 'oSadhe trAyasvanam' ( tai0 saM0 1|2| 1 ) he oSadhi ! isakI rakSA karo, 'svadhite menaM hiMsI:' ( tai0 saM 1 / 211 ) ai chure ! ise mata kATo -- ina acetana vastuoM ko cetana ke samAna sambodhita karanA asambhava hai| isI prakAra brahmakANDa meM, 'annaM brahmeti vyajAnAt ' ( tai0 u0 3 / 2 ), 'prANo brahmeti vyajAnAt ' ( tai0 3 / 3 ) inameM anna aura prANa ko brahma mAnA gayA hai vaha jhUThA hai / vyAghAta - doSa -- kabhI kahate haiM 'udite juhoti' aura kabhI 'anudite juhoti' ( tula0 ai0 brA0 5 / 5 / 5 aura tai0 brA0 2 / 1 / 2 / 3,12 ) / kabhI 'eka eva rudro na dvitIyo'vatasthe' ( tai0 saM0 11826 ) kahate to kabhI hajAroM rudroM ko mAnate hue bhI nahIM hicakate - 'sahasrANi sahasrazo ye rudrA adhi bhUmyAm' ( tai0 saM0 4 / 5 / 11 ) / kabhI to 'ekamevAdvitIyam' ( chA0 6 / 211 ) kahate haiM, kabhI 'dvA suparNA sayujA' ( mu0 3|1|1 ) aura 'RtaM pibantI' ( kA0 3 / 1 ) kahate haiM--isa prakAra paraspara virodhI vAkyoM kI sattA vedoM meM hI hai / punarukta-doSa - usI bAta ko kahanA jise loga pahale se hI jAnate haiM, jaise 'Apa: undantu' ( tai0 saM0 1 / 211 ) kSaurakAla meM sira ko jala se bhigA de| 'pRthivI se paudhe hote haiM, paudhoM se anna' ( te 0 21111 ) - ina saboM meM usI kA varNana hai jise hama jAnate haiM / ina doSoM ke lie dekhie - sAyaNa kI RgvedabhASyabhUmikA meM mantroM aura brAhmaNoM kA prAmANyavicAra aura nyAya - sUtra 2 / 1 / 57 - ' tadaprAmANyamanRtavya / ghAtapunaruktadoSebhyaH / ' mImAMsaka loga jJAnakANDa ko aprAmANika mAnate haiM tathA vedAntI loga karmakANDa ko / do ke lar3ane para tIsare kA lAbha hotA hI hai - isa taraha cArvAka pUre veda ko hI apramANika mAna lete haiM / unake anusAra dhUrtoM ne yajJAdi kA vidhAna karanevAle vedoM kA nirmANa karake, zraddhA se andhI janatA meM vizvAsa dilAkara, logoM se yajJa karAkara dhana cUsane kA eka sAdhana banA liyA hai, unakI yaha jIvikA hI ho gaI hai / agnihotra agni meM honevAle sabhI zrIta, smArta karma / tIna veda = Rg, yajuH sAma / ye dhUnoM ke =

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sarvadarzavasaMgrahebanAye haiM kintu apauruSeya kahakara inakA pracAra kiyA gayA hai| tridaNDa-tInoM prakAra ke karmoM kA tyAga karake saMnyAsa lenA aura una karmoM ko daNDa dene ke lie daNDa dhAraNa karanA / bhasma lagAkara sanvyAvandana, devapUjA, japAdi krnaa| jinake pAsa buddhi hai ve taraha-taraha ke upAya karake ( sAma, dAnAdi upAyoM se deza, kAla ke anusAra parAmarza dekara ) jIvikA pAte haiM / puruSArthavAle parAkrama dikhAkara vRtti pAte haiN| kintu jinake pAsa ye donoM cIjeM nahIM haiM ve jIvikA kA koI dasarA sAdhana na dekhakara sabhI jIvoM ko karma ke bandhana meM par3A huA batAkara unase manamAnA dhana aiMThate rahate haiM / (5. Izvara-mokSa-AtmA) ata eva kaNTakAdijanyaM duHkhameva narakaH / lokasiddho rAjA paramezvaraH / dehacchedo mokSaH / dehAtmavAde ca 'sthUlo'haM, kRzo'haM, kRSNo'ham' ityAdi sAmAnAdhikaraNyopapattiH / 'mama zarIram' iti vyavahAro 'rAhoH ziraH' ityAdivadaupacArikaH // isalie kaNTakAdi [ bhautika kAraNoM se ] utpanna [ bhautika ] duHkha hI naraka hai ( purANoM meM varNita kumbhIpAkAdi naraka nAma kI koI vastu nhiiN)| saMsAra meM svIkRta rAjA hI paramezvara hai ( saMsAra kA niyantA, utpatti, pAlana aura saMhArakartA, punarjanma kA pradAtA Izvara nahIM kyoMki utpatti Adi to svAbhAvika hai, punarjanma hai hI nahIM ) / [ deha hI AtmA hai ataH ] deha yA AtmA kA vinAza hI mokSa hai / deha ko AtmA mAnane para hI 'maiM moTA haiM, maiM dubalA haiM, maiM kAlA haiM' ityAdi vAkyoM ko siddha karanA sarala ho sakatA hai kyoMki [ uddezya aura vidheya donoM kA ] AdhAra eka hI ho jAtA hai| [ maiM = AtmA, moTA = deha kA guNa / 'ahaM sthUla:' kahane para donoM zabdoM kA AdhAra samAna ho jAtA hai, AtmA para zarIra ke guNoM kA AropaNa huA hai isalie aise vAkyoM kI siddhi ke lie hameM AtmA ( ahaM ) aura deha (sthUla: ) ko samAna samajhanA hogaa| yadi AtmAdeha eka nahIM haiM to 'ahaM sthUlaH' vAkya kaise bana sakatA hai ? upayukta dehAtmavAda ko svIkAra kara lene para samasyA sulajha jAtI hai / astu, yadi zarIra AtmA hai to hameM 'ahaM zarIram' kahanA cAhie, 'mama zarIram' kaise kaheMge ? ] 'merA zarIra' yaha prayoga 'rAhu kA sira' ke samAna AlaMkArika yA gauNa-prayoga hai| [ 'mama zarIram' tabhI kaha sakate haiM jaba AtmA ( ahaM ) aura zarIra meM bheda ho kintu yaha mukhyArtha nahIM hai, AlaMkArika-dRSTi se prayukta hai| rAhu aura usakA sira do pRthak cIjeM nahIM, eka hI cIja hai / 'rAma kA sira' kahane para to pArthakya saSTa mAlama par3atA hai kyoMki eka ora to rAma samasta aGga-saMsthAna ko kahate haiM aura dUsarI ora sira eka aMga-vizeSa hai| isI ke sAdRzya se 'rAhu kA sira' bhI kahate haiM kintu vastutaH sira kA hI nAma rAhu hai phira bhI 'rAhoH ziraH' kahate haiM / usI prakAra AtmA aura zarIra ke eka rahane para bhI 'mama zarIram' kahate haiN| ]

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cArvAkadarzanam (6. mata-saMgraha) tadetatsarvaM samagrAhi4. aGganAliGganAjjanyasukhameva pumarthatA / ___ kaNTakAdivyathAjanyaM duHkhaM niraya ucyate // 5. lokasiddho bhavedrAjA parezo nAparaH smRtaH / dehasya nAzo muktistu na jJAnAnmuktiriSyate // 6. atra catvAri bhUtAni bhUmivAryanalAnilAH / __ caturvyaH khalu bhUtebhyazcaitanyamupajAyate // 7. kiNvAdibhyaH sametebhyo dravyebhyo madazaktivat / ___ ahaM sthUlaH kRzo'smIti sAmAnAdhikaraNyataH // 8. dehaH sthaulyAdiyogAcca sa evAtmA na caaprH| ___ mama deho'yamityuktiH saMbhavedaupacAriko / ina saboM kA saMgraha kara diyA gayA hai-strI ke AliMgana se utpanna sUkha hI puruSArtha kA lakSaNa hai / kA~Te ityAdi [ gar3ane kI ] pIr3A se utpanna duHkha hI naraka kahalAtA hai // 4 // saMsAra ke dvArA mAnA gayA rAjA hI paramezvara hai, koI dUsarA nahIM, deha kA nAza hI mukti hai, jJAna se mukti nahIM hotI // 5 // isa mata ke anusAra tattva cAra haiM-bhUmi, jala, agni aura vAyu / inhIM cAroM bhUtoM se caitanya ( jJAna ) utpanna hotA hai, jisa prakAra kiNvAdi dravyoM ke milane se madazakti ( nikalatI hai ) / 'maiM moTA hU~,' 'maiM patalA hU~' isa prakAra [ donoM ke ] eka AdhAra hone ke kAraNa tathA moTAI Adi se saMyoga hone ke kAraNa deha hI AtmA hai, koI dUsarA nahIM / 'merA zarIra' yaha ukti AlaMkArika hai // 6-8 // (7. anumAna-pramANa kA khaNDana ) syAdetat / syAdeSa manoratho yadyanumAnAdeH prAmANyaM na syAt / asti ca prAmANyam / kathamanyathA dhUmopalambhAnantaraM dhUmadhvaje prekSAvatAM pravRttirupapadyeta ? 'nadyAstIre phalAni santi' iti vacanazravaNasamanantaraM phalAthinAM nadItIre pravRttiriti ? tadetanmanorAjyavijRmbhaNam / vyAptipakSadharmatAzAli hi liGga gamakam abhyupgtmnumaanpraamaannyvaadibhiH| vyAptizca ubhayavidhopAdhividhuraH sambandhaH / sa ca sattayA cakSurAdivannAGgabhAvaM bhajate kiM tu jnyaattyaa| kaH khalu jJAnopAyo bhavet ? ___ khaira yahI sahI, kintu ApakI yaha icchA to taba pUrI hotI hai jaba anumAnAdi ko prAmANika nahIM mAnate ( yaha cArvAka ke virodhiyoM kI zaMkA hai ) / lekina anumAnAdi

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe to pramANa haiM hI, nahIM to dhuAM dekhakara agni ( dhUmadhvaja ) ke prati buddhimAna logoM kI pravRtti kaise siddha hotI ( = anumAna pramANa se hI yaha sambhava hai ) ? athavA, 'nadI ke kinAre phala haiM' isa bAta ko sunakara phala cAhanevAle nadI ke kinAre kyoM cala par3ate haiM ? ( = zabda yA Agama- pramANa se yaha sambhava hai jaba ki Apta yA yathArthavaktA kI bAta sunakara usa para vizvAsa kareM ) / [ isa prakAra ina udAharaNoM se siddha hotA hai ki anumAna aura zabda pramANa haiM - yaha pUrvapakSI arthAt cArvAka ke virodhiyoM kA vacana hai ] / 10 yaha saba kevala mana ke rAjya kI kalpanA hai / anumAna ko pramANa mAnanevAle loga, sambandha batalAnevAlA liGga ( hetu, Middle term ) mAnate haiM jo vyApti ( Major premise ) aura pakSadharmatA ( Minor premise ) se yukta rahatA hai / vyApti kA artha hai donoM prakAra kI ( zaMkita aura nizcita ) upAdhiyoM se rahita [ pakSa aura liGga I ] sambandha | A~kha kI taraha yaha sambandha kevala apanI sattA se hI [ anumAna kA ] aGga nahIM bana sakatA, pratyuta isake jJAna se [ anumAna saMbhava hai ] / ( kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jisa prakAra A~kha darzana-kriyA kA eka sahAyaka aGga hai usI prakAra vyApti bhI anumAna kA aGga hai / kintu ina donoM kI sahAyatA kI vidhiyoM meM bar3A antara hai / dekhane meM, svayaM A~khoM ke jJAna kI AvazyakatA nahIM, kevala sattA kI AvazyakatA hai kintu anumAna meM sahAyatA denevAlI vyApti kI sattA kI AvazyakatA nahIM, usakA jJAna honA cAhie ) / aba vyApti ke jJAna kA kauna-sA upAya hai ? [ isake bAda pratyakSAdi sAdhanoM ke dvArA vyApti kA jJAna asambhava hai - yaha dikhalAyA jAyagA / ] w vizeSa - kisI anumAna ( yadi parArthAnumAna na ho ) meM tIna vAkya hote haiM-- vyApti ( Major premise ), pakSadharmatA ( Minor premise ) tathA nigamana ( Conclusion ) ( vyApti ) yatra yatra dhUmaH tatra tatra vahniH, pakSadharmatA ) parvate dhUmaH, ( nigamana) : parvate vahniH / yA, All smoky abjects are fiery ( Major ), The hill is smoky ( Minor ), .. The hill is fiery ( Conclusion. ), inameM 'parvata' pakSa ( Minor term jisameM sAdhya kI sattA sandigdha ho ) hai, 'vahni' sAdhya ( Major term siddha karane yogya ) aura 'dhUma' hetu yA liGga (Middle term ) / hetu vaha pada hai jo Major aura Minor premise meM vidya mAna ho kintu nigamana ( Conclusion ) meM na rahe / vyAptivAkya ( Major premise ) meM hetu aura sAdhya kA sambandha hotA hai tathA nigamana ( Conclusion )

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cArvAkadarzanam 11 liGga yA hetu ko avasthA meM anumAna meM pakSa aura sAdhya kA / mUla grantha kI paMkti meM kahA hai ki anumAna meM vyApti aura pakSadharmatA ke vAkyoM meM sthita rahanA cAhie / pratyeka kI saphalatA vyApti para hI avalambita hai ataH vyAptijJAna ke lie nyAya - darzana meM aneka upAya batalAye gaye haiM / pAzcAtya tarkazAstra meM to isake lie pUrA Agamana tarkazAstra ( Inductive Logic ) hI par3A huA hai / cArvAka siddha karate haiM ki vyApti ko na to pratyakSa se jAna sakate, na anumAna se; upamAna aura zabda bhI isameM asaphala haiM / 1 vyApti ke jJAna meM do upAdhiyA~ ( Condition ) hotI haiM-- nizcita aura zaMkita / yaha to spaSTa hai ki vyApti meM upAdhi rahane para nigamana bhI sopAdhika hogA arthAt azuddha hogA / nimnalikhita anumAna sopAdhika hai sabhI hiMsAe~ adharma kA sAdhana haiM, yaha hiMsA bhI hiMsA hI hai, .. yaha hiMsA adharma kA sAdhana hai / yahA~ para vyAptivAkya meM 'niSiddha' upAdhi hai arthAt vyApti ko isa prakAra honA cAhie - 'sabhI niSiddha hiMsAe~ adharma kA sAdhana haiM' yadi aisA nahIM kiyA jAya to vedavihita- hiMsA bhI adharma kA sAdhana ho jAya / isI upAdhi ke calate nigamana bhI sopAdhika ( Conditional ) ho gayA ki 'yadi yaha niSiddha hiMsA hai to adharma kA sAdhana hai' / astu Upara kahA jA cukA hai ki vyApti kI sattA se hI anumAna lAbhAnvita nahIM hotA, jaba taka ki usakA nizcita jJAna na ho| isI prakAra vyApti yadi upAdhi meM nizcita ho taba to anumAna ho nahIM sakatA / upAdhi ke zaMkita hone para bhI kahIM vyApti hogI, kahIM nahIM / aisI avasthA meM vyApti hone para bhI usake nizcita jJAna ke abhAvameM anumAna nahIM ho sakatA, vyApti na rahane para to anumAna kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA / isIlie vyApti ko ubhayavidha-upAdhi se vidhura ( rahita ) honA kahA gayA hai / ( 8. pratyakSa dvArA vyAptijJAna nahIM ho sakatA ) na tAvatpratyakSam / tacca bAhyamAntaraM vA'bhimatam / na prathamaH / tasya samprayuktajJAnajanakatvena bhavati prasarasambhave'pi bhUtabhaviSyatostadasambhavena sarvopasaMhAravatyAH vyApte durjJAnatvAt / na ca vyAptijJAnaM sAmAnyagocaramiti mantavyam / vyaktyoravinAbhAvAbhAvaprasaGgAt / nA'pi caramaH antaHkaraNasya bahirindriyatantratvena bAhye'rthe svAtantryeNa pravRttyanupapatteH / taduktam - cakSurAdyuktaviSayaM paratantraM bahirmanaH ( ta0 vi0 20 ) / iti // pratyakSa pramANa se to [ vyApti kA jJAna ] nahIM ho sakatA / pratyakSa yA to bAhya ( External ) hotA hai yA antara ( Internal) / inameM pahale (bAhya) pratyakSa se

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe [ vyAptijJAna honA asambhava hai, bAhyA pratyakSa kevala bAharI indriyoM se utpanna hotA hai ] / bAhya-pratyakSa [ bAhyendriyoM se ] sambaddha ( bAharI ) viSayoM kA hI jJAna utpanna kara sakatA hai / [ bAhyendriyoM kA sambandha to kevala vartamAnakAla kI vastuoM ke sAtha hI ho sakatA hai, ataeva ] isa taraha kA jJAna bhale hI vartamAnakAla ( bhavat ) kI vastuoM ke viSaya meM saphala ho, parantu bhUtakAla aura bhaviSyatkAla kI vastuoM kA jJAna dene meM to asaphala ho jAyagA / vyApti to sabhI avasthAoM ( kAloM ) kA saMgraha karanevAlI hai ataH [ bAhyapratyakSa se ] isakA jJAna honA duSkara hai| aisA bhI na samajheM ki vyAti kA jJAna sAmAnya ( jAti General class ) ke viSaya meM hotA hai ( arthAt yadyapi tInoM kAla meM dhUma, agni Adi ke vaiyaktika udAharaNa hama nahIM pA sakate kintu inakI jAti - dhUmatva, agnitva Adi - kA to kAlika jJAna eka bAra hI ho sakatA hai / tInoM kAloM ke dhUmoM meM dhUmatva to vahI hai isalie sAmAnya dvArA vyAtijJAna ho sakatA hai - aisA nahIM samajhanA cAhie ) kyoMki taba do vyaktigata udAharaNoM meM avinAbhAva ( vyApti ) kA sambandha sthApita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA | kyoMki yaha nizcita nahIM ki jAti meM prApta sabhI guNa usake pratyeka vyakti meM hoMge hI / dhUmatva (jAti) ko na vyApti hamane jAna lI, kisI vizeSa dhUma ko to nahIM na ? vaiyaktika dhUma kI vyApti na jAnane se vyakti ke viSaya meM anumAna bhI nahIM ho sakatA / ] 12 nahIM karA sakatA, antaHkaraNa bAhye pratyakSa kA dUsarA bheda ( Antara pratyakSa ) bhI [ vyAptijJAna ] [ antara pratyakSa mana rUpI antarindriya dvArA jJAna detA hai kintu ] ndriyoM ke adhIna hai ( jo jJAna bAharI indriyA~ pAtI haiM, mana usI kI chApa grahaNa kara letA hai ) isalie bAhya-vastuoM ( dhUma - agni Adi ) meM svatantratApUrvaka usakI pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI ( = bAhyavastuoM ke jJAna ke lie nizcaya hI antaHkaraNa bAhyendriyoM kI sahAyatA legA / kahA bhI gayA hai-- 'A~kha Adi bAharI indriyoM ke dvArA pradarzita ( ukta ) viSayoM ko grahaNa karanevAlA mana bAhyendriyoM ( bahiH ) ke adhIna hai' ( tattva - viveka, 20 ) // (9. 1. anumAna aura zabda se vyAptijJAna nahIM ho sakatA ) nApyanumAnaM vyAptijJAnopAyaH tatra tatrApi evmitynvsthaadauHsthy| nApi zabdastadupAyaH kANAdamatAnusAreNa anumAne evAntarbhA vAt / anantarbhAve vA vRddhavyavahArarUpaliGgAvagatisApekSatayA prAguktadUSaNalaGghanAjaGghAlatvAt / dhUmadhUmadhvajayoravinAbhAvo'stIti vacanamAtre manvAdivadvizvAsAbhAvAcca / anupadiSTAvinAbhAvasya puruSasyAntaradarzanena arthAntarAnumityabhAve svArthAnumAnakathAyAH kathAzeSatvaprasaGgAcca kaiva kathA parAnumAnasya ?

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cArvAkadarzanam 13 anumAna bhI vyAptijJAna nahIM de sakatA, yadi anumAna se vyApti bane to vyApti ko siddha karanevAle anumAna kI siddhi ke lie eka dUsarA anumAna cAhie, punaH usa anumAna ke lie tIsarA anumAna caahie| isa prakAra anavasthA - doSa ( jisako samApti kabhI na ho ) utpanna hogA / [ abhya0 - agni ko dhUma meM siddha karanevAlI vyApti jisa dUsare anumAna se jJAta hotI hai usa anumAna ko siddha karanevAlI vyApti kisI tIsare anumAna se jJAta hogI - isa prakAra anavasthA - doSa huA / ] zabda-pramANa bhI vyApti jJAna nahIM de sakatA, kyoMki kaNAda ( vaizeSikadarzanakAra ) ke mata ke anusAra zabda anumAna ke hI antargata hai' [ isalie anumAna ke khaNDana ke sAtha zabda kA bhI khaNDana ho gayA ] / yadi zabda ko anumAna ke antargata na bhI mAneM to bhI vRddha-puruSa ke vyavahArarUpI liGga ( cihna middle term ) kI to AvazyakatA par3egI hI, isalie phira Upara kahA huA doSa ( anavasthA ) A jAyagA jise lA~ghanA Ter3hI khIra hai [ = zabdapramANa meM zaktigraha dvArA vastuoM kA bodha hotA hai / zaktigraha ke bhinnabhinna upAya haiM, jaise -- vyAkaraNa, upamAna, koza, Apta-vAkya, vRddhavyavahAra ityAdi / zaktigraha kA abhiprAya hai kisI zabda ke dvArA nizcita artha ke sAtha usakA sambandha sthApita karanA jaise gau kahane se eka catuSpada, soMgavAle, khurasahita prANI ko samajha lenA / yahI vaiyAkaraNoM kA zaktivAda yA arthavijJAna hai jisakA varNana bhartRhari ne vAkyapadIya meM vistRta rUpa se kiyA hai / hA~, to zaktigraha ke sAdhanoM meM vRddha puruSa kA vyavahAra bhI eka hai / kintu yaha ( vRddhapuruSavAlA ) zaktigraha yA zaktijJAna anumAna - pramANa se hotA hai / jaise - koI bAlaka uttama vRddha ke 'gAmAnaya' kahane para madhyama vRddha ko gau lAte hue - isa liGga ko -- dekhakara 'gAmAnaya' zabdoM kA artha 'go lAo' samajha letA hai, vaise hI 'dhUmaagni meM vyApta hai' isa prakAra kisI ke kahe hue vAkya se zabdapramANa dvArA utpanna vyApti - jJAna - jo anumAna kA sAdhana hai 'dhUma', 'agni' aura 'vyApti' zabdoM ke zaktigraha ( arthajJAna ) hone ke bAda hI ho sakatA hai, usake pahale nahIM / phira zaktigraha ke lie dUsare vyavahAra rUpI liGga kI AvazyakatA hogI arthAt dUsarA anumAna cAhie aura usa anumAna meM bhI zaktigraha cAhie - isa prakAra punaH anavasthA A jAtI hai / ] yaha kaheM ki dhUma aura agni ( dhUmadhvaja ) meM avinAbhAva - sambandha pahale se hI hai to isa bAta para vaise hI vizvAsa nahIM hogA jaise manu Adi RSiyoM kI bAtoM para / isa taraha avinAbhAva-sambandha ko na jAnanevAlA vyakti dUsarI cIja ( dhUmAdi ) dekhakara, dUsarI cIja ( agni Adi ) kA anumAna nahIM kara sakatA isalie svArthAnumAna kI bAta 1. dekhiye - bhASA - pariccheda, 140 zabdopamAnayornaiva pRthakprAmANyamiSyate / anumAnagatArthatvAditi vaizeSikaM matam //

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe kevala nAmamAtra ko raha jAtI hai, parArthAnumAna kI to bAta hI kyA ? (= yadi vyAptijJAna kA sAdhana kevala zabda ko mAnate haiM taba to jisa vyakti ko dhUma-agni ke avinAbhAvasambandha kA jJAna nahIM diyA gayA vaha to dhUma se agni kA anumAna karegA hI kaise ? isa taraha Apake apane tarka se hI svArthAnumAna-jisameM pramANAntara se vyApti jAnakara anumAna hotA hai--kA durga dhvasta ho jAtA hai| paJcAvayava-vAkyoM kA prayoga sambhava na hone se parArthAnumAna kA prayoktA bhI nahIM mila sktaa| donoM anumAnoM ke lie tarkasaMgraha dekheN| vizeSa-anavasthA doSa-naiyAyikoM ke yahA~ kaI doSa haiM jinameM ye sAdhAraNa haiM / jaba kisI vastu ko usI ke AdhAra para siddha karate haiM taba AtmAzraya-doSa hotA hai / do vastuoM meM eka ko dUsare ke AdhAra para siddha kiyA jAya to anyonyAzraya-doSa hotA hai / tIna yA usase adhika vastuoM ke bIca vRtta ke rUpa meM ghUmanevAle tarka ko cakrakadoSa kahate haiM / yadi tarka ko ananta kAla taka calane diyA jAya to anavasthA-doSa hotA hai / ( iNDiyana risarca iMsTicyUTa kI sAyaNa-Rgveda-bhASya-bhUmikA, DA0 sAtakaDi mukhopAdhyAya anUdita, pR0 7, pAda-TippaNI ) / zaktigraha ke ye sAdhana haiM zaktigrahaM vyAkaraNopamAnAtkozAptavAkyAd vyavahAratazca / vAkyasya zeSAdvivRtervadanti sAnnidhyataH siddhapadasya vRddhAH / / ( vA0pa0) (10. upamAnAdi se bhI vyAptijJAna saMbhava nahIM) upamAnAdikaM tu durApAstam / teSAM saMjJAsaMjJisambandhAdibodhakatvena anaupAdhikasambandhabodhakatvAsambhavAt // [ vyApti-jJAna karAne meM ] upamAnAdi to dUra se hI khisaka gaye (= upamAna se vyAptijJAna nahIM hotA ) / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki upamAna meM saMjJA ( gavaya ) aura saMjJI ( gosadRza piNDa ) kA sambandha hotA hai, usI sambandha kA bodha karAnA upamAna kA kAma hai, upAdhi se rahita sambandha (= vyApti ) kA bodha karAnA usake lie sAdhya nhiiN| vizeSa-upamAna kA lakSaNa tarphasaMgraha meM isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai-'upamitikaraNamupamAnam / saMjJAsaMjJisambandhajJAnamupamitiH / ' (pR0 16 ) arthAt kisI vastu ( saMjJI ) se usake nAma ( saMjJA ) kA sambandha jAnanA 'upamiti' kahalAtA hai / isa upamiti kA karaNa (= asAdhAraNa kAraNa, sAdhana ) 'upamAna' kahalAtA hai| yahAM karaNa kA abhiprAya hai sAdRzya-sambandha ko jAnanA / koI vyakti gavaya ko nahIM jAnatA kintu kisI jaMgalI AdasI se sunatA hai ki 'gavaya' 'gau ke samAna hotA hai-vaha vana meM jAkara dekhatA hai ki gau ke samAna hI koI jIva cara rahA hai, vaha pahalI bAta ko yAda karake turanta samajha letA hai ki vartamAna jIva gavaya hai / upamAna yahI hai--yahA~ 'gavaya' saMjJA yA nAma hai,

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cArvAkadarzanam 15 'gau ke samAna piNDa' saMjJI hai arthAt usa parArtha kA bodha karAtA hai / upamAna saMjJA aura saMjJa kA sambandha mAtra batalAtA hai, kisI dUsare sambandha ko batalAne kI zakti isameM nahIM, ataH vyApti kA jJAna karAnA usake lie sAMdhya nahIM, kyoMki vyApti meM upAdhi-rahita sambandha kA bodha hotA hai / isI prakAra abhAvAdi pramANa bhI isa kAma meM saphala nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki abhAva meM to kevala abhAva kA jJAna hogA usase bhinna ( vyApti Adi ) kA jJAna vaha nahIM karA sakatA / ( 11. vyAptijJAna kA dUsarA upAya bhI nahIM hai) kiM ca - upAdhyabhAvo'pi duravagamaH / upAdhInAM pratyakSatvaniyamAsambhavena pratyakSANAmabhAvasya pratyakSatve'pi, apratyakSANAmabhAvasya apratyakSatayA'numAnAdyapekSAyAmuktadUSaNAnativRtteH / api ca, 'sAdhanAvyApakatve sati sAdhyasamavyAptiH' iti tallakSaNaM kakSIkarttavyam / taduktam isake alAve, yadi upAdhi ke abhAva ko [ vyApti samajhate haiM, to use ] bhI jAnanA kaThina hI hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki 'sabhI upAdhiyA~ pratyakSa hI hoMgI' - yaha niyama rakhanA asaMbhava hai; yadyapi pratyakSa vastuoM kA abhAva bhI pratyakSa rUpa se dekhA jA sakatA hai, kintu apratyakSa ( na dikhalAI par3ane vAlI ) vastuoM kA abhAva bhI apratyakSa hI rahegA ( = kisI vastu ke abhAva kA jJAna tabhI hotA hai jaba usa vastu ko jAnate haiM - abhAvajJAnaM pratiyogijJAnasApekSam arthAt abhAva kA jJAna apane virodhI = bhAva ke jJAna kI apekSA rakhatA hai ) / isalie [ apratyakSa vastuoM ke abhAva ko jAnane ke lie ] dUsare pramANa - anumAnAdi kI AvazyakatA hogI aura taba phira vahI uparyukta ( anavasthA ) doSa A jAyagA jise hama haTA nahIM sakate / ( kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai - yadi vyApti kA lakSaNa 'upAdhihInatA' ho to ise sabhI prakAra kI upAdhiyoM se rahita honA cAhie / upAdhi kA abhAva tabhI jAnA jA sakatA hai jaba upAdhi kA jJAna ho / upAdhiyA~ sabhI pratyakSa hI nahIM rahatIM --- kucha dravyarUpa-dharmI, kucha guNAdirUpa-dharma, kucha mUrta, amUrta, pratyakSa, apratyakSa- -isa prakAra kaI taraha kI ho sakatI haiM / jaisA ki Upara kaha cukA hU~ kucha zaGkita aura nizcita bhI hotI haiM / pratyakSa upAdhiyoM kA abhAva to pratyakSa hogA, kintu apratyakSa upAdhiyoM kA abhAva apratyakSa hI hogA / apratyakSa kA jJAna anumAna se hI hogA aura anumAna meM upAdhi - hIna sambandha ( vyApti ) kI punaH apekSA hogI / phira usa vyApti ke lie tIsarA anumAna aura usa anumAna ke lie punaH vyApti - isa prakAra yaha tarkazRMkhalA anantakAla taka calatI rahegI ) / upAdhi kA dUsarA lakSaNa - isake alAve [ dUsarA doSa bhI hai - ] upAdhi kA yaha lakSaNa svIkAra karanA cAhie -- jo sAdhana ( hetu Middle term ) ko sadA vyApta na karane para bhI sAdhya ( Major term ) ke sAtha samanvyApti rakhe [ vyApti do prakarA

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe kI hotI hai--sama aura viSama / donoM vastuoM kI vyApti barAbara-barAbara rahane para samavyApti hotI hai jaise ( Man ) aura ( Rational animal ) meM / viSama vyApti jaise dhama aura agni meM yahA~ dhUma ke sAtha agni kI vyApti hone para bhI agni ke sAtha dhUma kI vyApti nahIM hai kyoMki dhUma nahIM rahane para bhI agni ho sakatI hai ] / aisA kahA bhI hai vizeSa-upAdhi kA uparyukta lakSaNa hI sabhI nyAya-granthoM meM svIkRta kiyA gayA hai| bhASA-pariccheda ( 138 ) meM kahA gayA hai sAdhyasya vyApako yastu hetoravyApakastathA / sa upAdhirbhavettasya ni karSo'yaM pradarzyate // arthAt sAdhya ke rUpa meM svIkRta vastu kA jo vyApaka ho tathA sAdhana ke rUpa meM svIkRta vastu kA vyApaka na ho vahI upAdhi hai ( muktAvalI0 ) / tarkasaMgraha meM to mAno mAdhava ke zabda hI haiM ( pR0 15 )-'sAdhyavyApakatve sati sAdhanAvyApakatvamupAdhiH / sAdhyasamAnAdhikaraNAtyantAbhAvapratiyogitvaM sAdhyavyApakatvam / sAdhanavanni ThAtyantAbhAvapratiyogitvaM sAdhanAvyApakatvam / yathA 'parvato dhUmavAn, vahnimattvAt' ityatra ArTendhanasaMyoga upAdhiH / tathAhi, 'yatra dhUmastatrArdaindhanasaMyogaH' iti sAdhyavyApakatvam / 'yatra vahnistatrATraeNndhanasaMyogo nAsti, ayogolake ArTendhanasaMyogAbhAvAt' iti sAdhanAvyApakatvam / evaM sAdhyavyApakatve sati sAdhanAvyApakatvAt AIndhanasaMyoga upAdhiH / ' sAdhya kA vyApaka koI tabhI bana sakatA hai jaba ki sAdhya ke samAna AdhAra vAlI vastu ke atyantAbhAva kA virodhI ho, jaise sabhI vahnimAn padArtha dhUmavAn haiM, parvata vahnimAna hai, .. parvata dhUmavAn hai, isa anumAna meM 'bhoMgI lakar3I se saMyoga' upAdhi hai jo niSkarSa ko bhI sopAdhika ( Conditional ) banA detI hai| yaha upAdhi 'dhamavAn' ( sAdhya Major term ) kA vyApaka hai ki jahA~ dhama hogA agni meM bhIMgI lakar3I kA saMyoga bhI avazya hogaa| isa taraha upAdhi sAdhya kA vyApaka hotI hai| sAdhana kA avyApaka koI taba ho sakatA hai jaba sAdhana ( hetu Middle term ) se yukta vastu meM rahane vAle ke atyantAbhAva kA pratiyogI ho jaise uparyukta anumAna meM-'jahA~ agni hai vahA~ bhIMgI lakar3I nahIM hotI, lohe ke gole ( yA bijalI ) meM bhoMgI lakar3I nahIM rahatI hai'-~-isa prakAra sAdhana ( vahnimAn ) meM upAdhi kI avyApti rahatI hai| isI lakSaNa ko AcAryoM ne kahA bhI hai| smaraNIya hai ki upAdhiyukta anumAna meM vyApyatvAsiddha nAmaka hetvAbhAsa hotA hai /

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cArvAkadarzanam 9. avyAptasAdhano yaH sAdhyasamavyAptirucyate sa upAdhiH / zabde'nitye sAdhye sakartRkatvaM ghaTatvamazravatAM ca // 10. vyAvarttayitumupAttAnyatra kramato vizeSaNAni trINi / tasmAdidamanavadyaM samAsametyAdinoktamAcAyyaizca // iti / jo ( 1 ) sAdhana ko vyApta na kare, ( 2 ) sAdhya ko vyApta kare aura ( 3 ) sAdhya ke samAna vyApti rakhe - use upAdhi kahate haiM / [ upAdhi ke uparyukta lakSaNa meM ] tIna vizeSaNa isalie rakhe gaye haiM ki [ inameM se pratyeka ke dvArA ] zabda ko anitya siddha karane ke samaya kramazaH nimnokta tIna upAdhiyA~ haTAyI jAyeM - ( 1 ) karttA se yukta honA, ( 2 ) ghaTa honA, ( 3 ) zravaNIya na honA / isalie yaha nirdoSa ( lakSaNa ) hai aura AcAryoM ne bhI 'samAsamA' ityAdi zloka ke dvArA kahA hai / 17 vizeSa - upAdhi ke lakSaNa meM tIna khaNDa haiM aura ina khaNDoM meM kisI eka ke bhI abhAva meM doSa utpanna hogA / tabhI to lakSaNa kI pUrNatA samajhI jaaygii| hama yahA~ dekheM ki kaise, kisake abhAva meM, kauna-sA doSa utpanna hotA hai| eka anumAna hai sabhI utpanna vastue~ anitya haiM, zabda utpanna hotA hai, ( zabdo'nityaH utpannatvAt ) .. zabda anitya hai, isa anumAna meM 'anityatva' sAdhya hai, 'utpannatva' sAdhana / hameM upAdhi ke uparyukta lakSaNa kI parIkSA isI anumAna ke AdhAra para karanI hai / sabase pahale upAdhi ke lakSaNa se prathama vizeSaNa - sAdhanA vyApakatva -- ko haTA deM; bacA, 'sAdhyavyAptiH upAdhiH' / aba Upara vAle zuddha anumAna ( anaupa|dhika) meM isa lakSaNa ko lagAne para upAdhi nikala AvegI-sakartRkatva ( kintu pahale se vaha anumAna upAdhihIna hai ) / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki sakartRkatva ke sAtha anityatva ( sAdhya ) kI vyApakatA hai - sabhI sarta ka vastue anitya haiM ( isa prakAra sAdhya ko vyApta karane ke kAraNa yaha upAdhi ho gaI ) / kintu uparyukta anumAna upAdhihIna hai, 'sakartRkatva' upAdhi usameM A na jAya, isalie 'sAdhanAvyApaka' - yaha vizeSaNa rakhA gayA / use rakhane se 'sakartRka' upAdhi nahIM A sakatI kyoMki 'sakartRka' ( upAdhi ) ke sAtha 'utpannatva' ( sAdhana ) kI avyApakatA nahIM, vyApakatA hI hai; ataH usa avasthA meM aisI kisI upAdhi ko Ane kA avasara nahIM milegA / aba dUsare vizeSaNa - sAdhyavyApakatva- para Apatti AyI, ise haTA deM; bacA, 'avyAptasAdhanaH upAdhiH' / isa lakSaNa ko uparyukta anumAna meM lagAne para eka upAdhi nikala AtI hai--ghaTatva / ghaTatva ( upAdhi ) utpannatva ( kA avyApaka hai| kyoMki jo ghaTatva hogA vaha to utpanna nahIM hogA ( isa prakAra sAdhana ko avyApta karane ke kAraNa yaha upAdhi ho gaI ) / 'ghaTatva' upAdhi kA vAraNa karane ke lie 'sAdhya 2 sa0 saM0

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18 sarvadarzanasaMgrahevyApaka'-yaha vizeSaNa diyA gyaa| use rakhane se 'ghaTatva' upAdhi nahIM A sakatI kyoMki 'ghaTatva' ( upAdhi ) meM sAdhya ( anityatva ) ko vyApta karane kI zakti nahIM, ghaTatva ( jAti ) nitya hai| ___ itane para bhI 'azrAvaNatva' upAdhi ke Ane kA avakAza hai yadi hama 'sAdhya-samavyApti'- yaha vizeSaNa nahIM rkheN| azrAvaNatva ( upAdhi ) uparyukta anumAna ke sAdhana ( utpannatva ) ko vyApta nahIM karatA ( sAdhanAvyApakatve sati ), kyoMki zabda-jaisI utpanna honevAlI vastuoM meM azrAvaNatva kA abhAva ( arthAt zravaNIyatA ) hai / punaH, azrAvaNatva ( upAdhi ) apane sAdhya ( anityatva ) ko vyApta kara letA hai| yahAM anityatva kA abhiprAya samajheM-dravyatva-mAtra se vyApta ( avacchinna ) anityatva arthAt anitya kahalAne vAle sAre dravya / kintu kucha dravya ( AtmA, AkAza Adi ) nitya haiM jinameM bhI azrAvaNatva hai isalie 'azrAvaNatva' ( upAdhi ) [ dravyatva-mAtra se vyApta ] anityatva ke sAtha samavyApti nahIM rakhatA aura upAdhi ke rUpa meM dikhalAI par3atA hai| yadi samavyApti hotI to upAdhi nahIM dikhalAI pdd'tii| ataH upAdhi ke lakSaNa meM tIsare vizeSaNa-sAdhyasamavyApti--kI bhI AvazyakatA hai tabhI azravatva-nAmaka upAdhi se baca sakate haiN| 'samAsamA' se parA yaha zloka samajheM samAsamAvinAbhAvAvekatra sto yadA tadA / samena yadi no vyAptastayohIno'prayojakaH // yaha iloka zrIharSa-racita 'khaNDana-khaNDa-khAdya' kI AnandapUrNAya-TIkA meM anumAnakhaNDana ( pR0 707 ) ke prakaraNa meM uddha ta kiyA gayA hai| Upara kahA jA cukA hai ki vyApti ke do bheda haiM--sama aura asama / nirantara eka sAtha rahane vAle do padArthoM kI vyApti sama kahalAtI hai jaise-pRthivI aura gandha kii| nirantara eka sAtha na rahanevAle ( asamaniyatayoH ) do padArthoM kI vyApti asama kahalAtI hai jaise-agni aura dhUma kI / ArdaindhanasaMyoga ( upAdhi ) aura dhUma meM samavyApti hotI hai| kintu Ai~ndhanasaMyoga aura agni meM asamavyApti hai / isa prakAra do vyAptiyA~ haiM = dhUma aura agni meM 'agni' asama yA hIna vyApti vAlA hai, kintu 'dhUma' sama vyaaptivaalaa| to, zloka kA artha hai ki jaba sama aura asama donoM vyAptiyA~ ( avinAbhAva ) eka sthAna para hI vidyamAna hoM aura sama (dhUma ) ke dvArA agni ( asama ) vyApta na kiyA jA sake to vaha hIna vyApti vAlA ( agni ) prayojaka nahIM hotA arthAt dhUma rUpI sAdhya kA sAdhaka ( hetu ) nahIM bana sakatA / kisI bhI taraha, samavyApti kI anivAryatA spaSTa hai| (12. vyAptijJAna aura upAdhijJAna meM anyonyAzraya doSa ) tatra vidhyadhyavasAyapUrvakatvAniSedhAdhyavasAyasya upAdhijJAne jAte tadabhAva viziSTasambandharUpavyAptijJAnaM, vyAptijJAnAdhInaM copAdhijJAna

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19 cArvAkadarzanam miti parasparAzrayavajraprahAradoSo vajralepAyate / tasmAdavinAbhAvasya durbodhatayA nAnumAnAdyavakAzaH // vidhi ( Affirmative ) kA nizcaya ho jAne ke bAda hI usake niSedha ( Negative ) kA nizcaya hotA hai, isalie upAdhijJAna ( vidhi ) ho jAne para ho isake niSedha ( abhAva ) se yukta sambandhavAlI vyApti kA jJAna hotA hai ( vyApti meM upAdhi kA abhAva honA cAhie isalie upAdhi kA jJAna ho jAne ke bAda hI vyApti kA jJAna saMbhava hai ) / dUsarI ora upAdhi kA jJAna bhI vyAptijJAna para nirbhara karatA hai (kyoMki upAdhi ke lakSaNa meM hI vyApti kI bAta AtI hai-- sAdhanAvyApakatve sati sAdhyasamavyApakaH Adhi: ) / isa prakAra anyonyAzraya-doSa-rUpI vajra prahAra [ virodhiyoM ke mukha para ] vajralepa ( simeMTa ke palastara ) ke samAna dRr3ha ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra avinAbhAva ( vyApti Universal Proposition ) durbodha hai aura anumAnAdi pramANoM kA koI sthAna nahIM / ( 13. laukika-vyavahAra aura vastue~ ) dhUmAdijJAnAnantaramagnyAdijJAne pravRttiH pratyakSamUlatayA bhrAntyA vA yujyate / kvacitphalapratilambhastu maNimantrauSadhAdivad yAdRcchikaH / atastatsAdhyamadRSTAdikamapi nAsti / nanvadRSTAniSTau jagadvaicitryamAkasmikaM syAditi cet -- na tadbhadram / svabhAvAdeva tadupapatteH / taduktam11. agniruSNo jalaM zItaM samasparzastathAnilaH / kenedaM citritaM tasmAtsvabhAvAttadvyavasthitiH // iti / dhUmAdi jAnane ke bAda agnyAdi jAnane kI jo pravRtti [ logoM meM dekhI jAtI ] hai vaha yA to pUrvakAla ke pratyakSa para AdhArita hai ( = pahale agni ko pratyakSa rUpa se dekhA thA, kucha dera ke bAda dhue~ ko dekhanese saMskAra jaga gayA aura manuSya agni ko yAda karate hue pravRtta hotA hai ), yA yaha bilkula bhrama hai ( = dhUma-agni ke sAhacarya se ko dhUma dekhakara agni kA bhrama hotA hai ) / kabhI-kabhI isase phala kI prApti ho jAtI hai, vaha to maNi, mantra, auSadha Adi ke samAna svAbhAvika hai ( arthAt maNisparza, mantra- prayoga aura auSadha sevana se kabhI kArya hotA hai, kabhI nahIM / kabhI-kabhI to inake binA bhI kArya kI siddhi ho jAtI hai / ) isalie anvayavyatireka kI vidhiyoM meM Thahara na sakane ( vyabhicarita hone) ke kAraNa inameM kArya-kAraNa- bhAva ( Causal relation ) nahIM hai / aizvaryAdi kI prApti maNisparza se nahIM, svabhAvataH hI hotI hai| rogAdi nivRtti bhI kabhI svabhAvataH, kabhI kisI vizeSa anna ke khAne se hotI hai isameM auSadhasevana kA kyA prayojana hai / phira bhI kAkatAlIya nyAya ( Accidental coincidence ) se hone vAle kArya ko ---

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe dekhakara loga inameM kAryakAraNabhAva mAna lete haiM / isI taraha dhUma aura agni meM bhI kArya - lete haiM ] / kAraNabhAva nahIM hai, loga mAna isalie usakA sAdhya adRSTa Adi kucha nahIM / ( kucha logoM ke anusAra acche aura bure karmoM se utpanna, puNya aura pApa ke rUpa meM adRSTa rahatA hai vahI aizvarya detA hai yA roga utpanna karatA hai / ise karmaphala bhI kahate haiM / aizvaryAdi kAryoM ko dekhakara adRSTakAraNa kI siddhi hotI hai jaise ghUmase agni / kintu jaba anumAna mAnate hI nahIM, aizvaryAdi svAbhAvika hI haiM taba adRSTa-rUpI kAraNa rahegA kyA khAkara ? ) aba, yadi prazna kare ki adRSTa yadi nahIM hai to saMsAra kI vicitratA to Akasmika ho jAyegI / nahIM, yaha ThIka nahIM hai-vaha to svabhAva se hI siddha (Self-evident) haiM / kahA bhI hai- 'agni uNa hai, jala zItala, vAyu samazItoSNa; yaha saba vicitratA kisane kI ? apanI-apanI prakRti se hI inakI vyavasthAyeM huI haiM / ' ( 14. cArvAka - mata-sAra ) tadetatsarvaM bRhaspati nApyuktam 20 12. na svargo nApavargo vA naivAtmA pAralaukikaH / naiva varNAzramAdInAM kriyAzca phaladAyikAH // 13. agnihotraM trayo vedAstridaNDaM bhasmaguNThanam / buddhipauruSahInAnAM jIvikA dhAtRnirmitA // 14. pazuzcennihataH svargaM jyotiSTome gamiSyati / svapitA yajamAnena tatra kasmAnna hiMsyate ? // 15. mRtAnAmapi jantUnAM zrAddhaM cettRptikAraNam / nirvANasya pradIpasya snehaH saMvardhayecchikhAm // bRhaspati ne bhI yaha saba kahA hai-na to svarga hai, na apavarga ( mokSa ) aura na paraloka meM rahane vAlI AtmA / varNa, Azrama Adi kI kriyAyeM bhI phala dene vAlI nahIM haiM // 12 // agnihotra, tInoM veda, tIna daNDa dhAraNa karanA aura bhasma lagAnA -- ye buddhi aura puruSArtha se rahita logoM kI jIvikA ke sAdhana haiM jinheM brahmA ne banAyA / / 13 / / yadi jyotiSToma yajJa meM mArA gayA pazu svarga jAyagA, to usa jagaha para yajamAna apane pitA ko hI kyoM nahIM mAra DAlatA ? // 14 // mare hue prANiyoM ko zrAddha se yadi tRpti mile 'bujhe hue dIpaka kI zikhA ko to tela avazya hI bar3hA degA / / 15 / / 1 1. tulanA kareM - viSNupurANa meM cArvAka-varNana ( 3 / 18 / 25 - 28 ) pR0 270 sihaM vAkyaM hiMsA dharmAya ceSyate / havIM vyanaladagdhAni phalAyetyarbhakoditam || yajJairanekairdevatvamavApyendreNa bhujyate / zamyAdi yadi cetkASThaM tadvaraM patrabhukpazuH // 7

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cArvAkadarzanam 16. gacchatAmiha jantUnAM vyarthaM pAyeyakalpanam / gehasthakRtazrAddhana pathi tRptiravAritA / / 17. svargasthitA yadA tRpti gaccheyustatra dAnataH / prAsAdasyoparisthAnAmatra kasmAnna dIyate ? // 18. yAvajjIvetsukhaM jIvedRNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pibet / bhasmIbhUtasya dehasya punarAgamana kutaH ? 19. yadi gacchetparaM lokaM dehAdeSa vinirgtH| __kasmAd bhUyo na cAyAti bandhusnehasamAkulaH ? // [videza ] jAne vAle logoM ke lie pAtheya ( mArga kA bhojana ) denA vyartha hai, ghara meM kiye gaye zrAddha se hI rAste meM tRpti mila jAyagI // 16 // svarga meM sthita (pitRgaNa ) yadi yahA~ dAna kara dene se tRpta ho jAte haiM to mahala ke Upara ( koThe para ) baiThe hue logoM ko yahIM para kyoM nahIM de dete haiM ? // 17 // jaba taka jInA hai sukha se jInA cAhie, RNa lekara bhI ghI pInA cAhie ( vilAsa kareM), kyoMki ( marane para ) bhasma ke rUpa meM pariNata zarIra phira [ saMsAra meM RNazodha ke lie ] kaise A sakatA hai ? // 18 // [yadi AtmA zarIra se pRthaka hai Ara zarIra se nikala kara dUsare loka meM calA jAtA hai taba bandhuoM ke prema se vyAkula hokara lauTa kyoM nahIM AtA ? // 19 // 20. tatazca jIvanopAyo braahmnnvihitstvih| mRtAnAM pretakAryANi na tvanyadvidyate kvacit // 21. yo vedasya kartAro bhnndddhuurtnishaacraaH| jarbharIturpharItyAdi paNDitAnAM vacaH smRtam / / nihatasya pazoryajJe svargaprAptiryadISyate / svapitA yajamAnena kinnu tasmAnna hanyate ? // tRptaye jAyate puMso bhuktamanyena cettataH / kuryAcchAddha zramAyAnnaM na vaheyuH pravAsinaH / / "hiMsA se bhI dharma hotA hai-yaha bAta kisI prakAra yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| agni meM havi jalAne se phala hogA -yaha bhI baccoM kI sI bAta hai| aneka-yajJoM ke dvArA devatva lAbha karake yadi indra ko zamI Adi kATha kA hI bhojana karanA par3atA hai to isase to patte khAne vAlA pazu hI acchA hai / yadi yajJa meM bali kiye gaye pazu ko svarga kI prApti hotI hai to yajamAna apane pitA ko hI kyoM nahIM mAra DAlatA ? yadi kisI anya puruSa ke bhojana karane se bhI kisI puruSa kI tRpti ho sakatI hai to videza-yAtrA ke samaya khAdyapadArtha le jAne kA parizrama karane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai; putragaNa ghara para hI zrAddha kara diyA kareM?"

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe22. azvasyAtra hi ziznaM tu patnIgrAmaM prakIrtitam / bhaNDastadvattaraM caiva pAhmajAtaM prakortitam / / mAMsAnAM khAdanaM tadvannizAcarasamIritam // iti // tasmAdvahanAM prANinAmanugrahArtha cArvAka-matamAzrayaNIyamiti ramaNIyam // iti zrImatsAyaNamAdhavIye sarvadarzanasaGgrahe cArvAkadarzanam // isalie brAhmaNoM dvArA banAyA huA yaha jIvikopAya hai-mRta vyaktiyoM ke sAre maraNottara kArya; isake atirikta ye saba kucha nahIM haiM // 20 // veda ke racayitA tIna haiMbhA~r3a, dhUrta (Thaga) aura rAkSasa / 'jarbharI, turpharI' Adi paNDitoM kI vANI samajhI jAtI hai // 21 // isa ( azvamedha ) meM ghor3e ke liGga ko palI dvArA grahaNa karAne kA vidhAna haiyaha saba grahaNa karane kA vidhAna bhA~r3oM kA kahA huA hai // 22 // [ yajJa meM ] mAMsa khAnA bhI rAkSasoM ( mAMsa ke premiyoM) kahA huA hai| isalie bahuta se prANiyoM ke kalyANa ke lie cArvAka-matakA Azraya lenA cAhie, yahI acchA hai| . isa prakAra sAyaNa-mAdhava ke banAye hue sarvadarzana-saMgraha meM cArvAka darzana samApta huaa| vizeSa-'jarbharI' Adi se cArvAkoM kA saMketa Rgveda ke isa mantra para hai sRNya'va jaroM turpharautU natozeva turpharI prphriikaa| udanyajeva jemanA maderU tA meM jarAsvajaraM marAyu // (10 / 106 / 6 ) he donoM azvinIkumAra ! Apa (saNyau iva) aMkuza ke yogya matta hAthI ke samAna haiM, ( jarI ) zarIra ko jhukAnevAle haiM, ( turpharItU ) mAranevAle haiM, (netozau iva ) atyanta santoSadAtA puruSa ke putroM ke samAna (turpharI ) zatruoM ke vinAzaka haiM aura (parpharIkA ) dhana se bharanevAle haiM / (udanyajI iva ) jala se utpanna vastuoM se nirmala haiM, (jemanA) vijaya karanevAle haiM, ( maderU) matta yA stavanIya haiM ( tA = tau ) ve donoM azvinIkumAra ( me ) mere ( jarAyu) bur3hApe se yukta ( marAyu ) maraNazIla zarIra ko (ajaraM ) jarAmaraNa rahita kara deN| iti bAlakavinomAzaGkareNa racitAyAM sarvadarzanasaGa grahasya prakAzAkhyAyAM vyAkhyAyAM cArvAkadarzanamavasitam //

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bauddha-darzanam zanvaM jagat kSaNikamAtramayAptaduHkhaM svasyaiva lakSaNamayaM tanute svabhAvam / / duHkhAditattvamakhilaM ca dideza deze buddhAya ziSyasahitAya namo'stu tasmai ||-RssiH ( 1. cArvAka-mata kA khaNDana-jyApti kI sugamatA ) atra bauddhairabhidhIyate yadabhyadhAyi, 'avinAbhAvo durbodha iti' tdsaadhiiyH| tAdAtmyatadutpattibhyAmavinAbhAvasya sujJAnatvAt / taduktam 1. kAryakAraNabhAvAdvA svabhAvAdvA niyAmakAt / avinAbhAvaniyamo'darzanAna na darzanAt // (pra0 vA0 1133 ) / iti / ___ isa ( vyApti ) ke viSaya meM bauddha loga kahate haiM-[ cArvAkoM ne ] jo yaha kahA hai ki avinAbhAva arthAt vyApti kA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA, vaha ThIka (siddha, tarkasammata ) nahIM / vyApti kA jJAna to tAdAtmya ( do vastuoM kI ekarUpatA ) tathA tadutpatti ( kAryakAraNa kA sambandha ) se AsAnI se ho sakatA hai| yahI kahA bhI hai-'kArya-kAraNa ke sambandha se athavA niyama rakhanevAle (= sAdhya-sAdhana kA avyabhicAra-sAkSAtsambandhasiddha karanevAle ) svabhAva ke dvArA avinAbhAva ( vyApti ) kA nirNaya hotA hai, adarzana ( vyatireka-eka ke na hone para dUsare kA na honA ) yA darzana ( anvaya-eka ke hone para dUsare kA honA ) se nhiiN|' [pramANa-vArtika meM vyApticintA-pariccheda ( 1933 ) meM yA nyAyabindu meM bhI yaha zloka milatA hai| donoM grantha dharmakIrti ke haiM ] ! vizeSa-avinAbhAva vyApti kA hI dUsarA nAma hai / isakI vyAkhyA pramANavArtika kI svavRtti meM isa prakAra hai-'kAryasya svabhAvasya ca liGgasyAvinAbhAvaH = sAdhyadharma vinA na bhavatItyarthaH' (pR0 87 ) arthAt avinAbhAva = kArya ( tadutpatti ) aura svabhAva ( tAdAtmya ) rUpI liGga kA sAdhya ke binA na dekhA jAnA / uparyukta zloka meM dharmakIti ne bauddhoM ke avinAbhAva kA nirNaya karanevAlI do vidhiyoM ( tAdAtmya aura tadutpatti) kA to pratipAdana kiyA hI hai, sAtha-sAtha naiyAyikoM kI vyApti kA nizraya karanevAlI anvaya aura vyatireka-vidhiyoM kA khaNDana bhI kara diyA hai| jo vastu kisI dUsarI vastu kI AtmA ( AtmarUpa ) hI hai vaha usake binA kaise ho sakatI hai? isalie hai, tAdAtmya arthAt niyAmaka svabhAva ko avinAbhAva kA kAraNa batalAyA gayA jaise-ziMzapA aura vRkSa meM tAdAtmya hai, zizapA vRkSatva se pRthak nahIM jA sktaa| kArya to kAraNa ke adhIna rahatA hai, kAraNa ke binA vaha sambhava nahIM-ataH isase bhI ( donoM vidhiyoM me) avinAbhAva kA nizcaya hotA hai| ise Age spaSTa kiyA gayA hai|

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ( 2. anvaya-dhyatireka se vyAptijJAna sambhava nahIM ) 'anvayavyatireko avinAbhAvanizcAyako' iti pakSe sAdhya-sAdhanayoravyabhicAro duravadhAraNo bhavet / bhUte bhaviSyati vartamAne cAnupalabhyamAne'rthe vyabhicArazaGkAyA anivAraNAt / nanu tathAvidhasthale tAvake'pi mate vyabhicArazaGkA duspariharA-iti cet ; maivaM vocH| vinApi kAraNaM kAryamutpadyatAmityevaMvidhAyAH zaGkAyA vyAghAtAvadhikatayA nivRttatvAt / tadeva hyAzaGkhyeta yasminnAzaGkhyamAne vyAghAtAdayo nAvatareyuH / taduktam-'vyAghAtAvadhirAzaGkA' ( kusu0 37 ) iti // ___ 'anvaya aura vyatireka-vidhiyA~ avinAbhAva ( vyAti ) kA nizcaya karatI haiM yadi naiyAyikoM ke ] isa pakSa ko svIkAra kareM to sAdhya ( Major term ) aura sAdhana ( hetu, liGga Middle term ) meM kabhI bhI vyabhicAra ( pArthakya ) nahIM hogA, yaha jAnanA bar3A kaThina ho jAyagA / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki [ yadyapi sannihita vartamAnakAla meM hama sAdhya-sAdhana kA sambandha sthira kara sakate haiM kintu ] bhUtakAla, bhavi ya ka.la yA anupasthita artha ( vastu ) vAle vartamAnaka.la meM vyabhicAra kI zaGkA haTAI nahIM jA sakatI ( sAmane Aye hue vartamAnakAla meM vyabhicAra nahIM ho sakatA kintu dUra ke kAla meM sAdhya-sAdhana kA sambandha nahIM bhI raha sakatA hai ) / [ naiyAyika loga pUcha sakate haiM ki ] aisI sthiti meM ( bhUta, bhaviSya aura dUravartI vartamAnakAla ke viSaya meM prazna uThAne para ) Apa [ bauddhoM ] ke mata meM bhI to vyabhicAra ( sAdhya-sAdhana ke nitya sambandha meM vyavadhAna ) hone kI zaGkA rahatI hI hai, use bacAnA bar3A kaThina hai| aisA prazna hone para [ hamArA uttara hogA ki ] aise mata kaho, kyoMki 'kAraNa ke binA bhI kArya utpanna ho jAyegA' isa prakAra kI zaGkA hone se usakI nivRtti vyAghAta ( viparIta udAharaNa, rukAvaTa,Contrary Instance ) mila jAne para ho hI jAyagI ( vyAghAta ho jAne se zaGkA kA avakAza nahIM rahatA ) kAraNa yaha hai ki zaGkA aisI hI kareM jisase vyAghAta ityAdi na mileN| [ udayanAcArya ne ] kahA bhI hai--'vyAghAta ke prApta hone ke samaya taka hI AzaGkA banI rahatI hai' ( nyA0 ku0 37 ) / vizeSa-kisI anumAna meM vyApti kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, jabataka sAdhya aura sAdhana meM sthAyI sambandha na dikhalAyA jAya, anumAna ho nahIM sktaa| pakSa (parvata ) meM sAdhya( agni ) ko siddha karane ke lie sAdhya ( agni ) aura sAdhana yA hetu (dhUma ) meM vyApti dikhalAnI par3atI hai| vyApti ko jAnane ke lie naiyAyikoM ke yahAM do vidhiyA~ haiM-( 1 ) anvaya ( Method of Agreement ) aura ( 2 ) vyatireka (Method of Difference ) udAharaNataH, ( 1 ) anvaya-vidhi-jahA~-jahA~ ( jaiserasoI ghara, kArakhAnA, cUlhA Adi meM ) dhUma hai, vahA~-vahA~ agni hai| isa taraha viziSTa

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bauddha darzanam udAharaNoM meM dhUma dekhakara agni kI sattA jAnakara donoM ke vyApti-sambandha ko anvaya-vidhi se jAnate haiM / ( 2 ) vyatireka vidhi - jahA~-jahA~ agni nahIM hai ( jaise jhIla, maidAna, nadI, bagIcA, Adi meM ) vahA~-vahA~ dhUma nahIM hai / ataH, eka ke abhAva vAle udAharaNoM meM dUsare kA bhI abhAva dekhakara donoM kA kArya-kAraNa sambandha jAna lenA vyatireka-vidhi hai / pAzcAtya tarka - zAstra ( Agamana) meM kArya-kAraNa sambandha sthApita karane ke pAMca niyama haiM - ( 1 ) Method of Agreement, ( sAhacarya kI vidhi ) ( 2 ) Method of Difference, ( bheda-vidhi ) ( 3 ) Joint Method of Agreement and Difference ( sAhacarya aura bheda kI saMyukta vidhi ) ( 4 ) Method of Concomitant Variation ( sahacArI vikAravidhi ) ( 5 ) Method of Residue ( avazeSa vidhi ) - inakI jAnakArI ke lie kisI tarkazAstra ( Agamana ) kI pustaka ko dekhA jAya / 25 sAdhya bauddha loga uparyukta donoM vidhiyoM ko isalie nahIM mAnate ki inase samIpavartI vartamAna kAla meM dekhe gaye udAharaNoM kA patA bhale laga sake kintu kAlAntara aura dezAntara meM vidyamAna padArthoM kI vyApti to nahIM ho sakatI / kabhI na kabhI dhUma aura agni meM vyabhicAra ( pArthakya ) ho hI jAyagA -- aisI saMbhAvanA hai ( sahacAra sAdhana kA niyata sambandha, vyabhicAra = donoM kA alaga ho jAnA ) / isa prakAra DeviDa - hyUma ke saMzayavAda ( Scepticism ) meM praveza kiyA jA sakatA hai / isase boddha logoM ne tAdAtmya aura tadutpatti ko hI vyApti kA sAdhana mAnA hai| isase bhI nistAra nahIM hai / jo AkSepa bauddha loga naiyAyikoM para lagAte haiM vahIM AkSepa bauddhoM para bhI laga sakatA hai / tadutpatti aura tAdAtmya ke dvArA vyApti jAnane meM bhI sAdhya - sAdhana ke sambandha viccheda kI sambhAvanA hai / kintu bauddha loga isa saMzayavAdI bhrama ko Ar3e hAthoM lete haiM / tarka aura vyAghAta kA Azraya lekara zaMkAoM ko dUra kiyA jA sakatA / tarka kA abhiprAya hai virodhI vAkya ko asiddha yA siddha karanA jaise - 'sabhI dhUmavAn padArtha agniyukta haiM' yadi vAkya ThIka nahIM to isakA virodhI ( Contradictory ) vAkya 'kucha dhUmavAna padArtha agniyukta haiM' avazya satya hai / isakA artha hai ki agni ke binA bhI dhUma ho sakatA hai ( vinApi kAraNaM kAryamutpadyatAm ) / lekina sAmAnya kArya-kAraNa- siddhAnta ( Universal Gausation ) se uparyukta tathya khaNDita ho jAyagA / artha yaha hogA ki binA kAraNa ke bhI kArya hone laga jAyagA ( smaraNIya hai ki dhUma kA eka mAtra kAraNa agni hI hai ) / yadi koI haThapUrvaka yaha kahanA zurU kara de ki kAraNa ke binA kArya hotA hai to yaha vyAvahArika asaMgati ( vyAghAta Practical absurdity ) ho jAyagI / yadi kArya kAraNa ke binA hotA hI hai to rasoI banAne ke lie Aga kI kyA AvazyakatA ? isa prakAra vyAghAta hone taka

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26 savasanasaMgrahe hI zaMkA rahatI hai| apanI kriyA ke vyAghAta se vyabhicAra kI zaMkA nahIM uThatI / isa vidhi ko pAzcAttya tarkazAstra meM Reductio ad absurdum ( vyAvahArika asaMgati dikhAnA ) kahate haiM jisameM virodhI vAkya ko mithyA siddha kara dete haiN| udayanAcArya kI kusumAJjali meM nimnalikhita zloka hai zaGkA cedanumAstyeva na cecchaGkA tatastarAm / vyAghAtAbadhirAzaGkA tarkaH zaGkAvadhirmataH // ( nyA0 ku0 37 ) ( anumA = anumAna ) / yaha anumAna ko siddha karane vAlI kArikA hai jisameM anumAna se vyabhicAra kI zaMkA kA sambandha batalAyA gayA hai| zaMkA ho yA nahIM, anumAna donoM sthitiyoM meM haiM / yadi zaMkA (= dezAntara yA kAlAntara meM sAdhya-sAdhana ke bIca upAdhi yA vyabhicAra hone kI AzaMkA ) rahe to bhI anumAna siddha hotA hai kyoMki anumAna-pramANa se hI upAdhi yA vyabhicAra kA jJAna hotA hai ( bhale hI isake lie dUsare anumAna kI AvazyakatA hai, para vaha hai to anumAna hI na ? ) / agara zaMkA nahIM ho taba to aura bhI Ananda, kyoMki aba to zaMkA dUra karane kI bhI jarUrata nahIM hai / zaMkA kI avadhi tarka ko hI mAnA gayA hai| tarka zaMkA kA nivartaka hai / ise hama Upara dekha cuke haiN| lekina tarka meM bhI vyApti kI AvazyakatA par3egI aura phira dUsarA tarka khojanA par3egA jisase anavasthA-doSa ( Argumentum ad Infinitum ) utpanna ho jaaygaa| isalie vyAghAta ( vyAvahArika asaMgati ) kA Azraya lenA pdd'egaa| tarkamUla vyApti meM jaba apanI kriyA kA vyAghAta yA asaMgati AvegI taba vyabhicAra-zaMkA samApta ho jAyagI-punaH dUsare tarka kI AvazyakatA nahIM / isalie zaMkA kI avadhi vyAghAta hai / zaMkA tabhI taka hai jaba taka vyAghAta nahIM miltaa| ( 3. tadutpatti se avinAbhAva kA jJAna-paJcakAriNI) tasmAttadutpattinizcayenAvinAbhAvo nizcIyate / tadutpattinizcayazca kAryahetvoH pratyakSopalambhAnupalambhapaJcakanibandhanaH / kAryasyotpatteH prAganupalambhaH, kAraNopalambhe sati upalambhaH, upalabdhasya pazcAtkAraNAnupalambhAvanupalambhaH iti paJcakAraNyA dhUmadhUmadhvajayoH kAryakAraNabhAvo nizcIyate // - isalie tadutpatti ( kArya-kAraNa-sambandha ) ke nizcaya ke dvArA avinAbhAva ( vyApti) kA nizcaya hotA hai / tadutpatti kA nizcaya kArya aura hetu ( kAraNa ) ke pratyakSa upalambha (prApti ) aura anupalambha ( aprApti ) rUpI pA~ca [ avayavoM ] para nirbhara karatA hai / ( do bAra upalambha aura tIna bAra anupalambha ) / dhUma aura dhUmadhvaja ( agni ) meM kAryakAraNa-sambandha ina pA~ca kAraNoM kI samanviti se nizcita kiyA jAtA hai-(1) utpatti

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upalambha baura-rzanam 27 hone ke pahale kArya kA nahIM prApta honA, (2) kAraNa kI prApti hone para, (3) [ kAryakA ] prApta honA / (4) [ kArya ] prApta hone ke bAda kAraNa kA prApta nahIM honA aura jisake phalasvarUpa (5) [ kArya kA ] prApta nahIM honA / vizeSa-bauddhoM ne anvaya-vyatireka kI vidhiyoM ko hI tor3a-mor3a kara paMcakAraNIvidhi kA nirmANa kiyA hai| vaisI koI isameM navInatA nahIM miltii| kArya aura kAraNa kI aprApti aura prApti-donoM se pAMca avayava ( Combinations ) nikAle gaye haiN| aprApti se tIna avayava aura prApti se do| ina pAMcoM ko milAne ke bAda hI kAryakAraNa kA nirNaya hotA hai, pRthak-pRthak nahIM / inheM isa prakAra samajheM anupalambha (1) utpatti ke pUrva kAryAnupalambha (4) kAraNopalambha honepara( 2 ) kAraNAnupalambha hone para- ( 5 ) kaaryoplmbh,| ( 3 ) kAryAnupalambha / hama dekhate haiM ki ( 1 ) [ dhUma kI ] utpatti hone ke pahale dhUma kA jJAna nahIM hotA, aba ( 2 ) agni dekha rahe haiM to ( 3 ) dhUma kA bhI jJAna hotA hai| dhUma kA jJAna ho jAne para jaba ( 4 ) agni kI sattA nahIM rahe to vaisI avasthA meM ( 5 ) dhUma kI bhI sattA miTa jAtI hai / ina pAMca avasthAoM se pAra karane ke bAda dhUma-dhUmadhvaja ( agni ) meM kAryakAraNa kA nirdhAraNa ho jAtA hai| (4. tAdAtmya se avinAbhAva kA jJAna ) tathA tAdAtmyanizcayenApyavinAbhAvo nishciiyte| 'yadi zizA vRkSatvamatipatet', svAtmAnameva jahyAditi vipakSe baadhkprvRtteH| apravRtte tu bAdhake bhUyaH sahabhAvopalambhe'pi vyabhicArazaGkAyAH ko nivArayitA? zizapAvRkSayozca tAdAtmyanizcayo 'vRkSo'yaM zizapeti' samAnAdhikaraNyabalAdupapadyate / na hyatyantAbhede tatsaMbhavati / paryAyatvena yugapatprayogAyogAt / nApyatyantAbhede, gavAzvayoranupalambhAt / tasmAtkAryAtmAnau kAraNAtmAnau anumApayata iti siddham // isI prakAra tAdAtmya kA nizcaya karane ke bAda bhI avinAbhAva kA nizcaya hotA hai / [ udAharaNa svarUpa, "ziMzapA vRkSa hai' isa udAharaNa meM zizapA aura vRkSa meM tAdAtmyasambandha hai, donoM kI AtmA, AdhAra yA dharma eka hI-vRkSatva hai| zizapA meM bhI vRkSatva ( vRkSa kA sAmAnya dharma ) hai aura vRkSa meM bhI / donoM ke sAmAnya dharma eka hI haiM ] / yadi isa prakAra virodhI vAkya ( vipakSa-vAkya ) kahA jAya ki 'yadi ziMzapA vRkSatva kA atikramaNa kara diyA jAya ( = usase pRthak ho ) to bAdhaka-vAkya ( asaMgati ) kI

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28 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe pravRtti ho jAyagI ki taba to yaha ( ziMzapA) apanI AtmA yA sAmAnya dharma ko hI choDa degaa| [ abhiprAya yaha hai ki tAdAtmya-sambandha dikhAne vAle vAkya 'zizapA ke dharma vRkSa ke dharma haiM' kA vipakSI-vAkya 'ziMzapA vRkSa nahIM hai" rakhane para asaMgati ho jAyagI taba to zizapA kA apanA dharma bhI sAtha nahIM degA-ataH tAdAtmya dvArA avinAbhAva svIkAra karanA hI pdd'egaa| ] yadi daivAt asaMgati (bAdhaka ) na bhI Ave aura punaH sahacAra ( sadA sAtha rahanA ) kA upalambha ( prApti ) bhI ho to vyabhicAra kI zaMkA ko kauna bacA sakatA hai ? zizapA aura vRkSa meM tAdAtmya-sambandha kA nizcaya samAnAdhikaraNatA ke bala se siddha hotA hai / ( samAnAdhikaraNa-eka hI AdhAra honA, jaise ziMzapA aura vRkSa donoM kA adhikaraNa vRkSatva hai ) ki, 'yaha vRkSa zizapA hai'| tAdAtmya-sambandha do padArthoM ke atyanta abheda ( eka hI padArtha kA bodhaka ) hone para sambhava nahIM hai| [ jaise--'yaha ghaTa-ghaTa hai isa udAharaNa meM donoM pRthaka nahIM haiM aura isalie ] paryAyavAcI hone ke kAraNa donoM kA eka sAtha prayoga nahIM ho sakatA ('yaha ghaTa-ghaTa hai' kA prayoga nahIM ho sktaa)| aura na donoM ke atyanta-bheda ( eka-dUsare se pRthak honA Mutual exclusion ) hone para hI yaha sambhava hai kyoMki vaisI dazA meM 'gau azva hai' [ isakA prayoga hone lagegA ] jo prApta ( saMgata ) nhiiN| isalie yaha siddha huA ki kArya ( kArya-kAraNa sambandha se ) tathA AtmA ( tAdAtmya sambandha se ) kramazaH kAraNa aura AtmA kA anumAna karate haiM ( kArya se kAraNa kA anumAna tadutpatti dvArA aura AtmA kA anumAna tAdAtmya dvArA hotA hai ) / vizeSa-tAdAtmya kA artha hai usake svarUpa meM rahanA, do vastuoM kA abheda sambandha / jaba do vastuoM meM dharma samAna rahatA hai jaise-nara aura prANI meM 'prANitva' to donoM ke bIca tAdAtmya sambandha samajhA jAtA hai / isakA dUsarA dyotaka zabda hai sAmAnAdhikaraNya = eka hI AdhAra para TikA rahanA, eka vibhakti meM hI rahanA jaise-vRkSo'yaM ziMzapA / zAbdika dRSTi se yahA~ vRkSa aura ziMzapA meM samAnAdhikaraNatA ( samavibhaktitva ) hai kintu arthadRSTi se donoM meM 'vRkSatva' nAmaka sAmAnya dharma hone se tAdAtmya-saMbaMdha hai / tAdAtmya-saMbaMdha na to padArthoM meM atyanta bheda hone para hI ho sakatA hai ( jaise-'azvo'yaM mahiSaH' nahIM kaha sakate yadyapi donoM meM 'pazutva' sAmAnya-dharma hai ) aura na atyanta abheda hI rahane para ( jaise azvo'yaM ghoTakaH' nahIM kaha sakate kyoMki donoM paryAya hI haiM ) / smaraNIya hai ki kevala bauddha loga hI tAdAtmya dvArA avinAbhAva sthApita karane kI ceSTA karate haiN| (5. anumAna kA khaNDana karane vAloM ko uttara ) yadi kazcitprAmANyamanumAnasya nAGgokuryAttaM prati brUyAt-anumAnaM

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bauddha-darzanam pramANaM na bhavatItyetAvanmAtramucyate, tatra na kiMcana sAdhanamupanyasyate, upanyasyate vA ? na prthmH| aziraskavacanasyopanyAse saadhyaasiddhH| 'ekAkinI pratijJA hi pratijJAtaM na sAdhayet / ' iti nyAyAt / nApi crmH| anumAnaM pramANaM na bhavatIti bravANena vacanapramANamanabhyupagacchatA tvayA svaparakIyazAstre prAmANyenopagRhItasya vacanasyopanyAse mama mAtA vandhyetivad vyAghAtApAtAt // yadi [ itanA hone para bhI ] koI vyakti anumAna-pramANa kI prAmANikatA svIkAra nahIM karatA hai to usase isa prakAra [ dvividhAtmaka Dilemmatic ] prazna pUche- "Apa kevala 'anumAna-pramANa nahIM hai' itanA bhara kahate haiM, isameM koI hetu ( sAdhana, pramANa) upasthita nahIM karate haiM yA karate haiM ?" ( 1 ) yadi pahalI bAta [ para ar3ate haiM to ] ThIka nhiiN| kisI siddhAnta ko binA kAraNa ke rakhane meM ] binA sira yA hetu ke vAkya upasthita karane meM sAdhya ( Major term ) kI siddhi hotI hI nhiiN| ( anumAna meM kisI vAkya ko nigamana meM rakhane ke lie ucita aura upAdhihIna hetu kI AvazyakatA hai, usake nahIM rahane se anumAna nahIM hogaa| parvata meM agni ( sAdhya ) siddha karane ke lie usameM dhUmattva ( hetu sAdhana ) rakhanA hI par3egA / aziraska-vacana = binA sAdhana kA vAkya, aprAmANika bAta ) / nyAya ( ukti) bhI hai-akelI pratijJA ( svIkRti ) svIkRta vastu ko siddha nahIM karatI' ( = kevala siddhAnta rakha dene se ki anumAna pramANa nahIM hai yaha siddha nahIM ho jAyagA pratyuta isake lie sAdhana denA pdd'egaa| yadi sAdhana nahIM dete to Apako yaha bAta galata ho jAyagI ki anumAna pramANa nahIM hai arthAt anumAna kA Apa bhI pramANa svIkRta kreNge|) (2) dUsarA pakSa [ ki anumAna ko pramANa na mAnane ke lie sAdhana denA cAhieyaha ] bhI ThIka nahIM / kAraNa yaha hai ki jaba Apa loga kahate haiM-'anumAna pramANa nahIM hotA hai' taba to vacana ( = zabda-pramANa ) ko bhI svIkAra nahIM hI karate haiM, ( kyoMki anumAna-pramANa mAnane ke bAda hI Apta-puruSoM kI bAta-zabda-pramANa ko svIkRta kara sakate haiM ) / dUsarI ora ApakI sthiti hai ki apane se bhinna dUsaroM ke zAstroM meM pramANarUpa se svIkRta 'vacana' yA zabda-pramANa kA upayoga kara rahe haiM ( yadi Apa anumAna ko pramANa nahIM mAnakara kucha sAdhana dete haiM to dUsaroM kI lIka para calane kA doSAropaNa Apa para hogaa| kama-se-kama nyAyazAstra kI vidhi ko pramANika mAnanA hogA aura usakI bAtoM ko yathAvat svIkAra karanA zabda-pramANa ko mAnanA hai)| aisA karane para vyAvahArika asaMgati hogI jaisI 'merI mAtA vaLyA hai' isa vAkya hotI hai| ( abhiprAya yaha hai ki yadi mAtA hai to vanvyA nahIM, yadi vanyyA hai to mAtA nahIM / donoM kI sthiti eka dazA meM asambhava hai / usI prakAra anumAna ko pramANa nahIM mAnate to zabda ko bhI nahIM

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- sarvadarzanasaMgrahemAnanA hogA lekina ye pUrvapakSI-cArvAka Adi-anumAna kI prAmANikatA kATane ke lie aura bhI bar3e pramANa-pratyakSa se dUra pramANa zabda kA Azraya lete haiM, yaha vyAvahArika asaMgati hai)| kiM ca pramANatadAbhAsavyavasthApanaM tatsamAnajAtIyatvAditi vadatA bhavataiva svIkRtaM svabhAvAnumAnam / paragatA vipratipattistu vacanaliGganeti bruvatA kAryaliGgakamanumAnam / anupalabdhyA kaJcidarthaM pratiSedhayatAnupalabdhiliGgakamanumAnam / tathA coktaM tathAgataiH 2. pramANAntarasAmAnyasthiteranyadhiyo gteH| pramANAntarasadbhAvaH pratiSedhAcca kasyacit / / iti / parAkrAntaM cAtra sUribhiriti granthabhUyastvabhayAduparamyate / yahI nahIM, [ tIna taraha ke anumAna to Apa svayaM svIkAra karate haiM / ] pramANa aura pramANAbhAsa kI vyavasthA usake sAmAnajAtIya hone ke kAraNa hotI hai-yaha kahate hue Apa hI svabhAvAnumAna ko svIkAra karate haiM / pramANa aura (pramANAbhAsa kI vyavasthArAha meM jAte hue jaba jala dikhalAI par3atA hai taba yaha jalajJAna pramANa hai ki pramANabhAsa, aisA sandeha hotA hai / agara ThIka nikalA to pramANa mAneMge kyoMki, 'yathArthAnubhavaH pramA', aura 'pramAyAH karaNaM pramANam' / yadi jala nahIM milA to pramANAbhAsa maaneNge| yaha nirNaya kaise kareMge ? vidhi svabhAvAnumAna kI hogI aura sAdhana rahegA samAnajAtIyatva / (1) pramANa-jaba eka bAra aisA jJAta huA thA taba usameM jala nikalA thA, isa bAra bhI usI taraha kA yA samAnajAtIya jJAna hai, yaha jalajJAna bhI pramANa hai| yaha nizcaya svabhAvAnumAna se Apa karate haiM, dUsarI ora, (2) pramANAbhAsa-jaba eka bAra aisA jJAna huA thA to jala nahIM milA thA, isa bAra bhI sajAtIya hone se jala nahIM milegA--ataH yaha bhI pramANAbhAsa hai| yahA~ bhI svabhAvAnumAna kI AvazyakatA par3I / svabhAvAnumAna meM pakSa, sAdhya aura liMga tathA tIna avayava-vAkya rahate haiM / ) dUsare 'virodhiyoM kI viparIta sammati (viruddha siddhAnta yA jJAna ) kA jJAna unake vacana-rUpI liMga yA sAdhana se hotA hai' yaha kahakara [ Apa ] kArya ko dekhakara kAraNa ko jAnanevAlA 'kAryaliMgaka' anamAna bhI svIkAra karate haiN| [ abhiprAya yaha hai ki koI bhI vyakti apane jJAna ke anusAra ho bolatA hai| jJAna kAraNa hai aura usake vacana kArya / cArvAka loga parapakSiyoM ke zabdoM ko sunakara unakI mAnyatAoM kA anumAna kara lete haiM / yaha bhI anumAna hI huA, bhale hI isameM kArya ( vacana ) liMga yA hetu kA kAma kara rahA hai| vipakSiyoM kI vipratipatti (viruddha siddhAnta ) sAdhya hai| ] tIsare, jaba Apa kisI vastu kI anupalabdhi yA abhAva dekhate haiM tathA usake AdhAra para kisI padArtha kI sattA kA niSedha karate haiM ( jaise--AkAzatattva, AtmA, mokSa, para -

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bauddha-varzanam 31 loka Adi kA ), to yahA~ bhI Apa anumAna kA sahArA le rahe haiM jisakA liGga hai abhAva | ( abhAvake AdhAra para hI Apa ina vastuoM kA niSedha karate haiM / phira anumAna ko khaNDita karane meM tuka hI kyA rahA ? jaba tIna-tIna prakAra ke anumAna Apa dhar3Adhar3a de rahe haiM phira kaise kahate haiM ki anumAna hai hI nahIM ? ) / isalie tathAgata ( buddha ) ke anuyAyiyoM ne kahA hai - ( 1 ) dUsare pramANa ( anumAna ) meM sAmAnya ( samAna jAtIyatA ) kI sthiti hone ke kAraNa, ( 2 ) dUsare kI sammati meM gati yA usakA anumAna karane ke kAraNa tathA ( 3 ) kisI ke pratiSedha ke kAraNa - dUsare anumAna pramANa kI sattA [ svIkAra karanI par3atI ] hai / Upara kaheM tInoM prakAra ke anumAnoM kA saMgraha isa zloka meM huA hai / ) isa viSaya para vidvAnoM ne bahuta vicAra-vimarza kiyA hai isaliye yahA~ grantha bar3A ho jAne ke bhaya se rukA jAya / ( 6. bauddhadarzana ke cAra bheda - bhAvanA - catuSTaya ) te ca bauddhAzcatuvidhayA bhAvanayA paramapuruSArthaM kathayanti / te ca mAdhyamika - yogAcAra - sautrAntika- vaibhASikasaMjJAbhiH prasiddhA bauddhA yathAkramaM sarvazUnyatva - bAhyArthazUnyatva- bAhyArthAnumeyatvabAhyArthapratyakSatvavAdAnAtiSThante / yadyapi bhagavAnbuddhaH eka eva bodhayitA tathApi boddhavyAnAM buddhibhedAccAtuvidhyam / yathA 'gato'stamarkaH' ityukte jAracaurAnUcAnAdayaH sveSTAnusAreNAbhisaraNaparasvaharaNasadAcaraNAdisamayaM budhyante / sarvaM kSaNikaM kSaNika, duHkhaM duHkhaM, svalakSaNaM svalakSaNaM, zUnyaM zUnyamiti bhAvanAcatuSTayamupadiSTaM draSTavyam / / ye bauddha loga cAra prakAra kI bhAvanA ( dRSTikoNa ) se parama puruSArtha kA varNana karate haiM / ye bauddha mAdhyamika, yogAcAra, sautrAntika aura vaibhASika ke nAma se prasiddha haiM tathA kramazaH ina vAdoM yA sAmAnya siddhAntoM para ar3e hue haiM - saba kucha zUnya honA ( mAdhyamika ), bAhya-padArthoM kA zUnya honA ( yogAcAra ), bAhya-padArthoM kA anumAna se jJAna honA ( sautrAntika) aura bAhya-padArthoM kA pratyakSa se jJAna honA ( vaibhASika ) / yadyapi samajhAnevAle bhagavAn buddha eka hI the phira bhI samajhanevAle pAtroM ke buddhi-bheda se ye cAra prakAra bana gaye / jisa prakAra 'sUrya DUba gayA' aisA kahane cora aura anUcAna ( vedapAThI ) Adi apanI-apanI 1 para jAra ( upapati, premI), icchA ke anusAra abhisaraNa ( preyasI se milane ke lie saMketa sthala para jAnA ), paradhana kA haraNa aura sadAcaraNa - Adi ke samaya samajha lete haiM / dekhanA cAhie ki cAroM bhAvanAeM ( yA dRSTikoNa ) isa prakAra upadiSTa huI haiM( 1 ) saba kucha kSaNika hai kSaNika, (2) saba kucha duHkha hai duHkha, ( 3 ) saboM kA lakSaNa apane Apa meM hai tathA (4) saba kucha zUnya hai zUnya /

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32 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe vizeSa-bauddha-darzana ke suprasiddha cAra sampradAyoM kA varNana yahA~ huA hai / yadyapi Age hameM inakA vistRta varNana milegA kintu yahA~ saMkSepa meM kucha jAna lenA Avazyaka hai| (1) mAdhyamika ( zUnyavAda Nihilism )-yaha mata nAgArjuna ( 2rI zatI I0 ) se sambaddha hai jinake mAdhyamika-zAstra (kArikA ) ke anusAra saMsAra asat yA zUnya hai-draSTA, dRzya, darzana sabhI svapna ke samAna bhrama haiM / phira bhI zUnya kA abhiprAya aisA sat hai jo catuSkoTi ( sat, asat, sadasat, asannAsat ) se vilakSaNa, anirvacanIya hai / vyAvahArika vastueM sabhI zUnya yA asat haiM kintu unako pRSThabhUmi meM aisI sattA hai hai jo anaupAdhika aura avikRta hai / mAdhyamika kArikA ( 117 ) meM kahA gayA hai __ na sannAsanna sadasanna cApyanubhayAtmakam / catuSkoTivinimuktaM tattvaM mAdhyamikA viduH / / smaraNIya hai ki zaMkarAcArya ne anubhayAtmaka ke alAve sabhI ko svIkAra kara brahma kI zakti mAyA ko koTitrayazUnya kahA hai jisake phalasvarUpa kaTTara hinduoM ne unheM 'pracchanna ( chipA huA ) bauddha' kI saMjJA de rakhI thii| unake anusAra mAyA 'sannApyasannApyubhayAtmikA no' (vive0 cUDA0 ) hai| (2) yogAcAra ( Subjective idealism )-diGa nAga, dharmakIrti, asaMga Adi AcAryoM kI chatracchAyA meM yaha sampradAya phalatA-phUlatA rahA hai| isake anusAra bAhya artha to zUnya hai, kintu citta jo sabhI vastuoM kA jJAtA hai, kabhI bhI asat nahIM ho sakatA anyathA hamAre jJAna bhI asat ho jAyaMge / mana ke dvArA gRhIta sabhI padArtha dhAraNAmAtra ( Ideas ) haiM / mAnasika dhAraNAeM hI bAhya vastuoM ke rUpa meM bhramavat dRSTigocara hotI haiN| viSayI ( Subject ) hI bAhya-vastuoM para apanI tatsambandhI dhAraNAoM kA AropaNa karatA hai ( Subjective idealism ) / isa vicAra meM aMgreja dArzanika barkale se yaha mata milatA hai| isakA dUsarA nAma vijJAnavAda bhI hai jisameM vijJAna yA zuddha caitanya hI ekamAtra sat hai| isa mata meM citta ke ATha prakAra haiMcakSurvijJAna Adi vaibhASikoM ke sammata 6 vijJAna, manovijJAna aura AlayavijJAna / isa mata kA prasiddha grantha hai--laMkAvatArasUtra / (3) sautrAntika ( Representation.... )-uparyukta donoM sampradAya jahA~ mahAyAna ke haiM, sautrAntika aura vaibhASika hInayAna ke bheda haiN| sautrAntika kA vizeSa sambandha sUtra-piTaka se hai| isake anusAra mAnasika aura bAhya donoM padArtha sat haiM yadyapi bAhya-padArthoM kA jJAna anumAna se hotA hai| unake pratyakSa ke lie viSaya, citta, indriyA~ tathA sahAyaka tattvoM ( jaise prakAza, AkAra )--ina cAra vastuoM kI apekSA hai| inake paraspara milane se mana meM utpanna honevAle viSaya kA vicAra ( Idea ) yA anukRti ( Copy ) prApta hotI hai / isa prakAra bAhya vastue~ mana meM rahanevAle viSaya ke vicAroM

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bauddha-darzanam ( Idea ) ke pratinidhimAtra haiM / mAnasika dhAraNAoM se hI mana bAhya-padArthoM kA anumAna kara letA hai| kevala vartamAnakAla kI sattA ye loga mAnate haiN| vaibhASika loga sabhI kAloM ko sattA mAnane ke kAraNa 'sarvAstivAdI' kahalAte haiN| vijJAnavAdiyoM ke khaNDana meM ye usI prakAra dattacitta haiM jisa prakAra barkale ( Berkeley ) ke khaNDana meM mUra (Moore) / mUra kA siddhAnta vastuvAdI ( Realistic ) hai / jaba ki barkale AtmaniSTha vicAravAdI ( Sudjective Idealist ) haiN| sautrAntika mata bahata kucha lauka ( Locke ) kI 'vicAroM kI anukRti' ( Copy theory of ideas ) se milatA hai / (4) vaibhASika ( Direct Realism )-bAharI vastuoM ko anumeya na mAnakara ve pUrNatayA pratyakSagamya mAnate haiM kyoMki jaba taka unakA pratyakSa na ho, unakI sattA kisI dUsare sAdhana se siddha nahIM ho sktii| pahale se agni kA pratyakSa jisa vyakti ne nahIM kiyA hai, kabhI bhI dhUma ke AdhAra para usakA anumAna nahIM kara sktaa| bAhya padArthoM se samparka nahIM rahane para manojagat meM kabhI bhI bAharI cIja kI dhAraNA nahIM bana sktii| isalie yA to vijJAnavAda mAneM yA bAhya vastuoM kA sAkSAtpratyakSa mAneM / abhidharmadarzana se hI vaibhASika-sampradAya kA AvirbhAva huA hai| mAdhyamika = pUrNa asat yA pUrNa sat ko asvIkAra kara donoM kI sopAdhika sattA mAnanevAlA madhyama-mArga kA avalambana karanevAlA ( donoM ke bIca ke mArga para calanevAlA ) / yogAcAra - yoga ( cittavRtti kI pravINatA ) aura AcAra kA samanvaya karanevAlA / yoga ke dvArA mAnasika sattA ( Alaya-vijJAna ) ko ho svIkAra karake bAhya padArthoM meM vizvAsa haTA denA / sautrAntika-sutta-piTaka se sambaddha, isake bahuta se graMtha suttAnta nAma se hI vikhyAta haiN| vaibhASika-vibhASA ( abhidharma-mahAvibhASA ) nAmaka graMtha meM inake siddhAnta pratipAdita haiM isalie yaha nAma inakA pdd'aa| ___ isake bAda cAroM bhAvanAoM para pRthak vicAra kiyA gayA hai tathA kSaNikatva bhAvanA ke anupama hone ke kAraNa usa para kucha adhika vistArapUrvaka vicAra hai / (7. kSaNikatva kI bhAvanA--arthakriyAkAritva ) tatra kSaNikatvaM nIlAdikSaNAnAM sattvenAnumAtavyaM yatsattakSaNikaM, yathA jaladharapaTalaM, santazcAmI bhAvA iti / na cAyamasiddho hetuH, arthakriyAkAritvalakSaNasya sattvasya nolAdikSaNAnAM pratyakSasiddhatvAt / vyApakavyAvRtyA vyApyavyAvRttiriti nyAyena vyApakakramAkramavyAvRttau akSaNikAtsattvavyAvRtteH siddhatvAcca / taccArthakriyAkAritvaM kramAtramAbhyAM vyAptam / na ca kramAkramAbhyAmanyaH prakAraH saMbhavati / 3. parasparavirodhe hi na prkaaraantrsthitiH| nakatApi viruddhAnAmuktimAtravirodhataH // (kusu0 3 / 8) iti nyAyena vyAghAtasyodghaTatvAt / / 3 sa0 saM0

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34 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ina bhAvanAoM meM kSaNikatva-bhAvanA kA anumAna nIla Adi kSaNoM ( = kSaNika padArthoM kI sattA dekhakara karanA cAhie / [ cUMki nIla Adi padArtha kSaNika haiM isalie eka sAdhAraNa kSaNikatva kI bhAvanA mAna lenI caahie| isa bhAvanA kA sAdhaka anumAna isa prakAra hogA ]-jisakI sattA hai vaha kSaNika hai, jaise ( udAharaNa )-meghamaNDala / [ aba cUMki sAmane dikhalAI par3anevAle ] ina bhAvoM kI sattA hai, [ isalie ye bhAva bhI kSaNika hoMge ] / yaha nahIM kaha sakate ki uparyukta anumAna meM hetu ( 'sattA' ) asiddha hai / ( asiddha hetu uge kahate haiM jo vyavahArataH asaMgata kAraNa ho, sAdhya kI taraha hI hetu ko bhI siddha karane kI AvazyakatA par3e / nyAyadarzana meM isa hetvAbhAsa ko sAdhyasama kahA gayA hai, navya naiyAyikoM ne asiddha mAnakara isake tIna bheda kiye haiM / yahA~ para kucha loga sandeha karate haiM ki 'yat mA tat kSaNikam' meM vastuoM kA 'sat' honA hI asiddha hai kyoMki sabhI dArzanika padArtho ko sattAvAn nahIM maante| lekina isa 'sat' rUpI hetu ko asiddha mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai-graMthakAra aisA kahate haiM / asiddha isalie nahIM mAnate ki satva (sattA) meM prayojanamUlaka kArya karane kI kSamatA rahatI hai ( arthakriyAkAritva = koI bhI kAma kisI uddezya yA artha se kiyA jAtA hai, ukta prakAra ke kArya karane kI zakti jaba rahe tabhI sA hotA hai ); yaha satva nIla Adi kSa.Naka padArthoM ke pratyakSa se hI siddha hotA hai [ satva kA lakSaNa 'arthakriyAkArI honA' pratyakSa pramANa se siddha hotA hai jaba ki hama nIla Adi padArthoM ko kSaNika pAte haiM-nIla Adi padArtha kSaNa bhara meM apanI arthasAdhaka kriyA karake naSTa ho jAte haiM, isalie Upara ke anumAna meM bhAvoM kA sat honA asiddha hetu nahIM ] / dUsarA kAraNa :-eka niyama hai ki vyApaka ( vyApta karanevAlA) kA niSkAsana ( vyAvartana ) karane se vyApya kA bhI niSkAsana ( exclusion ) hotA hai ( vyApaka meM nahIM rahanevAlI vastu vyApya meM bhI nahIM rahatI ), isa niyama ke dvArA vyApaka padArtha se krama ( Age-pIche honA ) aura akrama ( sAtha-sAtha honA ) kA niSkAsana ( vyAvRti ) bhI karane para, kSaNika honevAlI vastuoM se sattA kA niSkAsana bhI siddha hotA hai| [ abhiprAya yaha hai ki vyApaka se kisI ko alaga karanA vyApya se bhI use alaga kara denA hai, aba vyApaka se krama-akrama ( jo arthakriyAkAritva yA sattA ko vyApta karatA hai ) ko pRthaka kara dete haiM isase svabhAvataH akSaNika ( vyApya ) vastuoM se sattA pRthak ho jAtI hai .:. kSaNika sat hai kyoMki akSaNika se sat vyAvRtta hotA hai| isase 'yatsattatkSaNika' siddha hotA hai aura uparyukta anamAna hetu ke ThIka rahane se ucita pratIta hotA hai|] __ yaha sArthaka kArya karane kI zakti (jise yahA~ para satA kahA jA rahA hai ) krama (pUrvAparatA ) tathA akrama ( eka sAtha honA ) se vyApta hai aura krama tathA akrama ke bIca tIsarA vikalpa bhI sambhava nahIM hai| vaisA karane para nimnalikhita niyama ke anusAra vyAvahArika dRSTi se vikaTa asaMgati ho jAyagI-"Apasa meM virodhI [ padArthoM ] ke

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bauddha-darzanam 35 bIca kisI tIsare prakAra ( vikala ) kI sattA nahIM ho sktii| vacana meM hI virodha hone ke kAraNa virodhiyoM ( viruddha padArthoM ) meM kabhI bhI ekatA nahIM hotii| [ Azaya yaha hai ki krama aura akrama paraspara virodhI haiM, donoM ke bIca meM tIsare vikalpa kI AzaMkA nahIM hai jo arthakriyAkAritva ko vyApta kara sake / kisI vastu kI sattA yA to kramika hogI = Age-pIche karake yA akramika arthAt eka sAtha hI hogii| bAda meM yaha dikhalAyA jAyagA ki ye donoM krama aura akrama sthAyI vastu se pRthak haiM aura arthakriyA ko bhI vyAvRtta karate hue kSaNikatva-bhAvanA ko siddha karate haiN| arthamUlaka kriyA kI zakti kevala kSaNika meM hI hai|] vizeSa-arthakriyAkAritvalakSaNaM sat = prayojanabhUtA yA kriyA tatkAritvameva satvam ( abhya0 ) prayojana ke rUpa meM jo kArya hai use karane kI kSamatA honA hI sattA kA lakSaNa hai / dUsare zabdoM meM, sattA vaha hai jo kucha kArya utpanna karane kI kSamatA rakhe / zazaviSANa ke sadRza asat vastu kabhI bhI koI kArya utpanna nahIM kara sktii| sattA kA yaha lakSaNa svIkAra karane para sabhI padArthoM ko kSaNika mAnane meM suvidhA hotI hai| mAna leM ki bIja kSaNika nahIM hai, sthAyI hai to isakI sattA hone ke kAraNa kSaNa-kSaNa meM yaha naenae kArya utpanna karatA rahegA / yadi bIja sabhI kSaNoM meM samAna hI rahe, aparivartita ho, to sadA vaha usI prakAra kA kArya utpanna karegA kintu vastusthiti isake viparIta hai / ghara meM rakhA bIja vahI nahIM jo kheta meM DAlA gayA hai| donoM ke kArya bhinna-bhinna haiM / yadi yaha tarka kiyA jAya ki vastutaH bIja vahI kArya utpanna nahIM karatA kintu usameM kSamatA hai jo ucita upAdAnoM (jaise-pRthvI, jala Adi ) ke saMsarga se abhivyakta ho jAtI hai| ataH bIja sadA vahI hai / yaha tarka asahAya hai, kyoMki aisI dazA meM yaha svIkAra karate hI haiM ki pahale kSaNa kA bIja aMkuraNa kA kAraNa nahIM pratyuta vibhinna upAdAnoM ke saMsarga se pariSkRta bIja hI usakA kAraNa hai / ataH bIja to parivartita ho gyaa| isI prakAra koI bhI vastu do kSaNa nahIM tthhrtii| sabhI vastueM kSaNika haiN| isakI siddhi ke lie sattA kA eka viziSTa lakSaNa ( arthakriyAkAritva ) karanA par3atA hai| nIlAdikSaNa-nIla eka udAharaNa hai, vastutaH ise raMga se koI samparka nhiiN| prAcIna naiyAyika ( bauddha aura gautamIya donoM ) loga udAharaNa dene meM nIla kA prayoga karate the| jisa prakAra navya-nyAya meM 'ghaTa' ko udAharaNa ke rUpa meM rakhate haiN| isalie nIla vastuvAcaka hai / kSaNa = kSaNika-padArtha yA padArtha / tau ca kramAkramau sthAyinaH sakAzAda vyAvartamAnau arthakriyAmapi vyAvartayantau kSaNikatvapakSa eva sattvaM vyavasthApayataH iti siddham / aura ye donoM krama akrama sthAyI padArtha se pRthaka hokara, arthakriyA ko bhI ( sthAyI padArtha se ) pRthaka kara dete haiM tathA kSaNikatva ke pakSa meM hI sattA hone kI vyavasthA karate haiM-yahI siddha karanA thaa|

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe * vizeSa--yadi sattA sthAyI hotI to kama aura akrama nahIM hotA / sthAyI hone para Age-pIche hone kA prazna to uThatA hI nahIM, padArthoM kI ekakAlikatA bhI nahIM hogI kyoMki sattA ke khaNDa nahIM hoNge| isalie krama aura akrama donoM sthitiyoM se sthAyI pathaka haiM, asthAyI padArtha meM hI ye ho sakate haiN| sattA kA lakSaNa arthakriyA ke rUpa meM diyA gayA hai. sthAyI padArtha meM arthakriyA nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki sthAyI yadi kAraNa banakara apanI sattA ke nAza ke bAda kArya utpanna kare tabhI yaha sambhava hai / so ho nahIM sakatA, yadi sthAyI hai to phira nAza kase ? arthakriyA ( kAryotpAdana ) jaba hogI taba kSaNika-pakSa meN| isalie arthakriyA ko sthAyI padArtha se pRthak karake, svayaM bhI krama-akrama sthAyI se pRthak rahate haiM ( Excluded ) jisase kevala kSaNika vastuoM kI sattA siddha hotI hai / isa prakAra kSaNikatva-bhAvanA kI siddhi huii| (8. akSaNika padArtha kA 'krama' se arthakriyAkArI nahIM honA ) nanvakSaNikasya arthakriyAkAritvaM kiM na syAditi cet-tadayuktama / vikalpAsahatvAt / tathA hi-vartamAnArthakriyAkaraNakAle'tItAnAgatayoH kima arthakriyayoH sthAyinaH sAmarthyamasti no vaa| Aye tayoranirAkaraNaprasaGgaH, samarthasya kSepAyogAt / yadyadA yatkaraNasamartha tattadA tatkarotyeva yathA sAmagrI svakArya samarthazcAyaM bhAva iti prasaDAnumAnAcca / dvitIye kadApi na kuryAt / sAmarthyamAtrAnubandhitvAdarthakriyAkAritvasya / yadyadA yanna karoti tattadA tatrAsamarthaM yathA hi shilaashklmngkure| na caiSa vartamAnArthakriyAkaraNakAle vRttavatiSyamANe arthakriye karotIti tadviparyayAcca // [ Upara yaha siddha kara cuke haiM ki arthakriyAkAritva ( kAryotpAdana kI kSamatA / kevala kSaNika padArtha mAnane se hotA hai isa para virodhI loga pUcha sakate haiM ki a-kSaNika padArthoM meM ( jaise dUsare darzanoM meM Izvara, ghaTa, paTa, Adi jo sthAyI yA nitya mAne gaye haiM unameM ) kAryotpAdana kI kSamatA kyoM nahIM hogii| [ isa para hamArA pakSa hai ki ] aisA prazna karanA yuktisaMgata nahIM kyoMki [ nimnalikhita ] donoM vikalpoM se yaha asiddha ho jAyagA ( zabdazaH-donoM vikalpoM ko sahana nahIM kara sakegA ) / vaha isa prakAra hai-vartamAna kAryotpAdana ke ( sampAdana ke ) samaya sthAyI, padArtha ( a-kSaNika ) meM bhUtakAlika aura bhaviSyatkAlika kAryotpAdana kI sAmarthya hai ki nahIM ? ( abhiprAya yaha hai ki jaba kumbhakAra eka ghar3e kA nirmANa karatA hai taba bhUtakAlika ghaTa aura bhaviSyat ghaTarUpI artha ko utpanna karane vAlI kriyA karane kI zakti usameM hai ki nahIM? ) /

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bauddha-darzanam yadi pahalA pakSa lete haiM [ ki sAmarthya hai ] taba bhUta aura bhaviSyat donoM kAla ke kAryotpAdanoM (= arthakriyAoM) ko Apa chor3a nahIM sakate-aisI sthiti A jAyagI (= eka samaya meM hI tInoM kAloM ke ghaToM ke utpAdana kA prasaMga ho jAyagI, jo hotA hI nhiiN)| jo vastu kisI kAma ke karane meM samartha hotI hai, vaha to kabhI kAlakSepa ( samaya kATanA ) nahIM sahegI [ turanta kArya-sampAdana kara degI, kSepa kA yoga usameM kahA~ ? ] isa prasaMga yA sthiti kA anumAna hama yoM kara sakate haiM----jo padArtha jisa kAma ko karane meM jaba bhI samartha hotA hai, vaha use usI samaya kara detA hai jaise--sAmagrI ( kAraNa ke ) vibhinna sahAyaka tatva ( Conditic.ns ) apane kArya ko utpanna kara detI hai| aura yaha bhAva ( a-kSaNika ) cUMki samartha hai [ isalie eka sAtha hI bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSyat tInoM kAloM kA kAryotpAdana hone lagegA-isa doSa se bacane ke lie pahale vikalpa ko chor3a denA hI acchA hai ] / yadi dusarA vikalpa ( sthAyI meM bhUta aura vartamAna arthakriyA batalAne kI zakti nahIM hai ) lete haiM taba to aura bhI Ananda hai ki ] kabhI bhI yaha kucha nahIM kara sktaa| kAraNa yaha hai ki kAryotpAdana kevala sAmarthya para hI avalambita hai| (sthAyI padArtha yadi eka samaya meM asamartha ho gayA to dUsare samaya meM bhI asamartha ho rahegA / dUsare, asamartha vastu kI apekSA samartha vastu ke svarUpa meM bheda karanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai, isase vastu sthAyI nahIM raha sakatI aura mala para hI kuThArAghAta ho jAyagA / ) jo padArtha kisI bhI samaya kisI kAma ko nahIM karatA, vaha usake lie asamartha samajhA jAtA hai, jaise--aMkura ko ugAne meM cttttaan| aura yaha ( bhAva = sthAyI padArtha ) vartamAna kriyA utpanna karane ke samaya vigata aura anAgata arthakriyAoM ko utpanna nahIM karatA--isa prakAra kA viparyaya yA virodha hotA hai| vizeSa-1. yadi sthAyI padArtha vartamAna arthakriyA ke samaya bhUta aura bhaviSya kI arthakriyAoM ko utpanna karane kI zakti rakhatA hai to doSa hogA ki eka sAtha hI sabhI kAla kI arthakriyAeM utpanna ho jaayeNgii| samartha puruSa to utpAdana karatA hai| kyA vaha vicAra karatA hai ki hama kaba utpAdana kareM ? jaba kAma, taba samApti / 2. yadi vaha vaisI zakti nahIM rakhatA taba kabhI koI kriyA utpanna nahIM kara sakatA, agara asamartha ho to kriyA utpanna karegA kaise| jo samartha hogA vahI na kucha utpanna kara sakatA hai ? ima prakAra donoM vikalpoM ke khaNDita ho jAne se sthAyI meM arthakriyAkAritva svIkAra nahIM karanA hogaa| (9. sahakAriyoM ko sahAyatA pAkara bhI akSaNika arthakriyAkArI nahIM ho sakatA :) nanu kramavatsahakArilAbhAta sthAyino'tItAnAgatayoH krameNa karaNamupapadyata iti cet-tatradaM bhavAnpRSTo vyAcaSTAm / sahakAriNaH kiM bhAvasyo

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe pakurvanti na vA ? na cennApekSaNIyAste / akizvitkurvatAM teSAM tAdarthyAyogAt / atha bhAvastaiH sahakAribhiH sahaiva kAryaM karoti iti svabhAva iti cet - aGga ! taha sahakAriNo na jahyAt / pratyuta palAyamAnApi gale pAzena baddhvA kRtyaM kuryAt / svabhAvasyAnapAyAt / 38 phira bhI koI kaha sakatA hai -krama ( pUrvAparatA, Age-pIche honA ) se yukta sahakArI kriyAoM ko svIkAra karane para bhUta aura bhavivyatkAla meM, sthAyI yA a-kSaNika padArtha kA krama ke dvArA arthakriyAkArI honA ( karaNa, kAryotpAdana ) siddha to ho ho jAtA hai / [ artha yaha hai ki akSaNika yA sthAyI padArtha vahI hai jo tInoM kAloM kI kriyAoM ke utpAdana meM samartha ho tathA sadA eka hI taraha kA ho| dUsarI ora kSaNika sattA eka kSaNa meM kriyA utpanna karake naSTa ho jAtI hai, tInoM kAloM meM isake rUpa vibhinna prakAra ke hote haiM / astu, sthAyI eka rUpa hone para bhI, jaba jaisI sahakArI kriyAe~ milatI haiM kAryotpatti kara sakatA hai / isase padArthoM meM honevAle parivartanoM kI vyAkhyA hone para bhI sattA ko sthAyI mAna lete haiM / aisA mAna lene para uparyukta donoM doSa - 1. taba vaisI hI karake, unake 7 saba samaya sabhI vastuoM kA utpAdana aura 2. kabhI bhI kisI kriyA kA utpAdana nahIM karanA -- miTa jAyeMge isa prakAra kAryoM kA krama sahakArI kriyAoM ke kAryakrama para nirbhara karatA hai, na ki vastuoM kI sAmarthya aura asAmarthya para / niSkarSa yaha nikalA ki sattA akSaNika sthAyI hai jisameM parivartana sahakArI kriyAoM ke Ane se hote haiM, vizeSatayA unake krama ke kAraNa / ataH sattA kSaNika nahIM, akSaNika hai --- yaha tarka pUrvapakSiyoM kA hai, aba isakA uttara kSaNikavAdI kyA dete haiM, dekhA jAya / ] agara aisI bAta hai to Apase pUchA jAtA hai, use batAveM - sahakArI kriyAe~ (yA padArtha ) kyA bhAva ( sthAyI ) kA upakAra ( sahAyatA ) karatI hai ki nahIM ? [ Azaya yaha hai ki pUrvapakSiyoM ke mata jo ghaTa, paTa Adi ke sthAyI padArtha haiM unake sahakArI jala, miTTI, vAyu Adi padArtha ghaTAdi ke nirmANa meM sahAyatA karate haiM ki nahIM - Apaloga kyA kahate haiM ? ] yadi sahAyatA nahIM karate to unakI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai / ve ( sahakArI ) to kucha karate nahIM, isalie ve tadartha ( bhAva kI sahAyatA ke lie ) hoMge - aisA prasaMga nahIM hogA ( arthAt kriyAhIna sahakArI padArtha bhAva kI sahAyatA nahIM karate to unake rahane kI jarUrata hI nahIM - sahakArI ke binA hI bhAva ko sattA hone kA prabandha karanA par3egA ) 1 isa pakSa meM yadi eka aura vikalpa diyA jAya ki sthAyI bhAva ( ghaTa, paTa Adi ) una parivartanazIla sahakAriyoM ( jala, miTTI, havA, sUrya kI kiraNeM ) ke sAtha-sAtha kArya karatA hai isalie svabhAva ke rUpa meM sahakAriyoM ko liyA jAya, [ to kyA hAni hai ? ] | yadi uparyukta vikalpa ke AdhAra kara sthAyI ke svabhAva ke rUpa meM sahakAriyoM ko grahaNa

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baukha-darzanam kareM, taba samasyA yaha uThegI ki sthAyI padArtha ] taba to sahakAriyoM ko chor3a hI nahI sakatA, balki bhAganevAle ( sahakAriyoM ) ke gale meM phandA DAlakara kRtya ( karane yogya ) kArya svayaM kregaa| kAraNa yaha hai ki svabhAva ko haTA nahIM sakate / [ sahakArI yadi sthAyI ke svabhAva haiM, apane hI rUpa haiM taba to unheM pRthak kiyA hI nahIM jA sakatA; sabhI sahakArI khoja-khoja kara kArya kI utpatti ke lie lAye jaayeNge| isa prakAra, sattA akSaNika + sahakArI ( eka hI svabhAva ke rUpa meM ) ] / upakArakatvapakSe so'yamupakAraH kiM bhAvAdbhidyate na vaa| bhedapakSa Agantukasyeva tasya kAraNatvaM syAt / na bhAvasyAkSaNikasya / AgantukAtizayAnvayavyatirekAnuvidhAyitvAtkAryasya taduktam 4. varSAtapAbhyAM kiM vyomnazcarmaNyasti tayoH phalam / carmopamazcetso'nityaH khatulyazcedasatphalaH // iti / yadi sahakAriyoM ko bhAva ( sthAyI ) kA upakAra karanevAlA mAnate haiM to isameM bhI prazna hogA ki yaha upakAra kyA ve bhAva se alaga hokara karate haiM yA nahIM ( = binA alaga hue hI ) ? [ sahakArI padArtha jaise miTTI Adi, sthAyI padArtha jaise ghaTAdi kI utpatti meM sahAyatA karate hue usase pRthak rahate haiM yA nahIM ? dUsare zabdoM meM, sahakAriyoM meM utpanna, sthAyI meM rahanevAlA vizeSa ( upakAra ), apane Azraya sthAyIbhAva se bhinna hai yA nahIM ? isake bAda bhedapakSa ke vikalpa ko lekara bahuta bar3A vivecana kiyA gayA hai| yaha dikhAyA jAyagA ki bhedapakSa ko svIkAra karane para anavasthA-doSa (. miltum and Infinitum ) hogA / isalie antima nirNaya hogA ki kSaNika ke rUpa meM hI sattA hai| ___ yadi yaha kaheM ki sahakArI sthAyI se bhinna hai to jo sahakArI padArtha Agantuka ( jaise pAnI, havA, miTTI ) haiM ve hI kAraNa kahalAyeMge (jo kArya utpAdana meM pradhAna hotA hai vahI kAraNa hai, jisakA nirNaya anvaya vyatireka se hotA hai ) / akSaNika-bhAva kAraNa nahIM hogA [ kyoMki kAryotpatti meM usakA koI hAtha nahIM, asala meM kArya to sahakArI padArtha akSaNika se pRthak hokara kara rahe haiM ] / kArya to Agantuka sarvAdhika ( sahAyaka ) ke anvaya aura vyatireka se siddha hotA hai (Agantuka ke sAtha kArya kA anvaya aura vyatireka ThIka-ThIka baiTha jAtA hai, akSaNika ke sAtha nahIM-isalie Agantuka kAraNa hai aura bAda meM AnevAlA padArtha kArya hai| ) atizaya = bahuguNA~cintayitvA sAmAnyajanasaMbhavAn / vizeSaH kIrtyate yastu jJayaH so.nizayo vudhaiH // [ ucana sthiti ko yo spaSTa kareM-bIja sthAyI padArtha ( bhAva ) hai, usame Ane vAle sahakArI anigaya ( sabase bar3e upayogI ) ke hone para aMkura kI utpatti hotI hai, yaha anvaya huA / ma prakAra ke atizaya ke abhAva meM aMkura kA utpanna na honA, yaha vyatireka hai| aba Tama

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40 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe prakAra aMkUra ( kArya ) kI utpatti atizaya ( sahakArI ) ke anvaya-vyatireka se siddha hotI hai jisakA. phala hai ki atizaya hI aMkurotpatti kA kAraNa hai na ki bIja / jo jisake rahane para rahe, nahIM rahane para nahIM rahe--vahI to usa padArtha kA kAraNa hotA hai ! yaha bAta hama sahakArI atizaya ke sAtha dekhate haiM, sthAyI vIja ke sAtha nahIM / isalie sthAyI ( padArtha, bIja ) kAraNa nahIM hogaa| use kAraNa mAna lene para anvaya-vyatireka kI siddhi nahIM hotii| bIjAbhAva meM aMkurAbhAva ThIka hai ( vyatireka ), parantu hone bIja para aMkura honA ( anvaya ) ThIka nahIM hai| isalie sthAyI padArtha kAraNa sahakArI nahIM hogA, usakA sahakArI ( sahakAriyoM meM bhI sarvAdhika upayogI atizaya hI kAraNa ho sakatA hai / ] kahA bhI hai-varSA aura dhUpa se AkAza ko kyA ? donoM kA phala camar3e para ho sakatA hai / yadi [ vaha sthAyIbhAva ] camar3e ke samAna ho taba to vaha anitya ho jAtA hai, yadi vaha AkAza ke samAna ho to phalahIna ( niSphala ) ho jAtA hai / [ Azaya yaha hai ki AkAza avikArI hai, usapara varSA aura dhUpa kA koI prabhAva nahIM par3atA-varSA ho yA dhUpa, AkAza jyoM-kA tyoM rahatA hai / hA~, prabhAva par3atA hai to camar3e para, varSA se camar3A ThaNDA ho jAyagA, dhUpa se garma / isa prakAra manuSyoM ke zarIra para usakA prabhAva hai, kyoMki carma vikArI hai / aba pUchA jAya ki sthAyIbhAva vikArI ( carmavat ) hai ki avikArI (AkAzavat ) ? donoM dazAoM meM doSa haiM / sthAyI ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA bIja yadi vikAra ke yogya (vikArI ) hai tathA sahakAriyoM se utpanna honevAle atizaya ke dvArA vikRta hotA hai taba to vaha bhAva anitya hai, kyoMki nitya padArtha meM to vikAra hotA hI nahIM / dUsarI ora yadi vaha AkAza ke samAna avikArI mAnA jAya taba to niSprayojana hI ho jAyagA / sahakAriyoM se utpanna vizeSa phala ( atizaya ) kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM, kyoMki atizaya ke hone para bhI to sthAyI padArtha badala sakegA hI nahIM / jala, vAyu Adi sahakAriyoM kI bhI AvazyakatA nahIM rahegI / phala yaha huA ki sthAyI padArtha ko sattA ke rUpa meM mAnane se doSa hI doSa utpanna hoNge| ] (10. atizaya kA dUsarA atizaya utpanna karane meM doSa ) kiM ca, sahakArijanyo'tizayaH kimatizayAntaramArabhate na vA ? ubhayathA'pi prAguktadUSaNapASANavarSaNaprasaGgaH / atizayAntarArambhapakSe bahumukhAnavasthAdauHsthyamapi syAt / atizaye janayitavye sahakAryantarApekSAyAM tatparamparApAta ityekaanvsthaa''stheyaa| tathA sahakAribhiH salilapavanAdibhiH padArthasAthairAdhIyamAne bIjasyAtizaye bIjamutpAdakamabhyupeyam / aparathA tadabhAve'pyatizayaH prAdubhavet /

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bauddha-darzanam isake atirikta [ hama yaha bhI pUchate haiM ki ] sahakAriyoM se utpanna atizaya ( sarvAdhika sahayogI vastu ) kyA dasare atizaya ko [ kAryotpatti ke lie ] utpanna karatA hai ki nahIM? donoM sthitiyoM meM pUrvokta doSoM ke pASANa kI varSA hogii| [ salila, pavanAdi se utpanna, bIja meM rahane para bhI bIja se bilkula bhinna atizaya bIja meM dUsare atizaya ko yadi utpanna nahIM karatA to sahakAriyoM se utpanna atizaya hone kA phala hI kyA hai ? yahI nahIM, rAhakArijanya atizaya kI utpatti ke pUrva bIja se aMkura kI utpatti bhI ho skegii| dUsarI ora, yadi sahakArijanya prathama atizaya bIja meM hI dvitIya atizaya utpanna kara detA hai to phira vaha dvitIya atizaya bhI jo bIja se atyanta bhinna hai, bIja meM tRtIya atizaya utpanna karegA ki nahIM-isa prazna ke sAtha-sAtha anavasthA bar3hatI hI jAyagI ( abhyaMkara ) / atizaya ko bIja ( sthAyI ) se abhinna karake bhI doSa dikhAyA gayA hai-'atha bhAvAdabhinno'tizaya:0' / bhedapakSa meM hI aura bhI doSa hoMge, yaha Age dikhAte haiM- ] yadi hama isa pakSa ko leM ki eka atizaya dUsare atizaya ko utpanna karatA hai to bahuta prakAra kI anavasthA hone kA doSa saMbhava hai| ( dUsare atizaya ko isalie Arambha karate haiM ki eka atizaya se kAma nahIM calatA / yaha utpati sahakAriyoM meM dUsare sahakAriyoM se hotI hai yA sthAyI bIja meM dasare sahakAriyoM se yA atizayoM meM bIjAdi padArthoM se yA bIjAdi meM hI atizayoM se hotI hai| jahA~ jaisI AvazyakatA par3atI hai vahA~ vaisA hI vizeSa utpanna karanA cAhie / isake bAda anavasthAoM kA tAMtA laga jAtA hai / ) jo atizaya utpanna karatA hai usameM dUsare sahakArI kI AvazyakatA hogI tathA unakI ananta paramparAoM ke A jAne se eka anavasthA to turata mAna lenI pdd'egii| ( atizaya ke utpAdana meM yadi dUsare sahakArI kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahe to yaha utpatti svAbhAvika mAnI jAyagI aura salilAdi sahakArI bIjAdi se hI atizaya kA utpAdana karane lgeNge| aba dUsare prakAra se tIna anavasthAe~ dikhAte haiM- ) vaisA hone para salila, pavana Adi sahakArI padArthoM kI sahAyatA se rakhe gaye bIja ke atizaya meM bIja ko hI utpAdana samajha leM; nahIM to, una ( sahakAriyoM) ke abhAva meM bhI atizaya utpanna ho sakatA hai| (Upara ke vAkya meM yadi bIja ke atizaya meM hI bIja ko utpAdaka samajha lete haiM to bIja meM sthita atizaya hI naimittika kAraNa siddha ho jAtA hai| aparathA = bIja meM sthita atizaya yadi dUsare atizaya ko utpanna kare taba; atizaya ke svAbhAvika hone pr)| ( 11. dUsarA atizaya utpanna karane meM anavasthA saM0 1 ) bIjaM cAtizayamAdadhAnaM, sahakArisApekSamevAdhatte / anyathA sarvadopakArApattau aGakurasyApi sadodayaH prasajyeta tasmAdatizayArthamapekSyamANaH

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42 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe sahakAribhiH atizayAntaramAdheyaM bIje / tasminnapyupakAre pUrvanyAyena sahakArisApekSasya bIjasya janakatve sahakArisampAdya bI jagatAtizayAnavasthA prathamA vyavasthitA / bIja eka atizaya kA grahaNa karate hue, dUsare sahakArI bhAva kI AvazyakatA hone ke kAraNa hI aisA karatA hai / nahIM to ( = arthAt yadi atizaya kA grahaNa karanA dUsare sahakArI kI AvazyakatA ke kAraNa na ho balki use svabhAvataH mAnA jAya ), yadi [ jala Adi sahakAriyoM ko pakar3akara | sadaiva bIja se atizaya grahaNa kiyA jAya taba aisA prasaMga ho jAyagA ki bIja se sadA aMkura nikalatA rahegA / ( phalita yaha hai ki bIja yadi sahakArI bhAva kI AvazyakatA na rakhe aura atizaya se hI kAma calA le to sadA aMkura kI utpatti hotI rahegI kyoMki kAraNasvarUpa bIja se atizaya grahaNa karane para kAryasvarUpa aMkura bhI usI prakAra utpanna hotA rahegA ) / isalie prathama atizaya ko dhAraNa karane ke lie apekSita dUsare sahakArI bhAvoM ko cAhie ki ve bIja meM dUsare atizaya ko bhI dhAraNa kareM / isa prakAra se upakAra ho jAne para ( = atizayAntara ke mila jAne para ) tathA pahale kI taraha sahakAriyoM kI apekSA rakhanevAle bIja ke [ AdhArarUpa meM ] utpAdaka bana jAne para ( = jaba bIja sahakAriyoM kI sahAyatA se utpAdaka bana jAya taba ), pahalI anavasthA utpanna ho jAtI hai jo sahakAriyoM kI sahAyatA se sampanna honevAle bIja ke atizaya se sambaddha rahatI hai / ( bIja ke sahakAriyoM aura atizaya kI eka ananta paramparA cala par3atI hai jaba kabhI bhI eka atizaya dUsare ko utpanna karane lagatA haiM ) / ( 11. anavasthA saM0 2 ) athopakAraH kAryArthamapekSyamANo'pi bIjAdinirapekSaM kAryaM janayati tatsApekSaM vA / prathame bIjAderahetutvamApatet / dvitIye'pekSyamANena bIjAdinopakAre'tizaya AdheyaH / evaM tatra tatrApIti bIjAdijanyAtizayaniSThAtizayaparamparApAta iti dvitIyAnavasthA sthirA bhavet / [ aba hama pUchate haiM ki ] isa prakAra kA upakAra ( atizaya kA dhAraNa ) kAryotpatti ke lie apekSita hone para bhI bIja Adi se pRthak hokara kArya ko utpanna karatA hai yA unakI apekSA bhI rakhatA hai ? yadi pahalA vikalpa lete haiM to bIja Adi kabhI bhI kAraNa nahIM ho sakate ( kyoMki kAraNa vahI hai jo kAryotpati meM sahAyaka ho lekina yahA~ bIja vaisA nahIM hai / dUsare vikalpa ko lene para, apekSita bIja Adi ko upakAra hone para atizaya lenA cAhie / isa taraha una una avasthAoM meM bhI, bIjAdi se utpanna atizaya meM atizayoM kI eka atyanta paramparA cala par3egI jisase dUsarI anavasthA bhI dRr3ha ho jAtI hai /

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bauddha-varzanam ( 11. anavasthA saM0 3 ) evamapekSyamANenopakAreNa bIjAdau dharmiNyupakArAntaramAdheyam - ityupakArAdhe yabIjAzrayAtizayaparamparApAta iti tRtIyAnavasthA duravasthA syAt / isa prakAra apekSita upakAra ko cAhie ki vaha [ atizaya ] ke dharmI ( viSayI ) bIjAdi meM dUsare upakAra kA grahaNa kare - isa taraha upakAra se utpanna bIja ke Azraya ( atizaya ) meM rahanevAle atizayoM kI ananta paramparA phira zurU hI jAyagI aura yaha tIsarI anavasthA bhI haTAnA kaThina hai / 43 vizeSa- - Upara eka atizaya se dUsare atizaya ko utpanna kiye jAne para anavasthAeM hotI haiM - yaha dikhAyA gayA / kula tIna anavasthAe~ dikhalAI gaI haiM / yaha pUrA avataraNa usa vikalpa kI vyAkhyA hai jisameM kahA gayA hai ki upakAra bhAva se bhinna hai / yaha vikalpa yahA~ se zurU kiyA gayA hai- so'yamupakAraH kiM bhAvAdbhidyate na vA ? ( dekhiye - 9 veM pariccheda kA dUsarA khaNDa ) isake bAda, upakAra sthAyI bhAva se abhinna hai, isa vikalpa kI parIkSA honevAlI hai / ( 12. sthAyI bhAva se atizaya ke abhinna hone para Apatti ) atha bhAvAdabhinno'tizayaH sahakAribhirAdhIyata ityabhyupagamyeta, tahi prAcIno bhAvo'natizayAtmA nivRtto'nyazcAtizayAtmA kurvadrapAdipadavedanoyo jAyata iti phalitaM mamApi manorathadrumeNa / tasmAtkrameNa akSaNikasya arthakriyA durghaTA | dUsarI ora agara yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki atizaya bhAva ( sthAyI padArtha ) se bhinna nahIM hai aura sahakAriyoM ke dvArA gRhIta hotA hai ( arthAt bhAva aura atizaya donoM samAna hoM, atizaya sthAyI bhAva kA hI avasthA - vizeSa ho ), taba to prAcIna bhAva jo atizaya nahIM hai avazya hI nivRtta ( samApta ) ho jAyagA aura eka dUsarA bhAva atizaya ke rUpa meM utpanna ho jAyegA jise 'kurvadrUpa' ( kAryotpAdaka vastu ) Adi zabdoM se jAnate haiM / mere manoratha ke vRkSa kA bhI to yahI phala hai ( arthAt merI hI bAta siddha ho gaI ) / isa prakAra 'krama' ke dvArA akSaNika ( sthAyI ) kI arthakriyA ( kAryotpAdikA ) siddha karanA kaThina hai / vizeSa-uparyukta lambe vivecana meM yaha siddha kiyA jA ( eka ke bAda dUsare kA honA ) se sthAyI arthakriyAkArI padArtha hI arthakriyAkArI hogA; kSaNika hI sat hai / isa pariccheda meM kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jalAdisahakAriyoM ke dvArA atizaya ke utpanna hone para bhI yadi sthAyI bIjAdi dUsarI avasthA ( kAryarUpa ) meM nahI pahu~ca jAte kintu apanI pUrvAvasthA meM hI avasthita rahA thA ki krama-niyama nahIM ho sakatA - kSaNika

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe rahate haiM. taba to atizaya kA honA hI vyartha hai isalie sahakArI jalAdi kA milanA bhI vyartha hai / yadi dUsarI avasthA meM pahu~ca jAte haiM taba to 'kSaNika' kI hI siddhi ho jAtI hai--eka avasthA se dUsarI avasthA meM AnA hI siddha karatA hai ki pahalI avasthA kSaNika hai ..pUrI sattA hI kSaNika hai| (13. akSaNika padArtha kA 'akrama' se arthakriyAkArI nahIM honA ) nApyakrameNa ghttte| vikalpAsahatvAt / tathAhi--yugapatsakalakAryakaraNasamarthaH svabhAvastaduttarakAlamanuvartate na vA? prathame tatkAlavatkAlAntare'pi tAvatkAryakaraNamApatet / dvitIye sthAyitvavRttyAzA mUSikabhakSitabIjAdau akurAdijananaprArthanAmanuharet / ___akrama ( eka sAtha utpanna honA ) ke niyama se bhI [ akSaNika padArtha kA arthakriyAkArI honA ] siddha nahIM hotA / kAraNa yaha hai ki vikalpoM ko yaha saha nahIM sakatA (=do vikalpoM ke khaNDana se isa vAkya kA bhI khaNDana ho jAtA hai| vaha isa prakAra hotA haieka hI sAtha sabhI kAma karane meM samartha svabhAva kArya kI utpatti ke bAda bhI rahatA hai yA nahIM (= yA eka sAtha kArya utpanna karake raha jAtA hai ) ? yadi pahale vikalpa ko lete haiM to svabhAva eka kAla meM jitanA kAma karatA hai utanA hI dUsare kAla meM bhI karane lagegA [ kyoMki kArya kI utpatti ke bAda bhI svabhAva to badalegA hI nahIM, dUsare kAla meM usakI sattA rahegI hI aura vaha usI parimANa meM nirantara--kAlAntara meM bhIkArya utpanna karatA rhegaa| lekina vastusthiti yaha hai ki kAryotpatti kevala eka bAra hotI hai, usI svabhAva se punaH punaH kAryotpatti, eka hI parimANa meM nahIM hotI / yahI to sattA ko sthAyI mAnane kA pariNAma hai / isalie akrama-niyama (Method of Simultaneity) ke prathama vikalpa se akSaNika sattA kA khaNDana ho jAtA hai kyoMki isameM kaThinAI (Absurdity ) utpanna ho jAtI hai ] / ___ yadi dUsare vikalpa ( svabhAva eka sAtha kAryotpatti karake nivRtta ho jAtA hai ) ko lete haiM to svabhAva ke sthAyI hone kI AzA utanI hI saphala hogI jitanI cUhe ke khAye hue bIjAdi meM aMkurAdi utpanna hone kI prArthanA / ( arthAt jisa prakAra cUhe ke khAye hae bIja nahIM uga sakate usI prakAra yaha mAnakara ki svabhAva kAryotpatti karake nivRtta ho jAtA hai, svabhAva kA sthAyitva svIkAra nahIM kara sakate / jana koI bhAva apanA kArya karake samApta ho jAya jo isakA abhiprAya hai ki vaha kSaNika hai / isa dRSTikoNa se bhI bauddhoM ke mata-NikavAda-kI puSTi hotI hai| isake lie abhI prayoga diye jAyeMge ki bIjAdi bhAva kSaNa-kSaNa meM bhinna hote haiM kyoMki unase kSaNa-kSaNa meM viruddha dharma AtejAte haiM / ityAdi........ ) / 1. sa0 da0 saM0 kI kucha pratiyoM meM svabhAvaH ke sthAna meM sa bhAvaH pATha hai lekina vaha ThIka nahIM / bhAva nahIM rahane se hI viruddha dharma para Aropita Azraya kI vibhinnatArUpI sAdhana anupayogI ho sakatA hai /

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bauddha-darzanam ( 13. ka. asAmarthya-sAdhaka prasaMga aura usakA viparyaya ) yadviruddhadharmAdhyastaM tannAnA, yathA shiitossnne| viruddhadharmAdhyastazcAyamiti jaladhare prtibndhsiddhiH| na cAyamasiddho hetuH| sthAyini kAlabhedena sAmarthyAsAmarthyayoH prasaGgatadviparyayasiddhatvAt / tatrAsAmarthyasAdhako prasaGgatadviparyayau praaguktau| jina vastuoM para viruddha dharma Aropita hote haiM ve nAnA prakAra kI ( eka prakAra kI nahIM ) haiM unameM paraspara bheda hai, jaise zIta aura uSNa / yaha svabhAva para viruddha-dharmoM kA Aropa huA hai-isI taraha megha meM bhI vyApti kI siddhi hotI hai / ( pratibandha = vyApti / megha ko bhI siddha karate haiM ki isakI sattA sthAyI nahIM, kSaNika hI hai| vaha kaise ? megha pratikSaNa meM naye-naye svarUpa kA pradarzana karatA hai isalie usameM kSaNa-kSaNa viruddha-dharma to Ate hI haiM aura isIlie vaha nAnA prakAra kA hai / nyAya kI bhASA meM kaheMge ki viruddhadharma ke AropaNa aura nAnAtva meM vyApti hai| yahI vyApti jaladhara ke nAnAtva kI siddhi karatI hai)| vahA~ yaha hetu (viruddhadharma kA Aropita honA ) asiddha nahIM hai / kAraNa yaha hai ki sthAyI (bIjAdi ) padArtha meM kAla ke bheda se sAmarthya aura asAmarthya donoM kA prasaMga ( asat se sat kI siddhi ) aura prasaMgaviparyaya ( sat se sat kI siddhi )-ye siddha hote haiM / inameM asAmarthya ke sAdhaka prasaMga aura usakA viparyaya pahale hI kahe jA cuke haiM ( dekhiye-pri08)| vizeSa-asiddha hetu use kahate haiM jaba hetu yA anumAna kA sAdhana ( Middle term ) sAdhya ke samAna hI siddhi kI apekSA kare; usakI sattA sandigdha ho jaise ___ gaganAravinda sugandhita hai ( niSkarSa ) kyoMki vaha ( gaganAravinda ) aravinda ( kamala ) hai-hetu, jo kamala haiM ve sugandhita haiM, jaise tAlAba kA kamala / yahA~ aravinda hetu hai jisakA Azraya hai gaganAravinda / vaha hotA hI nahIM isalie yahA~ hetu Azraya ke viSaya meM asiddha arthAt AzrayAsiddha hai / asiddha hetvAbhAsa ko prAcIna naiyAyika sAdhyasama kahate haiM / asiddha ke tIna bheda haiM-(1) AzrayAsiddha ( uparyukta udAharaNa ), (2) svarUpAsiddha ( hetu kA svarUpataH pakSa meM na rahanA ) aura (3) vyApyatvAsiddha ( sopAdhika hetu ) / inake vistRta vivecana ke lie nyAyadarzana dekheN| yahA~ para pratipakSI loga zaMkA uThAte haiM ki 'yadviruddhadharmA0' vAle anumAna meM bhI svarUpAsiddha nAmaka doSa hai / pahale svarUpAsiddha samajha leM / udAharaNa hai sabhI cAkSuSa ( Visual ) padArtha guNa haiM ( bRhat vAkya ), zabda cAkSuSa padArtha hai ( laghu vAkya ), ::.zabda guNa hai (nisskrss)|

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe yahA~ laghuvAkya meM jo cAkSuSatva ( hetu Middle term ) kA gayA hai vaha svarUpataH asiddha hai kyoMki zabda cAtuSa nahIM, usakA honA, arthAzravaNa ( kAnoM) se sambaddha hai / usI prakAra isa anumAna meM jo viruddhadharmo se paripUrNa hai vaha nAnAprakAraka hai ( Major Pr. ) bIjAdi viruddha-dharmo se paripUrNa haiM ( Minor Pr. ) .. bIjAdi nAnAprakAraka ( diverse ) haiM / ( concl. ) 46 sambandha zabda se dikhAyA apanA guNa hai zrAvaNa zaMkA yaha hai ki bIjAdi ( pakSa ) meM kAla kA bheda hone para bhI to viruddhadharmoM se paripUrNatA nahIM dekhate / isalie ve loga asiddha hetu mAnate haiM jisakA khaNDana 'na cAyamasiddho hetuH' kahakara kiyA jA rahA hai / 1 prasaMga aura usakA viparyaya - vyatireka vyApti ke dvArA jisa anumAna kA pradarzana hotA hai use prasaMgAnumAna kahate haiM / dUsarI ora, anvayavyApti ke dvArA pradarzita anumAna ko prasaMgaviparyayAnumAna kahate haiM / yoM asat se sat ko siddha karanA prasaMga kahalAtA hai udAharaNa leM - parvata agnimAn hai, kyoMki vahA~ dhUma ( hetu ) hai / isase jahA~ agni ka abhAva hai vahA~ dhUma kA bhI abhAva hai jaise tAlAba meM - yahI vyatirekavyApti hai / isa prakAra parvata meM dhUmAbhAva asat hai use san siddha kara rahe haiM-yadi tAlAba ke samAna parvata meM bhI agni nahIM hai taba to dhUma bhI nahIM ho sakatA / isa dhUmAbhAva kI siddhi ke sAtha parvata meM dhUma dekhakara agni kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai / yaha huA prasaMgAnumAna / isa sthAna para sthAyI padArtha ( bIjAdi ) meM vartamAna arthakriyA karaNa (kAryotpatti ) ke samaya atIta aura bhaviSyat meM artha kriyAkaraNa kI asamarthatA siddha karanI hai ( sAdhya hai ) hama ise isa prakAra siddha karate haiM ki eka samaya ( vartamAna) meM to yaha atIta aura bhaviSya ke kAryoM ko utpanna nahIM karatA (karaNa ko akaraNa ke dvArA siddha karate haiM ) / taba hama vyatirekavyApti kI sahAyatA lete haiM -- jo samartha hai vaha to kAma to karatA hI hai / isase vartamAna arthakriyAkaraNa ke samaya atIta aura bhaviSya kI arthakriyA kA karaNa siddha hotA hai / isa taraha kI siddhi ke sAtha-sAtha vartamAnakAla se atIta aura bhaviSya kI arthakriyA ke akaraNa ko dekhakara usakI asamarthatA siddha ho gaI / AThaveM pariccheda meM isakA vicAra 'Adya tayoranirAkaraNaprasaGgaH' Adi kahakara kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ usakI AvazyakatA dekhakara punaH vistRta vyAkhyA kI gaI / ' dUsarI ora prasaGgaviparyaya use kahate haiM jahAM sat se sara kA jJAna dikhAyA jAya / udAharaNataH, 'jahA~ dhUma hai vahA~ agni hai yaha anvayavyApti dikhAkara parvata meM sat ( existent ) dhUma ko dikhAyA jAya / isase agni kA anumAna hotA hai / asAmarthya - sAdhaka 1 - ( 1 ) yadyadA yatkaraNasamarthaM tattadA tatkarotyeva -- prasaGgAnumAnam / ( 2 ) yadyadA yanna karoti tattadA tatrAsamartham - prasaGgAnumAnaviparyayaH / *

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bauddha-darzanam 47 prasaMgaviparyaya bhI usI krama meM varNita ho cukA hai.--'yad yadA yanna karoti0' ityAdi / usameM bhI siddha huA hai ki vartamAna arthakriyA ke kAla meM atIta aura bhaviSya kI kAryopati nahIM hotI / isa prakAra asAmarza ke dvArA sthAyI padArtha siddha nahIM hotA / aba 'sAmarthya' kA sAmarthya bhI dekheM / (13. kha. sAmarthya-sAdhaka prasaMga aura tadviparyaya ) sAmarthyasAdhakAvabhidhIyate / yadyadA yajjananAsamartha tattadA tanna karoti yathA zilAzakalamaGakuram asamarthazcAyaM vartamAnArthakriyAkaraNakAle'tItAnAgatayorarthakriyayoriti prsnggH| yadyadA yatkaroti tattadA tatra samarthaM yathA sAmagrI svakArye / karoti cAyamatItAnAgatakAle tatkAlavatinyAvarthakriye bhAva iti prasaGgavyatyayo vipryyH| aba hama sAmarthya ke sAdhaka [ prasaMga aura usake viparyaya ] kA varNana karate haiM / eka samaya meM jo padArtha jisa kisI dUsare padArtha ko utpanna karane meM asamartha hai, usa samaya vaha use utpanna nahIM karatA jaise patthara kA Tukar3A aMkura ko [ utpanna nahIM karatA kyoMki patthara ke Tukar3e meM asamarthatA hai)| yaha (bIjAdi bhAva ) arthakriyA karane ke samaya atIta aura anAgata ( bhaviSya ) kI arthakriyAoM ke karane meM asamartha hai-isa prakAra prasaMga huA ( = prasaMgAnumAna ) / eka samaya meM jo jise utpanna karatA hai vaha usa samaya meM usake lie samartha hai jaise kAraNoM kI pUrI sAmagrI apane kArya ko utpanna karane ke lie| yaha bhAva atIta aura anAgata kAla meM usa samaya meM calanevAlI arthakriyAoM ko utpanna karatA hai ( .:. vaha unake lie samartha hai )|--is prakAra prasaMga kA ullaMghana karanevAlA usakA viparyaya hai / vizeSa-sAmarthyasAdhaka aura asAmarthya-sAdhaka ke nimnokta prakAra se anumAna hote haiM jinameM ye vyAptiyA~ haiM / kriyA-karaNa aura sAmarthya ke samaniyata hone ke kAraNa donoM ( kriyAkaraNa tathA sAmarthya ) meM vyApta aura vyApaka kA paraspara bhAva rahatA hai isalie do vyAtiyA~ hotI haiM-(1) yatkaroti tatsamartham ( kriyAkaraNa-vyApya, sAmarthyavyApaka ), (2) yatsamartha tatkaroti ( sAmarthya-vyApya, kriyAkaraNa-vyApaka ) / isI prakAra kriyA ke akaraNa aura asAmarthya meM bhI vyApya-vyApaka kA bhAva hai jisase do vyAtiyAM ho sakatI haiM-( 3 ) yanna karoti tadasamartham [ kriyA-akaraNa-vyApya, asAmarthya-vyApaka ), (4) yadasamartham tanna karoti ( asAmarthya-vyApya, kriyA-akaraNa - vyApaka ) / ina cAroM vyAptiyoM para vicAra karane para pahalI sAmarthyasAdhikA anvayavyAti nikalatI hai, dUsarI asAmarthyasAdhikA vyatirekavyApti, tIsarI asAmarthyasAdhikA anvayavyApti aura cauthI sAmarthyasAdhikA vyatirekavyApti hai inhIM kA saMkalana Upara ke anumAnoM meM kiyA gayA hai|

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48 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ( 14. niSkarSa-kSaNikavAda ko sthApanA ) tasmAdvipakSe kramayogapadyavyAvRttyA, vyApakAnupalambhena adhigatavyatirekavyAptika, prasaGgatadviparyayabalAd gRhItAnvayavyAptikaM ca sattvaM kSaNikatvapakSa eva vyavasthAsyatIti siddham / taduktaM jJAnazriyA5. yatsattakSaNikaM yathA jaladharaH santazca bhAvA amI sattA zaktirihArthakarmaNi miteH siddhaSu siddhA na saa| nApyekava vidhAnyathA parakRtenApi kriyAdirbhaved dvedhApi kSaNabhaGgasaGgatirataH sAdhye ca vizrAmyati // isalie [ aba sAre tarkoM kA niSkarSa nikAlate hue kahate haiM ki ] sattA kSaNikatva ke pakSa meM hI vyavasthita hotI hai--yahI siddha huA / isake ye kAraNa haiM-( 1 ) vipakSa ( akSaNika, sthAyI ) meM krama aura yogapadya ( akrama, eka sAtha honA )-donoM kI asiddhi ho jAtI hai / [ vipakSa vaha hai jo nizcita sAdhya kA abhAva dhAraNa kare-nizcitasAdhyAbhAvavAnvipakSaH / jaba bauddha loga kSaNikatva kI sthApanA karate haiM. to unake lie kSaNikatva sAdhya hai aura usake viruddha akSaNika mAne gaye Izvara, ghaTa, paTAdi vipakSa haiM / .:. vipakSa = sthAyI ( yahA~ pr)| Upara dikhalA cuke haiM ki sthAyI bhAva kA krama yA akrama se bhI arthakriyAkArI nahIM ho sakatA / ] isake phalasvarUpa vyApaka ke anupalambha se bhI satva meM vyattireka-vyApti prApta hotI hai| [ Azaya yaha hai- arthakriyAkAritva vyApya hai aura krama akrama meM se koI eka vyApaka bana jAtA hai / jaba IzvarAdi sthAyI padArtha meM krama yA akrama kA abhAva siddha karate haiM to vyApya arthakriyAkAritva kA bhI abhAva ho jAtA hai| vyApaka ke abhAva meM vyApya kA abhAva honA vyatireka vyApti hai, isalie yahA~ bhI vyatireka vyApti se siddha hotA hai ki akSaNika padArtha kA arthakriyAkAritva nahIM hogA aura cU~ki sattA ke lie arthakriyAkArI honA Avazyaka hai, sattA ko kSaNika honA caahie|] (2) prasaMga aura usake viparyaya ke bala se sattva meM anvayavyApti kA grahaNa hotA hai| [ vyApya ke sat hone se vyApaka kA sat honA, yahI anvayavyApti hai| udAharaNArtha-jo sat hai vaha kSaNika hai| sattA arthakriyAkArI hotI hai| yadi use kSaNika na mAnakara (vipakSa meM ) nitya svIkAra karate haiM to usameM sAmarthya hone se bhAva ( sattA ) sadA sabhI kAryoM ko utpanna karane lagegA-yaha prasaMga hai / sAmarthya na hone se kabhI nahIM karegA--yaha viparyaya hai; isalie artha...kAro ko ( sAtha-sAtha, sattA ko ) kSaNika honA parama Avazyaka hai-yaha anvayavyApti hai / isa prakAra donoM se kSaNika sattA kI siddhi hotI hai| jJAnazrI ne bhI kahA hai-jisakI sattA hai, vaha kSaNika hai, jaise-jaladhara aura ye sattA-sampanna bhAva ( vastueM-ghaTa, pttaadi)| artha-karma kI jo zakti ( = kucha

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49 bauddha darzanam cIja utpanna karane kA sAmarthya ) hai vahI sattA hai, isameM pramANa ( miti ) hai [ jisase na to koI vastu hI utpanna hotI aura na jJAna hI, vaisI vastu kI sattA nahIM hai / usake astitva kA pramANa kauna degA ? arthakarma kI zakti rakhanevAle padArtha kI sattA kA pramANa to hai ] | yaha sattA siddha ( sthira ) padArthoM meM sthira nahIM hai ( kintu kSaNika padArthoM meM hI siddha hai aura svayaM bhI yaha sattA kSaNika hI hai ) / [ akSaNika se kAryotpatti kA ] eka hI prakAra nahIM hai / [ kintu svAbhAvika hone para krama se yA akrama se ( eka sAtha ) hotA hai / ] nahIM to dUsare ke dvArA bhI dUsare kI kriyA utpanna ho sakatI hai / ( = kAryotpAdana agara naimittika nahIM ho to sahakArI upakAra ke dvArA bhI kAryotpatti hogI, kAraNa kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai-- isase bhI kAraNa akSaNika nahIM hotA, vaha kSaNika hI rahatA hai / ) isa prakAra donoM rItiyoM ( krama aura akrama ) se kSaNa padArthoM ke bhaMga ( vinAza ) kI saMgati ( siddhi ) hotI hai aura anta meM hamAre sAdhya ( kSaNikaM kSaNikam ) ko hI siddha karatI hai / vizeSa- -Upara bauddhoM kI eka bhAvanA 'sarvaM kSaNikaM kSaNikam' kI vyAkhyA vidhivat kI gaI hai| isameM sattA-viSayaka virodhI vAda ( sthAyivAda ) kA yuktiyukta khaNDana karake apane pakSa kI samyak pratiSThA huI hai tadanusAra saMsAra meM jitanI bhI vastueM haiM, parivartanazIla haiM / unakI parivRtti kSaNa-kSaNa meM hotI jA rahI hai| eka hI cIja ko hama do bAra nahIM dekha sakate, eka hI nadI meM do bAra snAna nahIM kara sakate aura na eka hI manuSya ko do bAra praNAma kara sakate haiN| kisI kI bhI sattA kSaNamAtra ke lie haikAryotpatti hI vastuoM kA uddezya hai / eka kSaNa meM rahanA, dUsare kSaNa meM arthakriyA aura vinAza - yahI hai bauddhoM kA sattAviSayaka siddhAnta / vaibhASika aura sautrAntika loga to isa para aura bhI jora dete haiM / pAzcAtya dArzanika vastuoM kI kSaNikatA meM deza aura kAla ko bar3A mahattva dete haiM / unake anusAra kSaNa-kSaNa meM vastuoM kA deza ( Space, place ) aura kAla ( Time ) badalatA jA rahA hai / ina donoM guNoM se viziSTa hone para eka sekeNDa meM bhI usI vastu ke do rUpa dekhe jA sakate haiM / ( 15. sAmAnya kA khaNDana ) na ca kaNabhakSAkSacaraNAdipakSakakSIkAraNe sattAsAmAnyayogitvameva sattvamiti mantavyam / sAmAnyavizeSasamavAyAnAmasattvaprasaGgAt / na ca tatra svarUpasattAnibandhanaH sadvyavahAraH / prayojaka gauravApatteH / anugatatvAnanugatatvavikalpaparAhatezca / sarvapamahIdharAdiSu vilakSaNeSu kSaNevvanugatasyAkArasya maNiSu sUtravad, bhUtagaNeSu guNavaccApratibhAsanAcca / kaNAda ( kaNoM ko ekatra karake khAnevAle kaNAda - vaizeSika-sUtrakAra ) aura akSapAda ( gautama - nyAya - sUtrakAra, kiMvadantI ke anusAra jinake caraNoM meM A~kheM thIM ) Adi ke pakSoM 4 sa0 saM0

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50 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ko svIkAra karane vAloM ko yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki sattA kI sAmAnya -dazA meM bhAga lenA ( yogadAna karanA ) hI sattA hai ( = vastu ke sAmAnya jaise gotva, pazutva Adi ko sattA nahIM kahate jaisA ki kaNAda, gautamAdi mAnate haiM ), nahIM to sAmAnya, vizeSa aura samavAya --- ina vaizeSika-sammata padArthoM kI bhI sattA na hone kA bhaya utpanna ho jAyagA / ( kyoMki ye padArtha sAmAnya meM bhAga nahIM lete - sAmAnya kA, vizeSa kA aura samavAya kA sAmAnya nahIM hotA / ina padArthoM kI sattA na rahane se vaizeSika darzana kA mUla hI naSTa ho jAyagA / ) aisA bhI nahIM kaha sakate ki vahA~ ( = sAmAnya, vizeSa aura samavAya para ) sattA kA Aropa karanA apane rUpa kI sattA para nirbhara karatA hai ( cU~ki ina padArthoM kI apanI sattA to niHsandigdha hai isalie ina para sattA kA Aropa bhI kara skte| jaisI apanI sattA, vaisI sAmAnya sattA ) / aisA karane se bahuta se prayojakoM (svarUpa - sattAoM ) kI AvazyakatA hogI ( aura vaha bahuta zramasAdhya hogA ) / yahI nahIM, sAmAnya kI sattA ko ( aneka meM eka kI ) upasthiti aura anupasthitiviSayaka vikalpoM kI dvividhA meM DAlakara asiddha kara sakate haiM / ( aneka meM eka sAmAnya hotA hai, yadi usakI upasthiti hai to bhI doSa, nahIM hai to bhI doSa -- isalie sAmAnya kI sattA nahIM hai ) / isake alAve kSaNoM ( padArthoM) meM sAmAnya rUpa se, maNiyoM [ kI mAlA ] meM sUtra kI taraha yA bhUta gaNoM meM ( pRthvI, jala Adi meM ) guNoM ( rUpa, rasAdi ) kI taraha, vartamAna koI bhI AkAra dikhalAI nahIM par3atA [ jise hama sAmAnya kahakara pukAra sakeM] 1 kiM ca sAmAnyaM sarvagataM svAzrayasarvagataM vA ? prathame sarvavastusaGkaraprasaGgaH / apasiddhAntApattizca / yataH proktaM prazastapAdena -- ' svaviSayasarvagatamiti' / ki ca vidyamAne ghaTe vartamAnaM sAmAnyamanyatra jAyamAnena sambadhyamAnaM tasmAdAgacchatsambadhyate anAgacchadvA ? Adye dravyatvApattiH / dvitIye sambandhAnupapattiH / isake atirikta [ yaha batAveM ki ] sAmAnya sabhI meM hai athavA apane Azraya meM sarvatra sthita hai ? yadi pahale vikalpa ko lete haiM ( sAmAnya sarvagata hai ) to sabhI vastueM Apasa meM mila jAyeMgI ( koI bheda nahIM rahegA, vizRMkhalatA ho jAyagI ) / dUsare, ApakA virodhI siddhAnta A dhamakegA, kyoMki prazastapAda ( vaizeSika - sUtrabhASya ke lekhaka ) kA kathana hai'apane viSayoM yA AzrayoM meM sarvatra vidyamAna hai' / aba [ yadi sAmAnya kevala apane AzramoM meM sarvatobhAvena vidyamAna hai to batAveM ki ] pahale se vidyamAna ghaTa meM upasthita sAmAnya, dUsare sthAna para utpanna hone bAle (ghaTa) se

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bauddha-darzanam sambaddha kara diye jAne para, pahale ghaTa se nikalakara [ dUsare se ] sambaddha hotA hai yA binA nikale hI hue ? agara nikalakara dUsare se sambaddha hotA hai to [sAmAnya ko ] dravya kaheM ( kyoMki dravya meM hI guNa aura kriyA--gamanAdi-hotI hai ) / yadi binA Aye hI sambaddha hotA hai, taba sambandha hI nahIM ho sakatA ( sambandha ke lie sannikarSa Avazyaka hai ) / / kiM ca vinaSTe ghaTe sAmAnyamavatiSThate, vinazyati, sthAnAntaraM gacchati vA? prathame niraadhaartvaapttiH| dvitIye nityatvavAcoyuktyayuktiH / tRtIye dravyatvaprasaktiH--ityAdi dUSaNagrahagrastatvAtsAmAnyamaprAmANikam / taduktam 6. anyatra vartamAnasya tto'nysthaanjnmni|| tasmAdacalataH sthAnAd vRttirityatiyuktatA // [ aba phira batA ki ] ghaTa ke naSTa ho jAne para, yaha sAmAnya vahIM avasthita rahatA hai yA naSTa ho jAtA hai yA dUsarI jagaha calA jAtA hai ? agara vahIM rahatA hai to binA AdhAra ke hI rahegA kaise ? agara naSTa ho jAtA hai to use nitya kahane kI bAta ayukta ho jAtI hai (nitya kA kabhI vinAza nahIM hotA, sAmAnya ko nyAya-vaizeSika meM nitya mAnA gayA hai ) / yadi tIsarA vikalpa ( sthAnAntaraNa ) lete haiM to yaha dravya ho jAyagA ( guNa aura kriyA ke calate ) / isa taraha ke doSoM ke graha se grasta hone ke kAraNa sAmAnya ko aprAmANika kahate haiN| yaha kahA bhI hai-[ sAmAnya ] dUsarI jagaha vartamAna hai ( eka ghaTa meM ghaTatva hai ) aura usase bhinna sthAna meM [ ghaTa ke ] utpanna hone para prathama sthAna se acala [sAmAnya kA dUsare ghaTa meM ] jAnA (vRtti)-isase bar3hakara aura yukti kyA ho sakatI hai !' 7. yatrAsau vartate bhAvastena sambadhyate na tu| taddezinaM ca vyApnoti kimapyetanmahAdbhutam // 8. na yAti na ca tatrAsIdasti pazcAnna cAMzavat / jahAti pUrva nAdhAramaho vyasanasantatiH // iti / anuvRttapratyayaH kimAlambana iti cet-aGga, anyApohAlambana eveti santoSTavyamAyuSmatA, ityalamatiprasaGgena / ___ "jahA~ para vaha bhAva hai usa sthAna se to usakA sambandha nahIM hai, lekina usa sthAna meM rahane vAle padArtha ko vyApta karatA hai-kyA hI vaha vicitra dRzya hai ? ( udAharaNArtha, ghaTarUpI bhAva jisa bhUtala meM hai usa bhUtala se ghaTatva kA sambandha nahIM hai / bhUtala-deza meM vartamAna ghaTa ko lekina ghaTatva vyApta kara letA hai| jaba ghaTa ko ghaTatva vyApta karatA hai to usake AdhAra bhUtala se to usakA sambandha honA hI cAhie, lekina aisA kyoM nahIM hai ? ) [ sAmAnya ] na to jAtA hai, na vaha vahA~ thA hI, na vaha bAda meM Tukar3e hokara hI rahatA hai, na yaha apane pahale AdhAra ko hI chor3atA-kaThinAiyoM kI paramparA vicitra hai !"

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe yadi Apa pUcheM ki 'eka kI sattA aneka meM hai' yaha vizvAsa kisa para avalambita hai, to isakA uttara hogA - he mitra, Apa cirAyu hoM, santoSa kareM ki anya padArtha ke apoha ( tad - bhinna-bhinna ) para hI avalambita hai ( 'yaha ghaTa hai' yaha vAkya Apa kaise mAnate haiM, jabaki ghaTatva sAmAnya ko nahIM mAnate ? yahI zaMkA hai / apohavAda ko svIkAra karake hI yaha vizvAsa hotA hai - yaha ghaTa ghaTetara se bhinna hai / ghaTa se bhinna jina padArthoM kA bodha hotA hai, yaha ghaTa una saboM se bhinna hai / uttara yahI hai ) / aba ise adhika bar3hAnA vyartha hai / vizeSa - - AThaveM zloka meM jAti yA sAmAnya ke viruddha ApattiyAM uThAI gayI haiM / sAmAnya eka jagaha se dUsarI jagaha jAtA nahIM hai, kyoMki kriyA kevala dravya meM hI rahatI hai, sAmAnya meM nahIM / aisA hone para ghaTotpatti ke samaya usameM ghaTatva nahIM rahegA - yaha doSa sambhava hai / yadi yaha kaheM ki mRtpiNDa meM hI ghaTatva thA aura utpanna hote hI ghaTa meM A gayA, to yaha bhI ThIka nahIM, kyoMki ghaTotpatti ke pUrva mRtpiNDa meM ghaTatva thA hI nahIM; ghaTotpatti ke bAda hI ghaTa meM ghaTatva sAmAnya rahatA hai / yaha bhI ayukta hai / yadi phira bhI yaha kaheM ki dUsare ghaTa meM vidyamAna ghaTatva bar3hakara dUsare se sambaddha ho jAtA hai, to uttara hogA ki bAda meM ghaTatva Tukar3e hokara bhI nahIM rahatA / avayava sahita padArtha kI hI vRddhi hotI hai, ghaTatva meM to avayava nahIM - to yaha bar3hegA kaise ? yadi vRddhi nahIM ho aura phira bhI sambandhako svIkAra kareM to sAmAnya kI sattA pahale nahIM raha sakatI / lekina aisI bAta hai nahIM, pratyuta vaha to pUrva AdhAra ko chor3atA hI nahIM / yaha jAti ko svIkAra karane vAloM kI doSa-paramparA hai / 52 ( 16. duHkha aura svalakSaNa kI bhAvanAe~ ) sarvasya saMsArasya duHkhAtmakatvaM sarvatIrthaGkarasammatam / anyathA tannivivRtsUnAM teSAM tannivRttyupAye pravRttyanupapatteH / tasmAtsarvaM duHkhaM duHkhamiti bhAvanIyam / nanu kiMvaditi pRSTe dRSTAntaH kathanIya iti cet -- maivam / svalakSaNAnAM kSaNAnAM kSaNikatayA sAlakSaNyA bhAvAdetena sadRzamaparamiti vaktumazakyatvAt / tataH svalakSaNaM svalakSaNamiti bhAvanIyam / samUce saMsAra ko duHkhAtmaka samajhanA sabhI zAstrakAroM ( Astika, nAstika donoM ) se sammata hai / [ yadi saMsAra duHkhamaya ] na ho to usa (duHkha ) se bacane kI icchA karanevAle vyaktiyoM kI pravRtti duHkhoM se nivRtta hone ke upAyoM ke prati kaise hogI ? yahI kAraNa hai ki [ bauddha loga ] yaha bhAvanA ( vicAra ) rakhate haiM - 'saba kucha duHkha hai, duHkha hai / ' yadi koI pUche ki 'kisakI taraha ( yaha hotA hai ) ? koI udAharaNa to kahiye / ' [ taba hama uttara deMge ki ] aisI bAta nahIM, sabhI padArthoM kA apanA-apanA lakSaNa hai ( All

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bauddha darzanam 53 are types in themselves ) aura ve kSaNika bhI haiN| kisI sAdhAraNa lakSaNa ( yA samAna lakSaNa ) ke abhAva meM yaha kahanA sambhava nahIM hai ki isake samAna yaha dUsarA hai / isalie yaha bhAvanA rakhanI cAhie ki sabhI padArthoM kA apanA lakSaNa hai, apanA lakSaNa hai / vizeSa - bauddhoM kI bhAvanA hai-- sarvam duHkhaM duHkham / saMsAra meM saba kucha duHkha hai / duHkha kI sattA mAnane meM sabhI darzanakAra sahamata haiM / vastutaH bhAratIya darzana kA pramukha aMza bandhana aura mokSa kA hI vivecana karatA hai / bandhana kA artha hai saMsAra ke duHkhoM meM par3A rahanA jarA-maraNa, AvAgamana Adi duHkha hI to haiM / inase bacanA hI mukti hai / kyA cArvAka aura kyA zaMkarAcArya - sabhI duHkha kI anivArya ( kama-se-kama vyAvahArika rUpa se ) sattA mAnate haiM / sAMkhyakArikA kI pahalI kArikA meM hI kahA gayA haiduHkhatrayAbhighAtAjjijJAsA tadapaghAtake hetau / dRSTe sApArthA cennaikAntAtyanto'bhAvAt // * sArAMza yaha ki darzanoM kA matabheda duHkha kI prakRti aura usase bacane ke upAyoM ko lekara hai / duHkha kI vyAkhyA bhagavAn buddha yoM karate haiM 'idaM kho pana bhikkhave, dukkhaM ariya sacca / jAti pi dukkhA, jarApi dukkhA, maraNampi dukkhaM, soka - parideva - domanassupAyAsApi dukkhA, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho, piyehi vippayogo dukkho, yampicchaM na labhati tampi dukkhaM, saMkhyittena paJcapAdAnakkhandhApi dukkhA || ' arthAt he bhikSugaNa, yaha duHkha prathama Aryasatya hai / janma lenA bhI duHkha hai, vRddhAvasthA bhI duHkha hai, maraNa bhI du:kha hai / zoka, paridevanA ( pazcAttApa), udAsInatA tathA parizrama bhI duHkha hai / apriya vastu ke sAtha samAgama honA duHkha hai; priya kA viyoga bhI duHkha hai / jo Ipsita vastu ko nahIM pAtA to vaha bhI duHkha hai / saMkSepa meM ye rAga dvArA pAMcoM skandha ( rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra tathA vijJAna ) bhI duHkha haiM / buddha kA kahanA hai ki ha~sI aura Ananda kaise ho jaba yaha bhava-rUpI bhavana nitya jala rahA hai ? ( ko nu hAso kimAnando niccaM pajjalite sati / dhammapada, 146 ) / bauddhoM kI dUsarI bhAvanA hai - sarvaM svalakSaNaM svalakSaNam / kSaNika hone ke kAraNa sabhI padArthoM kA apanA-apanA lakSaNa yA asAdhAraNa lakSaNa hai / sAmAnya ko ye mAnate nahIM jisase una kSaNika padArthoM ko bhI kisI samAnadharma dvArA lakSaNa kA viSaya ( lakSya ) banAkara sAdhAraNa lakSaNa de sakeM / vastuoM ke svalakSaNa hone ke kAraNa do padArthoM meM sAdRzya nahIM dikhalAyA jA sakatA / isa para aMguliyoM kA dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai jo kabhI samAna nahIM hotIetAsu paJcasvavabhAsinISu pratyakSabodhe sphuTamaGa gulISu / sAdhAraNaM rUpamavekSate yaH zRGga zirasyAtmana IkSate saH // yahI nahIM, sabhI padArthoM ke kSaNika hone ke kAraNa jJAtA bhI to do kSaNa nahIM Thahara prakAra kA ghaTa-rUpa sakatA / koI bhI jJAtA sAdhAraNa-dharma ko jAnakara 'yaha ghaTa hai' isa hI padArthana jAna sakatA /

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54 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ( 17. zUnya kI bhAvanA-mAdhyamika-sampradAya ) evaM zUnyaM zUnyamityapi bhAvanIyam / svapne jAgaraNe ca na mayA dRSTamidaM rajatAdIti viziSTaniSedhasyopalambhAt / yadi dRSTaM sattadA tidviziSTasya darzanasyedantAyA adhiSThAnasya ca tasminnadhyastasya rajatatvAdestatsaMbandhasya ca samavAyAdeH sattvaM syAt / na caitadiSTaM kasyacidvAdinaH / na cArdhajaratIyamucitam / na hi kukkuTayA eko bhAgaH pAkAyAparo bhAgaH prasavAya kalpyatAmiti klpyte| ___ usI prakAra yaha bhAvanA bhI karanI cAhie ki saba kucha zUnya hai| svapna meM yA jAgaraNa kI dazA meM bhI maiMne yaha rajatAdi ( cA~dI Adi ) nahIM dekhA-isa taraha eka vizeSa prakAra ke niSedha kI prApti hotI hai| jo kucha dikhalAI par3e vaha yadi sat ho to usase sambaddha darzana kI isa rUpa meM usake ( idaMtA ke ) AdhAra kI ( jaise zukti kI ), usa para Aropita rajatatva Adi kI tathA una donoM ( rajata aura zukti) ke samavAya (nitya sambandha jaise gandha aura pRthivI meM ) Adi sambandha kI bhI sattA ho jAyagI / lekina yaha kisI bhI vAdI (vipakSI, zAstrArthI ) ko abhISTa nahIM hai| lekina ardhajaratIya-sattA ( AdhA meM eka, AdhA meM dUsarI ) ThIka nahIM hai| murgI kA eka bhAga pacAne ke lie hai, dasarA bhAga aNDe dene ke lie chor3a deM'--aisI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| vizeSa-zUnya kI bhAvanA nAgArjuna ne uThAI hai jinhoMne zUnyavAda yA mAdhyamika sampradAya kI sthApanA kI hai / yadyapi prajJApAramitA, ratnakaraNDa Adi prAcIna satroM meM bhI zUnya kA vicAra hai kintu use siddhAnta kA rUpa dekara sapramANa vivecana karane kA sArA zreya nAgArjuna ko hI hai| unhoMne apanI mAdhyamika-kArikA meM zUnyavAda kA pANDityapUrvaka vizleSaNa kiyA hai ( samaya 200 I0 ) / isake anya AcArya haiM-Aryadeva ( nAgArjunaziSya 200 I0, kRtiyA~-catuHzataka, cittavizuddhiprakaraNa Adi ), buddhapAlita ( mA0 kA0 kI vyAkhyA, 5vIM zatAbdI ), bhAvaviveka ( saMskRta meM inake grantha aprApya, mA0 kA0 vyAkhyA, madhyamArthasaMgraha, karamaNi ), candrakIti ( SaSThazatI, mAdhyamikAvatAra, prasannapadA = mA0 kA0 vyAkhyA, catuHzataka TIkA ), zAntideva ( nAlandA ke jayadeva ke ziSya, bodhicaryAvatAra, 7vIM zatI ), zAntarakSita ( nAlandA ke pradhAna, tibbatayAtrA karake vahA~ samme vihAra kI 749 I0 sthApanA, tatvasaMgraha ) / isakI sthApanA-sIpI ( zukti ) meM cA~dI ke bhrama se koI usake pAsa gayA kintu cA~dI nahIM dekha sakA / aba eka niSedha kI prApti ho gaI-maiMne svapna yA jAgaraNa meM cA~dI nahIM dekhI / yahA~ para 'nahIM' ( natra ) kA sambandha kAraka Adi se milI huI kriyA ke sAtha hai| isalie yahA~ para trividhAtmaka niSedha prApta huA--darzana kriyA kA, usake kartA dekhanevAle kA, usake karma dRzya vastu kaa| yahI nahIM, dUsare rUpa meM dharmI, dharma aura unake sambandha

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boDa-varzanam 55 kA bhI niSedha ho jAtA hai / dharmoM sIpI hai, usakA dharma (idaM rajatam meM idantA kA AdhAra) rajatatva hai, donoM ke niSedha se rajatatva ke samAna hI zukti Adi ( donoM ke sambandha Adi ) kA bhI niSedha ho jAtA hai jisase zUnyavAda meM sahAyatA milatI hai| dUsare dArzanika jaise naiyAyika Adi pUre kA niSedha nahIM karate, kahIM vizeSaNa kA niSedha hotA hai, kahIM kriyA kA / 'andhakAra meM maiMne ghar3A nahIM dekhA'-isameM kevala darzanakriyA kA niSedha hai, na ki draSTA yA aMdhakAra yA ghar3e kA / 'pairoM se jAtA hai, ratha se nahIM jAtA'-isameM pradhAnabhUta gamanakriyA kA bhI niSedha nahIM hai / vidhi aura pratiSedha vizeSaNa para hI lagate haiM yadi vizeSya kI bAdhA hoM. isalie kevala ratha kA hI niSedha hai / zUnyavAdiyoM ko yaha ThIka nahIM jaMcatA / AdhA niSedha aura AdhA vidhi--yaha kyA tamAzA hai ? vidhAna ho to saboM kA, niSedha ho to saboM kA, lekina virodhI loga to mAneMge hI nhiiN| - ardhajaratIya-nyAya ( AdhA bUr3hA, AdhA javAna ) ho nahIM sktaa| zUnyavAda meM saboM kA niSedha hotA hai| tasmAdadhyastAdhiSThAna-tatsambandha-darzana-dRSTaNAM madhya ekasyAnekasya vA asattve niSedhaviSayatvena sarvasyAsattvaM balAdApatediti bhagavatopadiSTe 'mAdhyamikAH' tAvaduttamaprajJA itthamacIkathana-bhikSupAdaprasAraNanyAyena, kSaNabhaGgAdyabhidhAnamukhena, sthAyitvAnukUlavedanIyatvAnugatatva-sarvasatyatvabhramavyAvartanena sarvazUnyatAyAmeva paryavasAnam / atastattvaM sadasadubhayAnubhayAtmakacatuSkoTivinirmuktaM zUnyameva / ___ isalie, ( 1 ) Aropita vastu ( rajatatva ) ke adhiSThAna ( AdhAra, jaise sIpI ), ( 2 ) unake sambandha, ( 3 ) darzana-kriyA aura ( 4 ) draSTA-inake bIca eka ke yA aneka ke asat hone se, niSedha kA viSaya hokara saboM kI a-sattA balAt ( jabardastI ) A jAtI hai / isa prakAra bhagavAna buddha ke upadeza dene para uttama buddhivAle mAdhyamikoM ne aisA kahAbhikSuoM ke paira phailAne kI taraha ( manthara gati se), kSaNabhaMga ityAdi zabdoM ke kahane se tathA sthAyitva ( sthira honA ), anukUla vedanA honA, upasthita honA (sAmAnya ), saba satya honA-ina bhramoM ko haTAne [ buddha ke vacanoM kA ] yahI abhiprAya hai ki saba kucha zUnya / isalie tattva ( darzana kA mUla padArtha ) zUnya hI hai jo ina cAra koTiyoM se nitAnta mukta haiM-(1) sat, ( 2 ) asat, ( 3 ) ubhayAtmaka, (4) anubhayAtmaka / [ abhiprAya yaha hai ki zUnya use kahate haiM jo sat bhI nahIM ho, na asat ho, na sadasat ho, na sadasat se bhinna hI ho / zUnya eka anirvacanIya tattva hai jisakA kevala jJAna hI hai| vizeSa-mAdhyamikoM kA anirvacanIya zUnya-tattva advaitavedAntiyoM ke advaitatattva se milatA hai| vivekacUDAmaNi meM mAyA ke viSaya meM likhA gayA hai sannApyasannApyubhayAtmikA no bhinnApyabhinnApyubhayAtmikA no| sAGgApyanaGgApyubhayAtmikA no mahAdbhutA'nirvacanIyarUpA /

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahemAyAvAda meM aise hI zabdoM kA prayoga karane ke kAraNa zaMkarAcArya ko unake virodhiyoM ne 'pracchannabauddha' taka kaha diyA hai / isake alAve buddha ko bhI logoM ne advayavAdI, advaitI Adi vizeSaNa diye haiM / vastutaH, zUnyavAda aura advaitavAda meM maulika antara hote hue bhI itanA sAmya hai ki vidvAnoM ko bhI cakita raha jAnA par3atA hai| tathA hi-yadi ghaTAdeH sattvaM svabhAvastahi kArakavyApAravaiyarthyam / asattvaM svabhAva iti pakSe prAcIna eva doSaH prAduHSyAt / yathoktam / 9. na sataH kAraNApekSA vyomAderiva yujyate / kAryasyAsambhavI hetuH khapuSpAderivAsataH // iti / jaise ( isakA vizleSaNa karane para )-yadi ghaTAdi kA svabhAva sat honA hai taba to isake banAnevAle kI ceSTAeM vyartha hI hoNgii| ( ghaTa sat hI hai to ise banAnA kyA ?) yadi 'svabhAva asat honA hai' yaha pakSa lete haiM to vahI purAnA doSa ise ghera legA / ( yadi ghaTa asat hai to kyA kumbhakAra ise kabhI banA sakatA hai ? kisI bhI dazA meM kAraka yA nirmAtA kI AvazyakatA nahIM, usakI sthiti sandigdha ho jAtI hai--nAsato vidyate bhAvo nAbhAvo vidyate sataH / gItA 2 / 16 ) jaisA ki kahA gayA hai-'AkAza Adi kI taraha sat vastu ke kAraNa kI AvazyakatA ThIka nahIM lagatI aura dUsarI ora, AkAzakusuma kI taraha asat kArya kA hetu ( kAraNa ) bhI asambhava hai|' vizeSa-zUnyavAda cUMki cAra koTiyoM se vinirmukta hai isalie prastuta sandarbha meM prathama do koTiyoM kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| tadanusAra ghaTa na sat hai aura na asat / pichalI do koTiyoM ( ubhayAtmaka aura anubhayAtmaka ) kA khaNDana aba kiyA jaaygaa| virodhAditaro pakSAvanupapannau / taduktaM bhagavatA laGkAvatAre10. buddhayA vivicyamAnAnAM svabhAvo naavdhaaryte| ato nirabhilapyAste niHsvabhAvAzca darzitAH // iti / 11. idaM vastu balAyAtaM yadvadanti vipazcitaH / yathA yathArthAzcintyante vizIryante tathA tathA // iti ca / na kvacidapi pakSe vyavatiSThata ityarthaH / bAda ke donoM pakSa ( sat asat donoM honA, sat asat donoM meM eka bhI na honA ) svayaM hI virodhI haiM isalie [ binA prayAsa ke hI ] asiddha ho jAte haiN| bhagavAn ne jaisA ki laMkAvatAra-sUtra' meM kahA hai-'jina padArthoM kA vivecana buddhi se hotA hai, unake svabhAva 1-laMkAvatAra-sUtra vijJAnavAda ke siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana karanevAlA saMskRta graMtha hai / kula 10 pariccheda haiN| prathama pariccheda meM grantha kI racanA ke kAraNoM kA varNana hai jisameM kahA hai ki buddha ne laMkA meM jAkara rAvaNa ko ye zikSAeM dI thiiN| isalie grantha kA nAma laMkAvatAra-sUtra hai|

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57 baukha-parzanam kA nirNaya nahIM hotaa| isalie ve ( padArtha ) anirvacanIya tathA svabhAvahIna dikhalAye gaye haiN|' aura bhI--'yaha vastu balAt utpatra huI hai, yaha vidvAn loga bolate haiN| jaise-jaise padArthoM kA cintana hotA hai vaise-vaise hI ve naSTa ho jAte haiM / ' abhiprAya yaha hai ki padArtha ko kisI bhI pakSa ( koTi ) meM rahane kI vyavasthA nahIM dI jA sktii| dRSTArthavyavahArazca svapnavyavahAravatsaMvRtyA saMgacchate / ata evoktam12. parivATa-kAmuka-zunAmekasyAM prmdaatnau| __ kuNapaH kAminI bhakSya iti tisro vikalpanAH // iti / tadevaM bhAvanAcatuSTayavazAnnikhilavAsanAnivRttau paranirvANaM zUnyarUpaM setsyatIti vayaM kRtArthAH, nAsmAkamupadezyaM kiMcidastIti / dekhI jAnevAlI vastuoM kA vyavahAra svapna-vyavahAra ke samAna avidyA ( yA kalpanA) se calatA hai / ( saboM ko zUnya mAnane ke bAda dRzyamAna jagat svapna-vyavahAravat kalpanA hai / ThIka isI prakAra zaMkara ko anivarcanIya brahma mAna lene para saMsAra kI vyAkhyA ke lie mAyA-zakti aura vyAvahArika-sattA mAnanI par3atI hai)| isalie kahA hai-'eka strIzarIra meM saMnyAsI, kAmI aura kutte kI tIna vibhinna kalpanAe~ hotI haiM ki yaha asthipaMjara hai, kAminI yA khAne kI cIja hai|' ( isI taraha saMsAra meM logoM ke vikalpa haiM ) / to isI prakAra cAroM bhAvanAoM (kSaNika, duHkha, svalakSaNa, zUnya ) ke vaza, sArI vAsanAoM ke nivRtta ho jAne para, zUnya ke rUpa meM parama ( antima ) nirvANa (mokSa) mila jAyagA-isa taraha hamArA kAma samApta ho gayA, aba hameM kisI upadeza kI AvazyakatA nahIM / [ uparyukta uktiyA~ AcAryoM kI haiM jo svayaM nirvANa pAkara ( hInayAnI hokara ) nivRtta ho gaye / aba ziSyoM ke mukta hone kI bhI vidhi batalAI jaaygii|] ziSyastAvadyogazcAcArazceti dvayaM karaNIyam tatrAprAptasyArthasya prAptaye paryanuyogo yogaH / guruktasyArthasyAGgIkaraNamAcAraH / gurUktasyAGgIkaraNAduttamAH, paryanuyogasyAkaraNAdadhamAzca / atasteSAM mAdhyamikA iti prasiddhiH // aba ziSyoM ko do kAma karanA hai-yoga aura AcAra / unameM aprApta jJAna kI prApti ke lie prazna karanA yoga kahalAtA hai| guru kI kahI huI bAtoM ko svIkAra karanA AcAra kahalAtA hai / guru kI kahI bAtoM ko aMgIkRta karanevAle ye ( bauddha ) uttama haiM / dUsarI ora, ye prazna nahIM karane ke kAraNa adhama bhI haiM, isalie inakI mAdhyamika ke rUpa meM vizeSa khyAti hai| vizeSa-mAdhavAcArya mAdhyamika nAma par3ane kA eka vicitra kAraNa dete haiN| cUMki ye uttama aura adhama donoM haiM isalie mAdhyamika ( bIcavAlA eka tIsarA sampradAya ) kahalAte / haiM kintu vastusthiti dUsarI hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se buddha ke madhyama-mArga ( bhoga aura

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sarvadarzanasaMgraha tapasyA ke bIca kA mArga) kA pratipAdana karane se ye mAdhyamika hue| tatpazcAt, tattvavivecana kI dRSTi se zAzvatavAda aura ucchedavAda kI aikAntika vicAradhArAoM ko chor3akara inhoMne madhya-patha kA Alambana liyA / zAzvatavAda vaha siddhAnta hai jisake anusAra AtmA aura paraloka bhI nitya haiM / dIghanikAya meM 62 matavAdoM meM isakA ullekha hai| dUsarI ora ucchedavAda ajitakezakambala kA mata thA jisameM mRtyu ke anantara AtmA kI sattA meM vizvAsa nahIM kiyA jAtA / pRthivI Adi cAra tatvoM se banA huA zarIra marane ke bAda inhIM meM vilIna ho jAtA hai, kucha bhI nahIM bacatA / isake alAve zUnyavAda kI sthApanA sat aura asat ke madhya-bindu para hI huI hai isalie bhI isa sampradAya ko mAdhyamika kahate haiM / ( 18. yogAcAra-mata-vijJAnavAda ) gurUktaM bhAvanAcatuSTayaM bAhyArthasya zUnyatvaM cAGgIkRtyAntarasya zUnyatvaM cAGgIkRtaM kathamiti paryanuyogasya karaNAt kessaanycidyogaacaarprthaa| eSA hi teSAM paribhASA-svayaMvedanaM tAvadaGgIkAryam / anyathA jagadAndhyaM prasajyeta / tatkItitaM dharmakotinA apratyakSopalambhasya nArthadRSTiH prasidhyati / iti / dUsare kucha ( bauddhoM ko yogAcAra ke nAma se pukArate haiM, kyoMki AdhyAtmika guruoM kI batAI huI cAroM bhAvanAoM aura bAhya padArthoM kI zUnyatA kA aMgIkaraNa ( AcAra) karake punaH yaha prazna ( yoga ) bhI karate haiM ki Antarika-padArthoM ( jaise-cittAdi ) kI zUnyatA kyoM svIkAra karate haiM ? cUMki unakI yaha paribhASA ( siddhAnta ) hai-kama-se-kama apanA jJAna (svayaMvedana Self-Subsistent Knowledge ) to svIkAra kareM. nahIM to aisA prasaMga ho jAyagA ki samUce saMsAra ko andhA mAnanA par3egA ( yadi apanA jJAna yA jJAtA kA jJAna bhI zanya hI ho to jAnanevAlA kauna rahegA ? jJAtA ke abhAva meM pUrA saMsAra hI andhA hai, kisI ko kucha bhI nahIM sUjhatA-Antara-bAhya sabhI to zUnya haiN| isIlie yogAcAra-mata meM bAhya padArtha zUnya hai, Antara satya ) / aisA hI dharmakIrti ne kahA bhI hai-'jo pratyakSa ko bhI nahIM mAnatA, padArthoM kI dRSTi bhI usakI ThIka nahIM hai|' (dharmakIrti ke kathana kA abhiprAya hai ki jisa buddhi se hama padArthoM kA jJAna pAte haiM, use to mAnanA hogA, use zUnya mAnane para padArthoM ke vicAra kI zakti kahA~ se AvegI ? yahA~ para pratyakSa kA abhiprAya hai buddhi kI kSamatA, jJAtA kA jJAna, svasaMvedana ityAdi / prasiddhayati sAmarthya hai ) / vizeSa-yogAcAra kA dUsarA nAma vijJAnavAda hai / isakA janma zUnyavAda kI pratikriyA ke phalasvarUpa huA thA / mAdhyamikoM ke anusAra samasta saMsAra asatya pratIta hotA hai kintu inakA kahanA hai ki jisa buddhi se yaha pratIta hotA hai, use to satya mAneM / ataeva buddhi, citta, mana yA vijJAna hI ekamAtra satya padArtha hai| vijJAna ko mAnane se hI isakA

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bauddha-darzanam nAma vijJAnavAda hai| apekSAkRta isa mata kA pracAra deza-videza meM adhika huA tathA isI sampradAya ne naiyAyikoM se lar3akara bauddha-nyAya ko janma diyA / bauddha-nyAya kA artha hai yogAcAra--sampradAya ke grantha / laMkAvatAra-sUtra isa sampradAya kA bahuta prAmANika graMtha hai, jo mUla saMskRta meM dasa paricchedoM meM hai| isa sampradAya ke pramukha AcArya haiM-maitreyanAtha ( mUla saMskRta meM kaI graMtha aprApya, kevala 'abhisamayAlaMkArikA' 8 paricchedoM meM prApta ), Arya asaMga (maitreyaziSya, 4thI zatI, kRtiyA~-mahAyAnasaMparigraha, yogAcArabhUmizAstra, mahAyAna-sUtrAlaMkAra ), vasubandhu (asaMga ke choTe bhAI, pahale vaibhASika bAda meM bhAI ke samparka se vijJAnavAdI, kR0-saddharmapuMDarIka TIkA, mahAparinirvANa-sUtra TIkA, vajracchedikAprajJApAramitA TIkA, vijJaptimAtratAsiddhivizikA aura trizikA do saMskaraNa), sthiramati ( vasubandhu ke ziSya, unake sabhI graMthoM para TokAeM aura bhASya), diGnAga (kAMcI ke brAhmaNa, vasubandhu ke ziSya, 5vIM zatI, tAntrika, zAstrArthI, kRtiyA~-pramANa-samuccaya tathA usakI vRtti, Alambana-parIkSA, hetucakranirNaya, trikAlaparIkSA, nyAyapradeza kevala yahI grantha saMskRta meM pUrA prApta / ghora naiyAyika, gautama aura vAtsyAyana kA khaMDana, udyotakara dvArA nyAyavArtika meM svayaM khaMDita, bauddha-nyAya ke pratiSThApaka), zaMkarasvAmI (diGa nAga ke ziya), dharmapAla (nAlandA vihAra ke kulapati, zIlabhadra ke guru, bauddha granthoM kI TIkAeM), dharmakIti [kumArila ke samakAlika, itsiga dvArA ullekha, dharmapAla ke ziSya, 625 I0, pracaMDa tArkika, kRtiyA~-pramANavArtika, pramANavinizcaya, nyAyabindu, sambandhaparIkSA, hetubindu, vAdanyAya, santAnAntarasiddhi ] / ( 19. bAhya padArtha kA khaNDana ) bAnaM grAhyaM nopapadyata eva / vikalpAnupapatteH / artho jJAnagrAhyo bhavannutpanno bhavati anutpanno vA? na pUrvaH, utpannasya sthityabhAvAt / nAparaH, anutpannasyAsattvAt / atha manyethAH--'atIta evArtho jJAnagrAhyastajjanakatvAditi' tadapi bAlabhASitam / vartamAnatAvabhAsavirodhAt / indriyAderapi jJAnajanakatvena grAhyatvaprasaMgAcca / [ mAdhyamikoM kI taraha yaha to hama mAnate hI haiM ki ] bAhya grAhya (pratyakSIkaraNIya, satya ) ke rUpa meM siddha nahIM hI hotA (= bAhya padArtha ko asat to hama bhI mAnate haiM ) / kAraNa yaha hai ki isake viSaya meM diye gaye donoM vikalpa asiddha ho jAte haiN| ve haiM[ ghaTAdi ] padArtha jJAna ke dvArA grAhya hai, [ to hama pUchate haiM ki ] vaha utpanna hone ke bAda jJAna-grAhya hotA hai yA binA utpanna hue hI ? utpanna hone ke bAda vaha jJAna-grAhya ho nahIM sakatA ( zabdazaH-pahalA vikalpa ThIka nahIM), kyoMki utpanna padArtha kI sthiti nahIM ho sakatI ( koI bhI vastu utpanna hone para eka kSaNa hI Thahara sakatI hai, dUsare kSaNa meM usakA vinAza ho jAtA hai / utpattidAle kSaNa meM to jJAna dvArA vaha grAhya nahIM hai, kyoMki padArtha

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60 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe kI sattA kA kAraNa jJAna hI hai| kAraNa kArya ke pUrva hotA hai, isalie jJAna artha ke pahale rahanA cAhie / jJAna se grahaNa karate-karate to artha naSTa ho jAtA hai to kaise bAhyArtha jJAnagrAhya hoMge ? ) dUsarA vikalpa bhI sambhava nahIM ( binA utpanna hue koI padArtha jJAnagrAhya ho hI nahIM sakatA ), kyoMki binA utpanna hue kisI vastu kI sattA hI nahIM hogI ( aura isa dazA meM hamArA siddhAnta - bAhyArthazUnyatvavAda - kharA hI utaratA hai ) / I phira bhI yadi yaha mAnate ho ki bhUtakAlika padArtha hI jJAna ke dvArA grAhya haiM, kyoMki use ( jJAna ko ) utpanna karate haiM to yaha bhI mUrkho kI-sI bAta ho jAyagI / ( abhiprAya yaha hai ki jJAnakAla meM artha bhale hI vidyamAna na ho, kintu jJAnotpAdana ke sambandha meM to jJAnagrAhya ho sakatA hai / ) kAraNa yaha hai ki aisA mAnane para vastuoM ke vartamAna kAla meM pratIti kA virodha ho jAyagA / ( yadi bhUtakAla meM hI padArtha jJAna-grAhya hote haiM to vartamAna meM unakI pratIti kaise sambhava hai ? ) dUsarI Apatti yaha hai ki indriyA~ bhI [ cUMki jJAna kA sAdhana haiM, isalie ve ] jJAna utpanna karake grAhya bana jAyeMgI ( artha yaha hai ki jaba jJAna ke utpAdana sambandha se hI koI vastu grAhya hotI haiM, taba to indriya Adi jo apratyakSa haiM, inakA bhI grahaNa hone lagegA / isase vizRMkhalatA A jAyagI ) / kiM ca, grAhyaH kiM paramANurUpo'rtho'vayavirUpo vA / na caramaH kRtsnaikadezavikalpAdinA tannirAkaraNAt / na prathamaH atIndriyatvAt / SaTkena yugapadyogasya bAdhakatvAcca / yathoktam 13. SaTakena yugapadyogAtparamANoH SaDaMzatA / teSAmapyekadezatve piNDaH syAdaNumAtrakaH // iti // [ hama phira pUchate haiM ki ] yaha grAhya artha paramANu ( Atom ) ke rUpa meM hai yA aMgapratyaMga se yukta koI zarIrI hai ? dUsarA ( zarIradhArI kA ) vikalpa ho nahIM sakatA, kyoMki 'pUre meM grAhya hai yA eka bhAga meM isa prakAra ke vikalpAdi lagAkara usakA nirAkara kara sakate haiM / ( avayavI ke rUpa meM ghaTAdi kRtsna yA pUrNarUpa meM jJAna grAhya hai ki usakA eka bhAga jJAna-grAhya hotA hai ? pahalA vikalpa sambhava nahIM, kyoMki pUrNarUpa kA indriya se sambandha ho nahIM sakatA / dUsarA vikalpa bhI asambhava hai, kyoMki eka bhAga ko hama ghaTa nahIM kaha sakate to phira avayavI ghaTAdi jJAnagrAhya kaise hogA ? ) pahalA vikalpa ( paramANu ke rUpa meM grA honA ) bhI kaThina hai, kyoMki paramANu kA grahaNa indriyoM se hotA hI nahIM / dUsare, chaha ( dizAoM ) ke sAtha usake eka sAtha yoga hone meM bAdhA pahu~catI hai / (chaha dizAeM haiMpUrva, dakSiNa, pazcima, uttara, Upara aura nIce / paramANu cUMki niravayava hai, isalie ina chahoM ke sAtha paramANu kA eka sAtha ( yugapat ) sambandha nahIM ho sakatA / yadi hotA hai to paramANu avayavahIna kaise hogA ? yahI SaTka paramANu ke avayavahIna hone meM bAdhaka hai / )

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bauddha darzanam 61 jaisA ki kahA bhI gayA hai--' chaha ( dizAoM ) ke sAtha yugapat ( samakAlika ) yoga hone se paramANu ke chaha tala (aMza, bhAga ) siddha hote haiM ( jaise paramANu kA UparI bhAga, pazcimI bhAga, dakSiNI bhAga Adi ) / aura inheM eka-eka bhAga karake liyA jAya to aNu ke AkAra kA koI bhI piNDa ( Thosa padArtha ) bana sakatA hai / ' ( isa prakAra grAhyatA ke abhAva meM paramANu asat hai, yaha avayavahIna nahIM ) / ( 20. buddhi kA svayaM prakAzita honA ) tasmAtsvavyatiriktagrAhyavirahAttadAtmikA buddhi: svayameva svAtmarUpaprakAzikA prakAzavaditi siddham / taduktam - 14. nAnyo'nubhAvyo buddhayAsti tasyA nAnubhavo'paraH / grAhyagrAhaka vaidhuryAtsvayaM saiva prakAzate // iti // grAhyagrAhakayorabhedazcAnumAtavyaH / yadvedyate yena vedanena, tattato na bhidyate yathA jJAnenAtmA / vedyante taizca nIlAdayaH / isalie, cUMki buddhi ko apane atirikta koI dUsarA grAhya nahIM ataH una viSayoM ke svarUpa meM rahanevAlI vaha buddhi svayaM hI, prakAza kI taraha apane rUpa ko prakAzita karane vAlI hai--yaha siddha huA / aisA kahA bhI hai- 'buddhi ke dvArA grAhya ( anubhava karane yogya ) dUsarA koI padArtha nahIM ( buddhi ke dvArA svayaM buddhi hI grAhya, dUsarI cIjeM nahIM; buddhi kisI dUsare padArtha ko viSaya nahI banAtI ) / na to usase bar3hakara koI anubhava hI hai / [ isalie buddhi ke alAve bAhara ] kisI bhI grAhya aura grAhaka ke abhAva ke kAraNa vaha apane-Apa hI prakAzita hotI hai / ' ( prakAza to apane-Apako prakAzita karake saMsAra ke anya padArthoM ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai, kintu buddhi kevala apane ko prakAzita karatI hai, bAhya arthoM ko nahIM / ) grAhya aura grAhaka meM bheda nahIM hai - yaha anumAna kara leN| jisa vedana ( jJAna ) se jisako jAnA jAtA hai, vaha usase bhinna nahIM hai ( jJAna aura jJAna-vastu meM antara nahIM hai ) jaise jJAna se AtmA [ pRthaka nahIM hai ] / ( jJAna se AtmA ko jAnate haiM, isalie vahA~ AtmA aura jJAna eka hI haiM - advaita vedAntiyoM kA anusaraNa karake yaha dRSTAnta liyA gayA hai ) / una jJAnoM se hI nIlAdi padArthoM ko jAnA jAtA hai / kSaNika padArthoM kA jJAna bhI usI se hotA hai ) bhede hi sati adhunA anenArthasya sambandhitvaM syAt / tAdAtmyasya niyamahetorabhAvAt / tadutpatteraniyAmakatvAt / yazcAyaM grAhayagrAhakasaMvitInAM pRthagavabhAsaH sa ekasmizcandramasi dvitvAvabhAsa iva bhramaH / atrApyanAdiravicchinnapravAhA bhedavAsanaiva nimittam / yathoktam

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62 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe nIlatadviyoH / 15. sahopalambhaniyamAdabhedo medazca bhrAntivijJAnaMdRzyetendAvivAdvaye // iti // 16. avibhAgo'pi buddhayAtmA viparyAsitadarzanaiH / grAhyagrAhakasaMvittibhedavAniva labhyate // iti ca // (sa0 si0 saM0, pR0 12 ) [ isa prakAra viSaya aura vijJAna meM abheda dikhalAkara, bheda hone para Apatti dikhalAte haiM ki yadi viSaya aura vijJAna meM ] bheda mAnA jAya to isa samaya jJAna ke sAtha vastu kA koI sambandha nahIM rahegA, kyoMki [ sambandha ] kA niyama batalAne vAlA koI tAdAtmya hI nahIM rahegA / [ Azaya yaha hai ki 'jaba jJAna hai to viSaya ke sAtha hai' isa prakAra jJAna ke sAtha artha kA niyata sambandha hai / kintu usakA mUla hai tAdAtmya kyoMki jJAna aura saviSaya - ye donoM samAnArthaka haiM / yaha tAdAtmyasambandha nahIM raha sakatA yadi jJAna aura viSaya ko pRthak mAneM / isa prakAra sambandha kA niyama asiddha ho jAyagA / ] ( itanA hone para bhI yadi bhedapakSa meM artha kA nimitta jJAna ko svIkAra kareM, taba to viSaya se utpanna honevAlI jJAnotpatti hI sambandha batalA sakegI / isalie phira uttara dete haiM -) dUsare; tadutpatti ( kAryakAraNabhAva ) bhI sambandha kA niyamana nahIM kara sakatI ( aisI bAta nahIM ki ghaTarUpI kArya ke sAtha kumbhakAra, cakra, daNDAdi kAraNoM kA sambandha nitya hai / niSkarSa yaha hai ki tAdAtmya yA tadutpatti kisI se bhI viSaya aura vijJAna meM bheda siddha karanA kaThina hai ) / yaha jo grAhya aura grAhaka kI dhAraNAoM ( saMvitti cetanA Consciousness ) ke pRthak hone kI pratIti hotI hai vaha eka candramA meM do ( candra ) hone kI pratIti kI taraha bhrama hai / yahA~ bhI bhrama kA nimitta kAraNa bheda kI vAsanA ( janmajAta saMskAra ) hai, jisakA Adi nahIM aura na jisakA pravAha hI kabhI TUTatA hai / jaisA ki kahA gayA hai'eka sAtha prApta hone kA [ ina donoM meM ] niyama hai, isalie nIla ( kSaNika padArtha ) aura usake jJAna meM koI bheda nahIM / bheda to bhrAnta jJAna ke kAraNa, eka candra meM [ do candra ke ] bhrama kI taraha dRSTigocara hotA hai / " ( nIla aura usakA jJAna kramazaH viSaya aura vijJAna hai, ye donoM sAtha dekhe jAte haiM / eka ke na rahane para dUsarA rahegA - aisA ho nahIM sakatA / jo jisake sAtha niyamataH upalabdha hotA hai, vaha usase abhinna hai / jaise ghaTa miTTI se abhinna hai usI taraha yahA~ samajheM ) / " 1. tulanIya - sahopalambhaniyamAdabhedo nIlataddhiyoH / anyaccetsaMvido nIlaM na tadbhAseta saMvidi // bhAsate cetkutaH sarvaM na bhAsekasaMvidi / niyAmakaM na sambandhaM pazyAmo nIlataddhiyoH // ( vivaraNaprameyasaMgraha, pR0 75 ) /

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bauddha darzanam 63 aura bhI - " yadyapi buddhi kI AtmA ( = svarUpa ) avibhakta hai, eka hI hai tathApi bhrama ( viparyAsa ) se bharI A~khoM ke kAraNa aisA pratIta hotA hai ki grAhya aura grAhaka kI cetanA ( jJAna ) se isameM bheda banA huA hai / " ( buddhi eka hai, para anAdi bhadavAsanA se isameM tIna bheda - jJeya, jJAtA aura jJAna -- to spaSTa avabhAsita hote haiM ) / na ca rasavIryavipAkAdi samAnamAzAmodakopArjitamodakAnAM syAditi veditavyam / vastuto vedya-vedakAkAravidhurAyA api buddheH vyavahartRparijJAnAnurodhena vibhinnagrAhyagrAhakAkA rarUpavattayA timirAdyupahatAkSNA kezoNDukanADIjJAnabhedavat anAdyupaplavavAsanAsAmarthyAt vyavasthopapatteH paryanuyogAyogAt / yathoktam 17. avedyavedakAkArA yathA bhrAntainirIkSyate vibhaktalakSaNagrAhya grAhakAkA raviplavA // [ kucha loga zAyada samajhate hoMge ki jaba vijJAnavAdI samasta bAhyArtha ko asat ke rUpa meM eka samAna mAnate haiM taba to kAlpanika vAstavika padArtha meM bhI kucha antara nahIM mAnate hoMge / virodhiyoM kI isa zaMkA kI AzA vijJAnavAdiyoM ne pahale se kI thI aura isalie ve kahate haiM ] / aisA na samajheM ki kAlpanika miThAI ( AzAmodaka ) aura vAstavika miThAI ( upArjita modaka ) donoM ke khAne para rasa, vIrya, vipAka ( pacanA ) Adi eka hI taraha ke hoMge ( AzAmodaka kI taraha hI upArjita modaka bhI kalpanAmaya hai aura donoM ke khAne kA samAna phala hogA- aisI bAta nahIM hai ) / Apa isa taraha kA prazna ( paryanuyoga ) nahIM kara sakate haiM / vAstavikatA yaha hai ki buddhi bhale hI jJeya (vedya ) aura jJAtA ( vedaka ) ke rUpoM se bilkula pRthak ( vidhura ) ho tathApi prayoga karanevAloM ( vyavaharttA ) se jJAna kA anurodha yahI hai ( ki buddhi ke jJAtA jJeya rUpa se bheda haiM- 'maiM ghaTa janatA hU~' - isameM 'maiM' jJAtA aura 'ghaTa' jJeya hai ) / yahI kAraNa hai ki [ yadyapi buddhi na to jJAtAkAra hai, na jJAnAkAra aura jJeyAkAra phira bhI ] grAhyagrAhaka ke AkAra meM vibhinna rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai / yaha vyavasthA ( bheda- dazA ) eka anAdi mithyA jJAnaviSayaka vAsanA ( citta meM jamI huI bhAvanA ) kI zakti ke kAraNa hai ( = mithyAjJAna eka anAdi vAsanA hai isI se grAhya-grAhaka ke rUpa meM buddhi ke bheda pratIta hote haiM | ( udAharaNArtha - ) jinakI A~kheM timira ( eka netra roga ) Adi ( pittaAdi ) doSoM se dUSita haiM unheM [ AkAza meM ] kabhI keza kI taraha, kabhI uNDuka ( makar3ajAla ) kI taraha aura kabhI nAr3I kI taraha [ rekhA dikhalAI par3atI hai ] - isI jJAna ke bheda kI taraha ( uparyukta - vyavasthA bhI hai ) / [ sArAMza yaha huA ki vAsanA ke kAraNa hI upArjita modaka khAkara tRpta hone kA jJAna hotA hai, AzAmodaka se aisA nahIM hotA / jJAna kA bheda vAsanA ke bheda se hI siddha hotA []

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe jaisA ki kahA gayA hai - ' [ vastutaH ] vedya aura vedaka ke AkAra meM buddhi nahIM hai, kintu bhrama meM par3e hue loga isake lakSaNa ( svarUpa ) ko vibhakta -- grAhya ( ghaTAdi ) aura grAhaka ( Atma-vyavasAya ) ke AkAroM se sampanna - dekhate haiM / ' ( isakA kAraNa Age zloka meM hai ) / 64 18. tathA kRtavyavastheyaM kezAdijJAnabhedavat / yadA tadA na saMcodyA grAhyagrAhakalakSaNA // iti / tasmAd buddhirevAnAdivAsanAvazAt anekAkArAvabhAsata iti siddham / tatazca prAgukta- bhAvanA - pracaya-balAt nikhila vAsanoccheda-vigalita- vividhaviSayAkA ropaplava vizuddha-vijJAnodayo mahodaya iti / 'ThIka usI prakAra isa ( buddhi ) meM grAhya aura grAhaka ke do svarUpoM kI vyavasthA ( bheda ) jaba kezAdi -jJAna ke bheda kI taraha kI jAtI hai taba saMdeha nahIM rahanA cAhie [ ki buddhi ke do bheda vastutaH hI haiM ] / ' isalie hamArI yaha buddhi hI anAdi vAsanA ke vaza aneka AkAroM meM pratIta hotI hai - yaha siddha huA / pAzcAttya darzana kA pratyayavAda -- Idealism - isa vijJAnavAda se bilakula milatA-julatA hai / isake anusAra pratyaya yA ideas hI saMsAra kI mUlasattA arthAt Ultimate Reality hai / saMsAra meM jo kucha dekhate haiM ve pratyayoM ke hI prakSepa haiM, bAhyArtha kucha nahIM haiM / isake vivecana ke lie bhUmikA - bhAga dekheM ] / isake bAda pahale kahI gayI cAra bhAvanAoM ( kSaNika, duHkha svalakSaNa aura zUnya ) kI vRddhi ke bala se, sabhI vAsanAoM kA uccheda ( vinAza ) ho jAtA hai jisase vividha prakAra ke viSayoM ke AkAra meM jo mithyAjJAna upaplava) hote haiM ve gala jAte haiM tathA vizuddha vijJAna ( Consciousness ) kA janma hotA hai - yahI mokSa ( mahodaya ) hai | ( 21. sautrAntika-mata - bAhyArthAnumeyavAda ) anye tu manyante - yathoktaM 'bAhyaM vastujAtaM nAstIti' tadayuktam / pramANAbhAvAt / na ca sahopalambhaniyamaH pramANamiti vaktavyam / vedyavedakayorabhedasAdhakatvenAbhimatasya tasyAprayojakatvena sandigdhavipakSavyAvRtti katvAt / nanu bhede sahopalambhaniyamAtmakaM sAdhanaM na syAditicenna / jJAnasyAntamukhatayA, jJeyasya bahirmukhatayA ca bhedena pratibhAsamAnatvAt / ekadezatvaikakAlatva - lakSaNa sahatva-niyamAsambhavAcca / lekina dUsare ( sautrAntika-sampradAyavAle bauddha ) mAnate haiM - yaha jo Apa kahate haiM ki bAharI vastuoM kI sattA hI nahIM, yaha yuktiyukta nahIM hai / isake lie koI pramANa nahIM diyA jA sakatA / Apa yaha nahIM kaha sakate ki sAtha-sAtha pAye jAne kA jo niyama hai vahI

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bauddha-darzanam pramANa hai ( nIla aura usake jJAna meM sahopalambha-niyama hai jisase donoM abhinna haiM; buddhi kI sattA isase siddha hotI hai ) / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki vedya aura vedaka meM abheda siddha karane ke lie [ jisa sahopalambha-niyama kA ] prayoga Apa karate haiM vaha abheda ko siddha karane meM kAraNa ( prayojaka ) nahIM bana sakatA kyoM ki 'vipakSa meM vaha nahIM rahegA' (=vipakSa -vyAvRtti )--yaha saMdehapUrNa hai / [ Azaya hai ki jaise dhUma aura agni meM sambandha dikhalAne ke samaya agni kA abhAva dhAraNa karanevAle padArtha vipakSa haiM, unameM dezAntara yA kAlAntara meM kabhI dhUma ho sakatA hai / vipakSa meM kabhI nahIM hogA, yaha niyama kahA~ hai ? aisI AzaMkA dhUma aura agni ke kArya-kAraNa-bhAva naSTa ho jAne ke bhaya se nahIM kI jAtI ( AzaMkA kA khaNDana ho jAtA hai ) / yaha tarka ThIka hai, prayojaka hai| kintu usI prakAra yahA~ 'bheda hone para bhI sahopalambha-niyama raha sakatA hai-isa AzaMkA kA nirasana nahIM hotaa| isalie vipakSa meM hetu kI vyAvRtti hogI, ataeva yaha saMdigdha hai aura anumAna nahIM ho sktaa|] [yadi vijJAnakArI zaMkA kareM ki ] bheda ko bhI siddha karane ke lie sahopalambha kA niyama sAdhana nahIM bana sakatA, to ( hama kaheMge ki ) aisI bAta nahIM hai, kyoMki [ pratyakSa pramANa se hI virodha ho jAyagA ] jJAna to Antaravastu hai, aura ('ghaTAdi ) jJeya padArtha bAhya haiM-isa prakAra bheda to spaSTa ( pratyakSa rUpa ) pratIta hotA hai / [ isa prakAra uparyukta anumAna pratyakSavirodhI hai| ] dUsarI yukti yaha hai ki sahopalambha kA niyama honA ho asaMbhava hai kyoMki [ AtmaniSTha jJAna hai aura bAhya-vastuniSTha viSaya haiM, donoM ke do sthAna haiM; viSaya pUrvakSaNa meM rahatA hai, zAna uttara kSaNa meM, isalie] viSaya aura jJAna kA eka deza meM yA eka kAla meM honA sambhava nahIM hai, isalie donoM ke svarUpa ( lakSaNa) mileMge hI kaba [ki sahopalambha Apako dikhalAI par3egA ] ? kiM ca nIlAdyarthasya jJAnAkAratve'hamiti pratibhAsaH syAt / na tu 'idamiti' prtipttiH| pratyAyAdavyatirekAt / athocyate-jJAnasvarUpo'pi nolAkAro bhrAntyA bahirvat bhedena pratibhAsata iti, na ca tatrAhamullekha iti / tathoktam 19. paricchedAntarAdyo'yaM bhAgo bahiriva sthitH| . jJAnasyAmedino bhedapratibhAso'pyupaplavaH // iti / 20. yadanta yatattvaM tadahirvadavabhAsate / iti ca / isake atirikta nIlAdi artha yadi jJAna ( buddhi ) ke hI svarUpa hoM to [ jisa prakAra jJAtA AtmA ko 'aham' kahate haiM usI prakAra una ] bAharI padArthoM meM bhI 'aham' aisI pratIti hogI, 'idam ( yaha ) aisA jJAna nahIM hogaa| kAraNa yaha hai ki | bAhya padArtha | 5sa0 saM0

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe pratyaya ( jJAna ideas ) se bhinna nahIM haiM ( pratyuta Apa loga jJAna aura viSayoM ko abhinna samajhate haiN)| yadi Apa loga uttara meM kaheM ki-nIlAdi AkAra, jJAna ke apane rUpa meM hone para bhI bhrAnti ke kAraNa, bheda se bAhya padArtha-jaisA pratIta hotA hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki usameM 'aham' dvArA abhivyakti nahIM hotI, jaisA ki kahA bhI hai-"jJAna ke Antara ( bhItarI ) pariccheda ( viSayoM kA prakAza karanevAle bhAga ) se pRthak jo bAhyavat ( viSayoM ke rUpa meM) dikhalAI par3anevAlA bhAga hai, bheda-rahita jJAna meM jo pratIti hotI hai-vaha mithyAjJAna ( upaplava) hI hai|" aura bhI-'jo Antarika rUpa se jAnane yogya tattva hai vaha bAhya-jesA pratIta hotA hai|' . vizeSa-sautrAntikoM ne eka gambhIra AzaMkA yogAcAroM ke samakSa rakhI ki buddhi kA bodha 'aham' se hotA hai bAhya-padArthoM kA 'idam' se| yadi sabhI padArtha buddhi ke rUpa hI haiM to una saboM kA bodha 'aham' dvArA kyoM nahIM hotA-ahaM ghaTaH, ahaM bhUmiH, ahaM nIla:, kyoM nahIM kahate ? uttara meM vijJAnavAdI phira purAnA rAga alApane lagate haiM-mithyAjJAna aura adhyAsa / usI anAdi vAsanA se 'vijJAna' bhrama dvArA bAhya 'viSaya'-sA pratIta hotA hai, vastutaH hai nahIM / dArzanika-bhASA meM yoM kaheM ki abheda para bheda kA adhyAsa (Projection) mithyAjJAna ( Ihusion ) dvArA hotA hai / isIlie bhramavaza hI bAhya vastuoM para 'aham' kA AropaNa nahIM karate / jaise zaMkha para pIlApana kA AropaNa hotA hai| yadyapi zaMkha pIlA nahIM parantu pinAdi ke doSa se ( vizepatayA pANDuroga hone para ) zaMkha ke ujalApana ko chipAkara ( AvaraNa ) pIlApana kI pratIti hotI hai| usI taraha 'aham kA arthavAlI jJAnasvarUpa AtmA ( yA vRddhi ) ke Antaratva ko chipAkarabAhyatva avabhAsita hotA hai, pIlApana ke amAdhya hone para bhI zaMkha kA svarUpa bhAsita hotA hai, tathaiva jnyeyaav.| ke asAdhya hone ke bAda bhI jJAna pratIta hotA hI hai| kAraNa yaha hai 'maiM ghaTa ko jAnatA haiM' aisI pratIti jo hotI hai| mautrAnika loga bAharI padArthoM ko zanya nahIM mAnate, unheM anumeya mAnate haiM / nIla, pItAdi vicitra padArtha vRddhi ke AkAra ke haiM aura Antara jJAna se unakA anumAna hotA hai| sarvasiddhAntamaMgraha ma kahA gayA hai.-- nIlapItAbhizcitrabuddhayAkArairihAntaraiH / sautrAnikamate nityaM bAhyArthastvanumIyate / / jJAna aura viSaya ko loka kA vyavahAra bhI mAnatA hai / jJAna kA viSaya dUsarA hI hai, phala dusarA ( jJAnasya vipayo hyanyatphalamanyadudAhRtam / kAvyaprakAza, 2) / vijJAnavAdiyoM ke Upara diye gaye uttara kA khaNDana aba ye sautrAntika loga kreNge| tadayuktam / bAhyArthAbhAve tadvyutpattirahitatayA bahirvadityupamAnoktarayuktaH / na hi vasumitro vandhyAputravadavabhAsata iti prekSAvAnAcakSIta / bheda

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67 bauddha darzanam pratibhAsasya bhrAntatve'bhedapratibhAsasya prAmANyaM tatprAmANye ca bhedapratibhAsasya bhrAntatvamiti parasparAzrayaprasaMgAcca / avisaMvAdAnnIlatAdikameva saMvidAnA bAhyamevopAdadate, jagatyupekSante cAntaramiti vyavasthAdarzanAcca / ApakA yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM kyoMki jaba bAharI vastuoM kI sattA hI nahIM ( -vijJAnavAdiyoM ke mata meM ) to usakI vyutpatti ( 'bahiH' zabda kA arthajJAna ) bhI to nahIM hogA ? aura aisI dazA meM 'bAhya padArtha ke samAna ( pratIta hotA hai )' yaha upamAna kI ukti bhI vyartha ho jAyagI / ( upamAna vahI ho sakatA hai jisakI sattA ho, jisase kucha artha nikale, kintu Apa loga bAhyArtha ko mAnate nahIM aura Upara se kahate haiM ki Antara buddhi 'bAhyArtha ke samAna' pratIta hotI hai / yaha kaise ? ) koI bhI cetanAzIla vyakti nahIM kahatA ki vasumitra vandhyAputra kI taraha lagatA hai / dUsarI Apatti yaha bhI hai ki [ viSaya aura vijJAna ke bIca ] bheda kI pratIti ko bhrAnta mAnakara abheda ( aikya ) kI pratIti ko prAmANika mAnanA tathA aikya kI pratIti ko prAmANika mAnakara bheda kI pratIti ko bhrAnta mAnanA -- isase anyonyAzrayadoSa kA prasaMga ho jAyagA / [ Azaya yaha hai ki vijJAnavAdI jJAtA aura jJeya meM bheda kI pratIti ko mAnate haiM bhrAnta, aura ise hI sAdhana banAkara siddha karate haiM ki jJAtA aura jJeya meM koI bheda nahIM hai / aba jo yahAM sAdhya thA vahI sAdhana bana jAtA hai / vaha bhI kisakA ? use hI siddha karane kA jisake dvArA vaha svayaM huA hai / ise pAzcAtya tarkazAstra meM Petitio principle kahate haiN| abheda kI pratIti ko sAdhana mAnakara bheda kI pratIti ko bhrAnta siddha kareMge / isa prakAra tArkika vRtta meM pha~se / ] [ hama dekhate haiM ki ] kucha loga kisI ke sAtha binA kucha bhI virodha ( visaMvAda ) kiye hI nIlAdi padArthoM ko jJAna kA viSaya mAnakara, bAhya padArtha ko hI kevala grahaNa karate haiM, saMsAra meM Antara kI to upekSA hI kara dete haiM- aisI vyavasthA dekhI jAtI hai / [ bAhyArtha ko siddha karate hue sautrAntikoM kA kahanA hai ki naiyAyikAdi vidvAn to laukika dRSTikoNa se antara padArtha ko svIkAra nahIM karate kintu bAhyArtha kI sattA to mAnate hI haiM-hama bhI unase yahA~ para sahamata haiM / bAhyArtha ke viSaya meM to kisI kA koI virodha hI nahIM hai / kevala ye loga hI virodha khar3A karate haiM / smaraNIya hai ki sautrAntika aura vaibhApika Antara bAhya donoM ko mAnate haiM, mAdhyamika donoM meM kisI ko nahIM mAnate, vijJAnavAdI kevala Antara ko mAnate haiM, neyAyikAdi bAhya ko hI kevala mAnate haiM / ] ( 22. bAhyArtha kI sattA - niSkarSa ) evaM cAyamabhedasAdhako heturgomayapAyasI yanyAyavat AbhAsatAM bhajet ato bahirvaditi vadatA bAhyaM grAhyameveti bhAvanIyamiti bhavadIya eva bANo bhavantaM praharet /

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6 . sarvadarzanasaMgrahe isa prakAra [ vijJAna aura viSaya ke bIca ] abheda siddha karane ke lie jo haMtu Apa dete haiM vaha gomaya-pAyasI-nyAya meM kevala AbhAsamAtra ( hetvAbhAsa) hai| jisa prakAra yaha anumAna dekara-gomaya (gobara) pAyasa hai kyoMki gavya hai', hama gomaya ko pAyasa siddha nahIM kara sakate kyoMki gavyatva hetu yahA~ aprayojaka hai, isalie hetvAbhAsa hogA, usI prakAra ApakA bhI anumAna hetvAbhAsa se yukta hai kyoMki hetu zuddha hetu na hokara hetvAbhAsa hai / gomaya-pAyasIya-nyAya kA ullekha vyAsa ne pAtaMjala-yogasUtra ( 1132, tatpratiSedhArthamekatattvAbhyAsaH ) ke apane bhASya meM kiyA hai / isakI vizada vyAkhyA vAcaspati mizra kI tattvavaizAradI TIkA meM hai| ___isalie jaba Apa 'bAhya ke samAna' yaha kahate haiM taba bAhyArtha ko to grAhya hI samajhate haiM aura isakI bhAvanA ( vicAra ) karanI cAhie-ataH ApakA hI calAyA bANa Apa hI para prahAra karegA / ( apane tarka se Apa svayaM khaNDita ho gaye ) / ( 23. bAhyArtha pratyakSa nahIM, anumeya hai ) nanu jJAnAdbhinnakAlasyArthasya grAhyatvamanupapannamiti cet-tdnuppnnm| indriyasannikRSTasya viSayasyotpAdye jJAne svAkArasamarpakatayA samapitena cAkAreNa tasyArthasyAnumeyatopapatteH / ata eva paryanuyogaparihArau samagrAhiSAtAm__21. bhinnakAlaM kathaM grAhyamiti ced grAhyatAM viduH| hetutvameva ca vyaktaAnAkArArpaNakSamam // iti // koI yaha AzaMkA kara sakatA hai ki jJAna se artha kA kAla bhinna hai, ataeva jJAna ke dvArA viSaya kA grahaNa asambhava hai| ( sabhI padArtha kSaNika haiM, ataH jJAna bhI kSaNika, viSaya bhI kSaNika / jJAna ke samaya ke artha kA grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki viSaya kArya hai, jJAna kAraNa / kArya kAraNa eka sAtha utpanna nahIM hote / yadi pUrvApara ke krama se hote haiM tava jisa kSaNa meM jJAna hai, usa kSaNa meM viSaya nahIM, jaba viSaya hai to usa kSaNa meM jJAna nahIM / isalie donoM meM sambandha hI nahIM hogaa| yaha samasyA vijJAnavAdiyoM ke samakSa bhI thI, usakA hala dUsare prakAra se unhoMne kiyA thaa| ) yaha AzaMkA yukta nahIM hai--viSaya kA | prathama kSaNa meM ] indriya me sannikarSa ( sambandha ) hotA hai, isase jJAna kI utpatti hotI hai| usI jJAna meM vaha [ pahalA viSaya ] apane AkAra kA samarpaNa kara detA hai (dvitIya kSaNa meM ), isI marpita kiye hae AkAra se usa ( pahale ) artha kA anumAna kara lete haiM / aba to siddha huA ? [ ise yoM samajheM-ghaTAdi viSaya eka kSaNa meM naSTa hokara apane artha-kriyAkAritva ke bala se dumare kSaNa meM apane AkAra ke sadRza dUsare ghaTa ko utpanna karatA hai| pUrvakSaNavAlA vaha ghaTa hI indriya ke sAtha milakara apane dUsare kSaNa meM apane AkAra ke sadRza svarUpa vAle jJAna ko bhI utpanna karatA hai| aba isa jJAnasvarUpa ke dvArA

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bauddha darzanam 69 apane kAraNa - pUrvakSaNavAle ghaTa - kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra viSaya jJAna - grAhya banatA hai, kintu vaha anumeya ho jAtA hai / ] 1 isalie [ isa viSaya meM ] prazna aura uttara kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai-- 'yadi prazna ho ki bhinnakAla vAlI vastu kA grahaNa kaise hogA, [ to uttara hai ki ghaTAdi ] padArtha ke jJAnAkAra ko arpita karane meM samartha hetu ko hI loga grAhya samajhate haiM / ' ( ghaTa ke jJAna meM apane AkAra ke samAna AkAra utpanna karane kI jo zakti hai, vahI hetu hai, jise hama grahaNa karate haiM / ) tathA ca yathA puSTyA bhojanamanumIyate, yathA ca bhASayA dezaH, yathA vA sambhrameNa snehaH, tathA jJAnAkAreNa jJeyamanumeyam / taduktam 22. arthena ghaTayatyenAM na hi muktvArtharUpatAm / tasmAtprameyAdhigateH pramANaM meyarUpatA // iti // taba, jisa taraha poSaNA ( bharA huA zarIra ) dekhakara bhojana kA anumAna hotA hai, bhASA se deza kA, athavA Adara se prema kA- - usI taraha jJAnAkAra se jJeya padArtha kA anumAna karanA cAhie | vaha kahA bhI hai- 'isa jJAna ko [ jJAtA ] jo artha ke sAtha milAtA hai, vaha usa jJAna se arthAkAra ( apane AkAra ke samAna AkAra ) ko haTAkara nahIM [ milAtA, balki saMyukta karake hI ] / isalie jJAna ( saMvida ) kA meyarUpa ( yA viSaya ke rUpa meM ) honA hI viSaya ke jJAna ( prameya = viSaya, adhigati = jJAna ) kA pramANa hai ( viSayoM kA jJAna isalie hotA hai ki buddhi viSayoM ke AkAra ke samAna hI AkAra grahaNa karatI hai ) / ( 24. Alaya - vijJAna aura pravRtti - vijJAna ) na hi vittisattaiva tadvedanA yuktA / tasyAH sarvatrAvizeSAt / tAM tu sArUpyamAvizat sarUpayituM ghaTayediti ca / tathA bAhyArthasadbhAve prayoga:ye yasminsatyapi kAdAcitkAste sarve tadatiriktasApekSAH / yathA - avivakSati ajigamiSati mayi vacanagamanapratibhAsA vivakSu-jigamiSu puruSAntarasantAnasApekSAH / tathA ca vivAdAdhyAsitAH pravRttipratyayAH satyapyAlayavijJAne kadAcideva nIlAdyullekhina / / iti // yaha nahIM kaha sakate ki jJAna kI satA hI una ( viSayoM ) kA jJAna hai kyoMki [ aisA karane para ] jJAna (vitta ) sarvatra eka-sA ho jAyagA [ cU~ki jJAna kI sarvatra sattA hai 1 - paryanuyoga = prazna, parihAra = uttara / 2 - sa0 da0 saM0 kI kucha pratiyoM meM yahA~ para pATha hai-- ardhena ghaTayatyenAM na hi muktvArdharUpatAm / 'artha' ke sthAna meM 'ardha' kA kucha lipyantara sambhava hai / gapha ne isI kA anuvAda kiyA hai, kintu saMgati nahIM baiThatI /

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe isalie ghaTajJAna ( tadvedanA ) aura paTajJAna meM antara nahIM hogA / ataH vitti kI sattA aura viSaya-vedanA donoM bhinna haiM ] / lekina sArUpya ( viSayoM kI samAnAkAratA ) hI ( usa vitti yA jJAna ) meM praviSTa hokara [ usa jJAna ko ] sarUpa ( viSaya ke AkAra ke samAna AkArayukta ) karane ke lie [ viSaya ke sAtha ] saMyukta karatA hai / ( yadi donoM eka hote to sarUpa banAne kI apekSA hI nahIM hotI / ) 70 bAhyArtha kI sattA ke lie eka prayoga ( Formal argument ) yaha hai - jo ( kArya, jaise aMkura ) jisa ( kAraNa, jaise bIja ) ke rahane para bhI kabhI - kabhI utpanna hote haiM ( kabhI hote haiM, kabhI nahIM, jaise - koThI meM rakhe bIja aMkura nahIM utpanna karate ), ve sabhI ( kArya ) usa (viziSTa kAraNa ) ke atirikta anya kAraNoM ( jaise - miTTI, jala, vAyu ) ke sAtha sambaddha haiM / udAharaNa ke lie, jaba maiM bolanA yA jAnA nahIM cAhatA hU~ ( kabhI bolatA hU~, kabhI nahIM, kabhI jAtA hU~, kabhI nahIM ) taba vacana yA gamana kI jo bhI pratItiyA~ ( pratibhAsa ) hoMgI ve dUsare puruSoM ke samUha ke ( puruSa ) bolane aura jAnane ke abhilASI rahate hoMge / viSaya meM ( sApekSa ) haiM jo pratyaya ( kriyAzIlatA kI usI prakAra, prastuta prasaMga ke antargata Aye hue pravRtti ke pratItiyA~ = pravRttivijJAna ), Alaya - vijJAna AtmA, jJAtA ) ke rahane para bhI, kabhI-kabhI hI nIlAdi padArthoM ke rUpa meM vyakta hote haiM / [Azaya yaha hai ki nIlAdi ke rUpa meM vyakta hone vAle ( bAhya padArtha ) ghaTa, paTa Adi ke viSaya meM 'ayaM ghaTa' 'ayaM paTaH' Adi pravRttiyoM (viSayoM ) kI pratIti hotI hai / ye hI pravRttipratyaya yA pravRttivijJAna kahalAte haiM / isakA jJAtA 'aham' ke rUpa meM vyakta AlayavijJAna hai / AlayavijJAna ke sAtha ye kabhI-kabhI rahate haiM ( kAdAcitka haiM, bIjAMkura ke samAna ) / isalie AlayavijJAna ke atirikta bAhya padArthoM kI siddhi hotI hai / ] vizeSa - AlayavijJAna aura pravRttivijJAna vastutaH vijJAnavAdiyoM ke siddhAnta haiM / inakA prayoga sautrAntika loga unhIM ke siddhAnta kA khaNDana karane lie karate haiM / yogAcAra loga advaitavAdI haiM, zuddha vijJAna ( Consciousness ), pratyaya ( Idea ) caitanya yA citta ( Mental phenomenon ) ko hI ekamAtra sattA mAnate / yadyapi buddhi ekarUpA hI hai parantu anAdi vAsanA ke kAraNa pratIta honevAle isake vibhinna svarUpoM ko kauna roka sakatA hai ? grAhya grAhaka-grahaNa, vedya-vedaka-vedana kI tritayI avicchanna hai / vijJAnavAdI bauddha avasthA ke bheda se citta ( vijJAna, ke do bheda karate haiM-AlayavijJAna aura pravRttivijJAna / AlayavijJAna, dharmoM ke bIjoM kA sthAna hai / ye dharma bIja ke rUpa meM yahA~ samaveta rahate haiM aura vijJAna ke rUpa meM bAhara nikalakara jagat ke vyavahAra kA nirvAha karate haiM / Adhunika manovijJAna kA 'upacetana -mana' ( Subconscious mind ) prAyaH vaisA hI hai / laMkAvatAra sUtra ( 2 / 99-100 ) meM Alaya vijJAna ko samudra ke samAna kahA hai| jisa

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baura-darzanam 71 prakAra samudra meM vAyu-prerita taraMgeM uThatI rahatI haiM, kabhI virAma nahIM letI--usI prakAra Alaya-vijJAna meM bhI bAhya viSayoM ke jhakoroM kI citra-vicitra vijJAnarUpI taraMgeM uThatI haiN| ye kabhI bhI naSTa nahIM hotI / AlayavijJAna samudra hai, viSaya pavana hai, tathA vijJAna ( sAta prakAra ke pravRttivijJAna ) taraMgeM haiM taraGgA udadheryadvalpavanapratyayeritAH / nRtyamAnAH pravartante vyucchedazca na vartate // AlayaughastathA nityaM viSayapavaneritaH / citraistaraGgavijJAnaH nRtyamAnaH pravartate / / isase spaSTa hai ki pravRttivijJAna bhI isameM DUbate-utarAte haiM / __dUsarI ora, pravRtti-vijJAna kriyAzIla citta hai jisase viSayoM ko pratIti hotI hai, yaha AtmA ke samAna nahIM hai kintu AlayavijJAna se hI utpanna hotA hai aura usI meM vilIna ho jAtA hai| isake sAta bheda haiM-( 1 ) cakSurvijJAna, ( 2 ) zrotravijJAna, ( 3 ) ghANavijJAna, ( 4 ) jihvAvijJAna, (5) kAyavijJAna ( 6 ) manovijJAna aura (7) kliSTa manovijJAna / ina saboM kA vivecana itane sUkSma DhaMga se bauddhoM ne kiyA hai ki Adhunika manovijJAna ko bhI inake samakSa natamastaka ho jAnA pdd'egaa| ina para prakAza DAlane ke lie paryApta anusandhAna aura adhyavasAya kI apekSA hai / vidvAnoM ke satprayAsa se yaha sambhava hai / vijJaptimAtratAsiddhi meM inakA samyak vivecana hai / tatrAlayavijJAnaM nAmAhamAspadaM vijJAnam / nIlAdyullekhi ca vijJAnaM pravRttivijJAnam / yathoktam23. tatsyAdAlayavijJAnaM ydbhvedhmaaspdm| tatsyAtpravRttivijJAnaM yannIlAdikamullikhet // iti / tasmAdAlayavijJAnasantAnAtiriktaH kAdAcitkapravRttivijJAnaheturbAhyo'rtho grAhya eva, na vAsanAparipAkapratyayakAdAcitkatvAt kadAcidutpAda iti veditavyam / ___ unameM Alaya-vijJAna vaha caitanya ( buddhi ) hai, jo 'aham' ( maiM = AtmA ) kA sthAna hai ( aham ke AkAra meM hai ) / nIlAdi padArthoM ko vyakta karane vAlA | idam se sambaddha / vijJAna pravRttivijJAna hai| jaisA ki kahA gayA hai-'vaha Alaya-vijJAna hai, jo AtmA ( Ego ) kA sthAna hai aura vaha pravRttivijJAna hai, jo nIlAdi padArthoM ko abhivyakta karatA hai| isalie Alaya-vijJAna ke santAna ( pravAha, kyoMki saba kucha kSaNika hai, ata: unakA pravAha hI sambhava hai ) ke atirikta, kabhI-kabhI honevAle pravRttivijJAna kA kAraNa ( ghaTAdi ) bAhya padArtha hai, ataH use to grahaNa karanA hI hogaa| aimA na samajheM ki vAmanA ke pariNAma

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe isalie bAhyArtha bhI kabhI-kabhI hI utpanna hogA / vAsanA ke pariNAma kI pratIti sadA hI hotI hai-use lie koI sAdhana yA hetu nahIM hai / ise hI aba spaSTa 72 kI pratIti kabhI-kabhI hotI hai, ( vijJAnavAdiyoM ke mata se hI 'kabhI-kabhI honA' siddha karane ke kiyA jAyagA - ) / ( 25. vijJAnavAdiyoM ke mata para doSAropaNa ) vijJAnavAdinaye hi vAsanA nAma ekasantAnavartinAmAlaya-vijJAnAnAM tattatpravRttivijJAnajananazaktiH / tasyAzca svakAryotpAdaM pratyAbhimukhyaM paripAkaH / tasya ca pratyayaH kAraNaM svasantAnavartipUrvakSaNaH kakSIkriyate / santAnAntaranibandhanatvAnaGgIkArAt / vijJAnavAdiyoM ke mata se 'eka pravAha ( santAna, paramparA ) meM vidyamAna rahane vAle jo Alaya - vijJAna haiM, ve jaba apane se sambaddha pravRttivijJAnoM ko utpanna karate haiM, taba unakI usI zakti kA nAma vAsanA hai / ' ('aham' isaAkAra meM rahanevAle kSaNika AlayavijJAnoM kI paramparA pratyeka jIva ke lie bhinna hai| usase pravRttivijJAna kI utpatti hotI hai / rAma ke Alaya-vijJAnoM kI paramparA para AdhArita Alaya - vijJAna rAma se hI sambaddha pravRttivijJAna ko utpanna karatA hai / isa taraha Alaya - vijJAna meM pravRttivijJAna utpanna karane kI jo zakti hai, usI ko vAsanA kahate haiM ) / usa ( vAsanA ) kA apane kAryotpAdana ( pravRttivijJAna kI utpatti ) ke prati unmukha yA pravRtta honA hI paripAka ( vAsanA kA pariNAma ) kahalAtA hai / [ vAsanAeM kSaNika haiM, kSaNa-kSaNa badalatI huI vAsanAoM ke bIca kisI-kisI kA hI paripAka ho pAtA hai, saboM kA nahIM / kAraNa yaha hai ki paripAka se utpanna vRttivijJAna kI utpatti sadA nahIM dekhI jAtI / isa kAdAcitka paripAka kA koI kAdAcitka kAraNa avazya denA cAhie / sautrAntrika loga to kaheMge ki isakA kAraNa ghaTAdi bAhyArtha hai / vijJAnavAdI to ise kAraNa nahIM mAneMge, kyoMki ve to bAhyArtha ko mAnate hI nahIM / ve loga kaheMge ki ] usa paripAka kI jo pratIti hotI hai, usakA kAraNa apane pravAha meM sthita pUrvakSaNa ko hama svIkAra karate haiM / [ pUrvakSaNa kI vAsanA uttara-kSaNa kI vAsanA ke paripAka kA kAraNa hai, usI taraha sabho vAsanAeM Alaya - vijJAna kI paramparA hone ke kAraNa tulya hoMgI aura apane-apane uttara-kSaNa kI vAsanAoM ke paripAka kA kAraNa bana jAyeMgI / pravRttivijJAna bhI sadA utpanna hone lagegA | ] kAraNa yaha hai ki vAsanA ke paripAka ko hama kisI dUsare santAna ( jJAna- santAna se bhinna ghaTAdi jJeyasantAna ) ke adhIna nahIM mAnate / ( hama jJAna ko hI mAnate haiM. isI ke adhIna vAsanA kA paripAka hai / ) pravRttivijJAnajanakAlayavijJAnavartivAsanAparipAkaM prati sarvepyAlayavijJAnavartinaH : kSaNAH samarthA eveti vaktavyam / na cedeko'pi na tatazca

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bauddha-darzanam samarthaH syAt / AlayavijJAnasantAnavatitvAvizeSAt / sarve samarthA iti pakSe kAlakSepAnupapattiH / tatazca kAdAcitkatvanirvAhAya zabdasparzarUparasagandhaviSayAH sukhAdiviSayAH SaDapi pratyayAzcaturaH pratyayAn pratItyotpAdyanta iti catureNAnicchatApyacchamatinA svAnubhavamanAcchAdya paricchettavyam // ___ isalie, pravRtti-vijJAna ko utpanna karanevAle Alaya-vijJAna meM rahanevAlI vAsanA kA paripAka ( utpanna ) karane meM, Alaya-vijJAna meM sthita sArI kSaNika-vAsanAe samartha haiM--aisA kheN| ( Alaya-vijJAna samudravat hai, isase hI pravRtti-vijJAna kI utpatti hotI hai / Alaya-vijJAna meM kSaNika vAsanAeM haiM, jo vAsanA kA paripAka kara sakatI haiM, arthAt vAsanA ko kAryotpAdana meM lagA sakatI haiN| ) [ yadi sabhI kSaNika vAsanAoM meM yaha sAmarthya ] nahIM hotI to eka bhI kSaNika vAsanA samartha nahIM hotI, kyoMki Alaya-vijJAna kI paramparA meM rahane para koI bheda-bhAva nahIM hotA ( 'kucha' kA prazna nahIM hai, sabhI samartha haiN)| ____ yadi yaha kaheM ki sabhI kSaNika vAsanAeM samartha haiM to kAlakSepa ( samaya bitAnA ) nahIM hogA ( sabhI vAsanAeM turata hI kAryotpAdana kareMgI, kyoMki jo apane kArya ke utpAdana meM samartha hai, vaha kAlakSepa nahIM saha sakatA-turata kArya utpanna kregaa| phira kArya bhI eka samAna hoMge ) / aba isalie vAsanAoM kA 'kabhI-kabhI honA' siddha karane ke lie ( kyoMki yaha jarUrI hai, anyathA vizva ke raGgamaMca para kabhI-kabhI hone vAle kAryoM kI utpatti vijJAnavAdI kaisI vAsanA se siddha kareMge ? ), catura vyakti ko, icchA na hote hue bhI svaccha buddhi se, apanI anubhUti ko binA DhaMke hue, vicAra karanA cAhie ki zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa aura gandha ke viSaya tathA sukhAdi ke viSaya ( Objects ) ye chaha prakAra kI pratItiyA~ cAra pratyayoM ( kAraNoM) ko pAkara hI utpanna kI jAtI haiM / [ zabdAdi pA~ca viSaya bAhya haiM, sukhAdi viSaya mana ke haiM, ataH Antarika haiM- ina chaha pratItiyoM kA kucha bAhya kAraNa khoja leM (ve haiM cAra kAraNa ) nahIM to 'kAdAcitka' kA nirvAha nahIM hogA, kyoMki samartha vAsanAe~ paripAka utpanna karatI raheMgI-sabhI utpanna hoMge , kabhI-kabhI' nahIM ho skegaa| (26. jJAna ke cAra kAraNa ) te catvAraH pratyayAH prasiddhA aalmbn-smnntr-shkaarydhiptiruupaaH| tatra jJAnapadavedanIyasya nIlAdyavabhAsasya cittasya nIlAdAlambanapratyayAnnIlAkAratA bhavati / samanantarapratyayAt prAcInajJAnodbodharUpatA / sahakAripratyayAt AlokAt spsstttaa| ckssusso'dhiptiprtyyaadvissygrhnnprtiniymH|| ye cAra kAraNa prasiddha haiM- (1) Alambana ( Substratum ), (2) samanantara ( Suggestion ), ( 3 ) sahakArI ( Medium ) aura ( 4 ) adhipati ( Dominant

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74 sarvasanasaMpahe organ ) / unameM 'jJAna' (= sAkAra citta) zabda se samajhe jAne vAle nIlAdi kI pratIti kA, jise citta bhI kahate haiM, nIla ( padArtha) se, Alambana ke kAraNa hI nIla-rUpa banatA hai| samanantara ke kAraNa hI pUrvakSaNa ke jJAna se AkAra-grahaNa kI zakti AtI hai| sahakArI ke kAraNa hI prakAza se spaSTatA hotI hai ( kisI eka kA spaSTIkaraNa hotA hai)| adhipati ke kAraNa A~kha dvArA viSaya ke grahaNa kA niyantraNa hotA hai| vizeSa--sAkAra citta ko hI jJAna kahate haiM aura bodharUpatA kA artha hai usake svarUpa ( AkAra ) ko grahaNa karane kI zakti / jisa prakAra pUrvakSaNa ke ghaTa se usI ke AkAra meM uttara-kSaNa meM ghaTa utpanna hotA hai, usI taraha pUrvakSaNa meM vartamAna, AkAra ko grahaNa karane meM samartha jJAna se uttara-kSaNa meM tadAkAra jJAna utpanna hotA hai| jJAna kI yaha paramparA ( santAna ) barAbara calatI rahatI hai| AkAra bhI do taraha kA hai-aham kA AkAra, idam kA AkAra / ahamAkAra parvakSaNa ke jJAna se utpanna hotA hai, dUsare kAraNa kI apekSA isameM nahIM hai / yaha anAdi hai, saba samaya rahatA hai aura eka rUpavAlA hai| yahI AlayavijJAna hai| yaha ghaTa hai| isa prakAra ke pravRttivijJAna meM bhI ahamAkAra hai hI, kyoMki AlayavijJAna se hI pravRttivijJAna janma letA hai| dUsarA idamAkAra kabhI-kabhI hotA hai ( kAdAcitka), isalie dUsare kAraNoM ( AlambanAdi ) kI apekSA rahatI hai, isakA Adi bhI hotA hai aura isake vividha rUpa haiM / jJAna meM apane AkAra ke sadRza AkAra DAlane vAle zabdAdi aneka prakAra ke viSaya apane-apane AkAra ke pravRttivijJAna ko utpanna karate haiM / yahIM cAra kAraNoM kI apekSA hotI hai| viSaya ke AdhAra ko Alambana kahate haiM, jisa para Azrita hokara pravRttivijJAna utpanna hotA hai| uttarakSaNa ke jJAna ko AkAra-grahaNa kI zakti dete hue pUrvakSaNa kA jJAna samanantara kahalAtA hai| jJAna ko spaSTa karane vAlA prakAza ( Light ) sahakArI hai| mana se vastu kA saMyoga honA bhI sahakArI hI hai| indriya ko adhipati kahate haiN| yahI saboM para niyantraNa rakhatA hai| isalie jJAna meM yaha apane adhikAra-kSetra ke antargata hI AkAra pradAna karatA hai / cakSu-indriya jJAna ke utpAdana meM rUpa kA AkAra hI de sakatI hai| rasanA rasa ke AkAra ko tathA mana jo antaHkaraNa kI indriya hai, usakA avadAna sukhAdi Antarika viSayoM taka hI sImita hai| isa prakAra ye cAroM kAraNa milakara pravRttivijJAna meM, 'idam' ke AkAra vAle, kabhI-kabhI hone vAle jJAna ko janma dete haiM / uditasya jJAnasya rasAdisAdhAraNye prApte niyAmakaM cakSuradhipatirbhavitumarhati / loke niyAmakasyAdhipatitvopalambhAt / evaM cittacaittAtmakAnAM sukhAdInAM catvAri kAraNAni draSTavyAni // rasa Adi viSayoM ko bhI samAna rUpa se grahaNa karane ke kAraNa utpanna jJAna kA niyantraNa karanevAlI cakSu-indriya adhipati hone ke yogya hai ( kyoMki eka viziSTa prakAra ke

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bauddha-carzanam .75 jJAna se to vaha sambaddha hai)| saMsAra meM pAte haiM ki jo niyantraNa karatA hai, vahI adhipati hotA hai| isI prakAra citta aura usake vibhinna vikAroM ke rUpa meM sukha Adi ( Antarika viSayoM ) ke bhI cAra kAraNa dekha leM [ kyoMki vaha bhI pravRttivijJAna hI hai ] / (27. citta aura usake vikAra-pAMca skandha ) so'yaM cittacattAtmakaH skandhaH paJcavidho ruup-vijnyaan-vednaa-sNjnyaasNskaarsNjnykH| tatra rUpyanta ebhiviSayA iti rUpyanta iti ca vyutpattyA saviSayANIndriyANi rUpaskandhaH / AlayavijJAna-pravRttivijJAnapravAho vijJAnaskandhaH / prAguktaskandhadvayasambandhajanyaH sukhaduHkhAdipratyayapravAho vednaaskndhH| gaurityAdizabdollekhisaMvitpravAhaH sNjnyaaskndhH| vedanAskandha-nibandhanA rAgadveSAdayaH klezAH upaklezAzca madamAnAdayo dharmAdhamau ca saMskAraskandhaH // to citta aura cita ke vikAroM ke rUpa meM yaha skandha ( amUrta tattva ) pA~ca prakAra kA hai-( 1 ) rUpaskandha ( Sensational ), (2) vijJAnaskandha ( Perceptional ), ( 3 ) vedanAskandha ( Affectional ), ( 4 ) saMjJAskandha ( Verbal ) aura (5) saMskAraskandha ( Impressional ) / unameM viSayoM ke sAtha indriyoM kA nAma rUpaskandha hai, jisakI vyutpattiyA~ haiM jinase viSayoM kA nirUpaNa hotA hai (= indriyA~ ) aura jo nirUpita hote haiM (= viSaya ) / AlayavijJAna aura pravRttivijJAna kA pravAha vijJAnaskandha hai ( kevala yahI skandha citta hai, anya caita yA citta ke vikAra haiM ) / pahale kahe gaye ina donoM skandhoM ke sambandha se utpanna sukha-duHkha Adi pratItiyoM kA pravAha ( paramparA ) vedanAskandha hai / 'gau' ityAdi zabdoM ko vyakta karanevAle jJAnoM kA pravAha saMjJAskandha hai| vedanAskandha para AdhArita rAgadveSAdi kleza ( kaSTa ), mada-mAnAdi upakleza ( alpa kaSTa ) tathA dharma-adharma ko saMskAraskandha kahate haiN| vizeSa-skandhoM kA yaha krama vastutattva ke jJAna ke lie acchA hai kintu bauddha granthoM meM vijJAnaskandha ko dUsarA sthAna na dekara pAMcavAM sthAna diyA gayA hai / vasubandhu ne abhidharmakoza meM isake lie kAraNoM kI mImAMsA kI hai| unake vicAra se krama sthUla se sUkSma kI kI ora gayA hai / saMskAra kI apekSA vijJAna sUkSma hai aura sugama nahIM hai| ye skandha citta aura usake vikAroM se sambaddha haiN| inameM vijJAnaskandha citta hai tathA anya skandha usake vikArasvarUpa haiM / caitta ke bAda citta kA varNana sambhava bhI hai| vijJAna do prakAra ke haiM-AlayavijJAna aura pravRttivijJAna / 'aham' ke AkAravAle AlayavijJAna kA pravAha hI AtmA hai| 'idam' ke AkAra meM pravRttivijJAna hai| viSayoM ke AkAra meM Ane para yaha rUpaskandha kahalAtA hai| isameM indriyA~ bhI haiM jo bhautika nahIM, caitta ( Mental ) hI haiM / jaba vijJAnaskandha ( citta ) rUpaskandha ( viSaya + indriya ) ke

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahesAtha milatA hai taba sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti hotI hai-yahI vedanAskandha hai / sukha-duHkha cUMki citta ke pariNAma haiM isalie bhautika nahIM haiM / ghaTa, paTa Adi nAma saMjJAskandha ( Symbolical word ) hai| ye kevala saMketa haiM jo avayavoM ke AdhAra para diye jAte haiN| isa viSaya meM suvikhyAta milindaprazna kAnAgasena-milinda-saMvAda dekhane yogya hai| ghaTAdi meM nAma-rUpa ( Name and Form ) do bhAga haiN| rUpa bhautika hai kintu nAma citta kI eka vizeSa vikRti ke kAraNa amUrta hai / rAga dveSAdi kleza haiM, mAna-mada-mohAdi upakleza, dharma-adharma-ye saMskAraskandha haiN| ye bhI caita hai| smaraNIya hai ki ina skandhoM ke pUrNa vinAza ke bAda nirvANa kI prApti hotI hai / (28. cAra Arya satya-duHkha, samudAya, nirodha, mArga) tadidaM sarva duHkhaM duHkhAyatanaM duHkhasAdhanaM ceti bhAvayitvA tannirodhopAyaM tattvajJAnaM saMpAdayet / ata evoktam-duHkhasamudAyanirodhamArgAzcatvAra AryabuddhasthAbhimatAni tattvAni / tatra duHkhaM prasiddham // to yaha samUcA saMsAra duHkha hai, duHkha kA ghara hai aura duHkha kA sAdhana hai ( yahIM se duHkha milatA hai )--yaha dhyAna karake, usase bacane ke upAya-tattvajJAna-ko prApta karanA cAhie / isIlie kahA hai--(1) duHkha ( Suffering ) ( 2 ) samudAya ( Cause of Suffering ), ( 3 ) nirodha ( Cessation of Suffering ) tathA mArga ( Way to Cessation )--ye cAra tattva Arya-buddha ke dvArA sammata haiN| inameM duHkha to prasiddha hai ( saMsAra meM duHkha kI sattA anivAryarUpa se hai-dekhie isI darzana kA vigata aMza ) / vizeSa-Acarya yaha hai ki duHkha, samudAya, nirodha aura mArga-ye cAra tattva prasiddha hone para bhI gapha ne apane aMgrejI-anuvAda meM inheM dvandva-samAsa meM na lekara SaThI tatpuruSa meM liyA hai aura likhA hai-'duHkha ke samUha ko rokane ke cAra mArga haiM' ( * * * 'are to the saints the four methods of suppressing the aggregate of pain. p. 30. ) / mAnA ki artha vahI hai para ye nirodha ke cAra mArga kauna-kauna haiM ? ginA to deM sahI / bhagavAn buddha ke mUla upadeza ye hI cAra Arya satya haiM / vastutaH darzanazAstra mAtra ke hI ye cAra vyUha yA pahalU ( Aspects ) haiN| jisa prakAra cikitsAzAstra meM cAra vyUha haiM-roga, roga kA kAraNa, Arogya aura bhaiSajya / usI prakAra yahA~ bhI saMsAra, saMsAra kA kAraNa, mokSa aura mokSa kA upAya-ye cAra pahala haiM ( draSTavya, vyAsabhASya 2015 ) / vaidyaka zAstra kI isI samatA ke kAraNa buddha ko mahAbhiSak kahA gayA hai| 1-bauddha loga 'samudaya' ( duHkhakAraNa ) kahate haiM kintu sarvadarzanasaMgraha meM ise 'samudAya' kahA gayA hai| sambhava hai duHkha ke kAraNoM kI zRGkhalA-dvAdaza nidAnoM-ko dekhakara samUhavAcaka samudAya nAma diyA gayA ho|

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bauddha-parzanam 77 buddha ne dArzanika praznoM kA vivecana na karake sIdhe AryasatyoM kA hI upadeza diyA / sAranAtha meM diyA gayA unakA prathama upadeza draSTavya hai (dhmmckkppvttnn-sutt)| unakA kathya thA ki saMsAra meM loga dAruNa vyathA se santapta haiN| unheM bacAne kA upAya na karake dArzanika gutthiyoM, jaise--AtmA, Izvara, kArya, kAraNa Adi ko sulajhAnA mUrkhatA hai| hai| kisI ko bANa laga jAya to nikAlakara marahama-paTTI karanI cAhie, na ki yaha patA lagAte phireM ki kisane bANa pheMkA ? kSatriya ne, brAhmaNa ne * * *? vaha kidhara baiThA thA ? vaha kisa raMga kA thA ? Adi-Adi / anya praznoM para buddha mauna hI ho jAte the| kintu unake ziSyoM ne mauna kA pUrA lAbha uThAyA aura ve darzana ke durUha daladala meM phaMsa gaye / phala spaSTa thA ki apanI-apanI buddhi logoM ne daur3AI tathA vaibhASika-sautrAntika Adi sampradAya bana gaye / buddha ne vAstava meM darzana ( Philosophy ) nahIM diyA, unakA basa nItizAstra ( Ethics ) hai / AryasatyoM meM siddhAnta aura vyavahAra kA anupama samanvaya hai| samudAyo duHkhakAraNam / tad dvividha-pratyayopanibandhano hetuupnibndhnshc| tatra pratyayopanibandhanasya saMgrAhakaM sUtram-'idaM pratyayaphalam' iti / idaM kArya ye anye hetavaH pratyayanti gacchanti, teSAmavamAnAnAM hetUnAM bhAvaH pratyayatvaM kAraNasamavAyaH, tanmAtrasya phalaM, na cetanasya kasyaciditi suutraarthH| samudAya kA artha hai duHkha kA kAraNa / vaha ( kAraNa ) do prakAra kA hai-(1) pratyaya para AdhArita aura ( 2 ) kAraNa ( hetu ) para AdhArita / inameM pratyaya para AdhArita ( duHkhakAraNa ) ko samajhAnevAlA sUtra hai-'yaha ( kAryasamUha ) pratyaya (kAraNasamavAya ) kA hI pariNAma hai|' isa kArya [ ke utpAdana ] kI ora jo dUsare hetu jAte haiM ( kArya utpanna karate haiM--kArya prati ayanti ), una jAnevAle ( dUsare kAraNoM ke sAtha milanevAle ) kAraNoM kA bhAva hI pratyaya hai jise kAraNa-samavAya bhI kaha sakate haiN| [ kArya] una pratyayoM kA hI phala hai cetana kA nahIM--yahI sUtra kA artha hai / [Azaya yaha hai ki kAraNoM ke samUha ke svabhAva se hI kArya kI utpatti honA-pratyayopanibandhana samudAya hai| aMkura ko utpanna karane meM miTTI, jala, bIja Adi kAraNa haiM koI cetana sattA ('aham karomi' ke rUpa meM ) ina padArthoM meM nahIM hai / na to miTTI hI cetana hai na aMkura hii| cetana sattA ke abhAva meM kevala kAraNoM se kArya hotA hai / hetUpanibandhana meM kramika kArya hotA hai-aMkura se kANDa, kANDa se nAla, nAla se garbha "Adi / yahA~ bhI cetana sattA nahIM rahatI / na to aMkura hI samajhatA hai ki maiM utpanna kara rahA hai aura na kANDa hI apane ko utpAdita samajhatA / ] yathA bIjaheturaGkuro dhAtUnAM SaNNAM smvaayaajjaayte| tatra pRthivIdhAturaGkurasya kAThinyaM gandhaM ca janayati / abdhAtuH snehaM rasaM ca janayati /

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe tejodhAtU rUpamauSNyaM ca / vAyudhAtuH sparzanaM calanaM ca / AkAzadhAturavakAzaM zabdaM ca / RtudhAturyathAyogaM pRthivyAdikam / 78 udAharaNa ke lie bIja - hetuvAlA aMkura chaha dhAtuoM ( mUla kAraNoM ) ke samavAya (mela) se utpanna hotA hai ( na to kArya hI cetana hai aura na kAraNa, yaha bhI nahIM ki koI dUsarI cetanazakti inakI sahAyatA kara rahI hai / isalie phala nikalatA hai ki aMkurAdi kArya kevala kAraNoM ke mela se hI banate haiM ) / 1 inameM pRthivI dhAtu ( The element of carth ) aMkura meM kaThoratA aura gandha utpanna karatA hai / jala-dhAtu cikanAhaTa aura rasa ( svAda ) utpanna karatA hai / teja ( agni ) dhAtu rUpa aura uSNatA vAyudhAtu sparza aura gati detA hai, AkAza-dhAtu zabda aura sthAna kI pUrti karatA hai| Rtu-dhAtu yogyatA ( yA AvazyakatA ) ke anusAra pRthivI Adi tattvoM ko pradAna karatA hai / ( jisa Rtu meM padArtha hotA hai usakI vizeSatAe liye hue rahatA hai / usake anusAra pRthivI Adi tattvoM meM nyUnAdhikatA para prabhAva par3atA hai ) / ( 28. ka. hetUpanibandhana samudAya kA svarUpa ) hetUpa nibandhanasya ca saMgrAhakaM sUtram -- utpAdAdvA tathAgatAnAmanutpAdAdvA sthitaMvaiSAM dharmANAM dharmatA dharmasthititA dharmaniyAmakatA ca pratItyasamutpAdAnulomatA / ' tathAgatAnAM buddhAnAM mate dharmANAM kAryakAraNarUpANAM yA dharmatA kAryakAraNabhAvarUpA, eSA utpAdAdanutpAdAdvA sthitA / yasminsati yadutpadyate, yasminnasati yannotpadyate tattasya kAraNasya kAryam - - iti / 'dharmatA' ityasya vivaraNaM dharmasthititetyAdi / dharmasya kAryasya kAraNAnatikrameNa sthitiH / svArthikaH tal pratyayaH, dharmasya kAraNasya kAryaM prati niyAmakatA / hetUpanibandhana samudAya kA varNana karanevAlA sUtra yaha hai - ' tathAgatoM ke mata se ina dharmo ( kAryakAraNa ) kI dharmatA ( kArya-kAraNa honA) utpatti ( anvaya) tathA anutpatti ( vyatireka ) se siddha hI ho jAtI hai; isameM dharma ( kArya ) kI sthiti, dharma ( kAraNa ) kI niyantraNazakti tathA pratItya-samutpAda ( kAraNa pAkara kArya honA ) kI anukUlatA bhI hai / ' [ isakA yaha artha hai - 1 tathAgatoM arthAt buddhoM ( nirvANaprApta logoM ) ke mata se kAryakAraNa ke rUpa meM jo dharma haiM unakI dharmatA prakRti Nature ) kArya-kAraNa ke bhAva ke rUpa meM hai / yaha utpAda ( anvaya - vidhi ) aura anutpAda ( vyatireka - vidhi siddha ho gaI hai / jisake rahane para jisakI utpatti hotI hai ( utpAda ) aura jisake na rahane para jo utpanna nahIM hotA ( anutpAda ) vaha usa kAraNa kA kArya hai / 'dharmatA' zabda kI 'dharmasthititA' ityAdi zabdoM ke dvArA vyAkhyA kI gaI hai / ( dharmasthititA = ) dharma arthAt kArya kA kAraNa kA ullaGghana na karake sthita rahanA / 'sthititA' meM tala ( tA ) pratyaya usI artha

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bauddha-darzanam 79 kA bodhaka hai ( .:. nirarthaka hai ) / dharmaniyAmakatA = dharma arthAt kAraNa kA kArya ke prati niyAmaka honA / ( isalie dharmatA kA artha hai 'kArya kA kAraNa ke binA na rahanA' aura 'kAraNa kA kArya para niyantraNa rakhanA' / ) nanvayaM kAryakAraNabhAvazcetanamantareNa na saMbhavatItyata uktam--pratItyeti / kAraNe sati tatpratItya prApya samutpAde'nulomatA = anusAritA yA, seva dharmatotpAdAdanutpAdAdvA dharmANAM sthitaa| na cAtra kazniccetano'dhiSThAtopalabhyata--iti sUtrArthaH // yahA~ para koI pUcha sakatA hai ki kArya-kAraNa kA sambandha kisI cetana sattA ke [ hastakSepa kiye ] binA saMbhava nahIM hai, isalie [ unakI zaMkA ke nirAkaraNa ke lie ] kahA hai--pratItyasamutpAda kI anukuultaa| kAraNa ke rahane para use pAkara ( pratItya ) utpatti ( samutpAdaka ) hone para anuloma honA arthAt anusaraNa ( pIche-pIche rahanA )yahI dharmatA ( kAryakAraNa bhAva ) utpattiniyama aura anutpatti niyama se dharmoM ke viSaya meM siddha hotI hai ( kAryakAraNa kA sambandha siddha hotA hai ) / isameM koI bhI cetana adhiSThAtA ( sambandha jor3anevAlA ) nahIM milatA--yahI sUtra kA artha hai| vizeSa-cetana ke khaNDana meM bauddhoM kA vizeSa lakSya naiyAyikoM para hai, kyoMki ve hI Izvara kI sattA siddha karane ke lie aise anumAna kA Azraya lete haiM--pRthvI aMkurAdi sakataka hai kyoMki ye kArya haiM ghaTavat / vauddhoM kA siddhAnta hai ki na to bIja ko apane kAraNatva kA jJAna hai aura na aMkura ko hI apane kAryatva kaa| kAraNa to apane kArya ke Age sadA rahatA hai| cetana kahA~ hai ? jinameM kAryakAraNa bhAva hai unameM caitanya nahIM pAte aura jina IzvarAdi meM caitanya hai ve kArya karate nahIM dikhalAI pdd'te| pratItyasamutpAdasya hetUpanibandhano yathA-bIjAdakuraH, aGkurAtkANDa, kANDAnnAlaH, nAlAd garbha, tataH zUkaM, tataH puSpaM, tataH phalam / na cAtra bAhya samudAye kAraNaM bIjAdi kAryamaGakurAdi vA cetayate-'ahamaGakuraM nivartayAmi, ahaM bIjena nirvatitaH' iti / evamAdhyAtmikeSvapi kAraNadvayamavagantavyam / 'puraH sthite prameyAbdhau granthavistarabhIrubhiH' iti nyaayenoprmyte| pratItyasamutpAda kA hetUpanibandhana kAraNa isa prakAra hotA hai--bIja se aMkura, aMkura se granthi, granthi se DaMThala, DaMThala se kalI, kalI se DhUMDa, usase phUla aura taba phala ( isa 1-mAdhyamika-vRtti ( pR0 9)-asmin sati idaM bhavati, asyotpAdAdayamutpadyata iti idaM-pratyayArthaH pratItyasamutpAdArthaH / ( hetupratyayasApekSo bhAvAnAmutpAdaH pratItyasamutpApAdArthaH / )

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80 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe prakAra eka kAraNa kA dUsare kAraNa ko utpanna karate jAnA ) / yahA~ bAhya samudAyoM ( kAraNoM ke samUhoM ) ke hone para, bIjAdi kAraNa yA aMkurAdi kArya yaha nahIM samajhate ki maiM aMkura banA rahA hU~ yA maiM bIja se banA huuN| isI taraha AdhyAtmika padArthoM meM bhI do kAraNoM ( pratyaya, hetu ) ko samajha leN| yahA~ para usa lokokti ke anusAra chor3a dete haiM ki-'jAnane yogya vastuoM kA samudra hI sAmane meM hai, grantha ke bar3A ho jAne ke bhaya se [ vistAra ko chor3akara kevala dizAmAtra dikhalA deN]|' vizeSa-AdhyAtmika vastuoM kA pratyayopanibandhana jaise--kArya kI utpatti pRthivI, jala, agni, vAyu, AkAza aura vijJAna, ina chaha dhAtuoM ke samavAya se hotI hai / pRthivIdhAtu se kAya meM kaThoratA, jala-dhAtu se snigdhatA, agnidhAtu se varNa aura paripAka, vAyudhAtu se zvAsAdi, AkAzadhAtu se vistAra tathA vijJAna-dhAtu se nAma-rUpa prApta hotA hai| AdhyAtmika vastuoM kA hetUpanibandhana kAraNa hI bhavacakra kahalAtA hai| ise hI vizeSatayA pratItyasamutpAda samajhate haiN| isameM 12 kAraNoM kI zrRMkhalA pradarzita kI gaI hai / bauddha loga inheM hI duHkha kA kAraNa samajhate haiM-kSaNika vastuoM ko sthira samajhanA yA tattvoM ko na jAnanA avidyA hai| isI ke kAraNa pUrvajanma meM bhalA-burA karma karane kA saMskAra hotA hai| ye donoM kAraNa pUrva-janma se sambaddha haiM / saMskAra ke kAraNa hI isa janma meM prANI garbha meM AtA hai tathA vijJAna yA caitanya pAtA hai| isake phalasvarUpa zArIrika aura mAnasika avasthAe' ( nAma-rUpa ) use milatI haiN| nAma-rUpa ke kAraNa hI SaDAyatana (indriyoM kA samUha ) milatA hai jisake kAraNa bAlaka bAhya padArthoM kA sparza karatA hai| sparza karane para use sukha, duHkha tathA udAsInatA kI trividha vedanA ( Sensation ) hotI hai jisase padArthoM kI tRSNA utpanna ho jAtI hai| tRSNA se viSayoM kI Asakti yA upAdAna hotA hai aura usI se bhava arthAt nayA janma hotA hai jo pUrvajanma ke saMskAra ke samAna hI hai| yahAM taka ATha kAraNa vartamAna jIvana se sambaddha haiM / aba bhava ke kAraNa bhaviSya meM jAti ( janma ) lenA anivArya hai| phira jarAmaraNa ko kauna rokegA ? yahI duHkha ke kAraNoM kI zRMkhalA hai jisa para samUcA bauddha-darzana avalambita hai| (29. sautrAntika-mata kA upasaMhAra ) tdubhynirodhH| tadanantaraM vimalajJAnodayo vA muktiH| tannirodhopAyo mArgaH / sa ca tattvajJAnam / tacca prAcInabhAvanAbalAvatIti paramaM rahasyam / sUtrasyAntaM pRcchatAM kathitaM--'bhavantazca sUtrasyAntaM pRSTavantaH, 1-puraHsthite prameyAbdhau granthavistarabhIrubhiH / vistAraM samparityajya diGmAtramupadaryatAm /

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bauddha-darzanam sautrAntikA bhavantu' iti| bhagavatA'bhihitatayA sautrAntikasaMjJA saMjAteti // to, ina donoM kA ( duHkha ke kAraNoM kA, athavA duHkha aura duHkha kAraNa kA ) nirodha hotA hai| usake bAda vimalajJAna kA udaya hone se mukti hotI hai| duHkha ko rokane kA upAya hI mArga hai / vaha ( mArga ) hai tattvoM ko jAnanA / vaha tatvajJAna prAcIna bhAvanAoM ke hI kAraNa hotA hai-yahI sabase bar3A rahasya hai| sUtra ke aMtima siddhAnta pUchanevAloM ko ( buddha ne ) kahA-'.."aura Apa loga sUtra ke anta (gUr3ha rahasya ) ko pUchate haiM, isalie sautrAntika hoN|' bhagavAn (buddha ) ke kahane se inakA nAma sautrAntika par3a gayA / vizeSa-duHkhanirodha ke ATha kramika mArga buddha ne batAye haiM / ve haiM-samyak dRSTi ( jJAna ), samyak saMkalpa, samyak vacana, karmAnta (paMcazIla, dazazIla ), samyak AjIva, samyaka vyAyAma, samyaka smRti tathA samyaka smaadhi| inheM aSTAMga-mArga kahate haiN| samyaka kA artha hai madhyama-mArga, donoM atiyoM ( Extremes ) kA parityAga / na adhika bhoga na adhika tpsyaa| isake kAvyamaya varNana ke lie buddha kI nirvANa-trApti para hindI meM likhe gaye mere niraMjanA-khaMDakAvya ko dekheN| sautrAntika nAma par3ane kA kAraNa hai, sUtrAntoM ko maannaa| ye abhidhammapiTaka ko nahIM mAnate, kyoMki buddhavacana na hone se bhrAnta haiM / buddha ke AdhyAtmika upadeza sutta-piTaka meM hI saMniviSTa haiM / isasie ye use hI prAmANika mAnate haiN| yazomitra apanI sphuTArthA meM kahate haiM--'kaH sautrAntikArthaH ? ye sUtraprAmANikA na tu zAstraprAmANikAsne sautraantikaaH|' zAstra = abhidhrm| isa sampradAya ke pramukha AcArya ye haiM--kumAralAta ( 200 I0, takSazilAvAsI grantha-kalpanAmaMDatikA, zrIlAbha ( kumAra ke ziSya, sautrAntika vibhASA ko racanA ), dharmatrAta aura buddhadeva ( vasubandhu dvArA ullikhita ), yazomitra ( abhidharmakoSa kI TIkA skuTArthA ) / (30. vaibhASika-mata-bAhyArthapratyakSatvavAda ) kecana bauddhAH--bAhyeSu gandhAdiSvAntareSu rUpAdiskandheSu satsvapi, tatrAnAsthAmutpAdayituM sarva zUnyamiti prAthamikAnvineyAn acakathadbhagavAn, dvitIyAMstu vijJAnamAtragrahAviSTAnvijJAnamevaikaM saditi, tRtIyAnubhayaM satyamityAsthitAnvijJeyamanumeyamiti, seyaM viruddhA bhASeti varNayantaHvaibhASikAkhyayA khyaataaH| __kucha bauddha vaibhASika ke nAma se prasiddha haiM, kyoMki ye ina ( tInoM sampradAyoM ) kI bAta ko viruddha bhASA (vibhASA ) kahakara mAnate haiM--yadyapi gandhAdi bAhya padArthoM aura rUpAdi skandha ke Antarika padArthoM kI sattA hai, phira bhI bhagavAn buddha ne ( 1 ) pahale 1-sUtrAntaM pRcchati iti sautrAntikaH / pRcchatau susnAtAdibhyaH' iti Thak / 6 sa0 saM0

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ziSyoM meM avizvAsa utpanna karane ke lie 'saba kucha zUnya hai' aisA kahA / (2) dasare ziSyoM ko jo vijJAnarUpI grahoM se grasta the, yaha kahA ki vijJAna hI ekamAtra sat hai| ( 3 ) tIsare ziSyoM ko jo donoM ( bAhya-Antara ) ko satA meM AsthA rakhe hue the, yaha kahA ki vijJeya ( bAhya ) padArtha anumAna kA viSaya hai| vizeSa-vaibhASikoM kA purAnA nAma sarvAstivAdI hai, kyoMki ye saboM kI sattA svIkAra karate haiM / bAda meM jaba kaniSka ke samaya bauddhoM kI caturtha saMgIti huI to usameM isa sampradAya ke mUlagrantha Arya kAtyAyanIputra ke dvArA racita 'jJAnaprasthAnazAstra' para eka virATa TIkA banI jo 'vibhASA' khlaaii| isI grantha ko sabase adhika mAnya mAnane ke kAraNa sampradAya kA nAma vaibhASika par3a gyaa| yazomitra ne sphuTArthA meM likhA hai-vibhASayA divyanti caranti vA vaibhASikAH / vibhASAM vA vadanti vaibhASikAH / usthAdiprakSepAt Thak (pRSTha 12) / ___ azoka ke samaya jaba dvitIya saMgIti huI thI usI samaya sarvAstivAda apane priya siddhAntoM kI rakSA ke lie sthaviravAda ( theravAda ) se pRthak ho gayA thA / kaniSka ke samaya taka sarvAstivAdI phira vibhakta ho gaye-eka gandhAra ke sarvAstivAdI, dUsare kazmIra ke / lekina caturtha saMgIti meM ye eka kara diye gaye, jisakA nAma 'kazmIra vaibhASika' pdd'aa| sarvAstivAdiyoM kA mUla sAhitya saMskRta meM thA, parantu Aja ve grantha lupta haiM, kevala cInI aura tibbatI anuvAdoM para hI santoSa karanA par3atA hai| DA0 takAkusu ne inakA vistRta paricaya diyA hai| sastivAda aura sthaviravAda meM sUtra ( suttapiTaka ) aura vinaya (vinayapiTaka ) meM vizeSa antara nhiiN| unakA antara abhidharma ko lekara hai / sUtra meM vaibhASikoM ke grantha haiMdIrghAgama ( tula0 sthaviravAdI-dIrghanikAya ), madhyamAgama ( majjhimanikAya ), saMyuktAgama ( saMjutta nikAya ), aGgottarAgama ( aMguttaranikAya ) aura kSudrakAgama ( khuddakanikAya ) / isa prakAra nAma-krama meM to samatA hai hI, viSayavastu bhI donoM ke samAna hI haiN| inake vinaya pAMca haiM, jo sthaviravAdiyoM ke vinayapiTaka se tulanIya haiM sarvAstivAdI ( tibbatI )-sthaviravAdI ( pAlI ) mahAvagga (vinayapiTaka ) pAtimokkha 3. vinaya vibhAga sutta vibhaGga 4. vinaya kSudraka vastu cullavagga 5. vinaya uttara grantha parivAra ina granthoM kA mUla saMskRta se tibbatI anuvAda kaI zatAbdiyoM meM huA hai| yahI dazA anya granthoM ke tibbatI aura cInI anuvAdoM kI hai| 1. vinaya-vastu 2. prAtimokSa-sUtra

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bauddha darzanam 83 inakA abhidharma cIna meM Aja bhI apanA mastaka uThAye hue hai / ye grantha sAta haiM( 1 ) Arya kAtyAyanIputra racita jJAna - prasthAna ( 183 I0 pU0 ), ( 2 ) mahAkau Thala ( yajJomitra ke anusAra ) yAM zAriputra ( cInI anuvAdoM ke anusAra ) racita saMgIti paryAya, (3) vasumitra kA prakaraNavAda ( 183 I0 pU0 ), ( 4 ) devazarmA kA vijJAnakAya, (5) pUrNa yA vasumitra likhita dhAtukAya, ( 6 ) zAriputra yA maudgalyAyana racita dharmaskandha tathA ( 7 ) maudgalyAyana racita prajJaptizAstra / Upara kahA jA cukA hai ki jJAnaprasthAna para caturtha saMgIti meM vibhASA TIkA likhI gayI / isameM vasumitra aura azvaghoSa kA bar3A hAtha thA / isakI bhI tIna TIkAe~ huI, jinameM 'mahAvibhASA' sabase bar3I hai / huenasAMga ne isakA anuvAda cAra varSoM meM ( 656 - 59 I0 ) pUrA kiyaa| anuvAda cAra hajAra pRSThoM meM hai / " isa sampradAya ke anya AcArya haiM - vasubandhu ( cauthI zatAbdI ), kRtiyA~ - paramArthasaptati, tarkazAstra, vAdavidhi aura abhidharmakoza, abhidharmakoza kI TIkA -sampatti vipula hai, vasubandhu ke kArya sautrAntika-sampradAya meM bhI hue haiM), saMghabhadra ( vizuddha vaibhASika, abhidharmasamayavasubandhu ke virodhI, kRtiyA~ - abhidharma nyAyAnusAra yA kozakarakA, dIpikA, huenasAMga dvArA donoM kA anuvAda, pR0 1751 aura 749 ) / isake alAve anya AcArya bhI haiM, jinake cInI anuvAdoM meM nAma bace haiM / eSA hi teSAM paribhASA samunmiSati / vijJeyAnumeyatvavAde prAtyakSikasya kasyacidapyarthasyAbhAvena, vyAptisaMvedanasthAnAbhAvena anumAnapravRttyanupapattiH sakalalokAnubhavavirodhazca / tatazcArtho dvividhaH - grAhyeo'dhyavaseyazca / tatra grahaNaM nirvikalpakarUpaM pramANam / kalpanApoDhatvAt / adhyavasAyaH savikalpakarUpo'pramANam / kalpanAjJAnatvAt I unakI pAribhASika zabdAvalI isa prakAra nikalatI hai - 'vijJeya' ( bAhya padArthoM ) ko anumAna kA viSaya jo loga mAnate haiM ( = sautrAntika) ve pratyakSata: kisI bhI artha kI sattA ko svIkAra nahIM karate / phala yaha hotA hai ki vyApti ke jJAna ke sthAna kI bhI sattA nahIM rahegI, phira [ vyAptijJAna ke abhAva meM ] anumAnakI hI pravRtti nahIM hogI / ( Azaya yaha hai - 'jahAM dhUma hai vahA~ agni hai' isa vyApti kA jJAna kaise hotA hai ? hama rasoIghara kA udAharaNa deMge, jahAM dhUma aura agni kI vyApti pratyakSajJAna se prApta hotI hai / isalie rasoIghara ko vyApti ke saMvedana kA sthAna kaheMge / jaba sautrAntika loga kisI bhI padArtha kA pratyakSajJAna nahIM mAnate to rasoIghara bhI nahIM baca sakegA / isalie unake yahA~ pratyakSa ke abhAva meM vyAptijJAna kA koI upAya nahIM / jisa anumAna se kyA vyAptijJAna ke abhAva meM vaha Thahara sakegA ? isalie ve viSayoM kA jJAna karate haiM, bAhyArtha ko pratyakSagamya

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84 sarvadarzanasaMgrahemAnanA parama Avazyaka hai| ) dUsare, samUce saMsAra ke anubhava ke bhI [ vaha siddhAnta ] virodha meM hai ( sabhI loga vastuoM ko dekhakara jAnate haiM na ki anumAna karake ) / isake bAda artha do prakAra ke hote haiM-grAhya ( Sensible ) tathA adhyavaseya ( jJeya Knowable ) / [ indriyoM ke sAtha vastuoM kA saMyoga hote hI jaba nirvikalpaka ( Non-discriminative ) jJAna hotA hai ki yaha koI cIja hai, to isa jJAna kA viSaya devadattAdi padArtha grAhya kahalAte haiN| grAhya = nirvikalpaka jJAna jisakA ho vaisI vastu / bAda meM jaba jAti, guNa Adi vizeSoM kA pratyakSIkaraNa hotA hai taba 'yaha brAhmaNa hai, zyAma haiM' ityAdi savikalpaka jJAna ke viSaya ko adhyavaseva kahate haiN| adhyavaseya = savikalpaka jJAna kA viSaya / ] ____ taba unameM nirvikalpaka ke rUpa meM jo grahaNa ( grAhya kA jJAna = nirvikalpaka jJAna ) hotA hai vahI pramANa hai kyoMki usameM kalpanA bilkula nahIM rahatI ( apoDha = rahita ) / savikalpaka ke rUpa meM jo adhyavasAya hotA hai vaha apramANa hai kyoMki usameM [ vastu kA jJAna nahIM, ] kalpanA kA jJAna hotA hai| [ hama jAnate haiM ki jJAna ke vizeSa haiM-jAti (Class ), guNa ( Quality ), kriyA ( Action ) aura dravya ( Name ) / vastutaH sIpI rahane para bhI 'yaha cA~dI hai' isa prakAra kA jJAna cUMki kalpita-rajatatva se yukta hai ataH pramANa nahIM hai| usI prakAra jJAna ke ye cAroM vizeSa kalpita arthAt kalpanAprasata haiM isalie pramANa nahIM hote / bauddha loga mAnate haiM ki kalpanA se hI koI vastu asatya siddha hotI hai| jAti to vastuniSTha hai nahIM, use to apoha se jAnate haiM jaise-ghaTa jAti = ghaTa bhinna-bhinna yA ghaTetara bhinn| yaha bhI kAlpanika hI hai / saMjJAeM jo vastuoM ko dI jAtI haiM puruSa hI dete haiM ataH ve bhI kalpanA para hI AdhArita haiN| guNa aura kriyA ko apane Azraya se barAbara sambandha hai hI nahIM-ye bhI vastuniSTha na hokara kalpita haiN| savikalpaka jJAna meM mAnasika-dazA kA prakSepa vastu para hotA hai ataH adhyavaseya jJAna pramANa nahIM ho sakatA / jarmana dArzanika kA~Ta ( Kant ) ne bhI dRzyajagat ( Phenomenon ) aura satya-jagat ( Noumena ) kA antara dikhalAte hue kahA thA ki mUla satya ko hama nahIM jAna sakate kyoMki jaba jJAna karane jAte haiM taba vastu para buddhi kA AropaNa ho jAtA hai 1. nirvikalpaka aura savikalpaka jJAna kA bar3A sundara nidarzana zizupAlavadha kI ina paMktiyoM (112-3 ) meM huA hai jahA~ nArada ko AkAza se utarate dekhakara janatA meM pratikriyAeM hotI haiMnirvikalpaka-taM tirazcInamanUrusAratheH prasiddhamUrdhvajvalanaM havibhujaH / patatyadho dhAma visAri sarvataH kimetadityAkulamIkSitaM janaiH // 2 // savikalpaka-cayastviSAmityavadhAritaM purA tataH zarIrIti vibhAvitAkRtim / vibhuvibhaktAvayavaM pumAniti kramAdamuM nArada ityabodhi saH // 3 //

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bauddha darzanam 85 (Mind colours everything and as such cannot know the noumena or Reality. What we are capable to know is only Appearance as interpreted in terms of the mental colouring of the real nature of things-of the so-called things-in-themselves) prakAra pratyakSa bhI kabhI-kabhI apramANa mAnA jAtA hai / ( 31. nirvikalpaka pratyakSa hI ekamAtra pramANa hai ) we taduktam 24. kalpanApoDhama bhrAntaM pratyakSaM nirvikalpakam / vikalpo vastunirbhAsAdasaMvAdAdupaplavaH // iti / 25. grAhyaM vastu pramANaM hi grahaNaM yadito'nyathA / na tadvastu na tanmAnaM zabdaliGgendriyAdijam // iti ca / = jaisA ki kahA gayA hai - ' nirvikalpaka pratyakSa vaha hai jo kalpanA se rahita hai tathA bhrAnta ( mithyA jJAna ) bhI nahIM hai ( bhrAnta nahIM hone se yaha satya jJAna hai aura pramANa hai ) / vikalpa - pratyakSa ( savikalpaka pratyakSa ) meM vastuoM kI pratIti ( nirbhAsa, Appearance ) hotI hai, ekamati se jJAna na hone ke kAraNa yaha bhrama ( upaplava ) hai ( savikalpaka jJAna bhinna-bhinna puruSoM kA vibhinna prakAra se hotA hai, sabhI loga eka hI dRSTi se vastuoM ko nahIM jAnate isalie saboM kI ekamati nahIM / lekina pramANa vahI hai jo ekAtmaka - jJAna ho ) / aura bhI - ' grAhya ( nirvikalpaka pratyakSa kA viSaya ) vastu hI [ satya hai ] kyoMki pramANa kevala grahaNa ( nirvikalpaka pratyakSa dvArA jJAna ) hI hai / isake atirikta jo kucha hai vaha vastu nahIM hai, zabda, liMga aura indriyAdi se utpanna hone ke kAraNa vaha pramANa bhI nahIM / ' vizeSa - jJAna kI utpatti ke sAdhana ye haiM--zabda ( zabda- pramANa ), liMga ( anumAna pramANa ), indriya ( savikalpaka pratyakSa mAtra ) / Adi = upamAnAdi / ye sabhI jJAna kAlpanika haiM, vastuniSTha nahIM / zabda -- yadi koI kahe ki kalakatte meM kala khUba pAnI barasA, to zrotA apane pahale dekhe hue nagara ke samAna kalakatte kI kalpanA karatA hai, phira bItI huI rAta kI kalpanA karatA hai, phira kabhI dekhI huI varSA kI kalpanA karatA hai - isa prakAra krama se jJAna karatA huA zabdajJAna se paristhiti ko kalpanA kA viSaya banAtA hai isalie yaha pramANa nahIM | liMga - jo ajJAta vastu kA jJAna karAve ( lInamartha gamayati ) vahI liMga hai jaise - dhUmAdi / pahAr3a para dhUma dekhakara rasoIghara Adi jagahoM meM pahale dekhe gaye agni ke sadRza agni kI kalpanA anumAtA karatA hai / yahAM bhI pahale kI taraha kalpanA hai ataH liMga se utpanna jJAna ( anumAna ) bhI pramANa nahIM / indriya -- isase utpanna pratyakSa jJAna 1

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86 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe do prakAra kA hai - nirvikalpaka jo pramANa hai tathA savikalpa jo pramANa nahIM / upamAnAdi meM bhI go ke sadRza gavaya kahane para pUrvadRSTa go kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai ataH vaha bhI pramANa nahIM hai / isa prakAra vastuoM kA jJAna nirvikalpaka pratyakSa dvArA hI sambhava hai / nanu savikalpakasyAprAmANye kathaM tataH pravRttasyArthaprAptiH saMvAdazvopapadyeyAtAmiti cet na tad bhadram / maNiprabhAviSayamaNivikalpanyAyena pAraMparyeNArthapratilambhasaMbhavena tadupapatteH / avaziSTaM sautrAntikaprastAve prapaJcitamiti neha tanyate / yadi koI yaha zaMkA kare ki jaba Apa savikalpaka ko apramANa mAnate haiM taba isI jJAna ko pAkara, jo vyakti prastuta hokara, vastu kI prApti karatA hai, jisase sabhI sahamata haiM ( koI vivAda nahIM ) - isakI siddhi kaise hogI ? ( mAnA ki sIpI ko cA~dI samajha 'idaM rajatam' kahanA bhrAnta hai kyoMki vahA~ artha yA vastu kI prApti nahIM hotI lekina satya rajata kI sthiti meM to artha-prApti hotI hai / ise Apa kaise apramANa kaha sakate haiM ? isameM kisI kA vivAda bhI nahIM ki yaha cAMdI nahIM hai| saccI cIja ko kauna nahIM mAnegA ? isalie Apako savikalpaka kI prAmANikatA svIkAra karanI par3egI ) / utara hai ki zaMkA ThIka nahIM / maNi kI prabhArUpI viSaya se jisa prakAra maNi kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai usI paramparA ( krama ) se isa prakAra kI vastuoM kA jJAna sambhava hai, yaha siddha hotA / ( maNi kI prabhA ko dekhakara koI bhrama se 'yaha maNi hai' yaha socakara jAya to use prabhA ke dvArA hI maNi kI prApti hotI hai / para 'yaha rajata hai' isa prakAra savikalpaka bhrama jJAna se rajata kI prApti hotI hai| abhiprAya hai ki bhrama jJAna se hI kramazaH satyajJAna hotA hai / ) zeSa bAteM sotrAntikoM kI prastAvanA karate samaya hI kaha dI gaI haiM, yahA~ para nahIM bar3hAI jA rahI haiM / vaise hI satyarajata ke sthAna koI jAya to use usI ( 32. tattva kI abhinnatA - mArgoM meM bheda ) na ca vineyAzayAnurodhenopadezabheda: sAmpradAyiko na bhavatIti bhaNitavyam / yato bhaNitaM bodhicittavivaraNa -- 26. dezanA lokanAthAnAM sattvAzayavazAnugAH / bhidyante bahudhA loka upAyairbahubhiH punaH / / 27. gambhIrottAnabhedena kvaciccobhayalakSaNA / bhinnA hi dezanAbhinnA zUnyatAdvayalakSaNA // iti / 1 - tulanA kareM - vAkyapadIya - upAyAH zikSyamANAnAM bAlAnAmupalAlanAH / asatye vartmani sthitvA tataH satyaM samIhate //

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bauDa-darzanam aura aisA bhI nahIM kahanA cAhie ki ziSyoM (vineya ) ke abhiprAyoM ke kAraNa upadezoM meM bheda honA sAmpradAyika nahIM hai| ( ziSyoM kI vibhinna buddhi ke kAraNa guru kA upadeza eka hone para bhI sampradAya-different schools-ke calate upadezoM meM bheda hotA hai / buddha kA upadeza ekAtmaka hI thA / ) aisA bodhicitta ke vivaraNa ( TippaNI ke rUpa meM choTI TIkA ) meM kahA gayA hai-'sanmArga-pradarzakoM ( lIka ke svAmiyoM, AcAryoM ) ke upadeza, samajhanevAle logoM ke abhiprAyoM ke capeTa meM par3akara, saMsAra meM vibhinna mArgoM ( upAyoM ) ke kAraNa prAyaH bhinna-bhinna pratIta hote haiM / unake upadeza kahIM gambhIra haiM, kahIM spaSTa ( uttAna ), kahIM para donoM prakAra ke lakSaNoM ( gambhIratA aura spaSTatA ) se yukta haiM-isalie bheda ke kAraNa upadeza bhinna lagate haiM, kintu tattva ekamAtra zUnya hai aura jo advaya ( Non-dual ) aura abhinna haiN| ( upadeza ke bheda se tattva meM bheda nahIM par3atA, bheda hotA hai to mArga yA sampradAya meM / zUnyatattva kA varNana sabhI karate haiM parantu apanI buddhi ke anusAra hI / hIna buddhivAle ziSya eka zabda meM zUnyatA ko samajha na sake to sarvAstittvavAda ke mAdhyama se samajhe / madhyama buddhi vAle jJAna mAtra kA astitva mAnakara samajha sake, to prakRSTa buddhivAle ziSya sAkSAt rUpa se zUnyatA ko samajha gaye / ) ( 33. dvAdaza AyatanoM kI pUjA ) dvAdazAyatanapUjA zreyaskarIti bauddhanaye prasiddham28. arthAnupAya' bahuzo dvAdazAyatanAni vai| paritaH pUjanIyAni kimanyairiha pUjitaH // 29. jJAnendriyANi paJcava tathA karmendriyANi ca / manobuddhiriti proktaM dvAdazAyatanaM budhaiH // iti // bauddhoM ke siddhAnta meM prasiddha hai ki bAraha AyatanoM ( antaHsthAnoM ) kI pUjA mokSa denevAlI hai--'bahuta-sA dhana upArjita karake dvAdaza AyatanoM kI pUjA karanI cAhie / yahA~ dUsarI pUjAoM se kyA lAbha hai ? vidvAnoM ne kahA hai ki pA~ca jJAnendriyA~ ( carma, netra, karNa, rasanA aura nAsikA ), pA~ca karmendriyA~ ( hAtha, paira, muha, jananendriya tathA gudA ), mana aura buddhi-ye hI dvAdaza Ayatana haiM / ' (= inase samyak karma karanA cAhie / ) (34. bauddha-mata kA saMgraha ) vivekavilAse bauddhamatamitthamabhyadhAyi30. bauddhAnAM sugato devo vizvaM ca kSaNabhaMguram / AryasatyAkhyayA tattvacatuSTayamidaM kramAt / / 31. duHkhamAyatanaM caiva tataH samudayo mataH / mArgazcetyasya ca vyAkhyA krameNa zrUyatAmataH //

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88 sarvadarzanasaMgraheviveka-vilAsa meM bauddha-mata kA isa prakAra varNana kiyA gayA hai-'bauddhoM ke devatA sugata ( buddha ) haiM, saMsAra kSaNa meM naSTa ho jAtA hai| Aryasatya nAma ke cAra tattvoM ko kramazaH [ jAnanA cAhie ] | duHkha, duHkha kA sthAna, taba samudAya tathA mArga ( ye suprasiddha Aryasatya nahIM haiM, kyoMki ve haiM-duHkha, samudAya, nirodha aura mArga)-aba inakI vyAkhyA kramazaH suneN| 32. dukhaM saMsAriNaH skandhAste ca paJca prakIrtitAH / vijJAnaM vedanA saMjJA saMskAro rUpameva ca // 33. paJcendriyANi zabdAdyA viSayAH paJca mAnasam / dharmAyatanametAni dvAdazAyatAni tu // 34. rAgAdInAM gaNo yasmAtsamudeti nRNAM hRdi / AtmAtmIyasvabhAvAkhyaH sa syAtsamudayaH punH|| duHkha kA artha hai saMsAra meM rahanevAle prANI ke skandha, jo pAMca kahe gaye haiM-vijJAna, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura rUpa / dvAdaza Ayatana ye haiM--pA~ca indriyA~ ( jJAna kI ), zabdAdi pA~ca viSaya ( dUsare mata meM pA~ca karma kI indriyA~ ), mana tathA dharma kA Ayatana ( nivAsa sthAna arthAt buddhi ) / jisase rAgAdi kA samUha manuSyoM ke hRdaya meM utpanna hotA hai, AtmA ke apane svabhAva ke nAma se jo vidyamAna hai-vahI samudaya hai| 35. kSaNikAH sarvasaMskArA iti yA vAsanA sthiraa| sa mArga iti vijJeyaH sa ca mokSo'bhidhIyate // 36. pratyakSamanumAnaM ca pramANadvitayaM tathA / catuSprasthAnikA bauddhAH khyAtA vaibhASikAdayaH // 'sabhI saMskAra kSaNika haiM' yaha jo sthira vAsanA ( vicAra ) hai, ise hI mArga jAneM / ise mokSa bhI kahate haiN| pratyakSa aura anumAna-ye kevala do pramANa haiM / vaibhASika Adi bauddhoM ke cAra prasthAna ( Schools ) prasiddha haiN| 37. artho jJAnAnvito vaibhASikeNa bahu manyate / sautrAntikena pratyakSagrAhyo'rtho na bahirmataH // 38. AkArasahitA buddhiryogAcArasya sNmtaa| __ kevalAM saMvidaM svasthAM manyante madhyamAH punaH // 1-anyatrApyuktam---mukhyo mAdhyamiko vivartamakhilaM zUnyasya mene jagat, yogAcAramate tu santi matayastAsAM vivarto'khilaH / artho'sti kSaNikastvasAvanumito buddhayeti saujJAntikaH, pratyakSam kSaNabhaMguram ca sakalam vaibhASiko bhASate //

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bauddha darzanam 89 vaibhASika loga arthako jJAna se yukta ( pratyakSagamya ) mAnate haiM, sautrAntika bAhya artha ko pratyakSa dvArA grahaNIya nahIM lete ( anumeya mAnate haiM ) / yogAcAra ke mata se buddhi hI AkAra ke sAtha hai ( buddhi meM hI bAhyArtha cale Ate haiM - bheda-bhAva nahIM ) / mAdhyamika kevala jJAna ko hI apane meM sthita mAnate haiM / 39. rAgAdijJAnasaMtAnavAsanocchedasambhavA caturNAmapi bauddhAnAM muktireSA prakIrtitA // 40. kRttiH kamaNDalu mauNDyaM cIraM pUrvAbhojanam / saGgho raktAmbaratvaM ca zizriye bauddhabhikSubhiH // iti zrImatsAyaNamAdhavIye sarvadarzanasaMgrahe bauddha darzanam // 1:0:1 ( vi0 vi0 8 / 265-75 ) iti / rAgAdi-jJAna ko paramparArUpI vAsanA ke naSTa ho jAne se utpanna mukti cAroM prakAra ke bauddhoM ke lie kahI gayI hai / carma, kamaNDalu, muNDana, cIra (vastra), pUrvAhNa meM [ eka bAra ] bhojana, saMgha meM rahanA aura lAla ( kaSAya ) vastra dhAraNa karanA * bauddha bhikSu inheM hI svIkAra karate haiM / ' ( viveka - vilAsa, 8 / 265-75 ) / -- isa prakAra zrImAn sAyaNa mAdhava ke sarvadarzana-saMgraha meM bauddhadarzana [ samApta huA ] / // iti bAlakavinomAzaGkareNa racitAyAM sarvadarzana saMgrahasya prakAzAkhyAyAM vyAkhyAyAM bauddhadarzanamavasitam // +

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3 Arhata-darzanam jIvAditattvanicayaM samupAdizadho jJAnaprapazvamakhilaM saralaM tathaiva / saMdizya darzanamathApi caritramevaM jaino bhavetpathi nidarzaka eSa vIraH // RSiH ( 1. kSaNika - bhAvanA kA khaNDana ) taditthaM muktakacchAnAM matamasahamAnA vivasanAH kathaMcitsthAyitvamAsthAya kSaNikatvapakSaM pratikSipanti / yadyAtmA kazcinnAsthIyeta sthAyI, tahalaukikapAralaukika phalasAdhanasampAdanaM viphalaM bhavet / kA~cha ( pichuA, dhotI ke agale bhAga kI chora, kaccha ) ko khulA rakhanevAle ( = bauddha ) logoM ke isa kSaNikatva - mata ko vastra -hIna ( jaina ) loga sahana nahIM kara pAte tathA kisI prakAra [ sattA kA ] sthAyitva svIkAra karake kSaNikatva - mata kA khaNDana karate haiM / yadi koI sthAyI AtmA nahIM mAnI jAya to ihaloka ( saMsAra ) aura paraloka - donoM kI phalaprApti ke sAdhanoM ( vrata, upavAsa, dAna, puNya Adi ) kA sampAdana vyartha ho jAyagA / vizeSa - - mAdhavAcArya bauddhoM aura jainoM ke sAtha vyaMgya karate haiM / bauddha loga kA~cha nahIM bA~dhate to jaina loga unake bhI cAcA haiM ki vastra hI nahIM pahanate / spaSTataH yaha saMketa digambara jainiyoM para hai / Azcarya hai ki kAMcha na bAMdhanevAle ke mata ko vastrahIna loga doSapUrNa mAneM, para yahI to saMsAra kA niyama hai| jainiyoM kI Apatti hai ki yadi sabhI padArtha kSaNa-kSaNa badalate jA rahe haiM taba sabhI karma badala jAyeMge / kAma karanevAle phala pAne ke samaya nahIM raheMge / kAma kare dUsarA, phala mile dUsare ko / koI kAma karane kI jarUrata hI phira kyA hai ? ise hI bAda meM spaSTa kareMge / na hyetatsambhavatyanyaH karotyanyo bhuGkta iti / tasmAdyo'haM prAk karma akaravaM so'haM samprati tatphalaM bhuJja iti pUrvAparakAlAnuyAyinaH sthAyinastasya spaSTapramANAvasitatayA pUrvAparabhAgavikalakAlakalAvasthitilakSaNakSaNikatA parIkSakairarhadbhirna parigrahAha / yaha kabhI saMbhava nahIM hai ki eka vyakti kAma kare aura dUsarA usakA phala le le / isalie, 'jisa vyakti ne ( maiMne ) pahale kAma kiyA thA, vahI vyakti ( maiM ) isa samaya

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Aheta-varzanam usakA phala-bhoga kara rahA hai'-isa prakAra spaSTa ( pratyakSa ) pramANa se mAlama hotA hai ki parva ( pahale ) aura apara ( bAda meM ) kAla meM honevAlA kArya yA bhAva sthAyI ( akSaNika ) hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki satya kA anusaMdhAna karanevAle jaina loga ( arhat ) usa kSaNikatA ko grahaNa karane meM asamartha haiM jisameM pUrvApara ke krama se rahita, kAla ke eka choTe aMza ( kalA ) taka hI [ kisI padArtha kI ] sthiti svIkAra kI jAtI hai| [ sthAyI padArtha meM pUrva aura apara kA krama rahatA hai| dina sthAyI hai, usakA pUrva bhAga aura apara bhAga ho sakatA hai, lekina eka kSaNa kA na to pUrvabhAga hotA na aprbhaag| cUMki udAharaNoM se spaSTa kiyA jAtA hai ki kisI bhI satA ke pUrva aura apara-do khaMDa hote haiM isalie sattA sthAyI hI hogI kyoMki kSaNika meM pUrvApara nahIM hotaa|] (2. kSaNika-pakSa meM bauddhoM kI yukti ) atha manyethAH- . pramANavattvAdAyAtaHpravAhaH kena vAryate ? - iti nyAyena 'yatsattakSaNikam' ityAdinA pramANena kSaNikatAyAH pramitatayA, tadanusAreNa samAnasaMtAnavatinAmeva prAcInaH pratyayaH karmakartA, taduttaraH pratyayaH phlbhoktaa| ___ Apa loga yaha kaha sakate haiM-'pramANoM se siddha hokara nikalA huA [ kSaNikasattA kA ] yaha pravAha kauna roka sakatA hai ?' isa niyama se, 'jo kucha sat (sthita existent ) hai, kSaNika hai' isa prakAra ke pramANa se kSaNikatA mAlUma hotI hai / isake anusAra, eka hI saMtAna arthAt paramparA meM rahanevAle [ jJAnoM meM ] pahale kA pratyaya ( jJAna ) kAma karanevAlA hai, usake bAda kA jJAna phala bhoganevAlA hogaa| [ Azaya yaha hai ki ApAtataH anucita laganevAlI bAta bhI yadi pramANoM se siddha ho jAya to use mAna lenA cAhie / isalie 'yat sat, tat kSaNikam' isa anumAna se siddha kSaNikatva ko hameM mAna lenA hI par3egA, bhale hI anubhava aisA karane ko nahIM kaha rahA ho| hara vyakti kI apanI jJAna-paramparA ( yA pratyaya-santAna ) hotI hai| usa paramparA meM pUrvakSaNa aura aparakSaNa to raheMge hI ! mAna liyA ki rAma ke pratyaya-saMtAna meM pUrvakSaNa meM vartamAna kisI AtmA yA pratyaya ne kAma kiyA to phala kA bhoga bhI usI saMtAna meM vidyamAna usake bAda ke kSaNa kI AtmA kregii| isameM koI asaMgati kI bAta nahIM hai| ] na caatiprsnggH| kAryakAraNabhAvasya niyAmakatvAt / yathA madhurarasabhAvitAnAmAmrabIjAnAM parikarSitAyAM bhUmAvuptAnAmakurakANDaskandhazAkhApallavAdiSu tadvArA paramparayA phale maadhuryniymH| yathA vA lAkSArasAvasiktAnAM kArpAsabIjAdInAmaGakurAdipAramparyeNa kArpAsAdau rktimniymH|

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe isameM atiprasaMga ( prastuta viSaya ke alAve dUsare ko bhI sameTa lenA ) kI zaMkA nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki isake pIche kAryakAraNa kA niyama ( The law of Causation ) bhI niyaMtraNa karane lie lagA huA hai / [ Azaya yaha hai--samAna meM santAna pUrvakSaNa aura aparakSaNa kA koI niyaMtraNa nahIM hai| eka ke kiye hue karma kA phala dUsare saMtAna meM vidyamAna vyakti ko bhI mila sakatA hai| rAma ke kiye hue kAma kA phala zyAma ko bhI mila sakatA hai / ise hI atiprasaMga karate haiM / lekina aisA honA saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki kSaNoM meM kAryakAraNa kA niyama to rahatA hai ? eka hI saMtAna meM vidyamAna pUrvakSaNa kAraNa hai, uttarakSaNa kArya / ataH aisA kabhI nahIM ho sakatA hai ki asamartha kAraNa kisI kArya ko utpanna kare / eka hI saMtAna ke kSaNoM meM pUrvAparatA ke anusAra kAryakAraNa bhAva ho sakatA hai; eka sakatA hai aura na apane hI saMtAna meM ataH yaha socanA nirarthaka hai ki eka saMtAna kA kSaNa na to dUsare saMtAna-kSaNa kA kAraNa ho kaI kSaNoM ke bAda ke kSaNa kA kAraNa bana sakatA hai / vyakti ke kiye kAma kA phala dUsarA vyakti le legA / ] jaise madhura - rasa meM DubAye gaye ( saMskRta kiye gaye Ama ke bIjoM ko jutI huI bhUmi meM DAla dene se kramaza: usake dvArA aMkura, kANDa ( granthi - sandhiyA~ ), skandha ( tanA ), zAkhA, patte Adi se hotI huI madhuratA phala meM calI AtI hai / athavA, lAha ke rasa se sIMce gaye kapAsa ke bIjoM se lAlI kramaza: aMkurAdi meM hotI huI kapAsa meM calI AtI hai [ usI prakAra karma kA phala bhI paramparA se usI saMtAna meM sthita vyakti ko milatA hai, dUsare ko nahIM ] / yathoktam 92 1. yasminneva hi saMtAne AhitA karmavAsanA / phalaM tatraiva badhnAti kArpAse raktatA yathA // 2. kusume bIjapUrAderyallAkSAdyavasicyate / zaktirAdhIyate tatra kAcittAM kiM na pazyasi ? // iti / jisa saMtAna yA paramparA meM karma kI vAsanA ( chApa impression ) lagA dI jAtI hai, phala bhI usI paramparA meM milatA hai jaise kapAsa meM lAlI hotI hai [ yadi lAlI bIja meM dI gaI hai to vaha usI ke phala -- rUI meM pahuMcegI, Ama meM yA lIcI meM nahIM ] / bIjapUra ( bijaurA ) nIMbU ke phUla meM jaba lAkSA ( lAha ) Adi chir3akI jAtI hai taba eka vizeSa zakti ( lAlI ) A jAtI hai, use kyA tuma nahIM dekhate ho [ ki aisI anargala bAteM karate ho ? ] vizeSa--yahA~ bauddhoM kI kareMge / uparyukta udAharaNa meM haiM / saMbhava hai, bhaviSya meM phaloM, phUloM para prayoga aise hoM ki unheM manonukUla banA leM / yukti kA pUrvapakSa samApta huaa| aba jaina isakA khaMDana kapAsa Adi kI vicitra bAteM abhI taka vaijJAnika asatya

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Ahata-varzanam ( 3. janoM dvArA uparyukta mata kA khaMDana ) tadapi kAzakuzAvalambanakalpam / vikalpAsahatvAt / jaladharAdau dRSTAnte kSaNikatvamanena pramANena pramitaM, pramANAntareNa vaa| naabH| bhavadabhimatasya kSaNikatvasya kvacidapyadRSTacaratvena dRSTAntAsiddhAvasyAnumAnasyAnutthAnAt / na dvitIyaH / tenaiva nyAyena sarvatra kSaNikatvasiddhau sttvaanumaanvaiphlyaaptteH| arthakriyAkAritvaM sattvamityaGgIkAre mithyAsarpadaMzAverapyarthakriyAkAritvena satvApAdanAcca / ata evoktam-utpAdavyayaprauvyayuktaM sditi| - baudoM kI yaha yukti kAza (eka ujale phUlavAlI ghAsa jo mIThI hotI hai tathA zarad meM phUlatI hai ) aura kuza kA sahArA lenA bhara hai, ( isameM tathya nhiiN|) [ DUbatA huA vyakti yadi tinakA pakar3a le to bacAva nahIM ho sakatA, usI prakAra doSa-nadI meM ye bauddha DUba rahe hai| uparyukta yukti eka tinake ke samAna hai, isase rakSA kyA hogI ? hA~, thor3I dera ke lie mAnasika zAnti mila pAtI hai ki maiMne uttara de diyaa| abhiprAya hai ki kSaNikavAda pala nahIM sakatA / isameM kAraNa hai|] [ uparyukta yukti meM do vikalpa ho sakate haiM aura ] donoM kA khaNDana ho jAtA hai| ve donoM haiM-jeladhara ityAdi kA dRSTAnta jo Upara diyA gayA hai ( yat sat tat kSaNikaM yathA jaladharaH santazca bhAvA amI) usameM kSaNikatva kI siddhi isI pramANa ( = anumAna) se hotI hai yA kisI dUsare pramANa kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai ? ( dUsarA pramANa = pratyakSa, zabda aadi)| pahalA vikalpa ThIka nahIM, kyoMki Apake mata ke anusAra jo kSaNikatva hai vaha kahIM bhI dikhalAI nahIM par3atA, isalie dRSTAnta hI ThIka nahIM ( jaladhara ko sabhI vyakti sthAyI rUpa se dekhate haiM, na ki kSaNa-kSaNa meM parivartita ), to uparyukta anumAna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| [Azaya yaha hai-yoM to sabhI loga saMsAra ko kSaNabhaMgura mAnate haiM kintu bauddhoM kA kSaNa kucha dUsarA hI hai / sAmAnya dRSTi se kSaNa kA artha hai thor3I dera, isalie kSaNa-bhaMgura = thor3I dera taka tthhrnevaalaa| nyAyazAstra meM kSaNa kA artha hai tIna kSaNa taka ThaharanA kyoMki pahale kSaNa meM utpatti, dUsare meM sthiti aura tIsare meM vinAza / lekina sabhI vastueM vahA~ bhI kSaNika nahIM haiM / bauddhoM kA kSaNa to eka kSaNa kA hI hai| lekina aisI koI cIja nahIM hai jo eka kSaNa-bhara Thahare / kSaNa = aisA kAlAMza jisase sUkSmatara aura koI kAla na ho, sUkSmatama kAlAMza / nimeSa taka to hama anubhava kara sakate haiM kintu kSaNa kA nhiiN| nimeSa ko hI lIjie-isameM cAra kSaNa haiM--palaka calAnA, isake pUrvasthAna kA vibhAjana, pUrvasaMyoganAza, uttarasaMyoga kI utpatti / kSaNa kA anubhava nahIM kara pAne se ho hama cAroM ko eka sAtha samajha lete haiN| kSaNa ke rUpa meM kAla kA vibhAjana karanA kaThina

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe hai / jaladhara yadyapi kSaNa kSaNa badalatA hai para yahA~ kA samaya ), na ki bauddhoM kA kSaNa / kSaNa nimeSa se sakatA / jaba dRSTAnta hI ThIka nahIM to anubhava anumAna siddha nahIM ho sakatA ] / dUsarA vikalpa ( dUsare pramANa se ise siddha karanA ) bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki usI prakAra se kSaNikatva kI siddhi sarvatra ho jAyagI to phira sattA ko [ kSaNika mAnane ke lie ] koI bhI anumAna karanA vyartha ho jAyagA / [ yadi pratyakSa se hI yaha siddha hai ki sattA kSaNika hai to ghaTa, paTa ityAdi ko kSaNika siddha karane ke lie anumAna kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? yadi buddha ke upadeza yA zabda- pramANa se hI yaha siddha hai to bhI ghaTa, paTa Adi siddha ho jAya~ge / phira kSaNikatva kI sattA siddha karane ke lie anumAna kyoM ? ] utpanna karanevAle ( artha kriyAkArI ) ko sat sat mAnanA par3egA utpanna hote haiM / phira bhI yadi Apa kaheM ki kucha kArya kahate haiM to jhUTha-mUTha ke sA~pa kATane ko bhI kArya ( jaise bhaya, zaMkAjanita mRtyu Adi ) sattA vaha hai jisameM utpatti, vinAza ( vyaya ) aura sthiti 94 kSaNa kA artha hai nimeSa ( palaka girane bhI choTA hai ataH koI use AMka nahIM kaise hogA ? isalie anumAna se ukta kyoMki isase bhI to kucha ataH yaha kahA gayA hai ki ( dhrauvya ) ho [ yaha jainoM hai ] / vizeSa - - Upara ke pahale vivecana meM Ama ke bIja, kapAsa Adi dRSTAnta dekara sattA ko kSaNika aura santAnayukta siddha karane kI ceSTA kI gayI thI / vahA~ bIjAdi kAraNa haiM aura phala-phUla kArya, jinameM paramparA se madhuratA yA lAlI kA saMkramaNa eka- dUsare taka hotA hai / lekina vAstava meM yaha bAta nahIM hai / madhuratA yA lAlI nahIM calI jAtI hai / jAte haiM to madhura yA lAla bIja ke aMza / unhIM kA saMkramaNa hotA hai / kAraNa vaha hai, jo kArya se sIdhA lagAva rakheM ( kAryAnvayi kAraNam ) / jaisA kArya, vaisA kAraNa / aMkurArAdi kAryoM se sambaddha bIja kA aMza hI kAraNasvarUpa hai, pUrA bIja kAraNa nahIM / yaha to lAkSaNika prayoga hai ki bIja aMkura kA kAraNa hai / to jo bIjAMza madhura rasa meM saMskRta haiM, lAkSA-rasa se sIMce hue haiM ve hI kArya se sambaddha hone para madhura yA lAla dikhalAI deMge / ataH anyatra utpanna saMskAra kA phala anyatra hogA - isa viSaya meM koI dRSTAnta nahIM milatA hai / ( 4. kSaNikavAda ke khaNDana kI dUsarI vidhi ) athocyate - sAmarthyAsAmarthyalakSaNa viruddhadharmAdhyAsAttatsiddhiriti, tadasAdhu / syAdvAdinAmanekAntatAvAdasyeSTatayA virodhAsiddheH / yaduktaM kArpAsAdidRSTAnta iti, taduktimAtram / yukteranukteH / tatrApi niranvayanAzasyAnaGgIkArAcca / isake uttara meM bauddha loga yaha kaha sakate haiM ki kSaNikavAda kI siddhi isa tathya se ho sakatI hai ki [ aisA na mAnakara sattA ko sthAyI mAnane se ] eka hI padArtha meM do viruddha

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95 Arhata-darzanam dharmo - sAmarthya aura asAmarthya - kI sthiti eka sAtha hone lagegI / [ udAharaNa ke liekoThI meM rakhA aura jamIna meM boyA bIja yadi eka hI hai to usameM aMkura utpanna karane kI sAmarthya hai ki nahIM ? yadi hai to koThI kA bIja aMkurotpAdana kara sakatA hai / sahakArI bhAvoM ko bauddha darzana kI vivecanA meM kATA jA cukA hai ( de0 pR0 37 aura Age / / yadi bIjoM meM aMkurotpAdana kI sAmarthya nahIM hai to bhUmi meM boye bIjoM se bhI aMkura nahIM nikaleMge / aisA bhI nahIM kaha sakate ki sAmarthya bhI hai, asAmarthya bhI / donoM paraspara virodhI haiM / ataH anta meM Apa kSaNikavAda ko hI svIkAra kareMge / ] bauddhoM kA yaha tarka bhI ThIka nahIM hai / syAdavAda ke siddhAnta ko dhAraNa karanevAle ( jaina ) loga anekAntatA ( anizcaya ) ke siddhAnta ko mAnate haiM, isalie koI bhI virodha unake lie asiddha haiM / [ jaina-darzana ke anusAra pratyeka parAmarza ke pahale use sImita aura sApekSa banAne ke lie 'sthAta' = 'zAyada' - avyaya kA jor3anA Avazyaka hai / abhI hama ghaTa kI sattA kA anubhava karate haiM, kintu hamArI yaha anubhUti kAla aura deza para avalambita hai, traikAlika satya yaha sattA nahIM hai aura na hI sArvadezika | yaha sApekSa sattA hai, jisake viSaya meM nizcita rUpa se hamArA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA -- adhika-se-adhika hama 'syAdasti' ( zAyada yA kisI taraha hai ) kaha sakate haiM / isalie jaina-darzana meM pratyeka parAmarza ke pUrva 'syAt' lagAte haiM / isI siddhAnta ko syAdvAda kahate haiM / isakA dUsarA nAma anekAntavAda hai, kyoki kisI jJAna kA nizcaya yA ekAnta isameM nahIM ho sakatA / isake anusAra do viruddha padArthoM - jaise sAmarthya + asAmarthya, asti + nAsti meM kabhI bhI virodha nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki ghaTa kA astitva aura nAstitva donoM hI isake AdhAra para siddha ho sakatA hai / bauddhoM kA yaha kahanA ki asAmarthya aura sAmarthya eka hI sthAna meM nahIM raha sakate, jaina- darzana ke lie AsAna hai, donoM sAtha-sAtha bhI ho sakate haiM / kSaNikatva siddha karane kI yaha yukti bhI khaNDita ho gayI / aba dUsarI yukti leM / ] air loga yaha jo kahate haiM ki isakI siddhi ke lie kapAsa ityAdi dRSTAnta dete haiM, vaha kevala kahane bhara ko hai, koI yukti to usameM nahIM dete / [ kevala dRSTAnta dene se anumAna kI siddhi nahIM hotI / rasoIghara meM dhUma aura agni dekhane para bhI zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki dhUmavAn padArtha meM agni kA honA kyA jarUrI hai ? isa avasthA meM hameM donoM ke bIca kArya-kAraNa-bhAva ke rUpa meM yukti denI par3egI / tabhI zaMkA haTa sakatI hai, tabhI parvata meM dhUma dekhakara agni kA anumAna kara sakate haiM, yoM hI nahIM / kapAsa meM bhI kyA koI yukti hai ? isa dRSTAnta meM bhI ve loga niranvaya = sambandhahIna nAza hI cAhate haiM, ] vahA~ bhI nAza ko niranvaya rUpa se hama loga aMgIkAra nahIM kara sakate / vizeSa - bauddha kisI vastu ke nAza ko sambandhahIna mAnate haiM, kyoki kSaNa meM vastu naSTa hotI jAtI hai, kisI se kisI kA koI sambandha nahIM hai / lekina vastusthiti isake

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96 sarvadarzanarsa grahe viparIta hai, nAza jaba hotA hai to sAnvaya hI / ghar3A hone para Tukar3e raheMge, kapar3A naSTa hone para rAkha bacegI aura yahA~ taka ki garma lohe para par3A huA jala bhI naSTa hone para samudra meM calA jAtA hai / padArtha nitya hai, naSTa hone para bhI kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM rahegA hI / ThIka isI prakAra kapAsa ke bIjAvayavoM meM bhI, jo kArya se sambaddha hone yogya haiM, lAha ke rasa kA sevana hotA hai| unhIM ke avayavoM meM phala nikalane taka sambandha hote-hote lAlI A jAtI hai / paramparA se to kucha hogA hI nahIM / saMskAra ( lAkSArasAvaseka ) kahIM aura jagaha ho tathA usakA phala ( lAlI ) kahIM aura jagaha- yaha kaise ho sakatA hai ? kAraNabAlI AtmA meM ( eka hI santAna aura paramparA meM ) karma ho aura kAryAtmA meM usake phala kA upabhoga - bauddhoM kA yaha siddhAnta siddha nahIM ho sakatA / na ca saMtAnivyatirekeNa saMtAnaH pramANapadavImupAroDhumarhati / taduktam- 3. sajAtIyAH kramotpannAH pratyAsannAH parasparam / vyaktayastAsu saMtAnaH sa caika iti gIyate // iti // na ca kAryakAraNabhAvaniyamo'tiprasaGga bhaGktamarhati / tathA hyupAdhyAyabuddhadhanubhUtasya ziSyabuddhiH smarettadupacitakarmaphalamanubhavedvA // dUsare, santAna yA paramparA taba taka prAmANika nahIM mAnI jA sakatI, jaba taka ise paramparA milAnevAlI vastu ( santAnI santAnoM ko saMyukta karanevAlA ) na ho / bauddhoM kA kahanA hai ki eka hI paramparA meM utpanna pUrvakSaNa kI vastu karmakarttA hai aura uttarakSaNa kI vastu phalabhoktA, arthAt eka hI paramparA yA santAna ( Series ) kA kAma karanevAlI aura phala bhoganevAlI, donoM hI haiM -- lekina una kSaNoM meM paraspara sambandha kaise hotA hai ? unakA santAnoM yA saMyojaka kahA~ hai ? ye koI phUla kI mAlA to nahIM ki tAge se paraspara mile hoM ! isalie santAnI ke binA santAna ko siddha karanA Ter3hI khIra hai / ] aisA hI kahA bhI hai- 'vyakti ( pRthak-pRthakvastue~ Particular things ) yadi eka hI jAti yA prakAra ke hoM, kramazaH ( eka ke bAda dUsarA ) utpanna hue hoM aura Apasa meM yadi mile hue hoM to una vastuoM ko eka hIM santAna ( paramparA Series ) mAnI jAtI hai / Apa loga atiprasaMga ko rokane ke lie kArya-kAraNa-bhAva ko niyAmaka ke rUpa meM upasthita karate haiM (de0 pari0 2 ), lekana isase atiprasaMga ruka nahIM sakatA / aisA hone para adhyApaka kI buddhi meM anubhUta vastu kA smaraNa ziSya kI buddhi ke dvArA ho sakatA hai athavA unake dvArA upArjita karmoM ke phala kA anubhava bhI ziSya kI buddhi kara legI / [ Azaya yaha hai ki upAdhyAya kI budhi - santAna meM bahuta-sI kSaNika buddhiyA~ haiM / ziSya ko samajhAte samaya jo upAdhyAya kI kSaNika buddhi hai, usake sAtha do budhiyAM utpanna

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AItaparzanam hoMgI, eka upAdhyAya meM, dUsarI ziSya meN| yaha to mAnanA hogA ki apane anubhUta viSaya ko adhyApaka isalie yAda karatA hai ki vaha usI santAna meM hai, usI taraha usI santAna meM hone ke kAraNa upadeza ke pUrvakAla meM jo upAdhyAya kI buddhi thI, usakA smaraNa ziSya kara hI legaa| isa taraha upadeza ke pahale kI avyApaka buddhi do santAne utpanna karatI haiM-upadeza ke bAda kI upAdhyAya-buddhi tathA upadeza ke bAda kI ziSya-buddhi / ataH adhyApaka kA anubhava ziSya smaraNa karegA / donoM meM kArya-kAraNa kA sambandha hai hii| phira atiprasaMga rukA kahA~ ? eka ke kiye anubhava yA kArya kA smaraNa athavA phala to dUsare ne le hI liyA / yahI to atiprasaMga hai| kArya-kAraNa-bhAva mAnane para bhI atiprasaMga kA kucha nahIM bigar3egA / kSaNikavAda siddhAnta hI aisA hai, jinameM atiprasaMga hotA hI hai| tathA ca kRtapraNAzAkRtAbhyAgamaprasaGgaH / taduktaM siddhasenavAkyakAreNa4. kRtapraNAzAkRtakarmabhogabhavapramokSasmRtibhaGgadoSAn / upekSya sAkSAtkSaNabhaGgamicchannaho mahAsAhasikaH paro'sau // (vo0 stu0 18) iti / isI prakAra kiye gaye karma kA nAza tathA nahIM kiye gaye karma kI phala prApti kA prasaMga ho jaaygaa| [ uparyukta udAharaNa meM upAdhyAya ke kiye gaye karma kA phala upAdhyAya ko nahIM milatA, yaha karma-praNAza huA / dUsarI ora, ziSya ko, jisane karma bhI nahIM kiyA, kevala upAdhyAya se kSaNika samparka mAtra kiyA, phala bhoganA par3atA hai| ise siddhasena ke [ siddhAntoM ke ] vArtikakAra ne yoM likhA hai-(1) kiye gaye karma kA nAza, (2) nahIM kiye hue karma kA phala bhoganA, ( 3 ) saMsAra kA vinAza, (4) mokSa kA vinAza tathA (5) smaraNazakti kA bhaMga ho jAnA-ina doSoM kI sAkSAt upekSA karake jo kSaNikavAda ko mAnane kI icchA karatA hai, vaha vipakSI vAstava meM bar3A sAhasI hai !' [ hemacandra likhita vItarAgastuti nAma ke grantha meM yaha zloka hai / isa grantha kI TIkA kA hI nAma syAdvAdamaMjarI hai|] vizeSa--bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda kA khaNDana kumArila ne zlokavArtika (pR0 217-23 ) meM, zaMkarAcArya ne brahmasUtra 2 / 2 / 18 ke bhASya meM, jayantabhaTTa ne nyAyamaMjarI ( bhAga 2, pR0 16-39) meM tathA malliSeNa ne syAdvAdamaMjarI (pR0 122-26 ) meM kiyA hai| ye sabhI uparyukta pAMcoM tarkoM kA Azraya lete haiN| (1) kRtapraNAza-vastuoM ke kSaNika hone ke kAraNa koI bhI vastu binA phala kA utpAdana kiye hI bhUtakAla ke garbha meM vilIna ho jAtI hai| jo kAma karanevAlA vyakti hai, use phala nahIM milatA, kyoMki phala milane ke samaya taka to kArya rahA hI nahIM aura na vaha vyakti hI rahA, jisase kAma kiyA gyaa| kSaNa-kSaNa meM cIjeM badalatI jA rahI haiN| ise hI 'kutapraNAza' yA 'kiye gaye

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98 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe karma kA nAza' kahate haiM / (2) akRtakarmabhoga-dUsarI ora phala kA bhoga use karanA par3egA, jisane kAma nahIM kiyA; dUsare ke dvArA kAma kiyA gayA thA, phira bhI kSaNikavAda ne use phalabhoga karane ko bAdhya hI kara diyaa| devadatta kRta-karma kA phala bhogatA hai. yajJadatta? isa prakAra dUsarA doSa bhI isa vAda meM hai| (3) bhavabhaMga-isakA artha hai, saMsAra kA vinAza / saMsAra meM prANiyoM kA janma isalie hotA hai ki ve apane pUrvajanma meM kiye hae karma kA phala bhoga leN| isI se saMsAra calatA hai, kintu jaba sattA kSaNika hai, taba prANiyoM meM apane karmaphala ko bhogane ke prati uttaradAyitva rahegA hI nahIM, phira ve kyoM janma leNge| dUsare ke karma kA phala to dUsarA bhoga hI legaa| jo prANI gayA, so gyaa| isa prakAra saMsAra kI utpatti asambhava hai| (4) mokSabhaMga-mokSa use kahate haiM, jisameM prANI karmaphala ke bandhana se mukta hokara phira janma na le / bauddha loga AtmA ko kSaNika mAnate haiM, to mRtyu ke bAda sukhI hone ke lie prayatnavAna kauna hogA ? AtmA kI koI santAna yA paramparA bhI vAstava meM nahIM calatI / yadi vAstava meM ho bhI to kSaNikavAda siddhAnta ko bAdhA phuNcegii| aSTAMgamArga Adi jo mokSa ke sAdhana bauddhoM ke sammata haiM, ve karmaphala ke kSaNika hone ke kAraNa svayaM kSaNaka haiM---unase mokSa pAnA bilkula asambhava hai| ataeva mokSa ke siddhAnta kI hAni hotI hai| ( 5 ) smRtibhaMga-anubhava karanevAle vyakti kA turaMta vinAza ho jAtA hai, isalie smRti ( Memory ) nAma kI koI cIja nahIM rhtii| sabhI loga jarate haiM ki anubhava karanevAlA aura smaraNa karanevAlA vyakti eka hI hai, lekina kSaNikavAda ke anusAra ye do vyakti haiM / bhale hI ye usI santAna meM hoM, para haiM do vyakti--isameM sandeha nhiiN| isI taraha pratyabhijJA ( Recognition ) bhI asiddha ho jAtI haiN| koI kisI ko pUrvAnubhava ke AdhAra para pahacAna nahIM sktaa| isIlie bauddhoM ko ye mahAmAhasika kahate haiM / sAhasika = sahasA vinA vicAre hue kAma krnevaalaa| jayana bhaTTa ne kSaNikAdi vAsanAoM meM vauddhoM kA dambha mAnA hai--- nAstyAtmA phalabhogamAtramatha ca svargAya caityArcanaM, saMskArAH maNikA yugasthitibhRtazcaite vihArAH kRtAH / sarvam zUnyamidaM vasUni guruve dehIti cAdizyate, vauddhAnAM caritaM kimanyadiyato dambhasya bhUmiH parA // (nyAyamaJjarI, pR0 39) eka ora bauddha loga mAnate haiM ki AmA kI sattA nahIM kevala phala kA bhoga mAtra hotA hai, dUsarI ora svarga kI prApti ke lie caitya ( pavitra mandira aura mUrti ) kI arcanA bhI karate haiM / sabhI saMskAra kSaNika haiM, aura dUsarI ora yugoM taka sthita rahanevAle vihAroM kA ( maThoM kA ) nirmANa ho rahA hai| eka ora 'saba kucha zUnya hai' kA udghoSa cala rahA

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99 Aheta-darzanam hai, dUsarI ora guru ko dhana dene kA Adeza bhI mila rahA hai| isase adhika bauddhoM kA caritra aura kyA hogA ? vaha to DhoMga kI parAkA-ThA hai| vyavahAra kyA hai aura siddhAnta kyA? (5. kSaNikatva-pakSa meM grAhya-grAhaka-bhAva na honA ) kiM ca kSaNikatva-pakSe jJAnakAle jJeyasyAsattvena, jJeyakAle jJAnasyAsattvena ca grAhya grAhakabhAvAnupapattI sakalalokayAtrAstamiyAt / na ca samasamayalitA zakunIyA / svyetrvissaannvtkaarykaarnnbhaavaasmbhvenaagraahysyaalmbnprtyytvaanuppttH| ___ isake alAve, yadi kSaNikavAda ko mAnate haiM, to jJAna ke samaya jJaya padArtha kI sattA nahIM rahegI, usI prakAra jJaya-padArtha ke samaya jJAna kI sattA nahIM rhegii| (jJeya padArtha kAraNa hai aura jJAna kArya hai| pahale jJeya hogA taba jJAna, donoM eka sAtha raheMge hI nahIM, kyoMki ve pUrvApara ke krama se hote haiM / ) isalie grAhya aura grAhaka ke sambandha ko siddhi nahIM hogI aura saMsAra ke sAre kAma asta ho jaayeNge| [na to koI grAhaka rahegA aura na koI grAhya-kyoMki sabhI padArtha kSaNa-kSaNa meM badalate jA rahe haiM / ] Apa yaha bhI nahIM soca sakate ki donoM ( grAhya-grAhaka ) eka hI samaya meM rheNge| aisA hone se (= grAhya aura grAhaka ko samasAmayika mAna lene para ), bAyIM aura dAyIM sIMga kI taraha, unameM kArya-kAraNa bhAva ( Causal relation ) nahIM ho sakatA aura isIlie jo vastu grAhya nahIM hai (= agrAhya hai ), use Alambana-pratyaya (viSaya Object) ke rUpa meM nahIM liyA jA sktaa| vizeSa-abhiprAya yaha hai ki jisa prakAra donoM sIMgeM eka-dUsare kA kAraNa kArya nahIM, usI prakAra samakAlika ho jAne para grAhya-grAhaka meM bhI kArya-kAraNa nahIM ho sakegA / Alambana' eka prakAra kA pratyaya ( kAraNa ) hai, jise sautrAntika mata kI prastAvanA meM hameM hama spATa kara cuke haiM (pR0 75 ) / Alambana vAstava meM 'nIla', 'ghaTa', "paTa' Adi viSayoM ko kahate haiM-tatra jJAnapadavedanIyasya nIlAdyavabhAsasya cittasya nIlAdAlambanapratyayAnnIlAkAratA bhavati / Alambana-pratyaya kevala grAhya kA ho sakatA hai| jisameM kAryakAraNa-bhAva ho sake vahI grAhya hai| yahA~ para yadi grAhya-grAhaka yA jJeya-jJAna ko samasAmayika mAna leMge to kArya-kAraNa bhAva rahegA hI nahIM aura usa avasthA meM ye agrAhya ho jAyeMge / phalataH Alambana-pratyaya ye nahIM hoMge / isa prakAra apane hI astra se apanA siddhAnta khaNDita hogaa| kAvela prastAvita karate haiM ki 'agrAhyasya' ke sthAna meM 'grAhyasya' rakhA jAya aura ve vasA hI karate haiM / yaha bhI ThIka hai grAhya hI viSaya hai, usakA Alambana nahIM hogaa| ,

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100 sarvavasanabAhe (6. jJAna kA sAkAra honA aura roba ) atha bhinnakAlasyApi tasyAkArApakatvena grAhyatvam-tadapyapezalam / kSaNikasya jJAnasyAkArArpakatAzrayatAyA durvacatvena saakaarjnyaanvaadprtyaadeshaat| nirAkArajJAnavAde'pi yogyatAvazena pratikarmavyavasthAyAH sthitatvAt / tathA hi pratyakSeNa viSayAkArarahitameva jJAnaM pratipuruSamahamahamikayA ghaTAdigrAhakamanubhUyate, na tu darpaNAdivatpratibimbAkAntam / ____ aba yadi kahA jAya ki [ vastu jJAna se ] bhinna kAla meM bhI ho to bhI apane AkAra kI chApa usa para de dene ke kAraNa grAhya ( Perceptible ) hI rahegI, yaha kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai / ( Azaya yaha hai ki ghaTa, paTa Adi viSaya yadyapi kSaNika haiM tathApi naSTa hone ke pUrva apane AkAra ke sadRza AkAra chor3a jAte haiM / isalie jJAna ke kSaNa meM vastu kI sattA na hone para bhI vastu jJAnagrAhya kahalAtI hai| AkAra kI chApa chor3anA hI grAhya honA hai| isa prakAra kSaNikavAda ke pakSa meM tarka dekara use siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / aba jena isakA khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM ki yaha tarka ThIka nahIM / ) isakA kAraNa yaha hai-kSaNika padArtha ( jaise ghaTa, paTAdi), jJAna para apane AkAra kI chApa chor3egA, isakA Azraya lenA (= yaha kahanA ) hI asambhava hai aura isalie 'jJAna sAkAra hai' isa siddhAnta ( vAda ) kA hI khaNDana ho jAyagA [ ghaTAdi viSaya kSaNika haiM / ye jJAna para apanI chApa chor3ate haiN| jaba pUrvakSaNa meM vidyamAna, AkAra kI chApa chor3anevAlA viSaya sthita hai to AkAra kI chApa grahaNa karanevAlA, uttarakSaNika jJAna hI nahIM hai| jaba AkAra grAhaka uttara kSaNavAlA jJAna hai, taba pUrvakSaNika AkAra samarpaka jJeya ( viSaya ) hI nahIM rhtaa| isa prakAra yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki koI kisI ko apanA AkAra detA hai yA koI AkAra grahaNa karatA hai| isalie AkAra jJAna kA siddhAnta bauddhoM ke mata se khaNDita ho jAtA hai / bauddhoM ke anusAra jJAnakI sAkAratA siddha hI nahIM ho sktii|] ___ jJAna ko nirAkAra mAnane kA siddhAnta rakhane para bhI [ avyavasthA haTAne ke lie ] yogyatA ke anukUla sabhI viSayoM kI vyavasthA mAnanI hI pdd'egii| [ nirAkAra jJAna mAnane meM eka bar3A doSa yaha hotA hai ki sabhI prakAra ke jJAna-cAkSuSa, spArzana, rAsana, zrAvaNa Adi-eka samAna ho jAte haiM aura cAkSuSa kA viSaya rUpa hai, spArzana, kA sparza, rAsana kA rasa, zrAvaNa kA zabda ityAdi niyata viSayoM kI vyavasthA nahIM ho sakatI hai| isalie vizRGkhalatA dUra karane ke lie niyAmaka ( Controller ) ke rUpa meM yogyatA' ko zaraNa lenI par3atI hai| yogyatA ke hI kAraNa rasanendriya se utpanna jJAna rasa kA grAhaka hotA hai-aisI vyavasthA saMbhava hai / jJAna ko sAkAra mAnane para bhI cakSurindriya se utpanna zAna rUpa kA AkAra grahaNa karatA hai aisI vyavasthA hotI hai|]

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mAhata-parzanam 101 [ aba nirAkAra jJAna ke siddhAnta meM pratyakSa anubhava dete haiM-] jaise, pratyakSa ke dvArA viSaya aura AkAra se rahita [ bhAvAtmaka Abstract ] jJAna, jo ghaTAdi kA grAhaka hai, pratyeka vyakti ko vyaktigata rUpa se ( ahamahamakA se ) anubhUta hotA hai, darpaNAdi ke samAna yaha jJAna kevala pratibimba (parachAI) grahaNa nahIM krtaa| ( samasyA yaha hai ki Upara kahe gaye tathyoM ke anusAra, vastu.jJAna ko apane AkAra kA yadi samarpaNa kara detA hai to darpaNa kI hI taraha vastu kA pratibimba jJAna le letA hogA tathA usake dvArA Antara pratyakSa se anubhUta hotA hogA / kintu Antara pratyakSa kevala sukha, duHkha, icchAdi Antara bhAvoM ke hI lie surakSita hai na ki bAhya viSayoM-ghaTa, paTAdi ke pratyakSIkaraNa ke lie| inakA jJAta to bAhya pratyakSa se hotA hai / ghaTAdi kA grAhaka jJAna ( 'maiM ghaTa dekhatA hai ) pratyeka vyakti ko viSaya aura AkAra se pRthak rUpa meM hI hotA hai isalie jJAna kI nirAkAratA hI siddha hotI hai|) viSayAkAraghAritve ca jJAnasyArthe dUranikaTAdivyavahArAya jalAJjalivitIryeta / na cedamiSTApAdAnameSTavyam / davIyAnmahIdharo nedoyAndI? bAhuriti vyavahArasya nirAbAdhaM jAgarUkatvAt / na cAkArAdhAyakasya tasya davIyastvAdizAlitayA tathAH vyavahAra iti kathanIyam / darpaNAdau tathAnupalambhAt / [sAkAra jJAnavAda meM dUsarA doSa-] yadi jJAna kA prayojana viSaya ke AkAra ko dhAraNa kara lenA bhara hai to isameM dUra, nikaTa Adi vyavahAra ke zabdoM ko tilAMjali de dI jAyagI ( chor3a denA par3egA ) / [ dUra, nikaTa Adi zabdoM kA sambandha jJAtA ke sAtha hai, na ki jJAna ke sAtha / abhyaMkarajI ke zabdoM meM chAyAcitra lenevAle darpaNa meM bar3e-bar3e pahADa. choTe darpaNa meM Ane yogya apane hI sadRza choTe AkAra ke dvArA praveza karate haiM, usI prakAra sAkAra jJAnavAdI bauddhoM ke mata se parvatAdi ke pratyakSa jJAna ke samaya bar3A hone para bhI ye pahAr3a, jJAnamaya citta meM Ane ke yogya AkAroM ko dhAraNa karake usameM praveza karate haiN| to, jJAnamaya citta meM praviSTa choTe parvatAdi hI viSayIbhUta artha haiM, na ki usa prakAra ke AkAra ko samarpita karanevAle, bAhya-jagata meM vidyamAna bar3e-bar3e phaadd'| isalie viSaya bane hue padArtha dUra meM, najadIka meM yA bar3e haiM isa taraha ke vyavahAroM kI asiddhi ho jaaygii| ] isa iSTa vastu ke pratipAdana ko khojane kI jarUrata bhI nahIM hai / yaha pahAr3a kucha adhika dUra ( Further ) hai, 'yaha bar3I bA~ha najadIka ( Nearer ) hai-aisA vyavahAra binA roka-Toka ke sadA calatA rahatA hai| [ jaba dUra aura nikaTa ke vyavahAra calate haiM aura unheM jJAnamaya citta meM (jJAna ko sAkAra mAnakara ) siddha karanA kaThina hai taba to yaha 'viSama upanyAsa' ho jAyagA aura donoM meM se kisI eka ko haTAnA pdd'egaa| vyavahAra ko roka nahIM sakate, rukegA to sAkAra jJAnavAda hI / ataeva vaha doSapUrNa hai| ]

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102 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe uttara meM Apa yaha nahIM kaha sakate ki AkAra ko samarpaNa karanevAle usa (parvatAdi) meM hI dUratvAdi guNa haiM aura isIlie aisA vyavahAra hotA hai ( arthAt cUMki parvata dUratva se viziSTa hai isalie jJAna ke dvArA usa AkAra meM grahaNa hone para dUratva anumAna se hI usa vyavahAra kA saMcAlana hotA hai| yaha bauddhoM kA uttara hai, jo ThIka nahIM ) kyoMki darpaNa Adi meM aisI bAteM nahIM pAyI jaatiiN| ( darpaNa meM dUra kI vastuoM kA AkAra dUra para grahaNa nahIM hotA, sabhI vastuoM kA AkAra alpa hI hotA hai jitanA darpaNa meM A sake / isalie sAkAra jJAnavAda meM kisI prakAra dUratvAdi kA anumAna nahIM ho sakatA / ) ki cArthAdupajAyamAnaM jJAnaM yathA tasya nolAkAratAmanukaroti tathA yadi jaDatAmapi, tahi arthavattadapi jaDaM syAt / tathA ca vRddhimiSTavato mUlamapi te naSTaM syAditi mahatkaSTamApannam / ___ athaitaddoSaparijihIrSayA jJAnaM jaDatAM nAnukaroti-iti brUSaM, hanta, tahi tasyA grahaNaM na syAdityekamanusaMdhisato'paraM pracyavata iti nyAyApAtaH / isake alAve bho [ doSa hogA ki ] vastuoM se utpanna jJAna jisa prakAra usa vastu ( udAharaNa ke lie nIla yA ghaTa ko leM) ke AkAra ko grahaNa karatA hai, usI prakAra yadi [ padArtha ke ] jar3atva ko bhI grahaNa kara le taba to artha ( vastu) kI hI taraha vaha ( jJAna ) bhI jar3a hI ho jAyagA ( aura aisI dazA meM jJAna ke svarUpa kI hI hAni ho jAyagI / jar3a kA artha hai prakAzarUpa na honaa| jJAna kA artha hai svaprakAzaka aura paraprakAzaka honA / yadi jJAna jar3a ho jAya taba to ghaTa kA AkAra prakAzita karanA to dUra rahA, apane svarUpa kA bhI prakAzana usase na ho sakegA ] / isa prakAra, jahA~ Apa vRddhi ko cAha kara rahe the, ApakA mUla bhI naSTa ho gayA-isa taraha bar3A bhArI kaSTa A gyaa| ( koI vyAja kI icchA se dUsare ko dravya de, kintu byAja to dUra, mala bhI naSTa ho jAyagA / caube gaye chabbe hone-dUbe banakara Aye / ) aba yadi isa doSa se bacane kI kAmanA se kaheM kI jJAna jar3atA kA grahaNa nahIM karatA, taba aura majA hai ! usa ( jar3atA ) kA grahaNa nahIM hogA aura vaisI dazA ho jAyagI ki eka vastu kA anusaMdhAna karate-karate dUsarI vastu bhI bhUla jAya / ( ghaTAdi kA jJAna kyA hogA, ghaTa jar3a hai-yahI jJAna nahIM hogaa|) nanu mA bhUjjaDatAyA grahaNam / ki nazchinnam ? tavagrahaNe'pi nIlAkAragrahaNe tayorbhedo'nekAnto vA bhavet / nIlAkAragrahaNe cAgRhItA jaDatA kathaM tasya svarUpaM syAt ? aparathA gRhItasya stambhasyAgRhItaM trailokyamapi rUpaM bhavet / tadetat prameyajAtaM prabhAcandraprabhRtibhirahanmatAnusAribhiH prameyakamalamArtaNDAdau prabandhe prapaJcitamiti granthabhUyastvabhayAnopanyastam /

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103 Aheta-parsanam acchI bAta hai, jar3atA kA hI grahaNa nahIM hogA, hamArI kyA hAni hai ? [ uttara yaha hai ki ] jar3atA kA grahaNa na hone para bhI, jaba nIla ( yA ghaTa ) ke AkAra kA grahaNa hotA hai usa samaya donoM meM ( jar3atA aura padArtha meM ) bheda hotA hai (jaisA ki ghaTa aura paTa meM hai (jisake calate ve dhUma aura agni kI taraha kabhI-kabhI hI-vyabhicarita hokaramilate haiN| ) [ Azaya yaha hai ki ghaTAkAra aura jar3atA meM yA to bheda hogA yA vyabhicAra sambandha hogA / 'ghaTa jar3a hai' aisA kahane para bhI jar3a aura ghaTa bhinna haiM, isameM koI vizvAsa nahIM kregaa| ataH jar3atA ghaTa kA svarUpa hI hai| phira bhI yadi ghaTa grahaNa hone para bhI jar3atA kA grahaNa nahIM ho, to ve donoM bhinna haiM, aisA sandeha ho jAyagA aura abheda kA nizcaya bhI nahIM hogaa|] nIlAkAra kA grahaNa ho jAne para bhI jisa jar3atA kA grahaNa hotA hai vaha usakA svarUpa kaise hogA ? anyathA ( adi agRhIta guNa bhI gRhIta vastu kA svarUpa ho, taba-) gRhIta stambha kA rUpa agRhIta trailokya hI ho jAyagA / [ yadi Apa kahate haiM ki avayava na bhI dekhA jAya aura avayavI dekhA jAya, koI hAni nahIM, to maiM kahatA hU~ ki trailokya avayava hai aura khambhA avayavI / ] ina sabhI viSayoM kA pratipAdana prabhAcandra ityAdi arhat ( jaina ) mata ko mAnanevAle vidvAnoM ke dvArA prameyakamalamArtaNDa ityAdi granthoM meM huA hai isalie grantha bar3A ho jAne ke bhaya se yahA~ nahIM de rahe haiN| vizeSa-mAdhavAcArya kI yaha svAbhAvokti hai--grantha bar3ha jAne ke bhaya se aba virAma kreN| kaI jagaha aisA prayoga hai| jaina granthakAroM meM prabhAcandra bahuta se hue haiM / prameyakamalamArtaNDa ke racayitA prabhAcandra 825. I0 meM vidyamAna the| vidyAnandI (800 I0 ) ne AptaparIkSA nAmaka grantha likhA jisako TIkA mANikyanandI ( 800 I0 ) ne parIkSAmukha nAma se kI / prameyakamalamArtaNDa isI parIkSAmukha kI TIkA hai| (7. arhat-mata kI sugamatA, arhat kA svarUpa ) tasmAtpuruSArthAbhilASukaH puruSaH saugatI gatirnAnugantavyA, api tu Ahato evaarhnniiyaa| arhatsvarUpaM ca hemacandrasUribhirAptanizcayAlaGkAre niraTaGki 5. sarvajJo jitarAgAdidoSastrailokyapUjitaH / yathAsthitArthavAdI ca devo'rhanparamezvaraH // iti / isalie puruSArtha ( mokSa ) kI icchA karanevAle logoM ko buddha kI paddhati kA anugamana nahIM karanA cAhie, balki arhat (jina ) kI saraNi kA pUjana karanA cAhie / ahaMta ( jainoM ke Izvara ) kA svarUpa hemacandra sUri ne apane AptanizcayAlaMkAra nAmaka graMtha meM isa prakAra diyA hai-'jo saba kucha jAnatA ho, gaga ( Asakti ) Adi

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104 sarvadarzanataMbahedoSoM ko jIta cukA ho, tIna lokoM meM pUjita ho, vastue~ jaisI haiM unheM vaisI hI kahatA ho, vahI paramezvara arhat deva hai| vizeSa-hemacandra (1088-1172 I0) apane samaya ke sabase bar3e vidvAna the jinhoMne kAvya, vyAkaraNa, darzana Adi aneka zAstroM meM grantha-racanA kI / pramANamomAMsA tathA zabdAnuzAsana inake suprasiddha grantha haiM / sarvAMgINa pratibhA ke kAraNa hI inheM 'kalikAlasarvajJa' upAdhi milI thii| (8. arhat ke viSaya meM virodhiyoM ko zaMkA ) nanu na kazcitpuruSavizeSaH sarvajJapadavedanIyaH pramANapaddhatimadhyAste / tatsadbhAvagrAhakasya pramANapaJcakasya tatrAnupalambhAt / tathA coktaM tautAtitaH 6. sarvajJo dRzyate tAvannedAnImasmadAdibhiH / __ dRSTo na caikadezo'sti liGga vA yo'numApayet // 7. na cAgamavidhiH kshcinnitysrvjnybodhkH| na ca tatrArthavAdAnAM tAtparyamapi kalpyate // koI zaMkA kara sakatA hai koI vizeSa puruSa, 'sarvajJa' zabda ke dvArA bodhanIya nahIM hai jo pramANa kI padavI pA sakatA hai| usa ( arhat, sarvajJa ) kI sattA ko siddha karanevAle pAMcoM pramANoM kI prApti vahA~ nahIM hai / ( pAMca pramANa = pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna, zabda aura arthApatti / inameM kisI se arhat kI siddhi nahIM hotii| ) jaisA ki tautAtita ( kumArilabhaTTa )' ne kahA hai (6) ka. pratyakSa-pramANa se asiddhi-'isa samaya sarvajJa ( Izvara ) hamalogoM ko dikhalAI nahIM pdd'taa|' kha. anumAna-pramANa se asiddhi-aura na usa ( sarvajJa ) kA koI bhAga hI dikhalAI par3atA ki liMga ( hetu Middle term ) banakara vaha sarvajJa ke anumAna meM sahAyatA kare / ' ___7. zabda-pramANa se asiddhi-'na to Agama ( veda-zabda ) kI koI vidhi ( AjJA ) hI aisI hai jisase nitya aura sarvajJa ( arhat ) kA bodha ho| arthavAda-vAkyoM kA bhI tAtparya ( artha ) yahA~ para nahIM lgtaa|' 1. tautAtita =abhyaMkara ne isakA artha 'bauddha' diyA hai jaba ki kaoNvela kumArila bhaTTa kA ise paryAya samajhate haiN| Age diye gaye zloka vAstava meM kumArila ke haiM jo jainoM ke virodha meM kahe gaye haiN| isake alAve pramANapaJcaka kI svIkRti (prabhAkara mata ke anusAra ) tathA vidhi arthavAda kA ullekha batalAtA hai ki zaMkA mImAMsakoM kI ora se hai, bauddhoM se nhiiN|

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AhatamAnam 105 vizeSa-mImAMsaka loga zabda-pramANa ke antargata vedoM kA grahaNa karate haiM jo nitya aura apauruSeya haiN| veda ke viSayoM ke inake anusAra pAMca bheda haiM :-(1) vidhiajJAta jJApaka vAkya jo preraNA pradAna kare jaise 'svargakAmo yjet'| isake bhI cAra bheda haiM-karma ke svarUpamAtra ko batalAnevAlI utpatti-vidhi, aMga aura pradhAna anuSThAna kA sambandha batAnevAlI viniyoga-vidhi, karma se utpanna phala kA svAmitva batalAnevAlI adhikAra-vidhi tathA prayoga kI zoghratA kA bodhaka prayoga-vidhi / vidhi para mImAMsA-darzana bahuta jora detA hai aura vidhyartha ke nirNaya ke lie zruti liMga, vAkya, prakaraNa, sthAna tathA samAkhyA nAmaka chaha pramANa bhI svIkRta haiN| (2) mantra-anuSThAna ke arthoM kA smaraNa dilAnevAle vAkya / ( 3) nAmadheya-yajJoM ke nAma / ( 4 ) niSedha-anucita kAryoM se haTAnevAle vAkya / (5) arthavAda-lakSaNA ke dvArA stuti yA nindAparaka vAkyoM kA kapana, jaise-'agnihimasya bheSajam' yahA~ agni ko himanAzaka kahA gayA hai; agni auSadhi nahIM hai / isake bhI tIna bheda haiM-guNavAda, anuvAda, bhUtArthavAda / kahA gayA hai virodhe guNavAdaH syaadnuvaado'vdhaarite| bhUtArthavAdastaddhAnAvarthavAdastridhA mataH // isake vizeSa vivecana ke lie arthasaMgraha, mImAMsAnyAyaprakAza yA mImAMsA-paribhASA dekheN| sAyaNa ne apane RgvedabhASya kI bhUmikA meM bhI vidhi aura arthavAda kA sundara vivecana kiyA hai| vahAM brAhmaNa-bhAga ke do bheda haiM-vidhi aura arthavAda / donoM eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiM / arthavAda vAkyoM se kisI vidhi kI ora pravRtti hotI hai| mImAMsakoM ke do bheda haiM-bhATTa-mata (kumArila bhaTTa kA sampradAya ) tathA gurumata (prabhAkara guru kA sampradAya ) / donoM vidvAnoM ne mIsAMsA-sUtroM para likhe gaye zabara-bhASya kI TIkAeM kIM / anya bhedoM ke alAve donoM meM eka yaha bhI bheda hai ki kumArila chaha pramANa mAnate haiM-pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna, zabda, arthApatti aura anupalabdhi ( abhAva ) jaba ki prabhAkara abhAva ko pramANa nahIM mAnate / jJAta hotA hai ki kumArila ke hI anusAra pramANoM ko lekara 'abhAva' ko vivAdagrasta jAnakara ise chor3a diyA gayA hai aura pA~ca pramANoM se bhI kAma calA liyA gayA hai / syAdvAdaratnAkara aura prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM antima zloka kA pATha yoM hai na ca maMtrArthavAdAnAM tAtparyamavakalpate / isake bAda mImAMsakoM ke anusAra zabdAdi pramANoM se arhat kI asiddhi dikhalAI jaaygii| 8. na cAnyArthapradhAnastastadastitvaM vidhIyate / na cAnuvadituM zakyaH pUrvamanyarabodhitaH // 9. anAderAgamasyArtho na ca sarvajJa AdimAn / kRtrimeNa svasatyena sa kathaM pratipAdyate ? //

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106 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe 10. atha tadvacanenaiva sarvajJo'jJaiH pratIyate / prakalpyeta kathaM siddhiranyonyAzrayayostayoH // (8) 'dUsare tAtparyavAle arthavAda vAkyoM se bhI usakI sattA nahIM siddha hotI / cU~ki pahale kisI ne nahIM kahA isalie isakA anuvAda ( punaH kathana ) bhI nahIM ho sakatA / ' ( anuvAda kisI nizcita ukti ko kahate haiM jo puna: kahI gayI ho / 'anuvAdo'vadhArite / ' ) ( 9 ) 'sarvajJa' ( jainiyoM kA Izvara ) sAdi -Adi se yukta hai, vaha anAdi Agama kA viSaya nahIM ho sakatA / [ veda anAdi hai, usameM sAdi sarvajJa kA varNana milanA asambhava hai; dUsarI ora yadi Agama ( veda ) ko sAdi mAna leM to vaha kRtrima (Artificial, human-made ) ho jAyagA aura asatya viSayoM kA pratipAdana karane lagegA | ] to kRtrima tathA asatya viSayoM ke dvArA usa ( sarvajJa ) kA pratipAdana kaise ho sakatA hai ? - (10) 'aba yadi isa ( sarvajJa muni ) ke vacana se hI sarvajJa kA jJAna ( pratIti ) loga ( mUrkha loga ) kareM to una donoM kI hI siddhi kaise ho sakatI hai, kyoMki ve ekadUsare para Azrita haiM ? ( isalie anyonyAzraya - doSa utpanna ho jAyagA isakI vyAkhyA Age kI jA rahI hai 1 ) / 11. sarvajJoktatayA vAkyaM satyaM tena tadastitA / kathaM tadubhayaM sidhyetsiddhamUlAntarAdRte // 12. asarvajJapraNItAttu vacanAnmUlavajitAt / sarvajJamavagacchantaH svavAkyAtki na jAnate ? // 13. sarvajJasadRzaM kazvidyadi pazyema samprati / upamAnena sarvajJaM jAnIyAma tato vayam 14. upadezo'pi buddhasya dharmAdharmAdigocaraH / anyathA nopapadyeta sArvajJyaM yadi nAbhavat // 15. evamarthApattirapi pramANaM nAtra yujyate / upadezasya satyatvaM yato nAdhyakSamIkSyate / / ityAdi || ( 11 ) [ Apa kahate haiM ki ] sarvajJa ke dvArA kahe jAne ke kAraNa vAkya satya haiM aura isI se unakA astitva siddha hotA hai, [ to uttara hai ki ] donoM ( sarvajJa aura unake vAkya ) kI siddhi hI kaise hogI jabaki siddha kiyA huA mUla hI nahIM hai / ( hI jaba sattA nahIM to unake vAkya kahA~ se siddha hoMge ? ) ( 12 ) ' sarvajJa se bhinna kisI vyakti ke dvArA kahe gaye, mUlahIna vacana se, yadi sarvajJa kA jJAna loga karate haiM to apane hI vAkya se kyoM nahIM jAna lete ? ( sAmAnya jainalekhakoM kI bAta para vizvAsa karake sarvajJa ko jAnane se acchA hai apane hI mana se kapolakalpanA karake unheM jAnanA / ) : sarvajJa kI =

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Aheta-darzanam 107 ( 13 ) upamAna-pramANa se asiddhi-'sarvajJa ke samAna yadi kisI vyakti ko hama isa samaya dekheM tabhI to upamAna-pramANa ke dvArA unheM jAna sakate haiM ? (14) arthApatti-pramANa se asiddhi-'buddha ( yA jina ) kA upadeza, jo dharmaadharmAdi kA bodhaka hai, dUsarI taraha se siddha nahIM ho sakatA yadi unheM sarvajJa nahIM mAnate / (15) 'isa prakAra kI arthApatti bhI pramANa ke rUpa meM yahA~ ThIka nahIM baiThatI kyoMki upadeza kI satyatA hI adhyakSa ( Controlier ) ke rUpa meM nahIM dekhI jaatii|'' vizeSa-kumArila bhaTTa yahA~ para siddha karanA cAhate haiM ki arthApatti ke dvArA bhI sarvajJa kI siddhi nahIM ho sktii| jaina kahate haiM ki yadi arhat sarvajJa nahIM hote to unake vacana satya aura Apta nahIM hote / kintu vacana cUMki satya aura Apta haiM, isalie ve arhat sarvajJa haiN| yaha tarka buddha ke viSaya meM diyA gayA hai kintu jaina loga unhIM kI oTa meM apanA matalaba sAdhate haiN| lekina jisa hetu ko lekara yaha arthApatti hotI hai ( arthAt 'vacana satya haiM' ), vahI galata hai| ataeva arthApatti ke dvArA bhI sarvajJa kI sattA siddha nahIM hotii| ___ abhAva pramANa na dene kA kAraNa yaha hai ki yaha pramANa abhAvAtmaka ( Negative) hai, jisakI AvazyakatA hI nhiiN| isa prakAra bhATTa-mImAMsA ke chahoM pramANoM se sarvajJa kI kI siddhi nahIM hotii| ( 9. ahaMta para mImAMsakoM ko zaGkA kA samAdhAna ) atra pratividhIyate / yadabhyadhAyi 'tatsadbhAvagrAhakasya pramANapaJcakasya tatrAnupalambhAt' iti tadayuktam / tatsadbhAvAvedakasyAnumAnAdeH sadbhAvAt / tathA hi kazcidAtmA sakalapadAthasAkSAtkArI, tadgrahaNasvabhAvatve sati prakSINapratibandhapratyayatvAt / yadyagrahaNasvabhAvatve sati prakSINapratibandhapratyayaM, tattatsAkSAtkAri; yathA-apagatatimirAdipratibandha locanavijJAnaM ruupsaakssaatkaari| aba isakA uttara diyA jAtA hai--Apane jo yaha kahA ki 'usakI sattA ko siddha karanevAle pA~coM pramANoM meM koI vahA~ prApta nahIM hai' yaha ThIka nhiiN| kAraNa yaha hai ki usa ( sarvajJa ) kI sattA siddha karanevAle anumAna Adi kI sattA vAstava meM hai| spaSTIkaraNa-koI AtmA ( = ahaMta, sarvajJa muni ) sabhI padArthoM kA sAkSAtkAra kara sakatI hai yadi, sabhI padArthoM ko grahaNa karane kA isakA svabhAva hone para, isa prakAra ke 1. tulanA kareM buddhAdayo hyavedajJAsteSAM vedAdasaMbhavaH / upadezaH kRto'tastaiArmohAdeva kevalAt / /

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108 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe jJAna ko rokanevAle tatva naSTa ho jaayN| kisI ( vyakti ) meM jisa ( vastu ) ko grahaNa karane kA svabhAva ( yogyatA ) hai, jJAna ke pratibandhaka pratyayoM ke naSTa ho jAne para, vaha ( vyakti ) usa ( vastu ) kA sAkSAtkAra karegA hI / udAharaNa ke lie, timira ( andhakAra ) Adi rukAvaToM ke naSTa ho jAne para, dRSTi-vijJAna ( indriya ) rUpa kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai| tadagrahaNasvabhAvatve sati prakSINapratibandhapratyayazca kazcidAtmA / tasmAtsakalapadArthasAkSAtkAroti / na tAvadazeSArthagrahaNasvabhAvatvamAtmano'siddham / sabhI padArthoM ko grahaNa karane kA svabhAva usameM hai tathA usakA pratibandha DAlanevAle pratyaya naSTa ho cuke haiM, isalie eka AtmA aisI ( sarvajJa ke rUpa meM ) hai| isalie sabhI padArthoM kA sAkSAtkAra karanevAlI [ vaha AtmA ] hai| isameM AtmA kA sabhI vastuoM ko grahaNa karanevAlA svabhAva asiddha nahIM hotaa| vizeSa-sarvajJa ko siddha karane ke lie anumAna yoM diyA gayA( 1 ) kazcidAtmA sakalapadArthasAkSAtkArI-pratijJA / / 2 ) tadgrahaNasvabhAvatve sati prkssiinnprtibndhprtyytvaat-hetu| / 3 ) yadyad ...... rUpasAkSAtkAri-udAharaNa / [4) tadgrahaNasvabhAvatve sati prakSINapratibandhapratyayazca kazcidAtmA upny| / 5 ) tasmAtsakalapadArthasAkSAtkArI ( AtmA arhan )-nigamana / isa prakAra pAMca avayavoM kA yaha parArthAnumAna hai jisase sarvajJatva kI siddhi bhalIbhA~ti ho jAtI hai| ___ aba uparyukta hetu-azeSArtha ko grahaNa karane kI prakRti meM svarUpAsiddha hetvAbhAsa dekhane kI ceSTA kI jAtI hai / cakSu Adi indriyA~ rUpa, rasa Adi viSayoM ko grahaNa karatI haiM / yaha inakA svabhAva hai / mana aura AtmA kA koI aisA svAbhAva nahIM ki ve amuka viSaya ko hI grahaNa kreNge| pratyakSa jJAna meM unakA viSaya indriyoM se sambaddha rahatA hai, anumAna meM to usase bhI punaH sambaddha (= indriya sambaddha sambaddha ) viSaya hotA hai / isa prakAra sabhI vastuoM ko grahaNa karane kA AtmA kA svabhAva to asiddha hai, ise svarUpAsiddhi kaheMge / isI ke uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki AtmA kA svabhAva asiddha nahIM / isake lie kAraNa aba deMge aura mImAMsakoM ko Ar3e hAthoM liyA jAyagA / codanAbalAnnikhilArthajJAnotpattyanyathAnupapattyA, sarvamanekAntAtmakaM sattvAditi vyAptijJAnotpattazca / 'codanA hi bhUtaM bhavantaM bhaviSyantaM sUkSma vyavahitaM viprakRSTamityevaMjAtIyakamarthamavagamayati' (mo0 sa0 112

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Arhata-darzanam 109 zabarabhASya ) ityevaM jAtIyakaMradhvaramImAMsAgurubhividhipratiSedhavicAraNAnibandhanaM sakalArthaviSayajJAnaM pratipadyamAnaiH sakalArthagrahaNasvabhAvakatvamA - tmano'bhyupagatam / yadi [ sarvajJatva siddha karane kA hetu 'azeSArtha grahaNa karane kI prakRti' ] nahIM rakheM to codanA yA vidhi ( Injunction ) ke bala se sabhI viSayoM ke jJAna kI utpatti nahIM ho sakegI ( anyathA anupapattyA ) / dUsare, nimnokta vyApti jJAna kI utpatti bhI [ nahIM ho sakegI ] - ' sabhI vastue~ anekAntAtmaka ( anizcita ( Indeterminate ) haiM kyoMki unakI sattA hai ( hetu ) / [ isa prakAra arthApatti se uparyukta svarUpAsiddha doSa kA khaMDana ho jAtA hai / eka to vidhi vAkyoM kI sarvArthagAminI prApti hameM bAdhya karatI hai ki vidhi ke vidhAyakoM (jaise arhanmuni) kA svabhAva sabhI viSayoM kA jJAna karanevAlA mAnanA hogA / dUsarI ora, sabhI viSayoM ko anekAnta mAnanevAlI vyApti bhI bAdhya karatI hai ki hama uparyukta svabhAva ko svIkAra kreN| phira kahA~ rahA svarUpAsiddha doSa ? pratyuta usa hetu ke binA kAma hI nahIM calatA / aba codanA yA vidhi kI sarvavyApakatA suneM / ] codanA (vidhi) bIte hue viSayoM ko ( jaise arthavAda meM ) vartamAna viSayoM ko ( jese yAgAdi ko ), bhaviSya meM honevAle viSayoM ko ( jaise svargasukha prApti Adi ) sUkSma vastuoM ko ( jaise zarIra dhAraNa ke pUrva jIva ), vyavahita ( Obstructed jaise zarIrAdi ke dvArA vyavadhAna pAne para jIva ) yA dUra kI vastuoM ko ( jaise svargAdi ) batalAtI hai| = ina sabhI prakAra ke viSayoM kA nirdeza vidhiyoM meM hai jisase ve vidhiyA~ mImAMsakoM ke hI anusAra nikhilArtha bodhaka haiM / isI prakAra ko codanA arhanmuni ke banAye hue Agama meM bhI dekhI jAtI hai / to kyA vaha Agama sarvArthaprakAzaka nahIM hogA ? ) ( mImAMsAsUtra 1 / 1 / 2 para zabarasvAmI kA bhASya ) - isa prakAra ke adhvaramImAMsA ( yajJamImAMsA, karmamImAMsA ) ' ke gurugaNa vidhi ( Injunctions ) aura pratiSedha ( Prohibitions ) ke vicAra para Azrita sabhI vastuoM ke jJAna kA pratipAdana karate hue, AtmA ( arhanmuni ) ke kArthagrahaNa rUpI svabhAva ko mAnate haiM / vizeSa- codanA ke praNetA arhanmuni meM nikhila vastuoM kA jJAna honA Avazyaka hai / yadi unakA svabhAva nikhila viSayoM kA grahaNa karanA nahIM hotA, to yaha sambhava nahIM thA / isalie arthApatti ke dvArA isakI siddhi hotI hai / isake alAve arhanmuni ne yaha anumAna bhI kahA hai - ' saba kucha anekAnta ( anizcayAtmaka ) hai kyoMki usakI sattA hai / ' yaha 1. veda ke adhvara - bhAga yA karmakANDa para jora dene ke kAraNa jaiminIya darzana kA nAma karma-mImAMsA yA pUrvamImAMsA bhI hai jaba ki vedAnta ko jisase jJAnakANDa kA varNana hai uttaramImAMsA yA jJAnamImAMsA bhI kahate haiN| bAda meM vedAnta nAma par3a jAne para pahale ko kevala mImAMsA bhI kahane lage /

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe anumAna binA vyApti ke jJAna ke sambhava nahIM hai / ata: arhamuni ko yaha honA hI cAhiyesabhI vastuoM ke viSaya meM vyApti honI paramAvazyaka hai / isake lie 'nikhilArthaMgrahaNasvabhAva' honA hI par3egA / na cAkhilArthapratibandhakAvaraNaprakSayAnupapattiH / samyagdarzanAditrayalakSaNasyAvaraNaprakSayahetubhUtasya sAmagrIvizeSasya pratItatvAt / anayA mudrayApi kSudropadravA vidrAvyAH / [ hetu meM jo vizeSya = prakSINapratibandhapratyayatva -- lagA hai, usameM doSa prApta hone kI zaMkA karate haiM---] aisA na samajheM ki akhila vastuoM ke [ prakAzana yA jJAna meM ] rukAvaTa DAlanevAle AvaraNa ( Dhakkana Covering ) ke vinAza kI siddhi nahIM hogI / ( arthAt arhamuni akhila vastuoM kA jJAna rakhate haiM, usameM kahIM bhI koI rukAvaTa nahIM DAla sakatA | isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki samyagdarzana Adi tIna ( ratnoM) se yukta tathA AvaraNa kA vinAza karanevAle kucha aise viziSTa sAdhana ( sAmagrI vizeSa ) haiM, jinakI pratIti hotI hai / [ abhiprAya yaha hai ki sabhI vastuoM ke jJAna meM rukAvaTeM yA AvaraNa haiM, unake naSTa ho jAne para arhamuni kA yaha svabhAva hI ho jAyagA ki ve sabhI vastuoM kA jJAna prApta kareM aura phira sarvajJatva unameM kyoM nahIM rahegA ? lekina prazna hai ki ina AvaraNoM ko naSTa karane ke upAya bhI haiM kyA ? hA~, haiM- samyak darzana, samyak jJAna tathA samyak caritra / ina tIna ratnoM ke dhAraNa se AvaraNa prakSINa ho jAte haiM, mokSa kA mArga khula jAtA hai / triratna kA svarUpa Age calakara btlaayeNge| abhI to zatruoM se yuddha meM pha~se haiM / / isa rIti se bhI duSToM ( jaina-mata ke AkSepakoM ) ke upadrava ( AkSepa ) dabA diye jAya~ / 110 ( 10 naiyAyikoM kI zaMkA aura usakA uttara ) nanvAvaraNaprakSayavazAdazeSaviSayaM vijJAnaM vizuddhaM mukhyapratyakSaM prabhavatItyuktaM, tadayuktam / tasya sarvajJasyAnAdimuktatvenAvaraNasyaivAsambhavAditi cet-tanna / anAdimuktatvasyaivAsiddheH / na sarvajJo'nAdimuktaH / muktatvAditaramuktavat / baddhApekSayA hi muktavyapadezaH / tadrahite cAsyApyabhAvaH syAdAkAzavat / [ naiyAyikoM kI zaMkA hai- ] Apa ( jaina-loga jo yaha kahate haiM ki AvaraNa ke acchI taraha ( prakarSeNa ) naSTa ho jAne para, sabhI padArthoM ke viSaya meM, vizuddha vijJAna ( Pure intelligence ) utpanna hotA hai, jisameM sabase adhika to ApakI yaha bAta ThIka nahIM hai / kAraNa yaha hai ki sarvajJa to usameM AvaraNa ( jJAna ko DhaMkanevAle tattva ) kI sambhAvanA hI uttara meM kahate haiM ki ] yaha zaMkA bhI yuktiyukta nahIM hai / Apa 'anAdikAla se mukta pratyakSa - zakti rahatI hai, anAdikAla se mukta hai, kahA~ se hogI ? [ hama

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111 Arhata-darzanam ( sarvajJa ) ' kI hI siddhi nahIM kara sakate / sarvajJa anAdikAla se mukta nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha bhI anya mukta puruSoM kI taraha 'mukta' hotA hai / 'mukta' zabda 'baddha' kI apekSA rakhatA hai / ( jo mukta hogA to kisI bandhana se hI; isalie mukta ko pahale baddha honA Avazyaka hai, cAhe vaha sarvajJa kyoM na ho / ) yadi vaha ( baddha ) nahIM rahegA to isa ( mukta ) kA bhI abhAva ho jAyagA, jaise - AkAza [ na to baddha rahatA hai aura na mukta | isalie yA to baddha aura mukta donoM rakhanA par3egA yA donoM meM koI nahIM / ] nanvanAdeH kSityAdikAryaparamparAyAH kartRtvena tatsiddhiH / tathA hi-kSityAdikaM sakartRkaM kAryatvAd ghaTavad / tadapyasamIcInam / kAryatvasyaivAsiddheH / na ca sAvayavatvena tatsAdhanamityabhidhAtavyam / yasmAdidaM vikalpajAlamavatarati / [ naiyAyika loga uttara de sakate haiM ki ] pRthvI Adi anAdikAla se calI AnevAlI kArya-paramparA ko dekhakara [ una kAryoM ke ] kartA ke rUpa meM usa ( sarvajJa Izvara ) kI siddhi ho jAtI hai / samajhane ke lie yaha anumAna leM - 'pRthvI Adi isalie kartRyukta ( Having a doer, i. e. God ) haiM ki ye ( padArtha ) kArya ke rUpa meM haiM, jaise ki ghaTa / ' ( jisa prakAra ghaTa kA kartA kumbhakAra hai, usI prakAra anAdikAla se calanevAle pRthvI Adi padArthoM ke lie bhI eka anAdikarttA kI AvazyakatA hai / vahI karttA Izvara hai / yaha naiyAyikoM kI tarkapraNAlI Izvara ko siddha karane meM kAma AyI hai / ) [ aba hamArA ( jainiyoM kA ) pratyuttara hai - ] yaha kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki ina vastuoM kA hama kArya ke rUpa meM hI svIkAra nahIM kara sakate / Apa yaha nahIM kaha sakate haiM kI [ pRthvI Adi padArthoM ke ] avayavayukta hone ke kAraNa usa ( kAryatva ) kI siddhi ho jAyagI, kyoMki yaha vikalpa kA samUha vahA~ para A jAyagA / [ isake bAda pA~ca vikalpa dekara unakA khaNDana kiyA jAyagA / ] vizeSa - jainoM ke prahAra se bacane ke lie vIra naiyAyika bahuta-sI yuktiyAM dete haiM / jainoM kA kahanA hai ki pRthvI kArya nahIM hai, taba naiyAyikoM ne kahA ki jina-jina padArthoM kI racanA meM Tukar3e yA avayava hote haiM / ve padArtha kArya haiM / aba jaina loga vikalpa kA jAla phailAkara yaha siddha karane kI ceSTA kareMge ki sAvayava hone se hI koI padArtha kArya nahIM ho jAyagA / ( 11. sAvayavatva ke pA~ca vikalpa aura unakA khaNDana ) sAvayavatvaM kimavayavasaMyogitvam, avayavasamavAyitvam, avayavajanyatvam, samavetadravyatvam, sAvayavabuddhiviSayatvaM vA ? na prathamaH / AkAzAdau anaikAntyAt / na dvitIyaH / sAmAnyAdau vyabhicArAt / naM tRtIyaH / sAdhyAviziSTatvAt /

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. .. 112 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe .............. s i Man 'avayavoM ke sAtha honA' isakA artha kyA hai--(1) avayavoM ke sAtha saMyoga honA, yA ( 2 ) avayavoM ke sAtha nityarUpa meM sambaddha rahanA, yA (3) avayavoM se utpanna honA, yA ( 4 ) nityarUpa se sambaddha ( samaveta ) dravya honA athavA ( 5 ) avayavoM [ ke vicAra ] se yukta buddhi kA hI viSaya honA ? [ paMcama vikalpa kA artha hai ki jisa buddhi se sAvayava padArtha kA jJAna hotA hai usa buddhi meM hI 'avayavoM se saMyukta hone kA pratyaya ( Concept ) chipA huA ho|] (1) pahalA vikalpa [ ki avayavoM ke sAtha saMyoga hotA hai ] ThIka nahIM kyoMki AkAza Adi padArthoM meM vyabhicAra ho jAyagA [ isalie ativyApti ho jAyagI ] Azaya yaha hai ki AkAza ke jo avayava yA bhAga haiM unakA saMyoga AkAza meM hai / isa prakAra prathama vikalma ke anusAra hI, avayavoM ke sAtha saMyukta sAvayavatva yahA~ para hetu hai jo kArya arthAt AkAza kI siddhi meM upayukta ho sakatA hai| yadi sAvayava hone kA artha hai 'avayavoM ke sAtha saMyukta honA' taba to AkAza bhI avayavoM se saMyukta hai phira AkAza ko naiyAyika loga kArya kyoM nahIM mAnate ? naiyAyika loga isa yukti meM sabhI sAvayava ( avayavasaMyogI ) padArtha kArya haiM, cUMki AkAza sAvayava ( avayava saMyogI ) hai, isalie AkAza kArya hai, sAdhya ( 'kArya' ) ko pakSa ('AkAza' ) bhinna mAnate haiM, AkAza ko kArya nahIM maante| isake calate 'sAvayava' hetu vyabhicAragrasta mAnA jAyagA aura vaha vyabhicAra ( Wide application ) hai ki yaha hetu sAdhya ke abhAva se yukta ( sAdhyAbhAvavat ) sthAnoM meM bhI apanI vRtti rakhatA hai ( sAdhyAbhAvavavRttitvarUpavyabhicAragrasta: sAvayavatvahetuH ) / niSkarSa yaha nikalA ki 'avayava saMyogI vAle sAvayavatva ko hetu ke rUpa meM grahaNa karane se AkAza ko bhI sameTa lenA par3egA jo kArya nahIM hote hue bhI kArya ke rUpa meM siddha ho jAyagA / isalie sAvayava kA artha 'avayavoM ke sAtha saMyukta rahanA' nahIM honA cAhie / AkAza meM avayava nahIM haiM, aisI zaMkA nahIM karanI cAhie kyoMki avayava nahIM rahane se vaha vyApaka nahIM ho sakatA / jisake bhAga haiM vahI vyApaka hogaa| ] (2) dUsarA vikalpa [ ki avayavoM ke sAtha nitya rUpa se sambaddha rahanA hI sAvayava honA hai ] bhI ThIka nahIM, kyoMki isase sAmAnya Adi meM vyabhicAra yA ativyApti ho jaaygii| [ ThIka Upara jaisI dazA yahA~ bhI hai| sAmAnya yA jAti ( jaise-dravyatva, ghaTatva, gotva Adi ) apane vyApya viSayoM (jaise-ghaTa, paTa, go ) meM to hai hI, unake avayavoM meM bhI hai| sAmAnya kA inake sAtha samavAya-sambandha ( Inherent relation ) hai ki kabhI na ..rambha dekhA gayA aura na anta hI / nitya, nirantara kA donoM meM sambandha / hai / taba to yaha nizcita hai ki sAmAnya avayavoM ke sAtha samaveta hai| aba vahI anumAna

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Arhata-darzanam sabhI sAvayava ( avayava samavAyI ) padArtha kArya haiM, cUMki sAmAnya bhI sAvayava ( avayava samavAyI ) haiM, isalie sAmAnya kArya hai / phira naiyAyikoM ke kAna khar3e ho gaye / 'sAmAnya ko ve kArya mAnate nahIM' phira yaha siddha kaise huA ? jarUra kahIM dAla meM kAlA hai / isalie 'Tiara' kA artha 'avayavoM se samavAya sambandha honA' leMge to sAmAnya ko bhI kArya mAnanA par3egA, ativyApti ho jAyagI / ataH 'sAvayava' kA yaha artha ThIka nahIM hai / dravyatva kA sambandha ghaTa ke avayavoM ke sAtha kaise ? do upAya haiM--eka to ghaTa ke avayava bhI usI prakAra dravya haiM jisa prakAra ghaTa, ataH unase bhI dravyatva jAti nityarUpa se sambaddha hai / dUsare, dravyatva kA sambandha ghaTatva se hai aura ghaTatva ghaTa ke pratyeka avayava meM hai nahIM to vaha ghaTa ( pUrNa ) ko vyApta kaise karegA ? [ hama aisA kaha bhI nahIM sakate ki amuka khaNDa meM ghaTatva hai, amuka meM nahIM / ] ( 3 ) tIsarA vikalpa [ ki sAvayavatva kA artha avayavoM se doSarahita nahIM kyoMki yaha hamAre sAdhya ( 'kAryatva' ) se abhinna ho loga kAryatva ko siddha karanA cAhate haiM kyoMki vaha saMdigdha hai / usI saMdigdha hai / ise svayaM hI siddha karane kI AvazyakatA hai phira yaha kAryatva ko kyA siddha karegA ? bAta yaha hai ki kArya aura janya eka hI haiM / 'paTa' kArya ko siddha karane ke lie yaha kahanA aprAmANika hogA ki ekatra kiye gaye sUta hI paTa haiM / ataH sAvayavatva kA yaha artha bhI vyartha hai / ] utpanna honA hai ] bhI jAyagA / [ abhI hama prakAra 'janyatva' bhI 113 na caturthaH / vikalpayugalArgalagrahagalatvAt / samavAyasambandhamAtravad dravyatvaM samavetadravyatvamanyatra samavetadravyatvaM vA vivakSitaM hetukriyate ? Adye gaganAdau vyabhicAraH / tasyApi guNAdisamavAyavatva dravyatvayoH sambhavAt / dvitIye sAdhyAviziSTatA / anyazabdArtheSu samavAyakA raNabhUteSvavayaveSu samavAyasya sAdhanIyatvAt / abhyupagamyaitadabhANi / vastutastu samavAya eva na samasti / pramANAbhAvAt / ( 4 ) cauthA vikalpa [ ki sAvayava nityarUpa se sambaddha dravya hai, ] bhI ThIka nahIM kyoMki isakI gardana do vikalpoM kI argalA ( kivAr3a banda karane kI lakar3I, ber3A ) se pakar3a lI jAtI hai / [ vikalpa isa prakAra haiM ] Apa 'samaveta dravya honA' se kyA samajhate haiM - ( ka ) kyA apane-Apa meM nityarUpa se ( = samavAya ) sambandha rakhanevAlA dravya samajhate haiM, yA : ( kha ) apane abhISTa kathana ( vivakSita ) kA hetu dene ke lie ( = apanI bAta ko siddha karane ke lie ) kisI dUsare padArtha se samavAya sambandha rakhanevAle dravya 'samaveta dravya' samajhate haiM ? [ prathama vikalpa kA artha hai ki dravya apane-apane rUpa meM hI samavAya sambandha rakhate haiM, dUsarA vikalpa kahatA hai ki dravya apane se bhinna kisI padArtha me 8 sa0 saM0

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114 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe gamavAya sambandha rakhate haiN| donoM avasthAeM duSita kI jaayNgii| prathama kA udAharaNa hai ( kalpita )-pRthivI kA samavAya sambandha gandha se hai aura dravya bhI hai / lekina ise dUSita kreNge| dUsare kA udAharaNa hai-paTa apane se bhinna tantuoM se samavAya sambandha rakhatA hai nathA dravya bhI hai| ( ka ) pahale vikalpa ko rakhane se AkAzAdi ( dravyoM) meM bhI isakI prasakti ( Inclusion) ho jAyegI, kyoMki vaha ( AkAza ) bhI guNa ( = zabda ) Adi meM samavAya rUpa meM sambaddha hai tathA dravya bhI hai| [ AkAza meM zabda-guNa tathA dravyatva-jAti, jo usI ke rUpa haiM, samavAya rUpa se sambaddha haiM isalie AkAza ko bhI to pahalI pratijJA ke anusAra avayavayukta mAnanA par3egA / smaraNIya hai ki ye sAre vikalpa 'sAvayavatva' ke hI haiM / AkAza vAstava meM sAvayava kisI ke mata se nahIM hai / tarkasaMgrahakAra kahate haiM-'zabdaguNakamAkAzam / naccekaM vibhU nityaM ca / ' isalie pahalA vikalpa neyAyikoM ke apane siddhAnta kA hI khaNDana kregaa|] (kha ) dUsarA vikalpa lene para (ki dravya apane se bhinna kisI se samavAya sambandha rakhatA hai ) sAdhya ( The proposition to be proved ) se koI antara hI nahIM rahegA ( yaha bhI utanA hI klipTa ho jAyagA jitanA sAdhya hai ) kyoMki apane 'anya' ( apane se bhinna ) zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, usake artha meM AnevAle jo samavAya kAraNa ke rUpa meM avayava haiM ( jaise paTa ke atirikta isakA samavAyikAraNa tantu haiM jo paTa ke avayava bhI haiM ), unhIM meM samavAya sambandha kI siddhi karanI hogii| [ paTa ke avayava aura mamavAyikAraNa tantu to haiM, para inheM 'paTa se bhinna' mAnanA kaise hogA ? isalie dUsare sthAna meM ( anyatra ) samaveta dravya ke rUpa meM sAvayavatva mAnanA hamAre sAdhya-'sAvayavatvaM kAryam'- kI taraha hI siddhi kI apekSA rakhatA hai| isa prakAra caturtha vikalpa-samavetadravyatvaM sAvayavatvam- bhI khaNDita ho gayA, vaha cAhe 'svasmin samavetadravyatvam' yA 'anyatra......' ho / ] nApi paJcamaH / AtmAdinAnakAntyAt / tasya sAvayavabuddhiviSayatve'pi kAryatvAbhAvAt / na ca niravayavatve'pyasya sAvayavArthasambandhena sAvayavabuddhiviSayatvamaupacArikamityeSTavyam / niravayavatve vyApitvavirodhAtparamANuvat / hamane yaha saba kucha ApakI [ zabdAvalI kA prayoga karake ] hI kahA hai, nahIM to vAstava meM [ hama jainoM ke yahA~ ] samavAya ( Inherent relation ) hai hI nahIM, kyoMki isameM koI pramANa nahIM hai [ jo 'samavAya' ko siddha kare ] / ( vedAntiyoM kI hI taraha jaina loga bhI samavAya ko svIkAra nahIM krte|) (5) pA~cavA~ vikalpa [ avayavoM ke vicAra se yukta buddhi kA viSaya honA hI 'sAvayava' hai ] bhI ThIka nahIM kyoMki yaha ( lakSaNa) AtmA Adi padArthoM ko bhI vyApta kara

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Arhata-darzanam 115 legA / AtmA bhI avayavoM ke vicAra se yukta buddhi kA viSaya hai phira bhI ise kArya ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karate / [ isase bacane ke lie ] Apa yaha nahIM kaha sakate ki AtmA ke avayavahIna hone para bhI, avayavayukta vastuoM ( sAvayava -artha, jaise zarIra Adi ) ke sAtha sambandha hone ke kAraNa jo ise ( = AtmA ko ) ' avayavoM ke vicAra se yukta buddhi kA viSaya' kahate haiM, vaha lAkSaNika ( aupacArika Metaphorical ) bhASA meM kahA jAtA hai ( isalie AtmA Adi kA vyabhicAra isa lakSaNa ke dvArA nahIM hotA -- lekina yaha rakSakatarka ThIka nahIM ) / kAraNa yaha hai ki avayavahIna padArtha aura vyApaka - padArtha meM paramANu kI taraha ( paramANu avayavahIna hai para vyApaka nahIM ) hI virodha hai / vizeSa- - AtmA avayavahIna hai, kintu zarIrAdi avayavayukta vastuoM ke sAtha ( jaise maiM zarIradhArI hU~ ) isakA sambandha dekhA jAtA hai isalie aupacArika prayoga se ise sAvayava buddhi kA viSaya kahate haiM / aupacArika prayoga mAnane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki AtmA meM kAryatva ( jo yahA~ sAdhya hai ) kA atyanta abhAva hai, usameM 'sAvayava buddhi kA viSayatva' isa hetu kA bhI abhAva hai / lekina yaha tarka bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki avayavahIna padArtha vyApaka nahIM ho sakate, donoM meM paraspara virodha hai / aupacArika prayoga kucha kara nahIM sakatA / isa prakAra yaha siddha ho gayA ki pRthvI Adi kArya nahIM haiM, isalie inake kartA ke rUpa meM Izvara kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI / aba kartA para hI zaMkAe~ uThAyI jAtI haiM ki kartA eka hai yA aneka / phira Izvara ko kartA mAnanevAloM ko ( naiyAyikAdi ko ) acchI phaTakAra dI jAyagI / ( 12. Izvara ke karttA banane para Apatti ) kiM ca, kimekaH karttA sAdhyate, kiM vA'neke ? prathame prAsAdAdau vyabhicAraH / sthapatyAdInAM bahUnAM puruSANAM tatra kartRtvopalambhAt / dvitIye bahUnAM vizvanirmAtRtve teSu mitho vaimatyasambhAvanAyA anivAryatvAdekaikasya vastuno'nyAnyarUpatayA sarvamasamajjasamApadyeta / sarveSAM sAmarthyasAmyenaikenaiva sakalajagadutpattisiddhau itaravaiyarthyaM ca / pAye yadi dUsarA isake alAve, kyA Apa eka karttA siddha karate haiM yA aneka ? yadi prathama vikalpa ( eka kartA honA ) lete haiM to prAsAda ( mahala ) Adi [ ke kartRtva ] meM virodha ho jAyagA / usake nirmANa meM kartA ke rUpa sthapati ( bar3haI Carpenter ) Adi bahuta se puruSa jAte haiM [ yadi eka hA kartA mAneMge to prAsAdAdi kA nirmANa kaise hogA ? vikalpa lete haiM ( ki bahuta se karttA hote haiM ) taba to bahuta se karttA milakara vizva kA nirmANa kareMge, unameM paraspara matabheda kI bhI sambhAvanA anivArya hai / phala yaha hogA ki eka-eka cIja ke bhinna-bhinna rUpa ho jAya~ge aura saba kucha asamaMjasa ( gar3abar3a, Incoherent ) ho jAyagA / dUsarI ora, yadi saboM meM samAna zakti mAnakara kisI eka ke dvArA samasta saMsAra kI utpatti siddha karate haiM to dUsare kartA vyartha ho jAya~ge /

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116 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe taduktaM vItarAgastutau16. kartAsti kazcijjagataH sa caikaH sa sarvagaH sa svavazaH sa nityH| imAH kuhevAkaviDambanAH syu steSAM na yeSAmanuzAsakastvam // ( vI0 stu0 6 ) iti // anyatrApi17. kartA na tAvadiha ko'pi yathecchayA vA dRSTo'nyathA kaTakRtAvapi ttprsnggH| kArya kimatrabhavatApi ca takSakAdyai rAhatya ca tribhuvanaM puruSaH karoti // iti // jaisA kI vItarAgastuti meM kahA gayA hai ---'isa jagat ( pratyakSAdi pramANoM se jJAta carAcara ) kA koI kartA hai, vaha eka hai, vaha sarvavyApI hai, vaha svatantra hai, vaha nitya haijina ( naiyAyikoM ) kI isa prakAra kI durAgraha-( ku = asata, hevAka = haTha ) rUpI viDambanAeM ( mAyAjAla ) haiM, [ he jinendra ! ] tuma unake zikSaka ( adezaka ) nahIM ho|' dUsare sthAna meM bhI ( kahA hai )-'isa saMsAra meM apanI icchA se kAma karanevAlA koI dekhA nahIM jAtA, nahIM to caTAI ( kaTa Mat ) banAne meM bhI usakI prasakti ( Inclusion ) ho jaaygii| phira Apa zrImAn tathA bar3haI Adi ke lie kArya hI kyA raha jAyagA, jaba ke vaha puruSa ( Izvara ) hI tInoM bhuvanoM kA saMgraha karake ( A --- han = saMkalana ) nirmANa karanA hai ?' vizeSa-vItarAgastuni ke isa zloka meM zloka meM naiyAyikoM ke dvArA Izvara ke lie pradatta cAra vizeSaNoM kA prayoga huA hai-eka, sarvaga, svavaza aura nitya / Izvara ke ekatva ke viSaya meM to Upara vicAra ho cukA hai ki ekatva usameM nahIM hai| aba agale vizeSaNoM kA vicAra kreN| sarvaga (. sarvavyApI )-yadi Izvara sarvavyApI hai to usI ke zarIra maMsAra avacchinna hai, dUsare kisI ke dvArA banAI gaI vastuoM ke lie phira koI Azraya se nahIM rhegaa| / yahI nahIM, naraka Adi sthAnoM meM bhI Izvara kI prasakti mAnanI par3egI / isa prakAra use sarvaga siddha nahIM kara sakate / svavaza (svatantra )-yadi Izvara ko svatantra mAnate haiM to apane kAruNika-svabhAva se prANiyoM ko vaha sukhI hI banAnA, dRgvI nhiiN| yadi pratyeka prANI ke dvArA kiye gaye zubhAzubha karma se prerita hokara hI use dukhI yA mukhI banAtA hai, taba svatantratA kahIM rahI ? dUsare yadi vaha karma kI apekSA rakhatA hai, taba sarvezvaratva bhI usase china gayA kyoMki Izvara aba karmoM ko to niyantrita nahIM kara sakatA / vAstava meM karma Izvara kA niyamana nahIM kara skte| nityagaMgAra ke karnA Izvara ko nitya bhI nahIM kaha sakate / agara usakA svabhAva saMsAra kA

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Arhata-darzanam 117 nirmANa karanA hai taba to pralaya nahIM ho skegii| yadi saMhAra karanA hI svabhAva mAneM to saMsAra kI utpatti aura sthiti asambhava ho jAyegI / agara donoM ko ho svabhAva mAneM to virodha par3egA tathA asaMgati hogI / kAla ke bheda se svabhAva meM bheda mAneM to anityatva hI hogA / ( abhyaGkara ) / ( 13. sarvajJa kI siddhi ) tasmAtprAguktakAraNatritayabalAdAMvaraNaprakSaye sArvazyaM yuktam / na cAsyopadeSTRntarAbhAvAt samyagdarzanAditritayAnupapattiriti bhaNanIyam / pUrvasarvajJapraNI tAgamaprabhavatvAdamuSya azeSArthajJAnasya / na cAnyonyAzrayAdidoSaH / AgamasarvajJaparamparAyA bIjAMkuravadanAditvAGgIkArAdityalam / isalie pUrvokta tInoM kAraNoM ( samyaka darzana, jJAna aura cAritra ) ke bala se Ava raNa ke kSINa ho jAne para sarvajJa kahanA ( kisI ko bhI ) yuktiyukta hai| aisA nahIM kahanA cAhie ki isa vAkya ke upadezaka koI dUsare nahIM ( svayaM sarvajJa hI haiM ), ataH samyam darzana Adi tInoM kAraNoM kI asiddhi ho jAyagI / ( cUMki samyak darzanAdi ko sarvaja banane kA kAraNa batalAnevAlA vAkya svayaM sarvana kA hI kahA huA hai, isalie sarvana hI kAraNa batalAve, isameM AtmAzraya-dopa huA / kintu aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM ) kyoMki pahale ke sarvajJoM ke dvArA banAye gaye AgamoM meM azeSa vastuoM kA yaha jJAna utpanna hotA hai / usake bAda, anyonyAzraya Adi doSoM kI bhI kalpanA yahA~ nahIM kareM, kyoMki Agama aura sarvajJa kI paramparA bIja aura aMkura kI paramparA ke samAna hI janAdi hai | baganA paryApta hai / vizeSa - Agama meM sarvajJa kI bAta kahI gaI hai aura sarva kA banAyA huA Agama hai, isase donoM meM anyonyAzraya-doSa to huA hI / isakA uttara hai ki ina dono-AgamI sarvajJa meM bIja aura aMkura kA sambandha hai / jisa bIja se koI aMkura usI bIja kA kAraNa nahIM hotA, kintu kisI dUsare bIja ko utpanna karatA hai | prakAra jayakA to prasaMga AtA hI nahIM / phira bhI pahale bIja huA ki aMkura, yaha jAnanA kaThina hai isIlie donoM kA sambandha anAdi mAnate haiM / Agama bhI jisa sarva kI bAta kahatA sarvajJa ke dvArA praNIta nahIM, balki usake pahale ke kisI sarva ke dvArA banAyA gayA hai / ( 14. triratnoM kA varNana - samyak darzana ) ma ratnatrayapadavedanIyatayA prasiddhaM samyagdarzanAditritayamarhatpravacanasaMgrahapare paramAgamasAre prarUpitam - 'samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArga' iti ( ta0 sU0 111 ) / vivRtaM ca yogadevena - ' yena rUpeNa jIvAdyarthI vyavasthitastena rUpeNa arhatA pratipAdite tattvArthe viparItAbhiniveza rahitatvAdyaparaparyAyaM zraddhAnaM

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118 sarvadarzanasaMgrahesamyagdarzanam / ' tathA ca tattvArthasUtra-tattvArtha ( the ) zraddhAnaM smygdrshnmiti| ____ 'tIna ratna' zabda se samajhe jAnevAle suprasiddha samyak darzana Adi tInoM kA nirUpaNa 'paramAgamasAra' (nAmaka grantha ) meM huA hai jo ( grantha ) arhatoM ke pravacanoM ( Teachings ) ke saMgraha ke rUpa meM hai-'samyak darzana ( Right faith ), samyak jJAna ( Right knowledge ) aura samyak cAritra ( Right conduct ) mokSa ke mArga haiM ( tattvArthAdhigamasUtra kA prathama sUtra; racayitA-umAsvAti, kAla-50 I0 ) / ' yogadeva ne isakA vivaraNa bhI diyA hai-jisa rUpa meM jIva Adi padArthoM kI vyavasthA [ saMsAra meM ] hai arhat ne usI rUpa meM unake tAtvika artha kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, una ( uktiyoM) meM zraddhA rakhanA, jisakA dUsarA nAma 'viruddha siddhAntoM meM AsthA ( abhiniveza ) nahIM rakhanA' hai, hI samyaka darzana kahalAtA hai|' usI taraha tatvArthasUtra meM bhI kahA gayA hai-'tattvArtha meM zraddhA rakhanA hI samyak darzana kahalAtA hai|' vizeSa-jaina-darzana kA sampUrNa AcArazAstra ( Ethics ) ina tIna ratnoM para hI avalambita hai / tInoM eka sAtha milakara mokSa ke mArga kA nirmANa karate haiN| isake lie daNDacakrAdinyAya hai| jaise daNDa, cakra, sUtra, mRttikA Adi saba milakara ghaTa kA nirmANa karate haiM na ki pRthak-pRthak, usI prakAra ye saba milakara hI mokSa mArga banAte haiM / tRNAraNimaNinyAya me ye kAma nahIM karate / tRNa agni kA kAraNa hai, usI prakAra araNi, usI prakAra maNi / nInoM bhinna haiM / tInoM ratnoM kA milanA hI kAraNa nahIM hai ( kAraNatAvacchedakaM tu na milinatvam ), kintu nInoM meM pratyeka kI vRtti ( Action ) kAraNa kA nirmANa karatI hai| Upara paramAgamasAra aura usake TIkAkAra yogadeva kA nAma diyA gayA hai| Aja donoM hI ajJAta haiN| hA~, uddharaNoM kI prApti umAsvAti ke tattvArthAdhigama-sUtra grantha meM hotI hai| ___anyadapi1.. rucijinoktatattveSu samyakzraddhAnamucyate / jAyate tannisargeNa guroradhigamena vA // iti // paropadezanirapekSamAtmasvarUpaM nisrgH| vyAkhyAnAdirUpaparopadezajanitaM jnyaanmdhigmH| dUsare sthAna meM bhI ( kahA hai )-'jinadeva ke dvArA kahe gaye tattvoM meM ruci honA samyak zraddhAna (= darzana ) kahalAtA hai / vaha yA to nisarga ( svabhAva ) se hI utpanna hotA 1 vistareNApadi TAnAmarthAnAM nanvasiddhaye / mamAmenAbhidhAnaM yanmaMgrahaM na vidarvadhAH / /

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Aheta-darzanam hai yA guru ke adhigama ( zikSA ) se / ' dUsaroM ke upadeza kI apekSA na rakhanevAle AtmasvarUpa ( svabhAva ) kA nAma nisarga ( Nature ) hai / vyAkhyAna Adi ke rUpa meM dUsaroM ke upadeza se utpanna jJAna adhigama ( Instruction ) kahalAtA hai| ( 15. samyaka jJAna aura usake pAMca rUpa ) yena svabhAvena jIvAdayaH padArthA vyavasthitAstena svabhAvena mohasaMzayarahitatvenAvagamaH samyagjJAnam yathoktam 19. yathAvasthitatattvAnAM saMkSepAdvistareNa vA / yo'vabodhastamatrAhuH samyagjJAnaM manISiNaH // iti / / / 'jisa svabhAva se ( rUpa meM ) jIva Adi padArtha vyavasthita haiM, usI rUpa meM mAha ( bhrama False knowledge: ) tathA saMyama se rahita hokara [ unheM ] jAnnA samyaka jJAna hai|' jaisA ki kahA hai-'tatvoM kA, unakI avasthA ke anurUpa, saMkSepa yA vistAra se, jo bodha hotA hai, use hI vidvAn loga samyak jJAna kahate haiM / ' ___ tajjJAnaM paJcavidhaM matizrutAvadhimanaHparyAyakevalabhedena / taduktam ---matizrutAvadhi-manaHparyAya-kevalAni jJAnamiti / asyArthaH-jJAnAvaraNakSayopazame sati indriyamanasI puraskRtya vyApRtaH sanyathArthaM manute sA matiH / jJAnAvaraNakSayopazame sati matijanitaM spaSTaM jJAnaM zratam / samyagdarzanAdiguNanitakSayopazamanimittamavacchinnaviSayaM jnyaanmvdhiH| IrSyAntarAyajJAnAvaraNakSayopazame sati paramanogatasyArthasya sphuTaM paricchedaM jJAnaM manaH pryaayH| tapaHkriyAvizeSAnyadartha sevante tapasvinaH tajjJAnamanyajJAnAsaMsRSTaM kevalam / vaha jJAna--(1) mati, (2) zruta, (3) avadhi, (4) manaHparyAya aura ( 2 ) / kevala-ina bhedoM ke kAraNa pA~ca prakAra kA hai| yaha kahA bhI hai-mati, thuta, avadhi, manaHparyAya tathA kevala ye jJAna haiM / isakA artha [ nimnalikhita hai - (1) mati ( Sensuous congnition )-jJAna ke AvaraNa' ( prativandhaka ) kA kSaya ( bilkula vinaSTa ) yA upazama ( thor3I dera ke lie naSTa ) ho jAne para indriya aura mana ko Age rakhakara ( unakI sahAyatA se yukta hokara padArtha kA yathArtha jJAna prApta karanA 1. jJAna ke AvaraNa tIna prakAra ke haiM.-manogata ( Mental ). indriyagana ( Shisuous ) tathA viSayagata ( Objective) / haTha, manmagtA, abhiyAna Adi ke kAraNa jJAna kA Avata honA manogata AvaraNa hai / netragaMgoM yA indriyoM meM kiMgI dApa ke kAraNa jJAna kA AvaraNa indriyagata hai / sUkSma hone yA andhAAra meM liga hone ke kAraNa vastu ko nahIM dekha sakanA viSayagata AvaraNa hai /

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120 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe 'mati' hai / [ ghaTAdi ke pratyakSa hone ke pUrva jo mananAtmaka jJAna prApta hotA hai, vahI mati hai / cakSu Adi indriyoM kI sahAyatA ke binA smaraNa ke rUpa meM, jo vastu kA cintana karate haiM, usase yaha jJAna bhinna hai / udAharaNa se samajheM- jisa taraha nATaka dekhane ke samaya pardA haTane ke thor3I dera pahale -- 'kauna pAtra AvegA' isa taraha kI mAnasika vRtti ke sAtha darzaka loga parde para dRSTi DAle rahate haiM / ThIka usI taraha kA yaha jJAna hai| binA soce hI akasmAt kisI vastu ke dekhane meM bhI mati-jJAna hI hai| bacce chaha mahIne taka apanI dRSTi sthira nahIM kara pAte, isalie unheM mati-jJAna nahIM hotA / dRSTi kI sthiratA ho mati - jJAna kA anumApaka hai / ] ( 2 ) zruta ( Scriptural or verbal knowledge ) - jJAna ke AvaraNa kA kSaya yA upazama ho jAne para, mati-jJAna se utpanna, spaSTa jJAna ko 'zruta' kahate haiM / ise hI naiyAyika loga 'nirvikalpaka' kahate haiM / indriyoM se utpanna hone ke kAraNa svayaM pratyakSa hone para bhI yaha atIndriya hai = indriyajanya jJAna kA viSaya nahIM ] ( 3 ) avadhi ( Definite knowledge ) - jo jJAna samyak darzana Adi guNoM se utpanna kSaya yA upazama kA kAraNa ho tathA viSayoM ( Objects ) ko vyApta karanevAlA ho vaha 'avadhi' hai / [ jisase viSayoM ko maryAdita kara diyA jAya ki yaha vastu aisI hai, vaha aisI - - yahI avadhijJAna hai| nirvacana aisA hogA - aba samantAt dravyAdibhiH parimitatvena dhIyate priya viSayo'nena / athavA avadhIyate = dravyakSetrakAlabhAvaiH paricchidyate viSayo'nena / avadhijJAna se viSayoM kA dravya, sthAna, kAla Adi jAnate haiM / yahI savikalpaka jJAna hai / devatA loga isI jJAna ke kAraNa nIce sAtaveM naraka taka dekha pAte haiM, lekina Upara apane vimAna ke daNDa taka hI dekha sakate haiM, isalie eka aura artha isakA --adhastAt vahutara vipayagrahaNAt avadhi: ( abhyaMkara ) / ] hai = ( 4 ) manaH paryAya ( Extraordinary perception ) - jJAna ke AvaraNa ke rUpa meM jo IrSyA Adi vighna ( antarAya ) haiM, unakA kSaya yA upazama ho jAne para dUsare vyaktiyoM ke mana kI bAta ko spaSTa rUpa se vyApta karanevAle jJAna ko 'manaHparyAya' kahate haiM / [ dUsare vyaktiyoM ke mana kI bAta ko jAnane ke lie IrSyAdi manogata AvaraNa kA ghaTanA Avazyaka hai / vaha samyak darzana se haTatA hai| isa prakAra, manaH = manogata artha kA, paryAya paryayaNa = dUsare ke mana meM sarvataH (ri) gamana hotA hai / pratyakSa se dUsare loga jAnate haiM / ] ise alaukika ( 2 ) kevala ( Pure knowledge ) -- jisake lie tapasvI loga vizeSa prakAra kI tapasyAe~ karate haiM tathA jo anya kisI prakAra ke bhI jJAna se pRthak ( asaMsRSTa Umailoyed ) hai, vahI 'kevala -jJAna' hai / ( samyak caritra ke dvArA jJAna ke sabhI AvaraNoM kA sarvathA vinAza ho jAne para hI mokSa denevAlA yaha jJAna utpanna hotA hai /

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Arhata-varzanam ise tattvajJAna bhI kahate haiM / anya kisI bhI jJAna se pRthak hone ke kAraNa ise 'kevala ' kahate haiM / ) vizeSa- ina pA~coM bhedoM meM prathama ko parokSa aura dUsaroM ko yahAM pratyakSa kahate haiM, para jaina lekhakoM ne ekasvara se mati aura zruta -- donoM ko hI parokSa mAnA hai / ' jaba pratyakSa kA vargIkaraNa indriyapratyakSa aura anindriyapratyakSa ke rUpa meM hotA hai, taba avadhi, mana:paryAya aura kevala ko anindriyapratyakSa meM rakhate haiM tathA kisI bhI indriya se samutpanna jJAna indriya pratyakSa meM AtA hai / tatrAdyaM parokSaM, pratyakSamanyat / taduktam 20. vijJAnaM tvaparAbhAsi pramANaM bAdhavajitam pratyakSaM ca parokSaM ca dvidhA jJeyaM vinizvayAt // iti // antargaNikabhedastu savistaraH tatraivAgame'vagantavyaH / 121 una [ pA~coM bhedoM ] meM pahalA parIkSa hai, dUsarA pratyakSa hai / yahI kahA bhI hai- 'vijJAna apanA tathA dUsaroM kA prakAzaka [ dIpa ke samAna | hai, kisI bhI bAdhA se mukta hone para yaha pramANa mAnA jAtA hai / jJeya ( Knowable ) vastuoM kA vinizcaya [ cUMki do prakAra se hotA hai, isalie vijJAna bhI ] do taraha kA hai-- pratyakSa aura parokSa / ' kintu ina saboM kA vistArapUrvaka avAntara ( antargaNika ) bheda vahI AgamoM se hI samajhanA cAhie / vizeSa- matijJAna ke cAra bheda haiM - avagraha ( Perception ) IhA ( Specula tion ), avAya ( Perceptual judgement ) tathA sAdhAraNa ( Retention ) / vAstava meM ye vyAvahArika pratyakSa kI cAra avasthAeM haiN| 'yaha puruSa haiM' yaha jJAna avagraha hai / usake bAda 'yaha dakSiNa kA hai ki uttara kA' isa saMzaya ke hone para 'yaha dakSiNa kA hI hai' yaha jJAna IhA hai / yaha kevala sambhava hai, nizcaya nahIM / phira bhASA Adi ke AdhAra para 'dakSiNa kA hai' yaha jJAna avAya hai / usI viSaya kA saMskAra se utpanna phira se jJAna honA dhAraNA hai, jisase usa viSaya kA smaraNa hotA hai / DA0 nathamala TaoNTiyA ne apane prabandha ( Thesis ) Studies in Jaina Philosophy ke dvitIya adhyAya ( Epistemclogy of the Aganmas, P. 27-80 ) meM ina bhedoM - upabhedoM kA bahuta hI prAmANika varNana kiyA hai | vizeSa jJAna ke lie vaha sthala draSTavya hai / ( 16. samyak cAritra aura pA~ca mahAvrata ) saMsaraNakarmocchittAvudyatasya zraddadhAnasya jJAnavataH pApagamanakAraNakriyAnivRttiH samyakcAritram / tadetatsaprapaJzvamuktamarhatA 1. Vide. Studies in Jaina Philosophy. P. 30. - The Jaina thinkers are unanimous in ascribing the status (of Parcksa indirect knowledge ) to the mati ( sensuous cognition ) and the Srutni - nana ( scriptural knowledge ).

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122 122 sarvadarzanasaMgraha 21. sarvathAvadyayogAnAM tyaagshcaaritrmucyte| kotitaM tadahiMsAdivatabhedena paJcadhA // ahiMsAsUnRtAsteyabrahmacaryAparigrahAH // saMsAra ke ( pravartana ke kAraNasvarUpa ) karmoM ke naSTa ( ucchitti = ut + /chid+ ktin ) ho jAne para, udyata ( =pApa nAza ke lie ), zraddhAvAn ( = prathama ratna se yukta) tathA jJAnavAn ( = dvitIya ratna se yukta) puruSa kA pApa meM le jAnevAlI kriyAoM se nivRtta ( pRthak ) ho jAnA hI samyak caritra ( Right conduct ) hai / arhata ne isakA varNana vistArapUrvaka kiyA hai-'pApa ke sAtha sambandha kA saba prakAra se tyAga karanA cAritra hai / ahiMsA Adi vratoM ke bheda se vaha pA~ca prakAra kA hai| ve haiM-ahiMsA, sanata ( satya ), asteya brahmacarya aura aparigraha / ' 22. na yatpramAdayogena jIvitavyaparopaNam / carANAM sthAvarANAM ca tadahisAvataM matam // 23. priyaM pathyaM vacastathyaM sUnRtaM vrtmucyte| tattathyamapi no tathyamapriyaM cAhitaM ca yat // 24. anAdAnamadattasyAsteyavatamudIritam / / bAhyAH prANAH nRNAmartho haratA taM hatA hi te // 25. divyaudarikakAmAnAM kRtAnumatakAritaiH / manovAkkAyatastyAgo brahmASTAdazadhA matam // 26. sarvabhAveSu mUrchAyAstyAnaH syAdaparigrahaH / yadasatsvapi jAyeta mUrcchayA cittaviplavaH / / ahiMsAvata-pramAda ( asAvadhAnI yA pAgalapana ) se bhI jaba caroM ( manuSya, pazu, pakSI Adi ) aura sthAvaroM ( latA, vRkSa Adi ) ke prANoM kA vinAza ( vyaparopaNa = pRthak karanA ) nahIM kiyA jAtA hai--vahI ahiMsA-vrata hai // 22 // satyavata-priya ( sunane meM sukhada ), pathya ( anta meM sukhada ) tathA tathya ( yathArtha, satya ) vANI ko nRta vrata kahate haiM / vaha vANI saccI hokara bhI saccI nahIM hai jo priya nahIM ( sunane meM sukhada nahIM ) yA hitakara nahIM ( pariNAma se sukhada nahIM ) hai // 23 // asteyavrata-binA diye hae kisI vastu ko na lenA asteya vrata hai| dhana manuSyoM ke bAharI prANa haiM unake haraNa se to prANoM kA haraNa hotA hai // 24 // brahmacaryavata-divya ( AgAmI jIvana meM bhogya ) aura audarika ( isI zarIra meM bhogya ) kAmanAoM kA kRta ( svayaM kiye gaye ), anumata ( anumodita ) tathA kArita ( dUsaroM se karAye gaye ) tInoM vidhiyoM se ( mana, vacana tathA karma se ), tyAga denA 'brahma' ( brahmacarya ) hai jo aThAraha taraha kA hai // 25 //

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Aheta-varzanam 123 aparigrahavata-sabhI vastuoM meM icchA kA tyAga kara denA aparigraha hai kyoMki icchA (mUrchA ) ke dvArA asat ( burI yA sattAhIna Nonexistent ) vastuoM meM citta kI vikRti ho jAtI hai // 26 // vizeSa-pataJjali ne yogasUtroM meM ( 2 / 30 ) yama ke rUpa meM inhIM pAMca vratoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jo yoga-zAstra ke aSTAGga-mArga meM prathama-mArga ke rUpa meM Ate haiM / brahma ke anusAra AcaraNa karanA brahmacarya hai / yaha aThAraha prakAra kA hai| kAma do haiM-divya aura audarika / ina donoM ke bhI tIna-tIna bheda hoMge, kyoMki ye kRta, anumata aura kArita ho sakate haiM / isa prakAra chaha bheda hue| aba mana, vacana yA karma se prApta hone ke kAraNa isake bhI tIna-tIna bheda hue / isa prakAra kula aThAraha bheda hue-aThAraha kAmanAoM ke tyAga se aThAraha brahmacarya hue-(1) manaHkRta-divyakAmatyAga, (2) manaHkRtIdarikakAmatyAga, (3) mano'numatadivyakAmatyAga aadi| mUrchA = icchA / 'mUrchA parigrahaH' ( tatva0 sU0 7.12 ) ke bhAgya meM likhA hai-icchA prArthanA kAmo'bhilASaH kAGkSA gAdhyaM mUrcchatyanAntaram / anarthAntara = paryAya ( Synonymous ) / (17. pratyeka vrata ko pA~ca-pA~ca bhAvanAe~ ) . 27. bhAvanAbhirbhAvitAni paJcabhiH paJcadhA kramAt / - mahAvratAni lokasya sAdhayantyavyayaM padam // iti / bhAvanApaJcakaprapaJcanaM ca nirUpitam28. hAsyalobhabhayakrodhapratyAkhyAnanirantaram / Alocya bhASaNenApi bhAvayetsUnRtaM vratam // ityAdinA / etAni samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi militAni mokSakAraNaM na pratyekam / yathA rasAyanam, tathA cAtra jJAnazraddhAnAcaraNAni sambhUya phalaM sAdhayanti, na prtyekm| pA~ca bhAvanAoM ( States of mind ) ke dvArA pA~ca prakAra se kramazaH bhAvita ( vyavahRta ) ye mahAvrata saMsAra ke akSaya ( sthAyI ) pada kI siddhi karate haiM // 27 // pAMca bhAvanAoM ke vistAra kA nirUpaNa isa prakAra huA hai- hAsya ( vinoda ), lobha, bhaya evaM krodha kA tiraskAra (pratyAkhyAna ) sadeva karake ( = 4 bhAvanAoM se ) tathA soca-samajhakara ( AlocanA karake ) bhASaNa ke dvArA sUnRta-vrata kA vyavahAra karanA cAhie // 28 // . [ kevala satyavrata ke lie pAMcoM bhAvanAeM batalAI gaI haiM / anya ke lie nIce 'vizeSa' dekheN|] ye samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak caritra milakara mokSa kA kAraNa banate haiM, pratyeka pRthak-pRthak nhiiN| jaise rasAyana-sevana meM usakA jJAna, usa para vizvAsa tathA usakA prayoga tInoM milakara phala dete haiM, pRthak-pRthak nahIM / vizeSa-sabhI vratoM kI bhAvanAeM bhinna-bhinna haiM / kevala sUnRta kI bhAvanAoM kA nirdezaka zloka hI uddhRta kiyA gayA hai / anya bhAvanAeM yoM haiM

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124 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ahiMsA kI bhAvanAeM-(1) vAggupti = viSayoM meM jAne kI indriyoM kI jo pravRtti hai vacana dvArA usa pravRtti se apanI rakSA / ( 3 ) IryAsamiti = jantuoM kI rakSA ke lie dekhakara paira rakhate hae calanA / ( 4 ) AdAnasamiti AsanAdi ko dekhakara yantrapUrvaka lAMghanA, use grahaNa karanA yA utthaanaa| ( inakA varNana Age dekheN)| (5) AlokitapAnabhojana-dekhakara pAnI pInA yA khAnA / sUnata kI bhAvanAe~-( 1 ) hAspa kA parityAga karake bolanA, kyoMki isase asatya bhASaNa meM pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai / ( 2 ) lobha kA parityAga karake bolanA / ( 3 ) bhaya tyAga kara bolnaa| ( 4 ) krodha tyAga kara bolanA, kyoMki ina saboM se jhUTha bolane kI ora pravRtti hotI hai| (5) soca samajha kara bolnaa| ____ asteya kI bhAvanAe~-(1) zUnya sthAnoM, pahAr3oM kI guphAoM meM nivAsa / (2) dUsaroM ke dvArA tyakta sthAnoM meM rahanA / ( 3 ) dUsaroM ke kisI kAma meM rukAvaTa nahIM DAlanA / ( 4 ) AcArazAstra ke niyamoM se bhikSA meM milI huI vastu kI zuddhi / ( 5 ) dUsaroM ke sAtha 'merA-terA' na karanA / brahmacaya kI bhAvanAe~ -(1) strI-prema kI bAteM na sunanA / (2) strI ke sundara zarIra ko na dekhanA / ( 3 ) pahale kI rati kA smaraNa na krnaa| ( 4 ) zaktivardhaka rasa-rasAyanoM kA sevana nahIM krnaa| (5 ) apane zarIra ke saMskAroM kA tyAga karanA ( AbhUSaNoM kA prayoga nahIM karanA ) / ___ aparigraha kI bhAvanAe~-(1) zrotrendriya kA zabda ke prati rAga-dveSa na honA / (2) rasanendriya kA rasa ke prati rAgadveSa na honA / ( 3 ) cakSuindriya kA rUpa ke prati rAgadveSa na honaa| ( 4 ) sandriya kA sparza ke prati rAgadveSa na honA / ( 5 ) ghrANendriya kA gandha ke prati rAgadveSa na honaa|| ( 18. jaina tattva-mImAMsA-do tattva ) atra saMkSepatastAvajjIvAjIvAkhye dve tattve stH| tatra bodhAtmako jIvaH / abodhaatmstvjiivH| taduktaM padmanandinA / 29. cidacid dve pare tattve vivekastadvivecanam / upAdeyamupAdeyaM heyaM heyaM ca kurvataH // 30, heyaM hi kartRrAgAdi ttkaarymvivekitaa| upAdeyaM paraM jyotirupayogakalakSaNam // iti / yahAM saMkSipta rUpa se jIva aura ajIva nAma ke do tattva haiM / unameM jJAna ke rUpa meM jIva hai aura ajJAna ke rUpa meM ajAva hai| padmanandi ne ise kahA hai-'cit ( Soui ) aura Acata ( Non-soul )-ye do paramatatva ( Ultimate reality ) haiN| kartA ke dvArA upAdeya kA grahaNa karanA tathA heya kA tyAga karanA-aisA vivecana ( alaga

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125 Aheta-darzanam alaga ) hone kA nAma viveka hai // 29 // kartA meM rahanevAle rAga Adi doSa heya haiM, kyoMki inakA kArya hai aviveka / ( rAgAdi ke kAraNa hama cit-acit meM bheda nahIM kara pAte / ) upAdeya ( grAhya ) hai to [ jJAna kI ] vaha parama jyoti jisakA ekamAtra lakSaNa ( yA cinha ) hai 'upayoga' // 30 // vizeSa-upAdeyamupA0 = kurvataH (kurvatA ) upAdeyam (= vastu ) upAdeyam ( = grAham ) arthAt kartA ko upAdeya vastu kA grahaNa karanA cAhie, usI prakAra heya vastuoM kA tyAga karanA caahie| parama jyoti ( jIva, cit ) kA eka vizeSa cihna hai upayoga ( Consiousness ) / isake bhI do bheda haiM-upayoga aura labdhi / jIva meM avasthita cetanA kA nAma labdhi ( Dormant consciousness ) hai kintu jaba yahI cetanA kAryarUpa meM AtI hai taba upayoga ( Active consciousness ) kahalAtI hai / eka avasthita yogyatA batalAtI hai, dUsarI kAryAnviti / upayoga sAkAra bhI ho sakatA hai nirAkAra bhii| sAkAra upayoga ko jJAna aura nirAkAra upayoga ko darzana kahate haiN| isake bAda upayoga kA nirUpaNa hogaa| sahajacidrUpapariNati svIkurvANe jJAnadarzane upyogH| sa parasparapradezAnAM pradezabandhAtkarmaNakIbhUtasyAtmano'nyonyatvapratipattikAraNaM bhavati / sakalajIvasAdhAraNaM caitanyam upazamakSayakSayopazamavazAt aupazamikakSayAtmaka-kSAyaupazamikabhAvena karmodayavazAtkaluSAnyAkAreNa ca pariNatajIvaparyAyavivakSAyAM jIvasvarUpaM bhavati / yadavocadvAcakAcAryaH- 'aupazamikakSAyikau bhAvau mizrazca jIvasya svatattvamaudayikapAriNAmiko ca' ( ta0 sU0 2 / 1) iti| ' [ jIvAtmA kA ] svAbhAvika caitanya ke rUpa meM jo pariNAma ( Change ) haiM usI ko svIkAra karanevAle ( pahacAnanevAle ) jJAna aura darzana ko upayoga ( jIvAtmA kI kriyAoM kA vAstavika prayoga ) kahate haiN| [ bRhadravya-saMgraha ke Arambha meM hI kahA hai ki vivakSita padArtha ko vyApta karanevAlA, padArtha kA grahaNa karanevAlA vyApAra hI upayoga hai| saca meM upayoga vahI hai jisase kisI vastu kA rahasya hama jAneM, cit kA svAbhAvika rUpa jAneM, usakA pariNAma jAneM, jIvAtmA kA jAneM Adi / to isake do rUpa haiM-jJAna aura darzana / donoM vyApAroM meM jIvAtmA kA sahaja-pariNAma ( = caitanya rUpa meM ) eka taraha kA hI hotA hai kyoMki isa pariNAma ke bAda hI jJAna aura darzana donoM kI utpatti hotI hai-pratyakSa aura sAkAra hone para jJAna kahalAtA hai, parokSa aura nirAkAra hone para darzana (zraddhA) kahalAtA hai| aba Age yaha batalA rahe haiM ki 'upayoga' jIvAtmA kA lakSaNa hai| [ jIva aura karma ke ] pArasparika pradezoM ( avayavoM ) ke mizraNa ( pradezabandha ) ke kAraNa karma ke sAtha milI-julI ( ekIbhUta ) AtmA ke pArthakya ( = karma aura AtmA ke

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126 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe bheda ) ko jAnane kA sAdhana vaha ( upayoga ) hI hai| [ pradeza = avayava; jIva ke pradezoM meM jo mithaHsaMyoga hai vaha kabhI dRr3ha rahatA hai kabhI shithil| kabhI-kabhI phala dene ke lie pravRtta honevAle karma ke avayava jIva ke avayavoM ke saMyoga ko zithila kara andara ghusa Ate haiM / isa prakAra karma aura jIva ke pradezoM kA mizraNa hotA hai, ise hI pradezabandha kahate haiM kyoMki aisA karane se jIva apane avayavoM ke kAraNa hI bandhana ( Bondage ) meM par3atA hai| vaha taba taka mukti ( Liberation ) nahIM pA sakatA, jaba taka karma ke avayava pRthaka na ho jAya / kisI sAmAnya upAya se unheM pRthaka rUpa se jAnanA kaThina hai| upAya hai to 'upayoga' / usI se jIvAtmA apane meM mile hue karma ke paramANuoM ( pudgaloM ) se pRthak jJAta hotA hai, kyoMki jIvAtmA caitanyarUpa meM pariNata ho jAyagA, jise upayoga se jAna leNge| dUsarI ora karma ke pudgala caitanyarUpa meM pariNata nahIM hoNge| upayoga isa prakAra mokSa kA mArga taiyAra karatA hai|] caitanya sabhI jIvoM meM sAmAnyarUpa se pAyA jAtA hai; eka ora upazama ( thor3I dera ke lie kAraNavaza zAnta ho jAnA ) aura kSaya ( atyantAbhAva ) tathA kSaya aura upazama ke vaza meM hokara, aupazamikakSaya ke rUpa meM kSAyopazamika bhAva ke dvArA, dUsarI ora, karmoM ke udaya ho jAne ke kAraNa kaluSa ( pApa ) yA dUsare AkAra ke dvArA [ vahI caitanya pratIta hotA hai ], pariNAma ( AtmasvarUpa jAnane ke lie parivartana ) se yukta jIva kI avasthAoM kI bAta uThatI hai taba [ vahI caitanya ] jIva kA apanA rUpa ( Real nature ) bana jAtA hai| aisA hI vAcakAcArya ne kahA hai-'aupazamika, kSAyika aura donoM kA mizraNa, audayika aura. pAriNAmika-ye ( pA~ca ) bhAva jIva ke apane rUpa haiM' ( tattva0 sU0 2 / 1 ) / vizeSa-bhAva ( avasthAeM ) pAMca haiM-upazama se sambaddha, kSaya se sambaddha, donoM ke mizraNa (kSayopazama, upazamakSaya ) se sambaddha, udaya se sambaddha tathA pariNAma se sambandha / (1) upazama kA artha hai thor3I dera ke lie utpanna honA / jisa prakAra phiTakirI ke prayoga se pAnI meM kIcar3a baiTha jAtI hai ( Sedimentation ) / yaha paMka kA upazama hai, vaise hI AtmA meM karma kA apanI zakti ke kAraNavaza daba jAnA upazama ( Subsistence ) hai| jisa bhAva kA lakSya kevala upazama karanA hai use aupazamika kahate haiM, jo jIva kI eka viziSTa avasthA hai| (2) kSaya ( Dissociation ) kisI padArtha ke Atyantika abhAva ko kahate haiM (pradhvaMsAbhAva, kyoMki vartamAna padArtha kA hI kSaya karanA abhISTa hai, bhrama se atyantAbhAva na samajheM jisameM anta Adi kisI kA patA nahIM rhtaa)| jaise kAMca ke bartana meM rakhe yA megha meM sthita jala meM paMka kA bilkula vinAza ho jAtA hai| jisa bhAva kA lakSya karma kA kSaya karanA hai use kSAyika kahate haiM / (3) kSaya aura upazama-donoM ke mizraNa ko kSayopazama kahate haiM, jaise kueM ke jala meM

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Aheta-darzanam 127 kahIM to paMka kA kSaya hai, kahIM upazama / donoM lakSya rahane para bhAva kSAyaupazamika kahalAtA hai| yaha bhI jIva kI eka viziSTa avasthA hai / ( 4 ) dravyAdi nimittoM se jaba karma-phala kI prApti zurU ho jAtI hai use udaya ( Rise ) kahate haiN| jaise jala meM paMka kA Upara uThanA / isI se sambaddha bhAva audayika hai| yaha bhI jIva kI eka viziSTa avasthA hai, jisameM karma mile rahate haiM / ( 5 ) eka aura sthiti hai pariNAma ( Manifestation ), jisameM kisI dravya ko apane svarUpa meM mila jAnA par3atA hai| isameM karmopazama Adi rahate hI nahIM, apanA svAbhAvika rUpa ( jaise AtmA ke lie caitanya ) mila jAtA hai / isase sambaddha bhAva pAriNAmika hai / smaraNIya hai ki ina bhAvoM meM pAriNAmika bhAva jIva ke lie svAbhAvika hai, kyoMki isameM karmodaya, upazama Adi bilkula nahIM rahate / aupazamika Adi cAra bhAva jIva ke lie naimittika haiM, kyoMki viziSTa avasthAoM meM hI ye upapanna hote haiM aura karmopazama Adi kI apekSA rahatI hai| ye pAMcoM bhAva hI jIva kI avasthAoM (paryAyoM ) kI bAta calane ( vivakSA ) para jIva kA svarUpa kahalAte haiN| jaba kevala 'jIva' (padArtha) kI bAta cale ( usakI avasthAoM kI nahIM), taba usakA svarUpa hI bhAva kahalAtA hai / ise. abhI spaSTa kareMge___ anudayaprAptirUpe karmaNa upazame sati jIvasyotpadyamAnobhAva aupazamikaH / yathA pake kaluSatAM kurvati katakAtidravyasambandhAdadhaHpatite jalasya svcchtaa| ( ArhatatattvAnusandhAnavazAd rAgAdipaGkakSAlanena nirmalatApAdakaH kSAyiko bhaavH|) karmaNaH kSaye sati jAyamAno bhAvaH kssaayikH| yathA pakAtpRthagbhUtasya nirmalasya sphATikAdibhAjanAntargatasya jalasya svcchtaa| yathA mokssH| ubhayAtmA bhAvo mishrH| yathA jlaasyaardhsvcchtaa| karmodaye sati bhavanbhAva audyikH| karmopazamAdyanapekSaH sahajo bhAvazcetanatvAdiH paarinnaamikH| tadetadyathAsambhavaM bhavyasyAbhavyasya vA jIvasya svarUpamiti sUtrArthaH // (1) jaba karma kA upazama ho jAya aura [ bhaviSyat ko prabhAvita karane ke lie naye karma kA ) udaya na mile, taba jIva meM utpanna honevAle bhAva ko aupazamika kahate haiM / udAharaNArtha-gandA karanevAle paMka ke kataka ( pAnI sApha karanevAlA eka dravya ) Adi dravyoM ke saMyoga se nIce baiTha jAne para jala meM svacchatA AtI hai| (2) arhatoM ke dvArA upadiSTa tattvoM ke anusaMdhAna se rAga ( Asakti, lAlI) Adi paMkoM ko dhokara nirmalatA denevAlA bhAva kSAyika hai ( yaha vAkya prakSipta jAna par3atA hai kyoMki isake bAda pUnaH kSAyika bhAva kA varNana hai| ise aupazamika meM bhI nahIM rakha sakate kyoMki spaSTa zabda meM 'kSAyika' kA prayoga hai ) / karma kA kSaya (sadA ke lie

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128 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe nAza ) ho jAne para utpanna honevAlA bhAva ( dazA) kA nAma kSAyika hai| udAharaNArtha-paMka meM se bilkula pRthak, nirmala tathA sphaTika Adi ke pAtra meM rakhe hae jala kI svcchtaa| usI taraha mokSa bhI hai | jisameM jIva karmoM kA pUrNa vinAza karake praveza karatA hai / ( 3-5 ) donoM milA-julA hone se bhAva mizra (kSAyaupazamika ) hai| udAharaNArtha-[ kueM Adi ke ] jala meM AdhI svcchtaa| karma kA udaya hone para jo bhAva utpanna hotA hai vaha audayika hai| karma ke upazama Adi se alaga svAbhAvika bhAva jo cetanatva ( Consciousness ) Adi hai, vaha pAriNAmika hai| yahI bhAva yathAsambhava bhavya yA abhavya jIva svarUpa hai-yahI vAcakAcArya ke sUtra kA artha hai| vizeSa-jaina-darzana meM jIvoM kI bhavyatA para bar3A vicAra kiyA gayA hai / jIva / andhakAra meM bhaTakate rahate haiN| jaba taka unameM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie svayaM-cetana prayAsa nahIM calatA taba taka ve samyag darzana nahIM paate| isake lie unameM satya-prApti ke lie prema utpanna hotA hai| sabhI jIvoM meM yaha lakSaNa nahIM pAyA jaataa| jo isa samyak darzana se yukta hokara mokSa ke icchuka haiM ve bhavya jIva ( Fit for liberation ) haiN| jinameM yaha lakSaNa nahIM ve abhavya haiM, ye kabhI mokSa nahIM pA sakate / jaina loga isa ananta bandhana kA koI nizcita kAraNa nahIM dete / bauddhadharma meM bhI aise abhavyoM kA varNana hai| dekheM, abhisamayAlaMkAra 8 / 10 varSatyapi hi parjanye naivAbIjaM prarohati / samutpAde'pi buddhAnAM nAbhanyo bhadramaznute // astu, bhavyatva aura abhavyatva jIva ke ye do bhAva caitanya ke samAna hI pAriNAmaka haiM / aba prazna uThatA hai ki caitanya to jJAna hai, vaha jIvAtmA meM rahanevAlA usakA guNa hai, svarUpa nahIM / phira caitanya jIva kA bhAva kaise hogA ? isakA samAdhAna nIce deMge taduktaM svarUpasambodhane-- 31. jJAnAd bhinno na nAbhinno bhinnAbhinnaH kathaMcana / jJAnaM pUrvAparIbhUtaM so'yamAtmati kIrtitaH // iti / nanu bhedAbhedayoH parasparaparihAreNa avasthAnAdanyatarasyaiva vAstavatvAdubhayAtmakatvamayuktamiti cet-tadayuktam / bAdhe pramANAbhAvAt / anupalambho hi bAdhakaM pramANam / na so'sti| samasteSu vastuSvanekAntAtmakatvasya syAdvAdino mate suprasiddhatvAdityalam / svarUpa-sambodhana nAmaka grantha meM yaha kahA gayA hai-'jo jJAna se bhinna nahIM, aura na abhinna ( samAna Identical ) hI hai, kisI prakAra vaha bhinna aura abhinna donoM hai, usake

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Aheta-darzanam pUrva meM aura anta meM jJAna hI haiM-ise hI AtmA kahA gayA hai / ' [ yaha spaSTa hai ki caitanya jIva kA svAbhAvika bhAva hai, jIva kI eka vizeSa avasthA jJAna hai- isa avasthA-vizeSa ( jJAna ) me jIva atyanta bhinna nahIM hai| atyanta abhinna bhI vaha nahIM ki jIva ko jJAna hI kaha deM / taba ? donoM hI somAe' ( Extremes ) abhinna aura bhinna sAtha-sAtha usameM haiM / jIva meM apane dRSTikoNa se jJAnavattA hai isalie vaha jJAna se abhinna hai, dUsaroM ke dRSTikoNa se ajJAnavattA hai isalie jJAna se vaha bhinna bhI hai| pUrvAparIbhUta jJAna kA artha hai--'jJAna kA pravAha' yahI AtmA hai| 'kathaMcana' kA prayoga batalAtA hai ki sattA anekAnta ( bahuta-sI saMbhAvanAoM se yukta ) hai|] ____ aba koI zaMkA kara sakatA hai-'bheda aura abheda eka dUsare kA parihAra ( virodha ) karate hue avasthita haiM isalie vAstava meM donoM meM se koI eka hI ho sakatA hai, donoM honA asaMgata hai|' [ to hamArA uttara hai ki ] aisI zaMkA nirAdhAra hai, kyoMki isake bAdhaka ( Contrary ) meM pramANa nahIM miltaa| kisI vastu kI aprApti ko hI bAdhaka pramANa kahate haiM, yahA~ para aprApti hai hI nhiiN| kAraNa yaha hai ki syAdvAda kA siddhAnta mAnanevAle ( jainoM ) ke mata se sabhI vastuoM meM anekAntAtmakatA hai-yahI kahanA paryApta hai| vizeSa-jainoM kA eka viziSTa siddhAnta hai--anekAntavAda, jisakA artha hai ki kisI vastu kA koI rUpa nizcita nahIM, sabhI vastueM anizcita haiM-sattA-asattA donoM haiM, ise saptabhaGgI naya ke dvArA ve vyakta karate haiN| isameM syAt ( kathaMcit ) zabda kA prayoga hone ke kAraNa jainoM ko syAdvAdI bhI kahate haiN| anekAntavAda ko apanAne ke kAraNa jainoM meM sabhI taraha ke siddhAntoM ko apanAne kI paramparA hai / ve sabhI vicAroM kA Adara karate haiN| isakI vivecanA isI darzana meM Age hogii| isI siddhAnta ke kAraNa yahA~ para jIva meM jJAna se bhitratA aura abhinnatA donoM mAnate haiM / yahI bheda aura abheda donoM kI eka sAtha upalabdhi nahIM hotii| tabhI uparyukta zaMkA ho sakatI thii| anekAntavAda mAnane ke bAda yaha saba vicAra miTa jAtA hai| ( 19. pA~ca tattva-dUsarA mata ) apare punarjIvAjIvayoraparaM prapaJcamAcakSate jIvAkAzadharmAdharmapudgalAstikAyabhedAt / eteSu paJcasu tattveSu kAlatrayasambandhitayA astIti sthitivyapadezaH / anekapradezatvena shriirvtkaayvypdeshH| dUsare ( jaina-dArzanika ) loga aba jIva aura ajIva ( = uparyukta bhedIkaraNa ) kA eka dUsarA hI prapaJca ( vistAra, vargIkaraNa ) karate haiM jinake anusAra [ ye pAMca | astikAya ( padArtha ) haiM--jIva, AkAza, dharma, adharma aura pudgala / ina pA~ca nattvoM kA sambandha cUMki tInoM kAloM ( bhUta, vartamAna, bhaviSyat ) se hai ( = tInoM kAloM meM ye sthita haiM ) isalie 'asti' zabda ke dvArA inakI sthiti ( Existence sattA ) kA bodha karAyA 9 sa0 saM0

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe jAtA hai| usI taraha, aneka sthAnoM meM rahane ke kAraNa, zarIra kI bhA~ti, inakA bodha 'kAya' zabda ge hotA hai| [ inake astikAya nAma par3ane kA kAraNa batalAyA jA rahA hai ki 'asti' me kAla kA bodha hotA hai 'kAya' meM deza kA / koI bhI vastu kisI na kisI deza yA kAla ( Time or Space ) meM rahatI hai| 'astikAya' zabda darzana ke antastala kA sparka karanevAlA hai jisameM vastuoM ke do vyApaka tattvoM kA bodha karAne kI mAmartha hai / ] tatra jIvA dvividhAH, saMsAriNo muktAzca / bhavAdbhavAntaraprAptimantaH saMsAriNaH / te ca dvividhAH--samanaskA, amanaskAzca / tatra saMjJinaH smnskaaH| zikSAkriyA''lApagrahaNarUpA saMjJA / tdvidhuraastvmnskaaH| te cAmanaskA dvividhAH, sasthAvarabhedAt / tatra dvIndriyAdayaH zaGkagaNDolakaprabhRtayaH caturvidhAstrasAH / pRthivyaptejovAyuvanaspatayaH sthAvarAH / ___ jIva do prakAra ke haiM-saMsArI aura mukta / eka janma ( bhava ) se dUsare janma kI prApti karanevAle jIva saMsArI kahalAte haiN| ve bhI do prakAra ke haiM--samanaska aura amanaska / unameM saMjJAyukta jIva samanaska haiN| [ saMjJA se loga khAne-pIne Adi kI cetanatA samajhate haiM jo pazuoM meM bhI hai, lekina jaina loga ime mImita artha meM lete haiN| ] zikSA ( dusaroM kA upadeza ), kriyA, AlApa, ( vAtacIta ) kA grahaNa karanA hI saMjJA hai| [ saMjJA me gandharva, manuSya Adi kA hI grahaNa hotA hai kyoMki ye hI dUsaroM ke guNa-doSa ke vicAra meM nipuNa haiM / pazu-pakSiyoM meM kucha hI aise haiM jaise-hAthI, ghor3A, bandara, suggA Adi / ] amanaska jIva saMjJA se rahita haiM, jinake do bheda haiM-trasa aura sthAvara / unameM do indriyA~ Adi se yukta zaMkha, gaNDolaka ( gaNDakI kA eka patthara ) Adi cAra prakAra ke jIva trasa haiM / pRthivI, jala, teja ( agni ), vAyu aura vanaspati sthAvara haiM / vizepa-ama kA artha sAmAnyataH loga gatizIla ( Locomotive ) aura sthAvara kA artha agatizIla ( Immovable ) lete haiN| lekina ApAtataH pratIta hone para bhI unakA yaha artha nahIM hai| trasa aura sthAvara donoM hI vizeSa prakAra ke karmoM ke bodhaka haiN| ina karmoM se hI koI jIva janma lekara sthAvara hotA hai, koI trasa / zubha aura azubha donoM taraha ke karmoM kA nAma trasa hai| prAyaH azubha karma kA nAma thAvara hai| trasa karma ke udaya hone se jo jIva janma lete haiM, ve trasa haiM, sthAvara karma ke udaya se sthAvara jIva janma lete haiN| trama jIvoM ke cAra prakAra haiM-(1) dvIndriya ( sparza aura rasana kI indriyoM se gagana ) jaise- zaMkha, gaNDolaka, zukti ( sIpI ), kRmi ( kITa ) Adi / (2) trIndriya ( sarga, ramana aura ghrANa )-pipIlikA ( cIMTI ), yUka ( joMka ) Adi / ( 3 ) caturindriya ( Upara ke tIna tathA cakSu )-daMza, mazaka ( macchara ), bhramara Adi / ( 4 )

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Arhata-darzanam 131 paJcendriya ( karNa bhI ) - manuSya, pazu, pakSI Adi / sthAvara jIvoM ke bheda aba batalAveMge / smaraNIya hai ki samanaska kevala trasa hI hote haiM, unameM bhI pA~ca indriyoMvAle hI / tatra mArgagatadhUli : pRthivI / iSTakAdiH pRthivIkAyaH / pRthivI kAyatvena yena gRhItA saH pRthivIkAyikaH / pRthivIM kAyatvena yo grahISyati sa pRthivI jIvaH / evamabAdiSvapi bhedacatuSTayaM yojyam / tatra pRthivyAdi kAyatvena gRhItavanto grahISyantazca sthAvarA gRhyante na pRthivyAdipRthivIkAyAdayaH / teSAmajIvatvAt / te ca sthAvarAH sparzanai kendriyAH / bhavAntaraprAptividhurA muktAH / [ yahA~ para eka vibhAjana kareM - ] mArga kI dhUli pRthivI hai, IMTa Adi ( pASANa bhI ) pRthivIkAya haiM ( kyoMki ye mare hue AdamI ke kAya kI taraha sthita haiM ) / pRthivI ko kAMya ke rUpa meM jisane grahaNa kara liyA vaha pRthivIkAyika hai, pRthivI ko kAya ke rUpa meM jo grahaNa karegA vaha pRthivIjIva hai / isI prakAra jala ( ap = Apa: ) Adi maiM bhI bAra-bAra bheda kara leM / pRthivI Adi ko kAya ke rUpa meM jinhoMne grahaNa kara liyA hai yA jo grahaNa kareMge, ve jIva hI sthAvara jIva haiM ( arthAt pRthivIkAyika, apkAyika, tejaHkAyika Adi aura pRthivIjIva, abjIva, tejojIva Adi hI jIva --sthAvara jIvahaiM ) / pRthivIM ( apa, teja ) Adi tathA pRthivIkAya ( apkAya, tejaH kAya ) Adi sthAvara - jIva nahIM hai, kyoMki inameM jIva hI nahIM hai / [ abhiprAya yaha hai ki pahale donoM varga sthAvara jIva meM nahIM Ate / sthAvara jIva kahane se pichale donoM vargoM (kAyika jIva ) kAhI grahaNa hotA hai / ] ina sabhI sthAvara jIvoM kI eka hI indriya -- kevala sparzana hotI hai| mukta jIva ve haiM, jo dUsarA janma nahIM pAte / [ isa prakAra saMsArI aura mukta kA varNana karake jIvatattva kA varNana samApta huA / ] .. dharmAdharmAkAzAstikAyAH te ekatvazAlino niSkriyAzca dravyasya dezAntaraprAptihetavaH / tatra dharmAdhamau prasiddhau / AlokenAvacchinne nabhasi lokAkAzapadavedanIye tayoH sarvatrAvasthitiH / gatisthityupagraho dharmAdharmayorupakAraH / ataeva dharmAstikAyaH pravRttyanumeyaH / adharmAstikAyaH sthityanumeyaH / anyavastupradezamadhye'nyasya vastunaH pravezo'vagAhaH / tadAkAzakRtyam / dharma, adharma aura AkAza ke astikAya ekatva se yukta ( eka bhedavAle ) haiM, kriyAhIna haiM, dravya ko dUsare sthAna meM le jAnevAle haiM / dharma aura adharma to prasiddha hI haiM / Aloka ( prakAza ) se vyApta AkAza meM, jise 'lokAkAza' zabda se samajhate haiM, vahA~ una donoM kI avasthiti sarvatra hai / kramazaH gati aura sthiti ke grahaNa se dharma aura adharma kA upakAra

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132 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe hotA hai (= grahaNa hotA hai ) / isalie dharma-astikAya (padArtha) kA anumAna pravRtti ( gati Motion ) dekhakara karate haiM, adharma-astikAya sthiti ( Rest ) se anumeya hai / eka vastu ke sthAna meM dUsarI vastu kA praveza honA 'avagAha' hai, yahI AkAza kA kAma hai| vizeSa-jisa prakAra jIva aura pudgala ke kaI bheda haiM, usa taraha dharma, adharma aura AkAza meM bheda nahIM hote-ye akele hI haiM ( A AkAzAdekadravyANi, ta0 sU0 5 / 6) / bAharI yA bhItarI kisI bhI kAraNa se padArtha meM koI vizeSa avasthA utpanna ho jAye, jisase padArtha ( yA dravya ) dUsare sthAna meM pahu~ca jAye-isI kA nAma 'kriyA' hai / uparyukta tInoM astikAya kriyA se bhI rahita haiM, jyoM-ke-tyoM rahate haiM / hA~, ye jIvoM aura pudgaloM meM kriyA ( dezAntara-prApti ) utpanna karane ke kAraNa hote haiM / __ AkAza ke do rUpa haiM-lokAkAza aura alokAkAza / loka se sambaddha AkAza lokAkAza hai| isI meM dharma aura adharma rahate haiM, inake bhI pudgala hote haiN| dharmAdharma se AkAza vaisA hI vyApta hai jaisA tela se tila rahatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki ye AkAza meM sarvatra haiM, koI sthAna inase khAlI nahIM hai (dharmAdharmayoH kRtsne, ta0 sa0 5213) / upagraha aura upakAra donoM grahaNa (Apprehension ) ke artha meM liye gaye haiN| jIva ke dvArA gRhIta gati kA nAma dharma hai, sthiti kA nAma adharma / yoM donoM kI sthiti sarvatra hotI hai / isa para abhyaMkarajI ne dRSTAnta diyA hai-jaise machalI kI gati hone para jala sAdhAraNa avasthA meM rahatA hai usI taraha jIvoM kI gati hone para dhrm| phira, jaise ghor3e kI sthiti hone para pRthivI sAdhAraNa avasthA meM rahatI hai usI taraha jIvoM kI sthiti meM adharma bhI rahatA hai| gati aura sthiti jIva ke vizeSa parivartanoM ke nAma haiN| dharma aura adharma ko hama dekha nahIM sakate, kevala jIva kI gati aura sthiti dekhakara unakA anumAna bhara ho sakatA hai| sparzarasagandhavarNavantaH pudgalAH ( ta0 sU0 5 / 24 ) / te ca dvividhAHaNavaH skandhAzca / bhoktumazakyA aNavaH / dvayaNukAdayaH skndhaaH| tatra dvayaNukAdiskandhabhedAt aNvAdirutpadyate / aNvAdisaGghAtAd dvayaNakAdirutpadyate / kvacid bhedasaGghAtAbhyAM skandhotpattiH ( ta0 sU0 5 / 26 ) / ataeva pUrayanti galantIti pudgalAH / ___sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa ( rUpa ) se yukta pudgala hote haiN| ve do prakAra ke haiMaNu ( Atomic ) aura skandha ( Compound ) / [ atyanta sUkSma hone ke kAraNa, grahaNa, dhAraNa, nikSepaNa Adi ke na hone se ] aNuoM kA upabhoga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yaNuka ( do aNuoM se banA huA ) se Arambha karake skandha hote haiM / dvayaNuka Adi skandhoM kA ( vizleSaNa Analysis ) karane para aNu Adi utpanna hote haiN| aNu Adi ke samUha

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Aheta-darzanam ( Synthesis ) se dvayaNuka Adi hote haiN| kabhI-kabhI skandha kI utpatti vizleSaNa aura saMghAta donoM ke prayoga se hotI hai| isalie bharane ( milane, pa+Nic ) yA pRthakpRthak hone (/gala ) ke kAraNa inheM pudgala kahate haiM / vizeSa-pudgala ke lakSaNa meM prAcIna pustakoM meM 'gandha' nahIM diyA gayA hai--jisakA anuvAda kaoNvela ne bhI kiyA hai para sUtra meM 'gandha' kA prayoga hai| sparza ke ATha bheda haiMkaThora, mRdu, laghu, guru, zIta, uSNa, snigdha, rUkSa / rasa pA~ca prakAra kA hai-tikta, kaTa, kaSAya, amla, madhura / gandha do prakAra kI hai--surabhi, asurabhi / varNa ke pA~ca bheda haiMkRSNa, nIla, lohita, pIta, zukla / ___ aNu = / aN se, artha hai-sparzAdi avasthAoM ke utpAdana meM samartha hai, aisA jise kahate haiM / skandha = / skandha se, artha-grahaNa, nikSepaNa Adi vyApAroM kA upayogI / ye donoM hI pudgaloM kI vizeSa avasthAoM ke nAma haiM / prakRti meM aNu, phira skandha / dvayaNukAdi skandhoM kA vizleSaNa karane para anta meM pudgaloM ko aNu-avasthA ( pariNAma ) meM pahu~cate haiM / aNuoM ko milAne para pudgaloM kI skandhAvasthA meM pahu~cate haiN| kabhI-kabhI bheda aura saMghAta donoM karane para skandha-pariNAma kI prApti hotI hai, jaise dvayaNuka = tryaNuka kA vizleSaNa yA, dvayaNuka = aNuoM kA saMghAta / (20. kAla bhI eka dravya hai ) kAlasyAnekapradezatvAbhAvena astikAyatvAbhAve'pi dravyatvamasti / tallakSaNayogAt / taduktaM-guNaparyAyavad dravyam (ta0 sU0 5 / 38 ) iti| dravyAzrayA nirguNA guNAH ( ta0 sU0 5 // 39) / yathA jIvasya jJAnatvAdidharmarUpAH, pudgalasya ruuptvaadisaamaanysvbhaavaaH| dharmAdharmAkAzakAlAnAM yathAsambhavaM gatisthityavagAhavartanAhetutvAdisAmAnyAni gunnaaH| tasya dravyasyoktarUpeNa bhavanaM paryAyaH / utpAdastadbhAvaH pariNAmaH paryAya iti paryAyAH / yathA jIvasya ghaTAdijJAnasukhaklezAdayaH / pudgalasya mRtpinnddghttaadyH| dharmAdInAM gtyaadivishessaaH| ataeva SaD dravyANIti prsiddhiH| ____ yadyapi kAla ( Time ) aneka sthAnoM meM avasthita na hone ke kAraNa astikAya nahIM hai phira bhI yaha dravya ( Substance tattva) hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki dravya ke lakSaNa isameM lagate haiM / kahA hai ki guNa aura paryAya ( = karma-hemacandra ) se yukta dravya hotA hai ( tattva sU0 5 / 381 ) dravya meM rahanevAle kintu svayaM guNa dhAraNa na karanevAle ko guNa (Qualities) kahate haiM / udAharaNArtha, jIva ke guNa, jJAnatva Adi dharmoM ke rUpa meM haiM, pudgala 1. dekhie vaizeSika sUtra-( 1 / 1 / 15 ) /

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sarvadarzanasaMgraheke [ guNa ] rUpatva ( varNa ) Adi sAmAnya svabhAva haiM / dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ke [ guNa ] yathAsambhava gati ( dharma-guNa ), sthiti ( adharma-guNa), avagAha ( AkAza-guNa ) aura vartanAhetutva ( = kisI vizeSa avasthA meM rahanA, kAla-guNa) Adi ke sAmAnya usa dravya kA uparyukta rUpa se ( = bhinna-bhinna avasthAoM meM jAkara ) honA paryAya ( Action ) kahalAtA hai| [ dravya ke ] paryAya ye haiM-utpAda ( utpatti Production ), tadbhAva ( sattA Existence: ), pariNAma ( Development ) aura paryAya ( Action ) / jaise jIva ke [ paryAya ] ghaTa Adi kA jJAna, sukha, kleza Adi haiM; pudgala ke [ paryAya ] miTTI kA piNDa, ghaTa Adi haiM, dharmAdi ke [ paryAya ] gati Adi ke vizeSa ( sAmAnya nahIM, kyoMki vaha guNa meM rahatA hai ) haiN| isIlie prasiddhi hai ki dravya chaha haiM ( pA~ca astikAya+kAla ) / vizeSa-dravya kA yahI lakSaNa naiyAyikoM ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai / antara yahI hai ki jaina 'paryAya' kA prayoga karate haiM, naiyAyika 'karma' kA / hemacandra ne paryAya ko karma bhI kahA hai / eka sthAna para ( abhidhAnaratnamAlA, 1503 meM ) use yoM kahA hai-paryAyo'nukramaH kramaH / aba dravyalakSaNa kI vyAkhyA kareM jisa dharma ke calate eka dravya dUsare dravya se bhinna kiyA jAtA hai ( Distinguished ) dravya meM nivAsa karanevAlA vaha dharma guNa hai, jaise jJAnatva / isI se jIva-dravya kA bheda pudgalAdi dravyoM se kiyA jAtA hai| pudgala-dravya ko rUpatva ke calate dUsare dravyoM se pRthak karate haiN| to, yahA~ jJAna, rUpa Adi guNa haiM / dravya kI vizeSa avasthA kA nAma paryAya hai, jo kramazaH utpanna hotI hai| jaise jIva meM ghaTajJAna, paTajJAna, krodha, mAna ityAdi aura pudgala meM zveta, kRSNa Adi / ye dekhane meM guNa-jaisA lagate haiM / bhrama meM na pdd'eN| paryAya dravya ka avasthA-vizeSa kA nAma hai, ataH guNa bhI usameM rahate haiN| vRhad dravyasaMgraha nAmaka grantha meM donoM kI paribhASA aisI dI gaI haiM-( 1 ) sahabhAvI dharmo gunnH| (2) kramabhAvI paryAyaH / dravya ke sAtha honevAle dharma ko gRNa kahate haiM jaise jIva kA guNa-upayoga, pudgala kA guNa-grahaNa karanA, dharmAstikAya kA guNa-gati utpanna karanA, adharmAstikAya kA-sthiti utpanna karanA, kAla kA guNa-sattA utpanna karanA Adi / dravya ke sAtha-sAtha guNa utpanna hote haiN| krama ( Succession ) nahIM hotaa| dUsarI ora krama se utpanna honevAle, dravya ke bAda AnevAle paryAya haiN| jIva ke paryAya naraka Adi; pudgala ke rUpa, rasa, sparzAdi, dharma, adharma aura AkAza kA paryAya abhivyakti hai| kAla kA guNa hai-vartanAhetutva / vartana kA artha hai--dravya kA bhinna-bhinna rUpoM tathA avasthAoM meM rahanA / cAvala bhAna ke rUpa meM, dUdha dahI ke rUpa meM, bIja aMkura, kANDa,

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Arhata-darzanam 135 pattA, phUla, phala ke rUpa meM, navIna vastu jIrNa-zIrNa vastu ke rUpa meM - yaha saba kAla ke kAraNa hI hotA hai / ( 21. sAta tattva- - tIsarA mata ) kecana sapta tattvAnIti varNayanti / tadAha-jIvAjI vAtravabandhasamvaranirjaramokSAstattvAni ( ta0 sU0 114 ) iti / tatra jIvAjIvau nirUpitau / Asravo nirUpyate - audArikAdikAyAdicalanadvAreNa AtmanazcalanaM yogapadavedanIyamAstravaH / yathA salilAvagAhi dvAraM jalAdyAsravaNakAraNatvAdAnava iti nigadyate, tathA yogapraNADikayA karmAsravatIti sa yoga AsravaH / kucha loga ( jaina dArzanika ) sAta tattvoM kA varNana karate haiM / yaha bAta | sUtrakAra bhI ] kahate haiM---jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ye tattva haiM (na sU0 14 ) / unameM jIva aura ajIva kA nirUpaNa to ho cukA hai ( dekhiye - anuccheda 18 ) / aba Asrava kA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai- audArika Adi kAyoM tathA dUsare sAdhanoM ( = mana aura vacana ) ke calane se AtmA kA calanA, jise yoga bhI kahate haiM, Asrava hai / jisa prakAra pAnI meM DUbA huA [ kisI nalI kA ] cheda Asrava kahalAtA hai kyoMki jalAdi kA isI se hokara AsravaNa ( giranA, bahanA ) hotA hai, usI prakAra yoga ( = AtmA kI caJcalatA ) - rUpI nalI ke dvArA | AtmA yA jIva ] karma kA AsravaNa ( Flow, pravAha, bahanA ) hotA hai, yaha yoga ( jIva kA karma se ba~dhanA ) hI Asrava hai / udAra sthUla, usameM utpanna vizeSa - Asrava ke lakSaNa meM kucha zAstrIya padoM kA prayoga huA hai, unheM dekhA jAya / kAya (zarIra ) ke pAMca bheda haiM- audArika, vaikriyika, AhAraka, tejasa aura kArmaNa / de0 tattvArthAdhigamasUtra ( 236 ) | ye kAya eka kI apekSA dUsare sUkSma se sUkSmatara haiM / audAra = sthUla zarIra se sAdhya karma Adi / audAra jisakA prayojana hai vaha audArika = yaha dRzyamAna sthUla zarIra / vaikriyika isakI apekSA sUkSma hai / vikriyA sAmarthya ke kAraNa anaNu ko aNu banA denA tathA laghu ko mahAna banA denA / vikriyA jisakA prayojana hai vaha vaikriyika = jo dRzya nahIM hai aisA zarIra / AhAraka isase bhI sUkSma hai / AhAraka vaha hai jise Ahata arthAt svIkRta kiyA jAya / sUkSma vastuoM ke parijJAna ke lie ise svIkRta kiyA gayA hai| teja ( agni ) meM utpanna taijasa hai jo AhAraka kI apekSA sUkSma hai / sabase sUkSma kArmaNa hai jisameM zabdAdi bhI prApta nahIM hote / yadyapi pA~coM prakAra ke zarIroM kA hai nimitta karma hI phira bhI rUDhivaza I = = 1. cetanAlakSaNo jIvaH / tadviparyayalakSaNo'jIvaH / zubhAzubhakarmAgamadvAramAtravaH / AtmakarmaNoranyonyAvayavAnupravezo bandhaH / AsravanirodhaH saMvaraH / karmaikadezasaMzrayo nirjarA | kRtsnakarmaviyogo mokSaH -- ityeSAM sAmAnyalakSaNAni ( abhyaGkaraH ) /

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136 sarvadarzanasaMgrahai ( Conventionally ) isase 'kArmaNa' zabda se samajhate haiM / lohe ke piNDa meM agni ke paramANu praveza karate haiM usI taraha tejasa aura kArmaNa vajra Adi meM bhI praveza kara jAte haiM / ina zarIroM ( pA~coM) meM sUkSmatA eka se adhika hai lekina vyApakatA bhI vaisI hI adhika hai / kAyAdi = kAya, mana, vacana | AtmA ke sthAna kA calanA ( dezAntara gamana ) 'yoga' kahalAtA hai / yaha tIna prakAra kA hai kyoMki karma ( jisase yaha utpanna hotA hai ) tIna prakAra kA hI hai-mAnasika, vAcika aura kaayik| to, yoga ke ye bheda haiM- manoyoga, vAgyoga aura kAyayoga / mana ke pariNAma kI ora abhimukha AtmA ke pradeza ( sthAna ) kA calanA manoyoga hai / vacana ke pariNAma kI ora abhimukha AtmA ke pradeza kA calanA vAgyoga hai / zarIra ke calane se AtmA ke pradeza kA calanA kAyayoga hai / ye yoga hI Asrava haiM / Atma-pradeza kA saMcAlana eka prakAra se nalI kA cheda haiM jisase hokara bAhara se karma ke pudgala AtmA ke pradeza ke bIca cale Ate haiM / yathArdraM vastraM samantAdvAtAnItaM reNujAtamupAdatte, tathA kaSAyajalArdra AtmA yogAnItaM karma sarvapradezairgRhNAti / yathA vA niSTaptAyaHpiNDo jale kSipto'mbhaH samantAd gRhNAti tathA kaSAyoSNo jIvo yogAnItaM karma samantAdAdatte / karSAti hinasti AtmAnaM kugatiprApaNAditi kaSAyaH, krodho mAno mAyA lobhazca / = [ Asrava ke aura bhI dRSTAnta dete haiM- ] jisa prakAra bhIMgA kapar3A cAroM ora se havA dvArA lAI gaI dhUli ke samUha ko pakar3a letA hai usI prakAra kaSAyarUpI jala se bhIMgI huI AtmA yoga ke dvArA lAye gaye karma ko sabhI sthAnoM se grahaNa karatI hai / athavA jisa prakAra khUba garma kiyA gayA lohe kA Tukar3A pAnI meM DAle jAne para cAroM ora se pAnI khIMcatA hai, usI prakAra kaSAya se uSNa jIva yoga ke dvArA lAye karma ko cAroM ora se khIMca letA hai / [ kapAya kA nirvacana - ] jo kaSaNa kare = AtmA ko burI avasthA meM le jAkara usakA hanana kare, vaha kaSAya hai / ( kaS ) jaise - krodha, mAna ( ahaMkAra ), mAyA ( Delusion ) aura lobha / saH dvividhaH zubhAzubhabhedAt / atrAhiMsAdiH zubhaH kAyayogaH / satyaM - mitahitabhASaNAdiH zubho vAgyogaH / arhatsiddhAcAryopAdhyAya sAdhunAmadheyapaJcaparameSThibhaktitaporucizrutavinayAdiH zubho manoyogaH / etadviparItastvazubha: trividho yogaH /

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137 Aheta-darzanam tadetadAsravabhedaprabhedajAtaM, 'kAyavAGmanaHkarmayogaH / sa AsravaH / zubhaH puNyasya / azubhaH pApasya' (ta0 sU0 6 / 1-4) ityAdinA sUtrasandarbheNa sasaMrambhamabhANi / apare tvevaM menire-Asravayati puruSaM viSayeSvindriyapravRttirAnavaH / indriyadvArA hi pauruSaM jyotiH viSayAnspRzad rUpAdijJAnarUpeNa pariNamata iti / usa ( yoga ) ke do bheda haiM-zubha aura ashubh| ahiMsA Adi zubha kAyayoga haiN| satya bolanA, mita ( AvazyakatAnusAra ) bolanA, hita karanevAlI bAteM bolanA Adi zubha vAgyoga hai / arhat, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu nAmaka ina pAMca parameSThiyoM meM bhakti rakhanA, tapasyA meM ruci honA, zAstra ( zruta ) kA zikSaNa ( vinaya ) ityAdi zubha manoyoga haiN| isake viparIta tIna taraha ke azubha yoga haiN| [ prANa lenA, corI karanA, methuna Adi azubha kAyayoga hai / jhUThA, kaThora, asabhya Adi bhASaNa karanA azubha vAgyoga hai / vadha kA cintana, IrSyA, asUyA Adi azubha manoyoga hai| ] Asrava ke ina bheda-prabhedoM kA varNana ina sUtroM meM prayatnapUrvaka kiyA gayA hai-'kAya, vAk aura mana-ye karma ke dvArA yoga ( Atmapradeza saJcalana ) hai / ' yahI Asrava hai|' 'puNya ke lie zubha [ yoga hai ] / pApa ke lie azubha [ yoga ] / ' (ta0 sU0 6 / 1-4) / lekina dUsare loga aisA mAnate haiM-'jo puruSa ko viSayoM kI ora bahAkara le 'jAya arthAt indriyoM kI pravRtti, use hI Asrava kahate haiN|' indriyoM ke dvArA hI puruSoM kI jyoti viSayoM kA sparza karatI hai tathA rUpAdi ke jJAna ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtI hai| (21 ka. bandha kA nirUpaNa ) mithyAdarzanAviratipramAdakaSAyavazAdyogavazAccAtmA sUkSmaikakSetrAvagAhinAmanantapradezAnAM pudagalAnAM karmabandhayogyAnAmAdAnamupazleSaNaM yatkaroti sa bandhaH / taduktaM-sakaSAyatvAjjIvaH karmabhAvayogyAnpudgalAnAdatte sa bandhaH ( ta0 sU0 8 / 2) iti / ____ jaba mithyA-darzana, avirati ( Asakti ), pramAda ( asAvadhAnI ) aura kaSAya ( pApa ) ke kAraNa tathA yoga ke bhI kAraNa AtmA una pudgaloM kA AdAna arthAt AliMgana karatI hai jo pudgala ( zarIra, Matter ) apane sUkSma kSetra (rUpa ) meM praveza karate haiM, ananta (sabhI ) sthAnoM meM nivAsa karate haiM tathA [ apane pUrvakRta ] karmoM ke bandhana meM pakane lAyaka hote haiM--isI kriyA kA nAma bandha ( Bondage ) hai| yaha kahA bhI hai--'sakaSAya rahane ke kAraNa jIva [ apane pahale ke kiye hue ] karmoM ke bhAva ( pariNAma ) ke anukUla pudgaloM ( zarIroM) ko grahaNa karatA hai, vahI bandha hai ( ta0 sU0 8 / 2) /

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ( 22. bandhana ke kAraNa ) tatra kaSAyagrahaNaM sarvabandhahetUpalakSaNArtham / bandhahetUnpapATha vAcakAcAryaH mithyAdarzanAviratipramAdakaSAyayogA bandhahetavaH ( ta0 sU0 811 ) iti / 138 yahA~ ( uparyukta uddharaNa meM ) 'kaSAya' zabda bandhana ke sAre kAraNoM kA upalakSaNa ( bAdhaka ) hai / vAcakAcArya ( umAsvAti ) ne bandha ke hetuoM ko isa prakAra nirUpita kiyA hai - mithyAdarzana ( False intuition jhUThA vizvAsa ), avirati ( Non-indifference ), pramAda ( lAparavAhI Garelessness ), kaSAya ( pApa Sin ) tathA yoga ( Influx ) --bandha ke hetu haiM ( ta0 sU0 811 ) | mithyAdarzanaM dvividhaM - mithyAkarmodayAtparopadezAnapekSaM tattvAzraddhAnaM naisargikamekam / aparaM paropadezajam / pRthivyAdiSaT kopAdAnaM SaDindriyAsaMyamanaM cAviratiH / paJcasamititriguptiSvanutsAhaH pramAdaH / kaSAyaH krodhAdiH / tatra kaSAyAntAH sthityanubhavabandhahetavaH prakRtipradezabandha heturyoga iti vibhAgaH / [ka] mithyAdarzana do prakAra kA hai -- mithyA karmoM kA udaya hone para, dUsaroM ke upadeza ke binA hI prAkRtika rUpa se [ jaina- dArzanikoM ke ] tattvoM para zraddhA na rakhanA eka eka prakAra kA [ mithyAdarzana ] hai, dUsarA prakAra vaha hai jisameM dUsaroM ( anya sampradAyoM ) ke upadeza se [ jainadarzana meM azraddhA ] utpanna hotI hai / [ kha ] pRthvI Adi ( = pRthivI, jala, agni, vAyu, sthAvara, jaMgama - pudgala astikAya ) chaha padArthoM kA upAdAna ( grahaNa ) tathA chaha indriyoM kA saMyamana na karanA avirati hai / [vita - inheM tyAga benA, akriti - nahIM tvAnanA-isase bandhana hotA hai / ] [ga] pA~ca samitiyoM aura tIna guptiyoM [ ke prayoga ] kA prayAsa na karanA pramAda hai / [ pA~ca samitiyoM aura tIna guptiyoM kA varNana abhI turanta kiyA jAyagA / karmapudgaloM ke praveza se apanI rakSA karanA 'gupti' hai / kAmagupti, vAggupti aura manogupti---ye tIna bheda haiM / prANiyoM ko pIr3A na dete hue vyavahAra rakhanA 'samiti' hai jisake IrSyA, bhASA, eSaNA, AdAna, utsarga Adi bheda haiM / dekheM - anu0 23 ] | [gha] krodhAdi kaSAya hai [ Adi = mAna, mAyA, lobha ] / yahA~ eka vibhAjana ( Distinction ) karanA par3atA hai ki kaSAya taka ke cAroM hetu ( = mithyAdarzana Adi ) 1. upalakSaNa = eka padArtha kA apane sadRza anya padArthoM kA bodha karAnA / udAharaNArtha 'kAbhyo dadhi rakSyatAm' ke 'kAka' zabda dadhi ke vinAzaka anya jIvoM kA bhI upalakSaNa hai / dahI ko kaue se bacAnA billI, bAnara Adi sabhI jIvoM se bacAnA /

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Aheta-darzanam sthiti aura anubhava ke vacanoM ke kAraNa haiM jaba ki yoga ( yA Asrava ) prakRti aura pradeza ke bandhanoM kA kAraNa hai| ( 22. ka bandhana ke bheda ) bandhazcaturvidha ityuktaM, prakRti,sthityanubhavapradezAstadvidhayaH ( ta0 sU0 833 ) iti / yathA nimbaguDAdestiktatvamadhuratvAdisvabhAva evamAvaraNIyasya jJAnadarzanAvaraNatvam AdityaprabhAcchAdakAmbhodharavatpradIpaprabhAtirodhAyakakumbhavacca / sadasaveMdanIyasya sukhaduHkhotpAdakatvamasidhArAmadhulehanavat / Upara jo cAra prakAra kA hetu kahA gayA hai | use sUtra meM kahA hai- ] 'prakRti-bandha, sthiti-bandha tathA pradeza-bandha-ye usa ( bandha ) ke prakAra haiM / ' (ta0 sU0 8 / 3) aba ina cAroM bandhoM kA kramazaH nirUpaNa karate hue pahale pratibandha ke ATha bhedoM kA varNana hogaa| ye bheda haiM--(1) jJAnAvaraNa, ( 2 ) darzanAvaraNa, ( 3 ) vedanIya, ( 4 ) mohanIya, ( 5 ) AyuH, ( 6 ) nAma, ( 7 ) gotra, (8 ) antarAya / ye ATha prakAra ke karma haiM / inase hI vyakti bandhana meM par3atA hai / ] jisa prakAra nIma, gur3a, Adi meM titAI ( Bittorness ), miThAsa Adi svabhAva ke rUpa meM hai, usI prakAra ( AvaraNIya ) karma meM jJAna aura darzana kA AvaraNa karanA svabhAva hai / dRSTAnta ke lie sUrya ke prakAza ko DhaMkanevAle megha aura dIpaka ke prakAza ko chipAnevAle ghar3e ko leN| [ sUrya ke prakAza kA megha dvArA AvRta honA jJAnAvaraNa kA dRSTAnta hai jisameM vastu kA svarUpa jJAta nahIM hotA, jJAtRtva-zakti DhaMka jAtI hai| darzanAvaraNa ke dRSTAnta meM dIpaka ke prakAza kA chipanA hai jisameM vastu ko dekhane kI zakti chipa jAtI hai| sat aura asat ke rUpa se jJeya padArtha kA ( eka sAtha hI ) sukha-duHkha ko utpanna karanA [ vedanIya karma hai ] jisake dRSTAnta meM talavAra kI dhAra para vartamAna madhu kA cATanA hai / ( eka hI sAtha sukha aura duHkha donoM haiM ) kyoMki talavAra kI dhAra se jIbha kaTa jAnA duHkha, hai, madhu kA cATanA sukha / yahI vedanIya karma hai = sukha + duHkha kA saMvedana / ____darzane mohanIyasya tattvArthAzraddhAnakAritvaM durjanasaGgavat ? cAritre mohanIyasyAsaMyamahetutvaM madyamadavat / AyuSo dehabandhanakartRkaM jalavat / nAmno vicitranAmakAritvaM citrikavat / gotrasyoccanIcakAritvaM kumbhakAravat / dAnAdInAM vighnanidAnatvamantarAyasya svabhAvaH koSAdhyakSavat / so'yaM prakRtibandho'STavidho dravyakarmAvAntarabhedamUlaprakRtivedanIyaH / tathAvocadumAsvAtivAcakAcAryaH-AdyojJAnadarzanAvaraNavedanIyamohanIyAyurnAmagotrAntarAyAH ( ta0 sU0 8 / 4) iti /

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140 sarvadarzanasaMgrahetabhedaM ca samagRhNAtpaJca-nava-dvayaSTAviMzati-caturdvicatvAriMzad-dvi-paJcabhedA yathAkramam ( ta0 sU0 815) iti / etacca sarva vidyAnandAdibhivivRtamiti vistarabhayAnna prastUyate / [mohanIya karma darzana aura caritra donoM meM moha utpanna karatA hai| ] darzana meM mohanIya-karma kA svabhAva hai tattvArtha meM azraddhA utpanna kara denA, jaise duSToM ke saMga se hotA hai / cAritra meM mohanIya kA svabhAva hai asaMyama utpanna karanA, jaisA madirA kA nazA (mada) se hotA hai| Ayu- karma zArIrika bandhana meM DAlatA hai, jaise jala [ tairane meM zarIra ko dhAraNa karatA hai usI prakAra Ayukarma bhI dehadhAraNa karatA hai / ] nAma-karma se vibhinna nAma utpanna hote haiM, jaise citrakAra [vibhinna citra banAtA hai| gotra-karma se UMcA (vaMza) aura nIcA kI bhAvanA AtI hai, jisa taraha kumbhakAra [ ghar3e meM UMcA aura nIcA sthAna banAtA hai| ] antarAya-karma kA svabhAva hai dAnAdi ke kAmoM meM vighna DAlanA, jisa prakAra koSAdhyakSa [ rAjA ko mitavyayitA kA pATha par3hAkara dAnAdi se rokatA hai ] isa prakAra yaha prakRti bandhana ATha taraha kA hai, ise mUla-prakRti bhI kahate haiM tathA dravyoM ke [ dharma aura adharma nAmaka ] karmoM ke anusAra isameM antara bheda ( Sub-divisons ) hote haiM / aisA hI umAsvAtivAcakAcArya ne kahA bhI hai-pahale bandha ( prakRti bandha ) meM jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra tathA antarAya-ye bheda haiM / (ta0 sU0 8 / 4) / ___ inake bhedoM kI bhI saMkhyA unhoMne dI hai ki kramazaH inake bhI pAMca (jJAnAvaraNa ), nava ( darzanAvaraNa ), do ( vedanIya ) , aTThAIsa ( mohanIya ), cAra ( Ayu ), bayAlIsa ( nAma ), do ( gotra ), tathA pA~ca ( antarAya ) bheda hote haiM / (ta0 sU0 8 / 5 ) / isakA pUrA vivaraNa vidyAnandina Adi ne [ tattvArthAdhigamasUtra kI TIkAoM meM diyA hai isalie vistAra ke Dara se yahA~ nahIM diyA jA rahA hai / yathA'jAgomahiSyAdikSIrANAmetAvantamanehasaM mAdhuryasvabhAvAdapracyutistathA jJAnAvaraNAdInAM mUlaprakRtInAmAditastisRNAmantarAyasya ca triMzatsAgaropamakoTikoTayaH parA sthitiH (ta0 sU0 8 / 14) ityAdhuktakAlA durdAntavatsvIyasvabhAvAdapracyutiH sthitiH|| yathA'jAgomahiSyAdikSIrANAM tIvamandAdibhAvena svakAryakaraNe sAmarthyavizeSo'nubhAvaH tathA karmapudgalAnAM svakAryakaraNe sAmarthyavizeSo'nubhAvaH / karmabhAvapariNata-pudgalaskandhAnAmanantAnanta-pradezAnAmAtmapradezAnupravezaH prdeshbndhH| sthitibandha-jaise bakarI, gAya, bhaiMsa Adi ke dUdha apane mAdhurya ke svabhAva se kisI nizcita kAla ( anehas = samaya ) taka cyuta nahIM hote ( unameM kisI nizcita samaya taka

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Aheta-darzanam 141 miThAsa rahatI hai ), usI prakAra mUla prakRtiyoM (prakRtibandhoM ) meM prathama tIna jJAnavaraNAdi tathA antarAya ( kula milAkara cAra karmoM ) kA isa sUtra ke anusAra-'utkRSTa sthiti ( = bandha ) kA pariNAma karor3oM-karor3oM tIsa sAgaropama-jaise kAla haiM' -itane samaya taka matavAle ( hAthI ) kI taraha apane svabhAva ko na chor3anA "sthitibandha' hai| [ sthiti do prakAra kI hai--parA aura aparA / parA sthiti utkRSTa hotI hai tathA AThoM karmoM meM pratyeka kI bhinna-bhinna hotI hai| jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya tathA antarAya karmoM kI parA sthiti tIsa sAgaropama-jaise karor3oM samaya taka hotI hai = utane samaya taka inakA apanA svabhAva ( prakRti ) nahIM chuutttaa| 'sAgaropama' eka samaya kI avadhi hai jo bahuta bar3I hai| anya karmoM kI parA sthiti alaga-alaga hotI hai, jaise-mohanIya karma kI sthiti sattara sAgaropama jaise karor3oM karoDoM kAla (ta0 sa0 8 / 15), nAma aura gotra karmoM kI bIsa sAgaropama-jaise karor3oM-karor3oM kAla (16), Ayu karma kI teMtIsa sAgaropama (817), aparA sthiti kA varNana bhI sUtrakAra ne 8 / 18 se Arambha kiyA hai jaise-vedanIya karma kI aparA sthiti bAraha muharta taka hai ityAdi / saMkSepa meM sthiti kA artha hai ThaharanA, apane svabhAva ko na chor3anA / vaha kAla jainoM ke anusAra cAhe jitanA sAgaropama bhI ho| jaise durdAnta ( matavAlA ) hAthI kucha samaya taka apanI prakRti nahIM chor3atA usI prakAra karma bhI apanI prakRti meM sthira rahate haiN| ] anubhavabandha-jaise bakarI, gAya, bhaiMsa Adi ke dUdha meM tIvra, manda Adi svabhAva ke anusAra apane-apane kArya karane kI vizeSa sAmarthya kI utpatti ( anubhAva ) hotI hai usI prakAra karma pudgaloM meM apane kArya karane kI vizeSa sAmarthya utpanna hotI hai / [ yahI anubhavabandha hai|] pradezabandha-karma ke rUpa meM pariNata pudgaloM ( Matters.) ke jo [ dvayaNukAdi ] skandha haiM, jinake ananta sthAna huA karate haiM, unakA ( ananta avayavoMvAle skandhoM kA ) apane avayavoM meM praveza kara jAnA hI pradezabandha hai| vizeSa-kucha dArzanikoM ke anusAra jo sAta tattva hote haiM unameM bandha ( Bondage) cauthA tattva hai| isake bAda pAMcavAM tatva saMvara hai jisakA varNana aba kiyA jaayegaa| bandha cAra prakAra ke haiM-(1) prakRtibandha ( Natural Bondage) jisameM ATha prakAra ke karma haiM / karmoM se hI manuSya ko janma lenA par3atA hai| jainoM kI karmamImAMsA itanI sundara hai ki karmoM se hI ye gotra, nAma, Ayu Adi bhI mAnate haiN| kisI vizeSa prakAra ke karma se hI manuSya kI Ayu nizcita hotI hai, dUsare karma usake gotra ke nirdhAraka hote haiN| kucha karma jJAna ko chipA lete haiM to dUsare karma moha utpanna karate haiN| (2) sthitibandha ( Bondage in Existence ) jisameM koI bhI sthira rahatA hai / isake do bheda haiM-parA aura aparA / ( 3 ) anubhavabandha ( Bondage in Capacity ) jisameM kisI

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142 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe kArya ke karane kI sAmarthya hotI hai, karma ke pudgaloM kI apano zakti, jisase bandhana rahe / ( 4 ) pradezabandha ( Bondage of Entrance ) pudgala ke dvayaNukAdi aneka avayavavAle skandhoM kA apane avayava meM praveza karane se pradezabandha hotA hai / isa prakAra bandha kI vicitra mImAMsA ina logoM ne kI hai| karma ke pudgaloM kA Amrava ( Influx) jaba ruka jAya to use saMvara kahate haiM / ise hI aba vyakta kiyA jAtA hai| ( 23. saMvara aura nirjarA nAmaka tattva ) 1 AnavanirodhaH saMvaraH / yenAtmani pravizatkarma pratiSidhyate sa guptisamityAdiH saMvaraH / saMcArakAraNayogAdAtmano gopanaM guptiH / sA trividhA - kAyavAGmanonigrahabhedAt / prANipIDAparihAreNa samyagayanaM samitiH / seryAbhASAdibhiH pazvadhA / prapazvitaM ca hemacandrAcAryai:32. lokAtivAhite mArge cumbite bhAsvadaMzubhiH / janturakSArthamAlokya gatiroryA matA satAm // 33. anavadyamRtaM sarvajanInaM mitabhASaNam / priyA vAcaMyamAnAM sA bhASAsamitirucyate // Asrava ( AtmA kA calanA, yoga, influx ) kA nirodha ho jAnA ( karma pudgaloM kA AtmA meM praviSTa na honA) saMvara hai| jisase AtmA meM ghusanevAlA karma ruka jAya vaha gupti, samiti Adi se yukta saMvara nAma kA tatva hai / [ AtmA meM karmapudgaloM ke ] saMcAra arthAt praveza kA kAraNa jo yoga ( Asrava ) hai usase AtmA kI rakSA karanA ( gopana ) gupti ( Protection ) hai| isake tIna bheda haiM-- kAya gupti, vAk-gupti tathA mano-gupti ( nigraha = bacanA, gupti ) / prANiyoM kI pIr3A se apane ko bacAte hue acchI taraha vyavahAra karanA samiti ( Right conduct ) hai / IryA, bhASA Adi isake pA~ca bheda haiM / AcArya hemacandra ne isakI vyAkhyA kI hai -- ' jisa mArga para loga khUba calate hoM (jisase bahuta kama jIva-jantu usa para hoM ), sUrya kI kiraNoM se cumbita ho, usa para jantuoM kI rakSA ke lie dekha-bhAla kara calanA, sajjanoM ke lie 'IryAsamiti' hai ( 32 ) / anindya, satya, sabhI janoM ke lie hitakara tathA mita bhASaNa karanA, jo vacana ke saMyamI vyaktiyoM ko priya lage, vaha 'bhASAsamiti' kahalAtI hai ( 33 ) / ' 1. 'anavadyamRtaM' ke sthAna para 'apadyatAM gatam' pATha hai / padya = pAdavedhaka > vedhaka / isalie 'apadyatAM gatam' kA artha hai 'avedhakam vedhAjanakam' jo kisI ko kaSTa na de / athavA, 'apa' kA artha hai gadya / 'gadyatAM gatam' arthAt gadya ke rUpa meM, padya ke rUpa meM nahIM, kyoMki gadya ke bolane aura samajhane meM zIghratA hotI hai / padya meM vaha sukaratA nahIM hai| kaoNvela ne dUsarA hI pATha 'Apadya eta' liyA hai jisase vidhiliG kA artha liyA hai /

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Aheta-darzanam 143 34. dvicatvAriMzatA bhikSAdonityamadUSitam / muniryadannamAdatte saiSaNAsamitirmatA // 35. AsanAdIni saMvIkSya pratiladhya ca ytntaa| gRhNIyAnikSiped dhyAyetsAdAnasamitiH smRtaH // 66. kaphamUtramalaprAyanirjantujagatItale yatnAdyadutsRjetsAdhuH sotsargasamitirbhavet / / ataeva AsravaH srotaso dvAraM saMvRNotIti saMvaraH / iti niraahuH| 'bhikSA ke bayAlIsa doSoM se nitya rUpa se adUSita ( mukta) anna ko muni letA hai, vahI eSaNAsamiti kahalAtI hai ( 34 ) / Asana Adi ko acchI taraha dekhakara yalapUrvaka usa para baiThakara grahaNa karanA, rakhanA tathA dhyAna karanA yaha AdAnasamiti kahI jAtI hai ( 35 ) / jantu se rahita pRthvI para yatnapUrvaka ( sAvadhAnI se ) kapha, mala, mUtra, prAya ( nAsikAmala ) ko jo sAdhu chor3atA hai, vahI utsarga samiti hai ( 36 ) / isalie-Asrava srota ( Pipe ) kA daravAjA hai, use jo DhaMka detA hai ( sam VvR) vahI saMvara hai|' isa prakAra nirvacana ( Etymology ) diyA gayA hai| taduktamabhiyukta:37. Asravo bhavahetuH syAtsaMvaro mokSakAraNam / itIyamAhatI sRSTiranyadasyAH prapaJcanam // jaisA ki vidvAnoM ne kahA hai-'saMsAra meM Ane kA kAraNa Asrava hai aura mokSa kA kAraNa hai saMvara; yahI jainoM ke siddhAnta kA saMkSepa ( sRSTi = sAra ) hai, zeSa bAteM isI kA vistAra (prapaMca ) mAtra haiN| ( 23 ka. nirjarA) ajitasya karmaNastapaHprabhRtibhinirjaraNaM nirjarAkhyaM tttvm| cirakAlapravRttakaSAyakalApaM puNyaM sukhaduHkhe ca dehena jarayati naashyti| kezolluJcanAdikaM tapa ucyate / sA nirjarA dvividhA yathAkAlopakramikabhedAt / tatra prathamA yasminkAle yatkarma phalapradatvenAbhimataM tasminneva kAle phaladAnAd bhavantI nirjarA kAmAdipAkajeti ca jegIyate / yatkarma tapobalAtsvakAmanayodayAvali pravezya prapadyate saupakramikanirjarA / yadAha38. saMsArabIjabhUtAnAM karmaNAM jaraNAdiha / nirjarA sammatA dvadhA sakAmAkAmanirjarA // 39. smRtA sakAmA yaminAmakAmA tvanyadehinAm // iti /

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe jo karma arjita kiyA gayA ho use apanI tapasyA ityAdi ( = dhyAna, japa ) se naSTa kara denA 'nirjarA' nAmaka tattva hai| bahuta dinoM se prApta kiye hue kaSAya ( karma ) samUha se utpanna puNya ( Merit ) tathA sukha aura duHkha ko bhI yaha ( tattva ) deha se hI naSTa karatA hai ( jarayati = / jU ) / kezoM ko ukhAr3anA Adi tapa kahalAtA hai / 144 yaha nirjarA do prakAra kI hai - yathAkAla aura aupakramika / pahalI ( yathAkAla nirjarA ) vaha hai jaba kisI kAla meM koI karma phaladAyaka samajhA jAtA hai ( yA abhISTa hotA hai ) taba usI kAla meM phala dene ke bAda utpanna honevAlI nirjarA, kAmanAoM kI pUrti ke bAda bhI hotI hai / abhiprAya yaha hai ki karma kA kisI kAlavizeSameM phalotpAdana ke pazcAt naSTa ho jAnA yathAkAla (Temporary ) nirjarA hai / ] lekina jaba tapobala dvArA apanI icchA se udayAvasthA meM karma ko jalAkara [ naSTa kiyA jAya ] vaha aupakramika ( Requ iring efforst ) nirjarA hai / jaisA ki kahA hai- 'saMsAra ( AvAgamana ) ke kAraNasvarUpa jo karma haiM unake vinAza se nirjarA hotI hai jisake do bheda haiM- sakAma nirjarA aura akAma nirjarA / sakAma ( aupakramika ) nirjarA yama dhAraNa karanevAle ( tapasviyoM ) kI hotI hai, dUsare prANiyoM kI akAma ( yathAkAla, apane Apa honevAlI ) nirjarA hotI hai / ' ( 24. mokSa kA vicAra ) mithyAdarzanAdInAM bandhahetunAM nirodhe'bhinavakarmAbhAvAnnirjarAhetusannidhAnenAjitasya karmaNo nirasanAdAtyantikakarmamokSaNaM mokSaH / tadAha-bandhahetvabhAvanirjarAbhyAM kRtsnakarmavipramokSaNaM mokSaH ( ta0 sU0 10 / 2 ) iti / tadanantaramUrdhvaM gacchatyAlokAntAt ( ta0 sU0 105 ) / mithyAdarzana ( False knowledge ) Adi bandha ke kAraNa haiM, unakA nirodha ( saMvara ) kara lene para naye karmoM kA abhAva hokara, nirjarA-rUpI kAraNa ke samparka se pUrvopArjita karmoM kA vinAza ho jAtA hai, taba saba prakAra ke karmoM se sadA ke lie ( Atyantika = pUrNa ) mukti mila jAtI hai, yahI mokSa hai / kahA hai-bandha ke kAraNoM kA abhAva ( saMvara ) tathA nirjarA se sabhI karmoM se baca jAnA mokSa hai ( ta0 sU0 10 / 2 ) / usake bAda prANI Upara hI calA jAtA hai jaba taka loka kA anta na mila jAya ( ta0 sU0 10 / 5 ) / vizeSa - jaina loga mokSa ke do kAraNa mAnate haiM - saMvara aura nirjarA / saMvara se -- Asrava ( karmodaya ) rukatA hai, naye karma utpanna nahIM hote / nirjarA se arjita karmoM kA bhaNDAra bhasma kara diyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra karmoM ke bandhana se bilkula nikala jAnA mokSa hai| isake viparIta karmasaMpRkta honA bandha hai / mokSa hone para pANI Upara kI ora uThatA-uThatA lokoM ko pAra karake sabase Upara pahu~ca jAtA hai /

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Aheta-darzanam 145 yathA hastadaNDAdibhramipreritaM kulAlacakramuparate'pi tasmistadvalAdevAsaMskArakSaye bhramati, tathA bhavasthenAtmanApavargaprAptaye bahuzo yatkRtaM praNidhAnaM muktasya tadabhAve'pi pUrvasaMskArAdAlokAntaM gamanamupapadyate / yathA vA mRttikAlepakRtagauravamalAbudravyaM jale'dhaH patati, punarapetamRttikAbandhamUrdhvaM gacchati, tathA karmarahita AtmA asaGgatvAdUrdhvaM gacchati / bandhacchedAderaNDabIjavaccodhvaM gatisvabhAvAccAgnizikhAvat / ___ jaise hAtha aura DaNDe se golAkAra ghumAyA gayA kumbhakAra kA cAka ( cakra ) [ ghamAnevAle hAtha aura DaNDe kI kriyA ] banda ho jAne para bhI, usake bala se hI, saMskAra ( Momentum ) kSINa na hone ke kAraNa, ghamatA hI jAtA hai, usI prakAra saMsAra meM sthita ( baddha avasthA meM ) AtmA ne apavarga ( mokSa, Liberation ) kI prApti ke lie kaI bAra jo yoga ( praNidhAna ) kiyA thA, aba mukta ho jAne para usa ( praNidhAna ) ke abhAva meM bhI pahale saMskAra se loka ke Upara taka calI jAtI hai-yaha siddha hotA hai| athavA jaise miTTI kA lepa karake bhArI banAyA gayA laukI kA tumbA ( sUkhI khokhalI laukI Dry hollow gourd which the ascetics use ) pAnI meM nIce giratA jAtA hai, lekina jaba [ pAnI meM bhIgane se ] miTTI kA bandhana chUTa jAtA hai taba Upara calA AtA hai-usI prakAra karma se rahita hokara AtmA binA kisI saMga ke kAraNa Upara jAtI hai / bandhana kA nAza hone se reDa ke bIja kI taraha [ jaise reMDa ke bIja kA koSa chUTa jAne para vaha Upara chiTaka jAtA hai ? ] yA agnizikhA kI taraha apanI UrdhvagAminI prakRti ke kAraNa [ AtmA Upara jAtI hai ] / ___ anyonyaM pradezAnupraveze satyavibhAgenAvasthAnaM bndhH| parasparaprAptimAtraM snggH| taduktaM, pUrvaprayogAdasaGgatvAdvandhacchedAttathA gatipariNAmAcca ( ta0 sU0 106) / AviddhakulAlacakravadvyapagatalepAlAbuvaderaNDabIjavadagnizikhAvacca ( ta0 sU0 1017 ) iti / ata eva paThanti 40. gatvA gatvA nivartante candrasUryAdayo grhaaH| ___adyApi na nivartante tvalokAkAzamAgatAH // (pa. na. ) itiH|| paraspara eka dUsare ke pradeza meM ( = AtmA aura zarIra dvArA ) praveza karane para avibhakta ( Undistinguished ) rUpa se rahanA bandha hai| eka dUsare kA kevala samparka honA saMga hai| yaha kahA hai-pUrva ( saMskAra ) ke prayoga se saMga na hone se, bandha kA nAza ho jAne se tathA apanI gati ke prasphuTana se [ AtmA kI gati Upara kI ora hotI hai ], bhramaNa kA saMskAra pAye hue ( Abiddha ) kumhAra ke cakke kI taraha, lepa chUTa jAne se laukI kI taraha, reMDa ke bIja kI taraha tathA agni kI zikhA kI taraha [ yaha gati hotI hai ]-( ta0 sU0 10 / 6-7 ) / isalie [ AcArya padmanandI ] par3hate haiM 10 sa0 saM0

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146 sarvadarzanasaMbahe 'candra, sUrya Adi graha to jA-jAkara lauTa Ate haiM, lekina loka se pare jo AkAza hai usameM gaye hue loga Aja taka nahIM lauTe / ' anye tu gatasamastaklezatadvAsanasyAnAvaraNajJAnasya sukhakatAnasyAtmana uparidezAvasthAne muktirityAsthiSata / evamuktAni sukhaduHkhasAdhanAbhyAM puNyapApAbhyAM sahitAni nava padArthAnkecanAGgIcakruH / taduktaM siddhAnte jIvAjIvo puNyapApayutAvAsavaH saMvaro nirjaraNaM bandho mokSazca nava tattvAnoti / saMgrahe pravRttA vayamuparatAH smaH / dUsare loga kahate haiM ki sabhI klezoM aura unakI vAsanAoM ke naSTa ho jAne para, jJAna ke AvRta ( DhaMkanA) na hone para (prakaTa jJAna rahane para ), ekamAtra sukha se bharI haI AtmA kA Upara ke deza meM avasthita honA hI mukti hai| kitane loga Upara kahe gaye [ sAta tattvoM meM ] sukha aura duHkha ke kAraNasvarUpa puNya aura pApa ( do aura padArthoM ko ) jor3akara kula nava padArtha mAnate haiN| siddhAnta [ nAmaka grantha ] meM kahA gayA hai ki puNya aura pApa se saMyukta jIva aura ajIva (1-4), Asrava (5), saMvara ( 6 ), nirjaraNa (7), bandha (8), aura mokSa (9) ye nava tattva haiN| cUMki hamArA lakSya sAra kA saMgraha ( Summary ) karanA hai, isalie aba [ vistAra ] chor3a deN| vizeSa-mAdhavAcArya sarvadarzanasaMgraha kA lakSya ( Object ) yahA~ batalAte haiM ki isa grantha meM vistRta prameyoM kA saMkSepa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| vyAkhyAzailI nahIM apanAkara mAdhava ne samAsa-zailI apanAyI hai / saMgraha kA lakSaNa hai vistareNopadiSTAnAmarthAnAM tattvasiddhaye / samAsenAbhidhAnaM yatsaMgrahaM taM vidurbudhAH // aba jainoM kA nyAyazAstra Arambha hotA hai jisameM suprasiddha saptabhaGgI-naya ( Sevenmembered syllogism ) yA anekAntavAda kI pratiSThA hotI hai / ( 25. jaina nyAyazAstra-saptamaGgonaya ) atra sarvatra saptaGginayAkhyaM nyAyamavatArayanti jnaaH| syAdasti, syAnnAsti, syAdasti ca nAsti ca, syAdavaktavyaH, syAdasti cAvaktavyaH, syAnnAsti cAvaktavyaH, syAdasti ca nAsti cAvaktavyaH iti / jaina loga sarvatra saptabhaGgI-naya nAmaka ( Logic ) upasthita karate haiM / [ isake sAta nimnAMkita rUpa haiM-1 (1) syAdasti-kisI prakAra hai, (2) syAnnAstikisI prakAra nahIM hai, ( 3 ) syAdasti ca nAsti ca-kisI prakAra hai aura nahIM hai, (4) syAdavaktavyaH-kisI prakAra avarNanIya hai, (5) syAdasti cAvaktavyaH-kisI prakAra hai

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ka . Aheta-carzanam 147 aura avarNanIya hai, ( 6 ) syAnnAsti cAvaktavyaH-kisI prakAra nahIM hai aura avarNanIya hai, (7) syAdasti ca nAsti cAvatavyaH--kisI prakAra hai, nahIM hai aura avarNanIya hai| vizeSa-jaina nyAyazAstra meM parAmarza sAta vAkyoM ke rUpa meM hotA hai, ise saptabhaGgI nyAya ( yA naya) kahate haiN| bhaGga kA artha samuccaya ( Combination ) hai isalie jisameM astitva ( Positive entity ), nAstitva ( Negative entity ) Adi kA eka sAtha hI samuccaya hotA hai vaha 'saptabhaGgi (na )-naya' kahalAtA hai| sAta prakAra kahane kI rIti ( bhaMgI, bhaMgimA ) se bhI ise yaha nAma par3a sakatA hai| sAMkhya Adi sAta dArzanikoM ke dvArA pratipAdita ekAntavAda kA bhaMga ( mela ) karake apane anekAntavAda kI jar3a majabUta karane ke kAraNa bhI ise saptabhaMginaya kahA jAnA saMbhava hai| isakI tIna taraha ko lekhanazailI hai-saptabhaGganaya, saptabhaGginaya tathA saptabhaGgInaya ( samAhAra dvigu ) / jena logoM ke anusAra kisI vastu kA jJAna pUrA nahIM hai| kisI vastu ke kaI pahalU haiM, unameM saboM kA eka sAtha jJAna prApta karanA kevala jJAna se hI saMbhava hai, sAmAnya jJAna se nhiiN| hamArA jJAna ekAMgI hI ho sakatA hai, kyoMki hama apUrNa jIva haiM / sabhI dArzanikoM meM vivAda kA yahI kAraNa hai| paramArtha ke kevala eka pakSa kA avalokana kara sakane ke kAraNa ve kevala eka viziSTa pakSa ko hI jAna sakate haiN| ise jaina loga 'naya' kahate haiM- ekadezaviSiSTo'rthI nayasya viSayo mataH (nyAyAvatAra 29) / isalie sabhI jJAna mAtA ke dRSTikoNa tathA zAna ke pahala se prabhAvita rahate haiN| vahIM taka usakI satyatA siddha hai-koI zAna sarvatobhAvena satya nahIM hai ( No knowledge is true in all its aspects ) zAna kI isa sImA para dhyAna nahIM rakhakara loga apane vicAra prastuta karate haiN| yahAM taka to bAta ThIka hai, para jaba hama apane jJAna ko hI ekamAtra satya mAnate haiM to paramArtha kI hatyA-sI ho jAtI hai| hAthI ko dekhakara kaI aMdhoM ke vibhinna vicAroM ke vyakta hone kI kahAnI hama jAnate haiN| yahI dazA vibhinna dArzanikoM kI hai / jena-dArzanika isa tathya se pUrNataH avagata haiM aura sabhI nirNayoM ko sApekSa mAnane ke pakSa meM haiM / tadanusAra koI jJAna svatantra nahIM hai, apane dRSTikoNa, pahala Adi ke adhIna hai / ataeva apane sabhI nirNayoM ke pUrva sApekSatA kA sUcaka koI zabda lagAnA parama Avazyaka hai| isakA phala yaha hotA hai ki isa nirNaya ko sImita tathA anya nirNayoM ko saMbhAvita kiyA jA sakatA hai| vaha prasiddha zabda hai-syAt arthAt kisI prakAra / 'syAt asti ghaTaH' kahane yaha patA lagatA hai ki eka pakSa se deza, kAla, pAtra, guNa Adi kA vicAra karake hama ghaTa kI sattA mAnate haiM, ghaTa ke dUsare pakSoM-jaise nAstitva Adi kI bhI saMbhAvanA ( Possibility ) raha jAtI hai / yahI prasiddha siddhAnta hai-syAdvAda / 'syAt' zabda sApekSatA aura anekAntatA kA dyotaka hai| pratyeka nirNaya ke pUrva ime lagAnA Avazyaka hai / yadi kisI vastu kI 'asti' kahate haiM, to deza, kAla, bhAva varNa Adi

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148 sarvadarzanasaMgrahese usakA virodha hotA hai| ataH donoM prakAra (vidhi-niSedha ) ke parAmarza isameM lgeNge| paTane meM vasanta Rtu meM vidyamAna lAla rezamI sAr3I kA udAharaNa leN| dravyataH vaha rezamI rUpa meM hai, sUtI meM nahIM / dezata: paTane meM hai, gayA Adi meM nahIM / kAlana: vasanta Rtu meM hai, zIta meM nhiiN| varNataH lAla raMga meM hai, pIle Adi meM nahIM / apane dravyAdi rUpa meM hai, parakIya meM nhiiN| isalie eka hI sAtha vidhi aura niSedha donoM hote haiM jo anizcayAvasthA ( anekAntavAda ) kI sUcanA dete haiM / ekAntavAda kA artha hai / nizcaya anekAntavAda meM kisI vastu kI sattA yA asattA kA nizcaya nahIM rhtaa| jainoM ke alAve sabhI ekAntavAdI haiM jo apane mata ko nizcayAtmaka mAnate haiN| ve sAta prakAra ke haiM, isakA - bhaMga karane se bhI jainanyAya saptabhaGganyAya kahalAtA hai| (1) satkAryavAdI sAMkhya loga padArthoM kI sadA hI sattA mAnate haiN| (2) zUnyavAdI bauddha ( mAdhyamika ) padArthoM kI asattA hI svIkAra karate haiN| ( 3 ) asatkAryavAdI naiyAyika loga utpatti ke pUrva padArtha kA abhAva, utpatti hone para bhAva tathA nAza hone para punaH abhAva mAnate haiN| ye kAlabheda se sattA aura asattA svIkAra karate haiM, jainoM kI taraha eka hI sAtha nhiiN| ( 4 ) saMsAra ko mAyA kA upAdAna mAnanevAle zAMkaravedAntI padArthoM kI anirvacanIyatA ( Indescribability ) mAnate haiM / mAyA se utpanna vastueM pratItikAla meM bhI nahIM haiM' isa rUpa meM bAda meM bAdhita ho jAtI haiM / sattva kI avasthA meM hI padArtha asat haiN| na to astitva hai na nAstitva-ataH do virodhiyoM kA varNana kaThina hone se avAcyatA siddha hai / (5) kucha mAyA ko mAnanevAle hI vedAntI sAMkhyokta padArthoM kI sattA svIkAra karake bhI mAyA se saMsAra kI anirvAcyatA mAnate haiM / ( 6 ) kucha mAyAvedAntI zUnyavAdokta padArthoM kA nAstitva mAnakara bhI mAyAkRta anirvAcyatA svIkAra karate haiN| (7) anta meM kucha vedAntI naiyAyika Adi ke pratipAdita sattvAsattva ke sAtha mAyika anirvAcyatA mAnate haiN| ___ ye sAtoM ekAntavAdI vastu kA ekapakSIya vicAra grahaNa karate haiM, jaina inameM 'syAt' zabda lagAte haiM / sAMkhyoM kA kahanA ki 'ghaTa hai'-ThIka hai, para yaha nizcita satya nahIM haiisameM syAt kisI ( kisI prakAra ) lagAne para ThIka vicAra saMbhava hai| jainoM kI dRSTi bahuta udAra hai jisase ve pratyeka mata kA 'syAt' lagAkara svAgata karate haiM / tatsarvamanantavIryaH pratyapIpadat41. tadvidhAnavivakSAyAM syAdastIti gatirbhavet / syAnAstIti prayogaH syAttaniSedhe vivakSite // 42. krameNobhayavAJchAryA prayogaH samudAyabhAk / yugapattadvivakSAyAM syAdavAcyamazaktitaH //

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Arhata-varzanam 43. AdyAvAcyavivakSAyAM pazvamo bhaGga iSyate / antyAvAcyavivakSAyAM SaSThabhaGgasamudbhavaH // 44. samucyayena yuktazca saptamo bhaGga ucyate / iti / isa pUre ( naya ) kA pratipAdana anantavIrya ne kiyA hai- 'kisI vastu kA vidhAna ( Afrmation ) karane kI icchA hone para 'kisI prakAra hai' isa taraha kI gati ( naya ) hotI hai / yadi usakA niSedha ( ( Negation ) kahanA abhISTa ho to 'kisI prakAra nahIM hai' aisA prayoga hotA hai / kramazaH aba yadi donoM kahane kI icchA ho to donoM kA samudAya ( Combination ) leM [ sthAdasti ca nAsti ca ] / jaba donoM ko eka sAtha kahanA ho aura [ virodha hone ke bhaya se aisA kahanA ] saMbhava nahIM ho to 'kisI prakAra avAcya hai' aisA kheN| prathama ( bhaMga ) ke sAtha avAcya kahane kI icchA ho to vaha paMcama bhaMga hotA hai - [ syAdasti cAvaktavyam ] / dUsare bhaMga ko avAcya se milAne para SaSTha bhaMga utpanna hotA hai -- [ sthAnnAsti cAvaktavyam ] saboM ke samuccaya se banA huA bhaMga sA~tavA~ hai[kisI prakAra hai, nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai ] / nipAtastiGantapratirUpako'nekAntadyotakaH / syAcchandaH khalvayaM 149 yathoktam - 45. vAkyervanekAntadyotI gamyaM prati vizeSaNam / syAnnipAto'rthayogitvAttiGantapratirUpakaH // iti // yadi punarekAntadyotakaH syAcchando'yaM syAttadA syAdastIti vAkye syAtpadamanarthakaM syAt / anekAntadyotakatve tu syAdasti kathaMcidastIti syAtpadAtkathaMcidityayamartho labhyata iti nAnarthakyam / tadAha 46. syAdvAdaH sarvathaikAntatyAgAtki vRttacidvidheH / heyAveyavizeSakRt // iti // saptabhaGginayApekSo ' syAt ' ( kisI prakAra Somehow ) yaha zabda eka nipAta ( avyaya Particle hai jo tiGanta ( kriyA ) ke rUpa meM hai / ( V as + vidhiliG ) tathA anizcaya kA dyotaka hai / jaisA ki kahA gayA hai- 'vAkyoM meM anekAnta ( anizcaya ) ko vyakta karanevAlA, gamya ( vidheya Predicate, jaise- asti ) meM prati vizeSaNa kA kAma karanevAlA, yaha 'syAt ' nipAta hai jo sArthaka hone ke kAraNa ( arthayogitvAt ) kriyA ke rUpa meM hai / ' abhiprAya yaha hai ki 'syAt' sArthaka hai, kriyApada kI taraha dekhane meM lagatA hai, anizcaya kA vyaMjaka hai tathA apane vidheya 'asti' Adi zabdoM kA vizeSaNa bana jAtA hai / ] yadi 'syAt' zabda ekAnta yA nizcaya kA bodha karAtA to 'syAdasti' ityAdi kAvya meM 'syAt' zabda nirarthaka hotA [ sArthaka nahIM; kyoMki 'syAdasti' se nizcayAtmaka artha grahaNa karane para 'asti' pada kA hI artha ho sakatA hai, 'syAt' kA nahIM, vaha nirarthaka ho

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150 srvdrshnsNgrhejaaygaa| ] kintu yadi 'syAt' ko anekAnta ( anizcaya ) kA bodhaka mAneM to 'syAdasti' kA artha 'kathaMcit asti' ( kisI prakAra hai ) hotA hai jisameM 'syAt' kA artha 'kathaMcit' (kisI prakAra ) lete haiM aura nirarthakatA nahIM rhtii| ('syAt' kA artha kucha ho jAtA hai, bekAra isakA prayoga nahIM hai| ataH 'syAt' kI sArthakatA isakI anekAntabodhakatA para hai)| ___ kahA hai-'syAdvAda' kA siddhAnta saba prakAra se ekAnta ( nizcaya karanevAle ) siddhAntoM ko chor3a dene para, 'kim' zabda se niSpanna (= katham / kim ) zabda meM 'cit' zabda kA vidhAna karane para ( 'kathaMcit' artha dhAraNa karake ), saptabhaGgInaya kI apekSA rakhakara heya ( tyAjya ) aura Adeya ( grAhya = asti+nAsti ) rUpI vizeSoM se yukta hotA hai|' [ tyAjya = nAsti, grAhya = asti, ye donoM vikalpa tabhI sambhava haiM jaba vastu kA svarUpa anizcita ho / ise aba aura spaSTa kareMge-] yadi vastvastyekAntataH sarvathA sarvadA sarvatra sarvAtmanAstIti nopAditsAjihAsAbhyAM kvacitkadAcitkenacitpravarteta nivarteta vA / prAptAprApaNIyatvAdaheyahAnAnupapattezca / anekAntapakSe tu kathaJcitkvacitkenacitsattvena hAnopAdAne prekSAvatAmupapadyate / ____yadi vastu ekAnta yA nizcita rUpa se hai ( anekAnta nahIM hai ), taba saba prakAra se, sadA ke lie, saba jagaha, saba logoM ke sAtha hai; taba to grahaNa yA tyAga karane kI icchA se kahIM, kabhI yA koI na pravRtta hI hogA aura na nivRtta hogA [ kyoMki vastu saboM ke sAtha hai pAne ko kyA jarUrata ? yA phira chor3anA kaise ? ataH sabhI dRSTikoNoM se hama 'asti' nahIM kaha sakate-eka dRSTikoNa se kaha sakate haiM ki yahA~ vastu hai, para 'vastu hai' kahane kA artha hogA ki yaha sarvatra, sarvadA, sarvathA aura sarvAtmanA hai| ] prApta vastu prApaNIya ( pAne yogya ) nahIM ho sakatI tathA aheya vastu kI hAni bhI sambhava nhiiN| [ jo vastu pahale se nahIM milI hai vahI prApya ho sakatI hai, prApta vastu prApya kyA hogI ? usI prakAra jo vastu tyAjya hai usI kA tyAga bhI hotA hai, atyAjya kA nahIM / sarvatra, sarvathA 'asti' mAne jAne para tyAga aura grahaNa kA prazna hI nahIM uTha sktaa|] kintu yadi anekAntapakSa mAneM to kisI prakAra (kisI dRSTikoNa se ) kahIM, kisI jIva ke dvArA tyAga aura grahaNa hogA-aisA vidvAn samajha sakate haiN| [ jaba vastu sadA nahIM hai, eka hI dazA meM hai to usakA tyAga aura grahaNa sambhava hai-eka samaya meM tyAga, dUsare meM grahaNa ] / kiM ca vastunaH sattvaM svabhAvaH, asattvaM vA ityAdi praSTavyam / na tAvadastitvaM vastunaH svabhAva iti smsti| ghaTo'stItyanayoH paryAyatayA yugapatprayogAyogAt / nAstIti prayogavirodhAcca / evamanyatrApi yojyam / yathoktam -

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Arhata-varzanam 47. ghaTo'stIti na vaktavyaM sanneva hi yato ghaTaH / nAstItyapi na vaktavyaM virodhAt sadasattvayoH / / ityAdi // 151 isake alAve pUchanA cAhie ki vastu kI apanI prakRti kyA hai, sat honA yA asat honA ? aisA nahIM kaha sakate ki astitva ( Is-ness ) hI vastu kA svabhAva hai, kyoMki 'ghaTaH asti ( ghar3A hai )' isa vAkya meM 'ghaTa:' ( = vastu kA astitva ) aura 'asti' ( pratyakSarUpa se astitva ) ina donoM zabdoM kA eka sAtha isalie prayoga nahIM ho sakatA ki paryAyavAcI ho jAyeMge / yadi [ ghaTa: ] nAsti = 'ghar3A nahIM hai' aisA kaheM to prayoga meM asiddha hogA / [ Azaya yaha hai ki ghaTa kA artha sat yA asat donoM meM se koI eka hI hai; yadi sat artha hai to 'sat ( = ghaTaH ) Asti' kahane meM punarukti hotI hai / yadi asat artha hai to 'asat ( ghaTa: ) asti' kahanA avyAvahArika hai / ] isI prakAra dUsare sthAnoM meM bhI smjheN| jaisA ki kahA hai; " ghar3A hai, aisA nahIM kahanA cAhie kyoMki 'ghaTa' meM sat kA bodha ho hI jAtA hai; 'nahIM hai' aisA bhI nahIM kaha sakate kyoMki [ 'ghaTo nAsti' isa vAkya meM ] sat ( ghaTaH ) aura asat ke sAtha rahane se virodha hogA / " tasmAditthaM vaktavyam - sadasatsadasadanirvacanIyavAdabhedena prativAdinazrcatuvidhAH / punarapyanirvacanIyamatena mizritAni sadasadAdimatAnIti trividhAH / tAnprati kiM vastvastItyAdi paryanuyoge 'kathaJcittadasti' ityAdi prativacanasambhavena te vAdinaH sarve nirviNNAH santastUSNImAsata iti sampUrNAryavinizvAyinaH syAdvAdamaGgIkurvatastatra tatra vijaya iti sarvamupapannam / yadavocadAcAryaH syAdvAdamaJjaryAm 48. anekAntAtmakaM vastu gocaraH sarvasaMvidAm / ekadezaviziSTo'rtho nayasya viSayo mataH // 49. nyAyAnAmekaniSThAnAM pravRttau zrutavartmani / sampUrNArthavinizvApi syAdvastu zrutamucyate / / iti // isalie aisA kahe - sat, asat, sadasat aura anirvacanIya siddhAntoM (vAdoM) ko mAnane ke kAraNa virodhiyoM ke cAra prakAra haiM / phira, anirvacanIya- siddhAnta ke sAtha sat, asat Adi [ pUrvokta tIna ] matoM ko milA dene se unake tIna aura bhI prakAra hote haiM / jaba pUcheM ki vastu kyA hai, taba 'kisI prakAra vaha hai' ityAdi pratyuttara denA sambhava hai isalie ve virodhI-vAdI loga sabake saba zAnta ho jAte haiM aura vastu ke sabhI pakSoM para vicAra karake 'syAdvAda' ko svIkAra karanevAle kI una sabhI jagahoM meM vijaya hotI hai, yaha pUrNarUpa se siddha ho gayA / syAdvAdamaMjarI meM AcArya ( mallipeNa 1292 I0 ) ne kahA hai 'sabhI jAnoM (asti, nAsti Adi ) kA viSaya banAnevAlA padArtha anekAntAtmaka ( anizcita ) hai kintu naya

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152 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ( nyAya ) kA viSaya bananevAlA padArtha eka hI deza ( Aspect pahalU, pakSa ) se vibhUSita rahatA hai / [ naya meM kisI eka pakSa se bhI kAma cala jAtA hai, jaise-ghaTa: asti, ghaTo nAsti / kintu sabhI jJAnoM kA viSaya banane ke lie, jisase vastu ke sabhI pakSa mAlUma ho jAyaM, eka pakSa yA deza se kAma nahIM calatA / usake lie vastu ko anekAnta ( anizcayAtmaka ) mAnanA par3egA / bhAvAtmaka rUpa se ( Positively ) vastu ke viSaya meM kucha kaha denA sImita karake apane dRSTikoNoM kA usa para AropaNa kara denA hai| isalie subhaga mArga hai ki use anekAntAtmaka mAne jisake andara sAre pakSa chipe hoN| ]'' . [ vastu ke ] eka hI pakSa ( Aspect ) para AdhArita aneka nyAya jaba pramANakoTi meM pravRtta hoM ( prAmANika honA cAhate hoM), taba saMpUrNa arthoM (All aspects) kA nizcaya karanevAlA 'syAt' [ zabda se viziSTa ghaTa Adi ] padArtha prAmANika (zruta Trustworthy ) samajhA jAtA hai|' 50. anyonyapakSapratipakSabhAvAd yathA pare matsariNaH prvaadaaH| nayAnazeSA navizeSamicchan na pakSapAtI samayastathArhataH // ( hemacandrakRta dvitIyadvAtriMzikA vI0 stu0 zlo0 30 ) jisa prakAra dUsare [ darzanoM ke ] siddhAnta eka dUsare ko pakSa aura pratipakSa banane ke kAraNa matsaratA se bhare hue haiM, usa prakAra arhanmuni kA siddhAnta pakSapAtI nahIM hai kyoMki yaha sAre nayoM ( Propositions ) ko vinA bhedabhAva ke grahaNa kara letA hai| vizeSa-pakSa = apanA siddhAnta / pratipakSa = virodhiyoM kA siddhAnta / sAMkhya ke lie satkAryavAda pakSa hai, asatkAryavAda pratipakSa / dUsare dArzanikoM ke siddhAnta pakSapAtI haiM kyoMki vastu kisI eka pahalU kA vicAra prastuta karate haiM, sarvAMgapUrNa vicAra ve nahIM karate / aisA karanA asambhava bhI hai / jainoM kA siddhAnta isa pacar3e se dUra hai, kisI pakSa kA Azraya na lekara sabhI pakSoM ko svIkAra karatA hai / jainoM kA dRSTikoNa bahuta udAravAdI hai, kisI prakAra kA bheda-bhAva na mAnakara sabhI pakSoM ko samAna rUpa se dekhate haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki anekAntavAda svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| 1. vAkyoM kI tIna koTiyA~ haiM-durnaya, naya aura prmaann-vaaky| 'ghaTaH asti eva' dunaya hai kyoMki yaha mithyA hai / 'nAstitva' Adi ke hote hue bhI unheM chipAkaraH astitva' para jora denA mithyArUpa hai / 'ghaTa: asti' naya hai| yaha durnaya nahIM hai kyoMki nAstitva Adi ko yaha chigatA nahIM, balki unake prati udAsInatA ( Indifference ) dikhalAtA hai / yaha pramANa bhI nahIM, kyoMki 'syAt' kA prayoga na hone se dUsare dharmoM ( nAstitvAdi ) kI macanA nahIM milanI / 'syAdasti' pramANa-vAkya hai / naya ke viSaya meM devasUri kA kahanA hai yate yena zrutAdhyapramANaviSayIkRtasya arthasya aMzata: taditarAMzaudAsInyataH sa pratipana prAyavizeSo nayaH ( abhyaM0 ) /

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1 153 Arhata-darzanam ( 26. jainamata-saMgraha ) jinadattasUriNA jainaM matamitthamuktam51. balabhogopabhogAnAmubhayodanalAbhayoH antarAyastathA nidrA bhIrajJAnaM jugupsitam || 52. hiMsA ratyaratI rAgadveSAvaviratiH smaraH / zoko mithyAtvamete'STAdaza doSA na yasya saH // 53. jino devo guruH samyaktattvajJAnopadezakaH / jJAnadarzanacAritrANyapavargasya vartanI // jinadatta sUri ( grantha - vivekavikAsa, samaya - 1220 I0 ) ne jaina-mata [ kA sArAMza ] isa prakAra vyakta kiyA hai-- 'bala, bhoga, upabhoga ( indriyasukha ), dAna tathA lAbha ke antarAya (1-5), nidrA ( 6 ), bhaya ( 7 ), ajJAna ( 8 ), ghRNA ( 9 ), hiMsA (10), (14 ), avirati ( icchA 11 ), arati ( anicchA 12 ), rAga ( 13 ), dveSa ( vairAgyahInatA 15 ), kAma (16), zoka ( 17 ) tathA mithyAtva ( 18 ) - ye aThAraha doSa jinake pAsa nahIM haiM, vaha devatAsvarUpa hama logoM kA jina ( jitendriya ) guru samyakrUpa se tattvajJAna kA upadezaka hai| jJAna, darzana aura cAritra - ye apavarga ke mArga haiM / [ jJAna = saMmoharahita jJAna, darzana = arhanmuni ke upadiSTa mata meM vizvAsa, cAritra pApakarma se virati / vartanI = mArga / ] 54. syAdvAdasya pramANe dve pratyakSamanumApi ca / nityAnityAtmakaM sarvaM nava tattvAni sapta vA // 55. jIvAjIvau puNyapApe cAsravaH saMvaro'pi ca / bandho nirjaraNaM muktireSAM vyAkhyA'dhunocyate // 56. cetanAlakSaNo jIvaH syAdajIvastadanyakaH / satkarmapudgalAH puNyaM pApaM tasya viparyayaH // , 'syAdvAda ke siddhAnta meM do pramANa haiM - pratyakSa aura anumAna / [ uparyukta vidhi se vastu ko pratyakSataH bhI aneka rUpa kA dekhate haiM, dUsare upAdAna aura tyAga karane kI icchA ke uddezya se kisI padArtha ke prati jo logoM meM pravRtti aura nivRtti dikhalAI par3atI hai, yahI hetu banakara anumAna dvArA siddha karegI ki vastue nitya aura anitya ke rUpa meM haiM [ isame bhI syAdvAda lagAkara syAnnityaH syAdanityaH, Adi vAkya baneMge / ] tattva nava yA sAta haiM ( vibhinna matoM se ) // 54 // jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Asrava, saMvara, bandha, nirjaraNa aura mukti - aba inakI vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai / [ ina navoM meM puNya ko saMvara meM tathA pApa ko Asrava meM le lene para sAta hI tattva bacate haiM / ] cetanA ( Intelligence ) jIva kA lakSaNa hai, usase bhinna ( acetana ) ajIva hotA hai / acche kAma se utpanna honevAle pudgala ( Matter, bodies) puNya haiM, usakA ulaTA pApa ( = bure kAma se utpanna pudgala ) / /

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154 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe57. AtravaH srotaso dvAraM saMvRNotIti saMvaraH / pravezaH karmaNAM bandho nirjarastadviyojanam // 58. aSTakarmakSayAnmokSo'thAntarbhAvazca kainana / puNyasya saMvare pApasyAtrave kriyate punaH / / 59. labdhAnantacatuSkasya lokAgUDhasya cAtmanaH / kSINASTakarmaNo muktinivyAvRttijinoditA / / 'Asrava [ pAparUpI ] srota kA dvAra hai, jo use DhaMka le, vaha saMvara kahalAtA hai| karmoM kA praveza karanA bandha hai aura unase alaga ho jAnA mokSa hai // 57 // ATha prakAra ke karmoM kA kSaya ho jAne para mokSa milatA hai| kucha loga puNya kA antarbhAva saMvara meM karate haiM tathA pApa kA Asrava meM // 58 // jise cAra ananta padArtha (jJAna, darzana, vIrya aura sukha ) mila cuke haiM, jo saMsAra meM baMdhA huA nahIM hai ( agar3ha ) tathA jisake AThoM karma naSTa ho cuke haiM usa AtmA ko jina bhagavAna kI kahI huI nirvyAvRtti ( Infallible jahA~ se phira lauTanA nahIM ) mukti milatI hai / / 59 // 60. sarojaharaNA bhakSabhujo luJcitamUrdhajAH / ___ zvetAmbarAH kSamAzIlA niHsaGgA jainasAdhavaH // 61. luJcitAH picchikAhastAH pANipAtrA digmbraaH| U zino gahe dAtudvitIyAH syujinarSayaH / / 62. bhuGkte na kevalI na strI mokSameti digambaraH / prAhureSAmayaM bhedo mahAzvetAmbaraiH saha // iti // iti zrImatsAyaNamAdhavIye sarvadarzanasaMgrahe Ahetadarzanam // [ aba jainoM ke prasiddha bheda-zvetAmbara aura digambara-ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| ] 'dhUla jhAr3anevAle ( jhADU ke taraha kI cIja ) ko sAtha rakhanevAle, bhikSAnna khAnevAle, apane kezoM ko ukhAr3anevAle, kSamAzIla tathA Asaktirahita jaina sAdhu zvetAmbara haiM / / 60 // keza ukhAr3e hae, mora ke paMkha kA jhAr3ana hAtha meM liye, hAthoM ko hI pAtra mAnanevAle ( karapAtrI) tathA denevAle ke ghara para hI Upara kI ora se khAnevAle ye dUsare jaina sAdhu haiM jo digambara ( naMge ) haiM // 61 // digambara sAdhuoM kI mAnyatA hai ki kevalajJAna se yukta puruSa bhojana nahIM karatA aura strI ko.mokSa bhI nahIM milatA ( inheM puruSa kA janma grahaNa karane para hI mokSa mila sakatA hai ) / ina (digambaroM ) kA zvetAmbaroM ke sAtha yaha bahuta bar3A antara loga kahate haiM / / 62 // isa prakAra zrImAn sAyaNa mAdhava ke sarvadarzanasaMgraha meM AItadarzana [ samApta huA ] / // iti bAlakavinomAzaGkareNa racitAyAM sarvadarzanasaMgrahasya prakAzAkhyAyAM vyAkhyAyAmAhatadarzanamavasitam / /

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rAmAnuja-darzanam tattvatrayaM cidacivIzvararUpamasyAvidyAkRtaM na tu jagatsavizeSa IzaH / bhaktizca tatra phalitetyupadezakAya rAmAnujAya satataM praNato'smi tasmai |-RssiH / ( 1. anekAntavAda kA khaNDana ) tadetadAhatamataM praamaannikgrhnnmrhti| na okasminvastuni paramArthe sati paramArthasatAM yugapatsadasattvAdidharmANAM samAvezaH smbhvti| na ca sadasattvayoH parasparaviraddhayoH samuccayAsambhave vikalpaH kiM na syAditi vaditavyam / kriyA hi vikalpyate na vastviti nyAyAt / jainoM kA yaha ( anekAntavAda kA ) siddhAntavAda katipaya pramANoM se kATA ( nindita kiyA) jA sakatA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki vastu meM eka hI pAramArthika sattA ( Ultimate reality ) ho sakatI hai, usa sattA meM eka hI sAtha sattA, asattA Adi ( sAta ) dharmoM se yukta pAramArthika sattAoM kA samAveza nahIM ho sakatA / [pAramArthika yA antima dazA meM vastu kA eka dharma hI, jaise sattA yA asattA, sthira kiyA jA sakatA hai| anekAntavAdiyoM kI taraha eka hI sAtha sAta-sAta dharmoM ko mAna lenA asambhava hai|] ___koI yaha nahIM kaha sakatA ki sat aura asat cUMki paraspara virodhI haiM aura unakA samuccaya ( Combination ) honA sambhava nahIM hai, isalie usa prakAra ke dharmoM meM vikalpa kyoM nahIM hogA? vikalpa kriyA kA hI hotA hai vastu kA nahIM--aisA niyama hai, ataH vikalpa nahIM mAna skte| [ anekAntavAdI kI ora se isa uttara kI apekSA hai ki vikalpa dvArA vibhinna dharmoM kA ekatra samAveza ho sakatA hai| jahA~ samuccaya sambhava nahIM hai vahA vikalpa kiyA jAtA hai| udAharaNa ke lie-'udite juhoti' aura 'anudite juhoti' meM vikalpa hai| pahale vAkya meM sUryodaya ke bAda homa karane kA vidhAna hai, dUsare vAkya meM sUryodaya ke pUrva hI homa karanA vihita hai| udita aura anudita donoM homa eka sAtha nahIM ho sakate, ata: yahA~ vikalpa karate haiM kucha loga sUryodaya ke bAda kareM, kucha loga pahale / yahA~ bhI usI prakAra kyoM nahIM mAna leM ? uttara yoM de sakate haiM---jo vastu sAdhya hotI hai usI meM kartA, karma, adhikaraNa Adi badala-badalakara vikalA kara sakate haiM, kriyA ( sAdhya )

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156 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe kAhI vikalpa sambhava hai| jo vastu pahale se siddha hai, vaha to kisI eka prakAra se siddha hotI hai, usameM vikalpa kahA~ se AyeMge ? sattA siddha vastu ( Completed action ) hai, usakA koI eka hI prakAra ho sakatA hai- 'juhoti' sAdhya ( kriyA ) hai jisake lie vikalpa diye jA sake / ] na ca ' anekAntaM jagatsarvaM herambanarasiMhavat' iti dRSTAntAvaSTambhavazAdeSTavyam / ekasmindeze gajatvaM siMhatvaM vA'parasminnaratvamiti dezabhedena virodhAbhAvena tasyaikasmindeza eva sattvAsattvAdinA'nekAntattvAbhidhAne dRSTAntAnupapatteH / nanu dravyAtmanA sattvaM paryAyAtmanA tadabhAva ityubhayamapyupapannamiti cet, maivam -- kAlabhedena hi kasyacitsattvamasattvaM ca svabhAva iti na kazciddoSaH / nimnalikhita dRSTAnta ko AdhAra ( avaSTambha ) mAnakara bhI yaha siddha nahIM ho sakatA - 'samUcA saMsAra anekAnta ( Multiform ) hai jisa prakAra gaNeza ( gaja kA sira aura manuSya kI dhar3a ) aura narasiMha ( siMha kA sira aura manuSya kI dhar3a ) hai / ' yaha dRSTAnta hamArI prakRta samasyA meM laga nahIM sakatA, kyoki isa dRSTAnta meM to eka deza ( Part, khaMDa, bhAga ) meM gaja yA siMha kA svarUpa hai, dUsare bhAga meM manuSya kA svarUpa hai-- dezoM kA antara hai isalie virodha kI kalpanA nahIM ho sakatI / parantu anekAntavAda meM eka hI bhAga meM sattva, asattva Adi ( dharmoM ko ) mAnakara anekAnta sattA svIkRta kI jAtI hai / [ dRSTAnta meM dezabheda hai, ataH do pakSa sambhava haiM; jaba ki anekAntavAda meM deza kA binA bheda kiye hI eka jagaha kaI pakSa mAna lete haiM, jo kabhI sabhava nahIM / ] yadi koI yaha kahe ki kisI dravya ke rUpa meM sattA mAneM ( jaise miTTI kI sattA ) aura usake paryAyoM ( vibhinna avasthAoM, jaise- -miTTI kA piMDa, khappar3a, ghaTa Adi ) ke rUpa meM asattA mAneM aura isa prakAra donoM ko hI siddha kara DAleM, to [ hamArI Apatti hai ki ] aisA nahIM hogA - kAla ke bheda se kisI vastu kA sat ( Existent ) aura asat ( Non-existent ) honA to usakA svabhAva hI hai, isameM koI doSa nahIM hai / [ miTTI ke piNDa meM miTTI kI sattA hai, ghaTa Adi kI asatA; usI prakAra ghaTa kI avasthA meM miTTI ( dravya ) kI sattA hai, kapAla ( Potsherd ) Adi kI asattA / Azaya yahI hai ki mUla dravya kI sattA kisI bhI avasthA ( paryAya ) meM rahatI hai, anya paryAyoM kI nahIM / lekina yahA~ kAla kA bheda spaSTa hai / mRtpiNDa ke kAla meM ghaTa nahIM, ghaTa ke kAla meM kapAla nahIM; kisI kAla meM eka kI sattA aura dUsarI kI asattA hotI hai / yaha to atyanta svAbhAvika hai / phalitArtha yaha huA ki deza ( Space ) aura kAla ( Time ) ke bheda se asat aura sat ko svIkAra kara sakate haiN| koI vastu sat bhI hai asat bhI, kintu kaise ? deza-bheda yA kAla-bheda se / yaha nahIM ki anekAntavAdI kI taraha eka hI kAla aura eka hI deza meM vastu ke kaI pa ra virodhI dharma mAna leM / ] -

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rAmAnuja-darzanam 157 na caikasya hrasvatvadIrghatvavadanekAntatvaM jagataH syAditi vAcyam / pratiyogibhedena virodhAbhAvAt / tasmAtpramANAbhAvAdyugapatsattvAsattve parasparaviruddhe naikasminvastuni vaktuM yukte / evamanyAsAmapi bhaGgInAM bhaGgo'va gantavyaH / meM aisA bhI nahIM kaha sakate ki jisa prakAra eka hI sAtha eka vastu kA choTA aura bar3A donoM rUpa raha sakatA hai, usI prakAra saMsAra ko anekAnta mAna leM / [ aisA isalie nahIM kaha sakate ki usakA choTA aura bar3A honA ] vibhinna vastuoM para AdhArita ( pratiyogi ) hai - isa lie kisI virodha kA avakAza nahIM / [ abhiprAya yaha hai ki jaise vyaNuka hrasvatva aura dIrghatva donoM haiM usI prakAra jagat, sat aura asat donoM hai / lekina yaha samAnatA ThIka nahIM, tryaNuka kA choTA aura bar3A honA sApekSa hai, kisI bhinna pratiyogI kI apekSA rakhatA hai, jaise-- caturaNuka aura dvayaNuka / caturaNuka kI apekSA vaha choTA hai, dvaNuka kI apekSA bar3A / aisI hI dazA meM hama tryaNuka meM do viruddha ( Contraty ) dharma eka sAtha mAnate haiM, jo svAbhAvika hai, asamaMjasa nahIM / kintu jagat ko sat-asat mAnane ke samaya yaha bAta nahIM milatI / koI pratiyogI nahIM hai jisakI apekSA use sat yA asat kheN| dUsare, hrasvatva aura dIrghatva atyanta virodhI ( Contradictory ) nahIM, jaba ki sat-asat aise haiM / ] niSkarSa yaha nikalA ki pramANoM ke abhAva meM ( hamAre tarkoM se khaNDita hone se ) paraspara virodhI ( Mutually contradictory or exclusive ) sat aura asat ko, eka hI sAtha, eka hI vastu meM sthita kahanA ThIka nahIM hai / isI prakAra anya bhaMgiyoM kA bhI khaNDana samajha leM I vizeSa - anekAntavAda kI rakSA karane ke lie jainoM se cAra yuktiyoM kI apekSA rakhI jAtI hai - ( 1 ) samuccaya ke abhAva meM vikalpa mAnate hue do viruddha padArthoM ko eka sAtha mAnA, (2) gaNeza aura narasiMha ke zarIra kI taraha saMsAra ko anekAnta mAnanA, rUpa meM asattA mAnanA tathA ( 4 ) ( 3 ) dravya ke rUpa meM sattA aura usake paryAyoM ke eka vastu meM hrasvatva aura dIrghatva kI taraha saMsAra ko anekAnta mAnanA / kintu inakI ye yuktiyA~ saMsAra ko anekAnta siddha nahIM kara pAtIM, kyoMki sAmAnyatayA hamaloga bhI do virodhiyoM kA eka vastu meM samAveza kartA Adi ke bheda se ( 1 ), deza ( sthAna ) ke bheda se ( 2 ), avasthA kAla ke bheda se ( 3 ), yA pratiyogiyoM ke bheda se ( 4 ) mAnate haiMtAtparya yaha hai ki kucha-na-kucha upAdhi lagAkara hI do virodhiyoM kA eka meM samAveza ho sakatA hai, jainoM kI taraha nirupAdhi virodhI eka sAtha hI kAla meM nahIM mAna skte| aba unake saptabhaGgIna para hI prahAra kiyA jAyagA /

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ( 2. saptabhaMgImaya kI nissAratA ) kiM ca sarvasyAsya mUlabhUtaH saptabhaGginayaH svayamekAnto'nekAnto vA / Adye sarvamanekAntamiti pratijJAvyAghAtaH / dvitIye vivakSitArthAsiddhiH / anekAntatvenAsAdhakatvAt / tathA ceyamubhayataH pAzA rajjuH syAdvAdinaH syAt / api ca bhavatvasaptavAdinirdhAraNasya phalasya tannirdhArayituH pramAtuzca tatkaraNasya pramANasya prameyasya ca navatvAderaniyame sAdhu samarthitAtmayenastIrthaMkaratvaM devAnAMpriyeNA rhatamatapravartakena / 198 aba jarA yahI pUcheM ki jo ina sAre prapaMcoM kI jar3a saptabhaMgInaya hai, vaha svayaM ekAnta ( nizcita svarUpavAlA ) hai yA anekAnta ( anizcita svarUpavAlA ) / yadi prathama vikalpa mAnate haiM to 'sa kucha anekAnta hai' isa pratijJA ( Axiom ) kA hI virodha hotA hai / [ saptabhaMgInaya yadi ekAnta ( nizcata svarUpavAlA ) hai to phira kisa muMha se saba cIjoM ko anekAnta mAneMge --- kyA saptabhaMgInaya 'saba kucha' ke antargata nahIM hai ? isa prakAra asAmaMjasya utpanna hotA hai / ] yadi dUsarA vikalpa mAnate haiM to iSTa vastu kI siddhi nahIM hogI, kyoki anekAnta ho jAne se saptabhaMgInaya prAmANika nahIM ho sakatA, kisI vastu ko siddha nahIM kara sakatA / ( jo svayam anizcita hai usase vastuoM yA padArtha kI siddhi ko kyA apekSA kareM ? ) isa prakAra syAdvAdiyoM ke gale meM donoM ora se phandA ( bandhana ) denevAlI rassI par3a jAtI hai ( ve kisI ora bhAga nahIM sakate ) / isake atirikta, (tattvoM kI saMkhyA ) nava yA sAta mAnI gayI hai, yaha nirdhAraNa karanA phala hai, nirdhAraNa karanevAlA pramAtA ( Knower ) hai, usake nirdhAraNa kA sAdhana (karaNa) pramANa hai, (ye tattva svayaM ) prameya haiM - ina saboM meM nava Adi kA niyama ho hI nahIM sakatA / [ yadi ina saboM kA svarUpa nizcita mAneM to 'saba kucha anekAnta haiM kI pratijJA kahA~ rahI ? yadi inakA svarUpa anizcita hai to itane prapaMca kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? itane. tattva, pramANa, pramAtA, phala Adi kA varNana karake kahate haiM ki saba kucha anekAnta hai / yaha kyA khela hai ? ] Arhata mata ke pravartaka, mUrkhasamrAT ne apanI zAstra-nirmANa-zakti kA acchA pradarzana kiyA hai / ( isa prakAra anekAntavAda apane siddhAnta kI hI apanI jar3a khoda detA hai / jaba saba kucha anizcita hai to anekAntavAda bhI anizcita, jainoM kA pUrAdarzana hI anizcita, sAre tattva, unake pramANa, pramAtA Adi saba anizcita ! sAdhu ! sAdhu !! aise darzana ko zata zata praNAma !! ) ( 3. jIva ke parimANa kA khaNDana ) tathA jIvasya dehAnurUpaparimANatvAGgIkAre yogabalAdanekadehaparigrAhaka yogizarIreSu pratizarIraM jIvavicchedaH prasajyeta / manujazarIrapari

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rAmAnuja -darzanam 159 mANo jIvo mataGgajadehaM kRtsnaM praveSTuM na prabhavet / kiM ca gajAdi zarIraM parityajya pipIlikAzarIraM vizataH prAcInazarI rasannivezavinAzo'pi prApnuyAt / na ca yathA pradIpaprabhAvizeSaH prapAprAsAdAdyudaravatisaMkocavikAzavAMstathA jIvo'pi manujamataGgajA dizarIreSu syAdityeSitavyam / pradIpavadeva savikAratvenAnityatvaprAptau kRtapraNAzAkRtAbhyAgamaprasaGgAt / usI prakAra yadi Apa yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki jIva zarIra ( Body ) ke anurUpa pariNAma dhAraNa kara letA hai, to yoga ke bala se yogI loga eka sAtha jo aneka zarIra dhAraNa karate haiM, una zarIroM meM pratyeka zarIra meM jIva kA Tukar3A dekhA jAyagA / [ vAstava meM jIva vibhu hai, jisase eka sAtha aneka zarIroM meM raha sakatA hai| yogI loga apane yoga kI sAmarthya se eka hI bAra meM kaI zarIroM meM nivAsa kara sakate haiN| aise zarIroM ke samUha kA nAma kAyavyUha hai / vibhu hone ke kAraNa una-una zarIroM meM jIva kA nivAsa sambhava hai / kintu yadi yaha mAneM ki jIva zarIra ke anurUpa parimANa dhAraNa karatA hai, taba to kaThinAI hogI ki zarIra se bAhara usakA sambandha nahIM rahegA / eka zarIra meM jIva kA eka Tukar3A, dUsare meM dUsarA Tukar3A -- isa taraha jIva ke Tukar3e-Tukar3e ho jAyeMge / ] [ dUsarA doSa yaha hogA ki ] manuSya ke zarIra kA janma hone para, yoni badalane se ] hAthI ke pUre zarIra meM praveza nahIM kara sakatA / (kisI eka hI aMza meM mAnava zarIra khapa jAyagA, zeSAMza ke lie kyA jabAba hogA ? ) yahI nahIM, jaba jIva gajAdi ke bar3e zarIra ko chor3akara cIMTI ke choTe zarIra meM praveza karane lagegA taba [ vaha choTe parimANa meM hokara punaH ] apane pahale zarIra ( hAthI Adi ke zarIra ) meM praveza karane kI kSamatA kho baiThegA / [ cUMki gaja deha ke parimANa meM jIva cIMTI ke zarIra meM praveza nahIM kara sakatA, isalie use apane prAcIna zarIra ke parimANa ( AkAra ) vinAza karanA hI hogA - ataH vaha purAne zarIra meM phira lauTa nahIM sakatA; tyAgapatra svIkAra ho jAne para phira purAne pada para lauTanA kaisA ? ] parimANa rakhanevAlA jIva [ puna aisA bhI kalpanA nahIM ho sakatI ki jaise pradIpa kI prabhA ( kiraNoM ) ke avayava ( vizeSa Particulars ), panasAlA - jaisI choTI jagaha yA mahala jaisI bar3I jagaha meM, apane AdhAra ke anusAra saMkucita ( sikur3ate ) yA vikasita ( phailate ) haiM, usI prakAra jIva bhI manuSya aura hAthI kI dehoM meM Akara [ saMkoca aura vikAsa prApta ] karatA hogA / aisA karanA isalie ThIka nahIM ki pradIpa kI taraha hI jIva ko savikAra mAnanA par3egA [ jisameM saMkoca aura vikAsa-rUpI vikAra ( Changes ) hote haiM, phalataH jIva anitya ho jAyagA aura [ bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda para Apake hI dvArA Aropita ] 'kiye karma kA nAza' tathA 'na kiye gaye karma ke phala kI prApti' - ye do doSa A pahu~ceMge / vizeSa - vikAra se yukta vastueM anitya hotI haiM, kyoMki saMkoca aura vikAsa kA sambandha utpatti aura vinAza se hai-- kabhI-na-kabhI jIva kI utpatti aura vinAza hogA hI /

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160 sarvadarzanasaMbahe jaba utpatti mAneMge to na kiye gaye karma ke phala kI prApti hogii| utpatti ke bAda use sUkhaduHkha rUpI phala mileMge, jisake kAraNa puNya-pApa haiM; jaba jIva utpanna hI nahIM huA thA taba usane ina phaloM ke kAraNarUpa karma hI kaise kiye the? koI bhI vyakti utpatti ke bAda karma karane para hI phala pAtA hai lekina jIva binA karma ke hI phala pAne lgegaa| usI prakAra jaba jIva kA vinAza hogA taba kiye gaye karma kA bhI nAza hogA / vinAza ke bAda bhoktA hI nahIM rahegA taba phala kauna bhogegA ? vinAza ke samaya kiye gaye karma kA phala bhI naSTa ho jAyagA-isameM koI bhI pamANa nahIM hai| ataH 'kRtapraNAza' doSa kI ..pti hogii| evaM pradhAnamallanibarhaNanyAyena jIvapadArthadUSaNAbhidhAnadizA'nyatrApi dUSaNamutprekSaNIyam / tasmAnnityanirdoSazrutiviruddhatvAdidamupAdeyaM na bhavati / taduktaM bhagavatA vyAsena-naikasminnasambhavAt (bra0 sU0 2 / 2 / 31 ) iti / rAmAnujena ca jainamatanirAkaraNaparatvena tadidaM sUtraM vyaakaari| ___ isa prakAra pradhAnamalla ko zAnta karane kI taraha' jIva-padArtha meM doSa dikhAkara saMketa kiyA gayA hai ki anya padArthoM meM bhI doSa ko kalpanA kara leN| isalie nitya ( Eternal ) aura nirdoSa ( Infallible ) zrati ( vedoM) ke viruddha hone ke kAraNa yaha jaina-mata grAhya nahIM hai / bhagavAn vyAsa ne bhI [ brahmasUtra meM ] kahA hai-[ jaina-mata ThIka ] nahIM, kyoMki eka hI ( vastu ) meM [ chAyA aura dhUpa ke samAna 'nAsti' aura 'asti'-jaise viruddha dharmoM kA AropaNa karatA hai jo ] asambhava hai (bra0 sU0 2 / 2 / 31 ) / rAmAnuja ne isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA jaina-mata kA nirAkaraNa karate hue hI kI hai| vizeSa-jIvasvarUpa kA khaNDana karake saMketa kiyA gayA hai ki vedAprAmANya, IzvarAsvIkAra Adi padArthoM kA bhI khaNDana kara leN| yadi veda pramANa nahIM haiM to jainoM ke siddhAnta ke anusAra arhanmuni ke dvArA praNIta ( utpanna kiyA gayA ) Agama bhI pramANa nahIM ho sakatA / veda apauruSeya haiM isalie puruSoM meM pAI jAnevAlI svacchandatA vahA~ nahIM hai / jaba svacchandatA nahIM, to koI doSa kaise AyegA ? ataH sAre doSoM se rahita veda svataH hI pramANa hai-usakI prAmANikatA koI nahIM miTA sktaa| usake bAda Izvara bhI zruti ke pramANoM se siddha ho jAtA hai-yato vA imAni bhUtAni jAyante ( tai0 u0 3 / 1 / 1 ); dyAvAbhUmI janayandeva ekaH (zve0 u0 3 / 3) / 'nakasminnasaMbhavAt' sUtra kI vyAkhyA sabhI vedAntiyoM ne jaina-mata ke khaNDana ke rUpa meM hI kI hai / vizeSa jJAna ke lie vaha sthala dekhanA caahie| 1. pradhAnamallanibarhaNanyAya-jisa prakAra mukhya pahalavAna ko pachAr3a dene para dUsare pahalavAna malla-yuddha karane se virata ho jAte haiM, vaise hI jainoM ke dvArA svIkRta jIva svarUpa ko dUSita kara dene para anya siddhAntoM aura padArthoM kA khaNDana svayameva ho jAtA hai|

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rAmAnuja-darzanam 161 ( 4. rAmAnuja-darzana ke tIna padArtha ) eSa hi tasya siddhAntaH-cidacidIzvarabhedena bhoktR-bhogya-niyAmakabhedena ca vyavasthitAstrayaH padArthA iti / taduktam. 1. Izvarazcidacicceti padArthatritayaM hriH| Izvarazciditi prokto jIvo dRzyamacitpunaH // iti // usa ( rAmAnuja ) darzana kA yahI siddhAnta hai--cit ( Soul ) acit ( Universe ) aura Izvara ( God ) ke bheda se, jo kramazaH bhoktA ( Enjoyer, subject ), bhogya ( Object ) aura niyAmaka ( Controller ) haiM-tIna prakAra ke nizcita padArtha haiM / aisA hI kahA hai-'Izvara, cit aura acit ke rUpa meM padArthoM kI saMkhyA tIna hai; hari ( viSNu ) hI Izvara hai, cit se jIva kA abhiprAya hai aura dRzyamAna jagat ( Appearance ) acit hai|' (5. advaita-vedAnta kA isa viSaya meM pUrvapakSa ) apare punarazeSavizeSapratyanIkaM cinmAnaM brahmava prmaarthH| tacca nityazuddhabuddhamuktasvabhAvamapi 'tattvamasi' (chA0 u0 687 ) ityAdisAmAnAdhikaraNyAdhigatajIvaikyaM badhyate mucyate ca / tadatiriktanAnAvidhabhoktRbhoktavyAdibhedaprapaJcaH sarvo'pi tasminnavidyayA parikalpitaH, 'sadeva somyedamagra AsIdekamevAdvitIyam' ( chA0 u0 6 / 2 / 1) ityAdivacananicayaprAmANyAt-iti bruvANAH, 'tarati zokamAtmavit' (chA0 u0 7.113) ityAdizrutiziraHzatavazena nivizeSabrahmAtmaikatvavidyayA'nAdyavidyAnivRttimaGgokurvANAH, 'mRtyoH sa mRtyumApnoti ya iha nAneva pazyati' ( kATha0 u0 211) iti bhedanindAzravaNena pAramArthika bhedaM nirAcakSANAH, vicakSaNammanyAH tamimaM vibhAgaM na sahante / kucha loga (zAGkara vedAntI), jo apane ko bar3e buddhimAn mAnate haiM ( vicakSaNammanyAH ), isa vibhAjana ko nahIM mAnate ( isase sahamata nahIM haiM ) [ mAyAvAdI thor3A bhI dvaita nahIM sahana kara sakate / ] [ unakI mAnyatA hai ki cit ke rUpa meM ( svayaM prakAzita honevAle jJAnamAtra ke svarUpa meM) kevala brahma hI paramArtha ( Ultimate reality ) hai jisameM sAre ( azeSa) vizeSaNa ( jaise-hrasvatva, dIrghatva, zabda, sparza, jJAtRtva, nityatva Adi sabhI vyAvahArika vizeSaNa jo kisI padArtha kI sImA sthira karate haiM ki yaha isa taraha kA hai ) zatru ke rUpa meM haiM ( = koI vizeSaNa Izvara meM nahIM laga sktaa)| usa brahma kA svabhAva (Essence ) hI nitya ( Eternal ), zuddha ( Pure ), buddha ( Intelligent ) tathA mukta ( Free ) rahanA hai, phira bhI 'tattvamasi' ( vaha tumhoM ho ) kI taraha ke vAkyAM se jJAta honevAle sAmAnAdhikaraNya ( jIva aura brahma kA eka honA, samAnAdhikaraNa = eka 11 sa0 saM0

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162 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe AdhAra, Identity ) se usakI ekatA jIva ke sAtha siddha hotI hai, aura isalie vaha vandhana meM bhI par3atA hai aura mukta bhI hotA hai / [ 'tattvamasi' kA artha hai - vaha (brahma) tuma (jIva ) ho arthAt brahma hI jIva hai / yadyapi brahma mukta hai kintu uparyukta vAkya meM donoM kI ekatA hone ke kAraNa jIva ke rUpa meM brahma bandhana meM par3atA hai| jIva aura brahma ke aikya kA jaba sAkSAtkAra ho jAtA hai taba vaha brahma mukta ho jAtA hai / ] usa (brahma) ke atirikta, bhoktA ( jIva ), bhogya ( jagat ) Adi ke bhedoM ke rUpa meM nAnA prakAra ke prapaMca ( vistAra Universe of diversities ) usa brahma meM hI kalpita kiye jAte haiM - ye sAre ke sAre avidyA Illusion, ignorance ) se paricAlita hote haiM / isake lie kitane hI vAkya pramANa ke rUpa haiM, jaise - 'he saumya ( prasanna - mukha ziSya ), sabase pahale yaha sat ( Existent ) hI utpanna huA thA, jo akelA thA, dUsarA kucha nahIM thA; isa prakAra kI bAteM ye ( mAyA vedAntI ) loga karate haiM / [ advitIya mAnane se brahma nirvizeSa mAlUma par3atA hai, usameM koI vizeSaNa nahIM laga sakatA / yadi vizeSaNa laga sakate to ve hI vizeSaNa lagakara dUsare brahma bhI ho skte| jaba taka sUtra ( Formula ) nahIM mAlUma hai taba taka eka hI kalAkRti hai, jisa kSaNa kRti ke vizeSa yA sUtra jJAta ho jAyeMge usI kSaNa dUsarI kRti nirmita ho jAyagI / ] 'AtmA ko jAnanevAlA zoka ko pAra kara jAtA hai' ( chA0 u0 7 / 1 / 3 ) isa taraha ke sekar3oM vedavAkyoM ke sira para savAra hokara ( Taking advantage of ), nirvizeSa brahma aura AtmA ke ekatva ( Identity ) ke jJAna se ( AtmA ke zuddha rUpa kA sAkSAtkAra karake ), anAdikAla se calI AnevAlI avidyA ( mAyA, bhrama ) kI nivRtti ho jAtI hai - aisA ve svIkAra karate haiM / 'jo vyakti isa ( brahma ) ko nAnA prakAra ke rUpa meM dekhatA hai, vaha mRtyu ke bAda bhI punaH mRtyu ( janmAntara meM ) pAtA hai' (kA0 u0 211 ) yahA~ [ jIva aura brahma meM ] bheda mAnanevAle kI nindA sunakara donoM ke bIca ye ( mAyAvedAntI ) tAtvika bheda nahIM mAnate / ( 5. ka. rAmAnuja kA uttara-pakSa, advaitiyoM kI avidyA kA pUrvapakSa ) tatrAyaM samAdhirabhidhIyate / bhavedetadevaM yadyavidyAyAM pramANaM vidyeta / nanvidamanAdi bhAvarUpaM jJAnanirvatrtyamajJAnam 'ahamajJo mAmanyaM ca na jAnAmi' iti pratyakSapramANasiddham / taduktam 2. anAdi bhAvarUpaM yadvijJAnena vilIyate / tadajJAnamiti prAjJA lakSaNaM sampracakSate // ( citsukhI 19 ) iti / ina sabhI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna isa prakAra hai - [ zAMkara vedAntiyoM kA ] kathana ThIka mAnA jAtA, yadi avidyA ko mAnane ke lie pramANa rahate / [ avidyA ko mAnanevAle yaha

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rAmAnuja-darzanam 163 kaha sakate haiM ki ] yaha ajJAna anAdi aura bhAvAtmaka ( Positive) hai, tathA jJAna se haTa jAtA hai; pratyakSa pramANa se hI yaha siddha hai ( jaisA ki hama aise vAkyoM meM pAte haiM-- ) 'maiM ajJAnI hU~, apane Apa ko yA kisI dUsare ko bhI nahIM jAnatA hU~ / ' aisA hI kahA bhI hai'jo anAdi hai, bhAvAtmaka hai, vijJAna ( Knowledge ) se jisakA nAza hotA hai, vahI ajJAna hai - vizeSajJa loga isakA lakSaNa isI prakAra karate haiM / ' ( citsukhI 119 ) / vizeSa - citsukhAcArya ( 1225 I0 ) ke dvArA likhita citsukhI yA pratya tattvadIpikA zAMkaradarzana kA eka bahumAnya grantha hai / isakI TIkA pratyavasvarUpa ne prAyaH 1500 I.. meM mAnasanayanaprasAdinI ke nAma se kI thI / sarvadarzana saMgraha ( 1350 I0 ) meM citsukhI kA uddharaNa usakI kIrti kA sUcaka hai / ma caitannAnAbhAvavivayamityAzaGkanIyam / ko hyevaM brUyAtprabhAkarakarAvalambI bhaTTadattahasto vA ? nAdyaH FREE hi 3. svarUpapararUpAbhyAM nityaM sadasadAtmake / vastuni jJAyate kicitkaMcidrUpaM kadAcana / / F 4. bhAvAntaramabhAvo hi kayAcittu vyapekSayA / bhAvAntarAvabhAvo'nyo na kazcidanirUpaNAt // iti kayatA mAthamyatiriktasyAbhAvasyAnabhyupagamAt / kA [ ajJAna ke viSaya meM uparyukta pratyakSa, mAyAvAdiyoM ke dRSTikoNa se bhAvarUpa (Positve ) ajJAna kA viSaya hai isalie unake anusAra hI yaha kahA jAtA hai ] 'yaha ( pratyakSa ) jJAna ke abhAva kA viSaya hai' --aisI zaMkA bhI nahIM karanI caahie| ( isa pratyakSa ko jJAna ke abhAva kA viSaya ) mAnanevAle kauna haiM ? yA to prabhAkara guru' ( mImAMsA ke eka sampradAya ke pravartaka ) kA varada kara pAnevAle ( = guru-matAnuyAyI ) yA kumArilabhaTTa kA sahArA pAnevAle ( bhATTamImAMsaka ) aisA kaheMge / 1. prabhAkara ko guru upAdhi milane ke viSaya meM eka dantakathA hai| eka bAra inake adhyApaka eka grantha meM yaha par3hakara parezAna the -atra tunoktaM, tatrApinoktam / parezAnI kA kAraNa yaha thA ki donoM sthAnoM para padArtha kA kathana kiyA gayA thA jaba ki ye paMktiyA~ ThIka ulTI bAteM sUcita kara rahI thIM / guru kI parezAnI se prabhAkara kI buddhi jAga uThI aura unhoMne ina paMktiyoM ko isa rUpa meM par3hA- atra tunA uktam ( yahA~ 'tu' zabda ke dvArA ullekha hai ), tatra apinA uktam ( vahA~ 'api' zabda se ullekha hai ) / smaraNIya hai ki pahale ke granthoM meM akSara saTA - saTAkara likhe jAte the, isIlie isa taraha kI kaThinAI adhyApaka ko huI / guru ne kahA ki prabhAkara, Aja se tumhIM guru ho / yahI kAraNa thA ki prabhAkara guru kahalAye / inhoMne zabarabhASya para TIkA likhakara apanA sampradAya calAyAH /

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164 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ____ gurumatavAle to aisA ( ajJAna ko bhAvarUpa na mAnakara, jJAnAbhAva kA viSaya mAnanA ) mAna hI nahIM sakate / unhIM kA kathana hai--'apane rUpa ( sat ke rUpa meM ) tathA dUsare ke rUpa ( asat ke rUpa meM ) kI sahAyatA se, nitya-rUpa se, sat aura asat donoM meM vidyamAna vastu meM, koI vyakti, eka samaya meM, kisI eka hI rUpa ko jAna sakatA hai|' [ vastuoM meM sadA do rUpa hote haiM, svakIya rUpa se vastu sadAtmaka hai aura parakIya rUpa se vaha asadAtmaka hai / kabhI vastu ko hama sat ke rUpa meM ( Existent ) jAnate haiM, kabhI asat ke rUpa meM / jaba sat ke rUpa meM koI guNa jAnA jAtA hai, usa samaya usase bhinna yA parakIya guNa asat raheMge hii| Ama ke phala meM rUpa, rasa Adi sabhI haiM-kabhI rUpa ko jAnate haiM, usa samaya gaga kA jJAna nahIM ityAdi / ataH sat rUpa meM jJAna ke samaya bhI asat rahatA hai asat ke jJAna ke samaya meM bhI sat hai; parantu yaha prakRti kA niyama hai ki vyakti eka samaya meM kisI eka ko hI jAna sakatA hai yadyapi dUsarA rUpa bhI dUsare samaya meM yathAvat jAnA jA sakatA hai / ata: sat aura asat meM koI antara nhiiN| ] 'abhAva eka prakAra kA dUsarA bhAva ( Entity ) hai jo kisI-na-kisI vyapekSA ( sambandha, asat ke nirUpaNa kI icchA ) se prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai| eka anya bhAva ( bhAva kA vizeSa bheda ) ke atirikta abhAva nAmaka koI padArtha nahIM hai kyoMki usakA nirUpaNa nahIM ho sktaa|' [ pRthvI meM ghaTa kA atyantAbhAva pRthvI kA svarUpamAtra hai ( Positive ), ghaTa kA prAgbhAva miTTI hai, dhvaMsAbhAva khapar3A hai, anyonyAbhAva paTAdi hai-isa prakAra ghaTa ke cAroM abhAva ( atyantAbhAva, prAgbhAva, pradhvaMsAbhAva; aura anyonyAbhAva ) kisI-na-kisI bhAva ( Positive entity ) ke hI rUpa meM haiM, ata: abhAva bhAva hI kA dUsarA nAma hai jo asat padArtha kI abhivyakti ke lie prayukta hotA hai / ] yaha kahakara prabhAkara ke matAnuyAyI bhAva ke atirikta abhAva padArtha ko svIkAra hI nahIM karate [ki ajJAna ko jJAnAbhAvaviSayaka mAneM / ] vizeSa-yahA~ para zaGkara vedAnta dvArA pUrvapakSa kI sthApanA ho rahI hai| tathya yahI hai ki zaGkara ajJAna ko bhAvarUpa mAnate haiM, isake lie mImAMsakoM se bhI ve yaha svIkAra karavA lete haiM ki abhAva bhAvarUpa hai arthAt ajJAna = jJAnAbhAva = jJAnabhAva = bhAvarUpa ( Positive ignorance) / apane ajJAna ko jJAnAbhAva kahanA ve kisI mUlya para bhI svIkAra nahIM karate / yahI ajJAna sAre mAyAjAla ko sRSTi karatA hai, yadi jJAnAbhAva ise mAna leMge no isakI vizvasRjanazakti vinaSTa ho jaaygii| rAmAnuja Age calakara isa ajJAna yA mAyA kA khaNDana kreNge| uparyuna- padyoM meM prabhAkara kA uddharaNa dekara unase ajJAna ko prakArAnara se bhAvAtmaka svIkAra karAyA jA rahA hai| prabhAkara bhAva kA hI eka dUsarA rUpa abhAva mAnate haiM, usame eka nhiiN| to eka taraha se unhoMne zaGkara ko sthiti hI svIkAra kara lii|

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rAmAnuja-parzanam 165 na dvitiiyH| abhAvasya SaSThapramANagocaratvena jJAnasya nityAnumeyatvena ca tadabhAvasya prtykssvissytvaanupptteH| yadi punaH pratyakSAbhAvavAdI kazcidevamAcakSakSIta, taM pratyAcakSIta-ahamajJa ityasminnanubhave'hamityAtmano'bhAvarmitayA jJAnasya pratiyogitayA cAvagatirasti na vA ? asti cet, virodhAdeva na jJAnAnubhavaH / na cet, mipratiyogijJAnasApekSo jJAnAbhAvAnubhavaH sutarAM na sambhavati / tasyAjJAnasya bhAvarUpatve prAguktadUSaNAbhAvAt ayamanubhavo bhAvarUpAjJAnagocara evAbhyupagantavya iti / dUsarI jora, bhATTa-mImAMsaka bhI aisA nahIM kaha sakate / abhAva kA jJAna unake anusAra pramANa mulAMgha) se hotA hai (pratyakSa pramANa se nahIM ), tathA jJAna bhI sadA hI sapanA rahatA hai ataH isakA abhAva ( = jJAnAbhAva ) bhI pratyakSa kA viSaya nahIM ho samAsA yadyapi abhAva ko bhATTa loga eka pRthak padArtha svIkAra karate haiM phira bhI 'maiM nahIM jAnatA' isa prakAra kI pratyakSa jJAnAbhAva kA viSaya nahIM / jJAna ko pratyakSa mAnane para hAusakAmAva pratyakSa kA viSaya ho sakatA hai, para bhATTa loga jJAna ko pratyakSa na mAlakaratvAnumana mAnate haiM / naiyAyikoM kA yaha kathana hai ki 'maiM jAnatA hU~' yaha vAkya anuvyavasAyAtmaka Antara' pratyakSa se niSpanna hotA hai isalie jJAna pratyakSa kA viSaya hai, parantu yaha ThIka nahIM / isa prakAra kA zAna dUsare vanuvyavasAyAtmaka jJAna kI apekSA rakhatA hai, vaha bhI DIsare ko apekSA karegA isa taraha anavasthA nAma kA doSa utpanna ho jAyagA / isalie ko bhATTamatAnusAra svaprakAzaka ( dIpa kI taraha ) mAnanA hI upayukta hai| eka dIpa isare dIpa se prakAzita nahIM hotA, apanA prakAzana Apa hI karatA hai / niSkarSa yaha hai ki jAna inake anusAra atIndriya hai / pratyakSa ke yogya padArthoM kA abhAva bhale hI pratyakSa ho, lekina pratyakSa se grahaNa na karane yogya padArthoM ( jaise, jJAna ) kA abhAva bhI pratyakSa kA viSaya nhiiN| phalita yaha huA ki 'maiM ajJa hU~' yaha pratyakSa jJAnAbhAva kA viSaya nahIM, bhAvasvarUpa ajJAna kA hI viSaya mAnanA pdd'egaa.| jJAnAbhAva kA pratyakSa nahIM hai-pratyakSa jAnAbhAva nahIM hai ( Simple conversion )1]. - aba yadi abhAva ko pratyakSa ( anupalabdhi ko pratyakSa pramANa meM antabhUta ) mAnanevAlA vyakti aisI bAta kahe, to usase pUchanA cAhie-'maiM ajJa hU~' isa prakAra ke pratyakSa anubhava meM, abhAva-dharma ke rUpa meM yA jJAna ke pratiyogI ( virodhI- nahIM jAnanA ) ke rUpa meM, AtmA ( 'aham' zabda se pratIta honevAlI ) kI avagati ( jJAna Apprehension ) hotI hai yA nahIM ? yadi aisI avasthA meM AtmA kA bodha hotA hai, to virodha ke hI kAraNa jJAna ke abhAva kA anubhava nahIM hogaa| yadi nahIM hotA to jJAna ke abhAva kA anubhava aura nahIM hogA, kyoki koI bhI abhAva tabhI jAnA:jA sakatA hai jaba abhAva ke dharmo meM

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166 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe yukta ( usake AdhAra kA ) usake virodhI ( bhAva ) kA jJAna ho / [ neyAyikAdi abhAva ko pratyakSa ho mAnate haiM / uparyukta anavasthA isalie nahIM lagatI ki antima anuvyavasAya svayam ajJAta hokara bhI vastu kI sattA se hI apane pahale ke anuvyavasAya kA grahaNa kara legA / jJAna do taraha ke haiM--paragata aura svagata / pUrA kA pUrA paragata jJAna nivikalpa tathA svagata jJAna atIndriya hai / svagata savikalpaka jJAna pratyakSa kA viSaya hai / isalie inake matAnusAra 'ahamajJaH' yaha pratyakSa anubhava jJAnAbhAva kA viSaya hai--aisA kaha sakate haiM / isa sampradAya se advaitavedAntI pUchate haiM ki maiM ajJa hU~ ( maiM jJAnAbhAva sampanna hU~ ) isa anuzava meM jJAnAbhAva ko AdhAra mAnane ke kAraNa 'aham' arthavAlI AtmA kA jJAna hotA hai| ki nahIM ? usI anubhava meM jJAnAbhAva kA virodhI hone ke kAraNa jJAna kA jJAna hotA hai ki nahIM ? yadi hotA hai to jJAna kI sattA mAnanI par3egI; jJAnAbhAva kahA~ hai aura kahA~ hai usakA anubhava ? yadi nahIM hai to jJAnAbhAva rahane para bhI isakA anubhava nahIM hogA, kyoMki abhAva kA jJAna tabhI sambhava hai jaba abhAva ke AdhAra kA jJAna ho, abhAva ke pratiyogI kA jJAna ho / ghaTa kA binA jJAna hue ghaTAbhAva jAnanA asambhava hai / ] aba yadi usa ajJAna ko bhAvarUpa ( Positive ) svIkAra kara leM, to uparyukta doSoM se mukti mila jAtI hai / ataeva yaha anubhava bhAvarUpa ajJAna se hI utpanna hotA hai - aisA mAnanA cAhie / ( isa prakAra mAyAvAdiyoM kA pUrvapakSa samApta huA / ) ( 6. rAmAnuja dvArA isakA khaNDana ) tadetadgagana romanthAyitam / bhAvarUpasyAjJAnasya jJAnAbhAvena samAnayogakSematvAt / tathAhi - viSayatvenAzrayatvena cAjJAnasya vyAvartaka tayA pratyagarthaH pratipanno na vA ? pratipannazcet, svarUpajJAnanivatyaM tadajJAnamiti tasminpratipanne kathaGkAramavatiSThate ? apratipannazcet, vyAvartakAzrayaviSayazunyamajJAnaM kathamanubhUyeta ? [ mAyAvAdiyoM ke dvArA ajJAna ko bhAvarUpa mAnane ke lie tarka denA ThIka vaisA hI asambhava hai jaisA koI pazu ] AkAza kA pIgura ( jugAlI, carvitacarvaNa, regrazitating ) kare ! bhAva ke rUpa meM ajJAna ko mAnanA jJAnAbhAva ke rUpa meM mAnane ke hI barAbara hai / isameM do vikalpa ho sakate haiM - [ ajJAna ke ] viSaya ( AtmA ke svarUpa kA jJAna ) tathA Azraya ( = AtmA ) ke rUpa meM, ajJAna kI vyAvartaka banakara, usa jJAnasvarUpa AtmA kI pratIti hotI hai ki nahIM ? ( 'maiM ajJa hU~' isa ajJAna kI pratIti ke samaya usa jJAnasvarUpa AtmA kI pratIti hotI hai ki nahIM ? ) yadi pratIti hotI hai to 'svarUpa ke jJAna se nivRtta honevAlA ( jJAna kA virodhI ) vaha ajJAna hai' - isalie usa ( jJAna ) kI pratIti hone para jJAna kisI prakAra nahIM raha sakatA / [ cUMki ajJAna AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa ko jAna jAne para haTa jAtA hai isalie svarUpa ke jJAna ke bAda ajJAna ThaharegA hI nahIM /

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rAmAnujamArzanam 167 'ahamazaH' meM ajJAna kI pratIti ke samaya jJAna yadi rahe to ajJAna kI pratIti kese ho sakegI, ajJAna kahA~ se rahegA ? ] dUsarI ora yadi AtmA kI pratIti nahIM hotI, to vyAvartaka ( ajJAna kA vyAvartaka hai AtmA, pratIti, bodha), Azraya tathA viSaya se zanya hone se ajJAna kA anubhava hI kese hogA? vizeSa-ajJAna ( maiM ajJa hU~ ) kA viSaya (Object ) AtmA ke svarUpa kA jJAna hI hai; usakA Azraya ( Substratum, object ) hai AtmA, kyoMki AtmA ko pratyakSa rUpa meM yaha anubhava hotA hai ki maiM nahIM jAnatA huuN| AtmA hI ajJAna kA vyAvartaka ( rokane vAlA, pratiSedhaka ) hai| yahA~ zAMkaravedAntiyoM kA doSa dikhalAyA jA rahA hai ki dhyApaka ko hI be ajAna kA viSaya aura Azraya donoM mAna lete haiN| ___ aba vizavaH svarUpAvabhAsa evAjJAnavirodhI, nAjJAnena saha bhAsata islAmapiyavanAne satyapi nAjJAnAnubhavavirodha iti-hanta, tahi jJAnAmAkejapi samAnametadanyatrAbhinivezAt / tasmAdubhayAbhyupagatajJAnAbhAva eva 'mahAbhAnanya ca na jAnAmi' ityanubhavagocara ityabhyupagantavyam / (mAyAvAdI yaha kaha sakate haiM ki ) AtmA ( svarUpa ) kI jo pratIti ( avabhAsa ) suTa ( Manifested. ) hai vahI ajJAna (mAyA ) kA virodha karatI hai| vaha ( vizada mAtmapratIti ) ajJAna ke sAtha nahIM raha sakatI / isa prakAra [ ajJAna ke ] Azraya aura viSaya ke hone para [ AtmA kI pratIti sphuTa na hone se ] usakA virodha ajJAna ( ahamazaH) ke anubhava ke sAtha nahIM hotA ( tAtparya yahI hai ki avizada AtmapratIti ajJAna kA vyAvataMka nahIM haiM, vizada se hI aisI AzA kI jaay)| rAmAnuja uttara meM kahate haiM ki hAya, hAya, taba to [ jo bAta bhAvarUpa ajJAna mAnakara Apa kaha rahe haiM ] vahI bAta jJAnAbhAva kA viSaya mAnane para hogI ( ki AdhAra aura virodhI-ina donoM meM vizada svarUpAvabhAsa yA AtmapratIti virodhI ho sakegI, avizada svarUpAvabhAsa nhiiN|) hA~, yadi Apa pakSapAta ( abhiniveza ) na kareM tabhI aisA kheNge| [ mAyAvAdI loga bhAvarUpa ajJAna mAnane meM jo pakSapAta karate haiM vaha hama logoM meM nahIM hai / isa prakAra donoM pakSoM ( hamAre aura Apake ) se siddha jJAnAbhAva hI-'maiM aza hU~, apane Apako aura dUsare ko bhI nahIM jAnatA' isa vAkya meM anubhUta hotA hai ( is experienced )-aisA mAnanA cAhie / vizeSa-rAmAnuja apane tarka ke bala se advatiyoM ko 'ajJAna bhAvarUpa nahIM, jJAnAbhAva kA viSaya hai' aisA svIkAra karAte haiM / niSkarSa yaha nikalA ki ajJAna pratyakSa pramANa se bodhya nahIM / aba anumAna ke akhAr3e meM le jAkara ajJAna ko pachAr3ane kI yukti racI jA rahI hai / rAmAnuja ne apane bra0 sU0 bhASya ke prathama sUtra meM ajJAna kA khaNDana bar3e joradAra zabdoM meM kiyA hai / usI se viSayavastu lekara prastuta sthala meM pratipAdana kiyA jA rahA hai|

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168 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe( 7. ajJAna ko bhAvarUpa mAnane meM anumAna aura usakA bamana ) __ astu tAnumAnaM mAnaM vivAdAspadaM pramANazAnaM svaprAgabhAvavyatiriktasvaviSayAvaraNasvanivartya-svadezagata-vastvantara-pUrvakam / aprakAzitAryaprakAzakatvAdandhakAre prathamotpannapradIpaprabhAvat iti / [ zAMkara vedAntI kaha sakate haiM ki ] prastuta vivAda se grasta jJAna (= ajJAna bhAvarUpa hai ) ko anumAna se siddha kyoM nahIM mAnate ? anumAna isa prakAra ho sakatA hai (1) [ avidyA ko ] pramANita karanevAlA zAna (pakSa) kisI dUsarI vastu ke bAda meM hotA hai, jo vastu jJAna ke prAgbhAva se bilkula bhinna, jJAna ke viSayoM ko DhaMkanevAlI, jJAna ke dvArA haTa jAnevAlI, tathA jo jJAna ke sthAna meM avasthita rahatI hai ( saadhy)| (2) kAraNa yaha hai-pramANa jJAna ( Right knowledge ) aprakAzita vastuoM ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai ( hetu)| (3) jisa prakAra andhakAra meM pahale-pahala utpanna honevAlI dIpa kI prabhA hotI hai ( udAharaNa ) / vizeSa-prathama vAkya meM 'vastvantara' ke kucha vizeSaNa lagAye gaye haiM / svaviSayAvaraNa = sva arthAt pramANajJAna kA viSaya brahmAdi hai, usake svarUpa ko DhaMkanevAlA / svadezagata pramANajJAna kA deza AtmA hai, usI meM avasthita rahanevAlA / svaprAgbhAvavyatirikta = pramANajJAna ke prAgbhAva se pRthak / uparyukta vizeSaNoM se yukta ajJAna bhAvarUpa siddha hotA hai| jo dIpa prathama-prathama prakAza kI kiraNeM phelAtA hai usI meM andhakAra ko naSTa karane kI zakti hotI hai| jisa prakAra aMdhere meM pahale-pahala jalAyA gayA dIpaka apanI prabhA se aprakAzita vastuoM ko prakAza meM lAtA hai usI prakAra aMdhere kI taraha vidyamAna kisI dUsarI vastu ( arthAt ajJAna ) ko haTAkara pramANajJAna bhI aprakAzita vastu ( AtmasvarUpa ) ko prakAza meM le AtA hai / jo vastu haTAI jAtI hai vahI ajJAna hai, yaha bhAvarUpa hai jisakI vyAvRtti jJAna dvArA hI hotI hai / tadapi na kSodakSamam / ajJAne'pyanabhimatAjJAnAntarasAdhane'pasiddhAntApAtAt / tadasAdhane'nakAntikatvAt / dRSTAntasya sAdhanavikalatvAcca / na hi pradIpaprabhAyA aprakAzitArthaprakAzakatvaM sambhavati / jJAnasyaiva prakAzakatvAt / satyapi pradIpe jJAnena viSayaprakAzasambhavAt / pradIpaprabhAyAstu cakSurindriyasya jJAnaM samutpAdayato virodhisantamaMsanirasanadvAreNopakArakatvamAtramevetyalamati vistareNa / [ rAmAnuja kA kahanA hai ki ] uparyukta ukti bhI tarka kI kasauTI para kharI nahIM utara sakanI ( zabdazaH, cakkI meM pisane se baca nahIM sakatI; kSoda = cuurnn)| kAraNa yaha

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rAmAnuja-darzanam 169 ] yaha ajJAna bhI hai ki [ Apa jJAna ko dUsarI vastu ajJAna ke bAda siddha karate haiM to [ usI hetu se ( aprakAzita prapazca ko prakANita karane ke kAraNa ) ] kI apekSA rakhegA jo siddha karanA Apako abhISTa nahIM kyoMki aisA ajJAna se prapaca kA AvaraNa ho jAne para saMsAra kI hI sambhAvanA miTa jAyagI jo ] Apake siddhAnta ke bhI viruddha hai / ( athavA isa dUsare ajJAna se Apake prastuta anumAna kA viSaya- bhAvarUpa ajJAna - kA bhI AvaraNa ho jAyagA aura saMsAra kI siddhi nahIM ho sakegI / ) yadi Apa [ bhAvarUpa ajJAna ko yA usake sAdhaka anumAna ko tathAkathita vizeSaNoM se yukta kisI dUsarI vastu ke pazcAt ] siddha nahIM kareMge to hetu anaikAntika ( vyabhicArayukta ) ho jAyagA / [ yahA~ hetu hai 'aprakAzitArtha ko prakAzita karane ke kAraNa' / yaha hetu sAdhyaM ( MXjor term ) m) ke virodhI sthAnoM meM bhI rahatA hai isalie anaikAntika= anizcita haiM / ] dUsare, uparyukta anumAna meM dRSTAnta ( sAdhya ko ) siddha karane kI sAmarthya nahIM rakhatA kyoMki vastutaH dIpaka kI prabhA aprakAzita vastu ko prakAzita nahIM karatI, jJAna hI kisI vastu kA prakAzana kara sakatA hai| dIpaka ke rahane para bhI jJAna se hI viSayoM kA kA prakAzana sambhava hai / darzanendriya jJAna utpanna karatI hai, usI samaya pradIpa - prabhA ( sahAke rUpa meM) prakAza ke virodhI nivir3a andhakAra ko dUra karake thor3A-sA upakAra hI bharatI aba adhika vistAra karanA vyartha hai / eka dUsare ajJAna karane para [ dUsare (ka. uparyukta anumAna kA pratyanumAna ) pratiyo vivAdAdhyAsitamajJAnaM na jJAnamAtrabrahmAzritam; ajJAnatvAt zuktakAdyajJAnavaditi / manu zuktikAdyajJAnasyAzrayasya pratyagarthasya jJAnamAtrasvabhAvatvameva iti cet, maivaM zaGkiSThAH / anubhUtirhi svasadbhAvenaiva kasyacidvastuno vyavahArAnuguNatvApAdanasvabhAvo jJAnAvagatisaMvidAdyaparanAmA sakarmako'nubhaviturAtmano dharmavizeSaH / anubhaviturAtmatvamAtmavRttiguNavizeSasya jJAnatvamityAzrayaNAt / isakA virodhI anumAna ( Counter-position ) isa prakAra hai - jisa ajJAna ke viSaya meM vivAda cala rahA hai vaha vizuddhajJAna ke svarUpa brahma meM Azraya nahIM le sakatA, kyoMki vaha ajJAna hai ( jaba ki brahma jJAna hai ) -- jisa prakAra zukti sIpI, Nacre ) Adi ke viSaya meM utpanna ajJAna [ jJAtA para Azrita hai na ki jJAna para hI, kyoMki jIva hI jJAtA hai; usI prakAra mAyAvAdiyoM kA vaha bhAvarUpa na ki jJAna para / lekina mAyAvAdI to isa ajJAna ko haiM - yaha unakA doSa hai / ] [ yadi koI zaMkA kare ki ] zukti Adi ke viSaya meM honevAle ajJAna ( Illusion ) kA Azraya svacetana ( AtmA pratyak artha ) hai, usakA svabhAva hI vizuddha jJAna hai / ajJAna jJAtA para hI Azrita hai jJAnarUpa brahma para Azrita mAnate

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170 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ( phira ajJAna kA AropaNa jJAnasvarUpa AtmA para kese karate haiM ? uttara meM hama kaheMge ki anubhava karanA anubhava karanevAlI AtmA kA eka dharma hai jo ( dharma ) kevala apanI sattAse, kisI vastu meM vyavahAra kI yogyatA ( AnuguSya) utpanna karane kA svabhAva rahatA hai; jisa ( anubhUti ) ke jJAna, avagati, saMvida (bodha) Adi bahuta se nAma haiM. tathA jo ( dharma ) karma karanevAlA bhI hai / anubhava karanevAle ko AtmA aura AtmA kI vRttiyoM (Actions ) meM sthita eka guNa ko jJAna kahate haiM / nanu jJAnarUpasyAtmanaH kathaM -jJAnaguNakatvamiti cet, tavasAram / yathA hi maNidyumaNiprabhRti tejodravyaM prabhAvadrUpeNAvatiSThamAnaM prabhArUpaguNAzrayaH / svAzrayAdanyatrApi vartamAnatvena rUpavattvena ca prabhA dravyarUpA'pi taccheSatvanibandhana guNavyavahArA / evamayamAtmA svaprakAzacidrUpa eva caitanyaguNaH / yahA~ kucha loga zaMkA kara sakate haiM ki jJAna to AtmA kA svarUpa ( Essence ) hai, phira jJAna usakA guNa kaise hogA ? isa para rAmAnuja kA kathana hai ki yaha zaMkA ThIka nahIM / [ rAmAnuja jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA donoM ko jJAnasvarUpa mAnate haiM, phira jJAna unakA guNa bhI hai, aisA svIkAra karate haiM / yaha upanyAsa ( Establishment ) Apattijanaka hai, kyoMki svarUpa guNa nahIM ho sakatA / kintu jisa zruti -pramANa se AtmA ko jJAnarUpa mAnate haiM, usI pramANa se AtmA kA guNa jJAna hai, yaha bhI jAnate haiM / svarUpa guNa ho sakatA hai, kyoMki svarUpavAle jJAna se guNavAle jJAna ko pRthak mAnA jAtA hai / isameM dRSTAnta bhI hai - ] jisa prakAra maNi, sUrya ityAdi tejasa ( Luminary) padArtha svayaM prabhA se yukta svarUpa se avasthita haiM, kintu prabhArUpI guNa ke Azraya sthAna bhI haiN| ( arthAt sUryAdi teja ke svarUpa meM hokara bhI teja ke eka prakAra - prabhA-guNa se bhare haiM / svarUpa hI guNa bhI hai ) | apane Azraya se pRthak hokara bhI rahane para tathA usameM rUpa ( Mode of things ) hone ke kAraNa dravya ke rUpa meM rahane para bhI, prabhA ( Light ) ko guNa ke rUpa meM pukArate haiM kyoMki vaha sUryAdi ke teja kA upakArI hone kA saubhAgya rakhatI hai / [ guNa kisI vastu meM vyApya athavA avyApya vRtti dhAraNa karake rahatA hai / AkAza meM zabda usake eka deza meM hI rahatA hai ataH avyApya vRttivAlA hai, ghaTa meM rUpa cAroM ora se rahatA hai ataH vyApya vRttivAlA hai / prabhA nitya rUpa se sUrya -sambaddha hai, phira bhI sUrya ke atirikta samudra, parvata, bhUmi Adi meM dekhI jAtI hai-- isalie vaha guNa nahIM hai| dUsare prabhA meM zukla- rUpa rahatA hai jisase ise dravya mAnanA par3atA hai / guNa nahIM raha sakatA, dravya meM guNa rahatA hai, ataH prabhA dravya hai / phira prabhA ko guNa kaise karatI hai, guNa bhI dravya meM rahate haiM, guNoM ke sAdRzya se ? cUMki sUryAdi tejoM meM yaha nivAsa prabhA ko guNa mAnate haiM kintu yaha vyavahAra gauNa hai, mukhya rUpa se to prabhA dravya hI hai / ] ThIka isI prakAra, isa AtmA kA kaheMge

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rAmAnuja darzanama 171 svarUpa yadyapi svayaM prakAzita honevAlA caitanya hai, isakA guNa bhI cetanya hI hai ( jo gaNa prayoga se mAnA jAtA hai ) / vizeSa -- jisa prakAra prabhA mukhyataH dravya hai, gauNa rUpa se use guNa mAnate haiM; usI prakAra jJAna bhI mukhyataH dravya ( AtmA kA svarUpa hai ), gauNarUpa se hI use guNa ke rUpa meM samajhate haiM, kyoMki AtmA ke rUpa meM dUsare dravyoM se sambaddha hokara guNa ke hI samAna ho jAtA hai / aba zruti -pramANa se siddha karate haiM ki AtmA kA svarUpa bhI jJAna hai aura guNa bhI jJAna hI hai / tathA ca zrutiH - sa yathA saindhavadhano'nantaro'bAhyaH kRtsno rasaghana evaMvaM vA are'yamAtmAnantaro'bAhyaH kRtsnaH prajJAnaghana eva ( vR0 u0 4 / 5 / 13 ) / atrAyaM puruSaH svayaMjyotirbhavati ( vR0 u0 4 / 3 / 9 ) / na vijJAtuvijJAteviparilopo vidyate ( bR0 u0 4 / 3 / 30 ) / atha yo vededaM jighrANIti sa AtmA ( chA0 8 / 12 / 4 ) / yo'yaM vijJAnamayaH prANeSu hRdyantarjyotiH puruSa: ( vR0 u0 4 / 3 / 7 ) / eSa hi draSTA spraSTA zrotA ghrAtA rasayitA mamatA boDhA kartA vijJAnAtmA puruSaH ( prazno0 4 / 9 ) ityAdikA / isake lie zruti -pramANa bhI hai-jaise namaka kA Tukar3A antara-bAhya kA bheda binA kiye hI ( sarvatra ) rasa kA hI khaNDa hai, usI prakAra yaha AtmA bhI antara bAhya ke vibhAjana se zUnya hokara ( sarvatra ) prajJAna kA hI khaNDa hai ( isameM AtmA ko jJAna svarUpa batalAyA gayA hai; vR0 u0 4 / 5 / 13 ) / yahA~ ( svapnAvasthA meM ) yaha puruSa ( AtmA ) svayaM prakAzita hotA hai ( vahI, 41319 ) / vijJAtA ( AtmA ) ke jJAna ( guNarUpa meM vartamAna jJAna ) kA vinAza nahIM hotA ( vahI, 4 | 3 | 30 ) / jo yaha AtmA hai ( jJAna usakA guNa hai; chA0 8|12|4 ) yaha puruSa jo vijJAna se yukta indriyoM aura hRdaya meM bhI hai, vaha apane Apa meM prakAzita hai ( prathama khaNDa meM jJAna guNa hai, phira jJAna AtmasvarUpa hai - bR0 4 / 3 / 7 ) / vaha puruSa hI dIkhanevAlA, chUnevAlA, sU~ghanevAlA, svAda lenevAlA, manana karanevAlA, samajhanevAlA, karanevAlA ( saba jagaha jJAna guNa hai ) tathA vijJAnasvarUpa AtmA hai ( pra0 4 / 9 ) ityAdi / samajhe ki maiM ise sUMgha rahA hU~, vahI - / vizeSa- - isa prakAra kucha zrutiyoM meM AtmA ko jJAnasvarUpa, kucha meM jJAnaguNaka tathA jJAnasvarUpa aura jJAnaguNaka donoM mAnA gayA hai / AtmA ( kevala jJAtA jJAnaguNaka ) hai, yaha kahanevAle neyAyika loga bhI parAsta hue; AtmA jJAnasvarUpa hI hai, kahanevAle mAyAvedAntI bhI gaye / kucha meM ( 8. bhAvarUpa ajJAna mAnane meM zruti pramANa nahIM hai ) na ca 'anRtena hi pratyUr3hA ' ( chA0 8 / 3 / 2 ) iti zrutiravidyAyAM pramANamityAzrayituM zakyam / RtetaraviSayo hyantazabdaH / Rtazabdazva

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172 sarvadarzanAsaMbahe karmavacanaH / 'RtaM pibantI' ( kA0 3.1) iti vacanAt kRtaM karma phalAbhisandhirahitaM, paramapuruSArAdhanaveSaM tatprAptiphalam / atra tavyatiriktaM sAMsArikAlpaphalaM karmAnataM brhmpraaptivirodhi| ya etaM brahmalokaM na vindanti anRtena hi pratyUDhAH' ( chA0 8 / 3 / 2 ) iti vacanAt / - ___ 'anuta ( asatya ) se Dhake hue' / chA0 8|3|2)'-yh zrutivAkya avidyA ke viSaya meM pramANa ( Authority ) hai, aisA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| 'anRta' kA artha hai 'jo Rta ( satya ) se bhinna ho' / 'Rta' kA artha hai ( puNya ) karma, kyoMki isa vAkya meM-'Rta ko pIte hue' kahA gayA hai [ jisakA artha hai ki ve donoM karma ke phaloM kA anubhava kara rahe haiM / ] Rta kA artha hai phala kI kAmanA na rakhate hue kiyA gayA karma; parama puruSa ( brahma kI ArAdhanA ke rUpa meM usakI prApti kA phala milatA hai| yahA~ para usase bhinna, sAMsArika tathA thor3A phala denevAlA karma hI anRta kahA gayA hai jo brahma kI prApti kA virodhI hai| aisA hI zrutivacana bhI hai jo isa brahmaloka ko prApta nahIM karate, ve loga anRta ( sAMsArika phala ) se Dhake hue haiM ( chA0 8 / 3 / 2) / _ 'mAyAM tu prakRti vidyAt' (zve0 u0 4 / 10) ityAdau mAyAzabdo vicitrArthasargakaratriguNAtmakaprakRtyabhidhAyako nAnirvacanIyAjJAnavacanaH / 5. tena mAyAsahasraM tacchambarasyAzugAminA / bAlasya rakSatA dehamekAMzena sUditam // . (vi0 pu0 1 / 19 / 20) ityAdau vicitrArthasargasamarthasya pAramArthikasyaivAsurAdyastravizeSasyaiva mAyAzabdAbhidheyatvopAlambhAt / ato na kadAcidapi zrutyAnirvacanIyAjJAnapratipAdanam / _ 'mAyA ko mUla kAraNa samajheM-isa vAkya meM mAyA-zabda kA artha 'vicitra padArthoM kI sRSTi karanevAlI triguNAtmikA prakRti' hai, na ki anirvacanIya (bhAvarUpa ) ajJAna / viSNupurANa ke nimnalikhita zloka meM ] vicitra vastuoM kI sRSTi meM samartha tathA pAramAthika ( vAstavika-Real ), asura ke astra-vizeSa kA hI bodha mAyA zabda se hotA hai'bAlaka ( prahlAda ) ke zarIra kI rakSA karate hue, usa AzugAmI [ viSNu ke cakra ] ne zambara nAmaka rAkSaka kI hajAroM mAyAoM ko eka-eka khaNDa karake naSTa kara diyA (vi0 pu0 1 / 19 / 20 ) / isalie ati-pramANa se kabhI bhI anirvacanIya ajJAna kA. pratipAdana nahIM hotaa| 1. isa vAkya kA mAyAvedAntI loga artha karate haiM ki anRta saMsAra kA mUlakAraNa mAyA-nAmaka bhAvarUpa ajJAna hai, usI se zabdAdi viSayoM dvArA kAmanAoM kI utpatti hone se loga apane vAstavika rUpa se haTA diye jAte haiN|

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rAmAnuja-parzanam 173 ( 9. ajJAna kI siddhi arthApatti se bhI nahIM-'tattvamasi' kA artha ) nApyakyopadezAnyathAnupapattyA tattvaMpadayoH savizeSabrahmAbhidhAyitvena viruddhayorjIvaparayoH svarUpaikyasya pratipattumazakyatayA'rthApatteranudayadoSadUSi. tatvAt / ['tattvamasi' (tuma vaha ho ) isa vAkya meM jIva aura paramAtmA kI ekatA kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| yadi ina donoM meM vAstavika bheda hotA to yaha sambhava nahIM thA ki aikya dikhalA deM, tathya yaha hai ki ina donoM meM kAlpanika bheda hI mAnA jAyagA / yaha kAlpanika bheda kisI anya upAya se siddha nahIM hotA, ata: isa abheda jJAna ke utpAdaka ke rUpa meM apatti-pramANa se--anirvacanIya ajJAna ko svIkAra karanA pdd'egaa| isakA khaNDana karate hue rAmAnuja kahate haiM ki jIva aura paramAtmA meM ajJAna ke atirikta ] kisI dUsare prakAra se ekatA siddha nahIM hotI, isalie Apa [ ajJAna kI sattA ] nahIM mAna skte| [smaraNIya hai ki jaba kisI vizeSa artha ke ApAdAna ( grahaNa ) ke binA koI vastu siddha nahIM hotI taba arthApatti-pramANa mAnate haiM-moTe devadatta paNDita dina meM khAte hI nhiiN| isa vAkya meM na khAnevAle devadatta kI moTAI asiddha hI ho jAyagI yadi hama yaha na kaheM ki ve rAta meM hI dumunA bhojana karate haiN| yaha 'rAta meM dugunA bhojana karanA' __ arthApatti pramANa se siddha hotA hai| yahA~ bhI ajJAna ko na mAneM to kAlpanika bheda siddha nahIM hogaa| lekina rAmAnuja ise kATa rahe haiN| ] kAraNa yaha hai ki tat ( vaha ) aura tvam ( tuma ) donoM padoM meM savizeSa ( Qualified ) brahma kA artha hai, Apasa meM virodhI jIva aura paramAtmA meM svarUpa kI ekatA kA pratipAdana karanA [ isa vAkya se ] kaThina hai, ataH arthApatti-pramANa kA yahA~ udaya hI nahIM hogA--yahI doSa yahA~ laga jaaygaa| [ tat aura tvam donoM savizeSa brahma ke pratipAdaka haiM, donoM meM 'nIlo ghaTaH' ityAdi ke samAna samAnAdhikaraNatA ( Identity ) haiisI se vAkyArtha kI siddhi ho jAtI hai, arthApatti kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM pdd'tii| yadi kisI dUsare prakAra se vastusiddhi nahIM ho, taba arthApatti na AvegI ?] tathA hi-tatpadaM nirastasamastadoSam anavadhikAtizayAsaGkhyAyakalyANaguNAspadaM jagadudayavibhavalayalIlaM brahma pratipAdayati / tadekSata bahu syAM prajAyeya' (chA0 6 / 2 / 3 ) ityAdiSu tasyaiva prakRtatvAt / tatsamAnAdhikaraNaM tvaMpadaM cAcidviziSTajIvazarIrakaM brahmAcaSTe / prakAradvayaviziSTaikavastuparatvAt saamaanaadhikrnnysy| ___ise isa prakAra samajheM-'tat' zabda brahma kA pratipAdana karatA hai jo ( brahma ) sAre doSoM se rahita hai, asIma atizayoM ( vizeSAoM) se yukta tathA asaMkhya kalyANaprada guNoM kA AgAra hai evaM saMsAra kI utpatti, vibhava ( sthiti ) aura laya kI lIlA dikhalAtA 72

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174 srvsnsNgrhehai| 'usane dekhA, maiM bahuta ho jAU', maiM utpanna hoU" (chA0 6 / 2 / 3 ) ityaadi| zrutivAkyoM meM usI (brahma ) kA varNana hai| usakA samAnAdhikaraNa ( Identical ) 'tvam' zabda bhI acita ( jar3a zarIra ) se viziSTa jIva kI deha dhAraNa karanevAle brahma kA hI bodha karatA hai| samAnAdhikaraNatA ( Identity ) do prakAroM se viziSTa kisI eka hI vastu para nirbhara karatI hai| [ 'nIlo ghaTaH' meM eka hI vastu kA bodha hotA hai kintu eka prakAra hai nIla guNa se viziSTa honA, dUsarA prakAra hai ghaTatvajAti se viziSTa honaa| tat aura tvam bhI brahma ke pratipAdaka haiM kintu do prakAroM se viziSTa haiN|] vizeSa-'tadekSata0' Adi meM brahma kA saMkala dikhalAyA gayA hai jo saMsAra kI utpatti ke pUrva kiyA gayA hai| ve pahale nirIkSaNa karate haiM, punaH bahuta hone kI kAmanA karate haiM ki cit ke mizraNa se jagata ke rUpa meM maiM hI bahuta bana jAU', usake lie pahale teja, jala, anna Adi ke rUpa meM utpanna hoU / brahma kA yaha saMkalpa tabhI saMbhava hai jaba ve sabhI doSoM se rahita ho, ananta kalyANakArI guNoM se sampanna hoN| isalie brahma meM ve saba guNa utpanna hote haiM / 'tattvamasi' mahAvAkya meM 'tat' zabda se aise hI brahma kA bodha hotA hai| - (10. 'tattvamasi' meM lakSanA-ahUta-pakSa ) nanu 'so'yaM devadatta' itivat tattvamiti padayoviruddhabhAgatyAgalakSaNayA nivizeSasvarUpamAtmaikyaM sAmAnAdhikaraNyArthaH kiM na syAt / yathA so'yamityatra dezAntarakAlAntarasambandhI puruSaH pratIyate / idaMzabdena ca saMnihitadezavartamAnakAlAntarasambandhI / tayoH saamaanaadhikrnnyenaikymvgmyte| tatrakasya yugapadviruddhadezakAlapratItirna sambhavatIti dvayorapi padayoH svarUpaparatve svarUpasya caikyaM pratipattuM zakyam / evamatrApi kiMcijjatvasarvajJatvAdi-viruddhAMza-prahANenAkhaNDasvarUpaM lakSyata iti cet / [mAyAvAdI loga ] zaMkA karate haiM ki 'tattvamasi' mahAvAkya meM bhI 'yaha vahI devadatta hai' isa vAkya kI hI taraha tat aura tvam donoM zabdoM meM viruddha aMza ko tyAga denevAle lakSaNoM se, AtmA kI ekatA kA bodha kyoM nahIM hogA, isa ekatA meM nirvizeSa ( Unqualified ) svarUpa rahatA hai aura isa prakAra samAnAdhikaraNatA ( Identity ) kA artha kyoM nahIM ho jAyagA ? 'so'yam' meM tat zabda se dUsare sthAna aura dUsare kAla se sambandha puruSa kA artha mAlUma hotA hai| dUsarI ora idam zabda se nikaTa sthAna aura vartamAnakAlasambandhI puruSa kA bodha hotA hai| [yahAM dekhanA hai ki donoM padoM se bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM aura kAloM kA bodha hotA hai, ataH donoM ko eka vAkya meM sthApita karanA kucha kaThina-sA lagatA hai isalie ] donoM padoM kI ekatA samAnAdhikaraNa ke niyama se hI sambhava hai| yadi aisA na kareM to eka hI puruSa ke uddezya ke rUpa meM eka sAtha hI viruva deza aura

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rAmganuja-carzanam kAlavAle zabdoM se usa puruSa ( devadata ) kI pratIti saMbhava nahIM hai, isalie donoM padoM ko hama vyakti ( devadatta ) kA bodhaka mAnakara vyakti kI ekatA samajha sakate haiN| [ tAtparya yaha hai ki devadatta ke uddezya ke rUpa meM do zabda 'yaha' aura 'vahI' Ate haiM kintu donoM zabdoM meM sthAna aura kAla ko lekara kAphI antara hai| jaba donoM eka hI vyakti ke uddezya haiM to avazya hI donoM meM ekatA honI cAhie, ekatA tabhI sthApita ho sakatI hai jaba donoM zabda matabhedavAle aMza ko nikAla deN| aisI dazA meM unakA apanA artha kama ho jAyagA tathA lakSaNA se dUsare alpa artha kI kalpanA karanI pdd'egii| isI ko 'viruddha bhAga kA tyAga karAnevAlI lakSaNA' kahate haiM / isa prakAra 'saH' aura 'ayam' ke bIca ekatA samAnAdhikaraNa ke niyama ( Law of identity ) se ho jAyagI / ] isI prakAra, yahA~ bhI jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA donoM ke bIca, 'tatvamasi' mahAvAkya meM ekatA ho sakatI hai yahi una donoM ke virukha aMza, jaise thor3A jAnanA ( jIva kA guNa), saba kucha jAnanA (parIkSA kA guNa ) bAdi, kA tyAga ho jAya aura donoM ke akhaMDa-svarUpa kA bodha ho jAlA sAmAvAdI logoM kA pUrvapakSa huaa|] ( 11. rAmAnuna kA uttara-pakSa ) vissmo'ymupnyaasH| dRSTAnte'pi virodhavaidhuryeNa lakSaNAgandhAsambhavAt / ekasya tApada bhUtavartamAnakAladvayasambandho na viruddhH| dezAntarasthitibhUtA saMnihitadezasthitivartata iti dezabhedasambandhavirodhazca kAlabhedena pariharaNIyaH / lakSaNApakSe'pyekasyava padasya lakSakatvAzrayaNena virodhaparihAre padadvayasya lAkSaNikatvasvIkAro na saMgacchate / mAyAvAdiyoM kI sthApanA bilkula vyartha hai| yaha vahI devadatta hai' isa dRSTAnta meM bhI virodha nahIM hai, ataH lakSaNA kI ga-dha bhI isa vAkya meM nahIM hai| eka vyakti kA sambandha yadi bhUta aura vartamAna donoM kAloM se [ bhinna-bhinna avasthAoM meM, eka sAtha nahIM ] hai to koI bhI virodha kI bAta nahIM [jisase lakSaNA svIkAra karane kI AvazyakatA ho, yaha to svAbhAvika hI hai| ] dUsare sthAna meM usakI sthiti bhUtakAla meM thI aba usakI sthiti nikaTa sthAna meM hai isalie sthAna ke bhedoM kA sambandha, jisase virodha hone kI sambhAvanA hai, use kAla kA bheda mAnakara samajhA sakate haiN| [ kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki 'saH' aura 'ayam' zabdoM meM virodha hai hI nahIM ki lakSaNA mAneM / yaha mAnA ki 'saH' kA matalaba dUsare kAla aura dUsare sthAna meM avasthita puruSa hai, yaha bhI mAnA ki 'ayam' kA artha nikaTa sthAna meM avasthita puruSa hai| kintu kyA do sthAnoM meM eka hI vyakti nahIM raha sakatA ? hA~, yadi eka hI samaya meM kaheM to sambhava nahIM hai / so bAta to yahA~ hai nahIM / vaha puruSa do vibhinna kAloM meM do sthAnoM para thaa| bhUtakAla meM dUra para thA lekina vartamAna-kAla meM nikaTa A gayA / ataH koI virodha yahAM nahIM hai / phira lakSaNA kyoM svIkAra kareM ? ]

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe phira bhI, yadi Apa lakSaNA mAnane ke lie hI sira para savAra haiM to lakSaNA meM bhI eka hI zabda lAkSaNika hotA hai / kintu ukta virodha se bacane ke lie do padoM ko ( sa: aura ayam ko ) lAkSaNika svIkAra karanA par3atA hai jo vAstava meM saMgata nahIM / vizeSa - mAdhavAcArya kA uparyukta kathana cintanIya hai| lakSaNA meM yaha Avazyaka nahIM faraNaka eka hI pada ho / lakSaNA meM kevala anvaya kA hI virodha nahIM kiyA jAtA balki tAtparyArthaM kA bhI virodha hotA hai| isake lie eka pada ke samAna hI do, tIna yA sabhI padoM kI lakSaNA hotI hai / 'viSa khA lo para usake ghara meM bhojana mata karo' isameM sabhI padoM kI lakSaNA hai / lekina eka bAta hai / vaha yaha ki lAkSaNika cAhe kitane bhI pada hoM parantu lakSyatA kA vyApaka koI eka hI hotA hai arthAt lakSyArthaM eka hI hogA / itarathaikasya vastunaH tattedantAviziSTatvAvagAhanena pratyabhijJAyAH prAmANyAnaGgIkAre sthAyitvAsiddhau kSaNabhaGgavAdI bauddho vijyet| evamatrApi jIvaparamAtmanoH zarIrAtmabhAvena tAdAtmyaM na viruddhamiti pratipA ditam / jIvAtmA hi brahmaNaH zarIratayA prakAratvAd brahmAtmakaH / 'ya Atmani tiSThannAtmano'ntaro yamAtmA na veda yasyAtmA zarIram' ( bR0 3 / 7 / 22 ) itizrutyantarAt / 176 yadi donoM padoM meM lAkSaNikatA mAna leM to eka vastu ko 'idam' aura 'tat' donoM ke guNoM se viziSTa mAnakara, pratyabhijJA ( Recognition ) ko pramANa ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karanA par3egA / isa taraha sthAyitva nAma kI koI cIja nahIM raha jAyagI, kSaNabhaMgavAda ko svIkAra karanevAle bauddhoM kI hI vijaya ho jAyagI / [ rAmAnuja kA yaha pUchanA hai ki kAla meM bheda hone se vastu meM bheda par3atA hai ki nahIM ? yadi nahIM par3atA hai to lakSaNA kI AvazyakatA hI kyA hai ? yadi vastu kAlakrama se bhinna hotI calI jAtI hai to kSaNikavAdI kA siddhAnta ho yaha ho jAyagA / kintu vAstava meM yaha bAta cintanIya hai, kyoMki bauddha-mata usI samaya svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai jaba upAdhi meM bheda ho arthAt jaba jaba do vastuoM meM bhinna-bhinna upAdhiyA~ hoM / kintu yahA~ para vastu to ekarUpa hI rahatI hai / 'yaha vahI devadatta hai' isa vAkya meM abheda kI utpatti nahIM kI jAtI, kyoMki vaha to pahale se hI hai / abheda kI sUcanA hI yahA~ milatI hai / phala yaha huA ki abheda batalAne ke lie isa vAkya meM lakSaNA kA Azraya lenA Avazyaka hai / ] ThIka isI prakAra isa ( tattvamasi ) vAkya meM jIva aura paramAtmA donoM ke bIca zarIra aura AtmA kA sambandha hai isalie tAdAtmya ( Identity ) rakhanA virodha nahIM hotA, yahI pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| jIvAtmA brahma kA zarIra hai / isalie vaha brahma kA hI eka prakAra hai, brahmAtmaka hai / isake lie veda kA dUsarA pramANa bhI hai-- jo AtmA meM rahatA hai, AtmA se bhinna dUsarI AtmA jisa paramAtmA ko nahIM jAna pAtI, AtmA jisakA zarIra hai ( bR0 3 / 7 / 22 ) /

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rAmAnuja-darzanam 177 vizeSa - yahA~ jIva aura Izvara ke bIca ke bheda ko bAMdhane kI bahuta hI sundara ceSTA huI hai / jIva ko zarIra mAnA gayA aura Izvara usakI AtmA hai / AtmA aura zarIra cUMki paraspara virodhI zabda haiM ataH donoM ke bIca zarIrAtma-bhAva dikhAkara 'tvam' zabda kA arthaM jIva ke zarIra ko dhAraNa karanevAle paramAtmA ke rUpa meM kiyA jAtA hai / 'tat tvam' kahane para koI virodha nahIM hai - tAdAtmya donoM meM ho sakatA hai / ( 12. sabhI zabda paramAtmA ke vAcaka haiM ) atyalpamidamucyate / sarve zabdAH paramAtmana eva vAcakAH / na ca paryAyatvam / dvArabhedasambhavAt / tathA hi jIvasya zarIratayA prakArabhUtAni devamanuSyAdisaMsthAnAnIva sarvANi vastUnoti brahmAtmakAni tAni sarvANi / [ 'tvam' zabda se jo jIva ke antaryAmI paramAtmA kA bodha huA ] yaha to thor3A sA hI kahA gayA / vAstava meM to saMsAra meM jitane bhI [ ghaTa, paTa, manuSya Adi ] zabda haiM, sabhI paramAtmA ke vAcaka haiN| aisI dazA meM yaha bAta nahIM hai ki ve ( zabda ) eka dUsare ke paryAya ho jAyeM, kyoMki sabhI zabdoM meM dvAra ke bheda kI sambhAvanA hai ( ghaTa-zabda ghaTa-padArtha kI abhivyakti ke dvArA apane andara ke paramAtmA kA bodhaka hogA, isa prakAra sabhI zabda apane nizrita padArthoM ke dvArA paramAtmA kA bodha karAte haiM--jisa vidhi se bodha hotA hai usI ke dvAra meM antara hai ) / jaise devatAoM, manuSyoM aura anya yoniyoM ke zarIra ke avayava unameM nivAsa karanevAle jIva ke zarIra ke vibhinna prakAra ( Forms ) haiM, usI prakAra sArI vastueM brahmAtmaka haiM / [ manuSyoM ke zarIra ke vividha avayava usa zarIra ke vibhinna rUpa haiM, una avayavoM ko hama manuSyAtmaka kahate haiM kyoMki saba manuSya ke hI haiM / brahma ke zarIra ke vividha avayavoM ke rUpa meM ye sArI vastueM dRSTigocara hotI haiM ataH ye brahmAtmaka haiM / ] ataH 6. devo manuSyo yakSo vA pizAcoragarAkSasAH / pakSI vRkSo latA kASThaM zilA tRNaM ghaTaH paTaH // ityAdayaH sarve zabdAH prakRtipratyayayogenAbhidhAyakatayA prasiddhA loke, tadvAcyatayA pratIyamAnatattatsaMsthAnavadvastumukhena tadabhimAnijIva tadantaryAmiparamAtmaparyantasaGghAtasya vAcakAH / devAdizabdAnAM paramAtmaparyantatvamuktaM tattvamuktAvalyAM caturthasare-- 7. jIvaM devAdizabdo vadati tadapRthaksiddhabhAvAbhidhAnAniSkarSAbhAvayuktAdbahuriha ca dRDho lokavedaprayogaH / AtmAsambandhakAle sthitiranavagatA devamartyAdimUrtejIvAtmAnupravezAjjagati vibhurapi vyAkaronnAmarUpe / ( tattvamuktAkalApaH 4182 ) iti / 12 sa0 saM0

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178 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe isalie deva, manuSya, yakSa, pizAca, sarpa, rAkSasa, pakSI, vRkSa, latA, kASTha, zilA, ghaTa, paTa Adi sabhI zabda prakRti ( Root ) aura pratyaya ( Suffix ) ke jor3ane se kisIna-kisI artha ke bodhaka hone para loka-vyavahAra meM prasiddha haiN| apane usI bAhyArtha se ve apane-apane zarIrAvayavoM ko dhAraNa karanevAlI vastuoM kA bodha karAte haiM tathA isI prakAra unakA niyantraNa karanevAle jIva kA ( sajIva vastuoM meM ) tathA usake bAda usake antara meM niyAmaka ke rUpa meM rahanevAle paramAtmA taka ke sAre samUhoM ( arthoM ) kA bodha bhI ye zabda hI karA dete haiM / [ hamaloga zabdoM kI mahattA kevala bAhya vastuoM kA bodha karAne meM hI samajhate haiM / lekina zabda na kevala bAhyArtha kA, pratyuta antaryAmI paramAtmA taka kA bodha karAne meM samartha haiM / zabda se vastu kA bodha hotA hai, vastu se usake bhItara rahanevAle jIva kA, phira jIva se paramAtmA kA-isa prakAra ye bahuta se saMghAta bIca meM par3ate haiN|] devAdi zabda paramAtmA taka kA bodha karA dete haiM, yaha tattvamuktAvalI ke caturtha sara ( adhyAya ) meM kahA gayA hai-'deva Adi zabda jIva kA bodha karAte haiM, kyoMki usa (jIva) se pRthaka na rahanevAle siddha-bhAva ( devAdi kA zarIra ) kA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai| [ jIva ke binA zarIra kA svarUpa nahIM siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai| isalie zarIra jIva se apRthak hai, yaha siddha hai| ] isa artha meM, loka aura veda donoM meM [ devAdi zabdoM kA ] prapoga bahuta dRr3hatA se hotA hai, cUMki [ jIva aura zarIra meM ] niSkarSa ( pArthakya-Difference ) kA abhAva hai| loka meM deva, manuSya, pazu Adi zabdoM kA prayoga zarIra tathA jIva donoM ke lie hotA hai, kisI eka ke lie nahIM / veda meM bhI jahA~-jahA~ 'devatvaM prApnoti gacchati' kA prayoga hai vahA~-vahA~ 'devatva' kA artha hai devatA ke zarIra kI vishesstaa| isa prakAra donoM sthAnoM meM viziSTa artha meM hI ina zabdoM kA prayoga hotA hai| isameM kAraNa yahI hai ki zarIrI ( jIva ) apRthak rUpa se siddha hai| ] _ 'AtmA se sambandha vicchinna ho jAne para deva, manuSya Adi ke zarIra ( mUrti ) kI sthiti pahale jaisI nahIM jAnI jaatii| [ mara jAne para zarIra kSaNa bhara bhI pahale jaisA nahIM rahatA jaba ki usa zarIra meM AtmA yA jIva kA vAsa thaa|] yahA~ taka paramAtmA ne bhI vastuoM meM jIvAtmA kA praveza hone ke kAraNa saMsAra meM nAma ( Name ) aura rUpa (Jorm ) kI sRSTi kii|' vizeSa-veGkaTanAtha yA vedAntadezika ke likhe hue bahuta se granthoM meM tattvamuktAkalApa bhI eka hai| vedAntadezika kA samaya 1267 se 1368 I0 hai| ukta grantha para unhoMne svayaM bhI eka TIkA likhI thii| isa grantha meM viziSTAdvaitavAda ke mukhya siddhAntoM kA varNana sragdharA chandoM meM kiyA gayA hai / isameM paMca sara ( lar3I ) haiN| inameM kramazaH jar3adravya, jIva, nAyaka, buddhi aura adravya-ina pA~ca viSayoM kA varNana hai| prastuta sthala meM usI grantha kI sahAyatA se deva Adi zabdoM se paramAtmA taka kA bodha hotA hai-yahI batalAyA jA rahA hai| kucha zlokoM ke to kevala saMketa hI kiye gaye haiN|

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rAmAnuja-darzanam 179 anena devAdizabdAnAM zarIraviziSTajIvaparyantatvaM pratipAdya, 'saMsthAnakyAdyabhAve ( ta0 mu0 ka0 4 / 83) ityAdinA zarIralakSaNaM darzayitvA, 'zabdestanvaMzarUpaprabhRtiH' ( 484 ) ityAdinA vizvasyezvarApRthasiddhatvamupapAdya, 'niSkarSAkRta' (4 / 85) ityAdinA padyena sarveSAM zabdAnAM paramAtmaparyantatvaM pratipAditaM, tatsarva tata evAvadhAryam / ayamevArthaH samathito vedArthasaMgrahe nAmarUpazrutivyAkaraNasamaye rAmAnujena / uparyukta zloka meM yaha siddha kiyA gayA hai ki deva Adi zabdoM kA artha zarIra se yukta ( pRthak na rahanevAle ) jIva taka hai| punaH 'saMsthAnakyAdyabhAve' ( 4183 ) isase Arambha honevAle zloka meM zarIra kA lakSaNa kiyA gayA hai, punaH 'zabdestanvaMzarUpa' (184) isa zloka meM yaha siddha kiyA gayA hai ki vizva Izvara se pRthak siddha nahIM ho sakatA / anta meM 'niSkarSAkata' ( 485) ke dvArA sabhI zabdoM ko paramAtmA kA bodhaka batalAyA gayA hai / ye sabhI cIjeM vahIM se jAnanI caahie| rAmAnuja ne bhI nAma aura rUpa kA varNana karanevAlI kutiyoM kA vizleSaNa karate samaya apane vedArtha-saMgraha nAmaka grantha meM bhI yahI bAta puSTa kI hai| vizeSa-tattvamuktAkalApa ke uparyukta saMketoM ke pUre zloka yoM haiMsaMsthAnakyAdyabhAve bahuSu nirupadhihazabdasya rUDhi lokaamnaaypryogaanugtmih tato lakSma niSkarSaNIyam / avyAptatvAdiduHsthaM paramatapaThitaM lakSaNaM tatra tasmAt yaddhItulyAzrayaM tadvapuridamapRthak siddhimad dravyamasya / / [ saMsAra ke sabhI jovadhAriyoM meM ] zarIra kI racanA kI ekatA nahIM dekhI jAtI, bahuta se padArthoM meM deha zabda kA prayoga ( rUr3hi = Convention ) upAdhihIna (.Unconditional ) hI hai, yaha loka aura veda ke prayogoM se siddha hai| isalie usake anurUpa hI eka lakSaNa ( zarIra kA ) nikAlanA cAhie / dUsare matoM ke anusAra diye gaye lakSaNa avyApti Adi doSoM se dUSita haiM [ jaise naiyAyika loga 'ceSTAzrayatvaM zarIratvam' kahate haiM, Izvara ke zarIra ke rUpa meM abhimata kAla Adi meM ceSTA nahIM hai, ataH pUre zarIra ke artha ko yaha lakSaNa vyApta nahIM karatA / ] isalie zarIra kA lakSaNa hogA-buddhi kA Azraya hI jisakA Azraya hai, jo dravya jisase pRthak hokara nahIM raha sakatA, vahI usakA zarIra hai| [ zarIra kA AdhAra vahI hai jo buddhi kA hai, zarIra buddhi se pRthak nahIM ho sakatA, jo jisase pRthak nahIM ho vahI usakA zarIra hai / ] zabdestanvaMzarUpaprabhRtibhirakhila: sthApyate vizvamUrte ritthaMbhAvaH prapaJcastadanavagamatastatpRthasiddhamohaH / zrotrAdyarAzrayebhyaH sphurati khalu pRthak zabdagandhAdidharmo jIvAtmanyapyadRzye vapurapi hi dRzA gRhyate'nanyaniSTham //

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180 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe nanu', aMza, rUpa', Adi zabdoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki isa rUpa meM ( pRthaka na rahakara siddha honevAlA ) yaha samUcA saMsAra (prapaMca ) usa vizvamUrti ( viSNu ) kA hI hai ( viSNu se pRthak yaha jagat siddha nahIM hotA ) / ise nahIM samajhane ke kAraNa mUrkha loga Izvara se jagat ko pRthak samajhane kI mUrkhatA ( moha ) karate haiM / [zAnI loga prapaMca ko sadaiva Izvara se apRthak hI siddha samajhakara apane vyavahAra calAte haiN| jisa prakAra zrotra, ghrANa Adi indriyoM ke dvArA zabda gandha Adi guNoM kA grahaNa ( Apprehension ), apane AzrayoM ( AkAza, pRthivI Adi ) se pRthak hokara hI hotA hai [ kyoMki indriyA~ Azraya ko grahaNa nahIM kara sakatIM, ata: dharmoM kA jJAna akelA hI hotA hai ], usI prakAra adRzya jIvAtmA meM bhI [ Izvara kA grahaNa karane meM asamartha loga ] apanI naMgI AMkhoM se kevala zarIra kA grahaNa karate haiM, kisI anya padArtha ( jIva ) kA grahaNa nahIM kara pAte / [indriyA~ kevala guNoM kA grahaNa kara sakatI haiM, unake AdhAra kA nahIM / kevala bAhyendriyoM kA sahArA lenevAle mUrkha loga bhI kevala zarIra kA grahaNa kara sakate haiM, jIva se viziSTa ( apRthaka siddha ) zarIra kA nahIM / A~khoM se jIva ke darzana nahIM ho sakate / ] uparyukta donoM zlokoM meM saMsAra ko paramAtmA se apRthak siddha kiyA gayA hai| aba saMsAra ke vAcaka zabdoM kA 'pArthakya' ( niSkarSa ) artha na hone ke kAraNa paramAtmA hI artha hai, yaha batalAyA jA rahA hainikIkUtahAnau vimatipadapadAnyantarAtmAnamekaM tanmUrtervAcakatvAdabhidadhati yathA rAmakRSNAdizabdAH / sarveSAmAptamukhyairagaNi ca vacasAM zAzvate'sminpratiSThA pAkastasyApratItejagati taditaraiH syAcca bhaGktvA prayogaH / jahA~ [ jIva aura zarIra meM ] pArthakya rakhane kA abhiprAya nahIM hai, vahA~ vivAdAspada (vimatipada ) zabda bhI ekamAtra 'antarAtmA' artha kA bodha karAte haiM, kyoMki sAre zabda 1. udAharaNa-tatsarvaM vai harestanu: ( vi0 pu0 1 / 22 / 37 ) / 2. mamaivAMzo jIvaloke ( bha0 gI0 1517 ) / 3. dve rUpe brahmaNastasya (vi0 pu0 122 // 53 ) / 4. Adi se zakti, kAya, zarIra Adi kA grahaNa hotA hai-viSNuzaktiH parA proktA ( vi0 pu0 6 / 7 / 6), yadambu vaiSNavaH kAyaH (vi0 pu0 2 / 12 / 37 ) yasyAtmA zarIram (60 u0 3 / 7 / 22 ) ityAdi / 5. kahIM-kahIM jIvAtmA aura zarIra meM apRthak-siddhi ho jAne para bhI pArthaka prati pAdana hone ke kAraNa pArthakya artha abhISTa hotA hai, jaise--yaha jIvAtmA kA zarIra hai / yahA~ zarIra kA artha jIvAtmA-paryata nahIM hogA, kevala zarIra kA hI yahA~ artha hai| 'yasya

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rAmAnuja-varzanam 181 usa (Izvara) kI mUrti ( Body ) ke hI vAcaka haiN| rAma, kRSNa Adi zabda bhI aise hI haiM [ jinase paramAtmA ke artha kA bodha hotA hai ] / Apta ( prAmANika ) logoM meM pradhAnoM (maharSiyoM) ne isI zAzvata brahma meM sAre zabdoM kI avasthiti mAnI hai / [ yaha avasthiti vAcyArtha ke hI rUpa meM hai, dUsarI kisI zakti kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / eka aisI hI ukti bhI hai- 'natAH sma sarvavacasAM pratiSThA yatra zAzvatI / ' ] pAkoM ( ajJAniyoM, DimbhoM ) ke dvArA usakI pratIti nahIM hotI, unake sAtha saMsAra meM vyavahAra karanevAle dUsare ( vidvAn ) loga bhI tor3akara ( lakSaNA se ) zabdoM kA prayoga eka hI artha meM ( laukika vastuoM ke artha meM ) karate haiM / vAcyArtha to zabdoM kA paramAtmA hI hai, lakSyArtha meM sArI vastueM haiM kyoMki isI artha meM jIva aura zarIra kI pRthak siddhi hotI hai, gauNa artha ( Secondary meaning ) kA sahArA liyA jAtA hai / ] ( 13. nirvizeSa brahma kI aprAmANikatA ) kiM ca sarvapramANasya savizeSaviSayatayA nirvizeSavastuni na kimapi pramANaM samasti / nirvikalpaka pratyakSe'pi savizeSameva vastu pratIyate / anyathA savikalpa ke so'yamiti pUrvapratipannaprakAraviziSTapratItyanupapatteH / isake atirikta, cU~ki sabhI pramANoM kA viSaya ( Object ) savizeSa ( Determinate, rUpAdi se yukta ) padArtha huA karatA hai, isalie nirvizeSa ( AkAra - prakArahIna ) vastu kI siddhi ke lie koI pramANa saGgata nahIM ho sktaa| yahI nahIM, nirvikalpaka pratyakSa ( Indeterminate perception ) meM bhI savizeSa ( AkAra-prakAra se yukta ) hI vastu kI pratIti hotI hai [ na ki naiyAyikoM ke anusAra nirvizeSa vastu kI ] / nahIM to savikalpaka pratyakSa ( Determinate perception ) meM 'yaha vahI hai' isa vAkya meM pahale se pratipAdita vastu ke AkAra-prakAra Adi kI vizeSatAeM nahIM jAnI jA sakatIM / [ jaba taka hama pahale se vastu ke AkAra-prakAra nahIM jAneMge to kaise kaha sakate haiM ki yaha vahI vastu hai | ataH nirvikalpaka pratyakSa meM vastu kI vizeSatAe~ avazya jJAta honI cAhie / ] vizeSa- rAmAnuja kA nirvikalpaka aura savikalpaka naiyAyikoM se kucha bhinna hai, isIlie ve isa prakAra kI paMktiyA~ likha rahe haiM / naiyAyika loga nirvikalpaka ko niSprakAraka jJAna samajhate haiM jisameM vastu kI sattA hI jJAta rahatI hai| jaise - idaM kiMcit / rAmAnuja nirvikalpaka pratyakSa kI paribhASA yoM karate haiM - ekajAtIyadravyeSu prathamapiNDagrahaNam arthAt eka prakAra kI vastuoM meM prathama piNDa kA grahaNa karanA / devadatta jaba pahale pRthivI zarIram' yahA~ bhI pRthivI zabda isI prakAra kA hai, isase paramAtmA taka artha nahIM ho sakatA / jahA~ aisI vivakSA nahIM hai vahAM to pratyeka zabda paramAtmA taka kA vAcaka ho sakatA hai /

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182 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe se na dekhe hue ghaTa ko dekhakara yaha jJAna pAtA hai ki yaha ghaTa hai ( ayaM ghaTaH ) to yaha nirvikalpaka huA / yahA~ yadyapi ghaTatva ke rUpa meM usa ghaTa kA prakAra pratibhAsita hotA hai phira bhI yaha ghaTatva isa prakAra ke dUsare ghaToM meM ( ekajAtIyadravyeSu ) anuvRtta hai - yaha anuvRtti kA prakAra nahIM pratIta hotA, isalie isa jJAna ko ve nirvikalpaka kahate haiM / jaba vaisA hI dUsarA ghaTa dekhate haiM taba pahale dekhe gaye ghaTa ke AdhAra para hI kahate haiM ki yaha bhI usI jAti ( Class ) kA hai / yaha anuvRtti ( 'ghaTatva' kI ) pratIta hotI hai, isalie yaha jJAna savikalpaka hai jisakA udAharaNa hai-so'yaM ghaTaH / neyAyika loga savikalpaka kA artha vastu kA prakAra Adi lete haiM jisameM 'ayaM rUpAdiviziSTo ghaTa : ' kahate haiM / rAmAnuja kA savikalpaka neyAyikoM kI pratyabhijJA ( Recognition ) hai| meM sabhI pramANoM meM savizeSa vastu kA hI grahaNa hotA hai / yadi vastu meM rUpa Adi na hoM to pratyakSa pramANa kI to pravRtti hogI hI nahIM, kyoMki pratyakSa ke lie vastu aura indriyoM kA saMnikarSa honA Avazyaka hai; jaba taka vastu koI guNa nahIM, taba taka kisI vastu kA pratyakSa nahIM hogA / dUsare sAre pramANa pratyakSa ke hI AdhAra para hote haiM, ataH una saboM kI bhI pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI / yahI kAraNa hai ki rAmAnuja zaGkara ke nirvizeSa brahma ( Unqualified Brahman ) kA khaNDana karate haiM / ( 14. prapazva kI satyatA ) kiM ca tattvamasyAdivAkyaM prapazvasya bAdhakam / bhrAntimUlakatvAt, bhrAntiprayukta rajjusarpavAkyavat / nApi brahmAtmaikyajJAnaM vivartakam / tatra pramANAbhAvasya prAgevopapAdanAt / na ca prapazvasya satyatvapratiSThApanapakSa ekavijJAnena sarvavijJAnapratijJAvyAkopaH / isake atirikta 'tattvamasi' Adi vAkyoM ko [ zaGkarAcArya kI taraha ] isa dRzyamAna jagat ( prapaJca ) kA virodhI ( bAdhaka ) nahIM samajhanA caahie| isake mUla meM bhrAnti ( Illusion ) hai, jaise bhrama meM hI prayukta honevAle 'rassI - sA~pa' ke vAkya meM hama pAte haiM / [ yaha rassI nahIM, sA~pa hai--yahA~ rassI ko sA~pa samajhanA bhrAnti hai / bhrAnta vyakti kI bAta para kisI ko vizvAsa nahIM hotA hai / vAstavika rassI ko sA~pa samajhanevAlA vyakti hI bhrAnta hai | vaise hI yadi prapaJca ko bhrAntimUlaka mAna leM to vedAdi bhI bhramamUlaka hI ho jAyeMge - phira unakI bAta para vizvAsa hI kauna karegA ? 'tatvamasi' vAkya bhI to veda ke antargata hai jo svayaM eka prapaJca hone ke kAraNa bhrAntimUlaka hai / phira isa vAkya ke AdhAra para prapaJca kA bAdha kaise kara sakeMge ? ] punaH, brahma aura jIva meM ekatA kA jJAna ho jAne se prapaJca kI nivRtti ( nAza ) ho jAtI ho, aisI bAta nahIM, kyoMki [ brahma aura AtmA kI ekatA ke viSaya meM ] koI bhI pramANa nahIM hai, yaha hamane pahale hI siddha kara diyA hai / [ avidyA ko mAnane ke lie

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rAmAnuja-varzanam 183 koI pramANa nahIM hai, yaha kaha cuke haiN| brahma aura AtmA meM pratyakSa bheda hai jisakA tiraskAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, ataH brahma aura AtmA kI ekatA pramANoM ke dvArA siddha nahIM hotI / yahI nahIM, jaba sabhI pramANoM ko savizeSavastu ke rUpa meM viSaya kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai, taba to vizeSa kA artha hai eka aura padArtha / vizeSaNa aura vizeSya meM ekatA kaisI ? ataH jIva brahma kA vizeSaNa hai, donoM meM ekatA kisI pramANa se siddha nahIM hotii| jaba ekatA nahIM hai to kisI bhI mUlya para prapaJca kA nAza nahIM hogA / smaraNIya hai ki zaMkara avidyA kI nivRtti se jIva-brahma kI ekatA mAnate haiM aura usake bAda prapaJca kI bhrAnti miTa jAtI hai jisase puruSa mukta hotA hai / rAmAnuja na to bhrAntimUlaka prapaJca mAnate haiM, na prapaJca kA nAza, na brahma-jIva kI ekatA aura na hI jIvanmukti / ] ___ aba, yadi satya ke rUpa meM prapaJca ko pratiSThita ( siddha ) kareM to bhI 'eka ke jJAna se saboM kA jJAna ho jAyagA' isa pratijJA meM bAdhA nahIM pdd'tii| [ zaMkarAcArya paramAtmA ke atirikta kisI ko satya nahIM mAnate / prapaJcamAtra ko AtmA para Aropita karate haiM, isalie prapaJca ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM jo AtmA hai use jAna lene para sAre prapaJca kA jJAna ho jAtA hai / chAndogya upaniSad ( 6114 ) meM kahA gayA hai-yathA saumyakena mRtpiNDena sarva mRNmayaM vijJAtaM syAt isI kI ora saMketa hai / rassI jAna lene para 'sA~pa meM kyA tattva hai', yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai| sabhI vastuoM ke jJAna kA artha hai-saboM meM vidyamAna tatvAMza kA jJAna ho jAnA / dUsare aMzoM meM sAmya hai ki nahIM, yaha dikhalAnA jarUrI nahIM hai| isIlie sampUrNa jagat ke vivarta kA upAdAna kAraNa ( Material cause ) paramAtmA siddha hotA hai / rAmAnuja kevala paramAtmA ko hI satya nahIM mAnate, saMsAramAtra unake lie satya hai / aisI avasthA meM kevala eka jJAna se saboM kA jJAna hogA, yaha kahanA bar3A kaThina hai| ghaTa ke jJAna se paTa kA jJAna nahIM ho jAtA / taba to rAmAnuja ke anusAra uparyukta zrutivAkya kI nirarthakatA hI siddha ho jaaygii| yahI isa zaMkA kA Azaya hai / rAmAnuja isakA prativAda karate hue kAraNa agale vAkyoM meM dete haiM / ] prakRti-puruSa-mahadahaGkAra-tanmAtra-bhUtendriya-caturdazabhuvanAtmakabrahmANDatadantarvati-deva-tiryaG-manuSya-sthAvarAdi-sarvaprakAra-saMsthAna-saMsthitaM kAryamapi sarva brahmaveti kAraNabhUtabrahmAtmajJAnAdevasarvavijJAnaM bhavatItyeka vijJAnena sarvavijJAnasyopapannataratvAt / api ca brahmavyatiriktasya sarvasya mithyAtve sarvasyAsattvAdeva ekavijJAnena sarvavijJAnapratijJA bAdhyeta / __ yaha brahmANDa ( Universe ) caudaha bhuvanoM (Worlds ) se banA hai jo prakRti ( Primary cause ), puruSa ( Self ), mahat ( Intellect ), ahaGkAra ( Self-position ), tanmAtroM ( Subtle elements ), bhUtoM ( Gross clements ) tathA indriyoM

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ( Organs of sense and action ) ke sAtha-sAtha hai| usa ( brahmANDa ) ke antargata devatA, pazu, manuSya, sthAvara ( Immobile things ) Adi sabhI prakAra ke [ padArtha apane-apane ] saMsthAnoM ( Organs ) se yukta hokara avasthita haiM / ye saba ke saba kArya ke rUpa meM haiM, phira bhI brahma hI haiM [ kyoMki brahma ke zarIra se hI ye saba padArtha nikale haiN| mUla kAraNa bhI brahma ke zarIra se nikalA hai isalie pradhAna ( puruSa ) sUkSma zarIra kA hai, brahmANDa sthUla zarIra kA / ] isalie kAraNasvarUpa brahmAtmaka jJAna se hI saboM kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| eka ko acchI taraha jAnane se sabhI kA jJAna ho jAtA hai, yaha aura bhI acchI taraha siddha ho gyaa| [ kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki saMsAra kA kAraNa brahma sUkSma zarIra meM hai, jaba ki kAryarUpa saMsAra yA brahmANDa sthUla zarIra meM hai| 'sUkSma zarIra se viziSTa AtmA' ke jJAna ke dvArA 'sthala zarIra se viziSTa AtmA' kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| yaha bahuta hI mukara hai| jaise kisI bAlaka ko choTe rUpa meM dekhakara use hI yuvAvasthA meM bar3e zarIra meM bhI jAna lete haiM ki yaha vahI bAlaka hai| miTTI jisa prakAra ghaTAdi kA upAdAna kAraNa hai usI prakAra yaha sUkSma zarIra bhI sthUla kA hai| isameM dRSTAnta (miTTI-ghaTa ) aura dAntika (mUkSma zarIrAdi ) meM eka-eka aMza ko lekara sAmya hai, jaba ki zaMkara kI vyAkhyA meM vivarta kA Azraya lene se utanI samatA nahIM rahatI / brahma aura prapaJca meM vaha sambandha nahIM jo miTTI aura ghaTAdi meM hai| isalie rAmAnuja kA siddhAnta aura adhika siddh---uppnntr-hai|] ___itanA hI nahIM, yadi [ zaGkara kI taraha ] brahma ke atirikta sabhI padArthoM ko mithyA mAna leM to sabhI padArthoM ko asat mAnakara, eka ke jJAna se saboM kA jJAna hone kI pratijJA ko chor3a denA pdd'egaa| [jJAna-vijJAna sat ( Existent ) vastu kA hI hotA hai, asat kA nahIM / kharahe kA sIMga Adi kA vijJAna sambhava nahIM hai / ] nAmarUpavibhAgAnahasUkSmadazAvatprakRtipuruSazarIraM brahma kAraNAvastham / jagatastadApattireva prlyH| nAmarUpavibhAgavibhaktasthUlacidacidvastuzarIraM brahmakAryAvastham brahmaNastathAvidhasthUlabhAvazca sRSTirityabhidhIyate / evaM ca ___1. yathA saumyaikena0 kI vyAkhyA rAmAnuja ne jaisI kI hai, vaha zruti kA tAttvika artha nahIM hai / akSaroM se vaisA vya ka nahIM hotA / ve kAraNa ke rUpa meM sUkSmazarIraviziSTa AtmA lete haiM, kArya ke rUpa meM sthUlazarIraviziSTa AtmA lete haiM / AtmA ko donoM jagahoM meM rakhane se unakA kucha vizeSa matalaba nahIM / tAtparya yahI hai ki sUkSma zarIra ke jJAna se usake kArya sthala zarIra kA jJAna hotA hai -kArya aura kAraNa eka hote haiN| zrutivAkya meM aisA nirdeza nahIM hai / kAraNa ke rUpa meM jJAna kA viSaya AtmA hI hai, kArya hai jagat / to AtmA ke jAna se jagat kA jJAna hotA hai, itanA hI kahanA hai / thibaoNTa ne ThIka hI kahA hai ki gamAnaja brahmagatra ke adhika nikaTa haiM jaba ki zaGkara upaniSadoM ke adhika samIpa haiN|

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rAmAnuja-darzanam 185 kAryakAraNayorananyatvamapi ArambhaNAdhikaraNe pratipAditamupapannataraM bhavati / [ jagat ko satya mAnane se isakA vinAza sambhava nahIM hogA aura pralaya kI siddhi nahIM hogii| isa zaGkA kA samAdhAna rAmAnuja isa prakAra karate haiM-] jisameM nAma ( Name ) aura rUpa ( Form ) kA nizcaya (vibhAga ) nahIM ho sake aisI sUkSmAvasthA meM rahanevAlA, prakRti-puruSa ke zarIra ke rUpa meM avasthita brahma kAraNAvasthA meM hai; jaba saMsAra apane isI rUpa meM lauTa jAtA hai taba use pralaya ( Dissolution ) kahate haiM / nAma aura rUpa ke vibhAgoM se mAlUma honevAlA sthUla ( Gross ) ciA aura acit vastuoM kA zarIra ( Body ) lie hue brahma kAryAvasthA meM sthita hai| jaba brahma isa prakAra ke sthUla rUpa meM A jAtA hai taba use sRSTi kahate haiN| .. isI prakAra [ vyAsa ne brahmasUtra ke ] ArambhaNa ( Origin of the world ) adhikaraNa meM kArya-kAraNa kI ekatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai aura isase vaha ekatA acchI taraha se siddha ho jAtI hai| (15. nirgaNavAda aura nAnAtvaniSedha kI siddhi ) nirguNavAdAzca prAkRtaheyaguNaniSedhaviSayatayA vyavasthitAH / nAnAtvaniSedhavAdAzcaikasyaiva brahmaNaH zarIratayA prakArabhUtaM sarva cetanAcetanAtmakaM vasthiti sarvasyAtmatayA sarvaprakAraM brahmavAvasthitamiti sarvAtmakabrahmapRthagbhUtavastusadbhAvaniSedhaparatvAbhyupagamena prtipaaditaaH| - [ yadi brahma ko savizeSa arthAt saguNa mAneM to 'nirguNa' zabda dhAraNa karanevAlI zrutiyoM kI kyA vyAkhyA hogI ? ] 'nirguNa' kA pratipAdana karanevAlI zrutiyoM kI yaha vyavasthA hogI ki prAkRta (prakRti sambandhI Phenomenal ) tyAjya guNoM (jaise jarA, maraNa Adi ) kA niSedha karake hI paramAtmA kA jJAna sambhava hai / [ paramAtmA nirguNa hai = usameM jarA, maraNa Adi tyAga karane yogya guNa nahIM haiN| ] [phira bhI, rAmAnuja paramezvara se jIvoM aura jar3a-padArthoM kA bheda svIkAra karate haiN| dUsarI ora zrutiyAM bahutva ( Pluralism ) kA niSedha karatI haiM-neha nAnAsti kiMcana ( bR0 4 / 4 / 19), ekamevAdvitIyam ( chA0 6 / 2 / 1) / aisI dazA meM ina zrutiyoM ko kyA uttara deMge ? ] eka hI brahma ke zarIra ke rUpa meM usI ( brahma ) ke prakAra ( Type ) ke rUpa meM sArI vastueM cetanAtmaka ( Sentient ) aura acetanAtmaka ( Unsentient ) haiM, isalie saboM kI AtmA ke rUpa meM, saba prakAra se brahma ( eka mAtra hI ) avasthita hai| ataH 'nAnAtva' kA niSedha karanevAle zrutivAkyoM kA yahI artha diyA gayA hai ki sabhI padArthoM kI AtmA-brahma-se pRthak kisI bhI vastu kI sattA nahIM hai| aise hI artha se una vAkyoM kI siddhi hotI hai|

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186 sarvadarzanasaMbahe ( 16. rAmAnuja-mata kI tasvamImAMsA ) kimatra tattvaM bhedo'bheda ubhayAtmakaM vA ? sarva tattvam / tatra sarvazarIra. tayA sarvaprakAraM brhmvaavsthitmitybhedo'bhyupeyte| ekameva brahma nAnAbhUtacidacitprakArAt nAnAtvenAvasthitamiti bhedaabhedo| civacidIzvarANAM svarUpasvabhAvavalakSaNyAdasaGkarAcca bhedH|| rAmAnuja ke mata se tattva kisa prakAra kA hai-bhedAtmaka, abhedAtmaka yA ubhayAtmaka ? sabhI prakAra kA tattva hai / saboM kA zarIra banakara, saba prakAra se kevala brahma hI avasthita hai, isalie abhedavAda kI upapatti hotI hai| brahma eka hI hai, nAnA prakAra ke cit aura acit padArthoM ke bheda ke kAraNa nAnA rUpa se avasthita hai-isalie bhedAbhedavAda kI siddhi hotI hai| cit, acit aura Izvara meM svarUpa aura svabhAva ko lekara bheda ( vilakSaNatA Peculiarity ) hai, unheM milAkara nahIM rakha sakate, isalie bhedavAda kI bhI siddhi hotI hai| vizeSa-cit kA svarUpa hai jJAnasvarUpa honA, isase acit bhinna hai| cit aura Izvara meM yadyapi jJAnAtmakatA samAna hai para cit kA svarUpa aNu hai, Izvara kA vibhu-yahI bheda hotA hai / aba tInoM padArthoM ke svabhAva apanI alaMkRta zailI meM rAmAnuja upasthita karate haiN| (16. ka. cit, acit aura Izvara ke svabhAva ) tatra cidrUpANAM jIvAtmanAmasaMkucitAparicchinna-nirmalajJAnarUpANAm anAdikarmarUpAvidyAveSTitAnAM tattatkarmAnurUpajJAnasaGkocavikAzau bhogyabhUtAcitsaMsargastadanuguNasukha-duHkhopabhogadvayarUpA bhoktRtA bhagavatpratipattibhagavatpadaprAptirityAdayaH svabhAvAH / ____ acidvastUnAM tu bhogyabhUtAnAmacetanatvamapuruSArthatvaM vikArAspadatvamityAdayaH / parasyezvarasya bhokta-bhogyayorantaryAmirUpeNAvasthAnamaparicchedyajJAnezvaryavIryazakti-tejaHprabhRtyanavadhikAtizayAsaMkhyeya-kalyANa guNagaNatA svasaMkalpapravRttasvetarasamastacidacidvastujAtatA svaabhimtsvaanuruupaikruupdivyruupnirtishyvividhaanntbhuussnnttyaadyH| (1) inameM cit ke rUpa meM jIvAtmA haiM, ve saMkocarahita, sImAhIna, nirmala jJAna ke svarUpa haiM, anAdi karmarUpI avidyA se ghire haiM, isalie apane-apane karma ke anusAra jJAna kA saMkoca aura vikAsa honA, bhogane yogya acit vastuoM ke saMsarga meM AnA, 1. smaraNIya hai ki svarUpa-jJAna kA saMkoca-vikAsa nahIM hotA, jo jJAna jIvAtmA meM guNa ke rUpa meM hai usI meM saMkoca-vikAsa hote haiN| ataH yahA~ isI jJAna se abhiprAya hai| rAmAnuja karma ko hI avidyA mAnate haiM jisase jJAna kA saMkoca aura vikAsa hotA hai|

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rAmAnuja-varzanam 187 usake guNa ke anusAra hI sukha aura duHkha ina donoM kA upabhoga karane se bhoktA bananA, bhagavAn ke svarUpa kA jJAna, bhagavAn ke caraNoM kI prApti Adi [ usa jIvAtmA. ] svabhAva haiM / ( 2 ) acit vastue~ bhogya ( bhoga karane ke yogya Enjoyable ) haiM, inake svabhAva ( Nature ) haiM - acetana honA, puruSArthoM ( dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa ) kI prApti na karanA ( apuruSArtha ), vikAra prApta karanA ityAdi / ( 3 ) paramezvara ke svabhAva haiM - bhoktA ( jIva ) aura bhogya ( jar3a ) donoM ke Antarika niyantA ( Internal controller ) ke rUpa meM avasthita rahanA, asIma ( aparicchedya) jJAna, aizvarya ( Dominion ), vIrya ( Majesty ), zakti ( Power ), teja ( Brilliance ) ityAdi ananta atizayoM ( Glory ) se yukta tathA asaMkhya kalyANakArI guNoM kA samUha honA, apane saMkalpa ( icchA ) se hI pravRtta hokara apane se bhinna sArI cit aura acit vastuoM ko utpanna karanA, apane abhISTa tathA apane anurUpa, eka rUpa se tathA divya rUpa se [ yukta hokara ] niratizaya ( jise koI pAra na kara sake Unsurpassable ) vividha aura ananta bhUSaNoM ( vizeSaNoM ) ko dhAraNa karanA ityAdi / = vizeSa - Izvara ke atizayoM meM jJAna vaha guNa hai jo sadA sabhI viSayoM kA prakAzana karate hue apanA prakAzana bhI karatA hai / aizvarya : svatantratApUrvaka kArya karanA, sabhI jIvoM aura jar3oM para niyantraNa kA sAmarthya rakhanA / vIrya = saMsAra kA upAdAna kAraNa hone para bhI vikRti na honA / zakti = saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa honA, na ghaTI huI ghaTanA utpanna karanA / teja = sahakAriyoM ( Subordinates ) kI AvazyakatA na honA, dUsaroM se abhibhUta ( Controlled ) nahIM honA / isa prakAra sabhI padArthoM kI vizeSatAeM ( Characteristics ) batalAI gaI / aba veMkaTanAtha ke tattvamuktAkalApa ke AdhAra para padArthoM kA varNana hogA / veGkaTanAthena tvatthaM niraTaGki padArthavibhAgaH 8. dravyAdravyaprabhedAnmitamubhayavidhaM tadvidastattvamAhuH dravyaM dvedhA vibhaktaM jaDamajaDamiti prAcyamavyaktakAlau / antyaM pratyakparAkca prathamamubhayathA tatra jIvezabhedAnnityA bhUtirmatizcetyaparamiha jaDAmAdimAM kecidAhuH // V ( ta0 mu0 1|6 ) 9. tatra dravyaM dazAvatprakRtiriha guNaiH sattvapUrvarupetA kAlo'bdAdyAkRtiH syAdaNuravagatimAJjIva Izo'nya AtmA / samproktA nityabhUtistriguNasamadhikA sattvayuktA tathaiva jJAturjJeyAvabhAso matiriti kathitaM saGgrahAd dravyalakSma // ( ta0 mu0 117 ) ityAdinA /

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sarvadarzana saMprahe veMkaTanAtha ne padArthoM kA vibhAjana isa rUpa meM varNita kiyA hai-- 'dravya aura adravya ke bheda se do prakAra kA tatva jAnA jAtA hai--usake jJAtA loga aisA kahate haiM / dravya bhI do prakAra kA hai jar3a aura ajar3a / unameM pahalA ( jar3a ) bhI do bhedoM kA hai--avyakta ( prakRti aura jagat donoM ) tathA kAla / dUsarA ( ajar3a ) bhI do bhedoM kA haipratyak ( nikaTa ) aura parAk ( dUra ) [ apane lie prakAzita honevAlA pratyak hai, dUsaroM ke lie prakAzita ajar3a parAk hai / ] inameM bhI prathama ( pratyak ) jIva aura Izvara ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai / dUsare ( parAk ) ke bhI do bheda haiM- nityavibhUti tathA mati / pahalI ( nityavibhUti ) ko kucha vidvAn 'jar3A' bhI kahate haiM' ( tattvamuktAkalApa 1 / 6 ) | 188 'unameM dravya avasthA dhAraNa karatA hai ( yaha dravya kA lakSaNa huA - vibhinna avasthAoM meM dravya hI parivartita hotA hai / sattva Adi ( rajas, tamas ) guNoM se yukta isakI prakRti ( mUla avasthA ) hai | zabda ( varSa ) Adi ke AkAra ( rUpa ) meM kAla hai / jIva aNu tathA jJAna (avargAta ) se yukta hai, dUsarI AtmA ( cetanasvarUpa ) ko Izvara kahate haiM / nitya vibhUti ( Eternal bliss ) use kahA gayA hai jo tIna guNoM se pare ho tathA sattva guNa se yukta ho / jJAtA ( jIva + Izvara ) ko jo jJeya ( jAnane ke lAyaka ) vastu kA avabhAsa ( viSaya kA prakAza ) milatA hai, use mati kahate / isa prakAra saMkSepa meM dravya kA lakSaNa kahA gayA hai / ' ( ta0 mu0 ka0 1 / 7 ) / vizeSa- ina bhedoM ke spaSTokaraNa ke lie hama citrAMkana ( Figure ) kareM avyakta dravya kAla pratyak tattva ajar3a 1 1 parAk adravya ( Non-Substance ) jIva Izvara nityavibhUti (jar3A ) mati pahale zloka meM dravya kA vibhAjana hai, dUsare meM unake lakSaNa haiM / dravya kA sAmAnya lakSaNa hai ' dazA meM rahanA' avasthAzrayIbhUtaM dravyam ( jo avasthA kA Azraya yA AdhAra ho ) /

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rAmAnuja - darzanam ( 16. kha. jIva kA varNana ) tatra cicchandavAcyA jIvAtmAnaH paramAtmanaH sakAzAd bhinnA nityAzca / tathA ca zrutiH - 'dvA suparNA sayujA sakhAyA' ( mu0 3|1|1, zve0 4 / 6 ) ityAdikA / ata evoktaM 'nAnAtmAno vyavasthAtaH ' ( vaize0 sU0 3 / 2 / 20 ) iti tannityatvamapi zrutiprasiddham - 189 10. na jAyate mriyate vA vipazcinnAyaM bhUtvA bhavitA vA na bhUyaH / ajo nityaH zAzvato'yaM purANo na hanyate hanyamAne zarIre // ( gItA 2 / 20 ) iti / inameM 'cit' zabda se jJAta jIvAtmA ( Individual spirits ) paramAtmA se bhinna hai aura nitya hai | zruti bhI aisA kahatI hai- 'do pakSI jo sAtha rahate haiM aura mitra haiM........ ( muNDakopa 0 3 | 1|1 tathA zvetAzvataropa0 4 / 6 ) ityAdi / isIlie [ kaNAda ne bhI vaizeSika -sUtra meM ] kahA hai- 'vibhinna avasthAoM ( Conditions ) meM rahane ke kAraNa AtmA nAnA prakAra kI hai / ' ( 3 / 2 / 20 ) / usa ( jIvAtmA kI nityatA bhI zrutiyoM meM prasiddha hai - 'yaha jJAnI AtmA na to utpanna hotI hai, na maratI hai; na yaha utpanna hI huI thI aura aba utpanna hogI bhI nahIM / yaha aja ( na janma lenevAlI ), nitya ( na maranevAlI ) zAzvata ( jo kahIM se nahIM nikalI -- nAyaM kutazcit ) tathA purAnI ( kabhI utpanna jo nahIM huI - na babhUva kazcit ) hai; zarIra ke mAre jAne para yaha nahIM mArI jAtI' ( gI0 2 20, tathA kucha parivartanoM ke sAtha - nAyaM kutazcinna babhUva kazcit - kaTho0 2118 ) / vizeSa - 'dvA suparNA' kA zloka sAMkhya darzana kA mUla hai tathA bhAratIya darzanoM meM mahAvAkya ke rUpa meM uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| sunate haiM ki nIlaghATI kI khudAI meM isa zloka ke bhAva kA eka citra bhI prApta huA hai| pUrA zloka isa rUpa meM hai dvA suparNA sayujA sakhAyA samAnaM vRkSaM pariSasvajAte / tayoranya: pippalaM svAdvatti anaznannanyo'bhicAkazIti // prathama cAra padoM meM 'supAM suluk0' ( pA0 sU0 7|1|39 ) se au ke sthAna meM DA ( A ) ho gayA hai / dvau supaNoM = jIva aura Izvara, suparNa kA artha pakSI hotA hai jisake sAdRzya ke kAraNa yahA~ rUpakAtizayokti alaGkAra hai / sayujI = samAna guNavAle, sakhAyau pApa naSTa karanA Adi guNoM ke kAraNa ye Apasa meM samAna haiN| vRkSa = zarIra kyoMki vaha bhI vRkSa ke samAna kATA jAtA hai| ye donoM jIva aura IzvararUpI vRkSa para Azrita haiM / unameM eka (jIva ) susvAdu pIpala kA phala khAtA hai ( karmaphala kA bhoga karatA hai ), dUsarA ( Izvara ) binA khAye hue ( karmaphala se asaMpRkta hokara ) hI dekhatA hai ( prakAzita hotA hai ) / yahAM vAstavika viSaya ko nigalakara ( dabAkara ) suparNa, vRkSa Adi zabdoM -

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190 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai kintu artha meM unheM hI haTAnA par3egA - yaha bahuta sundara rUpakAtizayokti hai| isakI hI vyAkhyA bhAgavata meM yoM kI gaI hai suparNAvitI sadRzau sakhAyo yadRcchayetau kRtanIDau ca vRkSe / ekastayoH khAdati pippalAnnaM sa pippalAdo na tu pippalAdaH // ( 11 / 11 / 6 ) / zloka kA bhAva bahuta purAnA hai, isameM koI sandeha nahIM / 'nAnAtmAno vyavasthAtaH' kA bhAva hai ki saMsAra meM kisI ko sukha milatA hai, kisI ko duHkha, koI bandhana meM hai to koI mukta - isa prakAra kI vyavasthAeM ( vibhinna avasthAeM ) prApta hotI haiM / isalie jIvAtmAoM ko nAnA prakAra kA mAnate haiM, jIva eka nahIM hai / tattvAvalI meM kahA hai kazcidraGkaH kazcidADhyaH kazcidanyavidhaH punaH / anayevAtmanAnAtvaM sidhyatyatra vyavasthA || ( tattvA0 90 ) | isa prakAra jIvAtmA ko paramezvara se bhinna, nAnA prakAra kA tathA nitya mAnA gayA hai / aparathA kRtapraNAzAkRtAbhyAgamaprasaGgaH / ata evoktam- ' vItarAgajanmAdarzanAt' ( nyA0 sU0 3 / 1 / 25 ) iti / tadaNutvamapi zrutiprasiddham - 11. bAlAgrazatabhAgasya zatadhA kalpitasya ca / bhAgo jIvaH sa vijJeyaH sa cAnantyAya kalpate / / ( zve 0 5 / 9 ) iti / 'ArAgramAtraH puruSaH' ( zve0 5 / 8 ), 'aNurAtmA cetasA veditavyaH' ( muNDa0 3 / 1 / 9 ) iti ca / yadi jIva ko nitya nahIM mAneM ( aura jIva kI utpatti aura vinAza zarIra ke sAthasAtha mAneM to kiye gaye karma kA nAza tathA nahIM kiye gaye karma ke phala kI prApti kA saMyoga ho jAyagA / [ karma karane ke bAda zarIra ke sAtha hI jIva mara jAyagA, phira karma kA nAza hI ho jAyagA -- cArvAka mata kI siddhi hogI / jamAntara kA to abhAva hI hogA, lekina janma lete hI vyakti ko sukha, duHkha kA phala milane lagatA hai / yaha to binA kiye karma kA hI phala hai / yadi ina bAtoM ko svAbhAvika mAnate haiM to cArvAka kA celA baneM ] isIlie [ gautama ne nyAyasUtra meM ] kahA hai ki rAga ( Desire ) se rahita vyakti kA janma nahIM hotA ( nyAyasUtra 3 / 1 / 25 ) | | isase anumAna lagatA hai ki rAga se anubaddha hokara hI prANI janma letA hai / rAga tabhI utpanna kiye gaye viSayoM kA anucintana kiyA jAya / pUrvAnubhava tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba dUsare janma hotA hai jaba pahale se anubhava

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rAmAnuja-sarzanam 191 meM viSayoM kA saMsarga zarIra dhAraNa karake kiyA gayA ho| vahI jIva pUrva zarIra meM anubhUta viSayoM kA anusmaraNa karatA hai tathA unakI icchA karatA hai| yahI do janmoM kI pratisandhi hai| isa zarIra meM pahale zarIra se, usameM bhI usake pahale ke zarIra se isa prakAra anAdikAla se cetana AtmA kA sambandha zarIra se rahA hai| isalie jIva kI nityatA siddha hotI hai|] jIva kA aNu honA bhI zrutivAkyoM meM prasiddha hai-'yadi keza ke agrabhAga kA sauvA~ bhAga bhI sau bhAga meM baMTA huA mAnA jAya to isa choTe bhAga kI taraha hI jIva ( aNu ) hai, yaha jIva hI mokSa kI prApti ( Anantya Infinity ) meM samartha hai' ( zve0 5 / 9) / isake atirikta bhI kahA hai-'puruSa arA ( Spoke of a wheel ) ke antima khaNDa ke AkAra kA hai' ( zve0 5 / 8 ), AtmA aNu hai, ise citta ( buddhi ) se ho samajha sakate haiM (mu0 3 / 1 / 9) / (16. ga. acit kA nirUpaNa ) acicchandavAcyaM dRzyaM jaDaM jagatrividhaM bhogy-bhogopkrnn-bhogaaytnbhedaat| 'acit' zabda se sAmane dikhalAI par3anevAle jar3a jagat kA bodha hotA hai jisake tIna bheda haiM-bhogya ( viSaya, jaise zabda Adi ), bhoga kA upakaraNa (sAdhana, jaise indriyA~) aura bhoga kA Ayatana (sthAna, jaise zarIra ) / [ acit se rAmAnuja samUce saMsAra kA artha lete haiM jisameM zarIra, indriyA~ aura dRzya padArtha, tInoM cale Ate haiM / ] ( 17. Izvara kA nirUpaNa-unako pAMca mUrtiyA~ ) tasya jagataH kartopAdAnaM cezvarapadArthaH puruSottamo vAsudevAdipadavedanIyaH / tadapyuktam12. vAsudevaH paraM brahma kalyANaguNasaMyutaH / bhuvanAnAmupAdAnaM kartA jIvaniyAmakaH // iti / sa eva vAsudevaH paramakAruNiko bhaktavatsalaH paramapuruSastadupAsakAnuguNatattatphalapradAnAya svalIlAvazAdarcA-vibhava-vyUha-sUkSmAntaryAmibhedena paJcadhAvatiSThate / usa [ sthUla ] jagat kA racayitA aura upAdAna kAraNa ( Material cause ) bhI [prakRti ke rUpa meM sUkSmazarIradhArI ] puruSottama (paramAtmA ) hai jo Izvara zabda kA artha hai tathA jise vAsudeva Adi zabdoM ke dvArA jAnate haiN| yaha bhI kahA gayA hai'kalyANakArI guNoM se bhare hue vAsudeva hI paramabrahma ( Supreme absolute ) haiM, ve bhuvanoM ke upAdAna kAraNa haiM, nirmAtA haiM tathA jIvoM ke niyAmaka (Controller ) haiN|' ve hI vAsudeva sabase adhika dayAlu, bhaktoM se vAtsalya-prema rakhanevAle tathA sarvocca

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192 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe puruSa haiM, apane upAsakoM ke guNa ke anusAra vibhinna phala dene ke lie, apanI lIlA dikhalAte hue ve arcA ( Adoration ), vibhava ( Emanation ), vyUha ( Manifes - tation ), sUkSma ( The subtle ) tathA antaryAmI ( Internal controller ) -- ina bhedoM ke kAraNa pA~ca rUpa meM avasthita rahate haiM / tatrArcA nAma pratimAdayaH / rAmAdyavatAro vibhavaH / vyUhazcatuvidho vAsudevasaGkarSaNapradyumnAniruddhasaMjJakaH / sUkSmaM sampUrNaSaDguNaM vAsudevAkhyaM paraM brahma / guNA apahatapApmatvAdayaH / 'so'pahatapApmA vijaro vimRtyuvizoko vijighatso'pipAsaH satyakAmaH satyasaMkalpaH' ( chA0 8 / 7 / 3 ) iti zruteH / antaryAmI sakalajIvaniyAmaka: 'ya Atmani tiSThannAtmAnamantaro yamayati' ( bR0 mA0 3 / 7 / 22 ) iti zruteH / ( 1 ) arcA - pratimA Adi ko kahate haiM / [ ghara meM yA deva-mandira meM, caurAhe para yA kheta meM devatA ke rUpa meM pUjita - pratiSThita patthara, dhAtu Adi kI mUrtiyoM ko arcA kahate haiM / yaha bhI Izvara kA hI eka rUpa hai / ina pratimAoM ko sUkSma aura divyazarIrayukta paramAtmA apanA zarIra banA letA hai / yahA~ Izvara arcaka ke adhIna snAna, bhojana, yAsana, zayana Adi bhI karatA hai, yaha sarvasahiSNu hai / kahIM kahIM arcAeM svayaM prakaTa hotI haiM, kahIM devatAoM, manuSyoM yA siddha puruSoM ke dvArA sthApita hotI haiM / ] ( 2 ) vibhava - rAma Adi ke rUpa meM avatAra ko kahate haiM / [ vibhava do taraha kA hotA hai -- mukhya aura goNa / mukhya vibhava vaha hai jaba paramAtmA svecchA se vizeSa bhaktoM para anugraha karane ke lie sAkSAt prakaTa hote haiM / gauNa vibhava meM Aveza ke rUpa meM avatAra hotA hai / jIvAdhiSThita zarIra meM koI vizeSa kArya siddha karane ke lie paramAtmA apane rUpa se yA zakti se praviSTa ho jAtA hai / parazurAma Adi meM svarUpa se hI Aveza ( Entrance ) hotA hai / zakti ke dvArA Aveza vidhi, ziva Adi cetana rUpoM meM hotA hai / matsya, kUrma Adi dasa avatAra vibhava hI haiM / mukhya vibhavoM kI upAsanA mokSa cAhanevAloM ko karanI cAhie, kyoMki ye vibhava dIpa se jale dIpa ko taraha haiM / vidhi, ziva, agni, parazurAma, vyAsa Adi gauNa vibhavoM kI pUjA bhogecchu loga haM kareM / ] ( 3 ) vyUha - cAra prakAra kA hai, vAsudeva, saMkIrNa, pradya umna aura agniruddha / [ upAsanA karane ke lie tathA saMsAra kI sRSTi Adi ke lie paramAtmA hI cAra prakAroM se avasthita hai / jJAna, aizvarya Adi upayukta chaha guNoM se vAsudeva pUrNa haiM / jJAna aura bala se yukta saMkarSaNa hone haiM / pradya umna - aizvarya aura vIrya se yukta haiM aura aniruddha meM zakti tathA teja hai ( de0 anu0 16 ka. ) / smaraNIya hai ki saMkarSaNAdi meM apane do guNoM ke atirikta bhI cAroM guNa rahate haiM, para ve aprakAzita haiM- do guNa vyakta ' ( Patent )

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rAmAnuja-darzanam 193 rahate haiM / saMkarSaNa kA kArya hai - zAstra kA pravartana karanA aura saMhAra / pradya umna dharmapracAra aura sRSTi karate haiM aniruddha tattvanirUpaNa aura rakSaNa ke adhikArI haiM / kabhI-kabhI Adya vyUha ( zrIvAsudeva ) meM chahoM guNa dekhakara dUsare vyUhoM se abheda batalAkara tIna vyUhoM kA hI pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai / ] 1 ( 4 ) sUkSma - chahoM guNoM se paripUrNa vAsudeva nAma ke parabrahma ko kahate haiM / guNoM se abhiprAya hai, jisake pApa naSTa ho gaye haiM, ityAdi / zrutivAkya bhI hai-- 'vaha ( paramAtmA ) pAparahita, jarAhIna, mRtyuhIna zokahIna, bhUkha se rahita tathA pyAsa se rahita hai, satya hI usakI kAmanA hai aura satya hI saGkala ( Resolution ) bhI hai' ( chA0 8 / 713) / [ sUkSma rUpa meM avasthita paramAtmA nArAyaNa haiM, vaikuNThapurI ke nivAsI haiM, divyAlaya meM mahAmaNimaNDapa se yukta siMhAsana meM zeSanAga ko palaGga banAkara baiThate haiM / divya, kalyANakArI vigraha ( zarIra ) dhAraNa karate haiM, lakSmI ke sAtha haiM, caturbhuja hokara zaGkha, cakrAdi divya AyudhoM se bhare hue, ananta garur3Adi ke dvArA upAsya haiM / mukta lo inheM prApta karate haiM / ] ( 5 ) antaryAmI - ye sabhI jIvoM kA niyamana ( Control ) karate haiM / vedavAkya bhI hai - 'jo AtmA meM sthita hokara niyantrita karatA hai / ' ( bR0 mA0 3 / 7 / 22 ) [ jIvAtmA ke avasthita paramAtmA hI antaryAmI hai / yogI loga ise dekha doSoM se bacA rahatA hai / yahI antaHkaraNa yA ghaTa-ghaTa kA antaryAmI paramAtmA hai, jo sabhI manuSyoM ko acche-bure kAma meM pravRtta aura nivRtta karatA hai / ] hI AtmA ko mitra ke rUpa meM yadyapi yaha jIva ke sAtha hai para jIva ke tatra pUrvapUrvamUrkyupAsanayA puruSArthaparipanthiduritanicayakSaye satyuttarottaramUrtsyapAstyadhikAraH / taduktam // 13. vAsudevaH svabhakteSu vAtsalyAttattadohitam / adhikAryAnuguNyena prayacchati phalaM bahu || 14. tadarthaM lIlayA svIyAH pazvamUrtIH karoti vai / pratimAdikamarcA syAdavatArAstu vaibhavAH // bhItara se hRdaya meM pAte haiM / inameM hareka pahalI mUrti kI upAsanA se puruSArtha meM bAdhA pahu~cAnevAle pApoM ke samUha kA vinAza ho jAtA hai, aura taba bhakta ko hara dUsarI mUrti kI upAsanA kA adhikAra prApta hotA hai / [ arcA ke bAda hI vibhava kI upAsanA ho sakatI hai aura taba hI vyUha kIisI krama se upAsanA kA adhikAra prApta hotA hai| eka-eka mUrti kI upAsanA se kucha-nakucha pApa kaTa hI jAte haiM / ] yahI kahA hai - ' apane bhaktoM para vAtsalya prema rakhane ke kAraNa, vAsudeva, apane pratyeka bhakta kI kAmanAoM kI pUrti adhikAriyoM ke guNa ke Agraha se karate haiM aura bahuta phala 13 sa0 saM0

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194 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe dete haiM // 13 // isIlie lIlA dikhAte hue ve apanI pAMca mUrtiyAM rakhate haiM--pratimAdi ko arcA kahate haiM, avatAra vibhava se sambaddha haiM // 14 // 15. saGkarSaNo vAsudevaH pradyumnazcAniruddhakaH / vyUhazcaturvidho jJeyaH sUkSma sampUrNaSaDguNam // 16. tadeva vAsudevAkhyaM paraM brahma nigadyate / antaryAmI jIvasaMstho jIvapreraka IritaH // 17. ya AtmanIti vedAntavAkyajAlanirUpitaH / ___arthopAsanayA kSipte kalmaSe'dhikRto bhavet // 18. vibhavopAsane pazcAd vyahopAstau tataH param / sUkSme tadanu zaktaH syAdantaryAmiNamIkSitum // iti| 'saMkarSaNa, vAsudeva, pradyumna aura aniruddha-isa prakAra vyUha cAra prakAra kA samajheM / chahoM guNoM se paripUrNa ( mUrti ) ko sUkSma kahate haiM, ise hI vAsudeva nAmaka parabrahma kahate haiM / antaryAmI jIva meM sthita jIva ke preraka ke rUpa meM samajhA jAtA hai // 15-16 // ' 'jo AtmA meM...'isa prakAra ke vedAnta ( upaniSad )-vAkyoM ke samUha se vaha nirUpita hotA hai / arcA kI upAsanA karane se pApa ke naSTa ho jAne para, bhakta, vibhava kI upAsanA kA adhikAra pAtA hai| bAda meM vyUha kI upAsanA meM adhikRta hotA hai, taba sakSma kI upAsanA meN| usake bAda hI bhakta antaryAmI ko dekhane kI zakti pA sakatA hai // 17-18 // ' (18. upAsanA ke pA~ca prakAra aura mukti) tadupAsanaM ca paJcavidhamabhigamanamupAdAnamijyA svAdhyAyo yoga iti zrIpaJcarAtrebhihitam / tatrAbhigamanaM nAma devatAsthAnamArgasya sammArjanopalepanAdi / upAdAnaM gandhapuSpAdipUjAsAdhanasampAdanam / ijyA nAma devatApUjanam / svAdhyAyo nAma arthAnusandhAnapUrvako mantrajapo vaiSNavasUktastotrapATho nAmasaMkIrtanaM tattvapratipAdakazAstrAbhyAsazca / yogo nAma devatAnusaMdhAnam / ___ usa ( Izvara ) kI upAsanA pA~ca prakAra kI hotI hai-abhigamana ( Access ), upAsanA ( Preparation ), ijyA ( Oblation ), svAdhyAya ( Recitation ) aura yoga ( Devotion ), aisA zrIpaJcarAtra nAmaka grantha ( lekhaka ajJAta, prAcIna grantha) meM likhA hai| deva-mandira ke rAste ko sApha karanA, lIpanA Adi abhigamana hai / gandha phUla Adi pUjA kI sAmagriyoM ko ekatra karanA upAdAna hai / devatA kI pUjA karanA ijyA hai / artha para dhyAna rakhate hue mantroM kA japa karanA, vaiSNava sUktoM aura stotroM kA pATha karanA, nAma kA kIrtana karanA tathA tattva kA pratipAdana karanevAle zAstroM kA abhyAsa karanA svAdhyAya kahalAtA hai / devatA kA dhyAna karanA yoga hai|

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195 rAmAnuja-darzanam evamupAsanAkarmasamuccitena vijJAnena draSTRdarzane naSTe bhagavadbhaktasya tanniSThisya bhaktavatsalaH paramakAruNikaH puruSottamaH svayAthAtmyAnubhavAnuguNaniravadhikA nandarUpaM punarAvRttirahitaM svapadaM prayacchati / smRti: tathA ca 19. mAmupetya punarjanma duHkhAlayamazAzvatam / nApnuvanti mahAtmAnaH saMsiddhi paramAM gatAH // ( gI0 8 / 15 ) iti / 20. svabhaktaM vAsudevo'pi saMprApyAnandamakSayam / punarAvRttirahitaM svIyaM dhAma prayacchati / / iti ca / isa prakAra upAsanArUpI karma se paripUrNa [ antaryAmI ke ] jJAna se jaba jIva ( draSTA ) kA apane karmoM ko dekhanA samApta ho jAtA hai, taba Izvara meM niSThA rakhanevAle bhagavAn ke bhakta ko, bhaktavatsala, parama dayAlupuruSottama apanA vaha pada dete haiM jisameM Izvara ke yathArtha rUpa kA anubhava karane ke anurUpa aparimita Ananda prApta hotA hai, aura jahA~ se phira AvRtti ( Return ) nahIM hotI hai| smRtiyoM meM aisI hI bAta hai-- 'mujhe pAkara mahAtmA loga punarjanma-rUpI asthira duHkha - bhANDAra meM praveza nahIM karate haiM, ve sabase U~cI siddhi pA haiM (gItA, 8 / 15 ) / ' isI prakAra - ' vAsudeva bhI apane bhakta ko pAkara akSaya- Ananda ke rUpa meM apanA sthAna pradAna karate haiM jahA~ se phira lauTakara AnA nahIM hai / ' vizeSa - yaha svAbhAvika hai ki jIva apane Apa ko dekhatA ho, usakI yaha dRSTi banda ho jAtI hai / jIva kA apane rUpa ko dekhanA mokSa kA pratibandhaka hai / bRhadAraNyakopaniSad ( 3 / 4 / 2 ) meM kahA hai-- na dRSTerdraSTAraM pazyeH arthAt dRSTi karanevAle ko mata dekho / jIva ko apane rUpa ko dekhanA nahIM cAhie / phira 'AtmAnaM viddhi' ( apane ko pahacAno ) kA kaise artha hogA ? yaha smaraNa rakhanA hai ki darzana karanevAlA ( draSTA ) jIva hai jaba ki darzana kiyA jAnevAlA ( draSTavya ) paramAtmA hai, jo jIva ke antara meM nivAsa karatA hai / 'draSTavyaH zrotavyaH mantavyo nididhyAsitavya:' meM jIva kA apane rUpa se pRthak antarAtmA ko dekhane Adi kA vidhAna hai / jIva indriyoM ke adhIna darzana-zakti prApta karate haiM / una jIvoM ko dekhanA nahIM cAhie, pratyuta unake antargata virAjamAna, vibhu, antaryAmI paramAtmA ko dekheM / svAntarAtmA ko dekheM, jIva ko nahIM, kyoMki yaha to sA~sa letA hai / isalie 'draSTR - darzane naSTe' kA artha hai ki jaba jIva apane Apa ko yA apane karmoM ko dekhanA banda kara detA hai, usakI yaha svAbhAvika zakti naSTa ho jAtI hai taba bhagavAn apane dhAma meM praviSTa karAte haiM / ( brahmasUtra kI vyAkhyA - prathama sUtra ) tadetatsarvaM hRdi nidhAya mahopaniSanmatAvalambanena bhagavadbodhAyanAcAryakRtAM brahmasUtravRtti vistIrNAmAlakSya rAmAnujaH zArIrakamImAMsA

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe bhASyamakArSIt / tatra 'athAto brahmajijJAsA' (bra0 sU0 11111 ) iti prathamasUtrasyAyamarthaH - atrAthazabdaH pUrvavRttakarmAdhigamanAnantaryArthaH / taduktaM vRttikAreNa - vRttAtkarmAdhigamAdanantaraM brahma vividiSatIti / 196 to uparyukta sArI bAtoM ko hRdaya meM beThAkara, bar3I-bar3I ( mukhya ) upaniSadoM se matoM kA Azraya lete hue, bhagavAn bodhAyanAcArya kI likhI huI brahmasUtra kI vRtti ko bahuta vizAlakAya dekhakara rAmAnuja ne zArIraka -mImAMsA ke Upara bhASya ( zrIbhASya ) likhA / isameM 'athAto brahmajijJAsA' isa brahmasUtra ke prathama sUtra kA artha isa prakAra hai- 'atha ' kA artha hai, abhI taka jina karmoM kA varNana [ mImAMsAsUtra meM ] kiyA gayA hai usako samajha lene ke bAda / vRttikAra ne kahA hI hai- 'abhI taka varNita karmoM ko samajhane ke bAda hI brahma ko jAnanA cAhatA hai / ' vizeSa- rAmAnuja ke zrIbhASya likhane ke pUrva bhI viziSTAdvaita kA siddhAnta thA / vizeSakara viSNupurANa para hI yaha sampradAya avalambita thA jisakI sAmpradAyika TIkA zrInAthamuni ne kI thI / bodhAyana aura TaMkAcArya ne brahmasUtra kI vRttiyA~ likhIM tathA dramiDA - cArya ne bhASya likhA thA / rAmAnuja ne ina matoM kA manyana karake eka sundara rIti se sampradAya kA pravartana kiyA, yahI unakA avadAna hai / rAmAnuja kA samaya hai 1019 se 1139 I0 / jaba ki IsA ke pUrva se hI mahAbhArata, paJcarAtra Adi granthoM se yaha sampradAya puSpita - pallavita ho rahA thA / 'atha' ( isake bAda ) apane sAtha kucha AkAMkSA rakhatA hai ki kisake bAda ? do mImAMsAoM ke bIca meM isakA prayoga batalAtA hai ki brahma kI jijJAsA karmoM kI mImAMsA ke anantara hI hotI hai / ataH zabdo hetvarthaH / adhotasAGgavedasyAdhigatatadarthasya vinazvaraphalAtkarmaNo viraktavAda hetoH sthiramokSAbhilASukasya tadupAyabhUtabrahmajijJAsA bhavati / brahmazabdena svabhAvato nirastasamastadoSAnavadhikAtizayAsaMkhyeyakalyANaguNaH puruSottamo'bhidhIyate / evaM ca karmajJAnasya tadanuSThAnasya ca vairAgyotpAdanadvArA cittakalmavApanayadvArA ca brahmajJAnaM prati sAdhanatvena tayoH kAryakAraNatvena pUrvottaramImAMsayorekazAstratvam / ata eva vRttikArAH - ' ekamevedaM zAstraM jaiminIyena SoDazalakSaNena' ityAhuH / 'ata: ' ( isalie ) kA prayoga hetu ke artha meM huA hai / artha hogA- jo vyakti aMgoM ke sAtha bedoM ko par3ha cukA hai, vaha nazvara phala rakhanevAle karmoM ke sampAdana se virakta ho jAtA hai; yahI kAraNa hai ki sthira ( anazvara ) mokSa kI icchA rakhanevAle vyakti ko brahma ko jAnane kI icchA hotI hai, kyoMki yahI usa ( mokSaprApti) kA upAya hai / yaha svAbhAvika

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rAmAnuja-darzanam 197 hai ki 'brahma' zabda se usa puruSottama kA bodha ho jo sAre doSoM se rahita hai, avadhihIna ( Unlimited ) vizeSatAoM se yukta hai tathA asaMkhya kalyANakArI guNoM se bharA hai / isa prakAra karmoM kA jJAna aura unake anuSThAna [ mana meM karmoM kI ora se ] vairAgya utpanna kara dete haiM tathA mana ke sAre pApoM kA bhI nAza kara dete haiM / isalie brahmajJAna ke lie ye sAdhanasvarUpa haiM / phala yaha huA ki kArya ( brahmajJAna ) aura kAraNa ( karma aura anuSThAna ) ke rUpa meM ina donoM pUrva mImAMsA tathA uttara mImAMsA meM ekazAstratA (saMgati Continuity ) siddha ho jAtI hai / [ donoM kA nAma mImAMsA ho hai, eka pUrva hai, dUsarI uttara- isase bhI donoM kI ekazAstratA jAnI jAtI hai / ] isIlie vRtti ke racayitA ( bodhAyana) kA kahanA hai ki SoDaza adhyAyoM ( jaimini ke 12 adhyAya tathA saMkarSaNakANDa ke cAra adhyAya = : 16 adhyAya ) meM likhe gaye jaimini - racita mImAMsAsUtra se yaha zAstra eka ( milA huA, eka = saMyukta is one with ) hai | ( 19. ka. karma ke sAtha brahma kA jJAna mokSa kA sAdhana hai ) karmaphalasya kSayitvaM brahmajJAnaphalasya cAkSayitvaM 'parIkSya lokAtkarmacitAntAnbrAhmaNo nirvedamAyAnnAstyakRtaH kRtena' ( mu0 1 / 2 / 12 ) ityAdizrutibhiranumAnArthApattyupabRMhitAbhiH pratyapAdi / ekaikAnindayA karmaviziSTasya jJAnasya mokSasAdhanatvaM darzayati zrutiH21. andhaM tamaH pravizanti ye'vidyAmupAsate / tato bhUya iva te tamo ya u vidyAyAM ratAH // ( bR0 4|4|10 tathA I09 ) 22. vidyAM cAvidyAM ca yastadvedobhayaM saha / avidyayA mRtyuM tIrtvA vidyayA'mRtamaznute // - ( I0 11 ) ityAdi / 'karma se prApta (svargAdi) lokoM kI parIkSA karake brAhmaNa vairAgya prApta kara le kyoMki akRta ( nitya Inartificial, genuine, paramAtmA ) kI prApti kRta ( karma ) se nahIM hotI' ( muNDaka 1 / 2 / 12 ) / isa prakAra kI zrutiyoM kI mahattA anumAna aura arthApatti pramANoM se aura bhI bar3hAkara inake dvArA karmoM ke phala ko nazvara aura brahmajJAna ke phala ko akSaya dikhalAyA gayA hai / eka-eka kI ( kevala karma kI yA kevala jJAna kI ) nindA karake karma se viziSTa ( yukta ) jJAna ko hI zruti mokSa kA sAdhana batalAtI hai - ' jo avidyA ( jJAna se bhinna, kevala karma ) kI upAsanA karate haiM ve loga ghanaghora andhakAra ( naraka ) meM praveza karate haiM / jo kevala vidyA (jJAna) meM rata haiM ve to aura bhI ghane andhakAra peM par3ate haiM / ' ( vR0 4 / 4 / 10, I0 9 ) ' vidyA ( jJAna ) tathA avidyA ( karma ) donoM ko sAtha-sAtha jo

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198 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe vyakti jAnatA hai vaha avidyA se mRtyu ( jJAnotpatti kA pratibandhaka, puNya-pAparUpI prAktana karma ) ko pArakara vidyA ( paramAtmA kI upAsanA ) se amRta ( mokSa ) prApta karatA hai' ( I0 11 ) / vizeSa - karmaphala kI nazvaratA tathA brahmajJAna ke phala kI sthiratA kA pratipAdana karanevAlI anya zrutiyA~ haiM--tadyatheha karmacito lokaH kSIyata evamevAmutra puNyacito lokaH kSIyate ( chA0 8 / 1 / 6 ); antavadevAsya tadbhavati ( vR0 32810 ), na dhruve: prApyate dhruvaM karmabhi: ( kA0 2110 ) / isa viSaya meM anumAna isa prakAra hogA - ( 1 ) karmaphala nazvara hai, kyoMki yaha utpanna hotA hai ( hetu ) jaise ghaTAdi ( udAharaNa ) | ( 2 ) brahmajJAna kA phala avinAzI hai, kyoMki yaha utpanna nahIM hotA, jaise AtmA / arthApatti pramANa se bhI yaha siddha hogA - zuka, vAmadeva Adi ne apane karmoM kA tyAga kiyA thA, yadi hama karmaphala kI nazvaratA nahIM mAneM to usakI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI / 21 veM zloka meM kevala karma yA kevala brahmajJAna kI nindA kI gaI hai, 22 veM donoM kA aMgAMgisambandha dikhalAyA gayA hai / taduktaM pAzvarAtra rahasye 23. sa eva karuNAsindhurbhagavAnbhaktavatsalaH / upAsakAnurodhena bhajate mUrtipazvakam // 24. tadarcAvibhavavyUhasUkSmAntaryAmisaMjJakam / yadAzrityaiva cidvargastattajjJeyaM prapadyate 25. pUrvapUrvoditopAstivizeSakSINakalmaSaH uttarottaramUrtInAmupAstyadhikRto bhavet // 26. evaM hyaharahaH zrautasmArtadharmAnusArataH / uktopAsanayA puMsAM vAsudevaH prasIdati // pAJcarAtrarahasya meM kahA hai--' ve hI bhagavAn jo dayA ke samudra tathA bhakti para vAtsalya prema rakhanevAle haiM, upAsakoM yA bhaktoM ke Agraha se pAMca prakAra kI mUrtiyA~ dhAraNa karate haiM / / 23 / / ve haiM, arcA, vibhava, vyUha, sUkSma tathA antaryAmI, jinakA Azraya lekara jIvoM kA samUha kramazaH jJAna kI avasthAoM ko prApta karatA hai || 24 // manuSya ke pApa ukta mUrtiyoM meM hara pahalI mUrti kI upAsanA se naSTa hote jAte haiM aura bhakta udhara hara dUsarI mUrti kI upAsanA kA adhikArI banate jAtA hai / / 25 / / isa prakAra zrutiyoM aura smRtiyoM meM kahe gaye dharmoM ( kartavyoM) ke anusAra uparyukta [ mUrtiyoM kI ] upAsanA se mAnavoM para vAsudeva bhagavAn prasanna hote haiM / / 26 / / 27. prasannAtmA haribhaktyA nididhyAsanarUpayA / avidyAM karmasaGghAtarupAM sadyo nivartayet //

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rAmAnuja-darzanam 199 28. tataH svAbhAvikAH puMsAM te sNsaartirohitaaH| Avirbhavanti kalyANAH sarvajJatvAdayo gunnaaH|| 29. evaM guNAH samAnAH syurmuktAnAmIzvarasya ca / sarvakartRtvamevaikaM tebhyo deve viziSyate // 30. muktAstu zeSiNi brahmaNyazeSe zeSarUpiNaH / sarvAnaznuvate kAmAnsaha tena vipazcitA // iti / 'nididhyAsana ( dhyAna Meditation ) ke rUpa meM bhakti rakhane para hari prasanna ho jAte haiM tathA karmoM ke samUha ke rUpa jo avidyA hai use turata naSTa kara dete haiM / / 27 // usake bAda saMsAra ( AvAgamana ) ko naSTa kara denevAle kalyANakArI sarvajJatva Adi guNa prakaTa hote haiM jo manuSyoM meM svAbhAvika rUpa se haiM // 28 / / isa prakAra muktoM aura Izvara ke sAre guNa samAna ho jAte haiM, kevala eka guNa Izvara meM vizeSa hai-saboM kA nirmANa karanA ( niyamana karanA bhI isI meM hai ) // 29 // azeSa ( jo kisI kA aMga nahIM hai, Absolute pUrNa ) zeSI ( aMgI ) meM zeSa ( aMga ) ke rUpa meM ye mukta puruSa ho jAte haiM ( brahma meM usake aMga ke rUpa meM mila jAte haiN)| usa brahmamaya jJAna ke sAtha-sAtha usaka sabhI guNoM kI bhI prApti ye ( mukta ) loga karate haiM // 30 // vizeSa-mukta puruSoM aura Izvara meM sabhI guNoM kI samAnatA hone para bhI kucha vilakSaNatA hI raha jAtI hai| jIva kisI bhI avasthA meM ( mukta hone para bhI ) Izvara ke samAna saMsAra kA nirmANa tathA cit-acit kA niyantraNa nahIM kara sktaa| isI Azaya se vyAsa ne brahmasUtra meM likhA hai--jagadvayApAravarja prakaraNAdasannihitatvAcca (4 / 4 / 17-18) jar3apadArtha kI utpatti, pAlana aura saMhAra tathA cit-acit kA niyamana karanA, yaha jagat kA vyApAra hai| inheM chor3akara hI mukta puruSa meM IzvaratA ( aizvarya ) AtI hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki kucha zrativAkyoM meM aise prakaraNa Aye haiM, jaise-yatA vA imAni bhUtAni jAyante0 ( te0 3.1), yaH pRthivImantaro yamayati (bR. 3 / 7 / 3 ) ityAdi / pahalI zruti meM padArthoM kI utpatti Adi kA ullekha hai, dUsarI meM Izvara kI niyAmaka-zakti kaa| isake atirikta upayukta vyApAra meM mukta puruSa kA sannidhAna kA nahIM / ataH mukta kI IzvaratA sImita hai / 30veM zloka meM brahma ko zeSI arthAt aMgI kahA gayA hai kyoMki cit aura acit isake aMga haiN| Izvara svayaM meM pUrNa hai, kisI kA aMga nahIM hai, isalie use azeSa kahA gayA hai / ye mukta puruSa usakA aMga bana jAte haiM / antima paMkti ke do artha ho sakate haiMeka meM 'vipazcitA' ko apradhAna kartA banA sakate haiM, dUsare meM apradhAna karma / tRtAyA vibhakti meM saha kA prayoga batalAtA hai ki vaha zabda apradhAna ho jAyagA / yadi yaha apradhAna kartA hai taba muktoM kI pradhAnatA rahegI-muktA: tena IzvareNa maha sarvAn kAmAn

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200 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ( IzvaraguNAn ) prApnuvanti / mukta loga pradhAnataH prApta karate haiM, Izvara gauNataH / isameM doSa hotA hai ki Izvara se muktoM ko adhika UMcA sthAna milaa| dUsarI ora yadi yaha apradhAna karma bana jAya to sArI bAta sahaja hai-mukta puruSa Izvara ke guNoM kI prApti pradhAnataH karate haiM, sAtha-sAtha Izvara kI prApti bhI karate haiN| apradhAna karma bana jAne para Izvara kI mahattA meM kucha kamI nahIM huI, balki Izvara se usake guNoM kA mAhAtmya adhika dikhalAyA gayA hai| yaha acchA hI hai| (20. brahma-jijJAsA kA artha ) tasmAttApatrayAturairamRtatvAya puruSottamAdipadavedanIyaM brahma jijJAsitavyamityuktaM bhavati / 'prakRtipratyayau pratyayArthaprAdhAnyena saha brUta itaH sano'nyatra' iti vacanabalAdicchAyA iSyamANapradhAnatvAdiSyamANaM jJAnamiha vidheyam / tacca dhyAnopAsanAdizabdavAcyaM vedanaM na tu vAkyajanyamApAtajJAnan / padasandarbhazrAviNo vyutpannasya vidhAnamantareNApi prAptatvAt / isalie tIna prakAra ke tApoM se vyAkula puruSoM ko amaratva ( mokSa ) kI prApti ke lie puruSottama Adi zabdoM ke dvArA bodhita brahma kI jijJAsA karanI cAhie-pahI kahane kA matalaba hai| [ san-pratyaya ke prakaraNa meM par3hA gayA vyAkaraNazAstra kA yaha niyama hai ki ] isa san-pratyaya ke prakaraNa ko chor3akara dUsare sthAnoM meM jaba prakRti (dhAtu yA prAtipAdika Root, stem ) aura pratyaya ( Suflix ) milakara artha kA prakAzana karate haiM taba pratyaya ke artha kI pradhAnatA samajhI jAtI hai-isa vAkya ke bala se [ 'jijJAsA' (jJA jAnanA, san-pratyaya = icchA karanA ) zabda meM, jahA~ pratyaya icchA ke artha meM hai ] icchA kI pradhAnatA nahIM hai, balki iSTa vastu kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| isalie prastuta prasaMga meM icchA kiyA jAnevAlA ( abhISTa Desired ) jJAna hI vidheya ke rUpa meM hai [ jijJAsA kA artha 'jJAnaviSayaka icchA' nahIM hai, balki 'icchA kA viSaya jJAna' hai-icchA ( pratyayArtha ) kI pradhAnatA nahIM hai, jJAna (prakRti ) hI pradhAna hai, aisA san-pratyaya kA niyama hai|] . . usa jJAna kA bodha dhyAna, upAsanA Adi zabdoM ke dvArA hotA hai, na ki kevala vAkya kA zravaNa karane ke bAda hI utpanna arthajJAna / vyutpanna puruSa padoM kA sandarbha ( Context ) munakara hI, binA kisI vidhAna ( Injunction ) ke hI, unakA artha samajha letA hai| [ kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki brahma kA jJAna kevala vAkyoM ko sunakara unakA artha samajha lene me nahIM hotA jaisA ki laukika jJAna meM hotA hai| bhUgola meM par3hate haiM ki kolambo laMkA kI g2ajadhAnI hai aura hameM isakA jJAna ho jAtA hai / brahma ke jJAna meM aisI bAta nahIM hai| dhyAna, upAsanA Adi ko brahma-nAna kahate haiM, kevala UparI jJAna ko nhiiN| yadi aisA nahIM hotA no 'athAto brahmajijJAsA' meM kiyA gayA jJAna kA vidhAna vyartha hI thaa| laukika vAkyoM meM diye gaye jJAna ke bAda yaha nahIM kahA jAtA hai ki isa vAkya ko jAnanA cAhie, vidhAna

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rAmAnuja darzanam 201 nahIM hotA hai / vyutpanna puruSa prasaMga dekhakara apane Apa samajha lete haiM / para yahA~ brahma ke jJAna kA vidhAna hai isalie yaha sAdhAraNa jJAna nahIM - upAsanA Adi ke rUpa meM yahA~ yaha jJAna hai jisake lie vidhi dI gaI hai / ] vizeSa- -tApa tIna prakAra ke haiM-- AdhyAtmika, Adhibhautika aura Adhidaivika / AtmA ke yahA~ do artha haiM zarIra aura antaHkaraNa / zarIra meM bhUkha-pyAsa ke rUpa meM dhAtuoM ke prakopa se jvara honA, atisAra Adi AdhyAtmika tApa haiM / antaHkaraNa meM utpanna kAma, krodha, lobha, moha, bhaya, IrSyA, viSAda, saMzaya Adi se utpanna kaSTa bhI AdhyAtmika hI haiM / bhUta = mA~ ke peTa se janma lenevAle ( jarAyu-ja ) aNDaja, svedaja aura udbhijja (vanaspati) ke rUpa meM cora, vairI, siMha, bAgha, pakSI, sA~pa, joka, per3a-paudhe Adi / inase honevAle kaSTa adhibhautika haiM, deva = yakSa Adi svarga ke nivAsI, havA, pAnI, dhUpa, zIta, garmI aadi| inase hone vAle tApa Adhidaivika haiM / vyAkaraNa meM prakRti - pratyaya ke yoga se pada banatA hai, prakRti kA bhI kucha artha rahatA hai ( arthavadadhAturapratyayaH prAtipadikam tathA dadhAti arthAniti dhAtuH ), pratyaya kA bhI / kintu pratyaya kA artha hI pradhAna hotA hai - dazaratha + iJ ( apatyArthaka pratyaya ) | = dazaratha ke putra ( dAzarathiH ) / dazaratha kI mukhyatA nahIM hai, apatya hI mukhya hai / gam + tip ( lakAravacana - puruSa viziSTa pratyaya ) = gacchati, gamanAnukUlaka vyApAra se adhika mukhya pratyayAMza hai hai jisase lakAra ( vartamAna kAla ), ekavacana tathA prathama puruSa kI vizeSatA vyakta hotI hai / pratyaya kI pradhAnatA san ke prakaraNa meM nahIM hotI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki 'jijJAsA' zabda meM icchA ko dabAkara jJAna pradhAna ho gayA hai / jJAna kA artha zravaNa, manana, upAsanA Adi hai / ise vyakta karane ke lie zrutivAkya uddhRta kiye jA rahe haiM / 'AtmA vA are draSTavyaH zrotavyo mantavyo nididhyAsitavyaH' ( bR0 2 / 4 / 5), 'AtmetyevopAsIta' ( bR0 1 / 4 / 7 ) 'vijJAya prajJAM kurvIta ' ( bR0 4 / 4 / 21 ), 'anuvidya vijAnAti' ( chA0 8 / 7 / 1 ) ityAdizratibhyaH H / atra 'zrotavyaH' ityanuvAdaH / adhyayanavidhinA sAGgasya svAdhyAyasya grahaNe'dhItavedasya puruSasya prayojanavadarthadarzanAttannirNayAya svarasata eva zravaNe pravartamAnatayA tasya prAptatvAt / 'sacamuca AtmA ko dekhanA cAhie, sunanA cAhie, manana karanA cAhie, dhyAna lagAnA cAhie' ( bRhadAraNyako 0 2 / 4 / 5), 'AtmA kI hI upAsanA karanI cAhie, (vahI, 11417 ), ' [ zravaNa aura manana se AtmA ko ] jAnakara prajJA ( nididhyAsana )

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202 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe kareM' ( vahI, 4 / 4 / 21 ), [zravaNa aura manana ke dvArA ] jAnakara hI vizeSa jJAna prApta kareM' ( chA0 871 ) ityAdi zrutivAkyoM se [ yaha siddha hotA hai ki jJAna kA artha zravaNa, manana, upAsanA Adi hai ] / yahA~ 'zrotavya' zabda vyAkhyAtmaka hai| adhyayana kA vidhAna karanevAle vAkya ( svAdhyAyo'dhyetavyaH ) se aGgoM ke sAtha [ vedoM ke ] svAdhyAya kA grahaNa hotA hai ( brAhmaNena niSkAraNo dharmaH SaDaGgo vedo'dhyeyo jJeyazca ) / isalie jo puruSa vedoM kA adhyayana kara letA hai vaha apane Apa ( svarasataH ) hI vedoM ko saprayojana ( sArthaka Useful ) samajhate hue, unameM artha dekhakara, artha kA nirNaya karane ke lie zravaNa ( gurumukha se vedArtha ko sunane ) meM pravRtta hotA hai / ataH [ jJAna meM zravaNa kI ] prApti hotI hai / [ jJAna meM zravaNa kA artha kaise hotA hai, ise hI samajhA rahe haiM / 'brAhmaNena niSkAraNo0' vAle uddharaNa meM chaha aGgoM ke sAtha vedoM ke adhyayana aura jJAna kA vidhAna hai| adhyayana (akSara-grahaNa ) ke bAda jaba vedArthajJAna kI AvazyakatA hotI hai taba gurumukha se sunanA hI par3atA hai, ataH zravaNa ke binA jJAna nahIM hotaa|] ___ mantavya iti cAnuvAdaH / zravaNapratiSThArthatvena mananasyApi prAptatvAt / aprApte zAstramarthavaditi nyAyAt / dhyAnaM ca taladhArAvadavicchinnasmRtisantAnarUpam / 'dhruvA smRtiH smRtipratilambhe sarvagranthInAM vipramokSa' iti dhruvAyAH smRtireva mokSopAyatvazravaNAt / sA ca smRtidarzanasamA nAkArA / 'manana karanA cAhie' yaha bhI vyAkhyAtmaka zabda hai / zravaNa ko dRr3hatA se pratiSThita karane ke lie manana kI prApti bhI Avazyaka hai / isake lie eka niyama hai ki jaba taka [ manana kI ] prApti nahIM hotI, taba taka zAstra sArthaka (kevala arthayukta, vizeSa kucha nahIM) rahatA hai / tela kI dhArA ke samAna smaraNa kI avicchinna ( Unbroken ) paramparA ko dhyAna kahate haiM / [ jaba smRti kI paramparA bIca meM na TUTe, cAhe dUsare prakAra kI-vijAtIya smRtiyA~ lAkha jyavadhAna DAlatI hoM, taba use dhyAna ( Meditation ) kahate haiN|] 'dhruvA smRti' ( nirantara paramAtmA kA dhyAna) vaha hai jisameM smRti nirantara rahatI hai (pratilambha ), aura sabhI granthiyoM ( karmoM, pApoM, saMzayoM ) kA mokSa ho jAtA hai-isa prakAra dhruvA smRti ( Continued Remembrance ) ko hI mokSa kA upAya kahate haiM, aisA sunA jAtA hai / yaha (dhruvA ) smRti darzana ke hI samAna AkAra dhAraNa karatI hai ( darzana zabda se dhyAna kA bhI bodha ho jAtA hai / ) vizeSa-isa prakAra yaha siddha kiyA gayA ki darzana yA jJAna meM zravaNa, manana aura . dhyAna tInoM cale Ate haiN| darzana aura dhyAna meM ekatA kA pradarzana karanevAlA zloka nIce diyA jA rahA hai|

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rAmAnuja-darzanam 31. bhidyate hadayagranthizchidyante srvsNshyaaH| kSIyante cAsya karmANi tasmindRSTe parAvare // (mu0 2 / 2 / 8) ityanenaMkavAkyatvAt / tathA ca 'AtmA vA are draSTavyaH' (bR0 2 / 4 / 5) ityanenAsyA darzanarUpatA vidhIyate / bhavati ca bhAvanAprakarSAtsmRterdarzanarUpatvam / vAkyakAreNaitatsarvaM prapaJcitaM 'vedanamupAsanaM syAt' ityAdinA / 'usa paramAtmA ko dekha lene ( dhyAna meM le Ane) para hRdaya kI granthiyA~ ( rAga, dveSAdi ) chinna-bhinna ho jAtI haiM, sAre sandeha miTa jAte haiM, jIva ke karma bhI naSTa ho jAte haiM ( kevala prArabdha karma rahatA hai ), (mu0 2 / 2 / 8 ) [ isa zloka meM 'darzana' kA artha 'smRti' hI hai ] ataH donoM vAkyoM meM samAnatA hai isalie dhyAna (dhruvA smRti ) ko bhI darzana kahate haiM / usI prakAra 'AtmA vA are draSTavyaH' (bR0 2 / 4 / 5) isa vAkya meM truvA smRti ko darzana ke rUpa meM liyA gayA hai| bhAvanAoM ke prakarSa (vizeSatA ) ke kAraNa smRti darzana ke rUpa meM hai bhI / vAkyakAra ( vRtti ke racayitA ) ne ina saboM kA savistAra varNana kiyA hai-vedana ko AsanA kahate haiM, ityAdi / tadeva dhyAnaM vizinaSTi zrutiH32. nAyamAtmA pravacanena labhyo na medhayA na bahunA zrutena / yamevaiva vRNute tena labhyastasyaiSa AtmA vivRNute tanUM svAm // (kaTha0 2 / 23 ) / priyatama eva hi varaNIyo bhavati / yathA'yaM priyatama AtmAnaM prApnoti, tathA svayameva bhagavAn prayatama iti bhagavataivAbhihitam33. teSAM satatayuktAnAM bhajatAM prItipUrvakam / dadAmi buddhiyogaM taM yena mAmupayAnti te // ( gI0 10 / 10 ) iti / puruSaH sa paraH pArtha bhaktyA labhyastvananyayA / (gI0 8 / 22 ) iti ca / zruti meM isI dhyAna kI vizeSatAeM batalAI gayI haiM-'isa AtmA ko pravacana ( vyAkhyAna Exposition ) se nahIM pA sakate haiM; na to adhika buddhi rakhane se aura na hI adhika vidyA pAne se [ ise pA sakate haiM ] / jisa upAsaka-vizeSa kA, [ nididhyAsana se prasanna hokara ] yaha paramAtmA varaNa ( Selection ) karatA hai, vahI ise pA sakatA hai| usa upAsaka ko yaha paramAtmA apanA zarIra ( rUpa ) dikhalAtA hai / ' (ka0 2 / 23 ) / sabase adhika priya vyakti kA ho varaNa kiyA jAtA hai| yaha priyatama ( upAsaka ) jisameM AtmA ko prApta kare, isake lie bhagavAn svayaM prayAsa karate haiM-yaha bhagavAn ne hI kahA

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204 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe hai - 'jo nirantara mere sAtha yukta hone kI icchA karate haiM tathA prItipUrvaka merA bhajana karate haiM, unheM maiM buddhi-yoga ( bhakti ) detA hU~ jisase ve mere pAsa cale Ate haiM, / ' ( gI0 10 / 10 ) tathA, 'he arjuna, vaha parama puruSa ( paramAtmA ) ananya ( ekaniSTha ) bhakti se hI pAyA jA sakatA hai / ' ( gI0 822 ) [ isa prakAra yaha nididhyAsana bhakti kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai / ] ( 21. bhakti kA nirUpaNa ) niratizayAnandapriyAnanyaprayojana-sakaletaravaitRSNyavajjJAna bhaktistu vizeSa eva / tatsiddhizca vivekAdibhyo bhavatIti vAkyakAreNoktaMtallabdhivivekavimokAbhyA sAkriyAkalyANAnava sAdAnuddharSebhyaH nirvacanAcceti / tatra viveko nAmAduSTAdannAtsattvazuddhiH / atra nirvacanam - ' AhArazudvaH sattvazuddhiH sattvazuddhayA dhruvAsmRtiH' iti / vimokaH kAmAnabhiSvaGgaH / zAnta upAsIteti nirvacanam / sambhavA bhakti eka prakAra ke jJAna ko ho kahate haiM jisameM niratizaya ( Unsurpassable ) Ananda ke samAna priya paramAtmA ke atirikta dUsarA koI bhI prayojana ( lakSya ) nahIM hai tathA jisameM anya sabhI viSayoM se vitRSNA yA vairAgya rahatA hai / [ jisa jJAna kA lakSya paramAtmA hai tathA jise pAkara sabhI vastuoM se vairAgya ho jAtA hai usI jJAna ko bhakti kahate haiM | ] usakI siddhi viveka Adi se hotI hai jaisA ki vAkyakAra ne kahA hai- 'usa ( bhakti ) kI prApti viveka ( Discrimination ), vimoka ( Exemption ), abhyAsa ( Practice ), kriyA ( Observance ), kalyANa ( Excellence ), anavasAda ( Freedom from Despondency ) tathA anuddharSa ( Satisfaction ) ke dvArA, yukta ( sambhava ) tathA nirvacana ( vyAkhyA ) ke anusAra hotI hai / ' [ bhakti kI prApti ke ye sAdhana haiM, inameM do bAteM rahatI haiM - sambhava ( yukti ) arthAt pratyeka sAdhana kA yuktiyukta lakSaNa diyA jAtA hai tathA pratyeka kI vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai jo prAmANika vacanoM ke rUpa meM rahatI hai / isa prakAra lakSaNa aura vyAkhyA karake bhakti-prApti ke upAyoM ko samajhAte haiM / unameM viveka kA artha hai, a-dUSita anna se sattva ( prakRti ) kI zuddhi, [ yaha sambhava hai ] aba isakA nirvacana hai- ' AhAra kI zuddhi se prakRti zuddha hotI hai, prakRti kI zuddhi se dhruvA smRti prApta hotI hai / ' vimoka kAmanAoM meM Asakti na rakhane ko kahate haiM / isakA nirvacana hai zAnta hokara ( viSayoM se aspRSTa hone para ) upAsanA kare / ' - ke vizeSa - anna ( bhojana ) tIna prakAra lahasuna -pyAja Adi dUSita haiM / Azraya-doSa se doSa se dUSita hotA hai - jAtidoSa se patita - cANDAla Adi kA anna dUSita hotA

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rAmAnuja-carzanam 205 hai aura nimitta-doSa se jUThA, bAsI Adi dUSita hai| tInoM doSoM rahita anna ke sevana se zarIra-zuddhi hotI hai / bhakti ke sAdhanoM kA prathama lakSaNa diyA jAtA hai / phira prazna uThatA hai ki kyoM ise bhakti yA dhruvA smRti kA sAdhana mAnate haiM ? taba Agama-pramANa diyA jAtA hai jisameM usa sAdhana se sambaddha bAteM rahatI haiM, isI ko nirvacana kahate haiN| punaH punaH saMzolanamabhyAsaH / nirvacanaM ca smArtamudAhRtaM bhASyakAreNa'sadA tadbhAvabhAvitaH' ( gI0 8 / 6 ) iti / zrautasmAtakarmAnuSThAnaM zaktitaH kriyaa| 'kriyAvAneSa brahmavidAM variSThaH' iti nirvacanam / satyArjavadayAdAnAdIni kalyANAni / 'satyena labhyata' ityAdi nirvacanam / dainyaviparyayo'na vasAdaH / 'nAyamAtmA balahInena labhyaH' (mu0 3 / 2 / 4) iti nirvacanam / tadviparyayajA tussttruddhrssH| tdvipryyo'nuddhrssH| 'zAnto dAnta' iti nirvacanam / [ devatA kA ] bAra-bAra cintana karanA abhyAsa hai, isake lie bhASyakAra ( rAmAnuja ne ) smRti se hI nirvacana uddhRta kiyA hai-'usa (paramAtmA ) ke bhAvoM meM jo vyakti sadA hI nirata hai' ( go0 8 / 6 ) apanI zaktike anusAra zrutiyoM aura smRtiyoM ( purANoM aura itihAsoM) meM pratipAdita karmoM kA anuSThAna ( Performance ) karanA kriyA hai / isakA nirvacana yaha hai--'jo puruSa kriyAyukta hai vaha brahmavettAoM meM sarvazreSTha hai / ' satya ( saba jIvoM kI bhalAI ), Arjava ( mana, vacana aura karma kI ekarUpatA), dayA ( apane svArtha para dhyAna na rakhate hue dUsaroM ke duHkhoM ko na sahanA), dAna ( binA lobha ke dravyAdi denA ) Adi kAryoM ko kalyANa kahate haiM / isakA nirvacana hai-'satya se pAyA jAtA hai| ityAdi / [ deza, kAla kI pratikUlatA ke kAraNa yA zoka-vastu ke smaraNa se utpanna mana kI zithilatA ko dInatA kahate haiM usI ] dInatA se rahita hone ko anavasAda kahate haiM / isakA nirvacana hai-'balahIna vyakti isa AtmA ko nahIM pA sakate' (mu0 3 / 2 / 4) / uparyukta dInatA ke viruddha kAryoM ( deza-kAla ko anukUlatA hone yA priya vastu kA smaraNa karane se mana kI zithilatA se utpanna santoSa ko uddharSa kahate haiM, isakA ulaTA anaddhaSaM hai, [ zoka kI taraha ati santoSa bhI mana ko zithila kara detA hai isalie usakA abhAva kahA gayA hai ( abhya0 )] / isakA nirvacana hai--'jo puruSa zAnta hai, indriyoM ko dabAye hue hai|' vizeSa-uddharSa ( ut = adhika, harSa = prasannatA ) / koI bar3I prasannatA kI bAta sunakara mana bA~soM uchala par3atA hai, manuSya ko apane Upara niyantraNa nahIM rahatA / yaha santoSa nahIM, ati santoSa kI avasthA hai / para aisA santoSa nahIM cAhie, santoSa aisA ho jisameM mana kA niyantraNa ( dAnta ) rahe / isalie donoM hI santoSa hai, eka atisantoSa, dUsarA zAntipUrNa santoSa / pahale ko vilAsamaya santoSa ( Luxurious satisfaction ) kahate haiM jo asantoSa hI hai| dUsarA zAnti kI avasthA ( State of tranquillity ) hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki isake nirvacana meM 'zAntaH dAntaH' kA prayoga kiyA hai|

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206 sarvadarzanasaMgrahetadevamevaMvidhaniyamavizeSasamAsAvita-puruSottama-prasAda-vidhvasta-tamaHsvAntasya ananyaprayojanAnavarataniratizaya-priya-vizavAtmapratyayAvabhAsatApannadhyAnarUpayA bhaktyA puruSottamapadaM labhyata iti siddham / taduktaM yAmunena-ubhayaparimitasvAntasyakAntikAtyantikabhaktiyogo labhya iti / jnyaankrmyogsNskRtaantHkrnnsyetyrthH| ____ isa prakAra vaha vyakti jo ina vizeSa niyamoM kA sampAdana karake prasanna kiye gaye puruSottama bhagavAn kI kRpA se apane bhItara ke sAre andhakAroM ko naSTa kara cukA hai, aisI bhakti se puruSottama kA pada prApta karatA hai jisa bhakti meM [ paramAtmA ko chor3akara ] koI dUsarA prayojana nahIM rakhakara, nirantara sabase adhika ( niratizaya ) priya AtmA ke vizada pratyaya (vicAra) arthAt spaSTa avabhAsa kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| [ isa lambe samastapada-yukta-vAkya kA artha yahI hai ki uparyukta niyamoM se paramezvara ko pAkara unakI kRpA se sAre karmoM kA kSaya kara deM tathA usameM nirantara dhyAna lagAkara unakI bhakti dikhalAyeM jisase paramezvara kA paramapada vaikuNTha prApta ho / ] ____ yAmunAcArya ( samaya 1040 I0, racanAe-AgamapramANya, siddhitraya, gItArthasaMgraha aura stotraratna ne ) kahA hai-'donoM ( jJAna aura karma ) ke dvArA jisakA antaHkaraNa zuddha ho gayA ho vahI ekAntika ( Final ) tathA Atyantika ( Absolute ) pUrNa bhaktiyoga pA sakatA hai / ' tAtparya yaha hai ki jJAnayoga aura karmayoga se jisakA antaHkaraNa saMskAravAn ho cukA hai [ vahI vyakti paramapada pA sakatA hai / ] (22. dvitIya sUtra-brahma kA lakSaNa ) kiM punarbrahma jijJAsitavyamityapekSAyAM lakSaNamuktam-'janmAdyasya yataH' ( brahmasUtram 111 / 2) iti / janmAdIti sRSTisthitipralayam / tadguNasaMvijJAno bhuvriihiH| asyAcintyavividhavicitraracanasya niyatadezakAlabhogabrahmAdistambaparyantakSetrajJamizrasya jagato, yato = yasmAt sarvezvarAt nikhilaheyapratyanIkasvarUpAt satyasaMkalpAdyanavadhikAtizayAsaMkhyeyakalyANaguNAt sarvajJAtsarvazakteH puMsaH sRSTisthitipralayAH pravartanta iti sUtrArthaH / ___ aMba prazna hotA hai ki kisa brahma kI jijJAsA karanI cAhie ? isakI AzaMkA se hI brahma kA lakSaNa kahA gayA hai-'jisase isa ( saMsAra ) ke janmAdi hote haiM' (bra0 sU0 111 / 2) janmAdi kA artha hai sRSTi, sthiti aura pralaya / [ 'janmAdi' zabda meM ] bahuvrIhi samAsa hai jo apane andara sthita padoM ke arthoM ko bhI grahaNa karatA hai ( tadguNasaMvijJAna ) / sUtra kA yaha artha hai-asya = isa acintanIya ( Inconceivable ) vividha prakAra kI vicitra racanAoM vAle tathA nizcita dezakAla meM phala ko bhogane kA niyama brahmA se lekara tRNa ( stamba ) paryanta sabhI jIvoM (kSetrajJoM) jahA~ samAna (mizra ) hai, aise jagat kA,

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207 rAmAnuja-darzanam yataH = ve sarvezvara, jo sabhI tyAjya guNoM ke virodhI rUpa meM rahate haiM, jo satyasaMkalpa ( Firm resolution ) Adi ananta atizayoM se yukta haiM, asaMkhya kalyANakArI guNoM ke bhANDAra haiM sarvajJa haiM, tathA sarvazaktimAna haiM, una puruSottama se, sRSTi, sthiti tathA pralayaye sabhI pravRtta hote haiN| vizeSa-bahuvrIhi samAsa ke svapadArtha ko lekara do bheda haiM-tadguNasaMvijJAna aura atadguNasaMvijJAna / jaba samAsa meM sthita padoM ke arthoM kA ( tadguNAnAM) sambandha kArya ( kriyA ) se ho taba use tadguNasaMvijJAna kahate haiM, jaise-lambakarNamAnaya / yahA~ 'Anaya' ( lAo) kriyA se 'lamba' aura 'karNa' donoM ke arthoM kA sambandha hai-lambe kAnavAle pazu ko lAnA hai; pazu ke sAtha ye donoM bhI Ate haiN| dUsarI ora, 'dRSTasAgaramAnya' meM 'Anaya' kA sambandha TATa aura sAgara ke sAtha nahIM hai / jaba puruSa ko lAyA jAyagA, taba sAgara aura dRSTa zabdoM ke artha nahIM hoNge| yaha atadguNasaMvijJAna bahuvrIhi ( Bahuvrihi of separable attribute ) hai / kabhI-kabhI tadguNasaMvijJAna zabda kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra hotI hai-tat = vizeSya, guNa = vizeSaNa, sam = eka karanA / jisa bahuvrIhi meM vizeSya aura vizeSaNa ko eka kriyA se sambaddha jAnA jAya, vaha tadguNasaMvijJAna hai / lamba aura karNa zabda 'pazu' ke vizeSaNa haiM, pazu vizeSya hai| ataH pazu ko lAne ke sAtha inake vizeSaNoM ko bhI lAnA abhISTa hotA hai, lamba aura karNa ko pRthak karake pazu nahIM lAyA jA sakatA / lekina puruSa ko lAte samaya 'sAgara' nahIM AtA aura na AtA hai / dRSTa zabda kA artha-ye vizeSaNa vizeSya se pRthak ho gaye / 'janma Adi yasya tat' meM bhI tadguNasaMvijJAna ( Inseparable attribute ) hai, kyoMki brahma ke kAryoM meM saboM kA grahaNa ho jAtA hai, janma aura Adi donoM kA / jagat ke do vizeSaNa diye gaye haiM-eka meM acit kA vizleSaNa hai dUsare meM cit kA / acidaMza ke viSaya meM socanA bhI kaThina hai ki vaha kitane prakAra kA hai aura kitanA vicitra hai| vaha jIva kI kRti nahIM hai ki usake viSaya meM kucha soca-vicAra kara sakeM, yaha to Izvara kI acintyazakti kA mUrtarUpa hai| dUsarI ora cidaMza hai jisameM phalabhoga kA sarvasAdhAraNa niyama sabhI jIvoM meM lagA huA hai cAhe vaha brahma ho yA tuccha tRNakhaNDa ho, use kisI viziSTa kAla aura deza meM phala bhoganA hI par3atA hai| isa prakAra, brahma vaha hai jisase saMsAra kI utpatti, sthiti aura pralaya hotI hai / ( 23. tRtIya sUtra-brahma ke viSaya meM pramANa ) itthaMbhUte brahmaNi kiM pramANamiti jijJAsAyAM zAstrameva pramANamityuktam-'zAstrayonitvAt' (70 sU0 1 / 1 / 3 ) iti| zAstraM yoniH kAraNaM pramANaM yasya tasya tacchAstrayoni / tasyabhAvaH tattvaM tasmAt / brahmajJAnakAraNatvAcchAstrasya tadyonitvaM brahmaNaH ityrthH|

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe isa prakAra ke brahma ko siddha karane ke lie kyA pramANa hai ? yadi yaha pUchA jAya to usakA uttara pahale se hI taiyAra hai ki zAstra hI brahma kI siddhi ke lie pramANa haiMkyoMki zAstra hI usa ( brahma kI siddhi ) ke lie pramANa ( yoni ) haiM ( pra0 sU0 11113 ) | zAstra jisako yoni arthAta kAraNa yA pramANa hai vaha ( brahma ) zAstrayoni hai / usakA bhAva yA tattva ( zAstrayonitva ), isa kAraNa se -- [ zAstrayonitvAt ] / zAstra cUMki brahmajJAna kA kAraNa hai isalie vaha brahma kI yoni ( kAraNa ) kahalAtA hai / yahI artha huA / 208 na ca brahmaNaH pramANAntaragamyatvaM zaGkituM zakyam / atIndriyatvena pratyakSasya tatra pravRttyanupapattatteH / nApi mahArNavAdikaM sakartRkaM, kAryatvAd, ghaTavadityanumAnam / tasya pUtikUSmANDAyamAnatvAt / tallakSaNaM brahma 'yato vA imAni bhUtAni' ( tai0 21111 ) ityAdi vAkyaM pratipAdayatIti sthitam / aisI zaMkA bhI nahIM kI jA sakatI ki brahma [ zAstra = Agama ke atirikta ] kisI dUsare pramANa se jAnA jA sakatA hai / vaha ( brahma ) indriyoM kI pahu~ca ke pare hai isalie pratyakSa pramANa kI to vahA~ pravRti nahIM ho sakatI / 'samudra Adi sakatR' ka ( Having a doer ) haiM kyoMki ye kArya haiM jaise ghaTa' isa prakAra kA anumAna [ jaisA ki naiyAyika loga Izvara kI siddhi ke lie upasthita karate haiM ] bhI nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki yaha pUrti - kUSmANDa ( gale hue kumhar3e ) kI taraha [ dUra se hI tyAga karane yogya ] hai / isa prakAra ke lakSaNoM se yukta brahma kA pratipAdana 'jisase ye saba dRzyamAna padArtha nikale ( tai0 2 / 111 ) ityAdi vAkya karate haiM- yaha siddha ho gayA / vizeSa-pUrti kA artha 'galA huA' tathA eka latA - vizeSa bhI hai| jisa prakAra pUrti se sAdhya ( sakartRtva ) kI kara rahA hai, aisA nahIM latA meM kumhar3e kA phala nahIM ho sakatA usI prakAra ukta hetu siddhi nahIM ho sakatI / samudra, parvata Adi kA nirmANa koI milatA / isalie kAryatva - hetu asiddha hai| na to ise pratyakSa se hI jAnate haiM na anumAna se hI / isake alAve yadi parvata, samudra Adi ko kArya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kareM to bhI yaha nahIM pramANita hotA ki kisI eka ( kartA ) ne hI una saboM kA nirmANa kiyA hai| jisase eka Izvara ko hI saboM kA nirmAtA siddha kreN| yaha bhI nahIM kaha sakate ki jIvoM meM parvatAdi nirmANa karane kI sAmarthya nahIM hai-bar3e-bar3e maharSiyoM aura devatAoM meM siddhi ke bala se aisI sAmarthya pAI gaI hai| isake atirikta saMsAra kA nirmAtA Izvara zarIradhArI hai ki zarIrahIna ? yadi zarIrahIna hai to kartA bana nahIM sakatA kyoMki aisA koI pramANa nahIM hai | zarIradhArI hone para usakA zarIra nitya hogA yA anitya / yadi nitya hai to avayavoM se yukta vaha Izvara nitya hogA aura saMsAra bhI nitya mAnA jAyagA / jaba saMsAra

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rAmAnuja- darzanam 209 nitya hI hai to kArya ( utpanna ) kaise hogA ? usakI utpatti kI kyA AvazyakatA ? vaha to sadA se hai - isa prakAra Izvara ko siddhi nahIM hogI / yadi usakA zarIra anitya hai to kisane zarIra ko utpanna kiyA ? svayaM Izvara ne hI kiyA to bhI ThIka nahIM, kyoMki zarIrahIna vaisA nahIM kara sakatA / yadi dUsare zarIra se utpanna kiyA to phira prazna hogA ki usa zarIra ko kisane utpanna kiyA ? isa prakAra anavasthA hogii| isake atirikta zarIra ke abhAva meM saMsAra kA utpAdanarUpI koI bhI vyApAra usase sambhava nahIM hai / jaba vyApAra nahIM to, vaha kartA kaise banegA ? isa pUre vicAra se siddha huA ki Izvara kI siddhi ke lie anumAna pramANa nahIM ho sakatA / anya sabhI pramANa nirasta haiM, ataH Agama - pramANa se hI brahma ko siddhi ho sakatI hai / ( 24. caturtha sUtra - zAstroM kA samanvaya ) yadyapi brahma pramANAntaragocaratAM nAvatarati tathApi pravRttinivRttiparatvAbhAve siddharUpaM brahmana zAstraM pratipAdayituM prabhavatItyetatparyanuyogaparihArAyoktam- ' tattu samanvayAt' ( bra0 sU0 1 / 1 / 4 ) iti / tuzabdaH prasaktAzaGkAvyAvRttyarthaH / tacchAstrapramANakatvaM brahmaNaH sambhavatyeva / kutaH samanvayAt / paramapuruSArthabhUtasyaiva brahmaNo'bhidheyatayAnvayAdityarthaH / ? yaha zaMkA kI jA sakatI hai ki yadyapi brahma ko dUsare pramANoM se nahIM jAnA jA sakatA, phira bhI yadi zAstra pravRtti aura nivRtti kA saMketa na kare to siddhabrahma kA pratipAdana vaha nahIM kara sakatA / [ yadi zAstra siddha brahma kA pratipAdana karatA hai to kisI kA pravartaka aura nivartaka vaha nahIM ho sakatA / isalie na to vaha sukha kI prApti karA sakegA, na duHkha kI nivRti ho / binA prayojana ke use kauna par3hegA ? ataH zAstra aprAmANika na ho, isalie use siddhabrahma kA pratipAdaka nahIM honA cAhie / ] isI zaMkA ke parihAra ke lie kahA gayA hai--' usa ( zAstra - pramANa ) ko to samanvaya ( Reconciliation ) se [ samajhate haiM ] ( bra0 sU0 1 / 114) / yahA~ 'tu' ( to ) zabda prApta zaMkA kI nivRtti karane ke lie hai / tat = zAstra ke dvArA prAmANita honA, brahma ke viSaya meM sambhava hai, para kaise ? samanvaya se arthAt parama puruSArthasvarUpa brahma hI abhidheya [ ina zAstroM meM ] hai, jinake sAtha unakA sambandha dikhAyA gayA hai / [ prathama sUtra meM brahma kA hI nAma liyA gayA hai, vahI manuSyoM kA antima lakSya hai, yahI uddezya hai, usI kA sambandha zAstroM ke sAtha dikhalAyA gayA hai / isase patA lagatA hai ki siddha - brahma kA pratipAdana karane para bhI zAstra prayojana haiM / ] na ca pravRttinivRttyoranyataravirahiNaH prayojanazUnyatvam / svarUpapareSvapi 'putraste jAto' 'nAyaM sarpaH' ityAdiSu harSaprAptibhayanivRttirUpaprayojanavattvaM 14 sa0 saM0

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210 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe dRSTameveti na kizvidanupapannam / viGmAtramiha pradarzitam / vistarastvAkarAve vAvagantavya iti vistArabhIruNodAsyata iti sarvamanAkulam / // iti zrImatsAyaNamAdhavIye sarvadarzanasaMgrahe rAmAnujadarzanam // aisI bAta nahIM hai ki pravRtti yA nivRtti meM se kisI eka ke na hone se koI cIja nirarthaka ho jAtI hai / kevala vastusthiti ( yA svarUpa ) kA nirdeza karanevAle 'tumheM putra utpanna huA', 'yaha sA~pa nahIM hai' isa prakAra ke [ siddha ] vAkyoM meM harSa kI prApti tathA bhaya kA nivRttirUpI prayojana hotA to hai hI- phira bhI koI inheM asiddha nahIM kahatA / [ tAtparya yaha nikalA ki siddha-vAkya meM bhI prayojana rahatA hai / isalie siddha-brahma ke pratipAdana ke lie pravRtta zAstroM meM pravRtti nivRtti hai, ve zAstra arthavAna ( saprayojana ) haiM - isameM sandeha nahIM / ) yahA~ isa darzana kA kevala sAmAnya nirdeza kiyA gayA hai, vistArapUrvaka siddhAntoM kA nirUpaNa Akara -granthoM ( jaise zrIbhASya, tattvamuktAkalApa, yatIndramatadIpikA Adi ) se hI samajha leM / vistAra hone ke bhaya se aba Age kI bAteM chor3a deM, saba kucha spaSTa hai / 1 isa prakAra zrImAn sAyaNa - mAdhava ke sarvadarzanasaMgraha meM rAmAnujadarzana [ samApta huA ] | // iti bAlakavinomAzaGkareNa racitAyAM sarvadarzanasaMgrahasya prakAzAkhyAyAM vyAkhyAyAM rAmAnujadarzanamavasitam //

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pUrNaprajJa-darzanam tattvadvayaM svaparatantramiheti bhedo jIvo'NurIzvara ito jagato nimittam / vedAntabhASyamiti tatra mataM vidhAtre ____ madhvAya pUrNadhiSaNAya namazcirAya ||-RssiH / ( 1. dvaitavAda kI rAmAnujamata se samatA aura viSamatA ) tadetadrAmAnujamataM jIvANutva-dAsatva-vedApauruSeyatva-siddhArthabodhakatvasvataHpramANatva-pramANatritva-paJcarAtropajIvyatva-prapaJcabhedasapyatvAdisAmye'pi parasparaviruddhabhedAdipakSatrayakakSIkAreNa kSapaNakapakSanikSiptamipyupekSamANaH 'sa AtmA tattvamasi' (chA0 6187) ityAdivedAntavAkyajAtasya majhyantareNAntaraparatvamupapAdya brahmamImAMsAvivaraNavyAjena AnandatIrthaH prsthaanaantrmaasthisst| ___rAmAnuja ke darzana meM [ hamAre darzana = dvaitavAda se ] ina bAtoM meM samatA hai-jIva ko aNu ( Atomic ) mAnanA, use Izvara kA dAsa mAnanA, vedoM ko apauruSeya (nitya ) mAnanA, vedoM ko siddha vastu ( brahma ) kA bodhaka mAnanA, vedoM ko apane-Apa meM pramANa mAnanA (parataH pramANa nahIM mAnanA), tIna pramANa (pratyakSa, anumAna aura zabda) mAnanA, paJcarAtra-grantha para apane siddhAntoM ko AdhArita karanA, prapaJca aura usake bhedoM ( AtmA se AkAzAdi kI bhinnatA) ko satya mAnanA ityAdi / itanA hone para bhI paraspara virodhI ( Mutually contradictory ) bheda, [ abheda tathA bhedAbheda ke rUpa meM tIna pakSoM ko svIkAra karane se ( dekhiye rAmAnujadarzana, anu016) ukta-darzana kSapaNako (jenoM ) ke [saptabhaMgInaya kI taraha virodhI ] pakSoM ko svIkAra karane kI mUrkhatA karatA hai isalie usakI apekSA karate haiM / 'vaha AtmA hai, vaha tumhIM ho' ( chA0 687) ityAdi vedAntavAkyoM meM ve dUsarI bhaMgI (tAtparya ) se dUsarA hI artha siddha karate haiM / AnandatIrtha (madhvAcArya, pUrNaprajJa) ne ukta bAteM dikhalAte hue brahmamImAMsA (brahmasUtra ) kI vyAkhyA (vivaraNa = vyAkhyAnagrantha kA vyAkhyAna ) karane ke bahAne eka navIna prasthAna ( sampradAya System of Philosphy ) hI pravartita kara diyA hai| vizeSa-mAdhavAcArya ne pUrNaprajJa-darzana kA Arambha bahuta sundara DhaMga se kiyA hai| bahuta hI saMkSepa meM rAmAnuja aura madhva ke siddhAntoM kI tulanA ho gii| rAmAnuja kA mata

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212 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe viziSTAdvaita hai jisameM Izvara ko cid acida se viziSTa mAnakara, tIna tattva pratipAdana karane para bhI advaita ( Monism ) kA pakSa liyA gayA hai| madhva isa pracchannatA se dUra bhAgate haiM / sIdhe dvaitamata ( Dualism ) kA hI prasthAna rakhate haiM jisameM svatantra paramezvara tathA paratantra jIva ko svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai / donoM hI zrota dArzanika haiM, zrutiyoM para AdhArita haiM, paJcavarAtra kA smRti rUpa meM AdhAra lete haiM-- tarkabala se apane siddhAntoM kI sthApanA karate haiM, pracchanna tArkika haiM / isalie bahuta dUra taka donoM meM sAmya hai / parantu rAmAmuja madhva se kucha adhika catura haiM, kyoMki eka ora to lambI-caur3I bhUmikA bA~dhakara jainoM ke syAdvAda kI nindA karate haiM ( dekhiye, Arambhika aMza ), dUsarI ora kahate haiM ki - 'sarvaM tattvam, bhedo'bhedo bhedAbhedazca' / antara itanA hI hai ki jaina sAta virodhI vAkya rakhate haiM, rAmAnuja tIna se hI saMtuSTa haiM / para tattva vahI hai / rAmAnuja chipakara calate haiM ki tattva advaita hai, para usake do vizeSaNa bhI haiN| madhva becAre sIdhe sAde AdamI binA kisI durAva ke do tattva pRthak-pRthak mAna lete haiM / donoM AcAryoM ko apane abhISTa artha kI siddhi ke lie mUla zrutiyoM, vedAntasUtroM Adi ko tor3anA-maror3anA par3A hai jisameM koI bhI nahIM hicakate / 1 ( 2. dvaitavAda ke tattva - bheda kI siddhi ) tanmate hi dvividhaM tattvaM svatantraparatantrabhedAt / taduktaM tattvaviveke1. svatantraM paratantraM ca dvividhaM tattvamiSyate / svatantro bhagavAnviSNu nirdoSo'zeSasadguNaH // iti // ina ( AnandatIrtha ) ke mana se do prakAra ke tattva haiM-- svataMtra aura parataMtra / tattvaviveka nAma ke grantha meM kahA gayA hai--' do prakAra kA tattva rakhA jAtA hai, svatantra aura paratantra / inameM svataMtra svayaM bhagavAn viSNu haiM jo nirdoSa haiM tathA [ svatantratA, zakti, vijJAna, sukha Adi ] sabhI acche-acche guNoM se bhare hue haiM / ' I nanu sajAtIya- vijAtIya-svagata- nAnAtvazUnyaM brahma tattvamiti pratipAdakeSu vedAnteSu jAgarUkeSu kathamazeSasadguNatvaM kathyata iti cet, maivam / bhedapramApakabahu pramANavirodhena teSAM tatra prAmANyAnupapatteH / tathA hi pratyakSaM tAvadidamasmAdbhinnam iti nIlapItAderbhedamadhyakSayati / [ advaita vedAntI aisI zaMkA kara sakate haiM- ] brahmatattva sajAtIya ( apanI jAti me), vijAtIya ( dUsarI jAti ke padArthoM se ) tathA svagata ( apane-Apa meM vizeSaNoM ke dvArA ), ina tInoM bhedoM ( nAnAtva) se rahita hai - isa prakAra kI bAteM pratipAdita karanevAle upaniSad vAkyoM ke rahate hue Apa loga Izvara ke viSaya meM yaha kaise kahate haiM ki vaha bhI sadguNoM se bharA huA hai ? [ hamArA uttara yaha hai ki ] aisI bAta nahIM hai, bahuta se aise vAkya haiM jo bheda ko hI pramANita karate haiM, unake sAtha upaniSad - vAkyoM kA

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pUrNapraza-darzanam 213 virodha hogA aura isalie unheM ( bhedazUnya brahma ke pratipAdaka vAkyoM ko ) hama prAmANika nahIM mAna sakate / udAharaNArtha pratyakSa ko hI leM, 'yaha ( vastu ) usa ( vastu ) se bhinna hai| isa prakAra nIla-pIta Adi padArthoM meM bheda kI sattA ko vaha (pratyakSa) pramANita karatA hai| vizeSa-bheda tIna prakAra ke haiM, kyoMki unameM pratiyogI tIna prakAra ke hote haiMsajAtIya, vijAtIya tathA svagata / jisa bheda meM pratiyogI ( Opponent ) apanI jAti ( Class ) kA hI ho use sajAtIya bheda kahate haiN| paramAtmA kA jIvAtmA se kiyA gayA bheda yA eka vRkSa kA dUsare vRkSa se kiyA gayA bheda sajAtIya ( Homogeneous ) bheda hai| pratiyogI dUsarI jAti kA hone para bheda vijAtIya hotA hai, jaise paramAtmA kA AkAzAdi pratiyogiyoM se dikhalAyA gayA bheda yA per3a kA patthara se bheda / donoM kI do jAtiyAM hone se bheda vijAtIya ( Heterogeneous) hai| svagata (Internal ) bheda vaha hai jisameM kisI vastu kA usake avayavoM (svagata ) se bheda karAyA jAya / udAharaNArtha; paramAtmA kA apane andara vidyamAna karuNA, Ananda Adi vizeSaNoM se bheda yA vRkSa kA bheda phala, phUla, pattoM se karanA svagata-bheda hai|| ukta tInoM bhedoM kA niSedha 'sadeva somyedamana AsIt / ekamevAdvitIyam' (chA0 dhArA ityAdi vAkyoM se brahma ke viSaya meM hotA hai| zruti kA artha yahI hai ki tattva eka hI thA usameM koI bheda nahIM, kintu yadi unheM saguNa mAnate haiM to guNoM ke sAtha honebAlA kama-se-kama svagata bheda to unameM avazya hI hotaa| ataH ukta zruti kA virodha dvaitamata kA pratipAdana karane se hotA hai| kintu madhvAcArya aisI zrutiyoM kI prAmANikatA isalie svIkAra nahIM karate ki paramAtmA meM bheda kA pratipAdana karanevAle bahuta se pramANa haiM / unakA bhI apalApa karanA sambhava nahIM hai| __isake bAda vibhinna pramANoM se bheda kI siddhi kI ceSTA kI jAtI hai| pratyakSa, anumAna aura zabda-tInoM pramANa ke rUpa meM rakhe jAte haiN| pratyakSa-pramANa to spaSTa batalAtA hai ki saMsAra meM bheda kI sattA hai| nIla se pIta, manuSya se pazu, pustaka se pASANa jyA bhinna nahIM ? (3. pratyakSa se bheda-siddhi-zaGkA ) atha manyethAH-ki pratyakSa bhedamevAvagAhate kiMvA mipratiyogighaTitam ? na prathamaH, mipratiyogipratipattimantareNa tatsApekSasya bhedasyAzakyAdhyavasAyAt / dvitIye'pi mipratiyogigrahaNapuraHsaraM bhedagrahaNamathavA yugapattatsarvagrahaNam ? - na pUrvaH, buddhaviramya vyApArAbhAvAt / anyonyAzrayaprasaGgAcca / nApi caramaH, kAryakAraNabuddhayoyogapadyAbhAvAt / mipratItihi bhedapratyayasya

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahekAraNam / evaM pratiyogipratItirapi / sannihite'pi miNi vyavahitapratiyogijJAnamantareNa bhevasyAjJAtatvenAnvayavyatirekAbhyAM kAryakAraNabhAvAvagamAt / tasmAnna bhedapratyakSa suprasaramiti cet / [ bheda-jJAna ko asvIkAra karate hue zaMkarAcArya ke anuyAyI bheda ke viSaya meM zaMkA karate haiM-] Apa kyA mAnate haiM, kyA pratyakSa ( Perception ) sIdhe bheda kA hI jJAna karA detA hai yA vaha dharmI ( vastu ) tathA usake pratiyogI ( virodhI vastu ) ke jJAna ke AdhAra para [ bheda kA jJAna karAtA hai ] ?' pahalA vikalpa nahIM mAna sakate, kyoMki jaba taka dharmI kA aura usake pratiyogI ( Opponent ) kA jJAna nahIM hogA, taba taka unhIM donoM para nirbhara karanevAle bheda kA jJAna prApta karanA asambhava hai [ AdhAra-dharmI aura pratiyogI ke jJAna ke binA Adheya kA kese jJAna hogA? nIla aura pIta-donoM ko yathAvat samajhane para hI donoM bheda samajha sakate haiM / yadi sIdhe bheda kA pratyakSa karane kA dambha rakheM to vyartha hai, asambhava hai|] yadi dUsarA vikalpa lete haiM [ ki dhamoM aura pratiyogI ke AdhAra para bheda kA jJAna hotA hai ] to pUche ki bheda kA yaha jJAna dharmI aura pratiyogI ke jJAna ke pazcAt hotA hai yA saboM ( tInoM ) kA jJAna eka ho sAtha ( yugapat Simultaneously ) ho jAtA hai| ukta prazna kA prathama vikalpa grAhya nahIM hai, kyoMki buddhi jaba eka bAra Thahara jAtI hai taba Age kArya-saMcAlana nahIM kara paatii| [1 'gaGgAyAM ghoSaH' meM gaGgA zabda eka vizeSa prakAra ke jala kA artha detA hai| utane vyApAra ke bAda hI vaha zabda virata ho jAtA hai / ghoSa se sambandha dikhalAne ke lie gaGgA kA taTarUpI artha vaha zabda nahIM batalA sktaa| aisA karane se 'gaGgA ke kinAre gA~va kA artha bilkula saMgata ho jAtA hai / kintu vahA~ taka to usakI pahu~ca hI nahIM hai, kare to kyA kare ? isalie taTa-rUpa artha ko upasthApanA, lakSaNA-zakti dvArA, sAmIpya sambandha se, 'gaGgA' zabda kA artha 'jala' hI kara sakatA hai; jala ke nikaTa hone ke kAraNa 'taTa' artha ho gyaa| gaGgA zabda kucha nahIM kara sakAlakSaNA artha kI hI huI, zabda kI nahIM / sArAMza yaha ki zabda apanA vyApAra karake virata ho jAtA hai / 2. koI dhanurdhara bahuta tejI se bANa calAtA hai, yadyapi bANa meM 60 gaja jAne kI sAmarthya hai| parantu 30 gaja jAte hI use koI roka letA hai, basa usakA vyApAra ruka gayA, eka aMgula bhI vaha bANa aba nahIM bar3ha sakatA / ataH karma ruka jAne para apanA agalA vyApAra banda kara detA hai / 3. dharmI aura pratiyogI kA jJAna kara lene para buddhi virata ho jAtI hai, lAkha ceSTA karane para bhI 'bheda' ko apanA viSaya nahIM banA sktii| 1. kisI bhI bheda meM do bAteM anivArya haiM / eka dharmoM jisase bheda karAyA jAtA hai, ise hI mUla vastu bhI kahate haiM, dUsarA pratiyogI arthAta virodhI vastu / 'nIlaM pItAd bhinnam' meM nIla dharmoM hai, pIta prtiyogii|

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pUrNapraza-varzanam 215 ataH buddhi bhI virata ho jAne para vyApAra ( Activity ) nahIM dikhalA sakatI / ise ho sAhityazAstriyoMne kahA hai- zabdabuddhikarmaNAM viramya vyApArAbhAvaH / ( dekheM, kAvyapradIpa, ullAsa 5 / ) dUsare, isameM anyonyAzraya doSa - Fallacy of mutual dependence, a logical seesaw ) bhI utpanna ho jAyagA / [ bheda ke jJAna ke lie dharmI aura pratiyogI kA jJAna apekSita hai, tathA dharmo aura pratiyogI ke jJAna ke lie bhedajJAna kI AvazyakatA hai - isa prakAra anyonyAzraya - doSa hogA / ] isakA dUsarA vikalpa bhI grAhya nahIM [ ki dharmI, pratiyogI aura bheda tInoM kA grahaNa eka sAtha ho jAyagA ] kyoMki kArya ( bheda-jJAna ) aura kAraNa ( dharmi - pratiyogi jJAna ) ke rUpa meM gRhIta buddhiyoM kI sattA eka sAtha nahIM ho sakatI / dharmo kI pratIti ( jJAna Apprehension ) bheda-jJAna kA kAraNa hai, usI prakAra pratiyogI kI pratIti bhI [ bhedajJAna kA kAraNa hai ] / yadi dharmo nikaTa meM bhI ho kintu dUrasthita pratiyogI kA jJAna nahIM ho to bheda kA jJAna nahIM hI ho sakegA, [ usI prakAra dharmI aura pratiyogI donoM ke rahane para bheda kA jJAna ho jAtA hai ] -- isalie anvaya aura vyatireka ke niyamoM dvArA hama loga [ dharmI + pratiyogI aura bheda ke bIca ] kArya-kAraNa kA sambandha jAna lete / [ koI yaha zaMkA na kare ki bheda aura dharmipratiyogI meM kArya-kAraNa-sambandha kahA~ hai, isalie pahale hI dikhalA diyA gayA hai / ] isa prakAra bheda kA pratyakSIkaraNa ( yA pratyakSa pramANa se bheda kA jJAna ) nahIM ho sakatA - yaha [ advaitavedAntI kI ] zaMkA hai / ( 3 ka. pratyakSa se bheva siddhi - - samAdhAna ) -- kiM vastusvarUpa bhedavAdinaM prati imAni dUSaNAni udghaSyante, kiM vA dharmabhedavAdinaM prati ? prathame corAparAdhAnmANDavyanigrahanyAyApAtaH / bhavadabhidhIyamAnadUSaNAnAM tadaviSayatvAt / nanu vastusvarUpasyaiva bhavatve pratiyogisApekSatvaM na ghaTate ghaTavat / pratiyogisApekSa eva sarvatra bhedaH prathata iti cenna / prathamaM sarvato vilakSaNa tayA vastusvarUpe jJAyamAne pratiyogyapekSayA viziSTavyavahAropapatteH / sAre doSa kisake sira para Aropita ho rahe haiM ? kyA vastu ( ghaTAdi ) ke svarUpa ( golAkAra kambugrIva Adi ) ko hI bheda mAnanevAle logoM ke prati ( smaraNIya hai ki madhvAcArya ise hI bheda kahate haiM ) yA una logoM ke prati jo vastu ( ghaTAdi ) se bhinna usa vastu ke dharmoM ko lekara bheda mAnate haiM (jaisA ki vaizeSika darzana meM mAnate haiM ) ? [ madhvAcArya eka hI vastu meM usake svarUpa aura vastu meM bheda mAnate haiM jaba ki vaizeSikAdi vastu ke ke dharmoM ( Attributes ) ke AdhAra para do vastuoM meM bheda mAnate haiM / ina donoM pakSoM ko hI yahA~ para uThAyA gayA hai aura pUrvapakSI se pUchA jA rahA hai ki Apa kisa pakSa para apane tarkoM kA gaTThara pheMka rahe haiM ? ]

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe yadi Apa vastu ke svarUpa ko bheda mAnanevAle logoM ( madhvoM ) para yaha Aropa lagA rahe haiM, to ThIka nahIM kara rahe haiM-- jaise cora ke aparAdha se mANDavya RSi ko pakar3akara daNDa diyA gayA, vahI sthiti ho jAyagI / ( kheta khAya gadahA mAra khAya jolahA ) / [ mahAbhArata ke Adiparva (adhyAya 107 - 8 ) meM yaha kathA AyI hai-- mANDavya nAma ke RSi ko kisI rAjA ne cora samajhakara pakar3a liyA / rAjA ne jaba unheM daNDa dekara zUlI para car3hAyA, usI samaya dUsarA asalI cora pakar3A gayA / turata una RSi ko zUlI se utArA gayA aura rAjA ne unase kSamA kara dene kI prArthanA kI / mANDavya RSi ne socA ki yaha mere kisI-na-kisI karma kA hI phala hai, ataH usakA patA lagAne ke lie yamaloka meM gaye / yamarAja ne batalAyA ki bacapana meM kisI kor3e ko Apane bA~dha liyA thA usI kA yaha phala bhogane ko milA hai / mANDavya bahuta kruddha hue aura bole ki anajAna meM hue aparAdha kA daNDa isa prakAra kA nahIM milanA cAhie / unhoMne yamarAja ko zApa diyA ki martyaloka meM tuma zUdrayoni meM janma lo / tadanusAra ve vicitravIrya kI dAsI ke garbha meM vyAsa ke saMyoga se Aye aura vidura ke rUpa meM utpanna hue| usI dina se yamarAja ne yaha niyama ( Convention ) calA diyA ki ajJAna meM kiye gaye aparAdha ko kSamA kara diyA jAya / jahA~ eka vyakti kA aparAdha ho aura dUsare ko daNDa mile, vahIM isa nyAya kA prayoga hotA hai / ] 216 isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki Apake dvArA Aropita doSoM ke kSetra ( Jurisdiction, Subject ) meM svarUpa-bhedavAdI loga nahIM Ate / [ pUrvapakSiyoM kA kahanA thA ki bhedavAdI loga dharmI aura pratiyogI ke sAtha hI pratyakSa kA jJAna honA mAnate haiM jo bilkula asambhava hai | yaha aparAdha dharma ko bheda mAnanevAloM kA hai, svarUpabhedavAdiyoM kA nahIM, parantu yadi Apa hamAre ( svarUpa bhedavAdiyoM ke ) Upara bhI yahI Aropa lagAte haiM to ThIka nahIM / dUsare ke aparAdha se hameM kyoM pakar3a rahe haiM ? Apake dvArA pratipAdita doSa vastu ke svarUpa ko bheda mAnanevAle siddhAnta para nahIM laga sakate / yadi vastu se bhinna dharmoM ke sAtha dUsarI vastu ke rUpa meM bheda ho tabhI pratyakSa pramANa ke dvArA bheda kA jJAna hogA, kevala bheda kA yA dharma-pratiyogI ke sAtha bheda kA / pUrvapakSiyoM ne phira vikalpa kiyA thA ki dharmI aura pratiyogI ke jJAna ke bAda bheda kA jJAna hotA hai yA eka hI sAtha - to ye vikalpa bhI dharmabhedavAdI ko hI laga sakate haiN| svarUpa ko bheda mAnanevAle logoM meM kabhI bhI ye vikalpa nahIM laga sakate / ] [ madhvAcArya ne zaMkara ke uttara meM dharmabhedavAdiyoM ko ghasITA hai, socA ki inheM hI zaMkara se bhir3A deM, hama bilkula baca jAyeMge / para lene ke dene par3e, dharmabhedavAdI aba madhvoM ( svarUpa bhedavAdiyoM) para hI bigar3a khar3e hue| aba donoM bhedavAdiyoM meM hI zAstrArtha calA / dharmabhedavAdI pUchate haiM- ] yadi vastu ke svarUpa ko hI bheda mAna leM to ghaTa kI kisI pratiyogI ( Contrary, Counterpart ) kI apekSA nahIM taraha,

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pUrNaprasanan 217 rhegii| [ ghaTa ke jJAna ke lie kisI pratiyogI kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI hai, sIdhe ghaTa kA jJAna kara lete haiN| yadi vastu ke svarUpa ( Essence ) ko bheda mAna leM to yaha bheda bhI ghaTa kI taraha hI pratiyogI-nirapekSa ho jAyagA / ] kintu loka meM niyama se, sarvatra bheda-jJAna ke lie pratiyogI ke jJAna kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai, [ yadi dharma ( Attributes ) ke AdhAra para do vastuoM meM hama bheda nahIM mAneMge to aisI sambhAvanA nahIM rahegI-ataH svarUpa ko bheda mAnanA doSapUrNa hai ] / usakA uttara [ madhvoM kI ora se ] hogA ki aisI bAta nahIM hai, pahale-pahala vastu ke svarUpa kA jJAna dUsarI sabhI vastuoM se pRthak (vilakSaNa Peculiar ) karake prApta kiyA jAtA hai, taba pratiyogI kI apekSA rakhate hue vizeSa prakAra kA ( jaise ghaTa kA ghaTatva ke rUpa meM ) vyavahAra calatA hai| [svarUpa-bhedavAdiyoM ke mata se pahale, ghaTa kA ghaTatva ke rUpa meM, sabase vilakSaNa mAnakara svarUpa kA jJAna hotA hai| isI ko bheda-jJAna kahate haiM / jo vastu saboM se vilakSaNa hai, usake kambugrIvAdi saMsthAna-vizeSoM se yukta svarUpa ko bheda hI mAnate haiN| taba pratiyogiyoM kA anusandhAna karake 'ghaTa-paTa se bhinna hai' aisA vyavahAra karate haiM / ] tathA hi-parimANaghaTitaM vastusvarUpaM prathamamavagamyate / pazcAtpratiyogivizeSApekSayA hrasvaM dIrghamiti tadeva viziSya vyavahArabhAjanaM bhavati / taduktaM viSNutattvanirNaye 'na ca vizeSaNavizeSyatayA bhedsiddhiH| vizeSaNavizeSyabhAvazca bhedApekSaH / dharmipratiyogyapekSayA bhedsiddhiH| bhedApekSa ca dharmipratiyogitvamityanyonyAzrayatayA bhedsyaayuktiH| padArthasvarUpatvAd bhedasya'-ityAdinA / ____ ise yoM samajheM-parimANa ( Dimensions ) se viziSTa vastu-svarUpa kA jJAna pahale ho jAtA hai| bAda meM vibhinna prakAra ke pratiyogiyoM kI apekSA rakhakara usI vastu ko 'choTA', 'bar3A' ityAdi vizeSaNoM se vibhUSita karake usakA vyavahAra karate haiN| [ pahale kisI ghaTa kA parimANa jAna lete haiM, yahI usakA svarUpa hai aura bheda bhI hai| phira dUsare ghaTa kA jJAna karake usakI apekSA prakRta ghaTa ko choTA yA bar3A mAnate haiN| svarUpa kA vyavahAra sAmAnya hai, dUsare pratiyogI kI apekSA rakhane para viziSTa vyavahAra hotA hai| vyavahAra se avyavahita pUrvakSaNa meM hI bhedajJAna hone kA niyama nahIM hai| jaba hama kahate haiM--'ghaTasya svarUpam' to donoM meM bheda to hai hii| yahA~ taka ki 'ghaTaH paTAdbhilaH' bhI vyadhikaraNa se vyavahRta hotA hai aura usameM dharma ke bheda kI siddhi nahIM hotii| yaha gauNa vyavahAra hai| yadi padArtha meM svarUpa-bheda nahIM hotA to usake dekhane para sabhI cIjoM se usakI vilakSaNatA jJAta nahIM hotii| punaH yadi padArtha meM svarUpa-bheda nahIM hotA to gavaya ko dekhane para bhI gAya khojanevAloM kI pravRtti hotI aura 'go' zabda kA smaraNa hotA,

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218 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe kyoMki loga svarUpa ko bheda nahIM mAnate, dharma ko hI bheda mAnate - go aura gavaya meM dharmoM kA antara hai, ataH gavaya mila jAne para bhI gAya khojate, parantu vastusthiti aisI nahIM hai / ] isIlie viSNutattvanirNaya ( lekhaka - AnandatIrtha, samaya 1170 I0 ) meM kahA gayA - vizeSaNa aura vizeSya rahane se bheda kI siddhi nahIM hotI / kAraNa yaha hai ki vizeSaNa aura vizeSya kA sambandha svayaM bheda kI apekSA rakhatA hai / [ jo svayaM bheda se siddha hotA hai, bheda ko kyA siddha karegA ? ] phala yaha hogA ki dharmI aura pratiyogI kI apekSA se bheda kI siddhi hotI hai tathA bheda ke AdhAra para dharmo aura pratiyogI kI siddhi hotI haiisa prakAra anyonyAzraya-doSa hone se bheda hI yuktiyukta nahIM ho sakatA / padArtha ke svarUpa ko hI bheda kahate haiM / [ usake dharma ke AdhAra para kiye gaye bheda ko nahIM ] - ityAdi / vizeSa - ' yaha eka pratiyogI se yukta bheda ko dhAraNa karatA hai - isameM bheda vizeSaNa hai, paTa vizeSya / 'paTa meM kucha pratiyogI se yukta bheda rahatA hai' --yahA~ bheda vizeSya hai, paTa vizeSaNa / vizeSaNa aura vizeSya meM bheda honA suprasiddha hai, jaisA ki 'rAjJa: ( vizeSaNa ) puruSa: ( vizeSya ) ' meM hama dekhate haiM / yadi vizeSaNa - vizeSya ke rUpa meM bheda ko siddha kiyA jAyagA to anyonyAzraya - doSa hogA / sambandha bheda ke Upara AdhArita hai / isa bheda kI siddhi dharmitva aura pratiyogitva kI pratIti ke Upara nirbhara karatI hai / dUsarI ora, yaha pratIti bheda kI pratIti ke binA sambhava hI nahIM hai, ataH anyonyAzraya - doSa hotA hai / vizeSaNa aura vizeSya kA isa prakAra 'bhedayukta paTa' yA 'paTa meM bheda' inameM vizeSaNa- vizeSya ke rUpa meM jo bheda kI pratIti hotI hai, vaha bheda kI siddhi karane meM yukta nahIM hai / phira bheda hai kisa rUpa kA ? uttara hogA ki padArtha kA svarUpa hI bheda hai / viSNutattva nirNaya meM yahI kahA gayA hai / ata eva gavArthino gavayadarzanAnna pravartante, go zabdaM ca na smaranti / na ca nIrakSIrAdau svarUpe gRhyamANe bhedapratibhAso'pi syAditi bhaNanIyam / samAnAbhihArAdipratibandhakabalAd bhedabhAnavyavahArAbhAvopapattiH / isIlie gau kA anveSaNa karanevAle gavaya ( gau ke samAna jantuvizeSa ) dekhane ke bAda Age nahIM bar3hate ( mAno unhoMne gAya pA lI ho ) tathA go zabda kA smaraNa bhI nahIM karate [ cUMki kisI vastu kA saboM se vilakSaNa svarUpa jAna lenA hI usa vastu ke viziSTa vyavahAra kA kAraNa hai isIlie saboM se vilakSaNa gau ke svarUpa ko loga gavaya meM bhI dekha lete haiN| aura aisA hone para bhI ajJAna ke kAraNa gau kA anveSaNa karane vAloM kI pravRtti yA gau kA smaraNa karanA-ye vyavahAra nahIM hote / ] aisI bhI zaMkA nahIM kara sakate ki [ cU~ki bheda eka vAstavika padArtha hai aura pratyakSa kA viSaya hai, isalie ] jala se yukta dUdha Adi ko A~khoM

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pUrNaprasA-varzana 219 se dekha lene para, bheda kA AbhAsa bhI dRSTigocara hogA (arthAt vastu kA apanA svarUpa dikhalAI nahIM pdd'egaa)| ukta udAharaNa meM A~kha kA sannikarSa to rahatA hI hai| svarUpa ko hI bheda mAnane para bheda kA bhI grahaNa hogA ki yaha jala hai, yaha dUdha hai / isameM bheda kA pratibhAsa avazya hogA, parantu bhedajJAna hI nahIM rahatA hai| ] kAraNa yaha hai ki bheda ke AbhAsarUpI vyavahAra ke abhAva kI siddhi samAnAbhihAra ( eka prakAra ke hI padArthoM kA samUha ) Adi pratibandhaka ( pratyakSajJAna ko rokanevAle ) kAraNoM ke bala se hotI hai| [ samAnAbhihAra eka prakAra ke padArthoM kA hI eka sthAna para rahanA / aisI sthiti meM kisI vastu ko samUha se pRthak karanA kaThina hai--pratyakSajJAna meM bhI yaha pratibandha DAlatA hai| nIra-kSIra eka prakAra ke hI padArtha haiM, inako pRthak karanA kaThina hai, isalie bhedAbhAsa kA vyavahAra yahA~ para nahIM hotA / aisI bAta nahIM hai ki bheda yahAM hai hI nhiiN| vAstava meM do padArthoM ke sAdRzya ke kAraNa mizrita ho jAne se unakA pArthakya samajha meM nahIM AtA, bheda to hai hii| ataH nIra-kSIra meM svarUpa kA grahaNa kara lene para bheda kA pratibhAsa isalie nahIM hotA ki nIra-kSIra milakara eka ho gaye haiM, samAnAbhihAra ho gayA hai| nahIM to aisI koI bhI sthiti nahIM hai jisameM svarUpa kA jJAna hone para bheda kA pratibhAsa nahIM ho| ] taduktam12. atidUrAtsAmIpyAdindriyaghAtAnmano'navasthAnAt / sokmyAd vyavadhAnAdabhibhavAtsamAnAbhihArAcca // (sAMkhyakArikA, 7) iti / atidUrAt = girizikharavartiparvatAdau, atisAmIpyAt = locanAJjanAdau, indriyaghAtAt = vidhudAdI, mano'navasthAnAt = kAmAdyupaplutamanaskasya sphItAlokavatini ghaTAdau, saumyAt = paramANvAdI, vyavadhAnAt = kuDaghAntahite, abhibhavAt = divA pradIpaprabhAdau, samAnAbhihArAt = nIrakSIrAdau yathAvat grahaNaM naastiityrthH| aisA hI [ sAMkhyakArikA meM ] kahA gayA hai-'bahuta dUra hone ke kAraNa, bahuta najadIka hone ke kAraNa, indriyoM meM doSa hone ke kAraNa, mana ke avyavasthita (caMcala ) hone ke kAraNa, [ indriya aura vastu ke bIca meM ] kisI prakAra kA vyavadhAna par3a jAne ke kAraNa [kisI dUsare tIvra padArtha dvArA vastu ke ] abhibhUta ( apekSAkRta zaktihIna ) hone ke kAraNa tathA samAna rUpavAle padArthoM meM mila jAne ke kAraNa [ pratyakSajJAna ko bAdhA pahu~catI hai / ]' bahuta dUra hone ke kAraNa, jisa prakAra pahAr3oM kI coTiyoM para uge hue vRkSa Adi ko [ dekhanA kaThina hai ] bahuta najadIka hone ke kAraNa, jaise apanI A~khoM meM lage hue aMjana Adi ko nahIM dekha sakate / indriyoM meM doSa hone ke kAraNa bijalI Adi ko nahIM dekha pAte / mana ke avyavasthita hone ke kAraNa, jaise kAmAdi vAsanAoM se mana ke kSubdha ho jAne para, khUba prakAza meM avasthita ghaTAdi ko nahIM dekha pAte / sUkSmatA ke kAraNa paramANu Adi

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220 sarvadarzanasaMgraha ko nahIM dekha pAte / vyavadhAna hone ke kAraNa, dIvAra ( kuDya ) ke bIca meM Ane para koI cIja dikhAI nahIM par3atI / abhibhUta hone ke kAraNa jaise dina meM dIpaka ko prabhA Adi ko nahIM dekha sakate / samAna vastuoM meM mile hone ke kAraNa, jaise nIra-kSIra meM kSIra kA yathAvat pratyakSa nahIM hotA hai| vizeSa-sAMkhyakArikA meM yaha kArikA prakRti kI siddhi ke krama meM dI gaI hai| kahA gayA hai ki pratyakSa-pramANa se bhI bahuta-sI vastueM siddha nahIM hotI, kyoMki usake mArga meM bahuta se bAdhaka kAraNa haiM-prakRti kA pratyakSa sUkSmatA ke kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA / aisI bAta nahIM hai ki prakRti kA abhAva hai / usI prakAra samAnAbhihAra ke kAraNa nIra-kSIra kA bheda mAlUma nahIM par3atA / aisI bAta nahIM hai ki bheda unameM hai hI nhiiN| 'svarUpagrahaNe bhedapratibhAso'pi sthAditi na bhnnniiym'| sAmAnya dazA meM aisA nahIM kahate ki nIra-kSIra meM svarUpagrahaNa ho gayA, bheda kA pratibhAsa bhI hogaa| nahIM, bheda grahaNa nahIM hotA / para yaha to hamAre siddhAnta ke pratikUla hai ki svarUpa se bhedajJAna nahIM ho / nahIM, pratikUlatA tanika bhI nahIM hai-vAstava meM bheda-jJAna hai, para nIra-kSIra ke mizrita hone ke kAraNa nahIM pratIta hotaa| isalie yahA~ bheda-jJAna kA grahaNa ApAtataH nahIM hotaa| kabhI-kabhI eka hI vastu ke kaI svarUpa hote haiN| manuSya ko dUra se dekhane para koI padArtha jAna par3atA hai, usake bAda UMcA padArtha, phira prANI, phira manuSya, phira yuvaka Adi-isa prakAra tAratamya se nAnA prakAra ke svarUpa dikhalAyI par3ate haiN| isa prakAra kA tAratamya dharmabhedavAdI ( vaizeSika ) loga bhI svIkAra karate haiN| svarUpabhedavAdI ke mata se yadi svarUpa aneka prakAra ke haiM to bheda kI bhI anekarUpatA svIkAra karanI pdd'egii| isalie jala-mizrita dUdha meM ghar3e se bheda dikhAyA jA sakatA hai, nIra se nahIM, kyoMki usa prakAra ke svarUpa kA jJAna karane meM hamArI A~kheM asamartha haiN| ataeva nIra-kSIra meM vilakSaNa svarUpa kA jJAna nahIM hotA, usa prakAra kA bhedajJAna bhI nahIM hotA, 'nIra se kSIra bhinna hai' aisA jJAna bhI nahIM hotA--yahI vyavahAra hai| (4. dharmabhedavAdI kA samarthana-bheda kI siddhi ) bhavatu vA dharmabhedavAdastathApi na kshciddossH| dharmipratiyogigrahaNe sati pshcaattdghttitbhedgrhnnopptteH| na ca parasparAzrayaprasaGgaH / parAnanapekSya prabhedazAlino vastuno grahaNe sati dharmabhedabhAnasambhavAt / na ca dharmabhedavAde tasya tasya bhedasya bhedAntarabhedyatvenAnavasthA duravasthA syAdityAstheyam / bhedAntaraprasakto mUlAbhAvAt / bhedabhedinau bhinnAviti vyavahArAdarzanAt / [ madhvAcArya dekhate haiM ki apane hI pakSavAle dharmabhedavAdI ko cir3hAne se kAma nahIM clegaa| vaha bhI to bheda ko svIkAra karatA hai| yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki vaha svarUpa kA bheda na mAnakara dharmoM kA bheda mAnatA hai| apane mata ke pratipAdana ke pazcAt usa para bhI do

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pUrNapraza-parsanan 221 cAra vAkya likha denA koI burA nahIM hai| isase bhedavAda kI jar3a aura bhI jama jaaygii| isalie ve kahate haiM-] athavA vaizeSikoM ke dharmabhedavAda ko hI svIkAra kareM, usameM bhI koI doSa nahIM hai| dharmI aura pratiyogI kA jJAna hone para, usake bAda una para hI AdhArita ( ghaTita ) bheda kA grahaNa ho jAtA hai| [ yaha abhiprAya hai ki pahale ghaTadharmoM kA jJAna ghaTa-sAmAnya ke rUpa meM tathA paTa-pratiyogI kA jJAna paTa-sAmAnya ke rUpa meM ho jAtA hai, taba ghaTa aura paTa meM kramazaH mitva aura pratiyogitva kI sthApanA ke sAtha hI sAtha sAmUhika-jJAna ( Knowledge of a group ) kI taraha eka hI kriyA se bheda kA grahaNa bhI ho jAyagA / isI ko dharmi-pratiyogighaTita bheda kahate haiM / yahA~ para kAraNa-buddhi aura kAryabuddhi eka sAtha nahIM hotii| isalie pUrvokta doSa hone kI sambhAvanA hai, kintu vaha bAta nahIM hai| ghaTa aura paTa kA jo grahaNa dharmI aura pratiyogI ke rUpa meM ho rahA hai vaha bheda ke jJAna kA kAraNa nahIM hai| balki ghaTa aura paTa kA jo jJAna ghaTatva aura paTatva ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA thA vahI bheda-jJAna kA kAraNa hai| ghaTa ko bheda kA dharmo mAnanA aura paTa ko bheda kA pratiyogI mAnanA to vastu kI sattA hone para hI bhedajJAna kA kAraNa hotA hai| isalie ukta doSa nahIM lagatA / ] ___ anyonyAzraya-doSa kI bhI sambhAvanA yahA~ nahIM hai, kyoMki dUsaroM (bhinna vastuoM) kI apekSA na rakhate hue hI, bheda-yukta vastu kA grahaNa hotA hai, isalie dharma-bheda ( Difference in attributes ) kA grahaNa honA sambhava hai| [ anyonyAzraya-doSa kA AropaNa isalie hotA hai ki ghaTa kA ghaTatva-rUpa meM aura paTa kA paTatva-rUpa meM jJAna honA bheda-jJAna ke Upara nirbhara karatA hai, dUsarI ora bheda-jJAna isa prakAra ke jJAna para nirbhara karatA hai| parantu yaha doSa nahIM hotA-svarUpabhedavAda meM vastu sabase vilakSaNa svarUpa kI mAnI jAtI hai| ghaTa paTa ke jJAna meM inase vilakSaNa svarUpoM se hI jJAna ho jAyagA, isameM dUsaroM kI apekSA hI nahIM hai-jJAna to svarUpa se ho rahA hai / ataH ghaTa kA ghaTatva rUpa meM aura paTa kA paTatva-rUpa meM jJAna hone para bheda-jJAna kI sApekSatA ( bheda-jJAna para AdhArita honA) nahIM rhegii| isake bAda dharmo-pratiyogI banAkara donoM padArthoM ke bheda kI kalpanA hogii|] __ aisA bhI yahA~ kahanA ThIka nahIM hai ki, dharmabhedavAda ko svIkAra kara lene para anavasthAdoSa isalie utpanna hogA ki pratyeka bheda ko kisI dUsare bheda ke dvArA pRthak karane kI AvazyakatA hogii| [ ghaTa meM bheda hai jisakA pratiyogI hai paTa, isa prathama bheda ke dvArA ghaTa ko bhedya ( = prathama bheda se ghaTa bhinna hai-aise vyavahAra ke yogya ) samajhate haiN| aba prathama bheda kA pratiyogI ghaTa ho gayA, isa prathama bheda meM dvitIya bheda hai-jisake dvArA prathama bheda ko hI bhedya samajhate haiM / dvitIya bheda kA pratiyogI prathama bheda hai, dvitIya bheda meM eka tRtIya bheda kI kalpanA karanI par3egI, jisake dvArA dvitIya bheda ko bhedya samajheMge / isa prakAra anta na honevAlI eka paramparA calatI rhegii| ] yaha anavasthA isIlie nahIM hogI ki dUsare

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222 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe bheda ko svIkAra karane kA koI kAraNa nahIM dikhalAyI par3atA ( mUlAbhAvAt ) / bheda aura bhedI donoM bhinna haiM aisA vyavahAra dekhane meM nahIM AtA / [ Azaya yaha hai ki jisa prakAra 'ghaTa aura paTa bhinna haiM' aisA vyavahAra paTa ko pratiyogI aura ghaTa ko dharmI mAnakara calatA hai, usI prakAra yadi 'bheda ( dvitIya bheda ) tathA bhedI ( prathama bheda ) bhinna hai' aisA vyavahAra loka meM dikhalAyI par3atA tabhI dvitIya bheda kI siddhi ho sakatI thI, kintu aisA hotA nahIM isalie anavasthA nahIM hai| bheda eka hI hotA hai, vaha cAhe dUsarI bAra ho yA tIsarI bAra / 'ghaTa paTa se bhinna hai' isameM eka bheda hai, aba 'vaha bheda svayaM ghaTa se bhinna hai' yahA~ prApta bheda bhI koI alaga nahIM - sarvatra eka prakAra ke bheda kI hI prApti hotI hai / ] na caikabhedabale nAnyabhedAnumAnam / dRSTAntabhedAvidhAtenotthAne doSAbhAvAt / so'yaM piNyAkayAcanArthaM gatasya khArikA tailadAtRtvAbhyupagama iva / dRSTAntabhedavimarde tvanutthAnameva / na hi varavighAtAya kanyodvAhaH / tasmAnmUlakSayAbhAvAdanavasthA na doSAya / aisI bhI zaMkA nahIM karanI cAhie ki eka bheda ke bala se dUsare bheda kA anumAna hotA calA jAyagA ( anavasthA ghera hI legI ) / [ Azaya yaha hai ki prathama bheda kA pratiyogI ghaTa hai, phira dvitIya bheda kA anumAna, dvitIya bheda se tRtIya kA, isa prakAra anumAna se anavasthA ho jAyagI, parantu madhva isakA khaNDana karate haiM / ] yaha anavasthA dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM diye gaye prathama bheda kA binA nAza kiye hI yadi utpanna hotI hai taba to anavasthA mAnane meM koI doSa hI nahIM hai / [ bheda ko to Apa isa prakAra svIkAra karate hI haiM / Apa bheda svIkAra kara leM phira hama para lAkhoM doSa kyoM na Aropita kareM ! hamArA kAma samApta ! ] yaha doSAropaNa aisA hI hai, jaise koI thor3I-sI tila kI khalI ( Oil-cake ) mA~gane jAya aura use ekAdha paserI tela hI denA par3a jAya / ] thor3I-sI vastu mA~ge aura adhika vastu svayaM denI par3e / bhedavAdiyoM para anavasthA lagAne jAya aura anumAna dvArA doSAropaNa karane meM dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM svayaM bheda ( khaNDanIya vastu ) ko svIkAra karanA par3e / ] dUsarI ora, yadi bheda ko dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM svIkAra hI na kareM to anumAna hI nahIM hogA [ aura phalataH anavasthA - doSa nahIM lagegA ] / kanyA kA vivAha vara ke vinAza ke lie nahIM hotA [ anumAna kA AdhAra lekara calanevAlI anavasthA sodhe anumAna kA hI vinAza kara detI / ] isalie hamAre mUla kA kSaya na karane ke kAraNa anavasthA koI bhI doSa nahIM lAtI / vizeSa - prastuta sandarbha kaThina ke sAtha-sAtha manoraMjaka bhI kama nahIM / jaba anumAna se pUrvapakSI loga eka bheda se dUsare bheda kI siddhi karake anavasthA kA AropaNa karane lagate haiM taba isa prakAra kA parAmarza hotA hai dvitIya bheda kisI dUsare bheda ke dvArA bhedya hai ( pratijJA + sAdhya ) / kyoMki vaha bhI eka prakAra kA bheda hai ( hetu ) 1

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pUrNaprA-varzanam 223 jisa prakAra prathama bheda hotA hai ( dRSTAnta ) / jahA~ anavasyA kA AropaNa hotA hai, vahAM kisI-na-kisI prakAra vizrAma ( End ) khojanA hI par3atA hai / kahIM-kahIM yaha vizrAma siddha ke samAna grahaNa karate haiM, jaise-ghaTatva, paTatva Adi sAmAnyoM ( Generality ) meM yadi sAmAnyatva kI jAti mAneM to isakA bhI phira sAmAnyatva mAnanA par3egA, usakA bhI sAmAnyatva hogA-yoM anavasthA hogii| isake nirAkaraNa ke lie siddha hai ki sAmAnyoM kI sAmAnyatva-jAti nahIM mAnI jAtI hai / mUla meM hI aisA nahIM hotA ki ghaTatva-paTatva meM jAti na mAneM, kyoMki inameM to jAti lokasiddha hai| kahIM-kahIM yaha vizrAma svabhAvataH mAnanA par3atA hai jaise-neyAyikoM ke mata se 'yaha ghaTa haiM' isameM ghaTa kA grahaNa vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna se hotA hai, phira isa vyavasAya kA jJAna bhI anuvyavasAya ( 'maiM ghaTa jAnatA hU~' isa prakAra ) se hotA hai, isake lie bhI dUsare anuvyavasAya kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / buddhi kI yogyatA dekhakara apane-Apa do-cAra kakSyAoM ( koTiyoM Stages ) ke bAda vimAma ho jAtA hai| antima vyavasAya ajJAta hI rahatA hai| basa, anavasthA vahIM samApta ho gayI ( abhyaMkara ) / prastuta prasaMga meM anavasthA kA rUpa yaha hai ki eka bheda se dUsare bheda kA anumAna karate haiM, dUsare bheda se tIsare bheda kA, ityAdi / anumAna kA rUpa Upara dekha hI cuke haiM / isa anavasthA kA nirAkaraNa bhI do taraha se ho sakatA hai yA to anumAna ko kahIM vizrAma karAnA hai yA siddha vAkya mAneM ki saMsAra meM bheda hai hI nhiiN| (1) buddhi kI sAmarthya se kahIM-na-kahIM ruka hI jAnA pdd'egaa| dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM to pUrvapakSI prathama bheda ko mAnate haiM na ? usakA to vighAta ( vidhvaMsa ) nahIM karate ? taba to bar3A Ananda hai / kama-se-kama dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM bhI mAnane kA artha hai ki pUrvapakSI kucha __ bhedoM ko to svIkAra karate haiN| isase hamAre pakSa kA hI samarthana huaa| hama para doSA ropaNa karane kyA Aye ki svayaM hamAre pakSa ko hI svIkAra karanA pdd'aa| tila kI khalI mAMgane Aye aura Dhera-sA tela denA pdd'aa| (2) yadi pahale se hI durAgraha ho ki bheda hai hI nahIM taba to aura bhI acchA ! bheda asvIkAra karane para dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM diyA gayA prathama bheda bhI nahIM siddha hogaa| aisI sthiti meM anumAna ke mUlaM para hI kuThArAghAta ho jaaygaa| anumAna ke AdhAra para TikI huI anavasthA kA to kyA pUchanA ? jisa anumAna ke AdhAra para anavasthA calatI hai usI anumAna kA vaha khaNDana kara detI hai / kanyA kA vivAha huA para vara hI mara gaye / ___isalie anavasthA mAnane para bhI hamAre bhedabAda kI kucha bhI hAni nahIM huI / aisI __ lAkhoM anavasthAyeM raheM to bhI hama gajanimIlikAnyAya se apanA kAma karate rheNge| (5. anumAna-pramANa se bheda kI siddhi ) __ anumAnenApi bhedo'vsiiyte| paramezvaro jIvAda bhinnH| taM prati sevyatvAt / yo yaM prati sevyaH sa tasmAd bhinnaH / yathA bhRtyaadraajaa|

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224 sarvadarzanasaMgrahena hi sukhaM me syAd duHkhaM me na manAgapi-iti puruSArthamarthayamAnAH puruSAH sthapatipadaM kAmayamAnAH satkArabhAjo bhaveyuH / pratyuta sarvAnarthabhAjanaM bhavanti / yaH svasyAtmano honatvaM parasya guNotkarSa ca kathayati sa stutyaH prItaH stAvakasya tasyAbhISTaM prayacchati / tadAha-- 3. ghAtayanti hi rAjAno rAjAhamiti vAdinaH / dadatyakhilamiSTaM ca svaguNotkarSavAdinAm // iti / anumAna-pramANa se bhI bheda kI siddhi hotI hai / [ anumAna kI prakriyA isa prakAra kI hai ]-paramezvara jIva se bhinna hai ( pratijJA + sAdhya ), kyoMki unake lie paramezvara sevya hai ( hetu ), jo jisake lie sevya hai vaha usase bhinna hai jaise bhatya se rAjA [bhinna hai ] ( dRSTAnta ) / ___ 'mujhe kevala sukha hI mile, duHkha thor3A bhI nahIM ho' isa prakAra ke puruSArtha kI kAmanA karate hue ( mumukSu ) puruSa yadi saMsAra ( stha ) ke svAmI paramezvara kA pada hI prApta karanA cAheM to unakA satkAra nahIM hotA ( Izvara una para kRpA pradarzita nahIM karate ); yahI nahIM, ve saba prakAra ke aniSTa prApta karate haiM / dUsarI ora yadi koI apane Apako hInatA tathA dUsaroM ke guNoM ke mAhAtmya kA varNana karatA hai to usa stuti karanevAle bhakta kI, stavanIya paramAtmA prasanna hokara sArI kAmanAyeM pUrI karatA hai / [ yadi bhakta paramezvara kI stuti karatA hai to ve prasanna hote haiM, yadi svayaM paramezvara bananA cAheM (jaise advaita pakSa meM hotA hai) to ve ruSTa hokara sAre abhISTa kAmoM ko naSTa kara dete haiM / isalie jIva aura Izvara meM abheda mAnanA Izvara kI kopAgni meM ghI DAlanA hai|] aisA hI kahA hai-'rAjA loga una saboM kA vinAza kara DAlate haiM jo apane ko rAjA ghoSita karate haiM / udhara apane guNoM ke utkarSa kA varNana karanevAle logoM kI sArI kAmanAyeM ve pUrNa karate haiN|' [ isa laukika udAharaNa se anumAna hotA hai ki svAmI se abheda sthApita karanevAle para svAmI aprasanna hote haiM tathA apane se abheda rakhane para prasanna hote haiM / ] ___ evaM ca paramezvarAbhedatRSNayA viSNorguNotkarSasya mRgatRSNikAsamatvAbhidhAnaM vipulakadalIphalalipsayA jihvAcchedanamanuharati / etAdRzaviSNuvidveSaNAdandhatamasapravezaprasaGgAt / tadetatpratipAditaM madhyamandireNa mahAbhArata tAtparyanirNaye-- 4. anAdidveSiNo daityA viSNau dvaSo vidhitaH / tamasyandhe pAtayati daityAnante vinizcayAt // (ma0 bhA0 tA 11111) iti| isa prakAra paramezvara se abhinna ( eka ) hone ke lobha se [ advaitavedAntI loga Izvara ko nirguNa mAnakara ] viSNu bhagavAna ke guNoM ke utkarSa ko mRgatRSNA ( Mirage ) ke

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pUrNa prajJa - darzanam 225 samAna bhrAnta ( mAyAmaya ) kahate haiM / yaha kahanA vaisA hI hai jaise koI kele ke phaloM kI icchA se apanI jIbha hI kaTavA / [ inameM kArya-kAraNa sambandha nahIM hai| balki jIbha kaTa jAne para kele ke phaloM kA koI upayoga hI nahIM hai / usI taraha Izvara ko nirguNa mAnane para unase milane kA koI upayoga hI nahIM / ] aise viSNu bhagavAn ko aprasanna karane para [ unase ekAkAra hone kI ghRSTatA karane se ] andhatamasa ( naraka ) meM hI praveza karanA par3egA / isakA pratipAdana madhyamandira ( pUrNaprajJa ) ne apane grantha mahAbhAratatAtparya- nirNaya meM kiyA hai- 'daityagaNa viSNu se anAdi kAla se ( Fro rakhate A rahe haiM, viSNu meM bhI unake prati atyadhika dveSa .. ko anta meM nizcita rUpa se nivir3a andhakAra ( naraka ) meM girAte haiM / ' ( ma0 mA0 time immemorial ) dveSa rahA hai / isalie ve detyoM tA0 1 / 111 ) vizeSa - madhyamandira madhyageha ke putra the / inhIM kA nAma AnandatIrtha thA tathA pUrNaprajJAcArya bhI ye hI the / inakA samaya 1170 I0 hai / inhoMne dvaitavAda ke siddhAntoM ke pratipAdana ke lie mahAbhAratatAlarya-nirNaya nAmaka grantha likhA thA jisakI tIna TIkAyeM huI - janArdana bhaTTakRta ( 1320 I0 ), vAdirAjakRta tathA viTThalasUnukRta / mahAbhAratatAtparyanirNaya meM hI granthakAra ke viSaya meM likhA hai AnandatIrthAkhyamuniH supUrNaprajJAbhidho granthamimaM cakAra / nArAyaNenAbhihito badaryAM tasyaiva ziSyo jagadekabhartuH // ( 32 / 170 ) ( 6. Izvara kI sevA ke niyama ) sA ca sevA aGkana- nAmakaraNa-bhajanabhedAt trividhA / tatrAGkanaM nArAyaNAyudhAdInAM tadrUpasmaraNArthamapekSitArthasiddhyarthaM ca / saMhitApariziSTam - tathA ca zAkalya 5. cakraM birbhAta puruSo'bhitaptaM balaM devAnAmamRtasya viSNoH / sa yAti nAkaM duritAvadhUya vizanti yadyatayo vItarAgAH // 6. devAso yena vidhUtena bAhunA sudarzanena prayAtAstamAyan / yenAGkitA manavo loka sRSTi vitanvanti brAhmaNAstadvahanti / / - usa sevA ke tIna bheda haiM-- aMkana ( Stigmatisation ), nAmakaraNa ( Imposi - tion of names ) tathA bhajana ( Worship ) / meM aMkana vaha hai jisameM bhagavAn nArAyaNa ke rUpa ke smaraNa ke lie yA apekSita lakSya (mukti) kI siddhi ke lie unake Ayudha ( astra-zastra ) Adi kA cihna [ zarIra ke kisI bhAga para aMkita kara diyA jAya / ] zAkalya saMhitA ( Rgveda kA saMhitA - vizeSa ) ke pariziSTa meM aisI bAta hai - 'jo puruSa devatAoM ke balasvarUpa amara viSNu ke abhitapta ( Burning ) cakra ko dhAraNa karatA hai vaha duritoM ( pApoM ) ko 15 sa0 [saM0

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226 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe naSTa karake usa svarga meM praveza karatA hai-jahA~ rAga se hIna saMnyAsI loga jA sakate haiM // 5 // bAhu meM jisa sudarzana cakra ko dhAraNa karake devatA loga calate-calate usa svargaloga meM pahuMce, jisa cakra se aMkita hokara manuoM ne saMsAra kI sRSTi kI thI, usI cakra ko brAhmaNa loga dhAraNa karate haiM // 6 // vizeSa--ina donoM zlokoM tathA agale zloka meM vaidika chanda kA prayoga hai, Rgveda kI eka saMhitA zAkalyasaMhitA ke pariziSTa ke nAma se inakA uddharaNa diyA gayA hai| duritA = duritam dvitIyA ekavacana meM 'DA' Adeza ho gayA hai| brahmANDapurANa meM aMkana viSaya meM kahA gayA hai kRtvA dhAtumayoM mudrAM tApayitvA svakAM tanum / cakrAdicihnitAM bhUpa dhArayedvaiSNavo naraH / nAradapurANa meM cakradhAraNa ke viSaya meM yaha likhA hai dvAdazAraM tu SaTkoNaM valayatrayasaMyutam / hare sudarzanaM taptaM dhArayettadvicakSaNaH // yaha sudarzana devatAoM ko bala detA hai; usI se devatAoM ne svarga para vijaya pAyI, manuoM ne saMsAra kI sRSTi kii| 7. tadviSNoH paramaM padaM yena gacchanti laanychitaaH| urukramasya ciharaGkitA loke subhagA bhavAmaH // iti / 'ataptatanUna tadAmo aznute zritAsa idvahantastatsamAsata' (te. A0 111) iti taittirIyakopaniSacca / sthAnavizeSazcAgneyapurANe pradarzitaH 8. dakSiNe tu kare vipro bibhRyAcca sudarzanam / savyena zaGkha bibhRyAditi brahmavido viduH / / viSNu kA vaha pada sabase acchA hai ( vaikuNTha ) jisase hokara aMkita puruSa pAra karate haiM / bar3e paga ( Step ) vAle viSNu ke cihna se aMkita hokara hama loga saMsAra meM aizvaryayukta baneM // 7 // ' taittirIyaka upaniSad meM bhI kahA hai-'jisakA zarIra tapta ( aMkita ) nahIM hai, vaha puruSa kaccA ( AmaH ) hai, use ( svarga ko) nahIM paataa| usako dhAraNa karanevAle bhakta ( zritAsaH ) gaNa hI use prApta karate haiN|' (te0 A0 111 ) / [ aMkana karane ke lie ] vizeSa sthAnoM kA ullekha agni purANa meM kiyA gayA hai-'brAhmaNa dAhine hAtha meM sudarzana cakra dhAraNa kare, zaMkha kI chApa bAyeM hAtha meM dhAraNa kare, aisA brahmavettA loga mAnate haiN|' anyatra cakradhAraNe mantravizeSazca darzitaH9. sudarzana mahAjvAla koTisUryasamaprabha ! / ajJAnAndhasya me nityaM viSNormArgapradarzaya //

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227 pUrNaprajJa-darzanam 10. tvaM purA sAgarotpanno viSNunA vidhRtaH kre| namitaH sarvadevazca pAJcajanya namo'stu te // iti / dUsarI jagahoM meM cakradhAraNa ke vizeSa mantra bhI diye gaye haiM- 'he sudarzana, tuma bahuta, jvAlAoM se yukta ho, karor3oM sUrya ke barAbara tumhArI jyoti hai, maiM ajJAna ke kAraNa andhA hU~, mujhe viSNu kA mArga pratidina dikhalAo // 9 // ' 'tuma pahale samudra meM utpanna hue the viSNu ne tumheM apane hAtha meM dhAraNa kiyA thA, sabhI devatAoM ne tumheM praNAma kiyA hai, he pAMcajanya zaMkha, tumheM praNAma karatA hU~ // 10 // ' (6 ka. nAmakaraNa aura bhajana ) nAmakaraNaM putrAdInAM kezavAdinAmnA vyavahAraH, sarvadA tannAmAnusmaraNArtham / bhajanaM dazavidhaM-vAcA satyaM hitaM priyaM svAdhyAyaH, kAyena dAnaM paritrANaM, parirakSaNaM, manasA dayA spRhA zraddhA ceti / atraikaikaM niSpAdya nArAyaNe samarpaNaM bhajanam / taduktam 3. ajUnaM nAmakaraNaM bhajanaM dazadhA ca tat / iti / evaM zeyatvAdinApi bhedo'numAtavyaH / ____ nAmakaraNa kA abhiprAya hai apane putra Adi kA kezava Adi ( vaiSNava ) nAma rakhakara pukAranA jisase bhagavAna ke nAmoM kA anusmaraNa hotA rhe| bhajana dasa prakAra kA haivANI ke dvArA satya, hita, priya vacana tathA svAdhyAya; zarIra se dAna, bacAva aura rakSA karanA; mana se dayA, spRhA ( icchA ) aura shrddhaa| inameM eka-eka kI prApti kara lene para use nArAyaNa ko samarpaNa kara denA hI bhajana hai| aisA hI kahA hai-aMkana, nAmakaraNa tathA dasa prakAra ke bhajana-yahI sevA hai| [ isa prakAra sevya-hetu se bheda kA anumAna kiyA gayA / vaise hI jJeyatva Adi hetuoM ke dvArA bhI bheda kA anumAna ho sakatA hai| vizeSa-jJeyatva ke dvArA bheda kA anumAna isa prakAra hogAparamAtmA jIva se bhinna hai kyoMki jIva ke dvArA vaha jJeya hai, jo jisake dvArA jJeya hotA hai vaha usase bhinna hai, jaise jIva se ghaTa / ( 7. zruti-pramANa se bheda kI siddhi ) tathA zrutyApi bhedo'vagantavyaH / 'satyamenamanu vizve madanti, rAti devasya gRNato mghonH|' 'satyaH so asya mahimA gRNe zavo, yajJeSu viprarAjye / ' 'satya AtmA, satyo jIvaH, satyaM bhidA satyaM bhidA satyaM bhidA, maivAruvaNyo maivAravaNyo maivAruvaNya' iti mokSAnandabhedapratipAdakazrutibhyaH / ____usI taraha zruti-pramANa ( Revelation ) se bhI bheda kI sattA jAnI jA sakatI hai / 'yaha saca hai ki stuti karanevAle dhanayukta ( athavA indra ) deva ke isa mitra ( rAti =

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228 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe THATRI dAna ) se sabhI loga prasanna hote haiN| [ indra ke mitra viSNu se sabhI prasanna hote haiM arthAt viSNu aura loka meM pArthakya hai / ]' 'una (viSNu bhagavAn ) kI vaha mahimA saca hai, maiM - brAhmaNoM ke rAjya rUpI yajJoM meM sukha ( zavaH ) ke uddezya se unakI prArthanA karatA huuN|' [VP = prArthanA karanA (krayAdi, parasmai0 ) / ] 'AtmA ( paramAtmA ) satya hai, jIva, satya hai, una donoM kA bheda bhI satya hai, bheda satya hai, bheda satya hai, [ paramAtmA ] duSToM ke dvArA ( ArubhiH ) sevanIya ( vanyaH ) nahIM hai / ( mA eva ), duSToM ke dvArA sevanIya nahIM hai, duSToM ke dvArA sevanIya nahIM hai|' ina zrutiyoM meM mokSa aura Ananda meM bheda kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| [ Aru-ara = doSa, ara + uNa (matupa ke artha meM ) Aru = dossyukt|] 11. idaM jJAnamupAzritya mama saadhrmymaagtaaH| ____sarge'pi nopajAyante pralaye na vyathanti ca // ( gI0 14 // 2 ) 'jagadvyApAravarjam'; 'prakaraNAdasaMnihitatvAcca' (bra0 sU0 4 / 4 / 17-18) ityAdibhyazca / na ca 'brahma veda brahmaiva bhavati' (mu0 3 / 2 / 9) iti zrutibalAjjIvasya pAramaizvaya zakyazaGkam / 'sampUjya brAhmaNaM bhaktayA / zUdro'pi brahmaNo bhavet'--itivad bRMhito bhavatItyarthaparavAt / [gItA meM kRSNa kahate haiM-] 'isa jJAna ( paramAtmA ke jJAna ) ko pAkara manuSya mere samAna ho jAte haiM, ve sRSTi hone para bhI utpanna nahIM hote aura pralaya (vinAzakAla ) meM bhI duHkhoM kA anubhava nahIM karate / ' (gItA0 1402 ) [ isameM mokSa ke bAda bhI bheda hI rahatA hai kyoMki jJAna pAkara manuSya Izvara ke samAna ho jAtA hai| Izvara hI nahIM bana jAtA / ] 'saMsAra ke vyApAroM ( niyamana, sRSTi Adi ) ko chor3akara [ mukta puruSa sabhI kArya kara sakatA hai / ] kyoMki jIva kA prakaraNa ( prasaMga ) itanA hI hai, tathA jIvoM ko saMsAra ke vyApAra se dUra rakhA gayA hai ( unameM vaha sAmarthya nahIM hai, bra0 sU0 4 / 4 / 1718) ina-zrutivAkyoM meM bheda kA hI varNana hai / 'brahma ko jAnanevAlA brahma hI ho jAtA hai' (mu0 3 / 2 / 9) isa zruti ke bala se aisI zaMkA na kareM ki jIva hI paramezvara hai kyoMki isameM kevala prazaMsA kI gayI hai, ( tathya kA nirUpaNa nahIM ) jaisA ki isa zlokArdha meM artha hai-'bhakti se brAhmaNa kI pUjA karane para zUdra bhI brAhmaNa hI ho jAtA hai|' [ isI prakAra ekAvasthA-pratipAdaka zruti ko atizayoktipUrNa mAna leN|] (8. mAyA kA artha-dvaita kA pratipAdana ) nanu12. prapaJco yadi vidyeta nivarteta na sNshyH| mAyAmAtramidaM dvaitamadvataM prmaarthtH|| ( mANDUkyakArikA 1117 )

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pUrNaprajJa-darzanam iti vacanAd dvaitasya kalpitatvamavagamyata iti cetsatyam / bhAvamanabhisaMdhAyAbhidhAnAt / tathA hi-yadyayamutpadyeta taha nivarteta na saMzayaH / tasmAdanAdirevAyaM prakRSTaH paJcavidho bhedaprapaJcaH / na cAyamavidyamAnaH / mAyAmAtratvAt / mAyeti bhagavadicchocyate / 229 koI zaMkA kara bhAva ko soce [ mANDUkya kArikA ( advaitagrantha ) meM kahA hai ki ] yadi prapaJca kI sattA vAstava meM hai to vaha naSTa bhI hogA, isameM sandeha nahIM / yaha dvaita ( Difference ) kevala mAyA hai, vAstava meM to adveta hI satya hai ( mA0 kA0 1 / 17 ) - isa vAkya se sakatA hai ki dveta ( bhedavAda ) kAlpanika hai| hA~, ThIka hai, lekina binA samajhe kahane kA yaha phala hai [ ki zaMkA dikhalAyI par3atI hai / ] ise samajhane kI ceSTA kareM - yadi yaha ( prapakSa ) utpanna hotA tabhI isakA vinAza hotA, isameM sandeha nahIM / isase patA lagatA hai ki yaha prakRSTa bheda prapaJca ( bhedAtmaka saMsAra ) pA~ca prakAra kA hai / isakI sattA nahIM hai, aisI bAta nahIM, kyoMki yaha mAyAmAtra hai / mAyA kA artha hai bhagavAn kI icchaa| vizeSa - mANDUkya kArikA ko prathama paMkti se usa sthAna meM yaha anumAna lagAyA gayA hai ki prapaJca mAyA hai, kAlpanika hai, jaba ki madhva isase dUsarA hI niSkarSa nikAlate haiM ki yaha prapaJca anAdi hai / yaha mAyA arthAt Izvara kI icchA hI hai / mahAbhAratatAtparya- nirNaya meM kahA gayA hai statopogra paJcabhedAMzca vijJAya viSNoH svAbhedameva ca / nirdoSatvaM guNodrekaM jJAtvA muktirna cAnyathA // ( 1182 ) / aba paurANika vAkyoM kA uddharaNa dekara mAyA kI vyAkhyA kI jAyagI / 13. mahAmAyetyavidyeti niyatirmohinIti ca / prakRtirvAsanetyeva tavecchAnanta kathyate // 14. prakRtiH prakuSTakaraNAdvAsanA vAsayedyataH H / a ityukto haristasya mAyAvidyeti saMjJitA / 15. mAyetyuktA prakRSTatvAtprakRSTe hi mayAbhidhA / viSNoH prajJaptirevaikA zabdaretairudIryate // 16. prajJaptirUpo hi hariH sA ca svAnandalakSaNA / ityAdivacananicayaprAmANyabalAt / he ananta Izvara ! ApakI icchA ko hI mahAmAyA, avidyA, niyati, mohinI, prakRti aura vAsanA bhI kahate haiM // 13 // adhika utpanna hone ke kAraNa ise prakRti kahate haiM, vicAroM ko paidA karane ke kAraNa ise vAsanA kahate haiM / 'a' kA artha hari hai, unakI mAyA ( icchA ) ko avidyA nAma dete haiM / / 14 / / prakRSTa ( bar3A ) hone ke kAraNa ise mAyA

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230 sarvadarzanasaMgraha kahate haiM kyoMki 'maya' kA artha 'bar3A' hotA hai / ina zabdoM se ekamAtra viSNu kI prajJA ( Excellent Knowledge ) kA hI bodha hotA hai // 15 // hari viziSTa jJAna ke svarUpa haiM, usa viziSTa jJAna ( prajJA ) kA lakSaNa hai nirantara ( apane Apa ) AnandaprApti / / 16 ||-in vacanoM ke pramANa se [ mAyA kA artha bhagavAn kI icchA sUcita hotA hai ] / seva prajJA mAnatrANakoM ca yasya tanmAyAmAtram / tatazca paramezvareNa jJAnatvAdrakSitatvAcca na drutaM bhrAntikalpitam / na hIzvare sarvasya bhrAntiH saMbhavati / vizeSAdarzananibandhanatvAd bhraanteH| tahi tavyapadezaH kathamityatrottaramadvaitaM paramArthata iti / paramArthata iti paramArthApekSayA / tena sarvasmAduttamasya viSNutattvasya samabhyadhikazUnyatvamuktaM bhvti| __ [ Upara prapaMca ko mAyAmAtra kahA gayA hai / aba mAyAmAtra zabda kA artha karate haiM-] Izvara kI uparyukta prajJA ( icchA, mAyA, buddhi ) jisako mApe ( Measure out ) aura jisakI rakSA kare vahI hai mAyAmAtra ( mAyA + /maa+Vtraa)| ataH yaha siddha huA ki paramezvara isa prapaMca ko jAnate haiM tathA rakSA bhI karate haiM ( arthAt prapaJca satya hai, tabhI to paramezvara ise jAnate haiM tathA rakSA karate haiN)| isalie dvaita bhrAnti ( bhrama Illusion ) ke dvArA kallita nahIM hai ( satya hai)| Izvara ko bhI sabhI padArthoM ke viSaya meM bhrAnti hogI--yaha sambhava nahIM hai kyoMki bhrAnti vizeSa ( bheda ) ke a-darzana para nirbhara karatI hai| [ Izvara ke lie koI bhI padArtha adRzya nahIM.-ve saba kucha dekhate haiM isalie unheM bhrAnti nahIM hogI / ] phira [ mANDUkya kArikA meM ] usakA ullekha hI kyoM huA ? [ Izvara ke lie 'advaitaH sarvabhAvAnAm' Adi zlokoM meM advaita zabda se kyoM abhihita kiyA gayA hai ? ] isakA uttara hai ki paramArtha se advaita tattva hotA hai / 'paramArtha se' kA matalaba hai paramArtha kI apekSA rakhane para / isalie abhiprAya yahI hai ki saba se UMcA viSNu-tattva hai, koI na to usake samAna hai, na usase UMcA / vizeSa-advaita kI khIMca-tAna khUba hI kI gayI hai / tattva paramArthataH advaita hai arthAt parama ( sabase Uce ) artha ( = viSNu ) ko lakSita karane para tattva advaita hI hai / viSNu sabase UMcA hai, eka hI tattva hai kyoMki utanA UMcA koI tattva nahIM, na to usakI koI barAbarI kara sakatA na usase bar3ha sakatA hai / ataH advaita kA artha hai sabase UMcA, na ki ekamAtra tattva / tathA ca paramA zratiH

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pUrNaprajJa-darzanam tathA / 17. jIvezvarabhidA caiva jaDezvarabhidA jIvabhedo mithazcaiva jaDajIvabhidA tathA // 18. mithazca jaDabhedo yaH prapaJco bhedapaJcakaH / so'yaM satyo'pyanAdizva sAdizvenAzamApnuyAt // 19. na ca nAzaM prayAtyeSa na cAsau bhrAntikalpitaH / kalpitazcennivarteta na cAsau vinivartate // 20. dvaitaM na vidyata iti tasmAdajJAninAM matam / mataM hi jJAninAmetanmitaM trAtaM hi viSNunA // tasmAnmAtramiti proktaM paramo harireva tu / ityAdi / tasmAdviSNoH sarvotkarSa eva tAtparyaM sarvAgamAnAm / 231 isIlie parama zruti yahI hai--' jIva aura Izvara meM bheda hai, jar3a aura Izvara meM bheda hai, jIvoM meM paraspara bheda hai, jar3a aura jIvoM meM bheda hai, jar3oM meM bhI paraspara bheda hai - isa prakAra saMsAra ( prapaMca) meM pA~ca prakAra ke bheda haiM / yahI bheda saccA hai aura anAdikAla se calA A rahA hai / yadi isakA kahIM Arambha huA hotA to naSTa bhI ho jAtA / / 18 / / kintu yaha naSTa ( samApta ) nahIM hotA, yaha bhrAnti se bhI kalpita nahIM hai / yadi kalpita hotA to isakI samApti bhI ho sakatI / lekina isakI samApti nahIM hotI // 19 // isalie 'dvaita ko sattA nahIM hai' aisA siddhAnta ajJAniyoM kA hai / jJAniyoM kA to yaha mata hai ki isa prapaMca kI miti ( mApA jAnA ) tathA rakSA viSNu ke dvArA hotI hai isalie ise 'mAtra' kahate haiM hari hI sabase UMce haiM / ' ityAdi / ataeva sabhI AgamoM kA tAtparya yaha hai ki viSNu hI sabase U~ce haiM / ( 9. Izvara kI sarvotkRSTatA ke anya pramANa ) etadevAbhisaMdhAyAbhihitaM bhagavatA - 21. dvAvimau puruSau loke kSarazvAkSara eva ca / kSaraH sarvANi bhUtAni kUTastho'kSara ucyate // 22. uttamaH puruSastvanyaH paramAtmetyudAhRtaH / yo lokatrayamAvizya bibhartyavyaya IzvaraH // 23. yasmAtkSarama tIto'hamakSarAdapi cottamaH / ato'smi loke vede ca prathitaH puruSottamaH // 24. yo mAmevamasaMmUDho jAnAti puruSottamam / sa sarvavidbhajati mAM sarvabhAvena bhArata / 25. iti guhyatamaM zAstramidamuktaM mayAnagha / etad buddhvA buddhimAnsyAtkRtakRtyazca bhArata / / ( gI0 15 / 16 - 20 ) iti /

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe inhIM bAtoM para dhyAna rakhate hue bhagavAn kRSNa ne kahA hai- 'saMsAra meM ye hI do puruSa haiM, kSara aura akSara / ye sabhI padArtha ( Beings ) kSara ( perishable ) haiM, vaha kUTastha arthAt avikRta padArtha hI akSara ( Imperishable ) kahA jAtA hai' // 21 // inase pRthak eka dUsarA puruSa hai jo paramAtmA ke nAma se pukArA jAtA hai / vaha avyaya ( Undecaying ) Izvara hai jo tInoM lokoM ko apane meM sameTa karake hI dhAraNa karatA hai / / 22 / / 232 [ kRSNa Age kahate haiM - ] 'cU~ki maiM sara-padArtha ke Upara hU~ tathA akSara se bhI UMcA hU~, isalie loka meM aura veda meM bhI puruSottama ke rUpa meM vikhyAta hU~ // 23 // sammoha ( Infatuation ) se rahita hokara jo vyakti mujhe puruSottama ke rUpa meM jAnatA hai; he arjuna, vaha saba kucha jAna jAtA hai tathA saba prakAra se mujhe bhajatA hai / / 24 // he niSpApa (arjuna), isa prakAra maiMne sabase adhika gopanIya zAstra kA varNana kiyA / he arjuna, ise jAnakara manuSya buddhimAna ( Antarika jJAna- sampanna ) tathA kRtakRtya ( apane kAryoM ko samApta kara denevAlA ) ho jAtA hai / ' ( gItA 15 / 16-20 ) / ( 10. mokSa Izvara ke prasAda se hI milatA hai ) mahAvarAhe'pi - 26. mukhyaM ca sarvavedAnAM tAtparyaM zrIpatau pare / utkarSe tu tadanyatra tAtparyaM yAdavAntaram // iti / yuktaM ca viSNoH sarvotkarSe mahAtAtparyam / mokSo hi sarvapuruSArthottamaH / 27. dharmArthakAmAH sarve'pi na nityA mokSa eva hi / nityastasmAttadarthAya yateta matimAnnaraH // iti bhAllaveyazruteH / mahAvarAha (purANa) meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki sabhI vedoM kA mukhya tAtparya parama zrIpati (viSNu) meM hI sthita hai, unase bhinna kisI devatA ke guNoM meM tAtparya honA to gauNa ( Subordinate purport ) hai / / 26 / / yaha yuktisaMgata hai ki viSNu ke utkarSa kA varNana hI mahAna ( mukhya ) tAtparya [ una vedoM kA ] hai / mokSa hI sabhI puruSArthoM meM UMcA hai jaisA ki bhAllaveya upaniSad meM kahA gayA hai - 'dharma, artha aura kAma, ye saba koI 1. tula0 - brahmA zivaH surezAdyAH zarIrakSaraNAtkSarAH / lakSmIrakSara dehatvAdakSarA tatparo hariH // brahmA, ziva, indra Adi kSara haiM kyoMki inake zarIra naSTa hote haiM / akSara deha hone ke kAraNa lakSmI akSarA hai| ina donoM ceranoM se bhinna hari haiM / loka = saMsAra yA paryAlo - canA karane para |

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pUrNaprajJa-darzanam 233 bhI nitya nahIM haiM; nitya koI hai to mokSa- isalie usI kI prApti ke lie buddhimAnoM ko prayatna karanA cAhie' // 27 // mokSazca viSNuprasAdamantareNa na lbhyte| 28. yasya prasAdAtparamAttirUpAdasmAtsaMsArAnmucyate nApareNa / nArAyaNo'sau paramo vicintyo mumukSubhiH karmapAzAdamuSmAt // iti naaraaynnshruteH| 29. tasminprasanne kimihAstyalabhyaM dhrmaarthkaamairlmlpkaaste| samAzritAd brahmataroranantAt niHsaMzayaM muktiphalaM prayAnti // (vi0 pu0 1 / 17491) iti viSNupurANoktezca / prasAdazca guNotkarSajJAnAdeva nAbhedajJAnAvityuktam / viSNu kI kRpA ke binA mokSa nahIM milatA jaisA ki nArAyaNa upaniSad meM kahA gayA hai-'jinakI kRpA pAkara parama duHkha-rUpI isa saMsAra se loga mukta ho jAte haiM, dUsare loga (binA kRpA pAye ) nahIM / isa karma ke jAla se mukta hone kI icchA rakhanevAloM ko una parama nArAyaNa kA cintana (dhyAna ) karanA caahie|' // 28 // viSNupurANa meM bhI kahA gayA hai-'una bhagavAn ( viSNu ) ke prasanna ho jAne para isa loka meM kauna padArtha durlabha . hai ? dharma, artha aura kAma kI prArthanA karanA vyartha hai, kyoMki ve bahuta thor3e haiM ( asthAyI haiM ) / ananta brahmavRkSa para Azrita rahakara [ mukti ke icchuka loga ] niHsandeha muktirUpI phala prApta karate haiN|' // 29 // yaha kahA gayA hai ki guNoM ke utkarSa kA jJAna hone se hI [ bhagavAn kI ] kRpA prApta hotI hai, abheda kA jJAna hone se nahIM ( jaisA ki advaitavAdI kahA karate haiN)| ( 11. 'tatvamasi' kA artha ) na ca tttvmsyaaditaadaatmyvyaakopH| zrutitAtparyAparijJAnavijRmbhaNAt / 30. Aha nityaparokSaM tu tvacchabdo hyavizeSataH / tvaMzabdazcAparokSArthaM tayorakyaM kathaM bhavet // 31. Adityo yUpa itivatsAdRzyArthA tu sA zrutiH / iti / tathA ca paramA zrutiH32. jIvasya paramaikyaM tu buddhisArUpyameva tu| ekasthAnanivezo vA vyaktisthAnamapekSya sH|| 33. na svarUpaikatA tasya yuktasyApi viruuptH| svAtantryapUrNate'lpatvapAranye virUpate // iti /

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM ki 'tattvamasi' ( vaha tumhIM ho ) isa vAkya meM sthita [ jIva aura Izvara ke bIca ] tAdAtmya - sambandha se koI virodha hai kyoMki aisA kahanA vedoM ke tAtparya ko na jAnakara kiyA gayA bakavAda ( Babbling ) hai / 234 [ prazna yaha hai ki ] 'tat' zabda sAmAnya rUpa se nitya-parokSa padArtha kA bodha karAtA hai, dUsarI ora, 'tvam' zabda pratyakSa vastu kA bodhaka hai, donoM meM ekatA kaise ho sakatI hai ? // 30 // [ kintu uttara yahI hogA ki ] isa zruti vAkya meM 'Aditya hI yUpa hai' ( = Aditya ke samAna yUpa hai ) - - isa vAkya kI taraha hI [ lakSaNA ] se sAdRzya kA artha hai / [ jisa prakAra Aditya aura yUpa ( yajJa kA khUMTA ) meM ekatA asambhava dekhakara sAdRzya - artha kI kalpanA hotI hai usI prakAra 'tat' aura 'tvam' meM ekatA asambhava hone se isa zruti meM jIva ko brahma kA sarUpa ( sadRza ) mAnane kA tAtparya liyA jAtA / ] // 31 // jaisA parama zruti meM kahA gayA hai-- 'jIva kI parama ( Ultimate ) ekatA kA artha hai buddhi ( jJAna ) meM samarUpa ( Similar ) ho jAnA [ yadyapi paramAtmA ke jJAna ke anusAra jIva kA jJAna hone ke kAraNa paramAtmA jo-jo jAna sakatA hai vahI jIva nahIM jAna sakatA ], yA eka hI sthAna para rahanA ( vaikuNTha loka meM jIva aura paramAtmA kA eka sAtha rahanA hI jIva kI ekatA hai ), kintu yaha nivAsa mUlasthAna ke vyaMjaka ( vaikuNTha loka ) ko hI dhyAna meM rakhate hue kahA gayA hai / [ 'eka sAtha nivAsa karanA' kahane para baddha jIvoM ke sAtha bhI paramAtmA kA rahanA sambhava hai, para aisI bAta nahIM / mUlasthAna arthAt vaikuNTha loka meM hI eka sthAna para rahane kA abhiprAya hai isIlie 'vyakti sthAna' kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / ] ' // 32 // 'jIva [ baddha to kyA, ] yadi mukta ho jAya taba bhI viruddha dharma hone ke kAraNa ( virUpataH ) Izvara se svarUpa meM eka nahIM ho sakatA / una donoM meM virUpatAeM yahI haiMIzvara meM svatantratA aura pUrNatA hai jaba ki jIva meM alpatA ( aNutva ) aura paratantratA hai' // 33 // ( 11 ka. tattvamasi kA dUsarA artha ) athavA tattvamasItyatra sa evAtmA svAtantryAdiguNopetatvAt / atattvamasi tvaM tatra bhavasi tadrahitatvAdityekatvamatizayena nirAkRtam / tadAhaatattvamiti vA chedastenaikyaM sunirAkRtam / iti / tasmAd dRSTAntanavake'pi sa yathA zakuniH sUtreNa prabaddha:' ( chA0 6 / 8 / 3 ) ityAdinA bheda eva dRSTAntAbhidhAnAnnAyamabhedopadeza iti tattvavAda rahasyam / [ aba 'AtmA tattvamasi' kI vyAkhyA dUsare prakAra se karane ke lie isakA padaccheda dUsare rUpa meM karate haiM ki 'AtmA + atat + tvamasi' = tuma vahI nahIM ho| isake lie

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pUrNapraja-varzanam 235. ve kahate haiM-] yA yaha bhI sambhava hai ki 'tattvamasi' meM [ isake pUrva ] usI AtmA ( paramAtmA ) kA artha ho jo svatantratA Adi guNoM se yukta hai| [ kintu isake bAda ] 'atat tvam asi' kA artha yahI hai ki tuma vahI ( paramAtmA ) nahIM ho kyoMki svatantratA Adi ve guNa tumameM nahIM haiN| isalie donoM kI ekatA kA nirAkaraNa acchI taraha kiyA gayA hai| jaisA ki kahate haiM-'atat tvam' ke rUpa meM cheda kareM jisase [ jIva aura Izvara kI ] ekatA acchI taraha nirAkRta kara dI jAya / [phira bhI prazna ho sakatA hai ki chAndogyopaniSad meM jahA~ se yaha vAkya liyA gayA hai vahA~ para to nava udAharaNoM se siddha kiyA gayA hai ki jIva aura Izvara eka haiM-tat tvam asi / isake uttara meM ve kahate haiM-] isIlie navoM dRSTAntoM ke dvArA, 'jaise pakSI sUte meM baMdha jAne para' ityAdi ( chA0 6 / 8 / 3 ) vAkyoM se bheda kA pratipAdana hai, dRSTAnta dekara yeha samajhAyA gayA hai ki inameM abheda ( advaita ) kA upadeza nahIM hai-aisA tattvavAdarahasya meM kahA gayA hai| . vizeSa-chAndogyopaniSad ke chaThe adhyAya meM sadvidyA kA prakaraNa hai| vahA~ AThaveM khaNDa se Arambha karake solahaveM khaNDa taka (kula nava khaNDoM meM ) pratyeka khaNDa meM eka-eka udAharaNa dekara anta meM 'AtmA tattvamasi' niSkarSa nikAlA gayA hai| vahA~ spaSTa rUpa se aikya kA pratipAdana hai, para madhva bheda svabhAva ke kAraNa dRSTAntoM ko bheda-pratipAdaka mAnate haiM / una dRSTAntoM kA avalokana kreN| (1) prathama khaNDa meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki suSupti avasthA ( Sleep ) kA anubhava sabhI prANI karate haiM / isI avasthA meM jIva sadrUpa ( Having reality as essence ) brahma se sampanna hotA hai / isake lie dRSTAnta hai-jaise vyAdha ke hAtha meM sthita rassI meM baMdhA huA pakSI bandhana se bacane ke lie idhara-udhara girakara kahIM Azraya na pAkara phira bandhana meM hI lauTa AtA hai, usI prakAra jIva bhI svapna aura jAgRti kI avasthA meM idharaudhara girakara kahIM vizrAnti na pAne para suSupti avasthA meM sadrUpI brahma kA hI Azraya letA hai| madhva kahate haiM ki isa dRSTAnta meM Azraya-Azrita kA bheda hai, yaha zakuni (pakSI) aura sUte ke udAharaNa se spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / ataH brahma aura jIva meM bhI bheda hai| vahI 'sa AtmA tattvamasi zvetaketo' kahakara dikhalAyA gayA hai| [ uddAlaka apane putra zvetaketu ko yaha samajhAte haiN| ] (2) dvitIya khaNDa meM yaha batalAyA gayA hai-'isa zarIra meM jIva ko Azraya denevAlA use bhinna koI padArtha nahIM hai kyoki bhedarUpa meM kisI aise padArtha kI upalabdhi nahIM hotii|' isa zaMkA ke nivAraNa ke lie dRSTAnta hai-jaise bhauMre nAnA prakAra ke vRkSoM ke phUloM kA rasa lAkara ekatra karate haiM taba madhu banatA hai| usake rasa bhinna hone para bhI yaha nahIM jAnate ki maiM isa phala kA rasa hU~, vaha usa phUla kA isa prakAra ve ApasI bheda

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236 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe nahIM jAnate / vese hI jIva bhI apane Azraya ko nahIM jAnate / vAstava meM Azraya to hai hI / isa prakAra 'jahA~ bheda nahIM dikhalAyI par3atA, vahA~ bheda hai hI nahIM'- isa niyama kA ullaMghana haA / bheda nahIM dikhalAyI par3ane para bhI bheda kI sattA raha sakatI hai| phira bhI zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki cetana padArthoM meM to yaha niyama rahegA hI ki bheda na dikhalAyI par3ane para bheda nahIM ho / isakA uttara Age hai| (3) tRtIya khaNDa meM kahate haiM ki jaise gaMgA, yamunA Adi nadiyoM kI cetana deviyA~ saMmudra meM calI jAne para yaha nahIM jAnatIM, ki maiM gaMgA hU~, vaha yamunA, aura megha ke dvArA samudra se nikala jAne para bhI apanA astitva nahIM jAnatIM, megha se pRthvI para girane para bhI apanA svatantra astitva nahIM rakhatIM, usI prakAra jIva bhI jAgRti-suSupti meM Azraya kA jJAna nahIM rakhatA / parantu madhva ke anusAra bheda to hai hii| isa prakAra cetana padArthoM meM bhI usa niyama kA ullaMghana hotA hai| phira bhI zaMkA hogI ki Izvara jIva se bhinna hone para bhI jIva ko apane adhIna kaise rakhegA ? (4) caturtha khaNDa meM isakA uttara hai / vRkSa ke mUla meM, bIca meM, Age meM yA kahIM bhI AghAta hone para kevala rasa kA srAva ( Flow ) hotA hai, vRkSa hI nahIM sUkha jAtA / kabhI-kabhI to bAharI kAraNa ke abhAva meM bhI vRkSa sUkha jAtA hai-yaha jIva ke adhIna nahIM hai / jIva to sadA sukha hI cAhatA hai / jaise vRkSa ke zarIra meM rahanevAlA jIva Izvara ke adhIna hai vaise hI manuSyAdi ke zarIra meM rahanevAlA jIva bhI IzvarAdhIna hI hogaa| isase bhedavAdI jIva se bhinna, jIvAzraya ke rUpa meM Izvara kI siddhi karate haiN| phira bhI advaitavAdI zaMkA kareMge ki kisa kAraNa se Izvara kA jJAna jIva ko nahIM hotA ? | (5) paJcama khaNDa meM isake samAdhAna ke lie kahA hai ki jaise vaTavRkSa ke phala ko tor3ane para sUkSma bIja dikhAI par3ate haiM / ina bIjoM ke tor3ane para kucha bhI dikhalAI nahIM par3atA kyoMki ye bIja ke bIja aura bhI sUkSma haiM / kintu ina sUkSmatara bIjAvayavoM se hI vizAla vaTavRkSa utpanna hotA hai| Izvara bhI jIva kI apekSA parama sUkSma hone ke kAraNa jJAta nahIM hotaa| sUkSma avayavoM ( kAraNa ) ko na dekhane para bhI hama vaTavRkSa ( kArya ) ko dekha sakate haiN| vaise hI kAryarUpa saMsAra ko dekhane para bhI kAraNa-svarUpa Izvara ko nahIM dekha sakate / para isa para vizvAsa kaise kareM ? (6.) SaSTha khaNDa meM utara diyA gayA hai ki pAnI meM DAlane para namaka jaba vilIna ho jAtA hai taba kahIM dikhalAyI nahIM par3atA, tvacA ( Skin ) se bhI sparza kA anubhava nahIM hotA, hA~, jIbha se use jAna sakate haiM / jaise lavaNa ke guNa ( rasa ) kA anubhava karane para bhI lavaNa dikhalAyI nahIM par3atA, vaise hI Izvara kI sAmarthya kA darzana hone para bhI Izvara dikhalAyI nahIM par3atA / phira aise atyanta sUkSma Izvara ko jAnate aura pAte kaise haiM ? (7) saptama khaNDa meM kahA hai ki jaise gAndhAra deza ke eka dhanI nivAsI ko cora milakara hAtha-paira bAMdha deM, A~khoM para paTTI bA~dha deM aura saba kucha chInakara jaMgala meM chor3a

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pUrNaprajJa-darzanam 237 deM-use aisI avasthA meM rote-kalapate dekhakara koI dayAlu puruSa bandhana se chur3A de aura kaha de ki isa dizA meM gAndhAra deza hai, cale jAo, vaha dhanI bhI gA~va-gA~va ghamate hae gAndhAra pahu~ca jAtA hai; ThIka usI prakAra karmarUpI coroM ke dvArA jIva kA sArA jJAna chIna liyA jAtA hai aura vaha jIva zarIrarUpI jaMgala meM chor3a diyA jAtA hai, koI dayAla sadguru use upadeza dete haiM aura vaha zravaNa, manana Adi sAdhanoM se hote hue apanI janmabhUmi arthAt bhagavAn ko prApta kara letA hai| isa prakAra vRkSa ke zarIra meM sthita jIva bhagavAna ke adhIna hai, vaise hI manuSya ke zarIra meM bhI anumAna kara leM, yaha caturtha khaNDa kA tAtparya yahA~ bhI kahA hai| aba manuSya ke zarIra meM hI jIva kI IzvarAdhInatA kA anubhava hotA hai / isake lie aSTama khaNDa meM likhate haiM / (8) aSTama khaNDa meM kahA hai ki, manuSya kI jaba mRtyu nikaTa AtI hai, taba vANI Adi kA nAza hone se vaha kucha bola nahIM pAtA, nikaTa Aye hue bandhu-bAndhavoM ko bhI nahIM pahacAnatA / IzvarAdhIna hone ke kAraNa jIva bhI usI dazA kA anubhava karatA hai| (9) navama khaNDa meM kahA hai ki jisa cora para rAjA ko sandeha hai, usake yaha kahane para bhI ki maiMne corI nahIM kI hai, rAjAdhikArI loga parIkSA ke lie garma lohA usake hAtha para rakhate haiN| jhUTha bolanevAlA cora jala jAtA hai, satya bolanevAlA satya ke dvArA vyavadhAna par3ane se nahIM jltaa| isI taraha tattva ko jAnanevAlA bhI mukta ho jAtA hai, dUsare loga bandhana meM rahate haiM / paramAtmA ko bheda-rUpa meM jAnanevAlA hI tattvajJAnI hai| ___isa prakAra navoM sthAnoM meM bheda kA hI pratipAdana hai / pakSI aura sUte meM, vibhinna vRkSoM ke rasoM meM, nadI aura samudra meM, jIva aura vRkSa meM, baTavRkSa aura sUkSma bIjoM meM, namaka aura pAnI meM, gAndhAra aura puruSa meM, maraNAsanna aura usake bandhuoM meM tathA cora aura vastu meM aikya ho nahIM sakatA / vizeSa ke lie chAndogyopaniSad hI dekheN| ( 11 kha. ukta nava dRSTAntoM se bheda-siddhi ) tathA ca mahopaniSad 34. yathA pakSI ca sUtraM ca nAnAvRkSarasA ythaa| - yathA nadyaH samudrAzca yathA jIvamahIrahau // 35. yathANimA ca dhAnA ca zuddhodalavaNe yathA / corApahAyau ca yathA yathA viSayAvapi // 36. yathAjJo jIvasaGghazca prANAdezca niyaamkH| tathA jIvezvarau bhinnau sarvadeva vilakSaNau // 37. tathApi sUkSmarUpatvAnna jIvAtparamo hariH / bhedena mandadRSTInAM dRzyate prerako'pi san // 38. valakSaNyaM tayorjJAtvA mucyate badhyate'nyathA // iti //

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe isalie mahopaniSad meM kahA gayA hai--' jaise pakSI aura sUtra, jaise nAnA prakAra ke vRkSoM ke rasa, jaise nadiyAM aura samudra, jaise jIva aura vRkSa, jaise aNutA aura dhAraNazakti, jaise zuddha jala aura namaka, jaise cora aura apaharaNIya vastu, jaise puruSa aura usake viSaya, jaise ajJa jIvoM kA samUha aura prANAdi kA niyAmaka - ye saba bhinna haiM, usI prakAra jIva aura Izvara vibhinna lakSaNoM ke hone ke kAraNa sadA hI bhinna haiM / / 34-36 / / phira bhI sUkSmarUpa hone ke kAraNa parama ( sarvocca ) hari ko manda dRSTivAle puruSa jIva se bhinna rUpa meM nahIM dekhate haiM, yadyapi ve hI ( hari ) saboM ko kArya meM pravRtta karate haiM // 37 // ina donoM kI vilakSaNatA ( Difference ) jAnane para manuSya mukta ho jAtA hai, nahIM to vaha bandhana meM par3A rahatA hai // 38 // 238 vizeSa -- chAndogyopaniSad ke ukta nava usameM bhI krama meM kucha parivartana kiyA gayA hai| kucha ekarasatA -sI lagatI hai / udAharaNoM kA ullekha yahA~ kiyA gayA hai, eka hI bAta-meda kA pratipAdana karane se 39. brahmA zivaH surAdyAzca lakSmIrakSaradehatvAdakSarA 40. svAtantryazaktivijJAnasukhAdya rakhilairguNaiH niHsImatvena te sarve tadvazAH 41. viSNuM sarvaguNaiH pUrNaM jJAtvA zarIrakSaraNAtkSarAH / tatparo hariH // sarvadaiva ca // iti / saMsAravajitaH / nirduHkhAnandabhuG nityaM tatsamIpe sa modate // 42. muktAnAM cAzrayo viSNuradhiko'dhipatistathA / tadvazA eva te sarve sarvadaiva sa IzvaraH // iti ca / 'brahmA, ziva, indrAdi kSara kahalAte haiM, kyoMki inake zarIra nAzavAn haiM, anazvara zarIra hone ke kAraNa lakSmI akSarA hai, hari ina donoM se pare haiM // 39 // svatantratA, "zakti, vijJAna, sukha Adi sabhI guNoM ke Izvara meM asIma mAtrA meM hone ke kAraNa sarvadA sabhI padArtha unake vaza meM rahate haiM // 40 // ' 'viSNu ko sabhI guNoM se paripUrNa jAnakara, puruSa saMsAra ( AvAgamana ) se mukta ho jAtA hai, duHkha se rahita Ananda kA bhoga karate hue nityarUpa se vaha ( puruSa ) paramAtmA ke pAsa sukha bhoga karatA hai // 41 // mukta puruSoM ke Azraya viSNu hI haiM, sarvocca svAmI ve hI haiN| unhIM ke vaza meM ve saba hamezA ke lie rahate haiM, ve hI Izvara haiM // 42 // ' ( 12. eka ke jJAna se sabhI vastuoM kA jJAna - isakA artha ) ekavijJAnena sarvavijJAnaM ca pradhAnatvakAraNatvAdinA yujyate na tu sarvamithyAtvena / na hi satyajJAnena mithyAjJAnaM sambhavati / yathA pradhAnapuruSANAM

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pUrNa prajJa -varzanam 239 jJAnAjJAnAbhyAM grAmo jJAto'jJAta ityevamAdivyapadezo dRSTa eva / yathA ca kAraNe pitari jJAte jAnAtyasya putramiti / yathA vA sAdRzyAdekastrIjJAnAd anyastrIjJAnamiti / [ chAndogyopaniSad ( 6 / 114 ) meM eka vAkya hai - 'yathA somyaikena mRtpiNDena sarvaM mRNmayaM vijJAtaM syAt' / isake pUrva meM vAkya hai-- evaM cAvijJAnaM vijJAtaM bhavati / ina uddharaNoM meM eka ke jJAna se sabhI avijJAta vastuoM ke jJAna kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / isakA artha advaitavedAntI loga jagat ko mithyA mAnate hue karate haiM / jagat brahma kI zakti avidyA se vivartarUpa se utpanna huA hai, vaha mithyA hai, isIlie vAstava meM AtmA kA jJAna hI saba kucha hai, use jAnane se hI saboM kA jJAna ho jAtA hai - isI ke AdhAra para jagat ko mithyA mAnate haiM, lekina madhvAcArya isa zrutivAkya kA dUsare rUpa meM artha karate haiM, donoM ke phaloM yA niSkarSo meM antara hai| unakA kahanA hai ki ] eka ke jAnane se saboM kA jAnanA isalie yuktiyukta hai ki pradhAnatA yA kAryakAraNa-sambandha Adi hone ke kAraNa aisA kahA gayA hai, isalie nahIM ki saba kucha mithyA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki satya - vastu ( jaise zukti, brahma Adi ) ke jJAna se mithyA vastu ( rajata, jagat Adi ) kA jJAna sambhava nahIM hai / [ sIpI ko jAnane se cA~dI ko bhI jAna legA, aisI sthiti kahIM nahIM hai, balki yahI jJAna ho sakatA hai ki yaha cA~dI nahIM hai / ye donoM jJAna eka-dUsare ke virodhI haiM / ] ' [ aba pradhAnatA, kAryakAraNa sambandha tathA sAdRzya ke kAraNa ukta zruti kaise yuktiyukta hai, isakA vivecana karate haiM - ] jaise kisI gA~va ke pradhAna vyaktiyoM ko jAnane yA na jAnane se gA~va ko hI jAnane yA nahIM jAnane kA laukika prayoga logoM meM sAdhAraNataH dekhA jAtA hai / punaH jisa prakAra kAraNa ke rUpa meM pitA ko jAna lene para usake putra ko bhI jAna lete haiM athavA jisa taraha sAdRzya ke kAraNa eka strI ko jAna lene para dUsarI striyoM kA jJAna ho jAtA hai / vizeSa - - eka vijJAna se saboM kA vijJAna svarUpa para AdhArita nahIM hai, phala para hI nirbhara karatA hai / aisI bAta nahIM hai ki eka vastu kA svarUpa jAna lene para bhI vastuoM kA vidhivat jJAna ho jAtA hai| balki saba ke jJAna kA phala eka ke jJAna se hI milatA hai / pradhAna vastu ke jJAna se sabakA jJAna hotA hai, kAraNa ke jJAna se kArya kA jJAna hotA hai| tathA kisI vastu ke jJAna se usakI taraha kI anya vastuoM kA jJAna hotA hai / strI kA lakSaNa hai - stanoM aura kezoM ( komala ) kA honA, ise dekhane se anya striyoM ke jJAna kA 1. isake viruddha pataMjali mahAbhASya meM kahate haiM--yo hi zabdAJjAnAtyapa-zabdAna pyasau jAnAti / ( paspazAhnika, vyAkaraNaprayojanaprakaraNa ) / 2. tulanIya - 'stanakezavatI strI syAllomazaH puruSaH smRtaH ' /

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240 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe phala mila jAtA hai| dUsarI striyoM ko dekhane para apane-Apa pahalA jJAna calA AtA hai| kintu isa sAdRzya ke AdhAra para jIva aura Izvara ke bIca sAdRzya sthApita nahIM kara skte| kucha bAtoM meM aisA ho sakatA hai, para sabhI pahaluoM se nahIM / brahma aura jIva meM caitanya, satyatA, jJAna Adi kI tulanA ho sakatI hai, parantu svatantratA Adi katipaya guNoM kA sAdRzya nahIM hai, kyoMki zruti pramANa se isakA virodha hotA hai| ataH paramAtmA ko satya-rUpa meM jAnakara jagana ko bhI satya-rUpa meM jAna leMge-yaha siddha hai| tadeva sAdRzyamatrApi vivakSitaM 'yathA somyakena mRtpiNDena sarva mRnmayaM vijJAtaM syAt' (chA0 6 / 114 ) ityAdinA / anyathA 'somyakena mRtpiNDena sarva mRnmayaM vijJAtam' ityatra eka-piNDazabdo vRthA prasajyeyAtAm / 'mRdA vijJAtayA' ityetAvataiva vAkyasya pUrNatvAt / uparyukta tIna prakAra ke sambandhoM meM sAdRzya-sambandha hI isa nimnalikhita udAharaNa meM kahanA abhISTa hai-'he saubhya (prasannamukha ziSya ), jaise miTTI ke eka piNDa ko jAnane se miTTI jAti kA hI bodha ho jAtA hai' ( chA0 6 / 1 / 4) ityAdi / yadi aisA nahIM hotA (=sAdRzya isakA kAraNa nahIM hotA, balki upAdAnopAdeya-bhAva kAraNa hotA ) taba 'saumya, miTTI ke eka piNDa se sabhI mRNmaya padArthoM kA jJAna ho jAtA hai' isa vAkya meM 'eka' aura 'piNDa' zabda vyartha hI ho jAte, kevala itanA kahane se hI vAkya pUrNa ho jAtA-'miTTI ko jAnane se......' ityAdi / vizeSa-jaba sAdRzya ke kAraNa eka ke jAnane se saba kA jJAna honA mAnege, tabhI miTTI ke kisI eka piNDa kI abhivyakti dikhalAkara 'dUsarI abhivyaktiyA~ bhI aisI. hI hotI haiM' aisA jJAna dUsaroM ke viSaya meM ho jaaygaa| isa prakAra eka zabda kA apanA mahattva hogA / sAdRzya ke lie bhI bheda kI taraha hI do padArtha hote haiM--eka dharmI, dUsarA prtiyogii| miTTI ke bane ghaTa Adi ko dharmI banAkara miTTI kA piNDa svayaM pratiyogI ho jAtA hai / miTTI kA banA huA piNDa bhI hai, ghaTa bhii| piNDa ke sAdRzya se hI miTTI ke dUsare vikAra ghaTa kA jJAna hotA hai| ataH piNDa zabda bhI sArthaka hai| dUsarI ora, yadi upAdAnopAdeya-sambandha se ukta vAkya kI prAmANikatA mAneM to eka aura piNDa zabdoM kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhegii| inake binA bhI vAkya kA pUrA-pUrA artha nikalatA / 'mRdA vijJAtayA sarva mRNmayaM vijJAtaM syAt'-kevala itanA hI kahate / kahIM kI thor3I miTTI kA jJAna upAdAna ( Material cause ) hotA aura sArI miTTiyoM kA jJAna upAdeya ( effect ) hotA hai / parantu 'eka' aura 'piNDa' zabdoM kA prayoga nirarthaka nahIM, ataH sAdRzya sambandha hI vivakSita hai / isake alAve, eka aura piNDa zabdoM meM virodha bhI ho jAyagA / eka hI mRtpiNDa sabhI mRNmaya padArthoM ( Earthen objects ) kA upAdAna kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA / miTTI mRNmaya ghaTa Adi kA upAdAna hai, miTTI kA piNDa nhiiN|

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pUrNaprajJa-darzanam 241 miTTI kA piNDa to ghaTa banAne ke samaya rUMdha diyA jAtA hai para miTTI jyoM-kI-tyoM rahato hai / naSTa hone para miTTI kA piNDa kAraNa kaise hogA ? na ca 'vAcArambhaNaM vikAro nAmadheyaM mRttiketyeva satyam' ( chA0 6 / 1 / 5) ityetatkAryasya mithyAtvamAcaSTa ityeSTavyam / vAcArambhaNaM vikAro yasya tadavikRtaM nityaM nAmadheyaM mRttiketyAdikamityetadvacanaM satyamityarthasya svIkArAt / aparathA nAmadheyamitizabdayorveyarthya prasajyeta / ato na kutrApi jagato mithyAtvasiddhiH / aisA nahIM samajheM ki nimnalikhita vAkya meM kArya ( saMsAra ) kA mithyArUpa honA kahA gayA hai-( ghaTAdi ) vikAra kevala zabdoM meM avasthita ( zAbdika ) nAmamAtra hai, vAstava meM to [ una vikAroM meM kAraNa ke rUpa meM vidyamAna ] mRttikA hI satya hai' ( chA0 6115 ) / [ zaMkA karanevAloM kA yaha kathana hai ki 'vAcArambhaNam0' vAlA vAkya 'yathA somyakena0' vAle vAkya kA pUraka hai, usakA dRSTAnta hai| ghaTa, murAhI, nikorA, kaTorA Adi bartanoM kA kAraNa ekamAtra miTTI hai, jise jAna lene para saba bartanoM kA ( miTTI me bane hue bartanoM kA ) jJAna ho jAtA hai / kAraNa kA jJAna hone para kArya kA jJAna ho hI jAyagA kyoMki kArya-kAraNa paraspara sambaddha hote haiM / ataH kAraNarUpa miTTI satya hai, usake vikAra mithyA / isa para pUrNapraja-dArzanika kahate haiM ki aimI bAta nahIM hai --imakA kAraNa Age dekheN| kAraNa yaha hai ki isakA artha hama dUsare rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| vAgindriya se uccAraNa karanA vikAra ( utpAdana ) hai [ abhivyaMjana nahIM ] / yaha vikAra jima padArtha kA hotA hai vaha ( padArtha ) avikRta (saMskRta ) hai, nitya hai, nAma hai jaise mRttikA ityAdi, yaha vAkya bilkula satya hai| yadi aisA artha nahIM rakheM no 'nAmadheya' aura 'iti' donoM zabda vyartha ho jAyeMge / isalie kahIM bhI ( kisI zrutivAkya me ) maMmAra ko mithyArUpa siddha nahIM kara sakate / [ zabda ke do svarUpa haiM-asaMskRta ( aninya ) aura (nitya ) / anitya zabdoM kA vAgindriya me kevala utpAdana hotA hai, ye upani-vinAyA hone ke kAraNa hI anitya ( Non-eternal ) kahalAte haiM / 'mRttikA' Adi nitya gabdoM kA utpAdana nahIM hotA, unakI abhivyakti ( Manifestation ) hotI hai kyoMki unpattivinAza inakA hotA hI nahIM / isa AkAra meM rahanevAlA zabdasvarUpa padArtha kA vAstavika nAma hai / yahI avikRta aura nitya bhI hai| nAmadheya saMskRta (nitya ) aura agaMskRta ( anitya ) donoM zabdoM se par3atA hai parantu yogya nAmadheya nitya zabda kA hI hai / 'vizvavidyAlaya meM satyadevajI hI avyApaka haiM, dUsare loga chAyAmAtra haiM' isa vAkya meM adhyApaka' kA artha yogya adhyApaka hai / yadyapi sabhI adhyApaka hI haiM paranna ayogyatA ke kAraNa unna aisA nahIM kahate / isalie uddAlaka zvetaketu ko kaha rahe haiM ki vAgindriya me uccAraNa 16 sa0 saM0

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242 sarvadarzanasaMgrahekaranA ( vAcArambhaNa ) vikAra (= vikRti, anitya ) hai, nAmadheya to mRttikA Adi zabda (nitya zabda-svarUpa ) hI hai, yaha vAkya jo maiMne kahA yahI ThIka hai, jhUThA nahIM / yadi zaMkA karanevAloM ke anusAra-vAcArambhaNaM vikAraH, mRttikA satyam-vikAra kevala zAbdika yA mithyA hai, satya to mRttikA hI hai)-aisA artha kareM to ukta vAkya meM 'iti' aura 'nAmadheyam' zabda vyartha ho jAyaMge / advaitavedAntiyoM ke dvArA diyA gayA artha yahA~ dekha hI cuke / hama artha karate haiM--'mRttikA ityeva nAmadheyam', yahA~ nAmadheya zabda vidheya ho jAtA hai / advaita-pakSa meM isakI koI upayogitA hI nahIM rahatI / 'iti' kA hamAre yahA~ yaha upayoga hai ki 'mRttikA' ko isI ke dvArA zabda ke rUpa meM lete haiN| mRttiketi = 'mRttikA' iti zabdaH / ] vizeSa--isa prakAra 'vAcArambhaNaM vikAra:' ko pUrvavAkya kA pUraka na mAnakara svatantra dRSTAnta mAna lete haiM / avikRta aura nitya hone ke kAraNa 'mRttikA' zabda saMskRta (pradhAna) nAma hai / asaMskRta nAmoM ke jAnane kA jo phala hai vaha saMskRta nAma ko jAnane se hI prApta ho jAtA hai / usI prakAra saMsAra ko jAnane kA phala paramAtmA ke jJAna se prApya hai| kisI rUpa meM saMsAra mithyA nahIM, vaha satya ( Real ) hI hai / (13. mithyA kA khaNDana ) kiM ca prapaJco mithyetyatra mithyAtvaM tathyamatathyaM vA / prathame satyAdvaitabhaGgaprasaGgaH / carame prapaJcasatyatvApAtaH / nanvanityatvaM nityamanityaM vA / ubhayathApyanupapattirityAkSepavadayamapi nityasamajAtibhedaH syAt / taduktaM nyAyanirmANavedhasA-'nityamanityabhAvAdanitye nityatvopapattenityasamaH' ( nyA0 sU0 5 // 1 // 35 ) iti / tAkikarakSAyAM ca 43. dharmasya tdtdruupviklpaanuppttitH| miNastadviziSTatvabhaGgo nityasamo bhavet // iti / asyAH saMjJAyA upalakSaNatvamabhipretyAbhihitaM prabodhasiddhAvanvayitvAttUparaJjakadharmasameti / tasmAdasaduttaramiti cet / 1. 'iti', zabda kI upayogitA kevala uddharaNa dene meM hI nahIM hai, pratyuta padArthoM kA viparyaya bhI yaha karatA hai / jaba kisI zabda se zabda kA hI artha nikalatA hai taba usameM iti lagA dene para arthaparaka artha ho jAtA hai / 'agnerDak' ( pA0 sU0 4 / 2 / 33 ) kahane para 'agni' zabda ( artha nahIM ) se Dhak pratyaya vihita hai| usI prakAra 'na veti vibhASA' ( 1 / 1 / 44 ) kahane para bhI 'na' aura 'vA' zabdoM kI prApti hotI hai jaba ki iti ke prayoga ke kAraNa yahA~ na = niSedha aura vA = vikalpa artha lete haiM, zabda se kAma nahIM calatA / 'gavityayamAha' meM artha kI prApti ko iti zabda hI rokatA hai aura zabda kI prApti karAtA hai|

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pUrNaprajJa-darzanam 243 isake atirikta hama yaha pUche ki 'prapaMca ( saMsAra ) mithyA hai' isa vAkya meM 'mithyA honA' vAstava meM tathya ( Fact ) hai yA nahIM ( = jhUThA hai ) ? yadi prapaJca kA mithyA honA satya mAnate haiM to satya advaita kA khaNDana hotA hai| [ vAstava meM satya eka hotA hai / advaitavAdI kevala brahma yA advaitatatva ko hI satya svIkAra karate haiM / yadi prapaMca kA mithyA honA bhI saca mAna leM to pahale satya kA bhaMga ho jAtA hai| eka sAtha hI do-do satyoM ko mAnane kA prasaGga A pdd'egaa| ] dUsarI ora yadi prapaMca kA mithyA honA jhUTha samajha leM taba paMca ko satya hI mAnanA par3egA [ jisase mAyavAda kA AdhAra hI naSTa ho jAyagA / kucha loga aisA tarka kara sakate haiM ki hamAre dvArA prastuta uparyukta dvividhA ( Dilemma ) ThIka nimnAMkita dvividhA kI taraha hI 'nityasama' nAmaka jAti ( nyAyazAstra kA eka doSa) kA udAharaNa ho jAyagA-anitya honA kyA nitya hai yA anitya ? donoM hI vikalpoM kI asiddhi hotI haiM ( aisA tarka doSapUrNa ho jAtA hai / ) [ kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki anityatva ko yadi nitya yA anitya ke rUpa meM lekara tarka dvArA donoM pakSoM kA khar3A kara diyA jAya to yaha ucita DhaMga nahIM hai, nyAyazAstra meM kahI gayI jAti nAmaka doSoM ko koTi meM yaha A jaaygaa| dUsaroM ke dvArA kiye gaye prazna kA asamIcIna ( galata) bAda denA 'jAti hai| uttara isalie galata mAnA jAtA hai ki doSa usameM nahIM dikhalA skte| gotama ne nyAyasUtra ke paMcama adhyAya ke prathama Ahnika meM isa jAti ke 24 bheda batalAye haiN| unameM eka bheda 'nityasama' bhI hai / yahA~ yahI jAti lagatI hai| yadi 'prapaMca kA mithyA honA' usI prakAra tathya yA atathya mAnakara khaNDita kara deM to nityasama jAti ho jAyagI / aba nityasama jAti ke viSaya meM kucha vicAra kara leN|] . nyAyazAstra ke nirmANa meM brahmA bAbA kI taraha pUjya [ gautama ] kahate haiM-anitya hone ke kAraNa [ anityatva ] nitya hai, kyoMki anitya meM nityatva kI siddhi hotI hai, isa prakAra kA tarka karanA nityasama kahalAtA hai ( gautamIya-nyAyasUtra, 5 / 135.) / [ abhiprAya yaha hai ki svayaM anityatva ( Non-eternity ) ko sthAyI mAna lete haiM, vaha isa AdhAra para ki anityatva bhale hI asthAyI ho, parantu anityatva ke abhAva kI avasthA meM zabda anitya nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| ] ise varadAcArya ( 1050 I0 ) ne apane tArkikarakSA nAma ke grantha meM pallavita kiyA hai-'jaba dharma kA ( jo zabdagata hai tathA anityatva ke rUpa meM hai ) tadrUpa honA (= anitya honA ) yA atadrUpa honA ( nitya honA ), ye donoM vikalpa asiddha ho jAte haiM, taba dharmI ( zabda ) kA una vikalpoM ke dvArA vibhUSita hone kI dazAoM kA khaNDana hotA hai, ise ho nityasama kahate haiN|' [ anityatva anitya hai yA , nitya ina donoM meM koI bhI siddha nahIM hotaa| ulaTe inase viruddha vAkya kI siddhi ho jAtI hai / isI saMjJA (= nityasama ) ko Adarza mAnakara prabodhasiddhi nAma ke grantha meM kahA hai ki artha ke anusAra [ prastuta prasaMga meM nityasama ke samAna hI ] uparaMjakasama nAma kI

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244 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe jAti mAnaM / ataH pUrvapakSI logoM kA yaha kahanA hai ki mithyA ke khaNDana ke lie ApakA - tarka asaMgata hai| vizeSa-mithyA kA khaNDana karane ke lie pUrNapraja yahI tarka dete haiM 'prapaJca mithyA hai' (prapaJco mithyA) isa vAkya meM mithyAtva tathya hai yA atathya / uparyukya vivecana meM donoM vikalpoM kI nissAratA dekhI jA cukI hai| aba mithyA ko mAnanevAle loga kahate haiM ki isa tarka se mithyA kA khaNDana karane para nyAyazAstra ke anusAra nityasama nAmaka jAti (-doSa ) hogaa| nityasama meM ThIka aisA hI hotA hai--'anityaH zabdaH' isa vAkya meM pUche ki yaha anityatva svayaM nitya hai yA anitya ? yadi nitya hai to dharma ( anityaH ) ke nitya rahane para dharmI ( zabda ) ko bhI nitya hI mAnanA par3egA, kyoM na ho, dharmI aura dharma to eka hI taraha ke raheMge na ? aura pratijJA ke ThIka viparIta 'nityaH zabdaH' siddha ho gyaa| dUsarI ora anityatva yadi sadA nahIM rahatA ( anitya hotA ) to anityAbhAva arthAt nitya zabda kI hI siddhi hogI ( anitya kI anityatA = nityatA ) kisI bhI dazA meM aisA tarka karanA nityasama hai, yaha doSa hai| nitya taka pahu~canA nityasama hai| prabodhasiddhi meM nityasama kI taula kA hI eka zabda uparaMjakasama diyA gayA hai, jisakA artha hai aisA uttara denA, jisameM dharma kI uparaMjakatA kA pratipAdana ho / uparaMjaka use kahate haiM, jo vikalpoM kA vicAra uThane ke pUrva taka hI acchA lage / 'prapaJco mithyA' yA 'anityaH zabdaH' Adi vAkyoM meM dharma ( mithyA anitya ) tabhI taka lubhA sakatA hai, jaba taka vikalpa nahIM Ate / vikalpoM ke Ate hI ThIka ulaTe amithyA yA nitya kI siddhi ho jAtI hai / isa prakAra pUrvapakSI pUrNapraja ke mithyAkhaNDaka narka ko asat kahate haiM / aba pUrNaprajJa isakA uttara deNge| azikSitatrAsanametat / duSTatvamalAnirUpaNAt / tad dvividhaM sAdhAraNamasAdhAraNaM ca / tatrAdyaM svavyAghAtakam / dvitIyaM trividhaM yuktAGgahInatvamayuktAGgAdhikatvamaviSayavRttittvaM ceti / tatra sAdhAraNamasambhAvitameva / uktasyAkSepasya svAtmavyApanAnulambhAt / evamasAdhAraNamapi / ghaTasya nAstitAyAM nAstitoktau astitvvtprkRte'pyupptteH| [ pUrNavana uttara dete haiM ki isa prakAra jAti ( galata uttara ) kA AkSepa lagAne se ] mUrkha loga hI Dara sakeMge (hamArA isase kucha honA nahIM hai ) / Apane doSa ke mUla kA to pratipAdana kiyA hI nhiiN| [ doSa ke bIja kA nirUpaNa binA kiye hue kisI uttara ko galana ( jAti ) nahIM kaha sakate ] / aba, doSa kA mUla do prakAra kA ho sakatA haisAdhAraNa ( General ) aura asAdhAraNa ( Particular ) / inameM jo pahalA ( sAdhAraNa

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pUrNa prajJa-darzanam 245 doSamUla ) hai vaha apane ApakA hI vinAzaka hai [ kyoMki jisake lie isakA prayoga hotA hai, usako vyApta karane ke sAtha-sAtha apane ko bhI vyApta kara letA / isalie yaha uttara AtmaghAtaka hone se ThIka nahIM / yadi koI virodhI apane abhimata kI siddhi ke lie kucha tarka upasthita karatA hai, to usake tarka kI aprAmANikatA tarka se hI siddha kI jA sakatI hai / aba yaha apramANikatA kevala virodhI ke tarka ko hI nahIM vyApta karatI, pratyuta usa tarka kI aprAmANikatA siddha karanevAle apane tarka ko bhI sameTa letI hai / ] dUsarA bheda ( asAdhAraNa ) tIna prakAra kA hai - Avazyaka ( yukta ) aMga se rahita ho sakatA hai yA koI anAvazyaka aMga usameM adhika ho sakatA hai yA aviSaya ( asaMgata sthAna ) meM usakI vRtti ( cAla, gati ) ho sakatI hai| [ isa prakAra asAdhAraNa doSamUla bhI ThIka nahIM jaMcatA / ] prastuta prasaMga meM 'sAdhAraNa' doSa kI prApti nahIM hotI, kyoMki yahA~ diye gaye AkSepa meM apane-Apako vyApta karane kI zakti nahIM 1 [ sAdhAraNa vahI hai, jo para kI taraha apane ko bhI vyApta kare / prastuta sthala meM 'prapaMcagata mithyA tathya hai yA atathya' --- isameM prapaMcagata mithyA ko hI dUSita kara sakate haiM, prapaMca kI satyatA ( jise dUSita karanA abhISTa hai ) kA isase kucha nahIM bigar3atA / ata: apane abhISTa dUSaNIya padArtha --prapaMca kI sahAyatAko vyApta na kara sakane se 'sAdhAraNa' - doSa kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI / prapaMca kI satyatA para lagAye gaye Aropa vyartha haiM / ] 'asAdhAraNa' doSa kI bhI pravRtti nahIM hogI, kyoMki yadi vAstava meM [ udAharaNArthaM ] ghaTa nahIM rahe aura hama kaheM ki ghaTa nahIM hai to yaha niSedha - kalpanA ghaTa para usI prakAra Aropita hotI hai jisa prakAra astitva kI kalpanA / ThIka isI prakAra yahA~ bhI siddhi hogI / [ asAdhAraNa doSa apane abhISTArtha ko dUSita nahIM karatA, phira bhI dUsaroM kI bAtoM ko bhI dUSita nahIM karatA, kyoMki kahIM to usameM Avazyaka aMga nahIM rahatA jaise--koI pratipakSI pahAr3a meM agni kA abhAva siddha kara cukA ho aura hama agni kI sattA siddha karate hue kaheM ki pahAr3a meM agni hai, jaise rasoIghara meM; yahA~ eka Avazyaka aMga hetu'dhUmavAn hone ke kAraNa' - chUTa gayA, jisase yaha uttara na to apane abhISTa agni kI siddhi hI kara sakatA hai aura na pratipakSI ke abhISTa 'agni ke abhAva' ko hI doSapUrNa dikhA sakatA - yaha yuktAMgarahita asAdhAraNa doSa hai / kahIM kahIM usameM anAvazyaka aMga jur3A rahatA hai, jaise-- uparyukta sthala ke uttara meM yaha kaheM ki pahAr3a meM agni hai, kyoMki vahA~ dhUma hai tathA prakAza bhI hai, vaha pArthiva bhI hai, jaisA ki rasoIghara / 'yahA~ kAza bhI hai' yaha anAvazyaka aMga adhika hai, kintu yaha apane abhISTa agni kI siddhi bhI nahIM karanA aura parAbhimata 'agni ke abhAva' ko dUSita bhI nahIM karatA / hA~, yaha adhikAMga apane uttara meM vaktA kA avizvAsa prakaTa karatA hai - isameM yogyatA nahIM / kahIM-kahIM usameM aviSaya meM vRtti hotI hai ( apane viSaya se sambandha nahIM rahatA ) / udAharaNArtha, yadi uttara meM yaha kaheM ki pahAr3a pArthiva hai, kyoMki ghaTa kI taraha gandhayukta hai, to yaha uttara apane

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246 sarvadarzanasaMgraheabhISTa ( abhyupagata ) agni se sambaddha nahIM hai aura dUsare ke abhISTa 'agni ke abhAva' se hI asambaddha hai| ataH na yaha agni kI siddhi karatA aura na agni ke abhAva ko hI dUSita kara pAtA hai| prastuta prasaMga meM 'mithyA tathya hai yA atathya' yaha uttara na to Avazyaka aMga se rahita hai, na anAvazyaka aMga se yukta aura na prapaMca kI satyatA viSaya se hI asambaddha / taba phira asAdhAraNa doSa kyoM hogA? vikalpa kI udbhAvanA karane se prapaMca ke mithyAtva ko dUSita kara dene para prapaMca kI satyatA kI siddhi ho jaaygii|] nanu prapaJcasya mithyAtvamabhyupeyate nAsattvamiti cet, tadetatso'yaM zirazchede'pi zataM na dadAti, vizatipaJcakaM tu prayacchatIti zAkaTikavRttAntamanuharet / mithyAtvAsattvayoH paryAyatvAdityalamatiprapaJcena / ____ aba yadi ve loga kaheM ki hama prapaMca kA mithyA honA siddha karate haiM, asat honA nahIM to yaha ThIka vaisA hI huA jaisA koI gAr3IvAna sira kATe jAne para bhI sau rupaye nahIM detA, kintu pA~ca bIsa ( bIsa x pA~ca = 100 ) dene ke lie turata taiyAra ho jAtA hai| mithyA aura asat donoM kA artha eka hI to hai-aba adhika bar3hAkara kyA kaheM ? vizeSa-zaMkarAcArya ke anusAra mithyA aura asat meM antara hai-jagat mithyA hai, kintu asat nahIM, kyoMki vyAvahArika dazA meM to usakI sattA hai| asat vaha hai, jo kisI bhI dazA meM na rahe, jaise vanvyAputra, zazazRMga Adi / pAramArthika dazA meM jisakI sattA na ho vaha mithyA hai, parantu madhva donoM ko eka mAnakara vyaMgya karate haiM ki mUrkha gAr3IvAna sau rupaye detA nahIM, 54 20 dene ko taiyAra ho jAtA hai-use 100 aura pAMca-bIsa meM bar3A antara mAlUma par3atA hai| mithyA aura asat ko eka mAnane para phala yaha hotA hai ki mithyAtva ko dUSita karake satA kI siddhi ho jAtI hai| ata: yaha uttara 'jAti ( Fallacious ) nahIM hai, vastutaH 'mithyAtvaM tathyamatathyaM vA' Adi tarka ke dvArA mithyA kA khaNDana sambhava hai, ( prapaMca ) saMsAra kI satyatA isI se siddha ho jaaygii| (14. brahmasUtra ke prathama sUtra kA artha ) tatra 'athAto brahmajijJAsA' (ba0 sU0 1 / 1 / 1) iti prathamasUtrasyAyamarthaH--tatrAthazabdo maGgalArtho'dhikArAnantaryArthazca svIkriyate / ataHzabdo hetvarthaH / taduktaM gAruDe 44. athAtaHzabdapUrvANi sUtrANi nikhilAnyapi / prArabhyante niyatyeva tatkimatra niyAmakam / / 45. kazcArthastu tayovidvankathamuttamatA tayoH / etadAkhyAhi me brahmanyathA jJAsyAmi ttvtH|| aba 'athAto brahmajijJAsA' brahmasUtra ke isa prathama sUtra kA yaha artha hai-isameM 'atha' ( isake bAda ) zabda maMgala kA dyotaka ( vyaMjaka ) hai aura [ brahma-jJAna ke ] adhikAra kI

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247 pUrNaprajJa-darzanam prApti ke bAda kA vAcaka hai| [ atha zabda kA artha maMgala nahIM hai, vaha kevala isase vyakta hotA hai| vAstava meM usakA vAcyArtha hai-Anantarya arthAt isake baad| para prazna uThatA hai. kisake bAda ? brahma-jJAna kA adhikAra milane ke bAda hI brahma kI jijJAsA karanI cAhie / ] 'ataH' ( isalie zabda kA artha hai prayojana / jaisA ki garur3a purANa meM kahA gayA hai-'sabhI sUtra-grantha niyama ( niyati ) se 'atha' aura 'ataH' zabdoM ke dvArA Arambha hote haiM, isakA kyA kAraNa hai ?' [ nArada brahmA se pUchate haiM ] 'he vidvan ! ina donoM kA kyA artha hai, ina donoM kI uttamatA ( zreSThatA ) kA kyA kAraNa hai ? he brahman ! Apa yaha batalAveM jisase maiM inakA rahasya jAna jAU~ / ' 46. evamukto nAradena brahmA provAca sttmH| AnantaryAdhikAre ca maGgalArthe tathaiva ca // athazabdastvataHzabdo hetvarthe smudiiritH| iti / yato nArAyaNaprasAdamantareNa na mokSo labhyate prasAdana jJAnamantareNa, ato brahmAjijJAsA kartavyeti siddhm| - nArada ke dvArA isa prakAra pUche jAne para sajjanoM meM zreSTha brahmA bole-"Anantarya, adhikAra aura maMgala ke artha meM 'atha' zabda hotA hai aura 'ataH' zabda hetu ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai / " cUMki nArAyaNa ke prasAda ke binA mokSa nahIM milatA aura jJAna ke binA yaha prasAda nahIM milatA, isalie brahma ko jAnane kI icchA karanI cAhie, yaha siddha ho gyaa| vizeSa-kisI zAstra meM cAra anubandha hote haiM-viSaya, prayojana, adhikArI aura sambandha / vedAntazAstra kA viSaya brahma hai / brahma jIva se pRthak aura sabhI guNoM se pUrNa hai, zrutivAkya 'tadvijijJAsasva tad brahma' ( te0 3 / 11 ke ) dvArA usakA pratipAdana hotA hai| usake astitva meM koI sandeha nahIM hai / sUtra meM bhI jijJAsA kA viSaya brahma ko hI banAkara 'brahmajijJAsA' pada kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai isa zAstra kA prayojana hai / mokSa kI prApti, kyoMki 'tamevaM vidvAnabhRta iha bhavati' (nR0 pU0 116) / isa zruti meM brahmajJAna se mokSalAbha kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / brahmajJAna ho jAne para jJAniyoM ko brahma ke prasAda se mokSa milatA hai| kahA bhI hai- 'yamevaiSa vRNute tena labhyaH ( kA0. 2 / 23 ) / jisa bhakta para paramAtmA prasanna hote haiM use apanAte haiM, usI bhakta ko paramAtmA mila sakate haiN| prema bar3hAne se hI kRpA hotI hai, paramAtmA prasanna hote haiM / brahmajJAna hone para prema bar3ha hI jAyagA / gItA (7 / 17 ) meM kahA hai-'priyo hi jJAninotyarthamahaM sa ca mama priyaH' / vedAnta kA yaha prayojana 'ataH' zabda ke dvArA vyakta kiyA gayA hai| viSaya aura prayojana kI sattA hone para adhikArI kI sambhAvanA kaThina nahIM / isake bAda adhikArI aura zAstra kA sambandha nizcita hI hogaa| isa prakAra cAroM anubandhoM ke siddha hone para zAstra kA Arambha karanA bilkula saMgata hai|

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ) brahmavidyA ke adhikAriyoM meM devatA uttama, RSi- gandharva madhyama tathA manuSya manda yA adhama haiN| adhikAriyoM meM ( 1 viSNubhakti, ( 2 ) adhyayana, ( 3 ) zamadamAdiyoga, ( 4 ) saMsAra kI asAratA dhyAna meM rakhate hue verAgya lenA tathA ( 5 ) viSNu ke caraNoM meM ekamAtra zaraNa lenA -- ye guNa Avazyaka haiN| prathama do guNoM kI adhikatA se adhama, tRtIya kI adhikatA se madhyama aura antima donoM kI adhikatA se uttama adhikArI hotA hai / ( 15. brahma kA lakSaNa ) jijJAsyabrahmaNo lakSaNamuktaM 'janmAdyasya yataH ' ( bra0 sU0 1 / 1 / 2 ) iti / sRSTisthityAdi yato bhavati tad brahmeti vAkyArthaH / tathA ca skAndaM vaca: 248 47. utpattisthitisaMhArA niyatirjJAnamAvRtiH / bandhamokSau ca puruSAdyamAtsa harirekarAT // yato vA imAnItyAdizrutibhyazca / jisa brahma kI jijJAsA kI jAtI hai usakA lakSaNa batalAyA gayA hai - 'isa ( saMsAra ) ke janma Adi jisase huA karate haiM' ( bra0 sU0 1 / 1 / 2 ) vAkya kA artha yaha hai ki sRSTi, sthiti Adi jisase hoM vahI brahma hai / skandapurANa kI ukti bhI hai-- 'jisa puruSa se utpatti, sthiti, saMhAra, niyantraNa, jJAna, ajJAna ( AvRti ), bandha tathA mokSa utpanna hote haiM, ve hI ekamAtra samrAT hari haiM / ' yahI nahIM, zruti kA pramANa bhI hai - 'jisase sabhI jIva " ( 0 3|1|1 ) | vizeSa - zaMkara janmAdi kA artha kevala sRSTi, pAlana aura saMhAra lete haiM / dekheM"janmasthitibhaGgaM samAsArthaH zrutinirdezastAvat 'yato vA imAni bhUtAni jAyante' iti, asminvAkye janmasthitipralayAnAM kramadarzanAt / anyeSAmapi bhAvavikArANAM triSvevAntarbhAvaH iti janmasthininAzAnAmiha grahaNam / " ( zArIrakabhASya, 1 / 1 / 2 ) / dvaitavedAntI khIMcakhAca karake ATha utpanna padArtha lete haiM / yoM to aura bhI sambhava haiM jo zruti isakA AdhAra hai vaha yaha hai--'yato vA imAni bhUtAni jAyante yena jAtAni jIvanti, yatpratyabhisaMvizanti' ( tai0 3|1|1 ) / tAtparya yaha hai ki usI brahma se sAre padArtha janma lete haiM, janma lene para jIte haiM, usI meM lIna hokara praveza kara jAte haiM / spaSTataH tIna hI vikAroM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / para madhvapakSI 'ya Adityamantaro yamayati' ( bR0 3 / 7 / 9 ) ityAdi zrutiyoM se dvArA niyamana Adi bhAvoM kA saMgraha karate haiM / , ( 16. brahma ke viSaya meM pramANa ) tatra pramANamapyuktaM 'zAstrayonitvAt' ( bra0 sU0 1|1|3 ) iti / 'nAvedavinmanute taM bRhantam' ( tai0 brA0 3 / 12 / 9 / 7 ) 'taM tvaupaniSadam' ( bR0 3 / 9 / 26 ) ityAdizrutibhyastasyAnumAnikatvaM nirAkriyate / na cAnumAnasya svAtantryeNa pramANyamasti / taduktaM kaumeM

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249 pUrNapraza-darzanam 48. zrutisAhAyyarahitamanumAnaM na kutracit / ___ nizcayAtsAdhayedartha pramANAntarameva ca // 49. zrutismRtisahAyaM yatpramANAntaramuttamam / pramANapadavIM gacchennAtra kAryA vicAraNA // iti / usa ( brahma ) ke viSaya meM pramANa bhI kahA gayA hai-'zAstroM meM isakA srota hai ( zAstroM se vaha brahma jJeya hai ) ( bra0 sU0 111 / 3)' / 'usa mahAn puruSa ko veda nahIM jAnanevAlA vyakti nahIM jAna pAtA ( te0 brA0 3 / 12 / 9 / 7 ), 'upaniSadoM meM varNita usa puruSa ko (bR0 3 / 9 / 26)' Adi zrutiyoM se isa bAta kA khaNDana hotA hai ki vaha anumAna ke dvArA jJeya hai / [ azAstrajJa vyakti ke dvArA brahma kA ajJeya honA, upaniSadoM ke dvArA usakA jJAna Adi bAteM spaSTa rUpa se ghoSita karatI haiM ki brahma ekamAtra zAstroM ke dvArA hI samadhigamya ( jAnane yogya ) hai, anumAna dvArA isakA jJAna nahIM hotaa|] manumAna svatantra rUpa se pramANa hai bhI nhiiN| karma-purANa meM to kahA hI gayA haizruti ( zabda-pramANa ) kI sahAyatA se rahita hokara anumAna yA koI bhI dUsarA pramANa (pratyakSAdi ) nizcita rUpa se | adRSTa viSaya kI ] kisI vastu kI siddha nahIM kara sakatA ( pramANika nahIM ho sakatA ) zruti-smRti kI sahAyatA milane para hI koI dUsarA prAmANa ( pratyakSAdi ) acchA ho sakatA hai aura pramANa kI koTi meM jA sakatA hai, isameM vicAra ( sandeha ) nahIM karanA caahie| zAstrasvarUpamuktaM skAnde50. RgyajuHsAmAtharvA ca bhArataM pAzcarAtrakam / mUlarAmAyaNaM caiva zAstramityabhidhIyate // 51. yaccAnukUlametasya tacca zAstraM prakIrtitam / ato'nyo granthavistAro naiva zAstraM kuvama tat // iti / / zAstra kA svarUpa skandapurANa meM kahA gayA hai--Rgveda, yajurveda, sAmaveda aura atharvaveda, mahAbhArata, paMcarAtra aura mUlarAmAyaNa ( vAlmIki rAmAyaNa kA prathama adhyAya )ye hI grantha zAstra kahalAte haiM, jo grantha inake siddhAntoM ke anukUla haiM, ve bhI zAstra hI haiM / inake atirikta jo bhI granthoM kA samUha hai, vaha zAstra nahIM hai / una para calanA kumArga para calanA hai / [ apane zAstroM kA ullekha isa prakAra huaa|] tadanena, 'ananyalabhyaH zAstrArthaH' iti nyAyena bhedasya prAptatvena tatra na tAtparya kintu advaita eva vedavAkyAnAM tAtparyam-ityadvaitavAdinAM pratyAzA prtikssiptaa| anumAnAdIzvarasya siddhayabhAvena tadbhedasyApi tataH siddhayabhAvAt / tasmAnna bhedAnuvAdakatvamiti ttprtvmvgmyte| ata evoktam

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250 52. sadAgamaikavijJeyaM sarvadarzanasaMgrahe samatItakSarAkSaram / nArAyaNaM sadA vande nirdoSAzeSasadguNam / / - ( vi0 ta0 1 ) iti / advaitavAdiyoM kA yaha kahanA hai ki 'zAstra kA artha ( prayojana, AvazyakatA ) vahIM hai jahA~ dUsare pramANoM ke dvArA usakI siddhi nahIM hotI ho' isa nyAya ( niyama ) se kevala advaita meM hI zAstroM kA tAtparya ( artha ) hai, bheda ( dvaita ) to pratyakSataH upalabdha hotA hai| isalie usameM zAstra kA tAtparya nahIM ho sakatA / unakI isa dhAraNA kA khaNDana uparyukta vidhi se kara diyA gayA / [ advaita kI siddhi pratyakSAdi se nahIM hotI, zAstra yadi hai to advaita ke lie- -yaha advaitiyoM kI dhAraNA hai / ] anumAna se Izvara kI siddhi nahIM hotI, phira usake bheda kI bhI to siddhi usase nahIM hI ho sakegI / isalie ina zrutivAkyoM meM bheda kA anuvAda ( vyAkhyA ) nahIM kiyA gayA hai, pratyuta ye zAstra hI bhedaparaka haiM / [ 'ananyalabhyaH zAstrArthaH ' ke nyAya se hI yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki bheda kI siddha kisI dUsare pramANa se nahIM hotI, isalie zAstra kA tAtparya hI bheda-pratipAdana meM hai| anumAna ke dvArA bheda kI siddhi nahIM hotI / basa, itanA hI paryApta hai / zAstra kA tAtparya hI usI meM hai / ] isalie kahA gayA hai ---- 'jo kevala zreSTha AgamoM ( zAstroM ) se jAne jAte haiM, jo kSara ( prakRti ) aura akSara ( jIva ) ko acchI taraha pAra kara cuke haiM, jo sarvathA nirdoSa haiM evaM sabhI sadguNoM (jaise pUrNAnanda Adi ) se yukta haiM vaise nArAyaNa kI maiM sadA vandanA karatA hU~ ] ' ( viSNutattvavinirNaya, maGgalazloka ) / ( 17. zAstroM kA samanvaya ) zAstrasya tatra prAmANyamupapAditaM ' tattu samanvayAt' (bra0 sU0 1 / 14 ) iti / samanvaya upakramAdiliGgam / uktaM ca bRhatsaMhitAyAm -- 53. upakramopasaMhArAvabhyAso'pUrvatA phalam / arthavAdopapattI ca liGga tAtparyanirNaye // iti / brahma ke viSaya meM zAstra kI prAmANikatA bhI siddha kI gaI hai - ' kintu usakI [ prAmANikatA to ] samanvaya karane ke bAda hI siddha hotI hai' (bra0 sU0 1 / 1 / 4 ) [ zAstra kI prAmANikatA tabhI sambhava hai jaba viSNu ke artha meM hI una zAstroM yA zrutiyoM kA samanvaya kiyA jAya / samanvaya kA artha hai samyak ( ThIka ) prakAra se sambandha yA anvaya dikhalAnA / ] upakrama ( Arambha ) Adi cihnoM ke dvArA samanvayaM ( zAstra ke artha kA nirNaya ) hotA hai / bRhatsaMhitA meM kahA gayA hai - ' upakrama, upasaMhAra, abhyAsa, apUrvatA, phala, arthavAda aura upapatti- ye saba zAstra kA tAtparya nirNaya karane ke samaya liGga ( cihna Mark ) ke rUpa meM rahate haiM / '

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251 pUrNaprajJa-darzanam vizeSa-zruti ke artha kA saMzaya hone para upakrama Adi liMgoM ke dvArA usakA nirNaya hotA hai, kama se kama tAtparya to samajhA jA sakatA hai, bhale hI vyAkhyA na ho sake / pratipAdya viSaya kA Arambha karanA upakrama ( Commencement ) hai| Arambha ko dekhakara bIca ke vAkyoM kA artha apane Apa khula ho jAtA hai| jaba isake bAda bhI saMzaya raha jAya to upasaMhAra ( Conclusion ) kA sahArA leN| vistArapUrvaka nirUpita bAtoM kA sArAMza karanA upasaMhAra hai, jisase arthanirNaya meM sahAyatA milatI hai| phira bhI yadi sandeha rahe to eka hI bAta ko eka prakAra se kahe jAnevAle sthaloM arthAt abhyAsa ( Reiteration ) kA Azraya leN| isake bAda apUrvatA ( Novelty ) kA Agraha hai jisameM kisI dUsare pramANa se asiddha naI bAta ko dRr3hatApUrvaka kahA jAtA hai| saMbhava hai ki naI bAta ke pratipAdana meM hI zruti kA artha chipA ho| prayojana se yukta honA phala ( Result ) hai / isakI AvazyakatA apUrvatA ke bAda par3atI hai| apUrvatA meM mukhya kA pratipAdana hotA hai jaba ki phala meM mukhya vastu ke uddezya kA varNana hotA hai / phala ke bAda bhI sandeha hone para arthavAda ( Eulogy ) kA Azraya lete haiM jisameM stuti yA nindA kA bar3hA-car3hA kara varNana hotA hai| anta meM upapatti yA yukti ( Demonstration ) hI sahAyaka hotI hai jisase artha kA nirNaya hotA hai / ina liGgoM meM pUrvapara ke krama se prabalatA bar3hatI jAtI hai| kahA hai-upakramAdiliGgAnAM balIyo hyuttarottaram / mImAMsA-darzana meM ina liGgoM kA bar3A mahattva hai, kyoMki zruti meM kahe gaye vidhivAkyoM kA artha-nirNaya karanA unakA prathama kartavya hai| vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie laugAkSibhAskara kA arthasaMgraha yA Apadeva kA mImAMsA-nyAyaprakAza dekhanA cAhie / (18. pUrNaprajJa-darzana kA upasaMhAra ) evaM vedAntatAtparyavazAt tadeva brahma zAstragamyamityuktaM bhavati / diGamAtramatra prAdazi / ziSTamAnandatIrthabhASyavyAkhyAnAdau draSTavyam / granthabahutvabhiyoparamyata iti| isa prakAra vedAntoM ( upaniSadoM ) kA tAtparya jAnakara vahI brahma zAstra ke dvArA bodhanIya hai-yahI kahane kA abhiprAya hai| hamane yahA~ kevala dizA kA nirdeza kiyA, bAkI bAteM AnandatIrtha ke [ brahmasUtra ]--bhASya ke vyAkhyAna Adi meM dekhanI caahie| grantha bar3ha jAne ke bhaya se aba hama rukate haiM / vizeSa-AnandatIrtha yA pUrNaprajJa ( samaya 1120-1199 I0 ) ne brahmasUtra para bhASya likhA thA / jisase dvaitavAda kA prarvatana huaa| isa bhASya para jayatIrtha ( 11931268 ), zrInivAsatIrtha ( 1300 ), vidyAdhIza Adi ne TIkAeM kI haiN| etacca rahasyaM pUrNaprajJena madhyamandireNa vAyostRtIyAvatArammanyena niruupitm|

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe 54. prathamastu hanUmAnsyAd dvitIyo bhIma eva ca / pUrNaprajJastRtIyazca bhagavatkArya sAdhakaH || etadevAbhipretya tatra tatra granthasamAptAvidaM padyaM likhyate55. yasya trINyuditA nivedavacane divyAni rUpANyalaM baT taddarzatamitthameva nihitaM devasya bhargo mahat / vAyo rAmavaconayaM prathamakaM pRkSo dvitIyaM vapumadhvo yattu tRtIyametadamunA granthaH kRtaH kezave // ( ma0 bhA0 tA0 32 / 181 ) / pUrNaprajJa jo apane ko vAyu kA tIsarA avatAra mAnate haiM tathA jinakA nAma mavyamandira bhI hai, unhoMne ina sabhI rahasyoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / [ vAyu ke tInoM avatAra ye haiM - ] 'pahale hanumAna haiM, dUsare bhIma aura tIsare pUrNaprajJa- ye saba bhagavat ke kAryoM ke sAdhaka haiM / ' isI ko lakSya meM rakhakara jahA~-tahA~ ( jaise -- brahmasUtrabhASya, viSNutattvavinirNaya, mahAbhAratatAtparyanirNaya Adi granthoM meM ) grantha kI samApti hone para unhoMne yaha padya likhA hai - ' ( 55 ) veda ke vAkyoM meM jisake tIna rUpa paryApta rUpa se milate haiM ( kahe gaye haiM ( 'baDitthA' aura 'taddarzatam ' ( R0 1|141|1 ) Adi zrutiyoM meM isa rUpa meM hI ( baT = balAtmaka, darzatam = jJAnapUrNa ) jisa vAyu-deva ke bharga ( bharaNa aura gamana ) rUpI guNa aura mahata nAmaka tattva mAne gaye haiM, usa vAyu kA pahalA zarIra vaha hai jo rAma ke sandeza ko [ sItA ke pAsa ] pahuMcAnevAlA hai ( = hanumAna kA avatAra ), dUsarA zarIra pRkSa ( senAnAzaka, pR = pRtanA = senA, kSa = V kSi = nAza karanA, kaurava senya kA vinAza karanevAlA ) bhIma kA hai aura tIsarA zarIra madhva kA hai jinake dvArA kezava ke lie yaha grantha likhA gayA / ' ( mahAbhAratatAtparyanirNaya 32 181 ) / vizeSa - hanumAna kA ullekha 'rAmavaconayam' ke dvArA huA hai| isake tIna artha ho sakate haiM / rAma ke vacanoM arthAt saMvAda ko sItA taka pahu~cAnevAlA; rAma ke viSaya kI bAteM jaise mUlarAmAyaNa, use ziSyoM taka pahu~cAnevAlA; rAma kI vANI dvArA jo naya ( AjJA ) mile usako pAlanevAlA | 'madhva' zabda meM madhu aura va haiM / madhu kA Ananda artha hai aura va kA tIrtha, jisakA tIrtha ( zAstra ) Anandakara ho / AnandatIrtha nAma par3ane kA bhI yahI rahasya hai / kula milAkara cAra zabdoM se inakA bodha hotA hai- madhvAcArya, AnandatIrtha, pUrNaprajJa aura mavyamandira / madhva ke viSaya meM kahA hai 1 madhvityAnanda uddiSTo veti tIrthamudAhRtam / 252 madhva AnandatIrthaH syAttRtIyA mArutI tanuH // balitthA Adi mantra kA artha Age dekheM / -- etatpadyArthastu 'baLitthA tadvapuSe dhAyi darzataM devasya bhargaH sahaso yato'jani' ( R0 1141 / 1 ) ityAdizrutiparyAlocanayA'vagamyata iti /

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pUrNaprajJa-varzanam 253 tasmAtsarvasya zAstrasya viSNutattvaM sarvottamamityatra tAtparyamiti sarvaM niravadyam / iti zrImatsAyaNa mAdhavIye sarvadarzanasaMgrahe pUrNaprajJadarzanam / 6TED AtA hai - 'deva ( vAyu ) isa padya kA artha nimna zrutiyoM kA samyak manana karane se kA vaha darzanIya teja ( bhargaH ) zArIrika vyavahAra ke lie evaM balaprApti ke lie ( baT ) isa prakAra se ( itthA itthaM ) dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki vaha bala se ( sahasaH ) hI utpanna huA hai / ' R0 1 / 141 / 1 ) / isalie sabhI zAstroM kA tAtparya yahI hai ki viSNutattva hI sabase acchA hai / isa prakAra saba kucha ThIka (nirdoSa ) hai | = isa prakAra zrImAn sAyaNa mAdhava ke sarvadarzanasaMgraha meM pUrNaprajJa darzana samApta huA / iti bAlakavinomAzaGkareNa racitAyAM sarvadarzanasaMgrahasya prakAzAkhyAyAM vyAkhyAyAM pUrNaprajJadarzanamavasitam // 100

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6 nakulIza - pAzupata - darzanam kAryaM kalAdi kila kAraNamIzvaro'sau yogastayovidhirathApi japAdirUpaH / duHkhAnta ityavihataM vihitaM prapaJcaM vande tamAdizati pAzupataM mataM yaH // RSiH / ( 1. vaiSNava- darzanoM meM doSa ) tadetadveSNavamataM dAsatvAdipadavedanIyaM paratantratvaM duHkhAvahatvAnna duHkhAntAdIpsitAspadam ityarocayamAnAH, pAramaizvaryaM kAmayamAnAH, 'parAbhimatA muktA na bhavanti, paratantratvAt, pAramaizvarya rahitatvAt, asmadAdivat', 'muktAtmAnazca paramezvaraguNa sambandhinaH, puruSatve sati samastaduHkhabIjavidhuratvAtparamezvaravat' - ityAdyanumAnaM pramANaM pratipadyamAnAH, kecana mAhezvarAH paramapuruSArthasAdhanaM pazcArthaprapaJzvanaparaM pAzupatazAstramAzrayante / vaiSNavoM kA yaha mata to paratantratA kA hI dUsarA nAma hai jisakA bodha dAsatvAdi zabdoM ke dvArA hotA hai, [ kisI kA dAsa honA ] sacamuca bahuta duHkhakara hai, isameM duHkha kA anta nahIM hotA isalie yaha kabhI bhI abhISTa nahIM ho sakatA [ kyoMki jaba paratantratA raha hI gaI, viSNu ke dAsa hI bane raha gaye, taba mukti kisa kAma kI ? ] - isa prakAra mAhezvara - sampradAya ke kucha dArzanikoM ko yaha mata acchA nahIM lagatA / ve loga [ mukta hone para sAkSAt ] paramezvara hI bana jAne kI kAmanA karate haiM / ve nimnokta prakAra se diye gaye anumAna ko pramANa mAnate haiM ( 1 ) ina pratipakSiyoM ke dvArA varNita mukta puruSa vAstava meM mukta nahIM haiM ( pratijJA ), kyoMki mukta hone para bhI ye paratantra haiM yA inameM paramezvaratA ( antima aizvarya ) kA abhAva hai ( hetu ), jaise hamalogoM ke samAna baddhajIva hote haiM ( udAharaNa ) / (2) mukta AtmAeM ve hI haiM jinameM paramezvara kI kyoMki puruSatva hone para bhI ye sAre duHkhoM ke kAraNoM se sAkSAt paramezvara hote haiM ( udAharaNa ) / ye mAhezvara-sampradAyavAle parama puruSArtha kA kA sAdhana pAzupata zAstra ko hI mAnate haiM jisameM pA~ca padArthoM kA vistAra kiyA jAtA hai / taraha hI guNa hoM ( pratijJA ), rahita haiM ( hetu ), jisa prakAra

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nakulIza-pAzupata-darzanam 255 vizeSa-vaiSNava-darzana meM mukta puruSa ko Izvara kA dAsa kA rUpa dete haiM / mukta hone para bhI dAsatA hI raha gaI to mukti kA artha hI kyA rahA ? mukti to vaha hai jo sarvocca pada para pahuMcA de| isalie mAhezvara-darzana meM mukta ko sAkSAt Izvara hI mAnA jAtA hai| ____ mAhezvara-sampradAya meM bahuta se avAntara bheda haiM / dhArmika dRSTi se inake cAra bheda haiM--pAzupata, zaiva, kAlAmukha aura kApAlika, jinake mUlagrantha zaivAgama kahalAte haiN| yaha Agama vaidika aura avaidika donoM haiN| mAhezvara-sampradAya meM dArzanika dRSTikoNa se bhI cAra bheda haiM-pAzupatadarzana (jisakA pracAra gujarAta aura rAjapUtAnA meM thA ), zaivadarzana ( tamila deza meM ), vIrazaivadarzana ( karnATaka ) tathA pratyabhijJAdarzana yA trika yA spanda ( kazmIra ) / pAzupata-darzana ke saMsthApaka nakulIza ( yA lakulIza ) the| zivapurANa meM 'kAravaNa-mahAtmya' se patA calatA hai ki bhRgukaccha ke pAsa kArabana nAmaka sthAna meM inakA janma huA thaa| nakulIza kI mUrtiyA~ rAjapUtAnA aura gujarAta meM bahuta milatI haiM / ina mUrtiyoM meM sira keza se DhaMkA rahatA hai, dAhine hAtha meM bIjapUra kA phala tathA bAeM meM lagur3a ( lAThI ) rahatA hai| lagur3a dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa hI inheM laguDeza>lakulIza >nakulIza kahate haiM bhagavAna zaMkara ke 18 avatAroM meM lakulIza prathama haiM / aitihAsika dRSTi se inakA samaya vikrama saMvat ke Arambha hone ke samaya kA hai| pAzupatoM aura nyAyavaizeSika meM ghanA sambandha hai / guNaratna ne to naiyAyikoM ko zaiva tathA vaizeSikoM ko pAzupata kahA bhI hai / bhAradvAja udyotakara ( nyAyavArtika ke racayitA ) apane ko 'pAzupatAcArya' kahate haiN| pAzupatoM kA mUla sUtragrantha 'mAhezvararacita pAzupatasatra' anantazayana granthamAlA meM kauNDinyaracita 'paJcArtha bhA-ya' ke sAtha prakAzita huA hai jise rAzIkarabhASya yA kauNDinyabhASya bhI kahate haiN| pAzupata-darzana kI mUla bhitti pA~ca padArthoM-kArya, kAraNa, yoga, vidhi aura duHkhAnta-ke vivecana para AdhArita hai| isakA vivaraNa hameM Age prApta hogaa| zaivadarzana ke sAMgopAMga vivecana ke lie dekheM--DA0 yaduvaMzI kA prabandha-grantha 'zaivamata' (bi0 rASTra0 pari0 paTanA se prakAzita ) / _ 'pAzupata' zabda pazupati ( = ziva ) se banA hai| pazu sabhI prANiyoM ko kahate haiN| liGgapurANa meM kahA hai brahmAdyAH sthAvarAntAzca devadevasya zUlinaH / pazavaH parikIya'nte samastAH pazuvartinaH // jisa prakAra hamAre lie gAya, bhaiMsa Adi pazu haiM usI prakAra mahezvara ke lie sAre prANimAtra pazu haiM kyoMki saboM meM jJAna kA abhAva hai, pazu kI taraha AcaraNa hai| ina pazuoM ke pati mahAdeva haiM, ataH ve pazupati kahalAte haiN| jIvoM kI paravazatA para zeksapIyara kA kahanA hai

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256 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe Like flies to the wanton lads, we are all to the gods, They kill us for their sport. ___'caMcala bAlakoM ke lie makkhiyoM kA jo mahattva hai vahI devatAoM ke lie hamArA hai| ve khela-khela meM hameM mAra DAlate haiM / ' kintu ziva kA kalyANakArI rUpa bhI hai| (2. pAzupata-sUtra ko vyAkhyA-guru kA svarUpa ) tatredamAdisUtram - 'athAtaH pazupateH pAzupatayogavidhi vyAkhyAsyAma' iti| asyArthaH-atrAthazabdaH puurvprkRtaapekssH| pUrvaprakRtazca guruM prati ziSyasya praznaH / gurusvarUpaM gaNakArikAyAM nirUpitam 1. paJcakAstvaSTa vijJeyA gaNazcaikastrikAtmakaH / vettA navagaNasyAsya saMskartA gururucyate / / 2. lAbhA malA upAyAzca dezAvasthAvizuddhayaH / dIkSAkAribalAnyaSTau paJcakAstrINi vRttayaH / / 'tisro vRttayaH' iti prayoktavye 'trINi vRttayaH' iti cchAndasaH prayogaH / usa ( pAzupata-zAstra) kA yaha pahalA sUtra hai-'aba isalie pazupati ke pAzupatazAstra ke yoga aura vidhi kI vyAkhyA kreNge|' isakA artha isa prakAra hai---yahA~ 'atha' zabda pahale ke kucha prasaMga kA dyotaka hai / pahale kA kucha prasaMga yahI hai ki guru ke prati ziSya kA prazna ho cukA hai| [ prazna yahI hai ki trividha duHkhoM kA sarvathA vinAza kaise ho? vaha duHkhAna ke viSaya kA prazna hai / ] guru kA svarUpa gaNakArikA meM nizcita kiyA gayA hai-'ATha paMcaka ( pAMca-pAMca avAntara bhedoM se yukta gaNa ) jAnane yogya haiM aura eka gaNa tIna avAntara bhedoM kA hai| ina nava gaNoM kA jJAtA aura jo saMskAra karanevAlA ho vaha guru kahalAtA hai // 1 // lAbha, mala, upAya, deza, avasthA, vizUddhi, dIkSAkArI aura bala ye ATha paMcaka (pratyeka ke pA~ca bheda ) haiM / vRniyAM ( kArya ) nIna haiM // 2 // mUlazloka meM 'tisro vRttayaH' ( donoM strIliGgazabda ) kA prayoga karanA cAhie kinnu 'trINi ( napuM0 ) vRttayaH (strI0 ) prayoga hai / yaha vaidika vyatyaya kA udAharaNa hai| [ 'vyanyayobahulam' ( pA0 mU0 3 / 1 / 85) meM liGga kA vyatyaya / vizeSa-nava gaNoM kA jJAtA guru hai| ina gaNoM meM prayoga meM prathama ATha paMcaka ( Pentads ) haiM arthAt inameM pratyeka ke pA~ca-pA~ca avAnara bheda haiN| naveM gaNa ko trika kahate haiM kyoMki isake tIna hI bheda haiM / inakI gaNanA kareM (1) lAbha ( Acquisition )--jJAna, tapas, nityatva, sthiti, zuddhi / ( 2 ) mala ( Impurity ).-mithyAjJAna, adharma, Asaktihetu, cyuti, pazutvamUla / ( 3 ) upAya ( Expedient )-vAsacaryA, japa, dhyAna, rudrasmRti, prapatti / ( 4 ) deza ( Locality )-guru, jana, guhAdeza, zmazAna, rudra /

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257 nakulIza-pAzupata-darzanam ( 5 ) avasthA ( Perseverence )--vyaktA, avyaktA, jayA, dAna, niSThA / ( 6 ) vizuddhi ( Purification )--pratyeka mala kI hAni, jaise mithyAjJAnahAni adharmahAni aadi| (7) dIkSAkArin ( Initiation )-dravya, kAla, kriyA, mUrti, guru / (8) bala ( Power )-gurubhakti, buddhiprasAda, dvandvajaya, dharma, apramAda / (9) vRtti ( Functions )-jIvikopAya-bhikSA, utsRSTagrahaNa, yathAlabdhagrahaNa / ina gaNoM kA saMkSipta varNana Age prastuta kiyA jaaygaa| tatra vidhIyamAnamupAyaphalaM laabhH| jJAnataponityatvasthitizuddhibhedAtpaJcavidhaH / tadAha haradattAcArya : 'jJAnaM tapo'tha nityatvaM sthitiH zuddhizca paJcamam / ' AtmAzrito duSTabhAvo mlH| sa mithyAjJAnAdibhedAtpaJcavidhaH tadapyAha 3. mithyAjJAnamadharmazca sktihetushcyutistthaa| .. pazutvamUlaM paJcaite tantra heyA viviktitaH // (gaNakArikA,8) iti / (1) upAya ke phaloM ko prApta karane kA nAma lAbha hai| jJAna, tapas, nityatva, sthiti aura zuddhi ke bheda se pAMca prakAra kA hai, jaisA ki haradattAcArya kahate haiM-'jJAna, tapasyA, nityatA, sthiti (dhairya ) aura pAMcavAM zuiddhi ( svacchatA, pavitratA )-ye * lAbha haiN|' (2) AtmA ke avasthita duSTa bhAvoM ( Conditions ) ko mala kahate haiM / mithyAjJAna Adi ke bheda se vaha pAMca prakAra kA hai| yaha bhI kahA hai-'mithyAjJAnaM, adharma ( Demerit ), Asaktihetu ( Causes of Attachment ), cyuti ( sadAcAra se bhraSTa honA ) aura pazutvamUla ( jIva prApta karane ke anAdi saMskAra ), ina pAMca maloM ko tantra meM (isa zAstra meM ) viveka dvArA tyAganA caahie|' sAdhakasya zuddhiheturupAyo vaascryaadibhedaatpnycvidhH| tadapyAha 4. vAsacaryA japo dhyAnaM sadA rudrasmRtistathA / prapattizceti lAbhAnAmupAyAH paJca nizcitAH // iti / yenArthAnusandhAnapUrvakaM jJAnatapovRddhI prApnoti sa dezo gurujanAdiH / 5. gururjano guhAdezaH zmazAnaM rudra eva ca / iti / (3) sAdhaka kI zuddhi ke kAraNoM ko upAya kahate haiM jisake vAsacaryA Adi pAMca bheda haiM / ise bhI kahA hai-vAsacaryA ( acchI taraha nivAsa karane ke niyama ), japa, dhyAna, 1. heyAdhikArataH-iti kvanitpAThaH / 17 sa0 saM0 yadAha

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258 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe rudra kA sadA smaraNa karanA aura prapatti ( zaraNAgati )-ye lAbhoM ke upAya nizcita kiye gaye haiN| [ vAsacaryA Adi pA~ca prakAra kI zuddhi karake sAdhaka pAMca lAbhoM ko prApta karatA hai| upAya = lAbha ke upAya, lAbha = upAya ke phaloM kI prApti ( 4 ) jinake pAsa rahakara arthoM ( = kArya, kAraNa, yoga, vidhi aura duHkhAnta ) kA anusandhAna karate hue [ sAdhaka ] jJAna aura tapasyA kI vRddhi prApta karatA hai vaha deza hai jaise guru, jana Adi / use kahA hai-guru, jana ( jJAniyoM kI sabhA ), guhA-deza ( guphA, ekAnta sthAna ), zmazAna tathA rudra / [ inake pAsa rahakara sAdhaka jJAna kI vRddhi karatA hai ( guru aura jana ke sAtha ), tathA tapasyA kI bhI vRddhi karatA hai ( avaziSTa tInoM ke sAtha )] / AlAbhaprApterekamaryAdAvasthitasya yadavasthAnaM sA'vasthA vyktaadivishessnnvishissttaa| taduktam vyaktA'vyaktA jayA dAnaM niSThA caiva hi paJcamam / iti / mithmAjJAnAdInAmatyantavyapoho vishuddhiH| sA pratiyogibhedAtpaJcavidhA / taduktam 6. ajJAnasyApyadharmasya hAniH saGgakarasya ca / cyuterhAniH pazutvasya zuddhiH paJcavidhA smRtA // iti / (5) lAbha kI prApti paryanta jaba sAdhaka eka hI prakAra se avasthita rahatA hai taba usakI yahI avasthiti avasthA kahalAtI hai, jisameM vyakta Adi vizeSaNa lagAte haiM [ tathA pA~ca prakAra kI hotI hai ] / yaha kahA hai-vyaktAvasthA ( jaba kisI sAdhaka ke upAya, anuSThAna Adi prakAzita hoM, logoM kI stuti-nindA kI cintA na rahe ), avyaktAvasthA ( jaba sAdhaka saba gupta rUpa se kare ), jayAvasthA ( mana aura indriyoM kI vijaya karake avasthita rahanA ), dAnAvasthA ( saba kucha tyAga denA ) aura niSThAvasthA ( mahezvara meM sadA avicchinna bhakti rakhanA), yaha pAMcavIM hai| (6) mithyAjJAna Adi kA bilakula ( sarvathA ) vinAza ho jAnA vizuddhi hai / pratiyogiyoM ( jinakA vinAza hotA hai, Partner, Competitor ) ke pA~ca bheda hone ke kAraNa yaha bhI pA~ca prakAra kI hai| [ mala pA~ca prakAra ke haiM, unameM pratyeka kA vinAza karanA abhISTa hai, isalie isa vizuddhi ke pA~ca bheda haiM / ] kahA hai-ajJAnahAni, adharmahAni, Asaktihetu ko hAni, cyutihAni aura pazutvahAni-zuddhi pA~ca prakAra kI mAnI gayI hai| dIkSAkAripaJcakaM coktam 7. dravyaM kAlaH kriyA mUrtirguruzcaiva hi paJcamaH / iti / balapaJcakaM ca-- 8. gurubhaktiH prasAdazca mterdvndvjystthaa| dharmazcavApramAdazca balaM paJcavidhaM smRtam // iti /

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nakuloza-pAzupata-darzanam paJcamala-laghukaraNArthamAgamAvirodhino'nnArjanopAyA vRttayo bhakSyotsRSTayathAlabdhAbhidhA iti / zeSamazeSamAkara evAvagantavyam / (7) pA~ca dIkSAkAriyoM ( dIkSA ke tatvoM Aspects or initiation ) kA kathana huA hai--dravya ( dIkSA ke samaya upayogI vastue~), kAla ( zubha muhUrta, dokSA ke yogya samaya ), kriyA ( gurusevanAdi, dIkSA ko vidhiyA~ ), mUrti ( devapratimA) aura guru, yaha pAMcavAM hai| (8) pA~ca bala haiM--gurubhakti, buddhi kI nirmalatA, sukha-duHkhAdi dvandvo para vijaya, dharma aura apramAda ( sAvadhAna rahanA ), isa taraha bala pA~ca prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai / (9) pA~ca maloM ko kSINa ( kama ) karane ke lie, AgamoM ( zAtroM ) ke viruddha nahIM jAnevAle ( zAstrAnukUla karma karanevAle ) puruSoM ke annArjana ( jIvikAnirvAha ) ke upAyoM ko vRtti kahate haiM / [ pA~ca maloM kA vinAza vAsacaryA Adi upAyoM se hotA hai| kintu kisI bhI vastu kA turata vinAza kara denA sambhava nahIM hai, ataH pahale inheM kama karate haiM / isI meM vRttiyA~ kAma detI haiM jo tIna haiM-] bhikSA meM mile hue anna para nirvAha karanA, loga jise chor3a deM use grahaNa karanA ( utsRSTa ) tathA jo mila jAya use hI lenA / ( yahA~ dhyeya hai ki ina sabhI padArthoM kA grahaNa karate samaya zAstra ke virodha para bhI dhyAna diyA jAtA hai, nahIM to kITAdi dUSita anna yA nIcAdi vyaktiyoM se milA anna bhI grAhya hI hogA / zAstra isa prakAra ke anna kA virodha karate haiM, ataH inheM lenA vRtti nahIM hai / avaziSTa sArI bAteM Akara-granthoM se hI jAnanI caahie| vizeSa-prathama satra meM sthita 'artha' zabda kI vyAkhyA meM hI guru ke dvArA jJAtavya ina nava gaNoM kA ullekha kara diyA gayA hai| aba dUsare zabda 'ataH' kI vyAkhyA meM duHkhAnta. kA, 'pazu' ke dvArA kArya kA, 'pati ke dvArA kAraNa kA tathA 'yoga' aura 'vidhi' kA svatantra rUpa se vicAra hogA, isa prakAra pAMcoM padArthoM kA varNana ho jaaygaa| (2 ka. sUtra ke anya zabda-ataH, pati Adi ) ataHzabdena duHkhAntasya pratipAdanam / AdhyAtmikAdiduHkhatrayavyapohapraznArthatvAttasya / pazuzabdena kAryasya / prtntrvcntvaattsy| patizabdena kAraNasya / 'IzvaraH patirIzitA' iti jagatkAraNIbhUtezvaravacanatvAttasya / yogavidhI tu prsiddhau| . 'ataH' ( isalie ) zabda ke dvArA duHkhAnta kA pratipAdana hotA hai, kyoMki isa zabda se AdhyAtmika Adi tIna duHkhoM ke vinAza ke lie prazna karanA vyakta hotA hai / [ java ziSya ne guru se prazna kiyA ki duHkhAnta kaise ho taba usakA uttara dene ke lie guru taiyAra hue aura bole---'islie| aba yahA~ 'isaliA' ke dvArA 'duHkhAnta ke lie' kA vodha ho

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260 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe gayA / pA~ca padArthoM meM duHkhAnta bhI eka hai| jisakI dhvani prathama sUtra meM milatI hai / yahI nahIM, anya padArtha bhI isa sUtra se dhvanita ho jAte haiM / ] ___'pazu' zabda ke dvArA kArya kA pratipAdana hotA hai, kyoMki vaha ( pazu yA kArya ) paratantra hotA hai [ pazu pati ke vaza meM rahatA hai aura kArya kAraNa ke adhIna hai| isa samAnatA se donoM kI ekarUpatA siddha ho jAtI hai| 1 'pati' zabda se kAraNa kA bodha hotA hai, kyoMki 'Izvara zAsana karanevAlA pati hai' isa vAkya meM saMsAra ke kAraNasvarUpa Izvara kA varNana hai / [ pati zabda se Izvara kA bodha hotA hai aura Izvara saMsAra kA kAraNa hai| ata: pati ke dvArA kAraNa kI dhvani nikalatI hai|] yoga aura vidhi to apane Apa meM spaSTa haiM ( zabdoM se hI vyakta haiN)| vizeSa-pAzupata-darzana meM kahe gaye pA~coM padArthoM kA pratipAdana prathama sUtra ke dvArA hI ho gayA hai / sUtra kA artha hai ki ziSya ke dvArA pUche gaye prazna ke uttara meM guru duHkhAnta kI siddhi ke lie mahezvara ke dvArA pratipAdita mahezvara kI prApti ke lie jo yoga ( Union ) hai usakI vidhi batalAte haiM / isa prakAra pAzupata-zAstra ke Arambha kI yaha pratijJA hai / pazu ke dvArA kArya, pati ke dvArA kAraNa, ataH ke dvArA duHkhAnta-isa prakAra ina tIna padArthoM kI dhvani hai; yoga aura vidhi to zabdoM se hI spaSTa haiM / sabhI paratantra padArthoM ( pazu, manuSya, dravya ) ko pazu kahate haiM / jisa prakAra pazu apane svAmiyoM ke adhIna hote haiM usI prakAra ye pAribhASika 'pazu' bhI apane pati ( Izvara ) ke adhIna haiN| cidAtmaka yA acidAtmaka, sabhI padArtha pazu ( kArya ) haiM jinakA kAraNa svatantra paramezvara hai / paratantra sadA svatantra ke adhIna rahatA hai| japa, dhyAna Adi ko yoga kahate haiM aura bhasmalepana, snAna Adi ke vratavidhi haiM / duHkha se nivRtta hone para aizvarya kI prApti karanA duHkhAnta hai / ye hI pA~ca tattva haiM kyoMki parama puruSArtha ke sAdhana haiM tatva vahI hai jisakA jJAna parama-puruSArtha kA sAdhana ho / prastuta darzana meM ina pAMcoM kA jJAna usakI prApti ke lie anivArya hai| paJcama tattva (duHkhAnta ) to parama-puruSArtha ke rUpa meM hI hai ata: usakA jJAna to Avazyaka hai hI; duHkha ke bIja rUpa meM asvatantra ( kArya, pazu ) ko jAnanA bhI nitAnta Avazyaka hai, kyoMki isI kI nivRtti karanI haiN| aizvarya kI prApti ke lie svatantra Izvara ( kAraNa, pati ) ko jAnanA anivArya hai, yaha kauna asvIkAra karegA ? aizvarya ko prApti ke lie bhasma-snAnAdi vidhi ke sAtha japa-dhyAnAdi yoga bhI jJeya haiM / isa prakAra pA~coM kA jJAna paramAvazyaka hai| (3. duHkhAnta kA nirUpaNa ) tatra duHkhAnto dvividhaH-anAtmakaH sAtmakati / tatrAnAtmakaH srvduHkhaanaamtyntocchedruupH| sAtmakastu dRkkriyAzaktilakSaNamaizvaryam / tatra dRkazaktirekA'pi viSayabhedAtpaJcavidhopacaryate-darzanaM zravaNaM mananaM vijJAnaM sarvajJatvaM ceti /

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nakulIza-pAzupata-darzanam 261 inameM duHkhAnta do prakAra kA hotA hai-anAtmaka aura sAtmaka / anAtmaka ( Impersonal ) duHkhAnta use . kahate haiM jisameM sabhI duHkhoM kA pUrNa rUpa se vinAza ho jAya [ isake bAda aizvarya kI prApti na ho ] / sAtmaka ( Personal ) duHkhAnta vaha hai jisameM dRkzakti aura kriyAzakti se yukta ( lakSita) aizvarya kI bhI prApti ho| dRkzakti ( buddhi yA jJAna kI zakti ) yadyapi eka hai kintu viSayoM ( Objects ) kI vibhinnatA ke kAraNa pA~ca prakAra se vyakta kI jAtI hai-darzana, zravaNa, manana, vijJAna (vivecana ) aura sarvajJatA / [ aba inameM pratyeka kI paribhASA batalAI jaaygii|] tatra sUkSma-vyavahita-viprakRSTAzeSa-cAkSuSa-sparzAdiviSayaM jJAnaM darzanam / azeSazabdaviSayaM siddhijJAnaM shrvnnm| samastacintAviSayaM siddhijJAnaM mananam / niravazeSazAstraviSayaM granthato'rthatazca siddhijJAnaM vijJAnam / svazAstra yenocyte| uktAnuktAzeSArtheSu samAsavistaravibhAgavizeSatazca tattvavyAptasadoditasiddhijJAnaM sarvajJatvamiti / eSA dhIzaktiH / darzana-usa jJAna-zakti kA nAma hai jisake dvArA samasta cAkSuSa viSayoM ( netrasambandhI jaise rUpa aura tadAzrita dravya ), sparza-sambandhI viSayoM, [ rasa-sambandhI viSayoM aura ghrANa-sambandhI viSayoM ] kA jJAna hotA hai cAhe ve viSaya kitane hI sUkSma hoM (paramANu Adi ) yA kisI vastu ke dvArA vyavahita ( Intervened ) hoM yA dUra para sthita hoN| [baddha jIva sabhI cAkSuSa, sArzanAdi viSayoM ko nahIM jAna sakate, ve dUrastha, vyavahita yA sUkSma padArthoM ko bhI nahIM jAna sakate, kintu mukta puruSoM meM yaha aizvaryazakti A jAtI hai ki ve Izvara kI taraha ina sAre viSayoM kI jAnakArI kara sakate haiM / aisI koI vastu nahIM jise ve nahIM jAna pAte / ] sabhI zabdoM ke viSaya meM ( sUkSma, dUrastha yA pazu-pakSI Adi ke dvArA kiye gae zabda ) siddhi ke rUpa meM utpanna jJAna ko zravaNa kahate haiN| [ yadyapi zravaNa darzana meM antabhUta ho sakatA hai para tattvajJAna meM isakI vizeSa upayogitA hone ke kAraNa ise pRthaka rakhA gayA hai| isameM siddhi arthAt yogAdi sAdhanoM se utpanna eka vizeSa zakti ke dvArA jJAna hotA hai| ] jina-jina viSayoM kA cintana sambhava hai una saboM kA kevala cintana karate hI [ binA zAstrAdi dekhate hue hI ] yoga kI siddhi dvArA jJAna pA lenA manana ( Cogitation ) kahalAtA hai| siddhi ke dvArA sabhI zAstroM ke viSayoM ko grantha (paMkti) aura usake artha ke sAtha jAna lenA vijJAna hai| [ grantha meM isa taraha kI paMkti hai aura usakA yaha artha hai, yaha jAna lenA vijJAna hai / ] isI se apane ( pAzupata ) zAstra kA pravacana hotA hai ( zAstra kI asaMdigdha vyAkhyA meM vijJAna hI upayogI hai)| [ guru ke dvArA ] upadiSTa yA anupadiSTa, sabhI arthA ( vipayoM) meM samAsa, vistara, vibhAga aura vizeSa ke dvArA ( inakA varNana isI darzana meM bAda meM hogA ) tattva ke rUpa meM

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262 sarvadarzanasaMgrahesambandha aura sadaiva prakAzita siddhi-jJAna ko sarvajJatva kahate haiN| [ yaha vaisA jJAna hai jo sadA udita yA prakAzita rahatA hai, kabhI chipatA nhiiN| tattvoM ke rUpa meM yaha sadA baMdhA huA rahatA hai / bAteM batalAI gaI hoM yA nahIM, sabhI sarvajJa ko mAlUma ho jAtI haiM, vaha bhI saMkSipta ( samAsa ) vistRta, vidilaSTa (Analysed ) tathA viziSTa ( Specialised ) rUpa meM / jJAna-zakti kI yahAM parAkASThA hai / ] yaha ( dRkzavita ) jJAna (buddhi Intellect) kI zakti hai| kriyAzaktirekApi vividhopacaryate-manojavitvaM kAmarUpitvaM vikaraNamitvaM ceti / tatra niratizayazIghrakAritvaM manojavitvam / karmAdinirapekSasya svecchayA evAnanta-salakSaNa-vilakSaNa-svarUpa-karaNAdhiSThAtRtvaM kAmarUpitvam / upasaMhatakaraNasyApi niratizayazvaryasambandhitvaM vikaraNamitvamiti / eSA kriyaashktiH| kriyAzakti yadyapi eka hI hotI hai, phira bhI parokSataH tIna prakAra kI kahI jAtI hai-mana kI taraha vegavAna honA, icchA se rUma badalanA tathA vikaraNa (indriyAdihIna ) hone para bhI aizvarya dhAraNa karanA (vikaraNamitva ) / mana kI taraha vegavAn hone kA artha hai ki itanI zIghratA se kAma kareM jisase adhika zIghra aura koI na kare / karmaphala Adi se nirapekSa ( pRthaka ) hokara, kevala apanI icchA se hI ananta salakSaNa ( samAna dharmovAle ), vilakSaNa ( vibhinna lakSaNoMvAle ) lathA sarUpa (eka taraha ke ) karaNoM ( zarIroM aura indriyoM ) meM adhiSThita honA hI kAmarUpitva ( apanI icchA se rUpa badalanA ) hai / vikaraNamitva vaha hai jaba karaNoM ke na hone para ( yA saMkSipta hone para ) bhI sarvocca (niratizaya ) aizvarya se sambandha ho jAya / yaha kriyA kI zakti hai| vizeSa-anAtmaka duHkhAnta bilkula niSedhAtmaka ( Negative ) hai, kyoMki isameM kevala duHkha kI nivRtti hI hotI hai| duHkha kI nivRtti ke bAda aizvarya kI prApti sAtmaka duHkhAnta meM hotI hai| aizvarya milane meM bhI do prakAra kI zaktiyA~ milatI haiM-dRkzakti yA jAnane kI zakti tathA kriyAzakti yA kArya ke rUpa meM dikhalAne kI zakti / inake kramazaH pA~ca aura tIna bheda haiM / isa prakAra duHkhAnta kA nirUpaNa huaa| (4. kArya kA nirUpaNa ) asvatantra sarva kAryam / tattrividhaM-vidyA kalA pazuzceti / eteSAM jJAnAtsaMzayAdinivRttiH / tatra pazuguNo vidyaa| sApi dvividhA-bodhAbodhasvabhAvabhedAt / __ bodhasvabhAvA vivekAvivekapravRttibhedAd dvividhaa| sA cittmityucyte| cittena hi sarvaH prANI bodhAtmakaprakAzAnugRhItaM sAmAnyena vivecitamavivecitaM cArthaM cetayata iti /

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nakuzIla-pAzupata-darzanam 263 jo kucha bhI asvatantra ( paratantra ) hai vaha saba kArya kahalAtA hai| vaha tIna prakAra kA hai-vidyA, kalA aura pshu| [jIva-jar3a-varga apane-apane guNoM ke sAtha kabhI svatantra nahIM hai / guNa apane-apane AzrayoM ke adhIna haiM, jar3apadArtha jIvoM ke adhIna haiM / jIvoM meM bhI eka dUsare kI parAdhInatA dekhI jAtI hai-strI pati ke adhIna, naukara apane svAmI ke adhIna, prajA rAjA ke adhIna Adi / paramezvara ke adhIna to sabhI haiM / pAzupata-darzana meM jIvoM ko pazu kahate haiM, jIvoM ke guNoM ko vidyA aura guNasahita pRthivI Adi jar3adravyoM ko kalA kahate haiM / ] ina ( bhedoM) ke jJAna se saMzaya Adi kI nivRtti hotI hai / inameM pazuoM ke guNa kI vidyA ( Sentiency ) kahate haiN| isake bhI do bheda haiM-bodhasvabhAva aura abodhasvabhAvavAlI vidyA / bodha svabhAvavAlI yA bodhAtmikA vidyA do prakAra kI hai, kyoMki usameM viveka yA aviveka kI pravRttiyA~ hotI haiN| isa bodhAtmikA vidyA ko cita bhI kahate haiM / citta ke hI dvArA sabhI prANI bodhAtmaka ( vastuoM kA jJAna karAnevAle ) prakAza se anugRhIta (prakAzita ) sAmAnya rUpa se sabhI vastuoM ko jAnatA hai ( cetayate citra =jAnanA ), cAhe ve vastueM viveka pravRtti se pUrNa hoM yA viveka pravRtti se rahita / [ jIvoM meM viSaya kA jJAna karane ke lie jo pravRtti utpanna hotI hai usI ke rUpa meM jIva meM avasthita eka vizeSa guNa kA hI nAma citta hai| yaha citta-guNa svayaM bodhAtmaka hone ke kAraNa ghaTa, paTa Adi padArthoM kA bodha karAtA hai| jaise sUrya yA dIpaka svayaM prakAzAtmaka hone ke kAraNa vastuoM kA bodha karAte haiM usI prakAra citta ke sAtha bhI yahI bAta hai| citta nAma kI yaha pravRtti kabhI viveka se yukta hotI hai, kabhI usase rahita / aba ina donoM kI kRtiyA~ vyakta hoNgii|] tatra vivekapravRttiH prmaannmaatrvynggyaa| pazvarthadharmArmikA punarabodhAtmikA vidyA / cetanaparatantratve satyacetanA kalA / sApi dvividhAkAryAkhyA kAraNAkhyA ceti / tatra kAryAkhyA dazavidhA-pRthivyAdIni paJcatattvAni, rUpAdayaH paJcaguNAzceti / kAraNAkhyA trayodazavidhA-jJAnendriyapaJcakaM, karmendriyapaJcakam, adhyavasAyAbhimAnasaMkalpAbhidhavRttibhedAd buddhyahaMkAramanolakSaNamantaHkaraNatrayaM ceti / unameM viveka-pravRtti kevala pramANoM ke jJAna se hI vyakta hotI hai / [ isake atirikta jo sAmAnya yA viveka se rahita pravRtti hai vaha atIndriya hotI hai| vaha apane sAdhya arthAt sAmAnyajJAnAtmaka phala se vyakta hotI hai| cita bodhAtmaka hai tathA apane bodharUpa svabhAva se ghaTAdi padArthoM ko ( jar3a hone para bhI inheM ) vyakta kara detA hai| yaha citta-guNa bodhAtmaka hai ataH jJAna kA sAdhana bana sakatA hai| abodhAtmika vidyA vaha hai jisameM pazutva kI prApti karAnevAle dharma aura adharma ye donoM saMskAra rheN| [ yaha bhI jIva kA eka viziSTa guNa hI hai kintu isakA upayoga jJAna meM kucha

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264 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe nhiiN| kAraNa yaha hai ki bodha karAnA isake svabhAva meM ho nahIM aura jJAna bodha se hI hotA hai| ] cetana ke adhIna rahanevAlI kalA svayam acetana hotI hai| isake bhI do bheda haiMkArya ke rUpa meM kalA (viSayarUpA kalA ) aura kAraNa ke rUpa meM kalA ( indriyarUpA kalA ) / kAryAkhyA kalA dasa prakAra kI hotI hai--pRthivI Adi pA~ca tattva ( Gross elements ) aura rUpa Adi pA~ca guNa ( Subtle elements ) / kAraNAkhyA kalA ke teraha bheda haiM -pA~ca jJAnendriyA~ (Sense organs ), pA~ca karmendriyA~ ( Motor organs ) tathA avyavasAya ( nizcaya ), abhimAna ( anAtmA ke sAtha AtmA kA tAdAtmya sthApita karanA ) aura saMkalpa nAma kI tIna vRttiyoM ( Functions ) ke bheda ke kAraNa tIna prakAra ke antaHkaraNa-buddhi ( Intellcct ), ahaMkAra ( Ego ) aura mana ( Cogitant Principle ) / vizeSa-dasa indriyA~ aura tIna antaHkaraNa kAraNa ke rUpa meM ( kAraNAkhyA ) kalA haiM, kyoMki ye viSayajJApana ke kAraNa haiM / dUsarI ora pAMca mahAbhUtoM aura unake guNoM ( rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza, zabda ) ko 'kArya ke rUpa meM kalA' kahate haiM, kyaM ki ye indriyoM ke kArya haiM / viSaya indriyoM ke adhIna haiM aura indriyA~ viSayoM ke adhIna-isa prakAra ye donoM prakAra kI kalAeM Apasa meM eka dUsare ke adhIna haiM / cetana ke adhIna to donoM hI haiM / isa prakAra kI gaNanA siddha karatI hai ki sAMkhya-darzana kA prabhAva ina para paryApta mAtrA meM hai / sAMkhya meM ina dasa aura teraha tattvoM ke atirikta puruSa aura prakRti milAkAra kula pacIsa tattva dikhalAye jAte haiN| pazutvasambandhI pshuH| so'pi dvividhaH-sAjano niraJjanazceti / tatra sAJjanaH zarIrendriyasambandhI / niraJjanastu tdrhitH| tatprapaJcastu paJcArthabhASyadIpikAdau drssttvyH| __ pazutva ( punarjanmAdi guNa ) jisameM hoM vaha pazu hai| yaha bhI do prakAra kA haisAjana ( zarIra aura indriyoM se yukta ) tathA niraJjana (zarIrendriya se rahita ) / sAjana vaha hai jise zarIra aura indriyoM se sambandha ho / jisa sambandha ke dvArA eka sambandhI ke dharma dUsare sambandhI meM bhI samajhe yA kahe jAte haiM usa vizeSa sambandha ko sAJjana kahate haiM / jIva meM zarIra aura indriya ke sambandha se sthUlatva, kAraNatva Adi dharmoM kA varNana hotA hai ataH vaha mAJjana hai| ] niraJjana usa sambandha se rahita hotA hai / inakA vistAra pacArthamA yadIpikA ( rAgIkara bhaTTa ke gAya para TIkA-lekhaka ajJAta ) Adi granthoM meM dekhanA caahie| (5. kAraNa aura yoga kA nirUpaNa ) samastasRSTisaMhArAnugrahakAri kAraNam / tasyaikasyApi guNakarmabhedApekSayA vibhAgaH uktaH 'patiH sAdyaH' ityaadinaa| tatra patitvaM niratizayadRka

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nakulIza - pAzupata - darzanam kriyAzaktimatvaM tenaizvaryeNa nityasambandhitvam / AdyatvamanAgantukaizvaryasambandhitvam - ityAdarzakArAdibhistIrthakarainirUpitam / 265 sArI vastuoM kI sRSTi, saMhAra aura anugraha ( kRpA ) karanevAle tattva ko kAraNa ( Izvara ) kahate haiM / yadyapi yaha eka hI hai phira bhI guNa aura karma ke bhedoM kI apekSA rakhane ke kAraNa isake vibhAga ( Kinds ) bhI kahe gaye haiM- 'pati AdyaguNa se yukta hai... ..." ityAdi / isa sUtra meM pati kA artha hai niratizaya ( sarvocca) dRkzakti aura kriyAzakti ( dekheM pari0 3 ) se yukta hokara usI aizvarya ke dvArA nitya sambandha dhAraNa karanA / Adya kA artha aise aizvarya se sambaddha honA jo ( aizvarya ) Agantuka yA Akasmika na ho ( pratyuta nitya ho ) - isI prakAra 'Adarza' Adi granthoM ke lekhaka tIrthakaroM ( zAstrapravartakoM) ne inakA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / cittadvAreNezvarasambandhaheturyogaH ( pAzu0 sU0 5 / 2 ) / sa ca dvividhaHkriyAlakSaNaH, kriyoparamalakSaNaceti / tatra japadhyAnAdirUpaH kriyAlakSaNaH, kriyoparamalakSaNastu niSThAsaMvidgatyAdisaMjJitaH / citta ( jIva ke bodhAtmaka guNa - vizeSa ) ke dvArA [ jIva kA ] Izvara ke sAtha jo sambandha hotA hai usake kAraNoM ko yoga kahate haiM / yaha bhI do prakAra kA hai - kriyA se yukta aura kriyA kI nivRttivAlA / japa, dhyAna Adi ke rUpa meM jo yoga ( jIvezvara sambandha karAnevAlA ) hai use kriyAyukta yoga kahate haiM [ kyoMki isameM kucha kAma karanA par3atA hai ] kriyA kI nivRttivAlA yoga vaha hai jisakI saMjJAeM niSThA ( mahezvara meM avicala bhakti ), saMvit ( tattvajJAna ), gati ( zaraNAgati ) Adi haiM / ( 6. vidhi kA nirUpaNa ) dharmArthasAdhakavyApAro vidhiH / ca dvividhaH - pradhAnabhUto guNabhUtazca / tatra pradhAnabhUtaH sAkSAddharmahetuzcaryA / sA dvividhA - vrataM dvArANi ceti / tatra bhasmasnAnazayanopahArajapapradakSiNAni vratam / taduktaM bhagavatA nakulIzenabhasmanA triSavaNaM snAyota, bhasmani zayIta ( pA0 sU0 18 agrataH ) iti / atropahAro niyamaH / sa ca SaDaGgaH / taduktaM sUtrakAreNa -- hasita-gItanRtya- huDukkA ra-namaskAra- japyaSaDaGgopahAreNopatiSThateti / dharma (mahezvara) rUpI artha ( lakSya ) kI siddhi karane ke lie ( mahezvara ke samIpa pahu~cAne ke lie ) jo bhI vyApAra yA karma kareM vaha vidhi hai / [ vidhAna hone ke kAraNa ise vidhi kahate haiM / ] isake do bheda haiM- pradhAna vidhi aura gauNa vidhi / pradhAna vidhi vaha hai jo sAkSAt dharma kA kAraNa ho, ise caryA bhI kahate haiM / isake bhI do bheda haiM- vrata aura 1. guNa -- satva, raja, tamas / karma --- sRSTi, pAlana, saMhAra /

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266 sarvadarzanasaMgrahedvAra / bhasma se snAna, bhasma meM zayana, upahAra, japa aura pradakSiNA-ye vrata haiN| bhagavAn nakulIza ne kahA hai-bhasma se tIna samaya (prAtaH, madhyAhna, sandhyA ) snAna kare ( lepana kare ), bhasma meM hI zayana kare, ityAdi / ____ yahA~ upahAra kA artha hai niyamoM kA paaln| isake chaha aMga hai jaisA ki sUtrakAra ne kahA hai-hasita, gIta, nRtya, huDukkAra ( eka prakAra kI dhvani ), namaskAra aura japyaisa SaDaMga upahAra ke dvArA pUjA kre| tatra hasitaM nAma kaNThoSThapuTavisphUrjanapuraHsaram ahahetyaTTahAsaH / gItaM gAndharvazAstrasamayAnusAreNa mahezvarasaMbandhiguNadharmAdinimittAnAM cintanam / nRtyamapi nATayazAstrAnusAreNa hastapAdAdInAmutkSepaNAdikamaGgapratyaGgopAGgasahitaM bhAvAbhAvasametaM ca pryoktvym| huDukkAro nAma jihvAtAlusaMyogAgniSpAdyamAnaH puNyo vRSanAdasadRzo naadH| huDugiti zabdAnukAro vaSaDitivat / yatra laukikA bhavanti tatraitatsarvaM gUDhaM prayoktavyam / ziSTaM prasiddham / hasita ( Laughter ) kA artha hai kaNTha aura auSThapuToM ko hilA-hilAkara 'ahaha' dhvani karate hue aTTahAsa karanA / gAndharva-zAstra ( saMgIta vidyA ) kI paramparA ( samaya = prasiddhi, AcAra, Convention ) ke anumAra mahezvara se sambaddha guNa aura dharma Adi nimittoM kA cintana karanA hI gIta ( Song ) hai / nATayazAstra Science of Dramaturgy ) ke anusAra hasta-pAdAdi kA Upara pheMkanA Adi apane aMgoM, pratyaMgoM aura upAMgoM ke sAtha kareM; jisameM bhAva ( Anta raka) kA abhAva ( hAva yA abhivyakti ) bhI rahe, yahI nRtya hai| [ nATyazAstra ke niyamoM se nRtya ko sImita karanA anivArya hai| hastotkSepaNa, pAdotkSepaNa Adi kI bhI vibhinna mudrAeM haiM jinameM hRdaya kI bhAvanAeM bAhya mudrAoM dvArA abhivyakta hotI haiN| isakA vistRta vivaraNa bharata ne nATyazAstra meM kiyA hai| natya ke AcArya svayaM mahezvara haiM jinakA nAma naTarAja bhI hai ataH inakI prasannatA ke lie nRtya kI anivAryatA svataH siddha hai| ] huDukkAra usa nAdavizeSa ko kahate haiM jo vRSabha ( sA~r3a ) kI AvAja kI taraha kA hai tathA jihvA aura tAlu (cavarga kA uccAraNasthAna ) ke saMyoga se utpanna honevAlA jo puNyaprada zabda hai / 'huDuk' zabda vAstava meM 'vaSaT' kI taraha hI [ eka avyakta ] dhvani kA anukaraNa karanevAlA zabda hai| __ jahA~ para laukika puruSa ( sAmAnya jana ) vidyamAna raheM, vahAM para ina saboM kA prayoga gupta rUpa se karanA cAhie [ kyoMki pratyakSA: logoM ke sAmane karane para loga 'mUrkha' kahakara upAsaka ko apane vrata se bhraSTa kara sakate haiM / isalie vratacaryA ko gopanIya rakheM yA ekAnta meM hI ye saba kiyA kreN| ekAntatA hI rakhane ke lie krAthanAdi dvAracaryAoM kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai jinheM hama isake bAda dekheNge| ] avaziSTa [ donoM vratacaryAe~japa aura namaskAra ] to prasiddha hI hai /

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nakulIza - pAzupata darzanam 267 dvArANi tu kAthana-spandana- mandana-zRGgAraNAvitatka raNAvitadbhASaNAni / tatrAsuptasyaiva suptaliGgapradarzanaM krAthanam / vAyvabhibhUtasyeva zarIrAvayavAnAM kampanam spandanam / upahatapAdendriyasyeva gamanam mandanam / rUpayauvanasampannAM kAminImavalokyAtmAnam kAmukamiva yaivilAsaH pradarzayati tat zRGgAraNam / dvAracaryAeM ( bAhya pradarzana ke yogya mudrAeM ) ye haiM - krAthana ( kharrATe bharanA, Snoring ) spandana ( deha kaMpakapAnA Trembling ), mandana ( lar3akhar3Akara calanA Limping ), zRMgAraNa ( vilAsa kA pradarzana ), avitatkaraNa ( ulaTA-sIdhA kAma karanA ) aura avidbhASaNa ( anApa-zanApa bakanA Nonsense talks ) / binA nIMda Aye hI ( jage hue hI ) soye hue vyakti ke samAna ceSTAe~ ( A~kheM banda karanA, kharrATe bharanA Adi ) pradarzita karanA kAthana hai / vAyuroga se abhibhUta vyakti kI bhA~ti apane zarIra ke aMgoM ko ka~pAnA spandana kahalAtA hai / TUTe hue paira vAle vyakti kI taraha lar3akhar3Akara calanA mandana hai / rUpa ( saundarya ) aura yauvana se sampanna kisI kAminI ko dekhakara apane ko kAmuka ke samAna pradarzita karate hue ( sAdhaka jaba kAmukoM ke yogya jina-jina vilAsoM kA pradarzana karatA hai ve zRMgAraNa haiM / (de0 pA0 sU0 3 / 12-17 ) [ vAstava meM upAsaka ina doSoM se mukta hai, kintu logoM ko apane pAsa se alaga karane ke lie vaha uta ceSTAe~ dikhalAtA hai / abhI bhI bahuta se aise sAdhaka bhArata meM vidyamAna haiM / ] kAryAkAryavivekavikalasyeva vyAhatApArthakAdizabdoccAraNamavitadbhASaNamiti / guNabhUtastu vidhizcaryAnugrAhako'nusnAnAdiH bhaikSyocchiSTAdinirmitAyogyatApratyayanivRtyarthaH / tadapyuktaM sUtrakAreNa - anusnAnanirmAlyaliGgadhArIti / lokaninditakarmakaraNamavitatkaraNam / kartavya aura akartavya kI vivecanA karane meM asamartha vyakti kI taraha logoM ke dvArA nindanIya karma karanA avitatkaraNa hai / paraspara virodhI nirarthaka Adi zabdoM ko bakate phiranA avitadbhASaNa kahalAtA hai / [ isa prakAra pradhAna vidhi kA varNana, samApta huA / ] caryA ke anugrAhaka ( sahAyaka ) anustAna Adi ko gauNa vidhi kahate haiM / isakA prayoga isalie hotA hai ki bhikSAnna bhojana, ucchiSTa bhojana Adi ke dvArA zarIra meM jo ayogyatA ( apavitratA ) A jAtI hai usakA nivAraNa isa vidhi ke sUtrakAra ne yaha bhI kahA hai- anusnAna, nirmAtya aura liGga kA [ pavitra hotA hai ] / dvArA hI hotA hai / dhAraNa karanevAlA 1

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268 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe vizeSa-pradhAna vidhi ( yA caryA ) kA pAlana apavitra avasthA meM nahIM kiyA jaataa| bhojana ke anantara binA snAna kiye hue ucchiSTAdi annajanita doSa rahate haiM / ataH apavitra dazA meM yogyatA ke abhAva meM caryA kA adhikAra nahIM rhtaa| malamUtra-tyAga ke bAda bhI vahI bAta hai / yaha apavitratA anusnAna Adi gauNa vidhiyoM se dUra kI jA sakatI hai| anusnAna snAna kA pratinidhi hai jisameM jalasparza, Acamana, bhasmasnAna Adi haiM / vratoM meM par3hA gayA bhasmasnAna tInoM kAloM meM vihita hai, vaha nitya hai jaba ki yahA~ kA bhasmasnAna naimittika ( Occasional ) hai / anusnAna ke anantara pavitra hokara nirmAlya aura bhasma dhAraNa kreN| jaba taka ye zarIra meM haiM taba taka upAsaka apavitra nahIM ho sakatA / tantrasAra meM kahA hai-nirmAlyaM zirasA dhArya sarvAGge cAnulepanam / ( 7. samAsAdi padArtha aura anya zAstroM se tulanA ) tatra samAso nAma mimAtrAbhidhAnam / tacca prathamasUtra eva kRtam / paJcAnAM padArthAnAM pramANataH paJcAbhidhAnaM vistaraH / sa khalu rAzIkarabhASye draSTavyaH / eteSAM yathAsambhavaM lakSaNato'saGkareNAbhidhAnaM vibhAgaH / sa tu vihita eva / [ Upara sarvajJatva kA lakSaNa karate hue samAsa, vistara, vibhAga aura vizeSa jaise zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA thaa| aba una zabdoM kI vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai| kevala miryoM ( padArthoM ) kA nAma bhara le lenA samAsa kahalAtA hai / aisA prathama sUtra meM hI kiyA gayA hai [ ki pA~coM padArthoM kA caturAI se nAma le liyA gayA hai ] / pA~coM padArthoM kA prAmANika rUpa meM vistArapUrvaka ( paJca = vistAra ) nAma lenA vistara hai| ise rAzIkarabhASya ( sambhavataH kauNDinya-bhAvya ) meM dekhanA cAhie / ina saboM kA yathAsambhava lakSaNa dikhalAte hue, eka dUsare padArtha se binA milAye hue ( spaSTa rUpa se ), varNana karanA vibhAga kahalAtA hai / isakA vidhAna to isa zAstra meM huA hI hai| zAstrAntarebhyo'mISAM guNAtizayena kathanaM vishessH| tathA hi-anyatra duHkhanivRttireva duHkhAntaH / iha tu pAramaizvaryaprAptizca / anyatrAbhUtvA bhAvi kAryam / iha tu nitya pazvAdi / anyatra sApekSaM kAraNam / iha tu nirapekSo bhagavAneva / anyatra kaivalyAdiphalako yogH| iha tu pAramaizvaryaduHkhAntaphalakaH / anyatra punarAvRttirUpasvargAdiphalako vidhiH / iha punrpunraavRttiruupsaamiipyaadiphlkH| dUsare zAstroM (nyAya Adi ) se isa zAstra meM kathita ina padArthoM ke guNoM ke pArthakya kA varNana karanA vizeSa kahalAtA hai / [ pAzupata-zAstra meM jina pA~ca padArthoM kA varNana huA hai unake lakSaNa dUsare zAstroM meM pRthak rUpa meM diye gaye haiN| isa zAstra ke lakSaNoM se una lakSaNoM kI tulanA karake apane lakSaNoM ko zreSTha siddha karanA hI vizeSa kahalAtA hai /

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nakulIza-pAzupata-darzanam 269 smaraNIya hai ki sarvajJa pA~coM padArthoM ko. samAsa, vistara, vibhAga aura vizeSa ke sAtha hI jAnatA hai / aba anya zAstroM se apane zAstra kI vizeSatAeM batalAI jaayegii|] udAharaNataH, (1) dUsare zAstroM meM duHkha se mukta ho jAnA hI duHkhAnta ( Liberation mokSa ) hai kintu apane ( pAzupata ) zAstra meM parama aizvarya kI prApti bhI hotI hai / ( 2 ) dUsare zAstroM meM kArya vaha hai jo pahale vidyamAna na ho, pIche ( kAraNakAdi ke vyApAroM (prayAsoM ) se ] utpanna ho ( arthAt kArya anitya hai ) / kintu apane zAstra meM pazu Adi nitya padArthoM ko kArya kahate haiM / ( 3 ) anya zAstroM meM kAraNa sApekSa hotA hai (jaise vedAnta meM dharmAdharma kI apekSA rakhanevAlA Izvara ) jaba ki isa zAstra meM nirapekSa bhagavAn hI kAraNa hotA hai| (4) dUsare zAstroM meM yoga vaha hai jo kaivalya kI prApti karA de ( jaise yogazAstra meM kahA gayA hai ki jaba cetana buddhi Adi upAdhiyoM se rahita hokara apane svarUpa meM avasthita hotA hai taba puruSa ko kaivalya malatA hai jo yoga se saMbhava hai)| isa zAstra meM yoga use kahate haiM jo parama aizvarya se yukta duHkhAnta ( mokSa) detA hai| (5) anya zAstroM meM (jaise mImAMsA meM ) vidhi vaha hai jo svarga Adi aisA phala pradAna kare jisa ( phala ) ko AvRtti (nivRtti) phira ho jAya, lekina isa zAstra meM vidhi se sAmIpya Adi phala milatA hai jisakA nAza saMbhava nhiiN| [ IzvarasAmIpya pAkara phira vahA~ se lauTanA nahIM hai, mImAMsA kI vidhiyoM ke anusAra kAma karane ke bAda svargaphala milatA hai kintu vaha kSaNika hotA hai-puNya kSINa hone para phira martyaloka meM AnA hI par3atA hai| ] vizeSa-pAzupata-zAstra kA 'vizeSa' bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| yadi sabhI dArzanika apane-apane darzanoM kA vizeSa vyakta karate to bar3A hI sundara hotA / vijJApana aura padArthajJAna donoM kA abhUta samanvaya hotaa| yaha vizeSa pAzupata-darzana ko viziSTa bhUmi para sthApita karatA hai jisase anya sampradAyoM kI apekSA pAzupata-zAstra kI apanI vizeSatAeM spaSTa vyakta hotI haiN| (8. nirapekSa Izvara kI kAraNatA ) nanu mahadetadindrajAlaM yanirapekSaH paramezvaraH kAraNamiti / tathAtve karmavaiphalyaM svakAryANAM samasamayasamutpAdazceti doSadvayaM prAduHSyAt / maivaM manyethAH / vyadhikaraNatvAt / yadi nirapekSasya bhagavataH kAraNatvaM syAtahi karmaNo vaiphalye kimAyAtam ? prayojanAbhAva iti cet-kasya prayojanAbhAvaH karmavaiphalye kAraNam ? kiM karmiNaH, kiM vA bhagavataH ? . yaha zaMkA hotI hai ki yaha bahuta bar3A indrajAla ( jhUThI bAta, indriyoM kI bhrAnti, Izvara kI mAyA ) hai ki nirapekSa ( Absolute ) paramezvara ko [ pAzupata-darzana meM ] kAraNa mAnate haiM, kyoMki aisA karane para doSa utpanna hoMge-sabhI karma niSphala hoMge tathA sabhI kArya eka sAtha hI utpanna hone laga jaayNge| [ yadi Izvara nirapekSa yA bilkula .

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe svatantra hokara kArya karatA hai taba to prANiyoM ke dvArA kiye jAnevAle dharma yA adharma kA binA vicAra hI kiye phala detA hogA / aisI dazA meM puNya yA pApa karma to vyartha hI haiM / kArya kI utpatti meM hAtha na ba~TAne ke kAraNa sabhI kArya apane-Apa eka hI sAtha utpanna hone lagege / dUsarI ora yadi Izvara ko sApekSa mAna leM to ye kaThinAiyA~ svayaM hala ho jAyeM, kyoMki Izvara ke dvArA sukha-duHkha kA saMpAdana hogA aura karmoM kI saphalatA mAnI jAyagI / yadi sabhI karma eka sAtha nahIM kiye jAyeMge to unakI phalaprApti bhI eka sAtha nahIM hogI / yahI kAraNa hai ki vedAnta meM Izvara ko dharmAdharmApekSI mAnate haiM / ( bra0 sU0 2 !1 / 34 ) ] 1 pAzupata - darzanavAle kahate haiM ki Apa loga aisA na samateM kyoMki donoM ke ( Izvara aura prANiyoM ke ) kAryakSetra ke AdhAra alaga-alaga haiM / [ prANiyoM ke dvArA kiye gaye karmoM se utpanna adRSTa prANiyoM para hI AdhArita hai / saMsAra kI utpatti kA vyApAra Izvara para AdhArita hai / dUsarI jagaha kA adRSTa dUsarI jagaha ke vyApAra para kaise apanI chApa de sakatA hai ? saMsArotpatti aura karmaphala bilkula pRthak haiM - eka dUsare se kyA lenA-denA ? ataH nirapekSa Izvara ko hI kAraNa banAnA ThIka hai / ] 1 270 yadi nirapekSa bhagavAn ko hI saMsAra kA kAraNa mAneM aura karma kI viphalatA mAnanI par3e to kyA Apatti hai ( kyA phala par3egA ) ? yadi Apa kaheM ki aisA karane se koI prayojana hI nahIM rahegA, to hama phira pUcheMge ki karma ko viphala mAnane meM kAraNa - svarUpa kisakA prayojanAbhAva rahegA ? kyA karma karanevAle prANI ke prayojana kA abhAva karma kI viphalatA kA kAraNa hogA yA bhagavAn ( saMsArotpAdaka ) ke prayojana kA abhAva ? nAdyaH / IzvarecchAnugRhItasya karmaNaH saphalatvopapatteH / tadananugRhItasya yayAtiprabhRtikarmavat kadAcinniSphalatvasaMbhavAcca / na caitAvatA karmasu apravRttiH / karSakAdivadupapatteH / IzvarecchAyatattvAcca pazUnAM pravRtteH / / pahalA vikalpa ( ki karma karanevAle prANI kI prayojana - zUnyatA karmavaiphalya kA kAraNa hai ) to ho hI nahIM sktaa| Izvara kI icchA se anugRhIta hone ( Supported ) para hI karma kI saphalatA nirbhara karatI hai kabhI yayAti Adi puruSoM ke karma kI [ Izvara to karma se nirapekSa rahakara hI IzvarasApekSa honA par3atA hai / kRSi karma meM aMkura utpanna karane Izvara kI icchA se taraha hamAre karma bhI jagatkAraNa banatA hai, sampAdita na hone para kabhIniSphala ho jA sakate haiM / kintu karma ko hareka dazA meM kI sAmarthya megha para nirbhara nirapekSa hai / jIva tIna prakAra kA karma karatA hai-- kucha karmoM kucha karmoM se kruddha hotA hai aura kucha karmoM para udAsIna rahatA dete hI haiM, bhale hI vaha acchA phala ho yA burA / kintu antima karma niSphala hotA hai / jisa karma ko vaha anugRhIta yA svIkAra nahIM karanA usakA phala hai, kintu megha kRSi - karma se se Izvara prasanna hotA hai, hai / prathama do karma to phala

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nakuzIla - pAzupata-darzanam 271 nahIM milatA / phira bhI isase koI kSati nahIM hai / ] isase ( karma ke niSphala hone para ) bhI karmoM meM apravRtti nahIM hotI, kyoMki kisAna Adi ke udAharaNoM se isakI puSTi ho jAtI hai / Izvara kI icchA ke adhIna hI pazuoM kI pravRtti hotI hai / [ Azaya yaha hai ki jahA~ Izvara udAsIna rahatA hai una karmoM kA phala nahIM milatA / parantu yaha koI pahale se nahIM jAnatA ki isa karma ke prati Izvara udAsIna hai / pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki karma ke niSphala hone para loga phira se usake sampAdana meM lagate haiM / khetI kharAba ho jAne para bhI kisAna usameM phira lagatA hai--use yaha jJAna kahA~ ki khetI phira kharAba hogI / yadi koI pahale se karmavaiphalya kA jJAna rakhe taba use karegA hI nahIM / isalie yaha kahanA ki prANI kA prayojanAbhAva hI karmavaiphalya kA kAraNa hai, ThIka nahIM / prANI meM prayojana ( lakSya Motive ) rahane para bhI to karma niSphala ho jAtA hai| Izvara kI icchA para hI karma nirbhara karate haiM / smaraNa rakhanA hai ki phaladAna ke do srota haiM -- Izvara aura karma / Izvara ke dvArA diye gaye phala meM karma kI apekSA nahIM hai jaba ki karma ke dvArA milanevAle phala meM Izvara kI apekSA rahatI hai| na to Izvara ke svAtantrya kI hAni hI hotI hai aura na jIva kI apravRtti hI dekhI jAtI hai / ] nApi dvitIyaH / paramezvarasya paryAptakAmatvena karmasAdhyaprayojanApekSAyA abhAvAt / yaduktaM samasamayasamutpAda iti, tadapyayuktam / acintya - zaktikasya paramezvarasya icchAnuvidhAyinyA avyAhatakriyAzaktyA kAryakAritvAbhyupagamAt / taduktaM sampradAyaviddhi: 9. karmAdinirapekSastu svecchAcArI yato hyayam / tataH kAraNataH zAstraM sarvakAraNakAraNam // iti / 1 dUsarA vikalpa ( ki Izvara meM prayojana na honA hI karma kI viphalatA kA kAraNa hai ) bhI ThIka nahIM hai / paramezvara kI sArI kAmanAeM paripUrNa haiM ataH karma ke dvArA utpanna honevAle prayojana kI use apekSA nahIM rahatI / [ Izvara karmanirapekSa hai, karma-sambandhI koI bhI icchA usameM nahIM hai / isa prakAra karma kI viphalatA kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai / nirapekSa Izvara kI kAraNatA para isakA koI prabhAva nahIM par3atA / ] dUsarA Aropa jo lagAyA gayA hai ki sabhI kAryoM kA utpAdana eka hI sAtha hone lagegA yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai / paramezvara kI zakti acintanIya hai, usakI kriyAzakti avyAhata hai ( kahIM bhI kuNThita nahIM hotI ) jo usakI icchA kA ho anusaraNa karatI hai / paramezvara kI isa zakti meM koI bhI kArya karane kI zakti hai / sampradAya ke vettAoM ne kahA hai cU~ki vaha ( Izvara ) karmAdi se nirapekSa ( svatantra ) hai, apanI icchA ke anusAra kArya karanevAlA hai / isI kAraNa se zAstra meM use sabhI kAraNoM kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai|'

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ( 10. Izvara ke jJAna se mokSa prApti ) nanu darzanAntare'pIzvarajJAnAnmokSo labhyata eveti kuto'sya vizeSa iti cet -- maivaM vAdIH / vikalpAnupapatteH / kimozvaraviSayajJAnamAtraM nirvANakAraNaM kiM vA sAkSAtkAraH athavA yathAvattattvanizcaya ? 272 nAdyaH - zAstramantareNApi prAkRtajanavad 'devAnAmadhipo mahAdevaH' iti jJAnotpattimAtreNa mokSasiddhau zAtrAbhyAsa vaiphalyaprasaGgAt / nApi dvitIyaH - anekamalapacayopacitAnAM pizitalocanAnAM pazUnAm paramezvarasAkSAtkArAnupapatteH / koI yaha pUcha sakate haiM ki dUsare darzanoM meM bhI to Izvara ke jJAna se mokSa milatA hI hai, isa pAzupAta darzana meM kyA vizeSatA hai ? hama kaheMge ki aisA mata kaho / nIce diye gaye vikalpoM meM [ kisI ke dvArA bhI tumhArI bAta ] siddha nahIM hogI / nirvANa yA mokSa kA kAraNa vAstava meM kyA hai - Izvara ke viSaya meM kevala jJAna prApta kara lenA yA usakA sAkSAtkAra ( darzana ) karanA yA yathArtha rUpa se ( jaisI vastusthiti hai ) tattvoM kA nirNaya karanA ? pahalA vikalpa to ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki binA zAstra ke bhI sAdhAraNa vyaktiyoM kI taraha, mahAdeva devatAoM ke rAjA haiM' kevala isI jJAna kI utpatti se hI mokSa kI siddhi ho jAyegI, zAstroM kA abhyAsa karanA niSphala hai / dUsarA vikalpa bhI nahIM hI ThIka hai / aneka prakAra ke maloM ke samUha se bhare hue tathA mAMsa kI A~khoMvAle pazu (jIva ) paramezvara kA sAkSAtkAra kara sakeMge, yaha asambhava hai / -tRtIye'smanmatApAtaH / pAzupatazAstramantareNa yathAvattatvanizcayAnupapatteH / taduktamAcAryai: 10. jJAnamAtre vRthA zAstraM sAkSAd dRSTistu durlabhA / paJcArthAdanyato nAsti yathAvattattvanizcayaH // iti / tasmAtpuruSArthakAmaiH puruSadhaureyaiH pazvArthapratipAdanaparaM pAzupatazAstramAzrayaNIyamiti ramaNIyam // iti zrImatsAyaNamAdhavIye sarvadarzanasaMgrahe nakulIzapAzupatadarzanam // tIsare vikalpa ko svIkAra karane para to phira hamAre hI darzana meM AnA par3egA / pAzupatazAstra ke binA tattvoM kA yathArtha nizcaya nahIM ho sakatA / isI bAta ko AcAryoM ne

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nakulIza - pAzupata darzanam 273 isa prakAra kahA hai- 'yadi jJAna mAtra se [ mokSa milatA hai | to zAstra vyartha ho jAyeMge, Izvara kA sAkSAt darzana karanA durlabha hI hai; tattvoM kA yathArtha nizcaya paJcArtha ( pA~ca padArthoM kA pratipAdaka pAzupatazAstra ) ke binA ho hI nahIM sakatA' isalie purutrArtha kI kAmanA karanevAle uttama puruSoM ko pA~ca padArthoM kA pratipAdana karanevAle pAzupata - zAstra kA Azraya lenA cAhie - yahI acchA hai / isa prakAra zrImAn sAyaNa mAdhava ke sarvadarzanasaMgraha meM nakulIza - pAzupata-darzana [ samApta huA / ] iti bAlakavinAzaGkareNa racitAyAM sarvadarzanasaMgrahasya prakAzAkhyAyAM vyAkhyAyAM nakulIzapAzupatadarzanamavasitam // 18 sa0 saM0

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zaiva-darzanam pAzaH pazuH patiriti vittayena sarva vyAptaM sa eva bhagavAJchiva Izvaro'tra / karmAdyapekSata itIha vizeSaNena yuktaM . tameva patimIzvararUpamoDe ||--RssiH / (1. zaivAgamasiddhAnta ke tIna padArtha ) tamimaM 'paramezvaraH karmAdinirapekSaH kAraNamiti' pakSaM vaiSamya-naNyadoSadUSitatvAt pratikSipantaH kecana mAhezvarAH zaivAgamasiddhAntatattvaM yathAvadIkSamANAH, 'karmAdisApekSaH paramezvaraH kAraNamiti' pakSaM kakSIkurvANAH, pakSAntaramupakSipanti-patipazupAzabhedAt trayaH padArthA iti| taduktam tantratattvajJaiH 1. tripadArtha catuSpAdaM mahAtantra jgdguruH| sUtreNakena saMkSipya prAha vistarataH punaH // iti / kucha mAhezvara ( mahezvara-sampradAya ke dArzanika ) isa uparyukta (pAzupata ) pakSa ko svIkAra nahIM karate ki 'karmAdi se pRthak rahakara paramezvara saMsAra kA kAraNa hai' / yaha pakSa isalie tiraskaraNIya hai ki ise svIkAra karane meM do doSa Ate haiM-vaiSamya ( arthAt jIvoM ke sukha-duHkha ke sambandha meM Izvara kI dRSTi asamAna yA pakSapAtI rahegI, kucha jIva apane-Apa duHkha hI duHkha jheleMge dUsare sukhopabhoga kareMge-Izvara kAraNa hone para bhI dekhatA rahegA, loga usa para pakSapAta kA Aropa kareMge hI ) tathA nirdayatA ( Izvara nirdayatApUrvaka saMsAra kA saMhAra kareMge kyoMki prANiyoM ke karma se to Izvara ko kucha lenA-denA nahIM hai ) / [ yadi Izvara karmAdisApekSa raheM to koI doSa hI na rahe-sukha-duHkha kA upabhoga apane Apa nahIM hogA, prANiyoM ke karmoM kA bhI phaladAna ke samaya vicAra hogA, karma bhI asAdhAraNa kAraNa raheMge; ataH na to pakSapAta kI bhAvanA rahegI kyoMki karmAnusAra phala milegA, aura na nirdayatA kA Aropa Izvara para lagegA kyoMki nyAya hone para nirdaya aura sadaya kaisA ? ] ye ( mAhezvara ) zaivAgama ( sabhI zaiva sampradAyoM kA mUlagrantha ) ke siddhAntoM ke rahasya ko yathArtha rUpa se dekhate haiM ve yaha pakSa mAnate haiM ki karmAdi se sambaddha ( sApekSa ) paramezvara saMsAra kA kAraNa hai, isa prakAra dUsare pakSoM ( matoM) kA prastAva karate haiM--pati ( Izvara ), pazu ( jIva ), pAza ( bandhana ) ke bheda se padArtha tIna haiN|

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zaiva darzanam tantra kA tattva jAnanevAle logoM ne kahA bhI hai- 'saMsAra ke padArthoM aura cAra pAdoM se nirmita mahAtantra kA saMkSepa vistAra se kiyA / ' 275. guru ne eka sUtra meM ho tIna kiyA, phira usakA nirUpaNa vizeSa - zaivadarzana ke mUla grantha haiM zaivAgama jinameM zivasaMhitA, ahirbudhnya-saMhitA Adi prasiddha haiM / inake anantara Agama aura yAmala grantha haiM, jo sabhI saMskRta meM haiM / inake atirikta zaivamata kA jo gar3ha tamiLa deza meM hai, vahA~ kI paramparA meM tamiLa bhASA meM zaiva grantha prApta haiM / 84 santoM kI bAta vahA~ milatI haiM, jinameM cAra AcAryoM- appAra, jJAnasambandha, sundaramUrti tathA mANikkavAcaka ( samaya 7vIM - 8vIM za0 ) - kA nAma prasiddha hai / ina saboM ne isa mata kA pravartana kiyA / isa prakAra uttarI bhArata meM jahA~ saMskRta ke Agama-grantha zaivamata kI mUla bhitti hai, vahA~ bhArata meM ukta AcAryoM kI tamila racanAe~ hI mata kI AdhAra haiM / inheM dakSiNa meM loga dakSiNI AgamoM ke samAna hI atyanta abhyarhita mAnate haiM / vAstava meM zaivamata abhI dakSiNa meM hI jIvita hai / ina granthoM ko dakSiNa meM 'zaivasiddhAnta' yA 'zaivAgama' bhI kahate haiM / vahA~ prasiddhi hai ki ziva ne apane pA~ca mukhoM se 28 taMtroM kA AvirbhAva kiyaa| unakI saMkhyA nimnalikhita hai --- ( 1 ) sadyojAta mukha se kAmika, yogaja, cintya, karaNa, ajita ( 5 ) / (2) vAmadeva mukha se - dIpta, sUkSma, sahasra, aMzumAna, suprabheda (5) / ( 3 ) aghora mukha se - vijaya, nizvAsa, svAyambhuva, anala, vIra ( 5 ) / ( 4 ) tatpuruSa mukha se -- raurava, mukuTa, vimala, candrajJAna, bimba ( 5 ) / ( 5 ) IzAna mukha se - prodgIta, lalita, siddha, santAna, sarvottara, paramezvara, kiraNa aura vAtula ( 8 ) / abhinavagupta dvArA racita tantrAloka kI TIkA karate samaya jayaratha ne ina tantroM kA ullekha kiyA hai / ina tantroM para bhI aneka TIkAe~ haiM, jinase zaivAgama sAhitya kI vipulatA kA anumAna laga sakatA hai / isake alAve bhI sadyojyoti ( 800 I0 ) ke dvArA racita narezvara parIkSA, rauravAgamavRtti tattvasaMgraha, tattvatraya, bhogakArikA aura paramokSanirAsakArikA, haradatta zivAcArya ( 1050 I0 ) racita zrutisUvitamAlA aura caturvedatAtparya-saMgraha, rAmakaNTha ( 1100 I0 ) likhita mAtaGgavRtti, nAdakArikA aura sadyo - jyoti ke granthoM kI TIkAe~, zrIkaNTha ( 1125 I0 ) kA ratnatraya, bhojarAja ( vahI samaya ) tattvaprakAzikA aura rAmakaNTha ke ziSya aghora zivAcArya racita tattva - prakAzikA aura nAdakArikA kI vRttiyA~- ye grantha bhI bahuta mahattvapUrNa haiM / sadyojyoti ke antima pA~ca grantha, bhojarAja kI tattva - prakAzikA, rAmakaNTha kI nAdakArikA aura zrIkaNTha kA ratnatraya - ye ATha grantha aSTaprakaraNa kahalAte haiM / ye siddhAntagrantha zaivAgamasaMgha se nAgarAkSaroM meM prakAzita ho rahe haiM / vizeSa vivaraNa dekheM- paM0 baladeva upAdhyAya, 'bhAratIya darzana' pR0 550-52 /

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276 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe asyArthaH-uktAstrayaH padArthA yasminsanti tatripadArtha, vidyAkriyAyogacaryAkhyAzcatvAraH pAdA yasmi~staccatuzcaraNaM mahAtantramiti / tatra pazUnAmasvatantratvAtpAzAnAmacaMtanyAt tadvilakSaNasya patyuH prthmmuddeshH| cetanatvasAdhAt pazUnAM tadAnantaryam / avaziSTAnAM pAzAnAmante viniveza iti krmniymH| isakA yaha artha hai ki uparyukta tIna padArtha ( pati, pazu, pAza ) jisameM haiM vaha ( mahAtaMtra ) 'tripadArtha' kahalAtA hai / vidyA, kriyA, yoga aura caryA nAma ke cAra pAda ( caraNa) bhI jisameM haiM vaha mahAtantra 'catuzcaraNa' hai| tIna padArthoM meM pUrvApara krama-inameM pazu to svataMtra hI nahIM hai, pAza ( saMsAra ) acetana hI hai, isalie inase vilakSaNa ( Dissimilar ) rahanevAle ( arthAt svatantra aura cetana ) pati kA pahale nAma liyA gayA hai| [ pati se ] caitanya dharma samAna rUpa meM hone ke kAraNa usake bAda pazuoM ( jIvoM) kA nAma lete haiN| aba bAkI bace hue pAza ( jar3a padArthoM ) kA nAma anta meM lete haiM, yahI inake pUrvApara krama kA niyama hai / ___ dIkSAyAH paramapuruSArthahetutvAt tasyAzca pazupAzezvarasvarUpa-nirNayopAyabhUtena mantramantrezvarAdimAhAtmyanizcAyakena jJAnena vinA niSpAdayitumazakyatvAt tadavabodhakasya vidyApAdasya prAthamyam / anekavidhasAGgadIkSAvidhipradarzakasya kriyApAdasya tadAnantaryam / yogena vinA nAbhimataprAptiriti sAGgayogajJApakasya yogapAdasya taduttaratvam / vihitAcaraNaniSiddhavarjanarUpAM caryA vinA yogo'pi na nirvahatIti tatpratipAdakasya caryApAdasya caramatvamiti vivekH| cAra pAdoM kA tAratamya-dIkSA ( guru se niyamapUrvaka mantra kA upadeza lenA') se hI parama puruSArtha ( mokSa ) ko prApti hotI hai, kintu dIkSA kA niSpAdana ( sampAdana ) una jJAna ke binA sambhava nahIM hai jisa jJAna ke dvArA pazu, pAza aura Izvara ke svarUpa kA nirNaya hotA hai ( = padArthoM ke nirNaya karane kA jo upAya hai ), tathA jo jJAna mantra, mantrezvara Adi kI mahimAoM kA nirNaya karAtA hai| [ pazuoM kI viziSTa sAmarthya ke pratibandhaka aneka pAza haiM, bhaktoM ke adhikAra ke anusAra Izvara ina pAzoM ko miTAtA hai| ina saboM ko jAnane para hI pati, pazu aura pAza pRthak rUpa meM samajha meM A sakatA hai| isIlie sabase pahale dIkSA kA upapAdaka ( sAdhaka ) jJAna yA vidyA apekSita hai / ] 1. divyajJAnaM balo dadyAtkuryAtpApasya saMkSayam / tasmAddIkSeti sA proktA munibhistattvavedibhiH / mantroM kA grahaNa dIkSA-vidhi se hI hotA hai granthe dRSTvA tu mantraM vai yo gRhvAti narAdhamaH / manvantarasahasreSu niSkRti va jAyate /

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zaiva-darzanam / aMgoM ke sAtha aneka prakAra kI dIkSAoM kI vidhiyoM kA pradarzana karanevAlA kriyApAda kA varNana usake bAda huA hai / usake bAda yogapAda AtA hai jisameM sAMgayoga kA varNana hai, kyoMki yoga ke binA abhimata vastu kI prApti nahIM hotI / caryA vaha hai jisameM vihita karma kA AcaraNa tathA niSiddha karma kA varjana ( tyAga ) ho, isake binA yoga parirakva nahIM hotA, ata: yoga ke pratipAdaka caryApAda ko sabase anta meM rakhA gayA hai / yahI vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / [ sarvaprathama jJAna kI AvazyakatA hone se vidyApAda, phira dIkSAvidhi ke rUpa meM kriyApAda, taba dIkSA kA grahaNa karane ke adhikAra kI siddhi ke lie japa-vyAnAdi se yukta yogapAda aura anta ke yoga kI sahAyatA karanevAlI caryAoM kA pAda | yoga auSadhi hai tathA caryA pathya / donoM kI paraspara apekSA hai / isI krama se zevAgamoM meM cAra pAdoM kA krama rakhA gayA hai|' aba kramazaH tIna padArthoM kA nirUpaNa Arambha hotA / ] 277 ( 2. 'pati' kA nirUpaNa ) tatra patipadArthaH zivo'bhimataH / muktAtmanAM vidyezvarAdInAM ca yadyapi zivatvamasti, tathApi paramezvarapAratantryAt svAtantryaM nAsti / tatazca tanukaraNabhuvanAdInAM bhAvAnAM saMnivezaviziSTatvena kAryatvamavagamyate / tena ca kAryatvenaiSAM buddhimatpUrvakatvamanumIyata ityanumAnavazAtparamezvaraprasiddhirupapadyate / inameM 'pati' padArtha se ziva kA artha samajhA jAtA hai| mukta AtmAvAle ( tathA ) vidyazvara Adi yadyapi ziva haiM / ( unameM zivatva guNa hai ), tathApi paramezvara ke parAdhIna hone ke kAraNa ve svatantra nahIM haiM / [ yaha smaraNIya hai ki nakulIza - pAzupAta darzana meM muktoM ko zivatva-prApti ke sAtha svatantratA bhI mila jAtI hai, paratantratA nahIM rahatI, kintu zevadarzana meM unakI paratantratA mAnI jAtI hai| 'mukta AtmAvAle' zabda vidyazvarAdi ke vizeSaNa bhI ho sakate haiM aura svatantra zabda bhI / vidyazvarAdi ko parA ( Highest ) mukti nahIM milatI / hA~, aparA mukti ke adhikArI to ve avazya haiM / isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki jisa taraha saMsAra ke utpAdana meM paramezvara ko prANiyoM ke karma kI apekSA rahatI hai yA nahIM, isa viSaya meM matabheda hai-usI taraha muktoM kI svatantratA ke viSaya meM bhI manabheda hai / aba paramezvara kI sattA kA nirUpaNa hotA hai / ] isI se zarIra, indriyoM aura saMsAra Adi padArthoM ko kArya ke rUpa meM hama samajhate hai kyoMki ina padArthoM meM avayava - racanA ( saMniveza Symmery ) kI viziSTatAe~ haiM / [ manuSya, pazu, pakSI, latA, parvata Adi padArthoM ke avayavoM kI racanA meM eka niyamitanA dekhate haiM, isase mAlUma hotA hai ki ye kArya haiN| kisI ne inheM utpanna kiyA hai / / cUMki ye 1. inheM tAlikA meM sarithei, kirikei, yokama aura jJAnam kahate haiM /

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278 sarvadarzanasaMgrahekArya haiM isalie kisI buddhiyukta kartA ne inakA nirmANa kiyA hai, aisA anumAna hotA haiisI anumAna ke bala se paramezvara kI prasiddhi kI bAta siddha ho jAtI hai| [ kartA vaha hai jo icchA aura prayatna kA AdhAra ho-'cikIrSAprayatnAdhAratvaM kRrtRtvam' / kArya ke pUrva usakI sattA avazya hogI aura cUMki kartA icchA se yukta hotA hai ataH isameM buddhi kA honA anivArya hai / saMsArarUpI virATa kArya ke lie tadanurUpa kartA honA cAhie jo aura koI nahIM, paramezvara hI hai / naiyAyikoM ke dvArA bhI Izvara kI siddhi ke lie yahI tarka prastuta kiyA jAtA hai / dekhie--maMgalAcaraNazloka-1 ( sarvadarzanasaMgraha ) / ( 2 ka. Izvara ko kartA mAnane meM Apatti aura samAdhAna ) nanu dehasyaiva tAvatkAryatvamasiddham / nahi kvacitkenacit kadAcit dehaH kriyamANo issttcrH| satyam, tathApi na kenacit kriyamANatvaM dehasya iSTamiti kartRdarzanApahnavo na yujyte| tasyAnumeyatvenApyupapatteH / tathA hi-dehAdikaM kArya bhavitumarhati saMnivezaviziSTatvAt vinazvaratvADA ghaTAdivat / tena ca kAryatvena buddhimatpUrvakatvamanumAtuM sukarameva / [ pUrva patiyoM kA tarka hai ki ] 'deha kArya hai' yahI vAkya pahale asiddha hai / kAraNa yaha hai ki kahIM para kisI ne, kabhI bhI deha ko utpanna hote hue nahIM dekhA / hama ( zaiva ) ise mAnate haiM, phira bhI 'kisI ne deha ko utpanna hote hue nahIM dekhA' isa AdhAra para kartA kI satA ko asvIkAra karanA ThIka nahIM hai| kisI kartA kA honA anumAna se bhI to siddha ho sakatA hai [ bhale hI pratyakSa pramANa na mile ] / udAharaNa ke lie dekhA jAye-deha Adi kArya ho sakate haiM, kyoMki avayavaracanA se ye viziTa hote haiM yA nazvara haiM, jaise ghaTAdi ( kArya ) haiN| jaba inheM kArya mAna leMge to phira kimI vaddhimAn puruSa kI racanA mAnanA aura AsAna hI hai| vimataM sakartRkaM kAryatvAd ghaTavat / yaduktasAdhanaM taduktasAdhyaM yathArthAdi / na yadevaM na tadevaM yathAtmAdi / prmeshvraanumaanpraamaannysaadhnmnytraakaariityuprbhyte| 2. ajho janturanIzo'yamAtmanaH sukhaduHkhayoH / Izvaraprerito gacchetsvarga vA zvabhrameva vA // iti nyAyena prANikRtakarmApekSayA paramezvarasya kartRtvopapatteH / vivAdagrasta vatu ( : nu gumnAdi padArtha, kyoMki inhIM ke viSaya meM maMdeha hai ki ye sakartRka haiM yA kAma ) mArnuka hai, kyoMki yaha kArya hai jisa prakAra ghaTa huA karatA hai / jo padArtha umta gAdhanavAle haiM ( kArya haiM ), ve ukta sAdhya ( makartRka ) vAle haiM jo artha ( ghaTa, gaTa ) Adi / jI uga prakAra kA nahIM (jo sakarDaka nahIM ) vaha vaisA nahIM ( vaha kArya nahI / jaiga AlmA aadi| [ gahA~ para sAdhaNamAdhava kI zailI saMkSepIkaraNa kI carama

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zeva-darzanamaH 279 sImA para pahuMcI haI hai| Upara vivAda hai ki padArtha kA kartA koI hai ki nahIM / aba anumAna hotA hai sAre padArtha sakartRka ( sAdhya ) haiM, kyoMki ve kArya haiM, jisa taraha ghaTa hotA hai| anumAna ke anantara anvaya aura vyatireka ke dvArA vyApti kI sthApanA kI jAtI hai / ( anvaya-) jo kucha bhI kArya ( uktAsAdhana ) hai vaha sakartRka ( uktamAdhyam ) hotA hai jaise ghaTa, paTa Adi / ( vyatireka-) jo vastu kArya nahIM, vaha makartRka bhI nahI hai, jaise AtmA Adi / ] paramezvara ke viSaya meM ( siddhi ke lie ) jA anumAna diyA gayA hai usakI prAmANikatA kI siddhi dUsare sthAna para dI gaI hai, isalie yahA~ para chor3a dete haiM / / yadi zarIra, indriya, bhuvana Adi padArthoM kA koI bhI kartA nahIM hotA to apanI icchA se hI saboM kI utpatti mAnanI pdd'tii| vaisI dazA meM jIva ko kyA par3I thI ki duHkha ke sAdhana grahaNa karatA ? vaha kevala sukha ke sAdhana hI khojatA kintu jIva kA isameM vaza cale tava nA ? ataH sukha-duHkha kA koI dUsarA niyantA jarUra hogA / prANiyoM ke dvArA kiye gaye karmoM kI apekSA rakhate hue hI Izvara saMsAra kA kartA hai| ] ___ 'jIva ajJa hai, vaha apane sukha-duHkha ko niyaMtrita karane meM asamartha hai, Izvara se prati hokara hI yA to vaha svarga jAtA hai yA naraka ( zvabhra ) / '' isa yAtrA meM prANiyoM ke karmoM kI apekSA rakhate hue hI Izvara kA kA honA siddha hotA hai| na ca svAtantryavihatiriti vAcyam / karaNApekSayA kartuH svAtantryavihateranupalambhAt / koSAdhyakSApekSasya rAjJaH prasAdAdinA dAnavat / yathokta siddhagurubhi :3. svatantrasyAprayojyatvaM krnnaadipryokttaa| kartuH svAtantryametaddhi na karmAdyanapekSatA // iti // tathA ca tattatkarmAzayavazAd bhoga-tatsAdhana-tadupAnAdivizeSajJaH kartAnumAnAdisiddha iti siddham / tadidamuktaM tatrabhavadbhibRhaspatibhiH 4. iha bhogyabhogasAdhanatadupAdAnAdi yo vijAnAti / tamRte bhavenna hIdaM puMskarmAzayavipAkajJam / / iti / 1 tula0 duryodhana kI yaha prasiddha ukina -- jAnAmi dharma na ca me pravRttirjAnAmgadharma na ca me nivRniH / kenApi devena hRdi sthitena yathA niyukto'sti nabhA karomi / /

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280 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe aisA nahIM samajheM ki [ karmoM kI apekSA rakhane se Izvara kI ] svataMtratA meM kisI prakAra kI kSati pahu~cegI, kyoMki Aja taka aisA kabhI nahIM pAyA gayA hai ki karaNoM ( sAdhanoM) kI apekSA rakhane se kartA ko svataMtratA meM bAdhA pahu~cI ho| rAjA yadyapi koSAdhyakSa kI apekSA rakhate haiM kintu apane hI prasAda ( kRpA ) se dAna karate haiN| ( koSAdhyakSa se dAna dilavAne kA artha yaha nahIM hai ki rAjA se bar3A koSAdhyakSa hI hai aura rAjA ko svatantratA nhiiN)| jaisA ki siddha guru ne kahA hai-"kisI svatantra vyakti meM hI ye vizeSatAeM hotI haiM ki dUsarA koI use prayojita na kare ( kAma meM na lagA de ve aprayojya hoM) tathA svayaM jo kAraNa ( sAdhana ) Adi kA prayoga kare / ise hI kartA kI svatantratA kahate haiM, yaha nahIM ki karmAdi kI apekSA na rakhanevAlA hI svatantra hai|' [ yadi Izvara svatantra nahIM hotA to usake prayojaka pA usa para Adeza calAnevAle kucha prayojaka hote / payojaka do hI kAma karatA hai--yA to apane abhISTa kArya kA vinAza karatA hai yA aniSTa kArya karAtA hai / yahI paratantratA hai / lekina prayojaka koI cetana ho tabhI paratantratA hai, isalie karmoM kI apekSA na rakhanA svatantratA nahIM hai| svatantra dUsaroM kA upayoga to karatA hI hai, isalie Izvara bhI kartA hokara karaNa, sampradAnAdi kAraka-cakra kA khUba upayoga karatA hai / ] ___ isa prakAra yaha siddha huA ki bhinna-bhinna [ pApa-puNya ] karmoM ke samUha yA Azaya ke phalasvarUpa milanevAle bhaMga, bhogya vastueM ( bhoga sAdhana ) aura unake upAdAna Adi ko vizeSa rUpa se jAnanevAlA kartA ( Izvara ) anumAna Adi (= zruti-pramANa se bhI ) se siddha kiyA jAtA hai| pUjyapAda bRhaspati ne use isa taraha nirUpita kiyA hai-'isa saMsAra meM bhogya, bhoga ke sAdhana, unake upAdAna ( prApti yA kAraNa ) Adi ko jo vizeSarUpa se jAnatA hai usa ( Izvara ) ke atirikta puruSoM ke karma-samUha ke pariNAma kA jJAtA yahA~ koI nahIM hai|' vizeSa--'Azaya' pApa aura puNya-rUpI karmoM ke saMghAta ko kahate haiM jo phala milane ke samaya taka antaHkaraNa meM virAjamAna rahatA hai-Azerate phalapAkaparyantamantaHkaraNa ityAzayAH / 'bhoga' kA artha sukha aura duHkha se milanA, bhoga ke sAdhana = sukha-duHkha milane kI vastueM--roga, zoka, dravyaprApti Adi / upAdAna = milakara phala denevAlA kAraNa ( Material cause ) / anyatrApi5. vivAdAdhyAsitaM sarvaM buddhimatkartRpUrvakam / kAryatvAdAvayoH siddhaM kArya kumbhAdikaM yathA // iti / sarvakartRtvAdevAsya sarvajJatvaM siddham / ajJasya kAraNAsambhavAt / uktaM ca zrImanmRgendraH 6. sarvajJaH sarvakartRtvAtsAdhanAGgaphalaiH saha / yo yajAnAti kurute sa tadeveti susthitam // iti /

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zeva-varzanam 281 dUsarI jagaha bhI kahA hai-'sampUrNa saMsAra ( pakSa ) jo vivAda kA viSaya hai, vaha kisI buddhimAn kartA ke dvArA nirmita hai kyoMki yaha ( saMsAra ) kArya hai| hama donoM (pUrvapakSI, siddhAntI ) ke mata se yaha kArya ke rUpa meM siddha hai hI , jisa taraha ghaTa Adi ko [ hama kArya mAnakara kisI kartA ke dvArA nirmita mAnate haiM / ' cUMki isa Izvara ne sabhI vastuoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai isIlie usakI sarvajJatA siddha ho gaI / ajJa vyakti kisI ko utpanna nahIM kara sktaa| [ jaba taka sarvajJatA nahIM hogI, sabhI vastuoM kA nirmANa nahIM hogA / jo jise jAnatA hai usI kA nirmANa kara sakatA hai| ] zrImAn mRgendra ne kahA hai--'sabhI vastuoM kI utpatti karane ke kAraNa vaha sarvajJa hai, vaha vastuoM ko sAdhana, aMga aura unake phala ke sAtha [ jAnatA aura banAtA hai| darzapUrNamAsa yajJa kA sampAdana karanevAlA vyakti usake sAdhanoM ( samidhA, puroDAzAdi ), aMgoM (prayAja Adi ) tathA phala ( svargAdi ) ko bhI jAnatA hai / ] jo vyakti jisa kAma ko jAnatA hai, vahI kAma vaha karatA hai--yaha to acchI taraha nizcita hai|' (3. Izvara kA zarIra dhAraNa ) astu tahi svatantraH IzvaraH kartA / sa tu naashriirH| ghaTAdikAryasya zarIravatA kulAlAdinA kriyamANatvadarzanAt / zarIravattve cAsmadAdivadIzvaraH / klezayukto'sarvajJaH parimitakti prApnuyAditi cet--maivaM mNsthaaH| azarIrasyApyAtmanaH svazarIraspandAdau kartRtvadarzanAt / / [pUrvapakSI kahate haiM- ] acchA mAna liyA ki Izvara svatantra kartA hai, kintu yaha bhI to mAnanA hogA ki vaha azarIra nahIM hai (zarIradhArI hai ) / ghaTAdi kAryoM [ ke jo dRSTAnta Apa dete haiM ] ve to zarIra dhAraNa karanevAle kumbhakArAdi ke dvArA nirmita hote haiM / zarIradhArI Izvara mAnane kA kupariNAma yaha hogA ki vaha bhI hamalAMgoM kI taraha mAnA jAyagA / [ hamalogoM ke samAna ] klezoM se yukta, asarvajJa hokara kevala eka nizcita sImA ke hI bhItara zakti prApta kregaa| [zaiva darzanakAroM kA uttara hai- ] aisI bAta nahIM samajheM / AtmA to zarIradhAraNa nahIM karatI, kintu [ jisa zarIra ke bhItara vAsa karatI hai usa ] apane zarIra kA spandana, saMcAlana Adi to vahI karatI hai, [ isalie 'zarIradhArI hI kartA hoMge' isa prakAra kI vyApti Apa nahIM siddha kara sakate / zarIra kI sahAyatA ke binA bhI koI kartA ho sakatA hai / Izvara bhI zarIrahIna hokara ho sakatA hai / ] ____ abhyupagamyApi brUmahe / zarIravattve'pi bhagavato na praaguktdossaanussnggH| paramezvarasya hi malakarmAdipAzajAlAsambhavena prAkRtaM zarIraM na bhavati, ki tu zAktam / zaktirUparIzAnAdibhiH paMcabhiH maMtraH mastakAdikalpanAyAmIzAnamastakaH, tatpuruSavavatraH, aghorahRdayaH, vAmadevaguhyaH, sadyojAtapAdaH IzvaraH-iti prasiddhayA yathAkramAnugrahatirobhAvadAnalakSaNasthitilakSaNod

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282 sarvadarzanasaMgrahebhavalakSaNakRtya-paJcakakAraNaM, svecchAnimitaM taccharIraM na cAsmaccharIrasadRzam / taduktaM zrImanmRgendre : malAdyasambhavAcchaktaM vapurnatAdRzaM prabhoH // iti // aba ise svIkAra kareM ( Izvara ko sazarIra mAneM ) to bhI kaheMge ki zarIradhArI mAnane para bhI bhagavAn meM pUrvokta doSoM ke lagane kA prasaMga nahIM hai| paramezvara meM mala, karma Adi pAzajAloM kI sambhAvanA hI nahIM, ataH usakA zarIra prAkRta ( prakRti se utpanna, hama logoM kI taraha kA ) nahIM hai, usakA zarIra zakti se banA hai| [ kucha pAza haiM jaise-mala, prANiyoM ke karma, mAyA kI AvaraNa-zakti / ina saboM kA varNana isI darzana meM prAyaH anta meM hogaa| ina pAzoM kA kSetra prakRti hai| jinake zarIra prAkRta hote haiM unhIM meM ye pAza rahate haiN| paramezvara anAdikAla se mukta hai| yadi aisA na mAneM to anavasthA-doSa utpanna hogA / Izvara ke mukta na hone para koI use mukti denevAlA to hogA, phira use bhI koI mukta karegA ityAdi / isalie koI-na-koI to anAdi mukta hogA hI, jo Izvara hI hai / anAdi mukta mAnane se pAza-muvata bhI vaha hogaa| isalie Izvara kA zarIra zakti ( mAtRkA, varNamAlA ) se nirmita mAnate haiM / zakti ke rUpa meM IzAna Adi pA~ca maMtra haiM, jinake dvArA paramezvara ke mastaka Adi kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai| ve isa prakAra haiM--Izvara kA mastaka 'IzAnaH0' ( mahAnArAyaNopaniSad, 21 ) mantra se banA hai, mukha 'tatpuruSAya0' (ma0, 20 ) se, hRdaya 'aghorebhyo0' ( ma0, 19 ) se, guhyasthAna 'vAmadevAya0' ( ma0, 18 ) se tathA pAda 'sadyojAtaM.' ( ma0, 17 ) mantra se banA hai| isa prakAra kI prasiddhi hone se, usakA zarIra svecchA se hI nirmita huA hai, vaha kramazaH anugraha ( dayA ), tirobhAva ( antardhAna Concealment ), AdAna-lakSaNa ( saMhAra ), sthiti-lakSaNa ( pAlana ) aura udbhava-lakSaNa ( sRSTi )-ina pA~ca prakAra ke kAryoM kA kAraNa hai, isalie hama logoM ke zarIra kI taraha nahIM hai / zrImanmRgendra ne kahA hai-'prabhu ke zarIra meM mala Adi honA asambhava hai, isalie [ hama logoM ke zarIra kI taraha ) unakA zarIra nahIM hai, kintu unakA zarIra zaktiniSpanna hai| vizeSa-tantrazAstra meM mantroM ko hI zakti mAnA gayA hai| mantra kA eka-eka akSara anubhava-zakiA kA pratIka hai-zaktistu mAtRkA jJeyA sA ca jJeyA zivAtmikA / mAtRkAoM yA varNamAlAoM meM hI sAre mantroM ko satA honI hai / kAlikApurANa meM kahate haiM - ye ye mantrA devatAnAmRSINAmatha rakSasAm / te mantrA mAtRkAyantre nityameva pratiSThitAH / / Izvara kA zarIra maMtramaya hone se usake avayava bhI maMtroM se hI banate haiN|

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zeva-darzanam 283 antrayApi 7. tadvapuH paJcabhirmantraiH paJcakRtyopayogibhiH / IzatatpuruSAghoravAmAdharmastakAdimat // iti / nanu paJcavavaktrastripaJcadRgityAdinAgameSu paramezvarasya mukhyata eva zarIrendriyAdiyogaH zrUyata iti cet-satyam, nirAkAre dhyAnapUjAdyasambhavena bhaktAnugrahakAraNAya tattadAkAragrahaNAvirodhAt / dUsarI jagaha bhI kahA hai-'usakA zarIra pA~ca kRtyoM ( anugraha, tirobhAva, saMhAra, pAlana, sRSTi ) ke upayoga meM AnevAle pA~ca maMtroM se banA hai jo IzAna, tatpuruSa, aghora, vAma Adi ke dvArA mastakAdi avayavoM kA hai|' [ inameM IzAnamantra anugraha ke lie, tatpuruSa-mantra tirobhAva ke lie, aghora-mantra saMhAra ke lie, vAmadeva-maMtra pAlana ke lie tathA sadyojAta-maMtra sRSTi ke lie upayogI hai|] ____ aba koI prazna kara sakatA hai ki Apake AgamoM meM hI to 'pA~ca muhoM se yukta' 'pandraha A~khoM se yukta' Adi vizeSaNoM se paramezvara ke mukhyata: zarIra, indriya Adi kA sambandha sunate haiM [ phira use sazarIra mAnane meM kyA Apatti hai ? ] ThIka hai, nirAkAra Izvara kA dhyAna karanA, pUjA karanA Adi asambhava hai isalie bhaktoM para anugraha karane vAle paramezvara ke lie una AkAroM ko dhAraNa karane meM virodha kI koI bAta nahIM / taduktaM zrImatpauSkare-- 8. sAdhakasya tu rakSArthaM tasya rUpamidaM smRtam / iti / anyatrApi AkAravAMstvaM niyamAdupAsyo na vastvanAkAramupaiti buddhiH // iti / kRtyapaJcakaM ca prapaJcitaM bhojarAjena 9. paJcavidhaM tatkRtyaM sRssttisthitisNhaartirobhaavH| __tadvadanugrahakaraNaM proktaM satatoditasyAsya / / iti / jaisA ki zrImAn puSkara ke grantha meM likhA hai-'sAdhaka kI rakSA ke lie usahI paramezvara kA aisA rUpa mAnA jAtA hai / ' dUsarI jagaha bhI kahA gayA hai-'tuma AkAravAn ho, niyama se upAsanA karane ke yogya ho kyoMki nirakAra vastu kA grahaNa hamArI buddhi nahIM kara sakatI / ' [ yaha bhagavAna ke samakSa kI gaI bhakta kI prArthanA kA khaNDa hai ] / bhojarAja ne gA~ca kRtyoM kA nirUpaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai--'usa ( paramezvara ) ke kRtya pAca prakAra ke hote haiM--sRSTi, sthiti, mahAra, tirobhAva tathA anugraha karanA, ye usa niranara jAgarUka rahanevAle paramezvara ke kutya hai|' vizeSa --uAsanA kA artha sevA / hamake kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika tIna bheda haiM / kAyika kA artha hai pAdya, arghA, snAna, dhUpa, dIpa, naivedya Adi paMcopacAra yA por3azA cAra se pUjA / vAcika kA artha stotrapATha karanA hai| mAnasika kA artha dhyAna,

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284 sarvadarzanasaMgraha japAdi hai / nirAkAra kA khaNDana karate hue ye loga kahate haiM ki nirAkAra kI sevA mAnasika hI nahIM ho sakatI, kAyika aura vAcika kI to bAta hI dUra hai| nirAkAra padArtha ko mana (buddhi ) apanA viSaya banA hI nahIM sakatA, kyoMki viSaya banAne kA artha hai vastu ke AkAra ke samAna hI buddhi meM AkAra grahaNa karanA, jo nirAkAra vastu ke sAtha honA asambhava hI hai / vuddhi kI pakar3a meM na Ane ke kAraNa vAcika stotrapATha bhI nahIM hogaa| kAyika sevA to nirAkAra kI ho hI nahIM sakatI / ___ etacca kRtyapaJcakaM zuddhAdhvaviSaye sAkSAcchivakartRkaM, kRcchAdhvaviSaye tvantAdidvAreNeti vivekaH / taduktaM zrImatkaraNe zuddhe'dhvani zivaH kartA prokto'nanto'hite prabhoH // iti / evaM ca zivazabdena zivatvayoginAM mantramantrezvaramahezvaramuktAtmazivAnAM savAcakAnAM zivatvaprAptisAdhanena dIkSAdinopAyakalApena saha patipadArthe saMgrahaH kRta iti boddhavyam / taditthaM patipadArtho niruupitH| ___ ina pA~ca kRtyoM kA sampAdana, zuddha-mArga ke viSaya meM sAkSAt ziva ke hI dvArA hotA hai, yadi kRccha ( kRSNa yA azuddha yA ahita ) mArga kI carcA ho to ananta Adi adhikAriyoM ke dvArA inakA sampAdana hotA hai--yahI pArthakya hai| jaisA ki zrImat karaNa ( cauthe Agama ) meM kahA hai-'zuddha mArga meM ziva hI kartA kahalAtA hai aura ahita mArga meM ziva ke [prayojya rUpa meM vikhyAta ] ananta kartA haiN|' isa prakAra yaha samajha leM ki 'ziva' zabda ke dvArA, zivatva se sambaddha sabhI padArtha jaise mantra, mantrezvara, mahezvara, mukta AtmA, ziva-ina sabhI kA, zaivadarzana ke pravacanakartAoM kA tathA zivatva kI prApti karAnevAle sAdhana, jaise dIkSAdi upAya samUha, kA saMgraha patipadArtha meM hI ho jAtA hai| isa taraha pati-padArtha kA nirUpaNa samApta huA / vizeSa-upasaMhAra-vAkya meM 'pati' padArtha kI vyApti para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| Upara kaha cuke haiM ki pati kA artha ziva hai, kintu aba vizleSaNa karane para usakA kSetra kucha bar3A mAlUma par3atA hai / zivatva-dharma se jina padArthoM kA sambandha hai ve sabhI (zivatvayogI) padArtha pati ke antargata haiN| ve haiM-pAMcoM mantra, maNDalI Adi mantroM ke Izvara, mahezvara arthAt vidya zvara (jinakA nirUpaNa turata hI honevAlA hai ), mukta AtmAe tathA svayaM ziva padArtha / mantra se jIvavizeSa kA bodha hotA hai jinakA varNana vidya zvaroM ke sAtha hogaa| yahI nahIM, ina padArthoM ke vAcaka zabda yA AcArya bhI isI 'pati' padArtha ke antargata haiN| zivatva-prApti karAnevAle sAdhana, jaise-dIkSA Adi sAre upAya-samaha bhI pati hI haiN| ata: pati kA kSetra bahuta vyApaka hai| usake anantara 'pazu' padArtha kA nirUpaNa hogaa|

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zaiva-carzanam 285 ( 4. 'pazu' padArtha kA nirUpaNa-anya matoM kA khaNDana ) saMprati pazupadArtho nirUpyate-anaNuH kSetrajJAdipadavedanIyo jIvAtmA pshuH| na tu cArvAkAdivad dehAdirUpaH / 'nAnyadRSTaM smaratyanyaH' iti nyAyena prtisndhaanaanupptteH| nApi naiyAyikAdivatprakAzyaH, anavasthAprasaGgAt / taduktam-- 10. AtmA yadi bhavenmeyastasya mAtA bhvetprH| para AtmA tadAnIM syAtsa paro yadi dRzyate // iti / aba hama 'pazu' padArtha kA nirUpaNa karate haiM / jo aNu nahIM hai, 'kSetrajJa' ( zarIra kA jJAtA ) Adi paryAyavAcI zabdoM se jisakA bodha ho, vaha jIvAtmA pazu hai| (1) cArvAka Adi matavAdiyoM kI taraha AtmA ko zarIra ke rUpa meM nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki aisI sthiti meM [ do avasthAoM kI bAtoM meM smRti ke dvArA ] sambandha sthApita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA-eka niyama hai ki eka vyakti ke dvArA dekhI gaI bAtoM kA smaraNa dUsarA vyakti nahIM kara sktaa| [ yadi AtmA ko zarIra mAna lete haiM to zarIra meM antara ke sAtha-sAtha AtmA bhI badala jAyegI / bAlyAvasthA meM jo zarIra hai vaha taruNAvasthA meM nahIM-cArvAkoM ke anusAra taba to AtmA bhI badala gaI hogii| arthAt do avasthAoM meM do pRthak-pRthak jIvAtmAeM haiN| phira eka jIvAtmA ke kAla meM honevAlI ghaTanA kA smaraNa dUsarI jIvAtmA kaise kara legI ? bAlyAvasthA kI bAta taruNAvasthA meM kaise yAda AyegI ? ata: cArvAkoM kA AtmA-viSayaka mata ThIka nahIM hai| ] (2) naiyAyikoM kI taraha AtmA ko prakAzya ( jJeya Knowable ) bho nahIM mAna sakate, kyoMki aisA karane para anavasthA-doSa hone kA bhaya hai / [ AtmA yadi prakAzya hai to usakA prakAzaka yA jJAtA koI avazya hogA, kyoMki eka hI kriyA( jAnanA ) meM eka hI sAtha koI eka padArtha kartA aura karma nahIM ho sakatA / aba jo dUsarA jJAtA (AtmA hI ko leM ) hai usakA bhI to koI jJAtA hogA jo usase pRthak hI hogaa| isa prakAra yaha samasyA ananta kAla taka calatI clegii|] jaisA ki kahA gayA hai-'AtmA yadi meya ( jJeya ) hai to isakA mAtA ( jJAtA, jAnanevAlA, mA ) koI dUsarA avazya honA cAhie / usI avasthA meM dUsare jJAtA kI sattA svIkaraNIya hai jaba vaha dUsarI AtmA jAnI jAya yA dekhane meM Aye / [ pahalI dazA meM anavasthA hogI, dUsarI dazA meM anubhava kA virodha hogaa|] na ca jainavadavyApakaH nApi bauddhavatkSaNikaH / dezakAlAbhyAmanavacchinnatvAt / tadapyuktam 11. anavacchinnasadbhAvaM vastu yddeshkaaltH| tannityaM vibhu cecchantItyAtmano vibhunityatA // iti /

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286 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe nApi advaitavAdinAmivaikaH / bhogapratiniyamasya puruSabahutva jJApakasya sambhavAt / ( 3 ) jainoM kI taraha AtmA ko avyApaka ( Non-pervading ) bhI nahIM mAna sakate aura ( 4 ) na bauddhoM kI taraha kSaNika hI / deza aura kAla ( Space and Time ) ke dvArA AtmA kI iyattA ( avaccheda, Limit sImA ) nirdhArita nahIM ho sakatI / [ jaina loga AtmA ko avyApaka mAnate haiM arthAt AtmA kI sImA deza ke dvArA nirdhArita ho jAtI hai / parantu AtmA deza ( Space ) ke dvArA nirdhArita nahIM ho sakatI ki vaha amuka deza meM hai, amuka meM nahIM / sthAna se avyApta rahane para vyApaka - avyApaka kA prazna nahIM uThatA, vastutaH AtmA vibhu ( All - pervading ) hai / avyApaka mAnane kA artha hai ki deza ke dvArA AtmA avacchinna ( vyApta ) ho jAtI hai jo abhISTa nahIM / dUsarI ora, bauddha loga AtmA kSaNika mAnate haiM arthAt AtmA kAla ke dvArA avacchinna hai, parantu vAstava meM kAla kI sImA meM AtmA nahIM AtI - yaha nitya hai / ] yaha bhI kahA gayA hai- -'jo vastu deza aura kAla kI iyattA se rahita sattA dhAraNa karatI hai use nitya aura vibhu mAnane kI icchA ve loga karate haiM / isa prakAra AtmA kI vibhutA aura nityatA svIkAra kI jAtI hai / ' ( 5 ) advaitavAdiyoM kI taraha AtmA ko eka ( Manistic ) bhI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / vibhinna bhogoM ( sukha aura duHkha kA sAkSAtkAra ) ke nigama ko dekhakara yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki puruSa kI bahulatA hai / [ vibhinna puruSa vibhinnabhoga bhogate haiM, koI sukha bhogatA hai to koI duHkha / jo phala rAma ko milatA hai vahI mohana ko nahIM - bhogoM ke isa niyama se puruSoM kI anekatA kA anumAna hotA hai / karmoM ke dvArA isakA niyantraNa nahIM hotA / yadi jIva ko eka mAneM to amuka ne yaha karma kiyA aura amuka ne nahIM - aisA kahanA kaThina ho jAyegA, isalie jIvoM ko aneka mAneM / ] nApi sAMkhyAnAmivAkartA / pAzajAlApohane nityaniratizayadRkkriyArUpacaitanyAtmakazivatvazravaNAt / taduktaM zrImanmRgendraH - ' pAzAnte zivatAzruteH' iti / 12. caitanyaM dRkkriyArUpaM tadastyAtmani sarvadA / sarvatazca yato muktau zrUyate sarvatomukham // iti / tattvaprakAze'pi - 13. muktAtmano'pi zivAH kiM tvete yatprasAdato muktAH / so'nAdimukta eko vijJeyaH paJcamantratanuH // iti / ( 6 ) sAMkhyoM kI taraha hama AtmA ko akartA bhI nahIM mAna sakate / jaba pAzoM kA jAla ( samUha ) samApta ho jAtA hai, taba nitya aura niratizaya ( sabase UMcI )

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zaMva-varzanam 287 dRSTizakti aura kriyAzakti ke rUpa meM caitanyAtmaka zivatva kI prApti hotI hai, aisA zrutiyoM meM kahA hai| [ caitanya nitya hai, vaha dRk aura kriyA ke rUpa meM hai, ataH vaha nitya rUpa se kartA hai / baddha jIvAtmAeM apanI indriyoM ke dvArA vibhinna kriyAeM karatI haiM, yaha hama roja dekhate haiM / jo jIva mokSa kI icchA rakhate haiM ve mala, karma Adi pAza-jAla kAvinAza karane ke lie vrata caryA Adi kriyAeM hI to karate haiN| mukta AtmAeM bhI zivatva kI prApti karatI haiM-yaha bhI to karma hI hai, kyoMki zivatva kA artha hotA hai rak aura kriyA ke rUpa meM caitanya / kriyA binA kartA ke sambhava nahIM hai, isalie jIvAtmA kartA hai| ] zrImAn mRgendra ne yahI kahA hai.-'pAzoM kA nAza ho jAne para zivatvaprApti kI bAta zrutiyoM se siddha hai|' ____ 'dRk ( Vision ) aura kriyA ( Action ) ke rUpa meM jo caitanya hai, vaha AtmA meM saba samaya saba taraha se hai, kyoMki mukti hone para sabhI ora mukha ( dvAra, apratihata gati ) vAlA caitanya sunA jAnA hai|' [ tAtparya yaha hai ki mukti mila jAne para jIva kI dRkazakti ( jJAna ) yA kriyAzakti sarvatogAminI bana jAtI hai, use roka nahIM sktaa|] tattvaprakAza meM bhI kahA hai-'mukta AtmAe~ bhI ziva hI haiM, kintu ye jisakI kRpA se mukta huI haiM, vaha anAdikAla se mukta paramezvara eka hI hai, jisakA zarIra pA~ca mantroM kA banA huA smjheN|' (5. jIva ke tIna bheda ) pazustrividha :-vijnyaanaakl-prlyaakl-sklbhedaat| tatra prathamo vijJAnayogasaMnyAsa gena vA karmakSaye sati karmakSayArthasya kalAdibhogabandhasya abhAvAt kevalamalamAtrayukto 'vijJAnAkala' iti vyapadizyate / dvitIyastu pralayena kalAderupasaMhArAnmalakarmayuktaH 'pralayAkala' iti vyvhriyte| tRtIyastu malamAyAkarmAtmakabandhatrayasahitaH 'sakala' iti saMlipyate / pazu tIna prakAra kA hai-(1) vijJAnAkala, (2) pralayAkala aura ( 3 ) sakala / unameM pahalA kevala mala se hI yukta rahatA hai ( anya tIna pAzoM se nahIM ) tathA vijJAnAkala kahalAtA hai, kyoMki isameM vijJAna (paramezvara ke svarUpa kA jJAna ), yoga ( japa, dhyAna Adi ) aura saMnyAsa se athavA bhoga se (= karmaphala kA bhoga kara lene para ) karma kA vinAza ho jAtA hai tathA karmakSaya ke lie bane kalA ( inakA varNana Age hogA ) Adi bhogabandha ( zarIra ) kA abhAva rahatA hai| [ jisameM kalA na ho vaha akala hai| karma kA kSaya ho jAne para unakA phala-bhoga karanevAle zarIra kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI / ataH zarIra ke prayojaka kalA Adi yA indriyoM kA atyanta abhAva ho jAtA hai isalie vaha pazu a-kala hai / cUMki vijJAna ke kAraNa akalatA prApta hotI hai isalie ise vijJAnAkala kahate

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288 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe haiM / ] dUsarA pralayAkala kahalAtA hai kyoMki pralaya ( Dissolution ) ke dvArA isameM kalAdi ( zarIra ke prayojaka ) kA vinAza hotA hai - isameM mala ke sAtha karma bhI ( = kula do pAza ) rahatA hai / tIsarA sakala hai kyoMki isameM mala, mAyA, karma - ye tIna bandhana yA pAza rahate haiM / ( 5 ka. vijJAnAkala jIva ke do bheda ) tatra prathamo dviprakAro bhavati - samAptaka luSAsamAptaka luSa bhedAd / tatrAdyAn kAluSyaparipAkavataH puruSadhaureyAnadhikArayogyAn anugadya anantAdividyezvarASTApadaM prApayati / tadvidyezvarASTakaM nirdiSTaM bahudevatye14. anantazcaiva sUkSmazca tathaiva ca zivottamaH / eka netrastathaivaikarudrazcApi trimUrtikaH // 15. zrIkhaNDazca zikhaNDI ca proktA vidyezvarA ime / iti / unameM pahalA ( vijJAnAla ) do prakAra kA hai - jinakA kaluSa (mala) samApta ho gayA hai tathA jinakA kaluSa samApta nahIM huA hai| jina logoM ke kAluSya yA mala kA vinAza ( paripAka ) ho jAtA hai ve puruSoM meM zreSTha haiM tathA adhikAra ( IzvaraprApti ) ke sarvathA yogya haiM, unheM, anugRhIta ( una para kRpA ) karake unheM ananta Adi vidyazvaroM ke pada para pahu~cAyA jAtA hai [ - inheM hI samAptakaluSa vijJAnAkala jIva kahate haiM ] ATha vidyazvaroM kA nirdeza bahudevatya nAmaka grantha meM isa prakAra huA hai - 'ananta, sUkSma, zivottama, ekatra, ekarudra, trimUrti, zrIkaNTha aura zikhaNDI - ye hI ATha vidyazvara kahe gaye haiM / ' [ ye vidyezvara jIvoM meM sabase UMce haiM, inheM zivatva ko prApti ho jAtI hai / jIva adhika-se-adhika yahI pada pA sakatA hai, yadi jIvAvasthA meM ho| ye mukta nahIM haiM, kevala ziva kA anugraha prApta kiye hue adhikArI haiM / samAptakaluSa se kevala ina vidyazvaroM kA bodha hotA hai / -- anyA - ( tyA ) - saptakoTisaMkhyAtAnmantrAnanugrahakaraNAnvidhatte taduktaM tattvaprakAze 16. pazavastrividhAH proktA vijJAnapralayakevalau sakalaH / malayuktastratAdyo malakarmayuto dvitIyaH syAt // 17. malamAyAkarmayutaH sakalasteSu dvidhA bhavedAdyaH / AdyaH samApta kaluSo'samAptakaluSo dvitIyaH syAt // 18. AdyAnanugRhya zivo vidyezatve niyojayatyaSTau / mantrA~zca karotyaparA~ste coktAH koTayaH sapta / / iti / asamAptakaluSa jIvoM ko [ ziva ] anugraha karanevAle sAta karor3a mantroM kA rUpa de detA hai / [ mantra to karma aura zarIra se mukta rahate haiM, kevala mala unameM rahatA hai, ye aise jIva

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zaiva-darzanam 289 vizeSa haiM / ye saMkhyA meM sAta karor3a haiM tathA dUsare jIvoM para dayA bhI karate haiM / ] tattvaprakAza meM kahA gayA hai 'tIna prakAra ke pazu hote haiM, kevala vijJAna, kevala pralaya tathA sakala / unameM pahalA ( vijJAnAkala ) malayukta hotA hai, dUsarA ( pralayAkAla ) mala aura karma se yukta rahatA hai / sakala meM mala, mAyA aura karma hote haiM / unameM prathama ke do bheda haiM-samAptakaluSa aura asamAptakaluSa / prathama bheda meM par3anevAle jIvoM para ziva kRpA karake vidyazvaroM ke ATha pada pradAna karatA hai jaba ki dUsare bheda meM AnevAle jIvoM ko mantroM kA pada detA hai jo saMkhyA meM sAta karor3a haiM / ' somazambhunApyabhihitam 19. vijJAnAkalanAmaMko dvitIyaH pralayAkalaH / tRtIyaH sakalaH zAstre'nugrAhyastrividho mataH // 20. tatrAdyo malamAtreNa yukto'nyo malakarmabhiH / kalAdibhUmiparyantatastvaistu sakalo yutaH // iti / soma-zambhu ne bhI aisA hI kahA hai- 'eka vijJAnAkala nAma kA hai dUsarA pralayAkala tIsarA sakala / zAstra meM ye tIna prakAra ke anugrAhya ( dayA ke pAtra, jIva ) mAne gaye haiM / unameM prathama kevala mala se hI yukta rahatA hai, dUsarA mala aura karma se yukta hai tathA sakala kalA se lekara bhUmi - paryanta tattvoM ( sAta kalAe, tIna antaHkaraNa, dasa indriyA~, zabdAdi pA~ca tanmAtra, AkAzAdi bhUmiparyanta pAMca tattva = kula 30 tattva ) se yukta rahatA hai|' ( 5 kha. pralayAkala jIva ke do bheda ) pralayAko'pi dvividhaH - pakvapAzadvayastadvilakSaNazca / tatra prathamo mokSaM prApnoti / dvitIyastu puryaSTakayutaH karmavazAnnAnAvidhajanmabhAgbhavati / tadapyuktaM tattvaprakAze 21. pralayAkaleSu yeSAmapakva malakarmaNI vrajantyete / puryaSTakadehayutA yoniSu nikhilAsu karmavazAt / / iti / pralayAkala jIva bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai - jisake do pAza ( mala aura karma ) paripakva ho gaye haiM tathA jisake do pAza paripakva nahIM hue | [ paripakva kA artha hai jo apane kArya ko karane meM asamartha hai| do pAzoM ke paripakva ho jAne se bhoga kI bhI hAni ho jAtI hai aura jIva mukta hotA hai / ] inameM pahale prakAra kA jIva mokSa prApta karatA hai jaba ki dUsarA puryaSTaka ( zarIra ) prApta karake karma ke vaza meM hokara nAnA prakAra ke janma prApta karatA hai / [ puryaSTaka se 'tIsa tattvoM se banA huA hai / ve tattva haiM pAMca mahAbhUta, pA~ca tanmAtra, pA~ca jJAnendriyAM, 19 sa0 saM0 zarIra' artha liyA jAtA pA~ca karmendriyA~, sAta

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290 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe kalAdi, tIna antaHkaraNa-inake vivaraNa ke lie Age dekheN| ] tattvaprakAza meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai-'pralapAkala jIvoM meM jinake mala aura karma paripakva nahIM, ve karma ke vaza meM hokara puryaSTaka ( tIsa tattvoM se banI ) deha dhAraNa karake sabhI yoniyoM meM vicaraNa karate rahate haiN|' puryaSTakamapi tatraiva nirdiSTamsyAtpuryaSTakamantaHkaraNaM dhokarmakaraNAni / iti / vivRtaM cAghorazivAcAryeNa-puryaSTakaM nAma pratipuruSaM niyataH, sargAdA rabhya kalpAntaM mokSAntaM vA sthitaH, pRthivyAdikalAparyantastrizattattvAtmakaH, sUkSmo dehH| tathA coktaM tattvasaMgrahe22. vasudhAdyastattvagaNaH pratipuMniyataH kalAnto'yam / paryaTati karmavazAd bhuvanajadeheSvayaM ca sarveSu // iti / puryaSTaka kA ullekha bhI usI sthAna para huA hai--antaHkaraNa ( mana, buddhi aura ahaMkAra tathA sAta kalAdi ), buddhi ke karma (= jJeya; pAMca bhUta+pA~ca tanmAtra) aura karaNa ( sAdhana arthAt dasa indriyA~, kyoMki ve jJAna aura karma ke sAdhana haiM )-ise puryaSTaka kahate haiN| aghorazivAcArya ne isakA vivaraNa diyA hai-puryaSTaka usa sUkSma deha ko kahate haiM jo pratyeka puruSa ke lie nizcita rahatI hai; sRSTi ke Arambha se lekara kalpa ke anta taka yA mokSa ke anta taka sthira rahatI hai aura pRthvI Adi kalAparyanta tIsa tattvoM se nirmita hotI hai / jaisA ki tattvasaMgraha meM kahA gayA hai-'vasudhA ( pRthivI ) se Arambha karake kalA-paryanta jo tattvoM kA samUha hai vaha pratyeka puruSa ke lie niyata hai tathA karmasiddhAnta ke anusAra vaha bhuvana meM utpanna honevAle ( pazu, pakSI, manuSya Adi ) sabhI jIvoM ke zarIroM meM ghUmatA rahatA hai|' __ tathA cAyamarthaH samapadyata--antaHkaraNazabdena manobuddhacahaMkAravAcinA'nyAnyapi puMso bhogakriyAyAmantaraGgANi kalA-kAla-niyati-vidyA-rAgaprakRti-guNAkhyAni sapta tattvAnyupalakSyante / dhIkarmazabdena jJayAni paJcabhUtAni tatkAraNAni ca tanmAtrANi vivakSyante / karaNazabdena jJAnakarmendriyadazakaM sNgRhyte| ___ isa prakAra yaha artha sampanna huA-'antaHkaraNa' zabda se mana, buddhi aura ahaMkAra kA bodha hotA hai / puruSa kI bhoga-kriyA meM anivArya ( antaraMga ) rUpa se vidyamAna kalA, kAla, niyati ( adRSTa Fate ), vidyA, rAga ( Infatuation viSayAsakti ), prakRti aura guNa-ina sAta tattvoM ko bhI usI se upalakSita ( Include ) kiyA jAtA hai| 'dhokarma' zabda se jJeya pAMca bhUtoM ko aura unake kAraNarUpa pAMca tanmAtroM ko samajhA jAtA

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291 zaiva-darzanam hai| 'karaNa' zabda se jJAna aura karma kI dasa indriyA~ lI jAtI haiM / [ isa taraha kula tIsa tatvoM ko puryaSTaka kahate haiN| ] vizeSa-kalAdi sAta tattvoM se sRSTi kA krama samajhA jAtA hai| samasta sRSTi ke mala meM mAyA-tattva hai jo atyanta sUkSma tathA pralayakAla meM bhI naSTa nahIM honevAlA hai / paramezvara ke sAtha, sRSTi ke Arambha meM, usakA samparka hotA hai aura usameM pariNAma utpanna hote haiM / prathama pariNAma kalA hai jo mAyA kI apekSA kama sUkSma tathA pralayakAla meM naSTa ho jAnevAlI hai / abhI bhI tIna guNoM kI utpatti na hone ke kAraNa yaha guNatraya se bhI pare hai| isake bAda kAla AtA hai jo eka hI hai, bAda meM AnevAlI sabhI cIjeM kAla ke adhIna haiM / tadanantara niyati kI utpatti hotI hai jo vibhinna prakAra kI hai, kyoMki jIva ke dvArA kiye gaye pUrva karmoM ke anusAra kAla ke niyama se, jIvoM se yaha sambaddha rahatI hai| niyati se vidyA utpanna hotI hai, jise citta ke rUpa meM jIva kA guNa bhI mAnate haiN| usake bAda rAga (viSayAsakti ) AtA hai / yaha dveSa kA virodhI tathA jIva kA eka guNa hI hai / upayukta donoM tattva ( vidyA aura rAga ) pratyeka jIva ke lie bhinna-bhinna haiN| taba prakRti (svabhAva ) tattva utpanna hotA hai, taba tIna guNa Ate haiM / ina sAta tattvoM kI utpatti ke bAda hI tIna antaHkaraNa utpanna hote haiN| antaHkaraNa ke pazcAt pAMca sUkSma-tattva ( zabda, rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza-ye tanmAtra ) utpanna hote haiM tathA pA~ca sthUla-tattva (pRthvI Adi pAMca mahAbhUta ) usake bAda Ate haiN| pAMca jJAnendriyoM aura pA~ca karmendriyoM kI utpatti usake bAda hone para sthUla deha banatI hai| yaha sRSTikrama sAMkhyadarzana se bahulAMza meM samAna hai / yahA~ ina tIna tattvoM ko puryaSTaka kahate haiM / nanu zrImatkAlottare-- 23. zabdaH sparzastathA rUpaM raso gandhazca pazcakam / buddhirmanastvahaMkAraH puryaSTakamudAhRtam // iti zrUyate / tatkathamanyathA kathyate ? addhA, ata eva ca tatrabhavatA rAmakANDena tatsUtraM triMzattattvaparatayA vyAkhyAyItyalamatiprapaJcena / ___ aba koI pUcha sakatA hai ki zrImat kAlottara nAmaka Agama meM aisA sunate haiM--zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa, gandha ina pAMcoM kA samUha tathA buddhi, mana aura ahaMkAra-ye milakara puryaSTaka kahalAte haiN| to phira Apa loga yahA~ anya prakAra se ( tIsa tattvoM kA puryaSTaka ) kese kahate haiM ? ThIka hai, isIlie to AdaraNIya rAmakANDa ne uparyukta uddhRta sUtra ( zlokAtmaka ) kI vyAkhyA isa taraha kI hai ki tIsa tattvoM kA abhiprAya nikale-adhika vistAra kyA kareM? vizeSa--puryaSTaka meM do zabda haiM 'puri = zarIre, aSTakam / ' zarIra meM ATha cIjoM __ kA hI vAstava meM grahaNa karanA cAhie kintu mala-zabda ko kauna pUchatA hai ? zabda par3A raha

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292 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe jAtA hai aura artha kahA~ se kahA~ pahu~ca jAtA hai-- puryaSTaka = tIsa tattvoM se nirmita zarIra / koI ATha tattvoM kA nirdeza bhI kare to usakI vyAkhyA meM 30 tattvoM ko sama hita karanA hI hai / tathApi kathamasya puryaSTakatvam ? bhUtatanmAtra buddhIndriyakarmendriyAntaHkaraNasaMjJaiH paJcabhirvagaiH tatkAraNena pradhAnena kalA dipaJcakAtmanA vargeNa cArabdhatvAdityavirodhaH / tatra puryaSTakayutAnviziSTapuNyasaMpannAn kA~zcidanugRhya bhuvanapatitvamatra mahezvaro'nantaH prayacchati / taduktam- kA~zcidanugRhya vitarati bhuvanapatitvaM mahezvarasteSAm // iti / phira bhI ise puryaSTaka kaise kahate haiM ? [ 'puryaSTaka' meM 'ATha' zabda hai jisakA tAtparya kucha-na-kucha to hogA hI / tIsa tattvoMvAle puryaSTaka meM 'aSTa' saMkhyA AI kaise ? ] pradhAna ( isa prakAra yadi avAntara vargoM ke dvArA hama ginAyeM to virodha nahIM hogA - pava mahAbhUta, paJca tanmAtra, pA~ca jJAnendriyAM, pA~ca karmendriyA~ aura tIna antaHkaraNa - ye pA~ca varga hue; aba inake kAraNasvarUpa tIna guNa, = samasta saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa, prakRti ) tathA kalAdi pA~ca tattvoM ( kalA, kAla, niyati, vidyA, rAga ) kA varga-ye tIna varga hue / [ saba milAkara ATha varga ho jAte haiM / phira virodhI kaise ? ] puryaSTaka se yukta tathA vizeSa puNya karanevAle kucha logoM para anugraha ( dayA ) karake mahezvara ananta unheM isI saMsAra se bhuvanapati kA pada dete haiM / jaisA ki kahA gayA hai - 'ina logoM meM kucha puruSoM para dayA karake mahezvara unheM bhuvanapati kA pada de dete / [ yahA~ mahezvara kA artha vidyezvara hai / ] ( 5. ga. 'sakala' jIva ke bheda ) sakalo'pi dvividhaH / pakvakaluSApakvaka luSabhedAt / tatrAdyAnparamezvarastatparipAkaparipATyA tadanuguNazaktipAtena maNDalyAdyaSTAdazottarazata mantrezvarapadaM prApayati / taduktam 24. zeSA bhavanti sakalAH kalAdiyogAdaharmukhe kAle / zatamaSTAdaza teSAM kurute svayameva mantrezAn // 25. tatrASTau maNDalinaH krodhAdyAstatsamAzca vIrezaH / zrIkaNThaH zatarudrAH zatamityaSTAdazAbhyadhikam / iti / sakala bhI do prakAra kA hai - pakvakaluSa ( jinake kaluSa pakva ho gaye haiM ) tathA apakvakaluSa / unameM pakvakaluSa jIvoM ko, paramezvara unake paripAka kI praNAlI ko dekhakara, usake anusAra hI [ dRk aura kriyA ko AcchAdita karanevAlI ] zakti kA hrAsa hone para, maNDalI Adi eka sau aThAraha mantrezvaroM ( eka prakAra ke jIva ) kA pada pradAna karatA hai / [ tAtparya yaha hai ki jaise-jaise mala Adi pAzoM kA paripAka bar3hatA jAtA hai vaise

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zaiva-darzanam 293 vaise hI una pAzoM meM vidyamAna jJAna aura kriyA kI AcchAdana -zakti bhI kSINa hotI jAtI hai / zakti kSINa ho jAne se pAza becAre kucha nahIM kara pAte-rahakara bhI nahIM rahate / aisI dazA meM hI jIva mantrezvara kA pada prApta karatA hai| isake pahale sAta karor3a mantroM kA varNana ho cukA hai, jo jIva hI haiM- usa pada ko prApta karane ke adhikArI ye mantrezvara hI haiM / ] jaisA ki kahA gayA hai - 'avaziSTa jIva ke samaya meM inakA sambandha kalA Adi ke ziva svayaM mantrezvara banA dete haiM / / 24 / / krodhAdi tattva haiM ( = ATha ), 118 mantrezvara haiM / / 25 / ' sakala kahalAte haiM, kyoMki sRSTi ke Arambha sAtha rahatA hai / inameM eka sau aThAraha jIvoM ke inameM ATha to maNDalI kahalAte haiM, phira utane hI vIreza aura zrIkaNTha ke bAda eka sau rudra - isa prakAra kula vizeSa - - aharmukha kAla = sRSTi ke Arambha kA samaya / sRSTi ko dina kahate haiM tathA A pralaya ko rAtri / dina kA mukha arthAt sRSTi kA Arambha / tatparipAkAdhikyAnurodhena zaktyupasaMhAreNa dIkSAkaraNena mokSaprado bhavatyAcAryamUrtimAsthAya paramezvaraH / tadapyuktam 26. paripakvamalA netAnutsAda nahetuzaktipAtena / yojayati pare tattve sa dIkSayAcAryamUrtisthaH // iti / zrImanmRgendre'pi - pUrva vyatyAsitasyANoH pAzajAlamapohati // iti / una pAzoM kA paripAka itanA adhika ho jAtA hai ki unhIM ke Agraha se, rodha-zakti kA sarvathA vinAza ho jAne para, una jIvoM ke lie, AcArya kI mUrti meM praveza karake, paramezvara dIkSA ke dvArA mokSaprada banatA hai / yaha bhI kahA gayA hai - jinake mala pUrNataH paripakva ho jAte haiM, unakI vinAzaka ( utsAdana hetu = jJAna kI vinAzaka ) zakti ko samApta karake, vaha paramezvara AcArya kI mUrti ( zarIra ) meM avasthita hokara dIkSA- dAna karake parama tattva se milA detA hai / ' zrImat mRgendra meM bhI yahI kahA hai--' pahale vyatyAsita ( anAdi saMskAra se mukta kiye gaye) jIva (aNu) ke pAza - jAla ko hI vaha dUra karatA hai / ' vyAkRtaM ca nArAyaNakaNThena / tatsarvaM tata evAvadhAryam / asmAbhistu vistarabhiyA na prastUyate / apakvakaluSAnbaddhAnaNUnbhogabhAjo vidhatte paramezvaraH karmavazAt / tadapyuktam 27. baddhAdeSAnaparAn viniyuGkte bhogabhuktaye puMsaH / tatkarmaNAnugamAdityevaM kIrtitAH pazavaH // iti / nArAyaNakaMTha ne isakI vyAkhyA bhI kI hai / saba kucha vahIM se dekha lenA cAhie / hama yahA~ kevala vistAra ke bhaya se nahIM de rahe haiM / /

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe jina jIvoM ( aNuoM) ke kaluSa paripakva nahIM hue haiM ve baddha haiM / unheM paramezvara karma ke kAraNa bhoga bhogane detA hai / yaha bhI kahA hai- 'avaziSTa bace hue dUsare puruSoM ko, jo apane karmoM meM ba~dhe haiM, paramezvara unake karmoM ke anusAra bhoga bhogane kA vidhAna karatA hai; isa prakAra pazuoM yA jIvoM kA nirUpaNa samApta huA 1 294 ( 6. 'pAza' padArtha kA nirUpaNa ) atha pAzapadArthaH kathyate / pAzazcatuvidhaH - malakarmamAyArodhazaktibhedAt / nanu - 28. zavAgameSu mukhyaM patipazupAzA iti kramAt tritayam / tatra patiH ziva uktaH pazavo hyaNavo'rthapaJcakaM pAzAH // iti pAzaH paJcavidhaH kathyate / tatkathaM catuvidha iti gaNyate ? aba pAza padArtha ke viSaya meM kahA jAtA hai / pAza cAra prakAra ke haiM-mala, karma, mAyA aura rodhazakti / kucha loga AzaMkA karate haiM ki nimnalikhita zloka meM pA~ca prakAra ke pAza batalAye gaye haiM, phira Apa loga cAra hI prakAra kaise ginAte haiM ? - 'zaivAgamoM meM mukhya rUpa se pati, pazu aura pAza ye kramazaH tIna padArtha haiM / unameM pati ziva ko kahate haiM, aNu arthAt jIva pazu haiM aura pA~ca padArtha pAza meM haiM / ' [ isa AzaMkA kA uttara aba diyA jAyagA / ] ucyate--bindormAyAtmanaH zivatattvapadavedanIyasya zivapadaprAptilakSaNaparamamuktyapekSayA pAzatve'pi tadyogasya vidyezvarAdipadaprAptihetutvena aparamuktitvAtpAzatvenAnupAdAnam ityavirodhaH / ata evoktaM tattvaprakAze --' pAzAzcatuvidhAH syuH' iti / zrImanmRgendre'pi - 29. prAvRtIzo balaM karma mAyAkAryaM caturvidham / pAzajAlaM samAsena dharmA nAmnaiva kIrtitAH // iti / AzaMkA kA uttara diyA jAtA hai-mAyA ke rUpa meM jo bindu hai, jise 'zivatattva' bhI kahate haiM [ yahI paMcama pAza hai ] / jisa mukti meM zivapada kI prApti ho jAya vahI parama- mukti hai / isakI apekSA karane se to bindu pAza hI hai kintu isase sambandha hone para kevala vidyezvara Adi ke padoM kI prApti hotI hai / isalie isase kevala apara-mukti hI hotI hai - yahI kAraNa hai ki ise pAza ke rUpa meM nahIM liyA jAtA hai, isa prakAra donoM matoM meM koI virodha nahIM / [ tAtparya yaha hai ki pAMcavAM pAza mAyAtmaka bindu ko mAnate haiM, jisakA dUsarA nAma zivatattva bhI hai| isa pAsa se baddha jIva ko parAmukti, jisameM zivapada kI prApti hotI hai, nahIM milatI / hA~, aparA yA gauNa mukti milatI hai, kyoMki yaha pAza kevala vidyezvara Adi pada hI de sakatA hai / malAdi kI taraha isakI gati sarvatra nahIM hai isalie ise pAza nahIM mAnA jAtA / ]

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zeva-darzanam 295 isIlie tattva-prakAza meM kahA gayA hai-'pAza cAra prakAra ke haiM / ' zrImat mRgendra ne bhI kahA gayA hai-'AvaraNa kA svAmI ( AvRti + Iza = mala ), balavAn ( rodhazakti ), karma tathA mAyA ke kArya-ye pAzajAla haiM, inake dharma inake apane-apane nAma (nirvacana karake ) se hI spaSTa hai [ vyAkhyA kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / ] asyArthaH-prAvRNoti prakarSaNAcchAdayatyAtmanaH svAbhAvikyau dakkriye iti prAvatirazucirmalaH / sa ca'ISTe svAtantryeNeti iishH| taduktam30. eko hyanekazaktirda kriyayozchAdako malaH puNsH| tuSataNDulavajjhayastAmrAzritakAlikAvadvA ||iti / isakA yaha artha hai-(1) prAvaraNa arthAt acchI taraha (pra) AtmA kI svAbhAvika dRk ( jJAna ) aura kriyA kI zaktiyoM ko AcchAdita ( AvaraNa ) kare vaha prAvRti yA apavitra mala hai| sAtha-hI-sAtha jo svatantratApUrvaka zAsana (VIz ) kare vaha Iza hai ( arthAt zAsaka mala hI prAvRtIza hai ) / kahA hai-'jo eka hone para bhI aneka zaktiyoM ( aneka prakAra kI AcchAdanazakti tathA niyAmakazakti ) se yukta hai tathA puruSa ke jJAna aura kriyA ko DhakanevAlA hai, vahI mala hai| isakA jJAna tuSa-taNDula ke sambandha kI tulanA se kareM (AcchAdaka aura AcchAdya kA sambandha, yA tAmra-dhAtu meM sthita kAlikA ( jaMga yA moracA laganA Rust ) kI tulanA se kreN|' ___ balaM rodhshktiH| asyAH zivazakteH pAzAdhiSThAnena puruSatirodhAyakatvAdupacAreNa pAzatvam / taduktam--- 31. tAsAmahaM varA zaktiH sarvAnumAhikA zivA / dharmAnuvartanAdeva pAza ityupacaryate // iti / (2) bala kA artha rodhazakti hai| yaha zivazakti ( vastu kI apanI sAmarthya, jaise agni meM dahanazakti, jala meM zaityotpAdanazakti Adi ) pAza meM adhiSThita hokara puruSa (AtmA ) ke svarUpa ko chipA detI hai, isalie ise aupacArika ( AlaMkArika ) vidhi se pAza mAnate haiM / kahA gayA hai-'inameM maiM sarvazreSTha zakti hU~ aura saboM para dayA karane vAlI zivA ( kalyANamayI ) hU~ / dharma ( Azraya kI vastuoM ke dharma ) ke anusAra calane ke kAraNa ise pAza kahate haiN|' [ jJAna aura kriyA kI zaktiyoM ko DhaMka dene kI sAmarthya hI rodhazakti hai jo mala meM sthita hai| ] ___kriyate phalArthibhiriti karma dharmAdharmAtmakaM bIjAGakuravatpravAharUpeNAnAdi / yathoktaM zrImatkiraNe 32. yathAnAdirmalastasya karmAlpakamanAdikam / yadyanAdina saMsiddhaM vaicitryaM kena hetunA // iti /

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296 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe( 3 ) phala ke icchuka vyakti jo kucha kareM vaha karma hai, jisameM dharma aura adharma donoM hI Ate haiM / bIja aura aMkura kI taraha pravAha ke rUpa meM yaha anAdi kAla se calA A rahA hai / zrImat kiraNa meM kahA gayA hai-'jisa prakAra mala anAdi hai usI prakAra jIva ke jo thor3e se karma haiM ve bhI anAdi hI haiN| yadi karma ko anAdi siddha nahIM kareM to karmoM kI vicitratA kaise siddha kara sakeMge? [ isa samaya jaise vicitra karma dekhate haiM vaisA hI vaha anAdi bhI siddha hotA hai / yadi karma ko Adiyukta mAna leM to usakI vicitratA kA prArambha meM koI kAraNa jarUra denA par3egA / kintu koI bhI hetu dikhalAyA nahIM jA sakatA isalie karma anAdi hI haiM / ] mAtyasyAM zaktyAtmanA pralaye sarva jagatsRSTau vyaktimAyAtIti maayaa| yathoktaM zrImatsaurameye 33. zaktirUpeNa kAryANi tallInAni mhaakssye| vikRtau vyaktimAyAti sA kAryeNa kalAdinA // iti / ( 4 ) pralayakAla meM zakti ke rUpa meM jisameM samUcA saMsAra parimita rahatA hai (/mA ) tathA sRSTikAla meM abhivyakti prApta karatA hai (A+ yA ) vahI mAyA hai| jaisA ki zrImat saurabheya meM kahA gayA hai-mahAkSaya ( pralaya ) hone para zakti ke rUpa meM sAre kArya ( jagat ke padArtha) usI meM vilIna ho jAte haiM aura vikRti ( sRSTi ) kI avasthA meM kAlAdi kArya ke dvArA abhivyakta ho jAte haiN| [ ataH 'mAyA' zabda kI vyutpatti hai/mA + AG upasargasahita /yA+ghaJ ke artha meM ka pratyaya+TAp strIliMga pratyaya / artha hogA-lIna honA aura abhivyakti meM aanaa|] (7. upasaMhAra ) yadyapyatra bahu vaktavyamasti tathApi granthabhUyastvabhayAduparamyate / taditthaM / patipazupAzapadArthAstrayaH prdrshitaaH| 34. patividye tathAvidyA pazuH pAzazca kAraNam / tannivRttAviti proktAH padArthAH SaT smaastH|| ityAdinA prakArAntaraM jJAnaratnAvalyAdau prasiddham / sarva tata evAvagantavyamiti sarva samaJjasam // iti zrImatsAyaNamAdhavIye sarvadarzanasaMgrahe zaivadarzanam //

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297 zeva-darzanam yadyapi yahAM para bahuta kucha kahanA hai tathApi grantha bar3A ho jAne ke bhaya se aba hama yahIM rukeM to isa prakAra pati, pazu aura aura pAza ke tIna padArtha dikhalAye gaye haiM / jJAnaratnAvalI Adi granthoM meM padArthoM kI gaNanA dUsare DhaMga se prasiddha hai-'pati, vidyA, avidyA, pazu aura kAraNa / usa ( kAraNa ) kI nivRtti ke lie chaha padArtha saMkSipta rUpa se kahe gaye haiN|' ve saba bAteM vahIM se jAnI jAye, isa taraha sArI bAteM ThIka haiN| isa prakAra zrImAn sAyaNamAdhava ke sarvadarzanasaMgraha meM zaiva-darzana [ samApta huA ] / iti bAlakavinomAzaGkareNa racitAyAM sarvadarzanasaMgrahasya prakAzAkhyAyAM vyAkhyAyAM zaivadarzanamavasitam //

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8 pratyabhijJA-darzanam svacchandataH sRjati saMsRtimIzvaro'yaM, bhAvAnvibhAsayati cAtmani vimbarUpAn / advaitarUpaviditaM navatattvamatra sAkSAtkRtiM dizati tatparamaM samIhe // -- RSiH ( 1. pratyabhijJA-darzana kA svarUpa ) atrApekSAvihInAnAM jaDAnAM kAraNatvaM duSyatItyaparituSyanto matAntaramanviSyantaH paramezvarecchAvazAdeva jagannirmANaM parighuSyantaH, svasaMvedanopapattyA AgamasiddhapratyagAtmatAdAtmye nAnAvidhamAna meyAdibhedAbhedazAliparamezvaro'nanyamukhaprekSitvalakSaNasvAtantryabhAk svAtmadarpaNe bhAvAnpratibimbavad avabhAsayatIti bhaNanto, bAhyAbhyantaracaryAprANAyAmAtiklezaprayAsakalApavaidhuryeNa sarvasulabhamabhinavaM pratyabhijJAmAtraM parAparasiddhaya pAyamabhyugacchantaH, pare mAhezvarAH pratyabhijJAzAstramabhyasyanti / mahezvara-sampradAya ke hI kucha dUsare dArzanika haiM jo aryukta zeva-darzana se asantuSTa haiM, kyoMki usa darzana ke anusAra apekSArahita ( prayojanazUnya Motiveless ) jar3a padArthoM ko kAraNa mAnA gayA hai jo doSapUrNa hai / [ laukika vyavahAra meM loga kahate haiM ki ghaTa- nirmANa ke kAraNa haiM miTTI, DaMDA, cAka Adi / lekina vastusthiti aisI nahIM hai| na to kevala miTTI se ghaTa banatA hai, na kevala cAka se, na DaMDe se / aba yadi yaha mAneM ki ye saba milakara ghaTa banAte haiM taba prazna hogA ki ghaTa-nirmANa meM kisakI apekSA huI ? miTTI, DaMDe yA cAka kI to apekSA nahIM hai, kyoMki apekSA kisI cetana padArtha meM hI hotI hai / yaha cetana kA dharma hai / aba yadi kumbhakAra ko ghaTa kA kAraNa mAneM ki vaha miTTI Adi kI apekSA rakhate hue ghaTa banAtA hai to ThIka hogA / ThIka yahI udAharaNa saMsAra ke nirmANa meM diyA jA sakatA hai / karma to jar3a padArtha hai, usase saMsAra kA nirmANa kaise ho sakegA ? aba yadi isI udAharaNa ke bala para karmoM kI apekSA rakhanevAle Izvara ko saMsAra kA kAraNa mAneM to ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki aisA hone se saMsAra ke nirmANa meM Izvara pUrNataH svatantra nahIM rahegA / pUrNa svAtantrya kA abhiprAya hai ki kisI dUsarI vastu kI apekSA na rahe / kisI rUpa meM dUsare kA sahArA na le / ]

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pratyabhijJA-parzanam 299 isIlie ye loga kisI dUsare mata kI khoja meM haiN| ye ghoSaNA karate haiM ki paramezvara kI icchAmAtra se saMsAra kA nirmANa hotA hai| apane saMvedana ( anubhava ) ke dvArA anumAna karane se ( upapatti = anumAna ) aura zaivAgamoM se siddha honevAlI, pratyak ( saboM ke Upara Transcendent ) AtmA ke sAtha tAdAtmya (ekarUpatA Identity ) hone para nAnA prakAra ke mAna ( jJAna Cognitions ) aura meya (jJeya Knowable ) Adi ke bhedoM aura abhedoM ko dhAraNa karanevAlA paramezvara hI hai; vaha aisI svatantratA dhAraNa karatA hai jisameM kisI dUsare ko mukhApekSitA ( hastakSepa, AvazyakatA ) nahIM rahatI; vaha apanI AtmA para AkAzAdi bhAvoM ko usI prakAra avabhAsita ( vyakta) karatA hai jisa prakAra kisI darpaNa para pratibimba ( parachAI ) par3atA hai-ina logoM kA yahI mata hai| [ Azaya yaha hai-jisa prakAra darpaNa para pratibimba par3atA hai usI prakAra paramezvara apane hI svarUpa __ meM sRSTi, sthiti, saMhAra Adi saMsAra kI sabhI kriyAoM ko vyakta karatA hai, kyoMki cetana acetana sabhI padArtha paramezvara ke antargata hI haiM, koI usase pRthak nahIM- yahI advaita tattva hai| kintu yahA~ mAyA na mAnakara saba padArthoM kA Izvara meM avabhAsa mAnate haiM, isIlie yaha darzana vastuvAdI pratyayavAda yA Realistic Idealism kahalAtA hai| aba paramezvara ___ ke antargata dekheM-vahA~ vidyamAna padArthoM meM bheda aura abheda donoM haiN| vastuoM meM pAraspa rika bheda hai, saMsAra meM nAnA prakAra ke jJeya padArtha haiM jisake jJAna bhI pRthak-pRthak hote haiM, kintu yaha saMsAra paramezvara se thor3A bhI bhinna nahIM hai| vRkSa eka hai, zAkhAeM bhinna-bhinna haiM--vaise hI Izvara meM bhI bheda aura abheda donoM haiN| yaha paramezvara pratyamAtmA ke sAtha tAdAtmya rakhatA hai para ise jAnate kaise haiM ? yA to anumAna se yA zaivAgamoM ke bala para / 'maiM hI Izvara hU~ dUsarA koI nahIM' ise hI pratyabhijJA kahate haiM kyoMki yahA~ sAkSAtkAra hotA hai-jIva aura Izvara kA tAdAtmya sthira hotA hai| yahI svAnubhAva ('maiM Izvara hU~') anumAna kA AdhAra hai| Izvara kI svatantratA bhI mAnI jAtI hai, vaha apanI icchA se hI saMsAra ko banA aura miTA sakatA hai| ] ____bAhya-caryA ( bhasmasnAnAdi ), Abhyantara-caryA (krAthanAdi), prANAyAma Adi klezaprada prayAsoM se dUra rahakara, aba logoM ke lie sulabha, bilkula navIna, pratyabhijJA mAtra ko hI parasiddhi ( mukti) aura aparasiddhi ( abhyudaya, svargaprApti Adi ) mAnate hue ye mahezvarasiddhAntavAle pratyabhijJAzAstra kA abhyAsa karate haiM / 1. ato'sau paramezAnaH svAtmavyomanyanargalaH / iyataH sRSTisaMhArADambarasya prakAzakaH // nirmale mukure yadvad bhAnti bhUmijalAdayaH / amizrAstadvadekasmiMzcinnAthe vizvavRttayaH // tantrAloka ( 2 / 3-4 ) /

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ( 2. pratyabhijJA-darzana kA sAhitya ) tasyeyattApi nyarUpi parIkSakaH1. sUtraM vRttivivRtirladhvI bRhatItyubhe vishinyau| prakaraNavivaraNapaJcakamiti zAstraM prtybhijnyaayaaH|| parIkSakoM ( adhikAriyoM) ne isa zAstra kI sImA ( iyattA ) kA bhI vicAra kiyA hai-'sUtra ( saMkSepa meM artha ko samajhanA ), vRtti ( sambaddha artha kA kathana ) vivRti (vivaraNa, dUsare zabdoM ke dvArA artha-varNana), laghu aura bRhat do prakAra kI vimarzinI (kucha aura adhika vicAra karanA), ye pA~ca prakAra ke prakaraNa (prasaMgabodhaka yA ekArthapratipAdaka granthAMza ) aura vivaraNa ( vyAkhyAnagrantha kI vyAkhyA ) pratyabhijJA ke zAstra ( sAhitya ) haiN| vizeSa-pratyabhijJA-darzana kA vAstava meM trika-darzana nAma honA cAhie, kyoMki isIse pUre darzana kA bodha ho jAtA hai / 'spanda' aura 'pratyabhijJA' to isake kevala aMgamAtra haiM, bhale hI ve Avazyaka hI kyoM na hoN| trika nAma par3ane meM yaha kahA jAtA hai ki 92 AgamoM meM kevala tIna-siddhA, nAmaka aura mAlinI kI pradhAnatA hone ke kAraNa (tantrAloka 1135 ), yA para, apara aura parApara ke trikoM kA varNana karane ke kAraNa (vahI, 17-21), yA abhedavAda ke Aloka meM abheda, bheda aura bhedAbheda tInoM kA varNana karane ke kAraNa isakA nAma trika par3A ho / kAzmIra meM hI sabhI graMthakAroM ke utpanna hone ke kAraNa ise kAzmIrI zaiva-siddhAnta bhI kahate haiN| kAzmIra meM isa darzana kA bahuta pracAra thA, kintu gata 100 varSoM se isakI paramparA vahA~ bhI samApta ho gaI hai / smaraNIya hai ki hindI ke suprasiddha kavi aura nATakakAra zrI jayazaMkara 'prasAda' ke parivAra meM bhI isI trika-darzana kA pracAra thA jise unhoMne apane yuga-pravartaka mahAkAvya 'kAmAyanI' meM amara kara diyA hai| trika darzana zaiva-siddhAnta kA hI eka bheda hai, kintu advaitavAdI vicAroM se paripUrNa hai| aisI mAnyatA hai ki parama ziva ne apane pAMca mukhoM se utpanna zivAgamoM kI dvaitavAdI vyAkhyA dekhakara advaita tattva ke pracAra ke lie durvAsA RSi ko apanA kAryabhAra sauNpaa| durvAsA ne apane tIna mAnasa putra utpanna kiye aura unheM tIna upadeza diye--tryamba ko advaita darzana kA, Amardaka ko dvaita kA tathA zrInAtha ko dvaitAdvaita darzana kA upadeza diyaa| tryambaka ke dvArA pacArita hone ke kAraNa isa darzana ( advaitavAdI trika) ko trayambaka darzana bhI kahate haiM jisase somAnanda (850 I0 ) apane ko tryambaka se 19vIM pIr3hI meM rakhatA hai / bahuta sambhava hai trika-darzana kA AvirbhAva paMcama zataka meM huA ho| donoM kI vicAradhArA eka hone para bhI spanda aura pratyabhijJA ke sAhitya pRthak-pRthak haiM, parantu donoM ko prAyaH milAkara hI rakhate haiN| pratyabhijJA-darzana ke pAMca prakaraNa

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pratyabhijJA-darzanam 301 vivaraNa granthoM meM ye haiM-sUtra, vRtti, vivRti, laghuvimarzinI, bRhadvimazinI / prathama tIna kI racanA utpala ne kI aura antima donoM abhinavagupta kI racanAeM haiN| isa prakAra saMkSepataH do AcArya hI pratyabhijJA darzana ke sarvasva haiM / DA0 kAnticandra pANDeya ( abhinavagupta-aitihAsika aura dArzanika adhyayana, pR0 83 ) kA kahanA hai ki donoM ke pUrvaja kAzmIra ke bAhara ke nivAsI the| somAnanda kI cauthI pIr3hI ke pUrvaja ise kAzmIra meM aSTama zataka ke madhya meM le Aye the tathA abhinavagupta ko lalitAditya nAmaka kAzmIra nareza prAyaH 740 I0 ke bAda kAzmIra le gaye the| taba se donoM ke pUrvaja vahIM basa gaye the / ukta donoM AcAryoM ke pUrva trika kA pravartana vasugupta (825 I0 ) ne kiyA thA jinase spanda-zAkhA kA Arambha hotA hai| vasugupta ( 825 I0 ) ne apane 'zivasUtra' meM tAMtrika zaivamata ko advaitavAdI rUpa diyA / rAjataraMgiNI ( 5 / 66 ) meM inheM siddha kahA gayA hai tathA inake ziSya kallaTa ko avantivarmA ( 855-883 I0 ) kA samakAlika mAnA gayA hai| kSemarAja ne zivasUtravimazinI meM kahA hai ki vasugupta ko svapna huA thA ki vaha mahAdeva giri ke eka vizAla zilAkhaNDa para utkIrNa zivasUtroM kA uddhAra kare / ye 77 zivasUtra hI isa darzana ke mUla haiM jo tIna khaNDoM meM baTe haiM / isane aura bhI kaI pustakeM likhIM, jaise--spandakArikA, spandAmRta, gItA kI vAvI TIkA tathA siddhAnta-candrikA / kallaTa ( 855 I0 ) ne spandakArikA para spandasarvasva TIkA likhI tathA tatvArthacintAmaNi aura spandasUtra bhI isake likhe grantha haiM / rAmakaNTha ( 950 I0 ) ne spandavivaraNasAramAtra nAmaka grantha likhA jo spandakArikA kI TIkA hai / bhAskarAcArya ( abhinava ke samakAlika ) ke sAtha spanda zAkhA kA itihAsa samApta hotA hai yadyapi abhinava ke bAda bhI kucha-na-kucha TIkAeM likhI gaI / pratyabhijJA zAkhA kA pravartana somAnanda ( 850 I0 ) ne apanI zivadRSTi' ke dvArA kiyaa| isameM sAta adhyAyoM meM 700 zloka haiN| spanda-zAkhA meM pracalita rUr3hivAda ke viruddha isameM tarkavAda kI pratiSThA huI hai| inake putra aura ziSya utpala ( 900 I0) the jinhoMne IzvarapratyabhijJA-kArikA, IzvarapratyabhijJA-vRtti, Izvara-pratyabhijJA-TIkA, stotrAvalI Adi prAyaH 11 grantha likhe| pratyabhijJA kA dArzanika vivecana sarvaprathama inhoMne hI kiyA / lakSmaNagupta utpala ke putra aura ziSya bhI the jinheM abhinavagupta (950-1020 I0) ke samAna bahumukhI pratibhAvAle ziSya ko utpanna karane kA gaurava prApta hai| abhinavagupta kA nAma darzana aura sAhitya donoM hI kSetroM meM prasiddha hai| inake pitA kA nAma narasiMhagupta thA jinase inhoMne vyAkaraNa par3hA thaa| ____abhinavagupta ne prAyaH pacAsa grantha vibhinna viSayoM ke likhe| sAhityika granthoM meM dhvanyAloka kI TIkA locana tathA nATayazAstra kI TIkA abhinava-bhAratI atyanta prasiddha haiM / trika-darzana para inake ye suprasiddha grantha haiM-mAlinI-vijayavArtika, parAtrizikA vivRti,

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302 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe tantrAloka, tantrasAra, paramArthasAra, Izvara- pratyabhijJAvirmASanI, Izvara-pratyabhijJA-vivRtavimarzanI ityAdi / abhinavagupta para vizeSa jJAna ke lie DA0 kAnticandra pANDeya kI pustaka ( caukhambA se prakAzita ) dekheM / abhinava ke ziSya kSemarAja ( 975-1050 I0 ) ne bhI guru kI taraha hI tantra, kAvyazAstra aura zevadarzana para grantha likhe / zaivadarzana para spanda- sandoha, spandanirNaya, pratyabhijJAhRdaya, zivasUtravirmAzinI Adi inake vikhyAta grantha haiM / inake ziSya yogarAja ( 1075 I0 ) ne abhinava ke paramArtha-sAra para vivRti likhI / tantrAlokapara sarvaprathama TIkA subhaTadatta ( 1200 I0 ) ne likhI thI yadyapi jayaratha ( 1225 I0 ) kI suvizAla 'TIkA viveka' ke samakSa usakI kIrti manda par3a gaI / bhAskarakaNTha ( 1750 I0 ) ne abhinava kI pratyabhijJAvirmAzanI para ekamAtra upalabdha TIkA likhI jisakA nAma bhAskarI hai / isake atirikta inhoMne 14vIM zatI meM kisI strI ke dvArA prAcIna kAzmIrI bhASA meM likhita lallA vAkya saMskRta meM anuvAda kiyA aura yogavAsiSTha para TIkA likhI / varadarAja ne vasugupta ke zivasUtroM para vArtika likhA hai / isa prakAra kAzmIrI zaiva darzana meM vipula sAhitya hai jo apane AloDana ke lie vidvAnoM kA nirantara AvAhana karatA hai / ( 3. prathama sUtra kI vyAkhyA ) tatredaM prathama sUtram - 2. kathaMcidAsAdya mahezvarasya dAsyaM janasyApyupakAramicchan / samastasampatsamavAptihetuM tatpratyabhijJAmupapAdayAmi // iti / unameM yahI prathama sUtra hai ( vAstava meM pratyabhijJAsUtra para abhinavagupta kI TIkA kA maMgalAcaraNa hai ) - ' kisI prakAra mahezvara ke dAsa kA pada pAkara aura logoM kA upakAra karane kI icchA se sArI sampattiyoM kI prApti karanevAle pratyabhijJA - zAstra kA maiM Arambha kara rahA hU~ / ' rUpa meM unhoMne saMsAra kA bar3A Arambha meM hI yaha zloka diyA vizeSa - abhinavagupta bahuta bar3e tAMtrika bhI the aura unakA mahezvara kI dAsatA svIkAra karanA sarvathA ucita hai / tAntrika aura saMnyAsI ke bhArI kalyANa kiyA thA / pratyabhijJAsUtra para vimarzanI ke gayA hai / yaha smaraNIya hai ki nakulIza - pAzupatadarzana meM jahA~ upahAsa kiyA gayA hai vahA~ eka mAhezvara Izvara kI dAsatA prApta anubhava karate haiM tathA pA lene para garvapUrvaka isakA ullekha karate haiM / kI vyAkhyA meM sAre darzana kA vipulAMza samajhAyA jAyagA / vaiSNavoM kI Izvara - dAsatA kA karane meM kaThinAI kA isake bAda isI sUtra kathaviditi - paramezvarAbhinnagurucaraNAravindayugalasamArAdhanena paramezvaraghaTitena evetyarthaH / AsAdyeti - A samantAtparipUrNatayA sAdayitvA,

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pratyabhizA-darzanam svAtmopabhogyatAM nirargalAM gamayitvA / tadanena viditavedyatvena parArthazAstrakaraNe'dhikAro darzitaH / anyathA pratAraNameva prasajyeta / jJAna ke viSaya meM koI hai kathaMcit kA yaha artha hai-- guru jo paramezvara se bhinna nahIM hai, usake donoM caraNakamaloM kI ArAdhanA karake; yaha ArAdhanA bhI paramezvara ke svIkAra karane para hI hotI hai / AsAdya kA artha hai -A arthAt cAroM ora se yA pUrNarUpa se pAkara ( /sad + Nic ), yA nirbaMndha rUpa se apanI AtmA ke upabhoga karane kI yogyatA pAkara / [ abhiprAya yaha hai ki AtmA ko bandhanarahita upabhoga prApta hotA hai / yaha upabhoga hai pratyabhijJA ke prakAzana aura paropakAra ke dvArA prApta mAnasika santoSa / abhinavagupta AtmA kI upabhogyatA yA santuSTi prApta kara cuke haiM isIlie pratyabhijJA - zAstra likhane kA upakrama kara rahe haiM / saMtoSa tabhI hogA jaba jAnane lAyaka sArI vastue jAna cuke hoM, bandhana nahIM ho / ] isa prakAra isa zabda se yaha dikhAyA jAtA jAna lene ke bAda hI paropayogI ( padArtha ) zAstra nirmANa karane kA nahIM to ) jJAna ke abhAva meM ( logoM ko ThaganA hI bhara ho sakatA hai / [ yaha Azaya hairAjA ke dvArA adhikAra mila jAne para naukara apanI naukarI ke adhikAra kA icchApUrvaka upabhoga karatA hai / sUtrakAra ne bhI apanI icchA ke anusAra Izvara kI dAsatA prApta kI hai jo unake upabhoga ke yogya hai aura jisameM kahIM koI rukAvaTa nahIM / ve sAre jJeya padArtha jAna cuke haiM, isase apane adhikAra kA upabhoga acchI taraha kara sakate haiM, - paropakAra kA kAma kara sakate haiM, pratyabhijJA -zAstra likha sakate haiM ityAdi / jo apanA adhikAra nahIM jAnate, ve kevala dUsaroM ko Thagate haiM, vAstava meM unheM grantha likhanA nahIM cAhie / yadi grantha likhate haiM to galata bAtoM kA bhI to pratipAdana kara sakate haiM aura isa prakAra ve zAstra par3hanevAloM ko mArga se bhraSTa kareMge / ] ki sArI jJeya vastueM adhikAra milatA hai / 303 mAyottIrNA api mahAmAyAdhikRtA viSNuviriJcyAdyA yadIyaizvaryalezena IzvarIbhUtAH sa bhagavAnanavacchinnaprakAzAnandasvAtantryaparamArtho mahezvaraH / tasya dAsyam / dIyate'smai svAminA sarvaM yathAbhilaSitamiti dAsaH / paramezvarasvarUpasvAtantryapAtramityarthaH / viSNu, viraci (brahma) Adi devatA yadyapi mAyAM ko pAra kara cuke haiM, parantu mahAmAyA ( ananta mAyA ) ke adhIna haiM / jisa zakti ke aizvarya ke kevala leza ( alpAMza ) se ye devatA Izvara ke rUpa meM mAne jAte haiM vahI bhagavAn ( aizvarya se yukta ) mahezvara haiM jo asIma ( anavacchinna) prakAza, Ananda tathA svAtantrya ke rUpa meM hai tathA paramatattva bhI yahI hai / usa mahezvara kI dAsatA ( pAkara... ) / dAsa use kahate haiM jise svAmI kI ora se sArI abhISTa vastueM dI jAtI haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM yaha kaheMge ki dAsa paramezvara ke hI svarUpa -- svataMtratA - kA pAtra hotA hai / [ paramezvara kI svataMtratA kA thor3A aMza

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304 sarvadarzanasaMgrahedAsa ko bhI prApta hotA hai| paramezvara ke svarUpa meM ye haiM-prakAza, Ananda, svAtantrya / yahI paramatattva yA paramArtha ( Ultimate Reality ) hai| ye kisI bhI padArtha ke dvArA vyApta nhiiN|] janazabdenAdhikAriviSayaniyamAbhAvaH prAzi / yasya yasya hIdaM svarUpakathanaM tasya tasya mahAphalaM bhavati / prajJAnasyaiva paramArthaphalatvAt / tathopadiSTaM zivadRSTau paramagurubhirbhagavatsomAnandanAthapAda : 2. ekavAraM pramANena zAstrAdvA guruvaakytH| ___jJAte zivatve sarvastha pratipattyA dRDhAtmanA // 4. karaNena nAsti kRtyaM kvApi bhAvanayApi vaa| ___ jJAte suvarNe karaNaM bhAvanAM vA parityajet / / iti / 'jana' zabda se adhikArI banane ke vizeSa niyamoM kA abhAva vyakta hotA hai| [jana kA artha hai sAmAnya vyakti / anya darzanoM meM jahAM zAstra sunane ke lie kar3e-kar3e niyama banAye gaye haiM, vahIM pratyabhijJA kA dvAra janasAdhAraNa ke lie khulA hai / mumukSu koI bhI ho, pratyabhijJA-zAstra sune / bhasma meM snAna, vrata Adi kisI niyama kI AvazyakatA nahIM / ' ] jisa kisI vyakti ko mahezvara ke isa svarUpa kA jJAna karAyA jAya, mahAn phala kI prApti hotI hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki prakRSTa jJAna (pratyabhijJA ) se hI paramArtha kA phala prApta hotA hai| [ mahezvara ke svarUpa kA kathana isa prakAra hotA hai-'yaha saba kucha mahezvara hI hai', jisa vyakti ko aisI bAta batalAyI jAtI hai vaha jAna letA hai ki 'maiM hI mahezvara haiN'| isa advaita tattva kA sAkSAtkAra kara lenA hI paramArtha hai, mahAphala hai jo mumukSuoM ko prApta hotA hai| ____zivadRSTi 'nAmaka apane grantha meM paramaguru ( zAstra-pravartaka ) bhagavAn pUjya zrI somAnandanAtha ne yahI kahA hai-'jaba eka bAra pramANoM ke dvArA, zAstra ( pratyabhijJA ) ke dvArA yA guruoM kI vANI ke dvArA dRr3ha AtmA se pratipatipUrvaka ( vizvAsapUrvaka ) sarvatra 1. IzvarapratyabhijJAvimarzinI ( 21276 ) se sUcita hotA hai ki zAstrAdhyayana ke lie jAti-pAti kA koI bandhana nhiiN| phira bhI adhyayana ke lie chaha vaidika darzanoM aura vedAGgoM kA adhyayana pahale se ho, kyoMki isa darzana meM saboM kI AlocanA hai / isake atirikta bhI kahA haiyo'dhItI nikhilAgameSu padavidyo yogazAstrazramI, ___ yo vAkyArthasamanvaye kRtaratiH zrIpratyabhijJAmRte / yastarkAntaravizrutazrutatayA dvaitAdvayajJAnavit sosminsyAdadhikAravAnkalakalaprAyaH pareSAM ravaH // ( Dr. K. C. Pandey, Abhinavagupta, pp. 171-2.)

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pratyabhijJA- darzanam 305 sthita ziva-tattva kA jJAna ho jAtA hai taba na to kisI karaNa ( pramANAdi sAdhana ) kA koI kAma ( AvazyakatA ) hai aura na bhAvanA kA hI / suvarNa kA jJAna ho jAne para karaNa aura bhAvanA ko loga chor3a hI dete haiM / ' vizeSa - bhAvanA kA artha hai - paryAlocanA yA vizeSa guNoM kA cintana | isa sthAna para 'maiM ziva hU~' isa prakAra kA nirantara cintana karanA bhAvanA hai / jaba ziva kA sardasvarUpa meM jJAna ho jAtA hai taba usake jJAna ke pramANoM kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI aura na ukta cintana yA bhAvanA vyApAra kI hI / jaba taka 'yaha suvarNa hai' isa rUpa meM suvarNa kA jJAna nahIM ho jAtA taba taka usake jJAna ke sAdhana kasauTI - patthara ( touch-stone ) Adi cIjeM le Ate haiM / koI vyakti kisI cIja ko a-suvarNa samajhakara tyAganA cAhatA ho aura hama use kaheM ki yaha suvarNa ke hI rUpa meM bhAvanIya hai to yaha bhAvanA huI / suvarNajJAna ho jAne para na to kasauTI kI jarUrata hai aura na suvarNa - bhAvanA kI / rogamukti ke bAda auSadhi kA kyA kAma ? ( 3 ka. 'api' aura 'upa' zabdoM ke artha ) apizabdena svAtmanastadabhinnatAmAviSkurvatA pUrNatvena svAtmani parArtha sampattyatiriktaprayojanAntarAvakAzazca parAkRtaH / parArthazca prayojanaM bhavatyeva / tallakSaNayogAt / na hyayaM devazApaH 'svArtha eva prayojanaM na parArtha' iti / ata evoktamakSapAdena - 'yamarthadhikRtya pravartate tatprayojanam' (gau0 sU0 1 / 1 / 24 ) iti / 'api' zabda ke dvArA, apanI AtmA kI abhinnatA usa mahezvara se sthApita karanevAle pUrNatva ke kAraNa, apanI hI AtmA meM paropakAra kA kArya sampAdita karane ke atirikta kisI anya prayojana kI sambhAvanA samApta ho jAtI hai / [ abhiprAya yaha hai ki AtmA aura mahezvara eka hI hai / abhinavagupta sabhI logoM ko mahezvara ke samIpa pahu~cAnA cAhate haiM ( upakAra = samIpa le jAnA ) arthAt dAsa kA pada denA cAhate haiM / svayaM to dAsya pA hI cuke haiM, logoM ko bhI denA cAhate haiM / isa prakAra 'api' ke dvArA unakI apanI pratyabhijA yA sAkSAtkAra kA artha samajhA jAtA hai / dAsya - prApti ke lie sUtrakAra ne paramezvara ke sAtha apanI abhinnatA kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai--usa artha kI prApti isa 'api' ke dvArA ho jAtI hai / phalata: aba sUtrakAra ko kevala paropakAra hI sUjhatA hai / aba svArtha kI bhAvanA to rahI nahIM -- isalie paropakAra ke atirikta sAre prayojanoM kA khaNDana hI 'api ' ke dvArA hotA hai / 'api' se eka hI sAtha kaI cIjeM jJAta ho jAtI haiM / ] [ zAstra kA ] prayojana paropakAra to ho hI sakatA hai kyoMki paropakAra ke lakSaNAM kI prApti prastuta sthala meM ho jAtI / yaha kisI devatA kA zApa nahIM hai ki manuSya kA prayojana jaba hogA taba svArtha hI, paramArtha nahIM / [ bahuta se vyakti nisvArtha bhAva se para 20 sa0 saM0

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306 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe mArtha ( paropakAra ) meM lage haiM / ] prayojana kA lakSaNa karate hue akSapAda ( gautama ) apane nyAyasUtra meM kahate haiM - 'jisa ( upAdeya yA tyAjya ) vastu ko lakSita karake [ usakI prApti yA tyAga ke lie manuSya ] upAya karatA hai vahI usakA prayojana kahalAtA hai / ' ( nyAyasUtra 1 / 1 / 24 ) | [ aisI sthiti meM yadi manuSya kA abhISTa - upAdeya - paropakAra ho to vahI prayojana hai, isameM sandeha kI kyA bAta hai ? ] upazabdaH sAmopyArthaH / tena janasya paramezvarasamIpatAkaraNamAtraM phalam ata evAha - samasteti / paramezvaratAlAbhe hi sarvAH sampadastanniSyandamayyaH sampannA eva, rohaNAcalalAbhe ratnasampada iva / evaM paramezvaratAlA bhe kimanyatprArthanIyam ? 'upa' zabda artha hai samIpa AnA / isaliye yaha jJAta hotA hai ki pratyabhijJA-zAstra kA phala kevala paramezvara ke samIpa kara denA hI hai aura kucha nahI / isIlie Age kahA hai'samastasampatsamavAptihetum' / paramezvara kA pada pA lene para hI sArI sampattiyA~ usa ( paramezvara ) ke niSyanda ( pravAhita vastu ) ke rUpa meM nikalakara prApta ho jAtI haiM jisa prakAra rohaNAcala ( meruparvata jisameM ratna ke maidAna haiM aura jo svayaM svarNa kA hI hai ) ke mila jAne para ratnasampattiyA~ prApta hotI haiM / isa prakAra paramezvara kA pada mila jAne para aura kauna-sI aisI vastu hai jisake lie prArthanA kI jAya ? taduktamutpalAcAryai: 6. bhaktilakSmIsamRddhAnAM kimanyadupayAcitam / etayA vA daridrANAM kimanyadapayAcitam // iti / itthaM SaSThIsamAsapakSe prayojanaM nirdiSTam / bahuvrIhipakSe tUpapAdayAmaH / jaisA ki utpalAcArya ne kahA hai- 'bhakti rUpI lakSmI se samRddha puruSoM ke lie kaunasI dUsarI cIja hai jisake lie ve prArthanA kareM ? aura jo vyakti usa ( bhaktirUpI dhana ) se rahita haiM unake lie kauna-sI vastu tyAjya hai ? [ bhakti se rahita vyakti kI yAcanA sabhI vastuoM ke lie hotI hai- yAcanA kI iyattA to kahIM hai hI nahIM / Demands are never fuililled. ] isa prakAra 'samasta ''samavAptihetu' meM paSThI tatpuruSa samAsa mAnane para prayojana dikhalAyA gayA / [ paSThIsamAsa --' sArI sampattiyoM kI prApti kA kAraNa' / bahuvrIhi samAsa'sArI sampattiyoM kI prApti hI jisakA hetu ( lakSya ) hai / ] bahuvrIhi samAsa mAna lene para jo sthiti hogI usakA nirNaya aba karate haiM / www samastasya bAhyAbhyantarasya nityasukhAderyA sampatsiddhi: tathAvatprakAzaH, tasyAH samyagavAptiryasyAH pratyabhijJAyAH hetuH sA tathoktA / tasya mahezva

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pratyabhijJA-darzanam 307 rasya pratyabhijJA, prati Abhimukhyena, jJAnam / loke hi sa evAyaM caitra iti pratisandhAnenAbhimukhIbhUte vastuni jJAnaM pratyabhijJeti vyvhriyte| ihApi prasiddhapurANAsiddhAgamAnumAnAdijJAtaparipUrNazaktike paramezvare sati svAtmani abhimukhIbhUte tacchaktipratisandhAnena jJAnamudeti nUnaM sa eveshvro'hmiti| [bahuvrIhi-pakSa meM artha- ] bAharI yA bhItarI sabhI prakAra ke nitya-sukha Adi sampadAoM kI siddhi arthAt unake vAstavika svarUpa kA prakAzana hotA hai| ukta siddhi yA prakAzana ko acchI taraha se prApta kara lenA hI jisa pratyabhijJA kA hetu ( lakSya ) hai vaha [pratyabhijJA hI 'samastasampatsamavAptihetuH' ke dvArA vyakta hotI hai ] / usa mahezvara kI pratyabhijJA kA artha hai-ti arthAt abhimukha hokara jJAna prApta karanA / laukika vyavahAra meM 'yaha bar3I cetra hai' isa prakAra pratisandhAna ( bItI bAta kA sambandha jor3anA) karake sammukha bAI huI vastu kA jJAna prApta karane ko 'pratyabhijJA' ( Recognition pahacAnanA) kahakara pukArate haiN| ... yAhI thI paramezvara kI sattA mAnate haiM jisa ( paramezvara ) kI paripUrNa zakti ko prasiddha purANoM, siddha AgamoM aura anumAnAdi pramANoM se jAnate haiN| jaba AtmA hamAre sammula mAtI hai taba paramezvara kI zakti kA sambandha isase jor3a lete haiM (pratisandhAna ), isase jJAta utpanna hotA hai ki sacamuca maiM bhI vahI Izvara huuN| [ pratyabhijJA kisI bItI bAta ke AdhAra para hotI hai| yahAM vaha bItI bAta hai Izvara kI AgamAnumAnasiddhi sattA / isI ke AdhAra para AtmA meM Izvara kI pratyabhijJA ( sAkSAtkAra ) kara lete haiM / yahI pratyabhijJA-darzana nAma par3ane kA kAraNa hai| hama Upara dekha cuke haiM ki pratyabhijJA kevala eka Avazyaka tattva mAtra hai, pUre darzana kA nAma isa para par3a jAnA ThIka nahIM / ] tAmetAM pratyabhijJAmupapAdayAmi / upapattiH sambhavaH / sambhavatIti tatsamarthAcaraNena prayojakavyApAreNa sampAdayAmItyarthaH / [sUtra kI vyAkhyA kA upasaMhAra karate hue kahate haiM ki ] ukta guNoM se yukta pratyabhijJA kA Arambha kara rahA hU~ / upapatti kA yahA~ artha hai sambhava ( utpatti karanA ) / sambhava ho rahA hai = maiM [ pratyabhijJA-zAstra kI racanA kI ] sAmarthya vyakta karavAnevAle AcaraNa se yukta prayojaka ( sUtrakAra, kAma karAnevAlA ) kI kriyA ke dvArA isakI sthApanA kara rahA huuN| sUtrakAra yahA~ para prayojaka hai, apane vyApAra meM vaha lagA hai ki loga isa zAstra ko pddh'e| usakA vyApAra yahI hai ki pratyabhijJA ke upapAdana ke anukUla AcaraNa kre| pratyabhijJA tabhI sambhava hai jaba isakI pratibandhaka viparIta bhAvanAoM kA vinAza kara diyA jAya / dRSTAnta ke lie agni ko leM / zItakAla meM ThaNDaka bar3ha jAne para adhyayana karane meM asamartha chAtra bAga pAsa meM rakhakara adhyayana karate haiN| taba aisA kahA jAtA hai ki Aga ho

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308 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe unheM par3hA rahI hai / agni yahA~ prayojaka kartA hai, isakA vyApAra yahI hai ki adhyayana karane meM chAtroM ko samartha banA de jisameM use zIta kA nivAraNa karanA par3atA hai| usI prakAra prayojaka sUtrakAra pratyabhijJAzAstra ko apane vyApAra se abhivyakti ke samartha banAtA hai aura virodhI bhAvanAoMkA bahiSkAra karatA hai ] (4. pratyabhijJA ke pradarzana kI AvazyakatA ) yadIzvarasvabhAva evAtmA prakAzate, tahi kimanena pratyabhijJApradarzanaprayAseneti cet-tatrAyaM samAdhiH / svaprakAzatayA satatamavabhAsamAne'pyAtmani mAyAvazAd bhAgena prakAzamAne pUrNatAvabhAsasiddhaye dakakriyAtmakazaktyAviSkaraNena pratyabhijJA pradarzyate / [ yaha prazna ho sakatA hai ki ] yadi Izvara ke svarUpa ( = caitanya ) ke rUpa meM hI AtmA prakAzita hotI hai ( arthAt yadi caitanya hI AtmA ke rUpa meM vyakta hotA hai ) to pratyabhijJA ( AtmA dvArA Izvara kA sAkSAtkAra ) ko pradarzita karane kA yaha itanA parizrama vyartha kiyA jA rahA hai [ Azaya yaha hai ki AtmA aura Izvara meM ekatA yadi pahale hI se siddha hai aura AtmA Izvara kA apanA rUpa hI hai to apane Apa vaha vyakta ho jAyagI, usake dvArA Izvara ko pahacAne jAne kI bAta to bilkula vyartha hai / ] isakA yaha samAdhAna hai--AtmA apanI prakAzana zakti ke kAraNa nirantara avabhAsita ( vyakta ) hotI rahatI hai, phira bhI mAyA ke kAraNa usakA yaha prakAzana aMzataH hI hotA hai| [ AtmA meM caitanya kA prakAzana hotA hai kintu pUrNa caitanya kA nahIM; pUrNa caitanya Izvara meM hai| AtmA meM mAyA ke kAraNa hI pUrNa caitanya kA prakAzana nahIM hotaa| sAdhAraNa vyaktiyoM kA AMzika caitanya kA avabhAsa hotA hai ] isalie pUrNatA ke avabhAsa kI siddhi ke lie dRkzakti aura kriyAzakti kA AviSkAra karake pratyabhijJA kA pradarzana hotA hai / [ pratyabhijJA niSphala nahIM hai| jisa samaya jJAna aura kriyA donoM prakAra kI zaktiyA~ mila jAtI haiM taba pratyAbhijJA hotI hai ki 'maiM vahI Izvara haiN| tabhI parNataH Izvara kA sAkSAtkAra yA AtmA se ekIkaraNa saMbhava hai| vastutaH trika-darzana advaitavAdI hai isIlie jIva aura Izvara kA aikya sthApita kiyA jAtA hai| aikya hone para pArthakya kI jo pratIti hotI hai vaha mAyAjanita hai| vaha mAyA advaitavedAntiyoM ke pakSa meM rahakara svIkRta hotI hai| avabhAsa yA AbhAsa pratyabhijJA-darzana kA apanA zAstrIya zabda hai jisakA prayoga ye loga prakAzana ( Manifestation ) ke artha meM karate haiM / sAmAnya vyakti ke lie jIva bhAgataH caitanya se yukta hai, prajJoM ke lie pUrNataH caitanyayukta / pratyabhijJA hI yaha jJAna de sakatI hai|] tathA ca prayogaH 'ayamAtmA paramezvaro bhavitumarhati / jJAnakriyAzaktimattvAt / yo yAvati jJAtA kartA ca sa tAvatozvaraH prasiddhezvaravadrAjavadvA /

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309 pratyabhijJA-varzanam AtmA ca vizvajJAtA kartA ca / tasmAdIzvaro'yam' iti / avayavapaJcakasyAzrayaNaM mAyAvadeva neyAyikamatasya kakSIkArAt / / use siddha karane ke lie yaha prayoga ( anumAna ) hai-(1) yaha AtmA paramezvara banane meM samartha hai / ( 2 ) kyoMki isake pAsa jJAna aura kriyA kI zaktiyAM haiM / ( 3 ) jo jitanI cIjoM kA jJAtA aura kartA hotA hai vaha utanI cIjoM ke lie Izvara ( svAmI ) hai, jaise saMsAra-prasiddha Izvara ( maMDalezvara, nareza Adi ) haiM yA rAjA loga hote haiM / ( 4 ) AtmA saMsAra kA jJAtA aura kartA hai| (5) isalie yaha AtmA Izvara hai|' ina pAMca avayavoMvAle (parArthAnumAna ) kA Azraya lete samaya naiyAyikoM ke siddhAnta ko svIkRta kiyA gayA hai ( yA naiyAyikoM se paMcAvayava anumAna liyA hai ) jisa prakAra mAyA kA vicAra [ hamane advaitavedAnta se liyA hai ] / taduktamudayAkarasUnunA7. kartari jJAtari svAtmanyAdisiddha mahezvare / ajaDAtmA niSedhaM vA siddhi vA vidadhIta kaH // 8. ki tu mohavazAdasmindRSTe'pyanupalakSite / zaktyAviSkaraNeneyaM pratyabhijJopadarzyate // jaisA ki udayAkara ke putra ne kahA hai-(prazna hai ki ) jaba hama jAnate haiM ki kartA aura jJAtA ke rUpa meM jo yaha jIvAtmA hai vaha Adi-siddha mahezvara hI hai, to phira kauna aisA vivekazIla ( ajar3AtmA) vyakti hai jo isa Izvara kA [ jIvAtmA meM ] niSedha kare yA siddhi kare ? [ tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba svAtmA aura mahezvara kI ekatA anAdi kAla se siddha hai taba hameM isa prazna para tanika bhI prayAsa karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM-na to hama jIvAtmA meM Izvara kA niSedha kara sakate haiM, kyoMki aisA karane se siddha vastu kA khaNDana hogA aura na hI isakI siddhi kI AvazyakatA hai| kyoMki svayaMsiddha vastu ko punaH siddha karanA nirarthaka hai / kama-se-kama vivekI vyakti to aisA nahIM karate / ] // 7 // [isakA uttara yaha hogA-] 'yadyapi svAtmA meM Izvara ke darzana hote haiM ( Izvara kA svarUpa-caitanya kucha dRSTigocara hotA hai ), kintu moha yA mAyA ke kAraNa yaha spaSTataH upalakSita ( dikhalAI ) nahIM hotaa| isalie zakti kA ( jJAnazakti aura kriyAzakti kA) pratisaMdhAna ( sambandha sthApanA) karane ke lie isa pratyabhijJA kA pradarzana hotA hai| [pratyabhijJA ke dvArA hI jIvAtmA meM vidyamAna jJAnazakti aura kriyAzakti kA sambandha 1. ina pA~ca vAkyoM meM kramazaH pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana ke vAkya haiM / nyAyazAstra ke anusAra hI ye pAMcoM vAkya dUsare zAstroM meM bhI prayukta hote haiM / kahA hai-nyAyamUlaM sarvazAstram /

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310 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe Izvara ko jJAnazakti aura kriyAzakti ke sAtha kara lete haiM tathA donoM ke bIca advaita-tattva kI sthApanA sambhava hotI hai| isIlie pratyabhijJA Avazyaka hai| ' // 8 // vizeSa-sAyaNa-mAdhava ko purAnI bImArI phira utpanna ho gayI hai / zaiva-darzana meM . jisa prakAra eka-eka bAta kahakara usakI puSTi ke lie pramANoM kA ambAra lagA rahe the, aba yahA~ bhI aneka uddharaNoM ke dvArA apanI supratipAdita bAtoM kA punaH pratipAdana karate haiM / kyoM na ho-dvirbaddha subaddha' bhavati = do bAra bA~dha dene para acchI taraha baMdha jAtA hai / ( 5. jJAnazakti aura kriyAzakti ) tathA hi 9. sarveSAmiha bhUtAnAM pratiSThA jiivdaashryaa| jJAnaM kriyA ca bhUtAnAM jIvatAM jIvanaM matam / / 10. tatra jJAnaM svataHsiddha kriyA kAryAzritA stii| parairapyupalakSyeta tathAnyajJAnamucyate // iti / 11. yA caiSAM pratibhA ttttpdaarthkrmruupitaa| ___ akramAnandacidrUpaH pramAtA sa mahezvaraH // iti ca / jaisA ki ina zlokoM se prakaTa hai-'isa loka meM sabhI prANiyoM kI pratiSThA ( sthiti ) jIva para hI Azrita hai; jIvita prANiyoM kA jIvana bhI unake jJAna aura kriyA para nirbhara karatA hai // 9 // aba una donoM zaktiyoM meM jJAna to svataH siddha hai ( jJAna kA anubhava apane Apa meM hI vyakti karatA hai, dUsare loga kisI ke jJAna ko nahIM jAna pAte ) kintu kriyA kAryoM para nirbhara karatI hai, isalie dUsare loga bhI ise jAna lete haiM ( svayaM ko to kriyA mAlUma rahatI hI hai ) / isI prakAra dUsaroM ke jJAna ko bhI jAnA jA sakatA hai (jaba ki vaha kArya ke rUpa meM pariNata ho) // 10 // ____aura bhI kahA hai-'ina jIvoM meM jo yaha jJAnazakti ( pratibhA ) hai [ vaha deza, kAla aura vastu kI upAdhiyoM ke dvArA sImita hai ] vaha vibhinna jJeya padArthoM kA patA lagAne para usI krama se nirUpita hai| yahI jJAnazakti pramAtA ( sarvajJa ) mahezvara hai jaba ki [ upAdhiyoM se rahita hone para ] krama se rahita, Ananda aura cit ke rUpa meM yaha prakaTa hotI hai| [ jIva ke jJAna meM upAdhiyA~ haiM, Izvara kI jJAnazakti nirupAdhika hai, AnandasvarUpa hai aura cidrUpa hai| yaha zuddha jJAnazakti hai| ] // 11 // somAnandanAthapAdairapi sadA zivAtmanA vetti sadA vetti madAtmanA / ityAdi / jJAnAdhikAraparisamAptAvapi12. tadaikyena vinA nAsti saMvidAM lokpddhtiH| prakAzaikyAttadekatvaM mAtakaH sa iti sthitiH //

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pratyabhijJA-darzanam 13. sa eva vimRzatvena niyatena mahezvaraH / vimarza eva devasya zuddha jJAnakriye yataH // iti / pUjyapAda zrI somAnandanAtha ne bhI kahA hai-[ mahezvara kA dAsa apanI AtmA ko ] sadaiva ziva ke rUpa meM jAnatA hai, vaha use AtmA arthAt ziva-zakti ke rUpa meM jAnatA hai|' ityAdi / ( mat = maiM, aatmaa)| isake atirikta grantha meM jahA~ jJAna kA adhikAra ( adhyAya, Topic ) samApta huA hai, vahA~ para bhI kahA gayA hai--'usa mahezvara ke sAtha ekatA sthApita hue binA prakAza yA jJAna ( saMvita ) kA laukika vyavahAra nahIM ho sktaa| sabhI prakAra ke prakAzoM meM ekatA hone ke kAraNa mahezvara-viSayaka ekatA ko jAnanevAlA vaha eka hI tattva hai-aisI vastusthiti hai|' [ tAtparya yaha hai ki sUryAdi ke prakAza se bahuta-sI cIjeM prakAzita hotI haiM, unakA jJAna hameM prApta hotA hai| isa prakAra sAMsArika jJAna kI praNAlI yA paddhati hai| isa prakAra ke prakAzana aura mahezvara ke prakAzana meM ekatA hai--mahezvara usI prakAra AbhAsita hotA hai; mohavaza hameM dikhalAI nahIM pdd'taa| yaha ekatA tabhI siddha hogI jaba hama upAdhihIna prakAzoM meM bheda na maaneN| yaha ekamAtra prakAza hI sabhI vastuoM kA pramAtA (jJAtA hai|] vahI ( prakAza, jJAna ) eka nizcita vimarza (jJAna-kriyA zakti) ke kAraNa mahezvara kahalAtA hai, kyoMki devadeva mahezvara ke vimarza kA artha hI hai zuddha ( upAdhihIna ) jJAnazakti aura kriyAzakti kA honA / - vizeSa-Izvara ke prakAza se sampUrNa jagat prakAzita hotA hai / nirupAdhika jJAnazakti aura kriyAzakti meM hI sampUrNa jagat nihita hai| Izvara ke prakAzana aura vastuoM kA prakAzana prAyaH eka hI hai| prAyaH isalie ki vastuoM meM deza-kAla Adi upAdhiyA~ lagI haiM / ina ke haTa jAne para to advayatattva hI baca rahatA hai| yaha aikya yA advayatattva hI mahezvara hai| (6. vastuoM kA prakAzana-AbhAsavAda ) vivRtaM caabhinvguptaacaaryaiH| 'tameva bhAntamanubhAti sarva, tasya bhAsA sarvamidaM vibhAti' ( kAThaka0 2 / 2) iti zrutyA prakAzacidrUpamahimnA sarvasya bhAvajAtasya bhAsakatvamabhyupeyate / tatazca viSayaprakAzasya nIlaprakAzaH pItaprakAza iti vissyopraagbhedaadiH| vastutastu dezakAlAkArasaMkocavaikalyAdabheda eva / sa eva caitanyarUpaH prakAzaH pramAtetyucyate / AcArya abhinavagupta ne vyAkhyA bhI kI hai| eka zrutivAkya hai-'usa prakAzamAna puruSa ke pIche-pIche sArI cIjeM prakAzita hotI haiM, usI ke prakAza se ye sArI cIjeM prakAzita hotI haiM / ' ( kAThaka0 2 / 2 ) [ isa zruti kA tAtparya hai ki mahezvara ke prakAzita hone para sUryAdi kA prakAza hotA hai / jaise jAte hue puruSa ke pIche-pIche calanevAle purupa

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312 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe kI gati svatantra nahIM hotI, usI prakAra sUryAdi kA prakAza svatantra nahIM hotA usI mahezvara ke adhIna inakA prakAza sphurita hotA hai / ] isa zruti se siddha hotA hai ki usa prakAzasvarUpa, cidrUpa arthAt buddhisvarUpa ( mahezvara ) kI mahimA se sAre padArtha ( = prakAza denevAle, sUryacandrAdi ) prakAzaka kahalAte haiM / isake bAda viSayoM ke prakAzana meM nIlA prakAza ( nIla vastu ), pIlA prakAza ( vastu ) isa prakAra ke bheda isalie hote haiM ki svayaM viSayoM (Objects ) meM hI raMga ( Golour ) kA bheda hai [ aura ye hI raMga prakAza para par3akara vastu ko nIlI, pIlI banAkara prakAzita karAte haiM - vastuoM meM bheda kA yahI kAraNa hai / ] = vAstava meM deza, kAla aura AkAra kI sImA ( saMkoca ) na hone ke kAraNa tattva to eka hI hai / vahI caitanya ( buddhi ) ke rUpa meM prakAza hai jise hama pramAtA yA jJAtA bhI kahate haiM / [ Izvara prakAza hai tathA caitanyarUpa hai / vahI apanI AtmA ke darpaNa para pratibimba kI taraha sabhI vastuoM ko prakAzita karatA ho / isa siddhAnta ko AbhAsavAda kahate haiM / ] tathA ca paThitaM zivasUtreSu - ' caitanyamAtmA' ( 11 ) iti / tasya cidrUpatvamanavacchinnavimarzatvamananyonmukhatvamAnandaikaghanatvaM mAhezvaryamiti paryAya: / sa eva hyayaM bhAvAtmA vimarzaH zuddhe pAramArthikyau jJAnakriye / tatra prakAzarUpatA jJAnam / svato jagannirmAtRtvaM kriyA / jaisA ki zivasUtroM kA Arambha huA karatA hai - ' caitanya hI AtmA hai' ( zi0 sU0 111 ) | usake bahuta se paryAya bhI haiM - cit ( Intelligence ) ke rUpa meM honA, vimarza arthAt jJAna- kriyA-zakti kA avyavahita upAdhihIna ) honA, dUsare para nirbhara na karanA ( svatantratA ), Ananda ke ekamAtra ghana-piNDa ke rUpa meM honA tathA sabase adhika aizvarya honA ( mahezvara honA ) 1 [ ye sabhI Izvara ke guNa ke paryAyavAcI zabda haiM / ] isI ko bhAva ( dharma, zakti ) ke rUpa meM vimarza mAnate haiM, jisakA artha hai vizuddha ( upAdhihIna ) pAramArthika jJAna aura kriyA / inameM jJAna use kahate haiM jinake dvArA vastuoM kA prakAzana ho / apane Apa se hI samUce saMsAra kA nirmANa karanA kriyA hai / [ Izvara ke guNoM ke paryAyoM meM 'vimarza' zabda AyA hai / pUrA zabda hai - Izvara ke vimarza kA anavacchinna honA / vimarza avacchinna tabhI hotA hai jaba bhrAntivaza hama vimarza ( jJAna aura kriyA ) meM deza, kAla, AkAra, varNa Adi avacchedaka yA sImiti karanevAlI upAdhiyA~ lagA deN| yadi ina upAdhiyoM kA abhAva ho to vimarza anavacchinna arthAt avyavahita hotA hai| Izvara kA vimarza aisA hI hotA hai / acchA yaha bAra-bAra uccarita 'vimarza' hai kyA ? isakA artha jJAna aura kriyA hai / Izvara ke pAsa zuddha vimarza yAnI zuddha jJAna aura zuddha kriyA hai / apane jJAna se ve sArI

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pratyabhijJA-varzanam 313 vastuoM kA prakAzana karate haiM - sArI vastueM usI prakAra satya haiM jisa prakAra svayam Izvara / sArI vastue~ Izvara ke AbhAsa se AtI haiM, ataH isa darzana ko vastuvAdI pratyayavAda ( Realistic idealism ) kahate haiM / aba rahI Izvara kI kriyAzakti / to usase sAre saMsAra kA nirmANa hI hotA hai / zakti kI vyAkhyA Age kI jaaygii| ] tacca nirUpitaM kriyAdhikAre ---- 14. eSa cAnantazaktitvAdevamAbhAsayatyamUn / upasaMhAre'pi -- bhAvAnicchAvazAdeSAM kriyA nirmAtRtAsya sA // iti / 15. itthaM tathA ghaTapaTAdyAkArajagadAtmanA / tiSThAsorevamiccheva hetukartRkRtA kriyA // iti / isa darzana ke kriyA pariccheda meM usakA nirUpaNa bhI huA hai - 'vaha ( mahezvara ) apanI aparimita zakti hone ke kAraNa una bhAvoM ( padArthoM ) ko prakAzita ( AbhAsita ) karatA hai [ yaha usakI jJAnazakti hai ] / usI prakAra apanI icchA se hI vaha ukta padArthoM kA nirmANa karatA hai jo usakI kriyAzakti hai // 14 // ' upasaMhAra karate hue bhI kahA gayA hai--' isa prakAra ghaTa, paTa Adi AkAroM ( padArthoM) se bhare hue saMsAra ke rUpa meM sthira rahane ke icchuka, hetukartA ( prayojaka kartA = mahezvara ) meM utpanna jo icchA hai, vahI kiyA hai / / 15 / / ' vizeSa - hetu kA artha prayojaka kartA hai, kyoMki pANini-muni kahate haiM - tatprayojako hetuzca ( pA0 sU0 1 / 4 / 55 ) | preraNArthaka kriyA kA prayoga hone para do kartA hote haiM - prayojya aura prayojaka / rAmaH paThati / adhyApakaH rAmaM pAThayati / ina vAkyoM meM 'adhyApaka' aura 'rAma' donoM hI kartA haiM, adhyApaka prayojaka yA hetu kartA hai jaba ki rAma prayojya kartA / usI prakAra isa sthAna meM, 'bhAvA AbhAsante, mahezvaro bhAvAnAbhAsayati' ke sAtha bhI bAta hai - mahezvara prayojaka kartA hai / mahezvara kI icchA hotI hai - 'eko'haM bahu syAM prajAyeya' usakI yaha icchA hI kriyA kahalAtI hai / ( 7. Izvara kI icchA se saMsArotpatti ) 16. tasminsatIdamastIti kAryakAraNatA'pi yA / sApyapekSAvihInAnAM jaDAnAM nopapadyate // iti nyAyena yato jaDasya na kAraNatA na vA'nIzvarasya cetanasyApi, tasmAttena tena jagadgatajanmasthityAdibhAva vikAratattadbhedakriyA sahasrarUpeNa sthAtu piccho: svatantrasya bhagavato mahezvarasyecchaiva uttarottaramucchUnasvabhAvA kriyA vizvakartRtvaM vocyata iti /

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314 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe 'eka vastu ( bIja ) ke hone para dUsarI vastu ( aMkura ) ko sattA hogI-isa prakAra kA jo kArya-kAraNa sambandha hai vaha bhI apekSArahita jar3a ( Insentient ) padArthoM meM nahIM raha sakatA // 16 // ____ uparyukta niyama se yaha siddha hotA hai ki jar3a padArtha (paramANu Adi ) saMsAra ke kAraNa nahIM ho sakate [ kyoMki inameM apekSA nahIM hai, apekSA kisI cetana meM hI rahatI haiM ] / dUsarI ora, Izvara ke atirikta koI dUsarA cetana ( jaise jIva ) bhI [ saMsAra kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki usameM saMsAra utpanna karane kI sAmarthya nahIM hai| isalie ghaTAdi kA kAraNa hone para bhI jIva saMsAra ko nahIM utpanna kara sakate ] / isalie saMsAra ke janma, sthiti Adi bhAva-vikAroM ke rUpa meM tathA unake bhedoM ke rUpa meM hajAroM kriyAoM ke dvArA bhagavAn ThaharanA cAhatA hai| usa svatantra mahezvara bhagavAn ko icchA, jo kramazaH bar3hatI hI jAtI hai, hI kriyA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM use vizva kA utpAdana ( racanA ) bhI kahate haiM / vizeSa--saMsAra kI racanA Izvara kI icchA se hI hotI hai| jaba Izvara cAhatA hai ki apanI kriyAoM ke rUpa meM avasthita rahU~---eka hokara bhI bahuta se rUpoM meM rahU~, taba bhAva chaH vikAroM ( jAyate, asti, vardhate, vipariNamate, apakSIyate, vinazyati-dekheM nirukta 1 / 2 ) aura unake nAnA prakAra ke bhedoM ke rUpa meM saMsAra kI racanA ho jAtI hai / vastutaH kriyA to eka hI hai-Izvara kI icchA, parantu usake vikAra itane prakAra ke ho jAte haiM ki kriyAeM hajAroM-hajAroM ho jAtI haiM / mahezvara kI icchA uttarottara bar3hatI jAtI hai ( ucchUnasvabhAvA )---isI se vikAsa hotA hai jisakA anta vinAza meM hai| isa prakAra saMsAra kI racanA ke lie kisI upAdAna kI AvazyakatA nahIM / vaha kevala Izvara kI eka zakti kriyA arthAt icchA-se hI utpanna ho jAtA hai / ise isa darzana ke Arambha meM bhI kaha cuke haiM / kevala icchA se saMsAra kI racanA mAnane ke lie sAMsArika buddhi prastuta nahIM hotii| isI ke kAraNa trika-darzana kI pRSThabhUmi meM tAntrika mata hai / tantra ke prabhAva se icchAmAtra se kSaNabhara meM bahuta sI cIjeM utpanna ho jAtI haiM / abhinavagupta svayaM bhI eka bar3e tAntrika the| isake binA koI laukika dRSTAnta denA asambhava hai| icchAmAtreNa jagannirmANamityatra dRSTAnto'pi spaSTaM nirdiSTaH 17. yoginAmapi mRdvIje vinaivecchAvazena yat / ghaTAdi jAyate tattasthirabhAvakriyAkaram // iti / yadi ghaTAdikaM prati mRdAyeva paramArthataH kAraNaM syAtahi kathaM yogIcchAmAtreNa ghaTAdijanma syAt ? athocyeta-anya eva mRdvIjAdijanyA ghaTAGakurAdayo, yogIcchAjanyAstvanya eveti / tatrApi bodhyase-sAmagrIbhedAtAvatkAryabheda iti sarvajanaprasiddham / kevala icchA karane se hI saMsAra kA nirmANa ho jAtA hai, isa viSaya meM laukika dRSTAnta bhI to spaSTa rUpa se hI diyA gayA hai--yogI loga bhI miTTI aura bIja ke binA hI kevala

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pratyabhijJA-varzanam 315 icchA karake ghaTa aura aMkura utpanna kara dete haiM jo [ indrajAla yA AbhAsamAtra nahIM, pratyuta ] laukika ghaTa aura aMkura kI taraha sthira tathA apanI-apanI Avazyaka kriyAoM (jaise jala lAnA, per3a banAnA ) ke sampAdana meM bhI samartha haiM-[ aisA bahudhA sunA jAtA hai ] // 17 // aba yahA~ prazna hotA hai ki vAstava meM (pAramArthika dRSTi se ) ghaTAdi ke kAraNa mRttikAdi hI hote haiM / yaha kaisI bAta hai ki yogiyoM kI icchA karane se hI ghaTAdi padArthoM kA janma ho jAtA hai ? yahA~ uttara yaha hogA-jo ghaTa aura aMkura miTTI aura bIja se utpanna hote haiM ve kucha dUsare hI haiM / [ yogiyoM kI icchA se utpanna hone para bhI dUsare ghar3oM aura aMkuroM kA sambandha miTTI-bIja se TUTatA nahIM / unakA vAstavika sambandha rahegA hii|] isameM bhI Apa ko jAnanA cAhie ki sAmagrI ke bheda se kArya meM bheda par3atA hI hai| yaha to samUce saMsAra meM prasiddha hai| [ jina ghaToM kA nirmANa miTTI se hotA hai unameM bhI to sAmagrI ke bheda ke kAraNa bheda dikhalAI par3atA hai / kama miTTI lagAne para choTA yA patalA ghar3A banatA hai, dUsarI miTTI kA dUsarA hI ghar3A hotA hai ityAdi / sAmAnya rUpa se ghaTa miTTI se hI banatA hai / vizeSa sthitiyoM meM yogI loga bhI banAte haiM aura aise ghaToM meM paryApta bheda rahatA hai| ] (8. upAdAna kAraNa aura padArthoM kI utpatti ) ye tu varNayanti nopAdAnaM vinA ghaTAdyutpattiriti, yogI tvicchayA paramANUvyApArayan saMghaTayatIti te'pi bodhniiyaaH| yadi paridRSTakAryakAraNabhAvaviparyayo na labhyeta tahi ghaTe mRdaNDacakrAdi dehe strIpuruSasaMyogAdi sarvamapekSyeta / tathA ca yogIcchAsamanantarasaMjAtaghaTadehAdisaMbhavo duHsamartha eva syAt / jo loga kahate haiM ki upAdAna ( Material ) kAraNa ke binA ghaTa Adi kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI aura udhara yogI apanI icchA se paramANuoM kA saMcAlana karake unakA navIna saMghaTana ( Organisation ) karatA hai, aise logoM ko bhI yaha jAnanA cAhie ki yadi kArya-kAraNa-sambandha ( Causal relation ) kA suspaSTa ullaMghana (viparyaya Violation ) nahIM ho rahA ho ( arthAt yogiyoM kI icchA ke bAda hI kArya saMpAdita nahIM hokara vilamba se ho) taba to kArya ke utpAdana ke lie sabhI kAraNoM ke vyApAroM kI apekSA rahegI hI; ghaTa ke lie miTTI, DaNDA, cAka Adi kI AvazyakatA hogI, zarIra-nirmANa ke lie strI-puruSa ke saMyoga Adi ko AvazyakatA hogii| aisA karane para yogI kI icchA ke turanta bAda meM utpanna honevAle ghaTa, dehAdi kI sambhAvanA karanA bilkula asaMgata hI ho jAyagA / vizeSa-isa saMdarbha meM una matavAdiyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai jo yogiyoM ke kArya meM bhI sAmAnya-niyama ke samAna kArya kAraNa-sambandha DhaMr3hane kA prayatna karate haiN| ve binA

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316 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe upAdAna ke kAryotpatti mAnate hI nhiiN| yadi yogiyoM kI kriyAoM meM kArya-kAraNa sambandha nahIM milA, to kAryotpatti ko ye asaMgata ( Baseless ) siddha kara deNge| yogI jo apanI icchA se kArya utpanna kiyA karate haiM unameM bhI paramANuoM kA saMghaTana hotA hI hogaa| kisI nirdhana vyakti ko yogI AzIrvAda dekara dhanADhya banA deM tathA vaha vyakti ghara Akara dekhe ki usake yahA~ miTTI ke sthAna para sone kI dIvAla hai to isa icchAtmaka AzIrvAda meM bhI svarNa ke paramANuoM kI kriyA huI hogI-kisI bhI avasthA meM kArya ke lie kAraNasAmagrI apekSita hI hai, vaha cAhe sAmAnya kArya ho yA yogI kI icchA se utpanna kArya ho / aba yogiyoM kI icchA se utpanna kArya ke bhI do bheda sambhava haiM-eka to vaha jaba yogiyoM kI icchA ( AzIrvAda ) ke bAda hI kArya ho jAya aura dUsarA vaha jaba icchA ke bahuta dera ke bAda kArya utpanna ho| pahalI sthiti meM to kArya-kAraNa kA sambandha sthira karanA bar3A hI kaThina hai, kyoMki becAre paramANuoM ko saMghaTita hone kA samaya kahA~ milatA hai ki upAdAna banakara kArya utpanna kreN| hA~, dUsarI sthiti meM kalpanA kara sakate haiM ki yogiyoM kI icchA ke bAda paramANuoM ko saMghaTita hone kA paryApta avasara milatA hai jisase ve kArya utpanna karate haiM / yogI loga donoM taraha ke kArya utpanna karate dekhe jAte haiM / kisI ko dekhate hI rogamukta kara dete haiM tathA yathAsamaya putra hone kA bhI AzIrvAda dete haiM / zIghra kArya karanevAle yogiyoM kI icchA se kArya utpanna hone para kArya-kAraNa-bhAva kI rakSA to kisI mUlya para nahIM ho sktii| dera se honevAle kArya meM bhI alakSita paramANu-vyApAra kI kalpanA vyartha hI hai| kisI bhI sthiti meM yogiyoM ke kArya meM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva kA bar3A bhArI apamAna hotA hai jo nyAyazAstra kI dRSTi se bahuta bar3A aparAdha hai| yahI una matavAdiyoM kA kathana hai| aba pratyabhijJA-darzanavAle apane pakSa kI rakSA karate hue, bhagavAn kI duhAI dete hue tathA unake samakSa kArya-kAraNa-bhAva kI asaMgati ko gauNa batalAte hue uttara deNge| cetana eva tu tathA bhAti, bhagavAn bhUribhago mahAdevo niyatyanuvartanollaGghanatarasvAtantrya iti pakSe na kAcidanupapattiH / ata evoktaM vasuguptAcArya: 18. nirupAdAnasaMbhAramabhittAveva tanvate / ___ jagaccitraM namastasmai kalAnAthAya zUline // iti / uparyukta asaMgati sAmAnya cetana padArthoM ke sAtha hI ho sakatI hai [ arthAt yogiyoM ke kArya meM Apa bhale hI asaMgati dikhA deM ] kintu vipula aizvaryavAle bhagavAna mahAdeva to niyati ( Nature ) kA anuvartana yA ullaMghana karane meM bilkula svatantra haiM, unake pakSa meM kAryakAraNabhAva ke viSaya meM koI bhI asaMgati ( Difficulty, Impropriety ) nahIM

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pratyabhijJA- varzanam 317 hotI / [ brahmA niyati yA adRSTa yA sAMsArika niyamoM kA kevala anuvartana kara sakate haiM, ullaMghana nahIM / para Izvara ke lie niyati kA khaMDana bAyeM hAtha kA khela hai-- apanI lIlA se hI ve niyati ( jaise - kAryakAraNabhAva ) ko kATa sakate haiN| bar3e logoM ke lie koI anucita kArya nahIM / ] isIlie AcArya vasugupta ne kahA hai-- jo binA pradeza meM ] binA upakaraNoM ke samUha kA sahArA liye, hai, kalAoM ke usa svAmI zUladhArI bhagavAn ziva ko maiM praNAma karatA hU~ / ' kisI bhitti ( AdhAra ) ke [ zUnya isa vicitra saMsAra kI racanA karatA vizeSa - isa maMgala zloka meM yaha pradarzita hai ki mahezvara ko saMsAra kI racanA karane na kisI AdhAra kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai aura na kisI sAmagrI kI hI / usakI icchA hI kriyA hai, vizva kI racanA hai / ( 9. vibhinna prazna -- jIva aura saMsAra kA sambandha ) nanu pratyagAtmanaH paramezvarAbhinnatve saMsArasambandhaH kathaM bhavediti cettatroktamAgamAdhikAre 19. eSa pramAtA mAyAndhaH saMsArI karmabandhanaH / vidyAdijJApitaizvaryazciddhano mukta ucyate / / iti / " aba prazna hai ki jaba pratyagAtmA ( jIva Individual self ) ko paramezvara se abhinna hI mAnate haiM to jIva kA sambandha saMsAra se kaise hogA ? isakA uttara usI darzana meM AgamoM kA varNana karanevAle pariccheda meM huA hai - 'yaha pramAtA ( jJAtA jIva ) mAyA se andhA hokara ( Izvara ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM jJAna na rahane ke kAraNa ) karma ke bandhana meM par3A huA saMsAra meM hI rahatA hai / vidyA ( pratyabhijJA Adi ke dvArA jaba use aizvarya ( Izvara ke svarUpa ) kA jJAna prApta karAyA jAtA hai [ ki vaha Izvara hI hai ] taba cit kI mUrti banakara [ dRkzakti aura kriyAzakti se yukta hokara ] vaha mukta kahalAtA hai // 19 // [ yahI jIva aura saMsAra kA sambandha hai ki mukti ke pUrva taka jIva isa saMsAra meM hI vicaraNa karatA rahatA hai / ] ( 9. ka. prameya ko lekara baddha aura mukta meM bheda ) nanu prameyasya pramAtra bhinnatve baddhamuktayoH prameyaM prati ko vizeSaH ? atrApyuttaramuktaM tattvArthasaMgrahAdhikAre 20. meyaM sAdhAraNaM muktaH svAtmAbhedena manyate / mahezvaro yathA baddhaH punaratyantabhedavat // iti / dUsarA prazna hai ki prameya ( Knowable ) padArtha pramAtA ( Knawer ) se abhinna hotA hai taba prameya ko lekara baddha aura mukta jIvoM meM kyA antara hogA ? [ isa prazna kA

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe yaha Azaya hai-pratyabhijJA-darzana kI yaha mAnyatA spaSTa hai ki Izvara apanI 'bahu syAm' kI icchA se sampUrNa jagat ke rUpa meM svayaM hI AvirbhUta hotA hai| isa prakAra jIva to paramezvara se abhinna hai hI, pRthvI Adi prameya padArtha bhI Izvara se abhinna hI haiN| kisI meM koI bheda-bhAva nhiiN| pariNAma yaha hogA ki prameya (pRthvI Adi padArtha) aura pramAtA ( jIva ) meM bhI ekatA yA abhinnatA ho jaaygii| jIva ke donoM bheda ( baddha aura mukta ) eka hI prakAra se prameya kA prayoga kreNge| baddha aura mukta jIvoM meM phira antara hI kyA rahA ? ___ isakA bhI tattvArthoM kA saMgraha ( saMkalana ) karanevAle pariccheda meM diyA gayA hai'mukta jIva mahezvara ke samAna hI sabhI prameya padArthoM ( acchA burA, sundara-kurUpa, amRtaviSa ) ko apanI AtmA se abhinna samajhate hue samAna rUpa se dekhatA hai ( arthAt viSayoM meM vaha bheda-bhAva nahIM karatA hai ) / dUsarI ora, baddha jIva [ abheda kA jJAna na hone ke kAraNa ] prameya padArthoM meM kaI prakAra ke bheda dekhatA hai ( amRta aura viSa ko eka dRSTi se nahIM dekhatA hai ) // 20 // (10. pratyabhijJA kI AvazyakatA-arthakriyA meM bheda ) nanu AtmanaH paramezvaratvaM svAbhAvikaM cennArthaH pratyabhijJAprArthanayA / na hi bIjamapratijJAtaM sati sahakArisAkalye'GkuraM notpAdayati / tasmAtkasmAdvAtmapratyabhijJAne nirbandha iti cet__ucyate / zRNu tAvadidaM rahasyam / dvividhA hyarthakriyA-bAhyAkurAdikA, pramAtRvizrAnticamatkArasArA prItyAdirUpA ca / tatrAdyA pratyabhijJAnaM nApekSate / dvitIyA tu tadapekSata eva / yahA~ yaha prazna ho sakatA hai ki paramezvara ho jAnA yadi AtmA svAbhAvika guNa hI hai to pratyabhijJA kI prArthanA karanA to nirarthaka hI na hai ? yadi sArI sahakArI sAmagriyA~ taiyAra hoM aura bIja kA pratyakSIkaraNa nahIM bhI huA ho to ( gupta rUpa se bIja chIMTa diyA gayA ho ) to kyA aMkura utpanna nahIM hotA ? [ bIja jJAta rahe yA ajJAta, anya sAmagriyA~ (kheta, pAnI, havA, dhUpa Adi ) taiyAra raheM to vaha avazya aMkurita hogaa| usI prakAra, 'maiM Izvara haiM' yaha bAta jIva ko mAlUma rahe yA nahIM, yadi vaha sacamuca Izvara kA svarUpa hai, jaisA ki Apa svIkAra karate haiM, to sadA hI mukta rhegaa| ] to, kisa lie Apa loga AtmA kI pratyabhijJA ( sAkSAtkAra ) ke lie Agraha (nirbandha ) kara rahe haiM ? [ isa prakAra pratyabhijJA kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM ] / ___ isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna hama karate haiN| pahale suno, rahasya yaha hai| arthakriyA / phala denevAlI kriyA )' do prakAra kI hotI hai-eka to bAhya ( External ) jisameM 1. dekheM sarvadarzanasaMgraha meM bauddha-darzana, kSaNikavAda kA prasaMga; pR0 33-49 /

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pratyabhijJA-darzanam 319 aMkura Adi Ate haiM; dUsarI [ Antarika ( Internal ) ] jisase jJAtA ko vizrAma mila jAne ke kAraNa apUrva Ananda milatA hai tathA jo prIti, santoSa Adi ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotI hai / [ jaba bIja aMkura utpanna karatA hai taba bhI eka arthakriyA ( saphala kArya ) hotI hai, kintu yaha bAhya jagat se baMdhI hone ke kAraNa bAhya arthakriyA hai / jaba putrajanma kA samAcAra sunane para Ananda utpanna hotA hai taba Abhyantara arthakriyA hotI hai - yaha kriyA saphala huI kintu antarjagata meM / jJAtA jIva jaba bAharI - bhItarI kAmoM se chuTTI pA letA hai taba isase utpanna camatkAra yA Ananda Antarika kriyA kA sabase acchA udAharaNa hai / ] unameM pahalI arthakriyA ko to pratyabhijJA ( sAkSAtkAra, jJAna ) ko AvazyakatA nahIM, kintu dUsarI ( Antarika ) arthakriyA ko to jJAna kI anivArya AvazyakatA hai / [ pUrvapakSiyoM ne jo bIja aura aMkura ko zikhaNDI banAkara khar3A kiyA hai vaha vAstava meM bAhya arthakriyA kA udAharaNa hai| bIja jJAta rahe yA ajJAta, usakA phala mila hI jAyagA, 'aMkura utpanna ho jAyagA' ? | DAkTara ke yahA~ lI gaI davA jJAta rahe yA ajJAta, usakI arthakriyA ( roganivRtti ) hokara rhegii| Apa jAnakara viSa khAyeM yA anajAne, isakA phala milakara rahegA / niSkarSa yaha hai ki bAhya arthakriyA ko pratyabhijJA kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / rahe yA nahIM rahe- donoM sthitiyoM meM phala milegA / kintu, putrajanma kI bAta sunane para hI, kArya meM lage hue mana ko bhI turata virata karake kucha dera taka Ananda nahIM mila sakatA / isa prakAra, yaha siddha huA ki Antarika arthakriyA utpAdaka kA pratyabhijJAna ( Knowledge ) hone para hI utpanna hotI hai / AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra bhI Antarika arthakriyA hI hai jisameM jJAna hone para hI phala mila sakatA hai / yahI siddha kiyA jAyagA / ] 1 ihApyahamIzvara ityevaMbhUtacamatkArasArA parAparasiddhilakSaNajIvAtmakatvazaktivibhUtirUpArthakriyeti svarUpapratyabhijJAnamapekSaNIyam / nanu pramAtRvizrAntisArA'rthakriyA pratyabhijJAnena vinA adRSTA satI tasmindRSTeti kva dRSTam ? atrocyate-- nAyaka guNagaNasaMzravaNapravRddhAnurAgA kAcana kAminI madanavihvalA virahaklezamasahamAnA madanalekhAvalambanena svAvasthA nivedanAni vidhatte / tathA vegAttannikaTamaTantyapi tasminnavalokite'pi tadavalokanaM tadIyaguNaparAmarzAbhAve janasAdhAraNatvaM prApte hRdayaGgamabhAvaM na labhate / yadA tu dvatIvacanAt tadIyaguNaparAmarzaM karAti tadA tatkSaNameva pUrNabhAvamabhyeti / yahA~ bhI ( pratyabhijJA-darzana meM ), 'maiM Izvara hU~' isa prakAra ke Ananda se paripUrNa, parasiddhi ( mokSa ) aura aparasiddhi ( abhyudaya ) ke lakSaNa se yukta, jIvAtmA ke sAtha [ mahezvara kI ] ekatA rUpI zakti ( jJAnazakti, kriyAzakti ) kI vibhUti ( Ananda ) ke rUpa meM arthakriyA prApta hotI hai ( arthAt yaha arthakriyA bhI Antarika hI hai ), isalie

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320 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe AtmA ko apane svarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra karanA Avazyaka hai / [ yahI kAraNa hai ki pratyabhijJA darzana ke dvArA AtmA ko ekatva jJAna karAyA jAtA hai / ] aba yaha prazna hai ki vaha arthakriyA jo pramAtA ko vizrAma pradAna karake Ananda denevAlI hai, vaha pratyabhijJAna ( sAkSAtkAra Knowledge ) ke binA to adRSTa hI rahegI, pratyabhijJAna ho jAne para use dekha lete haiM aisA kahIM kisI ne dekhA hai kyA ? ( yaha kaise jAnate haiM ? ) isakA yaha uttara hogA / koI kAminI kisI nAyaka ke guNa-samUha ko kevala sunakara usase prema karane lagatI hai, vaha madanAgni se pIr3ita hokara virahavedanA ko sahane meM asamartha ho jAtI hai / kisI prakAra madana - lekha ( prema-patra Love letter ) bhejakara apanI avasthA kA nivedana usa nAyaka se karatI hai| yahI nahIM, jhaTapaTa vaha usake pAsa daur3a bhI jAtI hai aura use dekhane lagatI hai / kintu usake guNoM ke parAmarza ( pratyabhijJA Recognition ) ke abhAva meM vaha strI usa nAyaka ko sAdhAraNa AdamI kI taraha hI dekhatI hai / phala yaha hotA hai ki usake hRdaya ko vaha ThIka nahIM lagatA ( vaha Ananda yA saMtoSa nahIM pAtI ) / lekina jaba koI dUtI Akara use apane vAkyoM ke dvArA nAyaka ke guNoM kI pahacAna karA detI hai taba to vaha nAyikA turata hI pUrNarUpa se prema karane lagatI hai / [ isa dRSTAnta meM yaha dikhAyA gayA ki binA pahacAna karAye koI kisI meM ruci nahIM le sakatA / isI dRSTAnta se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki pratyabhijJA-zAstra ke dvArA hI koI Izvara ko pahacAna sakatA hai / ] evaM svAtmani vizvezvarAtmanA bhAsamAne'pi / tannirbhAsanaM tadIyaguNaparAmarzavirahasamaye pUrNabhAvaM na sampAdayati / yadA tu guruvacanAdinA sarvajJatva sarvakartRtvAtilakSaNaparamezvarotkarSaparAmarzo jAyate tadA tatkSaNameva pUrNA tmatAlAbhaH / usI taraha yadyapi apanI AtmA meM vizvezvara kI AtmA ( svarUpa ) kA AbhAsa hotA hai, kintu yaha AbhAsa bhI Izvara ke guNoM ko pahacAna nahIM hone kI sthiti meM pUrNabhAva ( pUrA santoSa, pUrNatva ) nahIM de sakatA / lekina jaba guru ke vacana Adi se saba kucha jAnanevAle, saba kucha utpanna karanevAle tathA anya guNoM se yukta paramezvara ke utkRSTa guNoM kI pratyabhijJA hotI hai usI samaya pUrNatva kI prApti ho jAtI hai / vizeSa -- pratyabhijJA- darzana kI nirarthakatA kA khaNDana ho rahA hai / yadyapi AtmA meM Izvara kA svarUpa nisargataH AbhAsita hotA hai tathApi usakI pahacAna karane ke lie koI mAdhyama ( Mediator ) to ho / guru ko bAtoM se pratyabhijJA-darzana kA adhyayana karake paramezvara ko pahacAna leM tabhI AtmasAkSAtkAra yA mokSa ho sakatA hai| isalie pratyabhijJAdarzana kI AvazyakatA rahegI hI / isake binA mUlataH aura paramAtmA eka hone para bhI ekase nahIM lageMge /

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pratyabhijJA-darzanam ( 11. upasaMhAra) taduktaM caturthe vimarze21. taistarapyupayAcitarupanatastasyAH sthito'syantike / kAnto lokasamAna evamaparijJAto na rantuM yathA / lokasyaiSa tathAnavekSitaguNaH svAtmApi vizvezvaro navAyaM nijavaibhavAya tadiyaM tatpratyabhijJoditA // (I0pra0 4 / 2 / 2) iti / abhinavaguptAdibhirAcAryavihitapratAno'pyayamarthaH saMgrahamupakramamANarasmAbhivistarabhiyA na pratAnita iti sarva zivam // iti zrImatsAyaNamAdhavIye sarvadarzanasaMgrahe pratyabhijJAdarzanam // jaisA ki caturtha vimarza meM kahA-'vibhinna prakAra kI prArthanAoM ke kAraNa [ jo nAyaka nAyikA ke ] pAsa A gayA hai, usake pAsa hI khar3A bhI hai, kintu binA pahacAne hue vaha ( nAyikA ) apane priya nAyaka ko dUsare logoM ke samAna hI sAdhAraNa vyakti samajha letI hai tathA usake sAtha ramaNa nahIM krtii| usI prakAra isa saMsAra meM logoM kI AtmA meM yadi vizvezvara ( mahezvara ) ke guNoM ko jAnA nahIM jA sakA to yaha ( mahezvara ) apane pUrNa vaibhava ( aizvarya) ko nahIM pA sakatA / yahI kAraNa hai ki isa pratyabhijJA-darzana kI vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai / ( IzvarapratyabhijJAvimarza 4 / 2 / 2) / ___abhinavagupta tathA dUsare AcAryoM ne isa darzana kA vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA hai, kintu - hama to yahA~ kevala saMkalana ( sArAMza Summary ) kara rahe haiM isalie vistAra ke bhaya se grantha ko Age nahIM bar3hA rahe haiM / isa prakAra saba kucha ziva ( kalyANakArI ) ho|| ___ isa prakAra zrImAn sAyaNa-mAdhava ke sarvadarzanasaMgraha meM pratyabhijJA-darzana [ samApta huA ] . iti bAlakavinomAzaGkareNa racitAyAM sarvadarzanasaMgrahasya prakAzAkhyAyAM vyAkhyAyAM pratyabhijJAdarzanamavasitam // 21 sa0 saM0

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9 rasezvara-darzanam mAhezvaraH kalitakAJcanacArarUpo rogakSapAkSaraNadIptadinezarazmiH / mokSaM ca jIvati jane tanute'kSaraM yaH pAyAdapAyanicayAtparapArado'sau // -- RSiH ( 1. rasa se jIvanmukti - pArada aura usakA svarUpa ) apare mAhezvarAH paramezvaratAdAtmyavAdino'pi piNDastheyeM sarvAbhimatA jIvanmuktiH setsyatItyAsthAya piNDasthairyopAyaM pAradAdipadavedanIyaM rasameva saMgirante / 1 [ uparyukta ] mahezvara - sampradAyoM meM (= nakulIzapAzupata, zeva, pratyabhijJA tathA rasezvara meM ) kucha dUsare [ dArzanika ] ( = rasezvara sampradAya ko mAnanevAle ) yadyapi paramezvara ( paramAtmA ) ke sAtha [ jIva kA ] tAdAtmya ( ekarUpa honA ) svIkAra karate haiM, tathApi sabhI [ darzanakAroM ] se sammata jIvanmukti ( = zarIra ke rahate hue jarAmaraNAdi se chUTa jAnA ) zarIra ( piNDa ) kI sthiratA hone se hI milegI - aisI AsthA ( vizvAsa ) rakhakara, zarIra ko sthira karane kA upAya rasa ko, jisako 'pArada' - Adi zabdoM se bhI jAnate haiM ( pArada = rasa ), batalAte haiM / vizeSa - mahezvara ( ziva ) ko parama tattva ke rUpa meM svIkAra karanevAle dArzanika mAhezvara kahalAte haiM / sarvadarzanasaMgraha meM cAra mAhezvaroM kA varNana hai-- nakulIzapAzupata, zeva, pratyabhijJA aura rasezvara / ve sabhI jIvAtmA kA paramAtmA se aikarUpya mAnate haiM / 'rasezvara-darzana ina saboM se isalie pRthak hai ki inameM jIvanmukti ke lie rasa arthAt pArada - rasa kA prayoga anivArya mAnA gayA hai / pArada - rasa se zarIra ko ajara-amara kara dete haiM, binA vaisA kiye jIvanmukti nahIM mila sakatI hai / jIvanmukti vaha hai jisameM Atmatattva kA sAkSAtkAra ho jAya, abhyAsa ke Adhikya se mithyAjJAna kA vinAza ho jAya, kintu prArabdha - karma ko bhogane ke lie jIva-dhAraNa kiyA jAya / ise apara mukti bhI kahate haiM / sabhI dArzanika ise svIkAra karate haiM, rAmAnuja Adi nahIM mAnate yaha dUsarI bAta hai / rasezvara ke anuyAyiyoM kA kahanA hai ki jIvanmukti kA vAstavika Ananda hama loga hI jAnate haiM, kyoMki zarIra ko binA amara kiye ananta jIvanmukti ho nahIM sakatI / AyurvedazAstra ke anusAra pArada kA mahattva pratipAdita kiyA jAtA hai / '

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rasezvara-varzanam 323 rasasya pAradatvaM saMsAraparaprApaNahetutvena / taduktam 1. saMsArasya paraM pAraM datte'sau pAravaH smRtH| iti / rasANave'pi pArado gadito yasmAtparArtha saadhkottmaiH| 2. supto'yaM matsamo devi ! mama pratyaGgasambhavaH / mama devaraso yasmAdrasastenAyamucyate // iti // saMsAra [ ke kaSToM ] se [ bacAkara ] mokSa dilAne ke kAraNa hI rasa ko pArada (pAra +da= mokSa denevAlA ) kahate haiM / kahA bhI hai-'jo saMsAra ( punarjanma ) ke dUsare pAra ( mokSa ) kI ora pahu~cA de vahI pArada kahalAtA hai|' rasArNava ( I0 pU0 kA eka prAcIna grantha ) meM bhI [ kahA hai ]--ise pArada kahate haiM, kyoMki uttama sAdhaka loga mokSa ( carama lakSya, para-prApti ) ke lie [ isakA prayoga karate haiM ] / ziva pArvatI se kahate haiM [ ki] he devi, yaha ( pArada-rasa ) mere antaraGga (pratyaGga) se utpanna hai, suptAvasthA meM rahane para yaha mere samAna hI hai, cUMki yaha mere zarIra kA rasa (drava-padArtha) hai, isalie rasa kahA jAtA hai|' vizeSa--pArada (pAre ) ko rasazAstra meM rudra kA vIrya mAnA gayA hai, isalie rasArNava meM ziva-pArvatI-samvAda ke antargata pArada ko ziva apanA deharasa, pratyaGgasaMbhava Adi kaha rahe haiM / pArada kI utpatti ke lie dekheM-"zivAGgAt pracyutaM retaH patitaM dharaNItale / taddehasArajAtatvAcchuklamacchamabhUcca tat / atra bhedena vijJeyaM zivavIrya caturvidham / zvetaM raktaM tathA pItaM kRSNaM tattu bhavet kramAt / brAhmaNaH kSatriyo vaizyaH zUdrastu khalu jAtitaH // " pArada kI supta avasthA kA artha hai jaba vaha mUla rUpa meM ho, zuddha nahIM kiyA gayA ho| aisI hI avasthA meM usakI tulanA ziva se kI jAtI hai| (2. jIvanmukti kI AvazyakatA ) nanu prakArAntareNApi jIvanmuktiyuktau neyaM vAcothuktiyuktimatIti cenna, SaTsvapi darzaneSu dehapAtAnantaraM muktaruktatayA tatra vizvAsAnupapattyA nivicikitsprvRtternupptteH| tadapyuktaM tatraiva-. 3. SaDdarzane'pi muktistu varzitA pinnddpaatne| karAmalakavatsApi pratyakSA nopalabhyate / tasmAttaM rakSayetpiNDa rasaizcaiva rasAyanaiH // iti / yadi yaha zaMkA kareM ki dUsare prakAroM se bhI to jIvanmukti ke upAya [ batalAye gaye ] haiM, isalie yaha kathana ( = pArada sevana se zarIra ko sthira karake jIvanmukta honA ) ThIka nahIM hai-[ to samAdhAna yaha hogA ki ] aisI zaMkA na kareM, kyoMki chahoM darzanoM meM dehapAta

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ke bAda mukti kA kathana hone se, vizvAsa ( = aisI mukti meM ) na hokara, [ logoM kI ] asaMdigdha ( vizvAsapUrvaka ) pravRtti [ chahoM darzanoM meM kahe gaye upAyoM ke prati ] nahIM ho sakatI / yaha bAta bhI vahIM para ( rasArNava meM ) kahI gaI hai - 'chahoM darzanoM meM zarIranAza ke bAda hI mukti kA nirdeza huA hai, vaha ( mukti ) hAtha meM rakhe hue AMvale kI bhA~ti pratyakSa rUpa se nahIM milatI, ataH isa zarIra kI rakSA rasoM aura rasAyanoM se karanI cAhie / ' vizeSa - vAcoyukti = ghoSaNA, kathana ( aluk samAsa ), nirvicikitsa = niHsaMzaya, vizvAsapUrNa / karAmalakavat = hAtha meM rakhe AMvale kI taraha; yaha eka laukika nyAya hai / jaba koI bAta pratyakSa se hI siddha ho jAtI hai, kisI pramANa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI taba isakA prayoga hotA hai, jaise- zarIrasya vinAzaH karAmalakavat / rasa = pArada se bane hue yoga ( auSadhiyAM ) / rasAyana = aisI auSadhi jisase vRddhAvasthA na Ave / rasezvaradarzana ke virodha meM zaMkA yaha kI gaI hai ki chahoM darzanoM meM bhI jIvanmukti kA varNana hai, mithyAjJAna ke vinAza ke bAda sadjJAna se honevAlI mukti kA nirdeza sabhI loga karate haiM ( rAmAnuja - Adi ise nahIM mAnate ) / taba rasezvara darzana kA upakrama vyartha hai / isake uttara meM ye kahate haiM--chahoM darzanoM meM jIvanmukti kA nirdeza hone para bhI vahA~ zarIranAza ke bAda hI vAstavika mukti kA kathana hai / isase mAlUma par3atA hai ki jIvanmukti ke prati ve loga virasatA dikhalAte haiM / logoM meM yaha bhrama ho jAyagA ki do prakAra ko muktiyA~ kaisI haiM, ve jIvanmukti yA parA - mukti ( mRtyu ke bAda ) meM bhI sandeha karane laga jAyeMge aura vizvAsa ke sAtha mukti prApta karane meM pravRtti nahIM dikhalAyeMge / sabase acchA hai ki rasarasAyana kA sevana karake zarIra ko ajara-amara kara leM aura saMsAra ko vizvAsa dilAyeM / saca to yaha hai ki sabhI loga apanI prazaMsA karate haiM, dUsare ko nikRSTa hI samajhate haiM / kulAcAra ( tAMtrika-mata ) meM bhI kahA hai 'jIvanmuktAvupAyastu kulamArgoM hi nAparaH / ( 3. hara-gaurI kI sRSTi - pArada, aAka ) 324 govindabhagavatpAdAcAryairapi 4. iti dhanazarIrabhogAnmatvA'nityAnsadeva yatanIyam / muktau sA ca jJAnAttaccAbhyAsAtsa ca sthire dehe // iti / nanu vinazvaratayA dRzyamAnasya dehasya kathaM nityatvamavasIyata iti cet -- maivaM maMsthAH / SATakauzikasya zarIrasyAnityatve'pi rasAbhrakapadAbhilapyaharagaurIsRSTijAtasya nityatvopapatteH / J pUjya govinda -: da-bhagavAn AcAryajI bhI [ kahate haiM ] - 'isa prakAra dhana, zarIra aura vilAsa ko anitya (kSaNika) samajhakara mukti ke lie sadA yatna karanA cAhie, vaha

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rasezvara-varzanam ( mukti ) jJAna se hotI hai, vaha ( jJAna ) bhI abhyAsa se hotA hai, abhyAsa tabhI sambhava hai jaba zarIra sthAyI ( nIroga ) ho / ' yadi koI pUche ki jo deha nazvara ke rUpa meM dikhAI par3atI hai vaha kaise nitya bana sakatI hai; to [ yaha zaMkA ] ThIka nahIM-aisA mata samajho, kyoMki yadyapi chaha kozoM ( tvacA, rakta, mAMsa, medas, asthi aura majjA ) kA banA zarIra anitya hai, tathApi rasa aura abhraka ke nAmoM se abhihita kramazaH ziva aura pArvatI kI sRSTi se utpanna [ deha to ] nitya ho sakatI hai| vizeSa-SaTkoza = tvacA, rakta, mAMsa, medas, asthi aura majjA-jo zarIra ko DhaMke rahate haiM / inameM prathama tIna mAtA se tathA bAda ke tIna pitA se prApta hote haiN| ye chahoM koza AtmA ke Avaraka ( DhaMkanevAle, chipAnevAle ) haiM / vedAntazAstra meM bhI annamaya, prANamaya, manomaya, vijJAnamaya aura Anandamaya-ina pA~ca kozoM kI mAnyatA hai / dekhiyepaJcadazI ( 3 / 1-11) / Ayurveda kta SaTkozoM se banA zarIra bhale hI anitya ho, parantu jaba isameM hara-gaurI kI sRSTi-rasa ( pArada ) aura abhraka-kA saMyoga ho jAyagA taba use ( zarIra ko) hama nitya banA deNge| pArada ziva kI sRSTi hai tathA abhraka pArvatI kii| isa taraha zarIra nitya ho jAne para chaha kozoMvAle zarIra kA tyAga bhI nahIM hogA aura use divya tathA dRr3ha bhI banA diyA jAyagA / taba mRtyubhaya miTa jAyegA / tathA ca rasahRdaye5. ye cAtyaktazarIrA haragaurIsRSTijAM tanuM praaptaaH| muktAste rasasiddhA mantragaNaH kiMkaro yeSAm // ( 17 ) iti / tasmAjjIvanmukti samIhamAnena yoginA prathamaM divyatanuvidheyA / haragaurIsRSTisaMyogajanitatvaM ca rasasya harajatvenAbhrakasya gaurIsaMbhavatvena tattadAtmakatvamuktam6. abhrakastava bIjaM tu mama bIjaM tu pAradaH / anayormelanaM devi mRtyudAridrayanAzanam // iti / usI prakAra rasahRdaya meM [ kahA gayA ] 'jo loga zarIra ko binA tyAge hue hI hara-gaurI kI sRSTi (pArada-abhraka ) se banA huA zarIra pAye hue haiM, ve rasasiddha ( rasoM ko siddha karanevAle ) lokamukta haiM, mantroM kA samUha to unakA kiMkara ( dAsa ) hai|' isalie jIvanmukti ko kAmanA karanevAle yogI ko pahale divya-zarIra kara lenA cAhie / rasa ( pArada ) hara se utpanna hai, abhraka gaurI se; hara-gaurI-sRSTi ke saMyoga se utpanna honA tathA una devatAoM kA rUpa honA [ isa zloka meM ] kahA gayA hai--[ ziva pArvatI se kahate haiM ]-'abhraka tumhArA bIja hai aura merA bIja pArada hai; he devi, ina donoM kA milanA mRtyu aura daridratA kA nAzaka hai|'

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326 sarvadarzanasaMgrahevizeSa-rasa-hRdaya govinda bhagavatpAdAcArya kA likhA huA grantha hai / ye Adya zaMkarAcArya ke guru the| inakA samaya prAyaH 780 I0 hai / yaha Ayurveda-rasAyana- zAstra kA suvikhyAta grantha hai / abhraka pArada melana se divyazarIra dhAraNa karake mRtyu kA nAza kara sakate haiM, siddha-pArada se viddha hone para lohA suvarNa bana jAtA hai isI se ise daridratA kA nAzaka kahA gayA hai / 'rasasiddha' zabda meM zleSa dikhalAte hue bhartRhari ne nItizataka meM aise hI mukta puruSoM kA saMketa kiyA hai jayanti te sukRtino rasasiddhAH kavIzvarAH / nAsti yeSAM yazaHkAye jarAmaraNajaM bhayam // (4. rasa kI sAmarthya se divya-deha kI prApti ) atyalpamidamucyate / devadaityamunimAnavAdiSu bahavo rasasAmarthyAdivyaM dehamAzritya jIvanmuktimAzritAH zrUyante rasezvarasiddhAnte7. devAH kecinmahezAdyA daityAH kaavypurssraaH| munayo bAlakhilyAdyA nRpAH someshvraadyH|| 8. govindabhagavatpAdAcAryo govindanAyakaH / carvaTiH kapilo vyAliH kApAliH kndlaaynH|| 9. ete'nye bahavaH siddhA jIvanmuktAzcaranti hi / tanuM rasamayIM prApya tadAtmakakathAcaNAH // iti / yaha to bahuta thor3A hI kahA hai| rasezvara siddhAnta meM kahA gayA hai ki devoM, daityoM, muniyoM aura manuSyoM meM bahuta logoM ne, rasa kI zakti se, divya zarIra dhAraNa karake jIvanmukti pAI hai| [ ve haiM-] kucha devatAgaNa, jaise--maheza ityAdi, kAvya ( zukrAcArya ) ityAdi detya, bAlakhilya Adi muni, somezvara Adi rAjA, govinda-bhagavatpAdAcArya, govindanAyaka, carvaTi, kapila, vyAli, kApAli, kandalAyana-ye tathA dUsare bhI bahuta se siddha loga, jIvanmukta hokara [ pArada-] rasa se banA zarIra pAkara, usa ( rasa kI prazaMsA ) se paripUrNa AkhyAnoM se prasiddha hokara, vicaraNa karate haiN| vizeSa-rasezvara siddhAnta somadeva kA likhA huA grantha hai jinakA samaya nirdhArita nahIM ho sakA hai / mahezAdyAH se abhiprAya hai zevadarzana meM ukta vidyazvaroM kA ananta, sUkSma, zivottama, ekanetra, ekarudra, trimUrtika, zrIkaNTha, zikhaNDI Adi / kathAcaNAH= kathAoM se prasiddha / 'tena vittazcuJcupcaNapo' (pA0 sU0 5 / 2 / 26 ) se 'kathAbhiH vittaH prasiddhaH' isa artha meM caNap pratyaya huA hai| artha hogA-sadA rasa kI kathA kahanevAle, kathAoM se prsiddh| (5. do prakAra ke karma-yoga ) ayamevArthaH paramezvareNa paramezvarI prati prapazcitaH

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327 rasezvara-carzanam 10. karmayogeNa devezi prApyate piNDadhAraNam / rasazca pavanazceti karmayogo dvidhA smRtaH // 11. mUcchito harati vyAdhInmRto jIvayati svayam / baddhaH khecaratAM kuryAdraso vAyuzca bhairavi // iti / yahI artha paramezvara ( ziva ) ne pArvatI ko vistArapUrvaka samajhAyA hai-'he deviyoM kI devi ! karmayoga ( kriyAvidhi se ) zarIra kI sthiratA prApta hotI hai, yaha karmayoga do prakAra kA hai rasa ( pArada ) aura vAyu ( = prANavAyu ) / he bhairavi ! pArada aura pavana mUrchita hone para rogoM kA haraNa karate haiM; svayaM mRta hone para jilAte haiM aura baddha hone para AkAza meM calane kI zakti dete haiN|' vizeSa-karmayoga = zarIra ke karmoM ko sthira karanevAle padArtha-pArA aura prANavAyu / prANavAyu zarIra ke andara saMcaraNa karatI hai / prANAyAma ke dvArA prANavAyu ko roka dete haiM jisase usameM vizeSa gati utpanna ho jAtI hai tathA yaha 'mUcchita' kahalAtI hai| mUcchita hone se hI roganivAraNa kI zakti isameM A jAtI hai / rasasiddha yogI ke roga naSTa hote haiM / adhika nirodha hone para yaha svayaM mRta ho jAtI hai, tathApi yogiyoM ko apane se alaga hone nahIM detI-zarIra nitya ho jAtA hai / stambhita hone para AkAza meM calane kI ___ zakti bhI detI hai / isa prakAra na kevala pArada, pratyuta prANavAyu para bhI rasasiddha yogiyoM kA adhikAra dekhA jAtA hai| (6. pArada ke tIna svarUpa-mUchita, mRta aura baddha) mUcchitasvarUpamuktam12. nAnAvarNo bhavetsUto vihAya ghanacApalam / lakSaNaM dRzyate yasya mUcchitaM taM vadanti hi // 13. ArdratvaM ca ghanatvaM ca tejo gauravacApalam / yasyaitAni na dRzyante taM vidyAnmRtasUtakam // iti / anyatra baddhasvarUpamapyabhyadhAyi14. akSatazca laghudrAvI tejasvI nirmalo guruH / sphoTanaM punarAvRttI baddhasUtasya lakSaNam // iti / mUcchita [ pArada ] kA svarUpa yoM kahA gayA hai-"jaba pArada ( sUta ) kaI varSoM kA ho aura usameM ghanatva aura caMcalatA ( taralatA ) na ho, isa prakAra ke lakSaNa dikhalAI par3ane para use mUcchita (-pArada ) kahate haiM / Ardra honA, ghanatva, camaka, guNatva aura taralatva, ye ( lakSaNa ) jisameM nahIM dikhalAI par3eM use mRta sUtaka (pArada ) samajhanA caahie|" dUsarI jagaha ( anya pustaka meM ) baddha (pArada ) kA svarUpa bhI kahA gayA hai-"jo kSayarahita, thor3A dravita honevAlA, tejomaya ( camakIlA ), svaccha, guru ( bhArI )

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328 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe tathA punaH AvRttikAla ( saMskAra karane ke samaya ) meM vikarita honevAlA--yaha baddha pArada kA lakSaNa hai| (7. rasa ke aSTAdaza saMskAra ) nanu haragaurIsRSTisiddhau piNDastharyamAsthAtuM pAryate, tasiddhireva kathamiti cet--na / aSTAdazasaMskAravazAttadupapattaH / taduktamAcAryaH15. tasya prasAdhanavidhau sudhiyA pratikarmanirmalAH prathamam / aSTAdaza saMskArA vijJAtavyAH praratnena // iti / [ aisA prazna pUcha sakate haiM ki ] yadi [ pArada ko ] hara aura gaurI kI sRSTi siddha kara dene para zarIra ko sthira karanA sambhava hai, lekina ise kaise siddha kara sakate haiM ? yaha tarka ThIka nahIM, kyoMki [ pArada ] ke aSTAdaza saMskAroM se hI usakI upapatti (siddhi) ho jAtI hai| AcAryoM ne kahA hai-'usa ( pArada ) ke sAdhana kI vidhi meM, pahale vidvAnoM ko, prayatnapUrvaka, pratyeka karma meM nirmala karanevAle, [ pArada ke ] aThAraha saMskAroM ko jAnanA caahie|' vizeSa-uparyukta zaMkA kA abhiprAya yaha hai-rasa aura abhraka hara-gaurI kI sRSTi hai sahI, yaha bhI ThIka hai ki una donoM ko siddha kara lene para zarIra ajara-amara ho jAyagA, kintu hamArA bhautika zarIra to rasAbhraka kI tIvratA ko sahana nahIM kara sakegA-isIlie pArada ko aThAraha karmoM se saMskRta karate haiN| isake bAda vaha zarIra ke lie sahya bana sakatA hai| pratikarmanirmalAH = aThAraha saMskAroM meM eka ke bAda dUsare meM pArada nirmala se nirmalatara hotA jAtA hai| te ca saMskArA nirUpitAH16. svedanamardanamUrchanasthApanapAtananirodhaniyamAzca / dIpanagamanagrAsapramANamatha jAraNapidhAnam // 17. garbhadrutibAhyadrutikSAraNasaMrAgasAraNAzcaiva / krAmaNavedhau bhakSaNamaSTAdazadheti rasakarma // iti / tatprapaJcastu govindabhagavatpAdAcArya-sarvajJarAmezvarabhaTTArakaprabhRtibhiH prAcInarAcArya nirUpita iti granthabhUyastvabhayAdudAsyate / [ rasa ke ] una [ aSTAdaza ] saMskAroM ( zuddha karane ke upAyoM ) kA varNana isa prakAra huA hai-(1) svedana, (2) mardana, (3) mUrchana, (4) sthApana, (5) pAtana, (6) nirodha, (7) niyama, (8) dIpana, (9) gamana, (10) grAsapramANa, (11) jAraNa, ( 12 ) pidhAna, ( 13 ) garbhadruti, ( 14 ) bAhyadra ti, (15) kSAraNa, (16) saMrAga, (17) sAraNa tathA ( 18 ) krAmaNa aura vedha karake bhakSaNa karanA---ye rasa ke aThAraha karma haiM / inakI vyAkhyA govindabhagavatpAdAcArya tathA sarvajJa rAmezvara Adi prAcIna AcAryoM ne kI hai, ataH yahA~ grantha bar3ha jAne ke bhaya se use chor3a diyA jAtA hai| ...

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rasezvara-varzanam 329 vizeSa-pArada ke aThAraha saMskAroM kA varNana kisI rasAyana-zAstra kI pustaka meM dekheM / inameM kitanI prakriyAeM to vaijJAnika haiM, AdhunikatA se pUrA mela rakhatI haiM / inakA sAmAnya artha isa prakAra hai-(1) svedana = ArdratA nikAla denA, (2) mardana = masalanA, ghisanA, ( 3 ) mUrchana = ghanatva aura taralatA nikAla denA, ( 4 ) sthApana = ' sthira AkAra kA karanA, ( 5 ) pAtana = girAnA, ( 6 ) nirodhana = rokanA, (7) niyamana = sImita karanA, (8) dIpana = jalAnA, (9) gamana = calanA yA ur3AnA, (10) grAsapramANa = golI banAnA, (11) jAraNa = cUrNa banAnA, (12) pidhAna = DhaMka denA, (13 ) garbhadruti = AMtarika parivartana, (14) bAhyadruti = bAhya parivartana, (15) kSAraNa = kSAra ke rUpa meM kara denA, (16 ) saMrAga = raMganA, (17 ) sAraNa = chir3akanA, tathA ( 18 ) krAmaNa (Tukar3e karake ) aura vedhana ( cIra kara ) karake bhakSaNa krnaa| (8. dehavedha aura usako AvazyakatA ) na ca rasazAstraM dhAtuvAdArthameveti mantavyam / dehavedhadvArA muktareva paramaprayojanatvAt / taduktaM rasANave 18. lohavedhastvayA deva yadarthamupavarNitaH / taM dehavedhamAcakSva yena syAtkhecarI gtiH|| 19. yathA lohe tathA dehe kartavyaH sUtakaH staa| samAnaM kurute devi pratyayaM dehalohayoH // pUrva lohe parIkSeta pazcAddehe prayojayet // iti / yaha na samajheM ki rasa-zAstra kevala dhAtuoM ke arthavAda ( stutiparaka lAkSaNika vAkya = prazaMsA ) ke lie hai, kyoMki parama lakSya to dehavedha ( zarIra meM pAre kA prayoga ) se honevAlI mukti hI hai / yaha rasArNava meM kahA hai-[ pArvatI ziva se pUchatI haiM ki ] he deva, jisa prayojana kI siddhi ke lie Apane lohavedha kA varNana kiyA hai usa dehavedha kA varNana kIjie, jisase AkAza meM calane kI zakti prApta hotI hai| [ziva ne kahA ] he devi, sajjanoM ko cAhie ki jisa prakAra lauha meM ( = rakta meM ) pArada kA prayoga karate haiM usI prakAra deha meM bhI kareM [ kyoMki ] zarIra aura rakta donoM meM isakA eka hI rUpa rahatA hai| pahale rakta meM parIkSA kare, phira deha meM prayoga kare / vizeSa-arthavAda = stuti yA nindA ke lie prayukta lakSyArthayukta vAkya, jaiseapi giri zirasA bhindyAt = aisA karane para pahAr3a ko bhI sira se tor3a de sakatA hai| isakA lakSyArtha hai ki usake pAsa kAphI zakti ho jaaygii| abhiprAya yaha hai ki rasazAstra meM dhAtuoM kI prazaMsA hI hai, so bAta nahIM-usakA antima lakSya hai mukti ( jIvanmukti ); jo dehavedha se hotI hai| dehavedha = zarIra ko nitya karanA, pAre kA zarIra meM prayoga /

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330 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe lohavedha = loha ( lahU ) para rasa kA prayoga / jaise rakta meM praviSTa hone para pArA rakta ko kAMcanavat divya kara detA hai, usI prakAra deha meM praviSTa ho jAne para use bhI divya kara degA / ( 9. jIvitAvasthA meM mukti dehavedha ke viSaya meM zaMkA ) nanu saccidAnandAtmakaparatattvasphuraNAdeva muktisiddhau kimanena divyadehasaMpAdanaprayAseneti cet -- tadetadvArtam / avArtazarIrAlAbhe tadvArtAyA ayogAt / taduktaM rasahRdaye 20. galitAnalpavikalpaH sarvAdhvavivakSitazcidAnandaH / sphurito'pyasphuritatanoH karoti kiM jantuvargasya // ( ra0 hR0 1 / 20 ) iti / 21. yajjarayA jarjaritaM kAsazvAsAdiduHkhavizadaM ca / yogyaM yanna samAdhau pratihatabuddhIndriyaprasaram / / ( 0 hu0 1 / 29 ) iti / 22. bAlaH SoDazavarSo viSaya rasAsvAdalampaTaH parataH / yAtaviveko vRddho matyaMH kathamApnuyAnmuktim // iti / koI yaha pUcha sakatA hai ki sat, cit aura Ananda ke rUpa meM parama tattva ke sphuraNa mukti kI bAta ) ( sAkSAtkAra ) se hI jaba mukti mila jAtI hai taba divya-deha banAne ke lie isa prakAra ke prayAsa se kyA lAbha hai ? [ uttara hogA ki ] yaha tarka vyartha ( vArta ) hai, kyoMki vAstavika ( satya ) zarIra binA pAye hue aisI bAta ( AtmasAkSAtkAra se ho hI nahIM sakatI hai / vaisA rasahRdaya meM kahA hai- 'sabhI vikalpoM ko naSTa karanevAlA tathA sabhI sthAnoM ( darzanoM) se sammata cidAnanda sphurita ( prakaTa ) hone para, aprakaTa ( asthira ) zarIravAle jIvoM para kyA kara sakatA hai ? ( rasahRdaya, 1120 ) / jo (zarIra ) vRddhAvasthA se jarjarita ( jIrNa-zIrNa ) ho gayA hai, jisameM khA~sI aura damA Adi duHkha pUrNatayA vyApta hoM, jisameM jJAnendriyoM kA prasAra ( gati ) kuNThita ho jAtA ho, vaha samAdhi ke yogya (zarIra ) nahIM hai / ( 20 hu0 1 / 29 ) / manuSya solaha varSoM taka to bAlaka rahatA hai, bAda meM viSaya-rasa ke AsvAda meM lipaTA rahatA hai, vRddha hone para viveka-zUnya ho jAtA hai, vaha mukti kaise pA sakatA hai ? 1 sm ( 10. jIvitAvasthA meM mukti -- eka vAda ) nanu jIvatvaM nAma saMsAritvam / tadviparItatvaM muktatvam / tathA ca parasparaviruddhayoH kathamekAyatanatvamupapannaM syAditi cet tadanupapannam / 1 -- tulanIya - carpaTapaMjarikA stotra meM bAlastAvatkrIDAsaktaH " 1

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rasezvara-varzanam 331 vikalpAnupapattaH / muktistAvatsarvatIrthakarasaMmatA / sA kiM jJeyapade nivizate na vA / carame zazaviSANakalpA syAt / prathame na jIvanaM varjanIyam / ajIvato jnyaatRtvaanupptteH| taduktaM rasezvarasiddhAnte23. rasAGkameyamArgokto jIvamokSo'nyathA tu na / pramANAntaravAdeSu yuktibhedAvalambiSu // 24. jJAtRjJeyamidaM viddhi sarvatantreSu saMmatam / nAjIvajJAsyati jJeyaM yadato'styeva jIvanam // iti / koI pUcha sakatA hai ki jIva hone kA abhiprAya hai saMsAra ke sAtha rahanA, usase pRthak rahane meM mukti hai / taba paraspara viruddha [ vastuoM-jIva aura mukti-] kA eka Ayatana (AdhAra ) meM rahanA kaise siddha ho sakatA hai ? [ uttara hogA ki ] yaha tarka ThIka nahIM, kyoMki isameM honevAle donoM vikalpa asiddha ho jaayNge| mukti ko to sabhI tIrthakara ( dArzanika sampradAya ke AcArya ) mAnate haiN| kyA vaha mukti ( 1 ) jJeya hai yA (2) nahIM ? yadi ajJeya mAnate haiM to 'kharahe ko sIMga' jaise zabdoM kI taraha asambhava ( kalpanA kA viSaya ) ho jAyagI, aura yadi pahalA vikalpa ( mukti ko jJeya ) mAnate haiM to jIvana ko tyAga nahIM sakate, kyoMki binA jIvana ke koI jJAtA bana jAyagA-aisA siddha nahIM kara sakate / rasezvara siddhAnta meM kahA hai-rasa-zAstra ( rasezvara darzana ) meM kathita niyama ke anusAra hI jIvanmukti sambhava hai, dUsare kisI prakAra se nahIM / vibhinna yuktiyoM kA avalambana karanevAle [ vibhinna darzanoM meM ] jahA~ [ jIvanmukti ko siddha karane ke lie ] dUsare pramANa diye gaye haiM, vahAM bhI samajha lo ki sabhI tantroM se sammata jJAtA aura jJeya kA sambandha rahatA hI hai / jJeya ( mukti ) ko cUMki jIvana se rahita vyakti nahIM jAna sakatA, ataH jIvana kI sattA svIkAra karanI par3egI hii|' vizeSa-Upara jIvanmukti ko siddha karane kI bar3I sundara yukti hai / pUrvapakSiyoM kA kahanA hai ki jIvita honA ( saMsAra meM rahanA ) aura mukta honA donoM virodhI dhAraNAeM hai-eka sthAna para donoM kI sattA ho hI nahIM sktii| isa para uttarapakSI dUsarI hI yukti kA Azraya lete haiM ki mukti kI satA yadi hai to jJAtA aura jJeya kA sambandha bhI rahegA-mukti jJeya rahegI, isakA jJAtA koI jIvadhArI vyakti honA cAhie, kyoMki nirjIva yA mRta vyakti ise kaise jAna skeNge| isalie jIvita honA aura mukta honAdonoM kI sattA eka sAtha svIkAra karane meM hI kuzala hai, nahIM to jJAnamImAMsAviSaya ( Epistemological ) ApattiyAM uttheNgii| yadi mukti ko ajJeya mAnate haiM taba to yaha bilkula kalpanA kI vastu ho jAyagI, dusarI sattA hI nahIM rhegii| mukti kI sattA mAnane para jIvanmukti hI ekamAtra mAnanI par3egI, videha mukti ke lie koI sthAna nahIM /

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332 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe( 11. zarIra ko nityatA-isake pramANa ) na cedamadRSTacaramiti mantavyam / viSNusvAmimatAnusAribhina paJcAsyazarIrasya nityatvopapAdanAt / taduktaM sAkArasiddhau25. saccignityanijAcintyapUrNAnandakavigraham / nRpaJcAsyamahaM vande zrIviSNusvAmisaMmatam // iti / aisA bhI na samajheM ki yaha ( deha kA nityatva ) pahale se dekhA nahIM gayA hai / viSNusvAmI ke mata para calanevAle loga narasiMha (nR+paMcAsya = paMcAnana ) ke zarIra ko nitya siddha karate haiN| jaisA ki sAkArasiddhi meM kahA gayA hai-sat, cit, nitya ke svarUpa meM, nija ( apanA ), aciMtanIya aura pUrNa Ananda ke rUpa meM jinakA ekamAtra zarIra ( vigraha) hai, vaise narasiMha kI maiM vandanA karatA hU~ jo zrIviSNusvAmI se sammata haiM / vizeSa-sat = jisakI sattA hai, sadA prakAzitA hai| ciH = zuddha jJAnasvarUpa / nitya = sadA saMsAra meM vidyamAna, trikAla meM abAdhita / nija = AtmasvarUpa / pUrNAnanda = AtmasAkSAtkAra ke samaya jaisA Ananda jisameM jJAtA aura jJeya kA dvaidha miTa jAya / vigraha = zarIra / yaha dhyeya hai ki ve sAre vizeSaNa brahma ke svarUpa-lakSaNa ke lie advaita-mata meM yukta hote haiN| nanvetatsAdhyavaM rUpavadavabhAsamAnaM nukaNThIravAGgaM saditi na saMgacchata ityAdinAkSepapuraHsaraM sanakAdipratyakSaM, 'sahasrazIrSA puruSaH' ( zve0 3 / 14 ) ityAdi zruti,tamadbhutaM bAlakamambujekSaNaM caturbhujaM zaGkhagadAdhudAyudham / (bhAga0 10 // 3 // 9), ityAdipurANalakSaNena pramANatrayeNa siddhaM nRpaJcAnanAGgaM kathamasatsyAditi sadAdIni vizeSaNAni garbhazrIkAntamiviSNasvAmicaraNapariNatAntaHkaraNaH pratipAditAni / tasmAdasmadiSTadehanityatvamatyantAdRSTaM na bhavatIti puruSArthakAmukaiH puruSaireSTavyam / ata evoktam 26. AyatanaM vidyAnAM mUlaM dharmArthakAmamokSANAm / zreyaH paraM kimanyaccharIramajarAmaraM vihAyakam // iti| [ aba prazna ho sakatA hai ki ] narasiMha ke dikhalAI par3anevAle zarIra ko jisameM avayava ( aMga-pratyaMga ) tathA rUpa ( AkRti yA raMga ) bhI haiM, sattAyukta kahanA saMgata nahIM hai| isa AkSepa ke bAda-(1) sanakAdi RSiyoM ke pratyakSa AdhAra para, ( 2 ) 'sahasra siravAle puruSa'-isa vedika pramANa ke AdhAra para tathA ( 3) 'usa vicitra, kamala-nayana, cArabhujAoMvAle, tathA zaMkha-gadA Adi AyudhoMvAle bAlaka ko' ( kRSNa ke varNana meM, bhAgavata

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rasezvara-darzanam 333 10|3|9)-is prakAra ke paurANika-lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para, tIna pramANoM se siddha hone para bhI narasiMha kA zarIra kese asat hogaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki sat Adi (cit, nitya, nija Adi ) vizeSaNoM kA pratipAdana, viSNusvAmI ke caraNoM meM apane antaHkaraNa ko lagAnevAle unake ziSya zrIkAnta mizra ne kiyA hai| isalie hamArA pratipAdya viSaya jo deha kA nityatva hai vaha bilkula nahIM dekhA gayA, aisI bAta nahIM--yaha puruSArtha kI kAmanA karanevAle vyakti khoja leM isI se kahA hai-'sabhI vidyAoM kA samUha tathA dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa kA mUla ekamAtra ajara aura amara zarIra ko chor3akara, dUsarA kyA [ ho sakatA hai ] ?' (12. pArada-rasa ke sevana se jarAmaraNa se mukti ) . ajarAmarIkaraNasamarthazca rasendra ev| tadAha eko'sau rasarAjaH zarIramarAjamaraM kurute / iti / kiM varNyate rasasya mAhAtmyam ? darzanasparzanAdinApi mahatphalaM bhavati / ajara aura amara karane kI sAmarthya rasarAja ( pArada ) meM hI hai| use kahA hai'eka rasarAja hI zarIra ajara-amara karatA hai|' rasa kI mahimA kyA kahI jAya ? dekhane aura chUne se bhI bar3A phala milatA hai| . ( 13. pArada-liMga kI mahimA ) taduktaM rasANave 27. darzanAtsparzanAttasya bhakSaNAtsmaraNAdapi / pUjanAdrasadAnAcca dRzyate SaDvidhaM phalam / / 28. kedArAdIni liGgAni pRthivyAM yAni kAnicit / tAni dRSTvA tu yatpuNyaM tatpuNyaM rasadarzanAt // ityaadinaa| anyatrApi 29. kAzyAdisarvaliGgabhyo rslinggaarcnaacchivH| prApyate yena talliGga bhogArogyAmRtapradam // iti / ___vaisA hI rasArNava meM kahA gayA hai-'usake dekhane se, chUne se, khAne se yA kevala smaraNa se bhI, isakI pUjA karane se yA svAda lene se chaha prakAra ke phala milate haiN| pRthvI meM kedAra Adi yA dUsare jo bhI liMga ( zivaliMga ) haiM, unheM dekhane se jo puNya hotA hai, vaha rasa ( pArada ) ke darzana se bhI milatA hai| dUsarI jagaha bhI--'kAzI-Adi [ sabhI tIrthoM ] 1. tula0 kAlidAsa, kumAra0-zarIramAdya khalu dharmasAdhanam ( 5 / 33) /

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334 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ke liGgoM se bar3hakara rasarUpI liMga kI arcanA se ziva ( devatA yA kalyANa) kI prApti hotI hai, kyoMki vaha liMga bhoga, Arogya aura amaratA pradAna karatevAlA hai|' rasanindAyAH pratyavAyo'pi vazitaH30. pramAdAdrasanindAyAH zrutAvenaM smretsudhiiH| drAktyajennindakaM nityaM nindayA pUritAzubham // iti / [pArada-] rasa kI nindA karane kA kupariNAma dikhalAyA gayA hai-'vidvAna yadi pramAdavaza rasa ko nindA kara de to apane mana meM [ usake parihAra ke lie ] isa ( pArada ) kA smaraNa kara le| nindaka ko sadA ke lie turata chor3a de, kyoMki vaha apanI nindA ke calate pApapUrNa hai|' (14. puruSArtha aura brahma-pada ) tasmAdasmaduktayA rItyA divyaM dehaM saMpAdya yogAbhyAsavazAtparatattve dRSTe puruSArthaprAptirbhavati / tadA-- 31. bhrayugamadhyagataM yacchikhividyutsUryavajjagadbhAsi / keSAMcitpuNyadRzAmunmIlati cinmayaM jyotiH|| 32. paramAnandaikarasaM paramaM jyotiHsvabhAvamavikalpam / vigalitasakalaklezaM jJeyaM zAntaM svasaMvedyam // 33. tasminnAdhAya manaH sphuradakhilaM cinmayaM jagatpazyan / utsannakarmabandho brahmatvamihaiva cApnoti // (ra0 hR0 1 / 21 / -23) isa prakAra hamAre sampradAya meM kahI gaI vidhi se divya-zarIra banAkara, yoga ( brahma ke sAtha ekatA kI sthApanA ) ke abhyAsa ke dvArA paramatattva dekha lene para puruSArtha kI prApti hotI hai / taba-'donoM bhauMhoM ke bIca meM sthita rahanevAlI tathA jo agni, vidyut tathA sUrya kI taraha saMsAra ko prakAzita karatI hai vaha cit ( cetanatA ) ke svarUpa meM vartamAna jyoti kinhIM-kinhIM hI puNya (pavitra ) dRSTivAle ( vyaktiyoM) ke samakSa khulatI ( prakAzita hotI ) hai ( 31 ) / parama Ananda kI prApti karAnevAlA, eka ( advaita ) rasa se paripUrNa paramatattva ke rUpa meM, jyoti ho jisakA svarUpa hai, jisameM kisI vikalpa ( pakSAntara ) kA sthAna nahIM, jisase sabhI kleza ( kaSTa ) nikala jAte haiM, jo jJAna kA viSaya hai, zAnta hai, apane meM hI anubhava kI vastu hai ( 32 )-usameM apane mana ko lagA1. tulanIya-pAradaM paramezAni brahmaviSNuzivAtmakam / yo yajetpAradaM liGgaM sa eSa zambhuravyayaH / / ( abhyaMkaraTIkA meM uddhRt)|

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rasezvara-darzanam 335 kara, prakAzita honevAle samasta cinmaya saMsAra ko dekhate hue manuSya, sabhI karma-bandhanoM ke naSTa ho jAne para yahIM ( pRthvI meM) brahmatva prApta kara letA hai ( 33) / ' ( rasahRdaya 1 / 21-23) / (15. rasa aura parabrahma meM samatA-rasastuti ) zratizca--'raso vai sH| rasaM hyevAyaM labdhvAnandI bhavati' (tai0 271) iti / taditthaM bhavadainyaduHkhabharataraNopAyo rasa eveti siddham / tathA ca rasasya parabrahmaNA sAmyamiti pratipAdakaH zlokaH34. yaH syAtprAvaraNAvimocanadhiyAM sAdhyaH prakRtyA punaH sampannaH saha tena dIvyati paraM vaizvAnare jAgrati // jJAto yadyaparaM na vedayati ca svasmAtsvayaM dyotate yo brahmeva sa dainyasaMsRtibhayAtpAyAdasau paardH|| iti zrImatsAyaNamAdhavIye sarvadarzanasaMgrahe rasezvaradarzanam / vaidika pramANa bhI hai-'vaha ( paramAtmA ) rasa hI hai| vaha ( puruSa ) rasa ( pArada ) ko pAkara AnandI ( mukta ) hotA hai' ( taittirIya0 2 / 7 / 1 ) to isa prakAra bhava ( AvAgamana ) tathA dainya-duHkha ke bhAra se bacane kA upAya rasa hI hai, yaha siddha huaa| usI prakAra 'rasa kI samatA parabrahma se hai' yaha siddha karanevAlA zloka [ dekheM]-'prAvaraNA [ bhrAnti ] se mukti pAne kI icchAvAle vyakti svabhAvataH jisakI sAdhanA karate haiM, phira [ yaha pArada ] pUrNa ho jAne se, vaizvAnara ke jAgRta hone para usI ke sAtha khelatA bhI hai. jo svayaM jJAta hone para bhI dUsaroM ko jJAta nahIM karAtA, apane Apa prakAzita hotA hai. jo brahma ke samAna hai vaha pArada dInatA aura saMsAra ke AvAgamana ke bhaya se hameM bacAve / ' isa prakAra zrImAn sAyaNa-mAdhava ke sarvadarzanasaMgraha meM rasezvara-darzana [ samApta huA ] / vizeSa-uparyukta zloka meM pArada kI stuti kI gaI, jisameM ise brahma ke sAre rahasya-vAdI vizeSaNa de diye gaye haiN| gapha ne apane anuvAda meM dUsarI paMkti yoM rakhI haisampannaH sahate na dIvyati0 arthAt pArada sampanna hone para sahatA nahIM aura jAgRta vaizvAnara hone para khelatA bhI nhiiN| iti bAlakavinomAGkareNa racitAyAM sarvadarzanasaMgrahasya prakAzAkhyAyAM vyAkhyAyAM rasezvaradarzanamavasitam /

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aulUkya-darzanam bhAvAH SaDeva muninA vihitAstavante cAnyo'pyamAva iti saptapadArthazAstram / sAmAnyavarNanaparo'pi vizeSarUpo'sau nityameva jayati prathitaH kaNAdaH // --RSiH / ( 1. duHkhAnta ke lie paramezvara kA sAkSAtkAra ) iha khalu nikhilaprekSAvAn nisargapratikUlavedanIyatayA nikhilAtmasaMvedanasiddhaM duHkhaM jihAsustaddhAnopAyaM jijJAsuH prmeshvrsaakssaatkaarmupaaymaaklyti| 1. yadA carmavadAkAzaM veSTayiSyanti mAnavAH / tadA zivamavijJAya duHkhasyAnto bhaviSyati // ityAdivacananicayaprAmANyAt / isa saMsAra meM jitane buddhimAna loga haiM ve duHkha kA tyAga karanA cAhate haiM; kyoMki duHkha kA anubhava karanA unakI prakRti ke viruddha par3atA hai aura isa duHkha kI sattA kA anubhava sabhI loga apanI AtmA meM karate hI hai / usa duHkha ke vinAza ke lie koI upAya jAnanA cAhate haiM aura nidAna unheM paramezvara kA sAkSAtkAra karanA hI upAya ke rUpa meM dikhalAI par3atA hai| isakI puSTi ke lie nimnalikhita rUpa meM prApta vacana pramANa hote haiM-'jaba camar3e kI taraha AkAza ko bhI loga DhaMkane laga jAyaM tabhI ziva (paramezvara ) ko jAne binA hI duHkha kA anta hone lagegA / ( zvetA0 6 / 20) / [ jisa prakAra camar3e ko DhaMkate haiM usI prakAra AkAza ko nahIM DhaMka sakate / ziva ke jJAna ke binA mukti pAnA aura AkAza ko DhaMkanA tulya hai / donoM hI asambhava kArya haiM / ' vizeSa--aulukya-darzana ko mukhyatayA loga vaizeSika ke rUpa meM jAnate haiM / isake pravataka kaNAda RSi the jo rAste para gire hue anna-kaNoM ko cunakara unheM hI khAkara apanI 1. isa DhaMga se kahanA atizayokti alaMkAra kA eka bheda haiN| yadi aisI-aisI ( asambhava ) bAteM hoM tabhI isa taraha kA kArya sambhava hai| kAlidAsa pArvatI ke smita kA varNana karate haiM puSpaM pravAlopahitaM yadi syAnmuktAphalaM vA sphuTavidrumastham /

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aulUkya-darzanam 1 jIvikA calAte the / inake kaNAda yA kaNabhakSa . kaNa + ad yA bhakSU = khAnA ) nAma par3ane kA yahI rahasya hai | udayanAcArya kI kiraNAvalI ke anusAra ye kazyapa gotra ke brAhmaNa the vAyupurANa meM inheM prabhAsa tIrtha kA nivAsI, somazarmA kA pitA evaM ziva kA avatAra mAnA gayA hai / paramparA hai ki ye ulUka RSi ke putra the isalie isa darzana ko aulUkya ( ulUka ke putra kA ) darzana kahate haiM / yaha bhI janazruti hai ki kaNAda tapasyA kara rahe the jaba ki unheM svayam Izvara ne ulUka kA rUpa dhAraNa karake chaha padArthoM kA upadeza diyA thA, isalie isa darzana ko aulUkya ( ulUkena proktam ) kahate haiM / 337 isa darzana ke 'vaizeSika' nAma par3ane ke bahuta se mata haiM / kucha logoM kA kahanA hai ki anya zAstroM se, vizeSatayA sAMkhya se, vizeSatA hone ke kAraNa isakA nAma vaizeSika par3A / dUsare kahate haiM ki gautama ke pratipAdita 16 padArthoM meM dharma aura dharmI kA spaSTa vivecana na hone ke kAraNa unakA paraspara sAdharmya aura vaidharmya dikhalAte hue suvyavasthita rUpa se dravya, guNa Adi 7 padArthoM kA hI varNana kaNAda ne kiyA hai / isa vizeSa uddezya se Age bar3hane ke kAraNa isakA nAma vaizeSika par3A / kintu ye sAre kAraNa kapola-kalpita haiM saca to yaha hai ki 'vizeSa' nAmaka padArtha para adhika jora dekara isakA samIcIna vivecana karane ke kAraNa hI ise vaizeSika darzana kahate haiM ( vyAsabhASya 1149 yogasUtra ) 1 vaizeSika darzana aura nyAya darzana samAna tantra kahalAte haiM, kyoMki donoM meM siddhAnta kI atyadhika samatA hai / donoM kA sAhitya bhI samAna rUpa se hI calatA hai / jo loga nyAya ke vidvAna haiM ve vaizeSika ke bhI haiM / eka kA bhI nAma lenA hotA hai to nyAya-vaizeSika hI kahate haiM / phira bhI vaizeSika sAhitya kI vipulatA apanA svatantra sthAna rakhatI hai isa darzana kA Arambha kaNAda ke vaizeSika sUtroM se hotA hai, jisameM 10 adhyAya ( pratyeka ke do-do Ahnika) aura 370 sUtra haiM / isa para prazastapAda kA tathAkathita bhASya hai, jo eka svatantra grantha hI hai / ise padArthadharma saMgraha bhI kahate haiM / vaizeSika siddhAntoM kI spaSTatara vivecanA hone ke kAraNa isa grantha kA bahuta adhika pracAra huA / isakA vahI sthAna hai jo pANini vyAkaraNa meM siddhAntakaumudI kA yA sAMkhyadarzana meM sAMkhyakArikA kA / bAda kI sArI TIkAeM isI para likhI gaIM ( prazastapAda kA samaya 450 I0 hai ) / isakI TIkAoM meM vyomazivAcArya ( 980I0) ko vyomavatI, udayanAcArya tato'nukuryAdvizadasya tasyAstA mroSThaparyastarucaH smitasya // ( ku0 1144 ) isI taraha zizupAla vadha meM kRSNa ke vakSaHsthala kA varNana - ubhau yadi vyomni pRthakpravAhAvAkAzagaGgApayasaH patetAm / tenopamIyeta tamAlanIlamAmuktamuktAlatamasya vakSaH // (zi0 ba0 338 )

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338 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ( 984 I0 ) kI kiraNAvalI, zrIdhara kI nyAyakandalI, zrIvatsa ( 1025 I0 ) kI lIlAvatI mukhya haiM / ina TIkAoM para bhI ekAdhika TIkAeM haiN| ____ kaNAda ke sUtroM para eka rAvaNabhASya bhI milatA hai, kintu sabase praur3ha TIkA hai zaMkara mizra kI / zaMkara ( 1425 I0 ) mithilA ke bahuta bar3e vidvAn tathA suprasiddha bhavanAtha mizra ( ayAcI mizra ) ke putra the| inakA nivAsasthAna sarisava ( darabhaMgA ) meM thaa| inhoMne kaNAdasUtra para upaskAra-TIkA, prazastapAda-bhASya para kaNAdarahasya-TIkA, Amoda ( nyAya-kumumAMjali kI TIkA, ) kalpalatA ( Atmatattvaviveka kI TIkA ), Anandavardhana ( khaNDanakhaNDakhAdya kI TIkA ), bhedaratnaprakAza (zrIharSa ke khaNDanakhaNDakhAdya kA khaNDana karanevAlA grantha ) ityAdi aneka grantha likhe| isake atirikta bharadvAja, jayanArAyaNa, nAgeza ( 1714 I0) tathA candrakAnta ( 1880 I0 ) ne kaNAdasUtra kI vRttiyA~ bhI likhiiN| vaizeSika darzana para svatantra grantha meM jJAnacandra ( 600 I0 ) kI dazapadArtho, udayana kI lakSaNAvalI, zivAditya ( 1050 I0 ) kI saptapadArtho, vallabhanyAyAcArya ( 1150 I0) kI nyAya-lIlAvatI tathA laugAkSibhAskara ( 1325 I0 ) kI tarkakaumudI haiM / ina para kaI TIkAeM anya AcAryoM kI haiN| __ prasiddhi kI dRSTi se vizvanAtha nyAyapaJcAnana kA bhASA-pariccheda tathA annaMbhaTTa kA tarkasaMgraha atyadhika mahattvapUrNa hai / bhASA-pariccheda para lekhaka ( 1634 I0) ko hI TIkA nyAyasiddhAntamuktAvalI hai jisa para rudra, dinakara, trilocana Adi AcAryoM ko TIkAeM haiM / rAmarudra ne to dinakarI para bhI TIkA likhI hai| annabhaTTa ( 1690 I0 ) ne apane tarka saMgraha para svayaM dIpikA TIkA likhI, jisa para nIlakaMTha kI prakAzaTIkA aura usa para bhI lakSmInRsiMha kI bhAskarodayA TIkA hai| tarkasaMgraha para bahuta-sI dUsarI TIkAeM bhI haiM jinakA ullekha karanA yahA~ abhISTa nahIM / tarkasaMgraha nyAyavaizeSika ke adhyayana kA prathama sopAna hai| isakI zailI atyanta subodha, sarala aura saMkSipta hai / isa prakAra vaizeSika-darzana ke pramukha granthoM kA ullekha karane se isakI 'vizeSatA' prakaTa hotI hai| paramezvarasAkSAtkArazca shrvnnmnnbhaavnaabhirbhaavniiyH| yadAha-- 2. AgamenAnumAnena dhyAnAbhyAsabalena ca / tridhA prakalpayanprajJAM labhate yogamuttamam // iti / tatra mananamanumAnAdhInam / anumAnaM ca vyAptijJAnAdhInam / vyAptijJAnaM ca padArthavivekasApekSam / ataH padArthaSaTakam 'athAto dharma vyAkhyAsyAmaH' ( vai0 sU0 1111) ityAdikAyAM dazalakSaNyAM kaNabhakSeNa bhagavatA vyvsthaapitm| paramezvara kA sAkSAtkAra ( jJAna ), zravaNa ( zAstra kA ), manana (cintana ) tathA bhAvanA ( antaHkaraNa meM dhyAna karanA, nididhyAsana Meditation ) ke dvArA pAyA jA

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aulUkya-darzanam 339 sakatA hai / jaisA ki kahA gayA - 'Agama se, anumAna se tathA dhyAnAbhyAsa ke bala se isa prakAra tIna taraha se apanI buddhi ko paramezvara ke viSaya meM lagAkara sAdhaka uttama yoga prApta karatA hai / ' [ Agama aura zravaNa samAnArthaka ( anarthAntara ) haiM / guru ke pAsa se paramezvara ke svarUpa tathA usake guNoM ke viSaya meM zravaNa karanA paramezvara - jJAna kA prathama sopAna hai / isa zravaNa meM Apta ( prAmANika ) vAkya yA Agama kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai isalie ise Agama bhI kahate haiN| jo bAta suna cuke haiM unameM dRr3hatA lAne yA acchI taraha una para vizvAsa karane ke lie anumAna ke niyamoM ke anusAra yuktipUrvaka cintana karanA bhI Avazyaka hI hai / yahI cintana manana kahalAtA hai / cUMki isameM anumAna kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai, isalie ise anumAna bhI kaha dete haiM zravaNa aura manana ke pazcAt usa artha / yahI kA bAra-bAra dhyAna karanA caahie| aisA karane se vaha bAta hRdaya meM baiTha jAtI bhAvanA hai| jisa mArga se sAmAnyapadArtha kA zravaNAdi hotA hai usI mArga se Izvara ke viSaya kA bhI / jaba buddhi IzvaraviSayiNI ho jAtI hai usI samaya uttama yoga arthAt Izvara kA sAkSAtkAra prApta hotA hai / ] / [ aba ina tInoM upAyoM meM ] manana anumAna para nirbhara karatA hai aura svayam anumAna vyApti ( Universal relation ) ke jJAna para / vyApti kA jJAna bhI padArthoM kI pArasparika vivecanA ( Discussion ) kI apekSA rakhatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki chaha padArthoM kI vyavasthA bhagavAn kaNAda ne dasa lakSaNoM ( adhyAyoM ) se yukta [ apane vaizeSikadarzana meM ] kI hai, jisa ( darzana ) kA Arambha-sUtra hai - aba isalie ( hama ) dharma kI vyAyA kareM ( vaizeSikasUtra 1 / 1 / 1 ) / vizeSa - zvetAzvara upaniSad meM vAkya AyA hai - 'tamevaM viditvAti mRtyumeti nAnyaH panyA vidyate'yanAya' ( 38 ) arthAt usa paramezvara ko isa rUpa meM jAnakara loga mRtyu ( duHkha ) ke bandhana se chUTa jAte haiM, koI dUsarA mArga isase nikalane kA nahIM hai / isa zruti ko hI AdhAra mAnakara vaizeSika loga paramezvara - sAkSAtkAra ko hI ekamAtra upAya batalAte haiM jisase mRtyu se nikala jA sakate haiM / isa sAkSAtkAra ( Knowledge ) ke lie tIna paraspara kramabaddha upAya haiM-zravaNa, manana aura bhAvanA / prastuta darzana kA sambandha na to zravaNa se hai na bhAvanA se / manana vizeSatayA usakI paddhati kA nirUpaNa karanA hI nyAyavaizeSika kA lakSaNa hai / manana ke lie anumAna aura anumAna ke lie vyAptijJAna Avazyaka hai / vyAptijJAna ke lie padArthoM kA vivecana maharSi kaNAda karate haiM / nyAya meM manana kI paddhati -- anumAna kA vizada vicAra hotA hai jaba ki vaizeSika darzana meM usa anumAna kI saphalatA ke lie padArthoM kA vizleSaNa kiyA jAtA hai / donoM isa dRSTi se eka dUsare kI sahAyatA karate haiM / ina darzanoM ke dvArA Izvara kI upAsanA hI hotI hai, kyoMki inakI sArI carcAe~ manana ke antargata AtI haiM / udayanAcArya apanI nyAyakusumAMjali meM ( 1113 ) kahate haiM--

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340 sarvadarzanasaMgrahenyAyacarceyamozasya mananavyapadezabhAk / upAsanaiva kriyate zravaNAnantarAgatA / arthAt 'manana' ( Thought ) zabda se abhihita yaha nyAyacarcA zravaNa ke anantara AtI hai tathA isase Izvara kI upAsanA hI hotI hai / yahA~ nyAyacarcA kA artha hai anumAna, kyoMki. vahI nyAya meM vizeSa rUpa se carcita hotA hai| ___ kaNAda ne apane sUtroM meM kevala chaha padArthoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / ve haiM-dravya ( Substance ), guNa ( Quality ), karma ( Action ), sAmAnya ( Generality ), vizeSa ( Particularity ) aura samavAya ( Inherence ) 1 prazastapAda meM abhAva ( Non-existence ) ko bhI saptama padArtha ( Category ) ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| taba se padArtha sAta mAne gaye haiN| bhAvAtmaka ( Positive ) padArtha chaha hI haiN| isakI saMkhyA para Age mUla meM hI vicAra kreNge| kaNAda ke dasa adhyAyoMvAle sUtra-grantha ko 'dazalakSaNI' ( =dazAdhyAyI ) kahA gayA hai / kaNAda ke pAsa kucha aise ziSya Aye jo vidhivat veda-vedAGga kA adhyayana kara cuke the, asUyA ( doSAnveSaNa kI pravRtti ) se zUnya the aura isa prakAra 'zravaNa' kara cuke the / manana ke lie Aye hue ina ziSyoM para parama kAruNika bhagavAn kaNAda prasanna ho gaye aura unhoMne vaizeSikadarzana kI racanA kii| usakA prathama sUtra yahI hai-athAto dharma vyaakhyaasyaamH| isa sUtra meM 'atha' zabda ke dvArA maMgala yA Anantarya ( Subsequence ) kA bodha hotA hai arthAt ziSyoM kI jijJAsA ke pazcAt / ataH = isalie / cU~ki zravaNAdi meM nipuNa, asUyArahita ziSya loga Aye haiM isalie jJAna kI parAkASThA ke rUpa meM jo dharma hai usakI vyAkhyA aba kreNge| dharma kA lakSaNa dUsare hI sUtra meM diyA gayA hai--yato'bhyudayaniHzreyasasiddhiH sa dharmaH ( 1 / 1 / 2 ) / jisase abhyudaya ( svarga, tattvajJAna, laukika unnati ) tathA niHzreyasa ( mokSa ) kI prApti ho vahI dharma hai / yahA~ 'dharma' zabda apane zAstrIya viSaya ke artha meM liyA gayA hai| aba kaNAda-sUtroM kI viSaya-vastu para vicAra Arambha hotA hai| (2. vaizeSika-sUtra ko viSaya-vastu ) tatrAhnikadvayAtmake prathame'dhyAye samavetAzeSapadArthakathanamakAri / tatrApi prathamAhnike jAtimannirUpaNam / dvitIyAhnike jAtivizeSayonirUpaNam / Ahnikadvayayukte dvitIye'dhyAye dravyanirUpaNam / tatrApi prathame'dhyAye bhUtavizeSalakSaNam / dvitIye dikkaalprtipaadnm| Ahnikadvayayukta tRtIya AtmAntaHkaraNalakSaNam / tatrApyAtmalakSaNaM prathame / dvitIye'ntaHkaraNalakSaNam / Ahnikadvayayukte caturthe zarIratadupayogivivecanam / tatrApi prathame tadupayogivivecanam / dvitIye zarIravivecanam /

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aulUkya-varzanam prathama adhyAya meM, jisameM do Ahnika ( eka dina kA pATha = Ahnika ) haiM, una sabhI padArthoM kA varNana hai jo samaveta arthAt samavAya-sambandha se yukta haiM [ samavAya-sambandha kA artha nitya-sambandha, jo kabhI bhinna na ho / dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya aura vizeSa-itane padArthoM kA samavAya-sambandha hotA hai / dravya apane avayavoM meM samaveta rahatA hai, guNoM aura karmoM kA samavAya-sambandha dravya ke sAtha rahatA hai, kyoMki guNa aura karma se yukta honA dravya-sAmAnya kA lakSaNa hI hai / sAmAnya to jAti ko hI kahate haiM, jisakA samavAya-saMbaMdha uparyukta tInoM se hai| vizeSa nitya dravyoM meM samaveta rahate haiM / avayavahIna paramANuoM ko tathA AkAza Adi ko bhI yadyapi samaveta nahIM kaha sakate, kintu nitya dravyoM ke sAtha unakA samavAya-sambandha hotA hai / isI artha meM ve samaveta haiM / SaSTha padArtha samavAya samaveta nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki yadi use samaveta mAneM to kisI meM samaveta hogA evaM usakA kisI ke sAtha samavAya hogA-phira usakA bhI dUsarA samavAya hogA / aisA karate-karate kahIM anta nahIM hogA, anavasthA ho jAyagI / isalie prathama pA~ca padArtha hI samaveta hote haiM ] / usameM bhI prathama Ahnika meM una padArthoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai jinakI jAti ( sAmAnya, Class ) hotI hai (arthAt dravya, guNa aura karma kaa)| dvitIya Ahnika meM sAmAnya (.jAti ) aura vizeSa kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| do AhnikoMvAle dvitIya adhyAya meM dravya kA nirUpaNa huA hai jisameM prathama Ahnika meM bhUtoM ( kSiti, jala, agni, vAyu, AkAza ) ke lakSaNa haiM aura dUsare meM dizA tathA kAla kA nirUpaNa hai| [smaraNIya hai ki dravya nava haiM-pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, AkAza, dizA, kAla, AtmA aura mana / inameM prathama sAta kA varNana dvitIya adhyAya meM hI ho gayA hai|] tRtIya adhyAya meM jisameM do Ahnika haiM, AtmA aura antaHkaraNa ( Antarika indriya = mana ) ke lakSaNa haiM / inameM bhI prathama Ahnika meM AtmA kA lakSaNa hai, dvitIya meM antaHkaraNa kA / [ isa prakAra dravyoM ko vivecanA samApta hotI hai| ] do AhnikoMvAle caturtha adhyAya meM zarIra aura usake upayogI tattvoM ( Adjuncts, jaise-paramANukAraNatA Adi ) kA varNana hai / prathama Ahnika meM zarIra ke upayogiyoM kA hI varNana hai aura dUsare Ahnika meM zarIra kA vivecana hai| ___ Ahnikadvayavati paJcame karmapratipAdanam / tatrApi prathame shriirsNbndhikrmcintnm| dvitIye maanskrmcintnm| AhnikadvayazAlini SaSThe zrautadharmanirUpaNam / tatrApi prathame dAnapratigrahadharmavivekaH / dvitIye cAturAzrayocitadharmanirUpaNam / __ do AhnikoMvAle paMcama adhyAya meM karma kA pratipAdana huA hai| isameM prathama Ahnika meM zarIra se niSpanna honevAle karmoM kA vicAra huA hai, dUsare Ahnika meM mAnasika karmoM

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342 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe kA cintana ( vicAra ) kiyA gayA hai / do hI AhnikoM se vibhUSita SaSTha adhyAya meM zrutiyoM meM pratipAdita dharma kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / jisameM prathama Ahnika meM dAna dAna karanA ) aura pratigraha ( dAna lenA ) - ina do dharmoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya Ahnika meM cAroM AzramoM ke lie ucita dharma kA nirUpaNa huA hai / tathAvidhe saptame guNasamavAyapratipAdanam / tatrApi prathame buddhinirapekSaguNapratipAdanam / dvitIye tatsApekSaguNapratipAdanaM samavAyapratipAdanaM ca / aSTame nirvikalpaka savikalpaka pratyakSapramANacintanam / navame buddhivizeSapratipAdanam / dazame'numAnabhedapratipAdanam / usI prakAra ke vibhAjanavAle saptama adhyAya meM guNoM aura samavAya kA pratipAdana huA hai jisameM prathama Ahnika meM una guNoM kA pratipAdana huA hai jo buddhi kI apekSA nahIM rakhate ( rUpa, rasa, gandha Adi ) / dvitIya Ahnika meM buddhi kI apekSA rakhanevAle guNoM ( dvitva, paratva, aparatva, pRthaktva Adi ) kA tathA isI meM sAmAnya kA bhI pratipAdana huA 1 [ dvitva, ekatva, bahutva Adi ko saMkhyA kahate haiM, vaha bhI buddhi para nirbhara karatI hai / isakA vizada vicAra Age kareMge / ] aSTama adhyAya meM nirvikalpaka ( Indeterminate ) tathA savikalpaka ( Determinate ) pratyakSa pramANa kA nirUpaNa huA hai / navama adhyAya meM buddhi ke vizeSoM ( bhedoM ) kA varNana hai / dazama adhyAya meM anumAna ke bhedoM kA varNana hai / [ yaha Azcarya hai ki navama aura dazama adhyAyoM ke viSaya meM mAdhavAcArya itane bhrama meM haiM / vAstava meM navama adhyAya meM atIndriya saMyogAdi se honevAle pratyakSa kA tathA anumAna kA varNana hai / dazama meM sukhaduHkhAdi AtmA ke guNoM kA varNana evaM trividha kAraNa kA bhI pratipAdana huA hai / mAdhava ke bhrama kA kAraNa samajha meM nahIM AtA ! ] ( 3. zAstra kI pravRtti - - uddeza, lakSaNa, parIkSA ) tatroddeza lakSaNaM parIkSA ceti trividhAsya zAstrasya pravRtti: ( vAtsyAyana0 1 / 1 / 1 ) / nanuvibhAgApekSayA cAtuvidhye vaktavye kathaM traividhyamuktamiti cet -- maivaM maMsthAH / vibhAgasya vizeSoddezarUpatvAt uddeza evAntarbhAvAt / tatra dravyaguNakarmasAmAnyavizeSasamavAyA iti SaDeva te padArthA ityuddezaH / [ vAtsyAyana kA kahanA hai ki ] isa zAstra ( nyAya-vaizeSika ) kI pravRtti ( pratipAdana ) tIna prakAra se hotI hai - uddeza ( Enumeration, gaNanA ) lakSaNa ( Definition ) aura parIkSA ( lakSaNoM kA AropaNa, Examination ) / [ vastu kA kevala nAma le lenA yA ginA denA hI uddeza kahalAtA hai / jaise yaha kahanA ki dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa aura samavAya, ye chaha padArtha haiM / lakSaNa meM vastu ke usa dharma kA ullekha karate haiM

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aulUkya-darzanam 343 jisake dvArA vaha vastu anya sajAtIya vastuoM se pRthak kI jAya, jaise- dravya use kahate / haiM jisameM guNa hoM / parIkSA ke dvArA yaha vicAra hotA hai ki ukta prakAra se diye gaye lakSaNa prastuta vastu meM ThIka haiM ki nahIM / nyAya-vaizeSika ke pratipAdana kI eka apanI vizeSatA hai ki ina tIna vidhiyoM se zAstra kA jJAna prApta kiyA jAtA hai / usameM bhI parIkSA para bahuta jora diyA jAtA hai jisake kAraNa ye darzana atyanta tArkika mAne jAte haiM / yahI nahIM, anya zAstroM para bhI jaba vipatti AtI hai taba ve apanI surakSA ke lie tarka-zAstra kA hI Azraya lete haiM aura pUrvapakSiyoM kI khabara isI parIkSA ke dvArA lete haiM / ] [ aba prazna yaha hai ki ina tIna vidhiyoM ke atirikta inameM ] vibhAga ko bhI rakhakara cAra prakAra kI zAstrapravRtti kA varNana karanA ucita thA, Apa tIna hI prakAra kI pravRttiyoM kyoM mAnate haiM ? aisA na samajheM, kyoMki vibhAga bhI eka taraha kA uddeza ho to hai / [ jaba vastuoM kA nAma grahaNa karate haiM taba vibhAjana yA vargIkaraNa ( Classification ) karake hI to nAma lete haiM, yoM hI manamAne DhaMga se to nahIM / ] isalie vibhAga ko uddeza ke andara hI rakha lete haiM / vaizeSika darzana meM uddeza yahI hai - dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa aura samavAya, isa prakAra ye chaha hI padArtha haiM / ' kimatra kramaniyame kAraNam ? ucyate / samastapadArthAyatanatvena pradhAnasya dravyasya prathamamuddezaH / anantaraM guNatvopAdhinA sakaladravyavRtterguNasya / tadanu sAmAnyavattvasAmyAtkarmaNaH / pazcAttattritayAzritasya sAmAnyasya / tadanantaraM samavAyAdhikaraNasya vizeSasya / ante'vaziSTasya samavAyasyeti / 1 yahA~ padArthoM kI gaNanA karAte samaya eka vizeSa krama dekhate haiM usakA kyA kAraNa hai ? kahate haiM - sAre padArthoM kA AdhAra hone ke kAraNa pramukha rUpa se vidyamAna dravya kA uddeza ( nAmagrahaNa ) pahale huA hai / [ nIMva kA jJAna pahale karake taba bhavana kA nirmANa hotA hai, manuSya ko jAnane para hI usake dharmoM kA, jaise sthUlatA Adi kA jJAna prApta karate haiM / dharma kA jJAna pIche hotA hai, dharmI kA phle| isI prakAra sabhI padArthoM kA sAkSAt yA paramparA se AdhAra dravya hI hai / guNa aura karma kA to sAkSAt AdhAra hai / dravyatva, pRthivItva, ghaTatva Adi ke rUpa meM jo sAmAnya hai usakA bhI vaha sIdhA AdhAra hai / hA~, guNa aura karma kI jAti ( sAmAnya ) arthAt guNatva aura karmatva Adi ke lie use ( dravya ko ) guNa-karma kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai-- guNatva aura karmatva kramazaH guNa aura karma meM haiM aura 1. uddeza do prakAra kA hai -- sAmAnya jaise dravya, guNa, karmAdi padArthoM kI gaNanA tathA vizeSa jaise --- pRthvI, jala, teja Adi dravya ke bhedoM kI gaNanA / guNoM kI gaNanA karAte samaya 'vibhAga' nAma AtA hai isalie vizeSa uddeza ( avAntara bheda ke antargata ) hone se vibhAga ko pRthak nahIM lete / uddeza meM hI ise samajha lete haiM /

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344 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe dravya ina donoM kA AdhAra hai| vizeSoM kA bhI sAkSAt AdhAra dravya hI hai| samavAya kA kahIM to vaha sAkSAt AdhAra hotA hai, kahIM guNAdi ke dvArA / tAtparya yaha hai ki dravya yA to sabhI padArthoM kA sAkSAt AdhAra hai yA paramparA se AdhAra hai| pramukha hone ke kAraNa dravya ko pahale rakhate haiM ] ___ isake bAda guNatva upAdhi ke rUpa meM sabhI dravyoM meM pAye jAnevAle guNa kA nAma hai / [ guNa kA artha apradhAna rUpa se vidyamAna rahanevAle guNoM ko dravya ke bAda rakhate haiM / yadyapi guNa, karma Adi pA~coM padArthoM ko samAna rUpa se apradhAna (guNa ) kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu vaizeSika loga rUpa, rasa Adi ko hI sAMketika rUpa se guNa kahate haiN| guNa kA sAmAnya artha bahuta vyApaka hone para bhI zAstrIya-dRSTi se eka vizeSa padArtha ko hI guNa kahate haiM jo sabhI dravyoM meM rahatA hai / isakA yaha artha kabhI nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki dravyoM meM sabhI guNa rahate haiM-pRthvI meM rUpa-rasa Adi nahIM hai, na buddhi hI hai| kintu koI-nakoI guNa sabhI dravyoM meM rahatA hI hai| yaha saubhAgya anya padArthoM ko nhiiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki dravya ke pazcAt aura anya padArthoM ke pahale guNa kA nAma liyA jAtA hai| ] isake bAda karma kA uddeza hotA hai, kyoMki [ dravya, guNa aura karma tInoM meM ] sAmAnya kI sattA rahatI hai, yahI samAnatA hai| [ dravya, guNa aura karma tInoM meM jAti ( Class ) rahatI hai| isalie tInoM ko eka sAtha hI rakhanA cAhie / dravya, apane viziSTa kAraNoM se pahale A cuke haiM / avaziSTa karma hI hai, isalie guNa ke bAda use rakhate haiM / isake atirikta yaha dhyeya hai ki guNa, karma ke bIca guNa ko pradhAnatA milatI hai, kyoMki guNoM kI . pahuMca ( vRtti ) sabhI dravyoM taka rahatI hai, karma becAre kucha hI dravyoM taka pahu~ca pAte haiM AkAza, kAla, dizA, AtmA ina vibhu dravyoM meM karma pahu~ca nahIM skte| guNoM kI apekSA karma dravya ke pAsa pairavI pahuMcAne meM pichar3a jAte haiM, isalie guNoM ke uparAnta hI inakA sthAna hotA hai|] isake bAda ina tInoM meM Azraya lenevAle sAmAnya yA jAti kA uddeza hotA hai / [ Upara kaha cuke haiM ki AdhAra ke bAda hI Adheya padArtha Ate haiM / dravya, guNa, karma tInoM hI sAmAnya ke lie AdhAra haiM / isalie ve sAmAnya kI apekSA pradhAna haiN| dUsaroM ke bharose jInevAlA pahale nahIM raha sakatA / pahale usake AzrayadAtA kA nAma rahegA-tabhI usakA nAma rahegA / yahI kAraNa hai ki sAmAnya ina tInoM ke anta meM AtA hai|] ____ isake anantara samavAya ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM avasthita vizeSa kA nAma lete haiM aura anta meM bace hue samavAya kA nAma AtA hai-yahI krama hai / [ vizeSa aura samavAya ko sabase pIche DAlane kA yaha kAraNa hai ki inakA pratyakSa kabhI nahIM hotaa| pratyakSa honevAle padArthoM se apratyakSa padArtha pIche raheMge hii| aba ye donoM nirNaya kareM ki kauna pahale rahegA, kauna pIche ? phira AdhAra-Adheya kA sambandha ho gyaa| samavAya Adheya hai, vizeSa AdhAra / AdhAra pahale hotA hai, Adheya pIche / basa, vizeSa ke bAda samavAya kA nAma hai / ]

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345 aulUkya-darzanam ( 4. padArthoM kI saMkhyA-chaha yA sAta ? ) nanu SaDeya padArthA iti kathaM kathyate ? abhAvasyApi sadbhAvAt iti cetamaivaM vocaH / naarthAnullikhitadhIviSayatayA bhAvarUpatayA SaDeveti vivakSitatvAt / tathApi kathaM SaDeveti niyama upapadyate ? vikalpAnupapatteH / niyamavyavacchedyaM pramitaM na vA ? pramitatve kathaM niSedhaH ? apramitatve kathaMtarAm ? aba yaha prazna hai ki Apa kaise kahate haiM ki padArtha chaha hI haiM ? abhAva kI bhI to sattA hai [jise sAtavAM padArtha mAnate haiM ] / isa prazna para hama kaheMge ki aisA mata kho|| niSedhAtmaka ( nabartha ke dvArA ullikhita yA bodhita ) pratIti ( jJAna, dhI, pratyaya, Knowledge ) ko hama apanA viSaya nahIM mAnate tathA bhAva rUpa ( bhAvAtmaka Positive ) [pratIti ko hI hama viSaya ] mAnate haiM, isalie hamArI vivakSA ( kahane kI icchA ) se hI chaha padArtha mAne gaye haiN| [ nabartha ke rUpa meM niSedha ko samajha lene ke lie abhAva bhI eka pRthak padArtha rahe, isameM hameM koI Apatti nhiiN| kintu isa abhAva ke dvArA kisI vastu ko asattA kA hI to bodha hogA, sattA kA to nhiiN| hama sattA kA vizleSaNa karanA cAhate haiM isalie abhAva nahIM svIkAra karake chaha hI padArtha mAnate haiM jo saba-ke-sava bhAvAtmaka haiN|] phira bhI prazna ho sakatA hai ki yaha niyama Apa kahAM se lAte haiM ki padArtha kevala chaha hI haiM / [ isakI siddhi ke lie diye gaye ] donoM vikalpa asiddha ho jaayNge| dekhieisa niyama se [ ki padArtha chaha hI haiM ] vyAvRtta kiyA jAnevAlA ( Being excluded ) [ saptama padArtha ] pramANoM se siddha hai ki nahIM ? [ tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba Apa 'chaha hI' meM 'hI' kA prayoga karate haiM taba avazya kisI AgAmI padArtha ko nikAla bAhara ( vyAvRtta) karate haiM, yaha bahiSkaraNa jisakA ho rahA hai usakI siddhi ke lie koI pramANa hai yA nhiiN| yA to saptama padArtha pramANasiddha hogA yA asiddh| donoM hI avasthAoM meM Apa pakar3e jAte haiN|] yadi vaha ( saptama padArtha) pramANoM se siddha hai taba usakA niSedha kyoM kara rahe haiM ? [pramANa se siddha padArtha to sadA svIkArya hai, usakA niSedha nahIM ho sakatA / ] yadi pramANoM se usakI siddhi nahIM ho rahI ho taba to niSedha karanA aura bhI kaThina hai| [ asiddha yA asat vastu kA niSedha karane meM apanA samaya kauna mUrkha naSTa karegA ? ] na hi kazcitprekSAvAnmUSikaviSANaM pratiSedhuM yatate / tatazcAnupapatterna niyama iti cet-maivaM bhASiSThAH / saptamatayA pramite'ndhakArAvau bhAvatvasya, bhAvatayA pramite zaktisAdRzyAdau saptamatvasya ca niSedhAditi kRtaM vistareNa /

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346 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe koI bhI aisA vicArazIla vyakti nahIM hogA jo cUhe kA sIMga ( asiddha vastu ) kA niSedha karane meM apane sAre pANDitya ko kharca kre| [ mUSika-viSANa pratyakSa-pramANa se hI asiddha hai, dUsaroM kI to bAta hI kyA ? isalie asiddha vastu kA niSedha karanA mUrkhatA nahIM to aura kyA hai ? ] isa prakAra donoM vikalpoM kI asiddhi ke kAraNa 'chaha hI' padArtha hone kA niyama Apa nahIM lagA skte|| [ isa prazna kA uttara yaha hogA- ] aisA nahIM kahanA caahie| yadi Apa loga andhakAra yA kisI aisI hI abhAvAtmaka cIja meM saptama padArtha kI kalpanA karate haiM taba to hama apane bhAvAtmaka padArthoM meM ise le hI nahIM sakate [ kyoMki bhAvAtmaka padArtha meM andhakAra nahIM A sakatA, vaha niSedhAtmaka hai / aura hama kevala bhAvapadArthoM ko hI svIkAra kara rahe haiM ] / yadi dUsarI ora Apa loga bhAva ke rUpa meM siddha zakti, sAdRzya Adi ko hI saptama padArtha mAnate haiM to yaha saptama padArtha nahIM, [ vAstava meM hamAre bhAvAtmaka padArthoM meM hI usakI sattA hai| ] adhika vistAra karanA vyartha hai| vizeSa-padArthoM kI saMkhyA chaha mAnane kA kAraNa ve yaha batalAte haiM ki bhAvAtmaka padArtha chaha hI hoNge| yadi kisI abhAvAtmaka vastu ko sAtavAM padArtha mAnate haiM to bhAva kA pratiyogI hone ke kAraNa hamArI paribhASA ( bhAvarUpa padArtha ) meM vaha padArtha nahIM hogA, yadi kisI bhAvAtmaka vastu ko hI sAtavA~ padArtha mAnate haiM taba to vaha hamAre bhAvAtmaka padArthoM ke bIca hI kahIM-na-kahIM sthAna pA skegaa| hamArA vargIkaraNa itanA vyApaka ( Exhaustive ) hai ki sabhI bhAva isameM A jAyaMge, phira saptama padArtha kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM rhegii| kisI prakAraM chaha se adhika bhAva-padArtha nhiiN| 'SaDeva' ( chaha hI ) kahane se na kevala saptama padArtha kA niSedha hotA hai, na kevala bhAva kA, pratyuta saptamatva se viziSTa bhAva kA niSedha hotA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM yaha kaheM ki sAtavAM bhAva padArtha hI nahIM hai| kevala saptama padArtha to andhakAra Adi haiM hI, para ye bhAva to nahIM haiM / andhakAra kA artha hai teja kA abhAva / zakta aura sAdRzya yadyapi bhAva haiM, para ye kevala bhAva haiM, sAtaveM nahIM hai| chaha meM hI inheM sthAna milatA hai| zakti ke viSaya meM loga prazna karate haiM ki jaba hathelI para dAhazakti ko rokanevAle maNi Adi padArtha rakhe rahate haiM taba agni kA saMyoga hone para bhI hAtha nahIM jltaa| yadi khAlI hAtha rahe to jala jAya / isa.niyama se lagatA hai ki zakti bhI koI atirikta padArtha hai| kintu aisI bAta nahIM hai| agni kA dAha-kAraNa honA hI zakti hai ( agnehi prati kAraNava zaktiH ) / pratibandhaka kA abhAva to sabhI kAryoM meM kAraNa rahatA hai, jise pAzcAtya tarkazAstra meM Negative Conditon kahate haiM, isalie agni meM hI zakti hai atirikta to kucha nahIM / Adhunika vijJAna meM zakti ko eka pRthak padArtha mAnate haiN| sAdRzya bhI bhinna padArtha nahIM hai, isakA artha hai-kisI padArtha se bhinna rahane para usameM vartamAna dharmoM ko dhAraNa

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347 aulUkya-darzanam karanA ( tadbhinnatve sati tadtagadharmavattvam ) / vaizeSika loga bhAva padArthoM kA vicAra karate samaya ina vastuoM ko kabhI nahIM bhUlate / (5. chaha padArthoM ke lakSaNa-dravyatva aura guNatva ) tatra dravyAditritayasya dravyatvAdijAtirlakSaNam / dravyatvaM nAma gaganAravindasamavetatve sati, nityatve sati, gandhAsamavetatvam / guNatvaM nAma samavAyikAraNAsamavetAsamavAyikAraNabhinnasamavetasattAsAkSAvyApyajAtiH / unameM dravya Adi prathama tIna padArthoM ke lakSaNa haiM-dravyatva Adi ke sAmAnya ( jAti ) se yukta honA / [ dravya use kahate haiM jo dravyatva-jAti kA ho, guNa guNatva-jAti kA hotA hai tathA karma karmatva-jAti kA, isa prakAra apane-apane sAmAnya ke dvArA ye lakSita hote haiM / aba inake sAmAnyoM ke lakSaNa pRthak-pRthak naiyAyika-bhASA meM diye jAyage jisameM pratyeka zabda aura vizeSaNa sAbhiprAya rahegA, usake abhAva meM lakSaNa ke azuddha ho jAne kI sambhAvanA hai|] dravyatva kA lakSaNa-jaba AkAza ke sAtha tathA aravinda ke sAtha alaga-alaga koI padArtha samaveta ho, vaha nitya bhI ho tathA gandha ke sAtha samaveta (nityarUpa se sambaddha, Inherent ) na ho to use hI dravya-sAmAnya kahate haiN| [aba isa lakSaNa kI vyAkhyA kreN| dravya-sAmAnya (dravyatva ) se dravya kA lakSaNa kiyA jAtA hai| isalie isa dravya-sAmAnya ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai| dravya-sAmAnya ke lakSaNa meM tIna Tukar3e haiM-(1) gagana tathA aravinda ke sAtha samaveta honA, ( 2 ) nitya honA tathA ( 3 ) gandha ke sAtha samaveta na honA / gaganAravinda ko vedAntiyoM ke samAna AkAza kA kamala na smjheN| yahA~ dvandvasamAsa hai| dvandva hone ke kAraNa 'samaveta' zabda kA sambandha donoM padoM ke sAtha hogaa| ( dvandvAdI dvandvamadhye dvandvAnte ca zrUyamANaM padaM pratyekamabhisambadhyate ) / dravya kA samavAya ( aparihArya, nitya ) sambandha gagana-jaise nitya dravya se tathA kamala-jaise kSaNika dravya ke sAtha bhI hai, bhale hI sambandha nitya hai / AkAza to dravya meM hai hI, kamala kI gaNanA pRthvI meM hotI hai| samUha kA sambandha apane pratyeka vyakti se rahatA hI hai| dUsare, dravya kA sAmAnya nitya bhI hai, kyoMki jAti yA sAmAnya nitya hotA hai| vyakti ke vinAza ke bAda bhI jAti kI sattA rahatI hai / anta meM yaha dravyasAmAnya gandha se asamaveta rahatA hai, kyoMki gandha guNa hai| dravyatva kI vRtti guNoM meM nahIM hotI, dravyoM meM hI hai| aba hama lakSaNa ke zabdoM kI anivAryatA para vicAra kreN| (1) yadi lakSaNa se 'gagana se samaveta rahanA' yaha vizeSaNa haTA deM to pRthivI-jAti ( pRthivItva ) kA bhI lakSaNa bana jAyagA, kevala dravyatva kA lakSaNa nahIM rhegaa| dUsare zabdoM meM, pRthivItva meM isa lakSaNa kI ativyApti ho jaaygii| pRthivI-sAmAnya aravinda se samaveta hotA hai tathA

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348 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe nitya bhI hotA hai ( sAmAnya hone ke kaarnn)| punaH gandha kA samAnAdhikaraNa ( pRthivIsAmAnya ) gandha meM hogA hI nahIM jisase yaha gandhAsamaveta bhI hai| pRthivI-sAmAnya gagana se samaveta nahIM hotA ( jo hamane haTA hI diyA hai ), kevala pRthivI meM pRthivItva kI vRtti rahatI hai / isalie 'pRthivItva' kA hI lakSaNa ho gyaa| (2) yadi lakSaNa se 'aravinda se samaveta rahanA' haTA deM to yaha gagana meM vartamAna ekatva-saMkhyA kA bhI lakSaNa ho jAyagA / ekatva-saMkhyA gagana se samaveta rahatI hai, nitya bhI hai| ekatva-saMkhyA nitya dravya meM rahane para nitya hai, anitya meM rahane para anitya hotI hai-yahA~ AkAzagata hai isalie nitya hai / gandha se ise kucha lenA-denA hai hI nahIM, kyoMki eka guNa meM dUsarA guNa A nahIM sakatA / aravinda se bhI yaha samaveta nahIM hotI / aravinda meM bhI ekatva hai, para vaha ekatva AkAza ke ekatva kI apekSA bhinna haiM / isa prakAra aisI sthiti meM ekatva-saMkhyA kA lakSaNa ho gayA / ( 3 ) yadi lakSaNa se nitya hone para yaha vizeSaNa nikAla deM to gagana aura aravinda donoM meM vidyamAna dvitvasaMkhyA kA bhI lakSaNa bana jaaygaa| dvitvasaMkhyA gagana aura aravinda donoM meM samaveta hai, guNa hone ke kAraNa dUsare guNa gandha se isakA sambandha hI nhiiN| hAM, yaha nitya nahIM hai| dvitva Adi saMkhyAeM sarvatra apekSA-buddhi se utpanna hotI haiM isalie anitya haiM / ( isake vicAra ke lie Age dekheN| ) nidAna, yaha lakSaNa dvitva-saMkhyA kA ho gyaa| ( 4 ) anta meM yadi lakSaNa se 'gandha se samaveta rahanA' yaha vizeSaNa nikAla deM to yaha dravya, guNa aura karma tInoM meM adhiSThita sattA kA bhI lakSaNa ho jAyagA / sattA gagana aura aravinda meM to hai hI, nitya bhI hai| lekina yaha guNoM meM bhI hai, ataH gandha se asamaveta nahIM ho sakatI / lakSaNa se vaha pada nikala jAne para isakI prApti ho hI jaaygii| lakSaNa aisA ho jo lakSya se na to adhika ko vyApta kare, na kama ko| adhika ko vyApta karane para ativyApti-doSa ( Too-wide definition ) hotA hai, kama ko vyApta karane para avyApti-doSa ( Fallacy of too-narrow definition ) hotA hai| uparyukta padoM ko nikAla dene se lakSaNa sadaiva apane lakSya se adhika ko sameTa letA haidravyatva ke sAtha-sAtha kabhI to pRthivItva kA, kabhI ekatva kA, kabhI dvitva kA aura kabhI sattA kA bhI lakSaNa yaha bana jAtA hai, arthAt ativyApti-doSa ho jAtA hai| isase bacane ke lie pratyeka pada rakhanA anivArya hai| ___guNatva kA lakSaNa-guNa-sAmAnya usa jAti ko kahate haiM, jo [ dravya, guNa, karma meM adhiSThita ] sattA ke dvArA sIdhe hI vyApta ho sake, samavAyi-kAraNa (dravya ) se samaveta nahIM rahe tathA asamavAyi-kAraNa se bhinna kisI bhI padArtha (jaise-AtmA ke guNa ) se samaveta ho| [ guNatva ke lakSaNa meM bhI tIna vizeSaNa haiM-(1) aisI jAti jo samavAyi-kAraNa se samaveta na ho, ( 2 ) jo asamavAyi-kAraNa se bhinna kisI padArtha se samaveta ho tathA

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aulukya-darzanam 349 (3) jo sattA ke dvArA sodhe ( sAkSAt, paramparA se nahIM ) vyApta ho sake / samavAyikAraNa use kahate haiM jisake samaveta hone yA milane para kArya utpanna hotA hai, jaise-paTa ke lie tantu, ghaTa ke lie miTTI Adi / samavAyi-kAraNa koI dravya hI hotA hai| dravya meM guNatva nahIM rahatA, vaha kisI guNa meM hI raha sakatA hai arthAt guNatva dravya se samaveta nahIM hotA hai / asamavAyi-kAraNa use kahate haiM jo kArya-kAraNa ke sAtha kisI vastu ke mila jAne para kAraNa ke rUpa meM Ave, jaise-paTa meM tantuoM ke milane ( samaveta hone ) para una tantuoM kA saMyoga paTarUpI kArya ke lie kAraNa hai / asamavAyi-kAraNa se bhinna AtmA ke vizeSa guNa hote haiM, kyoMki AtmA ke guNa kabhI bhI asamavAyi-kAraNa nahIM ho sakate / ina guNoM se guNatva samaveta rahatA hai / sattA tIna padArthoM meM hai-dravya, guNa, krm| isake dvArA sAkSAt tIna jAtiyoM ko vyApta kiyA jA sakatA hai-dravyatva, guNatva, karmatva / pRthivItva Adi dravyatva ke dvArA sIdhe vyApta hote haiM, sattA ke dvArA paramparA se / sattA pahale dravyatva ko vyApta karatI hai, phira dravyatva pRthivItva ko vyApta karatA hai| isI ko 'paramparayA vyAptiH' kahate haiM / isalie guNa-sAmAnya sattA ke dvArA sAkSAt vyApya hai| aura bhI padArtha-dravyatva, karmatva-sattA se vyApta hote haiM para anya vizeSaNa guNa-sAmAnya ko unase pRthak kara dete haiM / lakSaNa meM do cIjeM dI jAtI haiM--eka to sAmAnya-dharma ( Genus), dUsarA vizeSa-dharma ( Differentia ) / tIsarA vizeSaNa sAmAnya-dharma hai, prathama donoM vizeSaNa vizeSa-dharma haiN| aba vizeSaNoM kI upayogitA para dRSTipAta kreN| Upara hama dekha cuke haiM ki isa lakSaNa meM jo sAmAnya-dharma hai vaha guNatva, dravyatva aura karmatva tInoM ke lie samAna hai| yaha to isakA vizeSa-dharma hai jo una donoM se guNatva ko pRthak karatA hai| isalie yadi vizeSa dharmoM meM se koI haTatA hai to lakSaNa dravyatva yA karmatva ko vyApta kara legaa| (1) yadi lakSaNa se hama yaha vizeSaNa haTA deM ki 'yaha ( guNasAmAnya ) samavAyi-kAraNa arthAt dravya se asamaveta rahatA hai to yaha lakSaNa dravyatva ko ativyApta kara legaa| dravya kA sAmAnya sattA ke dvArA sAkSAt rUpa se vyApya hotA hai tathA asamavAyi-kAraNa se bhinna dravya meM samaveta bhI hotA hai| dravya kabhI bhI asamavAyi-kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA isalie dravya meM samaveta hone ke kAraNa dravyatva 'asamavAyikAraNabhanna-samaveta' hai ho / hA~, yaha samavAyikAraNa ( dravya ) se asamaveta nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki dravyatva dravya ( samavAyi-kAraNa ) meM avasthita rahatA hai| isa prakAra yadi pahalA vizeSaNa ukta lakSaNa se haTA deM to yaha dravyatva kA bhI lakSaNa bana jaaygaa| (2) yadi ukta lakSaNa se yaha vizeSaNa haTA deM ki 'yaha ( guNa-sAmAnya ) asamavAyikAraNa se bhinna ( AtmA ke vizeSa guNa 1. inake atirikta, ina donoM se bhinna nimitta-kAraNa ( Efficient Cause ) bhI hotA hai jaise--paTa-kArya ke lie julAhA, karaghA, baNDA Adi /

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350 sarvadarzanasaMgraha jaise-jJAna, buddhi ) vastuoM se samaveta hotA hai, to yaha karmatva ko ativyApta ( Include ) kara legaa| karma kA sAmAnya sattA ke dvArA to sAkSAd vyApta hotA hI hai, samavAyi-kAraNa ( dravya ) se asamaveta bhI rahatA hai| karma aura dravya meM samavAya-sambandha to hai nhiiN| kevala eka bAta hai ki karmatva asamavAyi-kAraNa se bhinna vastu se samaveta nahIM rhtaa| sabhI karma asamavAyi-kAraNa haiM, kyoMki unakA sambandha saMyoga yA vibhAga se anivAryataH hotA hai, asamavAyika-kAraNa se bhinna vastu meM karma kI kalpanA hI asambhava hai| ( 3 ) aba yadi antima vizeSaNa ki 'yaha sattA ke dvArA sAkSAt rUpa meM vyApya hotA hai' haTA deM, to jJAnatva Adi meM hI ativyApti ho jaaygii| jJAnatva kI vRtti jJAna meM rahatI hai, samavAyi-kAraNa ( dravya ) meM nhiiN| isalie jJAnatva samavAyi-kAraNa se asamaveta hai| yaha asamavAyi-kAraNa se bhinna vastu meM samaveta bhI hai, kyoMki jJAna Adi AtmA ke vizeSa guNa haiM, ye asamavAyi-kAraNa nahIM ho sakate-asamavAyi-kAraNa se bhinna sthAna meM, jaisejJAna meM inakI vRtti hotI hai| kintu isa jJAna ko sattA sAkSAt rUpa se vyApta nahIM karatI / guNa ke dvArA jJAna sIdhe vyApta hotA hai, sattA ke dvArA paramparA se / isa prakAra guNatva kA zuddha lakSaNa yadi cAhate haiM, koI pada haTA nahIM skte| ]' (5 ka. karmatva, sAmAnya, vizeSa aura samavAya ) karmatvaM nAma nityaasmvettvshitsttaasaakssaavyaapyjaatiH| sAmAnyaM tu pradhvaMsapratiyogitvarahitamanekasamavetam / vizeSo nAmAnyonyAbhAvavirodhisAmAnyarahitaH samavetaH / samavAyastu samavAyarahitaH sambandhaH iti SaNNAM lakSaNAni vyavasthitAni / karma kI jAti vaha hai jo nitya padArthoM meM samavAya-sambandha ke sAtha vidyamAna na ho tathA sattA ke dvArA sIdhe-sIdhe vyApta hotI ho| [ yaha smaraNIya hai ki dravyatva yA guNatva nitya padArthoM meM samaveta hote haiM-dravyatva jAti, paramANu, AkAza Adi nitya padArthoM meM samaveta hotI hai; guNatva-jAti bhI jalAdi paramANuoM meM sthita rUpa Adi guNoM meM tathA paramAtmA meM sthita jJAnAdi guNoM meM rahatI hai| ye guNa nitya haiM tathA inameM guNa kI jAti samavAya-sambandha se rahatI hai / dravyatva aura guNatva nitya padArthoM meM samaveta haiM, asamaveta nahIM haiM-isIlie una donoM se pArthakya pradarzita karane ke lie karmatva ko nitya se asamaveta kahA hai / sabhI karma anitya hote haiM / isIliye nitya se usakI jAti ko kabhI 1. guNatva ke lakSaNa meM eka dUsarA pATha bhI hai-samavAyikAraNAsamavAyikAraNabhinnasamavetasattAsAkSAvyApyajAtiH arthAt guNatva vaha hai jo sattA ke dvArA sAkSAt vyApya ho, samavAyi-kAraNa yA asamavAyi-kAraNa se bhinna padArthoM se samaveta ho / dravya samavAyi-kAraNa hai, usase guNa bhinna hai| saMyoga vibhAga asamavAyi-kAraNa haiM, guNa unase bhI bhinna hai / donoM pATha hI eka artha para Ate haiN|

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aulUkya-darzanam 351 koI matalaba hI nahIM rahatA / Upara kaha cuke haiM ki sattA dravya, guNa, karma tInoM meM rahatI hai / isalie sattA ke dvArA sIdhA sambandha karmatva kA hai| karma ke bhedoM --AkuMcana, prasAraNa Adi - ko sattA paramparA se vyApta karatI hai, pahale karmatva ko vyApta karatI hai, taba bhedoM ko / sAmAnya - ( Generality ) use kahate haiM jo pradhvaMsa ( vinAza ) kA pratiyogI ( arthAt vinAzI Destructible ) na ho tathA aneka padArthoM meM samaveta ( Inherent ) ho / [ nAza kA pratiyogI ( sAtha denevAlA, sAmane par3anevAlA ) vinAzI padArtha hotA hai, isalie pradhvaMsa kA pratiyogI = vinAzI, pravvaMsa-pratiyogitva = vinAzitva, usase rahita avinAzI / tAtparya yaha hai ki sAmAnya kA vinAza nahIM hotA / jisa vastu kI jAti mAnI jAtI hai usake padArthoM ke naSTa hone para bhI jAti yathApUrva sthita rahatI hai-- usakA vinAza nahIM hotA / bhAratIyoM ke marane para bhI bhAratIyatA jyoM kI tyoM rahatI hai, ghaTa ke naSTa hone para bhI ghaTatva rahatA hai / dUsare, jAti yA sAmAnya kI sthiti samavAya - sambandha se aneka padArthoM meM rahatI hai, eka hI padArtha meM nahIM / kevala avinAzI hone se to dik, kAla Adi meM bhI ativyApti ho jAyagI / inheM vyAvRtta ( Exclude) karane ke lie hI 'anekasamaveta' vizeSaNa lagAyA gayA hai / dik, kAla aneka padArthoM meM nahIM rahate jaba ki ghaTatva eka hI sAtha saMsAra ke sAre ghaToM meM hai / ] vizeSa - ( Particularity ) vaha hai jo samavAya- sambandha se avasthita ho tathA jo anyonyAbhAva kA virodha karanevAle sAmAnya se rahita ho / anyonyAbhAva usa abhAva ko kahate haiM jaba eka dUsare meM eka dUsare kA abhAva hotA hai, ghaTa aura paTa kA pArasparika bheda anyonyAbhAva hai | paramANuoM meM jo Apasa meM bheda hai vaha bhI anyonyAbhAva hai / isa bheda ko samajhane ke lie vizeSa kI AvazyakatA hai / anyonyAbhAva kA virodha karanevAle sAmAnya isameM nahIM rahate / sAmAnya se rahita hone se dravya, guNa aura karma se isakA pArthakya prakaTa hotA hai / anyonyAbhAva kA virodhI kahane se sAmAnya vyAvRtti hotI hai / sAmAnya kA sAmAnya nahIM hotA, yaha sarvavidita hai / kintu yaha dhyAtavya hai ki sAmAnya meM sAmAnya kA abhAva isalie mAnate haiM ki anavasthA - doSa na prApta ho jAya, isalie nahIM ki vaha anyonyAbhAva kA virodha karegA / vizeSoM meM eka dUsare ke sAtha anyonyAbhAva rahatA hai, koI vizeSa samAna nahIM hotA ki eka jAti meM unheM rakheM / pratyeka vizeSa vizeSa hai ( Type in itself ) / yadi vizeSoM kI jAti hone lage to vizeSatA unase china jAyagI, samAnatA hone lagegI / sAmAnya aura vizeSa meM sambandha kaisA ? sabhI vizeSa anyonyAbhAva ko pratIti karAte / isameM sAmAnya lene se unake isa svabhAva kI hAni hogI / isalie vizeSoM meM sAmAnya kA abhAva isI se siddha hotA hai ki inameM sAmAnya mAnane se anyonyAbhAva kI pratIti nahIM hogI / yahI kAraNa hai ki vizeSa anyonyAbhAva kA

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35.2 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe virodha hone ke kAraNa sAmAnya se rahita hotA hai / vizeSa ko samaveta mAnane se isakA pArthakya samavAya- nAmaka padArtha se spaSTa hotA hai / samavAya meM dUsarA samavAya nahIM hotA jisase vaha samaveta bhI nahIM ho sakatA / ] samavAya se rahita sambandha ko samavAya ( Inherence ) kahate haiM, isa prakAra chahoM padArthoM ke lakSaNa pRthak-pRthak kahe gaye / [ jisa sambandha kA samavAya nahIM ho vahI samavAya hai / isake dvArA saMyoga sambandha se avasthita ho sakatA hai / vAstava meM samavAya vaha hai jaba do padArthoM meM nitya sambandha ho, jaise pRthivI aura gandha meM samavAya hai / aba isa samavAya meM koI dUsarA samavAya nahIM hogA / dUsarI ora, do vastuoM meM saMyoga ( thor3I dera ke lie ) sambandha huA hai / saMyoga aura una vastuoM ke bIca samavAya ho sakatA hai / aba Age nahIM bar3ha sakeMge ki phira samavAya kA samavAya hogA / ] ( 6. dravya ke bheda ora unake lakSaNa ) dravyaM navavidhaM pRthivyaptejovAyvAkAMzakAladigAtmamanAMsi iti / tatra pRthivyAdicatuSTayasya pRthivItvAdijAtirlakSaNam / pRthivItvaM nAma pAkajarUpasamAnAdhikaraNadravyatvasAkSAdvyApyajAtiH / aptvaM nAma saritsAgarasamavetatve sati jvalanAsamavetaM sAmAnyam / dravya nau prakAra kA hai-- pRthivI, ap ( jala ), tejas ( agni ), vAyu, AkAza, kAla, dik, Atman aura manas / unameM pRthivI Adi prathama cAra dravyoM ke lakSaNa haiM pRthiaa Adi kI jAti / [ pRthivI kA lakSaNa pRthivItva kI jAti, ap kA lakSaNa aptvajAti, tejasa kA lakSaNa hai tejastva-jAti, vAyu kA lakSaNa vAyutva-jAti / jisa prakAra dravya, guNa, karma ke lakSaNoM meM unake sAmAnyoM kA ullekha hotA hai usI prakAra ina dravyoM ke lakSaNoM meM bhI inake sAmAnya ke dvArA hI inheM lakSita ( Define ) kiyA jAtA hai / aba inake sAmAnyoM ke lakSaNa diye jAte | yaha dravir3a - prANAyAma nyAya-vaizeSikoM kI vizeSatA hai | kisI bAta ko sIdhe kahane meM nAnA prakAra kI ApattiyA~ hotI haiM, isalie taula-taula kara eka-eka zabda para dhyAna rakhate hue ve lakSaNa dete haiM / isake lie cAhe jitanA paryaTana karanA par3e / ] pRthivI - sAmAnya kA lakSaNa - jo pAka ( agni - saMyoga ) se utpanna rUpa ke samAnAdhikaraNa ( Identical ) ho tathA dravya - sAmAnya ke dvArA sIdhe vyApta ho sake, usI 1. jina vastuoM meM avayava hote haiM unake vyaktiyoM ( Individuals ) ko avayavoM kA antara dekhakara pahacAnA jA sakatA hai / kintu aise bhI padArtha haiM jinake avayava nahIM haiM, jaise - AkAza, kAla, dik, paramANu ( pRthivI, jala Adi ke ), jIva Adi / inake vyaktiyoM ko jAnane ke lie hI vizeSa ko AvazyakatA par3atI hai / vizeSa kA vivecana vaizeSikoM kA apUrva prayAsa hai jisase darzana kA nAma hI par3A hai /

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aulUkya-darzanam 353 jAti ko pRthivI jAti kahate haiM / [ pAka = teja kA saMyoga / isI se pRthivI meM rUpAdi guNoM kA parAvartana (Reflection ) hotA hai / jisa prakAra pake hue Ama ke phala meM pIrUpa Adi parAvRtta hote haiM usI prakAra pRthivI meM bhI ukta kriyA hotI hai / yaha bAta jalAdi dravyoM meM nahIM pAyI jAtI / jala meM agni-saMyoga hone para bhale hI uSNa-sparza kA anubhava hotA hai kintu jala meM svataH vidyamAna zota sarza kA parAvartana nahIM hotA / jala meM praviSTa honevAle agni- kaNoM ke sAtha-sAtha hI uSNatA sthita hai, jala ke sAtha nahIM / ugatA kI pratIti hone ke samaya bhI jala vAstava meM zItala hI hai / usa samaya zItasparza kA bhAna nahIM ho rahA hai, yaha dUsarI bAta hai / ukta lakSaNa meM 'pAkaja-rUpa- samAnAdhikAraNa' yaha vizeSaNa lagAne se jalatva Adi meM ativyApti nahIM hotI / yahA~ yaha smaraNIya hai ki jisa jAti kA lakSaNa karanA abhISTa ho usase bhinna sabhI jAtiyoM ko pRthak kara denA cAhie | ye pRthak karane yogya jAtiyA~ do prakAra kI ho sakatI haiM- - yA to lakSya ( Defined ) jAti ke samAnAdhikaraNa hoM yA usase vyadhikaraNa hoM / sajAtIya-vijAtIya padArthoM se pRthak karake lakSya ko lakSita karanA hI lakSaNa kA kAma hai / samAnAdhikaraNa jAtiyA~ bhI do prakAra kI hotI haiM-- kucha aisI haiM jo lakSya kI jAti ke dvArA vyApta hotI haiM aura kucha unheM hI vyApta karatI haiM / astu, yahA~ 'pAkajarUpa- samAnAdhikaraNa ke pRthivItva se vyadhikaraNa meM par3anevAlI jalatva Adi sArI jAtiyoM kI vyAvRtti hotI hai / jo do prakAra kI ( vyApya + vyApaka ) 'samAnAdhikaraNa' jAtiyA~ haiM unakI vyAvRtti ( Exclusion ) 'dravyatva ke dvArA sIdhe vyApya' isa vizeSaNa se hotI hai / pRthivItva ko vyApta karanevAlI jAtiyA~ haiM - dravyatva ( jo sIdhe vyApta karatI hai) aura sattA ( jo paramparA se vyApta karatI hai ) / ye donoM hI dravyatva ke dvArA vyApta nahIM hotIM, kyoMki vyApta karane ke lie adhika kSetra honA caahie| dUsarI ora, pRthivItva ke dvArA vyApta honevAlI ghaTatva Adi jAtiyA~ haiM jo dravyatva ke dvArA vyApta hotI to haiM para sIdhe nahIM / dravyatva pahale pRthivItva ko vyApta karatA hai phira ghaTatva ko / isa prakAra lakSaNa ke pada anya jAtiyoM ko vyAvRtta karate haiM / ] ap-sAmAnya kA lakSaNa - jalatva aisA sAmAnya hai jo saritAoM aura sAgaroM meM samaveta ho kintu jvalana se samaveta na ho / [ saritAoM aura sAgaroM ke sAtha jala kA samavAya- sambandha hotA hai / isa vizeSaNa kA prayoga hone se una jAtiyoM kI vyAvRtti hotI hai jo jalatva se vyadhikaraNa meM haiM, jaise pRthivItva Adi / isake sAtha saritAoM - sAgaroM kA saMyoga bhale hI ho, samavAya nahIM ho sakatA / isI vizeSaNa se una jAtiyoM kI bhI vyAvRtti ( nirAsa Exclusion ) hotI hai jo jalatva ke dvArA vyApta ho sakatI hai, jaisesarittva, sAgaratva Adi / sarita se sarittva bhale hI samaveta ho, kyoMki vaha usakI jAti hai, kintu sAgaratva to nahIM hogA / usI prakAra sAgara se sarittva samaveta nahIM ho sakatA / jalatva - jAti sarita - sAgara donoM se eka hI sAtha samaveta haiM jabaki saritva aura sAgaratva 23 sa0 saM0

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354 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe kI jAtiyA~ sarita aura sAgara se kramaza: ( Respectively ) samaveta hotI haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki isa vizeSaNa se unakI vyAvRtti ho jAtI hai| yahI nahIM, kUpatva-tar3Agatva Adi jAtiyoM ke lie to kisI meM cArA nahIM- -na sarit meM, na sAgara meN| aba bacIM ve jAtiyA~ jo jalatva ko hI vyApta karatI haiM, jaise dravyatva aura sattA / jisa samaya 'jvalana se samaveta na honA' kahate haiM, usI samaya inakI vyAvRtti ho jAtI hai, dravyatva bhI jvalana se samaveta hotA hai, sattA bhI jvalana se samaveta hai, kyoMki sattA yA dravyatva meM tejas yA jvalana AtA hai, to paramparayA yA sIdhe vaha ukta donoM se bhI samaveta hI hai / jalatva meM jvalana nahIM hotA, hotA hai to samavAya rUpa meM nahIM / agnikaNoM kA praveza aura nissaraNa kSaNika hai / ] tejastvaM nAma candracAmIkarasamavetatve sati salilAsamavetaM sAmAnyam / vAyutvaM nAma tvagindriyasamavetadravyatvasAkSAdvyApyajAtiH / AkAzakAladizAmekaikatvAdaparajAtyabhAve pAribhASikyastisraH saMjJA bhavanti / AkAzaM kAlo digiti / tejastva - aisA sAmAnya hai jo candra aura svarNa ( cAmIkara ) ke sAtha samaveta ho kintu jala se samabeta na ho / [ uparyukta jalatva kI taraha isakI bhI vyAkhyA hogI / tejastva aura candra- cAmIkara meM samavAya-sambandha hotA hai, isa vizeSaNa ke dvArA tejastva se nirAsa hotA hai / pRthivI se gandha kA praveza ho ) to ho dvArA vyApta honevAlI candratva, kyoMki candra candratva se samasamaveta ho sakatA hai, candratva vyadhikaraNa meM sthita pRthivItva, jalatva Adi jAtiyoM kA candra yA svarNa kA saMyoga sambandha ho jAya ( yadi inameM jAya, para samavAya-sambandha sambhava nahIM / punaH tejastva ke svarNatva Adi jAtiyoM kA bhI nirasana isI se hotA hai, veta ho sakatA hai, svarNatva se nahIM / svarNa bhI svarNatva se se nahIM / dIpaka becArA kisI se samaveta nahIM hogA / kintu tejas donoM se eka hI sAtha samaveta rahatA hai / tejastva jala se samaveta nahIM hotA, isa vizeSaNa ke dvArA tejastva ko hI vyApta karanevAlI jAtiyoM- -jaise sattA, dravyatva -- kI vyAvRtti hotI hai / ye donoM jAtiyA~ paramparayA yA sIdhe ho salila ke sAtha samavAya-sambandha rakhatI haiN| tejastva ( jvalanatva ) kA asthAyI rUpa meM jala se sambandha hotA hai, samavAya nahIM / ] vAyutva -- aisI jAti hai jo tvacA kI indriya ( sparzendriya ) se samaveta ho tathA dravyatva ke dvArA sIdhe vyApta ho sake / [ vAyu ke sAtha sparzendriya sambaddha hai / vAyu ke kAraNa 1. yaha dhyeya hai ki vaizeSikoM kI ye sArI paribhASAeM niSedhAtmaka haiM--dUsaroM kI vyAvRtti hI mukhya dhyeya hai, svarUpa kA prakAzana nahIM / dUsare zabdoM meM ye aisA bhavana banAte haiM jisameM pratirakSA para hI vizeSa dhyAna rahatA hai, nivAsa kI sukha-suvidhAoM para nahIM / bhaya jo na karAye ! koI car3hAI kara de to ? usa samaya sArI suvidhAeM vyartha ho jAyeMgI /

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aulukya-darzanam 355 hI sparza kA anubhava hotA hai| dravyatva meM vAyu bhI AtA hai, isalie sAkSAd vyApta hotA hai| ] ___AkAza, kAla aura dik-ye tInoM akele-akele haiM / isalie inake Upara koI jAti nhiiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki pAribhASika saMjJAeM ye tInoM svayaM haiM-AkAza, kAla aura dik / [ uparyukta dravyoM meM pAribhASika saMjJAeM unakI jAtiyAM thIM, jaise--pRthivI kA pRthivItva, jala kA jalatva / parantu yahAM sIdhe AkAza kA hI lakSaNa hogA-AkAzatva kA nhiiN| AkAza eka hotA hai / jAti tabhI hotI hai jaba anekatA ho / aneka gau hone para hI gotva kA prayoga hotA hai / sAmAnya ( samAnatA, jAti ) ke lie nyUnatama do vyakti ho rahane cAhie anyathA samAnatA kisameM ? ] saMyogAjanyajanyavizeSaguNasamAnAdhikaraNavizeSAdhikaraNamAkAzam / vibhutve sati digasamavetaparatvAsamavAyikAraNAdhikaraNaH kAlaH / akAlatve sati avizeSaguNA mahatI dik / AkAza kA lakSaNa-saMyoga se utpanna na honevAle ( saMyogAjanya ) tathA anitya (janya ) [ AkAza ke ] viziSTa guNa ke sAtha jo vizeSa samAnAdhikaraNa ( samAna ) ho usI vizeSa kA AdhAra AkAza hai| [ Upara dekha cuke haiM ki vizeSa nAmaka padArtha kevala nitya dravyoM ke sAtha avasthita rahatA hai / AkAza bhI nitya hai, isIlie isameM koI vizeSa avazya hI hogA / dUsare zabdoM meM, AkAza vizeSa kA AdhAra yA adhikaraNa hai / AkAza meM eka viziSTa guNa ( Special quality ) hai zabda / isa zabda ke sAtha hI AkAza meM avasthita vizeSa samAnAdhikaraNa hai / kAraNa yaha hai ki zabda kA AdhAra bhI AkAza hai, usa vizeSa kA AdhAra bhI AkAza hai| AdhAra yA adhikaraNa kI samAnatA ke kAraNa donoM samAnAdhikaraNa haiM / isa lakSaNa meM usa viziSTa guNa ( zabda ) ke do vizeSaNa haiM-saMyogAjanya tathA janya / zabda janya arthAt anitya hai, utpanna kiyA jAtA hai isalie anitya hai / yaha dhyeya hai ki mImAMsaka aura vaiyAkaraNa loga zabda ko nitya mAnate haiM, jaba ki naiyAyika aura vaizeSika use anitya svIkAra karate haiM / saMyoga se utpanna na honA bhI zabda kA dharma hai / vaizeSikoM ke yahAM vibhAga se utpanna tathA zabda se utpanna zabda kI sattA mAnI jAtI hai| ___ aba hama lakSaNa ke tArkika pakSa para caleM / 'vizeSAdhikaraNa' kahane se dvayaNuka, vyaNuka Adi, evaM guNa, karma Adi tathA sabhI anitya dravyoM kI vyAvRtti hotI hai / vizeSa guNa ko saMyoga se ajanya tathA janya ( aMnitya ) bhI honA cAhie / dekhie, pRthvI ke paramANuoM meM sthita rUpAdi guNa yadyapi janya ( utpanna hone ke kAraNa, anitya ) haiM, kintu saMyoga se utpanna na hote hoM, aisI bAta nahIM hai / ye vizeSa guNa pAkaja arthAt teja ke saMyoga se utpanna hote haiM / jala, teja aura vAyu ke paramANuoM meM jo vizeSa guNa haiM ve janya hI nahIM

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356 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe haiM, pratyuta nitya haiM / dik, kAla aura mana meM koI vizeSa guNa hai hI nhiiN| paramAtmA meM avasthita jo buddhi Adi vizeSa guNa haiM ve nitya haiM, janya nahIM / jIvAtmA ke buddhi Adi guNa janya haiM para saMyogAjanya nahIM, kyoMki ve mana ke saMyoga se utpanna hote haiM ( to saMyogajanya hI hue, saMyogAjanya nhiiN)| to sabhI dazAoM meM AkAza hI aisA bacatA hai jo saMyogAjanya tathA janya vizeSa guNa ko dhAraNa karatA hai tathA usa guNa ke samAnAdhikaraNa vizeSa kA bhI AdhAra hai| isa lakSaNa meM kahanA kevala itanA hI thA ki zabda jisakA guNa ho vahI AkAza hai| itanA ghaTATopa vaicitrya kA pradarzana karane ke lie hI huA hai| hA~, yaha kaha sakate haiM ki vizeSa kA AdhAra hone para kina-kina meM paraspara sAdharmya hogA yA vizeSa guNa ke samAnAdhikaraNa vizeSa kA AdhAra hone para kina meM sAdharmya hogA-isa prakAra ke jJAna kI AvazyakatA tava par3atI hai jaba isI lakSaNa ke anumAna meM hama vyApti ke udAharaNa dikhalAne lagate haiN| AkAza kA lakSaNa vAstava meM saMsRSTa ( Complicated ) ho gayA hai| ] kAla kA lakSaNa-kAla vaha dravya hai jo vyApaka (vibhu Pervasive ) ho tathA dik ( Space ) se asamaveta paratva ke asamavAyi-kAraNa kA adhikaraNa ho| [ paratva ( Distance ) do prakAra kA hotA hai--sthAnagata arthAt samIpa kI vastu kI apekSA dUrastha vastu meM vidyamAna paratva ( Spatial distance ) tathA kAlagata arthAt choTI avasthAvAle padArtha meM vidyamAna paratva ( Temporal distance ) / sthAnagata paratva kA asamavAyi-kAraNa hotA hai dik ( sthAna ) aura vastu kA saMyoga / isameM dik samaveta rahatA hai aura kAla asamaveta, kyoMki saMyoga do hI padArthoM kA ho sakatA hai| kAlagata paratva kA asamavAyI kAraNa hai kAla aura vastu kA saMyoga / isameM dik asamaveta rahatA hai, kAla samaveta / kAla iso kA AdhAra hai arthAt kAla meM hI kAla-vastu-saMyoga hotA hai / 'vibhu' kA prayoga karane se jyeSTha me ativyApti nahIM hotii| saMyoga cUMki do vastuoM kA hotA hai isalie kAla aura jyeSTha vastu donoM meM usakI satA raha sakatI hai| antara yahI hai ki kAla vibhu hotA hai, jyeSTha vastu vibhu nahIM ho sktii| 'paratva' kA prayoga karane se AkAza aura AtmA meM ativyApti rukatI hai, kyoMki AkAza yA AtmA paratva kA asamavAyI kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA / 'dik se asamaveta' kahane se dizA meM ativyApti rukatI hai|] dika kA lakSaNa-jo kAla na ho, kisI vizeSa guNa se rahita ho tathA mahatI ( vibhu, vyApaka ) ho vahI dik hai / [ kAla meM ativyApti rokane ke lie 'akAla' kahate haiN| kAla bhI vizeSa guNa se zUnya tathA vibhu hotA hai| dik ukta vizeSaNoM se yukta hone para bhI kAla nahIM hai / AkAza aura AtmA meM ativyAkti rokane ke lie vizeSa guNa se rahita' aisA vizezaNa lagAyA gayA hai| AkAza kA vizeSa guNa zabda hai, AtmA kA buddhi

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aulUkya-darzanam 357 Adi / ye donoM akAla haiM tathA vibhu haiM, kintu vizeSa guNa se rahita nahIM haiM / mana meM ativyApti rokane ke lie 'mahatI' kahA gayA hai / mana akAla bhI hai, vizeSa guNa se rahita bhI, kintu vibhu nahIM hai| isIlie yaha lakSaNa kevala dik kA hI huaa|] AtmamanasorAtmatvamanastve / AtmatvaM naamaamuurtsmvetdrvytvaaprjaatiH| manastvaM nAma drvysmvaayikaarnntvrhitaannusmvetdrvytvaaprjaatiH| ___ Atman aura manas ke lakSaNa haiM Atmatva arthAt AtmA kA sAmAnya tathA manastva arthAt mana kA sAmAnya / [ aba ina donoM sAmAnyoM ke lakSaNa diye jaayNge|] Atmatva kA lakSaNa-Atmatva aisI jAti hai jo mUrta dravyoM meM samaveta na ho tathA dravyatva ke dvArA vyApta hotI hai| [ pRthivI, jala, teja, vAyu aura mana-ye pA~ca mUrta dravya haiN| unameM una-una dravyoM kI jAtiyA~ samaveta rahatI haiN| una saboM kA nirasana isI vizeSaNa se hotA hai-amUrtasamaveta / AkAza, kAla aura dik eka-eka hI haiM, isalie unameM to jAti kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA / isa prakAra Atmatva-jAti hI lakSita hotI hai| ___manastva kA lakSaNa-jo aNu ( Atoms ) dravya kA samavAyi-kAraNa nahIM ho sakate una aNuoM meM samaveta ( Eternally connected ) tathA dravyatva ke dvArA vyApta honevAlI jAti ko manastva-jAti kahate haiN| [ mana ke paramANu aise haiM jo kisI dravya kA samavAyi-kAraNa nahIM bana sakate / pRthivI, jala, teja aura vAyu ke paramANuoM kA saMyoga hone para una dravyoM ke dvaSaNuka, vyaNuka, caturaNuka Adi banate haiM / isa prakAra ve paramANu dvayaNukAdi ke samavAyi-kAraNa hote haiN| mana inase pRthak hai, kyoMki isake aNu samavApikAraNa nahIM haiM / aNu kahane se una padArthoM kI vyAvRtti hotI hai jo vibhu haiM, jaiseAkAza, kAla, dik AtmA / mana aNu hotA hai| isa prakAra nau dravyoM ke lakSaNa samApta hue / una dravyoM meM pRthivI, jala, teja, vAyu tathA AtmA, mana kI jAtiyAM haiM; jaba ki AkAza, kAla aura dik akele haiM / ] (7. guNa ke bheda aura unake lakSaNa ) rUpa-rasa-gandha-sparza-saMkhyA-parimANa-pRthaktva-saMyoga-vibhAga-paratvA-paratvabuddhi-sukha-duHkhecchA-dveSa-prayatnAzca kaNThoktAH saptadaza; cazabdasamuccitAH gurutva-dravatva-sneha-saMskArAdRSTa-zabdAH saptaivetyevaM caturvizatiguMNAH / tatra rUpAdizabdAntAnAM rUpatvAdijAtirlakSaNam / rUpatvaM nAma nIlasamavetaguNatvAparajAtiH / anayA dizA ziSTAnAM lakSaNAni draSTavyAni / __guNa caubIsa hote haiN| unameM satraha to sAkSAt kaNAda ke mukha se hI kahe gaye haiMrUpa ( Colour ), rasa ( Taste ), gandha ( Smell ), sparza ( Touch ), saMkhyA ( Number ), mariNAma ( Magnitude ), pRthaktva ( Distinctuss ). bhoga

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358 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe( Conjunction ), vibhAga ( Disjunction ), paratva ( Remoteness ), aparatva ( Nearness ), buddhi (Cognition ), sukha ( Pleasure ), duHkha ( Pain ), icchA ( Desire ), dveSa ( Aversion ), prayatna ( Effort ) / jisa sUtra meM kaNAda ne inakA ullekha kiyA hai usameM 'ca ( = aura )' zabda AyA hai, isase sAta aura guNoM kA bhI samuccaya ( Addition ) hotA hai-gurutva ( Heaviness ), dravatva ( Fluidity ), sneha ( Viscidity ), saMskAra ( Tendency ), adRSTa arthAt dharma ( Merit ) aura adharma ( Demerit ), zabda ( Sound ) / [ kaNAda ne apane vaizeSika sUtra 1 / 115 meM satraha guNoM kA isa prakAra ullekha kiyA hai-rUparasagandhasparzAH saMkhyA parimANAni pRthaktvaM saMyogavibhAgo paratvAparatve buddhayaH sukhaduHkhe icchAdveSo prayatnAzca guNAH / satraha guNa kaNAda ke kaNTha se kahe gaye haiN| 'ca' ( bhI ) kA prayoga batalAyA hai ki kucha guNa aura bhI unheM kahane ko haiN| una sAta guNoM kA samuccaya hotA hai| merI samajha meM vAstava meM 'ca' ke dvArA sAta guNoM kA samuccaya nahIM hotaa| sUtra meM pRthak-pRthak guNoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA haiM / prayatna antima guNa hai, usI kA sambandha zeSa guNoM ke sAtha dikhalAnA 'ca' ko abhISTa hai| bAda meM TIkAkAroM ne caubIsa guNa banAye tathA 'ca' kI naI vyAkhyA kii|] unameM rUpa se lekara zabda paryanta jitane guNa haiM ( arthAt caubIsa ) unake lakSaNa haiM rUpatva Adi kI jAti / [ jisa prakAra dravyoM ke lakSaNa meM jAti dvArA lakSaNa diyA jAtA hai usI prakAra guNoM ke lakSaNa meM bhI jAti kA prayoga hotA hai| ] rUpatva-jAti vaha hai jo nIla se samaveta ho aura guNatva ke dvArA vyApta hotI hai / [ rasatva, gandhatva Adi nAtiyAM nIla se samaveta nahIM rhtiiN| ] isI rIti se avaziSTa guNoM ke lakSaNa bhI dekhe jA sakate haiM / [vizeSa jJAna ke lie tarkasaMgraha, siddhAntamuktAvalI yA vaizeSikasUtra hI dekhe jaayN|] (8. karma Adi ke bheda ) karma paJcavidham / utkSepaNApakSepaNAkuzcanaprasAraNagamanabhedAt / bhramaNarecanAdInAM gamana evaantrbhaavH| utkSepaNAdInAmutkSepaNatvAdijAtirlakSaNam / tatrotkSepaNatvaM nAmordhvadezasaMyogAsamavAyikAraNasamavetakarmatvAparajAtiH / evamapakSepaNatvAdInAM lakSaNaM kartavyam / .. karma ke pAMca bheda haiM-utkSepaNa ( Throwing upwards ), apakSepaNa ( Throwing dowwnwards), AkuMcana ( sikur3anA Contraction ), prasAraNa ( Expansion ) tathA gamana ( Motion ) / bhramaNa (ghUmanA ), recana ( khAlI karanA ) Adi karmoM ko gamana meM hI samAhita kara lete haiM / utkSepaNa Adi karmoM kA lakSaNa hai utkSepaNatva Adi ko jAti / to utkSepaNatva kA artha hai vaisI jAti jo karmatva ke dvArA vyApta hotI hai tathA UparI sthAnoM ke sAtha saMyoga ke asamavAyI kAraNa ( arthAt karmavizeSa ) se samaveta rahatI

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aulUkya darzanam 359 hai / [ tAtparya yaha hai ki Urdhvadeza ke sAtha saMyoga karane kA hetu hI utkSepaNa nAmaka karma hai / ] isI prakAra apakSepaNa Adi kI jAtiyoM ke bhI lakSaNa kara lenA cAhie / vizeSa - utkSepaNa kA artha hai Upara pheMkanA, apakSepaNa = nIce pheMkanA ( adhodeza se saMyoga kA kAraNa ) / AkuMcana = vastuoM kA vakra honA yA vastu ke avayavoM kA nikaTatara A jAnA / prasAraNa = vastuoM kA sIdhA ho jAnA yA unake avayavoM kA dUra ho jAnA / ina karmoM ke atirikta sAre karma gamana meM Ate haiM / bhASA-pariccheda (7) meM kahA gayA hai bhramaNaM recanaM syandanordhvajvalanameva ca / tiryaggamanamapyatra gamanAdeva labhyate // tirachA calanA ghUmanA-phiranA, khAlI karanA, pravAhita honA, Upara kI ora jalanA, Adi sArI kriyAe~ gamana meM hI samajhI jAtI haiM / gamana kA kSetra itanA vyApaka ho jAtA hai ki hameM utkSepaNa Adi prathama cAra karmoM kI pRthak sattA para bhI sandeha hone lagatA hai / para sUtrakAra kI svatantra icchA para kauna prazna kare ? sAmAnyaM dvividhaM paramaparaM ca / paraM sattA dravyaguNasamavetA / aparaM dravyatvAdi / tallakSaNaM prAgevoktam / vizeSANAmanantatvAt samavAyasya caikatvAd vibhAgo na sambhavati / tallakSaNaM ca prAgevAvAdi / sAmAnya do prakAra kA hai - para ( Highest ) aura apara ( Lower ) / para sAmAnya Summum Genus ) to sattA hI hai jo dravya aura guNa se samaveta hai / [ kevala dravya kA nAma lene se dravyatva ativyApti ho jAtI, kevala guNa kA nAma lene se guNatva meM / isalie donoM meM samaveta kahA gayA hai / yaha bhI kaha sakate haiM ki karma meM bhI samaveta hotI hai, kintu do se hI kAma cala jAtA hai-- lakSaNameM to kama se kama zabda na hone cAhie ? ] apara sAmAnya to dravyatva Adi haiM jinake lakSaNa pahale hI diye jA cuke haiM / [ kitane loga para, apara aura parApara ye tIna sAmAnya mAnate haiM / para to sarvocca sAmAnya hai jaise - sattA 1 apara nIce kA sAmAnya hai, jaise-- pRthivItva / parApara vaha hai jo kisI sAmAnya kI apekSA para ho, kisI kI apekSA apara, jaise- dravyatva pRthivItva kI apekSA para ( Upara ) hai kintu sattA kI apekSA to apara ( nIce ) hai / ] vizeSa - ananta prakAra ke haiM aura samavAya to eka hI taraha kA hai, isalie inakA vibhAjana karanA saMbhava hI nahIM hai| jahAM taka inake lakSaNoM kA prazna hai, hama unheM pahale hI dekha cuke haiM / vizeSa - yahA~ para vaizeSika darzana ke AdhArabhUta padArthoM kA vivecana samApta ho gayA / aba isake kucha gambhIra viSayoM meM mAdhavAcArya praveza kara rahe haiM / ve viSaya haiM - dvitva kI

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360 sarvadarzanasaMgraheutpati, pAkaja kI utpatti, vibhAgaja vibhAga ityAdi / inakA vicAra kara lene para abhAva kA nirUpaNa hogA aura vahIM isa darzana kA anta ho jaaygaa| ( 9. dvitva Adi kI utpatti kA vivecana ) 3. dvitve ca pAkajotpatto vibhAge ca vibhAgaje / yasya na skhalitA buddhistaM vai vaizeSikaM viduH|| ityAbhANakasya sadbhAvAd dvitvAdyutpattiprakAraH pradarzyate / "pakakA vaizeSika usI ko kahate haiM jisakI buddhi dvitva ( Duality ) kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM, pAkaja utsatti ( agni-saMyoga ke kAraNa honevAle parivartana ) ke viSaya meM tathA vibhAga ( D.sjunction ) se utpanna honevAle vibhAga ke viSaya meM skhalita ( cyuta ) nahIM hogI / ( tAtparya yaha hai ki vaizeSika darzana meM ina tInoM kI vivecanA vizeSa rUpa se kI jAti hai| )' aisI lokokti saMsAra meM pracalita hai, isalie aba yahA~ dvitva Adi kI utpati kI vidhi dikhalAI jaaygii| vizeSa--guNoM meM eka guNa saMkhyA bhI hai, jisase hama eka-do-tIna Adi kA vyavahAra karate haiM / inameM ekatva hI mukhya naisargika saMkhyA hai jo AdhAra vastu kI prakRti ke anusAra nitya yA anitya hotA hai-~-yadi nitya padArtha meM (jaise AkAza meM ) ekatva ho to taha nitya hotA hai, yadi anitya vastu meM rahe to yahI ekatva anitya ho jAtA hai| ekatva ke atirikta sArI saMkhyAeM kRtrima tathA anitya haiN| hama apanI buddhi ke kAraNa dvitva, tritva, bahutva Adi kI kalpanA karate haiM, kyoMki vyAvahArika dazA meM usakI AvazyakatA par3atI hai / isa prakAra ekatva jahA~ vastu meM svabhAvataH sthita hai, vahIM dvitva buddhi ( =apekSAbuddhi ) para nirbhara karatA hai, buddhi ke dvArA hI vastuoM para dvitva-tritvAdi kA AropaNa hotA hai / apekSAbuddhi use kahate haiM jisase yaha jJAna hotA hai ki yaha eka hai, yaha dUsarA hai / aneka padArthoM meM eka-eka kA bodha isI se hotA hai ( anekaikatvaviSayiNI buddhiH ) / ___apekSAbuddhi aura dvitva ke sambandha ke viSaya meM mImAMsakoM aura vaizeSikoM meM matabheda hai| mImAMsaka kahate haiM ki jisa samaya do ghaTa eka sAtha hote haiM usI samaya dvitva saMkhyA ugala ho jAtI hai| bAda meM indriyoM ke sAtha ghaToM kA saMnikarSa ( Contact ) hone para 'yaha eka ghaTa hai, vaha dUsarA' isa prakAra kI apekSAbuddhi ke dvArA dvitva kA jJAna hotA hai| dvitva pahale se vartamAna hai jisakI abhivyakti-( Manifestation ) apekSAbuddhi ke dArA hotI hai| apekSAbuddhi dvitva ko utpanna nahIM krtii| vaizeSikoM kA vicAra ThIka unTA hai / ve kahate haiM ki dvitva saMkhyA ajJAta hai (jaisA ki mImAMsaka apekSAbuddhi ke pahale ume mAnate haiM ), taba use svIkAra karanA hI nirarthaka hai| isalie usakI sattA ( jJAta yA anAta bhI ) tabhI hotI hai jaba apekSAbuddhi use utpanna karAtI hai / isa dRSTi se apekSAbuddhi ke dvArA hitva saMgyA kI utpatti hotI hai, abhivyakti nhiiN|

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aulukya-darzanam dvitva ke nAza ke viSaya meM bhI donoM ke mata virodhI hI haiN| mImAMsakoM ke anusAra do ghaToM ke viyukta hone para dvitva kA nAza hotA hai, jaba ki vaizeSika apekSAbuddhi ko bhI lagAkara kaI avasthAoM ke bAda vinAza mAnate haiN| vaizeSika kI dvitvotpatti aura dvitvanivRtti abhI Age varNita hai| ATha kSaNoM meM utpatti aura utane hI kSaNoM meM nivRtti ( nAza ) bhI hotI hai / inakA varNana dekheN| ( 9 ka. dvitva kI utpatti kA krama ) tatra prathamamindriyArthasaMnikarSaH (1) / tasmAdekatvasAmAnyajJAnam (2) / tato'pekSAbuddhiH ( 3 ) / tato dvitvotpattiH ( 4 ) / tato dvitvatvasAmAnyajJAnam ( 5 ) / tasmAd dvitvaguNajJAnam ( 6 ) / tato 'dve dravye' iti dhIH ( 7 ) / tataH saMskAraH (8) / tadAha4. AdAvindriyasaMnikarSaghaTanAdekatvasAmAnyadhI rekatvobhayagocarA matirato dvitvaM tato jAyate / dvitvatvapramitistato nu parato dvitvapramA'nantaraM dve dravye iti dhIriyaM nigaditA dvitvodayaprakriyA // iti // sabase pahale indriyoM ke sAtha vastu ( Object ) kA saMnikarSa ( sambandha ) hotA hai (prathama kSaNa meM ghaToM ke sAtha cakSuoM kA sambandha hotA hai / usake bAda dUsare kSaNa meM ekatva kI jAti kA jJAna hotA hai / tIsare kSaNa meM apekSAbuddhi hotI hai [ ki yaha eka ghaTa hai, yaha dUsarA ] cauthe kSaNa meM dvitva kI utpatti hotI hai (= vastu meM dvitva saMkhyA kA bodha hotA hai ) / pA~caveM kSaNa meM dvitvatva kI jAti kA jJAna hotA hai| [ cUMki jAti kA jJAna hone para vyakti kA jJAna hotA hai, isIlie aba ] chaThe kSaNa meM dvitva saMkhyA ( guNa ke rUpa meM ) kA jJAna hotA hai| isake bAda sAtaveM kSaNa meM 'ye do dravya haiM' isa prakAra [ dvitva-saMkhyA se viziSTa dravya ] kA jJAna hotA hai| anta meM AtmA meM ukta jJAna se saMskAra utpanna hotA hai| [ ina AThoM kSaNoM meM utpanna padArthoM meM pahalevAlA padArtha dUsare kA kAraNa hotA hai / bauddhoM ke dvAdaza nidAna kI taraha ye zRMkhalAbaddha haiN| isIlie inheM isa krama meM bAMdhA gayA hai|] yahI kahA gayA hai-"sabase pahale indriyoM ke sAtha [ vastu kA ] saMnikarSa honA, phira ekatva kI jAti kI buddhi ( jJAna ) honA, phira donoM vastuoM meM ekatva kA alaga-alaga bodha karAnevAlI buddhi ( apekSAbuddhi ) kI utpatti, phira dvitva kI utpatti, usake bAda dvitvatva kA jJAna, usake bAda dvitva kA jJAna, taba do dravyoM kI buddhi honA, [ phira dvitva kA saMskAra ]-isa prakAra dvitva kI utpatti kI vidhi batalAI gayI hai|" dvitvAderapekSAbuddhijanyatve kiM pramANam ? atrAhurAcAryAH-apekSAbuddhidvitvAderutpAdikA bhavitumarhati / vyaJjakatvAnupapattau tenAnuvidhIya

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362 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe 1 mAnatvAt / zabdaM prati saMyogavaditi / vayaM tu brUmaH - dvitvAdikamekatvadvayaviSayAnityabuddhivyaGgyaM na bhavati / anekAzritaguNatvAt pRthaktvAdivaditi / aba prazna ho sakatA hai ki kyA pramANa hai ki dvitva Adi kI utpatti apekSAbuddhi se hotI hai ? isake uttara meM AcArya ( udayana ) kahate haiM ki apekSAbuddhi dvitvAdi ko utpanna karane meM samartha hai / jaba apekSAbuddhi ko dvitvAdi kA vyaMjaka siddha nahIM kara pAte taba isa dvitvAdi ke dvArA hI apekSAbuddhi kI apekSA ( anuvidhAna ) ko jAtI hai / jisa prakAra zabda ke dvArA apekSita kaMThAdi sthAnoM meM saMyoga hone se zabda kI utpatti hotI hai / [ isa atyanta saMkSipta uttara ko yoM samajheM -- jisa prakAra vyaMgya-artha vyaMjaka zabda kI apekSA rakhatA hai usI prakAra utpAdya artha bhI utpAdaka kI apekSA karatA hai / yahA~ para dvitvAdi saMkhyA apekSAbuddhi kI apekSA rakhatI hai / pahale hI AghAta meM mImAMsakoM kI yaha mAnyatA kATa dete haiM ki apekSAbuddhi dvitvAdi kA vyaMjaka hai / aisA tabhI hotA jaba apekSA buddhi ke pUrva dvitvAdi kI sattA siddha hotI, parantu usake lie to koI pramANa hI nahIM hai / to apekSA - buddhi kI vyaMjakatA siddha nahIM hotI / aba apekSyamANatA ( apekSA ) jahA~ jahA~ apekSA hotI hai vahA~-vahA~ utpAdakatA rahatI hai ( jisakI utpAdaka hogA ) / udAharaNArtha zabda ke dvArA saMyoga kI apekSA kI jAtI hai ki kaMTha-tAlu Adi sthAnoM meM vAyu kA saMyoga ho to zabda utpanna hogA / yahA~ saMyoga zabda kA utpAdaka hai / isI anumAna se dvitvAdi saMkhyA ke lie apekSAbuddhi kI AvazyakatA honeke kAraNa, dvitvAdi kI utpAdaka apekSAbuddhi kI siddhi hotI hai / abhiprAya spaSTa hai, aba dUsare tarkoM se usI bAta kI siddhi kI jAyagI / ] mAnanI par3egI / " apekSA hogI, vaha hamArA yaha kahanA hai -- dvitva Adi kI abhivyakti usa anitya buddhi ( apekSAbuddhi ) ke dvArA nahIM ho sakatI jisameM do yA usase adhika ekatva hI viSaya ke rUpa meM Ate haiM, kyoMki ye (dvitvAdi ) aneka padArthoM meM Azrita rahanevAle guNa haiM jisa taraha pRthaktva guNa [ aneka padArthoM meM hI rahatA hai ] / vizeSa- isa dUsare tarka kA yaha abhiprAya / do ekatvoM ke viSaya meM apekSAbuddhi hotI hai ki eka yaha hai, eka yaha / apekSAbuddhi anitya hai / cUMki dvitva aneka padArthoM meM rahanevAlA guNa hai isalie apekSAbuddhi ke dvArA inakI abhivyakti ke lie vastu kA ekAzrita rahanA jarUrI hai / dvitva saMkhyA do padArthoM meM rahatI hai, tritva - saMkhyA tIna padArthoM meM rahatI hai ityAdi / jaise pRthaktva-guNa ke lie aneka padArthoM rahanA Avazyaka hai--' hari se zyAma pRthak hai, zyAma se zaMkara / ' ina udAharaNoM meM pRthaktva ( Separateness ) kI vRtti aneka vyaktiyoM meM hai / isa prakAra pRthaktva ke viSaya meM honevAlI apekSAbuddhi ke dvArA I meM 1. sabhI kAraNa yA to zApaka hote haiM yA janaka / apekSAbuddhi yadi jJApaka nahIM hai to janaka hai /

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aulUkya-darzanam 363 pRthaktva kI abhivyakti nahIM hotI / jaba koI vastu vyaMgya nahIM hai, to janya hogI / niSkarSa yaha huA ki apekSAbuddhi se dvitva Adi kI utpatti hotI hai / ( 9 kha. dvitva kI nivRttikA krama ) nivRttikramo nirUpyate - apekSAbuddhita ekatvasAmAnyajJAnasya dvitvotpattisamakAlaM nivattiH / apekSA buddha dvitva sAmAnyajJAnAd dvitvaguNabuddhisamasamayam / dvitvasyApekSA buddhinivRtterdravyabuddhisamakAlam / guNabuddherbravyabuddhitaH saMskArotpattisamakAlam / dravyabuddhestavanantaraM saMskArAditi / aba dvitva kI nivRtti kA krama nirUpita kiyA jAtA hai / [ tRtIya kSaNa meM utpanna honevAlI ] apekSAbuddhi se jo [ caturtha kSaNa meM ] dvitva kI utpatti hotI hai usI ke sAtha-sAtha [ dvitIya kSaNa meM utpanna hue ] ekatva ke sAmAnya ke jJAna kI nivRtti ( vinAza ) ho jAtI hai ( arthAt apekSAbuddhi eka ora dvitva kI utpatti karatI hai aura dUsarI ora ekatva-jAti ke jJAna kA vinAza karatI hai | ) [ paMcama kSaNa meM utpanna hone vAlI ] dvitvatva kI jAti ke jJAna se jaba [ SaSTha kSaNa meM ] dvitva saMkhyA kA jJAna utpanna hotA hai ThIka usI samaya [ tRtIya kSaNa meM utpanna huI ] apekSAbuddhi kA vinAza ho jAtA hai / apekSAbuddhi ke vinAza ( SaSTha kSaNa ) ke bAda [ saptama kSaNa meM ] jo 'ye do dravya haiM' aisA jJAna hotA hai usI ke sAtha dvitva-saMkhyA kA vinAza hotA hai ( kyoMki dvitva saMkhyA ke kAraNasvarUpa apekSAbuddhi kA vinAza isake pUrva hI ho cukA rahatA hai ) / dravya kA jJAna ho jAne ( saptama kSaNa ) ke bAda jaba [ aSTama kSaNa meM ] saMskAra kI utpatti hotI hai ThIka usI samaya dvitva-saMkhyA ke jJAna kA bhI vinAza ho jAtA hai / isake bAda [ aSTama kSaNa meM utpanna ] saMskAra ke bAda ( = naveM kSaNa meM ) do dravyoM kA jJAna bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai / ( isa prakAra dvitvAdi kA kramazaH vinAza hotA hai / ] tathA ca saMgrahazlokAH * 5. AdAvapekSA buddhaghA hi nazyedekatvajAtidhIH / dvitvodayasamaM pazcAt sA ca tajjAtibuddhitaH // 6. dvitvAkhyaguNadhIkAle, tato dvitvaM nivartate / apekSA buddhinAzena dravyadhIjanmakAlataH // 7. guNabuddhi dravyabuddhaghA saMskArotpattikAlataH / dravyabuddhizva saMskArAviti nAzakramo mataH // iti / uparyukta bAtoM kA saMgraha ina zlokoM meM huA hai- " sabase pahale apekSA buddhi se dvitva kI utpatti hone ke sAtha-hI-sAtha ekatva-jAti kA jJAna naSTa ho jAtA hai| usake bAda usa dvitva kI jAti ( arthAt dvitvasva ) ke jJAna se jisa samaya dvitva nAmaka guNa ( saMkhyA )

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364 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe kA jJAna hotA hai usI samaya usa ( apekSAbuddhi ) kA bhI vinAza ho jAtA hai / tadanantara apekSAbuddhi ke nAza ke bAda do dravyoM ke jJAna ke utpanna hone ke hI samaya dvitva kI nivRtti ho jAtI hai / dravyoM kI buddhi ( jJAna ) ke bAda saMskAra kI utpatti ke samaya hI dvitva-saMkhyA ( guNa ) kI buddhi kA nAza hotA hai aura saMskAra ke anantara do dravyoM kI buddhi kA nAza hotA hai - yahI nAza kA krama nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / " vizeSa - nimnalikhita pATI se dvitvoM ke udaya aura nAza kA krama acchI taraha samajhA jA sakatA hai kSaNa vinAza ( udaya kSaNa ) prathama dvitIya tRtIya caturtha pazcama udaya indriyArthasaMnikarSa ekatva - jAti kA jJAna apekSA buddhi dvitva kI utpatti X ekatvajAti kA jJAna dvitvatva - jAti kA jJAna X SaSTha dvitva - saMkhyA kA jJAna 3 ) apekSAbuddhi dvitvasaMkhyA saptama do dravyoM kA jJAna ( 4 ) aSTama saMskAra (6) dvitvasaMkhyA kA jJAna dravyoM kA jJAna navama X ( 7 ) aba ina jJAnoM ke vinAza ke lie pramANa diye jA rahe haiM jinase dvitva kI nivRtti kI puSTi ho sake / ( 2 ) buddherbuddhayantaravinAzyatve saMskAravinAzyatve ca pramANam -vivAdAdhyAsitAni jJAnAnyuttarottarakAryavinAzyAni kSaNikavibhuvizeSaguNatvAcchandavat / kvacid dravyArambhakasaMyogapratidvandvi vibhAgajanakakarmasamakAlamekatvasamakAlacintayA''zrayanivRttereva dvitvanivRttiH / karmasamakAlamapekSA buddhicintanAdubhAbhyAmiti saMkSepaH / aba isake lie pramANa diyA jA rahA hai ki eka buddhi ( jJAna ) kA vinAza dUsarI buddhi (jJAna) se yA saMskAra ke dvArA hotA hai / isa sthAna para jinakI bAta cala rahI hai ve ( prastuta, vivAdagrasta, Under question ) jJAna uttarottara kAryoM ke dvArA kramazaH naSTa hote jAte haiM / kAraNa yaha hai ki zabda kI bhA~ti, vibhu dravyoM ke vizeSa guNa kSaNika huA karate haiM / [ AkAza vibhu dravya hai, isakA vizeSa guNa zabda hai jo kSaNika hai / yaha kSaNika zabda apanI utpatti ke dUsare kSaNa meM apane hI sadRza dUsare zabda ko utpanna karake svayaM tIsare kSaNa meM naSTa ho jAtA hai / to niskarSa yaha nikalatA hai ki prathama kSaNavAle zabda ke dvArA dvitIya kSaNa meM utpanna zabda kArya huA, prathama kSaNavAlA zabda kAraNa hai - vahI kAryarUpa meM vidyamAna dvitIya kSaNavAlA zabda prathama kSaNavAle kAraNabhUta zabda kA vinAza ho

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aulUkya-darzanam . 365 jAtA hai / kAraNa kA nAza kArya hI karatA hai, pitA kA vadha putra ke hI hAthoM se hotA hai| ThIka isI prakAra prathama kSaNa meM utpanna jJAna dvitIya kSaNa meM dUsare jJAna ko yA saMskAra ko utpanna karatA hai aura badale meM uttaravartI kAryarUpa jJAna yA saMskAra apane utpAdaka kA hI vinAza kara DAlatA hai| isalie jJAna ko jJAna hI khA jAtA hai| ] [ Upara yaha kaha cuke haiM ki apekSAbuddhi kA nAza ho jAne para dvitva kA nAza ho jAtA hai| aba dvitvanAza kI eka dUsarI vidhi bhI dekheM- kahIM-kahIM kisI dravya ( jaise ghaTa ) ko Arambha karanevAle saMyoga ( = avayavoM kA saMyoga ) ke vinAzaka ( pratidvandvI ) vibhAga ( Disjunction ) ko utpanna karanevAle karma ke Ane ke samaya meM hI ekatva-jAti kI cintA ( jJAna ) hotI hai| aura taba Azraya ghaTa kA vinAza ho jAne se dvitva kA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai / vastu ke avayavoM kA vibhAga karanevAlA karma apanI utpatti ke caturtha kSaNa meM vastu kA nAza karatA hai| prathama kSaNa meM vaha karma utpanna hotA hai| usI karma se dUsare kSaNa meM vastu ke avayavoM kA vibhAga hotA hai / tIsare kSaNa meM avayavoM ke saMyoga kA vinAza hotA hai / cauthe kSaNa meM usa vastu ( ghaTa ) kA hI vinAza ho jAtA hai / dvitva kI utpatti kA vicAra karate hue hamane ATha kSaNa dekhe the jinameM dvitIya kSaNa meM ekatva kI jAti kA jJAna utpanna hotA hai jo apekSAbuddhi ko tRtIya kSaNa meM utpanna karatA hai| yaha ekatvajAtijJAna yadi ghaTa kA vinAza karanevAle cAra kSaNoM ke madhya prathama kSaNa meM ho taba svabhAvataH dvitIya kSaNa meM arthAt vibhAga ke samaya apekSAbuddhi kI utpatti hogii| usake bAda tRtIya kSaNa meM ( saMyoga kA nAza hone ke samaya meM ) dvitva kI utpatti hogii| caturtha kSaNa meM ( vastu kA nAza hone ke kSaNa meM ) dvitvatva-jAti kA jJAna hogaa| isI kSaNa meM ghaTa-rUpI Azraya (AdhAra ) ke nAza ke kAraNa isake bAdavAle kSaNa meM do ghaToM meM vidyamAna dvitva-kA vinAza ho jAtA hai kyoMki ghaTa ( dravya ) ke nAza ke anantara usameM sthita dvitva ( guNa ! ... "sthata rahanA asambhava hai| isa prakriyA meM apekSAbuddhi ke nAza se dvitvanAza nahIM hotA, kyoMki dvitvanAza ke pUrva apekSAbuddhi ke vinAza kI koI bAta hI nahIM cltii|] [ mUla meM jo 'ekatvasAmAnyacintA' pada hai, usakA artha hai ekatva-jAti kA jJAna / aba isa ekatvajAtijJAna ko yadi Apa pahale hI rakha leM-vibhAga-janaka karma ke pahale hI ekatva jAti kA jJAna ho jAya taba svabhAvataH usake bAda AnevAlI apekSAbuddhi prathama kSaNa meM hI ( vibhAgotpAdaka karma ke samaya meM hI ) utpanna hogii| dvitIya kSaNa meM (vibhAga ke samaya ) dvitva kI utpatti tathA tRtIya kSaNa meM ( saMyoganAza ke samaya ) dvitvatvajAti kA jJAna hogaa| caturtha kSaNa meM ( ghaTanAza ke samaya ) apekSAbuddhi kA nAza hogaa| isa kSaNa meM ( caturtha kSaNa meM) ghaTa-rUpI Azraya kA nAza tathA apekSAbuddhi kA nAza donoM kAraNoM se usake uttara kSaNa meM dvitva kA nAza hotA hai| ise hI kahA jA rahA hai-] aura yadi

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe vibhAgajanaka karma ke kSaNa meM hI apekSAbuddhi kI cintA ( utpatti ) kareM to donoM kAraNoM se dvitva kA kA nAza ho sakatA hai--yahI saMkSepa meM [ dvitva kA vicAra ho gyaa|] vizeSa-uparyukta donoM kAraNoM kA antara itanA hI hai ki apekSAbuddhi kI satA kahA~ mAneM ? yadi apekSAbuddhi dvitIya kSaNa meM (vibhAga ke samaya ) mAnate haiM to apekSAbuddhi ke nAza ke hI samaya dvitva kA nAza ho jAtA hai usa samaya apekSAbuddhinAza kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki kAraNa ko kArya ke pUrva hI rahanA cAhie, samakAla nahIM / nidAna hameM AdhAranAza se dvitvanAza mAnanA pdd'egaa| dUsarI ora yadi sArI prakriyA eka sIr3hI Upara khisaka jAya tathA apekSAbuddhi ko dvitIya kSaNa meM na mAnakara prathama kSaNa meM svIkAra kara leM to caturtha kSaNa meM usakA nAza ho jAyagA aura vaha nAza ArAma se utaravartI kSaNa meM honevAle dvitvanAza kA kAraNa bana jaaygii| ise nimna pATI se samajha sakate haiM :kSaNa kAryacatuSTaya dvitvanAza ko dvitvanAza kI prakriyA saM0 (1) prakriyA saM0 (2) 1. vibhAgajanaka karma ekatvajAtijJAna ( 2) apekSAbuddhi (3) 2. vibhAga apekSAbuddhi (3) dvitvotpatti (4) 3. saMyoganAza dvitvotpatti ( 4 ) dvitvatvajAtijJAna (5) 4. ghaTanAza dvitvatvajAtijJAna (5) apekSAbuddhinAza ( 6 ) 5. (AdhAranAza se ) dvitvanAza, apekSAbuddhinAza ( 6) dvitvanAza (7) koSThakoM meM nirdiSTa aMka yaha sUcita karate haiM ki pUrvokta ATha kSaNoMvAlI prakriyA meM ina kAryoM kA kauna-sA sthAna thaa| prastuta prakriyA saM0 1 meM dvitvanAza kA kAraNa ghaTanAza arthAt AdhAranAza hai jaba ki prakriyA saM0 2 meM pahale kI bhA~ti apekSAbuddhi ke vinAza se hI dvitva kA vinAza mAnA jAtA hai| vAstava meM navInatA prakriyA saM0 1 meM hI hai| aba apekSAbuddhi kA lakSaNa dekara dvitva kA prakaraNa samApta kiyA jAyagA / (9 ga. apekSAbuddhi kA lakSaNa ) apekSAbuddhirnAma vinAzakavinAzapratiyoginI buddhiriti boddhavyam / apekSAbuddhi usa buddhi ko kahate haiM jisakA vinAza [ dvitva saMkhyA kA ] vinAzaka ho / tAtparya yaha hai ki apekSAbuddhi ke nAza se dvitvasaMkhyA kA nAza hotA hai-donoM ke vinAzoM meM kAryakAraNa kA sambandha hai| aba yadi apekSAbuddhi ke nAza se dvitvasaMkhyA kA nAza hotA hai taba to apekSAbuddhi apane nAza kI pratiyoginI huI / [ isI ko kahA gayA hai ki apekSAbuddhi dvitvasaMkhyA ko naSTa karanevAle vinAza kI pratiyoginI puti hai|

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367 aulUkya-darzanam vizeSa-isameM antarbhUta padoM para vicAra karane se yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki yadi lakSaNa se "vinAzaka' pada haTA deM to jIva kI buddhi meM ativyApti ho jaaygii| kAraNa yaha hai ki jaba hama kahate haiM 'yaha ghaTa hai' to isa buddhi kA bhI tRtIya kSaNa meM vinAza ho hI jAtA hai-yaha buddhi bhI vinAza kI pratiyoginI hai, isalie 'yaha ghaTa hai" isa jJAna ko bhI apekSAbuddhi kahane lgeNge| isalie ativyApti rokane ke lie 'vinAzaka' pada kA prayoga huA hai| vaisA karane se ghaTa-jJAna kA nAza hone para kisI dUsare kA vinAza nahIM hotA-isalie ghaTajJAna kA nAza kisI kA vinAzaka nahIM hai| dvitva kA nAza apekSAbuddhi ke hI nAza se :sambhava hai| vaizeSikoM kA yaha mata dikhalAyA gayA hai ki dvitva apekSAbuddhi se utpanna hotA hai| neyAyika bhI isI ko svIkAra karate haiM, kintu isameM unakI vizeSa ruci nahIM, vizeSa para vaizeSika kA hI Agraha hai| kucha loga jo yaha zaMkA karate haiM ki vaizeSikoM kA dvitva apekSA se vyakta hotA hai, utpanna nahIM-yaha bilkula nirarthaka hai| bhASA-pariccheda (guNakhaNDa, 109 ) meM apekSA-buddhi kA lakSaNa dete hue vizvanAtha kahate haiM-anekakatvabuddhiryA sA'pekSAbuddhirucyate-arthAt apekSAbuddhi use kahate haiM jo anekatva meM ekatva kA avagAhana karAye / jaise 'ayam ekaH, ayam ekaH' muktAvalI meM prastuta prasaMga ko isa rUpa meM vyakta kiyA gayA hai-'na cApekSAbuddhinAzAtkathaM dvitvanAza iti vAcyam / kAlAntare dvitvapratyakSAbhAvAt apekSAbuddhistadutpAdikA tannAzastannAzaka iti kalpanAt / ' pUrvapakSavAle zaMkA karate haiM ki apekSAbuddhi ke vinAza ke bAda dvitva kA nAza kaise hotA hai ? uttara yaha hai ki jaba apekSAbuddhi nahIM rahatI taba dvitva Adi dharmoM kA pratyakSIkaraNa nahIM hotA, isIlie aisA nizcaya hotA hai ki apekSAbuddhi ho unheM utpanna karatI hai aura apekSAbuddhi ke vinAza se una dvitvAdi dharmoM kA bhI vinAza ho jAtA hai| dvitvAdi ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM apekSAbuddhi kisa prakAra kI kaba hotI hai, isa para vicAra karate hue muktAvalI meM likhA hai ki dvayaNukAdi padArthoM kA jJAna indriyoM se nahIM ho sktaa| unameM dvitva ke jJAna ke lie yogiyoM kI apekSAbuddhi kAma detI hai| sRSTi ke Adi-kAla meM jo paramANu Adi haiM unameM dvitva ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM yA to Izvara kI apekSAbuddhi kAma meM AtI hai yA dUsare brahmANDa (jisa brahmANDa kI sRSTi ho rahI hai usase kisI bhinna brahmANDa ) meM vidyamAna yogiyoM kI apekSAbuddhi kAma detI hai| ( muktAvalI, vhiiN)| ( 10. pAkaja padArtha kI utpatti ) atha dUdhaNukanAzamArabhya katibhiH kSaNaH punaranyad dvaSaNukamutpadya spAdimabhavatIti jijJAsAyAmutpattiprakAraH kathyate-novanAvikameNa

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368 sarvadarzanasaMgrahedvayaNukanAzaH, naSTe vyaNuke paramANAvagnisaMyogAcchacAmAdInAM nivRttiH| nivRtteSu zyAmAdiSu punaranyasmAdagnisaMyogAd rktaadiinaamutpttiH| aba yaha prazna hotA hai ki eka dvayaNuka kA nAza hone para, kitane kSaNoM ke bAda phira dUsarA dvayaNuka utpanna hokara rUpa-rasa Adi se yukta hotA hai| isa jijJAsA ke uttara meM aba hama vyaNuka kI utpatti ko rUparekhA ( prakAra ) prastuta karate haiN| (1) sabase pahale nodana ( saMyoga, agni-saMyoga, inud preraNA, Motion ) Adi ke krama se' dvayaNuka ( do aNuoM ke sammilita rUpa ) kA nAza hotA hai| (2) yaNaka ke naSTa ho jAne para paramANu meM agni-saMyoga hotA hai jisase zyAma Adi guNoM kI nivRtti (nAza ) hotI hai / ( 3 ) aba zyAma Adi bhUtapUrva guNoM ke haTa jAne para usa paramANu meM punaH agni-saMyoga hotA hai / jisase rakta Adi guNoM kI utpatti hotI hai| vizeSa-'pAka' kA artha hai tejaHsaMyoga / agni ke sAtha saMyoga hone para dravyoM meM rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza kA antara yA parivartana hotA hai| kaccA ghar3A kAlA hai kintu jaba usameM agni kA saMyoga hogA taba vaha lAla ho jaaygaa| Ama, amarUda Adi ke hare phaloM meM teja ke saMyoga se pIlApana A jAtA hai-yaha rUpa kA parivartana hai| kaccA phala svAda ( rasa ) meM khaTTA, gandha meM dUsarI taraha kA tathA sparza meM kar3A lagatA hai, jaba ki agnisaMyoga (dhUpa se ) ho jAne para jaba vaha paka jAtA hai taba usameM madhuratA, sugandha tathA komalatA A jAtI hai / isI taraha se dravyoM meM rUpAdi cAra guNoM kA pAkajatva dekhA jAtA hai, kintu smaraNIya hai ki nava dravyoM meM kevala pRthvI meM hI yaha pAkajatva hotA hai-'eteSAM pAkajatvaM tu kSito nAnyatra kutracit' ( bhA0 pa0 105 ) / jalAdi dravyoM meM pAkajatva nahIM hotaa| ____aba prazna yaha hai ki pAka hotA kisakA hai-paramANuoM kA yA pUre dravya (piNDa ) kA? vaizeSika kahate haiM ki paramANuoM meM hI pAkaja guNoM ( rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza kA parivartana hotA hai-tatrApi paramANau syAtpAko vaizeSike naye ( bhA0 50 105 ) / unake siddhAnta ko pIlupAka-prakriyA kahate haiM, kyoMki 'paulu' kA artha paramANu hotA hai / dUsarI ora neyAyikoM kI mAnyatA hai ki piNDa meM hI rUpAdi kA parAvartana hotA hai / avayava aura avayavI ( jaise ghaTa) kA nitya sambandha hone ke kAraNa donoM kA eka sAtha vinAza aura eka hI sAtha udaya hotA hai / ataH pUrvarUpa Adi kA nAza yA vikAsa avayavI (piNDa ) 1. agni-saMyoga ( nodana) se ghaTa ke aNuoM meM kriyA utpanna hotI hai, taba eka aNu se dUsare aNu kA pRthakkaraNa ( Separation ) hotA hai| phira kRSNa (kaccA ) ghaTa kA nirmANa karanevAle aNuoM ke saMyoga kA nAza hotA hai aura anta meM dvaSaNuka kA vinAza hotA hai| yaha ghaNuka naSTa hone para punaH navama kSaNa meM dUsarA dUpaNuka dUsare rUpa ko utpanna karatA hai|

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aulUkya-darzanam 369 se sambaddha hai / naiyAyikoM kA siddhAnta piTharapAka prakriyA ke nAma se prasiddha hai (piThara : piNDa yA avayavI jaise ghaTa ) 1 = prastuta prasaMga meM vaizeSikoM kI pIlupAka-prakriyA hI mahattvapUrNa hai / ataH usI kA vizlepaNa samIcIna hai / sAmAnyataH tejaHsaMyoga ke kAraNa ghaTa ke avayavoM yA kapAloM (ghaTa ke Tukar3oM) ke pArasparika viyoga se ghaTa ( avayavI ) kA nAza hotA hai / ina kapAloM ke avayavoM ke bhI viyoga yA vinAza se inakA nAza hotA hai / isa prakAra kA nAza tryaNuka taka hI hotA hai / dvyaNuka kA nAza isake avayavoM ke nAza se nahIM hotA, pratyuta do paramAoM ke pArasparika viyoga se hotA hai, kyoMki paramANu nitya hone ke kAraNa naSTa nahIM ho sakate / hA~, eka dUsare se ve pRthaka ho sakate haiM / aba ina paramANuoM ke pRthak hone se inake pahale ke rUpa, rasa Adi guNa naSTa ho jAte haiM tathA dUsare hI rUpa, rasa Adi utpanna hote haiM / aba ina paramANuoM se kramazaH dvyaNuka, tryaNuka Adi ke krama se navIna ghaTa utpanna hotA hai / muktAvalI ( bhA0 pa0 105 kI TIkA ) meM isa prakAra kahA gayA hai-- pRthivI - dravya meM bho kevala paramANu meM hI pAka hotA hai, aisA vaizeSika loga kahate haiN| unakA yaha abhiprAya hai - avayavI ( ghaTa ) ke dvArA niruddha ( sambaddha ) avayavoM meM pAka kA honA sambhava nahIM / hA~, agni ke saMyoga se avayaviyoM ke naSTa ho jAne para pratyeka avayava ke svatantra paramANuoM meM pAka hotA hai / phira pakva ( pAka hone ke bAda, tejaH saMyoga se rUpAdi-parAvRtta hone para ) paramANuoM ke saMyoga se dvayaguNAdi ke krama se = ghaTa ) paryanta utpatti hotI hai / agni-padArtha meM atizaya vega hone ke kAraNa pahale ke vyUha ( avayava - samUha ke rUpa meM ghaTa ) kA nAza hokara turanta dUsare vyUha kI utpatti ho jAtI hai / ' mahAn avayavI ( eka dvaNuka kA nAza hone para dUsarA dvyaNuka kitane kSaNoM meM utpanna hotA hai, isa prazna ko lekara vaizeSikoM ke yahA~ kSaNaprakriyA calatI hai / vibhAgaja vibhAga ko svIkAra karane para isameM dasa kSaNa lagate haiM, kintu use asvIkAra kareM to kevala nava kSaNoM meM kAma ho jAtA hai / kucha dUsare matoM se isameM pA~ca, chaha, sAta, ATha yA gyAraha kSaNa bhI hote haiM / una saboM kA vivecana muktAvalI ke uparyukta sthala para huA hai / isa sthAna para navaMkSaNa-prakriyA kI carcA cala rahI hai / Upara tIna kSaNa hama dekha cuke haiN| cauthe kSaNa ke lie Age dekheM / utpanneSu raktAdiSu adRSTavadAtmasaMyogAtparamANau dravyArambhaNAya kriyA / tathA pUrvadezAdvibhAgaH / vibhAgena pUrvadezasaMyoganivRttiH / tasminnivRtte paramANvantareNa saMyogotpattiH / saMyuktAbhyAM paramANubhyAM dvaghaNukArambhaH / Arabdhe dvadyaNuke kAraNaguNAdibhyaH kAryaguNAdInAM rUpAdInAmutpattiriti yathAkramaM nava kSaNAH /

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe dazakSaNAdiprakArAntaraM vistarabhayAnneha pratanyate / itthaM polupAkaprakriyA / piTharapAkaprakriyA naiyAyikadhIsaMmatA / 370 ( 4 ) rakta Adi guNoM ke utpanna ho jAne para adRSTa ( dharma-adharma ) se yukta AtmA ke sAtha saMyoga hone para paramANu meM dravya kA Arambha ( utpAdana ) karane ke lie kriyA hotI hai / [ cU~ki nirguNa dravya meM kriyA kA rahanA asambhava hai isalie raktAdi guNoM kI utpatti ke anantara hI dravyArambhaka kriyA utpanna hotI hai / adRSTa arthAt adharma hI sabhI padArthoM kA sAdhAraNa kAraNa hai, kyoMki adRSTa ke Azraya jIva haiM jo vibhu hone ke kAraNa sabhI kAryoM meM adRSTa ke sAtha rahate haiM / ] ( 5 ) isa kriyA ke dvArA paramANu kA apane pUrva sthAna se vibhAga ( Disjunction ) hotA hai / ( 6 ) vibhAga hone para paramANu ke pUrva sthAna ke sAtha vidyamAna saMyoga kA vinAza hotA hai / ( 7 ) jaba saMyoga kI nivRtti ho jAtI hai taba usa paramANu kA saMyoga dUsare paramgaNu ke sAtha hotA hai / ( 8 ) do paramANuoM ke saMyukta hone se yaNuka ( do paramANuoM kA samAhAra ) kA Arambha hotA hai aura anta meM ( 9 ) dvaNuka kA Arambha hone para kAraNa ke rUpa meM sthita guNa Adi se kArya ke rUpa meM sthita guNAdi - jaise rUpa, rasa, gandhAdi -- kI utpatti hotI hai - isa prakAra kramazaH ye nau kSaNa hote haiM / dasa kSaNa meM honevAlI yA dUsare prakAra se ( pA~ca, chaha Adi kSaNoM meM ) honevAlI prakriyAoM kA varNana vistAra ke bhaya se nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai / astu isa prakriyA ko pIlupAka-prakriyA kahate haiM / naiyAyikoM ke dvArA piTharapAka - prakriyA svIkRta hai / [ isakI rUparekhA Upara kI TippaNI meM dI gaI hai / ] ' ( 11. vibhAgaja vibhAga kA vivecana ) vibhAgajavibhAgo dvividhaH -- kAraNamAtravibhAgajaH kAraNAkAraNavibhAgajazca / tatra prathamaH kathyate - kAryavyApte kAraNe karmotpannaM yadA'vayavAntarAdvibhAgaM vidhatte, na tadA''kAzAdidezAdvibhAgaH / yadA tvAkAzAdidezAdvibhAgaH, na tadA'vayavAntarAditi sthitiniyamaH / vibhAga se utpanna honevAlA vibhAga do prakAra kA hai - ( 1 ) jo kevala kAraNa / 1. pIlupAka-prakriyA meM kaccA ghaTa jaba pakAyA jAtA hai taba usakA nAza hI ho jAtA hai, kyoMki isake dvaNuka Adi naSTa ho jAte haiN| pAka ( agni-saMyoga ) se paramANuoM meM lAlI AtI hai tathA ghaTa pakakara lAla ho jAtA hai kriyA itanI zIghra hotI hai ki ghaTa ke parivartana ko A~kheM nahIM samajha pAtIM / ghaTa badala jAtA hai / piTharapAka-prakriyA meM agni dravya ke aNuoM meM sIdhe praviSTa ho jAtI hai tathA kacce ghaTa kA vinAza binA kiye hI apanA prabhAva una aNuoM para vyakta karake usI ghaTa meM guNa parivartana kara detI hai /

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aulukya-vasanan 371 ( upAdAna kAraNa ) ke vibhAga se utpanna ho tathA ( 2 ) jo kAraNa aura akAraNa ( sthAna ) ke vibhAga se utpanna ho / pahale hama prathama bheda kA varNana kreN| kArya ( dvayaNuka ) ke dvArA vyApta kAraNa (paramANu ) meM jo karma (kriyA ) utpanna hotA hai vaha jaba dUsare avayavoM se vibhAga dhAraNa karatA hai, usa samaya AkAza Adi dezoM ( Place ) se vibhAga nahIM hotaa| dUsarI ora jaba usameM AkAza Adi dezoM se vibhAga kiyA jAtA hai taba dUsare avayavoM se vibhAga nahIM hotA-yaha eka sthira niyama hai / vizeSa-vazeSikoM ke dvArA pradarzita guNoM meM eka guNa vibhAga ( Disjunction ) hai| yaha tIna prakAra se hotA hai-eka padArtha kI kriyA se utpanna honevAlA vibhAga, donoM kI kriyAoM se honevAlA vibhAga tathA vibhAga se hI utpanna honevAlA vibhAga / inake udAharaNa kramazaH yoM haiM--zyena pakSI se parvata kA vibhAga ( eka-kriyAjanya vibhAga ), do mevoM ( bher3oM) kA vibhAga ( ubhayakriyAjanya ) tathA kapAla (ghar3e ke Tukar3e ) aura vRkSa kA vibhAga karanA (vibhAgaja-vibhAga ) / vibhAgaja-vibhAga meM bhI do dravyoM kA pRthakkaraNa hotA hai, kintu unameM pahale eka aura vibhAga ho jAtA hai| eka vastu (dharmI ) ke avayavoM ke sAtha dUsarI vastu ( pratiyogI ) kA vibhAga kara lene para usI ke AdhAra para pUre dharmI ke sAtha pratiyogI kA vibhAga mAnate haiM / naiyAyika isa prakAra kA vibhAga svIkAra nahIM krte| isa vibhAgaja vibhAga ke do bheda haiM vibhAgajastRtIyaH syAttRtIyo'pi dvidhA bhavet / hetumAtravibhAgotyo hetvahetuvibhAgajaH // (bhA0 50 120) / siddhAntamuktAvalI meM inakI vivecanA bahuta sarala aura saMkSipta rUpa se huI hai| 1.kAraNamAtra vibhAgajanya-pahale kapAla meM kriyA utpanna hotI hai, phira do kamAloM kA vibhAga hotA hai, phira ghaTa kA Arambha karanevAle saMyoga kA nAza hotA hai, phira ghaTa kA nAza hotA hai| aba usI kapAla-vibhAga ke dvArA pUrvokta kriyAyukta kapAla kA bAkAza ke sAtha vibhAga utpanna hotA hai / punaH AkAzasaMyoga kA nAza hokara anta meM karma kA nAza hotA hai| tAtparya yaha nikalA ki karma pahale eka prakAra kA vibhAga ( kapAladvayavibhAga ) utpanna kara detA hai taba isa vibhAga ke dvArA dUsarA vibhAga ( AkAza arthAt sthAna se kapAla kA vibhAga) utpanna hotA hai / isa prakriyA meM do vibhAga hue-1. avayavoM se vibhAga tathA 2. dezAntara ( dUsare sthAna ) se vibhAga / ye donoM eka sAtha nahIM rhte| kevala pUrvApara kA hI nahIM, ina donoM ke bIca kucha kSaNoM kA antara hai| hama aisI zaMkA nahIM kara sakate ki jisa pahale karma se do avayavoM kA vibhAga kiyA gayA hai usI se kapAla kA AkAza yA dezAntara ke sAtha vibhAga utpanna honA kyoM nahIM mAna lete haiM ? kAraNa yaha hai ki eka hI karma Arambhaka ( utpAdaka ) saMyoga ke virodha meM

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372 sarvadarzanasaMgraha khar3e honevAle vibhAga ko tathA anArambhaka saMyoga ke virodhI vibhAga ko-donoM ko utpanna nahIM kara sktaa| yadi donoM prakAra ke vibhAgoM ko utpanna karanevAlI kriyA ko hama eka hI samajhane kI bhUla kareM to khilate hue kamala kI kalikA ke TUTa jAne kI bhI saMbhAvanA karanI par3egI (vikasatkamalakuDmalabhaGgaprasaGgAt ) / kamala ke khilane ke samaya jo karma usameM utpanna hotA hai, vaha usa vibhAga ko utpanna karatA hai jo kamala ke anArambhaka AkAza-pradeza ke sAtha usake saMyoga kA virodhI hai| yadi vaha karma aba kamala ke AraMbhaka saMyoga ke virodhI vibhAga ko utpanna kare to kamala kA vinAza nizcita hai| AraMbhaka saMyoga vinAza para hI AdhArita hotA hai / phala yaha nikalA ki jo karma anAraMbhaka saMyoga ke virodhI vibhAga ko utpanna karatA hai, vaha AraMbhaka saMyoga ke virodhI vibhAga ko utpanna nahIM karatA / jo karma dUsare avayavoM se arthAt paramANuoM se vibhAga (AraMbhakasaMyogapratidvandvibhUtaM vibhAgam ) utpanna karatA hai, vaha karma dvayaNukoM kA AraMbhaka na karanevAle AkAza-pradeza ke sAtha honevAle saMyoga kA virodhI vibhAga utpanna nahIM krtaa| donoM meM se koI eka hI kriyA saMbhava hai-donoM prakAroM se vibhAga ko utpanna karanevAlI kriyAeM do haiN| aisI bhI zaMkA nahIM kI jA sakatI ki kAraNa-vibhAga ( avayavoM se vibhAga ) se hI, dravya-nAza ke pahale hI, dezAntara ( AkAza )-vibhAga kyoM nahIM utpanna hotA ? kAraNa yaha hai ki avayava AraMbhaka-saMyoga ke virodhI vibhAga ko utpanna karatA hai, dravya ke hone para (binA dravya-nAza ke ) dezAntara se isakA vibhAga honA asaMbhava hai| ataH kisI bhI dazA meM avayava-vibhAga ( kAraNa-vibhAga ) ke hone ke bAda hI dezAntara-vibhAga hotA hai| 2. kAraNAkAraNa-vibhAgajanya-hAtha meM kriyA utpanna hone se hAtha aura vRkSa ke bIca vibhAga hotA hai, isI se zarIra meM bhI 'vibhakta' (pRthaka) hone kA jJAna hotA hai ( smaraNIya hai ki vibhAga ke dvArA do dravyoM meM vibhakta hone kI pratIti hotI hai)| isa prakAra hasta-vRkSa-vibhAga ( kArya) ke lie hasta-kriyA kAraNa hai| kintu yahI hasta-kriyA zarIra aura vRkSa ke vibhAga kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki donoM kA eka adhikaraNa nahIM hai| kArya-kAraNa kA sambandha samAnAdhikaraNa padArthoM kA hI hotA hai| zarIra-kriyA ko bhI zarIra aura vRkSa ke vibhAga kA kAraNa nahIM mAna sakate, kyoMki zarIra meM kriyA to usa samaya huI hI nhiiN| avayavI ( zarIra ) ke karma avayavoM ( hAtha, paira Adi ) para hI nirbhara karate haiN| sabhI avayavoM meM kriyA hone para hI zarIra kI kriyA mAnI jAtI hai| aise sthaloM meM kAraNAkAraNa-vibhAga se kAryAkArya-vibhAga utpanna hotA hai| hasta-vRkSa kA vibhAga ( kAraNa) hone ke bAda zarIra-vRkSa kA vibhAga hotA hai-hasta-vRkSa kA vibhAga hone se zarIra meM bhI vibhakta pratyaya hotA hai| ___ ina saboM kA vivecana muktAvalI ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| sarvadarzana-saMgraha meM bhI prastuta prasaMga meM yaha viSaya aavegaa|

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aulUkya darzanam 373 karmaNo gaganavibhAgAkartRtvasya dravyArambhakasaMyogavirodhivibhAgA rambhakatvena dhUmasya dhUmadhvajavargeNeva vyabhicArAnupalambhAt / tatazcAvayavakarmAvayavAntarAdeva vibhAgaM karoti nAkAzAdidezAt / tasmAdvibhAgAd dravyArambhakasaMyoganivRttiH / tataH kAraNAbhAvAtkAryAbhAva iti nyAyAdavayavanivRttiH / = sthAnajanya jisa prakAra dhUma kA vyabhicAra dhUmadhvaja ( agni ) ke sAtha kahIM prApta nahIM hotA ( agni ke binA ghUma nahIM milatA ), ThIka usI prakAra karma ( = ghaTadhvaMsa - karma ) jise hama sthAna ( Space ) ke vicAra se honevAle vibhAga kA kartA nahIM mAnate ( vibhAga kA anAraMbhaka karma ) ), dravya kA Arambha karanevAle saMyoga ke virodhI vibhAga ke utpAdaka ke rUpa meM hI sadA rahatA hai, vyabhicarita nahIM hotA / [ Upara kahI gaI bAtoM ko hI isameM phailAyA jA rahA hai / sthAnagata vibhAga ko jo karma utpanna nahIM karatA, vahI karma dravyAraMbhaka saMyoga kA virodha karanevAle vibhAga ko utpanna karatA hai-- donoM karmoM meM kAryakAraNa sambandha hai / cUMki saMyoga aura vibhAga meM sIdhA virodha hai isIlie sthAna-sthAna para 'saMyoga-pratidvandvivibhAga kI taraha kI uktiyA~ dI jAtI haiM / ] isalie avayavoM kA [ ghaTadhvaMsa rUpI ] karma apanA vibhAga dUsare avayavoM se hI utpanna karatA hai, AkAza Adi dezoM ( Space ) se nahIM / isa vibhAga ke bAda dravya ( ghaTa ) kA Arambha karanevAle saMyoga kI nivRtti hotI hai / usake bAda, 'kAraNa kA abhAva hone para kArya kA abhAva hotA hai' isa niyama se dravyAraMbhaka saMyoga-rUpI kAraNa ke naSTa ho jAne se usake kArya arthAt ] avayavI ( ghaTa ) kI bhI nivRtti ho jAtI hai / nivatte'vayavini tatkAraNayoravayavayoH vartamAno vibhAgaH kAryavinAzaviziSTaM kAlaM svatantraM vAyavayamapekSya na sakriyasyaivAvayavasya kAryasaMyuktAdAkAzadezadezAdvibhAgamArabhate na niSkriyasya / kAraNAbhAvAt / isa prakAra jaba avayavI ( ghaTa ) kA vinAza ho jAtA hai taba usa ( vinAza ) ke kAraNasvarUpa jo donoM avayava ( Tukar3e ) haiM unake bIca vidyamAna vibhAga yA to kArya ke vinAza se sambaddha kAla ( Time ) kI apekSA rakhatA hai yA kisI svatantra avayava kI apekSA karake hI kevala sakriya avayava kA hI vibhAga kArya-sambaddha AkAza-deza se AraMbha karatA hai, niSkriya avayava kA hI vibhAga vaha isalie Arambha nahIM karatA ki usakA koI kAraNa hI nahIM dikhalAI par3atA / [ abhiprAya yaha hai ki do avayavoM kA vibhAga hone se ghaTa kI nivRtti hotI hai / una donoM avayavoM meM eka ko sakriya mAnate haiM, dUsare ko niSkriya | hama Upara dekha cuke haiM ki avayavoM kA pArasparika vibhAga hone ke bAda unakA vibhAga AkAza-deza ( sthAna Space ) se bhI hotA hai / isalie aba prathama vibhAga AkAzadezavibhAga ko utpanna karatA hai / kintu yahA~ bhI niSkriya avayava se AkAza-vibhAga

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374 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki zakti ke abhAva meM vaha kAraNa nahIM bana sktaa| sakriya avayava se hI AkAza-vibhAga mAnA jA sakatA hai| 'svatantra avayava' kA yahA~ artha hai apane vinAza ke pazcAt AnevAle kAla kA koI vizeSa avayava / ] vizeSa-vibhAgaja vibhAga ko svIkAra karane para dvayaNukotpatti kI dazakSaNA yA ekAdazakSaNa prakriyA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vaha isa prakAra hai| jaba hama vibhAgaja vibhAga ko svIkAra karate haiM to sAtha-hI-sAtha yaha bhI mAnanA par3egA ki eka vibhAga binA kisI kI apekSA rakhe hue dUsare vibhAga ko utpanna nahIM kara sktaa| yadi nirapekSa hokara vibhAga dUsare vibhAga kA utpAdana karatA hai taba usa pahale vibhAga ko vibhAga samajhanA bhUla hai / vastutaH vaha karma hai; kyoMki kaNAda ne vaizeSika sUtra ( 111117 ) meM kahA hai-saMyogavibhAgayoranapekSaM kAraNaM karma / isakA artha hai ki saMyoga aura vibhAga ko utpanna karanevAlA padArtha jo apane bAda kisI kI apekSA nahIM rakhe vaha karma hai / vibhAga ( AkAzavibhAga ) yadi kisI nirakSepa vibhAga ( avayavavibhAga ) se utpanna hone lage to vaha utpAdana vibhAga karma ke lakSaNa meM ativyAptidoSa hotA hai / dUsarI ora yadi karma ke lakSaNa meM kucha parivartana kareM ki uttarasaMyogotpatti ke samaya pUrvasaMyoga ke nAza kI apekSA hai to avyApti-doSa hogA / antataH yaha mAnanA par3A ki vibhAgaja vibhAga meM vibhAgArambha ke lie sApekSa vibhAga hI kAraNa ho sakatA hai| aba prazna hai ki apekSA ho to kisakI? yadi dravyArambha karanevAle saMyoga kI nivRtti karanevAle kAla kI apekSA karake vibhAgaja vibhAga mAnate haiM to dazakSaNA ( Ten-moment process ) prakriyA hogI / yadi dravyanAza kAranevAle kAla kI apekSA kareMge to ekAdazakSaNA prakriyA hogI / donoM kI tulanA nimna citra dvArA kI jA sakatI haidazakSaNA ekAdazakSaNA agnisaMyoga se dvaghaNuka kA Arambha | agnisaMyoga se paramANu meM kriyA, usake karanevAle paramANu meM kiyA, usake bAda | bAda vibhAga, taba dravyArambhaka saMyoga kA vibhAga, taba Arambhaka ke saMyoga kA | nAza / tabanAza / taba (1) dvayaNukanAza (1) dvayaNukanAza aura vibhAgaja | (2) dvayaNukanAza se sambaddha kAla vibhAga kI apekSA rakhate hue vibhAgaja vibhAga tathA (2) zyAmanAza aura pUrvasaMyoga kA | zyAma kA nAza nAza (3) pUrvasaMyoga kA nAza aura ( 3 ) raksolati aura uttarasaMyoga | raktotpatti ( 4 ) agninodana se utpanna huI para- (4) uttarasaMyoga mANugata kriyA kA nAza (5) agninodana se utpanna paramA

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aulUkya-darzanam 375 ( 5 ) adRSTayukta AtmA ke saMyoga | Nugata kriyA kA nAza se dravya ke Arambha ke anukUla kriyA (6) adRSTayukta AtmA ke saMyoga se (6) vibhAga dravyArambha ke anukUla kriyA (7) pUrvasaMyoga kA nAza (7) vibhAga (8) Arambhaka-saMyoga (8) pUrvasaMyoga kA nAza (9) dvayaNuka kI utpatti / (9) dravyArambhaka-saMyoga (10) anta meM raktAdi kI (10) dvayaNuka kI utpatti utpatti / | (11 ) anta meM raktAdi kI utpatti / ( 11 ka. vibhAgaja vibhAga kA dUsarA bheda ) dvitIyastu haste karmotpannam avayavAntarAdvibhAgaM kurvat AkAzAdide. zenyo vibhaagaanaarbhte| te kAraNAkAraNavibhAgAH karma yAM dizaM prati kAryArammAbhimukhaM tAmapekSya kaaryaakaaryvibhaagmaarbhnte| yathA hstaakaashvibhaagaacchriiraakaashvibhaagH|| ___vibhAgaja vibhAga kA dUsarA bheda ( kAraNAkAraNa vibhAga se utpanna vibhAga ) vaha hai jisameM hAtha meM utpanna honevAlI kriyA dUsare avayavoM se vibhAga karatI huI AkAzAdi dezoM se vibhAga Arambha karatI hai| [ hAtha kA sambandha ghaTa, paTa, taru Adi se hotA hai, ina padArthoM se vibhAga utpanna hotA hai| hAtha zarIra kA avayava hone ke kAraNa zarIra kA kAraNa hai, kintu AkAza Adi zarIra ke kAraNa nahIM haiN| hAtha se vibhAga honA kAraNa-vibhAga hai, AkAza se vibhAga honA akAraNa-vibhAga hai, donoM kA kAraNa aura akAraNa kA-pArasparika vibhAga hI zarIra kA AkAzAdi se vibhAga utpanna karatA hai| jisa dizA meM kriyA kAryArambha ke lie abhimukha dikhalAI par3atI hai usI dizA kI apekSA rakhate hue kAraNa aura akAraNa ke ye vibhAga kArya aura akArya ke vibhAga utpanna karate haiN| udAharaNa ke lie hAtha aura AkAza kA vibhAga utpanna hone para zarIra aura AkAza kA vibhAga utpanna hotA hai| vizeSa hAtha kAraNa aura zarIra kArya hai| usI prakAra AkAza akAraNa tathA akArya hai| isalie kAraNa+akAraNa kA vibhAga>kArya+akArya kA vibhAga, jaise, hasta+AkAza kA vibhAga>zarIra + AkAza kA vibhaag| ye vibhAga karma ke anurUpa hI hote haiM / uttara meM calA huA hAtha dakSiNa AkAzadeza se vibhAga utpanna karatA hai| vaise hI pUrva meM calA huA hAtha pazcima-AkAza me vibhAga utpanna karatA hai|

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376 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe na cAsau zarIrakriyAkAryaH / tadA tasya niSkriyatvAt / nApi hastakriyAkAryaH vyadhikaraNasya karmaNo vibhAgakartRtvAnupapatteH / ataH pArizeSyAt kAraNAkAraNa vibhAgastasya kAraNamaGgIkaraNIyam / zarIra aura AkAza kA vibhAga zarIragata kriyA kA kArya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki usa samaya zarIra niSkriya hI rahatA hai / [ tAtparya yaha hai ki zarIra aura AkAza kA vibhAga hastAkAza vibhAga se hI utpanna hotA hai | zarIrasthita kriyA se isakI utpatti nahIM mAnI jA sakatI / hastAkAzavibhAga hone para hAtha hI sakriya rahatA hai zarIra to niSkriya hI rahatA hai, kyoMki avayavI ( zarIra ) tabhI sakriya hotA hai jaba sabhI avayava sakriya hote haiM / dekhiye pahale kI TippaNI / ] zarIrAkAza-vibhAga ko hasta-karma kA bhI kArya nahIM kaha sakate / [ jisa prakAra hastAkAza - vibhAga hasta kI kriyA ke kAraNa hotA hai vaise hI hastakriyA se hI zarIrAkAza-vibhAga kyoM nahIM ho jAtA ? yahI zaMkA hai / ] dUsare AdhAra meM rahanevAlA ( vyadhikaraNa ) karma kisI dUsare sthAna meM vibhAga utpanna nahIM kara sakatA / [ abhiprAya yaha hai ki kriyA apane Azraya meM hI apanA kArya karatI hai dUsare ke Azraya meM nahIM / nahIM to atiprasaMga nAmaka doSa hogA / yahA~ para kriyA hAtha meM rahe aura usakA kArya - vibhAga - zarIra meM rahe, aisA kahanA kaThina hai / kArya aura kAraNa kA samAnAdhikaraNa rahanA paramAvazyaka hai / ] isa prakAra kevala hI vikalpa baca rahane se kAraNAkAraNa vibhAga ko hI hama usa ( zarIrAkAza-vibhAga ) kA kAraNa mAna sakate haiM / ( 12. andhakAra kA vivecana ) 1 davAdi- 'andhakArAdau bhAvatvaM niSidhyate' iti tadasaMgatam / tatra caturdhA vivAdasambhavAt / tathAhi - dravyaM tama iti bhATTA vedAntinazca bhaNanti / AropitaM nIlarUpamiti zrIdharAcAryAH / AlokajJAnAbhAvaH iti prAbhAkarekadezinaH / AlokAbhAga iti naiyAyikAdaya iti cet / Upara jo Apane kahA ki andhakAra Adi ko bhAva nahIM mAnate ( dekhiye - isI darzana ke anu0 4 kA antima bhAga ) - yaha bilkula asaMgata hai, kyoMki andhakAra ke prazna 1. andhakAra ke viSaya meM vaizeSika-mata kI zreSThatA zrIharSa ne bhI neSadhacarita meM zabda - cchala se svIkAra kI hai / nArAyaNI TIkA meM isakA vyAkhyAna dekheN| zloka hai dhvAntasya vAmoru vicAraNAyAM vaizeSikaM cAru mataM mataM me / aulUkamAhuH khalu darzanaM tatkSamaM tamastattvanirUpaNAya || ( 22 / 36 ) cUMki ulUka hI andhakAra kA vizleSaNa karane meM samartha hotA hai isalie darzana kA hI nAma 'lUka' ho gayA /

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aulUkya darzanam 377 para cAra prakAra ke vivAda sambhava haiM / udAharaNata: ( 1 ) bhATTa mImAMsakoM aura vedAntiyoM kA yaha kathana hai ki andhakAra eka dravya hai [ svAbhAvika nIlarUpa se viziSTa dravya hI anmakAra hai jaise kajjala, kAlikha Adi haiM / ] dUsarI ora ( 2 ) zrIdharAcArya kahate haiM ki andhakAra vaha hai jisa para nIla rUpa kA AropaNa huA ho / [ vAstava meM andhakAra dravya hI hai kintu nIlA rUpa vAstavika nahIM hai, Aropita kiyA jAtA hai / jaise jala para zveta rUpa yA AkAza para nIla rUpa kA AropaNa hotA hai / ] ( 3 ) tIsarA pakSa prabhAkaramImAMsakoM ke dala ke kucha logoM kA hai jo kahate haiM ki prakAza ke jJAna ke abhAva ko andhakAra kahate haiM / ( 4 ) anta meM naiyAyikoM kA siddhAnta hai ki prakAza kA abhAva hI andhakAra hai / [ ise kucha dUsare loga bhI mAnate haiM / ] uparyukta zaMkA hone para isakA uttara nimnalikhita rUpa se deMge / tatra dravyatvapakSo na ghaTate / vikalpAnupapatteH / dravyaM bhavadandhakArAkhyaM pRthivyAdyanyatamamanyadvA / nAdyaH / yatrAntarbhAvo'sya tasya yAvanto guNAstAvadguNakatvaprasaGgAt / na dvitIyaH / nirguNasya tasya dravyatvAsambhavena dravyAntaratvasya sutarAmasambhavAta / ( 1 ) inameM andhakAra ko dravya mAnanevAlA pakSa sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki nimnalikhita donoM hI vikalpa asiddha ho jAte haiN| prazna hai ki yaha andhakAra nAmaka dravya pRthvI Adi nau dravyoM meM hI kisI ke antargata hai yA inake atirikta dazama dravya hai ? pahalA pakSa nahIM liyA jA sakatA, kyoMki jisa dravya meM andhakAra kA antarbhAva ( Inclusion ) kareMge usa dravya ke sabhI guNa andhakAra ke bhI apane guNa hoMge, aisI sthiti ho jaaygii| dUsarA pakSa, ki andhakAra dazama dravya hai, yaha bhI svIkArya nahIM hai, kyoMki andhakAra nirguNa hone ke kAraNa pahale to dravya hI nahIM ho sakatA ( dravya saguNa hotA hai ), dravyAntara honA to dUra kI bAta hai / vizeSa -- andhakAra ko yadi pRthivI meM lete haiM to pRthivI kI taraha hI usameM bhI caudaha guNa mAnane par3eMge / phira to andhakAra meM bhI zukla, pIta Adi nAnA prakAra ke rUpa aura rasa, gandha Adi guNa hone lageM / lekina bAta aisI nahIM hai| isI prakAra jala meM andhakAra kA grahaNa karane se zItasparza, rasa, dravyatva Adi guNoM kI upalabdhi hone lagegI / tejasa meM antarbhAva karane para uSNasparza Adi kI upalabdhi hogI / pRthivI Adi nau dravyoM meM rahanevAle guNoM kA nidarzana bhASA-pariccheda ( 30-34 ) meM kiyA gayA hai 1. vAyu - sparza, saMkhyA, parimANa, pRthaktva, saMyoga, vibhAga, paratva, aparatva tathA vega nAmaka saMskAra ( 9 guNa ) | 2. tejas - sparzAdi ATha, rUpa, vega tathA dravatva ( 11 guNa ) / 3. jala - sparzAdi ATha, vega, gurutva, rUpa, rasa tathA sneha ( 14 guNa ) /

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe 4. pRthivI - sparzAdi ATha, vega, gurutva, dravatva, rUpa, rasa tathA gandha ( 14 guNa ) / 5. jIvAtmA - buddhi, sukha, duHkha, icchA, dveSa, prayatna, saMkhyA, parimANa, pRthaktva, saMyoga, vibhAga, bhAvanA nAmaka saMskAra, dharma tathA adharma ( 14 guNa ) 378 5 ka. Izvara - saMkhyAdi pAMca, buddhi, icchA, prayatna ( 8 guNa) / 6. AkAza - saMkhyAdi pA~ca, zabda ( 6 guNa ) 1 7-8 kAla aura dizA - saMkhyAdi pA~ca ( 5 guNa ) / 9 manas - paratva, aparatva, saMkhyAdi pAMca tathA vega ( 8 guNa ) / dUsare vikalpa meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki guNa dravyoM meM rahatA hai jaba ki andhakAra meM koI guNa nahIM / phira andhakAra ko kisa AdhAra para dravya mAneMge ? jaba dravya hI nahIM to dazama dravya hone kI bAta kahA~ se AyegI ? daravAje ke bhItara hI AnA kaThina hai, sabhApati hone kA svapna kahA~ se dekha rahe haiM ? nanu tamAlazyAmalatvenopalabhyamAnaM tamaH kathaM nirguNaM syAditi cettadasAram / gandhAdivyAptasya nIlarUpasya tannivRttau nivRtteH / atha nIlaM tama iti gateH kA gatiriti cet-nIlaM nabha itivad bhrAntirevetyalaM vRddhavIvadhayA / ata eva nAropitarUpaM tamaH / adhiSThAnapratyayamantareNA''ropAyogAt / bAhyAloka sahakArirahitasya cakSuSo rUpA rope sAmarthyAnupalambhAcca / aba Apa yaha pUcha sakate haiM ki tamAlavRkSa ke samAna zyAmala-rUpa meM pAye jAnevAle andhakAra ko Apa nirguNa kaise kahate haiM ? yaha prazna nissAra hai, kyoMki gandha, rasa Adi guNoM se vyApta jo nIlarUpa hai vaha vyApaka ( gandhAdi guNoM) ke naSTa hote hI svayaM bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai / [ jahA~-jahA~ nIlarUpa hai vahA~ vahA~ gandha, rasa Adi guNa haiM jaise priyaMgu kI kalikA Adi 1 yaha vyApti huI / yahA~ nIlarUpa vyApya hai, gandhAdi vyApaka / vyApaka kA yadi abhAva ho to usa sthAna para yA usa dravya meM vyApya kA bhI to abhAva hogA / andhakAra meM vyApaka ( gandha, rasa, sparza Adi guNa ) milate hI nahIM, isalie vyApya arthAt nIlarUpa bhI andhakAra meM nahIM hI hai - yaha siddha huA / ] aba yaha pUchA jA sakatA hai ki [ yadi 'nIlarUpaM tamaH' nahIM kahakara nIlaM tamaH ' arthAt ] andhakAra nIlA hotA hai, aisA kaheM to kyA hAni hai ? yaha vAkya ThIka usa vAkya kI taraha bhrAntipUrNa hai jaba hama kahate haiM ki AkAza nIlA hai / ( vastutaH AkAza zUnya hai kintu bhrama se nIlA pratIta hotA hai ] vRddhoM ( bhATTamImAMsakoM aura vedAntiyoM) ke doSoM kI adhika AlocanA ( vIvadhA = doSAlocana ) karanA vyartha hai / ( 2 ) isIlie [ zrIdharAcArya kI yaha mAnyatA ki ] 'andhakAra vaha hai jisa para rUpa kA AropaNa ( Imposition ) huA hai' bhI ThIka nahIM / [ isIlie = cU~ki andhakAra

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auna-darzanam 379 dravya hI nahIM hai isIlie / ] kAraNa yaha hai ki adhiSThAna ( AdhAra Substratum ) kA jJAna hue binA kisI kA AropaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / [ rassI dekhane ke bAda hI usa para sA~pa kA AropaNa hotA hai, zaMkha dekhane ke bAda hI pitta doSa ke kAraNa usa para pItatva Adi guNoM ko Aropita karate haiM / andhakAra para nIlarUpa kA AropaNa tabhI sambhava hai jaba koI AdhAra ho / ] dUsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki bAharI prakAza kI sahAyatA jaba A~kha ko nahIM milatI hai taba vaha rUpa ke Aropa meM samartha nahIM ho sakatI / [ andhakAra meM koI prakAza to hai nahIM ki A~kha use dekhakara usa para nIla yA kisI rUpa kA Aropa kara sake / bAhya prakAza kI sahAyatA lene para hI A~kha kisI padArtha ko pIlA, nIlA yA harA samajhatI hai, prakAzAbhAva meM kisI bhI rUpa kA Aropa karanA usake lie nitAnta asambhava hai / ] na cAyamacAkSuSaH pratyayaH / yadanuvidhAnasyAnanyathAsiddhatvAt / ata eva nAlokajJAnAbhAvaH / abhAvasya pratiyogigrAhakendriyagrAhyatvaniyamena mAnasatvaprasaGgAt / andhakAra ke jJAna ko acAkSuSa ( netrendriya se asaMbaddha, mAnasa ) jJAna bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA / kAraNa yaha hai ki cakSurindriya ke dvArA tama kA jJAna hotA hai, yaha vidhAna nirarthaka ( anyathAsiddha ) ho jAyagA / [ bhAva yaha hai ki andhakAra kA jJAna cakSurindriya kI apekSA rakhatA hai / yaha apekSA taba asiddha ho jAyagI jaba hama andhakAra - jJAna ko achAkSuSa mAna leMge / ] ( 3 ) isIlie ( andhakAra cUMki cAkSuSajJAna se jJeya hai isalie ) Aloka ke jJAna ke abhAva ko andhakAra nahIM kaha skte| yaha niyama hai ki abhAva usI indriya ke dvArA grAhya ho sakatA hai jo indriya usake pratiyogI ( virodhI ) kA grahaNa kara sake / isalie abhAva mAnasa-jJAna hai [ kyoMki abhAva kA pratiyogI yahA~ Aloka-jJAna hai jise mana ke dvArA grahaNa karate haiM / jisa vastu kA abhAva hotA hai vaha vastu usa abhAva kA pratiyogI samajhI jAtI hai / abhAva ko dharmI kaheMge / AlokajJAnAbhAva dharmI hai, Aloka-jJAna pratiyogI / jo indriya pratiyogI kA grahaNa kara sakatI haiM vahI dharmI kA bhI grahaNa kara sakatI hai / AlokajJAna cAkSuSa nahIM hai, mana ke dvArA hI grAhya hotA hai isalie AlokajJAnAbhAva bhI mAnasa hogA / yadi mAnasa hai to andhakAra kA lakSaNa AlokajJAnAbhAva kaise hogA ? andhakAra to cAkSuSa padArtha hai na ? ] isa prakAra andhakAra ke viSaya meM prabhAkara kA siddhAnta bhI samApta huA / ] ( 13. andhakAra ke viSaya meM vaizeSika-mata ) tasmAdAlokAbhAva eva tamaH / na ca vidhipratyayavedyatvenAbhAvatvAyoga iti sAMpratam / pralayavinAzAvasAnAdiSu vyabhicArAt / na cAbhAve bhAva

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe dharmAdhyAropo durupapAdaH / duHkhAbhAve sukhatvAropasya saMyogAbhAve vibhAgatvAbhimAnasya ca dRSTatvAt / 350 isalie prakAza kA hI abhAva andhakAra hai / yahA~ aisA saMdeha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki andhakAra vidhAnAtmaka ( Affirmative ) zabda ke dvArA jJeya hai aura isIlie usameM abhAva- zabda kA prayoga karanA ThIka nahIM hai / [ bhAvAtmaka zabdoM ke dvArA hI andhakAra kA bodha karAnA ThIka hai / ] pralaya ( sRSTi kA abhAva ), vinAza ( sattA kA abhAva ), avasAna (samApti) Adi zabda yadyapi abhAva ke dyotaka haiM kintu inakA prayoga vidhAnArthaka rUpa se ( jaise - pralayaH asti ) bhI hotA hai ---- saMdeha karane se ina zabdoM meM vyabhicAra ( asiddhi ) hogA / [ isa prakAra yaha anumAna galata ho gayA ki jina zabdoM meM nakAra kA ullekha nahIM bhAva-rUpa jJAna ke viSaya hI haiM / vastutaH naJ na rahane para bhI abhAvArtha ho sakatA hai isalie andhakAra svarUpataH bhAvAtmaka hone para bhI arthataH abhAvAtmaka hai / ] aisA udAharaNa milanA kaThina nahIM hai ki abhAvAtmaka padArtha ( jaise andhakAra ) para bhAvAtmaka padArtha ( jaise- nIlapuSpa Adi ) ke dharmoM (jaise- nIlatva ) kA AropaNa ho / duHkha kA abhAva hone para sukhatva kA Aropa dekhate haiM tathA saMyoga kA abhAva hone para vibhAga kA bodha hotA hai / [ usI prakAra prakAzAbhAva hone para andhakAra kA bodha hotA hai / ] na cAlokAbhAvasya ghaTAdyabhAvavad rUpavadabhAvatvenAlokasApekSacakSurjanyajJAnaviSayatvaM syAdityeSitavyam / yadgrahe yadapekSaM cakSuH, tadabhAvagrahe'pi tadapekSata iti nyAyenAlokagrahaM AlokApekSAyA abhAvena tadabhAvagrahe'pi tadapekSAyA abhAvAt / , aisA bhI kahanA nahIM cAhie ki jaise [ rUpa se yukta ] ghaTAdi padArthoM kA abhAva, Aloka kI sahAyatA se, AMkhoM ke jJAna kA viSaya hotA hai ( = prakAza kI sahAyatA pAkara A~kheM dekha sakatI haiM ) usI prakAra Aloka kA abhAva bhI rUpayukta padArtha kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa, prakAzayukta A~khoM ke jJAna kA viSaya hogA / jisa padArtha kA grahaNa karane meM jisakI apekSA A~khoM ko hotI hai, usa padArtha ke abhAva kA grahaNa karane ke samaya bhI A~kheM usI kI apekSA karatI haiM - isa niyama se oloka kA grahaNa karane meM yadi A~khoM ko kisI dUsare prakAza kI apekSA nahIM rahatI hai to Aloka ke abhAva kA grahaNa karane ke samaya bhI prakAza kI apekSA nahIM rahegI / na cAdhikaraNagrahaNAvazyaMbhAvaH / abhAvapratItAvadhikaraNagrahaNAvazyaMbhAvAnaGgIkArAt / aparathA, 'nivRttaH kolAhalaH' iti zabdapradhvaMsaH pratyakSo na syAt - iti aprAmANikaM paravacanam / tatsarvamabhisaMdhAya bhagavAnkaNAdaH

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olUna-darzanam dravyaguNakarmaniSpattivaidharmyAdabhAvastamaH' praNinAya sUtraM - ' 5 / 2 / 19 ) iti / 381 ( va0 sU0 grahaNa karane ke lie kyoMki abhAva kI aisA nahIM socanA cAhie ki andhakAra ( prakAzAbhAva ) kA adhikaraNa (sthAna, AdhAra ) kA bhI jJAna prApta karanA Avazyaka hai, pratIti ( jJAna ) ke lie adhikaraNa kA grahaNa karanA Avazyaka nahIM mAnA jAtA / yadi aisA nahIM hotA to kolAhala samApta ho gayA' isa vAkya meM jo zabda ( AvAja ) kA pradhvaMsa samajhA jAtA hai vaha pratyakSa kA nahIM hotA [ kyoMki zabda kA Azraya AkAza hai, vaha AkAza pratyakSa viSaya hai hI nahIM isa taraha zabda aura zabdAbhAva donoM hI AdhAra ke apratyakSa hone ke kAraNa pratyakSIkRta nahIM hote / kintu yaha bAta lokasiddha hai ki donoM kA pratyakSIkaraNa hotA hai / ataH andhakAra Aloka kA hI abhAva hai, yaha siddha ho gayA / ] isa prakAra dUsare matavAdiyoM (jaise- bhATTa, vedAntI Adi ) ke siddhAnta aprAmANika haiM / ataH ina sArI samasyAoM para vicAra karate hue bhagavAn kaNAda ne sUtra likhA hai'andhakAra eka abhAva hai, jo dravya, guNa aura karma kI niSpatti ( utpatti ) se vilakSaNa hotA hai ' ( vaizeSika sUtra 5 / 2 / 19 ) - vizeSa - andhakAra kI utpatti aura vinAza donoM hote haiM / isalie sAmAnya, vizeSa aura samavAya meM to isakA antarbhAva ho hI nahIM sakatA, kyoMki ye padArtha nitya haiM / dravya, guNa aura karma kI utpatti hotI hai parantu inameM bhI andhakAra khapAyA nahIM jA sakatA, kyoMki andhakAra kI utpatti inakI utpatti se bilkula hI bhinna hai / utpanna hone vAlA dravya avayavoM se Arambha hotA hai / andhakAra kI anubhUti akasmAta hI ho jAtI hai jaba ki prakAza kA apasaraNa hotA hai / guNa aura karma kI utpatti dravya ko AdhAra lekara hI hotI hai, andhakAra ke sAtha aisI bAta nahIM hai / isa prakAra niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki andhakAra abhAva hai / parantu kisakA abhAva ? to uttara hogA ki Aloka kA abhAva hI andhakAra hai / aba prasaMgataH abhAva ko saptama padArtha mAnakara isakA vivecana karanA apekSita hai / ( 14. abhAva kA vivecana ) abhAvastu niSedhamukhapramANagamyaH saptamo nirUpyate / sa cAsamavAyatve satyasamavAyaH / saMkSepato dvividhaH - saMsargAbhAvAnyonyAbhAvabhedAt / saMsargAbhAvo'pi trividha:- prAkpradhvaMsAtyantAbhAvamevAt / tatrAnityo'nAvitamaH prAgabhAvaH / utpattimAnavinAzI pradhvaMsaH / pratiyogyAzrayo'bhAvo'tyantAbhAvaH / atyanyAbhAvavyatiriktatve sati anavadhirabhAvo'nyonyAbhAvaH /

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382 sarvadarzanakhabaheabhAva niSedhAtmaka pramANoM se jAnA jAtA hai tathA yaha saptama padArtha mAnA gayA hai| abhAva usa padArtha ko kahate haiM jo samavAya-sambandha se rahita hokara samavAya se bhinna ho / [smaraNIya hai ki dravya guNa, karma, sAmAnya aura vizeSa meM samavAya-sambandha rahatA hai / prathama vizeSaNa ( asamavAyatve sati ) ke dvArA ina sabhI padArthoM se abhAva ke pArthakya yA vyAvartana. kA pradarzana huA hai| dravyoM kA samavAya-sambandha apane para Azrita guNAdi ke sAtha hotA hai / guNa aura karma apane Azraya dravya ke sAtha yA apane para Azrita sAmAnya ke sAtha samavAya-sambandha rakhate haiM / sAmAnya kA bhI apane AzrayasvarUpa dravya, guNa aura karma ke sAtha samavAya-sambandha rahatA hai / vizeSa bhI kisI se pIche nahIM / ve AzrayasvarUpa nitya dravyoM ke sAtha hI samavAya-sambandha rakhate haiM / aura to aura, anitya dravya taka apane-apane avayavoM se samaveta rahate hI haiM / samavAya kA to samavAya isalie nahIM hotA hai ki anavasthA-doSa hogA / 'asamavAyatve sati' kahane se aura padArthoM kI vyAkRti to ho gaI kintu samavAya kI vyAvRtti kese ho? isalie sApha kahate haiM ki abhAva samavAya nahIM hai ( asamavAyaH ) / yadi aisA nahIM kaheM, to samavAya-padArtha meM ativyApti hogI arthAt abhAva kA lakSaNa samavAya ko bhI vyApta kara legaa|] saMkSepa meM abhAva do prakAra kA hotA hai-saMsargAbhAva aura anyonyAbhAva / [ saMsarga kA artha hai sambandha / saMsarga ko pratiyogI ( virodhI ) mAnakara jo niSedha kiyA jAtA hai use saMsargAbhAva kahate haiM-eka vastu meM dUsarI vastu ke sambandha kA niSedha saMsargAbhAva hai| prAgabhAva kA jo udAharaNa dete haiM ki ghaTotpatti ke pahale yahA~ ghaTa nahIM thA, to yahA~ miTTI ke piMDa meM ghaTa ke sambandha kA hI niSedha hotA hai| isI prakAra pradhvaMsAbhAva ke udAharaNa meM kahate haiM ki ghaTanAza ke bAda yahAM ghaTa nahIM hai / yahA~ miTTI ke Tukar3oM meM ghaTa ke sambandha kA niSedha kiyA jAtA hai| atyantAbhAva ke udAharaNa meM kahate haiM ki bhUtala meM ghaTa nahIM hai-isameM bhUtala meM hI ghaTa ke sambandha kA niSedha hotA hai| prAgabhAva aura pradhvaMsAbhAva kramazaH vinAzazIla aura utpattizIla hone ke kAraNa anitya haiN| atyantAbhAva aura anyonyAbhAva nitya haiM-utpatti-vinAza se rahita haiN| saMsargAbhAva jahA~ eka vastu meM dUsarI vastu ke sambandha kA niSedha karatA hai, vahA~ anyonyAbhAva eka vastu ko dUsarI vastu mAnane kA niSedha karatA hai| pahale kA udAharaNa hai-ka meM kha nahIM hai| dUsare kA udAharaNa hai-ka kha nahIM hai|] saMsargAbhAva tIna taraha kA hai-prAgabhAva, pradhvaMsAbhAva tathA atyantAbhAva / unameM prAgabhAva anitya tathA sabase adhika anAdi hotA hai| [anAditama kA artha hai vaisA anAdi jisakA Adi ho hI nhiiN| yoM to kisI purAne mandira ko dekhakara yaha kaha dete haiM ki yaha anAdi kAla kA hai| yahAM para yadyapi mandira anAdi nahIM hai, kabhI-na-kabhI usakA Arambha hunA hI hogA, para mAna na hone ke kAraNa use anAdi kahA karate haiN| prAgabhAva besA

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aulUkya-darzanam 383 anAdi nahIM hai / ghaTotpatti ke pUrva ghaTa kA abhAva kaba se hai, brahmA bhI nahIM batalA sakate, auroM kI to bAta hI kyA hai ? isa prakAra prAgabhAva kI utpatti kA kAla kisI ke lie bhI ajJeya hai / ] pradhvaMsAbhAva vaha hai jisakI utpatti hotI hai, kintu jisakA vinAza nahIM hogA / [ dUsare zabdoM meM jisakA Arambha ho kintu anta nahIM ho vahI pradhvaMsAbhAva hai / ghaTa ke phUTa jAne para abhAva kA Arambha to huA kintu isakA anta nahIM ho sakatA brahmA bhI ghaTAbhAva kI iyattA nahIM batalA sakate / ] atyantAbhAva vaha abhAva hai jo apane pratiyogI meM Azraya grahaNa kare / [ prAgabhAva aura pravvaMsAbhAva kA Azraya kabhI pratiyogI ( virodhI ) nahIM hotA, kyoMki pratiyogI ( ghaTa ) ke sAtha inakA sambandha-bheda nahIM hotA - hama nahIM kaha sakate ki ghaTa meM ghaTa kA abhAva hai ( yaha udAharaNa atyantAbhAva kA hogA jo anAdi aura ananta hotA hai ) / ghaTotpatti ke pUrva jisa samaya prAgabhAva rahatA hai usa samaya ghaTAbhAva kA pratiyogI ( ghaTa ) nahIM rahatA / usI taraha ghaTanAza ke pazcAt ( pradhvaMsAbhAva ke samaya meM ) ghaTAbhAva kA pratiyogI (ghaTa) nahIM rahatA hai / anyonyAyabhAva meM bhI yaha bAta hai | ghaTa ghaTAbhAva hai -- aisA hama nahIM kaha sakate / kevala atyantAbhAva meM hI Azraya pratiyogI hotA hai / bhUtala meM ghaTa kA abhAva hai - isa vAkya meM bhUtala Azraya hai, ghaTAbhAva dharmI jisakA pratiyogI ghaTa hotA hai / aba yaha ghaTAbhAva apane pratiyogI meM bhI raha sakatA hai--ghaTa meM ghaTAbhAva hai / koI padArtha apane meM raha nahIM sakatA hai--ghaTa meM ghaTa nahIM rahegA / atyantAbhAva aura anyonyAbhAva kA pRthakkaraNa hotA hai / atyantAbhAva pratiyogI ke samAnAdhikaraNa hone para kabhI bhI pratIta nahIM hotA - bhUtala meM ghaTa kI sattA hone para usameM ghaTAtyantAbhAva hotA hai phira bhI pratIta nahIM hotA / dUsarI ora anyonyAbhAva kI pratIti pratiyogI ( ghaTa ) ke samAnAdhikaraNa hone para bhI hotI hai / ghaTayukta bhUtala meM bhI ghaTabheda kI pratIti hotI hai / atyantAbhAva ke uparyukta lakSaNa meM 'abhAva' zabda nahIM rakheM; kevala 'pratiyogyAzrayaH' ho kaheM to prakAza ativyApti hogI / AkAza ke samAna sUryaprakAza vyApaka hai - isa vAkya meM sAdRzyasambandha kA anuyogI prakAza hai / pratiyogI AkAza hai / prakAza AkAza meM Azrita hai ataH yaha bhI pratiyogI meM Azrita hone ke kAraNa atyantAbhAva ke lakSaNa se hI lakSita ho jAyagA / 'abhAva' kahane se aisI samasyA nahIM uThegI, kyoMki prakAza abhAva nahIM hai / meM anyonyAbhAva vaha abhAva hai jo atyantAbhAva se pRthak hai tathA [ kAlagata ] avadhi se rahita hai / [ abhAva zabda kA prayoga karane se nitya paramANuoM tathA AkAzAdi bhAvoM meM ativyApti rokI jAtI hai / anavadhi kA artha hai nitya / ] nanu anyonyAbhAva evAtyantAbhAva iti cet-aho rAjamArga eva bhramaH / anyonyAbhAvo hi tAdAtmyapratiyogikaH pratiSedhaH / yathA ghaTaH

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384 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ghaTAtmA na bhavatIti / saMsargapratiyogikaH pratiSedho'tyantAbhAvaH / yathA vAyau rUpasambandho nAstIti / na cAsya puruSArthIaupayikatvaM nAstItyAzaGkanIyam / duHkhAtyantocchedAparaparyAyaniHzreyasarUpatvena paramapuruSArthatvAt // iti zrImatsAyANamAdhavIye sarvadarzanasaMgrahe aulUkyadarzanam // aba yadi koI yaha soce ki anyonyAbhAva hI atyantAbhAva hai to hama kaheMge ki Apa logoM ko rAjamArga (caur3I sar3aka ) para bhI rAstA bhUlanA par3a rahA hai / tAdAtmya ke virodhI pratiSedha ( Negation ) ko anyonyAbhAva kahate haiM, jaise-ghaTa paTa kI AtmA nahIM hai [ yahA~ ghaTa aura paTa ke tAdAtmya ( ekarUpatA Identity ) kA pratiSedha hotA hai-ghaTa paTa nahIM hai, ghaTAtmA paTAtmA nahIM hai / ] dUsarI ora, atyantAbhAva vaha pratiSedha hai jo saMsarga yA sambandha kA virodha karatA hai jaise - vAyu meM rUpa kA sambandha nahIM hai [ isakA ulaTA hogA'vAyu meM rUpa hai' yahA~ sambandha batalAyA jA rahA hai ] / ki chaha padArthoM ke / parantu abhAva ke aisI AzaMkA nahIM karanA cAhie ki yaha ( abhAva ) puruSArtha prApti kA sAdhana ( upAya ) nahIM ho sakatA / [ tAtparya yaha hai tattvajJAna se mokSa prApta hotA hai, yaha to siddha hai - kaNAda ne hI kahA hai jJAna se yaha kahA~ taka ho sakatA hai ? yahI zaMkAkAra kI zaMkA hai, para yaha ThIka nahIM / ] duHkha kA Atyantika vinAza honA, jise dUsare zabdoM meM niHzreyasa ( mokSa ) kahate haiM, vahI to parama puruSArtha ( Summum bonum ) hai| [ abhAva ko puruSArtha kA upayogI nahIM mAnate haiM. isameM koI kSati nahIM hai / yaha abhAva svayaM hI parama puruSArtha hai / duHkha kA Atyantika abhAva hI mokSa hai / isa prakAra mokSa abhAvAtmaka zabda hai / ] isa prakAra sAyaNamAdhavaM ke sarvadarzanasaMgraha meM aulUkya-darzana [ samApta huA ] / iti bAlakavinomAzaGkareNa racitAyAM sarvadarzanasaMgrahasya prakAzAkhyAyAM vyAkhyAyAmaulUkyadarzanamavasitam /

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11 akSapAda - darzanam niHzreyasAdhigatiratra tu SoDazAnAM jJAnAtpramANamiha vetti catuSTayaM yaH / Izo jagatsRjati yasya mate svatantro -- nyAyapravartaka mahAmunaye namo'smaM // - RSiH / ( 1. nyAyazAstra kI rUparekhA ) tattvajJAnAd duHkhAtyantocchedalakSaNaM niHzreyasaM bhavatIti samAnatantre'pi pratipAditam / tadAha sUtrakAraH - pramANaprameyetyAditattvajJAnAnniHzreyasAdhi( nyA0 sU0 11111 ) iti / idaM nyAyazAstrasyAdimaM sUtram / gamaH hamAre samAna hI siddhAntoMvAle nyAya - darzana ( samAna tantra ) meM kahA gayA hai ki tattva kA jJAna ho jAne para vaha niHzreyasa ( mokSa ) prApta hotA hai jisameM duHkhoM kA Atyantika ( Permanent ) uccheda ( vinAza ) ho jAtA hai ( nyA0 sU0 1 / 1 / 29 ) to sUtrakAra ( gautama muni ) ne hI kahA hai -- pramANa, prameya ityAdi padArthoM kA tattva jAna lene para niHzreyasa kI prApti hotI hai / yaha nyAyazAstra kA prathama-sUtra hai / vizeSa - vaizeSikazAstra se nyAyazAstra ke siddhAnta bahuta kucha milate-julate haiM isalie ve eka dUsare ko samAnatantra kahate haiM / tantra = siddhAnta / nyAyadarzana kA prathama grantha nyAyasUtra hai jisameM pA~ca adhyAya haiM isake praNetA gautama haiM / gautama apane mata ke dUSaka vyAsa ( vedAnta -sUtrakAra ) ke mukha ko apanI A~khoM se na dekhane kI pratijJA kara cuke the| bAda meM vyAsa ne hAtha-paira par3akara unheM prasanna kiyA to gautama RSi ne kevala itanI hI kRpA kI ki apane pairoM meM A~kheM lagAkara unheM dekhA / taba se gautama ko loga akSapAda kahane lage / eka dUsarI kiMvadantI bhI hai ki gautama apane nyAyazAstra kI dhuna meM tarka karate hue kahIM jA rahe the / antaraGga meM itane tallIna the ki bahiraGga ko sudha-budha kho baiThe-basa, na dekha sakane ke kAraNa eka kueM meM gira pdd'e| vidhAtA ne inheM nikAlA aura jisase rAstA dikhalAI par3a sake isalie pairoM meM bhI A~khe de diiN| ina donoM kiMvadantiyoM kA sAra yahI hai naiyAyikoM kA vedAntiyoM se virodha hai tathA ve apane zAstra meM itanA tallIna rahate haiM ki bAhya jagat kA koI patA nahIM hotA / nyAya - darzana nAma par3ane kA kAraNa vAtsyAyana apane bhAgya meM dete haiM--pramANairvastuparIkSaNaM nyAya: ( 11111 ) arthAt pramANoM kA saMgraha karake unase prameya vastu kI parIkSA karanA 25 sa0 [saM0

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386 sarvadarzanasaMgrahenyAya hai / nyAya meM ina pramANoM ke svarUpa tathA vastu kI parIkSA-praNAlI kA samyak varNana hotA hai / isake dUsare nAma haiM-AnvIkSikI ( anumAna-zAstra ), tarkavidyA, vAdazAstra, pramANazAstra, hetuvidyA (kyoMki anumAna meM mukhya sthAna hetu kA hI hotA hai ) Adi / nyAyazAstraM ca paJcAdhyAyAtmakam / tatra pratyadhyAyamAhnikadvayam / tatra prathamAdhyAyasya prathamAhnike bhagavatA gautamena pramANAdipadArthanavakalakSaNanirUpaNaM vidhAya dvitIye vAdAdi saptapadArthalakSaNanirUpaNaM kRtam / dvitIyasya / prathame saMzayaparIkSaNaM pramANacatuSTayAprAmANyazaGkAnirAkaraNaM ca / dvitIye'rthApattyAderantarbhAvanirUpaNam / ____ nyAyazAstra ( gautamIya nyAyasUtra ) pAMca adhyAyoM kA hai jinameM pratyeka adhyAya meM do Ahnika ( dina bhara kA pATha ) haiM / prathama adhyAya ke prathama Ahnika meM bhagavAn gautama ne pramANAdi nau padArthoM ke lakSaNoM para vicAra karake dvitIya Ahnika meM vAda Adi sAta padArthoM ke lakSaNoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / dvitIya adhyAya ke prathama Ahnika meM saMzaya kI parIkSA karake cAra pramANoM ko aprAmANika mAnanevAloM kI zaMkAoM kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| isI adhyAya ke dvitIya Ahnika meM [ anya dArzanikoM ke dvArA svIkRta anya pramANoM jaise ] arthApatti ( Implication ) Adi kA antarbhAva [ inhI cAra pramANoM meM ] kiyA gayA hai / vizeSa nyAyazAstra meM solaha padArthoM ( Categories ) ke jJAna se mokSaprApti batalAI gaI hai| ve padArtha gautamIya nyAyasUtra ke prathama sUtra meM hI vaNita haiM-pramANa ( Sources of valid knowledge ),prameya ( Object of valid knowledge ) saMzaya ( Doubt ), prayojana ( Purpose ), dRSTAnta ( Familiar instance ), siddhAnta ( Established tenet ), avayava ( Members ), tarka ( Confutation ), nirNaya ( Ascertainment ), vAda ( Discussion ), jalpa ( Wrangling ), vitaNDA ( Cavil ), hetvAbhAsa ( Fallacy ), chala ( Quibble ), jAti ( Futility ) aura nigrahasthAna ( Oceasion for rebuke ) / prathama adhyAya meM sabhI padArthoM ke lakSaNa diye gaye haiM / prathama no padArtha pahale Ahnika meM Aye haiM, bAda se vAdAdi sAta padArthoM ke lakSaNa dUsare Ahnika meM haiM dUsare adhyAya meM pramANoM kI parIkSA karake bAda meM tIsare adhyAya se prameyAdi padArthoM kI parIkSA kI gaI hai / nyAyazAstra meM viSaya-vivecana kI tIna prakriyAeM haiM-uddeza arthAt padArthoM yA unake bhedoM kA nAma denA ( Enumeration ), lakSaNa ( Definition ) aura parIkSA arthAt lakSaNa kA vizleSaNa, vivecana, prAmANikatA Adi para vicAra ( Examination ) parIkSA meM vizeSakara kAraNa aura svarUpa kA vicAra hotA hai / dvitIya adhyAya se hI parIkSA kA krama cala par3A hai| _tRtIyasya prathama AtmazarIrendriyArthaparIkSaNam / dvitIye buddhimanaHparIkSaNam / caturthasya prathame pravRttidoSapretyabhAvaphaladuHkhApavargaparIkSaNam /

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akSapAda - darzanam 387 dvitIye doSanimittaka - ( ta ) - tvanirUpaNamavayavyAdinirUpaNaM ca / pazvamasya prathame jAtibhedanirUpaNam dvitIye nigrahasthAnabhedanirUpaNam / J tRtIyAdhyAya ke prathama Ahnika meM AtmA, zarIra indriya aura artha kI parIkSA huI hai / isake dvitIya Ahnika meM buddhi aura mana kI parIkSA huI hai| caturthAdhyAya ke prathama Ahnika pravRtti, doSa, pretyabhAva ( punarjanma ), phala, duHkha tathA apavarga kI parIkSA huI hai / [ isa prakAra 3 AhnikoM meM bAraha prameyoM ( Objects of knowledge ) kI parIkSA huI hai / dvitIya Ahnika meM doSa ke nimittoM' kA nirUpaNa huA hai ( yA doSa ke nimittasvarUpa tattva kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai ) / sAtha hI avayavI Adi ( avayavI kA avayavoM se bheda, paramANuoM kA niravayava honA, mithyopalabdhi, samAdhi, vAda, jalpa aura vitaNDA ) kA nirUpaNa bhI huA hai / paJcamAdhyAya ke prathama Ahnika meM jAti ke bhedoM kA nirUpaNa karake dvitIya Ahnika meM nigrahasthAna ke bhedoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai / vizeSa nyAyazAstra ke sarvAMgINa vikAsa kA bIja nyAyasUtra meM pAyA jAtA hai jahA~ sabhI padArthoM kA uddeza, lakSaNa aura parIkSaNa huA hai / bahuta dinoM taka isI rUpa meM nyAyazAstra ko rUparekhA sthita thI / yoM to sabhI dArzanikoM ko vipakSiyoM ke krUra prahAra se TakarAnA par3A, kintu naiyAyikoM aura bauddhoM kA saMgharSa bhAratIya darzana ke itihAsa meM amara hai / gautama ke AvirbhAva ( 300 I0 pU0 ) ke bAda kucha dinoM taka vRttiyA~ likhI jAtI rahIM, jina saboM kA samAveza karake vAtsyAyana ( 300 I0 ) ne apanA prasiddha bhASya likhA / donoM ke bIca bhI kaI AcArya ho cuke the kintu unakA patA bhara hI hai, vaha bhI anumAna ke AdhAra para / bauddhoM kI ora se nAgArjuna ( 150 I0 ) ne nyAyasUtra kA ause kiyA thA jisakA uttara vAtsyAyana ne bhASya meM diyA / vAtsyAyana kA khaNDana bhI bauddhAcArya diGnAga ( 400 I0 ) ne apane granthoM ( pramANasamuccaya, nyAyapraveza Adi ) meM yathAsthAna kiyA / inake kutarkoM kA uttara dekara nyAya kI punaH pratiSThA karanevAle bhArane dvAja udyotakara ( 560 I0 ) ne nyAyabhASya para apanA nyAyavArtika likhA / subandhu apane gadyakAvya ' vAsavadattA' meM udyotakara kA ullekha kiyA hai / diGnAga ke suprasiddha TIkAkAra dharmakIrti ( 635 I0 ) ne udyotakara kA bhI khaNDana pramANavArtika, nyAyabindu Adi granthoM meM kiyA hai--kahIM kahIM unake sujhAoM ke anusAra apane pakSa kA parimArjana bhI kiyA hai / udyotakara nyAyazAstra tathA bauddhAgama ke mahAn paMDita the / bauddhoM ke prahAra se phira nyAya kI rakSA karane ke lie vAcaspatimizra ( 841 I0 ) ne udyotakara ke vArtika 1. isa sthAna para kaoNvelane sujhAva rakhA hai ki 'doSanimittakatva' ke sthAna para 'doSanimittatattva' aisA pATha honA cAhie / nyAyasUtra ( 4 / 2 / 1 ) kI zabdAvalI - doSanimittAnAM tattvajJAnA dahaGkAranivRttiH - dekhane se bhI yaha ThIka lagatA hai / kintu abhyaMkara kA pATha yA kalakattA saMskaraNa kA pATha bhI barA nahIM: eka hI artha para pahu~cate haiM /

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388 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe para tAtparya - TIkA likhii| ye mithilA ke nivAsI the tathA sabhI zAstroM meM inakI pratibhA camakatI thI / tAtparyaTIkA kI prasiddhi kA eka prabala pramANa hai ki vAcaspati ko 'tAtparyAcArya' kA hI nAma de diyA gayA / usake bAda nyAyasUtroM para nyAyamaJjarI nAmaka vRttiTIkA likhanevAle jayantabhaTTa ( 880 I0 ) Ate haiM jinhoMne virodhiyoM ke tarkoM kA khaNDana karate hue prabala pramANoM se nyAyadarzana kI vivecanA kI hai / nyAyadarzana meM sabase adhika viSayoM kA vizleSaNa isI meM hai / bhAsarvajJa ( 925 I0 ) ne nyAyasAra likhA jisake viSaya bhI nyAyamaJjarI ko taraha ke hI haiM / nyAyadarzana kI isa dhArA ke sabase bar3e ratna udayanAcArya ( 984 I0 ) the jinhoMne vAcaspati kI tAtparyaTIkA para tAtparyaparizuddhi, Izvara kI siddhi ke lie nyAyakusumAJjali' aura bauddhoM ke khaNDana ke lie Atmatattvaviveka ( yA bauddhA dhikkAra ) - ye tIna prasiddha pustakeM likhiiN| pichalI donoM pustakeM kaI TIkAoM alaMkRta haiM / abhI taka nyAyadarzana meM pramANa ke sAtha prameya para bhI vicAra-vimarza ho rahA thA / bauddhoM ke tarkoM se neyAyika loga parezAna ho uThe the- isIlie eka naI dhArA cala par3I jisameM pramANoM ke vizleSaNa tathA buddhivAda para adhika jora diyA gyaa| sUkSmatA ke lie naye prakAra ke zabdoM-- jaise, avacchedaka ( vyApta karanevAlA), avacchinna ( vyApta), prakAratAnirUpita ( vizeSaNa ke dvArA viziSTa ), niSThatA ( abheda - sambandha ) Adi - kA prayoga hone laga gayA / isa bhASA kA cAkacikya itanA prabhAva DAlane lagA ki nyAya to nyAya, dUsare darzanoM aura zAstroM meM bhI isa taraha kI bhASA kA bedhar3aka vyavahAra hone lagA / nyAya kI isa dhArA ko purAnI dhArA se pRthak karane ke lie navya-nyAya kahAM gayA aura gaunama se lekara udayana taka ko prAcIna nyAya kI zabdAvalI se vibhUSita kiyA gayA / natryanyAya ke pravartaka gaGgeza upAdhyAya ( 1175 I0 ) the jinhoMne tattvacintAmaNi likhakara pramANazAstra kA vIjavapana kiyaa| ye mithilA ke nivAsI the jahA~ nyAya kI dhUma maca gii| gaMgeza ke putra vardhamAna ne cintAmaNi para 'prakAza' nAma kI TIkA likhI / isake bAda se gaMgeza ke granthoMkI TIkA hI pANDitya ko kasoTI mAnI jAne lagI / jayadeva mizra ( yA pakSadhara mizra 1278 I0 ) ne tattvAloka- TIkA likhI / navyanyAya kA prasAra navadvIpa (baMgAla) meM vAmudeva sArvabhauma ( 1275 I0 ? ) ne kiyA / ye caitanya ke samakAlika the tathA inhoMne tattvacintAmaNi para apanI TIkA kI thI / inake bahuta se ziSya hue jinameM raghunAtha bhaTTAcArya ( 1300 I0 ) atyanta prasiddha the / inhoMne tattvacintAmaNi para tattvadIdhiti TIkA likhI jo kAlAntara meM svatantra grantha bana gaI tathA jisa para hI TIkA likhanA pANDitya mAnA gayA / mathurAnAtha tarkavAgIza ne Aloka, cintAmaNi tathA 1. udayanAcArya ne bhakta ke rUpa meM Izvara kA upAlambha kiyA haiaizvaryamadamatto'si mAmavajJAya vartase / parAkrAnteSu bauddheSu madadhInA tava sthitiH //

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akSApAra-varzanam 289 dIdhiti para apanI TIkAeM likhIM (1580 I0 ) / antima TIkA mathurAnAthI ke nAma se prasiddha huii| ThIka isI samaya jagadIza bhaTTAcArya ( 1590 I0 ) ne tattvadIdhiti para apanI TippaNI kI aura jisakI TIkA bhI mithilA ke zaMkara mizra ( 1625 I0 ) ne likhI thii| jagadIza kI dUsarI kRti zabdazaktiprakAzikA hai jisameM zabdazakti para veduSyapUrNa vicAra diye gaye haiN| gadAdhara bhaTTAcArya ne bhI tattvadIdhiti para apanI bRhat vyAkhyA prastuta kI jo sarvasAdhAraNa meM gadAdhArI ke nAma se pracalita hai| vyatpattivAda aura zakti vAda jaise suprasiddha granthoM kI racanA kA zreya bhI inhIM ko prApta hai| isa prakAra nyAyazAstra ke pramukha acAryoM aura granthoM kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai| (2. pramANa kA vicAra ) mAnAdhInA meyasiddhiriti nyAyena pramANasya prathamamuddeze tadanusAreNa lakSaNasya kapanIyatayA prathamoddiSTasya pramANasya prathamaM lakSaNaM kathyatesAdhanAmayAvyatiriktatve sati pramAvyAptaM pramANam / pramANa ke adhIna prameya kI siddhi hotI hai ( = pramANa kA vicAra karane para hI prameya kA vicAra hotA hai )-isa niyama ke anusAra pramANa kA prathama ullekha kiyA hai / cUMki uddeza ( nAmAhaNa) ke bAda lakSaNa kA vicAra karanA cAhie isalie prathama ullisita pramANa kA hI lakSaNa pahale kahA jAtA hai-pramANa vaha hai jo sAdhanoM ( yathArtha anubhava ke sAdhana-jese AMkha, kAna, nAka, buddhi ) tathA Azraya ( yathArtha anubhava ke Azraya arthAt AtmA) se vyatirikta ( pRthak ) na ho aura jo pramA ( yathArtha anubhava ) ke dvArA vyApta bhI ho| [ yathArtha anubhava ko pramA kahate haiM, jaise pauta kA jJAna pItarUpa meM hotA, nIlarUpa meM nhiiN| pramA kA karaNa pramANa hai arthAt jisase (jisa sAdhana se ) yathArtha anubhava ho / pramA kA sAdhana pramA se nityasambaddha rahegA hI--vahI pramANa hai| pramA kA Azraya paramezvara bhI nityasaMbaddha hai kintu dUsarA Azraya jIva nityasaMbaddha nahIM hotA, use bhrama ho sakatA hai / isakI vyAvRtti ke lie 'pramAvyApta' pada rakhA gayA hai jisase jIva se pRthak na rahane para bhI pramANa ko yathArtha anubhava se nitya-saMbaddha rahanA anivArya hai / isase paramezvara kI prAmANikatA bhI siddha hogI, kyoMki vahI sabase adhika Apta (vizvasanIya ) hai|] evaM ca pratitantrasiddhAntasiddhaM paramezvaraprAmANyaM saMgRhItaM bhavati / yadacakathat sUtrakAraH-mantrAyurvedaprAmANyavacca tatprAmANyamAptaprAmANyAt (nyA0 suu02|1|68) iti / tathA ca nyAyanayapArAvArapAradRzvA vizvavikhyAtakItirudayanAcAryo'pi nyAyakusumAJjalau caturthe stabake 1. mitiH samyakparicchittistadvattA ca prmaatRtaa| tavayogavyavacchedaH prAmANyaM gautame mate // (4.5) iti /

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RAMIND 390 sarvadarzanasaMgraheisa prakAra hI pratitantra-siddhAnta (kevala eka tantra yA zAstra meM pracalita siddhAnta ) se jo paramezvara kI prAmANikatA siddha kI jAtI hai usakA saMkalana bhI hotA hai| jaisA ki sUtrakAra ne kahA hai-'jisa prakAra mantroM kI aura Ayurveda kI prAmANikatA [ Apta pramANa se ] siddha hotI hai usI prakAra usa (paramezvara ) kI prAmANikatA bhI yathArthavaktA ( Apta) kI prAmANikatA se siddha hotI hai' ( 2 / 1168 ) / [ mantroM se viSAdi kA nivAraNa hotA hai tathA Ayurveda-zAstra se ucita auSadhiyoM kA parijJAna hotA hai| inakI prAmANikatA inake upadezakoM para AdhArita hai, kyoMki ve Apta arthAt yathArtha kA jJAna karAnevAle RSi haiN| ye isalie Apta haiM ki inhoMne satya kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai, jIvoM para dayA kI bhAvanA se pravRtta haiM tathA apane satyajJAna ko mAnavoM taka pahuMcAte haiM / jaise mantra aura Ayurveda kI bAtoM para vizvAsa karate haiN| usI prakAra Apta ke upadeza para vizvAsa karanA caahie| yaha sUtra veda kI sattA ke viSaya meM sUcanA detA hai ki veda ke draSTA mantroM aura Ayurveda ke bhI lekhaka haiM, ataH veda kI prAmANikatA bhI usI vizvAsa ke sAtha mAnanI caahie| isalie yaha abhiprAya nikalatA hai ki sarvAdhika Apta ( Reliable ) paramezvara kI prAmANikatA bhI sUtrakAra ko abhISTa hai|] ___ isI DhaMga se nyAyamArga-rUpI samudra ke pAra taka dekhanevAle tathA vizva bhara meM vikhyAta kIrtivAle udayanAcArya bhI nyAyakusumAMjali ke caturtha stabaka ( guccha, adhyAya ) meM kahate haiM-'samyak rUpa se ( yathArtha rUpa meM ) jJAna prApta kara lenA ( paricchittiH ) miti ( yathArtha jJAna ) hai| usase (pramA se ) yukta pramAtA ( yathArthavaktA ) hotA hai [ usa pramA se yukta honA hI pramAtA bananA hai / usa (miti yA pramA) se sambandhAbhAva ( ayoga ) na rahanA ( vyavaccheda ) arthAta miti se Avazyaka sambandha rahanA hI gautama ke anusAra prAmANya ( prAmANikatA Authority ) hai / ' (nyAyakusumAMjali 4 / 5) / vizeSa-pratitantrasiddhAnta kA lakSaNa nyAyasUtra meM isa prakAra diyA gayA hai-'samAnatantrasiddhaH paratantrAsiddhaH pratitantrasiddhAntaH' ( 1 / 1 / 29 ) arthAt jo samAnatantra meM mAnA jAya, kintu dUsare tantra meM svIkRta na ho vaha pratitantra-siddhAnta kahalAtA hai| zabda ko antima mAnanA yA paramezvara ko pramANa mAnanA, ye pratitantrasiddhAnta hai / samAnatantra arthAt vaizepika darzana meM inheM mAnya ThaharAte haiN| kintu paratantra meM jaise mImAMsA-darzana meM inheM asvIkRta kiyA gayA hai| ___ udayanAcArya ke viSaya meM vyakta kiye gaye mAdhavAcArya ke prazaMsAtmaka udgAra bar3e preraka haiM / pAradRzvA-pAra + /dRz + kvanip = pAdaM dRSTavAn (jo pAra taka dekhe hue ho)| dekhiye-a0 sU0 3 / 2 / 94 dRzeH kvanip / nyAyakusumAMjali meM pAMca stabaka haiN| 2. sAkSAtkAriNi nityayogini paradvArAnapekSasthitI bhUtArthAnubhave niviSTanikhilaprastAvivastukramaH /

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akSapAra-vanam 391 lezAdRSTinimittaduSTivigamaprabhraSTazAtuSaH zonmeSakalaGkibhiH kimaparastanme pramANaM shivH| (nyA0 ku0 4 / 6) iti / taccaturvidhaM pratyakSAnumAnopamAnazabdabhedAt / 'mere lie to ve ziva hI pramANa haiM; siddha padArthoM ke viSaya meM jina (ziva ) kA anubhava pratyakSa rUpa se hotA hai, nitya ke sAtha yukta hai (kSaNika nahIM hai ) tathA kisI bhI dUsare sAdhana kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA; isa prakAra ke apane anubhava meM jinhoMne sabhI (nikhila ) vartamAna (prastAvI = prastuta ) vastuoM kA utpAdanAdi krama sthira kara liyA hai; lezamAtra bhI [ padArthoM ke ] na dikhalAI par3ane denevAle ( adRSTi-nimitta ) doSoM ko dUra haTAkara, jinhoMne zaMkA-rUpI bhUsoM ko bhasmIbhUta kara diyA hai / zaMkAoM kI utpatti se kalaMkita dUsare pramANoM se kyA lAbha hai ?' (nyAyakusumAMjali 4 / 6) / [ Izvara kA jJAna pratyakSa hI hai sAre padArthoM kA ve sAkSAtkAra karate haiM / yaha sAkSAtkAra bhI manuSyoM ke jJAna kI taraha kSaNika nahIM, pratyuta nitya hai / anta meM, Izvara ko jJAna prApta karane ke lie kisI bhI bAhya sAdhana kI apekSA nahIM pdd'tii| hamaloga bhI kucha vastuoM kA pratyakSa jJAna prApta karate haiM, yogI loga apane yoga-bala se hI yaha sambhava kara dikhAte haiN| una paramezvara ke viSaya meM kyA kahanA jinakI zakti acintanIya hai ? sRSTi ke Arambha meM pahale ke kalpa meM jo-jo padArtha siddha the unakI kevala kalpanA karake hI Izvara dekhanA Arambha karate haiM aura udhara ve padArtha taiyAra hone lage ! puruSasUkta meM 'yathApUrvamakalpayat' ke dvArA isI tathya kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai / una Izvara ke jJAna meM hI sAre padArthoM kI utpatti Adi kA krama ( Order ) nihita hai| sArA saMsAra hI jJAnamaya ( Spiritual, idealistic ) hai / ina padArthoM kI sthiti yA krama ke viSaya meM hama loga apane ajJAnavaza nAnA prakAra kI zaMkAeM karate rahate haiM, kintu mUla vastu ko nahIM samajha sakane ke kAraNa hI aisA hotA hai| parokSa jJAna meM to zaMkAeM hotI hI haiM, pratyakSa jJAna meM bhI pUrNa rUpa meM vastu kA jJAna na hone ke kAraNa kisI eka aMza ke adarzana se aneka prakAra kI viparIta bhAvanAe~ calI AtI haiN| ye doSa paramezvara se sarvathA pRthak rahate haiM / apane jJAna-pavana se Izvara ina zaMkA-tuSoM ko ur3Akara kahA~ se kahA~ le jAte haiM / zaMkAoM se dUsare pramANa kalaMkita haiM, koI-na-kAI zaMkA una pramANoM ko dhara ho dabAte haiN| isalie anta meM udayana niSkalaMka ziva ko hI pramANa mAnate haiM / yaha pramANa cAra prakAra kA hai-pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna aura zabda / vizeSa-pramANoM kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM prAyaH sabhI darzanoM meM kucha-na-kucha vicAra kiyA gayA hai / cArvAka kevala pratyakSa ( Perception ) ko hI pramANa mAnate haiM / jaina aura bauddha pratyakSa ke sAtha anumAna ( Inference ) ko bhI pramANa mAnate haiM / vaizeSikoM ke lie

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392 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe bhI pramANa ye hI haiM | mAdhva loga ( dvaitavAdI ) pratyakSa aura zabda ( Testimony ) ko lete haiN| rAmAnujIya, pAtaJjala tathA jaranneyAthika ( prAcIna naiyAyika ) pratyakSa, anumAna tathA zabda se saMtuSTa haiM / dUsare neyAyika pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna ( Comparison ) tathA zabda ko pramANa mAnate haiM / mAhezvara dArzanika bhI yahI kahate haiM / inake sAtha arthApatti ( Implication ) ko lagAkara guru-mImAMsaka pAMca pramANa tathA abhAva ko bhI milAkara chaha pramANa mAnanevAle bhATTa-mata ke mImAMsaka evaM advaitavAdI loga haiM / sambhava ( Possibility ) tathA aitihya ( Tradition ) ko bhI milAkara ATha pramANa mAnanevAle paurANika loga haiM / tAntrika loga ceSTA ( Activity ) ko bhI pramANa mAnakara saMkhyA nau taka pahu~cA dete haiM / yahA~ para naiyAyikoM ke pramANoM ko samajha lenA apekSita hai ( 1 ) pratyakSa - jo jJAna indriyoM aura padArtha ke sannikarSa se utpanna hotA hai tathA bhrama se rahita ( avyabhicArI ) hokara nAma lene yogya ( vyapadezya ) na ho tathA nizcayAtmaka ho / jaba hama AMkhoM se ghaTa kA jJAna prApta karate haiM taba yaha zuddha jJAna hai; jJAna ke samaya ghaTa zabda kA koI prayojana nahIM, kyoMki jJAna azAbda arthAt nirvikalpaka hai / dUsare, pratyakSa jJAna nizcayAtmaka hotA hai, dUra se dekhakara kisI padArtha ko dhUma yA dhUla mAnane kI bhUla hone para use pratyakSa jJAna nahIM kaheMge / kucha nizcaya hone para hI use pratyakSa jJAna kaha sakate haiM / vAtsyAyana indriyoM ke sAtha vastu ke sannikarSa kA tathya nirUpita karate hue kahate haiM ki AtmA kA sambandha mana se hotA hai, mana kA indriyoM se aura indriyoM kA vastuoM se / tabhI pratyakSa hotA hai / kintu yaha prakriyA kAraNa kA avadhAraNa ( Determination ) karanA hai - viziSTa kAraNa to indriya-viSaya-saMyoga hI hai / pratyakSa meM chaha prakAra ke sanni karSa huA karate haiM / cUMki pratyakSa kA sAdhana indriya hai isalie indriya ko hI pratyakSa pramANa mAnate haiM / nirvikalpaka aura savikalpaka ke bheda se pratyakSa do prakAra kA | nirvikalpaka meM prakAra yA vizeSaNa kA jJAna nahIM rahatA hai, jaise - yaha kucha hai / savikalpaka meM prakAra kA jJAna ho jAtA hai, jaise - yaha zyAma hai / rAmAnuja darzana meM isakI rUparekhA kucha dUsarI hai jo hama dekha hI cuke haiM / 2. anumAna - liMga ( Middle term ) kA parAmarza honA anumAna hai / vyApti kI sahAyatA se vastu kA bodha karAnevAle ko liMga yA hetu kahate haiM, jaise dhUma agni kA liMga hai / vyApti kA artha sAhacarya-niyama ( Universal relation ) hai, jaise- jahA~-jahA~ dhUma hai vahA~ vahIM agni bhI hai| jaba vyApti se viziSTa liMga kA jJAna pakSa ( Minor term, jaise parvata ) meM utpanna hotA hai use hI liMga parAmarza kahate haiM / tarkasaMgraha meM parAmarza ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki vyApti se viziSTa pakSadharmatA kA jJAna hI parAmarza hai / udAharaNa ke lie; 'agni ke dvArA vyApya dhUma se yukta' yaha parvata hai / aisA jJAna parAmarza hai| isa parAmarza se 'parvata bhI agnimAn hai' yaha jJAna (niSkarSa yA nigamana) utpanna huA, yahI anumiti hai / nIce likhe rUpa meM ise spaSTatara kiyA jA sakatA hai ----

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akSapArasanan ( 1 ) yatra yatra dhUmastatra tatra agniH ( vyApti yA Major premise ) (2) parvato dhUmavAn ( pakSadharmatA yA Minor premise ) (3) parvato'gnimAna ( anumiti yA Conclusion) isa anumiti taka pahu~cane kA jo sAdhana ( kAraNa, asAdhAraNa kAraNa ) ho vahI anumAna hai / nyAyadarzana meM anumAna ke tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM--pUrvavat, zeSavat aura sAmAnyatodRSTa / jahA~ kAraNa ko dekhakara kArya kA anumAna ho, vaha pUrvavat hai jaise meghoM ko AkAza meM ghirate dekhakara vRSTi hone kA anumAna / jaba kArya ko dekhakara kAraNa kA anumAna ho, vaha zeSavat hai, jaise cAroM ora pAnI hI pAnI dekhakara 'varSA huI hai| isakA anumAna / sAmAnya rUpa se anumAna karanA ki jisa vastu ko eka jagaha dekhA thA dUsarI jagaha para hai, to vaha vastu avazya calatI hogii| isa AdhAra para apratyakSa hone para bhI sUrya kI gati kA anumAna kara lete haiN| dUsare DhaMga se bhI inakA vivecana hotA hai jaisA ki vAtsyAyana ne kiyA hai| navya naiyAyika anumAna ke do bheda karate haiM- svArtha aura parArtha / svArtha kA abhiprAya hai jo eka vyakti svayaM bAra-bAra rasoIghara, kala-kArakhAne Adi meM dekhakara vyApti grahaNa letA hai ki 'jahA~ dhUma hai vahA~ agni hai', taba parvata ke pAsa jAkara vahA~ kI agni ke viSaya meM sandeha hone para, parvata meM dhUma dekhakara vyApti kA smaraNa karatA hai ki jahAM dhUma hai vahAM agni hotI hai / taba yaha jJAna (liMga-parAmarza) utpanna hotA hai ki agni ke dvArA vyApya dhUma se yukta ( vahnivyApyadhUmavAn ) yaha parvata hai / anta meM yaha jJAna hotA hai ki parvata agni meM yukta hai| yahI svArthAnumAna hai / jaba svayaM dhUma se agni kA anumAna karake dUsaroM ko samajhAne ke lie pAMca avayava-vAkyoM ( Members ) kA prayoga kiyA jAya to use parArthAnumAna kahate haiN| ise hama mUla kI vyAkhyA meM hI Age spaSTa kreNge| 3. upamAna-jaba sAdRzya ( atideza ) kA bodha karAnevAle vAkya kA smaraNa karake sadRza vastu kA jJAna hotA hai to use upamAna kahate haiM / nyAyasUtra meM kahA hai ki prasiddha vastu ke sAdharmya se zeya vastu kA jJAna prApta karanA upamAna hai| jaise koI AdamI 'gavaya' nAmaka jaMgalI jIva ko nahIM jAnatA kintu jaba eka atideza ( sAdRzya ) vAkya sunatA hai ki gavaya gau ke samAna hotA hai, tabhI use gavaya ko pahacAnane meM dera nahIM lgtii| upamiti-jJAna hotA hai ki yahI gavaya hai| 4. zabda-yathArthavaktA ( Apta ) ke dvArA uccarita vAkya hI zabda hai, jaise veda ke vAkya yA bhUgola meM kahe gaye vAkya / nyAyasUtra meM zabda ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM-dRSTArtha zabda aura adRSTArtha zabda / jaba AptavAkya kI saMgati isa saMsAra ke tathyoM se baiThAI jA sake, jaise yaha kahanA ki sAiberiyA meM barpha jamI huI rahatI hai| taba use dRSTArtha kahate haiM / kintu AptavAkyoM se paraloka kI bAtoM kA jJAna hone para use adRSTArtha zabda kahate haiM / isa prakAra laukika vAkyoM aura RSi ke vAkyoM meM bheda kiyA jA sakatA hai| ise hIlaukika aura vaidika bhI kahate haiM /

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394 sarvasanasaMgrahe ina pramANoM se hI prameyoM kA jJAna tathA parIkSaNa hotA hai| nyAya meM pramANazAstra ( Epistemology ) para bahuta adhika jora diyA gayA hai| navyanyAya to vizuddha pramANazAstra hI hai / pramANoM ke viSaya meM jitanA vizleSaNa bhAratIya darzana meM huA hai vizva ke kisI bhI darzana meM milanA asambhava hai-nyAya kA to yaha viSaya hI hai / anya darzana isa dRSTi se nyAya ke RNI haiN| apane viSayoM ke pratipAdana ke lie nyAya ke kitane hI zabda anya darzanakAroM ne liye hai| isa dRSTi se yadi nyAya-darzana ko 'darzanoM kA darzana' kaheM to koI atyukti na hogii| ( 3. prameya padArtha kA vicAra ) pramAyAM yaddhi pratibhAsate tatprameyam / tacca dvAdazaprakAram-AtmazarIrendriyArthabuddhi manaH-pravRtti-doSa-pretyabhAva-phala-duHkhApavarga-bhedAt / __ prabhA arthAt yathArtha anubhava meM jo dikhalAI par3e, vahIM prameya ( Knowable ) hai / isake bAraha bheda haiM-AtmA, zarIra, indriya, artha, buddhi, mana, pravRtti, doSa, pretyabhAva, phala, duHkha aura apvrg| vizeSa-prameyoM ke lakSaNa nyAyasUtra meM prathama adhyAya meM navama sUtra se lekara 22 veM sUtra taka diye gaye haiM / tRtIya aura caturtha adhyAyoM meM inakI parIkSA huI hai| (1) AtmA ( Soul )-jJAna se yukta AtmA hai, yaha saboM ko dekhanevAlI, sarvajJa tathA saboM kA anubhava karanevAlI hai / yaha vibhu aura nitya hai| Izvara aura jIva ke rUpa meM isake do meda haiM / sarvajJa Izvara eka hI hai,' jIva pratyeka zarIra ke lie bhinna-bhinna hai| AtmA ke lie kucha cihna haiM, jaise-icchA (jisa taraha kI vastu se AtmA ko sukha milatA hai usI taraha kI vastu ko icchA use hotI hai), dveSa, prayatna, sukha, duHkha aura jJAna / duHkhaprada vastu se dveSa hotA hai, unheM haTAne yA sukhada padArthoM ko lAne ke lie prayatna hotA hai / bhoga karane para yA bodha hone para yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki yaha amuka padArtha hai| 1. nyAyakusumAMjali ( 5 / 1 ) meM Izvara kI siddhi ke lie pramANa diye gaye haiM kAryAyojanadhRtyAdeH padAtpratyayataH zruteH / vAkyAtsaMkhyAvizeSAcca sAdhyo vizvavidavyayaH // saMsArarUpI kArya ke kartA ke rUpa meM, sRSTi ke Arambha meM do paramANuoM ko jor3anevAle ke rUpa meM, saMsAra kA dhAraNa karanevAle ke rUpa meM, vibhinna kalAoM kA vyavahAra calAne vAle ke rUpa meM, atarya veda-siddhAntoM ke pravartaka ke rUpa meM, zruti-pratipAdita hone ke kAraNa, vAkyabhUta vedoM ke racayitA ke rUpa meM, dvitvasaMkhyA kI utpAdaka apekSAbuddhi ko dhAraNa karanevAle ke rUpa meM tathA adRSTa ( dharmAdharma ) ke vyavasthApaka ke rUpa meM vizvavettA avyaya Izvara kI siddhi hotI hai|

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akSapAda varzanam 395 ( 2 ) zarIra ( Body ) - AtmA ke bhoga kA adhiSThAna ( AdhAra ) zarIra hai / zarIra vibhinna ceSTAoM, indriyoM aura unake arthoM kA bhI Azraya hai / kisI vastu ko chor3ane yA pAne ke lie ceSTAeM zarIra meM hI hotI haiN| zarIra ke anugraha se indriyA~ anugRhIta hotI haiM, usI meM koIupaghAta hone para ye bhI upahata hotI haiM- apane-apane acche yA bure viSayoM kI pravRtti dikhalAtI haiM, una indriyoM kA Azraya bhI zarIra hI hai | zarIrarUpI Ayatana meM indriyoM aura unake arthoM ke sannikarSa se utpanna honevAle sukha aura duHkha kI saMvedanA hotI hai / isIlie zarIra arthoM kA bhI Azraya hai / 1 (3) indriyA~ ( Senses ) - indriyA~ bhoga kA sAdhana haiM jo zarIra se saMyukta rahatI haiM / ye pAMca haiM-prANa, rasana, cakSu, tvacA aura zrotra jinase kramaza: sUMghanA, svAda lenA, dekhanA, chUnA aura sunanA ye kAma hote haiM / ina indriyoM meM zaktidAna karanevAle ye haiM - pRthivI, jala, agni, vAyu aura AkAza jinheM bhUta bhI kahate haiM / C ( 4 ) artha ( Objects ) -- uparyukta indriyoM ke dvArA bhogya ( Enjoyable ) vastuoM ko artha kahate haiM / ghrANendriya kA artha gandha hai, rasanendriya kA rasa, cakSurindriya kA tvagindriya kA sparza aura zrotrendriya kA zabda / rUpa, ( 5 ) buddhi ( Intellect ) - buddhi, jJAna aura upalabdhi ( Understanding ) ina tInoM ko gautama anarthAntara arthAt paryAya mAnate haiM ( 1 / 1 / 15 ) yaha cetana hai aura zarIra tathA indriyoM ke saMghAta se pRthak hai / (6) mana ( Mind ) - sukhAdi jJAnoM kA sAdhana indriya mana hai / isI ko antaHkaraNa arthAt Antarika bhAvoM ko jAnanevAlI indriya bhI kahate haiM / isakA cihna ( liMga yA pahacAna ) hai eka sAtha kaI jJAna kI utpatti na hone denA / kevala indriyArthasannikarSa se yadi jJAna utpanna hotA to ghrANendriya kA sambandha gandha se tathA zrotrendriya kA zabda se eka sAtha hokara donoM jJAna ( gandhajJAna aura zabdajJAna ) sAtha-sAtha utpanna hone para aisA nahIM hotA, kyoMki mana niyAmaka rUpa se pRthak karane ke lie prastuta rahatA hai / mana gandhajJAna karAne para hI zabda kA jJAna karA sakatA hai / ( 7 ) pravRtti ( Volition ) - vAcika, mAnasika aura zArIrika kriyA ko pravRtti kahate haiM / phira zubha aura azubha ke bheda se chaha prakAra kI ho jAtI hai / vAtsyAyana zubha aura azubha pravRttiyoM meM pratyeka ke dasa-dasa bheda mAnate haiM ( nyA0 bhA0 1 / 1 / 2 ) / azubha pravRttiyoM meM zarIra se pravRtta hiMsA, asteya aura pratiSiddha maithuna; vacana se pravRtta anRta, paruSa, sUcana ( cugalI, zikAyata, nindA ) aura asambaddha bhASaNa karanA; mana se pravRtta paradroha, paradhana ko har3apane kI icchA aura nAstikatA / zubha pravRttiyoM meM zarIra ke dvArA dAna, rakSA aura sevA, vacana se satya, hita, priya aura svAdhyAya, mana se dayA, aspRhA aura zraddhA / pravRttiyoM ke hI kAraNa janma lenA par3atA hai /

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sarvadarzanasaMpahe (8) doSa ( Faults)-pravRtti utpanna karanevAle doSa kahalAte haiN| ye tIna haiMrAga, dveSa aura moha / ye hI jJAtA ko puNya yA pApa kI ora pravRtta karate haiM / jahA~ mithyAjJAna hotA hai vahAM rAga aura dveSa rahate haiM / ina doSoM kI saMvedanA pratyeka AtmA ko hotI hai| rAga, dveSa yA moha ke vaza meM prANI vaha kAma karatA hai jisase sukha yA duHkha milatA hai| (9) pretyabhAva ( Transmigration )-utpanna hone ke bAda marakara phira janma lenA hI pretyabhAva hai / utpanna prANI kA sambandha deha, indriya, buddhi aura saMvedanA ke sAtha hotA hai / mara jAne para ye sambandha chUTa jAte haiN| jaba punaH utpatti hotI hai taba dUsare zarIrAdi kA sambandha sthApita hotA hai / janma-maraNa ke sambandha kA yaha abhyAsa ( AvRtti) taba taka calatA rahatA hai jaba taka apavarga kI prApti na ho jaay| (10) phala ( Fruit )-pravRttiyoM aura doSoM se utpanna honevAle artha ko phala kahate haiM / phala meM sukha aura duHkha kI saMvedanA hotI hai / hama jo bhI karma karate haiM unameM kucha to sukha kA phala dete haiM, kucha duHkha kA / deha, indriya, viSaya aura buddhi ke hone para hI phala milatA hai isalie ina saboM ko phala meM gina lete haiM / ina phaloM ko lene yA tyAgane meM hI sArA saMsAra vyasta hai / inakA anta nahIM hai| (11) duHkha ( Pain)-jisase pIr3A yA santApa ho vahI duHkha hai| jaba loga dekhate haiM ki sArA saMsAra hI duHkha se pUrNa hai to duHkha ko haTAne kI icchA se janma kI duHkha ke rUpa meM samajhakara niviNNa ( nirmama ) ho jAte haiM, taba virakta hote haiM aura virakta hone para mukta bhI ho jAte haiM / duHkha tIna prakAra ke haiM-AdhyAtmika Adhibhautika aura Adhidevika / vAta, pitta aura kapha ke doSoM kI viSamatA se utpanna zArIrika athavA kAma, krodhAdi se utpanna mAnasika duHkhoM ko AdhyAtmika kahate haiM / Antarika upAyoM se hI isakA nivAraNa sambhava hai / sarpa, vyAghra Adi jIvoM se utpanna duHkha Adhibhautika hai / yakSa, rAkSasa, grahAdi ke Aveza se AyA huA duHkha Adhidaivika hai / ye donoM du:kha bAharI upAya se hI haTAye jA sakate haiM / dUsare mata se duHkha ikkIsa taraha ke haiM-zarIra, chaha indriyA~, chaha viSaya, chaha buddhiyAM, sukha aura duHkha / duHkha se sambandha hone ke kAraNa sukha bhI duHkha hI hai| zarIrAdi duHkha ke sAdhana haiM, isalie duHkha ke hI andara haiN| dUsare sthAna meM bAharI duHkhasAdhana 16 prakAra ke mAne gaye haiM-paratantratA, Adhi ( manaHkaSTa ), vyAdhi, mAnacyuti, zatru, daridratA, do strI honA, adhika putriyAM honA, duSTa strI, duSTa naukara, kugrAmavAsa, kusvAmisevA, vArdhakya, paragRha meM rahanA, varSA meM paradeza rahanA, bure hala se khetI / vastutaH darzanoM kA mUla hI duHkha hai| (12) apavarga ( Emancipation )-duHkhoM se vilakula mukta ho jAnA apavarga hai| milA huA jIvana jaba naSTa ho jAya aura aprApta jIvana na mile tabhI apavarga hai| isa prakAra neyAyika apavarga kI vyAkhyA niSedhAtmaka zabdoM meM karate haiN|

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apAra-darzanam ( 4. saMzaya, prayojana aura dRSTAnta ) anavadhAraNAtmakaM jJAnaM saMzayaH / sa trividhaH-sAdhAraNadharmAsAdhAraNadharmavipratipattilakSaNabhedAt / yamadhikRtya pravartante puruSAstatprayojanam / tad dvividham-dRSTA dRSTabhedAt / vyAptisaMvedanabhUmirdaSTAntaH / sa dvividhaH-sAdharmyavaidharmyabhedAt / anizcayAtmaka jJAna ko saMzaya kahate haiN| yaha tIna prakAra kA hai-(1) do vastuoM meM koI dharma sAdhAraNa hone ke kAraNa honevAlA saMzaya [jese--yaha sthANu hai ki puruSa / sthANu ( khambhe) aura puruSa, donoM meM sAmAnya dharma eka hI hai-UMcA honA / vizeSatAeM spaSTa nahIM haiM-sthANutva kA nirNaya karanevAlI vizeSatAeM jaise vakratA yA koTarAdi honA athavA puruSatva kA nirNaya karanevAlI vizeSatAeM jese hAtha, paira Adi-koI bhI spaSTa nahIM haiM, isI se saMzaya hotA hai| ] (2) kisI vastu ke asAdhAraNa dharma diye jAne ke kAraNa honevAlA saMzaya [ jaise pRthivI nitya hai ki anitya / pRthivI kA asAdhAraNa ( apanA ) dharma hai gandha se yukta honA / yaha 'gandhavattva' na to anitya padArthoM meM hai na nitya meM hI, kevala pRthivI meM hI isakI sattA hai / pRthivI ko nityatA yA anityatA ke jJAna kA sAdhana na hone ke kAraNa hI aisA saMzaya huaa|] (3) vibhinna zAstrakAroM meM matabheda hone ke kAraNa utpanna saMzaya [ jaise-kucha loga kahate haiM ki zabda nitya hai, dUsare kahate haiM ki zabda anitya hai| ina donoM kA matabheda dekhakara bIcavAlA ghabarA uThatA hai aura saMzaya hotA hai| ] jisa kArya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara puruSoM kI pravRtti hotI hai vahI prayojana hai / yaha do prakAra kA hai-dRSTa prayojana aura adRSTa prayojana / [ koI vastu tyAjya yA grAhya hotI hai| use tyAgane yA grahaNa karane ko manuSya upAya karatA hai| yaha vastu hI prayojana kahI jAtI hai / dRSTa prayojana pratyakSa hotA hai, jaise-avaghAta karane kA prayojana hai bhUsoM ko pRthak karanA / adRSTa prayojana vihita tathA parokSa hotA hai, jaise-jyotiSToma-yAga kA kA prayojana svargaprApti / ___ dRSTAnta kI sthApanA kA jo AdhAra hotA hai vahI vyApti hai| isake do bheda haiMsAdharmya dRSTAnta aura vaidharmya dRSTAnta / [nyAyasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki laukika parIkSakoM kI buddhi jisa viSaya para ekamata ho jAya vahI dRSTAnta hai / dRSTAnta kA apanA artha haijisake dvArA anta yA nizcaya dekhA gayA ho, pAyA gayA ho| 'yatra dhUmaH tatrAgniH' isa vyApti kA nizcaya karane ke lie mahAnasa ( rasoIghara ) kA udAharaNa dete haiM-yahI dRSTAnta hai| rasoIghara apane pakSa kA poSaka hone ke kAraNa sAdharmya dRSTAnta hai| isI vyApti meM 'sarovara' vedharmya dRSTAnta hogA kyoMki jaba vyatireka-vidhi se vyApti para AyeMge-'jahA~

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398 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe agni nahIM vahA~ dhUma nahIM jaise- 'sarovara', taba yaha dRSTAnta kAma degA / phalataH anvayavidhi kA dRSTAnta sAdharmya hai, vyatireka-vidhi kA dRSTAnta vaidharmyaM / ] vizeSa- - vAcaspati mizra ne apane nyAyasUcInibandha meM ukta tIna padArthoM ko nyAyapUrvAMga kahA hai, kyoMki ye nyAya arthAt paJcAvayava anumAna kI bhUmikA ke rUpa meM haiM / nyAyasUtra meM saMzaya ke pAMca bheda mAne gaye haiM, kyoMki vahA~ lakSaNa hI kucha dUsare DhaMga kA hai, yadyapi phala donoM kA eka hI hai- samAnAnekadharmopapattervipratipatterupalabdhyanupalabdhyavyavasthAtazca vizeSApekSo vimarza: saMzaya: ( 112 / 23 ) | saMzaya vaha jJAna hai jisameM vizeSa dharma kI apekSA rahatI hai / nimnalikhita pAMca kAraNoM se utpanna hone ke kAraNa saMzaya pA~ca prakAra kA hai( 1 ) samAnadharmopapatti- -- jaba samAna dharmoM kI prApti kaI vastuoM meM ho aura vizeSa dharma kI apekSA ho taba aisA jJAna saMzaya hai| uccatA-dharma sthANu aura puruSa donoM meM hai / nirvikalpaka jJAna ke anantara donoM vastuoM meM saMzaya ho gyaa| jaba hAtha-paira Adi ke rUpa meM vizeSa dharmoM kA jJAna ho jAyagA taba saMzaya kI nivRtti hogI ki yaha manuSya hai / (2) anekadharmopapatti - aneka kA artha hai sajAtIya aura vijAtIya / jaba asAmAnya dharmoM kA jJAna hotA hai taba bhI saMzaya hotA hai / zabda kA zravaNa karake yaha pUchanA ki 'yaha nitya hai yA anitya', saMzaya hai / zabda kA dharma manuSya, pazu Adi anitya padArthoM meM bhI nahIM hai aura na nitya paramANuoM meM hI hai gandhavatI hone ke kAraNa pRthivI, jala Adi dravyoM se bhI viziSTa hai, guNakarma se bhI viziSTa hai / aba saMzaya ho gayA ki pRthivI dravya hai ki guNa yA karma / (3) vipratipatti - zAstroM meM paraspara vivAda hone se bhI saMzaya hotA haiM / zabda kI nityatA kA udAharaNa pracalita hI hai / (4) upalabdhyavyavasthA - kabhI -kabhI hama dekhate haiM ki pratyakSa kI avyavasthA se bhI saMzaya hotA hai / tar3AgAdi meM to vidyamAna hone para jala kA pratyakSa hotA hai para mRgamarIcikA ( Mirage ) meM avidyamAna hone para bhI isakA pratyakSa hotA hai / aba saMzaya huA ki jala kA pratyakSa kyA kevala vidyamAna avasthA meM hI hotA hai yA avidyamAna hone para bhI / (5) anupalabdhyavyavasthA - kabhI-kabhI apratyakSa kI avyavasthA se saMzaya hotA hai| mUlI meM ( Radish ) jala hai, para dikhalAI nahIM par3atA hai / patthara meM bhI jala nahIM dIkhatA; para vahA~ vAstava meM nahIM hai / kyA jala vidyamAna yA avidyamAna donoM hI dazAoM meM dikhalAI nahIM par3atA ? yahI saMzaya hai / ( 4 ka. siddhAnta aura avayava ) prAmANikatvenAbhyupagato'rthaH siddhAntaH / sa catuvidha:- sarvatantraprati : tantrAdhikaraNAbhyupagamabhedAt /

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akSapAda-darzanam parArthAnumAnavAkyaikadezo'vayavaH / sa pazvavidhaH - pratijJAhetuvAharaNopanayanigamanabhedAt / 399. prAmANika mAnakara siddha kiyA gayA artha ( Fact ) siddhAnta hai| isake cAra bheda haiM - sarvatantra, pratitantra, adhikaraNa aura abhyupagama siddhAnta / [ siddhAnta yA to kisI dArzanika sampradAya kI prAmANikatA svIkAra karatA hai yA kisI adhikaraNa ( AdhAra ) kI yA phira kisI jJApaka ( Implied ) viSaya kI / sarvatantra siddhAnta vaha hai jise zAstroM kI mAnyatA prApta ho / udAharaNa ke lie pA~ca mahAbhUta, pA~ca indriyoM, indriyoM ke viSaya Adi kI svIkRti sabhI darzanoM meM hai / pratitantrasiddhAnta vaha hai jo samAnatantra ( jaise nyAya kA samAnatantra vaizeSika darzana hai ) meM to mAnya ho kintu dUsare tantroM ( dArzanika sampradAyoM) meM asiddha ho / jaise- zabda kI anityatA nyAyavaizeSika meM mAnya hai kintu mImAMsakAdi ise nahIM mAnate / asatkAryavAda ko nyAya-darzana mAnatA hai, sAMkhya nahIM mAnatA / adhikaraNasiddhAnta use kahate haiM jise siddha kara lene para dUsare prakaraNoM kI bhI siddhi ho jAtI hai, jaise--deha aura indriyoM ke atirikta eka jJAtA hai, kyoMki darzana aura sparzana ke dvArA eka hI artha ( Object ) kA grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai ( nyA0 sU0 3|1|1 ) | isa siddhAnta ko mAna lene para kucha AnuSaMgika artha bhI mAnane par3ate haiM, jaise - ( 1 ) indriyA~ aneka haiM, (2) pratyeka indriya kA apanA eka viSaya hai, (3) AtmA yA jJAtA ko ina indriyoM ke mAdhyama se hI jJAna milatA hai, ( 4 ) apane guNoM se pRthak vartamAna dravya ho indriyoM kA AzrayasthAna hai aadi-aadi| ina arthoM ke binA pahale siddhAnta kI sambhAvanA nahIM / parantu pahale siddhAnta ke siddha hone para hI ye artha siddha hote haiM | abhyupagama siddhAnta use kahate haiM jo spaSTa rUpa se kahA nahIM gayA ho ( vAcanika na ho ) kintu usase sambaddha vizeSoM ko dekhane para anumAna se jJAta ho / ise hI vyAkaraNa meM jJApaka ( Implied ) kahate haiM / udAharaNa ke lie jaba prazna kahate haiM ki zabda nitya hai yA anitya, taba yaha mAnakara calanA par3atA hai ki zabda eka dravya hai / isa prakAra 'zabda dravya hai' yaha abhyupagama siddhAnta ( Implied dogma ) hai / nyAyadarzana meM yaha kahIM nahIM kahA gayA hai ki mana jJAnendriya hai kintu sambaddha sthaloM kI parIkSA karane para aisA mAnanA par3atA hai / ] avayava parArthAnumAna ke vAkya kA eka bhAga hai jisake pAMca bheda haiM-- pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana / [ jisa vAkya kI siddhi karanI hotI hai usakA nirdeza kara denA hI pratijJA hai, jaise- zabda anitya hai / udAharaNa ke sAdharmya yA vaidharmya se sAdhya vastu kA kAraNa denA hetu hai, jaise--kyoMki yaha utpanna hotA hai / raNoM meM hetu eka hI rahatA hai-bhale hI dRSTAnta badaleM / sAdhya vaidharmya se usake anukUla yA pratikUla dRSTAnta denA udAharaNa donoM prakAra ke udAha vastu ke sAdharmya se yA kahalAtA hai / vastu ke

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400 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe sAdharmya se anukUla dRSTAnta denA-jo kucha utpanna hotA hai vaha anitya hai, jaise ghaTa / vastu ke vedhayaM se pratikUla dRSTAnta denA-jo anitya nahIM hai vaha utpanna nahIM hotA, jese AtmA / udAharaNa ke AdhAra para jo niSkarSa yA upasaMhAra nikalatA hai ki yaha aisA hai yA aisA nahIM hai, vahI upanaya kahalAtA hai, jaise-zabda bhI utpanna hotA hai ( vaisA hI hai ) yA zabda anutpanna honevAlA nahIM hai ( vaisA nahIM hai ) / kAraNa kA ullekha hone para pratijJA kA punaH kathana karanA nigamana hai, jaise-isalie zabda anitya hai / isa prakAra vastu ke sAdharmya yA vedharmya ke kAraNa parArthAnumAna meM paJcAvayavavAkya ke do rUpa hoMge sAdharmya kA rUpa(1) pratijJA-zabda anitya hai| (2) hetu-kyoMki yaha utpanna hotA hai| ( 3 ) udAharaNa-jo bhI utpanna hotA hai vaha anitya hai, jaise ghaTa / (4) upanaya--zabda bhI vaisA ( utpanna hone vAlA ) hI hai| (5) nigamana-isalie zabda anitya hai| vaidharmya kA rUpa(1) pratijJA-zabda anitya hai / (2) hetu--kyoMki yaha utpanna hotA hai / ( 3 ) udAharaNa-jo nitya hotA hai vaha utpanna nahIM hotA, jaise-AtmA / (4) upanaya-zabda vaisA nahIM hai ( anutpanna nahIM hotA utpanna hotA hai)| ( 5 ) nigamana-isalie zabda nitya hai| bahuta se neyAyika vAkya meM dasa avayava mAnane kA sAhasa karate haiN| ve anya avayava haiM-jijJAsA, saMzaya, zakyaprApti, prayojana aura sNshyvyudaas| inakA varNana vAtsyAyana ne ( 111132 ) kI vyAkhyA meM kiyA hai / anta meM mAnA hai ki ye anivArya aMga nahIM haiN| ] vizeSa--ina avayavoM ko hI nyAya kahate haiM, kyoMki vAstava meM nyAyadarzana ke ye kendrabindu haiM jisase cAroM ora nyAyadarzana ghUmatA hai| spaSTataH vAcaspati saMbaddha meM nyAyasvarUpa mAnate haiN| (5. tarka kA svarUpa aura bheda ) vyApyAropeNa vyApakAropastarkaH / sa caikAdazavidhaH / vyAghAtAtmAzrayetaretarAzraya-cakrakAzrayAnavasthApratibandhikalpanAkalpanAlAghavakalpanAgauravotsargApavAdavaijAtyabhedAt / ___ vyApya padArtha kA AropaNa karake vyApaka padArtha kA AropaNa karanA tarka hai / [ yadi yahA~ agni kA abhAva hotA to dhUma kA bhI abhAva ho jAtA / aisA kahanA tarka hai| isameM agni kA abhAva vyApya hai jisakA AropaNa huA hai; usI ke AdhAra para vyApaka-dhUmA

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akSapAva-varzanam 401 bhAva-kA bhI AropaNa huA / parvata meM dhUma dekhakara koI vyakti ukta tarka kI sahAyatA se anumAna pramANa ke dvArA agni kA nizcaya kara le sakatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki tarka ko pramANoM kA sahAyaka mAnate haiM / nyAyasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa vastu kA tattva jJAta nahIM ho usakA tattva jAnane ke lie jo vicAra ( uha ) kAraNoM kA aucitya dikhalAte hue kiyA jAtA hai, vaha tarka hai / isa prakAra tarka kA Azraya tattvajJAna ke lie lete hai / hA~, kisI bAta ko haThapUrvaka siddha karane ke lie kutarka kA Azraya lete haiM / tarka meM tattva-nirNaya karane ke lie sAdhya vAkya ( Proposition ) ke ulaTe vAkya kI asaMgati dikhalAte hae Ate haiM. jaise yadi aisA nahIM hotA to.... .."aisA hotA / isalie yaha ThIka hai / yA yadi aisA hotA to........aisA hotA jo asambhava hai / isalie aisA nahIM ho sakatA, Adi / ] tarka ke gyAraha bheda hote haiM-vyAghAta, AtmAzraya, itaretarAzraya ( anyonyAzraya ), cakrakAzraya, anavasthA, pratibandhI kI kalpanA, kalpanAlAghava, kalpanAgaurava, upasarga, apavAda aura vejaaty| vizeSa-jagadIza tarkAlaMkAra ne kevala pAMca prakAra ke tarkoM ke nAma liye haiM-AtmAzraya, anyonyAzraya, cakraka, anavasthA aura pramANabAdhitArthaka / bhASApariccheda meM vyabhicAra kI zaMkA ke nivartaka vAkya ko tarka kahA gayA hai / kintu tarka ke jitane bheda batalAye jA rahe haiM ve doSa haiM, svayaM nivAraNa kiye jAne kI apekSA rakhate haiM-vyabhicAra kA nivAraNa kyA kareMge? asaMbaddha artha se yukta vAkya ko vyAghAta kahate haiM, jaise yaha kahanA hai ki maiM mUka hU~ yA amUrta para rUpa kA AropaNa karanA / jaba kisI vastu kA pratipAdana usI vastu ke AdhAra para hone kA prasaMga A jAye taba use AtmAzraya kahate haiM, jaise-rUpa se yukta vastu para rUpa kA AropaNa / jaba do vastueM eka dUsare para nirbhara kareM taba anyonyAzraya yA itaretarAzraya tarka hotA hai / udAharaNa ke lie 'he rAma ! uTho' yaha vAkya sunane se rAma jAgatA hai aura udhara jAgane para hI rAma suna sakatA hai / to jAgaraNa kAraNa hai yA zravaNa ? jAgaraNa kArya hai yA zravaNa ? donoM eka dUsare para Azrita haiM / jaba do se adhika vastueM eka dUsare para Azrita ho jAye taba cakraka hotA hai, jaise uparyukta udAharaNa meM indriyArthasannikarSa ko bIca meM le AnA / jAgRti se indriyArthasannikarSa hotA hai aura jAgRti tabhI hotI hai jaba zravaNa hotA hai| isa prakAra 'zravaNa-jAgRti-indriyArthasannikarSa-zravaNa Adi' ke rUpa meM Avartana ( Recurring ) hotA hai| jaba.eka hI dizA meM kalpanA kareM aura kahIM bhI isakA anta na ho to use anavasthA kahate haiM, jaise jAti ( Generality ) meM yadi jAti mAneM to usa jAti kI bhI eka dUsarI jAti hogI / isa prakAra bar3hate-bar3hate kahIM bhI anta nahIM hogaa| ye prasaMga sabhI darzanoM meM Ate haiN| jisa tarka se donoM pakSa samAna rUpa se prabhAvita hoM vaha pratibandhi-kalpanA ( yA pratibandI ) hai, jaise--puruSa hone ke kAraNa yadi yaha cora hai to Apa bhI to cora haiM kyoMki puruSa haiM / kalpanAlAghava aura kalpanAgaurava meM 1. pratibandI kA bar3A sundara udAharaNa kisI vaMgIya neyAyika ( saMbhavataH jagadIza ) ke

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe kalpanAoM kA kramazaH saMkoca aura vistAra hotA hai - isake udAharaNa isa pustaka meM hI anyatra mileMge | utsarga sAmAnya niyama ko kahate haiM aura apavAda tya taba hotA hai jaba tarka meM vilakSaNatA rahe / vizeSa niyama hai / vaijA 402 ina tarkoM kI upayogitA isI meM hai ki uparyukta doSoM kI sambhAvanA se nyAya ko bacAveM / tarka ko kucha isa prakAra rakhate haiM- yadi aisA nahIM hogA to kisI-na-kisI ( anavasthA, anyonyAzraya... ) tarka ke bheda kA prasaMga ho jAyagA / isa prakAra pramANa se sAdhya artha ke viruddha jAne kI sambhAvanA samApta ho jAtI hai / isIlie ye pramANa ke anugrAhaka haiM / ( 5 ka. nirNaya, vAda, jalpa, vitaNDA ) yathArthAnubhavaparyAyA pramitinirNayaH / sa catuvidhaH / sAkSAtkRtyanumityupamitizAbdabhedAt / tattvanirNayaphalaH kathAvizeSo vAdaH / ubhayasAdhanavatI vijigISukathA jalpaH / svapakSasthApanahInaH kathAvizeSo vitaNDA / kathA nAmavAdiprativAdinoH pakSapratipakSaparigrahaH / yathArtha anubhava arthAt pramiti ( Real knowledge ) ko nirNaya kahate haiM / [ nyAyasUtra meM kahA gayA hai-- vimRzya pakSapratipakSAbhyAmarthAvadhAraNaM nirNaya: ( 111141 ) arthAt pakSa aura vipakSa kI bAtoM para vicAra karake sandeha dUra karate hue tattva kA nizcaya karanA hI nirNaya hai / nirNaya karane ke lie jisa pramANa kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai, usI ke AdhAra para usakA nAma par3atA hai / jaise anumAna ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA nirNaya anumati nirNaya kahalAyegA ? to ] isake cAra bheda haiM-- sAkSAtkRti ( pratyakSa ), anumiti, upamiti aura zabda | vAda eka prakAra kI kathA ( Disputation dialogue ) hai jisakA phala tattva kA nirNaya ho jAnA hai / [ do pakSoM meM eka pakSa kA grahaNa karake, usa pakSa meM paMcAvayava anumAna kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai tathA pramANoM se usa pakSa kI rakSA karate hue tarka ke dvArA usake viruddha pakSa kA khaNDana bhI karate haiM / hA~, pUrva se sthira kiye gaye viSaya se sambandha rakhatA hai / naiyAyikajI bacapana meM par3hate kucha kama the / basa pitA ne bigar3akara kahA ki tuma gau ( = mUrkha ) ho / bAlaka ne lakSyArtha ko vAcyArtha meM lekara kahA ki gavi gotvamutAgavi gotvaM ced gavi gotvamanarthakametat / avi ca gotvaM yadi tava pakSaH samprati bhavatu bhavatyapi gotvam // Apa 'go' se kevala gAya kA hI artha lete haiM yA usase itara prANiyoM kA bhI ? yadi kevala gAya artha lete haiM to mere lie gau kA prayoga vyartha hai, kintu go se itara meM yaha artha lene para Apa aura hama donoM hI go haiM /

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akSapAda-darzanam 403 siddhAntoM ke viruddha nahIM jAnA cAhie - yahI vAda ( Discussion ) kI rUparekhA hai ( nyA0 sU0 11211 ) / ] vijaya kI icchA se kI jAnevAlI kathA, jisameM donoM pakSoM kI siddhi ho sakatI hai, jalpa kahalAtI hai / [ jalpa meM kevala vijaya para dhyAna rakhate haiM / yaha dhyAna nahIM rahatA ki jina tarkoM se apane pakSa kI rakSA kI jAtI hai unhIM se parapakSa kI bhI to rakSA hotI hai / isameM chala, jAti, nigrahasthAna kA bhI prayoga hotA hai yadyapi paJcAvayava - vAkyoM se hI zAstrArtha Arambha hotA hai / ukta lakSaNa meM 'vijigISu' pada kA prayoga jalpa ko vAda se pRthak karatA hai / vitaNDA se pRthak karane ke lie 'ubhayasAdhanavatI' kA prayoga huA hai / ] jisa kathA meM apane pakSa kI hI sthApanA nahIM kI jAya vaha vitaNDA ( Gavil ) hai / [ nyAyasUtra ( 11213 ) ke anusAra jisa jalpa meM pratipakSa ( kisI eka pakSa ) kI sthApanA nahIM ho, kevala eka hI pakSa para vivAda yA haTha ThAna leM vahI vitaNDA hai / vaitafuse kisI bhI sAdhya kI pratijJA nahIM karatA / usakA koI apanA pakSa nahIM rahatA / ] kathA kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki vAdI aura prativAdI pakSa aura pratipakSa kA grahaNa kara leM 1 [ yaha eka prakAra kA vArtAlApa hai jisameM do dalavAle eka hI viSaya ke pakSa aura vipakSa meM bolate haiM / smaraNIya hai ki kathA ke hI vAda, jalpa aura vitaNDA ye tIna bheda haiM / ] ( 5 kha. hetvAbhAsa aura chala ) asAdhako hetutvenAbhimato hetvAbhAsaH / sa pazvavidhaH - savyabhicAraviruddha-prakaraNasama - sAdhyasamAtItakAlabhedAt / hetvAbhAsa use kahate haiM jo hetu ke rUpa meM rakhA gayA ho kintu lakSya ko siddha na kara sake 1 ( na tu sAkSAd hetuH kintu tathA pratIyate ) isake pA~ca bheda haiM- savyabhicAra, viruddha, prakaraNasama, sAdhyasama aura atItakAla ( yA kAlAtIta ) / ' vizeSa - hetvAbhAsa ke ukta bhedoM ke nAma nyAyasUtra ke AdhAra para liye gaye haiM / navyanyAya kI sUkSmatA yahA~ para bhI lagI hai jisase vizleSaNa tathA nAmakaraNa meM kucha antara ho gayA / dArzanika vivecanA meM hetvAbhAsoM kA atyadhika prayoga hone ke kAraNa yahA~ hama unakI vyAkhyA kareM / ( 1 ) savyabhicAra ( Discrepant reason ) - vyabhicAra kA artha hai sahacAra nahIM honA arthAt hetu kA una sthAnoM meM bhI sAtha denA jina sthaloM meM sAdhya kA abhAva ho / vyabhicAra rahane para vyabhicAra nAma kA hetvAbhAsa hotA hai jisase ekAdhika 1. anumAna ke vAkyoM meM jo hetu ( Middle term ) zuddha nahIM rahatA vaha zuddha anumAna nahIM karA sakatA aura phalataH aise anumAna doSapUrNa ho jAte haiM / aise hI azuddha tuoM ko hetvAbhAsa Fallacies of Reason ) kahate haiM / hetu + AbhAsa ( pratIta honevAlA ) = jo hetu nahIM ho para hetu ke samAna dikhalAI par3a rahA ho /

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe niSkarSa ( anta ) kI prApti hotI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki savyabhicAra ko anekAntika kahA jAtA hai / udAharaNa hai sabhI dvipada jIva vicArazIla haiM 404 haMsa dvipada jIva haiM / .. haMsa vicArazIla haiM / yahA~ kA hetu ( dvipada jIva ) sAdhya arthAt 'vicArazIla' se vyApti sambandha nahIM rakhatA, kyoMki dvipada jIva kA sambandha vicArazIla aura avicArazIla donoM se hai / dUsare zabdoM meM yoM kaheM ki 'dvipada jIva' hetu aura 'vicArazIla' ( sAdhya ) meM vyabhicAra sambandha hai / jisa prakAra isa hetu se haMsoM kI vicArazIlatA siddha hotI hai usI prakAra usI hetu se unakI vicArahInatA bhI siddha hotI hai / isI se yaha anekAntika hetu hai / savyabhicAra ke tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM -- ( ka ) sAdhAraNa ( Overwide ) - jaba hetu kI vRtti yA sthiti sAdhya vastu ke abhAvavAle sthAnoM meM bhI ho ( jahA~ sAdhya na ho vahA~ bhI hetu kI prApti ho ) taba sAdhAraNa savyabhicAra hotA hai / udAharaNa ke lie - 'parvata agniyukta hai kyoMki yaha prameya (jJeya ) hai|' isa vAkya meM 'prameyatva' ( hetu ) jo agni ke sAtha dikhalAyA gayA hai vaha agni ke abhAvavAle sthAna ( jaise - tAlAba) meM bhI to rahatA hai-jaise agniyukta padArtha jJeya haiM vaise hI agnihona padArtha bhI to jJeya ho sakate haiM / phala yaha hogA ki 'parvata kI agnihInatA' bhI isI hetu se siddha ho jAyagI / isa prakAra hetu kI vRtti sAdhya aura sAdhyAbhAva donoM sthAnoM meM hai / 'yaha gAya hai kyoMki isakI do sIMgeM haiM' yaha bhI sAdhAraNa udAharaNa hai / ( kha ) asAdhAraNa ( Uncommon ) - jo hetu na to sapakSa meM pAyA jAya na vipakSa meM hI, use asAdhAraNa kahate haiM / aisA hetu kevala pakSa ( Minor term ) meM hI rahatA hai / jaise - zabda nitya hai kyoMki usameM zabdatva hai / yahA~ 'zabdatva' ( hetu ) sAre nitya padArthoM (jaise --- AtmA Adi ) tathA anitya padArthoM (jaise- se-ghaTa Adi ) se pRthak hai / milatA hai to kevala pakSa arthAt zabda meM hI / isI hetu se hama yaha niSkarSa bhI nikAla sakate haiM ki zabda anitya hai / jaba kahIM milatA hI nahIM to nitya aura anitya donoM kA dAvA samAna hai | ( ga ) anupasaMhArI ( Non-Conclusive ) - jisa hetu ko na to anvaya ( samAna ) dRSTAnta mile aura na hI vyatireka ( asamAna Dissimilar ) dRSTAnta hI, anupasaMhArI kahate haiM / jaise- sabhI vastueM kSaNika haiM kyoMki ve prameya haiM / yahA~ samAna aura asamAna dRSTAnta milanA asambhava hai kyoMki 'sabhI vastue~' hI pakSa ke rUpa meM haiM / koI dRSTAnta isase pRthak rahe taba to ? aura pakSa svayaM dRSTAnta hogA hI nahIM / yadyapi yahA~ pakSa kA doSa hai parantu hetu ke kAraNa hI anumAna meM niSkarSa nikalatA hai, ataH yaha bhI hetvAbhAsa hI hai / *

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akSapAva-darzanam 405 (2) viruddha ( Contradictory middle )-jisa hetu kA sambandha sAdhya se bilkula hI na rahe, ulaTe jo sAdhyAbhAva ke dvArA vyApta ho -vahI viruddha hetu hai / aise hetu se sAdhya kI siddhi to hotI nahIM usake abhAva kI siddhi ho jAtI hai arthAt ThIka ulaTA niSkarSa nikalatA hai / 'zabda nitya hai kyoMki yaha utpanna hotA hai'-isa udAharaNa meM 'utpanna honA' ( hetu ) sAdhya (nitya ) kA ThIka viruddha hai, usake zabda kI anityatA hI siddha ho jAyagI / kAraNa yaha hai ki utpatti aura anityatA ( sAdhyAbhAva ) meM vyApti-sambandha hai / isI prakAra ye udAharaNa bhI hoMge-vAyu bhArI hai kyoMki yaha khAlI hai, yaha ghor3A hai kyoMki ise sIgeM haiM, ityAdi / savyabhicAra sAdhya kI siddhi meM asaphala rahatA hai jaba ki viruddha use asiddha kara detA hai yA isake abhAva ko siddha karatA hai| (3) prakaraNasama yA satpratipakSa ( Opposable reason )-jisa hetu se kisI pakSa para kisI sAdhya kA sAdhana ho sake aura dUsare hetu se usI pakSa para ThIka sAdhya ke abhAva kI bhI siddhi ho jAye to vaha hetu prakaraNasama hai / dUsare zabdoM meM usa hetu kA pratipakSI yA virodha karanevAlA hetu bhI rahatA hai jo ulaTI bAta bhI siddha kara sakatA hai| (pratipakSa = pratihetu Counter reason, sat = hai|) prakaraNa kA artha hai prakriyA athavA vicAra / vicAra yA prakaraNa kI jaba AvazyakatA par3atI hai taba vAdI yA prativAdI, jo bhI raheM, apane matalaba kI siddhi ke lie koI hetu rakhate haiM / yadi hetu nirNAyaka ( zuddha ) huA to prakaraNa samApta ho jAtA hai / yadi hetu satpratipakSa huA, hetu kA pratidvandvI hetu sAdhya se ulaTI bAta kI siddhi ke lie taiyAra rahA, taba nirNaya to hogA hI nahIM- prakaraNa calatA rhegaa| isa prakAra prakaraNa ke samAna hI eka aura prakaraNa se AnevAle hetu ko prakaraNasama hetu kahate haiM / udAharaNa ke lie zabda nitya hai kyoMki isameM nityadharma ko prApti hotI hai / to ThIka isI taraha zabda anitya hai kyoMki isameM anityadharma milate haiN| 'nityadharma kA milanA' satpratipakSa hetu hai, kyoMki sAdhyAbhAva kI siddhi karanevAlA pratipakSI hetu bhI taiyAra hai-'anityadharma kA milanA' / anya udAharaNa hai-- zabda nitya hai kyoMki yaha zravaNIya hai, tathA, zabda anitya hai kyoMki yaha kRtaka ( Artificial ) hai / pahalI dazA meM dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM 'zabdatva' diyA jA sakatA hai jaba ki dUsarI dazA meM ghaTa, paTa Adi diye jA sakate haiM / vyApti bhI donoM meM pRthak hogI / ataH 'zravaNIya honA' yaha prathama hetu prakaraNasama yA satpratipakSa hai, kyoMki eka dUsare hetu se sAdhyAbhAva kI siddhi hotI hai / viruddha hetu se sAdhyAbhAva kI siddhi svayaM hI karatA hai, jaba ki satpratipakSa hetu sAdhyAbhAva kI siddhi eka dUsare hetu se karatA hai|

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406 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe(4) asiddha yA sAdhyasama-( Unproved middle )-sAdhya kI siddhi ke lie siddha hetu kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| yadi vaha apane Apa siddha na ho to sAdhya ko kyA siddha karegA, svayameva sAdhya bana jaaygaa| isIlie ise sAdhyasama ( sAdhya ke samAna hI siddhi kI apekSA rakhanevAlA ) kahate haiN| jaba galatI se kisI anumAna-vAkya ( Premise ) meM koI hetu mAna liyA jAtA hai taba asiddha hotA hai| udAharaNa ke lie 'AkAza-kamala meM sugandha hai kyoMki yaha kamala hai, anya kamala jisa prakAra ke haiM / ' yahA~ hetu ( AkAza-kamala ) kI vyAvahArika satA ( Locus standi ) nahIM, kyoMki AkAza meM kamala hotA nhiiN| isake tIna bheda hote haiN| ___(ka) AzrayAsiddha ( Non-existent subject )-'AkAza-kamala sugandhita hai kyoMki isameM kamalatva hai jaise ki sarovara ke kamaloM meM hotA hai' yahA~ Azraya ( subject ) hI asiddha hai jisase hetu ( kamalatva ) vyartha ( Futile ) ho jAtA hai, kyoMki pakSa aura hetu meM koI sambandha nahIM hai| (kha ) svarUpAsiddha ( Non-existent reason )-jaba hetu pakSa ( Minor term ) meM siddha na ho, na rahe, taba svarUpAsiddha hetu hotA hai / jaise--'zabda guNa hai kyoMki yaha cAkSuSa hai jaisA ki rUpa hotA hai / ' yahA~ kA hetu ( cAkSuSatva ) zabda meM nahIM milatA, . kyoMki zabda zravaNendriya se gRhIta (zrAvaNa ) hotA hai / isa taraha kA hetu pakSadharmatA ke jJAna kA virodhI hotA hai| (ga ) vyApyatvAsiddha ( Non-existent concomitance )-jisa hetu meM kucha upAdhi ( Conditon zarta ) lagI huI hotI hai, vahI vyApyatvAsiddha hai / nAma ke anusAra isa prakAra ke hetu meM hetu aura sAdhya ke bIca honevAlI vyApti asiddha rahatI hai| upAdhi sAdhya ko to vyApta karatI hai kintu hetu ko vaha vyApta nahIM kara pAtI / udAharaNa ke lieparvata dhUmavAn hai kyoMki vaha agni se yukta hai / yahA~ 'agniyukta honA' hetu hai jo sopAdhika hai / yahA~ upAdhi hai--Ardra indhana kA saMyoga / dUsare zabdoM meM, agniyukta padArtha tabhI dhUmavAn ho sakate haiM jaba unameM bhIMgA jalAvana ( Fual ) rhe| 'ArTendhanasaMyoga' ( upAdhi ) yahA~ sAdhya ko vyApta karatA hai kintu hetu ( agni ) ko vyApta nahIM kara pAtA / upAdhi ke viSaya meM cArvAka darzana meM hama vistRta vivecanA kara cuke haiM / (5) kAlAtIta yA bAdhita ( False reason )-jahA~ sAdhya ke abhAva kI siddhi kisI dUsare pramANa se ( anumAna ko chor3akara kisI pramANa se ) ho vahA~ bAdhita hetu hotA hai| jaise---agni anuSNa ( zItala ) hai kyoMki yaha dravya hai / yahA~ 'zItalatA' sAdhya hai usakA abhAva uSNatA hai jisakA nirNaya sparzana-pratyakSa se hotA hai| dravyoM ( hetu ) meM kevala eka dravya hI hai ( tejas ) jo uSNa hotA hai / ATha dravyoM ko zItala pAkara koI navama dravya-agni-ko bhI zItala siddha karanA cAhatA hai| parantu anubhava

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amapAra-vasanam 407 ( pratyakSa ) se vaha uSNa siddha ho jAtA hai / dUsarA udAharaNa-cInI khaTTI hai kyoMki isase amlatA utpanna hotI hai|' ___ anumAna meM hetvAbhAsoM kA bar3A mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai, kyoMki vAdI-prativAdI ke zAstrArtha meM hetu yA kAraNa kI zuddhi para dhyAna denA parama Avazyaka hai / sambhava hai ki Upara se dekhane meM hetu zuddha lagatA ho parantu vaha hetvAbhAsa ho / bhAratIya tarkazAstra meM doSoM ke prakaraNa meM kevala hetu kA hI galA pakar3A jAtA hai jaba ki yUnAnI tarkazAstra meM anya padoM ( pakSa, sAdhya ) kI bhI zuddhatA kI parIkSA hotI hai| zabdavRttivyatyayena pratiSedhahetuzchalam / tattrividham / abhidhAnatAtparyopacAravRttivyatyayabhedAt / zabda kI vibhinna vRttiyoM ( artholpAdaka zaktiyoM) ko ulaTakara jisake dvArA kisI kI bAta kA virodha kiyA jAya vaha chala (Quibble ) hai| [ nyAyasUtra ke anusAra, kisI zabda ke vaikalpika arthoM ke AdhAra para vaktA kI ukti kA khaNDana karanA chala hai / vaktA kisI vizeSa artha meM kisI zabda kA prayoga karate hue koI bAta kaha rahA hai / usI samaya chalavAdI usa zabda kA dUsarA artha lagAkara kahatA hai ki aisA kaise hogA ? ] __ chala ke tIna bheda haiM-abhidhAnavRtti ( Convention zakti ) kA vyatyaya ( ulaTanA), tAtparyavRtti ( Purport ) kA vyatyaya tathA upacAravRtti ( lakSaNA Indication ) kA vyatyaya / [ abhidhAnavRtti ke vyatyaya se chala taba hotA hai jaba kisI vAkya meM aisA zabda diyA jAya jisake kaI vAcyArtha yA mukhyArtha hoM tathA usake dUsare artha ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue vAkya kA khaNDana kreN| ise hI nyAyasUtra meM vAkchala ( Quibble of a Term ) kahA gayA hai / jaise koI kahe ki yaha chAtra nava kambala se yukta hai / unake kahane kA abhiprAya hai 'naye kambala se' / aba cUMki 'nava' kA artha nI saMkhyA bhI hai, isalie chalavAdI vAkya kATatA hai ki isake pAsa nava kambala kahA~ se Aye, isa daridra ko to eka bhI kambala durlabha hai / tAtparyavRtti ke vyatyaya se honevAle chala meM eka hI zabda ke tAtparya ke bheda se kaI artha hote haiM tathA eka tAtparyArtha kA dUsare tAtparyArtha se pratiSedha karate haiM / jaisesAmAnya artha ( General sense ) meM koI kahatA hai ki brAhmaNa meM vidyA hotI hai, ava chalavAdI usakA tAtparya yaha samajhakara ki sabhI brAhmaNoM meM niyamata: vidyA hotI hai, isa ukti kA niSedha karatA hai ki brAhmaNa meM vidyA kese sambhava hai, mUrkha brAhmaNa bhI to hote haiM / isa prakAra sAmAnyArtha ko vizeSArtha meM lekara chalavAdI bAta kATatA hai / ise nyAyamatra meM sAmAnyacchala kahA gayA hai / upacAravRtti ke vyatyaya se honevAle chala meM kisI zabda kA 1. sAdhyAbhAva kA nizcaya cUMki pratyakSa se hI ho jAtA hai isalie hetuvAkya kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI, usake uccAraNa ke pUrva hI kArya ho jAtA hai / isa taraha hatu kA kAla ( kAryakAla ) pahale hI bIta jAtA hai aura ise kAlAtIta kahate haiM /

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe lakSyArtha meM prayoga dekhakara chalavAdI use vAcyArtha meM lekara bAteM kATatA / jaise--mazva cillA rahe haiM; isakA lakSyArtha hai ki manca para baiThe hue loga cillA rahe haiM / aba chalavAdI ise vAcyArtha meM hI lekara kahatA hai ki acetana lakar3I ke bane maJca kaise cillA sakate haiM / ] ( 6. jAti aura usake caubIsa bheda ) 46 svavyAghAtakamuttaraM jAtiH / sA caturviMzatidhA / sAdharmyavaidhamryotkarSApakarSavarNyavarNya - vikalpa- sAdhya prAptyaprApti-prasaGga-pratidRSTAntAnutpattisaMzaya - prakaraNa - hetvarthApattyavizeSopapattyupalabdhyanupalabdhi - nityAnitya -kAryasamabhedAt / apane ApakA vinAza karanevAle uttara ko jAti kahate haiM / [ gautama ke anusArasAdharmya yA vaidharmya ke AdhAra para kisI kA virodha karanA jAti hai / jaise koI vAdI kahatA hai ki AtmA niSkriya hai kyoMki yaha AkAza kI taraha vyApaka hai / aba usakA pratipakSI uttara detA hai ki yadi AtmA AkAza kI taraha vyApaka hone ke kAraNa niSkriya hai to vaha ghaTa kI taraha avayavasamUha hone ke kAraNa sakriya kyoM nahIM hai ? vAdI kI ukti meM sAdharmya se vyApti sambandha hai para pratipakSI kI ukti meM nahIM / vyApaka padArtha niSkriya haiM, kintu avayavasamUha ke lie sakriya honA Avazyaka nahIM / ] jAti ke caubIsa bheda haiM - sAdharmyasama, vaidharmyasama, utkarSasama, apakarSasama, varNyasama, avarNyasama, vikalpasama, sAdhyasama, prAptisama, aprAptisama, prasaMgasama, pratidRSTAntasama, anutpattisama, saMzayasama, prakaraNasama, hetusama, arthApattisama, avizeSasama, upapattisama, upalabdhisama, anupalabdhisama, nityasama, anityasama tathA kAryasama | vizeSa- jAti ke caubIsa prakAroM kA varNana gautama ne paJcama adhyAya ke prathama hna meM alaga-alaga sUtroM meM kiyA hai| inameM pratyeka meM 'sama' kA prayoga batalAtA ki jAtiyoM meM sAdharmya Adi kI samAnatA kA pradarzana kiyA jAtA hai - kisI meM vaidharmya kI tulanA hotI hai, kisI meM utkarSa kI, to kisI meM nitya kI hI / ( 1 ) sAdharmya sama jAti meM sAdharmya meM diye gaye udAharaNa se yukta vAda ( Argument ) kA virodha kiyA jAtA hai tathA virodhI pakSa usI prakAra ke udAharaNa kA prayoga karatA hai jisa taraha kA udAharaNa vAdI ne diyA hai / koI vAdI zabda kI anityatA siddha karane ke lie isa prakAra kA vAda rakhatA hai- zabda anitya hai kyoMki yaha utpanna hotA ( kRtaka ) hai, jaise ghaTa / dUsarA vyakti nimna jAti ke dvArA unakA virodha karatA haizabda nitya hai kyoMki yaha amUrta hai, jaise AkAza / vAdI aura virodhI donoM ke udAharaNa eka prakAra ke haiM arthAt sAdharmya ke udAharaNa haiM / vAdI anitya ghaTa ke sAtha zabda kA sAdharmya dikhAkara ( kyoMki donoM kRtaka haiM ) zabda ko anitya siddha karatA hai, pratipakSI nitya AkAza ke sAtha zabda kA sAdharmya dikhAkara ( kyoMki donoM amUrta haiM ) zabda ko

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akSapAda-darzanam 409 nitya siddha karatA hai / donoM ora sAdharmya ke hI udAharaNa haiM / kintu pratipakSI kA virodhapakSa jAti hai kyoMki amUrta ( hetu ) aura nitya ( sAdhya ) meM sAhacarya yA vyApti honA koI Avazyaka nahIM / ( 2 ) vaidharmyasama jAti meM vaidharmya ke udAharaNa se yukta vAda kA virodha pratipakSI karatA hai tathA vaha apane virodha - pakSa meM vaidharmya kA hI udAharaNa detA hai / vaidharmya ke udAharaNa kI samAnatA ke kAraNa ise vaidharmyasama kahate haiM / vAdI kA kathana hai-- zabda anitya hai kyoMki yaha kRtaka ( Product ) hai, jo anitya nahIM, vaha kRtaka nahIM hai, jaise AkAza / aba pratipakSI kahatA hai-- zabda nitya hai kyoMki yaha amUrta hai, jo nitya nahIM vaha amUrta nahIM hai, jaise ghaTa | donoM sthAnoM para vaidharmya ke udAharaNa haiM, jinako lekara samatA hai / vAdI zabda aura anityahIna AkAza ke vaidharmya ke AdhAra para anitya siddha karatA hai jaba ki pratipakSI zabda aura amUrtahIna ( mUrta ) ghaTa ke nitya siddha karatA hai / pratipakSI kA virodha karanA jAti hai donoM jAtiyoM kA uttara bhI ho sakatA hai / gotva ke kAraNa jaise gau kI siddhi hotI hai usI prakAra hetu aura sAdhya kA sambandha bhI sAdharmya yA vaidharmya se siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai aura jAti kA nivAraNa ho sakatA hai ( dekhiye 5 / 1 / 3 ) / zabda ko vaidharmya ke AdhAra para zabda ko / gautama kA kahanA hai ki ina (3) utkarSasama jAti use kahate haiM jaba vAdI kisI udAharaNa ke AdhAra para apanA vAda prastuta kare aura usakA virodha prativAdI kisI adhika utkRSTa vizeSaNoM se yukta udAharaNa ( Example having additional character ) ke AdhAra para kare / jaise; vAdI kA kathana - zabda anitya hai kyoMki yaha kRtaka hai, jaise ghaTa | aba prativAdI kahatA hai----zabda anitya tathA mUrta hai kyoMki yaha kRtaka hai, jaise ghaTa ( jo anitya tathA mUrta bhI hai ) / prativAdI kA yaha tarka hai ki yadi zabda ko ghaTa kI taraha anitya mAnate haiM to ghaTa hI kI taraha vaha mUrta bhI hai / yadi mUrta nahIM mAnate haiM to ghaTa kI taraha anitya bhI na mAneM / yahA~ donoM pakSoM ke vAdoM kI samatA udAharaNa ke utkRSTa guNa ke AdhAra para dikhAI gaI hai / yaha utkRSTa guNa udAharaNa meM hai tathA pakSa ( Subject ) para Aropita huA hai / ( 4 ) apakarSasama jAti use kahate haiM jahA~ vAdI ke dvArA diye gaye udAharaNa se yukta vAda kA virodha pratipakSI vaise vAda se kare jisake udAharaNa meM kucha dharma kA apakarSa dikhAyA jAya / jaise vAdI ke dvArA diye gaye uparyukta udAharaNa meM pratipakSI kahe ki zabda anitya kintu zrAvya hai kyoMki yaha kRtaka hai, jaise ghaTa ( jo anitya to hai para azrAvya hai ) / pratipakSI kA tarka hai ki yadi ghaTa ke AdhAra para Apa zabda ko anitya mAnate haiM to ghaTa kI taraha hI use azrAvya bhI maaneN| yahA~ zrAvyatva-dharma kA apakarSa dikhalAyA gayA hai / ( 5 ) varNyasama jAti meM vAdI ke dvArA diye gaye udAharaNa kA virodha yaha kahakara kiyA jAtA hai ki udAharaNa kA dharma bhI usI prakAra pradarzanIya hai jisa prakAra pakSa kA

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sarvadarzanasaMpahedharma / vAdI kahatA hai-zabda anitya hai kyoMki kRtaka hai, jaise ghaTa / prativAdI dvArA khaNDana hotA hai-ghaTa anitya hai kyoMki kRtaka hai, jaise zabda / prativAdI kA tarka hai ki yadi zabda kI anityatA kA pradarzana kara rahe haiM to udAharaNa ke rUpa meM diye gaye ghaTa kA pradarzana kyoM nahIM karate? donoM hI to kRtaka haiM / zabda kA utpAdana tAlu, oSTha Adi ke vyApAra se hotA hai jaba ki ghaTa kA utpAdana kumbhakAra Adi ke vyApAra se hotA hai| pakSa aura udA-- haraNa donoM kI varNyatA ( Questionable character ) kI samAnatA dikhalAI jAtI hai| (6) avarNyasama jAti kA artha hai ki jaba vAdI ke udAharaNa para yaha Aropa lagAte hue usake vAda kA khaNDana kareM ki pakSI kA dharma udAharaNa ke dharma kI taraha hI avarNanIya yA siddha hai / avarNyasama meM jo vAdI aura prativAdI ke tarka haiM unameM jaba prativAdI yaha kahe ki yadi dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM diye gaye ghaTa meM Apa anityatA ko avarNya yA siddha mAnate haiM to zabda kI anityatA bhI avarNya yA siddha kyoM nahIM mAnate ? donoM hI to utpanna haiM / usakA tAtparya yaha hai ki anityatA siddha karane ke lie kisI vAda ko vyartha mAnA jAya / isa prakAra pakSa aura dRSTAnta meM avarNyatA yA siddhi ko lekara samAnatA hai / (7) vikalpasama jAti vaha hai jisameM prativAdI kisI vAda kA khaNDana karane ke lie pakSa aura dRSTAnta ( udAharaNa ) para vaikalika dharmoM kA Aropa kare / vAdI ke uparyukta vAda para pratipakSI kahatA hai-zabda nitya aura nirAkAra hai kyoMki yaha utpanna hotA hai, jaise ghaTa ( jo anitya aura sAkAra hai ) / prativAdI kA kahanA hai ki ghaTa aura zabda donoM kRtaka haiM kintu eka sAkAra hai dUsarA nirAkAra / isI siddhAnta para eka ( ghaTa) anitya tathA dUsarA ( zabda ) nitya kyoM nahIM mAnA jAya ? donoM pakSoM ke tarkoM kI samAnatA pakSa aura dRSTAnta para Aropita vaikalpika dhamoM ko lekara dikhalAI gaI hai| (8) sAdhyasama jAti vaha hai jisameM pakSa aura dRSTAnta ke pArasparika sambandha ko lekara kisI vAda kA khaNDana ho| vAdI kA kathana hai-zabda anitya hai kyoMki yaha kRtaka hai, jaise ghaTa / prativAdI kahatA hai-ghaTa anitya hai kyoMki yaha kRtaka hai, jaise zabda / zabda aura ghaTa donoM kRtaka hone ke kAraNa siddhi kI apekSA rakhate haiM / zabda ko ghaTa ke dRSTAnta se anitya siddha karate haiM, ghaTa ko zabda ke dRSTAnta se / ghaTa ko zabda ke dRSTAnta se zrAvaNa bhI siddha kara sakate haiN| phala yaha hogA ki nirNaya nahIM hogA-na to nityatA siddha hogI na anitytaa| ataH pakSa aura dRSTAnta meM anyonyAzraya doSa lagAkara nirNaya roka lete haiN| (9) prAptisama jAti use kahate haiM jisameM hetu aura sAdhya ke sahacAra-sambandha para AdhArita vAda kA virodha usI prakAra ke vAda se kiyA jAya / aisI sthiti meM cUki hetu sAdhya se pRthak karake samajhA nahIM jA sakatA, isalie jAti prApti ( sahacAra ) sama kahalAtI hai / vAdI parvata meM agni siddha karane ke lie tarka karatA hai-parvata agni se yukta hai kyoMki vahA~ dhUma hai, jaise rasoIghara meM / aba prativAdI kahatA hai-parvata dhUmavAn hai kyoMki

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akSapAda-darzanam 411 vahA~ agni hai, jaise rasoIghara meM / prativAdI kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki agni aura dhUma ke sambandha kA pArthakya na rahane ke kAraNa dhUma sAdhana hai ki sAdhya, yaha nizcaya karanA kaThina hai / usake anusAra dhUma bhI sAdhana ke rUpa meM rakhA jA sakatA hai / ata: sAdhya aura sAdhana kA sahacAra dekhakara kisI ke vAda ko roka denA prAptisama hai / (10) aprAptisama jAti use kahate haiM jahA~ sAdhya aura sAdhana ke asambandha ke AdhAra para kisI vAda kA virodha kareM / pUrva udAharaNa meM prativAdI kA yaha pUchanA hai ki kyA dhUma ko hetu mAna sakate haiM cUMki vaha agniyukta sthAnoM meM anupasthita hai ? kintu aisA socanA galata hogA / sAdhya ke binA sambandha hue hetu kabhI bhI pakSa kI siddhi nahIM kara sakatA / apanI pahu~ca ke bAhara kI cIjoM ko prakAza prakAzita nahIM kara pAtA / yadi sAdhya se asambaddha hetu sAdhya kI siddhi kara le to agni bhI hetu ho sakatI hai| isa prakAra donoM ke paraspara asambandha se vAdI kI ukti rokI jAtI hai / . ( 11 ) prasaMgasama jAti vahA~ hotI hai jahA~ vAdI kI ukti rokane ke lie vAdI ke dvArA diye gaye sAdhana ( hetu ) kI siddhi ke lie punaH dUsare sAdhana kI AvazyakatA batalAI jAtI hai, punaH usa sAdhana kI siddhi ke lie dUsare sAdhana kI siddhi - - isa prakAra anavasthA kA prasaMga lAyA jAtA hai / vAdI kI ukti - zabda anitya hai kyoMki yaha kRtaka hai, jaise ghaTa / prativAdI pUchatA hai ki ghaTa ko Apa kaise anitya mAnate haiM isake lie dUsare sAdhana kI jarUrata hai / isa prakAra isameM anavasthA kA prasaMga lAkara ' zabda kI anityatA' kI siddhi asambhava kara dete haiM / (12) pratidRSTAntasama jAti taba hotI hai jaba virodhI dRSTAnta dekara vAdI kA virodha kiyA jAya / koI vAdI zabda kI anityatA siddha karane ke lie ghaTa kA dRSTAnta detA hai / to prativAdI usakI nityatA siddha karane ke lie AkAza kA dRSTAnta detA hai yadi AkAza ke dRSTAnta kA khaNDana kareMge to ghaTa ke dRSTAnta kA bhI virodha kiyA jA sakatA hai / - (13) anutpattisama jAti kA artha hai ki jaba taka pakSa kI utpatti nahIM ho jAtI taba taka sAdhya kI siddhi karanevAlA sAdhana kAma meM nahIM lAyA jA sakatA -- isa AdhAra para hI vAdI kI ukti kA virodha kara dete haiM / vAdI kahatA hai-- zabda anitya hai kyoMki yaha prayatna se utpanna hotA hai, jaise ghaTa / aba prativAdI jAti ke dvArA virodha karatA hai - zabda nitya hai kyoMki yaha prayatna se utpanna nahIM hotA, jaise AkAza / prativAdI kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki vAdI kI ukti meM jo 'prayatnotpAdya' ( kRtaka ) hetu diyA gayA hai vaha taba taka kAraNa ( hetu ) ke rUpa meM nahIM diyA jA sakatA, jaba taka pakSa ( zabda ) kI utpatti nahIM hotI / kAraNa yahA~ 'prayatna' hai, kArya 'zabda' / kAraNa ke bAda hI to kArya hotA hai - hetu taba taka zuddha nahIM hogA jaba taka pakSa kI utpatti nahIM ho, para yahA~ diSamatA ho jAtI hai | pakSa abhI AyA nahIM aura udhara pakSa kA hI kAraNa hetu ( prayatna ) rakha diyA gayA / khaNDana kA phala yaha huA ki zabda ko nitya mAnanA par3egA /

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412 sarvadarzanasaMgraha (14) saMzayasama jAti meM vAdI kA virodha isa AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai ki dRSTAnta tathA sAmAnya ( Genus ) donoM ke samAna rUpa se indriyagrAhya (aindriyaka ) hone ke kAraNa, unake nitya aura anitya donoM prakAra kI vastuoM kA sAdharmya dekhakara saMzaya hotA hai / vAdI kI ukti hai ki kRtaka hone se ghaTa kI taraha zabda anitya hai| aba prativAdI saMzaya karatA hai--zabda nitya yA anitya hai kyoMki yaha indriyagrAhya hai, jaise ghaTa yA ghaTatva / prativAdI kahatA hai ki kRtaka hone se kAraNa ( zabda aura ghaTa meM kRtakatva kA sAdharmya dekhakara ) zabda anitya hai jaba ki indriyagrAhya hone ke kAraNa ghaTatva kI taraha zabda nitya hai, yaha saMdeha hotA hai / vAdI kA virodha to huaa| (15) prakaraNasama.vaha jAti hai jisameM donoM pakSoM (nitya aura anitya ) ke sAdharmya ( yA vaidharmya ) se vAdI kA virodha karate haiN| vAdI uparyukta rIti se zabda ko anitya siddha karatA hai jaba ki prativAdI kahatA hai ki zabda nitya hai kyoMki yaha zravaNIya hai jaise zabdatva / prativAdI kahatA hai ki zabda kI anityatA siddha nahIM ho sakatI kyoMki hetu ( zravaNIyatA) zabda tathA zabdatva donoM meM ( jo kramazaH anitya aura nitya haiM) sAdharmya rakhatA hai tathA yaha vahI zAstrArtha Arambha karatA hai jisake sAdhana ke lie isakA prayoga haA thaa| 'zravaNIyatA'-hetu zabda ko anitya siddha karane ke lie prayukta huA aura ulaTe yaha nityAnitya kA vivAda khar3A kara detA hai| (16) hetusama ( yA ahetusama ) jAti meM hetu ko tInoM kAloM meM asiddha karake vAdI kA virodha karate haiM / vAdI kI uktizabda anitya hai kyoMki yaha kRtaka hai jaise ghaTa aba prativAdI kahatA hai ki hetu sAdhya ke pahale huA ki pIche ki sAtha-sAtha ? yadi hetu ( kRtakatva ) sAdhya ( anitya ) ke pahale huA taba to hetu kA nAma hI par3anA kaThina hai / sAdhana ( hetu ) ke samaya yadi sAdhya hI nahIM rahA to sAdhana hogA kisakA ? yadi hetu sAdhya ke bAda AtA hai taba to hetu kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM, kyoMki sAdhya to pahale se hai (= siddha hai ) / yadi hetu aura sAdhya eka hI sAtha AveM taba to gAya kI bAyIM-dAyIM soMga ke samAna sambaddha rahane se sAdhya-sAdhana kA sambandha nahIM raha sakegA / yaha jAti vAstava meM kAraka aura jJApaka hetuoM ko eka samajhane ke kAraNa utpanna hotI hai| (17 ) arthApattisama vaha jAti hai jisameM virodhIdala arthApatti ( anyathA asiddhi) kA AbhAsa ke dvArA vAdI kA khaNDana karatA hai| vAdI ko uparyukta ukti kA virodha prativAdI yoM karatA hai-zabda ko yadi anitya mAnate haiM to artha se hI jJAta hotA hai ki zabda ke atirikta sabhI cIjeM nitya haiN| ghaTa kA dRSTAnta bhI to nitya hI hai phira Apa ise anitya kI siddhi ke lie kyoM rakhate haiM ? taba arthApatti se, zabda nitya hai kyoMki yaha AkAza kI taraha amUrta hai-yaha siddha huaa| (18) avizeSasama jAti vahA~ hotI hai jaba vAdI kA virodha isa AdhAra para karate haiM ki yadi pakSa aura dRSTAnta meM samatA ( avizeSa Absence of difference )

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akSapAda-darzanam 413 hai to sabhI padArthoM ke sAtha bhI samatA ( avizeSa ) dikhalAI jA sakatI hai / yadi zabda ( pakSa ) aura ghaTa ( dRSTAnta ) meM kRtakatva ke calate samatA hai to prameyatva ke calate zabda ke sAtha sabhI padArthoM kI bhI samatA dikhAI jA sakatI hai / taba to saba ke saba padArtha nitya yA anitya kucha bhI kiye jA sakate haiM / (19) upapattisama jAti vaha hai jisameM pRthak-pRthak hetuoM se sAdhya aura usake virodha donoM ko siddhi kI jA sake / yadi kRtaka hone ke kAraNa zabda anitya hai to avayavarahita hone ke kAraNa vaha nitya kyoM nahIM ho sakatA ? pahale vAda meM ghaTa dRSTAnta hogA, dUsare meM AkAza / vAdI kA khaNDana karane ke lie abhAva meM bhI dUsare kAraNoM se ( 20 ) upalabdhisama jAti use kahate haiM jisameM yaha kahA jAtA hai ki Apake dvArA nirdiSTa kAraNa ke ( pratyakSAdi se ) hama sAdhya kA jJAna pA lete haiM / vAdI kI yaha ukti ki parvata dhUma ke kAraNa agnimAn hai, khaNDita ho sakatI hai ki ghUma ke binA bhI Aloka Adi dekhakara hama agni kA patA lagA lete haiM / zabda ko anitya siddha karane ke lie 'kRtakatva' hetu dene kI AvazyakatA nahIM, usake binA bhI havA ke jhakore se per3oM kI DAloM ko TUTate dekhakara zabda kI anityatA siddha hotI hai / zabda huA aura samApta / eka kArya kA eka hI kAraNa hotA hai, aisI dhAraNA hai, isIlie yaha jAti lagatI hai / (21) anupalabdhisama vaha jAti hai jisameM kisI vastu kI anupalabdhi ( NonPercetion apratyakSa ) dekhakara vastu kA abhAva siddha karanevAle vAda kA khaNDana ( jisake viruddha nigamana kI siddhi ) anupalabdhi kI bhI anupalabdhi dikhAkara karate haiM / neyAyika ( vAdI ) kahatA hai ki zabda ko DhaMkanevAlA koI AvaraNa nahIM hai, kyoMki hama use nahIM pAte ( 2 / 2 / 18 ) / aba prativAdI kahatA hai ki AvaraNa hai, kyoMki isake apratyakSa kA pratyakSa nahIM hotA / prativAdI ke anusAra yadi kisI vastu ke apratyakSa se vastu kA abhAva siddha ho jAya to usake apratyakSa kA pratyakSa na hoMne se avazya siddha ho jAyagI / tadanusAra zabda ko anitya nahIM mAneM / vastu kI sattA ( 22 ) nityasama jAti vaha hai jisameM dharma ke nityatva aura anityatva ina do vikalpoM ke dvArA dharmI ko nitya siddha karate hue vAdI kA khaNDana karate haiM / neyAyika siddha karate haiM ki zabda ( dharmo ) anitya hai / aba prativAdI pUchatA hai ki zabda kA yaha anityadharma svayaM nitya hai yA anitya ? yadi nitya hai to dharmI ke binA dharma kI sthiti asambhava hai, isIlie dharmI ( zabda ) kI bhI nityatA mAnanI par3egI / yadi anitya hai to isakA artha yahI huA ki zabda kI anityatA anitya hai arthAt zabda nitya hai / kisI prakAra bhI zabda kI nityatA hI siddha ho jAtI hai / ( 23 ) anityasama jAti vaha hai jaba kucha vastuoM kI samatA dekhakara unameM samAnadharma kI siddhi karake sabhI vastuoM ko anitya mAna leN| yadi kRtaka hone ke kAraNa ghaTa ke

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414 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe sAdharmya se zabda ko Apa loga anitya mAnate haiM to prameyatva ( Knowability ) hone ke kAraNa ghaTa ke sAdharmya se vastueM hI anitya ho jAyeMgI / isa prakAra sabhI vastuoM ko anitya mAnane kA doSa lagA kara jAti ke dvArA zabda kI anityatA kA khaNDana karate haiM / ( 24 ) kAryasama jAti use kahate haiM jahAM kisI prayatna ke aneka kArya ( pariNAma Effect ) dikhAkara kisI vAda kA khaNDana karate haiM / vAdI kahatA hai ki zabda anitya hai kyoMki yaha prayatna kA pariNAma hai / aba prativAdI kahatA hai ki prayatna ke kArya do prakAra ke haiM - ( 1 ) asat vastu kI utpatti, jaise ghaTa aura ( 2 ) pahale se vidyamAna ( sat ) vastu kI abhivyakti - jaise kUpajala / zabda ina donoM meM kisa prakAra kA kArya hai ? pahalI sthiti meM to zabda anitya rahegA kintu dUsarI sthiti meM nityatA A jAtI hai / isa prakAra kArya kI anekatA se zabdAnityatva siddha honA kaThina hai / gautama ne nyAyazAstra ke paMcama adhyAya ke prathama Ahnika meM ina jAtiyoM kI vivecanA karate hue inameM doSoM kI udbhAvanA karane kI vidhi bhI batalAI hai / vizeSa jJAna ke lie vAtsyAyanabhASya dekheM / ( 6. nigrahasthAna aura usake bAIsa bheda ) parAjayanimittaM nigrahasthAnam / tad dvAviMzatiprakAram / pratijJAhAnipratijJAntara- pratijJAvirodha-pratijJAsaMnyAsa - hetvantarArthAntara - nirarthakAvijJAtAthapArthakAprAptakAla - nyUnAdhika punaruktAnanubhASaNAjJAnApratibhA vikSepa-matAnujJA - paryanuyojyopekSaNa-niranuyojyAnuyogApasiddhAnta hetvAbhAsabhedAt / atra sarvAntargaNikastu vizeSastatra zAstre vispaSTo'pi vistarabhiyA na prastUyate / [ kisI zAstrArtha meM ] parAjaya prApta karane ke jo-jo kAraNa haiM unheM nigrahasthAna ( Occasion for rebuke ) kahate haiM / ye bAIsa prakAra ke haiM - pratijJAhAni, pratijJAntara, pratijJAvirodha, pratijJAsaMnyAsa, hetvantara, arthAntara, nirarthaka, avijJAtArtha, ApArthaka, aprAptakAla, nyUna, adhika, punarukta, ananubhASaNa, ajJAna, apratibhA, vikSepa, matAnujJA, paryanuyojyopekSaNa, niranuyojyAnuyoga, apasiddhAnta tathA hetvAbhAsa / yahA~ ina saba ke avAntara bhedoM kA varNana vistAra ke bhaya se prastuta nahIM kara rahe haiM, kyoMki [ nyAya - ] zAstra meM ye acchI taraha se spaSTa kiye gaye haiM / vizeSa - koI vAdI zAstrArtha meM isalie parAsta hotA hai ki vaha nigrahasthAna ke kisI na kisI bheda kI capeTa meM par3a jAtA hai / madhyasthoM ke lie nigrahasthAna bar3e kAma kI cIja hai ki jaba koI zAstrArthI A~khoM meM dhUla jhoMkakara Age bar3hA jA rahA ho to use rokeM /

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akSapAva-darzanam 415 (1) apanI pratijJA kA khaNDana hotA dekhakara usakA niSedha karanevAlI pratijJA mAna lenA pratijJAhAni hai| zabda aindriyaka hone ke kAraNa anitya hai, isa vAda kA virodha prativAdI karatA hai ki sAmAnya bhI to aindriyaka hai para nitya hai aisA sunate hI vAdI kahatA hai ki taba zabda nitya hai / spaSTa rUpa se yaha parAjaya hai / (2) apanI pratijJA kA khaNDana dekhakara dUsarI pratijJA mAna lenA pratijJAntara hai / vAdI kI pratijJA pUrvavat hai, pratipakSI ne usI taraha khaNDana kiyaa| aba vAdI mahAzaya karavaTa badalate haiM--sAmAnya to vyApaka hai, avyApaka zabda anitya hai / spaSTataH apanI pratijJA kA vAdI ne maukA dekhakara saMzodhana kara liyA, para yaha pakar3A jAyagA / ( 3 ) pratijJAvAkya aura hetuvAkya meM virodha hone se pratijJAvirodha hotA hai / dravya guNa se bhinna hai kyoMki isameM rUpa, rasa Adi guNoM se bhinnatA nahIM milatI hai / pratijJAvAkya ke anusAra dravya guNa se bhinna hai jaba ki hetuvAkya ke anusAra dravya guNa se bhinna nahIM / bahudhA mana aura vANI kA sambandha na hone se aisI bAteM nikala par3atI haiM jahA~ hArane kA avasara A jAtA hai / ( 4 ) apanI pratijJA kA khaNDana dekhakara apanI kahI huI bAtoM ko asvIkAra karanA pratijJAsaMnyAsa hai| zabda ke anityaH hone kI pratijJA kA kisI ne acchI taraha khaNDana kiyaa| aba vAdI mahAzaya apanI pratijJA para hI TUTe ki kisane kahA thA ki zabda anitya hai ? maiMne kahA thA ? kabhI nhiiN| (5) sAdhAraNa hetu ke kATa diye jAne para vizeSa prakAra kA hetu denA hetvantara hai / zabda anitya hai kyoMki bAhyendriya se pratyakSa hone yogya hai / aba prativAdI doSa dikhAtA hai ki aisA karane para sAmAnya nAmaka padArtha meM vyAbhicAra hogA arthAt sAmAnya bAhyendriyapratyakSa hai para nitya nahIM / taba hetu meM saMzodhana karane kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai-'sAmAnya se yukta hone para' ( sAmAnyavattve sati ) bAhyendriyapratyakSa hone ke kAraNa ityAdi / sAyaNa kI RgvedabhASyabhUmikA meM mantroM kI prAmANikatA dikhAne ke samaya yA vyApti ke lakSaNa dene meM navyanyAya meM isakA bar3A sundara prayoga huA hai / sUkSmatA ke lie yA zuddhatama lakSaNa dene ke lie isakI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| ( 6 ) kisI prakaraNa meM aprAsaMgika bAteM denA arthAntara hai / koI hetu kA prayoga kare aura hi-dhAtu ( hinoti ) meM tun pratyaya karane se dhAtu ko guNa karake 'hetu zabda kI vyutpatti samajhAne lage, to use nyAya-zAstra meM kyA kaheMge ? bahudhA vaidyarAja kisI roga kA vivecana karane ke pUrva apane vaiyAkaraNa-tattva kA pradarzana avazya karate haiM / yaha aprAsaMgikatA bhI parAjaya kA kAraNa hai / ( 7 ) nirarthaka akSaroM kA prayoga karake tarka karanA nirarthaka nigrahasthAna hai, jaise-kacaTatapa zabda nitya haiM kyoMki ye khachaThathapha se sambaddha haiM, jaise-jaDadaba / ina varNasamUhoM kA koI matalaba nhiiN| (8) jaba vAdI aisA bole ki tIna bAra kahane para bhI na to pariSad ke sadasya (nirNAyakAdi ) samajheM aura na prativAdI hI samajhe to use avijJAtArtha kahate hai / aisA taba hotA hai jaba vAdI zliSTa, asamartha, apratIta yA bhinnabhASA ke zabdoM kA prayoga karatA hai athavA zabdoM kA jaldI-jaldI uccaraNa karatA hai|

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416 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe(9) AkAMkSA, yogyatA Adi se rahita tathA pUrvApara se asambaddha ukti ko apArthaka kahate haiM / koI vyakti parAsta hone ke bhaya se koI upAya na dekhakara bacane ke lie-daza dADimAni, SaDapUpAH ( dasa anAra, chaha pUe) yA Aga se sIMcatA hai Adi-bakane lagatA hai| (10) pratijJA, hetu Adi vAkyoM ko ulaTa-pulaTa kara rakhanA aprAptakAla kahalAtA hai| paJcAvayava anumAna ke niyama kA ullaMghana karanA vAstava meM parAsta honA hai| (11) pratijJAdi avayavoM meM se ekAdha avayava kA prayoga na karanA nyUna kahalAtA hai| (12) eka se adhika hetu yA udAharaNa denA adhika hai| eka hI hetu yA udAharaNa se sAdhya kI siddhi ho jAne para bhI adhika kA prayoga karanevAlA hAregA hii| (13) kisI vAkya ko usI rUpa meM yA prakArAntara se bAra-bAra kahanA punarukta hai| hA~, anuvAda meM koI doSa nahIM / anuvAda vidhi ke dvArA vihita vastu kI AvRtti karane ko kahate haiM ( nyAyasUtra 2 / 1165 ) / (14 ) jaba nirNAyaka loga tIna bAra bolane ko kaheM phira bhI vAdI kucha na bole to ise ananubhASaNa kahate haiM jisase vAdI parAjita mAnA jAtA hai| (15) vAdI yA prativAdI kI ukti ko prativAdI yA vAdI na samajhe kintu madhyastha samajha rahe hoM to use ajJAna kahate haiM / jaba taka zAstrArthI eka dUsare kI bAta nahIM samajheMge taba taka zAstrArtha kareMge hI kaise ? ( 16 ) dUsare dvArA diye gaye uttara ko samajha lene para bhI usakA uttara na denA apratibhA hai / isase bhI parAjaya hotI hai| (17 ) jaba koI zAstrArtho hArane ke Dara se kisI kAma kA bahAnA karake zAstrArtha chor3akara cala de to use vikSepa kahate haiN| jaise zAstrArtha karate-karate koI kahatA hai ki mere zauca kA samaya hai, maiM calA / yadi isake lie paryApta kAraNa ho to koI doSa nhiiN| (18) apane pakSa para doSa Ate dekhakara dUsare pakSa para bhI vahI doSa lagA denA aura apane doSa kA nirAkaraNa na karanA matAnujJA hai| isase vAdI apane ko svIkAra karatA hai, aisA samajhA jAtA hai / vAdI ko kahA gayA haiM ki tUpa cora ho| aba vAdI isakA prativAda karatA nahIM, ulaTe doSa dikhAnevAle ko bhI cora banAtA hai| Aja kA samAja isakA mUrtimAna svarUpa hai| (19) pratipakSI kI parAjaya ho jAne para bhI yadi apanI saralatA se koI usakI upekSA kara de to use paryanuyojyopekSaNa kahate haiN| upekSA karanevAlA bhI daNDanIya hai| ( 20 ) jahA~ kisI kI parAjaya vAstava meM na huI ho kintu 'usakI parAjaya huI' aisA kahanA niranuyojyAnuyoga hai / ( 21 ) yadi koI vyakti kisI siddhAnta kI sthApanA karake vAda ke krama meM usa siddhAnta se haTane lage to use apasiddhAnta kahate haiM / parAsta hone ke bhaya se loga prAyaH apane siddhAntoM kI tilAJjali dekara dUsaroM kI ora jhukane lagate haiM para sIdhe nahIM, prakArAntara se / svArtha kise aceta nahIM karatA ? ( 22 ) hetvAbhAsoM kI capeTa meM par3a jAne se bhI parAjaya kA prasaMga ho jAtA hai / inakA varNana hama kara hI cuke haiN|

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akSapAda-darzanam 417 aba hama abhI taka varNana kiye gaye nyAyazAstrIya padArthoM kI upAdeyatA para vicAra kreN| prameya ke bAraha bhedoM meM jo artha nAmaka bheda hai usake andara hI prameya ko chor3akara anya pandraha padArtha cale Ate haiM, prameyoM meM bhI artha ko chor3akara anya sabhI prameya usake andara hI haiM / sUtrakAra yaha antarbhAva mAnate bhI haiM kintu mokSa ke sAdhana hone ke kAraNa ina saboM ko pRthak-pRthak rakhA gayA hai| mokSa (12) kA artha duHkha se bilkula baca jaanaa| duHkha (11) mRtyu tathA garbhavAsarUpI pretyabhAva (9) se hotA hai| pretyabhAva bhI sukha-duHkha kA phala (10) utpanna karanevAlI pravRtti (7 ) se utpanna hotA hai / pravRtti bhI manogata (6) rAga-dveSa-moha rUpa doSoM (8) se hotI hai / doSa kI hAni zarIra (2), indriya ( 3 ) aura artha ( 4 ) se pRthak rUpa meM AtmA ( 1 ) ke tattva ke jJAna ( 5 ) se hotI hai / isa prakAra ye prameya mokSa ke upayogI haiN| SoDaza padArthoM kI upAdeyatA bhI kama nahIM / prameya ( 2 ) meM ginAye gaye tattvoM kA jJAna prApta karanA hI pramANoM ( 1 ) kA prayojana ( 4 ) hai / pramANoM se sUkSma viSaya ke lae anumAna hI paMcAvayava ( 7 ) se yukta hokara dRSTAnta (5) ke AdhAra para anugrAhaka tarka ( 8) kI sahAyatA se saMzaya ( 3 ) kA nirAkaraNa karake siddhAnta (6 ) ke anusAra nirNaya (9) de sakatA hai / nirNaya bhI pakSa aura pratipakSa kA parigraha karanevAlI kathA ke bhedo meM vAda (10) ke dvArA hI dRr3ha ho sakatA hai / kathA meM bhI jalpa ( 11 ), vitaNDA ( 12 ), hetvAbhAsa (13 ) chala ( 14 ) jAti ( 15) tathA nigrahasthAna (16 ) kA jJAna Avazyaka hai kyoMki ye tyAjya haiM / isa prakAra sUtrakAra ke dvArA dikhalAye gaye sabhI padArthoM kA jJAna mokSa ke lie upayogI hai| aba, ina padArthoM ke sAtha hamArA kyA vyavahAra ho ? jalpa Adi kA prayoga to svayaM karanA hI nahIM cAhie / yadi dUsare prayoga kara rahe haiM to madhyasthoM ko cAhie ki ve unheM doSa dikhAkara roke| yadi pratipakSI ajJAnI, murkha yA haThI ho to mauna dhAraNa karanA hI acchA hai| yadi madhyastha anumati deM to chala Adi kA prayoga karake usa mUrkha ko parAsta kara deN| aisA na hone se janatA samajhegI ki cupa ho jAne ke kAraNa yaha parAsta ho gayA aura pratipakSI kI bAta mAna lene se ajJAnI loga Thage jaayNge|' (7. nyAyazAstra kA nAmakaraNa ) nanu pramANAdipadArthaSoDazake pratipAdyamAne kathamidaM nyAyazAstramiti vyapadizyate ? satyam / tathA'pyasAdhAraNyena vyapadezA bhavantIti nyAyena 1. anyatra kahA gayA duHzikSitakutakAMzalezavAcAlitAnanAH / / zakyAH kimanyathA jetuM vitaNDAdoSamaNDitAH / gatAnugatiko loka: kumAgaM tatpratAritaH / mA gAditi cchalAdIni prAha kAruNiko muniH /

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418 nyAyasya parArthAnumAnAparaparyAyasya sakalavidyA'nugrAhaka tathA sarvakarmAnuSThAnasAdhanatayA pradhAnatvena tathA vyapadezo yujyate / koI pUchatA hai ki isa zAstra meM pramANa Adi solaha padArthoM kA pratipAdana hotA hai phira ise 'nyAyazAstra' kyoM kahate haiM ? zaMkA ThIka hai, para eka niyama hai ki kisI asAdhA - raNa (pradhAna) vastu ke [ nAma para samUha-bhara kA ] nAma par3atA hai - isI niyama se nyAya ko, jisakA dUsarA nAma parArthAnumAna bhI hai, sabhI jJAnoM kA anugrAhaka ( sahAyaka ) hone ke kAraNa tathA sabhI karmoM ke sampAdana kA sAdhana hone ke kAraNa pradhAna hone se vaisA nAma ( vyapadeza ) ThIka hI diyA gayA hai / [ abhiprAya yaha hai ki paMcAvayava vAkyoM se bane hue parArthAnumAna ko nyAya kahate haiM jisase vivakSita kI siddhi ho vahI nyAya hai ( ni + / i + ghaJ ) / isa zAstra meM parArthAnumAna kA pramukha sthAna hai kyoMki isI se sabhI jJAna prApta hote haiM, zAstrArtha calate haiM tathA jaya-parAjaya hotI hai| kisI kI pradhAnatA dekhakara pUre samUha kA nAma vaisA hI rakha dete haiM / parArthAnumAna kA nAma nyAya to hai hI, pUre zAstra ko hI nyAya kahate haiM / ] tathAbhANi sarvajJena - - ' so'yaM paramo nyAyo vipratipannapuruSaM prati pratipAdakatvAt / tathA pravRttihetutvAcca' ( nyA0 sU0 vArtika 1 / 1 / 1 ) iti / pakSilasvAminA ca - - 'seyamAnvIkSikI vidyA pramANAdibhiH padArthaH pravibha jyamAnA sarvadarzanasaMgrahe -- 3. pradIpaH sarvavidyAnAmupAyaH sarvakarmaNAm / azrayaH sarvadharmANAM vidyoddeze parIkSitA // ( nyA0 sU0 bhASya 1|1|1| ) iti / isalie bhAsarvajJa ne kahA hai- 'virodhI vyakti ke sAmane bhI tattva kA pratipAdaka hone ke kAraNa yahI parama nyAya ( mukhya pramANa, nirNAyaka ) hai, usI prakAra isI ( parArthAnumAna) se pravRtti (kriyA ) bhI utpanna hotI hai / ' ( nyAyasUtravArtika 11111 ) 1 pakSilasvAmI ( vAtsyAyana, / pakSa + ilac = pakSa arthAt tattvajJAna kA parigraha karane vAle ) ne bhI kahA hai - yahI AnvIkSikI ( nyAya ) vidyA hai jo pramANa Adi solaha padArthoM meM baMTakara - ( 3 ) yaha sabhI vidyAoM ( jJAnoM ) ke lie dIpaka ke samAna hai, sabhI karmoM kA upAya hai, sabhI dharmo kA Azraya sthAna hai tathA jJAna ke vyAkhyAna meM pUrNataH parIkSita ho cukI hai / ( vAtsyAyanabhASya 1 / 1 / 1 ) / vizeSa -- pratyakSa aura Agama ke dvArA jisa padArtha ko dekha cuke haiM unheM anumAna ke dvArA phira se dekhanA ( parIkSA karanA ) anvIkSA hai arthAt anvIkSA = anumAna ( pratyakSa aura Agama para Azrita ) / anvIkSA ( anumAna ) se jo zAstra calatA hai ( pravRtta hotA hai) vaha AnvIkSikI yA nyAyazAstra hai / ukta zloka meM vAtsyAyana ne nyAya kI bar3I prazaMsA kI hai /

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akSapAda-darzanam 419 (8. apavarga ke sAdhana-nyAya kA dvitIya sUtra ) nanu tattvajJAnAniHzreyasaM bhavatItyuktam / tatra kiM tattvajJAnAdantarameva niHzreyasaM saMpadyate ? netyucyate / kintu tattvajJAnAd 'duHkhajanmapravRttidoSamithyAjJAnAnAmuttarottarApAye tadanantarApAyAdapavargaH' (nyA0 sU0 1 / 1 / 2) iti / tatra mithyAjJAnaM nAmAnAtmani dehAdAvAtmabuddhiH / tadanukUleSu rAgaH / tatpratikUleSu dvessH| vastutastvAtmanaH pratikUlamanukUlaM vA na kiMcidvasvasti / parasparAnubandhitvAcca rAgAdInAM mUDho rajyati, rakto muhyati, mUDhaH kupyati, kupito muhyatIti / ____ Apa kaha cuke haiM ki tattvajJAna se niHzreyasa ( mokSa ) hotA hai to aba yaha batalAiye ki tattvajJAna hone ke bAda hI kyA niHzreyasa mila jAtA hai ? uttara hogA ki nahIM / balki tattvajJAna ke bAda 'duHkha, janma, pravRtti, doSa aura mithyAjJAna-ina saba meM uttarottara kAraNa kA kramazaH vinAza hone para usa kAraNa ke pUrva avyavahita rUpa se vidyamAna ( anantara) kArya kA vinAza hotA hai aura anta meM apavarga ( mokSa ) kI prApti hotI hai|' (nyAyasUtra 1 / 1 / 2) / [duHkhAdi kI zRGkhalA meM eka kArya hai dUsarA kAraNa / duHkha janma ke kAraNa hai, janma pravRtti ke kAraNa, pravRtti doSa ke kAraNa aura doSa mithyAjJAna ke kAraNa / uttarottara vastu ( kAraNa ) ke vinAza se pUrva-pUrva vastu ( kArya) kA vinAza hogA-kAraNAbhAvAtkAryAbhAvaH / mithyAjJAna naSTa hone se isake anantara doSa kA nAza hogA, doSanAza se pravRttinAza, usake bAda janmanAza aura duHkhanAza / 'duHkha se pUrNataH mukta ho jAnA hI to apavarga hai' ( nyAyasUtra 1 / 1 / 22 ) isa prakAra tattvajJAna aura apavarga ke bIca kaI sIr3hiyAM car3hanI par3atI haiM / tattvajJAna se mithyAjJAna kA nAza hotA hai Adi / ] ___ aba mithyAjJAna kA artha hai ki anAtmA arthAt deha Adi ko AtmA mAna lenaa| [ deha Adi = deha, strI, putra, dhana, indriya, mana Adi / ] usake bAda [ dehAdi ke ] anukUla par3anevAle padArthoM meM rAga (prema) utpanna hotA hai tathA usake pratikUla par3anevAle padArthoM meM dveSa hotA hai| kintu vAstava meM AtmA ke pratikUla yA anukUla koI bhI vastu nahIM hai| [ mithyAjJAna ke kAraNa zarIrAdi ke anukUla yA pratikUla par3anevAle padArthoM ko hama yaha kaha baiThate haiM ki amuka vastu merI AtmA ke anukUla hai yA pratikUla hai / AtmA to zarIra, indriya, mana, buddhi aura prANa se bhinna padArtha hai usameM eka doSa laga jAne para usI ke anuSana se dUsare doSa bhI laga jAte haiN| kintu vAstava meM ve AtmA ke svarUpa ke sAtha nahIM haiM, mithyAjJAna hone ke kAraNa doSa bhI AtmA para lagate haiN| yadi kAraNa naSTa ho jAya to doSa bhI apane Apa haTa jaayNge|] ___rAga Adi doSoM ke pArasparika baMdhe rahane ke kAraNa dekhA jAtA hai ki moha se grasta prANI rAga ( Attachment ) dhAraNa karatA hai; rAgayukta prANI moha dhAraNa karatA hai; mUr3ha

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420 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ( moha se grasta ) krodha karatA hai, kodhagrasta moha karatA hai aadi| [ vAtsyAyana kahate haiM ki isI mithyAjJAna se rAga aura dveSa utpanna hote haiN| rAga-dveSa kA adhikAra hone se asatya, IrSyA, mAyA ( kapaTAcAra ), lobha Adi bhI doSa kahalAte haiM / doSoM se bhara jAne para zarIra, vANI yA mana meM pravRtti jAgatI hai jisase nAnA prakAra kI kriyAeM utpanna hotI haiM / pravRti accho bhI hotI hai ( jisase dharma hotA hai ), burI bhI (jisase adharma hotA hai ) / pravRtti ke sAdhana dharma aura adharma ko bhI pravRtti zabda meM hI rakhate haiN| aba isa pravRtti se nindita yA pUjita janma milatA hai| zarIra, indriya, buddhi ke nikAya ( samUha ) se bane hue prAdurbhAva ko hI janma kahate haiM / janma se duHkha hotA hai| mithyAjJAna se lekara duHkha taka jo bhI dharma haiM ve avicchinna haiM / jinakA pravartana hI saMsAra hai| inakA vinAza hone para apavarga milatA hai / nIce zeSa dharmoM kI vyAkhyA ho rahI hai|] tatastairdoSaiH prerita prANI pratiSiddhAni zarIreNa hiMsAsteyAdIni Acarati / vAcA anRtAdIni / manasA paradrohAdIni / seyaM pAparUpA pravRttiradharmaH zarIreNa prazastAni daanprpritraannaadiini| vAcA hitasatyAdIni / manasA ajighAMsAdIni / seyaM puNyarUpA prvRttidhrmH| seyamubhayo prvRttiH| pravRtti-taba una doSoM ( rAga-dveSAdi ) se prerita hokara prANI niSiddha kAryoM meM zarIra se hiMsA, steya ( corI ) Adi kArya, vANI se jhUTha bolanA Adi tathA mana se paradroha Adi AcaraNa karatA hai| to yaha pravRtti pApa kI hai jise adharma kahate haiM / aba prazasta kAryoM meM zarIra se dAna, dUsaroM kI rakSA Adi karanA, vANI se hitakara bAteM bolanA, satya bolanA Adi, mana se kisI kI hiMsA na karane kI icchA Adi / yaha puNya kI pravRtti hai aura ise hI dharma kahate haiM / isa prakAra ina donoM rUpoM (dharma aura adharma) meM pravRtti hI hai| [ ina paMktiyoM meM vAtsyAyana-bhASya kI AtmA gUMja rahI hai| vahIM se mAdhava ne bhAva liye haiN|] tataH svAnurUpaM prazastaM ninditaM vA janma punaH zarIrAdeH prAdurbhAvaH / tasmin sati pratikUlavedanIyatayA bAdhanAtmakaM duHkhaM bhavati / na pravRttasya duHkhaM pratyApadyata iti kshcitprpdyte| ta ime mithyAjJAnAdayo duHkhAntA avicchedena pravartamAnAH saMsArazabdArtho ghaTIcakravanniravadhiranuvartate / __ yadA kazcitpuruSadhaureyaH purAkRtasukRtaparipAkavazAdAcAryopadezena sarvamidaM duHkhAyatanaM duHkhAnuSaktaM ca pazyati, tadA tatsarva heyatvena budhyate / tatastannirvartakamavidyAdi nivrtyitumicchti| tannivRttyupAyazca tatvajJAnamiti / usake bAda apane anurUpa prazasta yA nindita janma hotA hai arthAt punaH zarIra Adi ( zarIra, indriya, buddhi, mana, prANa ) kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| [ zarIrAdi-saMyukta ] janma mila

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akSapAda-darzanam 421 jAne para duHkha hotA hai jisameM pratikUla ( mana ke viruddha ) vedanA yA anubhava hotA hai aura bAdhA milatI hai ( hamArI icchA ke viruddha hai)| aisA koI nahIM mAnegA ki jo vyakti pravRtta nahIM hotA use duHkha kI prApti hogii| [pravRtti ke abhAva meM AvRtti nahIM hotI, duHkha kI sambhAvanA bhI nahIM rahatI / isa dazA meM duHkha kA anubhava nahIM hotA / ] to, mithyAjJAna se lekara duHkha taka-ye sAre dharma avicchinnaM ( vinA ruke hue ) rUpa se calate rahate haiM tathA 'saMsAra' zabda kA artha bhI yahI hai ki ghaTIcakra ( rehaTa ) kI taraha lagAtAra calatA rahatA hai ( saMsaratIti saMsAraH ) / jaba koI puruSazreSTha apane purAkRta (pUrvajanma meM ajita ) puNyoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa AcArya ke upadeza se isa samUce saMsAra ko duHkha kA Ayatana ( samUha ) evaM duHkha se paripUrNa dekhatA hai to ina sabhI vastuoM ko heya ( tyAjya ) samajhatA hai / usake bAda isa saMsAra ko utpanna karanevAle (nirvartaka ) kAraNoM jaise, avidyA Adi ko haTAnA cAhatA hai| unakI nivRtti kA upAya tattvajJAna hI hai| ___ kasyaciccatasRbhividhAbhivibhaktaM prameyaM bhAvayataH samyagdarzanapadavedanIyatayA tattvajJAnaM jaayte| tattvajJAnAnmithyAjJAnamapaiti / mithyAjJAnApAye doSA apayAnti / doSApAye pravRttirapeti / pravRttyapAye janmApati / janmApAye duHkhamatyantaM nivartate / sA Atyantiko duHkhanivRttirapavaH / nivRtte rAtyantikatvaM nAma nivartyasajAtIyasya punastatrAnutpAda iti / tathA ca pAramarSa sUtram-duHkhajanmapravRttidoSamithyAjJAnAnAmuttarottarApAye tadanantarApAyAdapavargaH (nyA0 sU0 1 / 12) iti / __ jo vyakti cAra vidhAoM ( prakAroM = uddeza, lakSaNa, parIkSA, vibhAga ) meM bAMTakara prameya kI bhAvanA ( jJAna ) karatA hai usameM tattvajJAna arthAt samyak darzana utpanna hotA hai / tattvajJAna hone se mithyAjJAna dUra hotA hai| mithyAjJAna ke haTane para doSa dUra hote haiM / doSoM ke naSTa hone para pravRtti naSTa hotI hai / pravRtti ke dUra hone para hotA janma kA vinAza hotA hai janma ke apAya ke bAda duHkha kI Atyantika (pUrNa rUpa se ) nivRtti hotI hai / duHkha kI yaha Atyantika nivRtti hI apavarga hai / nivRtti tabhI Atyantika kahalAtI hai jaba nivRtta honevAle ( duHkha ) ke sajAtIya [ kisI bhI dUsare duHkha ] kI phira vahA~ utpatti na ho / isIlie paramarSi gautama kA sUtra hI hai-duHkha, janma, pravRtti, doSa aura mithyAjJAna, inameM uttarottara vastu kA apAya hone para, usake anantara ( pUrva-pUrva ) kI vastu kA apAya hotA hai tathA anta meM apavarga milatA hai|' ( nyAya sU0 1 / 1 / 2 ) / 1. dUsare vicAra se duHkha, duHkha-hetu, duHkhanirodha ( mokSa ) tathA mokSopAya-ya cAra prakAra haiN|

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ( 9. mokSa kA svarUpa -- mAdhyamika mata ) nanu duH khAtyantocchedo'pavarga ityetadadyApi kaphoNiguDAyitaM vartate / tatkathaM siddhavatkRtya vyavahriyate iti cet-maivam / sarveSAM mokSavAdinAmapavargadazAyAmAtyantikI duHkhanivRttirastItyasyArthasya sarvatantrasiddhAntasiddhatayA ghaNTApathatvAt / tathA hi-Atmocchedo mokSa iti mAdhyamikamate duHkhocchedo'stItyetAvattAvadavivAdam / 422 koI zaMkA karatA hai - apavarga kA jo lakSaNa Apane diyA hai ki yaha duHkha kI Atyantika nivRtti hai yaha to Aja taka kehunI ( Elbow, hAtha ke bIca kA bhAga ) ko gur3a samajhane kI bhUla ke barAbara hI hai ( = asiddha yA niSphala hai ) / [ jaise kehunI meM gur3a nahIM hai kintu koI bhUla se usakA AsvAdana karane lage usI prakAra mokSa kA svarUpa asiddha hai / ] to Apa loga siddha kI taraha use mAnakara kyoM prayoga kara rahe haiM ? uttara meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki sabhI mokSavAdI ( mokSa mAnanevAle, isakA lakSaNa karanevAle ) to mAnate haiM ki apavarga kI dazA meM duHkha kA Atyantika vinAza ho jAtA hai - isa prakAra yaha bAta sabhI tantroM ke siddhAnta se siddha hone ke kAraNa ghaNTApatha ( rAjamArga, hAthI Adi jahA~ ghaMTe kI dhvani karate hue caleM ) kI taraha [ prazasta aura pratiSThita ] hai / ise yoM dekheM - mAdhyamika ( bauddhoM ) ke mata se to AtmA kA vinAza kara denA hI mokSa hai, isa prakAra [ unake mata meM bhI ] duHkha kA nAza hotA hai, itanA to nirvivAda hai / atha manyethAH - zarIrAdivadAtmA'pi duHkhahetutvAducchedya iti tantra saMgacchate / vikalpAnupapatteH / kimAtmA jJAnasantAno vivakSitastadatirikto vA ? prathamena vipratipattiH / kaH khalvanukUlamAcarati pratikUlamAcaret ? dvitIye tasya nityatve nivRtti razakyavidhAnaiva / anityatve pravRttyanupapattiH / vyavahArAnupapattizvAdhikaM dUSaNam / na khalu kazcitprekSAvAnAtmanastu kAmAya sarvaM priyaM bhavatIti sarvataH priyatamasyAtmanaH samucchedAya prayatate / sarvo hi prANI sati dharmiNi mukta iti vyavaharati nanu / aba yadi Apa mAnate hoM ki zarIra Adi kI taraha AtmA bhI duHkha kA kAraNa hai aura isIlie usakA uccheda ( vinAza ) honA cAhie; to yaha ThIka nahIM / [ zaMkA karanevAle yaha kahate haiM ki mAdhyamika bauddhoM kI samatA karane se naiyAyikoM ko bhI 'Atmoccheda hI mokSa hai' yaha mAnanA pdd'egaa| para naivAvika pahale hI kaha cuke haiM ki mAdhyamikoM kI ukti se hameM yahI lenA hai ki ve bhI duHkhocche ko mokSa mAnate haiM | AtmocchedavAle pakSa kA to hama khaMDana kreNge| AtmA kA uccheda mAnane para ] ina donoM vikalpoM kI asiddhi ho jaaygii| acchA yaha ki AtmA ko Apa jJAnasaMtAna ( Successive.

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akSapAda-darzanam 423 cognition ) mAnate haiM yA usase kucha bhinna ? [ vikalpa ye haiM-AtmA kA artha kyA jJAna kA pravAha hai yA jJAnapravAha se bhinna usakA Azraya ?] yadi pahalI bAta hai (ki AtmA kA , artha jJAna hai ) to koI jhaMjhaTa nahIM hai| kauna aisA mUrkha hogA jo usake anukUla bAta karane vAle pakSa ke viruddha apane AcaraNa dikhAyegA? [ tAtparya yaha hai ki AtmA ko jJAna mAnane se Atmoccheda kA artha jJAnoccheda ho jAyagA, jo neyAyikoM meM anukUla hI hai| mokSa meM ye jJAna-nAza mAnate hI haiN| neyAyikoM kA siddhAnta hai ki mokSa meM jIva kI sthiti prAyaH pASANa kI taraha ho jAtI hai / jaba mAdhyamika loga neyAyikoM ke pakSa meM hI bola rahe haiM, taba unakA khaNDana karane kI mUrkhatA kauna kare ?] ____yadi dUsarI bAta hai ( ki AtmA kA artha jJAna kA Azraya hai ), to yadi vaha nitya huI to usakI nivRtti (vinAza ) kA vidhAna karanA asambhava hai| yadi anitya huI to bhI [ 'usake vinAza ke lie kisI vyakti meM ] pravRtti utpanna nahIM hogii| eka aura doSa hogA ki [ 'amuka vyakti mukta huA' isa prakAra kA ] vyavahAra bhI loka meM nahIM cala sakatA / 'AtmA kI prasannatA ke lie hI sArI vastue~ priya lagatI haiN| isalie jo AtmA saMsAra meM sabase adhika priya hai, usake vinAza ke lie kauna buddhimAna vyakti prayatna karegA? [ isalie Atmoccheda kI pravRtti hogI ho nahIM / ] dUsarI ora, sabhI prANI, dharmI (AtmA ) ke rahane para hI to usakA mokSa huA, aisA vyavahAra karate haiM ? [ kahane kA yaha abhiprAya hai ki jaba hama kahate haiM ki zuka mukta hue, vAmadeva mukta hue to usa ukti ke pIche yaha tAtparya hai-mokSa dharma hai, isakA Azraya dharmI ( AtmA ke rUpa meM ) koI avazya hai| yadi mokSa ho jAne para AtmA kA vinAza ho jAtA to aisA vyavahAra kabhI nahIM karate ki amuka mukta huA / satya to yaha hai ki vyavahAra se pratIta hotA hai ki mukta hone para bhI AtmA kI sattA rahatI hai| (9 ka. mokSa ke viSaya meM vijJAnavAdiyoM kA mata ) minivRttI nirmalajJAnodayo mahodaya iti vijJAnavAdivAde sAmagraghabhAvaH sAmAnAdhikaraNyAnupapattizca / bhAvanAcatuSTayaM hi tasya kAraNamabhISTam / tacca kSaNabhaGgapakSe sthiraikAdhArAsambhavAt laGghanAbhyAsAdivat anAsAditaprakarSa na sphuTamabhijJAnamabhijanayituM prabhavati sopaplavasya jJAnasantAnasya baddhatve nirupaplavasya ca muktatve yo baddhaH sa eva mukta iti sAmAnAdhikaraNyaM na sNgcchte| dharmI ( jJAna kA Azraya = AtmA ) kI nivRtti ho jAne para nirmala jJAna kA udaya honA hI mahodaya ( mokSa ) hai-vijJAnavAdiyoM ke isa mata meM hamArI yaha Apatti hai ki isameM eka to kAraNa-sAmagrI ( sAdhana ) nahIM hai; dUsare donoM dazAoM kA samAnAdhikaraNa ( ekAdhAra ) honA bhI siddha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| [vijJAnavAdI mAnate haiM ki jJAna isameM eka to kAraNa sAmagrI sAdhana

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe svabhAvata: nirmala tathA kSaNika hai / jJAna isalie malayukta ho jAtA hai ki usase usake dhamoM yA Azraya AtmA kA saMsarga hotA hai / jaba Azraya kI nivRtti ho jAyagI taba apane Apa nirmala jJAna kSaNa-kSaNa meM utpanna hone lagatA hai / para isa prakAra ke mokSa meM do doSa naiyAyikoM ko dikhalAI par3ate haiM - paryApta sAdhana kA abhAva tathA samAnAdhikaraNa na honA / ] [ hamArI prathama Apatti ke uttara meM yadi ye uttara deM ki nirmala jJAnodaya ke ] kAraNa ke rUpa meM hama cAra bhAvanAoM ( sarva duHkhaM, kSaNikaM, svalakSaNaM, zUnyam ) ko mAnate haiM to hama kaheMge ki isa sthiti meM jaba bauddhoM kA kSaNa-bhaMga pakSa mAna leMge to koI bhI AdhAra sthira nahIM ho sakatA / [ jaba kSaNa-kSaNa meM jJAna badala rahA hai to usakA AdhAra kaise sthira ho sakatA hai, AtmA ( Azraya ) bhI to sthira nahIM ho sakatI / ] jaise bIca-bIca meM chor3akara abhyAsa karane se adhyayana prakRSTa nahIM ho sakatA usI taraha [ kisI eka sthira AdhAra ke abhAva meM chiTapuTa ho jAne se ye bhAvanAe~ bhI ] prakRSTa nahIM ho sakatIM / phala yaha hogA ki ye bhAvanAe~ kisI bhI nizcita ( sphuTa ) jJAna yA tattvajJAna kA utpAdana nahIM kara sakatIM / [ jaba taka bhAvanA prakRSTa na ho usase abhijJAna ho nahIM sakatA / sAmAnya bhAvanA se kucha nahIM hotA / jaise kisI sphuTa lakSaNa se rahita maNi ko dekhane para bhI, 'yaha maNi hai ' kevala itanA kaha dene se, maNitva kI bhAvanA hone para bhI pratyabhijJA nahIM ho sakatI | bAra-bAra dekhane ke vAda prakRSTa bhAvanA hotI hai aura taba kisI vastu ko pahacAnA jA sakatA hai / chor3a-chor3a kara yA laMghana karake abhyAsa karane se jJAna kA prakarSa nahIM hotaa| usI prakAra kSaNa-kSaNa meM vadalanevAle jJAna se prakarSa nahIM hotA - aisI bhAvanA jAna nahIM de sakatI / isalie duHkha, kSaNika, svalakSaNa aura zUnya ke rUpa meM pratyanA nahIM ho sktii| phala yaha huA ki mokSa kI sAmagrI ( sAdhana ) bhAvanA nahIM hai / koI bhI sAdhaka tattvajJAna ko utpanna nahIM kara sakatA / ] 424 -- dUsare, upaplava ( svAbhAvika kleza, mala) se yukta jJAna kA pravAha baddha kahalAtA hai jaba ki upalabdha se rahita jJAna pravAha mukta hotA hai - aisI dazA meM 'jo baddha thA vahI mukta huA aisA samAnAdhikaraNa honA sambhava hI nahIM / [ mukta kI dazA meM samAnAdhikaraNa honA bahuta Avazyaka hai - jo vaddha huA thA use hI mukta honA cAhie / kintu yahA~ to jo jJAna vA va yA vaha dUsarA hai| mukta honevAlA jJAnapravAha dUsarA hI hai| isa prakAra vijJAnavAriyoM kA mokSa bhI ThIka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / ] ( 10. jainoM ke mata se mokSa kA vicAra ) AvaraNa muktirmuktiriti janamatAbhimato'pi mArgo na nisargato nirala: / aGga, bhavAnpRSTo vyAcaSTAM kibhAvaraNam / dharmAdharmabhrAntaya iti 1. anena kA 'ur3anA' artha lekara samajhAyA hai ki ur3ane kI kalA meM bhI hotA hai jaba abhyAsa kiyA jAya / usI prakAra bhAvanA kI AvRtti se AtI hai|

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akSapAda-darzanam cet -- iSTameva / atha dehamevAvaraNam / tathA ca tannivRttau paJjarAnmuktasya zukasyevAtmanaH satatordhvagamanaM muktiriti cet - tadA vaktavyam / 'AvaraNoM ( vyAghAta, bAdhA, rukAvaTa ) se mukta ho jAnA hI mukti hai' - jainasiddhAnta se sammata yaha mArga bhI svabhAvataH pratibandha - rahita nahIM hai / mahAzaya, Apase ( jainoM se ) hama pUchate haiM, batalAveM to- AvaraNa kyA hai ? yadi ve kaheM ki hama dharma, dharma aura bhrAnti ko AvaraNa mAnate haiM taba to hamArI bAta kA hI samarthana hogA / yadi deha ko AvaraNa mAnate hue usakA vinAza ho jAne para piMjar3e se chUTe hue sugge kI taraha AtmA kA lagAtAra Upara jAte rahanA hI mukti samajhate haiM to aba hamArI bAta kA uttara dIjiye / 425 kimayamAtmA mUrto'mUrto vA ? prathame niravayavaH sAvayavo vA ? niravayavatve niravayavo mUrtaH paramANuriti paramANulakSaNApattyA paramANudharmavadAtmadharmANAmatIndriyatvaM prasajet / sAvayavatve yatsAvayavaM tadanityamiti pratibandhabalenAnityatvApattau kRtapraNAzAkRtAbhyAgamau niSpratibandhau prasare tAm / amUrtatve gamanamanupapannameva / calanAtmikAyAH kriyAyAmUrtatvapratibandhAt / - kyA yaha AtmA mUrta hai yA amUrta ? yadi mUrta hai to avayavoM se rahita hai / yA sAvayava hai ? yadi AtmA para paramANu ke lakSaNa kA ApAdana ho jAyagA tathA jisa prakAra paramANu ke dharma atIndriya haiM AtmA ke dharma bhI atIndriya ho jAyeMge / yadi AtmA avayavayukta ho to 'jo padArtha sAvayava hotA hai vaha anitya hai' isa prakAra vyApti ( pratibandha ) kI sthApanA hone se yaha ( AtmA ) anitya ho jAyagI aura binA kisI rukAvaTa ke 'kRta-praNAza' tathA 'akRtAbhyAgama' ye donoM doSa cale AyeMge / [ yadi AtmA anitya ho jAtI hai to isakI nivRtti bhI hogI tathA jo kAma isane kiyA thA / usakA phala nivRtti hone ke sAtha-sAtha ho naSTa ho jAyagA / isa prakAra kRta-praNAza hogaa| jo kAma AtmA ne nahIM kiyA thA usakA phala ise milane lagegA / acchA yA burA phala jo kisI AtmA ko bhoganA par3egA vaha usake pUrvajanma meM kiye gaye karmoM kA to phala nahIM he / yahI 'akRtAbhyAgama' doSa hai / ye doSa saMsAra ke karma siddhAnta ke viruddha haiM | ] aba yadi ve AtmA ko amUrta mAneM to usakA gamana ( Urdhvagamana) hI kaise hogA ? calane kA kAma aisA hai jo kisI mUrta padArtha se hI ho sakatA hai / [ pratibandha = vyApti | mUrta ke sAtha hI calana-kriyA kI vyApti sambhava hai / ] ( 11. cArvAka aura sAMkhya-mata meM mokSa 'pAratantryaM bandhaH, svAtantryaM mokSaH' iti cArvAkapakSe'pi svAtantryaM duHkhanivRttizcet- avivAdaH / aizvaryaM cet -- sAtizayatayA sadRkSatayA ca prekSAvatAM nAbhimatam /

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426 sarvadarzanasaMgrahecArvAka kA pakSa hai ki paratantratA bandhana hai aura svatantratA mokSa / isa mata meM bhI yadi 'svatantratA' se duHkha kI nivRtti samajhate haiM to hamArA unase koI vivAda nahIM [kyoMki hama bhI duHkha kA uccheda hI mukti mAnate haiM / ] kintu yadi ve 'svatantratA' kA artha aizvarya lete haiM to koI bhI buddhimAna vyakti ise svIkAra nahIM karegA, kyoMki ezvarya ko koI pAra kara sakatA hai yA usake samAna bana sakatA hai| mokSa aisA honA cAhiye ki usase koI bar3he nahIM, aura na hI koI usake samAna bane / dUsare zabdoM meM parama puruSArtha ko niratizaya tathA nirupama honA caahie| parantu ezvarya kA atizaya ( pAra ) kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki vaha pArthiva hai / rAjA ke aizvarya se bhI dUsare rAjA kA aizvarya bar3ha sakatA hai| aizvarya kI samakakSatA bhI ho sakatI hai / ataH aisA ezvaryAtmaka mokSa nahIM cAhie / ] prakRtipuruSAnyatvakhyAtI prakRtyuparame puruSasya svarUpeNAvasthAnaM muktiriti sAMkhyAkhyAte'pi pakSe duHkhocchedo'styeva / vivekajJAnaM puruSAzrayaM prakRtyAzrayaM vetyetAvadavaziSyate / tatra puruSAzrayamiti na zliSyate / puruSasya koTasmyAvasthAnanirodhApAtAt / nApi prakRtyAzrayaH / acetntvaattsyaaH| kiM ca prakRtiH pravRttisvabhAvA nivRttisvabhAvA vA ? aadhe'nirmokssH| svabhAvasyAnapAyAt / dvitIye saMprati saMsAro'stamiyAt / / 'prakRti ( jar3avarga kA acetana triguNAtmaka mUla kAraNa ) aura puruSa ( jIva ) ke bheda kA jJAna ( khyAti ) ho jAne para, prakRti ke haTa jAne para, puruSa kA apane rUpa meM avasthita honA hI mukti hai'-sAMkhya-darzana ke isa pakSa meM duHkha kA uccheda to hotA hI hai / ava vivAda karane ke lie bacA hai to itanA hI ki yaha vivekajJAna puruSa para Azrita hai yA prakRti para ? unameM vivekajJAna kA puruSa para Azrita honA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki sAMkhya puruSa ko kUTastha ( mUla rUpa meM sadA eka ) rUpa meM avasthita mAnA jAtA hai jisakA nirodha ho jAyagA / [ puruSa ko avikRta mAnate haiN| yadi use vivekajJAna hotA hai to isakA yahI tAtparya hai ki pahale yaha ajJAna meM lipta thaa| phira avikRta kaise rahA ? ] vivekajJAna ko prakRti para Azrita bhI nahIM mAna sakate, kyoMki vaha acetana hai / ____ acchA aba yaha batalAyeM ki prakRti kA svabhAva pravRtta honA hai yA nivRtta honA ? yadi isake svabhAva meM pravRtti hai taba to isakA mokSa ho nahIM sakatA, kyoMki svabhAva chUTatA nahIM [ aura jaba taka pravRtti rahegI taba taka mokSa nahIM hogaa| ] yadi isake svabhAva meM nivRtti hai to isI samaya saMsAra kA asta ho jAyagA / ( 11 ka. mImAMsA-mata se mukti-vicAra ) nityaniratizayasukhAbhivyaktirmuktiriti bhaTTasarvajJAdyabhimate'pi duHkhanivRttirabhimatava / paraMtu nityasukhaM na prmaannpddhtimdhyaaste| zrutistatra

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akSapAda-darzanam pramANamiti cet-na / yogyAnupalabdhibAdhite tadanavakAzAt / avakAze vA grAvaplave'pi tathAbhAvaprasaGgAt / 427 bhaTTa sarvajJa ( kumArila ) Adi ke mata se nitya aura niratizaya ( sarvocca ) sukha kI abhivyakti hI mukti hai / inheM bhI duHkha kI nivRtti abhimata hI hai [ kyoMki thor3A bhI 'duHkha rahane se sukha niratizaya nahIM raha sakatA / ] lekina mokSa hone para nityasukha kI prApti hotI hai, yaha pramANoM se siddha nahIM ho sakatA / yadi Apa kaheM ki isameM zrutipramANa hai, vahA~ nahIM lagAyA jA sakatA jahAM yogya ( ucita ) anupalabdhi se viSaya kA khaNDana hotA ho / yadi zruti -pramANa lagAyA gayA ho to 'patthara terate haiM' isa taraha ke vAkyoM meM bhI [ mukhyArthaM lekara hI inakI ] prAmANikatA svIkAra karanI par3egI / vizeSa - nitya aura niratizaya sukha ke prakAzana ko mokSa mAnanevAle mImAMsakoM kI bAta meM naiyAyikoM ko apanI bAta kI puSTi to mila jAtI hai ki mukti meM duHkhoccheda ho jAtA hai para 'nityasukha' kA prayoga unheM khaTakatA hai| mImAMsaka loga kaha sakate haiM ki 'so'znute sarvAnkAmAnsaha brahmaNA vipazcitA' ( tai0 211 ) Adi veda - vAkya prAmANika haiM jahA~ mokSa hone para sabhI kAmanAoM kI prApti kA varNana hai / to sukha svIkArya hI hai; para unheM yaha jAnanA cAhie ki zruti meM pratipAdita hone para bhI jisa viSaya kA abhAva mile, jo viSaya bAdhita ho - vaise sthAnoM para zrutiyA~ pramANa nahIM hotIM / tAtparya yaha hai ki vahA~ zrutiyoM kA mukhyArtha nahIM liyA jA sakatA / gauNArtha meM vaise vAkyoM kA upayoga hotA hai / 'AtmanaH AkAzaH saMbhUtaH' ( tai0 211 ) meM AkAza kI utpatti kA varNana hai | aba prazna hogA ki avayava-rahita AkAza kI utpatti kaise sambhava hai ? ataH yaha artha bAdhita ho gayA to utpatti kA artha ( gauNArtha ) hameM lenA hogA - abhivyakti / usI prakAra mokSAvasthA meM zarIra aura indriyoM kA sambandha na hone ke kAraNa sukha kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI / yaha viSaya bAdhita ho gayA / gauNArtha lenA cAhie / sarva kAmoM kI avApti = sarva kAmoM kI avApti kA abhAva / mokSa meM jaba zarIra aura indriyA~ hI nahIM haiM to kAma kI prApti yA aprApti kyA hogI ? isalie aprApti kA abhAva hI mAnanA par3egA / dUsare, usa vAkya meM 'saha aznute' kA prayoga hai| saha kA artha hotA hai eka hI sAtha / sabhI indriyoM se sabhI viSayoM kA eka hI sAtha bhoga karanA kabhI sambhava nahIM / mana to aNu hai, vaha eka bAra meM eka hI viSaya se sambaddha ho sakatA hai / ataH hameM kisI bhI dazA meM zrutivAkya kA gauNArthaM hI mAnanA par3egA / yadi zruti meM gauNArtha na mAnakara haTha se mukhyArtha hI mAneMge to 'plavante grAvANa:' ( patthara te rate haiM, Sar3avaMza brAhmaNa 5 / 12 ) aise vAkyoM kA bhI mukhyArtha hI pramANa mAnanA par3egA / sabhI matoM kA khaNDana karake neyAyika loga apane mata - 'duHkhocchedavAda'SaNa tathA pratipAdana karate haiM / - kA vizle

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ( 12. naiyAyika mata se mukti-vicAra ) nanu sukhAbhivyaktirmuktiriti pakSaM parityajya duHkhanivRttireva muktiriti svIkAraH kSIraM vihAyA rocaka prastasya sauvIrarucimanubhAvayatIti cettadetannATakapakSapatitaM tvadvaca ityupekSyate / sukhasya sAtizayatayA sAkSatayA bahupratyanIkAkrAntatayA sAdhanaprArthanaparikliSTatayA ca duHkhAvinAbhUtatvena viSAnuSaktamadhuvad duHkhapakSanikSepAt / 428 aba koI kaha sakatA hai - 'sukha kI abhivyakti hI mokSa hai,' isa sundara pakSa ko chor3akara 'duHkha kI nivRtti mokSa haiM' yaha svIkAra karanA ThIka vaisA hI huA jaise aruci se grasta vyakti ko to dUdha to de nahIM, ulaTe nIrasa kA~jI ( sauvIra = khaTTA-totA rasa ) pilAkara ruci bar3hAne kA prayAsa kareM / [ aruci se grasta vyakti ko eka to kisI cIja kI ruci svabhAvataH nahIM hotI / yadi unheM kucha svAdayukta padArtha deM to ruci bar3he bhI / parantu nIrasa kAMjI pilAne se ruci bar3hegI kyA, ulaTe usa vyakti meM aruci aura bar3hatI hI jAyegI / vaise hI prANiyoM meM mokSa kI pravRtti eka to svabhAva se hI kama hai, dUsare yadi unheM Apa batalAyeMge ki mukti meM sukha tanika nahIM hai to kauna mUrkha isameM pravRtta hogA ? koI nahIM / ] hama uttara deMge ki ApakI bAta nATaka ke saMvAda kI taraha hai, isalie upekSaNIya hai / | gambhIra dArzanika vivecana meM isa taraha ke kSaNika camatkArI vAkyoM se kAma nahIM calatA / vesI bAtoM kI asiddhi dUsare pramANoM se turanta hI kara dI jAyagI / anukUla tarka ke abhAva meM kevala dRSTAnta dene se koI bAta siddha nahIM ho jAtI / Apa logoM meM kisa taraha anukUla tarka kA abhAva hai vaha dekheM - ] sukha kA duHkha ke sAtha avinAbhAva ( vyApti ) sambandha hai kyoMki sukha sAtizaya ( eka dUsare se bar3hanevAlA ) hai, usake samAna dUsare sukha ho sakate haiM, nAnA prakAra ke vighnoM se bharA bhI hai tathA sukha ke sAdhanoM kI prArthanA ( yAcanA ) karane meM kleza bhI khUba hI hote haiM / phalataH viSarasa se bhare madhu ke samAna sukha bhI duHkha kI hI zreNI meM calA AtA hai / [ saMsAra meM eka se bar3hakara dUsare sukha haiM, kahIM usakI iyattA nahIM / jaba atizaya kI prApti nahIM hogI to prANI usakI AzA meM lagA rahegA aura 'AzA hi paramaM duHkham / ' sukhAnubhava ke bAda pariNAma duHkhada hI hotA hai / to kyA aise sukha kI prApti ke lie prANI prayatnazIla hogA ? sukhoddezya se mukti kI pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI / ] nanvekamanusaMdhitsatospara pracyavata iti nyAyena duHkhavatsukhamapyucchiyata ityakAmyo'yaM pakSa iti cet -- maivaM maMsthAH / sukhasampAdane duHkhasAdhanabAhulyAnuSaGganiyamena taptAyaH piNDe tapanIyabuddhyA pravartamAnena sAmyApAtAt / tathA hi-nyAyopArjiteSu viSayeSu kiyantaH sukhakhadyotA: kiyanti du:khadudinAni | anyAyopArjiteSu tu yad bhaviSyati tanmanasA'pi cintayituM na zakyamiti /

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akSapAda-darzanam 429 aba koI yaha zaMkA kare ki 'eka kI khoja meM cale aura dUsarA bhI naSTa ho jAya' isa niyama se duHkha kI taraha ( duHkha-nivRtti ke sAtha ) sukha kI bhI nivRtti ho jAyagI, isalie [ neyAyikoM ke duHkhocchedanavAda kA ] yaha pakSa kabhI kAmya nahIM ho sktaa| duHkha kI nivRtti karane cale aura hAthoM se sukha bhI calA jAya to acchA nahIM hai / eka kI khoja me dUsarA khonA nahIM cAhie / kama-se-kama sukha to milatA rhegaa|] ___ naiyAyika uttara dete haiM ki aisA na samajheM / sukha kA sampAdana karanevAle padArthoM meM duHkha ke hI sAdhanoM kI pracuratA rahatI hai, yaha niyama hai| [ duHkhaprada vastuoM ko sukhada samajhanA vaisA hI hai ] jaise koI vyakti tapta lohe ke piNDa ko svarNa ( tapanIya ) samajhakara pakar3ane jAya / [ svarNa kI prApti to use nahIM hI hogI, ulaTe garma lohe se vaha jala jAyagA / usI prakAra viSayoM ko sukhaprada samajhanevAloM ko sukha to milegA ki nahIM, saMdeha hai| kintu duHkha anivArya hai / aise duHkha se sane sukha kI kAmanA kise hogI ? sukha meM duHkha anivArya hI nahIM, pratyuta duHkha kI adhikatA bhI hai| ] dekhiye-nyAya se upArjita viSayoM meM sukha ke khadyota ( jugunU ) kitane thor3e haiM / [ jo jahA~-tahA~ camaka uThate haiM aura kitane hI duHkha ke durdina ( meghAcchanna varSAdina ) haiM [ jo sukhoM ko nigala jAte haiM ], anyAya se upArjita viSayoM meM to jo hogA usakA cintana mana se ho hI nahIM sktaa| etatsvAnubhavamapracchAdayantaH santo vidAMkurvantu vidAM varA bhavantaH / tasmAtparizeSAt paramezvarAnugrahavazAt zravaNAdikrameNa AtmatattvasAkSAkAravataH puruSadhaureyasya duHkhanivRttirAtyantiko niHzreyasamiti niravadyam / ___ isa viSaya meM Apa loga apanA anubhava nirUpita na karake isa para vicAra kareM, kyoMki Apa vidvAnoM meM zreSTha haiM / isalie aba bAta itanI hI bacI hai ki paramezvara ke anugraha se zravaNa ( zruti-vAkyoM kA zravaNa ) Adi ke krama se AtmatatvakA sAkSAtkAra karanevAle puruSa zreSTha ke lie duHkhoM se Atyantika rUpa se nivRtta ho jAnA hI niHzreyasa ( mokSa ) hai, yaha spaSTa hai| ( 13. Izvara kI sattA ke lie pUrvapakSa ) nanvIzvarasadbhAve kiM pramANaM pratyakSamanumAnamAgamo vaa| na tAvadatra pratyakSa kramate / rUpAdirahitatvenAtIndriyatvAt / nApyanumAnam / tadvyAptaliGgAbhAvAt / naagmH| vikalpAsahatvAt / kiM nityo'vagamayati anityo vA ? aadye'psiddhaantaapaatH| dvitIye parasparAzrayApAtaH / upamAnAdikamazakyazaGkam / niyataviSayatvAt / tasmAdIzvaraH zazaviSANAyata iti cet|

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430 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe aba pUrvapakSI yaha zaMkA karate haiM ki Izvara kI satA ke lie kauna-sA pramANa haipratyakSa, anumAna yA Agama ? isa viSaya meM pratyakSa pramANa nahIM laga sakatA, kyoMki [ Izvara ] rUpa Adi se rahita hone ke kAraNa indriyoM ko pahu~ca ke bhItara nahIM hai / [ pratyakSa meM indriyoM ke sAtha sannikarSa cAhie / Izvara ke sAtha indriyasannikarSa sambhava hI nahIM / ] anumAna bhI Izvara kI siddhi nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki Izvara ke dvArA vyApta koI liMga ( hetu ) hI nahIM hai / [ anumAna meM liMga yA jJApaka vastu ( Middle term ) kA honA anivArya hai / hetu sAdhya ( Izvara ) ke dvArA vyApta honA cAhie, parantu Izvara kA jJApaka koI padArtha pratyakSAdi pramANoM se jJAta nahIM hotaa|] Agama pramANa bhI nahIM laga sakatA, kyoMki donoM nimnAMkita vikalpa asiddha ho jAte haiN| Izvara ko batalAnevAlA Agama svayaM nitya hai yA anitya ? yadi nitya hai to apasiddhAnta ho jAyagA [ arthAt Apa naiyAyikoM ke siddhAnta ke viruddha ho jaaygaa| abhiprAya yaha hai ki vizeSa vargoM ke vizeSa saMghaTana ko Agama kahate haiM / varNoM kA uccAraNa hone ke bAda hI pradhvaMsa ho jAtA hai isalie ve anitya haiM tathA Agama kI bhI anityatA siddha hotI hai| yahI naiyAyikoM kA siddhAnta hai / pUrvapakSI kahate haiM ki yadi naiyAyika loga nitya Agama se Izvara ko siddhi kareM to apane hI siddhAntoM kI hatyA karanI pdd'egii| ] yadi anitya Agama se Izvara kI siddhi karate haiM to anyonyAzraya-doSa hogaa| [ Agama anitya hai to usakA prAmANya kartA ( Izvara ) ke prAmANya para nirbhara karatA hai aura udhara kartA ( Izvara ) kI prAmANikatA usake banAye Agama para nirbhara karatI hai-isa prakAra anyonyAzraya-doSa hotA hai| upamAna Adi pramANoM kA to yahA~ para prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| una sabhI pramANoM ke viSaya nizcita haiM [ tathA Izvara-siddhi ke lie lAbhadAyaka siddha nahIM ho sakate / ] isalie hamArI sammati meM Izvara zaza-viSANa ( kharahe ke sIMga ) kI taraha asiddha hai| (13 ka. naiyAyikoM kA uttara-Izvarasiddhi ) tadetanna caturacetasAM cetasi cmtkaarmaavisskroti| vivAdAspadaM nagasAgarAdikaM sakartRkaM kAryatvAtkumbhavat / na cAyamasiddho hetuH| sAvayavatvena tasya susAdhanatvAt / nanu kimidaM sAvayavatvam ? avayavasaMyogitvamavayavasamavAyitvaM vA? naadyH| gaganAdau vyabhicArAt / na dvitIyaH tantutvAdAvanakAntyAt / uparyukta tarka catura buddhivAle ke citta meM camatkAra utpanna nahIM kara sakatA, ( mUrkha loga bhale hI Thage jAyaM ) / ina prastuta ( vivAdAspada ) parvata, sAgara Adi sAre padArthoM kA koI kartA hogA kyoMki ye kArya haiM, jaise ghaTa / [ ina anumAna se Izvara kI siddhi hotI hai| yahA~ para 'kAryatva' ke rUpa meM ] jo hetu diyA gayA hai vaha asiddha ( sAdhyasama ) nahIM hai / 'sAvayava' hetu ke dvArA usakI siddhi acchI taraha se kI jA sakatI hai| [ 'kAryatva' hetu kI

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akSapAda-darzanam 431 siddhi isa prakAra ho sakatI hai-'parvata sAgara Adi padArtha kArya haiM kyoMki ye avayavoM se yukta haiM, jaise ghaTa / isa anumAna se kAryatva kI siddhi karake pUrva ke anumAna meM kAryatva ko hetu rakha diyA gayA hai tathA kArya hone ke kAraNa hI saMsAra ko sakartRka siddha kiyA gayA hai|] aba prazna hai ki avayavoM se yukta honA kyA hai ? avayavoM ke sAtha saMyoga-sambandha honA yA avayavoM ke sAtha samavAya ( Inherent ) sambandha honA ? avayavoM ke sAtha saMyogI honA ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki gagana Adi meM vyabhicAra hogaa| [AkAza kA saMyoga-sambandha ghaTAdi padArthoM ke avayavoM se rahatA hai| isalie AkAza ko bhI kArya mAnanA pdd'egaa| para naiyAyika loga AkAza ko kArya nahIM maante| ataH yadi avayavoM ke sAtha saMyoga hone ke kAraNa koI vastu kArya mAnI jAya to AkAza ko bhI isa lakSaNa meM sameTa lenA pdd'egaa| yahI nahIM, apane avayavoM ke sAtha saMyogI kArya mAnane para to ghaTAdi avayavayukta kahe hI nahIM jA sakate / avayava aura avayavI meM saMyoga-sambandha nahIM, samavAyasambandha hai|] dUsarA pakSa [ ki avayavoM ke sAtha samavAya sambandha hone se kArya kI siddhi hotI hai ] bhI ThIka nahIM kyoMki aisA mAnane se tantutva ( tantu ke sAmAnya ) meM vyabhicAra hogaa| [ tantutva bhI to tantuoM meM samaveta rahatA hai para use hama kArya nahIM mAnate / phala yaha huA ki avayavoM meM samaveta rahane se kAryatva kI siddhi nahIM hotI / pUrvapakSI kA yaha tarka naiyAyikoM ke kArya-sAdhana ke viruddha diyA gayA hai| ] tasmAdanupapannamiti cet-maivaM vAdIH samavetadravyatvaM sAvayavatvamiti niruktervaktuM zakyatvAt / avAntaramahattvena vA kAryatvAnumAnasya sukaratvAt / isalie [ 'sAvayavatva' hetu ke dvArA kAryatva kA anumAna karanA ] asiddha hai / to uttara meM hama yaha kaheMge hi aisA mata kahiye / sAvayava hone kA matalaba hai samaveta honA aura dravya honA-isa prakAra nirvacana ( padavyAkhyA ) karake kahA jA sakatA hai / [ AkAza ke avayava nahIM hote isalie vaha kisI se samaveta nahIM ho sakatA-usameM vyabhicAra nahIM hogaa| tantutva dravya nahIM hai isalie usameM bhI vyabhicAra nahIM hogaa| ataH sAvayava kI isa vyAkhyA se prazna bilkula sahaja ho jAtA hai aura isake dvArA hama kAryatva kI siddhi karake saMsAra ko kArya mAnate hue Izvara kI siddhi kara sakate haiM / ] ___ isake atirikta nimna koTi ke mahattva ( AkAra Magnitude ) ke dvArA bhI [ saMsAra ko ] kArya siddha karane ke lie anumAna karanA sarala hai / [ mahattva yA AkAra do prakAra ke haiM parama mahattva arthAt sabase adhika AkAra tathA avAntara mahattva jo parama mahattva ke nIce ke padArthoM kA bodhaka hai / avAntara mahattva ke antargata dvayaNuka se lekara

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432 sarvadarzanasaMgraheparvata sAgara Adi sAre padArtha haiM / avAntara mahatva se anumAna isa prakAra hogA-parvata, sAgara Adi kArya haiM kyoMki inameM avAntara mahattva hai; jaise ghaTa Adi / ] nApi viruddho hetuH / sAdhyaviparyayavyApterabhAvAt / nApyanakAntikaH / pakSAdanyatra vRtteradarzanAt / nApi kalAtyayApadiSTaH / bAdhakAnupalambhAt / * nApi satpratipakSaH / pratibhaTAdarzanAt / nanu nagAdikamakartRkaM zarIrAjanyatvAd gaganavaditi cet-naitatparIkSAmamIkSyate / na hi kaThorakaNThIravasya kuraGgazAvaH pratibhaTo bhavati / ajanyatvasyaiva samarthatayA zarIravizeSaNavaiyarthyAt / [ saMsAra ko sakartRka siddha karanevAlA yaha 'kAryatva' ] viruddha hetu nahIM hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki sAdhya ( sakartRtva ) ke viruddha koI bhI vyApti nahIM miltii| [viruddha hetu yA hetvAbhAsa yahI hai jo sAdhya meM kabhI prApta na ho, sAdhyAbhAva meM rhe| kAryatva hetu sAdhyAbhAva ( akartRka ) meM prApta nahIM hotA-jo kArya hogA usakA kartA koI avazya hogA, binA kartA ke kArya nahIM ho sakatA / ] yaha hetu anaikAntika bhI nahIM hai kyoMki pakSa ke alAve aura kahIM isa hetu kI prApti ( vRtti ) nahIM hotii| [ sakartRka sAdhya hai, paramANu Adi meM usakA abhAva hai kintu unameM kAryatva bhI nahIM hai isalie 'kAryatva' hetu kA vyabhicAra paramANu Adi meM nahIM hotA / ataH savyabhicAra yA anaikAntika hetu yahA~ nahIM / ] yaha hetu kAlAtyayApadiSTa yA bAdhita bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki bAdhaka pramANa nahIM miltaa| satpratipakSa hetu bhI yaha nahIM hai, kyoMki [ sAdhyAbhAva ko siddha karane vAlA 'kAryatva' hetu ke ] Takkara kA koI dUsarA hetu nahIM hai| [ isa prakAra pA~coM hetvAbhAva khaNDita ho jAte haiM jisase saMsAra ko sakartRka siddha karanevAle anumAna meM kAryatva' zuddha mAnA gayA / ] ___aba yadi koI pUrvapakSI zaMkA kare ki parvata Adi kA koI kartA nahIM (=parvata akartRka hai ) kyoMki ye zarIra se utpanna nahIM hote jaise AkAza / to uttara meM kaha sakate haiM ki yaha pratidvandvI hetu ( jo satpratipakSa hetvAbhAsa siddha karane ke lie diyA gayA hai ) parIkSA ke yogya nahIM dikhalAI pdd'taa| hariNa kA baccA praur3ha siMha ( kaNThIrava ) kA pratidvandvI nahIM ho sakatA / ' 'utpanna na honA' (ajanyatva ) hetu hI paryApta hai, 'zarIra' vizeSaNa usameM vyartha hI lagAyA gayA hai| [ Upara satpratipakSa hetvAbhAsa kA khaNDana isa AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai ki koI pratidvandvI hetu (pratibhaTa ) sAdhyAbhAva siddha karanevAlA 1. bar3e siMha kA pratibhaTa hariNa kA baccA nahIM ho sakatA, vaise hI sakartRkatva ke lie diye gaye 'kAryatva' hetu kA pratidvandvI ( hetvantara ) akartRkatvasAdhana ke lie diyA gayA 'zarIrAjanyatva' hetu nahIM ho sakatA / satpratipakSa hetu vahIM hotA hai jahA~ pUrva hetu ke samAna hI dUsarA hetu ho / donoM meM samAna bala rahanA cAhie /

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akSapAda-darzanam nahIM mila rahA hai| aba pUrvapakSI kahate haiM ki hetvantara kI sattA hai jo sAdhyAbhAva ( akartRkatva ) siddha kara de / vaha hetu hai-'zarIrAjanyatva' / naiyAyika kahate haiM ki ajanyatva ho paryApta hai, zarIrAjanyatva kyoM rakhate haiM ? naiyAyika apane pratidvandvI ko tarka karanA bhI sikhAte haiM / astu, koI bAta nhiiN| pUrvapakSI apane hetu ko sudhAra kara phira tarka karatA hai-] tIjanyatvameva sAdhanamiti cet-na asiddhH| nApi sopAdhikatvazaGkAkalaGkAkuraH sambhavI / anukUlatarkasambhavAt / ___ yadyayamakartRkaH syAtkAryamapi na syAt / iha jagati nAstyeva tatkAyaM nAma yatkArakacakramavadhIryAtmAnamAsAdaye dityetadavivAdam / tacca sarva kartRvizeSopahitamaryAdam / taba yadi ye pUrvapakSI 'ajayanyatva' ko hI sAdhana ( hetu ) mAneM to bhI ThIka nahIM / isakI bhI siddhi nahIM hotii| [ ajanya kA artha hai utpatti se rahita honA / koI nahIM kahegA ki parvata, sAgarAdi kI utpatti nahIM hotI yA ye ajanya haiM / kisI pramANa meM isakI siddhi nahIM ho sktii| naiyAyikoM ne pUrvapakSiyoM ko acchA phaMsA diyA ! 'zarIra' vizeSaNa haTavA kara unheM vidhivat parAsta kiyaa| ] isake alAve [ vastutaH upAdhi na hone para bhI ] yadi koI 'kAryatva' hetu ke sopAdhika hone kI zaMkA kare to bhI isa hetu para kalaMka kA aMkura nahIM uga sktaa| kAraNa yaha hai ki anukUla tarka diyA jA sakatA hai / [ yadi 'sakartRkatva' (sAdhya) kA vyApaka tathA 'kAryatva' ( hetu ) kA avyApaka koI padArtha nikale tabhI upAdhi ko zaMkA kI jA sakatI hai| aisI sambhAvanA tabhI hai jaba kAryatva vyabhicArI ho / vyabhicArI kI bhI sambhAvanA tabhI hai jaba kartA se rahita ( akartRka ) vastu kArya utpanna karane lage / anukUla tarka se isakA khaNDana kiyA jA sakatA hai / anukUla tarka kA svarUpa dikhalAyA jAtA hai-] ___yadi yaha ( saMsAra, parvatAdi ) akartRka ( Without a maker ) hotA to kArya bhI nahIM hotA, [ kyoMki kartA se utpanna vastuoM ko hI kArya kahate haiM / ] isa saMsAra meM aisA koI kArya hI nahIM, jo kArakacakra ( kartA, karma, karaNa, sampradAna, apAdAna aura adhikaraNa ) kA tiraskAra karake apanI sthiti dRr3ha kara le--itanA to nirvivAda hai| sAre kAryoM kI maryAdA kisI-na-kisI kartA para hI AdhArita hai| [ghaTa, paTa Adi utpatti ke samaya kumbhakAra, tantuvAya Adi kartA sabhI kArakoM ko kAryotpatti ke guNa ke anusAra baiThAtA hai / kartA apane ko bhI vaise hI baiThAtA hai| (13 kha. kartA kA lakSaNa tathA Izvara kA kartRtva ) kartRtvaM cetarakArakAprayojyatve sati sakalakArakaprayoktRtvalakSaNaM jJAnacikIrSAprayatnAdhAratvam / evaM ca kartRvyAvRttestadupahitasamastakArakavyA

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434 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe vRttau akAraNakakAryotpAdaprasaGga iti sthUlaH pramAdaH / tathA niraTaGki zaGkarakiGkareNa 4. anukUlena tarkeNa sanAye sati sAdhane / sAdhyavyApakatAbhaGgAtpakSe nopAdhisambhavaH / / iti // kartA vaha hai jo dUsare kArakoM ( karma, karaNAdi ) se prayojita nahIM ho, pratyuta sabhI kArakoM ko prayojita kare tathA jJAna, cikIrSA ( utpanna karane kI icchA ) aura prayatna kA AdhAra bhI ho| [ miTTI, DaNDA, cAka Adi padArtha jo ghaTotpAdana kArya meM vibhinna kAraka haiM, kumbhakAra ( kartA ) ko ghaTanirmANa ke lie prayojita nahIM karate / ulaTe kumbhakAra hI unheM apanI icchA se prayojita karatA hai / yaha spaSTa hai ki kartA meM pahale ghaTa kA jJAna hotA hai taba icchA aura anta meM usameM prayatna hotA hai / ina tInoM kA AdhAra kartA hI hai / ] = kartA kA ukta lakSaNa mAna lene para, yadi kartA ko tyAga deM [ kyoMki, Apa loga pUrvapakSI, akartRka kArya mAnane jA rahe haiM ] to kartA para nirbhara karanevAle saba ke saba kAraka bhI to haTa jAyaMge aura isa dazA meM [ kArakoM ke abhAva meM bhI kArya mAnanevAloM kA ] yaha sthUla pramAda hI na hai ki binA kAraNa ke bhI kArya kI utpatti mAnanI par3egI ? zaMkarakiMkara nAmaka vidvAn ne isa viSaya kA saMkalana kiyA hai - - ' jaba hetu anukUla ( zuddha ) tarka se alaMkRta kiyA jAtA hai taba sAdhya kI vyApakatA ( jo upAdhi hone ke lie Avazyaka hai ) kA nAza ho jAtA hai tathA pakSa meM upAdhi kI sambhAvanA nahIM rahatI / ' [ anukUla tarka se yaha nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai ki hetu sAdhya ke dvArA vyApya hai / aise svavyApya kA jo vyApaka nahIM hai tathA kahIM-kahIM isa prakAra kA vyApya hone para bhI na rahe vaha ( hetu ) apane sAdhya kA vyApaka kaise ho sakatA hai ? jo apane vyApya kA vyApaka nahIM rahatA usameM apane ( sAdhya ) ko vyApta karane kA sAmarthya nahIM rahatA, aisA niyama hai / phalataH sAdhya ko vyApta na karane ke kAraNa upAdhi nahIM ho sakatI / ] yadIzvaraH kartA syArttAhi zarIrI syAdityAdipratikUlatarkajAtaM jAgartIti cet -- IzvarasiddhyasiddhibhyAM vyAghAtaH / taduditamudayanena - 5. AgamAdeH pramANatve bAdhanAdiniSedhanam / AbhAsatve tu saiva syAdAzrayAsiddhiruddhatA // ( nyA0 ku0 3 / 5 ) iti / na ca vizeSavirodhaH zakyazaGkaH / jJAtatvAjJAtatvavikalpaparAhatatvAt / 'yadi Izvara kartA hotA to vaha zarIradhArI hotA' - isa prakAra ke pratikUla tarka bhI jAgRta ho sakate haiM [ jinase Izvara ke kartRtva kA khaNDana hogA ], to hama uttara deMge ki

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akSapAda-darzanam 435 aisA tarka donoM hI dazAoM meM khaNDita hotA hai, hama Izvara kI siddhi kareM yA asiddhi / yadi Agama Adi pramANoM ke AdhAra para Izvara kI siddhi kI jAya to unhIM pramANoM se 'saMsAra kA kartA Izvara hai' yaha bhI mAnanA par3egA / aisI sthiti meM ApakA anumAna afuse ho jAyagA aura Izvara ke kartRtva kA niSedha nahIM ho sakatA / aba yadi AgamaH di ko pramANa na mAnakara pramANAbhAsa kaheM aura Izvara kI asiddhi kareM to bhI Apake anumAna meM pakSa kI asiddhi hogI hI / pakSa ( Minor term ) svayaM to asat hai isalie kisI niSedha - vAkya kA yaha uddezya nahIM hogA | tulanIya - nyAyakusumAMjali ( 3 / 2 ) / isa prakAra donoM sthitiyoM meM ApakI ukti khaNDita ho jAtI hai / ] ise hI udayana ne kahA hai- ' Agama Adi ko pramANa mAnane para [ pUrvokta anumAna IT ] khaNDana ho jAne se [ Izvara kA ] niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / [ yadi AgamAdi ko kevala pramANa kA ] AbhAsa arthAt doSapUrNa pramANa mAneM to 'AzrayAsiddha' doSa uTha khar3A ho jAtA hai / ' ( nyA0 ku0 3 / 5 ) / isake alAve vizeSa hone ke kAraNa [ Izvara meM kartRtva kA ] virodha hogA aisI zaMkA' nahIM kI jA sakatI, kyoMki [ Izvara ke jJAta hone yA ajJAta hone ina donoM vikalpoM kA khaNDana ho jAtA hai / [ Izvara nitya dravya hai tathA naiyAyikoM ke anusAra vizeSa lakSaNoM se yukta hai - svalakSaNa arthAt sabhI padArthoM se vilakSaNa hai / saMsAra meM sAdhAraNa jIvoM kA kartRtva dekhakara unake sAdRzya se sarvatovilakSaNa evaM vizeSa Izvara kA kartRtva mAnane kA kyA adhikAra hai ? vizeSa to sAmAnya se pRthak hI rahegA na ? naiyAyika kahate haiM ki aisI zaMkA Apa loga nahIM kara sakate / vizeSa ( Izvara ) yA to jJAta rahegA yA ajJAta / vizeSa yadi jJAta hai to svabhAvataH sabhI vastuoM se vilakSaNa hai, isalie anyatra kahIM bhI na dekhe gaye kartRtva ( saMsAra kA kartRtva ) kA sAdhaka hogA / isakA koI bAdhaka nahIM / yadi vizeSa ajJAta hai taba to usake AdhAra para kiye gaye anumAna meM virodha kI sambhAvanA hI nahIM rhegii| yadi vizeSa jJAta hai to usakI sattA spaSTataH mAnI gaI hai, yadi ajJAta hai to usake viSaya meM tarka vyartha hai / kisI taraha Izvara para zaMkA sambhava nahIM / ] ( 14. Izvara ke dvArA saMsAra nirmANa - pUrvapakSa ) syAdetat / paramezvarasya jaganirmANa pravRttiH kimarthA ? svArthA parArthA vA ? Adye'pi, iSTaprAptyarthA'niSTaparihArArthA vA ? nAdyaH / avAptasakalakAmasya tadanupapatteH / ata eva na dvitIyaH / dvitIye pravRttyanupapattiH / kaH khaluM parArthaM pravartamAnaM prekSAvAnityAcakSIta ? acchA yaha saba mAna liyA gayA / aba kahiye ki saMsAra kA nirmANa karane meM paramezvara kI pravRtti kisa lie hai apane lie yA dUsaroM ke lie ? yadi apane lie hai to phira kahiye ki ISTa vastu kI prApti ke lie yA aniSTa vastu ke parihAra ke lie ? pahalA

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahevikalpa ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki sabhI kAmoM ko prApta kiye hue Izvara kA iSTa vastu kI prApti ke lie pravRtta honA ThIka nahIM jNctaa| isIlie dUsarA vikalpa bhI ThIka nahIM [ kyoMki jo sabhI kAmoM ko pA cukA hai use aniSTa hI nahIM raheMge, jinake lie vaha pravRtta hogaa| yadi yaha mAneM ki dUsaroM ke lie pravRtti hotA hai to isameM pravRtti ko hI siddhi nahIM hotii| dUsaroM ke lie pravRtti honevAle vyakti ko samajhadAra ( buddhimAn ) kauna kahegA ? ___ atha karuNayA pravRttyupattirityAcakSIta kazcit, taM pratyAcakSIta / tarhi sarvAn prANinaH sukhina eva sRjediishvrH| na duHkhazabalAn / karuNAvirodhAt / svArthamanapekSya paraduHkhaprahANecchA hi kaarunnym| tasmAdIzvarasya jagatsarjanaM na yujyate / taduktaM bhaTTAcArya: 6. prayojanamanuddizya na mando'pi pravartate / jagacca sRjatastasya kiM nAma na kRtaM bhavet // iti / aba yadi [ naiyAyika yA ] koI aisA kahe ki karuNA se Izvara kI pravRtti mAnI jA sakatI hai to usake prati hama (pUrvapakSI ) kaheMge ki taba to Izvara sabhI prANiyoM ko sukhI banAkara pRthvI para utpanna karatA / vaha kisI ko duHkha se nahIM raMgatA, kyoMki aisA karane se usakI karuNA kA virodha hogA / svArtha kI apekSA na rakhate hue dUsaroM ke duHkha kA haraNa karane kI icchA hI karuNA kahalAtI hai / isalie Izvara ke dvArA saMsAra kI sRSTi mAnanA yuktiyukta nahIM hai / ise bhaTTAcArya ne kahA hai-'prayojana kA binA uddezya rakhe hue mUrkha bhI pravRtta nahIM hotA / vaha ( Izvara ) yadi saMsAra kI sRSTi karatA hai to kauna-sA kAma nahIM karatA ( sabhI vastuoM kA nirmANa vaha karatA hai ) ?' [ Izvara saba kucha karatA hai, kintu kisI prayojana se nahIM / koI prayojana siddha na hone ke kAraNa Izvara kI siddhi hI nahIM hotii| (15. Izvara ke dvArA saMsAra-nirmANa siddhAnta ) atrocyate-nAstikaziromaNe ! tAvadAkaSAyite cakSuSo nimIlya paribhAvayatu bhavAn / karuNayA pravRtti rastyeva / na ca nisargataH sukhmysrgprsnggH| sRjyaprANikRtaduSkRtasukRtaparipAkavizeSAd vaissmyopptteH| na ca svAtantryamaGgaH shniiyH| svAnaM svavyavadhAyakaM na bhavatIti nyAyena pratyuta tanirvAhAt / 'eka eva rudro na dvitIyo'vatasthe' (te0 saM0 1806) ityAdirAgamastatra pramANam / aba hama uttara dete haiM-he nAstikoM ke ziromaNi ! pahale Apa IrSyA meM DUbI huI apanI A~khoM ko banda kara leM taba vicAra kreN| karuNA se to Izvara kI pravRtti hotI hI hai| prAkRtika rUpa se hI sukhI saMsAra kI sRSTi ho, aisA prasaMga nahIM A sakatA; kyoMki utpanna

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akSapAda-darzanam 437 honevAle prANiyoM ke dvArA kiye gaye vibhinna puNyoM aura pApoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa viSamatA to rahegI ho / icchA kucha ukta AdhAra para yaha zaMkA nahIM karanI cAhie ki [ prANiyoM ke dvArA kiye gaye karma para nirbhara karane ke kAraNa ] Izvara svatantra nahIM hai / [ jaba saMsAra kI sRSTi karane meM apanI bhI kAma nahIM kara sakatA, prANiyoM ke karma ke anusAra unheM sukha-duHkha detA to Izvara svatantra kaise huA ? prANikarma ke adhIna hI vaha rahatA hai / kintu vaisI bAta nahIM / ] ' apanA hI aMga apane hI kArya kA virodha nahIM karatA' - isI niyama se to aura acchI taraha se usakA nirvAha ho jAyagA / [ saMsAra aura isake sAre padArtha, karma Adi saba kucha Izvara kA zarIra hai / prANiyoM ke dvArA kiye gaye karma usake aMga hI haiM / yadi Izvara sRSTi ke kArya meM ina karmoM arthAt apane aMgoM kI apekSA rakhe to isakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki vaha parAdhIna hai / apane hI hAtha-paira se kAma lene se koI parAdhIna nahIM kahalAtA, bhale hI dUsaroM se kAma lene para parAdhInatA AtI / apane aMgoM se kAma lene se balki bar3AI hI hotI hai / vaise hI Izvara ke dvArA Arambha kiye gaye kArya kA sAdhana bhI svatantra hai, isa meM svatantratA kA hI gaurava bar3hatA hai / ] [ Izvara kI sattA kI siddhi ke lie ] Agama kA bhI pramANa hai -- rudra eka hI hai, dUsarA koI huA hI nahIM' ( taittirIya saMhitA 118 | 6 tathA zvetA 0 3 / 2 ) / yadyevaM tarhi parasparAzrayabAdhanyAdhi samAdhatsveti cet -- tasyAnutthAnAt / kimutpattau parasparAzrayaH zakyate jJaptau vA / nAdyaH / AgamasyezvarAdhInotpattikatve'pi paramezvarasya nityatvenotpetteranupapatteH / nApi jJaptau / paramezvarasyAgamAdhInajJaptikatve'pi tasyAnyato'vagamAt / nApi tadanityatvajJaptau / AgamAnityatvasya tIvrAdidharmopetatvAdinA sugamattvAt / yasmAnnivartakadhamanuSThAnavazAdIzvaraprasAdasiddhAvabhimateSTasiddhiriti sarvamavadAtam // iti zrImatsAyaNa mAdhavIye sarvadarzanasaMgrahe'kSapAdadarzanam // yadi aisI bAta hai to anyonyAzraya-doSarUpI roga kA to nirAkaraNa kIjie / [ Izvara ] kI siddhi Agama se karane para tathA Agama ko Izvara - zarIra mAnane para, Izvara aura Agama meM to anyonyAzraya-doSa hogA / isakA nirAkaraNa karanA kaThina hai / Apa kareM to jaaneN| pUrvapakSiyoM kI zaMkA para neyAyika kahate haiM ki ] yaha doSa uThatA hI nahIM / isa parasparAzrayadoSa kI zaMkA utpatti ke viSaya meM mAnate haiM yA jJAna ke viSaya meM ? pahalA vikalpa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki yadyapi Agama Izvara ke adhIna utpanna huA hai tathApi paramezvara

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438 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe nitya hai isalie [ vaha apane Apa meM pramANa hai, Agama se usakI utpatti nahIM hotI hai / Agama kI prAmANikatA Izvara para nirbhara karatI hai parantu Izvara kI prAmANikatA Agama para nirbhara nahIM karatI / Agama anitya hai, Izvara nitya -- donoM meM anyonyAzraya kaisA ? ] jJAna ke viSaya meM doSa nahIM uThatA, kyoMki yadyapi paramezvara kA jJAna Agama para nirbhara karatA hai para Agama ko dUsare sthAnoM meM jAnate haiM / [ utpatti ke lie ghaTa kumbhakAra para nirbhara karatA hai para jJAna ke lie to prakAza Adi kI hI apekSA rahatI hai / vaise hI utpatti ke lie Agama Izvara kI apekSA rakhatA hai para jJAna ke lie to nahIM / Agama kA jJAna Izvara nahIM karAtA hai - guru kI paramparA Adi se hama Agama ko jAna pAte haiM / ] Agama [ ke dharmoM ] kI anityatA ke jJAna meM bhI zaMkA nahIM ho sakatI / Agama kI anityatA kA jJAna tIvra Adi dharmo ( tIvra, tIkSNa, duHsaha, bhayaMkara, kaTu ) se yukta hone se loga saralatA se kara lete haiM / [ arthayukta zabda ko Agama kahate haiM / artha meM tIkSNatva duHsahatva Adi doSa hote haiM, zabda meM karNakaTutva Adi / ye dharma anityatva ke dvArA vyApta hote haiM isalie Agama kI anityatA siddha karate haiM | abhyaMkarajI ne bahuta sundara dRSTAnta diyA hai ki jaise jamIna para nAva ko le jAne meM bailagAr3I kI jarUrata hotI hai aura pAnI meM bailagAr3I le jAne meM nAva kI, phira bhI AdhAra kA bheda hone se anyonyAzraya - doSa nahIM hotA - usI prakAra yaha mAnane para doSa nahIM hotA ki Agama kI utpatti ke lie Izvara kI apekSA hai, jJAna ke lie nahIM tathA Izvara ke jJAna ke lie Agama kI apekSA hai utpatti ke lie nahIM / viSayabheda ke kAraNa anyonyAzraya doSa nahIM | isa prakAra nivRtti - paraka dharmoM kA anuSThAna karane se Izvara kI kRpA prApta hotI hai aura isI se abhimata iSTasiddhi ( mokSa prApti ) hotI hai - yaha saba spaSTa hai / isa prakAra sAyaNa - mAdhava ke sarvadarzanasaMgraha meM akSapAda - darzana samApta huA / iti bAlakavinomAzaGkareNa racitAyAM sarvadarzanasaMgrahasya prakAzAkhyAyAM vyAkhyAyAmakSapAdadarzanamavasitam /

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12 jaimini-darzanam vedoktakarmasaraNiH sa tu yAgarUpo vidhyarthavAdayugalaM parilambamAnaH / dharmo bhavetkila tato jananAntareSu karmaiva sarvamiti jaiminaye namo'stu / / - RSiH ( 1. mImAMsA - sUtra kI viSaya-vastu ) nana dharmAnuSThAnavazAdabhimatadharmasiddhiriti jegIyate bhavatA / tatra dharmaH kilakSaNaka: kipramANaka iti cet-ucyate / zrUyatAmavadhAnena / asya praznasya prativacanaM prAcyAM mImAMsAyAM prAdazi jaimininA muninA / sA hi mImAMsA dvAdazalakSaNI / Apa loga ( mImAMsaka ) bAra-bAra yahI kahate haiM ki dharma ( vedavihita karma ) kA anuSThAna karane se abhISTa dharma kI prApti hotI hai / hama pUchate haiM ki usa dharma kA kyA lakSaNa hai, usake lie pramANa kyA hai ? hama ise batalAte haiM, dhyAna dekara suniye / isa prazna kA uttara jemini muni ne apanI pUrva-mImAMsA meM acchI taraha dikhAyA hai / usa pUrva mImAMsA meM bAraha adhyAya haiM / [ lakSaNa = adhyAya / mImAMsA kA viSaya hI dharma hai / ] tatra prathame'dhyAye vidhyarthavAdamantrasmRtinAmadheyArthakasya zabdarAzeH prAmANyam / dvitIye upodghAtakarma bhedapramANApavAdaprayoga bhedarUpo'rthaH / tRtIye zrutiliGgavAkyAdivirodhapratipatti karmAnArabhyAdhI tabahupra dhAnopakArakaprayAjAdiyAjamAnacintanam / usameM pahale adhyAya meM vidhi, arthavAda, maMtra, smRti aura nAmadheya ke artha meM jo zabdarAzi hai - usI kI prAmANikatA batalAI gaI hai / [ isake prathama pAda ( 32 sUtra ) meM vidhi kA prAmANya, dvitIya pAda ( 53 sUtra ) meM arthavAda aura mantroM kA prAmANya, tRtIyapAda ( 35 sUtra ) meM manu Adi smRtiyoM kA prAmANya tathA caturthapAda ( 30 sUtra ) meM nAma ( Names ) kI prAmANikatA para vicAra kiyA gayA hai / ] dUsare adhyAya meM upodghAta, karmabheda, karmabheda ke prAmANya kA apavAda tathA prayogoM meM bheda - ina viSayoM kA pratipAdana huA hai / [ prathama pAda ( 49 ) meM karmabheda kA varNana karane ke lie upodghAta diyA gayA hai jisameM apUrva kA bodha karAne ke lie AkhyAta ko upayukta mAnA gayA hai, dharma kA varNana sarvottama bhASA meM huI hai / dvitIya pAda (29) meM hI tInoM vedoM meM hai jinakI racanA dhAtubheda, punarukti Adi ke kAraNa

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440 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe karma meM bheda par3ane kA varNana hai| tRtIya pAda ( 29 ) meM uparyukta karmabheda kI prAmANikatA ke apavAda varNita haiM jaba ki caturtha pAda ( 32 ) meM nitya aura kAmya prayogoM ke bIca bheda kA pradarzana hai|] tIsare adhyAya meM zruti, liMga, vAkya Adi aura unake pArasparika virodha, pratipattikarma ( upayukta dravyoM kA viniyoga karanA ), Akasmika rUpa se nirdiSTa vastuoM, bahuta se pradhAna karmoM ke sahAyaka prayAja Adi karma tathA yajamAna ke karmoM kA vicAra huA hai| [ mImAMsA sUtra ke tIsare adhyAya meM ATha pAda haiM / prathamapAda ( 27 sUtra ) meM pramANa, dvitIya pAda ( 43 ) meM liMga-pramANa, tRtIya pAda ( 46 ) meM vAkya-prakaraNa-sthAnasamAkhyA ye cAra pramANa, caturtha pAda ( 57 ) meM nivIta, upavIta Adi karmoM meM, vidhi hai ki arthavAda, isakA nirNaya karane ke lie zruti Adi chahoM pramANoM ke paraspara virodha kI mImAMsA, paMcama pAda ( 53 ) meM pratipatti karmoM kA varNana, SaSTha pAda ( 47 ) meM anArabhyAdhIta arthAt sAmAnya rUpa se vihita karmoM kA varNana, saptama pAda ( 51 ) meM bahuta se pradhAna karmoM ke sahAyaka prayAjAdi karmoM kA varNana tathA aSTama pAda ( 44 ) meM yajamAna ke karmoM kA varNana -isa prakAra isakA pAdagata vibhAjana huA hai| ] vizeSa-zruti Adi chaha pramANoM para mImAMsA meM bahuta jora diyA jAtA hai / jemini ne likhA hai-zrutiliGgavAkyaprakaraNasthAnasamAkhyAnAM samavAye pAradaurbalyamarthaviprakarSAt ( jai0 sU0 3 / 3 / 14 ) zruti, liMga, vAkya, prakaraNa, sthAna, samAkhyAina chahoM meM eka dUsare se saMgharSa hone para pahalevAlA prabala rahatA hai, dUsarA durbala rahatA hai, kyoMki viniyoga ( Application ) rUpI artha pahalevAle kI apekSA dUsare meM vilamba se pratIta hotA hai| inheM samajhane se pahale yaha jAnanA cAhie ki mImAMsA-darzana meM sampUrNa vaidika bhAga ( veda, apauruSeya vAkya ) ko pAMca bhAgoM meM bAMTA hai-vidhi, mantra, nAmadheya, niSedha aura arthavAda / ajJAta vastu ( kisI bhI anya pramANa se ajJAta ) kA jJAna karAnevAlA vaidika bhAga vidhi hai jaise-'agnihotraM juhuyAtvargakAmaH' isa vidhi meM kisI bhI anya pramANa se prApta na honevAle svarga ke prayojana se kiye gaye homa kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| isa vAkya kA artha hai ki agnihotra-homa se svarga kI bhAvanA karanI cAhie ( bhAvanA = utpatti ) / isa vidhi ke cAra bheda haiM-utpattividhi, viniyogavidhi, adhikAravidhi aura prayogavidhi / inameM jo dUsarI viniyoga-vidhi hai usakA artha hai 'pradhAna (homa ) ke sAtha aMgoM ( = devatA, dravya, sAdhana Adi ) kA sambandha batalAnA' / udAharaNa-'danA juhoti' yahAM dadhi aGga hai kyoki homa kA sAdhana hai / dadhi tRtIyA-vibhakti ke dvArA apane aGga hone kA pradarzana kara rahA hai / 'agnihotraM juhoti' isa pradhAna ke sAtha isakA sambandha hai jisakA bodha karAne ke lie ukta 'dadhnA juhoti' vAkya AyA hai| isa prakAra vAkyArtha hogA ki dadhi ke dvArA homa kI bhAvanA kreN|

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jaimini-darzanam 441 iso viniyoga vidhi kI sahAyatA karane ke lie zruti Adi chaha pramANa haiM / jisa samaya yaha prazna utpanna hotA hai ki mantra ke devatA, havi ke dravya yA kisI anya vastu ( aMga ) kA viniyoga kahA~ para ho to isakA nirNaya ye chaha pramANa hI karate haiM / jaba do pramANa eka sAtha A rahe hoM to pahale vAlA hI mAnya hotA hai / aba hama inakA pRthak-pRthak pratipAdana kareM / ( 1 ) zruti - pramANAntara kI apekSA nahIM rakhanevAle zabda ko zruti kahate haiM / isase sarvatra nirNaya kiyA jAtA hai / isake mUlata: do bheda haiM- sAkSAt par3hI gaI tathA anumAna se siddha ( sIdhe par3hI gaI zruti ke udAharaNa meM 'aindrayA gArhapatyamupatiSThate' de sakate haiM / yaha zruti kA hI vAkya hai jisameM batalAyA gayA hai ki indra devatA se sambaddha RcA kA aGga ke rUpa meM pradhAna gArhapatya agni kI upa- sthApanA meM viniyoga hogA / anumAna se siddha zrutiyoM ke udAharaNa meM - 'syonaM te' iti puroDAzasya sadanaM karoti' hai / yaha vAkya zruti meM kahIM nahIM milatA, kintu 'syonaM te sadanaM kRNomi' ( tai0 brA0 3 / 6 ) isa mantra ke artha ko dekhakara usI liMga se mantra ke artha ke anusAra mantra kA viniyoga karanevAlI zruti kA anumAna karate haiM / usI taraha kA viniyoga bhI hotA hai / (2) liMga - kisI zabda ke jo artha prakAzana kI sAmarthya rahatI hai use hI liMga kahate haiM / zruti kA anumAna karAnevAlA liMga do prakAra kA hai-- sIdhA dikhalAI par3ane vAlA tathA anumAna ke dvArA jJAta / sAmarthya kA artha rUr3hi hai, ataH liMga - pramANa meM rUr3hi ( paramparAgata zabdArtha ) kA abhidhAna hotA hai, jabaki samAkhyA meM yaugika zabda kA artha dekhA jAtA hai / udAharaNa ke lie 'bahirdeva sadanaM dAmi' ( he deva ! maiM tumhAre sthAna ke lie kuza kATatA hU~ ) - yaha mantra kuzalavana ( chedana ) rUpI aGga hai / barhiSu zabda kuza ke artha meM hI rUr3ha hai, ataH anya tRNoM ke kATane kA prasaMga utpanna nahIM hotA / usI prakAra - devasya tvA savituH prasave'zvinorbAhubhyAM pUSNo hastAbhyAmagne juSTaM nirvapAmi ( tai0 saM0 11114 ) yaha eka hI vAkya hai, jinameM yogyatA, AkAMkSA Adi ke kAraNa paraspara anvita padoM kA samUha hai / isameM pratyakSa dikhalAI par3atA hai ki 'devasya tvA' juSTam' Adi bhAga kI sAmarthya nirvApa -artha kA prakAzana karane kI hai| vAkya Adi kI apekSA liMga prabalatara hotA hai / 'syonaM te sadanaM kRNomi' isa mantra ko puroDAza sthApanarUpI pradhAna karma ke aGga ke rUpa meM jAnate haiM / yaha jJAna 'sadanaM kRNomi' isa liMga ko dekhakara hI hotA hai, vAkya se nahIM / isa vAkya meM 'agnaye (3) vAkya - aGga ( zeSa ) aura pradhAna ( zeSI ) bodhaka padoM kA eka sAtha uccAraNa karanA ( samabhivyAhAra ) vAkya hai / yogyatA, AkAMkSA Adi isameM rahatI hai / vAkya uparyukta liMga kA anumAna karatA hai / udAharaNa meM 'samidho yajati' de sakate haiM / isameM iSTa-vizeSa kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA gayA hai, ataH AkAMkSA hotI hai ki samidhAoM ke

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442 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe yAga se bhAvanA kisakI kareM ? darzapUrNamAsa ke vidhi vAkya meM bhI svarga kI bhAvanA kaise kareM, yaha AkAMkSA hotI hI hai / smaraNIya hai ki isI AkAMkSA ko prakaraNa- pramANa kahate haiM / 'yasthAH parNamayI juhurbhavati na sa pApaM zlokaM zRNoti' isa vAkya meM parNatA aura juhU ( ardhacandrAkAra eka pAtravizeSa ) kA eka sAtha uccAraNa huA hai, ataH isI se juhU (pradhAna) kA aGga parNa ( palAza ) hai, yaha mAlUma hotA hai / juhU ke dvArA jisa apUrva ( karmaphala, puNya ) kI bhAvanA arthAt utpAdana karate haiM, usake lie parNa kI anivArya AvazyakatA hai / binA parNa ke apUrva kI siddhi nahIM hotI / ( 4 ) prakaraNa - jahA~ para upakArI kI ( kisakI bhAvanA kareM, isakI ) tathA upakAraka kI ( kaise bhAvanA kareM, isakI ) AkAMkSA ho use prakaraNa kahate haiM / udAharaNa Upara de cuke haiM / ' samidho yajati' / jahA~ mukhya bhAvanA se sambaddha prakaraNa ho use mahAprakaraNa kahate haiM, jahA~ aGga ko bhAvanA se sambaddha prakaraNa ho use avAntara prakaraNa kahate haiM / mahAprakaraNa ke kAraNa hI prayAja Adi karmoM ko darzapUrNamAsa kA aGga mAnate haiM / avAntara prakaraNa ke kAraNa abhikramaNa ( ghUmanA ) Adi prayAja ke aGga hote haiM / sthAna Adi kI apekSA prakaraNa balavAna hotA hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki 'akSerdIvyati' 'rAjanyo jinAti' ityAdi vAkyoM meM, jahA~ krIr3A, vijaya Adi kA ullekha hai, sandeha hotA hai ki yaha rAjasUya kA aMga hai ki somayAga kA ? samAna deza meM pATha hone se to ise ( sthAna - pramANa se ) somayAga kA aMza samajhanA cAhie kintu rAjasUya meM upakAraka hI AkAMkSA hone ke kAraNa devana ( dIvyati ) Adi kA vidhAna hai, ataH prakaraNa - pramANa se vaha rAjasUya kA hI aMga ho jAyagA / (5) sthAna - eka ho deza sthAna ko krama bhI kahate haiM / 'aindrAgnamekAdazakapAlaM nirvapeda' ( tai0 saM0 2 / 2 / 11), 'vaizvAnaraM dvAdazakapAlaM nirvapet' ( tai0 saM0 2 / 215 ) isa krama se iSTiyoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| ataH 'indrAgnI rocanA divaH' ( tai0 saM0 4 / 2 / 11 ) ityAdi jo yAjyAnuvAkya ( 'yaja' vidhi ke bAda brahmA ke dvArA uccarita ) mantroM kA viniyoga krama se hogA - pahale mantra kA pahale, dUsare mantra kA bAda meM Adi / isa prakAra pATha ke vizeSa krama ke kAraNa donoM kI akAMkSA ( prakaraNa ) kA anumAna hotA hai / prakaraNa ke dvArA vAkya kA, vAkya se liMga kA aura zruti kA zruti ke dvArA viniyoga kA anumAna hotA / ( 6 ) samAkhyA - yaugika zabdoM ko samAkhyA kahate haiM / jaise-hotram, odgAtram / hotR ke dvArA kiye jAnevAle karmoM ko hotra kahate haiM ataH 'hotra' nAma se jisakA vidhAna ho use hotR ke dvArA kiye jAne yogya karma samajheM / / isa prakAra viniyoga vidhi ke lie ye chaha pramANa hote haiM jo vidhAna hotA hai usase adhika prabala pATha kA krama hotA hai, : yaugika zabdoM ke artha se kyoMki usase zIghra hI

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jaimini-varzanam 443 viniyoga samajha meM AtA hai / yaugika zabda ke dvArA vilamba kI sambhAvanA hai| krama se. adhika prabala prakaraNa hai kyoMki AkAMkSA kA zravaNa hone se arthabodha zIghra hotA hai / vAkya meM AkAMkSA se bhI adhika prabalatA hai, kyoMki aMga aura pradhAna kA eka sAtha usameM uccAraNa hI hotA hai / vAkya kI apekSA liMga meM arthabodha kI adhika zakti hai aura anta meM zruti to sarvocca hai hii| jahA~ viniyoga ke lie sAkSAt zruti nahIM milatI vahIM para anya pramANoM kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai / ( vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie artha-saMgraha yA mImAMsAnyAyaprakAza dekheN|) caturthe pradhAnaprayojakatvApradhAnaprayojakatvajuhUparNatAdiphalarAjasUyagatajaghanyAGgAkSabUtAdicintA / paJcame zrutyAdikrama-tadvizeSavRddhayavardhanaprAbalyadaurbalyacintA / SaSThe'dhikAritaddharmadravyapratinidhyarthalopanaprAyazcitta-satradeyavahnivicAraH / saptame prtykssvcnaatideshshessnaamlinggaatideshvicaarH| cauthe adhyAya meM pradhAna karmoM kI prayojakatA ( jaise pradhAna karma AmikSA dadhyAnayana-rUpI dUsare karma kA prayojaka hai ), apradhAna karmoM kI prayojakatA ( jaise vatsApAkaraNa karma zAkhAccheda kA prayojaka hai ), parNa arthAt palAza kI banI huI juha Adi ke phala tathA rAjasUya-yAga (pradhAna ) ke antargata AnevAle apradhAna ( jaghanya ) aMgoM jaise akSa-bUta ( akSerdIvyati ) Adi kA vicAra huA hai| [ ukta cAroM praznoM kA vicAra isake cAra pAdoM ( 48+31 + 41 + 41 ) meM huA hai jo spaSTa hai|] pA~caveM adhyAya meM zruti Adi kA krama, unake vibhinna bhAgoM kA krama, karmoM kI vRddhi aura avRddhi tathA zruti Adi kI prabalatA evaM durbalatA kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| [ isake prathama pAda ( 35 ) meM zruti, artha, paThanAdi ke krama kA nirUpaNa huA hai| dvitIya pAda ( 23 ) meM krama ke viziSTa bhAgoM kA varNana huA hai, jaise aneka pazuoM ke hone para 1. jisa prakAra viniyoga-vidhi ke chaha pramANa haiM usI prakAra prayogavidhi ke bhI chaha pramANa haiM-zruti, artha, pATha, sthAna, mukhya tathA pravRtti ye krama ( Order ) kA bodha karAkara prayoga-vidhi kI sahAyatA karate haiM / vedaM kRtvA vedi karoti-meM zruti se hI karmoM kI pUrvAparatA mAlUma hotI hai / 'agnihotraM juhoti yavAgU pacati' meM prayojana yA artha ke dvArA krama mAlUma hotA hai ki yavAgU homArthaka hai, ata: usakA vAkya pIche rahane para bhI pahale vahI kAma hogA ( yvaaguupaak)| ina donoM kramoM ke na rahane para pATha kA krama hI prAmANika hotA hai jisa krama se veda meM pATha hai usI krama se kAma karanA hai| deza-kAla ke anusAra jo jahA~ upasthita hai vaha pahale kareM, dUsarA pIche ( yaha sthAna-krama hai)| pradhAna ke krama se aMgoM ko rakhanA mukhya-krama hai / jisa krama se AdityAdi pradhAna devatAoM kI pUjA ho usI krama se unake adhidevatAoM kI pUjA kreN| pravRtti-krama vaha hai jisameM eka sthAna para jaisA huA usI krama se dUsarI jagaha bhI hogA-aisA vicAra rhe|

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444 sarvadarzanasaMgraha eka-eka pazu ke dharma kI samApti kI jAya / tRtIya pAda ( 44 ) meM vRddhi aura avRddhi para vicAra huA hai, jaise agni aura soma ko eka sAtha diye jAnevAle ( agniSomIya ) pazu meM gyAraha prayAjoM kA yajJa hotA hai / to isameM pAMca prayAjoM kI puna: AvRtti karake antima prayAja kI eka bAra aura AvRtti karane para gyAraha saMkhyA pUrNa ho jAtI hai yaha vRddhi huI, kahIM para aisA nahIM karake pahale jaisI hI saMkhyA chor3a dete haiM / caturtha pAda ( 26 ) meM zruti Adi chaha pramANoM meM pahale ke pramANa prabala haiM, bAda ke durbala, isakA vicAra huA hai|] chaThe adhyAya meM yajJa karane ke adhikArI vyakti, unake dharma, yajJa meM prayukta hone ke lie vihita dravyoM ke ( na milane para ) sthAna meM diye gaye dravya, dravyoM kA lopa, prAyazcitta karma, satrakarma, deya vastu tathA vibhinna agniyoM meM homa-inakA varNana hai| [ SaSThAdhyAya meM ATha pAda haiN| prathama pAda ( 52 ) meM yajJa karane ke adhikArI kA nirUpaNa huA hai ki AMkha vAlA hI yajJa kara sakatA hai, andhA nhiiN| dvitIya pAda ( 31 ) meM adhikAriyoM ke dharma kA vicAra huA hai / tRtIya pAda ( 41 ) meM mukhya vastu ke abhAva meM prApya vastu kA kahA~-kahA~ grahaNa kareM, kahAM nahIM, isakA vicAra huA hai| caturtha pAda ( 47 ) meM kisa vastu kA kahA~ lopa hotA hai, yaha nirUpita huA hai| paMcama pAda ( 56 ) meM kahIM bhUla ho jAne para prAyazcitta karane kA vidhAna hai| SaSTha pAda ( 39 ) meM satra nAmaka yajJa ke adhikAriyoM kA varNana huA hai| saptama pAda ( 40 ) meM adeya tathA deya vastuoM kA varNana huA hai / aSTama pAda ( 43 ) meM yaha vicAra hai ki laukika agni meM kahAM homa kreN|] sAtaveM adhyAya meM vaidika vAkyoM ke pratyakSa Adeza se kisI yajJa ke karmoM kA dUsare yajJa meM sthAnAntaraNa (prathama pAda 23), avaziSTa vicAra ( tRtIya pAda 21 ), [ agnihotra Adi ] nAmoM ke kAraNa sthAnAntaraNa ( tRtIya pAda 36 ) tathA liMga ke kAraNa sthAnAntaraNa ( caturtha pAda 20 ) kA varNana hai| aSTame spssttaaspssttprbllinggaatideshaapvaadvicaarH| navame uuhvicaaraarmbhsaamohmntrohttprsnggaagtvicaarH| dazame bAdhahetudvAralopavistArabAdhakAraNakAryakatvasamuccayagrahAdisAmaprakIrNanaJarthavicAraH / ekAdaze tantropodghAtantrAvApatantraprapaJcanavApaprapaJcanacintanAni / dvAdaze prsnggtntrinirnnysmuccyviklpvicaarH| ___ AThaveM adhyAya meM spaSTa liMgoM ke dvArA kiye gaye atideza ( prathama pAda 43 ), aspaSTa liMgoM ke dvArA kiye gaye atideza yA sthAnAntaraNa ( dvitIya pAda 32 ), prabala liMgoM se kiye gaye sthAnAntaraNa ( tRtIya pAda 36 ) tathA anta meM ina atidezoM arthAt sthAnAntaraNoM ke apavAda pradarzita haiM ( caturtha pAda 27 ) / narve adhyAya meM Uha ( mantra meM Aye hue devatA, liMga, saMkhyA Adi ke vAcaka zabdoM kA prayogavizeSa meM avasara ke anusAra parivartana ) ke vicAra kA prArambha ( prathama pAda

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jaimini-darzanam 445 58), sAmoM kA Uha ( dvitIya pAda 60 ), mantroM kA Uha ( tRtIya pAda 43 ) tathA anta meM Uha ke prasaMga meM uThane vAle praznoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai ( caturtha pAda 60 ) / dasaveM adhyAya ( ATha pAda ) meM pahale bAdha ( niSedha ) ke kAraNasvarUpa dvAroM (kAraNoM) ke lopa kA varNana huA hai ( prathama pAda 58) [ jahA~ vedi-niSpAdanarUpI mukhya karma ( dvAra ) kA hI abhAva hai, vahAM vedi-niSpAdana karma meM sahAyaka uddhanana Adi aMgakAryoM kA bAdha ( niSedha ) ho hI jaaygaa| jahA~ dhAnya ko tuSarahita karanA hI nahIM hai, vahA~ avahanana kA niSedha ho jAyagA / ] taba usI dvAralopa kA vistAra bahuta se udAharaNoM ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai (dvitIya pAda 74 ) / isake bAda kArya kI ekatA ko bAdha kA kAraNa batalAyA hai (tRtIya pAda 75 ) [ jaise prakRti ( Sample ) yAga meM go, azva Adi kI dakSiNA kA kArya Rtvikparigraha mAnA gayA hai, vikRti ( Deviating from the sample ) yAga meM usI kArya ke lie dhenu kI dakSiNA kahI gayI hai / isa prakAra 'prakRtivat' zabda ke dvArA jahA~ atideza yA sthAnAntaraNa kiyA gayA hai, usase prApta hone vAlI go, azva Adi kI dakSiNA kA niSedha hai / ] usake bAda bAdha ke kAraNoM ke na hone para samuccaya (caturtha pAda 59), bAdha kA prasaMga uThane para grahAdi kA vicAra ( paMcama pAda 8 ), bAdha ke prasaMga meM hI sAmavicAra ( SaSTha pAda 80), isI prasaMga meM vibhinna sAmAnya praznoM para vicAra ( saptama pAda 73 ) tathA anta meM bAdha karane vAle navartha kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai ( aSTama pAda 70) / [smaraNIya hai ki parimANa kI dRSTi se dazamAdhyAya sabhI adhyAyoM se bar3A hai|] ___ gyArahaveM adhyAya meM tantra kA upoddhAta ( prathama pAda 71 ), tantra aura AvApa (dvitIya pAda 66), tantra kA vistAra (tRtIya pAda 54 ) tathA AvApa ke vistAra (caturtha pAda 56 ) para vicAra huA hai / [ aneka lakSyoM kA dhyAna rakhate hue eka hI sAtha anuSThAna karanA tantra hai| eka hI kAma kareM aura bahutoM ko lAbha ho, jaise bahuta logoM ke bIca sthApita dIpaka / lekina jo AvRtti (duharAne ) para bahutoM kA upakAra kare vaha AvApa hai, jaise bahuta logoM kA bhojana jo pArI-pArI se sambhava hai| jaba dUsare ke uddezya se dUsarI vastuoM kA bhI eka hI sAtha anuSThAna kareM to use prasaMga kahate haiN|] bArahaveM adhyAya meM prasaMga ( eka mukhya uddezya se kiyA jAne para bhI dUsare kA prasaMgataH ullekha ) kA vicAra (prathama pAda 46 ), tantriyoM ( sAdhAraNa dharmoM se yukta) kA nirNaya (dvitIya pAda 37 ), samuccaya (tRtIya pAda 38 ) tathA vikalpa (caturtha pAdra 47 ) kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| vizeSa-Astika darzana kI vyAkhyA se mAdhavAcArya kI eka pravRtti dekhane meM AtI hai ki unhoMne sUtra-granthoM kI viSaya-vastu kI sUcI de dI hai| jina darzanoM meM ( jese sAMkhya ) ve aisA nahIM kara sake unake sUtra-anya unake samakSa upalabdha nahIM the yA the to prAmANika

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446 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe nahIM the| isase pUre grantha ke viSayoM kA avagAhana karAnA unakA lakSya thaa| isake bAda usa darzana kI mukhya samasyAoM para bhI ve vicAra karate haiM / ( 2. prathama sUtra tathA adhikaraNa kA nirUpaNa ) tatrAthAto dharmajijJAsA ( jai0 sU0 1111) iti prathamamadhikaraNaM pUrvamImAMsArambhopapAdanaparam / adhikaraNaM ca paJcAvayavAmAcakSate priiksskaaH| te ca paJcAvayavA vissysNshypuurvpksssiddhaantsNgtiruupaaH| unameM 'athAto dharmajijJAsA' ( aba isalie dharma kI jijJAsA Arambha hotI hai, jai0 sU0 1|1|1)--yh prathama adhikaraNa (Topic ) hai jisakA uddezya pUrva mImAMsA ke Arambha kA upapAdana (siddhi ) karanA hai| parIkSaka loga kahate haiM ki adhikaraNa meM pAMca avayava ( aMga ) rahate haiN| ve pAMcoM avayava haiM-viSaya, saMzaya, 'pUrvapakSa, siddhAnta aura saMgati / vizeSa-vedoM meM pratipAdita yAga Adi ko dharma kahate haiM, usako jijJAsA arthAt vicAra karanA cAhie / cUMki adhyayana kA phala hai arthajJAna, isalie gurukula meM rahakara vedAdhyayana karake dharma kA vicAra karanA cAhie-yahI sUtra kA artha hai| kisI bhI zAstra kA adhyayana kaI adhikaraNoM meM baMTA rahatA haiM / ina adhikaraNoM kI eka nizcita vidhA hai jisameM pAMca avayava rahate haiN| jisa para AdhArita hokara koI vicAra pravRtta hotA hai use viSaya ( Subject ) kahate haiM / yahA~ para zAstra hI viSaya hai| viSaya kA ullekha karane ke anantara saMzaya ( Doubt ) kA sthAna hai jisameM do yA do se adhika pakSoM kI saMbhAvanA para vicAra hotA hai| ye donoM pakSa kahIM to bhAvarUpa ( Affirmative ) hote haiM-yaha sthANu hai yA puruSa ? kahIM para bhAva aura abhAva donoM rUpoM meM rahate haiM--yahA~ puruSa hai yA nahIM ? vAdI ke dvArA pratipAdita vastu ko pUrvapakSa ( Opposition ) kahate haiM jisameM prastuta vastu ke virodha meM tarka kA upanyAsa hotA hai| nirNaya karanA siddhAnta ( Reply ) hai| saMgati ( Rec.nc liation ) tIna haiM-zAstrasaMgati, adhyAyasaMgati tathA pAdasaMgati / koI vicAra kisa zAstra meM, kisa adhyAya meM aura kisa pAda meM karanA ThIka hai, yahI saMgati hai / usI prakAra pUrvAdhikaraNa aura uttarAdhikaraNa meM pArasparika avAntarasaMgati bhI ThIka kI jAtI hai| kumArila bhaTTa ke anuyAyI loga saMgati ko adhikaraNa ke aMga ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karate / ve loga uttara ko adhikaraNa mAnate haiM / vAdiyoM ke mata kA khaMDana karanevAlA vAkya hI uttara hai| usake bAda nirNaya kA sthAna hai cUMki khaMDana galata uttara dekara bhI ho sakatA hai ata: nirNaya ko pRthak rakhA gayA hai / bhATToM kA yaha kahanA hai viSayo vizayazcaiva pUrvapakSastathottaram / nirNayazceti paJcAGga zAstre'dhikaraNaM smRtam //

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jaimini-darzanam 447 vizaya kA artha hai saMzaya ( saMdeha ) / yadyapi sabhI darzanoM meM adhikaraNoM kI siddhi ho sakatI hai parantu donoM mImAMsAeM ( pUrva aura uttara ) isa dRSTi se bahuta Age haiN| unameM bhI jaimini kI pUrvamImAMsA ke adhikaraNa aura bhI prasiddha haiM, kyoMki sUtra bhI adhikaraNoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara hI likhe gaye lagate haiM / mImAMsA ke adhikaraNoM kA saMkalana. bhI jaiminIyanyAyamAlA Adi granthoM meM huA hai| (3, bhATTamata se adhikaraNa kA nirUpaNa ) tatrAcAryamatAnusAreNAdhikaraNaM nirUpyate / 'svAdhyAyo'dhyetavyaH' ityetadvAkyaM viSayaH 'codanAlakSaNo'rtho dharmaH' ( jai0 sU0 1 / 1 / 2 ) iti Arabhya 'anvAhArye ca darzanAt' (jai0 sU0 12 / 4 / 47 ) ityetadantaM jaiminIyaM dharmazAstramanArabhyamArabhyaM veti saMdehaH / adhyayanavidheradRSTArthatvadRSTArthatvAbhyAm / aba unameM AcArya ( kumArila bhaTTa ) ke mata se adhikaraNa kA nirUpaNa kreN| svAdhyAya arthAt veda kA adhyayana karanA cAhie' yaha vAkya hI viSaya hai| 'pravRtti utpanna karanevAle vAkyoM se lakSita vastu hI dharma hai' (jai0 sU0 111 / 2 ) yahA~ se Arambha karake 'ise anvAhArya meM dekhane para bhI yahI siddha hotA hai' ( jai0 sU0 12 / 4 / 47 ) yahA~ taka jo jaimini kA likhA huA dharmazAstra hai, use AraMbha kareM yA nahIM--yahI sandeha hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki adhyayana-vidhi ( svAdhyAyo'dhyetavyaH ) ko kucha matoM se dRSTArtha ( sAkSAtprayojana kI siddhi karanevAlA ) aura kucha matoM se adRSTArtha ( adRSTa prayojana, jaise svargaprApti Adi prayojanoM kI siddhi karanevAlA ) mAnate haiN| [ 'svAdhyAyo'dhyetavyaH' kA dRSTa prayojana hai arthajJAna / yadyapi AcArya ke dvArA kiye gaye uccAraNa ke anusAra usI taraha kI AnupUrvI rakhate hue ziSya ko bhI uccAraNa karanA caahie| kintu adhyayanavidhi kA tAtparya kevala yahIM taka nahIM hai| arthajJAna-rUpI sAkSAt prayojana taka isakA tAtparya hai / arthajJAna vicAra ke binA saMbhava hI nhiiN| ataH jaimini ke dvArA prokta ( Taught ) yaha vicAra-zAstra vidhi para kRpA karake zurU karanA hI cAhie / adhyayana-vidhi ko dRSTArtha mAnane para mImAMsA-zAstra kA AraMbha Avazyaka hai| dUsarI ora, yadi adhyayana-vidhi ko adRSTArtha mAneM, yaha kaheM ki svAdhyAya kA tAtparya kevala svargAdi kI prApti paryanta hai arthajJAna paryanta nahIM, to vicAra karane kI koI AvazyakatA hI nahIM / vicArazAstra se vidhi para koI prabhAva par3egA hI nahIM to mImAMsAsUtra kA Arambha hI kyoM kareM ? isI se do pakSa ho jAte haiM aura sandeha utpanna hotA hai|] (3 ka. pUrvapakSa-zAstrArambha ThIka nahIM) tatrAnArabhyamiti pUrvaH pakSaH / adhyayanavidhararthAvabodhalakSaNa dRSTaphalakatvAnupapatteH / arthAvabodhArthamadhyayanavidhiriti badan vAvI.

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448 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe praSTavyaH-kimatyantamaprAptamadhyayanaM vidhIyate kiM vA pAkSikamavaghAtavanniyamyata iti ? ___ to, pUrvapakSa yaha huA ki mImAMsA-zAstra kA Arambha hI nahIM karanA cAhie / adhyayana-vidhi se arthAvabodha hotA hai, isa adRSTa phala kI siddhi nahIM hotii| jo vAdI aisA kahate haiM ki arthAvabodha ke lie adhyayana-vidhi hai, to unase pUchanA cAhie-kyA adhyayana kisI bhI dUsare sAdhana meM prApta nahIM thA, isalie vidhAna karate haiM (kyA adhyayana-vidhi apUrva-vidhi hai ) yA dUsare sAdhana se vaikalpika ho jAne ke calate, avaghAta-vidhi ke samAna, ise niyama meM bAMdhate haiN| ( kyA adhyayana-vidhi niyama hai ?) vizeSa--pUrvapakSI prazna karatA hai ki adhyayanavAlI vidhi apUrva-vidhi hai yA niyamavidhi ? apUrva-vidhi use kahate haiM, jisameM kisI vidhi ( Injunction ) kA prayojana kisI bhI anya pramANa se prApta na ho , ataH usa prayojana ke lie vidhi dI jaay| udAharaNa ke lie 'yajeta svrgkaamH'| yAga se svarga-prApti hogI, isa prayojana kI siddhi kisI pramANa se nahIM hogI, kevala isI vidhi se isakA jJAna ho sakatA hai, ataH ise apUrva-vidhi kahate haiM / jahA~ para aneka sAdhanoM se kriyA kI siddhi ho sake, eka sAdhana prApta ho, kintu dUsare aprApta-to ina aprApta kAraNoM kA bodha karAnevAlI vidhi niyama-vidhi ( Restrictive injunction ) kahalAtI hai| jaise-vrIhInavahanti ( avaghAta-vidhi ) / isa vidhi se yaha sUcita nahIM hotA ki avaghAta dhAna ko tuSarahita karaneke lie hotA hai, kyoMki yaha to loka meM prasiddha hI hai| kintu yahAM para niyama-vidhi hai ki aprApta aMza kI pUrti kI jAtI hai / tuSarahita karanA nAnA upAyoM se ho sakatA hai koI dhAna ko nAkhUnoM se chIla sakatA hai, koI cakkI meM dala sakatA hai, koI avaghAta kara sakatA hai Adi / jaba koI vyakti avaghAta ( mUsala se chA~TanA ) chor3akara kisI dUsare upAya kA grahaNa karanA cAhatA hai, to avaghAta kI aprApti ho jAtI hai| isa vidhi ke dvArA usI aprApta avaghAta kA niyamana karate haiM ki anya upAyoM se nahIM, kevala avaghAta ke dvArA hI dhAna kA tuSa chudd'aayeN| pAkSika rUpa se aprApta vastu kI prApti karanevAlI vidhi niyama-vidhi hai / ise kahA gayA hai vidhiratyantamaprApte niyamaH pAkSike sati / tatra cAnyatra ca prApta parisaMkhyeti gIyate // niyama-vidhi meM to eka kI aprApti aura dUsare kI prApti rahane para aprApta vastu kI pUrti kI jAtI hai, parisaMkhyA-vidhi ( Exclusive specification ) meM eka hI sAtha do kI prApti rahatI hai aura taba eka kI nivRtti karate haiM jaise 'paJca-paJcanakhA bhakSyAH ' / isakA artha hai, pAMca paJcanakhoM ke atirikta ('zazakaH zallako godhA khaDgI kUrmo'tha paJcamaH' ) kisI dUsare paMcanakha jIva kA bhakSaNa manA hai| isa prakAra yaha nivRtti parisaMkhyA dvArA hI hotI hai|

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jaimini-darzanam 449 na tAvavAdyaH / vivAdapadaM vedAdhyayanamarthAvabodhaheturadhyayanatvAda, bhAratAdhyayanavat-ityanumAnena vidhyanapekSatayA prAptatvAt / astu tarhi dvitIyo yathA nakhavidalanAdinA taNDulaniSpattisambhavAt pAkSiko'vaghAto'vazyaM kartavya iti vidhinA niyamyate, tathA likhitapAThenArthajJAnasambhavAtpAkSikamadhyayanaM vidhinA niyamyata iti cet / [ pUrvapakSI kahate haiM ki ] inameM pahalA vikalpa to mAnA nahIM jA sakatA, kyoMki nimnalikhita anumAna se yaha siddha ho jAyagA ki kisI vidhi kI apekSA na rakhate hue bhI yaha ( vedAdhyayana ) [ usa arthAvabodha ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM ] prApta hogA 'prastuta vedAdhyayana arthabodha karane ke lie hai, kyoMki yaha eka adhyayana hai, jaise mahAbhArata kA adhyayana [ artha-jJAna ke lie hotA hai ] / ' [abhiprAya yaha hai ki yadi apUrva-vidhi mAnakara Apa (siddhAntI) loga, vedAdhyayana artha-jJAna ke lie hai, aisA siddha karate haiM, to vidhi kI koI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai / mahAbhArata ke adhyayana kI taraha veda kA adhyayana bhI loga binA kisI vidhi ke artha-jJAna ke lie hI kara leNge|] acchA, dUsarA vikalpa lIjiye [ ki yaha niyamavidhi hai ] / jaise nakhoM ke dvArA vidalana ( nAkhUna se dAnoM ko chIlanA ) Adi (= avaghAta ) se cAvala kI niSpatti ho sakatI hai, kintu pAkSika rUpa se ( eka vizeSa upAya ) avaghAta kA hI prayoga Avazyaka hai, isa vidhi ke dvArA niyamana ( Restriction ) kiyA jAtA hai [ki anya upAyoM se taNDula-niSpatti nahIM kI jAya ] / usI prakAra likhita pATha se bhI artha ke jJAna kI sambhAghanA hone se pAkSika rUpa se ( eka vizeSa upAya ) adhyayana ko hI vidhi ke dvArA niyamita kiyA jAtA hai| [ tAtparya yaha hai ki guru ke upadeza ko chor3akara kevala likhita pATha se hI artha-jJAna ke lie koI pravRtta ho jAya to adhyayana aprApta ho jAyagA, jisakA vidhAna karanA caahie| isalie pAkSika rUpa se jo adhyayana aprApta hai, usI ke niyamana ke lie yaha vidhi hai|] netaccaturastram / dRSTAntavArTAntikayovadharmyasambhavAt / avaghAtaniSpanareva taNDulaH piSTapuroDAzAdikaraNe'vAntarApUrvadvArA darzapUrNamAsau paramApUrvamutpAdayato nAparathA / ato'pUrvamavaghAtasya niymhetuH| prakRte likhitapAThajanyenAdhyayanajanyena vA'rthAvabodhena tvanuSThAnasiddharadhyayanasya niyamaheturnAstyeva / tasmAdarthAvabodhahetuvicArazAstrasya vaidhatvaM nAstIti / pakSI kahate haiM ki ] ApakA yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM (caturasra = acchA ), kAraNa yaha hai ki dRSTAnta ( Instance ) tathA prastuta vastu (dASTAntika The object for 290 .

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450 sarvadarzanasaMgrahewhich the instance is given ) meM vaidharmya kI sambhAvanA hai| kevala avaghAta ke dvArA niSpanna cAvaloM ke pIse jAne para jaba puroDAza ( yajJa meM prayukta roTI kI taraha kA padArtha) Adi nirmita hote haiM tabhI avAntara ( sahAyaka ) apUrva ke dvArA darza ( amAvasyA kA yAga ) aura pUrNamAsa yAga parama ( mukhya ) apUrva ( arthAt svargAdi ) utpanna kara sakate haiM, kisI anya sAdhana se nhiiN| [ darzapUrNamAsa Adi yAgoM se mukhya apUrva arthAt puNya kI utpati hotI hai / svargAdi mukhya puNya haiM / inakI utpatti meM sahAyaka puNya ko avAntara apUrva kahate haiM / avaghAtAdi se inakI utpatti hotI hai / adRSTa vastu kI utpatti meM kAryakAraNa bhAva zAstra se hI mAlama hotA hai|] ___ ata: avaghAta ke niyama kA kAraNa apUrva ( puNya ) hI hai| [ yadi avaghAta-rUpI niyama se utpanna hone vAle adRSTa kI kalpanA nahIM hotI yA kalpanA karane para bhI yadi vaha mukhya apUrva kI utpatti meM sahAyaka nahIM banatA to avaghAtavidhi kA zAstra hI vyartha ho jaataa| dhAna ko tuSarahita karane ke lie vidhi kI AvazyakatA nahIM thii| loga dhAna se cAvala nikAlanA bhalI-bhAMti jAnate haiM / isalie avaghAtaniyama kA ekamAtra kAraNa yahI hai ki darzapUrNamAsa yAga se utpanna honevAle mukhya apUrva kI siddhi isase hotI hai / ] prastuta vidhi meM, likhita pATha se bhI arthabodha ho sakatA hai aura adhyayana se bhI,ataH arthabodha ke bAda jo kratu ( yajJa ) kA anuSThAna kiyA jAyagA, usameM niyama-hetu rahegA hI nahIM / [ avaghAta-vidhi aura adhyayana-vidhi meM samAnatA sthApita nahIM kI jA sktii| avaghAta-vidhi kama-se-kama apUrva kA hetu hai, parantu adhyayana-vidhi apUrva kA hetu nahIM / aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki 'svAdhyAyo'dhyetavyaH' kI vidhi arthajJAna ( phala ) ke uddezya se do gaI hai, kyoMki adhyayana ke binA bhI kevala likhita pATha se arthajJAna ho sakatA hai / jaba arthajJAna ho jAyagA taba yajJAdi karma kA anuSThAna karanA sambhava hI hai / jese avaghAtaniyama se utpanna honevAle avAntarApUrva ko asvIkAra karane para mukhyApUrva kI utpatti nahIM hotI ataH mukhyApUrva hI avAntara apUrva kA hetu hai, vaha bAta adhyayana-vidhi ke sAtha nahIM / artha ke jJAna ke lie adhyayana ke niyama se utpanna avAntara apUrva svIkAra kara lene meM koI hetu dikhalAI nahIM pdd'taa| ] ataH adhyayana-vidhi ko niyamavidhi nahIM mAna skte|] tahi zrUyamANasya vidheH kA gatiriti cet-svargaphalako'kSaragrahaNamAtravidhiriti bhvaanpritussytu| vizvajinnyAyenAzrutasyApi svargasya kalpayituM zakyatvAt / yathA 'sa svargaH sarvAnpratyaviziSTatvAt' (jai0 sU0 4 / 3 / 15) iti vizvajiti azrutamapyadhikAriNaM sampAdayatA, tadvizeSaNaM svargaH phalaM yuktyA niragAyi tadvadadhyayane'pyastu / taduktam 1. vinApi vidhinA dRSTalAbhAnna hi tadarthatA / kalpyastu vidhisAmarthyAtsvargo vizvajivAdivat //

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jaimini-darzanam 451 santoSa taba ukta zrIta ( vedokta ) vidhi kI kyA gati hogI ? Apa ghabarAyeM nahIM, kareM, [ apUrva kA utpAdana karake ] yaha vidhi svarga kA phala denevAlI hai aura yaha kevala akSara-grahaNa karane ke lie hI vihita hai / [ yaha apUrvavidhi hai kyoMki isa vidhi ke binA mAlUma nahIM ho sakatA ki adhyayana svarga prApti karAtA hai / yaha pUcha sakate haiM ki adhyayanavidhi meM svarga prApti kahA~ dI huI hai ki Apa isase svarga - phala kI upalabdhi bole cale jA rahe haiM ? ] yadyapi adhyayana - vidhi ( = svAdhyAyo'dhyetavyaH ) meM svarga-zabda nahIM sunAI par3atA, parantu vizvajita - nyAya se usakI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai / jaise jaimini ne apane sUtra - 'vaha phala svarga hI hai kyoMki saboM ke lie yaha eka samAna hai' ( 4|3|15 ) meM yaha nizcaya kiyA hai ki vizvajita-yAga meM jinakA spaSTa ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai ve loga bhI isake adhikArI haiM, punaH yuktipUrvaka unhoMne yaha bhI nirNaya kiyA hai ki vizvajitayAga kA viziSTa phala svarga hI hai, -adhyayana vidhi meM bhI yahI bAta kyoM na mAna lI jAya ? [ sUtra kA artha hai ki svarga cUMki duHkha se sarvathA aspRSTa aura niratizaya sukha kA AgAra hai ata: vizvajita - vidhi ( vizvajitA yajeta ) kA bhI koI phala nahIM diyA gayA hai / jaimini siddha karate haiM ki vizvajita kA phala svarga hai kyoMki sAre sakAma vyakti isakI hI kAmanA karate haiM / 'jyotiSTomena svargakAmo yajeta' jesI spaSTa vidhi hai vesI 'vizvajitA yajeta' nahIM, kyoMki isameM kisI kartA kA ullekha hI nahIM ki amuka kAmanAvAlA vyakti isa ( vizvajityAga ) ke dvArA apUrva kI bhAvanA kare / taba isakA adhikArI kauna ho ? isIlie kucha phala kI kalpanA karanI hI par3egI aura usI phala kI kAmanA rakhanevAlA vyakti isa yAga kA adhikArI banegA / jaba kalpanA hI para calanA hai to aisA phala kyoM na cuneM jisake lie sabhI utsuka hoM / vaha phala hai svarga, jisakI abhilASA sabhI loga karate haiM / isI nyAya se adhyayana - vidhi ke phala kI kalpanA kI jAya ki isakA phala bhI svarga hI hai / ] yahI kahA bhI gayA hai - 'cUMki dRSTa phala ( arthajJAna ) kI prApti - vidhi ( svAdhyAyo'dhyetavyaH ) ke binA bhI ho jAtI hai ataH yaha vidhi usa ( dRSTa phala ) ke lie nahIM hai hai / vizvajita nyAya se, vidhi ko sAmarthya se svarga kI kalpanA karanI cAhie / ' [ adhyayana - vidhi meM itanI sAmarthya hai ki usase svarga mila sakatA hai ataH usI phala ke lie adhyayana - vidhi hai, arthajJAna- rUpI dRSTa phala ke lie nahIM / sArAMza yaha ki arthajJAna vidhisammata nahIM hai, ataH arthajJAna meM upayogI yaha mImAMsAzAstra bhI vidhisammata nahIM hI hogA / isakA Arambha nahIM hI karanA cAhie / ise Age spaSTa karake pUrvapakSa kA upasaMhAra kareMge / ] evaM ca sati vedamadhItya snAyAditi smRtiranugRhItA bhavati / atra hi vedAdhyayanasamAvartanayoravyavadhAnamavagamyate / tAvake mate tvadhIte'pi vede

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452 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe dharma vicArAya gurukule vastavyam / tathA satyavyavadhAnaM bAdhyeta / tasmAdvicArazAstrasya vaidhatvAbhAvAtpAThamAtreNa svargasiddheH samAvartanazAstrAcca dharmavicArazAstramanArambhaNIyamiti pUrvapakSasaMkSepaH / aisA hone para ( adhyayana vidhi ko arthajJAna kA bodhaka na mAnane para ) hI 'veda kA adhyayana karake snAna ( gArhasthya kA adhikAra prApta karAnevAlA snAna, jise samAvartana bhI kahate haiM ) kare' isa smRti vAkya kA pAlana hotA hai / isa vidhi ( vedamadhItya snAyAt ) se vedAdhyayana tathA samAvartana ke bIca meM koI vyavadhAna nahIM rahe, aisA mAlUma par3atA hai / kintu yadi ApakA mata mAneM [ ki adhyayana kA tAtparya arthajJAna bhI hai ] taba to veda kA adhyayana karane ke bAda bhI dharma kA vicAra karane ke lie gurukula meM hI rahanA Avazyaka ho jAyagA tathA [ vedAdhyayana aura samAvartana ke bIca meM ] vyavadhAna nahIM par3e, isakA ullaMghana karanA par3egA / vicArazAstra ( mImAMsA - zAstra ) vidhisammata nahIM hai, kyoMki pATha karane se hI svarga kI prApti hotI hai ( arthajJAna se nahIM ); isake atirikta 'samAvartana - zAstra' ( vedamadhItya snAyAt ) ke pAlana ke lie bhI dharmavicAra zAstra kA Arambha nahIM karanA cAhie / yahI pUrvapakSa kA sArAMza hai / ( 4. siddhAntapakSa --- zAstrArambha karanA sarvathA ucita hai ) siddhAntastvanyataH prAptatvAdaprAptavidhitvaM mAstu / niyamavidhitvapakSastu vajrahastenApi nApahastayituM pAryate / tathA hi - 'svAdhyAyo'dhyetavyaH' ( tai0 A0 2 / 15 ) iti tavyapratyayaH preraNAparaparyAyAM puruSapravRttirUpArthabhAvanAbhAvyAmabhidhAbhAvanAM pratyAyayati / sA hArthabhAvanA bhAvyamAkAGkSati / aba siddhAnta ( Conclusion, Reply ) kA nirUpaNa karate haiM-hama svIkAra karate haiM ki dUsare sthAnoM meM bhI prApta hone ke kAraNa yaha ( svAdhyAyo'dhyetavyaH ) atrApta - vidhi arthAt apUrva vidhi nahIM hai / ( apUrva vidhi aura kahIM se pramANita nahIM hotI hai / arthajJAna likhita pATha se bhI sambhava hai ataH anyatra bhI prApti hotI hai / ] kintu ise niyama vidhi mAnane kA pakSa to vajrahasta ( indra ) ke dvArA bhI miTAyA nahIM jA sakatA / dekhiye- 'svAdhyAyo'dhyetavyaH' meM vidyamAna tavya-pratyaya usa abhidhA ( zAbdI ) bhAvanA kI pratIti karAtA 'jasakA dUsarA nAma 'preraNA' bhI hai tathA jo puruSa-pravRtti ke rUpa meM rahanevAlI ArthI bhAvanA ke dvArA sAdhya hai / kisI bhAvya ( sAdhya, uddezya ) kI apekSA rakhatI hai / [ kisI vaha Artho bhAvanA vyApAra ko bhAvanA kahate haiM, jaise kisI ko preraNA denA yA manuSyoM meM pravRtti utpanna karanA / AkhyAta ke dvArA bhAvanA kA abhidhAna hotA hai, jaise- 'yajeta' (kriyA) aura liMga donoM aMzoM meM liG hai 'juhoti' meM AkhyAta hai / isa prakAra tiG pratyaya ke dvArA hI bhAvanA abhi 1

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jaimini-parzanam 453 hita hotI hai / bhAvanA ke do bheda haiM--ArthI aura zAbdI / zabda kI ora se ( jaise tavya-pratyaya kI ora se ) jo preraNAtmaka vyApAra utpanna ho use zAbdI bhAvanA kahate haiM / prastuta sthala meM yaha tavya-pratyaya ke dvArA abhihita hotI hai| 'svAdhyAyo'dhyetavyaH' meM tavya pratyayAtmaka zabda sunane ke anantara yaha pratIti hotI hai ki yaha zabda mujhe adhyayana-karma meM prerita kara rahA hai / jisa zabda se jisa artha kI pratIti niyamapUrvaka hotI hai vaha artha usa zabda kA vAcya hai| aise bhrama meM na par3eM ki saMsAra kI anya preraNAoM kI taraha yaha preraNA bhI puruSa para nirbhara karatI hai| veda anAdi hai, usake kartA koI puruSa nahIM haiM / ataH abhidhA-bhAvanA ( yA zAbdI bhAvanA) kA AdhAra tavya pratyaya hI hai / vahI tavya pratyaya zAbdI bhAvanA kA vAcaka hai| abhidhA-bhAvanA ke dvArA adhyayana kI ora puruSoM kI pravRtti siddhi hotI hai| yaha pravRtti hI Artho bhAvanA kahalAtI hai, kyoMki pravRtti puruSa Adi arthoM ( viSayoM ) para nirbhara karatI hai| ArthI bhAvanA kA vAcaka tavya pratyaya hI hai, kyoMki adhyayana mAtra kA bodha dhAtu se hI hotA hai| yaha ArthI zAvanA apane bhAvya kI AkAMkSA karatI hai ki isake dvArA kauna-sI bhAvanA kareM (kiM bhAvayet ) ? usakA sAdhya adhyayana hai kintu vaha ArthI bhAvanA ke dvArA bhAvita nahIM ho sakatA / ise hI saSTa karate haiM / ] na tAvatsamAnapadopAttamadhyayanaM bhAvyatvena pariramate / adhyayanazabdArthasya svAdhInoccAraNakSamatvasya vAGmanasavyApArasya phlezArthakasya bhAvyatvAsambhavAt / nApi samAnavAkyopAttaH svaadhyaayH| svAdhyAyazabdArthasya varNarAzenityatvena vibhutvena cotpattyAdInAM caturNA kriyAphalAnAmasambhavAt / cUMki adhyayana kA upAdAna usa eka hI pada ( adhyetavyaH ) meM huA hai [ jisameM ArthI bhAvanA ke tavya pratyaya kA bhI sthAna hai ] ataH isa AdhAra para yaha nahIM ho sakatA ki ArthI bhAvanA kA bhAvya ( sAdhya ) adhyayana hI hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki 'adhyayana' zabda kA artha hai pratyeka varNa kA spaSTa (svAdhIna ) uccAraNa se samartha honA; isameM vANI aura mana kA vyApAra hotA hai tathA bar3A kleza bhI hotA hai ataH yaha ( adhyayana ) bhAvya nahIM ho sktaa| [ puruSa kI pravRtti kA bhAvya vahI ho sakatA hai jo sukhakara ho / sukhada vastu kI ora hI pravRtti ho sakatI hai / ataH kaSTaprada adhyayana kI bhAvanA to kI hI nahIM jA sktii| ] usI vAkya meM AnevAlA 'svAdhyAya' bhI bhAvya nahIM ho sakatA, kyoki 'svAdhyAya' zabda kA artha hai varNarAzi ( veda ), jo nitya ( Eternal ) tathA vibhu ( All-pervading ) hai, usa para utpatti Adi cAra kriyAphaloM ( karmoM ) meM se koI bhI Aropita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| [ usI zabda 'adhyetavyaH' meM sthita adhyayana jaba bhAvya nahIM

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe bana sakA taba usI vAkya meM sthita 'svAdhyAya' zabda ko bhAvya banAne ke sapane Ane lage / kintu phira muMha kI khAnI par3I / svAdhyAya ( vedarAzi ) sAdhya nahIM ho sakatA / kriyA ke cAra phala haiM - utpatti, prApti, vikAra aura saMskAra / kumbhakAra kI kriyA se ghaTa kI utpatti hotI hai / gamana-kriyA se dezAntara kI prApti hotI hai / pAkakriyA se taNDula meM vikAra hotA hai / vaijJAnika kriyAoM se peTroliyama ke doSoM ko dUra karake saMskAra hotA hai / prastuta prasaMga meM adhyayana meM pravRtti hone se vedarAzi kI utpatti to hotI nahIM, kyoMki vaha nitya hai / usakI prApti bhI nahIM hogI, prApti usI kI hotI hai jo aprApta hai, kintu veda to vibhu hai, vikAra bhI nahIM hotA, kyoMki aisA mAnanA anityatva ko nimantraNa de denA hai / adhyayanapravRtti ke dvArA veda kA saMskAra bhI nahIM hotA / saMskAra kA artha hai kisI dUsare kArya kI yogyatA prApta karanA / nitya sphoTarUpa zabda - brahma meM koI apUrva guNa nahIM diyA jA sakatA / phalata: 'svAdhyAya:' bhI bhAvya nahIM ho sakatA / taba bhAvya hogA kauna ? binA bhAvya ke adhyayana - vidhi nirarthaka hone jA rahI hai / isalie arthabodha ko bhAvya mAneMge / ] kyoMki vaha sarvatra hai / kahA~ nahIM hai ? isakA 454 ( 4 ka. adhyayana-vidhi kA lakSya arthabodha hI hai ) tasmAtsAmarthyaprApto'vabodho bhAvyatvenAvatiSThate / arthI samartho vidvAnadhikriyata iti nyAyena darzapUrNamAsAdividhayaH svaviSayAvabodhamapekSamANAH svArthabodhe svAdhyAyaM viniyuJjate / adhyayanavidhizca likhitapAThAdivyAvatyA'dhyayana saMskRtatvaM svAdhyAyasyAvagamayati / isalie [ adhyayana - vidhi kI ] sAmarthya se prApta arthAvabodha hI bhAvya rUpa meM avasthita ho sakatA hai / [ artha yaha nikalA ki adhyayana se arthabodha kA sampAdana kareM / svargAdi phala, vizvajita - nyAya se anugRhIta hone para bhI adRSTa hone ke kAraNa mAnya nahIM hai / dRSTa phala vidyamAna rahane para bhI adRSTa phala kI kalpanA karanA anucita hai / yaha apUrva vidhi nahIM hai, kyoMki isakA dRSTaphala ( arthAvabodha ) lokasiddha hai / adhyayana ke bAda artha-jJAna kA sampAdana karanA cAhie - isa niyama meM dRSTaphala na rahane se vivaza hokara avAntara - apUrva ) adRSTa ) kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai / isa kalpanA kA kAraNa hai sabhI yajJoM se utpanna hone vAlA apUrva / arthajJAna ke binA yajJa karanA asambhava hai, isalie arthajJAna ke lie zruti adhyayana-niyama nirdhArita karatI hai / . ] yaha eka niyama hai ki dhanavAn, samartha tathA vidvAn puruSa yajJa karane ke adhikArI haiM ( dekhiye, mImAMsA - sUtra, 6 / 1 ) / isalie darza, pUrNamAsa Adi vidhiyA~ apane-apane viSaya ke jJAna kI apekSA [ yAjakoM se ] karatI haiM aura ve apane arthAvabodha ke lie svAdhyAya kA viniyoga bhI karatI haiM / dUsarI ora adhyayana - vidhi bhI likhita pATha Adi [ arthAvavodha ke dUsare sAdhanoM ] ko haTAkara yaha batalAtI hai ki svAdhyAya kA saMskAra ( arthajJAna

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jaimini-parzanam 455 rUpI phala kA sampAdana ) bhI adhyayana se hI hotA hai| [ yahA~ saMskAra-zabda se guNAdhAna yA doSanivartana na samajheM / svAdhyAya se artharUpI phala prApta hotA hai, kintu adhyayana karane para hI / svAdhyAya para isakA koI asara nahIM par3atA, vyakti hI prabhAvita hotA hai|] tathA ca yathA darzapUrNamAsAdijanyaM paramApUrvamavaghAtAdijanyasyAvAntarApUrvasya kalpakaM tathA samastaRtujanyamapUrvajAtaM RtujJAnasAdhanAdhyayananiyamajanyamapUrva klpyissyti| niyamAdRSTAniSTau vidhizravaNavaiphalyamApadyeta / na ca vizvajinnyAyena phlklpnaavklpyte| arthAvabodhe dRSTe phale sati phalAntarakalpanAyA ayogAt / taduktam 2. labhyamAne phale dRSTe nAdRSTaphalakalpanA / vidhestu niyamArthatvAnnAnarthakyaM bhaviSyati // iti // jisa prakAra darza-pUrNamAsa Adi yAgoM se utpanna honevAlA parama apUrva, avaghAta Adi avAntara karmoM se utpanna honevAle avAnara apUrva kI kalpanA karAtA hai, usI prakAra samasta RtuoM se utpanna honevAlA apUrva-samUha ( puNyarAzi ), RtuoM ke jJAna ke sAdhana-svarUpa adhyayana-niyama se utpanna hone vAle apUrva kI kalpanA karegA / yadi niyama ( adhyayana-niyama ) meM adRSTa ( apUrva ) Apa nahIM mAnanA cAhate haiM, to vidhiyoM kA zravaNa (zruti ) bhI vyartha ho jAyagA [kyoMki vidhi aura niyama eka prakAra kI hI cIjeM haiM / eka meM adRSTa na mAneM aura dUsaroM meM mAneM to yaha ThIka nahIM hogaa| ] vizvajit-nyAya se phala kI kalpanA nahIM karanI cAhie, kyoMki arthAvabodharUpI dRSTa phala ke hote hue kisI dUsare phala (= adRSTa ) kI kalpanA karanA ucita nahIM hai| yahI kahA gayA hai-'iSTa ( Direct ) phala ke prApya hone para adRSTa ( Indirect ) phala kI kalpanA nahIM ho sktii| adhyayana-vidhi niyama ke lie hai [ ki arthajJAna ke dUsare upAya kAma meM na lAyeM, ] ataH yaha vidhi nirarthaka nahIM ho sktii|' (4 kha. mImAMsA ke viSaya meM anya zaMkA aura uttara ) nanu vedamAtrAdhyAyino'rthAvabodhAnudaye'pi sAGgavedAdhyAyinaH puruSasyArthAvabodhasambhavAdvicArazAstrasya vaiphalyamiti cet-tadasamaJjasam / bodhamAtrasambhave'pi nirNayasya vicArAdhInatvAt / tadyathA-'aktAH zarkarA upadadhAti' (le0 prA0 3 / 12 / 5 ) ityatra ghRtenaiva na tailAdinA ityayaM nirNayo vyAkaraNena nigamena niruktena vA na lbhyte| vicArazAstreNa tu tejo vai ghRtamiti vAkyazeSavazAdarthanirNayo lbhyte| ___ aba yaha zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki kevala veda kA adhyayana karanevAle vyakti ko bhale hI artha kA jJAna na ho sake, kintu jo vyakti aMgoM ( zikSA, kalpa, chanda, nirukta, jyotiSa aura vyAkaraNa ) ke sAtha veda kA adhyayana kareMge, unheM to artha-vodha ho sakegA / ata:

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456 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe vicAra - zAstra ( mImAMsA ) vyartha hai / [ uttara yaha hai ki yaha kahanA bilkula ] asaMgata hai / bodha to ho jAyagA, kintu jahA~ taka nirNaya kA prazna hai, vaha vicAra - zAstra ke hI adhIna rahegA / jaise-- 'sikta zarkarA ( kaMkar3oM ) kA upadhAna ( sthApana ) karatA hai' ( tai0 brA0 3|12|5 ), yahA~ para 'ghI se sikta, tela Adi se nahIM' isakA nirNaya vyAkaraNa, nigama ( vaidika vAkya kA nirukta meM uddharaNa, jisameM zabda kI vyutpatti dI gayI hai ) yA nirukta se nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / vicAra - zAstra kI sahAyatA lene para usa vAkya ke avaziSTa aMza -- 'bI ho teja hai' - isake dvArA artha kA nirNaya ho jAtA hai / [ kisI bhI sthiti meM mImAMsA - zAstra kI avahelanA nahIM kI jA sakatI / ] ( 5. siddhAntapakSa kA upasaMhAra aura saMgati kA nirUpaNa ) tasmAdvicArazAstrasya vaidhatvaM siddham / te ca vedamadhItya snAyAditi zAstraM gurukulanivRttiparaM vyavadhAnapratibandhakaM bAdhyeteti mantavyam / 'snAtvA bhuGkte' itivat pUrvAparIbhAvasamAnakartRkatvamAtrapratipattyA adhyayanasamA - vartanayornerantaryApratipatteH / tasmAdvidhisAmarthyAdevAdhikaraNasahasrAtmakaM pUrvamImAMsAzAstramArambhaNIyam / idaM cAdhikaraNaM zAstreNopodghAtatvena sambadhyate / tadAhacintAM prakRtisiddhayarthAmupodghAtaM pracakSate / iti / 1 isa prakAra yaha siddha ho gayA ki vicAra - zAstra vidhi-saMgata hai / aisA nahIM socanA cAhie ki 'vedamadhItya snAyAt' ( vedAdhyayana karake samAvartana saMskAravAlA snAna kare ) - yaha smRti gurukula se ziSya ko haTane kA upadeza detI hai tathA tanika bhI vyavadhAna ko rokatI hai, ata: [ vicAra zAstra kA adhyayana karane se ] ukta smRti kA ullaMghana hogA / [ vAstava meM ukta smRti se mImAMsAzAstra kA koI virodha nahIM hai / ] jisa prakAra 'snAtvA bhuGkte' ( nahAkara khAtA hai) isa vAkya se kevala itanA hI mAlUma hotA hai ki donoM kriyAoM meM pUrvApara kA sambandha hai aura donoM ke kartA eka hI haiM ( yaha nahIM jJAta hotA ki donoM ke bIca koI vyavadhAna nahIM hai--nahAkara pUjA-pATha bhI karasakatA hai ) usI prakAra adhyayana aura samAvartana lagAtAra ( jaldI se binA vyavadhAna ke ) ho jAyeMge, yaha pratIti nahIM hotI / [ jisa vAkya se jitanA artha lage vahIM taka daur3a lagAnI cAhie / pANini apane samAna kartRkayoH pUrvakAle' ( 3 / 4 / 21 ) sUtra meM ktvA kA vidhAna karate hue yaha nahIM kahate ki donoM kriyAoM ke bIca ktvA ke kAraNa vyavadhAna rahegA hI nahIM / ] isalie vidhi kI sAmarthya rahane ke kAraNa hI eka hajAra ( vastuta: 915 ) adhikaraNoM ke bane hue pUrvamImAMsA - zAstra kA Arambha karanA cAhie / saMgati - yaha adhikaraNa upodghAta ( bhUmikA, sahAyaka ) ke rUpa meM zAstra se sambaddha hai / yahI kahA gayA hai-- 'prakRta viSaya kI siddhi ke lie jo vicAra kiyA

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mini-pasanan 457 jAya, use upoddhAta kahate haiN|' [ isa prakAra :kumArila bhaTTa ke mata se adhikaraNa para vicAra huA / ]. (6. prabhAkara ke mata se ukta adhikaraNa kA nirUpaNa ) idamevAdhikaraNaM gurumtmnusRtyopnysyte| aSTavarSa brAhmaNamupanayIta, tamadhyApayotetyatrAdhyApanaM niyogaviSayaH prtibhaaste| niyogazca niyojyamapekSate / kazcAtra niyojya iti cet-AcAryakakAma eva / 'sammAnana-' ( pA0 sU0 1 // 3 // 36 ) ityAdinA pANinyanuzAsanenAcAryake gamyamAne nayaterdhAtorAtmanepadasya vidhAnAt / upanayane yo niyojyaH sa evAdhyApane'pi / tayorekaprayojanatvAt / ___ aba isI adhikaraNa kA nirUpaNa guru (prabhAkara )-mata se kiyA jAtA hai / 'ATha varSa ke brAhmaNa ke bAlaka kA upanayana kara de tathA use par3hAye' ( Azva0 gR0 sU0 1 / 19 / 1 )-isa prakAra adhyApana hI niyoga ( vidhi ) kA viSaya pratIta hotA hai| niyoga (vidhi ) niyojya ( vidhi ke pAtra ) kI apekSA rakhatA hai to kauna niyojya hogA ? [ vidhi kisa ke lie hai ? ] [ uttara hogA ki ] jo vyakti AcArya ke karma kI kAmanA karatA hai usake lie hI vidhi hai| pANini ke sUtra 'sammAnanotsajanAcAryakaraNajJAnabhRtivigaNanavyayeSu niyaH ( 113 // 36 )' ke dvArA AcArya ke karma ( kAraNa ) kA artha pratIta hone para nI-dhAtu se Atmanepada hone kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / [ upapUrvaka nI dhAtu kA artha hai vidhipUrvaka apane pAsa pahuMcAnA / isa prApaNa kriyA ke dvArA mANavaka ( ziSya ) meM saMskAra utpatra kiyA jAtA hai| yaha phala cUMki AcArya ko ( kartA hone ke nAte ) nahIM milatA, saMskArarUpI phala mANavaka ko hI milatA hai ataH 'svaritatritaH kaJabhiprAye kriyAphale' ( pA0sU0 113172 ) se Atmanepada nahIM hotA / yahI kAraNa hai ki eka dUsare sUtra ke dvArA AcAryakaraNa artha meM nI-dhAtu ko Atmanepada siddha kiyA gayA hai / AcAryaka = AcArya kA karma / vuJ pratyaya ( pA0 sU0 5 / 1 / 132 ) / ] ___ upanayana meM jo vyakti niyojya hai ( AcArya ) vahI vyakti adhyApana meM bhI niyojya banatA hai, kyoMki donoM kriyAoM kA lakSya (prayojana ) eka hI hai (= AcAryatva kI prApti ) / vizeSa-yahAM prabhAkara-guru ke viSaya meM eka kiMvadantI hai ki ye guru kaise hue / inake guru eka bAra eka phakkikA ke phere meM the-'atra tu noktam / tatrApi noktam / ataH paunaruktyam / ' jaba donoM jagaha nahIM hI kahA gayA hai taba punarukti kaise huI ? prabhAkara ke guru saMzaya meM the| prabhAkara ko sphuraNa huA ki pustaka meM padaccheda kI gar3abar3I hai| honA yaha cAhie-atra tunA uktam ( yahA~ 'tu' zabda ke dvArA kahA gayA hai ) /

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458 sarvadarzanasaMgraha tatra apinA uktam ( vahA~ 'api' zabda ke dvArA kahA gayA hai )-donoM jagahoM para kahe jAne ke kAraNa punarukti hai / gurujI inakI isa pratibhA para itane prasanna hue ki unheM hI guru kahane lge| __ mImAMsA-darzana kA saMkSipta itihAsa denA yahA~ asaMgata nahIM hogA / vedoM ke karmakANDa-pakSa para vicAra karane ke uddezya se mImAMsA-sUtra kI racanA jaimini ne kI ( 300vi0 pU0 ) / sabhI darzana-sUtroM kI apekSA yaha grantha bar3A hai| prAyaH 2650 sUtra haiM jo bAraha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta haiN| isa para upavarSa aura baudhAyana ne vRttiyAM likhI thIM kintu ve uddharaNoM meM hI upalabdha haiN| zabarasvAmI ( 100 I0 pU0 ne ) mImAMsAsUtra para apanA vistRta bhASya likhA jo zabarabhASya ke nAma se prasiddha hai| sUtroM ko samajhane ke lie yaha ekamAtra prAmANika grantha hai / zabarabhASya para vibhinna TIkAeM huI, jinase mImAMsA ke tIna sampradAya ho gaye-bhATTa, guru aura murAri / / ___ bhATTa-mata ke pravartaka kumArila ( 750 I0 ) zaMkarAcArya ke samakAlika the| unhoMne zabarabhASya para tIna vRttigrantha likhe-(1) prathama adhyAya ke prathama (tarka) pAda para vizAla zlokavArtika, jo kArikAoM meM ukta pAda kI vyAkhyA hai| (2) prathama adhyAya ke dUsare pAda se lekara tIsare adhyAya taka gadya meM tantravAtika tathA ( 3 ) avaziSTa adhyAyoM kI saMkSipta TippaNI TupuTIkA ke nAma se kii| donoM vArtikoM meM bauddhoM kA pUrNa samIkSaNa kiyA gayA hai| kumArila ke pradhAna ziSya maNDana mizra the jo zaMkarAcArya se parAsta hokara surezvarAcArya bana gaye the (800 I0 ) / inhoMne tantravArtika kI vyAkhyA, vidhiviveka, bhAvanAviveka vibhramaviveka (pAMca khyAtiyoM kI vyAkhyA) tathA mImAMsA-sUtrAnukramaNI likhii| vAcaspati mizra ne ( 850 I0 ) vidhiviveka para 'nyAyakarNikA' vyAkhyA kii| kumArila ke dUsare ziSya umbeka ( jo bhavabhUti hI samajhe jAte haiM ) ne bhAvanAviveka kI TokA tathA zlokavArtika kI prathama TIkA 'tAtparyaTIkA' nAma se kI / apUrNa hone ke kAraNa isakI pUrti jayamizra ne kI thii| pArthasArathi mizra ( 1100 I0 ) ne bhATTamata kI puSTi ke lie tarkaratna (TupTIkA kI vyAkhyA ), nyAya-ratnAkara (zlokavArtika kI TIkA ), nyAyaratnamAlA ( mImAMsA ke sAta viSayoM para svatantra nibandha ) tathA zAstradIpikA-ye cAra grantha likhe / prastuta grantha ke lekhaka mAdhavAcArya ne zlokoM meM jaiminIyanyAyamAlA tathA usakI TIkA "vistara' ke nAma se likhii| khaNDadeva mizra ( 1650 I0 ) ne bhATTakaustubha, bhATTadIpikA aura bhATTarahasya likhakara navya mImAMsA kA pravartana kiyaa| momAMsAnyAyaprakAza ke racayitA Apadeva iso samaya hue the / inake atirikta laugAkSibhAskara ( 1640 I0 kA arthasaMgraha tathA kRSNayajvA kI mImAMsAparibhASA-ye bhI pracalita grantha haiM / gurumata kA pravartana prabhAkara ne ( 775 I0 ) zabarabhASya para bRhatI-TIkA likhakara kiyaa| AcArya zAlikanAtha ne isa para RjuvimalA TIkA likhii| bhavadeva ( nAtha ) ne

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jaimini-darzanam 459 zAlikanAtha ( 790 I0 ) ke mata ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie nayaviveka nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI, jisameM adhikaraNoM kI vyAkhyA hai ( 900 I0 ) / isa grantha kI cAra TIkAeM upalabdha haiM- rantideva kA vivekatattva, varadarAja kI nayavivekadIpikA, zaMkara mizra kI paMcikA tathA dAmodara kA nayavivekAlaMkAra / rAmAnujAcArya ( 1150 I0 ) kA tantrarahasya bahuta sarala tathA spaSTa pustaka hai jo gurumata kA pravezaka hai / apane udAravAdI dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa bhATTamata ke sAmane gurumata nahIM Thahara sakA / murAri mata ke pravartaka murAri mizra kA nAma gaMgeza tathA vardhamAna ne apane granthoM meM liyA hai, parantu ye atyanta alpajJAta AcArya haiN| do pustakeM - tripAdInItinayana tathA ekAdazAdhyAyAdhikaraNa - inake nAma se milI haiM / sambhavataH inakA samaya 12 vIM zatAbdI meM ho| inake nAma para lokokti bhI cala par3I hai - murArestRtIyaH panthAH / ata evoktaM manunA muninA - 3. upanIya tu yaH ziSyaM vedamadhyApayed dvijaH / sAGgaM ca sarahasyaM ca tamAcAryaM pracakSate // ( manu0 2 / 140 ) iti / tatazvAcAryakartRkamadhyApanaM mANavakakartRkenAdhyayanena vinA na sidhyatItyadhyApanavidhiprayuktyaivAdhyaya nAnuSThAnaM setsyati / prayojyavyApAramantareNa prayojakavyApArasyAnirvAhAt / isalie maharSi manu ne kahA hai- 'jo dvija ( brAhmaNa ) ziSya kA upanayana karake use vedAMgoM aura rahasya ( upaniSad ) ke sAtha veda par3hAtA hai use hI AcArya kahate haiM / ' ( manusmRti 2 / 140 ) / [ upanayana ke bAda adhyApana karane se AcArya meM kucha atizaya kI utpatti hotI hai / yahI atizaya adhyApaka ko AcArya banAtA hai / yadyapi upaniSadeM veda ke antargata hI haiM tathApi pradhAnatA dikhalAne ke lie unakA nirdeza pRthak kiyA gayA hai / medhAtithi kA kahanA hai ki upaniSadeM vedAnta ke nAma se prasiddha haiM / kitane loga vedAnta kA artha 'veda ke pAsa honA' kara lete haiM ataH unake veda na hone kI bhrAnti ho jAtI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki rahasya zabda kA bhI grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / adhyayana na ke anuSThAna kI lie to hai / to AcArya kA adhyApana taba taka siddha nahIM hotA jaba taka koI ziSya kare / isalie adhyApana vidhi ( vedamadhyApayIta ) ke prayoga se hI adhyayana siddhi ho jAyagI / [ adhyayana ke lie vidhi ho yA nahIM ho, adhyApana ke jaba taka adhyayana karanevAlA koI nahIM ho AcArya adhyApana kyA kareMge ? adhyApana kI vidhi hI adhyayana kI siddhi kara degI kyoMki ] prayojya ( = ziSya ) ke vyApAra ke binA prayojaka kA vyApAra nahIM cala sakatA / [ adhyApana - yogya ziSya ke rahane para hI adhyApaka kI kriyA cala sakatI hai / ]

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460 sarvadarzanasaMgrahatahi 'adhyetavyaH' (ta0 A0 2115) ityasya vidhitvaM na sidhyatIti cet-mA satsItkA no hAniH ? pRthagadhyayanavidherabhyupagame prayojanAbhAvAt / vidhivAkyasya nityaanuvaadtvenaapyupptteH| tasmAdadhyayanavidhimupajIvya pUrvamupanyasto pUrvottarapakSI prakArAntareNa prdrshniiyo| vicArazAstramavaidhatvenAnArabdhavyamiti pUrvapakSaH / vaidhatvenArabdhavyamiti raaddhaantH| taba yadi yaha zaMkA ho ki 'adhyetavyaH' (te. A0 2|15)-yh vAkya vidhi ke rUpa meM nahIM siddha hogA, to mata siddha ho, hamArI hAni isameM kyA hai ? [ adhyApana-vidhi ke antargata hI adhyayana calA AtA hai, ataH 'adhyetavyaH' ko to vidhi nahIM kaha sakeMge kyoMki vidhi hone para ise vidhi ko Avazyaka zatoM kI pUrti karanI hogI-yaha ajJAtajJApaka yA apravRttapravartaka ho, kintu adhyayana kA jJAna yA isakI pravRtti pahale hI adhyApana-vidhi ke dvArA ho cukI hai / ataH yaha vAkya vidhi nahIM hai / ] alaga se adhyayana ke lie vidhi mAnane kA koI prayojana ( kAraNa ) nahIM hai / kahIM-kahIM vidhi-vAkya ( vidhAyaka ke rUpa meM pratIta honevAlA vAkya ) nitya se prApta vastu kA anuvAda ( AvRtti, puSTi ) karatA hai, yaha bhI dekhA jAtA hai ( sambhavataH 'adhyetavyaH' bhI kisI kA anuvAdaka hI ho)| isalie adhyayana-vidhi ko AdhAra mAnakara isake pahale diye gaye pUrvapakSa aura uttarapakSa, donoM ko dUsare prakAra se pradarzita karanA cAhie / isameM pUrvapakSa yaha rakhate haiM ki vicAra-zAstra vidhi-sammata nahIM hai, ataH usakA Arambha nahIM karanA caahie| uttarapakSa meM kahate haiM ki yaha zAstra vidhisammata hai, ata: usakA Arambha kreN| (6 ka. prabhAkarake mata se pUrvapakSa) tatra vaidhatvaM vadatA vaditavyaM-kimadhyApanavidhirmANavakasyArthAvabodhamapi prayuGkte, kiM vA pAThamAtram ? nAdyaH, vinaapyrthaavbodhenaadhyaapnsiddhH| na dvitiiyH| pAThamAtre vicArasya viSayaprayojanayorasambhavAt / ApAtataH pratibhAtaH sandigdho'rtho vicArazAstrasya viSayo bhavati / [ pUrvapakSa kahatA hai ki ] jo loga vicArazAstra ko vaidha (vidhisammata ) mAnate haiM ve isakA uttara deM--kyA uparyukta adhyApana-vidhi kA lakSya ( prayoga ) ziSya ko artha kA bodha karA denA bhI hai yA kevala pATha ( adhyayana ) karanA bhara hI ? [ adhyayana-vidhi se jo adhyayana kA artha nikAlate haiM usameM arthabodha bhI karAte haiM yA kevala adhyayana ? ] pahalA vikalpa ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki arthAvabodha ke binA bhI adhyayana-vidhi kI siddhi ho hI jAtI hai| [ tAtparya yaha hai ki vidhi adhyApana se sambandha rakhatI hai, adhyayana se nhiiN| cUMki adhyApana adhyayana ke binA nahIM ho sakatA, isIlie vivaza hokara hameM adhyayana kA AkSepa

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jaiminimarzanam 461 ( Inclusion ) karanA par3atA hai / jitanI vastu ke binA kisI ke kAma meM hAni ho rahI ho utanI vastu kA ho AkSepa kiyA jAtA hai, adhika kA nahIM / avyayana kA AkSepa anivArya thA, arthAvabodha ke AkSepa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| dUsarA vikalpa [ ki adhyApanavidhi kevala pATha se sambaddha hai ] ThIka nahIM, kyoMki jaba vedoM kA adhyayana mAtra hI lakSya hai taba to vicArazAstra kA na koI viSaya hI sambhava hai aura na prayojana ho / vicArazAstra kA viSaya vahI ho sakatA hai jo Upara se pratIta honevAlA kintu sandigdha ho / tathA sati yatrArthAvagatireva nAsti tatra sandehasya kA kathA ? vicAraphalasya nirNayasya pratyAzA dUrata eva / tathA ca yadasandigdhamaprayojanaM, na ca ttprekssaavtprtipitsaagocrH| yathA samanaskendriyasannikRSTaH spaSTAlokamadhyamadhyAsIno ghaTa iti nyAyena viSayaprayojanayorasambhavena vicArazAstramanArabhyamiti pUrvaH pkssH| __ aisA hone para, jahA~ artha kA avabodha hI nahIM hotA vahA~ sandeha kA prazna bhI nahIM uThatA / vicAra kA phala jo nirNaya ke rUpa meM hai usakI pratyAzA to aura bhI dUra hai| isake sAtha-sAtha, jisa vastu meM koI sandeha nahIM ho yA jisakA koI prayojana nahIM rahe, vaisI vastu ko pratipAdita karane kI icchA samIkSakoM meM nahIM huA krtii| [ jisa viSaya kA nirNaya pahale se ho usakA pratipAdana karanA vyartha hai / sandeha hone para hI vastu pratipAdya hotI hai / sandeha rahane para bhI yadi pratipAdana kA koI prayojana na ho to usakA pratipAdana vyartha hI hai / isa prakAra sandeha aura prayojana donoM ke rahane para hI samIkSakoM meM pratipAdanecchA jAgRta hotI hai / eka ke bhI abhAva meM icchA nahIM hogI, donoM kA abhAva rahane para to kahanA hI kyA ? ] udAharaNa ke lie, manaHsaMyukta indriya ke sAtha sambaddha tathA spaSTa Aloka meM avasthita ghaTa [ pratipAdana kA viSaya nahIM bana sakatA kyoMki yaha asandigdha to hai hI, isake pratipAdana kA koI prayojana bhI nhiiN| ] isa niyama se, cUMki vicArazAstra ke viSaya aura prayojana donoM hI sambhava nahIM haiM, ataH isakA Arambha nahIM karanA caahie| yaha pUrvapakSa huaa| (6 kha. prabhAkara-mata se siddhAntapakSa ) adhyApanavidhinArthAvabodho mA pryoji| tathApi sAgAvedAdhyAyino gRhItapadapadArthasaMgatikasya puruSasya pauruSeyeSviva prabandheSvAmnAye'pyarthAvabodhaH prApnotyeva / nanu yathA 'viSaM bhakSva' ityatra pratIyamAnopyoM na vivkssyte| 'mAsya gahe bhukthAH ' iti bhojanapratiSedhasya mAtRvAkyatAtparyaviSayatvAt / tathAmnAyArthasyAvivakSAyAM viSayAdhabhAvadoSaH prAcInaH prAduHvyAt iti cet-maivaM vocaH / dRSTAntavArTAntikayovaiSamyasambhavAt /

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462 sarvadarzanasaMgrahehameM svIkAra hai ki adhyApana-vidhi se arthAvabodha kA tAtparya (prayoga ) nahIM nikala sakatA / phira bhI jo vyakti aMgoM ke sAtha veda kA adhyayana karegA, vaha pada aura padArtha kI saMgati ( sambandha ) kA grahaNa to karegA hI / jaise puruSa ke dvArA likhe gaye granthoM meM [artha kA bodha hotA hai ] vaise hI vyakti kI AmnAya ( veda ) meM bhI arthabodha kI prApti hogI hii| [vidhi na rahane para bhI bodhakatva-zakti se hI arthabodha ho jAyagA / ] ___ aba zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki jaise 'isa vAkya meM pratIta honevAle (viSabhojanarUpI ) artha kI vivakSA nahIM hai kyoMki mAtA ke vAkya kA tAtparya hai 'usake ghara para bhojana mata karanA'-isa taraha kA pratiSedha karanA [ mAtA cAhatI hai ]; ThIka usI taraha kahIM veda kA akSarArtha usake vAstavika abhiprAya (vivakSA ) ko prakaTa na kara pAye to pahale jisa taraha viSayAbhAva aura prayojanAbhAva ApattiyAM lagAI gaI thIM ve punaH ise dUSita kara deNgii| [ veda ko samajhane kA koI prayojana nahIM rahegA aura na yaha vicAra kA viSaya hI raha sakatA hai|] hamArA uttara hai ki aisA mata kho| dRSTAnta aura prastuta prasaMga meM viSamatA sambhava hai / ( donoM samAna nahIM haiM ki eka dUsare kI sahAyatA kara skeN|) vizeSa-kisI mAtA ne apane putra ko zatru ke ghara para na khAne kA upadeza diyA, kintu usameM vyaJjanA-vRtti kA Azraya liyA-'viSa khA lo, parantu usake ghara bhojana mata kro|' mAtA apane putra ko viSa khAne ke lie kabhI pravRtta nahIM kara sakatI, ataH viSabhojana kA vidhAnarUpI artha yahA~ vivakSita nahIM hai, pratyuta mAtA use zatru ke ghara na khAne kA pratiSedhAtmaka upadeza hI detI hai| yahI artha vivakSita hai| kAvya-prakAza ke paMcama ullAsa meM mImAMsAoM ke dvArA vyaJjanAvRtti ke prazna para vicAra kiye jAne ke silasile meM yaha udAharaNa diyA gayA hai| to isI AdhAra para zaMkA karanevAle kahate haiM ki ho sakatA hai veda kA zabdArtha hamane kucha kiyA aura vivakSita artha usase bhinna ho| vaisI avasthA meM to vedArtha jAnanA, na jAnanA barAbara ho gyaa| parantu zaMkA karanevAle bhrama meM haiM / uparyukta dRSTAnta se prastuta prasaMga kA sambandha hai hI nahIM / ise Age spaSTa karate haiN| viSabhojanavAkyasyAptapraNItatvena mukhyArthaparigrahe bAdhaH syAditi vivakSA nAzrIyate / apauruSeye tu vede pratIyamAno'rthaH kuto na vivkssyte| vivakSite ca vedArthe yatra yatra puruSasya sandehaH sa sarvo'pi vicArazAstrasya viSayo bhaviSyati / tannirNayazca prayojanam / tasmAdadhyApanavidhiprayuktenAdhyayanenAvagamyamAnasyArthasya vicArArhatvAdvicArazAstrasya vaidhatvena vicArazAstramArambhaNIyamiti raaddhaantsNgrhH| uparyukta dRSTAnta meM, viSa bhojana kA vAkya cUMki Apta (prAmANika, yahA~ para mAtA hI hai ) vyakti ke dvArA uccarita hai aura yadi isakA mukhyArtha grahaNa :kareMge to isakA

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jaimini-darzanam 463 virodha ( bAdha Preclusion ) hogaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki [ mAtA kI ] vivakSA [ mukhyArtha prakAzana ko hai yaha ] nahIM mAnate [ aura hameM dUsare vyaMgyArtha ke anveSaNa meM calanA par3atA hai ] / kintu veda to apauruSeya hai ataH usameM pratIta honevAlA artha ( vAcyArtha) kyoM nahIM vivakSita hogA ? [ vAcyArtha hI veda kA vivakSita artha hai / ] isa vivakSita ( abhISTa Intended ) vedArtha meM puruSa ko jahA~-jahA~ sandeha utpanna hogA vaha sArA-kAsArA vicArazAstra kA ho viSaya ho jAyagA / usakA nirNaya karanA hI vicArazAstra kA prayojana hai| [ phira Apa kaise kaheMge ki vicArazAstra kA na viSaya hai na prayojana ?] isa taraha adhyApana-vidhi ke dvArA prayukta adhyayana se jo artha avagata hotA hai vaha vicAra ke yogya hai isalie vicAra-zAstra vidhisammata hai / ataH isakA Arambha karanA cAhie / yahI siddhAnta kA saMgraha huA / (rAddhAnta =siddhAnta / rAdh + kta= rAddha = siddha) (7. vedoM ko pauruSeya mAnanevAle pUrvapakSa kA nirUpaNa ) syAdetat / vedasya kathamapauruSeyatvamabhidhIyate ? tatpratipAdakapramANAbhAvAt / atha manyethAH 'apauruSeyA vedAH, sampradAyAvicchede satyasmaryamANakartRkatvAdAtmavat' iti / tadetanmandam / vishessnnaasiddheH| pauruSeyavedavAdibhiH pralaye sampradAyavicchedasya kakSIkaraNAt / kiM ca kimidamasmaryamANakartRkatvaM nAmApramIyamANakartRkatvamasmaraNagocarakartRkatvaM vA ? na prathamaH kalpaH / paramezvarasya kartuH pramiterabhyupagamAt / acchA, aisA hogaa| veda ko apauruSeya Apa loga kaise kahate haiM ? jaba ki isakA pratipAdana karane ke lie koI bhI pramANa nahIM ? Apa (siddhAntI ) loga kaha sakate haiM 'veda apauruSeya haiM, kyoMki sampradAya ( Tradition, paramparA ) avicchinna rahane para bhI inake kartA kA smaraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, jaise aatmaa|' [ abhiprAya yaha hai jahA~ grantha ke Adi, madhya yA anta meM granthakAra ne kartA ke rUpa meM apane nAma kA ullekha kiyA hai, usameM to koI vivAda hI nahIM-vaha to pauruSeya hai hii| jaise--mahAbhASya, pradIpa, raghuvaMza, zlokavArtika Adi / jahA~ para granthakAra se Arambha karake avicchinna sampradAya ke dvArA guruparamparA se kartA kA smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai vahA~ bhI vivAda nahIM hotA' jaisepANini, pataMjali Adi RSiyoM ke nAma vyAkaraNa, yogAdi sUtragranthoM ke kartA ke rUpa meM liye jAte haiM / granthakAra ne apane grantha meM kahIM bhI kartA ke rUpa meM apanA nAmollekha nahIM kiyA tathA vicchinna sampradAya hone ke kAraNa kartA kA smaraNa nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai vahA~ para pauruSeyatva meM sandeha ho sakatA hai| kintu jahA~ sampradAya avicchinna ( lagAtAra ) rahane para bhI kartA kA smaraNa na kareM taba to smaraNAbhAva kA kAraNa kartA kA na honA hI hai, isa taraha veda ko apauruSeya siddha karate haiN|]

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464 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe[pUrvapakSI kahate haiM ki ] ApakA yaha kahanA koI dama nahIM rakhatA ( tarka durbala hai)| kAraNa yaha hai ki hetu kA vizeSaNa ( sampradAyAvicchede sati = sampradAya ke avicchinna rahane para bhI ) jo Apane diyA hai vaha asiddha hai| jo loga veda ko pauruSeya mAnate haiM / ve loga pralayakAla meM sampradAya kA vicchinna honA bhI svIkAra karate haiN| isake alAve, Apa yaha to batalAveM ki 'kartA kA smaraNa nahIM kiyA jAtA' isakA kyA artha hai kyA usakA kartA pramANoM se siddha nahIM hotA yA smaraNa kA viSaya ( gocara ) nahIM hotA? pahalA vikalpa ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki usake kartA paramezvara kI siddhi pramANajanya jJAna ( pramiti ) se hotI hai / [ veda meM kaI vAkya haiM jo Izvara kI siddhi karate haiM-'asya mahato bhUtasya niHzvasitametad yadRgvedo yjurvedH'| bR0 u0 2 / 4 / 10), 'tasmAdyajJAtsarvahuta: RcaH sAmAni jjnyire| chandAMsi jajJire tasmAdyajustasmAdajAyata' ( R0 10 // 909), 'idaM sarvamasRjata Rco yajUMSi sAmAni' (bR0 u0 1 / 25 ) / ina sabhI zrutiyoM meM Izvara veda ke kartA udghoSita kiye gaye haiM, ataH usakI siddhi ke lie Agama pramANa to hai hii|] na dvitIyaH / vikalpAsahatvAt / tathA hi-kimekenAsmaraNamabhiprayate sarvairvA ? nAdyaH / 'yo dharmazIlo jitamAnaroSaH' ityAdiSu muktakoktiSu vyabhicArAt / na dvitIyaH sarvAsmaraNasyAsarvajJadurjJAnatvAt / pauruSeyatve pramANasambhavAcca / vedavAkyAni pauruSeyANi vAkyatvAt kAlidAsAdivAkyavat / vedavAkyAnyAptapraNItAni, pramANatve sati vAkyatvAnmanvAdivAkyavaditi / dUsarA vikalpa [ ki veda kA kartA smaraNa kA viSaya nahIM banatA ] bhI ThIka nahIM, kyoMki yaha nimnalikhita vikalpoM ko saha nahIM sakatA / ve ye haiM-kyA eka ke dvArA smaraNa karanA abhipreta hai yA saboM ke dvArA ? pahalA pakSa nahIM liyA jA sakatA, kyoMki aisA karane se 'yo dharmazIlaH jitamAnaroSaH' (jo dhArmika hai tathA mAna, roSa ko jIta cukA hai)-ityAdi muktaka (phuTakara ) zlokoM meM bhI apauruSeyatva kI prApti ho jaaygii| [ kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki muktakoM kA bhI racayitA hotA hai, bhale hI paramparA yAda na kare / 'upamA kAlidAsasya' Adi muktaka isI taraha ke haiN| racayitA ke samakAlika loga to use yAda karate hI hoMge / sambhava hai, kitane logoM ko abhI bhI mAlUma ho, parantu kucha logoM ko to mAlUma nahIM hI hai / ataH kucha logoM ke dvArA kartA kA smaraNa na kiye jAne se veda ko apauruSeya nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki aisA karane se ina subhASita muktakoM ko bhI apauruSeya mAnanA par3egA, jaba ki inake racayitA koI puruSa avazya the| ] dUsarA pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki veda ke kartA kA smaraNa koI bhI nahIM kara rahA hai-yaha to sarvajJa ke

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jaimini-darzanam 465 alAve aura koI jAna hI nahIM sakatA / [ saMsAra meM sarvajJa koI bhI nahIM hai, ataH vivaza hokara vedoM ko pauruSeya hI svIkAra karanA par3egA / ] yahI nahIM, vedoM ko pauruSeya mAnane ke lie pramANa bhI hai - ( 1 ) veda ke vAkya pauruSeya haiM, kyoMki ye vAkya haiM, jaise kAlidAsAdi ke vAkya / ( 2 ) veda ke vAkya Apta ( yathArthavaktA ) ke dvArA race gaye haiM, kyoMki ye prAmANika vAkya haiM, jaise manu Adi ke vAkya | nanu - 4. vedasyAdhyayanaM sarvaM gurvadhyayanapUrvakam / vedAdhyayanasAmAnyAdadhunAdhyayanaM yathA // ( zlo0 vA0 7 / 366 ) ityanumAnaM pratisAdhanaM pragalbhata iti cet -- tadapi na pramANakoTi praveSTumISTa / 5. bhAratAdhyayanaM sarvaM gurvadhyayanapUrvakam / bhAratAdhyayanatvena sAmpratAdhyayanaM yathA // ityAbhAsasamAnayogakSematvAt / aba prazna ho sakatA hai ki 'veda kA sampUrNa adhyayana pahale se guru ke adhyayana kI apekSA rakhatA hai, kyoMki vedAdhyayana donoM hI dazAoM meM eka hI rahatA hai [ jaise pahale kA adhyayana ] vaise hI Aja kA adhyayana [ isase paramparA kI avicchinnatA mAlUma par3atI hai ] - zlokavArtika meM diye gaye isa anumAna kI, jisameM pUrvapakSI ke viruddha sAdhya ko siddha karane kI sAmarthya hai, prabalatA hogI / [ mImAMsaka loga kahate haiM ki veda kA adhyayana ziSya guru se karatA hai, usake pUrva bhI to guru ne adhyayana kiyA thA / yaha krama calatA hI rahA hai / koI adhyayana aisA nahIM jo gurvadhyayana ke binA hI huA ho / yadi pauruSeya-pakSa svIkAra karate haiM to veda ke racayitA puruSa ke dvArA kiyA gayA vedAdhyayana to binA gurvadhyayana ke hI siddha hogA jo asaMgata hai / ataH hameM vedoM ko apauruSeya hI mAnanA par3egA, kyoMki sAre adhyayana gurvavyayana ke bAda hote haiM / isa anumAna se pUrvapakSI kI bAtoM kA khaNDana hotA hai, ata: yaha 'pratisAdhana' ( pratikUla siddhi karanevAlA ) anumAna hai / ] yaha prazna pramANa kI koTi meM nahIM A sakatA, kyoMki nimna rUpa se pratIta honevAle anumAna se isa anumAna meM koI antara nahIM / ( donoM kA yogakSema arthAt jovana eka hI taraha kA hai ) - 'mahAbhArata kA sArA adhyayana guru ke adhyayana kI apekSA rakhatA hai, kyoMki mahAbhArata kA adhyayana hai, jaisA pahale vaisA hI Aja kA adhyayana' - [ ukta anumAna kI tulanA meM hI yaha anumAna diyA gayA hai to kyA mahAbhArata ko bhI Apa apauruSeya hI mAna 30 sa0 saM0

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466 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe leMge ? pUrvapakSI kahate haiM ki vAstava meM donoM anumAna AbhAsamAtra haiM, kyoMki donoM meM hI hetu aprayojaka hai / 'jo-jo adhyayana hai vaha saba gurvadhyayana ke bAda hI hogA' - isa niyama kI sthApanA meM koI hetu nahIM dikhalAI par3atA / likhita pATha karane yA pahale-pahala prakAzita karane meM to gurvadhyayana kI apekSA nahIM hI rahatI hai / ] ata: zlokavArtika meM diyA gayA anumAna hamArI bAta ke viruddha jAne kA sAhasa nahIM kara sakatA / ] nanu tatra vyAsaH karteti smayaMte ko hyanyaH puNDarIkAkSAnmahAbhAratakRdbhavet / ' ityAdAviti cet -- tadasAram / - 'RcaH sAmAni jajJire / chandAMsi jajJire tasmAdyajustasmAdajAyata || ( R0 10/9019 )' iti puruSasUkte vedasya sakartRkatApratipAdanAt / aba Apa kaha sakate haiM ki vahA~ ( mahAbhArata meM ) vyAsa kA smaraNa kartA ke rUpa meM kiyA jAtA hai, jaise isa zloka meM - 'puNDarIkAkSa ( nArAyaNa ke avatAra vyAsa ) ke alAve mahAbhArata kA racayitA kauna ho sakatA hai ?' isa ukti meM bhI koI dama nahIM / puruSasUkta (R0 10 / 90 ) meM bhI to veda ke sakartRka hone kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai " Rgveda, sAmaveda utpanna hue, usase chanda bhI nikale tathA yajurveda bhI usase utpanna huA / ' (R0 1019019 ) / [ yadi mahAbhArata ke racayitA kA smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, to veda ke racayitA bhI to pratipAdita hI haiM / ] ( 7 ka. pauruSeyasiddhi kA dUsarA rUpa ) kiM cAnityaH zabdaH sAmAnyavattve satyasmadAdibAhyendriyagrAhyatvAd ghaTavat / nanvidamanumAnaM sa evAyaM gakAra iti pratyabhijJApramANapratihatamiti cet -- tadatiphalgu / lUnapunarjAtakezakundAdAviva pratyabhijJAyAH sAmAnyaviSayatvena bAdhakatvAbhAvAt / [ pUrvapakSI neyAyika Age kahate haiM ki ] isake atirikta bhI; 'zabda anitya hai, kyoMki sAmAnya se yukta hone para hama logoM ke bAhyendriyoM se grAhya hai, jaise ghaTa / ' [ zabda meM zabdatva hai tathA usake dvArA vyApya katva, khatva Adi jAtiyA~ bhI haiM / vedoM ko apauruSeya mAnane ke lie unheM nitya mAnanA jarUrI hai, jaisA ki mImAMsaka zabda ko nitya mAnate bhI haiM, kintu pUrvapakSa se naiyAyika zabdoM ko anitya mAnakara veda kI pauruSeyatA siddha kareMge / yaha anumAna usI ke prasaMga meM diyA gayA hai / ] 1. tulanIya - kRSNadvaipAyanaM vyAsaM viddhi nArAyaNaM vibhum / ko'nyo hi bhuvi maitreya mahAbhAratakRdbhavet // ( vi0 pu0 324|5 )

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jaimini-darzanam - kucha loga Apatti kara sakate haiM ki yaha anumAna to 'yaha vahI gakAra hai' - isa taraha kI pratyabhijJA ( Recognition ) ke pramANa se khaNDita ho jAyagA / [ pratyabhijJA eka taraha kA pratyakSa hai, jisameM indriyoM kI sahAyatA se saMskAra ke dvArA jJAna utpanna hotA hai / - 'yaha vahI gakAra hai' kahane se spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki gakAra anitya nahIM hai / yadi usakI sattA nahIM hai, to kucha dera ke bAda bhI kaise pratIta huA ? ] [ neyAyika kahate haiM ki ] yaha socanA bilkula vyartha hai / jaise kATa dene para phira janamanevAle keza meM yA TUTa jAne para phira khilanevAle kunda ke phUla meM pratyabhijJA samAnatA ke kAraNa viSaya kA grahaNa kara letI hai [ ki yaha vahI keza yA kunda- puSpa hai - yadyapi keza yA phUla vahI nahIM, kintu vastu kI samAnatA se pratyabhijJA hotI hai / vaise hI yahA~ bhI pratyabhijJA huI, ] ata: prastuta prasaMga meM vaha bAdhaka nahIM bana sakatI / 467 nanvazarIrasya paramezvarasya tAlvAdisthAnAbhAvena varNoccAraNAsambhavAtkathaM tatpraNItatvaM vevasya syAditi cet-na tadram / svabhAvato'zarIrasyApi tasya bhaktAnugrahArthaM lIlAvigrahagrahaNasambhavAt / tasmAdvedasyApauruSeyatvavAcoyuktirna yukteti cet- / aba koI yaha pUcha sakatA hai ki paramezvara ke pAsa tAlu Adi uccAraNa-sthAna nahIM haiM, isalie ve varNoM kA uccAraNa nahIM kara sakate / phira vedoM ko unake dvArA racita Apa kaise mAnate haiM ? yaha prazna ucita nahIM hai / yadyapi 'paramezvara svabhAvataH zarIrarahita hai' kintu ve bhaktoM para kRpA karane ke lie apanI lIlA se vigraha ( zarIra, indriya Adi ) dhAraNa kara sakate haiN| isa prakAra veda ko apauruSeya mAnane ke tarka ( vAcoyukti ) asaMgata hai / ( 8. veda apauruSeya haiM- siddhAnta-pakSa ) tatra samAdhAnamabhidhIyate / kimidaM pauruSeyatvaM sisAdhayiSitam ? puruSAdutpannatvamAtraM yathAsmadAdibhiraharaharuccAryamANasya vedasya ? pramANAntareNArthamupalabhya tatprakAzanAya racitatvaM vA yathAsmadAdibhireva nibadhyamAnasya prabandhasya ? prathame na vipratipattiH / aba hama saboM kA samAdhAna karate haiM / yaha pauruSeyatva siddha karane kI jo icchA karate haiM, vaha pauruSeyatva hai kyA cIja ? jaise hama loga pratidina veda kA uccAraNa karate haiM, kyA usI prakAra puruSa se kevala utpanna honA hI pauruSeyatva hai ? athavA jaise hama loga prabandha kI racanA karate haiM, usI taraha dUsare pramANoM se viSaya kA grahaNa karake ( tathya-saMgraha karake ) usake prakAzana ke lie racanA karanA hI pauruSeyatva hai ? karate haiM to hameM bhI koI Apatti nahIM, [ kyoMki isa dazA meM hue bhI hamAre svara-meM-svara milAkara yaha svIkAra karate hI haiM yadi pahalA pakSa svIkAra pauruSeyatva svIkAra karate ki veda Izvara kI racanA

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468 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe nahIM hai / jaise vedoM kA hamaloga uccAraNa karate haiM vaise hI Izvara ne bhI kiyA thA / isakA artha hai ki veda pahale se the, Izvara ne kevala uccAraNa kiyA / ] dvitIye kimanumAnabalAttatsAdhanamAgamabalAdvA ? naabH| mAlatImAdhavAdivAkyeSu savyabhicAratvAt / atha pramANatve satIti viziSyata iti cet tadapi na vipazcito manasi vaishdymaapdyte| pramANAntarAgocarArthapratipAdakaM hi vAkyaM vedavAkyam / tatpramANAntaragocarArthapratipAdakamiti sAdhyamAne mama mAtA vandhyetivad vyAghAtApAtAt / dUsare vikalpa ko lene para kyA ukta tathya kI siddhi Apa anumAna ke bala se karate haiM yA Agama (zabda) pramANa ke bala se ? anumAna-pramANa ke bala se to nahIM kara sakate, kyoMki vesI dazA meM mAlatImAdhava ( bhavabhUti-racita eka nATaka ) Adi vAkyoM ke granthoM se vAkyoM meM isakA vyabhicAra hogaa| [ yadi pramANAntara se arthoM kA saMgraha karake Izvara ne veda kI racanA kI hai to mAlatImAdhava ke kapolakalpita vAkyoM ko prAmANika mAnanA par3egA / yahA~ para savyabhicAra nAmaka hetvAbhAsa hai / Upara jo anumAna pUrvapakSiyoM ne diyA hai ki vedavAkya vAkya hone ke nAte Apta puruSa ke racita haiM jaise manu Adi ke vAkya,isameM vAkyatva hetu hai, pauruSeyatva sAdhya hai aura pauruSeyatva kA prastuta prasaMga meM artha hai pramANAntara se vastu kA grahaNa karake usakI abhivyakti ke lie racanA krnaa| mAlatImAdhava meM kathAvastu kAlpanika hone ke kAraNa pramANAntara se siddha nahIM kI gaI hai| isa prakAra mAlatImAdhava meM sAdhya kA abhAva hai, phira bhI vAkyatva kI vRtti ho jAtI hai / ataH 'vAkyatva' hetu savyabhicAra hai, asat hai| ] aba yadi 'pramANa hone para' ( =prAmANika vAkya hone ke kAraNa-pUrA hetu ) aisA vizeSaNa lagA deM to bhI yaha vidvAnoM ke mana ko santuSTa nahIM hI kara skegaa| [ mAlatImAdhava ke uparyukta doSa-vyabhicAra-kI nivRtti ke lie yaha vizeSaNa lagAyA gayA hai| uparyukta rIti se mAlatImAdhava ke vAkyoM ko vAkya bhale hI kaha sakate haiM kintu jaba 'prAmANika vAkya' aisA niyama lagA deMge to mAlatImAdhava meM vyabhicAra nahIM ho skegaa| para yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai ] / kAraNa yaha hai ki veda ke vAkyoM kA sarvamAnya lakSaNa hai ki jo vAkya dUsare kisI bhI pramANa se na pratIta honevAle viSayoM kA pratipAdana kare vahI vedavAkya hai| aba yadi Apa uparyukta rIti se ise anya pramANoM ke dvArA jJAta honevAle viSaya kA pratipAdana karane lageM to vaisA hI vyAghAta ( Atmavirodha Self-contradicstion ) hogA, jaise koI kahe ki merI mAtA bandhyA hai| (8. ka. pauruSeyatva kA dUsare prakAra se khaNDana ) kiM ca paramezvarasya lIlAvigrahaparigrahAbhyupagame'pyatIndriyArthadarzanaM na saMjAghaTIti / dezakAlasvabhAvaviprakRSTArthagrahaNopAyAbhAvAt / na ca taccA

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jaimini-varzanam rAdikameva tAdRkpratItijananakSamamiti mantavyam / dRSTAnusAreNaiva kalpanAyA AzrayaNIyatvAt / taduktaM gurubhiH sarvajJanirAkaraNavelAyAm 6. yatrApyatizayo dRSTaH sa svArthAnatilaGghanAt / dUrasUkSmAdidRSTau syAnna rUpe zrotravRttitA // iti| yadi Apa (pUrvapakSI ) logoM ke anusAra yaha bhI mAna leM ki paramezvara apanI lIlA ke vigraha dhAraNa karate haiM to bhI isakA samAdhAna nahIM hI hotA hai ki ve atIndriya vastuoM ko kaise dekhate hoMge ? deza, kAla aura svabhAva se jo vastueM indriyoM se asambaddha (viprakRSTa ) haiM unake grahaNa kA paramezvara ke pAsa koI upAya to nahIM hai| [ dezAntara yA lokAntara meM vidyamAna vastu deza se viprakRSTa hotI hai, bhUta yA bhaviSyat kI vastu kAla se viprakRSTa hotI hai| kitanI cIjeM svabhAva se indriyAsambaddha haiM, jaise-A~kha se rasa aura gandha kA grahaNa / sabhI indriyoM ke apane-apane viSaya haiM jinheM svabhAva kahate haiM / nAka se gandha hI le sakate haiM, rUpa nahIM, ityAdi / ] ____ Apa aisA nahIM kaha sakate ki cakSu Adi indriyA~ hI [ Izvara ko viprakRSTa vastuoM kI bhI ] vaisI pratIti karAne meM samartha haiM / kalpanA bhI dekhI huI vastuoM ke AdhAra para kI jAtI hai, [ beThikAne kI nahIM / ] sarvajJa kA nirAkaraNa ( Izvara-khaNDana ) ke avasara para prabhAkara-guru ne kahA hai-'jahA~ bhI hama atizaya (vizeSa prakAra kI sAmarthya ) dekhate haiM vahAM vaha ( sAmarthya ) apane viSayoM (jaise cakSu ke lie rUpa) kA binA ullaMghana kiye hue hI dekhI jAtI hai| [svaviSaya kA atikramaNa binA kie hue hI vaha sAmarthya ] dUrastha vastuoM yA sUkSma vastuoM kA grahaNa karA pAtI hai| [ kintu isakA yaha artha ] kabhI nahIM hai ki rUpa ke viSaya meM zrotrendriya kI vRtti dekhI jAya / '[ kisI vyakti meM adhika zakti hone para yaha ho sakatA hai vaha dUra kI yA sUkSma vastuoM ko dekha le, kintu deza, kAla yA svabhAva ke kAraNa jo vastu indriyoM ko pahu~ca ke bAhara ho gayI hai, use to nahIM dekha sakatA-vaha vyakti kAna se dekha nahIM sakatA, nAka se suna nahIM sktaa| yahI bAta Izvara ke sAtha hai| ataH jaba ApakA puruSa ( Izvara) hI sattAvAn nahIM to veda kyA pauruSeya hoMge-Izvara veda kI racanA kyA kara sakegA ? ] ata eva nAgamabalAttatsAdhanam / yathA 'tena proktam' (pA0 sU0 4 // 3 / 101) iti pANinyanuzAsane jAgratyapi kAThaka-kAlApa-taittirIyamityAdisamAkhyAdhyayanasampradAyapravartakaviSayatvenopapadyate, tadvavatrApi sampradAyapravartaka vissytvenaapyuppdyte| ___isIlie ( sarvajJa kI siddhi na ho sakane ke kAraNa ) Agama ke bala se bhI Apake sAdhya ( pauruSeyatva ) kI siddhi nahIM ho sktii| [yukti kA virodha hone ke kAraNa Izvara ke sarvajJatva ko siddhi Agama meM kahI gayI bAtoM se nahIM ho sktii| ] jaise pANini ke

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470 sarvasanasaMgrahe 'tena proktam' ( unhoMne pravacana kiyA 4 / 3101 ) isa sUtra ke rahane para bhI kAThaka (kaTha RSi ke dvArA prokta viSayoM ko par3hanevAle ), kAlApa ( kalApI RSi ke prokta viSayoM ko par3hane vAle ), taittirIya ( tittiri... ) Adi yaugika zabdoM kI siddhi usa RSi ke dvArA saMcAlita adhyayana ke sampradAya ke pravartaka ke rUpa meM hotI hai, usI prakAra yahA~ bhI (veda usase utpanna hue, Adi vAkyoM meM bhI ) sampradAya ke pravartaka ke rUpa meM siddhi kI jA sakatI hai| vizeSa-pANini ke 'tena proktam' isa arthAza-vidhAyaka sUtra se vibhinna pratyayoM ko lagAkara ukta yaugika zabdoM kI siddhi hotI hai-kaThena proktamadhIyate kaThAH / kalApinA proktamadhIyate kAlApAH / tittiriNA proktamadhIyate taittirIyAH / yadyapi kaThAdi RSiyoM ne apanI-apanI zAkhA kI racanA nahIM kI, phira bhI ve eka-eka adhyayana-sampradAya ke pravataka ke rUpa meM zAkhAoM meM vikhyAta haiM / jaise kaThAdi ke AdhAra para zAkhAoM meM samAkhyA ( yaugika zabda ) banatI hai, vaise hI Izvara meM sarvajJatva kA nirUpaNa karate haiM / vAstava meM isakA artha-nirmANa karanA nahIM hai, balki apanI yA dUsare kI kRti ko adhyApana ke dvArA prakAza meM lAnA hI pravacana hai| isa prakAra kaThAdi nAma ( samAkhyA ) apanI mukhya-vRtti ke hI sAtha virAjamAna haiN| aba zabda ko anitya mAnanevAle naiyAyikoM para daNDa-prahAra karane jA rahe haiN| (9. zabdAnityatva kA khaNDana ) na caanumaanblaacchbdsyaanitytvsiddhiH| pratyabhijJAvirodhAt / na cAsatyapyekatve sAmAnyanibandhanaM taditi sAmpratam / sAmAnyanibandhanatvamasya balavadvAdhakopanipAtAdAsthIyate kvacid vybhicaardrshnaadvaa| tatra kvacid vyabhicAradarzane tadutprekSAyAmuktaM svataH prAmANyavAdibhiH 7. utprekSeta hi yo mohAdajJAtamapi bAdhanam / sa sarvavyavahAreSu saMzayAtmA vinazyati // iti / anumAna ke bala se Apa zabda ko anitya siddha nahIM kara skte| aisA karane se pratyabhijJA kA virodha hogaa| (Upara dekheM, anu0 7 ka ) / yaha kahanA bhI yuktiyukta nahIM hai ki [ 'yaha vahI gakAra hai'-isa pratyabhijJA meM ] yadyapi varNoM kI ekatA nahIM hai, para ve varNo ke tAdAtmya ke kAraNa eka samAna jaisA lagate haiM, [ unameM gatva-jAti hai| ] 'voM kA eka samAna laganA' Apa kyoM svIkAra kara rahe haiM ? kyA dRDhatara se pramANa varNavyaktiyoM (Individual Letters) meM bheda par3ane ke kAraNa bAdhA se Darate haiM yA kahIM para vyabhicAra (niyama kA ullaMghana ) hone se Darate haiM ? [ yaha vahI hai, aisI pratyabhijJA tabhI ho sakatI hai, jaba pahale se dekhI huI aura aba dekhI gayI vastu meM ekatA ho-yaha niyama hai| kahIMkahIM ekatA na rahane para pratyabhijJA kisI taraha ho jAtI hai, jaise kaTe hue kezoM ke punaH

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jaimini-parzanam 471 ugane para kahate haiM ki ye vahI keza haiN| yahA~ to usa niyama kA ullaMghana arthAta vyabhicAra huaa| aba ina vikalpoM kI khabara lete hue pahale dUsare vikalpoM kI hI AlocanA karate haiN|] . yadi kahIM-kahIM vyabhicAra-darzana ke kAraNa [ uparyukta sAmAnya-nivandhanatva = vargoM ke tAdAtmya ke kAraNa unakI samatA kI pratIti ]' mAnanI par3a rahI ho to isa para vedoM ko apane-Apa meM prAmANika mAnanevAle ( mImAMsaka ) kahate haiM-'jo ( mUrkha) apanI mUrkhatA ke kAraNa ajJAta bAdhAoM kI bhI sambhAvanA ( utprekSA ) karatA rahatA hai, vaha saMzayAtmA saMsAra ke sabhI vyavahAroM meM mArA hI jAtA hai // 7 // [ koI relagAr3I para baiThate hue socane lage ki kahIM durghaTanA na ho jAya, yA kahIM khAte samaya soce ki vaha mara na jAyaabhiprAya yaha hai ki bAdhA ajJAta rahane para bhI usI kI cintA meM DUba jAya to aise vyakti saMsAra meM koI kAma nahIM kara sakate / pratyabhijJAvAle bhI yadi kisI dRSTAnta meM vyabhicAra hone ke bhaya se apane siddhAntoM kA parimArjana karane lagate haiM to inheM dArzanika kahane kA dambha nahIM karanA caahie|] nanvidaM pratyabhijJAnaM gatvAdijAtiviSayaM na gAdivyaktiviSayam / tAsAM pratipuruSa bhedopalambhAt / anyathA 'somazarmA'dhIte' iti vibhAgo na syAditi cet tadapi zomAM na viti| gAdivyaktibhede pramANAbhAvena gatvAdijAtiviSayakalpanAyAM pramANAbhAvAt / yathA gotvamajAnata ekameva bhinnadezaparimANasaMsthAnavyaktyupadhAnavazAddhinnavezamivAlpamiva mahadiva dIrghamiva vAmanamiva prathate tathAgavyaktimajAnata ekApi vyaJjakabhedAt tatadharmAnubandhinI prtibhaaste| [ aba balavAn bAdhakavAle pakSa para prahAra karate haiM-ye neyAyika loga pUcha sakate haiM ki ] yaha pratyabhijJAna ( yaha vahI gakAra hai jise pahale dekhA thA, isa rUpa meM honevAlI pratyabhijJA ) gatva Adi jAti se sambaddha hai, na ki ga Adi vyakti se / kAraNa yaha ki pratyeka puruSa ke uccAraNoM kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa ga Adi vargoM ke vyakti-rUpa ( Individual forms ) bhinna-bhinna hote haiN| yadi aisA nahIM hotA to somazarmA par3ha rahe haiM aise vyavahAra meM vibhAga nahIM ho sktaa| [ yadi sabhI gakAra-vyakti eka hI hote to jisa ga kA uccAraNa somazarmA ne kiyA hai usI kA dUsare ne bhI kiyA hogA, to phira rAma par3atA 1. kaTe hue kezoM ke phira se uga jAne ke dRSTAnta meM keza-vyakti kA bheda pratyakSa rUpa se dikhalAI par3atA hai| vivaza hokara niyama-vyabhicAra svIkAra karanA par3atA hai| dUsare kisI bhI dRSTAnta meM bAdhA denevAlA koI nahIM hai| isalie isa sthAna para vyabhicAra dekhakara mAnanA par3atA hai ki ekalva na rahane para bho sAdRzya ke kAraNa pratyabhijJA hotI hai| isI ke uttara meM mImAMsaka sAtaveM zloka kA upanyAsa karate haiM /

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472 sarvadarzanasaMgrahahai, hari par3hatA hai-isa taraha ke vibhAgoM kA prayoga kyoM karate haiM ? somazarmA par3hatA hai devadatta nahIM-yaha vyavahAra to nirAdhAra hI ho jaaygaa|] yaha prazna bhI karanA naiyAyikoM ko zobhA nahIM detaa| gakAra ke vyakti kI bhinnatA mAnane ke lie jisa prakAra koI pramANa nahIM hai usI prakAra gatva Adi jAti ke viSaya meM kalpanA karane kA bhI koI AdhAra nahIM hai| [ abhiprAya hai ki 'yaha vahI gakAra hai' isa taraha ga ke vyakti ke viSaya meM jo pratyabhijJA hotI hai use gatvajAti se sambaddha mAnane kA koI pramANa nahIM / ] jaise (neyAyikoM ke siddhAnta ke anusAra ) gotva-jAti ko nahIM jAnanevAle puruSa ko eka hI gotva-jAti vibhinna deza, parimANa yA saMsthAna (AkRti) kI vyaktigata upAdhiyoM ( Individual conditions ) ke calate vibhinna rUpoM meM pratIti hotI hai ki yaha ( gotva ) dUsare sthAna kA hai, yahA~ choTA hai, yahAM bar3A hai, yahA~ lambA hai, yahA~ nATA hai aadi| [ kahane kA artha hai ki gotva-jAti kA vAstavika rUpa na jAnanevAle loga eka hI gotva-jAti ko vyaktiyoM kI vilakSaNatA dekhakara vibhinna prakAra kA samajhate haiM isa sthAna kA gotva usa sthAna ke gotva se alaga hai, yahA~ kA golva lambA hai, baunA hai aadi| isase golva meM bheda nahIM par3atA, yaha to neyAyika bhI mAnate hI haiN| yahI bAta gakArAdi vyaktiyoM ke viSaya meM hai| ise dekheN| ] usI prakAra gakAravyakti ko nahIM jAnanevAle puruSa ko vyakta karanevAle sAdhanoM ( vyaMjakoM ) ke bheda ke kAraNa, go-vyakti eka hone para bhI, vibhinna dharmoM se sambaddha pratIta hotA hai| vizeSa-nAbhi-pradeza se prayatna ke dvArA prerita vAyu mukha meM AtI hai tathA jihvA, agrabhAga Adi kA sparza karatI huI kaNTha Adi sthAnoM meM AghAta karake dhvani utpanna karatI hai| yaha dhvani hI apane antara meM virAjamAna gakArAdi vargoM kI abhivyakti karatI hai| yahI dhvani nAda kahalAtI hai| isa vyaMjaka dhvani meM rahanevAle alpatva, mahattva Adi dharmoM ke sambandha ke kAraNa ga-vyakti eka hone para bhI bhinna-bhinna pratIta hotI hai| isI kAraNa 'somazarmA par3hate haiM' aisA vibhAga kiyA jAtA hai| zabda ko nitya mImAMsaka bhI mAnate haiN| zabda sadA se rahatA hai, kintu vAyu kI taraMgoM se abhivyakta kiye jAne kI apekSA rakhatA hai / dekhiye, jaiminisUtra ( 1 / 117 ) / etena viruddhadharmAdhyAsAd bhedasiddhiriti pratyuktam / tatra kiM svAbhAviko viruddhadharmAdhyAso bhevasAdhakatvenAbhimataH prAtItiko vA ? prthme'siddhiH| aparathA svAbhAvikabhedAbhyupagame 'dazagakArAnuvacArayaccatraH' iti pratipattiH syAnna tu dazakRtvo gakAra iti| isa prakAra [ga-vyaktiyoM meM ] virodhI dharmoM ( jaise alpatva, mahattva ) kA AropaNa hone se [ vibhinna gakAroM meM ] bheda kI siddhi hotI haiM, yaha pratyuttara diyA gayA / aba prazna hai ki bheda kI siddhi karane ke lie jo viruddha dharmoM ke mithyAropaNa (adhyAsa) kA

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1 jaimini-darzanam 473 sahArA liyA gayA hai vaha vAstavika hai yA kevala pratIta hotA hai ? yadi yaha ( viruddha dharmo kA adhyAsa ) vAstavika hai taba to isakI siddhi nahIM hogI [ kyoMki gakAroM meM svabhAvataH viruddha dharma hai hI nahIM - na koI ga zabda choTA hai na bar3A / ] nahIM to, yadi [ yaha adhyAsa vAstavika hotA aura ] hama svAbhAvika rUpa se bheda ko sattA mAnate to 'caitra ne dasa gakAroM kA uccAraNa kiyA' aise vAkya kA pratipAdana hotA, na ki 'caitra ne gakAra kA dasa bAra uccAraNa kiyA' aise vAkya kA / [ vAstava meM gakAra kA dasa bAra uccAraNa hotA hai / ata: gakAra para viruddha dharmoM kA AropaNa satya nahIM hotA / ] dvitIye tu na svAbhAvikamedasiddhiH / na hi paropAdhibhedena svAbhAvikamaikyaM vihanyate / mA bhUnnabhaso'pi kumbhAdyupAdhibhedAtsvAbhAviko bhedaH / tatra vyAvRttavyavahAro nAdanidAnaH / taduktamAcAryai: 8. prayojanaM tu yajjAtestadvarNAdeva lapsyate / vyaktilabhyaM tu nAvebhya iti gatvAdidhI vRthA // tathA ca 9. pratyabhijJA yadA zabde jAgata niravagrahA / anityatvAnumAnAni saiva sarvANi bAdhate // iti / yadi dUsarA vikalpa ( viruddha dharmoM kA prAtibhAsika adhyAsa ) lete haiM to svAbhAvika bheda kI siddhi hI nahIM hogii| dUsare sthAnoM meM vartamAna upAdhiyoM ke bheda se kisI kI svAbhAvika ekatA kA vinAza nahIM hotA / [ yadi kisI kI svAbhAvika ekatA kA kabhI vinAza nahIM hogA taba to AkAza meM ghaTAdi upAdhiyoM ke kAraNa bheda nahIM hI ho sakegA, Apa ghaTAkAzAdi kI siddhi kaise kareMge ? ] ThIka hai, AkAza meM bhI ghaTAdi upAdhiyoM ke kAraNa svAbhAvika bheda nahIM hI utpanna hotA hai / [ jo loga 'aupAdhika bheda' kahate haiN| unakA tAtparya hai ki upAdhiyA~ bhinna-bhinna hotI haiM, na ki upAdhiyoM ke kAraNa vastu meM bheda / taba gakAra vyakti ke eka hone para 'isa gakAra ko somazarmA ne par3hA', 'ise devadatta ne par3hA' - isa taraha eka dUsare ke virodhI vAkyoM kI pratIti kaise hogI ? ] ina eka dUsaroM kA vyAvartana (virodha) karanevAle vAkyoM kA vyavahAra nAda ( vyaMjaka dhvani ) ke kAraNa hai / ise AcAryoM ne kahA bhI hai- 'jisa kAma ke lie [ neyAyika loga ] jAti ko svIkAra karate haiM vaha kAma ( prayojana ) to kevala varNa se pUrNa kiyA jA sakatA hai / jisa lakSya kI prApti unheM vyakti ko svIkAra karane para hotI hai use hama nAdoM ( vyaMjaka dhvaniyoM) se siddha kara lete haiM-ata: gatvAdi - jAti kA jJAna vyartha // 8 // ' [ mImAMsaka gatva-jAti kA khaNDana karate haiM kyoMki gakArAdi vyakti eka hI hai / ghaTatvAdi jAti ko naiyAyika isalie svIkAra karate haiM ki 'yaha ghaTa, vaha ghaTa', Adi pratIti ho

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ske| yaha kAma hama loga gakAra-vyakti kI ekatA se hI siddha kara dete haiN| aba bAta hai ki joroM se uccarita gakAra, dhIre se uccarita gakAra Adi meM bheda ke lie to vyakti ko svIkAra karanA hI par3a sakatA hai ? nahIM, vyaktiyoM ko anekatA kI siddhi usa viziSTa vyakti kI vyaMjanA karanevAle nAdoM se hI ho jAyagI / isa prakAra gatva Adi jAti mAnanA vyartha hai|] ___ usI prakAra -'zabda meM jaba nirbAdha pratyabhijJA utpanna hotI hai, taba zanda anitya siddha karanevAle sAre anumAnoM kA yahI khaNDana kara detI hai // 9 // (10. veda kI prAmANikatA-niSkarSa ) etenevamapAstaM yadavAdi vAgIzvareNa mAnamanohare-'anityaH zabdaH, indriyagrAhyavizeSaguNatvAccabhUrUpavaditi / zabdadravyatvavAdinaM prtysiddhH| dhvanyaMze siddhasAdhanatvAcca / azrAvaNatvopAdhibAdhitatvAcca / uvayanastu AzrayApratyakSatve'pyabhAvasya pratyakSatA mahatA prabandhena pratipAdayannivRttaH kolAhalaH, utpannaH zabda iti vyavahArAcaraNe kAraNaM pratyakSa zabdAnityatve pramANayati sm| ____ isa prakAra ke zAstrArtha se, jo vAgIzvara ne mAnamanohara nAmaka grantha meM anumAna diyA hai, usakA bhI khaNDana ho gyaa| [ vaha anumAna isa prakAra hai ]-'zabda anitya hai kyoMki yaha indriya (zrotra ) ke dvArA grahaNa karane yogya vizeSa guNa hai, jaise cakSu ( indriya) kA rUpa ( gunn)|' zabda ko dravya mAnanevAle loga to ise asiddha kara deNge| mImAMsaka loga varNAtmaka zabda ko dravya mAnate haiM / madhva-mata mAnanevAle bhI kakArAdi ko dravya hI kahate haiN| jaba zabda guNa hI nahIM hai to eka indriya ke dvArA bAhya vizeSa guNa kahA~ se hogA? isa taraha zabda ( pakSa ) meM hetu kI vRtti nahIM hone se yaha svarUpAsiddha hetu ho jAyagA / dhvanyAtmaka zabda ko mImAMsaka anitya mAnate haiN| ] dhvanyAtmaka zabda ko [ anitya siddha karane kA prayAsa vyartha hai, kyoMki aisA karanA] siddha vastu ko phira se siddha karanA ho jAyagA / isake atirikta yaha anumAna (dhvanyaMza ko anitya siddha karanevAlA anumAna ) 'azrAvaNalva' upAdhi se bAdhita hogA ( = vyApyatvAsiddha hetu ho jAyagA / ) [ upAdhi ke viSaya meM cArvAka darzana meM kAphI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| uparyukta anumAna meM hetu ( indriyagrAhyavizeSaguNatva ) itanA vyApaka hai ki kabhI-kabhI yaha nitya ( sAdhya kA abhAva ) vastuoM meM, jaise mImAMsakoM ke anusAra nitya zabda meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai ataH azrAvaNatva upAdhi lagAnI pdd'egii| dekhiye-cArvAkadarzana / upAdhiyukta hetu rahane se doSa hogaa| . [zabda ko anitya mAnanevAle udayana kA mata- udayanAcArya Azraya (zabdAzraya AkAza ) kA pratyakSa na hone para bhI abhAva kA pratyakSa (Azraya meM vidyamAna abhAva kA

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jaimini-darzanam 475 pratyakSa ) bahuta bar3e nibandha ke dvArA pratipAdita karake 'kolAhala samApta ho gayA', 'hallA zurU huA' isa prakAra ke vyavahAroM meM zabda ko anitya mAnane kA kAraNa pratyakSa pramANa hI hai, aisA siddha karate haiM / [ zabda kI utpatti aura dhvaMsa hotA hai ataH vaha anitya hai / yaha hama pratyakSataH jAnate haiM / zabda ke utpanna hone kA yA zabda ke vinaSTa hone kA vyavahAra pratyakSa hI hai / prazna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki zabda kA vinAza to pradhvaMsAbhAva huA usakA pratyakSa kaise hogA ? abhAva kA pratyakSa karane ke lie to usake bahuta Avazyaka hai aura zabdAbhAva ke Azraya AkAza kA pratyakSa hotA nahIM, kyoMki vaha atIndriya hai | isakA kyA uttara hai ? vAyu yadyapi acAkSuSa hai kintu vAyu meM jo rUpAbhAva hai| use to cAkSuSa ( cakSurgrAhya ) hI dekhate haiM / ataH yaha koI niyama nahIM ki abhAva kA pratyakSa karane ke lie abhAvAzraya kA pratyakSa karanA jarUrI hai / phala yaha huA ki zabda kI utpatti aura vinAza ke AdhAra para zabda ko anitya siddha karate haiM / ] Azraya kA pratyakSa karanA so'pi viruddhadharmasaMsargasyopAdhikatvopapAdananyAyena datta raktabalivetAlasamaH / yo hi nityatve sarvadopalabdhya nupalabdhiprasaGgo nyAyabhUSaNakAroktaH, so'pi dhvanisaMskRtasyopalambhAbhyupagamAtpratikSiptaH / yattu yugapadindriyasambandhitvena pratiniyatasaMskAraka saMskAryatvAbhAvAnumAnaM tadAtmanyaikAntikamityalamatikalahena / tatazca vedasyApauruSeyatayA nirastasamastazaGkAkalaGkAGkuratvena svataH siddhaM dharme prAmANyamiti susthitam / zabda meM paraspara viruddha dharmo ( utpatti aura vinAza ) kA saMsarga honA upAdhi para nirbhara karatA hai aisA siddha kara sakate haiM, ataH udayana usa vetAla kI taraha santuSTa ho jAya~ge jo rakta kI bali dekhakara prasanna ho jAtA hai / [ zabda meM jo vyaMjaka dhvani hai vaha upAdhi ke rUpa meM hai jisa para tAratva, mandatva Adi viruddha dharma pratibhAsita hote haiM-bhale hI ye dharma zabda meM vastutaH nahIM haiM / usI prakAra utpatti aura vinAza bhI usa para vaise hI pratibhASita hote haiM / 'kolAhala samApta huA', 'zabda utpanna huA' ina vAkyoM ke vyavahAra isI AdhAra para hote haiM / ina vAkyoM ke siddha karane kI jo hamArI vidhi hai, usase udayana santuSTa ho jAyeMge / ve zabda kI nityatA kA khaNDana karane ko Age nahIM bar3heMge / ] nyAyabhUSaNa ke racayitA ( bhAsarvajJa, samaya - 925 I0 ) ne jo yaha kahA hai ki zabda ko nitya mAnane para, yA to sadA sabhI zabdoM kI upalabdhi hogI yA sadA anupalabdhi hI rahegI; nAnA prakAra ke nitya zabda yadi pratyeka ko vyApta karate haiM to vyaMjaka se sabhI zabdoM kI upalabdhi hogI aura yadi vyApta nahIM karate haiM to vyaMjaka dhvani rahane para bhI zabda kI upalabdhi nahIM ho sakegI ) yaha bhI khaNDita ho gayA hai, kyoMki dhvani se jisakA jahA~ saMskAra ho jAtA hai vahIM usI kI upalabdhi hotI hai [ sabhI zabdoM kI sarvatra upalabdhi yA anupalabdhi nahIM ho sakatI / ]

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe phira bhI kucha loga kaha sakate haiM ki [ zabdoM ke vyApaka hone ke kAraNa sabhI zabda ] eka hI sAtha zrotrendriya se sambaddha ho jAyaMge isalie saMskAraka ( vyaMjaka dhvani ) aura saMskArya ( zabda ) kA niyamita sambandha nahIM mila sakatA, aisA anumAna hotA hai / [ anumAna isa rUpa meM hogA-koI zabda kisI nizcita saMskAraka ke dvArA saMskRta nahIM hotA, kyoMki dUsaroM ke sAtha bhI usakA vahI sambandha rahatA hai / kintu yahA~ para hetu sat (zuddha ) nahIM hai| ] yahA~ AtmA meM anekAntika ( savyabhicAra ) hetu hai-so, adhika jhagar3A karanA bekAra hai / [ sabhI jIvAtmAeM vibhu haiM, sarvatra vidyamAna haiM phira bhI cAkSuSa-pratyakSa Adi se jJAna prApta karane ke samaya eka hI AtmA saMskRta hotI hai, sabhI jIvAtmAeM nhiiN|] ___ataH sArI zaMkAoM ke kalaMkAMkura kA nAza ho jAne para, apauruSeya jJAna ke rUpa meM, dharma ke viSaya meM, veda kI prAmANikatA apane Apa meM hI siddha hai-yaha nizcita huaa| (prAmANyavAda kA nirUpaNa ) syAdetat / 10. pramANatvApramANatve svataH sAMkhyAH smaashritaaH| naiyAyikAste parataH, saugatAzcaramaM svataH // 11. prathamaM parataH prAhuH prAmANyaM, vedvaadinH| pramANatvaM svataH prAhuH paratazcApramANatAm / iti vAdivivAdadarzanAtkathaMkAraM svataH dharme prAmANyamiti siddhavatkRtya svIkriyate ? ___ astu, aisA hI ho / parantu nimnalikhita rUpa meM vAdiyoM ko vivAda karate hue dekhakara bhI Apa veda ko dharma ke viSaya meM apane Apa meM pramANa mAnate hue ise nizcitajaisA kyoM samajha rahe haiM ? "prAmANya aura aprAmANya donoM ko sAMkhya loga svataH mAnate haiN| naiyAyika loga donoM ko parataH mAnate haiM / bauddha loga aprAmANya ko svataH tathA prAmANya ko parataH kahate haiM jaba ki vedavAdI ( mImAMsaka ) loga prAmANya ko svataH tathA aprAmANya ko parataH mAnate haiN|" vizeSa-yathArtha anubhava ke rUpa meM jo pramA yA pramANa hotA hai usI meM rahanevAle dharma ko prAmANya ( yA pramANatva yA pramAtva ) kahate haiN| isI taraha ayathArtha anubhava meM rahanevAle dharma ko aprAmANya kahate haiM / aba prazna hai ki kisI vastu ke prAmANya yA aprAmANya kA kAraNa kyA hai ? kAraNa khojane ke viSaya meM vibhinna dArzanika vivAda karate haiM-unake vAda ko hI prAmANyavAda ke nAma se pukArate haiM / yaha do prakAra kA ho sakatA hai| eka to vaha jisameM kAraNa ko prAmANya utpAdaka samajheM aura dUsarA vaha jisameM kAraNa ko isa kA jJApaka ( batalAnevAlA ) samajheM / isa vivAda kA mUla yahI hai ki kucha loga prAmANya kA kAraNa svayaM (=prAmANya, usa para Azrita jJAna tathA usake lie

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jaimini-darzanam upayukta kAraNasAmagrI ) ko hI samajhate haiM jaba ki dUsare loga isakA kAraNa kisI anya sAdhana (jaise smRti, anumAna Adi ) ko samajhate haiM / yahI bAta aprAmANya ke sambandha meM bhI hai| apane Apa meM yadi aprAmANikatA utpanna yA jJAta ho to aprAmANya svata: hai, anyathA parata: hai yadi vaha kisI dUsare sAdhana se utpanna hotI hai / vibhinna dArzanikoM ke vivAda isa prakAra haiM "" (1) sAMkhyoM ke anusAra, prAmANya svataH aprAmANya svataH / ( 2 ) neyAyikoM parataH, parataH / ( 3 ) bauddhoM parataH, svataH / ( 4 ) mImAMsakoM svataH, parataH / 17 "" 33 prAmANyavAda ke prazna para mImAMsakoM kA sabase bar3A vivAda naiyAyikoM ke hI sAtha hai / yadyapi neyAyika aura mImAMsaka aprAmANya ke prazna para ekamata haiM ki yaha parata: hai, para prAmANya ke viSaya meM donoM ekAnta-virodhI haiM / yAyikoM kA kathana hai ki prAmANya tabhI utpanna ho sakatA hai jaba jJAna ko utpanna karanevAle sabhI sAdhana vidyamAna hoM, indriyA~ ThIka hoM Adi / ye sAdhana bAhya haiM / viSaye - ndriyasannikarSa hone para 'ayaM ghaTaH ' yaha vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna utpanna hotA hai / taba ' ahaM ghaTaM jAnAmi' isa rUpa meM anuvyavasAya kA janma hotA hai / isake bAda prAmANya aura aprAmANya kI smRti hotI hai, taba isa pratyakSajJAna ke viSaya meM sandeha utpanna hotA hai-anta meM pravRtti ke saphala hone para jJAna ko prAmANika kahate haiM / ataH anumAna ke dvArA prAmANya kI utpatti hone se ye loga parataH prAmANyavAda svIkAra karate haiM / "" 17 "7 " 477 "1 isa para mImAMsaka kahate haiM ki ukta bAhya sAdhana vAstava meM usa jJAna ke sAmAnya sAdhana haiM, kyoMki unake binA vizvAsa nahIM hogA aura isalie koI jJAna nahIM hotA / neyAyikoM ko yaha ukti ki prAmANya anumAna se utpanna hotA hai-bhrAnta hai, kyoMki isase anavasthA hogI aura sAre vyavahAra niSphala ho jAyeMge / yadi kiso pratyakSa ke samarthana ke lie anumAna kI AvazyakatA hai to nyAya ke niyama ke hI anusAra anumAna kA bho to samarthana kisI dUsare anumAna se hogA / isa taraha eka pratyakSa para ananta kAla taka anumAna calate raheMge / isa taraha karane se saMsAra kA kAma kaise calegA ? moTara kI dhvani sunate hI hama bagala ho jAte haiM / yadi sunane ke bAda apane pratyakSa jJAna kI prAmANikatA ke lie ananta kAla taka calanevAle anumAnoM meM DUbe raheMge to Daga Daga para durghaTanA hotI rahegI / yaha saca hai ki sandigdha sthaloM para prAmANya ke lie hameM anumAna kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai, kintu yahA~ para anumAna kA kAma itanA hI hai ki jJAna ke mArga meM AnevAlI kaThinAiyoM ko vaha dUra kara de / inake dUra ho jAne para jJAna apane Apa meM sAmAnya sAdhanoM ( kAraNasAmagrI ) se utpanna hotA hai| jJAna utpanna hone para prAmANya kI tathA prAmANya meM vizvAsa kI utpatti bhI hotI hai /

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478 sarvadarzanasaMgraheApta vAkyoM meM bhI- cAhe pauruSeya ho yA apauruSeya, vaidika yA avaidika-hamArA vizvAsa aise hI utpanna hotA hai / jaba taka sandeha kA koI kAraNa na ho, kisI sArthaka vAkya ko sunakara hama usameM turanta vizvAsa kara lete haiM / isalie asandigdha veda bhI svataH pramANa hai / yaha apauruSeya hai| isakI prAmANikatA svayaMsiddha hai anumAna se nahIM / hA~, sandeha aura avizvAsa dUra karane ke lie takoM kI AvazyakatA to par3atI hai / sandeha aura avizvAsa dUra ho jAne para veda apane arthoM kI abhivyakti svayaM karate haiM tathA arthAvabodha ke sAtha-sAtha vizvAsa (prAmANya ) bhI calatA rahatA hai / isake lie mImAMsaka kA ekamAtra kartavya hai ki jina tarkoM ke AdhAra para vedoM kI prAmANikatA para kuThArAghAta karane kI sambhAvanA ho una saboM kA nivAraNa kare aura yahI kiyA bhI gayA hai / yadyapi satya (prAmANya ) svayaMsiddha hai arthAt jaba bhI jJAna utpanna hotA hai to isake sAtha-sAtha eka vizvAsa bhI lagA rahatA hai ki yaha satya hai, tathApi kabhI-kabhI sambhAvanA hotI hai ki koI dUsarA jJAna ise galata na siddha kara de yA isake sAdhanoM ko doSapUrNa na tthhraaye| aisI sthiti meM ina doSapUrNa sAdhanoM ke AdhAra para yaha siddha karane ke lie anumAna karate haiM ki yaha jJAna asatya ( aprAmANika ) hai / spaSTa hai ki jJAna kI aprAmANikatA ke lie hameM anumAna ( bAhya-sAdhana ) para avalambita rahanA par3atA hai| ise hI 'parataH aprAmANya' kahate haiN| phalataH jaba koI pratyakSa, anumAna yA koI dUsarA jJAna utpanna hotA hai to use hama apane Apa svIkAra kara lete haiM, tarka nahIM karate jaba taka ki kisI virodhI pramANa se usa para sandeha yA avizvAsa karane kI samasyA na A jAye aura hama anumAna se usakA aprAmANya na svIkAra kreN| isI rUpa meM hamArA kAma calatA hai / isa prakAra mImAMsaka ke mata kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| ( 11. ka. svataHprAmANya kA artha-lambI AzaMkA ) kiM ca kimidaM svataHprAmANyaM nAma ? kiM svata eva prAmANyasya janma? Ahosvit svAzrayajJAnajanyatvam ? kimuta svAzrayajJAnasAmagrIjanyatvam ? utAho jJAnasAmAnyasAmagrIjanyajJAnavizeSAzritatvam ? kiM vA jJAnasAmAnyasAmagrImAtrajanyajJAnavizeSAzritatvam ? [ pUrvapakSI kahate haiM ki acchA batalAiye- isa svataH prAmANya kA kyA artha hai ? kyA prAmANya apane Apa se utpanna hotA hai ? athavA apane AdhAra svarUpa jJAna se utpanna hotA hai ? kyA apane AdhArabhUta jJAna kI sAmagrI se utpanna hotA hai ? yA kyA jJAna ke sAdhAraNa kAraNoM ( sAmagrI ) se jo vizeSa jJAna utpanna hotA hai usameM rahatA hai ? yaha kevala jJAna ke sAdhAraNa kAraNoM ( sAmagrI mAtra ) se hI utpanna honevAle vizeSa jJAna meM rahatA hai ? [ inameM se kauna-sA artha Apa leMge-koI bhI ThIka nahIM hai?]

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jaimini-parzanam 479 tatrAyaH saavdhH| kAryakAraNabhAvasya bhedasamAnAdhikaraNatvena ekasminasambhavAt / nApi dvitIyaH / guNasya sato jJAnasya prAmANyaM prati samavAyikAraNatayA dravyatvApAtAt / (1) unameM pahalA vikalpa to doSapUrNa hai, kyoMki kArya aura kAraNa ke bIca meM bheda rahanA Avazyaka hai, donoM tattva eka hI meM nahIM raha sakate / [prAmANya hI kAraNa aura kArya donoM banakara apanI utpatti apane Apa se nahIM kara sktaa||] (2) dUsarA vikalpa bhI grAhya nahIM hai, kyoMki ( yadi jJAna se prAmANya utpanna hotA hai to ) jJAna ko prAmANya kA samavAyikAraNa mAnanA par3egA aura zAna ko-jo guNa hai, dravya mAnanA par3egA / [ guNa kisI kA samavAyikAraNa nahIM ho sakatA ataH prAmANya (kArya ) ke kAraNabhUta jJAna ko dravya mAnane kA prasaMga A jAyagA ! dekhiye-bhASApariccheda, 23 samavAyikAraNalvaM dravyasyeveti vizeyam / ] nApi tRtIyaH, prAmANyasyopAdhitve jAtitve vA janmAyogAt / smRtitvAnadhikaraNasya jJAnasya bAdhAtyantAbhAvaH prAmANyopAdhiH / na ca tasyotpattisambhavaH / atyantAbhAvasya nityatvAbhyupagamAt / ata eva na jAterapi jniyujyte| (3) tIsarA vikalpa bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki upAdhi ke rUpa meM leM yA jAti ke rUpa meM, prAmANya kA janma hotA hI nhiiN| [prAmANya kA artha hai, aneka prAmANika jJAnoM meM rahanevAlA eka dharma / aise dharma ko sAmAnya bhI kahate haiM / sAmAnya ke do bheda haiMjAti aura upAdhi / yadi prAmANya ko jAti meM lete haiM, to jAti nitya hotI hai, ataH prAmANya kI utpatti mAnanA sambhava nhiiN| aba yadi Apa kaheM ki pratyakSatva Adi ke sambandha hone se prAmANya jati nahIM hai, taba use upAdhi maaneN| upAdhi ke do bheda haiMsakhaNDa aura akhaNDa / yadi prAmANya akhaNDa upAdhi ke rUpa meM hai, to nitya hI hai| yadi vaha sakhaNDa upAdhi ke rUpa meM ho taba to dravyAdi padArthoM meM antarbhUta hokara kahIM nitya, kahIM anitya ho jAyagA / jaise pRthivItva Adi se mila jAne ke kAraNa zarIratva jAti nahIM hai, balki upAdhi hai| aisA hone se zarIra meM ceSTA kA Azraya honA hI zarIratva hai' arthAt ceSTA hI zarIratva hai / aba cUMki ceSTA eka prakAra kI kriyA hai, isalie zarIratva meM kriyArUpI upAdhi hone ke kAraNa anityatA kA AropaNa ho jaaygaa| isameM prAmANya yathArthAnubhavatva arthAt anubhava meM rahanevAlI yathArthatA hai| anubhava cUMki smRti se bhinna jJAna hai, isalie anubhava kI yathArthatA kA abhiprAya hogA-bAdhA ( Obstruction ) kA atyantAbhAva / kAraNa yaha hai ki bAdhita jJAna yathArtha nahIM hotA / ataH yahA~ upAdhi hai-anubhavAtmaka jJAna kI bAdhA kA atyantAbhAva / aba jaba upAdhi ko hI prAmANya samajhate haiM, taba to uparyukta bAdhAtyantAbhAva ko hI prAmANya mAnate hoMge / atyantAbhAva bhI nitya hI hotA

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480 sarvadarzanasaMgrahehai, isalie upAdhi ke rUpa meM bhI prAmANya ko lene para isakI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI / yahI Age kahate haiN|] ___ smRti ke svabhAva se jo pRthak ho, vese jJAna kI bAdhA kA atyantAbhAva hI prAmANya yA upAdhi hai ( yadi Apa prAmANya kI upAdhi mAnate haiM ) / usakI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki atyantAbhAva ko sabhI loga nitya mAnate haiN| isalie jAti [ ke rUpa meM bhI prAmANya ko svIkAra karane para usa ] kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI hai [kyoMki jAti bhI nitya hI hotI hai|] nApi cturthH| jJAnavizeSo hyprmaa| vizeSasAmagryAM ca sAmAnyasAmagrI anupravizati zizapAsAmagryAmiva vRksssaamgrii| aparathA tasyAkasmikatvaM prasajyeta / tasmAtparatastvena svIkRtAprAmANyaM vijnyaansaamaanysaamgriijnyaashritmitytivyaaptiraapdyet| (4) cauthA vikalpa bhI svIkArya nahIM hai| apramA ( ayathArtha anubhava ) bhI eka vizeSa prakAra kA jJAna hI hai| [ vastutaH sIpI rahane para bhI dUSita indriya ke kAraNa jo rajata kI pratIti ho jAtI hai, yaha bhI jJAna hI hai| yaha bhI jJAna kI sAmAnya sAmagrI ( indriya, prakAza Adi ) se hI utpanna hotA hai| ] jJAna kI sAmAnya sAmagrI ko usakI vizeSa sAmagrI ( sAdhanoM) meM antarbhukta kara liyA jAtA hai| jaise-vRkSa kI sAmagrI ( sAmAnya sAdhana ) ko ziMzapA kI sAmagrI meM hI gina lete haiN| [ vRkSa ke sAmAnya kAraNa haiM-miTTI, jala, havA, dhUpa, bIja Adi / eka vizeSa vRkSa zizapA hai, usameM anya kAraNoM ke sAtha vizeSa prakAra kA (ziMzapA kA ) bIja bhI kAraNa-sAmagrI meM AtA hai| yaha bhI eka prakAra kA bIja hI hai| yadi ise bIja na mAneM] to zizapA vRkSa kI utpatti binA bIja ke Akasmika rUpa se hotI hai, aisA svIkAra karanA pdd'egaa| [ phala yaha hogA ki ] ayathArtha jJAna bhI jJAna kI sAmAnya sAmagrI se utpanna eka vizeSa prakAra kA jJAna bana jAyagA, jaba ki Apa ( mImAMsaka loga ) ayathArtha jJAna arthAt aprAmANya ko parataH ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM, ataH ativyApti-doSa ho jaaygaa| [prAmANya lakSaNa aprAmANya ko bhI apane meM sameTa legaa| vizeSa-apramA eka jJAna-vizeSa hai| vizeSa kAraNoM meM sAmAnya kAraNoM kA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| sAmAnya kavi meM jo guNa haiM ve vizeSa kavi meM bhI hote hI haiM / ataH jJAna-vizeSa meM jJAna-sAmAnya A gyaa| cauthe vikalpa ke anusAra jJAna ke sAmAnya kAraNoM se nikale jJAna-vizeSa para prAmANya AdhArita rahatA hai| taba to apramA bhI prAmANya hI kI koTi meM A gayI, kyoMki yaha bhI jJAna ke sAmAnya kAraNoM se nikale jJAna-vizeSa para hI AdhArita hai, yaha siddha kiyA gayA hai / pAMcaveM vikalpa meM 'mAtra' zabda rakha dene se ukta doSa kA parihAra ho jAtA hai / ise Age kahate haiM /

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481 jaimini-darzanam pazcamavikalpaM vikalpayAmaH / kiM doSAbhAva sahakRta jJAnasAmagrIjanyatvameva jJAnasAmagrImAtrajanyatvaM kiM vA doSAbhAvA sahakRtajJAnasAmagrIjanyatvam ? nAdyaH / doSAbhAva sahakR tajJAnasAmagrIjanyatvameva parataH prAmANyavAdibhirurarIkaraNAt / ( 5 ) pAMcaveM vikalpa ke sambandha meM hameM pUchanA hai ki 'kevala jJAna ke kAraNoM se utpatti honA' isakA artha kyA hai - ( ka ) kyA doSAbhAva ke sAtha jJAna ke kAraNoM se utpanna honA yA ( kha ) doSAbhAva se rahita hokara jJAna ke kAraNoM se utpanna honA ? ( ka ) pahalA vikalpa to ThIka hI nahIM hai, kyoMki doSAbhAva se yukta jJAna ke kAraNoM se utpanna honA hI 'parataH prAmANya' hai, isalie prAmANya ko bAhya sAdhana se utpanna ( parata: ) mAnane vAle naiyAyikAdi ise turata svIkAra kara leMge / ] vizeSa -- cauthe vikalpa meM doSa ( ativyApti ) kA prasaMga dekhA gayA hai / ayathArtha jJAna jahA~ hotA hai, una sthAnoM meM sAmAnya kAraNoM kI apekSA doSarUpI kAraNa hI adhika hotA hai / isIlie 'mAtra' zabda kA prayoga karake vyAvRtti ( doSoM kI ) kI jAtI hai / usI prakAra yathArtha jJAna ke sthaloM meM sAmAnya sAmagrI kI apekSA doSAbhAvarUpI kAraNa hI adhika hai / ata: 'mAtra' zabda se usa doSAbhAva kI vyAvRtti ( Exclusion ) kareM yA nahIM ? pahale vikalpa meM doSAbhAva kI vyAvRtti nahIM karate, dUsare vikalpa meM vyAvRtti karate haiM / pahalA vikalpa isalie uThAyA gayA ki vyAvRtti karane se prAmANya ke lakSaNa kA koI udAharaNa hI nahIM diyA jA sakatA, isalie doSAbhAva ko haTAnA ThIka nahIM hai / dUsare vikalpa ke uThAne meM kAraNa hai ki yathArtha jJAna meM doSAbhAva kAraNa ke rUpa meM nahIM raha sakatA, use haTAne para bhI koI hAni nahIM hai / nApi dvitIyaH / doSAbhAva sahakRtatvena sAmagryAM sahakRtatve siddhe'nanyathAsiddhAvanvayavyatireka siddhatayA doSAbhAvasya kAraNatAyA vajralepAyamAnatvAt / abhAvaH kAraNameva na bhavatIti cettadA vaktavyamabhAvasya kAryatvamasti na vA ? yadi nAsti tadA ghaTapradhvaMsAnutpattyA ghaTasya nityatAprasaMga: / athAsti, kimaparAddhaM kAraNatveneti seyamubhayataspAzA rajjuH / ( kha ) dUsarA vikalpa bhI grAhya nahIM / [ doSAbhAva ko jJAna sAmagrI se haTAkara nahIM calA jA sakatA / ] kAraNa yaha hai ki doSAbhAva ke sAtha-sAtha hI jJAna sAmagrI ( jJAna ke kAraNoM - jaise indriya, prakAza Adi ) rahane para jJAna kI utpatti ho sakatI hai, usake binA nahIM ( doSAbhAva na rahane para = doSa rahane para jJAna sAmagrI se jJAna kI utpatti nahIM hotI ) - isa prakAra anvayavyatireka se hama [ jJAnotpatti ke lie ] kAraNa ke rUpa meM doSAbhAva ko vajjralepa ( sImeMTa ke palastara kI taraha dRr3hatA se ) svIkAra kareMge / aba yadi Apa kaheM ki hama abhAva ko kAraNa hI nahIM mAnate, aisA hotA hI nahIM to batalAiye ki abhAva kArya ho sakatA hai yA nahIM ? 31 sa0 saM0

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe yadi abhAva kArya nahIM ho sakatA to ghaTa ko nitya mAnanA par3egA, kyoMki ghaTa ke pradhvaMsa ( jo eka abhAva hI hai ) kI utpatti nahIM ho sakegI / yadi abhAva kArya ho sakatA hai to kAraNa ne ApakA kyA bigAr3A hai ki abhAva ko kAraNa nahIM hone dete haiM / isa prakAra donoM ora se bA~dhanevAlI rassI Apake Upara hai [ jo Apako pha~sA hI legI ] / taduditamudayanena 482 bhAvo yathA tathAbhAvaH kAraNaM kAryavanmataH / ( nyA0 ku0 1110 ) / iti / tathA ca prayogaH - vimataM prAmANyaM jJAnahetvatiriktahetvadhInaM, kAryatve sati tadvizeSAzritatvAdaprAmANyavat / prAmANyaM parato jJAyate anabhyAsadazAyAM sAMzayikatvAdaprAmANyavat / tasmAdutpattau jJaptau ca paratastve pramANasambhavAtsvataH siddhaM prAmANyamityetatpUtikUSmANDAyata iti cet -- | ise udayana ne bhI kahA hai - jisa prakAra bhAva kAraNa hotA hai usI prakAra abhAva bhI kArya kI taraha kAraNa bhI ho sakatA hai ( nyAyakusumAMjali, 1110 ) / [ abhAva ko svarUpahIna hone ke kAraNa samavAyi kAraNa mata samajhiye, kintu use nimitta kAraNa to mAna hI sakate haiM / isameM koI bhI bAdhA nahIM hai / isa prakAra ukta pA~ca prakAroM meM se kisI ke dvArA svataH prAmANya kI nirukti nahIM ho pAtI, ataH vivaza hokara hameM parataH prAmANya hI svIkAra karanA par3atA hai / anumAna bhI isake lie pramANa ho sakatA hai - ] isake lie tarka ( Argument ) isa rUpa meM ho sakatA hai - 'prastuta vivAdagrasta prAmANya jJAna ke sAmAnya kAraNoM ke atirikta kisI dUsare kAraNa ( doSAbhAva ) ke adhIna hai, kyoMki yaha kArya hone ke sAtha-sAtha jJAnavizeSa para Azrita hai, jaise aprAmANya / ' [ isa prakAra utpatti ke viSaya meM prAmANya ko parataH siddha karake aba ye naiyAyika jJapti ke viSaya meM bhI ise parataH siddha karane kA prayAsa kara rahe haiM - ] 'prAmANya ko bAhya sAdhana ( jaise - anumAna) se hI jAnate bhI haiM, kyoMki jisa vastu kA paricaya ( abhyAsa ) pahale se nahIM rahatA hai usake viSaya meM saMzaya utpanna hotA hai, jaise aprAmANya ke viSaya meM hotA hai / [ amANya ko to mImAMsaka bhI parata: hI mAnate haiM / jaise kisI ajJAta mArga para jAte-jAte koI vyakti jaba jala dekhatA hai taba socatA hai ki yaha jJAna pramA hai yA nahIMtAtparya yaha ki saMzaya meM par3a jAtA hai| jaba pAsa jAtA hai taba pahale se utpanna jala - jJAna ko taba pramA kahatA hai jaba usase saphala pravRtti utpanna hotI hai / yadi aisA nahIM huA to vaha pUrvajJAna apramA hai - isa prakAra anumAna se prAmANya kA jJAna hotA hai / yadi prAmANya jJAna ko sAmAnya rUpa se jJAta karAnevAle kAraNoM se hI jJAta ho jAtA to jJAnotpatti ke bAda hI Annara pratyakSa se jJAna mAlUma ho jAtA tathA usI meM rahanevAlA prAmANya bhI jJAta hI hA jAnA - saMzaya utpanna hone kA avakAza hI kahA~ thA ? ]

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mini-darzanam 483 pUrva pakSa kA niSkarSa-isalie utpatti aura jJapti donoM viSayoM meM parataHprAmANya ke hI lie pramANa sambhava haiM aura svataHsiddha prAmANya to mAnanA pake hue kumhar3e kI taraha vyartha ( asambhava ? ) hai| ( 12. svataHprAmANya kI siddhi-zaMkA-samAdhAna ) tadetadAkAzamuSTihananAyate / vijJAnasAmagrIjanyatve sati tadatiriktahetvajanyatvaM pramAyAH svatastvamiti niruktisambhavAt / asti cAtrAnumAnam-vimatA pramA vijJAnasAmagrIjanyatve sati tadatiriktajanyA na bhavati / apramAtvAnadhikaraNatvAt / ghaTAdipramAvat / . [ aba hama samAdhAna karate haiM-] uparyukta sAre-ke-sAre tarka AkAza meM ghusA calAne ke barAbara [ niSphala ] haiN| jo jJAna ke sAmAnya kAraNoM ( indriya, prakAza Adi ) se utpanna hone ke sAtha-sAtha, unake atirikta kisI bhI dUsare kAraNa se utpanna ho vahI svataHprAmANya hai--isa prakAra isakI nirukti ( Etymology ) dI jA sakatI hai| yahI nahIM, isameM anumAna bhI diyA jA sakatA hai-vivAdagrasta pramA jJAna ke sAdhAraNa kAraNoM se utpanna hone ke sAtha-sAtha unake atirikta kisI kAraNa se utpanna nahIM hotI kyoMki yaha apramA kI taraha kI cIja nahIM hai, jisa taraha ghaTa Adi pramAeM haiM / [ jJAna kI sAmAnya sAmagrI ( kAraNasamUha ) se hI pramA-rUpI jJAnavizeSa kI utpatti hotI hai, na ki usake atirikta kisI adhika guNa se yA doSabhAva se / doSa to pramA kA pratibandhaka hai-aisA hama mAnate haiN| ] na caudayanamanumAnaM paratastvasAdhakamiti zaGkanIyam / pramA doSavyatiriktajJAnahetvatiriktajanyA na bhavati jJAnatvAdapramAvaditi pratisAdhanagrahagrastatvAt / jJAnasAmagrImAtrAdeva pramotpattisambhave tadatiriktasya guNasya doSAbhAvasya vA kAraNatvakalpanAyAM kalpanAgauravaprasaGgAcca / nanu doSasyApramAhetutvena tadabhAvasya pramA prati hetutvaM dunivAramiti cenn| doSAbhAvasyApramApratibandhakatvenAnyathAsiddhatvAt / aisI zaMkA nahIM karanI cAhie ki udayanAcArya ke dvArA diyA gayA anumAna prAmANya ko parataH siddha kara degaa| unake anumAna ke viruddha siddhi karanevAlA ( Counter inference ) graha unake [ anumAna ke ] pIche lagA huA hai-'pramA ( yathArthAnubhava--yahI pakSa hai ) doSoM se pRthak rahanevAle jJAna ke sAmAnya kAraNoM ke alAve kisI kAraNa se utpanna nahIM hotI kyoMki vaha jJAna hai jisa prakAra aprmaa|' jaba kevala jJAna-sAmagrI ( jJAna ke sAmAnya kAraNoM ) se hI pramA kI utpatti ho sakatI hai to unake atirikta 1. isa prakAra udayana kA anumAna satpratipakSa hetu se yukta hai|

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe kisI guNa yA doSAbhAva ko kAraNa banAnA kalpanA - gaurava ( anAvazka kalpanA karanA ) nAmaka doSa kA bhAgI hogA / 484 aba yadi koI kahe ki doSa ko to Apa ( mImAMsaka ) apramA kA kAraNa mAnate haiM to doSa ke abhAva ko pramA kA kAraNa mAnanA anivArya hai - to hama kaheMge ki aisI bAta nahIM ho sakatI / doSAbhAva kevala apramA ke pratibandhaka ke rUpa meM hama mAnate haiM, isakI siddhi dUsare rUpa meM hotI hai / [ jaise ghaTa ke pUrva nizcita rUpa se rahane para bhI daNDatva yA rus ke rUpa ko hama kAraNa nahIM mAna sakate / kAraNa nahIM rahane para bhI usakI pUrvavRtti ( pahale rahane ) kA niyama to rahegA hI kyoMki ghaTa kA kAraNa daNDatva yA daNDarUpa bhale hI na ho, daNDa to hai / daNDa cUMki daNDatva aura daNDarUpa ke binA raha nahIM sakatA ataH inheM ghaTa ke pUrva nizcita rUpa se rahanA jarUrI hai / daNDatvAdi kI siddhi dUsare rUpa meM hotI hai ( anyathA - siddha ) yA inheM nahIM mAnane se ghaTa kI siddhi nahIM hogI ( anyathA + asiddha ) usI prakAra pramAjJAna ke pUrva meM niyamataH rahane para bhI doSAbhAva ko pramAjJAna kA kAraNa nahIM kaha sakate, para use pUrva meM rahanA jarUrI hai kyoMki doSa apramA kA kAraNa hai, doSa rahane para pramA kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI / isa prakAra jahA~ pramA kA jJAna hotA hai una sthaloM meM niyamataH pUrva meM rahanevAlA doSAbhAva itanA kAma kara detA hai ki apramA ke jJAna kA pratibandha ho jAye / pramA- jJAna ke utpAdana meM usakI koI upayogI kriyA nahIM hotI / isa taraha doSAbhAva pramAjJAna kA kAraNa nahIM, dUsare rUpa meM usakI siddhi hotI hai ( anyathA - siddha ) / ] 12 . tasmAd guNebhyo doSANAmabhAvastadabhAvataH / aprAmANyadvayAsattvaM tenotsargo'napoditaH // iti // [ yadi pramAjJAna ke lie guNoM ko kAraNa ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kareMge to guNoM ko mAnanA hI vyartha hai; isI ke uttara meM kahate haiM ] - isa prakAra guNoM se doSoM ke abhAva kA bodha hotA hai aura doSoM ke abhAva se ( saMzaya aura viparyaya na ho sakane ke kAraNa ) donoM prakAra ke aprAmANyoM (nizcita aprAmANya tathA sandigdha aprAmANya ) kI sattA nahIM rahatI / usake bAda ( aprAmANya ke abhAva meM ) sAmAnya ( utsarga ) prAmANya kA bahiSkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA [ kyoMki apavAda na rahane para utsarga kI hI zakti rahatI hai / ] * vizeSa - dUsarI pustakoM meM - 'tenotsargo nayoditaH ' pATha hai, jisakA artha hogA ki aprAmANya kA abhAva rahane se utsarga arthAt sAmAnya kA udaya svabhAvata: ( nayena ) hI ho jAyagA / isa prakAra utpatti-viSayaka prAmANya kA svataH siddha honA pramANita kiyA gayA / aba jJati ( jJAna ) ke viSaya meM bhI jo prAmANya hotA hai, usakI svataH siddhi pramANita kI jAtI hai /

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485 jaimini-darzanam ( 12 ka. zapti viSayaka svataH prAmANya kI siddhi ) tathA pramAjJaptirapi jJAnajJApakasAmagrIta eva jAyate / na ca saMzayAnudayaprasaGgo bAdhaka iti yuktaM vaktum / satyapi pratibhA sapuSkalakAraNe pratibandhakadoSAdisamavadhAnAttadupapatteH : / kiM ca tAvakamanumAnaM svataH pramANaM na vA ? Adye'kAntikatA / dvitIye tasyApi parataH prAmANyamevaM tasya tasyApItyanavasthA duravasthA syAt / isI taraha pramA kI jJapti ( prAmANya kA jJAna ) bhI jJAna ke bodhaka karaNa se hI utpanna hotI hai ( kisI bAhya anumAnAdi karaNoM se nahIM ) / aisA bhI kahanA yukti yukta nahIM hai ki saMzaya nAma kI koI cIja na rahane ke kAraNa aisI vicArasaraNi rakhane para bAdhA par3egI / saMzaya kI siddhi vahIM hotI hai jahA~ yadyapi jJAna ( pratibhAsa ) ko utpanna karanevAle sabhI kAraNa vidyamAna hoM, tathApi kucha pratibandhaka kAraNoM- jaise doSa Adi kI bhI sAthasAtha hI sattA rahe / acchA, aba yaha kaheM ki Apa kA ( udayana kA ) ukta anumAna apane Apa meM pramANa hai yA nahIM ? yadi svataH pramANa hai to [ Apake dvArA prAmANya ko parataH mAne jAne kA niyama ] vyabhicarita hogA ( ekAnta rUpa se pratiSThita nahIM hogA kyoMki Apa donoM ora prAmANya ko le caleMge ) / aba, yadi svataH pramANa nahIM mAnate haiM to usakI siddhi ke lie koI dUsarA pramANa denA hogA, phira usa anubhava kI siddhi ke lie bhI dUsarA prAmANya hogA - isa prakAra anavasthA hogI jisakA nivAraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / [ isa prakAra hameM svataH prAmANya hI siddha mAnanA par3egA / koI cIja dekhakara hama usakI prApti ke lie turanta daur3a par3ate haiM / yaha nahIM socane lagate ki anumAnAdi se prAmANya kA nizcaya kareM / yadi prAmANya ko parataH svIkAra kareMge to pravRtti meM zIghratA nahIM ho skegii| ] ( 13. prAmANya kA upayoga pravRtti meM nahIM hotA - udayana ) yadatra kusumAJjalA budayanena jhaTiti pracurapravRtteH prAmANyanizcayAdhInatvAbhAvamApAdayatA praNyagAdi - 'pravRtticchAmapekSate / tatprAcuryaM cecchAprAcaryam / icchA ceSTasAdhanatAjJAnam / tacceSTajAtIyatvaliGgAnubhavam / so'pIndriyArthasannikarSam / prAmANyagrahaNaM tu na kvacidupayujyate' iti / isa prasaMga meM nyAyakusumAMjali meM ( udayanAcArya ne, manuSyoM meM zIghra tathA pracura rUpa se utpanna honevAlI pravRtti ( kriyA ) ko, prAmANya - nizcaya ke adhIna na rahane kA pratipAdana karate samaya, kahA hai- ' pravRtti icchA kI apekSA rakhatI hai / yadi pracura rUpa meM pravRtti huI to samajheM ki vahA~ icchA hI pracura rUpa meM hai / icchA usa jJAna kI apekSA rakhatI hai jisase ki jJapta vastuoM kA bodha [ icchApUrti ke ] sAdhana ke rUpa meM hotA hai / yaha

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486 sarvadarzanasaMgrahejJAna bhI usa liMga ke anubhava kI apekSA karatA hai jisa (liMga ) ke dvArA, iSTa vastu prastuta vastu kI jAti kI hai, aisA bodha hotA hai / yaha anubhava bhI indriyoM aura vastuoM ke nikarSa para bhI nirbhara karatA hai / prAmANya kA grahaNa karane kI AvazyakatA to kahIM para hai hI nahIM / [ prAmANya-grahaNa karane se pravRtti utpanna nahIM hotii| ]' ( 13 ka. isakA khaNDana ) __ tadapi taskarasya purastAtkakSe suvarNamupetya sarvAGgodghATanamiva prati ti / yataH samIhitasAdhanatAjJAnameva pramANatayAvagamyamAnamicchAM janayatyatraiva sphuTa eva prAmANya grahaNasyopayogaH / kiM ca kvacidapi cennivicikatsA pravRttiH saMzayAdupapadyeta, tahi sarvatra tathAbhAvasambhavAt prAmANyanazcayo nirarthakaH syAt / jaise koI cora sAmane hI apanI kA~kha meM sonA curAye aura pUchane para samUcA zarIra [r3akara dikhalA de usI taraha ApakI ye bAteM bhI haiM, kyoMki iSTa vastu kA [ icchApUrti ] sAdhana ke rUpa meM bodha karAnevAlA jJAna pramANa-rUpa meM avagata hotA hai, vahI icchA ko panna karatA hai-yahIM para to trAmANya-grahaNa kI AvazyakatA spaSTa ho jAtI hai| isake tarikta, yadi kahIM bhI saMzaya se utpanna nizcita pravRtti kI siddhi ho gaI (= saMzaya se panna pravRtti kA eka bhI udAharaNa nizcita kara liyA gayA ), to sabhI sthAnoM para vaisA hone kI sambhAvanA hogI evaM prAmANya kA nizcaya karanA vyartha siddha hogaa| [ saMzaya kAraNa kahIM bhI pravRtti nahIM hogI kyoMki anizcita vastu meM sattA hI durlabha hai| ] tathoktam-anizcitasya sattvameva durlabhamiti / yadi sattvaM sulabha tadA prAmANya dattajalAJjalikaM bhavedityalamatiprapaJcaina / yasmAduktam13. tasmAtsadbodhakatvena prAptA buddheH pramANatA / __arthAnyathAtvahetUtthadoSajJAnAdapodyate // iti / vaisA hI kahA gayA hai--'anizcita vastu kI sattA hI durlabha hotI hai / ' yadi usako * AsAnI se pAyI jA sakatI taba to prAmANya nAma kI koI vastu hI saMsAra meM nahIM [prAmANya ko hI jalAMjali de dI jAya--svataH aura parataH kA prazna hI samApta ho ] / adhika vistAra karane se koI lAbha nahIM hai / cUMki kahA gayA hai'isalie sad vastu ke bodhaka ke rUpa meM jo buddhi kA prAmANya dekhA jAtA hai vaha usa jJAna se hI naSTa ho jAtA hai jisa doSa-jJAna kI utpatti vastu kI anyathA-pratIti se sIpI kI cA~dI ke rUpa meM pratIti ) se hotI hai / ' [prAmANya sadbastu kA bodha tA hai| kintu jaba vastu kI pratIti dUsare rUpa meM hotI hai taba ukta prAmANya kA di ho jAtA hai kyoMki aisI dazA meM aprAmANya ho jAtA hai / sAmAnya rUpa se prAmANya tIti hotI hai jaba ki apavAda ke rUpa meM aprAmANya atiA hai|]

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jaimini-darzanam ( 14. mImAMsA darzana kA upasaMhAra ) tasmAddharme svataH siddhapramANabhAve 'jyotiSTomena svargakAmo yajeta' ityAdividhyarthavAdamantranAmadheyAtmake vede 'yajeta' ityatra tapratyayaH prakRtyathaparaktAM bhAvanAmabhidhatte - iti siddhe vyutpattimabhyupagacchatAmabhihitAnvayavAdinAM bhaTTAcAryANAM siddhAntaH / yAgaviSayaM niyogamiti kArye vyutpattimanusaratAmanvitAbhidhAnavAdinAM prabhAkaragurUNAM siddhAnta iti sarvamavadAtam // iti zrImatsAyaNa mAdhavIye sarvadarzanasaMgrahe jaiminidarzanam // 487 prakRti ( / yaj dhAtu ) ke isalie dharma ke viSaya meM [ veda kA ] prAmANya apane Apa meM siddha hai / 'jyotiSToma ke dvArA svarga kI kAmanA karanevAlA vyakti yajJa kare' ityAdi vidhi, arthavAda, mantra tathA nAmadheya se lakSita vaidika vAkyoM meM 'yajeta' zabda meM vartamAna 'ta' ( vidhiliG ) pratyaya artha ( yAga ) se uparakta sambaddha ) bhAvanA kA bodha karAtA [ 'ta' pratyaya vidhi ke artha meM AtA hai / kumArila ke anusAra vidhi zAbdI bhAvanA hai, yadyapi Artho bhAvanA bhI 'ta' pratyaya se hI prakaTa hotI hai / 'yajeta' meM / yaj-dhAtu prakRti hai jisakA artha hai yAga | usa yAga ke viSaya meM jo pravRtti hotI hai, use hI ArthI bhAvanA kahate haiM / ukta arthabhAvanA rUpI phala ko denevAlI zAbdI bhAvanA hai arthAt zruti ke dvArA dI gaI preraNA hI zabdabhAvanA hai / ] isa prakAra siddha ( zabdoM ) meM vyutpatti ( arthabodha karAne kI zakti mAnanevAle prakAra abhihitAnvayavAdI bhaTTAcAryo ( kumArila ke matAnuyAyiyoM ) kA yaha siddhAnta hai / anvitA - bhidhAnavAdI prabhAkara-guru jo kArya [ meM lage hue vAkyoM meM anvita padoM ] meM vyutpatti ( arthabodhakA-zakti ) mAnate haiM, unakA siddhAnta hai ki [ yaha ta pratyaya pUre vAkya se sambaddha ] yAga viSayaka niyoga ( AjJA ) kA bodha karAtA hai| isa prakAra saba spaSTa huA / [ prabhAkara guru kA kahanA hai ki zakti kA grahaNa karAnevAle sAdhanoM meM vRddha-vyavahAra sarvottama hai / isa vRddha-vyavahAra se go-Adi zabdoM kA zaktigraha hotA hai kintu yaha kArya ( vAkya ) meM anvita go-Adi arthoM meM hI hotA hai / akele 'go' Adi zabdoM meM nahIM / unake anusAra pRthak padoM kA koI artha nahIM / 'gAmAnaya' vAkya meM Anayana-kriyA se anvita ( sambaddha ) gau ko dekhakara hI zaktigraha ( arthabodha ) hotA hai / ye vidhi ko zAbdI bhAvanA na mAnakara niyoga ( AjJA ) mAnate haiN| sabhI padoM kI zakti kArya meM anvita hone para hI hotI hai / yaha dazA to laukika vAkyoM kI huI / jo vAkya veda meM siddha haiM unameM kAza kahA~ se lAyeMge ? vivaza hokara lakSaNA kA sarvatra Azraya lenA par3egA / *

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe kumArila bhaTTa use nahIM maante| pahale to kArya meM anvita hone para hI zaktigraha hotA hai, zaktigraha hone para bhI kAryAMza kA tyAga hI kara denA par3atA hai / siddha vAkyoM meM sarvatra lakSaNA kA sahArA lenA kaThina bhI hai| aisI bAta bhI nahIM ki hameM vivaza hokara lakSaNA svIkAra karanI par3egI / jo loga lakSaNA ko khUba samajhate haiM ve bhI siddhavAkyoM meM lakSaNA ko apane mastiSka meM nahIM baiThA pAyeMge kyoMki lakSaNA ke jo mukhyArthabAdha Adi kAraNa haiM unakA anubhava nahIM ho sakegA / ataH prabhAkara kA mata svIkArya nahIM hai / zabdoM kA pahale artha laga jAtA hai taba AkAMkSA, yogyatA Adi ke bala se unakA anvaya hotA hai jisase vAkyArtha- bodha hotA hai / yaha kumArila kA abhihitAnvayavAda hai / prabhAkara ke anusAra vAkya meM zabdoM kA anvaya hone ke bAda unakA pRthak abhidhAna hotA hai - ise anvitAbhidhAnavAda kahate haiM / tadanusAra 'gau' kA artha gotva nahIM hai balki 'Anaya - nAnvita - gotva' ( arthAt Anayana-kriyA se sambaddha gotva ) hai - vastutaH 'gAmAnaya' vAkya ke sAtha yaha bAta hai / ] isa prakAra zrImAn sAyaNa - mAdhava ke sarvadarzanasaMgraha meM jaimini-darzana samApta huA / 458 vizeSa - prastuta sthAna meM veda ke cAra bhAgoM ke nAma liye gaye haiM- vidhi, arthavAda, mantra, nAmadheya / ajJAta vastu kA bodha karAnevAle vAkya ko vidhi kahate haiM, jaise- 'agnihotraM juhuyAtsvargakAmaH / ' yaha vAkya kisI bhI dUsare pramANa se aprApta homa kA vidhAna karatA hai jisa homa kA prayojana hai svarga prApti / vAkyArtha hogA ki agnihotra - homa se svarga kI bhAvanA kare / stuti yA nindA karanevAle vAkya ko arthavAda kahate haiM, jaise- 'vAyurve kSepiSThA devatA' ( tai0 sa0 2 / 1 / 1 ) / isa arthavAda se vAyudevatA kI stuti hotI hai| tathA - 'vAyavyaM zvetamAlabheta ' ( vahIM ) - - isa vidhi kI prazaMsA kI jAtI hai / 'so'rodIt yadarodIt tadrudrasya rudratvam' ( tai0 saM0 11511 ) - yaha arthavAda rodana se rajata kI utpatti kA bodha karAtA hai aura sAtha-sAtha 'barhiSi rajataM na deyam' isa niSedha kA samarthana karAte hue rajata kI nindA karatA hai / prayoga se samaveta vastuoM kA bodha karAnevAlA vedabhAga mantra hai / jaise--' syonaM te sadanaM kRNomi' ( tai0 brA0 3 / 6 ) / puroDAza kA Asana ( rakhane kA sthAna ) sukhada banAne kA artha hai jisakI abhivyakti karate hue yajJAdi karmoM meM isakA upayoga batalAyA gayA hai / artha kA smaraNa mantroM se hI kiyA jAtA hai ataH mantroM kA saMkalana nirarthaka nahIM hai / yajJavizeSa ke nAmoM ko nAmadheya kahate haiM, jaise- 'udbhidA yajeta' meM udbhida eka yAga kA nAma hai / iti bAlakavinomAzaGkareNa racitAyAM sarvadarzanasaMgrahasya prakAzAkhyAyAM vyAkhyAyAM jaimini darzanamavasitam //

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pANini-darzanam sphoTAtmakaM praNavavakRtirUpameta tattvaM samAdizati yacca jagadvivartam / zabdArthabandhamakhilaM kila yadvidhatte / vande tadeva pathi pANinizabdazAstram ||-RssiH ( 1. prakRti-pratyaya kA vibhAjana ) nanvayaM prakRtibhAgo'yaM pratyayabhAga iti prakRtipratyayavibhAgaH kathamavagamyata iti cet-pItapAtaJjalajalAnAmetaccodhe camatkAraM na karoti / vyAkaraNazAstrasya prakRtipratyayevibhAgapratipAdanaparatAyAH prasiddhatvAt / 'itanA khaNDa prakRti hai aura itanA khaNDa pratyaya'- isa prakAra prakRti aura pratyaya kA vibhAga kaise jAnA jAya ? [ hama uttara deMge ki ] jina logoM ne pataMjali ke [ mahAbhASyarUpI ] jala kA pAna kara liyA hai unheM yaha prazna Azcarya meM nahIM ddaaltaa| yaha prasiddha hai ki vyAkaraNazAstra prakRti aura pratyaya ke vibhAga kA hI varNana karatA hai| vizeSa-kisI zabda kA khaNDa do bhAgoM meM kiyA jAtA hai--prakRti aura pratyaya / vyAkaraNa kA Arambha prakRti-pratyaya-vibhAga ke lie hI huA thA jaisA ki Adi vaiyAkaraNa indra ke viSaya meM kathA hai ( te0 saM0 6 / 4 / 7 / 3 ) / pahale vANI avyAkRta arthAt samudrAdi kI avyakta dhvaniyoM kI taraha ekAtmaka thii| prakRti-pratyaya, pada-vAkya Adi ke vibhAga usameM nahIM the| indra ne devatAoM kI prArthanA para isa vANI ko vyAkRti-yukta kiyA, Tukar3oM meM bA~Ta diyA / isa taraha 'vyAkaraNa' zabda se hI zabda-vyutpAdana yA prakRti-pratyayavibhAga kA artha samajhA jAtA hai| ( vyAkriyante = vyutpAdyante = prakRtipratyayAdivibhAgAH kalpyante'neneti vyAkaraNam / ) jisa khaNDa ke bAda pratyaya lagAye jAne kA vidhAna kiyA jAya use prakRtikhaNDa kahate haiM, jaise--'rAmaH' meM rAma-zabda prakRti hai, visarga ( yA 'su'-pANini ke anusAra ) pratyaya hai / 'rAma' prAtipadika meM bhI ram-dhAtu prakRti hai, 'a' pratyaya / 'gamana' meM gam prakRti 'ana' pratyaya / yahA~ 'pItapAtaJjalajala' meM rUpaka rakhA gayA hai / pataMjali ke likhe hue mahAbhASya ko samudra mAnakara usake jala kA pAna karanevAle = mahAbhASya kA samyak adhyayana karanevAle vyaktiyoM ( vaiyAkaraNoM) kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai|

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420 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ( 2. 'atha zabdAnuzAsanam' kA artha ) tathA hi pataJjalebhagavato mahAbhASyakArasyedamAdimaM vAkyam-'atha zabdAnuzAsanam' ( pAta0 ma0 bhA0 1 / 1 / 1 ) iti / asyArthaH-athetyayam zabdo'dhikArArthaH pryujyte| adhikAraH prstaavH| prArambha iti yAvat / zabdAnuzAsanazabdena ca pANinipraNItaM vyAkaraNazAstraM vivakSyate / zabdAnuzAsanamityetAvatyabhidhIyamAne sandehaH syAt / ki zabdAnuzAsanaM prastUyate na beti / tathA mA prasAGkSIdityathazabdaM prAyukta / mahAbhASya ke racayitA bhagavAn pataMjali kA yaha pahalA vAkya hai-athazabdAnuzAsanam arthAt aba ( yahA~ se ) zabdoM kA anuzAsana ( Exposition ) Arambha hotA hai ( pA0 ma0 bhA0 1 / 1 / 1 ) / ' isakA artha isa prakAra hai-'atha' zabda adhikAra ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai / adhikAra kA artha hai prastuta karanA yA Arambha krnaa| 'zabdAnuzAsana' zabda se pANini ke dvArA likhA huA vyAkaraNa zAstra samajhA jAtA hai / yadi kevala 'zabdAnuzAsanam' itanA hI kahate to sandeha raha hI jAtA ki zabdAnuzAsana prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai yA nahIM ? aisA ( aise sandeha kA ) prasaMga na uThe isalie 'atha' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| vizeSa-apane prathama vAkya ko vyAkhyA bhASyakAra svayaM kara rahe haiN| aisA na soceM ki vyAkhyA na karane ke kAraNa vaha vAkya kisI dUsare kA likhA huA hai| kaiyaTa bhI likhate haiM-svavAkyaM vyAkhyAtuM tadavayavamathazabdaM tAvad vyAcaSTe / 'atha' zabda kA prayoga yadi na kareM to kevala 'zabdAnuzAsanam' kahanA pdd'egaa| aisI dazA meM vAkya kI pUrti karane ke lie anvaya ke yogya kriyA-pada kA adhyAhAra karanA pdd'egaa| aba kauna-sI kriyA Ave ? 'prastUyate' yA 'stUyate' yA kyA ? aba zabda kA prayoga hote hI yaha sahala ho jAtA hai / atha kA artha hai prArambha / basa, prastuyate' kriyA kA adhyAhAra kara leMge / anya kriyAoM kA adhyAhAra karane se 'atha' ke sAtha saMgati nahIM baitthtii| atha zabdaprayogabalenArthAntaravyudAsena prastUyata ityasyAbhidhIyamAnatvAt / anena hi vaidikAH zabdAH 'zaM no devIrabhiSTaye ( atharva saM0 111, R0 saM0 10 / 9 / 4 ) ityAdayastadupakAriNo laukikAH zabdAH 'gaurazvaH puruSo hastI zakuniH' ityAdayazcAnuziSyante, vyutpAdya saMskriyante prakRtipratyayavibhAgavattayA bodhyanta iti zabdAnuzAsanam / 1. bhASya kA lakSaNa sUtrArtho varNyate yatra vAkyaH sUtrAnusAribhiH / svapadAni ca varNyanne bhASyaM bhASyavido viduH //

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pANini-darzanam 'atha' zabda kA prayoga karane se dUsare arthoM ( jaise - stuti karanA, varNana karanA Adi ) kA nirAkaraNa karake 'prastuta kiyA jAtA hai' aisA artha rakhate haiM / [ yahI kAraNa hai ki 'atha' zabda prArambha meM diyA gayA hai / ] isa prakAra 'zaM no devIrabhiSTaye' ( divya jala hamArA kalyANa kareM aura icchApUrti meM sahAyaka hoM, atharva 1 / 1 R. saM. 101914 ) ityAdi vaidika zabdoM kA aura [ arthaprakAzana ke mAdhyama se unakI sahAyatA karanevAle 'gau, azva, puruSa, zakuni' Adi laukika zabdoM kA anuzAsana hotA hai, vyutpatti ke dvArA usakA saMskAra hotA hai, ye prakRti aura pratyakSa ke rUpa meM bAMTa kara samajhe jAte haiM - yahI zabdAnuzAsana hai / [ vaidika zabdoM kA arthabodha bhI laukika zabdoM kI taraha hI hotA hai / vahA~ bhI pada kI zakti mAnI jAtI hai - jisa zabda kI zakti ( sa ' mardhya, Denotation ) kA jJAna laukika bhASA meM ho gayA, usakA jJAna veda meM bhI ho jaaygaa| loka meM zabdazakti - bodha karAne ke kaI upAya haiM, jaise - vRddhavyavahAra, vyAkaraNa, koza Adi / ina zaktigrAhaka pramANoM ke dvArA koI vyakti loka meM zabdazakti kA bodha kara letA hai taba veda meM bhI aisA zabdabodha ho jAtA hai / ( lokAvagata sAmarthyaH zabdo vede'pi bodhaka: ) / ataH laukika zabdazakti kI AdhArazilA para vaidika zabdazakti avalambita hai / mImAMsaka bhI veda meM artha mAnane ke lie laukika vAkyoM kI yukti dete haiM / ] ( 2 ka. 'zabdAnuzAsana' para vicAra-vimarza ) 491 atra kecitparyanuyuJjate - anuzAsi kriyAyAH sakarmakatvAtkarmabhUtasya zabdasya kartRbhUtasyAcAryasya prAptau satyAm 'ubhaya- prAptau karmaNi' (pA0 sU 2 / 3 / 66 ) ityanuzAsanabalAt karmaNyeSA SaSThI vidhAtavyA / tathA ca 'karmaNi ca ' ( pA0 sU0 2 / 2 / 14 ) iti samAsapratiSedhasambhavA cchandAnuzAsanazabdo na pramANapathamavataratIti / yahA~ para kucha loga prazna karate haiM ki anuzAsana kriyA sakarmaka hai, prastuta zabda ( zabdAnuzAsana ) meM usakA karma 'zabda' hai aura kartA 'AcArya' ( jo aprayukta hai ) hai / donoM zabdoM meM [ 'kartRkarmaNoH kRti' ( pA0 sU0 2 / 3 / 65 ) se anusAra ] SaSThI hone kI sambhAvanA ho jAne para 'ubhayaprAptI karmaNi' ( pA0 sU0 2 / 3 / 66 ) ke anusAra yahA~ para karma meM hI SaSThI vidita honI cAhie / [ isalie zabdAnAmanuzAsanam = zabdAnuzAsanam, yaha SaSThI tatpuruSa samAsa hogA / ] kintu 'karmaNi ca ' ( pA0 sU0 2 / 2 / 14 ) ke anusAra karma meM SaSThI hone para samAsa nahIM hotA, ataH zabdAnuzAsana-zabda kisI bhI dazA meM prAmANika nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / vizeSa - 'anuzAsana' zabda anu-pUrvaka / zAsa meM lyuT pratyaya karake banatA hai / lyuT kRt pratyaya hai, kyoMki dhAtu se vihita, atiG hai ( dekhiye -- kRdatiG 3 / 1 / 90 | kisI dhAtu meM kRtu pratyaya hone para : usa kriyA ke kartA aura karma meM SaSThI hotI hai / yadi kisI

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe sthAna para donoM pahu~ca jAyeM, to karma kA palar3A bhArI rahatA hai / anuzAsana kA karma 'zabda' hai, ataH SaSThI to hogI, para 'karmaNi ca ' sUtra pahale se hI samAsa na hone dene ke lie taiyAra hai / 'zabdAnuzAsana' yaha samasta ( Compound ) pada nahIM hogA; hA~ ' zabdoM kA anuzAsana' aisA vyasta vAkya ho sakatA hai / kevala samAsa nahIM hogA, SaSThI hone se kauna rokatA hai ? yaha zaMkA 'zabdAnuzAsana' kA zabda ke sAdhutva para hI uThAI gaI hai / atrAyaM samAdhirabhidhIyate - yasminkRtpratyaye kartRkarmaNorubhayoH prAptirasti, tatra karmaNyeva SaSThIvibhaktirbhavati na kartarIti bahuvrIhivijJAnabalAnniyamyate / tad yathA - Azcaryo gavAM doho'zikSitena gopAlakeneti / zabdAnuzAsanamityatra tu zabdAnAmanuzAsanaM nArthAnAmityetAvato vivakSitasyArthasyAcAryasya kartarupAdAnena vinApi supratipAdatvAdAcAryopAdAnamakiMcitkaram / 492 aba isakA samAdhAna batalAte haiN| sUtra ko bahuvrIhi samAsa meM tor3ane para ( ubhayoH prAptiH yasminkRtpratyaye saH ubhayaprAptiH ) yaha artha nikalatA hai ki jaba kRta pratyaya ke hone para [ kriyA ke ] kartA aura karma donoM kA prayoga ho, vahA~ karma meM hI SaSThI hotI hai, kartA meM nahIM - yaha niyama ( Restriction ) huA / jaise - Azcaryo gavAM dohaH azikSitena gopAlakena ( mUrkha yA anAr3I gvAle ke dvArA gauoM kA duhA jAnA Azcaryajanaka hai ) / [ 'ubhayaprAptI karmaNi' sUtra meM Upara ke 'kartRkarmaNoH kRti' se 'kRti' zabda kA anuvartana hotA hai tathA 'ubhayaprAptI kRti' aisA karake donoM meM vizeSya-vizeSaNa -bhAva mAnA jAtA hai | artha yaha huA ki jina kRt-pratyayoM ke prayoga meM kartA aura karma donoM A rahe hoM vesI avasthA meM 'kartRkarmaNoH kRti' se kartA meM honevAlI SaSThI na hokara kevala karma meM hI ho -- jaba kevala kartA kA prayoga ho taba usameM SaSThI hogI / 'dohaH' zabda duha + ghaJ karake banA hai, duha kA kartA hai ' gopAlaka' aura karma hai 'go' / donoM kA prayoga eka hI sAtha huA hai, ataH kartA meM SaSThI na hokara karma 'go' ko SaSThI huI - gavAM dohaH / yaha sUtra kA artha hai / ] 'zabdAnuzAsana' zabda meM to 'zabdoM kA anuzAsana, arthoM kA nahIM' itanI hI bAta kahane kI hai, jo kartA 'AcArya' ko binA lAye bhI acchI taraha spaSTa ho jAtI hai, ata: 'AcArya' zabda kA lAyA jAnA koI vizeSa prayojana nahIM rakhatA / tasmAdubhayaprApterabhAvAdubhayaprAptau karmaNItyeSA SaSThI na bhavati / kintu 'kartRkarmaNoH kRti' ( pA0 sU0 2 / 3 / 65 ) iti kRdyoge kartari karmaNi ca SaSThI vibhaktirbhavatIti kRdyogalakSaNA SaSThI bhaviSyati / tathA ca idhmapravrazcana - palAzazA tanAdivatsamAso bhaviSyati / isalie donoM ( kartA aura karma kA ) prayoga na hone se isa sthAna para 'ubhayaprAptI karmaNi' ( 2/3/66 ) se SaSThI nahIM hotI [ 'karmaNi ca ' ( 2 / 2 / 14 ) ke dvArA jo karma

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pANini-darzanam meM SaSThI kA samAsa-niSedha kiyA gayA hai, vaha 'ubhayaprAptI karmaNi' sUtra se hone vAlI SaSThI kA hI hai / kAzikA - ' ubhayaprAptI karmaNi' iti SaSThyA idaM grahaNam ( pR0 101 ) / kisI anya sUtra se yadi karma meM SaSThI ho to usakA samAsa- niSedha nahIM hotA / ] kintu yahA~ para 'kartRkarmaNoH kRti' ( pA0 sU0 2 / 3 / 65 ) sUtra se kRdanta ke yoga meM kartA aura karma meM ( eka bAra meM eka ke hI prayoga meM ) SaSThI vibhakti hotI hai, ataH kRt pratyaya ke prayoga se sambaddha SaSThI yahA~ hogI / [ phala yaha nikalA ki 'ubhayaprAptau karmaNi' se SaSThI nahIM huI hai ki samAsa na ho; yahA~ to 'kartRkarmaNoH kRti' se SaSThI huI hai, ataH samAsa hone meM koI bAdhA nahIM / ] ataH 'idhmapravrazcana' ( lakar3I kA cIranA ), 'palAza - zAtana' ( palAza kA kATanA ) Adi zabdoM kI taraha samAsa hogA / [ idhmasya pravrazcanaH = idhmapravrazcanaH / 'ighma' meM karmaNi SaSThI hai, parantu 'kartRkarmaNoH kRti' se huI hai, ata: samAsa huA / usI prakAra 'zabdAnAmanuzAsanam = zabdAnuzAsanam' bhI hogA / ' SaSThI' ( pA0 sU0 2 / 218 ) para vArtika bhI hai-- kRdyoga SaThI samasyata iti vAcyam arthAt 'kartRkarmaNoH kRti' sUtra se honevAlI SaSThI vibhakti se yukta zabda kA samAsa dUsare samartha subanta ke sAtha ho sakatA hai / kartaryyapi SaSThI bhavatIti kecit bruvate / ata evoktaM kAzikAvRttau ( 2 / 3 / 66, pR0 122 ) - kecidavizeSeNaiva vibhASAmicchanti, zabdAnAmanuzAmanamAcAryeNAcAryasya veti / 493 1 athavA zeSalakSaNeyaM SaSThI / tatra kimapi codyaM nAvarataratyeva / yadyevaM tahi zeSalakSaNAyAH SaSThyAH sarvatra suvacatvAt SaSThIsamAsapratiSedhasUtrANAmAnarthakyaM prApnuyAditi cet -- satyam / teSAM svaracintAyAmupayogo vAkyapadIye hariNA prAdazi / kucha loga kahate haiM ki kartA meM bhI SaSThI hotI hai / isalie kAzikA - vRtti meM kahA - kucha AcArya binA kisI bheda-bhAva ke yahA~ para vikalpa cAhate haiM jaise - zabdAnAmanuzAsanam AcAryeNa, AcAryasya vA / [ 'ubhayaprAptau karmaNi' sUtra para eka vArtika hai ki yaha niyama ( karma meM hI SaSThI hone kA niyama ) do pratyayoM - aka ( ikA ) aura a ( A ) -- ke bAda strI pratyaya lagane para lAgU nahIM ho sakatA / jaise- bhedikA devadattasya kASThAnAm / yahA~ / bhad + Nvul ( aka ) + TAp hone para 'bhedikA' zabda banA hai; devadattakartA hai, kASTha karma / donoM meM SaSThI ho gaI hai / isI prakAra, 'cikIrSA devadattasya kASThasya' isa udAharaNa meM / kR + san + a + TApa se 'cikIrSA' banA aura usake kartA, karma donoM meM SaSThI huI hai / strIliGga ke anya pratyayoM ke sAtha SaSThI honA ( kartari SaSThI honA ) vaikalpika hai - vicitrA sUtrasya kRtiH pANineH pANininA vA / aba isake bAda kahA gayA hai ki kucha loga binA bheda-bhAva kiye hue ( strIliMga Adi kA vicAra kiye hI

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494 sarvadarzanasaMgrahebinA ) vaikalpika 'kartari SaSThI' mAnate haiN| udAharaNa Upara diyA hI hai --zabdAnuzAsanam ! isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki 'ubhayaprAptI karmaNi' kA niyama asaphala ho gayA aura isIlie 'karmaNi ca' sUtra samAsa kA niSedha nahIM kara sktaa| ] ____ yA aisA kareM ki yahA~ 'zeSe ( = SaSThI zeSe 2 / 3 / 50 )' sUtra se SaSThI mAna [ aura samAsa-kArya kareM ] / aisA karane para koI prazna khar3A nahIM ho sakegA / aba kucha loga zaMkA kara sakate haiM ki yadi aisA kareMge to sabhI sthAnoM meM 'zeSe' sUtra se honevAlI SaSThI hI AsAnI se kaha dI jAyagI aura SaSThI samAsa kA niSedha karanevAle sUtra ( pA0 sU0 2 / 2 / 10 se 2 / 2 / 16 taka ) nirarthaka ho jAyeMge / ThIka kahate haiM kintu aisI bAta nhiiN| bhartRhari ne apane vAkyapadIya meM dikhalAyA hai ki ina sUtroM kA upayoga svara ( Accent ) kA vicAra karane ke samaya hotA hai| vizeSa--sva aura svAmI kA sambandha yA aisA hI dUsarA sambandha anya kArakoM meM nahIM A sakA hai isalie vaisI sthiti meM avaziSTa sambandhoM kA nirdeza 'zeSa' ke dvArA hotA hai aura usameM SaSThI hotI hai| jaise-rAjJaH puruSaH / pazoH pAdaH / vAstava meM karma Adi kArakoM meM bhI karmatva Adi nahIM ho tabhI zeSa-SaSThI hotI hai, jaise-grAmasya gacchati / ise hI zAstrIya-zabda meM zeSalakSaNA SaSThI kahate haiM / yahA~ karma kI vivakSA hI nahIM hai ataH 'ubhayaprAptau' vAlA niyama lagegA hI nahIM ki samAsa kA niSedha ho / lekina hara jagaha 'zeSa' kA prayoga karane se bar3I arAjakatA chA jaaygii| sabhI zabda samAsa ke lie 'zeSe' ke adhikAra meM Ane lageMge tathA samAsa-niSedhaka sUtroM kI pUcha hI nahIM hogii| 'gavAM dohaH' meM karmatva ko vivakSA nahIM hai / aisA kahakara 'zeSe SaSThI' mAnate hue 'godohaH' samAsa banA deMge taba samAsa ke niSedha kA lAbha hI kyA huA ? nahIM, niSedha-sUtroM kI AvazyakatA hai aura vaha hai svara-vicAra meN| 'godohaH' zabda meM yadi SaSThI zeSe' mAnakara samAsa kara deM to 'samAsasya' ( pA0 sU0 6 / 1 / 223 ) sUtra ke anasAra yaha pada antodAtta ho jAyagA aura yahI hotA bhI hai| ukta satra kA apavAda sUtra 'gatikArakopapadAtkRt' ( 6 / 2 / 139 ) pravRtta nahIM hotA hai kyoMki isakA pUrvapada 'go' na to gati-saMjJaka hai aura na kAraka hii| smaraNIya hai 'go' yadyapi karmakAraka hai parantu karmatva avivakSita ( anIpsita ) hone se usameM kArakatA rahI hI nhiiN| dUsare zabdoM meM, 'SaSThI zeSe' se honevAlI SaSThI meM kAraNa nahIM rhtaa| sUtra kA artha hai gati, kAraka yA upapada yadi pUrvapada meM ho to uttara-pada ke kRdanta zabda meM prakRtisvara hotA hai| samAsa kA niSedha na kare to 'go' zabda meM 'karmaNi SaSThI' hone para bhI 'doha' zabda ke sAtha isakA samAsa ho jAyaga / taba pUrvapada 'go' kAraka ho jAyagA / (:: karmaNi SaSThI huI hai ) / isa dazA meM uttara-pada 'dohaH' ghaJ pratyaya se banA hai ataH 'nityAdinityam' (pA0 sU0 6 / 1 / 197 ) ke anusAra yaha zabda AdhudAtta hogaa| to samAsa meM-godorhaH aisA ho

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pANini-darzanam 495 jAyamA jo madhyodAtta-pada hai / lekina aisA hotA nahIM / hotA hai Upara jaisA hI-godohaH / yahI kAraNa hai ki samAsa kA niSedha karate haiM / tadAha mahopAdhyAyavardhamAnaH1. laukikavyavahAreSu yatheSTaM ceSTatAm janaH / vaidikeSu tu mArgeSu vizeSoktiH pravartatAm // 2. iti pANinisUtrANAmarthavattvamasau yataH / _____janikarturiti brUte tatprayojaka ityapi // iti / tathA ca zabdAnuzAsanAparanAmadheyam vyAkaraNazAstramArabdhaM veditavyamiti vAkyArthaH smpdyte| ise mahopAdhyAya vardhamAna kahate haiM-laukika vyavahAra ke samaya to loga apanI icchA se hI kAma kareM (kyoMki laukika vAkyoM meM svara kA vicAra nahIM hotA ) / kintu vaidika zabdoM ke prayoga meM vizeSa vidhi ke anusAra caleM // 1 // pANini ke sUtroM kI sArthakatA yahI hai nahIM to ve 'janikartuH' (1 / 4 / 30 ) aura 'tatprayojaka' (1 / 4 / 55 ) jaise [ samAsa na honevAle samasta padoM kA ] prayoga karate haiM // 2 // to, isa taraha 'zabdAnuzAsana' zabda se bhI abhihita vyAkaraNa-zAstra kA Arambha samajheM, yaha vAkyArtha nikalA / vizeSa--pANini kI bahuta-sI uktiyA~ kevala svara-vicAra ke uddezya se kI gaI haiM, loka meM unakA koI kAma nhiiN| jaise samAsa-niSedhaka sUtra, vibhinna anubandha Adi / yahI pANini kI vizeSokti hai-inakA loka meM kAma nahIM, para veda meM to hotA hai| ataH pANini ke sUtra niSphala nahIM haiM / pANini svayaM likhate haiM tRjakAbhyAM kartari ( 2 / 2 / 15 ) arthAt jo SaSThI kartA meM hotI hai usakA samAsa tRc pratyayAnta yA akapratyayAnta zabda ke sAtha nahIM hotA / jaise-bhavataH zAyikA, AsikA, ( ApakI zayyA, Asana ) / kintu ve svayaM isa niyama kA ullaMghana karate haiM aura janikartuH ( = janikartR ), tatprayojaka: jaise zabdoM kA prayoga karate haiM / isase patA lagatA hai ki samAsa ke niSedhaka satroM kA yaha prayojana nahIM hai ki aise sthAnoM meM samasta padoM ko azaddha ghoSita kareM. pratyuta ve vizeSa svara kI siddhi meM hI sahAyaka hote haiN| pANini kA yahI lakSya mAlUma par3atA hai| 3. zabdAnuzAsana se prayojana kI siddhi ) tasyArthasya jhaTiti pratipattaye 'atha vyAkaraNam' ityevAbhidhIyatAm / atha zabdAnuzAsanamityadhikAkSaraM mudhAbhidhIyata iti / maivam / zabdAnuzAsanamityanvarthasamAkhyopAdAne tdiiyvedaanggtvprtipaadkpryojnaanvaakhyaansiddhH| anyathA prayojanAnabhidhAne vyAkaraNAdhyayane'dhyetRNAM pravRttireva na prasajet /

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496 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe usI artha kA zIghratara bodha karane ke lie 'atha vyAkaraNam' hI kahanA cAhie / 'atha zabdAnuzAsanam' kahakara akSaroM kI saMkhyA meM vyartha kI vRddhi karate haiM / lekina aisA nahIM socanA cAhie / zabdAnuzAsana nAma ( samAkhyA ) artha ke anukUla hI rakhA gayA hai| yaha zAstra ( vaidika zabdoM kA artha batalAne ke kAraNa ] vedAGga hai, isakA pratipAdaka karanevAle prayojana ( lakSya ) kA bhI kathana sAtha-hI-sAtha ho jAtA hai / [ zabdAnuzAsana kahane se na kevala vyAkaraNa-zAstra ko pratIti hotI hai pratyuta vyAkaraNa ke prayojana-zabdoM ke saMskAra-kA bhI bodha ho jAtA hai / vyAkaraNa kahane se itanA bodha nahIM hotA / kevala zAstra kA hI pratIti hotii| ] yadi prayojana kA kathana nahIM kiyA jAya to vyAkaraNa ke adhyayana kI ora adhyetAoM kI pravRtti hI nahIM hogii| nanu 'niSkAraNo dharmaH SaDaGgo vedo'dhyetavyaH' ityadhyetavyavidhAnAdeva pravRttiH setsyati iti cet-maivam / tathA vidhAne'pi tadIyavedAGgatvapratipAdakaprayojanAnabhidhAne teSAM prvRtternupptteH| tathA hi-purA kila vedamadhotyAdhyetArastvaritaM vaktAro bhavanti / aba yadi aisA kaheM ki '[ brAhmaNa ko ] binA kisI svArtha ke ( sAkSAt phala kI AzA kiye binA hI, nityarUpa se ) dharma kA tathA SaDaGga veda kA adhyayana karanA cAhie'- isa vidhi meM jo 'adhyetavya' zabda hai usI ke dvArA adhyayana kI pravRtti hogI, to hama uttaraH deMge ki aisI bAta nahIM hai| aisA vidhAna hone para bhI usa (zAstra) kA eka prayojana jo vedAGga honA hai, use batalAye binA unako pravRtti nahIM ho sktii| udAharaNa ke lie [ aisI bAteM unheM kahanI cAhie ki ] pahale veda kA adhyayana karake loga zIghra vaktA bana jAte the| [ yaha vAkya vedAdhyayana kI vidhi kA arthavAda vijJApana hai jisase loga usa ora pravRtta hoM / vaise hI vyAkaraNa meM isa taraha kA vijJApana rahanA cAhie / 'zabdAnuzAsana' zabda meM vaha AkarSaNa-zakti hai ! ataH yahI zabda upayukta hai|] vedAnno vaidikAH zabdAH siddhA lokAcca laukikaaH| tasmAdanarthakaM vyAkaraNamiti / tasmAdvedAGgatvaM manyamAnAstadadhyayane pravRttimakArSuH / tatazca idAnIMtanAnAmapi tatra pravRttirna sidhyet / sA mA prasAGkSIditi tadIyavedAGgatvapratipAdakaM prayojanamanvAkhyeyameva / 'vedoM se vaidika zabda siddha hue aura laukika vyavahAra se laukika zabda'-isalie vyAkaraNa ko vyartha samajhakara, use kevala vedAGga mAnakara hI usake adhyayana meM pahale ke loga pravRtti pradarzita karate the| [ kisI vizeSa prayojana kA jJAna unheM nahIM thA, vidhi ke anusAra calate hue ve adhyayana kara jAte the| ]' to Ajakala ke logoM ko bhI pravRtti nahIM hI hogI / aisI sthiti na utpanna ho jAya, isalie 'vaha bedAGga hai' isakA pratipAdana 1. unakI pravRtti naisargika nahIM thI, banAnI par3atI thI / vidhi ke anusAra apane jIvana ke kAryakrama unheM nizcita karane the /

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pANini-darzanam 497 karanevAlA prayojana kaha hI denA cAhie / [ zabdAnuzAsana kahane se spaSTa ho jAyagA ki vyAkaraNa eka vedAGga hai, isake adhyayana meM laganA cAhie / ] yadyanvAkhyAte'pi prayojane na pravarteraMstahi laukikazabdasaMskArajJAnarahitAste yAjJe karmaNi pratyavAyabhAjo bhaveyuH / dharmAddhIyeran / ata eva yAjJikAH paThanti - AhitAgnirapazabdaM prayujya prAyazcittIyAM sArasvatImiSTa nirvapet ( pAta0 ma0 bhA0 paspaza0 ) iti / yadi prayojana batalA dene para bhI usa ora pravRtta nahIM ho to laukika zabdoM ke saMskAra ( racanA, vyutpatti, Formation ) ke jJAna se zUnya hone ke kAraNa yajJa ke karma meM ve pApa ke bhAgI hoMge tathA dharma se cyuta hoMge / isIlie yAjJika loga par3hate haiM - 'AhitAgni puruSa yadi apazabda ( azuddha zabda ) kA prayoga kare to prAyazcita ke rUpa meM use sarasvatI devatA kI iSTi ( yajJavizeSa ) karanI cAhie' ( mahAbhAgya, pR0 paspaza meM uddhRta ) / [ jo yAjJika vyAkaraNa nahIM jAnate aura yajJa karAne lagate haiM, unheM zabdArtha kA jJAna na hone se pada-pada para azuddhiyAM gale lagAne ko taiyAra rahatI haiM - ve pApabhAgI hote haiM / apazabda ke prayoga se honevAle pApa kA prAyazcita sArasvata iSTi se hotA hai / ] 4 atastadIyavedAGgatvapratipAdaka yojanAnvAkhyAnArthamatha zabdAnuzAsanamityeva kathyate, nAtha vyAkaraNamiti / bhavati ca zabdasaMskAro vyAkaraNazAstrasya prayojanam / tasmAcchandAnuziSTiH saMskArapadavedanIyA zabdAnuzAsanasya prayojanam / isalie usake vedAGga hone kA pratipAdana karanevAle prayojana ko batalAne ke lie 'atha zabdAnuzAsanam' yahI kahate haiM, 'atha vyAkaraNam' nahIM / vyAkaraNa - zAstra kA prayojana bhI zabda kA saMskAra ( banAvaTa ) batalAnA hI hai, kyoMki usake uddezya se vyAkaraNa kI pravRtti hotI hai / jaise svarga ke uddezya se kiye gaye yAga kA prayojana svarga hI haiM / isalie 'saMskAra' ( banAvaTa ) zabda ke dvArA samajhI jAnevAlI zabdAnuziSTi ( zabdoM kI racanA ) hI zabdAnuzAsana kA prayojana hai / vizeSa- isa prakAra yaha siddha huA ki pataMjali ne vyAkaraNa kA nAma zabdAnuzAsana kucha vizeSa uddezya se rakhA hai ki nAma se hI prayojana kI siddhi ho jAya / ( 4. vyAkaraNazAstra kI vidhi - pratipadapATha nahIM ) nanvevamapyabhimataM prayojanaM na labhyate / tadupAyAbhAvAt / atha pratipadapATha evAbhyupAya iti manyethAstarhi sa hyanabhyupAyaH zabdAnAM pratipattau pratipadapATho bhavet / zabdApazabda bhede nAnantyA cchandAnAm / evaM hi samAmnAyatebRhaspatirindrAya divyaM varSasahasraM pratipadapATha vihitAnAM zabdAnAM zabdapArA yaNaM provAca / nAntaM jagAma / bRhaspatizca pravaktA / indro'dhyetA / divyaM rw yd -

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe varSasahasramadhyayanakAlaH / na ca pArAvAptirabhUta / kimutAdya yazciraM jIvati sa varSazataM jIvati / adhItibodhAcaraNapracAraNazcatubhiryupAyai vidyopayuktA bhavati / tatrAdhyayanakAlenaiva sarvamAyurupayuktaM syAt / 498 [ pUrvapakSiyoM kI zaMkA hai ki ] aisA hone para bhI abhISTa prayojana kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki usa ( prayojana kI prApti ) ke lie koI upAya nahIM hai ( = zabdasaMskAra ke jJAna kA arthAt kauna-kauna zabda zuddha haiM kauna-kauna azuddha -- isako jAnane kA upAya hai| hI nahIM ) | yadi Apa kaheM ki pratyeka zabda ko par3ha DAlanA hI upAya hai to yaha pratipadapATha zabdoM ke jJAna kA upAya nahIM hai, [ yaha to adhyetA kA maraNa hai ] zabda aura apazabda ke bheda se zabdoM ke ananta bheda haiM ( = kucha zabda zuddha haiM, kucha azuddha ) / aisI kathA kahI jAtI hai ( paramparA se calI AtI hai ) -- bRhaspati ne indra ke sAmane eka hajAra divya varSa taka pratyeka pada kA pATha karate hue zabdoM kA pArAyaNa kiyA kintu anta taka nahIM pahu~ca sake ( = utane samaya meM bhI sabhI zabdoM kA pATha nahIM kara sake ) / [ jarA sociye ! ] bRhaspati- jaise adhyApaka, indra- jaise adhyetA aura eka hajAra divya varSa avyayana kA samaya ! phira bhI anta kI prApti nahIM huI !! Aja kI to bAta hI kyA hai ? jo bahuta jItA hai to eka sau varSoM taka jItA hai / adhyayana ( Study ), bodha ( Understanding ), AcaraNa ( Practice ) tathA pracAraNa ( par3hAnA Teaching ) -- ina cAra upAyoM se vidyA upayogI banatI hai / [ idhara pratipada-pATha karane se vyAkaraNa ke ] adhyayanakAla meM hI sArI Ayu kA upayoga ho jAyagA anya upAyoM kA to prazna hI nahIM uThegA ) | vizeSa - pratipada-pATha kA artha hai pratyeka zabda ( rAmaH, kRSNaH Adi ) kA pATha karake usakA sAdhutva batalAnA / yaha upAya ( Method ) vyAkaraNazAstra kA nahIM ho sakatA, ise Age batalAte haiM / 'zabdAnAM zabdapArAyaNam' meM dvirukti nahIM hai / 'zabdapArAyaNa' eka zabda hai jo vyAkaraNa- zAstra ke artha meM rUDha ( yogarUDha ) ho gayA hai / isI se bodha hone para bhI 'zabdAnAm' kA alaga prayoga isalie kiyA gayA hai ki 'pratipadapAThavihitAnAm' vizeSaNa ko sthAna mila sake / 'vAcamavocat' meM vyarthatA hone para bhI 'zucismitAM vAcamavocat' ThIka hai kyoMki 'vAcam' kA vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai| zizupAlavadha ( 1 / 25 ) / ukta kathA kA uddharaNa pataMjali ne mahAbhASya meM diyA hai / anta meM pratipadapATha - vidhi kA khaNDana karake utsargApavAda - vidhi kA pratipAdana kiyA jAyagA / tasmAda nabhyupAyaH zabdAnAM pratipattau pratipadapATha iti prayojanaM sidhyediti cet-maivam / zabdapratipatteH pratipadapAThasAdhyatvAnaGgIkArAt / prakRtyAdivibhAgakalpanAvatsu lakSyeSu sAmAnyavizeSa rUpANAM lakSaNAnAM parjanyavatsakRdeva pravRttau bahUnAM zabdAnAmanuzAsanopalambhAcca /

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pANini-darzanam 499 isalie zabdoM ke jJAna ke lie pratyeka zabda kA pATha karanA upAya nahIM ho sakatA, ataH vyAkaraNa ke prayojana kI siddhi nahIM hogii| [pUrvapakSI kI isa zaMkA para vaiyAkaraNa kahate haiM ki ] aisI bAta nahIM / hama bhI yaha svIkAra nahIM karate ki zabda kA jJAna pratipada pATha se mila sakatA hai ( sAdhya hai)| [pratipadapATha ke dvArA vyAkaraNa nahIM calatA hamArI bhI yahI mAnyatA hai / lakSya ke rUpa meM jo zabda haiM unameM prakRti Adi (=pratyaya, pada, vAkya ) ke vibhAgoM kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai tathA unake lie sAmAnya aura vizeSa lakSaNoM ( sUtroM) kI pravRtti eka bAra hI meSa kI taraha hotI hai jisase bahuta-se zabdoM kA anuzAsana dekhA jAtA hai| vizeSa-pataMjali apane bhASya meM zabdAnuzAsana kI prakriyA batalAte hue kahate haiMkathaM taha_me zabdAH pratipattavyAH ? kiMcitsAmAnyavizeSavallakSaNaM pravartya yenAlpena yatnena mahato mahataH zabdoghAnpratipadyeran / kiM punastat ? utsrgaapvaado| (pR0 6 ) unhIM kA zabdAntara karake mAdhavAcArya diye jA rahe haiN| parjanyavat pravRtti kA artha hai ki jaise megha eka hI sAtha sabhI sthaloM para, samudra aura marubhUmi meM bhI, jala barasAtA hai usI taraha kisI sAmAnya yA vizeSa lakSaNa se eka hI sAtha anekAneka zabdoM kA anuzAsana hogA, alaga-alaga unheM dekhane AvazyakatA nahIM pdd'egii| mahAbhASya (121 // 29) meM kahA hai-kRtakAri khalvapi zAstraM parjanyavat / tadyathA parjanyo yAvadUnaM pUrNa ca sarvamabhivarSati / tathA hi / 'karmaNyaNa' ( pA0 sU0 3 / 2 / 1) ityekena sAmAnyarUpeNa lakSaNena karmopapadAddhAtumAtrAdaNpratyaye kRte, 'kumbhakAra:' 'kANDalAvaH' ityA- . dInAM bahUnAM shbdaanaamnushaasnmuplbhyte| evam, 'Ato'nupasarge kaH' / (pA0 sU0 3 / 2 / 18) ityekena vizeSalakSaNenAkArAntAddhAtoH kapratyaye kRte, 'dhAnyavaH' 'dhanadaH' ityAdInAM bahUnAM shbdaanaamnushaasnmuplbhyte| bRhaspatirindrAyeti pratipadapAThasyAzakyatvapratipAdanaparo'rthavAdaH / - udAharaNa ke lie, karmaNyaNa ( 3 / 2 / 1 arthAt karma ke upapada meM rahane para dhAtu se aN pratyaya hotA hai )-isa akele sAmAnya sUtra ( lakSaNa ) se una sabhI dhAtuoM se, jinake upapada meM koI karma ho, aN pratyaya kiyA jAtA hai tathA kumbhakAraH (kumbhaM karoti, kumbha +Vs+ aN ), kANDalAvaH ( kANDaM lunAti, kANDa + VlU + aN ) ityAdi bahuta se zabdoM kA anuzAsana arthAt saMskAra pAyA jAtA hai| usI taraha, Ato'nupasarge kaH ( 3 / 2 / 18 arthAt yadi upasarga upapada meM na rahe to AkArAnta dhAtu ke bAda ka pratyaya hotA hai )-isa akele hI vizeSa sUtra ke AkArAnta dhAtu ke bAda ka pratyaya kiyA jAtA hai tathA dhAnyadaH (dhAnyaM dadAti, dhAnya + /dA+ka), dhanadaH (dhanaM dadAti, dhana +/dA +ka) ityAdi bahuta-se zabdoM kA anuzAsana pAyA jAtA hai / 'bRhaspati ne indra ko par3hAyA'

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sarvadarzanasaMprahe ityAdi kathA pratipada-pATha kI sAmarthyahInatA kA pratipAdana karanevAlA arthavAda hai / [ artha - vAda kA sAmAnya artha hai stuti yA nindA karanevAle vAkya jo kisI bAta ko bar3hA-car3hAkara prastuta kreN| yahA~ para 'pratipada-pATha asaMbhava hai' yahI dikhAnA hai jise kathA ke rUpa meM diyA gayA hai / ] vizeSa- - vyAkaraNa zAstra kI yahI vidhi hai ki vibhinna lakSyoM kI siddhi ke lie kucha sAmAnya lakSaNa dete haiM tathA unake apavAda dikhAne ke vizeSa lakSaNa dete haiM / sAmAnya sUtra ko vizeSa sUtra dabA detA hai| isI praNAlI se pArNine ne vyAkaraNa likhA hai / mahAbhASya ke prathama Ahnika meM ina samasyAoM para bahuta sundara vicAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ( 5. vyAkaraNa ke anya prayojana ) 500 nanvatyeSvapyaGgeSu satsu kimityetadevAdriyate ? ucyate - pradhAnaM ca SaTsvaGgeSu vyAkaraNam / pradhAne ca kRto yatnaH phalavAnbhavati / taduktam - 3. AsannaM brahmaNatasya tapasAmuttamaM tapaH / prathamaM chandasAmaGgamAhurvyAkaraNaM budhAH || ( dA0 pa0 111 ) iti / tasmAd vyAkaraNazAstrasya zabdAnuzAsanaM bhavati sAkSAtprayojanam / pAramparyeNa tu vedarakSAdIni / ata evoktaM bhagavatA bhASyakAreNa- rakSohAgamalaghvasandehAH prayojanam ( pA0 ma0 bhA0 paspaza ) iti / aba prazna ho sakatA hai ki jaba dUsare vedAGga bhI vidyamAna haiM to ( isa vyAkaraNazAstra ) kA hI itanA adhika Adara kyoM kiye jA rahe haiM ? uttara hogA ki chahoM vedAGgoM meM vyAkaraNa hI pradhAna hai aura pradhAna viSaya meM kiyA gayA parizrama hI saphala hotA hai / yahI kahA hai - 'yaha usa [ parama ] brahma ke nikaTa hai tathA tapasyAoM meM sabase uttama tapasyA hai; vidvAn loga vyAkaraNa ko vedoM kA prathama ( pradhAna ) aMga kahate haiM / ' ( vAkyapadIya 1 / 11 ) / isalie vyAkaraNa - zAstra kA sAkSAt ( sIdhA ) prayojana hai zabdoM kA anuzAsana karanA ( saMskAra bAlAnA ) / paramparA se ( parokSa rUpa se, ghumA-phirA kara ) veda kI rakSA Adi bhI [ isake prayojana hI ] haiM / isIlie bhagavAn bhASyakAra ne kahA hai- rakSA, Uha, Agama, laghu tathA asandeha - ye [ vyAkaraNa zAstra ke ] prayojana haiM / ( mahAbhASya, pR0 1 ) / --- vizeSa-vyAkaraNa ke ina prayojanoM kA uddharaNa kitane hI sthAnoM para diyA jAtA hai | ataH unheM acchI taraha jAna lenA cAhie / ( ? ) rakSA ( Preservation ) - vedoM kI rakSA karane ke lie vyAkaraNa kA adhyayana karanA bahuta Avazyaka hai / vedoM meM bahuta se aise-aise rUpa haiM jo laukika bhASA meM

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501 pANini-darzanam nahIM haiM, jaise-devAsaH ( devAH ), devebhiH ( devaH ), tmanA ( AtmanA ) / ina alaukika rUpoM ko dekhakara vyAkaraNa na jAnanevAlA vyakti bhrama se inakA saMzodhana kara de sakatA hai jisase veda kI AnupUrvI (zabdakrama ) ke bhaMga hone kA bhaya hai| vyAkaraNa jAnanevAlA vyakti sambaddha sUtroM se unakI siddhi dekhakara veda ke krama kI rakSA kara sakatA hai| (2) Uha-( Inference )-Uha kA artha hai vedika zabdoM kA devatA, liMga, vacanAdi ke anusAra parivartana kara denaa| eka mantra hai-'agnaye juSTam' (te0 saM0 12114) / aba yadi sUrya devatA ko havi dAna karanA ho to 'sUryAya juSTam' kheNge| veda meM pATha hai-'anvenaM mAtA mnytaam'| isakA prayoga eka pazu ke lie hotA hai / jaba pazuoM ko saMkhyA bar3hegI to enau, enAna rUpa karane pdd'eNge| ataH paristhiti ke anusAra vacana kA parivartana karanA hai| pataMjali kahate haiM ki veda meM mantra sabhI ligoM aura sabhI vibhaktiyoM meM nahIM par3he gaye haiN| yajJa kI AvazyakatA ke anusAra unake liMgoM aura vibhaktiyoM meM parivartana karanA par3atA hai| yaha kAma binA vyAkaraNa jAne nahIM ho sktaa| (3) Agama-(Scripture )-eka vAkya hai ki brAhmaNa ko binA svArtha (kAmanA ) ke nitya rUpa se dharma aura chaha aMgoM ke sAtha veda kA adhyayana karanA cAhie aura jAnanA bhI cAhie / haradattAdi isa vAkya ko zruti mAnate haiM jaba ki kumArila Adi ise smRti mAnate haiN| (smRti bhI Agama-mUlaka hone se Agama hI hai)| isa Agama se to patA lagatA hai ki vyAkaraNa kA adhyayana nitya rUpa se dRSTa phala kI abhisandhi rakhe hI binA karanA caahie| yahI nahIM, vyAkaraNa vedAGgoM meM pradhAna hai aura pradhAna viSaya meM kiyA gayA parizrama saphala hotA hai / (4) laghu ( Facility )-kisI vyakti ko zabdoM kA jJAna karAnA atyanta Avazyaka hai| usake lie vyAkaraNa se choTA upAya ho hI nahIM sktaa| pratipada-pATha karatekarate AdamI mara jAyagA para samApti nahIM hogii| vyAkaraNa saralatama vidhi se zabda-jJAna karA detA hai| (5) asandeha ( Ascertainment )-vyAkaraNa-zAstra hI sandeha kA nivAraNa karatA hai| zruti meM kahA hai-sthUlapRSatImanaDvAhImAlabheta / anaDvAhI kA artha hai gAya / usakA vizeSaNa hai sthUlapRSatI / aba yaha sandeha hai ki 'sthUlA cAsau pRSatI' arthAt aisI gAya lAyeM jo sthUla ( moTI ) aura gole gole cihnoM se yukta bhI ho ( karmadhAraya samAsa ) athavA 'sthUlAni pRSanti yasyAH sA' (jisake gole cihna bar3e hoM aisI gAya-bahuvrIhi samAsa ) ho / pahale vigraha meM gau ke cihna bar3e hoM yA choTe hoM koI bAta nahIM / dUsare vigraha meM gau moTI ho yA patalI, koI bAta nhiiN| eka bar3A antara hai| aba vaiyAkaraNa 'sthUlapRSatI' zabda meM pUrvapada kA antodAtta dekhakara nizcita kara letA hai ki yahA~ bahuvrIhi samAsa hogA, kyoMki isake lie sUtra hai-'bahuvrIhI prakRtyA pUrvapadam' (pA0 sU0 621) jisase pUrvapada kA prakRti-svara hotA hai| yadi karmadhAraya hotA to 'samAsasya' ( pA0 sU0 6 / 1 / 223 ) se antodAtta hotA / isa prakAra vaiyAkaraNa sandeha kA nivAraNa karatA hai|

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502 sarvadarzanasaMgraha ( 5 ka. vyAkaraNa se abhyudaya kI prApti ) sAdhuzabdaprayogavazAdabhyudayo'pi bhavati / tathA ca kathitaM kAtyAyanenazAstrapUrvake prayoge'bhyudayastattulyaM vedazabdeneti / anyarapyuktam-ekaH zabdaH samyag jJAtaH suSThu prayuktaH svarge loke kAmadhugbhavatIti / tathA__4. nAkamiSTasukhaM yAnti suyuktarbaddhavAnathaH / atha patkASiNo yAnti ye cikkamitabhASiNaH // isake atirikta zuddha zabdoM ke prayoga ke kAraNa abhyudaya kI prApti bhI hotI hai / jaisA ki kAtyAyana ne kahA hai-'[ vyAkaraNa ] zAstra kA jJAna pAkara jo prayoga kiyA jAya usase abhyudaya prApta hotA hai, kyoMki yaha zAstra 'veda' ( jAnatA hai ) zabda ke samAna ho hI hai / [ eka brAhmaNa vAkya hai-'yozvamedhena yajate ya u cenamevaM veda' arthAt jo vyakti azvamedha ke dvArA agniSToma-yAga karatA hai yA usakI vidhi ko jAnatA hai use phala milatA hai (te. brA0 3 / 117) / yahA~ 'veda' zabda kI dhvani hai ki jJAnapUrvaka jo yAga karatA hai use hI phala milatA hai| usI taraha vyAkaraNa jAnakara jo zabdoM kA prayoga karatA hai use abhyudaya milatA hai / 'veda' ( jAnatA hai ) kA jo mahattva agniSToma ke lie hai, vahI vyAkaraNa-jJAna kA zabda prayoga ke lie bhI hai / ] dUsare logoM ne bhI kahA hai-'eka hI zabda yadi acchI taraha (prakRti-pratyaya kA vibhAga karake ) jAna liyA gayA aura acchI taraha se usakA prayoga bhI kiyA gayA to vaha svarga meM aura isa loka meM bhI kAmanAoM kI pUrti karatA hai ( yatheSTa phala detA hai)|' usI prakAra-susajjita aura baMdhI huI ( zuddha ) vANIrUpI ratha ke dvArA loga abhISTa sukha denevAle svargaloka meM jAte haiM; kintu jo vyakti 'cikka' zabda ke samAna ( apazabda ) bolane vAle haiM ve pairoM se rAha ko pITate hue ( = paidala) hI jAte haiN|' vizeSa-yaha zloka kAzikA meM 331448 kI vyAkhyA meM diyA gayA hai kintu vahA~ kucha pAThAntara hai. nAkamiSTasukhaM yAnti suyuktairvaDavArathaiH / atha patkASiNo yAnti ye'cIkamatabhASiNaH / / kintu kAzikA kI donoM hI vyAkhyAoM-padamaJjarI aura nyAsa-meM isa zloka kI vyAkhyA kA abhAva dekhakara isakI maulikatA para saMdeha hotA hai / kucha bhI ho, isake dvArA sundara zabdoM ke zuddha prayoga para bala diyA jAtA hai| ___ navacetanasya zabdasya kathamIdRzaM sAmarthyamupapadyata iti cet-maivaM mnyethaaH| mahatA devena sAmyazravaNAt / tadAha zrutiH5. catvAri zRGgA trayoM asya pAdA dve zIrSe sapta hastAso asya / tridhA baddho vRSabho roravIti maho devo mA A viveza // (R0 saM0 4 / 5833) iti /

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pANini-varzanam 503 = aba yadi pUchA jAya ki zabda to acetana hai, usameM itanI sAmarthya kahA~ se A jAyagI ? to hama kaheMge ki aisA mata samajhiye kyoMki mahAn deva (Izvara) se isakI samatA sunI jAtI hai = zruti meM pratipAdita hai ) / to zruti kahatI hai- 'isakI cAra soMgeM aura tIna pera haiM, do sira haiM tathA isake sAta hAtha haiM; tIna taraha se baMdhakara yaha vRSabha dhvani utpanna karatA hai, vaha mahAna deva ( zabda rUpa meM ) manuSyoM meM praveza karatA hai' ( R0 saM0 458 3 ) / [ yaha RcA mahAnArAyaNopaniSad 1011 meM bhI jyoM-kI-tyoM uddhRta hai ] ' vyAcakAra ca bhASyakAraH - catvAri zRGgANi catvAri padajAtAni, nAmAkhyAtopasarganipAtAH / trayo asya pAdA laDAdiviSayAstrayo bhUtabhaviSyadvartamAnakAlAH / dve zIrSe dvau zabdAtmAnau nityaH kAryazca / vyaGgyavyaJjakabhedAt / sapta hastAso asya, tiGA saha sapta suvibhaktayaH / tridhA baddhaH triSu sthAneSu urasi kaNThe zirasi ca baddhaH / vRSabha iti prasiddhavRSabhatvena rUpaNaM kriyate / varSaNAt / varSaNaM ca jJAnapUrvakAnuSThAnena phalapradatvam / roravIti zabdaM karoti / rautiH zabdakarmA / iha zabdazabdena prapazva vivakSitaH / maho devo martyA Aviveza / mahAn vevaH zabdo martyA maraNadharmANo manuSyAstAnAvivezeti / mahatA devena pareNa brahmaNA sAmyamuktaM syAt ( mahAbhASyam, pR0 3 ) iti / * bhASyakAra ( pataMjali ) ne isakI vyAkhyA bhI kI hai| cAra sIMgoM kA artha hai cAra pada-bheda arthAt nAma, AkhyAta, upasarga aura nipaat| isake tIna paira haiM-laT Adi lakAroM ke viSaya arthAta bhUta, bhaviSyat aura vartamAna kAla | do sira haiM = zabda ke do svarUpa haiM, nitya aura kArya / ina donoM meM yahI bheda hai ki eka vyaMgya hai dUsarA vyaMjaka / [ nitya zabda Antara rUpa se vidyamAna hai, yahI vyaMgya hai, kyoMki isIkI abhivyakti hotI hai / dUsarI ora sunAI par3anevAlI vaikharI ke rUpa kA zabda kArya hai, yaha bAhya hai aura vyaMjaka bhI, kyoMki nitya zabda kI abhivyakti isI ke dvArA samajhI jAtI hai / Age ise spaSTa kareMge / ] isake sAta hAtha haiM arthAt tiGanta ( kriyA ) ke vibhaktiyA~ isameM haiN| tIna prakAra se baMdhA hai = tIna meM nibaddha hai / [ varga ke pazcama vargoM tathA yaralava ke 1. 'zezchandasi bahulam ' ( 6 / 1 / 70 ) se zRGgANi ke sthAna meM zRGgA, 'prakRtyAnta:pAdamavyapare' ( 6 / 1 / 115 ) se 'trayo asya' meM prakRtibhAva, vahI bAta 'hastAso asya' meM, 'Ajjaserasuk ( 7 / 1 / 50 ) se hastAsaH' 'dIrghAdaTi samAna - pAde' ( 8|3|9 ) tathA 'AtoTa nityam' ( 81313 ) se mahAna ko anunAsika mahA~ / dekhiye - vaidikI prakriyA ke sambaddha sUtra aura unakI TIkA / sAtha laganevAlI subanta kI sAta sthAnoM meM- hRdaya, kaMTha aura sira sAtha ha kA sthAna hRdaya meM hai / a,

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe kavarga, ha aura visarga kA sthAna kaMTha hai / mukha ke antargata tAlu Adi dUsare sthAnoM kA saMgraha bhI kaMTha se hI ho gayA hai / anta meM RR, Tavarga, ra Sa kA sthAna sira ( mUrdhA ) hai / isa prakAra zabdoM ke tIna sthAna haiM jahA~ ve TakarAkara abhivyakta hote haiM / ] 'vRSabha' zabda ke dvArA prasiddha ( laukika ) vRSabha ( bela ) kA rUpaka rakhA gayA hai, kyoMki donoM hI varSaNa karate haiM ( / vRSa ) / yahA~ ( zabda- pakSa meM ) varSaNa kA abhiprAya hai [ vyAkaraNa - zAstra kA ] jJAna prApta karake anuSThAna karanA aura usakA phalaprada honA / 'roravIti' kA artha hai 'zabda karatA hai' / 504 ru = zabda karanA / yahA~ [ jo 'roravIti = zabdaM karoti' kahA, usameM prayukta ] 'zabda' zabda ke dvArA isa pUre prapaMca (saMsAra) kA artha liyA gayA / [ nitya zabda se hI yaha pUrA saMsAra banA hai, vahI isakA prapaMca arthAt vistAra karatA hai / bhartRhari ne vAkyapadIya kI prathama kArikA meM hI ise spaSTa kiyA hai jo Age uddhRta kI jAyagI / mahAna deva manuSyoM meM praveza karate haiM / mahAn deva arthAt zabda / martya kA artha hai maraNa dharmavAle manuSya, unameM hI vaha ( zabda ) praveza karatA hai / mahAn deva arthAt parabrahma se samatA ( sAyujya ) kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / ( mahAbhASya, pR0 3 ) / vizeSa -- isa RcA kI prastuta vyAkhyA kA tAtparya yahI hai ki parabrahma ke svarUpa se se yukta antaryAmI zabda manuSyoM meM praviSTa hai / vyAkaraNa- zAstra se utpanna zabdajJAna rakhakara jo prayoga kiyA jAyagA to manuSyoM ke sAre pApa naSTa ho jAyeMge aura ve ahaMkAra Adi kI granthiyoM ko tor3akara apane antaratama meM vidyamAna zabda brahma ke sAtha Atyantika rUpa se saMsakta ho jAya~ge / isa pahelI kI taraha pratIta honevAlI RcA kI vyAkaraNaparaka vyAkhyA to pataMjali ne kI hai, yAska ne ( ? 13 / 7 ) isakI yajJaparaka vyAkhyA kI hai jise sAyaNa ne bhI liyA hai| rAjazekhara ne isakA sahityika artha liyA hai / bhASyakAra ke nAma se uddharaNa dene para bhI mAdhavAcArya ne manamAnI kI hai-apanI icchA se bhASya kI paMktiyoM kA parivartana karate cale gaye haiM / ( 60 zabda hI brahma hai ) jagannidAnaM sphoTAkhyo niravayavo nityaH zabdo brahmeveti hariNAmANi brahmakANDe 6. anAdinidhanaM brahma zabdatatvaM tadakSaram / vivartate'yaM bhAvena prakriyA jagato yataH // ( vAkyapa0 111 ) iti / saMsAra kA nidAna ( mUla kAraNa Ultimate cause ), 'sphoTa' ke nAma se prasiddha bhartRhari ne vAkyapadIya ke tathA avayavoM se rahita jo nitya zabda hai vaha brahma hI hai / aisA brahmakANDa meM kahA hai--' Adi aura anta se rahita, vikArazUnya zabda kA tattva ( Rea

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pANini-darzanam 505 lity ) hI brahma hai - vahI saMsAra kI vibhinna vastuoM ( arthoM ) ke rUpa meM pratibhAsita hotA hai tathA usI se isa saMsAra kI sArI prakriyAeM hotI haiM' ( vAkyapadIya 101 ) / vizeSa - jisa prakAra vedAnta meM saMsAra ko brahma kA vivarta mAnate haiM usI prakAra yahA~ bhI saMsAra zabda-rUpI brahma kA vivarta ( mithyApratIti ) hai / isa dRSTi se anAdi zabda -brahma ( jise parA vANI kaha sakate haiM ) hI saMsAra kA upAdAna kAraNa hai / zabda-brahma zabdabhAva se to vivRtta hotA hI hai| usake bAda meM vaha sat ( Existent ) arthoM ke rUpa meM bhI vivRtta hotA hai / niSkarSa yaha huA ki zabda brahma se zabda aura artha donoM kI utpatti hotI hai, yaha pUrA saMsAra hI zabda kA rUpa hai / bhartRhari kI yaha mAnyatA sevAgama ke anusAra hai / unhoMne kahA hai zabdasya pariNAmo'yamityAmnAyavido viduH / chandobhya eva prathamametadvizvaM vyavartata // ( 9 / 120 ) kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki yaha yaha jagat zabda kA pariNAma ( paraNata rUpa ) hai / saMsAra meM jo kucha bhI dekhate haiM vaha zabdabrahma kA hI nivRtta rUpa yA chAyA hai / ( 6. ka pada-meva kI saMkhyA ) nanu nAmAkhyAtamevena pavadvaividhyapratIteH kathaM cAtuvidhyamuktamiti cetmaivam / prakArAntarasya prasiddhatvAt / taduktaM prakIrNake 7. dvidhA kaizcitpadaM bhinnaM caturdhA paJcadhA'pi vA / apoddhatyaiva vAkyebhyaH prakRtipratyayAdivat // iti // aba prazna hai ki nAma aura AkhyAta ke bheda se do prakAra ke padoM kI pratIti hotI hai, Apa cAra prakAra ke pada kahA~ se lAte haiM ? aisI bAta nahIM hai, unake dUsare bheda bhI prasiddha hI haiM / use prakIrNakANDa meM kahA hai- 'jisa prakAra kRti aura pratyaya kI kalpanA [ pada se pRthak kI jAtI hai yadyapi pada meM hI prakRti-pratyaya donoM haiM ], usI prakAra vAkyoM se pRthak karake ( apoddhRtya ) padoM kI kalpanA karake use logoM ne do, cAra yA pA~ca bhedoM meM bAMTA hai / ' ( vA0 pa0 3|1|1 ) / | taba vizeSa -pada ke artha kA jJAna prApta karane ke lie zAstrIya dRSTi se pada se alaga karake hama prakRti aura pratyaya kI kalpanA karate haiM / prakRti kA apanA artha hotA hai, pratyaya kA bhI - donoM kA samanvaya karake padArtha kI prApti hotI hai / ThIka usI taraha vAkya kA artha jAnane ke lie vAkya meM vidyamAna padoM kI kalpanA vAkA se alaga karate unake arthoM para vicAra karake unheM kaI bhedoM meM bAMTate haiM / vibhinna mata se pada ke vibhinna bheda haiM- pANini ne 'suptiGantaM padam ' ( 1|4|14 ) kahakara padoM ke do hI bheda kiye haiM / subanta ( nAma jisameM upasarga aura nipAta bhI haiM tathA tiGanta loga pada ke cAra bheda karate haiM-nAma, AkhyAta (kriyA), loga isa sUcI meM karmapravacanIya ko bhI jor3akara pada ke kriyA ) yAska tathA dUsare upasarga aura nipAta / kucha pAMca bheda mAnate haiM / karma

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506 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe pravacanIya eka prakAra ke upasarga hI haiM / upasarga kriyA ko vizeSatA prakaTa karate haiM jaba ki karmapravacanIya kriyA ke anuyogI sambadha ko vyakta karatA hai, jaise--japamanu prAvarSata / yahA~ japa aura varSA meM lakSya-lakSaNa kA sambandha hai ki japa hote hI pAnI barasA / japa lakSaNa hai tathA varSA lakSya / sambandha kA pratiyogI japa hai, varSA anuyogI yA dharmI hai / yaha sambandha isa karmapravacanIya 'anu' ke dvArA dyotita hotA hai / bhartRhari ke vAkyapadIya meM tIna kANDa haiM - ( 1 ) padakANDa yA brahmakANDa ( kArikA 156 ), jisameM pada tathA sphoTa ke praznoM para vicAra huA hai / ( 2 ) vAkya kANDa ( kArikA 486 ) jisameM vAkya ke svarUpa para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / tIsare kANDa ko ( 3 ) prakIrNa - kANDa kahate haiM, kyoMki isameM vibhinna viSayoM kI carcA huI hai ( kArikA 1218 ) / tRtIya kANDa 14 samuddezoM yA viSayoM ( Topics ) meM vibhakta hai jo nimnalikhita haiM- 1. jAtisamuddeza, 2. dravyasamuddeza, 3. sambandhasamuddeza, 4. dravyalakSasamuddeza, 5. guNasamuddeza, 6. diksamuddeza, 7. sAdhanasamuddeza ( arthAt kArakoM kA vizleSaNa ), 8. kriyA samuddeza, 9. kAlasamuddeza, 10. puruSasamuddeza, 11. saMkhyAsamuddeza, 12. upagrahasamuddeza, 13. liMgasamuddeza, 14. vRttisamuddeza / caudahavA~ samuddeza pUre prakIrNa kANDa kA AdhA ( kArikA 624 ) hai / vAkyapadIya ke prathama kANDa para harivRSabha ko tathA dvitIya kANDa para puNyarAja kI prakAza TIkA hai, jaba ki tRtIya kANDa para bhUtirAja ke putra helArAja ne apanI prakIrNa- prakAza nAma kI TIkA likhI hai / vAkyapadIya vyAkaraNazAstra ke dArzanika praznoM para vicAra karane ke lie antima pramANa-grantha mAnA jAtA hai / karmapravacanIyena vai pazvamena saha padasya pazvavidhatvamiti helArAjo vyAkhyAtavAn / karmapravacanIyAstu kriyAvizeSopajanitasambandhAvacchedahetava iti sambandhavizeSadyotanadvAreNa kriyAvizeSadyotanAdupasargeSvevAntarbhavantItyabhisandhAya padacAtuvidhyaM bhASyakAreNoktaM yuktamiti vivektavyam / pA~caveM bheda 'karmapravacanIya' ko alaga ginane se pada ke pAMca bheda ho jAte haiM, aisI vyAkhyA helArAja ne [ uparyukta kArikA kI ] kI hai / kintu karmavacanIya kisI vizeSa kriyA ( jaise varSaNa ) se utpanna sambandha ko vyApta karanevAlI ( jaise lakSya-lakSaNa bhAva ) sImA ke jJApaka hote haiM / [ varSaNa kriyA ke sAtha japa kA lakSya-lakSaNa-bhAva se sambandha hai, yaha sambandha eka vizeSa sImA meM hai - isa sImA yA sambandha ko batalAne vAlA 'anu' karmapravacanIya hai / yahI abhiprAya hai / ] isa prakAra ye karmapravacanIya eka prakAra kA sambandha hI batalAte haiM ata: kisI vizeSa kriyA ke dyotaka hone ke kAraNa inakA antarbhAva upasargoM meM hI hotA hai / [ cU~ki upasarga kisI kriyA ke dyotaka hote haiM aura karmapracanIya bhI kriyA ke sambandha kA dyotana karate haiM ataH una donoM ko eka bheda meM hI mAna leM / ] yahI vicAra kara bhASyakAra ne pada ke cAra hI bheda kahe haiM jo yuktiyukta haiM - aisA samajha lenA cAhie /

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pANini-darzanam 507 ( 7. sphoTa-naiyAyikoM kI zaMkA aura usakA samAdhAna ) nanu bhavatA sphoTAtmA nityaH zabda iti nijaagdyte| tanna mRSyAmahe / tatra pramANAbhAvAditi kecit / atrocyate / pratyakSamevAtra pramANam / gaurityekaM padamiti nAnAvarNAtiriktaikapadAvagateH sarvajanInatvAt / na hyasati bAdhake padAnubhavaH zakyo mithyeti vaktum / padArthapratItyanyathAnupapatyApi sphotto'bhyupgntvyH| Apa loga bAra-bAra 'sphoTa ke rUpa meM nitya zabda hai' aisA kahate haiM / hama ise ThIka nahIM mAnate kyoMki isake lie koI pramANa nahIM--yaha kucha logoM ( naiyAyikAdi ) kA kahanA hai / [naiyAyika loga kahate haiM ki 'ghaTamAnaya' isa taraha ke vAkyoM ke uccAraNa ke samaya jo gha a, T Adi varNa kaNThAdi sthAnoM meM vAyu ke saMyoga se utpanna hote haiM, kAnoM se sunAI par3ate haiM aura turata naSTa ho jAte haiM ve hI zabda haiM, unake alAve kisI dUsarI cIja ko zabda nahIM kahate / ghaTa-vastu ke bodhaka bhI ye hI haiM / ataH naiyAyika loga zabda ko anitya mAnate haiM / vaiyAkaraNoM kA kahanA hai ki yaha zabda nahIM hai, kintu zabda ko vyaMjita karanevAlI dhvani hai / isa dhvani ke dvArA jo vyaMgya hotA hai vahI zabda hai, jo ghaTAdi vastu kA bodhaka hotA hai / yaha zabda nitya hai-na utpanna hotA hai na naSTa / vANI kI sarvottama, antaratama avasthA-parA vANI meM yaha rahatA hai, ise hI sphoTa kahate haiN| bAhya dhvani yA kArya zabda kevala isakA vyaMjita tathA anarthaka hai / isa prakAra vaiyAkaraNoM ke anusAra "ghaTamAnaya' ityAdi dhvani kA uccAraNa karane se vAcaka nitya zabda kI abhivyakti hotI hai jisase arthabodha hotA hai / [virodhiyoM kI ] isa ukti para hamArA yaha kahanA hai ki ise siddha karane ke lie to pratyakSa pramANa hI hai / 'go' yaha eka hI pada hai, isameM aneka varNoM [ ke hote hue bhI una ] ke atirikta eka pada kA hI bodha sabhI loga karate haiN| [ 'go' meM ekatva kA bodha sabhI loga karate haiM / para yaha ekatva hai kahA~ ? vargoM meM to nahIM hai, kyoMki ve aneka haiN| isa ekatva kA AdhAra kucha to avazya mAnanA hai / jo varNasamUha ke dvArA vyakta ho vahI sphoTa hai / pada kI ekatA kA anubhava saboM ko hotA hai / ] jaba taka koI bAdhaka pramANa nahIM milatA taba taka padoM kI ekatA ke isa anubhava ko hama mithyA nahIM kaha skte| padArtha kI pratIti ( bodha ) kisI bhI dUsare sAdhana se siddha nahIM ho sakatI (= ekamAtra upAya sphoTa-siddhAnta hI hai ), isalie bhI sphoTa ko mAna lenA caahie| na ca vaNebhya eva tatpratyayaH prAdurbhavatIti parIkSAkSamam vikalpAsahatvAt / kiM varNAH samastA vyastA vArthapratyayaM janayanti ? naadyH| varNAnAM kSaNikAnAM samUhAsambhavAt / nAntyaH / vyastavarNebhyo'rthapratyayAsambhavAt / na ca vyAsasamAsAbhyAmanyaH prakAraH samastIti / tasmAdvarNAnAM vAcakatvAnapa

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508 sarvadarzanasaMgrahepattau yadbalAdarthapratipattiH sa sphottH| varNAtirikto varNAbhivyaGgyo'rthapratyAyako nityaH zabdaH sphoTa iti tadvivo vadanti / ___vargoM se hI pada ke artha kI pratIti utpanna hotI hai'-aisA kahanA bhI yuktisaMgata nahIM hai ( kasauTI para kharA nahIM utara sakatA ), kyoMki nimnalikhita donoM vikalpa asiddha ho jAte haiM / ye varNa kyA milakara artha kI pratIti karAte haiM yA alaga-alaga hokara ? pahalA vikalpa ThIka nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki kSagabhara hI ThaharanevAle ( nazvara ) vargoM kA samUha honA asambhava hai / dUsarA vikalA bhI ThIka nahIM, kyoMki alaga-alaga vargoM se [pUre pada ke ] artha kI pratIti nahIM ho sktii| [ vyasta varNoM kI vAcakatA mAnane para kaI samasyAeM utpanna ho jAyaMgo / eka-eka varNa kA uccAraNa karane se eka to arthabodha hotA hI nhiiN| yadi ho bhI to pratyeka varNa ko sArthaka mAnanA par3egA aura eka hI varNa se artha kI pratIti ho jAne se anya varNa vyartha ho jaayNge| eka pada meM jitane varNa hoM utane artha bhI hoMge ataH eka pada eka hI sAtha aneka arthoM kA bodha karAne lgegaa| anta meM sabhI vargoM ko paryAyavAcaka bhI mAnanA pdd'egaa| alaga-alaga bodha karAnA yA milakara bodha karAnA, ina donoM vikalpoM ke atirikta aura koI vikala ho nahIM sktaa| isalie vargoM ko vAcakatA asiddha ho gayI ( = varNa arthabodha nahIM karA sakate ), ataH jisake vala se ( kAraNa ) artha kA bodha hotA hai, vahI sphoTa hai / sphoTa ke jAnanevAle kahate haiM ki sphoTa nitya-zabda hai, vargoM se pRthak hai, vargoM ke dvArA abhivyakta hotA hai aura artha ko pratAti karatA hai| (smaraNIya hai ki dhvani arthapratIti nahIM karA sakatI / dhvani nitya zabda ko abhivyakta karatI hai jo arthabodha karAne ke lie sadA prastuta rahatA hai / ] ata eva sphuTayate vyajyate varNariti sphoTo varNAbhivyaGgayaH, sphuTati sphuTIbhavatyasmAdartha iti sphoTo'rthapratyAyaka iti sphoTazabdArthamubhayathA niraahuH| tathA coktaM bhagavatA pataJjalinA mahAbhASye-'atha gaurityatra kaH zabdaH ? yenoccAritena sAsnA-lAgUla-kakuda-khuraviSANinAM sampratyayo bhavati, sa zabdaH' ( mahAbhA0 pR0 1) iti|| isIlie, 'voM ke dvArA jo sphuTita yA vyaMjita ho vaha sphoTa ( sphuTa ) hai' arthAt varNoM se abhivyaMgya [ zakti ko sphoTa kahate haiM / ] "jisase artha sphuTita yA prakAzita hotA hai vaha sphoTa arthAt arthabodha ( zakti ) hai' / isa taraha donoM rUpoM meM (varSoM ke dvArA abhivyaMgya tathA artha kA bodhaka-ina donoM rUpoM meM ) 'sphoTa' zabda ke artha kA nirvacana loga karate haiM / bhagavAn pataMjali ne mahAbhASya meM aisA hI kahA bhI hai-"acchA, yaha batalAiye ki 'go' meM zabda kauna-sA hai ? jisakA uccAraNa karane se sAsnA ( gale kA laTakatA huA mAMsa ), pUMcha, kakuda ( pITha aura gale ke bIca uThA huA mAMsa ), khura tathA

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pANini-darzanam sIMga se yukta [ pazuvizeSa ] kA bodha hotA hai, vahI zabda hai" ( pataJjali, mahAbhASya, pR0 1) / [ yahA~ spaSTa hai ki pataJjali artha kA bodha karAnevAle sAdhana-vizeSa ko zabda kahate haiM jo aura kucha nahIM, nitya zabda yA sphoTa hI hai / kaiyaTa ne aisI vyAkhyA bhI kI hai / ] vivRtaM ca kaiyaTena- ' vaiyAkaraNA varNavyatiriktasya padasya vAcakatvamicchanti / varNAnAM vAcakatve dvitIyAdivarNoccAraNAnarthakyaprasaGgAdityAdinA tadvyatiriktaH sphoTo nAdAbhivyaGgyo vAcako vistareNa vAkyapadIye vyavasthApitaH' ityantena prabandhena / kaiyaTa ne isakA vivaraNa bhI diyA hai - ' vaiyAkaraNa loga varNa ke atirikta (varNoM se pRthak rakhakara ) pada kI vAcakatA mAnate haiM / varNoM ko dAcaka mAnane para [ pahalA varNa to arthabodha karA hI degA isalie ] dvitIya aura anya varNoM kA uccAraNa karanA vyartha hI ho jAyagA / unake atirikta ( pRthak ) nAda yA dhvani se abhivyaMgya 'sphoTa' hai jo [ padArtha kA ] vAcaka hai, vAkyapadIya meM usakI vyavasthA vistArapUrvaka kI gaI hai / ' ( dekhie, mahAbhAgya, caukhambA saM0 pR0 11 ) / 509 ( 7 ka. sphoTa para anya zaMkA - mImAMsaka ) nanu sphoTasyApyarthapratyAyakatvaM na ghaTate / vikalpAsahatvAt / kimabhivyaktaH sphoTo'thaM pratyAyayatyanabhivyakto vA ? na caramaH / sarvadArthapratyayalakSaNakAryotpAdaprasaGgAt / sphoTasya nityatvAbhyupagamena nirapekSasya hetoH sadA satvena kAryasya vilambAyogAt / [ pUrvapakSI kahate haiM ki ] sphoTa meM bhI artha kI pratIti karAne kI zakti nahIM mAnI jA sakatI, kyoMki donoM hI vikalpa isa viSaya meM asiddha ho jAte haiM / kyA sphoTa abhivyakta hokara artha karAtA hai yA binA abhivyakta hI hue ? dUsarA pakSa ThIka nahIM ho sakatA / [ dUsare pakSa kA khaNDana sarala hai ataH pahale use hI lete haiM, jaise sUI aura kar3AhI banAne ke lie luhAra pahale sUI hI banA letA hai taba kar3AhI banAtA hai / ] kAraNa yaha hai ki aisA mAnane para arthabodha rUpI kArya kA utpAdana sadA hI hotA rahegA kyoki sphoTa ko nitya mAnate haiM. [ arthabodha kA ] vahI kAraNa hai jo abhivyakti kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA - usakI sattA sadA hI rahegI, isalie [ arthabodha - rUpI ] kArya ke utpAdana meM vilamba kI saMbhAvanA hI nahIM / [ abhiprAya yaha hai ki arthapratIti ko kArya aura sphoTa ko kAraNa mAnate haiM / kArya-kAraNa kA sambandha sadA rahatA hai| cU~ki anabhivyakta rUpa meM hI sphoTa arthabodha karAyegA, ataH abhivyakta hone kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA / ataH nitya sphoTa nitya rUpa se barAbara arthabodha hI karAtA rahegA, virAma use kahA~ ? arthataddoSaparijihIrSayA'bhivyaktaH sphoTo'rthaM pratyAyayatIti kakSIkriyate, tathA'pyabhivyaJjayanto varNAH kiM pratyekamabhivyaJjayati sambhUya vA ? pakSa

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510 sarvadarzanasaMgrahedvaye'pi varNAnAM vAcakatvapakSe bhavatA ye doSA bhASitAsta eva sphoTAbhivyaJjakatvapakSe vyaavrtniiyaaH| taduktaM bhaTTAcAryarmImAMsAzlokavAtike8. yasyAnavayavaH sphoTo vyajyate vrnnbuddhibhiH| so'pi paryanuyAgena naikenApi vimucyate // iti / [ pUrvapakSI Age kahate haiM ki ] aba yadi ukta doSa se bacane ke lie Apa ( vaiyAkaraNa ) loga yaha pakSa le leM ki abhivyakta hI hone para sphoTa artha kI pratIti karAtA hai phira bhI [ hama vikalpa rakheMge ki ] abhivyakta karanevAle varNa kyA eka-eka karake sphoTa kI abhivyakti karate haiM yA saba eka sAtha milakara ? donoM hI pakSoM meM; varNoM ko vAcaka mAnane para Apa ( vaiyAkaraNoM) ne jo-jo doSa Aropita kiye haiM ve doSa hI sphoTa ko abhivyaMjaka mAnane para, Apa para hI ulaTa die jAyaM to koI Apatti nhiiN| [ yadi varNa eka-eka karake sphoTa kI abhivyakti karate haiM to aisA dekhA nahIM jAtA / punaH yadi eka hI va.. kI abhivyakti ho jAtI hai to kisI pada ke dUsare-tIsare Adi varNoM kA uccAraNa hI kyoM kiyA jAyagA ? isake alAve, pada meM jitane varNa haiM utane sphoToM kI abhivyakti eka hI pada se ho jaaygii| dUsarA pakSa ( varNa milakara sphoTa kI abhivyakti karate haiM ) bhI ThIka nhiiN| kSaNika varNoM kA samUha sambhava hI nahIM hai ve itanI zIghratA se naSTa jo ho jAte haiN| ataH sphoTavAdiyoM ke sira para unhIM kA zastra calA diyA jaaygaa|] ise kumArila bhaTTa ne bhI mImAMsA-zloka-vArtika meM kahA hai- jisakA yaha siddhAnta hai ki sphoTa avayavoM se rahita hai tathA varNoM ke jJAna se abhivyakta hotA hai, vaha ( sphoTavAdI vaiyAkaraNa ) bhI [ apane hI dvArA uThAye gaye praznoM meM ] eka prazna se bhI nikala nahIM sakatA hai|' [sphoTavAdI ne apane virodhI se jo-jo prazna Upara kiye haiM unameM sabake saba aba hama sphoTavAdiyoM para hI pheMka dete haiM-eka bhI prazna kA uttara ye deM to jAneM / eka prazna kA bhI uttara inase nahIM diyA jA sktaa| yadi sphoTa ko avayavayukta mAnate to ye kaha sakate the ki eka-eka varNa se khaNDazaH sphoTa kI abhivyakti hotI hai| parantu ye to sphoTa ko avayavoM se rahita bhI mAnate haiM / ] vibhaktyanteSveva varNeSu 'suptiGantaM padam ( pA0 sU0 1 / 4 / 14) iti pANininA, 'te vibhaktyantAH padam' (nyA0 sU0 2 / 2 / 60) iti gautamena ca padasaMjJAyA vihitatvAtsaMketa graheNAnugrahavazAdvarNeSveva padabuddhirbhaviSyati / tahi sara ityetasminpade yAvanto vastAvanta eva rasa ityatrApi / evaM 'vanaM navaM 'nadI dInA' 'rAmo mAroM' 'rAjA jAre'tyAdiSvarthabhevapratItirna syAditi cet-na / kramabhedena bhedasambhavAt / [pUrvapakSI Age kahate haiM ki ] pANini ne subanta aura tiGanta ( varNa ) ko pada mAnA hai ( 1 / 4 / 14 ) tathA gautama ne vibhakti se anta honevAle varSoM ko pada mAnA hai

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511 pANini-darzanam ( 2 / 2 / 60 )-isa prakAra do bar3e-bar3e AcArya vibhaktyanta vargoM ko hI pada saMjJA dete haiM ataH [ vRddhavyavahArAdi upAyoM se ] saMketa-grahaNa karake [ ina vargoM meM uttarottara ] sahAyakasambandha mAnakara varNoM ko hI to pada kahanA par3egA / [ ukta do AcAryoM ke sUtroM se dhvanita hotA hai ki varNa-samudAya hI pada hai-usake atirikta sphoTa nAma kA koI padArtha nahIM hai| yaha prazna ho sakatA hai ki varNa to zIghra hI naSTa honevAle haiM unakA samUha kaise ho sakatA hai ? parantu vRddhavyavahAra Adi ke dvArA hama varNasamudAya meM saMketa ( Conventional relation ) grahaNa kareMge ki amuka varNasamudAya amuka vastu se sambaddha hai| pUre samudAya se eka hI artha kI pratIti hogii| aba ina vinAza vargoM meM uttarottara anugrahabhAva hogA-eka varNa dUsare :varNa kI sahAyatA karatA calA jAyagA aura usa vidyamAna varNasamudAya kA ekAtmaka artha mAna leMge / ataH samUha kI kalpanA se bhI padabodha ho sakatA hai|] [vaiyAkaraNa bIca meM cher3ate haiM ki ] taba to 'sara' isa pada meM jitane varNa haiM utane hI 'rasa' meM bhI haiN| isI taraha, vana aura nava, nadI aura dIna, rAma aura mAra, rAja aura jAra meM bhI barAbara-barAbara hI varNa haiM to arthabheda kI pratIti nahIM hogii| [ virodhI kahate haiM ki ] aisI bAta nahIM, vargoM ke krama meM bheda hogA to artha meM bhI bheda pdd'egaa| taduktaM tautAtitaH 9. yAvanto yAdRzA ye ca ydrthprtipttye| varNAH prajJAtasAmarthyAste tathaivAvabodhakAH // iti / tasmAdyazcobhayoH samo doSo na tenaikazvodyo bhavatIti nyAyAdvarNAnAmeva vAcakatvopapattau nAtiriktasphoTakalpanAvakalpata iti cet / [pUrvapakSI anta meM kahate haiM ] tautAtita arthAt kumArila kA kahanA hai ki jina varNo kI sAmarthya ( arthabodha karAne kI zakti ) acchI taraha mAlUma ho ki ye artha kI pratIti karA sakate haiM, ve varNa cAhe jitanI saMkhyA meM hoM, jisa kisI prakAra ke hoM, ve usI prakAra se artha kA bodha karAte haiN| [ jisa artha kA bodha karAne kI zakti varNoM meM hotI hai, ve usI artha kA bodha karAte haiM / ] ___isalie 'jaba donoM kA doSa eka hI taraha kA hai to usa doSa se eka para bigar3anA ThIka nahIM hai' isa nyAya se yaha siddha hotA hai ki varNa hI vAcaka haiM ataH unase bhinna sphoTa kI kalpanA karanA ThIka nahIM hai / [ yahA~ mImAMsakoM kA pUrvapakSa samApta huaa|] vizeSa-jaba do vyaktiyoM meM donoM kA samAna doSa ho, donoM kA parihAra bhI eka hI ho, to vaise viSaya kA vicAra karate samaya eka vyakti ko dUsare para doSAropaNa nahIM karanA cAhie / isakA yaha zloka hai yazcobhayoH samo doSaH parihAro'pi vA samaH / nekaH paryanuyoktavyastAgarthavicAraNe //

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512 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe(8. mImAMsakoM kI zaMkA kA uttara-sphoTasiddhi) tadetatkAzakuzAvalambanakalpam / viklpaanupptteH| kiM varNamAtraM padapratyayAvalambanaM varNasamUho vA ? naadyH| parasparavilakSaNavarNamAlAyAmabhinnaM nimittaM puSpeSu vinA sUtraM mAlApratyayavadityekaM padamiti prtiptternupptteH| nApi dvitiiyH| uccaritapradhvastAnAM varNAnAM samUhabhAdAsambhavAt / [ vaiyAkaraNa loga uttara dete haiM ki nadI meM DUbate hue vyakti ] jaise bahate hue ghAsaphUsa kA sahArA lete haiM vaise hI ApakA yaha tarka hai| ina donoM kI vikalpoM kI asiddhi ho jAtI hai| kyA akelA varNa pada kI pratIti karAtA hai yA varNoM kA samaha ? pahalA vikalpa ThIka nahIM kyoMki jaise phaloM meM binA sUta ke mAlA kI pratIti nahIM hotii| usI prakAra eka dUsare se vilakSaNa ( Peculiar ) varNoM kI mAlA hone para bhI aneka varSoM meM anusyUta honevAle kisI eka abhinna nimitta ke binA 'yaha eka pada hai' aisI pratIti nahIM ho sakatI / dUsarA vikalpa bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki uccAraNa kiye jAne ke bAda naSTa ho jAnevAle varSoM kA samUha kabhI ho hI nahIM sktaa| tatra hi samUhavyapadezo ye padArthA ekasminpradeze sahAvasthitatayA bhvo'nubhuuynte| yarthakasminpradeze sahAvasthitayAnubhUyamAneSu dhavakhadirapalAzAdiSu samUhavyapadezo yathA vA gjnrturgaadissu| na ca te varNAstathAnubhUyante / utpannapradhvastatvAt / abhivyaktipakSepi krameNavAbhivyaktiH / samUhAsambhavAt / __ hama 'samUha' use hI kahate haiM jahA~ kucha padArtha eka hI sthAna meM sAtha-sAtha rahane ke kAraNa aneka sakhyA meM anubhUta hoM / jaise eka hI sthAna meM sAtha-sAtha rahane ke kAraNa anubhUta honevAle dhava, khadira (khaira), palAza Adi vRkSoM meM 'samUha' kA prayoga hotA hai athavA jaise gaja, manuSya aura azva Adi [ jIvoM ke samUha kA prayoga karate haiN| ] varNoM kA anubhava to usa rUpa meM hotA nahIM / kAraNa yaha hai ki ye utpanna hokara naSTa ho jAte haiM [ ata: eka sthAna meM sAtha-sAtha rahane kA avasara inheM kahA~ se milegA ki varNoM kA samUha hogA ?] ___ yadi hamAre samAna [ sphoTa kI ] abhivyakti kA pakSa bhI liyA jAya to vahAM bhI abhivyakti [ eka hI sAtha nahIM ho jAto ] krama se hI hotI hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki kisI bhI dazA meM kSaNika vargoM kA samUha honA sambhava nahIM hai| ___ nApi varNeSu kAlpanikaH samUhaH klpniiyH| parasparAzrayaprasaGgAt / ekArthapratyAyakatvasiddhau tadupAdhinA varNeSu padatvapratItistatsiddhAvekArthapratyAyakatvasiddhiriti / tasmAdvarNAnAM vaacktvaasmbhvaatsphotto'bhyupgntvyH|

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513 pANini-darzanam - Apa (pUrvapakSI ) yaha bhI nahIM kaha sakate ki varSoM meM jo samUha hai vaha kAlpanika yA kRtrima hai, kyoMki aisA mAnane para anyonyAzraya doSa ho jAyagA / eka tarapha jaba Apa yaha siddha kareMge ki [ vargoM ke kRtrima samUha se ] ekAtmaka artha kI pratIti hotI hai tabhI usa upAdhi ( zataM ) ke AdhAra para vargoM meM padatva kA bodha hotA hai; aura dUsarI ora vargoM meM padatva kI siddhi karane para hI yaha siddha hogA ki usase artha kA bodha hotA hai [ padatvapratIti aura arthabodha-donoM meM kauna pahale hogA ? ekArthabodha tathA padatva varNasamUha meM nahIM hai, kintu sphoTa meM hI hai / yadi sphoTa nahIM mAnate to ina donoM ko vargoM meM hI baiThAnA hogA-isase anyonyAzraya to hogA hii| ] ataH varNa vAcaka nahIM ho sakate, to sphoTa ko mAnanA hI caahie| (8.ka. sphoTa para anya ApattiyAM aura samAdhAna ) nanu sphoTavyaJjakatApakSe'pi prAguktavikalpaprasareNa ghaTTakuTIprabhAtAyitamiti cet tadetanmanorAjyaviz2ambhaNam / vaiSamyasambhavAt / tathA hiabhivyaJjako'pi prathamo dhvaniH sphottmsphuttmbhivynkti| uttarottarAbhivyaJjakakrameNa sphuTaM sphuTataraM sphuTatamam / yathA svAdhyAyaH sakRtpaThayamAno nAvadhAryate / abhyAsena tu sphuttaavsaayH| yathA vA rajatatvaM prathamapratItau sphuTaM na cakAsti / carame cetasi ythaavdbhivyjyte| ___ aba ye ( pUrvapakSI ) loga phira Apatti kara sakate haiM ki yadi sphoTa kA [ vargoM ke dvArA ] abhivyaMgya honA mAna bhI leM phira bhI to pahale kahe gaye ( pUrvapakSI ke dvArA Aropita, dekhiye-7 ka. kA Arambha ) vikalpoM ke prasAra ke kAraNa [ bacanA cAhate hue bhI Apa unake cakra meM par3a jAyaMge jaise koI gAr3IvAna rAta meM cuMgI dene ke Dara se dUsare rAste se rAtabhara calatA rahe aura bhUlatA-bhaTakatA ] prAtaHkAla cuMgodhara ke ho sAmane pahu~ca jAya [ aura use cuMgI ( Toll-tax ) cukAnI pdd'e|] hamArA kahanA hai ki yaha saba karake Apa apane mana meM pue pakAte raheM ( mana ko santoSa dete rheN)| [ isase kucha hone kA nahIM kyoMki ] donoM meM bahuta bar3I viSamatA hai / dekhiye-abhivyaMjaka hone para bhI prathama varNa sphoTa kI abhivyakti aspaSTa rUpa meM hI karatA hai| [jaise-jaise varNa Ate haiM vaise-vaise ve ] apane uttarottara abhivyaMjaka krama se spaSTa, spaSTatara aura sabase adhika spaSTa rUpa se anta meM abhivyakta kara dete haiM / [ isalie varNa cAhe spaSTa rUpa se sphoTa kI abhivyakti kare yA aspaSTa rUpa se, vaha abhivyaMjaka hai| ] jisa prakAra svAdhyAya ( veda ) eka bAra par3hane se samajha meM nahIM AtA kintu abhyAsa karane se sphuTa hone lagatA hai / athavA jisa prakAra cAMdI prathama pratIti meM (pahale-pahale 33 sa0 saM0

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514 samAnavaMbahedekhane se ) spaSTa nahIM hotA, kintu anta meM vahI ( cAMdI ) citta meM apane vAstavika rUpa meM abhivyakta ho jAtI hai| 10. nAvairAhitabIjAyAmantyena dhvaninA saha / __ AvRttiparipAkAyAM buddhau zabdo'vadhAryate // (vAkyapa0 1184) iti prAmANikoktaH / tasmAdasmAcchabdAdartha pratipadyAmaha iti vyvhaarvshaavrnnaanaamrthvaacktvaanupptteH| prathame kANDe tatrabhavaddhirbhartRharibhirabhihitatvAniravayavamarthapratyAyakaM zabdatattvaM sphoTAkhyamabhyupagantavyamiti / etatsarva paramArthasaMvillakSaNasattA jAtireva sarveSAM zabdAnAmartha iti pratipAdanapare jAtisamuddeze pratipAditam / ___ isake lie prAmANika kathana bhI hai-'antima dhvani ( varNa ) ke sAtha nAdoM ( pahale se uccarita varNoM kI dhvaniyoM ) ke dvArA usa buddhi meM jisameM bIja arthAt abhivyakti ke anukUla saMskAra kI sthApanA ho cukI hai tathA jo buddhi [ pahale ke sabhI saMskAroM kI ] AvRtti ke kAraNa paripakva arthAt yogyatA-sampanna bhI ho cukI hai, kisI zabda kA nirdhAraNa (nizcaya ) hotA hai' ( vAkyapadIya 1184) / [ buddhi meM pratyeka zabda kA eka saMskAra rahatA hai jo zaktigraha aura AvRtti ke kAraNa sthita ho jAtA hai, tabhI buddhi meM yogyatA hotI hai| jaba kisI pada yA vAkya kA zravaNa karate haiM taba usa pada yA vAkya ke prathama varNa se hI ukta saMskAra jAgane lagatA hai, yA sphoTa spaSTa hone lagatA hai| antima varNa uccarita hote-hote sAre saMskAra udbuddha ho jAte haiM tathA 'amuka zabda hai' yaha jJAna hotA hai| yahI Azaya hai / ] ___ isalie, 'isa zabda se hama artha kI pratIti karate haiM aisA vyavahAra hone ke kAraNa yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki varNa artha ke vAcaka haiM (pratyuta zabda artha ke vAcaka ho sakate haiM ] / vAkyapadIya ke prathama kANDa meM AdaraNIya bhartRhari ne isakA varNana kiyA hai ataH avayavoM se rahita, arthabodhaka zabdatattva, jisakA nAma sphoTa hai, hameM svIkAra karanA cAhie / paramArtha ( parama tattva, brahma) ke pUrNajJAna ( saMvita ) rUpI lakSaNa se yukta jo [ sabhI padArthoM meM vidyamAna ] sattA hai, vaha [ ghaTa, paTa Adi sambandhiyoM ke bheda se ghaTalva paTatva Adi kI ] jAti ke rUpa meM hai tathA sabhI zabdoM ( ghaTa, paTAdi ) kA artha bhI vahI ( sattAjAti ) hai| isa prakAra kA pratipAdana karanevAle jAti-samuddeza ( vAkyapadIpa ke tRtIya kANDa kA eka khaNDa ) nAmaka khaNDa meM bhatRhari ne ise spaSTa kiyA hai| [aba sattA ko artha mAnananevAle pakSa kA khaNDana pUrvapakSI kreNge| ] 1. vizeSa jJAna ke lie paM0 sUryanArAyaNa zukla kI vyAkhyA se yukta vAkyapadIya dekheM / pR0 97-99 /

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pANini-darzanam (9. sattA hI zabdoM kA artha hai-pUrvapakSa aura siddhAntapana ) yadi sattva sarveSAM zabdAnAmarthastahi sarveSAM zabdAnAM paryAyatA syAt / tathA ca kvacidapi yugapatricaturapadaprayogAyoga iti mhccaaturymaayussmtH| taduktam 11. paryAyANAM prayogo hi yogapadyena nessyte| paryAyeNaiva te yasmAdvadantyartha na sNhtaaH|| iti / tasmAdayaM pakSo na kSodakSama iti cet / [ pUrvapakSI kahate haiM ki ] yadi sabhI zabdoM kA artha sattA ( parama sattA, paramArtha kA jJAna ) hI hai taba to sabhI zabda eka dUsare ke paryAya ho jaayNge| yahI nahIM, ApakI caturatA dhanya hai ! Apake mata meM rahane se to kahIM bhI eka sAtha tIna-cAra padoM kA prayoga hogA hI nhiiN| [ jaba sabhI zabda eka dUsare ke paryAya haiM taba to eka sAtha kaI paryAyoM kA prayoga nahIM hogA, ataH kaI zabdoM ko eka bAra meM prayukta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| manuSya kI bhASA hI nirarthaka ho jAyagI / dhanya hai ApakA siddhAnta ! ] ise kahA bhI hai___ 'paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA prayoga eka sAtha nahIM karanA cAhie, kyoMki ye zabda ekaeka karake artha kA bodha karAte haiM, eka sAtha milakara nhiiN|' [candra, indu, zazi Adi zabda pRthak vAkyoM meM apane krama se artha-bodha karA sakate haiM kintu yadi eka hI sAtha inakA prayoga kara deM to vAkya nahIM bana sakatA-sAhitya-zAstra meM to aisA karanA punarukti doSa mAnA jaaygaa| ] isalie yaha pakSa itanA bhI balayukta nahIM ki hamAre khaNDana ko saMbhAla ske| tadetadgaganaromanthakalpam / nIlalohitapItAdyuparaJjakadravyabhedena sphaTikamaNeriva sambandhibhedAtsattAyAstadAtmanA bhedena pratipattisiddhau, gosttaaviruupgotvaavibhednibndhnvyvhaarvlkssnnyopptteH| tathA cAptavAkyam 12. sphaTikaM vimalaM dravyaM yathA yuktaM pRthakpRthak / ___nIlalohitapItAdyastavarNamupalabhyate // iti / [ ukta prazna kA uttara hai ki ] yaha to AkAza ( zUnya ) kA romantha ( jugAlI, pAgura ) karane ke samAna hai| [ pazu cabAye hue padArtha ko phira se muMha meM lAkara cabAte haiM vahI romantha hai / romanya karane ke lie kucha Thosa padArtha honA caahie| yoM hI AkAza kA romantha nahIM ho sakatA / usI taraha Apa logoM kA yaha AkSepa bhI bilkula asambhava hai|] jaise svaccha sphaTika maNi meM uparaMjaka ( raMganevAle ) dravyoM ke bheda ke kAraNa nole, lAla, pIle tathA anya raMgoM kI pratIti hotI hai usI taraha sambandhI ke bheda ke kAraNa, sattA kI pratIti, usase sambaddha vastu ke svarUpa-bheda ke rUpa meM hotI hai| isa taraha 'go' kI sattA ( vaiyaktika sattA ) ke rUpa meM gotva Adi [ jAti kI jo sattA hai usI se vibhinna vastuoM

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ke ] bheda para AdhArita vyavahAra kI vilakSaNatA mAlUma par3atI hai| [ abhiprAya yaha hai ki. paramasattA brahma hI zabdoM kA artha hai para zabdoM ke artha ko lekara bheda kyoM hai ? cUMki sattA ke sambandhI ghaTa, paTa Adi dravyoM kI ghaTasattA, paTasattA Adi hai aura ina vaiyaktika sattAoM ke rUpa meM ghaTatvajAti, paTatvajAti Adi jAtiyoM kI sattA hai isalie paramasattA brahma ke vivartarUpa ina sattAoM ke calate zabdArtha meM bheda par3atA hai| sphaTika para nAnA prakAra ke raMga par3ate haiN| usI taraha sambandhiyoM ke bheda se sattA para aneka arthoM kA AropaNa hotA hai|] aisA hI Apta (prAmANika ) vAkya hai-'jaise sphaTika svaccha dravya hI hai, pRthak-pRthak nIle, lAla, pIle raMgoM ke par3ane se usake varNa ko prApta kara letA hai, [ vaise hI sattA bhI vibhinna sambandhiyoM ke bheda se vibhinna arthoM ko dhAraNa kara letI hai| ]' tathA hariNApyuktam13. sambandhibhedAtsattava bhidyamAnA gavAdiSu / jAtirityucyate tasyAM sarve zabdA vyvsthitaaH|| (vAkya0 3 / 1 / 33 ) / 14. tAM prAtipadikArtha ca dhAtvartha ca pracakSate / sA nityA sA mahAnAtmA taamaahustvtlaadyH|| ( vAkyapa0 331 // 34 ) iti / vahI bhartRhari ne bhI kahA hai-'sambandhI ( ghaTa, paTa Adi ) ke bheda se sattA ( parama sattA ) hI go-Adi ke rUpa meM bhinna hokara jAti kahalAtI hai usI meM sabhI zabdoM kI vyavasthA hotI hai // 13 // ___ padArthoM meM sthita saMvidrUpI sattA nitya hai, vahI mahAn AtmA ( brahma ) hai, tva, tal Adi bhAva-pratyaya usI kA poSaNa karate haiM / / 14 // ' vizeSa-mahAsattA nAma kI eka hI jAti hai, vahI brahma hai, gotva, azvatvAdi usI ke vivarta haiM / AzrayarUpI sambandhI kA bheda par3ane se yaha mahAsattA hI gotva Adi jAti ke rUpa meM AtI hai / abhAva ko bhI mahAsattA se sambaddha mAnakara padArtha kahate haiM ataH mahAsattA ko prAtipAdikArtha ke rUpa meM bhI gRhIta karate haiM / dhAtu bhI kriyArUpI vyaktiyoM meM samaveta honevAlI mahAsattA kI abhivyakti karatA hai / aisI avasthA meM mahAsattA meM kriyArUpI upAdhiyoM ke kAraNa anekatA AtI hai / ( dekhiye, vAkyapadIya kA sambaddha sthala ) / mAdhavAcArya isakI vyAkhyA Age karate haiN| AzrayabhUtaiH sambandhibhibhidyamAnA kalpitabhedA gavAzvAdiSu sattva mahAsAmAnyameva jAtiH / gotvAdikamaparaM sAmAnyaM paramArthatastato bhinnaM na bhavati / gosattava gotvaM, nAparamanvayi pratibhAsate / evamazvasattA'zvatvami

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pANini-darzanam 517 tyAdi vAcyam / evaM ca tasyAmeva gavAdibhedabhinnAyAM sattAyAM jAtau sarve gozabdAdayo vAcakatvena vyavasthitAH / AdhAra ke rUpa meM jo sambandhI haiM unake dvArA bheda kiye jAne para, jo bheda vastutaH kalpita hai vAstavika nahIM, go-azva Adi meM rahanevAlI sattA hI mahAsAmAnya ( Summum genus ) yA jAti hai / gotva Adi jo apara ( nIce ke ) sAmAnya haiM, vAstava meM usa ( mahAsAmAnya ) se bhinna nahIM haiN| go kI sattA ( sabhI govyaktiyoM meM anusyUta sattA ) hI gotva hai, isake atirikta koI dUsarA sambandhI pratibhAsita nahIM hotA / isI taraha azva kI sattA hI azvatva hai, dUsarA kucha nahIM - - aisA kahanA cAhie / isa prakAra go Adi ( AdhAra ) ke bheda ke kAraNa bhinna pratIta honevAlI usI sattA arthAt jAti meM go Adi sabhI zabda vAcaka ke rUpa meM vyavasthita haiM / [ rAmAnuja-darzana meM bhI sabhI zabdoM ko paramAtmA kA hI vAcaka mAnA gayA hai, dekhie - rA0 da0 anuccheda 12, pR0 206 / ] prAtipadikArthazca satteti prasiddham / bhAvavacano dhAturiti pakSe bhAvaH sattaiveti dhAtvarthaH sattA bhavatyeva / kriyAvacano dhAturiti pakSe'pi 'jAtimanye kriyAmAhuranekavyaktirvArtanIm' iti kriyAsamuddeze ( vA0 pa0 3 / 8 ) kriyAyA jAtirUpatvapratipAdanAddhAtvarthaH sattA bhavatyeva / isa prakAra prAtipadikArtha ko sattA bhI kahate haiM yaha to prasiddha hI hai / [ aba dhAtvartha ko sattA kaise kahate haiM, yaha dekheM ] 'dhAtu vaha hai jo bhAva kA vAcaka ho / ' yadi yaha lakSaNa mAnate haiM taba to bhAva ke sattA hone ke kAraNa dhAtvartha ko sattA kaheMge hii| yadi dhAtu kA dUsarA lakSaNa dete haiM ki kriyA kA vAcaka dhAtu hai taba to 'kucha loga aneka vyaktiyoM ( Individuals ) meM vidyamAna rahanevAlI kriyA ko jAti kahate haiM' isa prakAra bhartRhari ne jo vAkyapadIya ke kriyA-samuddeza ( 318) meM kriyA ko jAti kA rUpa mAnA hai usI se siddha hotA hai ki dhAtvartha bhI sattA hai / [ sabhI pAcaka - vyaktiyoM meM avasthita jo pAcakatva-jAti hai vahI pacana kriyA hai, isa prakAra vaha bhI jAti yA sattA hai hI / ] 'tasya bhAvastvatalau' ( pA0 sU0 5 / 1 / 119 ) iti bhAvArthesTa lA dInAM vidhAnAtsattAvAcitvaM yuktam / sA ca sattA udayavyayavaidhuryA tyA / sarvasya prapaJcasya tadvivartatayA dezataH kAlato vastutazca paricchedarA' hatyAtsA sattA mahAnAtmeti vyapadizyata iti kArikAdvayArthaH / 'kisI padArtha kA bhAva -- isa artha meM tva aura tala pratyaya hote haiM' ( pA0 sU0 5|1| 119 ) isa sUtra ke dvArA bhAva ke artha meM honevAle tva, tala aura anya pratyayoM kA bhI vidhAna karane se, ye pratyaya sattAvAcaka haiM, aisA kahanA yuktisaMgata hai / utpatti aura vinAza se rahita hone ke kAraNa yaha sattA nitya hai / yaha sArA prapaJca ( saMsAra, usake padArtha ) usa sattA ke hI vivarta ( pratibhAsita rUpa ) haiM, vaha sattA deza ke pariccheda se rahita hai ( sthAna

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518 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe kI sImA meM nahIM bAMdhI jA sakatI - sarvatra hone ke kAraNa vaha vyApaka hai ), kAla kI sImA bhI usameM nahIM ( kyoMki nitya hai ) tathA vastu kA bandhana bhI usa para nahIM hai [ ki yaha sattA kisI eka hI vastu meM hai - yaha to sabhI vastuoM kA AdhAra hai kyoMki vastuoM aura sattA meM abheda-sambandha hai ], isalie isa sattA ko 'mahAna AtmA' aisA kahakara pukArate haiM / [ yaha prapaMca mahAn yA anAdi hai, sattA meM hI avabhAsita hotA hai ataH tIna prakAra ke paricchedoM (Limitaions ) se rahita hone ke kAraNa 'brahma' ke rUpa meM hI hai / ] yahI donoM kArikAoM ( vA0 pa0 3 / 1 / 33-34 ) kA artha hai | vizeSa - smaraNIya hai ki mAdhavAcArya vAkyapadIya kA pANini-darzana kA adhAragrantha mAnate haiM, kyoMki pramANa dene meM yA dArzanika tathyoM ko samajhAne meM ve bAra-bAra usI kA ullekha karate haiM / vastutaH bhartRhari ne ( 660 I0 ) mahAbhASya meM vizRMkhalita dArzanika vicAradhArAoM ko saMkalita karake pANini vyAkaraNa kA eka darzana kA rUpa de diyA / inakA vAkyapadIya hI bhaTTojidIkSita ( 1578 I0 ) kI kRti -- vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntakArikA -- kA upajIvya thA / dIkSita kI ukta kRti para koNDabhaTTa ( 1640 I0 ) ne vaiyAkaraNa-bhUSaNa nAma kI TIkA likhI / nAgeza bhaTTa ( 1714 I0 ) ne vyAkaraNa ke anya granthoM ke atirikta pANini-darzana para apanI maJjUSAeM ( bRhat, laghu aura paramalaghu ) prastuta kI / ina saboM ne prAyaH nimnalikhita viSayoM para vicAra prakaTa kiye the - sphoTa, zakti, vAkyArtha, dhAtvartha, lakArArtha, kAraka, prAtipadikArtha, samAsAdi kI vRttiyA~ Adi / kucha vaiyAkaraNoM tathA neyAyikoM ne bhI inameM ekAdha viSaya ko lekara apane svatantra grantha bhI likhe the / yaha pANinidarzana kI rUparekhA thI / mAdhavAcArya ne sabhI viSayoM para 'darzana' meM vicAra nahIM kiyA hai | duHkha hai ki abhI taka ye sabhI vicAra dUsarI bhASAoM ke pAThakoM taka nahIM pahu~ce / baMgalA meM eka bahuta hI praur3ha grantha 'vyAkaraNadarzanera itihAsa' ( prathama khaNDa ) zrIgurupada hAladAra ne likhA hai jisameM vyAkaraNa ke vyAvahArika aura saiddhAntika donoM pakSoM para sulajhe aura vistRta vicAra diye gaye haiM / aMgarejI meM prabhAtacandra cakravartI kA Philo sophy of Grammar ( 'vyAkaraNa-darzana' ) pI-eca0 DI0 kI thIsisa hai jisameM kucha praznoM kA sAmAnya vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai / DA0 kapiladeva dvivedI kI thIsisa 'arthavijJAna aura vyAkaraNa-darzana' bhI isa dizA kA stutya prayAsa hai, para ye sabhI grantha sAmAnya dRSTikoNa se - vyAkaraNa ko darzana mAnakara nahIM likhe gaye haiM / ( 10. dravya ko padArtha mAnanevAloM kA vicAra ) dravyapadArthavAdino'pi naye saMvillakSaNaM tattvameva sarvazabdArtha iti sambandhasamuddeze samarthitam - 15. satyaM vastu tadAkArarasatyaM ravadhAryate / asatyopAdhibhiH zabdaH satyamevAbhidhIyate // ( vA0 pa0 3 / 1 / 2 )

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pANini- vanam 519 [ Upara jAti ko padArtha mAnanevAloM kA vicAra diyA gayA hai ki jAti sattA se bhinna nahIM hai, isalie paramArtha-jJAna ke rUpa meM sattA hI sabhI zabdoM kA artha hai| aba vyakti arthAt dravya ko padArtha mAnanevAle logoM ke mata se bhI artha vahI hai, yaha kahate haiM-] dravya ( = ghaTAdi vyakti ) ko padArtha mAnanevAloM ke siddhAnta ke anusAra bhI sabhI zabdoM kA artha vaha tattva ( sattA nAmaka) hI hai jo saMvit arthAt nirvikalpaka jJAna se lakSita hotA hai / [ ghaTAdi padArthoM ke vyakti ( Individual ) rUpa ko dravya kahate haiM / buddha ke vyavahAra se jaba zaktigraha hotA hai taba 'gAya lAo, ghor3e bAMdha do' Adi vAkyoM ke dvArA, vibhinna kriyAoM ke viSaya ke rUpa meM AnevAle vyakti-rUpoM ke hI darzana hote haiM, jAti ke nhiiN| ataH ina logoM ke anusAra jAti se viziSTa vyakti (dravya) hI zabda kA artha hai|] ukta tathya kA samarthana bhartRhari ne vAkyapadIya ke sambandhasamudeza ( 3 / 2 / 2 ) meM kiyA hai-'jisa prakAra satya vastu kA nizcaya usI ke AkAra se yukta asatya vastuoM ke dvArA kiyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra asatya ( dravyAtmaka ) upAdhiyoM ke dvArA zabda bhI satya kA hI nirdeza karate haiN|' [ jaise kisI vyakti ne vAstavika siMha nahIM dekhA ho, use siMha kA AkAra-prakAra samajhane ke lie siMha kA citra yA mUrti dikhalAte haiM / yadyapi citra yA mUrti kA siMha satya nahIM, asatya hI hai, parantu usI se sacce siMha kA nizcaya kara lete haiM ki vaha aisA hI hotA hai| usI prakAra ye dravya kevala upAdhiyAM haiM, padArtha-bodha ke sahAyaka haiM tathA asatya haiM; kintu inhIM dravyoM ke dvArA zabda anta meM hameM satya taka-arthAt mahAsattA hI saba zabdoM kA artha hai vahA~ taka-pahuMcA detA hai / ] vizeSa-bhartRhari ne ThIka aisI hI bhAvanA isa zloka meM bhI kI hai upAyAH zikSyamANAnAM bAlAnAmupalAlanAH / asatye vartmani sthitvA tataH satyaM samIhate // arthAt vyAkaraNazAstra vAstava meM upAya ( sAdhana ) hai| jaise sIkhanevAle bAlakoM ke lie upalAlana ( lAr3a-pyAra ) kA prayoga hotA hai, isa prakAra asatya mArga se hokara kucha dinoM ke bAda bAlaka satya mArga para pahuMca jAtA hai| vaha samajha letA hai ki upalAlana eka bahAnA hai, satya to adhyayana hai / ( vAkya0 21240 ) / 16. adhraveNa nimittena devadattagahaM yathA / ___ gRhItaM gahazabdena zuddhamevAbhidhIyate // bhASyakAreNApi 'siddhezabdArthasambandhe' ityetadvAtikavyAkhyAnAvasare dravyaM hi nityamityanena granthenAsatyopAdhyavacchinnaM brahmatattvaM dravyazabdavAcyaM sarvazabdArtha iti nirUpitam / "adhruva yA asthAyI nimitta ke dvArA 'yaha devadatta kA ghara hai' aisA grahaNa hotA hai, parantu 'gRha' zabda se zuddha-gRha kA hI bodha hotA hai (nimittayukta gRha kA nahIM ) / "

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520 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe [ abhiprAya yaha hai ki kisI vyakti ke dvArA devadatta kA ghara pUchane para dUsarA kahatA hai ki kaue vAlA ghara devadatta kA hai| yadyapi ko ghara para asthira hI hai, parantu usa nimitta ( kAraNa, saMketa ) se devadatta ke ghara kA patA laga jAtA hai| kintu gRha zabda se kAkarahita gRha kA hI bodha hotA hai -jo lakSya hai| usI taraha go, ghaTa Adi zabdoM se vyakti ( govyakti, ghaTavyakti ) jo Age rakhakara usI ke mAdhyama se ina vyaktiyoM (nimittoM) se rahita 'sattA' para pahu~cate haiM jo satya tattva hai| kisI bhI dazA meM zabda sattA ke hI bodhaka haiN|] ___'siddhe zabdArthasambandhe' (zabda, artha tathA unakA sambandha siddha haiM )-isa vAttika ( saM0 1 ) ke vyAkhyAna ke samaya bhASyakAra ne 'dravya cUMki nitya hai' yaha kahate hue nirUpita kiyA hai ki asatya upAdhiyoM se vyApta brahmatattva, jo dravya zabda ke dvArA abhihita hotA hai, sabhI zabdoM kA artha hai| [jaba AzaMkA kI jAtI hai ki kyA pANini ne zabda, artha aura unake sambandha kI sRSTi kI hai yA kevala smaraNa kiyA hai taba uttara meM ukta vAttika rakhA jAtA hai| siddha = nitya / zabda, artha aura unakA sambandha nitya hai unake jJApana ke lie hI pANini pravRtta hue haiN| artha ke viSaya meM pakSa ho sakate haiM-jAti artha hai yA vyakti ? donoM pakSoM meM artha nitya hI rahatA hai| jAti ko padArtha mAnane para to jAti sattA hai, isalie vaha nitya hai ho / sattA ke atirikta jAti ko alaga mAnanevAle (neyAyikAdi ) bhI jAti ko nitya ho mAnate haiM / yadi dravya ko padArtha mAneM to pataJjali ne bhASya (pR0 7) meM kahA hai-'dravyaM hi nityam' / aba yadi dravya se go, ghaTa Adi pArthiva dravya kA artha leMge taba to ye anitya haiM, ataH pataJjali kI bAta jhUThI ho jaaygii| isalie keyaTa ne kahA hai ki asatya upAdhi se avacchinna brahmatattva hI yahAM 'dravya' zabda se samajhanA cAhie / jAti, vyakti donoM hI pakSoM meM paramArtha-saMvit se lakSita brahma kI sattA hI sabhI zabdoM kA artha hai / ukta vAttika se mAlUma hotA hai ki artha se yukta zabda bhI nitya hI hai| ataH sphoTa ke rUpa meM jo zabda hai vahI vAcaka hai, varNoM ke rUpa meM rahane vAlI anitya dhvani nahIM / jaisA ki pahale kaha cuke haiM dhvani kevala vyaMjaka hai jo sphoTa ko abhivyakti karatI hai--vAcakatA to sphoTa zabda meM hI hai| ataH sphoTa siddha ho gyaa|] ( 11. jAti aura vyakti ko padArtha mAnanevAloM ke vicAra ) jAtizabdArthavAcino vAjapyAyanasya mate gavAdayaH zabdA bhinnadravyasamavetajAtimabhidadhati / tasyAmavagAmAnAyAM tatsambandhAd dravyamavagamyate / zuklAdayaH zabdA guNasamavetAM jAtimAcakSate / guNe tatsambandhAtpratyayaH / dravye sambandhisambandhAt /

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pANini-darzanama 521 'jAti ko hI zabdArtha mAnanevAle vAjapyAyana meM anusAra, 'go' Adi zabda bhinnabhinna dravyoM meM ( saMjJAoM yA vyaktiyoM) meM samaveta jAti kA hI abhidhAna karate haiM / jAti maiM avagAhana karane ke bAda ( = jAti kI pratIti hone para ) usake sambandha se dravya kA jJAna hotA hai / zukla Adi guNa se samaveta jAti kA hI abhidhAna karate haiN| usake sAtha sambandha hone se guNa kI pratIti hotI hai / dravya kI pratIti to [ usa prakAra kI jAti ke ] sambandhI guNa ke sambandha se hotI 1 vizeSa - vAjapyAyana jAti ko padArtha mAnate haiM, vyADi vyakti ko / pANini ke mata se donoM hI padArtha haiN| ina pakSoM kA varNana bhI yathAsthAna prApta hogA / zabdoM ke cAra bheda hote haiM -jAti, guNa, saMjJA aura kriyA / ye bheda pravRtti-nimitta ( zabdoM ke vyavahAra ke kAraNa ) meM bheda par3ane ke kAraNa hote haiM / jo zabda jAti ke vyavahAra kA kAraNa ho vaha jAti-zabda hai, aadi-aadi| inake udAharaNa 'goH, zuklaH, DitthaH tathA cala: ' haiM / eka hI vyakti 'go' para ye cAroM zabda prayukta hote haiM / usa vyakti ( Individual ) go meM gotva jAti jAnakara 'gau' zabda kA prayoga karate haiM / usI go-vyakti meM zukla guNa ko jAnakara 'zukla' zabda kA prayoga ( pravRtti ) karate haiM / usI meM calana-kriyA dekhakara 'cala : ' zabda kI pravRtti hotI hai aura usI vyakti kI 'Diltha' saMjJA ( Name ) dekhakara 'Dittha : ' zabda kI pravRtti bhI hotI hai / aba isa para aneka mata hoNge| pravRtti kA nimitta jAtyAdi haiM aura ve hI una-una zabdoM ke vAcya artha haiM / vyakti usI para Azrita hai ataH usakI pratIti AkSepa ( Projection ) Adi sAdhanoM se hI hotI hai / eka yaha mata hai jisake anuyAyI vAjapyAyana haiM, kintu ve yaha mAnate haiM ki cAroM pravRtti ke nimitta nahIM haiM kintu sabhI zabda jAti ke rUpa meM hI haiM / dUsarA vaha mata hai jisameM kahA jAtA hai ki pravRttinimitta aneka vyaktiyoM ( Individuals ) meM anugamana karatA hai, ataH kevalaM unakA upalakSaNa ( saMketamAtra ) hai / vyakti hI vAcyArtha hai / tIsare mata meM pravRtti - nimitta se jAtiviziSTa vyakti ko vAcyArthaM mAnate haiM / vAjapyAyana ke mata kA vizleSaNa kareM - artha kevala jAti hI hai / aneka go-vyaktiyoM meM samaveta ( Inherent nitya rUpa se sambaddha ) gotvajAti hI 'go' kA pravRttinimitta hai | vaha ( jAti ) hI usakA vAcyArtha hai / ghaTAdi meM vartamAna jo zukla guNa hai usameM bhI zuklatvajAti hai jo 'zukla' zabda kA pravRttinimitta hai / vaha zuklatva ( jAti ) hI 'zukla' zabda kA vAcyArtha hai / 'zukla' zabda se zukla-guNa kI pratIti usI jAti ke sambandha se hotI hai / zukla guNa se viziSTa ghaTAdi dravya kI pratIti ( = ujale ghar3e kA jJAna ) 'zukla' zabda se hotI hai arthAt zuklatva jAti ke sambandhI 'zukla' guNa ke sambandha se hotI hai ( dravye sambandhisambandhAt ) /

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe usI prakAra aneka 'calana' kriyAoM meM vidyamAna calanatva jAti 'cala' zabda kA pravRtti - nimitta hai aura vaha jAti ho usakA vAcyArtha hai / 'cala' zabda se calana kriyA kI pratIti uparyukta ( calanatva ) jAti ke sambandha se hI hotI hai / kriyA ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM devadatta Adi ( devadattaH calati - vAkya meM ) kA bodha usa jAti kI sambandhI kriyA ke sambandha se hI hotI hai / 'Ditya' nAma kA pazu yadyapi eka hI hai parantu zezava, yauvana Adi avasthAoM ke bheda se usa prakAra ke aneka vyaktiyoM meM vidyamAna Ditthatva jAti hI 'Dilya' zabda kA pravRttinimitta hai, vahI usakA vAcyArthaM hai / vyakti kA bodha Ditthatva ke Azraya yA AdhAra ke rUpa meM hotA hai / isa prakAra vAjapyAyana ke mata se jAti hI vAcyArtha hai / 522 saMjJAzabdAnAmutpattiprabhUtyA vinAzacchaMzavakaumArayauvanAdyavasthAdibheve'pi sa evAyamityabhinnapratyayabalAtsiddhA devadattatvAdijAtirabhyupagantavyA / kriyAsvapi jAtirAlakSyate / saMva dhAtuvAcyA / pacatItyAdAvanuvRttapratyayasya prAdurbhAvAt / saMjJA - zabdoM ( Proper names ) meM utpatti se lekara vinAza paryanta zezava, kaumAra, yauvana Adi avasthAoM kA bheda par3ane para bhI, 'yaha vahI hai' - isa taraha ke abheda kI pratIti hotI hai jisase devadattatvAdi jAti siddha hotI hai / kriyAoM meM bhI jAti kI hI pratIti hotI hai aura use hI 'dhAtu' nAma se pukArate haiM / 'pacati' ityAdi kriyAoM meM sabhI meM kriyA ke anuvRtta hone kI pratIti hotI hai ( jitane loga pAka kara rahe haiM una saboM meM 'pacati' kA hI anuvartana hotA hai ) / dravyapadArthavAdivyADinaye zabdasya vyaktirevAbhidheyatayA pratibhAsate / jAtistupalakSaNatayeti nAnantyAdidoSAvakAzaH / dravya ( vyakti ) ko padArtha mAnanevAle vyADi -AcArya ke mata se abhidheya ke rUpa meM zabda kA vyakti hI pratibhAsita hotA hai [ jAti nahIM ] / jAti to kevala upalakSaNa yA saMketa ke rUpa meM pratibhAsita hotI hai ataH vyakti ke Anantya Adi kA doSa isa para nahIM laga sakatA / [ aisI zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki ananta go-vyakti hone ke kAraNa 'go' zabda kA artha jAnanA kaThina hai / kintu uttara yaha hogA ki gotva-jAti se sabhI go-vyaktiyoM kA jJAna ho jAyagA / aisI dazA meM gotva-jAti govyakti kA upalakSaNa hai, vAcyarthaM nahIM / ] ( 12. pANini ke mata se padArtha - jAti vyakti donoM hai ) pANinyAcAryasyobhayaM sammatam / yato jAtipadArthamabhyupagamya 'jAtyAkhyAyAmekasminbahuvacanamanyatarasyAm' ( pA0 sU0 1 / 2 / 58 ) ityAdivyavahAraH / dravyapadArthamaGgIkRtya 'sarUpANAmekazeSa ekavibhaktau' ( pA0 sU0

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pAvini-parzanam 523 1 / 2 / 64 ) ityAdiH / vyAkaraNasya sarvapArSadatvAnmatadvayAbhyupagame na kazcivirodhaH / tasmAvadvayaM satyaM paraM brahma tatvaM sarvazamdArtha iti sthitam / AcArya pANini ko [ zabdArtha rUpa meM jAti aura dravya yA vyakti ] donoM hI mAnya hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jAti ko padArtha mAnakara unhoMne 'jatyAkhyAyAm-'" (arthAta jAti kA varNana karane para ekavacana zabda vikalpa se bahubacana hotA hai-pA0 sa0 1 / 2 / 58 ) ityAdi sUtroM kA prayoga kiyA hai| [ Upara ke sUtra ke udAharaNa meM 'brAhmaNaH pUjyaH' aura 'brAhmaNAH pUjyAH' dete haiM jinakA artha hai ki brAhmaNa jAti pUjya hai / yahA~ brAhmaNa zabda kA artha hai brAhmaNatva jAti / ataH pANini ko jAti padArtha mAnya hai|] dravya ko padArtha mAnakara pANini ne 'sarUpANAm -' ( arthAt eka samAna vibhakti meM rahanevAle jitane sarUpa zabda haiM unameM eka hI zabda baca rahatA hai-pA0 sU0 1 / 2 / 64 ) ityAdi likhA hai| [ udAharaNa hai-rAmazca rAmazca raamo| yadi yaha sUtra nahIM hotA to 'ghaTazca paTazca ghaTapaTI' kI taraha dvandvasamAsa meM yahA~ bhI 'rAmarAmo' hotA / vyakti aneka hote haiM isalie unake anusAra kaI 'rAma' zabdoM kA prayoga eka hI sAtha hotA-use rokane ke lie yaha ekazeSavidhAyaka sUtra hai| kisI bhI dazA meM vyakti ko padArtha mAnane kA zreya isa sUtra ko prApta hai / ] vyAkaraNa-zAstra sabhI sabhAsadoM ke lie samAna hai ataH donoM matoM ko mAna lene meM koI virodha kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| [ vyAkaraNa sabhI logoM ke matoM para dhyAna rakhatA hai, janatAntrika hai ataH sabhI matoM ko mAnA jA sakatA hai| hAM, unameM paraspara virodha na ho|] isa prakAra yaha siddha huA ki advaita, satya tathA parama ( sarvocca ) brahmatattva ho sabhI zabdoM kA artha hai| cAhe vaha jAti pakSa ho yA vyakti-pakSa / jAti-pakSa meM gotvAdi jAtiyoM ko brahma kI sattA se pRthak mAnate hI nhiiN| vyakti (dravya )-pakSa meM asatya vyakti kI upAdhi ke dvArA satya brahmatattva kA pratipAdana hotA hai|) taduktam (vA0pa0 3 / 3 / 87 ) 17. tasmAcchaktivibhAgena satyaH sarvaH sadAtmakaH / eko'rthaH zabdavAcyatve bahurUpaH prakAzate // iti / satyasvarUpamapi hariNoktaM sambandhasamuddeze ( 72 ) 18. yatra draSTA ca dRzyaM ca darzanaM cAvikalpitam / tasyaivArthasya satyatvamAhustrayyantavedinaH // iti / dravyasamuddeze'pi ( vA0pa0 3 / 2 / 15) 19. vikArApagame satyaM suvarNa kuNDale ythaa| vikArApagamo yatra tAmAhuH prakRti parAm // iti /

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe aisA hI kahA gayA hai - ' isalie zakti ( zabdArthaM bodha karAnevAlI zakti ) kA vibhAga karane se jaba zabda ke vAcyatva kI avasthA AtI hai taba vahI ekAtmaka arthaM jo satya, sarvavyApaka tathA sadrUpa hai, bahuta rUpoM meM prakAzita ho jAtA hai / ' ( vibhinna zabdoM kI sAmarthya kA vibhAjana karane para ve zabda vAcyArtha kA bodha karAte haiM kintu ye sAre artha usa ekAtmaka satya brahmasattA ke hI AbhAsa haiM / ) 524 bhartRhari ne sambandha - samuddeza meM artha ke satyasvarUpakA varNana bhI kiyA hai- 'trayI (veda) ke anta ( vedAnta ) ko jAnanevAloM kA kahanA hai ki jahA~ draSTA ( dekhanevAlA ), dRzya ( vastu ) tathA darzana ( kriyA ) - ina tInoM kI kalpanA nahIM rahatI hai, usI [ AtmArUpI ekAtmaka ] artha ko satya kahate haiM / / 18 // dravyasamuddeza meM bhI ve kahate haiM- 'jo vikAra kI avasthA Ane para bhI saccA hI banA rahe jaise kuNDala bana jAne para bhI svarNa kI sattA rahatI hai tathA jisameM vikAra kA AnA-jAnA hotA rahe use hI parama prakRti kahate haiM // 19 // ' ( 13. advaita brahmatattva kI siddhi ) abhyupagatAdvitIyatva nirvAhAya vAcyavAcakayoravibhAgaH ( vA0 pa0 3 / 2 / 16 ) - pradazitaH 20. vAcyA sA sarvazabdAnAM zabdAcca na pRthaktataH / sambandhastayorjIvAtmanoriva // iti / apRthaktve'pi tattadupAdhiparikalpitabhedabahulatayA vyavahArasyAvidyAmAtrakalpitatvena pratiniyatAkAropadhIyamAnarUpabhedaM brahmatattvaM sarvazabdaviSayaH / abhede ca pAramArthike saMvRtivazAd vyavahAradazAyAM svapnAvasthAvaduccAvacaH prapaJco vivartata iti kArikArthaH / Upara siddha kiye gaye advaita tattva ke nirvAha ke lie vAcya ( brahmasattA ) aura vAcaka ( sphoTa ) meM abheda bhI dikhAyA gayA hai - ' vaha ( brahmasattA ) sabhI zabdoM kA vAcya hai, vaha usa ( nityasphoTarUpI ) zabda se pRthak nahIM hai | pRthak na hone para bhI donoM kA sambandha jIva aura paramAtmA kI taraha hai / ' [ yadyapi brahmasattA aura sphoTa eka hI haiM, para kalpanA ke kAraNa una donoM kA pArasparika sambandha pratibhAsita hotA hai / jIva aura paramAtmA eka hI hai, parantu kalpanA se hI vyavahAradazA meM niyAmya- niyAmaka bhAva kA sambandha pratibhAsita hotA hai / usI prakAra sphoTa aura brahmasattA kA sambandha hai jo kAlpanika hai / ] brahmatattva hI sabhI zabdoM kA viSaya ( vAcya ) hai; usa ( brahmatattva ) meM pratyeka vastu ke nizcita AkAra ke anusAra rUpa ke bhedoM kA AropaNa hotA hai, kintu yaha una vastuoM kI upAdhiyoM ( Conditions ) ke dvArA kalpita bhedoM ke bAhulya ke kAraNa tathA vyavahAra

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pANini-darzanam 525 dazA ko kevala avidyA mAna lene ke kAraNa hotA hai| cUMki abheda pAramArthika (vAstavika) hai, ataH saMvRti ( AvaraNa, kalpanA ) ke kAraNa, vyavahAra-dazA meM, svapnAvasthA kI taraha, nAnA prakAra ke prapaMca (vistArapUrNa vastue~ ) bhrama se dikhalAI par3ate haiM / yahI ukta kArikA ( vAkya0 3 / 2 / 16 ) kA artha hai| tavAhurvedAntavAdanipuNAH. 21. yathA svapnaprapaJco'yaM mayi mAyAvijRmbhitaH / / evaM jAgratprapaJco'pi mayi mAyAvijRmbhitaH // iti / taditthaM kUTasthe parasminbrahmaNi saccidAnandarUpe pratyagabhinna'vagatesnAdyavidyAnivato tAdRgbrahmAtmanAvasthAnalakSaNaM niHzreyasa setsyati / use vedAnta-mata ke vizeSajJoM ne vyakta kiyA hai-'jaise yaha svapna kA prapaJca mere andara kI mAyA kI vRddhi ke kAraNa hai vaise hI yaha jAgRtAvasthA kA prapaJca bhI mere andara kI mAyA kI vRddhi ke kAraNa hI hai| [ jAgRtAvasthA ke stara se hama svapna kI bAtoM ko mithyA mAnate haiM vaise hI pAramArthika dazA ke stara se jAgRtAvasthA kI cIjoM ko bhI mithyA hI kahanA caahie|' to isa prakAra kUTastha, parabrahma jo saccidAnanda ke rUpa meM tathA jIva (pratyak ) se abhinna haiM, unheM jAna lene para anAdikAla se calI AnevAlI avidyA kI nivRtti ho jAtI hai tathA usa niHzreyasa kI prApti hotI hai jisameM sAdhaka brahma ke rUpa meM avasthita ho jAtA hai| ( 14. vyAkaraNa se mokSa prApti ) 'zabdabrahmaNi niSNAtaH paraM brahmAdhigacchati' ( mahAbhArata, zA0pa0 a0 270 ) itybhiyuktoktH| tathA ca zabdAnuzAsanazAstrasya niHzreyasasAdhanatvaM siddham / taduktam 22. tad dvAramapavargasya vAGmalAnAM cikitsitam / ____ pavitraM sarvavidyAnAmadhividyaM pracakSate // ( vAkyapadIyam / 1 / 14) iti / tathA 23. idamAdyaM padasthAnaM siddhisopAnaparvaNAm / iyaM sA mokSamANAnAmajihmA rAjapaddhatiH // (vAkya0 1116 ) iti / tasmAd vyAkaraNazAstraM paramapuruSArthasAdhanatayA'dhyetavyamiti siddham / iti zrImatsAyaNamAdhavIye sarvadarzanasaMgrahe pANinidarzanam //

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe . bar3e logoM kA bhI kahanA hai ki zabdabrahma meM pravINa hokara puruSa parabrahma ( mokSa, brahmasAyujya ) kI prApti karatA hai / ( mahAbhArata, zAntiparva adhyAya 270 / isa taraha zabdAnuzAsana ( vyAkaraNa ) zAstra mokSa kA sAdhana hai, yaha siddha hotA hai / vahI kahA bhI hai'vaha ( vyAkaraNa - zAstra ) apavarga kA sAdhana hai, [ pApa ko utpanna karanevAle apazabdarUpI ] vANI ke maloM kI cikitsA karanevAlA hai, sabhI vidyAoM meM pavitra hai tathA sabhI vidyAoM meM isakI pUcha hai' ( vAkya 0 1 14 ) / [ cU~ki sabhI zAstroM meM artha zabdoM se hI liyA jAtA hai aura zabda kA saMskAra vyAkaraNa ke adhIna hai ataH saboM ko prakAzita karanevAlA vyAkaraNa hI hai / ] usI taraha -- 'yaha ( vyAkaraNa ) siddhi ke sopAna khaNDoM meM pahalA sopAna hai-- mokSa prApta karanevAloM ke lie to yaha sIdhI sar3aka hI hai / ' ( vahI, 1 / 16 ) | ataH parama puruSArtha (mokSa) ke upAya ke rUpa meM vyAkaraNazAstra kA adhyayana karanA cAhiye- -yaha siddha huA / isa prakAra sAyaNa - mAdhava ke sarvadarzanasaMgraha meM pANini-darzana samApta huA / iti bAlakavinomAzaGkareNa racitAyAM sarvadarzanasaMgrahasya prakAzAkhyAyAM vyAkhyAyAM pANinidarzanamavasitam // 526

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tasvadvayaM sa puruSaH prakRti dvatIyA 14 sAMkhya-darzanam dhatte guNAnapi ca sattvarajastamAMsi / sarva jagaccalati tatpariNAmarUpaM tatsAMkhyakA ramiha taM kapilaM namAmi // RSiH / ( 1. sAMkhya darzana ke tattva ) atha sAMkhyaM rAkhyAte pariNAmavAde paripanthini jAgarUke kathaMkAraM vivataMvAda : AdaraNIyo bhavet / eSa hi tessaamaaghossH| saMkSepeNa hi sAMkhyazAstre catasro vidhA: sambhAvyante / kazcidarthaH prakRtireva, kazcidvikRtiprakRtizca, kazcidvikRtireva kazcivanubhaya iti / sAMkhya- dArzanikoM kA kahA huA pariNAmavAda hai, isa virodhI siddhAnta ke jage rahane para bhI [ pANini-darzana kA ] vivartavAda kaise sammAnita ho sakatA hai ?- - una sAMkhyoM kA yahI nArA hai / saMkSepa meM sAMkhya-zAstra meM [ kahe gaye padArthoM ke ] cAra prakAra ho sakate haiMkucha padArthaM kevala prakRti ( mUla rUpa hai ), kucha prakRti aura vikRti donoM haiM, kucha kevala vikRti hI haiM aura kucha padArtha donoM meM se kucha bhI nahIM ( = puruSa ) / vizeSa - jaba sattAyukta ( Existent ) dravya eka avasthA ko chor3akara dUsarI avasthA meM praveza karatA hai taba isa kriyA ko pariNAma yA vikAsa ( Evoluton ) kahate haiM, sAMkhyoM kA mata hai ki prakRti Adi tattva apane-apane kArya ke rUpa meM pariNata hote haiN| kArya kI sattA kAraNa ke rUpa meM hai jo nimitta kAraNa ke vyApAra se abhivyakta ho jAtA hai / ise satkAryavAda kahate haiM / isI ke AdhAra para ye loga pariNAmavAda bhI mAnate haiM / isameM kAraNa kI avasthA tathA kAryAvasthA, donoM dazAoM meM dravya sattAyukta hI rahatA hai / vikAra, pariNAma, vikAsa, abhivyakti, satkArya - ye ekArthaka zabda haiM, inameM kisI vAda se sAMkhya kA hI bodha hotA hai / vivartavAda pariNAmavAda kA ulaTA hai / jaba dravya apanA pahalA rUpa na chor3e kintu kisI bhinna asat rUpa meM dikhalAI par3e to ise vivarta kahate haiM, jaise rasso ( mUla rUpa ) kA sA~pa ke rUpa meM dikhalAI par3anA / isameM vAstavika parivartana nahIM hotA kintu bhrAnti se vaMsA rUpAntara kevala pratIti hotA hai / vaiyAkaraNa tathA adveta vedAntI loga vivartavAda mAnate haiN| unakA kahanA brahma adhiSThAna ( AdhAra, mUla tattva ) hai, yaha sampUrNa saMsAra usI brahma kA vivarta hai - bhrAnti se pratIta hotA hai ki yaha jagat

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528 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe brahma se pRthak hai, yahAM nAnA prakAra kI sattAeM haiM Adi / vaiyAkaraNa zabdatattva ko hI brahma kahate haiM, yaha dUsarI bAta hai / vedAntasAra meM sadAnanda ne donoM vAdoM kA antara bahuta saMkSipta aura sundara rUpa meM spaSTa kiyA hai satattvato'nyathA prathA vikAra ityudIritaH / atattvato'nyathA prathA vivarta ityudIritaH // tattva ke sAtha ( vAstava meM ) dUsare rUpa meM samajhanA vikAra hai, tattva ke binA ( bhrama ) dUsare rUpa meM samajhanA vivarta kahalAtA hai / . ( 2. prakRti kA artha ) tatra kevalA prakRtiH pradhAnapadena vedanIyA muulprkRtiH| nAsAvanyatya kasyacid vikRtiH| prakarotIti prakRtiriti vyutpattyA sattvarajastamoguNAnAM sAmyAvasthAyA abhidhAnAt / taduktaM-'mUlaprakRtiravikRtiH' ( sA0 kA0 3 ) iti / mUlaM cAsau prakRtizca mUlaprakRtiH / mahadAdeH kAkaryalApasyAsau mUlaM na tvasya pradhAnasya mUlAntaramasti / anavasthApAtAt / na ca bojAGakuravadanavasthAdoSo na bhavatIti vAcyam / pramANAbhAvAditi bhaavH| inameM kevala prakRti kA artha hai 'pradhAna' ke nAma se pukArI jAnevAlI mUla-prakRti / yaha kisI bhI dUsare padArtha kI vikRti ( vikAra ) nahIM hai / prakRSTa rUpa se ( tattvoM kA utpAdana karate hue ) kArya kare (pra+ V ) vahI prakRti hai--isa prakAra kI vyutpatti (nirvacana ) se 'sattvaguNa, rajoguNa aura tamoguNa kI sAmyAvasthA kA bodha hotA hai' kahA bhI hai'mUla-prakRti binA vikRti ke hI hai' ( sAM0 kA0 3) / vaha isalie mUla prakRti kahalAtI hai ki vaha mUla bhI hai aura prakRti ( utpAdaka ) bhii| mahat Adi kArya-samUha kA mUla ( Root ) vahI prakRti hI hai, kintu isa pradhAna kA koI dUsarA mUla ( kAraNa ) nahIM / [ yadi isa pradhAna ke bhI kAraNa kI khoja kareMge to] anavasthA-doSa hogaa| [ prakRti kA kAraNa khojane para usa kAraNa kA bhI koI dUsarA kAraNa hogA -isa kAraNa-zRGkhalA kA kahIM anta nahIM hogA, isalie kahIM para ThaharanA Avazyaka hai / mUla-prakRti ko hI antima kAraNa mAna lene se anavasthA-doSa nahIM lgegaa| 'bIja aura aMkura meM jisa prakAra anavasthA doSa nahIM lagatA usI prakAra yahAM bhI nahIM hogA'-isA nahIM kahanA cAhie, kyoMki isake lie koI pramANa nahIM milatA yahI abhiprAya hai| [bIja kA kAraNa aMkura hai kintu aMkura kA kAraNa dUsarA hI bIja hai, vaha bIja nahIM / usa bIja kA kAraNa bhI dUsarA hI aMkura hai, vaha aMkura nahIM / isa prakAra

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sAMkhya darzanam 529 anavasthA hone para bhI doSa nahIM hotA, kyoMki pratyeka kI gati meM antara hai / usI prakAra yahA~ bhI anavasthA doSa ke rUpa meM nahIM honI cAhie / isakA uttara yaha hai ki jahA~ pratyakSAdi pramANa se do padArthoM meM paraspara kAryakAraNa-bhAva siddha ho jAtA hai vahA~ 'una donoM padArthoM meM kauna prathama hai' isa prakAra kI jijJAsA hone para pravAha ko anAdi mAna lene se anavasthA-doSa nahIM lagatA / bIjAMkuranyAya ise hI kahate haiM / prastuta sthala meM 'pradhAna yA prakRti kA amuka kAraNa hai' isa taraha kA pramANa kahIM nahIM milatA / isalie kArya-kAraNa-bhAva aprAmANika hai aura anavasthA-doSa ho ho jAyagA / ] vizeSa-prakRti meM do zabda haiM-pra aura kRti / pra kA artha hI prakarSa / dUsare tattva kA Arambha karanA kRti hai / jisa kAraNa se dUsarA tattva utpanna hotA hai use prakRti kahate haiM / miTTI ke ghar3e meM pRthivI se kisI dUsare tattva kI utpatti nahIM hotI, na miTTI hI koI dUsarA tattva (ghar3e ke rUpa meM ) utpanna karatI hai, phira bhI miTTI ko ghar3e kI prakRti kahate haiN| yahA~ prakRti kA artha upAdAna-kAraNa samajhate haiM aura aisA vyavahAra loka meM calatA hai / parantu zAstrIya dRSTi se tattvAntara ko Arambha karanevAlI hI prakRti hotI hai / prakRti se ina padArthoM kA bodha hotA hai-pradhAna ( mUla prakRti ), mahat', ahaMkAra aura pA~ca tnmaatr| inameM prathama pradhAna kevala yA zuddha prakRti hai, pichalI sAta prakRtiyAM samaya para vikRtiyA~ bhI ho jAtI haiM, kyoMki ye mUla-prakRti se utpanna hotI haiM / inakA varNana pIche milegaa| abhI mUla-prakRti kA varNana kreN| __mUla-prakRti kA dUsarA nAma pradhAna bhI hai| tInoM guNoM (satva, rajas aura tamas ) ke rUpa meM yaha pradhAna rahatA hai| pradhAna kI sthiti meM ye tInoM guNa bilkula barAbarabarAbara rahate haiM / isalie una tInoM ko pahacAnanA kaThina ho jAtA hai ki amuka sattva hai aura amuka rajas / isalie vahA~ ( mUla-prakRti meM ) tattvoM kA prayoga na hokara eka tattva kA hI vyavahAra calatA hai| ye tInoM guNa dravya haiM kyoMki na kevala mahat Adi tattvoM ke upAdAna kAraNa haiM, apitu saMyoga aura vibhAga ke Azraya bhI haiM / puruSa ke bhoga ke lie ye sAdhana haiM tathA gauNa rUpa meM haiM, isIlie inheM guNa kahA jAtA hai / aisA nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki ye prakRti ke dharma ( Qualities ) haiM / prakRti ina guNoM se pRthak nahIM haiprakRti kA artha hai tInoM guNoM kI sAmyAvasthA aura tInoM guNoM kI sAmyAvasthA kA artha hai prakRti / donoM meM svarUpa kA sambandha hai / sAMkhya-pravacana-sUtra ( 6 / 39 ) meM likhA haisattvAdInAmataddharmatvaM tadrUpatvAt / 'prakRti ke guNa haiM' aisA vyavahAra 'vana ke vRkSa' kI taraha hI aupacArika ( Formal ) hai| .. 1. gItA ( 1415 ) meM jo kahA hai ki-'sattvaM rajastama iti guNAH prakRti-sambhavAH / ' yahA~ guNa kA artha prakRti ke svarUpa ke rUpa meM gRhIta guNa nahIM hai, kintu ina guNoM ke kArya ke rUpa meM jo vaiSamyAvasthA se yukta sattva Adi haiM unhIM kA bodha isase hotA hai| ye

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe puruSa ke saMyoga se guNoM meM vaiSamya AtA hai / isa dazA meM pratyeka guNa pahacAnane yogya ho jAtA hai / yaha eka prakAra kA pariNAma hai jisameM laghutva, prakAza Adi phala lagate haiM / prakRti kI apekSA vaiSamyAvasthA ke tInoM guNa pRthak ho jAte haiM / kucha sAMkhyoM ne to inakI bhI gaNanA karake apane tattvoM kI saMkhyA aTThAIsa pahu~cA dI hai / sattva Adi guNoM apane svabhAva bhI haiM jo isa prakAra haiM -------- 530 ke kucha sattvaM laghu prakAzakamiSTamupaSTambhakaM calaM ca rajaH / guru varaNakameva tamaH pradIpavaccArthato vRttiH // ( sAM0 kA 0 13 ) sattvaguNa halkA aura isIlie prakAza mAnA jAtA hai, rajoguNa caJcala tathA isIlie uttejaka ( upaSTambhaka ) hai, tamoguNa bhArI ataeva avarodhaka ( niyAmaka ) hai - eka hI prayojana kI siddhi ke lie ye tInoM milakara kAma karate haiM, jaise dIpaka meM agni battI aura tela kA virodhI hai phira bhI tInoM milakara vastuoM ke prakAzana kA kArya karate haiM / sattva halkA hone ke kAraNa apane kArya - indriyoM meM viSaya-grahaNa kI paTutA utpanna karatA hai / isake prakAzaka hone ke kAraNa indriyA~ apane-apane viSayoM kA prakAzana kara letI haiM / rajas svabhAvataH caJcala hai / sattva aura tamas svabhAvataH niSkriya haiM ataH apane Apa pravRtta nahIM hote / pravRtti pradAna karane kA dharma hI 'upaSTambhaka' hai / tamas guru hai jisase isake prakarSa ke kAraNa sattva aura rajas ba~dha jAte haiM, Age cala nahIM pAte / yahI usakA Avaraka yA avarodha dharma hai | sattva ke dharmoM meM sukha, prasAda, prakAza Adi haiM / rajas ke dharma duHkha, kAluSya, pravRtti Adi haiM / tamas ke dharma moha, AvaraNa stambhana Adi haiM / dharma aura dharmo meM abheda mAnakara sattva ko sukhAtmaka, rajas ko duHkhAtmaka tathA tamas ko mohAtmaka bhI kahate haiM / vizeSa jJAna ke lie tattvakaumudI ( vAcaspati mizra ) yA pravacanasUtra bhASya ( vijJAnabhikSu ) ke gata sthala dekheM | ( 3. prakRti aura vikRti se yukta tattva ) vikRtayazca prakRtayazca mahadahaMkAratanmAtrANi / tadapyuktaM 'mahadAdyAH prakRtivikRtayaH sapta' (sA0 kA0 3 ) iti / asyArthaH - prakRtayazca tA vikRtayazceti prakRti vikRtayaH sapta mahadAdIni tattvAni / tatrAntaHkaraNAdipadavedanIyaM mahattattva mahakArasya prakRtiH / mUlaprakRtestu vikRtiH / guNa hI mahat Adi ke kAraNa haiM / yadi prakRti ke svarUpavAle guNoM kA artha hotA to prakRti se utpanna honA sambhava hI nahIM thA - ye guNa nitya haiM / isa prakAra guNa zabda ke vibhinna artha prayukta hote rahe haiM /

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sAMkhya darzanam 531 evamahaMkAratattvamabhimAnAparanAmadheyaM mahato vikRtiH| prakRtizca tadevAhakAratatvaM tAmasaM satpaJcatanmAtrANAM sUkSmAbhidhAnAm / tadeva sAttvikaM satprakRtirekAdazendriyANAM buddhIndriyANAM cakSuHzrotraghrANarasanAtvagAkhyAnAM karmendriyANAM vAkpANipAdapAyUpasthAkhyAnAmubhayAtmakasya manasazca / rajasastUbhayatra kriyotpAdanadvAreNa kAraNatvamastIti na vaiyarthyam / mahata, ahaMkAra aura pAMca tanmAtra ( rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza aura zabda tanmAtra )-ye aise tattva haiM jo vikRti ( mUla prakRti ke vikAra ) aura prakRti ( dUsare tattvoM ke utpAdaka ). bhI haiM / yaha bhI sAMkhyAkArikA ke usI prasaMga meM kahA hai-'mahat Adi sAta tattva prakRtivikRti donoM haiM' ( sAM0 kA0 3) / isakA yaha artha hai-jo prakRtiyAM bhI haiM tathA vikRtiyAM bhI, unheM prakRti-vikRti kahate haiM jo mahat Adi sAta tattva haiN| unameM 'antaHkaraNa' Adi zabdoM ke dvArA bodhita honevAlA mahat tattva hai jo ahaMkAra nAmaka agale tattva kI prakRti hai, kintu svayaM vaha mUla-prakRti kI vikRti ( Evolute ) hai / - isI taraha ahaMkAra-tattva, jisakA dUsarA nAma 'abhimAna' bhI hai, mahattattva kI vikRti (kArya) hai, jaba ki vahI ahaMkAra-tattva, tamoguNa se yukta hone para, 'sUkSma' nAmaka pAMca tanmAtroM kI prakRti ( kAraNa Evolvent ) bana jAtA hai / vahI sattvaguNa ke prakarSa se, gyAraha indriyoM kI arthAt AMkha, kAna, nAka jIbha, camar3A-ina pAMca jJAnendriyoM kI; vacana, pANi, pAda, pAyu (maladvAra ) aura upastha (jananendriya )-ina karmendriyoM kI tathA ubhayAtmaka ( jJAnendriya-karmendriya ) mana kI bhI, prakRti hai| rajoguNa to donoM avasthAoM meM kArya utpanna karane ke calate apane-Apa kAraNa hai, use vyartha na smjheN| vizeSa-prakRti ke nAma se sAMkhyadarzana meM ATha tattva vihita haiN| unameM mUla-prakRti yA pradhAna kA varNana Upara ho cukA hai / prastuta sandarbha meM bAkI tattvoM kA varNana kiyA jA rahA hai / dUsarA tattva buddhi hai jise mahat bhI kahate haiN| isameM dharma, jJAna, vairAgya tathA aizvarya nAma ke prakRSTa guNa rahate haiM / mahata (buddhi-sAmAnya ) mUla-prakRti se hI utpanna hotA hai / pradhAna kI taraha yaha bhI triguNAtmaka hai / kintu sattvAMza kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| phira bhI kabhI-kabhI rajasa aura tamasa bhI prakaTa hote haiN| pratyeka jIva meM apanI-apanI upAdhiyoM se yukta hokara yaha buddhitattva pRthak-pRthak rahatA hai / brahmA, viSNu, maheza kI buddhi meM kramazaH rajas, sattva aura tamas kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| kucha buddhitattvoM meM rajas aura tamas kA AvirbhAva hone se sattva tirohita ho jAtA hai; mahat hone para bhI amahat ke samAna adharma, ajJAna, avairAgya tathA anaizvarya se yukta hote haiM- isa prakAra kI upAdhiyoM se yukta hone para kSudra tathA puNyahIna jIva dharmAcaraNa meM pravRtta na hokara adharma karate dikhalAI par3ate haiN| mahattattva ko mAdhavAcArya 'antaHkaraNa' bhI kahate haiM / yaha zabda bar3A bhrAmaka hai, kyoMki isase buddhi, ahaMkAra aura mana tInoM kA bodha hotA hai| antaHkaraNa-rUpI vRkSa kA aMkura

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532 sarvadarzanasaMprahe mahattattva hI hai / nizcaya karanevAlA antaHkaraNa buddhi hai, abhimAna karanevAlA antaHkaraNa ahaMkAra hai tathA saMkalpa karanevAlA antaHkaraNa mana hai| yahI ina tInoM meM antara hai / sAmAnya se vizeSa kI utpatti hotI hai / mahattattva sAmAnya buddhi kA bodhaka hai, isase vizeSa buddhi utpanna hotI hai / vizeSa buddhi meM 'aham' ( maiM ) aura 'idam ' (yaha ) kA bodha sammilita hai / 'idam' kA bodha 'aham' ke bodha para nirbhara hai, isalie mahat se tRtIya tattva arthAt ahaMkAra-tattva kI utpatti pahale hotI hai / tInoM guNa ise bhI bAMdhate haiM, ataH sAttvika, rAjasa aura tAmasa ke bheda se ahaMkAra ke tIna bheda haiM / sAttvika ko vaikArika, rAjasa ko tejasa tathA tAmasa ko bhUtAdi bhI kahate haiM / jahA~ rajas aura tamas ko dabAkara sattvaguNa utkaTa hotA hai vahAM sAttvika ahaMkAra kahalAtA hai / vaha tejasa aMza se yukta hokara pravRti dikhalAnevAlI gyAraha indriyoM ko utpanna karatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki indriyoM kI utpatti ko sAttvika yA tejasa donoM nAma se pukArate haiM / jahA~ sattva aura rajas ko dabA - kara tamoguNa utkaTa hotA hai use tAmasa ahaMkAra kahate haiM / yaha bhI tejasa aMza ke sAtha milakara pravRtti-dharmavAle pA~ca tanmAtroM ko utpanna karatA hai / isIlie pA~ca tanmAtroM kI utpatti ko tAmasa yA tejasa kahate haiM / pA~ca tanmAtroM se zabdatanmAtra, sparzatanmAtra, rUpatanmAtra, rasatanmAtra aura gandhatanmAtra kA bodha hotA hai / zabda Adi jo vizeSa rahita guNa haiM inhIM meM rahanevAle pAMca sUkSma bhUtoM ( tattvoM Elements ) ko tanmAtra ( Sublte elements ) kahate haiM / zabda se kevala zabda ( vizeSa se rahita zabda ) kA bodha hone ke kAraNa ise zabda tanmAtra ( zabda aura kevala utanA hI ) kahate haiM / isI prakAra anya tanmAtra bhI haiM / zabda ke vizeSa bhI hote haiM jaise udAtta, anudAtta, niSAda, RSabha Adi / sparza ke vizeSoM ( Kinds ) meM zItatva, uSNatva, mRdutva Adi haiM / rUpa meM nIlatva, zuklatva Adi vizeSa haiM / rasa meM madhuratva, amlatva Adi aura gandha meM surabhitva aura asurabhitva - ye vizeSa haiM / sAMkhyatattvavivecana meM kahA bhI hai zabdatanmAtramityetacchanda evopalabhyate / na tadAttaniSAdAdibhedastasyopalabhyate // 3 ye tanmAtra kramazaH AkAza zabdatanmAtra ), vAyu ( sparzata ), agni ( rUpata0 ), jala ( rasata 0 ) aura pRthivI ( gandhata0 ) kI utpatti karate haiM jo paJca mahAbhUta kahalAte haiM / ye ATha prakRtiyA~, gyAraha indriyA~, pAMca mahAbhUta - saba milakara caubIsa tattva haiM / pacIsavAM tattva puruSa hai / vaha jIvAtmA hI hai, koI sarvajJa pratyeka zarIra meM bhinna-bhinna hai, nahIM to sukha, duHkha, moha, janma, nahIM ho sakatI / isalie sAMkhya pravacana - sUtra ( 6 / 45 ) meM kahA vyavasthAta: puruSabahutvam / vaha jIvAtmA anAdi, sUkSma, cetana, sarvagata, nirguNa, kUTastha, Izvara nahIM / yaha puruSa bhI maraNa, mokSa kI vyavasthA gayA hai-- janmAdi

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sAMkhya darzanam 533 nitya, draSTA, bhoktA aura kSetravid ( prakRti ko jAnanevAlA ) hai / itanA hone para bhI sAMkhya meM Izvara nahIM mAnA jAtA jisase kabhI-kabhI ise nirIzvara sAMkhya bhI kahate / isakI tulanA meM yoga-darzana ko sezvara sAMkhya kahate haiM / yaha smaraNIya hai ki vaizeSikoM ke dvArA kahe gaye sAta padArthoM kA antarbhAva inhIM pacIsa tattvoM meM hotA hai / pRthivI Adi nau dravyoM meM pRthivI, jala, agni, vAyu, AkAza aura mana kA to inhIM zabdoM ke dvArA ullekha huA hai / AtmA puruSa hai / dizA aura kAla AkAza ke antargata haiM guNa, karma aura sAmAnya to dravya ke hI antargata haiM, kyoMki dharma aura dharmo abhinna haiM / vizeSa aura samavAya kA to koI upayoga hI nahIM isalie unheM svIkAra nahIM kiyA jAtA / abhAva eka prakAra kA bhAva hI hai / ghaTa kA prAgabhAva miTTI hI hai, ghaTadhvaMsa kA artha hai phUTe Tukar3e, ghaTa kA atyantAbhAva kevala AdhAra ko hI kahate haiM, paTAdi ghaTa kA anyonyAbhAva hai / taduktamIzvarakRSNena 1. abhimAno'haGkArastasmAd dvividhaH pravartate sargaH / ekAdazaka raNagaNastanmAtrApazcakaM caiva // 2. sAtvika ekAdazakaH pravartate vaikRtAdahaMkArAt / bhUtAdestanmAtraH sa tAmasastaijasAdubhayam // 3. buddhIndriyANi cakSuH zrotra- prANarasa natvAgAkhyAni / vAkpANipAdapAyUpasthAH karmendriyANyAhuH // 4. ubhayAtmakamatra manaH saMkalpakamindriyaM ca sAdharmyAt // ( sAM0 kA 0 24- 27 ) iti / vivRtaM ca tattvakaumudyA mAcAryavAcaspatibhiH / jaisA ki IzvarakRSNa ne [ sAMkhyakArikA meM ] kahA hai- 'abhimAna kI bhAvanA ' ko ahaMkAra-tattva kahate haiM / isase do prakAra ke hI kArya ( sRSTi) utpanna hote haiM, eka to gyAraha indriyoM ( karaNoM ) kA samudAya aura dUsarA pA~ca tanmAtroM (tanmAtrAoM ) kA // 24 // [ sAMkhyakArikA meM pATha hai - ekAdazakazca gaNaH tanmAtra paJcakacaiva / vAcaspati ne bhI yahI pATha rakhA hai / ] 'tadasya parimANam' ke artha meM pANinisUtra ( 5 / 1 / 22 ) arthAt ' saMkhyAyA atizadantAyA: kan' se kan pratyaya hone se ekAdazakaH aura paJcakaH zabda bane haiM / pA~ca jJAnendriyAM, pAMca karmendriyA~ tathA mana--- ye gyAraha indriyA~ haiM / jinheM 1. vAcaspati kahate haiM - 'jo Alocita aura vicArita viSaya hai, usakA maiM adhikArI hU~', 'maiM yaha kAma karane meM samartha hU~', 'ye viSaya mere hI lie haiM', 'mere sivA inakA koI adhikArI nahIM hai', 'isalie maiM hU~' - ye asAdhAraNa vyApAra hone ke kAraNa abhimAna yA ahaMkAra haiM /

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534 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe prakAzaka kahate haiM / zabdatanmAtra Adi pA~ca tanmAtroM kA samudAya jar3a hai / aba pUchA jA sakatA hai ki ahaMkAra to eka rUpa kA hI hai, aise kAraNa se paraspara vilakSaNa kArya arthAt jar3a aura prakAzaka, donoM kI utpatti kaise hotI hai ? isakA uttara Age kI kArikA meM diyA jAtA hai - ] 'vaikRta ( sAttvika, sattvaguNa ke prakarSa se yukta ) ahaMkAra se gyAraha indriyoM kA sAttvika gaNa utpanna hotA hai aura bhUtAdi ( = tAmasa ) ahaMkAra se tanmAtrAeM hotI haiM jo tAmasa haiM / tejasa yA rAjasa ahaMkAra se donoM hI utpanna hote haiM // 25 // [ prakAzaka tathA laghu hone ke kAraNa indriyAM sAttvika haiM-sattva meM prakAza aura lAghava rahate haiM / tAnmAtrAeM tamoguNa pradhAna haiM, kyoMki unameM gurutva ( sthiratA ) aura AvarakaguNa hai / ahaMkAra yadyapi eka hI hai kintu guNoM ke udbhava tathA abhibhava ke kAraNa vibhinna kArya karatA hai / sattvaguNa aura tamoguNa se sAre kArya utpanna hone para bhI rajoguNa kI AvazyakatA isalie hotI hai ki ye donoM guNa svayaM niSkriya haiM, samartha hone para bhI apanA-apanA kArya taba taka nahIM kara sakate jaba taka rajoguNa ( jo caJcala hai ) inheM kArya meM pravRtta na kara de / ataH rAjasa ahaMkAra ukta donoM ahaMkAroM meM kriyA utpanna karake sahAyatA karatA hai, vaha vyartha nahIM hai / aba sAttvika guNa kA varNana karate hue bAhyendriyoM-jJAnendriyoM- - kA varNana prastuta karate haiM - ] 'jJAna ( buddhi ) kI indriyA~ pAMca haiM - AMkha, kAna, nAka, jIbha aura camar3A | pA~ca karmendriyAM vAk pANi, pAda, pAyu ( gudA ) tathA upastha ( jananendriya ) haiM // 26 // [ indra = AtmA / usakA liMga yA jJApaka = indriya / indriyoM kI pravRtti se hI AtmA kA anumAna hotA hai / sAttvika ahaMkAra ke kArya meM indriya zabda yogarUr3ha ho gayA hai, ataH ahaMkAra meM ativyApti nahIM hotI / vAcaspati ne sAMkhyakArikA ke AdhAra para sAttvika ahaMkAra se gyAraha indriyoM kI utpatti mAnI hai| udhara vijJAnabhikSu kevala gyArahavIM indriya mana ko hI sAttvika mAnate haiM / unake mata se dasoM indriyA~ rAjasa haiM / aba mana kA varNana karate haiM 'yahA~ mana donoM prakAra kI indriya hai / yaha saMkalpa karanevAlA hai tathA anya indriyoM ke sajAtIya hone ke kAraNa ise 'indriya' kahate haiM / [ mana se jaba indriyoM kA sambandha hotA hai taba indriyA~ bAhya padArthoM kA sAmAnya jJAna grahaNa karatI haiM / usake bAda mana unheM ThIka-ThIka rUpa meM pahacAnatA hai ki yaha aisA hai, vaha aisA / saMkalpa ise hI kahate haiM / isameM vizeSya aura vizeSaNa kA sambandha dekhakara vicAra hotA hai / mana - karmendriyoM aura jJAnendriyAM - donoM kI sahAyatA karatA hai / ] ' ina saboM kA vivaraNa AcArya vAcaspati mizra ne sAMkhya tattva -kaumudI ( 24-27 ) meM diyA hai /

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sAMkhya darzanam vizeSa--yaha dhyeya hai ki mAdhavAcArya anya darzanoM meM mUla-sUtroM tathA unakI vyAjyAoM kI sahAyatA lete haiM / uddharaNa dene meM ve sabase prAcIna upalabdha tathA prAmANika grantha kA Azraya lete haiN| kintu sAMkhya-darzana ke vivecana meM ve IzvarakRSNa kI sAMkhyakArikA kI hI sahAyatA lete haiM / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki unake anusAra sAMkhyakArikA hI prAcInatama prAmANika pustaka thii| sAMkhya-darzana ke itihAsa meM kapila Adi RSi haiM avazya, kintu inake nAma se jo sAMkhya-sUtra pracalita haiM vaha prAmANika nhiiN| bAda ke kisI vidvAna ne unake nAma se sAMkhya-sUtra aura sAMkhyasamAsasUtra ( tattvasamAsa ) kI racanA kI thii| 1500 I0 se pUrva ina donoM meM kisI grantha kA ullekha taka nahIM miltaa| ___IzvarakRSNa se pahale ke AcAryoM meM kapila, Asuri aura paJcazikha kramazaH guru-ziSya the| parantu inake granthoM kA patA nhiiN| kitane loga to inakI aitihAsikatA meM bhI sandeha karate haiM / eka dUsare AcArya vArSagaNya ne SaSTitantra likhA thA jisakA ullekha sAMkhyakArikA meM milatA hai / sAMkhya-darzana meM sabase adhika prAmANika IzvarakRSNa the jinhoMne sAMkhyakArikA likhI / isameM AryA chanda meM 72 kArikAeM haiM jo sAMkhya ke viSaya meM spaSTa aura nizcita siddhAnta detI haiN| vastutaH sAMkhya-darzana kahane se sAMkhya-kArikA kA hI bodha hotA hai / isake samaya ke viSaya meM paryApta matabheda hai, phira bhI 100-200 I0 ke bIca meM yaha kabhI-na-kabhI likhI gaI thii| bahuta se AcAryoM ne isa para vRtti, bhASya aura TIkAe~ likhI thiiN| inameM vAcaspati mizra (850 I0) kI tatvakaumudI bahuta prasiddha hai inake pANDitya ke anukUla hI yaha TIkA atyanta prAmANika bhI hai / solahavIM zatAbdI se sAMkhyasUtra aura tattvasamAsa para TIkAeM milane lagatI haiN| vijJAna-bhikSu ( 1550 I0 ) ne sUtra para bhASya likhakara svatantra rUpa se sAMkhyasAraviveka nAmaka grantha likhA / nAgezabhaTTa ne bhI sUtroM para vRtti likhakara apanA hAtha AjamAyA thA ( 1725 I0 ) / tattvasamAsa ke TIkAkAroM meM bhAvAgaNeza ( 1575 I0 ) aura vibhAnanda mukhya haiM / bhAvAgaNeza ne svatantra rUpa se bhI sAMkhyasAra, sAMkhyaparibhASA aura sAMkhyatattvapradIpikA-ye tIna grantha likhe the| (4. kevala vikRti ke rUpa meM vartamAna tattva) kevalA vikRtistu viyadAdIni paJca mahAbhUtAni, ekAdazendriyANi c| taduktaM-'SoDazakastu vikAraH ( sAM0 kA0 3) iti / SoDazasaMkhyAvacchinno gaNaH SoDazako vikAra eva, na prakRtirityarthaH / yadyapi pRthivyAvayo goghaTAdInAM prakRtistathApi na te pRthivyAvibhyastattvAntaramiti na prkRtiH| tattvAntaropAdAnatvaM ceha prakRtitvamabhimatam / goghaTAdInAM sthUlatvendriyagrAhyatvayoH samAnatvena tattvAntaratvAbhAvaH /

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536 sarvadarzanasaMgrahekevala vikRti ke rUpa meM vidyamAna tattvoM meM AkAza (viyat ) Adi pAMca mahAbhUta tathA gyAraha indriyA~ haiM / jaisA ki kahA bhI hai-'solaha tattvoM kA samudAya kevala kArya ( vikAra ) hI hai' ( sAM0 kA0 3) / 'SoDazaka' kA artha hai solaha saMkhyA se parimita gaNa ( samudAya ), jo kevala kArya hI hai, prakRti arthAt kAraNa nhiiN| yadyapi pRthivI Adi tattva go, ghaTa, vRkSa Adi ke kAraNa bhI haiM kintu ye padArtha pRthivI Adi se tattva meM pRthaka nahIM haiM--yahI kAraNa hI hai ki pRthivI Adi ko kAraNa ( prakRti ) nahIM mAnate / apane se bhinna tattva kA upAdAna kAraNa bananevAlI vastu hI yahAM para 'prakRti' zabda se abhipreta hai| gau, ghaTa Adi padArtha pRthivI Adi se pRthak nahIM haiM, [ yaha bAta isI se siddha ho jAtI hai ki gau, ghaTa Adi ] usI prakAra sthUla aura indriyagrAhya haiM, jisa prakAra pRthivI / __ tatra zabdasparzarUparasagandhatanmAtrebhyaH pUrvapUrvasUkSmabhUtasahitebhyaH paJcamahAbhUtAni viyadAdIni krameNakadvitricatuSpaJcaguNAni jaaynte| indriyasRSTistu prAgevokta / taduktam5. prakRtermahAMstato'haMkArastasmAdgaNazca SoDazakaH / tasmAdapi SoDazakAtpaJcabhyaH paJcabhUtAni // (sAM0 kA0 22 ) iti / unameM zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa aura gandha kA pratyeka tanmAtra apane pUrva ke tanmAtra ( sUkSma bhUta ) se yukta hokara AkAzAdi pAMca mahAbhUtoM ko utpanna karatA hai jinameM kramazaH eka, do, tIna, cAra aura pAMca guNa rahate haiN| [ zabda-tanmAtra se zabda (eka) guNavAlA AkAza utpanna hotA hai / zabdatanmAtra se yukta sparzatanmAtroM se zabda-sparza (do) guNoMvAlI vAyu utpanna hotI hai / zabda aura sparzatanmAtroM se yukta rUpatanmAtra se zabda-sparza-rUpa ( tIna ) guNoMvAlA tejas utpanna hotA hai / zabda, sparza aura rUpatanmAtroM se yukta rasatanmAtra se jala utpanna hotA hai jisameM zabda, sparza, rUpa aura rasa-ye cAra guNa rahate haiM / anta meM zabda, sparza, rUpa aura rasatanmAtroM se yukta gandhatanmAtra se pRthivI utpanna hotI hai jisameM zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa aura gandha-ye pAMca guNa rahate haiM / ( vAcaspati mizra) ] indriyoM kI sRSTi to pahale hI kaha dI gaI hai| [isake sAra-rUpa meM sAMkhyakArikA meM ] kahA gayA hai-'prakRti se mahat-tattva, usake ahaMkAra, usase solaha tattvoM kA samudAya ( pAMca tanmAtra aura gyAraha indriyA~ ), isa solaha [ ke andara ] ke pAMca tanmAtroM se pA~ca mahAbhUta [ utpanna hote haiM ] ( sAM0: kA0 22 ) / (5. prakRti-vikRti se rahita puruSa-tattva ) anubhayAtmakaH purussH| taduktaM-'na prakRtirna vikRtiH puruSaH' (sAM0 kA0 3) iti / puruSastu kUTasthanityopariNAmI na kasyacitprakRti pi vikRtiH ksycidityrthH|

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sAMsya-varzanam 537 puruSa donoM meM kucha bhI nahIM hai / kahA hai-'puruSa na to prakRti ( kAraNa ) hI hai aura na vikRti ( kArya ) hI' ( sAM0 kA0 3 ) / puruSa kUTastha ( acala, nirvikAra ), nitya tathA pariNAma ( vikAsa ) se rahita hai-isIlie na to vaha kisI kA kAraNa hai, na kisI kA kaary| vizeSa-sabhI manuSyoM meM jo cetana-tattva hai vahI puruSa hai / yaha zuddha caitanyasvarUpa hai, kucha kArya nahIM kara sakatA hai| prakRti ke sAtha saMpRkta hone ke kAraNa yaha bandhana meM par3A rahatA hai, jisa samaya prakRti aura puruSa kA viveka ho jAtA hai, usI samaya mokSa kI prApti hotI hai / sAMkhya meM puruSoM kI bahulatA siddha kI jAtI hai / yadi bahulatA nahIM hotI to eka puruSa ke sukhI, duHkhI, mUDha, baddha yA mukta ho jAne se sabhI puruSa vaise hI ho jAte / eka puruSa ke marane para sabhI marate, janma lene para saboM kA janma hotA Adi / puruSoM ko mukta karane ke hI lie prakRti saMsAra ke raMgamaMca para nRtya karatI hai| prakRti-puruSa ke sambandha kA varNana Age kareMge / abhI pramANoM kA varNana karate haiN| (6. sAMkhya-pramANa-mImAMsA ) etatpaJcaviMzatitattvasAdhakatvena pramANatrayamabhimatam / tadapyuktam6. dRSTamanumAnamAptavacanaM ca sarvapramANasiddhatvAt / trividhaM pramANamiSTaM prameyasiddhiH pramANAddhi / ( sAM0 kA0 4 ) iti| ina pacIsa tattvoM ko siddha karanevAle tIna pramANa sAMkhya-darzana meM mAne jAte haiM / ve bhI isa rUpa meM kahe gaye haiM-'pratyakSa ( dRSTa ), anumAna aura zabda pramANa hI sabhI pramANoM ke antarbhUta ho jAne se tIna pramANa hI mAnya haiM / cUMki pramANa se hI prameya kI siddhi hotI hai [ ataH pahale pramANoM kA hI varNana karake bAda meM prameyoM kA pratipAdana kiyA jaaygaa|' (sAM0 kA0 4) / vizeSa-sAMkhya darzana meM tIna pramANoM ko mAnyatA milatI hai / anya pramANoM ko (upamAna, arthApati, anupalabdhi Adi ) ko inhIM tInoM meM antarbhUta kara liyA jAtA hai| IzvarakaSNa ne pAMcavIM kArikA' meM ina tInoM pramANoM ke lakSaNa diye haiM jinakI vyAkhyA vAcaspati mizra ne vistRta rUpa se kI hai| (1pratyakSa (dRSTa)-dRSTa kA lakSaNa dene meM 'prativiSayAdhyavasAya' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / pRthivI Adi aura sukhAdi viSaya haiM, kyoMki ye viSaya ( buddhi ) ko bAMdha lete haiM (vi+/si ), apane AkAra meM raMgakara usa buddhi ko bhI tadrUpa banA dete 1. prativiSayAdhyavasAyo dRSTaM trividhamanumAnamAkhyAtam / ___ talliGgaliGgipUrvakamAptazrutirAptavacanaM tu // ( sAM0 kaa05)| -

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538 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe haiN| hamAre jJAna kA viSaya na banAnevAle sUkSma tanmAtra Adi bhI yogiyoM aura jJAniyoM ke viSaya bana jAte haiM / jo pratyeka viSaya meM pravRtta hotA ho use 'prativiSaya' kahate haiM arthAt viSaya se sambandha indriya hI prativiSaya hai / isa ( indriya ) para Azrita jo adhyavasAya (buddhivyApAra yA jJAna ) hai use hI dRSTa kahate haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM, viSayoM ke sAtha sambandha indriya ke dvArA kiye gaye nizcayAtmaka jJAna ko pratyakSa kahate haiN| (2) anumAna-pratyakSa ke bAda anumAna AtA hai, kyoMki yaha pratyakSa para Azrita hai / liMga ( vyApya ) aura liGgI ( vyApaka ) ke jJAna se utpanna honevalA pramANa anumAna hai| zaMkita tathA nizcita donoM prakAra kI upAdhiyoM kA nirAkaraNa ho jAne para vastu ke svabhAva se hI jisakA sAhacarya sambandha ho vaha vyApya hotA hai / jisake sAtha vaha sambandha ho use vyApaka kahate haiN| dhUma vyApya hai, agni vyApaka / isa jJAna ke bAda jo zAna hogA, vahI anumAna kahalAyagA / dhUma (liMga ) parvata ( pakSa ) meM usake dharma ke rUpa meM vidyamAna hai-yaha pakSadharmatA kA jJAna hai| to vyApya aura vyApaka kA vyAptijJAna tathA liMga ( vyApya ) ke pakSadharmatAjJAna se utpanna jJAna anumAna-pramANa hai / nyAya-darzana ke anumAna-bhedoM ko yahAM bhI svIkRta kiyA gayA hai jo tIna haiM-pUrvavat, zeSavat aura sAmAnyatodRSTa / kintu vAcaspati ne pahale anumAna ke do bheda kiye haiM-vIta ( anvayavidhi se vyApti ke dvArA pravRta ) aura avIta (vyatirekavyApti se pravRtta) avIta ko zeSavat kahate haiM / kisI vastu kI jahA~-jahA~ sambhAvanA ho, una sabhI sthAnoM meM vastu kA niSedha karake aMta meM aura koI upAya na dekhakara bace hue sthAna meM vastu kA jJAna prApta karanA zeSavat hai / vIta ke do bheda haiM-pUrvavat aura sAmAnyatodRSTa / jaba kisI vastu kA viziSTa rUpa pahale pratyakSa kara liyA gayA ho aura usake AdhAra para usake sAmAnya rUpa se yukta vizeSa kA jJAna kiyA jAya to use pUrvavat kahate haiN| rasoI-ghara meM viziSTa rUpa meM vahni dekhakara:dhUma ke dvArA vahnitva se avacchinna ( vyApta, yukta ) vizeSa rUpa arthAt parvatIya vahni kA jJAna karanA pUrvavat' anumAna hai| isa prakAra 'vahnitvasAmAnya vizeSa' kA anumAna huA / sAmAnyatodRSTa anumAna kA viSaya aisI sAmAnya vastu hai jisakA vizeSa rUpa pahale dekhA nahIM gayA ho / jaise-indriya-viSayaka anumAna / rUpAdi kA jJAna kriyA hai, isa ( liMga ) se indriyoM kA anumAna hotA hai, kyoMki kriyA kisI sAdhana ( karaNa = sAdhana, indriya ) se hI utpanna hotI hai / ( vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie ta0 ko0 dekheN)| (3) Aptavacana (zabda)-anumAna ke bAda Aptavacana yA zabda pramANa isalie rakhate haiM ki anumAna ke dvArA hI bAlaka ko 'zakti' arthAt zabdArtha-sambandha kA jJAna hotA hai aura zabdArtha ke sambandha kA jJAna hone para hI zAbdabodha ( zabda ke artha kA sAkSAtkAra ) hotA hai / ataH anumAna zabda-pramANa kA paramparAyA ( parokSa rUpa se ) kAraNa hai| 1. dekhie-sarvadarzanasaMgrahaH, pR0 16 ( upAdhi ) tathA pR0 11 ( upaadhi-bhed)|

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sAMkhya darzanam 539 Aptavacana kA artha hai Apta ( prakRSTa yA ucita ) zruti arthAt vAkya se utpanna vAkyArthajJAna | yaha vAkyArtha jJAna jo svatantra rUpa se pramANa hotA hai, apauruSeya bedavAkyoM' se utpanna hone se bhrama, pramAdAdi puruSadoSoM se rahita hone ke kAraNa yukta hai / veda ke vAkya to pramANa haiM hI, vedamUlaka smRti, itihAsa, purANa ke vAkyoM se utpanna jJAna bhI yukta hotA hai| 'Apta' zabda se yukta yA ucita zrutiyoM ( AgamoM ) kA hI bodha hotA hai / nahIM to jaina, bauddha Adi ke vicAra jo Agama jaise lagate haiM ve bhI pramANa hI ho jAyeMge / vAcaspati ne isake bAda upamAna, arthApatti, abhAva, sambhava tathA aitihya pramANoM ko ( jo vibhinna darzanoM meM svIkRta hai ) inhIM ke andara siddha kiyA hai / koI pratyakSa meM, koI anumAna meM aura koI Agama meM antarbhUta ho jAte haiM / smaraNIya hai ki chahoM darzanoM para TIkA karanevAle AcArya bilkula taTastha hokara isakI vivecanA karate haiM / isake bAda kI kArikA meM (chaThI kArikA meM ) batalAyA gayA hai ki sAmAnyatodRSTa anumAna se atIndriya padArthoM kI siddhi hotI hai / kintu jo padArtha parokSa haiM aura isase bhI siddha na ho sakeM taba unakI siddhi Agama-pramANa se hotI hai / bAta yaha hai ki bahuta dUra hone yA samIpa hone se, indriyoM ke ghAta yA mana kI asthiratA hone se, sUkSmatA ke kAraNa yA bIca meM rukAvaTa par3a jAne se, kisI vastu se abhibhUta ( daba ) ho jAne se yA samAna vastu meM mila jAne se koI padArtha dikhalAI nahIM par3atA ( kArikA 7) / isa AdhAra para yaha nahIM soceM ki padArtha hai hI nahIM -- vyAkhyAnato vizeSapratipattirna hi sandehAdalakSaNam / ( 7. kArya-kAraNa-sambandha para vibhinna mata ) iha kAryakAraNabhAve caturdhA vipratipattiH prasarati / asataH sajjAyata iti saugatAH saMgirante / naiyAyikAdayaH sato'sajjAyata iti / vedAntinaH sato vivartaH kAryajAtaM na vastusaditi / sAMkhyAH punaH sataH sajjAyata iti / yahA~ para kArya aura kAraNa ke paraspara sambandha ko lekara cAra prakAra ke vibhinna matavAda haiM / bauddha ( zUnyavAdI ) kahate haiM ki asat Non-existent ) se sat padArtha kI utpatti hotI hai / neyAyika Adi ( vaizeSika bhI ) kahate haiM ki sat padArtha ( kAraNa ) se asat kAryaM utpanna hotA hai / vedAntiyoM (advaita ) kI mAnyatA hai ki sat kAraNa se vivarta ( kalpita ) kArya utpanna hotA hai aura sAre kAryoM kI vAstavika sattA nahIM rahatI / lekina sAMkhyavAle kahate haiM ki sat kAraNa se sat kArya hI utpanna hotA hai / 1. sAMkhya aura mImAMsA darzanoM meM Izvara ko svIkAra nahIM karate / ataH kisI vizeSa puruSa ( Izvara ) ke banAye na rahane se veda ko apauruSeya mAnate haiM / sAMkhyasUtra ( 5246 ) meM kahA hai-na pauruSeyatvaM tatkartuH puruSasyAbhAvAt / ( bAlarAmodAsIna kI vidvattoSiNI TIkA -- ta0 kau0 para / )

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540 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe vizeSa-pramANoM ke dvArA ukta pacIsa tattvoM kI siddhi karanI par3atI hai| una tatvoMmeM prathama tattva jo pradhAna yA prakRti hai usakI siddhi ke lie anumAna hI eka sAdhana hai| usa viSaya meM kiye gaye anumAna kA upajIvya satkAryavAda kA sAMkhyokta siddhAnta hI ho sakatA hai| prakRti-tattva ke bhItara ve sAre vikAra nihita haiM jinakI utpatti prakRti se hotI hai, cAhe vaha utpatti sIdhe ho yA paramparA se ho| isa viSaya meM matabheda pradarzita karate haiM jinake khaNDana ke bAda apane satkAryavAda kA poSaNa kreNge| (1) bauddhoM kA pakSa hai ki kAraNavastu se kAryavastu tabhI utpanna hotI hai jaba kAraNavastu asat arthAt vinaSTa ho jAya / jaba taka pUrva vastu sat yA vidyamAna hai taba taka koI cIja usase utpanna hI nahIM ho sktii| bIja nAza hone para hI aMkura utpanna hotA hai. miTTI kA piNDa miTa jAne para hI ghaTa utpanna hotA hai| bauddha loga sabhI bhAvAtmaka ( Positive ) vastuoM ko kSaNika mAnate haiN| kArya ke kSaNa meM kAraNa tathA kAraNa-kSaNa meM kArya nahIM rahatA / pUrvakSaNika vastu ke vinAza ke bAda hI uttarakSaNika vastu AtI hai-ataH vinaSTa ( asat ) kAraNa hI sat ( vidyamAna ) kArya ko utpanna karatA hai| sat kA yahAM artha hai kSaNabhara khar3A rahanA, tInoM kAloM meM abAdhita honA nahIM / (2) neyAyika aura vaizeSika asatkAryavAda kA siddhAnta mAnate haiN| inake anusAra paramANu Adi ( kAraNa) dvayaNukAdi kArya pahale se vidyamAna nahIM ( asat ) rahate haiM, unase ye sat ( vidyamAna ) dvayaNukAdi kArya bilkula navIna rUpa meM utpanna hote haiM / miTTI meM ghaTa asat hai, nahIM to donoM kA eka hI nAma hotA yA phira donoM paryAya mAne jaate| donoM ko hama alaga-alaga dekhate haiM / bauddhoM ke anusAra jahA~ kAraNa-vastu hI avidyamAna (vinaSTa ) hotI hai taba kAryotpatti hotI hai, nyAya ke anusAra kAraNa-vastu vidyamAna hI rahatI hai / hA~, usameM kArya navIna rahatA hai| (3 ) advaita-vedAnta ke anusAra ekamAtra brahma hI sat (vidyamAna ) hai, jagat ke anya sabhI rUpa ajJAnavaza usameM usI prakAra kalpita yA Aropita haiM jaise sIpI meM cAMdI yA rassI meM sAMpa / jisa prakAra sIpI kA vAstavika jJAna ho jAne para usameM Aropita cAMdI kI pUrvapratIti mithyA yA bhramapUrNa lagatI hai, usI prakAra tattvajJAna ke dvArA mAyA kA bandhana ( AvaraNa ) haTa jAne para pAramarthika tattva-brahma-meM jJAnAvasthA ke pUrva pratIta honevAlA samasta jagata bhrAnta lagatA hai, asat ( vastutaH mithyA, pAramarthika dRSTi se asat ) lagatA hai / phalataH kAraNa ( brahma) sat hai kintu kArya ( jagata ) mUlakAraNa brahma kA vivarta ( mithyAtmaka rUpAntara Illusory emanation) hai, pariNAma ( vAstavika rUpAntara) nhiiN| vivarta hone ke kAraNa isakI ( kArya kI ) pAramArthika sattA nahIM, AbhAsika yA vyAvahArika sattA hI hai / nyAya meM vastu kA pAramArthika rUpAntara mAnate haiM, sAMkhya ke sAtha bhI yahI bAta hai parantu vedAnta meM vastu kA AbhAsika rUpAntara yA vivarta mAnA jAtA hai|

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sAMkhya darzanam 541 ( 4 ) sAMkhya ke anusAra sat kAraNa se hI kArya utpanna hotA hai aura vaha kArya bhI sat hI rahatA hai - kAraNa - vyApAra ke pUrva avyakta rUpa meM vidyamAna kArya hI kAraNa - vyApAra ke pazcAt vyakta rUpa meM utpanna hotA hai / dUdha se utpanna honevAlA dadhi kAraNavyApAra ke pUrva bhI dUdha meM avyakta rUpa meM vidyamAna hai / prakRti se utpanna honevAle mahat ahaMkAra Adi tattva usa ( prakRti ) meM avyakta rUpa meM rahate haiM / isa mata ko satkAryavAda kahate haiM / isameM kAraNa se kArya kI utpatti kA yahI artha hai ki koI avyakta padArtha vyakta ho jAtA hai / smaraNIya hai ki sAMkhya aura nyAya ke anusAra kArya eka tathya ( Real ) hai jaba ki vedAnta meM kArya mithyA hai, vivarta hai / aba sAMkhya ke atirikta anya matoM ke khaNDana kA upakrama karate hue satkAryavAda kI siddhi ko jAyagI aura usake lie vibhinna tarka diye jAyeMge / ( 7 ka. kArya-kAraNa-bhAva ke matoM kA khaNDana ) tatrAsataH sajjAyata iti na prAmANikaH pakSaH / asato nirupAkhyasya zazaviSANavatkAraNatvAnupapatteH / tucchAtucchayostAdAtmyAnupapattizca / una matoM meM 'asat se sat utpanna hotA hai' yaha pakSa prAmANika nahIM hai / asat kA varNana nahIM ho sakatA, yaha kharahe kI sIMga kI taraha [ sattAhIna ] hai, use kAraNa hI nahIM batAyA jA sakatA / dUsare, tuccha ( svarUpahIna ) aura atuccha ( svarUpayukta ) padArthoM meM tAdAtmya-sambandha bhI to nahIM hotA hai / [ tAtparya yaha hai ki eka to asat padArtha kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki jisako sattA hI nahIM, vaha kAryotpAdana kyA karegA ? dUsare, sat aura asat kA sambandha honA asambhava hai kyoMki asat padArtha hai padArtha kA kucha svarUpa hotA hai / pUrvakSaNa meM honevAlA ghaTAbhAva hI ghaTa kA upAdAna kAraNa hai - aisA bauddha loga kahate haiM | abhAva yA ke kAraNa apane paravartI bhAva yA sat ke sAtha tAdAtmya sambandha nahIM rakha sakatA / jaba tAdAtmya hI nahIM rahegA to upAdAna aura upAdeya kA sambandha nahIM ho sakatA / isalie bauddhoM kA siddhAnta amAnya hai / ] svarUpahIna aura sat uttara kSaNa meM honevAle asat svarUpahIna hone nApi sato'sajjAyate / kArakavyApArAtprAgasataH zazaviSANavatsattAsambandhalakSaNotpattyanupapatteH / na hi nIlaM nipuNatamenApi pItaM kartuM pAryate / nanu sattvAsattve ghaTasya dharmAviti cet -- tadacAru / asati dharmiNi taddharma iti vyapadezAnupapattyA dharmiNaH satvApatteH // sat se asat kI utpatti kA [ nyAya - siddhAnta ] bhI prAmANika nahIM hI hai / kArya ko utpanna karanevAle padArtha kI kriyA ( kAraka - vyApAra ) ke pahale jisakA astitva hI nahIM hai usakI utpatti kharahe kI sIMga kI taraha asambhava hai kyoMki utpatti kA artha hai sattA se sambandha rahanA / [ do sattAyukta padArthoM kA hI sambandha ho sakatA hai aura sattA ke sAtha

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542 sarvadarzanasaMgraha sambandha hone para hI utpatti hotI hai / yaha Aja taka sunA nahIM gayA ki kharahe kI sIMga yA vandhyAputra kA sambandha kisI sattAyukta padArtha ke sAtha huA hai-asat aura sat kA sambandha ho hI nahIM sakatA / pahale se asat ghaTAdi-kArya kA sambandha sattA se nahIM ho sakatA isalie ghaTAdi-kArya kI utpatti ( = sattA se sambandha ) nahIM mAnI jA sktii| ] sabase nipuNa vyakti bhI nIle ko pIlA nahIM kara sakate / [nIla meM pIta kI sattA nahIM haipIta vahA~ asat hai jaba ki kAryarUpa meM sat hai / to jaba nIle meM pIlA nahIM hai to nIlA raMga kabhI pIlA nahIM hogA-asat pIta kabhI bhI sat pIta nahIM bana sakatA / pahale se asat ghaTa kumbhakAra ke vyApAra se bhI sat nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / asat aura sat meM paraspara virodha hai-ve kArya-kAraNa bhAva nahIM rakha skte|] aba yadi ye ( neyAyika ) kaheM ki sattA aura asattA, ghaTa ke do dharma haiM [ arthAt jaise valayatva dharma se vibhUSita svarNakAra ke vyApAra ( kriyA ) se svarNa kuNDalatva-dharma se yukta ho jAtA hai vaise hI yahAM asattva-dharma se viziSTa ghaTa kumbhakArAdi ke vyApAra se sattva-dharma se yukta ho jAyagA ], to hama yaha kaheMge ki yaha kahanA unheM zobhA nahIM detaa| dharmI ( ghaTa) ke nahIM rahane para hama yaha nahIM kaha sakate ki yaha ( asat ) usa ( ghaTa ) kA dharma hai / nahIM to dharmI ( ghaTa ) kI sattA mAnanI par3egI ( = ghaTa kI nityatA svIkAra karanI pdd'egii)| [Azaya yaha hai ki yadi asattva ghaTa kA dharma mAnA jAya to dharma ( asatva ) dharmI (ghaTa) ke binA nahIM raha sakatA-yaha bhI mAnanA pdd'egaa| to asattva-dharma ke samaya dharmI (ghaTa) kI sattA mAnanI par3egI, ataH ghaTa kI sattA rhegii| yahI nahIM, isake phala-svarUpa ghaTa nitya ho jAyagA kyoMki jaba asat kAla meM bhI ghaTa hai taba to vaha nitya hI na hai ? ] vizeSa-yahAM para do hI matoM kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai, vivartavAda kA khaNDana bAda meM kareMge / apa apane satkAryavAdakA siddhAnta prastuta karate haiM / (8. satkAryavAda kI siddhi) tasmAtkArakavyApArAtprAgapi kArya sadeva / satazcAbhivyaktirupapadyate / yathA pauDanena tileSu tailasya, dohanena saurabheyISu payasaH / asataH kAraNe kimapi nidarzanaM na dRzyate / kiM ca kAryeNa kAraNaM sambaddhaM tajjanakamasambaddhaM vaa| prathame kAryasya sattvamAyAtam / satoreva sambandha iti niyamAt / carame sarva kAryajAtaM sarvasmAjjAyeta / asambaddhatvAvizeSAt / ___ isalie yaha siddha huA ki kAraka ( kartA, hetu, kAraNa ) ke vyApAra ke pUrva bhI kArya kI sattA rahatI hI hai| [ taba kumbhakAra Adi kI AvazyakatA kyoM ? ] hA~, itanA avazya hai ki pahale se vidyamAna ( sat ) kArya kI kevala abhivyakti hotI hai [ jisameM nimitta kAraNa kI apekSA rahatI hai| ] udAharaNa ke lie jaise-pIsane (perane ) para tiloM se tela kI yA dUhane para gAyoM se dUdha ko [ abhivyakti hotI hai| tiloM meM tela yA gAyoM meM dUdha

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sAMkhya-darzanam 543 pahale se hai para abhivyakti ke lie perane ke vyApAra kI yA dohanavyApAra kI apekSA hai / kevala abhivyaMjaka hone ke kAraNa bhI ye vyApAra kAraNa hue| ] asat vastu ( jaise nyAyadRSTi se kAraNAvasthA meM ghaTa ) kI utpatti ( daNDAdi ) siddha karanevAlA koI dRSTAnta bhI nahIM miltaa| [ dRSTAnta vaisA hI ho sakatA hai jo donoM vAdiyoM ko svIkAra ho / neyAyika yadi ghaTa kA udAharaNa deM ki asat ghaTa kA kAraNa daNDAdi hai to yaha sambhava nhiiN| udhara sAMkhyavAle ghaTa ko pahale se kAraNa-rUpa meM bhI vartamAna hI svIkAra karate haiM Aja taka kabhI kisI ne asat ko utpanna hote yA abhivyakta hote bhI nahIM dekhA ki dRSTAnta de skeN|] isake atirikta kAraNa-vastu kArya-vastu ko usase yA to sambaddha hokara utpanna karatI hai yA phira asambaddha hI hokara ( tIsarA vikalpa sambhava nhiiN)| sambaddha hokara utpanna karane se to kArya kI sattA ( kAraNa meM kArya kA rahanA ) hI siddha ho jAtI hai kyoMki do sat vastuoM kA hI sambandha hone kA niyama hai| yadi asambaddha hokara utpanna karatI hai to koI bhI kArya kisI bhI kAraNa se utpanna hone lage kyoMki asambaddha to saboM meM barAbara hI rhegii| [ ghaTa se miTTI ko yadi asambandha hai to paTa se bhI to use asambandha hI hai| to, miTTI ghaTa aura paTa donoM ko utpanna kara skegii| ataH asambaddhatA hokara kAraNa kArya ko utpanna nahIM kara sakatA / asambaddha asambaddha se nahIM utpanna hotA, sambaddha padArtha hI sambaddha ko utpanna kara sakatA hai-tila se hI tela hogA, pASANa se nhiiN|] tadAkhyAyi sAMkhyAcArya: 7. asattvAnnAsti sambandhaH kAraNaH sttvsnggibhiH| asambaddhasya cotpattimicchato na vyavasthitiH // iti / ise sAMkhya ke AcAryoM ne kahA hai-[ utpatti ke pUrva kArya ko ] asat mAnane para' sattva ke saMga meM rahanevAle [ sattva dharma se yukta ] kAraNoM ( miTTo Adi ) se isakA sambandha nahIM ho sktaa| [miTTI se ghar3A banatA hai; miTTI kAraNa hai, ghar3A kArya / yahA~ kAraNa vastu vidyamAna ( sat ) hai, kintu kArya vastu avidyamAna ( asata ) hai kyoMki utpatti ke pUrva kArya rahatA ho nahIM, yaha nyAyamata hai / ataH sat ( kAraNa ) aura asat ( kArya ) kA sambandha honA kabhI sambhava nahIM / ] aba yadi ( kAraNa se ) asambaddha (kArya ) kI utpatti mAnI jAya to [ 'amuka kAraNa se amuka kArya utpanna hotA hai'--isa taraha kI ] vyavasthA nahIM rhegii| [miTTI se kapar3A, jala se ghar3A, Ikha se namaka Adi paidA hone lgeNge| kisI kAraNa se koI bhI kArya utpanna hone lgegaa|] 1. tattvakaumudI meM pATha 'asattve nAsti' hai / artha meM koI bheda nahIM par3atA / 'asattve' se sAdhyatA prakaTa hotI hai 'asattvAt' se siddhatA /

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe arthavamucyeta - ' asambaddhamapi tattadeva janayati yatra yacchaktam / zaktizca kAryadarzanonneyeti / ' tanna saGgacchate / tileSu tailajananazaktirityatra tailasthAsattve sambaddhatvAsambaddhatvavikalpena tacchaktiriti nirUpaNAyogAt / kAryakAraNayorabhedAcca kAraNAtpRthakkAryasya sattvaM na bhavati / 544 yadi aisA uttara diyA jAya ki asambaddha hone para bhI koI ( kAraNa ) usI kArya ko utpanna karatA hai jo kAraNa jise utpanna karane meM samartha ( zakta Capable ) hai [ jaise tantu paTa ko utpanna karane meM samartha hai - miTTI ghaTa ko / ] kisI padArtha kI zakti kA anumAna usake kArya ko dekhakara karanA caahie| [ miTTI kI zakti kA anumAna ghaTa dekhakara hotA hai ki vaha ghaTotpAdana ke lie samartha hai / ] para yaha nizcita ] lekina yaha yukti ThIka nahIM ho sakatI / 'tiloM meM tela utpanna karane kI zakti hai ' isa prakAra [ asatkAryavAda ke anusAra tiloM meM ] tela kI sattA na mAnane nahIM kara sakate ki [ tela aura utpanna karane kI zakti ke paraspara sambaddha hone yA asambaddha hone se bhI usameM vaha zakti hai hI / [ abhiprAya yaha hai - sAMkhya dArzanika neyAyikoM se kahate haiM ki ApakI bAta mAna lI, kArya dekhakara hama kisI padArtha kI zakti kA anumAna kara leMge, tila meM tela utpanna karane kI zakti hai / parantu yaha batalAiye ki pahale se vidyamAna zakti jo tila meM hai vaha kAryotpatti ke pUrva tela se sambaddha hai yA nahIM ? yadi hai to tela kI sattA utpatti ke pUrva bhI hai, satkAryavAda kI hI siddhi hogI / yadi sambandha nahIM hai to kaise nirUpaNa kareMge ki yaha tela ko utpanna karanevAlI zakti hai ? donoM dazAoM meM gaye / ] dUsare, kArya aura kAraNa meM bheda nahIM hotA, isalie kAraNa se alaga kArya kI sattA nahIM hotI / ( kArya-kAraNa ke abheda hone ke kAraNa sattA eka hI rahatI hai, do sattAeM nahIM rahatIM / ata: kAryotpatti ke pUrva yadi kAraNa kI sattA hai to kArya kI sattA bhI avazya hI rahegI / ) paTastantubhyo na bhidyate / taddharmatvAt / na yadevaM, na tadevaM yathA gorazvaH / taddharmazca paTaH / tasmAnnArthAntaram / tarhi pratyekaM ta eva prAvaraNakAryaM kuryuriti cenna / saMsthAnabhedenAvirbhUtapaTabhAva prAvaraNArthakriyAkAritvopapatteH / yathA hi kUrmasyAGgAni kUrmazarIre nivizamAnAni tirobhavanti, niHsaranti cAvirbhavanti; evaM kAraNasya tantvAdeH paTAdayo vizeSA niHsaranta Avirbhavanta utpadyanta ityucyante / nivizamAnAstirobhavanto vinazyantItyucyante / [ kArya kA kAraNa se abheda siddha karane ke lie ye pramANa haiM - ] paTa tantuoM se bhinna nahIM hai kyoMki vaha tantuoM kI avasthA - vizeSa ( dharma ) hai / jo aisA ( kisI vastu se abhinna ) nahIM hai, vaha usakA dharma bhI nahIM hai jaise gau se azva / [ gau se azva abhinna

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sAMkhya darzanam 5.45 nahIM hai arthAt bhinna hai, isalie gau kI avasthA - vizeSa azva nahIM hai / vaha usase pRthak hai / ] yahA~ para paTa tantuoM kA dharma ( avasthA - vizeSa ) hai ataH bhinna nahIM hai / [ aba isameM zaMkA uThatI hai ki ] taba to arthAt tantu aura paTa meM abheda mAna lene para pratyeka tantu hI AvaraNa kA kArya karatA ( jo kAma kapar3e kA hai vahI kAma sUtoM se bhI calatA ) / yaha zaMkA ThIka nahIM kyoMki una sUtoM ke saMsthAna ( vizeSa rUpa se sajAye gaye rUpa ) meM antara rahane ke kAraNa [ jaba una sUtoM se ] paTa-rUpa kA AvirbhAva ( abhivyakti Manifestation ) ho jAtA hai tabhI ye AcchAdana - rUpI kArya ke sampAdana meM samartha hote haiM / [ paTa aura tantu meM saMsthAna yA sajAvaTa kA antara hai / jaba ye tantu vizeSa rUpa se sajA diye jAte haiM tabhI paTa kA AvirbhAva hotA hai jo AcchAdana ke kAma meM AtA 1 ] jaise kachue ke aMga usake zarIra meM praveza karane para tirohita kahalAte haiM aura nikalane para AvibhUta kahalAte haiM, vaise hI sUta Adi kAraNoM meM vastrAdi vizeSa rUpa ( kArya ) nikalane yA AvirbhUta hone para 'utpanna ho rahe haiM' aisA kahalAte haiM; praveza karane para yA tirohita ho jAne para 'naSTa ho rahe haiM' aisA kahate haiM / ' na punarasatAmutpattiH satAM vA vinAzaH / yathoktaM bhagavadgItAyAm - nAsato vidyate bhAvo nAbhAvo vidyate sataH / ( gI0 2 / 16 ) iti / tatazca kAryAnumAnAttatpradhAna siddhiH / taduktam - 8. asadakaraNAdupAdAnagrahaNAtsarvasambhavAbhAvAt / zaktasya zakyakaraNAtkAraNabhAvAcca satkAryam // ( sAM0 kA 0 9 ) iti / isake atirikta, asat vastu kI utpatti yA sat vastu kA vinAza bhI nahIM hotA / jaisA ki bhagavadgItA meM kahA hai - 'asat kA astitva nahIM hotA tathA sat kA abhAva nahIM hotA' ( gItA 2 / 16 ) / isa prakAra kArya ke dvArA anumAna karake ina vastuoM ke mUlakA - raNa pradhAna yA prakRti kI siddhi kI jA sakatI hai| use kahA hai - '[ kAraNa meM ] kArya vidyamAna hai kyoMki ( 1 ) asat ko kArya ke rUpa meM pariNata nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, ) [ kArya kI utpatti ke lie ] usake upAdAna kAraNa ( jaise ghaTa kA miTTI, paTa kA sUta ) kA grahaNa avazya karanA par3atA hai arthAt kArya apane upAdAna kAraNa se niyamapUrvaka sambandha rahatA hai / [ yadi kArya pahale se hI asat ho to usakA sambandha nahIM ho sakatA ], (3) sabhI kArya sabhI kAraNoM se utpanna nahIM hote haiM [ kisI vizeSa kAraNa se vizeSa kArya utpanna hotA hai, yadi kArya kAraNa se asambaddha rahatA to aisA 1. tulanIya - yadA saMharate cAyaM kUrmo'GgAnIva sarvazaH / 35 sa0 saM0 indriyANIndriyArthebhyastasya prajJA pratiSThatA // ( gI0 258 )

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546 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe sambhava nahIM thA / ( 4 ) jo kAraNa jisa kArya ko utpanna karane meM zakta yA samartha hai, usase usI kArya kI utpatti hotI hai [ miTTI meM kalpita zaktivizeSa yadi ghaTa se sambaddha hai to ghaTa ko hI utpanna karegA ] aura ( 5 ) kArya kAraNAtmaka arthAt usI ke svarUpa kA hotA hai ( = kArya aura kAraNa abhinna hote haiM ) ' ( sAM0 kA0 9 ) / ( 8 ka. vivartavAda kA khaNDana ) nApisato brahmatattvasya vivartaH prapaJcaH / bAdhAnupalambhAt / adhiSThAnAropyayozvijjaDayoH kaladhautazuktyAdivatsArUpyAbhAvenAropAsambhavAcca / Apa yaha bhI nahIM kaha sakate ki yaha prapaMca ( saMsAra ) usa sat brahmatattva kA vivarta arthAt kalpita rUpa hai / kAraNa yaha hai ki [ jaise 'yaha cAMdI nahIM sIpI hai' bhrAnti naSTa hone para aise vAkya se cA~dI kA virodha yA bAdha kiyA jAtA hai; usa prakAra 'yaha saMsAra nahIM hai' aisA ] virodha vyavahAra meM nahIM milatA / cetana aura jar3a jo kramazaH AdhAra ( adhiSThAna, brahma ) tathA Adheya ( prapaJca ) haiM, unameM cA~dI aura sIpI kI taraha kI samAnatA na hone se paraspara Aropa nahIM ho sakatA / [ sIpI aura cA~dI meM to ekarUpatA hai ki donoM hI ujale haiM, parantu bhalA brahma ( cetana ) aura saMsAra ( jar3a ) meM kisa padArtha ko lekara ekarUpatA ho sakatI hai| Aropa kA hetu koI sArUpya na hone se brahma para prapaJca kA Aropa sambhava nahIM hai / ' kaladhautazuktyAdi ke samAna' yaha vaidharmya kA dRSTAnta hai, kyoMki brahmaprapaJca ke paraspara sambandha ke viruddha hai - jaise kaladhauta ( cA~do ) aura zukti ( sIpI ) meM samatA hai vaise brahma aura prapanca meM nahIM / yadi kaladhauta kA artha svarNa liyA jAya to sAdharmya kA hI dRSTAnta ho jAyagA -- jaise svarNa ( pIlA ) aura sIpI ( ujalI ) meM samarUpatA na hone se parastarAropa nahIM hotA vaise hI brahma aura prapaMca meM bhI samarUpatA na hone se Aropa nahIM hogA | ] ( 9. pradhAna yA prakRti kI siddhi ) tatazca sukhaduHkhamohAtmakasya prapazvasya tathAvidhakAraNamavadhAraNIyam / tathA ca prayogaH - vimataM bhAvajAtaM sukhaduHkhamohAtmakakAraNakaM tadanvitatvAt / yadyenAnvIyate tattatkAraNakaM yathA rucakAdikaM suvarNAnvitaM suvarNakAraNakam / tathA cedaM tasmAttatheti / " isake bAda sukha, duHkha aura moha se bane hue isa saMsAra kA vaisA hI kAraNa vicAranA cAhie / isake lie ( parArthAnumAna kA ) yaha prayoga hogA 1 ( 1 ) pratijJA- ye sabhI prastuta ' padArtha sukha, duHkha aura moha se bane kisI kAraNa se utpanna hue haiM / - 1. vimata, vivAdAdhyAsita Adi zabdoM kA prayoga pakSa ( Minor term ) ke vizeSaNa rUpa meM kiyA hai| isakA artha hai - sandigdha yA jisa para vAda-vivAda cala rahA hai vaha

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sAMkhya darzanam ( 2 ) hetu - kyoMki ye unase ( sukha-duHkha moha se ) saMyukta haiM / (3) udAharaNa aura vyApti - jo jisase saMyukta rahatA hai vaha usI kAraNa se nikalatA hai / jaise svarNapAtra svarNasaMyukta hai aura svarNa usakA kAraNa hai / 547 (4) upanaya -- yaha ( prastuta padArtha ) bhI vaisI ( sukha, duHkha, moha se saMyukta ) hai / ( 5 ) nigamana - isalie yaha ( saMsAra ) bhI vesA ( sukha, duHkha aura moha se bane kisI kAraNa se utpanna ) hai | [ saMsAra kA sukha - duHkha - moha se banA kAraNa hI prakRti yA pradhAna hai| isI anumAna se usakA patA lagatA hai / ] tatra jagatkAraNe yeyaM sukhAtmakatA tatsattvaM, yA duHkhAtmakatA tadrajaH, yA ca mohAtmakatA tattama iti triguNAtmakakAraNasiddhi: / tathA hi-pratyekaM bhAvAstra guNyavanto'nubhUyante / yathA maMtradAreSu satyavatyAM maitrasya sukhamAvi - rasti / taM prati sattvaguNa prAdurbhAvAt / tatsapatnInAM duHkham / tAH prati rajoguNaprAdurbhAvAt / tAmalabhamAnasya caitrasya moho bhavati / taM prati tamoguNasamudbhavAt / yahA~ para saMsAra ke kAraNa ( prakRti ) meM jo sukha kA tattva hai vaha sattvaguNa hai / duHkha kA tattva rajoguNa aura moha kA tattva tamoguNa / isa prakAra triguNAtmaka kAraNa ( = jagakAraNa ) kI siddhi hotI hai / vaha isa rUpa meM hotI hai --saMsAra ke sabhI bhAvoM ( padArthoM ) tInoM guNoM kI sattA kA anubhava hotA hai / jaise maMtra kI aneka patniyoM meM satyavatI nAmaka patnI se maitra ko sukha kI prApti hotI hai, kyoMki maitra ke prati sattvaguNa kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai / [ usI satyavatI se ] usakI sapatniyoM ( Fellow-wives ) ko du:kha hai, kyoMki unake prati rajoguNa kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai / use na prApta karanevAle ( prApti kI icchA na rakhane vAle ) caitra ko usase moha ( udAsInatA kA bhAva ) hai, kyoMki usa caitra ke prati tamoguNa kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai / [ eka hI padArtha - satyavatI - meM tInoM guNoM kI siddhi hotI hai / isI prakAra sabhI padArthoM se sukha, duHkha aura moha kI prApti hotI hai / ] evamanyadapi ghaTAdikaM labhyamAnaM sukhaM karoti / parairapahiyamANaM duHkhAkaroti / udAsInasyopekSAviSayatvenopatiSThate / upekSAviSayatvaM nAma mohaH / muha vaicitye ityasmAddhAtormohazabda niSpatteH / upekSaNIyeSu cittavRtyanudayAt / tasmAtsarvabhAvajAtaM sukhaduHkhamohAtmakaM triguNapradhAnakA raNakamavagamyate / viSaya | aMgarejI meM ise in question kaheMge, jaise - vimataM vastu = Thing in question, maiMne 'prastuta' zabda rakhA hai jo upayukta hai /

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe isI taraha ghaTa Adi dUsare padArtha bhI mila jAne para sukha dete haiM, dUsaroM ke dvArA curA liye jAne para duHkha dete haiM, kintu taTastha vyakti ke lie upekSA kA viSaya bana jAte haiM / upekSA kA viSaya bana jAnA hI moha hai / muha-dhAtu kA artha hotA hai citta se rahita honA ( = citta ko vRttiyoM kA zUnyavat ho jAnA ) / isa dhAtu se hI 'moha' zabda banatA hai / upekSaNIya vastuoM ke prati citta kI vRtti ugatI hI nahIM / isalie sabhI padArtha sukha duHkha tathA moha ke bane hue haiN| ve tIna guNoM se bane hue pradhAna ( prakRti ) rUpI kAraNa se haiM - yaha mAlUma hotA hai / 548 tathA ca zvetAzvataropaniSadi zrUyate - 9. ajAmekAM lohitazuklakRSNAM bahvIH prajAH sRjamAnAM sarUpAH / ajo hyeko juSamANo'nuzete jahAtyenAM bhuktabhogAmajo'nyaH // ( zve0 415 ) iti / atra lohitazuklakRSNa zabdAH raJjakatva prakAzakatvAva rakatva sAdharyAt rajaH satvatamoguNatrayapratipAdanaparAH / zvetAzvatara upaniSad kI zruti bhI yahI kahatI hai -- ( sarUpAH ) samAna rUpavAlI ( bahvIH ) bahuta sI ( prajAH ) santAnoM ko ( sRjamAnAm ) utpanna karane vAlI ( ekAm ) eka ( lohitazuklakRNAm ) lAla, ujalI aura kAlI ( ajAm ) mUlaprakRti kI ( juSamANa: ) sevA karate hue ( eka: ) eka dUsarA ( aja: ) ajanmA puruSa ( anuzete ) pIchepIche calatA hai | ( anya : ) vaha dUsarA ( aja: ) ajanmA puruSa ( enAm ) isakA ( bhuktabhogAm ) bhoga kara lene para ( jahAti ) chor3a detA hai / ' ( zvetAzvatara upaniSad 4 / 5 ) / yahA~ lohita, zukla tathA kRSNa zabda kramazaH rajoguNa, sattvaguNa aura tamoguNa - ina tIna guNoM kA pratipAdana karate haiM, kyoMki ina zabdoM se kramazaH raMganevAle, prakAzita karanevAle tathA Dha~ka denevAle dharmoM kI samAnatA hai / vizeSa - zvetAzvatara upaniSad kI ukta zruti ko sAMkhya meM bar3A mahattva dete haiM, kyoMki yahIM sAMkhya darzana ke bIja prApta hote haiM / bakarA-bakarI kA rUpaka dekara adhyAtma vidyA kA upadeza denevAle zloka meM sAMkhya darzana apane tattvoM se vidyamAna hai / mUla prakRti aura puruSa kamazaH ajA aura aja haiM, kyoMki donoM ajanmA haiN| tIna guNoM ko hI prakRti kahate haiM / ina guNoM ko AlaMkArika bhASA meM lohita, zukla aura kRSNa kahA hai| lAla raMga sAr3I Adi ko raMga detA hai, padArthoM meM rahanevAlA rajoguNa bhI prekSakoM ko raMga detA hai / isa prakAra raMga aura rajoguNa se raJjakatva dharma sAdhAraNa ( Common ) hai, isalie lohita se rajoguNa kA bodha hotA hai / ujale padArtha jaise sUrya Adi prakAzaka hote haiM, udhara sattvaguNa bhI

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sAMsya-varzanam 549 prakAzaka hai / basa, prakAzakatva kA dharma samAna hone se zukla zabda satvaguNa kA bodhaka huaa| kAle padArtha, jaise megha Adi sUryAdi ke Avaraka ( DhaMkanevAle ) haiM / tamoguNa bhI Avaraka hI hai, ataH kRSNa zabda kA artha tamoguNa hI hai / prakRti ko jahA~ 'lohitazuklakRSNA' kahA hai, vahA~ usakA artha 'triguNAtmikA' hai| ___yaha triguNAtmikA prakRti apane hI anurUpa ( = triguNAtmaka ) bahuta se padArthoM kI sRSTi karatI hai / padArthoM ko prajA kahA gayA hai / baddha puruSa isI prakRti kI sevA meM lagA rahatA hai / prakRti ke kAryoM ko ( buddhi, mana Adi ko ) apanA hI samajhakara prakRti ke sAthasAtha saMsAra meM ghUmatA rahatA hai / dUsarA mukta puruSa isa prakRti ko chor3a detA hai, kyoMki vaha prakRti kA puruSa se pArthakya jAna letA hai / vaha mukta puruSa eka bAra prakRti kA bhoga kara cukA hai, isalie prakRti usake lie 'bhuktabhogA' hai| isa mantra meM pUrvArdha prakRti ke lie hai, uttarArdha meM puruSa kA varNana huA hai| do prakAra ke puruSa bhI mAnanA sAMkhyoM ke bahupuruSavAda kA paricAyaka hai / vAcaspati ne apanI tattvakaumudI kA Arambha isI mantra kI saMgati baiThAkara kiyA hai| (10. pradhAna ko nirapekSatA ) nanvacetanaM pradhAnaM cetanAnadhiSThitaM mahadAdikArye na vyaapriyte| ataH kenaciccetanenAdhiSThAtrA bhavitavyam / tathA ca sarvArthadarzI paramezvaraH svIkartavyaH syAditi cet tadasaMgatam / acetanasyApi pradhAnasya prayojanavazena prvttyupptteH| ___ yaha zaMkA hotI hai ki acetana pradhAna ( prakRti ) kisI cetana kI sahAyatA liye binA mahata Adi kAryoM ko utpanna karane kA kAma nahIM kara sktii| binA cAlaka ke moTaragAr3I nahIM daur3a jAtI / dRSTa AdhAra para hI to adRSTa kI siddhi hotI hai| binA cetana kartA kI sahAyatA liye acetana vastu kucha bhI kAma nahIM kregii| ] isalie [ prakRti ke isa vyApAra ke pIche ] kisI cetana adhiSThAtA ( kartA ) kA rahanA jarUrI hai| aisI dazA meM sabhI padArthoM ko dekhanevAle paramezvara ko mAnanA pdd'egaa| ____yaha zaMkA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki yadyapi pradhAna acetana hai phira bhI kisI vizeSa prayojana se vaha pravRtta hotA hai [ aura apane vyApAra meM lagatA hai ] / ___ dRSTaM cAcetanaM cetanAnadhiSThitaM puruSArthAya pravartamAnaM yathAvatsavivaddhayarthamacetanaM kSIraM pravartate, yathA ca jalamacetanaM lokopakArAya pravartate, tathA prakRtiracetanApi puruSavimokSAya pravartyati / taduktam1. ajAmekAM lohitazuklakRSNAM bahvIH prajAH sRjamAnAM namAmaH / ajA ye tAM juSamANAM bhajante jahatyenAM bhuktabhogAM numastAn / / (ta0 ko0 maMgala, 1)

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550 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe10. vatsavivaddhinimittaM kSIrasya yathA pravRttirajasya / puruSavimokSanimittaM tathA pravRttiH pradhAnasya // (sAM0 kA0 57 ) iti / yahI dekhate bhI haiM ki acetana padArtha cetana kI sahAyatA liye hI binA manuSyoM ko arthasiddhi ke lie pravRtta hotA hai / jaise bacce ke pAlana-poSaNa ke lie acetana dUdha pravRtta hotA hai ( mAM ke stana meM calA AtA hai ) aura jaise acetana jala saMsAra ke upakAra ke lie pravRtta hotA hai usI prakAra prakRti acetana hone para bhI puruSa ke mokSa ke lie pravRtta hogI, [ isameM Azcarya kyoM karate haiM ? ] yaha kahA bhI hai-'jaise bacce ke pAlana-poSaNa ke lie ( ke prayojana se ) ajJa arthAt acetana dUdha kI bhI pravRtti ( kriyA ) dekhI jAtI hai usI prakAra puruSa kI mukti ke lie pradhAna yA prakRti kI pravRtti hotI hai|' (sAM0 kA0 57 ) / vizeSa--yahA~ loga pUcha sakate haiM ki pradhAna kI pravRtti se puruSa kA mokSa kaise hotA hai ? mokSa kA artha hai duHkha kI nivRtti / duHkha kI nivRtti tabhI ho sakatI hai jaba puruSa aura prakRti ke bheda kA jJAna ho jAya / prakRti atyanta sUkSma hone ke kAraNa durgama hai, isalie puruSa ko usase apane bheda kA jJAna prApta karanA Ter3hI khIra hai| jaba prakRti kAryotpAdana meM lagatI hai taba usake bar3e-bar3e bhautika kArya sthUla rUpa se dikhalAI par3ate haiM / puruSa AsAnI se una padArthoM se apanA bheda kara letA hai| phira vaha una sthUla kAryoM ke kAraNa sUkSma tattvoM se bhI bheda kara letA hai / anta meM sUkSmatama prakRti se bhI pArthakya kA jJAna use ho jAtA hai| jaise arundhatI nAmaka sUkSma tAre ko dikhalAne ke lie anya tAroM ko dikhalAte-dikhalAte dhyAna kendrita ho jAne para arundhatI ko dikhalA dete haiM vaise hI puruSa ko bhI prakRti kA jJAna hotA hai| (10 ka. paramezvara pravartaka nahIM hai ) __ yastu 'paramezvaraH karuNayA pravartakaH' iti paramezvarAstitvavAdinAM DiNDimaH sa garbhasrAveNa gataH / viklpaanupptteH| sa kiM sRSTeH prAkpravartate sRSTyuttarakAlaM vA ? Aye zarIrAdyabhAvena duHkhAnutpattau jIvAnAM duHkhprhaannecchaanuppttiH| dvitIye prspraashryprsnggH| karuNayA sRSTiH sRSTayA ca kAruNyamiti / paramezvara ko sattA mAnanevAle loga ( naiyAyika Adi ) jo yaha DhiMDhorA pITate haiM ki paramezvara dayA ke kAraNa saMsAra kI [ racanA karane meM ] pravRtta hotA hai vaha to garbhapAta ke samAna naSTa ho gyaa| kAraNa yaha hai ki isa dazA meM isa para uThAye gaye vikalpoM kA khaNDana ho jAtA hai| kyA vaha sRSTi ke pahale pravRtta hotA hai yA sRSTi ke bAda ? pahalA vikalpa isalie ThIka nahIM ki zarIra Adi ke abhAva meM duHkha kI utpatti nahIM hogI, [ duHkha zarIra meM hI hotA hai, jIvoM kA usa samaya zarIra hI nahIM hai ] ataH jIvoM meM duHkha

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sAMkhya-darzanam 551 ko haTAne kI icchA ( karuNA ) nahIM mAnI jA sakatI [ aura kaivalya yA mokSa nahIM hogA] / yadi dUsarA vikalpa mAnate haiM ki sRSTi ke bAda karuNA se Izvara pravRtta hotA hai taba to anyonyAzrayadoSa hI ho jaaygaa| karuNA se sRSTi hotI hai ( ApakA apanA siddhAnta ) aura sRSTi hone para karuNA hotI hai ( prasaMga kA A jAnA ) / (11. prakRti-puruSa kA sambandha ) tasmAdacetanAsyApi cetanAnadhiSThitasya pradhAnasya mahadAdirUpeNa pariNAmaH puruSArthaprayuktaH prdhaanpurusssNyognimittH| yathA nirvyApArasyApyayaskAntasya sannidhAnena vyApArastathA nirvyApArasya puruSasya sannidhAnena pradhAnavyApAro yujyte| prakRtipuruSasambandhazca paGgvandhavat parasparApekSAnibandhanaH / prakRtihi bhogyatayA bhoktAraM puruSamapekSate / puruSo'pi bhedAgrahAd buddhicchAyApattyA tadgataM duHkhatrayaM vArayamANaH kaivalyamapekSate / tatprakRtipuruSanibandhanaM na ca tadantareNa yuktamiti kaivalyArtha puruSaH prdhaanmpeksste| ___isalie acetana hone para bhI tathA kisI cetana sattA kA Azraya na lene para bhI pradhAna kA pariNAma (vikAra ) mahat Adi karmoM ke rUpa meM hotA hai jo puruSa ke lAbha ke lie upayogI evaM pradhAna aura puruSa ke saMyoga ke lie hI hotA hai| jaise niSkriya cumbaka ke bhI samparka meM Ane se lohe meM kriyA utpanna hotI hai usI prakAra niSkriya puruSa ke samparka se pradhAna meM kriyA utpanna honA yuktiyukta hai| prakRti-puruSa kA sambandha andhe aura laMgar3e kI taraha paraspara apekSA para nirbhara karatA hai / cUMki prakRti svayaM bhAgya hai isalie bhoktA puruSa kI apekSA rakhatI hai| puruSa bhI, bheda kA jJAna nahIM rahane se tathA [ apane Upara ] buddhi kA pratibimba par3a jAne se, buddhigata tInoM duHkhoM ko haTAte hue mokSa cAhatA hai| [ buddhi prakRti kA eka pariNAma hai, kintu jaba isakI chAyA puruSa para par3a jAtI hai taba usase apanA antara na jAnakara vaha puruSa buddhi meM utpanna sukha, duHkha Adi ko apanA sukha, duHkha hI samajhane lagatA hai / ata: unake nivAraNa ke lie use mokSa kI apekSA rahatI hai| ] yaha mokSa ( kevalya ) prakRti aura puruSa [ ke bheda-jJAna ] para nirbhara karatA hai, usake binA yaha nahIM ho sakatA isalie kaivalya kI prApti ke lie puruSa [ bhedajJAna ke lie bheda ke pratiyogI ] pradhAna kI apekSA rakhatA hai| yathA khalu kaucitpaGgvandhau pathi sArthena gacchantI devakRtAdupaplavAtparityaktasAthau mandamandamitastataH paribhramantI bhayAkulo daivavazAtsaMyogamupagacchetAm / tatra cAndhena paGguH skndhmaaropitH| tataH paGgudazitena mArgeNAndhaH samIhitaM sthAna prApnoti, paGgurapi skndhaadhiruuddhH| tathA parasparApekSapradhAnapuruSanibandhanaH sargaH / yathoktam

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe 11. puruSasya darzanArthaM kaivalyArthaM tathA pradhAnasya / pavandhavadubhayorapi sambandhastatkRtaH sargaH // ( sAM0 kA 0 21 ) iti / jaise koI andhA aura laMgar3A rAha meM kisI dala ke sAtha jA rahe the| kisI devI upadrava se dala se unakA sAtha chUTa gayA / ve becAre Dara ke mAre idhara-udhara ghUma rahe the ki devayoga se unakA milana Apasa meM hI ho gayA / aba andhe ne laMgar3e ko apane kandhe para car3hA liyA / taba laMgar3e ke dikhalAye rAste para calate-calate andhA apane abhISTa sthAna para pahu~ca gayA / laMgar3A bhI kandhe para car3he - hI car3he [ AsAnI se vahA~ pahu~ca gayA ] / usa prakAra paraspara apekSA rakhanevAle pradhAna aura puruSa ke kAraNa sRSTi ( sarga ) calatI hai / jaisA ki kahA hai - [ pradhAna apane karmoM ko ] dikhalAne ke lie puruSa kI apekSA rakhatA hai aura usI taraha [ puruSa apane ] kaivalya yA mokSa kI prApti ke lie pradhAna kI apekSA karatA hai - isa taraha donoM kA sambandha paMgu aura andha ke samAna hai jisase sRSTi utpanna hotI hai / ' [ paMgu ko gatizakti nahIM hai vaha apane sthAna para jAne ke lie gatimAn vyakti kI apekSA rakhatA hai to andhA milatA hai / andhA hai to use dRSTimAn la~gar3e kI sahAyatA milatI hai / donoM kA hai ! yahA~ puruSa niSkriya hone ke kAraNa paMgu ke samAna hai, pradhAna acetana hone ke kAraNa andhe kI taraha hai / laMgar3e ke sambandha se andhA mArga meM cala sambandha se pradhAna pravRtta hotA hai / andhe ke sambandha se paMgu abhISTa sthAna para pahu~catA hai vaise hI pradhAna ke sambandha se puruSa vivekajJAna ke dvArA mokSa pAtA hai / ] ( sAM0 kA0 21 ) / udhara dRSTizakti se rahita paraspara saMyoga ho jAtA par3atA hai, vaise hI puruSa ke vizeSa - sAMkhya ke prakRti - puruSa -sambandha meM jo andhA-laMgar3A kI upamA dI gaI hai| usakI ghora AlocanA huI hai / prAyaH logoM ne saMketa kiyA hai ki andhA aura laMgar3A donoM hI cetana haiM, Apasa meM sAtha calane ke lie samajhautA kara sakate haiM / yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki ve eka-eka indriya se rahita haiM / prakRti aura puruSa meM koI dharma samAna nahIM, eka jar3a hai, dUsarA cetana / donoM meM samajhautA kaise ho sakatA hai ? 552 ( 12. prakRti kI nivRtti - pralaya ) nanu puruSArthanibandhanA bhavatu prakRteH pravRttiH / nivRttistu kathamupapadyata iti cet -- ucyate / yathA bhartrA dRSTadoSA svairiNI punarbhartAraM nopaiti, yathA vA kRtaprayojanA nartakI nivartate tathA prakRtirapi / yathoktam 12. raGgasya darzayitvA nivartate nartakI yathA nRtyAt / puruSasya tathAtmAnaM prakAzya vinivartate prakRtiH // ( sA0 kA0 59 ) iti /

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sAMkhya darzanam etacca nirIzvarasAMkhyazAstrapravartakakapilAdimatAnusAriNAM mupanyastam 11 iti zrImatsAyaNa mAdhavIye sarvadarzanasaMgrahe sAMkhyadarzanam // 553 mata aba zaMkA hotI hai ki pradhAna kI pravRtti bhale hI puruSa ke kAma ke lie ho, para doSa dekha liye jAne athavA jaise apanA [ puruSa ko apanA usakI nivRtti kaise hogI ? isakA uttara hai ki jaise pati ke dvArA para svecchAcAriNI strI phira apane pati ke pAsa lauTakara nahIM AtI kAma samApta kara lene para nartakI calI jAtI hai vaise hI prakRti bhI kAryasamUha yA pariNAma dikhAkara nivRtta ho jAtI hai / ] jaise kahA gayA hai - darzaka - maNDalI ko [ nRtya ] dikhAkara jaise koI nartakI apane nRtya se alaga ho jAtI hai vaise hI puruSa ko apanA svarUpa ( sthUla pariNAma ) dikhalAkara prakRti bhI nivRtta ho jAtI hai / ' sAM0 kA 0 59 ) / nirIzvara sAMkhyazAstra ke pravartaka kapila Adi AcAryoM kA mata mAnanevAle logoM kA yaha siddhAnta yahAM upasthita kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra zrIsAyaNamAdhava ke sarvadarzanasaMgraha meM sAMkhyadarzana samApta huA / iti bAlakavinomAzaGkareNa racitAyAM sarvadarzanasaMgrahasya prakAzAkhyAyAM vyAkhyAyAM sAMkhyadarzanamavasitam //

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15 pAtaJjala - darzanam cittasya vRttimanurudhya susAdhanAbhi javaH samAdhimadhigacchati yanmatena / yogAstathA vasumitA adhiyogazAstraM yenAzritA mama pataJjalaye namo'smai // - RSiH ( 1. yogasUtra kI viSaya-vastu ) sAmprataM sezvarasAMkhyapravartakapataJjaliprabhRtimunimatamanuvartamAnAnAM matamupanyasyate / tatra sAMkhyapravacanAparanAmadheyaM yogazAstraM pataJjalipraNItaM pAdacatuSTayAtmakam / tatra prathame pAde 'atha yogAnuzAsanam ' ( yo0 sU0 11) iti yogazAstrapratijJAM vidhAya 'yogazcittavRttinirodhaH' ( yo0 sU0 12 ) ityAvinA yogalakSaNamabhidhAya samAdhi saprapazvaM niradikSa dbhagavAnpataJjaliH / 1 aba sezvara sAMkhya-darzana ke pravartaka pataJjali Adi ( = hiraNyagarbha, yAjJavalkya Adi ) muniyoM ke mata kA anusaraNa karanevAle logoM ke siddhAntoM kI vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai / [ kapila ke dvArA pratipAdita sAMkhya darzana ko nirIzvarasAMkhya kahA gayA hai, kyoMki ve apane darzana meM Izvara nAmaka koI padArtha svIkAra nahIM krte| yogazAstra meM sabhI viSayoM para sAMkhya se sahamata hote hue bhI Izvara ke viSaya meM vimati hai / ye loga puruSa - vizeSa ke rUpa meM Izvara ko bhI svIkAra karate haiM / isIlie sezvara sAMkhya ke nAma se hai / sAMkhya aura yoga anya pakSoM para sahamata hone se samAnatantra bhI dUsare ke pUraka haiM / siddhAntoM kI vivecanA sAMkhya meM huI hai jaba ki vyAvahArika pakSa kA vicAra yoga meM huA hai / pataJjali hI isake upalabdha pravartaka mAne jAte haiM, kyoMki inakA yogasUtra bahuta prasiddha hai / inake pUrva bhI kucha yogI ho gaye the kintu unake granthoM kA pracAra na hone se mAdhavAcArya unheM 'prabhUti' zabda ke antargata rakhate haiM / ] yaha darzana prasiddha kahalAte haiM - ve eka to yogazAstra meM, jisakA dUsarA nAma 'sAMkhyapravacana' bhI hai tathA jisakI racanA pataMjali ne kI hai, cAra pAda ( samAdhi, sAdhana, vibhUti, kevalya ) haiM / unameM prathama pAda meM 'atha yogAnuzAsanam ' ( aba yoga kA vizleSaNa hogA, yo0 sU0 111 ) isa sUtra meM yogazAstra kI pratijJA dekara bhagavAn pataJjali ne 'yogazcittavRttinirodhaH ( citta kI vRttiyoM ko roka denA hI yoga hai - yo0 sU0 112 ) - isa sUtra ke dvArA yoga kA lakSaNa batalA

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pAtaJjala-darzanam kara, vistArapUrvaka samAdhi ( Concentration ) kA nirdeza kiyA hai| [ 'atha' zabda svarUpa se to maMgala-bodhaka hai, kintu artha hai usakA adhikAra arthAt Arambha / anuzAsana = vivecanA karake bodha karAnA / samAdhi = samyak rUpa se AdhAna (citta kI avasthiti ) / yogazAstra meM samAdhi ke do bheda diye gaye haiM--samprajJAta aura asamprajJAta / saMzaya, viparyayAdi se pRthak hokara ( sam ) acchI taraha (pra) dhyeya kA svarUpa jisameM jJAta ho vahI samprajJAta hai / asamprajJAta samAdhi meM dhyAna karanevAle tathA dhyeya Izvara donoM kA bheda miTa jAtA hai|] dvitIye 'tapaHsvAdhyAyezvarapraNidhAnAni kriyAyogaH' ( pAta0 yo0 sa0 211) ityAdinA vyutthitacittasya kriyAyogaM yamAdIni ca paJca bahiraGgAni sAdhanAni / tRtIye 'dezabandhazcittasya dhAraNA' (pAta0 yo sU0 311) ityAdinA dhAraNAdhyAnasamAdhitrayamantaraGga saMyamapadavAcyaM tadavAntaraphalaM vibhUtijAtam / dvitIya pAda meM-tapa, svAdhyAya aura Izvara-praNidhAna ( Izvara meM sAre kAmoM ko arpaNa kara denA ) hI kriyAyoga hai' ( yo0 sU0 2 / 1 )-isa prakAra ke sUtroM se, jisa vyakti kA citta abhI samAdhiyukta nahIM huA hai, usake lie vyAvahArika yoga arthAta yama Adi pA~ca bahiraMga sAdhanoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| tRtIya pAda meM 'citta ko eka sthAna meM bAMdha denA hI dhAraNA hai' ( yo0 sU0 3 / 1 ) ityAdi sUtroM se dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi, ina tIna antaraGga sAdhanoM kA [ nirdeza kiyA hai ], jinheM samaSTi-rUpa meM 'saMyama' bhI kahate haiM tathA inake jo gauNa phala vibhinna vibhUtiyoM ( atimAnava zaktiyoM ) ke rUpa meM prApta hote haiM, unakA nirdeza bhI kiyA gayA hai| vizeSa-kriyAtmaka ( vyAvahArika ) yoga meM ye tIna cIjeM AtI haiM-tapa, svAdhyAya aura Izvara kA praNidhAna / inheM hama yoga kA sAdhana kaha sakate haiM / tapa ke antargata brahmagurusevA, satyabhASaNa, maunagrahaNa, apane Azrama dharma kA pAlana, dvandvoM kA sahana, mitAhAra Adi vrata Ate haiM / inake pAlana meM zarIra ko sukhAnA nahIM hai, anyathA zarIra ke kSINa ho jAne se yoga meM vyAghAta par3egA / svAdhyAya kA artha hai-praNava, zrIsUkta, rudrasUkta, brahmavidyA Adi kA pArAyaNa karanA / phala kI kAmanA na karate hue, kRta karmoM ko parama guru Izvara ko sauMpa denA Izvara-praNidhAna hai / isa kriyAyoga se samAdhi kI bhAvanA tathA klezoM ( avidyA, asmitA, rAga, dveSa abhiniveza ) kA durbalIkaraNa hotA hai| ina kriyAyogoM kA varNana dvitIyapAda ke prathama sUtra se Arambha karake 28 veM sUtra taka huA hai / zeSa sUtroM meM aSTAMga yoga ke pAMca aMgoM-yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma aura pratyAhAra-kA 1. tulanIya-imaM guNasamAhAramanAtmatvena pazyataH / antaHzItalatA yasya samAdhiriti kathyate / / ( yo0 vA0 )

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556 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe varNana hai / ye pA~ca aMga yoga ( cittavRtti nirodha ) ke bAhya sAdhana haiM / inakA varNana pRthakpRthak kareM / ( 1 ) yama-ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacaryaM aura aparigraha ko yama kahate haiM / ye sArvabhauma vrata haiM tathA inheM jAti, deza, kAla aura AcAra ( paramparA ) kI sImA meM nahIM bAMdhA jA sakatA / prANI mAtra ko, kahIM bhI, kabhI bhI kisI ke lie bhI maiM nahIM mArUMgAyahI sArvabhauma vrata huA / prANa viyoga ke lie jo vyApAra kareM, vaha hiMsA hai aura isake viruddha ahiMsA hotI hai / vANI aura mana se vastu kA yathArtha nirUpaNa karanA satya hai / dUsaroM ke dravyoM kA haraNa nahIM karanA asteya hai / jananendriya kA niyaMtraNa karanA brahmacarya hai / bhoga ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM jo vastueM hoM unheM svIkAra na karanA aparigraha hai / ( 2 ) niyama - zauca, santoSa, tapa, svAdhyAya aura Izvara kA praNidhAna karanA ( karmArpaNa karanA ) - ye pA~ca niyama haiM / pavitra rahanA zauca hai / zarIra yA mana se pavitra rahA jA sakatA hai / miTTI, jala Adi se zarIra kI bAhya zuddhi hogI tathA paMcagavya Adi khAne se Antarika zuddhi | acchI-acchI bhAvanA karake rAga, dveSAdi mAnasika maloM ko dho denA mAnasa zucitA hai / tRSNA na honA santoSa hai / dUsare niyamoM kA varNana pahale hI kara cuke haiM / (3) Asana - jisa rUpa meM sAdhaka sthiratA se ( dera taka ) tathA sukhapUrvaka baiTha sake, vahI Asana hai / padmAsana, siddhAsana Adi prasiddha haiM jisameM hAtha paira Adi zArIrika avayavoM ko eka vizeSa prakAra se rakhA jAtA hai / Asana sthira ho jAne para zIta, uSNa Adi se pIr3A nahIM hotI hai / ( 4 ) prANAyAma - Asana sthira ho jAne para zvAsa ( nAsikA ke chedoM se vAyu kA andara jAnA ) aura prazvAsa ( vAyu kA bAhara AnA ), donoM kI gati kA nirodha kara denA praNAyAma hai / vAyu jahA~ hai vahIM raha jAya jisase citta bhI sthira ho jAya / aisA citta zabdAdi viSayoM ke sAtha sambaddha nahIM ho sakatA / pariNAma yaha hogA ki zrotrAdi indriyAM bhI viSayoM se vimukha ho jAyeMgI / (5) pratyAhAra - indriyoM kA apane viSayoM se vimukha hokara citta ke svarUpa kA anukaraNa karanA pratyAhAra kahalAtA hai / indriyoM ko rokanevAlA citta hI hai / citta ke ruka jAne se ye indriyA~ bhI niruddha ho jAtI haiM / ye pA~coM upAya yoga ke bahiraMga sAdhana haiM, kyoMki citta ko sthira karane ke bAda kramazaH samAdhi taka pahu~cA jA sakatA hai / dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi cUMki samAdhi ke svarUpa kI niSpatti karate haiM, ataH antaraMga sAdhana kahalAte haiM / inakA varNana tRtIya pAda ( vibhUtipAda) meM huA hai / samAdhi ko hI yoga kahate haiM, yaha yoga-rUpI vRkSa cittarUpI kheta meM yama-niyama ke dvArA bIja prApta karatA hai, Asana-prANAyAma se aMkurita hotA hai,

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pAtaJjala- darzanam pratyAhAra ke dvArA isameM phUla lagate haiM aura anta meM dhAraNA Adi antaraMga sAdhanoM ke dvArA phalavAna hotA hai / ina tIna sAdhanoM kA varNana bhI kareM / - ( 6 ) dhAraNA - nAbhicakra, hRdaya, nAsikA Adi sthAnoM meM citta ko ekAgra ( Concentrate ) kara lenA dhAraNA hai / deza koI bhI ho - mUrti ho yA apanA ho zarIra, kintu citta kI ekAgratA honI cAhie / (7) dhyAna-dhAraNA meM kisI deza meM citta kI vRtti ( pratyaya ) eka sthAna para sthira kI jAtI hai - aba vaha vRtti isa prakAra se samAna pravAha ke dvArA lagAtAra ugatI rahe ki dUsarI koI vRtti bIca meM na Aye, taba use dhyAna kahate haiM ( tatra pratyayekatAnatA dhyAnam 3 / 2 ) / (8) samAdhi - yaha dhyAna jaba kevala dhyeya vastu ke AkAra meM ho jAya, na dhyAna rahe na dhyAtA, taba use samAdhi kahate haiM / dhyAnAvasthA meM dhyAna-kriyA, dhyAna karanevAle tathA dhyeya vastu kI bhI pratIti hotI hai / kintu abhyAsa bar3hAne para tInoM jaba ekAkAra hokara dhyeya ke svarUpa meM hI pratIta hone lageM taba usa avasthA kA nAma samAdhi ho jAtA hai| 557 ina tInoM antaraMga sAdhanoM kA sammilita nAma saMyama hai jisake do phala haiM - mukhya phala yoga hI hai, kintu gauNaphala haiM nAnA prakAra kI vibhUtiyAM jaise -- bhUta-bhaviSyat kI bAtoM kA jJAna, pazu-pakSI Adi kI bolI samajhane kI zakti, dUsare janma kI bAtoM kA jJAna, dUsare ke mana kI bAtoM ko jAnane kI zakti, antardhAna ho jAne kI zakti Adi / ina saboM kA varNana vibhUtipAda meM kiyA gayA hai / caturthe 'janmauSadhimantra tapaH samAdhijAH siddhayaH' ( pAta yo0 sU0 4 / 1 ) ityAdinA siddhi pazcakaprapazvanapurassaraM paramaM prayojanaM kaivalyam / pradhAnAdIni paJcaviMzatitattvAni prAcInAnyeva sammatAni / SaDvaMzastu paramezvaraH klezakarma vipAkAzayaM raparAmRSTaH puruSaH svecchayA nirmANakAyamadhiSThAya laukika vaidika sampradAyapravartakaH saMsArAGgAre tapyamAnAnAM prANabhRtAmanugrAhakazca / caturtha pAda meM - janma, auSadhi, mantra, tapa aura samAdhi se utpanna honevAlI siddhiyA~ haiM' ( yo0 sU0 4 / 1 ) ityAdi sUtroM ke dvArA pA~ca prakAra kI siddhiyoM kA vistAra karate hue parama lakSya kaivalya kA nirdeza pataJjali ne kiyA 1 [ sAdhana ke bheda se siddhiyoM ke pA~ca bheda kiye gaye haiM / jo siddhiyAM janma se hI prApta rahatI haiM unheM janmaja kahate haiM, jaise pakSiyoMke ur3ane kI siddhi yA devatAoM kI siddhi / kucha siddhiyA~ auSadhiyoM ke sevana se prApta hotI haiM, jaise pArA Adi kA sevana karake zarIra meM vilakSaNa pariNAma utpanna karanA / mantra se honevAlI siddhiyoM meM iSTadeva kI prApti pradhAna

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558 sarvadarzanasaMgrahehai / tapa ke prabhAva se bhI azuddhi dUra hokara zarIra aura indriyoM kI siddhi hotI hai| samAdhi se utpanna honevAlI siddhiyoM kA varNana vibhUtiyoM ke rUpa meM nirdiSTa hai / aNimAdi, ajaratva, amaratva, AkAzagamana Adi mukhya siddhiyA~ haiM / ukta aSTAMga yoga se yoga kI prApti hotI hai, tava prakRti-puruSa kA bheda sAkSAtkAra ke rUpa meM milatA hai| puruSa kA jJAna ho jAne para mokSa kI prApti hotI hai-mokSa kA artha hai duHkha kA Atyantika vinAza / ina saboM kA nirUpaNa caturtha pAda meM huA hai| ] pradhAna Adi pacIsa tattva to pahale-jaise ( sAMkhya-darzana ke anusAra ) hI yahA~ bhI svIkRta haiM / hA~, chabbIsavA~ tattva paramezvara hai jo kleza ( avidyAdi ), karma, vipAka tathA Azaya se aspRSTa (achUtA ) rahanevAlA puruSa hI hai (de0 yo0 sU0 124 ) / apanI icchA se hI vaha zarIroM kA nirmANa karake laukika aura vaidika sampradAyoM kA pravartana karate hae, saMsAra kI dAvAgni meM jalanevAle jIvoM para anugraha bhI karatA hai| sAMkhya-darzana ke sAre siddhAntoM ko mAnane para bhI pAtaJjala-darzana kI eka vizeSatA hai ki isameM Izvara kI sattA mAnI jAtI hai / Izvara kA lakSaNa pataJjali isa rUpa meM dete haiM--klezakarmavipAkAzayaraparAmRSTaH puruSavizeSa IzvaraH ( 1 / 24 ) / avidyA Adi klezoM kA varNana Age karate haiM jisake kAraNa kleza kahalAte haiM / niSiddha aura vihita do prakAra ke karma hote haiM jinheM dUsare zabdoM meM dharma aura adharma kahate haiM / karma ke phala vipAka kahe jAte haiM jo janma, Ayu aura bhoga ke rUpa meM tIna haiM / jo mana meM avasthita rahate haiM ( Azerate, ve Azaya arthAt saMskAra haiM / ina saba mAnavIya vizeSatAoM se Izvara tInoM kAloM meM achUtA rahatA hai| sAMkhya-darzana ke jIvoM ( puruSoM ) ko ye doSa vyApta kara lete haiM kintu Izvara ina se pare hai| Izvara apanI icchA se eka yA eka sAtha hI aneka zarIra banA sakatA hai-ise nirmANakAya kahate haiM / Izvara sampradAya kA pravartana tathA jIvoM para anugraha karatA hai ye donoM liMga Izvara kA anumAna karAne meM sahAyaka hote haiM arthAt Izvara anumeya bhI hai| (2. mokSa ke viSaya meM zaMkA aura usakA samAdhAna ) nanu puSkarapalAzavanirlepasya tasya tapyabhAvaH kathamupapadyate yena paramezvaro'nugrAhakatayA kakSIkriyata iti cet-ucyate / tApakasya rajasaH sattvameva tapyaM buddhadhAtmanA pariNatamiti sattve paritapyamAne tadAropavazena tadabhedAvagAhipuruSo'pi tapyata ityucyate / taduktamAcArya:1. sattvaM tapyaM buddhibhAvena vRttaM bhAvA ye vA raajsaastaapkaaste| tapyAbhedagrAhiNI tAmasI yA . vRttistasyAM tapya ityukta AtmA // iti / aba prazna ho sakatA hai ki kamala ke patte kI taraha nirlepa ( kisI se bhI asambaddha ) jIva tApa kA viSaya ( tapya ) kaise bana sakatA hai jisake calate usa para anugraha karane ke

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pAtaJjala-darzanam 559 lie ( use mukta karane ke lie ) Apako paramezvara ko sattA mAnanI par3atI hai ? usakA uttara diyA jAtA hai---jo sattvaguNa buddhi ke rUpa meM pariNata ( vikasita ) hotA hai vahI tapta kiyA jAtA hai aura use tapta karanevAlA hai rajoguNa / isa prakAra satva ke paritapta hone para, usI ( buddhitattva ) para apanA AropaNa karake, usake sAtha abheda sambandha samajhanevAlA puruSa bhI santapta ho rahA hai, aisA loga kahate haiM [ Azaya yaha hai-jIva svayaM na to tapta hotA hai na dUsare ko tapta hI karatA hai| [ kintu buddhigata sattvAMza tapta hotA hai aura rajoguNa kA aMza tapta karatA hai| eka tapya hai dUsarA taapk| cUM ki buddhi pradhAna kA pariNAma hai tathA pradhAna meM tIna guNa haiM ataH ve tInoM guNa buddhi ke rUpa meM bhI pariNata hote haiM / jIva svayaM to tapya nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki vaha kriyA se rahita hai tathA pariNAma bhI usameM nahIM hotA / ataH kriyA se utpanna phaloM ke Azraya-karma kI sambhAvanA usameM hai hI nhiiN| buddhi ke saMtapta hone para mar3ha loga samajhate haiM ki pratibimba ke rUpa meM usI kI taraha kA puruSa bhI anutapta ho rahA hai / yadyapi buddhi aura jIva meM bheda hai kintu ve buddhi ke dharmoM ko apane Upara Aropita kara dete haiM / vidvAnoM kI dRSTi se puruSa para bhoktA hone kA pratibimba to par3atA hI hai / ataH buddhigata duHkha ko hI haTAne ke lie prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| ] aisA hI AcAryoM ne kahA hai-'buddhi ke rUpa meM pariNata honevAlA ( pradhAna ke vikAra ke rUpa meM sthita buddhi ) satva hI tapya hotA hai| jo padArtha rajoguNa se sambaddha haiM ve hI tApaka haiM / tapya ( arthAt buddhigata sattvAMza ) ke sAtha abheda grahaNa karanevAlI jo tAmasI ( ajJAnamUlaka ) manovRtti hai usI para [ abheda kA AropaNa karane se ] AtmA arthAt jIva hI tapya hai, aisA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai|' [ sArAMza yaha hai ki buddhi ke guNoM ke tapya, tApaka hone se una guNoM kA jIva para Aropa karake kahA jAtA hai ki jIva hI santapta ho rahA hai|] paJcazikhenApyuktam-apariNAminI hi bhoktRzaktirapratisaMkramA ca pariNAminyarthe pratisaMkrAnteva tdvttimnupttiiti| bhoktRzaktiriti cicchaktirucyate / tA cAtmaiva / pariNAminyarthe buddhitattve pratisaMkrAnteva pratibimbiteva tadvattimanupatatIti buddhau pratibimbitA sA cicchaktibuddhicchAyApattyA buddhivRttyanukAravatIti bhAvaH / ___ paMcazikhAcArya ne bhI kahA hai-'bhoktA kI zakti ( buddhi-zakti dhAraNa karanevAlA puruSa) svayaM pariNata yA vikRta nahIM ho sakatI, isakA pratisaMkramaNa (vikAra utpanna karane ke lie dUsarI vastu se saMyoga ) bhI nahIM ho sakatA-phira bhI pariNata ho sakanevAlI vastuoM para mAnoM pratibimbita hotI hai tathA usakI vRttiyoM ( dharmoM ) kA anusaraNa bhI - etI hai|' ( yo0 sU0 2 / 20 para vyAsa bhASya meM uddhRta ) / bhoktA ko zari ko hI cit zakti

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560 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe kahate haiM / vaha aura koI nahIM, AtmA hI hai / AtmA hI pariNata honevAlI vastu-buddhitattva-para pratisaMkrAnta arthAt pratibimbita-sI hotI hai tathA usakI vRttiyoM kA anusaraNa bhI karatI hai / isa prakAra buddhi meM vaha cicchakti ( AtmA ) pratibimbata hotI hai, usa para buddhi kA pratibimba par3atA hai tathA buddhi kI vRttiyoM kA anukaraNa bhI vaha karane lagatI hai [ jo dharma buddhi ke hote haiM unheM AtmA apane dharma samajhane lagatI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki buddhi kA sattvAMza tapta hotA hai aura AtmA apane ko tapta samajhatI hai| rajoguNAMza tapta karatA hai aura AtmA apane ko hI tApaka samajhatI hai / tamoguNa to yaha nATaka hI dikhAtA hai| buddhi aura AtmA kA abheda ho jAne se AtmA ko jJAnI kahane lagate haiM aura buddhi ko cetana kahane lagate haiM, para vastutaH donoM pRthaka haiM / tathA zuddho'pi puruSaH pratyayaM bauddhamanupazyati, tamanupazyannatadAtmApi tadAtmaka iva pratibhAsata iti / itthaM tapyamAnasya puruSasyAdara-nairantaryadIrghakAlAnubandhi-yama-niyamAdyaSTAGgayogAnuSThAnena paramezvarapraNidhAnena ca sattvapuruSAnyatAkhyAtAvanupaplavAya jAtAyAmavidyAdayaH paJca klezAH samUlakArSa kaSitA bhavanti / kuzalAkuzalAzca karmAzayAH samUlaghAtaM hatAH bhavanti / tatazca puruSasya nirlepasya kaivalyenAvasthAnaM kaivalyamiti siddham / isa taraha, yadyapi puruSa ( AtmA ) zuddha yA nirlepa hai, kintu buddhigata (viSayoM kA AkAra grahaNa karane ke rUpa meM ) pratyayoM (vicAroM, Ideas ) kA anukaraNa karatA hai / una vicAroM kA anukaraNa karate hue, yadyapi usake svarUpa kA nahIM hai ( = buddhi ke svarUpa nahIM hai ) tathApi buddhi ke rUpa meM hI pratibhAsita hotA hai| jo puruSa isa rUpa meM santapta ho rahA hai use, Adara ( tapa, zraddhA Adi ) ke sAtha, nirantara dIrghakAla taka calanevAle yamaniyamAdi aSTAMga yoga kA anuSThAna karane se tathA paramezvara ke prati apane sabhI karmoM kA arpaNa kara dene se, sattva ( buddhiguNa ) aura puruSa kI anyatA-khyAti ( bhedajJAna ), sabhI vighna-bAdhAoM se rahita hokara utpanna hotI hai tathA usI samaya avidyA Adi pAMcoM kleza mUla se hI ukhar3a jAte haiM / [ samUlakASam-samUla zabda ke upapada meM hone se kaS + Namula ( pA0 sU0 3 / 4 / 34 ) / usake bAda kaSa dhAtu kA hI anuprayoga ] / ___isake sAtha-sAtha puNya aura pApa ( kuzala-akuzala ) ke rUpa meM jo karmoM ke bhANDAra haiM ve bhI jar3a se naSTa kara diye jAte haiM / [ kleza kA mUla hai saMskAra, to saMskAroM ke sAtha kleza, aura karmAzaya bhI naSTa ho jAte haiM / samUla zabda upapada meM hai, hanu + Namula(pA0 sU0 3 / 4 / 36 ) / ] isake bAda nirlepa (zuddha) puruSa akelA ( kevala rUpa meM ) avasthita hotA hai, ise hI kaivalya kahate haiM-yaha siddha huaa| [jisa sambandha ke calate eka sambandhI ke dharma dUsare sambandhI meM kahe jAte haiM vaha lepa hai / jaba puruSa usa prakAra ke sambandha se mukta ho jAtA hai-prakRti se pRthak rUpa meM avasthita hotA hai, vahI to mokSa hai /

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pAtaJjala-darzanam ( 3. prathama sUtra kI vyAkhyA- 'artha' zabda kA artha ) tatra 'atha yogAnuzAsanam' ( pA0 yo0 sU0 111 ) iti prathamasUtreNa prekSAvatpravRtyaGga viSayaprayojanasambandhAdhikArirUpamanubandhacatuSTayaM pratipAdyate / 561 atrAyazabdo'dhikArArthaH svIkriyate / athazabdAsyAnekArthatve sambhavati kathamArambhAryatvapakSe pakSapAtaH sambhavet ? athazabdasya maGgalAdyanekArthatvaM nAmaliGgAnuzAsanenAnuziSTaM - 'maGgalAnantarArambhapraznakAtsnyeSvatho atha / ' ( amarako0 3 / 3 / 246 ) iti / atra praznakAtsyayorasambhave'pi AnantaryamaGgalapUrvaprakRtApekSA rambhalakSaNAnAM caturNAmarthAnAM sambhavAdArambhArthatvAnupapattiriti cet 'aba yoga kA vizleSaNa hogA' ( yo0 sU0 111 ) isa prathama sUtra ke dvArA vicArazIla vyaktiyoM kI pravRtti ke baMga ke rUpa meM viSaya ( Subjectmatter ), prayojana (Aim ), sambandha ( Relation ) aura adhikArI ( Qualified person ) rUpI cAra anubandhoM kA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai / [ prastuta sthala meM anubaMdha eka pAribhASika zabda hai / sabhI zAstroM ke Arambha meM ina cAra anubandhoM para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai vaha zAstra cAhe vyAkaraNa ho yA vedAnta, mAyurveda ho yA jyotiSa / zAstra meM jisa padArtha kA pratipAdana karanA ho use viSaya kahate haiN| kisI zAstra kA pratipAdya viSaya kyA hai ? usake pratipAdana kA kyA phala - - prayojana hai ? usa zAstra ke viSaya, phala aura adhikAriyoM meM kyA sambandha hai ? usa zAstra ke adhyayana kA adhikAra kina-kina vyaktiyoM ko hai ? ina saba bAtoM kI jAnakArI jaba taka nahIM hotI taba taka logoM kI pravRtti usa zAstra kI ora nahIM hogI / anubandha-catuSTaya ke jJAna ke anantara hI loga kisI zAstra meM pravRtti dikhA sakate haiM / laukika vyavahAra meM bhI kisI vastu kI ora hama tabhI abhimukha hote haiM jaba jAna lete haiM ki vaha kyA hai, usase kyA lAbha hai, usase adhikArI kauna haiM ? ityAdi / ] ukta sUtra meM 'artha' zabda adhikAra ( Arambha ) ke artha meM svIkRta hotA hai / yahA~ eka zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki jaba 'atha' zabda ke aneka artha ho sakate haiM taba kyA kAraNa hai ki Apa loga yahA~ Arambha ke artha para hI pakSapAta kara rahe haiM ? nAmaliMgAnuzAsana ( arthAt amarakoza ) meM 'atha' zabda ke maMgala Adi aneka artha diye haiM - 'atho aura atha, ye donoM zabda maMgala ( Auspiciousness ), anantara ( After ), Arambha ( adhikAra Beginning ), prazna ( Query ) tathA pUrNatA ( All ) - ina arthoM meM hote haiM' ( amarakoza 3 / 3 / 246 / [ atha zabda maMgala kA vAcaka to nahIM hotA, usakA sAdhana bhale hI ho sakatA hai / amarakoza meM aise zabdoM kA bhI saMgraha hai jo kisI artha ke vAcaka nahIM haiM-- jaise, tu, hi, ca, sma, ha Adi zabdoM kA padapUraNa artha denA / ina zabdoM kA padapUraNa vAcyArtha 36 sa0 saM0

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562 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe nahIM hai, apitu ve padapUraNa ke sAdhana mAtra haiM / ThIka vaise hI atha zabda kA vAcyArtha maMgala nahIM hai,-atha kA prayoga dekhakara hama kaha sakate haiM ki yahAM atha se maMgala kI siddhi hotI hai / atha ke dUsare arthoM ke ye udAharaNa haiM / anantara ( bAda ke artha meM )-snAnaM kRtvAtha muJjIta / Arambha-atha yogAnuzAsanam / prazna-atha vaktuM samartho'si ( kyA tuma bola sakate ho ) ? pUrNatA-atha dhAtUna bruumH| ___mAnA ki prazna aura pUrNatA kA artha yahAM nahIM ho sakatA [ kyoMki na pataJjali kisI se kucha pUchanA hI cAhate haiM aura na pUre yogazAstra kA pratipAdana ho rahA hai, aisA kahane meM hI koI abhiprAya chipA hai ] | phira bhI cAra arthoM kI sambhAvanA to ho sakatI hai arthAt anantara, maMgalabodhaka, pUrva meM huI bAtoM kI apekSA karanevAlA yA Arambha kA artha ? to kevala Arambha ke artha kI sambhAvanA mAnakara [ Apane anya tIna arthoM kA adhikAra kyoM chIna liyA ? ] kevala eka artha to asiddha hai / maivaM mNsthaaH| vikalpAsahatvAt / AnantaryamathazabdArtha iti pakSe yataH kutazcidAnantayaM pUrvavRttazamAdyasAdhAraNAtkAraNAdAnantayaM vA ? na prathamaH / 'na hi kazcitkSaNamapi jAtu tiSThatyakarmakRt' ( gI0 3 / 5) iti nyAyena sarvo janturavazyaM kiMcitkRtvA kiMcitkarotyeveti tasyAbhidhAnamantareNApi prAptatayA tdrthaathshbdpryogvaiyrthyprsktH| na caramaH / zamAdyanantaraM yogasya pravRttAvapi tasyAnuzAsanapravRttyanubandhatvenopAttatayA zabdataH prAdhAnyAbhAvAt / [ ukta zaMkA kA uttara dete hue kahate haiM ki ] aisA mata sociye, kyoMki nimna vikalpoM kI kasauTI para yaha kasA nahIM jA sktaa| yadi 'atha' zabda kA vAcyArtha 'anantara honA' mAnate haiM to isakA kyA artha hai-kyA jisa kisI bhI cIja ke bAda honA yA [ yogAbhyAsa ke ] pUrva meM kiye gaye zama Adi asAdhAraNa kAraNoM ke bAda honA ? [ zamAdi = zama, dama, uparati, titikSA, zraddhA, samAdhAna / zama kA artha hai mana kA nigraha karanA, dama = bAhyendriyoM kA nigraha, uparati = saMnyAsa, titikSA = sahiSNutA, zraddhA = guru Adi ke vAkyAdi para vizvAsa / samAdhAna = cita kI ekAgratA / ye yoga ke asAdhAraNa kAraNa haiM / kyA inake pazcAt yogAnuzAsana karate haiM ? ] ____inameM pahalA vikalpa ThIka nahIM hai / gItA meM eka paMkti hai--'koI bhI padArtha binA karma kiye hue eka kSaNa bhI Thahara nahIM sakatA' (gItA 315)-isa niyama se yaha to sahaja-siddha bAta hai ki koI bhI vyakti kucha karane ke bAda kucha karatA hI hai to usakA nAma na lene para bhI usakI prApti to ho hI jAtI / ataH usI siddha bAta ke lie 'atha' zabda kA prayoga karanA vyartha hai| dUsarA vikalpa bhI grAhya nahIM hai / yadyapi zamAdi kAraNoM ke bAda hI yoga kI pravRtti hotI hai phira bhI [ 'atha yogAnuzAsanam' sUtra meM ] yaha yoga anuzAsana kI pravRtti para hI

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pAtaJjala-varzanam nirbhara karatA hai, aisA hI dikhAyA gayA hai; ataH zabda kI dRSTi se yoga kI pradhAnatA nahIM ho rahatI / [ yogAnuzAsana eka sAmAsika pada hai tathA tatpuruSa samAsa hai jisameM uttarapada arthAt 'anuzAsana' pradhAna hai| yoga to anuzAsana ke adhIna hai, usakA upapAda vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM huA hai / to 'atha' zabda kA sambandha pradhAna zabda arthAta anuzAsana ( zAstra ) ke sAtha hogA na ki apradhAna zabda yoga ke sAtha / 'atha' ke dvArA 'zamAdi ke bAda' artha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki 'zamAdi ke bAda' kA sambandha yoga ke sAtha hai aura 'artha' kA sambandha anuzAsana ke sAtha / dUsare zabdoM meM, zamAdi ke bAda yoga bhale hI hotA hai, para unase yogAnuzAsana kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI / ] na ca zabdataH pradhAnabhUtasyAnuzAsanasya zamAdyAnantaryamathazabdArthaH kiM na syAditi vaditavyam / anuzAsanamiti hi zAstramAha / anuziSyate vyAkhyAyate lakSaNabhedopAyaphalasahito yogo yena tadanuzAsanamiti vyutptteH| Apa aisA nahIM kaha sakate ki zabda kI dRSTi se ( = samAsa meM ) jo pradhAna zabda anuzAsana hai, Tase hI zamAdi ke bAda mAnakara 'atha' zabda kA artha kyoM na kara leN| aisA isalie nahIM kaha sakate kyoMki anuzAsana kA artha zAstra hai| usakI vyutpatti (nirvacana ) yaha hai-jisase yoga anuziSTa ( anu + VzAs ) ho arthAt lakSaNa, bheda, upAya aura phala ke sAtha jisake dvArA yoga kI vyAkhyA kI jAya vahI anuzAsana hai| [ udAharaNa ke lie 'yogazcittavRttinirodhaH' (yo0 sU0 112) meM yoga kA lakSaNa diyA gayA hai, 'vitarkavicAra0' Adi (1117 ) sUtroM meM samprajJAtAdi yoga-bhedoM kA varNana huA hai| sAdhanapAda meM yoga ke lie upAya bhI dikhalAye gaye haiM / kaivalyapAda meM yoga ke phala (mokSa ) kA nirUpaNa huA hai|] anuzAsanasya ca tattvajJAnacikhyApayiSAnantarabhAvitvena zamadamAdyAnantaryaniyamAbhAvAt / jijJAsAjJAnayostu zamAdyAnantaryamAmnAyate-'tasmAcchAnto dAnta uparatastitikSaH samAhito bhUtvAtmanyevAtmAnaM pazyet' (vR0 u0 4 / 4 / 23) ityAdinA / nApi tttvjnyaancikhyaapyissaanntrymthshbdaarthH| tasya sambhave'pi zrotRpratipattipravRtyoranupayogenAnabhidheyatvAt / [aba yaha prazna ho sakatA hai ki anuzAsana kA artha zAstra hotA hai to ThIka hai, parantu isase 'artha' zabda ke artha-zamAdi ke bAda-para kyA prabhAva par3atA hai ? isI ke uttara meM kahate haiM-] yaha anuzAsana cUMki tattvajJAna kA varNana karane kI icchA ke anantara utpanna hotA hai, zama-dama Adi ke anantara hone kA to isakA niyama hai hI nhiiN| [ jo cIja anuzAsana ke pahale niyama se AtI hogI, usI kA artha atha zabda ke dvArA prakaTa ho sakatA hai| cUMki anuzAsana sUtrakAra ke dvArA kiyA jAtA hai ataH sUtrakAra kI icchA ke bAda ho unheM zAstra kI racanA karane kI pravRtti huI hogI / zamAdi sAdhanoM ke bAda pravRtti nahIM

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564 sarvadarzanasaMgrahehuI / ataH yogAnuzAsana zamAdi ke bAda nahIM hotaa|] zamAdi ke pazcAt to jijJAsA aura jJAna utpanna hote haiM, yaha zrutiyoM meM bhI kahA hai-'isalie zamayukta, damayukta, uparata hokara, titikSA liye hue aura samAdhAna ( vizvAsa ) se yukta hokara puruSa AtmA meM hI AtmA ko dekha sakatA hai' (bR0 u0 4 / 4 / 23) / [ zAnta = antaHkaraNa kI tRSNA se rahita / dAnta = bAhyendriyoM para saMyama rakhakara / uparata = sabhI icchAoM se mukta hokara / titikSu = jIvana kI rakSA karate hue ThaMDa, garmo Adi viSamoM ko shnevaalaa| samAhita 3 kevala AtmA meM hI citta kI sthApanA karake / ] [aba eka aura prazna hogA ki 'zamAdi ke bAda' artha hama bhale hI nahIM leM kintu anuzAsana ke pUrva niyamataH jo zAstrakAra kI tattvaprakAzanecchA AtI hai-use hI ( usake bAda honA ) 'atha' kA artha kyoM nahIM mAna leM ? isa para uttara dete haiM- ] 'atha' zabda kA varSa 'tattvajJAna kA prakAzana karane kI icchA ke pazcAt' bhI nahIM hai / kAraNa yaha hai ki yadi aisA sambhava ho to bhI zAstrakAra ne jisa icchA ke bAda zAstra kA nirmANa kiyA usakA zAna ] na to zrotAoM ke yogaviSayaka jJAna ke lie hI upayogI hogA aura na unakI yogaviSayaka pravRtti ke hI lie / (jJAna yA pravRtti donoM meM se kisI kA kAraNa vaha nahIM ho sakatA ) ataH usake Anantarya (bAda honA ) kA kathana niSphala hone ke kAraNa varNana karane yogya bhI nahIM hai| [ye bAteM sUtrakAra kI tattvajJAnaprakAzanecchA ko anuzAsana ke pUrva niyamataH honA mAnakara hI kahI gaI haiM, kintu vAstava meM yaha prakAzanecchA pUrvavartI ho nahIM sakatI-ise hI Age spaSTa karate haiM / ] tavApi niHzreyasahetutayA yogAnuzAsanaM pramitaM na vA? Aye tadabhAve'pi upAdeyatvaM bhavet / dvitIye tadbhAve'pi heyatvaM syAt / pramitaM pAsya niHzreyasanidAnatvam / / adhyAtmayogAdhigamena devaM matvA dhIro harSazoko jhaati| (kA0 2 / 12 ) iti shruteH| samAdhAvacalA buddhistadA yogmvaapsysi| (gI0 2 / 53 ) iti smRteshn| Apa logoM ke pakSa meM bhI yaha prazna ho sakatA hai ki yogAnuzAsana ko niHzreyasa ( mokSa ) ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM Apa svIkAra karate haiM yA nahIM ? yadi pahalA vikalpa lete haiM [ ki yogazAstra mokSa kA kAraNa hai ] taba to usake (= tattvajJAna ke prakAzana kI icchA ke ) abhAva meM bhI yogazAstra kI upAdeyatA rahegI hii| [ yogazAstra se yadi mokSa mile to jJAna-prakAzana kI icchA na hone para bhI ise likhanA hI par3egA ] jaba yadi yogAnuzAsana ko mokSa kA hetu siddha nahIM kara sakate haiM to [ tattvajJAna ke prakAzana kI icchA ]

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pAtaJjala-darzanam 565 hone para bhI yaha yogAnuzAsana tyAjya hI ho jAyagA / [ phala yaha huA ki tathAkathita tattvaprakAzanecchA aura yogAnuzAsana meM pUrvApara sambandha nahIM hai, kyoMki isameM vyabhicAra ( Inconsistency ) dekhate haiM / [ dUsare vikalpa ke sAtha dUsarA doSa DhU~r3hate haiM- ] yaha yogAnuzAsana ( yoga ke dvArA ) niHzreyasa kA kAraNa hai, yaha bilkula nizcita hai / isake lie zruti kA pramANa hai'adhyAtmayoga ( AtmA meM citta ko lagAnA, nididhyAsana ( Contemplation ) kI prApti hone para AtmA ( deva ) kA sAkSAtkAra karake jJAnI (dhIra) puruSa harSa aura zoka donoM kA tyAga kara dete haiM' (= mukta ho jAte haiM ) [ kAThaka0 2 / 12 ] / isake lie smRti - pramANa bhI hai - 'jaba tumhArI buddhi samAdhi kI avasthA meM AtmA meM sthira ho jAyagI taba tuma yoga ( yogaphala arthAt AtmasAkSAtkAra ) prApta karoge / ' ( gI0 2 / 53 ) / [ ina donoM pramANoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki yoga mokSa kA kAraNa hai / zAstrakAroM kA tattvajJAna ke prakAzana kI icchA ho yA nahIM yogAnuzAsana kiyA ho jAyagA / ataH ukta prakAzanecchA niyamataH yogAnuzAsana kI pUrvavartinI nahIM ho sakatI / ] vizeSa - jahA~ 'artha' zabda kA artha Anantarya ( bAda meM honA ) lete haiM vahIM nizcaya rUpa se koI kAma pahale ho cukA rahatA hai - bhale hI usa kAma kA pratipAdana nahIM huA ho aura na usake pratipAdana kI AvazyakatA hI samajhI gaI ho / 'snAnaM kRtvAtha gataH ' vAkya meM gamana kriyA kA pratipAdana snAna ke bAda huA hai, snAna gamana ke pUrva huA hai / bhale hI usa pratipAdana kA upayoga kucha na ho aura na hI niyamata: snAna aura gamana kI pUrvAparatA dekhI jAya - phira bhI 'atha' zabda 'snAna ke anantara' kA hI bodha karAtA hai / yadi 'atha' zabda kA prayoga ho aura kisI bhI pUrva kriyA kA ullekha nahIM huA ho to bhI yogyatA ke bala se nirNaya karanA hI hotA hai usake pUrva kyA huA thA / aisI avasthA meM jo kriyA nirantara sAtha de usI kI pUrvavRttatA ( Priority ) mAnanI cAhie / ata eva ziSyaprazna tapazcaraNa rasAyanopayogAdyAnantayaM parAkRtam / 'athAto brahmajijJAsA' ( bra0 sU0 11111 ) ityatra tu brahmajijJAsAyA anadhikAryatvenAdhikArArthatvaM parityajya sAdhanacatuSTayasampattiviziSTAdhikArisamarpaNAya zamadamAdivAkyavihitAcchamAderAnantaryamathazabdArtha iti zaMkarAcAryeniraTaGki / isalie, ziSya kA prazna, tapazcaryA yA rasAyana kA upayoga ( zarIra meM zakti lAne ke lie ) Adi ke anantara [ yogAnuzAsana hogA ] - yaha pakSa ( ' atha' zabda ko anantara ke artha meM lenA ) khaNDita ho gayA / [ jo loga 'atha' kA artha anantara karate haiM ve loga apanI puSTi ke lie bahuta se kArya lete haiN| prazna hai ki taba yogAnuzAsana kisa kArya ke bAda kiyA gayA ? kucha zAstra ziSyoM ke dvArA prazna kiye jAne ke bAda zAstrakAroM

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566 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe kI pravRtti se utpanna hote haiM, jaise - pAzupatazAstra / kucha zAstra tapasyA ke bAda jJAnotpatti hone para likhe jAte haiM, jaise- pANini kA vyAkaraNa / kucha zAstra pAradAdi ke saMyoga se bane hue rasAyanoM kA sevana karane ke bAda tattvasAkSAtkAra hone para likhe jAte haiN| guru kI AjJA se yA logoM para dayA karane ke lie bhI zAstra likhe jAte haiM / ina upAyoM se zAstrakAra zAstra kI racanA karane ke lie pravRtta hote haiM / kintu inameM se koI bhI kArya yogAnuzAsana ke pUrva meM niyamapUrvaka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / jo gati tattvaprakAzanecchA kI hai, vahI to ina saboM kI bhI hai / ataH 'artha' kA artha 'anantara honA' nahIM liyA jA sakatA / ] vihita hone ke kAraNa, zaMkarA bAda aisA kiyA hai / [ icchA kA vedAntasUtra ke prathama sUtra - 'athAto brahmajijJAsA' ( isalie aba brahma kI jijJAsA karanI cAhie ), isameM [ atha zabda kA artha adhikAra ( Arambha ) nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki ] brahma kI jijJAsA ( jAnane kI icchA ) kA Arambha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ataH 'adhikAra' artha ko chor3akara, cAra sAdhanoM kI sampatti se yukta adhikArI ko samarpita karane ke lie, zamadamAdi vAkya ( = 'zAnto dAnta: 0' ) meM cArya ne 'atha' zabda kA artha 'zamAdi chahoM padArthoM ke Arambha nahIM hotA ataH zaMkarAcArya ne atha kA artha 'bAda' ki kisake bAda ? zaMkarAcArya adhikArI cunane meM bar3I ruci jise brahmasUtra sauMpa sakeM / ataH 'atha' se ' adhikArI banane ke bAda' artha lete haiM / para adhikArI hai kauna ? 'zAnto dAnta: 0 ' vAkya isake lie to prastuta hI hai / basa, 'atha' kA artha huA - zama, dama, uparati, titikSA aura samAdhAna se yukta hone para brahma kI jijJAsA hotI hai / ] aba prazna huA hI kiyA hai| dikhalAte haiM / vaha adhikArI vizeSa - ukta cAra sAdhanoM ke nAma zaMkara ne isa prakAra ginAye haiM - ( 1 ) nitya aura anitya vastuoM meM viveka karanA, ( 2 ) aihika aura AmuSmika bhoga sAmagriyoM se vairAgya, ( 3 ) zama, damAdi sAdhana-sampatti tathA ( 4 ) mumukSu honA ( 1 / 1 / 1 kA bhASya ) / ve Age kahate haiM - tasmAdathazabdena yathoktasAdhanasampattyAnantaryamupadizyate / ( vahIM ) / ( 3 ka 'artha' zabda maGgala kA dyotaka bhI nahIM ) ? atha mA nAma bhUdAnantaryArtho'thazabdaH / maGgalArthaH kiM na syAt maGgalasya vAkyArthe samanvayAbhAvAt / argAhitA bhISTAvAptimaGgalam / abhISTaM ca sukhAvAptiduHkhaparihArarUpatayeSTam / yogAnuzAsanasya ca sukhaduHkhanivRttyoranyataratvAbhAvAnna maGgalatA / tathA ca yogAnuzAsanaM maGgalamiti na sampanopadyate / acchA, 'anantara honA' ke artha meM 'artha' zabda bhale hI na rahe, lekina ise maMgalArthaMka kyoM nahIM mAnate ? isalie nahIM mAnate haiM ki maMgala ke sAtha vAkya ke artha kA sambandha nahIM

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pAtabbala-marzanam 567 ho sakatA / ahita ( anindya ) tathA abhISTa vastu kI prApti karanA maMgala hai| abhISTa vastu vahI hai jisakI kAmanA loga sukha kI prApti yA duHkha kI nivRtti ke rUpa meM kreN| yogAnuzAsana na to sukha hai ( sukhajanaka bhale hI hai ) aura na du:kha ko nivRtti ko yogAnuzAsana kahate haiN| ataH yaha maMgala nahIM hai / isa prakAra 'yogAnuzAsana maMgala hai', yaha artha siddha ho hI nahIM sakatA / ( saMpanIpadyate = sam +/pad + yaG = punaH punaH sampadyate, bhRzaM smpdyte)| vizeSa-jaisA ki Upara kaha cuke haiM maMgala 'atha' zabda kA vAcyArtha nahIM hai kevala use 'artha' zabda prakaTa kara sakatA hai| yogAnuzAsana svataH maMgala nahIM hai yaha siddha kara hI cuke haiM / aba usa prazna kA vizleSaNa Age kreNge| mRdaGgadhvanerivAthazabdazravaNasya kAryatayA maGgalasya vAcyatvalakSyatvayorasambhavAcca / yathAthikAoM vAkyArthe na nivizate tathA kAryamapi na nivizeta / apadArthatvAvizeSAt / padArtha eva vAkyArthe samanvIyate / anyathA zabdapramANakAnAM zAbdI hyAkAGkSA zabdenaiva pUryata iti mudrAbhaGgaH kRto bhavet / jisa prakAra maMgala mRdaMga ( Dholaka ) ko dhvani [ kA kArya ] hai usI prakAra vaha 'artha' zabda ke zravaNa ( yA uccAraNa ) kA bhI kArya hI hai| ata: maMgala na to [ atha kA ] vAcyArtha ho sakatA aura na hI lkssyaarth| [ atha zabda kA uccAraNa karane se maMgala kI utpatti hotI hai, atha zabda kA vaha vAcyArtha nhiiN| yadi vAcyArtha nahIM hai to lakSyArtha bhI nahIM, kyoMki lakSyArtha vAcyArtha se hI sambaddha rahatA hai| jisa prakAra arthApatti se utpanna artha vAkyArtha ke sAtha anvita nahIM ho sakatA usI prakAra [ maMgala kA yaha ] kArya-artha bhI vAkyArtha meM nahIM A sakatA / kAraNa yaha hai ki donoM meM eka taraha se hI pada ke artha kA tiraskAra hotA hai / vAkyArtha se sambandha usI kA ho sakatA hai jo pada kA apanA artha ho| yadi aisA nahIM hotA to vaiyAkaraNoM ( zabda ko pramANa mAnanevAle ) ke usa niyama kA bhaMga hotA jisameM yaha kahA jAtA hai ki zAbdI ( zabda se sambaddha ) AkAMkSA zabda se pUrNa ho sakatI hai / [ koI zabda jaba kisI vAkyaM ke artha ko prakAzita karane meM asamartha ho tathA kisI dUsare zabda kI apekSA rakhe to use zAbdI AkAMkSA kahate haiM-isakI pUrti zabda se hI ho sakatI hai, kisI dUsare sAdhana se nhiiN| yadi arthApati ke artha ko yA kAryarUpa artha (jaise atha kA artha maMgala ) ko vAkyArtha se mAnane lageMge to zAbdI AkAMkSA kI pUrti zabda se na hokara ArthikArtha yA kAryArtha se bhI hone lagegI kintu vAstava meM to zabdArtha se hotI hai / ataH ukta niyama khaNDita ho jaaygaa|] vizeSa-'devadatta dina meM nahIM khAtA, para moTA hai' isa vAkya meM 'rAtri-bhojana' arthApatti se prApta artha hai, vAkya se aisA artha hameM mila nahIM sakatA / ise ArthikArtha kahate

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sarvadarzanavaMbahehaiM / 'atha' kA jo 'maGgala' artha karate haiM vaha kArya artha hai-jaise rAma kA vAcyArya vyaktivizeSa hotA hai vaise 'atha = maGgala' nahIM hotA, maGgala 'atha' ke uccAraNa se utpanna hotA hai, kArya hai / svabhAvataH ye donoM artha padArtha nahIM haiM, isalie vAkyArtha karane meM inakA koI mahattva nahIM / phalataH 'atha yogAnuzAsanam' meM atha kA artha maGgala lene se yogAnuzAsana ke sAtha usakA koI sambandha nahIM hogA / kevala 'yogAnuzAsanam' kahane se vAkya apUrNa raha jAtA jisakI pUrti 'atha' se hotI hai / aba yadi atha ko bhI maGgalotpAdaka mAna leMge taba to vAkya apUrNa hI raha jaaygaa| nanu prAripsitaprabandhaparisamAptiparipanthipratyUhavyUhaprazamanAya ziSTAcAraparipAlanAya ca zAstrArambhe maGgalAcaraNamanuSTheyam / 'maGgalAdIni maGgalamadhyAni maGgalAntAni ca zAstrANi prathante, AyuSmatpuruSakANi pIrapuruSakANi ca bhavanti' ( pAta0 bhASya0 AhniH 3) ityabhiyuktokteH / bhavati ca maGgalArtho'thazabdaH 2. oMkArazcAthazabdazca dvAveto brahmaNaH purA / ___ kaNThaM bhittvA viniryAtau tasmAnmAGgalikAvubhau // itismRtisambhavAt / tathA ca 'vRddhirAdac' (pA0 sU0 1111) ityAdI vRddhayAdizabdavadathazabdo maGgalArthaH syAditi cet / [pUrvapakSI loga 'phara bhI 'artha' maGgalArthaka mAnate hue kaha sakate haiM-] jisa prabandha kA Arambha karane kI icchA hai ( prAripsita ) usakI samIcIna samApti ke samaya taka rukAvaTa DAlane vAle (paripanthin ) vighnoM ke samUha ke vinAza ke lie tathA ziSTAcAra kA paripAlana karane ke lie bhI zAstra ke Arambha meM maGgalAcaraNa kA anuSThAna karanA caahie| abhiyukta ( Apta ) puruSoM kA bhI yahI kahanA hai-'jina zAstroM ke Adi meM, madhya meM tathA anta meM maGgala hotA hai ve zAstra prasiddha ho jAte haiM / unake adhyetA AyuSmAna tathA vIra (zAstrArtha aparAjita ) hote haiM / ' (mahAbhASya, Ahnika 3, pA0 sU0 131 / 1 pr)| maGgala ke artha meM 'atha' zabda hotA bhI hai-'om aura atha zabda ye donoM prAcIna kAla meM brahmA ke kaMTha ko chedakara bAhara nikale (= brahmA kI icchA ke binA nikale ), isalie ye donoM mAMgalika khlaaye|' aisA smRti se calA A rahA hai / isalie 'vRddhirAdec' ( pANini kA prathama sUtra ) meM vRti Adi zabda kI taraha 'artha' zabda bhI maGgala ke artha meM ho sakatA hai| maivaM bhASiSThAH / arthAntarAbhidhAnAya prayuktasyAthazabdasya vINAveNvAdidhvanivat zravaNamAtreNa maGgalaphalatvopapatteH / athArthAntarArambhavAkyArthadhophalakasyAthazamdasya kathamanyaphalakateti cenna / anyAyaM nIyamAnodakumbhopalambhavattatsambhavAt / na ca smRtivyAkopaH / mAGgalikAviti maGgalaprayojanatvavivakSayA prvRttH|

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pAtabala-darzanam 569 [ ukta zaMkA kA uttara isa prakAra hai - ] aisA mata kahiye / 'atha' zabda kisI dUsare artha ke prakAzana ke lie prayukta huA hai; vINA, veNu ( bAMsurI ) Adi kI dhvani kI taraha kevala isake zravaNa karane se hI maGgalAtmaka phala kI siddhi hotI hai / [ 'vRddhirAdec' meM vRddhi kA artha maGgala nahIM hai, vRddhi to pANini vyAkaraNa kI eka saMjJA hai / saMjJA kA bodhaka hone para bhI isa zabda ke uccAraNa yA zravaNa se maGgala kI siddhi hotI hai / usI prakAra 'artha' zabda kA arthaM dUsarA kucha hai kintu isake zravaNa se maGgalAcaraNa hotA hI hai / ataH aise zabdoM se do-do prayojana siddha hote haiM / ] [ isa uttara para bhI koI pUcha sakatA hai ki ] maGgalArtha ke atirikta, Arambha [ Adi rat ] kA bodha ghI ) vAkyArtha meM karAnevAle 'atha' zabda se dUsare phala ( artha ) kaise utpanna ho sakate haiM ? ( yaha kaise sambhava hai ki 'atha' Arambha kA vAkyArtha bhI nikale aura maGgala bhI vyakta ho ? ) aisA nahIM socanA caahie| jisa prakAra dUsare kAma se le jAye jAnevAle pAnI se bhare ghar3e ko dekhane se [ yAtrA para nikale hue vyakti kA zubha zakuna hotA hai ], usI prakAra yaha bhI sambhava hai / aisA mAnane para bhI ukta smRti ( tasmAnmAGgalikAvubhau ) kA khaNDana nahIM hotA / ' mAGgaliko' kahane kA artha [ yaha nahIM hai ki om aura atha kA vAcyArthaM hI maGgala hai pratyuta ] 'isakA lakSya maGgala hai' isI vivakSA se ukta zabda prayukta kiyA gayA hai | vizeSa - aba atha zabda ke 'pUrvaprakRta kI apekSA rakhanA' artha kA khaNDana karake anta meM 'Arambha' artha meM isakI siddhi kareMge / ( 4. 'atha' kA Arambha yA adhikAra ) nApi pUrvaprakRtApekSo'thazabdaH / phalata AnantaryAvyatirekeNa prAguktadUSaNAnuSaGgAt / kimayamathazabdo'dhikArArtho'thAnantaryArtha ityAdivimarzavAkye pakSAntaropanyAse tatsambhave'pi prakRte tadasambhavAcca / aisI bAta bhI nahIM hai ki 'atha' zabda se pahale se prastuta vastu kI apekSA rakhI jAya / [ yogyatA ke bala se zamadamAdi yA ziSya kA prazna yA prakAzanecchA Adi ke rUpa meM kucha na kucha pUrvaprakRta vastu svIkAra karanI pdd'egii| ] phalataH yaha artha Anantarya artha se bhinna nahIM hai jo-jo doSa usa artha ko svIkAra karane para lagAye jAte haiM ve yahAM bhI prApta ho jAyeMge / 'yaha atha zabda kyA adhikAra ke artha meM hotA hai yA Anantarya ke artha meM ?" isa prakAra ke vimarza ( vibhinna mata ) ke bodhaka vAkya meM dUsare pakSa kI sthApanA karane para ye artha ( Anantarya aura adhikAra ) sambhava bhI haiM kintu prastuta artha lene para to vaha ( pakSAntara kI sthApanA ) sambhava hI nahIM [ kyoMki koI bhI pUrvaprakRta vastu nahIM milatI hai / nitya rUpa se sAkAMkSa na rahane ke kAraNa koI artha pahale se nahIM mAna sakate / ] tasmAtpArizeSyAdadhikArapada vedanIyaprArambhArtho'yazabda iti vizeSo bhASyate / yathA 'arthaSa jyotiratheSa vizvajyotiH' ityatrAthazabda RtuvizeSa

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570 sarvadarzanasaMgraheprArambhArthaH parigRhItaH, yathA ca 'atha zabdAnuzAsanam' (pAta0 mA011) ityatrAthazabdo vyAkaraNazAstrAdhikArArthastadvat / .. isalie aba parizeSa-niyama se ( koI dUsarA vikalpa na milane se ) 'artha' zabda kA artha prArambha hai jise 'adhikAra' zabda ke dvArA bhI samajhate haiM-bhASyakAra ( vyAsa ) ne ise spaSTa kiyA hai / jaise--'aba ( atha ) yaha jyoti-yajJa hai, aba yaha vizva jyoti-yajJa hai' ( tANDaya brAhmaNa 1681, 16 / 10 / 1 )-yahAM para prayukta 'atha' zabda vizeSa kratu ( yajJa ) ko prArambha karane ke artha meM liyA gayA hai| usI prakAra jaise 'aba ( atha ) zabdAnuzAsana hotA hai' ( mahAbhASya kA prathama vAkya )-yahAM bhI 'atha' zabda vyAkaraNazAstra ke Arambha ke artha meM AyA hai vaise hI [ prastuta prasaMga meM bhI smjheN|] ___ tadabhASi vyAsabhASye yogasUtravivaraNapare athetyayamadhikArArthaH prayujyate iti / tad vyAcalyo vaacsptiH| tadittham-amuSyAthazabdasyAdhikArArthatvapakSe zAstreNa prastUyamAnasya yogasyopavartanAtsamastazAstratAtparyArthavyAkhyAnena ziSyasya sukhaavbodhprvRttirbhvtiitythshbdsyaadhikaaraarthtvmuppnnm| yogasUtra kA vivaraNa ( vyAkhyA ) karanevAle vyAsabhASya meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki 'atha' zabda adhikAra ke artha meM prayukta huA hai / [ vyAsa ko isa paMkti kI ] vyAkhyA vAcaspati ne [ apanI tattvavaizAradI TIkA meM ] meM kI hai| vaha isa prakAra hai-isa atha zabda ko adhikAra ke artha meM le lene para zAstra ke dvArA prastuta kiye jAnevAle yoga kA pratipAdana ( upavartana ) karanA sambhava hai / pUre zAstra ke tAtparyArtha kI vyAkhyA karane se ziSya meM saralatA se samajhane kI pravRtti hogI, isalie 'atha' zabda adhikAra ke artha meM huA hai, yaha siddha haa| [hama Upara dekha cuke haiM ki 'atha' kA artha 'Anantarya' lene para isakA upayoga na to zrotA ke bodha ke lie hai aura na usakI pravRtti ke lie / aisI bAta 'adhikAra' artha lene para nahIM hotI / yogazAstra kA Arambha ho rahA hai jisameM sabhI zAstroM ke tAtparyArtha kI vivRti huI hai-isa zAstra kI sahAyatA se isakA bodha AsAnI se zrotAoM ko ho jAyagA / yahI nahIM sAmAnya jJAna ho jAne para vizeSataH zAstrAvalokana kI pravRtti bho hogii| isalie atha kA yahI artha sarvathA samIcIna hai|] nanu 'hiraNyagarbho yogasya vaktA nAnyaH purAtanaH' iti yAjJavalkyasmRteH pataJjaliH kathaM yogasya shaasiteti-addhaa| ata eva tatra tatra purANAdo viziSya yogasya viprakIrNatayA durgAhyArthatvaM manyamAnena bhagavatA kRpAsindhunA phaNipatinA sAraM saMjighANAnuzAsanamArabdhaM na tu sAkSAcchAsanam / yadAyamathazabdo'dhikArArthastadevaM vAkyArthaH sampadyate-yogAnuzAsanaM zAstramadhikRtaM vevitvymiti| tasmAdayamathazabdo'dhikAradyotako maGgalArthazceti siddham /

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pAtamjalamArzanam 571 aba prazna ho sakatA hai ki 'yoga ke vaktA hiraNyagarbha haiM, koI dUsare purAtana RSi nahIM aisA yAjJavalkya-smRti meM kahA gayA hai to pataJjali ko yoga kA zAstrakAra kyoM mAnate haiM ? ThIka hai isIlie to, jahA~-tahA~ purANa Adi meM yoga kI vivecanA viziSTa rUpa se [ eka sthAna para nahIM hokara ] bikharI huI hone ke kAraNa, samajhane meM kaThina jAnakara, kRpA ke sAgara bhagavAn zeSanAga [ ke avatAra pataJjali ] ne, usa yoga kA sArAMza grahaNa karane kI icchA se anuzAsana (prathama prakAzana ke pazcAta usakA saMkalana ) kiyA hai, sAkSAt zAsana ( naye zAstra kI racanA ) nahIM / [ purANoM meM prasaMga ke anusAra jahAM-tahAM yoga ke khaNDoM kA hI varNana milatA hai| udAharaNArtha viSNupurANa ( 67 ), garur3a-purANa (adhyAya 14 tayA 49), mArkaNDeya purANa ( adhyAya 39) tathA liMgapurANa ( adhyAya 9) meM yoga kA pratipAdana huA hai, para kahIM pUrNa varNana nahIM / isIlie una sabhI sthAnoM kA sAra grahaNa karake pataJjali ne yogazAstra likhA-prathama zAsana nahIM hai yaha anuzAsana hai|] yaha 'atha' zabda jaba adhikAra ke artha meM liyA jAtA hai taba vAkyArtha isa taraha sampanna hotA hai-yogAnuzAsana nAma ke zAstra kA Arambha ho gayA, aisA smjheN| isalie 'atha' zabda adhikAra kA dyotaka hai aura maGgala kA prayojana rakhatA hai-yaha siddha huA / (5. yoga ke cAra anubandha ) tatra zAstre vyutpAdyamAnatayA yogaH sasAdhanaH saphalo viSayaH / tavyutpAdanamavAntaraphalam / vyutpAditasya yogasya kaivalyaM paramaprayojanam / zAstrayogayoH pratipAdyapratipAdakabhAvalakSaNaH smbndhH| yogasya kaivalyasya ca sAdhyasAdhanabhAvalakSaNaH sambandhaH / sa ca zratyAdiprasiddha iti prAgevAvAdiSam / mokSamapekSamANA evAdhikAriNa ityarthasiddham / ___ isa zAstra meM vyutpAdita (pratipAdita ) hone ke kAraNa, sAdhanoM aura phaloM ke sahita yoga ( cittavRtti kA nirodha ) hI isakA viSaya hai| yoga kA pratipAdana karanA gauNa phala ( prayojana ) hai jaba ki pratipAdita kiye gaye yoga kA parama prayojana kevalya (mokSa) hai| zAstra aura yoga ke bIca meM eka pratipAdaka hai dUsarA pratipAdya-yahI sambandha hai| yoga aura kevalya ke bIca meM eka sAdhana hai dUsarA sAdhya, aisA sambandha hai / maiM pahale hI kaha cukA hU~ ki yaha ( sambandha ) zruti, smRti Adi meM prasiddha hai| yaha to artha se hI siddha hai ki isake adhikArI ve hI loga haiM jo mokSa kI apekSA karate haiM / [ yadi 'artha' zabda kA artha Anantarya hotA to zamAdi sAdhanoM se yukta puruSoM ko adhikArI mAnanA par3atA hai| kintu yahA~ yoga kA phala mokSa kA svIkAra karake-'adhyAtmayogAdhigamena' ke AdhAra paramokSa ke icchuka vyakti ko adhikArI mAnate haiM / aba yaha dikhalAte haiM ki 'athAto brahmajijJAsA' meM adhikArI kI siddhi artha se hI kyoM nahIM hotI, alaga se adhikArI kA nirUpaNa karane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ?

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe na ca 'athAto brahmajijJAsA' ( bra0 sU0 11919 ) ityAdAvadhikAriNo'rthataH siddhirAzaGkanIyA / tatrAyazabdenAnantaryAbhidhAnapraNADikayA'dhikArisamarpaNasiddhau ArthikatvazaGkAnudayAt / ata evoktaM- zrutiprApte prakaraNAdInAmanavakAza iti / asyArthaH - yatra hi zrutyArtho na labhyate tatraiva prakaraNAdayo'yaM samarpayanti netaratra / yatra tu zabdAdevArthasyopalambhastatra netarasya sambhavaH / 572 aisA sandeha nahIM karanA cAhie ki 'athAto brahmajijJAsA' ( ba0 sU0 11111 ) meM bhI adhikArI kI siddhi artha se hI ho jAyagI / [ zaMkA karanevAloM kA tAtparya hai ki ina sUtroM meM bhI 'atha' kA artha adhikAra hI kyoM na mAna leM ? taba zruti pramANa ke rUpa meM mila jAyagI - tamevaM vidvAnamRta iha bhavati ( zvetA0 38 ) jisase brahmajJAna kA phala mokSa mAna leMge / phalataH mokSa kA icchuka puruSa adhikArI hai, yaha artha se hI siddha ho jAyagA / isakA uttara dete haiM / ] vahA~ para prayukta 'atha' zabda se Anantarya artha kA bodha hotA hai tathA yaha siddha hotA hai ki [ siddhAntoM yA arthoM kA ] samarpaNa ( Transmission ) eka nizcita paramparA se hI adhikAriyoM ko hotA hai, ataH usa artha ko arthataH siddha karane kI zaMkA hI nahIM uThatI / [ jaba kisI bAta kI siddhi sIdhe hI yA paramparA se ho sakatI ho to artha se siddha karane kI bAta nahIM uThatI / ] isalie kahA gayA hai - [ nizcayAtmaka pramANa ke rUpa meM ] jaba zruti prApta ho to prakaraNa Adi kA avakAza vahIM nahIM rahatA' ( tulanIya - bra0 sU0 3 / 3 / 49 | isakA artha yaha hai - jahAM zruti ( zabda ) se artha prApta na ho vahIM para prakaraNa Adi pramANa artha ke prakAzana yA nirNaya meM sahAyatA karate haiM, anyatra nahIM / jahA~ zabda se hI artha kI prApti ho jAya vahA~ dUsare sAdhana kI sambhAvanA bhI nahIM hotI / zIghrabodhinyA zrutyA viniyogasya bodhanena nirAkAGkSatayetareSA - manavakAzAt / kiM ca zrutyA bodhite'rthe tadviruddhArthaM prakaraNAdi samarpayati, aviruddhaM vA ? na prathamaH / viruddhArthabodhakasya tasya bAdhitatvAt / na caramaH / vaiyarthyAt / tadAha - 'zrutiliGgavAkyapraka raNasthAnasamAkhyAnAM samavAye pAradaurbalyamarthaviprakarSAt ' ( jaM0 sU0 3 / 3 / 14 ) iti / [ jaba kisI yajJa meM kisI mantra ke ] viniyoga kA bodha usa zruti pramANa se hotA hai jo turata bodha karAne meM samartha hai taba aura kisI kI AkAMkSA na rahane ke kAraNa dUsare pramANoM kI prApti nahIM hotI / [ 'athAto brahmajijJAsA' meM atha kA artha adhikAra le lene se kisake dvArA brahma kI jijJAsA kI jAya ?" isa prakAra adhikArI kI AkAMkSA hotI hai, mokSa ke vAkyoM ko dekhakara unase kaise mokSa utpanna hotA hai, usa prakAra sAdhana kI AkAMkSA hotI hai / yaha AkAMkSA hI 'prakaraNa' ke nAma se pukArI jAtI hai / prakaraNa

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pAtaJcala-darzanam sAtha isakI saMgati anumAna se aisA artha tIta hotA hai / usa kebala se hI 'athAto brahmajijJAsA' meM mokSa ke vAkyoM ke beThAyI jAtI hai arthAta 'brahmajijJAsA mokSa kA sAdhana hai' liMga se mumukSu vyakti ko 'brahma kI jijJAsA karanI cAhie' aisA zabda mAlUma hotA hai / isa prakAra prakaraNa ke bAda vAkya aura taba liMga aura usake anantara zabda - isa rUpa meM adhikArI kI prApti bahuta vilamba se hotI hai| yadi dUsarI ora, atha kA artha 'Anantarya' leM taba to atha zabda ke artha ke bala se ( zruti se ) hI adhikArI kI pratIti ho jAtI hai ki sAdhana-catuSTaya se sampanna vyakti hI adhikArI ho sakatA hai / abhiprAya yaha hai ki yogasUtra ke 'atha' aura brahmasUtra ke 'atha' ke pRthak-pRthak artha haiM, kyoMki donoM kI paristhitiyA~ bhinna-bhinna haiM / ] isake atirikta yaha pUchA jAya ki zruti se artha-bodha hone para prakaraNa Adi se usake ( zruti ke artha ke ) viruddha artha kI pratIti hotI hai yA aviruddha artha kI ? viruddha artha- pratIti to nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki jo viruddha artha kA bodha karAvegA vaha prakaraNAdi bAdhita ( khaNDita ) ho jAyegA / yadi aviruddha artha kI pratIti hotI ho taba to vaha vyartha hI ho jAyagA / ise kahA bhI hai 'zruti, liMga, vAkya, prakaraNa, sthAna aura samAkhyAinakA eka sthAna para saMgharSa utpanna hone para krama meM pIche AnevAlA pramANa durbala par3atA hai, kyoMki usameM artha bahuta dUra par3a jAtA hai' ( mI0 sU0 3 / 3 / 14 ) | 3. bAdhikaiva zrutirnityaM samAkhyA bAdhyate sadA / madhyamAnAM tu bAdhyatvaM bAdhakatvamapekSayA // iti ca / tasmAdviSayAdimattvAt brahmavicArakazAstravadyogAnuzAsanamA rambhaNIyamiti sthitam / 573 nirNaya isa prakAra hai - ] zruti kevala pahale koI pramANa nahIM hotA ) / kyoMki isake bAda koI pramANa nahIM [ ukta chaha pramANoM meM bAdhyabAdhaka sambandha kA bAdhaka bana sakatI hai, ( bAdhya nahIM, kyoMki isake samAkhyA kevala bAdhya bana sakatI hai, ( bAdhaka nahIM, hotA ) / bIca ke pramANa [ apane pUrva krama ke pramANoM ke se bAdhya hote haiM yA [ apane bAda ke krama ke pramANoM ke bhI hote haiM / isa prakAra isa [ pUre vivecana ] ke pazcAt yaha siddha huA ki viSaya Adi anubandhoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa, brahma kA vicAra karanevAle ( vedAnta ) zAstra kI taraha, yogAnuzAsana ( yogazAstra ) kA bhI Arambha karanA cAhie / sAtha saMgharSa hone para ] apekSA sAtha saMgharSa hone para ] bAdhaka ( 6. yoga aura zAstra meM sambandha ) nanu vyatpAdyamAnatayA yoga evAtra prastuto na zAstramiti cet -- satyam / pratipAdyatayA yogaH prAdhAnyena prastutaH sa ca tadviSayeNa zAstreNa

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe pratipAdyata iti tatpratipAdane karaNaM zAstram / karaNagocarazca kartRvyApAro na karmagocaratAmAcarati / 574 [ abhI bhI koI zaMkA kara sakatA hai ki ] utpanna karane kI vastu to yoga hai ataH yoga hI yahA~ para prastuta hai na ki zAstra / [ uttara meM kaheMge ki ] bAta ThIka hai / pratipAdya hone ke kAraNa pradhAna rUpa se yoga hI prastuta ho rahA hai lekina usakA pratipAdana yogaMviSayaka zAstra se hotA hai, ataH yoga ke pratipAdana meM karaNa ( sAdhana ) kA kAma zAstra hI karatA hai / yaha sAmAnya niyama hai ki kartA kA vyApAra (kriyA) karaNa se hI adhika sambandha rakhatA hai, karma se nahIM / yathA chetturdevadattasya vyApArabhUtamudyamananipAtAdikarma karaNabhUtaparazugocaraM na karmabhUtavRkSAdigocaram / tathA ca vaktuH pataJjaleH pravacanavyApArApekSayA yogaviSayasyAdhikRtatA karaNasya zAstrasya / abhidhAnavyApArApekSayA tU yogasyaMveti vibhAgaH / tatazca yogazAstrasyArambhaH sambhAvanAM bhajate / jaise vRkSa ko kATanevAle devadatta kA vyApAra arthAt [ kulhAr3I ] Upara uThAnA, girAnA Adi kArya ( kriyAe~ ) parazu ( kulhAr3I ) rUpI karaNa se sambaddha hai, vRkSAdi rUpI karma se nahIM / usI prakAra yahA~ para vaktA pataJjali kA pravacanarUpI vyApAra ( kriyA ) ho rahA hai / jisakA viSaya yoga hai aise karaNa-svarUpa zAstra kA hI Arambha usa vyApAra ke dvArA apekSita hai / [ 'pataJjali: yogaM zAstreNa pravakti' isa vAkya se hI mAlUma ho jAyagA ki kauna kisa kAraka meM hai / isIlie karma kI apekSA karaNa kI pradhAnatA hone ke kAraNa, zAstra kA hI sambandha pataJjali ke pravacana se hai, na ki yoga kA / ] pataJjali kA vyApAra yadi [ pravacana karanA na hokara ] abhidhAna karanA ho taba to yoga kA Arambha mAneM - yahI vibhAjana rekhA hai / taba yogazAstra ke Arambha kI sambhAvanA ho sakatI hai / ( 7. yoga kA lakSaNa aura samAdhi ) atra cAnuzAsanIyo yogazcittavRttinirodha ityucyate / nanu yujiryoga iti saMyogArthatayA paripaThitAd yujeniSpanno yogazabdaH saMyogavacana eva syAnna tu nirodhavacanaH / ata evoktaM yAjJavalkyena - saMyogo yoga ityukto jIvAtmaparamAtmanoH / iti / yahA~ yaha kahanA hai ki jisa yoga kA anuzAsana karanA abhISTa hai usakA lakSaNa hai, citta kI vRttiyoM kA nirodha / aba prazna ho sakatA hai ki 'yuj = yoga karanA' isa prakAra saMyoga ke artha meM par3he gaye yuj-dhAtu se banA huA yoga zabda saMyoga kA vAcaka ho sakatA hai nirodha kA vAcaka nahIM / isIlie yAjJavalkya ne kahA hai- 'jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA ke saMyoga ko hI yoga kahA gayA hai / '

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pAtaJjala-parzanam 575 tadetadvArtam / jIvaparayoH saMyoge kAraNasyAntarakarmAderasambhavAt / ajasaMyogasya kaNabhakSAkSacaraNAdibhiH prtikssepaacc| mImAMsakamatAnusAreNa tadaGgIkAre'pi nityasiddhasya tasya sAdhyatvAbhAvena zAstravaiphalyApattazca / dhAtUnAmanekArthatvena yujeH samAdhyarthatvopapattezca / taduktam 4. nipAtAzvopasargAzca dhAtavazceti te tryH| anekArthAH smRtAH sarve pAThasteSAM nidarzanam // iti / [ukta zaMkA ] nissAra hai, kyoMki jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA ke saMyoga ke lie kAraNa ke rUpa meM una donoM meM kisI meM bhI kriyA Adi kA honA asambhava hai| [ na to jIvAsmA hI cala sakatA hai na paramAtmA, ataH donoM kA saMyoga hI nahIM hogaa| saMyoga hone ke tIna prakAra haiM-(1) do saMyogI padArthoM meM kisI eka kI kriyA se utpanna saMyoga, jaise-pakSI ke baiThane se vRkSa aura pakSI kA saMyoga / (2) donoM padArthoM kI kriyA se utpanna saMyoga-do pahalavAnoM kA saMyoga, (3) saMyoga se utpanna saMyoga, jaise-hAtha aura vRkSa ke saMyoga se zarIra aura vRkSa kA saMyoga / yaha bheda kAlpanika hai| jIva aura paramAtmA meM koI bhI bheda sambhava nahIM, kyoMki ve vibhu haiM / ] [aba yadi Apaloga donoM ke saMyoga ko nitya mAnakara ukta kaThinAI se baca jAnA cAhate haiM to hama kaheMge ki ] nitya saMyoga ko to kaNAda aura gautama Adi RSiyoM ne hI nahIM mAnA hai / [ saMyoga kI nityatA saMyogI padArthoM kI nityatA para bhI nirbhara karatI hai| isa dRSTi se ghaTa aura paTa kA yA ghaTa aura AkAza kA saMyoga nitya nahIM hai| donoM saMyogiyoM ke nitya hone para bhI saMyoga kI anityatA dekhate haiM / do paramANu nitya haiM para unakA saMyoga to anitya hai / vAstava meM saMyoga eka kriyA hai jisakI utpatti hotI hai, vinAza hotA hai / do saMyogiyoM meM eka vimu rahane para bhI sthAna kA bheda to hogA hI aura saMyoga kI utpatti naye prakAra se hotI rahegI-ataH saMyoga kArya hI banA rhegaa| donoM saMyogiyoM ke vibhU hone para saMyoga nitya hogA kintu aise saMyoga se kAma hI kyA hogA? kArya bhI nitya hI rahegA / usa saMyoga ke lie ceSTA hI kyoM hogI? aise sambandha ko samavAya kahate haiM / saMyoga sadA anitya rahatA hai|] mImAMsakoM ke matAnusAra yadi nitya saMyoga svIkAra kareM to bhI isa ( nitya saMyoga ) kA koI sAdhya (prayojana, lakSya ) nahIM mila sakatA / ( yadi jIvAtmA paramAtmA meM saMyoga nitya ho to yaha hamArA lakSya nahIM bana sakatA, kyoMki vaha pahale se hI siddha hai isake lie prayatna kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| ] ataH yogazAstra kI prakriyAyeM bhI vyartha ho jaayeNgii| [ isase bacane kA upAya yaha hai ki ] dhAtu anekArthaka hote haiM aura isIlie yuj-dhAtu ko samAdhi ke artha meM siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai / yahI kahA hai-'nipAta, upasarga aura dhAtu,

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576 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ye tInoM anekArthaM mAne gaye haiM, unake pAThoM meM jo udAharaNa milate haiM [ ve hI isake pramANa haiM / ]' ata eva kecana yuji samAdhAvapi paThanti - 'yuja samAdhI' ( pA0 dhAtupATha, di0 71, Atmane0 ) iti / nApi yAjJavalkyavacanavyAkopaH / tatrasthasyApi yogazabdasya samAdhyarthatvAt / 5. samAdhiH samatAvasthA jIvAtmaparamAtmanoH / brahmaNyeva sthitiryA sA samAdhiH pratyagAtmanaH // iti tenoktatvAcca / taduktaM bhagavatA vyAsena ( yoga bhA0 111 ) yogaH samAdhirati / isalie kucha loga ( pANini Adi ) yuj - dhAtu kA artha samAdhi bhI mAnate haiM aura tadanusAra unake dhAtupATha meM milatA bhI hai- 'yuja samAdhI' ( divAdi 71, Atmanepada ) / yAjJavalkya kI bAta kA bhI isase khaNDana nahIM hotA / yAjJavalkya ke uparyukta vAkya meM bhI yoga- zabda samAdhi ke artha meM hI hai / [ jIva aura paramAtmA kA saMyoga arthAt samyak yoga = sAmyAvasthA hI yoga ( = samAdhi ) kahalAtA hai / buddhi Adi kalpita upAdhiyoM se yukta dharmoM ko chor3akara svAbhAvika anAsakti ke rUpa meM jIva kI, paramAtmA kI taraha, avasthita ho jAne ko sAmyAvasthA kahate haiM / isI kA pratipAdana 'niraJjanaH paramaM sAmyamupeti' ( muM0 3|1|3 ) ityAdi zrutiyoM meM huA hai, yahI mukti hai / ] yAjJavalkya svayaM kahate haiM - 'jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA kI sAmyAvasthA samAdhi hai / jIvAtmA kI jaba sthiti brahma meM ho jAya vahI samAdhi hai|' ise vyAsa ne bhI bhASya ( yogabhASya 211 ) meM kahA hai- yoga samAdhi ko hI kahate haiM / ( 7 ka. yoga kA artha samAdhi -Apatti ) nanvevamaSTAGgayoge caramasyAGgasya samAdhitvamuktaM pataJjalinA ( pAta0 yo0 sU0 2 / 29 ) - yamaniyamAsanaprANAyAmapratyAhAradhAraNAdhyAnasama:dhayo'STAvaGgAni yogasya' iti / na cAGgI evAGgatAM gantumutsahate / upakAryopakArakabhAvasya darzapUrNamAsaprayAjAvI bhinnAyatanatvenAtyantabhedAt / ataH samAdhirapi na yogazabdArtho yujyata iti cet / isa prakAra eka zaMkA ho sakatI hai| aisA hone para yoga ke ATha aMgoM meM antima aMga ko jo pataJjali ne samAdhi kahA hai, isakA kyA uttara hogA ?' sambaddha sUtra yaha hai- 'yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi - ye yoga ke ATha aGga haiM' ( yogasUtra 2 / 29 ) / aMgI ( yoga ) aMga nahIM bana samAdhi lete haiM taba to yoga yA samAdhi hI aMgI hai jisake ATha aGga haiM / punaH samAdhi ko sakatA / [ yadi yoga kA artha

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pAtaJjala varzanam 577 eka aMga bhI mAnate haiM ataH upakAraka aura upakArya eka hI mAnanA par3atA hai jo sambhava nhiiN| phala yaha hogA ki cittavRttinirodhakavAle sUtra tathA prastuta 'yamaniyama0' sUtra meM virodha hogaa| yoga aura samAdhi meM antara karanA hI par3egA-eka aMgI ( upakArya ) hai, dUsarA aGga ( upakAraka ) / ] ___ darza-pUrNamAsa ( upakArya, aMgI ) tathA prayAja ( upakAraka, aMga ) ke sambandha kI taraha upakArya aura upakAraka kA sambandha, donoM ke Azraya bhinna rahane ke kAraNa, Atyantika bheda kI apekSA rakhatA hai / isalie yoga zabda kA samAdhi artha rakhanA yuktiyukta nahIM hai / tanna yujyte| vyutpattimAtrAbhidhitsayA 'tadevArthamAtranirbhAsaM svarUpazUnyamiva samAdhi:' (pAta. yo0 sU0 3 / 3) iti nirUpitacaramAGgavAcakena samAdhizabdenAGgino yogasyAbhedavivakSayA vyapadezopapatteH / na ca vyutpattibalAdeva sarvatrazabdaH pravartate / tathAtve gacchatIti gauriti vyutpattaistiSThangaurna syAt / gacchandevadattazca gauH syAt / [ ukta zaMkA kA samAdhAna-] yaha tarka ThIka nahIM hai / kevala vyutpatti ( prakRti aura pratyaya se utpanna avayavArtha ) janita artha kahane kA icchA se hI-'usa dhyAna meM ho jaba kevala dRzya artha kI pratIti hotI hai tathA jo apane kisI bhI rUpa se zUnya ho jAtA hai taba use samAdhi kahate haiM' (yo0 sU0 3|3)-is sUtra meM nirUpita antima aGga ke vAcaka samAdhi zabda se aGgI yoga zabda kA abheda batalAne ke lie hI vyAsa ne vaisA ( yogaH samAdhiH ) kahA hai| [ vyAsa ne apane bhASya meM yoga kA vyutpattijanya artha hI samAdhi ko batalAyA hai| vyAvahArika artha jise pravRttinimitta bhI kahate haiM, to kucha dUsarA hI haicittavRtti kA nirodha / vyutpattijanya artha bhI kucha denA hI thA, isIlie samAdhi kA pIchA kiyA gyaa| aisI bAta nahIM ki samAdhi hI yoga kA sadA ke lie artha hai| vyutpattijanya artha kA jo adhikAra hai vahI ise bhI prApta hai| ] aisA nahIM socanA cAhie ki zabda kI pravRtti ( vyavahAra ) saba jagaha vyutpatti ke bala se hI hotI hai| yadi aisA huA karatA taba to 'gau' jAnevAlI vastu ko ( /gam ) kahate haiM' ataH isa vyutpatti ke anusAra gau kabhI bhI sthira nahIM ho sktii| udhara yadi devadatta nAma kA koI vyakti calAyamAna hotA to use bhI gau hI kahate / [ isalie yoga zabda kI vyutpatti se utpanna artha hI isakA paramArtha yA vyavahArArtha ( pravRttinimitta ) nahIM hai| yaugika zabdoM ke sAtha aisI bAta bhale hI ho. kyoMki vahA~ avayavoM kA artha hI pravRttinimitta hotA hai| yogarUr3ha yA rUr3ha zabdoM meM to vyutpattinimitta kI apekSA pravRttinimitta ho pradhAna rahatA hai| usI ke anusAra zabda kA prayoga hotA hai| 'go' zabda kA pravRttinimitta ( vyavahArArtha ) hai 'gotva', jabaki vyutpattijanya artha hai gamana kriyA kA AdhAra / 'go' zabda kA vyavahAra vyutpattijanya artha ke anusAra nahIM hotA / usI taraha 'yoga' zabda kA vyavahAra 37 sa0 saM0

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578 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe bhI pravRttinimitta ke anusAra hI hotA hai kyoki yaha rUDha zabda hai / yoga kA artha 'samAdhi' to vyutpattinimitta ( Derivative meaning ) hone ke kAraNa gauNa hai| ] ( 7 kha. yoga kA vyAvahArika artha-citavRttinirodha ) pravRttinimittaM ca prAguktameva-cittavRttinirodha iti| taduktaM-'yogazcittavRttinirodha: ( pAta. yo. sU. 12 ) iti / nanu vRttInAM nirodhazcedyogo'bhimatastAsAM jJAnatvenAtmAzrayatayA tannirodho'pi pradhvaMsapadavedanIyastadAzrayo bhavet / prAgabhAvapradhvaMsayoH pratiyogisamAnAzrayatvaniyamAt / tatazca-'upayannapayandharmo vikaroti hi dharmiNam' iti nyAyenAtmanaH kauTasthyaM vihanyeteti cet / __ yoga kA pravRttinimitta ( Usage ) to pahale hI batalAyA gayA ki cittavRtti kA nirodha hai / sUtrakAra ne kahA bhI hai-'citta kI vRttiyoM kA nirodha ho jAnA yoga hai' ( yo0 sU0 112 ) / vRttiyA~ pA~ca haiM-pramANa, viparyaya, vikala, nidrA tathA smRti ( yo0 sU0 116 ) / ajAta vastu kA nizcaya karAnevAlI vRtti pramANa hai / viparyaya = mithyAjJAna / vAstavikatA se dUra tathA kAlpanika pratIti ko vikalpa kahate haiM jaise yaha brAhmaNa sUrya hai, kharahe kI sIMga Adi / inakA nirodha ho jAnA hI yoga hai| ] aba eka zaMkA hotI hai ki yadi Apa vRttiyoM ke nirodha ( vinAza ) ko yoga mAnate haiM to ye vRttiyA~, jJAna hone ke kAraNa, AtmA para Azrita hoMgI aura inakA nirodha arthAt pradhvaMsa ( vinAza ) bhI usI AtmA para Azrita ho jaayegaa| prAgabhAva aura pradhvaMsAbhAva apane pratiyogI ke AdhAra para hI nirbhara karate haiM / [ jisa vastu kA abhAva hotA hai vaha abhAva kA pratiyogI hotA hai| yadi ghaTa kA prAgabhAva yA pradhvaMsAbhAva hai to abhAva dharmo huA aura ghaTa pratiyogI / ye dharmI aura pratiyogI donoM eka hI AdhAra para nirbhara karate haiM / yaha niyama hai / ] usake bAda-'dharma ke Agamana yA vinAza se dharmI meM vikRti utpanna hotI hai', isa niyama se AtmA kI kUTasthatA hI samApta ho jaaygii| [ kUTa = mUlasvarUpa / usameM avasthita rahanA kUTasthatA hai / AtmA kaTastha hai arthAt inameM kabhI vikRti nahIM hotii| yadi vRttiyA~ AtmaniSTha haiM to unakA vinAza ( pradhvaMsAbhAva ) bhI AtmaniSTha hI hogA / vRttiyAM AtmA ke dharma haiM / yadi inakA vinAza hotA hai to AtmA meM vikRti utpanna hotI hai kyoMki dharma ke Agama yA vinAza se dharmI vikRta hotA hai| isalie vRttiyoM ke vinAza ke samaya AtmA meM vikAra hogA aura usakI kUTasthatA nahIM raha skegii|] vizeSa -'upayannapayandharmo' kA nyAya bahuta prasiddha hai tathA do ullekha isake milate hai| eka to siddhAntabindu ( vedAnta kA grantha, racayitA madhusUdana sarasvatI, 1560 I0 )

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pAtaJjala -darzanam 579 kI TIkA nyAya ratnAvalI ( racayitA - brahmAnanda sarasvatI, samaya - 1650 I0 ) meM; dUsare, sUtasaMhitA ke zivamAhAtmyakhaNDa ke Arambha meM vidyAraNya kI TIkA meM / tadApi na ghaTate / nirodhapratiyogibhUtAnAM pramANaviparyayavikalpanidrAsmRtisvarUpANAM vRttInAmantaHkaraNAdyaparaparyAyacittadharmatvAGgIkArAt / kUTasthanityA cicchaktirapariNAmini vijJAnadharmAzrayo bhavituM nArhatyeva / na ca citizakterapariNAmitvamasiddhamiti mantavyam / 'citizaktirapariNAminI sadA jJAtRtvAt, na yadevaM na tadevaM yathA cittAdi' ityAdyanumAnasambhavAt / uparyukta zaMkA karanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai / nirodha yA vinAza ke pratiyogI ke rUpa meM vRttiyA~ - pramANa, viparyaya, vikalpa, nidrA aura smRti - svIkRta kI gaI haiM ( arthA vRttiyoM kA hI nirodha hotA hai ) / ye vRttiyA~ antaHkaraNa Adi ( = buddhi, citta, antaH karaNa ) ke nAma se pukAre jAnevAle citta ke hI dharma mAnI gaI haiM / [ jJAna, citta kA hI pariNAma hai / buddhi kI vRtti meM viSayoM kA AkAra A jAnA jJAna hai aura viSayoM ke AkAra se uparakta buddhi kI vRtti kA pratibimba cit-zakti para par3atA hai / jaise jala meM pratibimbita hone kI sAmarthya rUpa se yukta sthUla dravya meM hai usI prakAra puruSa meM pratibimba hone kI sAmarthya, vRtti se yukta citta meM hI hai / usa samaya buddhi kI vRttiyoM se grahaNa na kara sakane ke kAraNa usa prakAra kI buddhi ko vRttiyoM se abhinna rUpa meM citizakti vastuoM kA anubhava karatI hai| phalataH jJAna vAstava meM buddhi kA dharma hai, AtmA kA nahIM / AtmA kI kUTasthatA para koI prabhAva nahIM par3atA / ] [ naiyAyikAdi jo jJAna ko AtmA ke dharma mAnate haiM unakA uttara yaha hai - ] citrazakti ( caitanya yA AtmA ) kUTastha ( mUla rUpa meM sthita ), nitya tathA pariNAma ( parivartana, vikRti ) se rahita hai, vaha vijJAna-dharma kA Azraya nahIM hI ho sakatI hai / [ jJAna kA artha hai viSaya ke AkAra ke sadRza AkAra meM pariNata honA / AtmA apariNAmI hai ataH jJAna kA Azraya vaha nahIM ho sakatI hai / ] aisA nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki citizakti ( AtmA ) kA apariNAmI honA asiddha hai / [ citizakti ko apariNAmI mAnane ke lie ] isa prakAra ke anumAna kI sambhAvanA hai ( 1 ) citizakti apariNAmI | ( pratijJA ) ( 2 ) kyoMki yaha sadA jJAtA ke rUpa meM rahatI hai | ( hetu ) 3 ) jo aisA ( apariNAmo ) nahIM hai vaha vaisA ( jJAtA ) bhI nahIM, jaise citta Adi / ( vyatireka dRSTAnta ) vizeSa -cit-zakti kA viSaya hai vRtti se yukta citta / citta ke viSaya ghaTAdi padArtha haiM / ye ghaTAdi cit-zakti ke sIdhe viSaya nahIM, paramparA se ho sakate haiM / citrazakti

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580 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe cita- ghaTAdi / ghaTAdi padArthoM kA jJAna tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba indriya-saMyoga, prakAza Adi sAdhana vidyamAna hoN| yadi sAdhana hI na raheM to ye vidyamAna rahane para bhI ajJAta padArtha hI raheMge / yaha to huA citta aura ghaTAdi kA sambandha | cit-zakti aura citta meM aisA sambandha nahIM hai / aisA nahIM hotA ki cittavRtti vidyamAna hone para bhI ajJAta rahe / vRtti meM ajJAta sattA ho nahIM sakatI / nahIM to vidyamAna rahane para bhI cittavRtti kI ajJAta avasthA meM nimnalikhita saMzaya hote hI rahate - 'maiM sukhI nahIM yA maiM duHkhI nahIM' ityAdi / isIlie cittavRtti sadA jJAta rahatI hai aura cit-zakti jisa samaya cittavRtti kA sAkSAtkAra karatI hai usa samaya apariNAmI hI rahatI hai / yadi citta kI taraha hI cit-zakti meM bhI pariNAma mAneMge taba to cU~ki pariNAma kArya hai, isalie kabhI hogA kabhI nahIM, phalataH cittavRtti sadA jJAta nahIM ho sakegI / aba jJAna kI prakriyA para bhI vicAra kara leM / viSayoM kA jJAna jaba cittavRtti ke dvArA hotA hai taba viSaya apane AkAra kA samarpaNa cittavRtti meM kara dete haiM / kintu jaba cittavRtti kA jJAna cit-zakti ke dvArA hotA hai taba vRtti cit-zakti meM kevala pratibimbita hI hotI hai / jaba buddhi ko vRtti vidyamAna rahegI taba pratibimbana kriyA anivArya hai / ataeva AtmA ( cit-zakti) jJAtA ke rUpa meM sadA avasthita rahatI hai / niSkarSa yaha hai ki cittavRtti sadA jJAta hotI rahatI hai aura cit-zakti sadA jJAtA banI rahatI hai | ataH citzakti apariNAmI hI rahatI hai / Age ise mUla meM hI spaSTa kareMge / uparyukta anumAna meM dRSTAnta vyatireka - vidhi kA diyA gayA hai, kyoMki anvaya-vidhi meM milanA hI sambhava nahIM thA / tathA yadyasau puruSa: pariNAmI syAttadA pariNAmasya kAdAcitkatvAtAsAM cittavRttInAM sadA jJAtatvaM nopapadyeta / cidrUpasya puruSasya sadevAdhiSThAtRtvenAvasthitasya yadantaraGgaM nirmalaM sattvaM tasyApi sadeva sthitatvAt / yena yenArthenoparaktaM bhavati tasya dRzyasya sadava cicchAyApattyA bhAnopapattyA puruSasya niHsaGgatvaM sambhavati / aisI sthiti meM yadi vaha puruSa ( AtmA ) pariNAmI hotA to cUMki pariNAma kabhI - kabhI huA karatA hai, isalie citta kI vRttiyA~ bhI sadA jJAta nahIM ho sakatIM / cit-zakti ke rUpa meM jo puruSa hai vaha adhiSThAtA ke rUpa meM sadA hI avasthita rahatA hai / usake antaraGga meM nirmala sattA kI bhI sthiti sadA rahatI hai / jisa-jisa artha ( vastu ) ke sAtha [ citta ] uparakta hotA hai usa dRzya vastu kI chAyA cita - zakti ( AtmA ) para par3atI hai tathA pratIti hotI hai- - isa prakAra puruSa kI niHsaMgatA sambhava hai / tatazca siddhaM tasya sadA jJAtRtvamiti na kadAcitpariNAmitvazaGkAvatarati / cittaM punaryena viSayeNoparaktaM bhavati sa viSayo jJAtaH, yenoparaktaM na

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pAtaJjala-darzanam 581 bhavati tadajJAtamiti vastuno'yaskAntamaNikalpasya jJAnAjJAnakAraNabhUtoparAgamitvAdayaH sadharmakaM cittaM pariNAmItyucyate / isa prakAra yaha siddha huA ki puruSa ( AtmA ) sadA jJAtA banA rahatA hai, isalie usake pariNAmI ( parivartanazIla ) hone ko zaMkA kabhI nahIM uTha sakatI / aba citta kI yaha dazA hai ki vaha jisa viSaya se uparakta ( sambaddha ) hotA hai, vahI viSaya jJAta hotA hai / jisase usakA uparAga nahIM vaha ajJAta hI rahatA hai| vastu ayaskAnta maNi (cumbaka Magnet ) kI taraha hotI hai tathA citta lohe kI taraha hai| jJAna kA kAraNa uparAga ( sambandha ) hai tathA ajJAna kA kAraNa uparAga na honA hai| ye ( uparAga aura anuparAga ) citta ke dharma haiM isIlie use (cita ko ) pariNAmI kahate haiN| [ cumbaka kriyAzIla ] nahIM hai kintu vaha AkRSTa kara sakatA hai| viSaya bhI kriyAhIna hI haiM, kintu lohe ke samAna kiyAzIla citta ko apanI ora AkRSTa karake ( indriyoM ke dvArA ) apane AkAra kI taraha kA AkAra samarpita karate haiM / AkAra kA samarpaNa hI uparAga kahalAtA hai| uparAga hone para viSayoM kA jJAna hotA hai, na hone para nahIM / uparAga dharma hai jo citta ke pariNAmI hone para hI sambhava hai| ataH citta kA pariNAmI honA siddha hotA hai| * vizeSa prastuta sthala bhAratIya manovijJAna ke adhyayana ke lie atyanta hI upAdeya hai / citta kI vRttiyoM kA vizleSaNa yoga meM hI huA hai| (8. citta aura viSayoM kA sambandha ) nanu cittasyendriyANAM cAhaMkArikANAM sarvagatatvAt sarvaviSayairasti sadA sambandhaH / tathA ca sarveSAM sarvadA sarvatra jJAnaM prasajyeteti cet-na / sarvagatatve'pi cittaM yatra zarIre vRttimata, tena zarIreNa saha sambandho yeSAM viSayANAM, teSvevAsya jJAnaM bhavati, netareSu-ityatiprasaGgAbhAvAt / ata evAyaskAntamaNikalpA viSayA ayaHsadharmakaM cittamindriyapraNAlikayA'bhisambadhyoparaJjayantItyuktam / aba yahA~ para zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki ahaMkAra se utpanna honevAlI indriyA~ tathA citta sarvavyApaka hai ataH sabhI viSayoM ke sAtha inakA sadA sambandha hotA hai / isa prakAra to sabhI samaya, sabhI jagaha, sabhI cIjoM kA jJAna hone lgegaa| [ tAtparya yaha hai ki citta aura indriyoM ko vibhU mAnA jAtA hai| yadi citta ko vibhu na mAnakara aNu mAneMge to eka bAra meM aneka viSayoM ke sAtha sambandha nahIM ho sakegA tathA ekAgratA mAnanI par3egI / jaba ekAgratA pahale se hI siddha hai taba yogazAstra meM ekAgratA ke upadeza kI vidhi vyartha hI ho jAyagI / isIlie citta ko vibhu mAnate haiM / dUsare, yadi mana vibhu nahIM hotA to sugandhita jala pIne meM yA bar3e-bar3e pue khAne meM eka sAtha hI jo do indriyoM ke dvArA anubhUti hotI hai ( sugandha-nAka, jala-jIbha; bar3e-bar3e-A~kha, pue-jIbha ) vaha nahIM ho sakatI / yogI

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582 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe loga jo eka hI sAtha akhila padArthoM kA sAkSAtkAra kara lete haiM vaha bhI sambhava nahIM ho pAtA / yogiyoM kA yaha sAkSAtkAra laukika pratyakSa hI hai, alaukika nhiiN| yoga ke dvArA jJAna ke pratibandhaka kAraNa bhara dUra kara diye jAte haiM, nahIM to yaha sAkSAtkAra sAmAnya dRSTi se hI hotA hai / indriyoM ko bhI isIlie vibhu kahA gayA hai| yadi ye vibhu nahIM hotI to yogI loga dezAntara meM sthita padArthoM kA sAkSAtkAra kaise karate ? yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki indriyA~ apanI vRttiyoM kA lAbha nirdiSTa sthAna para hI karatI haiN| sthAnoM ke AdhAra para indriyoM ko aNa kaha dete haiM para yaha kahanA kevala aupAdhika ( Conditional ) hai| indriyAM sAttvika ahaMkAra se utpanna hotI haiM aura ahaMkAra vyApaka hai ataH indriyoM ko vibhu mAnane meM koI ar3acana bhI nahIM hai| phala yaha hogA ki mana (citta ) aura indriyoM ke vyApaka hone ke kAraNa sabhI viSayoM kA sannikarSa sadA hotA rhegaa| cAhe yogI ho yA ayogI, sadA hI jJAna hotA rhegaa| ] [ isa zaMkA kA uttara hai ki ] aisI bAta nahIM hai| sarvavyApaka hone para bhI citta jisa zarIra meM vRtti se yukta ( = viSaya ke AkAra meM pariNata ) hotA hai usa zarIra ke sAtha jina viSayoM kA sambandha hotA hai unhIM ( viSayoM ) ke sAtha hI usa zarIra kA jJAna-sambandha hotA hai, dUsaroM ke sAtha nahIM-isa prakAra atiprasakti nahIM ho sakatI / isIlie (citta kA pariNAma zarIra meM hI hotA hai anyatra nahIM, isalie ) cumbaka kI taraha viSaya lauhasadRza citta ko indriyarUpI praNAlI ( mAdhyama ) se sambaddha karake uparakta karate haiM, aisA kahA gayA hai / ( dekhiye-vyAsabhASya 4 / 17 ) / tasmAccittasya dharmA vRttayo nAtmanaH / tathA ca zrutiH-'kAmaH saMkalpo vicikitsA zraddhAzraddhA tiradhatiauM / rityetatsarvaM mana eva' (bR0 1 // 5 // 3) iti / cicchakterapariNAmitvaM paJcazikhAcAryarAkhyAyi-apariNAminI bhoktazaktiriti / pataJjalinApi-'sadA jJAtAzcittavRttayastatprabhoH puruSasyApariNAmitvAt' (pAta0 yo0 sU0 4 / 18) iti| cittapariNAmitve'numAnamucyate-cittaM pariNAmi jJAtAjJAtaviSayatvAt zrotrAdivaditi / ___ isalie vRttiyA~ citta ke dharma haiM, AtmA ke nhiiN| isake lie zruti bhI pramANa hai'kAma ( icchA ), saMkalpa ( 'yaha nIla hai' isa prakAra kA jJAna ), sandeha ( vicikitsA), zraddhA ( Astika buddhi ), azraddhA, dhairya, adhairya, lajjA, buddhi ( yA jJAna ) aura bhaya, ye sabhI mana ( Mind ) hI haiN|' ( bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 115 // 3) paJcazikha AcArya ne citzaki ( AtmA ) kA apariNAmI honA batalAyA bhI hai-'bhoktRzakti ( arthAt AtmA ) apariNAmI hai' ( yo0 sU0 2 / 20 ke bhASya meM vyAsa dvArA uddhRta ) / pataJjali ne bhI kahA hai- '[ cit-zakti ke viSaya ke rUpa meM ] cittavRttiyAM sadA jJAta rahatI haiM' [ citta ke viSayabhUta ghaTAdi padArthoM kI taraha jJAta aura ajJAta donoM hI nahIM rahatIM ], kAraNa yaha hai

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pAtaJjala-varzanam 583 ki unakA bhoktA puruSa pariNAmI nahIM hai' ( yo0 sU0 4 / 18 ) / citta ko pariNAmI mAnane ke lie to anumAna diyA jAtA hai ( 1 ) citta pariNAmI hai / ( pratijJA ) ( 2 ) kyoMki isake viSaya - ghaTAdi - jJAta bhI haiM, ajJAta bhI / ( hetu ) ( 3 ) jisa prakAra zrotra Adi indriyA~ haiM / ( dRSTAnta ) / ( 8 ka. pariNAma ke tIna bheda ) pariNAmazca trividhaH prasiddho dharmalakSaNAvasthAbhedAt / dharmiNazcittasya nIlAdyAlocanaM dharmapariNAmaH / yathA kanakasya kaTakamukuTakeyUrAdi / dharmasya vartamAnatvAdilakSaNapariNAmaH / nIlAdyAlocanasya sphuTatvAdiravasthApariNAmaH / kaTakAdestu navapurANatvAdiravasthApariNAmaH / evamanyatrApi yathAsambhavaM pariNAmatritayamUhanIyam / tathA ca pramANAdivRttInAM cittadharmatvAttanirodho'pi tadAzraya eveti na kiJcidanupapannam / pariNAma tIna prakAra kA prasiddha hai - dharmapariNAma, lakSaNapariNAma aura avasthApariNAma | jaba dharmI arthAt citta nIlAdi kA sAkSAtkAra ( nIla ke AkAra meM cittavRtti kA pariNAma ) karatA hai taba use dharmapariNAma kahate haiM jaise kanaka ke [ dharmapariNAma ] kaTaka ( kaMgana ), kuNDala, keyUra Adi haiM / [ avasthitadharmI meM eka dharma kA tirobhAva hone dUsare dharma kA Agamana honA dharma - pariNAma hai / citta ke dharma isakI aneka vRttiyA~ haiM jo viSayoM ke AkAra meM rahatI haiM / nIla kA sAkSAtkAra karane para jo nIlAkAra vRtti rahatI hai usakA tirodhAna hone para dUsare viSayoM kA sAkSAtkAra karane para vRtti kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai / kanaka meM kaMgana ke dharma kA tirobhAva ho dharma kA Agamana hotA hai| miTTI meM piNDa kA dharma lupta hone para ghaTadharma AtA hai AdiAdi / yogazAstra bhI sAMkhya kI taraha satkAryavAda ko mAnyatA detA hai isalie ina dharmoM kA vinAza yA utpatti nahIM mAna skte| sabhI dharma sadA vartamAna rahate haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki dharmo kA tirobhAva aura AvirbhAva kahate haiM - vinAza aura utpatti nahIM / ] usa dUsare AkAra kI jAne para mukuTa ke dharma kA vartamAna honA Adi lakSaNapariNAma haiM / [ jaise dharmI svarUpa se sadA vidyamAna rahane para bhI vibhinna dharmoM se yukta hotA hai usI prakAra pratyeka dharma sadA vidyamAna rahane para kI bhaviSyata, vartamAna aura bhUta ke rUpa meM vibhinna lakSaNoM se yukta hotA hai / yahI dharma kA lakSaNapariNAma hai| eka lakSaNa chor3akara dharma dUsare lakSaNa se yukta ho jAtA hai / dharma ke samAna hI ye lakSaNa bhI tirobhUta yA AvirbhUta hote haiM ataH satkAryavAda kI rakSA ho jAtI hai / ] nIlAdi kA sAkSAtkAra karane meM sphuTa honA Adi avasthApariNAma hai, kaMgana Adi meM nayA purAnA Adi honA hI avasthApariNAma hai / [ nIla kA sAkSAtkAra vartamAna ke

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe lakSaNapariNAma meM hone para bhI avasthA ke bheda se tAratamya rakha sakatA hai / koI sAkSAtkAra sphuTa ho sakatA hai, koI sphuTatara hai, koI asphuTa to koI sphuTatara / usI prakAra kanaka ke dharma - kaTaka meM bhI tAratamya ho sakatA hai-- koI navIna, to koI prAcIna Adi / yaha avasthA - pariNAma kSaNa-kSaNa meM hotA hai / avasthita lakSaNa hI jaba eka avasthA chor3akara dUsarI avasthA meM praveza karatA hai tabhI yaha pariNAma hotA hai / ] isa prakAra dUsare sthAnoM meM bhI yathAsambhava tInoM pariNAmoM kA anveSaNa kara lenA cAhie / isI taraha pramANa Adi vRttiyA~ ( yo sU0 116 ) cUMki citta ke dharma haiM isalie ina vRttiyoM kA nirodha bhI citta para hI Azrita haiM - ataeva yahAM para koI bAta asamaMjasa meM DAlanevAlI nahIM hai / ( 9. yoga kA artha vRttinirodha lene para Apatti ) nanu vRttinirodho yoga ityaGgIkAre suSuptyAdau kSiptamUDhAdicittavRttInAM nirodhasambhavAd yogatvaprasaGgaH / na caitadyujyate / kSiptAdyavasthAsu klezaprahANAderasambhavAnniHzreyasaparipanthitvAcca / tathA hi--kSiptaM nAma teSu teSu viSayeSu kSipyamANamasthiraM cittamucyate / tamaH samudre magnaM nidrAvRttibhAvitaM mUDhamiti gIyate / kSiptAdviziSTaM cittaM vikSiptamiti gIyate / 584 aba yahA~ para eka zaGkA hai ki jaba Apa yoga kA artha vRtti kA nirodha honA svIkAra kareMge to suSupti Adi dazAoM meM kSipta, mUDha tathA dUsarI citta vRttiyoM kA nirodha to hotA hI hai, ataH una dazAoM ko bhI yoga hI mAna lenA par3egA [ jisase yoga ke ukta lakSaNa meM ativyApti - doSa utpanna ho jAyagA / citta ko pAMca avasthAeM haiM- kSipta, mUr3ha, vikSipta, ekAgra tathA niruddha / suSupti ( Sound sleep ) kI dazA meM kSipta aura vikSipta vRttiyA~ nahIM rahatI / usI taraha jAgRti kI dazA meM mUr3ha vRtti nahIM rahatI hai / baddha jIva meM ekAgra tathA niruddha vRttiyoM kA abhAva yA nirodha sadeva banA rahatA hai / to kyA vRttiyoM ke nirodha ke kAraNa ina dazAoM ko bhI hama yoga hI kaha deMge ? vRttinirodha kA artha Apa kucha vRttiyoM kA hI nirodha lete haiM, sabhI vRttiyoM kA nahIM / yadi aisA nahIM ho to yoga ke rUpa meM mAnI gayI samprajJAta samAdhi meM avyApti hogI kyoMki usameM AtmaviSayaka sAttvika vRtti kA nirodha to nahIM hI hotA hai / ] punaH ukta dazAoM ko yoga mAnanA yuktiyukta bhI nahIM hai / kSipta Adi avasthAoM meM kleza kI Atyantika nivRtti ( prahANa ) asambhava to hai hI, sAtha-sAtha ve dazAeM mokSa kA virodha bhI karanevAlI haiM / vaha isa prakAra hai - kSipta vaha citta hai jo vibhinna viSayoM meM pravRtta hone para asthira ( caJcala ) hai / [ rajoguNa ke Adhikya ke kAraNa yaha citta bahirmukha hokara viSayoM meM prerita hotA hai / detyoM aura dAnavoM meM aisA citta sadA hI sAtha rahatA hai / ] tamoguNa ke samudra meM DUbA huA tathA nidrAvRttiyukta citta ko mUr3ha kahate haiM / [ aise

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585 pAtaJca gam citta meM kRtya aura akRtya kA vicAra nahIM rahatA tathA yaha krodhAdi durguNoM se bharA rahatA hai / rAkSasoM aura pizAcoM meM prAyaH sadeva aisA citta rahatA hai / ] jo cittaM kSipta se viziSTa ho use vikSipta kahate haiM / [ isa citta meM sattvaguNa kA udreka hotA hai tathA yaha duHkha ke sAdhanoM ko tyAgakara sukha ke sAdhaka viSayoM- jaise zabda Adi meM pravRtta hotA hai / devatAoM meM aisA citta sadA hI rahA karatA hai| yaha citta kisI vizeSa viSaya ke anusAra kabhI -kabhI kucha samaya ke lie sthira bhI ho jAtA hai / yoM yaha bhI caJcala hI hai / isI vizeSa kA varNana aba gItA ke pramANa se kareMge tathA isakI svAbhAvika caMcalatA kA ullekha yogasUtra ke AdhAra para hI karane jA rahe haiM / ] vizeSo nAma cazvalaM hi manaH kRSNa pramAthi balavad dRDham ( gI0 6 / 34 ) iti nyAyenAsthirasyApi manasaH kadAcitkasamudbhUtaviSayasthairyasambhavena sthairyam / asthiratvaM ca svAbhAvikaM vyAdhyAdyanuzayajanitaM vA / tadAha - 'vyAdhistyAnasaMzayapramAdAlasthAviratibhrAntidarzanAlabdha bhUmikatvAnavasthitatvAni cittavikSepAste'ntarAyAH / ' ( pAta0 yo0 sU0 1 30 ) iti / [ Upara kahA gayA hai ki kSipta se vikSipta meM vizeSatA hotI hai / ] aba usa vizeSatA kA artha hai sthiratA / 'he kRSNa ! mana bar3A caJcala hai, yaha pramAthI ( zarIra aura indriyoM meM kSobha utpanna karanevAlA ) hai, balavAn ( jisakA nivAraNa abhipreta viSaya se kisI taraha bhI na ho sake ) tathA dRr3ha ( viSaya-vAsanArUpI durga meM rahane ke kAraNa abhedya ) bhI hai / ' ( gI0 6 / 34 ) isa niyama se, viSayoM ko kabhI-kabhI sthira karanA sambhava hone ke kAraNa, mana ko, asthira hone para bhI, sthira kiyA jA sakatA hai / ( vikSipta meM yahI vizetA hai ) / mana kI asthiratA yA to svAbhAvika hai yA vyAdhi-Adi anuzayoM ( anubandhoM, pUrvakRta karmoM ke phaloM se utpanna hotI hai / ise kahA hai- ' vyAdhi ( Sickness ), styAna (Languor ), saMzaya ( Doubt ), pramAda ( Carelessness ), Alasya ( Laziness ), avirati ( Addiction to objects ), bhrAntidarzana ( Erroneous perception ), alabdhabhUmikatva ( Failure to attain some stage ) aura anavasthitatva ( Instability ), ye citta ke vikSepa ( asthira banAnevAle ) haiM ataH ye yoga antarAya ( bAdhaka ) haiM / ( yo0 sU0 1130 ) / [ ina antarAyoM kA varNana alagaalaga bhI kara rahe haiM / usake sAtha hI pUrvapakSa kA upasaMhAra kiyA jAyagA / ] tatra doSatraya vaiSamyanimitto jvarAdirvyAdhiH / cittasyAkarmaNyatvaM styAnam / viruddhakoTidvayAvagAhi jJAnaM saMzayaH / samAdhisAdhanAnAmabhAvanaM viSayAbhilASozarIravAkcittagurutvAdapravRttirAlasyam / 'viratiH / atasmastadbuddhirbhrAntidarzanam / kutazcinnimittAtsamAdhi pramAdaH / /

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe bhUmeralAbho'labdha bhUmikatvam / labdhAyAmapi tasyAM cittasyApratiSThAnavasthitatvamityarthaH / 586 tatmAnna vRtti nirodho yogapakSanikSepamarhatIti cet / unameM tIna doSoM (vAta, pitta, kapha) kI viSamatA se utpanna jvarAdi ko vyAdhi kahate haiM / citta kA akarmaNya ( yogAnuSThAna ke asamartha ) honA styAna hai / do virodhI vikalpoM ke sAtha sambaddha jJAna saMzaya hai / samAdhi ke sAdhanoM ko bhAvanA ( prApti ke lie yatna ) na karanA pramAda | zarIra, vANI yA mana ke bhArI hone se kisI kAma meM pravRtti na honA Alasya / [ kapha Adi kI vRddhi se zarIra bhArI ho jAtA hai / tAmasa padArthoM ke sevana se vANI bhI bhArI ho jAtI hai tathA tamoguNa ke udreka se citta bhArI ho jAtA hai / ] viSayoM kI abhilASA rakhanA avirati hai / eka vastu meM dUsarI vastu kA jJAna kara lenA bhrAntidarzana hai / kisI bhI kAraNa se samAdhibhUmi ( madhumatI Adi kisI bhUmi ) ko na pA sakanA alabdhabhUmikatva kahalAtA hai / [ madhumatI Adi bhUmiyoM kA varNana isI darzana meM Age kareMge / ] samAdhi-bhUmi ko pA lene para bhI usameM citta kA pratiSThita na honA anavasthitatva hai / yahI sUtra kA artha hai | isalie ( kSiptAdi avasthAoM meM vRtti kA nirodha hone para bhI yoga ke phala ke rUpa meM prApta klezahAni se niHzreyasa prApti na ho sakane ke kAraNa ) vRtti nirodha ko hama yoga kA lakSaNa nahIM mAna sakate / ( 9 ka. samAdhAna ) maivaM vocaH / heyabhUtakSiptAdya vasthAtraye vRttinirodhasya yogatvAsambhave'pyupAdeyayorekAgraniruddhAvasthayovRttinirodhasya yogatvasambhavAt / ekatAnaM cittamekAgramucyate / niruddhasakalavRttikaM saMskAramAtrazeSaM cittaM niruddhamiti bhaNyate / aisA mata kaho / kSipta Adi tIna avasthAe~ tyAjya haiM ataH unake vicAra se [ unameM ativyApti hone ke bhaya se ] vRttiyoM ke virodha ko yoga bhale hI na mAneM, kintu jahA~ taka ekAgra aura niruddha ina donoM upAdeya avasthAoM kA sambandha hai, vRtti nirodha ko yoga mAnanA hI par3egA / [ vAstava meM kSiptAdi avasthAoM meM bhI ekAdha vRtti kA nirodha ho jAne se hameM una avasthAoM meM yoga ke lakSaNa kI ativyApti nahIM samajhanI cAhie | yoga ke lakSaNa meM jo cittavRtti nirodha AyA hai usakA artha hai - draSTA ko apane svarUpa meM Atyantika rUpa se avasthita karA denevAlA cittavRttinirodha yA kleza - karmAdi kA vinAzaka cittavRttinirodha / aisI bAta nahIM ki eka vRtti kA nirodha ho jAne se yoga ho gayA aura isa lakSaNa para dUsarI avasthAoM ko bhI hama yoga kaha deM / kSipta, mUr3ha yA vikSipta avasthA meM kisI vRtti kA nirodha ho jAtA hai sahI, parantu na to usa nirodha se

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pAtajala-varzanam 587 draSTA apane svarUpa meM avasthita hI ho sakatA hai aura na hI vaha nirodha kleza Adi kA virodhI hai / ] [ sattvaguNa se bhara jAne para ] jaba citta kisI eka vastu meM sthira ho jAtA hai taba use ekAgra avasthA kahate haiM ] jaba citta kI sArI vRttiyAM ruka jAyeM, kevala saMskAra bhara hI zeSa rahe to use niruddha citta karate haiM / [ ye donoM avasthAeM yoga ke lie upAdeya haiN| ataH inake vicAra se yoga cittavRtti kA nirodha to hai hI / ] ( 10 samAdhi kA nirUpaNa - isake bheda ) sa ca samAdhidvividhaH - samprajJAtAsamprajJAtabhedAt / tatraikAgracetasi yaH pramANAdivRttInAM bAhyaviSayANAM nirodhaH sa samprajJAtasamAdhiH / samyaka prajJAyate'smin prakRteviviktatayA dhyeyamiti vyutpatteH / sa catuvidhaH / savitarkAdibhedAt / samAdhirnAma bhAvanA / sA ca bhAvyasya viSayAntaraparihAreNa cetasi punaH punarnavezanam / [ yoga ke paryAya ke rUpa meM prasiddha ] yaha samAdhi do prakAra kI hai-- samprajJAta ( jisameM jJAna spaSTa ho ) aura asamprajJAta ( jisameM spaSTa jJAna bhI na rahe ) / jaba ekAgra avasthA meM Aye hue citta meM bAhya viSaya arthAt pramANa Adi vRttiyoM kA nirodha ho jAya taba use samprajJAta samAdhi kahate haiM / isakI vyutpatti ( nirvAcana ) hai ki jisameM dhyeya vastu prakRti se pRthak rUpa meM acchI taraha prajJAta ho / isake cAra bheda haiM-savitarka Adi ( = savicAra, sAnanda tathA sAsmita ) / samAdhi eka taraha kI bhAvanA hai aura isakA abhiprAya hai-- bhAvya vastu ( jisa vastu kA cintana ho rahA ho vaha vastu ) ko dUsare viSayoM se bacAkara citta meM bAra-bAra baiThAnA / [ smaraNIya hai ki sabhI viSayoM kA nirodha ho jAne para bhI samprajJAta samAdhi meM Atma-viSayaka sAttvika pramANavRtti rahatI hI hai / ] bhAvyaM ca dvividham - IzvarastattvAni ca / tAnyapi dvividhAni jaDAjaDabhedAt / jaDAni prakRtimahada haMkArAdIni caturviMzatiH / ajaDaH puruSaH / tatra tadA pRthivyAdIni sthUlAni viSayatvenAdAya pUrvAparAnusandhAnena zabdArthollekhasambhedena ca bhAvanA pravartate sa samAdhiH savitarkaH / tanmAtrAntaHkaraNalakSaNaM sUkSmaM viSayamAlambya dezAdyavacchedena bhAvanA yadA pravartate tadA savicAraH / bhAvya vastu ke bhI do bheda haiM- Izvara aura tattvasamUha / tattvasamUha do prakAra ke haiMjar3a aura ajar3a / prakRti, mahat, ahaMkAra Adi caubIsa jar3a padArtha haiN| puruSa ( jIvAtmA ) ajar3a hai / ( 1 ) savitarka samAdhi vaha hai jaba ina bhAvya vastuoM meM se pRthivI Adi sthUla padArthoM ko viSaya ke rUpa meM lekara, pUrva aura apara ke krama kA anusandhAna karate hue ,

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588 - sarvadarzanasaMgrahetathA zabda aura unake artha ke ullekha kI ekatA dikhAte hue koI bhAvanA pravRtta hotI hai| [vitarka = sthUla vastuoM kA sAkSAtkAra / isa sAkSAtkAra kI utpatti usa bhAvanA se hotI hai jisameM pahale sAmAnya taba vizeSa' yA 'pahale dharmI taba dharma' isa prakAra pUrvApara kA krama khojA jAtA hai| zarIra aura indriyoM meM jo guNa-doSa pahale se gune gaye haiM unhIM meM yaha krama khojate haiM / yadi koI vizeSa pahale se sune gaye nahIM hoM, taba bhI koI bAta nahIM-yoga-bala se bhAvanA ke binA bhI sAkSAtkAra ho jAyagA / yogasUtra meM kahA gayA hai-tatra zabdArthajJAnavikalpaiH saMkIrNA savitarkA ( 1142 ) arthAt zabda, artha aura jJAna ke bhedoM se milI huI ( tInoM bhinna padArthoM kI jisameM abheda-pratIti ho ) savitarka samApatti hotI hai / savitarka meM zabda, artha aura jJAna kA bheda banA hI rahatA hai ki yaha gau zabda hai, usakA yaha artha hai tathA una donoM ko prakAzita karanevAlA eka jJAna hai| inameM sthUla padArthoM kA hI grahaNa hotA hai| ] (2) savicAra vaha samAdhi hai jaba tanmAtra ( rUpa, rasa Adi ) tathA antaHkaraNa, ina sUkSma padArthoM ko viSaya banAkara deza, kAla Adi ( = nimitta ) ke vicAra se milakara bhAvanA utpanna huI ho / [ deza, kAla aura kArya kAraNa kA anubhava rakhate hue sUkSma tantrAtroM meM zabdAdi bhedoM se mizrita samApatti savicAra hai / kArya-kAraNa kA anubhava isa rUpa meM hotA hai-sUkSma pRthivI kA kAraNa haiM gandhatanmAtra-pradhAna pA~ca tanmAtra, ityAdi / ] vizeSa-sthUla padArtha-viSayaka sAkSAtkAra ke savitarka aura nirvitarka do bheda haiM jabaki savicAra aura nirvicAra sUkSma-padArthaviSayaka sAkSAtkAra ke bheda haiM / vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dekheM-yogasUtra ( 1 / 42-44 ) / yadA rajastamolezAnuviddhaM citta bhAvyate tadA sukhaprakAzamayasya sattvasyodrekAsAnandaH / yadA rajastamolezAnabhibhUtaM zuddhaM sattvamAlambanIkRtya yA pravartate bhAvanA tadA tasyAM sattvasya nyagbhAvAccitizaktarudrekAcca sattAmAtrAvazeSatvena sAsmitaH samAdhiH / taduktaM pataJjalinA-vitarkavicArAnandAsmitArUpAnugamAtsamprajJAtaH ( pAta0 yo0 sU0 1 / 17) iti| (3 ) jaba rajoguNa aura tamoguNa ke lezamAtra aMza se yukta citta kI bhAvanA kI jAtI hai taba sukha aura prakAza se nimitta sattva kA udreka hotA hai-yahI sAnanda samAdhi hai| [ isa avasthA meM sattva prabala rahatA hai aura citi-zakti dabI huI rahatI hai / jisa prakAra kAlpanika rAjya meM vicaraNa karate hue ( Day dream yA divAsvapna dekhate hue ) manuSya ko Ananda AtA hai vahI Ananda isa samAdhi meM bhI hai / duHkha aura moha lezamAtra rahate haiM, sukha ( sattva ) pracura mAtrA meM rahatA hai / ] (4) jaba rajoguNa aura tamoguNa kA leza bhI na rahe, vaise zuddha sattvaguNa para AdhArita hokara bhAvanA utpanna ho taba usa sattva ke bhI daba jAne se tathA citi-zakti ke udreka

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pAtaJjala- darzanam 589 se kevala sattA kA hI bacA raha jAnA sAsmita samAdhi hai / [ isa samAdhi meM IzvarasvarUpa tathA jIvAtmA donoM ko jar3a se pRthak karake dekhate haiM / ' ahamasmi' kevala yahI AkAra bacA rahatA hai / pahale jIvAtmA ke viSaya kI asmitA hotI hai / usake bAda usase bhI sUkSma asmitA paramAtmA ke viSaya meM hotI hai / yahI citta kI antima bhUmi hai / isake bAda koI jJeya viSaya rahatA hI nahIM / ] pataJjali ne ise kahA hai- 'vitarka, vicAra, Ananda aura asmitA nAmaka svapnoM ke sambandha se [ jo citta kI vRttiyoM kA nirodha hotA hai vaha ] samprajJAta samAdhi hotI hai' ( yo0 sU0 1117 ) / vizeSa - mAdhavAcArya ne yogasUtra 1 / 17 kI bhojavRtti se uparyukta paMktiyAM lI haiM / citta kI uparyukta cAra bhUmiyoM ( Stages ) ko kramazaH madhumatI, madhupratIkA, vizokA tathA saMskArazeSA kahate haiM / aba asamprajJAta samAdhi kA nirUpaNa karate haiM / sarvavRttivirodhe tvasamprajJAtaH samAdhiH / nanu sarvavRttinirodho yoga ityukte samprajJAte vyAptirna syAt / tatra sattvapradhAnAyAH sattvapuruSAnyatAkhyAtilakSaNAyA vRtteranirodhAditi cet -- tadetadvArtam / klezakarmavipAkAzayaparipanthicittavRttinirodho yoga ityaGgIkArAt / kintu jaba sabhI vRttiyoM kA nirodha ho jAtA hai taba samAdhi asamprajJAta kahalAtI hai / yahA~ para eka prazna ho sakatA hai ki jaba Apa 'sabhI pravRttiyoM kA nirodha honA yoga hai' aisA kahate haiM taba to samprajJAta samAdhi ( jisameM kucha hI vRttiyoM kA nirodha hotA hai, ahaMkAra raha hI jAtA hai) isa lakSaNa ke andara nahIM A sakegI / usa ( samprajJAta samAdhi ) meM sattva aura puruSa kI pRthak pratIti kA nirdeza karanevAlI sattvapradhAna [ pramANa ] vRtti kA to nirodha nahIM hI ho pAtA / kintu yaha prazna bilkula nissAra hai, kyoMki kleza, karma, vipAka aura Azaya ke virodhI ke rUpa meM citta vRtti nirodha ko hama yoga mAnate haiM / [ nirodha kA artha sabhI vRttiyoM kA nirodha hI nahIM hai pratyuta jisase klezAdi kA vinAza ho / samprajJAta samAdhi meM bhI klezAdi kA nirodha hotA hai ataH yahAM bhI cittavRtti-nirodha to huA hI / ] ( 11. pA~ca prakAra ke kleza- avidyA para Apatti ) klezAH punaH pazvadhA prasiddhAH -- avidyAsmitArAgadveSAbhinivezAH klezAH ( pAta0 yo0 sU0 2 / 3 ) iti / nanvavidyetyatra kimAzrIyate ? pUrvapadArthaprAdhAnyamamakSikaM vartata itivat / uttarapadArthaprAdhAnyaM vA rAjapuruSa itivat / anyapadArthaprAdhAnyaM vA amakSiko deza itivat / kleza pA~ca prakAra ke prasiddha haiM - 'avidyA ( eka vastu ko dUsare rUpa meM samajhanA ), asmitA ( citta aura puruSa ko eka samajhanA ), rAga ( viSayoM kI abhilASA ), dveSa

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590 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ( krodha ) tathA abhiniveza ( deha Adi se kabhI biyoga na ho, isa prakAra kI manobhAvanA ) - ye kleza haiM' ( yo0 sU0 213 ) | aba prazna hai ki 'avidyA' zabda meM kisa samAsa kA avalambana lete haiM ? 'amakSikaM vartate' ( makkhiyoM kA abhAva ho gayA ) isa samAsa kI taraha kyA pUrvapadArtha kI pradhAnatA ( avyayIbhAva samAsa ) mAnate haiM ? [ 'avyayaM vibhakti 0 pA0 sU0 2 / 1 / 6 ) se abhAva ke artha meM 'makSikANAmabhAvaH' karane se 'amakSikam ' banatA hai / usI taraha 'vidyAyA: abhAvaH = avidyA' banatA hogA / avyayIbhAva samAsa meM pUrvapadArtha kI pradhAnatA hotI hai / ] athavA 'rAjapuruSaH ' kI taraha uttara padArtha kI pradhAnatA ( tatpuruSa samAsa ) mAnate haiM ? [ nav tatpuruSa samAsa meM isakA artha hogA - kisI vastu ke abhAva se viziSTa vidyA / rAjapuruSa: : : = rAjA ke sambandha se yukta puruSa / uttara padArtha arthAt puruSa pradhAna hai / ] [ athavA 'amakSiko deza : ' ( vaha deza jahA~ makkhiyAM nahIM haiM ) kI taraha anya padArtha kI pradhAnatA ( bahuvrIhi samAsa ) mAnate haiM ? [ na makSikA yasmin = amakSiko dezaH / yahA~ anya - padArtha arthAt deza kI pradhAnatA hai / usI taraha 'avidyamAnA vidyA yasyAH sA avidyA buddhi:' yaha artha ho jAyagA / ] tatra na pUrvaH / pUrvapadArthapradhAnatve'vidyAyAM prasajyapratiSedhopapattau klezAdikArakatvAnupapatteH / avidyAzabdasya strIliGgatvAbhAvApattezca / na dvitIyaH / kasyacidabhAvena viziSTAyA vidyAyAH klezAdiparipanthitvena tadbIjatvAnupapatteH / pahalA vikalpa [ ki yaha avyayIbhAva samAsa hai ] nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / 'avidyA' zabda se pUrvapadArtha kI pradhAnatA mAnane para prasajya - pratiSedha kI siddhi hogI / [ prApti ke sAtha pratiSedha honA prasajyapratiSedha hai / jaise- 'abrAhmaNaH' kahane se brAhmaNa ke abhAva kI prApti hotI hai / 'avidyA' meM vidyA kI prasakti hokara usakA abhAva pratIta hogA / vidyA sadRza kisI bhAvAtmaka ( Positive ) padArtha kI prApti honI caahie| kintu aisI bAta yahA~ nahIM / kevala abhAva hI to pratIta hotA hai utpanna nahIM kara sakatA [ kintu avidyA klezAdi utpanna karatI hai / ] dUsare, avyayIbhAva samAsa meM 'avidyA' zabda strIliGga nahIM raha sakatA / [ 'avyayIbhAvazca' ( pA0 sU0 2|4|18 ) sUtra ke anusAra avyayIbhAva samAsa kevala klIbaliGga hI hote haiM / ] ! vidyA kA abhAva ] kleza Adi ko [ tatpuruSa samAsa - nav mAnanevAlA ] dUsarA vikalpa bhI ThIka nahIM hai / yadi kisI ke abhAva se viziSTa ( Characterised ) vidyA ko avidyA kahate haiM (= yadi rAga, dveSa. zoka, moha Adi meM se kisI eka ke abhAva se yukta jJAna hI avidyA hai ) to aisI avidyA klezAdi kA vinAza ho karegI, unakA bIja ( utpAdaka ) nahIM ho sakatI / [ isa samAsa meM avidyA = vidyA / aura vidyA klezAdi ko naSTa ho karegI, utpanna nahIM / ]

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pAtaJjala- darzanam na tRtIyaH / naJo'styarthAnAM bahuvrIhirvA cottarapadalopazceti vRttikAravacanAnusAreNAvidyamAnA vidyA yasyAH sA avidyA buddhiriti samAsArthasiddhau tasyA avidyAyAH klezAdibIjatvAnupapatteH / vivekakhyAtipUrvaka sarvavRttinirodhasampannAyAstasyAH tathAtvaprasaGgAcca / 591 [ avidyA meM bahuvrIhi samAsa kI bhAvanA karanevAlA ] tIsarA vikalpa bhI ThIka nahIM hai / [ vArtika ke racayitA ( kAtyAyana ) kA kahanA hai ki naJ ( a, an ) ke bAda 'honA' ( asti, vidyamAna, vartamAna ) ke vAcaka zabdoM kA kisI dUsare pada ke sAtha bahuvrIhi samAsa hotA hai aura [ pUrva pada meM prayukta zabdoM meM se ] uttara pada kA vaikalpika lopa bhI hotA hai / [ jaise- 'adhana: ' meM 'avidyamAnaM dhanaM yasya saH' vigraha karate haiM, a + vidyamAna ( lopaprApta ) / vidyamAna aura dhana kA samAsa huA hai / ] tadanusAra, avidyamAna hai vidyA jisakI vaha avidyA buddhi hai / jaba isa rUpa meM samAsa ke artha kI siddhi kareMge to vaha avidyA [ kevala vidyArahita buddhi hone ke kAraNa, koI bhAvAtmaka padArtha na hone ke kAraNa ] kleza Adi kA kAraNa nahIM bana sakatI / [ yadi koI pUche ki vidyAbhAva ko kleza kA hetu mAna leM to kyA doSa hai ? to usakA uttara yaha hai - ] vaha buddhi hI kleza Adi kA kAraNa bana jAyagI jo viveka-jJAna ( prakRti aura puruSa ke bheda kA darzana ) kara lene ke bAda buddhi kI sabhI vRttiyoM ke nirodha se sampanna huI hai / uktaM cAsmitAdInAM klezAnAmavidyAnidAnatvam - 'avidyA kSetramuttareSAM prasuptatanuvicchinnodArANAm' ( pAta0 yo0 sU0 2 / 4 ) iti / tatra prasuptatvaM prabodhasahakAryabhAvenAnabhivyaktiH / tanutvaM pratipakSabhAvanayA zithilIkaraNam / vicchinnatvaM balavatA klezenAbhibhavaH / udAratvaM sahakArisannidhivazAtkAryakAritvam / sUtrakAra ne asmitA Adi dUsare klezoM ko avidyAmUlaka hI mAnA hai - ' bAda ke prasupta, tanu, vicchinna aura udAra klezoM kA kSetra ( AdhAra ) avidyA hI hai' ( yo0 sU0 214 ) / [ pA~ca klezoM meM avidyA ko chor3akara zeSa asmitA, rAga, dveSa aura abhiniveza ye cAra bacate haiM / ina cAroM meM bhI pratyeka ke prasuptAdi cAra-cAra bheda haiM / ina sabhI bhedoM aura avAntara bhedoM kI utpatti avidyA se hI hotI hai / maNiprabhA ke anusAra videha prakRti meM lIna yogiyoM ke kleza prasupta rahate haiM -- vivekajJAna na ho sakane ke kAraNa kleza dagdha nahIM hue haiM aura ve zakti (Energy ) ke rUpa meM avasthita haiM jisase anta meM phira uTha sakate haiM / kriyAyogiyoM ke kleza tanu hote haiM / viSaya kA sevana karanevAle puruSoM ke kleza vicchinna aura udAra bhI hote haiM / rAma ko jisa vastu meM rAga ( viSayAbhilASA ) hai usameM dveSa

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592 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe vicchinna ho jAtA hai, rAga udAra rahatA hai| jahAM krodha udAra rahatA hai, vahAM rAga vicchinna ho jAtA hai / ] unameM prasupta kleza use kahate haiM jo prabodha (jAgRta) karanevAle sahakArI ke abhAva meM abhivyakta nahIM huA hai / [ ye kleza cittabhUmi meM haiM para jagAnevAlA na hone se apanA kArya nahIM karate haiM / isa prakAra ke kleza bAlakoM tathA prakRtilaya yogiyoM meM hote haiM / tanu kleza vaha hai jo viruddha ( klezanAzaka ) vastu ko bhAvanA ( dhyAna ) se zithila kara diyA gayA ho [ jaise una yogiyoM kA kleza, jinameM thor3I vAsanA bacI huI ho ] / kleza taba vicchinna hotA hai jaba kisI dUsare adhika balavAn kleza ke hI dvArA parAsta kara diyA gayA ho [ jaise dveSa kI avasthA meM rAga vicchinna ho jAtA hai aura rAga kI avasthA meM dveSa / ye donoM cUMki eka dUsare ke virodhI haiM isalie eka hI sAtha nahIM raha sakate / ] udAra kleza vaha hai jisameM sahakArI ke sAmIpya ke kAraNa kArya utpanna karane kI zakti ho jAya [ jaise baddha jIvoM meM rAga yA dveSa yA kisI kleza kA adhika honA / ] taduktaM vAcaspatimizreNa vyAsabhASyavyAkhyAyAm - 6. prasuptAstattvalInAnAM tanvavasthAzca yoginAm / vicchinnodArarUpAzca klezA viSayasaGginAm // ( tattvavaM 0 2 / 4 iti ) / dvandvavatsvatantra padArthadvayAnavagamAdubhayapadArthapradhAnatvaM nAzaGkitam / tasmAtpakSatraye'pi klezAdinidAnatvamavidyAyAH prasiddhaM hIyeteti cet / ise vAcaspati mizra ne vyAsabhASya kI [ tattvavezAradI ] vyAkhyA meM kahA hai'tattva meM jo lIna haiM unake kleza prasupta rahate haiM, yogiyoM ke kleza tanu avasthA meM rahate haiM tathA viSayasevI puruSoM ke kleza vicchinna aura udAra rUpa meM rahate haiM / ' ( ta0 ve0 2 / 4 ) | dvandva samAsa kI taraha [ avidyA - zabda meM ] do svataMtra padArtha na ubhaya padArtha kI pradhAnatA ( dvandva samAsa hone ) kI bhI zaMkA nahIM isalie tInoM prakAra se vigraha karane para avidyA kA vaha prasiddha guNa jo kleza Adi kA utpAdana karanA hai, vahI khaNDita hotA hai / rahane ke kAraNa karanI cAhie / ( 11 ka. Apatti kA samAdhAna ) tadapi na zobhanaM vibhAti / paryadAsazaktimAzrityAvidyAzabdena vidyAviruddhasya viparyayajJAnasyAbhidhAnamiti vRddharaGgIkArAt tadAha7. nAmadhAtvarthayoge tu naiva naJ pratiSedhakaH / vadatyabrAhmaNAdharmAvanyamAtravirodhinau / iti / 1

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pAtaJjala-darzanam 8. vRddhaprayogagamyo hi zabdArthaH sarva eva naH / tena yatra prayukto yo na tasmAdapanIyate // iti / vaha bhI acchA nahIM lagatA kyoMki paryudAsa-zakti kA sahArA lekara 'avidyA' zabda ke dvArA, vidyA ke viruddha rahanevAle viparyayajJAna (mithyAjJAna ) kA artha purAne loga svIkAra karate haiN| [ niSedha kI do dazAeM haiM--prasajya aura paryudAsa / prasajya pratiSedha meM niSedha kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai, jaise-amakSikaM vartate = yahAM makkhI taka nahI hai, na paThati Adi / paryudAsa pratiSedha meM bhAvAtmaka padArtha kI pradhAnatA hotI hai / isase sadRza vastu kA grahaNa hotA hai-'abrAhmaNo dhAvati' kahane para, 'brAhmaNa ke sadRza koI dUsarA vyakti daur3a rahA hai' yaha bhAvAtmaka ( Positive ) artha hotA hai / 'avidyA' kA artha bhI vidyA kA abhAva' (prasajya ) na hokara 'mithyAjJAna' ( paryudAsa ) hai| aisA hI artha prAcIna AcAryoM ne kiyA hai| ] ___ ise kahA hai-'nAma ( saMjJA ) aura dhAtu ke artha se sambaddha hone para naJ niSedha nahIM krtaa| [liG Adi pratyayoM ke artha se saMyukta hone para hI yaha niSedha hotA hai| ise 'prasajya' kahate haiM-prasajyapratiSedho'yaM kriyayA saha yatra naJ / jahA~ naJ niSedha nahIM karatA vahA~ vaha paryudAsa arthAt bheda kA nirdeza karatA hai / ] 'abrAhmaNa' zabda meM na kevala anya ( brAhmaNabhinna puruSa ) kA tathA 'adharma' zabda meM [ dharma ke ] virodhI artha kA nirdeza karatA hai / // 7 // hama logoM ko sArA zabdArtha vRddha (prAcIna) puruSoM ke prayoga se jAnanA cAhie / vRddha ne kisI zabda kA prayoga jisa artha meM kiyA hai vaha zabda usa artha se pRthak nahIM kiyA jAtA // 8 // ____ vAcaspatimizrarapyuktaM-lokAdhInAvadhAraNo hi zabdArthayoH smbndhH| loke cottarapadArthapradhAnasyApi natra uttarapadAbhidheyopamardakasya tadvirudvatayA tatra tatropalabdherihApi tadviruddha pravRttiriti / ____vAcaspati mizra ne bhI kahA hai ( ta0 vai0 2 / 5 )-'zabda aura usake artha kA sambandha loka-prayoga ke AdhAra para hI nizcita kiyA jAtA hai / laukika prayoga meM [ tatpuruSa samAsa meM ] yadyapi uttara padArtha kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai kintu naJ tatpuruSa to uttara pada ke artha ( abhidheya ) kA upamardana ( arthAt paryudAsa bheda ) karake usa ( uttara pada ke artha ) ke viruddha rUpa meM sarvatra pAyA jAtA hai| isalie yahA~ ( 'avidyA' zabda meM ) bhI [ naJ apane uttarapadArtha-vidyA ke ] viruddha hI pravRtta ho sakatA hai|' [ avidyA = vidyA ke viruddhamithyAjJAna / ] etadevAbhipretyoktam-'anityAzuciduHkhAnAtmasu nityazucisukhAtmakhyAtiravidyA' (pA0 yo0 sU0 215) iti| atasmistabuddhiviparyaya ityuktaM bhvti| tadyathA-anitye ghaTAdau nitytvaabhimaanH| azucau kAyAdau shucitvprtyyH| 38 sa0 saM0

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe 1 9. sthAnAdbIjAdupaSTambhAnniSyandAnnidhanAdapi / kAyamAdhayazaucatvAtpaNDitA hyazuci viduH // iti / isI abhiprAya se kahA gayA hai- 'anitya, azuci, duHkha aura anAtmA meM kramazaH nitya, zuci, sukha aura AtmA kA jJAna karanA avidyA hai' ( pAta0 yo0 sU0 225 ) / jahA~ koI vastu nahIM hai, vahA~ usa vastu kA jJAna honA viparyaya hai - yahI kahane kA abhiprAya hai ( dekhiye yo0 sU0 118 ) / [ avidyA ke ye cAra avAntara bheda batalAye jA rahe haiMati meM nitya kA jJAna, apavitra meM pavitra kA, duHkha meM sukha kA tathA anAtmA meM AtmA kA / isakA ulaTA bhI sambhava hai - nitya meM anitya kA Adi / vastutaH ye upalakSaNa haiN| isI se pApa meM puNya kA jJAna Adi bhI avidyA hI hai avidyA ko viparyaya bhI kahate haiM, kyoMki donoM meM hI mithyAjJAna hotA hai / vaha (vidyA) isa prakAra hai - ghaTAdi anitya padArthoM ke nitya hone kA vizvAsa rakhanA, zarIra Adi apavitra padArthoM ko pavitra samajhanA / [ apavitra padArthoM kI sUcI isa taraha hai--'sthAna ke kAraNa ( mutrAdi se yukta mAtA ke udara se utpanna honA ), bIja ( zukra aura raktarUpI AdAna kAraNa ) ke kAraNa, poSaka padArtha ( bhukta anna aura pIta rasAdi) ke kAraNa, niHsRta padArtha ( Excretion, pasInA, mala, mUtrAdi ) ke kAraNa tathA mRtyu hone ke kAraNa loga zarIra ko apavitra kahate haiM aura isalie [ snAnAdi ke dvArA ] zarIra meM zauca ( pavitratA ) kA AdhAna karate haiM / [ ye kAraNa aise haiM jo vedapAThiyoM ke zarIra ko bhI apavitra karate haiM ataH zauca kA prayoga loga karate haiM / ] 5.94 'pariNAmatApasaMskAraduHkhairguNavRttyavirodhAcca' duHkhameva sarvaM vivekinaH '' ( pAta0 yo0 sU0 2115 ) iti nyAyena duHkhe srakcandanavanitAdau sukhatvAropaH / anAtmani dehAdAvAtmabuddhiH / taduktam - 10. anAtmani ca dehAdAvAtmabuddhistu dehinAm / avidyA tatkRta bandhastannAzo mokSa ucyate // iti / ke 'cUMki pariNAma duHkha, tApa duHkha aura saMskAra - duHkha banA rahatA hai aura sAtha-sAtha [ saccAdi tIna ] guNoM kI vRtti binA virodha sarvatra hotI hai isalie vivekazIla puruSoM ke lie saba kucha duHkha hI duHkha hai' ( yo0 sU0 2 / 15 ) / [ sAmAnya vyavahAra meM jo musada padArtha haiM viveka ke lie ve duHkhada haiM kyoMki vaha unheM viSa mile hue svAdiSTa anna ke samAna samajhatA hai | jo sukha Upara se mila rahA hai vaha tIna prakAra ke duHkhoM kA kAraNa bana jA sakatA hai / gula kA upabhoga karane se indriyA~ thaka jAtI haiM jisase anta meM duHkha utpanna hotA hai, jise pariNAma - duHkha kahate haiM / sukhopabhoga ke samaya dUsaroM ko adhika 1. bo0 sU0 meM vRttivirodhAcca' pATha hai / abhyaMkara ne mUlastha pATha rakhakara saMgati baiThAyI hai /

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pAtaJjala-darzanam 595 mAtrA meM sukha kA upabhoga karate dekhakara IrSyA hotI hai ise tApaduHkha kahate haiM / sukhabhoga ke saMskAra citta para par3a jAte haiM, hama unakA smaraNa karake unheM pAne kA prayatna karate haiM / usake sAdhana yadi nahIM mile to duHkha hotA hai jise saMskAraduHkha kahate haiN| yahI nahIM, sattvAdi guNoM kI vRttiyA~ ( = sukha, duHkha aura moha ) kisI taraha kA virodha kiye binA hI Apasa meM milatI haiM / isalie, sukha ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM svIkRta padArtha ( vastu ) meM rajoguNa kI vRtti ( duHkha ) rahegI hii| donoM meM koI virodha to hai nahIM / isalie vivekI puruSa bhoga ke sabhI sAdhanoM ko duHkha hI samajhate haiM / ] __isa niyama se [ avidyA ke kAraNa ] loga mAlA, candana, vezyA Adi vastuta: du:khada padArthoM meM sukha kA Aropa karate haiM / [ yaha avidyA hai / ] phira, dehAdi jo AtmA nahIM hai, use AtmA samajhanA [ bhI avidyA hI hai| ise kahA hai-'deha Adi AtmA nahIM haiM kintu unheM dehadhArI loga jaba AtmA samajhate haiM to yahI avidyA hai / isI ke kAraNa saMsAra kA bandhana hotA hai aura usakA nAza mokSa kahalAtA hai // 10 // ' ___evamiyamavidyA catuSpadA bhvti| nanveteSu avidyAvizeSeSu kiMcidanugataM sAmAnyalakSaNaM varNanIyam / anyathA vishesssyaasiddhH| tathA coktaM bhaTTAcArya: 11. sAmAnyalakSaNaM muktvA vizeSasyaiva lakSaNam / na zakyaM kevalaM vaktumato'pyasya na vAcyatA // iti / tadapi na vAcyam / atasmistabuddhiriti sAmAnyalakSaNAbhidhAnena dattottaratvAt / isa prakAra yaha avidyA cAra prakAra kI hai / aba koI pUcha sakatA hai ki avidyA ke ina bhedoM meM anugata (vidyamAna ) koI sAmAnya lakSaNa deN| jisase avidyA kA lakSaNa hama jAna sakeM ] / yadi aisA nahIM kareMge to avidyA ke bhedoM kI hI siddhi nahIM hogI / jaisA ki [ kumArila ] bhaTTa ne kahA hai-'sAmAnya lakSaNa ko chor3akara kevala vizeSa (bhedoM ) kA hI nirUpaNa kara denA sambhava nahIM hai, isalie yahA~ para [ avidyA ke ] bhedoM kA varNana bhI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA // 11 // aisI zaMkA nahIM karanI cAhie kyoMki [ avidyA kA ] sAmAnya lakSaNa bhI kiyA gayA hai-'jahA~ vastu nahIM hai, vahAM para usakA jJAna kara lenA [ avidyA hai ]' / isa lakSaNa ke dvArA uttara mila jAtA hai| ( 12. asmitA, rAga aura dveSa ) sttvpurussyorhmsmiityektaabhimaano'smitaa| tadapyuktaM-'dRgdarzanazaktyorekAtmatevAsmitA' (pAta0 yo0 sU0 2 / 6 ) iti / sukhAbhijJasya sukhAnusmRtipUrvakaH sukhasAdhaneSu tRSNArUpo ga? raagH| duHkhAbhijJasya

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe tadanusmRtipurassaraM tatsAdhaneSu nivRttidveSaH / taduktaM- 'sukhAnuzayI rAgaH ' ( pAta0 yo0 sU0 27), 'duHkhAnuzayI dveSaH' dveSa:' ( pA0 yo0 sU0 28 ) iti / 596 sattva ( citta, buddhi ) aura puruSa ( AtmA ) ke bIca 'maiM hU~' ( ahamasmi ) isa rUpa meM ekatA kA bodha karanA asmitA hai / ise bhI kahA hai- 'dRkzakti ( draSTA, puruSa, AtmA ) aura darzanazakti ( buddhi, kAraNa ) donoM meM ekAkAratA jaisA mAna lenA asmitA hai' ( yo0 sU0 216 ) / [ anAtmA ko AtmA mAnane vAlI avidyA asmitA ( Egoism ) utpanna karatI hai / avidyA aura asmitA meM kucha antara hai / avidyA kI avasthA meM buddhi Adi meM sAmAnya rUpa se 'ahaM' kI bhAvanA rahatI hai, kintu usameM kahIM bheda bhI rahatA hai, abheda bhI / parantu asmitA meM Atyantika ( Perfect ) rUpa se abheda ho jAtA hai / ekatA kA bhrama pUrNarUpa se rahatA hai ki maiM Izvara hU~, maiM bhogI hU~ ityAdi / puruSa apariNAmI hai, buddhi pariNAmI / donoM zaktiyA~ ( bhoktA aura bhogya ) bilkula pRthak haiM / parantu donoM kA abheda grahaNa kara lene para ApasI dharmo kA adhyAsa hotA hai jisameM bhoga ( Enjoyment ) hotA hai / ] jo puruSa sukha se abhiz2a hai vaha sukha kA smaraNa karake sukha ke sAdhanoM kI prApti ke lie tRSNA karatA hai-- usakI ukta pratIkSA hI rAga hai / [ gardhaH = pratIkSA, tRSNA, AzA, VgRdh / tula0 'mA gRdhaH kasya svid dhanam ' ( Izo0 111 ) ] | duHkha se paricita puruSa duHkha kA smaraNa karake jaba duHkha ke sAdhanoM se nivRtta hotA hai vahI dveSa hai / aisA hI pataJjali ne kahA hai- 'sukha meM nivAsa karanevAlA ( anuzayI ) rAga hai' ( yo0 sU0 217 ) tathA 'duHkha meM nivAsa karanevAlA dveSa hai' ( yo0 sU0 218 ) / ( 13. 'anuzayI zabda kI siddhi meM vyAkaraNa kA yoga ) kimatrAnuzayizabde tAcchIlyArthe NinirinirvA matvarthIyo'bhimataH ? nAdya: / 'supyajAtau NinistAcchIlye' ( pANini sU0 3 / 2 / 78 ) ityatra supIti vartamAne punaH sugrahaNasyopasarganivRttyarthatvena sopasargAddhAtoNineranutpatteH / yathAkathaMcit tadaGgIkAre'pi 'aco JNiti' (pANi0 sU0 72 / 115 ) iti vRddhiprasaktAvatizAyyAdipadavat anuzAyipadasya prayogaprasaGgAt / yahA~ para prazna hai ki 'anuzayina' zabda kI siddhi kaise hotI hai-- kyA tAcchIlya ke artha meM ( sukhamanuzete, tacchIla: sukhAnuzayI ) Nini pratyaya huA hai ( anu + zIG + Nini ) athavA matup ( vaha usakA hai - saH asya asti ) ke artha meM ( sukha kA anuzaya arthAt sambandha; vaha jisake pAsa hai - sukhAnuzayI ) ini pratyaya huA hai ( anuzaya + ini - 'ata iniThanau' pA0 sU0 5 / 2 / 115 ) ?

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597 pAtaJjala- darzanam inameM pahalA vikalpa ( Nini mAnanevAlA ) ThIka nahIM / kAraNa yaha hai ki 'supyajAtI ginistAcchIlye' ( pA0 sU0 3 / 278 ) arthAt ' vaha usakA zIla yA Adata hai' isa artha meM jAtivAcaka ko chor3akara kisI bhI subanta zabda ke upapada meM ( pUrva meM ) rahane para dhAtu seni pratyaya hotA hai [ jaise uSNaM bhuGkte, tacchIla: uSNabhojI = jise barAbara garmAgarma bhojana kI Adata / jo kabhI-kabhI garma bhojana karatA hai use uSNabhojI nahIM kaheMge / ] pahale se [ 'supi stha:' ( 31214 ) sUtra se anuvRtta ] 'supi' zabda ke vartamAna rahane para bhI prastuta sUtra meM jo 'supi' zabda punaH liyA gayA hai usakA abhiprAya yahI hai ki usase 'upasarga upapada' kI nivRtti ho, ataH upasargasahita dhAtu meM Nini pratyaya kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI / [ 'supistha:' ( 31214 ) se 'supi' zabda kI anuvRtti Age ke sUtroM meM hotI hai / una sUtroM meM alaga se 'supi' kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| yadi kisI sUtra ( jaise'supyajAtI 0 ' meM ) 'supi' kahA gayA to koI vizeSa kAraNa hai / vaha kAraNa kyA hai ? bAta yaha hai ki 'satsUdviSadruhaduhayujavidabhidacchidajinIrAjAmupasarge'pi kvip' ( 32261 ) isa lambe sUtra se eka nayA prakaraNa Arambha ho gayA- - isa sUtra meM ginAye gaye dhAtuoM se subanta ke upapada meM hone para to pratyaya hote hI haiM ( 'supi sthaH' se 'supi' kI anuvRtti karake ) sAtha-sAtha upasarga ke upapada meM rahane para bhI pratyaya hote haiM / 'supyajAtI' meM isI upasarga kI nivRtti karane ke lie 'supi' kA punaH prayoga huA hai / ( 3 / 2 / 61 ) se 'supi upasarge' donoM kI anuvRtti hone lagI thI- donoM kI nivRtti sAtha-sAtha kI gaI aura abhISTa 'supi ' kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / phalataH 'anu + zo + Nini' nahIM ho sakatA / sopasargaka dhAtu se Nini pratyaya nahIM hotA / ] - yadi kisI prakAra isa Nini ko svIkAra bhI kareM' to bhI 'aco JNiti' arthAt Jit yA gita ( jisa pratyaya meM v yA N kA anubandha lagA ho ) pratyaya ke hone para usake pUrva ke svaravarNa ( ac ) ko vRddhi ho ( pA0 sU0 72 / 115 ) - isa sUtra se vRddhi kI prApti hogI aura 'atizAyina' Adi zabdoM kI taraha 'anuzAyin ( anuzAyI ) ' zabda kA hI prayoga hotA / [ anu + zI + Nini vRddhi hone se, anu +in + AyAdeza = anuzAyin / tAtparya yaha hai ki Nini pratyaya se 'anuzayI' nahIM ho sakatA / ] na dvitIyaH / ' ekAkSarAtkRto jAteH saptamyAM ca na tau smRtau' iti tatpratiSedhAt / atra cAnuzayazabdasyAjantatvena kRdantatvAt / tasmAdanu 1. 'supistha : ' meM sup kA artha upasargahIna sup ( kevala ) hai, 'satsUdvipa0' meM upasarga kA pRthak vidhAna hai | yadi 'supi sthaH ' se supi lAte to 'anuzAyI' Adi zabdoM meM Nini pratyaya nahIM hotA / upasarga se bhI Nini pratyaya ho ataH punaH supi vahA hai / upasarga hone para Nini hotA bhI hai - anuyAyivarga: ( raghu0 214 ), visAri sarvata: ( mAgha 112 ), anujIvibhi: ( kirA0 1 / 4 ) Adi / yaha vyAkhyA bhApyasammata hai /

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598 sarvadarzanasaMgrahezayizabdo durupapAda iti cet-netad bhadram / bhAvAnavabodhAt / prAyikAbhiprAyamidaM vacanam / dvitIya vikalpa ( ini pratyaya taddhita kA mAneM to ) bhI ThIka nahIM / kAraNa yaha hai ki nimnalikhita kArikA ke dvArA isakA niSedha kiyA gayA hai-ye donoM pratyaya ( ina = in tathA Than = ika; udAharaNa-daNDI, daNDikaH ) ekAkSara zabda ke bAda, kRdanta zabda ke bAda, jAtivAcaka zabda ke bAda tathA saptamI ke artha meM nahIM hote haiM' [ yaha kArikA ( 5 / / 115. ) meM uddhRta hai tathA vahA~ usakI vyAkhyA bhI kI gaI hai| matupa ke artha meM hone vAle in aura Than pratyayoM kA vahA~ niSedha kiyA gayA hai / ekAkSara zabda se-svavAn / khavAn / kRdanta se-kArakavAn / jAti se-vyAghravAn / siMhavAn / saptamI ke artha meM( daNDA: asyAM sanni iti ) daNDavatI zAlA / ] cUMki anuzaya zabda kRdanta ( anu + zI + ac -'erac' 3 / 3 / 56 ) hai kyoMki ac pratyaya se banA hai [ ataH usameM ini pratyaya nahIM ho sakataH / ], isalie 'anuzayI' zabda kI upapatti kaThina hai| [ anuzAyI yA anuzayavAna banAne meM koI Apatti nahIM hai / ] kinna isa taraha sandeha karanA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki Apa loga kArikA kA bhAva nahIM samajhate haiM / yaha kArikAstha vAkya 'prAyaH aisA hotA hai' isI abhiprAya se diyA gayA hai / ata evoktaM vRttikAreNa-itikaraNo vivakSArthaH sarvatrAbhisambadhyate iti / tena kvacid bhavati-kAryo kAyikastaNDulI taNDulikaH iti / tathA ca dantAjjAtezca pratiSedhasya prAyikatvam / anuzayazabdasya kRdantatayA inerupapatiriti siddham / isalie hI kAzikAvRtti ke racayitA ( jayAditya ) ne kahA hai-'[ tadasyAstyasminniti manum ( pA0 sU0 5 / 2 / 94 ) meM' ] iti zabda vivakSA kA nirdezaka hai aura bAda ke gabhI sUtroM meM lagAyA jAtA hai| [vivakSA = laukika prayoga ke anusAra pratyayoM kA vidhAna ] / isalie kahIM-kahIM hote haiM-kArya ( kR+ Nyat kRdanta pratyaya ) + ini = kAyin / kArya + Than = kAryika / taNDula ( jAti ) + ini = taNDulin / taNDula+Than= nagaDulika / ' usase patA lagatA hai kRdanna aura jAtivAcaka se yaha niSedha prAyika ( vaikalpika, vivakSAdhIna ) haiN| anuzaya zabda kRdanta hai ataH isase ini pratyaya ho sakatA hai ---yaha siddha huaa| ( 14 abhiniveza kA nirUpaNa ) pUrvajanmAnubhUtamaraNaduHkhAnubhavavAsanAbalAtsarvasya prANabhRnmAtrasyA kRmeza ca viduSaH saMjAyamAnaH zarIraviSayAdermama viyogo mA bhUditi pratyahaM nimittaM vinA pravartamAno bhayarUpo'bhinivezaH paJcamaH kleshH| mA na bhUvaM hi bhUyAsamiti prArthanAyAH pratyAtmamanubhavasiddhatvAt / tadAha-'svarasa

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pAtaJjala- darzanam 599 vAhI viduSo'pi tathA rUDho'bhiniveza:' ( pAta0 yo0 sU0 209 ) iti / te cAvidyAdayaH pazva sAMsArika vividhaduH khopahArahetutvena puruSaM kliznantIti klezAH prasiddhAH / pUrvajanma meM anubhUta mRtyu ke duHkha ke anubhava kI vAsanA ( saMskAra, impression ) ke kAraNa sabhI prANadhAriyoM meM cAhe ve kRmi hoM yA vidvAn - saboM meM utpanna honevAlA, 'zarIra, viSaya Adi se merA viyoga na ho' isa taraha binA kAraNa ke bhaya ke rUpa meM pravRtta honevAlA pA~cavA~ kleza abhiniveza hai / 'maiM kabhI atIta kA viSaya na bana jAU~, kintu sadA rahU~' isa taraha kI prArthanA pratyeka puruSa karatA hai jo anubhava se siddha hai / ise pataJjali ne kahA hai - [ marane kA bhaya jo hara eka prANI meM ] svabhAvataH baha rahA hai aura vidvAnoM ke lie bhI vaisA hI prasiddha ( rUr3ha ) hai [ jaisA ki mUrkho ke lie ], vaha abhiniveza nAma kA kleza hai' ( pA0 yo0 sU0 219 ) / avidyA Adi ye pA~coM kleza vividha sAMsArika duHkhoM kI prApti ( upahAra ) karane ke kAraNa puruSa ko kaSTa dete haiM ( / kliz ) tathA prasiddha haiM / ( 15. karma, vipAka aura Azaya ) karmANi vihitapratiSiddharUpANi jyotiSToma brahmahatyAdIni / vipAkAH karmaphalAni jAtyAyurbhogAH / AphalavipAkAccittabhUmau zerata ityAzayAH dharmAdharmasaMskArAH / tatparipanthicittavRttinirodho yogaH / nirodho nAmAvamAtramabhimatam / tasya tucchatvena bhAvarUpasAkSAtkArajananakSamatvAsambhavAt / kintu tadAzrayo madhumatI madhupratIkA-vizokA - saMskArazeSAvyapadezyazcittasyAvasthAvizeSaH / nirudhyante'sminpramANAdyAzcittavRttaya iti vyutpatterupapatteH / karma vihita aura pratiSiddha ke rUpa meM [ do prakAra ke haiM, ( vihita karma ) tathA brahmahatyA ( pratiSiddha karma ) Adi / karma ke 1 ve haiM - jAti ( janma ), Ayu ( jIvana kA samaya ) tathA bhoga ( sukha, duHkha aura pariNata hone ke samaya taka moha utpanna karanevAle sAdhanoM kA prayoga ) / phala ke pUrNataH jo citta kI bhUmi meM avasthita rahate haiM ( VzI ) adharma ke saMskAra | Azaya haiM arthAta dharma aura jaise | jyotiSToma phaloM ko vipAka kahate cittavRtti kA vaha nirodha jo ina klezoM kA virodhI hai vahI yoga hai / nirodha kA yahA~ para kevala 'abhAva' artha hI nahIM liyA gayA hai, kyoMki kevala abhAva artha to ] nirodha svarUpahIna ho jAyagA tathA vaha bhAvAtmaka ( Psitive ) sAkSAkAra jaanaa| isalie virodha me ( = dhyeya kA sAkSAtkAra ) utpanna karane meM asamartha citta kI una avasthAoM kA artha lete haiM, jo usa 1 para Azrita tathA

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe madhutratIkA, vizokA aura saMskArazeSA ke nAma se pukArI jAtI haiM / 'jisameM pramANAdi cittavRttiyA~ niruddha kara dI jAtI haiM vaha nirodha hai' - isa vyutpatti ( nirukti ) se bhI yahI bAta siddha hotI hai / 600 vizeSa - samprajJAta samAdhi ke cAra avAntara bheda hama dekha cuke haiM / savitarka samAdhi meM citta kI jo avasthA hotI hai use madhumatI kahate haiM / savicAra samAdhi meM citta kI avasthA madhupratIkA, sAnanda meM vizokA tathA sAsmita meM saMskArazeSA kahalAtI hai / ye avasthAeM cUMki bhAvarUna ( Positive ) haiM, ataH dhyeya kA sAkSAtkAra AsAnI se ho sakatA hai / ( 16. vRttinirodha ke upAya - abhyAsa aura vairAgya ) 'abhyAsa vairAgyAbhyAM vRttinirodhaH / tatra sthitau yatno'bhyAsaH / ' ( pAta0 yo0 sU0 1 / 12- 13 ) / vRttirahitasya cittasya svarUpaniSThaH prazAntavAhitArUpaH pariNAmavizeSaH sthitiH / taM nimittIkRtya yatnaH punaH punastathAtvena cetasi nivezanamabhyAsaH / 'carmaNi dvIpinaM hanti' itivat nimittArtheya saptamItyuktaM bhavati / abhyAsa ( Exercise ) aura vairAgya ( Dispassion ) ke dvArA vRttiyoM kA nirodha hotA hai / [ tulanIya - abhyAsaverAgyAbhyAM tannirodha: ( yo0 sU0 1112 ) / citta eka nadI kI taraha hai jisakA pravAha svabhAvata: viSayoM kI ora jAtA hai / viSayoM meM doSa dekhane se jo vairAgya hotA hai usI se citta kI dhArA rukatI hai / ruka jAne para viveka -darzana kA abhyAsa karane se vaha dhArA viveka mArga kI ora abhimukha ho jAtI hai / isI upAyadvaya se dhyeya vastu ke AkAra kI vRtti kA pravAha sthira tathA dRr3ha hotA hai / ] 'inameM se citta ko sthiti ke viSaya meM yatna karanA abhyAsa hai / ' ( yo0 sU0 1113 ) / jo citta [ rAjasa tathA tAmasa ] vRttiyoM se rahita ho gayA hai vaha jaba apane rUpa meM ( avasthita ) ho zAnta hokara bahatA hai ( prazAntavAhI ) taba aise pariNAma ( avasthAna ) ko sthiti kahate haiM / usa pariNAma ko nimitta mAnakara ( usakI prApti ke lie ) yatna kiyA jAtA hai arthAta usa rUpa meM hI cita meM bAra-bAra baiThAyA jAtA hai yahI abhyAsa hai / [ 'sthitI' zabda meM | yahA~ saptamI vibhakti 'carmaNi dvIpinaM hanti' ( camar3e ke isakI taraha [ 'nimittAtkarmayoga' 23 | 3 se ] nimitta ke lie bAgha ko mArate haiM ) artha meM huI hai - yahI kahanA hai / -- 'dRSTAnuzravikaviSaya vitRSNasya vazIkArasaMjJA vairAgyam' ( pAta0 yo0 sU0 1 / 15) / aihikapAratrika viSayAdau doSadarzanAnnirabhilASasya 'marmate viSayA vazyA: ' 'nAhameteSAM vazyaH' iti vimarzo vairAgyamityuktaM bhavati /

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pAtaJjala-varzanam 601 'dRSTa viSayoM ( strI, anna, jala Adi ) tathA Anubhavika viSayoM ( vedoM meM batalAye gaye svarga Adi ) se tRSNA haTA lenevAle vyakti jaba [ viSayoM ko apane ] vaza meM kara lene kA bodha karate haiM taba use vairAgya kahate haiM' ( yo0 sU0 1 / 15 ) / aihika aura pAraoffer donoM taraha ke viSayoM meM doSa ( vinAza, paritApa, sAtizaya, asUya Adi ) dekha lene ke bAda jisa vyakti meM [ unheM prApta karane kI ] lAlasA naSTa ho gaI ho tathA jaba vaha 'ye viSaya mere hI vaza meM haiM' aura 'maiM inake vaza meM nahIM hU~', isa prakAra kA vicAra karane lage vaha dazA vairAgya kahalAtI hai / vizeSa - verAgya kI cAra saMjJAyeM haiM - yatamAna-saMjJA ( rAgAdi ke pAka karanA ), ekendriya-saMjJA ( pake hue kaSAyoM kA mana meM utsukatA ke rUpa meM vazIkArasaMjJA ( laukika tathA alaukika viSayoM kI upekSA kara denA ) / isa upAyoM se citta kI vRttiyoM kA virodha hotA hai / aba abhyAsa aura vairAgya kI ho ? isake lie kriyAyoga batalAte haiM / vidhAnapareNa yoginA bhavitavyam / sambhavAt / taduktaM bhagavatA - ke lie yatna ( 17. samAdhiprApti ke lie kriyAyoga ) samAdhiparipanthiklezatanUkaraNArthaM ca samAdhilAbhArthaM prathamaM kriyAyogakriyAyogasampAdane'bhyAsa vairAgyayoH 12. ArurukSormuneryogaM karma kAraNamucyate / yogArUDhasya tasyaiva zamaH kAraNamucyate // rahanA ) tathA prakAra donoM siddhi kaise ( gI0 6 / 3 ) iti / samAdhi ke mArga meM zatru kI taraha rukAvaTa DAlanevAle klezoM ko kSINa karane ( unakI kAryakaro zakti ko samApta karane ) ke lie tathA samAdhi kI prApti ke lie, sabase pahale yogI ko kriyAyoga ( Practical concentration ) ke vidhAna ke anusAra calanA cAhie | kriyAyoga sampanna hone para hI abhyAsa aura verAgya sambhava haiM / ise bhagavAn kRSNa ne hI kahA hai--'jo muni yoga ( cittavRttanirodha ) para ArohaNa karane kI icchA rakhate haiM unake lie karma ( kriyAyoga ) hI sAdhana batalAyA gayA hai / yadi vahI muni yogArUr3ha ho gayA taba [ usake jJAna ke paripAka ke lie ] rAma ( sabhI karmoM se saMnyAsa lenA ) hI kAraNa kahA gayA hai / ' ( gI0 6 / 3 ) / vizeSa - gItA meM kRSNa ne isake bAda hI 'yogArUr3ha muni kA lakSaNa diyA haiyadA hi nendriyArtheSu na karmasvanuSajjate / sarvasaMkalpasaMnyAsI yogArUDhastadocyate // ( gI0 6 4 ) | arthAt jaba puruSa na to indriyoM ke viSayoM meM aura na karmoM meM hI Asakta hotA hai, jaba vaha sabhI saMkalpoM se saMnyAsa le letA hai tabhI yogArUr3ha kahalAtA hai /

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602 sarvadarzanasaMgrahekriyAyogazvopadiSTaH pataJjalinA-'tapaHsvAdhyAyezvarapraNidhAnAni kriyAyogaH' (pAta. yo0 sU0 211) iti / tapaHsvarUpaM nirUpitaM yAjJavalkyena 13. vidhinoktena mArgeNa kRcchacAndrAyaNAdibhiH / - zarIrazoSaNaM prAhustapasAM tapa uttamam // iti / praNavagAyatrIprabhRtInAM mantrANAmadhyayanaM svaadhyaayH| kriyAyAga kA upadeza bhI pataJjali ne kiyA hai-'tapa, svAdhyAya aura Izvara-praNidhAna (paramezvara meM sabhI karmoM ko arpita kara denA)-ye kriyAyoga haiM' (yo0 sU0 2 / 1) / tapa kA svarUpa yAjJavalkya ne isa prakAra nizcita kiyA hai-'vidhivAkyoM ke kathana ke anusAra kRcchra, cAndrAyaNa Adi vratoM ke dvArA jo zarIra kA zoSaNa kiyA jAtA hai use hI tapasyAoM meM sarvottama tapa mAnA gayA hai|' praNava ( OMkAra ), gAyatrI Adi mantroM kA adhyayana ( pArAyaNa ) karanA svAdhyAya hai| vizeSa-kRccha eka vata hai jisake kaI bheda haiN| unameM prAjApatya nAma kA kRccha bAraha dinoM meM sampanna hotA hai| prathama tIna dinoM taka prAta:kAla bhojana kareM, phira tIna dinoM taka sAyaMkAla bhojana kare, usake bAda tIna dinoM taka binA mAMge jo mile khA le aura anta meM tIna dinoM taka kucha na khAye / ( manu0 11 / 211 ) / cAndrAyaNa vrata candra kI gatividhi se eka mahIne meM sampanna hotA hai| zuklapakSa kI pratipad ko mora ke aNDe ke barAbara eka grAsa ( kavala ) khAyeM, dvitIyA ko do-isa krama se bar3hAte jAyeM aura pUrNimA ke dina pandraha grAsa khaayeN| phira kRSNapakSa kI pratipad ko caudaha grAsa, dvitIya ko teraha-isa krama se ghaTAte-ghaTAte amAvasyA ko bilkula upavAsa kreN| ise yavamadhya cAndrAyaNa kahate haiM, kyoMki yava ke dAne ke samAna isameM bhojana kI mAtrA bIca meM adhika ho jAtI hai / jaba kRSNapakSa kI pratipad se Arambha karake pUrNimA taka karate haiM to usameM bIca meM upavAsa kA dina par3atA hai| smaraNIya hai ki kRSNapakSa meM bhojana kama karate jAnA hai, zuklapakSa meM bar3hAte jAnA hai| isa taraha ke dUsare cAndrAyaNa ko pipIlikAmadhya cAndrAyaNa kahate haiM, kyoMki coMTI ke bIca kA bhAga jaise patalA hotA hai, vaise hI bhojana kI mAtrA bIca meM kama karanI hai| __ mantra zabda kA artha hai jisake manana karane se trANa ( rakSA ) ho / kalpasUtroM meM mantroM kI agamya aura acintya zakti kA varNana hai / tulasIdAsa ne bhI kahA hai : mantra mahAmani viSaya byAla ke / meTata kaThina kuaMka bhAla ke // ( rA0 ca0 mA0 1 / 31 / 5) ava yogazAstra kI eka alaga zAkhA-mantrazAstra kA vivaraNa prastuta karate haiN|

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pAtaJjala-darzanam ( 18. mantra aura unakA vivecana ) te ca mantrA dvividhAH - vaidikAstAntrikAca / vaidikAzca dvividhAHpragItAH apragItAzca / tatra pragItAH sAmAni / apragItAzva dvividhA:chandobaddhAstadvilakSaNAzca / tatra prathamA RcaH, dvitIyA yajUMSi / taduktaM jaimininA - ' teSAmRgyatrArthavazena pAdavyavasthA / gotiSu sAmAkhyA / zeSa yajuH zabdaH / ' ( jai0 sU0 2 / 1 / 33-35 ) iti / ye mantra do prakAra ke haiM - vaidika aura tAntrika / vaidika mantroM ke bhI do bheda haiMgIta (geya ) tathA apragIta ( ageya ) | pragIta mantroM meM sAma Ate haiM tathA apragIta ke do bheda haiM-- chandoM meM ba~dhe hue tathA chandoM se bhinna / chandoM meM ba~dhe hue vaidika mantra RcAe~ haiM aura chandoM se bhinna yajuS / ise jaimini ne [ momAMsA - sUtra 211/33-35 meM ] kahA hai - ' ina mantroM meM Rk vaha hai jahA~ [ vAkya meM ] artha ke anusAra caraNoM kI vyavasthA hotI hai / gItiyoM (gAna ke prakAroM) meM sAma nAma diyA jAtA hai / avaziSTa mantroM meM ( jahA~ na pAdavyavasthA hai na gAna hI ) yajuH zabda kA prayoga hotA hai / ' tantreSu kAmika kAraNaprapazvAdyAgameSu ye ye varNitAste tAntrikAH / te punarmantrAstrividhAH - strIpuMnapuMsakabhedAt / tadAha 14. strIpuMnapuMsakatvena trividhA mantrajAtayaH / strImantrA vahnijAyAntA namo'ntAH syurnapuMsakAH // 15. zeSA pumAMsaste zastAH siddhA vazyAdikarmaNi // iti / 603 tantroM (zAstroM) meM arthAt kAmika, kAraNa, prapaJca Adi AgamoM meM jina-jina mantroM kA varNana hai ve tAntrika mantra haiM / ye tAntrika mantra bhI tIna prakAra ke haiM--strIliMga, puMliMga tathA napuMsakaliMga | use kahA hai- 'strI, puruSa aura napuMsaka hone ke kAraNa mantroM ko tIna jAtiyA~ haiM / jinake anta meM 'svAhA' ( agni kI patnI ) zabda rahe ve strIliMga haiM, jinake anta meM 'namaH' zabda hai ve napuMsaka haiM tathA avaziSTa mantra puruSa haiM, ye hI sabase acche haiM aura vazya Adi karmoM meM siddhi prApta haiM / " vizeSa - Agama zabda kA akSarArtha isa prakAra hai- AgataM paJcavaktrAttu gataM ca girijAnane / mataM ca vAsudevasya tasmAdAgamamucyate // Agama kA lakSaNa tantroM meM isa prakAra diyA gayA haisRSTizca pralayazcaiva devatAnAM tathArcanam / sAdhanaM caiva sarveSAM purazcaraNameva ca // SaTkarma sAdhanaJcaiva dhyAnayogazcatuvidhaH / saptabhirlakSaNairyuktamAgamaM dvidurbudhAH //

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe yogazAstra meM mantra ke chaha karmoM kA varNana bhI hai- zAntikarma, vazyakarma, stambhanakarma, vidveSakarma, uccATanakarma tathA mAraNakarma / zAradAtilaka kA zloka hai 604 zAntivazyastambhanAni vidveSoccATane tathA / mAraNAntAni zaMsanti SaT karmANi manISiNaH // brahmavaivartapurANa ( pra0 a0 37 ) meM agni kI patnI svAhA kA ullekha hai --- prakRti kI kalA se sabhI zaktiyoM ke rUpa meM agni kI dAhikA zakti apanI kAmanA karanevAlI utpanna huI / grISmakAla meM dopahara ke sUrya kI prabhA ko bhI abhibhUta kara denevAlI vaha svAhA-sundarI agni kI patnI huI / ' ( 18 ka. mantroM ke dasa saMskAra ) jananAdisaMskArAbhAve'pi nirastasamastadoSatvena siddhihetutvAt siddhatvam / sa ca saMskAro dazavidhaH kathitaH zAradAtilake 16. mantrANAM daza kathyante saMskArAH siddhidAyinaH / nirdoSatAM prayAntyAzu te mantrAH sAdhu saMskRtAH // Upara mantroM ko siddha honA kahA hai / yaha isalie ki ve janana Adi saMskAroM ke abhAva meM bhI sabhI doSoM se rahita haiM tathA siddhi pradAna karate haiN| zAradAtilaka meM saMskAra ke ina dasa bhedoM kA varNana huA hai - 'mantroM ke dasa siddhidAtA saMskAra kahe jAte haiM / acchI taraha se saMskRta ( saMskArayukta ) kara diye jAne para ye mantra zIghra hI nirdoSa ho jAte haiM // 16 // ' 17. jananaM jIvanaM caiva tADanaM bodhanaM tathA / abhiSekaise vimalIkaraNApyAyane punaH // 18. tarpaNaM dIpanaM guptivaMzaitA mantrasaMskriyAH / mantrANAM mAtRkAyantrAduddhAro jananaM smRtam // 19. praNavAntaritAnkRtvA mantravarNAJjapetsudhIH / mantrArNasaMkhyayA taddhi jIvanaM sampracakSate // '[ ye saMskAra haiM- ] janana, jIvana, tADana, bodhana, abhiSeka, vimalIkaraNa, ApyAyana, tarpaNa, dIpana, gopana- ye dasa saMskAra mantroM ke haiM / mAtRkAyantra ( akSaroM kA banA huA yantra ) se mantroM kA uddhAra karanA janana ( Begetting ) saMskAra mAnA gayA hai / / 17-18 / / mantroM ke akSaroM ko praNava (OM kAra ) se gherakara ( bIca meM praNava rakhakara ) mantra ke varNoM ko saMkhyA ke jitanA japa karanA cAhie - ise hI jIvana ( Vivifying ) kahate haiM // 19 // [ kisI mantra meM jitane varNa ( a ) hoM japa kI saMkhyA bhI utanI hI hogI / jaise 'namaH zivAya' isa mantra meM pA~ca varNa haiM, to isakA japa bhI pA~ca

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pAtaJjala- darzanam 605 bAra hI karanA hai / pratyeka akSara ke bAda praNava denA hai - OM na OM maH OM zi OM vA OM ya OM isa taraha pAMca bAra japa kareM, to mantra kA jIvana saMskAra ho jAyagA / ] vizeSa - mAtRkAyantra varNoM kA banA huA eka yantra ( Figure ) hai, jisameM akSaroM kA nyAsa yA sthApana hotA hai / mantra kI prApti ke lie pratyeka tAntrika ko yaha tantra banAnA par3atA hai / yaha caturbhuja hotA hai / zaktimantra ke uddhAra ke lie kumakuma se, viSNumantroddhAra meM candana se tathA zivamantra ke uddhAra meM bhasma se svarNa Adi ke pAtra meM banAte haiM / ka se lekara ma taka ke pA~ca vargoM ko kramazaH pUrva, Agneya, dakSiNa, naiRtya, pazcima meM tathA antaHstha varNoM ko vAyavya meM, USma varNoM ko uttara meM aura la, kSa ko IzAna koNa meM likheM | isI yatra se mantra ke akSaroM kI bhAvanA kareM / 20. mantravarNAnsamAlikhya tADayeccandanAmbhasA / pratyekaM vAyubIjena tADanaM tadudAhRtam // 21. vilikhya mantravarNAstu prasUnaiH karavIrajaiH / mantrAkSareNa saMkhyAtairhanyAttadbodhanaM smRtam // 22. svatantroktavidhAnena mantrI mantrArNasaMkhyayA / azvatthapallavairmantramabhiSiJcedvizuddhaye 23. saMcintya manasA mantraM jyotirmantreNa nirdahet / mantre malatrayaM mantrI vimalIkaraNaM hi tat // 'mantra ke varNoM ko likhakara candana - jala se use mAranA cAhie aura hara eka bAra vAyubIja ( i ) kA uccAraNa karate raheM- ise hI tADana saMskAra ( Smiting ) kahate haiM // 20 // mantra ke varNoM ko likhakara karavIra ( kanera ) ke phUloM se mantra ke akSaroM kI jitanI saMkhyA ho utane bAra mAranA cAhie - ise bodhana ( Awakening ) mAnate haiM // 21 // apane tantra meM kahe gaye vidhAna ke anusAra mantra-sAdhaka ko mantra ke varNoM kI saMkhyA ke jitane bAra pIpala ke pattoM se mantra kA abhiSeka ( Sprinkling ) zuddhi ke lie karanA cAhie || 22 / / mana meM mantra kA cintana karate hue mantra -sAdhaka ko, jyoti - mantra ke dvArA, mantra meM vidyamAna tInoM maloM ko jalA denA cAhie - yahI vimalIkaraNa ( Purification ) hai // 23 // [ ye tIna mala haiM - mAyika, kArmaNa aura Anavya ( anavInatA, vRddhatA ) / ye mala mantroM ke liMga ke anusAra rahate haiM / strIliMga mantroM meM mAyika, pulliMga meM kArmaNa aura napuMsaka meM Anavya / ] 24. tAravyomAgnimanuyugjyotirmatra udAhRtaH / kuzodakena japtena pratyarNaM prokSaNaM manoH // 25. vAribIjena vidhivadetadApyAyanaM matam / mantreNa vAriNA mantre tarpaNaM tarpaNaM smRtam //

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606 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe manodapanamucyate / japyamAnasya mantrasya gopanaM tvaprakAzanam // 'tAra ( OM ), vyoma (ha), agni (ra), manu ( au ) | tathA anusvAra ] se yukta hone para = OM hrauM ) jyotirmantra banatA hai / vidhipUrvaka jape gaye ( japta ) vAribIja ( = vaM ) ke dvArA mantra ke ( mano: ) pratyeka varNa para kuza se jala chir3akanA ( kuzodakena prokSaNam ) ApyAyana ( Fattening ) saMskAra hai / mantrayukta jala se mantra meM tarpaNa karanA ( jala chor3anA ) tarpaNa ( Satisfying ) saMskAra hai // 24-25 // tAra ( OM ), mAyAbIja ( hrIM ) aura lakSmIbIja ( zrIM ) se mantra ( manu ) ko saMyukta dIpana ( Illuminating ) kahalAtA hai / jisa mantra kA japa karanA hai, use prakAzita nahIM karanA gopana saMskAra ( Concealing ) hai // 26 // 26. tAramAyAramAyogo 27. saMskArA dazamantrANAM sarvatantreSu gopitAH / yatkRtvA sampradAyena mantrI vAJchitamaznute // 28. ruddhakIlitavicchinna suptazaptAdayo'pi ca / mantradoSAH praNazyanti saMskArairebhiruttamaiH // iti / tadalamakANDa tANDavakalpena tantra rahasyodghoSaNena / 'mantroM ke ye dasa saMskAra sabhI tantroM meM chipAye gaye haiM / sampradAya - jJAnapUrvaka ( guruziSya-paramparA se jAnakara ) jo mantra sAdhaka inheM sampAdita karatA hai vaha apane abhISTa phala kI prApti karatA hai / / 27 / / ruddha ( Adi, madhya yA anta meM laM laM se yukta ), kIlita, vicchinna, supta zaptAdi sAre mantradoSa ina uttama saMskAroM se naSTa ho jAte haiM' // 28 // to kANDa ( asamaya meM ) tANDava nRtya kI taraha yahA~ para tantrazAstra ke rahasya kA vyAkhyAna kyoM kareM ? [ apane prastuta prasaMga para caleM / ] . ( 19. IzvarapraNidhAna aura kriyAyoga kA upasaMhAra ) IzvarapraNidhAnaM nAmAbhihitAnAmanabhihitAnAM ca sarvAsAM kriyANAM paramezvare paramagurau phalAnapekSayA samarpaNam / yatredamuktam - 1. tulanIya - AdimadhyAvasAneSu bhUbIjadvandva lAJchitaH / ruddhamantraH sa vijJeyo bhuktimuktivivarjitaH // 1 // mAyA namAmi ca padaM nAsti yasminsa kIlitaH / manoryasyAdimadhyAnteSvA nilaM bIjamucyate // 2 // saMyuktaM vA viyuktaM vA svarAkrAntaM tridhA punaH / caturdhA paJcadhA vAtha sa mantrazchinnasaMjJakaH // 3 // trivarNo haMsahIno yaH suSuptaH samudAhRtaH // bhUbIja = laM / rApta = kisI ke dvArA jisakI zakti naSTa ho gaI ho /

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pAtaJjala-darzanam 29. kAmato'kAmato vApi yatkaromi zubhAzubham / tatsarvaM tvayi vinyastaM tvatprayuktaH karomyaham // iti / vihita yA avihita ( vaidika yA laukika ) -- sabhI prakAra ke karmoM ko paramaguru paramezvara meM, phala kI AzA binA rakhe hue hI, samarpita kara denA Izvara-praNidhAna kahalAtA hai / isIlie yaha kahA gayA hai - 'kisI kAmanA se yA binA kisI kAmanA ke jo zubha yA azubha karma maiM kara rahA hU~, vaha saba tumheM ( Izvara ) ko samarpita kara de rahA hU~, kyoMki tumhAre dvArA hI prerita hokara maiM ve karma karatA hU~ / ' 607 kriyAphalasanyAso'pi bhaktivizeSAparaparyAyaM praNidhAnameva / phalAnabhisaMdhAnena karmakaraNAt / tathA ca gIyate gItAsu bhagavatA30. karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcana / mA karmaphalaheturbhUrmA te saGgo'stvakarmaNi // ( gI0 2 / 47 ) iti / phalAbhisaMdherupaghAtakatvamabhihitaM bhagavadbhinalakaNThabhAratI zrIcaraNa :31. api prayatnasampannaM kAmenopahataM tapaH / na tuSTaye mahezasya zvalIDhamiva pAyasam // iti / hI hai jise eka prakAra kI bhakti bhI kahate haiM / karma kiyA jAtA hai | bhagavAn kRSNa ne gItA meM adhikAra kevala karma karane kA hai, phala pAne kA kAmanA se tuma karma mata lAo // 30 // ' ( gI0 isake atirikta ] bhagavAna zrIcaraNa nIlakaNTha bhAratIjI ne kahA hai ki AkAMkSA rakhanA hAnikAraka bhI hai -- tapasyA yadi prayatnapUrvaka bhI kI gayI ho, kintu kisI kAmanA se upahRta (saMyukta) ho to mahezvara usase santuSTa nahIM hote, jaise kutte ke dvArA cATA gayA dUdha [ tuSTikAraka nahIM hotA ] // 31 // ' kriyAphala se saMnyAsa lenA ( phala kI AzA na rakhate hue karma karanA ) bhI praNidhAna isameM phala kI AkAMkSA nahIM rakhate hue aisA hI kahA hai - 'he arjuna, tumhArA adhikAra kabhI nahIM hai / karma-phala kI karo aura karma na karane meM bhI tuma apanI ruci mata dikh2|47 ) / ( 20. kriyA hI yoga hai - zuddhA sAropA lakSaNA ) sA ca tapaHsvAdhyAyezvarapraNidhAnAtmikA kriyA yogasAdhanatvAdyoga iti zuddhasAropalakSaNAvRttyAzrayaNena nirUpyate, yathAyurdhRtamiti / zuddhasAropalakSaNA nAma lakSaNAprabhedaH / mukhyArthabAdhatadyogAbhyAmarthAntarapratipAdanaM lakSaNA / sA dvividhA - rUDhimUlA prayojanamUlA ca / taduktaM kAvyaprakAze

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608 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe 32. mukhyArthabAdhe tadyoge rUDhito'tha prayojanAt / anyo'rtho lakSyate yatsA lakSaNAropitA kriyA / / ( kA0 pra0 219 ) iti / tapa, svAdhyAya aura Izvara - praNidhAna ke rUpa meM jo kriyA hai vaha yoga kA sAdhana hai, isalie use yoga bhI kahate haiN| aisA nirUpaNa tabhI ho sakatA hai, jaba zuddhA sAropA lakSaNAvRtti kI sahAyatA leN| jaise isa udAharaNa meM - ' AyuH ghRtam' meM Ayu zabda se 'Ayu kA sAdhana' yaha lakSita hotA hai, vaise hI - ' tapaH svAvyAyezvarapraNidhAnAni kriyAyogaH' ( yo0 sU0 211 ) meM yoga zabda se 'yoga kA sAdhana' lakSita hotA hai / ] zuddhA saropA lakSaNA lakSaNAvRtti kA eka avAntara bheda hai / [ zuddhA lakSaNA gauNI se bhinna hotI hai / jo lakSaNA sAdRzya sambandha ke AdhAra para hai, use gauNI kahate haiM, jaiseyaha rAjA siMha hai / yahA~ vIratA, krUratA Adi guNoM ke kAraNa siMha ke sadRza laganevAle rAjA meM siMha zabda kA prayoga huA hai / jisa lakSaNa kA AdhAra sAdRzya ke atirikta koI dUsarA sambandha ho use zuddhA kahate haiM / prastuta prasaMga meM yoga zabda yoga ke sAdhana ke artha meM prayukta hai | yahA~ lakSaNA kAryakAraNa bhAva rUpI sambandha para AdhArita hai / isalie zuddhA lakSaNA hai / sAropA kA bheda sAdhyavasAnA lakSaNA se hotA hai / viSaya aura viSayI meM bheda karate hue donoM kA ullekha karanA Aropa hai / jahA~ aisA Aropa ho vaha sAropA lakSaNA hotI hai / jaise prastuta prasaMga meM yoga viSayI hai, kyoMki yahI Aropya hai, Aropa kA viSaya hai tapa Adi kriyAeM / kriyA aura yoga donoM kA ullekha huA hai| phira bhI bheda banA huA hai / 'Ayu ghI hai' meM bhI 'Ayu kA sAdhana ghI haiM'- - isa taraha bheda banA huA hai / 'rAjA siMha hai' yahA~ bhI sAropA hI hai, kyoMki donoM meM bheda banA huA hai / dUsarI ora yadi rAjA kA uccAraNa na karake 'yaha siMha' aisA kaheM to yaha sAdhyavasAnA lakSaNA huI / sAdhyavasAnA meM kevala viSayI kA hI ullekha hotA hai-viSayI kA vAcaka zabda viSayavAcaka zabda ko nigala jAtA hai / 1 lakSaNA vaha vRtti hai jisameM mukhya artha kA bAdha ( vAkya ke zeSa padoM ke sAtha anvaya na ho sakanA ) tathA usake sambandha ( yoga ) ke dvArA dUsare artha kA pratipAdana ho / isake do bheda haiM- rUr3himUlaka tathA prayojanamUlaka / ise kAvyaprakAza meM kahA hai- jahA~ mukhya artha ( Primary Meaning ) ke sAtha anvaya na ho sake, kintu usase sambaddha artha kA anvaya ho, rUr3hi yA prayojana ke kAraNa jahA~ para dUsarA artha lakSita ho vaha lakSaNA arthAt zabda kI Aropita kriyA hai / ' ( kAvyaprakAza, 219 ) 1 vizeSa - 'gaGgAyAM ghoSa:' eka vAkya hai jisameM 'gaMgA' zabda kA mukhya artha hai--' eka nadI kA jala' / kintu bAdhita ho jAtA hai -- jala meM ghoSa ( gvAloM kI vastI ) nahIM raha sakatA / isa prakAra vAkya meM 'gaMgA' ke mukhya artha kA anvaya honA asambhava hai, ise hI

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pAtaJjala -darzanam 609 bAdha kahate haiM / aba usa mukhyArtha kA yoga ( sambandha ) taTa ke sAtha hai / ataH gaMgA kA mukhyArtha 'jala' bAdhita hokara apane se sambaddha eka-dUsare artha 'taTa' kA bodha karA detA hai-yahI bodha lakSaNA hai / yadyapi lakSaNA mukhya vRtti nahIM hai tathApi kisI prayojana se isakI sahAyatA lete haiM / 'gaGgAyAM ghoSa:' meM hI yadi lakSaNA ko chor3akara mukhyArthaM taTa zabda kA hI prayoga kara deM - 'gaGgAtaTe ghoSa:' kareM to isa vAkya se gaMgA ke taura para sthita ghoSa meM zItalatA aura pavitratA kI pratIti sAmAnya rUpa se ho to jAyagI, parantu ina guNoM ke atizaya ( Excellence ) kA bodha nahIM hogA / jaba 'gaGgA meM ghoSa hai' kahate haiM tathA tIra kA bodha gaGgA se hI kara lete haiM, to zItalatA aura pavitratA ke atizaya kA bhI bodha hotA hai / jo cIja gaGgA meM hI rahegI, vaha kitanI zItala aura pavitra hogI / isI guNAtizaya ke bodha ke lie ( prayojana se ) 'gaGgAyAM ghoSa:' kahA gayA hai / ise prayojanamUlaka lakSaNA kahate haiM / kabhI-kabhI lakSaNA binA kisI prayojana ke hI laukika prasiddhi ( rUr3hi ) ke AdhAra para hI de dete haiM / ise rUr3himUlaka lakSaNA kahate haiM, jaise - 'karmaNi kuzala: ' / lekina isa mukhyArtha kA anvaya uka kalpanA hogii| loka meM 'kuzala' artha leMge / karmaNi I pratIti nahIM pratIti hotI pahale vAkya kuzala zabda kA mukhya artha hai - kuza lAnevAlA / vAkya meM nahIM ho sakatA / ataH usase saMyukta artha kI zabda nipuNa ke artha meM rUr3ha ho gayA hai / lakSaNA se usakA yahI kuzalaH = karmaNi nipuNaH / donoM kA artha eka hI hai, kucha adhika artha kI hotI / isalie rUr3himUlaka hai / prayojana-mUlaka lakSaNA meM adhika artha kI hai-- gaMgA meM ghoSa aura gaMgAtaTa para ghoSa donoM eka nahIM haiM / jo vizeSatA meM hai vaha prayojana hai / rUr3himUlaka lakSaNA abhighA ke samAna hI hotI hai / lakSaNA eka vyApAra hai jo zabda kA nahIM hotA, mukhya artha kA hI hotA hai / artha ke dvArA zabda para yaha vyApAra kevala Aropita hotA hai / isIlie kahate haiM ki gaMgA-zabda lakSaNA ( yA artha ) ke dvArA tIra kA bodha karAtA hai / yacchabdena lakSyata ityAkhyAte guNIbhUtaM pratipAdanamAtraM parAmRzyate / sA lakSaNeti pratinidizyamAnApekSayA tacchabdasya strIliGgatvopapattiH / taduktaM kaiyaTa : - nirdizyamAnapratinidizyamAnayoraikyamApAdayanti sarvanAmAni paryAyeNa / tatta liGgamupAdadata iti / [ kAvyaprakAza kI uparyukta kArikA kI dUsarI paMkti meM vidyamAna ] 'yat' zabda ke dvArA 'lakSyate' ( lakSita hotA hai ) isa AkhyAta - pada ( kriyA Verb) meM gauNarUpa se rahane para bhI pratipAdana artha kA bodha hotA hai / [ naiyAyikoM kA mata hai ki jaise 'pAcaka' zabda meM pratyaya ( vul ) ke artha kI pradhAnatA hai, vaise hI 'pacati' Adi kriyApadoM meM bhI pratyava ( tip ta Adi ) ke artha kI hI pradhAnatA hotI hai / dhAtvartha pratyayArtha kA vizeSaNa hai / 'lakSyate' yaha kriyApada hai jisameM lakS dhAtu kA artha hai 'pratipAdana' / yaha dhAtvartha pratyayArtha 39 sa0 saM0

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610 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe kA vizeSaNa hone ke kAraNa gauNa ho gayA hai kintu 'yat' zabda ke dvArA isI gauNArtha 'pratipAdana ' kA bodha hotA hai, usase viziSTa pratyayArtha kA bodha nahIM karAtA / pratipAdita artha ko lakSaNA nahIM kahate haiM, pratipAdana hI lakSaNA hai / yaha dUsarA prazna hai ki vaiyAkaraNa loga kriyApada meM prakRtyartha ( dhAtvartha ) kI hI pradhAnatA mAnate haiM tathA usa mata se 'pratipAdana' artha gauNa nahIM hogA / ] [ aba yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'yattat' zabdoM meM eka hI artha batalAne kA niyama hai / yadi 'yat' ke dvArA pratipAdana kA arthabodha hotA hai to 'tat' ke dvArA bhI vahI kAma honA cAhie - phalataH 'tat lakSaNA' kahanA cAhie, 'sA lakSaNA' ( strIliGga ) nahIM / isakA uttara dete haiM- ] ' sA lakSaNA' ( vaha lakSaNA hai ) yahA~ para vidheya ( pratinirdizyamAna, Predicate ) ke anusAra tat zabda kI strIliGga ke rUpa meM siddhi hotI hai / [ 'sA' uddezya hai 'lakSaNA' vidheya / donoM eka hI liGga meM raheMge, ataH tat kA strIrUpa 'sA' rakhA gayA hai / ] ise kaiTa ne [ mahAbhASya ke prathama Ahnika ke Arambha meM zabda ke svarUpa- vicAravAle aMza kI TIkA karate hue ] kahA hai- 'uddezya aura vidheya donoM meM ekatA kA pradarzana karane - vAle sarvanAma ( yat, tat kim Adi ) paryAya arthAt vikalpa ( pArI - pArI) se kisI liMga kA grahaNa karate haiM / [ mahAbhASya meM vAkya haiM - atha gaurityatra kaH zabdaH ? kiM yattatsAsnAlAGgUlakakudakhuraviSANyartharUpaM saH zabdaH / ' dUsarI paMkti kI vyAkhyA meM hI kaiyaTa kA ukta kathana hai / jaba yat aura tat kA sambandha nitya hai taba yat ko napuMsakaliMga meM aura tat ko pulliMga meM ( sa ) likhanA kahA~ taka ThIka hai ? vidheya 'zabda' hai ataH uddezya ( tat ) pulliMga meM hI rakhA gayA hai / yadyapi 'tat' zabda uddezya ( yat ) kA parAmarza karatA hai, kintu yaha koI jarUrI nahIM ki vaha uddezya ke liGga ke anusAra cale / vidheya ( zabda ) ke liGga ke anusAra calane para bhI koI hAni nahIM / isIlie nAgeza ne bhI udAharaNa diyA hai - zaityaM hi yatsA prakRtirjalasya / anya udAharaNa - 'yo'sau putraH sa ratnam' athavA yo'sau putraH tadratnam ' | usI prakAra - 'yat lakSyate sA lakSaNA' / ] tatra 'karmaNi kuzala:' ityAdi rUDhilakSaNAyA udAharaNam / kuzAMllAtIti vyutpattyA darbhAdAnakartari yaugikaM kuzalapadaM vivecakatvasArUpyApravINe pravartamAnamanAdivRddhavyavahAraparamparAnupAtitvena abhidhAnavatprayojanamanapekSya pravartate / tadAha nirUDhA lakSaNAH kAzcitsAmarthyAdabhidhAnavat ( ta0 vA0 ) unameM 'karma meM kuzala hai' ityAdi rUr3hi lakSaNA ke udAharaNa haiM / [ da kI ] vyutpatti hotI hai - kuza + V lA ( kuza lAnevAlA ) / isase yaha yaugika 'kuzala' zabda darbha ( kuza ) lAnevAle ke artha meM ( mukhya artha meM ) rahakara bhI vivecaka ( yogya, vivekrI )

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pAtaJjala-parzanam hone ke sAdharmya ke kAraNa 'pravINa' ke artha meM pravRtta hotA hai / [ kuza lAne meM bar3e viveka kI AvazyakatA hai-use dekhanA par3atA hai kona kuza hai, kauna sAmAnya ghAsa / nipuNa vyakti bhI vivekI hotA hai| donoM meM viveka kA dharma samAna hai isalie kuzala kA artha nipuNa ho gyaa| ] isa artha kI pravRtti, binA "igai prayojana kI apekSA rakhe hI, hotI hai / anAdi kAla se vRddha-vyavahAra ko paramparA ma pa rahane ke kAraNa [ yaha artha ] abhidhAna ( vAcyArtha prakaTa karanevAlI zakti yA abhidhA ) ke samAna [ rUr3ha ho jAtA hai|] ise hI [ kumArila ne tantravArtika meM ] kahA hai-'rUr3himUlaka lakSaNAyeM prAyaH ( kAzcit ) prasiddhi ke kAraNa abhidhAna ( vAcyArtha ) ko taraha hI ho jAtI haiN|' tasmADhilakSaNAyAH prayojanApekSA naasti| yadyapi prayuktaH zabdaH prathamaM mukhyArtha pratipAdayati, tenArthenArthAntaraM lakSyata ityarthadharmo'yaM lakSagA, tathApi tatpratipAdake zabde samAropitaH saJzabdavyApAraH iti vypdishyte| etadevAbhipretyoktaM-lakSaNAropitA kriyeti / isalie rUDhilakSaNA ko prayojana kI apekSA nahIM rahatI / yadyapi yaha ThIka hai ki prayukta honevAlA zabda pahale mukhya artha kA pratipAdana karatA hai aura usI mukhyArtha se yaha dUsarA artha lakSita hotA hai isalie artha kA yaha dharma hI lakSaNA hai [ zabda kA nahIM ]; phira bhI cUMki mukhyArtha ke pratipAdaka zabda para hI isakA Aropa hotA hai ataH yaha zabda kA hI vyApAra hai-aisA [ AlaMkArika vidhi se ] kahate haiM / isI abhiprAya se kahA gayA hai'lakSaNA' zabda kA vaha vyApAra hai jo Aropita kiyA jAtA hai| [ rUDhimalaka lakSaNA ko vivecanA karane ke bAda aba prayojanamUlaka lakSaNA ke bhedoM tathA unameM pratyeka ke udAharaNa kA ullekha karate haiM / ] (20 ka. prayojanamUlaka lakSaNA ) prayojanalakSaNA tu SaDvidhA-upAdAnalakSaNA lakSaNalakSaNA gauNasAropA gauNasAdhyavasAnA zuddhasAropA zuddhasAdhyavasAnA ceti / kuntAH pravisanti, maJcAH krozanti, gaurvAhIkaH, gaurayam, Ayurghatam, Ayurevedam--iti yathAkramamudAharaNAni draSTavyAni / prayojanamUlaka lakSaNA ke chaha bheda haiM jinake udAharaNa bhI kramazaH dekha liye jAyaM (1) upAdAnalakSaNA ( Inclusive Indication )-'kuntAH pravizanti' arthAt bhAlA dhAraNa kiye hue puruSa Ate haiN| [ yahA~ para mukhya artha ko vAkya ke sAtha anvita karane ke lie hI dUsare artha kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| apane artha kA binA parityAga kiye hue hI dUsare artha kA grahaNa karanA upAdAna kahalAtA hai / kunna kA mugyArtha hai bhAlA ( Lance ), aba bhAloM meM praveza karane kI zakti nahIM hai isalie vAkya meM anvaya

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612 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe karane ke lie tatsaMyukta parArtha -- kuntadhArI puruSa -- kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / isa lakSyArtha meM kunta kA bhI grahaNa huA hai, use chor3A nahIM gayA hai / ] ( 2 ) lakSaNalakSaNA ( Indicative Indication ) -- ' maJcAH krozanti' arthAt maMca para baiThe hue puruSa cillAte haiM / [ zabdArtha apane se sambaddha artha kI siddhi arthAt vAkya meM anvaya karane ke lie apanA hI ( mukhyArtha ) kA tyAga kara detA hai / lakSaNa = svArtha ko tyAga kara parArtha ko lakSita karanA / mava ko apanA artha yahA~ chor3a denA par3atA hai / puruSa cillAte haiM, maJca nahIM / mabhva se viziSTa puruSa nahIM cillA sakate haiM / lakSaNA ke ye donoM bheda zuddhA lakSaNA haiM, gauNI nahIM / gauNI meM sAdRzya-sambandha kA AdhAra rahatA hai zuddhA meM sAdRzya se bhinna sambandhoM kA AdhAra liyA jAtA hai / ] ( 3 ) gauNasAropA ( Qualified superimponent Indication )-- 'gaurvAhIka: ' arthAt yaha paMjAbI bela hai / [ Aropa = viSaya aura viSayI donoM kA abheda rUpa meM upanyAsa | jahA~ viSaya aura viSayI donoM zabdazaH spaSTa hoM vahI sAropA hai / ukta udAharaNa meM gau zabda se, buddhi kI mandatA Adi guNoM kA sAdRzya dekhakara, jar3a-artha lakSita hotA hai / viSayI kA nirdeza 'go' zabda se huA hai, Aropa ke viSaya kA 'vAhIka' zabda ke dvArA nirdeza huA hai / ] ( 4 ) gauNasAdhyavasAnA ( Qualified Introsuspective Indication )-- 'gaurayam' arthAt yaha bela hai / [ sAdRzya sambandha ke AdhAra para hI AropyamANa viSayI ( gau ) Aropita viSaya ko nigala gayA hai / viSaya kI sattA kevala 'ayama' ( sarvanAma ) ke dvArA prakaTa hai, 'vAhika' bilkula vilIna ho gayA / ] ( 5 ) zuddhasA ropA ( Pure superimponent Indication ) -'Ayurghatam' arthAt ghI hI Ayu hai / [ sAdRzyetara sambandha ke AdhAra para ( zuddhA ) viSayI aura viSaya kA pRthak-pRthak ullekha rahatA hai / Ayu aura ghI meM sAdRzya sambandha nahIM hai, kAryakAraNa sambandha hai / ye donoM kramazaH viSayI aura viSaya haiM--donoM kA pRthak upanyAsa bhI huA hai| ghI Ayu kA sAdhana hai| prastuta yoga ke prasaMga meM yahI lakSaNA hai / ] (6) zuddha sAdhyavasAnA ( Pure Introsuspective Indication ) - ' Ayuvedam' yaha Ayu hI hai / [ sAdRzyetara sambandha ke AdhAra para ( zuddhA ) viSayI jaba viSaya ko antarbhUta kara le vahI zuddhA - sAdhyavasAnA hai / Ayu ( viSayI ) ghI (viSaya) ko nigala gayA hai aura sattA mAtra usakI bacI hai - 'idam' / isa taraha ye chaha bheda haiM / ] taduktam 33. svasiddhaye parAkSepaH parArthaM svasamarpaNam / upAdAnaM lakSaNaM cetyuktA zuddhaMva sA dvidhA //

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pAtajalaparzanam 34. sAropA'nyA tu yatrokto viSayI vissystthaa| viSayyantaHkRte'nyasminsA syAtsAdhyavasAnikA / / 35. bhedAvimau ca saadRshyaatsmbndhaantrtstthaa| gauNau zuddhau ca vijJeyo lakSaNA tena SaDvidhA / (kA0pra0 2 / 10-12) iti / tadalaM kAvyamImAMsAmarmanirmanthanena / ise kahA gayA hai-'apanI (mukhyArtha ko ) siddhi ( vAkya meM anvaya ) karane ke lie parArtha kA grahaNa karanA tathA parArtha ke lie apanA ( mukhyArtha kA ) tyAga kara denA kramazaH upAdAnalakSaNA aura lakSaNalakSaNA haiM-isa taraha zuddhA lakSaNA do prakAra kI hai // 33 // dUsarI ( goNI ) lakSaNA meM vaha sAropA hai jahA~ viSayI aura viSaya donoM abhihita ( zabda ke dvArA pratipAdita ) hoN| kintu jaba viSayI ke dvArA dUsarA ( = viSaya ) antarbhUta kara liyA jAya ( apane meM milA liyA jAya) to vaha sAdhyavasAnA hotI hai // 34 // ye donoM bheda sAdRzya sambandha ke kAraNa hote haiM yA sAdRzyetara sambandha ke kAraNa hote haiM to unheM kramazaH gauNa ( sAdRzya sambandha ) aura zuddha ( sAdRzyetara sambandha ) samajhanA cAhie-isalie lakSaNA chaha prakAra kI huI / / 35 / / ' ( kAvyaprakAza, 2010-12 ) / kAvyazAstra ke abhiprAya kI adhika chAna-bIna karane se hameM kyA lAbha hai ? (21. yoga ke ATha aMga-yama aura niyama ) sa ca yogo yamAdibhedavazAdaSTAGga iti nirdiSTaH / tatra yamA ahiMsAdayaH / tadAha pataJjali:-'ahiMsAsatyAsteyabrahmacaryAparigrahA yamAH' (pAta0 yo0 sU0 2 / 30) iti / niyamAH shaucaadyH| tadapyAha-'zaucasantoSatapaH svAdhyAyezvarapraNidhAnAni niyamAH' (pAta0 yo0 sU0 2 / 32 ) iti / yamAdi bhedoM ke kAraNa ukta yoga ATha aMgoM se yukta hai, aisA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| una yogoM meM ahiMsA Adi ko yama kahate haiM jaisA pataJjali ne kahA hai-'ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha yama haiM' ( yo0 sU0 2 / 30) / zauca Adi niyama haiM / unhe bhI kahA hai-'zIca, santoSa, tapa, svAdhyAya aura Izvara-praNidhAna-ye niyama hai' ( yo0 sU0 2 / 32 ) / ete ca yamaniyamA viSNupurANe darzitAH-- 36. brahmacaryamahiMsAM ca satyAsteyAparigrahAn / seveta yogI niSkAmo yogyatA svaM mano nayan / / 37. svAdhyAyazaucasantoSatapAMsi niyatAtmavAn / kurvIta brahmaNi tathA parasminpravaNaM manaH / /

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sarvadarzanasaMpahe 38. ete yamAH saniyamAH paJca paJca prakIrtitAH / viziSTaphaladAH kAme niSkAmANAM vimuktidAH // (vi0 pu0 67 / 36-38) iti / viSNupurANa meM ina yamoM aura niyamoM kA pradarzana kiyA gayA hai-'apane mana ko [ AtmA kA cintana karane ke ] samartha banAte hue, niSkAma bhAva se (phala kI kAmanA na karate hue), yogI brahmacarya, ahiMsA, satya, asteya aura aparigraha kA sevana ( pAlana ) kare // 36 // apane mana kA nigraha karake (niyatAtmavAn ) yogI svAdhyAya, zauca, santoSa tathA tapa kare aura usI prakAra parabrahma meM mana ko Asakta (pravaNa ) kara de ( arthAt Izvara-praNidhAna kare ) // 37 // niyamoM ke sAtha-sAtha ye yama pAMca-pAMca kI saMkhyA meM batalAye gaye haiN| sakAma bhAva se karane para ye vizeSa phala dete haiM, yadi niSkAma bhAva se kareM to vimukti dete haiM // 38 // ' (viSNupurANa, 67136-38) / ( 21 ka. Asana aura prANAyAma) sthirasukhamAsanaM (pAta0 yo0 sU0 2146 ) padmAsana-bhadrAsanavIrAsana-svastikAsana-daNDakAsana-sopAzraya-paryaGka-kauJcaniSadanoSTraniSadanasamasaMsthAnabhedAddaza vidham / 39. pAdAGguSThau nibadhnIyAddhastAbhyAM vyutkrameNa tu / Urvorupari viprendra kRtvA pAdatale ubhe // padmAsanaM bhavedetatsarveSAmabhipUjitam / ityAdinA yAjJavalkyaH padmAsanAdisvarUpaM nirUpitavAn / tatsarva tata evAvagantavyam / 'jo sthira aura sukhadAyI ho vaha Asana hai' ( yo0 sU0 2 / 46 ) / isake dasa dAma (1) padmAsana-[ dAhine paira ko bAyIM jaMghA ke Upara tathA bAyeM paira ko dAhinI jaMghA ke Upara jamAkara rakhane se padmAsana banatA hai| yadi bAyeM aura dAhine hAthoM ko pITha kI ora se le jAkara unakI uMgaliyoM se kramazaH dAyeM aura bAyeM paroM ke aMgUThoM ko bhI pakar3a leM to ise baddha padmAsana kahate haiN| kintu ise yAjJavalkya padmAsana hI mAnate haiN|] (2 ) bhadrAsana-[ sImanI rekhA (liMga se gudA kI ora jAnevAlI rekhA ) ke bagala meM aNDakoza ke nIce donoM pairoM kI er3iyAM juTA deM tathA donoM hAthoM se pairoM ko ko pakar3e raheM / yaha bhadrAsana sabhI rogoM kA nAza karatA hai|] (3) vIrAsana-[ eka paira ko mor3akara dUsare paira ko usI prakAra mor3akara eka jaMghA para dUsare ko rakha de / sAmAnya rUpa se baiThane ke lie yaha acchA sAdhana hai / ]

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pAtaJjala - darzanam 615 ( 4 ) svastikAsana - [ ghuTanA aura jaMghA ke bIca meM pairoM ke talavoM ko rakhanA hI svastikAsana hai / zarIra ko vIrAsana kI taraha sIdhA rkheN| (5) daNDakAsana - [ bhUmi meM jaMghA aura ghuTanA saTAkara pairoM ko phailA deN| donoM peroM ke aMgUThe aura ghuTTiyAM ( gulpha ) saTI hoN| yaha daNDakAsana hai / ] (6) sopAzraya - [ yogapaTTa ( yogAbhyAsa ke lie kapar3A ) ke sAtha baiThanA / ] (7) paryaGka - [ bAhoM ko ghuTane kI ora phailAkara so jAnA ] (8) kauzvaniSadana - [ baiThe hue krauMca pakSI ke samAna baiTha jAnA / ] (9) uSTraniSadana - [ baiThe hue U~Ta kI taraha baiThanA / donoM pairoM ko pIche kI ora mor3akara ghuTane ke bala khar3A ho jAya / peTa ke Upara se pIche kI ora jhukakara donoM hAthoM se bhUmi meM sthita pairoM ko pakar3a le / ] (10) samasaMsthAna - [ ghuTanoM ke Upara hAtha rakhakara siddhAsana yA pAlathI lagA leM / zarIra, sira aura gardana eka sIdha meM raheM / ] yAjJavalkya ne padmAsana Adi kA svarUpa nirUpita kiyA hai - 'donoM hAthoM ko vyutkrama karake unase, jaMghAoM ke Upara rakhe gaye pairoM ke aMgUThoM ko pakar3a leM / he brAhmaNazreSTha, yaha saboM ke dvArA pUjita padmAsana hai / ' avaziSTa Asana vahIM se jAna leM / 3 vizeSa -niSadana, saMsthAna aura Asana tInoM paryAyavAcI zabda haiM / AsanoM kA yogazAstra meM bar3A mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / hamAre sAmAnya jIvana meM bhI ye isalie upayogI haiM ki aneka rogoM kA zamana, citta kI ekAgratA, zarIra kA Arogya, dIrghAyu prApti Adi bahuta se lAbha inase hote haiM / yadi ThIka se sampradAyapUrvaka Asana kiye jAyeM to kucha hI dinoM meM inase adbhuta camatkAra dekhA jA sakatA hai / uparyukta Asana to kevala udAharaNa haiM-- sekar3oM AsanoM kA varNana zAstroM meM hai / tasminnAsanasthairye sati prANAyAmaH pratiSThito bhavati / sa ca zvAsaprazvAsayorgativicchedasvarUpaH / tatra zvAso nAma bAhyasya vAyorantarAnayanam prazvAsaH punaH koSThayasya bahiniHsAraNam tayorubhayorapi saMcaraNA bhAvaH prANAyAmaH / nanu nedaM prANAyAmasAmAnyalakSaNam / tadvizeSeSu recakapUrakakumbhakaprakAreSu tadanugaterayogAditi cet-naiSa doSaH / sarvatrApi zvAsaprazvAsagativicchedasambhavAt / isa prakAra jaba Asana kI sthiratA sampanna ( beThane kA abhyAsa ) ho jAya taba prANAyAma pratiSThita hotA hai / prANAyAma kA artha hai zvAsa aura prazvAsa kI gati ko vicchinna ( ruddha ) kara denA / unameM zvAsa bAharI vAyu ko bhItara lAne kI kriyA ko kahate haiM /

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahekoSTha ( zarIra, vizeSataH udara ) meM sthita vAyu ko bAhara nikAlanA prazvAsa kahalAtA hai| una donoM kA saMcaraNa na honA hI prANAyAma hai / ____ yahA~ para zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki yaha to prANAyAma kA sAmAnya lakSaNa nahIM huA, kyoMki yaha lakSaNa prANAyAma ke bhedoM-recaka, pUraka, kumbhaka-meM anugata ( Applicable ) nahIM ho sakatA / [ kumbhaka meM bhale hI gati kA abhAva ho, kintu recaka aura puraka meM to kramazaH vAyu ko nikAlane aura use bhItara lAne kI kriyAoM meM gati rahatI hI hai / [ isakA uttara hai ki ] yaha doSa nahIM hai| sabhI bhedoM meM zvAsa aura prazvAsa kI gati no vicchanna hotI hI hai / [ aba tInoM bhedoM ke lakSaNa tathA unameM prANAyAma ke lakSaNa kI maMgati dikhAyI jaaygii|] tathA hi-koSThayasya vAyorbahiniHsaraNaM recakaH prANAyAmo yaH prazvAsatvena prAguktaH / bAhyasya vAyorantardhAraNaM pUrako yaH shvaasruupH| antastambhavRttiH kumbhakaH / yasmiJjalamiva kumbhe nizcalatayA prANAkhyo vAyuravasthApyate / tatra sarvatra zvAsaprazvAsadvayagativicchedo'styeveti nAsti shngkaavkaashH| taduktaM-'tasminsati zvAsaprazvAsayorgativicchedaH prANAyAmaH' ( pAta0 yo0 sU0 2 / 49 ) iti / ___ise e| dekheM-koSThasthita vAyu kA bAhara nikalanA recaka prANAyAma hai jise prazvAsa ke rUpa meM pahale kahA gayA hai / bAharI vAyu kA bhItara praveza karanA pUraka hai jise zvAsa bhI kaha sakate haiM / vAyu ko bhItara hI stambhita karane kI kriyA kumbhaka hai / isa prANAyAma meM ghar3e meM rakhe hue jala kI taraha nizcala rUpa se prANavAyu avasthita kI jAtI hai / ina sabo meM zvAsa-prazvAsa donoM kI gati meM rukAvaTa to hotI hI hai, ataH zaMkA kA koI avasara hI nahIM hai| [ recaka yA pUraka meM kisI eka tarapha kI hI gati rahatI hai, ataH zvAsa-prazvAsa donoM kI gati to nahIM rhtii| isake alAve gativiccheda kA artha svAbhAvika gati kA viccheda samajhanA cAhie / recaka yA pUraka meM vAyu apanI svAbhAvika gati se nahIM calanI / deza yA kAla kI gati kI apekSA adhika gati rahatI hI hai| vAstava meM recaka vaha hai jisameM prazvAsa yA recana ke dvArA vAyu kI gati kA viccheda kreN| usI taraha zvAsa yA pUraNa ke dvArA vAyu kI gati meM vyavadhAna DAlanA pUraka prANAyAma hai / kumbhaka meM to donoM ora se gati kA abhAva rahatA hai, usameM to kucha kahanA hI nhiiN| ] yahI kahA gayA hai.-'usa ( Asana kI sthiratA ) ke sampanna ho jAne para zvAsa aura prazvAsa kI gati kA viccheda kara denA prANAyAma hai' ( yo0 sU0 2 / 49 ) / ( 22. vAyutattva kA nirUpaNa ) sa ca vAyuH sUryodayamArabhya sArdhaghaTikAdvayaM ghaTIyantrasthitaghaTabhraNama

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pAtambAmasanam nyAyena ekaikasyAM nADayAM bhavati / satyahanizaM zvAsaprazvAsayoH SaTzatAdhikakaviMzatisahasrANi jAyante / ata evoktaM mantrasamarpaNarahasyavedibhirajapAmantrasamarpaNe40. SaTzatAni gaNezAya SaTsahastraM svayaMbhuve / viSNave SaTsahastraM ca SaTsahasraM pinAkine / 41. sahasramekaM gurave sahastraM paramAtmane / sahasramAtmane caivamarpayAmi kRtaM japam // iti / jisa prakAra ghaTIyaMtra ( rahaTa ) meM ghaTa ( lohe kI bAlTiyAM ) ghUmate haiM usI taraha vaha vAyu bhI sUryodaya se Arambha karake DhAI-DhAI ghar3I ( DhAI ghar3I = 1 ghaNTA ) taka pratyeka nAr3I ( iDA, piMgalA ) meM rahatI hai / [ prANiyoM kI dAhinI nAr3I ( dAhinI nAsikA kI sAMsa ) piMgalA kahalAtI hai, bAyIM nAr3I ir3A hai| donoM ke bIca meM suSamNA bahatI hai| vAyu-saMcAra 23 ghar3I ( = 1 ghaNTe ) taka piMgalA ke dvArA hotA hai, phira 23 ghar3I ir3A ke dvArA vAyu calatI hai, phira piMgalA aura ir3A-yahI krama hai|] isa prakAra vAyu ke calane se dina-rAta meM ikkIsa hajAra chaha sau ( 21600) zvAsaprazvAsa hote haiN| [ dina-rAta meM 60 ghar3iyAM ( ghaTI yA daNDa ) hotI haiN| eka ghaTI meM 60 pala hote haiM ( = dina-rAta meM 604 60 = 3600 pala ) / eka pala meM 6 bAra zvAsa-prazvAsa lete haiM, ataH dina-rAta meM 36004 6 = 21600 bAra zvAsa-prazvAsa hotA hai|] isIlie mantra-samarpaNa kA rahasya jAnanevAle loga ajapAmantra' ke samarpaNa ke viSaya meM kahate haiM-maiM isa kiye hue japa meM se 600 mantra gaNeza ko, 6000 brahmA ko, 6000 viSNu ko,6000 ziva ko, 1000 guru ko, 1000 paramAtmA ko tathA 1000 AtmA ko arpita kara rahA hU~ // 40-41 // ' tathA nADIsaMcAraNadazAyAM vAyoH saMcaraNe pRthivyAdIni tattvAni varNavizeSavazAtpuruSArthAbhilASukaiH puruSairavagantavyAni / taduktamabhiyuktaH 42. sAdhaM ghaTIdvayaM nADyorekaikAryodayAdvahet / araghaTTaghaTIbhrAntinyAyo nADyoH punaH punH|| 1. zvAsa-prazvAsa ke rUpa meM svabhAvataH japA jAnevAlA mantra ajapAmantra hai / dUsare mantroM kI taraha ise japate nahIM isalie ise ajapA kahate haiM / zvAsa aura prazvAsa meM haMsaH kI mantra-bhAvanA kI jAtI hai| svabhAvataH ise 21600 bAra pratidina japate haiM / ise hI ulaTane para 'so'ham' kahate haiM / isa japa kA vibhAjana karake gaNezAdi devatAoM ko arpaNa karate haiN|

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618 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe43. zatAni tatra jAyante nizvAsocchavAsayornava / ___ khakhaSaTkadvikaH saMkhyAhorAtre sakale punaH / / [jisa prakAra vAyu kI svAbhAvika gati ke kAraNa pratyeka zvAsa-prazvAsa ke 'haMsaH' mantra kI bhAvanA se ajapAjapa kI siddhi hotI hai ] usI prakAra vAyu ke saMcAra se nAr3iyoM kA saMcAraNa hone ke samaya, puruSArtha kI abhilASA karanevAle puruSoM ko, [ pIta Adi ] viziSTa varNo se [yukta binduoM ke dvArA ], pRthivI Adi tatvoM kA jJAna prApta karanA caahie| [pRthivI Adi tattva puruSArtha haiN| inakA jJAna Antara dRSTi se ho sakatA hai| zarIra meM kucha bindu haiM, jinake varNoM kI kalpanA kI gayI hai unhIM se ye tattva bhalI-bhAMti jJAta hote haiN| ] ___ ise prAmANika vyaktiyoM ne kahA hai-[ ir3A aura piMgalA ] ina donoM nAr3iyoM meM pratyeka nAr3I se sUryodaya se Arambha karake DhAI-DhAI ghaTiyoM taka [prANavAyu kA ] vahana hotA hai| araghaTTa-ghaTI ( kueM ke rahaTa ) ke bhramaNa kI taraha ye donoM nAr3iyAM bAra-bAra [ bahatI haiM / ] isa kriyA se DhAI ghaTI meM 900 nizvAsa aura ucchvAsa hote haiM / pUre dina-rAta meM to 21600 ( kha = 0, kha = 0, SaT = 6, ka = 1, dvi= 2, 'aGkasya vAmA gatiH' se ulaTane para 21600 ) saMkhyA ho jAtI hai / / 42-43 // ' 44. SaTtriMzadguruvarNAnAM yA velA bhaNane bhavet / sA velA maruto nADyantare saMcarato bhavet // 45. pratyekaM paJca tattvAni nADyozca vahamAnayoH / vahantyahanizaM tAni jJAtavyAni yatAtmabhiH / 46. UdhvaM vahnirastoyaM tirazcInaH smiirnnH| bhUmirardhapuTe vyoma sarvagaM pravahetpunaH // 47. vAyorvaharapAM pRthvyA vyomnastattvaM bahetkramAt / vahantyorubhayornADyotivyo'yaM kramaH sadA // chattIsa dIrgha varNoM ( A, I, U jaise varNa ) ke uccAraNa meM jitanA samaya lagatA hai utanA hI samaya vAyu ko nAr3I meM ghUmane lagatA hai| [ ise hI prANa bhI kahate haiM / 6prANa = 1 pala / 60 pala = ghttii| eka ghaTI meM 360 zvAsocchvAsa yA prANa hote haiN| // 44 // ina bahanevAlI nAr3iyoM meM pratyeka ke pAMca tattva hote haiM, jo dina-rAta bahate rahate haiM, inheM yogI hI jAna sakate haiM // 45 // [ye nAr3iyAM apane antara meM sthita sUkSma pRthivI Adi tattvoM meM se kisI eka ke aMza se hI calatI haiM / jaba jo tattva bahatA hai, taba kahate haiM ki usa amuka tattva se nAr3I cala rahI hai / ise yoga se hI jAna sakate haiM / aba nAr3iyoM meM bahanevAle pAMcoM tattvoM kA sthAna batalAte haiM-] agni tattva Upara bahatA hai, jala-tattva nIce kI ora, vAyu-tattva tirachA bahatA hai, pRthivI-tasva ardha puTa

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pAtambara- manda (koSTha ) meM tathA AkAza-tattva cAroM tarapha bahatA hai / / 46 // [ aba inake bahane kA krama batalAte haiM-] donoM bahanevAlI nAr3iyoM kA yaha krama sadA jAnanA cAhie ki kramazaH vAyu, agni, jala, pRthivI aura AkAza ke tattva bahate haiM / / 47 // 48. pRthvyAH palAni paMcAzaccatvAriMzattayAmbhasaH / agnestrizatpunarvAyovizatirnabhaso dsh| 49. pravAhakAlasaMkhyeyaM hetustatra prdrshyte| pRthvI paJca guNA toyaM cturgunnmthaanlH|| 50. triguNo dviguNo vAyurviyavekaguNaM bhavet / guNaM prati daza palAnyuyAM pnycaashditytH|| 51. ekakahAnistoyAdestathA paJca guNAH kssiteH| gandho rasazca rUpaM ca sparzaH zabdaH kramAdamI // pRthivI-tattva pacAsa palo taka rahatA hai, jala-tattva cAlIsa paloM taka, agni-tattva tIsa paloM taka, vAyu-tattva bIsa paloM taka tathA AkAza-tattva dasa paloM taka rahatA hai / [ inake bahane kA krama pahale ke jaisA hI hai-pahale vAyu-tattva, phira agni-tattva Adi / ] // 48 // pravAha ke kAla ( samaya ) kI saMkhyA ( pariNAma ) isa taraha batalAI gayI hai / aba isakA kAraNa batalAveM-pRthvI pA~ca guNoM kI hai, jala cAra guNoM kA hai; agni ke tIna guNa, vAyu ke do guNa aura AkAza meM kevala eka guNa hI hai| [ dekhiye-isI grantha kA sAMkhyadarzana'tatra zabdasparzarUparasagandhatanmAtrebhyaH pUrvapUrvasUkSmabhUtasahitebhyaH paJca mahAbhUtAni viyadAdIni krameNekadvitricatuSpaMcaguNAni jAyante / (pR0 536 ) / ] pratyeka guNa meM dasa pala hote haiM-isalie pRthvI meM pacAsa pala mAne gaye haiN| // 50 // isake bAda jalAdi se eka-eka guNa kI kamI hotI jAtI hai / pRthvI ke pAMca guNoM meM gandha, rasa, rUpa, sparza aura zabda haiM / inameM bhI kramazaH [ eka-eka ghaTate jAte haiM-jala meM gandha nahIM ( 4 guNa ), agni meM gandha aura rasa nahIM ( 3 guNa), vAyu meM gandha, rasa aura rUpa nahIM ( 2 guNa ) tathA AkAza meM kevala zabda guNa hI hai ] // 51 // 52. tattvAbhyAM bhUjalAbhyAM syAcchAntiH kArye phalonnatiH / dIptAsthirAvyUhavRttistejovAyvambareSu ca // 53. pRthvyaptejomarudvyomatattvAnAM cihnamucyate / Adyasthairya svacittasya zetye kAmodbhavo bhavet // 54. tRtIye kopasantApo caturthe cnyclaatmtaa|. paJcame zUnyataiva syAdatha vAdharmavAsanA // 1. kula milAkara 150 pala hote haiM arthAt ye pAMcoM tattva 1-1 ghaNTe ke krama se Ate haiM ( 2 // ghdd'ii)|

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___620 sarvasanasaMbahe55. zrutyoraguSThako madhyAgulyo nAsApuTadvaye / sRvikaNyoH prAntyakopAntyAgulI zeSe dRgntyoH|| pRthvItattva tathA jalatattva se ( inake bahane para ) kramazaH zAnti aura [ Arambha kiye gaye ] kArya meM phala ko adhikatA milatI hai / agnitattva ke bahane para [ cittavRtti ] dIpta hotI hai, vAyutattva meM asthiratA aura AkAzatattva ke bahane para cittavRtti avyUha (viyoga) ke rUpa meM ho jAtI hai / / 52 // aba hama pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura AkAzatattva ke cihna kahate haiM--prathama ( pRthvI ) tattva meM citta kI sthiratA mAlUma par3atI hai / dUsare ( jala ) tattva ko zItalatA ke kAraNa icchAyeM utpanna hotI haiM / / 53 // tIsare tattva meM krodha santApa utpanna hote haiM, cauthe (vAyu) meM caMcalatA kA anubhava hotA hai| pAMcaveM ( AkAza ) tattva meM yA to zUnyatA yA adharma kI bhAvanA utpanna hotI hai // 54 // [aba eka viziSTa mudrA ke dvArA zUnya ko dekhane kI vidhi kA nirUpaNa karate haiM-] donoM kAnoM ke chedoM ko aMgUThoM se banda kara deM, madhyamA aMguliyoM ko nAsikA ke chedoM para rakha deM, donoM oSThoM para kaniSThA ( prAntyaka ) aura anAmikA ( upAntya ) aMguliyoM ko rakha deM tathA bAkI bacI huI ( tarjanI ) aMguliyoM ko AMkhoM para rakha deM / / 55 // 56. nyasyAntaHsthapRthivyAditattvajJAnaM bhavetkramAt / pItazvetAruNazyAmabindubhinirupAdhi kham / ityAdinA / yathAvadvAyutattvamavagamya tanniyamane vidhIyamAne vivekajJAnAvaraNakarmakSayo bhavati / tapo na paraM prANAyAmAditi / 57. dahyante dhmAyamAnAnAMdhAtUnAM hi yathA mlaaH| prANAyAmaistu dahyante tadvadindriyajA malAH // iti ca / [ uparyukta vidhi se aMguliyoM ko ] rakhakara antara meM sthita pRthivI Adi tattvoM kA jJAna kramazaH hotA hai / isake bAda pIta, zveta, aruNa tathA zyAma binduoM se upAdhihIna AkAza-tattva kA darzana hotA hai| [ donoM hAthoM kI aMguliyoM se bAharI dvAroM ko banda karake antadRSTi se dekhane para bindu dikhAI par3atA hai| pItavarNa kA dikhalAI par3ane para samajheM ki pRthvI tattva baha rahA hai / zveta bindu dikhalAI par3ane para jalatattva, aruNa bindu hone para agni-tattva tathA zyAma bindu hone para vAyutattva smjheN| kisI bhI varNa se rahita kevala gherA bhara dikhalAI de to AkAza tattva smjheN| isalie AkAza ko upAdhihIna arthAt varNarahita kahA gayA hai ] // 56 // ' ukta rIti se vAyutattva ko yathArtharUpa meM jAnakara, use niyantrita karane kI jo vidhiyAM batalAI gaI hai [ unake dvArA = prANAyAma se vAyu kA nirodha karane se ] vivekajJAna ko AvRta karanevAle karmoM kA nAza ho jAtA hai / [ karma = karma se utpanna puNya tathA karma ke kAraNarUpa avidyA Adi kleza / ye kleza mahAmoha se bhare hue zabdAdi viSayoM kI

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pAtabbalamasanam 621 sahAyatA se vivekajJAna svabhAvavAle buddhi-tattva ko AcchAdita kara dete haiN| isI se saMsAra meM Ane-jAne kA silasilA calatA hai / buddhi sAMsArika vyApAra meM lagI rahatI hai| prANAyAma kA abhyAsa karane se ye kleza durbala ho jAte haiM tathA apanA kArya nahIM kara sakatekSaNa-kSaNa kSINa hote jAte haiM / isalie prANAyAma ko tapa kahA gayA hai| yahI nahIM, cAndrAyaNa Adi tapoM se to pApakarma hI kSINa hotA hai| prANAyAma se unake mUla klezoM kA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai / isalie ] prANAyAma se bar3hakara koI tapa nahIM hai / ___ "jisa prakAra Aga meM jalAye jAnevAle dhAtuoM ( sonA, cA~dI Adi ) kA mala jala jAtA hai, usI prakAra prANAyAma se indriyoM se utpanna honevAle mala naSTa ho jAte haiM / / 57 // ( 23. pratyAhAra kA nirUpaNa ) tadevaM yamAdibhiH saMskRtamanaskasya yoginaH saMyamAya pratyAhAraH krtvyH| cakSurAdInAmindriyANAM pratiniyataraJjanIyakopanIyamohanIyapravaNatvaprahANena avikRtasvarUpapravaNacittAnukAraH pratyAhAraH / indriyANi viSayebhyaH pratIpamAhriyante'sminniti vyutptteH| isa prakAra yamAdi ke dvArA apane antaHkaraNa ko pavitra karake yogI ko saMyama ke lie pratyAhAra kA prayoga karanA caahie| [ yoga ke ATha aGgoM meM antima tInoM antaraGga sAdhana haiN| unheM saMyama bhI kahate haiN| saMyama kI siddhi pratyAhAra ke binA nahIM hotii| isalie pratyAhAra kI siddhi pahale kreN| ] cakSu Adi indriyoM kI apane-apane sAtha nizcita rAgotpAdaka, kopotpAdaka tathA mohotpAdaka viSayoM meM jo Asakti ( pravaNatva ) hotI hai usakA nAza karake, nirvikAra AtmA ke svarUpa meM lIna citta kA anukaraNa [ yadi indriyA~ karane lageM to vaha ] pratyAhAra kahalAtA hai| [ indriyA~ apane-apane viSayoM ke sAtha nizcita rahatI haiN| kucha viSaya kisI ke lie raMjanIya yA rAgotpAdaka hote haiM, kucha kopotpAdaka aura kucha mohaprada haiN| ina viSayoM meM indriyA~ Asakta rahatI haiN| baddha-jIvoM meM indriyA~ viSayoM ke anurodha se calatI haiM aura citta indriyoM ke anurodha se calatA hai / pratyAhAra meM indriyA~ hI citta ke anurodha se calane lagatI haiN| citta jaba nirodha kI ora lagA diyA jAtA hai, to binA kisI vizeSa prayatna ke hI indriyoM kA nirodha ho jAtA hai / yahI citta kA anukaraNa yA pratyAhAra kahalAtA hai| ] isako vyutpatti hai ki isameM indriyoM ke viruddha (pratIpa ) khIMca lI jAtI haiM (aa+h)| [ prati = pratIpa, A+Vha / ] nanu tadA cittamabhinivizate nendriyANi / teSAM bAhyaviSayatvena sAmaObhAvAt / ataH kathaM cittaanukaarH| addhA / ata eva vastutastasyAsambhavamabhisandhAya sAdRzyArthamivazabdaM cakAra sUtrakAraH-'svaviSayAsampra

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622 sarvadarzanasaMgraheyoge cittasvarUpAnukAra ivendriyANAM pratyAhAraH' ( pAta0 yo0 sU0 2154 ) iti / sAdRzyaM ca cittAnukAranimittaM viSayAsamprayogaH / ____ aba eka zaMkA hotI hai ki usa dazA meM to [ nirvikAra AtmA ke svarUpa meM ] citta hI praveza karatA hai, indriyA~ nahIM, kyoMki indriyoM kA viSaya bAhya-jagat se sambaddha hai, ataH AtmA meM unakI sAmarthya ( zakti, adhikAra ) nahIM ho sktii| phira ve citta ko prakRti meM apane ko kaise milA sakeMgI? ThIka kahate haiN| isIlie to vAstava meM usakI asambhAvanA kI sambhAvanA karake sUtrakAra ne sAdRzyArthaka 'iva' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai [ jisase yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki indriyA~ citta kI prakRti meM apane ko milA nahIM letI pratyuta citta meM milAne para jaisI dazA ho sakatI hai, vaisI bana jAtI haiM ] -'indriyoM kA apane viSayoM ke sAtha sambandha na hone para citta ke rUpa kA anukaraNa-jaisA karanA pratyAhAra hai' ( yo0 sU0 2 / 54 ) / [ jo vyakti apanI indriyoM ko nahIM jIta sakA hai, baddha hai, usakI indriyA~ bhI viSayopabhoga ke samaya citta kA anukaraNa karatI haiM-usameM ativyApti rokane ke lie 'svaviSayAsamprayoge' kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| ] [ jaba do vastuoM meM tulanA hotI hai taba kisI dharma ke AdhAra para hI / ataH yahA~ bhI kucha sAdRzya-dharma honA cAhie / apane viSayoM se sambandha na honA hI yahA~ para sAdRzya-dharma hai| usake kAraNa citta kA ( anukaraNa usakI prakRti meM apane ko milAnA ) hotA hai| yadA cittaM nirudhyate tadA cakSurAdInAM nirodhe prayatnAntaraM nApekSaNIyam / yathA madhukararAjaM madhumakSikA anuvartante tathendriyANi cittamiti / taduktaM viSNupurANe58. zabdAdiSvanuraktAni nigRhyAkSANi yogavit / kuryAccittAnukArINi prtyaahaarpraaynnH|| 59. vazyatA paramA tena jAyate ticalAtmanAm / indriyANAmavazyastairna yogI yogasAdhakaH / / (vi0 pu0 6 / 7 / 43-44 ) iti / jaba citta ( mUla ) hI niruddha ho jAtA hai taba cakSu Adi indriyoM ke nirodha ke lie alaga se prayatna karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM pdd'tii| jaise madhukara-pati ke pIche-pIche madhumakkhiyAM calatI haiM usI taraha citta ke pIche-pIche indriyAM calatI haiN| ise viSNupurANa meM kahA hai-'yogI zabdAdi viSayoM meM anurakta indriyoM ( akSa = indriya ) kA nigraha karake, pratyAhAra meM nirata hokara, unheM citta kI anukArI (citta ke svabhAva meM apane ko milA denevAlI ) banA deM // 58 / / / atyanta caMcala svarUpavAlI indriyoM kA bhI isake bAda parama vazIkaraNa ho jAtA hai / [ tulanIya-'tataH paramA vazyatendriyANAm' ( yo0 sU0 2 / 55 ) / ] yadi ye indriyAM vaza

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pAtaJjala-darzanam 623 meM nahIM ho sakIM to unase yogI yoga kA sAdhaka nahIM bana sakatA / / 59 / / ' ( viSNu purANa; 6 / 7 / 43-44 ) / ( 23 ka. dhAraNA aura dhyAna ) nAbhicakrahRdaya puNDarokanAsAgrAdAvAdhyAtmike hiraNyagarbhavAsavaprajApatiprabhRtike bAhye vA deze cittasya viSayAntaraparihAreNa sthirIkaraNaM dhAraNA / tadAha - 'dezabandhazcittasya dhAraNA' ( pA0 yo0 sU0 3 / 1 ) iti / paurANikAzca 60. prANAyAmena pavanaM pratyAhAreNa cendriyam / vazIkRtya tataH kuryAccittasthAnaM zubhAzraye // ( vi0 pu0 6 / 7 / 45 ) iti / nAbhicakra, hRdaya - kamala, nAsikA kA agrabhAga Adi zarIra ke bhItara ke ( AdhyAtmika ) sthAnoM meM athavA hiraNyagarbha ( viSNu ), indra, prajApati Adi [ kI mUrtiyoM meM arthAt ] bAhya sthAnoM meM apane citta ko, dUsare viSayoM se use bacAte hue, dRr3ha ( sthira ) kara denA dhAraNA hai| ise kahA hai- 'citta ko eka sthAna para dRr3ha karanA dhAraNA hai' ( yo0 sU0 3 / 1 ) / paurANika loga bhI kahate haiM- 'prANAyAma ke dvArA vAyu ko aura pratyAhAra ke dvArA indriyoM ko vaza meM karane ke bAda kisI acche AdhAra ( nAbhi Adi ) meM citta ko sthira karanA cAhie / ' ( viSNupurANa, 6 / 7 / 45 ) / tasmindeze dhyeyAvalambanasya pratyayasya visadRzapratyayaprahANena pravAho dhyAnam / taduktaM - 'tatra pratyayaikatAnatA dhyAnam' ( pAta0 yo0 sU0 3 / 2 ) iti anyairapyuktam 61. tadrUpapratyayaikAcA santatizcAnyaniHspRhA / taddhyAnaM prathamaMraGgaH SaDbhiniSpAdyate nRpa / ( vi0 pu0 6 / 7 / 89 ) iti / prasaGgAccaramamaGkaM prAgeva pratyapIpadAma / ukta sthAnoM meM vidyamAna dhyeya ( prasannamukha, caturbhuja, viSNu Adi) ke AkAra meM pariNata jJAna (pratyaya) kA, asadRza jJAnoM kA tyAgapUrvaka, pravAhita honA dhyAna hai / smaraNIya hai ki pratyAhAra meM citta kA sthirIkaraNa hotA hai aura dhyAna meM sthira kiye gaye citta ko usI dizA meM pravAhita hone diyA jAtA hai / ] ise kahA gayA hai - 'usameM ( dhAraNA hone para ) jJAna kA eka prakAra kA banA rahanA dhyAna hai' ( yo0 sU0 312 ) / 1. tula0 - hRtpuNDarIke nAbhyAM vA mUrdhni parvatamastake | evamAdipradezeSu dhAraNA cittabandhanam //

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624 sarvadarzanasaMgrahadUsaroM ne bhI kahA hai-'usa ( dhyeya ) ke rUpa ke jJAna meM eka hI taraha se rahanevAlA tathA dUsare viSayoM ke vyavadhAna se rahita [ jJAna kA ] pravAha dhyAna hai / he rAjan ! vaha prathama chaha aMgoM ke dvArA niSpanna hotA hai|' (vi0 pu0 6789) [ yaha vAkya khANDikya nAmaka rAjA ko kahA gayA hai|] . ____ antima anga ( samAdhi ) ko to prasaMgavaza hama logoM ne pahale hI ( 'yoganuzAsana' ke nirvacana-krama meM ) pratipAdita kara diyA hai ( dekhiye, pRSTha, 574 ) / vizeSa--yahA~ aSTAMga yoga kA vivaraNa samApta ho rahA hai| aba ina aMgoM ke prayoga se prApta honevAlI siddhiyoM kA varNana karake kaivalya ( mokSa ) rUpI parama puruSArtha kA nirUpaNa hogaa| (24. yoga se prApta honevAlI siddhiyAM ) tadanena yogAGgAnuSThAnenAdaranarantaryadIrghakAlasevitena samAdhipratipakSaklezaprakSaye'bhyAsavairAgyavazAnmadhumatyAdisiddhilAbho bhavati / ____ atha kimevamakasmAdasmAnativikaTAbhiratyantAprasiddhAbhiH karNATagoDalATabhASAbhi Sayate bhavAn ? na hi vayaM bhavantaM bhISayAmahe / ki tu madhumatyAdipadArthavyutpAdanena tossyaamH| tatazcAkutobhayena bhavatA zrUyatAmavadhAnena / ___to, yoga ke aMgoM ke isa prakAra anuSThAna se-jisakA sevana yA pAlana AdarapUrvaka ( zraddhA sahita ), vyavadhAnarahita tathA dIrghakAla taka kiyA gayA ho -samAdhi ke virodhI klezoM kA nAza ho jAne para; abhyAsa aura vairAgya ke bala se madhumatI Adi siddhiyoM kA lAbha hotA hai| [ ina madhumatI Adi naye zabdoM ko sunakara koI pUchatA hai-] hama logoM ko ina vikaTa ( bhayaprada ) aura atyanta aprasiddha karNATaka ( utkala kA dakSiNa bhAga ), gaur3a (baMgAla kA pUrvI bhAga ) tathA lATa ( gujarAta kA eka bhAga ) kI bhASA se Apa akasmAt DarAne kyoM lage ? [ hamArA uttara yaha hai-] hama Apako DarA nahIM he haiM / balki madhumatI Adi zabdoM ke artha kI savyutpatti ( vizleSaNa ) karake Apako santuSTa hI kara rahe haiM / so Apa nirbhaya hokara dhyAna se suneN| (24 ka. madhumatI-siddhi ) tatra madhumatI nAmAbhyAsavairAgyAdivazAdapAstarajastamolezasukhaprakAzamayasattvabhAvanayA anavadyavaizAradyavidyotanarUpaRtambharaprajJAkhyA smaadhisiddhiH| taduktam-'RtambharA tatra prajJA' (pAta yo0 sU0 1648) / RtaM satyaM biti kadAcidapi na viparyayeNAcchAdyate / tatra sthitau dArca sati dvitIyasya yoginaH sA prajJA bhavatItyarthaH /

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pAtaJcaru-darzanam 625 uname madhumatI vaha samAdhi-siddhi hai jisameM abhyAsa aura vairAgya Adi ke kAraNa rajas aura tamasa kA leza ( thor3A aMza ) bhI na baccA ho, tathA sukhamama aura prakAzamaya sattva ( buddhisattva ) kI bhAvanA ( jJAna ) se svaccha sthitipravAha ( anavadya vaizAradya ) prakAzita hotA hai jise dUsare zabdoM meM RtambharA prajJA bhI kahate haiN| kahA gayA hai - 'usa avasthA meM RtaMbharA ( satya kA bharaNa karanevAlI ) prajJA ( jJAna ) rahatA hai' (yo0 sU0 1148 ) / Rta arthAt satya kA jo bharaNa-poSaNa kare, kabhI bhI viparyaya ( virodhI ) jJAna se AcchAdita na ho ske| usa avasthA meM ( tatra ) = sthiratA A jAne para, dvitIya prakAra ke yogI ( madhubhUmika) logoM kI yaha prajJA hotI hai / yaha artha hai / [ RtambharA prajJA madhubhUmika yogiyoM ko prApta hotI hai / ] catvAraH khalu yoginaH prasiddhAH prAthamakalpiko madhubhUmikaH prajJAjyotiratikrAntabhAvanIyazceti / tatrAbhyAsI pravRttamAtrajyotiH prathamaH / na tvanena paracittAvigocarajJAnarUpaM jyotirvazIkRtamityuktaM bhavati / RtambharaprajJo dvitIyaH / bhUtendriyajayo tRtIyaH / paravairAgyasampannacaturthaH / yogiyoM ke cAra bheda prasiddha haiM - ( 1 ) prAthamakalpika, (2) madhubhUmika, (3) prajJAjyoti aura ( 4 ) atikrAntabhAvanIya / unameM prathama arthAt prAthamakalpika yogI vaha hai jo abhyAsa meM lagA ho tathA jisakA jJAna abhI kevala pravRtta huA hai ( paripakva nahIMjJAna vaza meM nahIM huA hai ataH vaha dUsaroM ke citta kA jJAna nahIM pA sakatA ) / kahanA yaha hai ki usa yogI ne dUsaroM se citta Adi meM saMcarita jJAnarUpI jyoti ko vaza meM nahIM kiyA hai / dvitIya arthAt madhubhUmika yogI vaha hai jisakI prajJA RtambharA hai / [ isane jIvoM tathA indriyoM para vijaya prApta nahIM kI hai parantu jItane kI icchA karatA hai - ise madhumatI nAma kI yogasiddhi kahate haiM / ] tRtIya arthAt prajJAjyoti yogI vaha hai jisane sabhI bhUtoM ( Beings ) tathA indriyoM para vijaya prApta kara lI hai / anta meM atikAntabhAvanIya yogI use kahate haiM jo parama vairAgya se yukta hai / [ yaha yogI sabhI prakAra kI bhAvanAyeM kiye hue hai- aba isake lie koI cIja bhAvanIya ( jJeya ) nahIM / yaha jIvanmukta hai / jo sabhI bhAvanIya padArthoM kI sImA pAra kara cukA hai vaha atikrAntabhAvanIya hai / ] ( 24 kha. anya siddhiyA~ - madhupratIkA, vizokA, saMskArazeSA ) manojavitvAdayo madhupratIka siddhayaH / taduktaM - ' manojavitvaM vikaraNabhAvaH pradhAnajayazca' ( pAta0 yo0 sU0 3 / 48 ) iti / manojavitvaM nAma kAyasya manovadanuttamo gatilAbhaH / vikaraNabhAvaH kAryanirapekSANAmindriyANAmabhimata dezakAlaviSayApekSavRttilAbhaH / pradhAnajayaH prakRtivikAreSu sarveSu vazitvam / 40 sa0 saM0

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626 sarvavasanasaMgraha etAzca siddhayaH karaNapaJcakarUpajayAttatIyasya yoginaH prAdurbhavanti / yathA madhunaH ekadezo'pi svadate tathA pratyekameva tAH siddhayaH svadanta iti mdhuprtiikaaH| madhupratIkA siddhi-mana ke samAna vegavAna ( manojavI ) ho jAnA Adi siddhiyAM madhupratIka ke antargata haiM / inheM kahA gayA hai-'mana ke samAna vegavAn honA, indriyoM se rahita ho jAnA tathA prakRti para vijaya pAnA' ( yo0 sU0 3 / 48) / mana ke samAna vegavAna hone kA artha hai zarIra kA mana kI taraha atyuttama (na uttamaH yasmAt ) gati kI prApti karanA / vikaraNa-bhAva kA artha hai zarIra kI apekSA rakhe hI binA indriyoM kA abhISTa deza aura kAla meM sthita viSayoM se sambandha-jJAna pA lenA / pradhAnajaya kA artha hai prakRti ke jitane vikAra saMsAra meM haiM una saboM ko vaza meM kara lenaa| ye siddhiyAM [ pAMca jJAnendriyoM ke pAMca grahaNa Adi ] rUpoM kI vijaya kara lene se tRtIya koTi ke yogI (prajJAjyoti ) meM prAdurbhUta hotI haiN| [ indriyoM ke pAMca rUpa haiMgrahaNa, svarUpa, asmitA, anvaya aura arthavattva / nizcaya, abhimAna, saMkalpa, darzana, zravaNa Adi vRttiyA~ grahaNa ke antargata haiM / gyAraha indriyA~ svarUpa haiM / buddhi aura ahaMkAra ko asmitA kahate haiM / kAraNa kA jJAna karanA anvaya hai, jaise ghaTa meM miTTI kA / indriyoM kI prakRti ke rUpa meM jo guNa haiM unameM puruSArtha siddhi kI jo zakti hai vahI arthavattva hai| indriyoM ke ina rUpoM kI vijaya prApta kara lene se hI prakRti Adi para vijaya hotI hai| kevala indriyoM kI vijaya se prakRti Adi para adhikAra nahIM ho sakatA / ] jaise madhu kA koI bhI bhAga svAda meM acchA hotA hai usI prakAra ina siddhiyoM meM pratyeka kA svAda acchA hI hotA hai - isIlie inheM madhupratIka ( Symbol of honey ) kahA gayA hai| __ sarvabhAvAdhiSThAtRtvAdirUpA vizokA siddhiH / tadAha-'satvapuruSAnyatAkhyAtimAtrasya sarvabhAvAdhiSThAtRtvaM sarvatratvaM ca' (pAta0 yo0 sU0 3 / 49 ) iti / sarveSAM vyavasAyAvyavasAyAtmakAnAM guNapariNAmarUpANAM bhAvAnAM svAmivadAkramaNaM sarvabhAvAdhiSThAtRtvam / teSAmeva zAntoditAvyapadezyamitvena sthitAnAM vivekajJAnaM sarvajJAtRtvam / taduktaM-'vizokA vA jyotiSmatI' (pAta0 yo sU0 1136 ) iti / vizokA siddhi-sabhI bhAvoM ( sat padArthoM ) kA svAmI bana jAnA Adi ke rUpa meM prApta yogasiddhi vizokA hai| ise kahA hai-'kevala citta aura puruSa kA bheda jAnane se hI sabhI bhAvoM para Adhipatya aura sarvajJatA bhI prApta hotI hai ( yo0 sU0 3 / 49) / vyavasAyAtmaka ( prakAzAtmaka bhAva arthAta indriyAM aura avyavasAyAtmaka ( jar3a padArthaindriyoM ke viSaya zabdAdi, unake Azraya pRthivI Adi ) bhAva jo tInoM guNoM ke pariNAma ( vikAra ) haiM unake Upara svAmI ke samAna adhikAra rakhanA ( AkramaNa ) 'sabhI bhAvoM

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pAtabbala-masanam 627 kA Adhipatya' kahalAtA hai| inhIM bhAvoM kA, jo zAnta ( bhUta ), udita ( vartamAna ) aura avyapadezya ( bhaviSyat ) dharmoM se yukta hokara avasthita haiM, viveka jJAna honA sarvajJatA hai / [ uparyukta bhAvoM meM zAnta Adi dharma rahate haiM, yadi una bhAvoM kA jJAna dharma se bhinna rUpa meM ho gayA to 'sarvajJatA' mila gaI / kucha dharma zAnta haiM arthAt apanA vyApAra karake atIta ke kSetra meM cale gaye haiN| kucha dharmoM kA vyApAra abhI cala rahA hai, ye udita haiM / kucha dharma aise haiM jinakA vyApAra abhI Arambha nahIM huA hai, zakti rUpa meM jo avasthita haiM, jinake viSaya meM kucha bhI kahanA-unakA nAma ( vyapadeza ) lenA bhI sambhava nahIM hai| ina tInoM dharmoM se dharmI kA bheda karake jJAna pAnA vivekajJAna hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki sabhI vastuoM aura unake dharmoM kA alaga-alaga jJAna pAnA 'sarvajJatA' hai| ] use kahA hai-'athavA zoka se rahita jyotiSmatI ( yogaja sAkSAtkAra ke rUpa meM antaHkaraNa kI vRtti ) [ mana meM sthiratA utpanna karatI hai-yo0 sU0 1136 ] 1 ( yaha siddhi atikrAntabhAvanIya nAmaka caturtha yogI ko prApta hotI hai|) sarvavRttipratyastamaye paraM vairAgyamAzritasya jAtyAdibIjAnAM klezAnAM nirodhasamartho nirbIjaH samAdhirasamprajJAtavedanIyaH sNskaarshesstaavypdeshyshcittsyaavsthaavishessH| taduktaM-'virAmapratyayAbhyAsapUrvaH saMskArazeSo'nyaH' ( pAta0 yo0 sU0 118) iti / evaM ca sarvato virajyamAnasya tasya puruSa. dhaureyasya klezabIjAni nirdagdhazAlibIjakalpAni prasavasAmarthyavidhurANi manasA sAdhaM pratyastaM gacchanti / sabhI vRttiyoM ke naSTa ho jAne para, jo yogI parama vairAgya se yukta ho gayA hai use bIja ( vastu-jJAna ) se rahita samAdhi milatI hai jo jAti [ Ayu, bhoga ke ] bIja ke rUpa meM vidyamAna klezoM ko rokane meM samartha hai / isa samAdhi ko 'asamprajJAta' zabda ke dvArA bhI jAnate haiM aura yaha 'saMskArazeSatA' ke nAma se pukArI jAnevAlI cita kI eka avasthA hai| [ asamprajJAta samAdhi kA lakSaNa karate hue ] yaha kahA gayA hai-'virAma-pratyaya kA abhyAsa karane ke bAda [ jaba aisA vRtti-nirodha ho ki kevala ] saMskAra hI zeSa raha jAya taba use asamprajJAta ( samprajJAta se bhinna, dUsarA ) samAdhi kahate haiN|' (yo0 sU0 118 ) [ tattvajJAna kI jahA~ para sImA ho, vaha virAma-pratyaya hai / jJAna meM eka alaMbuddhi utpanna hotI hai ki aba vRtti kA virAma ho jAya / isa avasthA meM vRtti kA saMskAra zeSa rahatA hai jisase vaha phira se uTha ske| vRtti svayaM nahIM rhtii| mokSa kI dazA meM to citta kA atyanta hI vilayana ho jAtA hai|] isa prakAra jo puruSa zreSTha ( yogI ) sabhI tarapha se virakta ho jAtA hai usake bIja jale hue dhAna ke bIjoM kI taraha ho jAte haiM, ve punaH utpAdana kI zakti se rahita hokara mana (citta ) ke sAtha hI sAtha samApta ho jAte haiM / [ citta kI vRttiyoM naSTa ho jAtI haiM, unake sAtha hI kleza ke bIja bhii|]

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ( 25. kaivalya kI prApti - prakRti aura puruSa ko ) , tadeteSu pralIneSu nirupaplavavivekakhyA tiparipAkavazAt kArya kAraNAtmakAnAM pradhAne layaH citizaktiH svarUpapratiSThA punarbuddhisattvAbhisambandhavidhurA vA kaivalyaM labhata iti siddham / dvayI ca muktiruktA pataJjalinA'puruSArthazUnyAnAM guNAnAM pratiprasavaH kaivalyaM svarUpapratiSThA vA citizaktiH' ( pAta0 yo0 sU0 4 / 34 ) iti / na cAsminsatyapi kasmAnna jAyate janturiti vaditavyam / kAraNAbhAvAtkAryAbhAva iti pramANasiddhArthe niyogAnuyogayorayogAt / 628 ] to, ina saboM ke ( klezabIja karmAzayoM ke ) pralIna ho jAne para ( apane-apane kAraNoM meM vilIna ho jAne para ), upadravoM se rahita [ prakRti - puruSa meM bhedajJAna ke paripAka ke kAraNa, kArya aura kAraNa ke rUpa meM vidyamAna sabhI padArthoM kA prakRti meM laya ho jAne se [ prakRti ko kevalya milatA hai / ] isake atirikta, citizakti ( AtmA ) jaba apane svarUpa meM pratiSThita ho jAtI hai tathA phira se buddhitattva ke sAtha sambandha nahIM ho pAtA to use ( puruSa ko ) bhI kevalya milatA hai, yaha siddha huA / = pataJjali ne donoM prakAra kI muktiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai - 'puruSArtha se zUnya ho gaye guNoM kA apane kAraNa meM lIna ho jAnA ( pratiprasava jahA~ se Aye vahIM calA jAnA ) athavA citazakti kA apane svarUpa meM pratiSThita ho jAnA kevalya hai / ' (yo0 sU0 4 | 34 ) / [ guNoM kI pravRtti puruSoM ke bhoga yA apavarga ke lie hotI hai jo puruSArtha haiM / inhIM puruSArthoM ke lie sattvAdi guNa vibhinna rUpoM meM pariNata hote haiM / puruSa ko parama puruSArtha mila gayA to ye guNa kRtArtha ho jAte haiM tathA apane mUla rUpa - pradhAna yA prakRtimeM vilIna ho jAte haiM / taba akelI prakRti baca jAtI hai-ise prakRti kA kaivalya ( akelA ho jAnA ) kahate haiM / dUsarI ora, buddhitattva se sambandha na rahane ke kAraNa jaba puruSa kevala cittazakti ke rUpa meM pratiSThita ho jAtA hai taba use puruSa kA kaivalya kahate hU~ / sAMkhya darzana meM svIkRta do tattvoM ko yoga bhI mAnatA hai ataH donoM kA alaga-alaga kaivalya mAnA gayA hai / kevalya koI aisI cIja to hai nahIM ki kevala cetana ko hI mile / kaivalya kA artha hai akelA ho jAnA, apanI sArI dukAna sameTa lenA / ] I aisI zaMkA nahIM karanI cAhie ki kevalya ho jAne para bhI prANI kA janma kyoM nahIM hogA ? yaha bAta to pramANoM se siddha hai ki kAraNa ( klezaboja ) ke abhAva se kArya ( janma, maraNAdi ) kA abhAva hotA hai / isa siddha bAta ke lie na to niyoga ( vidhi, apUrva vastu kA bodhaka ) sambhava hai na anuyoga ( prazna ) hI / [ jo bAta sabhI jAnate haiM usake lie vidhi nahIM dI jAtI / kaivalya pAne ke bAda janma nahIM hotA - yaha bAta vaisI hI

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pAtambala-parzanam 629 hai, kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM / prazna bhI ajJAta vastu ke lie hI kiyA jAtA hai / prastuta vastu ke jAnane ke lie prazna karanA bhI vyartha hai|] aparathA kAraNAbhAve'pi kAryasambhave maNivedhAdayo'ndhAdibhyo bhveyuH| tathA cAnupapannArthatAyAmAmANako laukika upapannArtho bhavet / tathA ca zrutiH-'andho maNimavindat / tamanagulirAvayat / agrIvaH pratyamuJcat / tamajihvA asazcata' ( te0 A0 111115) / avindadavidhyata / Avayad gRhItavAn / pratyamuJcat pinaddhavAn / asazcatAbhyapUjayat, stutavAniti yAvat / yadi aisA na ho aura kAraNa ke na rahane para bhI kArya hone lage ( klezabIja na rahane para bhI janma-maraNa hone lage ) to andhe bhI maNi meM cheda karane laga jAyaMge [ kyoMki avalokana kA kAraNa arthAt A~khoM ke na rahane para bhI usakA kArya maNivedha Adi sambhava ho skegaa| ] asambhava vastu kA udAharaNa dene ke lie diyA gayA yaha laukika dRSTAnta bhI sambhava ho jAyagA / jaisA ki zruti meM kahA hai-'kisI andhe ne maNi kA vedha ( cheda) kiyaa| kisI aMgulirahita vyakti ne use pakar3A ( use grathita kiyA ) / kisI grIvAhIna vyakti ne use pahanA aura kisI jihAhIna ne usakI prazaMsA kii| ( taittirIya AraNyaka, 111115) / avindat = vedha kiyA / Avayat = pakar3A ( guuNthaa)| pratyamuJcat = phnaa| asazcata = prazaMsA kI, stuti kI / vAstava meM koI puruSa A~khoM se maNi dekhakara; use aMguliyoM se pakar3akara, gale meM pahanakara jIbha se prazaMsA karatA hai| cidAkAra AtmA una aMgoM se rahita hokara bhI una sAre vyApAroM ko karatI hai, kyoMki isakI zakti acintya hai / yahI usa zruti kA artha hai / yahAM cidAtmA kI prazaMsA hai ki yaha asambhava kArya bhI karatI hai| yadi kAraNa na rahane para bhI kArya hotA to yahA~ prazaMsA kA avakAza nahIM thaa| yahA~ para mAdhavAcArya ise bilkula bhautikavAdI artha meM lete haiM / ] (25 ka. yogazAstra ke cAra pakSa ) evaM ca cikitsAzAstravad yogazAstraM catuham / yathA cikitsAzAstraM rogo rogaheturArogyaM bheSajamiti, tathedamapi saMsAraH saMsAraheturmokSo mokSopAya iti / tatra duHkhamayaH saMsAro heyaH / pradhAnapuruSayoH saMyogo heyabhogahetuH / tasyAtyantiko nivRttihanim / tadupAyaH samyagdarzanam / evamanyadapi zAstraM yathAsambhavaM catuvyUhamUhanIyamiti sarvamavadAtam // iti zrImatsAyaNamAdhavIye sarvadarzanasaMgrahe pAtaJjaladarzam // isa prakAra cikitsAzAstra kI taraha yogazAstra ke cAra pakSa ( Aspects ) haiM / jaise roga, roga ke kAraNa, Arogya aura auSadhi / ina cAroM pakSoM ko milAkara cikitsAzAstra

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630 . sarvadarzanasaMgrahekahalAtA hai| usI prakAra yogazAstra bhI saMsAra, saMsAra ke kAraNa, mokSa aura mokSa ke upAya ko milAne se banatA hai| unameM duHkhoM se nirmita saMsAra heya hai / prakRti (buddhi) aura puruSa kA saMyoga isa heya ( saMsAra ) ke bhoga kAraNa hai| [buddhi aura puruSa kA saMyoga hone se avidyA saMsAra kA nirmANa karatI hai| ] usase sadA ke lie baca jAnA mukti hai| usakA upAya hai samyak darzana ( arthAt prakRti aura puruSa ke bheda kA jJAna ) / isI taraha dUsare zAstroM ko bhI yathAsambhava catuvyUha siddha kara sakate haiM-saba kucha spaSTa hI to hai| vizeSa-yoga ke catuyUha kI tulanA buddha ke cAra AryasatyoM se kI jA sakatI hai| jina pratiyoM meM zAMkaradarzana nahIM milatA unameM yahA~ para yaha likhA huA milatA hai-'ita: paraM sarvadarzanaziromaNibhUtaM zAMkaradarzanamanyatra likhitamityatropekSitamiti' / vAstava meM yaha lipikAra ko karanI hai / isakA vivecana bhUmikA meM kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra sAyaNa-mAdhava ke sarvadarzana-saMgraha meM pAtaJjala-darzana samApta huaa| iti bAlakavinomAzaGkareNa racitAyAM sarvadarzanasaMgrahasya prakAzA khyAyAM vyAkhyAyAM pAtaJjaladarzanamavasitam // rooran

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brahmava sajjagadidaM tu vivartarUpaM 16 zAGkara-darzanam mAyezazaktirakhilaM jagadAtanoti / jIvospi mAti pRthagatra tayaiva caiko tAzritaM khalu namAmyatha zaGkaraM tam // - RSiH / ( 1. pariNAmavAda - khaNDana -- prakRti kI siddhi anumAna se asambhava ) so'yaM pariNAmavAdaH prAmANikagarhaNamarhati / na hyacetanaM pradhAnaM cetanAnadhiSThitaM pravartate / suvarNAdau rucakAdyupAdAne hemakArAdicetanAdhiSThAnopalambhena nityatvasAdhakakRtakatva vatsukhaduHkhamohAtmanAnvitatvAdeH sAdhanasya sAdhyaviparyayavyAptatayA viruddhatvAt / [ sAMkhya yoga darzanoM meM mAnA gayA ] yaha pariNAmavAda kA siddhAnta pramANoM kI dRSTi se nindanIya ( khaNDanIya ) hai / acetana prakRti ( pradhAna ) binA kisI cetana sattA kA Azraya liye hue pravRtta nahIM ho sakatI / svarNAdi se jo kaMgana Adi banAne ke lie upAdAna ( Material ) kAraNa haiM, [ ina AbhUSaNoM kA nirmANa karane ke samaya ] svarNakAra Adi cetana AdhAra prApta hote haiM / 'sukha, duHkha aura moha ke rUpa se yukta honA' Adi jo sAdhana ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai usakI vyApti to sAdhya ke viruddha sthAnoM meM bhI hai / [ yahAM sAMkhyoM ke anusAra sAdhya hai-cetana sattA kA binA sahArA liye hue hI prakRti kA sukha, duHkha aura mohAtmaka pAdArthoM kA kAraNa honA kA sahArA lekara sukha, duHkha aura mohAtmaka padArthoM kA / isakA ulaTA hai - cetana sattA kAraNa bananA / uparyukta sAdhana ( hetu ) arthAt 'sukha, duHkha aura moha se yukta honA' isI sAdhya viparyaya se vyApta hotA sahArA lekara sukhAdi se hai / dUsare zabdAM meM - sukhAdi se yukta vahI hogA jo cetana kA yukta padArthoM kA kAraNa bana sakatA hai / yadi sAdhana sAdhyAbhAva se vyApta ho to viruddha hetu nAma kA hetvAbhAsa hotA hai / ] ataH yahA~ para usI prakAra kA viruddha hetu hai jisa taraha kisI vastu ko nitya siddha karane ke lie hetu deM ki 'yaha utpanna hotI hai' / [ utpanna hone se to koI vastu anitya ( sAdhyAbhAva ) hI siddha ho jAyagI, nitya nahIM / usI taraha sAMkhyoM ke dvArA, yaha siddha karane ke lie ki prakRti cetana kI sahAyatA nahIM lete hue bhI sukhAdi 1. dekhie, sAMkhyadarzana - ' tatazca sukhaduHkhamohAtmakasya prapaJcasya tathAvidhakAraNamavadhAra --- NIyam / tathA ca prayogaH - vimataM bhAvajAtam...' ityAdi / ( pR0 640 ) i

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632 sarvadarzanasaMgrahese yukta padArthoM ko utpanna karatI hai, diyA gayA sAdhana Thoka ulaTI cIja ko hI siddhi kara degaa|] ___ svarUpAsiddhatvAcca / AntarAH khalvamI sukhaduHkhamohA bAhyebhyazcandanAdibhyo vibhinnapratyayavedanIyebhyo vyatiriktA adhyakSamIkSyante / yadyamI sukhAdisvabhAvA bhaveyustadA hemante'pi candanaH sukhaH syAt / na hi candanaH kdaacidcndnH| tathA nidAghevata kukumapaGkaH sukho bhavet na hyasau kadAcidakukumapaGka iti / isake atirikta ukta sAdhana svarUpAsiddha bhI hai| ye sukha-duHkha aura moha Antarika bhAva ( antarindriya mana ke dvArA jJeya ) haiM, jabaki candanAdi padArtha bAhya bhAva ( cakSuH, zrotra Adi bAharo indriyoM se grAhya ) haiM, ataH ye ( candanAdi ) dUsare pratyayoM ( sAdhanoM) ke rUpa meM jJeya hote haiM tathA sukhAdi unase alaga rahakara indriyoM ke Upara dikhalAI par3ate haiN| [svarUpAsiddha vaha hetu hai, jo pakSa meM na rahe, jaise-zabda eka guNa hai, kyoMki yaha cAkSuSa hai| yahA~ cAkSuSatva-hetu pakSa ( zabda ) meM nahIM rahatA hai| usI prakAra candanAdi padArthoM ( pakSa ) meM sukha, duHkha aura moha kA anvaya ( hetu ) rakhate haiM, jo asiddha hai / sukhAdi Antara bhAva haiM, candanAdi bAhya bhAva / donoM meM ekatA nahIM hai arthAt eka hI ( antara yA bAhya ) pratyaya se donoM kA bodha nahIM hotA / sukha aura viSaya vibhinna pratyayoM se jJeya haiM, ataH donoM kA eka hI svabhAva nahIM ho sktaa| donoM ko eka mAna lene para doSa bhI hotA hai / ] yadi candanAdi kA svabhAva hI sukhAdi hotA to hemantakAla meM bhI candana sukha hI detaa| aisA to nahIM hotA ki candana kabhI a-candana ho jAtA hai| [svabhAva kA artha nirantara sambandha honA ho hai| yadi sukha candana kA svabhAva hai to kabhI chUTanA nahIM caahie| taba kyA kAraNa hai ki zItakAla meM vaha sukhada nahIM hotA ? avazya hI candana sukha-svabhAva nahIM hai| ] usI prakAra grISmakAla meM bhI kuMkuma-lepa se sukha milatA / aisI bAta to nahIM hotI ki kabhI-bhI kuMkuma kA lepa apanA svabhAva (sukha ) chor3akara akUkuma-lepa ho jAtA hai| ___ evaM kaNTakaH kramelakasyeva manuSyAdInAmapi prANabhRtAM sukhaH syAt / na hyasau kA~zcitpratyeva kaNTaka iti / tasmAccandanakuGakumAdayo vizeSAH kAlavizeSAdyapekSayA sukhAdihe tavo na tu sukhAdisvabhAvA iti ramaNIyam / tasmAddheturasiddha iti siddham / isI prakAra kATA jese UMTa ko sukha detA hai, usI prakAra manuSyAdi prANiyoM ko bhI sukha dene lgtaa| aisI bAta nahIM hai ki kucha logoM ke lie hI vaha kAMTA ( duHkhada ) hai| isali) candana, kuMkuma Adi padArtha (vizeSa ) kisI vizeSa kAla Adi meM ( una para

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zAMkara-darzanam 633 nirbhara karake hI ) sukha, duHkha, moha utpanna karate haiM, aisI bAta nahIM ki unakA svabhAva hI sukhAdi hai - yaha jAnanA cAhie / isalie yaha siddha huA ki ukta hetu ( sukhAdi-utpAdaka honA ) asiddha hai / [ tAtparya yaha hai ki prakRti ko sukhAdi ke rUpa meM sAMkhya loga tabhI siddha karate haiM, jaba saMsAra ke padArthoM ko sukhAdi utpAdaka maaneN| lekina hama Upara siddha kara cuke haiM ki koI bhI padArtha svabhAvataH sukhAtmaka yA mohAtmaka nahIM / paristhitiyAM use vaisA banA detI haiM / ataH prakRti ko siddha karanevAle anumAna meM hetu hI asiddha ( Unproved ) hai | aba pradhAna ke lie diye gaye zrutipramANa kA bhI khaNDana karate haiM / ( 1 ka. prakRti ke lie zruti pramANa bhI nahIM hai ) nApi zrutiH pradhAnakAraNatvAdeH pramANam / yataH - 'yadagne rohita rUpaM tejasastadrUpaM yacchuklaM tadarpA yatkRSNaM tadannasya' ( chAndogya0 6 |4| 1 ) iti cchAndogyazAkhAyAM tejobannAtmikAyAH prakRte rlohitazuklakRSNa rUpANi samAmnAtAni tAnyevAtra pratyabhijJAyante / tatra zrautapratyabhijJA: prAbalyAllohitAdizabdAnAM mukhyArthasambhavAcca tejo'bannAtmikA jarAyujANDajasvedajodbhijjacatuSTayasya bhUtagrAmasya prakRtiravasIyate / pradhAna ( prakRti ) ko [ jagat kA ] kAraNa batalAnevAle siddhAnta [ kI puSTi ] ke lie zruti bhI pramANa nahIM ho sakatI / kAraNa yaha hai ki chAndogya - zAkhA meM - ' agni kA jo lAla rUpa hai, vaha teja kA rUpa hai, ujalA rUpa jala kA aura kAlA rUpa anna kA hai' ( chA0 6 / 4 / 1 ) - isa prakAra teja, jala aura annarUpI prakRti ke lAla, ujalA aura kAlA, ye tIna rUpa diye gaye haiM; ve tInoM rUpa hI yahA~ ( = 'ajAmekAm' zve0 4 / 5 meM) bhI pratyabhijJA ( Recognition ) se jAne jAte haiM (= vahI artha yahA~ bhI hai ) / yahA~ para eka to vaidika pratyabhijJA ( Upara ke anusAra ) prabala hai, dUsare lohita Adi zabdoM kA mukhyArtha grahaNa karanA sambhava bhI hai / [ sAMkhya meM lohita Adi zabdoM kA mukhyArtha na lekara lakSaNA se, raJjakatva Adi dharmoM kI samAnatA dekhakara inakA artha rajas, sattva, tamas ( tIna guNa ) ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| parantu zaMkarAcArya inakA khaNDana karake kahate haiM ki jaba mukhya artha lenA sambhava hI hai, taba lakSaNA kyoM leM ? ] isalie isa zruti ( chA0 6 / 41 ) kA artha yahI huA ki teja, jala aura annarUpI prakRti hI jarAyuja ( garbhAzaya se utpanna ), aNDaja ( pakSI, sarpa, machalI Adi ), svedaja ( pasIne yA garmI se utpannakIr3e, macchar3a, khaTamala Adi ) tathA udbhijja ( pRthvI ko phAr3akara nikalanevAle - per3apaudhe ), ina cAroM prakAra ke jIvasamUha kA kAraNa hai / yadyapi tejo'bannAnAM prakRterjAtatvena yogavRttyA na jAyata ityajatvaM na sidhyati, tathApi ruDhivasyAvagatamajAtvamuktaprakRtau sukhAvabodhAyaprakalpyate / yathA 'asAvAdityo devamadhu' ( chAndogya0 3 / 1 / 1 ) ityAdi - --

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634 sarvadarzanasaMgrahevAkyenAdityasya madhutvaM parikalpyate, tathA tejo'bannAtmikA prakRtirevAjeti / ato'jAmekAmityAdikA zrutirapi na prdhaanprtipaadikaa| __cUMki teja, jala aura anna prakRti se utpanna hue haiM, isalie yadyapi inheM 'na janma lene vAlA' kahakara yaugika saMjJA (vRtti ) ke rUpa meM 'ajA' nahIM kaha sakate, tathApi rUr3hi-saMjJA ke rUpa meM usa prakRti ko ajA ( bakarI ) isalie kahate haiM ki AsAnI se samajha meM A jaaye| [ uparyukta zruti meM 'ajA' zabda AyA hai / ajA ke do prakAra ke artha ho sakate haiN| eka to rUr3hivRtti ( Convention ) se bakarI ke artha meM, dUsarA yogarUr3hi se 'na janma lenevAlI prakRti' ke artha meM, jo puruSa ke alAve dUsarA tattva hai / ( sAMkhya meM ) / zAMkara darzana meM 'ajA' ko kevala rUr3hi-artha meM hI lete haiM, jisase 'bakarI' artha hI niSpanna hotA hai| bakarI ke artha meM ajA-zabda rUpaka ke dvArA prameya kA AsAnI se bodha karAtA hai| 'yaha brAhmaNa sUrya hai' jaise isa rUpaka-vAkya meM brAhmaNa meM vartamAna tejasvitA kA pratipAdana karanA abhISTa hai tathA sUrya ke rUpaka se prakaTa ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra ajA ( bakarI ) kA bahuta se eka taraha ke bacce utpanna karane kA rUpaka lene se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki teja, jala aura anna se banI huI bhUtaprakRti bhI bahuta se sarUpa vikAroMko utpanna karatI hai / ] jaise'vaha Aditya devatAoM ke madhu hai' ( chAM0 3 / 1 / 1 ) isameM tathA anya vAkyoM meM Aditya ke madhu ( mohaka-devamohaka ) hone kI kalpanA kI gayI hai, vaise hI teja, jala aura anna se nirmita prakRti hI ajA hai| [ agni meM dI gayI Ahuti Aditya ke pAsa upasthita hotI hai| isa niyama se agni meM diye gaye soma, ghRta, dUdha Adi dravyoM ko Ahuti kiraNoM ke dvArA rasa ke rUpa meM Aditya ke pAsa pahu~catI hai / jaise madhukara phUloM se rasa lekara madhu kA saMcaya karate haiM, vaise ho mantrarUpI madhukara vedoM meM kahe gaye karmarUpI phaloM se, dravyoM se niSpanna amRta, kiraNoM ke dvArA sUryamaNDala meM le Ate haiM / isa AdityAmRta ko dekhakara devatA tRpta hote haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aditya ko madhu kahA gayA hai ] / isalie 'ajAmekAm' ( zve0 4 / 5) ityAdi zruti bhI pradhAna (prakRti ) kA pratipAdana karanevAlI nahIM hai| vizeSa-'ajA' kA artha ajanmA na lekara bakarI ( chAga ) lene se zaMkara ko maukA mila jAtA hai ki prakRti ko eka pRthak tattva svIkAra na karake dRzyamAna jagata meM vyAvahArika vastu mAna leNge| yadi prakRti ajA ( ajanmA ) hotI, to brahma kI taraha hI isakI svatantra sattA mAnanI pdd'tii| isa prakAra sAMkhya-darzana meM prakRti kI siddhi ke lie dI gaI zruti kA dUsarA artha lekara zruti-pramANa se bhI prakRti kI siddhi nahIM hone dI gii| zAMkaradarzana meM prakRti saMsAra ko kahate haiM, jo pAramArthika dRSTi se mithyA hai| (1 kha. sAMsya-varzana ke dRSTAnta kA khaNDana ) yavavAdi nidarzanaM pUrvavAvinA kSIrAdikamacetanaM cetanAnadhiSThitameva

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zAMkara-darzanam 635 vatsavivRddhayarthaM pravartata iti / naitadramaNIyam / buddhivizeSazAlinaH paramezvarasya tatrApyadhiSThAtRtvAbhyupagamAt / na ca paramezvarasya karuNayA pravRttyaGgIkAre prAguktavikalpAvasaraH / sRSTeH prAk prANinAM duHkhasambandhAsambhave'pi tannidAnAdRSTasambandhasambhavena tatprahANecchayA pravRttyupapatteH / [ ukta prakRti kI siddhi ke lie ] pUrvapakSI ( sAMkhya ) ne jo udAharaNa diyA hai ki dUdha Adi acetana hone para bhI tathA cetana kA binA sahArA liye hI bacce ke poSaNa ke lie ( mAtA ke stana meM ) utara Ate haiM, vaha udAharaNa ThIka nahIM hai / kAraNa yaha hai ki eka prakAra kI buddhi liye hue paramezvara vahAM bhI adhiSThAtA ( AdhAra ) ke rUpa meM mAnanA hI par3atA hai / yadi 'karuNA (dayA) ke kAraNa Izvara kI pravRtti hotI hai' aisA mAneM to Apake dvArA Aropita vikalpoM ko avasara nahIM milatA / [ sAMkhya darzana meM Izvara kI 'karuNayA pravRtti' kI haMsI ur3AI gaI hai / " usameM kahA gayA hai ki yadi karuNA se Izvara kI pravRtti mAnate haiM to do vikalpa haiM, unameM koI to ThIka hotA / para donoM hI parAsta ho jAte haiM / ve vikalpa haiM - ( 1 ) paramezvara sRSTi ke pUrva hI karuNA se pravRtta hotA hai, ( 2 ) paramezvara sRSTi ke bAda karuNA se pravRtta hotA hai / zaMkarAcArya isa 'karuNayA pravRtti' ko mAnate haiM / isalie kahate haiM ki Apake Aropita vikalpa nahIM laga sakeMge / ] sRSTi ke pUrva yadyapi prANiyoM kA sambandha duHkha se nahIM hai [ jinheM dUra karane ke lie Izvara meM karuNA utpanna hogI ], tathApi duHkhoM ke nidAna ( kAraNarUpa ) adRSTa ke sAtha to sambandha honA sambhava hai / basa, usI [ adRSTa ] ko naSTa karane kI icchA se [ Izvara kI ] pravRtti siddha kI jA sakatI hai / [ sAMkhya meM ukta vikalpoM meM prathama ke sAtha yaha Apatti thI ki sRSTi ke pUrva to jIvoM meM zarIra hai nahIM aura duHkha zarIra para hI nirbhara karatA hai / ataH jIvoM meM jaba duHkha hI nahIM hai to Izvara meM duHkha haraNa kI icchA ho kyoM utpanna hogI ? isI kA uttara zaMkara ne diyA hai / ] kiM ca puruSArthaprayuktA pradhAnapravRttirityuktaM tadvivektavyam / kiM pradhAnaM kevalaM bhogArthaM pravartate ki vA kevalamokSArthamAhosvidubhayArtham ? na tAvavAdyaH kalpo'vakalpate / anAdheyAtizayasya kUTasthanityasya puruSasya tAttvikamogAsambhavAt / anirmokSaprasaGgAcca / yena hi prayojanena pradhAnaM pravartitaM tavanena vidhAtavyam / bhogena caitatpravartitamiti tameva vidadhyAnna mokSamiti / 1. dekhiye - sAM0 da0 - yastu paramezvaraH karuNayA pravartakaH iti paramezvarAstitvavAdinAM : DiNDimaH sa garbhasrAveNa gataH / vikalpAnupapatteH / sa kiM sRSTeH prAkpravartate sRSTya tarakAlaM vA ? ( pR0 550 ) /

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe isake atirikta Apane ( sAMkhya- dArzanikoM ne ) jo kahA hai ki puruSa ke kAma ke lie pradhAna kI pravRtti hotI hai, usakA vizleSaNa ( spaSTIkaraNa ) kIjiye | kyA pradhAna kevala bhoga ke lie pravRtta hotA hai yA kevala mokSa ke lie yA donoM kAmoM ke lie ? pahalA vikalpa ThIka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki jo puruSa atizaya ' ( sukhaprApti, duHkhanirodha Adi ke atizaya ) se rahita hai tathA jo kUTastha ( nirvikAra) evaM nitya bhI hai usakA tAttvika bhoga ( prakRti ke dvArA pariNata tattvoM kA bhoga ) asambhava hai / dUsare, aisA hone se puruSa ko mokSa prApti kA kabhI avasara hI nahIM milegA / pradhAna jisa kAma ke lie pravRtta huA hai vahI kAma to vaha karegA na ? yadi pradhAna [ puruSa ke ] bhoga ke lie pravRtta huA hai to vahI vihita hogA, mokSa nahIM [ kyoMki puruSa ke mokSa ke lie to pradhAna pravRtta huA hI nahIM ] / nApi dvitIyaH / ciddhAtonityazuddhabuddhamuktasvabhAvatayA karmAnubhavavAsanAnAmasambhavena pradhAnapravRtteH prAgapi muktatayA tadarthaM pravRttyanupapatteH / zabdAdyupabhogArthamapravRttatvena pradhAnasya tadajanakatvaprasaGgAcca / nApi tRtIyaH / prAguktadUSaNalaGghanAlaGghitatvAt / pravRttisvabhAvAyAH prakRte raudAsonyAyogAcca / : 636 dUsarA vikalpa bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki cetana ( puruSa ) kA svabhAva hai nitya rUpa se zuddha, buddha (jAgRta) aura 'mukta' rahanA / karmoM ke anubhava ko chApa ( vAsanA ) usa para nahIM par3a sakatI / vaha pradhAna kI pravRtti ke pahale bhI mukta hI hai ataH [ puruSa ke mokSa ke lie ] pradhAna kA pravRtta honA asiddha hai / [ puruSa vizuddha hai ataH karyAnubhava ko vAsanAyeM usa para nahIM par3a sakatoM / anAdi vAsanAoM kA AdhAra prakRti hai / mukti ( svarUpa meM avasthiti ) to puruSa ko pahale se hI prApta ataH phira mukti ke lie prakRti kyoM pratyatna karegI ? isake atirikta [ jaba puruSa ke mokSa ke lie hI prakRti pravRtta hogI taba to ] zabdAdi ke upabhoga ke lie usakI pravRtti nahIM hogI ataH pradhAna ko zabdAdi kA utpAdaka bhI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / tIsarA vikalpa bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki pUrvokta doSoM kI paridhi se pAra ho hI nahIM sakate / [ yaha prakRti kI pravRtti puruSa ke bhoga aura mokSa donoM ke lie hai to bhoga aura mokSa donoM meM alaga-alaga lagAye gaye doSa isa vikalpa meM bhI laga jAyeMge / puruSa kUTastha, nitya tathA atizaya - rahita hai - vaha tattvoM kA bhoga nahIM kara sakatA / dUsare, puruSa svataH mukta hai ataH pradhAna kI pravRtti mokSa ke lie bhI nahIM ho sakatI / jaba donoM kAmoM ke lie prakRti kI pravRtti kA pRthak-pRthak khaNDana ho jAtA hai taba donoM kAmoM ke lie eka sAtha bhI prakRti kI pravRtti nahIM ho skegii| ] isake atirikta yaha bhI bAta hai ki prakRti ko 1. atizaya = Excellences, vizeSatAyeM, sadguNa /

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zAMkara-darzanam 637 udAsIna mAnA nahIM jA sakatA / vAstava meM pravRtti honA usakA svabhAva hI hai / [ pravRtti = kArya ke rUpa meM pariNAma / pariNAma caMcalatA se hI hotA hai| jaba puruSa ko mokSa prApta ho jAyagA taba prakRti ko udAsIna mAnanA par3egA; lekina prakRti kisI bhI dazA meM udAsIna nahIM ho sakatI / phalataH mokSa nAma kI koI cIja rahegI hI nhiiN|] ___ nanu sattvapuruSAnyatAkhyAtiH puruSArthaH / tasyAM jAtAyAM sA nivartate kRtakAryatvAditi cet tadasamaJjasam / acetanAyAH prakRtevicArya kaarykaaritvaayogaat| yatheyaM kRte'pi zabdAdhupalambhe tadathaM punaH pravartate evamatrApi punaH pravarteta / svabhAvasyAnapAyAt / / yahAM para sAMkhyavAle kaha sakate haiM ki sattva aura puruSa ko alaga-alaga rUpa meM samajhanA puruSArtha ( puruSa kA lakSya ) hai / jaba puruSArtha kI prApti yA sattva aura puruSa ke bIca ] bhedajJAna ho jAtA hai taba prakRti apanA kArya samApta karake nivRtta hI ho jAyagI / yaha siddhAnta bhI saMgata nahIM hai / prakRti acetana hai isalie vicAra karake vaha kAma nahIM kara sakatI [ki nivRtti ho jAya aura pravRtta ho jAya / ] jisa taraha yaha prakRti zabdAdi kI prApti kara lene para bhI zabdAdi ke lie hI punaH pravRtta hotI hai, usI taraha yahA~ bhI usakI punaH pravRtti ho sakegI / apanA svabhAva to chUTatA nhiiN| [ sattva aura puruSa kA bhedajJAna ho jAnA prakRti ke jIvana meM koI mahattvapUrNa sthAna nahIM rakhatA / usake bAda prakRti isa taraha nivRtta hogI ki punaH kArya nahIM kara sakegI, aisI koI bAta nhiiN| acetana prakRti apane kAma meM lagI hai-paristhitiyoM ke vaza meM vaha nivRtta hotI hai aura pravRtta bhI hotI hai| nivRtta hone ke bAda usako pravRtti phira ho sakatI hai| pravRtti to usakA svabhAva hai|] kiM ca sA prakRtivivekakhyAtivazAducchidyate na vA ? ucchede sarvasya samprati saMsAro'stamiyAt / anucchede na ksycinmokssH| nanu pradhAnAbhede'pi tattatpuruSavivakakhyAtilakSaNAvidyAsadasattvanibandhanau bandhamokSAvupapadyeyAtAmiti cet-hanta tarhi kRtaM prkRtyaa| avidyAsadasadbhAvAbhyAmeva tdupptteH| ___ isake atirikta bhI hamArA ( advaita vedAntiyoM kA ) eka prazna hai ki vivekajJAna hone ke bAda prakRti kA nAza hotA hai yA nahIM ? yadi nAza hotA hai to saboM kA hogA, pUrA saMsAra hI naSTa ho jAyagA / [ pratyeka jIva meM alaga-alaga prakRti nahIM hai| jIvoM ke lie eka hI pradhAna hai / yadi yaha pradhAna naSTa ho jAtA ho to vivekajJAna kA prazna hI nahIM uThegA--saba ke sAtha jIva mukta ho jaayeNge| ] yadi pradhAna kA nAza nahIM hotA hai to kisI ko mokSa mila hI nahIM skegaa| [ aba apane pratipAdya viSaya para pahu~cane kA upakrama ho rahA hai / vaha viSaya hai prakRtitattva kA khaNDana karake saMsAra kI vyAkhyA karane ke lie avidyA kA pratipAdana karanA / ye

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638 sarvadarzanasaMgrahesAMkhyavAle kaha sakate haiM ki ] yadi hama pradhAna ko [ pratyeka puruSa meM ] bhinna-bhinna na bhI mAne phira bhI pratyeka puruSa meM avivekajJAna (vivekajJAna kA abhAva ) ke rUpa meM jo avidyA hai usake hone para nirbhara karanevAle bandhana ( Bondage ) kI tathA na hone para nirbhara karanevAle mokSa ( Release ) kI siddhi to ho hI jAtI hai| he mahArAja ! taba Apa prakRti ko lekara apanA sira kyoM pITa rahe haiM, use chor3a dIjiye / [ prakRti ko binA mAne hI ] avidyA ke hone aura na hone se hI una donoM ( bandhana-mokSa ) kI siddhi ho jaaygii| [prakRti se jo kAma hotA hai use avidyA ke dvArA hI siddha karanA zaMkarAcArya kA lakSya hai| hAM, avidyA kI apekSA jahAM para prakRti meM guNoM kA Adhikya hai, una guNoM kA khaNDana kara dete haiM / jaise prakRti puruSa ke mokSa ke lie kAryarUpa meM pariNata hotI hai, avidyA nahIM / isalie prakRti ke isa kArya kA khaNDana hI kara diyA gyaa| ] vizeSa-yahA~ prakRti aura avidyA kI tulanA do vibhinna darzanoM ke dRSTikoNoM se karanI Avazyaka hai / prakRti sAMkhya-yoga meM svIkRta hai, avidyA vedAnta ( advaita ) meM / isa rUpa-rekhA se kucha spaSTIkaraNa sambhava haiprakRti avidyA (1) prakRti eka svatantra tattva hai| (1) avidyA eka svatantra tattva nahIM, brahma kI zakti hai| (2) prakRti triguNAtmaka hai / (2) avidyA bhI triguNAtmaka hai| (3) prakRti acetana hai| (3) avidyA bhI acetana hai| ( 4 ) prakRti bhAvAtmaka ( Positive ) hai| ( 4 ) avidyA yA AvaraNa aura vikSepa zaktiyoMvAlI mAyA bhAvAtmaka hI hai| (5 ) prakRti saMsAra ke prapaMcoM ko utpanna | (5) avidyA bhI saMsAra ke prapaMcoM ko karatI hai| utpanna karatI hai| ( 6 ) prakRti ke kArya sat ( Real ) haiN| | ( 6 ) avidyA ke kArya vyAvahArika dRSTi | se sat bhale hI hoM, pAramArthika dRSTi se mithyA haiN| (7) puruSa ko mokSa dilAne ke lie | (7) avidyA bandhana meM DAlanevAle kAryoM prakRti itane kArya utpanna karatI hai| ko utpanna karatI hai| (pariNata hotI hai ) / (8) prakRti kArya pUrA karake svayaM nivRtta / (8) jIva ko avidyA ke nAza ke lie ho jAtI hai| prayatna karanA par3atA hai| (9) prakRti ke kAryoM kA puruSa sAkSI hai| ( 9 ) avidyA ke kAryoM kA brahma yA jIva sAkSI nahIM hotaa|

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avidyA zAMkara-parzanam prakRti (10) prakRti meM koI zakti vastu ko (10) avidyA meM AvaraNa aura vikSepa chipAne ke lie nahIM hai| ___ nAma kI do zaktiyA~ haiN| (11) prakRti svatantra tattva hone ke kAraNa | ( 11 ) avidyA svatantra tattva na hone para anAdi hai| bhI anAdi hai| (12) prakRti ke kArya pariNAmavAda para (12 ) avidyA ke kArya vivartavAda para AdhArita haiN| AdhArita haiN| (13) puruSa ko mukti prakRti-puruSa meM bheda | ( 13 ) jIva kI mukti avidyA ke nAza ke jJAna se hotI hai| __ se brahma kA zuddha rUpa meM jJAna se hotI hai| (14) prakRti sabhI jIvoM ke lie eka ( 14 ) avidyA sabhI jIvoM meM alagahI hai| - alaga hai| yahA~ kevala kucha bhedoM ko hI sthApita karane kI ceSTA kI gaI hai| vidvAnoM ko una darzanoM meM diye gaye vicAroM se adhika tathya bhI mila skeNge| nanvavidyApakSe'pyeSa doSaH prAduHSyAditi cet-tadetatpratyavasthAnamasthAne / na hi vayaM pradhAnavadavidyAM sarveSu jIveSvekAmAcakSmahe yenaivamupAlabhyemahi / api tviyaM pratijIvaM bhidyate / tena yasyava jIvasya vidyotpadyate tasyavAvidyA samucchidyate / nAnyasya / bhinnAyatanayovirodhAbhAvAt / ato na smstsNsaarocchedprsnggdossH| tasmAtpariNAmaH parityaktavyaH / svIkartavyazca vivrtvaavH| aba yadi koI pUrvapakSI kahe ki avidyA ko svIkAra karane meM bhI to [ prakRti ke Upara lagAyA gayA ] ukta doSa A hI jAyagA, to hamArA uttara hai ki yahAM para usakA vicAra karanA ThIka nahIM / [ avidyA meM doSa lagAnA ThIka nhiiN| ] hama loga pradhAna kI taraha hI avidyA ko sabhI jIvoM meM eka hI nahIM mAnate, jisake kAraNa Apa loga hama para isa taraha upAlambha ( ulAhanA, doSAropaNa ) kI varSA kara rahe haiM / apitu avidyA sabhI jIvoM meM bhinna-bhinna hai / [ jisa jIva ko avidyA naSTa huI vaha apane svarUpa arthAt brahma meM lIna ho gyaa| ] isalie jisa jova kI vidyA ( jJAna ) utpanna hotI hai, usI jIva kI avidyA naSTa hotI hai, dUsare jIva ko nahIM / ina donoM ( jIvoM kI avidyAoM) kA AdhAra bhinnabhinna hai, isalie virodha ko sambhAvanA nahIM / [ eka jIva kI avidyA dUsare jIva ko avidyA se alaga hai / yadi donoM eka hI rahatI to eka kI avidyA ke naSTa hone para dUsare ko avidyA bhI naSTa ho jAtI- dUsare ko hI kyoM pUre saMsAra ke jIva ko avidyA naSTa

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640 sArvavarzanasaMgrahe hotI aura sabhI loga hI sAtha mukta ho jAte / yaha saMsAra calatA hI kese ? prakRti eka hone ke kAraNa ye doSa lagate haiM para avidyA meM aisI koI bAta nhiiN| ] ___ ataH pUre saMsAra ke uccheda ( samAti ) kA prasaMga AyagA hI nahIM, yaha doSa [ avidyA mAnane para ] nahIM ho skegaa| phalataH pariNAmavAda tyAjya hai| hamArA vivartavAda hI mAnanA cAhie / [ vastu jisa samaya apanI avasthA chor3akara dUsarI avasthA meM yA jAtI hai taba pariNAma use kahate haiM, jaise-dUdha kA dahI meM pariNAma / sabhI logoM ke lie pariNAma eka hI rahatA hai / sabhI loga dUdha kA pariNAma dahI meM dekheNge| prakRti kA pariNAma kAryoM ke rUpa meM hotA hai jise sabhI jIva eka hI taraha se samajhate haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki eka jIva ke mukta hone para sabhI jIvoM ke mukta hone kA prasaMga A jAtA hai| vivarta meM aisI bAta nahI ho sakatI / vastu jaba apanI pahalI avasthA kA tyAga kiye hI binA dUsarI avasthA ke rUpa meM kevala pratIta hotI hai taba use vivarta kahate haiM, jaise sIpI meM rajata kI pratIti (bhAna, apprehension ) / sAdhana ke bheda se pratyeka jIva kI pratIti alaga-alaga hotI hai / ataH eka kI pratIti ke nivAraNa se saboM kI pratIti dUra ho jAyagI-aisI bAta nhiiN|] nanu jIvajaDayoH sArUpyAbhAvena cidvivartatvaM prapaJcasya na samparipadyata iti prAgavAdiSmeti cet-naitatsAdhu na hi sArUpyanibandhanAH sarve vibhramA iti vyAptirasti / asarUpAdapi kAmAdeH kAntAliGganAdiSviva svapnavibhramasyopalambhAt / kiM ca kAdAcitke vibhrame sArUpyApekSA nAnAdya vidyAnibandhane prpnyce| [ pUrvapakSI phira zaMkA kara sakate haiM ki ] jaisA ki hama pahale hI kaha cuke haiM-jIva aura jar3a ( saMsAra ) meM samarUpatA na hone ke kAraNa vaha prapaJca cit ( jIva ) kA vivarta nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / [ sAmAnyataH yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki jaba kisI vastu ko dUsare rUpa . meM mithyApratIti hotI hai, to donoM meM samarUpatA honI cAhie / sIpI kI pratIti rajata ke rUpa meM hotI hai, kyoMki donoM ujale haiM, Thosa haiM Adi / sIpI kI pratIti lauha ke rUpa meM kyoM nahIM hotI ? yadi saMsAra ko jIva ( brahma) kA vivarta mAnate haiM, to donoM meM samarUpatA honI cAhie, parantu vaha hai kahA~ ? eka jar3a hai, dUsarA cetanA / ataH jagata ko cita kA vivarta mAnanA galata hai| isa para zaMkara ke anuyAyI kahate haiM ki ] yaha socanA ThIka nhiiN| aisI koI vyApti ( nizcita niyama, avinAbhAva sambandha ) nahIM hai ki sabhI vibhrama samarUpatA ke AdhAra para hI hote haiN| kAma Adi kI vRttiyA~ yadyapi asarUpa haiM ( rUpa se hI hIna haiM, sarUpatA-asarUpatA to bAda kI cIjeM haiM ] phira bhI svapna meM kAntA kA AliMgana karane ke jaisA bhrama ho jAtA hai / [ kAma kA artha hai tIvra abhilASA ke rUpa meM citta kA caMcala honaa| kAma kA adhika dhyAna karane se svapna meM kAntAliMgana kA bhrama hotA hai|

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641 zAMkara darzanam jAgRtAvasthA meM bhI ho sakatA hai, yadi bhAvanA bahuta prabala ho jAya / spaSTa hai ki kAma kA hI vivarta kAntAliMgana hai / kintu kAma-vRtti svayaM to nIrUpa hai--ataH rUparahita kA bhI vivarta hotA hai / AkAza rUparahita hai para nIlApana Adi kA bhrama hotA hai / usI taraha jIva aura saMsAra kI bAta hai / kisI taraha kA sAmya dikhAkara to samarUpatA dikhAI jA sakatI hai / vAstava meM yaha prazna manovijJAna kA hai| do prakAra kI mithyA pratIti hotI hai - sAdhAra aura nirAdhAra / sAdhAra mithyA pratIti-bhrama ( Illusion ) hai jisameM kisI vastu kI eka avasthA dUsarI avasthA ke rUpa meM yA sIpI cAMdI ke rUpa meM jo dikhAI par3atI hai vaha bhrama hai| yahAM rassI yA sIpI kA sattA hai jo sArUpya tathA mAnasika kriyAoM ke kAraNa badalI dikhAI par3atI hai / nirAdhAra mithyA pratIti vibhrama ( Hallucination ) hai jisameM kisI bhI bAharI vastu kI sattA na hone para bhI kevala mAnasika kriyAoM ( bhAvanA ) ke kAraNa kisI vastu kI pratIti ho jAtI hai / kabhI-kabhI apane kamare meM jagI avasthA meM bhI hameM kisI vyakti ko upasthiti kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| svapna dekhanA, bhUta-preta dekhanA Adi aisI ho kriyAyeM haiM / jahA~ taka bhrama kA sambandha hai samarUpatA hotI hai, kintu vibhrama ke lie samarUpatA nahIM, bhAvanA cAhie / ] 1 dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki kabhI-kabhI honevAle vibhrama meM samarUpatA kI AvazyakatA bhale hI par3e, anAdi kAla se calI AnevAlI avidyA para nirbhara karanevAle prapaJca ( saMsAra ) ke viSaya meM hameM aise ( sArUpya ) kI koI AvazyakatA hI nahIM / tadavocadAcAryavAcaspatiH - 1. vivartastu prapatro'yaM brahmaNo'pariNAminaH / anAdivAsanobhUto na sArUpyamapekSate / / iti / tadetatsarva vedAntazAstraparizramazAlinAM sugamaM sughaTaM ca / ise AcArya vAcaspati mizra ne kahA hai- 'yaha prapaMca ( saMsAra ) to apariNAmI brahma kA vivarta hai tathA anAdi vAsanA ( chApa, avidyA ) se utpanna hone ke kAraNa samarUpatA kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai / ' yaha saba kucha vedAnta - zAstra meM parizrama karanevAle logoM ke lie sugama tathA mAnya hai / ( 2. vedAnta sUtra kI viSaya-vastu ) tacca vedAntazAstraM caturlakSaNam / bhagavatA bAdarAyaNena praNItasya vedAntazAstrasya pratyagbrahmaikyaM viSaya iti zaMkarAcAryAH pratyapIpadan / tatra prathame samanvayAdhyAye sarveSAM vedAntAnAM brahmaNi tAtparyeNa paryavasAnam / dvitIye'virodhAdhyAye sAMkhyAditarkavirodhanirAkaraNam / tRtIye sAdhanAdhyAye brahma vidyAsAdhanam / caturthe phalAdhyAye vidyAphalam ! 41 sa0 saM0

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642 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe-. vaha vedAnazAstra cAra adhyAyoM meM hai / [ pratyeka adhyAya kA eka-eka pratipAdya viSaya yA lakSaNa hone ke kAraNa ise caturlakSaNI kahate haiM / ] zaMkarAcArya ne pratipAdita kiyA hai ki bhagavAn bAdarAyaNa ke dvArA racita isa vedAnta-zAstra kA viSaya pratyak ( jIvAtmA ) aura brahma kI ekatA kA pradarzana karanA hai / prathama adhyAya ko samanvayAdhyAya kahate haiM jisameM siddha kiyA gayA hai ki sAre vedAnta ( upaniSad ) vAkyoM kA tAtparya brahma meM hI samIhita hai| dvitIya adhyAya avirodhAdhyAya kahalAtA hai jisameM sAMkhya Adi darzanoM ke tarko se utpanna virodha kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya adhyAya sAdhanAdhyAya hai jisameM brahmavidyA kI siddhi kI gaI hai / caturtha adhyAya ko phalAdhyAya kahate haiM jisameM brahmavidyA kA phala nirdiSTa hai| tatra pratyadhyAyaM pAdacatuSTayam / tatra prathamasyAdhyAyasya prathame pAde spaSTabrahmaliGgaM vAkyajAtaM mImAMsyate / dvitIye'spaSTabrahmaliGgamupAsyaviSayam / tRtIye tAdRzaM jJeyaviSayam / caturthe'vyaktAjApadAdi sandigdhaM padajAtamiti / ___ avirodhasya dvitIyasya prathame saaNkhyyogknnaadaadismRtivirodhprihaarH| dvitIye sAMkhyAdimatAnAM duSTatvam / tRtIye paJcamahAbhUtazrutInAM jIvazrutInAM ca parasparavirodhaparihAraH / caturthe liGgazarIrazrutInAM virodhprihaarH| unameM pratyeka adhyAya meM cAra-cAra pAda haiN| prathama adhyAya ke prathama pAda meM spaSTa rUpa se ( pratyakSataH ) brahma ko batalAnevAle vAkyoM kI mImAMsA huI hai / dvitIya pAda se brahma kA spaSTa nirdeza na karanevAle upAsanA-viSayaka vAkyoM kI mImAMsA hai / tRtIya pAda meM usI taraha ke ( brahma kA spaSTa nirdeza na karanevAle jJeya-viSayaka vAkyoM kI [ samIkSA hai ] aura caturtha pAda meM 'avyakta' 'ajA' Adi sandigdha zabdoM kI samIkSA huI hai| [ eka zruti hai'mahata: paramavyaktam' ( kA0 1 / 3 / 11) / dUsarI hai-'ajAmekAm' (shve4.5)| inameM avyakta, ajA Adi zabda sandigdha haiM ki sAMkhya-darzana kI prakRti kA pratipAdana to ye zabda nahIM karate haiM ? ] - avirodha kA nirdeza karanevAle dvitIya adhyAya ke prathama pAda meM sAMkhya, yoga aura vaizeSika Adi smRtiyoM ( darzanoM ) ke dvArA kiye jAnevAle virodha kA parihAra kiyA gayA hai / dvitIya pAda meM sAMkhyAdi darzanoM ke matoM kI doSAtmakatA dikhalAI gaI hai / tRtIya pAda meM pAMca mahAbhUtoM kA varNana karanevAlI zrutiyoM aura jIva-viSayaka zrutivAkyoM ke paraspara virodha kA nivAraNa kiyA gayA hai / caturtha pAda meM liGgazarIra kA varNana karanevAlI zrutiyoM ke virodha kA parihAra kiyA gayA hai| [liGgazarIra = pAMca jJAnendriyAM, pAMca karmendriyA~, 'pA~ca prANa ( vAyu ), mana tathA buddhi-ina satraha padArthoM kA saMghAta liGgazarIra kahanAtA hai|

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zAMkara-darzanam 643 tRtIyasya prathame jIvasya paralokagamanAgamanavicArapurassaraM vairAgyam / dvitIye tvaMpavatatpadArthaparizodhanam / tRtIye saguNavidyAsu guNopasaMhAraH / caturthe nirguNabrahmavidyAyA bahiraGgAntaraGgAzramayajJazamAdisAdhanam / __ caturthasya prathame brahmasAkSAtkAreNa jIvataH pApapuNyaklezavaidhuryalakSaNA muktiH| dvitIye mrnnotkrmnnprkaarH| tRtIye saguNabrahmopAsakasyottaramArgaH / caturthe nirguNasaguNabrahmavido videhakaivalyabrahmalokAvasthAnAni / tadityaM brhmvicaarshaastraadhyaaypaadaarthsNgrhH| tRtIya adhyAya ke prathama pAda meM jIva ke paraloka jAne yA na jAne ke prazna para vicAra karake vairAgya kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / dvitIya pAda meM [ 'tattvamasi' ( chAM0 687 ) mahAvAkya ke ] 'tvam' aura 'tat' padoM ke artha kA anuzIlana kiyA gayA hai / tRtIya pAda meM saguNa jJAna ke viSaya meM guNoM kA upasaMhAra ( arthAt anyatra pratipAdita guNoM kA saMkalana ) kiyA gayA hai / [ jo loga vyAvahArika dRSTi se saguNa kI upAsanA karate haiM / unake dRSTikoNa se upAsya ke guNoM kA yahAM para saMgraha kiyA gayA hai / ] caturtha pAda meM nirguNa brahma ko vidyA (jJAna ) prApta karane ke lie bahiraMga aura antaraMga sAdhanoM-jaise Azrama, yajJa ( bahiraMga ) tathA zama ( antaraMga ) Adi kA nirUpaNa huA hai| caturtha adhyAya ke prathama pAda meM yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki brahma kA sAkSAtkAra kara lene se jIte-jI hI vyakti ko vaha mukti ( jIvanmukti ) milatI hai jisameM pApa, puNya aura kleza kA sarvathA vinAza ho jAtA hai| dvitIya pAda meM maraNa aura Upara uThane ( svargagamana ) ke prazna para vicAra kiyA gayA hai / tRtIya pAda meM saguNa brahma kI upAsanA karanevAle puruSa ke maraNottara mArga kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / caturtha pAda meM nirguNa brahmavettA aura saguNa brahmavettA kI kramazaH videhamukti aura brahmaloka meM avasthiti kA nirUpaNa huA hai| . isa prakAra brahma vicAra-zAstra ( vedAntasUtra ) ke adhyAyoM aura pAdoM meM varNita viSayoM kA saMgraha kiyA gyaa| vizeSa-pratyeka pAda meM adhikaraNa ( Topic ) tathA pratyeka adhikaraNa meM sUtra haiM / nIce pratyeka pAda ke adhikaraNoM aura sUtroM kI saMkhyA dI jA rahI hai pAda adhikaraNa sUtra prathama adhyAya 11) 31) mh bh s 40 43 135 - h m ~- h s >> -

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644 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe adhikaraNa adhyAya tRtIya : m bh s 27) 41 // h mh lh sh 21 78 16 >> 22) 192 556 brahmasUtra (( vedAntasUtra ) para vibhinna dArzanikoM ne TIkA karake apane viziSTa mArgoM kA' pravartana kiyA hai| rAmAnuja kA viziSTAdvaita tathA pUrNaprajJa kA dvaita hama dekha hI cuke haiN| phira bhI zaMkarAcArya ke bhASya ke samakSa koI bhI samIcIna nahIM lagatA / vibhinna bhASyakAroM meM matabheda hone ke kAraNa bAdarAyaNa kA mUla abhiprAya kyA thA, yaha kahanA kaThina ho gayA hai| yahAM para viSayArambha ke pUrva zAMkara-darzana kA saMkSipta itihAsa prastuta karanA asaMgata nahIM hogaa| jaisA ki svAbhAvika hai, hama vedoM se hI bhAratIya vAGmaya kI utpatti mAnate haiN| vedAnta ke viSaya meM bhI vahI bAta hai| Rgveda ke sUktoM meM hI mAyA aura brahma ke sambandha kI sacanAeM milatI haiN| phira bhI vAstavika vedAnta veda ke antima bhAga-upaniSadoM-se zurU hotA hai, jahA~ jIva aura brahma ke viSaya meM viziSTa kalpanAeM kI gayI haiM / saMkhyA meM aneka hone para bhI zaMkarAcArya ne kevala gyAraha upaniSadoM ko mAnyatA dI hai| vedAnta se upaniSadoM kA hI bodha mukhya rUpa se hotA hai, upaniSadoM kA sArAMza bhagavadgItA meM A gayA hai| isalie use bhI vedAnta ke antargata hI rakhate haiM / upaniSada aura gItA meM bikhare hue vicAroM ko bAdarAyaNa ne apane brahmasUtra meM zRMkhalAbaddha kiyaa| isa prakAra vedAnta ke tIna prasthAna grantha kahalAte haiM-upaniSada, gItA aura brahmasUtra / zaMkarAcArya ne tInoM para vyAkhyA likhakara advaitamata kA pravartana kiyA / . __zaMkarAcArya ( 788-820 I0 ) ne brahmasUtra para zArIrakabhASya likhA, jisane advaita vedAnta kI patAkA phaharA dI / zaMkarAcArya kerala prAnta ke nambUdarI brAhmaNa the tathA gauDapAda ke ziSya zrI govindabhagavatpAda ke ziSya the| smaraNIya hai ki gauDapAda ne mANDUkyakArikA likhI tho, jo mAyAvAda kA prathama zAstra grantha hai / zaMkara ne isa para bhI TIkA likhI thI / 32 varSoM kI alpa Ayu meM bhI zaMkara kA yaza akSuNNa hai| inakA gadya apane 1. dekhiye-paM0 baladeva upAdhyAya, bhAratIya darzana, pR0 401 /

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zAMkara-parzanam 645 DhaMga kA advitIya hai| inhoMne sampUrNa bhArata kA bhramaNa karake vedAnta mata kI pratiSThA kI tathA kaI sthAnoM para maThoM kI sthApanA kI / zaMkara ke samakAlika maNDanamizra the, jinhoMne mImAMsA meM bahuta yaza prApta kiyA thA, parantu zaMkara ke hI prabhAva se ye vedAnta mata meM dIkSita ho gye| inhoMne brahmasiddhi nAmaka grantha likhA, jisa para vAcaspati mizra ne brahmatattvasamIkSA, citsukha ( 1225 I0 ) ne abhiprAyaprakAzikA aura AnandapUrNa ne bhAvazuddhi nAma se TIkAeM kI thIM / maNDana ne vedAntI hone para apanA nAma surezvarAcArya rakhA thA / zaMkara ke ziSya padmapAdAcArya the, jinhoMne zArIrakabhASya para paJcapAdikA vRtti likhI, jisameM kevala catuHsUtrI kA vivecana hai / paJcapAdikA para kaI TIkAeM likhI gayIM, jinameM prakAzAtmayati ( 1200 I0 ) kI vivaraNa TIkA prasiddha hai| isake nAma para vivaraNa-prasthAna ( Vivarana School ) hI bana gyaa| vivaraNa kI do TIkAeM haiM-akhaNDAnanda sarasvatI ( 1500 I0 ) kRta tattvadIpana tathA vidyAraNya ( 1350 I0 ) kRta vivrnnprmeysNgrh| surezvarAcArya ke ziSya sarvajJAtmamuni ( 900 I0 ) ne saMkSepazArIraka nAmaka eka padyabaddha vyAkhyA-grantha likhaa| vAcaspati mizra ( 850 I0 ) ne zArIrakabhASya para apanI suprasiddha bhAmatI nAma kI TIkA likhI, jo bhASya ke bAda advitIya grantha hai| isakI do suprasiddha TIkAeM haiM-amalAnanda (1550 I0) kI kalpataru TIkA aura appayadIkSita ( 1550 I0 ) kI parimala TIkA / mahAkavi zrIharSa ( 1150 I0 ) kA khaNDanakhaNDakhAdya vedAnta kA naiyAyika vidhi se vizleSaNa karanevAlA grantha hai / citsukhAcArya ( 1225 I0) ne surezvara kI naiSkarmyasiddhi para, brahmasiddhi para tathA zArIrakabhASya para TIkAeM likhakara eka svatantra grantha pratyaktatvadIpikA (citsukhI ) ke nAma se likhA / prastuta sarvadarzanasaMgraha ke racayitA mAdhavAcArya saMnyasta hokara vidyAraNya ke nAma se prasiddha hue aura unhoMne apanI svatantra kRti paMcadazI nAma se do / zAMkara-darzana ke anya granthoM meM Anandabodha kA nyAyamakaranda, madhusUdana sarasvatI kI advaitasiddhi tathA siddhAntabindu, appaya dIkSita kA siddhAntalezasaMgraha, dharmarAjAdhvarIndra kI vedAntaparibhASA evaM sadAnanda kA vedAntasAra prasiddha haiN| ( 3. brahma ko jijJAsA-prathama adhikaraNa ) tatra prathamamadhikaraNamathAto brahmajijJAsA (bra0 sU0 1111) iti brahmamImAMsArambhopapAdanaparam / adhikaraNaM ca paJcAvayavaM prasiddham / te ca viSayAdayaH paJcAvayavA niruupynte| 'AtmA vAre draSTavyaH' (bRha0 21415) ityetadvAkyaM viSayaH / brahmajijJAsitavyaM na veti sandehaH / jijJAsyatvavyApakayoH sandehaprayojanayoH sambhavAsambhavAbhyAm /

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646 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe____usa ( brahmasUtra ) meM pahalA adhikaraNa ( Topic ) hai--'athAto brahmajijJAsA' ( aba isalie brahma kI jijJAsA hotI hai-(bra0 sU0 111 / 1 ), jisameM brahmamImAMsA ( vedAntazAstra ) ke Arambha kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| adhikaraNa meM pAMca khaNDa hote haiM, yaha prasiddha hI hai [ = viSaya, saMzaya, pUrvapakSa, uttarapakSa tathA saMgati ( yA nirNaya ) / dekhiye-jaiminidarzana / ] aba viSaya Adi una pAMca avayavoM ( Organs ) kA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai| 'AtmA kA darzana karanA cAhie' ( vahadAraNyaka0 2|4|5)-yh vAkya viSaya hai| brahma kI jijJAsA karanI cAhie yA nahIM--yaha sandeha hai| jijJAsA ke lie sandeha aura prayojana donoM hI Avazyaka haiN| [kisI pakSa meM ina donoM ke rahane se jijJAsA ] sambhava hai kabhI [ akele ke rahane se ] asambhava bhI ho sakatI hai| [ sandeha vahIM hotA hai, jahAM kiso kI sambhAvanA aura asambhAvanA donoM hoN| jijJAsA ke sAtha bhI yahI bAta hai, kahIM no jijJAsA sambhava hai, kahIM asambhava bhI / kAraNa yaha hai ki kisI kI jijJAsA tabhI ho sakatI hai. jaba usake viSaya meM sandeha bhI ho aura jijJAsA kA prayojana ( phala ) bhI mile / jisa artha ke viSaya meM sandeha nahIM hai, vastu pUrNa nizcita hai, usameM prayojana rahane para bhI usakI jijJAsA nahIM hotI, kyoMki vaha vastu to jJAta hI hai| usI taraha jahA~ jijJAsA kA phala kucha nahIM ho vahA~ vastu sandigdha hone para bhI jijJAsA nahIM hotI, kyoMki vaha jJAna nirarthaka ho jaaygaa| isalie jahA~ donoM nahIM hoMge vahA~ jijJAsA nahIM hogI / jahA~ donoM hoMge vahA~ jijJAsA ho skegii| do pakSoM ke hone se hI sandeha ho gyaa| ] .. ( 4 AtmA ko jijJAsA asambhava-sandeha kI asambhAvanA ) tatra kasyedaM jijJAsyatvamavagamyate ? ahamanubhavagamyasya zrutigamyasya vA ? naadyH| sarvajanInenAhamanubhavena idamAspadadehAdibhyo vivekenAtmanaH spaSTaM pratibhAsamAnatvAt / nanu sthUlo'haM kRzo'hamityAdidehadharmasAmAnAdhikaraNyAnubhavAt adhyastAtmabhAvadehAlambano'yamahaMkAra iti cenna / bAlyAdyavasthAsu bhinnaparimANatayA badarAmalakAdivatparasparabhedena zarIrasya prtybhijnyaanaanupptteH| Apa kise jijJAsya samajhate haiM-'aham' ( maiM ) isa anubhava se jJeya ( AtmA ) ko yA zruti ke dvArA jJeya ( AtmA ) ko ? pahalA vikalpa to ThIka nahIM hI hai / 'aham' kA anubhava sarvajanIna rUpa se prasiddha hai, deha Adi kA anubhava 'idam' ( yaha-Third person ) zabda se hotA hai| to dehAdi se AtmA spaSTataH alaga pratIta hotI hai| [ sandeha hI nahIM hai to jijJAsA kyoM hogI ? anizcita vastu ko hI jijJAsA hotI hai| ] [AtmA kI jijJAsA asambhava mAnane vAle pUrvapakSI kahate haiM ki ] yahAM para kucha loga zaMkA kara sakate haiM ki ApakA yaha 'aham' kahanA to zarIra para AtmA kA AropaNa karane

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zAMkara-darzanam 647 se hI sambhava hai, kyoMki jaba kahate haiM ki 'maiM moTA hU~', 'maiM patalA hU~' to AtmA ko bhI zarIra ke dharmoM kA AdhAra banA dete haiM / [ moTA, patalA honA zarIra ke dharma haiN| zarIra jar3a hai, kintu ukta vAkyoM meM AtmA para jar3a ke dharmo kA AropaNa kiyA gayA hai - aham ( AtmA ke lie sarvanAma ) aura sthUla: ( deha ke lie vizeSaNa ) donoM ko samAnAdhikaraNa banAkara cetana para jar3a ke dharmoM kA AropaNa huA hai / isalie deha se atirikta AtmA nAma kI koI vastu anubhava - patha meM nahIM AtI / yahI kAraNa hai ki AtmA kI jijJAsA karanI cAhie, jisase AtmA aura deha kA bheda spaSTa ho / isa zaMkA ke uttara meM pUrvapakSI kahate haiM ki ] ukta zaMkA ThIka nahIM / [ yadi zarIra aura AtmA meM bheda nahIM hotA ] naM. bAlya, yuvA Adi avasthAoM meM zarIra kA parimANa bhinna-bhinna rahatA hai / isalie je bera aura AMvale meM paraspara bheda hotA hai, usI taraha zarIra kI [ vibhinna avasthAoM meM paraspara bheda hone ke kAraNa 'maiMne yuvAvasthA meM sukha bhogA', 'bacapana meM maiM khelatA thA ' Adi kI ] pratyabhijJA nahIM ho sakegI / [ ina avasthAoM meM zarIra eka hI nahIM rahatAyaha to spaSTa hai / sAtha-sAtha yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki sabhI avasthAoM meM anubhavakartA eka hI rahatA hai / ataH deha ( ' badalanevAlI ) aura AtmA ( na badalanevAlI ) donoM meM bheda to hai hI / cUMki bheda spaSTa hai, ataH AtmA kI jijJAsA vyartha hai / ] - athocyate - yathA pIlupAkapakSe piTharapAkapakSe vA kAlabhedenaMkasmin vastuni pAkajabhedo yujyate tathaikasmiJzarIrAmidhe vastuni kAlabhedena parimANabhedaH / ata eva laukikAH zarIramAtmanaH sakAzAdabhinnaM pratipadyamAnAH pratyabhijAnate ceti / na tadbhadram / maNimantrauSadhAdyupAyabhedena bhUmikAdhAnavat nAnAvidhAndehAn pratipadyamAnasyAhamAlambanasya bhinnasyAtmanaH zarIrAdbhedena bhAsamAnatvAt / [ pUrvapakSiyoM ko abhI bhI khaTakA lagA hI hai / ve socate haiM ki ukta zaMkA kI saphAI bhI de dI jA sakatI 1] aba ve ( pUrvapakSiyoM para zaMkA karanevAle loga ) kaha sakate haiM ki jaise pIlupAka-pakSa ( paramANu kI utpatti yA nAza-vaizeSika darzana meM svIkRta ) meM yA piTharapAka-pakSa ( pUre piNDa kI utpatti yA nAza - nyAyadarzana meM svIkRta ) meM kAla kA bheda hone se eka hI vastu meM pAkaja ( teja yA agni se utpanna ) bheda ho sakatA hai ( dekhiye, aulUkya - darzana ), usI prakAra zarIra nAmaka vastu meM, jo eka hI hai, samaya ke bheda ke kAraNa parimANa kA bheda ho sakatA hai / [ parimANagata bheda kA spaSTIkaraNa isalie kiyA gayA ki parimANa meM bheda hone para bhI deha ko eka hI samajhA jAya -- isalie deha hI 'aham ' pratIti kA viSaya hai| jar3a aura cetana meM samAnAdhikaraNatA hai hI, ataH AtmA kI jijJAsA karanI cAhie ki bheda spaSTa ho / ] isalie to lokAyata-mata ( cArvAka ) ke loga zarIra ko AtmA se pRthak nahIM samajhate aura [ vibhinna avasthAoM meM pRthaka parimANa se yukta hone para bhI zarIra kA ] pratyabhijJA se eka ho jAnate haiM /

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe hamArA ( pUrvapakSiyoM kA ) kahanA hai ki yaha ThIka nahIM / maNi, mantra, auSadhi Adi upAyoM kA prayoga karake [ jaise koI vyakti kabhI hAthI, kabhI bAgha, kabhI rAkSasa aura kabhI manuSya banakara ] vibhinna bhUmikAoM ( Role ) kA grahaNa karatA hai, vaise hI nAnA prakAra ke zarIroM meM jA-jAkara 'aham' zabda para avalambita ( Dependent, attached to ) AtmA jo bhinna ( zarIra se ) hai, vaha zarIra se bhinna rUpa meM pratIta hotI hai / [ cUMki AtmA zarIra se bhinna lagatI hai, ataH brahma kI jijJAsA nahIM karanI cAhie / ] 648 vizeSa - AtmA kI jijJAsA nahIM karanI cAhie, yaha pUrvapakSa bahuta dUra taka jA rahA haiM | isake do khaNDa haiN| eka meM to sandeha kI asambhAvanA dikhAkara apane pratipAdya kA nirUpaNa karate haiM, dUsare meM prayojana kI asambhAvanA dikhAyeMge / sandeha hI asambhAvanA dikhAne meM pUrvapakSI bhI virodhI dala se bhir3A huA hai / pUrvapakSI zarIra aura AtmA ko spaSTa rUpa se pRthak mAnakara sandeha kA avasara hI nahIM rahane detA jabaki isake virodhI donoM meM abheda ke pradarzana meM lage haiM ki spaSTIkaraNa ke lie AtmA kI jijJAsA honI hI cAhie, nahIM to jar3a aura cetana kI pArasparika saMsRSTi ( Mixture ) se sandeha banA hI rahegA / aba pUrvapakSI apane pakSa kI puSTi meM AtmA aura zarIra kA bheda aura adhika spaSTa karatA hai / ataeva cakSurAdInAmapyahamAlambanatvamaza yazaGkam / 'nAnyadRSTaM smaratyanyaH' ( nyA0 kusu0 1 / 15 ) iti nyAyena cakSurAdau naSTe'pi rUpAdipratisandhAnAnupapatteH / nApyantaHkaraNasyAhamAlambanatvamAstheyam / ayameva bhedo bhedaheturvA yadviruddhadharmAdhyAsaH kAraNabhedazceti nyAyena kartRkaraNabhUtayorAtmAntaHkaraNayostakSavAsivatsambhedAsambhavAt / isIlie ( arthAt se zarIra jaise AtmA bhinna hai usI taraha indriyoM se AtmA ke bhinna hone ke kAraNa ) cakSu Adi indriyoM meM 'aham' kI pratIti hotI hai - aisI zaMkA bhI nahIM kI jA sakatI / yaha niyama hai ki eka AdamI ke dekhe padArtha kA smaraNa dUsarA AdamI nahIM kara sakatA ( nyA0 ku0 1 / 15 ), isalie cakSu Adi indriyoM ke naSTa ho jAne para bhI rUpAdi viSayoM kA anucintana ( naSTa dravya ko prApta karane ke lie vyApAra = pratisandhAna ) karanA sambhava nahIM hai | isake atirikta antaHkaraNa ( mana ) ko bhI 'aham' kA AdhAra nahIM mAnanA cAhie / jo viruddha dharmo kA avyAsa ( AropaNa ) hai vahI bheda hai aura jo kAraNoM kA bheda hai vahI bheda hetu hotA hai - isa niyama se kartA aura karaNa ke rUpa meM jo kramazaH AtmA aura anta:karaNa hai una donoM meM tAdAtmya ( Identity sambheda ) honA usI prakAra asambhava hai jisa

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zAMkarapanan 649 prakAra bar3haI (tama ) aura usake basUle ( vAsi ) meN| [jisa prakAra bar3haI aura basUle meM tAdAtmya nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki bar3haI kartA hai aura basUlA karaNa / kartA aura karaNa meM tAdAtmya nahIM hotaa| usI prakAra AtmA aura mana meM bhI tAdAtmya nahIM hogA, kyoMki donoM meM bheda hai-donoM meM eka para kartRdharma kA AropaNa hai ( AtmA = kartA hai ), dUsare para ( mana para) karaNa-dharma kA AropaNa hai| viruddha dharmoM kA AropaNa hone se donoM meM bheda hai-jaba bheda hI spaSTa hai taba jijJAsA kyoM kareMge ?] __yadyameva eva nAdriyate tahi 'sthUlo'haM, kRzo'haM, kRSNo'ham' ityAdi saMkhyAnamutsannasaMkathaM syAt / na syAt / evaM loke zAstre cobhayathA zabdaprayogadarzane mukhyArthatvAnupapatto 'mazcAH krozanti' ityaadivdaupcaariktvenopptteH| [pUrvapakSiyoM ko ukta abheda-sthApanA para zaMkA hotI hai-] yadi Apa abheda mAnate hI nahIM haiM to 'maiM moTA hai', 'maiM patalA' haiM, 'maiM kAlA haiM' ityAdi kA jo samyaka jJAna hai usakI jar3a to miTa jaaygii| koI nahIM kahegA ki ye anubhava hameM nahIM hote| saboM ko mAnanA par3egA ki moTA, patalA, kAlA, gorA kA anubhava saboM ko hotA hai / yadi AtmA aura zarIra meM bheda hI hai, abheda kabhI nahIM to ye vAkya Ate kaise haiM ? ] uttara meM kaheMge ki aisI bAta nahIM / isa prakAra laukika yA zAstrIya vAkyoM meM, kahIM bhI jaba zabda-prayoga ho aura mukhya artha saMgata nahIM ho rahA ho to 'maMca cillAte haiM' ityAdi vAkyoM kI taraha lAkSaNika mAnakara to una vAkyoM kI siddhi ho sakatI hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki zabdoM kA prayoga donoM prakAra se ( mukhya vRtti aura gauNa vRtti se bhI ) hote dekhA jAtA hai / [ jisa prakAra 'maMca cillAte haiN| isa vAkya meM acetana maMcoM para cetana ke dharma 'cillAne kA Aropa karate haiM taba mukhya vRtti se artha nahIM lagatA aura nidAna lakSaNAvRtti ( gauNa vRtti ) kI sahAyatA lenI par3atI hai / usI prakAra 'maiM' AtmA para zarIra ke dharma moTA, patalA Adi kA Aropa gauNa vRtti se hotA hai / aise vyavahAra ( vAkya-prayoga ) asambhava nahIM haiM, upapatti ( Explanation ) se yukta haiN|] na dvitiiyH| ahamanubhavagamyasyaiva zrutigamyatvAt / 'satyaM jJAnamanantaM brahma' (0211) ityAdizrutibhyo hi brahmAvagamyate / brahmabhAvazca 'ahamAtmA brahma' (bR0 2 / 5 / 19), 'tattvamasi' (chAM0 687) ityAdizrutiSvahaMpratyayagamyasyaiva bodhyte| tathA cedamanumAnaM samasUcivimatamajijJAsyam, asandigdhatvAt, karatalAmalakavat / dUsarA vikalpa [ki zruti se jJeya AtmA kI jijJAsA hotI hai ] bhI ThIka nahIM / jo AtmA 'aham' ke anubhava se jJeya hai vahI zruti se jJeya ho sakatI hai| 'brahma satya hai, jJAna aura ananta hai' ( te0 2 / 1 / 1 ) ityAdi zrutiyoM se brahma kA jJAna hotA hai aura maiM AtmA

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650 sarvadarzanasaMgrahehU~', 'brahma hU~' (vR0 2 / 5 / 19), 'vaha tumhIM ho' ( chAM0 687 ) ityAdi zrutiyoM meM / 'aham' kI pratIti ( anubhava ) se jJeya ko hI brahma mAnA gayA hai| isa taraha nimnokta anumAna kI sUcanA milatI hai (1) vivAdAspada ( AtmA ) ajijJAsya hai (pratijJA ) / (2) kyoMki isake viSaya meM koI sandeha nahIM hai ( hetu)| (3 ) jisa prakAra hAtha meM vidyamAna Amalaka-phala ( udaahrnn)| vizeSa-yadi 'aham' ke anubhava se gamya ( Knowable ) tathA sAMsArika sukhaduHkha kA bhoga karanevAlA jIva ho brahma hotA to bhI ina zrutiyoM meM virodha kI AzA nahIM ho sakatI-'niSphalaM niSkriya zAntam' ( zve0 6 // 9), 'aprANo hyamanAH' ( muM0 2 / 1 / 2), 'sadeva saumyedamana AsIt' ( chAM0 6 / 2 / 1 ) Adi / ina saboM meM sAMsArika sukha-duHkha, kriyAoM Adi se AtmA ko pRthak dikhAne kI ceSTA kI gaI hai| brahma ke lakSaNa inameM nahIM haiM / vAstava meM ye zrutiyAM jIva kI prazaMsA karane ke lie arthavAda ke rUpa meM prastuta haiM / isa prakAra sandehAbhAva meM AtmA ko jijJAsA nahIM hogI-yaha kahA gayA / aba prayojana kI asambhAvanA dikhAkara vahI bAta siddha kareMge / isa prakAra yaha lambA pUrvapakSa kucha dUra taka clegaa| ( 4 ka. AtmA ko jijJAsA asambhava-prayojana kA abhAva ) tathA phalaM na phalabhAvamIkSate puruSarIta iti vyutpattyA niHzeSaduHkhopazamalakSitaM paramAnandaikarasaM ca puruSArthazabdasyArthaH sakalapuruSadhaureyaH prepsyate naitatsAMsArika sukhajAtam / tasyaihikasya pAralaukikasya ca sAtizayatayA ca sadRzatayA ca prekssaavdbhiriimaantvaanupptteH| yattatparipanthi duHkhajAtaM tjjihaasyte| taccAvidyAparaparyAyasaMsAra eva / krtRtvaadisklaanrthkrtvaadvidyaayaaH| - usI prakAra [ AtmA kI jijJAsA kA koI prayojana yA phala bhI nahIM hai ] jise phala Apa loga samajhate haiM vAstava meM vaha phala ( prayojana ) ho hI nahIM sakatA / [ aba jise Apa loga phala samajhate haiM usakA hama ullekha karate haiM-] 'puruSoM ke dvArA jisakI kAmanA ( /artha-dhAtu ) kI jAya'--yahI vyutpatti hai, isase sabhI acche acche loga puruSArtha zabda kA artha vaha phala lete haiM jisameM sabhI duHkhoM kA zamana ho jAya tathA paramAnanda kA hI eka mAtra rasa milatA rhe| isa sAMsArika sukha-samUha kA artha ve loga [ puruSArtha se kabhI ] nahIM lete / sukha cAhe aihika ho yA pAralaukika-usameM atizayatA ( eka se bar3hakara dUsarA sukha honA, tAratamya, Gradation ) tathA sAdRzya ( usakI taraha kA dUsarA sukha honA, Similarity ) hone ke kAraNa buddhimAn loga usakI

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zAMkara-varsanam 651 kAmanA kabhI nahIM kara sakate / [ sukhI sukhoM meM tAratamya lagA huA hai| naukarI pAne kA sukha rAjya pAne ke sukha se choTA hai / rAjyasukha svargasukha ke sAmane kucha bhI nahIM / isase lagatA hai ki svarga kA sukha bhI kisI kI apekSA choTA hI hai / sukha ke samAna dUsarA sukha bhI milatA hai / isIlie vidvAn loga niratizaya tathA nirupama Ananda kI kAmanA karate haiM jisameM tanika bhI duHkha kI sambhAvanA nahIM rahe / ] jo kucha bhI [ usa paramAnanda kA ] virodhI duHkhasamUha hai use chor3ane kI kAmanA kI jAtI hai / vaha duHkhasamUha aura kucha nahIM, yaha saMsAra hI hai jisakA dUsarA nAma avidyA bhI hai / kAraNa yaha hai ki avidyA hI kartRtva Adi sabhI anarthoM ko utpanna karatI hai / [ avidyA ke kAraNa hI prANI artha meM anartha aura anartha meM artha kI kalpanA karatA hai / vaha vAstava meM kisI vastu kA utpAdaka nahIM hai, avidyA ke calate hI vastuoM ko utpatti kevala pratIta hotI hai parantu puruSa apane ko hI kartA samajhane lagatA hai / yaha saba avidyA ke kAraNa hotA hai / ] samityekIkaraNe vartate / sambhedAdau tathA copalambhAt / tathA cAtmAnaM dehenaikIkRtya svarganarakamArgayoH sarati yena puruSaH sa saMsAro'vidyAzabdArthaH / tannivRttiH phalaM phalavatAmabhimatam / tathA kathitamavidyAstamayo mokSaH sA ca bandha udAhRta / iti / [ saMsAra - zabda meM 'sam' upasarga ekIkaraNa ( Unification ) artha meM hai jaise sambheda [ saGgama ] Adi zabdoM meM pAyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra AtmA ko deha se eka mAnakara svarga aura naraka ke mArgoM para puruSa jisake dvArA calatA hai ( sarati ) vahI saMsAra kI nivRtti ho [ AtmajijJAsA kA ] phala hai, aisA phalavAdI ( vedAntI ) loga mAnate haiM / jesA kahA bhI hai- 'avidyA kA astaMgata honA mokSa hai aura avidyA ho bandhana mAnI gayI hai / ' - vizeSa - ina do paricchedoM meM pUrvapakSiyoM ne brahmajijJAsA kA sambhAvita ( Possible ) prayojana uddhRta kiyA hai jo vedAntiyoM ko hI mAnyatA hai / aba pUrvapakSI yaha dikhalAyeMge ki vAstava meM yaha prayojana hai hI nahIM / usake pradarzana ke bAda kahIM isa lambe pUrvapakSa kA anta hogA / tacca kAzakuzAvalambanakalpam / AtmayAthAtmyAnubhavena saha vartamAnasya saMsArasya rUparasavadvirodhAbhAvena nivartyanivartakabhAvAt / nanu sahAnuvartamAno bodhaH saMsAraM mA bAdhiSTa / sahAvartamAnastu bodhaH prakAzastamovadvAdhiSyata iti cet - tadetadriktaM vacaH / ahamanubhavAdanyasyAtmajJAnasya mUSikaviSANAyamAnatvAt /

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652 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe [ AtmajijJAsA ke lie 'saMsAra ko nivRtti' ko prayojana ke rUpa meM rakhanA [ ThIka vaisA hI hai jaise DUbanevAlA AdamI kAza yA kuza ke paudhe ko pakar3akara bacanA cAhe / AtmA ke yathArtha anubhava ke sAtha yaha saMsAra calatA / [ prANI ko AtmA kA jJAna saMsAra meM rahakara hI hotA hai jaise use Antara sukha Adi kA jJAna hotA hai / ] jaise rUpa-rasa Adi kA bodha [ isI saMsAra meM rahakara hotA hai vaise hI AtmA kA yathArtha jJAna bhI yahIM se hogA / donoM ke bIca ] koI virodha nahIM hai / isalie [ saMsAra aura AtmajJAna ke bIca ] nivartya ( saMsAra ) aura nivartaka ( AtmajJAna ) kA sambandha nahIM ho sakatA / [ yadi rUparasAdi ke jJAna se saMsAra kI nivRtti nahIM hotI to AtmajJAna se bhI nahIM hogI -- donoM kI jJAna - vidhi meM koI antara nahIM hai / ] zaMkA- - mAna liyA ki saMsAra ke sAtha anuvartita honevAlA [ = 'aham' ke rUpa ] AtmajJAna saMsAra kI nivRtti bhale hI na kare kintu sAtha-sAtha Avartita honevAlA ( = zuddha advitIya AtmA ke svarUpa kA ) jJAna to saMsAra kI nivRtti kara sakegA jaise prakAza andhakAra ko haTA detA hai ? uttara - yaha tarka bilkula khokhalA hai / 'aham' ke anubhava ke atirikta kisI AtmA kA jJAna honA cUhe kI sIMga kI taraha hI asambhava hai / nanvanyo'yamanubhavaH pAmarANAM mA sma bhavannAma | vedAntavacananicayaparyAlocanakSamANAM parIkSakANAM sambhavatyevetyapi na vaktavyam / abAdhitAnubhavavirodhena vedAntavAkyAnAM grAvaplavanAdivAkyakalpatvAt / na hyAgamAH paraH zataM ghaTaM paTayitumutsahante / isa para Apa loga ( vedAntI ) kaha sakate haiM ki [ 'aham' ke sAmAnya anubhava se ] yaha anubhava bhinna hai [ tathA 'sadeva saumyedamagra AsIt' ( chA0 6 / 2 / 1 ) ityAdi zrutivAkyoM se zuddha advitIya AtmA ke svarUpa kA anubhava hotA hai / ] yaha anubhava mUrkhoM ko bhale hI na ho kintu jo parIkSaka ( buddhimAna puruSa ) vedAnta ke vAkyoM kI paryAlocanA meM samartha haiM unheM to ho sakatA hai / kintu hama kaheMge ki aisA bhI kahanA nahIM cAhie / hamArA anubhava [ ki ahama aura idam meM pArthakya hai yaha ] abAdhita hai ( pramANa hai ), usakA virodha karane ke kAraNa vedAnta ke vAkya bhI 'patthara tairate haiM' isa vAkya kI taraha [ aprAmANika hai| hamArA anubhava kahatA hai ki AtmA aura jar3a do padArtha haiM / dUsarI ora isa anubhava kA virodha 'sadeva saumya 0 ' Adi se hotA hai jisameM eka tattva --- advitIya AtmA kA hI pratipAdana hai / jo vAkya hamAre anubhava ke viruddha hai vaha pramANa nahIM hai / Apa loga AgamoM kI acintya zakti meM vizvAsa rakhate haiM kintu ] sau se Upara Agama milakara bhI kisI sAdhAraNa ghaTa ko paTa ke rUpa meM pariNata nahIM kara sakate / na cAdhyayanavidhivyAkopaH / gurumatAnusAreNa huMphaDAdivAkyavat japamAtropayogitvenAcAryamatAnusAreNa vA 'yajamAnaH prastaraH' ( tai0 brA0

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zAMkara-darzanam 3 / 3 / 9 ) ityAdivAkyavat stAvakatvena vedAntasiddhAntasyAdhyetavyatvasambhavAt / tathA ca prayogaH - vivAdAspadaM brahma vicAryapadaM na bhavatyaphalatvAkAkadantavaditi / 653 upayoga hI nahIM ho [ hamAre pakSa ko mAnane para bhI ] avyayana vidhi ( 'svAdhyAyo'dhyetavyaH te0 A0 2115 - yaha vidhi ) kI pravRtti meM rukAvaTa utpanna nahIM hogI / [ zaMkAkAra ke kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki adhyayana kA upayoga isI meM hai ki arthajJAna prApta karake karma meM usakA upayoga kreN| jo vAkya asambhava artha kA nirdeza karate haiM unakA to sakegA / jesI ki Apa pUrvapakSiyoM kI mAnyatA hai ye vAkya asambhava arthoM kA pratipAdana karate haiM / isalie unakA adhyayana to nirarthaka ho jAyagA / aisI avasthA meM 'svAdhyAyo'dhyetavyaH' kI vidhi vyartha ho jAyagI / para pUrvapakSI kahate haiM ki aisI samasyA nahIM hogI / ] gurumata ke anusAra 'hu~ phaT ' Adi vAkyoM kI taraha [ ukta zruti vAkyoM kA ] upayoga kevala japa ke lie hI hai / dUsarI ora AcArya ( kumArila ) ke mata ke anusAra 'yajamAna patthara hai' ( te0 brA0 31319 ) ityAdi vAkyoM kI taraha [ ukta zrutivAkyoM kA ] upayoga vidhivAkyoM kI kevala stuti karane bhara ke lie hai- ataH vedAnta ( upaniSad ) ke vAkyoM ko to hama bhI adhyetavya mAnate hI haiM / isIlie to hama apanA anumAna dete haiM( 1 ) vivAdAspada ( prastuta ) brahma vicAra kA viSaya nahIM ho sakatA ( pratijJA ) / ( 2 ) kyoMki isake vicAra kA koI phala nahIM hai ( hetu ) / ( 3 ) jaise kaue ke dA~toM kA ( udAharaNa ) / vizeSa - hama jAnate haiM ki mImAMsA darzana kI do zAkhAyeM haiM - gurumata aura bhATTamata / gurumata ke anusAra adhyayana vidhi apUrva vidhi nahIM hai / pratyuta adhyApana vidhi kA hI anuvAda hai / adhyApana vidhi meM kevala pATha kI hI prApti hotI hai, arthabodha kI nahIM / isalie vidhi kI AvazyakatA ke anusAra sarvatra arthajJAna kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / yadi artha sambhava hai to usakA grahaNa kreN| yadi sambhava nahIM to use tyAga deM inakA upayoga 'hu~ phaT ' Adi arthahIna mantroM kI taraha kevala japa ke lie hai / stuti mAnate haiM / isalie upayoga rahegA hI / bhaTTa -mata ke anusAra adhyayana - vidhi kI pravRtti arthajJAnarUpI dRSTaphala ke lie hotI hai / artha sarvatra hai / jahA~ vedoM meM vAcyArtha sambhava nahIM, vahA~ para 'yajamAnaH prastaraH' kI taraha arthavAda mAnakara lakSaNA se arthabodha karate hue una vAkyoM meM kisI bhI dazA meM - japa ke lie yA stuti ke lie zrutivAkyoM kA brahma ke pratipAdaka vedavAkya kA yA to japa ( Recitation ) ke lie upayoga hai yA jIva kI prazasti ke bodha ke lie / jIva yajJAdi kA kartA yA upAsya devatA ho sakatA hai / spaSTataH yaha momAMsakoM kI ora se vedAntavAkyoM kA tAtparya-nirUpaNa ( Interpretation ) hai /

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654 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe kAka- danta para eka lokokti dI gaI hai kAkasya kati vA dantA meSasyANDaM kiyatpalam / kA vArtA sindhusauvIreSveSA mUrkhavicAraNA // isameM asambhava tathA anargala bAtoM kA saMkalana kiyA hai // tadAhurAcAryA: - siddhestayaMva 2. ahaMdhiyAtmanaH brahmabhAvataH / tajjJAnAnmuktyabhAvAcca jijJAsA nAvakalpate // iti / na ca bhedenAdhyastadehAdinivRttiH phalamityaphalatva heturasiddha iti veditavyam / bhedagraho hi vyApaka nivRttyA vyApyanivRttiriti nyAyena bhedAgrahaparipanthinaM bhedasaMskAramapekSate / anAkalitakaladhautasya zuktizakale tatsamAropAnupalambhAt / AcAryoM ne ise kahA bhI hai- ( 1 ) cUMki 'aham' kI pratIti se AtmA kI siddhi ho jAtI hai, ( 2 ) vahI AtmA brahma ke rUpa meM siddha hai, (3) usa AtmA ko jAnane se mukti hone ko nahIM hai-- isalie brahma kI jijJAsA karanI cAhie, aisA prazna nahIM dikhalAI par3atA / [ isa zloka meM pUrvapakSa kA upasaMhAra-sA lagatA hai yadyapi abhI isake kucha khaNDa bAkI hI haiM / ] [ vedAntI loga kaha sakate haiM ki advitIya brahma meM ] bhinna rUpa meM jo dehAdi padArthoM kA AropaNa hotA hai ( pratIti hotI hai ), usako nivRtti hI [ brahmajijJAsA kA ] phala hai, ataH uparyukta anumAna meM diyA gayA hetu - 'kyoMki isake vicAra kA koI phala nahIM - asiddha hai / kintu [ pUrvapakSI kahate haiM ki ] aisA nahIM samajhanA cAhie / vyApaka kI nivRtti se vyApya kI nivRtti hotI hai - isa niyama se bheda kA grahaNa ( Apprehension of difference ) bheda ke agrahaNa ( ajJAna ) ke virodhI bhedasaMskAra kI apekSA rakhatA hai / [ uparyukta nyAya se hI dhUma agni kI apekSA rakhatA hai / agni vyApaka hai aura dhUma vyApya / yadi agni na ho to dhUma kI prApti hI nahIM hogI / usI taraha bhedagraha yA bhedAdhyAsa bheda ke saMskAra kI apekSA karatA hai / yadi bhedasaMskAra ( vyApaka ) na ho to bhedAdhyAsa hogA hI nahIM / bhedasaMskAra bheda ke Agraha kA nAza karake bhedAdhyAsa utpanna karatA hai / rajata kA saMskAra binA rahe hue zukti (sIpI) ke Tukar3e para usake AropaNa kI sambhAvanA nahIM hai / [ jisa samaya kahate haiM ki yaha rajata hai to rajata kA saMskAra utpanna hokara rajata ke ajJAna kA nAza karake sIpI para, ayathArtha rUpa meM hI sahI, para rajata kI pratIti karA detA hai| rajata kA saMskAra yadi utpanna nahIM hogA to rajata kI pratIti bhI nahIM hogI / ise Age bar3hAte haiM / ]

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zAMkara-darzanam 655 saMskArazca pramitimAkAGkSati / ananubhUte saMskArAnudayAt / na ca bhrAntirUpo'nubhavastatkaraNamiti bhaNitavyam / bhrAnterabhrAnti pUrvakatvena kvacitpramite ravazyAbhyupagamayitavyatvAt / prayogazca - vimatAvAtmAnAtmAnau bhedena pramitAva bhedAyogyatvAt / tamaH prakAzavat / uparyukta saMskAra yathArtha anubhava ( pramiti Actual experience ) kI apekSA rakhatA hai, kyoMki jisa vastu kA anubhava hI nahIM kiyA gayA hai usakA saMskAra bhI nahIM jAgRta ho sakatA / [ yadyapi kahIM-kahIM ayathArtha anubhava se bhI saMskAra kI utpatti dekhate haiM tathApi vaha anubhava bhI kisI saMskAra ke hI bAda hogA - ataH kahIM na kahIM yathArtha anubhava kI AvazyakatA par3I hI hogI / isalie yahA~ bhI bhedasaMskAra ko utpanna karanevAlA pahalA bhedAnubhava yathArthaM hI mAnanA pdd'egaa| cUMki yaha bhedAnubhava yathArtha hai isalie brahma kA vicAra yA jijJAsA karane se bhI usakI nivRtti sambhava nahIM hai / brahmavicAra karanA niSphala ho gayA ataH hamAre anumAna meM jo 'niSphala' hetu diyA gayA thA vaha asiddha nahIM hai / ise Age spaSTa kara rahe haiM - 1 aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki bhrAnti ke rUpa meM honevAlA ( = ayathArtha ) anubhava hI saMskAra kI utpatti kA sAdhana hai ( saMskAra kI utpatti kahIM kahIM ayathArtha anubhava se hotI hai, yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM = isakA bhI uttara de sakate haiM / ) bhrAnti ke pUrva meM bhI abhrAnti ( yathArtha anubhava ) rahegI hI- - ataH kahIM-na-kahIM pramiti ( yathArtha anubhava ) ko Avazyaka rUpa se svIkAra karanA hI pdd'egaa| isake lie anumAna bhI hai ( 1 ) vivAdAspada ye donoM AtmA aura anAtmA bhinna rUpa meM jJAtA hotI haiM ( pratijJA ) / ( 2 ) kyoMki ye abheda ke yogya nahIM haiM ( hetu ) / ( 3 ) jaise andhakAra aura prakAza [ abheda ke yogya nahIM hai ] ( udAharaNa ) / na cAtmAnAtmanorabhedAyogyatvalakSaNo heturasiddha iti zaGkanIyam / vikalpAsahatvAt / tathA hi- anAtmAtmaparizeSaH syAdAtmAnAtmaparizeSo vA ? Adhe muktidazAyAmiva paridRzyamAnaM jagadastamiyAt / dvitIye jagadAndhyaM prasajyeta / Upara jo 'AtmA aura anAtmA meM abheda ( ekarUpatA ) kI ayogyatA' ke rUpa meM hetu diyA gayA hai vaha asiddha hai, aisI zaMkA nahIM kreN| kAraNa yahI hai ki nIce diye gaye vikalpoM meM kisI ko sahanA isake lie ( zaMkA ke lie ) kaThina hai / ve vikalpa haiM- kyA anAtmA AtmA kA parizeSa ( aMga ) hai yA AtmA hI anAtmA kA parizeSa ( aMga ) hai ? ] jo loga zaMkA karate haiM ki AtmA aura anAtmA meM jo abheda kI ayogyatA hai vaha asiddha

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sarvasanasaMcahehai-unase yaha pUche ki yadi una donoM meM abheda kI yogyatA hai to ve abhinna hoMge - eka kA laya dUsare meM hogA, jaise, jala meM namaka kA laya hotA hai / aba kaheM ki kisameM kisakA laya hotA hai ? AtmA meM anAtmA kA yA anAtmA meM AtmA kA ? dUsare zabdoM meM, kevala AtmA hI avaziSTa rahatI hai yA anAtmA ? ] yadi AtmA hI avaziSTa rahatI hai to jaisI bAta mukti kI dazA meM hotI hai usI taraha yaha dRzyamAna jagat samApta ho jAyagA / [ mukti kI dazA meM kevala AtmA hI bacatI hai, saMsAra kI nivRtti ho jAtI hai / yahI dazA sadA rhtii| ] yadi anAtmA hI avaziSTa rahatI hai to samUcA saMsAra [ jar3a ho jAne ke kAraNa ] andhA ho jaaygaa| ___ tamaHprakAzavadvirukhasvabhAvatvAcca dRgdazyayorAtmAnAtmanoramevAyogyatvamavadheyam / tatazcAryAdhyAsAnupapatto tatpUrvakasya jJAnAdhyAsasyAsambhavena brahmaNo vicAryatvAsammavAdvicArAtmikA caturlakSaNazArIrakamImAMsA nArambhaNIyeti pUrvapale prApte siddhaanto'bhidhiiyte-| [ uparyukta vikalpoM ko na sahane ke atirikta ] andhakAra aura prakAza kI taraha paraspara viruddha svabhAva hone ke kAraNa bhI, dRk aura dRzya meM arthAta AlmA aura anAtmA meM abheda ( tadrUpatA, hone ko ayogyatA hai, yaha mAnanA hI pdd'egaa| ____ isalie [ AtmA para ] vastuoM ke adhyAsa ( Super imposition ) kI siddhi nahIM hotii| [ AtmA aura jar3a meM tApya ko yogyatA hI nahIM ki eka para dUsare kA adhyAsa ho| ] yahI nahIM, usake AdhAra para [ AtmA meM jo prapaMcaviSayaka laukika ] jJAna hai usakA adhyAsa bhI sambhava nhiiN| ataH brahma vicAra ke yogya hai hI nhiiN| phalataH vicAra ke rUpa meM jo cAra adhyAyoMvAlI zArIrika-mImAMsA ( brahmasUtra ) banAyI gaI hai, usakA Arambha nahIM karanI caahie| isa pUrvapakSa ke Ane para aba hama siddhAnta kA varNana karate haiN| vizeSa-adhikaraNa meM tIsarA aMga pUrvapakSa hotA hai / brahmajijJAsA-adhikaraNa ( prathama sUtra ) kA pUrvapakSa bahuta dUra taka nirUpita huvA / isameM do mukhya bAteM thIM-brahmajijJAsA ke lie sandeha kA abhAva aura usake lie prayojana kA abhAva / donoM pakSoM para vAdIprativAdI ke tarkoM kA utthApana karate hue vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isa prasaMga meM vedAnta ke dRSTikoNa para bhI kAphI prakAza par3atA hai| aba uttarapakSa kA vicAra karate haiM ki brahmajijJAsA kA Arambha karanA caahie| (5. brahmA-jijJAsA kA pArambha sambhava-uttarapakSa) ahaMpadAdhigamyAvanyadAtmatattvaM nAstIti na vaktavyam / nirastasamastopAdhikasyAtmatatvasya zrutyAdiSu prasiddhatvAt / na ca teSAmupacaritArthatA /

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zAMkara-darzanam 657 upakramopasaMhArAdiSaDvidhatAtparyaliGgavattayA tattvaM bodhayatAmupacaritArthatvAnupapatteH / liGgaSaTkaM ca pUrvAcAryazitam 3. upakramopasaMhArAvabhyAso'pUrvatA phalam / arthavAdopapattI ca liGgaM tAtparyanirNaye // iti / aisA nahIM kahanA cAhie ki 'aham' zabda ke dvArA jisakA jJAna hotA hai usake atirikta AtmA nAma kA koI tattva nhiiN| [ vAstava meM AtmA usase bhinna hai jo zruti meM prasiddha hai|] jisakI sArI upAdhiyA~ naSTa ho gaI haiM vaha Atmatattva zruti Adi meM prasiddha hai / [ 'aham' kI pratIti se jJeya jo jIvAtmA hai vaha sopAdhika hai, isIlie to 'aham' ke rUpa meM pratIti hotI hai / ahaMbhAva Adi sabhI dharma aupAdhika haiM / 'sadeva saumya0' Adi zrutivAkyoM meM jo prasiddha hai vaha nirupAdhika Atmatattva hai tathA brahma ke rUpa meM hai-'jIvo brahmeva nAparaH', nirupAdhi jIva yA AtmA brahma hI hai / isIlie usakA nizcaya karane ke lie brahmajijJAsA karanI Avazyaka hai| ] una zrutivAkyoM ko upacAra ( lAkSaNika, gauNa, arthavAda ) ke artha meM lenA ( = jIvAtmA kI prazaMsA ke rUpa meM mAnanA ) ucita nahIM hai| upakrama, upasaMhAra Adi chaha prakAra ke liMga ( sAdhana ) haiM jo tAtparya kA nirNaya karate haiM, isalie unase jaba tattva (nirupAdhi, advitIya tathA zuddha brahma ) kA bodha kareMge to una zrutivAkyoM meM upacAra-artha asiddha ho jAyagA / pahale ke AcAryoM ne ina chaha prakAra ke liMgoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai-'upakrama, upasaMhAra, abhyAsa, apUrvatA, phala, arthavAda aura upapatti-ye tAtparya kA nirNaya karane ke lie liMga ( sAdhana ) haiN|' [ yadyapi inheM Age samajhAyA gayA hai, para saMkSepa meM inakA artha dekha leN| kisI prakaraNa meM jisa viSaya kA pratipAdana karanA hai usakA ullekha prakaraNa ke Adi meM karanA upakrama ( Introduction ) hai, prakaraNa ke anta meM karanA upasaMhAra ( Conclusion ) hai / ye donoM mila karake tAtparya-nirNaya ke sAdhana banate haiM / upakrama aura upasaMhAra meM kisI viSaya kA pratipAdana dekhakara pUre prakaraNa kA pratipAdya viSaya samajha meM AtA hai tathA usa prakaraNa ke kisI vAkya kA tAtparya bhI usa sandarbha meM laga jAtA hai| prakaraNa ke pratipAdya viSaya kA pratipAdana yadi prakaraNa meM hI bIca meM bAra-bAra kareM to yaha abhyAsa ( Repetition ) kahalAtA hai / tAtparya ke nirUpaNa meM isase bhI kAphI sahAyatA milatI hai / jaba prakaraNa kA pratipAdya viSaya kisI bhI dUsare pramANa se jJAta na ho to use apU. vatA ( Exclusiveness ) kahate haiM / prakaraNa meM jahAM-tahAM sunAI par3anevAlA prayojana phala ( Purpose ) hai / prakaraNa ke pratipAdya viSaya ko prazaMsA karanA arthavAda ( Eulogy ) hai / jisase prakaraNa ke pratipAdya viSaya kI siddhi ho tathA jo jahA~ tahA~ sunAI par3e vaha yukti upapatti ( Proof ) hai / prakaraNa kA tAtparya inhoM chaha liMgoM se nirNI hotA hai|] 42 0 0

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658 sarvadarzanasaMgrahevizeSa- ina chaha liMgoM ke bala para zaMkarAcArya chAndogyopaniSad ke nirdiSTa aMza ke prakaraNa ko brahmaparaka mAnate haiM / yaha udAharaNa mAtra hai| vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie ukta upaniSad kA chaThA prapAThaka dekhanA anivArya hai| ( 5 ka. upakrama Adi liMgoM ke udAharaNa-AtmA kI siddhi ) tatra 'sadeva saumyedamagra AsIt' (chAM0 6 / 2 / 1) ityupkrmH| 'aitadAtmyamidaM sarva tatsatyaM sa AtmA, tattvamasi zvetaketo' ( chAM0 618-16 ) ityupasaMhAraH / tayorbrahmaviSayatvena aikarUpyamekaliGgam / asakRt 'tattvamasi' (chAM0 618-16 ) ityuktirabhyAsaH mAnAntarAgamyatvamapUrvatvam / ekavijJAnena sarvavijJAnaM phalam / ___unameM 'he saumya ! sabase pahale yaha sat hI thA' ( chAM0 6 / 2 / 1 ) yaha upakrama hai [ cUMki chAMdogyopaniSad ke SaSTha prapAThaka meM prakaraNa ke Adi meM hI hai tathA nirupAdhika kevala sat ke rUpa meM vidyamAna, advitIya brahma kA pratipAdana karatA hai / ] 'yaha saba kucha usake rUpa meM hI haiM, vaha satya hai, vaha AtmA hai aura he zvetaketo ! vaha tuma hI ho' ( chAM0 6 / 8-16 taka pratyeka khaNDa ke anta meM nau bAra )-yaha upasaMhAra hai| ye donoM liMga brahma ke viSaya meM hone ke kAraNa eka rUpa-eka hI prakAra ke liMga haiM / 'vaha tuma ho ho' aisA aneka bAra kahanA abhyAsa hai| [ chaThe adhyAya yA prapAThaka meM ise nau bAra kahA gayA hai / pratyeka khaNDa kA upasaMhAra karate hue 'tattvamasi' kahA gayA hai| ] dUsare pramANa se ajJeya honA apUrvatA hai / [ advitIya AtmA ko dUsare pramANoM se bhI jAna sakate haiM / parantu usakA pradarzana nahIM huA / 'maiM usa aupaniSada puruSa ko pUchatA hU~' (vR0 3 / 9 / 26 ) ityAdi vAkya isakI puSTi karate haiM ki usa puruSa kA jJAna upaniSad ke atirikta kisI bhI dUsare sAdhana se nahIM ho sakatA / ] usI prasaMga meM, eka ke jAnane se saboM kA jJAna hotA hai, aisA kahA gayA hai [ jaise yenAzrutaM zrutaM bhavati ( chAM0 6 / 1 / 3 ) tathA Age bho / ] yahI phala hai| sRSTisthitipralayapravezaniyamanAni pnycaarthvaadaaH| mRdAdidRSTAntA upapattayaH / tasmAdetailiGgarvedAntAnAM nityazuddhabuddhamuktasvabhAvabrahmAtmaparatvaM nizcetavyam / taditthamopaniSadasyAtmatattvasyAhamanubhave'navabhAsamAnatvAttasyAnubhavasyAdhyastAtmaviSayatvaM siddham / gree ( Creation ), ferfat ( Sustention ), tasu ( Dissolution ), staat ( Entrance ) tathA niyamana ( Control )-ye [ brahma ke viSaya meM diye gaye ] pA~ca arthavAda haiM / / yadyapi brahma sat, niSkala Adi hai kintu saguNa kA Aropa karake usakI katipaya zaktiyoM kI prazaMsA upaniSadoM meM huI hai| vaha arthavAda hai| tadekSata bahu syAM prajAyeyeti tatejo sRjata' ( chAM0 2 / 3 ) meM advitIya brahma se sRSTi kA varNana kiyA gayA

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zAMkara-darzanam 659 hai / 'sanmUlA : saumyemAH sarvAH prajAH sadAyatanAH satpratiSThA:' ( chA0 6 1814 ) - yahA~ sthiti aura niyamana donoM kA varNana hai / 'tejaH parasyAM devatAyAm ' ( chA0 6/8/6 ) meM pralaya kA nirUpaNa hai / 'imAstisro devatA anena jIvenAtmanA'nupravizyanAmarUpe vyAkaravANi' ( chA0 6132 ) - isameM praveza kA varNana hai / isa prakAra zruti meM nirUpita sRSTi Adi kriyAoM ke dvArA brahma kI prazaMsA huI hai / ] mRttikA Adi ke dRSTAnta upapatti haiM / [ advitIya vastu kI siddhi ke lie ukta prasaMga meM miTTI kA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai ki kevala miTTI kA piNDa jAna lene se miTTI ke bane sabhI padArthoM kA jJAna ho jAtA hai / ve vikRta rUpa - 1 khilaunA, ghar3A, surAhI Adikevala vANI ke khela haiM | vibhinna nAmoM se pukAre jAne ke kAraNa ye vibhinna padArtha nahIM haiM - satya to kevala miTTI hai / ThIka usI prakAra sAre padArthoM ke nAma aura rUpa bhrama haiM, vANI ke vikAra haiM-- satya kevala brahma hai / usI ke adhyasta rUpa ye padArtha haiM / yaha yukti hI upapatti hai | dekhiye --' yathA saumyaikena mRtpiNDena sarvaM mRNmayaM vijJAtaM syAdvAcArambhaNaM vikAro nAmadheyaM mRttiketyeva satyam / ' ( chA0 6 | 114 ) / isa prakAra vibhinna upaniSadoM meM chaha liGgoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai / isake spaSTa vivaraNa ke lie vedAntasAra dekheM | ] isa prakAra ina liMgoM se yaha nizcaya kara lenA cAhie ki sabhI upaniSadoM ( vedAntoM ) kA tAtparya nitya, zuddha, buddha aura mukta svabhAvavAle brahma ko AtmarUpa meM dikhAnA hai| to, isa taraha upaniSadoM meM pratipAdana jo Atmatattva hai vaha 'aham' ke anubhava meM pratIta nahIM hotA / [ hamArA 'aham' kA anubhava AtmA nahIM hai / AtmA zuddha vahI hai jo upaniSadoM meM pratipAdita hai / ] isalie yaha sAmAnya anubhava adhyasta ( Aropita ) AtmA ke viSaya meM hai, yaha siddha huA / [ Atmatva kA AropaNa dehAdi para hotA hai / usI se sambaddha pratIti hameM 'aham' ke rUpa meM hotI hai, zuddha AtmA kI nahIM / yaha AropaNa bhramamUlaka hai / jaise cAMdI ke rUpa meM sIpI pratIta ( avabhAsita ) hotI hai, usI taraha AtmA ke rUpa meM deha pratIta hotI hai / kucha loga kaha sakate haiM ki 'aham' ke anubhava meM nivizeSa brahma kA avabhAsa bhale hI na ho kintu jIvAtmA kI pratIti to hotI hogI / vaizeSika darzana meM brahma se bhinna jIvAtmA svIkRta bhI hai jo pratyeka zarIra ke lie bhinna-bhinna hai aura vizeSaNayukta hai / isalie 'aham' kA anubhava Aropita Atmatva se yukta dehAdi ke viSaya meM hotA hai / parantu yaha kahanA yukti-yukta isalie nahIM hai ki brahma se bhinna jIvAtmA ke lie koI pramANa hI nahIM / ] 1 ( 6. AtmA kA abhyAsa - vaizeSika-mata kI parIkSA ) kaNabhakSAkSacaraNAdikakSIkRtasyAtmano bhAnAbhAvAdahamanubhavasyAdhyastAtmaviSayatvameSitavyam / na tAvadahamanubhavaH sarvagatatvamAtmano'vagamayitu

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660 sarvadarzanasaMgrahemiSTe / ahamihAsmi sadane jAnAna iti prAdezikatvagrahaNAt / na cedaM dehasya prAdezikatvaM pratibhAsata iti veditavyam / ahamityullekhAyogAt / kaNAda yA gautama Adi ke dvArA svIkRta jo AtmA hai usakI bhI pratIti [ 'aham' ke anubhava se ] nahIM hotI hai ata: 'aham' ke anubhava ko adhyasta AtmA kA hI viSaya samajhanA cAhie / [ aba yaha dikhalAte haiM ki nyAya-vaizeSika meM svIkRta AtmA kA pratibhAsa kyoM nahIM hotA- ] yaha 'aham' kA anubhava AtmA ke vibhutva kA bodha nahIM karA sktaa| [ smaraNIya hai ki vaizeSika darzana meM AtmA ko vibhu mAnate haiM / 'aham' ke anubhava meM vibhutva kA kahIM leza bhI nahIM hai / ataH vaizeSikoM ke dvArA sammata AtmA bhI 'aham' ke rUpa meM pratibhAsita nahIM hotI / ] kAraNa yaha hai ki 'maiM yahA~ para ghara meM jAnanevAlA hU~' isa vAkya meM [ 'aham' anubhavavAlI AtmA kI ] prAdezikatA kA bodha hotA hai [ usakI vibhutA kA nahIM ] / yahA~ para zarIra kI prAdezikatA kA bodha nahIM hotA hai kyoMki 'aham' ke rUpa meM zarIra kA ullekha nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| vizeSa-'maiM yahA~ para ghara meM jAnanevAlA hU~' isa vAkya meM tIna khaNDa haiN| 'maiM' zabda se AtmA kI pratIti hotI hai, 'ghara' se prAdezikatA kI jo vibhutA kI ulaTI hai, 'jAnanevAlA' se jJAtA kI / ye tInoM dharma eka ke hI pratIta hote haiM / kintu isa vAkya meM varNana kisakA hai ? kyA zarIra kA ? nahIM, kyoMki zarIra na to AtmA hI hai aura na jJAtA hii| to kyA AtmA kA varNana hai ? vaha nahIM, kyoMki AtmA vaizeSikoM ke anusAra prAdezika nahIM, vibhu hai / phala yaha hogA ki aise vAkyoM kI siddhi, vyavahAra meM Ane para bhI nahIM ho skegii| yadi yaha uttara diyA jAya ki ghara meM yadyapi vibhu AtmA kI sambhAvanA nahIM ho sakatI kintu AtmA kA eka bhAga to ghara meM raha sakatA hai, isalie usa rUpa meM yaha pratIti ho sakatI hai to isakA bhI pratyuttara hogA ki jaba AtmA ke bhAga isa taraha hone lageMge to ghara meM rahanevAle vyakti ko bhI 'vana meM haiM aisI pratIti ho skegii| isalie adhyAsa se hI ukta pratIti kI siddhi karanI caahie| ___kucha loga phira kahate haiM ki ukta pratIti to AhArya Aropa se bhI siddha ho sakatI hai / bAdhajJAna hone para bhI jo Aropa kiyA jAtA hai vaha AhArya Aropa kahalAtA hai| jaise-yaha AdamI siMha hai / yahAM para Aropa ke samaya bodhajJAna hai hI ki yaha AdamI vAstava meM siMha nahIM hai / prastuta prasaMga meM Aropa do prakAra kA sambhava hai-(1) AtmA ke dharmoM kA zarIra para Aropa aura ( 2) zarIra ke dharmoM kA AtmA para Aropa / aba ina pakSoM kA kramazaH vicAra karate haiN| nanu yathA rAjJaH sarvaprayojanavidhAtari bhRtye 'mamAtmA bhadrasenaH' ityupacAraH, tadvadAtmavacanasyAhaMzabdasya beha upacAra iti cet-maivaM vocaH / aca

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zAMkara-darzanam 661 ritAtmabhAvasya dehAdeH svasamAnAkRtizilAputrakAdivajjJAtRtvAyogAt / na ca jJAtRtvamapyupacaritam / prayoktaH svapratipattiprakAzake prayoge prtiptttvopcaaraanupptteH| [AtmA ke dharmoM kA zarIra para Aropa-isa pakSa ko lekara zaMkA ho rahI hai / yadi aisA kaheM ki ] jaise kisI rAjA ke sabhI kAma karanevAle naukara ko vaha rAjA aupacArika ( lAkSaNika ) rUpa se kahatA hai ki yaha bhadrasena merI AtmA hai, usI prakAra AtmA ke vAcaka 'aham' zabda kA deha para upacAra ( Aropa ) hotA hai / [ rAjA kA Aropa naukara para = AtmA kA Aropa deha para / ] isake uttara meM hama kaheMge ki aisA mata kaho / AramA ke dharmoM kA Aropa ( upacAra ) ho jAne para bhI zarIra usI taraha jJAtA nahIM bana sakatA jisa prakAra zarIra ke samAna AkAravAlI pASANa pratimA [ acetana hone ke kAraNa jJAtA nahIM bana sktii| isalie 'ahamiha asmi sadane jAnAnaH' isa vAkya meM 'jAnAnaH' ( jAnanevAlA ) zabda kI siddhi nahIM ho sktii| ] aisA bhI nahIM kaha sakate ki [ jaise zarIra para AtmA kI kalpanA huI hai vaisI hI ] usakA jJAtA honA bhI kalpita ( upacarita ) hai| jJAtA ke apane jJAna ke prakAzaka prayoga meM jJAtRtva kA upacAra ( kalpanA) nahIM ho sktaa| [ jJAtA apane jJAna ke prakAzana ke lie apane jJAna ke anusAra vAkyoM kA prayoga karatA hai-vaha cAhe mukhya vRtti se kare yA gauNa vRtti se, lekina jJAtA hI ise kara sakatA hai dUsarA nahIM / jaba vaha jJAtA gauNavRtti se prayoga karanA cAhatA hai taba vaha aise dharma kI kalpanA karatA hai jo kahIM para avidyamAna bhI ho sakatA hai / phalataH jJAtA, kalpanA karanevAlA aura prayoga karanevAlA-ye tInoM eka hI haiM / 'ahaM' se usI kA bodha hotA hai| yadi 'ahaM' se deha kA hI bodha kareM jisa para jJAtRtva kI kalpanA kI gaI ho to vaha deha apane hI antargata rahanevAle jJAtRtva kI kalpanA karanevAlI bhI kaise ho jAyagI ? dUsare, jisa deha para jJAtRtva kalpita ho vaha vAstava meM jJAtA hai nahIM-kyoMki jJAtRtva kalpita hai isalie vaha prayoktA bhI nahIM bana sktii| kalpita vastu se vAstava meM koI sacamuca kA kAma nahIM le sakate / kalpita agni se koI jala nahIM sakatA aura na kalpita siMha kisI ko khA sakatA hai / deha para AtmA ke dharmoM kA Aropa hone se deha AtmA kI taraha jJAtA, prayoktA aura kalpaka nahIM bana sktii| Aropa kucha aura hai, vAstavikatA kucha aura / ] atha dehadharmaH prAdezikatvamAtmanyupacaryeta tadA dehAtmano dena bhavitavyam / prasiddhabhede mANavake siMhazabdavatsAmpratikagauNatve tirohitabhedena sArSapAdau rase telazabdavannirUDhagauNatve vA gauNamukhyayorbhedAdhyavasAyasya niyttvaat| [ zarIra kA Aropa AtmA para, isa pakSa para vicAra karane ke lie zaMkA karate haiM / ve kahate haiM ki ] aba yadi zarIra ke dharma arthAt prAdezikatva ( kisI eka sthAna meM honA

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe jaise ghara meM ) kA Aropa AtmA para aupacArika rUpa meM kareM to zarIra aura AtmA meM bheda hogA hii| jahA~ bheda spaSTa ho vahA~ para mANavaka para siMha zabda ke Aropa kI taraha sAmpratika ( kabhI-kabhI prayukta ) gauNatA hone para athavA jahA~ bheda spaSTa ho jahA~ para sarasoM Adi ke rasa para zabda ke Aropa kI taraha nirUr3ha (paramparA se prayukta ) gauNatA hone para . gauNa aura mukhya arthoM meM bhedajJAna nizcita hotA hai| [ kahane kA artha yaha hai-jahA~ buddhipUrvaka eka ke dharma kA dUsare para Aropa karate haiM vahAM para pahale donoM kA bhinna rUpa meM jJAna honA Avazyaka hai / 'siMho mANavakaH' vAkya meM siMha se mANavaka kA bheda prasiddha hai / krUratA Adi guNoM ko dekhakara mANavaka para siMha kA Aropa huA hai| yahA~ para gauNatA sAmpratika (Occasional ) hai, nirUr3ha ( Constant ) nhiiN| mANavaka para siMha kA Aropa to kabhI-kabhI hI hotA hai| jaba gauNa hone para bhI zabda prayoga yA prasiddhi ke kAraNa rUr3ha zabda ke samAna sadA prayukta hotA hai to use nirUr3ha gauNatA kahate haiN| tela kA artha hai tila kA rasa jo mukhya artha hai / aba gauNarUpa se taila kA prayoga dUsare bIjoM ke rasoM para bhI hotA hai, jaise-sArSapaH taila: ( sarasoM kA tela ) / aisA prayoga rUr3ha ho gayA hai isalie ise nirUr3ha goNatA kahate haiM / smaraNIya hai ki sarasoM aura tila ke teloM meM bheda vidyamAna rahane para bhI tirohita ho gayA hai| 'taila' zabda kI gauNatA kI pratIti bhI bhedajJAnavAloM ko hI ho sakatI hai, kyoMki isa taraha kA prayoga bilkula rUr3ha ho gayA hai| kisI bhI dazA meMAhArya Aropa ko sthiti meM, AropyamANa aura Aropa ke viSaya kA bhedajJAna honA Avazyaka hai / jahA~ bhI gauNatA hai vahA~ bhedajJAna bhI hogA / AtmA deha se bhinna rUpa meM pratIta nahIM hotA isalie yahA~ AhArya Aropa se gauNa vRtti kA sahArA nahIM liyA jA sakatA hai| ] atha mama zarIramiti bhedabhAnasambhavAdgauNatvaM manyethAH, tadayuktam / ahaMzabdArthasya dehAdibhyo niSkRSyAsAdhAraNadharmavattvena pratibhAsamAnatvAbhAvAt / aparathA lokAyatikamataM nodayamAsAdayet / mama zarIramityuktistu 'rAhoH ziraH' itivadaupacArikI / [ vedAntI loga pUrvapakSI kA uttara de rahe haiM / ] yadi Apa loga ( = pUrvapakSI ) mama zarIram' ( merA zarIra ) isa vAkya meM bhedajJAna kI sambhAvanA rakhate hue ( AhArya Aropa se hI ) gauNatA mAnate haiM to yaha bhI ThIka nhiiN| dehAdi se bilkula alaga haTakara asAdhAraNa dharma se yukta padArtha ke rUpa meM 'aham' zabda kA artha pratIta nahIM hotA / [ 'mama zarIram' meM dehAdi ko hI AtmA ke rUpa meM samajhate haiN| yadi AtmA ko dehAdi se pRthak karake asAdhAraNa dharma se yukta padArtha ke rUpa meM usakA anubhava hI karate to aise anubhava ke viruddha ] lokAyatika-mata [ ki deha hI AtmA hai ] utpanna nahIM ho sakatA thaa| [jaba deha meM AtmA kI pratIti hotI hai to 'mama zarIram' vAkya meM spaSTa pratIta honevAlA naMda kahA~ rahegA ? isI para uttara dete haiM ki ] 'merA zarIra' isa taraha kI yukti

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. zAMkara-parzanam 663 ( Expression ) aupacArika ( lAkSaNika ) hai| [ yadyapi AtmA aura deha meM abheda kI pratIti hotI hai phira bhI kisI taraha bheda kI kalpanA karake isakA nirvAha kara leM] jaise 'rAhoH ziraH' ( rAhu kA sira ) isa vAkya meM karate haiN| [ rAhu hI sira hai aura sira hI rAhu, phira bhI anya prANiyoM kI taraha rAhu ke zarIra kI kalpanA karake usake zarIra ke isa vizeSa bhAga sira kA bodha karate haiN| vaise hI 'mama zarIram' meM kreN]| vizeSa-AtmA aura zarIra ko eka mAnanevAle vedAntI haiM jo yaha isalie svIkAra karate haiM ki isa bhrama jJAna ko haTAne ke lie brahma jijJAsA kI AvazyakatA siddha kreN| AtmA aura zarIra meM bheda mAnanevAle pUrvapakSI haiM jo isalie mAnate haiM ki donoM meM spaSTa pratIta honevAlA bheda rahane ke kAraNa brahmajijJAsA kI nirarthakatA siddha kreN| yadyapi abhI zaMkara kI ora se uttarapakSa cala rahA hai parantu jahA~-tahA~ samasyAoM ke rUpa meM pUrvapakSa ke darzana bhI hameM ho rahe haiN| aba zaMkarAcArya kI tarapha se AtmA aura zarIra kI abhedapratIti kA sAdhaka pramANa diyA jA rahA hai| smaraNIya hai ki yaha kevala pratIti hai, vAstavikatA yA paramArtha nhiiN| mama zarIramiti bruvANenApi kastvamiti pRSTena vakSaHsthalanyastahastena zRGgagrAhikayA'yamahamiti prativacanasya dIyamAnatvena dehAtmapratyayasya sakalAnubhavasiddhatvAt / taduktam 4. dehAtmapratyayo yadvatpramANatvena klpitH| laukikaM tadvadevedaM pramANaM tvAtmanizcayAt // iti / tathA ca vyApakasya bhedabhAnasya nivRtteApyasya gauNatvasya nivRttiriti niravadyam / 'merA zarIra' aisA kahanevAle puruSa se bho jaba yaha pUchA jAtA hai ki tuma kauna ho [ yaha to tumhArA zarIra huA ], to vaha apane vakSaHsthala para hAtha rakhakara zRGgagrAhikA nyAya se ( = pazuoM ko sIMga pakar3a-pakar3akara unakA nirdeza karanA ki yaha aisA hai ), yahI uttara detA hai ki maiM yaha haiN| isa taraha saboM ke anubhava se yahI bAta siddha hotI hai ki deha AtmA hai, yaha pratIti hotI hI hai| ise kahA bhI hai-'jisa prakAra AtmA ke rUpa meM deha kI pratIti ( Apprehension ) prAmANika mAnI jAtI hai usI prakAra laukika pramANa tabhI taka hai jaba taka AtmA kA nizcaya ( sAkSAtkAra ) nahIM ho jaataa|' [Atma sAkSAtkAra ho jAne para, laukika yA vyAvahArika jagat meM pramANa ke rUpa meM pratIta honevAle padArtha, mithyA ho jAte haiM kevala brahma yA AtmA kI hI sattA raha jAtI hai|] ___ isalie isa vyApaka bhedajJAna ke miTa jAne se usa ( bhedajJAna ) ke dvArA vyApya gauNatA ko bhI nivRtti ho jAtI hai, yaha bilkula spaSTa hai| [ Upara dikhA cuke haiM ki gauNanA

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664 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe( vyApya ) aura bhedajJAna ( vyApaka ) meM vyApti sambandha hai / jahA~-jahA~ gauNatA hai vahA~-vahA~ bhedajJAna rahatA hai / vyApaka kI nivRtti se vyApya kI nivRtti bhI ho jaaygii|] vizeSa-bheda (pUrvapakSI ) aura abheda ( vedAntI ) kA jhagar3A abhI kahA~ samApta huA hai ? pUrvapakSiyoM kA akhAr3A abhI yathApUrva lagA huA hai| zaMkarAcArya bhI unheM acchI taraha pIsa dene kI cintA meM lage haiM / pUrvapakSI bhedasiddhi ke lie dUsarA tarka dete haiM / (6 ka. AtmA ke adhyAsa kI punaH siddhi-bheda kA khaNDana ) nanvabhijJayA bhedasiddhirmA smbhuunnaam| pratyabhijJayA tu so'hamityevaMrUpayA tasiddhiH sambhaviSyatIti cet-na / vikalpAsahatvAt / kimiyaM pratyabhijJA pAmarANAM syAt parIkSakANAM vA ? naadyH| dehavyatiriktAtmaikyamavagAhamAnAyAH pratyabhijJAyA anudayAt / pratyuta zyAmasya lauhityavatkAraNavizeSAdalpasyApi mahAparimANatvamaviruddhamanubhavatAM tadeha eva tasyAH smbhvaacc| eka zaMkA kI jAtI hai ki mAna liyA ki [ 'maiM sthUla hU~' isa pratIti ke viruddha hone ke kAraNa 'merA zarIra'--isa ] abhijJA yA jJAna se [ jIva aura zarIra ke bIca ] bheda ko siddhi nahIM hotI hai| kintu 'vaha maiM hU~' (so'ham ) isa prakAra kI pratyabhijJA ( Recognition ) se to usa bheda kI siddhi sambhava hai ? [ saH = paramAtmA, aham = jIvAtmA / una donoM kI ekatA tabhI sambhava hai jaba AtmA ko deha se bhinna mAne / yadi deha hI AtmA hotI to vaha kabhI bhI paramAtmA nahIM bana sakatI thii| to deha aura AtmA meM bheda hai, ata: 'aham' kI pratIti ko gauNa kahA jA sakatA hai|] [pUrvapakSiyoM kI isa zaMkA para zaMkara kahate haiM ki ] aisI bAta nahIM hai / nIce diye gaye vikalpoM meM kisI ko sahane kI kSamatA ukta tarka meM nahIM hai / acchA, yaha pratyabhijJA kyA mUroM ko hotI hai yA parIkSakoM ( vidvAnoM) ko ? mUoM ko to vaha pratyabhijJA nahIM ho sakatI jisameM deha se bhinna AtmA kI [ paramAtmA se ] ekatA pratibhAsita ho| [ mUrkha loga deha se bhinna jIvAtmA kI pratIti nahIM kara sakate / kintu pratyabhijJA meM dehabhinna jIvAtmA kI paramAtmA se ekatA pratIta hotI hai ataH mUrkha usa jJAna se vaJcita haiM / aba zaMkarAcArya apane DhaMga se 'so'ham' kI vyAkhyA karate dikhalAI par3ate haiN| ] balki kisI vizeSa kAraNa se jaise kAlA padArtha lAla ho jAtA hai usI taraha choTI vastu bhI bahuta bar3A parimANa ( AkAra ) dhAraNa kara letI hai, jisakA virodha nahIM diyA jA sktaa| isa taraha kA anubhava karanevAle logoM ko to deha ( deharUpI jIvAtmA ) meM pratyabhijJA ho sakatI hai / [ abhiprAya yaha hai ki agni-saMyoga se kAlA ghar3A lAla ho jAtA hai, miTTI jala Adi ke saMyoga se choTA bIja bar3A vRkSa bana jAtA hai| vaise hI deharUpI jIvAtmA bhI kAraNa vizeSa se paramAtmA bana jAtI hai / aisI

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zAMkara-varzanam sambhAvanA ke dvArA 'so'ham' pratyabhijJA ho hI sakatI hai / ataH 'so'ham' kI siddhi ke lie deha aura AtmA meM bheda karane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / jIvAtmA ( deharUpI bhI ) svAbhAvika gati se paramAtmA bana jAtI hai yadi kAraNa vartamAna hoM-bhedajJAna kI kahIM apekSA nahIM hai|] na dvitiiyH| vyavahArasamaye pAmarasAmyAnatikAt / aparokSabhramasya parokSajJAnavinAzyatvAnupapattezca / yaduktaM bhagavatA mAyakAreNa-'pazvAdibhizcAvizeSAt'-(ba0 sU0 1 / 1 / 1 bhA0 ) iti pAmatIkArairapyuktaMzAstracintakAH svalvevaM vicArayanti, na pratipattIroiti / tathA cAtmagocarasyAdhyAsAtmarUpatvaM sustham / ___ vidvAnoM ko bhI vaha pratyabhijJA nahIM ho sakatI kyoMki vyavahAra ke samaya vidvAn bhI moM kI taraha hI [ sAmAnya dharma se yukta rahate haiN| vidvAn zravaNa aura manana meM kuzala haiM. kintu jinhoMne Atmatattva kA sAkSAtkAra nahIM kiyA hai ve Agama aura upapatti ke dvArA jIvAtmA ko deha, indriya Adi se bhinna samajha lete haiM / kintu jahA~ taka pramANa aura prameya ke prayoga kA prazna hai ve sAmAnya jIvoM kI taraha haiM / jaise deha ko AtmA ke rUpa meM samajhakara ahaMbhAva se yukta hokara dUsare prANI vyavahAra karate haiM vaise hI ve bhI karate haiN| yadi pratyabhijJA kI sattA mAneM to dUsare logoM kI taraha unakA vyavahAra nahIM raha pAyegA / dUsarI ora jina parIkSakoM ne tattva kA sAkSAtkAra bhI kara liyA hai unameM to jJAtA, jJeya aura jJAna kI tripuTI hI nahIM hai-Tasa para AdhArita bhedasiddhi to dUsare kI bAta hai|] dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki aparokSa ( pratyakSa ) meM honevAlA bhrama parokSa-jJAna se naSTa nahIM ho sktaa| [ rassI meM kisI ko sAMpa kA bhrama pratyakSa rUpa se ho rahA hai| yadi use kaheM ki isa sthAna para sAMpoM kA honA sambhava nahIM hai, to parokSajJAna se sambaddha isa vAkya se bhrama kI nivRtti nahIM ho sktii| AptavAkya se bhrama kA jJAna ho sakatA hai, para nivRtti nahIM / nivRtti to 'yaha sAMpa hai' isa pratyakSa anubhava se hI sambhava hai| usI taraha hameM bhrama deha AtmA ko lekara hai, usakI nivRtti ke lie 'so'ham' kI pratyabhijJA de rahe haiM jo parokSajJAna hai / to bhrama kI nivRtti kaise ho sakatI hai| ] isIlie bhagavAn bhASyakAra ( zaMkarAcArya ) ne kahA hai-'[ zAstracintaka hone para bhI brahma kA sAkSAtkAra binA hue vidvAn vyavahAra-dazA meM ] pazuoM se bhinna nahIM haiN|' [ zaMkarAcArya ne bhASya ke Arambha meM hI adhyAsa kA nirUpaNa karate samaya isakA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / vyAvahArika dazA meM pazu aura zAstrajJa ke vyavahAra meM koI antara nhiiN| unhoMne likhA hai ki hAtha meM DaNDA uThAye hue kisI vyakti ko dekhakara pazu haTa jAtA hai, vahI pazu jaba kisI ke hAtha meM harI ghAsa dekhatA hai to usakI ora pravRtta ho jAtA hai| vaise hI zAstrajJa puruSa bhI apane zarIra ke nAzaka, hAtha meM zastra liye balavAn puruSa ko dekhakara

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666 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe bhAga khar3e hote haiM, anya puruSoM ke prati pravRtta hote haiM ataH inakA pramANa- prameya Adi vyavahAra pazuoM ke samAna hI hai / jaba taka brahma kA sAkSAtkAra nahIM hotA unakA moha dUra nahIM hotA / ] bhAmatIkara ( vAcaspati mizra ) ne bhI kahA hai - ' zAstracintaka ( brahma sAkSAtkAra-hIna kintu zravaNa aura manana se yukta ) loga hI isa taraha kA vicAra ( pazuvat vyavahAra ) karate haiM, AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra kara lenevAle ( pratipattAraH ) loga nahIM / ' isa prakAra yaha susthira ( siddha ) ho gayA ki hameM jo AtmA ke rUpa meM pratIta hotA hai, vaha vastuta: AtmA ke adhyAsa ( zarIra para AtmA kA adhyAsa ) ke rUpa meM hai / 1 vizeSa - abhI taka nyAya vaizeSika ke mata meM svIkRta AtmA kA khaNDana karake AtmA kI adhyAsarUpatA siddha kara rahe the / aba jaina-mata kI AtmA para vicAra karate haiM / jaina loga AtmA (jIva ) ko vibhu nahIM mAnate kintu usakA pariNAma zarIra ke tulya hai, yahI mAnate haiM / aisI dazA meM 'ahamihAsmi sadane jAnAna:' isa taraha kI pratIti nyAya vaizeSika meM bhale hI gauNarUpa se mAnI jAya ki AtmA ke vibhu hone ke kAraNa prAdezikatA kA Aropa usa para kaise ho parantu yahA~ to koI vaisI bAta nahIM - jitanA bar3A jIva utanA bar3A zarIra, jahA~ zarIra vahA~ jIva / ataH prAdezikatA kA prazna sahala ho jAtA hai| aba isa pakSa kA vizleSaNa aura khaNDana karane ke lie zaMkara sannaddha ho gaye haiM / ( 6 kha. jainamata meM svIkRta jIva para vicAra ) na cArhatamatAnusAreNAhaMpratyayaprAmANyAyAtmano dehaparimANatvamaGgIkaraNIyamiti sAmpratam / madhyamaparimANasya sAvayavatvena dehAdivadanityatve kRtahA nAkRtAbhyAgamaprasaGgAt / athaitaddoSaparijihIrSayA 'avayava samudAyaH AtmA' ityabhyupagamyeta tadA vaktavyam / kiM pratyekamavayavAnAM caitanyaM saMghAtasya vA ? nAdyaH / bahUnAM cetanAnAmahamahamikayA pradhAnabhAvamanubhavatAmaikamatyAbhAvena samasamayaM viruddha dikriyatayA zarIrasyApi vizaraNaniSkriyatvayoranyatarApAtAt / Apa loga ( pUrvapakSI ) [ apanI yukti kI rakSA ke lie ] 'aham' kI pratIti kI prAmANikatA ke lie jaina - mata ke anusAra 'AtmA zarIra ke parimANa kI hai' aisA nahIM svIkAra kara sakate haiM / madhyama parimANavAlI vastu ( jo na sarvAdhika parimANa rakhe aura na nyUnatama hI ) avayavoM se yukta hotI hai phalataH [ AtmA ko ] zarIra Adi kI taraha hI anitya mAnanA par3egA / usakA pariNAma yaha hogA ki ki kiye gaye karma kA nAza aura na kiye gaye phala kI prApti hone lagegI / [ yadi AtmA anitya hai to utpatti-vinAzazIla hai / jisa AtmA ne kisI zarIra se sambaddha hokara koI kAma kiyA vaha use na milakara

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zAMkara-darzanam 667 dUsarI AtmA ko mila jAyagA, kyoMki phala pAne taka to vaha AtmA badala hI jaaygii| dUsarI AtmA ko jisane vaisA kAma nahIM kiyA thA, vaha phala mila jaaygaa|] ___ aba yadi isa doSa se bacane kI icchA se Apa yaha siddha kara deM ki avayavoM kA samudAya AtmA hai, taba hamAre ina vikalpoM kA uttara deM-[ AtmA meM caitanya hotA hai / ] to caitanya pratyeka avayava meM hai yA avayava meM hai yA avayavoM ke samUha meM ? pahalA vikalpa to ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki aisI dazA meM bahuta se cenana ho jAyaMge, ve tu-ta, maiM-maiM karate hae pradhAnatA prApta karane ke lie lar3ane lageMge-unameM eka mati to rahegI hI nahIM, isalie eka hI samaya meM ve viruddha dizAoM kI kriyA karane lgeNge| sAtha-sAtha zarIra para bhI vipatti par3egI ki ] yA to vaha vidIrNa ( Tukar3e-Tukar3e ) ho jAyagA yA niSkriya hI ho jAyagA-donoM meM se eka dazA to usakI ho hI jaaygii| [ yadi AtmA cetana avayavoM kA samUha hai to sabhI avayavoM kI sAmarthya samAna hogI, bhale hI unakA svabhAva bhinna-bhinna hogA / Apasa meM vimati honA anivArya hai / eka pUrva kI ora jAyagA, dUsarA pazcima kI ora / ye gatiyA~ eka hI zarIra meM hoNgii| eka hI zarIra do viruddha dizAoM meM nahIM jA sakegA-donoM ora kI khIcatAna se deha phaTa jAyagI / yadi donoM dizAoM meM samAna gati huI to donoM meM se kisI tarapha deha nahIM jA skegii| nidAna use kriyA rahita honA pdd'egaa|] dvitIye'pi saMghAtApattiH kiM zarIropAdhiko svAbhAviko yAdRcchikI vA ? nAdyaH / ekasminnavayave chinne cidAtmano'pyavayavazchinna ityacetanatvApAtAt / na dvitiiyH| anekeSAmavayavAnAmanyonyasAhityaniyama darzanAt / na tRtIyaH saMzleSavadvizleSasyApi yAdRcchikatvena sukhena vstaamksmaadcetntvprsnggaat| yadi dUsarI ora yaha kahate haiM ki samUha meM hI cetanatA hai to prazna hai ki avayavoM kA yaha saMghAta kase hotA hai ? kyA ( siddha ) zarIra ko dhyAna meM rakhakara yaha saMghAta hotA hai yA svabhAvataH hI hotA hai yA manamAne DhaGga se hotA hai ? [pahale vikalpa kA artha hai ki zarIra ke jitane avayava haiM utane AtmA ke bhI haiM / zarIra cUMki eka hai isalie AtmA bhI zarIra ke anusAra hI saMhata rUpa meM hai| dUsarA vikalpa batalAtA hai ki sabhI avayava prakRti se hI Apasa meM mile hue haiN| isameM niyama hai| tIsarA vikalpa binA kisI niyama ke manamAne DhaMga se avayavoM kA saMghAta batalAtA hai / jaba icchA huI mile, na huI na mile|] ____ isameM pahalA vikalpa isalie ThIka nahIM hai ki zarIra kA eka avayava kaTa jAtA hai to AtmA kA bhI vaha avayava kaTa jaaygaa| isalie jIva para acetana kA Aropa ho jaaygaa| [ jIva cetana hai, avayavoM kA samUha hai| eka avayava ke naSTa hone para samUha kA hI uccheda hogA-jIva kA vinAza hogA, use zarIra kI taraha hI acetana

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668 sarvadarzanasaMgrahemAnanA pdd'egaa| yadi saMghAta ko svAbhAvika yA yAdRcchika mAneMge to yaha doSa nahIM A sakegA, kyoki zarIra ke avayavoM se AtmA ke avayavoM kA koI ucchedAtmaka sambandha nahIM rhegaa|] dUsarA vikalpa isalie ThIka nahIM hai ki aneka avayava eka dUsare se sadA eka taraha se hI mile raheMge, aisA koI niyama nahIM dekhA jAtA / [ yadi avayavoM meM saMzleSa honA svAbhAvika hotA to cUMki vastu apane svabhAva se kabhI cyuta nahIM hotI isalie choTA avayava bhI kabhI pRthak nahIM hotaa| sabhI avayava eka rUpa meM hI paraspara mile hue rahate / parantu ve jaina hI yaha nahIM mAneMge / bacapana Adi avasthAoM ke bheda ke yA dUsare janma meM zarIra ke bheda se jIva utanA hI bar3A ho jAtA hai ise ve svIkAra karate haiM-ataH avayavoM kA saMzleSa badalatA rahatA hai / jIvana bar3hatA-ghaTatA hai|] tIsarA vikalpa svIkArya nahIM hai, kyoMki yadi manamAne DhaMga se saMzleSa ( Conjunction ) hotA hai to isI taraha vizleSa ( Disjunction ) bhI to hogaa| isalie sukha se ( nizcinta ) par3e hue jIva akasmAt acetana ho jAyaMge [ jaba ki unakA vizleSa hogA / jaba saba kucha manamAnA hI hai to kyA patA ki kaba vizleSa ho jAya-avayavoM kA saMghAta TUTa jAya, isalie jIva para acetana kI Apatti kabhI bhI A sakatI hai / parantu vAstava meM jIva ko cetana sadA mAnanA cAhie / ] ___ na cANuparimANatvamAtmanaH zaGkanIyam / 'sthUlo'ham' 'dIrgho'ham' iti prtyyaanupptteH| [aba pUrvapakSI socate haiM ki AtmA ko aNu ke parimANa meM mAnakara hama prAdezikatA kI siddhi kara sakate haiM / para zaMkara isa siddhAnta ko hI kATa dete haiM / ve kahate haiM ki ] AtmA aNu ke pariNAma meM ( Atomic ) hai aisI zaMkA nahIM karanI caahie| [ use svIkAra karane se Apako lAbha bhale hI ho ki isakI prAdezikatA kI siddhi kara leM ] parantu 'maiM moTA hU~', 'maiM lambA hU~' aisI pratItiyoM kI siddhi ( Explanation ) nahIM kI jA sktii| (7. vijJAnavAdI bauddhoM kA khaNDana-vijJAna AtmA ) na ca vijJAnAtmabhASiNAM naiSa dossH| vizuddhasAvayavatvAbhAvAditi gnnniiym| yaH suSuptaH so'haM jAgarmoti sthiragocarasyAhamullekhasya kSaNabhaGgivijJAnagocaratve asmistabuddhirUpamithyAdhyAsasya tadavasthAnAt / . aisA nahIM samajheM ki vijJAna ko hI AtmA mAnanevAle [ bauddhoM ke ] mata meM yaha doSa nahIM lagatA / [ vijJAnavAdI loga vijJAna ko hI AtmA mAnate haiM / usakI pratIti bhI 'aham' ke rUpa meM hI hotI hai / kintu yahA~ 'aham' dehAdi ke AkAra meM rahatA hai, kyoMki

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669 zAMkara-darzanam - saba kucha jJAna sAkAra hai / aisI sthiti meM jIvAtmA kA prAdezika honA yA sthUla honAsiddha ho jAyagA, koI bAta asiddha nahIM rahegI / zarIra ke avayavoM ke kaTa jAne se isake kaTane kA prasaMga bhI nahIM uThegA / kAraNa yaha hai ki vijJAna pratyeka kSaNa meM badalatA rahatA hai / jaba jaisA zarIra milA -- taka tesA vijJAna ho gayA / ] vaha jAnanA cAhie ki vijJAna meM vizuddha avayava nahIM rahate / [ zarIra mUrta paramANuoM kA saMghAta hai jaba ki vijJAna ( Antarika padArtha ) skandhoM kA saMghAta hai / yaha kAlpanika hai isalie isake avayava alaga se siddha nahIM haiM / vizuddha kA abhiprAya hai dUsare avayavoM se pRthak rahakara utpanna honA / aba batalAyeMge ki vijJAnavAdiyoM ke mata meM bhI 'aham ' pratIti mukhya nahIM hai / ] 'jo soyA thA, vahI maiM jAga rahA hU~' isa vAkya meM 'aham' kA ullekha sthira bhAva ( Entity ) ke rUpa meM ho rahA hai| dUsarI ora vijJAna kSaNabhara meM hI naSTa ho jAnevAlA hai | isalie mithyA adhyAsa to usameM avasthita mAnanA par3egA hI / yaha adhyAsa eka vastu meM dUsarI vastu ke bodha ke rUpa meM hai / [ asthira vijJAna meM sthira AtmA kI prApti ke kAraNa adhyAsa anivArya hai / ] tadanena kRzo'haM kRSNo'hamityAdInAM prakhyAnAnAM buddhayA sarUpatAkhyAnenaupacArikatvaM pratyAkhyAtam / tadvyApakabhedabhAnAsambhavasya prAgeva prapazvitatvAt / tathA ca prayogaH - vimataM zAstraM viSayaprayojanasahitam, AvidyakabandhanivartakatvAtsuptotthitabodhavat / to, isI ke dvArA, 'maiM patalA hU~', 'maiM kAlA hU~' Adi pratItiyoM ko jo buddhi ke sarUpa kahane se aupacArika mAnate haiM - vaha bhI khaNDita ho gayA / [ smaraNIya hai ki vijJAnavAdI vijJAna ke atirikta aura koI tattva nahIM mAnate / buddhi hI grAhya aura grAhaka ke AkAra meM hokara apane sarUpa AkAravAle ghaTa Adi bAhya padArthoM kI kalpanA apane se bhinnarUpa meM karatI hai / isameM 'maiM sthUla hU~' Adi pratItiyoM meM 'aham' kI pratIti aupacArika hai / parantu isa tarka se usakA bhI khaNDana ho gayA / kyoMki ] hama pahale hI ise spaSTa kara Aye haiM ki usa ( aupacArikatA ) kA vyApaka bhedajJAna honA sambhava nahIM hai / isI darzana meM isI prasaMga meM abhI-abhI kahA gayA hai ki aupacArika hone meM lie bhedajJAna anivArya hai / parantu ye vijJAnavAdI bauddha yahA~ para bhedajJAna svIkAra kareMge hI nahIM, kyoMki ve vijJAna ke atirikta kisI bhI vAstavika padArtha kI sattA nahIM mAnate / ] [ abhI taka yaha siddha kara rahe the ki 'aham' kI pratIti AtmA ke adhyAsa kA viSaya hai / aba yaha batalAte haiM ki ukta adhyAsa kI nivRtti karanevAle tathA AtmA jaisA sandigdha viSaya hone ke kAraNa vedAntazAstra kA Arambha kareM / usI ke lie anumAna de rahe haiM / ] anumAna aisA hai ---

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670 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe(1) prastuta zAstra viSaya aura prayojana se yukta hai / ( pratijJA ) ( 2 ) kyoMki yaha avidyAsUcaka bandhana kI nivRtti karatA hai / ( hetu) ( 3 ) jisa prakAra sokara uThane para bodha hotA hai / ( udAharaNa ) [ aba dRSTAnta kA spaSTIkaraNa hogaa|] yathA svapnAvasthAyAM mAyAparikalpitayoSAdikRtabandhanivartakasya suptotthitabodhasya mandiramadhye sukhena zayyAyAmavatiSThamAno deho vissyH| tasya suptabodhenAnizcayAt svapnamAyAviz2ambhitAnarthanivRttiH prayojanam / evaM mananAdijanyaparokSajJAnadvAreNa AdhyAsikakartRtvabhoktRtvAdyanarthaniSedhakasya zAstrasya saccidAnandaikarasaM pratyagAtmabhUtaM brahma vissyH| tasyAhamanubhavenAnizcayAt / adhyAsanivRttiH prayojanam / __ jaise svapna kI avasthA meM kisI strI ke dvArA mAyA se kallita bandhana ho jAya to usakI nivRtti sokara uThane para jo bodha hotA hai usI se sambhava haiM / [ isa avasthA meM bodha kA] viSaya hai vaha zarIra jo kisI koTharI meM sukha se bichAvana para leTA huA hai| usI deha ke viSaya meM soye hue vyakti kA jJAna nirNaya nahIM kara pA rahA hai [ aura jAgane para usI kA bodha nizcita ho jAtA hai| ] svapna ko mAyA se utpanna (vimbhita = vyApta ) anartha kA nivAraNa karanA hI isa [ bodha ] kA prayojana hai| ThIka isI taraha mananAdi se utpanna parokSa-jJAna ke dvArA, adhyAsa se utpanna kartRtva, bhoktRtva Adi anarthoM kA nivAraNa zAstra ( vedAnta-zAstra ) se hotA hai / usa zAstra kA viSaya brahma hai jo [ aura koI nahIM, ] pratyagAtmA yA jIva hI hai tathA jisakA ekamAtra rasa ( AsvAdana, anubhUti ) sat, cit aura Ananda hai| isI AtmA ke viSaya meM 'aham' ke anubhava ke dvArA nizcaya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| adhyAsa ( Superimposition ) kI nivRtti hI zAstra kA prayojana hai| tathA cAphalatvAditi heturasiddha iti siddham / taduktam5. zrutigamyAtmatattvaM tu nAhaMbuddhayAvagamyate / api khe kAmato moho nAtmanyastaviparyaye // iti / ito'yamasandigdhatvAditi heturapyasiddha iti siddham / ___ isa prakAra, [ pUrvapakSI ne jo 'brahma kI jijJAsA nahIM karanI cAhie' isakI siddhi ke lie ] 'kyoMki usakA koI phala nahIM' Adi hetu diyA thA vaha asiddha hai [ kyoMki brahmajijJAsA kA phala (prayojana ) hama dikhalA cuke haiM / ] ise kahA hai-'jo Atmatattva ekamAtra zruti ke dvArA jAnA jA sakatA hai vaha 'aham' kI buddhi ( jJAna, pratIti ) se jJAta nahIM ho sktaa| [ aham kI pratIti adhyAsa para AdhArita hai jisameM ahaMkAra ( Ego) aura AtmA ( Soul ) kA tAdAtmya kara diyA gayA hai| AtmA yadyapi apratyakSa hai phira

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671 zakara-darzanam bhI AkAza kI taraha usameM moha kI sambhAvanA hotI hI hai / AtmA mithyAjJAna se rahita hone para moha se grasta nahIM hotI / ise hI kahate haiM / ] jisa prakAra yadRcchA se AkAza para [ rUpAdi kA abhyAsa karate haiM parantu vAstava meM vaha aisA nahIM / ] viparyaya ke naSTa ho jAne para AtmA meM moha nahIM hotA / ' isake bAda [ pUrvapakSI ne jo AtmA kI ajijJAsyatA siddha karane ke lie ] 'kyoMki sandigdha nahIM hai' yaha hetu diyA thA vaha bhI asiddha hai, yaha siddha huA / ( 8. AtmA ke viSaya meM sandeha ) yadyapi sarvaH prANI pratyagAtmAstitvaM pratyetyahasmIti / na hi kazcidapi nAhamasmIti vipratipadyate / pratyagAtmaiva brahma 'tattvamasi' ( chA0 687 ) iti sAmAnAdhikaraNyAt / tasmAdAtmatattvamasandigdhaM siddham / tathApi dharmaM prati vipratipannA bahuvidhA iti nyAyena vizeSapratipattirupapadyata eva / yadyapi sabhI prANI jIvAtmA ke astitva kI pratIti karate haiM ki maiM hU~ / kisI ko bhI isa taraha kI vipratipatti nahIM hogI ki maiM nahIM hU~ / jIvAtmA ho brahma hai kyoMki 'vaha tuma ho' ( chA0 687 ) isa vAkya meM donoM ko samAnAdhikaraNa dikhalAyA gayA hai / isalie Atmatattva bilkula asandigdha hai -- yaha siddha huA / phira bhI yaha niyama hai ki kisI vastu ke dharma ko lekara bahuta taraha ke vivAda calate rahate haiM / isa niyama se to vizeSa kI pratipatti ( pratipAdana ) hameM karanI hI hai / vizeSa -AtmA dharmI hai jisake dharma ke viSaya meM nAnA prakAra ke vivAda haiM / aba yahA~ para AtmA ke viSaya meM vibhinna dArzanikoM ke vicAroM kA saMgraha kiyA jA rahA hai / tathA hi- caitanyaviziSTaM dehamAtmeti lokAyatA manyante / indriyANyAtmetyante / antaHkaraNamAtmetyapare / kSaNabhaGguraM santanyamAnaM vijJAnamAtmeti bauddhA budhyante / dehaparimANa Atmeti jainA jinAH pratijAnate / kartRtvAdiviziSTaH paramezvarAddhinno jIvAtmeti naiyAyikAdayo varNayanti / dravyabodhasvabhAvamAtmetyAcAryAH paricakSate / a [ vivAda ] isa prakAra haiM- lokAyata ( cArvAka ) matavAle mAnate haiM ki caitanya se yukta deha hI AtmA hai / inameM hI kucha loga indriyoM ko aura kucha loga mana ( antaHkaraNa ) ko AtmA mAnate haiM / santAna ( Series ) se yukta aura kSaNabhaMgura vijJAna hI AtmA hai, bauddhoM kA bodha isa taraha kA hai| jina ( vijayI ) jainoM kI pratijJA ( Proposition ) hai ki deha kA parimANa ( Dimension ) hI AtmA hai / naiyAyika Adi varNana karate haiM ki jIvAtmA paramezvara se bhinna hai tathA kartRtva Adi se yukta hai / AcArya (kumArilabhaTTa ) kahate haiM ki dravya kA svabhAva ( ajJAna svarUpa ) aura bodha kA svabhAva ( jJAna-svarUpa ) AtmA hai [ unakA yaha kahanA hai ki 'AtmAnandamayaH' ( tai0

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672 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe 2 / 5 / 1 ) meM 'Anandamaya' zabda se Ananda kI pracuratA kA bodha hotA hai, sAtha-sAtha usake virodhI aMza (= dravyAMza ) kA bhI thor3A hI sahI, astitva mAlUma par3atA hai / sokara uThane para kitane AdamI kahate haiM ki maiM sukha se soyA rahA, kucha svapna meM jAna nahIM skaa| yaha dazA suSupti kI thI / yadi isa dazA meM prakAza nahIM hotA to aisA kahanA kabhI sambhava nahIM thA ki suSupti meM kucha bodha nahIM rahatA hai / isalie AtmA meM prakAza kA aMza siddha hotA hai sAtha-sAtha bodha kA abhAva rahatA hai isalie aprakAzAMza arthAt dravyAMza bhI usa ( suSupti kI ) dazA meM hai isalie ye loga AtmA ko dravyasvabhAva aura jJAnasvabhAva mAnate haiN|] / bhoktava kevalaM na kati sAMkhyAH saMgirante / cidrUpaH kartRtvAdirahitaH parasmAdabhinnaH pratyagAtmetyaupaniSadA bhaassnte| evaM prasiddha miNi vizeSato vipratipattau tadvizeSasaMzayo yujyte| tathA ca sandehasambhavAjjijJAsyatvaM brahmaNaH siddham / taditthaM brahmaNo vicAryatvasambhavena tadvicArAtmakaM brahmamImAMsAzAstramArambhaNIyamiti yuktam / 'janmAdyasya yataH' (bra0 sU0 112) ityAdi sarvasya zAstrasyaitadvicArApekSatvAt zAstraprathamAdhyAyasaMgatamidamadhikaraNam / sAMkhya loga kahate haiM AtmA ( puruSa ) kevala bhoktA hai, kartA nhiiN| upaniSadoM ke adhyetAoM kA kathana hai ki jIvAtmA cit ke rUpa meM, kartRtvAdi vizeSaNoM se rahita tathA paramAtmA se abhinna hai / isa prakAra dharmI ( AtmA ) prasiddha hai parantu usake vizeSaNoM ( guNoM ) ko lekara vivAda hai / isalie AtmA ke vizeSa (dharma, guNa ) ke viSaya meM saMzaya honA yuktisaMgata hI hai / aura jaba sandeha honA sambhava hai to brahma kA jijJAsA kA viSaya honA bhI siddha hai| aba cUMki brahma vicAraNIya ho sakatA hai isalie usakA vicAra karanevAle brahmamImAMsA zAstra kA Arambha karanA cAhie, yaha ucita hai| [ isa prakAra yaha uttara-pakSa huaa| ] 'jisase isa saMsAra ke janma Adi hote haiM' (bra0 sa0 1112 ) yahA~ se Arambha karake yaha samUcA zAstra isI brahma ke vicAra meM lagA huA hai isalie zAstra ke prathamAdhyAya ( samanvaya se sambaddha adhyAya ) ke sAtha yaha adhikaraNa saMgata hai| [ yaha saMgati vizeSa-isa prakAra udAharaNa ke lie prathama sUtra se sambaddha brahmajijJAsA-adhikaraNa kA vistRta vizleSaNa kiyA gyaa| vAstava meM isameM adhika sthAna to pUrvapakSa aura uttarapakSa ne hI ghera liyA jisameM avAntara pakSoM aura viSayoM kA bhI yathAsthAna samAveza kara diyA gayA hai| isase lAbha yaha huA ki darzana ke mUlabhUta siddhAntoM se paricaya ho gayA / ve viSaya hai-AtmA ( brahma ) tathA adhyAsa /

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zAMkara-darzanam ( 9. brahma kI siddhi ke lie Agama pramANa ) navitthaMbhUte brahmaNi kiM pramANaM pratyakSamanumAnamAgamo vA ? na kadAcittatra pratyakSaM zrayate / atIndriyatvAt / nApyanumAnam / vyAptasya liGgasyAbhAvAt / nApyAgamaH / 'yato vAco nivartante' ( tai0 2 / 1 / 1 ) iti zrutyaivAgamagamyatvaniSedhAt / upamAnAdikamazakyazaGkam / niyataviSayatvAt tasmAd brahmaNi pramANaM na sambhavatIti cet- / 673 zaMkA- yaha pUchA jA sakatA hai ki uparyukta brahma ke lie pramANa kyA hai- pratyakSa, anumAna yA Agama ? kabhI bhI pratyakSa ko to pramANa nahIM hI mAna sakate, kyoMki brahma indriyAtIta hai [ aura pratyakSa kI prApti indriyoM kI pahu~cavAle padArthoM meM hI hotI hai ] / anumAna bhI nahIM laga sakatA, kyoMki [ brahma se ] vyApta kisI bhI liMga ( sAdhana ) kI sambhAvanA nahIM hai | Agama pramANa bhI nahIM lagegA, kyoMki 'jahAM se vANI lauTa AtI hai' ( 0 21111 ) Adi zruti ke dvArA hI, brahma Agama se jJeya hai, isakA niSedha kiyA gayA hai / upamAna Adi kI zaMkA taka nahIM kI jA sakatI, kyoMki inakA viSaya ( prayogakSetra, Jurisdiction ) bilkula sImita hai / isalie brahma ke lie koI bhI pramANa sambhava nahIM hai / maivaM vocaH / pratyakSAdyasambhave'pi Agamasya sattvAt / 'yato vAco nivartante iti vAggocaratvaniSedhAtkayametaditi cet -- zrutireva niSedhati vedAntavedyatvaM brahmaNaH zrutireva vidyate / na hi vedapratipAdite'rthe'nupapanne vaidikAnAM buddhiH khidyate / api tu tadupapAdanamArgameva vicArayati / tasmAdubhayamapi pratipAdanIyam / samAdhAna - aisA na kaheM / yadyapi [ brahma kI siddhi ke lie ] pratyakSAdi pramANa sambhava nahIM haiM kintu Agama ko to sattA hai| yadi Apa kaheM ki 'yato vAco nivartante' ( jahAM se vANI lauTa AtI hai ) isameM brahma ke vANI ke gocara ( vANI se jJeya, prakAzya ) hone kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, to hama uttara deMge ki zruti hI brahma ke vedAntoM ( upaniSadoM ) ke dvArA jJeya hone kA niSedha bhI karatI hai aura zruti hI vidhAna bhI karatI hai / [ parantu isase ghabarAnA nahIM hai / ] / veda meM pratipAdita artha jaba asiddha hotA hai taba usase vaidikoM kI buddhi khinna nahIM hotI, balki usa artha kI siddhi kA rAstA khojatI hai / isalie donoM prakAra kI zrutiyoM kA pratipAdana ( sAdhana ) karanA cAhie / viSayatvaniSedhakAni vAkyAni vAkyajanyavRttivyaktasphuraNalakSaNaphalA 43 sa0 saM0

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674 sarvadarzanasaMgrahesambhavavivakSayA pravRttAni / viSayatvabodhakAni tu vRttijnyaavrnnbhngglkssnnphlsmbhvvivkssyaa| taduktaM bhagavadbhiH6. anAdheyaphalatvena zrutebrahma na gocaraH / prameyaM pramitau tu syAdAtmAkArasamarpaNAt // iti / 7. na prakAzyaM pramANena prakAzo brahmaNaH svayam / tajjanyAvRtibhaGgatvAtprameyamiti gIyate // iti ca / [ aba sabhI prakAra ke zruti-vAkyoM meM ekavAkyatA kA pradarzana karane kA prayAsa karate haiM- ] zrutiyoM meM jo vAkya brahma ko jJAna kA viSaya nahI mAnate ve isa vicAra se pravRtta hue haiM ki una vAkyoM se utpanna vRtti ( jJAna ) se vyakta honevAlA sphuraNa ( jJAna meM apane AkAra kA samarpaNa ) rUpI phala prApta honA asambhava hai / dUsarI ora jo vAkya brahma ko jJAna kA viSaya mAnate haiM ve isa vicAra se pravRtta hote haiM ki ukta vRtti ( vAkyajanya jJAna ) se utpanna AvaraNa-bhaMga ( ajJAna-nAza ) rUpI phala prApta honA sambhava hai| jaba kisI prakAra kA jJAna hotA hai to usake do phala haiM-AvaraNabhaGga aura sphuraNa / prakriyA yaha hai ki antaHkaraNa buddhi ke rUpa meM Akara, apane antargata cidAbhAsa ko lekara kisI viSaya ko vyApta karatA hai / buddhi kI vyApti se ajJAna kA nAza ( AvaraNabhaGga ) hotA hai tathA cidAbhAsa kI vyApti se viSaya ( ghaTAdi ) kA sphuraNa ( prakAzana ) hotA hai| buddhi acetana hone ke kAraNa svayaM ghaTAdi kA prakAzana nahIM kara sakatI / ghaTAdi jJAna kI yahI vidhi hai / ' aba Upara kahA gayA hai ki zrutiyA~ brahma kI jJAnagocaratA kA vidhAna bhI karatI haiM, niSedha bhI, niSedha isalie karatI haiM ki sphUraNa arthAt jJAna meM brahma ke AkAra kA samarpaNa sambhava nahIM hai / ajJAna kA nAza hone para AtmA apane Apa sphurita hotI hai| yahI kAraNa hai, sphuraNa vAkya se utpanna jJAna kA phala nahIM ho sakatA / cidAbhAsa kI vyApti se AtmA kA sphuraNa nahIM hotaa| isalie 'yato vAco nivartante' Adi vAkya haiN| dUsarI ora, kucha vAkyoM meM brahma ko jJAnagocara mAnA gayA hai / vaha isalie ki jJAna kA pahalA phala jo ajJAnanAza hai, vaha to sambhava hai na ? ajJAna-nAza buddhi ko vyApti se hI hotI hai isalie usakI sambhAvanA meM koI Apatti nahIM / phalataH donoM prakAra kI zrutiyoM kA samanvaya ( Reconciliation ) hotA hai| ___ ise bar3e-bar3e AcAryoM ne kahA hai - 'brahma zruti kA viSaya isalie nahIM bana sakatA kyoMki [ brahma para sphuraNarUpI ] phala kA AropaNa ( utpAdana ) [ zruti ] nahIM kara sakatI / [brahA to svayaM sphurita hotA hai| zruti usa para sphuraNarUpI phala kA utpAdana 1. dekhiye-paMcadazI, (7.91 ) buddhi tatsthacidAbhAsau dvAvapi vyApnuto ghaTam / tatrAjJAnaM dhiyA nazyedAbhAsena ghaTa: sphuret //

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zAMkara-darzanam 675 nahIM kara sakatI / brahma ] prameya tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba vaha jJAna para apane AkAra kA samarpaNa kare / [ jaise ghaTa kA sphuraNa, cidAbhAsa ke dvArA, apane AkAra kA samarpaNa jJAna para karane se hotA hai, usa prakAra se brahma kA sphuraNa nahIM hotA / brahma ajJAna - nAza ke bAda svayaM prakAzita hotA hai / ] // 6 // 'brahma pramANa se prakAzita nahIM hotA kyoMki usakA prakAza apane Apa hotA hai / [ satya itanA hI hai ki pramANa se ] AvRti ( ajJAna, AvaraNa ) kA nAza hotA hai [ aura AvaraNabhaMga se brahma kA sphuraNa hotA hai ] isalie brahma prameya kahalAtA hai // 7 // - vizeSa - jisa sthAna para brahma ko jJeya kahA gayA hai vahA~ yaha samajheM ki ajJAna - nAza kI sambhAvanA kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki ajJAna - nAza bhI jJAna hI hai / jahA~ parabrahma ko ajJeya kahA gayA hai vahA~ yaha samajheM ki sphuraNa kI asambhAvanA kA dRSTikoNa hai / skuraNa jJAna kA antima phala hai / sphuraNa kI asambhAvanA kA artha hai ki kisI pramANa ke dvArA sphuraNa nahIM honA / vastusthiti ke anusAra brahma kA sphuraNa apane Apa hotA hai / isa prakAra zaMkarAcArya ne pANDitya kA pradarzana tathA apanI atula medhAzakti kA paricaya dete hue zruti para ApoSita brahmazAstrIya vipratipattiyoM kA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai / ( 9. ka. siddha artha kA bodhaka hone se veda apramANa - pUrvapakSa ) nanu syAdeSa manoratho yadi siddhe'rthe vedasya prAmANyaM sidhyet / saMgatigrahaNAyattatvAt prAmANyanizcayasya / saMgatigrahaNasya ca vRddhavyavahArAyattatvAt / vRddhavyavahArasya ca loke kAryaikaniyatatvAt / na hyasti sambhavaH zabdAnAM kArye'rthe saMgatigrahaH siddhArthAbhidhAyakatvaM tatra vA prAmANyamiti / na hi turaGgatve gRhItasaMgatikaM turaGgapadaM gotvamAcaSTe tatra vA prAmANyaM bhajate / tasmAtkArya gRhItasaMgatikAnAM zabdAnAM kArya eva prAmANyam / [ mImAMsakoM kI ora se zaMkA ho rahI hai ki ApakA ] yaha manoratha ( samanvaya karanevAlA ) tabhI pUrNa ho sakatA hai yadi siddha artha ( Established truth ) kA pratipAdana karane para bhI veda kI prAmANikatA siddha ho jAya / kAraNa yaha hai ki prAmANikatA kA nizcaya saMgati ( zabda aura artha kA sambandha ) ke grahaNa karane para nirbhara hai / [ jaba taka zabdArtha sambandha na samajheM taba taka kisI vAkya ko pramANa nahIM mAna sakate / ] saMgati kA grahaNa bhI vRddha vyavahAra para nirbhara karatA hai / laukika dRSTi se vRddha-vyavahAra ekamAtra kArya se hI sambaddha rahatA hai / [ kArya = jise karanA cAhie, kartavya / bAlaka pahale-pahala vRddhavyavahAra se hI zakti-grahaNa karatA hai / vyavahAra kA artha hai 'gAmAnaya' ( gAya lAo ) -- isa prakAra ke vidhivAkyoM ke sunane ke bAda jo gAya lAne ke rUpa meM pratIta hotA hai / gAya lAnA eka kArya hai kyoMki vidhi batalAnevAlA pratyaya ( loT ) usameM lagA hai, usake sunane se kartavya kI bhAvanA hotI hai / isa prakAra bAlaka kAryarUpI 'Anayana' ( Bringing ) ke

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676 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe sAtha nI-dhAtu kI saMgati kA grahaNa karatA hai / 'rAma ne rAvaNa ko mArA' yaha vAkya siddha hai ataH kisI vyavahAra kI pratIti isameM nahIM hogI / aise vAkyoM se bAlaka zaktigrahaNa nahIM kara sakatA / usI taraha jisa zabda se kArya kA bodha nahIM hotA tathA jo siddha artha kA pratipAdaka hai aise zabda se zaktigrahaNa nahIM hotA to ukta siddha artha meM prayukta prAmANika nahIM ho sakatA / isalie siddha brahma ke bodhaka 'satyaM jJAnamanantaM brahma' ( te0 2 / 1 / 1 ) ityAdi vAkyoM ko pramANa nahIM mAna sakate / ] kArya ( kartavya ) ke artha meM zabdoM kI saMgati kA grahaNa karanA sambhava nahIM hai isalie unheM siddha artha kA bodhaka nahIM mAna sakate aura na usa artha meM unheM prAmANika hI mAna sakate haiN| turaGgatva ke rUpa meM jisako saMgati kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai vaha turaGga ( ghor3A ) zabda gotva kA bodhaka nahIM ho sakatA aura na usa artha meM prAmANika hI mAnA jA sakatA / isalie yaha niSkarSa nikalA ki jina zabdoM kI saMgati kArya ke artha meM gRhIta ko gaI hai unakI prAmANikatA kArya ( sAdhya, kartavya ) ke rUpa meM hI hotI hai, [siddha artha meM nahIM / sAdhya artha saMketagraha hone se sAdhya artha hI prAmANika hogA / siddha artha meM saMketagraha hotA hI nahIM, ataH usameM prAmANikatA mAnanA ThIka nahIM / mImAMsaka kevala vidhivAkyoM ko, jinameM sAdhya kA nirdeza rahatA hai, prAmANika mAnate haiN| ] nanu mukhavikAsAdiliGgAd harSahetuM prasiddhArthamanumAya yatra zabdasya saMgatigraho yathA putraste jAta ityAdiSu, tatrAvazyaM kAryamantareNaiva zabdasya siddhe'rthe prAmANyamAzrIyata iti cet-na / putrajanmavadeva priyAsukhaprasavAderanekasya harSahetorupasthIyamAnatvena prishessaavdhaarnnaanupptteH| putraste jAta ityAdiSu siddhArthapareSu prayogeSu dvAraM dvAramityAdivatkAryAdhyAhAreNa prayogopapattezca / kahIM-kahIM siddha vAkya se bhI zaktigraha hotA hai, isa Azaya se zaMkA karate haiM-] aba koI yaha kaha sakatA hai ki jaise tumheM putra huA hai, isa prakAra ke vAkyoM meM mukha-vikAsa Adi sAdhanoM ko dekhakara harSa ke kAraNa kA, jo prasiddha tathya hai, anumAna karake jahA~ zabda kI saMgati kA grahaNa karate haiM vahA~ to kArya ( sAdhya, kartavya ) na rahane para bho, siddha artha meM zabda kI prAmANikatA mAnate haiM / [ zaMkA kA yaha Azaya hai-rAma ne mohana ko lakSya karake eka vAkya kahA ki tumheM putra huA hai| yaha vAkya kisI kartavya kA to nirdeza karatA nahIM hai, siddha vAkya hai / ise sunakara mohana kA mukha prasanna ho gyaa| isa liGga se rAma nizcaya karatA hai ki tumheM putra huA hai, isa vAkya kA artha hai-putra kA janma honaa| zabdoM kA artha rAma ko laga gayA-saMgati kA grahaNa ho gayA / aisA nahIM soceM ki kisI dUsare kAraNa se -jaise parIkSA meM prathama hone, naukarI pAne Adi se-rAma kA mukha prasanna

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sAMkara carzanam 677 hai, aisI dazA meM putra ke janma kA hI artha kese lete haiM ? aisI bAta nahIM hai, kyoMki rAma ne mohana kI bhAryA ko Asanna-prasavA ke rUpa meM dekhA thaa| isase usane 'putraste jAtaH' vAkya kA artha 'putrajanma' hI nizcita kiyaa| niSkarSa yaha nikalA ki siddha vAkyoM meM bhI zaktigraha hotA hai ataH ve bhI pramANa haiM / yaha vedAntiyoM kI ora se mImAMsakoM ko uttara diyA gayA hai|] [ aba mImAMsaka isa avAntara pakSa kA uttara de rahe haiN| ] aisI bAta nahIM hai / kAraNa yaha hai ki jisa prakAra putrajanma ko harSa kA kAraNa mAnakara [ 'putraste jAtaH' vAkya kA artha ] nizcaya karate haiM, usI prakAra patnI kA sukha se prasava honA Adi bhI [harSa ke kAraNa ho sakate haiM unheM haTAkara ] parizeSa ke niyama se [ putra ke janma kA ] nizcaya karanA sambhava nahIM hai / [ putrajanma ko harSa kA kAraNa tabhI mAnA jA sakatA hai jaba harSa ke dUsare kAraNa asambhava ho jAyaM tathA kevala putrajanma hI kAraNoM kI zRMkhalA meM bacA rahe / aisI bAta nahIM ki harSa ke prasava sambandhI hI dUsare kAraNa na hoM / kanyA utpanna hone para bhI sukha se prasava ho jAne para yA acche lagna meM prasava hone para bhI harSa ho sakatA hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki 'putraste jAtaH' bhI siddhavAkya nahIM hai| vaktA ke tAtparya se 'tuma jAno' isa vidhibodhaka zabda kA adhyAhAra kiyA jA sakatA hai|] 'putraste jAtaH' ityAdi siddha artha kA bodha karAnevAle prayogoM meM 'dvAraM dvAram' ( = dvAraM pidhehi, daravAjA lagAo ) ityAdi vAkyoM kI taraha kArya [ vidhibodhaka zabda ) kA adhyAhAra karake prayoga kI siddhi kI jA sakatI hai| [kisI vAkya meM vidhi mukhya hai, usake bodhaka padoM kA adhyAhAra karanA sarvathA ucita hai| tAtparya rahane para to vidhibodhaka padoM kA adhyAhAra karanA Avazyaka hI hai| aba vedAnta-vAkyoM para AropaNa hogA ki ve zAstra hI nahIM haiM zAstra meM vidhi aura niSedha do hI bAteM rahatI haiM-aisA karo, aisA mata kro|] zAstratvaprasiddhacA ca na vedAntAnAM siddhArthaparatvam / pravRttinivRttiparANAmeva vAkyAnAM shaastrtvprsiddhH| taduktaM bhaTTAcAryaH 8. pravattirvA nivRttirvA nityena kRtakena vA / puMsAM yenopadizyeta tacchAstramabhidhIyate // iti / jisa taraha zAstra kI prasiddhi hai usa taraha se to vedAnta-vAkyoM ko siddha artha se sambandha mAnanA hI nahIM caahie| jo vAkya pravRtti yA nivRtti kA upadeza karate haiM ve zAstra ke rUpa meM prasiddha hote haiM / ise kumArila bhaTTa ne kahA hai-'nitya ( veda ) yA kRtaka ( anitya sUtra Adi ) zabda ke dvArA puruSoM kI pravRtti yA nivRtti kA jo upadeza karatA hai vahI zAstra kahalAtA hai|' [ zAstra ke rUpa meM vedAnta-vAkyoM kI prasiddhi hai-isalie ve siddha artha arthAt brahma ke pratipAdaka nahIM ho sakate / yadi Apa kaheM ki siddha brahma kA

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678 sarvadarzanasaMgrahepratipAdana karate haiM, kyoMki 'satyaM jJAnamanantaM brahma' Adi vAkya isake sAkSI haiM, to phira ye vAkya zAstra hI nahIM haiM, kyoMki na to ina vAkyoM se pravRtti kA hI bodha hotA hai aura na nivRtti kA hii| isa prakAra Agama ko brahma ke pramANa ke rUpa meM rakhanA bhUla hai| ] na caiteSAM svarUpaparatve pryojnmsti| zrutavedAntArthasyApi puMsaH saaNsaarikdhrmaannaamnivtteH| tasmAdvedAntAnAmapyAtmA jJAtavya iti samAmnAtena vidhinaikavAkyatAmAzritya kAryaparatavAzrayaNIyeti siddham / tatazca kevalasiddharUpe brahmaNi vedAntAnAM prAmANyaM na sidhyatIti cet / [ pUrvapakSa kA upasaMhAra karate hue mImAMsaka kahate haiM ki ] ina vedAnta-vAkyoM kA [vidhi se sambandha na karane ke kAraNa ] apane rUpa ke bodha ke lie koI prayojana ( upayoga ) nahIM hai / vedAnta ( upaniSadoM ) ke vAkyoM kA artha suna lene ke bAda bhI puruSa se sAMsArika dharmoM kI nivRtti nahIM ho hotI hai| isalie vedAnta-vAkyoM meM bhI 'AtmA jJeya hai ( jAnanA cAhie )' isa prakAra ke samAmnAta ( kathita ) vidhi se ekavAkyatA dikhAkara una vAkyoM ko kArya ( kartavya, vidhi ) se hI sambandha mAnA jAya, [ siddha brahma kA pratipAdaka nahIM ] yaha siddha ho gayA / isalie niSkarSa yaha nikalA ki kevala siddha ( sAdhya nahIM ) ke rUpa meM brahma ke viSaya meM vedAnta-vAkya prAmANika nahIM ho sakate / (9 kha. siddha artha meM zabdoM kI vyutpatti-uttarapakSa ) atra pratividhIyate / na tAvatsiddhe vyutpttysiddhiH| prAgunnItayA nItyA 'putraste jAtaH' iti vAkyAtsiddhaparAdapi vyutpttisiddheH| na ca prishessaavdhaarnnaanuppttiH| priyAsukhaprasavAderapi sambhavAditi bhaNitavyam / putrapadAGkitapaTapradarzanavatpriyAsukhaprasavAdisUcakAbhAvAt / __ aba hama usakA pratyuttara dete haiN| pahale ( tAvat ) yaha samajheM ki siddha artha meM zabdoM kI vyuttati nahIM ho sakatI hai, yaha bAta nahIM hai| jisa niyama kA unnayana ( prakAzana ) pahale hI kiyA gayA hai, usI se 'putraste jAtaH' isa siddha vAkya se bhI vyutpatti kI siddhi hotI hai / yaha bhI nahIM socanA cAhie ki [ 'putraste jAtaH' kA artha karane meM ] parizeSa ke dvArA [ putrajanma kA artha ] nirNaya karanA sambhava nahIM hai| Apane isakA ( parizeSa kA nirNaya na ho sakane kA ) kAraNa batalAyA hai ki patnI ko sukha se prasava ho jAnA Adi bhI kAraNa ke rUpa meM sambhava ho sakate haiM / parantu yaha isalie sambhava nahIM hai kyoMki putra zabda se aMkita vastra kA pradarzana karanevAle [ saMdezavAhaka ] ke dvArA patnI ko sukha se prasava hone Adi kI sUcanA nahIM milatI / [ yaha kAraNa ekamAtra putrajanma meM hI kendrita hai / harSa kA kAraNa isIlie putrajanma hI hai / isake phalasvarUpa siddha vAkya se bhI zakti (vyutpatti)

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zAMkara-darzanam 679 kA grahaNa hotA hai / kahanA yaha hai ki mohana ne rAma ke putra kI utpatti kA pratyakSa anubhava kiyA / vaha putrazabda se yukta kuMkuma se aMkita paTa dikhalAnevAle sandezavAhaka ko lekara rAma ke pAsa gayA / yaha kisI ajJAta prathA kI ora nirdeza hai / mohana ne rAma se kahAbar3e bhAgyavAn ho rAma, tumheM putra huA hai| rAma to sunate hI harSa se bhara gayA / usake donoM ko praphulla ho gaye, A~kheM khila uThIM / mohana usake harSAtireka ko dekhakara anumAna karatA hai ke putra kI utpatti hI isake harSa kA kAraNa hai / yadyapi sukha se prasava bhI huA hai para vaha kevala hone se hI harSahetu nahIM ho sakatA / yadi aisA nahIM hotA to 'gAmAnaya' vAkya ko sunakara pravRtta honevAle vyakti kA chatrajUtA Adi dhAraNa karanA Adi vidyamAna hone se usameM bhI zaktigrahaNa ko jAtA / phalataH parizeSa kA niyama lagAnA sambhava hai jo kAraNoM kI zRGkhalA se putrajanma ko nikAlakara khar3A karatA hai tathA siddha vAkya meM bhI zaktigraha kI siddhi karatA hai / ] ------------------ putrajanmaiva tatsUcakamiti cet -- prathamapratItaputrajanmaparityAge kAraNAbhAvAt / putrajananasyaivAdhikAnandahetutvAcca / putrotpatti vipattibhyAM nAparaM sukhaduHkhayoH / iti vidyamAnatvAt / tathA cAcakathaccitsukhAcArya:9. dRSTacaitrasutotpattestatpadAGkitavAsasA / vArtAhAreNa yAtasya parizeSavinizviteH // ( citsukhI, pR0 88 ) iti / yadi Apa kaheM ki [ priyA ko sukha se prasava hone Adi kA ] sUcaka putra kA janma hI hai [ tathA isa AdhAra para dUsare kAraNoM kI sambhAvanA ho sakatI hai jo harSa ke kAraNa banakara zaktigraha meM bAdhA pahu~cA sakate haiM, to hamArA uttara hai ki aisI avasthA meM yaha mAnya hai ki putra kA janma to pahale pratIta ho cukA hai jise Apa kAraNa mAna rahe haiM - isI ke Upara dUsare kAraNa AdhArita haiM / dUsare kAraNoM ko tabhI svIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai jaba isa prathama pratIta honevAle kAraNa ko tyAga deM / kintu ] isa prathama pratIta honevAle ( harSakAraNa ) putrajanma ko tyAgakara [ dUsare kAraNoM ko mAnyatA dene kA ] koI kAraNa nahIM dikhalAI par3atA / [ putra kA janma na kevala sabase pahale pratIta hotA hai pratyuta ] vaha putrajanma hI sabase adhika Ananda kA kAraNa hotA hai / isakI puSTi ke lie yaha zlokArthaM vidyamAna hai'putra kI utpatti se bar3hakara na koI sukha hai aura usakI vipatti se bar3hakara koI duHkha bhI nahIM / ' aisA hI citsukhAcArya ne kahA hai- 'jisane caitra ke putra kI utpatti dekhI hai vaha ( devadIta ) putra zabda se aMkita vastra liye hue saMvAdavAhaka ke sAtha [ caitra ke pAsa | jAnA hai

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680 sarvadarzanasaMgraheisI se vaha [ putrajanma hI caitra ke harSa kA kAraNa-] isa parizeSa kA nizcaya kara letA hai / ' (citsukhI, pR0 88) / ___yaduktaM "siddhArthapareSu kAryAdhyAhAraH' iti tadayuktam / mukhyArthaviSayatayA siddhe'pi pryogsiddhaavdhyaahaaraanupptteH| yaduktaM 'zAstratvaprasiddhayA ca na svarUpaparatvam' iti tadapyayuktam / hitazAsanAdapi shaastrtvopptteH| na ca pryojnaabhaavH| zrutamatavedAntajanyAdvitIyAtmavijJAnAbhyAsena sNsaarnidaanaavidyaanivRttyuplkssitbrhmaatmtaalkssnnprmpurussaarthsiddhiH|| ___ Upara Apane pUrvapakSa se yaha jo kahA hai ki siddha artha kA pratipAdana karanevAle vAkyoM meM kArya (vidhibodhaka ) zabda adhyAhAra kareM, to yaha samIcIna nahIM hai / kAraNa yaha hai ki jo vAkya siddha artha kA pratipAdana karatA hai usameM bhI mukhya artha kI vAcakatA mAnakara prayoga kI siddhi kI jA sakatI hai [ = siddha vAkya bhI prayoga meM mukhyArtha kA bodha karA sakate haiM ], ata: adhyAhAra utpanna (Justified ) nahIM hai| ___Apane phira yaha kahA hai ki zAstra kI prasiddhi ke dRSTikoNa se [ ye vedAnta vAkya ] apane svarUpa yA artha kA pratipAdana taka karane meM asamartha haiM, yaha bhI asaMgata hai kyoMki [ ukta lakSaNa ke atirikta ] jo hita ( kalyANa ) kA zAsana ( pratipAdana ) karatA hai vaha bhI zAstra kahalAtA hai / isalie kalyANa ke sAdhaka brahma pratipAdaka vAkya zAstra haiN| ] Apa isakI tanika cintA na kareM ki [ svarUpa kA pratipAdana karane meM ] koI prayojana nahIM / vedAnta ke vAkyoM kA zravaNa aura manana kara lene para usase advitIya ( Monistic ) AtmA ke vijJAna kA abhyAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai / isake bAda vidyA ( jJAna ) kA udaya hone se saMsAra ke nidAna ( kAraNa ) avidyA kI nivRtti hotI hai tathA isI ke upalakSaNa ke rUpa meM brahmamaya ho jAnA parama puruSArtha ( Summum bonum ) hai jisakI prApti hotI hai / [ ataH zAstra-vAkmoM ke mukhyArtha-bodha kA upayoga to hai hii| ] na cAtra vidhiH sambhavati / vikalpAsahatvAt / tathA hi-ki zAbdajJAnaM vidheyaM kiM vA bhAvanAtmakamAhosvitsAkSAtkArarUpam ? nAdyaH / viditapadArthasaMgatikasyAdhItazabdanyAyatattvasyAntareNApi vidhi shbdaadevopptteH| nApi dvitiiyH| bhAvanAyA jJAnaprakarSahetubhAvasyAnvayavyatirekasiddhatayA prAptatvenAvidheyatvAt / aprAptaprApakasyaiva vidhitvaanggiikaaraat| yahA~ para (= brahma kA pratipAdana karanevAle vedAntavAkyoM meM) vidhi kI sambhAvanA hI nahIM hai kyoMki nIce diye vikaloM ko sahane kI zakti hI isameM nahIM hai| ve vikalpa haiMkyA zAbdajJAna ( sune gaye zabdoM se utpanna jJAna ) kA vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai yA bhAvanA kA vidhAna hotA hai yA sAkSAtkAra kA vidhAna karate haiM ?

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zAMkara-darzanam 681 pahalA vikalpa [ ki zAbdajJAna hI vidheya hai ] ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki jo zakti zabda aura usake artha kI saMgati ( sambandha ) jAna cukA hai tathA jisane zabdazAstra ( vyAkaraNa ) tathA nyAyatattva ( mImAMsAzAstra ) kA adhyayana samApta kara liyA hai vaha to vidhi ke binA bhI kevala sune gaye zabda se hI zAbdajJAna pA sakatA hai, [ isake pRthak vidhAna kI apekSA nahIM hai / ] dUsarA vikalpa [ ki bhAvanA vidheya hai ] bhI ThIka nahIM, kyoMki bhAvanA ( punaH punaH cintana karanA, nididhyAsana ) kAraNa hai jJAna ke prakarSa kA jisakI siddhi anvaya aura vyatireka se hotI hai / isalie apane Apa prApta hone ke kAraNa bhAvanA vidheya nahIM hai / Apa bhI use hI vidhi mAnate haiM jo aprApta vastu kI prApti karAye / [ abhiprAya yaha haiagni ke sannikarSa se zItapIr3A kI nivRtti hotI hai, usakA sannikarSa na hone se zItapIr3A nivRtta nahIM hotI / isa prakAra anvaya aura vyatireka se agni ke sannikarSa ko zIta ke vinAza kA kAraNa jAna lete haiM / use batAne ke lie aisA vidhAna ( Injunction ) nahIM dekhA jAtA ki zIta ke vinAza ke lie agni kA sevana karanA cAhie / jo kisI rUpa meM jJAta ho jAya use batAne ke lie vidhi nahIM hotI / vahI dazA jJAnaprakarSa ( kArya ) aura bhAvanA ( kAraNa ) kI hai| bhAvanA hone se jJAnAtizaya hotA hai, nahIM hone se jJAnAtizaya kA abhAva dekhate haiM / isa prakAra bhAvanA ko loga pahale se hI jAna lete haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki isake lie vidhi kI upekSA nahIM hai / vidhi ke binA bhI bhAvanA prApta hai / tRtIye sAkSAtkAraH kiM brahmasvarUpaH kiM vA'ntaHkaraNapariNAmabheda: ? nAdyaH / tasya nityatvenAvidheyatvAt / nApi dvitIyaH / AnandasAkSAtkArarUpatayA phalatvenAvidheyatvAt / tIsare vikalpa meM bhI prazna hai ki brahma ke svarUpa meM sAkSAtkAra vidheya hai yA mana ke pariNAma ke eka vizeSa bheda ke rUpa meM ? pahalA vikalpa isalie ThIka nahIM hai ki brahma kA svarUpa nitya hai ataH vaha vidhAna ke yogya nahIM hai / [ jisakA karanA sambhava hai vahI vidheya hotA hai / jisakI yA to sattA kabhI nahIM hotI ( jaise kharahe kI sIMga ) yA nitya rUpa se sat ho ( jaise brahma kA svarUpa ) ye donoM hI kabhI bhI karaNIya nahIM ho sakate / isalie inakA vidhAna sambhava nahIM / asat to kArakoM ke vyApAra ke bAda bhI sattA dhAraNa nahIM kara sakatA aura sat pahale se siddha rahane ke kAraNa kArakoM ke vyApAra kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA / ] dUsarA vikalpa bhI ThIka nahIM, kyoMki Ananda kA sAkSAtkAra to isakA phala hai ataH vaha vidheya nahIM / [ smaraNIya hai ki phala ko lakSya karake usake upAya kA vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai, jaise svarga ke uddezya se yAga kA vidhAna / svayaM phala kA hI vidhAna nahIM hotA hai | Ananda to antaHkaraNa kA pariNAma hai usakA sAkSAtkAra hI to phala hai jisake vidhAna kI apekSA nahIM hai / ]

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe tasmAjjJAtavya ityAdInAmavidhAyakatvAt 'arha kRtyatRcazca' ( pANi0 sU0 3 / 3 / 169 ) iti kRtyapratyayAnAmahArthe vidhAnAdarhArthataiva vyAkhyeyA / tathA ca sarveSAM vedAntavAkyAnAmupakramopasaMhArA diSavidhatAtparyopetatvAt 682 nityazuddhabuddhamuktasvabhAvabrahmAtmaparatvamAstheyam / isalie ' jJAtavya:' ityAdi zabda vidhAna karanevAle nahIM hai / pANini ne 'ahe kRtya - tRcazca' ( pA0 sU0 3 | 3 | 169 ) arthAt yogyatA ke artha meM kRtya aura tRc pratyaya bhI hote haiM - isa sUtra meM arha ( yogyatA ) ke artha meM kRtya pratyayoM ( tavyat, tavya, anIyara Nyat kyap ) kA vidhAna kiyA hai| ataH ina zabdoM kI arhatA yA yogyatA ke artha meM hI vyAkhyA karanI cAhie / [ phalataH jJAtavya kA artha hai jJAna ke yogya, draSTavya = dekhane ke yogya 1 ] isa prakAra cUMki sAre vedAntavAkya upakrama, upasaMhAra Adi chaha prakAra ke tAtparya - nirNAyaka liMgoM se yukta haiM, ataH ye sava-ke-saba nitya, zuddha, buddha aura mukta svabhAvavAle brahma yA AtmA kA hI pratipAdana karate haiM - aisA mAnanA cAhie / vizeSa- isa taraha jo prazna cala rahA thA ki brahma kI siddhi ke lie pramANa kyA hai, usakA samucita uttara de diyA gayA ki Agama hI brahma kI siddhi ke lie pramANa hai / eka rUpa se yahA~ isakI bhI vivecanA ho gaI ki zAstroM kA viSaya brahma hai / Upara kahA thA ki zAstra kA prayojana bhI hai, jo hai - adhyAsa kI nivRtti / aba usakI vivecanA kareMge | ( 10. adhyAsa kA nirUpaNa - prapaMca kA vivarta rUpa honA ) niSpradeze paramANau pradezavRttitvenAbhimatasya saMyogasya durupapAdanatayA tannibandhanasya dvayaNukasyAsiddhau dvayaNukAdikrameNa ArambhavAdAsambhavAdacetanAyAH prakRtermahadAdirUpeNa pariNAmavAdAsambhavAcca, khyAtibAdhAnyathAnupapattyAnirvacanIyaH prapazvazcidvivarta iti siddham / svarUpAparityAgena rUpAntarApattivivarta iti satyamithyAkhyAvabhAsa iti / avabhAso'dhyAsa iti paryAyaH / avayavoM meM vRtti hone para saMyoga utpanna hotA hai, ise sabhI mAnate haiM / yaha saMyoga avayavoM ( pradeza ) se rahita paramANu meM siddha karanA kaThina hai, isalie usa ( saMyoga ) para hI AdhArita ( nibandhana ) dvayaka kI bho siddhi nahIM ho sakatI / phalataH dvaNuka Adi ke krama se utpatti mAnanevAlA ArambhavAda ( nyAya-vaizeSika se sammata siddhAnta ) kI siddhi asambhava hai / isI prakAra acetana prakRti kI pariNati ( vikAsa ) mahat Adi tattvoM ke krama se mAnanevAlA pariNAmavAda ( sAMkhyamata ) bhI asambhava hai / [ ArambhavAda yA pariNAmavAda ke ayukta ho jAne para yaha saMsAra asat hI na mAna leM kyoMki isaka

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zAMkara-darzanam 683 pratIti hotI hai / aisA bhI na kareM ki prapaMca pratIta hotA hai ataH kisI taraha ina donoM siddhAntoM kA hI nirvAha karake, prapaMca satya hai, yahI mAna leM / kAraNa yaha hai ki jJAniyoM kI dRSTi se isa pratIti meM bAdha ( pratirodha ) utpanna hotA hai| yadi yaha saMsAra satya hotA to isako pratIti meM pratirodha nahIM hotaa| ] pratIti ke bAdha kI siddhi kisI bhI dUsare upAya se nahIM ho sakane ke kAraNa, vivaza hokara isa anirvacanIya ( Inexplicable ).prapaJca ko citra yA AtmA kA vivarta mAnate haiM yaha siddha huaa| [ anirvacanIya = jisakA bAdha jJAna se sambhava hai| ] apane rUpa kA parityAga kiye binA hI dUsare rUpa kA ApAdana karanA vivarta hai| ise satya aura mithyA nAma kA avabhAsa kahate haiM / [ AtmA satya hai tathA ahaMkAra Adi prapaMca mithyA / ahaMkArAdi anAtma-padArtha para AtmA ke svarUpa kA adhyAsa nahIM hotA balki AtmA ke saMsarga kA hI adhyAsa hotA hai / kintu AtmA para ahaMkAra Adi anAtma-padArtha jo mithyA haiM, unakA svarUpa bhI adhyasta hotA hai / sIpI meM rajata kA adhyAsa bhI aisA hI hai jisameM sIpI apane rUpa kA tyAga kiye binA hI rajata ke rUpa meM badala jAtI hai|] avabhAsa aura adhyAsa, ye donoM paryAya ( Synonym ) haiM / ( 10 ka. adhyAsa ke bheda-do prakAra se ) sa cAdhyAso dvividhaH-arthAdhyAso jJAnAdhyAsazceti / taduktam10. pramANadoSasaMskArajanmAnyasya praatmtaa| taddhIzcAdhyAsa iti hi dvayamiSTaM manISibhiH // iti / yaha adhyAsa do prakAra kA hai- arthAdhyAsa tathA jJAnAdhyAsa [ sIpI para mithyA rajata kA abhyAsa honA arthAdhyAsa hai / yaha vahI bhrama hai jisameM mithyA kA AdhAra koI padArtha rahatA hai / eka artha ( vastu ) kA dUsare para Aropa honA arthAdhyAsa ( Superimposition of objects ) hai / jaba mithyAjJAna kA AtmA para Aropa hotA hai taba use jJAnAdhyAsa ( Superimposition of knowledge ) kahate haiN| [ ise kahA gayA hai-'pramANa ( netra Adi ), doSa ( dUrI Adi ) tathA saMskAra ( rajata ke pUrvAnubhava se AtmA meM utpanna saMskAra ), ina tInoM se utpanna honevAlI, eka vastu kI jo dUsare rUpa meM pratIti hai; vaha tathA usakA jJAna-ye donoM adhyAsa haiM, yaha manISiyoM ko abhISTa hai // 10 // ' [prastuta sthala meM anyathA-pratIti ke tIna kAraNa diye gaye haiN| pramANa, doSa aura saMskAra se hI mithyAkhyAti hotI hai| ] punarapi dvividho'dhyAsaH / nirupAdhikasopAdhikabhedAt / tadapyuktam11. doSeNa karmaNA vApi kSobhitAjJAnasambhavaH / tatvavidyAvirodhI ca bhramo'yaM nirupAdhikaH //

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684 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe 12. upAdhisaMnidhiprAptakSomAvidyAvijRmmitam / upAdhyapagamApohyamAhuH sopAdhikaM bhramam / / iti / adhyAsa punaH do prakAra kA hai-- nirupAdhika aura sopaadhik| ise bhI kahA hai- 'doSa se yA karma se saMcAlita avidyA ( ajJAna ) se jo utpanna hotA hai tathA tattvajJAna kA virodhI hotA hai vaha bhrama nirupAdhika ( AtmA para ahaMkAra kA adhyAsa karanevAlA ) hai / [ 'idaM rajatam' vAkya meM idam kA aMza upahita nahIM huA hai / usa para rajata ke saMskAra ke sAtha vartamAna avidyA ke dvArA rajata kA adhyAsa hotA hai / usI prakAra avidyA ke dvArA hI anupahita citra rUpI AtmA para ahaMkAra kA abhyAsa hotA hai / ] // 11 // upAdhi ke sAmIpya se jaba avidyA meM kSobha ( saMcAlana; kriyA ) utpanna hotA hai taba usa avidyA se hI utpanna bhrama ko sopAdhika kahate haiM jo upAdhi ke vinAza se svayaM bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai / [ jaba ekAtmaka brahma para, usake upahita ho jAne para, jIva aura Izvara ke rUpa meM bheda kI pratIti ho to use sopAdhika bhrama kahate haiM / ] // 12 // ' tatra svarUpeNa kalpitAhamAdyadhyAso nirupAdhikaH / tadapyuktam13. nIlimeva viyatyeSA bhrAntyA brahmaNi saMsRtiH / ghaTavyomeva bhoktAyaM bhrAnto bhedena na svataH // iti / ata eva bhASyakAra: 'zuktikA rajatavadavabhAsata ekazcandraH sadvitIyavaditi' nidarzana dvayamudAjahAra / ziSTaM zAstra eva spaSTamiti vistarabhiyoparamyate / evaM ca dRgdRzyau dvAveva padArthAviti vedAntinAM siddhAnta iti sarvamavadAtam / * unameM svarUpa se kalpita 'aham' Adi kA [ AtmA para ] adhyAsa honA nirupAdhika hai / use bhI kahA hai- ' jisa prakAra AkAza meM nIlApana kA bhrama hai usI taraha bhrAnti se yaha saMsAra bhI brahma meM pratibhAsita hotA hai / [ AkAza satya hai nIlimA bhrama, vaise hI brahma satya hai prapazva bhrama ke kAraNa AkAza se bhinna ] ghaTa ke AkAza ko samajhate haiM vaise hI yaha bhoktA ( jIva ) [ apane ko brahma se ] bhinna samajhakara bhrAnta hotA hai jaba ki svarUpa se aisI bhinnatA nahIM hai / / 13 / / ' [ ukta zloka meM donoM prakAra ke adhyAsoM kA varNana hai / AtmA para ahaMkArAdi kA adhyAsa honA nirupAdhika bhrama hai / nirupAdhika bhrama use kahate haiM jo adhiSThAna ( AtmA ) ke jJAna se nivRtta ho jAya athavA jisakA nirUpaNa upAdhi ke nirUpaNa ke adhIna na ho / eka brahma meM jIva aura Izvara ke bheda kI pratIti honA sopAdhika adhyAsa hai / sopAdhika bhrama kI nivRtti adhiSThAna ke jJAna se nahIM hotI, kyoMki isameM hai / zaMkarAcArya ne lAte haiM / ] upAdhi lagI hai / brahmasUtra bhASya ke isakA nirUpaNa upAdhi ke nirUpaNa para AdhArita Arambha meM donoM ke udAharaNa diye haiM - ise bata

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zAMkara-darzanam 685 isIlie bhASyakAra ne do dRSTAntoM kA udAharaNa diyA hai-'sIpI cA~dI kI bhAMti pratIta hotI hai ( nirupAdhika ) aura eka candramA do candramAoM kI taraha dikhalAI par3atA hai ( sopAdhika ) / ' avaziSTa bAteM to zAstra meM hI spaSTa kI huI haiM, ataH vistAra hone ke bhaya se hama uparata hote haiM / isa prakAra vedAntiyoM kA siddhAnta hai ki dRk ( AtmA ) aura dRzya ( prapaJca ) ye do padArtha hI haiM, isa taraha saba kucha spaSTa hai| ( 11. adhyAsa kA mImAMsakoM ke dvArA khaNDana-lambA pUrvapakSa ) ___ atra prabhAkaraH-zuktikA rajatavadavabhAsata iti dRSTAnto neSTaH / rajatapratyayasya zuktikAlambanatvAnupapatteH / tathA hi-idaM rajatamiti pratItau zuktarAlambanatvaM purodezasattAmAtreNAvalambyate, kAraNatvena, bhAsamAnatvena vA ? nAdyaH / purovartinAM loSTAdInAmapyAlambanatvaprasaGgAt / - isa prasaMga meM prabhAkara kA kahanA hai ki sopI rajata ke rUpa meM pratIta hotI hai, zaMkarAcArya kA yaha dRSTAnta ThIka nahIM hai| rajata kA jJAna sIpI ke viSaya meM ho jAya, aisA sambhava nahIM hai| [ paTa ke viSaya meM kabhI bhI ghaTa kA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA hai / jo viSaya hai usI kA jJAna hogA, dUsare kA nhiiN| ] ise isa rUpa meM dekheM-'idaM rajatam' isa pratIti meM [ cAMdI ke jJAna ko ] sIpI ke viSaya meM kyoM mAnate haiM ? kyA usakI sattA sAmane hai isIlie yA vaha sIpI kAraNa ke rUpa meM hai isalie yA kevala pratIta hotI hai isalie ? (1) yadi Apa prathama vikalpa ke anusAra [ cAMdI ke jJAna ko sIpI-viSayaka isalie mAnate haiM, ki sIpI ko sattA hI sAmane haiM to yaha kalpa] ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki taba to patthara Adi ko bhI jo sAmane par3e haiM, viSaya ( Alambana ) banAyA jA sakatA hai| [ sAmane kevala sIpI hI to nahIM hai jisako pratIti cAMdI ke rUpa meM ho jAyagI / patthara, miTTI Adi sAre padArtha sAmane par3e haiN| inheM rajatajJAna kA viSaya kyoM nahIM banAte ? isase patA lagatA hai ki sopI viSaya ho aura pratIti rajata kI ho, yaha kabhI bhI sambhava nhiiN| aba dUsare pakSa ko uThAte haiN|] vizeSa--yahAM se akhyAtivAdI mImAMsakoM kA mata diyA jA rahA hai| ise saMkSepa meM samajha leM / sopI meM jo 'idaM rajatam' kA jJAna hotA hai yaha bhrama nahIM, balki yathArtha jJAna hai / vastutaH isameM do jJAna haiM / idam' pratyakSajJAna hai aura 'rajatam' smaraNAtmaka jJAna hai jo pahale se dekhe gaye rajata ke saMskAra ke udbodha ke kAraNa hotA hai / 'idam' ( yaha ) ke dvArA sAmane vartamAna dravyamAtra kA bodha hotA hai / doSa ke kAraNa usameM avasthita sopI kA grahaNa nahIM hotA / to dravyamAtra kA grahaNa ho jAne para, rajata ke sAdRzya ke kAraNa, usake saMskAra kA udbodha karake, vaha dravya rajata kI smRti ko utpanna kara detA hai| yaha smRti grahaNa kA svabhAva liye hue rahatI hai / doSa ke kAraNa kevala grahaNa meM hI avasthita rahatI hai| isa

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686 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe prakAra pratyakSAtmaka tathA smaraNAtmaka donoM jJAnoM meM viSaya yA svarUpa kI dRSTi se bhedagrahaNa na kara sakane ke kAraNa, ye donoM jJAna, vAstava meM bhinna rahane para bhI, 'idaM rajatam' vAkya meM abheda kA vyavahAra calAte haiM / cA~dI kA icchuka vyakti vahA~ isalie pravRtta hotA hai ki 'yaha cA~dI nahIM hai' isa rUpa meM bheda kA jJAna use nahIM hai / yahI akhyAtivAda hai / atha kaladhautabodhakaraNasaMskA rodbodhakA raNatvena taddvArA rajatajJAnakAraNatvAdAlambanatvaM manyase tadapi na saMgacchate / cakSurAdInAmapi kAraNatvena viSayatvApAtAt / atha bhAsamAnatayA viSayatvamiSyate, tadapyazliSTam / rajatanirbhAsasya zuktikAlambanatvAnupapatteH / yasminvijJAne yadavabhAsate tattadAlambanam / atra ca kaladhautAnubhavaH zuktikAlambanatvakalpanAyAM virudhyate / ( 2 ) aba yadi Apa yaha kaheM ki cA~dI ( kaladhauta ) kA bodha karAnevAle saMskAra ke jAga jAne ke kAraNasvarUpa usake dvArA ho rajata ke jJAna kA kAraNa hone se sIpI ko hama viSaya mAnate haiM to yaha mata bhI saMgata nahIM hai / [ rajata ke jJAna ke ] kAraNa to cakSu Adi bhI ho sakate haiM, to kyA Apa unheM bhI viSaya mAnane ko taiyAra haiM ? [ rajata kA smaraNAtmaka jJAna usake saMskAra ke udbodha se utpanna hotA hai| sIpI cUMki ukta saMskAra ko jagAtI hai isalie rajatajJAna kA kAraNa sIpI hai - sIpI viSaya hai aura rajata kA jJAna hotA hai / parantu yadi kAraNoM ko viSaya mAnate caleM to rajatajJAna ke viSayoM kA pahAr3a khar3A ho jAyagA -netra Adi bhI to kAraNa haiM / ] ( 3 ) aba yadi yaha kaheM ki pratIta hotI hai isIlie use viSaya mAnate haiM to yaha bhI yuktisaMgata nahIM hai / cA~dI kI pratIti sIpI para nirbhara kare, yaha sambhava nahIM / jisake jJAna meM jo pratIta hotA hai vahI usakA viSaya ( Alambana ) hai / yahA~ yadi sopI ko viSaya mAnakara cA~dI kA anubhava kareM to yaha niyama ke viruddha hogA / [ sIpI ko viSaya mAneMge to sIpI kA hI anubhava hogA, cAMdI kA nahIM / phalataH sIpI ko viSaya mAnane para cAMdI kI anubhUti nahIM hogI - yaha nizcita huA / ] tathA cAcakathannyAyavIthyAM zAlikanAthaH14. atra brUmo ya evArtho yasyAM saMvidi bhAsate / vedyaH sa eva nAnyaddhi vedyAvedyatvalakSaNam // 15. idaM rajatamityatra rajataM tvavabhAsate / tadeva tena vedyaM syAnna tu zuktiravedanAt // 16. tenAnyasyAnyathA bhAsaH pratItyaiva parAhataH / anyasminbhAsamAne hi na paraM bhAsate yataH // ( prakaraNa pa0 4 / 23 - 25 ) iti / --

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zAMkara-darzanam ise nyAyavIthI ( = prakaraNapaJcikA kA caturtha prakaraNa -- prabhAkaramata ke anusAra grantha ) meM zAlikanAtha ( mImAMsaka, samaya - 790 I0, kRtiyA~ - zAbarabhASya-vyAkhyA, prakaraNapaJcikA ) ne kahA hai- 'hama yahA~ kahate haiM ki jisa vijJAna meM jo padArtha pratIta hotA hai vahI usa jJAna kA viSaya ( arthAt vedya ) hotA hai / vedya yA avedya hone kA lakSaNa kisI dUsare meM nahIM hotA hai // 14 // 'yaha cAMdI hai' isameM cAMdI kI hI pratIti hotI hai / ataH isa pratIti kA viSaya cA~dI hI bana sakatI hai sIpI nahIM, kyoMki sIpI kI pratIti to nahIM ho rahI hai // 15 // isa prakAra eka padArtha kA dUsare rUpa meM pratIta honA usa pratIti (jJAna) ke dvArA hI khaNDita ho gayA, kyoMki jaba eka padArtha bhAsita ( pratIta ) ho rahA hai taba dUsarA padArtha bhI bhAsita nahIM ho sakatA || 16 || ( prakaraNapaJcikA 4 / 23-25 ) / vizeSa - ina sabhI zlokoM kA mukhya artha yahI hai ki jisakI pratIti hotI hai, vahI viSaya hai / ghaTa kI pratIti ho rahI hai to jJeya ghaTa hI hai, paTa nahIM / cAMdI kI pratIti hone para viSaya bhI cAMdI hI hai, sIpI nahIM / yadi sIpI kI pratIti ho to bhale hI sIpI ko viSaya mAna sakate haiM | 687 ( 11 ka. mithyAjJAna ke lie kAraNa sAmagrI kA abhAva ) kiM ca mithyAjJAnotpattau sAmagrI na samasti / kiM kevalAnIndriyAdIni doSadUSitAni vA ? nAdyaH / teSAM samIcInajJAnajananasAmarthyopalambhAt / anyathA samIcInaM rajatajJAnaM na kadAcidudayamAsAdayet / na dvitIyaH / doSANAmatsagika kAryaprasavazaktipratibandhamAtraprabhAvatvAt / isake atirikta yaha bhI bAta hai ki mithyAjJAna kI utpatti ke lie kAraNa sAmagrI bhI nahIM hai / prazna hai ki kyA ekamAtra indriyA~ hI kAraNa haiM yA doSoM se dUSita indriyA~ kAraNa haiM ? pahalA vikalpa to ThIka nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki indriyoM meM samyak ( Correct ) jJAna utpanna karane kI sAmarthya dekhI jAtI hai / yadi aisA nahIM hotA to cAMdI kA ThIka jJAna kabhI utpanna ho hI nahIM sakatA thA / dUsarA vikalpa bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki doSa kAryotpAdana kI svAbhAvika ( autsafre ) zakti kA hI pratibandha bhara kara sakate haiM, [ usameM kisI apUrva zakti kA utpAdana nahIM kara sakate / ] na hi duSTaM kuTajabIjaM vaTAGkuraM janayitumISTe / na vA tailakaluSitaM zAlibIjamazAlyaGkurajananAyAlam / kiM tu svakAryaM na karoti / nanu dAvadahanadagdhasya vetrabIjasya kadalIkANDajanakatvaM dRSTamiti cettanna sthAne / dagdhasyAvetrabIjatvena doSANAM viparItakAryakAritvaM pratyanudAharaNAt /

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688 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe [ aba apane kathana kI puSTi ke lie dRSTAnta dete haiM-] doSa se dUSita kevar3e kA bIja bar3a ke per3a kA aMkura nahIM utpanna kara sakatA athavA tela se kaluSita dhAna kA bIja dhAna se bhinna kisI paudhe ke aMkura kA utpAdana karane meM samartha nahIM hai| [ dUsare ke aMkura kA utpAdana to dUra rahA ] vaha apanA kArya bhI nahIM krtaa| [ phala yaha huA ki doSayukta hone se bho indriyAM mithyAjJAna kA utpAdana nahIM kara sakatIM / doSoM ke rahane se jJAnotpAdana kA kArya banda ho sakatA hai / aisA nahIM ki eka jJAna ko chipAkara dUsarA mithyAjJAna ye doSa utpanna kara deN|] aba eka zaMkA hai ki dAvAgni se jale hue beMta ke bIja meM kele kA kANDa (dhar3a) utpanna karane kI zakti dekhI jAtI hai usakA kyA utara deMge ? vAstava meM yaha zaMkA yuktiyukta nahIM hai / kAraNa yaha hai ki jala jAne para to vaha beMta kA bIja rahA nahIM (beMta kA utpAdana karane kI sAmarthya usameM rahI nhiiN)| isalie 'doSa viparIta kArya utpanna karAne kI zakti rakhate haiM'-isakA udAharaNa to huA hI nhiiN| [ bAta yaha hai ki doSoM ke kAraNa viparIta kArya-jaise sIpI meM rajata kA jJAna utpanna karane ke jaisA kArya-utpanna hone kA udAharaNa tabhI sambhava thA jaba jale hue beMta ke bIja meM beMta ko utpanna karane kI sAmarthya rahatI, phira bhI vaha beMta utpanna na karake kele kI dhar3a utpanna krtaa|] na ca bhasmakadoSadUSitasya kaukSayasyAzuzukSaNeH bahvannapacanasAmayaM dRSTamityeSTavyam / azitapItAdyAhArapariNatI jATharasya jAtavedasaH zaktatvAt / taduktam 17. ayathArthasya bodhasya notpattAvasti kAraNam / doSAzcenna hi doSANAM kAryazaktivighAtatA // 18. bhasmakAdiSu kAryasya vidhAtAdeva dosstaa| agnehi rasaniSpattiH kArya jaTharavartinaH // (prakaraNa pa0 4 / 73-74 ) iti / [ Apa apane kathana ko puSTi ke lie ] yaha udAharaNa bhI nahIM de sakate ki bhasmakadoSa ( adhika anna pacAnevAlA roga) se dUSita hone para jaTharAgni ( kaukSeyaka = jaTharasambandhI, kukSi = peTa, AzuzukSaNi = agni ) meM bahuta adhika anna pacAne kI zakti dekhI jAtI hai ( arthAt dUSita agni meM anna pacAne kI sAmarthya hai ) khAye-pIye gaye AhAra kI pariNati, (paripAka, raktAdi kA nirmANa meM jaTharAgni apane Apa hI samartha hotI hai| [ AhAra adhika ho jAne se agni meM jo mandatA utpanna hotI hai use bhasmaka-roga roka detA hai, mandatA Ane nahIM detA / kintu sAtha-sAtha raktAdi rasoM ke nirmANa meM bhI pratibandha laga jAtA hai|]

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zAMkara-darzanam 689 ise kahA gayA hai - 'ayathArtha ( mithyA ) jJAna ( jaise sIpI meM cAMdI kA jJAna ) kI utpatti ke lie koI kAraNa hI nahIM milatA / yadi doSoM ko kAraNa mAneM to yaha yukta nahIM, kyoMki ve doSa kAryotpAdana kI zakti meM kevala pratibandha kara sakate haiM [ apUrva zakti kA utpAdana nahIM / ] // 17 // bhasmaka Adi rogoM kA jo Apa doSa mAnate haiM vaha kevala isalie ki ve [ rudhirotpAdana rUpI ] kArya ke pratibandhaka haiM, kyoMki jaTharavartI agni kA rasaniSpAdana karanA to svAbhAvika kArya hI hai // 18 // ' ( prakaraNapacikA 4 / 73-74 ) | ( 11 kha. asat artha kA jJAna nahIM hotA ) api cAsatyapyarthe jJAnaprAdurbhAvAbhyupagame samIcInasthale'pi jJAnAnAM svagocaravyabhicArazaGkA'Gkurasambhavena niraGkuzo vyavahAro lupyate / tadAha 19. yadi cArthaM parityajya kAcid buddhiH prakAzate / vyabhicAravati svArthe kathaM vizvAsakAraNam // ( praka0 pa0 4 / 66 ) iti / isake atirikta yaha Apatti bhI hogI ki yaha Apa asat yA avidyamAna vastu ke viSaya meM jJAna kI utpatti mAneMge ( = cAMdI ke na rahane para bhI cAMdI kA jJAna mAneMge ) to jahA~ ThIka ( Correct ) jJAna hotA hai usa sthala meM bhI jJAna apane viSaya ( gocara ) se vyabhicarita hone lagegA ( arthAt viSaya na rahane para bhI jJAna kI utpatti hone lagegI ) se aisI zaMkA ke aMkuroM ke utpanna hone se saMsAra meM niraMkuza ( niHzaMka ) vyavahAra kA bilkula abhAva hI ho jAyagA / [ yaha abhiprAya hai ki yaha pramANa mAne jAnevAle vyakti bhI cAMdI dikhAkara kaheM ki yaha cAMdI hai to zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki yaha AptajJAna kabhI viSayAbhAva meM bhI to ho sakatA hai / phalataH cAMdI kA nizcaya na ho sakane se usakI ora logoM kI pravRtti hI nahIM hogI / sArA jJAna zaMkAyukta ho jAyagA aura sabhI vyavahAra naSTa ho jAyeMge / parantu vastusthiti kucha dUsarI hI hai / sabhI vyavahAra nizcita jJAna ke bAda hI hote haiM / ise kahA hai- 'yadi koI jJAna vastu kI apekSA rakhe binA hI prakAzita ho to vaha jJAna jaba apane viSaya ko lekara hI vyabhicarita ( Inconsistent ) hotA hai to kaise vizvasanIya ho sakatA hai ?' [ cA~dI na hone para bhI yadi usakA jJAna ho jAya to vaha vyabhicArI hai, niyama kA pAlana nahIM karatA -- jJAna kisI / vaha viSaya-vihIna jJAna apane viSayarUpa padArtha kI niSkarSa yaha nikalA ki avidyamAna rajata pratyakSa jJAna kA viSaya nahIM hai, vaha vastutaH smaraNa jJAna hai | ataH 'idaM rajatam' meM pratyakSa aura smaraNa ina donoM jJAnoM ko svIkAra kareMyaha mImAMsakoM kA sujhAva aura mAnyatA hai / ] viSaya kA hI hotA hai yaha niyama sattA kA bodha kaise karAyegA ? 44 sa0 saM0

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690 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe( 11 ga. grahaNa aura smaraNa kA vizleSaNa ) nanu rajatagocarekaviziSTajJAnAnaGgIkAre viziSTavyavahAro na sidhyet / atastatsiddhaye'pi viparyayo'GgIkArya iti cenn| idaM rajatamiti grahaNasmaraNAbhidhasya bodhadvayasya vyavahArakAraNatvAGgIkArAt / yadyavamidaM zuktikAzakalaM tadrajatamityato'pi viziSTavyavahAraH syAditi / tnn| ____ aba ye vedAntI kaha sakate haiM ki jaba taka Apa rajata ke viSaya meM yaha viziSTa (pratyakSa ) jJAna nahIM svIkAra karate, taba taka [ 'idaM rajatam' ke rUpa meM ApakA ] yaha viziSTa vyavahAra siddha nahIM hone kA hai / [ abhiprAya yaha hai ki ukta vAkya kA prayoga tabhI saphala hogA jaba usakA prayoga karanevAle vyakti ko kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM rajata kA pratyakSa ho rahA hai / binA rajata-pratyakSa ke kauna mUrkha 'idaM rajatam' kahegA ? kintu vastutaH to rajata vahA~ hai nahIM ] isalie usakI siddhi ke lie bhI viparyaya (mithyAjJAna, bhrama ) Apako mAnanA hI pdd'egaa| hamArA uttara hai ki aisI bAta nahIM / ukta vyavahAra ('idaM rajatam' vAkya kA vyavahAra ) kA kAraNa hama 'idaM rajatam' meM vidyamAna grahaNa ( pratyakSa-'idaM' zabda meM ) tathA smaraNa ( 'rajatam' meM ) ina do jJAnoM ko mAnate haiN| [aba vedAntI eka Apatti isa uttara para bhI karate haiM-] yadi aisI bAta hotI [ki do prakAra ke jJAnoM se 'idaM rajatam' kA vyavahAra calatA hai ] to 'yaha sIpI kA Tukar3A hai, vaha cA~dI hai' isa taraha ke vAkyoM se bhI viziSTa vyavahAra hone lgtaa| [ sthiti yaha hai ki jahAM vAstava meM do jJAna hote haiM jaise sIpI kA jJAna sIpI ke rUpa meM aura usake AdhAra para hI cA~dI kA smaraNa, vahA~ jJAnoM ke pArthakya ke kAraNa 'idaM rajatam' ke rUpa meM viziSTa vyavahAra nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki isa vAkya se jJAna kI ekatA prakaTa hotI hai / yadi do jJAnoM ko ukta vyavahAra kA kAraNa mAnate haiM to 'idaM rajatam' tathA 'idaM zuktikAzakalaM, tadrajatam' ina donoM vyavahAroM meM koI antaraM nahIM raha jAyegA ! para svayaM vicAra kareM, kitanA antara donoM meM hai ?] mImAMsaka kahate haiM ki aisI bAta nahIM hai / [ isakA kAraNa Age ke lambe vAkya meM de rahe haiN|] tatredamiti purovatidravyamAtragrahaNasya doSadUSitacakSurjanyatvenAnAkalitazuktitvAdivizeSitasya sAmAnyamAtragrahaNarUpatvAd, rajatamiti jJAnasyAsaMnihitaviSayasya saMyogaliGgAdyaprasUtatayA sadazAvabodhitasaMskAramAtraprabhavatvena parizeSaprAptasmRtibhAvasya doSahetukatayA gRhIta-tattAMzapramoSAd grhnnmaatrtvopptteH|

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zAMkara-varzanam 691 usa (vAkya) meM 'idam' zabda sAmane meM vidyamAna kevala dravya kA hI grahaNa karatA hai ( kauna dravya hai - yaha patA nahIM, kevala 'kucha dravya hai' yahI grahaNa huA hai ) / doSayukta A~khoM se usakA pratyakSa hone ke kAraNa ukta jJAna ( dravya grahaNa ) meM zuktitva Adi vizeSaNoM ( Particulars ) kA grahaNa nahIM ho sakA ( = yaha nahIM jAna sake ki jisa dravya ko dekhA hai vaha sIpI hai ) / ata: [ 'idam' ke dvArA sIpI kA ] grahaNa sAmAnya rUpa se kiyA gayA hai / " 'rajatam' zabda [ kA prayoga sUcita karatA hai ki usake ] jJAna kA viSaya ( cA~dI ) samakSa meM nahIM hai / yaha ( rajatajJAna ) na to saMprayoga ( viSayendriyasaMnikarSa arthAt pratyakSa ) se utpanna ho sakatA hai, na liMga ( sAdhana arthAt anumAna ) se aura na kisI dUsare pramANa se hI / sadRza vastu ko dekhane se jo saMskAra jagA hai, usI se yaha ( rajatajJAna ) utpanna huA hai isalie parizeSa ( anta meM bace hue hone ) ke kAraNa use hama smaraNAtmaka jJAna mAnate haiM / [ smRti kA kAraNa yaha hai ki rajata ke sadRza vastu ko dekhane se rajata kA jo saMskAra mAnasa paTala para baiThA hai vaha jAgRta ho jAtA hai / kevala isI se rajata kA jJAna utpanna hotA hai / ] doSa ke kAraNa, usa zabda meM jo rajata kA tattvAMza liyA gayA hai use tyAga denA ( pramoSa ) par3atA hai jisase usakI ( rajatajJAna kI ) siddhi kevala grahaNa ( Apprehesion ) ke rUpa meM hI ho sakatI hai / [ rajatajJAna se koI kAma nahIM liyA jA sakatA kyoMki yaha jJAna doSa se yukta hai / ata: usakI upayogitA kevala grahaNa ke artha meM hI hai| jJAna huA hai para upayoga nahIM / ] tadapyuktam -- 20. nanvatra rajatAbhAsaH kathameSa ghaTiSyate / ucyate zuktizakalaM gRhItaM bhedavajitam // 21. zuktikAyA vizeSA ye rajatAdbhadahetavaH / te na jJAtA abhibhavAjjJAtA sAmAnyarUpatA // 22. anantaraM ca rajatasmatirjAtA tayA'pi ca / manodoSAttadityaMzaparAmarzavivarjitam // 23. rajataM viSayIkRtya naiva zuktevivecitam / smRtyAto rajatAbhAsa upapanno bhaviSyati / / ( praka0 pa0 4 / 26-29 ) ise bhI [ zAlikanAtha ne ] kahA hai- prazna - [ yaha to kahiye ki [ rajata ke abhAva meM ] yaha rajatajJAna utpanna honA kaise sambhava hai ? uttara - batalAte haiM, sIpI ke 1. tulanA kareM - nirukta - 111, 'adaH iti sattvAnAmupadeza:' ( 'yaha, vaha' Adi zabdoM se vastuoM kA sAmAnyarUpa meM grahaNa hotA hai /

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692 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe Tukar3e kA grahaNa bhedoM (vizeSoM, Particulars ) se rahita hokara kiyA jAtA hai // 20 // sIpI meM jo vizeSa guNa haiM jinase usakA pArthakya rajata se spaSTa rUpa meM jAnA jA sakatA hai, ve abhibhUta ( Overruled ) hone ke kAraNa jJAta nahIM hote / [ indriyoM kA doSa itanA prabala ho jAtA hai ki vaha sIpI ke guNoM ko prakaTa hone detA hI nahIM-jisase na to hama sIpI kA sIpI ke rUpa meM jJAna kara sakate aura na hI sIpI aura cAMdI kA bheda kara sakate / 'idaM rajatam' ke vyavahAra ke samaya itanA hI patA rahatA hai, idaM = koI dravya jisake vizeSa guNa ajJAta haiM / ] to, usa samaya dravya kI sAmAnya rUpatA hI jJAta hotI hai // 21 // 'usake bAda rajata kI smRti utpanna hotI hai / usa smRti se bhI, mAnasika doSa ke kAraNa tattvAMza ke jJAna ( parAmarza ) se zUnya tathA sIpI se vivecita ( alaga kiye gaye ), rajata ko viSaya nahIM banAyA jAtA-isa prakAra rajatajJAna kI siddhi kI jaaygii| [ donoM zloMkoM kA anvaya eka sAtha hI hai tayApi smRtyA mano....... vivarjitaM zuktevivecitaM rajataM naiva viSayIkRtya ( vyavasthApitam )1] // 22-23 // prakaraNapaJcikA, 4 / 26-29) / 24. na hyasaMnihitaM tAvatpratyakSaM rajataM bhavet / liGgAdyabhAvAccAnyasya pramANasya na gocrH|| 25. parizeSAtsmRtiriti nizcayo jAyate punH| (praka0 50 4 / 31-32) iti / ___'pahale to yahI dekheM ki rajata sAmane meM hai nahIM, ataH vaha pratyakSa nahIM ho sktaa| liMga ( Middle term ) Adi na hone se vaha anya pramANoM ( anumAna Adi ) kA viSaya bhI nahIM bana sakatA // 24 // isalie parizeSataH (aura koI sAdhana nahIM hone ke kAraNa anta meM ) yahI nizcaya karanA par3atA hai ki rajatajJAna smRti hI hai // 25 // ' ( prakaraNapaJcikA, 4 / 31-32 ) / vizeSa--isa prakAra grahaNa aura smaraNa se 'idaM rajatam' kI siddhi kI gaI / aba isa pakSa para vedAntI punaH prahAra karane kA vicAra kara rahe haiN| ( 11 gha. grahaNa aura smaraNa meM abheda yA sArUpya ). nanu kimidamekakaM vyavahArakAraNamuta saMbhUya ? na prthmH| dezabhedena pravRttisaGgAt / na caramaH / prayatnAyogapadyAjjJAnAyogapadyAt-(vai0 sU0 3 / 2 / 3 ) ityAdinA jJAnayogapadyaniSedhAt / ato jJAnadvayaM heturityayuktaM vaca iti cet-mavaM vocaH / avinazyatoH sahAvasthAnaniSedhe'pi vinazyadavinazyatoH sahAvasthAnasyAniSiddhatvena nirntrotpnnyostdupptteH|

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zAMkara-parzadam 693 [ vedAntI hamAre para AkSepa karate haiM-] acchA, yaha to batalAiye ki ApakA yaha ( grahaNa aura smaraNa ) donoM pRthak-pRthak [ 'idaM rajatam' ke ] vyavahAra kA kAraNa hai yA donoM milakara eka hI sAtha ? inameM pahalA vikalpa sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki usa sthiti meM deza ( Place ) ke bheda se bhI pravRtti hone lgegii| [ 'idam' kA pratyakSa huA hai to usakI pravRtti vaise hI padArtha kI ora hogI / smaraNa se utpanna honevAlI pravRtti niyamataH vaisI hI nahIM hotI / dUsare eka-eka prakAra ke jJAna se hI pravRtti hone kA prasaGga ho jaaygaa| zravRttibheda ho jaaygaa|] dUsarA vikalpa bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki [ kaNAda ne yaha likhakara ki ] 'prayatna eka hI sAtha na ho sakane se tathA jJAnoM kI utpatti eka sAtha na hone ke kAraNa [ mana eka hI hai ]'-(ve0 sU0 3 / 2 / 3), jJAnoM ke eka sAtha na hone kA niSedha kiyA hai| [ kaNAda ke vaizeSika darzana meM sUtra isa rUpa meM hai-prayatnAyogapadyAjjJAnAyogapadyAccakam / isameM kahA gayA hai ki eka zarIra meM mana eka hI rahatA hai| yadi eka hI zarIra meM kaI mana hote to bahuta se prayatna yA jJAna sAtha-sAtha hone lagate / do vibhinna avayava eka dUsare se viruddha prayala eka hI sAtha utpanna karate / usI taraha do indriyoM se do jJAna eka hI sAtha utpanna ho sakate / lekina aisA hotA kahAM hai ? isalie zarIra meM eka hI mana siddha hotA hai| hamArA tAtparya isa sUtra se itanA hI hai ki do jJAna eka sAtha milakara kArya nahIM kara skte|] ___ isalie [ pUrvapakSa ke avAntara kA niSkarSa nikalA ki ] do jJAna ( grahaNa + smaraNa ) kAraNa ke rUpa meM hoMge, yaha kahanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| aba hamArA uttara hai ki aisA mata kaho / yadyapi do avinAzI, ( sthAyI ) jJAna eka sAtha nahIM raha sakate tathApi eka vinAzI aura dUsare avinAzI, ina donoM jJAnoM ke eka sAtha hone kA to niSedha nahIM na kiyA gayA hai ? isalie binA vyavadhAna ( Interval ) ke utpanna honevAle jJAnoM kA eka sAtha rahanA ( sahAvasthAna ) siddha ho sakatA hai| [ yadi eka jJAna prathama kSaNa meM utpanna hotA hai aura dUsarA dvitIya kSaNa ko chor3akara ( vyavadhAna dekara ) tRtIya kSaNa meM utpanna ho taba to donoM kI sahAvasthiti kabhI sambhava hI nahIM hai| hA~, yadi ve donoM kramazaH prathama aura dvitIya kSaNoM meM utpanna hoM jisase koI vyavadhAna na par3e to tRtIya kSaNa meM eka sAtha kArya kara sakate haiM / jJAna prathama kSaNa meM utpanna hotA hai, dvitIya kSaNa meM avasthita rahatA hai aura tRtIya kSaNa meM naSTa ho jAtA hai| prastuta prasaGga meM grahaNa prathama kSaNa meM utpanna huvA aura smaraNa dvitIya kSaNa meM / tRtIya kSaNa meM grahaNa vinAzAvasthA meM jA rahA hai jaba ki smaraNa usa samaya avinAzAvasthA meM hai| isalie tRtIya kSaNa meM 'idaM rajatam' kA jJAna utpanna hotA hai|] nanu rajatajJAnAd rajatArthI rajate pravartatAM nAma / paurastye vastuni kathaM

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694 sarvadarzanasaMgrahepravRttiH syAditi cet-n| svarUpato viSayatazcAgahItabhedayoH grahaNasmaraNayoH sannihitarajatagocarajJAnasArUpyeNa vastutaH parasparaM vibhinnyorpybhedocitsaamaanaadhikrnnyvypdeshhetutvopptteH| [ aba punaH zaMkA hai-] mAna liyA ki rajata kA jJAna ho jAne se rajata kI icchA karanevAlA vyakti rajata kI ora pravRtta ho jaaygaa| kintu sAmane meM vidyamAna vastu meM usakI pravRtti kese hogI ? [ prazna hai ki yadi rajata ke smaraNa se vyakti kI pravRtti hotI hai to smaraNa jisa rajata kA huA hai usI kI ora pravRtti hogii| ghara meM apanI peTI meM usane cA~dI dekhI ho aura usI kA smaraNa huA ho to usI cAMdI kI ora vyakti pravRtta hogA, na ki sAmane meM sthita vastu kI ora / ] ____ kintu bAta aisI nahIM hai / grahaNa aura smaraNa ina donoM ke bheda kA jJAna ( Apprehension ) na to svarUpa ke AdhAra para huA hai, na viSaya ke AdhAra para hii| isalie ye sannihita ( sAmane vartamAna ) rajata ke viSaya meM utpanna jJAna ke samarUpa haiN| vAstava meM ye donoM eka-dUsare se bhinna haiM tathApi [ kinhIM do padArthoM meM ] abheda kI siddhi ke lie ucita jo samAnAdhikaraNa kA niyama ( Law of identity ) hotA hai, usI se ukta ('idaM rajatam' ) vyavahAra kA kAraNa samajhA jA sakatA hai| [sAmane meM vidyamAna rajata kA jJAna AMkhoM ke samparka meM AnevAle rajata kA pratyakSa aura yathArtha jJAna hai| jaise 'idaM rajatam' vAkya idantA tathA rajatatA ina donoM meM samAnAdhikaraNa kA vyavahAra utpanna karake usI ke dvArA pravRtti bhI utpanna karatA hai, usI prakAra usa jJAna kI sarUpatA ke kAraNa ye donoM jJAna bhI samAnAdhikaraNa kA vyavahAra aura pravRtti utpanna kareMge / aba batalAte haiM ki sannihita rajata ke jJAna se grahaNa-smaraNAtmaka jJAna kI sarUpatA kaise hai ? grahaNasmaraNayoH sannihitarajatagocaraM katham ? yathA caitattathA nizamyatAm / sannihitarajatagocaraM hi vijJAnamidamaMzarajatAMzayorasaMsarga 'naavgaahte| tayoH saMsRSTatvena asaMsargasyaivAbhAvAt / nApi svagataM bhedam / ekajJAnatvAt / evaM grahaNasmaraNe api doSavazAdvidyamAnamapIdamaMzarajatAMzayorasaMsarga bhedaM nAvagAheta iti / bhevAgrahaNameva sArUpyam / / sAmane meM vidyamAna rajata ke jJAna ke sAtha grahaNa aura smaraNa kI samarUpatA kaise hotI hai ? jaise hotI hai, vaha suno-sAmane meM vidyamAna ( sannihita ) rajata ke viSaya meM jo viziSTa jJAna ( sAmAnya rUpa se honevAle jJAnoM kI apekSA bhinna jJAna, Different from the usual way of knowledge ) hotA hai vaha 'idam' ke aMza aura rajata ke aMza meM bheda ( asaMsarga ) kA grahaNa nahIM karatA / kAraNa yaha hai ki ye donoM aMza eka dUsare se mile hue haiM ataH bheda ho hI nahIM sakatA / [ donoM jJAnoM kI sarUpatA bheda kA grahaNa na kara sakane ke kAraNa hai / jahA~ para sacce rajata kA pratyakSa karate haiM vahAM para to 'idam'

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zAMkara-varzanam 695 aura rajata ke aMzoM meM koI bheda hI nahIM hai, kyoMki ve eka dUsare se saMsRSTa arthAta mile hue haiN| vahA~ kA jJAna asaMsarga ( bheda ) kA viSaya nahIM hai / isalie vahA~ bheda kA grahaNa nahIM karate / ] [ sacce rajata kA jJAna karane ke samaya 'idam' aura 'rajatam' meM ] svagata bheda kA grahaNa nahIM karate kyoMki donoM eka hI jJAna haiM / [ avAntara bheda hone se svagata bheda kiyA jAtA hai | sacce rajata kA jJAna hone meM 'idam' aura 'rajatam' donoM isa taraha milate haiM ki avAntara-bheda kA sthAna hI nahIM / ] usI prakAra grahaNa aura smaraNa, ye donoM jJAna bhI doSa ( mAnasika doSa ) ke 'kAraNa 'idam' ke aMza tathA rajata ke aMza meM asaMsarga arthAt bheda vidyamAna rahane para bhI usakA grahaNa nahIM karate / aura bheda kA grahaNa na karanA hI to samarUpatA hai / [ donoM jJAnoM ke sthAna meM to ekatA hI nahIM hai- kyoMki jJAna do haiM / asaMsarga aura avAntara bheda kI sambhA - vanA hai / parantu doSa ke kAraNa usakA grahaNa nahIM ho pAtA / virodha kA sphuraNa hone se hI asaMsarga yA bheda kA grahaNa hotA hai / jaise sIpI aura cAMdI meM bheda hai vaise hI tat aura idam meM bhI bheda hai / pratyakSa meM yadyapi idamaMza pratIta hotA hai tathApi usase viruddha rahane - vAlA tadaMza smaraNa meM doSa ke kAraNa pratIta nahIM hotA / vaise hI smaraNa meM yadyapi rajatAMza viSaya banatA hai tathApi doSa ke hI kAraNa usakA virodhI zaktitva pratyakSa meM viSaya nahIM bana pAtA / isa prakAra virodha kA sphuraNa nahIM ho sakane ke kAraNa svarUpa yA viSaya se vidyamAna rahane para bhI bheda grahaNa nahIM hotA / svarUpa se vidyamAna rahane grahaNa nahIM karanA --- 'tat' ke rUpa meM jo parokSAMza hai usakI pratIti doSa ke ke rUpa meM nahIM hotI / viSaya se vidyamAna rahane para bhI bheda kA grahaNa nahIM ke kAraNa zuktitva kI pratIti pratyakSa ke rUpa meM nahIM hotI isalie / ] taduktaM gurumatAnusAribhiH 26. grahaNasmaraNe vivekAnavabhAsinI / ceme samyagrajatabodhAcca bhinne yadyapi tattvataH // bhedAgrahasamatvataH / samakSekArthagocaraH / para bhI bheda kA kAraNa smaraNa -doSa karanA - 27. tathApi bhinne nAmAte samyagrajatabodhastu 28. tato bhinne abuddhvA ca grahaNasmaraNe ime / samAnenaiva rUpeNa kevalaM manyate janaH // 29. aparokSAvabhAsena samAnArthagraheNa ca / availakSaNyasaMvittiriti tAvatsamathitA // 30. vyavahAro'pi tattulyastata eva pravartate // ( praka0 pa0 4133 - 37 ) iti /

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696 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe evama gRhItaviveka mApanna sannihitarUpyajJAnasArUpyaM grahaNasmaraNadvayamayathAvyavahAraheturiti siddham / ise gurumata kA anusaraNa karanevAloM ne kahA hai- 'ye donoM grahaNa aura smaraNa bheda ke sAtha pratIta nahIM hote / sacce rajata kA jaisA bodha hotA hai yadyapi usase ye vAstava meM bhinna haiM // 26 // tathApi bhinna- jaise lagate nahIM haiM kyoMki donoM prakAra ke bodhoM meM bheda kA grahaNa na hone kI samatA hai| sacce rajata kA bodha to sAmane meM vidyamAna eka hI vastu ke viSaya meM hotA hai || 27 // loga isa grahaNa aura smaraNa ko usase bhinna rUpa meM na samajhakara kevala samAna rUpa meM hI samajhate haiM / [ grahaNa smaraNAtmaka jJAna bhI samyak rajata ke jJAna kI taraha hI samajhA jAtA hai / yadyapi yaha logoM kA mAnasika doSa hai ki donoM meM antara nahIM kara pAte / ] // 28 // pratyakSa ( aparokSa ) meM pratIti hone ke kAraNa tathA eka samAna hI vastu kA grahaNa karane ke kAraNa donoM abheda - saMvitti ( Knowledge of identity ) kA samarthana hotA hai / usake samAna vyavahAra bhI hotA hai tathA usase logoM kI pravRtti bhI siddha ( Justified ) hotI hai / / 29-30 // ( prakaraNapaJcikA 4133 -37 ) / isa prakAra isa ayathAvyavahAra ( asAmAnya yA viziSTa vyavahAra ) kA kAraNa grahaNa aura smaraNa, ina donoM ko mAnate haiM jinameM paraspara bheda kA grahaNa nahIM hotA tathA jinheM samakSa meM vidyamAna rUpya ( caudI ) ke jJAna kI samarUpatA mila cukI hai -- yaha siddha ho gayA / ( 11 Ga. 'pItaH zaGkhaH' ke vyavahAra kA samarthana ) yadyevamayathAvyavahAro grahaNasmaraNajanyastahi 'pItaH zahnaH' ityAdau sa na siddhaH, tatra tayorabhAvAditi cet-na / agRhItavivekayoH prAptasamIcInasaMsargajJAnasArUpyatve grahaNayoreva vyavahArasaMpAdakatvopapatteH / nayanarazmivartinaH pittadravyasya pItimA doSavazAd dravyarahito gRhyate / zaGkho'pyakalita zuklaguNaH svarUpato gRhyate / tadanayorguNaguNinoH saMsargayogyayorasaMsargAgrahasArUpyAtpI tatapanIyapiNDapratyayA vailakSaNyAd vyavahAra upapadyate / [ punaH eka zaMkA ho rahI hai- ] yadi hama yaha mAna bhI leM ki yaha asAmAnya vyavahAra grahaNa tathA smaraNa se utpanna hotA hai tathApi 'zaMkha pIlA hai' isa [ asAmAnya prayoga ] meM to vaha siddha nahIM hotA ? kAraNa yaha hai ki isa prayoga meM donoM kA abhAva dekhate haiM / [ grahaNa kI sattA hone para bhI smaraNa kI sattA nahIM rahatI / viSaya nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki usake saMskAra ko jagAnevAlI koI cIja nahIM hai / isalie momAMsakoM ke anusAra 'pIlA zaMkha' kA prayoga asambhava ho jAyagA / [ hama vedAntI ise mithyAjJAna kahakara AsAnI se calA sakate haiM | ] pItatva kA aMza smaraNa kA

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zAMkara-darzanam 697 [ mImAMsaka kahate haiM ki ] aisI bAta nahIM hai / [ yadyapi yahA~ para grahaNa aura smaraNa nahIM haiM tathApi ] vyavahAra ke prayojaka ke rUpa meM do grahaNoM kI hI siddhi hotI hai / ina donoM grahaNoM ke bIca bheda kA jJAna nahIM hotA tathA ye samIcIna ( ThIka Correct ) saMsarga ke jJAna kI taraha hI haiM / [ pIta zaMkha meM do pratyakSa jJAna hI haiM jinheM hama grahaNa karate haiM / eka pratyakSa hai pIta, dUsarA hai zaMkha / ina donoM grahaNAtmaka jJAnoM meM vastutaH jo paraspara bheda hai, doSa ke kAraNa usakI pratIti nahIM hotI / ] / netraraNoM meM avasthita pittadravya kI pItimA kA grahaNa hotA hai, pittadravya kA grahaNa usameM nahIM kara pAte / [ pIta zaMkha kA jJAna pitta ke pitta A~khoM kI kiraNoM meM rahanevAlA pIle raMga kA eka sUkSma dravya hai jaba AMkhoM kI kiraNeM zaMkha se sambaddha hotI haiM taba doSavaza pittadravya kA grahaNa na hokara kevala usameM sthita pIta guNa kA hI grahaNa hotA hai / yaha huA pIta kA pratyakSa arthAt pittadravya ke pIlepana kA grahaNa karate haiM / aba zaMkha kA pratyakSa dekheM / ] zaMkha kA kevala svarUpa hI gRhIta hotA hai usake zukla guNa kA grahaNa nahIM hotA / [ pIta ke pratyakSa meM kevala guNa kA grahaNa huA, zaMkha ke pratyakSa meM kevala guNI kA / ye donoM pratyakSa samyak saMsargajJAna ke samarUpa hai / samIcIna saMsargajJAna kA artha hai svarNa Adi meM vastutaH vidyamAna rahanevAle pIta guNa ke sambandha kA jJAna / ] to, ina donoM meM arthAt guNa aura guNI meM, jo saMsarga ke grahaNa na ho sakane kI samAnatA hai tathA pIle svarNa ( tapanIya ) rUpatA ke kAraNa ukta vyavahAra calatA hai / [ ( 1 ) meda tulanA - pIta ke pratyakSa meM doSavaza dravya kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai, meM doSavaza guNa kA grahaNa nahIM ho rahA hai / ise isa sUtra dvArA samajheM pIta + ( pitta ) / ( zveta ) + zaMkha / yathoktam = pIta + zaMkha / - parantu doSavata hama doSa se hotA hai / sarvathA yogya hai, bheda kA piNDa kI pratIti kI samagrahaNa na ho sakane kI udhara zaMkha ke pratyakSa ( 2 ) samIcIna aura dravya donoM kA koSTha meM diye gaye dravya yA guNa kA grahaNa nahIM ho rahA hai / saMsarga -jJAna se tulanA svarNa vAstava meM pIlA hai / yahA~ guNa pratyakSa hotA hai / sAtha hI donoM ke zuddha sambandha kA bhI pratyakSa hotA hai / isI pratyakSa ke samAna ukta pIta zaMkha kA pratyakSadvayAtmaka jJAna bhI hai| isI se vyavahAra calatA hai | asaMgati nahIM hai / 31. pItavabodhe hi pittasyendriyavartinaH / pItimA gRhyate dravyarahito doSatastathA //

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698 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe 32. zaGkhasyendriyadoSeNa zuklimA na ca gRhyate / kevalaM dravyamAtraM tu prathate rUpavajitam // 33. guNe dravyavyapekSe ca dravye ca guNakAGkSiNi / bhAsamAne tayorbuddhirasambandhaM na budhyate // 34. satyapItAvabhAsena same bhAte matI ime / vyavahAro'pi tattulya evamatrApi yujyate || ( praka0 pa0 4 / 48- 51 ) iti / 31 // udhara indriya ke jaisA ki kahA gayA hai - ' pIta zaMkha ke jJAna meM [ cakSu ] indriya meM vidyamAna pitta kA dravyAMza chor3akara doSa ke kAraNa kevala pItatva kA grahaNa hotA hai // hI doSa ke kAraNa zaMkha ke zuklatva kA grahaNa nahIM hotA / rUpa ke dravya kA aMza hI usameM pratIta hotA hai // 32 // aMza ko chor3akara kevala guNa ko dravya ( apane AzrayadAtA dravya ) kI apekSA hai to dravya bhI guNa ( apane Azrita guNa ) kI AkAMkSA rakhatA hai / ye donoM jaba isa rUpa meM pratIta hone lagate haiN| [ to donoM meM vastutaH sambandha nahIM rahane para bhI usa ] asambandha ko una donoM kI buddhi ( jJAna ) nahIM samajha pAtI ( = viSaya nahIM banA sakatI ) // 33 // ye donoM jJAna sacamuca ke pIta - guNa kI pratIti kI taraha pratibhAsita hote haiM / isalie donoM kA vyavahAra ( = pIta svarNa aura pIta zaMkha) samAna hI rahatA hai / Upara kI taraha yaha vyavahAra bhI yuktiyukta hai // 34 // ' ( prakaraNapacikA 448-51 ) / ( 12. 'nevaM rajatam' kI siddhi - mImAMsaka - mata ) nanvidaM rajatamiti bhrAntijJAnAnabhyupagame rajataprasakterasatvAnnedaM rajatamiti niSedhaH kathaM kaladhautAbhAvaM bodhayatIti cet-naiSa doSaH / bhedAgrahaprasaJjitasya zuktau rajatavyavahArasya niSedhasvIkAreNa kalpanAlAghavasadbhAvAt / [ vedAntI loga phira zaMkA karate haiM ] ki yadi Apa 'idaM rajatam' meM bhrAntijJAna nahIM mAneMge to rajata kI prApti kA abhAva rahegA ( vAstava meM cAMdI to vahIM hai nahIM ) isalie 'yaha cAMdI nahIM hai' isa prakAra kA niSedha cAMdI ke abhAva kA bodha kaise karAyegA ? [ niSedha kisI vastu kI prApti hone para hI kAma detA hai / kisI sthAna para pAnI kI prasakti hone para hI kaha sakate haiM ki yahA~ pAnI nahIM hai / jahA~ cAMdI hai hI nahIM, vahIM para 'cAMdI nahIM hai' vAkya avyAvahArika ho jAyagA / ] [ mImAMsaka kahate haiM ki ] inameM tanika bhI doSa nahIM hai| sIpI meM bhedaH grahaNa na ho sakane ke kAraNa vahA~ rajata kA vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai usI ( vyavahAra ) kA niSedha yahA~ svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jisameM kalpanA kA lAghava bhI hotA hai / [ tAtparya yaha hai ki 'yaha

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zAMkara-varzanam cAMdI nahIM' kA artha hai-'yaha cAMdI ke vyavahAra ke yogya nahIM hai| yadi hama rajata kA niSedha bhI mAna lete to bhI usakA artha rajata ke vyavahAra kA niSedha hI hotA / isa prakAra donoM sthitiyoM meM eka hI bAta siddha hotI hai| isalie 'nedaM rajatam' kA artha lAghava se 'rajata ke vyavahAra kA niSedha' hI rkheN| isake atirikta rajata ke niSedha kI kalpanA kyoM kareM?] taduktaM paJcikAprakaraNe35. mithyAbhAvo'pi tattulyavyavahArapravartanAt / rajatavyavahArAMze visaMvAdayato narAt // 36. bAdhakapratyayasyApi bAdhakatvamato matam / prasajyamAnarajatavyavahArAnavAraNAt // (praka0 pa0 4 / 38-39) iti / tadanena prAcInayorjJAnayoH satyatve kathaM bhramatvasiddhiriti zaGkA parAkRtA / ayathAvyavahArapravartakatvena tduppttH| ise prakaraNapaJcikA meM kahA gayA hai-'usa ( anubhavajanya vyavahAra ) ke tulya vyavahAra kA pravartana karane para bhI rajata ke vyavahAra ke aMza meM mithyAbhAva ( Falsity ) ho sakatA hai kyoMki rajata ko lekara hI ye ( vedAntI ) loga vivAda karate haiN| [ tAtparya yaha hai ki 'idaM rajatam' meM, vedAntI loga rajata ko bhale hI mithyA siddha kareM kyoMki vyavahAra kA pravartaka hone para bhI usameM vivAda khar3A ho sakatA hai parantu 'idam' para to koI Apatti nahIM hai / mithyAvAdI bhI 'idaM' ko mithyA nahIM kahate / kyoMki isameM koI bAdhaka pramANa nahIM hai| bAdhaka pratIti kI dazA meM bhI idamaMza ko anuvRtti hotI hI hai| nedaM rajatam meM] jo bAdhaka kI pratIti hotI hai usakI bAdhakatA bhI isIlie mAnI jAtI hai ki prApta (prasajyamAna ) rajata ke vyavahAra kA usase niSedha ho // 36 // (prakaraNapaJcikA, 43839) / [ ina zlokoM meM kahanA yahI hai-idam' sadA pramANa hai| bhrAnti kevala smRti ke rUpa meM honevAle rajata kI hai jisameM vivAda hai / vedAntI loga bAdhaka kI pratIti ke adhIna mithyAjJAna ko mAnate haiN| jisakA bAdha ( pratirodha ) kisI se ho gayA vaha mithyA hai| idam ke anubhava kA bAdhaka koI nahIM hai / ataH yaha mithyA nhiiN| aba rajatAMza ko leN| bAdhA ho rahI hai jise bAdhA na kahakara niSedha kheN| niSedha kisakA? rajatavyavahAra kA yA rajata kA? hama kahate haiM rajata ke vyavahAra kA hii| kisI bhI dazA meM to hameM vyavahAra hI karanA hai / mithyA ko lekara lar3anevAle se kaheM ki bAdha yA niSedha vyavahAra kA hI hotA hai aura hamArI bAta hI raha jAtI hai|] to, isake sAtha hI sAtha usa zaMkA kA nirAkaraNa kara diyA gayA ki jaba donoM prAcIna jJAna satya haiM to bhrama hone kI bAta kaise calatI hai| usa bhrama kI siddhi asAmAnya vyava

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe hAra ke pravartaka ke rUpa meM hotI hai / [ prabhAkara ke sAmane samasyA hai ki sabhI jJAna jaba satya haiM taba loga 'bhrama' zabda se kisa vastu kA bodha karate haiM ? jina sthaloM meM ( jaise saupI ko cA~dI mAnane meM ) pravRtti niSphala ho jAya, unheM hama bhrama kahA karate haiM / aura bAdha ? rajata ke vyavahAra kA niSedha hone para use bAdha kahate haiM (jaise 'nedaM rajatam' meM ) / yaha kahane se zaMkarAcArya santuSTa honevAle nahIM haiM / ] ( 12 ka. prabhAkara -mata se abhAva kA khaNDana ) www kiM ca nedaM rajatamiti bAdhakAvabodho naabhaavmvgaahte| bhAvavyatirekeNAbhAvasya durgrahaNetvAt / yadyevam, aGga nAstIti pratyayasya kimAlambanam ? aparathA mAhAmAnikapakSAnupraveza iti cet -- mevaM bhASiSThAH / abhAvasya dhamipratiyoginirUpaNAdhInanirUpyatve'vazyAbhyupagamanIye dRzye pratiyoginyadRzye vA smaryamANe'dhikaraNamAtrabuddhereva 'nAstIti' vyavahAropapattAvatiriktAbhAvakalpanAyAM pramANAbhAvAt / isake atirikta 'yaha rajata nahIM hai' yaha bAdhaka kA jJAna abhAva ke rUpa meM nahIM hai / kAraNa yaha hai ki bhAva ke atirikta abhAva nAma kI vastu kA grahaNa karanA hI kaThina hai / " [ isa para vedAntI loga zaMkA karate haiM - ] he mahodaya ! yadi aisI bAta hai to hameM batalAiye ki 'nahIM hai' isa pratIti ( Apprehension ) kA AdhAra kyA hai ? yadi aisA nahIM kara sake ( = AdhAra ke binA bhI pratIti mAnate haiM ) to madhyamika (zUnyavAdI ) bauddhoM ke pakSa meM Apa jA rahe haiM / [ ye bauddha sampUrNa vyavahAroM ko Alambanarahita mAnate haiM / ] isa para hama kaheMge ki aisA mata kaho / [ isakA kAraNa Age batalA rahe haiM / ] abhAva kA nirUpaNa dharmI aura pratiyogI ke nirUpaNa ke hI adhIna rahatA hai / [ dharAtala meM ghaTa nahIM hai - yahAM ghaTAbhAva kA jJAna ho rahA hai jisameM dharAtala dharmI hai aura ghaTa pratiyogI / donoM ke jJAna ke pazcAt hI ghaTAbhAva kA jJAna ho sakatA 1] jisakI siddhi karanA Avazyaka hai vaha pratiyogI (ghaTa) dRzya ho yA adRzya ho kintu usakA smaraNa kiyA jA rahA hai| aisA hone para mAtra AdhAra kA jJAna rahane se hI 'nahIM hai' isa vyavahAra kI siddhi ho jAyagI / ataH alaga se abhAva kI kalpanA karane ke lie koI pramANa hI nahIM hai / [ dharmoM kI kalpanA se adhika acchI kalpanA dharmaM kI hI hotI hai / ataH abhAva kisI adhikaraNa kA eka dharma hai tathA kevala bhUtala ke rUpa meM hai / isI se 'ghaTo nAsti' kA vyavahAra calatA hai / ghaTa nahIM hai = bhUtala kA zuddha jJAna / kevala bhUtala kA jJAna ghaTAdi pratiyogI ke rahane para hI sambhava hai| hAM, pratiyogI kA smaraNa to karanA hI hai / bhUtala kA jJAna rahane se 'ghaTa nahIM hai' kA jJAna ho jAyagA / ] 1. dekhie, rAmAnujadarzana, pR0 190-91 /

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zAMkara-darzanam 701 taduktamamRtakalAyAma37. atrocyate dvayo saMvidvastuno bhuutlaadinH| . ekA saMsRSTaviSayA tanmAtraviSayA praa|| 38. tanmAtraviSayA vApi dvayo sAtha nigadyate / pratiyoginyadRzye ca dRzye ca pratiyogini // 39. tatra tanmAtradhIryeyaM smRte ca pratiyogini / nAstitvaM saiva bhUbhAge ghaTAdipratiyoginaH // (praka0 106 / 37-39 ) iti / ise amRtakalA ( prakaraNapaJcikA ke chaThe prakaraNa kA nAma ) meM kahA gayA hai-'isa darzana meM bhUtala Adi vastu meM do prakAra kA jJAna mAnA gayA hai / eka kA saMsRSTa viSaya hotA hai (jaise bhUtala ghaTa se yukta hai ) / dUsare prakAra ke jJAna kA viSaya kevala vaha vastu hI hai (jaise kevala bhUtala kA jJAna ) // 37 // aba vaha tanmAtra-viSayaka jJAna bhI do prakAra kA kahA jAtA hai-eka to pratiyogI ke adRzya ho jAne para aura dUsarA pratiyogI ke dRzya hI rahane para // 38 // unameM jo tanmAtra-viSayaka buddhi hai jaba pratiyogI ke smaraNa ke sAtha utpanna hotI hai taba use ho bhUtala meM ghaTAdi pratiyogI kA abhAva mAnate haiM / ( kevala bhratala ke svarUpa kA jJAna ghaTa ke smaraNa ke sAtha ho to use hI abhAva kahate haiM / spaSTataH abhAva bhAvarUpa hI hai)| (prakaraNapaJcikA, 6 / 37-39) / ata eva prAbhAkaramatAnusAribhiH pramANapArAyaNe pratyakSAdIni paJcaiva pramANAni prapaJcitAni / nanvevamabhAvasyAbhAve nakArasya vaiyarthyamApadyeta / anuzAsanavirodhazcApatediti cet-tadetadvArtam / ekonapaJcAzadvarNAnAM madhye kasyApi varNasyAbhAvArthatvAdarzanena varNasya sato nakArasya tdrthtvaanuppttH| isIlie prabhAkara-mata kA anusaraNa karanevAle [ zAlikanAtha ne apanI prakaraNapaJcikA ke pAMcaveM prakaraNa arthAt ] pramANa-pArAyaNa meM pratyakSAdi pAMca pramANoM kA hI nirUpaNa kiyA hai / [ ye pramANa haiM--pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna, zabda aura arthApatti / chaThA pramANa anupalabdhi hai jise bhATTa-mImAMsaka mAnate haiM / prabhAkara ise nahIM mAnate / anupalabdhi kevala abhAva kA hI grahaNa karatI hai kintu prabhAkara-mata meM bhAva ke atirikta abhAva nAma kI koI vastu hI nahIM hai| isalie usake grahaNa ke lie pRthak pramANa kI kyA AvazkatA hai ?] ____ aba samasyA hogI ki jaba isa prakAra abhAva kI sattA nahIM mAnate haiM to nakAra vyartha ho jaaygaa| [ na = nahIM, yaha avyaya hai / isakA kyA uttara hogA ? ] yahI nahIM, pANini ke anuzAsana kA bhI virodha ho jAyagA / [ pANini ne 'na' ( 2 / 2 / 6 ) sUtra meM uttara pada ke sAtha tatpuruSa samAsa hone kA vidhAna kiyA hai- isakA virodha hogaa| kyoMki yadi

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702 sarvadarzanasaMgrahenaJ nirarthaka hai to uttara pada ke sAtha kaise mila sakegA ? isa prakAra abhAva na mAnane para 'na' kA samarthana karane kA prazna uTha khar3A ho jAtA hai| ] kintu ye tarka vyartha ke haiM / unacAsa vargoM ke bIca koI bhI varNa abhAva ke artha meM nahIM milatA ( dekhA jAtA ) hai / isalie varNa hone ke kAraNa nakAra bho usa ( abhAva ) ke artha meM siddha nahIM hotaa| [ yaha vivecana anumAna ke rUpa meM hai jisakA pUrNa rUma aisA ho sakatA hai (1) na-kAra abhAvArtha nahIM hai / ( pratijJA ) ( 2 ) kyoMki yaha varNa hai / ( hetu) (3) jaise akAra Adi dUsare varNa haiM / ( udAharaNa) unacAsa vargoM kI saMkhyA isa taraha pUrNa hotI hai-16 svara, 25 sparza varNa, 4 antaHstha tathA 4 USma varNa / ] ___ na caivmnushaasnvirodhH| tadanya-tadabhAva-tadviruddhaSvartheSu anuzAsanasyaivamarthaH syAt / tathA hi-cetanAnAM madhye kazcana kasyacinmitraM, kazcana kasyacidudAsInaH tathavAcetanAnAmapi / tadanyapadena tadudAsIno nkaaraarthH| viruddhapadena zatrurnakArArthaH / tadabhAvapadena mitraM nakArArthaH / abhAva na mAnane se [ pANini ke ] anuzAsana kA bhI virodha nahIM hotaa| [ nana se mukhyata: ye tIna artha pratIta hote haiM-] tadanya ( ... se bhinna), tadabhAva (.."kA abhAva) tathA tadviruddha ( ..."se viruddha ) / ina arthoM meM anuzAsana kA uparyukta vidhi se artha ho sakatA hai / dekhie-cetana padArthoM ke bIca koI kisI kA zatru hai, koI kisI kA mitra, to koI kisI se udAsIna hI hai / yahI dazA acetana padArthoM kI bhI hai| tadanya zabda se nakAra kA artha samajheM-usase udAsIna / viruddha zabda se nakAra kA artha zatru hai / tadabhAva zabda se nakAra kA artha mitra hai| [ isa prakAra dUsare arthoM meM nakAra ke arthoM kI vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai|] tathA cAbrAhmaNapada evaitattrayaM pratIyate-zUdra ityudAsIno, yavana iti zatruH, kSatriya iti mitram / evaM sarvatra naprayogasthale draSTavyamiti na kazcidabhAvo bhAvavyatiriktaH smbhvti| tasmAduktayA rItyA bhramaprasiddhayA vivAdAdhyAsitAH pratyayA yathArthAH, pratyayatvAta, daNDIti pratyayavaditi siddham / isa prakAra 'abrAhmaNa' zabda meM hI ukta tInoM ko pratIti hotI hai-zUdra ke prati [ nakArArtha ] udAsIna hai, yavana ke prati zatru aura kSatriya ke prati mitra hai| [ tAtparya yaha huA ki abrAhmaNa zabda meM yadi 'a' kA artha tadanya leMge to zUdra artha hogaa| yadi viruddha

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zAMkara-carzanam 703 artha meM 'a' mAneM to abrAhmaNa = yavana / anta meM yadi abhAva artha leM to abrAhmaNa kA artha kSatriya hogaa| ] isI taraha natra kA prayoga honevAle sabhI sthAnoM meM dekhanA cAhie / ataH bhAva ke atirikta abhAva nAma kA koI padArtha milanA sambhava nahIM hai|| ___ isalie uparyukta rIti se bhrama kI siddhi kara leM [ = 'idaM rajatam' meM grahaNa aura smaraNa ke rUpa meM do jJAna rahane para bhI vAstavika vyavahAra hone para pravRtti ke visaMvAdita ( niSphala ) ho jAne se kucha loga bhrama kA vyavahAra karate haiM, vastutaH to vaha hai nahIM / isake bAda anumAna hotA hai-] (1) vivAdAspada pratItiyAM yathArtha ( Real ) haiM-pratijJA / ( 2 ) kyoMki ye pratItiyAM haiM-hetu / ( 3 ) jaise daNDI ( daNDa dhAraNa karanevAlA ) kI pratIti hotI hai-udaahrnn| yaha siddha hotA hai| vizeSa--yahA~ para mImAMsakoM ne apane lambe pUrvapakSa kA anta kiyaa| unakA lakSya yahI thA ki mithyAjJAna kA khaNDana kreN| mithyAjJAna ke rUpa meM vedAnta meM svIkRta sabhI pratItiyoM ko ve satya aura yathArtha mAnate haiN| 'idaM rajatam' yA 'pItaH zaGkhaH' koI bhI udAharaNa unheM apanI mAnyatA se haTA nahIM skaa| aba zaMkarAcArya apane prabala tarkoM ke capeToM se prabhAkara-mata kA mastaka cUrNa kreNge| (13. mithyAjJAna ko sattA hai zaMkara kA uttarapakSa ) tadapare na kSamante / iha khalu nikhilaprekSAvAn samIhitatatsAdhanayoranyatarapravedane prvrtte| na ca rajatamarthayamAnasya zuktikAzakalajJAnaM tadrUpamanubhAvayituM prabhavati / zuktikAzakalasya samIhitatatsAdhanayoranyatarabhAvAbhAvAt / nApi rajatasmaraNaM purovatini pravRttikAraNam / tasyAnubhavapAratantryatayA'nubhavadeza eva prarvatakatvAt / / isa mata ko dUsare loga saha nahIM paate| yaha nizcita hai ki sabhI vivekazIla manuSya abhISTa vastu yA usakI prApti ke sAdhana ina donoM meM kisI eka ke jJAna meM hI pravRtta hote haiM / aisA nahIM dekhA jAtA ki jo vyakti rajata kA icchuka hai use sIpI ke Tukar3e kA jJAna usa ( rajata ke ) rUpa kA anubhava karA de| [ sIpI ke Tukar3e meM rajata kI sattA nahIM hai / 'idam' ke rUpa meM sIpI kA Tukar3A jJAta hai kintu rajata cAhanevAle vyakti ko na to usase apanI abhISTa vastu kA hI svarUpa mAlUma hotA na usake sAdhana kA hii| kyoMki ] sopI kA Tukar3A usa vyakti kA na to abhISTa hI ho sakatA na abhISTa-prApti kA sAdhana ho / isake atirikta rajata kA smaraNa ( jo ye mImAMsaka mAnate haiM ] sAmane meM vidyamAna padArtha meM pravRtti utpanna nahIM kara sakatA kyoMki smaraNa anubhava ke adhIna rahatA hai, isalie

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe vaha ( rajatasmaraNa ) anubhava ke sthAna meM ( jahA~ para cAMdI dekhI thI aura jisakA smaraNa kara rahe haiM vahIM ) pravRtti ko utpanna kara sakatA hai / [ smaraNa anubhava para hI nirbhara karatA / jisa sthAna kA, jisa rUpa kA aura jisa vastu kA anubhava hogA -- usake anurUpa hI smaraNa bhI ho sakegA / jisa sthAna para cA~dI dekhI thI, pravRtti usI sthAna kI ora hogIanyatra nahIM / sAmane ko sIpI para pravRtti siddha nahIM hotI / ] 704 nApi bhedAgraho vyavahArakAraNam / grahaNanibandhanatvAcceta navyavahArasya / nanu na vayamekaikasya kAraNatvaM brUmahe yenaivamupAlabhyemahi / kiM tvagRhItavivekasya jJAnadvayasya prAptasamIcInapuraH sthitarajatajJAnasArUpyasyetyanuktopAlambho'yamiti cet-tadapyayuktam / vikalpAsahatvAt / tathA hisamIcIna rajatAvabhAsasArUpyaM bhAsamAnaM pravartakaM sattAmAtreNa vA ? Apa yaha bhI nahIM kaha sakate [ jaisA Upara kahA hai ] ki bheda kA grahaNa na karanA hI [ 'idaM rajatam' Adi viziSTa ] vyavahAroM kA kAraNa hai | cetana ke sAre vyavahAra grahaNa ( jJAna, pratIti ) para calate haiM [ aura Apa kahate haiM ki grahaNa na hone se vyavahAra calatA hai ? ] [ apanI rakSA ke lie kadAcita Apa kaheMge - ] hama loga eka-eka ko lekara to ( kevala 'idam ' ke grahaNa ko yA kevala rajata ke smaraNa ko ) kAraNa nahIM mAna rahe haiM ki Apa ( vedAntI ) hameM isa taraha kharI-khoTI sunA rahe haiN| balki hama to una donoM jJAnoM ko jisameM bheda kI pratIti nahIM hotI tathA jisameM sacce aura sannihita rajata ke jJAna ke sAtha samarUpatA hai, unheM hI [ kAraNa mAnate haiM ] ataH hamArA mata ulAhanA ( upAlambha ) dene yogya nahIM hai | hama (vedAntI ) kaheMge ki yaha bhI yuktisaMgata nahIM hai kyoMki nIce diye vikalpoM ko sahane kI zakti isameM nahIM hai / ve vikalpa haiM - [ Apa kahate haiM ki ukta donoM jJAnoM meM ( grahaNa + smaraNa yA do grahaNa hI ) sacce rajata ke jJAna se sAdRzya hai usI sAdRzya se vyakti pravRtta hotA hai to ] vaha sacce rajata kI pratIti se sAdRzya honA kyA kevala jJAna rahane se hI pravRtti kA kAraNa hotA hai yA vastutaH vidyamAna rahakara pravRtti utpanna karatA hai ? aba prathama vikalpa meM do vikalpa karate haiM / ] Adye vikalpe bhedAgrahAparaparyAyasya sArUpyasya samIcInasannibhe ime jJAne iti vizeSAkAreNa gRhyamANasya pravRttikAraNatvaM ki vAnayoreva svarUpato viSayatazca mitho bhedAgraho vidyata iti sAmAnyAkAreNa gRhyamANasya sArUpyasya ? pahale vikalpa meM [ do vikalpa haiM - ] ( 1 ) sArUpya ko dUsare zabdoM meM 'bheda kA grahaNa na karanA' bhI kahate hai / 'ye donoM jJAna saccI cA~dI ke jJAna ke samAna haiM' - isa

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zAMkara-darzanam 705 prakAra sAmAnya AkAra meM gRhIta sArUya pravRtti utpanna karatA hai / ( 2 ) ina donoM jJAnoM meM hI svarUpa aura viSaya ko lekara bhedAgraha ( sArUpya ) hai - isa prakAra vizeSa AkAra meM gRhIta sArUpya pravRtti utpanna karatA hai / [ cUMki jJAna do prakAra kA hotA hai isalie jJAta sAdRzyavAle vikalpa ke do khaNDa ho rahe haiM / vaizeSika Adi kahate haiM ki jisa dharma ke kAraNa sAdRzya hotA hai usa dharma aura sAdRzya meM tAdAtmya hai, vaha dharma hI sAdRzya hai / usa dharma kA yaha rUpa hai - mukha ( upameva ) aura candra ( upamAna ) meM saundarya (dharma) samAna hai / yaha kabhI vizedhAkAra meM jJAta hotA hai / kabhI-kabhI sAmAnya rUpa meM ho - jaise yaha dharma amuka padArtha meM hai / prastuta prasaGga meM dekhate haiM ki bhedAgraha samAna dharma 1 jaise saccI cA~dI ke jJAna meM bheda kA grahaNa nahIM hotA vaise hI jJAnadvaya se yukta pratIti meM bheda grahaNa nahIM ho pAtA / isa rUpa meM bhedAgraha kA jJAna pravRta karatA hai yA ina donoM jJAnoM ke pArasparika bheda kA grahaNa nahIM hone se hI hama pravRtta hote haiM ? saMkSepa meM yaha kaheM ki sacce rajata ke jJAna se tulanA karane para bhedAgraha jJAna pravartaka hotA hai yA apane hI donoM jJAnoM meM bhedAgraha hone se pravRtti hotI hai ? ] nAdyaH / samIcInajJAnavattatsannibhajJAnasya taducitavyavahArapravartakatvAnupapatteH / na khalu gosannibho gavaya ityavabhAsogavArthinaM gavaye pravartayati / na dvitIyaH / vyAhatatvAt / na khalvanAkalitabhedasyAnayoriti, anayoriti grahe bhedAgraha iti ca pratipattirbhavati / ataH parizeSAtsattAmAtreNa bhedAraharUpasya sArUpyasya vyavahArakAraNatvamaGgIkartavyam / inameM pahalA vikalpa ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki jaise samIcIna jJAna ( saccI cIna kA jJAna ) [ apane ucita vyavahAra kI ora logoM ko pravRtta karatA hai usI taraha se samIcIna jJAna ] kI tulanA karanevAlA ( Similar ) jJAna ( 'idaM rajatam' kA ) usa samyak jJAna kI taraha vyavahAroM meM logoM ko pravRtta nahIM kara sakatA / 'gau ke samAna gavaya hotA hai' yaha pratIti gau cAhanevAle vyakti ko gavaya kI ora pravRtta nahIM karatI / [ vidyamAna vastu ke sAtha avidyamAna vastu ke sAdRzya kA jJAna hone se bhI avidyamAna vastu kI ora pravRtti nahIM hotI / ] dUsarA vikalpa isalie ThIka nahIM ki isameM vyAghAta ( pratirodha ) hotA hai / jinameM bheda kA grahaNa hI nahIM kiyA gayA hai ( = grahaNa aura smaraNa meM ), usameM 'ina donoM meM' ita taraha kI pratIti nahIM ho sakatI aura na 'anayo:' ( ina donoM meM ) - aisA lene se bhedAgraha kI hI pratIti ho sakatI / [ eka ora kaha rahe haiM ki bheda kA grahaNa nahIM hotA arthAt jAma eka hai, dUsarI ora dvivacana zabda kA prayoga bhI kara rahe haiM / yaha vyAghAta' nahIM to kyA hai ? ] 1. Self-contradiction ( vyAghAta ) | 45 sa0 saM0 -

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706 sarvadarzanasaMgraheisalie aba avaziSTa bace dusare vikalpa ko leM arthAt vidyamAna hone ke kAraNa ( sattAmAtra se ) bhedAgraharUpI sAdRzya ko vyavahAra kA kAraNa maaneN| [ jaise indriya svayam ajJAta hone para bhI jJAna utpanna karatI hai athavA pAsa meM par3I Aga ajJAta hone para dAhaka hotI hai usI taraha ina donoM grahaNa smaraNAtmaka jJAnoM meM vastutaH vidyamAna bhedAgraha ( sAdRzya ) jJAna na hone para bhI vyavahAra yA pravRtti ko utpatti kara sakatA hai / mImAMsakoM ne aisA hI mAnA bhI hai| isa para bhI vicAra karate haiN|] / evamevAstviti cet-tahi idamiha saMpradhAryam / kimayaM bhedAgrahaH samAropotpAdanakrameNa vyavahArakAraNamastu, utAnutpAditAropa eva svayamiti / na ca dvitIyaH pakSa eva zreyAn / tAvataiva vyavahArotpattAvAropasya gaurava-doSaduSTatvAditi mantavyam / viziSTavyavahArasya vishissttjnyaanpuurvktvniymenaajnyaanpuurvktvaanupptteH| yadi mImAMsaka uparyukta rUpa meM vikalpa ko hI svIkAra kareM to unheM yaha spaSTa karanA cAhie ki yaha bhedAgraha samAropa kI utpatti ke krama se vyavahAra kA prayojaka hai yA binA Aropa kI utpatti kiye svayaM hI vyavahAra ko calAtA hai ? [ sIpI para rajata ke svarUpa kA Aropa bhedAgraha ke hI kAraNa hotA hai / yahI Aropa vyavahAra yA pravRtti utpanna karatA hai, isalie Aropa ke krama se bhedAgraha vyavahArAdi kA kAraNa hai, aisA mAnate haiN| dUsarA vikalpa hai ki bhedAgraha rajata ke svarUpa ko sIpI para binA Aropita kiye hI vyavahAra kA pravartana karatA hai| dasarA pakSa ho koI adhika acchA nahIM hai kyoMki yadi utane se hI vyavahAra kI siddhi ___ hotI hai to Aropa ko isa vivAda meM le AnA kalpanAgaurava ke doSa se dUSita ho jaaygaa| yaha samajheM / yaha niyama hai ki viziSTa vyavahAra viziSTa jJAna ke bAda hI ho sakatA hai, isalie ajJAna ( bhedAgraha ) ke bAda [ viziSTa vyavahAra kI ] siddhi nahIM hotii| [ jaise puruSa meM daNDa kI viziSTatA jAnakara hI yaha vyavahAra hotA hai ki yaha daNDI hai vaise hI sAmane ke padArtha meM rajatatva ko viziSTatA jAnakara hI 'yaha cA~do hai aisA vyavahAra kreNge| ajJAna se yaha vyavahAra kabhI sambhava nahIM / bheda-jJAna na honA hI ajJAna hai| yadi ajJAna hI vyavahAra kA kAraNa hotA to sAmane ke padArtha ke sannikarSa ke pUrva bhI to vaha sulabha hI thA to vaisA vyavahAra kyoM nahIM huA, athavA pravRtti kyoM nahIM huI ? isalie cetana ke vyavahAra kA kAraNa jJAna hI hai, ajJAna nahIM / vizeSa-sattAmAtravAle vikalpoM meM dUsare ko to kATa diyA gayA kintu pahale ko zaMkara svayaM svIkara kareMge / tadanusAra AropapUrvaka bhedAgraha ke kAraNa hI rajata kI pratIti hotI hai|

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zAMkara-darzanam 707 ( 13 ka. rajata kA sIpI para Aropa ) nanvayaM vyavahAro nAjJAnapUrvaka ityanAkalitaparAbhisandhiH svasiddhAntasiddhArthAda yadi kazcicchaGketa, sa prativaktavyaH / zuktikAviSayasya grahaNasyAsamohitaviSayatvena rajatArthipravRttihetutvAsambhavAdanvayavyatirekAbhyAM rajatajJAnasya samIhitaviSayatvena pravRttihetutvasambhavAccedamarthAbhisambhinnagrahaviviktasyApi rajatasmaraNasya kAraNatvaM vktvym| yadi koI ( mImAMsaka ) apane siddhAnta ke siddha artha ke anusAra zaMkA kare aura yaha vyavahAra ( sIpI meM cAMdI kA vyavahAra ) ajJAnapUrvaka nahIM hai' isa rUpa meM jo dUsaroM ( vedAntiyoM) kI abhisandhi ( dhAraNA, hold ) hai usakA dhyAna na rakhe to use isa prakAra uttara denA hogaa| ye mImAMsaka Aropa kI AvazyakatA kI siddhi karanevAle vedAnta ke gUDha abhiprAya ko nahIM samajhate / isalie aisA kahate haiM / ] __sIpI ke viSaya kA jo grahaNa hai vaha abhISTa viSaya nahIM hai isalie rajata ke icchuka vyakti meM vaha pravRtti utpanna nahIM kara sakatA / dUsarI ora anvaya-vyatireka se, rajata-jJAna abhISTa viSaya hone ke kAraNa pravRtti utpanna kara sakatA hai| ina donoM kAraNoM se, 'idam' artha se saMyukta usake pratyakSAnubhava se pRthak hone para bhI rajata ke smaraNa ko hI kAraNa mAnanA caahie| [ iSTa vastu kA jJAna hone para pravRtti hotI hai usake abhAva meM nahIMisa prakAra anvaya aura vyatireka ke dvArA nirNaya hotA hai ki rajata kA jJAna hI pravRtti kA kAraNa hai| lekina smaraNAtmaka rajata-jJAna ko pravRtti-kAraNa kahanA sambhava nahIM hai| jJAna aura icchA kA viSaya samAna hone para bhI, icchA aura pravRtti kA samAna viSaya nahIM raha pAyegA / icchA kA viSaya ( iSTa ) rajata bhale hI ho parantu vaha pravRtti kA viSaya nahIM hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki pravRtti 'idam' ke artha kI ora abhimukha ho rahI hai| to yahA~ para jisakI ora pravRtti hai, vahI vastu jJAna yA icchA kA viSaya bana jAtI hai-ise kisI taraha siddha karanA hI hai| yaha 'idam' kA artha, jo pravRtti kA viSaya banA huA hai, usakI siddhi taba taka nahIM hogI, jaba taka icchA ke viSaya-rajata-kA Aropa nahIM mAneMge / ise hI Age samajhA rahe haiN|] ___ tacca vaktuM na shkyte| jAnAti icchati tataH pravartata iti nyAyena jJAnecchApravRttInAM samAnaviSayatvena bhAvyam / tathA cedaMkArAspadAbhimukhapravRttasya rajatArthinastadicchAnibandhanam / anyathA anyadicchannanyad vyavaharatIti vyAhanyeta / tathA ca yadIdaMkArAspadaM rajatAvabhAsagocaratAM nAcarekathaM rajatArtho tadicchet / yadyarajatatvAgrahaNAditi brUyAt rajatatvAgrahAtkasmAdayaM nopekSeteti /

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe kintu yaha kahA nahIM jA sakatA [ ki smaraNAtmaka rajata jJAna pravRtti utpanna karatA haiM ] / eka niyama hai ki manuSya kisI vastu ko jAnatA hai, taba usakI icchA karatA hai aura anta meM usake lie pravRtta hotA hai - isase spaSTa hai ki jJAna, icchA aura pravRtti kA viSaya eka hI vastu rahanI caahie| usake anusAra, jo rajatArthI 'idam' zabda ke dvArA pratIta vastu kI ora pravRtta huA hai, usako icchA bhI usI ( 'idam ' zabda ke dvArA pratIta vastu ) para AdhArita hai / yadi aisA nahIM hogA to dUsarI vastu kI icchA ho aura vyavahAra dUsarI vastu kA kareM - aisA vyAghAta hone kI sambhAvanA hogI / 708 aisI sthiti meM yadi 'idam ' zabda kA pratIti-viSaya rajata jJAna ko viSaya nahIM banAtA ( = 'idam ' se rajata kA jJAna nahIM hotA ) to rajatAtha usakI icchA kaise karegA ? yadi ye uttara deM ki [ sAmane meM vidyamAna vastu ] rajata se bhinna hai, aisA grahaNa nahIM hotA [ isIlie rajatArthI usakI icchA karegA ] to hama kaheMge ki [ unhIM mImAMsakoM ke mata se ] cU~ki sannihita vastu kA rajata ke rUpa meM grahaNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai, isalie usakI upekSA vaha kyoM nahIM karegA ? [ rajata ke rUpa meM grahaNa na hone se udhara pravRtti hI nahIM hogI - yaha uttara diyA jA sakatA hai / upekSA = pravRtti nahIM honA / ] yugapattadbhava - bhedAgrahA bhedAgraha - nibandhanAbhyAmupAdAnopekSAbhyAM purataH pRSThatazvAkRSyamANaH puruSo dolAyamAnatayA rUpyAropamantareNopAdAnapakSa eva na vyavasthApyata ityanicchatA'pyacchamatinA samAropaH samAzrayaNIyaH / yathAha - bhedAgrahAdidaMkArAspade rajatatvamAropya tajjAtIyasyopakArahetubhAvamanusmRtya tajjAtIyatvenAsyApi tadanumAya tadarthI pravartata iti prathamaH pakSaH prazasyaH / isase eka hI sAtha ( Simultaneously ) rajata ke bheda kA ajJAna aura rajata ke abheda kA [ donoM utpanna hoMge jina ] para AdhArita upAdAna ( pravRtti ) aura upekSA ( apravRtti ) ke dvArA puruSa ( rajatArthI ) Age-pIche kI ora khiMcane lagegA / [ uparyukta donoM ajJAna eka hI sAtha vidyamAna raheMge / apanA-apanA kArya ve eka hI sAtha kareMge / lekina pravRtti aura apravRtti donoM eka hI sAtha sambhava nahIM hotI / ] vaha manuSya kiMkartavyavimUr3ha ( Confused ) hone se taba taka pravRtti ke pakSa meM samajhA nahIM jA sakatA jaba taka hama rajata kA sIpI para Aropa nahIM mAna leM / [ rajata kA Aropa mAna lene se vyakti kI pravRtti usa Aropita rajata kI ora saralatA se siddha ho jAyagI / ] isa taraha Apa jaise svaccha buddhi ke vyakti ko, icchA na rahate hue bhI samAropa ( Imposition ) mAna hI lenA cAhie / jaisA ki kahA hai-bheda ke ajJAna ke kAraNa 'idam' zabda ke dvArA pratipAdita vastu para rajatatva kA Aropa karake, usa jAtivAle ( rajata ) padArtha ko upakAra kA kAraNa

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zAMkara-darzanam 709 ( Beneficial ) smaraNa karake, usI jAti kA hone ke kAraNa isa ( Aropita rajata ) ke upakAra kA kAraNa hone kA anumAna karake usako kAmanA se puruSa pravRtta hotA hai / isalie pahalA pakSa ( arthAt Aropa utpanna karake bhedAjJAna vyavahAra kA kAraNa banatA hai ) mAnanA acchA hai| vizeSa anumAna kA rUpa isa taraha kA hai - (1) sAmane meM vidyamAna padArtha upakAraka hai / ( pratijJA ) (2) kyoMki yaha rajata hai / ( hetu ) ( 3 ) jaise pahale ke anubhava kA rajata / ( udAharaNa ) yahA~ smaraNIya hai ki jaba taka hama rajata ko Aropita na mAneM taba taka pakSa meM hetu ko sattA nahIM ho sakatI / pakSa hai purovarto padArtha, hetu hai rajatatva / na ca taTastharajatasmaraNapakSe'pi hetogahItatvenAyaM mArgaH samAna iti vAcyam / rajatatvasya hetoH pakSadharmatvAbhAvAt / na ca pakSadharmatAyA abhAve'pi vyAptibalAdgamakatvaM shngkym| vyAptipakSadharmatAvalliGgasyaiva gamakatvAGgIkArAt / Apa aisA bhI nahIM kaha sakate ki taTastha ( pahale se anubhUta tathA anAropita ) rajata kA smaraNa mAnanevAle pakSa meM bhI to hetu ko grahaNa kara lene se yaha mArga eka taraha kA ho hai| [zaMkA kA yahI Azaya hai ki rajata kA smaraNa karane se Aropa ke binA bhI hetu kA jJAna hone ke kAraNa anumAna karanA AsAna hai / hetu 'rajatatva' usameM diyA jA sakatA hai / parantu zaMkA isalie ThIka nahIM hai ] kyoMki 'rajatatva' ko hetu jo banAyeMge vaha ( hetu ) pakSa (= 'idam' kA artha ) kA dharma nahIM rkhtaa| [ pUrvapakSI Aropa ko to svIkAra nahIM kara rahA hai, isalie 'idam' ke dvArA abhihita vastu meM rajatatva hetu kI vRtti nahIM hogii| 'idam' ko to grahaNa mAnate haiM, rajata ko smaraNa / ] uttara meM Apa yaha nahIM kaha sakate ki pakSa-dharmatA ( Minor Premise, hetu aura pakSa kA sambandha batalAnevAlA vAkya ) ke binA bhI kevala vyApti ( Major Premise, hetu aura sAdhya kA sambandha batalAnevAlA vAkya ) bala se hama hetu ko jJApaka mAna lNge| yaha svIkRta siddhAnta hai ki vyApti aura pakSadharmatA se yukta liMga ( sAdhana, Middle Term ) hI jJApaka ho sakatA hai / [ ataH hetu kI pakSa meM vRtti honA parama Avazyaka hai, nahIM to anumAna hogA hI nhiiN| tadAhuHzabarasvAminaH-jJAtasambandhasyaiva puMso liGgaviziSTadhayekadezadarzanAlliGgiviziSTadhayekadezabuddhiranumAnamiti / AcAryo'pyavocat 40. sa eSa cobhayAtmA yo gamye gamaka iSyate / asiddhanaikadezena gamyAsiddharna bodhakaH // iti /

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710 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ise zabara svAmI kahate haiM-'jo vyakti [ sAdhana aura sAdhya-jaise dhUma aura agni kA ] sambandha jAnatA hai vaha jaba liMga ( sAdhana-dhUma ) se viziSTa dharmI ( jaise parvata, jaMgala Adi jahA~ bhI dhUma ho ) kA eka bhAga dekhakara liMgI ( sAdhya-agni ) meM viziSTa dharmI ( parvata ) ke eka bhAga kA bodha karatA hai, to vahI anumAna hai|' [ sAdhanayukta dharmI ko dekhakara usakI sAdhyayuktatA kA jJAna karanA anumAna hai| koI nayI cIja zabara svAmI ne nahIM kahI hai| hamAre AcArya ne bhI kahA hai-'gamya ( sAdhya ) meM jo jJApaka ( gamaka = sAdhana, hetu, liMga ) liyA jAtA hai vaha ubhayAtmaka ( arthAt vyApti-viziSTa aura pakSa meM sthita bhI ) hotA hai / yadi usakA eka bhAga bhI asiddha ho gayA ( jaise hetu vyAptiyukta hone para bhI pakSaniSTha na ho yA pakSaniSTha hone para bhI vyAptimAna na rahe ) to gamya ( sAdhya ) kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI isalie vaisA hetu sAdhya kA bodhaka nahIM ho sakatA // 40 // ' (14. Aropa ke viSaya meM zaMkA samAdhAna ) nanu bhavatpakSe'pi puraHsthitasyedamarthasya paramArthato rajatatvaM nAstIti na rajatatvaM dharmekadeza iti cenna / yakSAnurUpo baliritinyAyenAnumityAbhAsAnuguNasyaikadezasya vidyamAnatvAt / tathA ca prayogaH vivAdAdhyAsitaM rajatajJAnaM purotiviSayaM rajatArthinastatra niyamena pravartakatvAt / yaduktasAdhanaM taduktasAdhyam, yathobhayavAdisammataM satyarajatajJAnam / . vivAdapadaM zuktizakalaM rajatajJAnaviSayo'vyavadhAnena rajatArthipravRttiviSayatvAdrajatapadasamAnAdhikaraNapadAntaravAcyatvAdvA vasturajatavat / ___ koI zaMkA kara sakatA hai ki Apake pakSa (sIpI para rajata kA AropavAlA pakSa ) meM bhI to sAmane meM vidyamAna 'idam' kA artha ( pratIta vastu ) vAstava meM rajata nahIM haiM isalie 'rajatatva' [ hetu jo Apane Upara diyA hai vaha ] dharmI ( parvatAdi ) kA eka bhAga nahIM bana sktaa| parantu aisI bAta nahIM hai / 'yajJa ke anusAra bali dI jAtI hai' isa niyama se anumAna ke dvArA yaha jJAta hotA hai ki dharmI kA eka bhAga pratIti ke anurUpa hI [ avAstavika rUpa meM ] vidyamAna hai / [ dharmI kA eka bhAga = rajatatva / 'idam' ke dvArA pratIta vastu meM sAdhya arthAt upakArakatA vastutaH to nahIM hai, kucha dera taka pratIta hotI hai| sAdhya yadi avAstavika hai to usake sAdhana ko kyA par3A hai ki vaha vAstavikatA banane jAya ? avAstavika sAdhya kA sAdhana-rajatatva-bhI yadi avAstavika ho jAya to kyA hAni hai ? upakArakatva kI jaisI pratIti, vaisI hI rajatatva kI / jaise ko taisA ! ] isake lie anumAna prayoga ( Form of inference ) isa rUpa meM hogA

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zAMkara-darzanam ( 1 ) vivAdAspada rajatajJAna sAmane meM vidyamAna viSaya se yukta hai / ( pratijJA ) ( 2 ) kyoMki rajatArthI usakI ora niyama se pravRtta hote haiM / ( hetu ) ( 3 ) jisakA sAdhana usa taraha hai, usakA sAdhya bhI vaisA hI hogA jaise donoM vAdiyoM ke dvArA svIkRta sacce rajata kA jJAna / ( vyApti + udAharaNa ) [ isa anumAna se yaha siddha huA ki rajataviSayaka jJAna purovana padArthaviSayaka hai / ataH rajata aura purovartI padArtha meM tAdAtmya kI siddhi ho jAtI hai / aba dUsare anumAna se yaha siddha kara rahe haiM ki sIpI kA Tukar3A cA~dI ke jJAna kA viSaya hai ataeva sIpI aura cAMdI meM tAdAtmya hai / ina donoM tAdAtmyoM kI upapatti Aropa se hI hotI hai / yaha dUsarA anumAna leM - ] ( 1 ) vivAdAspada sIpI kA Tukar3A cA~dI ke jJAna kA viSaya hai / ( pratijJA ) ( 2 ) kyoMki rajatArthI kI pravRtti binA vyavadhAna ke usI ora hotI hai, kyoMki 'rajata zabda ke samAnAdhikaraNa dUsare pada ( ' idam ' ) kA vaha ( sIpI kA Tukar3A ) vAcya hai | ( hetu ) ( 3 ) jaise vAstavika cAMdI hotI hai / ( udAharaNa ) ( 14 ka. mImAMsakoM ke tarkoM kA uttara ) 711 yaduktaM rajatajJAnasya zuktikAlambanatve'nubhavavirodha iti tadapyayuktam / vikalpAsahatvAt / tathA hi-tatra kiM rajatAkArapratIti prati zukterAlambanatve'nubhava virodha udbhAvyate idamaMzasya vA ? I nAdyaH / anaGgIkAraparAhatatvAt / na dvitIyaH / idantAniyatadezAdhikaraNasya cAkacikyaviziSTasya vastuto rajatajJAnAlambanatvamanavalambamAnasya bhavata evAnubhavavirodhAt / idaM rajatamiti sAmAnAdhikaraNyena purovartinyaGgulinirdezapUrvakamupAdAnAdivyavahAradarzanAcca / Apa kahate haiM ki rajata kA jJAna yadi sIpI para AdhArita ho jAya to anubhava kA virodha hogA / kintu yaha bAta yuktisaMgata nahIM hai kyoMki kisI bhI nimnokta vikalpa ko sahane kI zakti isameM nahIM hai / vikalpa ye haiM : -- Apa anubhava kA virodha kahA~ para mAnate haiM ? kyA rajata ke AkAra kI pratIti sIpI para AdhArita hotI hai taba, yA 'idam' aMza para AdhArita hotI hai taba ? [ sabhI logoM kA yaha anubhava hai ki cA~dI kI pratIti purovartI padArtha para nirbhara karatI hai| phira bhI anubhava - virodha mAnanevAle kahate haiM ki purovartI padArtha sIpI ke rUpa meM cAMdI kI pratIti kA AdhAra hai, isI se anubhava kA virodha hotA hai / athavA 'idam ' aMza ke rUpa meM vaha AdhAra hogA / aba donoM kA khaNDana karate haiM / ] ( 1 ) purovartI padArtha sIpI ke rUpa meM rajatajJAna kA AdhAra nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki ise hama svIkAra nahIM karate / ataH yaha khaNDita ho gayA [ ki isameM anubhava kA virodha hogA / hama isa rUpa meM rajata kA Aropa mAnate nahIM, jisase anubhavavirodha kI ukta

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712 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe prakriyA hama para lAgU nahIM ho sakatI / isameM saphAI dene kA sthAna hI nahIM hai / hA~, [ yadi anubhava - virodha Apa 'idam' ke aMza para AdhArita rajatajJAna meM mAneM to saphAI deMge - ] ( 2 ) yaha dUsarA vikalpa ThIka nahIM kyoMki jisa vastu kA AdhAra 'idam' aMza se niyata ( purovartI ) sthAna hI hai tathA jo ( vastu ) cAkacikya ( jagamagAhaTa ) se yukta hai use rajata ke jJAna kA AdhAra na mAnane se ApakI ukti hI anubhava kA virodha karatI hai / [ ApakA kathana galata hai / jisakI A~kheM dUSita haiM vaha vyakti sAmane meM par3I cIja ko dekhakara usako jagamagAhaTa se apane antaHkaraNa meM usakI vRtti baiThAtA hai / dravya kA nizcaya to nahIM ho sakatA- sIpI ke rUpa meM antaHkaraNa kI vRtti nahIM jagI hai / jagI hai to 'idam' ke rUpa meM purovartI padArtha para AdhArita rajatajJAna anubhavasiddha hai / yadi koI nahIM mAnatA to vahI anubhava ke viruddha jA rahA hai / ] dUsare, 'idam rajatam' isa prakAra samAnAdhikaraNa hone ke kAraNa purovatoM padArtha meM aMguli kA nirdeza karake bhI pravRtti Adi vyavahAra dekhe jAte haiM / [ koI aMguli dikhAkara kahatA hai ki yaha cA~dI hai, to use lene ke lie hama cala par3ate haiM / ] yaccoktam - doSANAmautsagika kAryaprasavazaktipratibandhakatayA viparItakAritvaM nAstIti / tadapyayuktam / dAvadagdhavetrabIjAdau tathA darzanAt / na ca dagdhasya vetrabIjatvaM nAstIti mantavyam / zyAmasya ghaTastha raktatAmAtreNa ghaTatvanivRttiprasaGgAt / nanu ghaTo'yaM ghaTo'yamityanuvRttayoH pratyayaprayogayoH sadbhAvAd ghaTatvasya sadbhAva iti cet na / atrApIdaM vetrabIjamiti tayoH samAnatvAt / Apane yaha bhI kahA thA ki doSa kAryotpAdana kI svAbhAvika zakti kA kevala pratibandha kara sakate haiM ( dekhiye -- anu0 11 ka ) ataH ye viparIta kArya utpanna nahIM kara sakate ( arthAt doSa kevala AvaraNa karane meM samartha haiM vikSepa meM nahIM ) / yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki dAvAgni se jale hue bIja meM vaha zakti (viparIta kAryotpAdana kI ) dekhate haiM / Apa yaha na soceM (jaisA ki ukta sthala para hamArI zaMkA kA uttara dete hue kiyA thA ) ki jala jAne para vaha beMta kA bIja rahA hI nhiiN| aisA yadi hotA to kAle ( kacce ) ghar3e meM po para yadi lAlI Ane lagatI to basa itane se hI vaha ghaTa-saMjJA se rahita ho jAtA / [ isase siddha huA ki parimANa hone ke kAraNa svAbhAvika dharma kI hAni nahIM hotI / na kA bI jalane para bhI beMta kA bIja hI hai / ataH vaha viparIta kArya utpanna karane meM samartha hai hI / ] aba yaha zaMkA kI jA sakatI hai ki [ uparyukta ghaTa ke udAharaNa meM ] yaha ( kaccA ) mAM ghaTa hai, vaha (pakA ) bhI ghaTa hI hai - yahA~ [ ghaTaviSayaka ] pratIti aura vyavahAra donoM

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zAMkara-darzanam 713 hI anuvRtta arthAt pahale kI taraha hote haiM / donoM ke vidyamAna rahane se vahA~ ghaTatva hI vidyamAna hai [ jisase kacce aura pakke dhar3oM meM 'ghaTa' zabda kA hI vyApAra hotA hai / vaha bAta yahA~ para lAgU nahIM hai ] parantu yaha zaGkA isalie Thoka nahIM ki yahA~ para bhI donoM sthitiyoM meM vaha beMta kA bIja eka samAna hI hai| tathA bhasmakadoSadUSitasya jATharAgnerbahvannapacanasAmayaM dRzyate / na ca bahvannapacanasAmarthya jATharasyaiva jAtavedaso na bhasmakavyAdheriti vaktuM yuktam / tasya mandamalpapacanasAmarthe'pi sahasA mahatpacanasya bhasmakavyAdhisAhAyakamantareNAnupapatteH / anyathA sarveSAM tthaaptteH| ___usI prakAra bhasmaka-doSa se dUSita jaTharAgni meM bahuta-sA anna pacAne kI sAmarthya dekhate haiN| yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM hai ki bahuta-sA anna pacAne kI sAmarthya kevala jaTharAgni meM hI hai, bhasmaka roga meM nhiiN| usa (jaTharAgni ) meM dhIre-dhIre thor3A-sA anna pacAne kI sAmarthya hone para bhI akasmAt adhika-se-adhika anna pacAne kI zakti taba taka siddha nahIM hotI jaba taka bhasmaka-rogarUpI doSa kI sahAyatA na le lI jAya / yadi aisA nahIM ho to sabhI ( jaTharAgniyoM) ke sAtha yaha bAta hone lagegI [ ki ve adhika-se-adhika anna pacAne lageMgI-cAhe bhasmaka roga rahe yA na rahe / parantu aisA nahIM dekhate / isase yaha siddha haA ki doSoM kA AvirbhAva ho jAne para kriyA viparIta bhI hotI hai / ] kiM ca jJAnAnAM yathArthavyavahArakAraNatve'pi doSavazAdayathArthavyavahArakAraNatvamaGgokurvANo bhavAneva paryanuyojyo bhavati / taduktaM bhASye-'yazcobhayoH samAno doSo dyotate tatra kazvodyo bhavatIti' / atrApyuktam 41. yazcobhayoH samo doSaH parihAro'pi vA smH| naikaH paryanuyoktavyastAdagarthavicAraNe // iti| . isake atirikta jaba Apa ( mImAMsaka ) yaha svIkAra karane lagate haiM ki jJAna yathArtha * vyavahAra kA kAraNa hone para bhI doSa ke kAraNa ayathArtha vyavahAra ke prayojaka haiM to apane hI tarkoM se Apa svayaM pakar3e jAte haiN| [ yaha Azaya hai-mImAMsakoM ke anusAra purovartI padArtha kA pratyakSa ( idam ) aura rajata kA smaraNa ( rajatam ), ye donoM jJAna sacce haiM kintu doSa ke kAraNa eka hI jJAna se utpanna jaisA vyavahAra jo karate haiM vaha asatya hai| isakA artha hai ki Apa svayaM svIkAra karate haiM ki doSa yathArtha vyavahAra ke viparIta ayathArtha vyavahAra ke rUpa meM kArya utpanna karate haiM / dhanya hai mImAMsakajI, svayaM to doSoM meM viparIta kAryotpAdana-zakti mAnate haiM aura hama para lAJchana lagAte haiM ki Apa aisA mAnate haiM / donoM to eka hI taraha ke doSa se yukta haiM / kauna kise doSI ghoSita kare ? ] ___ ise bhASya meM kahA hai-'donoM meM jaba samAna doSa dikhalAI par3a rahA hai to usameM kise lAMchanIya samajheM ?' yahA~ bhI kahA gayA hai--( 41 ) jaba donoM pakSoM meM eka samAna

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714 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe doSa ho aura usakA parihAra ( nirAkaraNa ) bhI eka hI samAna ho to vaise padArtha ke vivecana meM kisI eka para lAMchana lagAnA ThIka nahIM hai / ' tathApi mAmakasyAnumAnasya kiM dUSaNaM dattamAsIt ? yadyanumAnadUSaNaM vinA na parituSyati, hanta, kAlAtyayApadiSTatA / kRSNavartmAnuSNatvAnumAnavat / etAvantaM kAlaM yadidaM rajatamityabhAdasau zuktiriti pratyakSeNa prAcIna pratyayasyAyathArthatvaM pravedayatA yathArthatvAnumAnasyApahRtaviSayatvAd bAdhyatvasambhavAt / Apane kyA doSa lagAyA ? phira bhI hamAre ( mImAMsakoM ke ) dvArA diye gaye anumAna meM vedAntI kahate haiM ki ] acchI bAta, mahodaya, yadi anumAna meM doSa dikhAye binA Apa santuSTa nahIM ho rahe haiM to suniye- - Apake anumAna meM kAlAtyayApadiSTa yA bAdhita hetvAbhAsa hai / vaha vaisA hI anumAna hai jaise agni ko anuSNa siddha karane ke lie anumAna diyA jAya / [ agni anuSNa hai kyoMki yaha dravya hai jaise jala / yaha anumAna pratyakSa pramANa se hI bAdhita hotA hai / ] 1 isa samaya taka jo padArtha rajata ke rUpa meM pratIta hotA rahA hai vaha sIpI hai - isa taraha pratyakSa pramANa hI prAcIna pratIti kI ayathArthatA siddha karatA hai / yathArthatA siddha karane vAle anumAna kA viSaya apahRta ho jAtA hai / ( cA~dI sIpI bana jAtI hai ) / isalie vaha bAdhya to hai hI / yaccoktaM svagocaravyabhicAre sarvAnAzvAsaprasaGga iti / tadasAmpratam / saMvidAM kvacitsaMvAdivyavahArajanakatve'pi na sarvatra tacchaGkayA pravRttyuccheda iti, tathA tAvake'pi mate tathA mAmake'pyasau panthA na vArita iti samAnayogakSematvAt / tautAtitamatamavalambya vidhivivekaM vyAkurvANaM rAcAryavAcaspatimizrabodhakatvena svataH prAmANyaM na vyabhicAreNeti nyAyakaNikAyAM pratyapAdi / tasmAdavizvAsazaGkA anavakAzaM labhate / Apane yaha kahA ki yadi [ jJAna meM ] apane viSaya kA vyabhicAra mAneM ( viSaya ke yathArtha na hone para bhI usakA jJAna svIkAra kareM aura viSaya se vyabhicarita honevAlA jJAna mAneM to sabhI vyaktiyoM kI pravRtti ( AzvAsana, vizvAsa ) ruka jAyagI / para aisI bAta ) nahIM hai | jJAna se kahIM-kahIM saMvAdI ( vyabhicarita, yathArtha ke sAtha ayathArtha ) vyavahAra kI utpatti hotI hai, phira bhI saba jagaha vaisA hI hone kI zaMkA se pravRtti kA bilkula nAza 1. vivAdAspada pratItiyA~ yathArtha haiM, kyoMki ve pratItiyA~ haiM, jaise daNDI kI pratIti / dekhiye anu0 12ka kA anta /

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bhokara-varzanam 715 hI nahIM ho jAtA / jisa taraha Apa ke mata meM aisA hone para bhI pravRtti nahIM rukatI, usI taraha hamAre mata meM bhI [ vyabhicarita hone para bhI mArga banda nahIM hotA ] kyoMki hama donoM ke yogakSema ( sampAdya viSaya aura praNAlI ) samAna hI haiN| [ vedAntI loga viSaya ke yathArtha rUpa meM na hone para bhI jJAna mAnate hue viSaya kA vyabhicAra grahaNa karate haiM / mImAMsaka loga vyavahAra ke yathArtha na hone para bhI jJAna ko usa vyavahAra kA prayojaka mAnate haiM aura jJAna meM vyavahAra kA vyabhicAra mAnate haiN| donoM ko avizvAsa to hai hI-yaha doSa donoM meM hai / koI gaGgA meM tairate samaya DUba gayA to koI bhI gaGgA meM nahIM teregA, aisI bAta nahIM dekhate / ataH kahIM para vyabhicAra pAkara pravRti sarvatra ruka hI nahIM jAtI- yaha hama donoM vAdI mAnate haiM / ] tautAtita (kumArila bhaTTa ) ke mata kA anusaraNa karake vidhiyoM kI vivecanA karate hae AcArya vAcaspati mizra ne nyAyakaNikA meM pratipAdana kiyA hai ki [ apUrva artha kA ] bodhaka hone ke kAraNa vidhi ko apane Apa meM prAmANika mAnate haiM na ki [ phala kA] vyabhicAra hone ke kaarnn| [jahA~ para vAcaspati ne isakA pratipAdana kiyA hai usakA viSaya kucha isa prakAra kA hai-cArvAkapakSI zaMkA karate haiM ki veda meM vihita putrakAma iSTi sampanna kara lene para bhI kahIM-kahIM putra kI utpatti nahIM dekhate ataH phala kA vyabhicAra ( Inconsistency ) dekhakara sambaddha vidhi ko aprAmANika maaneN| isI para vAcaspati kA kahanA hai ki vidhi svataH pramANa hai kya ki apUrva vidhi hai-isake pratipAdita artha kI prApti kisI dUsare sAdhana se nahIM hotii| phala ke vyabhicAra se isake prAmANya para koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa|] isalie avizvAsa ( anAzvAsa ) kI zaMkA kA koI sthAna hI nhiiN| (15. mAdhyamika bauddhoM kA khaNDana-bhramavicAra ) nanu mAdhyamikamatAvalambanena rajatAdivibhramAlambanamasaditi cettaduktam / asato'parokSapratibhAsAyogyatvAt / tadupAditsayA pravRttyanupapattezca / __ nanu vijJAnameva vAsanAdisvakAraNAsAmarthyAsAditadRSTAntasiddhasvabhAvavizeSamasatprakAzanasamarthanamupajAtam / asatprakAzanazaktiravidyA saMvRtiriti paryAyAH / tasmAdavidyAvazAdasanto bhAntIti cet tadapi vaktumazakyam / mAdhyamika-mata kA avalambana lene para yaha zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki rajata Adi ke vibhrama kA AdhAra ( sIpI ) hI asat hai / [ mAdhyamika bauddhoM ( Nihilists ) ke mata se sabhI padArtha zUnya haiM ataH sIpI bhI to asat hI hai| ] isa kA uttara to de diyA gayA hai ki eka to, asat aparokSa ( pratyakSa ) meM pratIta ho nahIM sakatA [ jaba ki sIpI meM rajata kA

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716 sarvadarzanasaMgrahebhrama pratIta hotA hai ]; dUsare, [ ukta bhrama ke AdhAra para jo rajata-grahaNa kI pravRtti logoM meM dekhate haiM | usake grahaNa kI icchA se logoM meM vaha pravRtti nahIM ho skegii| [aba ye zUnyavAdI mAdhyamika loga kaheMge ki vAsanA asat ke prakAzana ko zakti rakhatI hai-asat hone para bhI sat kI taraha prakAzita hotI hai| usakA yaha prakAzana anAdikAla se calA A rahA hai| vaha vAsanA hI asat vijJAna ko sat ke rUpa meM prakAzita karatI hai / jisa taraha vaha svayaM prakAzita hotI hai usI taraha vijJAna meM bhI asat-prakAzana ko zakti de detI hai| svapna ke dRSTAnta se hama jAna lete haiM ki vijJAna meM asat-prakAzana kI zakti hai / jaise svapnAvasthA meM asat padArthoM kA prakAzana hotA hai . usI taraha vijJAna bhI asat-padArthoM kA prakAzana karatA hai / ise hI kahate haiM- [ yaha zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki vAsanA Adi apane kAraNoM kI zakti se prApta tathA [ svapna ke ] dRSTAnta se siddha eka vizeSa svabhAva vijJAna ko milatA hai aura vaha hai-asat padArthoM ke prakAzana kI kSamatA / use asat ke prakAzana kI zakti kaheM, avidyA kaheM yA saMvRti ( Concealment ) kaheM, [ koI antara nahIM kyoMki ] tInoM paryAya hI haiN| isIlie avidyA ke kAraNa hI asata padArtha pratIta hote haiN| yadi ye ( bauddha ) aisA kaheM to hama kaheMge ki isa prakAra kahanA bhI asambhava hai / [ kAraNa Age deNge|] zakyasya dunirUpyatvAt / kimatra zakyaM kArya jJApyaM vA ? nAdyaH / asataH kAraNatvAnupapatteH / na dvitIyaH / zakyasya kAraNatvenAGgIkRtatvAt / jJAnAdanyasya jJAnasyAnupalabdhazca / upalabdhau vA tasyApi jJApyatvena jJApakAntarApekSAyAmanavasthApattezca / zakya ( ghaTAdi ) padArtha kA nirUpaNa karanA hI kaThina hai / [ asat-prakAzana kI zakti jisameM hai vaha vijJAna zakta kahalAtA hai / vaha vijJAna apanI zakti se jina-jina padArthoM kA prakAzana karatA hai ve zakya haiM, jaise-ghaTa, paTa, vRkSa Adi / ] kyA yahA~ para zakya padArtha kArya ( Product, utpanna padArtha ) hai ] daNDAdi kA kArya jaise ghaTa hai vaisA ] yA jJApya [ utpanna jJAna kA viSaya-jaise dIpAdi kA jJApya ghaTa hai vaisA ] hai ? pahalA vikalpa to hogA hI nahIM kyoMki asat vastu ( vijJAna bhI to asat hI haisarva zUnyam / ) ghaTAdi ( zakya kArya ) kA kAraNa nahIM bana sktii| dUsarA vikalpa [ ki zakya jJApya hai ] bhI ThIka nahIM kyoMki zakya padArtha ko kAraNa ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| [ yadi zakya ghaTAdi padArtha jJApya haiM to vijJAna inakA jJApaka hai / jJApaka aura jJApya meM sIdhA sambandha hai nahIM / jaise dIpaka ( jJApaka ) ghaTa Adi kA jJAna utpanna karatA hai vaise hI vijJAna ghaTAdi kA jJAna utpanna karatA hai / to, zakya ( ghaTa ) kAraNa nahIM ho sakA / ] dUsare eka jJAna ( vijJAna se utpanna vijJAna ) se bhinna dUsarA ( ghaTa ke viSaya meM ) jJAna pAyA nahIM jaataa| yadi Apa [ haThaparvaka ] kaheM ki

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zAMkara-varzanam 717 pAyA hI jAtA hai to jJApya hone ke kAraNa [ isa dUsare jJAna - - ghaTa-viSayaka jJAna ko ] bhI dUsare jJApaka kI apekSA hogI aura anta meM anavasthAdoSa hI sAtha lagegA / [ tAtparya yaha hai ki Apa eka vijJAna se ghaTa jJAna ( dUsarA jJAna ) mAnate haiM / isa dvitIya jJAna kA zakya arthAt ghaTAdi padArtha ) kArya nahIM hai, jJApya hI hai / jaba jJApya hai taba isa dvitIya jJAna kA bhI koI jJApaka hogA hI / jJApaka = jJAnotpAdaka / ataH isa dvitIya jJAna se tRtIya jJAna kI utpatti mAneM - usakA bhI koI jJApaka hogA, phira usakA jJApya / yaha sthiti ananta kAla taka calegI | athaitaddoSaparijihIrSayA vijJAnaM sadrUpamevAsataH prakAzakamiti kakSokriyata iti cet-atra devAnAMpriyaH praSTavyaH punaH / asau sadasatoH sambandho nirUpayanirUpakabhAvo'vinAbhAvo vA ? nAdyaH / asata upakArAdhAratvAyogenAnupakR tatayA nirUpyatvAnupapatteH / na caramaH / dhUmadhUmadhvaja yoriva tadutpattilakSaNasya, zizapAvRkSayoriva tAdAtmyalakSaNasya vA, avinAbhAva nidAnasya sadasatorasambhavAt / tasmAdvijJAnamevAsatprakAzakam - ityasadvAdinAmayamasatpralApa ityAropyamANaM nAsat / aba yadi ukta ( anavasthA ) doSa kA parihAra karane kI icchA se ye svIkAra kareM ki vijJAna sat ke rUpa meM hote hue bhI asat kA prakAzaka hai to usa mUrkhAdhirAja se pUchanA cAhie / [ yaha pratyuttara jo doSa ke parihAra ke rUpa meM diyA jA rahA hai vaha na to pUrNataH mAdhyamika-mata kI ora se diyA jA rahA hai kyoMki mAdhyamika-mata meM vijJAna ko bhI asat mAnate haiM jaba ki yahA~ vijJAna ko sadrUpa mAnA gayA hai / na yaha pratyuttara pUrNataH vijJAnavAdiyoM kI ora se diyA gayA hai kyoMki ve bAhya ghaTAdi padArthoM ko jJAnasvarUpa mAnate haiM aura yahAM vesA kiyA nahIM gayA hai / ataH zaMkA karanevAle 'AdhA tItara AdhA baTera' yA ardhajaratIya ( AdhA bUr3hA AdhA javAna ) ke nyAya se pratyuttara dete haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki mAdhavAcArya unake lie 'devAnAM priya:' ( mUrkha ) kA prayoga karate haiM / ] acchA kahiesat aura asat ke bIca uparyukta sambandha kisa rUpa meM hai, nirUpya tathA nirUpaka ke rUpa meM yA avinAbhAva ( Invariable relation ) ke rUpa meM ? inameM pahalA vikalpa ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki asat padArtha ( ghaTa Adi ) upakAra ( sAmarthya- vizeSa, atizaya ) kA AdhAra nahIM ho sakatA aura jaba taka usameM nirUpaka ( vijJAna ) ke dvArA atizaya kA AdhAna ( = use upakRta ) nahIM kiyA jAtA taba taka yaha nirUpya bana hI nahIM sakatA / [ cUMki asat vastu kisI kA Azraya nahIM ho sakatI ataH usameM sAmarthya kA AdhAna karanA sambhava hI nahIM hai / ] dUsarA vikalpa [ ki vyApti ke bala se vijJAna ghaTAdi kA jJApaka hai ] bhI ThIka nahIM kyoMki [ bauddhoM ke dvArA svIkRta avinAbhAva ke do hI kAraNa haiM--tadutpatti aura tAdA

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718 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe tmya / ] unameM sat (vijJAna) aura asat ( ghaTAdi ) ke bIca, na to dhUma aura agni kI taraha tadutpatti ( Causa ! relation ) se utpanna vyApti ( avinAbhAva ) sambhava hai, na hI zizapA aura vRkSa kI taraha tAdAtmya ( Law of identity ) se utpanna vyApti / ( dekhiye, bauddha darzana, anu0 1 ) / isalie, 'vijJAna hI asat padArtha kA prakAzaka hai' yaha asadvAdiyoM kA asat pralApa ( Ldle tallk ) hai / isa praka" - AropyamANa vastu asat nahIM hotI / 1 vizeSa - zUnyavAdI bauddhoM kA siddhAnta asatkhyAtivAda kahalAtA hai jisameM AropyamANa vastu ko asat kahate haiM / zaMkarAcArya Aropa ko bhrama yA mithyA bhale hI kahate hai, asat nahIM / / asat kA artha hai tInoM kAla meM bAdhita padArtha, jaise vandhyAputra, zazazRMga Adi / mAmAMsakoM ke siddhAnta kA nAma akhyAtivAda hai jisameM bhramajJAna nahIM mAnate / naiyAyika loga anyathAkhyAtivAda mAnate haiM jisake anusAra eka vastu ko pratIti dUsare rUpa meM hotI hai / vedAntiyoM kA siddhAnta anirvacanIyakhyAtivAda hai jisameM vastu ko sat, asat yA ubhayAtmaka rUpa meM vyakta karanA asambhava hai / yaha smaraNIya hai ki zaMkara sattA ke tIna rUpa mAnate haiM - pAramArthika, vyAvahArika aura prAtibhAsika | anirvacanIyatA pAramArthika dRSTikoNa se hI ho sakatI hai / vyAvahArika dRSTi se ve sabhI pratItiyAM ThIka haiM jinase hama dainika kArya karate haiM / pAramArthika dRSTi se ye bhrama haiM, kevala brahma hI satya hai / prAtibhAsika dRSTi se sIpI para rajata kA Aropa bhI sat hai kintu vyAvahArika dazA meM vaha bhrama hai / Upara kI sattA kI dRSTi se nIce kI sattAvAlI vastueM bhrama hotI haiM / sat kA hI kisI para Aropa hotA hai, asat kA nahIM / zaza para zRGga kA Aropa karate haiM kyoMki zRGga kI anyatra sattA sambhava hai / parantu aba zazazRGga kA kisI para Aropa nahIM kareMge kyoMki isakI sattA kahIM nahIM hai / ( 15 ka. vijJAnavAdiyoM kA khaNDana - bhramavicAra ) nanu vijJAnavAdinayAnusAreNa pratIyamAnaM rajataM jJAnAtmakam tatra ca yuktirabhidhIyate -- yadyathAnubhUyate tattathA / anyathAtvaM tu balabandAdhakopanipAtAdAsthIyata ityubhayavAdisammato'rthaH / tatra ca nedaM rajatamiti niSiddhedabhAvaM rajatamarthAdAntarajJAnarUpamavatiSThate / na cedantayA niSedhe sati anidantayA ca bahirapi vyavasthopapatteH kutaH saMvidAkAratetivAcyam / vyavahitasyAparokSatvAnupapattAvaparokSasya vijJAnasya kakSIkarttavyatvAt / tathA ca prayogaH vivAdapadaM vijJAnAkAraH, samprayogamantareNAparokSatvAta, vijJAnavaditi / [vijJAnavAdI pUrvapakSI ke rUpa meM kaha rahe haiM - ] vijJAnavAdiyoM ke siddhAnta ke anusAra, pratIta honevAlA rajata jJAnAtmaka hai / isake lie yukti ( Argument ) dI jAtI hai

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zAMkara-varzanam ___719 jisakA jaisA anubhava hotA hai vaha padArtha vaisA hI hai / usakA dUsare rUpa meM honA to kisI balavAn bAdhaka ke upAdAna ( Introduction ) se hI siddha hotA hai, yaha bAta donoM vAdiyoM ko (vijJAnavAdI aura vedAntI ko bhI ) mAnya hai| [ kisI ko pAnI garma lagA to yaha uSNatA jala kI nahIM hai, agni kI hI hai--yaha siddha hotA hai / anvaya-vyatireka se jala meM zIlalatA aura agni meM uSNatA ko siddhi hotI hai / jahA~ isa taraha kA koI bAdhaka na ho vahA~ to anubhava ke anusAra hI vastu kA nirNaya karanA cAhie / ] 'nedaM rajatama' meM jo rajata zabda hai use 'idam' ke artha se niSiddha kara diyA gayA hai / [nana kA artha hai niSedha ! usakA sambandha idaM ke sAtha hai, rajata ke sAtha nahIM arthAta rajata kA idabhAva se koI matalaba nahIM rhaa| rajata hai hI, parantu 'nedam' kahane se usake bAhara dikhAI dene kI bAta ruka gii| isa taraha ] artha se hI siddha huA ki vaha ( rajata ) Antarika jJAna ( yA vijJAna ) ke rUpa meM avasthita hai / aisA nahIM kahanA cAhie ki 'idam' ke rUpa meM niSedha ho jAne se 'nedam' ke rUpa meM bahirjagat se bhI to 'rajata ke hone kI vyavasthA siddha kI jA sakatI hai, phira Apa ise kevala saMvid yA vijJAna ke AkAra meM hI kaise mAnate haiM ? / aisA isalie nahIM kaheM kyoMki [ nedaM kahane se rajata ko bAhya-jagat meM vyavasthita karane ke samaya Apatti hogI ki rajata to ] vyavahita yA dUra ho gayA, vaha aparokSa (pratyakSa ) ke rUpa meM nahIM mAnA jA sakatA isalie use pratyakSa (Antara rUpa se) vijJAna hI mAnanA pdd'egaa| isake lie anumAna kA prayoga bhI hai - (1) vivAdAspada ( prastuta rajata ) vijJAna ke AkAra meM hai| (pratijJA / ( 2 ) kyoMki bAhyendriyoM ke sannikarSa se rahita hokara yaha pratyakSa hai| (hetu) ( 3 ) jaise vijJAna hotA hai / ( udAharaNa ) tadanupapannam / vikalpAsahatvAt / bAdhako'vabodhaH kiM sAkSAjJAnAkAratAM bodhayatyarthAdvA ? nAdyaH / nedaM rajatamiti pratyayasya rajatavivekamAtragocarasya jJAnAbhedagocaratAyAmanubhavavirodhAt / nedaM rajatamiti rajatasya purovartitvapratiSedho jJAnAkAratAM kalpayatIti cet-tadetadvArtam / prasaktapratiSedhAtmano bAdhakAvabodhasya tatraiva sttvaatprtissedhopptteH| vijJAnAkAratvasAdhanamapyavijJAnAkAre bahiSThe sAkSipratyakSe bhAvarUpAjJAne vartata iti svybhicaarH| 1. jo cAMdI yahA~ para nahIM hai to kahIM ghara meM peTI meM rakhI to ho sakatI hai ? yahA~ nahIM hone se bilkula Antara vijJAna meM hI hai, isakA kyA pramANa ? kahIM bhI bAhya jagata meM ho sakatI hai|

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720 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe[ aba vedAntI utara dete haiM ki ] ukta kathana asiddha hai kAraNa yaha hai ki nimna vikaloM ko yaha saha nahIM sktaa| yaha jo bAdhaka jJAna hai vaha kyA sIdhe hI jJAna ke AkAra kA bodha karAtA hai yA tAtparya ke dvArA ? pahalA vikala to grAhya nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki 'yaha rajata nahIM hai' pa ( bAdhaka ) pratIni kevala rajata ke bheda se hI sambandha rakhatI hai / yadi use rajata ke jJAna ke abheda ( svarUpa ) ke viSaya meM mAneMge to hamAre anubhava ke viruddha hogaa| ____ aba yadi Apa kaheM ki 'yaha rajata nahIM hai' yaha vAkya jo rajata ke purovartI ( sAmane ) hone kA niSedha karatA hai, vahI jJAna ke AkAra kA bodha karAtA hai (= tAtparya se isakA bodha ho, ) to hama kaheMge ki yaha vyartha haiN| bAdhaka jJAna prApta vastu kA niSedha karatA hai [ aprasakta vastu kA vidhAna nahIM / ] bAdhaka jJAna kI sattA vahIM ( sAmane kA sthAna ) para hai ataH pratiSedha kI siddhi ho jAtI hai| [ yahA~ para doSa ke kAraNa kalpita pratIyamAna rajata prapta hai / usakA pratiSedha samakSa hI hai| ataH isa pratiSedha ke vAstavika hone ke kAraNa Antara (vijJAnarUpa ) rajata kI siddhi tAtparya se nahIM hotii| sannihita na hone para bhI nahIM hI hotI hai|] [ ranata ko Apa vijJAnavAdiyoM ne 'bahirindriya ke sannikarSa ke binA hI pratyakSa hai' aisA hetu rekara vijJAnAkAra siddha karane kI ceSTA kI hai / vaha savyabhicAra hetu hai kyoMki isakI vRtti [ vyabhicArapUrvaka ] usa bhAvAtmaka ajJAna meM haiM jo vijJAnAkAra nahIM hai, [ saMsAra kA mUlakAraNa hone se ] bAhara avasthita hai tathA [ bAhyendriya, sannikarSa ke binA bhI ] 'maiM ujJa hU~' ke rUpa meM jisakA pratyakSa hotA hai / [ Upara ke vijJAnavAdiyoM ke anumAna meM saadhy-vijnyaanaakaartv-thaa| usakA abhAva bhAvAtmaka ajJAna meM hai| ukta anumAna ke hetu kI vRtta isameM bhI hai| sAdhyAbhAva meM vRti rahane se hetu savyabhicAra hai| ] (15 kha. naiyAyikoM ko anyathAkhyAti kA khaNDana ) nanvanyayAkhyAtivAdimatAnusAreNa rajatasya dezAntarasattvena bhAvyam / anyathA tasya pratiSedhapratiyogitvAnupapatteH / na hi kazcitprekSAvAJzazaviSANaM pratiddhaprabhavati / taduktam 42. vyAvAbhAvavattava bhAvikI hi vishessytaa| abhAvAvirahAtmatvaM vastunaH pratiyogitA // (nyA0 ku0 3 / 2) iti / tathA ca tasya dezAntarasattvamAzraNIyamiti cet--tadapi na pramANapaddhatimadhyAste / asataH saMsargasyeva kaladhautasya niSedhapratiyogitvopapatteH / [bauddhoM kI sahAyatA ke lie naiyAyika loga A dhamake / 'vaha rajata nahIM haiN| isameM pratiSedha hI spaSTa hai / tAtparya ( artha ) se Antarika vijJAna ke AkAra meM rajata kI siddhi

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zAMkara-darzanam 721 nahIM huI, na sahI / jo rajata pAsa meM nahIM hai, ghara kI peTI Adi meM hai usakI siddhi to tAtparya ke dvArA ho sakatI hai - pratiSedha rahe to bhI kyA Apatti hai ? unakA pakSa hai - ] anyathAkhyAti kA siddhAnta mAnanevAloM ke anusAra rajata kI sattA dUsare sthAna meM to mAnanI hI cAhie / yadi aisA nahIM kareMge to vaha pratiSedha kA pratiyogI nahIM ho sakegA / koI bhI aisA buddhimAna vyakti nahIM hogA jo 'kharahe kI sIMga' ( asambhava vastu ) kA pratiSedha karane meM samartha ho / [ isa prakAra jo rajata pAsa meM nahIM hai usakI sattA dUsarI | yaha tabhI sambhava jagaha hai| eka vastu kI pratIti dUsare rUpa meM ho, yahI anyathAkhyAti hai jaba dUsarA padArtha ( rajata ) sat ho, atyanta asat nahIM kyoMki usakI pratIti ho nahIM sktii| ] ise kahA hai - ' vyAvartya ( pratiyogI - ghaTAbhAva ) kA [ bhUtala meM ] paramArthataH ( bhAvikI ) abhAvayukta honA hI vizeSya honA hai / usI prakAra [ ghaTa ke ] abhAva ke rUpa meM jo pAramArthika vastu ho jAyaM to vahI usakA vizeSaNa honA ( pratiyogitA ) hai / ' ( nyAyakusumAMjali, 3 / 2 ) / [ vyAkhyA -kharahe kI sIMga Atyantika rUpa se asat hai, sIpI meM rajata kI pratIti AbhAsita hai | ataH ye avAstavika haiM, pAramArthika nahIM / isa zloka meM yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki avAstavika padArtha meM na to vizeSya banane kI zakti hai na vizeSaNa ( pratiyogI ) / sambandha ke do dala hote haiM - pratiyogI ( vizeSaNa ) aura anuyogI ( vizeSya ) / jaba hama kahate haiM ki bhUtala ghaTa se yukta hai ( ghaTavat bhUtalam ) to spaSTataH 'ghaTa' vizeSaNa ( pratiyogI ) hai aura 'bhUtala' vizeSya ( anuyogI ) / 'ghaTavat' kahane para ghaTAbhAva kI vyAvRtti ( Exclusion ) bhUtala se hotI hai ataH ghaTAbhAva vyAvartya huA / aba vyAvartaka kI khoja kareM / vyAvartya kA virodha hI vyAvartaka hotA hai| to, ghaTAbhAva kA vyAvartaka hogA-ghaTAbhAva kA abhAva ( arthAta ghaTa ) / vyAvartya ( ghaTAbhAva ) abhAva se yukta honA yA ghaTa se yukta honA bhUtala meM pAramArthika rUpa se siddha hai, ataH bhUtala vizeSya hai / dUsarI ora, abhAva ke abhAva ke rUpa meM honA arthAt ghaTa ke rUpa meM honA dikhalAI par3atA hai jo pAramArthika ( Real ) vastu kA guNa hai / ataH ghaTarUpatA pratiyogitA ( vizeSaNatA ) hai arthAt ghaTa vizeSaNa hai / isase siddha hotA hai ki 'nedaM rajatam' meM pAramArthika rajata hI pratiSedha kA pratiyogI (vizeSaNa) ho sakatA hai, svAbhAvika rajata nahIM / ] - isalie, naiyAyikoM ke anusAra, usa ( rajata ) kI sattA dUsare sthAna para mAnanI par3egI / [ zaMkara - matavAle kahate haiM ki ] yaha ukti pramANa mArga meM nahIM AtI kyoMki jaina avidyamAna saMsarga kA niSedha ( jaise - rUpa aura rasa ke saMsarga kA niSedha, 'rUpaM na rasasaMyuktam' meM kalpita saMsarga kA niSedha ) kiyA jAtA hai vaise hI kalita rajata ko bhI niSedha kA pratiyogI ( vizeSaNa ) banAyA jA sakatA hai / [ aisI bAta nahIM ki kevala sat vastu 46 sa0 saM0

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe kA hI niSedha hotA hai / asat vastu kI bhI yadi kalpanA kI gaI ho to usakA niSedha kyoM nahIM ho sakatA ? ] ( 16. 'idaM rajatam' meM jJAna kI ekatA-zaMkA aura samAdhAna ) nanvidaM rajatamiti jJAnamekamanekaM vA ? na tAvadAdyaH / apasiddhAntApatterasambhavAcca / tathA hi-zaktIdamaMzendriyasamprayogAdidamAkArAntaHpariNAmarUpamekaM jJAnaM jAyate / na ca tatra kaladhautaM viSayabhAvamAkalpayitumutsahate / asamprayuktatvAttasya viSayatvAGgIkAre srvjnytvaaptteH| __aba zaMkA ho rahI hai ki rajata kA yaha jJAna eka hai yA aneka ? ekAtmaka to nahIM hI hai kyoMki isameM apasiddhAnta ( siddhAnta kA bhaGga) hotA hai | advaita vedAntI ajJAna kA dvaita svIkAra karate haiM--dekhiye aage]| isake atirikta aisA karanA sambhava bhI nhiiN| kAraNa yaha hai ki sIpI ke rUpa meM jo idamaMza hai yaha indriyoM ke sAtha sambaddha hai ataH 'idam' ke AkAra meM antaHkaraNa kA pariNAma utpanna hotA hai jo eka hI jJAna hai| [ isI pariNAma ko vRtti yA jJAna bhI kahate haiM / ] isa jJAna kA viSaya rajata nahIM bana sakatA kyoMki rajatatva kA sannikarSa indriya se nahIM huA hai / phira yadi [ sannihita na hone para bhI rajata ko ] jJAna kA viSaya mAna leMge to jJAtA ( pratyakSa karanevAle ) ko sarvajJa mAnanA par3egA / [ sAmane na rahane para bhI kisI vastu ko jAna lenA hI to sarvajJatA hai ! ] na ca cakSuranvayavyatirekAnuvidhAyitayA tajjJAnasya tajjanyatvaM vAcyam / idamaMzajJAnotpattau tadupakSayopapatteH / na cApi saMskArAdrajatajJAnasya janma / smRtitvApatteH / athendriyadoSasya tatkaraNatvam / tadapyayuktam / svAtantryeNa tasya jJAnahetutvAnupapatteH / na hi grahaNasmaraNAbhyAmanyaH prakAraH samasti / tasmAdidamaMzarajatatAdAtmyaviSayakamekaM vijJAnaM na ghaTate / nApyanekam, akhyAtimatApattairiti cet Apa aisA bhI nahIM kaha sakate ki cakSu ke sAtha, usa ( rajata ke ) jJAna ko, anvaya aura vyatireka ke dvArA anuvidhAna ( apekSA ) dikhAkara, cakSu se hI utpanna mAna leN| [ cakSu ke sAtha sannikarSa hone para rajata-jJAna hotA hai-anvaya / sannikarSa nahIM hone para rajanajJAna bhI nahIM hotA-vyatireka / ataH cakSu se hI rajata jJAna huA hai, para pUrvapakSI kahate haiM ki aisI bAta nahIM ] kyoki 'idam' aMza ke jJAna kI utpatti meM cakSu kI anupayogitA kI siddhi ho jaaygii| [cakSu kA upayoga vAstava meM idamaMza ke jJAna meM hai kyoMki usI ke sAtha cakSu kA sannikarSa ho rahA hai| rajata ke jJAna ke sAtha sambandha mAnane se to idamaMza kA tyAga karanA par3egA / isakA dUsarA pATha hai-tadapekSAyAH upapatteH arthAt idamaMza ke jJAna meM hI cakSu kI AvazyakatA siddha hotI hai, rajata ke jJAna meM nahIM / ]

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zAMkara-darzanam 723 aisA bhI nahIM kaha sakate ki saMskAra ( Impression ) se rajata- jJAna kI utpatti hotI hai kyoMki vesI dazA meM use smRti ke rUpa meM mAnanA par3egA / aba yadi kaheM ki indriya-doSa kI sahAyatA se aisA hotA hai yaha bhI ucita nahIM kyoMki yaha ( indriyadoSa ) svatantratA se jJAna kA kAraNa nahIM bana sakatA / [ kisI vyakti meM jo doSa | vaha usa ko dUSita kara sakatA hai, binA vyakti ke nahIM / vaise hI dvArA hI kisI kArya kA kAraNa ho sakegA - svatantra vyakti ke sAtha rahakara hI dUsare indriyoM kA doSa bhI indriyoM ke rUpa se nahIM 1 ] grahaNa ( indriyajanya ) aura smaraNa ( saMskArajanya ) ke atirikta jJAna kA koI prakAra ( jaise - doSajanya Adi ) honA sambhava hI nahIM / isalie kisI bhI taraha idamaMza aura rajata ke tAdAtmya ke viSaya meM ekAtmaka ( Singular ) jJAna honA sambhava hI nahIM hai / rajata ke tAdAtmya ke viSaya ekAtmaka ( Singular ) jJAna honA sambhava hI nahIM hai / anekAtmaka jJAna bhI nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki vaha akhyAtivAda ( de0 Upara ) ke doSoM ko le AyegA | ucyate - prathamaM doSakaluSitena cakSuSedantAmAtraviSayAntaH - karaNavRttirutpadyate / anantaraM tathA vRttyA caitanyAvaraNAbhibhave sati taccaitanyamabhivyajyate / pazcAdidamaMzacaitanyaniSThA avidyA rAgAdidoSakaluSitA kaladhautAkAreNa pariNamate / idamAkArAntaHkaraNapariNAmAvacchinnacaitanyaniSThA kaladhautagocarapariNAmasaMskArasacivA kaladhautajJAnAbhA sAkAreNa pari Namate / isakA uttara diyA jAtA hai / pahale doSa se dUSita netra ke dvArA kevala 'idabhAva' ke viSaya meM hI antaHkaraNa kI vRtti utpanna hotI hai [ kyoMki usa samaya doSavaza sAmane kI cIja ko sIpI ke rUpa meM samajha nahIM pAte ] / usake bAda vaha vRtti cetanya ke AvaraNa ( idabhAva se yukta cetanya ke prakAzana ko rokanevAlA AvaraNa ) ko haTA detI hai tathA vaha caitanya abhivyakta ho jAtA hai / [ idam ke rUpa meM cetanya kI abhivyakti hotI hai / zukti aMza ke rUpa meM caitanya vyakta nahIM hotA kyoMki doSavaza usa cetanya ke AvaraNa kA nissAraNa nahIM huA hai / jisa caitanya kA AvaraNa naSTa hotA hai usI cetanya kI abhivyakti hotI hai / smaraNIya hai ki 'idam' aMza se yukta caitanya kA sIpI rUpa meM pratIta na honA tathA isIlie sIpI ke AkAra kI vRtti ( jJAna ) para avabhAsisa ( Reflected ) na honA hI avidyA hai / ] isake bAda idamaMza ke caitanya meM avasthita avidyA jo rAgAdi doSoM ke kAraNa dUSita ho gaI hai, vaha rajata ke AkAra meM pariNata ho jAtI hai / 'idam' ke AkAra meM sthita antaHkaraNa ( buddhi ) ke pariNAma se avacchinna ( baghe hue ) caitanya meM rahanevAlI

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe [ avidyA ] rajataviSayaka pariNAma ( vRtti) ke saMskAra ke sAtha milakara rajatajJAna ke AbhAsa ( vRtti ) ke rUpa meM pariNata hotI hai / [ do prakAra kI avidyA hai - ( 1 ) 'idam ' aMza se yukta caitanya meM rahanevAlI avidyA rajata ke udbodhita saMskAra kI sahAyatA se rajata ke AkAra meM pariNata hotI / ( 2 ) vRtti se avacchinna caitanya meM rahanevAlI avidyA rajata kA grahaNa karanevAlI vRtti ke saMskAra ke sAtha rahakara vRttirUpa meM pariNata hotI hai / aba ina donoM pariNAmoM kI agalI vidhiyoM para prakAza DAlate haiM / smaraNIya hai ki ye donoM pariNAma hI kramazaH arthAdhyAsa aura jJAnAvyAsa kahalAte haiM / ] 724 tau ca rajatavRttipariNAmau svAdhiSThAnena sAkSicaitanyenAvyavadhAnena bhAsyete / tathA ca savRttikAyA avidyAyAH sAkSibhAsyatvAbhyupagame vRttyantaravedyatvAbhAvAnnAnavasthA / yadyapyantaHkaraNa vRttiravidyAvRttizceti dve ime jJAne, tathApi viSayAdhInaM phalam / jJAto ghaTa iti viSayAvacchinnatayA phalapratIteH / tadviSayazca satyamithyAbhUtayoridamaMza rajatAMzayoranyonyAtmakatayA ekatvamApannaH / tasmAdviSayAvacchinnaphalasyApyekatvAjjJAnaM kyamupacaryate / ye donoM - rajata pariNAma aura vRttipariNAma -- apane-apane adhiSThAna ( AdhAra ) svarUpa sAkSicaitanya ( pramANa ke caitanya ) ke dvArA, binA kisI taraha kI rukAvaTa ke pratIta hote haiM / isa prakAra vRtti se yukta avidyA ko sAkSI ( draSTA, pramAtA ) ke dvArA pratIta honevAlI siddha kara dene para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yaha dUsarI vRtti ke dvArA jJa eya nahIM hai, ataH anavasthA doSa nahIM lagatA / [ anavasthA kI sambhAvanA isalie thI ki jaise viSaya ke AkAra se yukta antaHkaraNa kI vRtti se viSaya kI pratIti hotI hai vaise hI ukta vRtti kA avabhAsa ( pratIti ) bhI to usI vRtti kA AkAra vAlI anta:karaNa kI dUsarI vRtti se hI hogA - isa taraha hama bar3hate cale jAyeMge / kintu avidyA akele hI vRtti ke sAtha sAkSI ke dvArA pratIta hotI hai / isalie dUsarI vRtti se jJeya hone kA prazna uThatA hI nahIM / ] adhIna hI rahatA hai ? af antaHkaraNa kI vRtti ( 'idam' ke AkAra meM ) tathA avidyA kI vRtti ( rajata ke AkAra meM ) ke rUpa meM ye do jJAna haiM phira bhI phala to viSaya ke jaba hama kahate haiM ki 'ghaTa kA jJAna ho gayA' to viSaya (ghaTa) se sambaddha hokara hI phala kI pratIta ho rahI hai / [ yadi vRtti ko hI jJAna kahate haiM to do vRttiyoM se jJAnoM kA aar prakaTa hotA hI hai / kintu 'idaM rajatam' meM 'eka jJAna' kA vyavahAra, phala kI ekatA ke kAraNa aupacArika rUpa se hotA hai| jJAna vRtti ke rUpa meM hai / usakA phala hai viSaya kA hai-- jesA viSaya hogA vAstavika ( Real ) avabhAsa ( pratIti ) / yaha phala viSaya ke anusAra hI prApta hotA vaisI hI pratIti hogI / to yahA~ para viSaya kyA hai ? usakA viSaya

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zAMkara-carzanam 725 idamaMza tathA mithyA rajatAMza, ina donoM aMzoM ke anyonyAtmaka hone ke kAraNa ekAkAra ( Singular ) ho gayA hai / yadi viSaya eka hai to viSaya se hI vyApta phala bhI eka hI hogA; ataH jJAna ( phala ) kI ekatA kA upacAra ( vyavahAra ) hotA hai| [ : jJAna eka hai-yaha siddha huaa|] taduktam 43. zuktIdamaMzacaitanyasthitAvidyA vijRmbhate / rAgAdidoSasaMskArasacivA rajatAtmanA / / 44. idamAkAravatyaktacaitanyasthA tthaavidhaa| vivartate tadrajatajJAnAbhAsAtmanApyasau // 45. satyamithyAtmanorakyAdekastadviSayo mataH / tadAyattaphalakatvAjJAnakyamupacaryate // iti / paJcapAdikAyAmapi 'phalaikyAjjJAnakyamupacaryate'-ityabhiprAyeNa 'sA caikameva jJAnamekaphalaM janayati', ityuktam / ____ use kahA gayA hai--'sIpI meM sthita 'idam' aMza ke caitanya meM rahanevAlI avidyA rAga Adi doSoM ke saMskAra ke sAtha-sAtha rajata ke rUpa meM pariNata hotI hai // 43 // usI prakAra 'idam' ke AkAra kI vRtti se avacchinna ( akta = aJ+kta ) caitanya meM rahanevAlI avidyA bhI usa rajata-jJAna kI pratIti (AbhAsa-vRtti ) ke rUpa meM vivartita hotI hai // 44 // satya aura mithyA ke rUpa meM donoM ke ekAtmaka rahane se usakA viSaya bhI eka hI mAnA gayA hai / usa ( viSaya ) ke adhIna rahanevAlA phala bhI eka hai, ataH jJAna kI ekatA kahI jAtI hai // 45 // ' paMcapAdikA ( zArIraka-bhASya ke catuHsUtrI-bhAga kI padmapAdAcArya-viracita vyAkhyA ) meM bhI phala kI ekatA ke kAraNa jJAna kI ekatA bhI mAnI jAtI hai' isa abhiprAya se kahA gayA hai ki vaha avidyA eka phalavAle eka hI jJAna ko utpanna karatI hai / (17. trividha sattA tathA anirvacanIyakhyAti ) / nanu zuktikAmastake bhAvyamAnasya kaladhautasya tatraiva satyatvAbhyupagame nedaM rajatamiti niSedhaH kathaM prabhavediti cenna / prAtibhAsikasatyatve'pi vyAvahArikasatyatvAbhAvena pratipannopAdhau pratiyogitvasambhavAt / taduktaM paJcapAdikAvivaraNe ( pR0 31)-trividhaM sattvam / paramArthasattvaM brhmnnH| arthakriyAsAmadhyaM satvaM mAyopAdhikamAkAzAdeH / avidyopAdhikaM sattvaM rajatAveriti /

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726 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe aba prazna ho sakatA hai ki sIpI ke sira para ( sthAna meM) vibhAvita ( Apprehended ) rajata ko to hama kevala uso sthAna para hI satya mAneMge (= jahAM Aropa hogA, cAMdI kevala vahIM para vAstavika hogI, anyatra to nahIM ) phira 'yaha rajata nahIM hai isameM niSedha kA kyA uttara hogA ? ( kauna-cAMdI saccI hai-Aropita yA niSiddha ? ) aisI bAta nahIM hai / prAtibhAsika dRSTi se satyatA ( Apparent Reality ) hone para bhI usameM vyAvahArika satyatA ( Practicai Reality ) kA abhAva hai isIlie sopAdhika sthAnoM meM pratiyogI hone kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai| [ sIpI ke sthAna para hI 'nedaM rajatam' meM niSedha kI pratIti hotI hai yadyapi rajata vahAM para rajata-niSedha kA pratiyogI nahIM hai| vahA~ para vAstava meM cA~dI rahe taba to rajata pratiyogI hogA-rajata kI avasthiti to avidyA ke pariNAma ke kAraNa kucha dera ke lie hai| niSedha use kahate haiM jisameM yaha pratIti ho ki yaha kabhI aisA nahIM hotA-kAla kA prabhAva bhI niSedha para nahIM par3atA / hA~, jaba rajata ko vyAvahArika dRSTi se ( upAdhi ke sAtha-vyAvahArika rajata ke rUpa meM ) dekheMge to usa vizeSa sattA ( vyAvahArika sattA ) ke vicAra se rajata niSedha kA pratiyogI ho sakatA hai arthAt rajata kA niSedha sambhava hai kintu vyavahAra-dazA meM hii| prAtimAsika-dazA meM vaha sambhava nhiiN| ] . ise paMcapAdikA ke vivaraNa ( raca0-zrIprakAzAtmayati ) meM kahA gayA hai-'sattA tIna prakAra kI hai| brahma kI pAramArthika sattA ( Transcendental Reality ) rahatI hai / mAyA kI upAdhi se yukta AkAzAdi padArthoM kI sattA sArthaka kriyAoM ke sampAdana ( vyavahAra ) meM hI hai| [ ise hI vyAvahArika sattA kahate haiN|] avidyA kI upAdhi se yukta (prAtibhAsika ) sattA [ sIpI meM pratIta ] rajata Adi kI hai| anyatrApyuktam 46. kAlatraye jJAtRkAle pratItisamaye tthaa| bAdhAbhAvAtpadArthAnAM sattvatravidhyamiSyate // 47. tAttvikaM brahmaNaH sattvaM vyomAdevyAvahArikam / rUpyAderarthajAtasya prAtibhAsikamiSyate // iti / dUsarI jagaha bhI kahA gayA hai-'tInoM kAloM (bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya ) meM, vyavahAra-dazA meM tathA pratIti ke samaya bhI padArthoM ke jJAna kA pratirodha ( Rejection ) na ho isalie usakI tIna prakAra kI sattAeM mAnI jAtI haiM / / 46 // brahma kI sattA tAttvika ( pAramArthika ) hai, AkAzAdi kI vyAvahArika tathA rajata Adi padArthoM kI prAtibhAsika sattA mAnI jAtI hai // 47 // ' .. 48. laukikena pramANena yadabAdhyaM laukike'vdhau| tatprAtibhAsikaM sattvaM bAdhyaM satyeva mAtari //

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727 zAMkara-darzanam vaidike'vadhau / 49. vaidikena pramANena yadvAdhyaM tadvyAvahArikaM satvaM bAdhyaM mAtrA sahaiva tat // iti ca / laukika avadhi ( vyavahAra- dazA ) meM jo vastu laukika pramANoM ( pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna, arthApatti aura anupalabdhi ) se bAdhita ( Rejected ) ho jAya use prAtibhAsika satva ( padArtha, sattA ) kahate haiM - isa sattva se bAdhita hone para bhI jJAtA ( anubhava karanevAlA ) rahatA hI hai // 48 // vaidika avadhi ( paramArtha - dazA ) meM jo vastu vaidika pramANa ( Agama ) se bAdhita ho jAya, use ( AkAza, pazu, pakSI Adi ko ) vyAvahArika sattva kahate haiM - isa sattva ke bAdhita hone ke samaya jJAtA kA bhI sAtha-sAtha hI bAdha ( Rejection ) ho jAtA hai // 49 // ' [ AkAzAdi padArthoM kI sattA vyAvahArika hai kyoMki vyavahAra-dazA meM to inakA bAdha nahIM hotA kintu 'tattvamasi' Adi zrutiyoM se jaba AtmA kI ekatA kA sAkSAtkAra karate haiM usa samaya usakA bAdha ho jAtA hai-usa dazA to dvaita (Duality ) kA tanika bhI AbhAsa nahIM milatA / yahA~ taka ki jJAtA kA pratIti kA jJAtRtva bhI usa samaya pratIta nahIM hotA, usakA bhI bAdha ho jAtA hai / bAdha = abhAva, na ki niSevya ke rUpa meM pratoti / ] tataH khyAtibAdhAnyathAnupapatyA bhrAntigocarasya mAyAmayasya rajatAdeH sadasadvilakSaNatvalakSaNamanirvacanIyatvaM siddham / tadavocaccitsukhAcAryaH - 50. pratyekaM sadasattvAbhyAM vicArapadavIM na yat / gAhate tadanirvAcyamAhurvedAntavAdinaH / / ( citsukhI, pR0 79 ) iti / sakatA hai / [ sIpI isalie khyAti ( pratIti ) ke bAgha kI siddhi kisI bhI dUsare upAya se na ho sakane ke kAraNa, bhrAnti kA viSaya jo yaha mAyAmaya ( Illusory ) rajata Adi hai ise sat tathA asat se vilakSaNa ( bhinna ) rUpa meM anirvacanIya hI siddha kiyA jA meM pratIta rajata isalie sat nahIM hai ki 'nedaM rajatam' (niSedha) kI siddhi nahIM hogI / vyAvahArika dazA meM to usakA bAdha sambhava hai na ? asat bhI nahIM hai kyoMki vaisA hone se isa pratIti ( prAtibhAsika hI sahI ) kA kyA uttara hogA ? ise khyAti kA viSaya aura bAdha kA viSaya donoM tabhI mAna sakate jaba anirvacanIya ( Indescernible ) mAneManirvacanIya sat aura asat se vilakSaNa hotA hai / isIlie ise mAyA kA pariNAma yA mAyAmaya mAnA hai / ] ise citsukhAcArya ne kahA hai - 'sat yA asat inameM pratyeka ke dvArA [ yA samUha ke dvArA bhI ] jo vicAra ke yogya na ho sake use vedAntI loga anirvacanIya kahate haiN| // 50 // ( ci0 pR0 79 ) /

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ( 18. mAyA aura avidyA kI samAnatA ) nanu mAyAvidyayoH svAzrayAvyAmohahetutva- tadabhAvAbhyAM medasya jAgarUkatvenAvidyAmayatve vaktavye mAyAmayatvoktirAropyasyAyukteti cet - tadayuktam / anirvacanIyatvatattvAbhAsapratibandhakatvAdilakSaNajAtasya mAyAvidyayoH samAnatvAt / prazna hai ki mAyA aura avidyA meM bheda jAgRta hai kyoMki unameM mAyA to apane Azraya ( kartA, draSTA ) ko vyAmoha ( bhrama ) meM nahIM DAlatI, [ kartA kI icchA kA anusaraNa karatI hai, ullaMghana nahIM / [ dUsarI ora avidyA usase bhinna hai / [ sopI-cAMdI meM cAMdI kA upAdAna - kAraNa avidyA hI hai kyoMki cAMdI dekhanevAle kI bhrAnti ke kAraNa vyAmoha to hai hI / draSTA kI icchA se vaha nahIM calatI kyoMki draSTA kI icchA rahe yA nahIM - avidyA se cA~dI kI pratIti ho hI jaaygii| ] isalie Aropya vastu ( cAMdI ) ko Apa avidyA - maya kaheM, mAyAmaya kahanA asaGgata hai / [ isakA uttara hai ki ] yaha prazna hI asaGgata hai / mAyA aura avidyA donoM samAna rUpa se anirvacanIya haiM tathA tattva kI pratIti ke pratibandhaka Adi haiM / 728 kiM cAzrayazabdena draSTocyate kartA vA ? nAdyaH / mantrauSadhAdinimittamAyAdarzinastasya vyAmohadarzanAt / na dvitIyaH / viSNoH svAzritamAyayava rAmAvatAre mohitatvena tatra mAyAvitvasyAprayojakatvAt / bAdhanizcayamantrAdipratIkArabodhayoreva prayojakatvAt / aparathA paGggbandhavatkartApi vyAmudyeta / [ vedAntI Age pUchate haiM ki Apane jo Upara mAyA ko apane Azraya ke vyAmoha kA ahetu mAnA hai, usameM ] Azraya zabda se kyA artha lete haiM - [ mAtrA ke pariNAmasvarUpa vRkSa, pazu Adi ko ] jo dekhatA hai vaha mAyAzraya hai yA jo mAyA kA nirmANa karatA hai vaha mAyAzraya hai ? draSTA to mAyA kA Azraya nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki [ tAntrika logoM ke dvArA prayukta ] mantroM kA auSadhiyoM ke yoga se banI mAyA ( ghor3A, hAthI, rupayoM kI varSA Adi indrajAla ) ko dekhanevAlA vyakti vyAmoha meM par3a jAtA hI hai / [ taba to Apane jo pUrvapakSa ke Asana meM ghoSaNA kI hai ki mAyA vyAmoha utpanna nahIM karatI, usa ukti kA kyA hogA ? ] kartA bhI mAyA kA Azraya nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki viSNu bhagavAn ( jo mAyA ke kartA haiM) apane hI Azraya meM hI rahanevAlI mAyA ke dvArA mohita hue the ( vyAmoha meM par3e the ) isalie [ apane Upara Azrita vyAmoha ke abhAva meM hI koI ] mAyAvI ( mAyA kA racavitA ) hogA, aisI bAta nahIM hai ( = mAyA kA nirmAtA hone para bhI vyAmoha meM koI par3a sakatA hai ) / [ tAlarya yaha hai ki mAyA ke kartA aura draSTA donoM ko vyAmoha hotA hai|

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zAMkara-varzanam 729 isalie jisa prakAra avidyA vyAmoha utpanna karatI hai, mAyA bhI vyAmoha utpanna karatI hI hai| donoM meM isa dRSTi se koI bheda nahIM / to, vyAmoha ke nivAraNa ke prayojaka arthAt kAraNa kauna-se haiM ? ] [ vyAmoha ke abhAva ke ] prayojaka do haiM - [ mAyA yA avidyA kA draSTA yA prayoktA jo bhI ho ] vaha bAdha kA nizcaya kara sake tathA mantra Adi kA pratIkAra ( Reversal ) jAnatA ho / yadi aisA nahIM huA to andhe yA laMgar3e kI taraha mAyA ke nirmAtA ko bhI vyAmoha ho jAyagA / [ andhA yA laMgar3A apane aGga se rahita hone ke kAraNa apanA kAma nahIM kara sakatA - andhA dekha nahIM sakatA, laMgar3A cala nahIM sakatA | vaise hI mAyAkAra bhI bAdha-nizcaya karane meM asamartha hone se tathA mantra - pratIkAra se anabhijJa hone se apanA kArya - vyAmoha - nivAraNa - nahIM kara sakatA / jaise draSTA mohita hotA hai vaise hI kartA bhI mohita ho jAyagA / hAM, una donoM meM itanA antara avazya hai ki draSTA ko ( mAyA kA prapaca dekhakara mohita honevAle ko ) vyAmoha - nAza kA avasara kabhI-kabhI milatA hai, kartA ko prAyaH milA karatA hai| rAmAvatAra meM vyAmoha kA kAraNa thA, pratikAra kA jJAna na honA- kisI prakAra siddha kara leM / mAyA-prayoktA yA indrajAla dikhAnevAlA ( Magician ) pratIkAra bhI jAnatA hai ataH mohita nahIM hotA / brahma bhI bhI mAyA kA racayitA hai-- pratIkAra-jJAna hone se svayaM prabhAvita nahIM hotA / phala yaha huA ki mAyA aura avidyA donoM meM vyAmoha hotA hai / pratIkAra jAnanevAle na to avidyA se mohita hote haiM, na mAyA se / ataH vyAmoha ke avidyA meM bheda nahIM hai, sAmya hI hai / dRSTikoNa se mAyA aura na cecchAnuvidhAnAnanuvidhAnAbhyAM tayorbheda iti bhaNitavyam / mAyAsthale maNimantrauSadhAdiprayogavadavidyAsthale'pi dvicandrakezoNDakAdivibhramanimittAgulyavaSTambhAdAvapi svAtantryopalambhAt / ata eva tatra tatra zrutismRtirbhAvyAdiSu mAyAvidyayorabhedena vyavahAraH saGgacchale / kvacidvikSepaprAdhAnyenAvaraNaprAdhAnyena ca mAyAvidyayorbhede tadvyavahAro na virudhyate / taduktam 51. mAyA vikSipavajJAnamIzecchAvazarvAta vA / avidyAcchAdayattasvaM svAtantryAnuvidhAyi vA // iti / Apa ( pUrvapakSI ) aisA bhI nahIM kaha sakate ki mAyA aura avidyA meM bheda' isalie 1. zruti meM jaise - bhUyazcAnte vizvamAyAnivRttiH [ samyak jJAna se mAyA arthAt avidyA kI nivRtti ) / smRti meM, jaise- satyavidyAM vitatAM hRdi yasminnivezite / yogo mAyAmameyAya tasmai vidyAtmane namaH // bhASya meM - avidyA mAyA avidyAtmikA mAyAzaktiH, ityAdi /

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe 730 hai ki mAyA kartA kI icchA kA anusaraNa karatI hai aura avidyA usakA anusaraNa nahIM karatI / jisa prakAra mAyA ke sthAnoM meM maNi ( Magiclantern samajheM ), mantra, auSadha Adi kA prayoga [ svantatra rUpa meM ] hotA hai, vaise hI avidyA ( Ignorance ) ke sthAnoM meM bhI do candramA ke bhrana yA keza ke bhrama yA makar3ajAla hone ke bhrama ke kAraNa rUpa meM, aMgulI se A~khoM ko stabdha karanA Adi hama pAte haiM jise kartA apanI icchApUrvaka karatA hai / [ aMgulI yadi A~khoM ke nIce ke bhAga meM ghusA dI jAya to hameM eka hI jagaha do cIjeM dikhalAI dene lageMgI --- yahA~ dekhate haiM ki kartA apanI icchAM se hI to avidyA utpanna kara rahA hai / phira yaha kaise kahate haiM ki mAyA hI icchA se utpanna kI jAtI hai; avidyA nahIM ? ] isIlie zruti, smRti tathA bhASyagranthoM meM jahAM-tahA~ mAyA aura avidyA ko abhinna ( ekarUpa ) mAnate hue vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai| kahIM-kahIM, mAyA meM mAyA aura avidyA ke bheda ko pUrNapakSI isalie le rahA hai ki mAyA vaha aindrajAlikoM kA indrajAla ( Magic ) samajhatA hai aura avidyA se sIpI-cA~dI Adi kA bhrama / zaMkara donoM ko ekarUpa hI mAnate haiM / se vikSepa kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa yA avidyA meM AvaraNa kI pramukhatA dekhakara, mAyA aura avidyA meM jo bheda karate haiM usase isa vyavahAra kA virodha nahIM hotA / [ bAta yaha hai ki ajJAna kI do zaktiyA~ haiM- AvaraNa ( Dha~ka denA Concealment ) tathA vikSepa ( rUpa - parivartana Distortion ) / sIpI-cAMdI ke dRSTAnta meM AvaraNa-zakti sIpI ke sv| yaha to sAdhArUpa ko DhaMka detI hai, vikSepa-zakti use cAMdI ke rUpa meM vikRta kara detI raNa ajJAna kI bAta hai / anAdi ajJAna ke dvArA brahma ke svarUpa kA, sat hone para bhI, AvaraNa kara diyA jAtA hai aura jagat kA pradarzana, asat ( paramArthataH, nahIM to mithyA ) hone para bhI kiyA jAtA hai / avidyA = AvaraNa-pradhAna / mAyA = vikSepa-pradhAna / yaha kevala loka-prasiddhi kI bAta hai / vAstava meM donoM eka haiM / ] ise kahA gayA hai - vikSepa-zakti se yukta ajJAna jo Izvara kI icchA ke adhIna hai vaha mAyA hai / jo ajJAna tattva ko Dha~ka de ( AvaraNa-zakti se yukta ho ) athavA svatantratA kI apekSA kare vaha avidyA hai / ' ( 18 ka. avidyA kI sattA ke lie pramANa ) nanva vidyAsadbhAve kiM pramANam ? 'ahamajJo mAmanyaM ca na jAnAmIti' pratyakSa pratibhAsa eva / nanu jJAnAbhAvaviSayo'yaM nAbhipretamarthaM gamayatIti cet -- na tAvadanupalabdhivAdinazcodyametat / parokSapratibhAsahetutvAttasyAH / ayamapi parokSapratimAsa eveti cet-na tAvalliGga zabdAnupapadyamAnArtha

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zAMkara-darzanam 731 janyaH / jJAtakaraNatvAtteSAm / na caitatsAmagrIkAle jnyaatmsti| anabhUyate vaa| ___ aba koI pUcha sakatA hai ki isa avidyA kI satA siddha karane ke lie pramANa kyA hai ? hama uttara deMge ki isameM to pratIti hI pramANa hai-'maiM ajJa hU~, apane ko yA dUsare ko nahIM jAnatA' / [isa vAkya meM AtmA para Azrita usa avidyA-zakti kI anubhUti hotI hai jo bAharI-bhItarI padArthoM meM vyApta hai aura jar3Atmaka hai| yaha ajJAna jJAnAbhAva ke rUpa meM nahIM hai| bhAvAtmaka ( Positive ) kAryoM kA upAdAna-kAraNa hone se yaha bhAvAtmaka hai|] koI zaMkA kara sakatA hai ki yaha to jJAnAbhAva kA viSaya hai, Apake ( vedAntiyoM ke ) abhISTa artha kI siddhi nahIM kara skegaa| [Azaya yaha hai ki isa avidyA yA ajJAna se Apa saMsAra kI siddhi nahIM kara sakate / saMsAra to prakRti, paramANu Adi se banA hai ] parantu aisI bAta nahIM hai, anupalabdhi ( Non-existence ) ko pramANa mAnanevAle ( bhATTa mImAMsaka aura vedAntI ) loga aisA nahIM kareMge kyoMki anupalabdhi to parokSa kI pratIti karAnevAlI hotI hai, [ pratyakSa ko nahIM / 'bhUtala meM ghaTa nahIM hai' - isa taraha ghaTAbhAva kA jJAna anupalabdhi-pramANa se hotA hai| yaha parokSa jJAna hai, pratmakSa nahIM / jo loga anupalabdhi nahIM mAnate, ve anumAnAdi ke dvArA abhAva kI pratIti karate haiM, pratyakSa ke dvArA nahIM / kisI bhI dazA meM abhAva kI pratIti pratyakSa se nahIM hotI / cUMki 'maiM ajJa hai' yaha anubhava hai ataH ise abhAva ke zabdoM meM ( in terms of non-existence ) vyakta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / ] aba yadi Apa kaheM ki yaha bhI parokSa anubhava hI kyoM na mAnA jAya ? to hama kaheMge ki liGga ( anumAna kA kAraNa ), zabda ( Agama kA kAraNa ) yA anyathAnupapatti ( arthApatti kA kAraNa ) se isa anubhava kI utpatti nahIM hotii| kAraNa yaha hai ki ina saboM meM [ artha ] jJAta hone para hI dUsaroM kA bodha hotA hai| [ yaha Azaya hai-yadi Apa loga 'ahamazaH' isa jJAna ko parokSa mAnate haiM to yaha anumAna Adi kisI pramANa se utpanna hogA / isa anubhava kI siddhi na to anumAna se hotI hai, na zabda se aura na arthApatti seanupalabdhi kA adhikAra bhI pIche samApta ho jaaygaa| inameM kramazaH liMga, zabda tathA anupapanna honevAlA artha svayaM jJAta hone para hI dUsare artha kA bodhaka ho sakatA hai| dhUma (liGga) yadi rahe bhI kintu jJAta na ho to agni kA anumAna nahIM karA sakatA / zabda bhI jaba taka jJAta na ho taba taka usase zAbdabodha nahIM hotA / bahare ko zAbdabodha nahIM hotaa| arthApatti meM bhI, dina meM na khAnevAle devadatta kI sthUlatA jJAta rahane para hI usake rAtribhojana kA jJAna karAtI hai| 'ahamazaH' to yaha saba kucha nahIM hai| ] isake anubhava ke samaya vaisA (liGgAdi ) kucha jJAta nahIM hai aura na vartamAnakAla meM hI usakA anubhava

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732 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ho rahA hai / [ ataH ina pramANoM ke adhIna to 'ahamajJaH ' nahIM hI hai / aba anupalabdhi kI khabara lete haiM / ] anupalabdhyA janyata iti cet-na tAvadiyamajJAtA kAraNam / pratyakSatarasya jJAtakaraNatva niyamAt / nApi jJAtaMva kAraNam / anupalabdhyanavasthAnAt / na ca yathA pareSAmabhAvagrahaNe yogyAnupalabdhiH sahakAriNI tathA naH karaNamiti zaGkhadham / jJAnakaraNa iva sahakAriNi jJAtatvaniyamAbhAvAt / astu vA tathA jJeyAbhAvagrahaNe karaNam / jJAnAbhAvagrahaNe karaNaM na bhavatyeveti vakSyate / 1 yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki [ 'ahamajJaH' meM vidyamAna jJAnAbhAva ] anupalabdhi se utpanna hogA [ jese 'bhUtale ghaTo nAsti' meM ghaTAbhAva kA jJAna hotA hai ] / to hama uttara deMge ki yaha ( anupalabdhi ) bhI binA jJAna hue pramANa (karaNa) nahIM bana sakatI / [ jaba taka ghaTa kI anupalabdhi jJAta na ho taba taka ghaTAbhAva jAna lenA sambhava nahIM hai / smaraNIya hai ki anupalabdhi ko jAnane ke lie hI yaha pramANa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / ] yaha niyama hai ki pratyakSa se bhinna kisI bhI pramANa kA kAraNa ( sAdhana ) jJAta hI rahanA caahie| dUsarI ora yaha bhI jAna leM ki kevala jJAta hone se hI yaha pramANa ke rUpa meM nahIM A sakatI kyoMki taba anupalabdhi kI anavasthA ho jAyagI / [ yadi ghaTAnupalabdhi jJAta hone para hI ghaTAbhAva kA kAraNa banatI hai to kahie ki ghaTAnupalabdhi kA jJAna hI kaise huA ? ghaTa kI upalabdhi kA abhAva hI ghaTAnupalabdhi hai / usa ghaTopalabdhi ke abhAva kA jJAna bhI anupalabdhi se hI hogA arthAt 'upalabdhi kI anupalabdhi' se upalabdha kA abhAva jJAta hotA hai / isa krama se bar3hate jAne meM kahIM anta nahIM / ] Apa aisI zaMkA nahIM kara sakate ki jaise dUsare ( naiyAyikAdi ) loga [ anupalabdhi pramANa nahIM mAnakara ] abhAva kA pratyakSa mAnate haiM tathA yogya ( Competent ) anupalabdhi ko sahakArI mAnate haiM usI prakAra hama bhI anupalabdhi ko jJAna kA kAraNa ( pramANa ) mAneM || neyAyika loga anupalabdhi mAnate haiM, para pRthak pramANa rUpa meM nahIM; kevala pratyakSa ke sahAyaka ke rUpa meM | ghaTAbhAva pratyakSa pramANa se jJAta hotA hai / yogyAnupalabdhi sahAyatA karatI hai / yogya anupalabdhi = yadi ghaTa hotA to avazya dikhalAI par3atA / to, inake mata se anupalabdhi jJAta rahe yA ajJAta - sahAyaka hI hotI hai, isa taraha anavasthA se baca jAte haiN| vaise ye bhI kahate haiM ki hama anupalabdhi ko pramANa ( pRthak ) mAnate hue bhI anavasthA se bacA leM | ] aisA isalie nahIM hogA ki sahakArI hone para jJAta hone kA niyama nahIM hai, pRthak jJAna-sAdhana (pramANa, Source of valid knowledge ) hone para to use [ jJAta rahanA hI par3egA / ] yadi vesA ho bhI ( anupalabdhi chaThA pramANa rahe--ajJAna yA jJAta kisI bhI dazA meM pramANa ho ) to bho vaha jJeya ke abhAva kA bodha karane ke lie pramANa hai, jJAna ke abhAva

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zAMkara-darzanam kA bodha karAne ke lie vaha pramANa nahIM hai--ise hama Age kaheMge / [ isa sthAna taka yaha siddha kiyA jA rahA thA ki anupalabdhi se bhI 'ahamajJaH' kA bodha nahIM hotA / phalataH 'ahamajJaH' pratyakSa anubhava kA viSaya hai| ] ( 18 kha. 'ahamajJaH' kA pratyakSa anubhava aura naiyAyika-khaNDana ) pratyakSAbhAvavAde tu pratyakSeNa tAvaddhamipratiyogijJAnayoH satorAtmani jJAnamAtrAbhAvagrahaNaM na brUyAt / ghaTavati bhUtale ghaTAbhAvasyeva jJAnamAtrAbhAvasya grhiitumshkytvaat| tayorasatostu sutarAm / kAraNAbhAvAt / ato'pi yogyAnupalabdhyA vA phalaliGgAdyabhAvena vAtmani jJAnamAtrAbhAvagrahaNaM durlabhamiti paramate'pyayaM nyAyaH smaanH| tadevamAtmani pratyakSeNa vAnyena vA jJAnamAtrAbhAvasya grahaNamazakyamiti sthitam / [naiyAyika Adi anupalabdhi ko pRthak pramANa nahIM maante| unake anusAra abhAva pratyakSa hai / parantu 'ahamajJaH' isa pratyakSa ko ve hamArI taraha hI ( dekhie-18 ka0 kA Arambha ) nahIM mAnate, pratyuta jJAnAbhAva ke rUpa meM mAnate haiN| unakI parIkSA kareM-] pratyakSa ko abhAva mAnanevAle siddhAnta meM [ do pakSa haiM-'ahamajJaH' meM kyA jJAnasAmAnya kA abhAva pratyakSIkRta ho rahA hai yA jJAna vizeSa kA abhAva ? pahalA vikalpa lete haiM ki ] pratyakSa ke dvArA to dharmI (= jJAnAbhAva kA dharmI AtmA) aura pratiyogI ( = jJAnAbhAva kA pratiyogI jJAna ) kA jJAna yadi sat ke rUpa meM siddha hai, to AtmA meM jJAna-sAmAnya kA abhAva gRhIta hotA hai, aisA na kheN| kAraNa yaha hai ki jaise ghaTayukta bhUtala meM ghaTAbhAva kA grahaNa karate ( = 'bhUtale ghaTo nAsti' vAkya meM ), usa taraha [ AtmA meM ] jJAna-sAmAnya ke abhAva kA grahaNa karanA asambhava hai / [ 'bhUtale ghaTo nAsti' meM ghaTAbhAva kA pratyakSa hotA hai| yahAM bhUtala ghaTAbhAva kA dharmI hai kyoki ghaTAbhAva-dharma usI kA hai| ghaTAbhAva kA pratiyogI ghaTa hai kyoMki isI kA abhAva hai| pratyakSa ke dvArA donoM kI sattA jAnate haiM / taba ghaTAbhAva kA pratyakSa hotA hai| aba isI udAharaNa kA viniyoga ( Application ) prastuta 'ahamajJaH' para kareM / dUsare zabdoM meM 'mayi jJAnaM nAsti' kaheM / to, jJAnAbhAva kA pratyakSa ho rahA hai jisakA dharmI hai 'aham' ( AtmA ) aura pratiyogI hai 'jJAna' / smaraNIya hai ki yahA~ jJAna se jJAnasAmAnya kA artha le rahe haiN| yadi dharmI aura pratiyogI donoM kA jJAna vidyamAna ho ( donoM kA pratyakSa ho cukA ho-AtmA kA aura jJAna kA) to bhI yaha grahaNa karanA asambhava hai ki AtmA meM jJAnasAmAnya kA abhAva hai| jJAna kA pratyakSa ho jAne para usake abhAva kA pratyakSa kaise ? ] dUsarI ora, yadi ye donoM ( dharmI kA jJAna aura pratiyogI kA jJAna ) vidyamAna nahIM rahe taba to [ 'ahamajJaH' meM jJAnAbhAva kA pratyakSa mAnanA ] aura bhI asambhava hai kyoMki

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734 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe kAraNa kA hI abhAva ho jAyagA / [ abhAva ke jJAna ke lie dharmo ( AdhAra ) aura pratiyogI kA jJAna kAraNarUpa hai / kintu Apa pUrvapakSI loga inheM mAna nahIM rahe haiM / ataH kAraNa ke abhAva meM kArya utpanna hogA hI nahIM ] isalie bhI yogya anupalabdhi ke kAraNa yA phala ke rUpa meM liMga Adi kA abhAva hone se AtmA meM jJAna sAmAnya ke abhAva kA grahaNa karanA asambhava hai / isalie dUsaroM ( anupalabdhi ko pramANa mAnanevAle bhATTa mImAMsakoM) ke mata se bhI hamArA niyama milatA-julatA hai / [ Upara dikhA cuke haiM ki dharmI aura pratiyogI kA jJAna rahe yA nahIM rahe--donoM hI avasthAoM meM jJAnasAmAnya kA abhAva grahaNa karanA asambhava hai / isalie bhI na to anupalabdhi se jJAnasAmAnya ke abhAva kA grahaNa hotA hai aura na hI anumAna se / anumAna kI sambhAvanA thI - jJAna kA sarvatra vyavahAra phala ke rUpa meM hotA hai, yahI liGga hai / vaha liGga yahA~ nahIM milatA, isalie 'adarzana' hetu ke dvArA jJAnAbhAva kA anumAna sambhava thA / ] to, isa prakAra yaha siddha ho gayA ki pratyakSa se yA kisI dUsare pramANa se AtmA meM jJAnamAtra kA abhAva grahaNa karanA asambhava hai / aba 'ahamajJaH' meM jJAnavizeSa kA abhAva - vAlA vikalpa lete haiM / nanu jJAnavizeSAbhAvaH pratyakSeNa gRhyatAm / na tAvatsmaraNAbhAvaH / abhAvagrahaNe pratiyogismaraNasya kAraNatvAt / nApyanubhavAbhAvaH / tasyAvarjanIyatvAt / nanvAtmani ghaTAnubhavAbhAva: pratyakSaviSayastahi 'ahamajJaH ' iti jJAnasAmAnyavacano jAnAtirjJAnavizeSe'nubhave lakSaNayA vartanIyaH / lakSaNA ca sambandhe'nupapattau ca satyAM vartate / [ pUrvapakSI kahate haiM ki yadi 'ahamaza:' meM pratyakSa ke dvArA jJAnasAmAnya kA abhAva siddha nahIM huA to ] pratyakSa se jJAna vizeSa kA abhAva lIjiye / [ acchA to jJAnavizeSa kA artha kyA hai ? smaraNa nayA anubhava ? ] ukta pratyakSa ko smaraNa kA abhAva ( ahamajJaH = maiM smaraNa-rUpI jJAna ke abhAva se yukta haiM; isa rUpa meM ) to nahIM mAna sakate kyoMki abhAva ke jJAna meM [ pratiyogI kA jJAna ] kAraNa hotA hai aura yahA~ pratiyogI hai smaraNa / [ isalie smaraNa kA jJAna honA caahie| jJAna smaraNAtmaka hI hai to usameM smaraNAbhAva kaise sambhava hai ? ] ukta pratyakSa anubhava kA abhAva bhI nahIM kyoMki [ jJAnAbhAva se sambaddha jJAna anubhava ke rUpa meM hai ataH ] anubhava to anivArya hI hai ( usakA abhAva kaise mAneMge ? ) aba punaH zaMkA hotI hai ki AtmA meM ghaTa ke anubhava kA abhAva yadi pratyakSa kA viSaya ( Perceptible ) hai to 'ahamajJa : ' jJAnasAmAnya ke vAcaka jJA dhAtu (jAnanA) ko lakSaNA ( Indication ) zakti ke dvArA jJAna ( AtmasvarUpa ) - vizeSa se sambaddha anubhava ke artha meM samajhanA cAhie / lakSaNAvRtti kA taba grahaNa karate haiM jaba sambandha kI upapatti ( justification ) nahIM ho rahI ho /

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zAMkara-darzanam 735 sambandhastAvadanubhavatvajJAnatvayorekavyaktisamAvezo vyApyavyApakabhAvo vA vidyata eva / anupapatti tu na pshyaamH| nanvanubhavAbhAve pratyakSasya prameyalAbhastenaiva tasyArthavattA sidhyati / satyam / pryojnmetnnaanuppttiH| anyonyAzrayAt / yahAM para sambandha yahI hai ki anubhava honA aura jJAna honA, donoM kA samAveza eka hI [ ghaTa- pratyakSarUpI ] vyakti meM hotA hai tathA donoM ke bIja vyApya ( anubhava honA ) aura vyApaka ( jJAna honA ) kA sambandha bhI hai hii| isameM asiddhi kI AzaMkA hama nahIM dekhate / [ artha yaha hai ki 'gaMgA meM ghoSa' kahane se gaMgA-zabda kA zakyArtha ( vAcyArtha ) jo gaMgA hai usakA sambandha lakSyArtha ( taTa ) ke sAtha Azraya ke mAdhyama se hai| gaMgA aura tIra meM saMyoga vidyamAna hai / yaha vivaraNa tabhI hogA jaba padArtha ko jAti mAneM / yadi vyakti mAneMge to mukhyArtha aura lakSyArtha meM ( = pravAha aura taTa meM ) sIdhe hI saMyoga-sambandha mAnanA par3egA usI prakAra yahA~ jJA-dhAtu ke vAcyArtha ( jJAna ) aura lakSyArtha ( vizeSa anubhava ) meM sAmAnAdhikaraNya-sambandha hai / ghaTa-pratyakSa kI eka hI vyakti ( Individual form ) meM ve donoM haiM / vyApya-vyApaka kA sambandha to hai hii| kintu jisa taraha gaMgAzabda ke zakyArtha ( pravAha ) meM ghoSa kI sthiti asambhava hai vaisI bAta yahAM nahIM hai-jJAna aura anubhava donoM sahayogI haiN|] ___aba zaMkA hotI hai ki anubhava ( lakSyArtha) ke abhAva meM [pratyakSa ke dvArA kucha bhI bodhita na ho sakane ke kAraNa ] pratyakSa kI saphalatA ke lie prameya kA pradarzana avazya kareM kyoMki isI (prameya ) se usa pratyakSa kI sArthakatA siddha hotI hai| [ prameya anubhavavizeSa ke abhAva ke rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai yadi lakSaNA svIkAra kara leN| ataH lakSaNA to Apa ko mAnanI hI pdd'egii|] vedAntI uttara dete haiM ki tuma saca kahate ho| para prayojana lakSaNA ko anupapanna hone se nahIM bacA sakatA kyoMki anyonyAzraya-doSa ho jaaygaa| [pratyakSa kI saphalatA se lakSaNA kI aura lakSaNA se pratyakSa ko saphalatA kI siddhi hotI hai / aba lakSaNA ke mUla meM jo asiddhi hai use dUsare rUpa meM prakaTa karate haiN| ] nanvahamajJa ityatra naJ Atmani jJAna mAtrAbhAvaM na brUte / jJAnavati tasmin tadabhAvAt / nApyanubhavAbhAvam / jJAnoktastadanabhidhAyakatvAt / nararthakyaM ca na yuktamityanayavAnupapattyA lakSaNeti cet-uktalakSaNavAvidyA tdrtho'stu| sandeha iti cenna / asamatvAtkoTidvayasya / anyatra hi pratiyoginivatirnaarthaH / atra tupratiyogivyApyanivRttiriti / ___aba phira zaMkA hotI hai ki 'ahamajJaH' isa anubhava meM naJ ( Negation, abhAva ) AtmA meM jJAna-sAmAnya kA abhAva prakaTa nahIM karatA kyoMki AtmA jJAnayukta hai, usameM

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736 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe [ jJAnamAtra kA abhAva ] nahIM ho sakatA / na vaha nav jJAna-vizeSa arthAt anubhava ke abhAva ko hI prakaTa karatA hai kyoMki jaba 'jJAna' (jJA ) kahate haiM to jJAna-vizeSa kA artha prakaTa hotA hI nahIM / [ kisI gA~va meM koI vyAkaraNAcArya na ho to isakA artha yaha nahIM ki vaha gA~va avidvAn hai, jaba ki usa gA~va meM bar3e-bar3e paNDita hoM / usI prakAra, yadi jJAna - vizeSa na ho to jJAna hI nahIM, aisA nahIM kaheMge / ] ukta vAkya ko nirarthaka bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA [ kyoMki unmatta vyakti kA vAkya hai nahIM / ] isIlie anupapatti hone ke kAraNa ( 'ahamajJaH' yaha jJAna kisa prakAra kA hai, yaha nirNaya na ho sakane ke kAraNa ) lakSaNAvRtti se isakI siddhi mAneM / hamArA uttara hai ki Apa naJ kA artha uparyukta lakSaNa se yukta avidyA hI kyoM nahIM mAna lete ? [ lakSaNA ko svIkAra karane ke lie Apa cAroM ora se jo anupapatti kA stUpa khar3A kara rahe haiM aura kahate haiM ki ina jJAna kA nirUpaNa karanA asambhava hai - isI anirvacanIyatA ko to avidyA kahate haiM / ise hI hama abhAva kA artha kyoM na mAna leM ? anupapatti dikhAne ke bAda lakSaNA mAnane kA kaSTa kyoM kara rahe haiM ? ] [ naiyAyikAdi phira zaMkA karate haiM ki mAna liyA, anupapatti hI avidyA hai jo anirvacanIya hai, bhAvarUpa hai Adi / para naJ kA artha bhI vahI hai, yaha kaise sambhava hai ? abhAva bhI to naJ kA artha ho sakatA hai ? isa prakAra ] sandeha banA hI rahatA hai / hamArA uttara hai ki sandeha isalie nahIM hogA kyoMki donoM koTiyA~ ( pakSa ) barAbara nahIM haiM / [ nyAya-darzana meM hama dekha cuke haiM ki sandeha donoM pakSoM ke samAna hone para hI hotA haikoI prabala aura koI durbala ho gayA to sandeha miTa jAyagA / aba dikhAyeMge ki donoM koTiyA~ kese asamAna haiM / ] dUsare sthAnoM para nav pratiyogI kI nivRtti ke artha meM hotA hai [ jaise 'aghaTaM bhUtalam' meM aTake natra se pratiyogI ( ghaTa ) kI nivRtti samajhI jAtI hai / ] kintu yahA~ para ( 'ahamajJaH' meM ) isakA artha hai, pratiyogI ( jJAna ) ke dvArA vyApya ( anubhava ) kI nivRtti ( Negation ) / [ isa taraha Apa logoM ko lakSaNA kA Azraya lenA par3atA hai to abhAva kA pakSa to durbala ho hI gayA / nav kA artha yadi avidyA - anirvacanIyatAmAneMge to yaha koTi prabala hI rhegii| kAra hama lakSaNA pakSa aura avidyA - pakSa kI samatA dikhA cuke haiM / abhI aura bhI kaheMge / ] - jAnAtisamabhivyAhRtasya naJaH kvaciduktalakSaNAvidyAviSayatvasiddhimantareNa na sandeha ityavazyambhAvena saiva jAnAtisamabhivyAhRtasya namaH sarvatra tadviSayatvamavagamayati / vilumpati jJAnAbhAvako ghantaramiti kva sandehAvakAzaH ? tadevaM lakSaNAhetvabhAve'nubhavAbhAvo'pyAtmani na pratyakSeNa

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zAMkara-darzanam 737 gRhyata iti parizeSAduktalakSaNA avidyeva ' ajJaH' iti pratibhAsasya viSaya iti sthitam / jaba taka V jJA ( jAnanA ) dhAtu ke sAtha uccarita naJ ko kahIM para bhI ukta ( anirvacanIya ) lakSaNa ( Mark ) vAlI avidyA kA viSaya siddha nahIM kara dete, taba taka sandeha kI sthApanA nahIM kara sakate / [ jo loga ukta sandeha ko prastuta karate haiM unheM avidyA mAnanI par3atI hai tathA nav ko avidyA ke artha meM lenA par3atA hai / yaha tathya hai / ] cUMki yaha mAnanA bahuta Avazyaka hai - isalie vahI avidyA jJA-dhAtu ke sAtha uccarita nav stafar -viSayaka hI bodhita karatI hai / [ avidyA kA artha zIghra hI buddhigrAhya ho jAtA hai / ] jJAnAbhAva ke rUpa meM ukta pratyakSa ko mAnanevAlI koTi lupta ho jAtI hai, to, aba sandeha kA avakAza hI kahA~ para hai ? to, isa prakAra lakSaNA mAnane kA kAraNa ( anupapatti kI sambhAvanA ) na rahane se, anubhava kA abhAva [ jise Apa lakSaNA se siddha karane jA rahe the ], vaha bhI pratyakSa- rUpa meM AtmA meM gRhIta nahIM ho rahA hai / aba zeSa bacI hai avidyA, jisakA lakSaNa Upara [ anirvacanIya ke rUpa meM ] diyA gayA hai / vaha avidyA hI 'ajJa' isa zabda meM pratIti kA viSaya hai / yaha siddha huA / ( 19. dUsarI vidhi se 'ahamajJaH' ke dvArA avidyA kI siddhi ) astu vA jJAnAbhAvapratibhAsaH / ayamabhAvazva pratiyogI yatra niSidhyate na tataH tattvAntaramanyadadhikaraNabhAvAt / mA bhUdanyabhAvatvamanyAbhAvatvaM tu syAt / nanu tadapi viruddham / satyaM sati bhede / sa ca pramANAt / tacca sati pratiyogya bhAvAdhika raNatastattvAntare / nanu ghaTavati bhUtale ghaTAbhAvamitivyavahRtI syAtAmiti cet mA bhUtAmete pratiyoginA sahAnubhUya-. mAne'dhikaraNe / acchA, mAna liyA ki [ 'ahamajJaH' meM ] jJAnAbhAva kA hI pratyakSa ho rahA hai / lekina yaha abhAva to usa tattva se bhinna tattva nahIM jisameM pratiyogI kA niSedha kiyA jAtA hai arthAt vaha tattva AdhAra ( adhikaraNa ) svarUpa se bhinna nahIM hai / [ isa prakAra abhAva ko AdhArAtmaka siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai / ] [ neyAyika loga phira zaMkA karate haiM ki bhUtala kI apekSA ghaTAbhAva ] eka bhAva ( Positive entity ) ke rUpa meM bhinna bhale hI na rahe kintu abhAva ke rUpa meM to bhinna avazya hI hai / [ isa prakAra abhAva kI sattA adhikaraNa se pRthak rUpa meM hai, ataH 'ahamajJaH' meM naJ kA artha abhAva hI hai | ] ve Age kahate haiM ki yaha bhI to Apake ( vedAntiyoM ke ) siddhAnta se viruddha ho gayA [ kyoMki Apa 'ahamajJaH' meM bhAvarUpa ajJAna kA pratyakSa mAnate haiM aura idhara adhikaraNa se abhAva ko pRthak siddha kara diyA gayA hai / ] 47 sa0 saM0

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738 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe vedAntI uttara dete haiM ki ThIka kahate ho, kintu [ adhikaraNa aura abhAva meM ] bheda siddha ho jAya taba to ? aura bheda kI siddhi hogI pramANa se hI ( = abhAva-viSayaka pratyakSAdi se ) / vaha pramANa bhI tabhI kAma de sakatA hai jaba pratiyogI (ghaTa ) ke abhAva ke AdhAra ( bhUtala ) se use bhinna tattva mAne / [ parantu yaha hotA nhiiN| bhedasiddhi ke bAda pramANa bhinnAsiddhi-viSayaka hotA hai aura vaisA hone para hI pramANa bheda kI siddhi karatA hai-isa prakAra anyonyAzraya-doSa se to vaha grasta hai / ata: abhAva bhinna tattva ke rUpa meM siddha nahIM hotaa|] ____ aba punaH zaMkA hogI ki ghaTa se yukta bhUtala meM bhI ghaTAbhAva kA jJAna aura ghaTAbhAva kA vyavahAra hone lgegaa| [ yadi Apa abhAva ko bhAvAtmaka mAnate haiM to ye dazAeM hoMgI hii| ] hamArA uttara hai ki pratiyogI ke sAtha jisa adhikaraNa ( AdhAra ) kA anubhava ho rahA hai usameM to ye jJAna aura vyavahAra nahIM ho skte| [ jahA~ pratiyogI (virodhI) sAkSAt rahe vahA~ ye bhale hI nahIM raheM kintu jaba pratiyogI kA smaraNa hone para adhikaraNa kA anubhava ho rahA ho taba to inakA grahaNa hogA hI ( = jJAna aura vyavahAra donoM hogA ) ise hI Age batalA rahe haiM-] ___ pratiyogismaraNe satyanubhUyamAne'dhikaraNe tu syAtAm / evamapyupapatto na tattvAntaraviSayatvaM klpym| kA'nupapattiriti ced bAdhakAbhAvastAvadukta eva / bAdhakaM tu kalpanAgauravameva / tathA hi-tattvAntaratvaM tAvadekaM kalpyam / tasyAparokSatvAyendriyasannikarSaH kalpyaH / kinu pratiyogI kA smaraNa karane para jisa adhikaraNa kA anubhava kiyA jAtA hai usameM to ve donoM ( jJAna + vyavahAra ) ho hI sakate haiN| isa prakAra bhI [ abhAva kA jJAna hone para jo 'nahIM hai' kA vyavahAra hotA hai usakI ] siddhi ho jAne para abhAva ko kisI dumare tattva meM nahIM lenA caahie| aba yadi pUche ki isameM anupapatti kyA hai [ jo Apa aisA kaha rahe haiM ? ] 1 are, hamane to pahale hI kaha diyA hai ki bAdhaka na hone ke kAraNa hI aisA huA hai| kalpanA kA gaurava (eka ke badale kaI bAtoM ko mAnanA ) hI yahAM para bAdhaka hai / [ bAdhaka se bacane ke lie hI hama avidyA ke dvArA ukta pratyakSa kI siddhi karate haiN| yadi aisA na kareM to eka ke badale kaI cIjoM ko mAnanA pdd'egaa|] dekhiye-pahale to eka bhinna tatva ( abhAva ) kI kalpanA karanI pdd'egii| usake aparokSatva ( pratyakSa mAnane ) ke lie indriyasannikarSa kI kalpanA karanI pdd'egii| ____ sa ca saMyogAdirna bhavatIti saMyuktavizeSaNatvAdiH kalpya ityato varamuktalakSaNasyAdhikaraNasya vyvhaarvissye'nggiikaarH| sati caivaM jJAnAbhAvenApi pratiyogismRtau satyAmanubhUyamAnamadhikaraNaM jJAtaiva / sa ca na, kevalamantaHkaraNam / jaDatvAt / nApi kevala Atmaiva / apariNAmitvAd

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739 zAMkara-darzanam guNatvAcca / ata ubhayorabhedAdhyAsaH / AtmAdhyAsazcoktalakSaNAvidyA. smeti-AyAtamavidyAyAmevAhamajJa iti pratibhAsaH pramANamiti / usake bAda, cUMki vaha indriya-sannikarSa saMyogAdi ke rUpa meM nahIM ho sakatA ( = cakSu ke saMyoga se ghaTAbhAva ko dekhA nahIM jA sakatA ), isalie saMyukta vastu ( bhUtala ) ke sAtha vizeSaNa-vizeSya ko bhI kalpanA karanI par3egI / [ ghaTAbhAva se yukta bhUtala hai -isameM bhUtala cakSu se saMyukta hai aura ghaTAbhAva vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM hai / bhUtala meM ghaTAbhAva haiyahA~ cakSu se saMyukta bhUtala meM ghaTAbhAva vizeSya ke rUpa meM hai| isI taraha kI kalpanAyeM karanI pdd'eNgii|] isa [ bAra-bAra kI kalpanA ] se to kahIM acchA hai uparyukta lakSaNa (pratiyogI kA smaraNa hone para jisakI anubhUti hotI hai ) se yukta adhikaraNa ko vyavahAra ke rUpa meM mAne / [ to, abhAva kA anubhava = pratiyogI ke smaraNa ke sAtha adhikaraNa kA anubhava / azava = adhikaraNa ] aisA hone para jJAnAbhAva ke dvArA bhI jaba pratiyogI kA smaraNa hotA hai to jisa adhikaraNa kA anubhava kiyA jA rahA hai vaha jJAtA hI hai / [ 'ahamajJaH' meM jJAta ke abhAva kI anubhUti jisa adhikaraNa meM ho rahI hai vaha adhikaraNa hI jJAtA ( adhyasta AtmA) hai| ] vaha jJAtA na to kevala antaHkaraNa ( mana ) hai, kyoMki mana jar3a hotA hai [ aura jJAtA ko cetana honA Avazyaka hai ] / vaha kevala AtmA bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki AtmA meM na to pariNAma ( parivartana ) hotA hai aura na usameM koI guNa hI rahate haiM / isalie [ usa jJAtA para AtmA aura antaHkaraNa ] donoM ke abheda ( sAdRzya ) kA adhyAsa ( Superimposition ) hotA hai / aba, AtmA kA adhyAsa cUMki uparyukta lakSaNoM se yukta avidyA ke rUpa meM hI hotA hai, ataH avidyA meM hI 'ahamajJaH' isa ke lie pratyakSa pramANa para pahuMcate haiN| (20. anumAna se avidyA kI siddhi ) anumAnaM ca-vivAdapadaM pramANajJAnaM svaprAgabhAvavyatiriktasvaviSayA. varaNasvanivartyasvadezagatavastvantarapUrvakamaprakAzitArthaprakAzakatvAt / andhakAre prathamotpannapradIpaprabhAvaditi / __ vastupUrvakamityukta aatmvstupuurvktvenaarthaantrtaa| tadartha vstvntreti| tthaapi| viSayabhUte vstvntre'rthaantrtaa| tadarthaM svadezagateti / adRSTAdikaM pratyAdeSTuM svanivatyati / [ avidyA kI siddhi ke lie ] anumAna bhI hotA hai (1) vivAdAspada (prastuta ) pramANajJAna aise vastvantara ( dUsarI vastu arthAt avidyA ) ke bAda hotA hai jo ( vastvantara apane prAgabhAva se vyatirikta ( Different )

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ho, apane niSaya kA AvaraNarUpa ho, apane hI dvArA nivRtta ho sakatA ho tathA apane hI sthAna se sambaddha ( svadezagata ) ho / ( pratijJA ) ( 2 ) kyoMki vaha aprakAzita padArtha kA prakAzaka hai / ( hetu ) ( 3 ) jaise andhakAra meM pahale-pahala utpanna dIpaka kI prabhA hoto hai / ( udAharaNa ) [ pratijJA ke vAkya meM vastvantara ke cAra vizeSaNa diye gaye haiM / saboM meM 'sva' zabda lagA hai jisase pramANajJAna kA bodha hotA hai / vaha vastvantara vAstava meM avidyA hI hai / usake binA koI bhI vaisA nahIM bana sakatA / isa anumAna se avidyA kI siddhi hotI hai, kyoMki 'ayaM ghaTa:' isa pramANajJAna ke sthAna meM pramANajJAna ke pahale avidyA rahatI hai / kintu, cUMki vaha bhI pramANajJAna kI apekSA rahatI hai isalie vastvantara kahalAtI hai / pramANajJAna ke Azraya arthAt AtmA meM rahane se svadezagata kahalAtI hai / pramANajJAna se hI usakA vinAza hotA hai isIlie vaha svanivartya hai / pramANajJAna kA viSaya arthAt ghaTa kA AvaraNa karatI hai isIlie svaviSayAvaraNa hai / avidyA pramANajJAna ke prAgabhAva se bhinna rUpa meM svIkRta kI jAtI hai isIlie svaprAgabhAvavyatirikta hai / ina vizeSaNoM se vibhUSita vastvantara yadi avidyA ke alAve koI dUsarI ho to batalAveM ! isa sAdhyAMza ke kisI Tukar3e ko chor3a dene para avidyA kI siddhi meM bAdhA pahu~cegI / usakA nirUpaNa aba karate haiM / ] 740 ( 1 ) yadi kevala 'vastu ke pazcAt ' ( vastupUrvakam ) itanA kahate to [ pramANajJAna kA Azraya svarUpa ] AtmArUpI vastu ke bAda hone ke kAraNa [ vaha AtmA avidyA se ] pRthak padArtha ho jAyagI / isIlie vastvantara zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / [ 'vastvantara' kA prayoga karane se AtmA pramANajJAna se pRthak vastu siddha nahIM hotI kyoMki vastvantara = apane se yA svAzraya se bhinna / ] ( 2 ) aba yadi isI prakAra kevala vastvantara ko viSaya ( sAdhya ) ke rUpa meM rakheM to [ pramANajJAna ke viSaya jo ghaTa Adi vastueM haiM ve avidyA kI apekSA ] bhinna padArtha ya~ / isIlie svadezagata zabda lagAyA gayA hai / [ apane pramANajJAna kA AdhAra AtmA hai, usameM sthita ghaTAdi nahIM / ] ( 3 ) adRSTa ( dharma aura adharma ) Adi ( = sukhAdi Atmagata ) padArthoM kI vyAvRtti ( Exclusion ) ke lie svanivartya zabda pravRtta huA hai / [ svadezagata kahane se to AtmA ke andara ke sAre padArtha - dharma, adharma, sukha, duHkha, icchA Adi - bhI cale AyeMge / isIlie svanivartya lagAyA gayA hai ki avidyA se kevala pramANajJAna ke dvArA nivartya vastu kAhI bodha ho / ] uttarajJAnanivatyaM prathamajJAnaM nivartayituM svaviSayAvaraNeti / prAgabhAvaM pratikSeptuM svaprAgabhAvavyatirikteti / svaprAgabhAvavyatiriktapUrvakamityukte viSayeNArthAntaratA / tadarthaM viSayAvaraNeti / tAdRzamandhakAraM vyAsedhuM

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zAMkara-darzana 741 svanivati / viSayagatAmajJAnatAM nirAkartu svadezagateti / mithyAjJAnamapohituM vstvntreti| dhArAvAhikavijJAne vyabhicAraM vyaasedhumprkaashiteti| (4) uttara kSaNa ke jJAna se pUrvakSaNa ke jJAna kI nivRtti hotI hai isa [prakAra ke svanivartya jJAna ] kI vyAvRtti ke lie svaviSayAvaraNa zabda lagAyA hai [ jisameM avidyA kA lakSaNa prakaTa hotA hai ki vaha apane viSaya ghaTa kA AvaraNa svayaM karatI hai-usameM pUrvApara jJAna kA prazna nahIM hai| ] (5) [ ukta prakAra ke pramANajJAna meM prAgabhAva hai hI---] isIlie prAgabhAva ko dUra karane ke lie svaprAgabhAvavyatirikta zabda kA prayoga huA hai| [isa prakAra abhI taka antima vizeSaNa se prathama vizeSaNa kI ora jAte hue una saboM kI sArthakatA dikhA rahe the / aba prathama vizeSaNa se Arambha karake antima vizeSaNa kI ora A rahe haiM / isa prakAra vizeSaNoM kI sArthakatA para bhalI-bhAMti vicAra karake hI anumAna ke dvArA avidyA kI siddhi kI jA rahI hai / ] (1) yadi kevala itanA kahate ki 'pramANajJAna apane prAgabhAva se bhinna vastvantara ke bAda utpanna hotA hai to vaha pramANajJAna apane viSaya ( ghaTa-paTAdi ) se hI pRthak padArtha ho jAtA / isa prasaGga ko rokane ke lie viSayAvaraNa zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai [jisase pramANajJAna aura viSayoM kA aikya siddha hotA hai| viSaya kA AvaraNa hai arthAt svayaM viSayoM ke rUpa meM hai|] (2) [ aba prazna hai ki andhakAra bhI to viSaya kA AvaraNa karatA hai to kyA ise hI pramANajJAna kaheMge ? nahIM, ] aise hI svaviSayAvaraNa karanevAle andhakAra kA niSedha karane ke lie svanivartya zabda lagAyA hai| [ andhakAra svanivartya nahIM hai, pramANajJAna hai|] andhakAra kI nivRtti prakAza se hotI hai, pramANajJAna se nhiiN|] . (3) viSaya-niSTha ajJAtatA ko dUra karane ke lie svadezagata vizeSaNa lagA hai| [ ghaTAdi viSayoM meM ajJAtatA hai, usakA nirAkaraNa bhI pramANajJAna se hI hotA hai parantu vaha ajJAtatA pramANajJAna meM avasthita to nahIM hai / ] ( 4 ) mithyAjJAna kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie vastvantara zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai [ sIpI meM jo cAMdI ke rUpa meM jJAna hotA hai vaha ( sopo ke jJAnarUpI ) pramANajJAna ke prAgabhAva se bhinna hotA hai; isa pramANajJAna (zuktitvaprakAraka) se apane viSaya (sIpI ) kA AvaraNa bhI nivRtta ho jAtA hai tathA yaha jJAna AtmaniSTha (sIpI ke jJAna ke Azraya AtmA meM sthita ) bhI hai, phira bhI vaha pramANajJAna vastvantara nahIM hai kyoMki jJAna hai-aura yahAM jJAna ko vastvantara mAnate haiM / ]

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ( 5 ) dhArAvAhika vijJAna ( jJAna - santAna, Series of knowledge ) meM vyabhicAra rokane ke lie aprakAzita kA prayoga huA hai [ dhArAvAhika vijJAna meM prathama jJAna ajJAnapUrvaka hotA hai / usa prathama jJAna se ajJAna kI nivRtti hotI hai aura viSaya kA prakAzana hotA hai / aba to prakAzita vastu kA hI prakAzana Arambha hone lagatA hai, aprakAzita kA nahIM / kevala isI guNa kA hI abhAva dhArAvAhika vijJAna meM hai, anyathA aura saba samAna haiM / ] [ aba dRSTAnta kI sArthakatA para prakAza DAlate haiM / ] 742 . madhyavartipradIpaprabhAyAM sAdhyasAdhanavaMdhuryapratirodhAya prathamotpannavizeSaNam / saurAlokavyAptadezasthapradIpaprabhApratikSepAyAndhakAreti / na ca jJAnasAdhake pramANe vyabhicAraH zaGkanIyaH / vipratipannaM pratyasattvanivRttimAtrasya pramANakRtyatvAt / taduktaM devatAdhikaraNe kalpatarukArai:anumAnAdibhirasattvanivRttikriyata iti / CUR madhyavartI ( prathama kSaNa aura antima kSaNa ke bIca kI ) pradIpa -prabhA meM sAdhya - sAdhana kA abhAva rokane ke lie 'prathama utpanna' yaha vizeSaNa lagAyA gayA hai / [ dIpa kI prabhA kSaNa-kSaNa meM badalatI rahatI hai / uparyukta anumAna meM prathama utpanna dIpa -prabhA kA diyA gayA hai arthAt andhakAra se bhare sthAna meM prathama kSaNa kI dIpa- prabhA / yahA~ para uparyukta lakSaNoM se yukta vastvantaraM andhakAra hai to 'andhakAra ke bAda honA' sAdhya huA / 'aprakAzita kA prakAzana' hetu hai / yaha spaSTa hai ki madhyavartI prabhA ukta vatsvantara ke bAda nahIM hotI, kyoMki andhakAra kI nivRtti prathama kSaNa kI prabhA se hI ho jAtI hai / madhyavartI prabhA aprakAzita vastu kA prakAzana bhI nahIM karatI, kyoMki yaha kAma bhI to prathama kSaNa vAlI prabhA hI karatI hai / isalie madhyavartI prabhA meM sAdhya - sAdhana kA abhAva hai aura vaha dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM nahIM dI jA sakatI / dRSTAnta ko sArthakatA ke lie 'prathama utpanna' vizeSaNa lagAyA gayA hai / ] usI taraha sUrya ke Aloka se vyApta sthAnoM meM ( Exclusion ) karane ke lie 'andhakAra' zabda kA prakAza phailA ho aura yadi dIpa kI prabhA prathama kSaNa meM ( prabhA ) na to hetu hI ho sakatI hai aura na sAdhya hI / ke rUpa meM nahIM A sakatI / andhakAra ko haTAnevAlI prabhA ho dRSTAnta ho sakatI hai / ] ukta pradIpa prabhA kA vyabhicAra jJAnasAdhaka pramANa meM hogA, aisI zaMkA na kareM kyoMki pramANa kA kAma kevala itanA hI hai ki kisI vastu ke astitva ke viSaya meM vivAda karanevAle vyakti ko usake asattA viSayaka sandeha ko miTA deM / [ vyabhicAra ( asahacara ) kI kI sambhAvanA isalie thI ki sabhI pramANa to jJAna ke sAdhaka haiM / pratyakSa jJAna kI sAdhaka sthita pradIpa kI prabhA ko vyAvRtti prayoga huA hai / [ dina meM sUrya kA utpanna huI bhI ho, phira bhI vaha isalie vaisI dIpa- prabhA dRSTAnta

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zakaradarzanam 743 indriyoM ko pratyakSa pramANa kahate haiM / anumiti kA sAdhaka liMga - parAmarza anumAna hai / zAbdajJAna kA sAdhaka zabda bhI pramANa hai / so ye pramANa hetu se to yukta haiM kyoMki aprakAzita artha kA prakAzana karate haiM kintu sAdhya yahA~ nahIM hai, kyoMki ukta vastvantara ke bAda ye nahIM hote / vyabhicAra kI zaMkA kA nivAraNa karate haiM ki pramANa ukta vastu ke prakAzaka nahIM haiN| pramANoM se utpanna jJAna hI vastuoM kA prakAzana kara sakatA hai / ] ise devatAdhikaraNa meM kalpataru ke racayitA ( amalAnanda ) kahA hai- 'anumAnAdi pramANoM ke dvArA asatA ko nivRtti karate haiM / ( arthAt vastu kI sattA ko lekara vivAda karanevAle vyakti meM sandeha miTA dete haiM ki yaha asat hai / sattA ko siddhi phira jJAna se hotI hai / ) nanu sAdhanavikalo dRSTAnta iti cenna / prakAzazabdena tamo virodhyAkArasya vivakSitatvAt / taduktaM vivaraNavivaraNe sahajasarvajJaviSNubhaTTopAdhyAya: - ' na cAtra pakSadRSTAntayorekaprakAzarUpAnanvayaH zaGkanIyaH / tamovirodhyAkAro hi prakAzazabdavAcyaH / tenAkAreNaikyamubhayatrAsti' iti / narendragirizrIcaraNaistvitthamuktam --- 'aprakAzitaprakAzavyavahArahetutvaM hetvarthaH / tasya cobhayatrAnugatatvAnnAsiddhayAdiriti / ' aba yadi koI kahe ki ApakA dRSTAnta ( prabhA ) sAdhana se rahita hai [ kyoMki prabhA svayaM to artha kA prakAzana nahIM karatI / artha- prakAzana jJAna hI karatA hai / artha- prakAzana = artha kA sphurita honA / prabhA kevala andhakAra haTAkara indriyoM kI sahAyatA karatI hai / to, artha- prakAzana na hone ke kAraNa prabhA sAdhana rahita hai - vaha dRSTAnta nahIM bana sakatI / yadi Apa jJAnasphuraNa ke sahAyakoM ko bhI prakAzakoM kI zreNI meM lete haiM to indriyoM kA kyA aparAdha hai ? unheM bhI prakAzaka mAneM / ] to hama kaheMge ki aisI bAta nahIM hai, kyoMki 'prakAza' zabda kA artha [ hama arthaskuraNa na lekara ] kevala andhakAra ke virodhI rUpa meM lete haiM / [ antaHkaraNa kI vRtti Antarika andhakAra dUra karatI hai, prabhA bAharI andhakAra dUra karatI hai / viSaya kA sphuraNa to dUsare rUpa meM hotA hai jo hama dekha hI cuke haiMbuddhitatsthacidAbhAsau dvAvapi vyApnuto ghaTam / tatrAjJAnaM dhiyA nazyedAbhAsena ghaTaH sphuret // ( paJcadazI 7/91 ) indriyoM kI bAta Apane uThAyI hai / ve antaHkaraNa ko mArga dikhAkara sahAyatA karanI haiM, andhakAra ko dUra nahIM karatIM / isalie ve prakAzaka nahIM haiM / ] ise vivaraNa kA vivaraNa ( TIkA ) karate hue janmajAta sarvajJa zrI viSNubhaTTa upAdhyAya ne kahA hai - 'yahA~ ( ukta anumAna meM ), pakSa aura dRSTAnta donoM eka prakAra se

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe prakAzaka nahIM haiM ataH una donoM meM sambandha nahIM hogA, aisI zaMkA na kreN| prakAza kA artha andhakAra kA nAzaka hI yahA~ para liyA gayA hai| isa rUpa meM donoM ( pakSa-pramANajJAna, dRSTAnta prabhA) meM ekatA to hai hI / ' 744 narendragiri zrIcaraNa ne to aise kahA hai- 'aprakAzita padArtha ko prakAza meM lAne kA vyavahAra hetu kA artha hai jo prakAza aura jJAna donoM meM anugata ( Common ) hai / isalie asiddhi Adi kI kalpanA na kareM / ( 21. zabda - pramANa se avidyA kI siddhi ) zrutezva | 'bhUyazvAnte vizvamAyAnivRttiH' (zve0 1 / 10 ) ityAdikA zrutiH / 52. taratyavidyAM vitatAM hRdi yasminnivezite / yogI mAyAmameyAya tasmai vidyAtmane namaH // iti ca / etena tatpratyuktaM yaduktaM bhAskareNa kSapaNakacaraNaM pramANazaraNe, 'bhedAbhedavAdinAM bhAvarUpamajJAnaM nAsti kiM tu jJAnAbhAva' iti / [ avidyA kI siddhi ke lie ] zruti -pramANa bhI hai / 'punaH anta meM saMsAra rUpI mAyA ( yA sArI mAyA ) kI nivRtti ho jAtI hai' ( zve0 1110 ) - isa taraha kI zruti hai / yaha bhI [ smRti-vAkya ke rUpa meM ] hai - 'hRdaya meM jisa ( brahma ) ke niviSTa kara diye jAne para yogI phailI huI avidyA yA mAyA ko pAra kara jAte haiM vaise ameya ( ajJeya ) jJAnasvarUpa brahma ko namaskAra hai / ' ina takoM se hI bhAskarAcArya kI usa ukti kA khaNDana ho gayA jise unhoMne bauddhasammata pramANoM kA vivecana karate hue ( ? ) spaSTa kiyA hai ki bhedAbheda-vAdiyoM ke yahA~ ajJAna bhAvarUpa nahIM hai, kintu jJAnAbhAva hai / tathA ca bhAskarapraNItazArIrakamImAMsAbhASyagranthaH / yadeva pararUpAdarzanaM saivAvidyeti / bhAvarUpAjJAnAnabhyupagame jIvezvarAdivibhAgAnupapatteH / na ca bhAvikaH paramAtmanoM'zo jIva iti vAcyam / 'niSkalaM niSkriyaM zAntaM niravadyaM niraJjanam' ( zve 0 6 / 19 ) ityAdizrutivirodhAt / bhAskarAcArya ke dvArA racita zArIraka-mImAMsA ( brahmasUtra ) ke bhASya kA yahI kathana hai / pararUpa kA jo dikhalAI na par3anA hai, vahI avidyA hai / para aba hamArA ( advaitavedAntiyoM kA ) yaha kahanA hai ki bhAvarUpa ajJAna yadi svIkAra nahIM kareM to jIva aura Izvara ke vibhAga kI siddhi nahIM hogI / lekina Apa aisA na samajha leM ki sacamuca ( bhAvika = real, satya ) jIva paramAtmA kA aMza hI hai kyoMki vaisA mAnane se isa zruta-vAkya kA virodha hogA - ' [ vaha brahma ] kalAoM yA aMzoM se

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zAMkara-parzanam 745 rahita hai, kriyA-rahita hai, zAnta (pariNAmarahita ) hai' [ rAgAdi ] doSoM meM zUnya hai tathA aJjana (dharma-adharma Adi ) se bhI bhinna hai|' (zve0 6.19) / (22. zAkta-sampradAya meM mAyA-zakti) kecana zAktAH zakti mAyAzabdArthabhUtAM jagatkAraNatvenAGgIkRtAM satyAmabhyupetya mAtuliGgagadAkheTavidhAriNI mahAlakSmIstasyAH prathamAvatAra iti varNayanti / sA ca kAlarAtriH sarasvatIti dve zaktI utpAdya brahmANaM puruSaM zriyaM ca striyamutpAdayAmAsa / svayaM mithunaM janayitvA svasute apyAha-ahamiva yuvAmapi mithunamutpAdayatamiti / tataH kAlarAtrirmahAdevaM puruSaM svarAM striyaM ca janayAmAsa / sarasvatI ca viSNuM puruSaM gaurI ca striyamudapAdayat / kucha loga arthAt zakti-sampradAyavAle 'mAyA' zabda kA artha zakti ( Eternal and mysterious power ) samajhate haiM jise jagat ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA gayA hai tathA jo satsvarUpA hai / use mAna karake ye loga mAtuliGga ( eka phala ), gadA aura carma dhAraNa karanevAlI mahAlakSmI kA usake prathama avatAra ke rUpa meM varNana karate haiN| usa ( mahAlakSmI ) ne kAlarAtri aura sarasvatI nAmaka do zaktiyoM ko utpanna karake puruSa ke rUpa meM ( as for man ) brahmA ko aura strI ke rUpa meM zrI ( lakSmI ) ko utpanna kiyaa| [ mahAlakSmI ne ] svayam eka jor3e ( brahmA+zrI ) ko utpanna karake apanI putriyoM se kahA-mere hI samAna tuma donoM bhI jor3A utpanna karatI jaao| taba kAlarAtri ne eka puruSa arthAt mahAdeva ko aura eka strI arthAt svarA ko utpanna kiyaa| udhara sarasvatI ne bhI eka puruSa-viSNu ko aura eka strI-gaurI ko utpanna kiyA / tatazcAdivivAhamakarodakArayacca / evaM brahmaNe svarAM, viSNave zriyaM, zivAya gaurI dattvA zaktiyuktAnAM teSAM sRSTisthitisaMhArAkhyAni karmANi prtypaadyditi| tadetanmataM zrutyAvimUlapramANavidhuratayA svotprekSAmAtraparikalpitamiti svarUpavyAkriyava nirAkriyetyupekSaNIyam / tatazcAnirvacanIyAnAdyavidyAlasitaH pratyagAtmani pratIyamAnaH pramAtRtvAviprapaJca itylmtiprsnggn|| taba pahalI ( mahAlakSmI ) ne vivAha kiyA aura karAyA bhii| tadanusAra brahmA ko svarA, viSNa ko zrI tathA ziva ko gaurI samarpita karake unheM zaktiyukta kara diyA tathA unheM kramazaH sRSTi, sthiti aura saMhAra nAmaka karma batalA diyaa| [advaita vedAntI kahate haiM ki ] yaha mata to zruti Adi pramANoM para AdhArita nahIM hai| apanI utprekSA se hI kalpita huA hai ataH isakA sabase bar3A khaNDana yahI hai ki yaha apane 1. zAnta = bubhukSA, pipAsA, zoka, moha, jarA, mRtyu-ina chaha urmiyoM se rahita /

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746 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe Apa hI apane rUpa kA vizleSaNa karatA hai [ pramANoM ke AdhAra para nahIM / ] ataeva yaha tyAjya mata 1 to isa prakAra jJAtA, jJeya Adi kA yaha prapaJca, jo pratyagAtmA ( jIvAtmA ) meM pratIta hotA hai, anAdi avidyA se yukta hai / aba adhika kyA bar3hAyeM ? vizeSa - yaha Azcarya hai ki sAyaNa-mAdhava ne eka avaidika sampradAya - zevoM kA varNana to apane darzanasaMgraha meM kiyA hai, para usa sampradAya se anyUnatara mahattvavAle zAktasampradAya kA kevala ullekha karake hI chor3a diyA / vAstava meM zAkta-sampradAya aura tAntrika mata eka dina apane yauvana ke AkAza meM the| donoM ke apane-apane siddhAnta the / nAnA prakAra kI kriyAoM aura vidhiyoM se ye mata atyanta camatkArapUrNa the / pratyeka pratIka kA eka artha thA jinheM hama Aja bhramavaza bhUla baiThe haiM / yahA~ unakA vivecana samocIna nahIM hai / zaivoM kI taraha zAktoM ke bhI Agama haiM jinhoMne kucha videzI paNDitoM ko bhI AkRSTa kiyA hai | duHkha hai ki Aja Agama ke jJAtA to dUra una para vizvAsa karanevAloM kA bhI abhAva ho gayA hai / ( 23. saMsAra avidyA -kalpita hai - zaMkA-samAdhAna ) nanu kimarthaM pramAtRtvAdInAmAvidyakatvaM nigadyate / brahmajJAnena nivartanAya jIvasya brahmabhAvAya vA ? na prathamaH / zAstraprAmANyAdeva satyasyApi jJAnena nivRtterupapatteH / upalambhAcca / tathA hi setuM dRSTvA vimucyeta brahmA brahmahatyayA / ityAdinA pApaM sanIstrasyate / viSayadoSadarzanena rAgo dandahyate / tAryadhyAnena viSaM zamyate / evaM kartRtvAdibandhaH pAramArthiko'pi tattvajJAnena nivartyeta / zaMkA - jJAtA honA Adi bhAvoM ko Apa avidyAkalpita ( mithyA ) kyoM mAnate haiM ? kyA isalie ki brahmajJAna se usakI nivRtti ho sake ? [ smaraNIya hai ki mithyA vastu kI hI nivRtti jJAna se hotI hai, saccI vastu kI nahIM / isalie prapaJca ko sambhavataH satya nahIM mAnate hoMge / ] yA isalie mAnate haiM ki jIva ko brahmatva kI prApti ho ? [ yadi jIva meM jJAtRtva Adi dharma satya hote to jIva ko vizeSasahita mAnanA par3atA aura vesI sthiti meM nirvizeSa brahma ke sAtha tAdAtmya nahIM ho sakatA / yoM zuddha jIva aura brahma kA tAdAtmya ho jAtA hai / ] inameM pahalA vikala to ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki zAstroM ke pramANa se hI yaha siddha hai ki jJAna se [ na kevala mithyA vastu kI, pratyuta ] satya padArtha kI bhI nivRtti hotI hai [ muNDakopaniSad ( 3 / 2 / 9 ) ke isa vAkya meM batalAyA haiM ki brahmajJAna se brahmatva kI prApti hotI hai - 'brahma veda brahmeva bhavati' / aba yaha brahmatva tabhI hotA hai jaba jIva kI upAdhiyoM

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zAMkara-darzanam ( External qualifications ) kA nAza ho jAya / ' to jIva kI mana-buddhi Adi upAdhiyoM kI nivRtti hone para bhI pramArUpa brahmajJAna se unakI ( satya upAdhiyoM kI ) nivRtti ho sakatI / upAdhinAza ke pahale jIva brahmatva pA nahIM sakatA | ] dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki aisI bAtoM kI prApti bhI hotI hai, jaise- 'brAhmaNa kA hatyArA vyakti [ rAmacandra ke rAmezvara ] pula ko dekhakara brahmahatyA se vimukta ho jAtA hai|' ina pApoM ke trasta hone kA varNana hai / viSayoM meM doSa dekha lene se rAga ( anurakti, Asakti, attachment ) kA dahana ( nAza ) hotA hai, aura garur3ajI ( tArkSya ) ke dhyAna se viSa utara jAtA hai / [ ye sAre kArya satya ( Real ) haiM, mithyA nahIM / inakI nivRtti to jJAna se hI hotI hai / ] to isI prakAra kartRtva, jJAtRtvAdi bandhana [ jo jIvoM meM lage haiM yadi ve ] satya bhI hoM (mAne jAyeM) to kyA Apatti hai ? tattvajJAna se unakI nivRtti ho jAyagI / [ isalie brahmajJAna se nivRtti hone ke lie bandhoM ( Bondage ) ko mithyA mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM / satya mAnane para bhI kArya meM antara nahIM par3egA / ] na caramaH / aupAdhikasya jIvabhAvasyopAdhinivRttyA nivRttau brahmabhAvasambhavAt / tasmAd bandhasyAvidyakatvavAcoyuktiH sAvadyeti cet-naitadanavadyam / satyasyAtmavajjJAnanivartyatvAnupapatteH / bandhasya mithyAtvamantareNa zAstrApramANyAdapi tadasiddhezva / zAstramapi - lokAvagatasAmarthyaH zabdo vede'pi bodhakaH / lokAvalokitAM padarzAkta padArthayogyatAM corarIkRtya iti nyAyena pracaratIti / jJAtRtva = ApakA kahanA galata dUsarA vikalpa bhI ThIka nahIM, kyoMki AdhiyoM kI nivRtti ke bAda aupAdhika jIvatva kI nivRtti hone para to brahmatva kI prApti sambhava hI hai / isalie bandha ( kartRtva, Adi sambandha bhAva ) ko avidyA- kalpita kahane kI bAta doSoM se bharI huI hai / samAdhAna - ApakA doSAropaNa bhI doSarahita nahIM hai ( hai / jisa prakAra [ satya ] AtmA kI nivRtti jJAna se hotI hai usa taraha [ mana Adi padArthoM ko ] satya mAnane se unakI nivRtti jJAna ke dvArA nahIM ho sakatI / [ upAdhiyoM ko mithyA siddha karane ke hI abhiprAya se zAstra upAdhi kI nivRtti kA pratipAdana karate haiM / yahI kahate haiM / ] bandhoM ( Qualifications ) ko binA mithyA mAne, zAstroM ke pramANa se bhI usakI asiddhi hI hotI hai / [ jahA~ para zAstroM meM yukti se viruddha artha kI pratIti ho vahAM yuktisaMgata artha ko hI zAstra kA tAtparya mAnanA cAhie / ] 1. tula0 -- AtmopaniSad ( 1116 ) - 747 ghaTe naSTe yathA vyoma vyomaiva bhavati svayam / tathaivopAdhivilaye brahmeva brahmavitsvayam //

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe 'jisa zabda kI sAmarthya ( zabdArtha - bodha kI zakti ) loka vyavahAra se avagata ho cukI hai vaha ( zabda ) veda meM bhI bodhaka hotA hai - isa niyama se zAstra bhI lokavyavahAra se siddha pada-zakti aura padArthabodha ko yogyatA ko svIkAra karake hI arthabodha karAtA hai / [ zAstra ke vAkyoM kA tAtparya laukika yuktiyoM se hI grahaNa kareM / ] 748 aparathA 'Adityo yUpa:' ( tai0 brA0 2 / 15 ) ' yajamAnaH prastaraH ' ( tai0 saM0 1 / 7 / 4 ) ityAdivAkyastomasya yathAzrute'rthe prAmANyApateH vaidikyA: kriyAyAH samakSakSayitayA pAratrika phalaka raNatvAnyathAnupapattyA apUrvAGgIkaraNAnupapattizca / yadi aisA na ho to 'Aditya yajJastambha hai' ( te0 brA0 2 / 115 ) 'yajamAna patthara hai' ( tai0 saM0 11714 ) isa taraha ke vAkya-samUhoM kI prAmANikatA hameM unhIM arthoM meM mAnanI par3egI jinakA bodha inake andara ke zabda karAte haiM / [ sambhAvya artha meM hI zruti bhI prAmANika hotI hai / prathama vAkya kA yathAzruta artha hai - Aditya aura khUMTe kA tAdAtmya ! kintu isa artha meM to zruti prAmANika nahIM ho sakatI - laukika vyavahAra isakA virodha karegA / Aditya ke sAtha sAdRzya bhale hI hai, kyoMki yUpa meM Aditya ke guNa - teja, camaka Adi haiM / isI artha meM ye zrutivAkya pramANa ho sakate haiM / yajamAna bhI patthara ke samAna sahiSNu hai / ] [ jyotiSToma yAga Adi ] vaidika kriyAyeM dekhate-hI-dekhate naSTa ho jAnevAlI haiM, isalie pAralaukika phala ( svarga kI prApti ) utpanna karane kI asiddhi dUsare prakAra se ( kArya-kAraNa-bhAva ke dRSTikoNa se ) bhI ho jAtI hai / [ Azaya yaha hai ki jyotiSTomayAga eka kriyA hai jisakA nAza atyanta zIghratA se ho jAtA hai / kintu vedoM meM isakA phala diyA gayA hai-- svargaprApti / kyA svargaprApti taka vaha yAga apanA phala dene ke lie baiThA rahegA ? kisI bhI dazA meM dUra rahane ke kAraNa kArya-kAraNa-sambandha kI sthiti nahIM ho paatii| yadi Apa kaheM ki apUrva yA adRSTa ke kAraNa kriyA kA phala surakSita rahegA to hamArA uttara hai ki apUrva ko svIkAra karane ke lie bhI koI pramANa nahIM / loke ca zuktivyakti tattvAbhivyaktAvapanIyamAnasyAropitasya midhyAtvataddRSTAntAvaSTambhenAtmatatvasAkSAtkAravidyApanodyasyAvidyakasya buSTau bandhasya mithyAtvAnumAnasambhavAt / vimataM mithyA, nivartyatvAt, zuktikArUpyavaditi / adhiSThAnatattvajJAna tattva prakAzita to laukika vyavahAra meM jaba sIpI kA vyaktigata ( Individual ) hotA hai taba usake dvArA dUra haTAne ke yogya Aropita padArtha ( cA~dI ) ke mithyA hone kI dRSTi milatI hai, usI dRSTAnta para AdhArita hone ke kAraNa, Atmatattva ke sAkSAtkArarUpI jJAna ke dvArA dUra haTAne yogya jo yaha avidyA-kallita bandha hai usake mithyA hone kA anu

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zAMkara-varzanam 749 mAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / [ sIpI ke tattva kI abhivyakti hone para Aropita rajata kI mithyAdRSTi naSTa hotI hai| vaise hI Atmatattva ke sAkSAtkAra se isa kartRtvAdi bandha kA nAza hotA hai| yadi sIpI meM rajata kI pratIti mithyA hai to Atmatattva meM prapaMca kI pratIti bhI mithyA hI hai / aba ukta anumAna kA svarUpa dikhalAte haiM-] (1) prastuta ( bandha ) mithyA hai / ( pratijJA ) (2) kyoMki AdhArabhUta ( AtmA ) ke tattvajJAna se isakI nivRtti hotI hai| ( hetu) ( 3 ) jaise sopI aura cAMdI kI bhrAnti hotI hai / ( udAharaNa ) na ca 'vimataM satyaM bhAsamAnatvAt' iti pratiprayoge samAnabalatayA bAdhapratirodhaH pratirodhabhiyA'nyataradoSatvasambhavAditi vaditavyam / marumarIcikodakAdau savyabhicArAt / abAdhitatvena vizeSaNAnna doSa iti cet-maivaM bhaassisstthaaH| vishessnnaasiddhH| ___aisA na samajheM ki prastuta viSaya ( prapaMca ) satya hai kyoMki pratIta hotA hai-isa taraha ke virodhI anumAna (Counter-argument ) meM samAna bala hone ke kAraNa bAdha ( saMsAra ko mithyA mAnakara Atmatattva ke dvArA usakI nivRtti mAnanA ) ke siddhAnta kA khaNDana ho jAyagA / kyoMki pratirodha ( Oppsition ) ke bhaya se [ bacane ke lie ] kisI eka meM doSa kI sambhAvanA dikhAnI hogii| [ pUrvapakSI kahatA hai ki hamane eka virodhI anumAna diyA jisameM prapaJca kA sAdhya hai satyatA aura dUsarI ora ApakA sAdhya hai mithyAtva / donoM ke sAdhya virodhI haiM, donoM do hetu bhI de rahe haiM / mAna liyA ki eka hetu sat hai, dUsarA asat / kintu jaba taka Apa kisI eka hetu meM doSa dikhAkara dUsare ko prabala siddha nahIM karate taba taka koI bhI hetu apane sAdhya ko siddha nahIM kara skegaa| batalAiye, hamAre hetu meM kyA doSa hai ? suniye-] marubhUmi meM marIci ( sUrya kiraNoM se ) utpanna ( Mirage ) jala Adi meM vyabhicAra hogA [ arthAt mRgamarIcikA meM jala to pratIta hotA hai para vaha satya nahIM hai / ataH 'pratIta hone ke kAraNa' koI vastu satya ho, aisI bAta nahIM / vaha hetu vyabhicarita hotA hai| ] [ pUrvapakSI phira kahatA hai-] hama ukta hetu meM 'abAdhita hone para' aisA vizeSaNa lagA dete haiM ( arthAt-'kyoMki abAdhita hone para pratIti hotI hai'-pUrA hetu ) to doSa nahIM hogA [ kyoMki mRgamarIcikA pratIta to hotI hai, para isakI nivRtti bhI to hotI hai ? dUsarI ora prapaJca kI pratIti isa taraha kI hotI hai ki usakI nivRtti (bAdha ) na ho ske| ] kintu aisA mata kahie / Apake diye gaye vizeSaNa kI hI siddhi nahIM ho skegii| [prapaJca bhAsita hotA hai aura bAdhita nahIM hotA ho, aisI bAta nhiiN| aba kaise bAdhita hotA hai, ise dikhAte haiM ! ]

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe tatredaM bhavAnpRSTo vyAcaSTAm / katipayapuruSakatipayakAlA bAdhitatvaM hetuvizeSaNaM kriyate sarvathA bAlavaidhuryam vA ? na prathamaH / 53. yatnenAnumito'pyarthaH kuzalaM ranumAtRbhiH / abhiyukta taraMranyai ranyathaivopapAdyate // ( vAkyapadIya0 134 ) iti nyAyena tricaturapratipattRpratipAditasyApi pratipattrantareNa prakArAntaramurarIkRtya pratipAdanAt / 750 hetu ( bhAsa artha hai ? kucha prakAra se bAdha ukta isa viSaya meM hama Apase jo pUchate haiM, usakA uttara dIjiye / mAnatva ) kA vizeSaNa ( abAdhita ) jo Apane diyA hai, usakA kyA vyaktiyoM ke lie yA kucha nizcita samaya meM bAdha na honA ? yA saba rahita honA ? anumAna prayatna kuzala haiM evaM pahalA vikala to nahIM hogA kyoMki yaha niyama hai - 'jisa vastu kA pUrvaka bhI kiyA gayA ho kintu dUsare logoM ke dvArA, jo anumAna karane meM adhika yogya prativAdI ( abhiyukta = Discutient ) haiM, vaha vastu dUsare hI rUpa meM siddha kI jAtI hai / ' ( vAkyapadIya, 1134 ) - isa niyama se jisa vastu kA pratipAdana tInacAra ( katipaya ) pratipAdakoM ne bhale hI kiyA ho kintu dUsare pratipAdakoM ke dvArA dUsare prakAra se usakI siddhi ho sakatI hai / [ tAtparya yaha huA ki kucha samaya meM aura kucha vyaktiyoM ke lie abAdhita na hone se kAma nahIM banatA / dUsare samaya meM aura kucha vyaktiyoM ke lie to usakA bAdha sambhava / jJAniyoM kI dRSTi se AtmA para adhyasta prapaJca kA bAdha ho sakatA hai / ise Agama pramANa se hI jAnate haiM / ] nApi caramaH / sarvathA bAdhavaidhuryasyAsarvajJadurjJeyatvAt / yadyevaM hanta, tahi jJAnAtmano'pi satyatvaM nAvagamyata iti cet -- maivaM maMsthAH / ' tatsatyaM sa AtmA' ( chA0 6 / 8 / 7 ) ityAgamasaMvAdagateH / na ca prapaJce'pyayaM nyAya iti mantavyam / tAdRzasyAgamasyAnupalambhAt / pratyutAdvitIyatvaM zrAvayantyAH zruteH prapaJca mithyAtva eva pakSapAtAt / dUsarA vikalpa bhI ThIka nahIM, kyoMki hama loga sarvajJa nahIM haiM isalie kisI kA saba taraha se bAdharahita honA hamaloga jAna nahIM sakate / [ aba pUrvapakSI apanA khaNDana dekhakara ghabarA jAte haiM aura vedAntiyoM se pUchate haiM ki ] yadi aisI bAta hai taba to jJAnasvarUpa AtmA kI satyatA bhI nahIM hI jAnI jA sakatI hai ? [ jJAnasvarUpa AtmA kisI bhI avasthA meM bAdhita nahIM hogI, isakA patA hama asarvajJoM ko kaise ho sakatA hai ? ] hama kaheMge ki aisA mata samajho / Agama ke saMvAda ( samanvaya ) se usakI prAmANikatA mAlUma hotI hai - 'vaha satya hai, vaha AtmA hai' ( chA0 6 |8|7 ) |

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zAMkara-darzanam 751 [ hamAre pramANa ko dekhakara sambhavataH Apa kaha uTheMge ki ] prapaJca ( saMsAra ) ko satyatA ke lie bhI yahI nyAya ( Analogy ) kyoM na lagAyA jAya? para aisA samajhanA bhUla hai| usakI satyatA ke lie koI Agama (zruti-vAkya ) hai hI nahIM / ulaTe, jisa samaya zruti advitIya tattva ( jaise--sadeva saumyedamagra AsIt, ekamevAdvitIyam-chAM0 6 / 2 / 1 ) kA pratipAdana karatI hai to prapaJca ko mithyA siddha karane kI ora hI usakA pakSapAta rahatA hai| vizeSa-prapaJca kA mithyA honA yA AtmA kI satyatA ke lie anumAnAdi laukika pramANa sahAyaka bhale hoM, nirNAyaka nahIM ho sakate / nirNaya karane kA kAma zruti se hI sambhava hai / zrutiyA~ sarvajJa Izvara ke niHzvAsa ke rUpa meM haiN| unakI prAmANikatA hameM mAnanI hI hogii| nanu kalpanAmAtrazarIrasya pakSa-sapakSa-vipakSAdeH sarvasulabhatvena jayaparAjayavyavasthayA kathaM kathA pratheta ? kAtra kathantA ? 'evaM tricaturajJAnajanmano nAdhikA mtiH|' ( zlo0 vA0 112 sUtre ) iti nyAyena tricaturakakSyAvizrAntasya tattadAbhAsalakSaNAnAliGgitasya dUSaNabhUSaNAdestatra kathAGgatvAGgIkArAt / aba zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki pakSa, vipakSa, sapakSa Adi karanA saboM ke lie sambhava ho gayA, kyoMki kevala kalpanA ke sahAre to yaha saba karanA hai, to jaya yA parAjaya kI vyavasthA (nirNaya ) karane ke lie kathA ( Discussion ) kI kyA AvazyakatA raha gayI ? [ kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki vAkyapadIya kI uparyukta kArikA se to tarka ko apratiSThA ho jAtI hai-vAdI aura prativAdI donoM hI apanI-apanI icchA se apane abhISTa kI siddhi ke lie anumAna deMge / to na kisI kI parAjaya hogI aura na vijaya ! taba tattva kA nirNaya kaise hogA ki tathya kyA hai ? ] [ uttara dete haiM- ] isameM 'kaise' kI sthiti hI nahIM aavegii| [ kumArila kA kahanA hai ki ] isa rUpa meM ( tattva kA nirNaya karane ke samaya ) buddhi tIna-cAra jJAnoM ko janma dene ke bAda Age nahIM bar3ha sakatI / isa niyama se jo bAdhaka (dUSaNa) yA sAdhaka ( bhUSaNa ) jJAna hogA vaha tIna-cAra koTiyoM meM hI vizrAnta ( samApta ) ho jAyagA tathA vaha AbhAsa ( hetvAbhAsAdi ) ke lakSaNoM se pRthak rahegA / aise jJAna ko hama kathA kA aMga svIkAra kara leNge| [ tattva kA nirNaya karanevAlA jJAna tIna-cAra koTiyoM taka calatA hai, usake bAda nahIM / aisA jJAna hI kathA hai / jo alpa aura vitaNDA ke rUpa meM jJAna hotA hai, AbhAsayukta hai use to tarka se kucha lenA-denA hai hI nahIM, ataH vizrAnta hotA hI nhiiN| use hama kathAGga nahIM kaha sakate / ]

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752 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ata evoktaM khaNDanakAreNa - vyAvahArikoM pramANasattAmAdAya vicArArambha:' ( kha0 kha0 khA0, pR0 44 ) iti / na ca bhedagrAhibhiH pramANai radvaitazruterjaghanyateti zaGkhadham / brahmaNi pAramArthika satyatvena tadAvedikAyAstatvAvedanalakSaNaprAmANyAyAH zrutervyAvahArikapramANabhAvAnAM pratyakSAdInAM ca vibhinnaviSayatayA parasparaM bAdhyabAdhakabhAvAsambhavAt / isalie to khaNDanakhaNDakhAdya ke racayitA [ zrIharSa ] ne kahA hai- 'vicAra ( brahmaviSayaka, pramANaviSayaka Adi ) kA Arambha vyAvahArika pramANa sattA ko AdhAra mAnakara hotA hai / ' ( pR0 44 ) / karAnevAle pramANoM ke = aisA nahIM socanA cAhie ki bheda ( Difference ) kA bodha dvArA advaita kI pratipAdaka zrutiyoM kI gauNatA ( jaghanyatA ) siddha ho jaaygii| ] bheda: jIva aura Izvara meM, jIvoM meM paraspara bheda yA jar3a padArtha kA bheda / inakA anubhava vyavahAra-dazA meM hotA hai / to zrIharSa kI ukti ke anusAra, inheM prAmANika mAnakara kahIM advaita-zruti ( ekamevAdvitIyam ) kahIM gauNa na ho jAya / ] bAta aisI hai ki brahma meM pAramArthika satyatA hone se, usakA Avedana ( Exposition) karanevAlI zruti, jisakA lakSaNa aura prAmANya Avedana karanA hI hai, usake kAraNa [ ukta brahma kI pAramArthika sattA meM aura ] vyAvahArika sattA ( pramANa-bhAva ) yA pratyakSAdi meM, paraspara bAdhya - bAdhaka kA sambandha nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki [ una donoM sattAoM ke ] viSaya bhinna bhinna haiM / [ pAramArthika sattA brahma ke lie hai aura vyAvahArika sattA pratyakSAdi ke lie| donoM apaneapane kSetra meM satya haiM / jaise vyAvahArika sIpI kI satyatA aura prAtibhAsika rajata kI satyatA meM koI antara nahIM, usI prakAra zrutyukta brahma ke advaita kI pAramArthika satyatA meM aura dveta-pratIti kI vyAvahArika satyatA meM koI virodha nahIM / ] tadapyuktaM tenaiva 54. tadadvaitazrutestAvad bAdhaH pratyakSataH kSataH / nAnumAnAdi taM kartuM tavApi kSamate mate // ( kha0 120 ) 55. dhodhanA bAdhanAyAsyAstadA prajJAM prayacchatha / kSeptuM cintAmaNa pANilabdhamabdhau yadIcchatha // ( kha. 1 / 24 ) iti / tasmAttattvajJAnena nivartanAyAsya bandhasyAjJAnakalpitatvabhaGgI kartavyam / yata uktaM-yato jJAnamajJAnasya nivartakamiti / -- yaha bAta bhI usI ( zrIharSa, khaNDanakAra ) ne kahI hai - ' isalie advaita - pratipAdaka zruti ke pratyakSa pramANa se bAMdha ( Opposition ) hone kI bAta samApta ho gayI / anumAna

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zAMkara-darzanam Adi pramANa to use ( zrutidha ) karane tumhAre ( mImAMsakoM ke ) mata meM bhI asamartha hI haiM / [ zruti kI apekSA liMga ( anumAna ) durbala hotA hai - 30 pR0 514 / ] // 54 // he buddhimAna puruSo ! [ advaita pratipAdaka ] sa zruti meM bAdha ke lie apanI buddhi tuma usI samaya kharca kara sakate ho jaba hAtha meM AyI huI cintAmaNi ko tuma samudra meM pheMkane kI icchA karo | abhiprAya yaha hai ki advaita-jaisA sundara siddhAnta hAtha meM hai aura use kATane ke lie nAnA prakAra ke prayAsa kara rahe ho, yaha ThIka nahIM / ] // 55 // 75.3 isalie tattvajJAna ke dvArA isakI nivRtti karane ke lie bandha ko ajJAnakalita hI mAnanA cAhie | kyoMki kahA bhI hai-- cUMki jJAna hI ajJAna kA nivartaka hai / vizeSa - naiSadhIyacarita ke prasiddha racayitA mahAkavi zrIharSa ke khaNDanakhaNDasAdya se liye gaye ina zlokoM meM anuprAsa kI chaTA dekhane hI yogya hai / saba kucha hone para bhI ve mUlataH kavi the / dekheM - 'kSataH kSataH', 'mate mate ' ( pAdAnta yamaka ) / 'dhIdhanA bAdhanA', 'maNi pANi', 'labdhamantrI' / eka to anu chanda, dUsare darzana kA grantha - usameM itane camatkArI zabdoM kI yojanA ! ( 24. prapaJca kI satyatA kA khaNDana - satya kI nivRtti nahIM ) yadukta - 'satyasyApi duritasya setudarzanena nivRttirupalabhyata iti' - tadayuktam / vihitakriyAnuSThAnena janitasya dharmasyAdharmanivartakatvadhauvyAt / 'dharmeNa pApamapanudanti' (ma0 nA0 2211 ) iti zruteH / pramANavastuparatantrazAlinyA darzanakriyAyAzvoditapuruSa prayatnatantratvAbhAvena vidhAnAsambhavAt / pUrvapakSiyoM ne jo kahA hai ki sacamuca ke ( Real ) pApa kA nAza setu ( rAmezvarapula ) ke dekhane se ho jAtA hai, vaha saMgata nahIM hai / vihita kriyAoM ke anuSThAna se utpanna honevAlA dharma, adharma kI nivRtti karatA hai - yaha bilkula nizcita ( dhruva ) hai | isakI puSTi ke lie zruti pramANa bhI hai - 'dharma se pApa kA nAza karate haiM' ( mahAnArAyaNa0 22 // 1 ) [ isase yaha niSkarSa nikalA ki pApa kA nAzaka dharma hai, jJAna nahIM / aba dikhAte haiM ki darzana-kriyA vihita hai yA nahIM ? adhIna rahatI hai, prerita puruSa ke prayatnoM ke adhIna vaha nahIM rahatI; ] darzana-kriyA pramANa aura viSaya ke isalie usakA vidhAna kiyA jAnA asambhava hai / - vizeSa - yajJAdi karma mukhyataH manuSyoM ke prayatnoM para nirbhara karate haiM, isIlie unakA vidhAna karanA sambhava hai| jJAna pramANoM aura viSayoM para nirbhara karatA hai, ataH use vihita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / isIlie ukta zlokArdha ( setuM dRSTvA pramucyeta 0 ) setu-darzana kI vidhi nahIM hai pratyuta usameM setusnAna kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai - usake likhane kA yahI abhiprAya hai /

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754 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe brahmahatyAM pramucyeta tasminsnAtvA mahodadhau / ityAdismRtivihitabrahmacaryAGgasahita dUrataradezagamanasAdhyabrahmahanananivRttiphalaka- setusnAnaprazaMsArthatvAt / yasya hi darzanamAtreNaiva duritopazamaH kimuta snAnena ? anyathA dUragamanAnarthakyaM prasajet / tatra kharAdInAmapyanarthanivRtti rApatet / andhasya na syAcca / - 'usa sthAna para samudra meM snAna karane se vyakti brahmahatyA se chUTa jAtA hai - isa prakAra smRtiyoM meM vihita, brahmacaryarUpI aMga ke sAtha adhika dUrastha deza meM jAne se sampanna honevAle setu snAna kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai jisa ( setu snAna ) se brahmahatyA kI nivRtti ke rUpa meM phala milatA hai / jise kevala dekhane se hI pApoM kA zamana hotA hai, snAna kI to bAta hI kyA ? yadi aisA nahIM hotA to dUra jAne kA parizrama vyartha ho jAtA / dUsare [ setu ke pAsa rahanevAle ] gadhe Adi jAnavaroM ke anarthoM kI bhI nivRtti ho jAtI / [ ve to AsAnI se setu dekha sakate haiM, snAna bhI kara sakate haiM / phala to use hI milatA hai jo dUra se zraddhApUrvaka kaSTa sahate hue tIrthayAtrA karake vahA~ pahu~catA hai / ] anta meM yaha bhI Apatti hogI ki andhoM ko to uka phala nahIM milegA [ kyoMki unheM A~kha hI nahIM ki darzana kara sakeM / ] nanu - 56. agnicitkapilA rAjA satI bhikSurmahodadhiH dRSTamAtrA: punantyete tasmAtpazyeta nityazaH // iti kvaciddarzanakriyAyA api vidhAnaM darIdRzyata iti cet -- maivaM vocaH / tatrApyanayaivAnupapattyA agnicidAdyarghaparicaryAdAveva tAtparyAvadhAraNAt / zaMkA -- nimnalikhita vAkya meM to darzana-kriyA kA bhI vidhAna dekhate haiM - ' agni kA cayana karanevAlA yajamAna, kapilA gau, rAjA, satI strI, bhikSuka ( paramahaMsa ) aura mahAsAgara, ye dikhalAI par3ate hI pavitra kara dete haiM / ataH inheM pratidina dekhanA cAhie / / 56 / / ' [ isakA abhiprAya hai ki kahIM-kahIM darzana kriyA kA bhI vidhAna hotA hai / ] samAdhAna - - aisA mana kaho / vahA~ para bhI isI kI asiddhi dikhAkara agnicetA ( yajamAna ) Adi yogya padArthoM kI paricaryA karane kA hI tAtparya nirUpita kiyA jAnA hai / yaccoktaM viSayadoSadarzanAt rAgo dandahyata iti / tatra viSayadoSadarzanena virodhabhUtAnabhiratisaMjJaka vairAgyaikaprAdurbhAvAdrAganivRttau tadadarzanamAtramiti na vyabhicAraH /

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zAMkara-darzanam 755 yadapi tArkSyadhyAnAdinA viSAdi satyaM vinazyatIti / tanna zliSyate / tatrApi mantraprayogAdikriyAyA eva viSAdyapanodakatvAt / dhyAnasya pramAtvAbhAvAcca / Upara pUrvapakSI ne jo yaha kahA thA ki viSayoM meM doSa dekha lene para rAga naSTa ho jAte haiM, vahA~ tAtparya yaha hai ki viSayoM meM doSa dekha lene se unake ( viSayoM ke ) virodhI eka aise vairAgya kI utpatti hotI hai jisakA nAma anabhirati ( Detachment ) hai / usake bAda rAga kI nivRtti ho jAtI hai / ataH vyabhicAra kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA, kyoMki vAstava meM rAga kevala dRSTigocara nahIM hotA hai, [ aura koI bAta nahIM hai / ] una logoM ne phira kahA hai ki tA ( garur3a ) ke dhyAna Adi se sacamuca kA viSa utara jAtA hai / yaha bAta ThIka nahIM jaMcatI / yahA~ bhI mantra- prayoga Adi kriyAeM hI viSa kA haraNa karatI haiM / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki dhyAna yathArtha anubhava kA rUpa le nahIM sakatA / [ pUrvapakSiyoM kA kahanA hai ki jJAna vizeSa jo yathArtha anubhava ke rUpa meM hai vahI satya vastu kA vinAzaka hai / aba usameM garur3a ke dhyAna se viSanAza kA udAharaNa denA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai / dhyAna kA artha hai avicchinna smRti kA pravAha / usameM anubhava to hai nahIM yathArtha anubhava to dUra kI bAta hai / ] yadavAdi -- aupAdhikasya jIvabhAvasyopAdhinivRttyAnivRttau brahmabhAvopapatterna tadarthamarthavaitathyakathanamiti / tadapi kAzakuzAvalambanakalpam / vikalpAsahatvAt / kimupAdheH satyatvamabhipretya mithyAtvaM vA ? na prathamaH / pramANAbhAvAt / nAparaH / iSTApatteH / tasmAdAvidyako bheda iti zrutAvadvitIyatvopapattaye'bhidhIyate, na tu vyasanitayA / pUrvapakSI ne yaha bhI kahA thA ki jIvatva upAdhiyukta hai, jaba upAdhiyoM kI nivRtti ho jAtI hai to usa nivRtti ke bAda brahmatva kI siddhi ho hI jAyagI / usake lie (brahmatvasiddhi ke lie ) arthoM ( jJAtRtvAdi prapaJca, Objects ) ko mithyA banAne kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? 1 yaha zaMkA bhI [ DUbate hue vyakti kI ] kAza yA kuza ghAsa ke sahAre pAra ho jAne kI AzA mAtra hI hai / kAraNa yaha hai ki nimnalikhita vikalpoM ko yaha saha nahIM sakatA / kyA upAdhiyoM ko satya mAnate hue Apa yukti de rahe haiM yA mithyA mAnate hue ? upAdhiyoM ko satya mAnakara yukti nahIM de sakate, kyoMki isake lie koI pramANa ho nahIM hai / unheM mithyA mAnakara bhI nahIM cala sakate, kyoMki usameM to hamAre pakSa kI puSTi hogI / isalie hamaloga jo bheda ko avidyA-kalita mAna rahe haiM vaha isalie ki zruti ( sadeva .......ekamevAdvitIyam, chAM0 6 / 211 ) meM pratipAdita advaita tattva kI siddhi ho / yaha na samajhiye ki hamalogoM ko [ advaitavAda kA ] vyasana ( dhuna, Prejudice ) lagA huA hai /

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756 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe ( 25. AtmajJAna se avidyA-nAza-rAjaputra kA dRSTAnta ) yadi vastutaH sarvopadravarahitamAtmatattvaM tahi kathaMkAraM dehAdirUpaM kArAgAraM kAraMkAraM punaH punastatra pravizati / tadatiphalgu / avidyAyA anAditvena dattottaratvAt / ato nivRttyupAya evAnveSaNIyaH prekSAvatA / na tu vismayaH krtvyH| tatazca tattvamasyAdividyayA tadavidyAnivRttau niratizayAnandAtmalAbharUpaparamapuruSArthaH setsyati / tathA cApastambasmRtiHAtmalAbhAnna paraM vidyata iti / zaMkA-yadi Atma-tattva vAstava meM sabhI upadravoM se rahita hai to vaha kisalie zarIrAdi ke rUpa meM kArAgAra ko utpatti bAra-bAra karake usameM praveza karatA rahatA hai ? uttara-yaha pUchanA bilkula vyartha hai / jisa samaya hamane avidyA ko anAdi mAna liyA usI kSaNa isakA uttara de diyA gayA / aba Apako [ zaGkAoM ke phere meM na par3akara ] usa avidyA ko nivRtti kA mArga khojanA cAhie, Apa buddhimAna haiM na ? vismaya ( vyartha kI zaMkA, Azcarya ) nahIM karanA cAhie / to 'tattvamasi' ( chAM0 u0 61817 ) Adi ke jJAna ( vidyA ) se yukta avidyA kI nivRtti ho jAne para niratizaya ( Most exalted ) Ananda ( Bliss ) se yukta AtmasAkSAtkAra ( Self-realisation ) ke rUpa meM parama puruSArtha ( Summum bonum ) kI siddhi ho jaaygii| ise Apastamba-smRti meM kahA gayA hai-Atma-lAbha ( sAkSAtkAra, AtmA aura brahma kI ekatA ) se bar3hakara koI vastu nhiiN| nanvasau nitylbdhH| na hi svayameva svasyAlabdho bhavati / satyam / kiM tvanAdimAyAsambandhAtkSIrodakavatsamudAcAravRttitAM na labhate / tathA ca yathA zabarAdibhirbAlyAtsvasutaiH saha vadhito rAjaputrastajjAtIyamAtmAnamavagacchanbandhubhirya evaMbhUto rAjA sa tvamasIti bodhite svarUpe labdhasvarUpa iva bhavati tathA vezyAsthAnIyayA'nAdyavidyayA svabhAvAntaraM nIta AtmA mAtRsthAnIyayA tattvamasItyAdikayA zrutyA svabhAvaM nIyate / zaMkA -vaha AtmA to nityarUpa se ( Eternally ) labdha hI hai / [ Apa 'AtmalAbha hone para' kyoM kahate haiM ? ] koI coja apane-Apa apane hI lie alabhya nahIM hotI (= AtmA ke lie hI AtmA kyA durlabha hai ? vaha to AtmA hI hai| ) samAdhAna-saca kahate ho lekina vaha ( AtmA ) anAdi mAyA ke sambandha se dUdha aura pAnI ke samAna isa taraha ghulI-milI hai ki donoM kI spaSTa vRttiyoM ( rUpoM) kI pratIti hotI hI nahIM / buddhi-Adi mAyA ke kArya haiM kintu AtmA unheM apanA samajhatI hai, unase pRthak hokara 1. tulanIya-bauddha-darzana, pR0 77 /

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zAMkara-darzanam 757 apane svarUpa ko pratIti nahIM karatI / udhara mAyA ko pratIti bhI mAyA ke rUpa meM nahIM hotii|] __ usI prakAra, jaise zabara-Adi [ jaMgalI jAtiyoM ] ne jisa rAjakumAra ko apane baccoM ke sAtha bacapana se hI pAlA-posA hai, vaha rAjakumAra apane ko bhI usI jAti kA samajhane lagatA hai / kintu jaba usake sAtha use bodha karAte haiM ki jo isa taraha ke [ lakSaNa ] rAjA meM haiM vaha tuma hI ho ( = rAjA ke lakSaNoM se yukta tuma rAjakumAra ho), to apane rUpa ( Status ) kA bodha ho jAne se vaha vastusthiti samajha jAtA hai ( apane rUpa ko pA letA hai)| usI taraha vezyA-svarUpa anAdi avidyA ke dvArA jo AtmA dasare svabhAva meM le jAI gaI hai vaha ( AtmA ) mAtA ke tulya 'tattvamasi' Adi zruti ke dvArA phira se apane svabhAva meM pahuMcA dI jAtI hai| etadAhustravidyavRddhAH57. nI cAnAM vasatau tadIyatanayaH sArdhaM ciraM vadhita stajjAtIyamavaiti rAjatanayaH svAtmAnamapyaJjasA / saMvAde mahAdAdibhiH saha vasa~stadbhavetpUruSaH svAtmAnaM sukhaduHkhajAlakalitaM mithyaiva dhimanyate // ime tInoM vedoM ke jJAna meM pAraMgata logoM ne kahA hai-nocoM ke nivAsa-sthAna meM, unhIM ke putroM ke sAtha bahuta dinoM taka pAlA-posA gayA rAjakumAra ( Prince ) apane ko bhI bahuta zIghratA se unhIM kI jAtivAlA vyakti samajhatA hai / uso taraha logoM kI bola-cAla meM ( in common parlance ) mahat-Adi tattvoM ke sAtha rahanevAlA puruSa ( jIvAtmA ) apane ko sukha-duHkha ke samUha se ghirA huA mAnatA hai, aisA kahate haiM / dhikkAra ! vaha to mithyA hai / / 57 // [ isameM avidyA kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / ] 58. dAtA bhogakaraH samagravibhavo yaH zAsitA duSkRtAM / rAjA sa tvamasIti rakSitRmukhAccha tvA yathAvatsa.tu / rAjIbhUya jayArthameva yatate tadvatpumAnbodhitaH zrutyA tattvamasItyapAsya duritaM brahmaiva sampadyate / AtmasAkSAtkAra-'jo rAjA dAnI, bhoga karanevAlA, sabhI sampattiyoM se yukta tathA duSkarma karanevAloM ko daNDa denevAlA hotA hai vaha tuma hI ho' isa prakAra apane rakSaka ke mukha se yathArtha bAteM sunakara vaha ( rAjakumAra ) rAjA banakara vijaya ke lie prayatna karatA hai; ThIka isI taraha vaha puruSa ( jIvAtmA ) bhI 'tattvamasi' ( chAM0 u0 6 / 87 ) Adi zruti ke dvArA apane mithyAbhAva ( durita ) ko tyAga kara brahma hI bana jAtA hai / / 58 // etenaitatpratyuktaM yaduktaM paraiH-'ki dvayostAdAtmyamekasya vA ? nAdyaH /

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758 sarvadarzanasaMgraheadvaitabhaGgaprasaGgAt / na dvitiiyH| asambhavAt' iti / tatra / avidyAparikalpitabhedanivattiparatvena tattvamasyAditAdAtmyavAdaprAmANyopapatteH / tau ca paryanupayogaparihArAvagrAhiSAtAM manISibhiH / 59. na dvayorasti tAdAtmyaM ca caiksyaadvytvtH| aprAmANyaM zruteravaM nAropadhvaMsamAtrataH // iti / isI tarka ke dvArA isakA uttara bhI ho gayA, jo virodhiyoM ne aisI zaMkA kI hai'[ AtmA aura brahma kA tAdAtmya kahane se Apa kyA samajhate haiM ? ] do padArthoM kA tAdAtmya ( Identity ) yA eka hI padArtha kA ? do padArthoM kA tAdAtmya nahIM mAna sakate kyoMki [ 'do' kahane se- bhale hI vaha ekAkAra hI kyoM na ho jAya ] advaita-siddhAnta kA hI khaNDana ho jAyagA / dUsarI ora eka vastu kA tAdAtmya ho hI nahIM sktaa|' samAdhAna-aisI bAta nahIM hai| avidyA ke dvArA kalpita bheda kI nivRtti ho jAne kA siddhAnta mAnane se, 'tattvamasi' Adi ke dvArA tAdAtmya-zabda kI siddhi ho sakatI hai| vidvAnoM ne ukta paryanupayoga ( prazna, Query ) tathA parihAra ( Excuse ) donoM kA varNana kiyA hai-'advaya-tattva hone ke kAraNa na to do meM hI tAdAtmya ho sakatA aura na eka meM hI / kevala Aropa aura usake dhvaMsa se zruti ko aprAmANika nahIM kahA jA sakatA // 59 // ' (26. prathama sUtra kA upasaMhAra aura anubandha ) tatazca tattvamasIti tattvaMpadArthazravaNamananabhAvanAbalabhuvA sAkSAtkAreNAnAdyavidyAnivRttau saccidAnandakarasabrahmAvirbhAvaH sampatsyata iti brahmaNo jijJAsyatvaM prathamasUtroktaM yuktam / 60. ajJAtaM viSayo brahma jJAtaM tacca prayojanam / / mumukSuradhikArI syAtsambandhaH zaktitaH zruteH // iti / usake bAda, 'tattvamasi' vAkya meM tat ( brahma ) aura tvam ( jIvAtmA ) padoM se artha kA zravaNa, manana aura bhAvanA ( Meditation ) ke kAraNa supratiSThita sAkSAtkAra se, anAdi kAla se calI AnevAlI avidyA kI nivRtti ho jAtI hai / taba ekamAtra sat ( Truth ), cit ( Consciousness ) aura Ananda ( Bliss ) ke dvArA AsvAdita brahma kA AvirbhAva ( sAkSAtkAra ) sampanna ho jAyagA-isa prathama sUtra meM jo brahma ko jijJAsA kA viSaya mAnA gayA hai, vaha yuktiyukti hai| __ anabandha-'jijJAsA kA viSaya brahma ajJAta hai use jJAna karanA hai, yahI prayojana hai / mokSa kI icchA rakhanevAlA vyakti adhikArI hai aura zruti kI [ padArthabodhikA ] zakti se sambandha hai / / 60 // '

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zAMkara-darzanam 759 ( 26 ka. catussUtrI ke anya sUtra-svarUpa aura taTastha lakSaNa ) . 'janmAdyasya yataH' (bra0 sU0 111 / 2) iti dvitIyasUtre brahma svarUpalakSaNataTasthalakSaNAbhyAM nyruupi| tatra svarUpAntargatatve sati vyAvartakaM svarUpalakSaNaM 'satyaM jJAnamanantaM brahma' ( te0 2 / 1 / 1) ityAdivedAntaH pratipAditam / tasya satyajJAnAdyAtmakasvarUpAntargatatve sati vyAvartakatvAt / taTasthalakSaNaM 'yato vA imaani'| (ta0 2 / 1) ityAdIni vAkyAni nirUpayanti jagajjanmAdikAraNatvena / taduktaM vivaraNe61. jagajjanmasthitidhvaMsA yataH sidhyanti kAraNAt / tatsvarUpataTasthAbhyAM lakSaNAbhyAM pradarzyate // iti / 'jisase isa ( saMsAra ) ke janmAdi hote haiM' (bra0 sU0 1 / 1 / 2 ) isa dUsare sUtra meM svarUpa-lakSaNa aura taTastha-lakSaNa ke dvArA brahma kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / __ svarUpa ke antargata rahakara jo [ lakSaNa kisI vastu ko dUsarI vastuoM se ] alaga karatA hai vaha svarUpalakSaNa ( Actual Definition ) hai jisakA pratipAdana nimnalikhita upaniSad-vAkyoM meM huA hai- 'brahma satya, jJAna aura ananta hai' ( te0 2 / 1 / 1 ) / yaha lakSaNa brahma ko satya, jJAna Adi ke rUpa meM svarUpa ke andara hI rakhatA hai tathA dUsaroM se pRthak karatA hai / taTastha-lakSaNa ( External Definition ) kA nirUpaNa 'yato vA imAni' ( jisase ye sAre padArtha utpanna hue ) Adi vAkya karate haiM ki yaha brahma saMsAra kA kAraNa hai / ise vivaraNa meM [ dvitIya sUtra ke Arambha meM hI ] kahA gayA hai-'jisa kAraNasvarUpa brahma se jagat kA janma, sthiti aura dhvaMsa, ye siddha hote haiM usakA pradarzana svarUpa-lakSaNa aura taTastha-lakSaNa ke dvArA kiyA jAtA hai|' vizeSa-svarUpalakSaNa se vastu ke svarUpa kA patA lagatA hai jaba ki taTasthalakSaNa lakSya vastu se bAhara rahatA hai| donoM lakSaNa vyAvRtti karate haiM, padArtha ke vyavahAra ke pravartaka hote haiM / candramA meM prakAza honA svarUpalakSaNa hai, use usase pRthak nahIM kara sakate / rAma kA tilaka kA lagAnA, mukuTa pahananA Adi taTasthalakSaNa hai kyoMki yadyapi yaha dRzya kabhI-kabhI hI hotA hai, kintu isake dvArA rAma ko dUsare vyaktiyoM se pRthak to kiyA jA sakatA hai ? nATaka meM jo naTa bhIma kI bhUmikA ( Role ) meM utaratA hai to bhIma bananA usakA taTasthalakSaNa hai, kyoMki yadyapi isake dvArA use dUsare pAtroM se pRthaka kiyA jAtA hai paranu yaha usakA svarUpa to hai nhiiN| naTa ke rUpa meM use pahacAnanA svarUpalakSaNa hai / brahma meM ina lakSaNoM ke nirUpaNa meM yaha dhyAna rakhanA hai ki kisa prakAra ke brahma kA lakSaNa kara rahe haiM / zuddha brahma svarUpalakSaNa hai-satya, jJAna aura Ananda / jagat ke janmAdi kA kAraNa honA zuddha brahma kA taTasthalakSaNa hai kyoMki brahma mAyA se viziSTa hone para hI yaha kAma karatA hai| mAyAviziSTa brahma ke lie yaha taTasthalakSaNa nahIM, svarUpalakSaNa ho jAtA hai|

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe 'zAstrayonitvAt' ( bra0 sU0 1 / 13 ) iti tRtIyasUtre prathamavarNakena SaSThIsamAsamAzritya sarvajJatvaM pratyapAdi / dvitIyavarNakena bahuvrIhisamAsamabhyupagamya brahmaNo vedAntapramANatvaM pratyajJAyi / 760 ] = zAstra kA mUla, 'zAstra kA mUla yA zAstramUlaka hone ke kAraNa [ brahma sarvajJa hai meM pahalI rIti se to [ zaMkarAcArya ne ] SaSThI tatpuruSa samAsa lekara ( vedoM kA utpAdaka ) brahma ke sarvajJa hone kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / dUsarI rIti se bahuvrIhi samAsa lekara ( = zAstra yA veda hI jisakA pramANa yA yoni haiM ) brahma ko upaniSad ke pramANoM se hI jJeya mAnA hai | 1 'tattu samanvayAt' ( bra0 sU0 1 / 1 / 4 ) iti caturthe sUtre prathamavarNakena vedAntAnAM brahmaNi tAtparyaM pratyapAdi / dvitIyavarNakena vedAntAnAM pratipattividhizeSatayA brahmapratipAdakatvaM pratyakSe'pi / diGmAtramatra pradarzitam / ziSTaM zAstra eva spaSTamiti sakalaM samaJjasam / iti zrImatsAyaNa mAdhavIye sarvadarzanasaMgrahe sakaladarzana ziro'laGkAraratnaM zrImacchAGkaradarzanaM samAptam // - isa tRtIya sUtra - 'usa ( zAstra ) kA to tAtparya samanyava ( Reconciliation ) se lagatA hai' - isa cauthe sUtra meM prathama roti se anikA tAla brahma meM hai, yaha pratipAdita huA hai / dUsarI rIti se yaha dikhAyA gayA hai ki aniSad-vAkya jJAna-vidhi ke avaziSTa bhAga ke rUpa meM ( = upAsanA Adi vidhiyoM ke viSaya ke rUpa meM nahIM, mukhya rUpa se ) pratyakSa meM bhI brahma kA pratipAdana karate haiN| yahAM to hamane kevala dizA-nirdeza kiyA hai / avaziSTa bhAga zAstra meM hI spaSTa ho cukA hai, to saba kucha ThIka hai / isa prakAra zrImAn sAyaNa-mAdhava ke sarvadarzanasaMgraha meM sabhI darzanoM ke sira para virAjamAna alaMkAra - ratna zrIzAMkara-darzana samApta huA / yaha sarvadarzanasaMgraha bhI samApta ho gayA / // iti bAlakavinomAzaGkareNa racitAyAM sarvadarzanasaMgrahasya prakAzAkhyAyAM vyAkhyAyAM zAMkaradarzanamavasitam // candrakarAbhrapakSasumite zrIvaMkrame vatsare vaizAkhe dhavale dale nizi mayASTamyAM dine maGgale / kAzyAM darzanasaMgrahasya vihitA vyAkhyA samApti zritA prItyaM sAstu zivasya divyavapuSo dInAtmanInA kRtiH // // zrIrastu // samApto'yaM sarvadarzanasaMgrahaH / ramye

Page #798
samaya 150 1600 " 1550 pariziSTa 1 pramukha darzana-granthoM kI sUcI grantha racayitA viSaya akANDatANDava (paribhASenduzekhara kI vRtti) harinAtha dvivedI vyAkaraNa 1780 I0 akutobhayA ( mAdhyamikakArikA kI vRtti) nAgArjuna bauddha-darzana ajaDapramAtRsiddhi utpalAcArya pratyabhijJA 910 advaitacandrikA ( bhedadhikAra kI TIkA nRsiMha dIkSita advaitavedAnta advaitacintAmaNi raGgojIbhaTTa 1625 advaitadIpikA nRsiMhAzrama advaitadIpikAvivaraNa nArAyaNAzrama 1560 sadAnanda advaitanirNayasaMgraha rAmacandra 1565 advainaprakAza advaitabrahmasiddhi sadAnanda 1560 advaitamakaranda lakSmIdhara 1320 advaitamakaranda kI TIkA pUrNAnandatIrtha advaitaratna lakSmaNArAdhya viziSTAdvaitavedAnta advaitaratnadIpikA( advaitaratna kI TIkA ) agnihotrabhaTTa advaitaratnarakSaNa madhusUdanasarasvatI advaitavedAnta 1560 advaitarahasya rAmacandra 1565 advetasiddhi madhusUdanasarasvatI 1560 advaitasiddhiTIkA viTThaleza upAdhyAya 1800 advaitasiddhisiddhAntasAra ( advaitasiddhitAtparya) sadAnanda vyAsa advaitAnubhUti govindapAda advaitAmRtavarSiNI sadAzivAnandasarasvatI / advaitAmoda vAsudevazAstrI abhyaMkara ,

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762 grantha adhyAtmakalpadruma adhyAtmavacana anubhavadIpikA ( aparokSAnubhava kI TIkA ) anubhUtiprakAza anvayArthaprakAzikA ( saMkSepa zArIraka kI TokA aparokSAnubhava aparokSAnubhava kI TIkA aparokSAnubhUti abhidhammapiTaka abhidharmakoza kI TIkA 17 abhidharmakozavyAkhyA adhidharmamahAvibhASAzAstra ( jJAnaprasthAna kI TIkA ) abhinavacandrikA ( tattvaprakA zikA kI TIkA ) abhinavatarkatANDava abhinavAmRta ( pramANapaddhati kI TIkA ) abhedAkhaNDa candramA amRtasRti ( prakriyAkaumudI kI vyAkhyA ) ambAkartrI ( paribhASenduzekhara sarvadarzanasaMgrahe racayitA munisundara TIkA ) arthazAlinI ( dharmasaMgrahaNI kI TIkA ) caNDezvara mAdhavAcArya rAmatIrthaM zaMkarAcArya nityAnandAnucara mAdhavAcArya zAkyamuni vasumitra guNamitra ( guNamati ) yazomitra azvaghoSa satyanAthayati "" " AtmadevapazvAnana vAraNAvateza kI TIkA ) ambAkartrI ( vAkyapadIya kI TIkA ) raghunAthazAstrI arthadIpikA ( vedAntaparibhASA kI zivadatta buddhaghoSa viSaya mImAMsA vedAnta advaitavedAnta advaitavedAnta "" 11 "" "" bauddha-darzana 37 "" " dvaitavedAnta "" "1 "} "" advaitavedAnta 17 vyAkhyA avAda bauddha-darzana samaya 1425 1350 1625 800 1354 | | | 120 1800 "1 37 1720 I 1800 1960 1810 400

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pramukhadarzanapranyAH 763 samaya 1640 arthasaMgraha arthasaMgraha kI TIkA racayitA viSaya logAkSibhAskara mImAMsA arjunamizra zivayogI kSemendra bauddha-darzana nandIzvara akalaGkadeva jaina-darzana 1670 1675 1080 170 750 vidyAnanda 800 avadAnakalpalatA avadAnazataka aSTazatI ( saptamImAMsA kI TIkA ) aSTasAhasrI (prajJApAramitA kI TIkA) aSTasAhasrI ( AptamImAMsAlaMkAra ) ahirbudhnyasaMhitA AgamaprAmANya Agneya AcArAGgasUtra AcArAGgasUtra kI TIkA Atmatattvaviveka Atmatattvaviveka ko TIkA bauddha-darzana jena-darzana viziSTAdvaitavedAnta - 1040 dvaitavedAnta I0 pU0 500 jaina-darzana yAmunAcArya mahAvIra nyAya-darzana 984 1580 1225 1590 800 , advaitavedAnta . jaina-darzana 1300 zIlAGka udayana mathurAnAtha vardhamAna haridAsamizra zaMkarAcArya guNabhadra prabhAcandra AdarzakAra lakSmaNasUri vidyAnandi samantabhadra vidyAnandi vasunandI udayaprabhadeva diGnAga kamalAkara pAzupata-darzana vyAkaraNa jena-darzana Atmabodha AtmAnuzAsana AtmAnuzAsana kI TIkA Adarza Adarza ( mahAbhASya kI TIkA ) AptaparIkSA ( AptamImAMsA kI TIkA ) AtamImAMsA AptamImAMsAlaMkAra AtamImAMsAvRtti Arambhasiddhi AlambanaparIkSA ( saTIka) Aloka ( zAstradIpikA kI vyAkhyA ) 800 600 bauddha-darzana mImAMsA 484 1590

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764 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe AvazyakasUtra AvazyakasUtra kI TIkA indradyumnazruti IzAvAsyadIpikA IzAvAsyabhASya IzAvAsyarahasya racayitA viSaya samaya mahAvIrasvAmI jena-darzana I0 pU0 500 tilakAcArya 1240 dvaitavedAnta zaMkarAnanda advaitavedAnta uvaTa, AnandabhaTTa , anantAcArya, nArAyaNa, brahmAnandasarasvatI , rAmacandra kSemarAja pratyabhijJA-darzana utpalAcArya gopInAthamuni asaGga bauddha-darzana jaina-darzana dvaitavedAnta - IzvarapratyabhijJAhRdaya Izvarasiddhi ujjvalA ( tarkabhASya kI TIkA ) uttaratantra uttarAdhyayanasUtra uddAlakazruti uddyota ( mahAbhASya-pradIpa kI TIkA) uddyota ( kaustubha kI vyAkhyA ) upakramaparAkrama (bhedadhikkAra kI TIkA) upadezacintAmaNi upadezasAhasrI upadezasAhasrI ko TIkA vyAkaraNa 1714 nAgeza bAlambhaTTa 1750 1660 10 upaniSadbhASya upaniSadbhASya kI TIkA upaniSadbhASya upaniSadbhASyavivaraNa upaniSadbhASya upaniSavRtti upaniSavyAkhyA upanyAsa ( zrIbhASya kI TIkA ) appayadIkSita advaitavedAnta jayazekhara jaina-darzana 1500 zaMkarAcArya advaitavedAnta AnandarAma rAmatIrtha zaMkarAcArya Anandagiri 825 AnandatIrtha dvaitavedAnta 1170 vyAsatIrtha 1260 raGgarAmAnuja viziSTAdvaitavedAnta - kUranArAyaNa rAghavendrayati dvaitavedAnta caNDamArutamahAcArya viziSTAdvaitavedAnta 1410 1380

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765 samaya viSaya vaizeSika dvaitavedAnta jaina-darzana 1425 1170 pramukhadarzanapranyAH grantha racayitA upaskAra ( kaNAdasUtra kI vRtti) zaMkaramizra upAdhikhaNDana AnandatIrtha upAsanAdhyayana samantabhadra upAsanAdhyayana kI TIkA prabhAcandra RgbhASya AnandatIrtha RjuvimalA ( bRhatI kI vyAkhyA ) zAlikanAtha kaNAdarahasya ( kaNAdasUtrabhASya kI TIkA) zaMkaramizra kaNAdasUtra kaNAda kaNAdabhASya prazastapAda kaNAdasUtra kI vRtti nAgeza candrakAnta dvaitavedAnta mImAMsA 600 825 1170 790 vaizeSika 1425 - vaizeSika 450 1714 1880 jayanArAyaNa bharadvAja AnandatIrtha dvaitavedAnta 1170 " mRgendra zaivadarzana kathAlakSaNa kamaThazruti karaNAgama kapUravAtika ( zAstradIpikA kI vyAkhyA) karmanirNaya kalA ( laghumaJjUSA kI TIkA ) kalpataru ( bhAmatI ko TIkA ) kalpalatA (praur3hamanoramAvyAkhyA ) kalpasUtra kalpasUtra kI TIkA ( subodhinI ) , (kalyAvalokinI ) kAmadhenu kAmikAyama kAlAgnirudropaniSad kAlottaropaniSad somezvara AnandatIrtha bAlambhaTTa amalAnanda kRSNamizra bhadrabAhu mImAMsA 1500 dvaitavedAnta 1170 vyAkaraNa 1750 advaitavedAnta 1250 vyAkaraNa jena-darzana I0 pU0 200 1190 bopadeva mRgendra vyAkaraNa zeva-darzana

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766 grantha kAzikA ( zlokavArtika kI vyAkhyA ) kAzikA ( pANinisUtra kI vRtti ) kAzikAvRttisAra kASAyaNazruti kiraNaprakAza ( vAkyapadIya kI vyAkhyA ) kuGkumavikAza ( nyAsa kI vyAkhyA) kucikA ( laghumaJjUSA kI TIkA ) kusumAJjali ( sUtra kI vRtti ) kUrmapurANa (pUrvArdha 53 ) kRSNAmRtamahArNava kRSNAmRtamahArNava kI TIkA helArAja kiraNAgama mRgendra kiraNAvalI ( kaNAdasUtra - bhASya TIkA ) udayana kiraNAvalI prakAza vardhamAna kiraNAvalI bhAskara padmanAbha zivabhaTTa kRSNa mizra gAgAbhaTTa kauzikati koSIravazruti kriyAsAra ( brahmasUtrabhASyatAtparya ) sarvadarzanasaMgrahe racayitA khaNDanakhaNDakhAdya khaNDanakhaNDakhAdya kI TIkA "" " sucarita mizra mImAMsA jayAditya aura vAmana vyAkaraNa vAsudeva vAsudeva AnandatIrtha vyAsatIrtha. nIlakaNTha hemAdri zaMkarAnanda dinakara ' ' viSaya "} kRSNAlaGkAra ( siddhAntaleza kI TIkA ) acyutakRSNAnandatIrtha advaitavedAnta keTaprakAza ( bhASyapradIpa kI TIkA ) kevalyadIpikA ( muktAphala kI TIkA ) kevalyopaniSaddIpikA koTharavyazruti kaumudI ( tarkabhASA kI TIkA ) karma nIlakaNTha zrIharSa citsukha raghunAtha zaMkara mizra "" dvaitavedAnta vyAkaraNa zeva-darzana vaizeSika 11 "7 vyAkaraNa "3 mImAMsA pAzupata - darzana dvaitavedAnta vyAkaraNa advaitavedAnta 77 dvaitavedAnta nyAya-darzana dvatavedAnta 77 "" zevadarzana advaitavedAnta "" " 17 samaya 1670 870 984 1150 11 1750 1550 1170 1260 1690 1640 1270 1325 -- 1650 1190 1225 By --

Page #804
grantha gaNakArikA gaNapATha gaNaratnamahodadhi ( gaNapATha TIkA ) gaNDavyUha gadA ( paribhASenduzekhara kI TIkA ) gadAdharI ( tattvadIdhiti kI TIkA ) hastimahAbhASya ( tattvArthasUtra kI TIkA ) gAthASaSTisahasra gAruDa gItA TIkA 77 17 gItA tAtparyanirNaya gItAbhASya gItAbhASya kI TIkA gItAbhASya 17 13 gItArthasaMgraha pramukhadarzana granthAH gUr3ha bhAvavRtti ( kaumudI kI vyAkhyA ) gUDhArthatattvAloka ( gUDhArthadIpikA kI TIkA ) gUDhArthadIpikA ( gItA kI TIkA ) gUDhArthadIpikA ( yogasUtra kI vRtti ) gUDhArthadIpinI ( sUtra kI vRtti ) gUDhArthaprakAza ( zekhara kI TIkA ) brahmAnanda (asiddhi kI TIkA ) gautamasUtra kI vRtti gopavanazruti racayitA haradatta pANini vardhamAna - bAlambhaTTa gadAdhara samantabhadra pazikhAcArya abhinavagupta rAmakaNTha zaMkarAnanda AnandatIrtha zaMkarAcArya Anandagiri rAmAnuja AnandatIrtha viSNusvAmI yAmunAcArya rAmacandrazeSa baccA zarmA madhusUdana nArAyaNabhikSu sadAziva mizra vAsudeva zAstrI brahmAnanda jayanta viSaya pAzupata vyAkaraNa "" bauddhadarzana vyAkaraNa nyAya - darzana jaina-darzana sAMkhya darzana dvaitavedAnta anta pratyabhijJA advaitavedAnta vedAnta adva eta-vedAnta 767 500 I0 pU0 1140 ata-vedAnta "" yoga-darzana vyAkaraNa vyAkaraNa samaya 1000 950 1325 1170 810 825 " viziSTAdva tavedAnta 1050 vedAnta 1170 "7 nyAya-darzana vedAnta 1750 1560 " viziSTAdva tavedAnta 1040 vyAkaraNa 1560 600 1560 1600 1670 1890 580

Page #805
768 grantha caNDamAruta ( zatadUSaNI kI TIkA ) caturazruti caturgranthI ( advetasiddhi kI TIkA ) caturvedazikhA candrakalA ( laghuzabdenduzekhara kI vyAkhyA ) candrikA " ,, ( tarkasaMgraha kI TIkA ) "1 ( naiSkarmyasiddhi kI TIkA ) ( sAMkhyakArikA bhASya kI "7 TIkA ) cinvandrikA ( paribhASenduzekhara kI TIkA ) cittavizuddhiprakaraNa cidasthimAlA ( laghuzabdeduzekhara kI vyAkhyA sarvadarzanasaMgrahe racayitA caNDamArutamahAcArya jayadhavalA jayasaMhitA jagadIzI ( tattvadIdhiti kI TippaNI ) jagadIzI kI TIkA jIvanmuktiprakriyA jIvanmuktiviveka jeminisUtra jeminisUtra kI vRtti anantazAstrI bhairavamizra jayatIrthaM vyAsatIrtha mukunda bhaTTa jJAnottamamizra nArAyaNatIrtha viSNubhaTTa Aryadeva cinnambhaTTI ( tarkabhASA TIkA ) cinnambhaTTI kI TIkA chAyA ( bhASyapradIpodyota kI TIkA ) bAlambhaTTa chAyA ( yogasUtra kI vRtti ) nAgeza jayatIrthagrantha kI TIkA vyAsatIrtha bAlambhaTTa cinnambhaTTa beTAcAryaM jagadIza zaMkaramizra sadAnanda mAdhavAcArya jemini upavarSa viSaya samaya viziSTAdva tavedAnta 1410 -vedAnta - vedAnta vedAnta vyAkaraNa -vedAnta " vaizeSika adva eta-vedAnta sAMkhya vyAkaraNa bauddha darzana vyAkaraNa nyAya-darzana "3 vyAkaraNa yoga-darzana 'ta-vedAnta jaina- darzana viziSTAdvaita vedAnta nyAya-darzana nyAya-darzana ata-vedAnta "" mImAMsA 37 1780 1170 1260 1715 T 1600 1840 300 1750 1350 1760 1725 1260 900 1590 1625 1560 1350 500 I0 pU0 400 "

Page #806
pramukhadarzanayanyAH 769 viSaya hari samaya 100 I0 pU0 775 850 1360 1525 1660 1714 1350 1250 grantha racayitA jeminisUtra kI vRtti mImAMsA bhartRmitra bhavadAsa prabhAkara vAcaspatimizra veGkaTAcArya vallabhAcArya zrI nivAsAdhvari karavindasvAmI laugAkSibhAskara nAgeza jaiminIyanyAyamAlAvistara mAdhavAcArya jJAnadIpikA zrIpati vyAkaraNa jJAnaprasthAna kAtyAyanIputra bauddha-darzana jJAnaprasthAna kI TIkA azvaghoSa jJAnaratnAvalI zeva-darzana jJAnasAgarI ( AvazyakasUtra kI TIkA ) jJAnasAgara jaina-darzana jJAnArNava zubhacandra jJAnArNava ko TIkA nayavilAsa jJAnodayasArasaMgraha mahendramuni jyotiSpradIpikA ( sUtra kI vRtti) lakSmaNasUri mImAMsA jyotsnA ( laghuzabdenduzekhara kI vyAkhyA) udayaMkara vyAkaraNa jyotsnA ( paramalaghumaMjUSA kI vyAkhyA) kAlikAprasAda zukla TupTIkA ( zAbarabhASyavArtika) kumArilabhaTTa mImAMsA tattvacandra ( prakriyAkaumudI kI jayanta vyAkhyA) (madhusUdana-putra) vyAkaraNa tattvacintAmaNi gaMgeza upAdhyAya nyAyadarzana tattvacintAmaNi kI TIkA pakSezvara vardhamAna 49 sa0saM0 1380 1720 1961 760 1580 1975 1225

Page #807
770 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe " " / / pratya racayitA viSaya samaya tattvacintAmaNi kI TIkA vAsudevasArvabhauma nyAyadarzana 1275 tattvatraya lokAcArya viziSTAdvaitavedAnta 1280 tattvatrayaculuka nainArAcArya 1415 zrInivAsAcArya 1480 tattvatrayaculukasaMgraha kumAravedAntAcArya , 1420 tattvatrayanirUpaNa varadAcArya 1120 varadanAyaka tattvatrayabhASya varavara tattvatrayavivaraNa kRSNapAda tattvadIdhiti ( tattvacintAmaNi kI TIkA) raghunAtha nyAyadarzana 1300 tattvadIpana (paJcapAdikAvivaraNa) akhaNDAnandasarasvatI advaitavedAnta 1580 tattvadIpana svaprakAzayati 1320 tattvanirUpaNa ramyajAmAtRmuni viziSTAdvaitavedAnta 1410 tattvaprakAza bhojarAja zeva 1060 tattvaprakAza kI TIkA aghorazivAcArya 1150 tattvaprakAzikA ( brahmasUtrabhASya kI TIkA) satyanAthayati pUrNaprajJa tattvaprabodhinI ( tarkabhASA kI TIkA ) gaNezadIkSita nyAyadarzana tattvabodhini ( siddhAntakaumudI kI vyAkhyA) jJAnendrasarasvatI vyAkaraNa ___ 1640 tattvabodhini ( saMkSepazArIraka kI TIkA) nRsiMhAzrama advaitavedAnta 1550 tattvamaJjarI rAghavendratIrtha dvaitavedAnta tattvamuktAkalApa veGkaTanAtha (1267-1368 ) viziSTAdvaitavedAnta 1320 tattvamuktAkalApakAnti nainArAcArya 1415 tattvamuktAkalApa kI TIkA veGkaTanAtha 1320 tattvaviveka ( siddhAMtabindu ko TIkA ) pUrNanandatIrtha advaitavedAnta tattvaviveka AnandatIrtha dvaitavedAnta 1170 tattvaviveka kI TIkA yadupati 1800 1800

Page #808
pramukhadarzanagranthAH 771 racayitA viSaya samaya grantha tattvavezAradI ( yogasUtrabhASya kI TIkA tattvazekhara tattvasaMkhyAna tattvasaMkhyAna kI TIkA tattvasaMgraha vAcaspati mizra lokAcArya AnandatIrtha yadupati zAntarakSita nArAyaNamuni yoga 841 dvaitaviziSTavedAnta 1280 dvaitavedAnta 1370 1800 bauddha-darzana 720 viziSTAdvaitavedAnta 1415 zaivadarzana sAMkhyadarzana kapila vibhAnanda viziSTadvatavedAnta vIrarAghava 1400 1890 vAsudevazAstrI mahAdevasarasvatI zukAcArya vyAkaraNa advaitavedAnta 1760 tattvasamAsasUtra tattvasamAsasUtra kI vRtti tattvasAra tattvasAra ko TIkA tattvAdarza (paribhASenduzekhara kI TIkA ) tattvAnusandhAna tattvAnusandhAna kI TIkA tattvArthacintAmaNi (zivasUtra kI vRtti) tattvArtha kI TIkA vyAkhyAlaGkAra ( tattvArthAdhigamasUtra kI TIkA ) tattvArthadIpikA ( tattvArthAdhigamasUtra kI TIkA) tattvArthasAra tattvArthasAradIpikA tattvArthAdhigamasUtra tattvArthAdhigama kI TIkA kallaTa pratyabhijJA 854 akalaGkadeva 750 1500 1465 zrutasAgara amRtacandra sakalakIrti umAsvAti vibudhasena siddhasenagaNi 525 tattaloka ( tattvacintAmaNi kI TIkA) tattvAloka kI TIkA nyAyadarzana 1278 jayadevamizra haridAsa mizra

Page #809
772 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe racayitA viSaya samaya 1580 grantha tattvAlokarahasya ( tattvacintAmaNi kI TIkA) tattvopaplavasiMha tattvodyota tathAgataguhyaka tantraratna tantravArtika tantravArtika kI TIkA mathurAnAtha ajitakezakambali AnandatIrtha nyAyadarzana cArvAka dvaitavedAnta bauddhadarzana mImAMsA 1170 900 760 825 " tantravArtika kI TIkA 825 1590 pratyabhijJA dvaitavedAnta dvaitavedAnta or or or 1000 pArthasArathimizra kumArilabhaTTa maNDanamizra kavIndra pAlabhaTTa kamalAkara abhinavagupta AnandatIrtha abhinavagupta jayaratha vindhyezvarIprasAda jIvarAja logAkSibhAskara mohanabhaTTa bhAvaviveka vyAsatIrtha rAghavendratIrtha annaMbhaTTa nIlakaNTha vaizeSika nyAyadarzana vaizeSika tantrasAra tantrasAra-saMgraha tantrAloka tantrAloka kI TIkA taraGgiNo ( tarkasaMgraha kI TIkA ) tarkakArikA tarkakaumudI tarkakaumudI kI TIkA tarkajvAlA tarkatANDava tarkatANDava kI TIkA tarkadIpikA ( tarkasaMgraha kI TIkA ) tarkadIpikAprakAza tarkaprakAza ( nyAyasiddhAntamaJjarI kI TIkA) tarkabhASA tarkabhASA kI TIkA 1170 1000 1170 1760 1450 1625 1780 600 bauddhadarzana dvaitavedAnta 1260 vaizeSika vaizeSika 1690 1830 nyAyadarzana 1535 1250 zrIkaNTha kezavamizra gaMgAdharabhaTTa guDubhaTTa nArAyaNabhaTTa rAmaliGga 1460

Page #810
pramukhadarzanapravAH 773 grantha viSaya tarkabhASA kI TIkA racayitA mAdhavadeva murAri nyAyadarzana siddhacandra samaya 1655 1710 1740 1770 1570 610 1450 cArvAka jainadarzana 1690 1710 1590 nyAyadarzana viziSTAdvaitavedAnta 1220 1400 1440 mAdhavabhaTTa tarkabhASAprakAza govadharna tarkabhASAvivaraNa zubhavijaya tarkamaJjarI jIvarAja tarkarahasyadIpikA guNaratna tarkavArtika tarkavAtika kI TIkA zAntyAcArya tarkasaMgraha annaMbhaTTa tarkasaMgraha kI TIkA murAri tarkAmRta jagadIza tAtparyadIpikA ( vedArthasaMgraha kI TIkA) sudarzana tAtparyadIpikA ( rahasyamaya kI TIkA ) vIrarAghava tAtparyadIpikA kI TIkA vIrarAghavadAsa agnisvAmI tAtparyasaMgraha ( zArIrabhASya kI TIkA ) rAmacandratIrtha tAkikarakSA varadAcArya tAkikarakSA kI TIkA jJAnapUrNa taittirIyopaniSaddIpikA zaMkarAnanda mAdhavAcArya tripathagA ( paribhASenduzekhara ko TIkA ) rAghavAcArya tripiTaka zAkyamuni trilocanI ( muktAvalI kI TIkA) trilocana trizikhA ( paribhASenduzekhara kI TIkA ) lakSmInRsiMha triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita hemacandra darpaNA ( kaustubha kI vyAkhyA ) harivallabha darpaNA ( tarkabhASA kI TIkA ) bhAskara darzanasamuccayarUpatarkajvAlA bhAvaviveka advaitavedAnta nyAyadarzana 1550 1050 advaitavedAnta 1325 1350 vyAkaraNa 1810 bauddhadarzana 400 I0 pU0 vaizeSika - vyAkaraNa 1765 jainadarzana 1125 vyAkaraNa 1700 nyAyadarzana bauddhadarzana 600

Page #811
774 grantha dazapadArthI dazabhUmIzvara dazazlokI dinakarI ( muktAvalI kI TIkA ) dinakarI kI TIkA divyAvadAna durghaTArthaprakAza ( mahAbhArata- tAtparya nirNaya kI TIkA ) dRzyaviveka rAghavAnanda dIdhiti ( sUtra kI vRtti ) dIpaprabhA ( vAraruca - saMgraha kI TIkA ) nArAyaNa dIpikA (brahmasUtra kI vRtti ) zaMkarAnanda durgapada ( nandisUtra kI vyAkhyA ) durghaTavRtti devAgamastotra doSoddharaNa ( paribhASenduzekhara kI TIkA ) dravya prakAzikA dvAdazAnuprekSA dharmaratnavRtti dharmaratnAkara dharmaskandha dharmAmRta dhAtukAya dhAtupATha dhAtuprakAza ( dhAtupATha kI TIkA ) dhAtupradIpa ( dhAtupATha kI TIkA ) sarvadarzanasaMgrahe racayitA jJAnacandra dhAtu ratnamAlA dhAtuvRtti ( dhAtupATha kI TIkA ) nandisUtra zaMkarAcArya mahAdeva aura dinakara vaizeSika rAmarudra candrasUri zaraNadeva sabhyAbhinavayati vizvezvara sAmantabhadra mantudeva bhagIrathamegha kundakunda zAntisUri jayasena zAriputra AzAdhara pUrNa pANini balarAma rakSita devadatta mAdhava viSaya vaizeSika bauddhadarzana atavedAnta devadhi 37 bauddhadarzana mImAMsA vyAkaraNa atavedAnta jainadarzana vyAkaraNa dva etavedAnta atavedAnta jainadarzana vyAkaraNa nyAyadarzana jainadarzana ,, 77 bauddhadarzana jaina darzana bauddhadarzana "" "" rasezvara samaya 600 vyAkaraNa jaina- darzana 800 1690 1700 1600 1325 1160 1170 1320 600 1760 1570 vyAkaraNa : 500 I0 pU0 25 1220 1175 1 1750 1350 1

Page #812
825 pramukhabasanagranthAH 775 prantha racayitA viSaya samaya nayanaprakAzikA (zrIbhASya kI TIkA ) meghanAdAri viziSTAdvaitavedAnta - nayanaprasAdinI (pratyaktattvapradIpikA kI TIkA) pratyakasvarUpa advaita-vedAnta 1500 nayapradIpa yazovijaya jaina-darzana 1500 nayodyota (bhATTadIpikA kI TIkA ) nArAyaNabhaTTa mImAMsA nayopadezaprakaraNa jayavijaya jaina-darzana 1450 navatattva navatattva kI TIkA somasundara 1400 nArAyaNatantra dvaita-vedAnta niyamasAra kundakunda jaina-darzana 25 niSkaNTaka' ( saptapadArthI kI TIkA ) mallinAtha vaizeSika 1350 , ( tAkikarakSA kI TIkA ) nyAya-darzana neSkarmyasiddhi surezvarAcArya advaita-vedAnta nyAyakaNikA ( vidhiviveka kI TIkA) vAcaspatimizra mImAMsA 841 nyAyakandalI ( kaNAdasUtra bhASya kI TIkA) zrIdhara vaizeSika nyAyakalikA jayanta nyAya-darzana nyAyakalpalatA jayatIrtha dvaitavedAnta (1193-1268) nyAyakusumAJjali udayanAcArya nyAyadarzana 984 nyAyakusumAJjali kI TIkA candranArAyaNa varadarAja vAmadhvaja nyAyakaumudI ( tArkikarakSA kI TIkA ) vinAyakabhaTTa nyAyacandrikA ( bhASApariccheda kI TIkA) nArAyaNatIrtha vaizeSika 1650 nyAyatAtparyadIpikA ( nyAyasAra kI TIkA) jayasiMha nyAya-darzana 1400

Page #813
776 grantha nyAyatAtparyamaNDana nyAyadIpa ( nyAyasUtrabhASya kI TIkA ) nyAyanirNaya ( tarkasaMgraha kI TIkA ) nyAyaparizuddhi nyAyapradIpa ( tarkabhASA kI TIkA ) nyAyadvArazAstra nyAyanibandhaprakAza ( nyAyavArtika tAtparyaparizuddhi kI TIkA ) vardhamAna nyAyanirNaya ( zarIra bhASya kI TIkA ) Anandagiri nyAyapraveza nyAyabindu (sUtravRtti ) nyAyabindu nyAyabindu kI TIkA "" sarvadarzanasaMgrahe racayitA zaMkaramizra 33 mitra mizra nAgArjuna mallavAkyAcAryaM vinItadeva zAntabhadra " nyAyabodhinI ( tarkasaMgraha kI TIkA ) govardhana nyAyabhUSaNa bhAsarvajJa nyAyamAlAvistara nyAyamAlAvistara ( sUtra kI vRtti ) nyAyamuktAvalI ( lakSaNAvalI kI TIkA ) nyAyamuktAvalI nyAyaratna veGkaTanAtha diGnAga bAlaMbhaTTa dharmakIrti dharmottara vAsudeva kAzmIrika Anandabodha citsukha 37 nyAyamakaranda nyAyamakaranda kI TIkA nyAyamaJjarI ( gautamasUtra kI vRtti ) jayanta nyAyamaJjarI "3 mAdhavAcArya somezvara zArGgadhara appayadIkSita raghunAthazAstrI parvate viSaya nyAyadarzana 37 bauddha darzana "" advaita vedAnta vaizeSika viziSTAdvaitavedAnta nyAyadarzana bauddha darzana mImAMsA bauddha darzana "" 11 " "" vaizeSika nyAya - darzana 17 advaitavedAnta 17 nyAya - darzana cArvAka mImAMsA 27 vaizeSika advaitavedAnta nyAya-darzana samaya 1425 1580 125 1225 825 1320 1 480 1750 635 850 1160 925 1225 850 660 1350 1500 1670 1580 1860

Page #814
J prantha nyAyaratnamAlA ( tantravArtika kI vyAkhyA ) nyAyaratnAkAra ( zlokavArtika kI vyAkhyA ) nyAyaratnAvalI nyAyaratnAvalI ( nyAyasiddhAnta maJjarI kI TIkA ) nyAyaratnAvalI ( siddhAntabindu kI TIkA ) nyAyalIlAvatI nyAyavArtikatAtparya nyAyavArtikatAtparya kI TIkA nyAyavivaraNa nyAyavivaraNa ( kRSNAmRtamahArNava kI TIkA ) nyAyavRtti nyAyasAra nyAyasiddhAJjana kI TIkA 23 nyAyasiddhAntadIpa nyAyasiddhAntamaJjarI nyAyavArtikatAtparyaparizuddhi nyAyavilAsa ( tarkabhASA kI TIkA ) vizvanAtha AnandatIrtha "1 17 pramukhadarzana granthAH racayitA tammaNAcArya abhayatilaka bhAsarvajJa mAdhavadeva "" nyAyasAra ( nyAyaparizuddhi kI TIkA ) zrInivAsAcArya nyAyasiddhAJjana nyAyasiddhAntamaJjarI kI TokA pArthasArathimizra "" "" veGkaTanAtha vAsudeva brahmAnandasarasvatI ballabhanyAyAcArya vAcaspatimizra udayanAcArya veGkaTanAtha ( 1267 - 1368 ) raGgarAmAnuja kRSNatA tArya zazadhara cUDAmaNi jAnakInAthabhaTTAcArya zrInivAsa kRSNavAgIza trilocanadeva viSaya mImAMsA " viziSTAdvaitavedAnta nyAya - darzana advaitavedAnta vaizeSika nyAya - darzana 13 77 "" vedAnta "" nyAya - darzana 17 " viziSTAdvaitavedAnta 17 "" "" "3 nyAya-darzana "} "" "" 14 777 samaya 900 900 1320 - 1150 841 984 1634 1170 1050 925 1655 1.320 1300 1450 '130 111

Page #815
778 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe samaya viSaya nyAyadarzana 1625 nyAyasiddhAntamaJjarI kI TIkA nyAyasiddhAntamaJjarIsAra nyAyasiddhAntamAlA nyAyasiddhAntAjana nyAyasudhA ( rANaka, tantravArtika kI vyAkhyA) nyAyasudhA racayi logAkSibhAskara yAdava jayarAma vAgIza viziSTAdvaitavedAnta mImAMsA 1500 dvaitavedAnta 1225 somezvara jayatIrtha (1193-1268) kuNDalagiri yadupati vAcaspati mizra nyAyasudhA kI TIkA nyAya-darzana 1800 841 akSapAda nyAyasUcInibandha nyAyasUtra nyAyasUtrabhASya nyAyasUtrabhASya kI TIkA nyAyasUtrabhASyavArtika nyAyasUtravivaraNa nyAyasUtra kI vRtti rror 1634 1714 841 vAtsyAyana vizvanAtha udyotakara rAdhAmohana candranArAyaNa vizvanAtha nAgeza mukundadAsa vAcaspatimizra asaGgabhadra zrIkaNTha candragomi siddhasenadivAkara candraprabha jinendrabuddhi (nyAsakAra ) veGkaTanAtha kumAravedAntAcArya mAdhavAcArya nyAyasUtroddhAra nyAyAnusAra nyAyAlaGkAra nyAyAlokasiddhi nyAyAvatAra nyAyAvatAra kI TIkA nyAsa ( kAzikA ko vyAkhyA ) 320 bauddha-darzana nyAya-darzana bauddha-darzana jaina-darzana jaina-darzana 1000 635 450 nyAsatilaka nyAsatilaka kI TIkA paJcadazI vyAkaraNa 875 viziSTAdvaitavedAnta 1320 1420 advaita-vedAnta 1350

Page #816
pramukhadarzanagranthAH 779 samaya viSaya advaitata-vedAnta 137 1560 1800 - 1600 1250 1200 viziSTAdvaitavedAnta 1320 pAzupata. jaina-darzana 25 pranya racayitA paJcadazI kI TokA rAmakRSNa sadAnanda acyutarAya paJcapAdikA ( zArIrabhASya kI TIkA ) padmapAdAcArya paJcapAdikA kI TIkA AnandapUrNa vidyAsAgara paMcapAdikA-darpaNa amalAnanda paMcapAdikA-vivaraNa prakAzAtmamuni paMcarAtra ( nArada ) paMcarAtrarakSA veGkaTanAtha paMcArthavidyA pazupati paMcArthasUtra nakulIza paMcArthasUtra bhASya rAzikara bhaTTa paMcArthasUtra bhASya dIpikA paMcAstikAya kundakunda paMcAstikAya kI TIkA amRtacandra padakRtya ( tarkasaMgraha kI TIkA ) candrasiMha padacandrikA kRSNazeSa padadIpikA ( paMcapAdikA kI TIkA ) dharmarAjAdhvarIndra padapaMcikA ( nyAyasAra kI TIkA) vAsudeva kAzmIrika padamaJjarI ananta padamaJjarI ( kAzikA kI vyAkhyA) haradatta / padavyavasthAsUtrakArikA vimalakIrti padArthakaumudI vedezatIrtha padArthakhaNDana ( padArthatattvanirUpaNa) raghunAthabhaTTa padArthacandrikA mitramitra padArthacandrikA ( saptapadArthI kI TIkA zAGgadhara padArthatattvanirUpaNa raghunAthaziromaNi padArthadharmasaMgraha ( bhASya ) prazastapAda padArthamAlA laugAkSibhAskara 905 vaizeSika vyAkaraNa advaitavedAnta nyAyadarzana 1520 1600 875 1650 vyAkaraNa jaina-darzana dvaitavedAnta nyAyadarzana 1300 1580 vaizeSika vaizeSika nyAyadarzana 1625

Page #817
780 grantha padArthasaMgraha padArthasaMgraha kI TIkA paramalaghumaJjUSA paramAtmaprakAza paramAtmaprakAza kI TIkA paramArthasati paramArthasAra ( saTIka ) paramArthasAra paramArthasAsara kI TIkA paramAzruti parAtriMzikAvivaraNa paribhASA prakAza paribhASA pradIpAca paribhASAbhAskara paribhASAvRtti 37 77 paribhASAvRtti kI TIkA paribhASenduzekhara parimala ( kalpataru kI TIkA ) pariziSTaparva parIkSA ( paribhASenduzekhara kI TIkA ) parIkSA ( vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra kI TIkA ) parIkSA mukha sarvadarzanasaMgrahe viSaya padmanAbha ananta nAgeza zrI yogIndra laghu padmanandI vasubandhu AdizeSa abhinavagupta yogarAja pod abhinavagupta viSNurAma udayazaMkara kuppuzAstrI vyADi sIradeva nIlakaNThadIkSita zeSAdvizuddhi nAgeza appayadIkSita hemacandra indirApati bhairava mANikyanandI vIrAnanda anantavIrya " parIkSAmukhalaghu kI vRtti pAThakI ( paribhASenduzekhara kI TIkA ) pAThaka pAThakI ( laghuzabdenduzekhara kI vyAkhyA ) 17 racayitA dvaitavedAnta "" vyAkaraNa jainadarzana "" bauddha darzana advaitavedAnta pratyabhijJA-darzana "" dvaitavedAnta pratyabhijJA-darzana vyAkaraNa 17 33 "1 " 77 "" "" advaitavedAnta jaina- darzana vyAkaraNa "} jena-darzana "" "" vyAkaraNa "" samaya | I 1714 1350 330 - 1000 1050 1000 - 1720 1750 300 I0 pU0 1200 - 1714 1550 1125 1760 1780 800 800 1439 1795 "

Page #818
pramukhadarzanapranthAH 781 viSaya samaya 905 vyAkaraNa jaina-darzana dvaitavedAnta viziSTAdvaitavedAnta zeva-darzana dvaitavedAnta mImAMsA bauddha-darzana 79 1700 mImAMsA dvaitavedAnta viziSTAdvaitavedAnta nyAyadarzana 1225 grantha racayitA pANinIyadIpikA nIlakaNTha puruSArthasiddhayupAya amRtacandra pautrAyaNazruti poSkarasaMhitA poSkarAgama puSkara poSyAyaNazruti prakaraNapaJcikA zAlikanAtha prakaraNapAda vasumitra prakaraNavivaraNapaJcaka pratyabhijJA prakAza (zAstradIpikA kI vyAkhyA zaMkarabhaTTa prakAza ( candrikA kI TIkA) rAghavendratIrtha prakAza ( yatIndramatadIpikA vAsudeva zAstrI ko TIkA ) abhyaMkara prakAza (nyAyakusumAJjali ko TIkA ) vardhamAna prakAza ( tarkabhASA kI TIkA) caitanyabhaTTa prakAza ( tattvacintAmaNi kI TokA ) tarkacUDAmaNi prakAza ( muktAvalI kI TIkA) bAlakRSNa bhaTTa prakAzikA (sUtra kI vRtti) rAmakRSNa prakAzikA (zrIbhASya kI TIkA) lakSmaNasUri prakAzikA ( tAkiMkarakSA kI TIkA ) nRsiMhaThakkura prakAzikA ( tarkabhASA kI TIkA ) kauNDiNyadIkSita balabhadra prakAzikA ( vAkyAvRtti ko TIkA ) vizvezvara prakriyAkImudI ( sUtra kI vRtti) rAmacandra prakriyAkaumudI kI vyAkhyA rAmabhaTTa zeSakRSNa prazatizAstra maudgalAyana prajJApAramitA kI TIkA vasuvandhu prajJApAramitAsUtra zAkyamuni prajJApAramitA ( zatasAhastrikA ) prajJApradIpa bhAvaviveka nyAyadarzana vaizeSika mImAMsA viziSTAdvaitavedAnta nyAya-darzana 1500 advaitavedAnta vyAkaraNa 1320 1420 1460 1540 300 - - 600

Page #819
782 grantha pratyaktattvadIpikA pratyabhijJAkArikA ( pratyabhijJAsUtra, zivadRSTisaMkSepa ) pratyabhijJA vimarzinI ( laghuvRtti pratyabhijJAvRtti kI TIkA ) pratyabhijJAvivRti ( pratyabhijJAsUtra * prabandhacintAmaNi prabhA ( zAstradIpikA kI vyAkhyA ) prabhA ( kaustubha kI vyAkhyA ) sarvadarzanasaMgrahe racayitA citsukha utpalAcArya utpalAcArya kI TIkA ) pratyabhijJAvivRti vimazinI ( bRhatI kI vRtti ) pratyabhijJA kI vRtti ( pratyabhijJAna sUtra kI TIkA ) abhinavagupta utpalAcArya pradIpa ( mahAbhASya kI TIkA ) kaiyaTa dIpikA ( AcArAGgasUtra kI TIkA ) jinahaMsa prapacamithyAtvakhaNDana AnandatIrtha prapannAmRta ( rAmAnujAcArya carita ) abhinavagupta pramANapaddhati pramANapaddhati-TIkA pramANaparIkSA pramANalakSaNa pramANavArtika ( pramANasamuccaya kI TIkA ) pramANazAstrapraveza pramANasamuccaya ( saTIka ) ananta merutuGga bAlaMbhaTTa rAghavAcArya prabhA ( nyAya siddhAntadIpa kI TIkA ) zeSAnanta prabhA ( tarkasaMgraha kI TIkA ) hanumAn prabhAvatI ( bhATTa-dIpikA kI TIkA ) zaMbhubhaTTa pramANacintAmaNi hemacandra pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra devasUri jayatIrthaM dharmakIrti diGnAgAcArya viSaya atavedAnta " pratyabhijJA "7 37 pratyabhijJA 77 vyAkaraNa jena-darzana dvaitavedAnta viziSTAdvaitavedAnta jaina- darzana mImAMsA vyAkaraNa nyAya-darzana vaizeSika mImAMsA jaina-darzana ( 1993 - 1268 ) dvaitavedAnta satyanAtha yati vidyAnanda AnandatIrtha "" 27 jena-darzana dvaitavedAnta bauddha darzana "" " samaya 1225 910 1000 910 1-000 910 1100 1550 1170 1150 1300 1750 1820 1690 1125.. 1140 1225 1800 800 1170 635 450 450

Page #820
grantha prameyakamalamArtaNDa prameyaratnamAlA prayogaratnamAlA pravacanaparIkSA pravacanasAra pravacanasAra kI TIkA praznottaramAlA prauDhamanoramA ( siddhAntakaumudI kI vyAkhyA ) prauDhamanoramAkhaNDana pramukhadarzanapranthAH racayitA prabhAcandra mANikyanandI puruSottama dharmasAgara prasannapadA ( mAdhyamika kArikA candrakIrti kI vRtti ) prasAda ( prakriyAkaumudI kI vyAkhyA) viTThala prasAdinI ( tarkabhASA ko TIkA ) vAgIza prasthAnabheda madhusUdanasarasvatI kundakunda amRtacandra amoghavarSa bRhattantra vRhatsaMhitA bRhadAraNyakabhASyavArtika vRhadAraNyakabhASya kI vyAkhyA bhaTTojIdIkSita cakrapANi phakkikA (tarkasaMgraha kI TIkA ) kSamA kalyANa armaratfunt caturbhuja bAlabodhinI ( Atmabodha kI TIkA ) nArAyaNatIrtha bAlamanoramA ( kaumudI kI vyAkhyA) ananta binduzIkara - ( siddhAntaleza kI TIkA ) gaMgAdhara sarasvatI bindusaMdIpana ( siddhAnta bindu kI TIkA ) buddhacarita bRhacandrikA (advaitasiddhi kI TIkA ) brahmAnanda sarasvatI vRhacchandenduzekhara ( kaumudI kI vyAkhyA ) bRhatI ( zAbarabhASya kI vyAkhyA ) puruSottama sarasvatI azvaghoSa nAgeza prabhAkara surezvarAcArya raghUttamayati viSaya jaina-darzana 17 vyAkaraNa jena SSS 33 " 17 bauddha darzana vyAkaraNa nyAya - darzana advaitavedAnta vyAkaraNa vaizeSika rasezvara advaitavedAnta vyAkaraNa advaitavedAnta 37 bauddha darzana advaita vedAnta vyAkaraNa mImAMsA dvaita vedAnta 77 advaita vedAnta dvaita vedAnta 783 samaya 825 800 1300 1573 25 905 850 550 1500 - 1560 1578 1600 1660 1675 1625 120 1565 1714 775 825

Page #821
784 viSaya vyAkaraNa sarvadarzanasaMgraheprantha racayitA samaya bRhaddarpaNA ( vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra - ko TIkA) mantudeva 1760 bRhanmaJjUSA nAgeza 1714 vRhaspatisUtra bRhaspati cArvAka bodhicaryAvatAra zAntideva bauddha-darzana 650 bodhisattvayogAcAracatuHzataka Aryadeva bauddha-darzana 300 bodhisattvAvadAnakalpalatA kSemendra 1080 brahmatarka dvaita-vedAnta brahmavidyAbharaNa ( zArIrabhASya kI TIkA) advaitAnanda sarasvatI advaita-vedAnta 1225 brahmasUtra vyAsa ( bAdarAyaNa ) vedAnta brahmasUtratAtparyavivaraNa bhairavatilaka advaita-vedAnta 1760 brahmasUtrabhASya dramiDAcArya viziSTAdvaitavedAnta - rAmAnujAcArya (1019-1139)brahmasUtrabhASya ( jayatIrtha vyAsatIrtha rAghavendratIrtha kRta TIkA sahita ) AnandatIrtha dvaita-vedAnta 1170 brahmasUtrabhASya viSNusvAmI advaita-vedAnta brahmasUtrabhASya zrIkaNThazivAcArya 1350 zaMkarAcArya advaita-vedAnta 810 brahmasUtravRtti baudhAyana viziSTAdvaita-vedAnta vAkyakAra brahmasUtrAnuvyAkhyAna vidyAdhIza dvaita-vedAnta brahmAmRtavarSiNI ( brahmasUtra kI vRtti ) rAmAnandasarasvatI advaita-vedAnta bhagavadgItA vedAnta bhagavadgItA kI TIkA rAmakaNTha pratyabhijJA zaMkarAnanda advaita-vedAnta abhinavagupta bhagavadgItAbhASya rAmAnuja vi0 0 1080 zaMkarAcArya advaita-vedAnta bhavAnandI ( tatvadIdhiti kI TIkA ) bhavAnanda nyAya-darzana 1600 bhAgavatatAtparyanirNaya mAnandatIrtha deta-vedAnta 1170 zeva / / / / / vyAsa 950 1325

Page #822
grantha bhAgavatatAtparyanirNaya kI TIkA "7 bhATTacintAmaNi bhATTadinakara ( zAstradIpikA kI vyAkhyA ) bhATTadIpikA ( sUtra kI vRtti ) bhATTabhASAprakAza bhATTabhASA prakAzikA bhATTasaMgraha bhAmatI ( zArIrabhASya kI TIkA ) bhAratabhAvadIpa ( gItA kI TIkA ) bhAlaveyazruti bhAvacUDAmaNi bhAvadIpa ( kaustubha kI vyAkhyA ) pramukha darzana granthAH racayitA janArdana bhaTTa veGkaTakRSNa gAgAbhaTTa " bhaTTadinakara khaNDadeva nArAyaNabhaTTa rAghavAnanda vAcaspatimizra nIlakaNTha vidyAkaNTha kRSNamizra rAghavendratIrtha 37 bhAvadIpikA ( gItAbhASya kI TIkA ) zrInivAsatIrthaM bhAvadIpikA ( nyAyasiddhAntamaMjarI kI TIkA ) zrIkRSNa bhAvaprakAza ( brahmasUtrabhASyakI TIkA ) narahari bhAvaprakAza ( zabdaratna kI vyAkhyA) bAlaMbhaTTa bhAvaprakAzikA ( brahmasUtrabhASya kI TIkA ) bhagavattIrtha bhAvaprakAzikA ( tarkabhASA kI TIkA ) gopInAthaThAkura bhAvaprakAzikA ( Atmabodha kI TIkA ) bodhendra bhAvavilAsinI surottamatIrthaM vizvanAthapazcAnana bhAvArthadIpikA ( tarkabhASA kI TIkA ) gaurIkAnta bhASApariccheda bhASyavArtika ( zAMkarabhASyatAtparya ) nArAyaNasarasvatI bhASyavRtti ( Avazyaka sUtra kI TIkA ) hemacandra bhASyasUkti ( kaNAdasUtrabhASya kI TIkA ) 50 sa0 saM0 jagadIza viSaya dvaita vedAnta 33 mImAMsA 31 "1 "" 27 " advaita vedAnta "" dvaita vedAnta zeva-darzana vyAkaraNa dvaita vedAnta "3 nyAya-darzana dvaita vedAnta vyAkaraNa dvaita vedAnta nyAya-darzana advaitavedAnta dvaita vedAnta nyAya-darzana vaizeSika advaitavedAnta jaina darzana vaizeSika 785 samaya 1320 1550 1600 1670 1600 841 T 870 1760 1300 1780 1750 1650 1634 1600 1125 1590

Page #823
786 grantha bhASyotkarSa dIpikA bhAskarodayA ( tarkadIpikA prakAza kI TIkA ) lakSmInRsiMha bhUSaNa ( bhagavadgItAbhASya kI TIkA ) bhagavAnadAsa bhedadhikkAra bhedojjIvana " sarvadarzanasaMgrahe racayitA dhanapati bhImabhaTTa bhaimI ( paribhASenduzekhara kI TIkA ) bhairavI ( paribhASenduzekhara kI TIkA ) bhairava bhaiSajyasAra upendra makaranda ( padamaJjarI kI vyAkhyA) raGganAtha nRsiMhAzrama vAdirAja vyAsatIrthaM makaranda ( nyAyakusumAJjali kI TIkA ) rucidatta maJjarI ( kalpasUtra kI TIkA ) sahajakIrti maNiprabhA ( yogasUtra kI vRtti ) maNiprabhA (IzAdyaSTopaniSad kI TIkA ) amaradAsa maNiprabhA ( vedAntaparibhASA kI TIkA ) amaradAsa madhyamakAvatAra madhvavijaya madhvavijaya kI TIkA madhvasiddhAntasAra ( padArthasaMgraha kI TIkA ) manonmajjA ( vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa kI TIkA ) vanamAlI mathurAnAtha ( tatvadIdhiti kI TIkA ) mathurAnAtha manoramAkucarmAdinI manoramAkhaNDana rAmAnandasarasvatI madhuvAhinI (zivasUtra kI vRtti ) kallaTa madhyakaumudI (pANinisUtra kI vyAkhyA) varadarAja madhyakaumudI kI vyAkhyA jayakRSNamani nAgArjuna vedAGgatIrthaM ananta jagannAtha cakrapANizeSa viSaya advaita vedAnta vaizeSika viziSTAdvaitavedAnta advaitavedAnta dvaita vedAnta "7 vyAkaraNa " rasezvara vyAkaraNa nyAya-darzana jaina- darzana yoga-darzana advaitavedAnta advaita vedAnta vyAkaraNa nyAya-darzana pratyabhijJA vyAkaraNa "3 bauddha darzana dvaita vedAnta "" 17 vyAkaraNa vyAkaraNa samaya 1800 1850 1550 1260 1760 1780 1295 1630 1600 1670 1580 854 1620 1700 150 1650 1640

Page #824
grantha varadarAja mandasubodhinI ( mahAbhAratatAtparyanirNaya kI TIkA ) mayUkha ( tattvacintAmaNi kI TIkA ) zaMkaramizra mayUkhamAlikA ( zAstradIpikA kI TIkA mahAbhAratatAtparyanirNaya mahAbhAratatAtparyanirNaya kI TIkA ,, "" mahAbhAratapAJcarAtra mahAbhASya mahAbhASya TIkA mahAbhASya kI TIkA "" " mahAbhayapradIpa mahAyAnapraveza mahAyAnazraddhotpAdazAstra mahAyAnasaM parigrahazAstra mahAyAnasUtrAlaMkAra mahAvarAhapurANa "3 mANDavyazruti mANsyakArikA mANThakyakArikAbhASya mAdhyamakAlaMkAra mAdhyamakAvatAra pramukhadarzana granthAH racayitA zd somanAtha AnandatIrtha janArdana bhaTTa vAdirAja viTThalasUnu pataJjali hari ( bhartRhari) rAmakRSNAnanda zivarAmendra keTa sthiramati azvaghoSa asaGga 17 mahAvastu mahAvibhASA ( jJAnaprasthAnazAstra ) kAtyAyanIputra mahAvIracarita hemacandra mahopaniSad mATharavRtti mATharazruti mATharAcArya gauDapAda zaMkarAcArya zAntarakSita candrakIrti viSaya dvaita vedAnta nyAya-darzana mImAMsA dvaita vedAnta " 77 viziSTAdvaitavedAnta "" vyAkaraNa vyAkaraNa "" 37 bauddha darzana " vyAkaraNa I0 pU0 150 "" " dvaitavedAnta bauddha darzana " "3 "" jena-darzana dveta-vedAnta sAMkhya dvaita vedAnta advaita vedAnta "} bauddha darzana 787 samaya 1425 1540 1170 1320 0060 1100 250 120 320 17 1125 500 I 750 810 720 5.50

Page #825
788 grantha mAdhyamikakArikA ( candrakIrtikRta - prasannapadATIkA sahitA ) mAdhyamikakArikAbhASya mAdhyamikakArikAvRtti ( AkutobhayA ) "" 17 "} 21 mitAkSarA ( chAndogyabRhadAraNyaka kI vRtti ) mitAkSarA ( brahmasUtra kI vRtti ) mImAMsAnayaviveka ( sUtra kI vRtti ) mImAMsAnukramaNI mImAMsAnyAyaprakAza mImAMsAnyAyaprakAza kI TIkA mImAMsAparibhASA mImAMsAbAlaprakAza sarvadarzanasaMgrahe racayitA mAyAvAdakhaNDana mArgaparizuddhi mitaprakAzikA ( zrIbhASya kI TIkA ) parakAla mitabhASiNI ( nyAyasUtra kI vRtti ) mahAdevabhaTTa mitabhASiNI ( saptapadArthoM kI TIkA ) mAdhavasarasvatI mitavRttyarthasaMgraha ( sUtra kI vRtti ) udayana "" mUlamadhyamakArikA mUlamadhyamavRtti yatidharmasamuccaya yatIndramatadIpikA patyAcAra "" nAgArjuna Aryadeva Aryadeva kumArajIva buddhapAlita AnandatIrthaM yazovijaya nityAnanda annaMbhaTTa bhavanAtha maNDanamizra Apadeva anantadeva muktAphala muktAvalI ( bhASApariccheda kI TIkA) vizvanAthapaJcAnana muktAvalI kI TIkA kRSNayajvA zaMkarabhaTTa bopadeva kalyANa vindhyezvarIprasAda nAgArjuna buddhapAlita yAdavaprakAza zrInivAsadAsa laghupadmanandI viSaya bauddha darzana "" bauddha darzana 1:3 150 380 100 "" dvaitavedAnta 1170 jena-darzana 1500 viziSTAdvaita vedAnta 1390 nyAya-darzana 1530 vaizeSika 1350 vyAkaraNa 984 "" advaita vedAnta mImAMsA 27 33 "1 " "} ?? 17 advaita vedAnta vaizeSika 11 bauddha darzana samaya 150 350 "" jena-darzana 1500 1360 825 1630 1670 - 1700 1180 1634 150 400 "" viziSTAdvaita vedAnta 1060 1350

Page #826
grantha yuktimallikA yuktyanuzAsana yogacandrikA ( yogasUtra kI vRtti) yogazAstra ( adhyAtmopaniSad ) yogasUtra yogasUtrabhASya yoga sUtralaghuvRtti yogasUtra kI vRtti yogasUtra kI vRtti "2 " "" "" "" "" "" yogasUtravRttisaMgraha yogAcArabhUmizAstra pramukhadarzana granthAH racayitA vAdirAja samantabhadra anantabhaTTa hemacandra pataJjali rayaNasAra rasakautuka rasacintAmaNi ranakSatramAlikA vyAsa nAgeza rasapaddhati rasaprakAza sudhAkara rasamaJjarI rasamuktAvalI jJAnAnanda vRddhabhoja vijJAnabhikSu bhAvAgaNeza asaGga yogAvalI ( tarkabhASA kI TIkA ) nAgeza bhavadeva mahAdevabhaTTa vRndAvanAcArya sadAziva bhaTTa aruNAcala udayaMkara ratnatraya vasubandhu ratnaprabhA ( zAMkarabhASya kI TIkA ) govindAnanda ratnaprabhA TippaNI kezavAnandasvAmI ratnArNava (siddhAntakaumudI kI vyAkhyA) kRSNamizra kundakunda mallAri madanAntadevasUri siMha mahAdeva yazodhara zAlinAtha vedyanRpasUnu viSaya dvaita vedAnta " yoga-darzana jaina- darzana yoga-darzana "" "7 " "1 "7 " " "1 "1 "" "" 37 bauddha darzana nyAya - zAstra bauddha darzana advaita vedAnta 77 vyAkaraNa jaina- darzana rasezvara - darzana " " "1 "" " "" 789 samaya -- 600 1125 1714 600 1550 1575 1630 1725 320 1714 330 1570 1750 25. 1604 1708 1260 1657

Page #827
790 grantha rasaratnapradIpa rasaratnasamuccaya rasaratnAkara rasarAjalakSmI rasasAra rasahRdaya rasArNava rasendracintAmaNi rasendracUDAmaNi rasezvara siddhAnta rahasyatraya " rahasyatrayaculuka ( rahasyatraya kI TIkA ) rahasyatraya kI TIkA rahasyatrayasAra rAjamArtaNDa ( yogasUtra kI vRtti ) rAjavArtika ( tattvArthAdhigamasUtra kI TIkA ) rANaka rAmAnuja siddhAntasAra rAvaNabhASya ( kaNAdasUtra bhASya ) rudrayAmala raudrI ( muktAvalI kI TIkA ) lakSaNamAlA lakSaNasaMgraha lakSaNAvalI laghukaumudI ( sUtra kI vyAkhyA ) aartaa kI vyAkhyA sarvadarzanasaMgrahe racayitA bedyanupasUnu vAgbhaTAcArya nAgArjuna viSNudeva govindAcArya govindabhagavatpAdAcArya ---- rAmacandra somadeva "1 rAmAnuja ( 1019-1139 ) agragosvAmI veGkaTanAtha agnisvAmI vedAntAcArya bhojarAja somezvara varadAcArya - ------ rudra zivAditya ratneza udayana varadarAja jayakRSNamonI viSaya rasezvara - darzana "7 37 "" " "7 "" 73 "" 17 76 viziSTAdvaitavedAnta "" " "1 vi0 ve0 "1 yoga-darzana "1 vaizeSika rasezvaradarzana vaizeSika vyAkaraNa vaizeSika vyAkaraNa samaya 1.275 400 -- 1400 780 jaina-darzana viziSTAdvaitavedAnta 1500 1120 550 1735 1415 1320 1100 1021 1650 1050 984 1620 1700

Page #828
pramukhadarzana granthAH grantha racayitA laghucandrikA (advaitasiddhi kI TIkA ) brahmAnandasarasvatI laghu darpaNA ( vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra kI TIkA ) mantudeva laghunyAsa ( zabdAnuzAsana kI TIkA ) devendra laghubhUSaNa kAnti ( vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa sAra kI TIkA ) laghumaJjUSA laghumaJjUSA kI TIkA laghuvimarzanI laghuzabdenduzekhara ( kaumudI kI vyAkhyA ) laghuzabdenduzekhara kI vyAkhyA laGkAvatAra lalitavistara nAgeza rAjArAma zAkyamuni vasubandhu lAsI ( bhagavadgItA kI TIkA ) rAjAnakalAsaka lIlAvatI ( kaNAdasUtrabhASya kI TIkA ) zrIvatsAcArya lokaprakAza vinayavijaya vaMzI ( paramalaghumaJjUSA kI TokA) vaMzIdhara mizra azvaghoSa vajrasUcI vardhamAnendu ( nyAyanibandhaprakAza kI TIkA ) vAkyapadIya ( mahAbhASya kI dArzanika vyAkhyA) harivallabha nAgeza vAkyapadIya vyAkhyA vAkyavRtti ( tarkasaMgraha kI TIkA ) rAjArAma dIkSita abhinavagupta padyanAbha hari ( bhartRhari ) helarAja aura puNyarAja meruzAstrI vAkyavRtti zaMkarAcArya vAkyazruti ( aparokSAnubhava kI TIkA ) vizvezvara vAkyArtha candrikA ( nyAyasudhA kI TIkA ) dAdAvalI vidyAdhIza jayatIrtha viSaya advaita vedAnta vyAkaraNa jaina- darzana vyAkaraNa 73 pratyabhijJA "" vyAkaraNa bauddha darzana "} "" pratyabhijJA vaizeSika jena-darzana vyAkaraNa bauddha darzana "" nyAyazAstra vyAkaraNa vyAkaraNa vaizeSika advaita vedAnta "" dvaitavedAnta 791 samaya 1565 1760 1271 1700 1714 1760 1000 1714 1760 300 --- 1025 1652 1950 120 666 1808 810 1320 1193-1268

Page #829
792 grantha vAditrayakhaNDana vAyavIya saMhitA vArarucasaMgraha ( sUtra kI vRtti ) vArtikapATha vidvanmanoraJjanI ( vedAntasAra kI TIkA ) vidvanmanoharA ( sUtra kI vRtti ) vidhirasAyana vAsavI ( bhagavadgItA kI TIkA ) vasugupta vizakArikAprakaraNa vasubandhu vikAza ( nyAyakusumAJjali kI TIkA ) gopInAtha maunI vicAraratnasaMgraha jayasoma vijJAnakAya devakakSema vidhiviveka virmAzinI ( zivajJAnabodha-sUtravRtti kI vyAkhyA ) vivaraNa ( nyAyakusumAJjali 37 vivaraNa ( laghuzabdenduzekhara kI vyAkhyA ) vivaraNa kI TIkA vivaraNapaJjikA yA nyAsa "" ( kAzikA kI vyAkhyA ) sarvadarzanasaMgrahe racayitA veGkaTanAtha jayarAma kI TIkA ) vivaraNa ( bhASyapradIpa kI TIkA ) nArAyaNa vivaraNabhAvaprakAzikA vivaraNaprameyasaMgraha vivRti ( zrIbhASya kI TIkA ) vararuci kAtyAyana viveka ( nyAyakusumAJjali kI TIkA ) rAmatIrtha mahAdevatIrtha appayadIkSita maNDana mizra kSemarAja rAmacandrasarasvatI bhAskara zAstrI abhyaMkara kRSNabhaTTa jinendrabuddhi nRsiMhamuni mAdhavAcArya vAsudevazAstrI abhyaMkara guNAnanda viSaya viziSTAdvaitavedAnta pAzupata zeva-darzana vyAkaraNa 31 pratyabhijJAdarzana bauddha darzana nyAya-darzana jaina-darzana bauddha darzana advaitavedAnta mImAMsA 37 " zaiva darzana nyAyadarzana vyAkaraNa vyAkaraNa vyAkaraNa advaitavedAnta vyAkaraNa anta " viziSTAdvaitavedAnta nyAyadarzana samaya 1320 - I0 pU0 300 820 300 11 1600 1625 1530 825 1020 1 1810 I 940 1500 1350 1916

Page #830
grantha viveka-cUDAmaNi vivekavilAsa viziSTAdvaitasaMgraha vizuddhimArga vizeSAvazyakabhASya ( Avazyaka sUtra kI TIkA ) vizvarUpanibandha viSamapadatAtparya viSamI ( kaustubha kI vyAkhyA ) viSamI ( laghuzabdenduzekhara kI vyAkhyA ) viSayavAkyadIpikA viSNutattvanirNaya viSNupurANa kI TIkA vItarAgastuti vItarAgastuti kI TIkA vedAntakalpalatikA vedAntakaumudI vedAntacintAmaNi vedAntatattvasAra vedAntadIpa ( brahmasUtra kI vRtti ) vedAntaparibhASA vedAntaparibhASA kI TIkA "3 vedAntamuktAvalI "" 7) vedAntamuktAvalI kI TIkA vedAntarakSA pramukhadarzanapramyAH racayitA zaMkarAcArya jinadattasUri rAmakRSNa buddhaghoSa jinabhadrakSamAzramaNa vizvarUpa laghu samantabhadra nAgeza rAghavAcArya raGgarAja AnandatIrtha nAthamuni hemacandra prabhAnanda madhusUdana sarasvatI advayAraNyamuni zuddhAnandasarasvatI vidyendra sarasvatI rAmAnuja dharmarAjAdhvarIndra rAmakRSNAvarIndra dhanapati prakAzAnanda brahmAnandasarasvatI rAmasubrahmaNya nArAyaNamuni svayaMprakAzAnanda vedAntavacanabhUSaNa ( zAMkara sarasvatI bhASya kI TIkA ) vedAntasAra ( brahmasUtra kI vRtti ) rAmAnuja viSaya advaitavedAnta jena-darzana viziSTAdvaitavedAnta bauddhadarzana jena-darzana vyAkaraNa jena-darzana vyAkaraNa 33 viziSTAdvaita vedAnta dvaitavedAnta vi0 ve0 jaina darzana jainadarzana advaitavedAnta " "7 "} viziSTAdvaitavedAnta advaitavedAnta "1 17 1. vii "3 31 793 samaya 810 1220 -- 400 1520 1740 1714 1820 1350 1170 1125 1320 1560 1580 1320 1700 1080 1560 19 sadA saddhamaM puNDa 700

Page #831
794 sarvadarzanasaMgraha samaya 1560 1870 1080 1640 1640 1820 1670 1660 vaiyAsikanyAyamAlA 1350 - 1650 racayitA viSaya vedAntasAra sadAnanda advaitavedAnta vedAntasAra ko TIkA nRsiMhasarasvatI vedArthasaMgraha rAmAnuja viziSTAdvaitavedAnta vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa koNDabhaTTa vyAkaraNa vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra koNDabhaTTa vyAkaraNa vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra-TIkA mahAnanda vaiyAkaraNasarvasva ( sUtra kI vRtti ) / dharaNIdhara vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntaratnAkara rAmakRSNa vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntarahasya ( kaumudI kI vyAkhyA) nIlakaNTha vAsudeva mAdhavAcArya advaitavedAnta vyAkaraNaprakAza (nyAsavyAkhyA) mahAmitra vyAkaraNa vyAkaraNasudhAmahAnidhi ( sUtra kI vRtti) vizvezvara vyomavatI ( kaNAdasUtra bhASya kI TIkA) vyomazivAcArya vaizeSika zaMkarapAdabhUSaNa raghunAthazAstrI parvate advaitavedAnta zambhupaddhati zambhudeva zeva darzana zatadUSaNI mudgalasUri viziSTAdvaitavedAnta zatazAstra nAgArjuna bauddhadarzana zabdakaustubha ( sUtra kI vyAkhyA ) bhaTTojidIkSita vyAkaraNa zabdabhUSaNa ( sUtra kI vRtti) nArAyaNa zabdaratna ( manoramA kI vyAkhyA ) haridIkSita zabdaratnadIpa ( zabdaratna kI vyAkhyA ) kalyANadIpa zabdasudhA anantabhaTTa zabdAnuzAsana hemacandra jaina-darzana zabdAmRta ( sUtravivaraNa) viprarAjendra vyAkaraNa zAMkarI (paribhASenduzekhara kI TIkA) zaMkarabhaTTa vyAkaraNa zAkalyasaMhitApariziSTa dvaita vedAnta 980 1850 1550 150 1578 1125 1760

Page #832
pramukhadarzanagranthAH 795 viSaya mImAMsA samaya I0 pU0 100 advaitavedAnta 1200 810 . advaitavedAnta mImAMsA 900 1580 650 bauddha-darzana zeva-darzana pratyabhijJA-darzana ___880 880 1000 racayitA zAbarabhASya zabarasvAmI zAbarabhASyavArtika vAtikakAra zAbdanirNaya prakAzAtmamuni zArIrabhASya zaMkarAcArya zArIrabhASyaTIkA gopAlAnanda vizvaveda zAstradIpikA pArthasArathimizra zAstradIpikA kI vyAkhyA nArAyaNa zikSA-samuccaya zAntideva zivajJAnabodhasUtra kI vRtti nigamajJAnadezika zivadRSTi somAnanda zivadRSTi kI vRtti zivadRSTisUtra kI vRtti udayAkarasanu zivadRSTayAlocana ( zivadRSTi kI vRtti ) abhinavagupta zivapurANa zivasUtra vasugupta zivasUtra TIkA narezvara zivasUtravArtika bhAskara zivasUtravizinI kSemarAja zivArkamaNidIpikA (brahmasUtrabhASya kI TIkA) appayadIkSita zizubodhinI ( saptapadArthI kI TIkA ) bhairavendra ziSyahitA (:AvazyakasUtra ko TIkA ) haribhadra zaivasarvasvasAra vidyApati Thakkura zevasiddhAntadIpikA zambhudeva zrIbhASya ( brahmasUtrabhASya ) rAmAnuja zrIbhASya kI TIkA rAmAnanda sundararAja dIkSita zrutaprakAzikA ( zrIbhASya kI TIkA ) sudarzana zrutaprakAzikA kI TIkA raGgarAmAnuja varadaviSNu pAzupata zeva pratyabhijJA 810 1020. 1025 zeva-darzana 1530 vaizeSika darzana jaina-darzana zeva-darzana 1321 1550 viziSTAdvaitavedAnta 1060

Page #833
796 pratya prakAzikA kI TIkA zrutapradIpikA ( zrIbhASya kI TIkA ) sudarzana 37 zrutyantasuradruma zlokavArtika ( tattvArthAdhigamasUtra kI TIkA ) vidyAnanda zlokavArtika ( zAbarabhASya vArtika) kumArilabhaTTa SaTpraznopaniSadbhASya kI TIkA vivaraNa SaDdarzanavicAra SaDdarzanasamuccaya "3 SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI TIkA SaSTitantra SoDazapadArthI saMkSepabhASya saMkSepazArIraka saMkSepazArIraka kI TokA saMgItaparyAya saMgraha sarvadarzanasaMgrahe racayitA zrInivAsa bhAskara saMtAnAntarasiddhi saMdehadohAvalI saMmatitarkasUtra puruSottamaprasAda kI vyAkhyA ) sadAcArasmRti sadAzivabhaTTI ( laghuzabdenduzekhara kI vyAkhyA ) saddharmapuNDarIka maGkAladharmAcArya merutuGga rAjazekhara maladhArirAjazekhara haribhadra guNaratna vArSagaNya ( ? ) gaNezadAsa AnandatIrtha sarvajJAtmamUni puruSottama somayAjI zAriputra vyADi dharmakIrti jayasAgara siddhasena divAkara saMyuktAbhidharmazAstra satkriyA ( bhedadhikkAra kI TIkA ) nArAyaNAzrama satprakriyAvyAkRti ( prakriyAkaumudI vizvakarmA AnandatIrtha sadAziva bhaTTa ghule zAkyamuni viSaya viziSTAdvatavedAnta " "7 jena-darzana mImAMsA dvaitavedAnta jaina-darzana jena-darzana "" 31 sAMkhya darzana neyAyika dvaitavedAnta advaitavedAnta 37 bauddha darzana "" bauddha darzana advaita vedAnta vyAkaraNa tavedAnta samaya vyAkaraNa bauddha darzana 1220 - 800 760 vyAkaraNa I0 pU0 300 bauddhadarzana 635 jena-darzana 1400 450 1300 - 1348 900 1400 100 1570 1160 900 1560 1170 1790 #

Page #834
pramukhadarzanapanyAH 797 viSaya bauddhadarzana anya saddharmapuNDarIka kI TIkA saptadazabhUmisUtra saptapadArthI saptapadArthI kI TIkA samaya 300 320 1050 racayitA vasubandhu asaGga zivAditya jinavardhana sari balabhadra ananta bhAvavidyezvara zeSAnanta vaizeSika darzana vaizeSika darzana 1415 1550 1570 1608 hari siddhacandra vimaladAsa asaGgabhadra jaina-darzana bauddha-darzana 320 saptabhaGgItaraGgiNI samayapradIpa samayapradIpikA samayasAra samayasAra kI TIkA jaina-darzana jainadarzana kundakunda amRtacandra bAlacandra prabhAcandradeva jJAnacandra 905 1120 1275 bauddha-darzana vyAkaraNa tArAnAtha samayasAraprAbhUta samAdhirAja saralA (kaumudI kI vyAkhyA ) sarvArthasiddhi (tatvArthAdhigama kI TIkA) sarvopakAriNI (samAsasUtra kI vyAkhyA) sAMkhyakArikA sAMkhyakArikA kI TIkA pUjyapAda jaina-darzana 700 sAMkhya-darzana vibhAnanda IzvarakRSNa kulamuni kRSNamitra bhavadeva yogAnanda gauDapAdAcArya sAMkhya-darzana sAMkhyakArikA-bhASya

Page #835
798 sarvadarzanasaMgraha prantha samaya 500 850 1440 1600 1800 1575 1800 racayitA viSaya sAMkhyakArikA kI vRtti ( mAThara sAMkhya-darzana kI vRtti) mATharAcArya sAMkhyakomudI rAmakRSNa sAMkhyatattvakaumudI vAcaspatimizra sAMkhyatattvakaumudI kI TIkA jJAnAnanda zrIkRSNa bhAratIyati nArAyaNatIrtha vaMzIdhara svapnezvara sAMkhyatattvapradIpa kavipati sAMkhyatattvapradIpikA bhAvAgaNeza sAMkhyatattvayAthArthyadIpana ( sAMkhya samAsasUtra kI TIkA) sAMkhyatattvavilAsa raghunAtha sAMkhyatattvavivecana sImAnanda sAMkhyaparibhASA bhAvAgaNeza sAMkhyasamAsasUtra ( tattvasamAsasUtra ) kapila ( ?) sAMkhyasAra bhAvAgaNeza sAMkhyasAra viveka vijJAnabhikSu sAMkhya-darzana sAMkhyasUtra kapila (?) sAMkhyasUtrabhASya vijJAnabhikSu sAMkhyAcArya sAMkhyasUtravivaraNa yogAnanda sAMkhyasUtravivaraNa kRSNamizra sAMkhyasUtra kI vRtti aniruddha jJAnAmRta nAgeza rAmacandra sAMkhyasUtravRtti kI TIkA mahAdevAnanda sarasvatI sAkArasiddhi rasezvara-darzana 1575 1545 .:: :: :: :: ...... ... 1550 1550 - 1500 1714 1700

Page #836
grantha sAtvatasaMhitA sAraprakAzikA ( rahasyatrayasAra kI kI TIkA ) sArasaMgrahadIpikA sArAsvAdinI (rahasyatrayasAra kI TIkA ) sArvabhaumanirukti " 37 "} siddhAntacandrikA siddhAntakaumudI ( sUtra kI vyAkhyA ) bhaTTojidIkSita siddhAntakaumudI kI vyAkhyA "1 37 "" " siddhAntacandrikA ( zAstradIpikA kI vyAkhyA ) siddhAntacandrodaya ( tarkasaMgraha kI TIkA ) "7 17 siddhitraya sukhAvatIvyUha subodhinI ( siddhAntacandrikA kI TIkA ) pramukhadarzanapranthAH racayitA parakAla 17 madhusUdanasarasvatI gopAladezika vAsudeva sArvabhauma indradatta lakSmInRsiMha vizvezvaratIrtha vAsudeva rAmacandrAzrama rAmabhadrAzrama siddhAntadIpa ( saMkSepa - zArIraka vizvaveda kI TIkA ) siddhAntabindu ( dazazlokI kI TIkA ) madhusUdanasarasvatI siddhAntabindu kI TIkA saccidAnanda siddhAntaleza appayadIkSita siddhAntaleza ko TIkA dharmayya dIkSita siddhAntaleza - TIkA rAmakRSNa kRSNa dhUrjaTi rAmacandra vizvanAthatIrthaM yAmunAcArya zAkyamuni sadAnanda zaMkarabhaTTa viSaya viziSTAdva tavedAnta "1 atavedAnta viziSTAdvaitavedAnta neyAyika-darzana vyAkaraNa "" "1 "" 33 jaina-darzana vyAkaraNa mImAMsA vaizeSika adva eta-vedAnta " "1 " "2 ata-vedAnta 13 viziSTAdva tavedAnta bauddha-darzana jena-darzana mImAMsA 799 samaya 1390 1560 1457 1578 - 1765 | | | | 1500 1 I 1560 1580 1600 1730 1040 --L 1700

Page #837
800 grantha subodhinI ( sUtra kI vRtti ) "" "9 "" "" " sUtrapATha sUtrapiTaka " ( gItA kI TIkA ) zrIdhara " surakalpataru ( tarkadIpikA kI TIkA ) zrInivAsa suvarNaprabhAsa suhRllekha sUtra sUtravArtika sUtravArtikapATha sUtra kI vRtti "" "7 31 17 "" " 17 " " ,, "7 37 sUtravRtti sarvadarzanasaMgrahe racayitA nIlakaNThadevajJa dAmodara bhaTTa kRSNamaunI ( kaumudI kI vyAkhyA ) ( vedAntasAra kI TIkA ) dayAzaMkara nRsiMhasarasvatI nAgArjuna bRhaspati jemini pANini zAkyamuni vyAghrabhUti vararuci upavarSa hari karavinda svAmI prabhAkara bhartRmitra bhavadAsa vAcaspati mizra veGkaTAcArya zrInivAsAdhvari vallabhAcArya logAkSibhAskara nAgeza kuNi viTThala zivarAmendra viSaya mImAMsA vyAkaraNa ata-vedAnta "7 vaizeSika bauddha darzana 13 cArvAka mImAMsA vyAkaraNa bauddha darzana vyAkaraNa " mImAMsA 17 " "" "" "" 12 " " "7 "7 " 11 "7 " " vyAkaraNa samaya 1750 " - 1700 1760 1870 150 I0 pU0 500 400 - 300 400 100 775 1 841 1360 1525 1640 1714 740 1

Page #838
sUtravRtti "" grantha 11 vRtti kI TIkA sUtrAlaMkAra sezvaramImAMsA ( sUtra kI vRtti ) sauparNazruti saurabheyAgama stotrAvalI snehapUrti ( vedArthasaMgraha kI TIkA ) spandakArikA spandanirNaya spandapradIpikA ( spandakArikA kI TIkA ) spandavivRti spandavRtti ( spandasarvasva, spandakArikA kI TIkA ) spandasandoha ( spandakArikA kI TIkA ) spandasUtravArtika ( spandakArikA kI TIkA ) spandAmRta sphoTa siddhinyAyavicAra syAdvAdamaJjarI ( vItarAgastuti kI TIkA ) syAdvAdaratnAkara ( vItarAgastuti kI TIkA ) svAdhiSThAnaprabheda hanumadIyA ( tattvacintAmaNi kI TIkA ) hastabala pramukhadarzanapranthAH racayitA sIradeva annaMbhaTTa rAmacandra bhaTTatAre 51 sa0 saM0 jayanta azvaghoSa vedAntadezika utpalAcArya rAmamizra kallaTa kSemarAja utpala vaiSNava rAmakaNTha kallaTa kSemarAja bhAskara vasugupta malliSeNa devasari Aryadeva hanumAna Aryadeva viSaya vyAkaraNa 33 "" 13 bauddha darzana mImAMsA dvaitavedAnta zeva-darzana pratyabhijJA viziSTAdvaitavedAnta pratyabhijJA 11 37 37 77 "7 71 " vyAkaraNa jaina-darzana bauddha darzana nyAya - darzana bauddha darzana 801 samaya 1200 1690 1750 --- 120 1350 910 854 1025 950 854 1025 1020 820 1292 1140 300 300

Page #839
pariziSTa - 2 pramukha dArzanika aura unakI kRtiyA~ 1 akalaGkadeva -- 750 | jaina - 1 tattvArthAdhigamasUtra kI TIkA ( tattvArthavArtikAlaMkAra ), 2. AptamImAMsA kI TIkA ( aSTazatI ) | 2 akSapAda ( gautama ) 300 I0 pU0 / nyAya - 2 - sUtra | 3 akhaNDAnanda sarasvatI - 1580 | advaitavedAnta - 1. vivaraNa kI TIkA ( tattvadIpana ), 2. brahmasUtravRtti ( RjuprakA zikA ), 3. muktisopAna, 4. advaitaratnakoza / 4 aghora zivAcArya - 1150 | zaiva-tattvaprakAza kI TIkA / 5. acyutakRSNAnandatIrtha - - ? | a0 6 acyutarAya moDaka - - 1800 | a0 a 7 advayAraNyamuni - 1580 / a0 ve 8 advaitAnanda sarasvatI - 1225 | bharaNa ), 2. Atmabodha kI TIkA ( AdhyAtmacandrikA ) | 9 ananta - - 1150 | vi0 0 - 1. prapannAmRta ( rAmAnujacarita), 2. brahmalakSaNanirUpaNa / 0-- viddhAntaleza kI TIkA ( kRSNAlaMkAra ) / ve0 -- paJcadazI kI TIkA | vedAntakaumudI / a0 ve0 - - 1. zArIrabhASya kI TIkA ( brahmavidyA 10 ananta - - ( padmAnAbhaputra ) ? | dvai0 -- padArthasaMgraha kI TIkA ( mavvasiddhAntasAra ) / 11 ananta - 1570 / nyAya - padamaJjarI / ve0 - saptapadArthoM kI TIkA / 12 ananta - 1660 / vyA0- - siddhAntakaumudI kI vyAkhyA / 13 anantakRSNazAstrI - 1940 / a0 ve0 - zatabhUSaNI tathA anya grantha | 14 anantadeva - 1670 | mI0 - mImAMsAnyAyaprakAza kI vRtti / 15 anantabhaTTa - ? | vyA - zabdasudhA / yoga - yogacandrikA | 16 anantavIrya - 1439 / jaina - parIkSAmukha kI TIkA ( laghuvRtti ) / 17 aniruddha - 1500 | sAMkhya sUtravRtti / 18 annaMbhaTTa - 1690 | vai0 - narkasaMgraha aura usakI TIkA ( prAyaH 20 TIkAyeM ) 1 / vyA0 - aSTAdhyAyI sUtravRtti / 1. tarkasaMgraha ke TIkAkAra - annaMbhaTTa (dIpikA), nIlakaNTha ( 1=30 dIpikAprakAza ), hi (1850 dIpakaprakAza kI TIkA ), zrInivAsa ( tarkadIpikA ko TIkA), govardhana (sAvavodhinI), kRSNadhUrjaTi, candrasiMha, vindhyezvarIprasAda, kSamAkalyANa, murAri ( 1710), mukunda bhaTTa ( 1715 ), meNAstrI 2-20 ) jadi /

Page #840
dArzanikAstatkRtayazca 19 abhaTTa - 1500 / a0 ve0 - sUtravRtti ( mitAkSarA ) / 20 appayadIkSita - 1530 - 80 / zaiva - zivArkamaNidIpikA / mImAMsA - vidhirasAyana / a0 ve0 - 2. kalpataru kI TIkA ( parimala ), 2. siddhAntaleza, 3. nmAyamuktAvalI / 21 abhayatilaka-- 1050 | nyA0 - nyAyavRtti / 22 abhinavagupta - 1000 / pratya0 - 1. pratyabhijJAvRtti kI TIkA ( virmAzinI ) - laghu aura vRhat / 2. zivadRSTi ko vRtti ( Alocana ), 3. parAtriMzikAvivaraNa, 4. tantrAloka, 5. tantrasAra, 6. tantravaTadhAnikA, 7. paramArthasAra, 8. bodhapazcadazikA | 803 23 amaradAsa --- ? | a0 ve0 - 1, IzAdi ATha upaniSadoM kI vRttiyA~ ( maNiprabhA ), 2. vedAntaparibhASA kI zikhAmaNi- TIkA para vRtti ( maNiprabhA ) / 24 amalAnanda - 1250 / a0 ve0 - bhAmatI kI TIkA ( kalpataru ) / 25 amRtacandra - 905 / jaina - 1. pravacanasAra kI TIkA ( adhyAtmataraMgiNI ), 2. paJcA - stikAya kI TIkA, 3. samayasAra kI TIkA ( AtmakhyAti ) / 4. tattvArthasAra, 5. puruSArthasiddhyupAya | 26 amoghavarSa - 850 / jaina - praznottaramAlA / 27 aruNAcala - ? | yogasUtravRtti ( yoga ) / - 28 arjunamizra - 1670 | arthasaMgraha kI TIkA ( mImAMsA ) | 29 azvaghoSa - 120 / bauddha - 1. jJAnaprasthAnaTIkA ( = mahAvibhASA kI TIkA ), 2. sUtrAlaMkAra, 3. vajrasUcI, 4. mahAyAna zraddhotpAdazAstra, 5. buddhacarita / '" 30 asaGga - 320 | vau0 - 1, yogAcArabhUmizAstra, 2. saptadazabhUmisUtra, 3. mahAyAna - sUtrAlaMkAra, 4. mahAyAnasaMparigrahazAstra, 5. uttaratantra / 31 asaMgabhadra - 320 / bI-1. samayapradIpa, 2. nyAyAnusAra / 32 AtmadevapazvAnana - 1720 a0 ve0 - abhedAkhaNDacandramA | 33 Anandagiri - 825 / a0 ve0 - 1. zAMkarabhASyavyAkhyA, 2. gItAbhASyaTIkA / 34 AnandatIrtha - (madhva, pUrNaprajJa ) - 1120-1199 / dveta0 - 1. upaniSadbhASya, 2. saMkSepabhASya, 3. brahmasUtrabhASya, 4. gItAbhASya, 5. pramANalakSaNa, 6. kathAlakSaNa 7. upAdhikhaNDana, 8. mAyAvAdakhaNDana, 9. prapaMcamithyAtvakhaNDana, 10. tattvasaMkhyAna, 11. tattvaviveka, 12. tatvodyota, 13. karmanirNaya, 14. viSNutattvanirNaya, 15. RgbhASya, 16. nyAyavivaraNa, 17. kRSNAmRtamahArNava, 18. tantrasArasaMgraha, 19. sadAcArasmRti, 20. mahAbhAratatAtparyanirNaya, 21. bhAgavatatAtparyanirNaya, 22. gItAtAtparyanirNaya / 35 AnandapUrNa - 1600 / a0 ve paMcapAdikA kI TIkA / 36 Anandabodha -- 1200 ? / a0 ve0 - nyAyamakaranda | 37 Apadeva - 1630 / mImAMsA - mImAMsAnyAyaprakAza !

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804 sarvadarzanasaMgraha 38 Aryadeva-350 / bauddha-1. mUlamAdhyamikakArikAbhASya, 2. bodhisatvayogAcAra catuHzataka, 3. svAdhiSThAnaprabheda, 4. cittazuddhiprakaraNa, 5. hastabala / 39 Izvara kRSNa-100-200 / sAMkhya-sAMkhyakArikA / 40 utpalavaiSNava-970 / pratyabhijJA-spandakArikA kI TIkA ( spandapradIpikA ) / 41 utpalAcArya--210 / pratya0-1. zivadRSTi kI vRtti, 2. pratyabhijJA-TIkA, 3. pratyabhijJAvivaraNa, 4. siddhitrayI, 5. zivastotrAvali / 42 udayaMkara-1720 / vyAkaraNa-1. laghuzabdenduzekhara kI vyAkhyA ( jyotsnA ), 2. paribhASApradIpAci / yoga-yogasUtravRtti / 43 udayana-284 / nyAya-1. nyAyAvatikatAtparya kI TIkA ( parizuddhi ) / 2. Atma natvaviveka ( bauddhadhikkAra ) 3. nyAyakusumAJjali' / vaize-1. prazastapAda ke padArtha dharmasaMgraha kI TIkA (kiraNAvalI ) / 44 udyprbhdev--?| jaina-AraMbhasiddhi / 45 udayAkarasUnu-? / pratya0-zivadRSTisUtravRtti / 46 udyotakara-635 / nyA0-nyAyavartika ( vAtsyAyanabhASya pr)| 47 upamanyu-1830 / vyA0-kAzikATIkA ( tattvavimarzinI ) / 48 upavarSa-200 I0 pU0 / mImAMsA-mImAMsAsUtravRtti / 49 umAsvAti (mI)--50 / jaina-tattvArthAdhigamanUtra / 50 kaNAda-100 I0 pU0 / vai0-sUtra / 51 kapila-? / sAMkhya-1. sUtra ( aprApta ), 2. tattvasamAsa (?) / 52 kamalAkara-1590 / mI0-tantravAtikavyAkhyA / 53 kalyANamalla-? / vyAkaraNa-zabdaratnavyAkhyA / 54 kalyANarakSita-? / bauddha-IzvarabhaGgakArikA ! 55 kallaTa-854 / pratya0-zivasUtravRtti ( tatvArthacintAmaNi yA madhuvAhinI ) / 56 kavipati --? / sAMkhya-sAMkhyatattvapradIpa / 57 kAtyAyana-( vararuci )-300 I0 pa0 / vyAkaraNa-sUtravArtika / 58 kAtyAyanIputra-? / bauddha-abhidharmajJAnaprasthAnasUtra ( mahAvibhASA ) / 59 kundakunda-( padmanandi, elAcArya, vakragrIva )-25 / jaina-1. pravacanasAra, 2. paMcAstikAyamamayasAra, 3. dvAdazAnuprekSA, 4. rayaNAsAra, 5. samayaprAbhRta / 1. ( 43 ) nyAyakumumAMjali ke TIkAkAra-vardhamAna ( 1225), rucidatta ( 1295), varadarAja ( 1400 ), vAmancaja, guNAnanda, gopInAthamoni, jayarAma, candranArAyaNa / Atmatatvaviveka ke TIkAkAra--vardhamAna, mathurAnAtha ( 1580), haridAsamizra ( 1590 ) /

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dArzanikAstatkRtayazca 60 kuppuzAstrI - 1750 / vyAkaraNa - paribhASAbhAskara / 61 kumArajIva - 380 | bauddha-mUlamAdhyamikakArikA - bRtti / 62 kumAravedAntAcArya - 1420 / vi0 ve0 - 1. nyAyatilaka kI TIkA, 2. tattvatraya culuka kI TIkA / 63 kumArilabhaTTa - 760 / mI0-zabarabhASya kI TIkA ( zlokavArtika, tantravArtika, TuTIkA ] / 805 64 kUranArAyaNa - 1380 / vi0 ve0 - upaniSad vRtti / 65 kRSNa bhaTTa ? | a0 ve0 - vivaraNa kI TIkA / 66 kRSNAtAtAcArya - 1450 / vi0 ve0 - nyAyasiddhAJjana kI TIkA / 67 kRSNadeva - 620 / bauddha - madhyamapratItyasamutlAda / 68 kRSNadhUrjaTi - 1 | ve0 - tarkasaMgraha kI TIkA ( siddhAntacandrodaya ) | - 69 kRSNamizra - 1700 / vyA0 - 1. zabdakaustubha kI vyAkhyA ( bhAvadIpa ), 2. manoramA TIkA ( kalpalatA ), 3. laghumaMjUSA kI TIkA ( kuJjikA ) / sAM0- 1. sAMkhyakArikA vyAkhyA, 2. sAMkhyasUtra vivaraNa / 70 kRSNamauni - 1700 / vyA0 - siddhAntakaumudI kI vyAkhyA ( subodhinI ) | 71 kRSNayajvA - ? | mImAMsA --mImAMsAparibhASA | / 72 kRSNazeSa - 1520 | vyAkaraNa - padacandrikA | 73 kezavamizra - 1250 / nyAya - tarkabhASA ( prAyaH 25 TIkAoM se sammAnita ) / ' 74 kaiyaTa - - 1100 / vyA0 - mahAbhASya kI vyAkhyA ( pradIpa ) / 75 koNDabhaTTa - 1640 | vyA0- 1. vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa, 2. bhUSaNasAra ( prAyaH 8 TIkAyeM ) / 76 kSemendra - 1080 / bau0 - bodhisattvAvadAnakalpalatA / 77 khaNDadeva-1670 ! mI0 - sUtravRtti ( bhATTadIpikA ) | 78 gaGgAdhara sarasvatI - 1675 / a0 ve0 - siddhAntaleza kI TIkA ( binduzIkara ) 1 79 gaGgeopAdhyAya - 1175 / nyAya - tattvacintAmaNi ( navyanyAya kA pravartaka ) / 0 gaNezadAsa - 1570 / nyAya - SoDazapadArtho / 80 1. ( 73 ) tarkabhASA kI TIkA likhane vAle - cinaMbhaTTa ( 1350), veMkaTAcArya, rAmaliMga ( 1460 ), govardhana ( 1570), murAri ( 1610), zubhavijaya ( 1610 ), vizvanAtha ( 1634 ), gaurIkAnta ( 1650), mAdhavadeva ( 1655 ), siddhacandra ( 1740 ), mAdhavabhaTTa ( 1770 ), gaNezadIkSita ( 1780), vAgIza, kauDinyadIkSita, balabhadra, guDubhaTTa, gopInAthamauni, bhAskara, gopInAthaThakkura, caitanyabhaTTa, nAgeza ( 1714 ), dinakara, gaMgAdharabhaTTa, nArAyaNa Adi /

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806 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe81 gadAdhara-1650 / nyAya-tattvadIdhiti kI TIkA ( gdaadhrii)| vyAkaraNa-1. kAraka-nirNaya, 2. upasargavicAra / 82 guNabhadra-900 / jaina-AtmAnuzAsana / 83 guNamati-370 / bauddha-abhidharmabodha kI TIkA / 84 guNaratna-1400 / tarkarahasyadIpikA ( -- SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI TIkA ), 85 gopAladezika-? / vi0 ve0--rahasyatrayasAra kI ttiikaa| 86 govindabhagavatpAda-780 / rasezvara-rasahRdaya / a0 ve0-advaitAnubhUti / 87 govindAcArya-1400 / rase0-rasasAra / 88 govindAnanda-1570 / a0 ve0-zArIrabhASya kI ratnaprabhA-TIkA / 89 gauDapAdAcArya-750 / zeva-1. zaktisUtra, 2. subhagodaya / sAMkhya-kArikabhASya / a0 ve0-maanndduukykaarikaa| 90 gautama-de0 akSapAda / 91 cakrapANizeSa-1640 / vyA0-manoramAkhaNDana / 92 caNDamArutamahAcArya-1410 / vi0 ve0-1. zrIbhASya-TIkA, 2. zatadUSAdi TIkA / 93 cnnddeshvr-?| a0 ve0 -aparokSAnubhava kI TIkA / 94 cturbhuj-?| rase0-ramahRdaya kI TIkA / 95 candrakAnta-1880 / ve0-kaNAdasUtravRtti / 96 candrakIti-550 / bauddha-1. mUlamadhyamakArikA vRtti (prasannapadA ), 2. mAdhyama kAvatAra / 97 candragomi-625 / bauddha-nyAyAlokasiddhi / 98 candraprabha-1100 / jena-nyAyAvatAra ko TIkA / 99 candrasUri-1160 / jena-nandisUtra kI vyAkhyA ( durgapada ) / 100 citsukhAcArya-1225 / a0 ve0-1. khaNDanakhaNDakhAdya kI TIkA, 2. pratyaktattva pradIpikA ( citsukhI ), 3. neSkayaMsiddhi kI TIkA, 4. zArIrakabhASya TIkA, 5. brahmasiddhi kI TIkA / 101 cUDAmaNi--? / nyAya-nyAyasiddhAntamaJjarI / 102 jagadIza-1590 / nyAya-tattvadIdhiti para TippaNI ( jAgadIzI ) / 103 jagannAtha-1650 / vyA0- mnormaakucdinii| 104 janArvanabhaTTa-1320 / dvaita-bhAgavatatAtparyanirNaya kI ttiikaa| 105 jayakRSNamoni-( kRSNamoni )-1700 / vyA0-1. laghukaumudI vyAkhyA, 2. madhyakaumudI vyAkhyA, 3. siddhAntakaumudI vyAkhyA ( subodhinI ) / 106 jayatIrtha-1193-1268 / dvaita-1. AnandatIrtha ke granthoM kI TIkAyeM, 2. candrikA, 3. pramANapaddhati, 4. vAdAvalI /

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dArzanikAstatkRtayazca 107 jayadevamizra-1278 / nyAya-tattvacintAmaNi kI TIkA ( tattvAloka ) / 108 jayanArAyaNa-? / vai0-kaNAdasUtravRtti / 109 jayanta-880 / nyAya--1. nyAyamaMjarI ( nyAyasUtra kI vRtti); 2. nyAyakalikA / 110 jayanta-1580 / vyAkaraNa-prakriyAkomudI kI gANyA ( tanvacandra ) / 111 jayaratha-1970 / pratya0-tantrAloka kI TIkA / 112 jayarAma-? | nyAya-1. kusumAMjali kI TIkA, 2. nyAyasiddhAntamAlA / 113 jayavijaya-1450 / jaina-nayopadezaprakaraNa / 114 jayazekhara-1508 1 jana-upadezacintAmaNi / 115 jayasAgara-1400 / jaina-sandehadohAvali / 116 jayasiMha-? / nyAya-nyAyasAraTIkA (tAtparyadIpikA ) / 117 jayasena- jaina-dharmaratnAkara / 118 jayasoma-1600 / jena-vicArarattasaMgraha / 119 jayAditya auha vAmana-870 / vyAkaraNa--aSTAdhyAyI TIkA ( kAgikA ) / 120 jAnakInAtha bhaTTAcArya-1300 / nyAya-nyAyasiddhAnnamaJjarI ( prAyaH 8 TokAyeM ) / 121 jinadattasUri-1220 / jaina-vivekavilAsa / 122 jinabhadra-600 / jana-Avazyakastra-niyuktimAya / 123 jinavardhanasUri-1415 / vai0 -saptapadArthI (zivAdityalikhita ) ko TokA / 124 jinahaMsa-1550 / jaina--AcArAGgasUtra ko TIkA ( pradIpikA ) / 125 jinendrabaddhi-940 / vyAkaraNa-kAzikA kI vyAkhyA ( vivaraNapaMcikA yA nyAsa ) 126 jIvarAja-1450 / nyAya-1. tarkakArikA, 2. tarkamaMjarI / 127 jaimini-600 I0 pU0 / mImAMsA-mImAMsAsUtra ( dshlkssnnii)| 128 jJAnacandra -1720 / jaina-samayasAra kI TIkA / 129 jJAnacandra--1350 / jaina-ratnAkarAvatArikA kI TIkA ( paMjikA ) / 130 jJAnacandra-600 / vai0-dazapadArthI / 131 jJAnapUrNa-? / nyAya-tArkikarakSA kI TIkA / 132 jJAnasAgara-1380 / jaina-AvazyakasUtra kI TIkA ( jJAnasAgarI) 133 jJAnAnanda-? / sAMkhya-sAMkhyatattvakaumudI ko TIkA / yoga-yogasUtra kI vRtti / 134 jJAnAmRta-? / sAMkhya-sAMkhyasUtravRtti / / 135 jJAnendrasarasvatI-1640 / vyA0-siddhAntakaumudI kI vyAkhyA ( tattvabodhinI ) 136 jJAnottamamizra-? / a0 ve0 -1. iSTasiddhi kI TIkA, 2. nepkarmAsiddhi kI TokA (candrikA ) / 137 TaMkAcArya-? / vi0 ve0 -brahmamUtra kI vRtti|

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808 sarvadarzanasaMpahe 138 tammaNAcArya-? / dveta-kRSNAmRta-mahArNava kI TIkA ( nyAyavivaraNa ) / 139 tarkacUDAmaNi-? / nyAya-tattvacinAmaNi kI TIkA ( prakAza ) / 140 tArAnAtha-? / vyA0-siddhAntakaumudI kI vyAkhyA ( saralA ) / 141 tilakAcArya-1240 / jai0-AvazyakasUtra kI TIkA / 142 trilocana -? / ve -muktAvalI TIkA ( trilocnii)| . 143 dayAzaMkara-1760 / a0.30-vedAnnasAra kI TIkA ( subodhinI ) / 144 dAmodarabhaTTa -? / mI0--sUtravRtti ( subodhinI ) / 145 diGnAga-400 / bauddha--1. pramANasamuccaya, 2. AlambanaparIkSA, 3. nyAyapraveza, 4. pramANazAstrapraveza, 5. nayoddhAra, 6. nayamukha / 146 dinakara-1690 / nyA0-tarkabhASA kI TIkA ( kaumudI ) / mahAdeva ke sAtha milakara-muktAvalI kI TIkA ( dinakarI ) / 147 devakSema--? / bauddha--vijJAnakAya / 148 devadatta-1750 / rase0-dhAturatnamAlA / 149 devanandI-( jinendrabuddhi, pUjyapAda )-700 / tattvarthAdhigamasUtra kI TIkA ( sarvArtha siddhi)| 150 devaddhigaNi-430 / jaina-nandisUtra / 151 devasUri-1140 / jena--1. pramANanaya-tattvAlokAlaMkAra 2. usakI TIkA ( syA dvAdaratnAkara ) / 152 devendra-1271 / jena-zabdAnuzAsana TIkA [ laghunyAsa ] / 153 devendragaNi---1060 / jaina-utarAdhyayanasUtraTIkA / 154 devezvara-825 / de0-maNDanamizra / 155 dramiDAcArya-? / vi0 ve0-brahmasUtrabhASya / 156 dhanapati-1800 / a0 / ve0--1. gItA kI TIkA, 3. vedAntaparibhASA kI TIkA ( arthadIpikA ) / 157 dharaNIdhara--? / vyAkaraNa- pANinisUtravRtti ( vaiyAkaraNasarvasva ) / 158 dharmakIti--625 / bauddha-1. pramANasamuccaya kI TIkA ( pramANavAtika ), 2. santAnAntarasiddhi, 3. nyAyabindu, 4. pramANavinizcaya, 5. hetubindu, 6. sambandha parIkSA, 7. codanAkaraNa / 159 dharmayyadIkSita-1600 / a0 ve0-siddhAntaleza kI ttiikaa| 160 dharmarAjAdhvarIndra-1570 / a0 ve0-1. paJcapAdikA TIkA ( padadIpikA ), 2. vedAntaparibhASA / 161 dharmasAgara-1573 / jai0-prvcnpriikssaa|

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dArzanikAstatkRtayazca 809 162 dharmottara-850 / bo0--nyAyabindu kI TIkA / 163 nakulIza-(lakuzIza )--? / pAzu0---paJcArthasUtra ( pnycaadhyaayii)| 164 nandikezvara-? / zaiva-nandikezvarakArikA / 165 narahari-? / dvaita-brahmasUtrabhASya kI TIkA ( bhAvaprakAza ) / 166 nreshvr-?| zaiva-zivasUtra kI ttiikaa| 167 nAgArjuna-150 / vauddha-1. mUlamadhyamakArikA, 2. suhRllekha, 3. zatazAstra, 4. mAdhyamakAvatAra, 5. dharmasaMgraha / 168 nAgArjuna-400 / rase0--rasaratnAkara / 169 nAgeza--1714 / nyAya--1. nyAyasUtravRtti, 2. tarkabhASA kI TIkA / vai0-kaNA dasUtra kI vRtti / mI0-jaiminisUtravRtti / vyAkaraNa-1. pradIpa kI TIkA ( udyota ), 2. zabdakaustubha kI vyAkhyA (viSamI ), 3. zabdenduzekhara ke do saMskaraNa (bRhat aura laghu ), 4. paribhASenduzekhara, 5. vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaJjUSA ke tIna saMskaraNa bRhat, laghu aura parama laghu ) / 'yo0-sUtravRtti ( laghuvRtti ) aura chAyA / 170 nAthamuni--? / vi0 ve0--viSNupurANa kI ttiikaa|| 171 nArAyaNa-1580 / mI0-zAstradIpikA kI vyaakhyaa| 172 naaraaynn--?| vyA0 1. pradIpa kI TIkA ( vivaraNa ), 2. sUtravRtti ( zabda bhuussnn)| 173 nArAyaNakaNTha-1000 / zaiva-grantha ajJAta / 174 nArAyaNatIrtha--1650 / vaizeSika-bhASApariccheda kI TIkA (nyAyacandrikA ) / sAMkhya-1. sAMkhyakArikA para gauDapAda-bhAgya kI TIkA ( candrikA ), 2. sAMkhya tatvakaumudI kI TIkA / a0 ve0-Atmabodha kI TIkA ( bAlabodhinI ) / 175 nArAyaNabhaTTa-? mI0-sUtra kI vRtti ( nayodyota ), 2. bhATTabhASAprakAzikA / 1. ( 169 ) laghuzabdenduzekhara ke TIkAkAra-udayaMkara ( 1720 jyotsnA ), bAlaMbhaTTa ( 1750 cidasthimAlA ), rAjArAma ( 1760), bhairavamizra ( 1780 candrakalA ), sadAzivabhaTTa ( 1790 ), pAThaka ( 1795 ), bhAskarazAstrI ( 1810 vivaraNa ), rAghavAcArya ( 1820 viSamI ), vAsudevazAstra ( 1890 guDhArthaprakAza ) / ____ paribhASenduzekhara ke TIkAkAra-bAlaMbhaTTa ( gadA ), indirApati ( 1760 parIkSA ), mantudeva ( 1760 doSoddharaNa ), bhImabhaTTa ( 1760 bhaimI ), zaMkarabhaTTa ( 1760 zAMkarI ) lakSmInRsiMha ( 1765 trizikhA ), harinAthadvivedI ( 1780 akANDatANDava ), bhairava ( bhairavI ), pAThaka, eka ajJAta lekhaka ( ambAka!, 1800), rAghavAcArya ( 1810 tripathagA ), viSNubhaTTa ( 1840, ciccandrikA ), vAsudevazAstrI ( 1890, tattvAdarza ), tAtyAzAstrI ( 1897, bhUti ), jayadevamizra ( 1920 ? vijayA ) /

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810 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe A ndroid 176 nArAyaNabhikSu-1600 / yo0-yogasUtra kI vRtti ( gUDhArthadIpikA ) / 177 nArAyaNamuni-1415 / vi0 ve0-1. vedAntarakSA, 2. tattvasaMgraha / 178 nArAyaNasarasvatI-1600 / a0 ve0-zArIrabhASya kI TIkA ( bhASyavArtika ) / 179 nArAyaNAzrama-1560 / a0 ve0-1. bhedadhikkAra kI TokA ( sakriyA ), 2. advetdiipikaavivrnn| 180 nigamajJAnadezika-? / zaiva-zivajJAnabodha sUtra kI vRtti / 181 nityanAtha-1300 / rasezvara-rasaratnAkara / 182 nityAnanda-? / a0 ve0-chAndogya aura vRhadAraNyaka kI vRttiyA~ ( mitAkSarA ) / 183 nIlakaNTha-1650 / zeva-brahmasUtrabhASya kI TIkA kA tAtparya ( kriyaasaar)| 184 nIlakaNTha- 1830 / vai0-tarkadIpikA-prakAza / 185 nIlakaNTha-1640 / vyAkaraNa-1. pradIpa kI TIkA ( keyaTaprakAza ), 2. siddhAnta kaumudI kI vyAkhyA ( vaiyAkaraNasiddhAnta rahasya ), 3. pANinIyadIpikA / 186 nIlakaNThadaivajJa-1750 / mI-sUtravRtti ( subodhinii)| 187 nasiMhadIkSita--1600 / a0 ve0 -bhedadhikkAra kI ttiikaa| 188 nasiMhamuni-1500 / a0 ve0-vivaraNabhAvaprakAzikA / 189 nasiMhasarasvatI-1870 / a0 ve0-vedAntasAra kI TIkA / 190 na siMhAzrama --1550 / a0 ve0-1. saMkSepazArIraka kI TIkA ( tatvabodhinI ), 2. bhedadhikkAra, 3. padvaitadIpikA / 191 nemicandra-1000 / jena-1. dravyasaMgraha, 2. gommaTasAra, 3. kSapaNakasAra / 192 nainArAcArya-1415 / vi0 ve2-1. tattvamuktAkalApa kI TokA ( kAnti), 2. tatvatrayaculuka, 3. rahasyatrayaculuka / 193 pakSadharamizra-(pakSezvara )-? / nyA0-tatvacintAmaNi ko ttokaa| 194 pataJjali-150 I0 pUrva / vyA-mahAbhASya / yo0-yogsuutr|' 195 padmananvi--24 / de0 kundakunda / 196 padmanAbha-? / nyAya-vardhamAna ke nyAyanibandhaprakAza kI TIkA / [nyAyasUtra bhASya ( vAtsyAyana )-vAtika ( udyotakara ) tAtparyaTIkA ( vAcaspati )-parizuddhi ( udayana )-nyAyanibandhaprakAza ( vardhamAna )-vardhamAnendu ( padmanAbha ) / ] vai0-kiraNAvalI kI TokA ( bhAskara ) / dvait-pdaarthsNgrh| 1. ( 194 ) yogasUtra ke TIkAkAra-vyAsa (100), vRddhabhoja ( 600 ), bhoja( 1021 ), vijJAnabhikSu ( 1550 ), bhAvAgaNeza ( 1575 ), rAmAnanda sarasvatI ( 1600 ), nArAyaNabhikSu ( 1600 ), bhavadeva (1630), udayaMkara ( 1725 ), nAgeza ( 1725 ), anantabhaTTa, aruNAcala, jJAnAnanda, sadAzivabhaTTa, mahAdevabhaTTa, vRndAvana /

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dArzanikAstatkRtayazca 197 padmapAda - 855 | zeva-pravazvasAra-TIkA / a0 ve0 - zArIrabhASya kI TIkA | 198 parakAla - 1390 1 vi0 ve0 - 1. zrIbhASyaTIkA ( mitaprakAzikA ), 2. rahasya - trayasAra kI TIkA ( sAraprakAzikA ) / 198 parazurAma - ? | zeva - vidyAkalpasUtra / 200 pazupati - ? | pAzupata -- pazcArthavidyA | 201 pAThaka - 1795 / vyAkaraNa - 1. laghuzabdenduzekhara kI vyAkhyA, 2. paribhASenduzekhara kI vyAkhyA / 811 202 pANini - 500 I0 pU0 / vyAkaraNa - aSTAdhyAyIsUtrapATha / 203 pArthasArathimizra - 900 / mA0 - 1. kArtika kI vyAkhyA ( nyAyaratnAkara ) tantravArtika ko vyAkhyA ( nyAyaratnamAlA ), 3. mImAMsAsUtra kI vRtti, 4. zAstradIpikA, 5. tantraratna / 1 204 puJjarAja ( puNyarAja - ? / vyA0 - vAkyapadIya kI vyAkhyA ( kiraNaprakAza ) 1 205 puruSottama - 1300 / vyA0 - prayogaratnamAlA / 206 puruSottamaprasAda - ? 1 vi0 ve0 - zrutyantasuradruma / 207 puruSottamasarasvatI - 1625 | a0 ve0 - siddhAntabindu TokA / 208 puruSottamasomayAjI - ? a0 ve0 - saMkSepazArIraka kI TIkA / 209 puSkara - ( mRgendra ) - 1 1 zaiva - 1. kAmikAgama, 2. karaNAgama, 3. saurameyAgama 4. pauSkarAgama, 5. kiraNAgama / 210 pUjyapAda - ( devahandi, jinendrabuddhi ) - 700 / je0 - ta0 sU0 kI TIkA ( sarvArthasiddhi ) | 211 pUrNa -- ? | bauddha-dhAtukAya / 212 pUrNaprajJa - de0 AnandatIrthaM / 213 pUrNAnandatIrtha - ? | a0 ve0 - siddhAntavindu kI TIkA ( tatvaviveka ) / 214 prakAzAtmamuni - 1200 a0 ve0 - 1. paMcapAdikA vivaraNa, 2. zAbdanirNaya / 215 prakAzAnanda -- 1565 / a0 ve0 - vedAntamuktAvalI / 216 pratyaksvarUpa - 1500 / a0 ve0 - citsukhI kI TIkA / 217 prabhAkara - 775 / mImAMsA - sUtra kI vyAkhyA / 218 prabhAcandra - 885 / jena- 1. upAsanAdhyayana kI TIkA, 2. parIkSAmukha kI TIkA ( prameya kamalamArtaNDa ) | 1. (203 ) zAstradIpikA kI TIkAyeM-- siddhAntacandrikA ( rAmakRSNa 1500 ), kAravArtaka ( somezvara 1500 ), mayUkhamAlikA ( somanAtha 1540 ), nArAyaNa kI vyAkhyA ( 1580), Aloka ( kamalAkara 1590 ), bhATTadinakara ( 1600), prakAza ( zaMkarabhaTTa 1700), prabhA ( bAlaMbhaTTa 1750 ) /

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812 sarvadarzana saMprahe 219 prabhAcandra - 1300 / jaina - 1. AtmAnuzAsana kI TIkA, 2 samayasAra kI TIkA 220 prabhAnanda - 1320 / jaina - vItarAgastuti kI TIkA / 221 prazastapAda - 450 | ve0 - kaNAdasUtrabhASya ( padArthadharmasaMgraha ) / ' 222 baccAzarmA - ? | a0 ve0 - gItA kI gUDhArthadIpikA ( lekhaka - madhUsudana ) kI TIkA 223 balabhadra - 1550 / vai0 - saptapadArtho kI TIkA / 224 bAdarAyaNa ( vyAsa ) - 100 I0 pa0 ? | vedAnta - brahmasUtra | 225 bAlaMbhaTTa ( vaidyanAtha pAyaguNDe ) -- 1750 / mI0 - sUtravRtti ( nyAyabindu ) vyAka - raNa- 1. udyota kI TIkA ( chAyA ), 2. zabdakaustubha kI vyAkhyA ( udyota ), 3. zabdaratna kI vyAkhyA ( bhAvaprakAza ), 4. laghuzabdenduzekhara kI vyAkhyA ( cidasthimAlA ), 5. pari0 kI TIkA ( gadA ), 6. laghumaJjUSA kI TIkA ( kalA ) / 226 bAlakRSNabhaTTa - ? / ve0 - muktAvalI TIkA ( prakAza ) / 227 bAlacandra - 1120 / jaina - samayasAra kI TIkA / 228 buddhaghoSa - 400 / bauddha - vizuddhimArga | 229 buddhapAlita - 400 / bo0 - mUlamadhyamakArikA kI vRtti / 230 bRhaspati - ? | cArvAka - sUtra | 231 bodhendra - 1 | a0 ve0 -- Atmabodha kI TIkA ( bhAvaprakAzikA ) / 232 bopadeva - 1180 / a0 ve0 muktAphala | vyAkaraNa - kAmadhenu / 233 baudhAyana - 300 I0 pU0 / vedAnta - brahmasUtravRtti / mI0 - sUtravRtti / 234 brahmAnandasarasvatI - 1565 / a0 ve0 - 1. IzAvAsyarahasya, 2. siddhAntabindu kI TIkA ( nyAyaratnAvalI ), 3. advaitasiddhi kI vyAkhyA; 4. vedAntamuktAvalI / 235 bhagavattIrthaM - ? | dvaita - brahmasUtrabhASya kI TIkA ( bhAvaprakAzikA ) | 236 bhagIrathamegha - 1570 | nyAya - dravya prakAzikA | 237 bhaTTadinakara - 1600 | mImAMsA - zAstradIpikA kI vyAkhyA ( bhATTadinakara ) / 238 bhaTTojidIkSita - 1578 / vyAkaraNa - 1. zabdakaustubha ( sUtra kI TIkA ), 20 siddhAntakaumudI, 3. prauDhamanoramA ( si0 kau0 kI vyAkhyA ) 12 a0 ve0 - 1. tattvakaustubha 2. advaita kaustubha / 1. ( 221 ) padArthadharma saMgraha ke TIkAkAra - vyomazivAcArya ( 970 vyomavatI ), udayana (984 kiraNAvalI ), zrIdhara ( 999 nyAyakandalI ) zrIvatsAcArya ( 1025 lIlAvatI ), zaMkara mizra ( 1425 kaNAda rahasya ), jagadIza ( 1590 bhASyasUkti ) / 2. (238) siddhAntakaumudI kI anya TIkAyeM aura TIkAkAra -- tattvabodhinI ( jJAnendrasarasvatI 1640 ), subodhinI ( kRSNamauni 1700 ), vAsudevadIkSita kI bAlamanoramA ( 1660 ), nIlakaNTha kA vaiyAkaraNasiddhAnta rahasya ( 1660 ), rAmakRSNa kA vaiyAkaraNa

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dArzanikAstatkRtayazca 813 239 bhdnt-?| bauddha-1. prajJApAramitAsUtra, 2. tathAgataguhyasUtra, 3. mahAyAnasUtra, 4. laGkAvatArasUtra, 5. lalitavistarasUtra, 6. vajracchedikA, 7. sukhAvatIvyUha, 8. saddharmapuNDarIka mahAvibhASA, 9. saMyuktAbhizAstra / 240 bhadrabAhu-200 I0 pU0 / jaina--1. kalpasUtra, 2. dasa niyukti-grantha / 241 bhrdvaaj-?| vai0-kaNAdasUtravRtti / 242 bhrtRmitr-?| mI0-sUtravRtti kI vyaakhyaa| 243 bhavadAsa-? / mI0244 bhavadeva-1630 / mI0--tantravAtikavyAkhyA ( tautAtitatilaka ) / sAM0-sAMkhya kArikAvRtti / yo0--yogasUtra kI vRti / 245 bhavanAtha--1360 / mI0-mImAMsAnayaviveka ( sUtravRtti ) / 246 bhavAnanda--1600 / nyAya--tattvadIdhiti kI TIkA / 247 bhAratIyati-1400 / sAMkhya-sAMkhyatatvako mudI kI vyAkhyA / 248 bhAvaviveka-600 / bauddha-1. mUlamadhyamakArikA kI vRtti (prajJApradIpa ), 2. tarka jvAlA ( darzanasaMgraha ), 3. madhyamahRdayakArikA / 249 bhAvAgaNeza-1575 / sAMkhya-1, sAMkhya-samAsasUtra kI TIkA, 2. sAMkhyasAra, 3. sAMkhyaparibhASA, 4. sAMkhyatattvapradIpikA / 250 bhAsarvajJa-975 / pAzupata-nakulIzayogapArAyaNa / nyAya-nyAyasAra / 251 bhAskara-1020 / pratya0 -zivasUtravArtika / 252 bhAskararAya-1590 / zaiva-1. nityASoDazikArNava-setu, 2. bhAvanopaniSadbhASya, 3. zrIsUktabhASya, 4. kolopaniSad bhASya, 5. varivasyArahasya, 6. lalitAsahasrabhASya, 7. guptavatI ( saptazatI kI TIkA ) / 253 bhAskarazAstrI-1810 / vyAkaraNa-laghuza0 kI vyaakhyaa| 254 bhojarAja-1060 / zaiva-tattvaprakAza / yo0-yogasUtravRtti ( rAjamArtaNDa ) / 255 bhairavatilaka-1760 / a0 ve0-brahmasUtratAtparyavivaraNa / 256 bhairavamizra-1780 / vyAkaraNa-1. laghuza0 kI vyAkhyA ( candrakalA ), 2. pari bhASenduzekhara ko TIkA ( bhairavI ), 3. vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra kI TIkA ( parIkSA ) / 257 maGgaladharmAcArya-? dvaita-SaTpraznopaniSad-bhASyaTIkA vivaraNa / 258 maNDanamizra-(vizvarUpa, devezvara, surezvarAcArya)-825 / mImAMsA-1. tantra. vArtika vyAkhyA, 2. mImAMsAnukramaNI, 3. vidhiviveka ( vAcaspatikRta nyAyakaNikA siddhAnaratnAkara ( 1670 ), nAgeza ( 1714 ) zabdenduzekhara ( laghu aura bRhat ), kRSNamizra kA ratnArNava ( 1750 ), lakSmInRsiMha ( 1765 ), indradatta, vizvezvaratIrtha, tArAnAtha ( saralA ) /

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814 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe se sammAnita ) / a0 ve0 - 1. bRhadAraNyakabhASyavArtika, 2. tettirIyopaniSad bhASya, vArtika, neSkarmyasiddhi / 259 mathana siMha - 1708 / rase0 - rasanakSatramAlikA | 260 mathurAnAtha - 1580 / nyAya -- 1. Atmatattvaviveka kI TIkA, 2. tattvadIdhiti ko TIkAyeM ( tattvalokarahasya, mathurAnAthI ) / 261 mavanAntadevasUri - 1 / rase0 - rasacintAmaNi / 262 madhusUdanasarasvatI - 1560 / a0 ve0 - 1. saMkSepazArIraka kI TIkA ( sArasaMgraha - dIpikA ), 2. dazazlokI-TIkA ( siddhAntabindu ), 3. prasthAnabheda, 4. advaitaratnarakSaNa, 5. vedAntakalpalatikA, 6. advetasiddhi, 7. IzvarapratipattiprakAza, 8. bhakti - rasAyana / 263 madhyamandira - de0 AnandatIrthaM / 264 mantudeva - 1760 / vyA0 - vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra kI TIkA ( laghu aura bRhad w darpaNA ) | 265 maladhArirAjazekhara - 1348 / jena - 1. dravyasaMgraha, 2. SaDdarzanasamuccaya ( kI TIkA ? ) / 266 malayAgiri - 1250 / jena - upAGgagranthoM kI TIkA / 267 mallavAkyAcArya - 1160 / bauddha - nyAyabindu ko TIkA / 268 mallAri - 1604 / rase0 - rasakautuka | 269 mallinAtha - 1350 / nyAya - tArkikarakSA kI TIkA ( niSkaNTaka ) / ve0 padArthI kI TIkA (niSkaNTaka ) / 270 malliSeNa - 1292 / jena - syAdvAdamaJjarI ( vItarAgastuti kI TIkA ) / 271 mahAdeva - 1690 | de0 dinakara | (c)1 -sapta 272 mahAdeva bhaTTa 1530 / nyA0- - nyAyasUtravRtti ( mitabhASiNI ) / yo0 yogasUtravRtti / 273 mahAdevasarasvatI - 1700 | sAMkhya sUtravRttiTIkA / a0 ve0 - tattvAnusaMdhAna / 274 mahAnanda - 1820 / vyA0 - vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra kI TIkA / 275 mahAmizra ? | vyA0 -- kAzikAnyAsa kI vyAkhyA ( vyAkaraNaprakAza ) / 276 mahendramuni ? | jaina -- jJAnodayasArasaMgraha | 277 mATharAcArya 100 / sAM0 - sAMkhyakArikA kI vRtti / 1. siddhAntabindu ke TIkAkAra - puruSottama sarasvatI, brahmAnanda sarasvatI, pUrNAnandatIrtha ( tattvaviveka ), saccidAnanda, vAsudevazAstrI abhyaMkara ( 1921 ) /

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dArzanikAstakRtayazca 815 278 mANikyanandI-800 / jaina-1. AptaparIkSATIkA ( parIkSAmukha ), 2. prameya rtnmaalaa| 279 mAdhavadeva-1655 / nyAya-1. nyAyasAra, 2. tarkabhASA kI TIkA / 280 mAdhavAcArya ( vidyAraNya )-1350 / mImAMsA-jaiminIyanyAyamAlAvistara / vyA0-dhAtuvRtti / a0 ve0-1. bRhadAraNyakabhASyavArtikasAra, 2. taittirIyopaniSad dIpikA, 3. vivaraNaprameyasaMgraha, 4. vaiyAsikanyAyamAlA, 5. jIvanmuktiviveka, 6. paJcadazI / darzana-sarvadarzanasaMgraha / 281 mAna tuMga-600 / jaina-bhaktAmarastotra / 282 mitramizra-1580 / nyAya-1. sUtrabhASyaTIkA (nyAyadIpa ), 2. padArthacandrikA / 283 mudgalasUri-? / vi0 ve0-zatadUSaNI ( vedAntadezika ? ) / 284 munisundara -1425 / jaina--adhyAtpakalpadruma / 285 mRgendra-de0 puSkara / 286 merutuGga-1300 / jaina-1. SaDdarzanavicAra, 2. prabandhacintAmaNi / 287 mohana bhaTTa ? / vai0-tarkakaumudI kI TokA / 288 maudglaayn-?| bau0-prajJaptizAstra / 289 yadupati-1800 / dvaita-1. nyAsudhATIkA, 2. tattvavivekaTIkA, 3. tatvasaMkhyAna ttiikaa| 290 yazodhara-1260 / rase0-rasaprakAzasudhAkara / 291 yazomitra-340 / bauddha-abhidharmakodha kI TIkA ( sphuTArthA ) / 292 yazovijaya-1500 / jaina-1. mArgaparizuddhi, 2. nayapradIpa / 293 yazovijaya-1680 / jaina-1. adhyAtmaparIkSA, 2. jJAnabindu, 3. nayapradIpa, 4. jJAnasAra, 5. adhyaatmsaar| 294 yaajnyvlky-?| yoga-1. yogayAjJavalkya, 2. yAjJavalkyopaniSad, 3. haThapradI pikA, 4. yogAnuzAsana, 5. rAjayoga / 295 yAdavaprakAza-1260 / vi0 ve0.-yatidharmasamuccaya / 296 yamanAcArya-1040 / vi0 ve0-1. AgamaprAmANya, 2. siddhitraya, 3. gItArtha saMgraha, 4. stotraratna / 297 yogarAja-1050 / pratya0-paramArthasAra-TokA / 298 yogAnanda -? / saaN0-saaNkhykaarikaattokaa| 299 rakSita--? vyA0 --dhAtupATha kI TokA ( dhAtupadIpa ) 300 racanAya-13 / nyAya -1. tattvacitAmaNi kI TIkA ( tattvadIdhini ) - padArthakhaNDana /

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe 301 raghunAtha - - 1800 | sAMkhya - sAMkhyatattvavilAsa / 302 raghunAthazAstrI - 1860 / nyAya - gadAdharI - TIkA ( nyAyaratna ) / 303 raghunAthazAstrI -- 1960 / vyA0 - vAkyapadIya - TIkA ( ambAkartrI ) / 304 raghUttamayati--? | dvaita - 1. jayatIrtha kI TIkAoM kI vyAkhyAyeM, 2. AnandatIrtha ke bRhadAraNyakabhASya kI vyAkhyA / 816 305 raGganAtha--? | vyAkaraNa -- padamaJjarI ( haradatta ) kI vyAkhyA ( makaranda ) | 306 raGgarAja -- 1350 | vi0 ve0 viSayavAkyadIpikA | 307 raGgarAmAnuja - 1300 vi0 0 - 1. zrutaprakAzikA kI TIkA, 2. nyAyasiddhAJjana kI TIkA, 3 upaniSadbhASya, 308 raGgoji bhaTTa - 1625 / a0 ve0 - - advaita cintAmaNi / 309 ratnaprabha--1181 / jaina - syAdvAdaratnAkara kI vRtti ( avatArikA ) / 310 ratneza -- ? | vyA0 - lakSaNasaMgraha | 311 ramyajAmAtRmuni - 1410 / vi0 ve0 -tattvanirUpaNa / 312 ramyadeva - ? | a0 ve0 - iSTasiddhiTokA / 313 rAghavAcArya - 1820 / vyA0 - 1. zabdakaustubhavyAkhyA ( prabhA ), 2. laghuza0 kI vyAkhyA ( viSamI ), 3. paribhA0 kI vyAkhyA ( tripathagA ) / 314 rAghavAnanda - 1600 | mI0 - bhATTasaMgraha | 315 rAghavendra tIrtha - ? / dvaita - 1. tarkatANDavaTIkA, 2. nyAyakalpalatATIkA ( bhAvadIpa ), 3. vAdAvalITIkA ( bhAvadIpikA ), 4. candrikATIkA ( prakAza ), 5. upaniSad - vyAkhyA, 6. saMkSepabhASyavivRti ( tattvamaJjarI ) 1 316 rAjAna kalAsaka----- ? / pratyabhijJA - gItA - TIkA ( lAsako ) / 317 rAjArAmadIkSita -- 1760 | vyA0 - laghumaJjUSA TIkA / 318 rAdhAmohana - ? | nyAya-nyAyasUtravivaraNa / 319 rAmakaNTha--950 / pratya0 - 1. spandakArikA TIkA ( vivRti ), 2. bhagavadagItA - TIkA / 320 rAmakRSNa - ? | vi0 ve0 - viziSTAdvaitasaMgraha | 321 rAmakRSNa---1500 / mImAMsA - 1. zAstradIpikA vyAkhyA, 2. mImAMsAsUtravRtti ( prakAzikA ) 1 322 rAmakRSNa - 1375 | a0 ve0 - paJcadazI kI TIkA / 323 rAmakRSNAdhvarendra - 1600 / a0 ve0 -- vedAntaparibhASA kI TIkA ( zikhAmaNi ) / 324 rAmakRSNAnanda - ? | vyAkaraNa - mahAbhASya kI TIkA | 325 rAmacandra - 1733 / rase0 - rasendra cintAmaNi /

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dArzanikAstatkRtayazca 1 817 326 rAmacandra - 1420 / vyA0 - prakriyAkaumudI 327 rAmacandra - ? / sAM0 - sAMkhyasUtravRtti / 328 rAmacandra - 1730 1 a0 ve0 - siddhAntaleza kI TIkA / 329 rAmacandra - 1565 / a0 ve0 - 1. advetaprakAza, 2. advaitarahasya, 3. advaita nirNayasaMgraha | -prakriyAkaumudI kI TIkA ( gUDhabhAvavRtti ) / 330 rAmacandrazeSa - 1560 / vyA0-1 331 rAmacandrAzrama - 1 / jena - siddhAntacandrikA / 332 rAmatIrtha - 1625 / a0 ve0 - 1. saMkSepazArIraka kI TIkA ( anvayArthaprakAzikA ), 2. upadezasAhasrITIkA, 3. vedAntasAraTIkA (vidvanmanoraJjanI ) / 333 rAmarudra - 1700 / ve0 - dinakarI kI TIkA / 334 rAma subrahmaNya - 1580 / a0 ve0 - vedAntamuktAvalI kI TIkA / 335 rAmAnanda sarasvatI - 1600 | yoga -- sUtravRtti ( maNiprabhA ) / a0 ve0 -sUtravRtti ( brahmAmRtavarSiNI ) / 336 rAmAnujAcArya - ( 1019-1139 ) 1 vi0 0 - 1. zrIbhASya ( brahmasUtra para ) 1, 2. vedAntadIpa, 3. vedAntasAra, 4. vedArthasaMgraha, 5. gItAbhASya, 6. rahasyatraya / 337 rAmezvara--? | zaiva - vidyAkalpasUtra - vRtti ( saubhAgyodaya ) | 338 rAzIkarabhaTTa - 350 / pAzu0 - pazcArthasUtrabhASya / 339 rudra - 1650 / ve0 - muktAvalITIkA ( raudrI ) / 340 lakSmaNasUri ? | mI0 - sUtravRtti / vyA0 -- 341 lakSmaNArASya--? / vi0 ve0 advetaratna | 342 lakSmIvara -- 1320 | zeva - saundaryalaharI kI TIkA / a0 ve0 - advaitamakaranda / 343 laghupamananvI - 1350 | jaina - 1. paramAtmaprakAza ko TIkA, 2. yatyAcAra | 344 laghusamantabhadra - 1140 | jaina - aSTasahasrI kI TIkA ( viSamapadatAtparya ) / 345 lokAcArya - 1250 / vi0 ve0 - 1. tatvatraya, 2. tattvazekhara / - mahAbhASyaTIkA ( Adarza ) / 346 logAkSi bhAskara - 1625 / nyAya - 1. nyAyasiddhAntamaJjarITIkA, 2. padArthamAlA / ve0 - tarka kaumudI / mImAMsA - 1. jeminisUtravRtti, 2. arthasaMgraha | 347 vaMzIdhara -? | sAMkhya tattvakaumudI TIkA / / 348 vaMzIdhara mizra - 1950 / vyAkaraNa - paramalaghumaMjUSA kI TIkA ( vaMzI ) / 349 vanamAlI-1670 / vyA0 - vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNaTIkA ( matonmajjA ) / 1. ( 336 ) TIkAkAra - sudarzana ( zrutiprakAzikA 1220 ), rAmAnanda, parakAla ( mitaprakAzikA 1390), caNDamArutamahAcArya ( upanyAsa 1410 ), lakSmaNa mUri ( prakAzikA ), meghanAdAri, sundararAjadIkSita, vAsudevazAstrI abhyaMkara / 52 sa0 saM0

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818 sarvasanasaMpahe350 varavanAyaka-1610 / vi0 ve0-tattvatrayanirUpaNa / 351 varadarAja-? / dvaita-mahAbhAratatAtparyanirNayaTIkA / 352 varadarAja-1620 / vyA0-1. laghukaumudI, 2. madhyakomudI / 353 varadAcArya-1120 / vi0 ve0-1. rAmAnujasiddhAntasAra, 2. tattvatrayanirUpaNa / 354 vardhamAna-1225 / nyAya-1. parizuddhiTIkA (nyAyanibandhaprakAza ), 2. nyAya kusumAJjaliTIkA ( prakAza ), 3. Atmatattvaviveka kI TIkA / 355 vardhamAna-1150 / vai0-kiraNAvalIprakAza / vyA0-gaNapAThaTIkA ( gaNaratnamahodadhi ) / 356 vallabhanyAyAcArya-1150 / vai0-nyaayliilaavtii| 357 vallabhAcArya-1525 / mii0-suutrvRttivyaakhyaa| 358 vasugupta-820 / pratya0 ze0-zivasUtra / 359 vasuna ndi-1200 / jena-aSTasahasrI TIkA ( AptamImAMsAvRtti ) / 360 vasubandhu ( asaMga ke bhAI )-330 / bauddha-1. viMzakArikAprakaraNa, 2. paramArtha saptati, 3. abhidharmakoSa, 4. saddharmapuNDarIka, 5. prajJApAramitA, 6. ratnatraya, 7. madhyAntavibhAgasUtrabhASya / 361 vasumitra ---350 / bau0-1. abhidharmakoSa kI TokA, 2. prakaraNapada / 362 vagIza-? | vi0 ve0-nyAyasiddhAJjana / 363 vAgbhaTAcArya-1275 / rase0-rasaratnasamuccaya / 364 vAcaspatimizra-841 / nyAya-1. nyAyavArtikatAtparyaTIkA, 2. nyAyasUcInibandha, 3. nyAyasUtroddhAra / mImAMsA-1. mImAMsAsUtravRtti, 2. vidhivivekaTIkA ( nyAyakaNikA ) / sAMkhya-sAMkhyatattvakaumudI ( sAMkhyakArikA kI TIkA ) / yoga-vyAsabhASya kI TIkA ( ttvveshaardii)| a0 ve0-1. bhAmatI ( zArIrakabhASya kI TIkA ), 2. brahma siddhi kI ttiikaa|| 365 vAtsyAyana -300 / nyAya-sUtrabhASya / 366 vAdirAja--? / dveta -1. mahAbhAratatAtparyanirNayaTIkA, 2. bhedojjIvana, 3. yukti mllikaa| 367 vArSagaNya-100 / sAMkhya-SaSTitantra / 368 vAsudeva-1660 / vyAkaraNa-1. kAzikAvRttisAra ( TIkA ), 2. siddhAntako mudI kI vyAkhyA ( bAlamanoramA ) / 369 vAsudeva kAzmIrika--? / nyA0-nyAyabhUSaNa / 370 vAsudevazAstrI abhyaGkara- 1962-1942 / darzana-sarvadarzanasaMgraha kI vyAkhyA ( darzanAMkura ) / vi ve0-1 zrIbhASyaTIkA (vivRti ), 2. yatIndramatadIpikA

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dArzanikAstaskRtayazva kI TIkA ( prakAza ) / vyA0 - -1 laghuzabdendu0 kI vyAkhyA ( gUDhArthaprakAza ), 2paribhA0 kI TIkA ( tattvAdarza ) 1 a0 ve0 - 1. advaitAmoda, 2. kAyaparizuddhi | 371 vAsudeva sArvabhauma - 1275 / nyA0 -1 tattvacintAmaNi kI TIkA. 2. sArvabhauma - farofat (?) 1 372 vijayasiMha - 1120 / jena - kalpasUtra kI TIkA ( kalyAvalokinI ) / 373 vijJAnabhikSu - 1550 / sAMkhya - 1. sAMkhyasUtrabhASya, 2. sAMkhyasAraviveka / yoga-yogasUtravRtti / 819 374 viTThala - 1500 / vyAkaraNa - prakriyAkaumudI kI vyAkhyA ( prasAda ) | 375 viTThalezopAdhyAya - ? / a0 ve0 - advetasiddhi kI vyAkhyA / 376 vidyAkaNTha--870 / pAzu0 - bhAvacUDAmaNi / 377 vidyAdhIza ? | dvaita -- 1 brahmasUtrAnuvyAkhyAna, 2. nyAyasudhA kI TIkA / 378 vidyAna ndi - 800 / je0 - 1 tattvArthAdhigamasUtra kI TIkA, 2. AptamImAMsA TIkA, 3. AptaparIkSA, 4. pramANaparokSA, 5. tattvArthAlaMkAra / 379, vidyApatiThakkura - 1321 / ze0 - zevasarvasvasAra / 380 vidyAraNya - de0 mAdhavAcArya / 381 vidyendrasarasvatI -- 1700 a0 ve0 - vedAntatattvasAra / 382 vinayavijaya - 1652 | jaina - lokaprakAza / 01 383. vinAyaka bhaTTa - ? | nyA0 - nAkikarakSAH kI TIkA ( nyAyakaumudI ) 1 384 vinItadeva - 700 bI0 - nyAyabinduTIkA / 385 vindhyezvarIprasAda - ? / veze0 - 1. muktAvalITIkA, 2. tarkasaMgrahaTIkA / 386 viprarAjendra - ? | vyAkaraNa - sUtravivaraNa ( zabdAmRta ) / 387 vibhAnanva - ? | sAM0- 1. tattvasamAsasUtravRtti, 2. samAsasUtravyAkhyA ( sarvo-? pakAriNI ) / 388 vimalakIrti - 1650 / je0 - padavyavasthAsUtrakArikA / 389 vimaladAsa - ? | je0 - saptabhaGgitaraGgiNI / 390 vimuktAtmA ( maNDana mizra ) - 820 / a0 ve0 - 1. brahmasiddhi, 2. iSTasiddhi / 391 vizvakarmA - ? | vyA0 - prakriyAkaumudI kI vyAkhyA / 392 vizvanAtha - 1634 | nyA0 - - 1. nyAyasUtrabhASyaTIkA, 2. nyAyasUtravRtti, 3 . tarkabhASA kI. TIkA ( nyAyavilAsa ) / veze0 - 1. bhASApariccheda aura 2. muktAvalI / 393 vizvanAthatIrtha - ? | a0 ve0 - siddhAntaleza kI TIkA / 394 vizvarUpa - 1500 / vyA0 - vizvarUpanibandha / 395 vizvaveda - ? / a0 ve0 - 1. zArIrabhASyaTIkA, ( siddhAntadIpa ) / 2. saMkSepazArIrakaTIkA

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820 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe. 396 vizvezvara-1650 / vyA0-sUtravRtti (vyAkaraNasudhAmahAnidhi ) / . 397 vizvezvara-1320 / a0 ve0---vAkyavRttiTIkA ( prakAzikA ) / 398 viSNadeva-? / rseshvr-rsraajlkssmii| 399 vissnnraam-?| vyAkaraNa-paribhASAprakAza / 400 viSNusvAmI-? / dvai0-1. brahmasUtrabhASya, 2. gItAbhASya / 401 vIrarAghava-1400 / vi0 ve0-rahasyatrayaTIkA ( tAtparyadIpikA ) / 402 vIrarAghavadAsa--1440 / vi0 ve0-tAtparyadIpikA ttiikaa| 403 veMkaTakRSNa-? / dvai0-bhAgavatatAlayanirNayaTIkA / 404 veMkaTanAtha ( vedAntadezika )-1267-1368 / vi0 ve0-1. rahasyatrayaTIkA ( culuka ), 2. nyAyasiddhAJjana, 3. paJcarAtrarakSA, 4. tattvamuktAkalApa, 5. nyAyatilaka, 6. nyAyaratnAvalI, 7. nyAyaparizuddhi, 8. vAditrayakhaNDana, 9. tattvamuktA kalApa kI TokA / mI0--sUtravRtti / ' 405 vedAGgatIrtha--? / dvaita--madhvavijaya kI TIkA / 406 vedAntAcArya-1100 / vi0 ve0-rahasyatraya kI TIkA / 407 vedezatIrtha--? / dvaita-padArthakaumudI ( tattvodyotaTIkA kI TIkA ) / 408 vedezabhikSu -? / dvaita--chandogyopaniSad bhASya kI TokA ( padArthakaumudI ) / 409 vaidyanupasUna-? / rase0--rasamuktAvalI / 410 vyAghrabhUti--? / vyA0--sUtravRtti / 411 vyADi--300 I0 pU0 / vyA .--1. saMgraha, 2. paribhASAvRtti / 412 vyAsa-100 / yo0-sUtrabhASya / a0 ve0-1. bhagavadgItA, 2. brahmasUtra / 413 vyAsatIrtha -1260 / dvaita-1. jayatIrtha ke granthoM kI TIkAyeM (tarkatANDava Adi), 2. candrikA, 3. kRSNAmRtamahArNava kI TokA, 4. upaniSad-bhASyoM kA vivaraNa, 5. bhedojjIvana / 414 vyomazivAcArya--980 / vai0--prazastapAda ke padArthadharmasaMgraha kI TIkA ( vyomvtii)| 415 shNkrbhtttt--1700| mI0-1. zAstradIpikA kI vyAkhyA (prakAza ), 2. mImAMsAbAlaprakAza, 3. subodhinii| 416 zaMkaramizra-1425 / nyAya-1. nyAyatAtparyamaNDana ( nyAyanibandhaprakAza kI TIkA ), 2. jAgadozI kI TIkA, 3. tattvadIdhiti kI TokA / ve0-1. padArthadharmasaMgraha kI TIkA, 2. upaskAra ( satravRtti ) / a0 ve0-khaNDanakhaNDakhAdya kI TIkA / 417 zaMkarAcArya--800 / zaiva-1. saundaryalaharI, 2. prapaJcasAra, 3. lalitAtrizatI. bhAgya / a0 ve0-1. dasa upaniSadoM ke bhASya, 2. zArIrakamImAMsAbhASya,

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dArzanikAstatkRtayazca 3. gItAbhASya, 4. Atmabodha, 5. aparokSAnubhava, 6. vAkyavRtti, 7 dazazlokI, 8. upadezasAhasrI, 9. vivekacUDAmaNi / 418 zaMkarAnanda - 1325 / a0 ve0 - 1. kevalyopaniSad - vRtti ( dIpikA ), 2. IzAvAsyadIpikA, 3. te0 u0 dIpikA, 4. gItA kI TIkA / 821 419 zambhudeva -- 1550 / zeva - 1. zeva siddhAntadIpikA, 2. zambhupaddhati | 420 zambhu bhaTTa-- 1690 / mI0 - khaNDadevakRta bhATTadIpikA kI TIkA ( prabhAvatI ) / 421 zabarasvAmI - 100 I0 pU0 / mI0 -mImAMsAsUtrabhASya / 422 zaraNadeva -- 1170 | vyA0- - durghaTavRtti / 423 zazadhara--? | nyAya - nyAyasiddhAntamaJjarI kI TIkA ( nyAyasiddhAntadIpa ) | 424 zAkyamuni - 550 I0 pU0 / bauddha - - ( vacanoM kA saMgraha ) 1. suttapiTaka, 2. abhidhammapiTaka, 3. vinayapiTaka ( tripiTaka ) / 425 zAntabhadra - 800 bI0 - vyAyabinduTIkA / 426 zAntarakSita - - 720 / bo0- 1. mAdhyamakAlaMkAra, 2. tattvasaMgraha | 427 zAntideva - 650 bI0 - 1. zikSAsamuccaya, 2. bodhicaryAvatAra | 428 zAntisUri - 1220 / je0 - dharmaratnavRtti / 429 zAntyAcArya - 1050 je0 -- uttarAdhyayana sUtraTIkA / 430 zAriputra - ? / bauddha - 1. dharmaskandha, 2. saMgItaparyAya / 431 zArGgadhara - 1670 / ve0 - 1. udayanakRta lakSaNAvalI kI TIkA ( nyAyamuktAvalI ), 2. saptapadArthoM kI TIkA ( padArthacandrikA ) | 432 zAlikanAtha - 790 / mo0 - 1. prabhAkarakRta vRhatI kI vyAkhyA ( RjuvimalA ), 2. prakaraNapi 433 zAlinAtha - 1657 / rase0 - rasamaJjarI / 434 zivadatta - 1810 / a0 ve0 - vedAntaparibhASA kI TIkA ( arthadIpikA ) / 435 ziva bhaTTa - ? | vyAkaraNa - nyAsa ( kAzikA kI TIkA ) kI vyAkhyA ( kuMkuma vikAsa ) / 436 zivayogI - 1675 | mI0 - arthasaMgraha kI TIkA / 437 zivarAmendra - ? / vyA0 - 1. mahAbhASya kI TIkA, 2. sUtravRtti / 438 zivAditya - 1050 / ve0 - 1. saptapadArthI, 2. lakSaNamAlA / 439 zIlAGka-960 / je0 - 1. AcArAGgasUtraTIkA, 2. sUtrakRtAGgaTIkA / 440 zukAcArya - ? | a0 ve0 - tattvAnusaMdhAnavyAkhyA / 441 zuddhAnanda sarasvatI - 1320 / a0 ve0 - vedAntacintAmaNi | 442 zeSakRSNa ( bhaTTojidIkSita ke guru )- 1540 / vyA0- prakriyAkaumudI kI vyAkhyA |

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sarvadarzanasaMgrahe 443 zevAtrizuddhi - 1 / vyA0 - sIradevakRta paribhASAvRtti kI TIkA / 444 zeSAnanta - 1608 / nyAya nyAya siddhAntadIpa kI TIkA ( prabhA ) / ve0 saptapadArthoM kI TIkA / 822 445 zrIkaNTha - 1000 / nyAya - nyAyAlaMkAra / 446 zrIkaNTha - 1535 / nyAya - nyAyasiddhAntamaJjarI kI TIkA ( tarkaprakAza ) / 447 zrIkaNThazivAcArya - 1350 | dveta - brahmasUtrabhASya / 448 zrIkRSNa - 1780 nyAya - nyAyasiddhAntamaJjarI kI TIkA ( bhAvadIpikA ) | 449 zrISara - 991 / ve0 -- padArthadharma saMgraha kI TIkA ( nyAyakandalI ) / 450 zrIdhara - ? / a0 ve0 - bhagavadgItA ko TIkA ( subodhinI ) / 451 zrInivAsa -- ? | nyAya - 1. nyAyasiddhAntamaJjarI, 2. tarkadIpikA kI TIkA ( surakalpataru ) / 452 zrInivAsatIrtha - 1300 / dvaita - 1. gItAbhASya kI TIkA ( bhAvadIpikA ), 2. AnandatIrtha, jayatIrthaM aura vyAsatIrtha ke granthoM kI TIkAyeM / 453 zrInivAsadAsa - ? / vi0 ve0 - yatIndramatadIpikA / 454 zrInivAsa bhAskara - ? | vi0 ve0 - zrIbhASya kI TIkA / 425 zrInivAsAcArya - 1480 | vi0 ve0 - 1. nyAyaparizuddhi ko TIkA, 2. rahasya trayasAra / - 456 zrInivAsAdhvari - ? | mI0 - sUtravRtti / 457 zrIpati - 1250 / vyA0 - jJAnadIpikA / 458 zrIyogIndra -- ? | je0 - paramAtmaprakAza / 1 459 zrIvatsAcArya - 1025 / ve0 - padArthadharmasaMgraha kI TIkA ( lIlAvatI ) / I 460 zrIharSa - 1150 / a0 ve0 - khaNDanakhaNDakhAdya ( isa para citsukha, zaMkaramizra aura S raghunAtha ne TIkAyeM likhI haiM / ) 461 a tasAgara-1500 / je0 - tattvArthAdhigamasUtra kI TIkA / 462 saMghabhadra - 380 / bauddha - abhidharmakoSa kI TIkA ( nyAyAnusAra ) / 463 sakalakIrti - 1464 | jena - tattvArthasAra- dIpikA / 464 saccidAnanda -- ? | a0 ve0 - siddhAntabindu kI TIkA / 465 satyanAcayati - 1800 | dveta - 1. brahmasUtrabhASya kI TIkA ( tattvaprakAzikA ), 2. abhinavatarkatANDava, 3. tattvaprakAzaTIkA ( abhinavacandrikA), 4. pramANapaddhati kI TIkA ( abhinavAmRta | 466 savAnanda - 1560 / a0 ve0 - 1. paJcadazI - TIkA 2. advaitadIpikA- TIkA, 3. " advaita brahmasiddhi 4. jIvanmuktiprakriyA, 5. vedAntasAra, 6. advaitadIpikA (svagraMtha ) / 1

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| dArzanikAstatkRtayazca 467 sadAnanda - ? | jena - siddhAntacandrikA kI TIkA ( subodhinI ) / 468 sadAnandavyAsa -- ? / a0 ve0 - advetasiddhisaMkSepa / 469 sadAzivamizra - 1670 | vyA0 - sUtravRtti ( gUDhArthadIpinI ) / 470 sadAzivAnandasarasvatI - ? 1 a0 de0 sUtravRtti ( advaitAmRtavarSiNI ) / 471 sabhyAbhinavayati -- ? | dva eta - mahAbhAratatAtparyanirNaya-TIkA ( durghaTArthaprakAza ) / 472 samantabhadra - 600 / jena - 1. AptamImAMsA ( devAgamastotra), 2. yuktyanuzAsana, 3. upAsanAdhyayana, 4. ta0 sU0 kI TIkA ( gandhahastimahAbhASya ) | 473 sarvajJAtmamuni - 900 / a0 ve0 - saMkSepazArIraka ( zArIrakabhASya kA sArAMza ) / 474 sahajakIrti--1630 / je0 -- kalpasUtramaJjarI / 475 sAMkhyAcArya - ? | sAM0 - sAMkhyasUtrabhASya / 476 siddhacandra- 1740 / nyA0 - 1. tarkabhASATIkA, 2. saptapadArtho kI TIkA / 477 siddhasenagaNi-- 525 / je0 -- tattvArthA0 kI TIkA / 478 siddhasenadivAkara - 450 1 je0 - 1. nyAyAvatAra, 2. sammatitarkasUtra, 3. kalyANamandirastotra / 479 sImAnanda - ? | sAM0- sAMkhyatattvavivecana / 480 sIradeva - 1200 / vyA0 - 1. sUtravRtti, 2. paribhASAvRtti / 451 sucaritamizra - - 1670 mI0 - ilokavArtika kI vyAkhyA ( kAzikA ) / 482 sudarzana - 1220 / vi0 ve0 - 1. vedArthasaMgraha ko TIkA ( tAtparyadIpikA ), 2. TIkA ( zrutaprakAzikA ), 3. zrIbhASya kI TIkA ( zrutapradIpikA ) 483 sundararAjadIkSita - ? / vi0 ve0 -zrIbhASya kI TIkA / I 484 surezvarAcArya - de0 maNDanamizra / 485 surottamatIrtha - - ? | dvaita-yuktimallikA TIkA ( bhAvavilAsinI ) / 486 somanAtha - 1540 / mI0 - zAstradIpikA kI vyAkhyA ( mayUkhamAlikA ) / 487 somazambhu - 1070 | zeva - prantha ajJAta | 488 somasundara -- 1400 / je0 - navatattva kI TIkA / 489 somAnanda - 880 / pratya0 - 1. zivadRSTi, 2. zivadRSTi kI vRtti / 823 490 somezvara-- 1500 mI0 - 1. zAstradIpikA kI vyAkhyA ( kapUravAnika ), 2. sUtravRtti (nyAyamAlAvistara ) / 491 somezvarasUri - 1103 | pAzu0 - grantha ajJAta / 492 sthiramati-- 370 / bau0 - abhidharmakoSa kI vyAkhyA / 493 svapnezvara - ? | sAM0 - sAMkhyatattvakaumudI kI TIkA / 494 svayaMprakAzAnanda sarasvatI - ? / a0 ve0 - zArIrabhASya TIkA ( vedAnnavandana bhUSaNa ) /

Page #861
824 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe 495 hnumaan-?| nyA0-1. tattvacintAmaNi kI TIkA ( hanumadIyA ), 2. tarkasaMgraha kI TIkA (prabhA ) / 496 haravatta-? / paashu0-gnnkaarikaa| 497 haradatta-875 / vyA0-kAzikA kI vyAkhyA ( pdmnyjrii)| 498 hari ( bhatRhari )-660 / vyA-1. mahAbhASya TIkA ( setu ) 2. vAkyapadIya / 499 hari-100 I0 pU0 / mo0-sUtravRtti / 500 haridAsamizra-1590 / nyA0-1. Atmatattvaviveka kI TIkA, 2. tattvAloka kI ttiikaa| 501 haridIkSita-1650 / vyA0 --prauDhamanoramA kI vyAkhyA ( shbdrtn)| 502 harinAthadvivedI-1780 / vyA0-paribhASenduzekhara kI TIkA ( akANDatANDava ) / 503 haribhadra-900 / jena-1. AvazyakasUtra kI TIkA (ziSyahitA ), 2. nandisUtra kI vyAkhyA, 3. anekAntajayapatAkA, 4. SaDdarzanasamuccaya ( drshnsNgrh)| 504 hrivllbh-1700| vyA0-1. zabdakaustubhavyAkhyA, 2. vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra kI ttiikaa| 505 hemacandra -1125 / je0-1. AvazyakasUtrabhASyavRtti, 2. adhyAtmopaniSad ( yoga zAstra ), 3. pramANamImAMsA, 4. pramANacintAmaNi, 5. vItarAgastuti, 6. triSaSTi zalAkApuruSacarita, 7. zabdAnuzAsana, 8. mahAvIracarita, 9. pariziSTaparva / 506 helArAja-? / vyA0 -vAkyapadIya kI TIkA / 507 hemAdri-1270 / a0 0 -muktAphalaTIkA ( kaivalyadIpikA ) /

Page #862
pariziSTa-3 sarvadarzanasaMgraha meM ullikhita grantha aura granthakAra akSacaraNa 49, 575, 659 [ kAThakopaniSad 161, 172, 203, . akSapAda 305 kaNAda 380 aghorazivAcArya 290 [atharvasaMhitA 490 ] kAtyAyana 502 anantavIrya 148 kAlidAsa 464 abhinavaguptAcArya 321 kAvyaprakAza 607 abhiyukta 143, 617 [ kAvyaprakAza 613 ] ahaMta 90, 103, 121 kAzikAvRtti 496 keyaTa 509, 608 AgneyapurANa 226 korma 248 AcArya 151, 272, 328, 473, 558, khaNDanakAra 752 654, 671, 709 [khaNDanakhaNDakhAdya 752 ] AdarzakAra 265 gaNakArikA 256, 257 AnandatIrtha 211, 251 garbhazrIkAntamitra 332 Apastamba 756 garuDapurANa 246 AptanizcayAlaMkAra 103 ..... guru 457, 569, 652, 695 [ IzAvAsyopaniSad 197] govindabhagavatpAdAcArya 324, 328 IzvarakRSNa 533 gautama 510 [ IzvarapratyabhijJAvimarza 321] cArvAka 3, 22, 425 utpalAcArya 306 citsukhAcArya 679, 727] udayanAcArya 389, 434, 474, 482 / [citsukhI 162, 679, 727. chAndogya 633 ... udayAkarasanu 309 [chAndogyopaniSad 161, 171, 172 umAsvAtivAcakAcArya 139 143, 192, 201, 211, 234, [RksaMhitA 252, 466, 490, 502 ] 240, 241, 633, 649, 658, kaNabhakSa 49, 338, 575, 659 671, 730 ] kapila 553 jinadattasUri 153 kalpataskAra 742 jena 285, 424

Page #863
826 sarvadarzanasaMgrahajaimini 603 neyAyika 370, 376, 476, 539, [jeminIsUtra 446, 447, 450, 572, 671 nyAyakaNikA 714 zAna-ratnAvalI 296 nyAyakusumAJjali 389, 485 jJAnazrI 48 [ nyAyakusumAJjali 24, 33, 390 zAnAdhikAra 310 434, 482, 648, 720 tattvakomudI 533 nyAyanirmANavedhA 242 tattvaprakAza 286, 288, 289, 294 nyAyabhUSaNakAra 475 tattvamuktAvalI 177, 179, 187 [nyAyasUtra 190, 242, 385, 389, tattvaviveka 212 419, 421, 510] [ tattvaviveka 11] pakSilasvAmI 418 tattvasaMgraha 290 paJcapAdikA 725 tatvArthasaMgrahAdhikAra 317 paJcapAdikAvivaraNa 725 tattvArthasUtra 117, 132, 133, 135 paJcazikha 559 paJcArthabhASyadIpikA 264 137, 138 paJcikAprakaraNa 699 tathAgata 30,78 pataJjali 490, 508, 555 [tantravArtika 610] padmanandI 124 tAkikarakSA 242 paramAgamasAra 117 [taittirIyabrAhmaNa 248, 455, 652 paramazruti 233 748] parIkSaka 300, [ tettirIyasaMhitA 436, 748] pAJcarAtrarahasya 198, [ taittirIyAraNyaka 226, 452, 460 pANini 457, 469, 522, 629] [pANinisUtra 457, 469, 491, [taittirIyopaniSad 228, 335, 649, 492, 500, 510, 517, 568, 673, 760 ] 596, 682] totAtita 104, 511, 714 [pAtaJjalamahAbhASya 490, 497, dharmakIti 58, 500, 503, 508, 568, nakulIza 265, 570 ] nAmaliGgAnuzAsana 561 [pAtaJjalayogasUtra 554, 555, 557, nArAyaNakaNTha 293, 561, 576, 577, 578, 582, nArAyaNazruti 233, 585, 588, 589,591, 593, nIlakaNThamAratI 607 594, 595, 596,598,599,

Page #864
niviSTA lekhakA prayAsa 827 A IRTENT 600, 602, 613, 616, 621, | bovanaya 87. 623, 624, 625, 626, 627, brahmamImAMsAvivaraNa 211, 628] brahmasUtravRtti 195, pAzupatazAstra 254, 256, 265, bhagavadgItA 545, 607, 272 [ bhagavadgItA 189, 195, 203, 205, pUrNaprajJa 252 228, 231, 545, 562, 564, pUrvAcArya 657 585, 601] paurANika 623 bhagavAn 231, 601, 607, 674 prakaraNavivaraNapaJcaka 300 bhaTTa 163, 376, [prakaraNapacikA 686, 688, 689, bhaTTasarvajJa 426, 691, 692, 695, 698, 699, bhaTTAcArya 436, 487, 510, 595, 677 701] bhartRhari 514, prabodhasidi 242, [ bhAgavata 332 ] prabhAkara 163, 376, 685,701 bhAmatIkAra 665, prabhAkaraguru 487 bhAllaveyazruti 232, prabhAcandra 102 bhASyakAra 503, 506, 519 684, pramANavArtika 23 bhASya 729, prameyakamalamArtaNDa 102 bhAskara 744, 745, prazastapAda 50 bhojarAja 283, [ praznopaniSad 171] madhyamandira 252, phaNipati 570 manu 459, bahudaivalya 288 mahAnArAyaNopaniSad 753, bAdarAyaNa 641 mahAbhAratatAtparyanirNaya 224, buddha 31, 76, 78 [ mahAbhAratatAtparyanirNaya 252 ] bRhatsaMhitA 208 mahAbhASya ( de0 pAta0 mahA0) [ bRhadAraNyakopaniSad 171, 176, / mahAvarAhapurANa 232, 197, 201, 203, 248, 563, mahopaniSad 237 582, 645, 649] [ mANDUkyakArikA 228] bRhaspati 3, 6, 20, 279 mAdhyamika 55, 422, 715 bodhAyana 196, mAnamanohara 474, bodhicittavivaraNa 86, mAlatImAdhava 468, bauddha 23, 31, 285, | mAhezvara 254, 274, 292, 322,

Page #865
828 sarvadarzanasaMgrahamImAMsAzlokavArtika 510, vivekavilAsa.87, [ muNDakopaniSad189, 190, 197, viSNutattvanirNaya 217 ] 203, 205, 228] [viSNutattvanirNaya 250 ] yAjJavalkya 574, 576, 602, 614, viSNupurANa 233, 613, 622, yAmunamuni 206, [viSNupurANa 172, 623 ] yomadeva 117, vItarAgastuti 97, 116, 152, rasahRdaya 330, vRttikAra 196, 598, [ rasahRdaya 325] veGkaTanAtha 187, rasArNava 323, 329, 333, vedAntavAdanipuNa 525, rasezvarasiddhAnta 326, 331, vedAnI 376, 539 vedArthasaMgraha 179, rAmAnuja 160, 211 vaibhASika 81 rAmezvara 338, [ vaizeSikasUtra 189, 338, 381, 692 ] rAzIkarabhASya 268, vyADi 522 laGkAvatAra 56, vyAsa 160, 576 lokagAthA 3 vyAsabhASya 576 lokAyata 3 vyAsabhASyavyAkhyA 592 vardhamAna 495, [ vyAsasUtra 196, 206, 207, 208 vasuguptAcArya 316, 228, 246, 248, 250, 565 [vAkyapadIya 500, 504,514,516 570, 645, 672,760, 761 ] 518, 523, 524, zaMkarakiMkara 434 525, 750 ] zaMkarAcArya 565, 641 vAkyapadIya 495, 509, zabarasvAmI 108 vAgIzvara 474, haali 38 vAcakAcArya 125 zAradAtilaka 605 vAcaspati 533, 592, 593, 641, [ zArIrakamImAMsAbhASya 665 ] | 714, zAlikanAtha 686 vAjapyAyana 520, zivadRSTi 304 vArtika 519, [zivasUtra 312] vijJAnavAdI 718, zrImatkaraNa 284, 295 vidyAnanda 140, zrImatkAlotara 291 vivaraNa 759, zrImatpauSkara 283 vivaraNavivaraNa 743, zrImatsaurabheya 296

Page #866
529 nirdiSTA lekhakA pranyAna zrImanmamRgendra 280, 282, 286, 293, | sUtrakAra 267, 385, 389 294 | somazambhu 289 [ zlokavArtika 465 751] / somAnandanAtha 304, 310 zvetAzvataropaniSad 548 saugata 476, 539 [ zvetAzvarataropaniSad 172, 189, 190 sautrAntika 81 : 332 ] skandapurANa 248, 249 sampradAyavit 271 syAdvAdamaJjarI 151 sarvajJa 328 418 ( bhAsarvajJa ) syAdvAdI 158 sAMkhya 286, 426, 476, 539, [sAMkhyakArikA 219, 528, 530, 535 svarUpasambodhana 128, haradattAcArya 257 .. 537, 545, 550, 552 ] sAMkhyapravacana 554 hari 493, 504, 523 sAMkhyAcArya 543 hemacandrasUri 103 sAkArasiddhi 332 hemacandrAcArya 142 siddhaguru 279 helArAja 506 siddhasenavAkyakAra 97 (koSThAMkita kRtiyoM kA mAdhava ne pratyakSataH nAma nahIM liyA hai / )

Page #867
uddharaNa a a ityukto hariH aktAH zarkarA akramAnanda akSatazca laghudrAvI agnicitkapilA agniruSNo agnihotraM trayo agnihotraM trayo agnehara agnestrizatpunaH agrIvaH pratyamuzcat anaM nAma aGganAliGganA aco Niti aAtmA niSedhaM ajAmekAM ajAmekAM ajo nityaH ajo ko ajJAtaM viSayo ajJAnasyApyadharmasya ajJAnAndhasya me ajJo janturanIzo'yaM aNurAtmA atattvamiti atatatanUnaM 5 12 . " 9 16 1 TO 5 13 16 15 5 1 15 8 '5 pariziSTa-4 sarvadarzanasaMgraha kI uddharaNa-sUcI pR0 uddharaNa 31 14. 16 4 14 16 6 4 " 229 455 310 327 754 19 20 688 619 629 227 596 304 146 634 189 548 758 258 226 278 190 234 226 atidUrAtsAmIpyAt - ato nirabhilapyAste atonyo grantha ato'smi loke - atra catvAri atra brUmo atrAyaM puruSaH atrocyate dvayI atha gaurityatra atha tadvacane atha patkASaNo atha yogAnuzAsanam 17 atha yo vededaM atha zabdastvata: atha zabdAnuzAsanam "3 "" "7 77 27 athetyayamadhikArArthaH C athAtaH pazu athAtaH zabda 5 athAto dharmajijJAsA 12 athAto dharmaM vyAkhyAsyAmo 10 athAto brahmajijJAsA 4 5 15 "3 1 16 4 16 13 3 13 15 "" 4 5 13 15 6 17 16 15 pR0 219 56 249 231 9 va 686 171 701 508 106 502 554 561 171 247 490 570 256 243 446 338 196 246 565 572 645 570

Page #868
uDaramadhiH 831 pR. 194 187 145 193 bh 51 s 106 288 mh s 606 152 608 m ` 242 447 142 atheSa jyotiH adyApi na nivartante adhikAryAnuguNyena adhyAtmayogA adhyetavyaH adhruveNa nimittena anantaraM ca anantazcaiva ananyalabhyaH banayormelanam anavacchinnasadbhAvaM anavadyamRtaM anAtmani ca anAdAnamadattasya anAdidveSiNo anAdinidhanaM anAdi bhAvarUpaM anAdivAsano anAderAgamasyAoM anAdheyaphalatvena anityaH zabdaH anityatvAnu anilyA zuci anukUlena tarkeNa anuvidya vijAnAti anusnAnanirmAlya anutena hi anekAntaM jagat anekAntAtmakaM anekArthAH smRtAH antarAyastathA m ani x wxw G. 122 uddharaNa 20 antaryAmI jIvasaMstho . 4 antyaM pratyak , antyAvAcyavivakSAyAM 564 anvaM tamaH 460 andho maNi 519 anyatra vartamAnasya 2 691 anyathA nopapadyata anyasminmAsa 249 anyonyapakSa 325 anyo'rtho lakSyate 285 anvayitvAt 142 anvAhArye ca 12 594 apadyatAM ga (pA0 bhe0 ) 3 apariNAminI 224 apariNAminI 15 aparokSAvabhAsena 162 apahatapApmA api khe kAmato 16 105 api prayatna 15 674 apRthaktvepi apekSAbuddhi 473 apodghatyeva aprakAzita apratyakSopa 201 aprAmANyaM zrute 267 aprAmANyadvayA 171 abhAvavirahA abhimAno'haGkAraH abhiyuktatareranyaiH 575 abhiSeko'ya 153 / abhyAsaverAgyA 582 504 641 192 670 607 524 u 474 593 505 743 434 758 Roman 484 720 aur nn k 533 - 151 750 604 jA - 600

Page #869
832 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe __ 13- 518 545 -- 709 16 633 16654 2 486 . 325 asatyopAdhi 688 | asadakaraNAta 617 asarvajJapraNotAttu 194 asiddhanaka 657 asAvAdityo 250 ahaMdhiyAtmanaH 87 ahaM sthUlaH ahamAtmA brahma ahiMsAsatyA .88 ahiMsA sUnRtA 682 197 AkAravAMstvaM 198 AkArasahitA 591 AgamAdeH pramANatve 729 AgamenAnumAnena 594 Atonupasarge ka: 651 AtmalAbhAnna paraM 589 AtmAtmIyasva 22 AtmA yadi bhaveta 62 AtmA vA are 15 3 613 122 A 7 283 288 11 434 16 abhrakastava ayathArthasya araghaTTavaTI arthopAsanayA arthavAdopattI arthavAdopapattI arthAnupAyaM arthAnyathAtva arthena ghaTayatyenA artho jJAnAcito ahe kRtyatRcazca avidyayA mRtyu avidyAM karma avidyA kSetra avidyAcchAdaya avidyA tatkRto avidyAstamayo avidyAsmitA avinAbhAvaniyamo avibhAgo'pi avedyavedakAkArA avalakSaNyasaMvitti avyAptasAdhano yaH azubhaH pApasya azvatthapallaH azvasyAtra aSTakarmakSayA aSTavaSaM brAhmaNaM aSTAdazasaMskArA asaMbaddhasya cotpatti asatvAnnAsti HARELHI 338 88 15 2 285 2 1 rn. . . . Gamani 203 645 16 363 AtmAsambandhakAle 3 137 AtmetyevopAsIta 15605 AdAvapekSA 1 22 AdAvindriya 154 Aditastisa 12 457 / Adityo yUpa iti Adityo yUpaH AdyaH samAptaH 543 AdyAnanugRhya 233 328 : 543 288 6 G 288

Page #870
uddharaNa AdyAvAcyavivakSA Adhe stheyaM Adya jJAnadarzanA AnantaryAdhikAre AbhAsatve tu seva AyatanaM vidyAnAM ArAgramAtraH ArurukSormune ArdratvaM ca ghanatvaM AryasatyAkhya Alocya bhASaNaM AviddhakulA Avirbhavanti AvRttipari AzrayaH sarvadharmANAM AsanAdIni saMgRhya AsannaM brahmaNaH AsravaH srotaso " Asravo bhava Aha nityaparokSaM " AhAra zuddhe AhitAgnirapazabda 60 3 15 3 5 11 9 4 15 9 3 4 13 11 3 13 3 3 5 4 13 itikaraNo iti guhyatamam iti dhanazarIra 9 iti pANinisUtrANAM 13 itImAtI 3 itthaM tathA ghaTa 8 idaM jJAnamupAzritya 5 53 sa0 saM0 15 uddharaNasUciH pa0 148 619 139 247 434 332 190 601 327 87 123 145 199 514 418 143 500 143 154 143 233 204 497 598 231 324 495 143 313 228 uddharaNa idaM pratyayaphalam idaM rajatamityatra idaM vastubalAyAtaM idamAkAra vRtyakta idamAdyaM pada indriyANAm imA: kuhevAka iyaM sA mokSa iha bhogyabhoga I IzatatpuruSA IzvaraH pati Izvaraprerito Izvarazcidaciceti Izvarazciditi u uktopAsanayA ucyate zukti utkarSa tu tada uttamaH puruSa uttarottaramUrtInA utpattisthiti utpAdAdvA tathA utprekSeta hi utsannakarma upakramopasaMhArA 33 upadezasya satyatvaM upadezo'pi buddhasya upanIya tu yaH 77 60 16 2 16 13 15 3 13 7 7 7 4 4 4 16 5 5 4 5 12 5. 16 3 3 12 833 pR0 77 686 56 725 525 622 116 525. 279 283 259 278 161 161 198 691. 231 231 198 248 78 470 334 25.0 657 106 106 45.1.

Page #871
834 uddharaNa upamAnena sarvajJa upayannapayandharmo upAdAnaM lakSaNam upAdeyam paraM upAdeyamupA upAdhisannidhi upAdhyapagamA upAsakAnurodhena upekSya sAkSAt ubhayaparikamita ubhayaprAptI ubhayAtmaka urukramasya U Urdhvahni UrdhvAzino Urvopari Yao RgyajuH sAmA RRcaH sAmAni RtaM pibantI RtambharA tatra e eka eva rudro ekaH zabdaH sa ekadezaviziSTo'rtho ekanetra ekamevedaM zAstraM ekavAraM pramANena ekasthAnani da0 3 15 15 16 16 4 4 13 14 15 3 15 mr 5. 12 4 15 11 13 7 4 8 5 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe pR0 106 578 612 124 124 684 684 198 97 206 491 533 226 618 154 614 249 466 174 624 436 502 151 288 196 304 233 uddharaNa ekAkinI pratijJA ekAkSarAtkRto ekAdazakaraNa ekA saMsRSTa ekekahAni eko'rthaH zabdaH eko'sI rasa ko zakti etadAkhyAhi etadAtmyamidaM etad buddhvA etayA vA daridrANAM ete'nye bahavaH ete yamAH sa evaM guNAH samAnA: evaM jAgratprapacapi evaM tricatura evaM harahaH evamarthApattirapi evamukto nAradena eSa cAnanta eSa pramAtA eSa hi draSTA o oGkAravA o aupazamikakSAyiko ka kaNTakAdivyathA kaNThaM bhitvA 60 2 15 14 16 15 13 7 5 16 5 5 9 15 4 13 16 4 3 8 8 4 15 3 1 15 pR0 29 596 533 701 619 524 333 295 246 658 231 306 326 614 199 525 751 198 106 247 313 317 171 568 125 568

Page #872
uddharaNasUciH h y 302 106 333 309 s s UM m ani m 622 m s 613 s 605 h 92 sh nh sh 89 105 493 m kacidAsAdya kathaM tadubhayaM kaphamUtramala karaNena nAsti karAmalakavata kartRri jJAtari kA na tAvadiha kAsti kazcit katu: svAtantryaM kartRkarmaNoH kRti karmaNi ca. karmaNyaNa karmaNyevAdhi karmayogeNa devezi karmAdinirapekSastu kalAdibhUmi kalpanApoDha kalpitazcennivartata kalpyastu vidhi kazvArthastu kasmAdbhUyo kAMzcidanugRhma kAmaH saGkalpo kAmato'kAmato vApi kAyamAdheya kAyavAGmanaH karmayogaH kArya kimatra kAryakAraNabhAvAdvA kAryatvAdAvayoH kAryasyAsambhavI hetuH kAlatraye jJAtRkAle kAzyAdisarva kiM tu mohavazAta 143 kiNvAdibhyaH sametebhyaH 1 304 kotitaM tadahiMsAdi 323 kuNapaH kAminI 309 kuryAccittAnu 15 116 kurvIta brahmaNi 116 kuzodakena japtena 279 kusume bIjapUrAdeH 492 kRtapraNAzAkRta 491 kRttiH kamaNDaluH 499 kRtrimeNa tvasatyena 15 607 kecidavizeSeNeva 9 327 kedArAdIni 6 271 kenedaM citritaM 7 289 kevalaM dravyamAnaM 285 kevalAM saMvidam 5 231 keSAMcitpuNyadRzAM 12 450 ko hyanyaH puNDarIkAkSAt 12 5 246 krameNobhayavAJchAyAM 3 krAmaNavedhI 7 292 kriyate mAdhavAryeNa 15 582 kriyAvAneSa 4 kriyA hi vikalpyate 607 4 15 594 klezakarmavipAkAzaya 15 136 kvacidbhedasaMghAtAbhyAm 3. kSaNikAH sarvasaMskArAH 2 23 kSaraH sarvANi 280 ..kSINASTakarmaNo kSIyante cAsya 726 / kSeptuM cintAmaNim 16 19 628 w Ramanandsecr bhr 334 . . 148 . m 328 h m 205 155 589 134 s 3 116 s x m 231 154 203 bh < hmh

Page #873
836 uddharaNa kha khakhaSaTkadvike: ga gacchatAmahi gatvA gatvA nivartante gandho rasazca gambhIrottAnabhedena garbhaduti bAhyadbhuti galitAnalpa gAhate tadanirvAcya gItiSu sAmAkhyA guNaM prati daza guNaparyAyavaddravyaM guNabuddhidravya guNe dravyavyapekSe gurubhakyiH prasAdazca gururjano gRhItaM gRhazabdena gRhmIyAnnikSiped hasthakRta govindabhagavatpAsAcAryo goNI zuddhI ca grahaNasmaraNe grAhyaM vastupramANaM hi grAhyagrAhakaveryAt grAha grAhakasaMvitti gha ghaTavyomeba ghaTAdi jAyate ghaTIyantrasthitaghaTabhramaNa ghaTo'stIti na 60 15 1 3 15 .9 16 15 15 3 10 16 6 6 13 3 1 15 16 r 16 w 5 x m 8 15 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe pR0 618 21 145 619 86 328 330 727 603 619 133 363 698 258 257 519 143 21 326 613 695 85 61 62 684 314 616 151 uddharaNa ghAtayanti hi ca cakraM bibhata cakSurAdyuktaviSayaM calaM hi manaH cetanyaM kriyA cetanyamAtmA codanAlakSaNo codanA hi bhUtaM corApahAya cyuterhAniH k chadAMsi jajJire 5 1 15 caturNAmapi bauddhAnAM 2 caturbhyaH khalu 1 catuSprasthAnikA 2 catvAri zRGgANi 13 catvAri zRGgAH trayo 13 carANAM sthAvarANAM ca carmopamazcet carvaTiH kapilo cicid dve pare cintAM prakRti cetanAlakSaNI ja jagacca sRjatasyasya jagaccitraM namastasmai 60 jagajjanmasthiti jagadvyApAravarjam jananaM jIvanam 5 2 12 7 8 12 5 12 11 8 16 5 15 pR0 224 225 11 585 89 88 503 502 122 39 326 124 456 153 286 312 447 108 237 258 466 43.6 316 759 228 604

Page #874
uddharaNa janikarturiti janturakSArtha janmAdyasya yataH 17 33 37 "" " "1 janmoSadhimantratapaH japyamAnasya mantrasya jarI turI jahAti pUrva jAtimanye kriyA jAtirityucyate jAtyAkhyAyAmekasmin jAyate tannisargeNa jino devo jIvaM devAdizabdo jIvabhedo mithaH jIvasya paramekyaM 0 pR0 13 495 3 142 206 248 672 760 4 5 16 16 15 15 1 2 13 13 13 4 5 5 jIvAjIvAsrava jIvAjIva puNyapApayutau 3 jIvAjIva puNyapApe jIvezvarabhidA caiva 5 jJAtasambandhasyeva puMsaH 16 jJAtRjJeyamidaM 9 jJAte zivatve jJAte suvarNe jJAto yadyaparaM jJAnaM kriyA ca jJAnaM tapo'tha jJAnaM pUrvAparIbhUtaM jJAnadarzanacAritrA 8 8 9 8 uddharaNasUciH 3 3 557 606 21 51 517 516 522 115 153 177 231 233 135 146 153 231 709 331 304 204 335 310 257 128 uddharaNa jJAnamAtre vRthA jJAnasyAbhedino jJAnAdbhinno na jJAnendriyANi paJcaiva jyotiSTomena svargakAmo ta taM tvopaniSadaM taM dehavedha tajjanyAvRti tato bhUya iva tatkarmaNAmanu tattathyamapi tattu samanvayAt "" 16 tajjJAnAnmuktyabhAvAcca 16 tataH kAraNataH tataH svAbhAvikA: tatazca jIvanopAyo tato bhinne " tattvamasi "" "1 " 37 "1 " tattvavidyAvirodhI ca tattvAbhyAM bhUjalAbhyAM 3 153 tattvArthaM zraddhAnaM 12 5 4 1 16 4 7 3 4 5 16 4 4 5 5 16 16 16 16 16 15 3 837 pR0 272 65 128 87 487 248 329 674 654 271 199 21 695 197 293 122 208 250 760 161 182 233 234 649 658 671 758 683 619 118

Page #875
838 uddharaNa tatprAtibhAsika tatra jJAnaM svataH tatra tanmAtradhI tatra dravyaM dazAvat tatra patiH ziva tatra pratyekA tatra i tatrAdyo mala tatrASTo maNDalinaH tatpatyaM sa AtmA tatsarvaM tvayi tatsyAtpravRtti tatsyAdAlaya tatsvarUpataTa tathA kRtavyavastheyaM tathA jIvezvarau tathApi bhinne tathApi sUkSma tadajJAnamiti tadadvetazrutastAvat tadanantaramudhvaM tadayogavyavacchedaH tadarcAvibhava tadarthaM lIlayA tadAyattaphalakatvAt tadA zivamavijJAya tadeva tena vedyaM tadeva vAsudevAkhyaM tadevArthamAtra nirbhAsaM tadevayena binA tadekSana bahusyAm 60 16 8 16 4 7 15 15. 7 16 15 2 2 16 5 16 5 4 16 3 7 289 292 750 607 71 71 759 64 237 695 tapyAbhedagrAhiNI 237 | tamadbhutaM bAlaka 162 tamasyandhe 11 4 4 16 10 16 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe pR0 uddharaNa 726 | taddezinaM ca 310 tadddvAramapavargasya tadvIzcAdhyAsa 4 15 701 187 | taddhyAnaM prathameraGge 294 tadrUpapratyayekAcyA 623 | tadvadanugrahaNaM 600 tadapuH paJcabhiH tadvazA eva te dvidhAnavivakSAyAM tadviSNoH paramaM tadvyAvahArika tanuM samaya tannityaM vibhu tannivRttAviti tanmAtraviSayA tapa svAdhyAyezvara 752 | tamRte bhavenna 144 tameva bhrAnta 389 tarati zoka 198 | taratyavidyAm 193 | tarpaNaM dIpanam 725 336 tallabdhiviveka tasmAcchaktivibhAgena 686 || tasmAcchAnto 194 tasmAttaM rakSayetpiNDaM 577 tasmAtprameyA 8 310 tasmAt sadbodhakatvena 4 173 tasmAdacalataH da0 2 13 16 15 15 7 7 .5 3 5 16 9 7 7 16 15 15 15 9 5 7 4 16 2 15 4 13 15 9 2 12 pR0 51 525 683 623 623 283 283 238 148 226 727 326 285 296 701 555 602 558 332 224 279 311 161 744 604 204 523 563 323 69 486 51

Page #876
u TharaNa tasmAdapi SoDazakAt tasmAdidamanavadyaM tasmAd guNebhyo tasmAnmAtramiti tasminnAdhAya tasminprasanne tasminsati zvAsa tasminsatIda tasya prasAdhana tasya bhAvastvatalI tasyaivArthasya tAM prAtipAdikArtha ca tAttvikaM brahmaNaH tAni dRSTvA tu tAramAyAramAyogo tAravyomAgni tAsAmahaM varA tiSThAsorevamiccheva taSutaNDula tRtIyaH sakala: tRtIye kopa tena jJAtA tena proktam tena mAyA sahasraM tena yatra prayukto tenAnyasyAnyathA te vibhaktyantAH teSAM satata teSAmapyeka teSAmRgyatrArthavazena teste rapyupayAci da0 14 1 12 5 9 5 15 8 7 uddharaNasUciH 9 13 13 523 13 516 16 726 7 15 16 12 4 15 16 uddharaNa syAjyaM sukhaM 17 trayo vedasya 484 | triguNo dviguNo 231 tridhA prakalpayana 334 233 616 313 pR0 5.36 IS 328 517 9 333 15 606 15 605 7 295 313 295 289 619 duHkhaM saMsAriNaH 691 |duHkhajanmapravRtti 469 duHkhamAyatanaM caiva tridhA baddho tripadArthaM catuSpAda trividhaM pramANamiSTaM trividhaM satvaM tvaM purA sAgarotpanno tvaMzabdazcAparokSArthaM da dakSiNe tu kare dadatyavila dadAmi buddhiyogaM darzanAtsparzanAttasya dahyante dhyAyamAnAnAM dAtA bhogakaraH divyadarika dIkSAkAri dIpanagamana dIptAsthirA 172 duHkhasamudAya 593 duHkhAnuzayI 686 | sUkSmada dUrotsArita 13 510 4 2 15 603 |dRSTamanumAnaM 321 203 darzanazaktyo 60 dRSTacaitrasutotpatteH dRSTamAtrA: punantyete L 1 15 10 13 7 14 16 5 5 4 9 15 16 3 9 15 2 11 2 2 15 12 1 15 16 14 16 839 pR0 21 619 338 502 274 537 725 227 233 226 224 203 333 620 757 122 25.6 328 619 88 419 87 76 596 469 2 595 679 5.37 754

Page #877
840 sarvadarzavasaMgrahe . 5 242 294 G uddharaNa dRSTAnuzravika dRSTo na caikadezosti devAH kecinmahezAdyAH devAso yena devo manuSyo dezanA lokanAthAnAM dezabandhazcittasya 88 x x 231 m 242 753. 752 202 16 4 15 bhayabha 3 5 104 231 217 mr s 104 m s 16 16 6 10 10 4 pR0 / uddharaNa 600 dharmasya tadatadrUpa 104 dharmAnuvartanAdeva 326 dharmAyatana 225 dhamArthakAmAH 177 dharmiNastadviziSTatva dharmeNa pApamaya 555 dhIdhanA bAdhanA 623 / dhruvAsmRtiH 731 9| na ca tatrArtha 9 na ca nAzaM prayAtyeSa 663 | na ca vizeSaNa 688 na cAgamavidhiH 683 na cAtra pakSa 258 na cAnuvaditum 381 na cAnyArthapradhAna 363 na jAyate 187 na tadvastu | na tuSTaye mahezasya 334 na dvayorasti 231 nanvatra rajatAbhAsa 189 na prakAzyaM pramANena na prakRtirna 361 namitaH sarvadevezca na yatpramAda 360 na yAti na ca 363 nayAnazeSAn 505 na vijJAtu 230 na zakyaM kevalaM na sata: kAraNA 258 | na svarUpakatA s x dehaH sthaulyAdi dehasya nAzo dehAtmapratyayo doSAzcenna hi dopeNa karmaNA dravyaM kAla: dravyayuktakarmaniSpatti dravyabuddhizca dravyAdravyaprabhedAt dravyAzrayA nirguNA drAk tyajennindakaM dvAvimo puruSo dvA suparNA dvi catvAriMzatA dvitvatvapramiti dvitvAkhyaguNa dvitve ca pAkajotpattI dvitvodayasamaM dvidhA kezcitpadaM dvetaM na vidyata m 743 105 105 189 85 607 758 691 674 16 m m 143 h 537 10 m 227 s h 13 5 3 4 15 152 171 594 lh 56 dharmazcaMva pramAdazca 6 r 233

Page #878
udharaNasUciH 941 20 562 171 na svargo nApavargo vA na hi kazcitkSaNamapi na hi vijJAturvijJAteH na hasaMnihitam nAkAmiSTasukhaM nAjIvajJAsyati nAderAhita nAnAtmAno nAnAvoM bhaveta nAnumAnAdi nAnyadRSTaM smaratyanyaH 610 143 609 238 604 3 + 3 = 4 * * 20 189 | 8 8 x 327 249 179 744 496 757 7 16 & 4 684 332 713 2 15 pR0 / uvaraNa nirUDhA lakSaNAH 15 nirjarA saMmatA | nidizyamAnaprati 15 692 nirduHkhAnanda 5 502 | nirdoSatAM prayAntyAzu | nirvANasya pradIpasya 514 | nizcayAtsAdhayedartha | niSkarSAkata niSkalaM niSkriya 752 niSkAraNo dharmaH 285 nIcAnAM vasatI 648 nIlalohita nIlimeva viyatyeSA nRpaJcAyamahaM 9 48 nekaH paryanuyoktavyaH 592 nekatApi viruddhAnAM nekasminnasambhavAt 205 neyAyikAste 12 neva varNAzramAdInAM nyasyAntaHsthapRthivyAdi 15 233 nyAyAnAmekaniSThAnAM 248 545 701 pakSI vRkSo 151 paGgvandhavadubhayorapi 238 | paJcakAstvaSTa paJcanavadvaya 3 242 paJcame zUnyateva 232 | paJcavidhaM tatkRtyaM 7 153 paJcAdinyato 6 575 | paJcendriyANi 316 | patiH sAdyaH 4 203 4 160 476 20 250 55. = nAnyonubhAvyo nApnuvanti mahAtmAnaH nApyekava vidhA nAmadhAtvartha nAyamAtmA pravacanena nAyamAtmA bala nArAyaNaM sadA nArAyaNo'so nAvedavinmanute nAsato vidyate nAstitvaM seva nAstItyapi na niHsImatvena te nityajJAnAzrayaM nityamanityabhAvAt nityastasmAttadarthAya nityAnityAtmakaM nipAtAcopasargAya nirupAdAna s 5 5 14 16 w 177 552 m s 140 * 3 = 0 < x < x 4 m 283 272 mm bh 88 hm 264

Page #879
842 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe : 16677 154 16 679 334 m 79 4 203 - G Nx n n - G* w lh 14 14 15 552 552 628 289 333 252 7 patividhe tathA panAsanaM bhavedetat para bAlmA tadAnIM paramAnandakarasaM parasparavirodhe hi parAbhimatA paricchedAntarA pariNAmatApa paritaH pUjanIyAni paripakvamalA parivATakAmuka parizeSAtsmRtiH parIkSya lokA pararapyupalakSyeta paryaTati karma paryAyANAM prayogo paryAyeNeva pavitraM sarva pazavastrividhAH pazutvamUlaM pazuzcennihato pazvAdibhizcA pAdAGguSThI pAraM gataM pArado gadito pArAcAlaM samA pAzAnte ziva pAzAzcaturvidhAH pItazASako pItazvetAruNa pItimA gRhyate pR0 / uddharaNa 296 | puMsAM yenopa 614 puNyasya saMvare 285 putrotpattivipatti punarAvRttirahitaM | pura:sthite prameyAbdhI 254 puruSaH sa puruSavimokSa 594 puruSasya tathA 87 puruSasya darzanArtha 293 puruSArthazUnyAnAM 57 puryaSTakaM nAma 692 puryaSTakadeha 197 pUjanAdrasa 310 pUrNaprazastRtIyaH 290 pUrva lohe pUrva vyatyAsita 515 | pUrvepUrvodita 525 pUrvaprayogAt 288 pUrvaSAmati 257 pRthvI paJcaguNA pRthvyaptejo pRthvyAH palAni prakaraNavivaraNa prakaraNAdasaM 323 | prakalpyeta karSa 294 prakAzekyAta 286 prakRtiH prakRSTa 294 | prakRtipratyayo 697 prakRtirvAsanetyeSa 620 / prakRtisthityanubhava 697 | prakRtemahAMstataH 515 7 4 329 293 198 or 13 7 . . G 20 w x < - n n xnxxFmwG ---G G 619 619 614 6 6 6 . . 5 4 228 106 310 229 200 229 139 536 26

Page #880
: x uddharaNa prajJaptirUpo praNavAntaritaH pratimAdikam pratiyoginya pratyakSaM ca parokSaM pratyakSamanumAnaM pratyabhijJA yadA pratyekaM pazca pratyekaM vAyu pratyekaM sadasattvA praghamaM chandasA prathamaM parataH prathamastu hanumAna pradIpaH sarva pradhAnamalla prapavo yadi prapattizceti pramANatvaM svata: pramANatvApramANatve pramANadoSa pramANapadavIM pramANaprameya pramANavattvAdAyAtaH pramANAntaravAde pramANAntarasadbhAvaH pramANAntarasAmAnya pramAdAdrasa prameyaM pramitau prayatnAyopaca prayojanaM tu yada prayojanamanu da0 5. 15 4 16 3 2 12 15 15 16 13 12 5 11 4 5. 6 12 12 16 5 11 3 2 9 16 16 12 11 udharaNasUci pR0 uddharaNa 229 | prakamAkAleSu 604 pravAhakAla 193 pravRttirvA nivRttirSA 701 pravezaH karmaNAM 121 prasajyamAnarajata 88 prasannAtmA hari 473 prasuptAstattvalInAnAM 605 | prANAyAmena pavanaM 618 727 500 476 252 418 161 228 257 476 476 683 30 30 334 674 692 prANAyAmastu prApyate yena prArabhyante prAvRtIzo balaM prAsAdasyoparisthAnAM 473 436 prAhureSAma priyaM pathyaM vacaH priyA vAcaMyama 249 385 | baddhAJcheSA 91 bandhamokSa 331 bandhahetvabhAva bandha nirjara balabhogopa pha phalaM tatraiva ba baddhaH khecaratAM baLityA tadva bAdhakapratyaya bAdhAbhAvAtpadA bAdhikeva zrutiH bAlaH SoDaza da0 pR0 7 289 619 677 15 16 3 16 4 15 15 15 9 5 7 1 3 3 9 7 5 843 5 16 16 15 9 154 699 198 592 623 620 333 246 294 21 1-54 122 142 92 327 293 248 144 123 153 253 699 726 573 330

Page #881
sarvadarzanasaMgraha- . 2 86 122 20 3 154 533 bAlasya rakSatA bAlAgrazata bAhyAH prANA buddhipauruSahInAnAM jIvikA 1 buddhipauruSahInAnAM jIvike 1 buddhirmanastva 7 buddhIndriyANi 14 buddhyA vivicya bRhaspatirindrAya bauddhAnAM sugato brahmacaryamahiMsA brahmaNyeva brahma veda brahmahatyAM pramucyeta brahmA zivaH 5 497 15 16 2 16 618 744 62 744 576 xnxx 237 334 pR0 / uddharaNa 172 bhidyate hRdaya 190 | bhidyante bahudhA bhinnakAlaM kathaM bhinnA hi deza mukte na kevalI 291 | muvanAnAmupA 533 / bhUtAdestanmAtraH bhUmirardhapuTe bhUyazcAnte 87 bhedazca bhrAnti 613 bhedAbhedavAdinAM | bhedAvimau ca 228 ! bhedena manda 754 | 5 yugamadhya 237 maGgalAdIni maGgalAnantarA mataM hi jJAni 22 matizrutAvadhi madhyamAnAM tu manojavitvaM manodoSAta manobuddhiriti manovAkkAya mantradoSA mantravarNAnsamAlikhya mantrAMzca karo mantrAcareNa mantrANAM daza mantrANAM mAtR 482 mantrAyurveda 698 ' mantrArNasaMkhya bha 15 568 231 bhaktilakSmI bhaNDastadvat bhasmakAdiSu bhasmanA triSavaNaM bhasmIbhUtasya 119 n n n n n 573 15 625 691 89 190 120 bhAgo jIvaH bhAratAdhyayanaM bhAratAdhyayanatve bhAvanAbhi vitAni bhAvanicchAvazA bhAvAntarAmabhAvo bhAvAntarAdabhAvo bhAvo yathA tathA bhAsamAne tayo 465 123 x 1 aur 313 606 15 605 288 605 15605 604 11 389 604 163

Page #882
uddharaNa mantreNa vAriNA mantre malatrayaM mama deharamo mama deho'yam malamAyA karma malayuktastatrA malAdyasambhavA mahadAdyA: mahAmAyetyavidyeti mahAvratAni mahezvaro yathA mAMsAnAM khAdanaM mA karmaphala mAmupetya punaH mAyAM tu prakRti mAyAmAtra mAyA vikSipadajJAnaM mAyetyuktA mArgazcetyasya miti: samyakpari mithazca jaDa mithyAjJAnamadharma mithyAdarzanA mithyAbhAvo'pi muktAtmAnazca muktAtmAno'pi zivAH muktAnAM cAzrayo muktAstu zeSiNi muktAste rasa muktI sA ca jJAnA mukhyaM ca sarva da0 15 15 9 1 7 1) 7 14 5 8 1 15 4 4 5 16 5 11 5 3 16 6 7 5 4 9 5. N uddharaNasUciH pR0 uddharaNa 605 mukhyArthabAdhe 605 munayo bAla 323 muniryadanna 9 mumukSuradhi 288 muhavecitye 288 | mUcchito harati 282 | mUlaprakRti 5.30 229 123 317 22 607 195 172 228 729 229 87 389 231 257 254 286 mUlarAmAyaNaM mRtAnAmapi mRtyoH sa mRtyu meyaM sAdhAraNaM mevAruvaNyo 238 199 325 324 231 ya ya Atmani tiSThannAtmano ya Atmani tiSThan ya AtmanIti ya etaM brahmalokaM yaH syAtprAvaraNA yaccAnukUla yajamAnaH prastaraH yajjarayA 138 yato vA imAni 699 "" "" "" yato vAco yatkRtvA saMpradAyena yatnAdyadutsRjet yatnenAnumito yatra draSTA ca yatrApyatizayo 60 15 9 3 16 14 9 14 5. 1 4 - 4 4 4 4 5 16 16 9 4 16 16 15 3 16 13 12 845 pR0 608 326 143 758 547 327 528 249 20 161 317 227 176 192 194 173 335 249 652 748 330 208 248 760 673 606 143 750 523 469

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sarvadarzanasaMgraha va0 360 8 233 13 510 327 310 237 330 56 21 na do u want to r au* w x G x x x vaa pR0 | uddharaNa yasya na skhalitA yasya prasAdA yasyAnavayavaH yasyetAni na yA caiSAM prati yAtaviveko 237 yAvajjIvaM sukhaM yAvajjIvetsukhaM 329 yAvanto yAdRzAH 119 240 yugapattadvi yuja samAdhI 103 yujiyoge 525 ye cAtyaktazarIrAH 633 yena rUpeNa yenAGkitA yeneva jAtaM yogaH samAdhiH yogazcittavRtti 511 148 576 574 patrAso vartate yatsattakSaNikaM yathAzo jIva yathANimA , yathA nadyaH samu yathAnAdirmala yathA pakSI ca yathA yathArthA yayA lohe yamAvasthita yathA somyekena yathAsthitArtha yathA svapnaprapaJco'yaM yadagne rohitam yadantajJeya yadasatsvapi yadAcarmava yadA tadAna yadAzrityeva yadi gacchetparaM yadi cArtha yadeva pararUpA yadyanAdi na yamaniyamA yamarthamadhikRtya yameveva vRNute yazcobhayoH samo 15 15 325 3 3 3 5 117 225 15 15 576 554 16 314 744 330 a 293 x yogAruDhasya yoginAmapi yogI mAyAmameyAya ___576 yogyaM yanna 8 305 yojayati yo dharmazIlo 203 | yo mAmevama yo'yaM vijJAna 5 230 | yo yajjAnAti 92 | yo lokatraya 252 | yo'vabodhasta 12 464 231 599 713 471 x yasmAtsaramatIto yasminneva hi yasya trINyuditAni wG 280 231 * 119

Page #884
uddharaNa ra rakSohAgama raGgasya darzayitvA rajataM viSa rajatavyavahArA rasahyevAyaM rasazca pavana rasAGkameya so ve saH rAgAdijJAna rAgAdidoSasaM rAmAdInAM gaNo rAjIya jayArtha rucijinokta ruddhakIlita rUpyAderartha la lakSaNaM dRzyate lakSaNAropitA lakSmIrakSara lagkhAmanta labhyamAne phale lAmA malA liGgAdyabhAvA lumbitA: lezAdRSTinimi lokasiddho lokasyeSa tathA lokAtivAhi lokAdhInAva lokAvagata sAmarthyaH da0 13 14 16 16 9 9 16 2 16 3 15 16 9 15 5 3 12 6 16 3 11 1 8 3 15 16 uddharaNasUciH pR0 uddharaNa lohavedhastvayA laukikaM tadvadevedaM laukikavyavahAreSu laukikena pramANena 500 552 691 699 va 335 vatsavivRddhi 327 | vadatyabrAhmaNA 331 varNAH prajJAta 335 89 725 327 611 238 154 452 256 varSAtapAbhyAM vazIkRtya tataH vazyatA paramA 88 vasudhAdyastattva 757 vastuni jJAyate 115 vahantyahanizaM 606 / vahantyorubha 726 vAkpANipAda vAkyaMSvanekA vAcArambhaNaM vAcyA sA sarva vAyo rAmavaco vAyorva vAribIjena vArtAhareNa yAtasya 692 vAsacaryA 154 vAsudeva: paraM 391 | vAsudevaH svabhakteSu vikalpo vastu 9 321 vikArApagame 142 vikArApagamo 593 vikRto vyakti 747 vigalitasakala 60 9 16 14 15 13 2 15 15 7 4 15 15 14 13 415 16 726 3 5 13 5 15 15 16 4 4 13 13 847 7 pR0 329 663 550 592 511 39 623 622 290 163 618 618 533 149 240 524 252 618 605 679 257 191 193 85 523 523 296 334

Page #885
848 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe G - naya pR0 uddharaNa 592 | vettA navagaNa 88 | vedanamupAsanam 121 / vedamadhItya pR0 256 203 450 4 4 465 465 496 686 627 495 12 509 450 237 ura < 289 | vedasyAdhyayana 201 / vedAdhyayana 588 | vedanno vaidi 197 | vedyaH sa eva 317 vaidikena pramA 602 | vaidikeSu tu 455 / vaiyAkaraNA velakSaNyaM tamo vyaktayastAsu vyaktAvyaktA vyaktilabhyaM tu 627 vyabhicAravati vyavahAro'pi tattu 725 vyavahAro'pi tattu 504 vyAdhistyAna 641 vyAvartayitu 280 vyAvAbhAva vyAvahArikI 626 vyUhazcaturvidho bIhIjihAsati 311 uddharaNa vicchinnodAra vijJAnaM vedanA vijJAnaM svaparA vijJAnadhana vijJAnAkala vijJAya prajJA vitarkavicArA vidyAM cAvidyAM vidyAdijJApitaH vidhinoktena vidhestu niya vinApi vidhi vibhaktalakSaNa vibhavopAsane vimarza eva virAmapratyaya vilikhya mantra vivartate tadrajata vivartate'rthabhAvena vivartastu vivAdAdhyAsitaM viziSTaphaladAH vizokA vA viSayyantaH kRte viSNave SaT viSNuM sarvaguNeH viSNoH prazati vItarAgajanmA vRttAtkarmAdhi vRddhaprayoga vRddhirAdeca 12 258 473 689 695 605 698 585 16 16 4 720 752 194 * < < xxx 60m 613 617 za 13 14 490 545 92 238 zaM no devI 229 zaktasya zakya 190 zaktirAdhIyate 196 zaktirUpeNa 593 zaktyAviSkaraNe 568 | zaGkhasyendriya 7 296 16 698

Page #886
uddharaNasUciH 41 . 6 16 15 291 6 pR0 / uddharaNa 292 zrutigamyAtma 618 zrutiprApte zrutiliMga zrutisAhAyya zrutismRtisahA 17 zrutyoraMguSTha 179 zreyaH paraM ki 602 zvetAmbarAH 525 622 zatamaSTAdaza zatAni tatra zabda: sparzastathA zabdabrahmaNi zabdAdiSvanu zabde'nitye sA zabdestanvaMza zarIrazoSaNaM zAnta upAsIta zAnto dAnta zAstracintakAH zAstrapUrvake zAstrayonitvAta - 670 670 572 572 249 249 620 332 154 mr mr m m s < x 204 60 20 502 205 SaTkena yuga 665 TtriMzadguru | SaTzatAni 207| SaDdarzane SoDazakastu 760 ... 4 617 h m m m w 323 x 535 16 zuktikAyA. vizeSAH zuktikA rajata .026 m s 5 3 4 8 h m 211 137 198 310 709 0 m 137 194 603 89 - G: sa AtmA 654 sa bAsravaH 685 sa eva karuNA 725 sa eva vimRza 284 sa eSa coma saMkarSaNo vAsudevaH saMgho raktAmbara 292 saMcintya manasA 603 | saMpUjya brAhmaNa saMpUrNArthavinizcAyi 153 saMproktA nitya saMbandhibhedAta saMmAnana 288 saMyogo yoga saMvAde mahadA saMsAravIjabhUtAnAM h bh r r s 605 228. zuktIdamaMza zuddha'dhvani zivaH zubhaH puNyasya zeSAH pumAMsaH zeSA bhavanti zeSe yayuHzabdaH zevAgameSu zoko mithyA zocasaMtoSa zrIkaNThaH zata zrIkhaNDazca zrImatsAyaNa zrIzAGgapANi 54 sa0saM0 294 3 187 w m 292 457 574 0 0 h m m s 757 143

Page #887
850 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe da0 da0 pR0 d or Mor m s `r sh sh w sh sd m uddharaNa saMsArasya paraM saMskArA daza saMsthAnakyAdya sakaSAyatvA saccinnityanijA sajAtIyAH satkarmapudgalAH sattvaM tapyaM sattvapuruSAnyatA satya AtmA satyaM jJAnamanantaM 88 233 149 117 695 695 234 171 225 154 m m ` xxx xxx u n n n xx `r >> `r s s 522 228 r " 227 w 199 280 q s pR0 / uddharaNa 323 | sa mArga iti 606 samAzritAd brahma samuccayena samyagadarzanajJAna samyagrajatabodhastu samyagrajatabodhAcca 153 sa yathA zakuniH sa yathA saindhava 626 sa yAti naraka 227 sarojaharaNA 649 sarUpANAmeka 760 sarge'pi nopa sarvakartRtva 518 sarvajJaH sarva 227 sarvajJamava 698 sarvajJasadRzaM sarvajJoktatayA 227 sarvajJo jita 250 sarvajJo dRzya 582 sarvatazca yato 205 sarvathAvadya 310 sarvabhAveSu mUrchAyA 161 sarvAnaznuvate 658 sarveSAmiha savyena zaGkha | sa sarvavid 302 sa sarvavyava 564 sa svargaH sarvAna sahasramAtmane 329 sahasramekaM 695 / sahasrazIrSA s s 106 725 satyaM bhidA satyaM vastu tadA satyaH so asya satyapItAvabhAsena satyamithyAtmano satyamenamanu sadAgamaika sadA jJAtA sadA tadbhAva sadA zivAtma sadeva somyedamagra s 103 s kh 582 104 286 122 122 s s h w aur < 1 xxxx On 8 5 310 226 146 m 149 232 12 saptabhaGginayanyAyaH saptabhaGginayApekSo samastasaMpat samAdhAvacalA samAdhiH samatA samAnaM kurute samAneneva 15 470 450 617 617 332

Page #888
uddharaNa sahopalambha sAkSAtkAriNi sAGgaM ca sarahasyaM sA cekameva sAttvika ekAdazakaH sAdhakasya tu sAdhyavyApakatA sA nityA sA sApyapekSA vihInA sAmAnyalakSaNaM sAropAnyA tu sAdhaM ghaTIdvayaM sA velA maruto siddhe zabdArtha sukhAnuzayI sudarzanamahA suptiGantam supto'yaM matsamo supyajAtI sUkSme tadanu sUtraM vRtti sUtreNaikena sRkkiNyoH setuM dRSTvA vimu seyamAnvIkSikI seveta yogI sonAdimukta so'pahatapApmA so'pi paryanu somyekena mRtpiNDena so'yaM paramo 60 2 11 12 16 14 7 11 13 8 15 15 15 15 13 15 5 13 9 15 4 8 7 15 16 11 15 7 4 13 5 11 uddharaNasUciH pR0 62 390 459 725 533 283 434 516 313 595 613 617 618 519 596 .226 510 323 596 194 300 274 620 746 418 uddharaNa so'yaM satyo saukSmyAdavyavadhAnA sautrAntikena strIpuMnapuMsakatvena strImantrA vahni sthAnAdbIjA sthirasukham sparzarasagandha sphaTikaM vimalaM sphurito'pyasphurita sphoTanaM punaH smRtA sakAmA smRtyAto raja syAtparyaSTaka syAdasti syAt syAdvAdaH sarvathe syAdvAdasya syAnnAstIti syAnnipAto'rtha svatantraM para svatantrasyA svatantrokta svatantro bhagavAn svapitA yajamAnena svabhaktaM vAsudevo'pi 613 286 | svarasavAhI 192 597 svargasthitA 240 svaviSayAsaM 418 svaviSayasarva svarUpapararUpA da0 5 15 15. 15 15 3 13 9 3 16 7 3 3 3 3 15 5. 1 4 15. 4 1 15 851 pR0 231 219 85 603 603 594 614 132 515. 330 327 143 691 290 146 149 153 148 149 212 279 605. 212 20 195 598 163 21 621 50

Page #889
852 uddharaNa svasiddhaye parA svAtantryapUrNa svAtantryazakti svAdhyAyazauca svAvyayodhyetavyaH 17 svedanamardana da0 15 5 5 15 12 12 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe pR0 uddharaNa 612 ha 233 |hasitagIta 238 | hAsyalobhabhaya 613 | hiMsA ratyaratI 452 hiraNyagarbho 452 | hetutvameva ca 328 | heyaM hi kartR 60 3 15 2 3 pR0 265 123 153 570 68 124

Page #890
pariziSTa-5 zabdAnukramaNI adhyAsa ke bheda 683 | andhakAra 379 akRtakarmabhoga 97 ananubhASaNa | andhakAra kA vivecana akRtAbhyAgama 97, 425 anantavIrya 148 376 akhaMDa upAdhi 479 anabhirati 755 anyathAkhyAtivAda 718 akhyAtivAda 718 anavasAda 205 anyonyAbhAva 382, 383 agni-purANa 226 anavasthAdoSa 12, 14, anyonyAzraya 14, 218 aghorazivAcArya275, 290 26, 39, 41, 42, 221, 401 aMka 225 43, 401, 529 anvaya-vidhi, 24 acit 186, 191 anityasama 413 anvitAbhidhAnavAda 488 ajar3a anirvacanIyakhyA apakarSasama 409 ajapAmaMtra tivAda aparigrahavata 123 ajJAna 163, 168, 416 | anutpattisama apavarga 396 atadguNasaMvijJAna 207 | anuddharSa 205 apavarga ke sAdhana 409 atiprasaMga anupalabdha 165 apavAda atizaya anupalabdhisama apasiddhAnta 416 atyantAbhAva 16, 383 anubandha 561, 571 Agarthaka 416 'atha' kA artha - 569 anubhavabandha 139, 141 apUrvatA 657 advetabrahmatattva 524 anumAna-pramANa9.10,104, apUrva-vidhi 448 advaitavAda 168,223-24,338, apekSAbuddhi 360, 364 adveta-vedAnta 392 437-38 366-67 advaitasiddhi anuzayI apauruSeya 467 adhika ata-doSa aprAptakAla 416 adhikaraNa 447 anekAntavAda 95, aprAptitama adhikaraNa siddhAnta 399 147, aprAmANya 476 adhipati 73 anekAntika 432 abhavyajIva 128 adhyayana-vidhi 450 antaHkaraNa 290 abhAva 164-65. adhyApana-vidhi 459 antarAya abhAva kA khaMDana 700 adhyAsa 682 | antaryAmI : abhAva kA vivecana 381 645 416

Page #891
854 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe 140 276 122 abhidharmakoza 75, 83 | avidyA 80, 162, 723, | AbhAsavAda abhidhAnavRtti 407 730 | Ayukarma abhinavagupta 301, 302 avidyA para Apatti 589 AraMbhavAda 682 abhiniveza 598-99 avinAbhAva 11, 13, 23, ArthIbhAvanA 453 abhihinAnvayavAda 488 719 Aryadeva abhedavAda 186 avirati Azaya 280, 599 abhya sa 205, 600, 657 avizeSasama 412 AzrayAsiddhi 406 abhyupagama siddhAnta 399 avyakta 187 Asana 556, 614 amanaska 130 aSTaprakaraNa Alambana 74, 99 amarakaza 561 asandeha 501 Alaya vijJAna 69-71 ayaskAnta-maNi 581 asatkhyAtivAda 718 AvaraNa 110 araghaTTa-ghaTI 618 asamavAyikAraNa 349 Asrava 143 arcA 192 asiddha yA sAdhyasama 406 AhAraka artha 395, 417 asteyavrata indriya 395, 417 arthakriyA 319-20 asmitA arthakriyAkAritva 33, 35 ahiMmAvata 122 IryAsamiti 143 37, 68 ahirbudhnyasaMhitA 275 Izvara kA nirUpaNa 191 arthakriyAkArI Izvara 116, 186, 272, arthavAda 104, 488,657 Agama 338, 501 435, 436 arthAntara . 415 Agama-pramANa Izvara kA kartRtva 433 arthApatti-pramANa AcAra 57 Izvara kI sattA 429 173 AtmajJAna . 756 | Izvara kI sevA ke arthApattisama 412 Atmatattvaviveka 388 niyama 225 arhata 103 Atmatva kA lakSaNa 357 IzvarakRSNa 533 avaghAtavidhi 450 / AtmA 8, 394, 401 | Izvara-praNidhAna 555 avadhi AtmAzraya 14, 401 / Izvara-siddhi 394, 430 avayava 399 AdAnasamiti 143 avarNyasama Adhidaivika 201 / ucchedavAda 57 avasthApariNAma Adhibhautika uNDaka 63, 729 avijJAtArtha 415 AdhyAtmika utkarSasama 409 avitatkaraNa 267 AnvIkSikI 386 utpatti 454 avitadbhASaNa / Aptavacana 538 utpalAcArya 301, 306 A 107, 4 . 2010 267

Page #892
f utsarga utsarga-samiti udayanAcArya 26, 337, 388, 474, 483 udAharaNa uddeza upakAra upakrama upacAra-vRtti upanaya upapatti upapattisama upamAna upamiti uparAga upalabdhisama upasaMhAra upaskAra upAdAna upAsanA umAsvAti umbeka Uha upAdAna kAraNa 183 upAdhi 11, 15, 16, 17, 479 194 118 458 U e epikyurasa erisTipasa eSaNAsamiti au 402 aupazamika 143 | olUkya refre audArika 399 342, 386 39 657 407 400 659 413 14, 393 14 581 413 657 338 50 zabdAnukramaNI ka kaNAda 337. kathA 751 kaSAya 138 karma 344, 350, 599 karma ke bheda 358 karmapravacanIya kalpataru kalpanA-gaurava kalyANa kAMTa kAnticandra pANDeya kAmAyanI kAyayoga 127 337 kevala keTa kevalya 505 645 484 205 84 301 301 136 128 kulAcAra 135 | kusumAJjali kRtapraNAza kAla kAlAtIta yA bAdhita 406 501 kAzikAvRtti 493, 502 kiNva 4 kiraNAvalI koza krAthana kriyA kriyApAda kriyAyoga kAyavyUha 159 kSipta kAraNa 264 |kSemarAja kArmaNa 135 kArya kA nirUpaNa 262 kArya-kAraNa- bhAva 19, 317 kAryasama kArya kA lakSaNa bhaTTa kriyAzakti kleza kSaNaprakriyA kSaNika kSaNikavAda kSaNikavAdI kSAyika 133, 188 gavaya kha khaNDana - khaNDa - khAdya 414 ga 356 / gaGgeza upAdhyAya guNatva 4 338 gupti 4 kumAralAta 81 143 kumArilabhaTTa 163, 458 510 324 26 855 601 310 589 369 31, 36, 65 48,99 97, 425 120 509 628 388 154 guNa 133, 134, 344 | guNa ke bheda 357 guru kA svarUpa gurumata gotra-karma gautama grahaNa 518 324 367 205 277 18, 338, 645, 752 38 127 584 302 347, 348 144 25. 105, 65 145 385, 487 695

Page #893
sarvararzanasaMgrahe 226 0 277 | tattva-jJAna 300 729 cita 163 109 154 403 jJAnAvaraNa 139 / taittirIya upaniSada 226 cakraka doSa | DeviDa hyUma 25 tejasa 135 cakradhAraNa totAtita 511 caturindriya 130 vasa 130 taTasthalaHNa catussUtrI 759 .759 tattvacinAmaNi trika-darzana 388 candrakIti zrIndriya 130 caryApAda preyambaka-darzana cArvAka 3, 4, 190. tattvadIdhiti 389 cArvAka-mata sAra 20 tattvamasi kA artha 173, cikitsAzAstra 174, 233, 234 dazapadArthI 338 186 tasvamImAMsA 186 darzanAvaraNa citsukhAcArya | tattvamuktAvalI 178 | dik kA lakSaNa codanA | tattva-vaizAradI 592 digambara tattvasamAsa 535 diGnAga 59, 387 tattvArthAdhigamasUtra 118 duHkha 31, 64, 76, 396, 419, 420 23, 26 187 tadguNasaMvijJAna 207 duHkhAnta jala 403 tanukleza duHkhAnta kA nirUpaNa 260 janma 84 dRzyajagata tantravArtika 458 jayantabhaTTa 98, 388 dRSTAnta tanmAtra jayaratha 302 tapa 555, 602 dehAtmavAda jarAmaraNa 80 doSa 396, 417, 420 jAti tamoguNa 80, 408 | 479, 520 | dravya 343 jAtikhaNDana 473 tarkavAgIza 388 | dravya ko padArtha mAnane | tarkavidyA jIva 158, 189, 666 vAle 518 jIvanmukti 322, 323, tarkasaMgraha dravyatva 347 tAtparyaTIkA dvitva kI utpatti 361 jainamata 153, 666 dvitva saMkhyA 363 jana tatva-mImAMsA 124 tAtparyAcArya 388 dvIndriya jaimini 458 tAdAtmya 23, 27 | deSa 595 zapti 485 | tApaduHkha 595 | deta kA pratipAdana 228 jJAnazakti 310/ tRSNA 80 detavAda ke tatva 212 tadutpatti jar3a W10 397 532 tarka 400 386 338 385 331 tAtparyavRtti 407

Page #894
zamAnukamanI 857 dharma 505 padArtha 474 518 nirarthaka 415 | paJcadazI 325, 645 nirAkAra jJAna 101 paJcendriya 131 34 pati nirIzvara sAMkhya533,553 dharmakIti 276, 277 59 387 dharmapariNAma pada-bheda nirodha 583 76 nirguNavAda 185 dharmapAla 274 nijaMrA padArthadharma graha dharmabhedavAdI 216, 220 142-143 337 402 nirNaya padArthoM kI saMkhyA 345 dharmI 221 padmanandI nirvikalpaka 84, 85,181 dhAraNA 145 557, 623 dhyAna nivizeSa brahma | parataH prAmANyavAda 477 557, 623 181 nizcita aprAmANya paramANu 315 372 dhvanyAtmaka zabda niSedha 105 paramAtmA 177 nItizataka 326 paramezvara naraka nIlAdikSaNa parArthAnumAna 14 nAgArjuna 54, 387 nedaM rajatam 698 pariNAma 583, 640 nAgeza naimittika kAraNa 41 pariNAma duHkha 594 472 pariNAmavAda 527 631 nAnAtva-niSedha nyAyakaNikA 388 nyAyakusumAMjali nAmakaraNa 225 227 parisaMkhyA-vidhi 448 nAma karma nyAyabindu parIkSA 105 23, 387 nAmadheya 386 43 gyAyabhUSaNa 475 paryanuyojyopekSaNa 326 nAradapurANa 416 nyAyamaJjarI 98, 388 nArAyaNakaNTha 134 10,410 579 nyAyaratnAvalI | pazu nigamana 276 285, 288 pAcarAtrarahasya nyAyazAstra 385, 417 nigrahasthAna 198 nyAyasAra 388 pArada nitya 322 323 nityavibhUti nyAyasiddhAntamuktAvalI pArada-liMga 333 pAriNAmika nityasama 128 nimitta kAraNa nyAyasUtra 306 pArthasArathimizra 458 niyati pAza 276 niyama 256 556 613 | pAzupata-sUtra pa niyAmaka svabhAva 23 | pakSa 269 piTharapAkaprakriyA 696 niranuyojyAnuyoga 416 pakSadharmatA 10 | pItaH zavaH nirapekSa Izvara 269 / paJcakAraNI 26 pIlupAkaprakriyA 269 185 715 682 paryAya 293 '188 338 nyUna 416

Page #895
pudgala 337 46 592 sarvadarzanasaMgrahepuNyarAja 506 / pratiyogI 221 / prayojya 313 132 | pratItyasamutpAda 7980 | pralaya 184, 552 punarukta-doSa 7 416 pratyakSapramANa 104, 391- pralayAkala 288, 289 puruSa-tattva 536 . 92, 537 pravRtti 395, 417, 419 puruSa-sUkta 466 pratyagAtmA 317 pravRttinimitta 478 puruSArtha 334 pratyanumAna pravRttivijJAna 70, 71 puryaSTaka 289-90 pratyabhijJA 298, 300, prazastapAda pUrNapraja-darzana 251 308, 321, 467 prasaMgaviparyaya pUrvavat anumAna 538 | pratyabhijJAna 471 prasagasama 411 pRthivIkAya pratyayavAda 313 prasaMgAnumAna 45 pauruSeya-siddhi 466 pratyayopanibandhana prasupta kleza 77 prakaraNa prAgabhAva 382 pratyAhAra 556, 621 prakaraNasama ( satpratipakSa) pradezabandha 139, 141, prANAyAma 556, 614, 405, 412 142 prAtipadikArtha prakIrNa-kANDa 505 | pradhAna 529, 549 prApti 454 528 pradhAna yA prakRti kI prAptisama prakRti aura avidyA 638 siddhi 546 prAmANya 476, 481 prakRti puruSa kA pradhvaMsAbhAva 383 485 sambandha 551 prapaJca 753 prAmANyavAda 476 prakRti-pratyaya 489 prapaJca kI satyatA 182 prakRtibandha 139 141 prabhAkara guru 163, 458 pratyabhAva 396, 417 pracchannabauda pratijJA prabhAkara-mata 461, 700 pratijJAntara " . 415 prabhAcandra 103 pratijJAvirodha 415 pramANa 30, 389, 391 baddha-pArada 327-28 pratijJAsaMnyAsa pramANa-vArtika 23, 387. bandha 137, 144 pratijJAhAni 415 pramANa samunvaya 307 bandhana 139 pratitantra-siddhAnta pramANazAstra bandhana ke kAraNa 138 399 pramANAbhAsa bahuvrIhi samAsa 492 pratidRSTAntasama 411 pramAda 138 | bAdhita pratipadapATha 497 498 prameyakamalamArtaNDa 103 / bAhyArthapratyakSalvavAda 81 pratibandhi-kalpanA 401 / prayojana 313, 397 / bAhyArthazUnyatvavAda 60 prakRti 510 546 380 386 432

Page #896
bindu buddhapAlita bRhadravyasaMgraha bahya brahmakANDa 504 brahma kA lakSaNa 206, 248 brahma ke viSaya meM pramANa brahmacaryavrata brahmajijJAsA brahmasiddhi brahmasUtra brahmANDapurANa bha bhakti bhajana bhartRhari bhava bhavabhaMga 294 54 134 339 bhAskarakaNTha bhedavAda 204 225, 227 326 zabdAnukramaNI 80 98 bhavyajIva 128 bhasmaka- doSa 713 bhAgavata 190 bhATTanata 105, 447, 653 bhAradvAja udyotakara 387 bhAvanA bhedasiddhi bhedAbhedavAda bhojarAja 438, 645 416 207 119,188 122 121 200 mathurAnAtha 388-89 645 madhupratIkA 589,600, ma maNDana mizra manAnujJA mati matijJAna 195 626 226 madhumato589, 600, 625 395 mana manaH paryAya 212, 213, 237 186 283 manastva kA lakSaNa manoyoga 136 mantra 105, 282, 488, 603 mantroM ke dasa saMskAra 604 mandana 120 357 mahAvibhASA 339, 452 mahAsattA bhAvanA-catuSTaya 31 | mahezvara bhASA - pariccheda 338, 367 bhASA samiti bhAsarvajJa mahattatva mahAbhArata tAtparyanirNaya mahodaya ( mokSa ) mANDavya RSi 142 388 | mANDukya kArikA mAdhyamika mAdhyamika kArikA 32, 57 32 228, 296 mAyA mAyA aura avidyA 728 mAyAvAdI 166 76 467 mArga mAlatI - mAdhava mithyA kA khaNDana mithyAjJAna mithyAdarzana mithyAropaNa mizra mImAMsA mImAMsA darzana kA murAri mizra mUr3ha mUrcchita pArada 267 |mRgamarIcikA 531 mRta pArada maitreyanAtha 229 283 516 311 64 216 | mohanIya karma 228, ya 302 230, 644 yama 186 | mAdhavAcAryaM 146, 438 | yazomitra upasaMhAra 487 mukti 194, 330, 426, 428 859 242 419, 703 137 472 128 439 mokSa kA svarUpa mokSa-prApti mokSabhaMga 459 584 749 327 59 mokSa 8, 53, 144, 232, 424, 425, 558 422 272 98 327 140 556, 613 8 1

Page #897
860 yAjJavalkya yAmunAcArya yoga yoga kA artha yoga ke ATha aMga yogapAda yogarAja yogazAstra yogasUtra yogAcAra ra rAmAnujAcArya rAhoH ziraH rUpa rakSA raghunAtha bhaTTAcArya rajoguNa rasa rasahRdaya rasArNava rasezvara - siddhAnta rAga rAmakaNTha rAmakANDa la rUpakAtizayokti rUpaskandha lakSaNa lakSaNapariNAma lakSaNA lakSaNAvalI 57, 264 | liGga 277 302 629 554 31, 32, 58 576 lakSmaNagupta 206 laGkAvatAra-sUtra 501 388 534 328 326 323, 329 326 595 275, 301 291 459 sarvadarzanasaMgrahe 584 lIlAvatI 613 lokAyata logAkSibhAskara 342, 386 va varadarAja varNyasama vasubandhu vAkya 8 185 vikAra 189 vikSipta 75 vikSepa vijAtIya vijJAna 301 56 vAkkANDa 506 vAkyapadIya 13, 504 - 506 vAgyoga 136 vAcaspati mizra 387 458, 533, 641 vAjapyAyana 521, 522 vAtsyAyana 387, 418 vAda 402 vAdazAstra 386 vAyutatva 616, 620 vAsanA 71 vAsudeva sArvabhauma 388 vikalpasama 583 vijJAnavAda 607-608 vijJAnavAdI 338 vijJAnaskandha 10, 85, 441 338 4 338 vibhAgajavibhAga 301 409 59, 75, 83 442, 454 287 vijJAnAkala vitaNDA 403 vidhi 105, 265, 488 vipAka 599 vibhava 192 vimarza vimoka viruddha vivaraNa vivarta vivartavAda viveka vivekacUr3AmaNi 55 vizeSa 344, 351, 359 vizokA 589, 625 451 338 446 218 233 600 410 454, 528 585 416 213 | vedAnta-sUtra 280 vaikriyika veja / tya vaidharmya sama 370, 375 312 204 vizvajita nyAya vizvanAtha viSaya viSNutattva nirNaya viSNupurANa vRttinirodha dedanA vedanAskandha vedanIyakarma vedAntadezika 405, 432 645 528, 640 527, 546 204 58 668 75 vaibhASika 80 75 139 178 641 135 402 409 31-32, 33

Page #898
vairAgya 80 54 54 453 | saMga 5 saMgraha 304 sambAnukamaNI 861 600 zabdabrahma "525 / zrutipramANa 171, 172, vaizeSika 337, 659 maaly'ki 227 vaizeSika-sUtra 340 zabdazaktiprakAzikA 389 zlokavArtika 458, 500 vaiSNava-darzana 254 zabdAnityatva 470 zvetAmbara 154 vyakti 520 zAndAnuzAsana 490, 491 zvetAzvatara upaniSada vyatireka-vidhi 24, 25 zarIra 395, 417 339, 548 vyabhicAra 24, 26 zarIra kI nityatA 332 vyAkaraNa 489 zAkta-sampradAya 745 | SaDAyatana vyAkaraNa ke prayojana 500 zAntarakSita SaDdarzana-samuccaya 4 vyAkaraNa se mokSaprApti zAntideva SaSTitantra 535 525 | zAbdabodha 491 vyAghAta 25, 401, 468 zAndI-bhAvanA vyAghAta-doSa 7 zAzvatavAda saMgati ___446, 672 vyADi 521, 522 | zAstroM kA samavanya 209 146 vyApti zivadRSTi saMghabhadra 83 vyAptijJAna zivasaMhitA 275 saMjJAskandha 75 vyApyatvAsiddhi 16, 406 zivAditya saMdigdha aprAmANya 484 vyAvahArika sattA 57 zUnya 31, 56, 64 saMprajJAta samAdhi vyutpattinimitta 577 zUnya kI bhAvanA 54 saMbaMdhasamudeza vyutpattivAda 387 zUnyavAda saMvara 142 192 zeSalakSaNa paSThI saMzaya 397 417, 446 vyomavatI zeSavat anumAna 538 saMzayavAda 25 vyomazivAcArya 337 zevAgama 274 saMzayasama 412 zevAgamasiddhAnta saMsargAbhAva 382 zaMkaramizra 338, 389 | | zrRMgAraNa saMsAra 420-21 zaMkarAcArya zrIkaNTha saMsArI zakti 296, 346 zrIdhara 339 saMskAra 80,454 zaktigraha 13 | zrIbhASya saMskAra duHkha 595, zaktivAda 389 | zrIlAbha saMskArazeSA 589, 600, zabarasvAmI 458 | zrIvatsa 625 85, 393 zrutajJAna saMskAraskandha 75 zabda-praNAma 104 | zruti sakala jIva 288, 292 vyUha 494 337 274 267 64 120 zabda

Page #899
862 sarvadarzanasaMgraha . 302 122 82 150 sthAvara 529 sajAtIya 213 / savivAra 588 , siddhAntabindu 578 satkArya 542 | savitarkasamAdhi 587 | subhaTadatta sattA 515, 517, 725 savyabhicAra 403, 468 | surezvarAcArya 645 sattvaguNa 534 sahakArI 39, 74 sakSma 192, 193 satpratipakSa 432 sahopalabhbha-niyama 65 / sRSTi 185 satya jagata sAMkhyakArikA 320,530, | sezvara-sAMkhya 533, 554 satyavrata 535 somAnanda 301 sandeha sAMkhyadarzana 634 sautrAntika 32, 33, 81 saptapadArthI 338 sAMkhyadarzana ke tattva 527 / skandha 75 saptamaGgInaya 169, 183 sAMkhya-pramANa-mImAMsA sthaviravAdI samanantara 74 537 sthAna 442 samanaska sAMkhya-pravacana 554 samavAya 344, 352, 359 sAMkhya-pravacana-sUtra sthitibandha 139, 140, samavAyi kAraNa 349 sAMpratika 662 141 samAkhyA sAkArajJAnavAda 101 sthiramati samAdhi 557, 576 sAdRzya 346 spanda 300 samAdhi kA nirUpaNa 587 sAdhana-catuSTaya 566 spandana samAdhiprApti 601 sAdharmyasama sparza 80 samAnatantra sAdhAraNa 404 sphoTa 507, 509 samAnAdhikaraNa sphoTasiddhi 512 samAnAbhihAra sAdhyasama 410 smaraNa 690 samAvartana 456 sAnanda samAdhi 588 smRtibhaGga samiti 142 sAmAnya 51, 344, 351, syAdvAda 95,147, 149 samyakcAritra 121 359 480 syAdvAdamaMjarI 151 samyak jJAna 119 sAmAnya kA khaMDana 49 svagata-bheda 213 samyak darzana 117-18 / sAmAnyatodRSTa 538 svataH prAmANya 478,483, savaMga sArasvata iSTi 497 485 sarvajJa sAvayavatva ke pA~ca svarUpa-bhedavAdI 216,218 sarvatantra siddhAnta 399 vikalpa svarUpalakSaNa 759 sarvasiddhAnta saMgraha 66 / sAsmita samAdhi 589 svarUpa-sambodhana 128 sarvAstivAdI 82 siddhAnta 417, 446, | svarUpAsiddha 45, 406 savikalpa 85, 181 631 267 409 337 28 / sAdhya 98 117 / /

Page #900
zabAnukramaNI 863 svalakSaNa 78 svavaza / hetUnapayibandhana 275 | hetvantara 506 hetvAbhAsa 45,403, 417 399 hemacandrasUri 103, 142 412 / helArAja 506 svAdhyAya svArthAnumAna haradatta zivAcArya harivRSabha 525, 602 hetu 13 | hetusama