Sucharitram

Author(s): Vijayraj Acharya, Shantichandra Mehta
Publisher: Akhil Bharatvarshiya Sadhumargi Shantkranti Jain Shravak Sangh
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002327/1

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sucaritrama AcArya vijaya rAja

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AcArya vijaya rAja kRti jinakI kalyANakArI AkRti jinakI AhlAdakArI prakRti jinakI pAvanakArI pravRtti jinakI priyakArI dezanA jinakI hitakArI upAsanA jinakI zreyakArI caritram sucAramA soca jinakI sakArAtmaka ciMtana jinakA guNAtmaka lekhana jinakA racanAtmaka pravacana jinakA preraNAtmaka jIvana jinakA sRjanAtmaka vyavahAra jinakA sadbhAvAtmaka AcAra meM pavitratA vicAra meM udAratA vyavahAra meM pAradarzitA tapa meM tejasvitA tyAga meM prakharatA jIvana meM sAtvikatA bhASA meM mAdhuryatA vANI meM ojasvitA svabhAva meM vinamratA anuzAsana meM kaThoratA prabhu bhakti meM tallInatA gurubhakti meM tanmayatA aise bAhya evaM AbhyAntara guNoM se sampanna aSTa saMpadA ke dhAraka AcArya pravara ko zata-zata namana

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sucaritram

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| Apake samIkSArtha evaM sujhAva hetu anurodha hai| sucaritram -lekhaka AcArya vijaya - sampAdaka / zAticandra mehatA -prakAzaka zrI akhila bhAratavarSIya sAdhumArgI zAntakrAti jaina zrAvaka saMgha, udayapura

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SUCHARITRAM By Acharya Vijay prastAvanA mahAsthavira zravaNa zreSTha vidvadvarya tapasvI paM. zAnti muni jI ma.sA. sampAdaka zAnticandra mehatA prakAzaka zrI a.bhA.sA. zAntakrAMti jaina zrAvaka saMgha hiraNa magarI, sekTara-3, udayapura (rAjasthAna) - artha sahayogI sva. zrI bApUlAla jI zrI anokhIlAla jI zrI hastImala jI dalAla khAtaror3a (ma.pra.) vAloM kI puNya smRti meM dalAla parivAra iMdaura dvArA sahayoga pradAna kiyA gyaa| prathama saMskaraNa : varSa 2009-- pratiyA~ : 1000. mUlya : 200.00 ru.(pustakAlayoM Adi ke lie chUTa) mudraka garimA oNphaseTa rIko dvitIya, gAyatrI nagara, ajamera ror3a, byAvara (rAja.) phona :01462-226456,9414010110 prApti sthAna pradhAna kAryAlaya taruNAcArya vijaya jJAna bhaNDAra 279-eca, navakAra bhavana, navakAra bhavana, mevAr3I geTa bAhara, hiraNa magarI, sekTara-3, udayapura-313 002 byAvara (rAja.) 305 901

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prakAzakIya anAdi kAla se pravAhita nirgrantha zramaNa saMskRti kI yaha pavitra dhArA aneka utAra-car3hAvoM ke uparAnta bhI anavarata gatizIla rahI hai| prabhu AdinAtha-RSabhadeva se lekara carama tIrthaMkara prabhu mahAvIra ne isakA yathA samaya punaruddhAra kiyA aura apanI amUlya pAvanI vItarAga vAgdhArA ke dvArA hajAroM lAkhoM nahIM karor3oM mAnavoM ko Atma zAMti-parama mukti kA punIta pAtheya pradAna kiyaa| ___ prabhu mahAvIra ke pazcAt bhI kAla krama se vahI dhArA AcArya paramparA ke dvArA pravAhita ho rahI hai jo Aja bhI pravAhamAna hai| kintu yaha bhI nitAMta satya hai ki ahiMsA pradhAna evaM nivRtti paraka isa jaina saMskRti kI dhArA ko samaya-samaya para aneka thaper3e bhI sahana karane par3e haiM, anekoM bAra ise naSTa hone se bacAne meM AcAryoM ne apanI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA adA kI hai| jaba-jaba bhI isakI dArzanika avadhAraNA evaM AcAra paramparA meM zithilatA ne praveza kiyA to punaH AcAryoM ne krAMti kI mazAla jalAkara ise tejasvitA aura Aloka pradAna kiyA hai| yaha bhI aitihAsika tathya hai ki jaba-jaba bhI krAMti ghaTita huI eka nUtana saMgha paramparA kA sUtrapAta hotA gyaa| isa prakAra yaha dhArA anekoM avAntara upadhArAoM meM vibhakta hotI gaI aura Aja sthiti yahA~ taka pahuMca gaI hai ki isakI mUla dhArA kaunasI hai isakA bhI patA lagAnA atyaMta kaThina ho gayA hai| tathApi yaha nirvivAda rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki kisI na kisI rUpa meM nirgrantha zramaNa saMskRti kiMvA jaina saMskRti Aja bhI apanI maulikatA meM vidyamAna hai aura anavarata pravAhamAna hai| zramaNa saMskRti kI isa pavitra dhArA ko apane mUla rUpa meM kAyama rakhane vAle mahApuruSoM meM AcAra krAMti kI dRSTi se mahAn krAMtivIra zrI lokAzAha evaM mahAn kriyoddhAraka AcArya pravara zrI hukmIcanda jI ma.sA. kA nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| jisa samaya zramaNa paramparA meM atyadhika zithilAcAra kA praveza hone lagA, nirgrantha zramaNa apanI apratibaddha vihAracaryA kI maryAdA ko bhUlakara AzramaupAzrayavAsI hone lage, ziSyoM ke vyAmoha meM sAdhutA chinna-bhinna hone lagI, aise samaya meM AcArya zrI hukmIcanda jI ma.sA. ne AcAra krAMti kA zaMkhanAda kiyaa| __ ve AcAra zaithilya dekhakara apane guru AcArya zrI lAlacanda jI ma.sA. se pRthaka hokara vicaraNa karane lge| zramaNa jIvana kI vizuddha ArAdhanA hetu kaThora niyamoM kA pAlana kara svayaM ke AcaraNa ke dvArA unhoMne AcAra krAMti kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| yadyapi isa prakAra alaga hokara vicaraNa se unake guru AcArya zrI lAlacanda jI ma.sA. unase bahuta nArAja hue aura unheM kisI prakAra kA sahayoga nahIM dene kI ghoSaNA karate rahe, phira bhI ve unake guNAnuvAda karate hue unakA upakAra mAnate rahe tathA jina zAsana kI bhavya prabhAvanA karate rhe| unake AcAra-vicAra se prabhAvita hokara aneka vyaktiyoM ne unake pAsa sAdhu jIvana svIkAra kiyaa| AcArya zrI hukmIcanda jI ma.sA. ucca koTi ke tapasvI evaM ucca kriyA ke dhAraka to the hI para Agamika gambhIra adhyetA bhI the| zanaiH zanaiH ApakI dhavala kIrti

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sucaritram digdiganta meM phailane lagI aura hajAroM bhakta ApakI caraNa sannidhi ke lie lAlAyita rahane lge| 'tiNNANaM tArayANaM' ke patha para gatizIla AcArya pravara ne aneka mumukSuoM ko saMyama evaM dezavratI zrAvakatva pradAna kiyA aura isa prakAra sahaja hI caturvidha saMgha kA pravartana ho gyaa| samudra meM jisa prakAra dUra se gaMgA kI dhArA alaga-thalaga dikhAI detI hai usI prakAra jina zAsana rUpI samudra meM AcArya pravara zrI hukammIcanda jI ma.sA. kI yaha saMgha dhArA alaga-thalaga sI parilakSita hone lgii| jo krAMti kI dhArA AcArya pravara zrI hukmIcanda jI ma.sA. ne calAI use AcArya paramparA ne anavarata gati dI aura AcArya zrI nAneza ke samaya isane prakharatA prApta kii| parama prasannatA kA viSaya hai ki AcArya zrI hukmIcanda jI ma.sA. kI krAMti ko gati dene ke lie Aja prajJAnidhi zAsana gaurava AcArya zrI vijayarAja jI ma.sA. unake navam paTTadhara banakara usameM apanI samidhA arpita kara saMgha saMcAlana kA kArya kara rahe haiN| unake dizA nirdezana meM Aja saMgha . anavarata pragati kara rahA hai| zrI akhila bhAratavarSIya sAdhumArgI zAMta krAMti jaina zrAvaka saMgha isa saMgha ke vikAsa meM apanA ahobhAva pUrvaka yogadAna de rahA hai| usane saMgha vikAsa evaM jana kalyANa kI aneka pravRttiyoM meM sAhitya prakAzana kI pravRtti ko bhI hAtha meM liyA hai aura alpAvadhi meM eka vizAla sAhitya bhaNDAra pAThakoM ko samarpita kiyA hai| saMgha ne prajJAnidhi AcArya pravara zrI vijayarAja jI ma.sA. kI vizva meM caritra nirmANa kI parikalpanA ko sAkAra karane kI dRSTi se eka vRhad yojanA ko apane hAtha meM liyA hai| usI dizA meM AcArya pravara dvArA likhita cAritra nirmANa saMbaMdhI sAhitya ko jana-jana taka pahu~cAne kA upakrama janatA ke samakSa prastuta kiyA hai| samagra caritra nirmANa kI parikalpanA, pariyojanA aura paristhiti nirmita ho isake lie saMbaddha mAnava cetanA samaya-samaya para ciMtanazIla rahI hai| yaha nizcita hai caritra ke abhAva meM jIvana kA koI-sA bhI pakSa paripUrNatA ko prApta nahIM karatA, hamAre jIvana kI sarvAMgINa-sarvatomukhI vikAsa kI dhArA cAritra ke rUpa meM hI sadAkAla se pravAhita rahI hai| isa dhArA meM jaba-jaba bhI avarodha Ae haiM taba-taba isane apanA mArga badala liyA hai| yaha dhArA kabhI sUkhI nahIM aura na kabhI sUkhegI, isake mArga badala sakate haiM aura nae mArgoM ke anusAra yaha dhArA sadaiva pravAhamAna rahI hai| ____ hamArA bhArata deza RSi-muniyoM kA deza kahalAtA hai| RSi-muniyoM ne samagra caritra nirmANa ke saMdarbha meM jitanA saMjIdagI se mAnava cetanA ko AhvAna aura jAgarUka kiyA hai jisake pariNAma svarUpa Aja taka bhArata kI jana cetanA ke bhItara cAritra ke prati AsthA va niSThA ke bhAva vidyamAna haiN| yahA~ cAritra ke prati jana-jana kA mana hajAroM varSoM se zraddhAnvita rahA hai, vaha sadaiva unnata cAritra ke prati praNata hai| jJAnI hone kA sAra yahI hai vaha jJAna jIvana-AcaraNa meM utare, jo jJAna jIvana ke dharAtala ko nahIM chUtA, vaha jJAna kevala mastiSkIya krIr3A athavA vANI kA vilAsa banakara raha jAtA hai| bhAratIya

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prakAzakIya jana cetanA ne kevalamAtra jJAna ko hI Adarza nahIM mAnA, usane Adarza mAnA hai to cAritra sammata jJAna ko| yathArtha meM aisA jJAna hI sva para saMkaTa kA mocana karatA hai| Aja kA sabase bar3A saMkaTa haicAritrika zithilatA kA hai| vyakti kI dRSTi artha pradhAna ho gaI hai| vaha apane artha aura svArtha ko hI cAhatA hai, usakI prApti ke lie vaha sabakucha karane ko taiyAra ho jAtA hai jo usakI mAnavatA ko bhale hI nAmaMjUra ho| mAnavIya mUlyoM kI surakSA ekamAtra cAritrika sudRr3hatA se ho sakatI hai| hamArA cAritra jaba taka pavitra nahIM hotA hai taba taka sArI bAteM niHsAra hai| ___ hameM bar3I prasannatA hai ki hamAre ArAdhya pravara jana-jana kI AsthA ke kendra parama zraddheya AcArya pravara pUjya zrI vijayarAja jI ma.sA. jinhoMne kar3I mehanata kara cAritra nirmANa kI pUrI sarvAMgINa rUparekhA ke sAtha jo praNayana kiyA hai vo apane Apa meM adbhuta hai| hama hI nahIM pUrI mAnava jAti AcArya zrI ke prati RNI hai jinhoMne aisA abhUtapUrva avadAna pradAna karake sacce arthoM meM apane saMtatva ko surakSita rakhate hue upakRta kiyA hai| AcArya zrI jI ke vicAroM ko sahejane ke kArya ko kiyA hai vizruta vidvAn zrI zAMticandra jI mehatA sA. ne| mehatA sA. pUjya AcArya zrI gaNezIlAla jI ma.sA., pUjya AcArya zrI nAnAlAla jI ma.sA. tathA vartamAna AcArya zrI ke vicAroM ke prati pUrNataH zraddhAnvita rahe haiN| yaha hamArA durbhAgya rahA ki zrImAn mehatA sA. kA acAnaka dehAvasAna ho gyaa| unakA varadahasta hamAre saMgha para pUrI sadbhAvanAoM ke sAtha banA huA thA, magara kAla kI gati vicitra hai, kyA kiyA jAe? hama mehatA sA. ke prati hArdika zraddhAMjali arpita karate haiN| isa graMtha ke prakAzana meM garimA oNphaseTa ke mAlika prabuddha patrakAra zrI rAmaprasAda jI kumAvata tathA unake sahayogiyoM ke prati bhI AbhAra jJApita karate haiN| acche mudraNa, lagnazIlatA tathA zraddheya AcArya pravara ke prati zraddhAnvitatA ke prati hama unake sadaiva RNI rheNge| isa graMtha ke prakAzana kA artha saujanya iMdaura ke prasiddha dalAla parivAra kI ora se sva. zrI bApUlAla jI, zrI anokhIlAla jI, zrI hastImala jI dalAla khAtaror3a (ma.pra.) vAloM kI puNya smRti meM pradAna kara sahayoga diyA gyaa| Apa AcArya zrI jI ke vyaktitva se atyaMta prabhAvita haiN| dalAla parivAra hamAre saMgha ko samaya-samaya para isI taraha kA sAhityika sahayoga pradAna karatA rahegA, aisA hameM vizvAsa hai| aMta meM pAThakoM se apekSA hai ki ve caritra nirmANa ke abhiyAna meM apane tana-mana-jIvana se jur3akara ise Age gati pradAna kreN| zeSa shubh| dharmIcanda koThArI zAMtilAla koThArI adhyakSa mahAmaMtrI zrI akhila bhAratavarSIya sAdhumArgI zAMti krAMti jaina zrAvaka saMgha, udayapura VII

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prastAvanA mahAsthavira zrI zAMti muni jI ma.sA. dharma-sAdhanA, adhyAtma evaM saMskRti kI AtmA hai critr| caritra ke abhAva meM na saMskRti, saMskRti rahegI aura na adhyaatm-adhyaatm| caritra sAdhanA kI to mUla dhUrI hai hI, jIvana vyavahAra kI bhI amUlya nidhi hai| jaise namaka ke abhAva meM sabjI nIrasa lagatI hai vaise hI caritra ke abhAva meM jIvana satva-sArahIna hI hogA? bhAratIya saMskRti kI to AtmA hI caritra hai| caritra ke abhAva meM bhAratIya saMskRti kI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| caritra zabda kA prayoga bhAratIya saMskRti meM vizeSakara jaina saMskRti meM atyaMta maulika evaM nigUDha artha meM huA hai| vahA~ caritra kA artha kevala AcaraNa se hI nahIM liyA jAtA hai apitu svarUpa meM ramaNatA-sirpha cetanA meM hI vicaraNa karane ko caritra zabda se abhisaMjita kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ cayaritta karaM caritta hoi AhiyaM' kahakara caritra zabda ko sarvocca sthAna pradAna kiyA gayA hai| cAritra AtmA kI vaha avasthA hai jahA~ cetanA para padArtha-karma sattA se sarvathA vilaga ho jAtI hai- apane parama vizuddha svarUpa meM pratiSThita ho jAtI hai jo cetanA anAdikAla se jar3a-karma ke sAtha dUdha-pAnI kI taraha ekAkAra ho rahI hai aura usa sthiti meM anaMta duHkhoM kA bhAjana banatI calI A rahI hai, usakA usa duHkha ke nimitta karma kA sarvathA sarvakAla ke lie alaga hokara ekAkI svataMtra ho jAnA caritra hai| usa avasthA meM cetanA kI svarUpa ramaNatA AnaMdamaya avasthA hI zeSa bacatI hai| caritra zabda kA eka dUsare artha meM nirUpaNa huA hai kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra krke| cU~ki brahmacarya-yama-niyama-mahAvratoM kI ArAdhanA Adi aisI sabhI prakAra kI sAdhanA-ArAdhanA jo AtmA se karma mela ko sApha karatI hai, ko bhI caritra kahA jAtA hai, kintu yaha caritra zabda kA aupacArika artha hai| isa artha ke anusAra bhI ciMtana kareM to vartamAna pariveza caritra se kitanI bhayAvaha sthiti para pahu~ca gayA hai| kheda hai ki Aja caritra zabda apanI maulika arthavattA ko khotA jA rahA hai| isakA prayoga kevala bAhya AcAra vyavahAra rUpa aupacArika artha meM hI sImita ho gayA hai| vartamAna pariveza meM to caritra zabda hI nakArAtmaka hotA jA rahA hai| jisa bhAratIya saMskRti aura bhArata varSa kI pahacAna usake udAtta caritra ke kAraNa hotI thI, Aja usakI pahacAna ke ve artha khote jA rahe haiN| ___ badalate pariveza meM caritra kI carcA dakiyAnusI evaM majAka-sI lagane lagI hai| Aja samUcI jIvanazailI jIne ke taura-tarIke, rahana-sahana, khAna-pAna saba kucha jisa tejI se badala rahe haiM vahA~ caritra surakSA kI kahIM koI guMjAiza dikhAI nahIM de rahI hai| eka samaya thA jaba bhAratIya saMskRti meM saMdhyA ke pazcAt lar3akiyA~ ghara ke bAhara nahIM ghUmatI thii| kisI par3osa ke ghara meM bhI jAnA hotA to ghara kA koI sadasya sAtha hotA thaa| ye saMskAra unake jehana

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sucaritram meM kUTa-kUTakara bhare jAte the ki caritra jIvana kI amUlya nidhi hai, usakI surakSA jI jAna se karanA hai| caritra hai to jIvana hai anyathA jIvana kA mUlya do kaur3I raha jAtA hai| unheM udAtta vicAroM vAlI zIlamUrti vIrAMganA sannAriyoM kI ghaTanAeM athavA kahAniyA~ sunAI jAtI thI evaM caritra surakSA ke unake saMskAroM ko atyadhika sudRr3ha banAyA jAtA thaa| atyalpa aisI ghaTanAe~ hotI haiM jinakI ki bhartsanA kI jA ske| na usa samaya garbhapAta ke sAdhana the aura na aise avaidha saMbaMdha hote the| na pikcara, resToreMTsa, pabsa evaM klaboM kI saMskRti thI ki jinake mAdhyama se cAritrika patana ke kAranAme ghaTita hoN| __ Aja caritra ke saMdarbha meM vicAra kareM to ThIka isase viparIta sthiti parilakSita hotI hai| yuvA yuvatiyoM ko mukta AkAza meM ghamane kI khalI chaTa milI haI hai| sahazikSA.TI.vI.kalcara evaM klaba saMskRti ne cAritrika patana ko parAkASThA para pahuMcA diyA hai| sAre mAnavIya mUlya hI badala gae haiN| vizeSatA yaha hai ki isa patana ko vikAsa kA jAmA pahanAyA jA rahA hai| purAnI udAtta evaM cAritrika surakSA kI paramparAoM kA anusaraNa karAne vAloM ko poMgA paMDita evaM dakiyAnusI kahA jAtA hai| . kula milAkara pAnI itanA sira se Upara nikala cukA hai ki sudhAra kI athavA apane vaiyaktika caritra ko bhI surakSita rakha pAnA eka jaTilatama samasyA bana gyaa| yuvatiyoM meM hArDa DriMksa pIne kA TreDa isa sImA taka bar3ha gayA hai ki aba unakA usa kalcara se lauTanA atyaMta jaTila ho gayA hai| hAI prophAila evaM phaizanebala banakara uccatama varga meM apanA sthAna banAne kI eka ghinaunI pratispardhA prAraMbha ho gaI hai| kahA~ jAkara thamegI yaha pratispardhA kucha kahA nahIM jA sakatA hai| ___ mobAila kI suvidhA ne to kama umra kizora-kizoriyoM ke lie caritra patana kA mArga isa kadara atyaMta sugama banA diyA hai ki nanhIM umra kI kizoriyA~ saiksa ko phaizana samajhane lagI hai aura unheM apane bar3e-bujurgoM se isameM koI saMkoca zarma kA bhAva hI nahIM rhaa| ye nanhIM kizoriyA~ heNDa glbsa evaM skArpha pahanakara apane mAtA-pitA hI nahIM pUrI janatA kI A~khoM meM khuleAma dhUla jhoMkakara jIvana ko patana kI khAI meM girAne kI ora bar3I tejI se bar3ha rahI hai| yaha cAritrika patana isa bhayAvaha sthiti taka pahu~ca gayA hai ki klaba evaM pabsa kI saMskRti meM jIne meM mA~-bApa bhI aMdhe hokara apanI beTiyoM ko khulI chUTa hI nahIM dete unheM protsAhita bhI karate haiN| yaha Aga ucca varga se phisalatI huI madhyama varga ko bhI lapeTe meM le cukI hai aura sampUrNa caritra pradhAna bhAratIya saMskRti ko bhasmasAta karane ko tatpara hai| sarvAdhika kheda kA viSaya to yaha hai ki pUrI bhAratIya saMskRti kI asmitA ko bhasmapAta kara dene vAle isa dAvAnala ko sabhI rAjanetA, buddhijIvI evaM dharmanetA apanI khulI A~khoM se dekha rahe haiM aura samajha bhI rahe haiM ki cAritrika patana kA yaha dAvAnala itanA bhayAvaha hai ki eka dina yaha sabhyatAsaMskRti aura dharma ko hI nahIM pUrI mAnava jAti ko hI bhasmIbhUta kara degA kintu samAdhAna kahIM bhI dikhAI nahIM de rahA hai| yaha nagna satya hai ki prAkRtika ApadAeM yA dUSita paryAvaraNa jitanA hAnikAraka nahIM hotA utanA

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prastAvanA cAritrika patana se hone vAlA bhAva pradUSaNa prabhAvakArI hotA hai| itihAsa sAkSI hai ki jina rAjAoM ko jItanA kaThina hotA thA unheM viSakanyAoM athavA apsarAoM ke dvArA parAjita kara diyA jAtA thaa| bhAvoM kI vikRti ke dvArA hI RSi-maharSiyoM ko tapobhraSTa kara diyA jAtA thaa| jaba taka caritra surakSita hai, sabhyatA-saMskRti, dharma aura rASTra surakSita hai| caritra kI zakti aisI amogha zakti hai ki jisakI tulanA anya kisI zakti se nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| ___ bar3I-bar3I zaktiyoM se ajeya bane rahe eka choTe-se deza spArTA ke eka sainika se kisI dUsare deza ke sainika ne pUchA-'yadi Apake deza meM koI vyabhicAra kA sevana kara le to use kyA sajA dI jAtI spArTA ke sainika ne kahA-'usakA vaha baila chIna liyA jAtA hai jisakI pUMcha eka parvata para ho aura muMha dUsare parvata pr|' sainika ne kahA-'aisA baila to ho hI nahIM sakatA hai, Apa aisI asambha bAta kaise kara rahe haiM?' spArTA ke sainika ne kahA- 'aisA baila asaMbhava hai to spArTA meM vyabhicAra bhI asaMbhava hai|' spArTA kI ajeyatA kA mukhya kAraNa thA usakI caritra nisstthaa| jahA~ ke nAgarika caritraniSTha hote haiM vahA~ ke vAyumaNDala meM bhAvAtmaka vartula bana jAtA hai| maiM to yahA~ taka kahane ko taiyAra hU~ ki jisa deza ke pAsa apanA cAritra ho, jahA~ kA hara vyakti cAritraniSTha, onesTa (Honest) sahI arthoM meM dhArmika evaM dezabhakta ho usa deza para aNu-Ayudha Adi kisI bhI prakAra ke astra-zastra prabhAvI nahIM ho skte| vahA~ kA sampUrNa vAyumaNDala hI prabalatama UrjA kA saMvAhaka ho jAtA hai| ___ yaha eka manovaijJAnika hI nahIM vaijJAnika tathya hai ki jahA~ eka zakti prabalatama rUpa meM prabhAvI ho jAtI hai, vahA~ usakI virodhI zakti Tika hI nahIM sakatI hai| maharSi pataMjali kA to spaSTa udghoSa hai ki 'ahiMsA pratiSThAyAM tatsannidhau vairatyAgaH' arthAt jahA~ ahiMsA kI pratiSThA hotI hai vahA~ vaira bhAva vismRta ho jAtA hai| hama dekhate haiM tIrthaMkaroM, RSi-maharSiyoM kI sannidhi meM zera, gAya aura bakarI, sarpa aura nakula janma-jAta vaira ko vismRta kara eka sAtha baiThe rahate haiM, kyoMki una mahApuruSoM ke cAroM ora pUrNa ahiMsA kA vartula hotA hai| ThIka isI prakAra cU~ki caritra bhI ahiMsA kA hI eka aMga hai, ataH caritra kI jahA~ pratiSThA hogI vahA~ usakA virodhI tattva vyabhicAra nahIM hogA aura jahA~ vyabhicAra nahIM hogA vahA~ anAcAra, atyAcAra, dvaMdva-saMgharSa, yuddha-laDAI ko koI avakAza prApta ho hI nahIM sakatA hai| phira vaha deza ajeya kaise nahIM banegA? madhyAhna ke divya divAkara kI taraha spaSTa yathArtha hote hue bhI vicAraNIya hai ki yaha tathya buddhijIviyoM yA deza ke purodhAoM kI samajha meM kyoM nahIM A rahA hai? kyoM ve svayaM pAzcAtya sabhyatA ke anukaraNa ke pichalaggU bane hue haiM? saMpUrNa sabhyatA yA saMskRti ko hI nahIM saMpUrNa rASTrIya asmitA XI

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sucaritram XII evaM mAnava jAti ke mUla uddezya ko bhasmasAta karane vAlI cAritrika patana para kyoM A~kha micaulI kie baiThe haiM? yaha eka jvalaMta prazna hai / isakA samAdhAna buddhijIviyoM athavA zIrSastha rAjanItijJoM se mila pAnA atyaMta kaThina hai| samAdhAna de sakate haiM kevala adhyAtma sAdhaka dharma saMgha ke purodhA AcAryagaNa / kintu udhara se bhI aisI koI sazakta pahala dRSTigata nahIM hotii| lagabhaga sabhI kA dhyAna apane-apane dharma saMgaThana ko sudRr3ha karane kI dizA meM hI niyojita hai| jabaki yaha Aja kI jvalaMta samasyA hai aura isa dazA meM sazakta AmUlacUla parivartana kI krAMti prAraMbha honI cAhie / caritronnayana kI eka sakArAtmaka evaM sazakta pahala apane sazakta evaM sacoTa lekhana ke mAdhyama se kara haiM mahAmahima prajJAnidhi caritra puruSa AcArya zrI vijayarAja jI ma.sA. cU~ki AcArya zrI vijayarAja jI ma.sA. svayaM anavarata caritra paryAya meM ramaNa karane vAle sAdhaka puruSa haiN| caritra unakA jIvana hai, caritra unakI sAdhanA hai, caritra unakI AtmA hai aura caritra kI paripUrNatA unakA carama sAdhya hai| cU~ki ve svayaM caritra puruSa, navanavonmeSI prajJA ke dhAraka, tejasvI prabhAvaka, mahAmanISI, Atma sAdhaka hote hue bhI ve eka dharmAcArya haiN| AcArya hone ke nAte ve samAja va jagata ke prati apane karttavya bodha ke prati sajaga haiM ataH deza va samAja kI vartamAna sthiti para unakA dhyAna jAnA svAbhAvika hai / samAja va deza kI cAritrika patana kI tAtkAlika sthiti ko dekhakara eka AcArya ke hRdaya kA anukampita honA sahaja prakriyA hai / usa prakriyA kA pratiphalana hai prastuta grNth| yaha graMtha rASTrIya caritra nirmANa kI eka Thosa bhUmikA ko prastuta karatA hI hai, sAtha hI usake lie krAMti kA zaMkhanAda bhI karatA hai / bAla, yuvA, mahilA evaM praur3ha varga kA caritra kaisA honA cAhie, usakI jIvanazailI kaisI honI cAhie, usake jIvana kA lakSya kyA honA cAhie evaM usakA samUcA AcAravyavahAra kaisA honA cAhie isakI vizad vivecanA prastuta graMtha kI viSaya vastu hai / AcArya zrI vijayarAja jI ma.sA. eka vizAla saMgha ke suyogya AcArya hone ke sAtha hI anya aneka mAnavIya saMvedanAtmaka sadguNoM ke koSa bhI haiN| ve sumadhura gAyaka, mRdula gItakAra, sahRdaya kavi, sarasa kathAkAra evaM bhAva pravaNa ojasvI vyAkhyAtA bhI haiN| unakI vANI meM mRdutA ke sAtha ojapUrNa sazaktatA hai to unake vyavahAra meM bhI AtmIyatA ke sAtha anuzAsana meM kaThoratA bhI hai / ve komala hRdayI prakhara vAgmI haiN| unakI vANI meM zrotAoM ko maMtra mugdha kara bAMdhe rakhane kI kaziza hai| eka bAra jo Apa se jur3atA hai vaha ApakA hI banatA jAtA hai aisA ApakA AbhAmaNDala hai / Apake vyaktitva meM oja-teja ke sAtha cumbakIya AkarSaNa hai| Apa svayaM caritra sAdhanA ke pathika evaM purodhA haiM ataH Apake dvArA prastuta caritra nirmANa kA yaha udghoSa avazya prabhAvI hogA aura samAja aura deza ko hI nahIM varan saMpUrNa jagata ko eka nUtana sazakta krAMtikArI dizA pradAna karegA, aisA merA vizvAsa hai / caritra nirmANa kI dizA meM graMtha kI mahattvapUrNa upayogitA - bhUmikA ko hama graMtha ke AdhAra para

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prastAvanA dekhane-jAnane kA prayAsa kreN| caritra nirmANa kI bhUmikA ko sazakta banAne kI dizA meM saMketa karate hue graMthakAra kaha rahe haiM'hama aisI cinagArI bana sakate haiM jisase asat, azuddha evaM azubha ke Dhera ko jalA kara naSTa kara skeN| vAstava meM cinagArI kA hI mahattva hai| choTe-choTe prayAsa jitane mahattvapUrNa haiM, utanA mahattva bar3e prayAsa kA nahIM hotaa| jvAlAe~ eka sAtha bhabhakatI haiM aura sabako bhasmIbhUta kara detI haiN| hA~, cinagArI bhI yahI jalAne kA hI kAma karatI hai, lekina tAkata meM aMtara hai|jyaadaa tAkatavara jaldI hI nirutsAhita ho jAtA hai, parantu cinagArI bhale hI kama tAkatavara ho, para jalatI hI rahegI aura aisA kAma karegI jo jvAlA nahIM kara paatii| phira ye cinagAriyA~ eka sAtha samUha meM hI uchalatI aura kAma karatI haiN| vahI cinagArI hama baneM, jo hamAre bhItara meM rahe hue asat, azuddha evaM azubha ke Dhera ko jalA sake, cAritrikatA kA utthAna kara sake evaM bAhara ke aise hI Dhera ko bhI caritrabala ke mAdhyama se jalAkara sarvatra caritraniSThA ke sukhada vAtAvaraNa kI racanA kara de|' yuvA pIr3hI ke caritra para eka sazakta dRSTi pradAna karate hue graMthakAra kahate haiM 'jaba kisI visphoTa se koI imArata Dhaha jAtI hai aura usakI nIMva taka kSatigrasta ho jAtI hai taba isake sivAya koI anya upAya nahIM raha jAtA ki usa imArata kA nava nirmANa nIMva se kiyA jaae| aisI hI durdazA huI hai naI pIr3hI ke caritra nirmANa kI aba taka ki usake khar3e hone kI koI Thosa jamIna usake pairoM tale nahIM rahI hai aura na hI usakI apanI pahacAna kI vizeSatA usake vyaktitva meM saphAI hai| aise meM naI pIr3hI ke nIMva se nava nirmANa kI carcA uThAI jAe to vaha sabhI dRSTiyoM se upayukta mAnI jaaegii| lakSya to yaha honA cAhie ki naI pIr3hI kA nava nirmANa aisA prabhAvazAlI ho jo nae satkRti yuga kI pahacAna bana jaae| aise nava nirmANa ke kucha buniyAdI bindu nirdhArita kie jAne caahie|' saMskAroM para eka dRSTi kSepa graMthakAra kisa rUpa meM karate haiM, dekheM'Aja ke artha ke anartha ko miTAne ke lie jarUrI hai ki prAthamika zikSA hI satsaMskAroM ke AropaNa se ho| bAlaka, kizora aura navayuvaka apane atahRdaya meM isa satya ko sthApita kara deM ki jIvana kA uccatama vikAsa satsaMskAroM ke AdhAra para hI sAdhA jA sakatA hai| yahI saccA dhana hai| jo bhautika dhana, sampatti yA sattA kI bAta hai, vaha kitanI bhI AkarSaka lage, para antataH vaha cAritrika guNoM ko naSTa karane vAlI hI siddha hotI hai| ataH jIvana meM satsaMskAra, sadvyavahAra evaM sahakAra kI triveNI bahatI rahe yahI sukha kA mUla hai|' caritra evaM viveka kI samanviti kI upalabdhi ko graMthakAra ne bahuta suMdara abhivyakti dI hai'caritra aura viveka jaba eka rUpa ho jAte haiM taba to prApta zakti kA kahanA hI kyA? usakA sadupayoga hI nahIM hogA, balki usa zakti kA aisA apUrva vikAsa hogA ki vaha vyakti ko na kevala XIII

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sucaritram zubhatA yA saMyoga hI milAegI, balki use una saMyogoM ke saMrakSaNa kA sAmarthya bhI pradAna kregii| saMyoga kise kaheM? saMyoga zabda yoga se banA hai aura yoga kI eka vyAkhyA yaha bhI hai ki aprApta vastu kI prApti karAne vAlA (aprAptasya praaptiryogH)| jise pAne ke lie anekAneka prayatna kie ho, aneka AkAMkSAe~ mana meM ubharI ho, usa vastu kA mila jAnA yoga hai athavA kabhI Akasmika rUpa se binA prayatna ke anacAhe hI kisI vastu kA mila jAnA bhI yoga hI hai| aisA yoga pratyeka prANI ko milatA rahatA hai| jo prANI jahA~ para hai, usI gati-sthiti ke anusAra use anukUla yA pratikUla saMyoga milate rahate haiN| lekina kore saMyoga kA koI artha nahIM, jo artha hai vaha suyoga kA hai| isa suyoga ko saMrakSaNa kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, kyoMki suyoga ke rahate kaThina se kaThina kArya bhI utane kaThina nahIM rhte| suyoga se prApta guNa yA vastu ke yathocita upayoga kA avasara banA rahatA hai| saMyoga se suyoga zreSTha hai kintu isa suyoga se bhI adhika zreSTha hai usakA saMrakSaNa tathA usakA sarvajana hitakArI upyog| isa prakAra caritronnayana kiMvA caritra nirmANa kI dizA meM eka sakArAtmaka evaM vidheyAtmaka ciMtana prastuta taka vyaktigata caritronnayana se lekara rASTrIya evaM vaizvika caritronnayana ke bIhar3atama patha ko atIva sugama banA dene kA mahattama kArya karatA hai| prastuta graMtha eka aisA dastAveja hai jo saMpUrNa vizva kI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna kahA jA sakatA hai| Aja vizva jisa bhayAvaha paristhitiyoM se gujara rahA hai aisI sthiti meM isa graMtha kI upayogitA aura adhika bar3ha jAtI hai| ___ graMtha kI bhAva-bhASA sazakta prabhAvaka hote hue bhI AbAlavRddhi ke lie subodha hai| viSaya vastu kI gaMbhIratA bhASA ko bojhila nahIM banAtI hai| saMpUrNa graMtha meM sakArAtmaka ciMtana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| gaMbhIra ciMtana ko isa taraha sahaja zailI meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai ki vaha tArkikatA ke cakravyUha meM ulajha kara kevala vidvad bhogya hI nahIM raha jaae| cU~ki isa krAMtikArI AMdolana meM Amajana mAnasa kI ahaM bhUmikA rahI huI hai ataH bhASA ko sahaja pravAhI rUpa diyA gayA hai| __ AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki yaha krAMtikArI rUpAMtaraNa janasAmAnya kI soca ko badala kara use caritra nirmANa kI dizA meM prerita karanA kisI eka vyakti ke bUte kA kArya nahIM hai| apitu isameM saMpUrNa prabuddha varga kI sakriya bhUmikA honI caahie| ataH sabhI AtmahitaiSI samAja nirmANa meM apanA aho bhAvapUrNa yogadAna dene vAle evaM jIvana tathA jagata kalyANa kI udAtta bhAvanA rakhane vAle mahAmanISiyoM kA isa ora dRSTi nyAsa ho| mukhya taura para zaikSaNika jagata evaM naitika cAritrika mUlyoM ko prati sthApita karane hetu pratibaddha bauddhika evaM AdhyAtmika varga kA dhyAna isa ora AkRSTa ho aura ve eka vRhatta kArya yojanA banAkara isa AMdolana ko mahAkrAMti kA rUpa dekara naitika evaM cAritrika krAMti ke lie apanI sazakta sakriya bhUmikA adA kare tathA prabuddha rAjanetA bhI apanI ora se bhAvapUrNa sahayoga kareM to yaha mahAkrAMti asaMskRti ko samUla naSTa karane meM sakSama ho sakatI hai| 000 XIV

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saMpAdakIya-vizeSa caritra nirmANa meM mukhya hai samAja vyavasthA bhI manuSya Aja akelA nahIM rhtaa| kisI na kisI prakAra ke samUha meM hI vaha rahatA hai| samUha kA dUsarA nAma hI samAja hai aura anekAneka samAjoM kA samUha hI mAnava samAja kahalAtA hai| samUha cAhe parivAra ke rUpa meM sabase choTA ghaTaka hotA hai to saMpUrNa saMsAra ke rUpa meM sabase bar3A ghaTaka, kintu sAmAjikatA manuSya jIvana kI mukhya bhUmikA bana gaI hai| samAja zabda kA jo prayoga karate haiM, usakA nihitArtha sampUrNa mAnava samAja se hI hai, jisameM nIce se Upara taka ke sAre saMghoM, saMgaThanoM, saMsthAoM, vibhinna staroM kI zAsakIya sarakAroM tathA aMtarrASTrIya saMsthAnoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| ___ Aja vijJAna ke kSetra meM sUcanA takanIka itanI vikasita ho gaI hai ki tvarita samparka kI dRSTi se sArA saMsAra eka choTe se gAMva ke samAna ghaniSTha ho gayA hai| Aja caritra nirmANa yA anya kisI saMskAra sudhAra abhiyAna ko vizva stara taka pahu~cAnA, calAnA aura saphala banAnA kaThina bhale ho, para Ter3hI khIra nahIM rahA hai| caritra nirmANa ke saMdarbha meM do bhinna-bhinna dRzyoM kI kalpanA karate haiN| pahalA dRzya hai ki do samAna zakti evaM utsAhasampanna vyaktiyoM ko eka se dUsare nirdhArita sthAna taka daur3a lagAte hue gaMtavya taka pahu~canA hai| kintu donoM ke lie samAna dUrI vAle alaga-alaga prakAra ke do mArga haiN| eka hai Ubar3a-khAbar3a aura kAMToM-bhAToM se bharA huA durgama mArga to dUsarA sIdhA, sapATa, samatala sar3aka kA maarg| donoM apane-apane mArga para daur3a zurU karate haiM, parantu pariNAma? pahalA vyakti thakakara cUra aura lahUluhAna hokara adhabIca meM hI gira jAtA hai, jabaki dUsarA vyakti alpatama XV

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sucaritram samaya meM svastha gati aura rIti se gaMtavya taka pahu~ca jAtA hai| isameM dharAtala kI anukUlatA aura pratikUlatA kI bhUmikA kAma karatI hai| isI se milatA-julatA dUsarA dRzya hai| vahI daur3a, vahI gaMtavya aura ve hI donoM mArga, lekina vyaktiyoM kI zakti tathA azakti kI bhinntaa| Ubar3a-khAbar3a mArga para daur3ane vAle ke pAMva sabala, gati sannaddha aura utsAha atyaMta hai| kintu samatala mArga para daur3ane vAle vyakti ke pAMva pahale vAle se Adhe bhI sabala nahIM,gati madhyama aura utsAha sAmAnya hai| donoM dauDa zarU karate haiM apane-apane mArgoM para, lekina hotA kyA hai? sabala pAMvoM vAlA vyakti lar3akhar3AtA huA hI gaMtavya taka pahu~ca pAtA hai, jabaki usase bahuta pahale vaha azakta vyakti usI gaMtavya para khar3A huA milatA hai| isameM dharAtala kI dazA ke anusAra gati kI sthiti banatI hai| ina donoM dRzyoM ke vizleSaNa se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki gati-pragati meM vyakti kI apanI bhUmikA se bhI adhika mahattva hotA hai usake pAMvoM ke nIce ke dharAtala kI sthiti kaa| isase samajha meM AtA hai ki sahI dharAtala kI pahalI AvazyakatA hai| manuSya jIvana meM yaha dharAtala hotA hai samAja kI vyavasthA (sisTama) kA, jisakI anukUlatA yA pratikUlatA vyakti kI gati para tadnusAra apanA prabhAva DAlatI hai| yadi samAja vyavasthA anukUla ho jAe, taba sabala vyakti to tvarita gati se gaMtavya taka pahu~cegA hI, parantu durbala vyakti bhI maMda gati se hI sahI, lekina pragati patha para Age se Age avazya hI bar3hatA raha skegaa| vAstava meM sucAru samAja vyavasthA kA lAbha una bahusaMkhyaka logoM ko milegA, jinake vikAsa para hI sAmAjika vikAsa kA svarUpa DhalatA hai| jana-jana ke caritra nirmANa tathA jIvana vikAsa ke lie dohare sambala kI jarUrata par3atI hai| mUla sambala vyakti ke apane bala kA to hotA hI hai, lekina vyavasthA kA bala bhI sAtha rahe to durbala vyaktiyoM ke lie bhI maMjila AsAna ho sakatI ___ Aja jana-jana ke caritra nirmANa aura jIvana ke svastha vikAsa ke lie samAja-vyavasthA pratikUla hai| yaha saba jAnate aura mahasUsa karate haiN| vyavasthA zAsana-prazAsana kI arthanIti aura rAjanIti kI yA vyApAra-vANijya vyavasthA kI dikhatI hai ki saba ora bhraSTAcAra vyApta hai| sadAcAra kA calana hotA hai to samAja vyavasthA sucAru aura jana-jana ke hitoM ke anukUla rahatI hai, kintu saba ora bhraSTAcAra phaile rahane para vaha nihita-svArthI vargoM ke lie hI phAyademaMda raha jAtI hai| aisI bhraSTa vyavasthA ke kuprabhAva se saMgha, dharma, nIti, adhyAtma ke kSetra bhI baca nahIM pAte haiM, vahA~ bhI dharma ke sthAna para dhana pradhAna ho jAtA hai aura rAjanIti apane khela khelatI hai| Aja kI aisI pratikUlatA kA asara hai ki sAmAjika dharAtala ekadama Ubar3a-khAbar3a aura kA~ToM-bhAToM se bharA hai, jahA~ durbala kI koI gati nahIM aura hajAra sabaloM meM bhI viralA hI sabakucha nichAvara karake maMjila kI ora bar3ha pAtA hai| aise meM yadi vyavasthA kA krama badale, usameM bhraSTatA ke sthAna para ziSTa saccAI phaile, sadAcAra panape, XVI

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saMpAdakIya - vizeSa mAnavIya AcAra Dhale, nIti va dharma kA praveza ho tathA uccatara caritra kA nirmANa ho to sArI pratikUla paristhitiyA~ anukUla bana sakatI haiM aura sAmAnya jana bhI caritrazIla bana kara apanA jIvana vikAsa sugamatApUrvaka kara sakatA hai| yaha bhI satya hai ki Aja jana bhAvanAoM meM krAMtikArI badalAva A rahA hai aura janamata kI prabalatA ke anusAra bhraSTa vyavasthA bhI janahita ke kArya karane ke lie vivaza hone lagI hai / jaise, muMbaI meM bahumaMjilI ImArateM banI aura unake sAtha hI kaccI bastiyA~ aura jhopar3apaTTiyA~ bhI phailii| isakA Ama AdamiyoM dvArA sakhta virodha huA to aba jhopar3apaTTiyoM vAloM ke lie bhI vyavasthita makAna bana rahe haiN| isI prakAra jana-bala ke anusAra samasyAe~ sulajhane lagI haiN| yaha akalpanIya hai ki sAre mAnava samAja meM sabhI mAnava caritra nirmANa ke zIrSa para pahu~ca jAeM yA ki sabhI caritrahInatA ke patana meM gira jAeM / caritrahInatA aura caritrazIlatA ke bIca nirantara saMgharSa calatA hai| yaha saMgharSa calAte haiM prabuddha vargoM ke sadasya, jaise sAdhu-saMta, upadezaka, pracAraka, bhAvanAzIla puruSa aadi| inake satprayAsoM se caritra nirmANa kA stara pronnata hotA hai, caritrahInoM meM caritra gaThana kI pravRtti panapatI hai aura adhisaMkhya vyakti caritraniSTha banate haiM / pariNAma svarUpa burAIyoM kI tAkateM kamajora par3atI haiM aura caritrazIla vyaktiyoM kA saMkhyA bala evaM caritra bala donoM bar3hate haiM tathA samAja vyavasthA sucAru banatI hai| vastuta: kisI bhI caritra nirmANa abhiyAna yA AMdolana kA lakSya yahI honA cAhie ki burAI ke viruddha acchAI kA saMgharSa saphala hotA rahe aura burAI kA anupAta ghaTatA rahe - acchAI kA anupAta bar3hatA rhe| Azaya yaha hai ki duScaritratA ke viruddha saccaritratA kA prabhAva kaI gunA bar3ha jAe / udAharaNa ke lie mAneM ki Aja caritrahInatA aura caritrazIlatA kA anupAta 7 : 3 kA hai to lakSya yaha bananA cAhie ki yaha anupAta ulaTa deM yAne anupAta 3: 7 kA bana jAe tathA isase Upara jAne kA prayatna jArI rakhA jaae| caritrahInatA kA sarvathA unmUlana zakya nhiiN| zakya yahI hai ki caritrazIlatA kA vistAra caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ke mAdhyama 70 pratizata taka phuNce| isa abhiyAna ke netA aura kAryakartA isa abhiyAna ko kabhI sampanna na mAneM aura prayatnarata bane raheM / phalasvarUpa caritrazIlatA kI zakti bar3hatI rahegI jo vyakti aura vyavasthA donoM ko parimArjita karatI rahegI / bahumata caritra nirmANa ke samarthana evaM sahayoga meM khar3A ho jaaegaa| prastuta graMtha "caritra nirmANa : eka vijaya abhiyAna" ke praNetA AcArya zrI vijayarAjajI ma.sA. haiM, jinakI preraNA se caritra nirmANa ke pakSa meM adbhuta vaicArika krAMti ghaTita ho rahI hai / janamata bana rahA hai ki binA caritra nirmANa ke isa mAnava jIvana kA koI mahattva nahIM aura sArA bhautika nirmANa tathA vijJAna - vikAsa bhI vyartha hai / caritra nirmANa ke prazna para AcArya zrI kA mata hai ki caritrazIla banane ke lie jana-jana kA manobala ubharanA cAhie, kintu sAtha hI samAja kA saMbala bhI milanA caahie| vahI bAta hai ki pAMva majabUta yA kucha kamajora bhI raheM, taba bhI yadi dharAtala sIdhA-samatala XVII

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sucaritram rahegA to sabhI pAMva apane-apane bala ke anusAra vikAsa ke patha para pragati karate raha skeNge| dharAtala hai samAja kA sAmUhika vAtAvaraNa aura prabaMdha jo banatA aura DhalatA hai samAja meM sthApita vyavasthA kI sughar3atA se| yadi vyavasthA anukUla ho to sabhI vyakti pragatizIla bana sakate haiN| gati kinhIM kI tIvra ho yA kinhIM kI maMda, parantu caritra nirmANa kI dizA meM calanA sabako Avazyaka hai| calate-calate eka ko dUsare kA sahayoga milatA rahegA aura sarva-vikAsa sArthaka hotA jaaegaa| - isa graMtha kA pramukha lakSya yahI hai ki vyakti ko samAja se aura samAja ko vyakti se aisA saMbala milate rahane kI jIvanazailI vikasita ho jAe ki caritra nirmANa se caritra sampannatA kA anukrama akSuNNa banA rhe| isa graMtha kA sampAdana karane kA saubhAgya mujhe milA hai aura merA sampUrNa prayAsa rahA hai ki AcArya zrI ke bhAva sAmAnya jana ke mana-mAnasa taka pahu~ce, jo unheM caritra nirmANa ke lie prabodhita kara skeN| sAra kI bAta do TUka zabdoM meM yaha hai ki Aja ke bhraSTa Arthika yuga meM vyakti ko bhI badalanA hogA aura vyavasthA ko bhI, tAki sabhI kSetroM meM lAbha kA lobha ghaTe aura viSamatA kA roga mitte| ataH caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ko sazakta aura saphala banAnA hogaa| yuvA pIr3hI isa abhiyAna kA netRtva saMbhAle ki murajhAe phUla khila sakeM, bujhe dIpaka phira se jala sakeM aura AMsU bahAte cehare muskurA skeN| abhiyAna kI dina dugunI-rAta caugunI unnati kI zubhakAmanA ke sAtha... 29.7.2007 zAMticandra mehatA e-4, kuMbhAnagara, cittaur3agar3ha XVIII

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. svakIyaM svakAya . azAMti, arAjakatA, avizvAsa aura aviveka pUrNa mAhaula meM zAMti, suvyavasthA, vizvAsa aura viveka kI sRSTi kA nirmANa koI kara sakatA hai to vaha mAnava caritra hI kara sakatA hai| caritra zabda se hama mAnava ke una uttama vicAroM ko, udAtta vyavahAroM ko tathA ujjvala vicAroM ko grahaNa karate haiM jisameM na kevala una mAnavoM kA balki samasta carAcara jIva sRSTi kA loka maMgala, loka maitrI aura loka hita kA bhAva sannihita hai| caritra kI zakti kA aMdAja lagAnA hamAre balabUte kI bAta nahIM hai, caritra hI mAnava ko mahAmAnava banAtA hai| jisakA caritra jitanA pavitra aura niSkalaMka hai vaha mAnava dharatI kA kalpavRkSa hai, ciMtAmaNI ratna hai| caritra ke sadbhAva se hI samagra mAnavIya sadguNoM kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| caritra kI divyatA ko isI se pahacAnA jA sakatA hai ki jitane bhI mahAna vicAraka, lekhaka, ciMtaka evaM mahApuruSa hue haiM una sabane caritra ko jIvana kI sarvocca U~cAIyoM ko prApta karane kA sazakta mAdhyama batalAyA hai| mahAkavi mAdya kahate haiM-durbala caritra kA vyakti usa sarakaNDe ke jaisA hai jo havA ke hara jhoMke ke sAtha jhuka jAtA hai| yAni cAritrika durbalatA sabase bar3I durbalatA hai jo jarA-sI pratikUlatA meM kSata-vikSata ho jAtI hai aura jo caritra meM sudRr3ha hote haiM ve AMdhI aura tUphAnoM ke bIca bhI apane phaulAdI vyaktitva ko sthira banAe rakhate haiN| ___ muMzI premacaMda kahate haiM-"caritraM kA jo mUlya hai vaha aura kisI vastu kA nhiiN| sahI hai-caritra se bar3hakara kyA ho sakatA hai? caritra hI sarvasva hai-sarvopari hai aura caritra sampanna vyakti sarvaguNa sampanna hotA hai|" XIX

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sucaritram DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan kahate haiM-"hama jisa caritra kA nirmANa karate haiM vaha hamAre sAtha bhaviSya meM bhI rahegA jaba taka ki hama Izvara kA sAkSAtkAra kara usameM lIna nahIM ho jaate| Izvaratva kI prApti aura usameM lInatA binA caritra ke nahIM ho sktii| caritra hI ciMtana aura citta kA nirmAtA hai| caritra hai to sabakucha hai nahIM to kucha nhiiN|" sara vAlTeyara kahate haiM-"caritra aisA hIrA hai jo anya sabhI pASANa khaMDoM ko kATa detA hai|" vAstava meM caritra kI jo zakti hai vaha aciMtya hai| ajJAna, moha, pramAda, kaSAya ke pASANa khaMDoM ko bhedane kI zakti ekamAtra caritra rUpI hIre meM rahI hai, ise AjamAyA jAe to hama isakI zakti se paricita ho sakate haiN| isI saMdarbha meM harbarTa kahate haiM-"caritra do vastuoM se banatA hai-ApakI vicAradhArA se aura Apake samaya bitAne ke DhaMga se|" harbarTa kI isa bAta se sahamata huA jA sakatA hai ki mAnava kI vicAradhArA hI usake caritra kA nirmANa karatI hai| vicAra jitane ucca, unnata aura ujjvala hoMge AcAra-vyavahAra bhI vaise hI udAra, vizAla aura vyApaka hoNge| vicAroM kI chApa hI to AcAra-vyavahAra para par3atI hai| isa saMdarbha meM mahAtmA gAMdhI kahA karate the ki manuSya kI mahAnatA usake kapar3oM se nahIM apitu usake caritra se AMkI jAtI hai| kitanI suMdara bAta hai, kapar3e kitane bhI ujale kyoM na ho magara vyakti kA caritra ujalA nahIM hai to use koI bhI buddhimAna, mahAn nahIM kaha sktaa| mahAnatA veza, pariveza, deza yA anya azeSa sAdhana-sAmagriyoM se nahIM AMkI jAtI hai| mahAnatA kA aMkana aura mUlyAMkana vyakti ke caritra se hI hotA hai| caritra kA samagra vikAsa ho isa dRSTi se samaya-samaya para bhAratIya va bhAratIyetara manISI-manISA ne apane udAtta vicAra vyakta kie haiM jo sArvabhaumika aura sArvakAlika haiN| ___ isa caritra nirmANa kI udAtta parikalpanA kA udaya aura abhyudaya san 1998 ke citaur3agar3ha cAturmAsa meM huii| usa samaya jinazAsana vibhUti mahAzramaNI ratnA mahAsatI zrI nAnUkaMvara jI ma.sA. va vidvAn zrI zAMticandra jI mehatA sA. ke samakSa rUpa rekhAe~ taiyAra huii| lekhana sAmagrI, saMkalanasampAdana, saMyojana kA krama nirantara calatA rahA, vihArAdi kI vyastatAoM meM jitanI tvaritatA rahanI cAhie vo nahIM raha paaii| phira bhI saMgha ke padAdhikAriyoM-kAryakartAoM kA Agraha banA rahA ki caritra nirmANa saMbaMdhI sAhitya sAmagrI taiyAra hotI rhe| zrImAna mehatA sA. ke athaka prayAsoM tathA sujhAvoM ko vismRta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa graMtha ke pUrva laghu saMskaraNa ke rUpa meM "kiM caritram" graMtha samAja ke sAmane AyA usakA hI vRhada rUpa "sucaritram" ke rUpa meM Apake sAmane hai| muni-maryAdAoM ke antargata rahakara jo kucha lekhana-saMyojana huA hai usameM siddhAMta viruddha kucha AyA ho to 'tassa micchAmi dukkaDaM' aura mAtra girate cAritrika mUlyoM kA jAgaraNa, sthirIkaraNa aura sazaktikaraNa ho yahI ekamAtra abhIpsA hai| sujJeSu kiM bhunaa| - AcArya vijayarAja

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sadbhAvanA ke sAtha...... sucaritra ke abhAva meM khA rahe aMdhakAra meM jo ThokareM aura TakkareM aura ahaM aura Agraha meM ulajha rahe haiM....... vivAda aura viSAda meM phaMse hue haiM....... azAMti aura asamAdhi ke 'cakravyUha se nikala nahIM pA rahe haiM..... una thake, hAre, besahAre pathikoM ko ...... jo cAhate haiM zAMti....... jo cAhate haiM zakti..... jo cAhate haiM saphalatA....... ve pAeM sucaritra se zAMti ve pAeM sucaritraM se zakti ve pAeM sucaritraM kI saphalatA / to sArthaka hogA yaha prayAsa hamArA saphala hogA yaha vizvAsa hamArA aura hogA yaha prakAza hamArA inhIM sadbhAvanA aura zubhakAmanAoM ke sAtha ! AcArya vijayarAja XXI

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anukramaNikA 1. rahasyoM, saMbhAvanAoM tathA pratyakSa upalabdhiyoM se bharA hai yaha saMsAra ! * kyoM jAnanA cAhate rahe haiM saba saMsAra ke chipe hue rahasyoM ko? * caritra kI camaka se camacamAte vyaktitva Aga meM se hokara nikalate haiM ! * saMsAra ke rahasyoM ko bhedane kI jijJAsA kA romAMca / ubharatI huI caritrazIlatA ke samakSa cunautiyA~ hI cunautiyA~ / rahasya, jijJAsA evaM sAdhanA ke sAhasika caraNa / rahasyodghATana hetu prayAsa, dRr3hatA evaM icchAzakti kA manovijJAna / ) caritra sampannatA ke tIna caraNa mApa sakate haiM pUre saMsAra ko / * parantu pahale isa saMsAra ko to samajhie ki vaha hai kyA aura kaisA hai? * kyA saMsAra aura sAMsArikatA meM bheda karanA jarUrI nahIM? * saMsAra arthAt manuSya loka nahIM, kyoMki saMsAra meM to cAroM gati ke jIva haiM? * yaha saMsAra caritrazIla puruSoM ko lalakAratA rahA hai, Aja bhI lalakAra rahA hai| * saccI upalabdhiyA~ ve hI haiM jo jJAna-vijJAna ke nae dvAra kholatI hai| * jJAniyoM evaM dArzanikoM kI gUr3ha dRSTi ne dikhAI AdhyAtmika rAheM / vaijJAnikoM kI bhautika upalabdhiyA~ Azcaryajanaka rahI haiN| * saca meM yaha saMsAra bahuvidha caritra kA hI vizAla raMgamaMca hai| * caritra hI banAtA hai bimba, chaviyA~ aura mahAna vibhUtiyA~ / * saMsAra evaM caritrabala sadA ekIbhUta rahe haiM aura raheMge, tabhI saMsAra clegaa| 2. vizva racanA, vyavasthA kA paridRzya evaM saMtulana kI suI * do tattvoM kI sattA ke AdhAra para hI racita evaM saMcAlita hai vizva | * upayoga lakSaNa hai jIva kA, jo kabhI ajIva nahIM hotaa| * sUkSma jIvoM kI saMvedanazIlatA evaM unake saMrakSaNa se mAnavIya guNoM kA vikaas| * isa dharatI kA rakSA kavaca hai paryAvaraNa, ataH rakSaNIyA hai prakRti / vyakti hI hai sakala vizva evaM usakI samasta vyavasthA kI dhurI / vyakti, vizva evaM anekAneka saMgaThanoM kI gatyAtmaka kAryapraNAlI / * zAMti tathA sahayoga kA mArga hai mukta samparka, svataMtratA evaM lokataMtra * pratibaMdhita samparka sUtra phailAte haiM galata samajha, kaTutA, vaira aura hiMsA / * vyaktigata jIvana ke aneka pakSa tathA saMtulana kI suI vyakti ke hAtha / * tabhI to dikhate haiM pratyeka vyakti ke apane-apane sUrkhamukhI aura apane-apane kekTasa / * vyakti ko hI pahale apane bhItara baiThe vikAroM ke rAkSasa se lar3anA hogA / * vizva evaM vyakti ke bIca jitanA adhika sAmaMjasya, vyavasthA utanI hI sucArU / 3. manuSya hI hai samasta vyavasthA kA sUtradhAra, saMcAlaka evaM saMvardhaka mAnava tana evaM jIvana kI sArthakatA hai mAnavatA ko AtmasAt karane meM 6 7 8 9 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 16 17 18 21 23 24 25 27 28 29 30 31 31 3333333 1 3 4 5 32 35 36 XXIII

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sucaritram * Apa kisa prakAra ke mAnava bananA pasaMda kareMge? .mana se hI manuSya hai jo varadAna bhI hai to abhizApa bhI bana sakatA hai .mana kI gati ko rokie nahIM, gati ko gaMtavya kI ora bar3hAie * mAnava-mana meM calatA rahatA hai devAsura saMgrAma pala-pratipala * caritra sampanna vyaktitva hI mana ko niyaMtrita, prerita evaM samunnata banAtA hai *sadhe hue mana ke sAtha manuSya vyavasthA ke eka-eka sUtra ko sAdha letA hai * manuSya dharma ko dhAraNa karake hI vyavasthA kA saMcAlana kare * sAmAjika samarasatA ke yoga se manuSya dvArA vyavasthA kA saMvardhana * vizva-vyavasthA evaM mAnavatA kA hita eka-dUsare ke pUraka baneM * apanI manuSyatA ko pahacAneM tathA sampUrNa mAnava jAti ko eka mAnakara caleM 4. jJAna vijJAna kA vikAsa evaM sAmAjika jIvana kI gati * saMsAra eka vizAla zikSAlaya hai, jJAna kA prakAza phailA pUrva ke sUrya se * gUDha jJAna se upaje dArzanika ciMtana ne bhArata ko 'vizvaguru' kA mAna dilAyA * jJAna-darzana vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi meM mAnava kA sAmAjika vikAsa RSiyoM, tIrthaMkaroM, buddhoM,guruoM, paigambaroM ne kiyA dharma siddhAMtoM kA nirUpaNa * dArzanika paramparA, tAttvika cintana Adi se hotA rahA vicAra maMthana * bhautika vijJAna kI pragati yuga parivartanakArI siddha huI hai * jJAna-vijJAna ke vikAsa kA sAmAjika gatikraya ke sAtha tAlamela nahIM *saMbaMdhoM kA jAla hotA hai samAja, jisameM saMbaMdhoM kA saMkaTa gaharAtA rahA * sAmAjika saMbaMdhoM ke samyak nirvAha hetu caritra gaThana paramAvazyaka 5. aba taka ke vikAsa kA posTamArTama arthAt mAnava jIvana ke yathArtha kI khoja samajhie cAra koNoM kI bAta aura mAnava jIvana kI yathArthatA kA rahasya * aba taka ke vikAsa kA posTamArTama tathA usakA ujalA pakSa sAmAjika evaM mUlyAtmaka cetanA kI abhivyakti jAgI hai, prakhara banI hai *vijJAna vikAsa se vaicArikatA banI hai to vizva ekatA kI niSThA bar3hI hai * jaba caritra giratA hai taba acchAI bhI burAI kA sAdhana banA dI jAtI hai sAmAjika jIvana ke pichar3epana se abhAvagrastatA evaM cetnaa-shuunytaa| * zAstroM ko banA diyA zastra aura samAja va dharma ho gae svArthoM ke akhAr3e * vijJAna sattA ke bhUkhe bher3iyoM kI dAr3hoM meM jA phaMsA aura khUna ugalane lagA * jJAna-vijJAna ke durupayoga se upajI hai ghRNA, svArthavAditA, kaTutA aura hiMsA * posTa-mArTama ke bAda samajhe ki jIvana ke yathArtha ko kahAM va kaise khojeM? * yathArtha milegA manuSya ke apane hI bhItara aura patha dikhAegA caritra 6. kyA vizva kI vikRta vyavasthA mAnavIya mUlyoM kI mAMga nahIM karatI? * mAnava ne hI gar3he-bigAr3e aura race-saMvAre haiM mAnavIya mUlya Aja ke mAnava jIvana ko kasauTI para caDhAne kI belA A gaI hai XXIV

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* mAnavIya mUlyoM kI punaH pratiSThA hetu lakSya banAveM Atmopalabdhi kA mAnavIya mUlyoM kA nirmANa saMbhava hogA satya kI bhUmikA para * vyakti kI apAra icchAoM ke niyaMtraNa hetu sAmAjika vyavasthA bhI cAhie * vyavasthA kI samUcI praNAlI ahiMsA para AdhArita kI jAe * antarbAhya jIvana ke sRjana se vikAsa kA cakra nita calatA rahe 7. caraNa camatkAra se ho sakatA hai kaisA bhI jIvana mahimA maMDita 8. antara se AvAja uThe - khola mana, daravAjA khola * vizva taka kI vartamAna vyavasthA vikRta hai mAnavIya mUlyoM ke kSaraNa se * AcAra hInatA Aja ke mAnava kI samasyA hai to usakA samAdhAna hai sadAcAra 9. * caraNa bala prApta hotA hai eka lambe abhyAsa evaM AyAma ke pazcAt * caraNa vidhi, saMskAra kI bhUmikA evaM caritra gaThana se vyaktitva kA nirmANa * Aja nae mAnava kA sRjana apekSita hai jo hogA caritra ke nirmANa se * caritra sampannatA ke patha para puruSArtha catuSTya kA yogadAna * caraNa gati aura caraNa zakti samAja tathA saMsAra meM navaprANa phUMkegI * caritra kI utkRSTatA kI kasauTI hai paramArtha, parahita evaM loka-kalyANa ) caraNa gati hI vyavasthA ko paramArtha se tathA krAMti ko Adarza se jor3egI caraNa camatkAra se hI badalegI dRSTi aura naI dikhAI degI sRSTi * kitanA hI nikRSTa bhI kyoM na ho, vaha jIvana mahimA maMDita hogA caraNa camatkAra se * tabhI to bhavya caraNa kahate haiM - calo, majabUtI se calo aura calate raho caritra evaM samAnArtha zabdoM kI sarala subodha vyAkhyA * caritra kA zabdArtha, bhAvArtha evaM usakI sArthakatA kA samagra jIvana para prabhAva * mUlataH caritra kI yathArthatA hai usakI azubhatA se zubhatA kI ora gati * caritra ke samAnArthaka zabdoM kA antarbhAva eka, para vyavahAra ke rUpa aneka * caritrazIlatA guNa aura karma ke mahala khar3e karatI hai naitikatA kI nIMva para * kyoM bikhara jAtA hai caritrahIna vyakti miTTI ke eka Dhele kI taraha ? AdhyAtmika jagat meM caritra yA cAritra kI U~cAiyoM kI thAha lIjie! * antarvRtti evaM bAhya pravRtti kA darpaNa hotA hai caritra * caritra kI vyAkhyA ko samajheM, usakA vizleSaNa kareM aura zubhatA ko apanAveM ! mAnava jIvana meM AcAra vijJAna : sukha zAMti kA rAjamArga * AcAra bhAratIya ciMtana kA mUla kendra aura vahI saMskRti kA prANa * mAnava jIvana kI lakSya sAdhanA kA mUlAdhAra hai AcAra * AcAra vijJAna kA bahuAyAmI svarUpa : mUlya evaM mUlyAMkana * zramaNAcAra meM AcAra ke utkRSTa svarUpa kA darzana hotA hai ! * AcAra vijJAna ke rasAyana rUpa haiM sarva zuddhAcArI pAMca vrata * sabhI dharmoM kA sAra - ahiMsA kintu vahA~ taka pahu~cane kI samasyA anukramaNikA 82 83 84 86 87 87 88 89 92 93 94 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 104 106 108 109 110 112 113 115 117 118 119 121 122 123 125 127 136 XXV

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sucaritram 137 139 141 142 144 145 149 150 152 AcaraNa kA AdhAra jIvana kA parama sudhAra 10. ratnatraya kA tRtIya ratna kitanA maulika, kitanA mArmika? .tIna ratnoM ko pahicAniye aura unakA mola AMkie! * jAno, mAno aura karo kI zrRMkhalA meM 'karo' kA maulika mahattva jJAna aura darzana kI niSThA sAkAra rUpa letI hai AcAra kI ArAdhanA meM AcAra mImAMsA ke AdigraMtha ke eka adhyAya lokasAra kA sAra caritrazIlatA ke mArga para calie aura nae saccaritra samAja kI racanA kIjie 11. vividhatA meM bhI caritra kI AtmA eka aura usakA lakSya bhI eka *caritra prayoga ke bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke kSetra parantu AntarikatA eka .caritra kA lakSya bhI eka hai ki vikRtiyA~ TUTeM tathA samatA bhAva phUTe! *samatA ko AraMbha aura anta kI kar3I banAo : sadA sukha pAo! *sAre saMsAra ko apanA ghara mAno : bAhara yuddha roko, bhItara yuddha lar3o! *caritra kI AtmA hai-sampUrNa mAnava jAti kI ekatA * vicAra, AcAra meM samatA aura sarvatra samatA hI caritra kA dhyeya 12. saMsAra va samAja ke kuzala prabaMdhana kA eka hI AdhAra caritra prabaMdhana hai Aja kA prazna, samAdhAna aura uddezya bhI * prabaMdhana kI kuzalatA hetu vyAvasAyikatA paryApta yA bhAvanAtmakatA bhI jarUrI? caritra niSThA ke binA kisI bhI prabaMdhana kI saphalatA saMdigdha rhegii| * kuzala prabaMdhana hetu caritra gaThana kI prAthamika anivAryatA evaM vikAsa kI kramikatA * kuzala prabaMdhana ke kSetroM kI pahacAna karo tathA naI vyavasthA kI rUparekhA banAo! * saMsAra va samAja kA kuzala prabaMdhana tathA ahiMsaka jIvana zailI kA mAdhyama 13. mAnava caritrazIla banegA to samagra samAja sajanazIla * deha svArthI mAnava kSudra hotA hai, use virATatA kI ora le jAtA hai samAja! *vyakti karma aura sAmASTika karmaH karma kA sarva sambaddha svarUpa caritra ke prati niSThA evaM samarpaNa vyakti va samAja kI jAgRti ke mukhya bindu Adhunika yuga kI caritra sambandhI do viDambanAe~ *vyaSTi evaM samaSTi ke saMbaMdhoM ko navInatA dene kA prazna .mAnava cetanA adamya hai, avijeya hai aura hai sAmAjika sRjana kI maulika dhArA 14. caritra nirmANa kA pAramparika pravAha evaM usakA saiddhAMtika pakSa *sabhyatA, saMskRti, dhAraNA, paramparA evaM caritra nirmANa * zArIrika tathA mAnasika vikAsa ke sAtha caritra nirmANa kI kramikatA * paramparA ke pravAha meM mahApuruSoM kA yogadAna evaM caritra bala ke camatkAra *caritra nirmANa meM prArthanA kI paramparA kA prabhAva * caritra nirmANa kA kendra hai mAnava aura use sadA kendra meM hI rakhanA cAhie caritra nirmANa kA evaM usakA phalitArtha saiddhAMtika pakSa 153 155 157 159 160 162 164 165 167 167 171 173 175 177 179 180 182 183 185 187 189 190 191 193 194 196 XXVI

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anukramaNikA 198 199 201 202 204 206 208 210 211 213 215 216 218 220 222 *caritra nirmANa kA pravAha bAdhita ho sakatA hai, avaruddha kadApi nahIM 15. vibhinna dharmagraMthoM, vAdoM-vicAroM meM caritra nirmANa kI avadhAraNAe~ * manuSya jAti kI ekatA para sthita hai caritra nirmANa kI mUla avadhAraNA *dharma aura samAja kI parasparatA tathA caritra gaThana para bala * vibhinna dharma graMthoM meM varNita hai utkRSTa cAritrika guNa * vAdoM-vicAroM meM caritra nirmANa ke prazna sulajhe bhI, ulajhe bhI * donoM pahiyoM kI asamAnatA meM nahIM calatA hai caritra kA ratha .caritra nirmANa hai sabakA sAdhya 16. naitikatA bharA AcaraNa le jAtA hai sadAcAra ke mArga para * naitikatA kA vAstavika svarUpa tathA usake do pakSa evaM do rUpa naitikatA karttavya-pAlana bhI to kartavyAkarttavya ke nirNaya kA AdhAra bhI naitikatA AcaraNa meM utaratI hai to vaha sadAcAra ke mArga para le jAtI hai *sva-svabhAva rUpa samatva kI prApti hI naitika jIvana kA sAdhya hai * naitika mAnadaMDa dikhAte haiM naitika cetanA ke vikAsa ke stara * nItizAstrIya naitikatA evaM Adhunika manovijJAna kA gaharA saMbaMdha * naitikatA kA atikramaNa le jAtA hai Asakti evaM baMdhana se mukti taka * naitika jIvana sarala sukhamaya hotA hai kintu use sAdhanA saccA puruSArtha hai 17. caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA meM phUTate haiM AcAra ke kaise-kaise AkAra? * AcAra ko eka bindu mAneM to usake Age hai zubhAcAra aura pIche hai azubhAcAra * caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA meM phUTe haiM aura phUTate haiM AcAra ke vividha AkAra *AcAra kI bhinna-bhinna pariNatiyA~ hotI hai svabhAva va vibhAva ke dharAtaloM para * AcAra meM pragatizIla mor3a lAne vAlA maMgala-suvicAra * AcAra ke svastha evaM vikAsazIla AkAra hetu jarUrI hai puruSArtha 18. mAnava caritra kA saMcaraNa itihAsa ke pariprekSya meM * itihAsa kyA hotA hai?-caritra ke utthAna-patana kI kahAniyA~ hI to * mAnava caritra ke saMcaraNa kI dRSTi se bhAratIya itihAsa kA siMhAvalokana * itihAsa aura saMskRti ke utAra-car3hAva tathA caritra nirmANa kI kramikatA caritra nirmANa abhiyAna aura paruSArtha prayoga 19. saMskRti, sabhyatA, sAhitya aura kalA baniyAdI tatva *caritra vikAsa meM saMskRti prANa tattva hai to sabhyatA usakA bhautika tattva * bhAratIya saMskRti evaM sabhyatA kI caritragata vizeSatAe~ sAhitya samAja kA darpaNa hotA hai ataH caritra nirmANa kA bhI saMskRti, sabhyatA, sAhitya evaM kalA ke samanvita rUpa se DhalatI hai caritraniSThA unnata caritra kI pratIka hAtI hai kalA aura kalAmaya rAjasthAna citrakalA zilpa aura bhASA para bAharI saMskRtiyoM kA prabhAva tathA caritra nirmANa kA pakSa 223 224 226 228 230 233 234 235 237 239 240 243 244 246 250 252 253 255 256 257 XXVII

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sucaritram 258 260 262 263 264 266 267 * caritra nirmANa kI vyApakatA ke lie saMskRti Adi kA adhyayana Avazyaka 20. mAnavIya mUlyoM kA preraka dharma hI ujjvala caritra * cAvala ke kaNa aura caritra ke guNa : racanAdharmitA ke rahasya ko smjheN| .dharma caritra hai aura caritra dharma, phira caritra nirmANa meM ekarUpatA kyoM nahIM? *dharma pravartakoM kA antarnihita lakSya rahA caritra vistAra se svataH cAlita vyavasthA kA *caritra nirmANa arthAt dharma ke AcaraNa kA pradhAna lakSya hai loka-kalyANa *dharma kA pariNAma caritra-nirmANa aura usakA pariNAma mAnava mUlyoM kA sRjana * vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika caritra ke saMtulana kI Dora dharma ke pAsa .dharma calAe calatA hai, saMsAra banAe banatA hai aura cAritrika parAkrama kI mahattA 21. lakSya nirdhAraNa zubha ho to saMkalpa siddhi bhI zubha *dharma, saMskAra, vAtAvaraNa se upajI bhAvamayatA nIMva kI pahalI IMTa *bhAvamayatA kI eka-eka IMTa nIMva ko ahiMsA para AdhArita banA degI *bhAva-svabhAva aura caritra vikAsa kA pragati cakra . .caritra vikAsa se jIvanazailI kA unnayana evaM samatva yoga *caritra vikAsa kA zikhara hai satya aura satya ke Agraha kA rUpa *yoM sampUrNa caritra vikAsa hotA hai bhAvamaya-uccatara se uccatama taka 22. AcAra ke uccatara bindu, ahiMsaka krAMti aura vyaktitva gaThana .AcAra ke uccatara bindu tathA gaNazIlatA kI sampannatA * vikAsazIla guNoM ke caudaha sthAna unakA saMkSipta vivaraNa va vizleSaNa .nIMva hilI to imArata DhahI aura chata DAlI to kAma sahI * ahiMsaka krAMti kA AgAja, vizvavyApI maMthana evaM phalazruti *caritra vikAsa se ho nae mUlyoM evaM nae mAnava-vyaktitva kA sRjana * caritra vikAsa mAnava-saMbaMdhoM meM ahiMsA kI pratiSThA kA kAraka bane 23. jaba dharmAcaraNa rUr3ha hotA hai to bAdhita hotA hai caritra vikAsa * kyA hai saccA dharma aura kaisA honA cAhie usakA AcaraNa * AcaraNa ke do pakSa : kaunasA prANa, kaunasA kalevara .dharmAcaraNa kI rUr3hatA ke kAraNa aneka, para pariNAma eka .rUr3hatA kI pahalI mAru par3atI hai caritra-cetanA aura viveka-buddhi para 24. durvyasanoM kI bAr3ha bahA detI hai caritra nirmANa kI phaladAyI phasala ko amarabela kI taraha lipaTakara jIvana kA sarvanAza kara dete haiM vyasana * durvyasanoM ke anya prakAra tathA Aja ke jamAne ke vyasana *cAritrika adha:patana kI ora le jAtI hai durvyasanoM kI rAheM durvyasanoM kA pallA pakar3A ki jIvana kaSToM meM jakar3A vi+Asana-vikRta AhAra karAtA vyAdhiyoM meM vihAra yaha vijJAna sammata niSkarSa hai ki aMDA mAMsAhAra hai 268 270 274 276 277 279 280 283 284 285 287 289 292 294 295 298 299 300 309 373 314 315 316 318 - XXVIII

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* zarAba kitanI kharAba - koI hada nahIM aura nazA bigAr3atA dazA * tambAkU ke purAne - nae utpAda kara rahe jindagiyA~ barabAda * cAritrika adha: patana kI nIcAI meM kyoM nahIM dikha rahI saccAI * punarcetana ke bIja bone hoMge vyasanI jIvana kI bhAva bhUmi meM tambAkU - aphIma kI khetI hI ho baMda, jisase miTe karor3oM ke duHkha dvanda * zAkAhAra se bane jIvana sAtvika, taba vicAra bhI hoveM tAtvika * bhAna bhUle aura bhayabhIta mAnava ke lie zraddhA para laga jAtA hai praznacihna * rUr3hatA kA unmUlana ho, nivAraka evaM racanAtmaka upAyoM se * aisA hI caritra vikAsa jo rUr3hatA meM bhI TikA rahe aura rUr3hatA ko Tikane na deM 25. dharma aura vijJAna kA sAmaMjasya nikhAregA mAnava caritra kA svarUpa * samagra jIvana meM dharma aura vijJAna kA sAmaMjasya kyA saMbhava hai? AtmA aura prakRti donoM ke vijJAna se mAnava jIvana kA ghaniSTha saMbaMdha jaina darzana kI vaijJAnika virAsata hai- dharma vijJAna sAmaMjasya kI preraNA * aba dharma phira se vijJAna hone lagA hai aura vijJAna dharma kI ora bar3hane lagA hai * mAnava caritra kA navarUpa nikharegA AdhyAtmika vijJAna aura vaijJAnika adhyAtma se 26. zreSTha zikSA, saMskAra se sAmarthyavAna va guNI vyaktitva kA nirmANa * susaMskAroM ke nirmANa kI yAtrA evaM parasparatA kA yogadAna * saMskAra nirmANa se satzikSA tathA satzikSA se susaMskAra sRjana * zikSA kA uddezya hI caritra vikAsa, tabhI to kahA hai- 'sA vidyA yA vimuktaye' cAritrika vyaktitva ke samagra vikAsa hetu zikSA praNAlI kA nirdhAraNa ) kSamatA vikAsa kA gura hai ki samAja ko sadA Adarzonmukha rakho uttama saMskAra, zikSA va kSamatA caritra vikAsa ke mUla bhI haiM aura phala bhI 27. dhanabala, bAhubala va sattA kI tAkata kA sadupayoga caritravAna hI karegA * niyaMtraNa- - zUnya vijJAna ne dI vilAsitA aura saMhAraka zakti sattA ke saMga meM tape tapAe netA bhI svacchaMdatA aura bhraSTatA kI ora mur3a jAte haiM * sattA se dhana aura dhana se sattA ke duScakra meM sArI acchAiyA~ bheMTa car3hI * caritrahInatA se vyavasthAe~ sar3a rahI haiM, AparAdhikatA bace khuce mUlyoM ko nigala rahI hai * bhraSTAcAra Upara se nIce taka aisA phailA ki bezarmI bhI zaramA gaI * caritra ke sarvanAza ke mUla meM hai dhana- sattA lUTane kA pAgalapana dhana ko dhana ke sthAna para le jAveM aura dharma ko dharma ke sthAna para lAveM 28. bar3hate AtaMkavAda va hiMsA ke lie dharmAndhatA jimmedAra * dharma aura dharma ke nAma para donoM alaga-alaga manodazAeM hotI haiM * asala meM dharma ke do chora haiM- mAnava dharma evaM sAmpradAyika kaTTaratA * dharma ke nAma para kyoM khulate haiM hiMsA ke daravAje aura kauna kholatA hai unheM * sAmpradAyika kaTTaratA, AtaMkavAda evaM hiMsA ke daravAjoM ke pIche ke najAre anukramaNikA 318 319 320 321 321 323 324 325 325 328 329 331 333 335 337 340 341 343 345 346 348 349 350 353 355 356 358 359 360 361 364 366 368 369 371 XXIX

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sucaritram * dharma alokapriya hotA hai dharma ke nAma para kI jAne vAlI kaTTaratA kI kAryavAhiyoM se * dharma-dhAraNa se caritrazIlatA panapatI hai aura dharma ke nAma para sirpha caritrahInatA 29. sAmAjika pravAha kI gatizIlatA va nirantaratA hetu ho badalAva * kRti kA svarNa yuga aura pratikRti kA lambA aMdhakAra - kAla * caritrahInatA kA tamasa miTe aura parivartana ke prakAza meM satkRti ubhare * satkRti meM phira se bharane hoMge, kRti ke camacamAte raMga * naI pIr3hI kA nIMva se nirmANa bane satkRti ke caritra kI pahacAna * dharma, ahiMsA aura lokataMtra se mizrita bane bhAvI jIvanazailI * 'sva' ke anusaMdhAna se ubharegA lAlimAyukta cAritrika navodaya 30. sudRr3ha saMkalpa binA camatkAra asaMbhava * saMkalpa sudRr3ha ho to vicAra kyA, kalpanA bhI sAkAra ho jAtI hai| * saMkalpa - yAtrA meM bhaya kA sAmanA tana-bala se nahIM, mana-bala se * ApadA kitanI bhI bar3I yA kar3I kyoM na ho, sAdhya ko sadaiva yAda rakho * caritrahInatA ke cakravyUha ko tor3o, saMkalpa se, saMskAra se, sadAzaya se * sAmAjika anyAya ko miTAne se miTegI caritrahInatA * hInatA kA uttara hotA hai sampannatA ataH caritra sampannatAhI pradhAna sAdhya 31. saMkalpita, samarpita va sarvasva sauMpane kI tatparatA hI yuvA kI pahacAna * yuvAjana apanA vyaktitva pracaMDa banAveM, eka mazAla se aneka mazAleM jalAveM * Atma-niyaMtraNa, manobala evaM saMtulana meM hai svastha vikAsa kA rahasya * jIvana ke sArthaka prayAsa, pratibhA kA prasphuTana evaM yuvA zakti * jAgRti evaM karmaThatA kI cunautI kA uttara milegA AtmA kI AvAja meM * yuvAoM meM kSamatA hotI hai apane aura dUsaroM ke caritra ko ujjavala banAne kI * caritra sampannatA ke lie yuvA vyaktitva bhI hai to saMsthAna bhI 32. caritra ko aMtarrASTrIya stara para le jAne hetu sadbhAva jarUrI * manuSya jAti eka hai, use khaNDa-khaNDa se akhaNDa banAveM * sImA rahita vizva ke nirmANa hetu aMtarrASTrIya kAnUnoM kI dizA * pahale sulajhAnI hogI vicAra saMgharSa kI jaTila samasyA ko XXX * nayA arthazAstra bhI honA cAhie viSamatAoM ko samApta karane vAlA * sAmAjikatA hajAra jihvAoM se bole, para mUla jihvA eka ho * caritra sampannatA kA lakSya bane vizvastarIya caritra kA gaThana 33. naI sakArAtmaka chavi ubharanI cAhie dharma-sampradAyoM kI ) saccA dharma sadA zubhatAmaya, para sampradAe~ bhI zubhatA kI vAhaka thI kyoM girI sampradAe~ apane dAyitvoM se aura kyoM azubhatA kI kAraNa banIM ? > bAhara kI bhUla-bhulaiyA se nikala kara sakArAtmaka chavi banAne kI jarUrata * kina upAyoM se DhAlI jA sakatI hai dharma-sampradAyoM kI chavi ? 372 373 375 376 378 380 382 384 386 388 390 391 393 395 397 399 401 402 404 406 409 410 412 414 416 417 419 421 424 426 428 430 432 433 435

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caritrazIlatA hI dharma aura nIti para car3he maila ko dho sakegI * naI sakArAtmaka chavi mUla se ubharegI aura vahI naI vizva saMskRti racegI 34. mAnava sabhyatA ke vikAsa kI kahAnI isI trikoNa para TikI hai caritra nirmANa se caritra sampannatA taka kI satata yAtrA krodha ke bAda krama hai mAna, mAyA tathA lobha kA dharma aura vijJAna kI majabUriyA~ miTAne kA vakta A gayA hai aba bAta socanI hogI dhArmika vijJAna evaM vaijJAnika dharma kI bhautika-Atmika do nahIM, pravahamAna saritA ke do taToM kI taraha eka hai dharma, vijJAna va vikAsa kA antarsambandha evaM cAritrika pragati caritra sampannatA kA yaha trikoNa, mAnava jIvana kara rakSA- mAnava 35. zoSaNa aura utpIr3ana miTe binA prema kahA~ ? prema binA samatA kaisI? mAnava hRdaya meM samatA kA vAsa : samAnatA kA mApadaMDa caritra samatA AegI jaba viSamatA miTegI aura viSamatA miTegI taba jaba hiMsA ghaTegI sampUrNa jIvanazailI kA ahiMsaka honA hI samatA kA mUlAdhAra parigraha saMcaya para aMkuza se samatA sthAI va sarvavyApI hogI hiMsA, bhaya, ghRNA ke tyAga ke sAtha samatA hetu vAMchita guNoM kA varaNa sahamati se samatA aura samatA se prema kI sarasatA bahuAyAmI samatA kA lakSya rahe jIvana meM atha se iti taka 36. samUcI samasyAoM kA hala hogA manuSya kI cAla va usake calana se mahAjanoM ne mArga banAyA, calAyA, hara yuga meM mahAjana hote haiN| caritra nirmANa nahIM hogA to kahAM se AeMge nae manuSya aura mahAjana * Aja ke manuSya ko bhI nae caritra ke sAtha apanI naI cAla banAnI hogI taba usa cAla kA calana kaise ho yaha bhI nizcita karanA hogA yaha cAla-calana mAnava mArga kA pratIka ho aura samUcI samasyAoM kA nirNAyaka isa cAlana-calana kA uddezya ho pIr3hiyoM ke lie asIma Ananda 37. nava jAgaraNa kA bahuAyAmI kAryakrama mAnavIya dRSTikoNa ke sAtha sArvajanina caritra nirmANa kA uddezya banAveM abhiyAna ke rASTrastarIya uddezyoM kI arthavattA para eka vihaMgama dRSTi vyakti ke uttarottara caritra vikAsa hetu abhiyAna ke tIna caraNoM kA vivaraNa abhiyAna ke AyojanoM va prabhAtapherI Adi ke kAryakramoM meM utsAha kA saMcAra karane vAle gIta-pragIta abhiyAna ke saMvidhAna kI saMkSipta rUparekhA abhiyAna ko eka racanAtmaka prayoga mAnate hue pUrI satarkatA rahe 38. caritra gati hetu grAhya guNasUtra va pracAra neTavarka abhiyAna kI mArmikatA spaSTa karane vAle grAhya guNasUtra : praznottara ke mAdhyama se isa AtmAnubhUti ke kSaNoM se gujaranA cAhie abhiyAna ke pratyeka sahabhAgI ko anukramaNikA 438 439 442 444 447 447 449 451 452 454 456 458 460 462 463 465 467 468 470 472 474 476 480 481 483 485 487 488 489 493 499 501 503 505 512 XXXI

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sucaritram apane Apako svayaM dekheM- dekhate raheM aura dRr3hatA ke sUtroM ko jor3ate raheM Adhunika yuga meM pracAra kA sahI neTavarka saphalatA kI gAraMTI hotA hai caritra nirmANa se prApta hone vAle devatva para socate rahie 39. caritrabala se hI ghUmegA zubhaMkara parivartana kA cakra kaise jAgegA caritra bala aura kaisA hotA hai zubhaMkara parivartana ? dharma ko bhedabhAva vihIna akhaMDa mAneM aura use jIvana se jor3eM abhiyAna ke sahabhAgiyoM ke lie caritra nirmANa vicAra va AcAra saMhitA ho sakatI hai| caritra nirmANa jIvana kI kalA evaM caritra vistAra vizva kA ekIkaraNa nizcaya mAneM ki caritra bala ke lie koI bhI sAdhya asaMbhava nahIM 40. jIvana nirantara calate rahane kA nAma 'ai jindagI, kAza hamane bhI tujhe jiyA hotA' yaha kahakara bAda meM pachatAnA na par3e jaba calanA sIkhA jAtA hai, taba samajha meM AtI hai jIvana kI gati jIvana kA mUla maMtra hai- uTho, calo, calate raho- sAtha na ho to akele hI calo para calo calane kA artha hai- sarvocca satya kI ahiMsaka zodha meM lage raho calate rahanA hai karma karate rahanA aura karma karate rahanA jIvana kA dharma hai Apa calate raheM aura caritra nirmANa kI yAtrA anavarata calatI rahe mAnava jIvana pAne kI sArthakatA hai - careveti:- careveti: calate raho, calate raho 41. yuvAoM, uTho aura isa vijaya abhiyAna ko sabala netRtva do ! astitva, vyaktitva va varcasva kI sIr3hiyAM evaM caritra vikAsa ke sopAna yauvana kahatA hai- mujhe girA ke bhI agara tuma saMbhala sako to calo ! viveka aura zakti kA sammizraNa cAhie yauvana ke vega meM eka Adarza yuvaka yA yuvatI meM kina cAritrika guNoM kI apekSA hotI hai ? caritra nirmANa ke mahatkArya meM Izvaratva kA darzana kare yauvana yuvAnoM, isa vijaya abhiyAna ko apanA netRtva deM - saphala banAveM 42. caritra ke zikhara para pahuMcane kA rahasya caritralInatA ke zikhara para pahu~cane vAle dhyAna kI pRSThabhUmi Agama sAhitya meM dhyAna kA vivecana mArmika evaM gUr3ha hai jaina paramparA kI dhyAna sAdhanA evaM anya dhyAna dhArAe~ AcArya nAneza dvArA pravartita Atma-samIkSaNa dhyAna sAdhanA jIvana ke utthAna meM dhyAna kI bhUmikA evaM zakti kA rUpAMtaraNa dhyAna kA jJAna-vijJAna tathA svayaM kI svayaM dvArA zodha Atma-bodha, Atma-Arogya tathA Atma-puruSArtha kA AraMbha dhyAna se caritra kA vaizvIkaraNa aura mAnava jIvana meM mahAnatA pratyeka vyakti saMsAra kI ikAI hai tathA sArA saMsAra usakA apanA hai XXXII 514 516 518 520 522 523 525 531 532 535 537 540 542 543 544 546 547 550 EUR 552 554 556 557 559 561 562 562 564 566 569 570 572 574 576 577

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rahasyoM, saMbhAvanAoM tayA pratyakSa upalabdhiyoM se bharA hai yaha saMsAra

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rahasyoM, saMbhAvanAoM tathA pratyakSa upalabdhiyoM se bharA hai yaha saMsAra! caritra nirmANa : kyA, kyoM, kaise? caritra bala ke dhanI evaM tejasvI eka mahAtmA eka nagara se dUsare nagara kI ora padayAtrA kara rahe the| mArga meM unakI najara eka mAnava samudAya para par3I jisameM puruSoM ke sivAya bacce aura mahilAeM bhI thiiN| unake cehare udAsa the aura unakI AMkhoM se AMsU baha rahe the| mahAtmA yaha dRzya dekhakara dravita ho gae, pAsa jAkara unhoMne unake kaSTa kA kAraNa pUchA? batAyA gayA ki unakA pUrA gA~va nadI kI teja bAr3ha meM baha gayA hai| isa kAraNa ve saba beghara ho gae haiN| auratoM-baccoM ko lekara sira DhaMkane kI unake pAsa koI jagaha nahIM hai| unhoMne mahAtmA se vinatI kIApa hI hamAre kaSTa-mocaka bnie|' __ mahAtmA ne na jAne kyA socA aura palabhara meM itanA hI kahA-'calo, saba loga hamAre sAtha clo|' Age-Age mahAtmA aura pIche-pIche sArA samudAya cala pdd'aa| mahAtmA ne nagara meM praveza kiyA aura kahIM bhI binA ruke ve sabake sAtha rAjamahala meM praviSTa ho ge| una tejasvI puruSa ko rokane kI bhalA kisameM himmata thI? ve sIdhe rAja-darabAra meM hI cale gae, jahAM siMhAsana para baiThe rAjA kisI rAjakAja meM saMlagna the| rAjA ne mahAtmA ko khar3e hokara Adara-pUrvaka praNAma

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sucaritram kiyA, lekina unake sAtha bhikhamaMgoM jaisI bhIr3a dekhakara vaha mana hI mana uttejita-sA ho gayA, bolAmahAtman! Apa ina saba logoM ko rAja-darabAra meM kisa prayojana se le Ae haiM? yaha rAjamahala hai, isakI pratiSThA kA bhI Apane khayAla nahIM kiyaa| mahAtmA ne choTA-sA uttara diyA-'ye saba beghara aura duHkhI haiM, isalie inheM rAjamahala meM rahane ke lie le AyA huuN|' taba to rAjA kA krodha bAhara phUTa par3A'mahAtman! Apa hoza meM to haiM ki aise logoM ko rAjamahala meM basAne ke lie le Ae haiM? yaha koI dharmazAlA nahIM hai|' ___mahAtmA ne kucha tIkSNa svara meM kahA-'yaha dharmazAlA nahIM to aura kyA hai? ise dharmazAlA samajha kara hI to maiM ina sabako yahA~ lAyA huuN|' rAjA ApA khote hue bole-'merA rAjamahala Apako dharmazAlA laga rahA hai ! Apa santa nahIM hote to maiM Apako na jAne kyA daMDa de baiThatA?' isa para mahAtmA zAnta ho gae aura pUchane lage-'rAjan! abhI to tuma isa rAjamahala meM raha rahe ho, lekina tumase pahale yahA~ kauna rahatA thA?' rAjA bolA-'mere pitA shrii|' unase pahale ke prazna kA uttara diyA-'mere dAdA shrii|' aura iMsa taraha mahAtmA ne pIr3hiyA~ ginavA dii| phira bole-'tumhAre bAda isameM kauna rahegA?' 'merA rAjakumAra'rAjA bhI dhImA pdd'aa| ___ mahAtmA ne taba pUchA-'rAjan ! aba batAo, dharmazAlA kisako kahate haiM? usI AvAsa sthAna ko na, jahA~ yAtrI Ate haiM, kucha samaya ke lie Thaharate haiM aura phira cale jAte haiM aura yahI krama banA rahatA hai| ThIka hai na?' rAjA niruttara ho gyaa| taba mahAtmA hI Age bole-'tumhArA rAjamahala bhI to aisA hI huA na?' rAjA sira jhukAe khar3A rhaa| mahAtmA hI bolate rahe-'rAjan! dharmazAlA meM sabhI ko Thaharane kA adhikAra hotA hai aura isa kAraNa ye beghara loga bhI yahIM tthhreNge| lekina maiM tumheM eka preraNA denA cAhatA huuN|' rAjA ne hAtha jor3akara kahA-'mahAtmA ! merI AMkheM khula gaI haiM aura merA jhUThA abhimAna baha gayA hai, ataH aba ApakI preraNA nizcita rUpa se mere jIvana ke uddhAra kA hI koI mArga kholegii| maiM tatpara huuN|' mahAtmA ne kahA-'rAjan! mujhe harSa hai ki tumhAre mana kA saMkoca miTa gayA hai, isa kAraNa maiM batAnA cAhatA hU~ ki tumhArA yaha rAjamahala to bahuta choTA hai, lekina jIvana to vizAla evaM mahAn bana sakatA hai, phira tuma prabuddha kyoM na bano? yaha tabhI saMbhava hai jaba tuma sampUrNa saMsAra ko dharmazAlA mAna lo aura apane jIvana ko mahAn banAne kA puruSArtha kro|' rAjA ne nivedana kiyA-'mujhe batAiye ki maiM kyA karU~, jisase merA jIvana mahAn bana sake?' mahAtmA ne kahA-'rAjan! isI kSaNa se sAre saMsAra ko eka dharmazAlA mAna lo| jAno ki yaha saMsAra ananta rahasyoM aura saMbhAvanAoM se bharA par3A hai| AtmA meM ananta zakti hai| Atma-sAdhanA/ zodha meM pravRtta ho jaao| jitanI prabala tumhArI AtmA ke bAre meM jijJAsA aura sAhasikatA hogI, tumhArI upalabdhiyA~ bhI utanI hI vilakSaNa hogii| tuma apane lakSya meM saphala bano'-kA AzIrvAda dekara mahAtmA vahA~ se prasthAna kara ge|

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rahasyoM, saMbhAvanAoM tathA pratyakSa upalabdhiyoM se bharA hai yaha saMsAra ! bAda meM rAjA bhI apane choTe-se apanepana ko atIva vistRta svarUpa dene ke saMkalpa ke sAtha sampUrNa saMsAra ko apanA banAne ke liye rAjapada, rAjamahala aura nagara se nivRtta hokara apanI AtmayAtrA para cala par3A / kyoM jAnanA cAhate rahe haiM saba saMsAra ke chipe hue rahasyoM ko ? jIvana prApta ho jAnA eka bAta hai, parantu use jInA ekadama dUsarI hI baat| jIvana kitanA lambA milatA hai - yaha ullekhanIya tathya nahIM / sArthaka tathya yaha hai ki vaha jIvana kitanA kAryakSama rahA, hitAnveSaka evaM lokopakAraka siddha huA? kisI ke jIvana ke kitane varSa bIta gae - yaha koI nahIM dekhtaa| dekhA jAtA hai to yaha ki vaha kaise jiyA-kyA usane koI eka bhI aisA anUThA kAma kiyA, jise dekha, samajha aura mahasUsa karake sAmAnyajana kRtakRtya ho gae hoM ? * adhisaMkhya loga sAMsoM kA jIvana jIte to jarUra haiM, para pratipala mara-marakara jIte haiN| cAhe bhaya se marate rahe hoM yA krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ke kIcar3a meM kula-bulAte hue marate hoM athavA ajJAna kI aMdherI galiyoM meM ThokareM khAte hue marate hoM para pratipala ve mara-mara kara jIte haiN| aisA jIvana yathArtha (artha meM) jIvana kahalAne ke yogya nahIM hotA / vaha mRtyu sama jIvana hI hotA hai yA yoM kaheM ki kIr3oM-makor3oM-sI jiMdagI jI kara aise loga mAnava jIvana kI amUlya nidhi ko nirarthaka hI naSTa kara dete haiN| ajJAniyoM kI mRtyu bAra-bAra hotI hai, paraMtu paMDita janoM kA maraNa eka bAra hI hotA hai| (bAlANaM akAmaM tu maraNaM asaI bhve| paMDiyANaM sakAmaM tu ukkoseNa saiM bhave - uttarAdhyayana, 5/3) mAnava jIvana ko pAnA eka amUlya nidhi pAne jaisA hai aura nidhi kA jitanA sadupayoga hogA, vaha utanI hI sArthaka kahalAegI - isa saMsAra meM aise dhIra, vIra, gaMbhIra puruSoM kI kamI nahIM rahI hai aura na kisI bhI yuga meM rahatI hai yA rhegii| aise puruSa apane parAkrama, apanI sevA aura sAdhanA ke bala para aise utkRSTa caritra ko prApta kara lete haiM, jisake mAdhyama se ve sarvajanahita se saMbaMdhita rahasyoM kA udghATana karate haiM, sabake vikAsa kI saMbhAvanAoM ko sAmane lAte haiM aura aisI upalabdhiyA~ isa saMsAra ko de jAte haiM jo dIrghakAla taka isa (vizAla jagat) ko prakAzamAna banAe rakhatI hai| aise mahApuruSa jIvana ko to jIvantatA ke sAtha jIte hI haiM paraMtu mRtyu ke uparAnta bhI ( saMsAra ko ) apane yogadAna kI rozanI meM jIvita hI bane rahate haiM / UrjAvAna mahatvAkAMkSI yuvAoM ko apane caritra nirmANa ke saMdarbha meM apane jIvana kA bhI koI sarvajanahitakArI lakSya avazya nirdhArita karanA cAhie ki jIvana ko ve jieM, korI sAMseM hI na lete rheN| prAthamika taura para jIvana meM milane vAlI asaphalatA se unheM nirAza nahIM honA cAhiye / yaha asaphalatA hI saphalatA kI pahalI sIr3hI banatI hai| Akhira asaphala vahI to hotA hai jo karma meM pravRtta hotA hai, niSkriya to kyA saphala hogA aura kyA asaphala ? kisI zAyara ne ThIka hI kahA- 'zaha savAra hI girate haiM maidAne jaMga meM, vaha tiphala kyA giregA, jo ghuTanoM ke bala cale?' aisI sakriyatA ko lekara hI dhIra, vIra, gaMbhIra puruSa AtmA ke chipe hue rahasyoM ko udghATita 3

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sucaritram 4 karane kI dizA meM apanI ugra sAdhanA, zodha kA paricaya dete haiM aura sAhasa ke sAtha sAgara ke atala jala se ho yA parvatoM ke uttuMga zikharoM se mAnava hita hI nahIM, prANI hita kI aisI saMjIvaniyA~ lAkara saMsAra ko samarpita karate haiM ki ve apane sAtha aneka bhavijanoM ke uddhAra kA mArga bhI prazasta kara dete haiN| caritra kI camaka se camacamAte vyaktitva Aga meM se hokara nikalate haiM! 'honahAra biravAna ke hota cIkane pAta' kI ukti ke anusAra caritra kI camaka se camacamAne vAle jIvana kA AbhAsa gUr3ha dRSTi vAloM ko bahuta pahale hI ho jAtA hai| aise camatkArI puruSa anudghATita kalyANakArI rahasyoM kA sarvajanahitAya sarvajanasukhAya udghATana karate haiM, jo jJAnavijJAna kI uccatama avasthA meM pahu~ca kara mahAvIra bana jAte haiM, saMsAra ko maryAdA kA mArga dikhA kara rAma bana jAte haiM to nyAya kI adbhuta preraNA pradAna karate hue zrIkRSNa kA svarupa dhAraNa kara lete haiN| aise divya puruSoM kA anugamana karate hue Aja bhI rAjanIti meM ahiMsA kA abhinava prayoga karake koI nA hai to koI azaktajanoM kI niHsvArtha sevA karake madara TeresA / kintu aisI jIvantatA kaThora sAdhanA, kaSTa sahiSNutA, athAha vIratA, tyAga evaM balidAna kI sazakta bhUmikA nibhAe binA nahIM milatI hai / caritra kI camaka se camacamAte vyaktitva jaba Aga meM se hokara nikalate haiM, tabhI ve sone kI taraha damakate haiM / aise caritrazIla puruSoM ne sadA hI apanA jIvana nyauchAvara kiyA saMsAra ke kalyANa ke lie, prANI mAtra kI sevA ke lie aura svastha mAnavatA ke nirmANa ke lie / unakA yaha saMketa rahA hai ki mahattvAkAMkSI vyakti apane jIvana ko sArthaka banAne ke lie sAdhanA evaM sAhasa kI sahI Dagara ko pahicAneM / preraka puruSoM kA jIvana kevala unakA hI nahIM rahatA, vaha to samasta saMsAra meM sadA ke lie (samAhita) AdaraNIya ho jAtA 1 kyA Apa nahIM cAhate ki Apa unakI batAI huI Dagara para caleM ? kintu, yaha kAma Aga ke dariyA meM hokara gujarane jaisA hai| usa dariyA se jaba Apa bAhara nikaleMge to ApakA yahI jIvana camatkArI rUpa le legA, caritra sampannatA kI camaka se camacamAtA huA / yaha Aga kA dariyA hai mAnava sevA kI gaharAiyoM meM utaranA, nae mAnavIya mUlyoM kI sthApanA karanA, sAdhanA kI utkRSTa zreNiyoM meM se sone kI taraha damakate hue nikalanA aura usa samaya meM hI nahIM, bhAvI pIr3hiyoM ke lie bhI loka-kalyANa kA mArga prazasta krnaa| jaba yaha Aga kA dariyA sAhasa ke sAtha pAra kara liyA jAtA hai to prApta hotI hai vaha divya jJAna kI kuMjI, jo prakaTa karatI hai bhautika, Adhibhautika evaM AdhyAtmika rahasyoM kI parata-dara-parata / isa rahasyodghATana se hI prasArita hotA hai jJAna, vijJAna, dharma evaM darzana kA Aloka / yaha Aloka sabhI dRSTiyoM se saMsAra - patha ko Alokita karatA rahatA hai / unnati kI isa pRSThabhUmi meM yaha satya sadaiva smaraNIya rahe ki vyaktigata, sAmAjika, rASTrIya evaM mAnavIya caritra ko samunnata banAne para hI aise rahasyodghATana ke camatkAra saMbhava hote haiN| ye camatkAra yugoM-yugoM taka saMsAra sAgara meM jyortistaMbhoM ke rUpa meM vidyamAna rahate haiN|

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rahasyoM, saMbhAvanAoM tathA pratyakSa upalabdhiyoM se bharA hai yaha saMsAra! (lokopakAra kA yahI kAraNa hai ki) dhIra, vIra, gaMbhIra puruSa apane caritra bala, apane zaurya tathA apanI sAdhanA-zodha zakti ko viziSTa banAte hue isa rahasyapUrNa saMsAra kI chipI huI yA ajJAta paratoM ko svayaM jAnate rahe haiM, sabako samajhAte rahe haiM aura unake mAdhyama se saMsAra ko jIvana vikAsa ke nae mArga sujhAte rahe haiN| sAmarthyavAna puruSa aisA kaThina kArya pratyeka yuga meM sampanna karate rahe haiM, Aja bhI kara rahe haiM aura bhaviSya meM bhI karate rheNge| ye dIpastaMbha hI to sAmAnya jIvana ke tAraNahAra hote haiM, nAyaka aura Adarza hote haiN| Aga se tapa kara sonA zuddha hI nahIM hotA balki tapate raha kara vaha kundana bana jAtA hai| saMsAra ke rahasyoM ko bhedane kI jijJAsA kA romAMca : eka nanhA zizu mA~ kI kokha se bAhara AtA hai aura pahalI bAra apane samakSa prastuta saMsAra ke dRzyoM ko dekhane lagatA hai to usakI AMkheM Azcarya se visphArita ho jAtI haiM aura bAra-bAra cAroM ora ghUmatI rahatI haiN| una AMkhoM meM eka sandeza hotA hai rahasya bhedane kA, yAnI ki jo aba taka (garbhAvasthA taka) usake lie anajAnA thA, rahasya thA, vaha khula rahA hai-usakI dRzyAvaliyA~ sAmane A rahI haiN| vaha zizu unheM dekhatA hai eka jijJAsA ke sAtha ki vaha unheM jAne aura usa sAre vAtAvaraNa ko samajhe jo aba taka usake lie rahasya banA huA thaa| jyoM-jyoM vaha bar3A hotA jAtA hai, nae-nae rahasyoM kI vaha kalpanA karane lagatA hai, unheM jAnane aura jAnate rahane kI jijJAsA pAlatA hai, apanI usa jijJAsA ke bala para vaha adhika se adhika jAnatA rahatA hai| jAnane aura adhikatama jAnane kI bhUkha aisI hI hotI hai tathA yahI bhUkha use jIvana bhara nae-nae rahasyoM ko bhedane kI zakti detI hai| rahasya bhedana kA yaha romAMca atIva AkarSaka hI nahIM hotA, parama zaktidAyaka bhI hotA hai| yaha romAMca paidA karatI hai jijJAsA, to jAnanA jarurI hai ki kyA aura kaisI hotI yaha jijJAsA? jijJAsA arthAt nayA jAnane kI icchaa| jisa stara para jo kucha jAnA jA rahA hai, usase adhika aura nayA jAnA jA rahA hai, usase adhika aura nayA jAnA jAe-yaha cetanAzIla prANI kA lakSaNa hai| yaha jijJAsA jitanI prabala hotI hai, utanI hI vaha kaThina se kaThina rahasyoM kA bhedana karane meM bhI samartha banatI hai| jijJAsA kA eka hI pratiphala hotA hai-anajAne ko jAnanA, rahasya ko bhednaa| rahasya bhedana kA pratiphala hotA hai nae jJAna kA udghATana evaM jJAna kA vistAra / nayA jJAna naI upalabdhiyoM ke dvAra kholatA hai| phira ina upalabdhiyoM kA prayoga yadi sarvajanahitAya, sarvajanasukhAya hotA hai to vaha rahasyodghATaka puruSa mAnavatA kA mitra aura guru bana jAtA hai| usakA vaha vistRta jJAna hI darzana kI dizA meM pravRtta hotA hai| jAnane kA nAma jJAna hai to dekhane kA nAma darzana / darzana meM jJAna kI spaSTatA pratyAzita hotI hai| yaha darzana hI sAdhaka ko satya-darzana kI ora le jAtA hai| yadi jijJAsA samudra kI sataha hai to darzana hai samudra kA nicalA tala aura jijJAsA evaM darzana ke bIca meM hotA hai jJAna kA athAha jl| yahI rahasyoM kI tripuTI hai| isI jala meM DubakiyA~ lagAte rahane kA prayojana mAnA jAnA cAhiye, isa mAnava jIvana kA ki pratyakSa upalabdhiyoM ke motI cuna-cuna kara bAhara saMsAra meM lAe jA sakeM aura sAmAnya jana ko usa utthAna prakriyA se paricita banAyA jA ske|

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sucaritram yaha prakriyA samajhA detI hai ki saMsAra hI vaha mahAn karmasthala hai, jahA~ apanI sAdhanA yA zodha kA zaurya dikhAne ke bAda hI una karmavIroM kI pahacAna banatI hai| saMsAra kA yaha karmasthala romAMcakArI hai to utthAnakArI bhI ki isI bhUmi para hI to mahAnatA kA aMkuraNa hotA hai| ata: mAnava jIvana kA yaha bhI prayojana honA cAhiye ki yaha karmasthala sabhI prakAra se yogya bane aura mahAnatA ke aMkura ko pallavita evaM puSpita banAne meM pUrNa sahAyaka ho (caritra kI utkRSTatA ubhArane se sambaddha evaM usakI sArthakatA ko samRddha banAne se prtibddh)| tabhI saMsAra ke rahasya bhedana kA romAMca itanA AlhAdakArI pratIta hotA hai ki apane sAmane viziSTa janoM ke pUrvAnubhavoM kA ambAra rahane para bhI pratyeka vyakti sAre anubhava svayaM apane Apa lenA cAhatA hai| zizukAla se lekara Age taka svastha rIti se yaha romAMca banA rahatA hai| saca to yaha hai ki yahI romAMca apane pUre jIvana meM use nae rahasya bhedana ke liye prerita karatA rahatA hai, phalasvarupa naI upalabdhiyA~ bhI sAmane AtI rahatI haiN| ye naI upalabdhiyA~ jitane adhika parimANa meM sarvajanahitakArI hotI hai, usI parimANa meM ve lokapriya bhI banatI haiN| yahI lokapriyatA jijJAsu evaM rahasya bhedaka puruSa ko bhI mahAnatA se alaMkRta karatI hai| mahAnatA kA mArga saMsAra ke prAMgaNa se hI nikalatA hai| ubharatI huI caritrazIlatA ke samakSa cunautiyA~ hI cUnautiyA~: yahA~ denA hai to pAnA hai-parantu denA pahale aura pAne kI AkAMkSA nahIM rakhanA hI zreSTha saphalatA dilAtA hai| jo apanA jIvana detA hai, vahI upalabdhiyA~ pAtA hai, kintu sarAhanA vaha pAtA hai jo una durlabha upalabdhiyoM ko bhI saMsAra ko luTA detA hai| isa prakAra vaha saMsAra ko pragati-patha hI nahIM darzAtA, apitu usa patha para calane tathA calate rahane kI adbhuta saMkalpa-zakti bhI bharatA hai| aisA samarpaNa aura tyAga vahI vyakti kara sakatA hai, jo caritrazIla banatA hai| caritrazIla ke mana meM hI aisA sAmarthya jAgRta hotA hai ki vaha apane jIvana ko parahitAya yAnI saMsAra ke kalyANa ke lie utsarga kara de| yahI kAraNa hai ki ubharatI huI caritrazIlatA ke samakSa cunautiyA~ hI cunautiyA~ AtI haiM, jinakA saphalatApUrvaka sAmanA karake hI vaise vyaktitva kI lokapriya chavi banatI hai| jo caritrazIla vyakti eka bAra loka kalyANa ke mArga para agrasara ho jAtA hai vaha phira pIche mur3a kara nahIM dekhatA / vaha dekhatA hai to sirpha sAmane kI canautiyA~ kaisI hai aura vaha una para vijaya kaise pA sakatA hai? vaha himmata ke sAtha cunautiyoM se bhir3atA hai, Age bar3hatA hai aura kabhI giratA bhI hai to dugune utsAha se vApisa uThatA hai tathA aMtataH unheM pachAr3a kara rahasyoM kI paratoM ko cIra DAlatA hai| ubharatI huI caritrazIlatA prAraMbhika viphalatA se kabhI nirAza nahIM hotI, apitu sampUrNa parAkrama se sArI bAdhAoM ko dUra karake cunautiyoM ko lalakAratI hI nahIM, unheM hamezA ke liye parAsta kara detI hai| vastu sthiti (satya) to yaha hai ki Aja taka pratyeka kSetra meM jitanI bhI pratyakSa upalabdhiyA~ prApta huI haiM, unakI prApti kA zreya kevala caritrazIlatA ko hI denA hogaa| Age bhI sarvatra caritrazIlatA hI zreyakArI banI rhegii| eka caritrazIla vyakti hI viveka yukta banakara jijJAsu hotA hai aura sAhasa ke sAtha sAdhanA va zodha kI rAha calakara upalabdhiyoM ko prApta karatA hai evaM tyAgabhAva se saMsAra ko

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rahasyoM, saMbhAvanAoM tathA pratyakSa upalabdhiyoM se bharA hai yaha saMsAra! samarpita kara detA hai| caritrazIlatA kI yahI sthAI prakRti hotI hai| rahasya, jijJAsA evaM sAdhanA ke sAhasika caraNa : eka sAmAnya vyakti apanI dravyendriyoM (bAhirindriyoM) se saMsAra ke sthUla padArthoM ko dekhatAbhAlatA hai aura adhyayana, cintana va manana ke AdhAra para unake svarUpaM kI gaharAiyoM meM utaratA hai, taba usake hRdaya meM eka prakAra kI parakha-buddhi jAgRta hotI hai-parIkSA buddhi paidA hotI hai| jo use rahasyoM kI kalpanA karAtI hai aura usakI jijJAsA ko bhI prabala banAtI hai| socie ki rahasya kyA hai? use hI to rahasya kaheMge, jo aba taka jAnA-dekhA nahIM gayA hai, na hI usake svarUpa kI koI spaSTa dhAraNA banI hai| adhikAMza meM vaha kalpanA aura anumAna hI hotA hai| aise rahasya ko jAnane kI svAbhAvika icchA kA nAma hI jijJAsA hai| eka dRSTAnta se ise samajheM... Apako koI vyakti apane bahuta bar3e makAna kI cAbiyA~ sauMpatA hai yaha bhalAvaNa dekara ki Apa usa makAna ke amuka kamare ko kataI na kholeN| cAbiyA~ sauMpa kara vaha paradeza calA jAtA hai| Apake mana meM taba kyA AtA hai? Apake lie vaha kamarA eka rahasya ho gyaa| usameM kyA hai yA kyA nahIMisakI Apa sirpha kalpanA hI kara sakate haiM athavA bAhara ke kinhI lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para koI anumAna-isase adhika kucha nhiiN| taba ApakI jijJAsA-tIvra icchA yaha jAnane kI hotI hai ki Akhira usa kamare kA rahasya kyA hai? usI kamare ko kholanA caaheNge| abhiprAya yaha ki rahasya ko bhedane kI manuSya ke mana meM prabala jijJAsA jAga jAtI hai| phira vaha apane ko roka nahIM pAtA aura adhikatama sAhasa juTA kara rahasya-bhedana ke kaThina kArya meM pravRtta ho jAtA hai| ___ yaha to eka sAmAnya manodazA hai| kintu caritra bala ke dhanI puruSa ke sAmane jaba apAra sAgara laharA rahA ho, taba vaha socatA hai ki isakI athAha jala rAzi meM kyA hogA, anaMta AkAza kI ora nihAratA hai to socatA hai ki jJAta yA dRSTa brahmAMDa ke Age bhI na jAne isakA kitanA vistAra hogA? uttuMga parvata zikharoM para dRSTi DAlatA hai to socatA hai ki inake usa pAra kyA-kyA nidhiyA~ hogI? ina saba se bar3ha kara aura Upara uTha kara jaba vaha apane hI antaHkaraNa kI gaharAiyoM meM kho jAtA hai, taba jJAna-vijJAna kA aisA anUThA prakAza vahA~ jagamagA jAtA hai ki vaha saba kucha jJeya ko jAna jAtA hai| kyA hogA-yaha vicAra jaba taka rahatA hai, vaha rahasya rahatA hai aura usako saMbhAvanA mAna kara jAnane kI jijJAsA rahatI hai, kintu Atma-sAdhanA aura satya zodha kA sampUrNa jJAna kara lene ke bAda vaha sarvajJa ho jAtA hai-saba jAna jAtA hai| yahI jIvana kA carama lakSya mAnA gayA hai| isI kA abhyAsa rahasya bhedana kI prakriyA se hotA rahatA hai| jijJAsA jAgatI hai, saMbhAvanA dikhAI detI hai, sAhasa uchAleM mAratA hai, sAdhanA gahana banatI hai, zodha satya kI ora bar3hatI hai, tabhI rahasya biMda jAtA hai-anajAne jJAna ko AtmasAt kara liyA jAtA hai| isI rIti se jaba AtmA sampUrNa jJAna se Alokita ho uThatI hai, tabhI usakI sarvajJatA abhivyakta ho jAtI hai| rahasya, jijJAsA, saMbhAvanA ke sAhasika caraNa jaba sAdhanA/zodha ke patha para tejI se Age bar3hate haiM taba jJAna-vijJAna kI pratyakSa upalabdhi ke AtmasAt ho jAne meM koI bhI zakti bAdhaka nahIM bana

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sucaritram sakatI hai| sUkSma saMsAra kI bhAvagahanatA meM jaba koI unnata caritra praveza karatA hai to vaha jJAna, vijJAna, dharma, darzana kI aisI saMjIvaniyA~ khoja kara le AtA hai jo cirakAla taka mAnavatA kI caraNa banI rahatI hai| rahasyodghATana hetu prayAsa, dRr3hatA evaM icchA-zakti kA manovijJAna : __saMsAra ke kisI bhI kalpanA, anumAna yA dhAraNAgata rahasya ke udghATana hetu koI bhI caritra saMpanna vyakti prayAsa prAraMbha karatA hai to usa samaya usake manovaijJAnika gatikrama ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki usakI saphalatA ke pramukha tattva kyA ho sakate haiM? sAmAnya rUpa se ye tattva hote haiM1. uddezya kI prabhAvikatA, 2. Avazyaka UrjA kI pUrti, 3. mArga meM Ane vAlI bAdhAoM kA anumAna evaM 4. lakSya kI nikaTatA ke anusAra saphalatA kI sNbhaavnaa| prayAsa ke pariNAmoM ke pariprekSya meM kamajorI kI zaMkA hone lage taba dRr3hatA kA bhAva utpanna hotA hai jo Ane vAlI bAdhAoM kA majabUtI se mukAbalA karatA hai| prayAsarata vyakti kA yaha svAbhAvika manovijJAna hotA hai| manovijJAnavettAoM dvArA kaI vyaktiyoM para kie gae prayogoM ke AdhAra para yaha siddha huA hai ki jisa vyakti ke kArya meM bAdhAe~ adhika AtI hai, adhikAMzataH usakA utsAha dugunA bar3hatA hai tathA vaha avasara ko anukUla banAkara saphalatA prApta karake hI dama letA hai| isa prakriyA meM icchA zakti (vila paoNvara) kA bar3A sambala rahatA hai| uddezya ke nirdhAraNa, dRr3hIkaraNa evaM saMgharSa kI manodazA meM icchA zakti kI prabalatA kisI bhI sImA taka bar3ha sakatI hai aura saphalatA prApta kara sakatI hai| icchA zakti kI prabalatA ke kAraNa apanI kArya paddhati para Atma-niyaMtraNa utpanna ho jAtA hai, taba vaha niyaMtraNa icchA zakti ko kAryakSama banA detA hai| Atma-niyaMtraNa ke kAraNa kaI upayogI sujhAva svataH hI mana kI gaharAI meM jAga jAte haiN| uddezya prApti ke liye icchA zakti ke sAtha saMgharSa kI avasthA meM nyUnatama prayAsa se adhikatama saMtoSa prApta karane kA saMsthAna (Argenijma) pratyeka mAnava mana meM kAryarata rahatA hai, yaha manovijJAna kA sAmAnya niyama hai| prayAsa ke liye dRr3hatA kI pRSThabhUmi meM jo bhAva preraka banate haiM, unameM prazaMsA kI cAha athavA dUsaroM kI AlocanA se bacAva kI vRtti bhI kAma karatI hai, kintu sarvatra yaha vRtti jarUrI nhiiN| caritra kI niSThA se bharapUra Atma-niyaMtraNa kI avasthA meM bhItara se uThane vAlI AvAja kA anusaraNa karanA jaise usa vyakti ke lie anivArya-sA ho jAtA hai aura vaha apane prayAsa kA sudRr3hIkaraNa kara letA hai| (priMsipala oNpha moTIviyezaMsa-janarala sAikolojI! dvArA-pro. je. pI. guilphordd)| isa manovaijJAnika prakriyA se yaha tathya ubhara kara sAmane AtA hai ki Atma-zakti evaM AtmaniyaMtraNa kI avasthA meM AtmA ke bhItara se uThane vAlI AvAja kisI bhI zreSTha uddezya kI pUrti meM sArA sAhasa aura sAmarthya niyojita karake vyakti ko saMgharSazIla banA detI hai jo anya dazAoM meM muzkila se hI saMbhava hotA hai| yoM caritraniSThA kI zakti manovijJAna se bhI pramANita hotI hai|

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rahasyoM, saMbhAvanAoM tathA pratyakSa upalabdhiyoM se bharA hai yaha saMsAra! caritra saMpannatA ke tIna caraNa mApa sakate haiM pUre saMsAra ko : saMsAra ke aneka rahasyoM kA jo Aja taka udghATana hotA rahA hai aura unake svarUpa meM tathA saMsAravAsiyoM ke jJAna meM jo praur3hatA AtI rahI hai vaha caritra sampanna vyaktiyoM ke tIna caraNoM ke bala para hI to| ve tIna caraNa haiM-1. rahasya kI kalpanA, 2. jijJAsA kI jAgRti evaM 3. sAhasika sAdhanA yA shodh| ina tIna caraNoM ko gotAkhorI kA nAma bhI de sakate haiM ki gotAkhora jitanA kuzala hogA, vaha anajAna bahumUlya motiyoM ko utanI hI adhika saMkhyA meM prApta kara skegaa| tIna caraNoM kI ukti to mazahUra hai| vaidika mAnyatA ke anusAra bali rAjA kI bAdhA ko pAra karake vAmana avatAra ne jisa prakAra tIna pagoM meM pUrI dharatI mApa lI aura rAjA ke ahaMkAra ko kucala diyA, usI prakAra eka caritra sampanna puruSa apane ina tIna pagoM se pUre saMsAra ko mApa kara lokakalyANa ko ujAgara kara sakatA hai| Atma-kalyANa kara sakatA hai| Apake diloM meM bhI halacala macatI hogI ki apane-apane jIvana ko bhI sArthaka banA kara kucha aisI pahacAna dI jAe jisase svayaM ko bhI pUrNa Atma-tuSTi mile aura isa saMsAra ko bhI naI uplbdhi| yahI bhAva pravaNatA kA takAjA hai| pahalI bAta to yaha ki eka yuvA hRdaya meM mahattvAkAMkSA bane aura usakI pUrti meM sAhasa jAge, taba icchA zakti kA nirmANa hogA aura apane uddezya kI prApti ke liye na sirpha prayAsa ke paga uTheMge, balki eka saMgharSa kI halacala bhI zuru hogii| yahI halacala use saphalatA ke dvAra taka pahu~cA kara use naI chavi pradAna karatI hai| yaha chavi hI saMsAra ko prabhAvita karatI hai tathA saMsAra usa chavi kA anusaraNa karane ko saphalatApUrvaka prerita ho jAtA hai| parantu pahale isa saMsAra ko to samajhie ki vaha hai kyA aura kaisA hai? : vartamAna saMsAra ke nakze ke sAmane agara eka AdamI ko khar3A kiyA to vaha use kisa najarie se dekha pAegA athavA vaha apane saMsAra kA kyA vivaraNa degA-ise samajhane se philahAla caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ke kSetra kA nirdhAraNa karane meM savidhA rhegii| to bAta hai sAmAnya jana kI dhAraNA kI ki yaha saMsAra kyA hai aura kaisA hai? sthUla rUpa se eka sAmAnya jana kA yahI uttara ho sakatA hai ki yaha saMsAra hamArA, sabakA-sArI manuSya jAti kA, pazupakSiyoM kA, jIva-jantuoM kA, vividha padArthoM kA, aNu-paramANu kA yAnI sabakA ghara hI to hai| - kintu, yaha ghara itanA bar3A hai ki hara koI isa ghara ke hara kisI hisse ko pUrI taraha nahIM jAnatA-sabakA saba jagaha paha~ca pAnA to bahata dara kI bAta hai| isameM rahane vAle saba bhI anya sabako nahIM jAnate haiM yA kama aMzoM meM hI jAnate haiN| aisI jAnakArI anya choTe prANiyoM kI bAta nahIM, svayaM sarvAdhika buddhizAlI evaM unnata jIvana jIne vAle manuSya kI hI bAta hai| asala meM jo vyakti jahA~ janmA hai tathA jahA~-jahA~ anyAnya kAraNoM se usakA AvAgamana, samparka yA saMbaMdha banatA hai, mukhyataH utanA hI usakA apanA saMsAra hotA hai| vyaktigata dRSTi se aise bhU-bhAga ko 'jAnA aura dekhA huA' yAnI jJAta evaM dRSTa saMsAra kahA jA sakatA hai| usa vyakti kA vahI pratyakSa

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sucaritram saMsAra hogA, jisake sAtha usakA vyAvahArika lagAva hai| pratyeka vyakti ke lie isa jJAta evaM dRSTa saMsAra ke zeSa bhU-bhAga ko 'jAnA para anadekhA' yAnI jJAta kintu adRSTa yA parokSa saMsAra kahA jA sakatA hai| usake sAtha usakA mAtra bhAvanAtmaka saMbaMdha hI banAyA jA sakatA hai| ___ isake bAda usa saMsAra kA krama liyA jA sakatA hai jo aba taka vartamAna paristhitiyoM meM sambaddha zodhoM ke uparAnta bhI ajJAta bhU-bhAga hai| isI meM se pRthvI graha ke sivAya vaijJAnika anusaMdhAnoM ke phalasvarUpa jJAta hote jAne vAle candra, maMgala, zukra Adi grahoM vAle saMsAra ke bhAga ko alaga se samajhA jA sakatA hai| yaha bhAga sAmAnya jana ke lie sirpha kautUhala kA viSaya hotA hai, jo usake vizvAsa ke dAyare meM nahIM aataa| zAstrIya vivaraNoM ke anusAra saMsAra ke bhUgola ke saMbaMdha meM alaga-alaga dhArmika mAnyatAeM haiM aura varNana bhI alaga-alaga haiN| inameM devaloka, naraka, svarga, vaikuMTha, siddhasthAna, brahmaloka, gau loka, Adi vividha nAmoM ke kaI sthala yA AvAsa haiN| kintu, yahAM eka prazna sAmane AtA hai ki kyA saMsAra mAtra bhUgola hai? yaha mApa yA kSetraphala vAlI bAta to ThIka hai, lekina kyA yaha bhUgola bhI sthira hai yA parivartanazIla? kyA saMsAra itihAsa nahIM hai? isa tathya ko kaise nakArA jA sakatA hai ki Aja hamAre pAsa saMcita aura upalabdha sUtra, zAstra, sAhitya, saMskRti, sabhyatA Adi kI nidhiyA~ itihAsa-janya hI to hai| phira saMsAra ko bhAvaloka hI kyoM na mAneM, jahA~ sArI racanAoM kA AdhAra bhAvanAe~ haiN| bhAvanA mana se sphUrta hotI hai aura mana hai isIlie manuSya hai| saMsAra ke mUla ko pramukha rUpa se manuSya ke sAtha jor3a kara hI bhalI prakAra jAnA va mAnA jA sakatA hai| adhikAMza dharma-sampradAya isa saMsAra ko burA batAte hue manuSya ko use chor3ane kI salAha dete haiM-isameM saMsAra va manuSya kA jur3Ava hI mukhya hai| jur3Ava nahIM ho to alagAva kI bAta kA matalaba hI kyA? manuSya ke saMdarbha meM hI saMsAra ke guNa-doSoM kA vivecana hotA hai, ataH saMsAra ko chor3ane kA artha yaha lagAyA jAnA cAhiye ki yahA~ jo vividha prakAra kI vikRtiyA~ phailI huI rahatI hai, unakA tyAga kiyA jaae| mUlataH ye vikRtiyA~ bhAvoM se hI saMbaMdhita hotI hai, kyoMki bhAva hI bAhara vacana aura AcaraNa ke rUpa meM pratyakSataH prakaTa hote haiN| inhIM ke prayAsa se saMsAra kA samuccaya rUpa se tathA saMbaMdhita bhU-bhAga yA kSetra kA vahA~ kI paristhitiyoM ke anurUpa vAtAvaraNa banatA hai| ___ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke darzana meM isa kI sUkSma carcA milatI hai| rAga evaM dveSa ke bhAvoM ko saMsAra kA bIja kahA gayA hai, kAraNa mUla meM ye donoM bhAva hI vividha vikRtiyoM ko janma dekara saMsAra meM viSamatAeM utpanna karate haiN| ina viSamatAoM ke kartA evaM vAhaka manuSya Adi jIva hote haiN| ajJAnI jana rAga, dveSa kA Azraya lekara bahuta kukarma-pApa karate haiM (rAga dosAssiyA bAlA, pAvaM kuvvaMti te bahuM-sUtra kRtAMga, 1-8-8) / yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki rAga, dveSa pUrvaka kiyA jAne vAlA niSiddha AcaraNa apane svarUpa kI dRSTi se darpikA hai to rAga, dveSa rahita (apavAda ko chor3akara) hone vAle

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rahasyoM, saMbhAvanAoM tathA pratyakSa upalabdhiyoM se bharA hai yaha saMsAra ! AcaraNa kA svarUpa kalpikA mAnA gayA hai| kalpikA se saMyama kI ArAdhanA hotI hai to darpikA se saMyama kI virAdhanA (rAgadosANugayA tu dappiyA tu tadabhAvA / ArAhaNA u kappe, virAhaNA hoti dappeNaM- zrI abhidhAna rAjendra koSa, 6-420) rAga evaM dveSa ko hI ajJAna kA kAraNa mAnate hue jJAnavAn manuSya ko rAga, dveSa rahita hokara karma karane kI preraNA dI jAtI hai, yaha batAte ki rAga, hue dveSa ke AdhAra para hI ajJAnI tathA jJAnavAn puruSa ke lakSaNoM meM spaSTataH bheda kiyA jA sakatA hai| (saktAH karmaNya - vidvAMso yathA kurvanti bhArata / kuryAdvidvAMstathA-saktAzrekIrSurlokasaMgraham / - gItA, 3-25 ) / kyA saMsAra aura sAMsArikatA meM bheda karanA jarUrI nahIM ? : samajhane kI bAta yaha hai ki rAga aura dveSa sAMsArikatA ke bIja haiM aura sAMsArikatA kA artha haisaMsAra meM ajJAnI manuSyoM dvArA phailAI jAne vAlI vikRtiyoM ko vikRtiyA~ na mAnanA tathA unameM rame rahanA / jo vikRtiyoM ko samajhanA yA chor3anA nahIM cAhatA, vaha sAMsArikatA meM lipta hai - isameM koI sandeha nahIM kintu manuSyoM kA eka jAgRta varga aisA bhI dekhA jAtA hai jo na sirpha vikRtiyoM ko vikRtiyA~ mAnatA hai, balki svayaM una vikRtiyoM ko tyAgane kI sAdhanA karatA hai tathA pUre saMsAra ko unheM tyAgane kI preraNA bhI detA hai| aise hI varga meM se jJAnI aura vijJAnI, buddha aura prabuddha tathA vIra aura dhIra puruSa ubharate haiM jo apane jIvana kA uccatama vikAsa sAdha kara samagra mAnava jAti ke lie anukaraNIya Adarza ke pratIka bana jAte haiN| yaha viziSTa varga bhI isI saMsAra meM janma letA, bar3A hotA aura karma karake Adarza banatA hai| yaha varga koI nizcita varga nahIM hotA, balki jo dveSa ko chor3ate haiM, rAga ke sthAna para virAga ko apanAte haiM, ve hI vikRtiyoM ko miTAne va ghaTAne kA Andolana calAte hue loka-kalyANa ke mahad kArya meM pravRtta hote haiN| ve yaha mAnate haiM ki vikRtiyoM se virata hokara saMsAra ke zuddhikaraNa meM jitane adhika viziSTa jana pravRtta hoMge isa saMsAra ke sudharane kI AzA kI jA sakatI hai| Akhira AdimakAla se isI saMsAra ne upayogI rahasyoM ke udghATana, jJAna-vijJAna ke vistAra, saMskRti evaM sabhyatA ke vikAsa evaM vibhinna kSetroM meM unnati ke kadama bhI to bar3hAe hI haiN| vikRtiyoM ko dUra karane ke asarakAraka upAyoM se azuddha vAtAvaraNa ko adhikatama rUpa se zuddha banAne ke prayAsa nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM hI sahI saphala to hote hI haiM / Azaya yaha ki yaha saMsAra burA nahIM hai, sAMsArikatA burI hai| yaha bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai ki rAga, dveSamaya sAMsArikatA pUre taura para kabhI bhI nahIM miTAI jA sakegI, kintu Aja vAtAvaraNa azuddhatA tathA zuddhatA kA jo anupAta hai, use to zuddhatA kI dizA meM Thosa prayAsoM ke mAdhyama se bar3hAyA hI jA sakatA hai| sAMsArika vAtAvaraNa kA zuddhikaraNa hI caritra nirmANa kA mukhya uddezya mAnA jAnA cAhiye / caritra nirmANa kI dizA hI eka mAtra dizA hai, jisameM agrasara hokara saMsAra ke vAtAvaraNa ko adhikAdhika mAnavIya sadguNoM se paripUrita banAyA jA sakatA hai, tAki saMsArI janoM kA jIvana adhika sukhamaya evaM vikAsamaya bana ske| sAdhaka kA saMsAra tyAganA jo kahA jAtA hai, vaha vAstava meM sAMsArikatA ko 11

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sucaritram tyAganA hai, balki use bhI tyAgane kI sAdhanA kahA jAnA caahiye| vAstava meM vaha sAdhaka saMsAra ko nahIM tyAgatA, apitu saMsAra ke sudhAra kA upakrama lekara hI apanI sAdhanA kA zrIgaNeza karatA hai aura use paripakva banAtA hai| vaha saMkucita kSetra se haTakara vizAla kSetra ko thAmatA hai, tAki apanI kSamatAoM kA samucita vikAsa karate hue vaha sva-para kalyANa ko tvarita gati se sampanna kara ske| varNamAlA 'a' se zuru hotI hai aura apanI yAtrA 'jJa' para samApta karatI hai, usI prakAra isa saMsAra meM pratyeka vivekavAna manuSya hI nahIM, anya vikasita prANI bhI sAdhanA kA 'a' jarUra sAdhane kI koziza karate haiN| kauna 'a' se zuru hokara kisa varNa taka yA 'jJa' taka pahu~ca pAtA hai-yaha kSamatA vikAsa kA prazna hai| yaha kSamatA vikAsa bhI kevala prayatnarata usa prANI yA manuSya kA hI dAyitva nahIM hai, balki pUre saMsAra tathA sambaddha samAja kA bhI dAyitva hai ki kSamatA vikAsa ke liye upayukta vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa kiyA jaae| jaba vyaktigata evaM sAmAjika zaktiyA~ paraspara jur3a kara, tAlamela biThA kara vikAsa kI Dagara para calatI haiM to koI sandeha nahIM ki saMsAra ke vartamAna vikRta svarUpa ko sudhAra kara use sAmAnya rUpa se vikAsazIla kSetra banAyA jA sakatA hai| saMsAra arthAt manuSya loka nahIM, kyoMki saMsAra meM to cAroM gati ke jIva haiM? isa mAnyatA meM koI vivAda nahIM hai ki yaha manuSya loka aura yaha mAnava jIvana hI aisA sthAna aura avasara hai, jahA~ se uccatama unnati kI sAdhanA sampanna kI jA sakatI hai| yaha saMsAra hI vAstavika karmabhUmi hai| ataH anyAnya vivAdoM se pare haTa kara ina praznoM para Aja ke najariye se soca-vicAra kiyA jAnA cAhiye ki isa jJAta saMsAra kA saMsaraNa athavA prakRti kA cakra kaisA hai, vibhinna bhU-khaNDoM meM mAnavIya vAtAvaraNa kA rUpa-svarUpa kyA hai, isameM zreSThatA kitanI hai tathA parivartana kI rUparekhA kaisI banAI jAnI cAhiye, vyakti aura samAja ke bIca kaisA tAlamela hai aura use vikAsa paraka kaise banAyA jA sakatA hai, samAja kI varIyatA kaise sthApita kI jAya tathA kaise sabhyatA kA mApadaMDa sudhArA jAya, saMskRti ko vikAramukta banAkara kisa rIti se use saMsAra ke liye hitAvaha banAI jAya, paramparAoM ko saMkucita dAyaroM meM se nikAla kara unheM vyApaka svarUpa kaise pradAna kiyA jAya aura kaise manuSyatA ko vibhAjita karane vAlI bhAMti-bhAMti kI dIvAroM ko DhahAkara udAra saMbaMdhoM ko panapAyA jaay| yaha bhI vicAra kiyA jAnA cAhiye ki manuSya isa saMsAra se kyA letA hai aura saMsAra usase kyA mAMgatA hai athavA use isa saMsAra ko kyA denA cAhiye? saMsAra ke manuSya para kauna-kauna se RNa haiM aura isa RNa-mocana ke kyA-kyA upAya ho sakate haiM? aise hI kaI prazna ho sakate haiM, jinake sundara samAdhAna para vyakti-hita aura vizva-hita kA sAmaMjasya sadha sakatA hai| ina praznoM kA samAdhAna sarala nahIM hai| vartamAna paristhitiyoM meM krAntikArI parivartana lAe binA nyAya kI sthApanA nahIM ho sakatI aura nyAya ke binA sampUrNa samAja meM samatA kA sUtrapAta saMbhava nhiiN| isa kaThina dAyitva kA nirvAha yuvA varga hI apane kaMdhoM para le sakatA hai, jo caritra nirmANa ke kSetra meM 12

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rahasyoM, saMbhAvanAoM tathA pratyakSa upalabdhiyoM se bharA hai yaha saMsAra! Age bar3ha kara apane Apako caritraniSTha banAegA tathA apane Adarza ko sAmane rakhakara sAre samAja ko caritra nirmANa kI dizA meM Age bar3hane kI preraNA degaa| vyakti kA caritra unnata hotA hai tabhI samAja meM naitikatA evaM vaicArikatA kA prasAra hotA hai aura yaha bhAvanAmaya sAmaMjasya hI vyakti evaM samAja donoM ke udbhava kA kAragara kAraNa banatA hai| saMsAra kI AdhAra bhUmi jitanI samatala, jitanI svaccha evaM urvara banegI, utanI hI vyakti kI uccatama unnati sAdhane kI preraNA bhI prabala svarUpa dhAraNa kara skegii| yaha saMsAra caritrazIla puruSoM ko lalakAratA rahA hai, Aja bhI lalakAra rahA hai : -- saMsAra sadA gatizIla to rahatA hI hai-dizA cAhe utthAna kI ho yA patana kI, parantu isakI pragatizIlatA sadA hI caritrazIla puruSoM kI mukhApekSI rahI hai| pragati kA kAraka vahI bana sakatA hai jo apane sazakta hAthoM meM pragati kI Dora ko thAmakara sabako sAtha meM calA sakatA hai| yaha sAmarthya caritra-sampannatA se hI upajatA aura panapatA hai| yahI pRSThabhUmi hotI hai ki saMsAra ke anabhede rahasya caritraniSTha puruSoM ko lalakArate haiM ki ve Age bar3heM aura saMsAra meM utthAna ke nae dvAra kholeN| Aja bhI yaha lalakAra cAroM ora gUMja rahI hai| saMsAra ke rahasyoM kA bhedana tabhI saMbhava hotA hai, jaba svArtha se Upara uTha kara sva-para kalyANa kA hI bhAva ho tathA usase Age bar3hakara sva ko bhI visarjita kara dene kI umaMga ho aura jaba saMsAra kA hita hI sarvopari bana jaae| rahasyoM ke udghATana se pahale yA bAda meM jaba-jaba bhI sattA evaM sampatti ke svArthoM ne apanA dabAva banAyA hai, taba-taba sarvahita ke sthAna para tuccha svArtha hAvI hue haiM aura prApta upalabdhiyoM kA itanA durupayoga kiyA gayA hai ki ve saMsAra kI hitakArI banane ke sthAna para saMhAraka bana gii| aNuzakti kI upalabdhi kA udAharaNa hamAre sAmane hai aura yaha udAharaNa isa satya ko siddha karatA hai ki upalabdhiyoM kA sadupayoga caritrazIlatA ke abhAva meM surakSita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| sarvahita kI prabala bhAvanA hI rahasyodghATana ke bhaviSya ko nirbAdha banA sakatI hai| jaise sarpa ekAnta dRSTi se calatA hai, vaise hI ekAnta dRSTi se caritra dharma kA pAlana karanA atyanta kaThina hai (ahIvegaMta diTThie, caritte putta! duccare-uttarAdhyayana, 19/38), kintu aisI dRr3hatA hI to caritra dharma kI mukhya vizeSatA hotI hai| __saMsAra ke anabhede rahasyoM ko bhedane kI ora dhyAna bhI aise caritraniSTha puruSoM kA hI jAtA hai aura unhIM kI jijJAsA unheM jAna lene ko uddAma bana jAtI hai| sAhasa unakA sambala banatA hai aura ve sAdhanA yA zodha patha para nirdvanda rUpa se Age bar3ha jAte haiN| unakA yaha vRhada (mahat) kArya hI saMsAra ko naI-naI upalabdhiyoM ke upahAra bheMTa karatA hai ki una upalabdhiyoM ke AdhAra para pragati ke nayenaye AyAma prakaTa hoN| ___ Aja taka aise anajAne rahasyoM ko bhedate Ae haiM jJAnIjana, sAdhaka, dArzanika, RSi, muni Adi to dUsarI ora vaijJAnika, sAhityakAra , kavi, kalAkAra aadi| ina sabakI upalabdhiyoM ne saMsAra ko zreSTha se zreSThatara banAne kI hI preraNA dI hai| phira bhI vAMchita pragati nahIM sAdhI jA sakI athavA kinhIM 13

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sucaritram arthoM meM patana kI ora bhI lur3hakanA huA hai to isameM doSa aise caritraniSTha puruSoM kA nahIM, balki una caritrahIna manuSyoM kA hai, jinhoMne una sArvajanika upalabdhiyoM kA durupayoga apane sattA evaM sampatti ke svArthoM ko pUrA karane ke lie kiyaa| dUsare zabdoM meM yaha kaheM ki manuSya kI duSpravRttiyA~ hI isa durupayoga ke lie jimmedAra rahI haiN| ___ aba jaba caritra nirmANa ke lie prayAsa prArambha kie jAveM to ina sAre anubhavoM ko sAmane rakhanA hogA aura saMsAra kI naitikatA kA itanA nyUnatama stara to banAnA hI hogA ki mAnavahitakArI upalabdhiyoM kA duSprayoga kataI na ho ske| isa prakAra kI duSTa vRttiyoM evaM pravRttiyoM ko ghaTAne tathA miTAne ke lie hI to caritra-nirmANa ke abhiyAna kI AvazyakatA hai| saccI upalabdhiyA~ ve hI haiM jo jJAna-vijJAna ke nae dvAra kholatI haiM : yaha sahI hai ki jijJAsA hI sAhasika banakara sAdhanA va zodha ke bala para durlabha rahasyoM kI paratoM ko cIratI hai aura upalabdhiyoM ke jagahitakArI mAdhyama prastuta karatI hai, kintu pratyeka jijJAsA sahI ho aura sahI sAhasa hI dikhAve-yaha jarUrI nhiiN| yaha bhI jarUrI nahIM ki sahI upalabdhiyA~ hI sAmane Ave aura tadanantara unakA sahI prayoga hI kiyA jaae| kisI bhI sAdhaka yA zodhaka ke manobhAva tathA saMskAra mahattvapUrNa hote haiN| yadi vaha bhItara se apane uddezya ke prati ImAnadAra nahIM huA yA ghAtaka uddezya ko chipAe rahA to vaha sahI sAdhana kA bhI durupayoga hI hogA-phira upalabdhi ke sahI prayoga kA to prazna hI nhiiN| choTI-sI takalI sUta kAtane kA sAdhana hotI hai jisase kAtane vAle ko rojI milatI hai yAnI ki yaha lAbhakArI sAdhana hotA hai| aba isa sahI sAdhana ko bhI koI duSTa vyakti sAmane vAle kI AMkha meM ghoMpa (ghuser3a) kara use aMdhA banA de to kyA takalI ko doSa diyA jA sakatA hai? doSa hotA hai manuSya kI prakRti aura pravRtti kaa| isa saMdarbha meM caritra-nirmANa kI mahattA AMkI jAnI caahiye| eka sajjana vyakti ghAtaka sAdhana kA bhI sadupayoga hI karatA hai| talavAra se vaha kisI ko mAratA nahIM, balki azaktoM kI rakSA hI karatA hai| vyApaka pariprekSya meM dekhA jAe to caritra nirmANa kA abhinna mahattva hai| caritra hai to kahIM kisI bhI sAdhana ke durupayoga tathA mAnavIya ahita kI AzaMkA nahIM aura caritra nahIM to takalI se bhI AMkheM hI phor3I jAtI hai| isase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki sRSTi burI nahIM, manuSya kI dRSTi hI burI hai jo caritra nirmANa ke abhAva meM saMsAra ko jyAdA se jyAdA burA banAtI hI jAtI hai| ata: caritranirmANa kI sabhI saMbhAvanAoM para Aja DaTa kara kAma karane kI jarUrata hai| cAritrika dRSTikoNa ke anusAra saccI upalabdhiyA~ ve hI mAnI jAegI jo sarvahita meM jJAnavijJAna ke nae dvAra kholatI hai aura isa saMsAra ko zreSThatara banAne kI kozizoM meM jur3atI hai| upalabdhi cAhe saiddhAntika, dArzanika yA vaicArika ho (yAnI ki AdhyAtmika athavA padArtha va vyavasthAgata aura vyAvahArika ho yAnI ki bhautika) sabakA uddezya saMsArahita hI honA cAhiye, jisameM pratyeka mAnava evaM prANI kA hita samAyA huA ho| ina upalabdhiyoM ke prabhAva se saMsAra ke vAtAvaraNa meM sarva surakSA evaM sarva sahayoga kA sadbhAva prasArita honA caahiye| 14

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rahasyoM, saMbhAvanAoM tathA pratyakSa upalabdhiyoM se bharA hai yaha jJAniyoM evaM dArzanikoM kI gUr3ha dRSTi ne dikhAI AdhyAtmika rAheM: saMsAra ke aneka dezoM meM RSi-muniyoM, jJAniyoM, sAdhakoM, santoM, dArzanikoM aura dharma pravartakoM ne apanI sAdhanA, dhyAna, tapa Adi kI zaktiyoM ke bala para naye dharma siddhAnta pravartita kiye, darzana kI aneka dhArAeM bahAI aura sAdhya ke naye AyAma upasthita kiye| isa mahad kArya meM bhArata nizcita rUpa se vizva guru rahA / yahA~ jisa prakAra kI AdhyAtmika rAheM banI, ve prakAza staMbha rUpa rahI jinake prakAza meM samasta saMsAra ne apane utthAna ke upAya khoje / manuSya kI AkAMkSA kevala jIne kI hI nahIM hotI, balki usakI mUla AkAMkSA gaurava ke sAtha jIne kI hotI hai aura yahI gaurava vaha apane vividha upakramoM se prApta karanA cAhatA hai| usakI sahI AkAMkSA na kevala dharma-darzana ke pratiphalana meM apitu zreSTha saMskRti evaM sabhyatA ke sRjana meM bhI abhivyakta hotI / isI mUla AkAMkSA ke nirvAha hetu hI zreSTha caritra para AdhArita paramparAoM kA DhAMcA racA jAtA hai tAki manuSya kI gaurava prApta karane kI AkAMkSA hI nahIM, manuSyatA kI gaurava garimA bhI akSuNNa banI rhe| bhArata ke dharma aura darzanoM kA yahI AdhAra mukhya rahA hai| hamAre yahAM kI dharma aura darzana kI pragati bhI adbhuta rahI hai / aitihAsika dRSTi se 1500 IsA pUrva se bhAratIya vicAradhArA kA jo vikAsa honA zurU huA, vaha nirantara calatA rahA hai- veda, upaniSad, purANa, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, jaina, bauddha, zaiva, vaiSNava Adi ke darzana pravAha meM aneka amUlya siddhAnta prakaTa hue jo bhAratIya dharma-darzana kI amUlya nidhi hai| sAre saMsAra ke darzanoM para isakI chApa par3I hai| isa nidhi ke ullekhanIya ratna haiMvedoM kA sRSTi vijJAna, upaniSadoM kA AtmajJAna, jaina darzana kA ahiMsA aura anekAntavAdI yathArtha, bauddha mata kA naitika AdarzavAda, bhagavadgItA kA AstikavAda, sAMkhyadarzana kA jIva - prakRtivAda, naiyAyika darzana kA tattva nirUpaNa, cittavRtti nirodhaka yogadarzana, cArvAka kA lokAyata darzana Adi / ye to kucha bAnagiyA~ haiM, bAkI gUr3ha siddhAMtoM kA ambAra hai, jinake aneka rahasyoM kA abhI bhI udghATana zeSa hai| darzanazAstroM ke prAdurbhAva ke uparAnta jaina evaM bauddha darzanoM ke viplava ne bhAratIya vicAradhArA ke kSetra meM eka vizeSa aitihAsika yuga kA nirmANa kiyA, kyoMki isa vipsava ne kaTTaratA kI paddhati ko antataH ukhAr3a kara hI dama liyA tathA eka samAlocanAtmaka dRSTikoNa ko utpanna karane meM sahAyatA dI (bhAratIya darzana khaMDa 2 adhyAya 1 dvArA sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNan) / AdhyAtmika kSetra ke rahasya aura unakA udghATana eka AMtarika prakriyA ke bala para hotA hai, jinakI jijJAsA, sAdhanA aura avApti kA sUkSma saMcaraNa mana kI taraMgoM, dhyAna ke yogoM tathA Atmika cintana dhArAoM meM se hokara gujaratA hai / parantu isa kSetra kI pramukha AdhArabhUmi caritra - saMpannatA hI rahatI hai / caritra kI utkRSTatA ke binA na to sAhasikatA kA samudbhava ho sakatA hai aura na hI rahasya bhedana kI prakriyA kI saphalatA / puSTa mUlAdhAra para hI gati agrasara ho sakatI hai| 15

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/ sucaritram 16 vaijJAnikoM kI bhautika upalabdhiyA~ Azcaryajanaka rahI haiM : Aja se sau varSa pahale kI sthiti para najara DAleM to lagegA ki taba vijJAna kI pragati meM aisA kucha nahIM thA jisa para dAMtoM tale aMgulI dabAI jAtI / yoM to sabase pahale Aga kI khoja huI to logoM kI jIvanazailI meM bar3A badalAva aayaa| phira pahiye kI khoja ne AvAgamana ke sAdhanoM meM nayA hI camatkAra lA diyA, lekina abhI-abhI jo sUcanA takanIka kI naI-naI khojeM huI haiM, unase to sAre saMsAra meM krAntikArI parivartana ho rahe haiN| sUcanA takanIka ke vikAsa meM to bhArata kA bhI pahale krama kA yogadAna hai - kampyUTara sophTaveara meM bhArata kA koI sAnI nhiiN| vaise saMvAda preSaNa, jAnakArI saMcayana Adi meM kampyUTara hArDa va saoNphTaveara, inTaraneTa, vebasAiTa, I-mela, mobAila phona Adi saMsAdhanoM ne sAre saMsAra ko isa taraha ghaniSThatA evaM samIpatA se jor3a diyA hai, jaise ki pUrA saMsAra eka choTA-sA gA~va ho gayA ho / anyAnya kSetroM ke sivAya cikitsakIya kSetra meM bhI adbhuta kAranAme sAmane A rahe haiN| TesTa TyUba bebI, bhrUNa pratyAropaNa, aMga pratyAropaNa ke bAda aba samasvarUpAMkana (kloniMga ) ke kAma meM bhI kAmayAbI mila gaI hai| isa kloniMga se jahA~ aneka duvidhAeM paidA hone kI AzaMkAeM haiM, vahAM isakA eka upayogI pahalu bhI batAyA jA rahA hai ki isake mAdhyama se amuka kozikA se aisA prayoga kiyA jA sakegA, jisase naSTa ho rahe zArIrika aMgoM kA dubArA aMkuraNa karA kara unheM svastha aMga-pratyaMgoM ke rUpa meM badalA jA ske| anya aneka kSetroM meM naye-naye anusaMdhAna sAmane A rahe haiM, jinheM Azcarya janaka mAnA jA rahA hai| yahA~ isa vaijJAnika pragati ke pIche rahI huI zakti kI pahacAna bhI kI jAnI caahiye| isa pragati meM bhI vahI zakti anivArya rUpa se cAhiye jo AdhyAtmika zodhoM meM cAhiye - vaha hai caritra kI zakti / yoM kaheM ki isameM caritra kI viziSTa zakti cAhiye ki vijJAna ko vinAzaka na banAyA jA sake, jaisA ki Aja ho rahA hai| kama se kama Ayudha kSetra kI upalabdhiyA~ mahAvinAza kI talavAra sira para laTakAe hue hai| zaktizAlI vyaktiyoM, samAja nAyakoM tathA rASTra zAsakoM meM yadi caritra hInatA kA kusaMskAra rahatA hai aura vijJAna kI pragati isI krama meM calatI rahatI hai to koI sandeha nahIM ki svArthavAditA kI Aga meM sampUrNa mAnavatA aura saMsAra jala- jhulasa jaayegaa| isa dRSTi se vijJAna kSetra meM bhI caritra kI mahattA para vizeSa dhyAna dene kI jarUrata I saca meM yaha saMsAra bahuvidha caritra kA hI vizAla raMgamaMca hai : vyApaka rUpa se saMsAra kI dRzyAvaliyoM para dRSTipAta kiyA jAe to yaha tathya spaSTa ujAgara hotA hai ki samasta upalabdhiyoM kI sahI AdhArabhUmi caritra sampannatA hI hai| kAraNa, jaba-jaba caritrahInatA ubharI aura phailI hai, taba-taba vyakti-vyakti ke bIca, saMgaThana saMgaThana ke bIca, rASTra - rASTra ke bIca, vyakti, saMgaThanoM va rASTroM ke bIca kaTutA bar3hI hai, dvandva paidA hue haiM aura yuddha taka chir3e haiN| kyoMki caritrahInatA se naitikatA tathA dAyitva kI bhAvanA lupta ho jAtI hai aura svArtha sabase Upara baiTha jAtA hai| taba bure sAdhanoM kA burA upayoga rukA huA ho to phira bhar3aka jAtA hai, lekina acche sAdhanoM kA

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rahasyoM, saMbhAvanAoM tathA pratyakSa upalabdhiyoM se bharA hai yaha saMsAra! bhI durupayoga zuru ho jAtA hai| aise durupayoga kI sApha tasvIra Aja ke jamAne meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| ____ Adhunika vAtAvaraNa dhana lipsA evaM sattA lAlasA kI AMdhI se itanA dhUla dhUsarita ho gayA hai ki sudhArane kI dizA meM kAma karane vAle prabuddha janoM ko bhI kaI bAra nirAzA kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| nirAzA kA kAraNa yahI hotA hai ki sabhI prakAra kI mAnavahita kI upalabdhiyoM kA nijI svArtha pUrti hetu durupayoga ho rahA hai| isase mAnavIya mUlyoM kA kSaraNa hI nahIM hotA, balki lopa bhI hotA jAtA hai| aise meM dalita evaM pIr3ita logoM kI duHkha gAthAeM suna-dekha kara hI dila dahala jAtA hai| ___parantu, yaha aTala satya hai ki pratyeka yuga meM caritrazIla vyakti saMsAra ke vizAla raMgamaMca para utara kara sAmane Ate haiM aura naI utkrAnti kA prasAra karake samagra vAtAvaraNa ko sarvajana ke hita evaM sukha hetu nayA rUpa-svarUpa pradAna karate haiN| Aja bhI (sthAI nirAzA kA koI kAma nahIM) prabuddha evaM yuvA vargoM ke caritra-nirmANa ke satprayAsa avazyameva saphala hoMge tathA saMsAra ke vAtAvaraNa meM nayA sukhada mor3a aaegaa| isake lie AvazyakatA hai kaThina se kaThina paristhitiyoM se lohA lene kI aura sadAcAra ke samarthana meM naI jana-bhAvanA jagAne kii| aba hamAre yahA~ bhI caritra-nirmANa kI havA bahane lagI hai aura vAtAvaraNa sudhAra kI icchAzakti kI jhalaka dikhAI dene lagI hai| aise meM yadi caritranirmANa kA eka satata sakriya abhiyAna pUrI umaMga aura niSThA ke sAtha calAyA jAe to sudhAra kI prakriyA meM tejI lAI jA sakatI hai| ___ jarA apanI dRSTi ko gaharAI taka le jAveM to avazya samajha meM AegA ki yaha saMsAra sacamuca hI bahuvidha caritroM kA eka vizAla raMgamaMca hai| jitanI bhI gatividhiyA~ isa raMgamaMca para najara meM AtI hai, unako do hI rUpoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| eka to yaha hai ki yadi caritrazIlatA hai aura usakA cAroM ora phailAva hai to sabhI zaktiyoM kA sadupayoga hai tathA upalabdhiyoM ke mAdhyama se mAnava sevA kA upakrama hai| dUsarA, yadi caritrahInatA kA cAroM ora mAhaula hai to vahA~ unhIM zreSTha upalabdhiyoM kA bhI durupayoga aura mAnavatA virodhI kAryoM kI zrRMkhalA kA calatA huA krama dikhAI degaa| caritra nirmANa ke kSetra meM kArya karane vAloM ko Akalana karanA hogA ki samAja va saMsAra meM prApta zaktiyoM kA durupayoga tathA sadupayoga karane vAloM kA kyA anupAta hai? hameM apane (AndolanakArI) kAryakalApoM se caritraniSThA ke dAyare ko bar3hAte hue sadupayoga kI pravRtti ko itanI prakhara banAnI hai ki duSprayoga kI duSpravRtti kama hokara beasara bana jaae| eka prakAra se pUrI taraha saMsAra kA saMcaraNa caritra ke saMdarbha meM prasArita evaM puSTa bana jaae| caritra hI banAtA hai bimba, chaviyA~ aura mahAna vibhUtiyA~ : sArvakAlika evaM sArvabhaumika rUpa se yaha satya sthApita hai ki caritra ke mahAtmya para hI kisI bhI vyakti kA vyaktitva pUrI bhIr3a meM se Upara ubharatA hai jaise ki vaha dIptimAna bimba ho| yahI bimba jaba apane jIvana ke vistRta vyavahAra evaM kAla pravAha meM usa dIpti ko banAe rakhatA hai athavA use vaha pravardhamAna karatA rahatA hai taba usakA rUpa sthAyitva meM badala jAtA hai aura usakA ullekha chavi (imeja) ke rUpa meM hone lagatA hai| chavi hotI hai saphala vyaktitva ke pratisthApana kI (puSTi kii)| 17

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sucaritram 18 samAja meM tathA sarvatra vaha vyakti apanI usa cAritrika chavi ke pariprekSya meM dekhA jAtA hai, saccA aura prAmANika mAnA jAtA hai ki usake sAtha koI bhI AMkha banda karake pUre vizvAsa ke sAtha apanA vyavahAra calA ske| aisI chavi kA aMkana eka prakAra se caritra nirmANa kA dUsarA caraNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| caritra nirmANa kA tIsarA caraNa usa vyakti ko mahAnatA kI ora gatizIla banAtA hai / bimba kA ubhAra evaM chavi kI sthApanA se vibhUti banane kI mahAyAtrA AraMbha hotI hai| usa puruSa kA oja, prabhAva aura sAmarthya tadanusAra aisA prabhAvika banane lagatA hai ki loga usake mukha maMDala ke cAroM ora eka AbhA-sI camakatI huI dekhane lagate haiN| vaha puruSa apane svArthoM se Upara uTha jAtA hai, balki apane nijatva ko bhI mahAn sAdhya ke hita meM nyauchAvara karanA zuru kara detA hai| usakA sAdhya hotA hai evaM sadbhAva ke sAtha sAre saMsAra kA bana jAnA tathA mAnavatA ke samunnata mUlyoM kI punaH pratiSThA karanA / yaha jIvana zailI usa caritraniSTha vyakti ko mahAnatA kI paMkti meM biThA detI hai / vastutaH caritra sampannatA kI mahattA apUrva hotI hai| isake lie isa saMsAra ke vizAla raMgamaMca kA gaharAI se adhyayana karate rahanA cAhiye / saMsAra evaM caritrabala sadA ekIbhUta rahe haiM aura raheMge, tabhI saMsAra calegA : dRSTikoNa kA sIdhA-sA artha hai ki dRSTi kisa koNa se DAlI jA rahI hai| koNa aneka hote haiM aura bhinna-bhinna koNoM se dRSTi DAlane para bhinna-bhinna dRzya tathA maMtavya sAmane A sakate haiN| aisA eka tattva, vicAra yA padArtha ke svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM bhI pratIta ho sakatA hai| isI satya ko isa RSi vAkya meM kahA gayA hai 'eko sad, viprAH bahudhA vadanti' / isa vicAra dazA ko isa rUpa meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki 'muMDe-muMDe mtirbhinnaaH'| ina uktiyoM kA tAtparya yaha hai ki eka hI tattva, vicAra yA padArtha kA vidvatjana bhinna-bhinna prakAra se vizleSaNa karate haiN| yadi isameM ekAntika dRSTi apanAI jAya to bhrama evaM vivAda kA vAtAvaraNa phaila sakatA hai, kintu anekAnta darzana athavA syAdvAda : ke siddhAnta ne isa bahudhA vizleSaNa ko satya ke sAkSAtkAra kA sAdhana banA diyA / tattva yA padArtha ke sabhI pahaluoM ko dekhanA- samajhanA tathA sAmaMjasya pUrNa samIkSA se una pahaluoM meM sthita satyAMzoM kA saMcaya karake pUrNa satya ko prApta karane kA prayatna karanA isa siddhAnta kA lakSya hai| satya zodhana kI yaha prakriyA hI phaladAyaka hai tathA satya zodhakoM dvArA apanAI jAnI cAhiye / yahAM isa siddhAnta ke ullekha kA saMdarbha yaha hai ki saMsAra viSayaka dhAraNA meM isa siddhAMta kA prayoga kiyA jAnA caahiye| yaha sahI hai ki saMsAra meM rAga, dveSa rUpI vikAroM ke phailAva se vAyumaMDala zuddhatA adhikAMza rUpa meM prabhAvita hotI hai, kiMtu isakA yaha artha nahIM nikAlA jAnA cAhiye ki saMsAra sarvathA vikRta sthala hI hai| isI saMsAra kI bhUmi para mahAn vibhUtiyoM ne janma liyA hai, isakI mATI se susaMskAra pAye haiM tathA apane pAvana uddezyoM se sarvakSetrIya unnati ke naye mArga udghATita kiye haiM / parantu yaha bhI sahI hai ki hAtha kI sabhI aMguliyA~ eka sI nahIM hotI aura saMsAra ke sabhI vyakti eka dizA meM sAtha-sAtha nahIM cala skte| isake uparAnta bhI adhikatama vyaktiyoM ko sanmArga para

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rahasyoM, saMbhAvanAoM tathA pratyakSa upalabdhiyoM se bharA hai yaha saMsAra! calane ke liye prerita to kiyA hI jA sakatA hai| Akhira mahAn vibhUtiyAM preraNA dene ke isa mahAn guNa ke kAraNa hI apanI mahAnatA banA sakI hai| inhIM vibhUtiyoM kA bhAva prakAza Aja bhI jagamagA rahA haikevala usa ora ajJAnI logoM kA dhyAna AkarSita karane evaM sAmUhika jIvanazailI meM sadAcaraNa ko pravartita karane kI AvazyakatA hai| eka dRSTikoNa jo banA huA hai, vaha hai sirpha burAI ko dekhakara hI amuka dhAraNA banAne kI vRtti| burAI jarUra dekhanI cAhiye, lekina use anupAta se kaI gunI bar3I banAkara nhiiN| yadi aisA kiyA jAegA, jaisA ki Aja kiyA jA rahA hai to bar3A AkAra karake dekhI jAne vAlI isa burAI kI kAlI chAyA meM acchAI kI tasvIra dhuMdhalI hI dikhegI yAnI ki jitanI acchAI hai, usase bahuta kama najara meM aaegii| isakA sIdhA asara vyakti ke hRdaya aura jana mAnasa para yaha hogA ki acchAI pAne kI lalaka kamajora hotI jAegI tathA jo burAI joradAra kara sakate haiM ve apane hauMsale bar3hA kara khUba burAI karane para DaTa jAeMge, lekina jinakI burAI karane kI himmata yA aukAta nahIM hai, ve nirAza hokara apane vajUda ko bhI bhUlane lgeNge| isakA bahuta tIkhA asara hogA samAja aura rAja para ki vyavasthA kA krama TUTane lagegA, yAnI caritrahInatA vyakti-vyakti se Age bar3hatI huI samAja aura rASTra ko bhI apane bigAr3a ke ghere meM lenA zuru kara degii| isa dRSTikoNa ko isa rUpa meM badalane kI jarUrata hai ki burAI ko burAI ke parimANa meM hI dekheM aura acchAI ko bhI usake parimANa meM, phira donoM ke bIca ke anupAta kA Akalana karate raheM, jisase sahI sthiti kA AbhAsa ho ki kula milAkara burAI bar3ha rahI hai yA acchaaii| yadi burAI bar3ha rahI hai to usake lie upAya kareM ki acchAI kA grApha Upara utthe| kinhI aMzoM meM acchAI ke AkAra ko bar3hA kara logoM ke sAmane prastuta kiyA jAe to vaha lAbhadAyaka hogaa| eka ora acchAI ko protsAhana milegA to dUsarI ora Ama logoM ko acchAI kI ora AkarSita kiyA jA skegaa| isase acchAI ko saMrakSaNa milegA aura usakA vistAra bhI sarala bana skegaa| __isa tathya ko samajheM ki kisI eka bure AdamI ke hAthoM eka aparAdha hotA hai yaha sabhI dekhate haiM, lekina anekoM vyaktiyoM ke sadvyavahAra se aneka aparAdha rukate haiM, isa acchAI para kisI kI najara muzkila se hI jAtI hai| yaha bhI Ama taura para hotA hai ki dasa bAra acchA vyavahAra karane ke bAda kisI kAraNa vizeSa se kevala gyArahavIM bAra koI kharAba vyavahAra kara letA hai to dasa acchAiyoM ko bhulA kara sirpha eka burAI ko itanI bar3I banA dI jAtI hai jaise ki usa vyakti ne acchA vyavahAra to kabhI kiyA hI nahIM thaa| isI vRtti yA mAnasa ko badalakara sama dRSTikoNa se saMsAra ke vAtAvaraNa ko dekhane aura parakhane kA svabhAva banAnA caahiye| eka burAI ko hI itanI bar3I karake dekhI jAe ki vyakti aura vyavasthA sabako kosane lageM, sAre jamAne ko doSa dene lageM aura Age bar3hate hue sAre saMsAra ko hI burA batAne lageM to Akhira hogA kyA? saMsAra aura jamAne se napharata karane lageMge aura apane Apako bhI sudhAra nahIM paaeNge| 'mAyA mile na rAma' vAlI hAlata ho jAyegI, ho kyA jAegI, zAyada Aja aisI hI hAlata ho rahI hai| ataH dRSTikoNa aisA bhI banAnA cAhiye ki hamArI AlocanA ekAMgI na ho aura doSoM ko dikhAte 19

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sucaritram 20 hue guNoM kI upekSA bhI na kreN| yaha bhI hama dhyAna rakheM ki asaliyata meM aura AlocanA meM bhI acchAiyoM ke palar3e ko hamezA vajanadAra banAe rkheN| itanA hI nahIM, balki sabako pratyakSa dikhAI bhI de ki daraasala acchAiyoM kA palar3A vajanadAra hI hai / bhArata deza kI vartamAna paristhitiyoM ke saMdarbha meM isa pracalita dRSTikoNa ko samajhiye / sAmAnya rUpa se Aja sabhI ko lagatA hai ki deza meM kAnUna evaM vyavasthA kI sthiti bar3I kharAba hai, aparAdhoM kA grApha bahuta Upara jA rahA hai aura naI pIr3hI ke cAla-calana meM bhI bar3I kharAbiyA~ dhaMsa gaI hai - yaha eka dRSTikoNa hai / kyA yaha dUsarA dRSTikoNa nahIM banAyA jA sakatA ki ina sabake bAvajUda bahusaMkhyaka logoM kI surakSA ho rahI hai, unake kAma-dhaMdhe acche cala rahe haiM, sAmAnya rUpa se ApasI vyavahAra bhI bahulAMza meM sahI hai tathA isI prakAra kA bhAIcAre kA mAhaula bhI / yadi aisA na ho to daMge-phasAda hote raheM, cAroM ora arAjakatA phaila jAe yA pratyeka vyakti kA jInA dusvAra bana jAe / lekina, aisA nahIM hai aura isakA sApha matalaba yahI hai ki samUce vAtAvaraNa kA adhikAMza acchA hai| acchAI adhika hai aura burAI kama / isa burAI ko bhI dUra karane kI lagAtAra koziza honI cAhiye, lekina usase bhI bar3hakara koziza acchAI ko majabUta banAne kI honI caahiye| aisI mAnasikatA jaba banegI to saMsAra, samAja aura rAja ko kevala kosane kI khokhalI pravRtti baMda ho jAyegI / yahI lakSya hai caritra-nirmANa ke satata sakriya abhiyAna kA ki bure saMsAra kI burAI ko kama karane tathA acche saMsAra kI acchAI ko bar3hAne kA kArya nirantara utsAhapUrvaka kiyA jaae| yaha samajha liyA jAnA cAhiye ki aba taka saMsAra kA sArA kAma caritra bala kI sahAyatA se hI calatA AyA hai| aura doSa yA bigAr3a tabhI paidA huA jaba caritra bala kSINa huA / dIrghakAla ke itihAsa ke tathyoM ko parakheMge to spaSTa hogA ki saMsAra aura caritrabala sadA ekIbhUta rahe haiN| saMsAra kA sahI svarUpa tabhI sAmane A sakA hai, jaba caritrazIla puruSoM kA prabhAva sarvocca rahA yAnI adhisaMkhya jana caritra kA anusaraNa evaM maryAdAoM kA pAlana karane meM agrasara rhe| jaba caritrahInatA kA daura AtA hai taba saMsAra ke anyAnya samudAya bhI vikAragrasta hote haiM aura pUre eka vRhad ghaTaka ke nAte saMsAra kI pratiSThA bhI giratI hai / vAstavikatA ke isa prakAza meM yaha siddhAMta siddha mAnA jAnA cAhiye ki saMsAra tathA caritrabala kI ekAtmakatA Aja bhI banI huI hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI banI rahegI, kyoMki yadi aisA na ho to saMsAra kA calanA hI duSkara ho jAegA arthAt caritra ke pUrNa abhAva meM to saMsAra meM pralaya hI A jaaegaa| kintu, aisA hogA nahIM / AvazyakatA hai ki caritrabala ko saba ora ubhArA jAe, sAmAnya jana ke mana-mAnasa yaha paidA kiyA jAe aura isa saMsAra meM punaH caritrabala se saba sabala bneN|

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vizva racanA, vyavasthA kA paridRzya evaM saMtulana kI suI

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vizva racanA, vyavasthA kA paridRzya evaM saMtulana kI suI caritra vikAra kyA hai aura kyoM hai? vizva racanA aura vartamAna samaya kI nadI meM kitanA pAnI baha gayA, kitanA aTaka gayA aura kitanA baha rahA hai, nirantara kabhI pAnI se panIle dikhAI diye motI, mAnuSa, cUna pAnI ur3a gayA kabhI kisI kA, kabhI kisI kA AMdhiyA~ calI, bavaMDara Aye, baha gayA khUna aura Aja bhI samaya kI nadI meM duniyAM kI nAva Dola rahI hai antarAla gaharA hai hai kinArA bahuta dUra mAMDI kI thakAvaTa bola rahI hai ghanaghora ghaTA, aMdhiyArA bhISaNa TUTatI nAva rahI musAphiroM ko jhakajhora tana-mana uravar3eM haiM, saMjJA zUnya-sI jJAta nahIM, kaba hogI bhora na jAne isa pravAha meM kitane Aye, kitane bisvara rahe 21

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sucaritram kitane DUbe, kitane tara rahe jo rahate haiM majabUta ve hote haiM avadhUta na samaya roka pAtA unheM na kaThinatama bAdhAoM kI bhIra ve cIrate hI jAte nIra ko bar3hate hI jAte ve dhIra-dhIra hara muzkila hI lagatI hai unako apanI maMjila koI vyavadhAna na kara pAtA unako zithila vaha to bana jAtA hai varadAna unakA sudRr3ha bhAva, aTala prabhAva bana jAtA bhAvI kA abhiyAna basa, tuma bhI bar3ho saMgI-sAthiyoM, samaya kI baizAsviyoM ko tor3a alakha jagAte cale calo hara sAMsa milAkara sAMsa-sAMsa meM patha kA saMgIta guMjAte cale calo samaya kI nadI meM sabake sAtha samarasa Ananda bahAte cale clo| samaya kA pravAha to anavarata calatA hI hai, kintu usake sAtha jaba kabhI vicAroM kA pravAha jur3a jAe to bhAvuka mana meM kAvya-pravAha bhI umar3a par3atA hai| merA yaha kAvya-pravAha bhI antarmana ke cintana ke sAtha isI taraha umar3A hai| kucha ekAnta-zAnta vAtAvaraNa milA ki vicAroM kA pravAha phira AyA vizva racanA para, vizva vyavasthA ke vartamAna paridRzya para aura sabake kendra mAnava kI gatividhiyoM pr| socane lagA-samaya nadI pravAha ke samAna binA rUke nirantara bahatA hai to isa 'samaya' kA kyA prabhAva hotA hai isa vizva ke saMsaraNa para? gatizIlatA jaise samaya aura nadI kI lAkSaNika pahacAna hai, vaisI hI pahacAna isa saMsAra kI nahIM hai kyA? samaya bahatA hai, nadI bahatI hai to yaha saMsAra bhI to nirantara bahatA hI hai| samIkSA yahI karanI hotI hai ki saMsAra kI gatizIlatA kaba utthAna kI ora hotI hai to kaba kyoM patana kI ora ho jAtI hai? samaya kI nadI kA pAnI kaba motI, mAnuSa, cUna kA pAnIdAra banA detA hai| to kaba kyoM samaya ke pravAha meM ina sabakA pAnI utara jAtA hai? saMsAra meM sabako apanI-apanI yAtrA karanI hotI hai, lekina yaha kina kAraNoM se akelI aura kisa prakAra sAMjhI yAtrA bana sakatI hai? mana ke dhanI manuSya para kamajorI kyoM hAvI ho jAtI hai aura vahI manuSya dhIra-vIra banakara maMjila para hI nahIM pahu~catA, balki auroM ke liye bhI unnati kA Adarza chor3a jAtA hai-aisA kyoM? aura vicAroM kA kahA~ anta AtA hai?

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vizva racanA, vyavasthA kA paridRzya evaM saMtulana kI suI aneka mor3oM se gujaratA huA pravAha calatA hI rahatA hai, kintu vivekI mana usa pravAha meM se niSkarSa ke motI cunatA hai aura mere vicAra pravAha ke aise hI kucha kacce-pakke motI merI isa kAvya racanA meM bikhare haiM aura isI saMdarbha meM maiM yahAM vizva racanA, vyavasthA ke vartamAna paridRzya evaM sabake bIca aisI santulana kI suI ke bAre meM apane vicAra rakha rahA hU~ ki samucita saMtulana kI zakti caritra sampannatA ke AdhAra para sthApita kI jAe aura vizva-vyavasthA ko sarvajanahitAya, sarvajanasukhAya adhika samarasa, sukhada evaM sundara banAI jaae| carcA kareM ki vizva-racanA kI zAzvata dRSTi kyA hai? vizva kI vyavasthA kina tattvoM ke AdhAra para saMcAlita hotI hai tathA una tattvoM kA pArasparika saMbaMdha kyA hai? isI pariprekSya meM Akalana kareM ki Aja kI vyavasthA kitanI vikRta hai, kyoM vikRta hai aura isa vikRti ko dUra karane kA manuSya kA kitanA dAyitva hai? do tattvoM kI sattA ke AdhAra para hI racita evaM saMcAlita hai vizva : _ vizva ke rahasyoM ko jJAta karane kI dizA meM mAnava prAraMbha se hI prayatnazIla rahA hai, usakI jijJAsA jAgatI rahI hai aura vaha sAdhanA va sAhasa ke sAtha anusaMdhAnoM tathA AviSkAroM kI paMktiyAM khar3I karatA rahA hai| Aja bhI usakA vahI krama cala rahA hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI usake calate rahane kI pUrI saMbhAvanA hai, kyoMki saMsAra ke rahasya ananta haiN| kabhI kisI kSetra meM adhika zodha calatI hai to kabhI kisI anya kSetra meM, kintu krama bhaMga nahIM hotaa| sarvathA ajJAta rahasyoM ke prati athavA bhayaMkara kaThinAiyoM ke prati bhI usake utsAha meM kamI nahIM aatii| vizva ko eka pahelI mAnate hue mAnava prayatna karatA rahatA hai use sulajhAne kI, isa dhyeya ke sAtha ki vaha anabujhI na rhe| jJAniyoM aura sAdhakoM ne isa pahelI ko gaharAI se samajhA hai aura dUradarzitA se usakI sulajhana bhI sAmAnya jana ko batAI hai| vizva kA astitva mUla rUpa se do hI tattvoM para nirbhara hai aura ina do tattvoM ke mela se hI vizva kI racanA hai to isI se vizva-vyavasthA kA saMcaraNa hai| ina do tattvoM meM eka jIva kahalAtA hai jo zAzvata, cinmaya aura arUpI hai to dUsare tattva kA nAma hai jar3a yA pudgala jo kSaNabhaMgura, acetana aura rUpI yAnI rUpavAna hai| yaha ApakA zarIra bhI inhIM donoM tattvoM kI racanA hI hai-jIva aura jar3a kA sNyog| AtmA cetana tattva hai to zarIra acetana tattvoM kA piMDa, kintu donoM ke saMyoga se sAkAra jIvana utpanna ho jAtA hai| inake sivAya dhana, sampatti, mahala, havelI Adi ke vividha dRzya padArtha pudgala ke hI anekAneka rUpa haiM jinameM nirantara parivartana hotA rahatA hai| kAraNa, pudgaloM kA svabhAva hI galanA, badalanA kahA gayA hai (pUraNAt galanAtIti pudglH)| ___ yaha vizAla vizva pudgala-paramANuoM se aTA par3A hai aura inhIM ke milane, alaga hone aura rUpa badalane ke kAraNa sArI dRzyAvaliyoM kA janma aura unameM parivartana hotA hai| yaha janma, vikAsa aura vinAza vibhinna avasthAoM evaM kAla krama ke anusAra ghaTita hotA rahatA hai| kintu usakA pradhAna kAraka hai caitanyattva, jisake mela se vizva kI samasta gatividhiyA~ parilakSita hotI haiN| prakRti ke vibhinna rUpoM meM pudgala-paramANu krIr3Ae~ karate rahate haiM tathA sundara-asundara dRzyoM kI racanA karate haiN| 23

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sucaritram vizva-vyavasthA kI AdhAra zilA hai-cetana va jar3a kI sttaa| sattA kA zAstrIya zabda hai-'sat' aura sat vaha hai jo utpanna hotA hai, vyaya hotA hai, phira bhI usameM dhrauvya kA aMza bhI rahatA hai (utpAdavyaya dhauvyayuktaM sat-tatvArtha sUtra 5/29) utpAda, vyaya evaM dhrauvya se jo tadAtmaka hai, vaha sat hai| ina tIna meM se do aMza utpAda aura vyaya, asthiratA yA anityatA ke pratIka haiM to tIsarA dhrauvya, sthiratA evaM nityatA kaa| jo dhrauvyatA hai vaha dravya hai tathA utpAda va vyaya usakI paryAya kahI gaI hai| jaise sone ke kaMganoM ko galA kara hAra banAyA gayA to isameM hAra kA utpAda huA tathA kaMgana kA vyaya, kintu ina donoM paryAyoM meM jo dhrauvya rahA vaha hai sonA / dravya tathA paryAyoM ke parivartana se hI vizva kI samUcI vyavasthA cala rahI hai aura usameM dravya rUpa dhrauvya tattva zAzvata hai| yahI saba sat hai yAnI ki jar3a-cetana kI sattA hai| sattA kA jo cetana bhAga hai, vaha saMvedanazIla tathA anubhUti svarUpa hai, kintu jar3a bhAga kI zakti se adhikAMza pravRttiyAM pUrva nirdhArita evaM hetumUlaka hotI hai| apanI isa nirdhAraNa kI kriyA meM evaM upayoga kI dhArA meM cetana pUrNa svataMtra hai| cetanA yA upayoga hI to mukhya lakSaNa hai cetana kA, jIva kA, jabaki jar3a sarvathA acetana hai yAnI ki cetanA zUnya hai| isI kAraNa se jar3a kI apanI kriyA meM jar3a kA apanA koI hetu nahIM hotA hai, phira bhI jar3a kI bhI kriyA hotI hai aura nirantara hotI rahatI hai, para hotI hai hetu rahita evaM lkssyhiin| hetu evaM lakSya kA astitva cetana tattva kI kriyAzIlatA se hI dRzyagata hotA hai| upayoga lakSaNa hai jIva kA, jo kabhI ajIva nahIM hotA : jIva, cetana athavA AtmA kA lakSaNa upayoga (jJAna zakti) hai (upayogo lakSaNam-tatvArtha sUtra, 2/8) / jIva anAdisiddha arthAta svataMtra dravya mAnA gayA hai| tAtvika daSTi se arUpI hone ke kAraNa cetana ko koI bhI jJAna indriyoM ke mAdhyama se sIdhe taura para nahIM hotA, balki pratyakSa athavA anumAna ko sva-saMvedana se hotA hai| AtmA kI isI pahacAna kA nAma upayoga hai| AtmA jJeya hai to upayoga usake jJAna kA saadhn| yaha vizva aneka jar3a-cetana padArthoM kA mizraNa hai| inameM se yadi kaunasA padArtha jar3a hai aura kaunasA cetana, isakA nizcaya karanA ho to usake liye kasauTI rUpa hai upyog| jisa padArtha meM nyUnAdhika rUpa se jJAna zakti kA astitva hai to vaha padArtha cetana hogA aura jo padArtha sarvathA jJAna zakti se hIna hai vaha jar3a hogaa| jIvoM meM jJAna-zakti kA tAratamya ho sakatA hai, kintu koI bhI jIva jJAna-zakti se sarvathA zUnya nahIM ho sktaa| ataH upayoga arthAt bodha rUpa vyApAra (kriyAkalApa) jIva kA pramukha lakSaNa hai| bodha kA kAraNa hI cetana hotA hai aura isI se bodha-kriyA saMbhava banatI hai| yaha bodha-kriyA jar3a meM kadApi saMbhava nhiiN| upayoga ke AdhAra para hI AtmA ko ananta guNa-paryAya vAlI mAnA gayA hai| kAraNa, AtmA sva-para svarUpa prakAzaka hotI hai so vaha svayaM tathA anya padArthoM kI paryAyoM kA jJAna kara sakatI hai| isake sivAya AtmA jisa rUpa meM astitva athavA anAstitva ko jAnatI hai, nirNayoM meM ulajhatI yA sulajhatI hai athavA sukha yA duHkha kA anubhava karatI hai vaha saba upayoga se hI kiyA jAtA hai, jIva kI sabhI paryAyoM meM upayoga mukhya hotA hai| 24

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vizva racanA, vyavasthA kA paridRzya evaM saMtulana kI suI jIva, cetana yA AtmA ke do bheda batAye haiM-pahalA saMsArI, jo saMsAra ke gati cakra meM bhramaNazIla hai tathA dUsarA mukta, jo saMsAra se mukta hokara siddha ho cukI hai (saMsAriNo muktAzca-ta. sU. 2/10) / saMsArI AtmAoM ke bhI do bheda haiM-mana-yukta aura mana-rahita athavA trasa aura sthaavr| pRthvI, pAnI va vanaspati ke jIva sthAvara kahe gaye haiM to agni, vAyu tathA do indriyoM se lekara pAMca indriyoM vAle jIva trasa batAye gaye haiM-(samanaskA'manaskAH , saMsAriNastrasAH sthAvarAH, pRthivya'mbuvanaspatayaH sthAvarAH, tejovAyu dvIndriyAdayazca trasAH - ta. sU. 2/11-14) phira pAMca iMndriyoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai jinake lakSaNa haiM-sparzana (chUnA), rasana (cakhanA), ghrANa (sUMghanA), cakSu (dekhanA) tathA zravaNa (sananA) ina pAMca indriyoM ke sivAya mana kA kathana hai jo anindriya kahA gayA hai| jIvoM meM mana vAloM ko saMjJI tathA anyoM ko asaMjJI kahA gayA hai| ___ Azaya yaha hai ki upayoga, jJAna, saMjJA, cetanA ye saba ekArthavAcaka haiM aura jIva ke astitvbodhk| jIva hai to tAratamya se yaha lakSaNa avazyameva hogA, anyathA vaha jIva nahIM hogA, ajIva yAnI jar3a hI hogaa| ina donoM tattvoM kA paraspara rUpAntaraNa kadApi nahIM hotaa| na jIva kabhI bhI ajIva ho sakatA hai aura na ajIva kabhI bhI jIva / donoM tattvoM kI sattA sadaiva pRthak rahatI hai parantu milakara vizva ko calAtI hai| sUkSma jIvoM kI saMvedanazIlatA evaM unake saMrakSaNa se mAnavIya guNoM kA vikAsa: ___ yaha vizva jIvoM se bharA par3A hai jinameM (adhisaMkhyA) sUkSmajIvoM kI adhikatA hai| koI yaha prazna khar3A kara sakatA hai ki sUkSmajIvoM meM bhalA kitanA-sA upayoga ho sakatA hai, jo unheM tanika bhI saMvadenazIlatA kA bodha karA sake? yaha prazna mahattvapUrNa hai kyoMki sUkSmajIvoM kI saMvedanazIlatA unake sAtha to nizcita rUpa se hai hI, kintu unakI saMvedanazIlatA ke saMrakSaNa meM yadi mAnava jaisA sarvAdhika prabuddha prANI saMvedanazIla bana jAe to na sirpha una choTe-choTe jIvoM kI rakSA ho sakegI, balki svayaM mAnava kA bhI sarvAdhika hita sdhegaa| eka ora prakRti evaM paryAvaraNa kI rakSA hogI to dUsarI ora dayA, rakSA, karuNA, sahayoga, hArdikatA jaise aneka mAnavIya guNoM kA vikAsa bhI sahaja rUpa se ho skegaa| sthAvara jIva vAstava meM atyanta sUkSma hote haiN| jaise eka miTTI ke Dhele meM asaMkhya jIva ho sakate haiM yA vanaspati ke choTe-se Tukar3e meM bhI atyanta sUkSma jIva ho sakate haiN| yadyapi unakI cetanA vyakta nahIM dIkhatI hai, phira bhI unheM sukha duHkha kA saMvedana hotA hai| inake eka hI indriya hotI hai-sparzana tathA jo upayoga yA jJAna hotA hai vaha anindriya hotA hai| anindriya jJAna ke do artha hote haiM-eka to vaha jJAna jo mana se hotA hai aura isakA dUsarA artha hai ogha-saMjJA / Aja ke vaijJAnika bhI ogha saMjJA kI jAnakArI karane ke liye prayatnazIla hai| (Azcarya hai ki ogha-saMjJA kI jAnakArI prApta kara lI hai| yaha jAnakArI unheM vaijJAnikoM se milI hai|) unhoMne vanaspati ke saMdarbha meM kalekTiva mAiMDa' yAnI sAmahika mAnasa ke rUpa meM ise vyAkhyApita kiyA hai| vanaspati ko sajIva mAnane ke bAda vijJAna ne 25

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sucaritram prayoga se yaha bhI siddha kara liyA hai ki ina vanaspati ke jIvoM ke bIca bAta bhI hotI haiM to ye saMgIta Adi kaI dhvaniyoM se bhI prabhAvita hote haiN| do vaijJAnikoM-DaoN. bogale aura DaoN. veMkasTara ne vanaspati para bahuta prayoga kiye aura sAbita kiyA ki manuSya aura paudhe donoM Apasa meM apanI cetanA zakti kA AdAna-pradAna bhI karate haiN| poligrApha ke eka saMvedanazIla tAra se paudhe kI TUTI zAkhA jor3I gaI aura paudhe ne apanI cetanA jatAnI zuru kara dI-gelveno mITara kI suI ghUmane lgii| patA calA ki paudhA pyAsA hai-pAnI diyA gayA, phira suI ghUmI aura paudhe ne khuzI jtaaii| anya aneka prayogoM se vanaspati kI bhAvAbhivyakti kI jAnakArI huii| abhiprAya yaha hai ki ina sUkSma jIvoM kI saMvedanazIlatA kahIM nyUna hotI hai to kahIM adhika bhii| yA kahIM kyA yaha bhI A sakatA hai ki vijJAna pAnI meM, vanaspati meM jIva nahIM mAnatA thA, aba prayoga dvArA siddha hae aura mAnane lgaa| dhvani taraMgoM, prakAza kI gati aura isI prakAra kI anya vaijJAnika khojoM aura vikAsa kI sthiti kA adhyayana kareM to pAeMge ki jaina dharma-darzana meM hajAroM varSa pUrva yaha saba tathya maujUda rahe haiN| yaha dharma apane Apa meM vaijJAnika dharma hai, lekina isakI dhUrI caritra para TikI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki yaha dharma mAnavatA ke lie upakArI rahA hai aura kabhI apanI vaijJAnikatA kA durUpayoga nahIM kiyA hai| sthAvara (sUkSma) jIvoM kI saMvedanazIlatA ko AcArAMga sUtra meM varNita isa udAharaNa se bhI samajhA jA sakatA hai| eka AdamI baharA, gUMgA aura aMdhA hai| ina tIna indriyoM ke abhAva meM usakA bAhara kA saMbaMdha-viccheda-sA ho jAtA hai, paraMtu kyA vaha sukha-duHkha kA anubhava nahIM karatA? vaha batA nahIM sakatA lekina mahasUsa to karatA hI hai| yahI to saMvedanazIlatA hotI hai| isI prakAra sUkSmajIvoM meM ntara prANadhArA bahatI rahatI hai so vedanA to hotI hI hai| vijJAna ne isa prANadhArA ko nAma diyA hai 'kaoNsmika de' (jAgatika kiraNa) kA, jo sabhI prANiyoM meM pravAhita hotI hai| vizva ke sabhI prANiyoM meM sarvAdhika cetanA, prANadhArA, viveka, buddhi Adi kI dRSTi se mAnava hI sarvazreSTha prANI hai aura isa nAte usakA sUkSmajIvoM ke saMbaMdha meM vizeSa dAyitva bhI hai| ataH mAnava ko nirdeza diyA gayA ki vaha pratyeka prANI kI AtmA ko apanI AtmA ke samAna samajhe aura yaha mahasUsa kare ki jaise use sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti hotI hai, vaisI hI anubhUti ekendriya Adi (sUkSma) prANiyoM ko bhI hotI hai| yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki ve usa anubhUti ko prakaTa karane meM samartha nahIM hote haiM aura isa dRSTi se unake saMrakSaNa ke prati mAnava kA dAyitva aura adhika gaharA ho jAtA hai| jaise oNparezana ke samaya rogI ko mUrchita kara diyA jAtA hai aura cIraphAr3a kI jAtI hai| cIraphAr3a se kaSTa jarUra hotA hai lekina mUrchA ke kAraNa vaha use usa samaya na mahasUsa karatA hai, na batA sakatA hai| yahI sthiti ekendriya (sUkSmajIvoM) kI samajhI jA sakatI hai| aise meM unake prati mAnava kA karu NA bhAva prabhAvI rUpa se kArya karanA caahiye| ____ mAnava eka vikasita prANI hai, jabaki sthAvara jIva atIva avikasita hote haiN| kintu vikAsa kI prakriyA kA mUla tattva hotA hai-gti| vikAsa kI gati nirantara calatI rahatI hai aura jIva vikAsa kA itihAsa isa para pUrI rozanI DAlatA hai| gati hI sAre nava-nirmANa kA AdhAra banatI hai| gatizIlatA hI saMsAra kA dUsarA nAma hai| saMsAra kA matalaba hI gatizIla honA hai| sthiratA kA nAma 26

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vizva racanA, vyavasthA kA paridRzya evaM saMtulana kI suI saMsAra nahIM hai-yaha spaSTa saMdeza hai (esa saMsAretti pavuccaI-mahAvIra ) yaha dRzya jagat jo hai ve trasa jIvI haiM-sthAvara jIva dikhAI nahIM dete| trasa jIvoM (do se pAMca indriya vAle) meM bhI manuSya hI sabakA siramaura hai| usakA artha yaha mAnA jAnA cAhiye ki sarvAdhika gatizIlatA bhI manuSya meM honI cAhiye ki vaha tatparatA se choTe trasa tathA sUkSma sthAvara jIvoM kA saMrakSaNa karane kA bhAra nibhAtA rhe| isa bhAra nirvAha meM usakA svayaM kA saMrakSaNa tathA vikAsa bhI chipA huA hai-isakA use pakkA AbhAsa honA caahiye| isa dharatI kA rakSA kavaca hai paryAvaraNa, ataH rakSaNIyA hai prakRti : sUkSma dRSTi se dekheMge to vidita hogA ki prakRti svayaM adhikAMza rUpa se sthAvara sUkSmajIvoM kA piMDa hI hotI hai, cAhe unnata parvata zikhara ho yA gahana vana, sundara udyAna athavA kala-kala karate jharane aura praur3hA-sI bahatI nadiyAM, mukta pavana yA manuSya kI sevArata agni- ye saba kyA haiM? ye saba ekendriya jIva hI to (jIva piMDa hI to) hai| . aba manuSya ke liye prakRti kyA hai aura donoM ke bIca kyA saMbaMdha rahanA cAhiye-yaha adhikAMza loga samajhate haiN| prakRti kI chAyA meM hI manuSya zAnti aura sukha ke sAtha apane kAryakalApa meM vyasta raha sakatA hai tathA apane saMrakSaNa ke sAtha apane kartavyoM kA bhI saphalatApUrvaka nirvAha kara sakatA hai| prAgetihAsika kAla meM to manuSya pUrI taraha se prakRti para hI nirbhara thaa| phala khAtA thA, valkala pahanatA thA aura nirdvanda vana meM vicaraNa karatA thaa| taba usake pAsa na koI kAma thA, na kAma karane kI klaa| taba usake liye svastha prakRti mA~ kI goda se bhI bar3hakara sukhakara thii| phira usane asi (talavAra), masi (syAhI) tathA kasi (kRSi) ke mAdhyama se dhaMdhe pakar3e aura kamAnA siikhaa| vaha jaba jJAna-vijJAna kI dizA meM bahuta Age bar3ha gayA to usakI saMpannatA bhI bar3hI jisake sAtha usakA abhimAna bhI bar3hane lagA ki vaha prakRti kA anugAmI nahIM, apitu usakA vijetA bana rahA hai| usakI pragati ke Age prakRti usake liye avarodha nahIM rhii| taba vaha prakRti ko bhAryA mAnane lgaa| kintu prakRti para adhikAdhika niyaMtraNa kI zakti pAte hue manuSya kA lobha atizaya rUpa meM bar3hane lgaa| taba prakRti ke sAtha usakI lUTa-khasoTa zuru huii| use mAtra bhogyA mAnakara vaha prakRti ko naSTa bhraSTa karane lgaa| vijJAna ke ati vistAra ke sAtha Aja manuSya ke hAthoM prakRti jIrNa-zIrNa hone lagI hai, itanI ki jaise sArI sRSTi hI vinAza kI kagAra para khar3I kara dI gaI ho| ___ isa dharatI graha ke liye phaladAyinI hai to prakRti aura isakA rakSA kavaca hai pryaavrnn| kyA hotA hai paryAvaraNa? dharatI para prakRti phalatI-phUlatI hai aura prakRti kA vaisA AvaraNa jo cAroM ora prasArita hotA hai, usI kA nAma paryAvaraNa hai| udyogoM kI cimaniyoM ke jaharIle dhueM se, ghAtaka rasAyanoM ke phailAva se, mAnava kI azuddha evaM duSTa jIvanazailI se aura sabase bar3hakara manuSya kI lAlasAjanya hiMsA se prakRti kA vinAza ho rahA hai to sAtha hI paryAvaraNa bhI burI taraha se pradUSita ho rahA hai| anya grahoM se jo dharatI kI rakSA karatI hai-ojona parata, usameM bhI paryAvaraNa ke pradUSaNoM ne kaI cheda banA diye haiM jinameM se hokara adhika mAtrA meM sUrya kI parAbaiMganI kiraNeM praviSTa hokara dharatI kI jalavAyu 27

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sucaritram ko kaSTakAraka banAtI jA rahI hai| ___ mAnava kA lobha Aja usake liye hI ghAtaka aura saMhAraka bana gayA hai jo dharatI ke astitva ko hI khatare meM DAla rahA hai| jaba taka mAnava prAkRtika sampadA evaM prAptiyoM kA sadupayoga karatA rahA, taba taka usakA jIvana, usake vicAra, usake kAryakalApa bhI zuddha aura phaladAyaka bane rhe| kintu vaijJAnika upalabdhiyoM ke durupayoga para jaba vaha apane aniyaMtrita svArtha ke kAraNa utara AyA, tabhI se prakRti evaM paryAvaraNa kA vinAza AraMbha ho gayA, jo krama isa samaya tejI se cala rahA hai| ___Aja to cetAvanI kI velA hai ki manuSya apanI vikRtiyoM se Upara uThe tathA prakRti va paryAvaraNa meM vikRtiyA~ phailAne se bAja Ave, anyathA sarvanAza ke mArga para hI vaha cala rahA hai-yahI mAnA jaaegaa| yaha vaha nAjuka ghar3I hai jaba manuSya ko pUrI taraha se jAganA aura cetanA caahie| lekina prazna hai ki pUrI mAnava jAti kI jAgRti kyA nikaTa bhaviSya meM saMbhava mAnI jA sakatI hai? merA uttara hai ki asaMbhava nahIM aura jAgRti kA yaha zaMkha caritrabala kI puSTatA se hI bajAyA jA sakatA hai| Aja jJAnavijJAna ke jina sAdhanoM ko mAnava ne apane hI svArtha sAdhana evaM durupayoga se saMhAraka banA DAlA hai, unheM hitakArI svarUpa bhI mAnava hI pradAna kara sakatA hai| mAnava ke caritra meM yadi sAmAnya UMcAI bhI Ane lage aura prakRti va paryAvaraNa ko yAnI ki sUkSmajIvoM ko vaha pUrA saMrakSaNa de sake to paristhitiyoM ke badalane meM adhika samaya nahIM lgegaa| mAnava jAti ko caritra nirmANa ke eka jabaradasta Andolana meM bahA le jAne kI jarUrata hai aura isa jarUrata ko kama saMkhyA meM hote hue bhI caritrazIla vyakti pUrI kara sakate haiN| vyakti hI hai sakala vizva evaM usakI samasta vyavasthA kI dhurI : dhurI kA artha Apa samajhate haiM? dhurI usa kendra daMDa ko kahA jAtA hai jisa para pUrA DhAMcA TikA rahatA hai| vizva kA jo yaha vizAla DhAMcA hai vaha vyakti kI dhurI para hI TikA huA hai| vizva yadi sabase bar3A ghaTaka hai to vyakti usakA sabase choTA ghttk| vizva eka bhUgola hai, jahA~ dvIpa, mahAdvIpa, sAgara, mahAsAgara, deza, pradeza Adi anekazaH bhUkhaNDa phaile hue haiM-yaha dUsarI bAta hai, kintu bhAvanAtmaka Adi dRSTiyoM se vizva mAnava samAja kA hI vRhattama saMgaThana hai| isI meM nijI, sarakArI Adi aneka prakAra ke saMgaThana kAryarata haiM aura una sabakA kArya vyakti para hI nirbhara hai| ___ yathArtha to yaha hai ki vyakti hI saba kucha hai, kyoMki vyakti hI eka sajIva prANI hai tathA ye sAre saMgaThana nirjIva haiM yA vyakti kI hI kRtiyAM haiN| samajhiye ki eka saMgha hai to saMgha kyA hai? usake sadasyoM kA samUha hI to hai| aura samUha ke sadasya kauna? vyakti hI to| koI bhI saMgha, saMgaThana, rASTra yA antarrASTrIya saMsthA vyakti yA vyaktiyoM ke samUha dvArA hI to saMcAlita hotA hai| Azaya yaha ki vyakti aura vyakti se hI samAja kA nirmANa hotA hai| to kyA vastusthiti yaha hai ki vyakti hI saba kucha hai zaktiyoM se sampanna aura samAja kucha bhI nahIM, kyoMki usakA saMcAlaka vyakti hI hotA hai? lekina vastusthiti pUrNatayA yaha bhI nahIM hotI hai| vyakti kI jitanI zakti hotI hai, usase kaI gunI zakti samAja kI bana jAtI hai| isakA rahasya yaha 28

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vizva racanA, vyavasthA kA paridRzya evaM saMtulana kI suI hai ki kaI vyakti apanI-apanI zakti kA saMcaya karake saMgha, saMsthA yA samAja kI racanA karate haiM to vaha saMgaThana itanA zakti sampanna ho jAtA hai ki usake saMgaThaka sadasyoM ko bhI usa saMsthA ke anuzAsana ke antargata kArya karanA hotA hai| isa prakAra samAja kI zakti vyakti ko niyaMtrita karane lagatI hai, yadyapi usakA astitva vyaktiyoM ke samUha se hI utpanna hotA hai| vyaktiyoM kI zakti kA jur3Ava aura usake samyak vibhAjana para hI sAre vizva kI vyavasthA AdhArita hai| yoM vyakti para saba kucha AdhArita hone ke uparAnta bhI saMgaThana kI zakti usase Upara hotI hai, jo use niyaMtrita bhI karatI hai to usake sarva AyAmI vikAsa kA dAyitva bhI nibhAtI hai| yahI vizva vyavasthA kA rahasya hai, vyakti kI zakti aura usa zakti ke saMcaya kA bhii| vyakti, vizva evaM anekAneka saMgaThanoM kI gatyAtmaka kArya praNAlI : vyakti, vizva evaM anekAneka saMgaThana-ye saba saMpUrNa vizva-vyavasthA ke bhAgIdAra haiN| ise eka udAharaNa se smjheN| kalpanA kareM ki vizva eka sabase bar3A golA hai| usa gole meM aneka madhyama AkAra ke gole haiM to asaMkhya choTe AkAra ke gole| ye gole (riMga TAIpa) aise haiM jo bar3e gole meM svataMtra rUpa se bhI cakkara lagAte rahate haiM to eka dUsare ke bhItara hokara bhI gujarate haiM / goloM kA yaha AvAgamana aura bhramaNa nirantara calatA rahatA hai| yaha jaba taka sahaja bhAva se calatA hai to koI vyavadhAna paidA nahIM hotA, lekina yadi ye goleM Apasa meM TakarAne lage athavA apane bhItara se gujarane ke mArga ko roka deM to bAdhAeM khar3I hotI haiN| bAdhAoM ko koI pasanda nahIM karatA hai aura unheM haTAnA cAhatA hai| taba Apasa kI lagAtAra TakkaroM se eka dUsare gole kSata-vikSata hote haiM to avadhi se pahale hI jarjara hone lagate haiN| ina TakkaroM meM choTe-bar3e gole TUTate rahate haiM aura matsya nyAya cala par3atA hai ki jo jitanA tAkatavara, vaha apane ye choTe goloM ko toDatA rahe. anazAsana samApta ho jAe aura arAjakatA phaila jaae| sthiti hada se bAhara bigar3a jAe to madhyama AkAra ke gole visphoTaka bana sakate haiM aura sabase bar3e gole ko ghAtaka hAni pahu~cA sakate haiN| aise meM asaMkhya hote hue bhI kaI bAra choTe gole durbala aura asahAya bana jAte haiN| paraMtu yaha sadA satya rahatA hai ki sArI vyavasthA kA krama phira se tabhI sucAru bana sakatA hai jaba choTe-choTe gole hI krama kI kar3iyoM ko Apasa meM jor3ane ke kaThina kAma meM juTate haiN| isa rUpaka ko vizva-vyavasthA para ghttaaiye| choTe gole kA rUpa hai vyakti aura vibhinna AkAra va prakAra ke saMgaThanoM (jAti, samAja, dharma, rAjya, mAnava sevA Adi aneka viSayoM se saMbaMdhita) ko madhyama AkAra ke gole maanleN| isa AkAra meM rAjya va rASTra kI sarakAroM athavA saMyukta rASTra saMgha jaise vRhadAkAra antarrASTrIya saMgaThanoM ko bhI zAmila kara leN| sabase bar3A golA vizva hI hai| vizvavyavasthA kA yahI pirAmiDa hai| ___ bar3e gole meM sabhI gole apanI-apanI maryAdAnusAra bhramaNa karate raheM to vikAsa kI zreNiyoM meM utthAna hotA rahatA hai, vyakti kA bhI aura vizva kA bhii| paraMtu saMpUrNa anuzAsana kaThina hotA hai, phira bhI eka sImA taka anuzAsanahInatA sahI jA sakatI hai| usake bAda avyavasthA aura anta meM 29

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sucaritram arAjakatA kI paristhiti sAmane AtI hai| aisI avasthA meM saccaritra vyaktiyoM kA satprayAsa Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| zAnti tathA sahayoga kA mArga hai mukta samparka, svataMtratA evaM lokataMtra : ___ choTe se AkAra va prakAra ke saMgaThanoM se lekara yadi bar3e se bar3e AkAra va prakAra ke saMgaThanoM ke bIca mukta evaM abAdhita saMparka rahe to vibhinna saMgaThanoM tathA unase jur3e vyaktiyoM ke bIca sahayoga kA vAtAvaraNa banatA hai| yaha sahayoga sabhI prakAra kA ho sakatA hai aura AdAna-pradAna kI isa pravRtti se jur3Ava sthAyitva grahaNa karatA hai| isase do prakAra ke lAbha hote haiN| pahalA yaha ki nIce se lekara Upara taka ke vyavasthA krama ko bhalI prakAra samajhane kA maukA sabhI staroM para sabhI ko milatA hai aura ve vyavasthA krama ko dRr3hatA pradAna karate haiN| dUsare, isa prakAra ke gahare saMparka se sahamati kI vaicArikatA kA vikAsa hotA hai tathA saMbaMdhita vyaktiyoM meM dAyitva kI bhAvanA ke sAtha zuddha naitikatA kA prasAra hotA hai jisase avyavasthA evaM arAjakatA ke khataroM kI AzaMkA nahIM rhtii| sabase bar3hakara lAbha yaha hotA hai ki sAmAnya logoM meM caritra kI zakti isa prakAra samunnata hotI jAtI hai jo padastha logoM ke liye eka kAragara aMkuza kA kAma detI hai| samasta samAja yA ki zanaiH zanaiH sakala vizva meM caritra saMpannatA kA sudRDhIkaraNa eka hakIkata banakara sAmane A sakatA hai| yaha sudRr3hIkaraNa hI sthAyI zAnti evaM sahayoga kA mArga prazasta karatA hai| vizva vyavasthA meM aisI paristhitiyAM sthira bana jAtI hai ki vyakti kA vikAsa evaM samAja kA abhyudaya vyavasthita rIti se nirantara calatA rhe| ___ yahAM yaha samajha lenA jarUrI hai ki jahAM vyaktigata jIvana meM Adarza ko prApta kara lenA dussAhasa bhale ho, para asAdhya nahIM hotA, vahAM sAmUhika jIvana meM Avazyaka hotA hai ki Adarza hamezA sAmane rahe tathA usa ora gati karate rahane kI preraNA milatI rhe| Azaya yaha ki Adarza ko samagra rUpa se prApti sAmUhika jIvana meM saMbhava nhiiN| yahI hakIkata vizva ke sAtha bhI samajhI jAnI caahiye| kabhI yaha saMsAra pUrI taraha badala jAegA aura sukha-samRddhi va zAMti meM svarga kA rUpa le legA-yaha AzA se adhika nhiiN| kintu AzA banI rahe to prabuddha evaM tyAgI kAryakartAoM kA zubha parivartana ke liye utsAha banA rahatA hai aura sAmAnya jana bhI adhikAdhika saMkhyA meM unase prabhAvita hokara apanI jIvanacaryA tadanusAra DhAlate rahate haiN| isakA yaha asara hotA hai ki vizva kI vyavasthA, usake anuzAsana tathA vyakti kI naitikatA evaM kSamatA kA stara Upara se Upara uThatA rahatA hai athavA kama se kama itanA to stara bana hI jAtA hai ki samAja ke kaMTaka tattva kahIM bhI avyavasthA kA vAtAvaraNa na banA skeN| yaha upalabdhi sAdhAraNa nahIM hotI, lekina isakI prApti sahaja nahIM to asAdhya bhI nhiiN| isa upalabdhi ke liye isa dRSTi se satata prayAsa kiyA jAe-yaha sarvathA jarUrI mAnA jaaegaa| eka satata sakriya abhiyAna caritranirmANa kI dizA meM calAye jAne kA yahI lakSya rahanA caahiye| isI lakSya ko thor3A aura spaSTa kara duuN| uccatama Adarza kI ora gati tathA usa kI prApti vyakti ke hI sAmarthya meM hai| kintu usakA mArga sahaja banAyA jA sake to kama sAmarthya vAle vyakti 30

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vizva racanA, vyavasthA kA paridRzya evaM saMtulana kI suI sahajatA se apane Adarza patha para Age bar3ha skeNge| samajheM ki eka AdamI aise rAste para cala rahA hai jo Ubar3a-khAbar3a hai, kAMToM aura kaMkar3oM se bharA hai usa para cala pAnA kitanA kaThina hogA? itanA ki vaha gati to pakar3a hI nahIM paayegaa| (apavAda ko chor3a de)| usa rAste kI jagaha agara pakkI DAmara yA sImeMTa kI sar3aka bana jAe to samartha hI nahIM, ardha samartha vyakti bhI usa para cala sakeMge aura sAmarthya ke anusAra gati bhI pakar3a skeNge| to aise kacce rAste ke sthAna para pakkI sar3aka banAne kA kAma lenA cAhiye caritranirmANa kA Andolana calAne vAloM ko| jaba eka Avazyaka stara eka vyakti kI naitikatA aura vizva kI vyavasthA rahegI to adhikatama vyakti apane Adarza ke carama lakSya ko prApta karane meM saphalatA kI AzA rakha skeNge| Aja vizva kI vyavasthA vizrRMkhalita ho rahI hai| isakA mUla kAraNa hai aneka staroM para kAryarata vyaktiyoM meM caritra kA abhaav| isa abhAva ko jaba saMtoSajanaka sImA taka dUra nahIM kiyA jAegA to vizva kI vyavasthA nahIM sudharegI aura usake anusAra vyaktiyoM ke vikAsa kI kSamatA kA bhI samucita rUpa se nirmANa nahIM hogaa| isa taraha yahI caritra nirmANa kI mUlabhUta apekSA hai| ___ mukta saMparka ke sAtha vyakti kI svataMtratA aura zAsana praNAlI meM lokataMtra kI sthApanA vizvavyavasthA ko pUrI majabUtI degii| pratibaMdhita saMparka sUtra phailAte haiM galata samajha, kaTutA, vaira aura hiMsA : mukta samparka ke sthAna para yadi vizva ke vividha ghaTakoM ke bIca saMparka pratibaMdhita hotA hai to sArA vAtAvaraNa ekadama viparIta ho jAtA hai| cAhe to rASTroM meM sainika yA adhinAyakavAdI sarakAreM hoM yA jAtivAdI saMgaThanoM ke bIca AkrAmakatA bane athavA sAmpradAyika saMsthAeM kaTTaratAvAda kA pracAra kare to usa dazA meM vyakti se lekara saMbaMdhita saMgaThana pArasparika saMparka para roka lagA dete haiM aura apanI-apanI mAnyatAoM para ar3a jAte haiN| pratibaMdhoM kI avasthA meM pahale galata samajha panapatI hai, aphavAhoM ko phailane meM madada milatI hai aura kaTutA kA vAtAvaraNa banatA hai| yahI kaTutA kaI kAraNoM se vaira meM badalatI hai jo hiMsA taka pahu~ca jAtI hai| isa hiMsA ke apane-apane stara para aneka rUpa hote haiM-jhagar3A, mArapITa, daMge, khUna-kharAbA aura rASTroM ke stara para yuddhoM kI vibhiissikaaeN| samparka TUTane para sadbhAva samApta hotA hai, kyoMki caritra kA AdhAra TUTatA hai aura jyoM-jyoM caritrahInatA kI pravRttiyA~ phailatI hai, tyoM-tyoM mAnavIya guNoM kA vinAza hotA hai| aise meM jaba vikAroM kI AMdhI calatI hai to hiMsA kI Aga bhar3ake binA nahIM rhtii| vyaktigata jIvana ke aneka pakSa tathA saMtulana kI suI vyakti ke hAtha : ___ vyakti eka hotA hai, kintu usakA jIvana bahupakSIya bana jAtA hai| parivAra meM hai to usake pArivArika saMbaMdha aura dAyitva hote haiN| gAMva-nagara kI vividha pravRttiyoM meM usakI bhAgIdArI hotI hai| jAti yA dharma ke saMgaThanoM meM bhI use apane kartavyoM kA nirvAha karanA hotA hai| rAjanIti meM hai to 31

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sucaritram 32 zAsana-prazAsana kA vaha aMga banatA hai| Arthika, sAmAjika athavA vividha viSayoM se saMbaMdhita saMsthAoM kI sadasyatA hai to tatsaMbaMdhI jimmedAriyAM nibhAnI hotI hai| vyApAra yA vyavasAya meM usakI gati hai to vahAM ke utAra-car3hAva ko use dhyAna meM rakhanA hotA hai| isa prakAra ke anyAnya kSetroM meM eka hI vyakti apanI alaga-alaga haisiyatoM meM kAma bhI karatA hai to saMbandhita jimmedAriyoM ko bhI nibhAtA hai| yaha hama jAna cuke haiM ki sAmUhika zakti kA pRthak rUpa se nirmANa hotA hai, phira bhI vyakti kI mahattA to rahatI hI hai| vyakti-vyakti ke bIca mukta saMparka ho, paristhitiyoM ko samajhane kA viveka ho tathA nijI svArthoM se Upara uTha kara bahujanahitAya kArya karane kI niHsvArtha bhAvanA ho to usakA varcasva sabhI stara kI saMsthAoM para jama jAtA hai aura taba vaha jimmedAra vyakti sarvatra kisI bhI sthiti ko janahita kI dRSTi se saMbhAlane meM sakSama bana jAtA hai / ataH sabhI paristhitiyoM meM vyavasthA ko . sucAru banAye rakhane meM vyakti kI bar3I bhUmikA rahatI hai / yahI bhUmikA usake hAtha meM saMtulana va navasarjana kI kuMjI bhI thamA detI hai / varcasva vAlA vyakti hI kisI bhI saMgha yA saMgaThana meM saMtulana banAye rakha sakatA hai| kisI bhI vyavasthA ko saphala siddha hone meM mukhyataH saMtulana kI hI darakAra hotI hai| saMtulita vyavasthA sucAru bhI hotI hai to sthira aura sudRr3ha bhI / vyaktigata jIvana ho athavA sAmUhika jIvana - donoM meM saMtulana kA viziSTa mahattva hotA hai / saMtulana biThAnA aura calAnA kisI bhI kalA se kama nhiiN| saMtulana hai - sama+tulana arthAta barAbara tolanA / saMtulana kA pratIka hai tarAjU, jo nyAya kA cihna mAnA jAtA hai| jahAM saMtulana hai, vahAM nyAya hai aura jahAM nyAya hai, vahAM samRddhi, sukha, zAnti saba kucha hai| saMtulita jIvana jaise zreSTha jIvana mAnA jAtA hai, vaise hI saMtulita vyavasthA jana-mana kalyANakArI hotI hai| vastutaH saMtulana kI kuMjI ve hI hAtha saphalatApUrvaka thAma sakate haiM jo caritrabala ke srota se jur3e hote haiN| saMtulana caritra kI kasauTI bhI hai| jaise kisI vyakti kA tApamAna tharmAmITara se mApA jAtA hai, usI prakAra caritra kA tharmAmITara lagAne se hI kisI bhI saMsthA tathA usakI saMtulita vyavasthA kA AbhAsa liyA jA sakatA hai| eka caritrazIla nAyaka hI kisI bhI saMsthA kI gatizIlatA meM saMtulana kI suI ko apane niyaMtraNa meM rakha sakatA hai to use vyApaka hita kI dRSTi se ghumA bhI sakatA hai| yoM vyakti kA mahattva bhI kama nahIM hotA / tabhI to dikhate haiM pratyeka vyakti ke apane-apane sUryamukhI aura apane-apane kekTasa sAmUhika niyaMtraka zakti ke uparAnta bhI vyakti kI apanI asmitA evaM svataMtratA kI mahattA sadA banI rahatI hai| vaha apanI zakti arpita karake samUha kA zakti-vardhana karatA hai, kintu mUla meM to zaktisrota usI kA hotA hai| sAmUhika gatividhiyoM ke bAvajUda bhI usakA apanA vyaktigata jIvana tathA usakI saphalatA-asaphalatA to rahatI hI hai aura use apanA karmaphala bhoganA hI hotA hai| vizva ke isa vizAla prAMgaNa meM tabhI to dikhAI dete haiM pratyeka vyakti ke apane-apane sUryamukhI

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vizva racanA, vyavasthA kA paridRzya evaM saMtulana kI suI (sukha) jo karmaphala ke sUcaka kahe jA sakate haiN| kaI prakAra ke sukha-duHkhoM kA kAraNa sAmUhika vyavasthA bhI ho sakatI hai, phira bhI vyakti kA apanA khuda kA lekhA-jokhA bhI hotA hI hai| isI kAraNa anyAnya dhArmika mAnyatAeM vyakti ke jIvana sudhAra para vizeSa bala detI hai| vaise bhI isa vizva ke vizAla prAsAda kI nIMva kI IMTa to vyakti hI hai ataH vyakti kI jIvanazailI kA prabhAva samagra vyavasthA para svAbhAvika rUpa se par3atA hI hai| vyakti kA AcaraNa jaisA hogA usakI pratichAyA samAja meM avazya dikhAI degii| yahI kAraNa hai ki vyakti ke caritra nirmANa ko sarvAdhika mahattva diyA jAtA hai| vyakti ko hI pahale apane bhItara baiThe vikAroM ke rAkSasa se lar3anA hogA : caritra-nirmANa kA artha hai ki vyakti hI pahale apane bhItara baiThe vikAroM ke rAkSasoM se lar3e aura usa para vijaya prApta kre| jaba taka vaha yaha vijaya prApta nahIM karatA, usakA yaha gumAna vyartha hai ki usane mahAsAgaroM ko, mahAzikharoM ko athavA mahAgrahoM ko jIta liyA hai| apane vikAroM ko naSTa karanA tathA apane Apako jItanA hI saccI sArthakatA hai| pratyeka yuga meM ve hI mahAvijetA mAne gaye haiM, jinhoMne apane AMtarika zatruoM ko samApta kiyA aura arihanta bane / vartamAna paristhitiyoM meM caritranirmANa kI anivArya AvazyakatA hai aura jaba vyakti isa dizA meM Age bar3hegA tabhI samAja meM bhI vAMchanIya parivartana kI AzA kI jA sakatI hai| isakA samAdhAna yahI ki vyakti apanI vaicArikatA ko badale aura usake AdhAra para apane AcaraNa meM badalAva lAve / yaha tabhI saMbhava hai jaba vaha apane bhItara jhAMke, apane guNa-doSoM kI parakha kare aura majabUtI ke sAtha vikAroM aura doSoM ko dUra kre| vyakti apane kAryoM kA karttA to hotA hI hai, lekina use apane kAryoM dRSTA bhI bananA par3egA, tAki vaha apane caritra nirmANa ke patha se bhaTaka na ske| yaha vikAroM kA rAkSasa kauna hai aura kaisA hai - yaha jarUra samajha liyA jAnA caahiye| sabhI prakAra ke vikAroM ko eka zabda meM kaheM to vaha hai svArtha aura bhItara ke rAkSasa ko svArtha kA rAkSasa mAna sakate haiN| vyakti apane svArthoM meM aMdhA banakara sabhI prakAra ke anAcAra aura atyAcAra karatA hai| svArtha hI anekAneka icchAoM tathA lAlasAoM ko janma detA hai jinake pIche bhAgate-bhAgate vyakti apanA amUlya mAnava jIvana nirarthaka hI naSTa kara detA hai| icchAeM AkAza ke samAna ananta hotI haiM (icchA hu AgAsasamA aNaMtiyA mahAvIra uttarA. a. 09) aura eka icchA kI pUrti karo to naI dasa icchAeM jAga jAtI haiN| eka kyA aneka jIvana bhI isa icchApUrti meM lagA die jAe taba bhI sabhI icchAoM kI pUrti saMbhava nahIM / ataH svArtha aura lAlasA manuSya kI sabase ghAtaka kamajoriyAM haiN| ina para vijaya caritranirmANa evaM caritragaThana se hI prApta kI jA sakatI hai| vizva evaM vyakti ke bIca jitanA adhika sAmaMjasya, vyavasthA utanI hI sucAru : samaya batAne vAlI ghar3I ko jAnate sabhI haiM, lekina usakI khUbI kI tarapha kama logoM kI hI najara gaI hogii| ghar3I kI bhItarI mazInarI meM choTe-choTe kaI darAMtedAra pahiye hote haiM, jo eka dUsare 33

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sucaritram pahiye kI darAMtoM se jur3ate hue calate rahate haiM aura niyamita samaya batAne kI kriyA karate haiN| jo khUbI hai vaha hai ina pahiyoM ke darAMtoM kii| jur3ane vAle pahiyoM ke darAMte agara Apasa meM ThIka se jur3ate hue calate rahate haiM to ghar3I meM koI kharAbI nahIM aatii| isakI jagaha agara kisI bhI eka pahiye kA sirpha eka hI darAMtA melajola kI jamAvaTa se bAhara nikala jAve to vaha sAtha ke pahiye ke darAMte se TakarA jAegA aura usa eka darAMte kI Takkara ke sAtha hI eka-eka karake sabhI pahiyoM ke sabhI darAMteM Apasa meM TakarA kara TUTa jAeMge aura ghar3I banda ho jaaegii| ghar3I ke udAharaNa ko vizva kI vyavasthA ke sAtha ghaTita kareM to yaha satya ubhara kara sAmane AegA ki vizva ke aneka saMgaThanoM tathA vyakti-vyakti ke bIca saMtulana bar3hatA jAegA aura sAmaMjasya bar3hatA rahegA to vizva-vyavasthA sucAru rUpa se calatI rhegii| darAMtA tIkhA hotA hai aura usI taraha tIkhA hotA hai vyakti kA daMbha 'igo', jo vibhinna saMsthAoM tathA vizva-vyavasthA ke mAdhyama se prakaTa hotA rahatA hai| darAMtoM kI taraha igo agara mela-jola ke sAtha vyavasthA kI ghar3I meM phiTa ho jAve to saba kucha ThIka clegaa| lekina agara igo Apasa meM TakarAne lage to sarvatra vivAda paidA hoMge, dvanda sAmane AeMge aura kaTutA ke sAtha vaira-virodha kI Aga bhar3akane lgegii| yahI kAraNa hai ki vyakti kI svataMtratA kI rakSA karate hue lokataMtrIya praNAlI se mukta saMparka kI kar3iyAM jur3I huI rakhI jAe to vyavasthA meM kAMTeM paidA nahIM hoNge| aisI vyavasthA kI sthAyI sucArutA ke liye caritra nirmANa ko gati denI hogI, caritra ke prati niSThA jagAnI hogI evaM caritra saMpannatA kI dizA meM bar3hanA hogaa|

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manuSya hI hai samasta vyavasthA kA sUtradhAra, saMcAlaka evaM saMvardhaka

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manuSya hI hai samasta vyavasthA kA sUtradhAra, saMcAlaka evaM saMvardhaka caritra nirmANa kA pramukha AdhAra : mana, manana, manujatya gAMva ke bAharI kinAre kI eka jhoMpar3I meM akelI eka lakar3ahArina rahatI thii| jo garIba bhI thI to atizaya vRddhA bhii| pAsa meM muTThI bhara anna ke sivAya cUlhA jalAne ko lakar3I taka na rahI to vaha lakar3I ke sahAre dhIredhIre pAsa ke jaMgala meM gii| vahA~ use eka sUkhA per3a dikhAI diyaa| usane AsAnI se per3a kI kaI zAkhAeM kATI aura unakI 'bhArI' bnaaii| per3a ke tane kI ora usa kI najara gaI to usake khokhale khaDDe meM use eka haMDiyA bhI dikhAI dii| bhArI usane sira para rakhI aura hAtha meM haMDiyA lekara apanI jhoMpar3I para lauTa aaii| eka patalI lakar3I ke Tukar3e karake usane apanA cUlhA jalAyA aura sAtha lAI haMDiyA meM anna ko ubalane ke liye car3hA diyaa| jhoMpar3I ke sAmane se eka vivekazIla seThajI gujara rahe the, tabhI vahAM phailI huI sugaMdha se unakA tana-mana vibhora ho utthaa| unhoMne anumAna lagAyA ki yaha mugdhakArI sugaMdha usI jhoMpar3I se A rahI hai| utsukatAvaza unhoMne usa jhopar3I meM praveza kiyaa| unakI pArakhI AMkhoM se kucha bhI chipA huA na raha skaa| unhoMne dekhA ki bAvane candana kI lakar3I cUlhe meM jala rahI hai aura usI se uTha 35

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sucaritram rahI hai vaha mugdhakArI sugNdh| cUlhe para jo haMDiyAM car3hI hai, vaha koI sAmAnya haMDiyAM nahIM, eka ratnajaTita haMDiyAM hai jisake tarala prakAza se pUrI jhoMpar3I jagamagA rahI hai| vaha dRzya unheM anupama lgaa| kintu unheM yaha samajhane meM bhI dera nahIM lagI ki vaha vRddhA una donoM virala padArthoM ke mUlya se anajAna hai| yaha spaSTa thA ki vaha apane ajJAna ke kAraNa hI candana aura ratnoM kA durupayoga kara rahI thii| unhoMne saralatA ke sAtha vRddhA ko pUchA-'Apako yaha lakar3I aura haMDiyA kahAM milI?' vaha bolI-'beTA! ghara meM kucha nahIM bacA so jaMgala meM gaI thI jahAM yaha thor3I-sI sUkhI lakar3I hI milI aura yaha haMDiyAM bhii| lakar3I jyAdA nahI thI so bAjAra meM becane ke liye nahIM le gaI, ghara meM hI jalAne ko rakha lii| haMDiyAM ThIka lagI so isI meM yaha thor3A sA anna ubAlane ko rakha diyA hai|' sArI rAma kahAnI sunakara seThajI ne usa ajJAnI vRddhA ko rahasya kI bAta batAI-'mAM jI!, yaha lakar3I candana kI hai, sAdhAraNa nahIM aura isakI Apako sau svarNamudrAeM mila sakatI hai| lekina yaha haMDiyAM to ratnoM kI hai jisakA mola karor3oM svarNamudrAeM haiN| inako pAkara Apa garIba nahIM rahI, arabapati ho gaI haiN|' vRddhA lakar3ahArina ko karor3oM-araboM kA hisAba to samajha meM nahIM AyA, lekina itanA vaha samajha gaI ki usake pAsa ye donoM vastueM bahuta kImatI haiN| usane seThajI kA AbhAra prakaTa kiyA aura una donoM vastuoM kA durupayoga usI kSaNa roka diyaa| Apa apane mana ko TaToliye ki Apa kyA haiM ajJAnI lakar3ahArina yA vivekavAna seTha jI? aba bhI Apa na samajhe hoM aura socane lageM ki hamAre pAsa kaunasI ratnoM kI haMDiyAM aura bAvanA candana par3A huA hai ki hamase aisA pUchA jAe? lekina Apako jo prApta hai vaha to ratnoM kI haMDiyA se bhI kaI guNa mUlyavAna hai balki amUlya hai| aba bhI Apako samajha meM na AyA ho to maiM batA dUM ki ApakI vaha amUlya prApti hai ApakA mAnava tana aura mAnava jiivn| aba Apa pahale prazna kA uttara dene kI sthiti meM haiM na? to batAiye ki Apa vRddhA lakar3ahArina kI taraha vyavahAra kara rahe haiM yA vivekavAna seTha jI jaisA Apako jJAna hai? ____ abhiprAya yaha hai ki yaha mAnava tana aura mAnava jIvana amUlya hai aura isakA yadi sadupayoga kiyA jAe to kalpanAtIta upakAra ho sakatA hai| durupayoga kI sthiti meM to na sirpha isa amUlya nidhi kA sarvanAza hotA hai balki isako hathiyAra banA kara saMsAra ke sarvanAza kI rAha bhI banAI jA sakatI hai| AvazyakatA hai isa amUlya prApti kA mahattva jAnane kI aura tadanusAra mAnava jIvana ko satpatha para lagAne kI, tAki yaha mAnava-tana sva-para kalyANa kA prakhara sAdhana bana jaae| mAnava tana evaM jIvana kI sArthakatA hai mAnavatA ko AtmasAt karane meM: mAnava tana aura jIvana svayaM meM sArthaka nahIM, kyoMki inakI sArthakatA isa satya meM nihita hai ki mAnava apane jJAna evaM AcaraNa se mAnavatA ko AtmasAta kre| yadi mAnava hokara mAnavatA kI vatti aura pravRtti nahIM hai to use zuddha artha meM mAnava kahanA bhI ucita nhiiN| mAnavatA ke abhAva meM tana se 36

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manuSya hI hai samasta vyavasthA kA sUtradhAra, saMcAlaka evaM saMvardhaka dikhane vAlA mAnava vAstava meM mAnava jIvana kA dhAraka nahIM bntaa| isI dRSTi se mAnavatA kI upalabdhi ko durlabha kahA gayA hai| mAnavatA kA udaya evaM vikAsa ho, taba hI zAstroM, sadgraMthoM evaM jIvana nirmANa kI sAmagrI ko sunane, samajhane tathA usa para cintana manana kA abhyAsa hotA hai aura usake bAda sacce dharma evaM mAnavIya kartavyoM ke prati niSThA banatI hai| yahI niSThA mAnava ko caritrazIla banane tathA sadAcAra kA pAlana karane kI saphala preraNA pradAna karatI hai| yoM ye cAroM prAptiyAM durlabha kahI gaI hai (kammANaM tu pahANAe, ANupuvvI kayAi u| jIvA sohimaNupattA, Ayayanti mnnussyN|-uttraadhyyn, 3/7) / niSkarSa yaha hai ki durlabhatA, mAnava tana milane ke bAda manuSyatva kI mAnI gaI hai, kyoMki mAnava tana to eka sAdhana mAtra hai aura sAdhana kA sadupayoga na kiyA jAe to vaha lAbhaprada nahIM bntaa| yaha tana nirupayogI rahA to vyartha huA aura yadi isakA durupayoga kiyA to yaha bhArI hAni kA kAraNa bhI bana sakatA hai| mAnava tanadhArI eka cora bhI hotA hai jo chala pUrvaka dUsaroM kA dhana Adi curA kara anekoM ko du:khI karatA hai| mAnava tanadhArI eka kasAI bhI hai jo pratidina nRzaMsatA pUrvaka nirIha prANiyoM ke prANaharaNa kara apanA dhaMdhA calAtA hai| yaha manuSya hI sAmrAjyavAdI banakara rASTroM ko dAsatA kI ber3iyoM meM jakar3atA hai to sattAlolupa banakara rAjanIti ko dhana, bAhubala aura aparAdhoM para TikAne kI kuceSTA karatA hai| mAnava tanadhAriNI vezyA bhI hotI hai jo apane zarIra, rUpa aura yauvana kA vyApAra calAtI hai| eka nahIM, anekoM udAharaNa dikhAI deMge jahAM isa amUlya mAnava tana kA durupayoga kiyA jA rahA hai| manuSya zarIra prApta huA, jo prAptakartA evaM pUre saMsAra ke liye eka varadAna bananA cAhiye thA aura yadi use hI abhizApa kA rUpa de diyA gayA to sabako usa abhizApa ke chIMTe jhelane par3ate haiN| isaliye mAnava tana kI taba taka koI vizeSatA nahIM, jaba taka manuSyatva kI prApti na ho| vizeSatA hotI hai manuSyatva kii| saccA manuSyatva manuSya ko deha-darzana se Upara uThAkara Atma-darzana evaM vizva-darzana kI bhUmikA pradAna karatA hai| saMsAra kI samasta jIvAtmAoM meM apanatva kA darzana hI vAstavika mAnava darzana hai| jaba sva meM sarva ko aura sarva meM sva ko dekhane kA abhyAsa banatA hai, tabhI mAnavatA dhanya hotI hai| aisA manuSyatva durlabha hI nahIM, mahAdurlabha kahA jAnA caahiye| jaba jIvana meM manuSyatva kA bhAva AtmasAt nahIM hotA, taba manuSya anyAya, atyAcAra, aparAdha, zoSaNa, damana Adi kukRtyoM ke prapaMca meM par3atA hai aura apane svArthoM ke liye mAnavatA kA hatyArA banatA hai| vaha apane kukRtyoM se svargopama isa saMsAra ko naraka kA namUnA banA detA hai| ajJAnI pazu to phira bhI dUdha, ghI, bhAra vahana Adi sevAoM se mAnava samAja kA yathocita upakAra karatA hai kintu mAnavatA vihIna manuSya pazuoM se bhI gayA gujarA jIvana vyatIta karatA hai| ataH manuSyatva kA parama vikAsa sAdhane ke liye (1) satyA satya kA viveka prApta kareM, (2) samyag jJAna, darzana evaM cAritra ko apanAveM, (3) sarva bandhanoM ko kATane ke liye puruSArtha niyojita kare evaM

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sucaritram (4) sabhI kSetroM meM pUrNa svataMtra bane tathA svataMtratA kA anyatama vistAra kreN| Apa kisa prakAra ke mAnava bananA pasanda kareMge? : ___ mAnava jIvana ko cAra prakAra kI zreNiyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai(1) eka mAnava jIvana vaha hai jo caritra evaM sadAcAra ke svarUpa ko jAnatA, pahacAnatA to hai, parantu na sadAcAra kA AcaraNa karatA hai aura na hI caritrazIla banane kA prytn| (2) dUsarA vaha hai jo sadAcAra kA AcaraNa to karatA hai, paraMtu caritra evaM sadAcAra kA samyaka svarUpa __ bhalI-bhAMti nahIM jAnatA hai| usakA AcaraNa, jJAna vihIna hai| (3) tIsarA vaha hai jo sadAcAra ke svarUpa ko acchI taraha se jAnatA, pahacAnatA hai tathA tadanusAra AcaraNa bhI karatA hai| (4) cauthA mAnava jIvana vaha hai ki jo na to sadAcAra kA sahI svarUpa jAnatA, pahacAnatA hai aura na sadAcAra kA AcaraNa hI karatA hai| vaha jJAnahIna bhI hai aura AcaraNahIna bhI hai| mAnava jIvana ke ina cAra prakAroM meM kevala tIsare prakAra kA mAnava jIvana hI sArthaka evaM sarvazreSTha hai jo mAnavatA ke jJAna evaM caritra donoM se susaMpanna hai| jIvana meM kisI bhI prakAra kI saphalatA aura mukhya rUpa se bhAvanAtmaka evaM AdhyAtmika saphalatA usI mAnava ko prApta hotI hai, jisake pAsa jJAna ke netra hoM aura AcaraNa ke paira, phira usake mAnavatA ko AtmasAt karane ke patha kI bAdhA koI bhI zakti nahIM bana sktii| mAnavatA evaM caritrazIlatA eka dUsare ke sAdhya aura sAdhana hote haiN| aura jo mAnava ina sadguNoM se apane jIvana ko sajA letA hai, usakA vyaktitva asAdhAraNa prabhAva kA dhanI bana jAtA hai| vyakti aura vyaktitva kA saMbaMdha phUla aura sugaMdha ke saMbaMdha jaisA hai| eka DAla para gulAba kA phUla khilatA hai to usakI bhInI-bhInI sugaMdha cAroM ora phaila jAtI hai aura Ane-jAne vAloM ko apanI ora AkarSita karatI hai| vaha gulAba apane saundarya evaM mAdhurya kA unmukta bhAva se vitaraNa karatA hai| vaha sirpha denA cAhatA hai, apane liye kucha bhI bacAtA nhiiN| to yahI gulAba kA vyaktitva hotA hai| isI prakAra parivAra, grAma, nagara, rASTra yA kisI bhI saMgha yA saMgaThana kI DAlI para mAnoM mAnavatA se yukta eka mAnava kA jIvana puSpita hotA hai to usake caritrazIla jIvana kI sugaMdha usake kSetra meM cAroM ora phailatI hai aura vaha janajana ke mana ko zreSTha sugaMdha se AplAvita karake lokapriya bana jAtA hai| tyAga jitanA pragAr3ha hogA utanA hI usakA vyaktitva sarvajanahitakArI bhI hogA to sarvajanapriyakArI bhii| denA, tyAganA, nyauchAvara karanA, visarjita honA-ye saba mAnavatApUrNa vyaktitva ke lAkSaNika cihna haiN| mana se hI manuSya hai jo varadAna bhI hai to abhizApa bhI bana sakatA hai : manuSya kA mana eka capala azva ke samAna hotA hai jo calatA yA daur3atA nahIM, havA se bAteM karatA hai| azva tIvragAmI hai to phira azvArohI kA bhI utanA hI kuzala honA anivArya hai| agara ghur3asavAra utanA hI tejatarrAra na huA to kyA natIjA hogA, Apa samajha sakate haiM? savAra kAThI para majabUtI se 38

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manuSya hI hai samasta vyavasthA kA sUtradhAra, saMcAlaka evaM saMvadhapada TikA huA nahIM raha pAegA to lar3akhar3AtA rahegA yA phira ghor3e kI pITha se hI use uchAla diyA jAegA ki vaha kSata-vikSata ho jaae| isakA dUsarA pahalU bhI samajha liijie| yadi ghor3A dubalA aura mariyala huA to savArI kA koI majA nahIM rhegaa| savAra usase koI khAsa dUrI bhI pAra nahIM kara skegaa| ataH apekSA yaha kI jAtI hai ki ghor3A to kulAMce bharane vAlA hI ho, para savAra bhI usake mutAbika apane Apako teja tarrAra bnaale| phira savArI kA majA to AyegA hI, para lambI-lambI dUriyoM ko AsAnI se pAra kara lenA bhI saMbhava ho jaaegaa| manuSya ko apane jIvana meM unnati kI lambI dUriyA~ hI to pAra karanI hai aura usameM mana kA yoga mile to kahanA hI kyA? sabhI dharma pravartakoM ne mana kI jIta ko ati kaThina kahA hai| zrIkRSNa ne kahA hai ki mana ko jItanA bar3A kaThina hai, kyoMki mana vAyu ke samAna caMcala hai (caMcala hi manaH kRSNa, vAyuriva sudusskr-giitaa)| buddha kahate haiM ki saba dharma, saba vRttiyAM aura saba saMskAra pahale mana meM hI paidA hote haiM (mano putvaMgamA chaMdA, manoseTThA manobhayA-dhammapada 1/1) / mahAvIra ne mana ke donoM pahaluoM para prakAza DAlA hai ki mana duSTa ghor3e jaisA dussAhasika hai (maNo sAhassio bhImo duTThasso paridhAvaIuttarAdhyayana, 23) / mana jaisA koI zatru nahIM, lekina mana ke samAna ananya mitra bhI koI nhiiN| mana hI kI sArI sRSTi hai| mana utsAhita hai to duniyA raMgIna-saba kucha AnandAyaka aura mana udAsa to jaise saba ora zoka chAyA huA ho| mana ke jIte jIta hai, mana ke hAre haar| mana manuSya ke sAtha hI-savAla itanA hI hai ki manuSya mana kA svAmI bane, use apane viveka aura Adeza se calAve yA vaha mana ke adhIna hokara biyAvAna meM bhaTaka jaae| ghor3e ko apane kAbU meM rakhA jAegA to vaha varadAna hai-kahIM bhI kabhI-bhI nizcinta hokara cala par3o, maMjila taka pahuMcakara hI rukoge| vahI ghor3A abhizApa ho jAegA jo usa para kAbU nahIM rakha pAe-taba usakI pITha para savAra hone kI bajAya usa ke pAMvoM se baMdhe ghisaTate rahoge aura apane ko lahuluhAna banA loge| yahI mana aura manuSya ke bIca kA saMbaMdha hai| mana varadAna to hai hI paraMtu apanI kamajorI se use abhizApa se bhI badatara banA loge| mana kI gati ko rokie nahIM, gati ko gaMtavya kI ora bar3hAie : * lomar3I aMgUra ke gucche taka nahIM pahuMca sakI aura aMgUra nahIM pA sakI to usane kaha diyA-aMgUra khaTTe haiN| lekina aMgUra hakIkata meM khaTTe thor3e hI the| lomar3I ne apanI azakyatA kI gAja mIThe aMgUroM ke sira para girA dii| aisI hI kucha vicArakoM ne mana ke viSaya meM apanI rAya banAI hogI-kaI bAra aisA AbhAsa hotA hai| mana capala azva ke samAna caMcala hai aura usakI gati tIvra hai-yaha sahI hai, kiMtu kyA isa vicAra ko sahI mAnA jAe ki usake liye mana kI gati ko roka do (yogazca citta vRtti nirodhaH pAtaMjali kA yogazAstra )? ghor3e kI cAla para kAbU nahIM pAyA jA rahA hai to use astabala meM bAMdhakara khar3A kara do-kyA kisI kamajora savAra kA yaha phaisalA ucita mAnA jA sakatA hai? zAyada hai loga usa savAra kI haMsI ur3AveM aura salAha deM ki ghor3e ko bAMdha kara khar3A mata karo, balki khuda ko usa arabI ghor3e para savArI karane lAyaka bnaao| Apa koI eka acchI mazIna lAe aura use calAnA na Ana sake to kyA usa kImatI mazIna ko kacare meM phaiMka deMge? aisA nahIM kareMge, 39

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eka balki hara upAya se use calAnA sIkheMge aura mazIna kI pUrI kSamatA taka use calA kara bharapUra lAbha utthaaeNge| aisA hI vicAra mana ke liye bhI manuSya ko banAnA caahiye| mana kI gati ko na to rokie aura na hI ghaTAie, balki apane ko kuzala niyaMtraka evaM nirdezaka ghur3asavAra banA kara mana kI apAra zaktiyoM ke sAtha apane jIvana patha ko sugama evaM saphala bnaaie| ___ yahI satya sva. upAdhyAya zrI amara muni jI ma.sA. ne apanI ojasvI lekhanI se suspaSTa kiyA hai-'vicArakoM kI zikAyata hai ki mana bar3A caMcala hai| kintu maiM pUchatA hU~ ki yaha zikAyata aisI hI to nahIM hai ki havA kyoM calatI hai? agni kyoM jalatI hai? pAnI kyoM barasatA hai? sUrya kyoM tapatA hai? havA sthira kyoM nahIM ho jAtI? agni ThaMDI kyoM nahIM bana jAtI? pAnI rUka kyoM nahIM jAtA? sUrya zItalatA kyoM nahIM detA? dila dhar3akanA (gatizIlatA) banda kyoM nahIM kara detA? pratyeka vastu kA apanA dharma hotA hai, svabhAva hotA hai| havA kA dharma calanA hai, agni kA dharma jalanA hai aura mana kA dharma manana karanA hai| mana hai to manana hai| manana hai to manuSya hai| mana jaba manana karegA to gatizIlatA AegI hI, sakriyatA AegI hii| mana se zikAyata hai to kyA Apa eka indriya Adi binA mana vAle (asaMjJI) ho jAte to acchA hotA? na rahatA bAMsa, na bajatI bAMsurI! mana hI nahIM hotA to caMcalatA bhI nahIM hotii| bAta vastutaH yaha hai ki mana koI parezAnI aura duvidhA kI cIja nahIM hai| yaha to eka bahuta bar3I upalabdhi hai, mahAn puNya se prApta hone vAlI durlabha nidhi hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA haibahuta bar3e puNya kA jaba udaya hotA hai to mana kI prApti hotI hai| samyag-darzana kisako prApta hotA hai? saMjJI ko yA asaMjJI ko? jisake pAsa mana nahIM, kyA vaha samyag dRSTi ho sakatA hai? nahIM n| samyag dRSTi kI zreSThatama upalabdhi mana vAle ko hI ho sakatI hai| yaha Apa mAnate haiM, to phira mana Apake liye duvidhA kI vastu kyoM hai? use aisA bhUta kyoM samajhate haiM ki jo jabaradastI Apake pIche laga gayA hai? mere baMdhuo! yaha to vaha devatA hai , jisake liye bar3I-bar3I sAdhanAeM karanI par3atI hai| phira bhI mana ko mArane kI bAta kyoM? niSkarSa yaha hai ki mana jaisI amUlya upalabdhi kA Atmonnati meM pUrA-pUrA upayoga kiijie| usakI gati ko na rokie, na ghaTAie, balki manana kI zakti ko itanI bar3hA lIjie ki gaMtavya taka pahuMcanA sarala, sugama evaM zIghra prApya bana jaae| mAnava-mana meM calatA rahatA hai devAsura saMgrAma pala-pratipala : paurANika varNana ki devAsura saMgrAma calatA rahA jisakA eka dRzya samudra maMthana ke rUpa meM sAmane AyA aura usameM se nikale ratnoM ke baMTavAre ke samaya devatAoM aura rAkSasoM ke bIca cala rahA saMgharSa ugratara huaa| yaha devAsura saMgrAma mAnava mana meM pala-pratipala calatA hI rahatA hai| isa saMgrAma kA ahasAsa pratyeka vivekavAn mAnava kara sakatA hai, kyoMki isake liye dRSTA bhAva kI jarUrata hotI hai| dRSTA banane kA artha hai svayaM apane bhItara jhAMkanA, jhAMkate rahanA aura mana ke saMkalpa-vikalpoM kA lekhA-jokhA lenA, unakA vizleSaNa karanA aura unakI gati meM saMzodhana lAkara zuddhatA kA svarUpa denaa| isa sArI prakriyA ko samajhanA caahiye| mana ke saMkalpa-vikalpoM ke tIna rUpa hote haiM AL

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manuSya hI hai samasta vyavasthA kA sUtradhAra, saMcAlaka evaM saMvardhaka (1)eka vaha rUpa jaba mana manuSya ko calAtA hai aura manuSya bebhAna hokara usake pIche-pIche daur3atA-bhAgatA rahatA hai usa dizA meM pAMcoM indriyAM jahAM ko zAha ko cora' aisI gati manuSya ko krUra rAkSasatva kI ora le jAtI hai| rAkSasa yA devatA sabase pahale isa mana meM hI rahate haiN| manuSya aMdhA banakara jaba kAma, bhoga, svArtha meM DUbatA hai aura usake liye anyAya, anAcAra va atyAcAra karatA hai taba vahI manuSya rAkSasa bana jAtA hai| (2) dUsarA rUpa mana kA vaha hai jaba manuSya apane jIvana kI maryAdAoM ke pAlana meM apane mana kA pUrA sahayoga pAtA hai| isakA artha hai ki mana manuSya ko nahIM calAtA, manuSya apane mana ko calAtA hai| donoM ekarUpa banakara unnati patha para gati karate haiN| jaise ratha aura rathI saMyukta raha kara mArga meM daur3ate haiM, vahI rUpa manuSya aura mana kA ho jAtA hai| mAnavIya guNoM se jIvana jaba sajjita hotA hai taba manuSyatva kA yathArtha rUpa prakaTa hotA hai| (3) mana kA (yA mana manuSya kA) tIsarA rUpa devatva kA hotA hai| tyAga kI zreNI meM jaba itanI uccastha sthiti bana jAtI hai ki mana aura manuSya paramArthI bana jAte haiM-usake liye apanA sarvasva taka tyAga dene ko udyata ho jAte haiM taba vahI manuSya devatA bana jAtA hai| jo sirpha denA jAnatA hai vahI to devatA kahalAtA hai| yoM manuSya hI apane mana kI gatinIti ke anusAra rAkSasa, manuSya aura devatA ke rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai| manuSya yadi apane mana kI zakti ko saheje aura mana ko apane sAdhya kI ora unmukha banAve to pahale vaha rAkSasa kA rUpa dharanA kataI banda kara degA aura manuSya apane svabhAva evaM svarUpa ko jvalanta banAne ke liye kaTibaddha ho jaaegaa| mAnavatA ko sone kA sA nikhAra de degaa| sone kA vaha nikhAra jaba kundana kI damaka letA hai taba mAnanA cAhiye ki manuSya kA mana divyatA kI dizA meM Age bar3ha rahA hai-deva bana rahA hai| yaha tathya hai ki isa mAnava ke mana meM, tana meM va jIvana meM atha se iti taka, pauruSa se niyati taka, anubhava se pratIti taka, kalpanA se kRti taka, asthiratA se sthiti taka, gAta se gati taka, moha se mati taka, timira se jyoti taka pala-pratipala cala rahA hai devAsura saMgrAma / manuSya ke mana kI aura mana ke mAdhyama se manuSya kI zakti sarvopari hotI hai| vaha saMkalpabaddha ho jAe to vaha asuroM kA nAza kara sakatA hai, manuSyatva ko camakA sakatA hai aura devoM kA siramaura bana sakatA hai isIliye to kahA hai ki jisakA mana dharma meM lagA rahatA hai usako deva bhI namaskAra karate haiN| (dhammo maMgala mukkiTheM, ahiMsA saMjamo tvo| devA vi taM NamaMsati, jassa dhamme sayA maNo-dazavaikAlika sUtra 1/1) / karaNIya yaha hai ki mana yA citta kI gati niruddha na karake use saMzodhita kI jaae| usakI gati meM zuddhatA aura pavitratA lAI jAe, yoga ko 'cittavRtti saMzodhaH' kA mAdhyama banAyA jAe, nirodha kA nhiiN| sva. AcArya zrI nAneza kA spaSTa mata rahA ki 'pracalita yoga vidyAoM meM yoga ko jisa rUpa meM paribhASita kiyA gayA hai, jisameM pAtaMjali yoga zAstra meM paribhASA dI gaI hai ki 'yogazcittavRtti nirodhaH' arthAta citta kI vRttiyoM kA nirodha karanA-yaha paribhASA pUrNa nahIM hai| kyoMki citta kI vRttiyoM kA nirodha na to saMbhava hai aura na hI aavshyk| vRttiyoM kI kriyAzIlatA nirantara banI rahatI 41

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sucaritram hai-unheM rokane kA na sAmarthya hai, na arth| kAraNa vaha kriyAzIlatA hI to jIvana hai| ataH zrImad hemacandrAcArya kI yoga kI paribhASA gaharAI se vicArane yogya hai, jinhoMne kahA hai ki kliSTa vRtti nirodha arthAt kaluSita vRttiyoM kA nirodha kiyA jaae| citta kI una vRttiyoM ko rokeM jinakA rUpa kaluSa se bharA huA hai-azubha hai| kliSTa vRtti nirodha rUpa yoga sAdhanA se vRttiyoM kA svarUpa badalanA hogA-unheM kaluSitatA se mukta banAkara ujjvalatA kA rUpa denA hogaa| ataH yoga sAdhanA ko 'vRtti nirodha' na kahakara 'vRtti saMzodha' kahanA samucita rhegaa| [sarvamaMgala sarvadA (pravacana saMgraha) adhyAya 4 vRtti saMzodha dvArA AcArya zrI nAneza] / __ sArabhUta satya yaha hai ki manuSya apane mana kI gati ko rokeM nahIM, use aura tIvra banAve, lekina niyaMtraNa apanA rakheM aura mana ke AvaraNa ko zaddha aura pavitra bnaave| kATha ke ghoDe para baiThakara gati kA bhrama banAnA nAdAna kA kAma hai| vivekI manuSya to ati caMcala azva kA ArohI banakara use pavitratA ke unnata patha para Age baDhA detA hai| caritra saMpanna vyaktitva hI mana ko niyaMtrita, prerita evaM samunnata banAtA hai : __ aksara loga kahA karate haiM ki unakA mana kahIM bhI lagatA nahIM hai yA ki mana ukhar3A-ukhar3A rahatA hai athavA mana ko kisI bhI kAma meM rasa nahIM AtA hai| ina saba zikAyatoM kA eka matalaba hotA hai ki mana meM eka taraha kI becainI hai| isa becainI kA kAraNa khojanA jarUrI hai| becainI kaI kAraNoM se ho sakatI hai jaise sakriyatA kA abhAva, dizAhInatA, icchA yA lAlasA kI pUrti kA nahIM honA Adi, lekina sabase mahatvapUrNa kAraNa hotA hai caritrahInatA yA sacce caritra kA abhaav| caritra nahIM arthAt AcaraNa nahIM aura AcaraNa ke binA koI bhI upalabdhiyAM kahAM milatI hai? isa dRSTi se mana kI becainI ko samajhanA jarUrI hai, kyoMki isI se mana kI aneka samasyAeM paidA hotI hai| kabhI-kabhI samasyAeM itanI ugra ho jAtI hai ki manocikitsA kI AvazyakatA uTha khar3I hotI hai| mana bImAra rahe to tana ko bhI bImAriyA~ laga jAtI hai| isa kAraNa mana ke svAsthya kI ora turaMta dhyAna denA caahiye| mana na to rogI bananA cAhiye aura na hI shithil| use hamezA kriyAzIla banAye rkheN| isake liye Avazyaka aura sahI kAma meM rasa (ruci) paidA karanA hogA tAki mana usameM niyojita ho jaae| mana ko kAryarata banAye rakhane kA kAma eka caritra saMpanna vyaktitva hI saphalatA pUrvaka saMpanna kara sakatA hai| caritrabala ke sAtha mana ko niyaMtrita karane aura niyaMtrita banAye rakhane, samunnati kI dizA meM mana ko prerita karane evaM protsAhita banAne tathA pragati ke mArga para mana ko agrasara rakhane meM tvarita evaM nizcita saphalatA milatI hai| mana rasa pallavita tabhI hotA hai jaba usa kArya meM AsthA aura zraddhA kA pragAr3ha bhAva rahA huA hai| manuSya kI amuka kAma meM yadi gaharI ruci aura dRr3ha AsthA ho to usa kA mana usa kAma ke rasa meM itanA Daba jAegA ki mana ko lagAne kI manuSya ko koI koziza taka nahIM karanI pddegii| upaniSadoM meM yahAM taka kahA gayA hai ki koI bhI lakSya yA sAdhya kyA, svayaM Izvaratva bhI rasa-rUpa hai| tabhI to manuSya jahAM kahIM bhI rasa pAtA hai to usameM nimagna ho jAtA hai, Ananda-svarUpa bana jAtA hai (raso vai 42

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manuSya hI hai samasta vyavasthA kA sUtradhAra, saMcAlaka evaM saMvardhaka saH rasa hyovAyaM labdhvAnandI bhavatiH-taittirIya upaniSad, 2/7 ) / sadhe hue mana ke sAtha manuSya vyavasthA ke eka-eka sUtra ko sAdha letA hai : ___ manuSya ke mana kA svabhAva madhumakkhI jaisA hotA hai| madhumakkhI ko sirpha phUloM kA rasa cAhiyerasa ke alAvA usakI anya koI pasanda nhiiN| jisa phUla se use rasa milane kI saMbhAvanA dikhAI detI hai, usI phUla kI ora vaha bar3hatI hai aura pakkI jAMca-parakha karane ke liye kucha samaya taka usake Upara maMDarAtI rahatI hai| phira gunagunAte hue vaha phUla para baiThatI hai aura rasa khIMcatI hai, lekina kitanA? usakI tRpti ho jAe aura phUla ko koI kSati na pahuMce-sirpha utanA hI rasa vaha grahaNa karatI hai| (Na ya puSpaM kilAmei so ya pINei appayaM-dazavai0 a0 1) usako koI lobha-lAlaca nahIM hotA ataH saMcaya kA savAla hI nhiiN| jo rasa vaha apane chatte taka le jAtI hai vaha choTI-azakta madhumakkhiyoM ke poSaNa ke lie hii| mUla svabhAva kI dRSTi se manuSya kA mana bhI aisA hI hotA hai| usakA jo vikRta rUpa sthAna-sthAna para dikhAI detA hai, vaha vAtAvaraNa kA kuprabhAva hai| isa kuprabhAva ko dekhate hue hI mana ko sAdhane kI preraNA dI jAtI hai| mana ko sAdho yAnI usake mUla svabhAva ko punaH prApta kara lo| mUla svabhAva meM sthita ho jAne para use sadhA huA mana mAnA jAtA hai| ___ aise sadhe hue mana ke sAtha jaba manuSya kisI bhI stara kI vyavasthA kA sUtrapAta karatA hai to usa vyavasthA meM zata-pratizata zuddhatA rahatI hai| sadhe hue mana kA dhAraka manuSya vastutaH sAdhaka hotA hai tathA sAdhaka kisI bhI vyavasthA kA sUtrapAta karatA hai tA vaha usake eka-eka sUtra ko isa kuzalatA se saMvAratA hai ki usameM azaddhatA kA tanika bhI aMza na A ske| vyavasthA kA krama aisA bhI hotA hai ki sAdhaka ke sAmane kaI bAra eka vizeSa prakAra kI samasyA AtI hai| vaha samasyA hotI hai kaI vikalpoM meM se eka kA cunaav| kabhI-kabhI kaI vikalpoM se lar3ane kA prayatna karate-karate vaha unameM aura adhika ulajha bhI jAtA hai| kintu kaisA bhI saMgharSa ho, eka sadhA huA mana antataH vikalpoM se sulajhatA hI nahIM balki vyavasthA ko nayA nikhAra bhI de detA hai| grAma stara kI vyavasthA ho athavA vizva stara kI-manuSya hI prathamataH aura antataH usa vyavasthA kA sUtradhAra hotA hai| vyavasthA kA sUtrapAta adhikAMzataH zuddha isa kAraNa hotA hai ki manuSya mUlataH satsvabhAvI hotA hai aura uttaradAyitvapUrNa vyavasthA kI sthApanA ke samaya usameM eka nayA utsAha ubharatA hai ki sucAru vyavasthA se usake vyaktitva ko bhI janapriyatA milegii| usa kSaNa usake hRdaya meM azubha vRttiyA~ ho taba bhI zubha vRttiyA~ adhika prabhAvazIla rahatI hai| yadi vyavasthA ke zuddha prAraMbha ke sAtha vAtAvaraNa meM bhI zuddhatA A jAe to bAda meM manuSya kI azubha vRttiyA~ phira asaradAra nahIM rhegii| azubha vRttiyA~ unhIM paristhitiyoM meM sira uThAtI hai, jaba vyavasthA meM zithilatA Ane lagatI hai aura jAgarUka vAtAvaraNa ke abhAva meM svArtha sAdhana kI guMjAiza bana jAtI hai| vRttiyoM kA uThAva yA jamAva bahudhA vAtAvaraNa para nirbhara karatA hai| ataH yadi caritraniSThA kA eka sAmAjika stara ho aura pratyeka vAtAvaraNa to manuSya kI azubha vRttiyoM ko apanA asara dikhAne kA avasara hI nahIM aaegaa| zubha vRttiyA~ prabhAvika banI rahegI aura 43

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sucaritram vyavasthA kA eka-eka sUtra gaThA huA rhegaa| phira jaba sadhe hue mana kA sambala manuSya ko milA huA ho taba to koI AzaMkA nahIM bacegI ki kisI bhI vyavasthA meM vighna yA vikAra A ske| manuSya dharma ko dhAraNa karake hI vyavasthA kA saMcAlana kare : vyavasthA kA saMcAlana tabhI zubha evaM zuddha banA raha sakatA hai jaba manuSya dharma ko dhAraNa karake vyavasthA ko saMcAlita kre| dhAraNa kareM to dharma hai, varanA dharma kA koI artha nhiiN| dharma kI vidvattApUrNa aneka vyAkhyAeM kI gayI hai, kintu dharma kA mUla tAtparya hai karttavya / kahAM-kahAM, kina paristhitiyoM meM kisa-kisa rUpa meM manuSya ko kyA karanA cAhiye jisase ki sabakA hita saMpAdana ho aura usakA svayaM kA vikAsa ho| moTe taura para ve hI usake karttavya hote haiN| karttavya kA artha hotA hai karane yogya! aura yaha karttavya kisa ke prati hotA hai-vizva ke prati, rASTra ke prati, samAja ke prati, prANiyoM ke prati, parivAra ke prati athavA svayaM ke prti| aise karttavya mahApuruSoM dvArA upadiSTa sattA dvArA nizcita kiye jAte haiN| ina sabake sAtha apanI khuda kI bhItara kI AvAja kaThina se kaThina samaya meM bhI kartavya kA nirdeza kara detI hai to ina sabhI kartavyoM ke puMja evaM unake svastha mana se pAlana karane kI niSThA ko dharma kahA jA sakatA hai| isa dharma kI saccAI yaha hai ki yaha pUre prANI jagat, mAnava samAja evaM usakI vyavasthA kA hita cintaka hotA hai| ___dharma ke isa vAstavika svarUpa ke sAtha jaba taka manuSya kA mana ekIbhUta rahatA hai, taba taka vyavasthA kA saMcAlana bhI zuddha banA rahatA hai tathA sucAru bhI ho jAtA hai| manuSya samudAya meM kartavya ke dRSTikoNa kI pramukhatA svayameva adhikAroM kI pradAtA bana jAtI hai| jisake prati karttavya kA nirvAha kiyA jAtA hai, usakA kartavya banatA hai ki vaha usakA samAdara kare, usake Adeza-nirdeza ko maane| isa prakAra kartavya se adhikAra milatA hai| svastha saMcAlana ke liye kartavyoM para bala diyA jAnA cAhiye, adhikAroM para nahIM, kyoMki adhikAra to kartavyoM se apane Apa upaja jaaeNge| parantu jaba adhikAroM para hI sArA bala de diyA jAtA hai to karttavya pAlana zithila va niSkriya ho jAtA hai aura vyavasthA kA krama vikRta evaM asthira hone lagatA hai| __ manuSya dvArA vyavasthA ke saMcAlana se eka jur3A huA prazna hai naitikatA kaa| mAnava mana Aja ke kampyUTara kI taraha saMskArita, dakSa aura prazikSita nahIM hotA hai ataH usake liye prazikSaka kA kArya karatI hai naitiktaa| aMgrejI zabdoM ke kAraNa naitikatA kA svarUpa kucha bhrAmaka bana gayA hai| maoNreliTI' zabda kA upayoga naitikatA ke liye hotA hai jabaki naitikatA kA sahI zabda 'ethiksa' hai| 'maoNreliTI' kA sahI artha hai lokAcAra / lokAcAra yA naitikatA kA Apasa meM koI saMbaMdha nhiiN| ata: sahI zabda hai sadAcAra / vyavasthA ke samyak saMcAlana meM jisa sadguNa kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, vaha hai sadAcAra / sadAcAra kyA? yaha vyavasthA kA sthAyI, sArvadezika tathA sArvakAlika guNa hai| isake viparIta lokAcAra deza-kAla kI paristhitiyoM ke anusAra parivartita hotA rahatA hai| sadAcAra sadA satya se hI jAnA jAtA hai, satya se hI anubhUta kiyA jAtA hai evaM satya ke sAtha hI jiyA jA sakatA hai| isI sadAcAra kA dUsarA nAma caritra hai| ataH kisI bhI vyavasthA kI kasauTI yaha hai ki vaha kaise caritra ke

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manuSya hI hai samasta vyavasthA kA sUtradhAra, saMcAlaka evaM saMvardhaka sAtha saMcAlita kI jA rahI hai athavA usa vyavasthA ke saMcAlana se kisa prakAra ke caritra kA paricaya mila rahA hai? ata: vyavasthA evaM sadAcAra yA caritra kA sAmaMjasya honA hI cAhiye aura manuSya ko isa sAmaMjasya kA pratIka bananA caahie| taba sarvatra sadAcAra kA nirvAha svAbhAvika bana jaaegaa| ___ eka vicAra yaha bhI hai ki dharma ko jo dhAraNa karatA hai vaha vijJAna hai? ataH manuSya kA dharma bhI eka vijJAna hI hai jo trividhAtmaka hai| isa dharma ke tIna svara haiM- deha rakSA, vaMza rakSA tathA sAre sAmAjika pariveza ke sAtha sNtuln| aura manuSya kA yaha jo dharma hai, use hI sadAcAra kaha leM, naitikatA kaha leM yA caritra kaha leN| dhamo rakSati rakSitaH'- rAjadharma, lokadharma aura prakRti dharma kI manuSya rakSA kare to ye saba dharma manuSya kI rakSA kreNge| sadAcAra kA nirUpaNa manuSya dharma ke liye hI hai kyoMki pazuoM ko sadAcAra kI apekSA nahIM hotI-ve to prakRti dvArA hI maryAdita hote haiN| buddhizIla evaM karmaTha svabhAva ke kAraNa manuSya ko sadAcAra se baMdhanA cAhiye tAki usakI buddhi evaM karmaThatA anAcAra yA atyAcAra kI dizA meM na bar3ha ske| vyavasthA kI surakSA sadAcAra se hI saMbhava hotI hai| sAmAjika samarasatA ke yoga se manuSya dvArA vyavasthA kA saMvardhana : Apa apanI dinacaryA kA avalokana kreN| prAtaH uThakara rAta ko sone ke samaya taka Apa jitane kArya karate haiM, jitanI vastuoM kA upayoga karate haiM athavA jitanA bhI vyApAra-vyavasAya calAte haiMusa sabameM kyA Apako kahIM bhI aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vaha binA kisI anya ke sahayoga se kara rahe haiM? zAyada hI aisA pratIta ho arthAta sarvatra kisI anya kA sahayoga avazyameva hotA hI hai| ise hI sAmAjika sahayoga kahA jA sakatA hai| eka choTe se udAharaNa se ise smjheN| Apa khAne ke liye baiThe haiM aura thAlI meM dAla-roTI hai-ise kyA Apa sirpha apanI kamAI mAneMge? eka bAra to yahI kaheMge ki merI apanI kamAI se dAla roTI milI hai| ThIka hai-yaha mAna le taba bhI gehUM yA dAla kA utpAdana kisAna ne apane kheta meM kiyA, ApakI patnI, mAM yA bahina ne use sApha kiyA, bhojana pakAyA tabhI to dAla roTI ApakI thAlI meM A sakI hai| phira isameM kAma Ane vAle aneka upakaraNoM ke aneka nirmAtA hote haiN| Azaya yaha ki paga-paga para sAmAjika sahayoga se manuSya kA jIvana nirvAha hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM ki manuSya evaM samAja anyonyAzrita hai| manuSya akelA nahIM apitu usa samAja meM rahatA hai jahAM sabhI logoM kI sammilita bhAgIdArI hotI hai| pratyeka kI eka dUsare para nirbharatA rahatI hai| isI nirbharatA se upajatI hai-RNa kI bAta aura RNa mocana kI bAta / RNa mocana meM hI kartavya kA samAveza hotA hai| pahale RNa kI bAta kara leM manuSya apanA jIvana nirvAha hetu nirbhara rahatA hai samAja para yAnI ki apane sAthiyoM para, usake bAda pazuoM para, vRkSoM-vanoM para, prakRti para, havA, pAnI, jamIna para aura isa taraha kI aneka bAtoM pr| aba jisakA RNa hai usake prati manuSya kA kartavya banegA hI ki vaha apane RNa kA mocana kare-apane upakAra kA badalA cukaave| ina RNoM kA sthUla vibhAjana hai - 1. mAtR pitR RNa (mAtA-pitA, bhAI bandhu), 2. RSi-muni RNa (jJAnopArjana, dharmopadeza), 3. prakRti RNa (dhana-dhAnya, sukha-suvidhA), 4. bhUta RNa (bhUta, jIva, satva Adi prANiyoM kA upkaar)| to inake RNoM ke mocana ko manuSya kA kartavya 45

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sucaritram mAnA gayA hai| jise naitikatA bharA AcaraNa yA sadAcAra kA mArga bhI kahA gayA hai| RNa mocana ke upAya bhI batAye gaye haiM jaise 1. jJAnopArjana evaM jJAnadAna ko paramparA nibhAnA, 2. eka dUsare kI rakSA evaM sahAyatA karanA, 3. apanA kAma saccAI va ImAnadArI se karanA aura dUsaroM ko isa dizA meM prerita karanA aadi| upakArI ke upakAra ko mAnate hue unheM dharma mArga meM jor3anA, dharma mArga meM Age bar3hAnA, kucha aMzoM meM unake upakAroM se uRNa honA hai| ___ yaha RNa aura RNamocana kI bAta kyA jatAtI hai? yaha bAta vizva vyavasthA ko batalAtI hai| aisI paramparA DhAlane kI bAta hai ki vyavasthA ke sUtra kahIM bhI kabhI-bhI TUTeM nahIM balki majabUta hote rheN| eka dUsare para upakAra kiyA jAtA rahe aura niyamita rUpa se utArA jAtA rahe to vyavasthA ke bhaMga hone kA prazna hI paidA nahIM hogaa| yo vyavasthA kA saMvardhana hotA rhegaa| vyavasthA ke saMvardhana hetu pratyeka mAnava ko yaha pratIti karAnA Avazyaka hai ki vizva kI samUcI vyavasthA ho athavA rASTrIya yA prAdezika zAsana-prazAsana athavA kisI bhI prakAra ke saMgha-saMgaThana ke niyama-anuzAsana ho, sabameM usake sadasyoM kI kriyAzIla sAjhedArI hai aura usake binA isa anyonyAzrita samAja meM vyakti yA samudAya kisI kA bhI kAma DhaMga se calane vAlA nahIM hai| yadyapi samAja evaM vyakti kI paraspara nirbharatA suspaSTa hai, phira bhI yaha bhAva yadi pratyeka mAnava ke hRdaya meM jagA huA rahe to vyavasthA kA svarUpa sucAru to rahegA hI, kintu vaha saMvardhita bhI hotA rhegaa| kAraNa, sabhI sauhArdra evaM sahayoga kI bhAvanA ke sAtha paraspara jur3e hue rheNge| zrI rAma kRSNa paramahaMsa kahate haiM ki jahAM kAyaratA, ghRNA aura bhaya vyApta ho, vahAM zubhatA praveza nahIM kara sktii| vizva-vyavasthA evaM mAnavatA kA hita eka dUsare ke pUraka baneM : vizva ke vikAsa-hrAsa athavA utthAna-patana meM manuSya kA sarvAdhika sahayoga rahA hai, kyoMki isa pRthvI para manuSya eka sarvAdhika vikasita evaM prabhAvazAlI prANI hai| manuSya ke vicAra, cintana, kArya evaM upakrama se isa vizva kI vyavasthA calI hai, cala rahI hai aura calatI rhegii| antara kI bAta yahI hai ki manuSya kI sAmAjikatA jitanI saMghIya, sahayogAtmaka evaM dAyitvapUrNa hotI hai to vizva kI samUcI vyavasthA bhI utanI adhikatama saMkhyA ke adhikatama hita se Age bar3hakara sarvajana hitAya, sarvajana sukhAya bana sakatI hai| yaha isa tathya para nirbhara hai ki manuSya evaM vizva kA, vyakti aura samAja kA ApasI jur3Ava kitanI udAratA evaM hita bhAvanA para AdhArita hai? sAmAjika pragAr3hatA evaM manuSya kI buddhimattA ina donoM kA jor3a hai, kyoMki manuSya, kisI bhI anya zakti kI apekSA svayaM kI buddhi evaM jAgarUkatA se nirdezita hotA hai| pazuoM meM aisA nahIM, kyoMki prakRti unakI jIvana praNAlI ko maryAdita banAye rakhatI hai| manuSya prakRti kI sImA meM hI baMdhA huA nahIM rhtaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki manuSya kI samAja-vyavasthA vidhi-niSedhAtmaka hotI hai| kyA karanA cAhiye aura kyA nahIM karanA cAhiye?-yaha anuzAsana manuSya svayaM kI sahamati evaM samAja ke mAdhyama se apane para lAgU karatA hai| isa anuzAsana ko jaba vaha svayaM hI tor3atA hai taba avyavasthA kI zuruAta hotI hai| aisI anuzAsanahInatA manuSya meM paidA na ho-isI ke liye usake caritra nirmANa kI AvazyakatA mahasUsa kI jAtI hai| samarasa sAmAjikatA ke AdhAra para hI manuSya svArtha Adi vikAroM meM na phasate hue eka ora

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manuSya hI hai samasta vyavasthA kA sUtradhAra, saMcAlaka evaM saMvardhaka sajaga, mAnavatA ke apane svarUpa ko sthAyitva de sakatA hai to dUsarI grAma se vizva stara taka kI vyavasthA ko sakriya evaM mAnavahita meM saMlagna banA sakatA hai / isa dRSTi se taiyArI aisI honI cAhie ki vizva - vyavasthA evaM mAnavatA kA hita eka dUsare ke pUraka bneN| isake liye mAnava kA dRSTikoNa udAra evaM vyApaka honA cAhiye / yadi vaha apane zarIra yA jyAdA se jyAdA parivAra taka hI sImita banA rahe to usa saMkucitatA se mAnavatA kA DhAMcA TikegA nhiiN| manuSya kA vikAsa krama yA yoM kaheM ki usakI manuSyatA kA vikAsa krama yadi dekhA jAe to jJAta hogA ki vaha kisa prakAra kSudra se virAT sthiti taka pahuMcA hai| eka asahAya zarIra ne janma dhAraNa kiyA to AsapAsa meM jo anya sakSama zarIradhArI the, ve use sahayoga karane lage, usake sukha-duHkha meM bhAga baMTAne lge| isa prakAra paraspara meM sneha evaM sadbhAva kI kalpanA jagI aura vaha parivAra kA ekarUpa bana gyaa| parivAra jaisI vyavasthA bahuta purAne yuga meM nahIM thI, para jaba manuSya AsapAsa ke sukha-duHkha ko apanA banAne lagA aura apane sukha-duHkha ko AsapAsa ke par3ausiyoM meM bAMTane lagA to dhIre-dhIre parivAra kI vyavasthA khar3I ho gii| sukha-duHkha meM hissA baMTAne vAle apane 'nija' ke ho * gaye aura jo usase dUra rahe ve parAye bana gye| isa prakAra manuSya ke jIvana meM sukha-duHkha kA vinimaya zuru huA / Age calakara usake jIvana meM jo bhautika aura Adhidaivika duHkha Ate, unase bhI saba sahayogapUrvaka lar3ate, duHkhoM ko dUra karane kA milajula kara prayatna karate aura jo sukha prApta hotA use sadbhAvapUrvaka Apasa meM bAMTa lete, milakara usakA upayoga yA upabhoga karate - basa vyakti ke jIvana ke vyApaka hone kI yaha prakriyA parivAra ko janma detI calI gaI, samAja kA nirmANa karatI calI gaI aura pUrI mAnava jAti, balki pUre prANI jagat evaM vizva ko eka akele vyakti se jor3atI calI gii| isI vRtti ne dhIre-dhIre virAT se virATtara rUpa dhAraNa kiyA aura yaha krama kinhIM ko AbhAsa hotA hai aura kinhIM ko nahIM, kintu anavarata gati se Age bar3hatA hI jA rahA hai| yahI krama samUcI vizva - vyavasthA ko manuSya tathA manuSyatA ke hita ko sthAyI rUpa se saMyukta karake ekIbhUta bnaaegaa| apanI manuSyatA ko pahacAneM tathA sampUrNa mAnava jAti ko eka mAnakara caleM : yaha to Apa nizcita mAnate hoMge ki Apa manuSya haiN| Apako apane cAroM ora evaM jahAM bhI Apa jAte haiM, vahAM vaise hI manuSya dikhAI bhI dete haiN| to kyA manuSya jAti kI samAnatAoM para Apane kabhI socA hai? zarIra eka-sA, aMga- upAMga eka se kATo to khUna kA raMga eka-sA, sneha - prema kA hAvabhAva eka-sA, muskurAhaTa kA asara eka-sA, dila aura dimAga kI maujUdagI eka-sI aura andara bhItara meM ghusa to sahAnubhUti, sahayogitA tathA dharma kI bhAvanA eka-sI / phira bhI bheda sabako sAmane dikhate haiM- mAnyatAeM alaga, bhASA- boliyAM alaga, kSetra-deza alaga, Arthika sthitiyAM alaga, vRtti pravRtti alaga, khAna-pAna, rahana-sahana alaga aura bhAMti-bhAMti ke alagAvoM ke alaga-alaga akhaadd'e| to dekhanA yaha hai ki donoM meM asalI kyA aura nakalI kyA? samAnatAeM asalI haiM yA bheda? donoM meM asaliyata ho sakatI hai kintu adhikAMza bheda mAnavakRta hote 47

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sucaritram haiM jisakI kasauTI yaha hai ki ve mAnava-prayatnoM se miTAye bhI jA sakate haiM? yoM samAnatAoM aura bhedoM ko Apa kisa dRSTi se dekheMge tathA apanA nirNaya kaise nikAleMge? koI bhI sahI nirNaya nikAlane ke liye samasyA evaM sthiti ke mUla meM pahuMcanA hotA hai, isaliye pahuMcie manuSya ke yAnI apane hI mUla meM, manuSya kA mUla kahAM hai? usake janma meM yA jIvana kI zuruAta meM? arthAta zizu avasthA meN| kisI bhI deza, kSetra, sampradAya, varga, jAti, bhASA athavA anya kisI bhI bheda vAle eka zizu ko dekhiye-usameM sabhI samAnatAeM dikhatI haiM yA sabhI bheda athavA donoM? kisI kA bhI sApha uttara hogA ki zizu meM samAnatAeM to sabhI haiM, para bheda eka bhI nhiiN| bheda taba paidA hone lagate haiM, jaba bar3e loga apane zizu kA janma saMskAra Adi apane bheda ke anusAra karanA zuru karate haiM, anyathA garbha se jaba koI bhI zizu bAhara AtA hai to ekasI cIkha nikAlatA hai aura mAM kA dUdha pIne ke liye eka sI AturatA dikhAtA hai| yaha to hotI hai usakI mUla AvazyakatA, lekina itanA sA pAkara vaha detA kitanA hai-phUloM sI jharatI huI muskAna, mAsUma cehare kI zAna aura sarala pyAra kI khaan| jo vaha choTI avasthA meM detA hai, kyA usakA zatAMza bhI bar3A hokara manuSya de sakatA hai? yaha satya hai ki manuSya mAtra kA jIvanAraMbha-'bAhara meM eka deha pyArA aura bhItara meM eka sI neha-dhArA' ke sAtha hotA hai| basa. yahIM taka saccA saMsAra hai prakati hai aura manuSya kI asaliyata hai-tana-mana ekadama zaddha.prema se prabaddha caMcala gatizIlatA para kahIM nahIM avruddh| ___ isake Age jo kucha hai, usameM adhikAMza manuSya kA apanA hI kiyA aura banAyA huA hai-bhedoM kI bhayAnakatA, anaitikatA kI ati, ghora svArtha kA AcaraNa, aparAdhoM aura hiMsA kA daura-daurA, sattA aura sampatti kI bhUkha, nAnAvidha pradUSaNa aura sabase bar3hakara apane hI sAthiyoM kA zoSaNa evaM utpIr3ana / vaha jaisA banA hai yA banatA hai, apane zizu ko bhI banAtA hai-apane saMskAroM kI ghuTTI pilAtA hai| yaha Aja kA bigar3A huA manuSya saMsAra kI mUla racanA ko asta-vyasta karatA hai, vikRta banAtA hai tathA apane va apane sAthiyoM ke bIca taraha-taraha kI dIvAreM khar3I karatA hai| ye dIvAreM haiM rASTroM kI, sampradAyoM kI, jAtiyoM kI, bhASAoM kI, vAdo-vicAroM kI, kArya praNAliyoM kI, vargoM kI-aura ina sabhI dIvAroM kI nIMva meM hotA hai usakA svArthavAda, haThavAda, durAgrahavAda aura kttttrtaavaad| inakA milAjulA rasAyana banatA hai-alagAvavAda yAnI na tor3e jA sakane vAle bhAMti-bhAMti ke bhed| ina para gaMbhIra cintana honA caahiye| ___yaha cintana hameM do bAtoM kI tarapha le jAtA hai-(1) hama apane hRdayatala meM dabI chipI manuSyatA ko pahacAneM aura use bAhara prakAza meM lAkara sakriya banAveM evaM (2) isa satya ko sthAyI rUpa se AtmasAt kara leM ki sampUrNa manuSya jAti eka hai| (egA maNussa jAi-mahAvIra) aura usake bIca bheda DAlane kA kArya nikRSTa evaM jaghanya hotA hai| isa vizAla manuSya jAti kI Aja kI durAvasthA kI jhalaka eka rUpaka ke mAdhyama se samajheM eka hajAroM sabhAgAroM-kakSoM vAlA vizAla bhavana hai aura sabhI meM manuSya jAti ke sadasya rahate haiN| sAmAnya taura para yaha honA cAhiye ki saba kamaroM ke daravAje va khir3akiyAM khulI rahe, eka dUsare ke kamaroM meM

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manuSya hI hai samasta vyavasthA kA sUtradhAra, saMcAlaka evaM saMvardhaka aura AMgana meM loga Ate-jAte raheM- Apasa meM milate-julate raheM, mAna-manuhAra karate raheM, haMsI dillagI hotI raheM aura pyAra bharI khuziyoM kI neka cahala-pahala calatI rheN| kintu Aja kI asaliyata yaha hai ki adhikAMza kamare bhItara se baMda haiM, khir3akiyAM bhI jur3I huI, na bAhara kI havArozanI AtI hai aura na phUloM kI mahaka / itane bar3e bhavana meM haMsI ke phuvvAre nahIM chUTate / kabhIkabhAra kisI kamare kA daravAjA khulatA hai to barasate haiM IMTa-patthara, goliyoM kI bauchAreM / dikhate haiM khUna ke phavvAreM, tabAhI ke najAre aura ati ho jAe to bajate haiM yuddha ke ngaadd'e| kitanA surIlA hotA hai saMsAra, kitanA manamohaka hotA hai manuSya kA janma, lekina vahI manuSya apanI durnIti tathA kukRtyoM se kaisA banA detA hai apane hI saMsAra kA lomaharSaka dRzya? sabakA mitra hone kI bajAya apanA svayaM kA hI zatru kyoM bana jAtA hai yaha manuSya? aisI paristhitiyoM ke banane aura panapane kI parIkSA Avazyaka hai| yahI Aja kI sampUrNa samasyA kA mUla hai ki sabako sabase milAne kA sukhada abhiyAna kaise cher3A jAya? caritra nirmANa isa naye abhiyAna kA AdhAra honA cAhiye / isa abhiyAna kA maMtra vAkya ho, sArI manuSya jAti ko eka mAna kara clo| isI kA nihitArtha hogA - manuSya-manuSya ke bIca ke sAre bhedabhAvoM ko apane mana se nikAla bAhara karo - bAhara bhItara kI sArI dIvAreM tor3a do / mAnyatA bhale hI apanI rakho, para use sabhI mAnyatAoM se milAo / sampradAya apanI hI ko mAno para sabhI sampradAyoM ke sAtha ekatA kA rasa chAno / bhASA apanI hI bolo, para sabako bhASAoM ko eka mAno / rASTra apanA kaho, lekina sabhI rASTroM ko eka kuTumba jAno / jAti apanI meM raho, para sabhI jAtiyoM ko jodd'o| rahana-sahana, khAna-pAna apanI ruci kA ho, para sabhI ruciyoM kA svAda bhI kabhI-kabhI cakhate raho / sabhyatAeM bhinna-bhinna rakho para saMskRti kA ekIkaraNa kro| sabhI zizu kA mana apanA lo-pyAra bharI muskAna do aura lo| pratyeka sAmAnya jana kA samAdara kro| isa samAdara kA eka hI AdhAra ho guNavattA / guNoM ko hI mAna do, guNoM kI hI pUjA karoM / mAnavI saMskRti ko guNAdhArita banA do - saMsAra svarga bana jAyegA / 49

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jJAna vijJAna kA vikAsa evaM sAmAjika jIvana kI gati dharma, darzana aura vijJAna ke kSetra meM caritra nirmANa ke bahuAyAmI pakSa saMsAra meM hara koI vijaya kI kAmanA karatA hai, kahIM " bhI hAranA nahIM caahtaa| saba sarvatra vijaya kI khoja meM gtishiil| khanakhanA rahI haiM talavAreM vijaya ke liye, jhanajhanA rahe haiM kalama ke kinAre vijaya ke liye, danadanA rahe haiM choTe-bar3e kadama vicAre bina vicAre vijaya ke liye| vijaya sabako cAhiye ki vaha vijetA ke gaurava se alaMkRta ho, usakI yazagAthA vAyumaMDala meM jhaMkRta ho...para kahAM hai vaha vijaya? vijaya ke lie jitane prayatna kie jAte haiM, vijaya dUra bhAgatI jAtI hai, parAjaya meM badalatI jAtI hai, aisA kyoM ho rahA hai?...vijaya kisa para? dUsaroM para yA apane Apa para? zarIra para yA AtmA para?... kisase vijaya? talavAra se yA sneha-prema se? soca-socakara behAla. sulajhane kI koziza para bar3hatA jAtA jaal| anantakAla se samara bhUmi meM jUjha rahA hU~ vijaya patha ko bUjha rahA huuN| zAnta nahIM hotI vijaya kI lalaka, Atura hU~, pAne ko eka jhlk| para hara janma evaM jIvana meM kyA milatI rahI parAjaya, parantu isa janma meM badalU~gA niyati ko, pAU~gA parama pratIti ko| calatA rahegA yaha vijaya abhiyAna, prasarita hogA jJAna-vijJAna, udita hogA caritra kA svarNa vihAna! 50

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jJAna vijJAna kA vikAratA evaM sAmAjika jIvana kI gati

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jJAna vijJAna kA vikAsa evaM sAmAjika jIvana kI gati isa vijaya kI pRSThabhUmi meM barbaratA nahIM, hRdaya meM umar3ate hue sAtvika prema kA nirjhara hai| yaha vijaya dUsaroM para nahIM, apane Apa para hai| yaha vijaya raktapAta ke liye nahIM, sakala Atma zAnti ke liye hai / yaha vijaya pAzavikatA se nahIM, sampUrNa daivikatAoM ke liye hai... hAM, yahI saccI zUravIratA hai aura saccI vijaya bhI yahI hai| isa vijaya kI manobhUmi se kSudratAoM ke sAre baMdhana TUTa jAeMge, jahAM saba jagaha 'sva' hI dikhAI degA, koI 'para' nahIM, koI bhinna nahIM / sarva meM sva ke darzana to sva meM sarva darzana / 'para' kI vijaya meM ghRNA hai, hInatA hai, vyathA hai, vyAkulatA hai aura hai ahaMkAra kA vistRtavikRta rUpa / maiM bar3A - vaha choTA, maiM balavAna - vaha nirbala, maiM zaktizAlI - vaha kamajora, maiM divya - vaha tuccha, maiM sarvasva - vaha nA kucha... na jAne ahaMkAra ke kitane ghinaune rUpa chipe rahate haiM 'para' vijaya kI kAmanA meM aura vaha vijaya pAkara bhI parAjita hI rahatA hai... jahAM 'sva' para vijaya huI vahAM para bheda hI nahIM rahA / sva kI vijaya meM sarva vijaya hai / para kI vijaya se sva kI vijaya bhI saMdigdha bana jAtI hai| kitanA antara hotA hai vijaya-vijaya meM? kahA~ tU dUsaroM kA damana karatA hai? svayaM apanA hI damana kara, (appA ceva dameyavvo- mahAvIra ) apane ko jIta aura apane ko jIta liyA to dUsarA svayameva jIta liyA jaayegaa| jahAM tU dUsaroM ko jItane ke liye jAegA vahAM tU unako jIta nahIM pAegA balki apane Apa se bhI parAjita hotA jAegA / .... satya ko smjh| dUsaroM ko jItane kI vAsanA bhayaMkara hai, isake kITANu bar3e hI jaharIle haiM, jarA bacakara rhnaa| ina jaharIle kITANuoM kA asara janma janmAntara calatA hI rahatA hai-kisI bhI janma meM baca nahIM pAtA hai| vaira se vaira bar3hatA hai aura prema se prema pasaratA hai| dUsaroM kI vijaya vaira se nahIM, prema se kr| vaira se kabhI bhI kisI ko jItA nahIM jA sakA Aja taka...aisI jIta kabhI ho bhI jAe to vaha hotI hai kSaNika, asthAyI, AzaMkAoM aura nirAzAoM bhrii|.... sukha, zAnti, samRddhi, ullAsa evaM santuSTi dene vAlI yaha vijaya nahIM ho sakatI / 'para' kI vijaya meM kitanI bar3hatI hai mAnasika vyAkulatA ? kitanI hotI hai pIr3A? phira yaha vijaya kahAM? koNika kA saMhAra kyoM huA? duryodhana kA vinAza kyoM huA? rAvaNa kyoM mArA gayA ?....... vijaya kI sahI paribhASA, arthavattA kisameM rahI huI hai? kyA usa vijaya meM, jahAM vijetA aura vijita janmoM aura pIr3hiyoM ke zatru bana jAte haiM athavA usa vijaya meM jahA~ vijetA vijita ke hRdayAsana para sarvadA ke lie virAjamAna ho jAtA hai? yaha zakti mAtra prema meM rahI huI hai| prema ne sadA hRdayAsana para sAmrAjya banAyA aura dIrghakAla taka claayaa| kyA ghRNA, vaira, tiraskAra meM vaisI taralatA kabhI rahI hai ? ataH prema kI apUrva zakti ko pahacAna, ise apanI zakti jAna / tU jitanA prema dUsaroM ko degA, utanA hI nahIM, usase kaI gunA prema tU paaegaa|... hRdaya kI saMkucitatA evaM kSudratA ko miTA, svArtha ke gheroM ko tor3a aura virATa mamatva se nAtA jodd'| phira dekha, terI kaisI vijaya hotI hai? kahIM bhI koI zatru nahIM bacegA, jaba AtmA hI mitra bana jAe, taba zatru kauna rahegA? taba anubhUti hogI ki prema meM hI bhagavatzakti evaM Atmazakti kA ananta milana ho gayA hai ! bhAvanAoM ke aise hI utkRSTa pravAha se upajatA hai jJAna, khilatA hai darzana, janma letA hai dharma, phUTatA hai marma, nikharatA hai vijJAna, Alokita hotA hai jahAna / 51

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sucaritram saMsAra eka vizAla zikSAlaya hai, jJAna kA prakAza phailA pUrva ke sUrya se : __yaha saMsAra eka vizAla zikSAlaya hai| yahAM ke kaNa-kaNa se zikSA kA srota nikalatA hai| yahAM kAla ke kSaNa-kSaNa se zikSA ke maNi sUtra bikharate haiN| AvazyakatA hai sameTane aura baTorane kii| jaba dekhatA hU~ isa dharitrI ko, to lagatA hai kitanI anUThI sahiSNutA hai isameM, kitanI kSamAzIlatA kI apUrva rUpatA hai isameM? koI gaMdagI kara rahA hai isa para taba bhI koI roSa nahIM, pUjA kara rahA hai taba bhI koI toSa nhiiN| na roSa, na toSa-adbhuta samatva kA bhaav| kaisI AzcaryakArI kSamA aura samatA hai| dekhatA hU~ isa nirjhara ko, jo satata baha rahA hai apane meM sabako samAhita karake ! agara koI isake jala ko aMjalI meM bhara kara ise praNAma kara rahA hai to usako koI prasannatA nahIM aura koI apanA sArA kUr3A karkaTa isake jala meM DAla rahA hai to koI khinnatA nhiiN| kisI para koI pratikriyA nahIM-sabako apane bhItara samA lene kI adbhuta kssmtaa| dekhatA hU~ phaloM se ladI huI vRkSAvaliyoM ko, jo de rahI hai prANavAyu, navajIvana pradAna karane vAlI sarasatA-na koI svArtha hai, na koI ahaM, na koI dveSa-kitanI svAbhAvikatA hai? dekhatA hUM mukta AkAza ko-nirlipta, asaMga evaM vyApakatA-na koI ora dikhAI detA hai, na koI chora! vAstava meM prakRti kA eka-eka kaNa samuccaya zikSA ratnoM se dIptimAna hai| prakRti ke sivAya kAla bhI bahuta bar3A zikSaka hai| kala dekha rahA thA-eka vyakti dhana ke abhAva meM bhArI duHkha jhela rahA thA aura Aja dekha rahA hU~ ki vaha dhana ke ambAra para baiThA apane ko parama sukhI mAna rahA hai| sAre abhAva sadbhAva meM badala gaye haiN| kala dekha rahA thA-eka vyakti dAruNa roga se pIr3ita thA-Aja vaha svasthatA kA sukhAnubhava kara rahA hai| isI taraha kAla ke isa garbha meM na jAne kaisI-kaisI kRtiyA~pratikRtiyA~ ubhara rahI haiM aura tirohita hotI jA rahI hai! kala dekha rahA thA-eka vRkSa zuSka-zuSka najara A rahA thA, Aja vahI haritimA se laharA rahA hai-naI-naI koMpaloM, pattoM, phUla-phaloM se mahaka rahA hai| kala akAlagrasta dharatI baMjara laga rahI thI, Aja varSA se AplAvita hokara vaha sarasabja va sundara najara A rahI hai| kaisA kamAla hai, isa prakRti kA? adbhuta hai prakRti meM jo kucha ghaTa rahA haivaha sabako zikSita hI to kara rahA hai jaise kaha rahA ho ki nUtanatA kA ahaMkAra mata kara aura na purAtanatA kA zoka mnaa| sukha ke kSaNoM meM mada-masta na ho to duHkha kI ghar3iyoM meM kismata ko mata ro| dekha-ye duHkha ke kSaNa tujhe nirmala aura pAvana banAne ke liye Ate haiM kyoMki pApa karmoM ke maila se malina hai terI aatmaa| duHkha nahIM AtA to sAre pApa kaise dhulate? kaise tU nirmala banatA? pApa dhulA, nirmala huA-isase bar3ha kara kyA? sukha meM to puNya karmoM kI kSINatA hotI hai| puNya samApta ho gayA aura nayA puNyArjana nahIM kara pAyA, taba kyA hogA? kyoM nahIM tU duHkhiyoM se zikSA letA hai nirmalatA kI? aura kyoM nahIM sukhiyoM se bhI zikSA le tU nirliptatA kI? yaha saMsAra eka vizAla zikSAlaya hai, jahAM kadama-kadama para zikSAeM bikharI par3I haiM-ina zikSAoM ko tU letA cala aura apane dAmana ko bharatA cl| yoM zikSAoM ke lete calane tathA dAmana meM bharate calane kI saMsAra ke sabhI bhAgoM meM hamezA se hor3a calatI rahI hai| jJAna ke khajAne isI bodha bhUmi se nikalate rahe haiN| jahAM zikSArthI pratibhAzAlI rahe, 52

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jJAna vijJAna kA vikAsa evaM sAmAjika jIvana kI gati zodhakartA rahe aura sAdhanA meM rata rahe, vahAM jJAna-vijJAna kI maNiyAM bahulatA se khojI gaI aura vahIM se sabhyatA evaM saMskRti kA Aloka phailaa| Aja vizva ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM jJAna-vijJAna kA vistAra dikhAI detA hai, usakA prAraMbha pUrva dizA se hI huA thaa| Aja to pUrva aura pazcima ke rUpa meM do bhinna kendra dikhAI dete haiM kintu pUrva kA bhAga sabhyatA kI UMcAiyoM para car3ha rahA thA, taba pazcima ne sabhyatA kA darzana bhI nahIM kiyA thaa| sUrya pUrva meM udita hotA hai aura jJAna-vijJAna kA sUrya bhI pUrva meM hI udita huA thA tathA pUrva meM bhI usakI prakAza bhUmi banane kA saubhAgya bhArata ko hI prApta huA thaa| gUr3ha jJAna se upaje dArzanika cintana ne bhArata ko 'vizvaguru' kA mAna dilAyA : bhArata meM jJAna sAdhanA ke vikAsa evaM vistAra meM yahAM kI prAkRtika sthiti kA vizeSa yogadAna rhaa| suramya prakRti, dhana-dhAnya kI saMpannatA evaM sAmAjika samarasatA kI paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa logoM ko gaharA cintana-manana karane kA paryApta avakAza rahatA thaa| yaha deza usa samaya to aneka rahasyoM ko khoja nikAlane kI jijJAsA adhika tIvratA se hI jagAtA thA isa kAraNa bhautika se bhI bar3ha kara vaicArika evaM AdhyAtmika zodha kI ora logoM kI ruci jyAdA bnii| phalasvarUpa jJAna, dharma, darzana Adi ke gUr3ha rahasyoM kI ora sAdhanA kA jora rhaa| bhAratIya vicAradhArA kI sAmAnya vizeSatAeM rahI-mUlabhUta rUpa se AdhyAtmika, dharma eka yuktiyukta saMzleSaNa, mana ke tIna rUpa-avacetana, cetana, aticetana, AtmA kI ceSTAeM tIna avasthAoM meMjAgRti, svapna, suSupti, bAhyadRSTi (indriya) tathA antardRSTi (AtmA) kA darzana, satyAnveSaNa aadi| bhAratIya darzana upajA hai gahana adhyayana tathA gaDha jJAna se aura isase jo dhArAeM pravAhita haI. unhoMne sUkSma jagat ke svarUpa kA jo nicor3a nikAlA vaha apUrva thA aura vizva ke kisI anya bhAga meM aisA sUkSma adhyayana saphala nahIM huA thaa| isI dArzanika cintana ne bhArata ko vizvaguru' hone kA sammAna dilaayaa| aneka dezoM se vidyArthI adhyayana hetu yahAM Ate rhe| __ yaha dArzanika cintana jitanA gaharA hai, utanA hI vistRt| yahAM mAtra usakI saMkSipta-sI jAnakArI dI jA rahI hai- sRSTi vijJAna : yaha saMsAra kaisA hai, kaise banA, isameM kyA-kyA zaktiyAM haiM, yaha kaise calatA hai Adi sRSTi vijJAna se saMbaMdhita aneka praznoM para aneka pravartakoM ne gaharA cintana kiyaa| Rgveda meM sRSTi kI utpatti kI tIna zreNiyAM batAI gaI haiM-1. uccatama paramArtha sattA, 2. kevala svacetanA-maiM hUM evaM 3. svacetanA kI siimaa| pAMca mUla tattva mAne gaye-AkAza, vAyu, agni, jala, pRthvI-inhIM va anya tattvoM ke saMyoga se racanA bnii| puruSa se virATa, virATa se phira puruSa aura yoM puruSa jana bhI aura janya bhii| vikAsa meM dharma, nItizAstra, paraloka zAstra Adi kI dhaarnnaaeN| yaha bhI mAnyatA rahI ki sRSTi kI racanA Izvara ne nahIM kI-vaha anAdi aura ananta hai| Atma tattva : jaina darzana ke anusAra Atma tattva hai caitanya aura jJAnamaya, usakA hotA hai jar3a se jur3a kara saMsAra meM bhava bhramaNa, huA hai zarIra Adi jar3a tattvoM-pudgala paramANuoM se usakA nirmaann| 53

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sucaritram cetana va jar3a tattvoM kI pRthaktA se AtmA kA mokSa hotA hai| upaniSadoM meM AtmA ko viSayI tathA brahma ko viSaya batAyA gayA hai| AtmA ke cAra prakAra- 1. zarIrI AtmA 2. taijasa AtmA 3. prajJA rUpa AtmA tathA 4. tUrIyAvasthA sthita AtmA jo brahmalIna evaM aanndmy| sUtroM meM AtmA ko saMsArI evaM siddha rUpoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| __ anekAntavAdI yathArtha : satya ke sAtha sAkSAtkAra ko jIvana sAdhanA kA pradhAna lakSya mAnA gayA hai| ekAntavAda meM satya kA haTha to hai, para satyatA nhiiN| pratyeka vAda meM nyUnAdhika satya kA aMza hotA hai, ataH kisI bhI tattva yA padArtha ke sabhI pahaluoM kA jisameM hotA hai adhyayana / sarvAMzataH jAne binA jisase pUrNa sabhyatA ke darzana nahIM hote isI samagra darzana kA nAma hai anekAntavAda / vedAnta ke nityavAda tathA bauddhoM ke anityavAda kI ekAntikatA ko jainoM ke anekAntavAda ne satya kA darzana kraayaa| naitika AdarzavAda : jisameM saMsAra aura janma ko duHkha kA mUla batAyA gayA hai| buddha ke cAra Arya satya-1. duHkha vidyamAna hai, 2. isake kAraNa vidyamAna hai, 3. isake nirodha ke upAya vidyamAna hai aura 4. inakI saphalatA kA mArga bhI vidyamAna hai| naitika AdarzavAda ko sAdhya mAnA gyaa| __ nAstikavAda aura AstikavAda : jo Izvara kI sattA mAne vaha Astika aura na mAne vaha naastik| vedoM ke aMdhe AstikavAda para jaina va bauddha mAnyatAoM ne coTa kI to unheM nAstika batAyA gayA, kyoMki jaina AtmA ke hI paramAtma svarUpa meM samunnata hone ke siddhAnta meM vizvAsa karate haiN| gItA ne dhuMdha khAye AstikavAda ko phira se camakAyA aura use jJAna va bhakti ke sAtha jodd'aa| gItA kA upadeza brahma saMbaMdhI darzanazAstra kA dhArmika anuzAsana kahA jA sakatA hai| tarka sammata yathArthavAda : adhyAtma viSayaka samasyAoM kI tArkika samIkSA ke rUpa meM sAmane AyA nyaayshaastr| vAcaspati kA nyAyazAstra pramukha hai| anya hai gautama, jayanta, zaMkara, dharmakIrti, bhadrabAhu, vizvanAtha aadi| nyAyazAstra ke viSaya haiM-pratyakSa pramANa, anumAna pramANa, kArya pramANa bhAva, tarka aura vAda, smRti, hetvAbhAsa, bhrAnti aadi| ___ paramANu viSayaka anekavAda : yaha vaizeSikadarzana kI upaja thii| kaNAda RSi isake pravartaka the| jJAna, padArtha tathA dravya kA vizleSaNa karanA inakA lakSya rhaa| paramANuvAda kI parikalpanA kI gii| guNa ko dravyAzrita mAnA gyaa| kula 24 guNa va 3 saMskAra (vega, bhAvanA, sthiti) batAye gye| paramANu viSayaka anekavAda bhautika jagat kI vyAkhyA ke liye Avazyaka siddha huaa| puruSa va prakRti kA siddhAnta : kapila RSi ke sAMkhya darzana ne saMsAra ko Izvara kI racanA nahIM mAnA aura use asaMkhya AtmAoM tathA karmazIla prakRti kI paraspara pratikriyA kA pariNAma btaayaa| isameM prakRti ke guNa va vikAsa kA nayA vizleSaNa huaa| anya dArzanikoM ne sAMkhya darzana ke puruSa aura prakRti viSaya ko kliSTa va bhrAmaka khaa| .. __yogazAstra para vizada vizleSaNa : yoga ko sAmAnya rUpa meM eka kriyAvidhi kahA gayA, jisakA kriyAtmaka rUpa saMyamI jIvana hotA hai| pAtaMjali kA yogazAstra pramukha hai| AtmaviSayaka yathArthatA kI

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jJAna vijJAna kA vikAsa evaM sAmAjika jIvana kI gati prApti ko yogakalA mAnA gyaa| isameM diyA hai-yama, niyama va naitika sAdhanA kA mahattva tathA zarIra para niyaMtraNa aura prANAyAma para bl| inake sivAya dArzanika dhArAoM meM mImAMsakoM (pUrva va utara) ke nizcayAtmavAda, zaMkarAcArya ke advaitavAda, rAmAnuja ke IzvaravAda, zaiva, zAkta tathA paravartI vaiSNavoM kI Izvara-jagat vivecanA aura Adhunika kAla ke zrI aravinda ke sarvAMga darzana kA nAma bhI ginAyA jA sakatA hai| jJAna-darzana vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi meM mAnava kA sAmAjika vikAsa : __ bhArata ke tatkAlIna jJAna va darzana ke vikAsa kI tulanA meM mAnava kA sAmAjika vikAsa utanA prakhara nahIM rahA, balki samagra jana samudAya kI dRSTi se to kahA jA sakatA hai ki ucca varNa ke sivAya anya vargoM ke loga to sAmAjika dRSTi se kAphI pichar3e aura upekSA ke pAtra bane rhe| saca to yaha hai ki taba vyaktivAda kI hI pramukhatA thI arthAt jo vyakti yA to zAsana vyavasthA se jur3e the yA rAjA, sAmanta Adi athavA dharmopadeza va kriyAkAMDa se jur3e the brAhmaNa, purohita Adi-ve hI kartA dhartA bane hue the| bahusaMkhyaka samudAya inhIM kA kRpAkAMkSI banane kA yatna kiyA karatA thaa| vAstavikatA yaha thI ki yaha bahusaMkhyaka samudAya jihvAhIna jaisA thA yAnI ki rAjya prabaMdha yA sAmUhika kAryoM meM inakI koI AvAja nahIM thii| taba taka yaha sAmAjika dRSTikoNa bhI paidA nahIM huA thA ki isa bahusaMkhyaka samudAya kI azikSA, nirdhanatA evaM vyAvasAyikatA ko sudhArane kI tarapha koI adhikRta rUpa se dhyAna diyA jaay| rAjA kA prajA pAlana kA karttavya avazya kahA jAtA thA kintu vaha karttavya ucca varNa ke vargoM taka hI sImita thaa| usa samaya meM mAnava ke jIvana kA vikAsa bhI apane prAraMbhika caraNoM meM hI cala rahA thaa| AdimakAla kI niSkriyatA se mAnava jIvana bAhara nikalA hI thA aura nirvAha ke sAdhanoM kA vaha vikAsa karane meM lagA thaa| pazupAlana se Age bar3hakara kRSi kArya meM vaha niyojita ho gayA thA tathA Aga ke anusaMdhAna ke pazcAt rahana-sahana evaM khAna-pAna kI paddhatiyoM meM nayApana Ane lagA thaa| phira bastiyoM kA phailAva huA aura nagara basane lge| sAtha hI vyApAra-vANijya kA prasAra bhI hone lgaa| samartha vargoM meM zAsaka evaM dharmazikSaka ke bAda vyApArI kA varga bhI zAmila ho gyaa| phira bhI ye tInoM varga alpasaMkhyA meM the ata: inakI jIvanazailI sAmAnya jana ke rahana-sahana se alaga hI rhii| vaise prAcInakAla kA itihAsa bhI asala meM unnata vargoM kA itihAsa hI hai, jisase sAmAnya jana kI sAmAjika sthiti kI sahI jAnakArI nahIM milatI hai| RSiyoM, tIrthaMkaroM, buddhoM, guruoM, paigambaroM ne kiyA dharma siddhAntoM kA nirUpaNa: jJAnAloka meM vicaraNa karane vAle RSiyoM, tIrthaMkaroM, buddhoM, guruoM tathA paigambaroM ne apane-apane dRSTikoNoM ke anusAra dharma siddhAntoM kA nirUpaNa kiyaa| adhikAMza dharma pravartakoM ne apane siddhAntoM meM mAnavatA, zAnti, sahayoga jaise guNoM ko pramukha sthAna diyA to bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vyaktimattA ke sthAna para guNavattA ko sarvocca kahA-vyakti kI nahIM, guNoM kI pUjA honI cAhiye tAki sAmAnya se sAmAnya jana bhI guNa grAhaka banakara apane jIvana vikAsa kI preraNA para ske| yoM jahAM taka siddhAntoM kA prazna hai, sabhI dharmoM meM unheM udAra va mAnavatAvAdI rUpa diyA hai (apavAda ko chor3a deM) kintu 55

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sucaritram unake pAlana meM yA ki dharma-pravartakoM ke uttarAdhikAriyoM ke samaya meM kaI siddhAntoM ko vyavahAra kI dRSTi se saMkucita dAyaroM meM jakar3a diyA gyaa| pramukhatA kI dRSTi se saMsAra meM nimna dharmoM kA mahattva mAnA jAtA hai hindU dharma : vedoM, upaniSadoM, purANoM tathA bhagavatagItA ke adhyayana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki isa dharma ke siddhAnta mata matAntaroM ke bAvajUda vikAsazIla rahe haiN| udAra siddhAntoM ke uparAnta bhI jIvana vyavahAra meM anudAratA samAI rhii| 'brahmA satyaM jaganmithyA' kI mAnyatA ke sAtha saMsAra ko mAyAmaya mAnA gayA ataH sAdhanA kA lakSya 'so'haM' hI rhaa| upaniSadoM meM dArzanikatA sUkSmadhArA meM bahI to gItA ne karma yoga para vizada-vivecana prastuta kiyaa| trimUrti meM brahmA, viSNu evaM ziva hai jo kramazaH saMsAra ke janmadAtA, pAlanakartA evaM saMhAraka mAne gaye haiN| devatAoM kI saMkhyA taitIsa karor3a hai para viziSTa devatAoM meM dyauH (prakRti), varuNa (sadAcArI), indra (vijaya), brahmA (pUrNa rUpa) kA sthAna, hai| cAra yuga batAye gaye-1. kRtayuga (samAdhi), 2. tretAyuga (yajJa), 3. dvApara (pUjA) aura 4. kaliyuga (stuti praarthnaa)| dharma ke Abhyantara jJAna ke do udgama sthAna kahe gaye-1. vastuniSTha aura 2. aatmnisstth| isa dharma meM aneka samudAya-upasamudAya bane tathA unhoMne apanI mata bhinnatA ke anusAra siddhAntoM kA vizleSaNa kiyaa| phira bhI zaMkarAcArya, vivekAnanda jaisI mahAn vibhUtiyoM ne isakA vyApaka prasAra kiyaa| jaina dharma : sUtrakRtAMga ke anusAra jaina dharma eka vAkya meM paribhASita kiyA jA sakatA hai ki kisI bhI jIva ko kaSTita-klezita na karane vAlA vyakti nirvANa prApta kara sakatA hai aura yahI ahiMsA jaina dharma kA sAra hai aura parama dharma hai| eka hI zabda kyoM na kaheM ki jaina dharma arthAt ahiNsaa| jaina sUtroM meM 11 aMga, 12 upAMga, 4 mUlasUtra va 4 cheda sUtra evaM eka Avazyaka sUtra sammilita haiN| sUtroM kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM vibhinna sampradAyoM meM matabheda hai| jaina sAhitya vizAla hai tathA ati prAcIna graMthoM kI saMkhyA bhI bahuta hai| ahiMsA kA sabhI siddhAntoM tathA vratoM para gaharA prabhAva hai| sAdhu sAdhvI ke 5 mahAvrata tathA zrAvaka-zrAvikA ke 12 aNuvrata, eka prakAra se ahiMsA kA hI phailAva hai| vaicArika ahiMsA kA pratIka hai anekAntavAda to Arthika ahiMsA kA pAlana parigraha tyAga yA parigraha parimANa (aparigrahavAda) dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| jainoM ke unnata vicAroM ko darzAtA hai-jaina nItizAstra, tarkazAstra, tattva vidyA, dravya paryAya varNana, pramANa naya siddhAnta, Atma-paramAtmavAda aadi| karmavAda kA siddhAMta jaina dharma kA ati mahattvapUrNa siddhAMta hai| bauddha dharma : gautama buddha isa dharma ke pravartaka the jo mahAvIra ke samavartI the| isa dharma kA lakSya dhArmika vizvAsa aura bhautika vijJAna ke madhya samanvaya sthApita karanA thaa| bauddha vicAradhArA jIvana kA artha parivartana mAnatI hai jo anityavAdI hai| isakA sAhitya piTaka (naitika niyamoM kI piTAriyAM) kahalAtA hai jisake tIna vibhAga hai- 1. sutta (kathAeM), 2. vinaya (anuzAsana) va 3. abhidhamma (siddhAMta) haiN| pratyeka vibhAga nikAya Adi pAMca bhAgoM meM baMTA huA hai| pAMca Arya satya ke anusAra duHkha kA kAraNa kahI gaI hai, indriyoM Adi sAdhanoM kI prabala tRSNA evaM laalsaa| jJAna ke liye viSayaniSTha kendroM kA honA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| isake pratItya samutpAda siddhAMta ke anusAra 56

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jJAna vijJAna kA vikAsa evaM sAmAjika jIvana kI gati avidyA se hI tRSNA-Asakti Adi ke saMskAra utpanna hote haiM ataH avidyA ke vinAza se hI duHkha kA nidAna hotA hai| ATha sUtrIya Arya mArga kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai-samyak dRSTi, saMkalpa, vAk, karmAnta, AjIva, vyAyAma, smRti tathA smaadhi| yaha aSTAMga mArga bauddha naitika jIvana kA sAra hai| IsAI dharma : paigambara IsA masIha ne yaha dharma calAyA jisakA mukhya lakSya mAnava sevA hai| IsAI carca ke tIna sampradAya haiM- 1. grIka, 2. romana ketholika aura 3. prottesttentt| isakA AdhAra graMtha hai bAIbila, jisameM purAne va naye siddhAMtoM (TesTAmeMnTsa) kA vivecana hai| girajAghara IsAI dharma ke guruoM (bizapa-phAdara) ke upadeza va prArthanA ke sthala hote haiN| siddhAMtoM meM paramAtmA ke prati AsthA, saba jIvoM prati samadRSTi, satya bhASaNa, dIna hIna kI sahAyatA Adi mukhya hai| islAma dharma : paigambara mohammada sAhaba kI vANI mukhya graMtha kurAna meM saMgrahita hai-vahI dhArmika, naitika, sAmAjika Adi Adeza-nirdezoM kA srota / islAma zabda kA artha hai shaanti| kurAna ke mukhya siddhAnta haiM-dharma meM hiMsA nahIM karanA, kuphra ko bardAzta nahI karanA, sabako bhAI-bahana samajha pyAra karanA va napharata nahIM karanI, khudA ko saba kucha mAnanA aadi| pratyeka muslima kA jAti pharja-1. jakAta de, 2. roja cAra bAra namAja par3he, 3. salAma duA kare, 4. ramajAna meM rojA rakhe aura 5. makkA kI haja kre| isake siddhAntoM meM 'so'ham' kI taraha anahalaka kI mAnyatA hai, kintu paristhitiyoM ke anusAra musalamAnoM meM kaTTaratA jyAdA panapI aura usake duSpariNAma bhI sAmane A rahe haiN| sikha dharma : guru nAnaka sikha dharma ke saMsthApaka the| jisa samaya meM isa dharma kA pravartana huA usa samaya mugala bAdazAhoM ke dhArmika atyAcAra huA karate the, ataH isameM vIra bhAva kA adhika samAveza hai| jisako amRta cakhA diyA vaha jaise dharma kA sainika bana gyaa| gurudvArA sikhoM kA dharmasthala hotA hai jahAM graMtha sAhiba kA pATha va pravacana hotA hai| guru paramparA meM sikha dharma kA vikAsa huaa| isakA sudhAravAdI dRSTikoNa hai| pArasI dharma : yaha prAcIna dharma hai tathA paigambara juroztra dvArA pravartita huaa| agni pUjA inakA mukhya karmakAMDa hai| vyavahAra meM pUrNa pavitratA isa dharma kI kuMjI hai| mukhya graMtha avestA hai jisameM sAta siddhAMta varNita haiN| dArzanika paramparA, tAttvika cintana Adi se hotA rahA vicAra maMthana : prAcIna kAla meM zAstrArtha kI paramparA bahulatA se pracalita thI- ise vidvAnoM kI kuztI kA nAma diyA jA sakatA hai| apane pAMDitya ko vijayI pratiSThita karane kA yaha upAya thA jo adhikatara rAjyAzraya meM sampanna hotA thaa| vidvAnoM kI hAra jIta ke DaMke bajate the, jIte huoM ko pAlakhI, saropAva, jAgora Adi se sammAnita kiyA jAtA thA jisase vidvAnoM kI pratiSThA bar3hatI thii| zAstrArtha paramparA kA sabase bar3A lAbha yaha thA ki isa bahAne dArzanika maMtavyoM tathA dhArmika tattvoM para upayogI vicAra maMthana hotA rahatA thaa| isa vicAra maMthana se sthApanAoM kI puSTi hotI thI to naInaI TIkAoM kA janma hotA thaa| AlocanA ke isa mArga se upayogI saMzodhanoM ke dvAra bhI khulate the| isa prakAra mUla graMthoM para anyAnya AcAryoM evaM vidvAnoM kI TIkAeM, niyuktiyAM tathA anya prakAra kI

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sucaritram AlocanAeM prakaTa hotI thI jinake mAdhyama se mUla dArzanika mAnyatAoM tathA dhArmika tattvoM ke saMdarbha meM vyApaka sAhitya likhA gyaa| bhAratIya sAhitya ke isa rUpa meM hue prasAra ne kaI videzI vidvAnoM kA dhyAna bhI AkarSita kiyaa| unhoMne inakA adhyayana kiyA tathA aneka zAstroM, sUtroM kA jarmana, aMgrejI Adi bhASAoM meM anuvAda kiyA aura apanI TippaNiyAM likhii| jarmana vidvAn epha. meksa mUlara, jArja bulhara, jemsa laggI, ela. eca. milsa, haramana jekobI, juliyasa jelI Adi vidvAnoM ne sampUrNa bhAratIya dArzanika tathA dhArmika sAhitya para pUrI sIrIja prakAzita kI hai, jisameM 50 graMtha haiM / isa sIrIja meM saMsAra bhara ke mUla graMthoM ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai| jinameM mukhya hai- upaniSada, uttarAdhyayana evaM sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, bhagavatgItA, dhammapada, anya bauddha sUtra, saMdarbha puMDarikA, anya jaina sUtra, vaidika RcAeM, vedAnta sUtra, cIna ke pavitra graMtha, kurAna, atharva veda ke maMtra, gRha sUtra aadi| isa sIrIja kA antima 50 vA~ graMtha iMDeksa hai tathA sIrIja kA nAma 'pUrva ke pavitra graMtha' (sekreDa TeksTsa oNva dI IsTa) hai| jaina sUtroM kA sampAdana mukhyataH meksamUlara tathA haramana jekobI ne kiyA hai| ina sUtroM kI gAthAoM kA aMgrejI meM anuvAda saTIka hai tathA bhUmikAoM ko par3hane se spaSTa hotA hai ki ina vidvAnoM ne choTe-choTe binduoM kA bhI zodha kI dRSTi se gaharA adhyayana kiyA hai| vicAra maMthana kA krama bhArata meM zAstrArtha ke bAda khaMDana-maMDana ke rUpa meM calatA rhaa| eka pakSa apane mata kA maMDana karatA thA to dUsarA pakSa usakA khNddn| rUpa zAstrArtha kA hI thA, kintu vAdavivAda kA stara nimna koTi kA hotA gayA, jisakA pariNAma thA ki vicAra maMthana kama aura sira phuTaubala jyAdA hone lagA, kyoMki isa praNAlI kA uddezya niSkarSa nikAlanA nahIM balki apanI jo bhI mAnyatA ho to, usameM satyAsatya ko dekhe binA kisI bhI tarka se usakI puSTi karanA thaa| bhautika vijJAna kI pragati yuga parivartanakArI siddha huI hai : AdhyAtmika jJAna kI samunnati ke bAda bhautika vijJAna kI pragati kI mukhya zatAbdI rahI hai bIsavIM zatAbdI aura isa zatAbdI ke anta taka vijJAna kI pragati na kevala AzcaryakArI, apitu yuga parivartanakArI siddha huI hai| isa pragati ke vibhinna pahaluoM kI saMkSipta jhalaka isa prakAra hai___ bAhya antarikSa meM jIvana : vaijJAnika bAhya antarikSa meM jIvana kI khoja karane meM juTe hue haiN| isa mAnyatA kA AdhAra yaha hai ki pRthvI para ulkApiMDoM kI varSA meM jIvana kI AdhArabhUta saMracanAeMamIno amla. sAirosIna (DI. ena. e. aNa) perephIna sadaza aNa. jIvAzma zaivAla va parAgakaNa Adi pAye jAte haiN| inheM jaivika kaNa mAnA jAtA hai| bAhya antarikSa ke piMDoM se Ane vAle kRtrima saMketoM kA bhI reDiyo dUradarzI se aMkana kiyA gayA hai| anumAna hai ki saura parivAra meM pRthvI jaise anya sajIva graha bhI vidyamAna hoN| antarikSa jaivikI ke viSaya meM gaharI khoja jArI hai| cikitsA kSetra kI nUtana dizAeM : cikitsA kSetra meM naye bhautikI upakaraNoM-lejara, supara kaMDakTarsa, mAikroveva, TrAMsamITarsa, meMganeTa, pArarkila ekselereTarsa Adi kA AviSkAra huA hai| kriTona kA svacAlita cikitsAlaya bhI kAryarata huA hai| zarIra ke bhItara pratirodhI paddhati (imyUna 58

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jJAna vijJAna kA vikAsa evaM sAmAjika jIvana kI gati sisTama), maoNnoklonala eMTI boDI, ema. Ara. AI. sisTama (bhItarI phoTo) Adi ke AviSkAra se nidAna evaM cikitsA AsAna banI hai| kaiMsara kI cikitsA ke liye proTona kiraNa kA upayoga hone lagA hai| nyUTrona va proTIna therepI bhI zuru huI hai| - yAMtrika kAyAkalpa : yAMtrika mAnava, mazIna yA roboTa kA vikAsa carama sImA taka huA hai| kaI prakAra ke bhArI kAma bhI roboTa nirdezAnusAra yA svataH bhI kara sakatA hai| sAibarga yA bAyo roboTa mukhya hai| pramukha aMgoM kA pratyAropaNa saphalatApUrvaka ho rahA hai, kintu kRtrima aMgoM ke vikAsa kI dizA meM acchI pragati huI hai| kahA jA rahA hai ki kloniMga sisTama se vRkSAMkura ke samAna kSata-vikSata aMgoM kA punaH aMkuraNa bhI kiyA jA skegaa| kRtrima aMgoM meM TAMga, bAMha, nAka, kAna, AMkha, kaMTha, bAla, kUlhA , ghuTanA Adi kA upayoga ho rahA hai| hRdaya, yakRta, gurde, phephar3e, AmAzaya, snAyu, raktavAhiniyoM, mastiSka ke uttakoM, aMDAzaya Adi kA pratyAropaNa saMbhava hai| tvacAropaNa meM bhArI pragati huI hai| phase TeknolojI meM pratyAropaNa kI naI khojeM ho rahI haiN| halke plAsTika kI asthiyoM kA vikAsa kiyA jA rahA hai| ___ kampyUTara vijJAna meM krAnti : saoNphTaveara, hArDaveara Adi kI vibhinna takanIkoM ke sAtha kampyUTara vijJAna bahuta unnata ho rahA hai| aba takanIka meM yaha parivartana kiyA jA rahA hai ki bAhya vAtAvaraNa ko mastiSka ke bhItara utpanna kiyA jA sakegA jisase kalpanA kI jA rahI hai ki eka dina kampyUTara samagra vAtAvaraNa kA hissA bana jaaegaa| porTebala kampyUTara, lepaTopa Adi aba upakaraNa nahIM, manuSya ke sahAyaka bana gaye haiN| ___pariSkRta roboTa : roboTa (kRtrima mAnava) kI aba to svAyattatA kAyama hone lagI hai| aba gharoM meM vyaktigata roboTa kAma karane lage haiN| iMTIgreDa roboTika praNAlI kA tejI se vikAsa ho rahA hai| roboTa praNAlI meM vANI ko bhI sakriya kara diyA gayA hai jisase ghara yA phArma para tainAta roboTa phona para pUchatAcha kA javAba de skeNge| ve ucita nirdeza grahaNa kara tadanusAra kAryoM ko sampanna bhI kara skeNge| parivArajanoM kI ruci ko samajhakara ye nAzte ke sAmAna kA ArDara bhI de deMge, kyoMki inameM kRtrima mastiSka kA vikAsa kiyA gayA hai| ___ kRSi vikAsa meM vaijJAnika pragati : jIna niyaMtraNa meM saphalatA prApta kara lene ke kAraNa phasaloM meM icchita sudhAra kiyA jA sakegA tathA jaivika boliTika upakaraNoM kA prayoga bhI saMbhava ho jaaegaa| jeneTika iMjIniyariMga se jIvANaoM ke nirmANa kI bAta bhI kI jA rahI hai| pAyalaTa rahita mazInoM ke anusaMdhAna para bhI kAphI kAma kiyA jA rahA hai| batAyA jAtA hai ki aba TraikTara khuda caleMge aura urvarakoM ke kAraNa bhUjala ke pradUSaNa kI samasyA nahIM hogii| anAja kI upaja meM abhUtapUrva krAnti kI AzA hai| vaijJAnikoM kA dAvA hai ki aba ve sthUla viSayoM se Age mana ke sUkSma viSaya para bhI naI khojeM kara rahe haiM tathA agrima anusaMdhAnoM meM juTe hue haiN| mana prakSepaNa : mana kA mastiSka ke sAtha gaharA saMbaMdha mAnA gayA hai tathA vaha buddhi, indriyoM tathA sthUla deha se sambaddha rahatA hai| mana aisA svarNima jyotirmaya piMDa mAnA gayA hai jo 'buddhi maMDala' ke zikhara para hotA hai| yaha AMtarika saMvedanA kA pratibimba rUpa hai| mana aura indriyAM buddhi kI preraNA se 59

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sucaritram 60 kAryarata rahate haiN| Adhunika saMdarbha meM 'TrAina brena maoNDala' kI saMkalpanA kI gaI hai| jisake tIna bhAga hote hai - 1. risopTiva kaoNmpaleksa, 2. limbika sisTama va 3. niyo kaoNraTeksa ina tInoM ke alagaalaga vaicArika kArya hote haiN| yaha zodha manovaijJAnika phrAyaDa kI dhAraNA se mela khAtI hai jisameM mana tIna prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai - 1. iDa, 2. igo evaM 3. supara igo / mana ke vyavasthita saMcAlana ke liye smRti, kalpanA aura cintana se mastiSka kA eka viziSTa kendra punargaThita kiyA jAegA aura dhyAna se vizeSa purnasaMgaThana hogA ki kArya atIndriya rUpa dhAraNa kara le| yoga se mastiSka meM UrjA kA saMcaya karake use sUcanA kA bhaMDAra banA diyA jAegA aura usakA vizeSa rUpa se saMcAlana hogaa| mastiSka ke guNasUtroM para jIna lagegA, jahAM pratyeka guNa sutra meM 200 karor3a sUcanAeM samAhita hogii| aise limbika sisTama para mana kA prakSepaNa kiyA jAyegA / sUkSma zarIra prakSepaNa: parA manovijJAna ne gaharI khoja kI hai aura eksTIriyala projekSana thyorI nikAlI hai| isake anusAra zarIra do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai - 1. prakRta bhautika zarIra tathA 2. sAikika zarIra arthAta mn| ise DuplIkeTa zarIra kahA jAtA hai jo saghana bhautika zarIra kI apekSA ucca AvRtti ke gamana vAle ilekTroDa se sampanna hotA hai| yaha sAikika Dabala kI thyorI hai| isake anusAra nIMda meM bhAva samAdhi meM, bImArI kI kamajorI meM yaha zarIra se bAhara gamana karatA huA bhautika zarIra ke cAroM ora rahatA hai, jo vyakti kI dRSTi meM acetana hai| donoM zarIroM ke bIca meM rajata rajjU (silvara korDa) kA jor3a rahatA hai, jisake TUTane para mRtyu ho jAtI hai| vaijJAnikoM ke anusAra brahmAMDa meM ilekTromegneTika sattA vidyamAna hai jo graha nakSatroM kI bhramaNazIlatA aura AkarSaNa ke ubhayapakSIya prayojana pUre ise prANazakti kA pravAha mAnA gayA hai| aNu - paramANuoM kI saMracanA tathA gatividhiyoM ke rUpa meM yaha zakti pratyeka jIvadhArI meM dRzyamAna hai| UrjA ke rUpa meM yaha zakti manuSya zarIra ke cAroM ora phailI hai, jisa UrjA ko jIvadhArI apanI AvazyakatA ke anusAra grahaNa karatA hai| use hI tejovalaya kahate haiM aura isI kA prakSepaNa sUkSma zarIra kA prakSepaNa kahalAtA hai / atIndriya zakti kI pahacAna : saMyoga se haTakara jaba kaI saMkhyAoM meM parIkSaNa doharAyA jAya, taba atIndriya zakti kI pahacAna hotI hai| isa para vaijJAnika bhAMti-bhAMti ke prayoga kara rahe haiN| ise TelIporTezana kI thyorI ke mAdhyama se pahacAna banAne kI ceSTAeM kI jA rahI hai| atIndriya zakti sAmAnya anubhava se pare hai jo vismayakArI hai tathA parAmana yA parA - mAnasika tattva ke sAtha jur3I huI hai| isI zakti dvArA sammohana evaM vicAra sampreSaNa kI kriyAeM sampanna kI jA sakatI hai / sammohana kA cikitsA kSetra meM prayoga kiyA jA rahA hai jise meDikala sAinsa meM 'narvasa slIpa' kahate haiM / sammohana kA mukhya AdhAra asaMvedana hai| isake dvArA vicAra evaM kriyAkalApa kA sthagana ho jAtA hai| yaha taba hotA hai jaba bAhya uddIpaka indriyoM ko prabhAvita karane meM asamartha siddha hotA hai / yoM mastiSka kI kriyA pUrNataH nilambita nahIM hotI hai| sammohana takanIka se vilupta huI smRtiyA~ punaH jAgRta hotI hai| vaijJAnikoM kA vizvAsa hai ki pUrvajanma kI smRtiyoM ko jagAnA bhI saMbhava ho jAegA / brahmAMDIya cetanA ke sAtha saMbaMdha sthApita ho jAne se parokSa darzana, pUrvAbhAsa, atIta jJAna evaM vicAra saMpreSaNa taka saMbhava ho skegaa| T vicAra saMpreSaNa kI takanIka : vicAra saMpreSaNa kA aMgrejI zabda hai TelIpethI / yaha viSayaniSTha

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jJAna vijJAna kA vikAsa evaM sAmAjika jIvana kI gati mastiSka (sabajekTiva mAiMDa) kI sahabhAgitA hotA hai| yaha atyanta ghaniSTha saMbaMdhoM vAle vyaktiyoM ke bIca hI saMbhava hai| mesamara graha nakSatra eka tarala dravya dvArA prANI ke zarIra para kArya karatA hai, prabhAva DAlatA hai-jise 'enImala megnezana' kahA jAtA hai - yaha cumbaka se saMbaMdhita hai| manovaijJAnika zAkhA dvArA bhI isakA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai| cumbakIya prabhAva se sammohana kiyA jAtA / isakI takanIka hai samIkaraNa (paoNlerAijezana) tathA nirdezana (sajezana) kii| cumbaka ke tApakrama kA zarIra para prabhAva par3atA hai jo grahoM kI cumbakIya UrjA se jur3a kara eka vyakti se dUsare vyakti ke mAnasa ko prabhAvita karatI hai| yaha atIndriya zakti ke sAmarthya se hotA hai / kvAMTama bhautikI aura parA- mana- yaha atIndriya zakti vijJAna kI kvAMTama thyorI se spaSTa hotI hai| eka prazna hai ki kyA kvAMTama bhautikI aura parA-mana yA parA mAnasika sattA bhautika svarUpa yAnI AkAra meM dekhI jA sakatI hai? klAsikala bhautikI kI do vismayakArI khojeM batAI jA rahI hai - 1. prakAza kA doharAtmaka vyavahAra tathA 2. lagabhaga bIsa naye elImenTarI kaNoM kI khoja / UrjA ke asatata vikiraNa se phoTona banatA hai aura phoTo ilekTrika vizleSaNa kA artha hai ilekTrona utsarjana jisakA vyavahAra prakAza kaNa kI taraha hotA hai aura yaha doharA vyavahAra hai prakAza kaNa kA bhI aura prakAza taraMga kA bhI / parA mana bhI phoTona kI taraha doharA vyavahAra karatA hai / mana kI ucca AvRtti kI taraMgeM aura kaNIya prakRti bhI doharA vyavahAra karatI hai| mana kI gati kA sunizcita patha nahIM hotA aura zarIra meM mana kI sthiti kA bhI vijJAna ko jJAna nahIM hotaa| mana kA kevala saMbhAvya nirdhAraNa kiyA gayA hai - yaha mana kI anizcitatA (anasarTenTirI) kA siddhAnta kahA jAtA hai aura yahI kvAMTama thyorI hai| isI se bhUtakAla kI ghaTanA kI jAnakArI hotI hai to isI se bhaviSya kA pUrvAbhAsa bhI / -vijJAna ke vikAsa kA sAmAjika gatikraya ke sAtha tAlamela nahIM : jJAna prAcInakAla se lekara mAdhyamika kAla taka AdhyAtmika jJAna kA apUrva vikAsa huA aura dArzanika dhArAeM pravAhita huii| usa samaya sAmAnya rUpa se logoM kI Arthika sthiti acchI thii| yahAM 'logoM' se Ama logoM kA matalaba nikAlanA kucha bhrAmaka hai, kyoMki usa samaya na to sAmudAyikatA kI cetanA jagI thI jisase samAja ke astitva ko parikalpanA hotI aura na hI nimnavargIya bahusaMkhyaka logoM ke vajUda kA hI koI khAsa mahattva ginA jAtA thA / yaha Akalana varNa vyavasthA ke saMdarbha meM adhika spaSTa ho jAtA hai| varNa vyavasthA ke anusAra sampUrNa janasaMkhyA cAra varNoM meM vibhAjita thI- 1. kSatriya (rAjakAja calAne vAlA varga), 2. brAhmaNa ( paThana pAThana, kriyAkAMDa karAne tathA rAjya kA mArga nirdezita karane vAlA varga), 3. vaizya (vyApAra vANijya karane tathA kSatriyoM - brAhmaNoM ko prasanna rakhane vAlA varga) 4. zUdra (kRSi, zrama karane tathA tInoM vargoM ke sivAya sabako zAmila karane vAlA vrg)| zUdra varga ko mUla rUpa se hI nIca yA sevaka varga mAnA gyaa| Upara ke tIna varNoM kI janasaMkhyA alpa thI to zUdroM kI saMkhyA vipula / sArA rAjakAja tInoM varNoM se nyUnAdhika rUpa se saMbaMdhita rahatA thA, lekina zUdra varNa kI kahIM koI AvAja nahIM thI / jahAM taka jJAna ke vikAsa kA saMbaMdha hai, usase bhI zUdra varNa ko achUtA rakhA gayA thaa| jJAnAbh 61

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sucaritram kriyAkAMDoM meM zUdra kI bhAgIdArI niSiddha thii| yahAM niSedha isa ati taka thA ki yadi chala yA bhUla se bhI zUdra veda vAkyoM kA zravaNa kara le to usake kAnoM meM pighalA huA zIzA DalavA denA caahiye| yaha eka tathya hI spaSTa kara detA hai ki zadra kA tatkAlIna samAja meM kyA sthAna thA? droNAcArya-ekalavya prasaMga bhI isI tathya ko siddha karatA hai ki ucca vargoM ko zUdra varNa kI svopArjita upalabdhi bhI sahya nahIM thii| tabhI to jJAnI vidvAn guru droNAcArya taka ne ekalavya se dAhine hAtha ke aMgUThe kI guru-dakSiNA mAMga lI jisase dhanuSa calAyA jAtA hai jabaki unheM guru-dakSiNA pAne kA koI adhikAra nahIM thaa| aisI jaTila varNa-vyavasthA meM jaina evaM bauddha dharma pravartakoM dvArA sudhAra ke prabhAvakArI prayAsa kie gae kintu samayAntara meM unakI adhika saphalatA nahIM dekhI jA skii| tabhI to mAdhyamika kAla meM mahAkavi tulasIdAsa jaise saMta kavi ne bhI likha DAlA-'Dhora, gaMvAra, zUdra aru nArI-ye saba haiM tAr3ana ke adhikaarii'| ataH sAmAnya rUpa se yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki jJAna-vijJAna ke vikAsa kA samuccaya rUpa se sAmAjika gati krama ke sAtha tAlamela nahIM baiThA aura tadanusAra sampUrNa samAja ke sabhI vargoM meM unnati kI jo dhArA dekhI jAnI cAhiye thI, vaha nahIM dikhAI dii| saMbaMdhoM kA jAla hotA hai samAja, jisameM saMbaMdhoM kA saMkaTa gaharAtA rahA hai : ___ eka vyakti dUsare vyakti ke sAtha kisI bhI stara para jur3atA hai to hama kahate haiM ki unake bIca koI saMbaMdha hai| vyakti ko vyakti se jor3ate hue saMbaMdhoM ke ye sUtra eka neTavarka taiyAra karate haiM, jise hI hama samAja ke rUpa meM paribhASita karate Aye haiN| saMbaMdhoM evaM usase janmeM samAja se pRthak vyakti kI svataMtra pahacAna karanA bahuta kaThina hai| eka sAmAjika prANI inhIM saMbaMdhoM ke sahAre apane saMbaMdhoM kA saMsAra isa dRSTi se ativicitra evaM vistRta hai| janma se pahale aura janma ke bAda kaI saMbaMdhoM meM baMdhA mAnava svayaM saMbaMdhoM kI sImAeM, uttaradAyitva tathA AvazyakatAeM nizcita karatA hai-ve hI saMbaMdhoM kI saphalatA ke mUla haiN| saMbaMdha cAhe pati-patnI kA ho, pitA-mAtA yA putra kA, bhAI-bahina kA yA mitratA kA-sabameM kucha mUlabhUta bAtoM kA dhyAna rakhanA jarUrI hotA hai| isake viparIta tanika sI bhUla nikaTatama saMbaMdhoM meM bhI itanI dUriyAM banA detI hai ki vApisa lauTanA duzvAra ho jAtA hai| sAmAjika saMbaMdhoM kA mUla AdhAra hotI hai sNvednshiiltaa| saMbaMdhita donoM pakSa eka dUsare kI sthiti ko samajhate raheM aura yathA samaya yathA-zakya eka dUsare ko sahayoga dete raheM to usa saMbaMdha meM sthAyitva A sakatA hai| kisI bhI saMbaMdha ko banAnA utanA kaThina nahIM, jitanA ki use nibhAnA aura samarasatA ke sAtha sthAyitva kA rUpa denaa| isake liye hArdikatA samAna rUpa se banI rahanI caahiye| anya mUlabhUta bAteM ho sakatI haiM-paraspara vizvAsa, maryAdA pAlana, ni:svArtha sahayoga, sneha evaM sahanazIlatA aadi| saMvedanazIlatA jaba sabhI paristhitiyoM meM sarvadA sabhI sthAnoM evaM avasaroM para banI rahatI hai taba saMbaMdhoM meM sudRDhatA AtI hai aura saMbaMdha sthAyI banate haiN| yaha sudRr3hatA rakta saMbaMdhoM meM prAraMbha se nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM vidyamAna rahatI hai jisase rakta saMbaMdhoM kI sarasatA dIrghakAla taka banI raha sakatI hai| isa prakAra saMbaMdhoM ke jAla athavA samUhoM ke samUha kA nAma hI samAja kahalAtA hai| aise sAmAjika saMbaMdha jitane adhika vyApaka hoM, sAmAjikatA kA kSetra bhI utanA hI vyApaka ho

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jJAna vijJAna kA vikAsa evaM sAmAjika jIvana kI gati sakatA hai| Aja kI paristhitiyoM meM samAja pUre saMsAra taka phailA hai jisameM mAnava jAti ke sivAya sabhI prANiyoM (krUra jaMgalI pazu taka) kA samAveza ho sakatA hai| prAcInakAla meM samparka sImita thA to saMbaMdhoM kA jAla bhI sImita thA, kintu usa samaya kI saMskRti evaM sabhyatA ke anusAra saMvedanazIlatA kI kamI nahIM thii| dhArmika prabhAva bhI isakA sahAyaka thaa| vaise varNa-vyavasthA kI racanA bhI sAmAjika saMbaMdhoM ko suvyavasthita karane ke uddezya se hI huI thI, kintu usakA uddezya sAmAjika samAnatA kA nahIM thA, ataH jo zakti samUha the, ve hI mukhyataH varNa-vyavasthA se lAbhAnvita hue| bAda meM zakti samUhoM dvArA apane hita meM isa vyavasthA kA durupayoga zuru huA to nicale stara ke logoM para anyAya-atyAcAra kA vega bar3ha gyaa| isa sAmAjika utpIr3ana se dalita vargoM kA asantoSa bar3hatA rahA aura ve mukhya dhArA se kaTane lge| yaha dazA Aja bhI kinhI aMzoM meM cala rahI hai| pariNAmasvarUpa sAmAjika saMbaMdhoM kA saMkaTa gaharAtA rahA hai| isameM Arthika viSamatA ne bhI bar3I hAni pahuMcAI hai| saMbaMdhoM ko saMvedanazIla banAne ke liye jina tattvoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, ve tattva Arthika viSamatA kI sAmAjika sthiti meM kSata-vikSata hote rahe haiM aura Aja bhI ho rahe haiN| paraspara vizvAsa kA mukhya guNa hI jaise lupta ho rahA hai, jo nikaTastha rakta saMbaMdhoM meM bhI TUTatA najara A rahA hai| saMbaMdhoM ko nibhAne meM jo ucita samaya diyA jAnA cAhie, usakA bhI logoM ke pAsa abhAva hai| kaThora yA anucita vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai to usakA AdhAra mAtra hita bhAva nahIM rahA hai balki vaha svArtha se prabhAvita hotA hai| sabase Upara nijI svArtha itanA hAvI ho gayA hai ki pati-patnI yA pitA putra ke bIca bhI vizvAsa kI DorI majabUta nahIM rhii| ataH sAmAjika saMbaMdhoM ke saMkaTa mocana ke liye kaThina prayAsa Avazyaka ho gaye haiN| sAmAjika saMbaMdhoM ke samyaka nirvAha hetu caritra gaThana paramAvazyaka : bahuAyAmI vikAsa vizleSaNa se yaha tathya spaSTataH ubhara kara AtA hai ki jJAna evaM viveka kI prAthamika AvazyakatA to sadA rahatI hI hai, kintu vyakti, samAja yA vizva meM unnati yA avanati ke jaba-jaba bhI daura cale haiM, unameM pradhAna kAraka caritra hI dikhAI diyA hai| jaba-jaba vyaktiyoM meM caritra saMpannatA rahI to samAja meM bhI naitikatA evaM maryAdA kA ucca stara banA rahA, lekina jaba-jaba vyaktigata 'evaM samUhagata caritra meM girAvaTa AI hai, samAja meM saMbaMdhahInatA evaM dvanda kA daura-daurA rahA hai| vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki vyakti yA samAja kI unnati yA avanati meM caritra hI pahalA aura AkhirI kAraka rahA hai| caritrazIlatA hai to apane svArthoM kI apekSA samAja hita kA adhika dhyAna hai aura dUsaroM ke liye tyAgabalidAna kA bhAva hai| yadi caritrahInatA hai to apane svArthoM kA aMdhApana hai aura vaisI dazA meM saMgharSa, vaira, virodha tathA hiMsA ke phailAva ke sivAya aura kaisA vAtAvaraNa ho sakatA hai? sArAMza yaha hai ki caritra gaThana paramAvazyaka hai| caritra gaThana kA hI dUsarA nAma hai vyakti kA nirmANa aura mAnavatA kA saMcAra / vyakti caritrazIla banegA to samAja svataH hI sRjanazIla ho jaaegaa| samAja kaheM yA saMsAra, caritra hI isake vikAsa kA mUlAdhAra hai, jisakA dhAraka hogA vyakti yA mAnava aura saMsAra saMvaregA caritrazIlatA kI camaka se hii| vijaya kA yahI zAzvata mArga hai|

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aba taka ke vikAsa kA posTamArTama arthAt mAnava jIvana ke yathArtha kI khoja caritra kA yathArtha kahA~ aura kaisA? kahAnI hai catuSkoNIya cokora kI, jisake do koNa ekadama eka samAna to zeSa do koNa ekadama vipriit| kintu jaba parIkSA kI ghar3I AI to do samAna koNa ekadama asamAna ho gae aura inhIM se prakaTa huA mAnava jIvana ke yathArtha kI khoja kA rhsy| jinadatta seTha ke donoM putra jinarakSa aura jinapAla isa bAra pitA ke sthAna para videza yAtrA ke liye ravAnA hue| unakA samudrataTIya dezoM meM vistRta vANijya thaa| apane deza kI vikhyAta vastueM vahAM becate aura vahAM kI vikhyAta vastueM apane deza ko lAte-donoM ora lAbha hI lAbha kmaate| jinarakSa aura jinapAla ghara se vidA hokara apane jahAja para pahuMce, sArI vyavasthA kA nirIkSaNa kiyA aura jahAja ko ravAnA karane kA Adeza diyaa| kaI dinoM taka jahAja sAgara kI phailI huI nIlI sataha para Age bar3hatA rahA, kintu eka rAta acAnaka joradAra tUphAna uThA aura nIMda hI nIMda meM kitanI bar3I durghaTanA ghaTa gaI, bar3I muzkila se hI usakA ahasAsa huaa| subaha eka bar3e se Dolate hue lakar3I ke paTiye para donoM bhAI visphArita netroM se cAroM ora dekha rahe the aura unake mAla 64

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aba taka ke vikAsa kA posTamArTama arthAt mAnava jIvana ke yathArtha kI khoja On

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aba taka ke vikAsa kA posTamArTama arthAta mAnava jIvana ke yathArtha kI khoja se lade pUre jahAja kA kahIM bhI atA-patA nahIM thaa| ve vivaza the, usa paristhiti meM ve kyA kareM-unheM kucha bhI sujhAI nahIM diyaa| ___saMyoga se unakA lakar3I kA paTiyA eka aise taTa se jA lagA, jisako unhoMne na kabhI dekhA thA, balki usake bAre meM kabhI kucha sunA taka nahIM thaa| kaise bhI jIvana bace-yahI eka mAtra dhyAna thaa| jaba kinAre kI reta para calate hue ve dvIpa ke bhItarI hisse meM Age bar3hane lage to unheM vicitra AbhAsa hone lagA jaise vaha hakIkata nahIM, sapanA ho| sAmane adbhuta mahala se nikala kara eka sundarI jaise unhIM kI abhyarthanA ke liye samIpa A rahI thii| vaha sAmane AI to usake rUpa-saundarya ko donoM nihArate hI raha gye| usane madhuratA ke sAtha kahA-'Apa samudrI durghaTanA se thake-hAre dikhAI de rahe haiM, kRpayA calakara mere AvAsa meM vizrAma kreN|' aura kyA cAhiye thA-aMdhoM ko do-do AMkheM mila gii| jaisI mahala kI mAlakina sundara thI, vaisI hI sundara thI usake mahala kI vyvsthaa| bhojana se tRpta ho donoM apanI-apanI komala zayyAoM meM nidrAgrasta ho gye| jaba taro-tAjA hokara uThe to vahI sundarI unake samakSa khar3I thI, bolI-'maiM kAryavaza jarA dUra jA rahI hU~, derI se lauttuuNgii| ye cAbiyA~ lIjiye-taba taka Apa isa sundara mahala ko dekhiye, basa isake dakSiNI bhAga meM na jaaiegaa|' yaha kahakara vaha calI gii| - jinarakSa va jinapAla vismita, unake mana meM kautUhala jAgA ki niSiddha bhAga ko hI pahale dekhA jaae| dakSiNI hisse meM hI pahale phuNce| vahAM kyA dekhate haiM ki eka vyakti phAMsI para laTaka rahA hai, kintu abhI marA nahIM hai, dhIre-dhIre karAha rahA hai| eka kone meM haDDiyoM aura khopaDiyoM kA Dhera lagA hai| ve stabdha raha gaye-isa sundara mahala meM yaha kyA hai? ve phAMsI para laTaka rahe vyakti ke pAsa taka cale gaye aura bole-'bandhu! ApakI yaha durdazA kisane kI hai?' usane eka hicakI lI aura dhIredhIre kahA-'kyA Apa bhI samudrI durghaTanA meM phaMsa kara saMyoga se yahAM pahuMce haiM?' unhoMne hAM kahA to vaha bolA-'maiM bhI isI taraha pahuMcA thaa| yaha mahala kI jo mAlakina hai, vaha mAnavI nahIM, rAkSasI hai| bhUle bhaTakoM ko pahale AsarA detI hai, apane rUpa se lubhAtI hai aura antataH unakA khUna nicor3a kara pI jAtI hai, unako phAMsI para laTakA kara / Aja merI yaha dazA kI hai, kala Apa logoM kI bhI yahI dazA hogii|' to kyA bacAva kA koI upAya nahIM hai?-donoM ne pUchA / vaha bolA-mujhe bAda meM mAlUma huA merI hI taraha marate usa vyakti se| kyA hai vaha upAya, hameM batAiye, hama kisI bhI taraha bacanA cAhate haiMdonoM bhAiyoM ne gir3agir3A kara khaa| suno-'mahala kI pUrva dizA meM eka deva kA sthAna hai, vaha rakSaka hai| turanta usI ke pAsa cale jAo kahate-kahate usa vyakti kA sira lur3haka gyaa|' donoM bhAI bhAga kara deva ke sthAna para pahuMca gye| deva se karuNa vinati kI, deva prakaTa huaa| vaha saba jAnatA thA, phira bhI usane saba sunA aura nirdeza diyA-kala prAtaH yahIM pahuMca jAnA, tumheM eka ghor3A milegA vaha maiM hI houuNgaa| tuma donoM usa para savAra ho jAnA-savAra hote hI vaha AkAza meM ur3ane lagegA aura tumheM tumhAre ghara taka pahuMcA kara hI dama legaa| usane cetAvanI dI-jyoMhI ghor3A AkAza meM ur3Ana bharegA, vaha rAkSasI parama sundara rUpa se pIchA karegI, moha kA jAla phailAegI aura sabhI hathakaNDe karegI, para donoM kataI pIche na dekheN| jyoMhI kisI kI najara pIche calI gaI to ghoDA use 65

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sucaritram apanI pITa para se nIce phaiMka degaa| ___ usa dina jaisA usa sundarI ne cAhA, donoM bhAiyoM ne kiyA yaha socakara ki use prasanna karake chala se hI mahala chor3anA hogaa| unake vyavahAra se rAkSasI santuSTa ho gaI aura nizcinta bhii| jaisA deva ne kahA thA, donoM bhAI vahAM pahuMca gaye, ghor3e para savAra bhI ho gaye aura ghor3A AkAza meM ur3ane bhI lgaa| tabhI pIche dhuMghuruoM kI jhaMkAra ke sAtha nRtyamaya saMgIta laharAne lagA-donoM ke kAna sihara utthe| phira praNaya yAcanA aura rudana ke svara guuNje| vaha hogI rAkSasI, lekina donoM bhAiyoM ne to use adbhuta rUpavatI ke rUpa meM hI dekhA thA usakA salaunA ceharA jaise unakI AMkhoM ke Age ghUmane lgaa| socane lage-kitanA madhura rahA usakA vyavahAra, kitanA sukha diyA usane, kaisA AkarSaka hai usakA rUpakyA kareM, kyA na kareM? jinarakSa ne mana hI mana nirNaya liyA-deva kI ni:svArtha rakSA ko samajhanA cAhiye aura sundarI ke moha meM mana ko nahIM phaMsanA caahiye| vaha sthira rahA, kintu choTA bhAI jinapAla yuvA thA, usake dila meM vaha dAminI kI taraha basa gaI thii| use bhI surakSita ghara pahuMcanA thA, kintu socA prema aura rUpa kI mUrti ko sirpha eka najara bhara dekha lene se kyA bigar3egA? vaha mana ko nahIM roka pAyA aura usane pIche gardana ghumA lii| deva vAkya thA-jinapAla ghor3e ke pITha se girA to rAkSasI ne use talavAroM kI noMka para jhelaa| vaha usakI kSata-vikSata deha se rakta pIne lgii| samajhie cAra koNoM kI bAta aura mAnava jIvana kI yathArthatA kA rahasya : isa catuSkoNIya cokora ke cAra koNa haiM-1. jinarakSa, 2. jinapAla, 3. rakSaka deva tathA 4. hatyAriNI raaksssii| pahale ke do koNa sadguNI seTha jinadatta ke putra haiM zreSTha saMskAroM kI chAyA meM pale-bar3he aura viveka sampanna yuvaka bne| tIsarA koNa rakSaka deva kA hai yAnI ki jo dUsaro kI rakSA meM lagA rahatA hai aura paropakArI hotA hai, vahI to devattva hai| cauthA koNa hatyAriNI rAkSasI kA hai jo antataH hatyA karatI hai kintu sabako apane rUpa se mohita karatI hai tathA viveka ko bhI moha meM lapeTa kara kunda banA detI hai| kaI aisI rAkSasI ke moha meM paDa kara apanI prApta zreSTha upalabdhiyoM ko vyartha kara dete haiM aura apane isa amUlya jIvana ko patana ke gahare garta meM dhakela dete haiN| kaI ina pralocanoM kI ora AkarSita hone ke uparAnta bhI jIvana ke mahattva ko samajhate haiM aura apane ko sambhAla lete haiN| arthAt jIvana ko saceSTa evaM sakriya banA lete haiN| ina donoM dizAoM ke pratIka haiM jinarakSa evaM jinpaal| yadyapi donoM ke jIvana kI pRSThabhUmi eka-sI thI, saMskAra eka se the, kintu parIkSA kI ghar3I Ane para donoM kI dRr3hatA kA jo svarUpa sAmane AyA, vaha ekadama viparIta bana gyaa| mAnavI jIvana meM eka aisI lakSmaNa rekhA hotI hai| jisako pAra kara lene para sArI maryAdAeM TUTa jAtI haiM aura sadhA huA jIvana bikhara jAtA hai| jo apane jIvana patha para eka bAra DagamagA jAne ke bAvajUda samaya para sambhala jAtA hai aura lakSmaNa rekhA kA ullaMghana nahIM karatA, vaha apanI dRr3ha icchAzakti ke sahAre jIvana ko phira se saMvAra letA hai| girane aura sambhalane ke bIca kI bahuta kama dUrI hotI hai aura donoM avasthAoM kI manodazA meM bhI adhika antara nahIM AtA, parantu jo patana kI 66

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aba taka ke vikAsa kA posTamArTama arthAt mAnava jIvana ke yathArtha kI khoja kagAra taka pahuMca kara bhI vApisa lauTa AtA hai, vaha jIvana kI hArI huI bAjI ko bhI jIta letA hai| yahI caritra prakaTa huA jinarakSa kaa| dUsarI ora jIvana kI jItI huI bAjI ko bhI eka kSaNa kI darbalatA ke kAraNa hAra gayA jinapAla aura apane jIvana ko kho baiThA-jIvana khoyA hI nahIM, kaSTakArI yaMtraNAoM kA zikAra bhI bnaa|| ___ samajhane kI bAta hai ki yaha lakSmaNa rekhA kaunasI hai? yaha lakSmaNa rekhA hai caritra gaThana kii| caritra / kA artha hai dRr3hatA, saMkaToM se jujha kara bhI apane astitva ko surakSita rakhane kI kSamatA evaM ghanaghora aMdhere meM bhI prakAza kiraNa ko pAne kI yogytaa| anya kaI guNa prApta hone ke uparAnta bhI yadi caritra durbala hai to patana kI AzaMkA banI rahatI hai, kintu yadi caritra sabala hai to dUsarI kamajoriyoM ke dabAva ko jhelate hue bhI rAste se bhaTakAva nahIM hotaa| isake liye deva ko bhI samajhanA cAhiye aura rAkSasI ko bhI pahacAnanA caahiye| deva rakSA karatA hai arthAt apanI hI daivika vRttiyA~ evaM pravRttiyA~ apane jIvana kI yathArthatA ko jIvanta banAtI hai tathA usa jIvaTa ko banAye rakhatI hai| yadi deva ko rakSA pahale hI svIkAra kara leM to rAkSasI se bheMTa hone kA avasara hI nahIM AtA hai| phira bhI rAkSasI vRttiyA~ evaM manovRttiyA~ sAmAnya manuSya ke mana meM nyUnAdhika rUpa se ubharatI rahatI hai| yadi vivekazUnya hokara unake moha meM manuSya phaMsa jAtA hai aura avasara milane para bhI unase virata nahIM ho pAtA hai to anya prakAra se jIvana ko kitanA bhI bhale acchA kyoM na banAyA ho, use rAkSasI ke bheMTa car3hanA hI par3atA hai| mAnava jIvana kI yathArthatA kA rahasya hai manuSya kI caritraniSThA evaM critrsmpnntaa| jIvana ko sthiratA, samatolatA evaM sudRr3hatA dene vAlI zakti hai caritra kI zakti aura isa yathArtha ko yadi nahIM khojA gayA aura prApta nahIM kiyA gayA to samajhie ki anya saba kucha pAkara bhI kucha nahIM paayaa| isa yathArtha ko kahAM-kahAM khojanA hogA, yaha kaise milegA, use jIvana meM AtmasAta kisa rIti se kiyA jA sakegA tathA usake bala se jIvana ko sabala evaM samunnata kisa mArga para calakara banAyA jA sakegA-ina sabhI binduoM para gaMbhIratA se vicAra kiyA jAnA cAhie evaM kriyAzIlatA ke caraNa zIghrAtizIghra uThAne cAhie tAki jJAna-vijJAna ke aba taka ke vikAsa ko upayogI evaM sArthaka siddha kiyA jA ske| aba taka ke vikAsa kA posTamArTama tathA usakA ujalA pakSa : ___ jJAna-vijJAna ke aba taka ke vikAsa para bArIka najara DAleM to sApha hogA ki isane pUrva aura pazcima ko eka karate hue pUre saMsAra ke paTala para jJAna evaM vijJAna kA prakAza phailAyA hai| pUrva jJAna ke vikAsa meM agraNI rahA to pazcima vijJAna ne dUrI para jIta hAsila kara lI to saMsAra simaTatA gayA aura jJAna-vijJAna kA prakAza saba ora phailAyA gyaa| isa prakAza ne sarvatra saMskRti evaM sabhyatA kA unnata vAtAvaraNa banAyA tathA ekIkRta saMskRti evaM sabhyatA ke phailAva kI preraNA dii| ___ bhArata meM uttaravaidika kAla taka hiMsA ke prayoga ke bAre meM do dhAraNAeM thI-eka to yaha ki 'vaidikI hiMsA-hiMsA na bhavati' arthAt yajJa Adi dhArmika kriyAkAMDoM meM kI jAne vAlI hiMsA ko hiMsA hI nahIM maanaa| dUsare 'zaThe zAThyaM samAcaret' ke anusAra hiMsA ke viruddha hiMsA kA prayoga ucita hai| kintu jaina dharma ne vaidikI hiMsA kA DaTa kara virodha kiyA aura batAyA ki hiMsA kaisI bhI ho 67

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sucaritram hiMsA hI hai aura vaha tyAjya hai| bauddha dharma kA hiMsA virodha bhI vaisA hI thaa| hiMsA ko hiMsA se roke, balki usakA ahiMsAtmaka virodha kareM-isase jainoM kI ahiMsaka jIvana paddhati kA rUpa sAmane aayaa| gItA kI bhAvanA kA isake sAtha saMgama huA aura ahiMsA kI sUkSmatA ne vyApaka prabhAva ddaalaa| isa saMdarbha meM jaina sUtra AcArAMga evaM zrImad bhagavatagItA kI tulanA jJAnavardhaka hai| isase do saMskRtiyoM ke samanvaya kI jhalaka milatI hai| isase yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki veda saMskRti evaM jaina saMskRti meM bhinnatA nahIM haiM aura yadi koI bhinnatA dRSTigata bhI hotI hai to vaha bhUmikA ke bheda se ho sakatI hai, vastu ke bheda se nhiiN| donoM kA hArda eka hai| donoM ke bIca saiddhAntika samanvaya bhI hai to sAdhanAtmaka samanvaya bhii| ise kucha udAharaNoM se smjheN| jaina dharma kA maulika siddhAnta hai ki AtmA kA astitva hai aura karma kA kartA tathA bhoktA AtmA hI hai| Izvara kA usameM akartRtva hai| gItA isakA samarthana karatI hai-jo vastu nahIM hotI usakA kisI bhI sthiti meM mAna nahIM hotA hai, kintu AtmA ke ina carma cakSuoM se adRzya rahane para bhI usakA mAna hotA hai to usakA astitva hai usI taraha ki jo-jo sat haiM unakA astitva hai(nA'sato vidyate bhAvo, nA'bhAvo vidyate sataH -gItA 2-6) / yaha AtmA hI puNya karma se puNya kA saMcaya karatI hai aura pApa karma se pApa kA saMcaya karatI hai (puNyaH puNyena karmaNA pApaH pApena karmajA-gItA 15-8) / jagat kA kartRtva jIvoM ke karmoM ke sRjana ke anusAra hotA hai-isameM Izvara kA koI kArya nhiiN| karmoM kA jIvoM ko phala dilAne meM bhI Izvara kI koI bhUmikA nahIM (na kartRtvaM na karmANi, lokasya sRjati prbhuH| na karmaphala saMyogaH, racanAvastu prvrtte| -gItA, 5-14) / isI prakAra sAdhanoM kA samanvaya bhI dikhAI detA hai| AcArAMga meM varNita mokSa ke sAdhana haiM-tyAga, samabhAva, syAdvAda, zraddhA, satya sAdhanA, brahmacarya, viveka, sahiSNutA, ahiMsA, saMyama, tapa Adi to gItA meM bhI nAmAntara se ye hI sAdhana batAye gaye haiM-anAsakti, samatA, niSkAma karmayoga, zraddhA, satyopAsanA, brahmacarya, jAgRti, sahanazIlatA, ahiMsA, saMyama, tapazcaryA aadi| samabhAva yA samatA kI bhAva sAmyatA dekhiye-paMDita sAdhaka pratyeka jIva ke sukha-duHkha kA viveka rakhakara sarvabhUtoM para samabhAva dhAraNa karatA hai| kisI ko duHkhI dekhakara harSita nahIM hotA to kisI ko sukhI dekhakara kupita nahIM hotA-(tamhA paMDie no harise, no kuje bhUehiM, jANa paDileha sAyaM samie eyAnupassIAcArAMga, 2-8-2) aura kRSNa pArtha ko kahate haiM-AtmAoM kI samAnatA ke bhAva se jo sarvabhUtoM ke prati vyavahAra karatA hai aura sva yA para ke sukha-duHkha meM bhI samabhAvI rahatA hai, vahI yogI hai (Atmaupamyena sarvatra samaM pazyati yo'rjunaH sukhaM vA duHkhaM saH yogI paramomataH -gItA, 6-32 ) / do saMskRtiyoM evaM dharmoM kI maulikatA ke vizleSaNa kA abhiprAya yahI hai ki jJAna ke vikAsa ne antataH sabhI dharmoM meM, sabhI darzanoM meM, sabhI saMskRtiyoM evaM sabhyatAoM meM ekatA ke tattvoM ko ubhArA tathA siddhAntoM ko vizvahita yA mAnava hita kI prAsaMgikatA dii| kramazaH hiMsA se virata hone kI abhilASA bar3hI aura ahiMsA ko sarvatra svIkRti milane lgii| Adhunika yuga meM gAMdhI jI ne ahiMsA ke prayoga kA nayA pakSa prastuta kiyA aura svataMtratA Andolana ko ahiMsA kA AdhAra diyaa| Aja sabhI dezoM meM yuddha ko antima vikalpa mAnA jAne lagA hai tathA vArtAoM va saMdhiyoM ko prAthamikatA dI jAne lagI hai|

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aba taka ke vikAsa kA posTamArTama arthAta mAnava jIvana ke yathArtha kI khoja jJAna-vijJAna ke vikAsa kA yaha ujalA pakSa hai ki vyavahAra jyAdA bigar3ane ke bAvajUda mAnyatAoM meM ahiMsA, sadbhAva, mAnavAdhikAra, prANI rakSA, vizva ekatA Adi sArvajanika viSayoM meM adhika sudRr3hatA AI hai| sAmAjika evaM mUlyAtmaka cetanA kI abhivyakti jAgI hai, prakhara banI hai: ___ jJAna-vijJAna ke aba taka ke vikAsa kA eka lAbhaprada bindu aura bhI hai| jahAM paurvAtya sabhyatA meM vyakti hI vikAsa kA kendra bindu banA rahA, vahAM pAzcAtya sabhyatA meM sAmAjikatA kA tvarita vaijJAnika vikAsa haA aura samAjavAda, sAmyavAda Adi kI vicAradhArAeM upajI tathA vahArika prayoga bhI he| ina vicAradhArAoM se parA saMsAra prabhAvita haa| saMsAra ke parvI bhAga meM bhI cAhe rAjataMtra ke atyAcAra hoM athavA Arthika viSamatA kA phailatA jAla-jana virodha kA yuga zuru huA jisa ke sAtha hI samAja kI dhAraNA majabUta bnii| ___ vyakti jAgaraNa isa rUpa meM do prakAra se parivartita huA-eka to vyakti kI zakti ke sAtha hI sAmAjika zakti kA udaya huA aura sAmAjika zakti ko vizeSa prAbhAvika mAnA jAne lgaa| isa rUpa meM vizva ke kaI bhAgoM meM sAmAjika cetanA kI jAgRti hI nahIM huI balki usakI prakhara abhivyakti bhI sAmane aaii| vyaktigata zAsana taMtroM kI jagaha-jagaha samApti huI aura lokataMtrIya zAsana praNAliyAM vikasita huii| jahAM eka ora sAmAjika cetanA jagI to dUsarI ora mUlyAtmaka cetanA bhI jAgRta hone lagI aura anya bhedabhAvoM se Upara mAnavIya mUlyoM kA sRjana hone lgaa| isa cetanA ke kaI rUpa sAmane Ae-sAmAjika anyAya kA pratirodha, vikRtiyoM ke viruddha vidroha, prativAda ko haTA kara samanvaya ke mAdhyama se punaH vAda kI prtisstthaa| yaha saMgharSa mUlyoM kA saMgharSa kahA jAne lgaa| saMsthApita mAnavIya mUlyoM kI punaH-punaH pratiSThA hetu cetanA jagI, saMgharSa cale aura naI-naI paristhitiyAM sAmane A rahI haiN| yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki vizva evaM mAnava kI pragati ke AdarzoM ke prati Aja adhika saMkalpabaddhatA hai, adhika jAgRta abhivyakti hai to adhika lakSya ekAgratA bhI hai| vijJAna vikAsa se vaicArikatA banI hai to vizva ekatA kI niSThA bar3hI hai : vijJAna prayoga aura tathya para AdhArita hotA hai, ataH usake svarUpa meM saMdehAtmaka sthiti kI guMjAiza nahIM hotii| hotA yaha hai ki jitanA jo siddha huA taba taka vaha tathya hai aura Age cala kara jo naye tathya sAmane Ate haiM unake anusAra pUrva nizcayoM meM parivartana ho jAtA hai| Azaya yaha ki vijJAna ke kSetra meM koI niSkarSa antima nahIM hotA, lekina jitanA jo hotA hai, vaha spaSTa hotA hai aura use svIkAra karane meM koI hicakicAhaTa nahIM rhtii| __ isa vaijJAnika vRtti kA prabhAva jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM meM huA hai aura mahattvapUrNa prabhAva par3A haivicArazailI para-soca pr| yahI kahA jAtA hai ki soca vaijJAnika honI cAhiye jisakA artha hai tathyAdhArita honI caahie| aisI soca mukhya rUpa se vyAvahArika hotI hai, kyoMki vijJAna meM kalpanA kA sthAna to hotA hai, kiMtu bahuta hI prAthamika ki usake sAtha prayoga karake tathyAdhArita niSkarSa nikAle jaae| aba taka vijJAna kA jisa rUpa meM vikAsa huA hai, usake prabhAva se vaicArikatA chanI hai kyoMki 69

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sucaritram usakA saMbaMdha vartamAna tathyoM tathA bhaviSya kI yojanAoM ke sAtha pariNAmamUlaka rIti se jor3A jAtA hai| vyakti kI vicAra zakti bhI isa dRSTi se vyApaka aura gaharI banI hai| vijJAna ke vikAsa ko hI isakA adhikAMza rUpa se zreya denA hogA ki Aja vizva meM sabhI prakAroM se ekatA kI sthApanA ke prati sAmAnya janatA kI niSThA bar3hI hai| kisI bhI deza meM rahane vAle nAgarika ke mana-mAnasa para saMsAra ke kisI bhI kone meM ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanAoM kA asara par3atA hai, kyoMki vijJAna ne dUriyAM kATakara duniyA ko eka bastI kA rUpa de diyA hai to soca ke saMkucita dAyare bhI tor3a diye haiN| jaba caritra giratA hai taba acchAI bhI burAI kA sAdhana banA dI jAtI hai : jJAna-vijJAna ke aba taka ke vikAsa kA posTamArTama karate samaya isa satya kA AbhAsa avazya lenA cAhie ki pratyeka yuga meM vikAsa yA avikAsa kI sthitiyoM meM kaunasA tattva mukhya rUpa se jimmedAra rahatA hai| acchAI yA burAI-ye sApekSa guNa hote haiM jo karttA para AdhArita haiN| jahAM taka sAdhanoM kA savAla hai, unakI guNavattA kartA kI manovRtti para mukhyataH Azrita hotI hai| talavAra ko hI le leM-yaha eka zastra hai jisakA upayoga rakSA ke liye bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai to vadha ke liye bhii| sAdhana ke rUpa meM talavAra ko kaisI mAneM? vAstava meM vyakti kA upayoga hI nirNAyaka hotA hai| yadi talavAra kA sadupayoga hotA hai to usase durbala evaM asahAya vyaktiyoM kI rakSA kI jA sakatI hai, unheM AtatAyiyoM ke anyAya se bacAyA jA sakatA hai athavA kesariyA bAnA pahina kara jauhara racAyA jA sakatA hai| talavAra ke durupayoga ke to hajAroM nRzaMsa kArya ho sakate haiN| ataH mUla prazna hai kisI bhI sAdhana ke sadupayoga kA yA durupayoga kaa| yaha khela khelatI hai manuSya kI vRtti evaM prvRtti| natIjA yaha nikalatA hai ki acchAI yA burAI kI maulika jimmedArI manuSya kI hI hotI hai| manuSya kI vRtti yA pravRtti kA mUla kAraka hotA hai usakA caritra / isa dRSTi se jisa yuga meM jaba-jaba manuSya kA vyaktigata tathA samAja kA sAmudAyika caritra girA hai, taba-taba pratyeka acchAI yAnI acche sAdhana-sAdhanoM kA durupayoga adhika huA hai aura usa rUpa meM use burAI kA sAdhana banA diyA gayA hai| yoM sArI acchAI-burAI yA utthAna-patana kA bhAra manuSya aura usake caritra para A TikatA hai| jJAna-vijJAna ke vikAsa ko isI dRSTikoNa se parakhanA aura AMkanA caahiye| jJAna aura usake prabhAva se AdhyAtmikatA, dhArmikatA yA naitikatA kA khUba prasAra huA, kintu jaba usI kA durupayoga maThAdhIzoM, sattA ke dalAloM athavA nihita svArthiyoM ne karanA zuru kiyA to vahI dAyittvapUrNa bhAvanA zoSaNa evaM utpIr3ana kI madadagAra banA dI gii| zIrSa para baiThe nAyakoM ko yaza aura varcasva kI lAlasA jagI to siddhAntoM ko tor3a-mor3a kara apanI svArthapUrti ke anusAra unakA artha nikAlA jAne lgaa| yaha bhI koziza huI ki Ama loga kaTTara baneM, kintu jAnakAra na baneM, tAki ve aMdhI bhakti aura zraddhA ke daladala meM jakar3e rheN| isa prakAra nihita svArthI logoM tathA vargoM ne sAmAjika hita kI bhAvanA ko chor3a kara vyaktigata yA vargagata svArthoM kI pUrti ke liye pratyeka 70

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aba taka ke vikAsa kA posTamArTama arthAt mAnava jIvana ke yathArtha kI khoja acchAI kA durupayoga kiyA aura use burAI ke raMga meM raMga diyaa| isa duSpravRtti ke kAraNa do duSpariNAma sAmane Ae-eka to acchAiyoM kA asara ojhala hotA gayA to dUsarA yaha ki samAja ke sAmAnya jana ke caritra meM girAvaTa Ane lgii| samAja ke zaktizAlI vargoM se hone vAlA caritra kA patana pUre sAmAjika kSetra meM phailane lagatA hai taba sAmAnya paristhitiyAM bhI bhayAvaha ho uThatI hai| vyakti evaM samAja ke jIvana meM aisI kupravRttiyAM ghara karane lagatI haiM, jinakA asara dUra karane ke kArya ke liye utsAhI kAryakartAoM ko eka lambe samaya taka kaThina prayatna karane hote haiN| sAmAjika jIvana ke pichar3epana se abhAvagrastatA evaM cetanA-zUnyatA: vyakti ke durupayoga kA kuprabhAva jaba phaila kara samAja ko prabhAvita karane lagatA hai| taba Ama logoM kA soca-vicAra aura rahana-sahana pichar3atA jAtA hai, jisake ghAtaka pariNAma abhAvagrastatA tathA cetanAzUnyatA ke rUpa meM sAmane Ate haiN| bhAMti-bhAMti kI viSamatAeM sAmAnya jana ko tana aura mana donoM se jarjara banAne lagatI hai, jinake kAraNa usake vikAsa ke sabhI dvAra banda hone lagate haiN| sAmAnya jana taraha-taraha ke abhAvoM meM chaTapaTAtA hai to usakI pratibhA ke sAtha usakI niSThA bhI kuMThita hone lagatI hai| vaha rojI roTI ke cakkara meM hI itanA ulajha jAtA hai ki anya pravRttiyoM ke liye usake pAsa na to samajha bacatI hai aura na hI smy| aise meM nihita svArthiyoM ke samUha sattA aura sampatti ke kendroM para ekAdhikAra kara lete haiM aura sAmAnya jana para adhika anyAya evaM atyAcAra karate haiN| kabhI-kabhI itanA ki lambe arse taka phira se jAgRta hone aura sthitiyoM ko badalane kI kSamatA bhI unameM nahIM bctii| AdhyAtmika evaM dhArmika sAdhanA kA utsAha bhI unake TUTe mana meM jagAne kA kAma kAphI kaThina ho jAtA hai| ataH sAmAjika pichar3epana ko dUra karane ke prati sabase pahale prayAsa hone cAhiye ki jJAna evaM caritra kI dIpazikhA unake antaHkaraNa meM prajvalita ho| yaha dIpazikhA hI sabhI taraha ke pichar3epana ke aMdhere ko dUra kara sakatI hai| isa satya ko kabhI nahIM bhulAnA cAhiye ki sAmAjika pichar3epana kI mUla kAraNabhUta bahuvidha viSamatAeM hI hotI haiM jinheM samabhAva evaM samatApUrNa jIvana ke vicAra se samApta kI jA sakatI haiN| zAstroM ko banA diyA zastra aura samAja va dharma ho gaye svArthoM ke akhAr3e: vizva ke vibhinna dezoM tathA samAja-saMgaThanoM kI gata bIsavIM zatAbdI kI halacaloM para dRSTipAta kareM to yaha samajha meM AtA hai ki jJAna tathA vijJAna kA jitanA vikAsa huA thA, use sArvajanika hita meM niyojita karane kI bajAya mAnava hitoM ke viruddha usakA kitanA adhika durupayoga kiyA gayAzAyada itanA ki usakI antima sImA A pahuMcI hai| bIsavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha jJAna ke dhavala prakAza ko svArthoM ke aMdhere meM Dubone kA kAla hai to uttarArdha ne dikhAyA hai vijJAna ke duSprayogoM kA bhayAvaha dRshy| AtmA para gaharI coTa pahuMcAne vAlI kuceSTA yaha rahI ki zAstroM ko zastra ke rUpa meM prayoga meM liyA jAne lgaa| prAcInakAla meM bahusaMkhyaka janatA ko zUdra hone ke nAma para vaise hI.zastroM ke jJAna se vaMcita rakhA gayA, balki zAstra zravaNa 71

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sucaritram 122 72 taka ko unake liye aparAdha kI saMjJA dI gii| zAstroM ke jJAna aura kriyAkAMr3oM kI paddhati kA ThekA purohita varga ne le rakhA thA / yaha loka bigar3A huA hai so paraloka to sudhArA hI jAe yaha Ama mAnyatA banAI gaI thI aura pratyeka kriyA yA rIti zAstra sammata ho tabhI paraloka sudharegA, yaha dhAraNA bhI Ama thI / ataH purohita varga kI cAMdI thI aura Ama logoM para yaha varga hAvI thA / bIsavIM sadI ke pUrvArddha meM likhe gaye sAhitya aura khAsa karake upanyAsoM meM usa samaya kI grAmINa jatanA kI isa becAragI (asahAyatA) kA bar3A karuNAmaya vivaraNa milatA hai| Azaya yaha ki purohita yA brAhmaNa varga ne zAstroM kA zastroM ke rUpa meM bhayaMkara rIti se prayoga kiyA tathA sAmAnya jana ke ajJAna kA zoSaNa karate hue unheM utpIr3ita kiyA / zAstrIya jJAna se sAmAnya jana ke viveka ko jagAne aura unheM dhArmika va naitika jIvana nirmita karane kA puNya kArya kiyA jA sakatA thA tAki jAgRta sAmAnya jana pUre samAja ko eka jIvanta samAja banA sktaa| kintu aisA kAma nihita svArthiyoM ko kaise abhISTa ho sakatA thA? svArthI varga atIva alpasaMkhyaka hotA hai, kintu zakti kendroM para vaha kAbija hotA hai jisake mAdhyama se vaha bahusaMkhyaka logoM ko pichar3A banAtA hai, unheM dabAtA, kucalatA hai aura apane varcasva ko manAne ke liye unheM vivaza kara detA hai| yadi vyakti meM caritrasampannatA hotI hai to vaha samAja meM vaisI paristhitiyoM ko Dhalane nahIM detA jinameM sAdhanoM kA durupayoga sarala ho jAtA hai| taba samAja meM bhI eka stara taka caritrazIlatA banI rahatI hai| aisA durupayoga tabhI rokA jA sakatA hai jaba caritrahInatA ke prasAra ko rokA jA ske| caritrahInatA ke phailAva ko rokane meM jaba azakyatA paidA ho jAtI hai taba cAhe samAja kA kSetra ho athavA, dharma-sampradAya kA kSetra, ve saba hIna svArthoM kI pUrti ke akhAr3eM bana jAte haiN| purohita varga ke samAna hI dharmaguruoM ne bhI bAda meM apanI yaza-mahimA bar3hAne ke hIna uddezyoM ko lekara dharma ke nAma para logoM ko vibhAjita kiyA aura unheM kaTTaravAditA kA jAmA pahanA kara viveka zUnya banA diyA / yahI mukhya vajaha thI ki eka hI pravartaka kA dharma bhI anekoM sampradAyoM tathA upasampradAyoM meM baMTa gyaa| svArthavAditA ke kAraNa mAnava dharma kSata-vikSata huA aura samAja jur3ane kI bajAya aneka Tukar3oM meM ba~Ta gayA, jabaki ye Tukar3eM bhI Apasa meM hamezA kisI na kisI bAta para saMgharSazIla rahane lge| yoM dharma AntarikatA se haTakara bAhya ativAda se grasita ho gyaa| vijJAna sattA ke bhUkhe bher3iyoM kI dAr3hoM meM jA phaMsA aura khUna ugalane lagA : bIsavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha se vijJAna jaisI mAnavIya zakti ke durupayoga kA cakra cala rahA hai| aura yaha khela-khela rahe haiM sattA ke bhUkhe bher3iye bane zAsaka, prazAsaka va rAjanetA ! jinakA sAtha de rahe haiM vyavasAyI - vyApArI ! yaha batAyA jA cukA hai ki kitane hI kSetroM meM jo Azcaryajanaka vaijJAnika anusaMdhAna evaM AviSkAra hue haiM unakA yadi vizva ko suvidhA sampanna tathA mAnava ko sukha saMpanna banAne ke liye sadupayoga kiyA jAtA to saphalatA nizcita thii| kintu jo jJAna kI upalabdhiyoM kI durdazA huI, usase bhI bar3hakara durdazA vijJAna kI upalabdhiyoM kI ho rahI hai| durdazA isaliye ki usake sadupayoga se jahAM sAmAnya jana ko sukha-suvidhA milanI cAhiye thI, vahAM usake durupayoga se sAmAnya jana ke kaSTa adhika bar3ha gaye haiN| yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vijJAna sattA ke bhUkhe bher3iyoM kI dAr3hoM

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aba taka ke vikAsa kA posTamArTama arthAt mAnava jIvana ke yathArtha kI khoja meM jA phaMsA hai aura khUna ugala rahA hai| __1945 meM dvitIya vizva yuddha ke bAda saMyukta rASTra saMgha kA gaThana huaa| isameM amerIkA dvArA jApAna meM aNu bama DAlane para ghaTita mahAvinAza se vijJAna ke durupayoga kA bhayaMkara dRzya prastuta huA thA aura sAre vizva meM AtaMka phaila gayA thaa| taba se paramANu zastroM ke nirmANa kI hor3a-sI maca gaI tathA kaI rASTra paramANu zastra sampanna rASTra bana gye| aNu astroM se bhI adhika khataranAka rAsAyanika va jaivika zastra bhI bane haiM aura vikasita rASTroM ne AtmarakSA ke nAma para aise zastroM ke ambAra khar3e kara diye haiN| yaha zastroM kA ambAra itanA bhISaNa hai ki pUrI pRthvI eka hI bAra meM vinaSTa kI jA sakatI hai| ___yahAM bhI vahI bAta hai ki yadi aNu zakti kA sadupayoga mAnavahita evaM vizva zAnti ke kAryoM meM kiyA jAe to duniyA se garIbI pUrI taraha se khatma kI jA sakatI hai| garIbI ke sAtha berojagArI, bImArI aura azikSA kA anta bhI saMbhava ho sakatA hai| basa bAta sadupayoga kI aura caritranirmANa kI hI ubhara kara sAmane AtI hai| jJAna-vijJAna ke durupayoga se upajI hai ghRNA, svArthavAditA, kaTutA aura hiMsA : prema se sahayoga kA jur3Ava hotA hai to ghRNA se kaSTakAraka TUTa / vyakti bhI TUTatA hai aura samAja bhI TUTatA hai| vyakti kI TUTa to sabako dikhAI de jAtI hai, isa kAraNa se usakA upAya bhI zIghra kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu samAja, saMgha, saMgaThana yA saMsthAoM kI TUTa ke spaSTa hone meM samaya lagatA hai tathA rASTroM meM ho rahI bhItarI TUTa ko to jAnane meM bhI varSoM laga jAte haiN| isa taraha-taraha kI TUTa ko samajhanA aura samaya se usakA upAya karanA AsAna nahIM hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki upAya kA AraMbha vyakti se karane ko prAthamikatA dI jAtI hai| Akhira vyakti hI to ina sArI IkAiyoM kI mUla IkAI hotI hai| mUla IkAI kI majabUtI ko sabase bar3I IkAI vizva taka phailAne kA kAma tabhI to AsAna ho sakatA hai| jJAna-vijJAna ke sAdhanoM ke durupayoga se vizva, samAja evaM vyakti para kitanA burA asara giratA hai-yaha Upara ke vivaraNa-vizleSaNa se spaSTa hotA hai, kintu yaha bhI samajhane kI bAta hai aura jyAdA mahattvapUrNa bAta hai ki aise durupayoga ke vyApaka duSpariNAma hue haiM aura unake kAraNa Aja bar3I se lekara choTI IkAI taka vikRti kI kitanI kAlikha bikharI hai| isI se AbhAsa hogA ki manuSya jAti kA saccA vikAsa kitanA bAdhita huA hai| jJAna-vijJAna ke sAdhana to hamAre liye satata unnati kI sIr3hiyAM thIM aura jina para car3ha kara vyakti ko caritrazIla, nItimAna tathA dhArmika banAyA jA sakatA thA aura jisase samAja ko prema evaM sahayoga ke sukhada vAtAvaraNa se saMvArA jA sakatA thA, unhIM sAdhanoM kA jaba zakti saMpannoM ne durupayoga zuru kara diyA to usase cAhe unakI jana virodhI zakti vinAza ke mArga para bhale Age bar3hatI rahI ho parantu bahusaMkhyaka samAja kI kamara TUTatI rahI aura cAritrika kSamatA bikharatI rhii| itanA hI nahIM huA, balki isa durupayoga ke jo vinAzakArI duSpariNAma sAmane Aye haiM unake asara ko pUrI taraha

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sucaritram miTA kara vyakti va samAja ko svastha banAnA eka mahad kArya ho gayA hai| jaba prema TUTatA hai to ghRNA paidA hotI hai| prema tyAga para panapatA hai to ghRNA svArthavAditA se bhar3akatI hai| ghRNA sarvatra rAga-dveSa kI kAraka banatI hai| vizva ke adhikAMza dezoM tathA bhArata meM bhI aisA hI huA hai ki sAdhanoM ke durupayoga se vyakti svArtha kendrita banatA gayA, usakA dAyarA jyAdA se jyAdA saMkucita hone lagA aura vaha apanI pUrNatA ko bhUlA baitthaa| sampUrNa mAnava jAti kA apane ko sadasya mAnane kI bajAya Aja vyakti ne parivAra taka se apane ko kATa liyA hai-saMyukta parivAroM ke bikharane ke pIche svArtha kA bhAva hI to hai| svArtha se rAga upajatA hai aura dveSa se ghRNA tathA rAga evaM dveSa se saMsAra ke samasta vikAra utpanna hote haiM (rAgassa heuM samaNunna mAhu, dosassa heuM amaNunna mAhuuttarAdhyayana sUtra, 32-36 ) / rAga aura dveSa ke bAda kaTutA kA phailAva hotA hai tathA kaTutA se hiMsA kaa| isa hiMsA kI koI sImA nahIM hai, balki isakA kitanA vikarAla rUpa ho sakatA hai, Aja ke yuga meM usakI kalpanA karate hue bhI roMgaTe khar3e ho jAte haiN| yaha hiMsA kinhIM do vyaktiyoM kI gutthamagutthA se lekara rASTroM kI gutthamagutthA yAnI yuddha kI vibhISikA taka phaila sakatI hai| vaise bIsavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM ghaTe choTe-bar3e vivAda, sAmpradAyika daMge, jAtiyoM ke khUnI jhagar3e, AtaMkavAdI hAdase aura yuddha kI garjanAeM sabhI kI yAda se miTe nahIM hoNge| hiMsA kI dhAra bhI vijJAna ke durupayoga se kAphI painI huI hai| aparAdhI aura AtaMkavAdI aise Adhunikatama zastroM kA prayoga karate haiM jaise zastra pulisa aura senA ko bhI upalabdha nahIM hote| Aga kI hiMsA, aNu, rasAyana va jaivika bamoM, misAiloM Adi ke rUpa meM sarva-saMsAra saMhAraka bana gaI hai| ___isa saMdarbha meM eka satya ko bAra-bAra yAda kareM ki sArI burI tAkatoM ke bAvajUda acchI tAkateM kama asarakAraka nahIM hotI hai, kamI yahI rahatI hai ki acchI tAkateM jAgatI aura karmarata banatI hai jarA muzkila se aura yaha muzkila uThAnI par3atI hai prabuddhoM, caritrazIloM aura utsAhiyoM kI choTI-sI saMkhyA ko| Aja bhI yahI sthiti hai| Aja kI lAIlAja dikhane vAlI durdazA se bhI nirAzA kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai| hara hAla meM acchAI jItatI hai aura antataH satya evaM nyAya kI hI vijaya hotI hai| Aja kA hiMsA bharA vizva bhI badalegA, rAga-dveSa patale par3eMge, ghRNA aura kaTutA kI karkazatA kama hogI tathA prema, nIti, dharma, sahayoga evaM mAnava sevA kI pavitra gaMgA prakaTegI aura bhegii| posTa-mArTama ke bAda samajheM ki jIvana ke yathArtha ko kahAM va kaise khojeM? : kisI bhI paristhiti kA posTamArTama (zalya rUpa vizleSaNa) sadA soddezya kiyA jAtA hai| hamArA yaha posTamArTama bhI isa uddezya se kiyA gayA hai ki Adhunika yuga ke vikAsa cakra ko dekheM, usake acche-bure asara ko mApeM aura vartamAna meM Adarzonmukha dizA kA adhyayana kreN| yaha adhyayana hameM apanA vaha rAstA dikhatA hai jisa para hama Age bar3heM, samAja ko Age bar3hAveM tathA saMsAra va samAja meM unnati kA nayA yuga lAne kI ceSTA kreN| __ aba taka saMkSepa meM saMsAra ke ghaTanA krama aura usake vizleSaNa para kucha rozanI DAlanI cAhiye aura isa rozanI meM khojanA cAhie ki vastutaH isa mAnava jIvana kI yathArthatA ko pAne ke liye hamArI

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aba taka ke vikAsa kA posTamArTama arthAta mAnava jIvana ke yathArtha kI khoja dizA aura dazA meM kyA-kyA badalAva lAe jAne caahie| ___ pahale dekheM ki mAnava jIvana kA yathArtha kyA hai? eka zabda meM isakA uttara deM to vaha hogA-svapara klyaann| kalyANa kA artha utthAna, uddhAra Adi se liyA jA sakatA hai| soceM ki sva aura para kyA? yaha vizva kA moTA-sA vibhAjana hai-sva kA artha hai svayaM aura vyAkaraNa ke anusAra 'maiM' aura para kA artha hai anya-maiM ke sivAya sb| maiM ke sAtha para ko jor3a deM to pUrA saMsAra bana jAtA hai| maiM' pramukha hotA hai, utthAna ke mArga para bhI aura patana ke mArga para bhii| kahIM-bhI patana kI kAraNa hotI hai maiM kI vivekahIna pramukhatA arthAt svArtha kendrita prmukhtaa| maiM hI saba kucha hU~, maiM hI saba kucha banU~ aura maiM hI sabakA Adara pAU~-isa lAlasA se jaba vyakti aMdhA ho jAtA hai to koI bhI akaraNIya nahIM bacatA jo vaha na kareM yA na karanA caahe| yaha hotA hai maiM kA vikRta ruup| parantu vahI 'maiM' jaba paropakAra ko prAthamika banA letA hai aura sva se bhI Upara 'para' ko sthAna de detA hai taba tyAga kA krama zuru hotA hai| tyAga, saMyama aura tapa ke mAdhyama se 'maiM' tapatA jAtA hai, sva ko vigalita aura visarjita karatA jAtA hai ki sva tirohita hotA hai| jaba sva nahIM rahatA sva-artha kI dRSTi se to para kahAM rahegA? taba to eka hI tattva bacegA aura jo kahalAtA hai pUrNa / pUrNattva hI mAnava jIvana kA carama lakSya mAnA gayA hai| to jIvana kA yathArtha huA pUrNatva, jisakA prAraMbha thA sva-para klyaann| vaise bhI sva aura para ke kalyANa kI prakriyA sAtha-sAtha calatI hai| sva kI jAgRti ke binA para ke upakAra yA kalyANa kA bhAva hI paidA nahIM hotA hai aura paropakAra kA kArya utsAhapUrvaka tabhI cala sakatA hai| jaba sva kI gati tyAga aura saMyama ke patha para agrasara bne| vAstava meM yaha kalyANa patha eka hI hai| jaba taka gRhastha rahate hae para sevA kA kArya karatA hai taba taka vaha usameM pUrA samaya nahIM de sakatA aura na hI apanI parI UrjA usameM lagA sakatA hai| kintu sAMsArikatA chor3a kara jaba vaha sAdhuvRtti meM praveza karatA hai taba vaha saMkucita sImA se nikala kara asIma ho jAtA hai| pUre vizva kA ho jAtA hai| usa samaya vaha sva ke kalyANa meM bhI uccastha hotA hai to para ke kalyANa meM bhii| _ 'jina khojA, tina pAiyAM' kI ukti ke anusAra koI apanI saMpUrNa niSThA se alabhya ko bhI khojane nikale to use nirAzA kabhI bhI hAtha nahIM lgegii| usakI khoja avazya saphala hogii| phira mAnava jIvana ke yathArtha kI khoja meM koI lage to use yathArthatA kA mUla aura vistAra saba kucha avazya prApta ho jaaegaa| jaba lakSya spaSTa ho aura khoja kA vastu viSaya to use kahAM aura kaise khojA jAya-usake saMbaMdha meM kisI prakAra kA bhrama nahIM rhegaa| AvazyakatA hai ki khoja kA zrI gaNeza kara liyA jaae| patha aura gatikrama sahI hai to Age bar3hate rahane meM koI ar3acana nahIM rahegI tathA Ane vAlI kaThinAiyoM kA samAdhAna bhI sahajatApUrvaka hotA jaaegaa| yathArtha milegA manuSya ke apane hI bhItara aura patha dikhAyegA caritra : "manaH eva kAraNaM baMdhamokSayo" kA rahasya manuSya ko yathArtha kI jhalaka dikhaaegaa| manuSya kI zakti kA srota hotA hai mana, kyoMki jo kucha mana meM nizcita hotA hai, vahI vacana se prakaTa hotA hai 75

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sucaritram aura vahI AcaraNa meM utaratA hai| mana kI bhUla ho yA mana kA viveka-vahI jaga jAhira hotA hai| isa kAraNa apanI durbalatA yA akarmaNyatA pUre jIvana ko na ghera leM, isake liye mana ke srota ko svaccha banAnA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| jIvana kA yathArtha bhI manuSya ke apane hI bhItara milegA aura usakA RNa mana meM hI hogaa| mana sadA gatizIla rahatA hai, lekina vaha kahA~ tathA kisa ora gati kareM evaM kahAM aura kisa ora gati na kareM-yaha niyaMtraNa manuSya ko karanA hotA hai| mana kI pRSThabhUmi ko puSTa banAne meM sahayogI hotA hai jo kucha bAhara dikhAI detA va mahasUsa hotA hai| vaha saba evaM jo par3hA, socA tathA manana kiyA jAtA hai vaha bhI sb| jJAna aura dhyAna milakara manuSya kA bhAva gar3hate haiN| yadi manuSya kA viveka jAgRta hotA hai tathA mana zuddha to mana usI dizA meM gatizIla hotA hai| jo dizA usake yathArtha kI hotI hai| gati ugra se ugratara hotI jAtI hai aura yathArtha kI chavi bhI spaSTa se spsstttr| vastutaH kahA jA sakatA hai ki yathArtha to manuSya ke bhItara hI rahA haA hai usake mana meM, jo yadi sadha jAe to yathArtha ke mokSa ko prApta kara le aura yadi bhaTaka jAe to aisA baMdha jAe ki yathArtha kA kora-kinArA bhI na dikhAI de| yathArtha kI khoja isa dRSTi se manuSya ko apane bhItara hI karanI hogI aura bhItara kI avasthiti hI paripakva hone para bAhara prakaTa hogii| isake bAda vacana aura karma ke rUpa meM jo gatizIlatA prAMrabha hogI usa kA pRSThabala hogA manuSya kA apanA critr| vizva ke vikAsa ke adhyayana meM yaha jAnA jA cukA hai ki caritra hI utthAna yA patana kA sadaiva pramukha kAraNa rahA hai aura caritra kI saMpannatA athavA hInatA ne manuSya ko bhI aura usake saMsAra (kriyAzIlatA ke kendra ke rUpa meM) ko bhI unnati kI sIr3hiyoM para car3hAyA hai yA patana ke khaDDe meM nIce girAyA hai| sArAMza meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki mAnava jIvana kA yathArtha hai sva-para kalyANa kI carama pariNati taka phuNcnaa| usake liye cAhie sadhe hue mana kI prakharatA tathA caritrasaMpannatA kI gtishiiltaa| yoM samuccaya meM caritrazIlatA ko samagra pragatizIlatA kA kAraka kaha sakate haiN| caritra kA nirmANa hai to vyaktitva nirmANa tathA jAgatika vikAsa kA nirmANa sunizcita hai| 76

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kyA vizva kI vikata vyavasthA mAnavIya mUlyoM kI mAMga nahIM karatI?

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kyA vizva kI vikRta vyavasthA mAnavIya mUlyoM kI mAMga nahIM karatI? mAnavIya mUlyoM kI surakSA ekamAtra caritra nirmANa se! mA nava kyA thA, kaisA huA aura aba kisa prakAra ke 'rUpa-svarUpa meM raMga gayA hai-isa kA samyak paricaya karAyegI ye tIna jhalakiyA~ ! __ pahalI jhalaka : rAjA megharatha (yA rAjA zivi) apanI rAjya sabhA meM siMhAsana para baiThe rAja-kAja saMbaMdhI carcA kara rahe the tabhI acAnaka eka phar3aphar3AtA huA lahUluhAna kabUtara unakI goda meM A giraa| vaha thara-thara kAMpa rahA thaa| unhoMne usakI pITha para apane mRdula hAthoM kA sparza dete hue Azvasta kiyA-'jaba tama merI zaraNa meM A gae ho to bhaya mukta ho jaao| aba tumhArA jIvana surakSita hai|' tabhI phar3aphar3AtA huA bAja bhI sabhAgAra meM pahuMca gayA, Aveza ke sAtha bolA-'yaha kabUtara merA zikAra hai, Apa ise lauTA diijiye|' rAjA tanika se cakita huekabUtara AyA aura yaha bAja AyA-yaha saba kyA haiM? rAjA ne kahA-'yaha kabUtara merI zaraNa meM A cukA hai aura maiM ise jIvana kA AzvAsana de cukA hUM so yaha to tumheM nahIM milegaa| isake badale meM tuma cAho so mAMga lo| zaraNAgata kI rakSA hamArA dharma hai|' bAja ne dhRSTatApUrvaka kahA-'ThIka hai, maiMne apane bhojana ke liye ise apanA zikAra 77

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sucaritram banAyA thaa| Apa isa kabUtara ke bhAra ke barAbara apane zarIra kA mAMsa mujhe de deN| mujhe koI Apatti nahIM rhegii|' dayAlu rAjA turanta tatpara ho ge| eka tarAjU maMgAyA gyaa| eka palar3e meM kabUtara ko biThA diyA gayA aura dUsare palar3e meM rAjA apanI jaMghA kA mAMsa kATa-kATa kara rakhane lage, lekina Azcarya ki kabUtara vAlA palar3A bhArI hokara Tasa se masa nahIM ho rahA thaa| eka ke bAda eka aMga aura upAMga kATa kara dharate rahe, kintu palar3A vahIM kA vhiiN| bhAvodreka se ve pUre ke pUre hI palar3e meM baiTha ge| tabhI rAjyasabhA meM eka adbhuta prakAza kauMdhA, kabUtara va bAja donoM gAyaba the, unakI jagaha do devatA hAtha bAMdha khar3e the aura rAjA bhI pUrvavat apane siMhAsana para virAjamAna the| devatAoM ne mAnava ko namaskAra kiyA, Akhira kyoM? prAcInakAla meM to devatA hI vandanIya mAne jAte the, kyoMki mAnava unheM prasanna karake varadAna mAMgatA thaa| yahAM mAnava kI sevA meM devatAoM ne apanA sira jhukAyA thaa| kAraNa, rAjA ne ahiMsA ke liye saMyamapUrvaka tapa kiyA thA aura usake sAmane devatva bhI choTA par3a gyaa| ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa rUpa dharma utkRSTa maMgala kA kAraNa hotA hai aura jo aise dharma se sadA ke liye apane mana ko jor3a letA hai, use devatA bhI namaskAra karate haiN| (dhammo maMgala mukkiTuM, ahiMsA saMjamo tvo| devAvi taM NamaMsaMti jassa dhamme sayA maNo-dazavai : kAlika sUtra, 1-1) / dUsarI jhalaka : mizra deza ke vikhyAta pirAmiDa meM eka mAnavAkAra kI mUrti hai| AkAra mAnava kA hai kintu kucha vicitra hai aura gUDha artha se bharA huaa| isa mUrti kI AkRti meM ceharA to mAnava kA hai, lekina zarIra pazu kA hai aura donoM tarapha aise paMkha lage haiM jaise ki vaha ur3ane hI vAlA ho| usakI vaha sthiti gurutmAn kI sthiti hai| isake anusAra mAnava trividhAtmaka rUpa vAlA huA-1. pazutva vidyA, 2. naratva vidyA evaM 3. atikramita vidyA arthAt Upara ur3Ana bharane vAlI vidyaa| ___ isa trividhAtmaka rUpa meM munaSya ke AcAra kA prazna samAyA huA hai jo vastutaH mAnava vijJAna se hI saMbaMdhita prazna hai| AcAra kA abhiprAya sadAcAra se hai| sadAcAra sthAyI, sArvadezika evaM sArvakAlika hotA hai| saba kSetroM meM, saba samayoM meM sadAcAra kA eka hI zAzvata svarUpa hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM sadAcAra satya kA pratirUpa hai| sadAcAra mAtra manuSya kI samasyA hai to samAdhAna bhii| sadAcAra badalatA nahIM so vaha bhagavatsvarUpa hai| jo badalatA hai, vaha anAcAra yA jhUTha hai jo islAma kI bhASA meM kuphra' hai| paigambara mohammada sAhaba ne mAnava kI paribhASA karate hue batAyA hai ki jo badalatA hai vaha kuphra hai aura badalane vAlA kAphira, lekina jo nahIM badalatA, vaha khudAI taka pahuMcA huA mAnava hai ( maiM khUba jAnatA hUM ki tuma kauna ho, kyA ho| gara kuphra na hotA to maiM kahatA kI tuma khudA ho)| ___ yathArtha meM mAnava kuphra yA khudAI kI yA satya aura anRta (jhUTha) kI graMthi hai| tabhI to usa kI eka vidhA pazutva vidhA hai, jise zarIra kI vibhaH kaha liijiye| mAnava zarIra kI mUla bAteM do haiM-1. jijiviSA arthAt jIvita rahane kI lAlasA aura 2. bhogeSaNA arthAt anukUlatA kI bubhukssaa| nItikAroM ne kahA hai ki AhAra, nidrA, bhaya aura maithuna kI pravRttiyAM mAnava aura pazu meM samAna rUpa se hai| pazu se mAnava kI vizeSatA hai to mAtra dharma yA karttavyapAlana kI (AhAra nidrAmaya maithuna ca, 78

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kyA vizva kI vikRta vyavasthA mAnavIya mUlyoM kI mAMga nahIM karatI? sAmAnyametat pshubhirnraannaaN|dhrmo hI teSAmadhikovizeSo, dharmeNahInAH pazubhiH smaanaaH|) mAnava aura pazu meM AhAra, nidrA, bhaya aura maithuna yaha ki ina pravRttiyoM ke bAre meM pazu to prakRti dvArA niyaMtrita hote haiM, jisake kAraNa niyamita bhI hote haiN| kintu mAnava cUMki buddhi va viveka se saMpanna hotA hai| ataH ina pravRttiyoM meM svataMtra hotA hai| pazu bhoga meM niyaMtrita aura parataMtra, parantu mAnava aniyaMtrita evaM svataMtra, jisakI svataMtratA svacchandatA meM bhI badalatI rahatI hai| yahI mAnava kI asthiratA hai aura isase hI sadAcAra tathA anAcAra athavA asadAcAra kA prazna sadaiva sAmane khar3A rahatA hai| anAcAra hI mAnava ko pazu banAtA hai| sadAcAra mAnava kA svarUpa detA hai to garur3a ke paMkha dekara devatva kI mahimA meM DhAlatA hai| isI kAraNa sadAcAra kI mahattA mAnI gaI hai| tIsarI jhalaka : Aja ke eka ati vikasita deza kI rAjadhAnI aura vahAM sthita eka jantu aaly| usameM rakhe hue haiM, bhayAnaka jaMgalI jAnavaroM ke piNjdd'eN| aise pazuoM kI saiMkar3oM prajAtiyA~ vahAM pradarzita kI gaI hai| ina saiMkar3oM piMjar3oM ke kendra meM eka dilacaspa piMjar3A bhI rakhA huA hai| Apa tAjjuba kareMge yaha jAnakara ki usa piMjar3e meM rakhA huA kyA hai? usa piMjar3e ke bAhara bar3e-bar3e harmoM meM likhA hai-'sabase jyAdA khataranAka jaanvr'| loga usa piMjar3e ke sAmane jAte haiM aura vibhramita ho jAte haiN| usa piMjar3e ke bhItara ThIka sAmane bahuta bar3e AkAra kA AInA rakhA huA ki jo bhI darzaka vahAM pahuMcatA hai, usakA pUrA pratibimba usameM utara AtA hai| isake sivAya usa piMjar3e meM kucha bhI nahIM hai| Adamakada AInA aura sabase jyAdA khataranAka jAnavara-aneka darzaka cakkara khA jAte haiN| samajhane vAlA samajha jAtA hai ki isa AIne meM jo chavi dikhAI de rahI hai yAnI ki usakI apanI chabi-use hI sabase jyAdA khataranAka jAnavara mAnane kA Agraha hai| isakA yaha artha huA ki Aja ke saca ko AInA dikhAyA gayA hai| Aja kA AdamI yAnI sabase jyAdA khataranAka jaanvr| khataranAka kA vizeSaNa bhI samajhane lAyaka hai ki sAre krUra, bhayAnaka tathA nRzaMsa jaMgalI jAnavaroM meM sabase jyAdA khtrnaak| mAnava ke badalate, bigar3ate, banate rUpa-svarUpa kI ina jhalakiyoM kI rozanI meM kucha gaharAI se samajhane kI koziza kI jA sakatI hai| mAnava ne hI gar3he-bigAr3e aura race-saMvAre haiM mAnavIya mUlya : yaha prAkRtika svabhAva hai ki apanI hI racanA ko sAmAnya rUpa se koI naSTa nahIM krtaa| prANavAna racanAoM (santAna) kI bAta to bahuta UMcI hai, kintu koI eka kalAkRti bhI banAtA hai to usake prati usakA kitanA rakSaNIya bhAva hotA hai| apanI kRti apanatva ke bodha se paripUrita hotI hai aura usake liye sadA sahejane-saMvArane kI vRtti rahatI hai| kintu isakA apavAda bhI hotA hai| jahAM apanI racanA ke liye nijatA kI bhAvanA hotI hai| vaha mAnavIya hai tathA jahAM apanI hI racanA ko bigAr3ane yA naSTa karane kI durbhAvanA paidA hotI hai| use dAnavIya kahanA hogaa| yaha dAnava anya koI nahI svayaM mAnava hI dAnavI vRtti apanA kara dAnava bana jAtA hai| mAnava aura dAnava kA bheda samajhane lAyaka hai| apanI sabhyatA evaM saMskRti ke unnayana kAla meM svayaM mAnava ne apanI jIvana praNAlI ko sughar3a banAne ke liye vAMchita guNoM kA nirdhAraNa kiyaa| 79

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sucaritram tadanusAra una guNoM ko apanAte hue pArasparika vyavahAra evaM vinimaya kiyA jAne lagA jo ziSTa evaM saMbhrAta mAnA gyaa| vaha vyavahAra apane andara kI svastha vicAraNA evaM bhAvanA ke AdhAra para nirmita huA thA, ataH cAhe vArtAlApa ho yA kAryakalApa, usameM usa vicAraNA va bhAvanA kA spaSTa prabhAva sthira hone lgaa| isa zreSTha vyavahAra ke sAtha hI sAmAjika gatividhiyAM calane lagI jinase nirmita huI sabhyatA aura usakI sthAyI sthApanA se DhalI paramparA tathA prakhara banI sNskRti| samunnata banI sabhyatA aura saMskRti se hI nikhare mUlya, jinheM kahA gayA mAnavIya mUlya aura ye mAnavIya mUlya bana gaye kasauTI mAnavatA kii| ___ kasauTI Apa samajhate haiM na? kasauTI para sone kI parakha kI jAtI hai| sonA hamezA sonA hotA hai| kintu hamezA usakI zuddhatA eka-sI nahIM rhtii| zuddha sonA 99 TaMca yA 24 kaireTa jaisA parakhA jAtA hai| 99 TaMca yA 24 kaireTa meM jitanI kamI ho, utanA sonA azuddha hotA hai| kasauTI kI taraha hI mAnavIya mUlyoM ke AdhAra para eka mAnava kI parakha kI jA sakatI hai ki usa kA vicAra, vacana aura vyavahAra kitanA azuddha hai athavA kitanA zuddha hai| kasauTI para parakha lene ke bAda taiyArI hotI hai ki usa sone ko nizcita rAsAyanika prakriyAoM se gujAra kara pUrNa zuddha banAyA jaae| azuddha sonA kisI ko rAsa nahIM AtA hai| kaisI viDambanA hai ki manuSya sone kI azuddhatA to pasanda nahIM karatA, lekina apanI nija kI zaddhatA-azaddhatA kA use bhAna taka nahIM hai-use parakhane tathA zaddha banAne kI taiyArI to Age kI bAta hai| yaha hakIkata hai ki mAnavIya malyoM ko svayaM mAnava ne hI gaDhA hai aura unheM mAnadaMDa ke rUpa meM prasthApita evaM pratiSThita kiyA hai| jisako zuddha sonA cAhie, vaha kasauTI ko kabhI nahIM todd'egaa| kasauTI vahI tor3atA yA vahI usakA upayoga banda karatA hai jo azuddha sone kA kAlA vyApAra karanA cAhatA hai| yahI sthiti mAnavIya mUlyoM kI bhI hai| zreSTha evaM caritrazIla mAnava sadA mAnavIya mUlyoM ko apanAnA tathA sakriya banAe rakhanA cAhatA hai| vaha pratyeka saMbhava upAya dvArA aura AvazyakatA par3a jAe to prANapaNa se unako bacAne kI tatparatA dikhAtA hai| ise mAnavIya svabhAva yA pravRtti kahanA hogaa| kintu apane svArthoM meM aMdhe banakara kaI mAnava ina mAnavIya mUlyoM kI avahelanA karate haiM yA unheM naSTa bhraSTa karate haiM to ve apanI hI racanA ko kalaMkita karane vAle kahe jaaeNge| apanI hI racanA ko naSTa karane vAlA svabhAva yA AcaraNa dAnavIya kahA jaaegaa| mAnava-mAnava meM hI mAnavIya yA dAnavIya antara kI yahI pRSThabhUmi hai| ___ mAnavIya mUlyoM ko jo gar3hate haiM, ve mAnava kahalAte haiM aura apane gar3he mUlyoM ko hI jo bigAr3ate haiM, unheM dAnava kahanA hogaa| kintu eka mAnava sadA mAnava hI banA rahegA yA eka bAra dAnava banA mAnava sadA dAnava hI banA rahegA-aisA nahIM hotA, kyoMki yaha eka bhAvanAtmaka mana:sthiti hotI hai| aisI paristhitiyAM A jAtI hai ki dRr3hatA rakhate-rakhate bhI mAnava dAnavIya pravRtti se jur3a jAtA hai aura svArthavaza jAnabUjha kara bhI koI mAnava dAnava bana jAtA hai to yaha azuddhatA kA nyUnAdhika rUpa mAnA jaaegaa| aba jo zuddhatA evaM mAnavIya mUlyAtmaka dRSTi se mAnava hai aura prakhara mAnava haiM, unheM kasauTI apane hAtha meM lenI hotI hai aura dAnava banatI mAnavatA kI parakha karanI hotI hai| taba unake hAthoM usa 80

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kyA vizva kI vikRta vyavasthA mAnavIya mUlyoM kI mAMga nahIM karatI? samaya bigar3ate hue mAnavIya mUlyoM ko vividha bhAvanAtmaka evaM AndolanAtmaka prakriyAoM ke mAdhyama se phira se banAnA-gar3hanA hotA hai aura sabake sAtha milakara unheM saMvAranA hotA hai| isa prakAra mAnava hI mAnavIya mUlyoM ko gar3hatA-bigAr3atA aura racatA-saMvAratA hai| yaha cakra nirantara calatA rahatA hai tathA yahI vizva kI vyavasthA hai| zuddha sonA kAma meM lAyA jAtA hai, mailA hotA hai, phira use galAyA aura tapAyA jAtA hai aura punaH zuddha banA diyA jAtA hai| isa cakra ko ve hI calAne meM samartha hote haiM jo mAnavIya mUlyoM kI mazAla sajagatApUrvaka apane sazakta hAthoM meM thAme rakhate haiN| Aja ke mAnava jIvana ko kasauTI para car3hAne kI belA A gaI hai : Aja adhikAMza santoM, sAdhakoM tathA vicArakoM kA khyAla hai ki sonA 99 TaMca yA 24 kaireTa se nIce khisaka kara 20-25 TaMca yA 5-6 kaireTa taka pahuMca gayA hai yAnI ki mAnavIya mUlyoM kA cintAjanaka sthiti taka kSaraNa huA hai aura vaha hotA jA rahA hai| yaha kSaraNa sarvatra ekasA nahIM hai, phira bhI kasauTI para Aja ke mAnava jIvana ko car3hAye binA azuddhatA kI nizcita pahacAna nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| kasauTI para car3hAne kA matalaba hai jAMca-parakha kI bAta ki jisake AdhAra para upAya soce jA sake, nirdhArita kiye jA sake aura amala meM lAye jA sake! tAki azuddhatA ko samApta karake mAnava jIvana meM adhikatama zuddhatA lAI jaae| isa dRSTi se svayaM socanA evaM sAmAnya jana ko samajhanA hogA ki mAnava jIvana Aja kaisA bana gayA hai aura use kaisA banAyA jAnA cAhiye, kaise banAyA jAnA caahiye| pahale dekheM ki Aja kA mAnava jIvana adhikAMza rUpa meM kaisA ho gayA hai? nirmiti ke najariye se AtmA aura zarIra donoM kI yuti kA nAma jIvana hai| yuti kA kyA artha hai? kevala yuti kA jIvana to mAnava hI nahIM. sabhI prANI bhI jIte haiM kinta vAstava meM jIne kI kSamatA mAnava ko prApta hai aura vaha yadi jIne kI kalA meM kuzala ho jAya to usakA jIvana yathArtha rUpa se sArthaka bana jAtA hai| aisI sArthakatA Aja ke mAnava jIvana meM muzkila se hI dikhAI par3atI hai| yaha kSamatA jAgRtAvasthA kI kSamatA hotI hai aura isakA abhAva batAtA hai nidraavsthaa| matalaba ki mAnava jIvana so rahA hai aura jo sovata hai, vaha khovata hai| kucha karatA aura pAtA vaha hai jo jAgRta hotA hai-jo jAgata hai so pAvata hai| saMkSepa meM Aja kA jIvana mUrchAgrasta hai| ___ jIvana eka yAtrA hai aura yAtrA meM sarvAdhika mahattva gati kA hotA hai ki gati kI dizA va dazA donoM kaisI hai| gati kI dizA aura dazA ko sughar3a evaM suvyavasthita karane kI kalA kA nAma hI jIvana kI kalA hai| yaha kalA jIvana ko soddezya, sakriya evaM sArthaka banAtI hai| jaba kasauTI para Ane vAlA TaMca khoTa batAne vAlA ho taba jIvana kI kalA ko adhika prakhara, adhika vyApaka banAnA hotA hai| Aja jIvana ko kasauTI para car3hAne kI tathA jIvana kI kalA sikhAne kI kaThina belA A gaI hai| gaharAI se soceM ki Aja kA mAnava jIvana nidrAgrasta yA mUrchAgrasta kyoM hai? mUla kAraNa yaha hai ki mAnava svArtha kendrita ho gayA hai, paramArtha ko bhUla gayA hai| svArthoM kA kendrIkaraNa bhI itanA jaTila ki jise bArIkI se samajhanA kaThina aura usa jakar3a ko DhIlA karanA bahuta ktthin| Aja do svArtha mukhya 81

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sucaritram haiM-sattA kA svArtha aura sampatti kA svArtha / sattA ke kendrita svarUpa kA kucha aMzoM meM vikendrIkaraNa hone ke bAda yaha tathya sApha ho rahA hai ki sattA kI lalaka meM patana kI koI sImA nahIM rahatI aura na anyAya va atyAcAra kI koI hd| yaha nahIM hai ki yaha lAIlAja bAta hai, para sudRDha caritra ke binA sattA svArthoM para aMkuza lagA pAnA atyanta kaThina hotA hai| yahI bAta sampatti ke svArthoM ke prati Asakti, lAlasA yA mUrchA apAra rUpa se bar3hI huI hai| jisake pAsa sattA aura sampatti juTA rahatA hai| jisake pAsa sattA aura sampatti nahIM hai, usakI bhI lAlasA apAra hai aura prayAsa athaka hai| yAnI ki tRSNA vaitaraNI nadI banI huI hai| eka ora sattA aura sampatti kI sImAhIna mUrchA hai to dUsarI ora sattA aura sampatti se hIna dIna loga apane nirvAha mAtra kI aisI kazamakaza meM kase hue haiM ki ve bejAna aura besahArA haiN| isa prakAra cAroM ora jIvana mUrchAgrasta hai| yaha parigraha kI mUrchA hai| svayaM parigraha sattA-sampatti Adi kI apekSA isake prati jo mUrchAbhAva hai, Asakti hai vaha adhika vighAtaka hotI, hai ( mucchA pariggaho vutto-mahAvIra ) aura isI mUrchA se Aja kA jIvana apane jIvana tattva ko hI bhUlA baiThA hai| cAroM ora mUrchAvasthA kI kuMThA phailI huI hai| isa avasthA meM jAgRti kA abhAva hai, vaicArikatA kA abhAva hai, bhAvanA kA abhAva hai aura kArya karttavya kA abhAva hai| ina abhAvoM ke bIca kahA~ hai jIvana, kahA~ hai mana aura kahA~ hai mAnava? mana nidrAgata hai, vikAsa ke dvAra banda haiM, unnati kA patha avaruddha hai| antara se AvAja uThe-khola mana, daravAjA khola : hameM apane mana kA dvAra-antaraMga kA daravAjA kholanA hai| daravAjA agara baMda ho to koI kaise bAhara se bhItara jAve athavA bAhara vAlA bhItara Ave? dvAra khule tabhI AvAgamana saMbhava hai| yaha choTIsI bAta hai aura choTA-sA bAlaka bhI ise samajhatA hai, lekina mana ke dvAra ke viSaya meM to gaMbhIra cintana Avazyaka hai| kAraNa, isa dvAra ko kholane ke liye vizeSa upakrama karanA par3atA hai| mana adRzya hotA hai to usakA dvAra bhI adRzya hI rahegA, ata: manana se hI dvAra ko kholanA hogaa| mana kA dharma manana hai aura manana se hI mAnava hai (mananAt manaH, manan zIlAsvabhAvAt maanvH)| ataH manana se mana kA dvAra khulegA aura use sahI gatizIlatA milegii| mana ko ina kAvya-paMktiyoM ke mAdhyama se udbodhana kara rahA hU~ akhila vizva kI halacala ke, mana, sUtradhAra tumhIM ho| pragati yA patana athavA gati parivartana ke prANAdhAra tumhI ho| citta caMcalatA ke vAhaka-saMvAhaka antardvandoM ke, zabda, rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza ke dAvedAra tumhI ho / adbhuta hai nirmANa tumhArA nahIM samajha meM AyA hai|

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kyA vizva kI vikRta vyavasthA mAnavIya mUlyoM kI mAMga nahIM karatI? kSaNa meM tuSTa, ruSTa agale kSaNa kaisA khela racAyA hai| vidhi-vidhAna se baMdhI saSTi vaha kauna bhalA, tumako bAMdhe, kara lete, mana, manamAnI tuma ajaba tumhArI mAyA hai| sacamuca meM mana bar3A hI kautukI hai| isa mana ke dvArA hameM gamanAgamana ko upayogI tathA uddezyavAna banAnA hai| acchA bhItara meM Ave isake liye mana ko virATa banAnA hogA, burA bAhara nikale isake liye mana ko lacIlA banAnA hogaa| taba nirbAdha gamanAgamana ho skegaa| naye ko praveza dene ke liye purAne ko bAhara karanA hotA hai aura phira bhItara-bAhara kI prakriyA se zuddhatA kA vAtAvaraNa banatA hai| jisa kamare ke kapATa baMda hote haiM, usameM havA, rozanI nahIM jAtI to kUr3A kacarA jamA ho jAtA hai, sIlana laga jAtI hai aura maila kI parateM jama jAtI hai| usake kapATa kholane para vAtAvaraNa badalatA hainayApana AtA hai, purAnI gaMdha miTatI hai| yahI dazA mana kI hai mana kA daravAjA khulane se kusaMskAritA aura jar3atA bAhara nikalegI to satsaMskAroM tathA cetanA kI suvAsa bhItara rmegii| gamanAgamana hogA to mana ko gati milegI, manana kI dhArA gaMbhIra bnegii| manana aura cintana se bhAvamayatA, AtmAlocanA evaM vizuddha vaicArikatA kA pravAha bahatA hai| khola mana, daravAjA khol| kholane ke liye cAbI caahiye| cAbI, tAlA kholatI bhI hai aura use banda bhI karatI hai| Apake pAsa aisI hI cAbI honI cAhie jisase jaba jarUrata ho, mana ke daravAje ko kholabanda kara skeN| isa cAbI kA nAma hai mAnavIya mUlya, jo mana ko niyaMtraNa meM rakhate haiM aura mAnava ko akaraNIya se bacAte haiN| mAnavIya mUlya gupta evaM supta mana ke daravAje banda kara dete haiM aura jAgRta evaM vivekI mana ke daravAje khola dete haiN| isI prakAra baddha mana buddha banatA hai to azuddha mana zuddha hotA hai| mAnava mana kI vartamAna paristhitiyAM vicitra haiM, kyoMki mAnava apane hI mUlyoM kA avamUlyana kara rahA hai aura apane ko mAnavatA se girA kara dAnavatA kA mukhauTA or3ha rahA hai| aisI durdazA meM dAnavI vRttiyA~ aura manovRttiyA~ cAroM ora ciMghAr3a rahI hai aura dAnavI rUpa dhAraNa kiye mAnava apane hI sAthI mAnavoM para atyAcAra DhA rahe haiN| jisase vyakti kA caritra malina ho rahA hai to sAmAjika caritra klNkit| dAnavatA se isake dvAra hI nahIM khulate balki darAreM phaTatI haiM aura dIvAreM khar3I ho jAtI haiN| cAhe vyakti kA sabase nIce kA stara ho to usakA mana lAlacI, ghamaMDI, krodhI aura krUra bana jAtA hai aura sAmudAyika rUpa se cAhe grAma saMgaThana ho yA nagara, rASTra yA antarrASTrIya saMgaThana hoM, dAnavI pravRttiyA~ unheM zoSaNa, anyAya, damana aura utpIDana ke maMca banA detI haiN| vizva taka kI vartamAna vyavasthA vikRta hai mAnavIya mUlyoM ke kSaraNa se : ___ mAnava jaba apanI guNavattA se patita hotA hai, taba nIce se lekara Upara taka kI samUcI vyavasthA usa patana se prabhAvita hotI hai| kAraNa, vyavasthA kA mUla to mAnava para hI TikA hotA hai| mAnava ke mana, vacana, karma meM jitane aMzoM meM mAnavIya mUlyoM kA kSaraNa hotA hai| utane hI aMzoM meM saMbaMdhita 83

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sucaritram vyavasthA meM vikAroM kA samAveza hotA hai| vyakti kI vikRti parivAra para asara DAlatI hai, vahAM samAna vyavahAra ke sthAna para bheda buddhi se viSamatA bar3hane lagatI hai| isI krama meM gAMva, nagara aura rASTra taka kI vyavasthA para viparIta asara par3atA hai| rASTroM kI kaTutA athavA zIta yuddha jaisI sthiti kA bhI antarrASTrIya saMgaThanoM kI kArya kSamatA evaM praNAlI para burA prabhAva par3atA hai| do rASTroM ke bIca yuddha chir3a jAne para to vyavasthA chinna-bhinna jaisI ho jAtI hai| vyakti kA avamUlyana huA to samajhie ki saMbaMdhita sArI vyavasthA ke mUlyAMkana kA mApadaMDa nIce girane lagatA hai| isa prakAra mAnavIya mUlyoM kA mahattva spaSTa hai| parivAra se lekara vizva taka kI sArI vyavasthA mAnavIya mUlyoM ke kSaraNa se kyoM vikRta bana jAtI hai-isake kAraNoM ko samajhanA caahiye| sAmahika hitoM para coTa pahuMcAkara jaba mAnava nijI svArthoM meM lipta hotA hai tathA una svArthoM ko nihita kara letA hai taba usakI karttavyabuddhi naSTa hone lagatI hai| jisa pada para yA jisa kSetra meM vaha kArya karatA hai, vaha usa pada yA kSetra ke prati apane kartavyoM ko bhulA kara adhikAroM para bala dene lagatA hai| kartavya pAlana ke abhAva meM adhikAroM kA astitva hI kahAM banatA hai? kartavyoM kA pAlana nahIM hotA hai to vyavasthA doSapUrNa tathA pakSapAtapUrNa banatI hai| Aja kisI bhI stara kI vyavasthA meM ye vikAra khule taura para dekhe jA sakate haiN| ___ kartavyoM kI avahelanA tathA adhikAroM para hI bala dene kA duSpariNAma hotA hai| dhIre-dhIre vyavasthA kA prabhAvahIna hote jaanaa| isa prabhAvahInatA se kriyAzIlatA prabhAvita hotI hai tathA samAja kA vikAsa avaruddha ho jAtA hai| isase bhI Age nihita svArthoM vargo tathA vyaktiyoM dvArA adhikAroM kA atikramaNa kiyA jAtA hai| jo vyavasthA ko caupaTa hI karatA jAtA hai| vyavasthA ke zithila hote jAne se svArthiyoM kA abhimAna AsamAna chUne lagatA hai| taba ve apane sAmarthya kI sImA ko bhulA kara abhimAna ke Aveza meM koI bhI akarma karane se nahIM hickicaate| una ke mAthe para ahaMkAra kA bhUta savAra ho jAtA hai| ahaMkAra ke sAtha kitane vikAra jur3a jAte haiM isakA koI hisAba nhiiN| vartamAna paristhitiyoM para uparokta vizleSaNa ko ghaTAyA jAe to koI saMdeha nahIM raha jAegA ki parivAra ke saMgaThana se lekara vikRta/antarrASTrIya saMgaThanoM kI vyavasthA kitanI vikRta evaM kitanI uttaradAyitva vihIna hotI jA rahI hai| isI kI rozanI meM Akalana karanA hogA ki Aja kA mAnava apane svabhAva se kitanA dUra hotA jA rahA hai aura kyoM vibhAva kI aMdherI galiyoM meM bhaTakatA jA rahA hai| arAjakatA evaM avyavasthA kI jar3a meM hai mAnavIya mUlyoM kA kSaraNa, jaba mAnavatA se Upara dAnavatA kA varcasva bar3hegA to suvyavasthA sthApita raha hI kaise sakatI hai? AcAra hInatA Aja ke mAnava kI samasyA hai to usakA samAdhAna hai sadAcAra : __niSkarSa yaha nikalatA hai ki Aja ke mAnava kI sabase bar3I samasyA hai aacaarhiintaa| mAnavIya guNoM kA hrAsa hone kI sthiti meM AcAra hI to bigddegaa| guNa yA mUlya vaha tattva hai jo mana, vacana tathA vyavahAra meM raca-basa jAtA hai| jaise kisI coTa se kAphI khUna baha jAe to usakA zarIra kI zakti para kuprabhAva par3atA hai, usI prakAra guNazIla AcAra arthAt caritrazIlatA kI hAni se manobala tathA

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kyA vizva kI vikRta vyavasthA mAnavIya mUlyoM kI mAMga nahIM karatI? Atmazakti kI kSati hotI hai| yaha kSati vyakti kI jIvanacaryA ko dUSita banAtI hai to sAre sAmAjika DhAMce ko bhI kSata-vikSata karatI hai| ataH vyakti kI AcAra kI samasyA kA saccA aura sthAyI samAdhAna yahI hai ki vaha sadAcArI bne| sadAcAra hI vaha Atma bala hai jo kahIM bhI kisI se bhI parAjita nahIM hotA, balki dUsaroM ko bhI parAjita nahIM karatA-unake diloM ko jIta letA hai| ___ yaha batAyA jA cukA hai ki sadAcAra sthAyI, sArvadezika evaM sArvakAlika hotA hai| isa dRSTi se sadAcAra kA jJAna, anubhava evaM svarUpa satya se hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaise satya tInoM lokoM meM vyApta rahatA hai tathA tInoM kAla meM zAzvata (eka jaisA) rahatA hai| usI prakAra sadAcAra bhI zAzvata hotA hai| yaha sadAcAra mAnava mAtra ke liye anivArya hai, kyoMki anya prANI jagat to prakRti dvArA niyaMtrita evaM niyamita rahatA hai| parantu mAnava prakRti se Upara hai aura use apanI vyavasthA svayaM karane kI buddhi evaM zakti prApta hai| vaha sva-niyaMtrita hotA hai tathA sadAcAra usI sva-niyaMtrita vyavasthA kA hI dUsarA nAma hai| sadAcAra tathA asadAcAra (anAcAra) kA prazna isI pariprekSya meM dekhA jAnA caahie| prAcIna dhAraNAoM ke anusAra zAstra sammata AcaraNa ko sadAcAra kahA hai tathA asammata AcaraNa ko asadAcAra / aisA kyoM kahA gayA hai? zAstra kA artha hai antarjJAnI kI AvAja antarjJAna kaise hotA haijaina matAnusAra jo cAra ghanaghAtI karmoM ko kSaya kara letA vaha aMtarjJAnI (sarvajJa) hotA hai| mUlataH bhAvanAoM kI utkRSTatama anubhUti hI arntajJAna ko prasphuTita evaM prakAzita karatI hai| isa antarjJAna kA samagra vizva yA mAnava jAti ke liye yahI sandeza hotA hai ki mAnava jijiviSA evaM bhogeSaNA kI pazu vRttiyoM ko maryAdita kreN| pazutva se Upara uThakara mAnavatA ke stara taka pahuMcane ke liye maryAdA evaM sImA kA prazna pramukha hai| maryAdAoM kI jIvana meM samanvitatA kA nAma hI sadAcAra hai| kahA hai ki jo brahmAMDa meM hai, vahI piMDa meM hai aura jo piMDa meM hai vahI brahmAMDa meN| mAnava ke piMDa meM brahmAMDa ke sabhI sthUla evaM sUkSma spandanoM ko grahaNa karane kI kSamatA hai kintu usa kSamatA kA upayoga tabhI saMbhava banatA hai jaba mAnava deha usake liye utanI saMskArita, dakSa evaM prazikSita ho| isa deha ke svastha upayoga kA prazikSaka hai naitikatApUrNa sdaacaar| yaha madhya kI kar3I hai jisase mAnava banatA hai| sphiMksa ke gurutmAn nara-pazu kA rUpaka aura vaha pazutva ko maryAdita kara detA hai| isa stara se mAnava eka prakAra se pazupati bana jAtA hai| phira isa naitikatA kA atikramaNa karane ke bAda vaha naratva se nArAyaNatva kI dizA meM agrasara hotA hai| taba sahaja hI meM pUrNa sadAcAra kI upalabdhi ho jAtI hai| sadAcAra kI AdhArazilA yaha hai ki mAnava ke liye hI sAre vidhi-niSedha hote haiM kyoMki vaha eka sAmAjika prANI hai| usase sArA paryAvaraNa bhI saMbaMdhita hotA hai| sAre sAmAjika saMbaMdhoM kI pRSThabhUmi meM hotA hai karma kA vijJAna, jo jIvanAntara taka calatA hai| karma siddhAnta ke AdhAra para hI sukha evaM duHkha kI phalazruti hotI hai| 'mArailiTI' vyAvahArika pahalU hai to meTAphijiksa' usakA dArzanika chora / sAmAjika maryAdAoM (nArsa) ko banAye rakhane ko sAmAnyatA arthAt 'normala' rahanA kahate haiN| __ Adhunika yuga meM sarvAdhika durdazA ho rahI hai maryAdAoM kI aura antataH sadAcAra kii| pAzcAtya saMskRti kI eka ukti hai-veltha ija losTa, nathiMga ija losTa, heltha ija losTa, samathiMga ija 85

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sucaritram losTa baTa kerekTara ija losTa, evarIthiMga ija losTa (yAnI dhana gayA, kucha nahIM gayA, svAsthya gayA to kucha gayA parantu caritra gayA to saba kucha calA gayA), lekina yaha ukti mAno Aja ekadama ulaTa gaI hai| isa taraha ki caritra gayA to kucha nahIM gayA, svAsthya gayA to kucha gayA, parantu dhana calA gayA to saba kucha calA gyaa| yaha yuga dhana pradhAna ho gayA aura mAnava kI pradhAnatA nIce gira gaI hai| arthAt jar3a Aja cetana para zAsana kara rahA hai| isakA hI ku-prabhAva sadAcAra para par3A hai-maryAdAoM kA lopa ho rahA hai to sImAeM TUTa rahI hai aura aisA jaba hotA hai to pazutva kI hI nahIM balki dAnavatA kI chAyA mAnavatA ko ghera letI hai| isa chAyA ko haTAne ke liye sadAcAra kI punaH pratiSThA anivArya hai| mAnavIya mUlyoM kI punaH pratiSThA hetu lakSya banAveM Atmopalabdhi kA : ____ Atmopalabdhi kA kyA artha? sIdhA-sA artha hai apane Apako pA lenA, parantu yaha 'pA lenA' bar3A hI kaThina kArya hai| apane Apako kevala Apa meM hI nahIM pAyA jA sakatA hai| Aja vyakti aura samAja ke saMbaMdha apane ApameM itane guMtha gaye haiM ki unheM pRthak-pRthak nahIM dekhA jA sktaa| svatva aura paratva meM pRthaktA dharma aura darzana ko bhI mAnya nahIM hai| svatva ko paratva meM jisa prakAra aura jitanI mAtrA meM utAra pAte haiM, usI rIti se para ko sva meM dekha pAte haiM aura itanI hI upalabdhi tathA samAdhAna kA anubhava kara pAte haiN| yaha zeSa ke sAtha ekatA kI jo anubhUti hai, vahI Atmopalabdhi kA svarUpa hai| sabako pA jAnA apane ko pAnA hai aura apane ko pA lene meM sabako pA lenA hai| sva aura para yAnI zeSa kI apane bhItara jo prApti hai, vahI Atmopalabdhi hai| kAraNa, apane ko apane bhItara pAne ke sAtha apane ko zeSa meM bhI pAnA hotA hai tabhI use pAne kI pUrNatA ho sakatI hai| apane ko hama zeSa meM hI pA sakate haiM, anyathA kisI vidha pA nahIM skte| agara vRttiyoM ko saMyata nahIM kara pAveM to ahaMkAra jAga jAtA hai aura ahaMkAra meM jakar3a kara bhItara meM baMda ho jAne ke bAda Atmopalabdhi kI sthiti se DagamagA jAte haiN| mAnava jIvana kA lakSya Atmopalabdhi kA honA cAhiye jo usameM antaHstha rahatA hai| usa anta:sthatA kI vyApti aura vistAra hI vAstavika lakSya hai| Aja kA saca yaha hai ki merA pApa yA merA maila mere taka hI sImita nahIM rhtaa| jisa ghaniSThatA se saMpUrNa vizva aneka prakAroM se Apasa meM jur3A hai aura sAmAjikatA kA vikAsa huA hai, usako dekhate hue merA pApa yA merA maila sAre vizva ko mailA karane vAlA hai| vaha kevala merA hI maila nahIM rahatA asara ke najariye se| ata: vaha mujhe hI kaSTa nahIM detA, sAre vizva ke kaSTa kA kAraNa bana sakatA hai| use apanA mAnakara maiM apane ko zuddha bhI kara lUM yA kSamA bhI kara dUM kintu yaha kSamA isa kAraNa vyartha ho sakatI hai ki pApa mujha taka hI sImita nahIM rahatA, vaha apanA trAsa cAroM aura phailAtA hai| Aja dRSTi aura vaicArikatA uttarottara adhikAdhika sAmAjika banatI jA rahI hai aura tadanusAra adhyAtma kA phailAva bhI jarUrI hai| saMdarbha aba nijatA se phailakara parasparatA se sambaddha ho rahA hai aura dRSTi ko usI anukrama meM agragAmI banAnA hogA, nahIM to dRSTi va vaicArikatA pratigAmI bana jAegI tathA vaha mukti kA kAraNa banane kI bajAya baMdhana kA kAraNa ho jaayegii| pratyeka vyakti pratikSaNa apane meM abhAva aura AkAMkSA kA anubhava karatA hai aura isa anubhava se mukti Atmopalabdhi meM hI siddha hotI hai, kAraNa usameM sva aura para kA sundara samanvaya 86

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kyA vizva kI vikRta vyavasthA mAnavIya mUlyoM kI mAMga nahIM karatI? taNana paNadazanA samAyA huA rahatA hai| aisI Atmopalabdhi ko mAnava jIvana kA lakSya banAne se svahita tathA parahita kA vikAsa bhI hogA tathA vistAra bhii| aura isa samaya to una mAnavIya mUlyoM kI punaH pratiSThA kA prazna hai, so use bhI isa lakSya se sulajhAyA jA skegaa| mAnavIya mUlyoM kA nirmANa saMbhava hogA satya kI bhUmikA para : ___ sabhI darzanoM kA nirvivAda mata hai ki satya bhagavAn hai (saccaM khalu hI bhagavaM-mahAvIra) tathA satya ke sAkSAtkAra ko bhagavata svarUpa kA darzana kahA gayA hai| satya kA sAkSAtkAra yA parNa: gahana sAdhanA kA pratiphala hotA hai| satya kI sthiti ko svarNa ke dRSTAnta se smjheN| sonA DhalADhalAyA DaliyoM, biskuToM yA pAToM meM nahIM miltaa| usake kaNa to bar3I-bar3I caTTAnoM meM isa taraha bikhare aura cipake hote haiM ki usakA bhAga zatAMza se bhI kama honA kahA jAtA hai| apAra parizrama tathA rAsAyanika prakriyAoM ke bAda saMcita kie hue sone ko vikraya hetu alaga-alaga AkAra diye jAte haiN| sau gune parizrama kI tulanA meM eka gunA sonA prApta hone ke kAraNa hI sone kA mUlya itanA jyAdA hotA hai| yaha to sthUla bAta hai, kintu isI ko sUkSma rUpa meM leM to satya kA saMkalana bhI duruha satya kA saMkalana karanA par3atA hai aura usI se usakA pUrNa rUpa saMbhava banatA hai| satya kA saMkalana kareM, Akalana kareM, vizleSaNa kareM aura samIkSA se tapAveM taba jAkara satyAMza kA svarUpa nikharatA hai aura yaha sAdhanA calatI rahatI hai| satyAMzoM ko samajhane tathA vizleSita karane kI saphala dRSTi hai-anekAntavAdI dRSTi / darzana zAstra ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kI yaha anupama bheMTa hai| ekAntavAdI dRSTi rakhane se kisI bhI vastu yA tattva kA eka pahalU hI dRSTigata hogaa| dRSTi ko anekAntavAdI banAeMge tabhI usake sAre pahalU yAnI usakA pUrA svarUpa samajha meM A skegaa| aMdhoM aura hAthI kI kahAnI se isa dRSTi kI vAstavikatA sApha hotI hai| apanI hI mAnyatA kA Agraha na rakha kara sabhI kI bhAvanAoM ko sunanA, samajhanA tathA usameM rahe hue satyAMza ko pakar3anA caahie| inhIM satyAMzoM ke saMkalana se pUrNa satya kA citra ubharatA hai| anekAntavAda vicAra samanvaya kA sambala hai aura vicAroM ke vivAdoM ko sulajhA kara eka dUsare ko samAna vaicArikatA se jor3atA hai| yahI dRSTi satya kI dRSTi hotI hai| satya kI isI bhUmikA para naye mAnava kA nirmANa karanA hogA tabhI mAnavIya mUlyoM kI punaH pratiSThA prabhAvazAlI bana skegii| vyakti kI apAra icchAoM ke niyaMtraNa hetu sAmAjika vyavasthA bhI cAhie: ___ hama yaha jAna cuke haiM ki vyakti kI apAra tRSNA tathA svArthavAditA se hI mAnavIya mUlya Ahata hote haiM aura kaI bAra vyakti kA yaha Avega itanA jabaradasta ho jAtA hai ki rAjya kI yA anya sAmUhika zakti ke dvArA bhI use roka pAnA kaThina ho jAtA hai| yaha bhI jAnA jA cukA hai ki vyakti ke kAryoM se pUrA samAja aura vizva prabhAvita hotA hai to sAmAjika zakti kA bhI vyakti para prabhAva par3atA hai| yaha sahI hai ki niSThA aura saMyama ke dhanI sAdhaka svayaM hI apane mana aura jIvana para samyak niyaMtraNa kara lete haiM tathA sAre vizva ke liye Adarza prastuta kara jAte haiM kintu aise virala mahAmAnavoM kI saMkhyA kA kula mAnava jAti kI saMkhyA ke sAtha anupAta nagaNya-sA hotA hai| ataH

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sucaritram 888 vizAla janasaMkhyA kI asImita icchAoM para niyaMtraNa ke liye svayaM ke sivAya anyoM kA asaradAra niyaMtraNa bhI honA caahie| sva para sva ke niyaMtraNa ke lie aneka dharma darzanoM ne mArga sujhAyA hai aura jaina darzana ne to aisA anupama mArga sujhAyA hai ki sva ke niyaMtraNa kA prabhAva pUre samAja para pdd'e| jainoM kI ahiMsaka jIvanazailI, aparigrahavAdI vicAradhArA Adi kA aisA mArga hai jisake anusAra na sirpha dhana, sampatti kI hI, balki upayoga upabhoga ke sabhI padArthoM kI bhI maryAdA grahaNa karanI hotI hai tAki eka ora saMgraha vRtti na bar3ha jAe to dUsarI ora sabhI padArthoM kA samAja meM vikendrita vitaraNa hotA rhe| mUla meM sadAcAra kI yahI preraNA hai ki pratyeka padArtha kI sImA nizcita karo, AcaraNa kI maryAdAeM banAo aura pAzavika vRttiyoM se baca kara raho / Aja ke vikasita vijJAna ke yuga meM sukha suvidhAoM ke itane sAdhanoM aura upakaraNoM kI. upalabdhi huI hai ki icchAoM ke daura daure ko niyaMtraNa meM le pAnA svayaM vyakti ke liye asAdhya jaisA ho gayA hai| aise meM sAmAjika niyaMtraNa se hI kAma bana sakatA hai| yaha niyaMtraNa rAjya zakti kA bhI ho sakatA hai to sAmUhika saMgaThanoM kA bhI ! jisase vyakti kI manamAnI nahIM calegI aura use nirdhArita maryAdAoM ke anuzAsana meM calanA pdd'egaa| sAmAjikatA evaM parasparatA kA bhI Aja aisA vikAsa ho gayA hai ki vyakti ko nizcita sImAoM ke bhItara bhautika unnati karane ke kAma meM isa zakti kA sadupayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| vaise bhI samAja ko Aja isa rUpa meM sugaThita karanA hogA ki vaha sAmAnya vyakti ke vikAsa patha ko kAMToM bhAToM ke binA samatala bhUmi para sugama banAveM tAki vyakti apane Atma bala ko sameTa kara usa para druta gati se cala sake aura apane sAdhya ko pA ske| vyavasthA kI samUcI praNAlI ahiMsA para AdhArita kI jAe : Azcarya na kareM, ye paramANu bama aura anya atighAtaka zastra ahiMsA kA pATha par3hA rahe haiN| yaha jo zakti prakaTa huI hai to usakI pahalI sArthakatA aNubama ke rUpa meM pahacAnI gaI hai| yaha pahalI bAra hai ki sampUrNa vizva ne tathA pratyeka mAnava ne hiMsA kI bhISaNa saMhAraka zakti kA paricaya pAyA hai aura jAnakArI lI hai ki vaha hiMsA kA kitanA bar3A dAruNa upakaraNa hai| jApAna ke nagara - hirozimA aura nAgAsAkI para jaba aNubama girAye gaye the aura usake kAraNa jaisA mahAvinAza kA dRzya sabake sAmane upasthita huA thA, sabakI AMkheM khula gaI haiM ki ina aNu astroM ke dhAraka deza ke zAsakoM ke mana kI tanika sI vikRti kisa prakAra sAre saMsAra ko dhvasta kara sakatI hai| abhI taka isI kAraNa kisI bhI paramANu sampanna rASTra ne phira se aNu astra kA prayoga karane kI bhUla nahIM kI hai| sabako yaha anubhava ho gayA hai ki hiMsA kA bhAva kisa sImA taka ghAtaka ho sakatA hai aura isIliye ahiMsA kA vicAra kitanA Avazyaka bana gayA hai| hiMsA kI ati hI Aja ahiMsA kA pATha par3hA rahI hai| anekoM dharmazAstra tathA darzana sAhitya itane kAla se jisa kaThora satya ko mAnava mana nikaTa pratyakSa nahIM kara paae| hiMsaka kahe jAne vAle isa aNu Ayudha ke AviSkAra ne vaha pATha mAnava ke mAnasa meM eka sAtha utAra diyA hai| yaha vicAraNIya vastu sthiti hai ki itihAsa meM se hiMsA

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kyA vizva kI vikRta vyavasthA mAnavIya mUlyoM kI mAMga nahIM karatI? nahIM nikalatI hai, balki ahiMsA ke vicAra kI anivAryatA nikalatI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ahiMsA ke vistAra ke liye Aja jisa prakAra kI puSTa AdhAra bhUmi taiyAra huI hai| vaisI zAyada pahale nahIM huI ho aura yaha AdhAra bhUmi prerita karatI hai ki vizva kI samUcI vyavasthA ahiMsA para AdhArita kI jAe tathA yaha ahiMsA mAtra vyavahAra kI hI bAta na ho, apitu sampUrNa jIvanazailI kA rUpa dhAraNa kara le| Aja bAhya darzana kI hiMsA jaise antardarzana kI ahiMsA ko pATha ke rUpa meM prastuta karane ko hI sAmane AI ho| isa ghora hiMsA kI sthiti ne sabake mana mAnasa meM ahiMsA kI lalaka paidA kara dI hai| hiMsA aura ahiMsA ke bala ke viSaya meM manovaijJAnika sthiti para bhI dhyAna dene kI jarUrata hai / soceM ki eka vyakti kisI anya vyakti para atyAcAra karatA hai to jisa para atyAcAra kiyA jAtA hai vaha to mAtra hiMsA kA upalakSya hotA hai tathA lakSya to svayaM usakA nija hotA hai| isa manovijJAna ke anusAra ve loga, jo sattA aura zastra lekara usakI pratiSThA meM lage hue haiM, asala meM ve kahIM apane bhItara kI zaMkA se hI lar3anA cAha rahe hoN| mUla rUpa se AtatAyI kI manaH sthiti dayanIya hotI hai, vaha AtaMka ke dvArA apane ahaM kI tuSTi cAhatA hai| acchAI aura saccAI ke liye bhI jinhoMne hiMsaka bala kA prayoga kiyA, unameM kahIM Atma bala kI nyUnatA avazya rahI hogii| satya ke sAtha bala ke rUpa meM ahiMsA kA hI mela ho sakatA hai| sAmyavAdI zAsana kA prayoga eka acche uddezya ke liye huA thA kintu hiMsA ko AdhAra banA lene ke kAraNa antatogatvA vaha viphala huaa| vastuta: ahiMsA kA bala hI saccA bala hai- aba isa dizA meM pUre vizva kI dRSTi ghUma gaI hai| yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki ahiMsA ke vicAra ko kAryAnvita karane meM kucha samaya lage, kintu Aja hiMsA kI koI bhI deza vakAlata nahIM karatA hai / ahiMsA ke pakSa meM bana rahe isa vizvajanIna vAtAvaraNa kA pUrApUrA lAbha uThAyA jAnA cAhiye / ahiMsA ke niSThAvAna anuyAyiyoM dvArA isa Andolana ko agratA pradAna karate hue ki ahiMsA ko sabhI saMgaThana aura dhIre-dhIre sabhI rASTra apanI nIti banA leM tAki nicale staroM para to hiMsA kA calana pUrI taraha baMda ho ske| antarbAhya jIvana ke sRjana se vikAsa kA cakra nita calatA rahe: do prakAra kI vRttiyoM tathA pravRttiyoM kA sthAna-sthAna para ullekha AyA karatA hai - eka antarmukhI to dUsarI bahirmukhI / ye donoM sAdhana rUpa hotI hai jisakA sAdhya hai ekatA yA ekarUpatA / jo andara se eka banatA hai, bAhara se sAtha bhI usakA sAmaMjasya bar3hatA hai athavA jo bAhara ke prati apanA saMbaMdha sahI banAtA hai, vaha bhItara meM bhI zAnta aura tRpta rahatA hai| Azaya yaha ki antarbAhya jIvana kI ekarUpatA kisI ghire vRtta meM yA baMda vAtAvaraNa meM siddha nahIM ho sakatI hai, kAraNa vaha vyavahAra se nirapekSa nahIM raha sakatI hai| vyavahAra sadA paraspara ke saMbaMdhoM ke AdhAra para banatA hai aura vyaktitva kI Antarika ekatA ina saMbaMdha sUtroM ke mAdhyama se bAhara prabhAva evaM sadbhAva utpanna kiye binA nahIM raha sakatI hai| vyakti jo virATa banatA hai usa virATatA kI prakriyA yahI hai| koI apane hI meM bar3A ho - isakA koI artha nhiiN| aisA manamAnA bar3appana antarbAhya ekatA kA paricaya nahIM detA, balki ahaM 89

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sucaritram kA bhAva pradarzita karatA hai| ataH bAhara aura bhItara ke jIvana meM saccI ekatA sAdhI jAnI caahie| vartamAna samaya meM aksara kahA jAtA hai ki loga apane ceharoM para kaI-kaI mukhauTe oDhe rahate haiN| jisakA matalaba yahI hotA hai ki unake caritra meM yAnI bAhara-bhItara kI jindagI meM ekarUpatA nahIM hai| jo vaha socatA hai, bolatA usase kucha alaga hai aura jo bolatA hai, kAma usake dUsare hI hote haiN| mana se, vacana se aura karma se jo alaga-alaga ho, vaha durjana hai| sajjana kA svabhAva nizchala aura sarala hotA hai-mana, vacana, evaM karma se ek| sajjana caritrazIla hotA hai| yoM mukhauTe yAnI ki dogalApana durjanatA kI nizAniyAM haiN| jIvana kA samyak vikAsa tabhI saMbhava aura saphala banatA hai jaba apanI antarmukhitA tathA bahirmukhitA meM ekarUpatA paidA ho, ekarUpatA banI rahe tathA vaha ekarUpatA itanI spaSTa ho ki vaha saba para apanA suprabhAva DAla ske| yaha ekarUpatA sabhI unnatikAmiyoM ke liye sAdhya rUpa hai| ___ maulika rUpa se yahI prazna sarvatra ubharatA hai ki caritra kA nirmANa evaM caritra kI surakSA kI dizA meM sadaiva sajagatA banI rahanI caahiye| mana, vacana, karma kI ekatA ke binA na vyaktitva kA gaThana hotA hai aura na hI gatizIlatA paidA hotI hai| yaha ekatA caritra ke nirmANa se sAdhI jA sakatI hai| cAhe vyakti kA nijI jIvana ho athavA usakA sAmAjika jIvana-usakI gatividhiyoM se chala kA doSa nikale tabhI saralatA kA praveza ho skegaa| chala hI bhAMti-bhAMti ke mukhauTe ghar3atA hai aura una mukhauToM se saca kI hatyA karavAtA hai| isIliye nizchala jIvana kI mahatA hai aura zizu kI nizchalatA sarAhanA pAtI hai| caritra saMpannatA ke sAtha hI sarala evaM nizcala jIvana kA AraMbha hotA hai aura vyaktitva virATatA kI dizA meM gati karatA hai| antarbAhya ekatA hI jIvana vikAsa kI mUla hai| ekatA ke AdhAra para kiye gaye sRjana se hI jIvana kA saccA vikAsa hotA hai, kyoMki caritrazIlatA ke sambala ke sAtha sAdhA jAne vAlA vikAsa uccastha zikhara taka pahuMcatA hai to saMpUrNa mAnava jIvana ko vaise vikAsa ke liye prerita bhI karatA hai| bhAva pravAha meM jaise ye kAvya pNktiyaaN| sarjita hotI calI gaI (mAnava ko sambodhita karate hue) sRjana kara aise sumana, jinakI naI suvAsa ho durgaMdhamaya saMsAra meM jinakI jarUrata ravAsa ho sRjana kara aise vacana, jo sRSTi ko svIkAra ho nita rozanI dete raheM jo sRSTi ke zrRMgAra ho sRjana kara niSkAma pUjA, jisameM na icchA, kAma ho niSkAma hokara bhI jo pUre, aura kAmanA tamAma ho sRjana kara aisI zikSA, vizvatama ko hara sake kalamba sAre dUra kara jo jyoti naI bhara sake sRjana kara tU chAMda aise, preraNAeM jo bhara sake saMgIta se jo zUnya haiM, unheM saMgItamaya kara sake sRjana kara aisI gati, jisakA na virAma ho 90

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kyA vizva kI vikRta vyavasthA mAnavIya mUlyoM kI mAMga nahIM karatI? calate calo calate calo, calanA hI jIvana dhAma ho sRjana se vikAsa kA yaha cakra nita calatA rahe dUra kara kaThinAiyA~, utsAhita bharatA rhe| sRjana aura vikAsa kA aisA cakra pratyeka mAnava ke jIvana meM cale, samAja ke jIvana meM cale tAki dvandoM aura vivAdoM se mana dUra haTa jaae| jaba kisI racanAtmaka kArya meM koI pravRtta hotA hai to yaha svAbhAvika ho jAtA hai ki usakA mana usa meM tallIna ho jaae| aisI tallInatA meM vyartha vivAda ko avakAza hI kahAM raha jAtA hai? dharma ke kSetra meM bhI jaba sRjana kA krama calatA hai to jJAna-dhyAna kI pravRtti calatI hai aura caritra nirmANa kI dRSTi se AcaraNa kI prAbhAvikatA bar3hatI hai| jIvanI zaktiyoM kA sRjana hI sabase bar3A racanAtmaka kArya hotA hai| isa meM tallIna rahane ke bAda svabhAva sarala hotA hai, vyavahAra madhura banatA hai tathA sauhArdra evaM sahayoga kI dhArA vyakti se lekara sakala samAja meM pravAhita hone lagatI hai / vacana, zikSA, saMgIta, gati aura vikAsa meM jaba sRjana kA krama pallavita ho jAtA hai| to phira vikAsa kA krama bhI nirAbAdha tathA nirantara bana jAtA hai| vikAsa kI nirantaratA meM caritra zakti kI sudRr3hatA banI rahatI hai, niSkAma bhAvanA puSpita hotI hai tathA mana, vacana evaM karma kI ekarUpatA kA uccatama lakSya pratiphalita hotA hai / anavarata prayatna ho ki sRjana evaM vikAsa cakra nita calatA hai| 91

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caraNa camatkAra se ho sakatA hai kaisA bhI jIvana mahimA-maMDita sAdhya-sAdhana aura sAdhaka ke pariprekSya meM caritra nirmANa paramAtmA ke caraNoM meM AsthA kA pragAr3ha bhAva ho, AtmA ke caraNoM meM unnati ke utsAha kA prabhAva ho to maMjila kitanI hI dUbhara kyoM na ho, caraNa gati na rukegI, na thakegI, na jhukegI balki aisI susthira, sughar3a evaM sugama ho jAegI ki maMjila mila kara hI rahegI.... ___ yoM vicAra taraMgeM mana mAnava meM udvelita hone lagI aura pravAha calatA rahA.... __mana kI caMcalatAoM se parezAna huuN| yaha mana caMcala, Atura evaM durjaya hai jo mujhe khIMca kara le jAtA hai| vAsanAoM ke daladala meM yaha kabhI svAdoM ke rasa meM palatA hai, kabhI AMkhoM se sundara vastuoM dRzya, padArthoM ko dekhane meM magana hotA hai| vaha hAthoM se sukomala padArthoM kA sparza karanA cAhatA hai| usakI hara cAha meM kabhI kyA to kabhI kyA? vaha na jAne kyA-kyA cAhatA rahatA hai? usake cakkara meM lagatA hai ki maiM rAha bhUla cukA hU~ aura mana kI maMjila ko hI apanI maMjila mAna cukA hU~... aura isa bekhabara rAha meM kitane mana aTake hue haiM, bhaTaka rahe haiM ise hI apanA dhyeya mAna kara... socatA aura anubhava karatA hU~ ki vyaktiyoM ke mana isI taraha bekhabara rAha para gamarAha ho rahe haiM aura

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caraNa camatkAra se ho sakatA hai| kaisA bhI jIvana mahimA-maMDita

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caraNa camatkAra se ho sakatA hai kaisA bhI jIvana mahimA-maMDita vaha bhI na jAne kitane dIrghakAla se| kyA yaha mana kabhI ThikAne para AegA, AjJA meM calegA aura sahI rAha meM Age bar3hegA? kabhI vartamAna meM indriya janya, AsvAdoM, pramAdoM aura vivAdoM meM grasta banA rahatA hai to kabhI-kabhI inase vimukha bhI ho jAtA hai, atIta kI kalpanAoM meM rama jAtA hai aura bhaviSya kI yojanAoM meM nimagna ho jAtA hai| .....sAgara kI taraMgoM kI taraha vicAroM kI taraMgeM bhI kabhI samApta nahIM hotI...eka ke bAda eka taraMgeM uThatI jA rahI hai, pUrva saMskAroM kI caTTAnoM se TakarA rahI hai, kabhI vilIna ho rahI hai to kabhI mana ko pIche dhakela rahI hai....kabhI AzA kI jhalaka to jaise kabhI antahIna nirAzA kA aMdhakAra...cintAoM, kalpanAoM kI taraMgoM para taraMgeM-kyA hogA, kucha samajha meM nahIM aataa| tanAvoM kI jakar3a, cintAoM kI pakar3a aura mana kI ulTI sIdhI kulAMce, jaise thakAna bar3hatI jA rahI hai, dizAhInatA kA anubhava hotA hai aura paramAtmA ko pukAratA hU~ prabho! bacAo mujhe, saMbhAlo mujhe, merA sahArA bano, mujhe yaha dikhAo.... maiM isa manamAne mana kI dAsatA se mukta honA cAhatA hU~, balki isa mana kA maiM saccA svAmI honA cAhatA hU~ ki maiM apane mana ko apane anuzAsana meM rakhU, apanI AjJA meM claauuN| taba mere ye caraNa caleMge, tIvra gati se caleMge, sahI rAha para caleMge aura maMjila taka pahuMca kara hI caina leNge| caraNoM kI isa gati kA sambala merA mana hogA aura mana kI lagAma mere sudRr3ha hAthoM meM hogI, phira bhalA rAha se maiM kyoM kara bhaTaka sakU~gA? ___.... aura isa cintana ke sAtha hI jaise naI sphUrti mere mana mAnasa meM chAne lagI, gati meM naI zakti mahasUsa hone lagI aura cehare para naI AbhA jhalaka AI / maiM jahAM gumarAha ho rahA thA, vahAM rAha hI kahAM thI? aba to jaise prakAza phailatA jA rahA hai aura mujhe rAha najara Ane lagI hai, mere caraNa tejI se calane lage haiN| paramAtmA ke caraNoM meM pahuMca jAne ko utsuka h| merA mastaka prArthanA meM jhuka gayA hai....merI rAha meM ujAlA bhara do svAmI, mere saMjIdA mana kA bala lekara caraNa calate raheM, calate raheM, athaka calate raheM.....avirAma calate raheM jaba taka ki maMjila na pA jaauuN| caraNa camatkAra se jIvana kI samunnati sugama ho jAe, bhAvanAoM kI utkRSTa pariNati anupama bana jAe aura jAgRta ho jaae| eka-eka pala, gati aklAnta, avirala, mana, vacana, karma bane zuddhadhavala, cahuM ora samagra dRzya-sparzya ho jAe ujjavala....aura aba mana mAnane lagA hai ki-saba kucha hogA avazyameva sphl| caraNa bala prApta hotA hai eka lambe abhyAsa evaM AyAma ke pazcAt : varNa vyavasthA ne bhale hI kSudroM kI upamA caraNoM se dI ho, kintu caraNa kevala sevaka hI nahIM hote, ve sevya bhI hote haiN| kyA bhagavat caraNa sevya nahIM hote? isase yaha rahasya bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki caraNa kI mahimA sarvopari hotI hai-sevaka evaM sevya donoM rUpoM meN| sAtha hI yaha siddhAnta bhI pratiSThita hotA hai ki jIvana kI gati caraNa se caraNa taka hI sampannatA pAtI hai| sevaka se sevya banane kI gati, nara se nArAyaNa banane kI anubhUti athavA AtmA se paramAtmA meM rUpAntarita hone kI prtiiti| yoM pUrA zarIra caraNoM ke bala para hI TikA rahatA hai aura caraNa gati hI jIvana kI pragati banatI hai| parantu caraNoM kA 93

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sucaritram yaha sambala saralatA se prApta nahIM ho jAtA hai| isake liye dIrghakAlIna abhyAsa evaM AyAma kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| sociye ki eka ziza mAM kI kokha se bAhara AtA hai, usa samaya usake caraNa avazya hote haiM kintu ve gati-zakti se sampanna nahIM hote| usake caraNa niSkriya bhI nahIM hote-sote-sote bhI zizu unheM havA meM uchAlA karatA hai jaise ki vaha apanI AkAMkSA prakaTa kara rahA ho ki ina caraNoM ko gatizIla banAnA hai| jaba vaha kucha bar3A hotA hai to ghuTanoM ke bala sarakatA hai, dhIre-dhIre kucha dUrI pAra karatA hai| usa choTI, lekina mahattvapUrNa gati se utsAhita hotA hai| ghuTanoM ke bala phira vaha bAra-bAra aura tejI se calanA zuru karatA hai| usakA abhyAsa calatA rahatA hai| dUsare daura meM vaha kucha bhI pakar3a kara khar3A hone kI koziza karatA hai aura kisI AtmIya kI aMgulI jaba usake sAmane AtI hai to use vaha pakar3a kara apane pAMvoM se calane kI koziza karatA hai| isa daura meM vaha svataMtra rUpa se bhI . uThatA hai, khar3A hotA hai, calane kI koziza karatA hai, lar3akhar3AtA hai, gira par3atA hai aura phira se uTha kara utsAhapUrvaka usI krama ko doharAtA rahatA hai| zizu kI isa lIlA meM dhyAna meM lene lAyaka tathya yaha dikhAI detA hai ki bAra-bAra gira kara bhI usake abhyAsa meM zithilatA nahIM AtI, balki usakA utsAha bar3hatA rahatA hai aura usake usa abhyAsa kI puSTi hotI rahatI hai| saca to yaha hai ki zizu kAla meM jo amita utsAha dikhAI detA hai, yadi usakI sphUrti vaisI hI jIvanaparyanta banI rahe to koI zakti nahIM, jo usake sampUrNa vikAsa ko pratibAdhita kara ske| phira jaldI hI vaha samaya bhI AtA hai, jaba usake caraNa dharatI para jama kara Age se Age bar3hane lagate haiN| zizu se kizora aura kizora se yuvA hone para una caraNoM meM eka adbhuta zakti kA praveza bhI hotA hai, jo use dharatI para hI jama kara nahIM calAtI, balki use saphalatA pUrvaka havA meM daur3AtI rahatI hai| yadi ve caraNa caritra ke bala se puSTa hote haiM to unake calane se dharatI dhUjatI hai, pahAr3a hilate haiM aura AsamAna meM rAha bana jAtI hai| caraNa ve hI sacce artha meM hitakArI maryAdAoM meM Dhalate haiM tathA lokahita meM apanA saba kucha nyauchAvara kara dene ke liye macalate haiN| ye zarIra ke caraNa hI caritra ke rUpa meM AtmA ke caraNa bana jAte haiM-sevaka se sevya ho jAte haiN| caraNa bala caritra bala bana kara sampUrNa vizva kA rakSaka evaM saMrakSaka bana jAtA hai, parantu isake liye apekSita hai kaThina abhyAsa evaM sotsAha aayaam| caraNa vidhi, saMskAra kI bhUmikA evaM caritra gaThana se vyaktitva kA nirmANa : caraNa calane ke pratIka bhI hote haiM to sambala bhii| calanA vidhipUrvaka honA cAhie tabhI gati se pragati kI ora agrasara hai, anyathA isa calane kA krama avidhipUrvaka bana gayA to samajhie ki gati to vigati banegI hI kintu vaha patana ke aise gahare garta meM girA degI, jahAM se uTha pAnA aura nikala pAnA asAdhya nahIM to dussAdhya to avazya hI hogaa| yaha jo calane kI bAta kI jA rahI hai, vaha sirpha bAhara ke calane kI hI bAta nahIM hai balki usase bhI kaI gunI adhika bhItara meM calane kI bAta hai| ye jo caraNa bAhara ke calane kI najara se pAMva, paga yA pAda kahalAte haiM, ve hI caraNa antargati ko lekara caritra kA rUpa dhara lete haiN| caraNa aura caritra donoM zabda 'cara' dhAtu se banate haiN| jisakA artha hai

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caraNa camatkAra se ho sakatA hai kaisA bhI jIvana mahimA maMDita clnaa| yaha calanA bahirjagat meM bhI hotA hai tathA antarjagat meM bhI hotA hai kintu donoM jagat eka dUsare se prabhAvita hote haiN| bhItara kA calanA bAhara kI cAla meM prakaTa hue binA nahIM rahatA aura bAhara kI sughar3a cAla bhItara ke calane ko svastha banAtI hai| caraNa aura caritra paraspara guMthe hue kriyAkalApa hote haiM tathA inako vidhi meM DhAlanA caahiye| vidhi meM Dhale hue caraNa aura caritra jIvana ko vigati kI ora kadApi nahIM jAne deNge| caraNa vidhi ko bArIkI se samajhane ke liye jIvana ke eka gaMbhIra saMkaTa ko bhI bArIkI se samajha lenA caahiye| jIvana meM kaI bAra jo gaMbhIra saMkaTa hamAre anubhava meM Ate haiM, ve mUlata: bAharI AghAtoM ke kama apitu ve adhikAMzata: hamAre hI ghora antarvigraha se uThe hue hote haiN| yaha hama jAna cuke haiM ki pratyeka vyakti ke mana-mAnasa meM pratikSaNa devAsura saMgrAma calatA rahatA hai-kabhI dAnava hAvI hotA hai to kabhI devatva kI divyAtmA kI jhalaka bhI dikhAI detI hai| aisA hI mAnavatA kA UMcA - nIcA bahAva calatA rahatA hai| hara ghar3I chir3e isa devAsura saMgrAma ke kAraNa viSamatA evaM vyagratA kA anubhava hotA rahatA hai| isa yuddha sthiti ke tatkAlIna pariNAma bhI vyakti ke vicAra evaM AcAra meM abhivyakta hote rahate haiM / isa dazA meM caraNagati tabhI sthiratA pakar3atI hai jaba vaha caraNa vidhi se saMskArita ho / ye saMskAra kyA haiM? saMskAroM kA caraNa vidhi meM kyA mahattva hai tathA caritra gaThana meM saMskAroM kI kyA bhUmikA hotI hai? ina praznoM ke uttara dene se pahale isa para vicAra karanA cAhie ki saMskAroM ke srota kahAM-kahAM ho sakate haiM? prANI jaba janma letA hai, jinakI jar3eM gaharI hotI hai| mAtA-pitA ke guNa unakI santati meM Ate haiM-yahAM taka ki zakla-sUrata taka para mAtA-pitA kI chApa hotI hai / usI taraha usake mAtA-pitA bhI AnuvAMzika prabhAvoM se prabhAvita hote haiN| isa prakAra Aja janma lene vAlA prANI AnuvAMzika zrRMkhalA ke mAdhyama se pUre samAja, usake itihAsa tathA bhAgya ke sAtha jur3A huA hotA hai| ataH yadi aisA na hotA to jaivika vijJAna, nRtatva zAstra Adi kA astitva hI nahIM hotA / phira pUrvajanma saMskAra bhI AtmA ke sAtha jur3e hote haiM aura unakA prabhAva bhI isa janma meM dikhAI detA hai| : cetanA kA AraMbha janma pAne vAle jIva se mAnanA vaijJAnika dRSTi se ucita nahIM hai| AraMbha janma vyaktimattA kA hai, guNavattA kA nahIM, kyoMki saMskAroM meM ina sabhI srotoM meM mile hue guNa vyakti ke isa jIvana meM spaSTataH prabhAvapUrNa hote haiN| ye sabhI guNa saMskAra rUpa hI hote haiM tathA nirantara saMzodhita hote rahane ke kAraNa hI ina guNoM ko saMskAra kA nAma diyA gayA hai| vyaktigata rUpa se ho athavA sAmUhika rUpa se saMskAra kAla evaM vyavahAra ke pravAha meM nirantara navInatA pAte rahate haiM, kintu isa navInatA ke saMbaMdha meM aise prayAsoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai ki yaha navInatA vyakti evaM samUha ke hita meM ho-aisI na ho ki vaha kisI bhI rUpa meM kisI kA ahita kare / hita vRtti vAle saMskAra susaMskAra tathA ahita vRtti vAle saMskAra kusaMskAra kahalAte haiM / caritra kA gaThana ho aura usake AdhAra para vyaktitva kA nirmANa- isameM saMskAroM tathA unake su tathA ku rUpoM kI mahatI bhUmikA hotI hai| saMskAra vaha AdhArabhUmi hai jisa para khar3A hokara prANI apane jIvana kA nirmANa karatA hai| AdhArabhUmi jitanI puSTa hogI, caritra utanA hI sugaThita hogA evaM vyaktitva bhI utanA hI prabhAvapUrNa bnegaa| isI dRSTikoNa kI pRSThabhUmi meM saMskAra zuddhi ke aneka staroM para vividha 95

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sucaritram prayAsa kiye jAte haiN| saMskAra zuddhi ke AdhAra para hI vikAsazIla vyaktitva sAmane Ate haiM to sucAru sabhyatA evaM preraka saMskRti kA prasAra hotA hai| Aja naye mAnava kA sRjana apekSita hai jo hogA caritra ke nirmANa se : vartamAna meM mAnava kA vyaktigata evaM sAmAjika dRSTi se jo rUpa-svarUpa banA hai, vaha mAnavatA ke stara para vAMchanIya nahIM hai| kAla pravAha meM Aja ke mAnava ke mana mAnasa para dharma darzana evaM anya pragatizIla vicAradhArAoM ke zreSTha siddhAntoM kI kriyA kama tathA pratikriyA adhika dikhAI de rahI hai| vaha svabhAva meM ramaNa karane kI apekSA vibhAva ke aMdhakAra meM adhika bhaTaka rahA hai| una mAnavIya mUlyoM kA usake jIvana meM adhika prabhAva nahIM bacA hai jo use mAnava kA saccA svarUpa pradAna kara ske| Azaya yaha ki Aja naye mAnava kA sRjana apekSita hai| naye mAnava ke sRjana kA artha yahI ki naye mAnavIya mUlyoM kI pratiSThA ho tathA vyakti evaM samAja kI zaktiyA~ saMyukta hokara unake kAryAnvayana ko saphala bnaaveN| naye mAnava kA sRjana-yaha koI sAmAnya kArya nahIM hai| isake liye bhagIratha prayatna kI apekSA rhegii| isa prayatna kI dizA hogI caritranirmANa kI dishaa| vyakti kA nijI evaM sAmAjika caritra isa taraha gar3hA jAye ki usake susaMskAra pratiphalita hoM tathA vaha apane naye mAnavIya svarUpa ke sAtha samAja evaM vizva ko naye dharAtala para prasthApita kre| yoM yaha kArya utanA kaThina nahIM, jitanA ki karane ke pahale pratIta hotA hai| mAnavIya prayatna ke sAtha prakRti kA pUrA sahayoga isameM prApta hotA hai| prAkRtika niyama yaha hai ki mAnava jIvana sadA ke liye suSupta athavA niSkriya kadApi nahIM rahatA hai| vyakti, parivAra, samAja, rASTra yA vizva meM bhI utthAna-patana kI eka sAIkila calatI hai yAnI ki samaya badalatA rahatA hai| kala, Aja aura kala arthAt tInoM kAla parivartana kI sUcanA karate hI haiN| patana ke bAda utthAna kA krama hotA hai aura Aja ke mAnava kI patanAvasthA ke bAda usake utthAna kI dizA meM prayANa avazyaMbhAvI hai| isa avazyaMbhAvI ko hama apane prayatnoM se samIpa se samIpatara lA sakate haiM tathA aisA karane kA kama se kama prabaddha janoM kA parama karttavya hai| isa parama karttavya kA nirvAha kiyA jA sakatA hai caritranirmANa kA eka satata evaM sakriya abhiyAna calA kara aura use vyApaka stara para phailA kr| caritranirmANa hI vaha kuMjI hai jisase vikAsa ke sabhI lakSyoM kI dizA meM gatizIlatA utpanna hotI hai, agrasara banatI hai| caritravAna sadasyoM kA koI bhI saMgaThana unnati ke zikhara taka avazyameva phuNcegaa| kAraNa, caritrazIlatA vyakti ko udAra, sadRzya, sahayogI evaM sadAcArI banAtI hai| jahAM caritrazIlatA hai, vahAM aisI koI sampadA nahIM jo usake caraNoM meM samarpita na ho| dharma ke kSetra meM to caritrazIlatA kA maulika evaM mukhya rUpa se mahattva hai| caritranirmANa kI sudRr3ha bhUmikA para hI dharma kI saccI ArAdhanA saMbhava banatI hai| cAritrika niSThA se jisa UrjA kA prasphuTana hotA hai, vahI vyakti ko dharma evaM samAja ke utthAna hetu kriyAzIla banAtI hai| eka ukti hai-dharmo rakSati rkssitH| dharma rakSA karatA hai, kintu kaba? yaha tabhI saMbhava hai, jaba pahale dharma arthAt dharma bhAvanA 96

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caraNa camatkAra se ho sakatA hai kaisA bhI jIvana mahimA maMDita ko surakSita banAI jAe aura dharma kI surakSA kI gAraMTI hotA hai caritra / caritra rakSita hai to dharma rakSita hai aura dharmarakSita hai to vaha saba prANiyoM kI rakSA karane meM samartha hai| dharma ko dhAraNa karane se kalyANa hotA hai, magara dharma kA mAtra kathana hI kiyA jAtA rahe to vaha kalyANa kA kAraNa nahIM bana sakatA hai| dharma ko dhAraNa karane kA artha hai use jIvana ke AcaraNa meM utAranA / yaha AcaraNa kI vidhi hai usI kA nAma caraNa vidhi hai / caraNa arthAt AcaraNa aura AcaraNa se caraNa gatizIla hote haiM tathA uccatama vikAsa sAdha kara ve caraNa hI bhagavat caraNa meM rUpAyita ho jAte haiM-sevA se sevya ke lakSya taka / dharma tAnA hai to caritra bAnA aura isI tAne-bAne se banA vastra hI sArthaka jIvana kA zrRMgAra banatA hai| dharma jIvana meM nahIM hai to isakA sApha matalaba hai ki jIvana meM caritra nahIM hai / eka caritrahIna kabhI-bhI dhArmika puruSa nahIM ho sakatA hai| dharma yA karttavya tathA caritra kI ekajuTatA Avazyaka hai / caritra sampannatA ke patha para puruSArtha catuSTya kA yogadAna : pauruSa se puruSa zabda banA hai| pauruSa kA artha hotA hai parAkrama yA sAhasa / kisI bhI prayojana ko prApta karane athavA sAdhya ko siddha karane ke liye parAkrama yA sAhasa kI AvazyakatA hotI hai ki prayojana yA sAdhya ko prApta karane taka kisI prakAra kI vicalitatA athavA zithilatA nahIM vyApe / aise pauruSa kA dhanI hI sacce artha meM puruSa kahalAtA hai| puruSa se hI puruSArtha zabda kI utpatti hai| jo puruSa ke liye ho, usake pauruSa ke prayoga ke lie ho athavA jIvana kI saphalatA ke liye ho, vaha puruSArtha hai / puruSArtha kA dUsarA nAma zrama bhI hai - puruSa ho, ataH puruSArtha karo / bhAratIya saMskRti meM yaha puruSArtha cAra prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai| cAra ke krama meM pahalA hai dharma kA puruSArtha aura antima hai mokSa kA puruSArtha / bIca meM rakhe gaye haiM artha aura kAma ke puruSArtha / ina cAroM puruSArthoM kA marma samajheM aura yaha jAne ki vyakti kI caritra saMpannatA meM ina puruSArthoM kA kyA yogadAna hai ? dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa kisa prakAra vyakti ke tathA sAmudAyika jIvana meM caritra kA nirmANa karake jIvana ko samasta vikAroM se mukti dilAte haiM? jIvana kA yahI to lakSya hai ki vaha sabhI prakAra ke vikAroM tathA baMdhanoM se chuTakArA prApta kara le aura samagra samAja va saMsAra kA dharAtala aisA samatala bana jAya ki phira kabhI vikAroM kI AMdhiyAM na cala sake aura baMdhanoM kI ber3iyAM pAMvoM meM na pdd'e| sabako aisA mokSa mile aura jo AdhyAtmika dRSTi se mokSa kA svarUpa varNita kiyA gayA hai, isa mokSa se usa mokSa kI ora bhI gati sahaja bane / dharma kise kaheM? zAstrIya vyAkhyAoM se kucha alaga haTa kara saralArtha meM kaheM to dharma kucha aisA honA cAhiye jahAM se hamAre hRdaya ko evaM hamArI bhAvanAoM ko poSaNa mile| dharma Aja bhale hI saMgaThita matavAda aura pUMjIvAda kA nAma bana gayA ho kintu hRdaya ko prabhAvita karane vAlA dharma sadA upayogI rahA hai aura rhegaa| sAmAnya rUpa se vyakti yA padArtha ke sAtha samajha kA mela biThA kara vyavahAra calA liyA jAtA hai, kintu bhItara meM eka bhAvanAtmaka bhUkha banI rahatI hai jo bAhara ke vyavahAra se bhinna hotI hai| dharma isI tala kI abhivyakti hai / yaha nizcita mAnie ki vartamAna bhautika unnati se jaba Aja kA vyakti aura samAja aghA jAyegA taba vaha aise dharma kI saMbhAvanAoM 97

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sucaritram kI ora hI mudd'egaa| jaba bhAvanAoM ke sira para korA vicAra baiTha jAtA hai taba saMskAritA kSarita hotI hai, sabhyatA khokhalI ho jAtI hai tathA saMskRti ke tattva bhI naSTa-bhraSTa hone lagate haiM, kyoMki ina sabakA AdhAra caritra patita ho jAtA hai| caritra kA patana hI dharma kA patana bana jAtA hai| ataH bhAvanAyukta dharma ko phalIbhUta karanA hai to caritra kA nava-nirmANa karanA hogaa| mAnavIya mUlyoM ko artha aura vigraha ke daladala se bAhara nikAla kara mAnava dharma kI punarpratiSThA karanI hogI aura vAstava meM Aja aise lakSaNa prakaTa hone lage haiM jinase yaha anumAna puSTa hotA hai ki sacce dharma kI saMbhAvanAoM ke khulane aura khilane kA samaya aba jyAdA dUra nahIM hai| jahAM dharma ke prati kevala vizvAsa kA prazna hai to vaha antima Azraya hai, parantu use buddhi kA pUraka bhI honA caahie| dharma ke sadbhAva meM kevala aMkagaNanA se hI vyavahAra nahIM calegA, balki lokabhAvanA kI bhI pratIti hogii| ___ artha aura kAma kA krama dharma ke pazcAt rakhA gayA hai| lokabhAvanA se anuraMjita hokara dharma itanA prabhAvazAlI bana jAegA ki artha (sattA-sampatti) svayaM apane vikAsa meM svArtha bhAva se itanA UMcA uTha jAegA ki paramArtha kI dhAraNA kevala dhArmika Adarza na rahakara sAMsArika vyavahAra kI saMjJA bana jaayegii| artha ke liye kiye jAne vAle prayatna kA janma kAma yA kAmanA ke garbha se hotA hai| prayatna kA mUla kAma hai aura artha usakA phala hai| apane cAroM ora saba jagaha artha ke mUla meM kAma ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| isIliye artha kI ulajhanoM ko kATane ke liye niSkAmatA kA abhyAsa sujhAyA gayA hai| kAmanA kA lobha kabhI rukatA nahIM hai aura isa kAraNa sabhI kAmanAoM kI pUrti bhI asaMbhava hai| ataH niSkAma honA artha ko niSprabhAvI karanA hai| artha kAma para TikA hai, svaMtatra nahIM hai ata: kAma ko vyavasthita kara liyA to artha apane Apa vyavasthita ho jaaegaa| phira dharma ke prabhAva se sadaiva saMtulana banA raha skegaa| mokSa maMjila hai, yAtrA nahIM aura yadi yAtrA saphala ho jAtI hai to maMjila phira dUra kahAM rahatI hai? yAtrA kI saphalatA TikI hai pahale ke tInoM puruSArthoM pr| dharma, mUlabhAva aura mUla dRSTi hai, vahIM artha aura kAma ko ina do taToM kI ora jIvana ko vistAra dene vAle bhAva-rUpa banAyA jA sakatA hai| vahI dRSTi phira donoM kI pArasparika apekSA meM vyavasthA detI huI mokSa meM samAhita ho jAe to mAna lenA cAhie ki puruSArtha catuSTya kA iSTa paripUrNa ho gayA hai| isa paripUrNatA kI uccatama zreSThatA kA nAma hI caritra saMpannatA hai| caraNa gati aura caraNa zakti samAja tathA saMsAra meM navaprANa phUMkegI : __zizu ke durbala caraNa sabala hone lagate haiM jaba ve gati karane lagate haiN| gati jitanI sadhI huI aura teja hotI hai, caraNa zakti utanI hI bar3hatI jAtI hai| 'calo aura calate raho' kI preraNA saba ora naye utsAha ko janma detI hai| jo gatimAna hai vaha zlAghya hai aura tejI ke Aja ke yuga meM to gati ke grApha meM jo uchAla AyA hai usakI to pahale kalpanA taka nahIM huI thii| vAmanAvatAra kI taraha Aja sUcanA takanIka yA tIvra vAhana vega se dharatI ko tIna paga meM nAma sakate haiN| ina bAharI caraNoM kI tulanA meM adhika bhItarI caraNa, AcaraNa aura caritra kI adhika gati-zakti bana jAe to nizcaya hI eka aise naye samAja aura saMsAra kI racanA ho sakatI hai| jahAM mAnava apanI svastha mAnavatA se bhI Upara

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caraNa camatkAra se ho sakatA hai kaisA bhI jIvana mahimA maMDita uThakara devatva kI dizA meM agrasara hote rahane kI abhilASA rkhegaa| vastusthiti yaha hai ki bar3hatI huI caraNa gati evaM ubharatI huI caraNa zakti samAja evaM saMsAra meM avazya hI naye prANa phUMkegI / / sabhI dekhate haiM ki jaba samAja evaM saMsAra meM cAroM ora zithilatA tathA niSkriyatA dikhAI detI hai to mahasUsa hotA hai jaise manuSya jAti bhI niSprANa ho gaI ho| aisI caritrazIlatA ke zaMkha jaba gUMjate haiM, caraNoM kI dhamaka jaba phailatI hai aura AcaraNa se jIvana jaba ota-prota hote haiM to pUre samAja evaM saMsAra meM bhI naye prANoM kA jaise saba ora saMcAra hone lagatA hai| caritra nirmANa ke prabhAva ko prasArita hone se taba rokA nahIM jA sakatA hai| caraNa gati evaM caraNa zakti kA srota vyakti se hI phUTegA kintu vaha pravAhita hogaa| samAja tathA saMsAra ke vizAla prAMgaNa meN| vaha pravAha jitane adhika vega vAlA hogA, utane hI dUrastha kSetroM taka bhI vaha phailegA evaM vahAM ke logoM ko prabhAvita kregaa| mahApuruSoM ke amita prabhAva vistAra kA yahI rahasya hai| unakA jIvana itanA tejasvI, unakI vANI itanI ojasvI tathA unakI sAdhanA itanI yazasvI hotI hai ki unakA prabhAva kAlajayI bana jAtA hai| yaha caritra kI utkRSTa sthiti hotI hai / caritrazIlatA kI prAbhAvikatA apAra hI nahIM, anupama bhI hotI hai| caritra kI utkRSTatA kI kasauTI hai paramArtha, parahita evaM loka-kalyANa : caritra kA jaba hrAsa hotA hai athavA caraNa gati evaM caraNa zakti kA jaba viparIta dizA meM bhaTakAva hotA hai taba svArtha bhar3akatA hai, ahaMkAra phuphakAratA hai aura anya aneka vikAra ubalate va uphanate haiN| svArtha bar3hate-bar3hate daityAkAra ho jAtA hai aura ahaMkAra kisI ko nahIM dekhatA, kisI kI nahIM sunatA / caritrahInatA kI dazA meM vikAra kyA phailate haiM ki usakA sArA jIvana hiMsApUrNa bana jAtA hai, balki vahAM se hiMsA kI jo lapaTeM uThatI haiM ve samAja ko bhI jalAne lagatI hai| svArtha apanA dAyarA bar3hAtA huA zoSaNa para utaratA hai| zoSaNa kA matalaba hai dUsaroM ke zrama ko lUTanA, unake hitoM ko kucalanA / zoSaNa ke liye zuddha zabda hiMsA hI hai| zoSaNa kI rAha meM jaba dhAeM AtI hai to svArtha damana para utaratA hai| yahI svArtha varga sattA evaM sampatti ke bala ke mAdhyama se bahusaMkhyaka, durbala tathA asahAya logoM para zoSaNa tathA damana kI krUra hiMsA DhAte haiN| ve zastroM se prANiyoM kA pratyakSa vadha bhale na karate hoM, kintu ina ke hitoM para ghAtaka AghAta karate hue unake prANoM ko kSata-vikSata kara dete haiN| ahaMkAra kA nAga bhI kama nahIM hotA hai| kisI bhI prakAra kI bhautika zakti jaba kisI ko prApta ho jAtI hai aura vaha usa zakti ko apane Atma bala se pacA nahIM pAtA hai to usake mana meM mada paidA ho jAtA hai| yahI mada ahaMkAra, abhimAna yA ghamaMr3a meM phUTatA hai| taba vaha vyakti apane Apako vaisA samajhanA zuru kara detA hai jaisA vaha vAstava meM hotA nahIM hai aura jaisA vaha vAstava meM hotA hai, vaisA samajhane kI usakI samajha nahIM bacatI hai| ahaMkAra kI bhrAnti usakI dRSTi hara letI hai| aMdhepana aura pAgalapana meM kitanA anartha ho sakatA hai, usakA koI hisAba nahIM / svArtha aura ahaMkAra se upaje anyAnya vikAroM kI ginatI karanA bhI kaThina hai| to aisA hotA hai caritrahInatA kA duSpariNAma / 99

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sucaritram isa kAraNa caritra sampannatA kI kasauTI bhI kaThora hotI hai| caritra vikAsa ke AraMbhika daura kI yaha phalazrati mAnI jAe ki vyakti svArtha, ahaMkAra Adi vikAroM kI jaTilatAoM se pratyAgamana kare-pIche haTe aura itanA pIche haTe ki usakA koI bhI vyavahAra parapIr3aka na ho| dUsare daura meM vaha apane svArthoM ko sImita va maryAdita banA de tathA sAtha hI paramArtha kI ora gati bddh'aave| antataH vyakti ke svArtha vilIna hote jAe tathA parahita kA AkAra vRhattara banatA jaae| isa antima daura meM caritra kI utkRSTatA isa rUpa meM nikhara uThe ki Atma-kalyANa evaM loka-kalyANa ke kSetra ekIbhUta bana jAya jaise ki sabhI prANiyoM ke hita ekarUpatA meM Dhala gaye hoN| jo eka ko jAnatA hai vaha sabako jAna letA hai tathA jo sabako jAnatA hai, vaha eka ko to jAnatA hI hai| (je egaM jANai, se savvaM jaanni| je savvaM jANai, se egaM jANai-AcArAMga sUtra 1-3-4) / caritra vikAsa kI utkRSTa zreNiyoM meM vyakti sva-para bheda ko kSINa karatA jAtA hai evaM ekAtmakatA kI anubhUti lene lagatA hai| taba jIvana meM paramArtha pramukha bana jAtA hai evaM lokahita ke mArga para kaisA bhI tyAga usake liye bar3A nahIM hotA hai| saMyama evaM tyAga kI aTala sAdhanA usake caritra ko utkRSTatA kI divyAtmA se anuraMjita banA detI hai| caraNa gati hI vyavasthA ko paramArtha se tathA krAnti ko Adarza se jor3egI: Aja pragatigAmI kSetroM se krAMti kI AvAja gUMjatI hai aura mAMga kI jAtI hai ki vartamAna vyavasthA meM AmUlacUla parivartana honA caahie| parivartana kA nAma krAnti hai aura vaha parivartana honA cAhie vyApaka janahita kI bhAvanA evaM yojanA se prerita hokara! krAnti ko jo hiMsA para AdhArita mAnI gaI thii| vaha bhrama aba miTa cukA hai| tor3a-phor3a yA khUnakharAbA krAMti ke lakSaNa nhiiN| mAnava sabhyatA evaM saMskRti ke jo mUlya kAla pravAha athavA AcaraNa zithilatA se vikRta ho jAte haiN| unakA zuddhikaraNa karake unheM phira se pratiSThita karane ke upakrama ko hI vAstava meM krAMti kahA jAnA caahiye| aisA parivartana aura aisI krAnti Aja Avazyaka mAnI jA rahI hai| koI bhI vyavasthA-cAhe vaha grAmastarIya saMgaThana kI ho athavA rASTrIya yA antarrASTrIya saMgaThana kI yA cAhe pArivArika saMgaThana kI hI kyoM na ho-vaha tabhI vikRta banatI hai jaba usameM paramArtha kA tattva kSarita hone lagatA hai tathA svArtha vRtti kA ghuna laga jAtA hai| isI prakAra aba taka vibhinna dezoM meM huI krAMtiyoM ke svarUpa se yaha bhrAmaka mAnasikatA bana gaI hai ki hiMsA ke bala para Tike zoSaNa va damana ke nihita svArthiyoM kA anta bhI hiMsA kA sahArA liye binA nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha bAta nahIM rahI ki ina krAntiyoM ke koI Adarza nahIM the| sAdhya spaSTa thA kintu sAdhana ke bAre meM hI vivAda rhe| isa yuga meM mahAtmA gAMdhI ne bhAratIya svataMtratA Andolana ke saMdarbha meM kahA ki sAdhya kI zuddhatA ke sAtha sAdhana kI zuddhatA bhI anivArya mAnI jAnI caahie| isa dRSTikoNa se unhoMne svataMtratA Andolana ko satyAgraha, avajJA Adi ke ahiMsAtmaka prayogoM para AdhArita kiyA aura saphalatA bhI prApta kii| ___ to Aja samasyA yaha hai ki hama vyavasthA to badaleM kintu use paramArtha para AdhArita bnaave| isI prakAra krAnti ko isake sabhI caraNoM meM Adarza se jor3e hue rkhe| isa samasyA ke sahI samAdhAna ke 100

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caraNa camatkAra se ho sakatA hai kaisA bhI jIvana mahimA-maMDita skgaa| liye caraNa gati arthAt caritra gaThana isa rUpa meM DhAlanA hogA ki vyaktigata evaM sAmAjika jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM hiMsA se lar3A jAe aura samagra mAnava-saMbaMdhoM ko ahiMsA para pratiSThita kiyA jaae| yaha saMgharSa pratyeka vRtti tathA pravRtti meM nirantara calatA rhe| aise saMgharSa ke daurAna hI yaha anubhava hogA ki samAja aura rAjya kI vyavasthA meM zoSaNa ko samApta karane kA jo abhiyAna hai, vaha nirA Arthika aura rAjanItika kAryakrama nahIM hai, apitu usake aMga rUpa meM brahmacarya evaM aparigraha ke siddhAnta bhI anivArya hote haiN| zoSaNa samApti kA abhiprAya hai vargahInatA ke viSaya meM jo bhrAmaka mAnyatA hai ki usameM vyaktitva kA vikAsa saMbhava nahIM rahatA use dUra kara denI caahie| yathArtha to yaha hai ki vargahIna vyavasthA meM apanI-apanI vilakSaNatA ke kAraNa vyaktitvoM ke khilane nikharane ke vizeSa avasara prApta hoNge| taba hiMsA bala aura usake sAdhana utanI hI mAtrA meM baceMge jitanI mAtrA meM ahiMsaka zakti kA abhAva rhegaa| vargahIna samAja vaha samAja hogA jo prema kI zakti para calegA aura kisI ko yaha mAnane kI sthiti nahIM rahegI ki vaha zoSaka hai athavA zoSita hai| apane Apako saba eka dUsare ke pUraka anubhava kareMge aura usa bhAvanA ke sAtha paraspara kI pUrNatA meM sahAyaka bneNge| vargahInatA ke liye vargoM ko miTAnA nahIM hai, balki saMbaMdhoM meM vaisI sahayogitA tathA svasthatA ko praveza dilAnA hai ki jisameM varga cetanA hI anAvazyaka ho jaae| vargahInatA kI aisI mAnasikatA se hI utpanna hogI vyavasthA kI prmaarthtaa| taba sabakA saMyukta artha hI parama artha bana jaaegaa| yahI nahIM, paramArtha tattva sthAyI rUpa se vyavasthA ke sAtha ghula-mila jaaegaa| sarvatra vyavasthA kA AdhAra paramArtha hogA aura koI bhI vyaktigata svArtha use prabhAvita athavA vikata nahIM banA skegaa| caraNa gati ke aise vikAsa krama meM krAnti kI dizA aura dazA kabhI-bhI bhaTakegI nhiiN| jisa Adarza ko lakSya banA kara krAnti kI jAegI, vaha usa Adarza ke sAtha jur3I huI rhegii| krAntiyoM ke mUla meM AdarzavAda kI jo marIcikA dikhAI gaI thI, vaha isI kAraNa vAstavikatA nahIM pakar3a sakI ki usa Adarza ko anta:karaNa kI svIkRti nahIM milI thii| sAmyavAdI krAnti rahI ho yA samAjavAdI krAnti usameM vyakti ke astitva ko gauNa mAna liyA gyaa| ataH antaHkaraNa kI svIkRti ojhala hI rahI, pariNAmasvarUpa ve krAntiyAM kAla ke gAla meM akAla meM hI samA gii| krAnti ke sAtha Adarza saMyukta rahe, isake liye vyaktigata caritra kI mahattA sthApita karanI hogii| vicAradhArAeM TikatI hai aura haTatI hai lekina manuSya hamezA TikatA hai| vAda naye purAne banate haiM, manuSya sanAtana rahatA hai| saca yaha hai ki manuSya kasauTI hai aura saba vAda usa para kase, parakheM aura asaphala hone para phaiMke jaayeNge| manuSya ko sampUrNa pragati ke kendra meM lenA anivArya hai aura manuSya ko kendra meM lene kA sIdhA artha hai ki usake caritra nirmANa ko sarvAdhika mahattva denaa| caraNa camatkAra se hI badalegI dRSTi aura naI dikhAI degI sRSTi : sRSTi to yathAvat hai, kintu dRSTA apanI banatI, bigar3atI, badalatI dRSTi ke kAraNa usI sRSTi ko vividha AkAroM, prakAroM, rUpoM aura raMgoM meM dekhatA haiM aura tadanusAra sRSTi kA svarUpa nirdhArita karane kI ceSTA karatA hai| yoM sRSTi jo badalatI huI dikhAI detI hai vaha vyaSTi ke kAraNa hii| vyakti kA jo rUpa-svarUpa hotA hai, vahI sRSTi ke svarUpa meM pratibimbita hotA hai| dRSTA kA rUpa-svarUpa, 101

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sucaritram 102 usakI dRSTi kA rUpa - svarUpa aura usakI kRti kA rUpa - svarUpa yahI saba milakara to sRSTi kA rUpa-svarUpa banAtA hai aura use badalane kI bAta bhI to dRSTA hI karatA hai apanI dRSTi meM naye rUpasvarUpa kI kalpanA karake / abhiprAya yaha huA ki sRSTi aura dRSTi kA abhinna saMbaMdha hai tathA sRSTi ko badalane kI bAta dRSTi ko badalane ke sAtha jur3I huI hai| T Aja kI dRSTi Aja kI sRSTi ke pariveza ko kisa rUpa - svarUpa meM dekha rahI hai? vaha isa prakAra hai - saba ora hiMsA kA khUna chitarA huA hai, AkrAmaka svArthavAditA kA tailIya kITa car3hA huA hai, bhraSTAcAra kA kIcar3a lipaTA hai, krUratA ke tejAbI chITeM par3e haiM, sattAlipsA kA viSTA sanA hai aura anya asaMkhya burAiyoM ke dAga lage haiN| pariveza jaba aisA kAlimAmaya hai to bhalAI kA nAma aura kAma muzkila se hI milegaa| yahAM vicAraNIya bindu yaha paidA hotA hai ki sRSTi ke aise pariveza ko kyA sahana karate cale jAnA cAhie? koI bhI kahegA ki nahIM sahanA cAhie / taba yaha socanA hogA ki sRSTi ke pariveza kI aisI durdazA kisane kI hai? jisane yA jinhoMne bhI kI kyoM kI, kaise kI aura kina chichale svArthoM ke lie kI tathA aba bhI kyoM karate cale jA rahe haiM - yaha jAnanA bhI jarUrI hai| unakI pahacAna pahale kI jAnI cAhie kyoMki isake binA na to durdazA karane vAloM ko badalA jA sakatA hai| 'kauna' kA artha to sApha hai, manuSya ke sivAya anya kauna ? kintu dekhanA yaha hai ki manuSyoM kA kaunasA varga kina vyaktigata yA samUhagata lipsAoM meM samAja va sRSTi para yaha anyAya DhAye jA rahA hai? vaha kyoM sarvahitaiSI vicAra tathA sarvasukhadAyI AcAra se bhraSTa huA hai? kyA vicAra aura AcAra kI camaka hI to maMda nahIM ho rahI hai? kyA vyakti kA caritra hI patanonmukha nahIM ho gayA hai? isaliye manuSya ke svabhAva, vicAra tathA AcAra kI vikRti para socanA Avazyaka hai| manuSya apane mUla svabhAva se sarala aura sadAzayI hotA hai kintu vAtAvaraNa kI vikRtiyAM usa para apanI kAlI chAyA DAlatI rahatI hai aura use kalaMkita banAtI rahatI hai| kaI bAra usakI dRSTi bhI isa kAlimA se kAlI ho jAtI hai aura usI dRSTi se apanI kAlimA ko dekhane kI apekSA sRSTi ko kAlimAmaya dekhane laga jAtI hai| sRSTi kI prakRti kabhI kAlI nahIM hotI hai, kAlI hotI hai dRSTi, ataH dRSTi ko badalane kI bAta prAthamika hai| yaha dRSTi badalegI caritra nirmANa se, kyoMki caritra dRSTi ke kAlepana ko haTAkara use ujjavalatA pradAna karegA / dRSTA svayaM kA rUpa - svarUpa badalegA to usakI dRSTi kA rUpa-svarUpa bhI badalegA aura usake sAtha hI use sRSTi naye rUpa-svarUpa meM dikhAI dene lgegii| Aja apekSA hai caraNa camatkAra kI yAnI caritra nirmANa ke abhiyAna meM abhUtapUrva tejI lAne kI / yaha tejI dRSTi ko sahI DhaMga se badalane meM rAmabANa kA kAma kregii| dRSTi badalegI, sRSTi badalegI tathA sRSTi dRSTimaya evaM dRSTi sRSTimaya ho jaayegii| kitanA hI nikRSTa bhI kyoM na ho, vaha jIvana mahimA maMr3ita hogA caraNa camatkAra se : pratidina sAta hatyAeM karane vAlA ghora pApI arjuna mAlI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI caraNa sevA meM pahuMcA to usakA uddhAra ho gyaa| aneka vadha karake unakI aMguliyoM kI mAlA pahinane vAlA

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caraNa camatkAra se ho sakatA hai kaisA bhI jIvana mahimA-maMDita aMgulimAla DAkU bhI mahAtmA buddha se caritropadeza pAkara mahAtmA bana gyaa| rAmAyaNa ke racayitA RSi bAlmikI bhI pahale eka nRzaMsa DAkU hI the| caraNa-camatkAra jaba hotA hai to kitanA hI nikRSTa jIvana kyoM na ho, vaha mahimA maMr3ita hokara saMsAra ke liye pUjanIya bana jAtA hai| ___ caraNa camatkAra kA pradhAna kAraka hotA hai bhAva! yaha bhAva jaba hIna aura malina hokara durbhAva kA rUpa letA hai taba caraNa pichar3ate haiM, caritra kA patana hotA hai tathA manuSyatva pazutva evaM rAkSasatva kI ora lur3hakatA hai| yahI bhAva jaba sarala, udAra aura sadAzayI banakara sadbhAva kA sadrUpa dhAraNa karatA hai taba caritra gaThana evaM vikAsa. zreSTha hotA haA caraNa-camatkAra ke rUpa meM dazyamAna hotA hai| bhAvoM kI utkRSTatA athavA nikRSTatA se hI caritra kA utthAna aura patana hotA hai| ___ zreNika rAjA eka bAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke darzanArtha unakI sevA meM phuNce| mArga meM unhoMne eka santa ko dhyAnastha dekhA thA tathA unakI saumya mudrA se rAjA atyanta prabhAvita hue the, ataH unhoMne bhagavAna se prazna kiyA-'prabho! maiMne mArga meM eka dhyAnastha muni ke darzana kiye the, yadi ve isa samaya kAlagrasta ho jAeM to kisa gati ko prApta kareMge?' mahAvIra kucha dera zAnta rahe, phira bole-'rAjan! tumane unake darzana kiye usake aura yaha prazna pUchane taka ke samaya ke bIca bhArI antara A gayA hai| ve prasannacandra rAjarSi muni haiM aura isa samaya yadi ve maraNa ko prApta hoM to nikRSTatama gati sAtavIM naraka meM jaaveN| rAjA Azcaryacakita, itane prabhAvazAlI muni aura aisI gati? rAjA kucha bhI samajha nahIM paae| taba bhagavAn ne hI samajhAyA-rAjan ! jaba tumane unake darzana kiye taba ve saumya bhAvoM meM ramaNa kara rahe the aura unakA mukhamaMDala vaisI hI AbhA se dedIpyamAna thaa| kintu usake turanta bAda unake rAjya ke do sevaka sumukha aura durmukha usa mArga se gujare tathA apane pUrva rAjA ko muniveza meM dhyAnastha dekhakara jorajora se kahane lage-are, hamAre ye rAjA to yahAM khar3e haiM aura udhara inake rAjya para par3osI rAjA ne AkramaNa kara diyA hai tathA rAjakumAra gaMbhIra saMkaTa meM phaMsa gaye haiN| ve to yaha kaha kara cale gaye, kintu rAjarSi muni apane vartamAna ko bhUla kara bhAvoM hI bhAvoM meM atIta meM cale gye| zarIra vahI yathAvat khar3A thA kintu rAjA talavAra bhAMjane lage, zatruoM kA pIchA karane lage aura zaurya ke sAtha naramuMr3oM ke pahAr3a khar3e karane lge| apane bhAvoM kI nikRSTatama dazA meM abhI ve gote lagA rahe haiN| ___ mahAvIra kA bhAva-vizleSaNa samajha kara rAjA zreNika ne thor3I-thor3I dera se eka hI prazna bArabAra pUchanA zuru kiyA ki isa samaya yadi muni prasannacandra maraNa dharma ko pAveM to punarjanma meM kaunasI gati prApta kreN| bhagavAn bhI uttara dete gaye-narakoM se devaloka, grevaiyaka Adi svarga bhUmiyoM tk| tabhI AkAza meM deva-dundubhiyAM bajane lagI aura puSpa varSA prAraMbha huii| zreNika ko isase antima uttara mila gayA ki muni prasannacandra ko kevala jJAna prApta ho gayA hai tathA aba ve mokSagAmI ho gaye haiN| ___yaha bhAvoM ke hI nikRSTa tathA utkRSTa zreNiyoM kA pariNAma hai ki paloM meM naraka se svarga aura mokSa kI gati bana gii| caraNa camatkAra bhAvoM ke hI aise utthAna se pratiphalita hotA hai jise jAnasamajha kara sabhI Azcarya se cakita raha jAte haiN| Atma-svarUpa kI nikaSTatA athavA utkaSTatA sthAyI nahIM hotI. bhAva pravAha ke sAtha vaha parivartita hotI rahatI hai| yaha bhAva pravAha para nirbhara hotA 103

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sucaritram hai ki parivartana tvarita gati se hotA hai athavA maMthara gati se athavA ucca zreNiyoM se nimna zreNiyoM meM hotA hai yA nimna zreNiyoM se ucca evaM uccatara zreNiyoM meN| yaha sAdhaka ke Atma-niyaMtraNa kA prazna hai ki vaha bhAvoM ke zubha pravAha ko yAnI ki apanI caritrazIlatA ko nyUnatama samaya meM saphala banAkara caraNa camatkAra ko sAkAra kara de| tabhI to bhavya caraNa kahate haiM-calo, majabUtI se calo aura calate raho : ___ tabhI to bhAvuka ke, prabuddha ke, santa ke, sAdhaka ke bhavya-caraNa kahate haiM-calo, nirantara calo, majabUtI se calo, sahI dizA meM calo aura calate rho| jo calate rahane kA Ananda hai, jo yAtrA kA utsAha hai, jo saphara kA joza hai, vaisA Ananda, utsAha aura joza kyA bAda meM bhI banA rahatA hai? caraNa gati se caraNa zakti aura caraNa zakti se caraNa cmtkaar| caritra vikAsa ke Abhyantara AlhAda kA kyA kahanA? RSi muni kahate rahe haiM-careveti, creveti| garudeva ravIndranAtha ne to yahAM taka kahA ki aura kisI kA sAtha na ho taba bhI akele hI calo parantu calo avshy| leTe mata raho, baiThe mata rahona zithilatA, na niSkriyatA, pramAda aura akarmaNyatA bhI nhiiN| isIliye jAgo, uTho aura calanA AraMbha kara do| jIne kA nAma hI jindagI nahIM hai, calanA isa jindagI kA mUlamaMtra hai| jJAna aura prema kI gaMgA bahAte-calo, khaTTI-mIThI khuziyoM kI phuhAroM se sabake mana-mAnasa ko bhigote hue calo aura thor3e gile zikavoM se jIvana meM nita nayA utsAha evaM mAdhurya ko bharate hue clo| inhIM indradhanuSI raMgoM se apane va sabake jIvana ko sarobAra karate hue calo aura mastI meM calate rho| ___ Ao, jIvana ko indradhanuSI raMgoM se sajAne kI kalA siikheN-sikhaaveN| sukhapUrvaka jIvana jIne kI ahama zarta hai ki vyakti vartamAna meM jie| sAmAnyata: vyakti apane atIta kI smRtiyoM meM khoyA rahatA hai yA phira bhaviSya ke sunahare sapane saMjotA rahatA hai| eka kI smRti aura dUsare kI cintA-kalpanA meM vartamAna ke karmaTha pala yoM hI nirarthaka bIta jAte haiN| samaya ke anasAra badalate pariveza meM jIne kA abhyAsa honA caahie| gilAsa jitanA bharA hai usa bharAva ko dekhakara khuza honA sIkheM, use adhika bharane kA utsAha paidA kareM lekina usake khAlIpana ko kose nahIM, usa khAlIpana ko lekara na nirAza va hatAza hoveM aura na hI kuMThAgrasta bneN| gilAsa jitanA bharA hai pahale usakA sadupayoga kareM parantu usake khAlIpana para hI apane pUre dhyAna ko kendrita karake samaya kA apavyaya na kreN| jIvana ko rucikara tathA khuzahAla banAne ke liye Avazyaka hai ki vyakti sarvaprathama svayaM ko hI bharapUra sneha evaM vizvAsa de| Atma-sneha tathA Atma-vizvAsa se bharA vyakti hI dUsaroM ko bharapUra sneha evaM vizvAsa pradAna kara sakatA hai| usI meM sahAnabhati evaM sahayoga kI bhAvanA balavatI hotI hai| pArivArika evaM sAmAjika jIvana ko eka sUtra meM bAMdhane meM ye donoM guNa atyanta hI upayogI hote haiN| inake binA vyakti kA svayaM kA jIvana to nIrasa banatA hI hai, balki parivAra tathA samAja kI sarasatA evaM samarasatA bhI Age nahIM bar3ha pAtI hai| ___ acchI dostI jIvana ko khuzahAla banAne meM aham bhUmikA adA karatI hai| kAraNa, jaba kabhI-bhI vyakti apane ko kisI parezAnI yA samasyA se ghirA huA mahasUsa karatA hai to eka acche dosta se 104

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caraNa camatkAra se ho sakatA hai kaisA bhI jIvana mahimA maMDita prApta sahI salAha se use sukUna milatA hai| acche dosta se vyakti sahajatA aura halkApana pAtA hai| dilo-dimAga ko tanAvamukta rakhane ke lie acchA hai ki kisI sacce dosta se apanA sukha-duHkha bAMTa liyA jaae| dhyAna rakheM ki jo vyakti hara vakta apane hI duHkhoM kA ronA rotA rahatA hai, sukha va khuziyAM usake daravAje se hI lauTa jAtI haiN| jaba bhI hama apanA mana jarA-sA bhI udAsa yA ukhar3A huA pAeM to kinhIM pasaMdIdA gItoM tathA bhajanoM meM tallInatA se kho jaaeN| saca, Apa apane udAsI bhare mana ke kisI kone meM khuzI kI gudagudAhaTa mahasUsa kreNge| saMgIta jIvana ke sAtha gaharAI se jur3A huA hai jo mana kI udAsI kA zreSTha samAdhAna hai| thor3I-sI sUjhabUjha aura dhairya se yadi kAma leM to khuda ke va dUsaroM ke dAmana ko khuziyoM se bhara deMge / jIvana ke prati nirAzAvAdI yA nakArAtmaka dRSTikoNa kadApi na rkheN| sadaiva AzAvAdI bane rahane evaM nayA utsAha, vizvAsa aura prema bharate rahane kA prayatna kreN| jIvana sarvadA Anandamaya rhegaa| caraNa satata kriyAzIla raheM, calane kA Ananda lete raheM, caraNa zakti prApta hotI rahe, nirantara puSTa hotI rahe, caritra kI tejasvitA nikharatI rahe, usake prakAza meM samAja va rASTra ekatA ke sUtra meM baMdhate rahe, sArI mAnava jAti parasparatA kA samAdara karate hue mAnavIya mUlyoM ko prakhara banAtI rahe taba caraNa camatkAra kA sukha milatA hI rhegaa| 105

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caritra evaM samAnArtha zabdoM kI sarala subodha vyAkhyA jIvana kA artha aura jIvana kI iti hai "caritra" gathoM meM eka AkhyAna hai guru caMdrarudrAcArya kaa| ve eka "sAdhaka avazya the, kintu apane krodha ko kiMcit mAtra bhI sAdha nahIM pAe the| ve apane nAma ke anurUpa candra kama aura rudra atyadhika the| parantu guru-ziSya kI yuti bhI ati vicitra thii| jahAM eka ora guru rudra rUpa krodhI the, vahIM dUsarI ora unakA ziSya atizaya akrodhI sarala aura vinayavAna thaa| usake mana meM sadA yahI cintana calatA rahatA thA ki vaha apane guru ke guNoM ko hI dekhe aura unake prati parama zraddhA-bhAva rakhe yaha socate hue ki guru-govinda donoM khar3e, kinake lAgU pAyaH balihArI guru-deva kI, govinda diyo btaay| vaha guru ke krodha ko agni ke samAna nahIM, candra ke samAna zItala mahasUsa karAne ke liye hamezA tatpara rahatA thaa| eka bAra guru-ziSya sudUra pradeza ke lie vihAra para nikle| bIca meM biyAvAna vana ko bhI unheM pAra karanA pdd'aa| vaha vana bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke ghane vRkSoM-vallariyoM Adi se itanA AcchAdita thA ki dina meM bhI 'hAtha ko hAtha na sUjhe' itanA a~dherA chAyA huA thaa| guru vRddha evaM durbala the, ataH ziSya vihAra meM unheM apane kaMdhoM para biThA kara le 106

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caritra evaM samAnArtha zabdoM kI sarala-subodha vyAkhyA

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caritra evaM samAnArtha zabdoM kI sarala subodha vyAkhyA jAyA karatA thaa| usa dina bhI ve apane ziSya ke kaMdhoM para car3he hue the| ghanaghora aMdhere ke kAraNa ziSya atIva sAvadhAnI se dhIre-dhIre cala rahA thA, phira bhI rAstA kaccA aura pattharoM, kA~ToM Adi se bharA huA so dhyAna rakhate-rakhate bhI ziSya kA paira ucakatA rahatA aura vaha Thokara khAte-khAte bacatA / lekina isa taraha ke jhaTake khAnA guru ko kataI bardAzta nahIM thaa| guru kA krodha bhar3akane lgaa| jyoM hI unheM jhaTakA lagatA ki guru kA DaMDA ziSya ke mAthe barasa pdd'taa| jhaTake lagate gae aura DaMDe barasate ge| ziSya vedanA se tar3apa rahA thA, phira bhI vaha guru se apane avinaya kI hArdika kSamA mAMgatA rahatA / vaha adhika sAvadhAna ho jAtA aura Age bar3hatA rahatA / saghana aMdhakAra meM Akhira carma cakSu jitanA kAma kara sakate the, utanA hI to ziSya Age dekha paataa| lekina guru kA krodha raudra rUpa dhAraNa karatA rahA aura ziSya ke sira para krUra prahAra hote rhe| 1 acAnaka eka Azcarya ghaTita huA / yadyapi vana kI saghanatA gaharAtI jA rahI thI aura tadanusAra aMdhakAra kI gahanatA bhI kintu ziSya ke pairoM kA ucakanA ekadama banda ho gyaa| use usa saghana aMdhakAra meM bhI saba kucha spaSTa dikhAI dene lagA thaa| usakI A~khoM meM ujjvala prakAza samA gayA thA aura vahI divya prakAza usake liye cAroM ora prasArita ho gayA thaa| guru tatkAla AzyarcAnvita ho * uThe, jJAnI to the hI, bole- kahIM tujhe kaivalya jJAna (sarvocca parama jJAna ) to nahIM ho gayA ? ziSya to atizaya vinIta thA, usane itanA sA hI uttara diyA- 'saba gurudeva kI kRpA hai|' aura vaha sadhe hue kadamoM se Age bar3hatA rhaa| kucha aura parakha kara lene ke bAda guru stabdha raha gye| unakA DaMDA prahAra to baMda huA hI, unake krodha kA Aveza bhI ekadama zAnta ho gyaa| ve karIba-karIba cillAte hue bole- ruka jAo ziSya, aba maiM tumhAre kaMdhoM para car3hA raha kara eka kevalI kI AzAtanA karate hue pApa kA bhAgI nahIM bnuuNgaa| tuma nizyaya hI kevalI ho gae ho aura mere liye bhI vandanIya / ziSya taba aura adhika sarala evaM vinayAvanata ho gyaa| ziSya kI isa saralatA aura vinamratA ko Apa kyA kaheMge? apane-apane soca ke anusAra alaga-alaga uttara ho sakate haiN| koI kaha degA ki guru ke hAthoM aise prahAra jhelanA aura vinayavAna bane rahanA koI vyAvahArika bAta nhiiN| usase guru kI uddaMDatA bar3hatI hI rhii| koI kahegA ki yaha guru kI ayogyatA tathA tisa para bhI ziSya kI ayogyatA kA spaSTa pramANa hai| ziSya kI yogyatA ke bAre meM do rAya nahIM ho sktii| vAstava meM yaha usakI saphala caritra niSThA kA pramANa hai| apanA caritra nirmANa itanA sudRr3ha banA liyA jAe ki usake phaulAdI kavaca ko duniyA kI koI bhI burAI tanika bhI bheda na ske| yoM apane jIvana meM ucca koTi ke caritra kA nirmANa karanA tathA usake prati niSThAvAna bane rahanA kaThina se kaThinatama paristhitiyoM ke daurAna bhI isase bar3hakara anya koI sAdhanA nahIM / caritrazIla banane se jisa prakAra kI sahanazIlatA ke guNa kA vikAsa hotA hai, vaha sAdhaka ko sarvAMgINa unnati ke uccatama zikhara taka pahu~cA detA hai- sarvadA sabakA vandanIya / kintu aisI anupama sahanazIlatA kA vikAsa hogA kaba ? tabhI na jaba vaha sahanazIlatA kaThora parIkSA kI agni meM tapa kara aura kundana banakara bAhara niklegii| aura aisI parIkSA lene ke lie hI koI na koI to cAhie, jisakA prahAra krUratama aura asahya ho jAe aura phira bhI caritraniSTha use 107

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sucaritram 108 vinayapUrvaka sahe tathA utkRSTa bhAvoM meM ramaNa karatA rhe| aise meM guru candrarudrAcArya ke krodha ko bhI zreya to denA hI hogA ki jisake binA ziSya ko sahiSNutA kA uccatama pramANa patra kaise milatA aura kaise use kaivalya jJAna kI parama siddhi prApta hotI ? svaccha evaM sudRr3ha caritra nirmANa ke liye sadaiva pratikUla paristhitiyoM kI AvazyakatA huA karatI hai ki jinameM se eka caritraniSTha sAdhaka sarala bhAva evaM samagra sAhasa ke sAtha gujre| una pratikUla paristhitiyoM kI Aga meM vaha sAdhaka apane jIvana ko jalAe nahIM, balki sone kI taraha isa prakAra tapA kara nikhAre ki vaha apane Atmika guNoM ke sAtha kundana kI taraha damaka utthe| caritra kA zabdArtha, bhAvArtha evaM usakI sArthakatA kA samagra jIvana para prabhAva caritra zabda saMskRta ke 'car' dhAtu se banA hai, jisa kA vyAkaraNa meM kriyA pada hone ke anusAra artha hotA hai-clnaa| isakA bhAvArtha huA ki calane se banatA hai caritra / to caritra kA rahasya sAdhAraNa calane meM bhI hai aura vizeSa calane meM bhI / sAdhAraNa calane kA matalaba sabhI bakhUbI jAnate haiM ki apane pairoM ke AdhAra para rAstA taya karanA aura gantavya taka pahu~canA / kahIM bhI calane se hI pahu~cA jA sakatA hai aura jIvanabhara manuSya karatA kyA hai calatA hai aura calatA hI to rahatA hai| kahate haiM 'jo sovata hai so khovata hai aura jo jAgata hai so pAvata hai', lekina pAnA kevala jaga jAne se hI saMbhava nahIM hotA hai| usake lie jaga kara uThanA hotA hai, apane pairoM para aDiga khar3e honA hotA hai tathA prApti kI dizA meM sthira gati se cala denA hotA hai| mUla meM calanA hI mukhya hai| calane aura calate rahane se caritra banatA hai / lokabhASA meM calane ko nAma diyA gayA hai cAla kA aura pArakhI loga kisI kI cAla dekha kara hI usakA sArA raMga-DhaMga pahicAna lete haiN| jaise calane kI saphalatA kA nAma caritra hai, usI prakAra kAmayAba cAla ko calana kahA jAtA hai / yoM caritra kA sarala tathA subodha artha hai cAla-calana / isIliye kahA jAtA hai ki cAla calana sudhAro yAnI caritra kA nirmANa kro| caritra basa caritra hotA hai arthAt sadhI huI cAla / yaha eka guNa hai - aisA guNa jisa para jIvana kI sArthakatA nirbhara karatI hai aura samagra mAnava jAti kI vikAsa gati / hotA hai, usakA koI raMga nahIM hotaa| usakI hotI hai eka zakti jisakA upayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| yahI guNa upayoga yA pariNAma kI dRSTi se do prakAra ke rUpa le sakatA hai| yadi guNa upayoga hitakArI hai to use sadguNa kahA jaaegaa| isI guNa kA upayoga yadi aniSTakArI hogA to vaha durguNa bana jAegA / yoM zakti eka hotI hai aura usake prayoga do / cAritrika zakti kI bhI yahI dazA hotI hai| sadupayoga para satcaritra tathA durupayoga para duScaritra / isakA artha yaha nikalatA hai caritra kA nirmANa isa viveka aura najarie ke sAtha kiyA jAe jisase sarvahita kA kSetra nirantara vikasita evaM prasArita hotA jaae| yaha AcaraNa kA viSaya hai| sArAMza meM AcaraNa ko caritra kahA jA sakatA hai| caritra AcaraNa ko saMyamita banAne kI zakti pradAna karatA hai aura isa zakti ke mAdhyama se vyakti kAmanAoM evaM vAsanAoM para niyaMtraNa sthApita karatA hai tathA indriyoM ko Atmika adhikAra meM lekara unase zuddha pravRttiyA~ karavAtA hai / caritra ke do

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caritra evaM samAnArtha zabdoM kI sarala subodha vyAkhyA pakSa haiM- eka vicAra, dUsarA aacaar| vicAroM kI vimalatA evaM AcAra kI pavitratA hI unnata caritra kA pratIka banatI hai| na to vicAra zUnya AcAra aura na hI AcAra zUnya vicAra kA koI artha hotA hai, jIvana vikAsa ke liye donoM samAna rUpa se anupayogI hote haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki svayaM ke vizuddha cintana-manana se udbhuta vicAroM ko jIvana-vyavahAra meM sAkAra rUpa denA hI AcAra kA saccA lakSaNa hai| jisa prakAra ke AcAra se rAga-dveSa rUpI durbhAvoM kA anta kiyA jAe, Atma svarUpa para chAye hue karmoM ke AvaraNoM ko haTAyA jAe evaM apanI sArI vRttiyoM tathA pravRttiyoM meM saralatA tathA zuddhatA kA samAveza kiyA jAe, vahI AcAra ucca tathA zreSTha kahA gayA hai| aise AcAra ko jIvana meM apanAne se caritra nirmANa kI dizA meM tvarita gati se pragati saMbhava hotI hai| caritra kI sArthakatA kA jIvana para apUrva prabhAva par3atA hai cAhe vaha jIvana vyakti kA ho athavA kisI bhI prakAra ke sAmUhika saMgaThana kA, kyoMki kisI bhI saMgaThana ke niyAmaka meM aura saMcAlaka vyakti hI hote haiN| hameM yaha socanA chor3a denA cAhie ki hama ajJAnI aura akarmaNya haiN| nimnastarIya vicAroM ke kAraNa hamAre mAnasa meM hIna manovRtti kI jaTila graMthi jar3a pakar3a letI hai aura vaha isa taraha saMpUrNa vyavahAra ko jakar3a letI hai ki manuSya kI akSamatA kabhI bhI dUra nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| hama bhI yadi isa graMthi kI pakar3a meM A jAte haiM to mAnie ki jIvana meM kabhI bhI unnati nahIM kara paaeNge| hameM sadaiva isa vizvAsa ko dRr3ha banAnA cAhiye ki hamArI antarAtmA meM pUrNatA nihita hai, jise apane caritra bala se hama prApta kara sakate haiN| saba kucha sAdhane kI hamAre bhItara zakti maujUda hai aura vaha hai caritra kI shkti| isa zakti kA yadi pUrNa utsAha, vizvAsa evaM sAhasa ke sAtha prakaTIkaraNa kiyA jAe aura use nirantara sudRr3ha banAI jAe to apane ko ajJa yA alpajJa mAnane kI hIna manovRtti kA samUla anta ho jaaegaa| mUlataH caritra kI yathArthatA hai usakI azubhatA se zubhatA kI ora gati ___ caritra kI sarala evaM subodha vyAkhyA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jisa zakti ke prabhAva se vyakti kA jIvana azubha kAryoM se nivRtta hove tathA vaha zubha kAryoM meM pravRtti kare (asuhAo viNivittI suhe pavitto ya jANa carittaM) aura zubha kyA- yaha saba loga vyAkhyAtmaka dRSTi se bhale hI na jAnate ho, kintu anubhavAtmaka dRSTi se pUrI taraha jAnate haiN| apanA aura sabakA bhalA ho vaisI vRtti tathA pravRtti zubha mAnI jAtI hai| isase viparIta vRtti tathA pravRtti azubha kahI jaaegii| saMkSepa meM caritra kI yahI vyAkhyA hai ki azubhatA se zubhatA kI ora calo tathA nirantara calate rho| vastutaH caritra hI eka aisI bhavya zakti tathA divya jyoti hai jisake bala aura prakAza se mAnava na kevala azubha kAryoM ko tyAgate hue zubha kAryoM meM pravRtti karatA hai, apitu asaMbhava kAryoM ko bhI saMbhava banA letA hai| sUrya kA prakAza dina meM rahatA hai, rAtri meM nahIM aura usake prakAza meM taptatA hotI hai zItalatA nahIM, parantu caritrazIlatA ke prakAza meM basa prakAza hI prakAza hotA hai- pathadarzaka evaM zItala prakAza jisakI anubhUti mAtra sarvatra jIvana vikAsa ko prabala preraNA pradAna karatI hai| sabhI prakAra ke tApoM tathA saMtApoM kA haraNa karane evaM Ananda ko varaNa karane kI zakti caritra ke prakAza meM nihita hotI hai| unnata cAritrika zakti jIvana zuddhi ke sabhI kriyA-kalApoM meM apanA gaharA prabhAva 109

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sucaritram chor3atI hai| jisakI cAritrika zakti sugaThita, zuddha evaM sudRr3ha bana jAtI hai, usa vyakti ke dainika jIvana meM bhI kisI ke ahita kA, aniSTa kA, amaMgala kA vicAra yA AcAra meM tanika-sA bhI aMza nahIM rahatA hai| vaha sarvahita kA sAdhaka bana jAtA hai| usakI pratyeka kriyA sarva maMgalamaya, sarvasukhada tathA sarvottama bana jAtI hai| yahI caritra kI upayogitA, sArthakatA evaM mahattA hai| ___ mAnava jIvana kA sarva sukhada pahalU hai usakA pavitra critr| yaha jitanA vikasita hotA jAtA hai utanA hI svabhAva-madhuratA, mitratA, prANIvatsalatA, Atmopamya bhAvanA, sahiSNutA evaM samagratA bar3hatI jAtI hai| pariNAmasvarUpa eka caritravAna vyakti sva-para meM sukha-zAnti evaM akhUTa Ananda kI anubhUti karatA hai| bAhara ke calane se bhI yaha bhItara kA calanA adhika gaMbhIra, adhika sukhadAyaka tathA adhika hitakAraka hotA hai| bAhara ke calane kI bhautika dUrI to dikhAI detI hai lekina bhItara calane kI Atmonnati kI dUrI kA koI mApa nahIM, vaha candrarudrAcArya ke ziSya ke samAna kaivalya jJAna taka pahu~ca sakatI hai| yaha caritra kA carama utkarSa hotA hai| isa dizA meM jo sAdhaka evaM mahApuruSa agragAmI hote haiM, unakA jIvana hI caritra kA jIvanta rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai| tabhI to vaise jIvana ko caritra kahA jAtA hai, jaise kalpasUtra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvanollekha unakA jIvana caritra kahA jAtA hai to mahAkavi tulasIdAsa ne zrIrAma kI jIvana gAthA ko 'rAmacarita mAnasa' nAma diyaa| Azaya yaha ki utkRSTa jIvana ko hI caritra kI saMjJA de dI jAtI hai| Akhira mahApuruSa kA calanA Adarza calatA to hotA hI hai| isa dRSTi se calane yAnI caritra kA sambandha jIvana kI pratyeka kriyA se hotA hai- kaise uThanA, kaise baiThanA, kaise sonA, kaise khAnA, kaise bolanA aura kaise calanA aadi| ina sabakA samyak samAdhAna hameM caritra ke dvArA prApta hotA hai| caritra ko cAla-DhAla yA cAla-calana kA pratIka mAnA gayA hai| yadi jIvana ke sAre kArya sAvadhAnI, satarkatA evaM yatanApUrvaka hote haiM to vaha niSpApatA kA saMketa hotA hai ( jayaM care, jayaM cir3he, jayaM mAse, jayaM sae, jayaM bhujanto bhAsanto, pAva kammaM na baMdhaImahAvIra) yaha yatanA caritra kA lakSaNa hai| ye saba kArya mAnava ko azubhatA se dUra karate haiM tathA zubhatA kI ora Age le jAte haiN| mUlata: caritra kI yahI prAmANikatA evaM sArthakatA hai ki azubha kAryoM se nivRtti hotI jAe evaM zubha kAryoM meM pravRtti bar3hatI jaae| caritra ke samAnArthaka zabdoM kA antarbhAva eka, para vyavahAra ke rUpa aneka ___ caritra ke aneka samAnArthaka zabda haiM, yathA-caraNa, AcaraNa, AcAra, carati, caraiveti, cAla-calana Adi, kintu pratyeka zabda kA mUla 'car' dhAtu meM hI samAviSTa hai| pratyeka zabda kA bodha 'calane' meM hI rahA huA hai| yaha avazya jAnane kI bAta hai ki ki calanA kisa prakAra, kisa dizA meM aura kahA~ taka? ___saba samAnArthaka zabdoM ke bhAva kI ekarUpatA ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue sabase pahale yaha jAnanA hogA ki hamArI maMjila kyA hai? usakA mArga kaunasA hai? hameM kahA~ jAnA hai aura hama jA kahA~ rahe haiM? yaha nirdhArita kara lene ke bAda kA calanA hI asala meM calanA hai| usa ora taba taka calanA hai jaba taka hameM hamArI maMjila na mila jaae| eka sAdhaka usa prakAra kA yAtrI hotA hai, jisako satata calanA 110

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caritra evaM samAnArtha zabdoM kI sarala subodha vyAkhyA hI calanA hotA hai, bIca meM kahIM vizrAma nahIM hotA (isa patha kA uddezya nahIM hai zrAnta bhavana meM Tika rahanA : kintu pahu~canA usa sImA para, jisake Age rAha nahIM- jayazaMkara prasAda) isa prakAra calate rahanA hI mAnava jIvana kA maMtra hai aura usakA critr| brAhmaNa graMthoM meM eka maMtra AtA hai- caraiveti craiveti| isakA artha hai- calate raho, calate rho| calate rahane kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai- karttavya patha meM sone vAle ke liye kaliyuga hai, jamhAI lene vAle ke liye dvApara hai, uTha-baiThane vAle ke liye tretA hai aura patha para cala par3ane vAle ke lie satayuga hai- isIlie kahA gayA ki calate raho, calate raho arthAt caraiveti, craiveti| calate rahane vAle ke liye sadA satayuga rahatA hai| saMsAra meM yadi koI kahIM sthAyI DerA jamAnA bhI cAheM to mahAkAla kisI ko kahA~ jamane detA hai? aba yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki calate rahane ke bAvajUda koI vipathagAmI to jAtA hai| usakI vipathagAmitA yA ulTA calanA caritrahInatA kA dyotaka banatA hai| yoM calane ke bAre meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki calo aura calate raho lekina saMbhala kr| jaise sarpa garur3a ke nikaTa DaratA huA bahuta saMbhalakara calatA hai ki kahIM vaha garur3a ke caMgula meM na pha~sa jAe, usI prakAra mAnava ko sAMsArikatA kI mohaka kAmanAoM, antarahita icchAoM tathA patana karAne vAlI vAsanAoM se satarka rahate hue * calanA cAhie (giddhovame u naccANaM kAme saMsAra vaDDaNe : urago suvaNNa pAsevva saMkamANo taNuM care- uttarAdhyayana 14/47) / caraNa, AcaraNa aura AcAra zabdoM kA bhI antarbhAva eka hI hai kintu ina zabdoM kA vyavahAra alaga-alaga rUpa se kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaise jIvana meM sAmAnya rUpa se sadagaNoM ko apanAne kA nAma AcaraNa hai to AcAra usa sAdhanA paddhati kA saMketa mAnA jAtA hai jo AtmA ke bhItara calane kA bala aura saMbala pradAna karatI hai| isa AcAra zabda kI vyutpatti isa prakAra kI gaI hai- AcAra zabda 'A' upasarga car (gati bhesaMNiyA) dhAtu se nirmita hai| gati bhekSaNArthaka car dhAtu meM dyaJ pratyaya jor3ane para 'AcAra' zabda banatA hai| isameM 'A' upasarga maryAdA ke artha meM tathA 'cAra' calane ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| yoM kAlaniyamAdi ke lakSaNa se maryAdApUrvaka calanA AcAra hai| AcAra ke lakSaNa ke rUpa meM maryAdApUrvaka calanA, maryAdita jIvana bitAnA ho sakatA hai agara vyakti apane jIvana ko maryAdApUrvaka nahIM rakhatA hai to usakA AcaraNa bhI kadApi zuddha nahIM raha pAtA hai| jaina paramparA meM jo anuSThAna jIvana vyavahAra athavA AcaraNa jJAnAdi paMcavidha AcAroM ke anukUla ho, vaha AcAra kahalAtA hai aura jo inake pratikUla ho vaha anAcAra (A majjAyA vayaNo, caraNaM cAro tti tIe AyAro : so hoI NANa daMsaNa carittatava-viriya viyappo-abhidhAna rAjendra koSa bhAga-2 pRSTha 330/368) / __ caritra ko samajhane ke liye sAmAnya jana hetu 'cAla-calana' zabda bahuta upayukta hai| caraNa zabda zuddha rUpa se calane ke artha meM sampanna hai tathA pairoM kA yaha pariSkRta nAma calane kI saphalatA, zreSThatA evaM ajeyatA kA pratIka hai- tabhI to caraNa zaraNa mAMgI jAtI hai arthAt una mahApuruSoM ke caraNoM meM zaraNa mile jo caraNa calate rahane ke bAda lakSya prApta kara cuke haiN| caraNoM meM jo praNAma kiyA jAtA hai, vaha variSTha jana se mahApuruSa evaM prabhu ke caraNa taka pahu~catA hai| yoM caraNa praNamya mAnA gayA hai| lekina 111

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sucaritram usa caraNa kA hI to guNa hai calanA aura yaha calanA jaba zurU hotA hai aura nirantara hotA rahatA hai tabhI to aparipakvatA kI sthiti se paripakvatA kI sthiti taka pahu~catA hai| calanA eka nAdAna kA bhI hotA hai aura eka sAdhaka kA bhii| calanA beDola bhI hotA hai to calanA sadhA haA bhii| kabhI calanA kisI bhI prakAra kI asthiratA se grasta hotA hai to vahI calanA paka kara sthira evaM sudRr3ha bhI bana jAtA hai| Ama AdamI kI bolI meM isa calane ko calA kA nAma diyA gayA hai aura isa cAla kA jo raMga-DhaMga sAmane AtA hai use calana kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra cAla calana zabda pUre caritra zabda kA bodha hotA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se jaba kisI vyakti ke cAla-calana kI AlocanA kI jAtI hai to usakA abhiprAya usa vyakti ke caritra kA svarUpa batAnA hI hotA hai| kula milA kara caritra evaM usake samAnArthaka zabdoM kA mUla antarbhAva eka hI hotA hai| yaha alaga bAta hai ki eka-eka zabda kA vyavahAra vibhinna paristhiti evaM samaya ke saMdarbha meM kiyA jAtA hai| caritrazIlatA guNa aura karma ke mahala khar3e karatI hai naitikatA kI nIMva para sabhI jAnate haiM ki aMdhakAra ko samApta karane ke liye sUrya ko koI saMgharSa nahIM karanA par3atA hai| sUryodaya hote hI jaise aMdhakAra svayaM hI bhAga jAtA hai, vaise hI caritrazIla banate hI vyakti kI anekAneka vipattiyA~ svataH hI samApta ho jAtI hai| yahI nahIM, naitikatA kI nIMva para khar3I kI gaI caritrazIlatA guNa aura karma ke aise U~ce pratimAna sthApita karatI hai ki jo saMsAra ke liye patha pradarzaka AdarzoM kA rUpa dhAraNa kara lete haiN| ina U~ce pratimAnoM ko guNa aura karma ke mahala kI upamA dI jA sakatI hai| ___ caritrazIlatA kI pahalI sIr3hI hotI hai naitiktaa| naitika bane binA koI vyakti caritrazIla nahIM bana sakatA hai| naitika jIvana kI ora kadama bar3hAnA vAstava meM mAnavatA kI ora kadama bar3hAnA hai| jo vyakti naitikatA ke mArga para cala par3atA hai, anya vyakti hI nahIM, pUrA samAja usakA anukaraNa karane lagatA hai| isa dRSTi se jo naitikatA kI nIMva majabUtI se DAla dI to samajhie ki Apane jIvana ke sArabhUta tattva ko prApta karane kI dizA meM tejI se kadama bar3hA diyA hai| yaha samajhane kI bAta hai ki naitikatA eka prakAra kI svastha jIvana praNAlI kA nAma hai| isa para kisI bhU-bhAga, dharma-sampradAya yA ki varga saMgaThana kA raMga nahIM hotaa| naitikatA ko na pUrva kA pakSapAta hai, na pazcima kaa| use na kAle AdamI kA, na gore-pIle AdamI kA pakSapAta hai, na hI anyAya sampradAyoM kaa| naitikatA ko koI bhI apanA sakatA hai aura unake anusAra apane jIvana-vyavahAra ko zuddha evaM sadguNamaya banA sakatA hai, naitikatA ko jisa vyakti ne bhI apanAI hai phira jahA~ bhI vaha vyakti jAtA hai, vaha pratiSThA prApta karatA hai| naitikatA kI pakkI sar3aka caritrazIlatA kI maMjila taka jAtI hai| jahA~ pahu~cane meM sAdhanA ke usa yAtrI ko kinhIM vizeSa kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA nahIM karanA par3atA hai| isa saMdarbha meM yaha sunizcita hai ki naitikatA se arjita kI gaI kama AmadanI bhI usa vyakti ko jitanA andara-bAhara kA sukha detI hai, utanA sukha anIti se prApta apAra dhana ke svAmI ko bhI nahIM miltaa| jo anIti se dhana prApta karake sukha kA anubhava karanA cAhatA hai, vaha mAnoM kacce ghar3e meM pAnI bharakara usase apanI pyAsa bujhAnA cAhatA hai| 112

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caritra evaM samAnArtha zabdoM kI sarala subodha vyAkhyA naitikatA kI nIMva para caritrazIlatA kA tvarita evaM zreSTha vikAsa hotA hai jisa ke mAdhyama se uttama guNoM evaM kAryoM kI jaise zrRMkhalA hI cala par3atI hai| guNa aura karma ke AdhAra para hI caritrazIla athavA caritrahIna yA mAnavatA athavA dAnavatA kI pahicAna hotI hai| jahA~ jIvana aura guNa ekameka ho jAte haiM, vahA~ mAnavatA ke sumana khile binA nahIM rhte| jaise dUdha meM zakkara, dAla meM namaka, phUla meM sugaMdha aura dIpaka meM prakAza ekameka ho jAte haiM, vaise hI jIvana aura sadguNa ekameka ho jAe to kahanA ho kyA? hamAre antaraMga mUlyoM kA mApaka yaMtra hamArA caritra hai| jIvana vyavahAra meM koI vyakti saphala hai yA viphala athavA sarvahita ke kSetra meM vaha unnati kara rahA hai athavA avanati - usakA mUlyAMkana usake caritra ke AdhAra para hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| caritra aisI kasauTI hai jisa para ragar3a kara kisI bhI jIvana kI parakha kI jA sakatI hai ki vaha kitane TaMca taka kharA hai| eka vyakti ko binA kacha kahesune mAtra usake bolane, sunane, samajhane va kArya karane ke DhaMga ko dekhakara jAnA jA sakatA hai ki vaha kaisA hai? jisa vyakti ke bhItara meM apane caritra ko unnata banAe rakhane kI tamannA hotI hai, vaha kabhI bhI satya evaM zrama se vimukha nahIM hotaa| usakI zrama ke prati saccI niSThA hotI hai ki vaha jo kucha bhI arjita karegA, vaha apane zrama ke bala para hI karegA tathA zrama se arjita Aya se hI apanA nirvAha claaegaa| sAtha hI vaha apane jIvana meM satya ko isa prakAra AtmasAt kara letA hai ki asatya, chala, kapaTa ke aMza taka ko apane vyavahAra se dUra kara letA hai| vaha jaise zrama evaM satya ke prati pUrNatayA samarpita ho jAtA hai| jIvana ke pratyeka kriyAkalApa meM vaha zrama evaM satya ko sarvocca sthAna detA hai to samAja ke vizAla prAMgaNa meM bhI vaha zrama evaM satya kI pratiSThA ke liye apanA saba kucha nyauchAvara kara dene ke liye sadaiva tatpara rahatA hai| isa rUpa meM vaha apane jIvana ko zreSTha siddhAMtoM para AdhArita banA detA hai aura sarvatra caritrazIlatA ke prasAra kA preraka vAtAvaraNa raca detA hai| ____ apane mana se eka prazna puuchie| isa saMsAra meM dharma sampradAya aneka haiM to jAti evaM varNa vyavasthAe~ bhI aneka haiN| ina sabake bIca kaTutA evaM saMgharSa kA vyavahAra to dikhAI detA hai, kintu kyA ina sabako ekatA ke sUtra meM piro kara sthAyI zAnti kA sUtrapAta kiyA jA sakatA hai? yaha jaTila prazna hai, socie ki aisI kaunasI zakti hai jisake mAdhyama se saccI ekatA sthApita kI jA sakatI hai? gahana vicAra maMthana ke bAda Apako isakA uttara milegA, avazya milegaa| vaha saba eka mAtra zakti hai caritra kI shkti| caritra se prApta Atma bala kaunasA lakSya hai jise pA nahIM sakatA? jaba eka-eka vyakti kA caritra ubharatA hai aura apane vyavahAra kI preraNA saba ora phailAtA hai taba vahA~ nizcita rUpa se pUre samAja aura saMsAra meM sabako jagAne vAlA viziSTa Andolana janma le letA hai| yaha Andolana sabake jIvana meM caritra zIlatA ko eka nayA AyAma detA hai| caritra kI zakti taba saba meM samAnatA evaM samatA jagA detI hai| kyoM bikhara jAtA hai caritrahIna vyakti miTTI ke eka Dhele kI taraha? ___ yaha anubhUta satya hai ki artha yA bhautika sAdhana-suvidhAoM ke abhAva meM vyakti utane kaSTa kA anubhava nahIM karatA, jitanA ghora kaSTa vaha apanI caritra hInatA ke kAraNa se bhugatatA hai| eka vyaki 113

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sucaritram kI caritrahInatA usake liye hI kalaMka kA kAraNa nahIM banatI, balki usake duSprabhAva se pUrA samAja bhI nahIM baca pAtA hai| saca to yaha hai ki caritra hInatA sampUrNa mAnava jAti ko kalaMka kA TIkA gAtI hai| gaharAI se socane, samajhane evaM upayukta nirNaya lene kA viSaya hai ki kyA prApta DigriyoM, upAdhiyoM aura padaviyoM se kisI bhI vyakti ko yogya mAnA jA sakatA hai? yogyatA mApane ke kaI mApadaMDa ho sakate haiM kintu saccI yogyatA ko mApane kA kharA mApadaMDa usake svayaM ke caritra ke sivAya anya nahIM ho sakatA? vAstava meM caritrazIlatA kA sarvatomukhI vikAsa hue binA hitakAraka yogyatAe~ prakaTa hI nahIM hotii| yogyatA kA mukhya AdhAra hI kisI kA apanA caritra vikAsa hai| vahI nAgarika sanAgarika hai jisake caritra meM hiMsA, zoSaNa, aparAdha evaM pApa vAsanAoM ko samUla nAza kA saMkalpa jAga gayA ho| vibhinna bAhya cihnoM, veza-bhUSAoM tathA upAsanA paddhatiyoM ke rahate sabhI dharmoM ko eka karanA kaThina hai kintu cAritrika mUlyoM kI samAnatA ke AdhAra para dharmoM meM sthAyI ekatA kAyama kI jA sakatI hai| caritra hI vaha AdhAra hai, jahA~ sabakA sabake prati aTUTa vizvAsa utpanna ho sakatA hai| anyAnya viSayoM va saMdarbhoM ko lekara to kisI bhI dharma sampradAya, jAti, varga Adi meM virodha yA vivAda paidA ho sakatA hai aura banA raha sakatA hai, kintu saccaritratA ko lekara kabhI koI vivAda paidA nahIM ho sakatA aura TikA nahIM raha sakatA / kAraNa, pratyeka dharma caritrazIlatA kA samarthaka evaM sampoSaka rahA hai| dhArmika, naitika athavA sAmAjika rASTrIya samasyAe~ itanI gaMbhIra nahIM hai jitanI gaMbhIra samasyA hai cAritrika patana kI yAnI caritrahInatA kI / cAritrika pakSa jitanA sajaga aura sazakta hogA, utanI saralatA se anyAnya sabhI samasyAoM kA sarvamAnya samAdhAna nikAlA jA skegaa| hakIkata meM sArI samasyAe~ caritra - sampannatA ke vAtAvaraNa meM svata: hI samAhita hotI jAtI hai| caritra sampanna vAtAvaraNa kI to yaha vizeSatA hotI hai ki samasyAe~ paidA hI nahIM hotI haiN| caritra kA abhAva hI samasyAe~ paidA karatA hai aura unakA hala nahIM nikalane detaa| mAnA jAnA cAhie ki caritra hI samAja tathA rASTra kA merUdaMDa hai| zarIra meM jo AdhAragata sthAna merUdaMDa kA hai, vahI sthAna jIvana meM caritra kA hai| 114 cAritrika patana ke kaI kAraNa ho sakate haiM, kintu unameM bar3A kAraNa hai / vyasana - vyasana bar3hate jAte haiM aura caritra giratA jAtA hai aura jIvana utanA hI nirarthaka banatA jAtA hai| adhikatara vyasana hI vyakti ko anIti, zoSaNa, asahiSNutA, anyAya, AkramaNa, apaharaNa, asAmAjikatA Adi ke mArga para le jAte haiN| jIvana se lekara jagat taka kA saundarya caritra kI ujjvalatA meM hI samAyA huA hotA hai| isa kAraNa caritra kA hrAsa usa saundarya ko kurUpatA meM badalatA rahatA hai| caritra ke hrAsa ke anya kAraNa- (1) zakti ke sAtha ahaM / (2) sampatti ke sAtha mada, aviveka evaM durbuddhi / (3) zaurya ke sAtha svacchaMdatA / (4) sammAna kI uddAma lAlasA va yazalipsA / (5) adhikAroM ke prati svArthalolupatA / (6) jJAna ke sAtha unmAda / (7) bhautika saMsAdhanoM kA AkarSaNa aadi| ye doSa jaba jIvanacaryA ke sAtha jur3a jAte haiM, taba mAnava kA caritra patana kI rAha para Age bar3hatA jAtA hai| ina kAraNoM ke sivAya kabhI-kabhI vivazatA kA zikaMjA bhI itanI kar3AI se kasa jAtA hai jo eka caritraniSTha vyakti ko

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caritra evaM samAnArtha zabdoM kI sarala subodha vyAkhyA bhI patita banA detA hai| Aja ke viSama samAja meM kaI bAra aise vivazatAjanya patana ke dRzya dekhe jA sakate haiN| anyAnya prakAra kI viSamatAoM meM Arthika viSamatA bar3I kaSTadAyaka hotI hai| eka garIba saccAI aura ImAnadArI meM pakkA vizvAsa rakhatA hai aura apane caritra ko bedAga rakhanA cAhatA hai lekina arthAbhAva meM aisI kaThina paristhiti sAmane A jAtI hai jo use apane aba taka ke sApha caritra ko girA dene ko majabUra banA detI hai| samajhie ki eka garIba kI mA~ sakhta bImAra hai aura usakI jIvana rakSA ke liye amuka sarjarI jarUrI hai| usameM hajAroM rUpaye cAhiye aura usake pAsa eka paisA bhI nhiiN| isa para vaha koI aparAdha karake Avazyaka dhana juTAtA hai to ise usakI majabUrI mAnanI hogii| eka ora jahA~ majabUrI se caritra kA hrAsa hotA hai to dUsarI ora dhanADhya vyakti madonmatta bana kara aparAdha karate haiM aura apane caritra kA patana karate haiN| caritra kI svasthatA ke liye sAmAjika viSamatAoM ko dUra karanA pahalI AvazyakatA hai| caritra vikAsa ke liye samucita dharAtala kA nirmANa jarUrI hai| caritrazIlatA ko eka satata pravahamAna nadI kA rUpa diyA jAe to saMskAra aura sadAcAra usa nadI ke donoM kinAre hoNge| saMskAra jitane sundara aura sadAcAra jitanA sudRr3ha hogA, nadI kA pravAha bhI kabhI avaruddha nahIM hogA, na hI vaha kabhI jalahIna hokara zuSka bnegii| kintu vyaktigata lipsA, sAmAjika SamatA athavA vyavasthA kI asaMgatatA ke kAraNa jaba vaiyaktika athavA sAmahika jIvana meM caritra kA hAsa hone lagatA hai to nadI kA pravAha manda hotA hai. jala sakhane lagatA hai aura vaisI dardazA meM donoM kinAre bhI bikharane lagate haiN| saMskAra aura sadAcAra jaba bikharate haiM taba vyakti kahA~ bacatA hai? caritrahIna vyakti miTaTI ke eka Dhele kI taraha bikhara kara cara-cara ho jAtA hai| caritra niSThA ke sAtha jisa vyakti evaM samAja ko maNi ke samAna damakanA cAhie vahI vyakti yA samAja caritra ke abhAva meM asta-vyasta, vizrRMkhala evaM zUnyavat bana jAtA hai| AdhyAtmika jagat meM caritra yA cAritra kI U~cAiyoM kI thAha lIjiye! jaisI ki caritra kI sAmAnya vyAkhyA dI gaI hai ki caritra azubha kAryoM se nivRtti dilA kara vyakti ko zubha kAryoM meM pravRtta karatA hai, yaha sAmAnya vyAkhyA nimnatama stara se lekara viziSTa evaM sarvocca zikhara taka bhI lAgU hotI hai- yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki azubhatA se nivRtti usakI choTI-choTI bArIkiyoM taka lI jAtI hai to zubhatA ke ati sUkSma choroM ko pravRtti kI sImA meM sammilita kiyA jAtA hai| bAhya jIvana kI sthUlatA se lekara antarjIvana kI sUkSmatA taka caritrazIlatA vyApta ho jAtI hai to usa caritrazIlatA kA svarUpa bhI gahana jJAna tathA kaThina AcAra vAlA bana jAtA hai| ___AdhyAtmika jagat meM caritra yA cAritra kI UMcAiyoM kI thAha lenA nizcaya hI Ananda evaM preraNA kA viSaya hai| jaba antasa meM Ananda paidA hotA hai to vaha andara-bAhara saba ora phaila jAtA hai| aise Ananda se eka preraNA phUTatI hai ki caritra vikAsa kI sthUlatA se hama bhI usake sUkSma kSetra meM Age bar3heM tathA una U~cAiyoM kI aura gamana karane kI ceSTA kreN| yaha paripUrNa cAritra kI paribhASA hai ki vizuddha AtmA kA vizuddha cAritra hI eka akhaMDa aura 115

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sucaritram vAstavika cAritra hai aura vahI paripUrNa hai- (ege caritte-sthAnAMga sUtra 1-44) / jIvana meM nirantara praveza karate hue doSoM ko aura unase baMdhane vAle pApa ko rokanA hai to vaha samyak cAritra ke dvArA hI saMbhava hai| cAritra ke abhAva meM doSoM se chuTakArA nahIM milatA (caritteNa nigiNhAi uttarAdhyayana 28/35) / to aise cAritra kA svarUpa kaisA hai? jaina darzana ke anusAra samyagdarzana cAritra kA mUlAdhAra hai| yaha ajJAna ko sujJAna meM, acAritra ko sucAritra meM tathA atapa ko sutapa meM parivartita kara detA hai| samyagdarzana ke pahale mithyAtva kI dazA hotI hai aura mithyAtva cAritra vikAsa kA bAdhaka hotA hai| isa darzana meM mokSa ko parama lakSya taka pahu~cane kA mArga batAyA gayA hai- samyag jJAna, samyag darzana tathA samyag cAritra kA maarg| yaha mArga hI dharma kA pratIka hai| samanvita rUpa meM yaha dharma do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai- zrutadharma aura cAritra dhrm| (duvihe dhamme paNNate, taMjahA-suyadhamme ceva caritta dhamme ceva- sthAnAMga sUtra 2-1-72) / zrutadharma meM jJAna aura darzana kA samAveza hai to cAritra dharma meM samyak cAritra kaa| ___ AdhyAtmika dRSTi se cAritra kise kaheM? cAritra vaha anuSThAna vizeSa hai jisake dvArA AtmA ko vizuddha avasthA meM sthira rakhA jA sakatA hai| vikalpa meM cAritra mohanIya karma se kSaya, upazama yA kSayopazama se hone vAle virati pariNAma ko cAritra kahA hai| parva saMcita karmoM ko jo rikta kare vaha bhI cAritra hai- (cittaM riktaM karotIti caaritrm-niyukti)| mokSAbhilASI AtmA pUrvasaMcita karmoM ko dUra karane ke liye sarvasAvadha yoga kI nivRtti karatI hai, vahI cAritra kahalAtA hai (eyaM cayarittakaraM cArittaM hoI Ahiya- uttarAdhyayana 28/33) / bhAvoM kI zuddhi ke utAra-car3hAva yA taratama bhAva kI apekSA se cAritra ke pAMca bheda haiM- (1) sAmAyika cAritra- samabhAva meM sthita rahane ke liye samasta azubha pravRttiyoM kA tyAga karanA sAmAyika cAritra hai| samabhAva kA artha hai rAga-dveSa ko ghaTAnA-miTAnA, Atmazuddhi ko prApta karanA tathA sAMsArikatA se virakti lene kA abhyAsa krnaa| isake liye hiMsAjanya yAnI sAvadha kArya kalApa chor3ane hote hai aura ahiMsaka praNAlI apanAnI hotI hai| kAlAvadhi kI dRSTi se sAmAyika cAritra ke do bheda kahe haiM- (a) itvarakAlika arthAt alpakAlika jisakI sthiti antarmuhutarta se lekara chaH mAha taka kI ho sakatI hai| (A) yAvat kathita arthAt jIvanaparyanta kI saamaayik| ise yAvat jIvana ke liye aMgIkAra karanA hotA hai| yaha dIkSAmaMtra hai| (2) chedopasthApana cAritra- isa cAritra meM pUrva paryAya kA cheda karake mahAvratoM kA punaH upasthApana-AropaNa hotA hai| yaha cAritra bharataerAvata kSetra meM pracalita hai| (3) parihAra vizuddhi cAritra-jisameM viziSTa prakAra ke tapa pradhAna AcAra kA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai vaha parihAra vizuddhi cAritra hai| ise karmoM aura doSoM kA vizeSa rUpa se parihAra karane vAlA aura karma nirjarA dvArA viziSTa vizuddhi lAne vAlA cAritra bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| isa cAritra ke do bheda haiM- (a) nirvizyA mAnaka tapa karane vAle pArihArika sAdhu aura (A) nirviSTa kAryayika tapa karake vaiyAvRtya karane vAle AnupahArika sAdhu / (4) sUkSma samparAya cAritra- jisa cAritra meM kaSAya bhAva (sAmparAya) atIva sUkSma raha jAtA hai use sUkSma sAmparAya cAritra kahate haiN| krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha rUpa kaSAyoM ke cAra prakAroM meM sirpha saMjvalana lobha kA sUkSma aMza hI isa cAritra meM zeSa rahatA hai| isake do bheda hai- (a) vizuddhayamAna- kSapaka se upazama zreNI para ArohaNa karane vAle sAdhu ke pariNAma uttarottara zuddha hote hai| (A) saMklizyamAna- upazama zreNI se 116

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caritra evaM samAnArtha zabdoM kI sarala subodha vyAkhyA girate hue sAdhu ke pariNAma saMklezayukta hote haiN| yaha cAritra dasaveM guNasthAna meM hotA hai| (5) yathAkhyAta cAritra - kaSAya kA tanika bhI udaya nahIM hone se aticAra rahita pAramArthika rUpa se prasiddha zuddha svarUpa vAlA cAritra yathAkhyAta cAritra hai| kaSAya rahita sAdhu kA yaha yathArtha niraticAra cAritra hotA hai| isa ke do bheda haiM- (a) chadmastha- gyArahave va bArahave guNasthAna meM upazAnta evaM kSINa moha rUpa caaritr| (A) kevalI- sayogI aura ayogI ke rUpa meM isa cAritra kI upalabdhi terahaveM tathA caudahaveM guNasthAna meM hotI hai| jaina mAnyatAnusAra isa pAMcave Are meM pahale ke sAmAyika aura chedopasthApana arthAt do cAritra hI pAye jAte haiN| yoM cAritra ke anyathA do bheda bhI kiye haiM- (1.) sarva virati cAritra yAnI anagAra (sAdhu) kA cAritra jisameM sampUrNa azubha kAryoM se pUrNa virati le lI jAtI hai| (2.) deza virati cAritra azubha kAryoM kI pUrNarIti se nahIM, AMzikarUpa se nivRtti lI jAtI hai, vaha dezavirati cAritra hai| yaha agAra arthAt zrAvaka cAritra kahalAtA hai| isa caritra meM do prakAra ke guNa hote haiM jo mUla guNa tathA uttaraguNa nAma se jAne jAte haiN| mUla guNa pUrNatayA pAlanIya hote haiM jinake pAlana ke binA cAritra meM patana kI sthiti utpanna hotI hai| uttara guNoM meM ullaMghana prAyAzcita se saMzodhita kiyA jA sakatA hai| cAritra kI ArAdhanA ko viziSTa mahattva diyA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai ki jo sAdhaka cAritra guNoM se hIna hai, vaha bahuta sAre zAstra par3ha lene ke pazcAt bhI saMsAra samudra meM DUba jAtA hai| (caraNa guNa vippahINo, buDDhaI subahu pi jANato- abhidhAna rAjendra koSa 6/442) / yahA~ taka kahA gayA hai ki zAstroM kA bahuta-sA adhyayana bhI caritrahIna ke liye kisa kAma kA? kyA karor3oM dIpaka jalA lene para bhI aMdhe ko koI prakAza mila sakatA hai? (subahuMpi suyamahiyaM,kiM kAhI caraNavippahANassaH aMdhassa jaha palittA, divasayasahassa koDivi- Avazyaka niyukti-98)| AtmA ke uccatama vikAsa meM jJAna sahita cAritra kA mahattva hai| antarvRtti evaM bAhya pravRtti kA darpaNa hotA hai caritra caritra aisA darpaNa hai jisameM na sirpha vyakti kI bAhya pravRttiyoM kA hI paricaya milatA hai, balki una bAhya pravRttiyoM kA maulika rUpa se saMcAlana karane vAlI antarvRttiyoM kA bhI spaSTa darzana ho jAtA hai| caritra saccaritra hai athavA duScaritra- donoM hI avasthAoM kA antavRttiyoM evaM bAhya pravRttiyoM kI parakha-parIkSA se spaSTa citraNa prApta ho jAtA hai| jaise kisI kI A~khoM meM usake dila kI jhalaka dekhI jA sakatI hai, vaise hI caritra ke saMdarbha se manuSya ke jIvana kI vAstavikatA kA jJAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| caritra nirmANa kA artha hI yaha hai ki vyakti ke caritra ko saccaritratA meM rUpAMtarita kiyA jaae| nirmANa kI prakriyA meM niSThA jamatI hai aura banI rahatI hai| caritra niSThA ke pariNAmasvarUpa mAnava AtmAnuzAsana, indriyoM para saMyama, mAnasika santulana tathA pratyeka va pratikUla paristhiti meM sama bane rahane kI kalA sIkhatA hai| yaha kalA hI jIvana kI saccI kalA hai jisake AcaraNa se jIvana meM vAstavika vikAsa evaM anupama Ananda ke sthAyI srota prasphuTita hote haiN| ___ caritra nirmANa kI mUla vizeSatA hotI hai ki azubha ke prati glAni, burAI ke prati prakampana evaM doSoM se nivRtti prabhAvaka bana jAtI hai| inake sthAna para zubha evaM acchAI ke prati svAbhAvika AkarSaNa 117

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sucaritram evaM abhiruci paidA ho jAtI hai| yaha parivartana hI mAnava ko sudRr3ha rUpa se caritraniSTha banAtA hai| caritraniSTha mAnava sarvabalI evaM sarva vijetA banatA hai, kintu isakA yaha bala manobala tathA Atmabala hotA hai aura usakI vijaya hRdaya ko jIta lene vAlI vijaya hotI hai| vaha akelA hotA huA bhI sadaiva nirbhaya rahatA hai- kisI se bhI kabhI bhayabhIta nahIM hotaa| usakA aTala vizvAsa astra-zastroM para nahIM balki apanI Atmika zakti para hotA hai| caritrabala jahA~ hai, vahA~ anya sAre bala na bhI ho taba bhI usa vyakti ke zaurya pradarzana meM koI antara nahIM AtA hai| kAraNa, usake viveka kA dIpa sadA prajvalita rahatA hai| usI ke prakAza meM vaha apanA mArga banAtA rahatA hai aura kaisI bhI paristhiti meM mArga se vicalita nahIM hotA hai| ___ yaha kheda kA viSaya hai ki bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM evaM prAptiyoM ke lobha meM Aja mAnava ko caritra nirmANa ke prati AsthA DagamagAne lagI hai| vaha anAsthA ke vRtta meM bhramita hai| kintu use caritra nirmANa ke prati punaH AsthAvAna banAnA atIva kaThina nhiiN| eka satata abhiyAna evaM Andolana ke mAdhyama se mAnava ko jagAyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki vaha jAgrata hokara hI caritrahInatA ke bhISaNa duSpariNAmoM kA sahI Akalana kara sakatA hai| kaI bAra par3he-likhe logoM ko caritrahIna hote hue dekhanA kaSTakAraka hotA hai jabaki anapar3ha loga AsAnI se caritra nirmANa kA mahattva samajha lete haiN| dekhA jAe to aNu bama tathA paramANu zastra bhI utane khataranAka nahIM hote, jitanI khataranAka caritrahInatA hotI hai| ye zastra to eka bAra vinAza karate haiM kintu caritrahInatA sadiyoM taka manuSya ko, usake saMgaThanoM ko, usake samAja aura saMsAra ko mahAvinAza kI ora dhakelatI jAtI hai| caritrahInatA hI mUla meM hotI hai jo sarvatra hiMsA, pratizodha, ghRNA, vaimanasya evaM AparAdhikatA kA rAkSasI vAtAvaraNa saba ko saMkaTagrasta banAye rakhatI hai| satyataH caritra nirmANa ke sivAya unnati, zAnti aura sukha kI aura koI rAha nhiiN| Age yA pIche isa rAha para cale binA na vyakti kA vistAra hai aura na hI vizva kaa| satya kA sAkSAtkAra zuddha caritra kI parAkASThA para hI saMbhava hai| caritra kI vyAkhyA ko samajheM, usakA vizleSaNa kareM aura zubhatA ko apanAveM! ___ caritra kI vyAkhyA ati gUr3ha bhI hai to atIva sarala bhii| saralatA ke zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki apane cAla-calana ko sudhaaro| isa meM vizleSaNa kA bhI samAveza ho jAegA aura saMzodhana kA bhii| pahale sthUlatA ko aura bAharI pravRttiyoM ko bhalIbhA~ti samajha kara cAla-calana ko tadanurUpa DhAlanA zurU kara diyA to Age bar3hane meM koI kaThinAI sAmane nahIM aavegii| cAla-calana ko sudhArane kA matalaba hI yaha hogA ki bure vicAra aura bure kAma chor3oM aura apane vicAroM tathA kAryoM ko apanI acchAI aura sabakI bhalAI meM lgaao| isase azubhatA se dUra haTane aura zubhatA ko apanAne kA viveka bhI jAga jaaegaa| isake sAtha hI caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA prArambha ho jaaegii| caritra nirmANa se caritra gaThana, usase caritrazIlatA aura caritraniSThA- phira sUkSmatA ke dvAra apane Apa khulate jAeMge aura Atmonnati ke bhii| 118

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mAnava jIvana meM AcAra vijJAna : sukha-zAMti kA rAjamArga 9

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mAnava jIvana meM AcAra vijJAna : sukha zAMti kA rAjamArga AcAra : dharma kA preraka, praharI aura prastotA jIne kI kalA vahI sIkhatA, use amala meM lAtA aura jIvana meM sukha-zAnti kA saMcAra karatA hai, jo caritra nirmANa kI dizA meM sthira gati se Age bar3hatA hai / caritra kaheM yA AcAra- yaha sAdhanA kA mArga hotA hai / AcAra ke mArga para Age bar3hane kA sabase bar3A avarodha hotA hai mAnava kA svayaM kA ahaMkAra / yogyatA upayukta hai yA nahIM athavA prApti paryApta hai yA nahIM- Aja jidhara dekheM, logoM ke sira para 'maiM' kA bhUta car3hA rahatA hai / ahaMkArI vyakti anya ko kucha samajhatA hI nahIM hai| usa ahaMkAra ke vazIbhUta hokara vaha apane adhikAroM kA atikramaNa karatA hai, apanI sImAoM ko lAMghakara dUsaroM kI sImA meM ghusatA hai aura apane sAmarthya se bAhara jAkara saba kucha karane kI socatA hai to vaise vyakti kI sukha-zAnti kyA vilIna nahIM ho jAegI? zAnti kA mArga taba milegA jaba vyakti AcAraniSTha banegA aura vaha AcAraniSTha taba banegA jaba apane ahaMkAra kA zamana kara legA / caritra nirmANa ke mArga para koI adhika tIvra gati se taba bar3ha sakatA hai jaba usake sAmane kinhIM AcAraniSTha sAdhaka kA Adarza jIvana anubhava meM 119

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sucaritram aave| aisI hI eka kahAnI hai jo Apa ko AcAraniSTha banane tathA zAnti kI rAha para khojane ke mahad kArya meM preraka bnegii| ___eka muni ke pAsa eka bAra eka bhakta phuNcaa| usane bhAvapUrvaka vandana kiyA aura kahA-mahArAja! mere mana ko zAnti prApta ho sake-aisA kucha upadeza dIjie, muni ne uttara diyA-'sunane se dekhane kA jyAdA asara hotA hai| maiM tumheM aise vyakti ke pAsa bheja rahA hU~ jinake jIvana kI jhalaka pA kara tumheM zAnti kA mArga mila jaaegaa|' bhakta prasanna haA. bolA-'ve Adarza puruSa kauna haiM? maiM zIghra unakI sevA meM pahu~ca jAnA cAhatA huuN|' muni ne amuka nagara ke nagara seTha kA nAma batAyA aura unake pAsa pahu~cane kA nirdeza diyaa| ___bhakta zIghrAtizIghra nagara seTha ke vahA~ pahu~ca gayA, usane unase nivedana kiyA-amuka muni mahArAja ne use unake pAsa bhejA hai| kRpA karake mujhe zAnti kA mArga btlaaie| seTha ne usa bhakta ko eka pArakhI daSTi se Upara se nIce taka dekhA aura kahA-tama yahA~ kacha dina mere sAtha raho aura saba kacha dekhate rho| bhakta kacha dina vahAM rahA aura jo kucha usakI A~khoM ke Age ghaTatA-gajaratA vaha rucipUrvaka dekhatA rhtaa| seTha ne bhI usake bAda kaI dinoM taka na kucha pUchA aura na apanI ora se use kucha khaa| seTha to rAta-dina apane kAma dhaMdhe meM juTe rhte| unake vahA~ saiMkar3oM vyApArI Ate-jAte aura munIma gumAzte Dhera sAre bahI khAte likhate rahate aura seTha saba meM vyasta rhte| dekhate-dekhate bhakta ghabarA gayA, socane lagA ki jo svayaM rAta dina mAyA ke cakkara meM pha~sA hai aura jise palabhara kI bhI zAnti nahIM hai, bhalA vaha use kyA zAnti kA mArga batAegA? muni ne mujhe binA soce samajhe kahA~ bheja diyA? ___ eka dina seTha apanI gaddI para baiThA thA aura bhakta bhI pAsa hI meM baiThA thaa| tabhI eka munIma ghabarAyA huA AyA aura bolA-seTha sAhaba! gajaba ho gyaa| amuka jahAja jisameM apanA dasa lAkha kA mAla ladA huA thA aba taka bhI vaha bandaragAha para nahIM pahuMcA hai| patA calA hai ki samudrI tUphAna meM pha~sakara jahAja kahIM DUba gayA hai| seTha ne gaMbhIratA pUrvaka kahA-munIma jI! zAnta rho| ghabarAte kyoM ho? DUba gayA to kyA huA? kyA yaha anahonI hai? prayatna karane para bhI DUbane se jahAja ko nahIM bacAyA jA sakA to nahIM bacAyA jA skaa| aba bikhare hue dUdha para ghabarAnA kaisA? ___ usa vArtAlApa ko kucha hI dina bIte the ki eka dina phira munIma jI daur3e-daur3e Ae aura khuzI se nAcate hue se bole-seTha sAhaba! bhArI khuzakhabarI hai| jisa jahAja ko hama DUba gayA samajha rahe the, vaha aba sahI salAmata bandaragAha para paha~ca gayA hai| hamArA mAla utarane se pahale hI dagane bhAva meM bika gayA jisase hameM dasa kI bajAya bIsa lAkha kI dhanarAzi prApta ho gaI hai| seTha taba bhI zAnta rahevaise hI gaMbhIra / seTha ne usI pahale jaise zAnta mana se kahA-aisI kyA bAta ho gaI? anahonI to kucha nahIM hai| phira phAlatU meM phUlanA aura khuzI se nAcanA kaisA? hAni-lAbha to apane bhAgya se juDe hue haiM, hama kyoM isake pIche kabhI roeM aura kabhI ha~seM? bhakta ne yaha saba dekhA to vaha stabdha raha gyaa| dasa lAkha kI hAni taba bhI zAnti aura bIsa lAkha 120

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mAnava jIvana meM AcAra vijJAna : sukha zAMti kA rAjamArga kA lAbha taba bhI zAnti-kyA yahI zAnti to seTha kI parama upalabdhi nahIM hai? usakA antaHkaraNa prabuddha ho uThA - seTha ke arntasvarUpa kA darzana karake jaise vaha dhanya ho gyaa| socane lagA-seTha ko kahIM bhI na ahaMkAra chUtA hai aura na dainya / yaha gRhastha hai yA parama yogI / vaha vigalita hokara seTha ke caraNoM meM loTa gayA, kahane lagA- jisa zAnti kI khoja meM muni mahArAja ne mujhe yahA~ bhejA thA, vaha zAnti mujhe yahA~ sAkSAt mila gaI hai / zAnti kaise prApta ho sakegI isakA gurumaMtra mujhe Apase prApta ho gayA hai| seTha ne kahA-jisa guru ne tumheM yahA~ bhejA, unhIM guru ke upadeza se hI mujhe aisA zAnti kA mArga milA hai| maiMne kabhI bhI apane bhAgya para ahaMkAra nahIM kiyA, na mujhe hInatA kA bodha huA / mere AcAra meM yaha satya samA gayA ki hAni-lAbha ke isa cakra meM maiM koI karttA nahIM hU~, basa nimitta mAtra hU~ - vizva meM gati cakra kI bahuta bar3I mazIna kA kevala eka choTA sA purjaa| isa kAraNa na mujhe ahaMkAra hotA hai aura na hI hInatA yA zoka kA anubhava / apane Apako saba kucha kara sakane vAlA karttA mAna lene kA jo ahaMkAra hai, vahI AcAra niSThatA athavA caritra nirmANa kA sabase bar3A zatru hai aura isa Atma zatru se vijaya prApta karane ke lie samasvabhAva ko DhAlanA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa hai| yahI bAta uparokta dRSTAMta se siddha hotI hai / AcAra bhAratIya cintana kA mUla kendra aura vahI saMskRti kA prANa bhAratIya saMskRti dharma pradhAna rahI hai aura dharma kA prANa hotI hai, use pAne ke lie kI jAne vAlI saadhnaa| sAdhanA eka paddhati hotI hai jisa kA AdhAra hotA hai aacaar|' AcAra bhAratIya cintana kA mUla kendra rahA hai / yahI mUla kendra saMskRti aura usake mAdhyama se samAja ko prANavAna banAtA hai| ataH AcAra ko hI dharma kA preraka, praharI aura prastotA mAnanA hogaa| isa AcAra sAdhanA ke bala para hI mAnA gayA ki moha sAtha na ho taba bhI akele hI dharma kA AcaraNa karanA cAhie (ege carejja dhammaabhidhAna rAjendra koSa 1/544 ) / yahI bAta upaniSadoM meM bhI kahI gaI hai ki dharma para calo ( dharma cara) / tathAgata buddha ne bhI AcAra ko prAthamikatA dI hai| AcAra ke niyamoM kI vyAkhyAe~ vibhinna ho sakatI hai aura sabhI AcAra paddhati kA vizleSaNa alaga kara sakate haiM kintu isa satya ko mAnane meM koI vivAda nahIM hai ki AcAra hI zreSTha dharma hai| jainAgamoM meM kahA gayA hai ki AcAra hI pahalA dharma hai (AyAro paDhamo dhammo ) / manusmRti meM bhI yaha mAnyatA puSTa huI hai ki AcAra pahalA dharma hai aura vaha manuSyoM ke lie kalyANakArI hai ( AcAraH prathamo dharmo, nRNAM zreyaskaro mahAn) / isa dRSTi se bhAratIya paramparA meM AcAra kA jo vyApaka evaM viziSTa vivecana milatA hai, vaisA anyatra kahIM bhI nahIM miltaa| bhAratIya sAdhanA kI hara sAMsa jaise AcAra kI sAMsa hotI hai aura pratyeka caraNa AcAra kA caraNa hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhArata meM cAhe vyaktigata jIvana ho yA pArivArika jIvana, sAmAjika jIvana ho yA dhArmika jAvana - sarvatra hI AcAra kI mahimA gAI jAtI hai - AcAra kA svara mukharita hotA hai| vAstavikatA bhI yaha hai ki mAnava jIvana meM paga-paga para aura usase saMbaMdhita vividha sAdhanAoM meM AcAra kA yogadAna sarvopari hotA hai| yaha AcAra hI hai jo jIvana ko saumya, nirabhimAnI, nirmala, sAtvika tathA sarvAMgapUrNa banAtA hai / AcAra sAdhanA aisI divya sAdhanA hai jisake bala para gRhastha aura 121

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sucaritram sAdhu samAna rUpa se apane-apane jIvana meM paripUrNatA prApta kara sakate haiN| AcAra saMsAra ke vyavahAra ko bhI saMvAratA hai to AdhyAtmika jIvana ko bhI mukti ke dvAra taka pahu~cA detA hai| saca yaha hai ki AcAra samagra sAdhanA kA mUlAdhAra hotA hai| vastutaH vizva ke pratyeka dharma, sampradAya athavA samAja meM AcAra kI apanI-apanI paramparAe~ haiM tathA usakI AvazyakatA evaM upayogitA para pUrA-pUrA bala diyA gayA hai, parantu jaina dharma meM AcAra ke svarUpa, bheda-prabheda, sAdhanA prakriyA Adi ko lekara jitanA sUkSma evaM gaMbhIra cintana kiyA gayA hai utanA anya dharmoM meM virala hI hai| AcAra para jaina manISiyoM ne na kevala cintana hI kiyA apitu use apane jIvana meM utArane hetu vizeSa bala bhI diyaa| isI kAraNa jaina zramaNa saMskRti kI AcAra saMhitA atyadhika kaThoratama hai| mAnava jIvana kI lakSya sAdhanA kA mUlAdhAra hai AcAra mAnava buddhi sampanna prANI hai, isa kAraNa usake pratyeka kArya ke pIche kucha na kucha prayojana avazya hotA hai| usake pAsa buddhi se vicAra tathA vicAra se nirNaya kI viziSTa zakti hotI hai jisakI sahAyatA se vaha choTe-moTe prayojana nahIM, apane samagra jIvana ke lakSya kA bhI nirdhAraNa karatA hai| lakSya kA abhiprAya yaha ki AcAra kI dizA se vaha bhaTake nahIM aura lakSya kI ora nirantara bar3hatA hI jaae| jaba jIvana kA lakSya nirdhArita hotA hai to usakI prApti kA mArga bhI nizcita kiyA jAtA hai| sAdhya ke sAtha sAdhanoM kA tAlamela jarUrI hai| ataH sampUrNa jJAna kA prayoga hotA hai sAdhya ko samajhane meM tathA usakI upalabdhi ke lie AcAra para dhyAna kendrita kiyA jAtA hai| yoM mAnava jIvana kI lakSya sAdhanA kA mUlAdhAra hotA hai-aacaar| cintanIya viSaya yaha hai ki mAnava jIvana kA lakSya kyA hai? laukika dRSTi se bhI aura AdhyAtmika dRSTi se bhI? yo laukika tathA AdhyAtmika dRSTiyoM meM jo bheda kiyA jAtA hai vaha na to samucita hai aura na hI svaabhaavik| jIvana ko khaMDoM meM vibhAjita karake dekhanA hitakAraka nhiiN| jIvana ko samagra rUpa meM dekhanA cAhie aura usakI samagratA yaha hai ki mAnava saMsAra meM janma letA hai, saMsAra ke hI vAtAvaraNa meM bar3A hotA hai, saMsAra kI miTTI se hI jJAna aura AcAra ke pATha sIkhatA hai tathA isI saMsAra meM apane jIvana ko unnati ke carama zikhara taka bhI le jAne kI kSamatA rakhatA hai| nara se hI nArAyaNa kA tathA AtmA se paramAtmA kA svarUpa samakSa AtA hai| ataH isa mAnava jIvana kA lakSya bhI eka hI honA caahie| __ mAnava jIvana kA lakSya mokSa hai| yaha lakSya prAraMbhika bhI hai aura parama bhI yAnI AraMbhika bhI aura antima bhii| mokSa kA sIdhA sAdA artha hai chuttkaaraa| manuSya chuTakArA cAhatA hai apriya evaM ahitakArI sthiti se| aisI sthiti meM chuTakArA pAne kI manodazA kyA mAnava jIvana meM paga-paga para paidA nahIM hotI? saba anubhava karate hoMge ki kabhI kisI sthiti meM aura kabhI anya sthiti se manuSya apanA chuTakArA cAhatA hai| aise mokSa kA abhilASI vaha hamezA banA rahatA hai| aba mokSa ke viSaya meM jo AdhyAtmika mAnyatA hai, vaha usakA eka antima chora hai to dUsarA chora yahIM para saMsAra meM hai| saMsAra ke 122

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mAnava jIvana meM AcAra vijJAna : sukha zAMti kA rAjamArga chora ko pakar3a kara hI antima chora taka pahu~cA jA skegaa| saMsAra meM jaba bhI jahA~ bhI kisI burAI kA sAmanA ho to usase chuTakArA pAne kA prayAsa mokSa hetu kiyA jAne vAlA prayAsa hI mAnA jAnA cAhie / mokSa kI AdhyAtmika vyAkhyA usakA antima chora hai| isa antima chora ko hI pakar3e rakheM aura dUsarI ora ke chora ko chueM bhI nahIM to kyA antima chora hameM tAra degA? donoM choroM ko thAme rakhane se hI sakala mokSa ho skegaa| isa dRSTi se sabhI mAnavoM ke lie mokSa cAhie aura vaha sirpha anta meM hI nahIM cAhie balki jIvanAraMbha se hI cAhie / ataH mokSa ko mAnava jIvana kA lakSya mAnanA sarvathA samucita hai / antima mokSa prApti ke lie jaina AcAra paddhati meM trividha sAdhana batAe gae haiM, jo haiMsamyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra ( samyagdarzana jJAna cAritrANi mokSamArgaH tattvArtha sUtra 1/1-umAsvAti ) / yahI samUce jaina darzana kA mUla hai| jJAna aura darzana kI apane-apane sthAna para mahattA hai kintu cAritra ke binA inakI sArthakatA nahIM hai / isa dRSTi se cAritra yAnI AcAra ko mokSa kA pradhAna kAraNa kahA gayA hai ( tasmAt cAritrameva pradhAna mukti kAraNaM - abhidhAna rAjendra koSa 6/337)| to siddha huA ki mAnava jIvana kI sakala lakSya sAdhanA kA mUlAdhAra hai- aacaar| AcAra hI * jIvana kA mukuTa hai jisakI mahimA acintya hai / AcAra jIvana kA darpaNa hai jisake dvArA pratyeka vyakti ke jIvana ko dekhA parakhA jA sakatA hai aura AcAra sAdhanA se use unnata banAyA jA sakatA hai / AcAra samagra jIvana ko sundara, sundaratara evaM sundaratama banAtA hai / AcAra ko vijJAna ke rUpa meM dekhanA aura samajhanA hai to jaina sAhitya kA gaMbhIra cintana manana karanA hogaa| svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana AcAra kA sAkSAt jIvanta svarUpa hai / AcAra mAnava kI zreSThatA athavA nikRSTatA kA eka tharmAmITara hai / AcAra zabda kA artha itanA vyApaka aura vizAla hai ki usameM jIvana ko nimnatama stara se uccatama zikhara taka pahu~cAne vAle samagra sAdhanoM kA samAveza hotA hai| bhAratIya RSi maharSi isa bAta para ekamata haiM ki indriyoM ke viSaya-upabhoga se vAstavika Ananda nahIM miltaa| jo Ananda milane kA AbhAsa hotA hai vaha bhI kSaNika aura duHkhAnta rUpa hotA hai| isalie saccA aura sthAI Ananda to AcAra arthAt AcaraNa se hI prApta hotA hai kyoMki vaha svecchA se apanAyA jAtA hai| yaha nirvivAda satya hai ki bhAratIya saMskRti meM AcAra kA sthAna sadA U~cA rahA, rahatA hai aura rahegA, kyoMki AcAra hI mAnava jIvana kI samagra lakSya sAdhanA kA mUlAdhAra hai| AcAra vijJAna kA bahuAyAmI svarUpa : mUlya evaM mUlyAMkana dharma sAhitya meM AcAra kI vibhinna paribhASAe~ milatI haiM, kintu abhidhAna rAjendra koSa meM AcAra zabda kI paribhASA aura artha ke bAre meM samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa apanAte hue kahA gayA hai anuSThAna athavA pravRtti mokSa ke lie ho yA jo AcaraNa yA vyavahAra ahiMsA Adi dharma se sammata evaM zAstra vihita ho vaha AcAra hai (AcAro mokSArthamanuSThAna vizeSaH zAstra vihito vyavahAraH iti - 2 / 368 ) / athavA pUrva puruSoM ke dvArA Acarita jJAnAdi Asevana vidhi AcAra kahI jAtI hai to 123

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sucaritram dUsarI ora guNavRddhi ke lie kiyA jAne vAlA AcaraNa hI AcAra kahalAtA hai (AcaraNaM AcAraH, Acarayete iti vA'cAraH, pUrvapuruSA carite jJAnAdya sevnvidhau| Acarayete guNavRddhaye ityaacaar:2/368)| AcAra zabda kA bhinna-bhinna arthoM meM bhI prayoga huA hai, yathA (a) jJAnAcArAdi paMcavidha AcAroM meM maryAdA pUrvaka calane ke artha meM, (A) sAdhu samAcArI ke viSaya meM kie jAne vAle AcaraNa ke artha meM, (i) jJAnAdi Avesana rUpa anuSThAna vizeSa ke artha meM (I) zrutajJAnAdi viSaya Asevana rUpa anuSThAna vizeSa jo kAla adhyayana Adi meM kie jAne vAle AcaraNa ke artha meM, (u) sAdhuoM dvArA Acarita jJAnAdi Asevana vidhi ke artha meM, (U) anuSThAna vizeSa ke artha meM kiyA jAne vAlA AcaraNa (2/368) / isa prakAra AcAra zabda kA vyavahAra aneka arthoM meM huA hai| AcAra ke artha rUpa meM inakA bhI ullekha hai-AtmaciMtana, AjJApAlana, AtmavizvAsa, Ananda dene vAlA athavA AtmasaMyama, Atma-jAgRti, Atma-nirbharatA tathA Atma-AlocanA kA prdaataa| AcAra kA vargIkaraNa bhI vividha prakAra se hai| AcAra nikSepa cAra prakAra kA hai-(1) nAmAcAranAma (2) sthApanAcAra-sthApanA (3) dravyAcAra-nAmana, dhAvana, vAsana, zikSApana aura (4) bhAvAcAradarzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa aura vIrya / AcAra pAMca prakAra kA bhI hai-(1) jJAnAcAra-naye jJAna kI prApti evaM prApta jJAna kI rakSA-ATha upabheda-kAlAcAra, vinayAcAra, bahumAnAcAra, upadhAnAcAra, anivAcAra, vyaMjanAcAra, arthAcAra aura tdubhyaacaar| (2) darzanAcAra-samyaktva kI zuddha ArAdhanA-ATha upabhedaniHzaMkita, ni:kAMkSita, nirvicikitsA, amUDhadRSTi, upavRMhaNa, sthirIkaraNa, vAtsalya aura prbhaavnaa| (3) cAritrAcAra-sarvasAvadha yoga nivRtti meM pAMca samiti aura tIna gupti rUpa-pAMca prakAra-sAmAyika, chedopasthApanIya, parihAravizuddhi, sUkSma samparAya evaM yathAkhyAta / (4) tapAcAra-icchA nirodha rUpa tapa kA sevana-bAraha bheda-anazana, UnodarI, vRtti saMkSepa, rasa parityAga, kAyakleza, pratisaMlInatA (bAhya) prAyazcitta vinaya, vaiyAvRtya, svAdhyAya, kAyotsarga evaM dhyAna (aabhyntr)| (5) vIryAcAra-cAroM AcAroM ke pAlana meM Atmazakti kA upayoga-chattIsa bheda yAnI cAroM AcAroM ke kula bhed| kyA AcAra hai aura kyA anAcAra hai? isake svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie kahA gayA hai ki atikrama, vyaktikrama, aticAra aura anAcAra ke doSoM se saMyukta hone para AcAra kA svarUpa anAcAramaya ho jAtA hai| AcAra kA abhAva anAcAra hotA hai| AcAra tathA anAcAra ke lie AcIrNa aura anAcIrNa zabdoM kA bhI prayoga haA hai| cAra AcIrNa batAe gae haiM-dravyAcIrNa. kSetrAcIrNa, kAlAcIrNa aura bhaavaaciirnn| AcAra ko eka mahAn nidhi batAyA gayA hai jise nAma diyA gayA hai-AcAra praNidhi arthAt AcAra kI utkRSTa nidhi| jisa sAdhaka ko yaha praNidhi prApta ho jAtI hai, usake jIvana kA kAyAkalpa ho jAtA hai| usakA pratyeka vyavahAra vivekayukta hotA hai| saMkSepa meM isa praNidhi kI tIna upalabdhiyA~ haiM-(1) kaSAya-viSaya Adi se apanI rakSA karane aura karma zatruoM ko harAne meM vaha sAdhaka samartha ho jAtA hai| (2) Aga meM tape sone ke samAna vaha pUrvakRta karmoM ke maila se rahita bana jAtA hai| (3) abhrapaTala mukta candramA kI bhAMti vaha karma paTala mukta siddhAtmA bana jAtA hai| isI prakAra AcAra samAdhi kA bhI amita mahattva hai| jisa AcAra ke dvArA AtmA kA hita hotA ho vaha hai 124

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mAnava jIvana meM AcAra vijJAna : sukha zAMti kA rAjamArga AcAra samAdhi / AcAra samAdhi ke pAlana meM ye cAra uddezya nahIM hone cAhie - ( 1 ) ihalaukika uddezya na ho- sAMsArika svArtha sAdhanA kI kAmanA na rhe| (2) pAralaukika uddezya bhI na ho ki svarga ke bhogopabhoga mile| (3) kIrti, prazaMsA, prasiddhi yA stuti prazasti kA bhI uddezya na ho tathA (4) vItarAga pada prApti ke uddezya ke sivAya anya koI bhI uddezya na ho| aisA karane para hI AcAra se saccI zAnti evaM saccA sukha prApta hotA hai| saca kaheM to AcAra vijJAna mAnava jIvana ke lie sukhazAnti kA rAjamArga hai / mAnava jIvana meM AcAra vijJAna kA kyA mUlya hai tathA usakA aMkana kisa rUpa meM kiyA jAnA cAhie - isake lie vicAraNA kI gaharAI meM utaranA caahie| AcAra to jIvana meM abhivyakta hotA hai| aura vaha jIvana ke vibhinna rUpAntaroM meM spaSTa dikhAI detA hai yadi use dekhane kI pArakhI dRSTi ho / AcAra to parama dharma hai aura jo dharma vyavahAra meM dikhAI de, use zabdoM meM kaise spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai? jisa prakAra vijJAna prayogasiddha hotA hai, vaise hI AcAra bhI prayogasiddha hotA hai isI kAraNa AcAra vijJAna batAyA gayA hai| vijJAna ke lie varNana nahIM, prayoga hI mahattvapUrNa hotA hai| zabda vijJAna kA sahI mUlyAMkana nahIM kara sakate, tadanusAra AcAra kA bhI zAbdika mUlyAMkana upayukta nahIM hogA / AcAra to jIvana meM jiyA jAtA hai jo janma se hI prAraMbha ho jAtA hai| phira AcAra paga-paga para sIkhA bhI jAtA hai, samajhA bhI jAtA hai aura apanAyA bhI jAtA hai| AcAra kisI eka darzana kI bapautI nahIM, vaha to pratyeka jAgarUka vyakti kI antarAnubhUti meM prakaTa hone vAlA sAmarthya hai| AcAra jaba jIvana meM praveza pA letA hai taba jIvana meM eka nayA AyAma khula jAtA hai, eka navIna anubhUti antaHkaraNa ko sparza karane lagatI hai| vahA~ zabda aura bhASA donoM mauna ho jAte haiM aura AcaraNa kI vANI itanI mukharita ho uThatI hai ki usakA sadprabhAva sabako naI preraNA dene lagatA hai| AcAra kA yahI jIvanta, jAgRta tathA zAzvata svarUpa hai jo sArvajanIna hai, sArvabhaumika hai tathA sArvakAlika hai| vizva kI sabhI sAdhanA paddhatiyA~ isa satya ko svIkAra karatI haiM / zramaNAcAra meM AcAra ke utkRSTa svarUpa kA darzana hotA hai! uttara vaidika kAla meM do saMskRtiyA~ ativikhyAta rahI- eka zramaNa saMskRti aura dUsarI mANa saMskRti / inameM zramaNa saMskRti AcAra-pradhAna saMskRti rahI hai| AcAra hI zramaNa saMskRti kI mUlabhUta AtmA hai aura zramaNa saMskRti kA mUla AdhAra hai ' zramaNa' / zramaNa kA prAkRta rUpa hai 'samaNa', jisakA artha hai zrama karanA arthAt apane hI zrama dvArA svayaM kA vikaas| manuSya apane utkarSa yA apakarSa ke lie svayaM uttaradAyI hotA hai| AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke kSetra meM jo vyakti svayaM ke zrama se karma bandhana tor3atA hai athavA svayaM ko karmamukta banAtA hai, vaha zramaNa hai| apane mokSa ke lie zramaNa sva ke atirikta anya kisI se koI apekSA nahIM rkhtaa| usakA eka mAtra Adarza hotA hai - kaThora sAdhanA aura zrama zramaNa kI eka zAstrIya vyAkhyA hai ki jo parISahoM ko sahatA huA athavA madhyastha bhAva kA avalambana letA huA sAdhanA mArga meM kuzalajanoM ke sAtha rahatA hai, jo sabhI ko sukha priya hai, du:kha apriya hai - aisA samajha kara trasa yA sthAvara kisI bhI jIva ko paritApa, saMkleza yA pIr3A nahIM 125

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sucaritram pahu~cAtA hai tathA pRthvI kI bhAMti saba prakAra ke parISahoM ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahatA hai, vaha mahAmuni 'zramaNa' yA zreSTha zramaNa kahA jAtA hai (uvehamANo kusalehiM saMvase, akaMtadukkhA tasathAvarAduhI: alUsae savvasahe mahAmuNI, tahAdi se sussamaNe samAhie-AcAraMga 2/16) / tAtparya yaha hai ki zramaNa tapa, tyAga, saMyama, parISaha Adi kI agni meM tapa kara arthAt svayaM ke kaThora parizrama se AtmA ko mukta kara 'zramaNa' nAma ko sArthaka karatA hai| __ zramaNa ke samagra AcAra ko suvyavasthita rUpa dene hetu usake do bhAga kie jA sakate haiM-(1) sAmAnya zramaNAcAra se sambandhita vicAra tathA (2) vizeSa zramaNAcAra se sambandhita vicAra / yoM donoM meM koI bhinnatA nahIM hai tathA donoM kA hetu Atmazuddhi hI hai| jo AcAra niyama zramaNa-zramaNI ke jIvana meM nitya prati AcaraNIya hote haiM, vaha sAmAnya zramaNAcAra hai| isake antargata ina pahaluoM kA samAveza kiyA jA sakatA hai-(1) pAMca mahAvrata evaM unakI paccIsa bhAvanAe~-ahiMsA. satya. asteya, brahmacarya evaM aprigrh| (2) pAMca samitiyA~-IryA samiti (uThane baiThane calane Adi kA viveka) bhASA samiti (bhASA viveka. asatya aura mizra bhASA kA tyAga kara satya va vyavahAra bhASA kA prayoga) eSaNA samiti (AhAra, vastra, pAtra Adi kI gavaiSaNa khoja-sadoSa AhAra na leM) AdAna nikSepaNa samiti (upakaraNoM, vastuoM Adi ko uThAne-rakhane meM samyak pravRtti va viveka) pariSThApanikA samiti (mala, mUtra, zleSma Adi kA ekAnta, nirdoSa, niravadya evaM nirjIva bhUmi meM vivekapUrvaka vyutsrjn)| (3) tIna gupti-manogupti (mana kI cacalatA kA gopana tathA kutsita saMkalpoM se nivRtti) vacana gupti (sadoSa vANI ko tyAga vANI saMyama kA pAlana, vacana vizuddhi rahe) kAya gupti (zArIrika pravRttiyoM kI zuddhi va kAyika saMyama) (4) bAraha anuprekSAe~ yA bhAvanAe~-anitya, azaraNa, saMsAra, ekatva, anyatva, azuci, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, lokasvarUpa, bodhi durlabha evaM dhrm| (5) dasa vidha muni dharma (naitika sadguNa)-kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, zauca, satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, akiMcanya aura brhmcry| ye paMca mahAvratoM ke upazAmaka haiN| (6) avagraha yAcanA arthAt AjJA mA~gane sambandhI AcAra-AhAra, vastra, pAtra, zayyA (pITha, phalaka, upAzrayAdi) tathA saMstAraka Adi saMyama sAdhanA meM sahAyaka upakaraNoM ke lie gRhastha se AjJA kA vidhAna / tRNa jaisI tuccha vastu kA AjJA se hI grahaNa hotA hai| sAdhu adatta padArtha grahaNa nahIM krtaa| (7) indriya nigraha-rAgadveSa yA AsaktipUrvaka acche bure zabdoM, dRzyoM yA indriya viSayoM ke sevana kA prayatna yA saMkalpa karane kA tathA tad hetu gamanAgamana karane kA niSedha tAki svAdhyAya dhyAna Adi meM vighna na aae| (8) para kriyA aura anyAnya kriyA sambandhI AcAra-gRhastha dvArA kI jAne vAlI sevA kA niSedha / sAmAnya sthiti meM sAdhu-sAdhu ke bIca tathA sAdhvI-sAdhvI ke bIca bhI sevA zuzrUSA kA nissedh| (9) cAturmAsa evaM mAsakalpa-cAturmAsa meM tathA anyathA Thaharane yogya sthAna Adi kA vivrnn| vizeSa zramaNAcAra una niyamoM kA nAma hai jinakA zramaNa-zramaNI vizeSa prasaMgoM para apane pUrvasaMcita karmoM kI vizeSa rUpa se nirjarA karane ke lie kar3AI se pAlana karate haiM, yathA-kaThoratama tapa, dhyAna, samAdhi kI sAdhanA jo ati kaSTapUrNa hotI hai| ye sAdhanAe~ sAmAnya sAdhaka ke lie ati kaThina hotI hai| vizeSa zramaNa hI ghora parISahoM para vijaya pA sakate haiN| isI prakAra vizeSa avasaroM para vividha prakAra 126

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mAnava jIvana meM AcAra vijJAna : sukha zAMti kA rAjamArga ke abhigrahoM ke sAtha tapa kA Asevana karanA bhI vizeSa sAdhvAcAra hai| sAdhanA ko pUrNataH saphala banAne hetu samAdhimaraNa (saMthArA) rUpa AcAra kA pAlana karanA bhI zramaNa kI eka viziSTa caryA hai| vizeSa zramaNAcAra ke antargata pradhAna rUpa se tIna bAtoM para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai (1) tapa - zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke cAritrika nikhAra. daDha AtmasaMyama tathA antarzaddhi heta tapazcaryA kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai| tapa eka prakAra kI agni hai, jisake dvArA purAne karmoM ko zIghra hI bhasmIbhUta kiyA jA sakatA hai (AcArAMga 1-4-3) / samyag jJAna rUpI cakSu ke dhAraka muni ke dvArA karma rUpI maila ko dUra karane ke lie jo tapA jAtA hai, use tapa kahate haiM (pdynndiviNshtikaa)| bAhya tapa ke chaH tathA Abhyantara tapa ke bhI chaH, yoM tapa ke kula bAraha bheda hote haiM-anazana, UnodarI yA avamodarya, vRtti parisaMkhyAna yA bhikSAcarI, rasaparityAga, kAyakleza, saMlInatA yA vivikta zayyAsana (bAhya) tathA prAyazcitta, vinaya, vaiyAvRtya, svAdhyAya, dhyAna va kAyotsarga (aabhyntr)| (2) parISaha-jo sahA jAe, vaha parISaha hai| zramaNa sAdhanA kA mukhya lakSya hai-samatva, jise gItA meM samatva yoga kahA hai| isa samatva ko bhaMga karane vAlI aneka anukUla-pratikUla, bAdhAoM, kaSToM yA paristhitiyoM kA sAdhusAdhviyoM ko sAmanA karanA par3atA hai jo unake lie kasauTiyA~ kahI jAtI haiN| ina kasauTiyoM para kharA utarane vAlA sAdhaka hI anAsakta aura saphala kahalAtA hai| yoM to parISaha aneka ho sakate haiM kintu AcAra meM sAmAnya rUpa se bAIsa parISahoM kA ullekha hai-kSudhA, pipAsA, zIta, USNa, daMsamasaka, nAgnya (acela yA alpa vastratva) arati, strI, caryA, niSadyA, zayyA, Akroza, vadha, yAcanA, alAbha, roga, tRNa sparza, mala, satkAra-puraskAra, prajJA, ajJAna tathA adarzana / samabhAva se ina parISahoM ko sahane karane kA zramaNAcAra meM nirdeza diyA gayA hai| (3) samAdhi-samAdhimaraNa bhI eka kalA hai| isa rUpa meM jaina sAdhanA AnandapUrvaka jIne kI sAdhanA hai| AcAra maryAdAoM meM Abaddha jIvana jIne kI kalA bhI sikhalAtA hai to marane kI kalA bhii| maraNa bhI eka prakAra kI bandhana mukti hai| mala-mUtra mukti se jaise koI rAhata kI sAMsa letA hai aura moha mukti se bhI anta:karaNa meM tRpti kA anubhava hotA hai to deha makti kA bhI apanA Ananda honA hI caahie| lekina mRtyu svayaM nahIM, balki mRtyu kA bhaya prANiyoM ko adhika bhayabhIta karatA hai| isa bhaya se mukta hone kA zreSTha upAya hai samAdhi maraNa arthAt mRtyu ko saharSa nimaMtraNa denA, mana ko pahale hI mRtyu-bhaya se mukta kara denaa| saba jAnate haiM ki jIvana kA avazyaMbhAvI anta mRtyu hai phira bhI isase sabako bhIti lagatI hai aura mRtyu bhaya sabase bar3A bhaya mAnA jAtA hai| aise meM mRtyu ko jIvanamaya banA dene kA samAdhikaraNa kA upakrama advitIya hai| vahI sAdhaka saphala mAnA jAtA hai jo marane kI kalA meM bhI niSNAta ho jAtA hai| vaha mRtyuMjaya kahalAtA hai| samAdhi maraNa se sAdhaka karma kSaya kartA bana sakatA hai aura vaha mRtyu usa ke lie kalyANa prada hotI hai| (AcArAMga 1/8/8) / AcAra vijJAna ke rasAyana rUpa haiM sarva zuddhAcArI pAMca vrata hindU dharma meM veda, jaina dharma meM aMga Agama, bauddha dharma meM tripiTika, IsAI dharma meM bAIbila, islAma dharma meM kurAna, pArasI dharma meM avestA Adi apanI-apanI AcAra paddhati ke pramukha srota haiN| aMga (dvAdaza) AgamoM meM AcArAMga sUtra AcAra ke vibhinna pahaluoM para prakAza DAlane vAlA sArapUrNa 127

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sucaritram srota hai / sampUrNa jaina sAhitya ko cAra anuyogoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai, jo isa prakAra hai- (1) dravyAnuyoga tAttvika, dArzanika tathA karma siddhAnta viSayaka graMtha, (2) gaNitAnuyoga - bhUgola, gaNita va jyotiSa viSayaka graMtha, (3) dharma kathAnuyoga - AkhyAnAtmaka kalA sAhitya evaM ( 4 ) caraNa karaNAnuyoga- zramaNoM va zrAvakoM ke AcAra se saMbaMdhita graMtha / caraNa kA artha AcAra se liyA jAtA hai tathAcaraNa karaNa kA dUsarA nAma hI AcAra vijJAna hai| AcAra vijJAna prayoga tathA AcaraNa se mAnava jIvana ke sAtha sadA jur3A rahatA hai| caraNa karaNAnuyoga ke pradhAna stambha pA~ca vrata haiM - (1) ahiMsA, (2) satya, (3) asteya, (4) brahmacarya tathA (5) aparigraha / pAlana karane kI dRSTi se ina pAMca vratoM ko 'mahA' tathA 'deza' rUpa do vibhAga kie gae haiN| mahAvrata zramaNa- zramaNiyoM ke lie pAlanIya hote haiM aura samagra rUpa se pAlana ke kAraNa ye pAMcoM mahAvrata kahalAte haiM, kintu zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM (gRhasthoM) ke lie inake AMzika pAlana kA vidhAna hai jisase ye pAMcoM vrata dezavrata yA aNuvrata kahalAte haiN| Azaya yaha hai ki ina pAMca vratoM kI bhAvanA sampUrNa mAnava samudAya meM vyApta rahanI cAhie aura pAlana apanI-apanI kSamatA ke anusAra kiyA jaae| isa prakAra ye pAMcoM vrata zramaNAcAra tathA zrAvakAcAra donoM prakAra kI AcAra praNAliyoM ke lie mUlabhUta bindu haiN| 128 prAyaH pratyeka manuSya ke jIvana meM aneka choTe bar3e doSa vidyamAna rahate haiM, kintu mUlabhUta doSa pAMca haiM jo zeSa samasta burAiyoM, doSoM aura pApoM ko paidA karate haiN| ye haiM-hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, maithuna aura parigraha (saMgraha) / AtmA ko ina pAMca doSoM se sarvathA mukta karanA 'zramaNAcAra kA pramukha lakSya hai / isa lakSya kI pUrti ina pAMcoM mahAvratoM se hI saMbhava hai| pAtra bheda kI apekSA se hI ina vratoM ke do bhAga haiM- mahAvrata evaM aNuvrata / ye donoM zramaNAcAra tathA zrAvakAcAra ke AdhAra stambha haiN| sampUrNa bhAratIya dharma darzanoM meM pAMca vratoM, yamoM yA zIloM ko mAnava jIvana evaM caritra kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| 1. ahiMsA :- bhArata ke prAyaH sabhI dharma darzanoM tathA AdhyAtmavAdI vicArakoM ne jIvana zailI yA AcAra paddhati kI dRSTi se ahiMsA ko sarvocca sthAna diyA hai tathA ahiMsA ko paramodharma kahA hai| ahiMsA kA siddhAnta kisI vyakti, jAti, varga, deza yA kAla se baMdhA huA nahIM hai, ata: ise sArvabhauma bhI kahA gayA hai| yahI nahIM, ahiMsA ko sabhyatA evaM saMskRti kA pratimAna bhI mAnA gayA hai| jo vyakti, samAja yA deza ahiMsA kI dizA meM jitanA agragAmI banatA utanA hI use sabhyatA tathA saMskRti ke kSetra meM bhI agraNI mAnA jAtA hai| ahiMsA kI sArvabhaumikatA ko sarvatra mAnyatA milI hai ki ahiMsA kA AcaraNa kisI jAti, deza, avasthA yA kAla vizeSa taka hI sImita nahIM hai (jAtidezakAlasamayA'navacchinnAH sArvabhaumAH mahAvratam yogadarzana 2 / 31 ) / ata: samagra mAnava jAti ko sabhI paristhitiyoM aura sabhI kAloM meM ahiMsA kA pAlana karanA cAhie / ahiMsA ke svarUpa ko 'Atmaupamya' zabda se bhI vivecita kiyA gayA hai| isa zabda kA artha haisaMsAra ke samasta prANiyoM meM Atmavat bhAvanA kA honA / pratyeka jIva sukha cAhatA hai aura duHkha se DaratA hai, ata: kisI kI hiMsA nahIM karanA caahie| jaba koI prANI mAtra ko Atmavat samajhane lagegA to nizcaya hai ki vaha dUsaroM ke prati vaisA hI AcaraNa karegA jaisA vaha dUsaroM se apane lie cAhatA hai|

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mAnava jIvana meM AcAra vijJAna : sukha zAMti kA rAjamArga ahiMsA sambandhI usake vicAra spaSTa ho jAyeMge ki-maiM, kisI kI hiMsA nahIM karU~, kisI ko pIr3A nahIM pahu~cAU~, sabako samAna samajhU aura sabase Atma tulyatA kA vyavahAra karUM tathA ye vicAra usake AcaraNa meM Dhala jaaeNge| isa prakAra ahiMsaka jIvana zailI kI prakriyA kA prAraMbha ho sakatA hai| jJAniyoM ke jJAna kA sAra yahI kahA gayA hai ki kisI prANI ke hanana kI icchA taka mata karo (AcArAMga 15-5 tathA sUtrakRtAMga 1-11-10) / vibhinna dharmoM meM ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA vidyamAna hai| tathAgata buddha kahate haiM ki daMDa aura mRtyu sabake lie kaSTa kara hote haiM, ataH sabako apane samAna samajha kara kisI kI hiMsA mata karo (dhammapada 10-1, 10-4) / jaisA maiM hU~, vaisA anya hai-isa prakAra sabhI ko Atmavat samajha kara kisI kA ghAta nahIM karanA cAhie aura na dUsaroM se karavAnA cAhie (suttanipAta, 3-3-7-27) / mahAbhArata meM ahiMsA ko parama dharma, parama tapa, parama saMyama, parama mitra aura parama sukha kahA hai| jisa prakAra manuSya apane Upara dayA rakhatA hai, usI prakAra se dUsaroM para bhI rakhanI caahie| (anuzAsana parva 115,116, 145 va 215) / pataMjali ne kahA hai ki bhItara se ahiMsA ke pratiSThita ho jAne para usake nikaTa saba prANI apanA svAbhAvika vaira bhAva tyAga dete haiN| (yoga sUtra 2-35) / islAma bhI allAha ko karuNA kI mUrti batAtA hai jisakA artha hai ki vahAM bhI kisI sImA taka ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA hai (bismillAha rahImAnurrahIma-kurAna zarIpha 5-35) / mahAtmA IsA kI ahiMsA to uccastarIya mAnI jAtI hai| ve kahate haiM ki tU apanI talavAra myAna meM rakha le, kyoMki jo loga talavAra calAte haiM, ve sabhI talavAra se hI naSTa kie jaaeNge| tuma apane duzmana se bhI prema karo aura jo tumheM satAte haiM, unake lie bhI prArthanA karo (bAibila 2-51-52 tathA 5-45-46) / yahUdI dharma meM bhI vyakti ke Atma sammAna taka para kabhI coTa na pahu~cAne kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai (metliyaa-58)| kanphyUziyasa ne bhI kahA hai ki jo cIja tumheM nApasanda hai, vaha dUsaroM ke lie haragija mata karo (torA 19-17) / kintu jaina dharma ke AcArAMga sUtra meM jisa gaMbhIratA, vizuddhatA tathA mArmikatA se ahiMsA ke svara ko mukharita kiyA hai, vaha anupama hai| ___ hiMsA mUla zabda hai jisakA niSedha hai| ahiMsA tathA ahiMsA kA vidheyAtmaka svarUpa bhI vyApaka hai| hananArthaka 'hiMsi' dhAtu se hiMsA zabda banA hai| hiMsA kA artha hotA hai kisI ko mAranA yA staanaa| AcArAMga meM hiMsA ke lie prANAtipAta (prANa+atipAta) zabda kA vyavahAra huA hai| isakA artha hai prANoM kA nAza krnaa| prANa dasa prakAra ke kahe gae haiM, ataH inameM se kisI prANa kA nAza na krnaa| kaise vyakti prANoM kA nAza karatA hai tathA hiMsA kA AcaraNa karatA hai? kahA gayA hai ki vyakti pramAda ke vazIbhUta hokara jIvoM kA hanana, chedana-bhedana, grAmaghAta aura prANaghAta karatA hai (AcArAMga, 1-12-7) / isa rUpa meM hiMsA kI paribhASA hotI hai ki pramAda, rAgadveSa yA asAvadhAnI se prANavadha karanA hiMsA hai (pramattayogAt prANavyaparopaNaM hiMsA-tatvArtha sUtra 7-8) / kaSAya aura pramAda mAnasika hiMsA hai to prANavadha kAyika hiNsaa| vAstava meM hiMsA kA mUla manuSya ke saMkalpa meM hotA hai| jaba kisI ke prANa vicchedana meM mana kA duHsaMkalpa jur3atA hai-rAga dveSa kI bhAvanA preraka banatI hai taba hiMsA hotI hai| yoM kaSAya aura pramAda hI hiMsA kA mUla AdhAra hai| hiMsA ke vyakti kI vRttiyoM ke anusAra 129

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sucaritram anekAneka kAraNa ho sakate haiM jo kaSAya aura pramAda se paidA hote haiN| phira bhI hiMsA ke kAraNoM ke sambandha meM batalAyA gayA hai ki pramatta manuSya saMyogArthI evaM artha lolupa bana kara bAraMbAra zastra kA prayoga karatA hai| vaha zarIra bala, jAti bala, mitra bala, laukika bala, deva bala, rAja bala, cora bala, atithi bala Adi ke sAtha bhI hiMsA kA prayoga karatA hai (AcArAMga 1-1-2, 1-6-1) / hiMsA ke rUpa bhI vividha hote haiM SaDjIvakAya kI dRSTi se| hiMsA ke cAra prakAra hote haiM-(1) saMkalpI hiMsA, (2) AraMbhI hiMsA, (3) udyogI hiMsA tathA (4) virodhI hiNsaa| hiMsA ke pariNAma ke viSaya meM bhI ullekha haiM ki saMsAra ke jitane bhI duHkha evaM bandhana haiM, ve saba hiMsA se hI utpanna hote haiM (AraMbhajaM dukkhaMAcArAMga, 1-3-1) / hiMsA ko graMthi, baMdhana, mRtyu aura naraka kahA hai (AcArAMga 1-1-2) / ahiMsA kA zabdazaH artha hotA hai-hiMsA nahIM krnaa| yaha niSedhAtmaka hai, kintu yaha isakA eka pahalU hai| dUsarA pahalU hai ki vidhi rUpa aura isa prakAra ahiMsA na ekAnta rUpa se niSedha paraka yA nivRttiparaka hai aura na hI ekAnta rUpa se vidhiparaka yA prvRttiprk| prANi mAtra ko Atmatulya samajhanA aura kisI ko pIr3A nahIM pahu~cAnA, ina do sUtroM meM ahiMsA kA vidheyAtmaka tathA niSedhAtmaka svarUpa spaSTa hai| isake vidhi rUpa meM sabake prati dayA, karuNA, maitrI, rakSA, sevA Adi kA sandeza samAviSTa hai to kisI ko kisI prakAra kI pIr3A na pahu~cAne ke saMdeza meM saba prakAra kI hiMsA kA niSedha hai| zramaNa - zramaNiyoM dvArA pAlanIya paMca mahAvratoM meM ahiMsA pahalA mahAvrata hai tathA isakA vidhi rUpa pAMca samiti meM tathA niSedha rUpa tIna gupti meM parilakSita hotA hai| mUla prazna yaha uThAveM ki ahiMsA kA pAlana kyoM kiyA jAe? isakA manovaijJAnika uttara hai ki sabhI jIva jInA cAhate haiM ataH sabhI ko apanA jIvana priya hai tathA mRtyu apriya hai| pratyeka prANI ke bhItara eka jijIviSA hai, apanA astitva banAe rakhane kI kAmanA hai (savve pANA piyAuyA suhasAyA dukkha paDikUlA-AcArAMga 1-2-3) / yahI jIvanAkAMkSA ahiMsA kA mUla hai| ahiMsA kA artha hai ki vyakti apanI cetanA ke samAna hI dUsaroM kI cetanA ko smjhe| ahiMsA kA sAdhaka vizva kI samasta AtmAoM ko samadRSTi se dekhatA hai aura jaisA dekhatA hai, vaisA hI vyavahAra karatA hai| ahiMsaka bhayabhIta yA kAyara nahIM hotA. usakI ahiMsA to bhaya aura pralobhana kI bAdhAoM ko cIratI huI apane zreSThatama zaurya kA paricaya detI hai| ahiMsA eka Adarza mAtra nahIM, vaha vyavahAra kA puSTa dharAtala hai| ahiMsaka vyavahAra eka naitika evaM AdhyAtmika prayoga hai jisakI saphalatA hI zramaNa aura zrAvaka ko apane-apane kSetra meM sAdhaka kA darjA dilAtI hai| saca to yaha hai ki ahiMsA kI vizada vyApti meM zeSa cAroM vratoM-satya (vaicArika ahiMsA), asteya (sAmAjika ahiMsA), brahmacaya (pArivArika ahiMsA) tathA aparigraha (Arthika ahiMsA) kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| hemacandrAcArya kahate haiM ki yadi ahiMsA jalAzaya hai to satya, asteya Adi usakI rakSaka pAla haiM (yogazAlA prkaash-2)| vastutaH isa virATa vizva meM yaha ahiMsA hI bhagavatI hai (praznavyAkaraNa sUtra, saMvara dvaar1)| AcArya samantabhadra ne bhI ahiMsA kI mahattA ko caramotkarSa para pahu~cAte hue use parama brahma kahA hai (neminAtha jina stuti gAthA 119) / isa yuga ke mahAn ahiMsaka mahAtmA gAMdhI ne to ahiMsA ko eka svayaMbhU zakti batAI hai| 130

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mAnava jIvana meM AcAra vijJAna : sukha zAMti kA rAjamArga zramaNAcAra kI dRSTi se ahiMsA mahAvrata kI pratijJA hai - jIvana paryanta ke lie sarva prANAtipAta virmnn| isase sambandhita pAMca bhAvanAoM kA bhI ullekha hai, jo isa prakAra hai - (1) gamanAgamana sambandhI sAvadhAnI, (2) mana kI niSpApakatA, (3) vANI kI niSpApakatA, (4) AdAna nikSepa sambandhI sAvadhAnI tathA (5) Alokita pAna bhojana / 2. satya :- ahiMsA kI pratijJA ke pazcAt satya kI pratijJA kA krama hai| asatya hai jhUTha aura isakI paribhASA hai-asat kathana karanA (asadabhidhAnamanRtam - tattvArtha sUtra 7-9 ) asat zabda meM kathana ke sAtha cintana evaM AcaraNa kA bhI samAveza hai| asat kA AcaraNa bhI pramatta yoga se hI hotA hai / jo vastu jisa rUpa meM nahIM hai athavA jo hai hI nahIM, use sat kahanA yA anyathA rUpa kahanA asatya hai| isake sAtha hI satya hone para bhI jo vacana pIr3AkArI hai, vaha bolanA bhI asatya hai / nItikAroM ne yahI kahA hai- 'satyaM brUyAta, priyaM brUyAt, na brUyAta satyamapriyam / ' isake viparIta satya kI paribhASA dete hue kahA gayA hai ki krodha, lobha, bhaya, hAsya Adi asatya bolane ke kAraNoM ke maujUda rahane para bhI mana, vacana aura kAyA se asatya nahIM socanA, asatya nahIM bolanA aura asatya AcaraNa nahIM karanA hI satya mahAvrata hai ( AcArAMga - 215 ) / prayojana hone para bhI sAdhu ko sadA hita, mita evaM satya bolanA cAhie (AcArAMga 215) / isa prakAra satya mahAvrata ke mUla meM bhI ahiMsA kI bhAvanA hI nihita hai| AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki tU satya meM dhRti kara (saccammiM dhitiM kuvvaha- AcArAMga 1-3-2) kyoMki satya meM adhiSThita sAdhu samasta pApoM kA zoSaNa karatA hai| antataH satyazIla sAdhaka paramAtm pada prApta karatA hai / satya ko bhagavAn taka kahA gayA hai aura loka meM sArabhUta tattva ( taM sacvaM khu bhagava - praznavyAkaraNa, saMvara dvAra 1) / mahAtmA gAMdhI ne bhI isa kathana kA purajora samarthana kiyA hai, ve kahate haiM-paramezvara satya hai yaha kahane kI apekSA satya paramezvara hai, yaha kahanA adhika upayukta hai ( gAMdhI vANI pR. 12 - 18 ) / jo satya ko jAnatA hai, mana se, vacana se aura kAyA se satya kA AcaraNa karatA hai vaha paramezvara ko pahacAnatA hai| itanA hI nahIM, satya sAdhaka Atma-sAkSAtkAra kara letA hai (AcArAMga 1-3-3) / * zramaNAcAra kI dRSTi se satya mahAvrata kI pratijJA hai - jIvana paryanta ke lie sarvamRSAvAda viramaNa / isase sambandhita pAMca bhAvanAe~ - (1) vANI viveka, (2) krodha tyAga, (3) lobha tyAga, (4) bhaya tyAga tathA (5) hAsya tyAga / vyakti krodha, lobha, bhaya, hAsya Adi ke nimitta pApakAriNI, pApa kA anumodana karane vAlI, dUsare ke mana ko pIr3A pahuMcAne vAlI asatya bhASA bolatA hai, ata: prajJAvAna sAdhu ko krodha, lobha, bhaya, hAsya Adi kA sarvathA parityAga kara denA caahie| ye hiMsA ke samAna hI asatya vacana ke bhI kAraNa / jisa prakAra asatya hiMsA kA poSaka hai, usI prakAra satya Adi anya vrata ahiMsA ke poSaka haiN| satya aura ahiMsA kA ghaniSTha sambandha hai / satya ke svarUpa para gaMbhIra cintana kiyA jAnA caahie| 3. asteya :- ahiMsA aura satya vrata kI rakSA ke lie zramaNa jIvana meM asteya vrata kA pAlana bhI anivArya hai kyoMki caurya karma karane vAlA hiMsaka hone ke sAtha-sAtha asatyabhASI bhI hotA hai| 131

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sucaritram asteya zabda kA artha hai-corI nahIM krnaa| corI vaha kahalAtI hai jahA~ binA die kucha le liyA jAtA hai ( adattAdAnaM steyam-tattvArtha sUtra 7/10) / jisa vastu para kisI dUsare kA svAmitva ho, bhale hI vaha vastu tRNavat mUlyarahita hI kyoM na ho, usake svAmI kI AjJA ke binA caurya buddhi se use grahaNa karanA corI hai| mana, vacana, kAyA dvArA dUsare ke adhikAroM kA svayaM haraNa (zoSaNa) karanA, dUsare se haraNa karavAnA yA usakA anumodana karanA corI hai| jisa vastu Adi para vAstavika rUpa meM apanA adhikAra nahIM hai, usa para binA usake svAmI kI AjJA ke adhikAra karane ko, use apane kAma meM lene aura usase lAbha uThAne ko corI kahate haiM / laukika dRSTi se corI kI gaNanA meM ve hI kArya Ate haiM jinake karane se zAsakIya kAnUnoM ke anusAra daMDa kI vyavasthA hai, kinta dhArmika kSetra meM ve saba kArya corI meM gine jAte haiM jinake dvArA dUsaroM ke nyAyocita adhikAroM kA apaharaNa hotA hai| corI ke aneka kAraNa haiM kintu mukhya kAraNa dhanalipsA hai| vyakti jaba viSayoM kA lAlacI banatA hai-bhogoM ke lie lAlAyita rahatA hai, taba vaha unheM prApta karane ke lie corI karane meM saMkoca nahIM krtaa| sAmAjika kuprathAoM, mAna-sammAna ke lAlaca athavA dikhAvA karane kI hor3a meM par3a kara bhI vyakti pratyakSa athavA parokSa rUpa se corI ke kukarma meM apane Apako lagAtA hai| dhana manuSyoM kA bAhya prANa mAnA gayA hai, ataH usakA apaharaNa karane se unakA prANaghAta ho jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki adattAdAna yA corI meM hiMsA kA doSa bhI spaSTa hai| isa saMdarbha meM kahA gayA hai ki jalakAya kI hiMsA arthAt pAnI kI barbAdI bhI corI hai (AcArAMga 1-1-3) / isase spaSTa vidita hotA hai ki kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA sirpha hiMsA hI nahIM hai, apitu hiMsA ke sAtha-sAtha corI bhI hai| ahiMsA ke viSaya meM yaha ati tArkika evaM sUkSma vivecana hai| isI taraha caurya karma karane vAlA asatya bhASaNa se bhI nahIM baca sakatA hai| isI abhiprAya se ahiMsA aura satya vrata ke bAda asteya vrata ko tIsarA sthAna diyA gayA hai| dharmazAstra to yahA~ taka satarka karate haiM ki yadi koI sAdhu vastutaH tapasvI, jJAnI athavA utkRSTa AcArAdi se sampanna nahIM hai aura dUsarA vyakti use vaisA batAtA hai to usa sAdhu ko niHsaMkoca kaha denA cAhie ki Apa mujhe jaisA samajha rahe haiM, vAstava meM maiM vaisA hU~ nhiiN| aisA na karake yadi vaha sAdhu jhUThI prazaMsA para mauna dhAraNa kara letA hai aura anadhikAra rUpa se mAna, sammAna, pratiSThA yA prazaMsA prApta kara letA hai to vaha usakA caurya karma hI kahA jaaegaa| ataH sAdhaka jIvana ke lie yaha anivArya batAyA gayA hai ki vaha sUkSmAtisUkSma caurya karma ke pApa se bace aura samasta duHkhoM se mukta hone ke lie asteya vrata kA samyak rUpa se pAlana kare (AcArAMga 2-7-1) / jo sAdhaka tapa, avasthA, AcAra aura bhAva ko chipAtA hai, dUsaroM ke dvArA pUche jAne para spaSTa nahIM batAtA, vaha sAdhu hone para bhI kilviSa (nIca) deva kI yoni meM utpanna hotA hai (tava teNe vaya teNe rUva teNe ya je nareH AyAra bhAva teNe ya kuvvai devakivisaM-dazavaikAlika suutr)| apane para jisakA upakAra hai, jinase apane ko sahAyatA milI hai usakA badalA na cukAnA bhI corI hai (tairdattA na pradAyebhyo bhuMkte stena eva sHgiitaa)| isa rUpa se caurya karma kI bArIkiyoM ko gaharAI se samajha kara corI se alaga rahanA caahie| zramaNAcAra kI dRSTi se asteya vrata kI pratijJA hai-jIvana paryanta ke lie sarva adattAdAna 132

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mAnava jIvana meM AcAra vijJAna : sukha zAMti kA rAjamArga virmnn| isase sambandhita pAMca bhAvanAe~-(1) soca vicAra pUrvaka mitAvagraha kI yAcanA, (2) anujJApita pAna bhojana grahaNa karanA, (3) avagraha kA avadhAraNa karanA, (4) abhIkSNa (punaH punaH) vastuoM kI maryAdA karanA tathA, (5) sAdharmika se parimita padArthoM kI yAcanA krnaa| ina bhAvanAoM para AcaraNa karane se hiMsA se bacane aura ahiMsA ke paripAlana meM pUrNa sahAyatA milatI hai| ___4. brahmacarya :- bhAratIya saMskRti meM brahmacarya kI sAdhanA ko anya sabhI sAdhanAoM kI apekSA vizeSa mahattva diyA gayA hai| vedoM, upaniSadoM, bauddha sUtroM evaM jainAgamoM meM brahmacarya kI mahattA kA varNana prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai| isa vrata se naitikatA kA zreSTha nikhAra hotA hai| mana, vacana aura kAyA se deva, manuSya evaM tiryaMca zarIra sambandhI saba prakAra ke maithuna sevana kA parityAga karanA hI brahmacarya hai| isa prakAra zramaNa kRta, kArita anumodita tathA mana, vacana aura kAyA se jIvana bhara maithuna kA tyAgI hotA hai| maithuna hiMsA kA kAraNa hai, isase jIvoM kA ghAta hotA hai (AcArAMga 2/15) / mahAtmA gAMdhI ke anusAra brahmacarya kA artha hai-mana, vacana aura kAyA se samasta indriyoM kA saMyama (gAMdhI vANI pR. 94) / - abrahma kA tyAga brahmacarya hai to yaha abrahma kyA hai? kAma rAga janita nara-nArI kI ceSTAoM ko abrahma kahate haiN| yAne maithuna abrahma hai (maithunamabrahmaH-tattvArtha sUtra) / yathArtha meM mithuna kI pravRtti ko maithuna kahA jAtA hai| saMkSepa meM jo brahma na ho vaha abrahma hai| brahma kA artha hai-jisake pAlana va anusaraNa se sadguNoM kI vRddhi ho| isa dRSTi se jisa ora jAne ke kAraNa sadguNoM meM vRddhi na ho, balki doSoM kA hI poSaNa ho vaha abrahma hai| mithuna kI pravRtti aisI hai ki isameM par3ate hI sAre doSoM kA poSaNa aura sadguNoM kA hrAsa prAraMbha ho jAtA hai, isalie maithuna ko abrahma kahA hai| AcArAMga meM brahmacarya ke pAlana kI dRSTi se spaSTa nirdeza milatA hai, jaise-eka brahmacArI puruSa strI sambandhI tathA brahmacAriNI strI puruSa sambandhI kAma kathA na kare, unheM vAsanAyukta dRSTi se na dekhe, paraspara kAmuka bhAvoM kA prasAraNa na kare, unake prati mamatva na rakhe, unake citra ko AkRSTa karane ke lie zarIra kI vibhUSA yA sAja sajjA na kare, vacana gupti kA pAlana kare aura mana ko saMvRtta rakha kara pApa karma se sadA dUra rhe| brahmacarya kI ArAdhanA kA yaha mArga hai (AcArAMga 1-5-4) / sUtrakAra isa tathya ke jJAtA the ki sAdhaka ke sukhazIla hone para kAma vAsanA ubharatI hai aura vAsanA pIr3AdAyaka banatI hai ata: kAma nivAraNa ke chaH upAya batAe gae haiM-(1) sAdhu ko nIrasa bhojana karanA cAhie, (2) UnodarI tapa (kama khAnA) karanA cAhie, (3) kAyotsarga arthAt vividha prakAra ke vyAyAmaAsana karane cAhie, (4) grAmAnugrAma vihAra karanA cAhie, (5) AhAra kA parityAga kara denA cAhie tathA (6) striyoM ke prati AkRSTa hone vAle mana ko sarvathA vimukha rakhanA cAhie (zIlAMka TIkA (AcArAMga) patrAMka 198) / sAdhaka ko inameM se anukUla upAya yA upAyoM kA abhyAsa karanA caahie| apane yathArtha rUpa meM brahmacarya vaha agni hai jisameM tapa kara AtmA kI parizuddhi ho jAtI hai| brahmacarya kI sAdhanA zarIra aura AtmA donoM ko puSTa karatI hai| ahiMsA, satya Adi jahA~ Atmabala ko bar3hAte haiM vahA~ brahmacarya kI sAdhanA eka sAtha donoM ko aparimita bala pradAna karatI hai| brahmacarya 133

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sucaritram 134 uttama tapa, niyama, jJAna, darzana Adi kA mUla hai ( prazna vyAkaraNa, saMvara dvAra 4 - 1 ) / jisane apane jIvana meM kevala eka hI vrata brahmacarya kI upAsanA kI hai samajhie ki usane uttamottama sabhI tapoM kI ArAdhanA kara lI hai| brahmacarya sthira hone se vIrya lAbha hotA hai (yogadarzana 2-38 ) / brahmacarya zreSTha tapa hai (sUtrakRtAMga 1-6-23 ) / brahmacarya anya vratoM kI apekSA duSkara hai aura isa vrata kI ArAdhanA karane vAle brahmacArI ko deva, dAnava, gaMdharva sabhI namaskAra karate haiM (uttarAdhyayana 16/16-17) / isI prakAra yogazAstra (2-104), jJAnArNava (11-3) atharvaveda ( 11-5/1-2-19-24) Adi meM bhI brahmacarya kI mahattA kA varNana milatA hai / brahmacarya vrata ke prati pAzcAtya vidvAna bhI AkarSita hue haiN| DaoN. pharneDo ve ne kahA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vyaktitva meM sarva pradhAna guNa merI dRSTi meM anantavIrya rahA hai evaM usI ke bala para ye prasiddha tIrthaMkara apane samakAlIna pravarttakoM ko pIche chor3akara Age bar3hate rahe / zramaNAcAra kI dRSTi se brahmacarya vrata kI pratijJA hai - jIvana paryanta ke lie sarva maithuna viramaNa / isase sambandhita pAMca bhAvanAe~ - (1) strI kathA kA varjana, (2) striyoM ke aMga-pratyaMgoM ke avalokana kA varjana, (3) purvAnUbhUta kAma krIr3A kI smRti kA niSedha, (4) ati mAtrA aura praNIta pAna bhojana kA varjana tathA (5) strI, pazu Adi se saMsakta zayyAsana kA varjana / ye sabhI kAma vAsanA ke hetu haiM ataH sAdhu ko inase bacanA caahie| yadi vaha aisA nahIM karatA hai to dharma se cyuta hotA hai| brahmacarya kI sadA rakSA karanI cAhie, ye upAya samAdhi ke sthAna kahe gae haiM ( AcArAMga 2 - 15, sthAnAMga - AsravadvAra pRSTha 42, uttarAdhyayana 16/ 2-14 ) / brahmacArI ko indriyajanya sukhoM tathA AnandadAyaka padArthoM se dUra rahanA cAhie (manusmRti 6-41-49, gautama sUtra 3-11) / * 5. aparigraha * saMsAra ke sabhI prANI sukha prApti ke lie satata prayatnazIla haiM, phira bhI kyA kAraNa hai ki sukha nahIM mila rahA hai? yaha vicAraNIya viSaya hai ki Akhira duHkha kA mUla kahA~ hai? gaharAI se socane para jJAta hogA ki duHkha kA mUla parigraha hI hai| vyakti parigraha kA saMcaya karane ke lie hiMsA, jhUTha, corI Adi ke nikRSTatama kRtyoM ko bhI karane meM hicakicAtA nahIM hai / arthalobhI yA dhanalipsu vyakti parigraha kI pUrti hetu dUsaroM kA vadha karatA hai, unheM kaSTa detA hai tathA aneka prakAra se yAtanAe~ pahu~cAtA hai| yahA~ taka ki vaha dhana prApti ke lie cora, luTerA aura hatyArA bhI bana jAtA hai ( AcArAMga 1-3-2) / ataH yaha saMgraha vRtti sabhI pApoM kI jar3a hai| yaha parigraha saMsAravartI jIvoM ke lie mahAbhaya rUpa hotA hai (AcArAMga 5-2 ) / ataH zramaNa ko aparigraha vrata kI ArAdhanA karanI caahie| aparigraha kA artha hai-parigraha kA tyaag| to parigraha kyA hai ? sAmAnya rUpa se dhana sampatti, sonAcAMdI, dhAnya, pazu Adi ko parigraha kahA jAtA hai kintu parigraha kI vyAkhyA adhika gaharI hai| mUrchA arthAt Asakti hI vAstava meM parigraha hai ( mucchA pariggaho vutto - dazavaikAlika 6-21 ) / sArI bAhya sampatti kisI ke pAsa na ho to vaha mAtra isI tathya se aparigrahI nahIM kahA jA sakegA / bAhya sampatti upalabdha na hone para bhI yadi parigraha ke prati mUrchAbhAva aura Asakti hai tathA usakI prApti ke prati tRSNA aura lAlasA, to vaisA vyakti parigrahI hI mAnA jaaegaa| isI prakAra bAhya sampatti Rddhi-siddhi sahita hone para bhI yadi vyakti ke mana meM usake prati tanika bhI mUrchAbhAva yA Asakti nahIM hai to vaha sampattivAna hote hue bhI aparigrahI mAnA jaaegaa| Azaya yaha hai ki parigraha kA sambandha pahale bhAvoM

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mAnava jIvana meM AcAra vijJAna : sukha zAMti kA rAjamArga se jur3A huA hai| ___ Aja ke Arthika yuga meM parigraha kI saMgrahavRtti, adhikAdhika pAne kI lAlasA tathA tRSNAvitRSNA ke cAroM ora vIbhatsa dRzya dekhe jA sakate haiN| yaha saMgraha vRtti hI Aja cAroM ora uthalaputhala macAe hue haiN| dhana kA arjana Aja nIti tathA zrama ke bala para karane kI pravRtti ghaTatI jA rahI hai aura sazakta vyakti yA varga samAja meM zoSaNa evaM anyAya macA kara saMgraha ke ambAra lagA rahe haiN| dUsarI ora unakI parigraha ke prati aisI ghAtaka saMgraha vRtti ke kAraNa karor3oM vyakti berojagArI aura garIbI ke daladala meM gahare se gahare dhaMsate jA rahe haiN| yaha mAtra adharma kI hI sthiti nahIM hai, balki samAja evaM mAnavatA ke ghAta kI bhI sthiti hai| bAibila meM isa saMgraha vRtti kI kar3I AlocanA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki suI kI noka meM se U~Ta kadAcit nikala jAe, parantu dhanavAna vyakti svarga meM kadApi praveza nahIM pA sakatA hai| zramaNa yA sAdhu ko isa dRSTi se nigraMtha kahA gayA hai jisake parigraha kI koI graMthi nahIM bctii| vaha jIvana paryanta sajIva yA nirjIva alpa yA bahuta, sthUla yA sUkSma kisI bhI prakAra kI vastu kA svayaM saMgraha nahIM karatA hai, dUsaroM se saMgraha nahIM karavAtA hai tathA saMgraha karane vAle kA anumodana bhI nahIM karatA hai| parigraha ke pApa se apanI AtmA ko sarvathA virata rakhanA hI aparigraha hai (AcArAMga 2-15) / sAdhu parigraha mAtra kA tyAgI hotA hai| vaha pUrNa rUpa se anAsakta evaM mUrchArahita hotA hai| saMyama kI sAdhanA ke lie use jina upakaraNoM kI anivArya rUpa se AvazyakatA hotI hai una para bhI usakA mamatva nahIM hotaa| saccA sAdhaka vahI hai jise apane zarIra taka kA bhI mamatva nahIM hotaa| vaisA sAdhaka hI mukti patha kA dRSTA hotA hai| zramaNAcAra kI dRSTi se aparigraha vrata kI pratijJA hai-jIvana paryanta ke lie sarvaparigraha virmnn| isase sambandhita pAMca bhAvanAe~-(1) manojJa-amanojJa zabda meM rAga dveSa nahIM karanA, samabhAva rakhanA, (2) manojJa-amanojJa rUpa meM rAgadveSa nahIM karanA, samabhAva rakhanA, (3) manojJa-amanojJa gaMdha meM rAgadveSa nahIM karanA, samabhAva rakhanA, (4) manojJa-amanojJa rasa meM rAgadveSa nahIM karanA, samabhAva rakhanA tathA (5) manojJa-amanojJa sparza meM rAgadveSa nahIM karanA, samabhAva rkhnaa| isa prakAra aparigraha mahAvrata kI surakSA ke lie pAMcoM indriyoM ke pAMcoM viSayoM-zabda, rUpa, gaMdha, rasa tathA sparza ke prati samabhAva rakhane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| isa vrata kI sAmAnya pAlanA se kaI sAmAjika tathA Arthika samasyAoM kA samAdhAna nikAlA jA sakatA hai| ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha-ye pAMcoM vrata sarvaparityAga ke kAraNa zramaNa dvArA pAlanIya hone para mahAvrata kahalAte haiM, vahIM zrAvakoM-gRhasthoM ke lie inake AMzika pAlana kA prAvadhAna hai, jahA~ inakI saMjJA aNuvrata ho gaI hai yAnI bar3e aura choTe vrt| ye pAMcoM vrata naitika jIvana meM zAzvata tattva hai| kAla aura deza kI sImA kA bhI ina para koI prabhAva nahIM par3atA hai| ye mAnavIya naitikatA ke mUlabhUta siddhAnta haiN| zrAvakAcAra ke anusAra vyakti ko sadgRhastha (zrAvaka) banane ke lie zruta-cAritra rUpa dharma tathA vratoM kI naitika maryAdAoM ko svIkAra karanA hotA hai| isa svIkRti ke bAda vaha paiMtIsa guNoM kA 135

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sucaritram dhAraka mArgAnusArI banatA hai| taba vaha zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM ko svIkAra karane yogya bana jAtA hai| zrAvaka ke pAMca aNuvrata isa prakAra haiM-(1) sthUla prANAtipAta viramaNa, (2) sthUla mRSAvAda viramaNa, (3) sthUla adattAdAna viramaNa, (4) sthUla maithuna viramaNa tathA (5) parigraha parimANa vrt| zramaNa ke vratoM meM jahA~ 'sarva' zabda kA ullekha hai, vahA~ zrAvaka ko sthUla tyAga hI karanA hotA hai| dekhA jAe to zrAvaka kI kakSA se uttIrNa hokara sAdhaka zramaNa bane to usakI sAdhanA kI saphalatA sunizcita ho sakatI hai| zramaNa pAMcoM prakAra ke pApoM se sarvAMzataH virata hotA hai aura zrAvaka aMzataH, ataH donoM AcAroM ko sarva virati aura deza virati bhI kahA jAtA hai| zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM meM ina pAMca aNuvratoM ke sivAya tIna guNavrata-dizA parimANa, upabhoga paribhoga parimANa tathA anarthadaMDa viramaNa evaM cAra zikSAvrata-sAmAyika, dezAvakAzika, pauSadha tathA atithi saMvibhAgavrata bhI sammilita haiN| ye sabhI milakara zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata kahalAte haiN| isa prakAra zramaNAcAra evaM zrAvakAcAra milakara aisI AcAra paddhati kA nirmANa karate haiM, jisake AdhAra para sampUrNa vizva meM sukha evaM zAnti ke vAtAvaraNa kA sRjana kiyA jA sakatA hai| vyaktiyoM dvArA apane vratoM ke pAlana kA samAja aura saMsAra kI vyavasthA para yaha prabhAva par3atA hai ki AtmAnuzAsana kI sudRr3hatA ke kAraNa bAharI vyavasthA para adhika dabAva nahIM rahatA tathA naitikatA evaM AdhyAtmikatA ke prasAra ke kAraNa sabhI ora caritra kA nirmANa hotA hai, vaha sugaThita banatA hai aura usake prati niSThA majabUta banatI hai| isa AdhArabhUmi para sabhyatA, saMskRti evaM paramparAoM kA sarvahitakArI rUpa DhalatA hai| sabhI dharmoM kA sAra-ahiMsA kintu vahA~ taka pahuMcane kI samasyA vizva ke sabhI dharma darzanoM ne ahiMsA ko mAnyatA dI hai| unakI paribhASAoM yA avadhAraNAoM meM antara ho sakatA hai kintu ahiMsA ne nAma para kisI kA virodha nahIM hai| kintu samAja vikAsa ke itihAsa para eka sarasarI najara DAleM to dikhAI degA ki apanI jIvana zailI meM aura apanI upAsanA paddhatiyoM meM ahiMsA ko sarvopari sthAna dene meM dIrgha samaya vyatIta huA hai tathA kaI utAra car3hAva dekhane par3e haiN| ___ bhagavAn mahAvIra tathA bhagavAn buddha ke pUrvavartI kAla meM laukika kAryoM meM to hiMsAmaya kArya hote hI the kintu dhArmika kAryoM meM bhI hiMsA kA pUrI taraha pracalana thaa| yajJa Adi meM pazuoM kI bali dI jAtI thI-naramedha yajJa meM to manuSya ko hI bali para car3hA diyA jAtA thaa| isa para bhI yaha siddhAnta banA liyA gayA thA ki veda sammata dharma kAryoM meM kI jAne vAlI hiMsA ko hiMsA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA."vaidikI hiMsA hiMsA na bhvti"| mahAvIra kAla meM hiMsaka AcaraNa para bar3I coTa lagI, yajJa-yAga meM hiMsA kA virodha huaa| sabase bar3hakara ahiMsA kI jo sUkSma vivecanA unhoMne kI tathA tadanusAra jIvanacaryA DhAlI-usase ahiMsA ke vikAsa evaM prasAra ko bar3A bala milaa| itanA hI nahIM hindU vicArakoM ne bhI ahiMsA ko pradhAnatA denI zurU kii| tadanantara bhArata ke samUce vAtAvaraNa meM ahiMsA kA samarthana bar3hatA hI gayA hai| sAmAnya AcaraNa meM bhI ahiMsA kA vistAra huA hai| parantu anya dharmoM kI AcAra paddhati meM ahiMsA kA praveza dhIre-dhIre hI huA hai| islAma dharma deza 136

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mAnava jIvana meM AcAra vijJAna : sukha zAMti kA rAjamArga ke bAhara se AyA aura usake pracAraka ve loga bane jo isa deza para vijaya pAkara zAsana karane lge| itihAsa batAtA hai ki akabara bAdazAha ke alAvA anya zAsakoM ne jora-jabaradastI se hI islAma kA pracAra kiyA aura auraMgajeba ne to jora jabaradastI kI bhI hada kara dii| yoM islAma zabda kA artha zAnti hone ke bAvajUda isake dharmAnuyAyiyoM ke vyavahAra meM hiMsA kI hI prabalatA rahI hai| sikha dharma ko bAdazAhoM ke julma jhelane par3e-isa kAraNa sikha guruoM kA bahAdurAnA mijAja rhaa| bAbara ke durvyavahAra ke bAvajUda guru nAnaka ne badale kI bhAvanA se kArya nahIM kiyA, na hI apane anuyAyiyoM ko hiMsA kI ora dhkelaa| guru arjunadeva bhI kSamAzIla rahe, parantu navame gurU tega bahAdura ko anyAya ke viruddha hathiyAra uThAne par3e, phira bhI hiMsaka virodha Ama nahIM bnaa| mugaloM ke hAthoM dasaveM guru govindasiMha ko bhArI AtaMka kA sAmanA karanA par3A isalie unhoMne baizAkhI ke dina amRta cakhAkara khAlasA ke rUpa meM saMta sipAhI kI ToliyA~ dharmayuddha ke lie bnaaii| kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki hiMsA se ahiMsA kI ora bar3hane kA aise kaI kAraNoM se kramika vikAsa dhImA rhaa| IsAI dharma meM karuNA evaM mAnava sevA ke vyavahAra kA sthAna U~cA rhaa| ahiMsA ko sabase bar3I vijaya mahAtmA gAMdhI ne dilaaii| unakA ahiMsA kA prayoga rASTrIya stara para huA jisakA suprabhAva na kevala isa deza para balki pUrI duniyA para pdd'aa| vartamAna yuga meM dekheM to pUrI duniyA eka prakAra se ahiMsA kA samarthana kara rahI hai| islAma ke jehAda ke AtaMkavAda ke viruddha amerikA sahita aneka dezoM ne kamara kasI hai ki isake nAma para hiMsA ko jArI nahIM rakhane deNge| saMyukta rASTra saMgha ke netRtva meM yuddha rokane ke aneka ahiMsaka upAya apanAe jAte haiM tathA vArtA-carcA ke jarie samasyAeM va vivAda sulajhAne para pUrA bala diyA jAtA hai| Aja jabaki ahiMsA kA prasAra pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se pUre saMsAra meM ho rahA hai to ahiMsA ko parama dharma mAnane vAle vicArakoM, dharmoM tathA vargoM ko ahiMsA ke tvarita vistAra ke lie kaThina prayAsa karane caahie| isa tathya se koI inakAra nahIM kara sakatA ki bAkI sArI cIjeM jaldI hI hAzie para calI jAegI aura ahiMsA hI saba dharmoM ke sAra rUpa meM vicAra va vyavahAra meM apanAI jaaegii| jIvana zailI meM ahiMsA ko pradhAnatA de pAne meM kAphI samaya lagA hai aura abhI bhI samasyA hai ki samagra rUpa se ahiMsA kA itanA vyApaka vistAra avazya ho jAe ki kama se kama dharma ke nAma para to janatA hiMsA meM na ulajhe jaisI ki kaI bAra hindU muslima yA anya sAmpradAyika daMge ghaTita ho jAte haiN| ahiMsA kA bhaviSya pUrI taraha sundara hai kintu use zIghra lAne ke lie caritra nirmANa ke abhiyAna calAe jAne cAhie aura ahiMsA ko jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM meM ramA denA caahie| ahiMsA hI eka aisA siddhAnta hai jo mAnava jAti hI nahIM samasta prANiyoM ke sAtha hamAre sambandhoM kI vivecanA karatA hai aura socane ko vivaza karatA hai ki hama kitane sabhya haiM aura kitanA honA hai| AcaraNa kA AdhAra jIvana kA parama sudhAra - yaha mAnava jIvana jo hameM prApta huA hai, atIva durlabha kahA gayA hai to kyA aisI durlabha prApti yoM hI gaMvA denI cAhie? kisI ke hAtha eka mUlyavAna ratna A jAe to kyA vaha use pheMka degA? mUrkha kI bAta alaga hai, samajhadAra aisA kadApi nahIM kregaa| cintanIya yaha hai ki hameM isa durlabha jIvana kA 137

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sucaritram 138 kisa prakAra sadupayoga karanA caahie| hameM aisI jIvana zailI apanAnI cAhie ki hamArA jIvana sacce arthoM meM sukhI bane aura yathAsAdhya dUsaroM ke jIvana ko bhI sukhI banAyA jA ske| isa lakSya ka pahu~cane kA rAjamArga eka hI hai aura vaha hai caritra nirmANa kA, apane vicAra aura AcAra ko zuddha banAne kA tathA samAja va saMsAra meM jIvana vyavahAra kI ahiMsaka zailI ke sRjana kaa| yahI sampUrNa jagat ke lie sukha evaM zAnti kA rAjamArga hai| hama isa lakSya ko sAmane rakheM ki leM AcaraNa kA AdhAra, kareM jIvana kA parama sudhAra / AcaraNa ko svastha evaM sucArU banAe binA pragati kA koI mArga nahIM khulatA - na to eka vyakti lie aura na hI sAmUhika saMgaThanoM, rASTroM yA pUre saMsAra ke lie| Aja jo cAroM ora arAjakatA, asahiSNutA tathA azAnti kA vAtAvaraNa dikhAI de rahA hai usa ke pIche mukhya rUpa se caritra hInatA hI hai / ataH caritra nirmANa kI dhvajA ko Upara uThAie aura jAgaraNa kA zaMkha bajAie tAki caritra nirmANa eka janAndolana bana jAe tathA jo satata rUpa se calatA rhe|

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ratnatraya kA tRtIya ratnaH kitanA maulika, kitanA mArmika ? 10

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ratnatraya kA tRtIya ratna kitanA maulika, kitanA mArmika? ' jJAna aura caritra kI paraspara anivAryatA pahale eka pratIkAtmaka dRSTAnta lete haiN| eka vRkSa ke 'nIce eka aMdhA vyakti baiThA huA thaa| use yazavaMtapura pahuMcanA thA, jo vahA~ se karIba dasa koza kI dUrI para thaa| vahA~ zIghratAzIghra pahu~canA ati Avazyaka, lekina vaha kyA kareM, kaise pahu~ce? vaha jAnatA hai ki usake zarIra meM bala hai aura pA~voM meM zakti, calane lage to havA se bAteM kara sakatA hai, para dRSTi ke binA pAMvoM kI zakti kisa kAma kI? isa aMdhe vyakti ko caritra yA cAritra mAna lIjiye, AcAra yA AcaraNa kaha liijiye| cAritra ko mokSa ke dvAra taka pahu~canA hai, pratyeka viSamatA, malinatA evaM azubhatA se use chuTakArA pAnA hai| parantu samasyA vahI hai ki usake pAsa caraNa zakti hai kintu jJAna dRSTi nhiiN| use jJAta nahIM ki viSamatA kaisI hotI hai. malinatA kina-kina kSetroM ko vikRta banA detI hai athavA azubhatA kA rUpa-svarUpa kitanA vizAla aura vyApaka ho jAtA hai ataH inake chuTakArA pAne ke liye kisa prakAra samatA, ujjvalatA evaM zubhatA se mana mAnasa ko niyamita saMyamita evaM zuddhAcarita banAyA jA sakatA hai| 139

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sucaritram / vRkSa ke nIce baiThA aMdhA vyakti hatAzA meM DUbA huA thA tathA vicAroM se anizcaya evaM asamaMjasa kI sthiti se gujara rahA thA, tabhI use apane pAsa AtI huI pairoM kI AhaTa kA AbhAsa huaa| kauna ho sakatA hai isa samaya, jo usake samIpa A rahA hai| Ane kA yaha to sApha matalaba nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki Ane vAlA dRSTihIna to nahIM hai| dekha sakatA hai, tabhI to calA A rahA hai| hA~, usake mana meM yaha zaMkA jarUra uThI ki Ane vAle ke pairoM kI AvAja zAyada samatAla nahIM hai| pairoM ke par3ane kI jo AvAja A rahI hai, vaha lar3akhar3Ane jaisI AvAja hai| aisA kyA hai- vaha anumAna lagAne lgaa| __ 'bhAI! vRkSa ke nIce akele baiThe-baiThe kyA kara raho ho? kisI ke Ane kI pratIkSA kara rahe ho kyA? kahIM jAne kA vicAra hai?' itane sAre prazna eka sAtha suna kara aMdhe vyakti kA utsAha jagA A. vaha bolA- 'bhAI ! tuma dekha rahe hooge ki maiM dRSTihIna huuN| akele isaliye baiThA hU~ ki koI saMgIsAthI mila jAe aura maiM apanI maMjila taka pahu~ca jaauuN| aise kisI sAthI kI hI pratIkSA hai, mujhe yazavaMtapura jAnA hai|' ____ Ane vAlA vyakti laMgar3A thaa| vaha calane se majabUra thA- kucha kadama ghisaTate-ghisaTate muzkila se hI cala pAtA thaa| hA~, bhalI-bhA~ti dekha sakatA thA vh| usane khuza hote hue javAba diyA- 'bhAI! mujhe bhI yazavaMtapura hI jAnA hai, lekina laMgar3A hU~ aura bhalI-bhA~ti cala bhI nahIM sakatA huuN| dekhane kI kSamatA mere pAsa hai|' ___ isa laMgar3e vyakti ko jJAna kA pratIka mAna liijiye| jJAna jAna sakatA hai, samajha sakatA hai, samAdhAna aura nirNaya le sakatA hai lekina maMjila kI rAha para ThIka se cala pAne meM asamartha hotA hai| rAha ko jAnanA eka bAta hai lekina rAha pakar3a kara maMjila taka pahu~canA to cale binA saMbhava nhiiN| dekhane vAle ko calane vAlA cAhiye aura calane vAle ko dekhane vaalaa| rAha taya karake maMjila taka pahu~ca pAnA tabhI saMbhava hai| ___laMgar3e vyakti ne aMdhe vyakti ko saMbodhita karate hue kahA- bhAI! hama donoM samaya se yazavaMtapura pahu~ca sakate haiM aura usake liye mere pAsa eka arthaparNa sajhAva hai| yadi isa sajhAva ko tama mAna sako to hama donoM kA mantavya saphala ho sakatA hai| aMdhe ko isa AzvAsana se bar3hakara aura kyA cAhiye thA, utsukatA se usane pUchA- bhAI! ApakA sujhAva batAiye, maiM use mAnane ko taiyAra huuN| laMgar3e vyakti ne kahA- maiM cala nahIM sakatA, lekina dUra-dUra taka dekha sakatA huuN| tuma dekha nahIM sakate, lekina teja cAla se cala sakate ho| hama donoM mila jAeM to hamArA kAma bana sakatA hai| tama majhe apane kaMdhe para biThAlo, maiM rAha sujhAtA jAU~gA aura tuma calate jaanaa| apane-apane abhAva ke uparAnta bhI hama apane lakSya taka yathAsAdhya zIghra pahu~ca jaaeNge| jJAna kA prastAva cAritra ne svIkAra kara liyaa| jJAna, cAritra kA patha darzaka bana gayA aura cAritra patha caalk| donoM kA saMyoga isa kAraNa baiTha sakA ki donoM ke bIca meM vizvAsa kA sUtra baiTha gyaa| yaha bIca vAlA darzana thA- laMgar3e aura aMdhe kI yuti kI AsthA kI kdd'ii| yoM lakSya ke liye mArga sadha gayA-jAno, mAno aura kro| jJAna aura cAritra kI paraspara anivAryatA kI eka paurANika kathA bhI le leN| pAMDava aura kaurava 140

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ratnatraya kA tatIya ratla kitanA maulika, kitanA mArmika? putroM ke zikSA guru the dronnaacaary| apane Azrama meM ve una rAjaputroM ko bahu AyAmI zikSA pradAna kara rahe the| eka dina sabako yaha pATha yAda karane ke liye diyA gayA ki 'satyaM vada' (satya bolo)| itanA choTA sA pATha aura tIkSNabuddhi vAle rAjakumAra-koI kaThinAI nahIM thI saba ke liye sivAya eka rAjakumAra ke| dUsare dina sabhI ne apanA yAda kiyA huA pATha sunA diyaa| parantu yudhiSThira cupa rhaa| AcArya ne kucha roSa ke sAtha pUchA- kyA tumheM itanA-sA pATha bhI yAda nahIM huaa| yudhiSThira ne apanA sira hilA diyA- abhI taka mujhe yaha pATha yAda nahIM ho pAyA hai, gurudeva! pratidina inakAra karate-karate Akhira dasa-pandraha dina bAda yudhiSThira ne prasannatApUrvaka uttara diyA- 'gurudeva! aba mujhe pATha bhalIbhA~ti yAda ho gayA hai|' droNAcArya ne santoSa kI sA~sa lI, lekina ve apanI cintA ko chipA nahIM sake, pUcha baiThe- 'yudhiSThira! itane choTe se pATha ko yAda karane meM tumheM itanA samaya lagA?' yudhiSThira ne kahA- 'gurudeva! satya bolanA sarala kArya nhiiN| binA AcaraNa ke eka bAta jAna lenA alaga bAta hai, kintu mere vicAra meM koI bhI pATha tabhI yAda kiyA mAnA jA sakatA hai jaba usa para saphala AcaraNa karake Azvasta ho jaaveN| aba maiMne abhyAsa kara liyA hai aura Azvasta bhI ho gayA hU~ ki maiM apane jIvana meM sadA satya hI boluuNgaa| maiMne satya bolane ko apane jJAna tathA AcaraNa donoM meM samAviSTa kara liyA hai|' ___yaha kathA jJAna aura cAritra ke anyonyAzrita sambandha para gaharA prakAza DAlatI hai aura spaSTa saMketa detI hai ki donoM meM se kevala eka tattva kA samarthana jIvana ko sArthaka nahIM banA sakatA hai| tIna ratnoM ko pahicAniye aura unakA mola AMkiye! ___ bhArata ke adhyAtmavAdI darzanoM ne, jinameM jaina darzana bhI sammilita hai, jIvana ke antima lakSya ke rUpa meM mokSa ko mAnyatA dI hai| sAmAnya rUpa se mokSa yA mukti kA nAma hai kisI bhI anacAhe bandhana ko tor3a kara svataMtra ho jaanaa| bandhana kA viparyaya mokSa hai| dharma darzana jisa mokSa kI bAta karate haiM, vaha eka prakAra se antima mokSa hai, kyoMki sabase bar3A bandhana yaha zarIra mAnA gayA hai jo janma-janmAntara meM banA rahatA hai| isa bandhana ko tor3ane kA artha hai janma-janmAntara kA samApta ho jAnA tathA AtmA kA zuddha Atma svarUpa meM avasthita ho jaanaa| yoM sAmAnya jIvana meM bhI bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke bandhana jIvanI zakti ko jakar3ate haiM, jinase mukti pAne para bhI bhItarI Ananda kA anubhava hotA hai| isa dRSTi se mokSa yA mukti kI abhilASA paga-paga para aura aMtima rUpa se bhI sabhI ko rahatI hai| manuSya bandhana ko sadA hI kaSTakAraka mAnatA hai aura usase mukti ko aannddaayk| AcArya umAsvAti ne mokSa ke svarUpa ko ati saMkSepa meM batAyA hai ki baMdha ke kAraNoM kA abhAva hone para jo Atmika vikAsa paripUrNa ho jAtA hai, vahI mokSa hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jJAna aura vItarAga bhAva kI parAkASThA hI mokSa hai| (tattvArtha sUtra-gujarAtI pRSTha 4) mokSa kI prApti ke liye hI trividha sAdhanA paddhati kA vidhAna hai| jaina darzana meM bhI trividha sAdhanA mArga kA viziSTa evaM gauravapUrNa sthAna hai| isa sAdhanA kA mUla AdhAra samyag darzana, samyag jJAna tathA samyak cAritra rUpa ratna traya hai| ye tIna ratna haiM, jo mokSa patha ko prakAzita karate haiM arthAt sAdhaka ina tIna siddhAMtoM kI samyak sAdhanA karake mokSagAmI ho sakatA hai| ratnatraya kI ekatA ko hI mokSa mArga 141

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sucaritram kahA hai| ratna traya kA spaSTa ullekha pahalI bAra AcArya umAsvAti ne kiyA hai aura apane graMtha tattvArtha sUtra ke pahale adhyAya ke pahale sUtra ke rUpa meM isa mokSa mArga kA ullekha kiyA hai- 'samyagdarzana jJAna carittANi mokSamArgaH', arthAtaH samyag darzana, jJAna tathA cAritra- ye tInoM mila kara mokSa kA sAdhana banate haiN| yoM AcArAMga meM isa trividha sAdhanA mArga ke liye sIdhe-sIdhe kahIM eka sAtha darzana, jJAna aura cAritra zabda kA prayoga nahIM huA hai| eka sUtra ke mAdhyama se ahiMsA, prajJA aura samAdhi ke rUpa meM trividha sAdhanA mArga kA vidhAna hai| (AcArAMga 1-6-1) / trividha sAdhanA mArga kA ullekha anya dharma darzanoM meM bhI milatA hai| bauddha darzana meM zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA rUpa trividha sAdhanA mArga batAyA gayA hai| gItA meM bhI jJAna, bhakti (zraddhA) aura karma ke rUpa meM trividha sAdhanA mArga kA varNana huA hai| manovaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI mAnavIya cetanA ke tIna pakSoM kA hI pUrNa vikAsa ananta jJAna-darzana ananta saukhya (Ananda) aura ananta vIrya (ananta zakti) ke rUpa meM ullikhita huA hai| sAmAnyatayA mukti ke do sAdhana bhI kahe gaye haiM- 'jJAnakriyAbhyAM mokSaH' arthAt jJAna aura kriyA se mokSa prApta hotA hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM 'ahiMsu vijjA caraNaM pamokkho' (1-12-11) bhI kahA gayA hai jisa kA artha hai ki vidyA aura AcaraNa mokSa ke sAdhana haiN| isa prakAra tIna ratna mAne yA do- Azaya eka hI hai| jJAna aura cAritra mukhya hai hI aura darzana donoM kI kaDI hai| darzana kA artha hotA hai dRSTi yA vijana, jo satya tattva kA sAkSAtkAra karAtA hai yA zraddhA ke sUtra se jJAna aura cAritra ko jor3atA hai| kucha jAnA jAe aura usa jAnakArI para vizvAsa na ho to usa jAnakArI ko AcaraNa meM utAra pAnA mumakina nahIM hotaa| jJAna kiyA hai aura mana ne usakA mAna nahIM kiyA to vaha caritra kA aMga kaise bana sakegA? AsthA ke binA jJAna para AcaraNa saMbhava nahIM aura saca to yaha hai ki ye tInoM tattva alaga-alaga nahIM hai- tInoM eka dUsare se sambaddha haiN| tInoM meM se kisI eka tattva kI bhI upekSA phaladAyI nahIM hogii| sabase pahale samyak zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai ki tInoM kArya sahI hone cAhie arthAta sahI jAno. sahI mAno aura sahI kro| na laMgaDA maMjila pA sakegA aura na aMdhA- donoM ko vizvAsapUrvaka sahayoga karanA hogA, tabhI maMjila milane kI AzA jAgRta ho skegii| __ isa prakAra kI trividha sAdhanA na kevala carama mokSa ke liye Avazyaka hai, apitu, jIvana kI gati ko pragatimaya banAye rakhane ke liye bhI yaha trividha sAdhanA paddhati upayogI evaM lAbhadAyaka hai| jAno, mAno aura karo kI zrRMkhalA meM 'karo' kA maulika mahattva trividha sAdhanA paddhati ke uparokta tInoM sAdhana eka prakAra se saMyukta zrRMkhalA ke rUpa meM hai aura tInoM ke saphala saMyoga se lakSya prApti saMbhava ho sakatI hai kintu eka-eka sAdhana kI mahattA kI alaga se mImAMsA bhI isa kAraNa Avazyaka hai ki tInoM kA tAlamela samyak rIti se biThAyA jA ske| jAno, mAno aura karo kI zrRMkhalA meM tInoM ke pahale samyak vizeSaNa anivArya hai| mithyA jJAna yA darzana yA cAritra mahattvahIna haiN| samyak kA artha hai yathArtha / jJAna yathArtha honA cAhiye aura usI rUpa meM darzana aura cAritra bhI yathArtha hone caahiye| satya ke prati dRr3ha niSThA yA pratIti hI samyaktva kA AdhAra 142

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ratnatraya kA tRtIya ratla kitanA maulika, kitanA mArmika? hai| vyakti svayaM yathArtha dRSTikoNa ke mAdhyama se satya tattva kA sAkSAtkAra kare yA Apta vacanoM para dRr3ha AsthA rakhakara zraddhA ke dvArA tattva kA sAkSAtkAra kare-koI antara nahIM pdd'taa| mukhya abhiprAya yaha hai ki jJAna aura cAritra kA pallU Apasa meM pUrI sAtvikatA se baMdhA rahanA caahiye| inake bIca meM zaMkA kA koI sthAna na rahe, balki viveka aura vizvAsa ke sAtha sAdhanA kA saMkalpa sudRr3hatara hotA rhe| dRSTi samyak rahe tabhI jJAna aura cAritra bhI samyak bane rahate haiN| trividha sAdhanA mArga ke rUpa meM jJAna kA AdhAragata mahattva hai| jAnane para hI karane kA zubhAraMbha ho sakatA hai| jAnane ke binA karanA to mAtra aMdhApana hai| eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna kI yAtrA karanI hai to usake mArga kI jAnakArI jarUrI hai| usake bAda hI yAtrA kA krama zurU kiyA jA sakatA hai| kaisA bhI choTA-bar3A kAma ho, vaha kAma tabhI kAmayAbI se kiyA jA sakegA, jaba usakI pUrI-pUrI jAnakArI pahale le lI jaae| jIvana meM bhI AcaraNa kA abhyAsa karanA ho, vyavahAra vidhi nizcita karanI ho athavA cAritra yA AcAra kI sAdhanA karanI ho to pahale tatsambandhI sampUrNa jJAna prApta kara lenA Avazyaka hai| yathArtha jJAna kI prApti kA prathama caraNa hai jijJAsA- nayA nayA aura adhikAdhika jAnane kI abhilaassaa| yaha abhilASA srota rUpa hai| jijJAsA ke mArga meM sandeha se bhI sAmanA hotA hai, kintu saMdeha svAbhAvika hai to burA nhiiN| jo saMzaya ko jAnatA hai vaha samyak rUpa se saMsAra ke svarUpa ko jAna letA hai| jJAna se hI heya (tyAgane lAyaka), upAdeya (grahaNa karane lAyaka) tatha jJeya (jAnane lAyaka) tattvoM kI pahicAna hotI hai aura jJAna kI usI dhArA se jJAtA jJeya kA jJAna aura heya kA parityAga kara detA hai| parantu jo saMzaya ko nahIM jAnatA hai, vaha saMsAra ke svarUpa ko bhI nahIM jAnatA hai (AcArAMga, 1-5-1) / jaba taka kisI padArtha ke viSaya meM saMzaya nahIM hotA taba taka usake sambandha meM jJAna ke naye-naye unmeSa bhI nahIM khulate haiN| saMzaya kA sahI artha hai- vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnane kI icchA aura aisA jijJAsAmUlaka saMzaya manuSya kI jJAna vRddhi kA sabase bar3A kAraNa banatA hai| saMzaya arthagata aura anarthagata donoM prakAra kA ho sakatA hai, kintu jJAna ke vikAsa kI yAtrA donoM prakAra ke saMzayoM ke AdhAra para Arambha hotI hai| isI se jJeya-upAdeya kI jAnakArI aura heya kI tyAga karane pravRtti panapatI hai| saMsAra kA pratyeka padArtha ananta dharmAtmaka hai aura usa ananta kA jJAna ananta hI kara sakatA hai| isakA Azaya yahI hai ki jisane kisI vastu ko sampUrNa rUpa se jAna liyA hai, vaha anya sabhI vastuoM ko sampUrNa rUpa se jAna sakatA hai (je egaM jANai, se savve jANaiH je savvaM jANai, se egaM jANaiH AcArAMga, 1-3-4) / kevalajJAna ke rUpa meM jJAna kA sampUrNa vikAsa sampanna hotA hai aura kevalajJAna ananta svarUpI hotA hai| jAnane kI zakti kI pUrNa abhivyakti hI mAnava jIvana kA antima sAdhya hai| ratna traya meM tIsare ratna cAritra kA maulika tathA mArmika mahattva hai, kyoMki sAdhanA kI saphalatA kA yahI nirNAyaka aMga hai| cAritra yA caritra kA uddezya hotA hai jIvana ko bandhana-mukta banAnA-vaha bandhana cAhe kaisA bhI ho, usase mukti Avazyaka hotI hai| samyak cAritra kA nizcayAtmaka artha hai 143

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sucaritram svasvarUpa meM ramaNa karanA aura sva kA dAyarA utanA vizAla mAnA gayA hai, jisameM pUre vizva kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| jaina darzana meM cAritra ke do rUpa mAna gae haiM-(1) vyavahAra cAritra (bAhya) tathA (2) nizcaya cAritra (aantrik)| nizcaya cAritra ke rUpa meM samatA evaM sva svarUpa ramaNatA kA vivecana hai, jabaki vyavahAra cAritra ke antargata AcaraNa ke bAhya vidhi-vidhAnoM, niyamopaniyamoM Adi kA nirUpaNa hai| vyavahAra cAritra ko nizcaya cAritra kI prApti kA sAdhana batAyA gayA hai| sAmAjika dRSTikoNa se vyavahAra cAritra hI pramukha hotA hai| ___ cAritra, caritra, AcAra yA AcaraNa kI mahattA jJAna kI tulanA meM adhika maulika hai, kyoMki AcAra rahita jJAna ko anupayogI mAnA gayA hai| vahI mAnava mahAmAnava bana sakatA hai jisakA AcAra ucca koTi kA ho| kAraNa, cAritra hI jIvana kahA gayA hai (kaMDakTa ija laaiiph)| AcaraNa ke lie jIvana kI upamA gUDhArtha lie hue hai| samajhie ki mAnava ke zarIra meM jIvana ko kAyama rakhane ke lie rakta ho, vizva kI sthiti ko samajhane ke lie jJAna ho aura vaha satya ko samyak rUpa se jAnatA bhI ho, phira bhI yadi ina saba kA upayoga caritra nirmANa meM nahIM kiyA jAtA ho to usa jJAna, jAnakArI aura jIvana kA kyA lAbha? jJAna prApta kara lene mAtra se kArya kI siddhi nahIM ho jAtI (na nANamittaNa kajja niSphati-abhidhAna rAjendra koSa 4/1989) / jJAna aura jAnakArI usI prakAra vyartha ho jAegI jisa prakAra samparNa khAdya padArthoM ke viSaya meM parI jAnakArI hAsila karake bhI unheM na khAne para bhUkha jyoM kI tyoM banI rahatI hai| vastataH jJAna ke kriyAtmaka rUpa ko hI AcaraNa kahA jAtA hai| AcaraNa ke abhAva meM korA jJAna kabhI arthapUrNa nahIM bntaa| jo jJAna AcaraNa meM nahIM utarA, vaha to sirpha bojhA hai| jaise candana kA bojhA Dhone vAlA gadhA use sirpha bojhA hI samajhatA hai usakI sagandha se anajAna hone se, vaise hI AcaraNahIna vidvAn mAtra graMthoM kA bojhA hI uThAtA hai| ___ pAzcAtya vidvAna svInaoNka kahatA hai ki binA cAritra kA jJAna zIze kI A~kha ke samAna hai jo dekhane ke lie nahIM sirpha dikhalAne ke lie hotI hai aura hotI hai ekadama upayogitA rhit| mahAtmA gAMdhI kA bhI maMtavya hai ki cAritrahIna bauddhika jJAna sugandhita zava ke samAna hai| zAstroM kA Dhera sArA adhyayana bhI caritrahIna ke lie kisa kAma kA? jo sAdhaka caritra guNa se hIna hai, vaha bahuta se zAstra par3ha lene para bhI sAMsArikatA ke samudra meM DUba jAtA hai (caraNaguNa vippahINo buDui subahuM pi jANato-abhidhAna rAjendra koSa 6/442) / yaha gaharAI se samajha lenA cAhie ki AcArahIna jJAna aura jJAnahIna AcAra donoM naSTa ho jAte haiM, ataH jJAna aura kriyA kA sundara samanvaya sAdhA jAnA caahie| jJAna aura darzana kI niSThA sAkAra rUpa letI hai AcAra kI ArAdhanA meM "paDhamaM nANaM tao dayA, evaM ciTThai savvasaMjae" ke anusAra pahale jJAna kI ArAdhanA karanI cAhie aura usake bAda cAritra kI aaraadhnaa| jJAna ke binA cAritra kI ArAdhanA saMbhava nahIM, kintu jo jJAna prApta karake bhI tadanusAra AcaraNa nahIM karate, ve apanI AtmAoM ko dhokhA dete haiM aura dUsaroM ko bhI dhokhA dete haiN| apanI paMDitAI para abhimAna karane vAle caritrahIna vyakti nAnA prakAra kI bhASAe~ bhale hI jAnate hoM, magara ve bhASAe~ duHkha se unakI rakSA nahIM kara sakatI hai, kyoMki AcaraNa ke binA jJAna mahattvahIna ho jAtA hai| 144

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ratnatraya kA tRtIya ratla kitanA maulika, kitanA mArmika? krAntikArI vicAraka AcArya zrI javAharalAlajI ma.sA. ne AcaraNa ko svataMtratA ke sAtha jor3ate hue apane AcaraNa ko svataMtra banAne para bala diyA hai| jJAna aura cAritra zIrSaka vAle unake eka pravacana ke vicAra mananIya hai| ve kahate haiM-apanA kAma apane hAtha se karane kI bAta para gaharAI ke sAtha vicAra karane para Apako mAlUma hogA ki svataMtratA kA mUlya kyA hai? agara Apa sAvadhAna hokara dekheM to Apako patA lagegA ki Apake saba kAma parAdhIna haiN| bhojana khAnA to Apa meM se sabhI ko AtA hai, lekina bhojana banAnA kitanoM ko AtA hai? ....magara loga to isa bhrama ke zikAra haiM ki hAtha se kAma nahIM kareMge to pApa se baca jAeMge, magara kyA yaha pApa se chUTane kA rAstA hai? bhojana ke samAna hI anna, vastra Adi meM utpAdana meM bhI vahI sthiti hai| Apa svAdhIna kisI bhI cIja ke lie nahIM haiN| Apake khyAla se kapar3A banAnA nIca kA kAma hai aura pahinanA U~ce logoM kA kaam| kyA yahI samadRSTi kA lakSaNa hai? svataMtratA ko bhUla jAne se Aja dharma meM bhI gulAmI ho rahI hai| Apa meM se bahutoM ko dharma bhI vahI rucikara hogA jisake sunane para kriyA nahIM karanI par3e, magara vicAra karanA cAhie ki kyA yaha ucita hai? ....merI isa bAta ko yAda rakho ki jJAnayukta kriyA ke binA aura kriyAyukta jJAna ke binA Apa dharma aura saMsAra ko nahIM jAna sakate haiN| ataH jo bhI kriyA sAmane Ave usa para vicAra karo ki yaha kriyA maiMne kI hai yA nahIM? agara nahIM kI hai to maiM usa para abhimAna kaise kara sakatA hU~? isa prakAra vicAra kara usa kriyA kA badalA dene kI cintA rkho| aisA nahIM kiyA to sira para RNa car3hA rhegaa| Aja Apa sIdhA khAte haiM to yaha mata samajhie ki yaha Apako yoM hI mila gayA hai| Apako jo prApta hotA hai, vaha ApakI kisI kriyA kA phala hai| ise khAkara agara Apane isa saMsAra aura dharma kI sevA nahIM kI to mAnie ki Apane apanI saMcita pU~jI gaMvA dI hai (bIkAnera ke vyAkhyAna, pRSTha 139-145) / kitanI satyokti kahI hai vicAra krAnti ke sUtradhAra AcArya zrI ne? jisane saMsAra ke kAryoM tathA apanI jIvana caryA meM AcaraNa kA mahattva nahIM samajhA aura nahIM apanAyA to bhalA vaha dharma ke kSetra meM kyA kucha sArthaka kara sakegA? tAtparya yahI hai ki jJAna aura darzana ke prati nirmita niSThA tabhI phalavatI bana sakatI hai jaba vaha AcAra kI ArAdhanA meM-karmaNyatA ke kSetra meM eka zUravIra ke samAna apane parAkrama kA paricaya de tathA saMsAra ko sikhAveM ki sArI burAIyoM kI jar3a yaha caritrahInatA hai aura caritra kA sucArU gaThana karake hI jJAna aura darzana ko sAkAra rUpa diyA jA sakatA hai| AcAra mImAMsA ke AdigraMtha ke eka adhyAya lokasAra kA sAra jaina AgamoM meM AcArAMga ko Agama ziromaNi kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki isameM vaha saba kucha hai jo AcAra saMbaMdhI anya graMthoM meM hai, balki unase bhI bahuta adhika hai| ise AcAra kI mImAMsA kA Adi graMtha kahA jA sakatA hai| sAdhanA jIvana vikAsa kI eka satat prakriyA hotI hai ata: usakI ekarUpatA eka AcAra paddhati ke antargata hI banI rahatI hai| AcAra para vizeSa bala dene kA yahI mukhya kAraNa hai| AcAra samyak honA cAhie anyathA sAdhaka makar3I ke jAle kI taraha svayaM hI svakRta anAcAra ke jAla meM pha~sa jAtA hai| AcArAMga kA AcAraparaka dRSTikoNa prakAza staMbha ke samAna baMdhana mukti kI dizA meM prasthAna karane kI prakriyA prastuta karatA hai| 145

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sucaritram AcArAMga kA sampUrNa viSaya vastu AcAra ke AdhArabhUta tattvoM, asadAcAra ke kAraNoM, paMcAcAra vizleSaNa, AcAra kI mImAMsAtmaka daSTi, sAdhanA ke svarUpa Adi sambandhita sabhI viSayoM kA gahanatA se Akalana karatA hai| yahA~ isa Agama ke 'lokasAra' nAmaka mAtra eka adhyAya kA saMkSipta vivecana isa uddezya se prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai tAki pAThaka pUre Agama kI gaharAI kI eka jhalaka pA skeN| lokasAra AcAra ke Adi graMtha kA pAMcavAM adhyayana hai, jisameM chaH uddezaka haiM-cAritra pratipAdana, cAritra vikAsa ke upAya, vastu viveka, svAtaMtrya mImAMsA, akhaMDa vizvAsa tathA satpuruSoM kI AjJA kA phl| adhyayana kA AraMbha sAragarbhita hai kyoMki vaha sAra-varNana ke sAtha Age bar3hatA hai| prazna kiyA gayA hai ki loka arthAt saMsAra kA sAra kyA hai? sAtha hI uttara hai-saMsAra kA sAra dharma hai| phira praznottara calate haiM-dharma kA sAra kyA hai? dharma kA sAra jJAna hai| jJAna kA sAra kyA hai? jJAna kA sAra saMyama hai| saMyama kA sAra kyA hai? saMyama kA sAra mokSa hai| mokSa kA sAra kyA hai? mokSa kA sAra Ananda hai| sAra rUpa yaha varNana svAbhAvika aura mArmika hai| sAra kA yaha krama samajhane yogya hai| saMsAra meM rahate hue dharma/karttavya kA pAlana kiyA jAe to ekatA evaM samatA kI sthiti sudRr3ha bnegii| isa zAntimaya evaM sahayogI vAtAvaraNa meM avazya hI saba ora jJAna kI jijJAsA jAgRta hogI tathA jJAna kA adhikatama vistAra saMbhava bnegaa| jJAna ke vistAra kA sunizcita prabhAva AcaraNa para par3egA aura caritra gaThana kA bhAva prabala bnegaa| caritra gaThana kA supariNAma saMyama hI hotA hai| saMyama kA artha hai aisA AtmAnuzAsana ki jo saMsAra ke samasta prANiyoM ke lie hitAvaha siddha ho / saMyama kA sAra mokSa kahA gayA hai-yaha gUr3ha viSaya hai| saMyama kI sAdhanA se hI vaha zakti utpanna hotI hai jo pratyeka prakAra ke bandhana se chuTakArA dilAne meM sakSama hotI hai| yaha sakSamatA sabase pahale yahA~ aura isa jIvana meM mokSa kI jhalaka dikhAtI hai| yaha satya hai ki mokSa kA sAra Ananda hai| kisI bhI prakAra ke bandhana se jaba mukti milegI to yaha nizcita hai ki usakA pahalA prabhAva Ananda ke rUpa meM hI prakaTa hogaa| aisI AnandAnubhUti ke lie yaha sAra varNana kramika, sacoTa aura sundara hai| ___ lokasAra adhyayana ke chaH uddezakoM (upAdhyayanoM) meM varNita viSaya haiM-kAmanAe~-vAsanAe~ : unake kAraNa va nivAraNa ke upAya, apramAda kI mahattA kA pratipAdana, parigraha tyAga tathA kAma virakti kA sandeza, aparipakva sAdhu ke ekAkI vihAra kI sambhAvita hAniyA~, karmabaMdha evaM usake viveka kA nirUpaNa, AcArya kI mahimA, satya, zraddhA, madhyastha bhAva, ahiMsA evaM AtmasvarUpa kA samyak vivecana, muktAtmA ke svarUpa kA mArmika varNana aadi| mokSamArga ke tIna ratnoM meM tIsare ratna AcAra yA cAritra kA pUre Agama meM vyApaka vivecana hai aura usakI sArapUrNa jhalaka isa adhyayana meM spaSTatA se parilakSita hotI hai| ___ saMsAra kA sAra dharma batAyA gayA hai aura dharma kI yathArtha vyAkhyA hai-vastu kA jo mUla svabhAva hai, vahI usakA dharma mAnA jaaegaa| jaise eka lakaDI ke TakaDe kA mala svabhAva pAnI kI sataha para tairanA hai to ise usakA dharma kaha diijie| svabhAva ke sAtha vibhAva bhI hotA hai| lakaDI ke TakaDe ko lohe kI peTI meM banda karake pAnI meM DAlA jAegA to vaha tairegA nahIM, DUba jaaegaa| isI prakAra AtmA kA .146

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ralatraya kA tRtIya ratna kitanA maulika, kitanA mArmika? mUla svabhAva hai sabhI baMdhanoM ko tor3akara halkApana lAte hue UrdhvagAmI bnnaa| saMsAra meM AtmAe~ nyUnAdhika rUpa se apane asadAcAra se bandhana rUpa AvaraNa yukta banI rahatI hai| ina AvaraNoM ko yAnI vartamAna vibhAva ko jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI ArAdhanA se tor3anA hotA hai| saba AvaraNoM kA haTa jAnA aura AtmA kA apane mUla svabhAva meM pahu~ca jAnA hI usakA mokSa -cira Anandamaya sthiti kI upalabdhi hotA hai| to dharma usa sAdhanA kA nAma hai jisase hama apane mUla svabhAva ko pA skeN| yoM dharma kA mUla svarUpa mAnava dharma hogaa| ____ isalie isa saMsAra meM sarvaprathama jo prApya hai, vaha hai vastu svabhAva kA jJAna / vastu svarUpa kI cittavRtti para saMskAra rUpa meM jisa kI sthApanA hotI hai usakA nAma hai jJAna / aisA samyak jJAna ho jAne ke bAda satya kI jijJAsA jAgatI hai| yaha jijJAsA mAnava ko usake vibhAva se use zanaiH zanaiH dUra karate hue svabhAva kI ora gati karAtI hai| yaha svabhAva kI ora gati karAne vAlI jo sAdhanA yA zakti hai, usI kA nAma hai cAritra yA aacaar| cAritra gaThana ke bAda mana kI vRttiyoM para vijaya pAne kA eka abhiyAna sA calatA hai jisakA samApana sampUrNa vijaya ke sAtha hI hotA hai / citta saMskAroM meM sarvathA kSaya kI dazA kA nAma mokSa hai| isa prakAra Ananda, sukha aura zAnti ke dhyeya ko prApta karane ke lie saddharma kI ArAdhanA anivArya hai| sacce dharma ke siddhAnta ve haiM jo mAnava ko kAmanAoM aura vAsanAoM ke sukhAbhAsa se dUra karake sacce sukha kI zodha meM mana, indriyoM tathA zarIra ko prerita kare aura aise dharma siddhAntoM ke AcaraNa meM jo juTa jAtA hai, use hI saccA caritravAna jIvana kahA jA skegaa| __ hiMsA kI bhartsanA karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki manuSya dUsaroM ko mArane se pahale vAstava meM apanA hI vadha karatA hai| isa kAraNa jaba taka AtmAbhimukhatA aura Atmavat bhAvanA paidA nahIM hogI taba taka vaha sabake sAtha maitrI bhAva se dUra hI rhegaa| isa ajJAnavasthA kI usakI sArI kriyAe~ sva para ghAtaka hI siddha hotI hai| bhUla kA mUla ajJAna hai aura bhUla karane vAle se bhI bhUla ko chipAne vAlA bar3A aparAdhI hotA hai| bhUla kA bhAna manuSya ko caritra ke mArga para Age bar3hane ke bAda hI hotA hai aura taba jijJAsA, jJAna, nirNaya aura saMyama kA krama calatA hai| caritra kA vikAsa Antarika bala kI nIMva para hI saMbhava hai| caritra vAstavikatAoM ke garbha se janma letA hai tathA usako gaThita evaM vikasita karane ke lie viziSTa upAyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| sadA viveka jAgRta rahanA cAhie tathA dUSita pravRttiyoM se dUra haTane kA kArya bAdhita na ho| upayoga kI jaba bhI zUnyatA AtI hai to usase adharma bhar3aka jAtA hai| sAtha hI Asakti kA vicAra karanA cAhie jisase parigraha kA tyAga sahaja bana ske| satya meM zraddhA aura vicAroM meM samabhAva ko apanAne se hI caritrabala pallavita evaM puSpita hotA hai tathA sabhI prakAra ke karmoM ke bandhana naSTa hote haiN| caritra gaThana evaM usake vikAsa ke upAyoM ko apanAne va AjamAne ke bAda parigraha ke prati mUrchA yA Asakti kI vRtti manda hone lagatI hai tathA aparigraha vRtti kI prabalatA bar3hatI jAtI hai| bAhya parigraha pAsa rahe tathA usakA upayoga bhI kiyA jAe, kintu yadi usake prati Asakti yA mamatva na rahe to vaha parigrahI vRtti nhiiN| asala meM bhItara kI jo parigraha vRtti hotI hai vahI parigraha hai| parigrahI vRtti 147

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sucaritram taba bhI ho sakatI hai jaba pAsa meM bhale hI bAhya parigraha kucha bhI na ho| isa vRtti ko samajhane aura isase chuTakArA pAne ke lie anekAntavAda yA syAdvAda kA vicAra bahuta upayogI hai kyoMki usake dvArA vastu ke vividha pahaluoM ko eka sAtha samajhate hue parigraha vRtti kA zamana kiyA jA sakatA hai| sAtha hI samabhAva kA viveka prabala rUpa dhAraNa karanA cAhie jisase tyAga bhAva jAgrata ho| samatA aura tyAga kI yuti kAryakSama hotI hai| saccA tyAga vahI mAnA jAegA, jo samatA se utpanna ho| tabhI vRttiyoM ke zuddhikaraNa kA prayAsa prAraMbha hotA hai| satya kI zodha kI ora bhI dhyAna tabhI jAtA hai| satya ke lie Agraha nahIM honA cAhie aura virodhiyoM ke kathanoM meM bhI satyAMza khojA jAnA cAhie-yahI anekAntavAda kA maMtavya hai| caritra kI sAdhanA aura satya kI sAdhanA ekarUpa ho jAnI caahie| isameM svataMtratA kI vicAraNA kA pratipAdana karate hue svataMtratA tathA svacchaMdatA ke bIca kA bheda spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| svacchaMda mAnasa sAdhanA kA virodhI hotA hai| jahA~ niyamitatA, vyavasthitatA tathA viveka buddhi hotI hai, vahIM svataMtratA rahatI hai aura yahI vikAsa kA mArga hai| svacchaMdatA meM vinAza hotA hai| sAdhaka ko svataMtra, dIrghadarzI, jJAnI, sahiSNu, pavitra, upayogamaya kahA gayA hai aura ina vizeSaNoM kA rahasya yahI hai ki usake jIvana meM ina guNoM kA vikAsa honA caahie| sAdhaka ko bAra-bAra cetAyA gayA hai ki vaha apanI caitanya zakti ko vAsanA ke daladala meM girA kara usakA durupayoga na hone de| kyoMki vikRti meM zakti kA sIdhA hrAsa hotA hai| isa dizA meM alpa evaM nIrasa bhojana kA bhI amita mahattva hai| indriyA~ uttejita na ho tathA saMyamita banI rahe-yaha sAdhaka ke lie Avazyaka hai| rasamizrita vastuoM kA upayoga karane se jIvana khAne ke lie ho jAtA hai, jIvana ke lie khAne kI vRtti maMda hone lagatI hai| kisI bhI rUpa meM ho, vAsanA patana kI jar3a bana jAtI hai| strI yA puruSa koI bhI naraka kA dvAra nahIM hai| naraka ke dvAra haiM vAsanA aura moh| moha vijaya hI pUrNa svataMtratA kA mArga hai| sAdhaka ko vibhinna prasaMgoM ke nimitta se anubhava kA lAbha uThAnA caahie| anubhavoM ke sAtha viveka ke prayoga se anta:karaNa meM samanvayAtmaka kriyA kA krama zurU hotA hai| jalAzaya aura maharSi ke dRSTAMtoM se batAyA gayA hai ki nizcita mArga ke lie saMzaya nahIM rahanA cAhie, balki zraddhA ke sAtha sAdhanA meM nirata honA cAhie, kyoMki zraddhA ke binA jJAna nahIM hotA, jJAna ke binA cAritra nahIM hotA aura cAritra ke binA samAdhi nahIM miltii| anubhavI puruSoM ke anubhava, zAstrIya vacana tathA svayaM kI satyazodhaka buddhi ina tInoM kA samanvaya karake satkAryoM meM puruSArtha prayoga karanA caahie| tInoM ke samanvaya meM zraddhA kabhI andha zraddhA nahIM bana skegii| sAdhakoM ko nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki ve satpuruSoM kI AjJA meM cleN| AjJA ko dharma kI saMjJA bhI dI gaI hai| use AjJA kA ArAdhaka honA cAhie, kintu guru kI AjJA kA anusaraNa karate samaya vaha satarkatA Avazyaka hai ki kahIM guru svakIrti athavA mAna ke vikAra se grasta to nahIM hai| akhaMDa zraddhA kA phala akhaMDa puruSArtha ke rUpa meM prakaTa honA caahie| jo apane mana ko vaza meM rakhatA hai, vahI sAdhaka svAvalaMbI bnegaa| kalpanA aura anubhava ke antara kA Akalana karanA cAhie ki bhoga Ananda kA apaharaNa karatA hai, to saMyama sadA Ananda ko samarpita rahatA hai| sAMsArikatA kI Asakti ko tyAga dene para saMsAra kA sAra prApta ho jAtA hai| Asakti ke adhIna rahane se saMsAra nissAra hotA jAtA hai| 148

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ratnatraya kA tatIya ratla kitanA maulika, kitanA mArmika? caritrazIlatA ke mArga para calie aura nae saccaritra samAja kI racanA kIjie AcAra aura cAritra ke vizleSaNa kA abhiprAya yahI hai ki Aja jo caritra kA saMkaTa gaharAtA jA rahA hai tathA jisake kAraNa samAja, rASTra aura saMsAra meM viSamatA, anyAya aura atyAcAra kA daura hai, usameM caritrazIlatA kI mazAla jalAI jaae| vicArakoM, prabuddhoM tathA yuvAoM ko Age AnA cAhie ki ve svayaM caritrazIlatA ke mArga para caleM aura apane Adarza se dUsaroM ko bhI isa mArga para calane kI preraNA deN| unakA dhyeya bananA cAhie ki ve eka nayA abhiyAna calAveM, jana-jana ko Andolita kareM tathA eka aise nae samAja kI racanA kA saMkalpa leM jahA~ caritra gaThana kA uddezya aura abhyAsa sarvopari rhe| Aja vikRtiyoM tathA viSamatAoM kI ora bar3hate hue kadamoM ko udhara se rokane kA isake sivAya anya koI kAragara upAya nahIM hai| ___ caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA na to viziSTa hotI hai aura na hI ekaaNgii| caritra jIvana se alaga kucha nahIM, balki kahA jA sakatA hai ki jIvana caritramaya honA cAhie aura caritra jiivnmy| caritra kA zAbdika artha hI hai calane kI kriyaa| phira calane meM zarIra kI anya sArI kriyAe~ sammilita mAnanI hogii| sahI tarIke se calanA sIkhanA hai isakA yahI to matalaba hogA ki sahI tarIke se uThanA, baiThanA, sonA, bAta karanA Adi pratyeka kriyA pUrI kI jaae| yahI to saba caritra hai aura caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA isa kAraNa sAmAnya rUpa se satata rUpa se calatI rahatI hai| ata: caritra nirmANa ke marma ko gaharAI se samajhane kI jarUrata hai ki hamArI pratyeka pravRtti sughar3a aura sahaja ho aura itanA hI nahI, vaha hamArI antarvRtti kI spaSTa paricAyaka bhI ho| yoM bhItara bAhara jaba cAla calana sahI yAnI samyak ho jAtA hai to sAmAnya rUpa se samajhie ki caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA ne gati pakar3alI hai| 149

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vividhatA meM bhI caritra kI AtmA eka aura usakA lakSya bhI eka samatA kA Adarza hI rASTra utthAna kI saMjIvanI nAgarikoM meM bharata cakravartI kI utkRSTa caritrazIlatA " kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI bhArI carcA thii| aneka nAgarikoM kA mata thA ki hamAre zAsaka bharata mahArAja kI zreSTha caritra niSThA tathA niSparigrahI sAtvikatA ko dekhate hue aisI prazaMsA sarvathA ucita hai aura prazaMsA ke ina svaroM meM hameM bhI apane svara milAne caahie| kintu kucha nAgarika zaMkA ko bar3hAvA de rahe the| unakA mAnanA thA ki chaH khaNDoM kI niraMkuza sattA aura aparimita sampatti ke bIca dina-rAta rAja-kAja meM vyasta rahane vAlA zAsaka niSkAma aura nirAsakta ho sakatA hai athavA niSparigrahI raha sakatA hai, yaha kataI saMbhava nhiiN| parigraha ke bIca dhaMse hue vyakti kI caritrazIlatA ke sambandha meM aisI prazaMsA cATukAritA ke sivAya kucha nhiiN| aise nAgarikoM meM bhI eka vyakti bahuta hI mukhara thaa| sthAna-sthAna para carcA meM agraNI bhAga lete hue vaha bharata cakravartI kI caritra niSThA kA khaMDana karatA- zaMkA se Age bar3hakara usane prazaMsita caritra kI saMbhAvanA se hI nakAranA zurU kara diyaa| usakA tarka thA ki adbhuta sAja-sajjA vAle mahaloM, rUpavatI mahArAniyoM tathA indriyoM ke rasamaya sukhoM kA bhoga karanA aura sattA ke 150

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vividhatA meM bhI caritra kI AtmA eka aura usakA lakSya bhI eka 11

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vividhatA meM bhI caritra kI AtmA eka aura usakA lakSya bhI eka ahaMkAra meM madonmatta rahanA- phira bhI use aparigrahI batAnA, yaha nitAnta mithyA hai| nagara meM carcA ke tevara car3hate gaye aura usake tIkhe svaroM kI bhanaka bharata cakravartI ko bhI lagI / ve nissandeha eka caritra sampanna zAsaka the ataH apanI sArI AlocanA para bhI ve uttejita kataI nahIM hue kintu unake mana meM yaha vicAra avazya umar3A-ghumar3A ki unake nijI caritra ke viSaya meM anargala rUpa se jo bhrama phailAyA jA rahA hai, use nirmUla karanA to ati Avazyaka hI unhoMne usa mukhara vyakti ko rAjyasabhA meM bulA bhejA 1 bharata mahArAja apane siMhAsana para baiThe the aura rAjyasabhA ke sabhI sadasya bhI upasthita the / vaha mukhara vyakti bharata mahArAja ke ThIka sAmane khar3A thA- vaha mukhara thA lekina sAhasI bhI thA / bharata ne pUchA- 'tumheM mere caritra meM saMdeha kyoM haiM?' vaha bala dekara bolA- 'maiM nahIM mAnatA ki apAra rAjasukha meM rahate hue koI sAtvika caritravAlA aparigrahI ho sakatA hai|' bharata ne phira use cher3A- 'aisA bhI to ho sakatA hai ki una apAra sukhoM ke prati usake mana meM koI mUrchA, Asakti yA mamattva na ho / ' vaha ar3A rahA- 'nahIM mahArAja ! yaha asaMbhava hai / ' taba sainikoM ko Adeza diyA gayA ki usa vyakti ke hAtha meM labAlaba tela se bharA eka kaTorA dekara sAre nagara meM use ghumAyA jaae| nagara meM sthAna-sthAna para ramaNIya nATaka Adi Ayojita kiye jaaeN| anya koI bhI kriyA vaha vyakti bhale kare- basa itanA kar3A dhyAna rakhA jAe ki tela ke kaTore se agara eka bhI bUMda bAhara jhalaka jAe to tatkSaNa talavAra se isakA sira dhar3a se alaga kara diyA jaae| AdezAnusAra sainika use nagara meM ghumAne ke liye le cle| vaha mukhara vyakti taba atyanta bhayabhIta aura sAvadhAna ki kahIM tela kI eka bUMda kaTore se bAhara na jhalaka jaae| usakA sArA dhyAna kevala kaTore para kendrita ho gyaa| usake pAMva cala rahe the- isake sivAya use kucha nahIM mAlUma huA ki vaha kaise sAre nagara meM ghUmakara phira se rAjyasabhA meM pahu~ca gayA hai| usakI donoM AMkheM pUre nagara bhramaNa meM khulI thI, lekina sivAya usa kaTore ke ve anya kucha bhI dekha nahIM pAI / yahA~ taka ki bUMda girane kI AhaTa se kaMpita usake kAna bhI na gIta-saMgIta suna pAe aura na hI nAgarikoM ke Anandita svara / usakA sArA dhyAna, sArI zakti jaise usa choTe se kaTore meM samA gaI thI / 'kaho, nAgarika ! tuma nagara bhramaNa kara Ae'- bharata mahArAja ne puuchaa| hA~, mahArAja! usakA dabAdabA javAba thaa| phira pUchA gayA- batAo, nagara kI sajAvaTa tumheM kaisI lagI? nATakoM ke pAtra kaisA mana mohaka abhinaya kara rahe the? gIta-saMgIta kI madhura svara-lahariyoM ne to tumheM Atma-vibhora banA diyA hogaa| use kucha bhI samajha meM nahIM AyA- na usane kucha dekhA aura na kucha sunaa| arthAt usane kahA- 'yaha Apa kyA kaha haiM, mahArAja! kahIM bhI kucha nahIM thaa|' taba sainikoM ko punaH Adeza milA ki aba use phira se khule hAtha aura khule dimAga se nagara bhramaNa karAyA jAya / vaisA hI kiyA gyaa| usake lauTane para phira pUchA gayA ki kyA saba dRzya usane dekhe aura zravya sune| vaha pulakita hokara bolA-'saba kucha adbhuta hai|' aba bharata mahArAja kI bArI thI, kahA- tela ke kaTore ke sAtha pahale yaha saba kucha tuma kyoM nahIM dekha pAe? nAgarika bolA- mRtyu ke bhaya se samUcA dhyAna tela ke kaTore para kendrita ho gayA, ataH 151

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sucaritram pahale kucha bhI dekha-suna nahIM paayaa| taba bharata mahArAja ne samajhAnA zurU kiyA-- bhAI ! tumane mRtyu bhaya ko sa thala rUpa meM mahasasa kiyA ataH vivazatA thI, kintu mRtyu kA sUkSma cintana karA Ara mana kA saMyamita banA lo to vaha svayaMmeva sAtvikatA tathA caritrazIlatA meM Dhala jAegI aura yaha saba svaicchika hogaa| caritra ke sugaThita ho jAne para bhale hI koI sattA aura sampatti ke ambAra para baiThA rahe taba bhI vaha niSparigrahI ho sakatA hai| apane anubhava se aba mere caritra ke liye tumhArA kyA mata hai? nAgarika ke mu~ha se koI bola nahIM phUTA- basa A~khoM se pazcAttApa ke AMsU jharate rahe aura usakA sira bharata mahArAja ke caraNoM meM loTa-poTa ho gyaa| caritra prayoga ke bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke kSetra parantu AntarikatA eka __ vyakti sabase choTA ghaTaka (IkAI yUniTa) hai to vizva sabase bar3A ghttk| ina do ke bIca meM ghaTakoM kA jAla bichA huA hai| vyakti ke apane samparkoM ke saMkoca yA vyApakatA kA savAla hai ki koI bhI kitane adhika ghaTakoM ke sAtha apane pratyakSa athavA parokSa sambandha jor3atA hai| ye sambandha hI usakI sAmAjika manovRtti kA paricaya dete haiM tathA inhIM se spaSTa hotA hai ki koI bhI vyaktitva kitanA lokapriya athavA alokapriya hai yA jAnA athavA anjaanaa| sAmAjika sambandha hI vyakti ke vikAsa kA dharAtala bhI banate haiM jinakI pRSThabhUmi para vyakti vizva ke stara taka pragati kara letA hai| yaha sahI hai ki mUla ghaTaka to vyakti hI hotA hai aura zeSa sabhI ghaTakoM ko usakI racanA kahA jA sakatA hai| kintu vyakti kI ekalatA aura sAmUhikatA meM bhArI antara A jAtA hai| eka vyakti anuzAsita bhI raha sakatA hai aura anuzAsana se bAhara bhI jA sakatA hai| lekina koI bhI saMgaThana vidhAna, paraMparAoM athavA niyamoM se bAMdha diyA jAtA hai ki pUre saMgaThana ke anuzAsanahIna hone kA avasara bahuta muzkila se hI AtA hai| inameM bhI adhikatara anuzAsana se hIna hotA hai to koI usakA sadasya hI yAnI ki vykti| ___ phira bhI kaI aise udAharaNa sAmane Ate haiM jinameM vidhAna bhI ThukarAe jAte haiM, paramparAe~ bhI tor3I jAtI hai aura virodha tathA vidroha kI sthiti meM arAjakatA kA vAtAvaraNa bhI bana jAtA hai| vartamAna vizva meM aneka dezoM kI sthiti isa rUpa meM AMkI jA sakatI hai| Azaya yaha hai ki bIca ke ghaTakoM meM anuzAsanahInatA samA jAtI hai to vaha sambandhita ghaTaka kI kSetra athavA kArya vyApakatA ke anusAra asthira, azAnta aura arAjaka ho jAtA hai| isase niSkarSa yaha nikalatA hai ki vyakti-vyakti kI anuzAsanahInatA utanI hAniprada nahIM hotI jitanI hAni bhayAvaha bIca ke ghaTakoM kI anuzAsanahInatA se ho jAtI hai| to isa dRSTi se yadi vyakti vyakti ke caritra nirmANa kI athaka koziza kI jAtI hai taba usakA doharA lAbha sunizcita hai| vyakti yadi caritravAn banA to usake jIvana ke saMvarane meM koI saMdeha nahIM rahegA-yaha eka lAbha, lekina dUsarA lAbha itane vizAla paimAne para aura sthAI rUpa se hogA ki anya sAre ghaTakoM meM anuzAsanabaddhatA evaM kAryakuzalatA gahare taka paiTha jaaegii| mUlata: vyakti ke caritra nirmANa se adhika anya koI racanAtmaka kArya ho, aisA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa saMdarbha meM dekheM ki vyakti se Upara vizva ke stara taka aise kaunase pramukha ghaTaka haiM jo vyakti 152

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vividhatA meM bhI caritra kI AtmA eka aura usakA lakSya bhI eka ke vikAsa tathA vyaktvi ke vistAra meM adhika sahAyaka hote haiM aura jiname vyakti ke caritra nirmANa kA athavA usakI caritrazIlatA kA turanta aura teja asara ho sakatA hai| sabase pahale parivAra ko leN| vyakti kI sabase pahalI krIr3A bhUmi, zikSA bhUmi aura karma bhUmi parivAra kI bhUmi hI hotI hai| parivAra ke pAsa koI likhita vidhAna nahIM hotA, usakA kArya sthApita paramparAoM aura sadasyoM ke caritra bala ke AdhAra para hI calatA hai| parivAra kI jar3a khUna ke rizte meM jamatI hai, paramparAoM meM panapatI hai, phira bhI kaI bAra usake sadasyoM kI caritrahInatA ke kAraNa parivAroM kI duHkhAntikAe~ sAmane AtI hai| Aja to saMyukta parivAra TUTate jA rahe haiM aura ekala parivAroM meM bhI vizvAsa tathA zAnti kA mAhaula bigar3a rahA hai| tabhI to talAka kA grApha gaNita meM Upara car3hatA hI jA rahA hai| matalaba ki parivAra kA ghaTaka Aja saMkaTagrasta hai| ___parivAra se Age bar3heM to una saMgaThanoM ko leM jinake sAtha pratyeka vyakti kA parokSa yA aparokSa sambandha rahatA hI hai| inameM sAmAjika, jAtIya, prAdezika aura vibhinna pravRttiyoM se sambandhita saMgaThanoM ko zAmila kara sakate haiN| inase Upara rASTrIya saMgaThana arthAt deza kA zAsana taMtra hai aura antarrASTrIya saMgaThana jo mAnavatA kI dRSTi se rASTroM ko zAnti kI dizA meM mor3ane tathA pIr3itoM va dalitoM kI dazA sudhAra ke kSetroM meM racanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ calAne kA kAma karate haiN| ___ yaha nizcita tathya hai ki adhikAMza saMgaThanoM ke apane vidhAna yA saMvidhAna tathA sabhI prakAra ke niyamopaniyama hote haiM, phira bhI inakA saMcAlana to vyakti hI karate haiN| ataH mUlataH jaba vyakti caritrahIna ho jAtA hai to unake dazcaritra kA kaprabhAva ina ina saMgaThanoM para sApha dikhAI dene lagatA hai| ha taba hotA hai jaba adhikAMza sadasyoM kA caritra zithila yA bhraSTa hone lagatA hai| Aja kI rAjanIti yA ki naukarazAhI ke saMdarbha meM aisI vikRti khule taura para dikhAI de rahI hai| aise meM yaha mAnanA hogA ki vibhinna ghaTakoM ke vibhinna kSetroM meM caritra ke svarUpa meM vividhatA rhegii| kAryakSetra aneka prakAra ke hone ke kAraNa kAryoM kA svarUpa vibhinna hogA to kartavyoM ke nirvAha krama meM bhI vividhatA hogii| kisI kSetra meM bhAvanA kA vizeSa mahattva hotA hai, kisI meM saccAI aura ImAnadArI kA adhika mahattva to kisI meM kAryakuzalatA kI prAthamikatA rahatI hai| ___ parantu eka bAta nizcita hai ki sabhI kSetroM meM Avazyaka caritra kI AntarikatA arthAt usakA mUla bhAva eka hI hogaa| aisI caritraniSThA sarvatra aura sarvadA Avazyaka hotI hai| jahA~ kahIM bhI nIMva majabUta ho to usa para kisI bhI prakAra kA yA kitanA bhI bar3A bhavana nirmita kiyA jAe- vaha sadA sudRr3ha rahatA hai| kaccI nIMva para choTA-sA bhavana bhI surakSita nahIM raha sakatA hai| isa rUpa meM svastha evaM karmaTha jIvana kI nIMva rUpa hotI hai caritra niSThA, nirmANa jahA~ caritra kA prAraMbhika racanAtmaka caraNa hotA hai to niSThA usakA sthaayitv| caritra kA lakSya bhI eka hai ki vikRtiyA~ TUTeM tathA samatA bhAva phUTeM! ____ jahAM kahIM yA jisa kisI kSetra meM vAMchita badalAva lAnA hai athavA svastha parivartana karanA hai to isa kArya ko do caraNoM meM pUrA karanA hotA hai| pahalA yaha ki pahale kI sar3I huI jarjara vyavasthA ko 153

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sucaritram samApta kiyA jAe aura dUsare samApta kI gaI vyavasthA ke sthAna para naI sarvahitaiSI vyavasthA sthApita kI jaae| pahale caraNa ko vinAzAtmaka yA nakArAtmaka (nigeTiva) kaheMge to dUsare ko sarjanAtmaka yA sakArAtmaka (pojiTiva) crnn| samAja meM jaba bar3e paimAne para parivartana kI dhurI ghumAnI ho taba donoM caraNa kramika rUpa se sAtha-sAtha calAe jA sakate haiN| Aja hamAre sAmane kevala kinhIM eka yA do logoM meM hI badalAva lAne kI samasyA nahIM hai, balki yaha badalAva bar3e paimAne para pUre jIvana meM lAne kI AvazyakatA Ana par3I hai| kyoMki samUcI vyavasthA zoSaNa, damana, anyAya aura atyAcAra para AdhArita ho gaI hai jisakA adhikAMzataH saMcAlana caritrahInatA tathA anuzAsanahInatA kI svArthI zaktiyoM ke hAthoM meM calA gayA hai| ina zaktiyoM ko parAsta karane evaM dalita vyavasthA ko khatma karane kI pahalI jarUrata hai| usake sAtha hI yA bAda meM navanirmANa kA daura calAnA hogA tAki samAja kA eka badalA haA AkAra sAmane Ave aura use sthiratA tathA hitAvahatA meM DhAlane ke liye satata prayAsa jArI rheN| sAra rUpa meM yaha vartamAna samasyA hai to caritra nirmANa isa samasyA kA tAtkAlika samAdhAna bhI hai aura caritrabala isakA sthAI samAdhAna nikAlane hetu prayAsarata rakhA jA sakatA hai| vAstava meM caritra kA yahI pramukha lakSya bhI hai| caritra ujjvalatA kA pratIka hotA hai aura use kahIM bhI malinatA apitu zithilatA bhI sahya nahIM hotI hai| caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA meM hI lakSya spaSTa hone lagatA hai ki saccaritratA se samAja meM phailI huI vikRtiyoM ko dUra kiyA jAe tathA saba logoM meM samatA pUrNa bhAvoM evaM unake vyavahAra ko prabala banAyA jaae| samatA darzana praNetA sva. AcArya nAneza ne na kevala samatva bhAva, samatA tathA samatA samAja kI racanA para avirala pravacana dhArA pravAhita kI apitu isa dizA meM vyAvahArika evaM racanAtmaka kAryakramoM ko bhI protsAhana diyaa| samAja meM phailI vikRtiyoM evaM viSamatAoM ko samApta karane ke AhvAna ke sAtha AcArya zrI ne indaura cAturmAsa ke apane eka pravacana meM samatA ke Adarza kI purnapratiSThA para bala dete hue upadezita kiyA- vyaktiyoM kI jAgRti meM zithilatA arthAt caritra meM durbalatA se sAmAjika rItiyoM ke pAlana meM zithilatA AI to usa zithilatA ne sAmAjika niyaMtraNa tathA sAvadhAnI ko kamajora bnaayaa| taba vyaktiyoM ke mana meM karttavya bhAvanA ke sthAna para akartavya kI suSupti panapane lagI aura asAvadhAnI se kisI meM bhI vikRtiyoM kA paidA honA aura panapanA svAbhAvika hotA hai| pracalita rItiyoM meM isI prakAra vikRtiyAM samA gaI aura rItiyA~-kurItiyA~ bana gii| yaha bhI mukhya kAraNa rahA ki manuSya kI svArthaparatA hIna bhAvanA aura kutsita kArya praNAlI ne rItiyoM meM nAnA prakAra kI vikRtiyoM kA vistAra kiyaa| ... inhIM rItiyoM meM jaba taraha-taraha kI itanI aura aisI vikRtiyA~ samAtI jAtI haiM, jo samAja ke bahu-saMkhyaka bhAga ke liye kaSTakara aura pIr3AdAyaka bana jAtI hai| taba adhikAMza prabuddha logoM kA dhyAna usa ora jAtA hai ki ve rItiyA~ sAre samAja meM saMtrAsa phailA rahI hai aura kaise usakA nivAraNa kiyA jAe? yoM kaheM ki rItiyoM meM jaba vikRti kI ati hone lagatI hai, taba unake viruddha pratirodha kI jAgRti bhI utpanna hotI hai aura eka prabala icchA zakti jAgatI hai ki una rItiyoM ke malyoM meM krAnti kI jaae| ...manaSya kI cetanA aura 154

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vividhatA meM bhI caritra kI AtmA eka aura usakA lakSya bhI eka jAgRti sadA zithila evaM suSupta nahIM banI rahatI hai aura vikRtiyoM kI ati ko dekhakara usa cetanA meM jAgRti kA eka nayA daura A jAtA hai| vartamAna samaya ko bArIkI se dekheM to Apako pratIta hogA ki samAja meM pracalita sabhI kurItiyoM ke viruddha isa samaya meM prabala virodha jAgRta hai| AvazyakatA hai pratirodha ko sahI dizA dene kI aura usake bAda rItiyoM meM zubha bhAvanAoM kI naI prANa pratiSThA karane kii| isa ora samAja kA racanAtmaka dRSTikoNa bananA caahiye| ... sampUrNa mAnava jAti kI dayanIya sthiti miTAne kA eka hI mArga hai aura vaha hai samatA kA aadrsh| isa Adarza ko upasthita karane ke liye vyartha ke bhAra svarUpa rIti-rivAjoM ko choDakara parivAra, samAja, rASTra ke samacita vikAsa ke liye Avazyaka hai| rIti-rivAjoM ke saMdarbha meM samatA kA Adarza yahI kahatA hai ki samAja meM sabako unake pAlana kI samAna ruci ho tathA unakA prabhAva saba para samAna rUpa se sukhakArI bhI ho| ... samatA kA Adarza hI vaha saMjIvanI auSadhi hai jo Aja ke patanazIla parivAra, samAja aura rASTra meM nava-jIvana phUMka sakatI hai tathA pragatizIla AdhAroM para ina IkAIyoM kA nava nirmANa kiyA jA sakatA hai| vyakti-vyakti ke antaHkaraNa meM samatA kA Adarza jAganA cAhiye tabhI usakI sAmUhika vikAsazIlatA sabhI sArvajanika kSetroM meM mukharita ho skegii| (saMskAra krAnti, pRSTha 251-54) / vastutaH caritra nirmANa kA lakSya yahI hai ki sarvatra vikAroM kA anta ho tathA sabake vicAra, vacana tathA vyavahAra meM samatva kA aisA madhura rasa ghula jAe ki sauhArda, bhrAtRtva evaM sahayoga samAja kA AdhAra bana jaaeN| sabhI Arya mahApuruSoM ne samabhAva meM dharma kahA hai (samiyAe dhamme AriehiM paveiyaMAcArAMga 1-8-3) / jJAnI hone kA sAra yahI hai ki kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA na kareM-yaha ahiMsAmUlaka samatA hI dharma kA sAra hai-basa itanI-sI bAta hamezA dhyAna meM rakhanI cAhiye (eyaM khunANiNo sAraM, jaM na hiMsai kiMcaNaH ahiMsA samaya ceva, etAvantaM viyANiyA- sUtrakRtAMga 1-1-4-10)|smbhaav usI ko raha sakatA hai jo apane ko hara kisI bhaya se mukta rakhatA hai (sAmAiyamAhu tassa jaM, jo appANa bhae NadaMsae- sUtrakRtAMga 1-2-2-17) / caritra hI aisI samatA kA vAhaka banatA hai| samatA ko AraMbha aura anta kI kar3I banAo : sadA sukha pAo! samatA kI bhAvanA hotI hai, samatA kI pravRtti hotI hai aura samatA kI vyavasthA bhI hotI hai| kAraNa, bhAvanA hI bhASaNa aura karma meM pratiphalita hotI hai| samatA kI sarvatra prakharatA ko samajhane ke lie Apa ina do dRzyoM para dRSTi DAleM, tulanA kareM aura mAnava mana kI mUlavRtti para apanA niSkarSa nikaale| dRzya eka- (1) eka gRhastha ne cAra logoM ko bhojana para apane ghara AmaMtrita kiyA aura unheM eka hI paMkti meM bitthaayaa| jaba cAroM ke sAmane cAra thAliyA~ rakhI gaI to usakI dRSTi apanI thAlI ke bAda bAkI kI tIna thAliyoM para daudd'ii| eka thAlI meM pA~coM pakavAna va darjanoM vyaMjana, dUsarI meM mUMga kI dAla kA halavA aura dahI bar3e, tIsarI meM khIra pur3I to cauthI meM gur3a ghI kA cuurmaa| sabhI thAliyoM ke vyaMjana sarasa aura svaadisstt| kintu yaha kyA? cAroM kI mukha mudrAoM para bhinna-bhinna bhaav| pahalI thAlI vAle kA mAthA ghamaMDa se tanA huA, dUsare ke cehare para mizrita bhAva, tIsare kI bhRkuTi car3hI huI to cauthe kA mu~ha krodha se vidruup| Apa sociye ki aisA kyoM huA? kyA gur3a ghI kA cUramA kaDuA aura besvAda hotA hai? dRzya do- (2) eka dUsare gRhastha ne bhI khAne para cAra logoM ko bulAyA 155

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sucaritram aura usI taraha eka paMkti meM bitthaayaa| cAroM kI thAliyoM meM lekina eka jaise khAdya padArtha- makaI kI moTI roTiyA~, pattIdAra sabjiyA~ aura ghI-gur3a basa / cAroM ne cAroM thAliyA~ dekhI- kisI kI bhI sahaja mudrA meM koI bheda nahIM ubhraa| saba eka se prasanna, bhojana ke liye utsuka aura bhojana ke bAda sabhI ke mukha se bhojana tathA mejabAna donoM kI sraahnaa| isa mana:sthiti para bhI Apa sociye ki eka sAmAnya jana ke liye bhI padArtha kA adhika mahattva hai athavA samatApUrNa vyavahAra kaa| ____ Apa bAhara ke padArthoM se haTakara jaba bhItara kI bhAvanA taka pahu~ceMge to ina do dRzyoM kA sArA rahasya ujAgara ho jaaegaa| eka se eka bar3hakara mUlyavAna aura svAdiSTa vyaMjana sAmane ho, phira bhI bhAvanA ko santoSa nahIM miltaa| dUsarI ora sAmAnya vyaMjana, kintu samatA bhAvanA kA sukha apaar| yahI donoM dRzyoM kA sApha antara hai| samajha leM ki bhItara prasannatA to bAhara saba khuzanumA aura bhItara meM asantoSa to bAhara kaisI bhI prApti se koI sukha nahIM, balki roSa aura aakrosh| isa mana:sthiti ko do zabdoM meM sameTeM to kaheMge samatA aura viSamatA athavA samAnatA aura asmaantaa| bhAvanAtmaka rUpa se pratyeka manuSya ko samatA sarvadA aura sarvatra priya, anukUla tathA pramodakAraka lagatI hai lekina kisI bhI sthiti meM viSamatA lagatI hai apriya, pratikUla aura khedjnk| inhIM bhAvanAoM ko nAnAvidha vyAvahArika rUpoM meM pratibimbita kareMge to vyaktigata evaM sAmAjika jIvana ke aneka citra apanI vAstavikatA meM ApakI AMkhoM ke sAmane citrita ho jAeMge, jo Apake sAtha pratidina kI caryA meM jAne-anajAne ghaTita hote rahate haiN| ___ samatA ko AraMbha kI kar3I banAveM apanI antaHkaraNa kI bhAvanA se| samatA mAnava-mana ko adhikatama madhura mahasUsa hone vAlI bhAvanA hotI hai- usake sAmane bahumUlya padArtha yA bAhara kI sArI prAptiyA~ nagaNya bana jAtI hai| manuSya choTA ho yA bar3A, dhanI ho yA nirdhana, balI ho yA nirbala, jJAnI ho yA ajJAnI- sabhI apane prati vyakta yA vyavahata kI gaI samatA kI bhAvanA ko bakhUbI samajhAte haiM aura use sadA cAhate haiN| paranta yaha kisI kA svArtha yA ajJAna hI hotA hai ki jaisI bhAvanA vaha apane liye cAhatA hai, vaisI hI bhAvanA dUsaroM ke prati vyakta yA vyavahRta nahIM krtaa| Azaya yaha hai ki mAnava mana ke mUla meM samatA kI hI cAha hotI hai| ataH vaise caritra nirmANa kI prAthamika AvazyakatA hai ki Apa caritraniSTha banakara saba ko samatA kI cAha kA samyak bodha karAveM, usa kI bhAvanA ko jAgRta kareM tathA samatA ke vyApaka vyavahAra kA sArvajanika rUpa se abhyAsa kraaveN| samasyA yahI hai, kintu isakA samAdhAna kaThina nahIM hai| eka svastha badalAva ke sAtha vyavahAra kI dhArA ko nayA rUpa denA hogaa| isa dhArA kA eka bAra bahAva Arambha ho jAyagA to phira vaha viveka ke sAtha calatA rhegaa| yahI samatA kI AraMbha kI kaDI hogii| anta kI kaDI kA artha hai ki yaha dhArA eka sthAI vyavasthA ke rUpa meM parivartita ho jAe arthAta samatA anta kI kar3I banakara sadA pravartita raha ske| samatA ke samarasa meM DUbe samAja ke liye samatA sAdhana bhI hogI to vaha sAdhya bhI banI rhegii| satya yaha hai ki vaha anta kI kar3I anta kI na rahakara mokSa ke ananta kA vistAra bana jaaegii| aba samatA kI vyavasthA ko jarA gaharAI se smjheN| prakRti ke sAmrAjya meM kahA jAtA hai ki kinhIM bhI do manuSyoM kI AkRti, dhvani yA prakRti ekadama samAna kataI 156

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vividhatA meM bhI caritra kI AtmA eka aura usakA lakSya bhI eka nahIM hotI - bhinnatA rahatI hI hai| prazna uThatA hai ki phira isa bhinnatA para samatA kI vyavasthA kaise khar3I kI jA sakatI hai ? kintu saca yaha hai ki bhinnatA kI zreNiyoM meM hI abhinnatA kA dharAtala racA jAnA Avazyaka hotA hai tAki vaha bhinnatA samAna dharAtala para cale aura avasaroM kI samAnatA ke AdhAra para samAnatA ke raMga meM raMgatI huI bddh'e| aura zAzvata satya yaha hai ki bhinnatA hai yA banAI jAtI hai mAtra bAhya upalabdhiyoM meM, jabaki sabakI AtmA meM samatA DhalI rahatI hai| Antarika bhAvanAoM meM sva para ke saMyukta kalyANa evaM rakSA bhAva meM, sarvahitaiSitA va samRddhi ke lakSya tathA samatA kI samAja ke sabhI zreyoM meM sthAI sthApanA meN| samatA kI nIMva meM yaha samajha gaharI bana jAnI cAhiye ki jo mere liye priyakArI evaM hitakArI hai, vaha sabake lie bhI priyakArI evaM hitakArI hogA aura jo maiM apane liye cAhatA hU~, vaisA hI dUsaroM ke liye bhI kruuN| jaba yahI pratyeka vicAraNA aura dhAraNA meM DhalegA, taba tadanusAra vyavahAra puSTa banegA aura samatA hI sAmAjika vyavasthA kA eka mAtra AdhAra bana jaaegii| yaha bhI sahI hai ki eka vyakti kI vicAraNA bhI sadA ekasI nahIM rahatI yA aneka vyaktiyoM kI vicAraNA bhI samaya-samaya para badalatI rahatI hai / kintu vicAraNA se banI dhAraNA sahaja meM nahIM badalatI, kyoMki dhAraNA paramparA bana jAtI hai aura jIvana ke sAtha jur3a jAtI hai| kisI gahare dhakke se yaha saba bhI badale taba bhI dharAtala muzkila se hI badalatA hai / yoM deza, kAla aura paristhitiyoM ke anusAra parivartana bhI vAMchanIya hote haiN| basa, Avazyaka hotA hai to yaha ki zAzvata tattva na bigar3ane cAhie aura na badalane caahie| yaha samatA bhI aisA hI zAzvata tattva hai| yaha sunizcita mAnA jAtA hai ki samatApUrNa vyavasthA sAmAnyatayA dIrghajIvI hI hotI hai| na kevala vyakti ke, apitu vizva ke sAmUhika jIvana meM samatA ko AraMbha se anta taka banAe rakhane kA rahasya isa vastusthiti meM chipA hai ki samatApUrNa prakriyA nirantara calatI rahe aura jana samudAya meM naI cetanA jagAtI rahe ThIka usI taraha ki caritra nirmANa prakriyA eka satata evaM sakriya prakriyA hotI hai tathA nirantara jana jIvana ko Adarzonmukha banAye rakhatI hai / caritra nirmANa kI AdhArazilA para nirmita hone vAlA samatApUrNa samAja sadaiva caritrazIla bhI banA rahegA tathA pIr3hiyoM ko samAna rUpa se pragatizIla tathA sahayogI banAe rkhegaa| sAre saMsAra ko apanA ghara mAno: bAhara yuddha roko, bhItara yuddha lar3o! 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kA bhAratIya Adarza rahA hai| koI bhI Adarza kevala Adarza hI nahIM hotA ki vaha yathArtha ko nahIM chUtA / yathArtha kI utkRSTa avasthA ko hI Adarza ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA jAtA hai- eka prakAzastaMbha ke samAna ki usa prakAza ko lakSya banAkara calate rho| ho sakatA hai lakSya taka pahu~ca jAo, ho sakatA hai ki na pahu~ca pAo, kintu koI Adarza anukaraNIya nahIM hotAaisA kabhI nahIM samajhanA caahiye| sArI vasudhA yAnI pUre vizva ko apanA kuTumba mAno - yaha Adarza bhale hI bar3I dUra kI kaur3I lagatI ho, lekina korI kalpanA kataI nhiiN| jaisA ApakA eka parivAra hotA hai, usako Apa cAhate haiM, apanA yogadAna dete haiM aura usake sukha-duHkha ko bA~Tate haiN| apanI isI mahasUsagirI ko pUre saMsAra taka vistRta kyoM nahIM kI jA sakatI hai? yaha apane hRdaya kI vizAlatA aura udAratA kI hI to bAta hai| yaha Adarza koI ekadama prApta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai 1 kintu yadi kaI loga mila kara vizva parivAra kI bAta kare samajheM- samajhAveM, dila ko bar3A kareM 157

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sucaritram 158 karAveM aura vizva ke samasta prANiyoM ke sAtha saMvedanA ko mahasUseM aura mahasUsAveM to eka aisA dina kyoM nahIM A sakatA jaba pUre vizva ke prati usakA pratyeka nAgarika pArivArika anubhUti lene lage? pratyeka nAgarika ke liye usakA saMsAra kitanA hotA hai - isakA ullekha pahale ho cukA hai| pahalI bAta yaha hai ki usa saMsAra ko apanA parivAra mAno / yaha mahasUsa karane kI bAta hai| apane parivAra meM bhI Apa mahasUsa hI to karate haiM ki ve Apake AtmIyajana haiM aura usI dRSTikoNa se pArasparika sambandhoM ko banAte aura gAr3he banAte haiM / yahI vicAra pUre saMsAra ke liye banAne kI jarUrata hai / vaise bhI apane vividha samparkoM ke AdhAra para nikaTa sambandha to banate hI haiM unako adhika pragAr3ha banAne kI bAta rahatI hai| pragAr3hatA Ane se pArivArika anubhUti svataH hI utpanna ho jAtI hai| vizva parivAra ke Adarza ke viruddha eka kaThina samasyA hai| pratyeka nAgarika subaha se lekara rAta taka apane kAma ke silasile meM hara taura para apanA alaga yA vizeSa sthAna banAne kI ceSThA karatA. rahatA hai| Trena yA basa meM apanA eka rUmAla chor3akara apanI jagaha surakSita kara letA hai, ghara yA haoNsTala meM apane nAma kI alaga AlamArI jamAtA hai yA ki bar3e paimAne para vyApArI apane utpAdoM ke alaga bAjAra khar3e karate haiN| rAjanIti meM to netA loga kursiyoM para aisA kabjA jamAte haiM ki AsAnI se chor3anA hI nahIM caahte| garja ki hara koI apanI jAyadAda (TerITorI) alaga se banAnA cAhatA hai / rASTroM ke bIca to TerITorI ( adhikRta bhUmi) to hamezA vivAda kA viSaya banI rahatI hai tathA usake lie yuddha taka hote Ae haiM yAnI ki bhUmi ke liye raktapAta / svArtha eka aisI bar3I bAdhA hai jo vistRta pArivArika anubhUti ko rokatI hai| logoM ke svArtha ke kArya bAhara dikhAI dete haiM, ve kahIM bAhara kI upaja nahIM hote| ve mana meM hI paidA hote haiM, isa kAraNa yadi usa mana meM hI pahale anukUla parivartana lAyA jAe aura nayA manovijJAna banAyA jAe to bar3e parivAra kA nakzA taiyAra ho sakatA hai| isa dRSTi se pahalA bhAvanAtmaka caraNa yaha honA cAhie ki pratyeka vyakti pUre saMsAra ko apanA ghara mAnane kA saMkalpa le aura vaisA vicAra banAve | sakala saMsAra ko apanA ghara mAneM- isa ke liye agale do caraNa hone cAhie / eka, bAhara yAnI bAhya vAtAvaraNa meM choTe se bar3e vivAdoM ko rokA jAe aura sabase Upara yuddha ko rokA jAe aura do, yuddha apanI AntarikatA meM lar3e jAe arthAt saba apane durguNoM, doSoM aura bhAva zatruoM se bhItara meM ldd'eN| antarAtmA meM aisA yuddha cale ki jisameM naSTa hone se na svArtha bace, na ahaMkAra athavA anya aise vicAra jo hRdaya kI vizAlatA tathA udAratA ko panapane nahIM dete| jo apane ghanaghAtI karmoM kA sarvathA kSaya kara dete haiM, jaina darzana meM unheM arihanta kahA jAtA hai tathA ve prathama pada para sabake vandanIya hote haiN| bauddha graMtha dhammapada meM kahA gayA hai ki ghRNA ko ghRNA se samApta karanA saMbhava nahIM hai, vaha to prema se hI dUra kI jA sakatI hai aura yaha zAzvata niyama hai| bhItara rahe hue zatruoM meM ghRNA kA asara bhI bhayAvaha hotA hai| ghRNA ke liye hI mArTina lUthara kA kathana - ghRNA kaTutA se bhaya kA roga miTatA nahIM hai| yaha cikitsA to prema hI kara sakatA hai| ghRNA se jIvana lakavA mAra jAtA hai lekina pyAra use svastha banA detA hai| prema se zAnti aura prakAza prApta hotA hai, vahIM ghRNA jIvana ko aMdhakAramaya banA detI hai| Aja kI hakIkata yaha hai ki duniyA meM Thaura-Thaura para vaira, virodha, hiMsA, pratihiMsA kA jo kaTu

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vividhatA meM bhI caritra kI AtmA eka aura usakA lakSya bhI eka vAtAvaraNa banA huA hai, usake liye svArtha ke samAna hI ghRNA kA durguNa bhI jimmedAra hai| dUsarI ora ghRNA kA virodha bhI sAre saMsAra meM vivekazIla puruSa kara rahe haiN| kAmanA, krodha, lobha, IrSyA, abhimAna aura sabase Upara ghRNA rUpa apane Antarika zatruoM se lar3ane kA Aja upayukta avasara hai jisake liye utkaTa caritra evaM amita utsAha se apane Apako sampanna banAo (svAmI cidvilaasaannd)| ghRNA pUrNa rUpa se vinAzAtmaka hai- donoM ke liye, eka jo ghRNA karatA hai aura dUsarA jo ghRNA ko jhelatA hai| yaha nirarthaka vRtti hai jo kisI ko bhI khuzI nahIM detI (beTTI sAIna, vikhyAta pazcimI daarshnik)| jo ghRNA karane meM Ananda mAnate haiM ve aisA jahara khA rahe hote haiM jo dharma kI AtmA ko khA jAtA hai (viliyama hejlitt)| sI ena ena para eka saMdeza prasArita huA thA ki osAmA bina lAdena (AtaMkavAdiyoM kA mukhiyA) yA tAlibAna hakIkata meM duzmana nahIM haiN| duzmana hai nphrt| isa tathya ko agara Apa bhI apane bhItara mahasUsa kareM to lagegA ki Apa isa duzmana ko parAsta kara rahe haiN| caritra kI AtmA hai- sampUrNa mAnava jAti kI ekatA saMsAra ke samagra vAtAvaraNa ko acchAI aura burAI ke tarAjU meM taulakara niSkarSa nikAlanA cAhie-yahI caritrazIlatA kA takAjA hotA hai| bhAratIya jana jIvana meM janma se jo saMskAra bAlaka ko diye jAte haiM unameM mukhya yahI hotA hai ki bAlaka bhalIbhAMti samajhe, acchAI ke sthAnoM ko tathA burAiyoM ko phisalana ko| daraasala burAI kA koI alaga astitva nahIM hotA, vaha eka taraha se acchAI kA abhAva hai, jaise jJAna nahIM to ajJAna, nirdezana nahIM to bhUla, smaraNa nahIM to vismaraNa, ziSTatA nahIM to mUrkhatA, prakAza nahIM to aMdhakAra, nyAya nahIM to anyAya, svAsthya nahIM to rogagrastatA, dhana nahIM to dInatA, zakti nahIM to durbalatA aura jIvana nahIM to mRtyu| acchAI ke sAtha tulanA karane para hI burAI kA astittva banatA hai| soceM ki sAMpa yA bicchu meM jo jahara hotA hai, kyA vaha acchA hai yA burA? sAMpa aura bicchu ke hisAba se soceM to vaha burA nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha unakI surakSA kA sAdhana hai| isakA gaharA artha yaha nikalatA hai ki prakRti ne saba kucha acchA hI acchA racA hai, burA kucha bhI nhiiN| phira duniyA meM burAiyA~ kyoM ubharakara AtI hai aura kyoM ve itanI bhayAnaka ho uThatI hai ki raktapAta aura narasaMhAra kA kAraNa bana jAe? isa AtaMkavAda ko hI dekhie ki vaha nirdoSoM kI jAna lene para tulA huA hai| burAiyA~ manuSya ke mana meM janma le letI hai, prakRti ke rAjya meM nhiiN| kisI mAnava varga ke dvArA svArtha aura lAparavAhI kA bartAva kiyA jAtA hai to vaha naye abhAva-abhiyogoM ko prakAzita karatA hai| eka ora kI caritrahInatA dUsarI ora bhI caritra ko girAtI hai| isI caritrahInatA ke kAraNa kaI bAra vyakti ke adhikAroM tathA samAja kI svAdhInatA ke bIca ThIka se saMtulana nahIM rahatA to cAroM ora caritra kA patana prAraMbha ho jAtA hai| caritra ke patana kA sIdhA-sA artha hotA hai- burAiyoM kA paidA honA aura pnpnaa| jaba burAiyA~ panapatI hai to acchAiyoM kA kSaraNa hotA hai aura anyAya kA mAhaula banatA hai| yaha anyAya kA mAhaula caritrahInoM ko aparAdha se AtaMkavAda taka le jAtA hai| __ aisI dazA meM Aja nayA cAritrika dRSTikoNa Dhala rahA hai ki saMkucita evaM hiMsaka uddezyoM kI jagaha vizva nAgarikatA tathA sampUrNa mAnava jAti kI ekatA va khuzahAlI kA siddhAMta apanAyA jAnA caahie| rASTrIyatA eka sImA taka burI nahIM hai, kintu jaba vahI kaTTara bana jAe to vaha bhI burAiyoM 159

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sucaritram kI jar3a bana jAtI hai| nayA uddezya isa rUpa meM sAmane A rahA hai ki sampUrNa mAnava jAti eka hai tathA sabhI manuSya Apasa meM prema se rheN| kaTTara rASTrIyatA se upaje nAjIvAda, phA~sIvAda yA AtaMkavAda ko miTA dene kA yaha sarvottama upAya mAnA jAne lagA hai ki vizva-nAgarikatA kI vyavasthA AraMbha kI jaae| jaise kisI bhI prAnta meM rahane vAlA usa rASTra kA nAgarika mAnA jAtA hai, usI prakAra kisI bhI rASTra meM rahane vAlA vizva kA nAgarika mAnA jaae| saca yahI hai ki pUrI pRthvI eka deza hai aura pUrI mAnava jAti ke sadasya usake nAgarika, yaha kathana hai phArasI ke eka vidvAn bahAdallAha kaa| isa saMdarbha meM vartamAna vizva meM phailI uttejanA tathA sAmAjika vizrRMkhalatA ko aisA nAjuka daura mAnanA cAhiye jisase gujara kara sAre saMsAra kA sammAna yuddhonmAdI vizva ko zAntipUrNa banAne kA hI hogaa| isaliye Aja jo vizva kI ekatA kA Andolana phaila rahA hai yA yoM kaheM ki naye caritra kA jo utthAna ho rahA hai use phUTa, matalabakhorI aura napharata kI mAlI tAkatoM se lar3anA hogA, jisameM usakI jIta sunizcita hai| pratyeka rASTra meM yaha jAgRti phailAnI hogI tathA caritra ko vikasita karanA hogA ki dainya. yaddha, hiMsA, kaTatA, roga aura caritra patana se grasta jana samadAya jAge aura vizva zAnti ke Andolana meM sammilita ho| Aja kA saca yaha hai ki eka saMsAra samApta ho rahA hai aura dUsarA saMsAra janma lene ke liye saMgharSarata hai| aise samaya meM AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki pUrI duniyA ke loga eka naye vizvAsa aura saMkalpa ke sAtha vAMchita parivartana ko lAne ke kAma meM juTa jaae| unakA caritra bala evaM AtmavizvAsa unheM usa sthAna taka pahu~cA sakatA hai jahA~ unakI paidA kI huI sArI burAiyoM kA anta ho jAe aura acchAI ghanIbhUta bana kara sabako apane Agoza meM le le| sampUrNa mAnava jAti kI ekatA ko hI vAstava meM caritra kI AtmA samajhA jAnA caahie| vicAra, AcAra meM samatA aura sarvatra samatA hI caritra kA dhyeya ___ mAnava jAti kI ekatA ke prayAsoM ke sAtha samatA ke prayAsa bhI sakriya ho jAne cAhie, kyoMki ekatA mAtra sAdhana hai, jabaki samatA sAdhya hai| samatA ke liye ekatA hogI tabhI vaha pratiphalita ho skegii| divaMgata AcArya zrI nAneza ne samatA ke svarUpa kA sacoTa varNana kiyA hai tathA AhvAna kiyA hai ki vicAra tathA AcAra ke saMgharSoM ko dara kiyA jAe tAki samatA kA sarvatra prasAra ho sake- 'daSTi jaba sama hotI hai arthAt usameM bheda nahIM hotA, vikAra nahIM hotA aura apekSA nahIM hotI, taba usa kI najara ke sAmane jo koI yA kucha bhI AtA hai vaha na to rAga yA dveSa se kaluSita hotA hai aura na svArtha bhAva se duussit| vaha dRSTi nirapekSa bana jAtI hai arthAt svabhAva meM sthita ho jAtI hai| isI dRSTi se vicAra aura AcAra meM samatA kI sRSTi hotI hai| vicAra aura AcAra meM samatA kA yaha artha hai ki kisI samasyA para soceM yA kisI siddhAMta para kAryAnvayana kareM to usa samaya samadRSTitA evaM samabhAva rhe| isakA yaha artha nahIM ki sabhI vicAroM kI eka hI lIka ko mAneM yA eka hI lIka meM bher3a vRtti se cleN| vyakti ke cintana kA kRtittva svAtaMtrya kA lopa nahIM honA caahiye| samadRSTi evaM samabhAva ke sAtha bar3e se bar3e samUha kA bhI cintana yA AcaraNa hogA to samatA kA yaha rUpa usameM dikhAI degA ki sabhI eka-dUsare kI hita cintA meM virata hai aura koI bhI mamattva yA mUrchA kA mArA nahIM hai| 160

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vividhatA meM bhI caritra kI AtmA eka aura usakA lakSya bhI eka nirapekSa cintana kA phala vicAra samatA meM hI prakaTa hogA, kintu yadi usa cintana meM daMbha, haThavAda yA yaza lipsA kI burAI ghusa jAe to vaha vicAra saMgharSazIla banatA hai, anyathA nhiiN| aise saMgharSa kA nivAraka hai, jaina darzana kA anekaantvaad|' ... vartamAna vizva meM vaicArika saMkaTa ke liye anekAntavAda eka amRtauSadhi hai| Aja mukhya vivAda yahI hai ki pratyeka vAda yA vicAra svayaM ko hI sampUrNa mAnatA hai-satya mAnatA hai tathA anya sabhI ko mithyaa| to yaha vaicArika haThavAda ho gayA aura haTha meM satya ke darzana nahIM hote| ApekSika dRSTi se sAmAnyatayA yaha mAnA jAnA cAhiye ki pratyeka vAda yA vicAra meM koI na koI grAhya tattva ho sakatA hai| isakA yaha artha huA ki kisI bhI vAda yA vicAra ke prati pUrI taraha se AMkheM banda nahIM kara lenI cAhie aura na hI binA jAne usakA virodha kiyA jAnA caahiye| honA yaha cAhie ki pratyeka vAda yA vicAra kA sammAna kareM, usameM rahI huI upAdeyatA ko zodhe tathA mila-baiThakara samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa ko vikasita kreN| yahI vicAra samatA tathA samatA ke mAdhyama se satya darzana kA mUla hai| ... vicAra saMgharSa ko samApta karane ke samAna hI jaina darzana meM svArtha saMgharSa ko kama karane yA miTAne ke upAyoM para bhI samyak prakAza DAlA gayA hai| ahiMsA usakI AdhArazilA hai| ahiMsA * ke sUkSma vivecana ke sAtha eka aisI AcAra saMhitA kI racanA hotI hai jo vyakti evaM samAja ke jIvana saMcAlana kI niyaMtraka banAI jA sakatI hai| ... vyaktigata evaM samAjagata jIvana ke svastha svarUpa pradAna karane ke liye yaha Avazyaka zarta hai ki usameM phaila rahe vicAra va AcAra va saMgharSI ko kama kiyA jAe tathA dhIre-dhIre miTAyA jaae| yahI samatA sthApanA kA mahattvapUrNa kadama hogA (samatA darzana aura vyavahAra, pRSTha 55-58) / vicAra va AcAra meM samatA se hI sarvatra samatAmaya vAtAvaraNa bana sakegA tathA vaha vAtAvaraNa nirantara kI jAgarUkatA ke sarvadA bhI banA raha skegaa| samatA kA artha hai pahale samatAmaya dRSTi bane kyoMki yahI dRSTi saumyatApUrvaka kRti meM utaratI hai| isa taraha samatA sarvAMga rUpa se samAnatA kI vAhaka bana sakatI hai samatA kAraNa rUpa hai to samAnatA kArya ruup| jIvana meM jaba samatA kA praveza hotA hai to sAre prANiyoM ke prati samabhAva kA nirmANa hotA hai| yahI samatA caritra nirmANa kA dhyeya bananI caahiye| caritra gaThana se acchAI panapegI aura acchAI mAnava ekatA kA AdhAra bnegii| mAnava ekatA mAnavIya samatA meM rUpAntarita ho skegii| 161

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162 saMsAra va samAja ke kuzala prabaMdhana kA eka hI AdhAra caritra caritravAna vyaktitva se hI mAnavatA kA kalyANa graMthoM meM ullekha hai ki jaba yugaliyoM kA yuga thaa| taba eka hI yugala (eka putra tathA eka putrI) santAna utpanna hotI thI / vahI yuvA hone para pati-patnI bana jAte the tathA yugala kA krama calatA rahatA thaa| ve prakRti ke utpAdoM para nirbhara the, jo unheM bharapUra mAtrA meM prApta hote the, ataH ve arjana vidhi jAnate hI nahIM the| unheM usakI jarUrata hI nahIM thI / saba prakRti kA prabaMdha thA, unheM apane prabaMdhana kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM thI / parantu dhIre-dhIre prakRti ke utpAdoM meM kamI Ane lagI, taba unake bIca TakarAva zurU huaa| yaha saMgharSa bar3hatA rahA, jyoM-jyoM utpAda ghaTate rhe| isI samaya meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA zAsana prAraMbha huA aura usa samaya saMsAra tathA samAja meM sarvAMgINa kuzala prabaMdhana kI upAdeyatA samajha A gaI / janatA ko arjana- kuzala nahIM banAyA gayA to arAjakatA phailane kI AzaMkA utpanna ho gii| RSabhadeva caritrasiddha puruSa the aura vaha aisA sudRr3ha AdhAra thA ki kuzala hI nahIM, Adarza prabaMdhana kI racanA ho gaI jisase na kevala Arthika suprabaMdhana kA svarUpa hI sAmane AyA, apitu eka Adarza jIvana zailI kI bhI

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saMsAra va samAja ke kuzala prabaMdhana kA eka hI AdhAra caritra sthApanA huii| kuzala prabaMdhana kA hI supariNAma rahA ki TUTate-TUTate bhI usa Adarza jIvana zailI ke kaI tattva vartamAna jIvana zailI meM bhI vidyamAna haiN| tatkAlIna kuzala prabaMdhana ke tIna sUtra janatA ko sikhAe gae aura una tIna sUtroM meM saMsAra va saMsAra ke samagra kuzala prabaMdhana kA rahasya samAyA huA thaa| ve tIna sUtra the (1) asi-isa zabda kA artha hotA hai talavAra arthAt samAja kA eka varga asidhArI banAyA gyaa| yaha talavAra sArvajanika rakSA ke lie thii| jo zArIrika tathA mAnasika sthitiyoM se sAhasI, tyAgI aura sarva jana sahayogI the, una kA eka varga banAyA gyaa| use saMsAra va samAja kI surakSA kA bhAra sauMpA gyaa| unakA kartavya nirdhArita kiyA gayA ki ve apane prANoM kI bali dekara bhI jana jIvana kI rakSA kreN| (2) masi-isa zabda kA artha hotA hai syAhI arthAt likhane kA sAdhana / syAhI kA kArya una logoM ke varga ko sauMpA gayA jo jana-jana ke AdhyAtmika, naitika tathA laukika jIvana ke utthAna meM ruci rakhate the| isa varga ne eka ora vicAra va AcAra ko svastha rUpa dene ke lie upayukta sAhitya likhA to jIvana sadhAra sambandhI zikSaNa-prazikSaNa kA krama banAyA tAki agalI pIDhI meM sasaMskAroM kI sthApanA kI jA ske| dUsarI ora hisAba kitAba rakhane kI vidhiyA~ vikasita kI gaI tathA vyApAra-vANijya ko protsAhana diyA gyaa| (3) kRSi-isa zabda kA artha hai khetii| usa samaya meM upajAU dharatI tathA jala saMsAdhana kA bAhulya thaa| ataH kRSi utpAdoM para TikI AjIvikA hI pramukha bnii| jina logoM kI asi yA masi ke kSetroM meM yA to ruci nahIM thI yA kSamatA nahIM thI, ve sabhI loga isa kArya meM juTa gae jisake kAraNa saMsAra va samAja meM dhAnya Adi kI bahulatA ho gii| jaba samAja isa rUpa meM sampanna ho jAtA hai taba usameM saMgharSa kA nAmonizAna nahIM bacatA hai| usa samaya meM aisA kuzala prabaMdhana kaise huA aura kyoMkara sabhI logoM ne use mAnya kiyA? yaha gaMbhIratA se socane kA viSaya hai| pahale bhI kisI prakAra ke prabaMdhana se hIna yugaliyA samAja thA aura jaba abhAva kI sthitiyA~ sAmane AI to bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA zAsaka ke rUpa meM turanta sarvAMgINa prabaMdhana kA krama zurU ho gyaa| saMgharSa kA krama gaharA huA usase pahale hI suvyavasthA kA svarUpa kAryAnvita kara diyA gayA to vaha saMgharSa vikRta na ho paayaa| isase unakI cAritrika kSamatA kA tanika bhI kSaraNa nahIM huaa| unheM netRtva milA aise yuga puruSa kA jo svayaM caritra ke prakAza staMbha the, taba jana-jana meM na to cAritraka patana kA avasara thA aura na hI arjana ke tathA anya kSetroM meM abhAva athavA asantoSa kaa| prabaMdhana kuzalatA kA pariNAma isa prakAra nikale ki Ama logoM meM na asantoSa panape aura na unake caritra para AghAta lage tabhI usa kuzalatA ko saphalatA kA zreya milatA hai| jaba svaccha aura sAtvika prabaMdhana janatA ko milatA hai tathA janatA meM samajha va viveka paryApta hotA hai taba usa prabaMdhana ko saba kI mAnyatA milane meM koI bAdhA nahIM rahatI hai| mAnya prabaMdhana ko pUrA jana sahayoga bhI milatA hai| jaba janatA ke aura rAjya ke prayAsa saMyukta ho jAe to usa kArya kI 163

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sucaritram saphalatA bhI sunizcita ho jAtI hai| rAjya janatA kA aura janatA rAjya kI banakara rahatI hai taba vahA~ abhAva-abhiyoga nahIM rahate tathA asantoSa kI jar3a taka nahIM jmtii| isa prakAra ke taMtra ko koI bhI nAma deM lekina vahI janatA kA asalI taMtra khlaaegaa| yaha saba kuzala prabaMdhana kA hI camatkAra hotA hai| aisA kuzala prabaMdhana cirasthAyI bhI rahatA hai tabhI to asi, masi, kRSi ke suprabaMdhana kA svarUpa Aja bhI jIvanta gaurava hai| marma kI bAta yahI hai ki saMsAra tathA samAja meM kuzala prabaMdhana kI nIMva caritra kI AdhArazilA para hI rakhI jA sakatI hai aura zreSTha caritrazIlatA kI jhalaka zAsaka evaM zAsita donoM meM spaSTa honI caahie| prabaMdhana hai Aja kA prazna, samAdhAna aura uddezya bhI isa tathya meM koI vivAda nahIM ki vartamAna paristhitiyA~ kaI kAraNoM se itanI ulajhI haI hai ki unakA nirAkaraNa vizeSa AdhAra para saMbhava ho sakatA hai| avyavasthA evaM arAjakatA kA daura kisI na kisI rUpa meM cAroM ora phailA huA hai| caritrazIlatA kA abhAva yA kamI janatA meM bhI hai to zAsaka bhraSTa rAjanIti ke daladala meM gahare DUbakara adhikAMzataH caritrahIna ho gae haiN| aise meM gaMbhIra prazna hai ki kisa AdhAra para saMsAra va samAja meM arthapUrNa parivartana lAyA jA sakatA hai? prabaMdhana yA menejameMTa Aja ke isa jaTila prazna kA uttara mAnA jA rahA hai| abhI khAsataura para vyApAra-vANijya kSetra meM to prabaMdhana kA calana phaila hI rahA hai, kintu use apanAne kI hara kSetra meM hor3a sI bhI lagI hai| chAtra bhI ema.bI.e. kI DigrI hAsila karane meM apane kairiyara ke unnata banane kI AzA rakhate haiN| prabaMdhana takanIka kA vistAra vikAsa kAryoM meM bhI hone lagA hai| yahA~ taka ki sUkhAgrasta kSetroM meM jala prabaMdhana ne bhI jora pakar3A hai| saMkSepa meM soceM ki kyA hotA hai prabaMdhana? jala prabaMdhana kA hI udAharaNa leN| jina abhAvagrasta kSetroM meM varSa ke adhikAMza bhAga meM siMcAI kI bAta to dUra, peyajala taka kI kamI rahatI hai, vahA~ ke loga kyA kareM? jaisA ki Aja hotA hai ina abhAvagrasta kSetroM ke loga hohallA macAte haiM, janAndolana calAte haiM aura sarakAra bhI cAlU upAya kara detI haiM ki pAnI kI relagAr3iyA~ idhara-udhara bheja dI jAtI hai| cIkhate-cillAte vakta nikala jAtA hai aura hara sAla yahI saba doharAyA jAtA rahA hai| lokataMtra meM sarakAroM kA raMgaDhaMga aisA rahatA hai ki samasyAoM kA utanA hI asthAI hala nikAlo jisase unakI voTa kI rAjanIti calatI rahe / samasyA kA sthAI rUpa se samAdhAna kiyA jAe aura Ama logoM ko khuzahAla banAyA-yaha kahA to jAtA hai, kiyA nahIM jaataa| donoM ora caritra kI kamI hone se paristhitiyoM kI jaTilatA miTatI nahIM, balki jyAdA gaharAtI rahatI hai| isa samasyA yA saca kaheM to pratyeka samasyA kA sundara samAdhAna hotA hai svAvalambana / jo loga rAjasthAna ke uttara-pazcimI bhUbhAga se paricita haiM jahA~ adhikatara akAla kI kAlI chAyA ghirI rahatI hai, ve jAnate haiM ki vahA~ dIrghakAla se svaicchika jala prabaMdhana calA A rahA thaa| pratyeka ghara meM TAMkeM (jala saMgraha ghara) banAe jAte the jinameM chata para girA barasAta kA sArA pAnI saMgraha kara liyA jAtA thaa| usakA upayoga varSa bhara suvidhApUrvaka hotA rahatA thaa| usa jala prabaMdhana ke sahAre parivAra hI nahIM gA~va ke gA~va svAvalambI bane rahate the| naI vyavasthA ne prAcIna svAvalambana ko tor3a diyA-yaha dUsarI bAta hai| to prabaMdhana kA artha 164

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saMsAra va samAja ke kuzala prabaMdhana kA eka hI AdhAra caritra yaha kiyA jAnA cAhie ki samasyA jaTila bane usase pahale hI bhAvI dIrghadRSTi banAkara aisA agrima prabaMdhana kiyA jAe ki samasyA kA na kevala sthAyI samAdhAna hI nikale apitu usase lambe samaya taka svAvalambana kI rakSA bhI ho jaae| svAvalambI parAzrita nahIM rahatA kintu svAvalambana TikatA tabhI hai jaba janatA kI bhI samasyA ke samAdhAna meM bhAgIdArI ho aura jo saMcAlana kA dAyitva zanaiHzanaiH grahaNa kara le| ___ yaha to eka udAharaNa hai kintu Aja bhI yadi janakalyANa aura vikAsa ke kAryoM ko pUre karane ke lie ucita vyavasthA ke sAtha prabaMdhana takanIka kA sahArA liyA jAe to svAvalambana kI dizA meM pragati kI jA sakatI hai| Aja ke vikArapUrNa caritra kI dazA meM jimmedArI jaba janatA para DAlI jAe aura use jAgRta kiyA jAe ki usa kArya kA sArA lAbha use hI milane vAlA hai to prabaMdhana takanIka kI saphalatA ke sAtha Ama logoM meM rASTrIya caritra kA vikAsa bhI ho skegaa| sabhI jAnate haiM ki karor3oM-araboM rupayoM kA vyaya ho jAtA hai lekina Ama logoM ko usa vikAsa kA tanika bhI lAbha nahIM miltaa| sArA janadhana bhraSTAcArI netA, naukarazAha aura dalAla hajama kara jAte haiN| yaha anumAna kI bAta nahIM, pUrva pradhAnamaMtrI rAjIva gAMdhI ke eka bhASaNa meM bhI spaSTa huI thI ki eka rupae meM 15 paisoM kA hI vikAsa para vyaya hotA hai, 85 paise bhraSTAcArI khA jAte haiN| svAvalambana ko protsAhana dene vAlA prabaMdhana nizcaya hI bhraSTAcAra ko bhI samApta kara degaa| sahI pariprekSya meM dekheM to prabaMdhana Aja kI sabase bar3I samasyA hai to prabaMdhana hI samAdhAna bhii| prabaMdhana ko hI uddezya bhI banAyA jAe to dIrghakAlika svAvalambI vyavasthA bhI sabhI kSetroM meM sthApita kI jA sakatI hai| laukika kSetra ke uparAnta dhArmika kSetra meM bhI upayukta prabaMdhana kI AvazyakatA mahasUsa kI jA sakatI hai| bhinna-bhinna sAmpradAyika jhaMDoM ke tale vAstavika dharma kA vikAsa asaMbhava nahIM to dUbhara avazya hotA hai| eka hI siddhAnta ko koI kisa rUpa meM kahatA hai to dUsarA kisI dUsarI tarja para ki anuyAyI bhramita ho jAtA hai| rAjanIti meM voTa kI taraha dhArmika kSetra meM bhI sAmpradAyika adhika se adhika saMkhyA meM bar3hAne kI hor3a lagI rahatI hai-dhArmikoM kI saMkhyA vRddhi se kama hI prayojana hotA hai| aise meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki dhArmika kSetra meM bhI caritra vikAsa kI aura mAnavatA ke kalyANa hetu kuzala prabaMdhana kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai| prabaMdhana kI kuzalatA hetu vyAvasAyikatA paryApta yA bhAvanAtmakatA bhI jarUrI? prabaMdhana kI kuzalatA hetu pahale vartamAna vicAra dhArA kA vizleSaNa kareM aura soceM ki kyA vaha kuzalatA kI kasauTI para kharI utaratI hai? prabaMdhana yA menejameMTa ko Aja eka takanIka kA nAma diyA gayA hai aura mAnyatA hai ki koI bhI takanIka ekadama vyAvasAyika yAnI ki prophezanala honI caahie| isakA artha hotA hai ki isameM dayA-karuNA yAnI ki bhAvanA kI koI guMjAiza nahIM tathA kinhIM samucita kAraNoM ko lekina kisI ke pakSa yA vipakSa meM bhI socane kI jarUrata nhiiN| kisI bhI prakAra ke prabaMdhana meM sirpha vyAvasAyikatA kA tharmAmITara lagA rahanA cAhie aura vyavasAya kA matalaba hotA hai mAtra hAni-lAbha kA vicAra / vartamAna arthazAstriyoM kA mAnanA hai ki kisI bhI prabaMdhana kI kuzalatA hetu vyAvasAyikatA kA vicAra hI paryApta haiN| yaha vicAraNIya bindu hai| 165

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sucaritram 166 vartamAna vaijJAnika athavA vicAraka itane jar3agrasta ho gae haiM ki unake lie padArtha (meTara) kA to matalaba hai lekina cetanA zakti ( lAIpha) unakI vicAra sImA meM nahIM aatii| kyA isa vicAraNA kA bhayaMkara duSpariNAma Aja hamAre sAmane nahIM hai? bhArata ko svataMtratA prApta hue AdhI zatAbdI se adhika kA samaya ho gayA hai| aba taka bAharI nirmANa Adi vikAsa ke kArya hue hoMge lekina mAnava kA nirmANa nahIM huA aura usase sarvatra mAnavatA kA hrAsa hI huA hai| aise nirmANa ko kyA kuzala prabaMdhana kahA jA sakatA hai? Adhunika prabaMdhana kI vicAradhArA meM bhI isI mAnavIya tattva kA abhAva hai| saba kucha padArtha tathA hAni-lAbha kI dRSTi para Ayojita kiyA jAtA hai to isakI saphalatA bhI saMdigdha hI rhegii| isakA mukhya kAraNa hai vAMchita caritra kA abhaav| prabaMdhana kArya meM yadi caritra nahIM to samajhie ki bhAvanA bhI nahIM, korI takanIka rahatI hai| bhAvanA nahIM to saMvedanA nahIM aura saMvedanA nahIM to cetanA zakti kA prabhAva kahA~ tathA mAnavatA kA vikAsa kahAM? ata: prabaMdhana ke vizeSajJoM ko sabhI tathyoM kA vizleSaNa karanA cAhie ki kyA sirpha vyAvasAyika vicAra se saMsAra tathA samAja kA saccA vikAsa ho sakegA evaM mAnavatA kA pratimAna bar3ha sakegA? kyA prabaMdhana kI saphalatA aura svAvalambana kI pRSThabhUmi binA caritra gaThana evaM bhAvanAtmakatA se hI sAdhI jA sakegI? cetana tattva kI bhUmikA se A~kheM nahIM mU~dI jA sakatI hai| bhArata meM aba taka usa cetana tattva kA vikAsa na hone se kyA dUsarA samUcA vikAsa nirarthaka jaisA nahIM hai ? mAnavIya tathA naitika mUlyoM kI pratiSThA evaM pragati nahIM banI to sArA bhautika vikAsa bhraSTAcAritA athavA aparAdha vRtti hI nigala gaI hai aura vikAsa kA saccA hakadAra Ama nAgarika to Aja bhI naMgA aura bhUkhA hai| isa pariNAma se zikSA lene kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai ki pahale mAnava kA vikAsa ho aura phira padArtha kA / mAnava kA caritra vikAsa ho jAne para na vikAra ghara kareMge aura na bhraSTAcAra sArI yojanAoM kA satyAnAza kregaa| taba padArtha kA vikAsa surakSita ho jAegA aura usakA sabake bIca samAna rUpa se vitaraNa bhI, taba saMvibhAga hI prabaMdhana kA mUla maMtra hogA kyoMki saMvibhAga svAvalambana ke dharAtala para hI pallavita evaM puSpita hotA hai / isa satya ko svIkAra karanA hogA ki kuzala prabaMdhana ke lie vyAvasAyikatA se bhI pahale bhAvanAtmakatA kI AvazyakatA hai, kyoMki mAnavIya saMvedanA se rahita koI bhI prabaMdhana jana kalyANakArI nahIM ho sakatA hai| yaha satya bhI sadA yAda rakhA jAnA cAhie ki mAnavatA sabhI kAryoM, vyavasthAoM athavA prabaMdhanoM ke kendra meM sadA rahanI caahie| sAre vikAsa kArya, sArI vyavasthAe~, sAre prabaMdhana yA samUcA zAsana mAnava ke lie hotA hai jisakA sIdhA-sAdA artha hai ki mAnava inake lie nahIM hai ataH ina sabakA saMcAlana mAnava ko kendra meM rakhakara usake hita tathA vikAsa kI dRSTi meM kiyA jAnA caahie| jahA~ mAnavatA ko prAthamikatA hai vahA~ mAnavIya mUlyoM kA sarvocca sammAna hai tathA jahA~ mAnavIya mUlya mukhya haiM, vahA~ caritra nirmANa kA sammAna sarvopari hai jahA~ prabaMdhana kuzalatA bhI dalita, patita tathA utpIr3ita mAnava samudAya kI unnati ko sAdhane vAlI hotI hai| isa dRSTi se prabaMdhana ko kevala takanIka kahanA ucita nahIM, use jIvana zailI kA Avazyaka aMga mAnanA tathA banAnA hogaa| mAnavIya mUlyoM se vaMcita rakhakara kisI bhI prabaMdhana ko sarva jana hitakArI nahIM banAyA

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saMsAra va samAja ke kuzala prabaMdhana kA eka hI AdhAra caritra jA sakatA hai| ataH pratyeka prabaMdhana kA mUla svAvalambana kI bhAvanA evaM sthApanA meM honA cAhie jisakA saMvibhAga eka anivArya tattva ho| prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jo asaMvibhAgI haiprApta sAmagrI kA samucita rUpa se vitaraNa nahIM karatA tathA asaMgraha ruci hai arthAt apane sAthI mAnavoM ke lie samaya para ucita sAmagrI kA saMgraha kara khAne meM ruci nahIM rakhatA, maryAdA se adhika bhogane vAlA lAlacI hai, vaha corI kA doSI hai (asaMvibhAgI asaMgaha ruI...appamANa bhoI se tAhisae nArAhae vayamiNaM, 2-3) / kuzala prabaMdhana sadA hI cetanA aura caritra para AdhArita rhegaa| caritra niSThA ke binA kisI bhI prabaMdhana kI saphalatA saMdigdha rahegI koI bhI prabaMdhana, koI bhI Ayojana yA ki koI bhI projekTa kaise saphala ho sakatA hai jaba jisako lAbha pahuMcAnA usa prabaMdhana, Ayojana yA projekTa kA uddezya ho aura usake kAryAnvaya meM usI kI upekSA kI jaae| bhArata meM aneka viphalatAoM kA yahI pradhAna kAraNa rahA hai| aisA karane meM yaha spaSTa tathya sAmane AtA hai ki jo loga kAryAnvaya ke jimmedAra hote haiM, unameM caritra niSThA kA nitAnta abhAva pAyA jAtA hai| bhArata jaise pichar3e deza meM isa tathya se to sabhI paricita haiM ki jina vargoM ke lAbha ke lie koI bhI prabaMdhana Adi zurU kiyA jAtA hai, ve to ajJAna, dainya Adi ke kAraNa caritrAbhAva se grasta hote hI haiN| kintu yadi zAsana ke pratinidhi bhI apanI bhraSTatA ke kAraNa caritra se pallA jhAr3a leM to vaha sthiti ghAtaka avasthA meM pahu~ca jAtI hai| caritra niSThA isa dRSTi se yadi donoM ora ho to koI bhI samasyA jaTila rUpa nahIM legI kintu prabaMdhana Adi ke lie uttaradAyI vyavasthApaka caritra niSThA kA mArga tyAga deM to pichar3oM kA utthAna ekadama kaThina ho jAtA hai| yaha vizvAsapUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai ki caritra niSThA ke binA kisI bhI prabaMdhana Adi kI saphalatA saMdigdha hI rhegii| yadi caritra niSThA kA donoM ora abhAva hai to choTe saMgaThanoM yA projekToM kA prabaMdhana bhI kAmayAba nahIM banAyA jA sakatA hai, phira saMsAra aura samAja kI vibhinna pravRttiyoM kA kuzala prabaMdhana kara pAnA amita sAhasa, sUjhabUjha aura dhIraja bharA kAma hI hogaa| ataH aise prabaMdhanoM kI saphalatA ke lie to aise kAryakartAoM kI AvazyakatA hogI jo eka ora jAgaraNahIna logoM meM caritra kI preraNA bhareMge to dUsarI ora prabaMdhana ke sUtradhAroM ko caritra niSThA kI sImA meM kAryarata banAe rakhane kA kaThina prayAsa kreNge| kuzala prabaMdhana hetu caritra gaThana kI prAthamika anivAryatA evaM vikAsa kI kramikatA ___ saMsAra va samAja ke anyAnya saMgaThanoM ke kuzala prabaMdhana hetu to caritrazIlatA anivArya hI hai, kintu vyaktigata yA sAmUhika jIvana vikAsa kA koI bhI kSetra caritrazIlatA ke binA unnati kI dizA meM gati nahIM kara sakatA hai| kuzala prabaMdhana ke kSetra meM kAryarata hone se pUrva hI usake saMcAlakoM kA caritragaThana ho jAnA caahie| yaha prAthamika anivAryatA hai| itanA hI nahIM, una saMcAlakoM kA caritra kArya saMcAlana ke daurAna kramika rUpa se vikasita bhI hotA rahanA caahie| caritra gaThana se caritrazIlatA vikasita hogii| caritrazIlatA eka naI niSThA ko janma degI aura vaha niSThA usakI caritra sampannatA ko puSTa evaM paripakva banAtI rhegii| 167

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sucaritram sahI jAno (samyag jJAna), sahI mAno (samyag darzana) ke bAda jaba sahI karo (samyak cAritra) kA caraNa uThatA hai tabhI caritra gaThana kI prakriyA prAraMbha ho jAtI hai| yaha prakriyA AcaraNa kI paripakvatA ke sAtha prabala tathA prakhara hotI rhegii| sahI karo kA AraMbha vrata dhAraNa karane se hotA hai| vyasanoM tathA pApa kAryoM kI vRttiyoM tathA pravRttiyoM se dUra rahane ke lie jo upAya kie jAte haiM, unheM vratoM kA nAma diyA gayA hai, kyoMki vrata virati rUpa hote haiM (hiMsAnRtasteyAbrahma parigrahebhyo virativratama-tatvArtha sUtra 7-1) / hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, abrahma aura parigraha rUpa pApa kAryoM se virata honA vrata hai| vratoM ko AcaraNa meM utAranA hotA hai| pratyeka vyakti apanI kSamatA ke anusAra vrata dhAraNa karatA hai, phira bhI AraMbhika taura para vrata dhAraNa AMzika hotA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se aura vaha AMzikatA puSTa hote-hote pUrNatA kI dizA meM gati karatI hai| AMzika vratoM ke sAtha azubha kAryoM se nivRtti hotI hai aura satkAryoM ke AcaraNa se zubhatA ke kSetra meM praveza hotA hai| azubha pravRttiyoM para aMkuza lagane se svayameva zubha pravRttiyoM meM AcaraNa kA caraNa Age se Age bar3hane lagatA hai| aMdhakAra haTane kA pariNAma hI prakAza ke Agamana ke rUpa meM sAmane AtA hai| vratoM kA AMzika pAlana caritragaThana ke lie prAthamika rUpa se anivArya mAnA jAnA cAhie ki eka sAmAnya vyakti athavA gRhastha ina vratoM ko dhAraNa karake caritrazolatA ke mArga para agragAmI ho sakatA hai (1) ahiMsA aNuvrata-sthUla prANAtipAta rUpa hiMsA kA tyAga / svazarIra meM pIr3AkArI, aparAdhI tathA sApekSa niraparAdhI ke sivAya zeSa dvIndriya se lekara paMcendriya trasa jIvoM kI saMkalpapUrvaka hiMsA na karanA, na karavAnA mana, vacana aura kAyA se| isa vrata ke pAMca aticAra haiM jahA~ vrata kI apekSA rakhate hue kucha aMza meM vrata ko bhaMga kiyA jAe, use aticAra kahate haiM- 1. baMdha-dvipada (manuSya), catuSpada (pazu Adi) Adi ko lAparavAhI ke sAtha krodhavaza nirdayatApUrvaka gAr3he baMdhana se bAMdha denaa| 2. vadhakor3e Adi se mAranA vadha hai| yaha aticAra hai jaba anartha aura nirapekSa rUpa se kiyA jaae| 3. chaviccheda-zastroM se aMgopAMgoM kA chedana karanA aura niSprayojana yA prayojana hone para bhI hAtha, paira, kAna, nAka Adi kA chedana krnaa| 4. atibhAra-dvipada, catuSpada Adi para unakI zakti se adhika bhAra laadnaa| 5. bhaktapAna viccheda-niSkAraNa nirdayatA ke sAtha dvipada, catuSpada ke AhAra pAnI kA viccheda krnaa| ina aticAroM kA vratadhAraka ko parihAra karanA caahie| (2) satya aNuvrata-sthUla mRSAvAda kA tyaag| duSTa adhyavasAyapUrvaka tathA sthUla vastu viSayaka bolA jAne vAlA asatya yA jhUTha sthUla mRSAvAda hotA hai| avizvAsa Adi ke kAraNa-svarUpa vratadhAraka isa sthUla mRSAvAda kA do karaNa (na bolanA, na bulavAnA) tathA tIna yoga (mana, vacana tathA kAyA) se tyAga karatA hai| yaha pAMca prakAra kA haiM- vara kanyA sambandhI jhUTha gAya, bhaiMsa Adi pazu sambandhI jhUTha bhUmi sambandhI jhUTha kisI dharohara ko dabAnA yA usake sambandha meM jhUTha bolanA tathA jhUThI gavAhI denaa| aticAroM kA parihAra honA cAhie kyoMki aticAra kA lakSaNa hotA hai ki vrata bhaMga kI pUrI taiyArI kara lI gaI hai| pAMca aticAra haiM-1. sahasAbhyAkhyAna-binA vicAre mithyA Aropa lagAnA 2. rahasyAbhyAkhyAna-ekAnta meM salAha karate hue vyaktiyoM para Aropa lagAnA 3. svadAra maMtra bheda 168

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saMsAra va samAja ke kuzala prabaMdhana kA eka hI AdhAra caritra svastrI ke sAtha ekAnta meM huI vizvasta maMtraNA ko dUsaroM se kahanA 4. mRSopadeza - binA vicAre anupayoga yA kisI bahAne se dUsaroM ko asatya upadeza denA tathA 5. kUTa lekhakaraNa - jhUTha lekha yA likhata likhanA, jAlI dastAveja, mohara Adi banAnA / vrata kI apekSA ho para aviveka ho to aticAra hotA hai / ( 3 ) acaurya aNuvrata sthUla adattAdAna kA tyaag| kheta, makAna Adi se sAvadhAnI, asAvadhAnI bhUla se rakhI huI sthUla vastu ko usake svAmI kI binA AjJA ke lenA sthUla corI hotI hai| isameM khAta khananA, gAMTha kholakara cIja nikAlanA, jeba kATanA, dUsare ke tAle ko binA AjJA cAbI lagAkara kholanA, mArga meM calate hue ko lUTanA, svAmI kA patA hote hue bhI kisI par3I vastu ko le lenA Adi zAmila hai| vratadhAraka aise sthUla adattAdAna kA do karaNa tIna yoga se tyAga karatA hai / isake pAMca aticAra haiM- 1. cora kI curAI huI vastu ko kama mola meM kharIdanA yA yoM hI chipA kara le lenA 2. coroM ko corI ke lie ukasAnA, corI ke upakaraNa denA yA becanA 3. zatru rAjyoM ke rAjya meM taskarI hetu AnA jAnA 4. jhUThA yAnI kama-jyAdA taulanA va mApanA, jyAdA tola mApa se vastu lenA aura kama tola mApa se use becanA 5. bar3hiyA vastu meM ghaTiyA vastu kI milAvaTa karake becanA yA nakalI ko asalI vastu batAkara becanA / ( 4 ) svadAra santoSa- svadAra arthAt apane sAtha byAhI huI strI meM hI santoSa karanA / anya saba audArika zarIradhArI manuSya, tiryaMca ke zarIra ko dhAraNa karane vAloM ke sAtha eka karaNa va eka yoga (kAyA) se maithuna sevana kA tyaag| isake pAMca aticAra haiM- 1. bhAr3A dekara kucha samaya ke lie apane adhIna kI huI strI se gamana karanA 2. vezyA, anAtha, kanyA, vidhavA, kulavadhU Adi ke sAtha gamana karanA 3. kAma sevana ke prAkRtika aMgoM ke sivAya anya aMgoM se krIr3A karanA, santAna ke sivAya anya kA vivAha karavAnA tathA 4. pAMca indriyoM ke viSaya - zabda, rUpa, gaMdha, rasa va sparza meM Asakti honA, rati krIr3A meM sukha mAnanA / ( 5 ) icchA - parigraha parimANa kheta, vastu, dhana, dhAnya, ghara bikharI rUpa parigraha kI maryAdA krnaa| inameM hiraNya, suvarNa, dvipada, catuSpada Adi zAmila haiN| maryAdA ke uparAnta vratadhAraka samasta parigraha kA eka kara tIna yoga se tyAga karatA hai| tRSNA, mUrchA va Asakti ko kama karake santoSa meM raMta rahanA hI isa vrata kA pramukha uddezya hai / isake pAMca aticAra haiM- 1. kheta (siMcita va asiMcita kRSi bhUmi ) tathA vastu ( ghara makAna) Adi kI jo maryAdA lI hai usakA atikramaNa karanA 2. sone, cAMdI, jevarAta, javAharAta Adi kI maryAdA kA atikramaNa karanA 3. cAra prakAra ke dhana ( gaNima, dharima, geya, paricchedya) tathA caubIsa prakAra ke dhAnya kI svIkRta maryAdA kA ullaMghana karanA 4. dvipada santAna, strI dAsa, pakSI Adi tathA catuSpada gAya, ghor3A Adi ke aMgIkRta parimANa kA ullaMghana karanA tathA 5. sonA-cAMdI ke sivAya anya dhAtu tathA ghara bikharI kI svIkRta maryAdA kA atikramaNa karanA vrata dhAraka ko ucita nahIM / (6) dizA parimANa vrata- pAMca aNuvratoM ke bAda 6-8 taka ke tIna guNavrata kahalAte haiN| isa guNavrata se cha: dizAoM (pUrva, pazcima, uttara, dakSiNa, adho, Urdhva) ke kSetroM kI AvAgamana hetu 169

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sucaritram 170 maryAdA bAMdhanA tathA maryAdA ke uparAnta Age ke kSetroM meM jAne-Ane kI kriyAoM kA tyAga karanA / isake pAMca aticAra haiM- 1. Urdhva yAnI U~cI dizA kI maryAdA kA atikramaNa 2. adho yAnI nIcI dizA kI maryAdA kA atikramaNa 3. tirachI dizAoM kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana 4. eka dizA kA parimANa ghaTAkara dUsarI dizA ke parimANa ko bar3hA lenA tathA 5. grahaNa kI huI maryAdA kA smaraNa na rahanA arthAt smRtibhraMza honA / (7) upabhoga paribhoga parimANa vrata-upabhoga (eka bAra bhogI jA sakane vAlI bhojanAdi vastue~) tathA paribhoga (aneka bAra bhogI jAne vAlI vastra, AbhUSaNa Adi vastue~) sambandhI vastuoM kI icchAnusAra maryAdA rakhanA aura maryAdA ke uparAnta sabhI vastuoM ke upabhoga - paribhoga kA tyAga karanA / isake pAMca aticAra haiM- 1. parimANa se adhika sacitta vastu kA AhAra karanA 2. maryAdA uparAnta sacita se sambandha rakhane vAlI acitta vastu ko khAnA - bhoganA 3. anupayoga se agni meM binA pakI huI zAli Adi auSadhi kA bhakSaNa karanA 4. burI taraha se agni meM pakAI adhapakI auSadhi kA pakI huI jAnakara bhakSaNa karanA tathA 5. asAra auSadhiyoM kA bhakSaNa karanA, alpa tRpti kI guNavAlI cIjeM khAnA / ( 8 ) anartha daMDa viramaNa vrata - niSprayojana hI apane ko pApapUrNa kAryoM meM lagAne kA tyAga krnaa| isake pAMca aticAra haiM- 1. kAma utpanna karane vAle vacana tathA rAga, hAsya yA mohamaya vinoda kA prayoga karanA 2. aMgoM ko vikRta banAkara dUsaroM ko haMsAne kI ceSTA karanA 3. dhRSTatA ke sAtha asatya anargala vacana bolanA 4. saMyukta upakaraNoM ko eka sAtha rakhanA tathA 5. maryAdA ke uparAnta upabhoga kI vastuoM ko adhika parimANa meM rakhanA / ( 9 ) sAmAyika vrata - aNuvrata, guNavrata ke bAda 9-12 taka zikSAvrata haiN| mana, vacana, kAyA ko pApa aura AraMbha se haTAnA tathA pApa aura AraMbha na ho isa prakAra kI pravRtti karanA isa sAmAyika vrata kI ArAdhanA hotI hai| isake lakSaNa haiM- jJAna, darzana, cAritra guNoM kA cintana karanA tathA Atma guNoM kI apekSA sarvajIvoM ko samAna samajha kara samatA bhAva dhAraNa krnaa| isake pAMca aticAra haiM- 1. mana kA duSTa prayoga karanA, burI pravRtti meM lagAnA 2. vacana kA duSTa prayoga karanA va asabhya, kaThora, sAvadya vacana bolanA 3. kAyA kA duSTa prayoga karanA - binA doSI, binA pUMjI bhUmi para hAtha paira Adi avayava rakhanA 4. sAmAyika kI smRti nahIM rakhanA, pramAdavaza bhUla jAnA tathA 5. avyavasthita rIti se sAmAyika karanA / pahale tIna aticAra anupayoga se to zeSa do aticAra pramAda se adhika sambandhita haiM / (10) dezAvakAzika vrata mana, vacana, kAyA ke yogoM ko sthira karanA, eka sthAna para baiThakara dharma dhyAna karanA tathA maryAdita dizAoM se bAhara pApa kAryoM ko nahIM krnaa| isake pAMca aticAra haiM1. maryAdita kSetra ke bAhara se svayaM na jA sakane ke kAraNa dUsare se dravya Adi ma~gAnA 2. naukara cAkara Adi ko bhejakara dravya Adi ma~gAnA 3. maryAdA atikramaNa ke bhaya se bAhara ke nikaTavartI logoM ko chIMka, khAMsI Adi AvAja se jJAna karAnA 4. apanA yA padArtha vizeSa kA rUpa dikhA kara bAhara se bulAnA tathA 5. DhelA kaMkara Adi pheMka kara bulAnA / ( 11 ) pauSadha vrata - cAra prahara se lekara ATha prahara taka sAvadha vyApAra - hiMsApUrNa kAryoM kA

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saMsArava samAja ke kuzala prabaMdhana kA eka hI AdhAra caritra tyAgakara samatA bhAva ko dhAraNa karanA tathA svAdhyAya, dhyAna meM pravRtti krnaa| isake pAMca aticAra haiM- 1. zayyA-saMstAraka kA nirIkSaNa na karanA yA asAvadhAnI se karanA 2. inheM anupayoga pUrvaka pUMjanA 3. mala-mUtra Adi karane ke sthAna ko na dekhanA yA asAvadhAnI se dekhanA 4. uccAra prasravaNa bhUmi ko na pUMjanA yA asAvadhAnI se pUMjanA tathA 5. Agamokta vidhi se pauSadhopavAsa kA pAlana na karanA, agrAhyaka kI icchA rkhnaa| (12) atithi saMvibhAga vrata-sadaiva paMca mahAvratadhArI sAdhu-sAdhviyoM evaM svadharma baMdhuoM ko yathAzakti AhAra Adi denA atithi saMvibhAga vrata hai| isameM svayaM ko yA ziSya ko jJAna dAna denA tathA siddhAntoM ke upadeza sunanA-sunAnA bhI zAmila hai| isake pAMca aticAra haiM- 1. sAdhu Adi ko nahIM dene kI kapaTa buddhi se sacitta para acitta padArtha ko rakhanA 2. isI kapaTa buddhi se acitta ko sacitta padArtha se DhakanA 3. ucita bhikSA kAla kA atikramaNa karanA 4. AhAra Adi apanA hone para bhI na dene kI buddhi se use dUsare kA batAnA tathA 5. IrSyA bhAva se dAna dene meM pravRtti karanA, mAMgane para kupita honA aura nahIM denaa| caritra gaThana ke bhalI prakAra saMgaThita karane vAle ina ikkIsa guNoM kI bhI eka vratadhAraka ko prApti karanI cAhie-(1) akSudra-gaMbhIra svabhAva (2) svarUpavAna-sAMgopAMga (3) saumya prakRtisvabhAva se vizvasanIya (4) lokapriya-guNa sampanna (5) akrUra-kaleza rahita (6) bhIrU-pApa saMkoca (7) azaTha-niSkapaTa (8) sadAziSya-paropakAra hetu utsuka (9) lajjAlu-pApa saMkoca (10) dayAlu-para duHkha dravita (11) madhyastha-taTastha vicAraka (12) saumya dRSTi-snehAlu (13) guNAnurAgI-sadguNa samarthana (14) satkathaka, supasiyukta, upadezaka va nyAyI (15) sudIrghadarzIdUradezI (16) vizeSajJa-hitAhita jJAtA (17) vRddhAnugata-anubhaviyoM kA anugAmI (18) vinIta-namra (19) kRtajJa-upakAra mAnane vAlA (20) parahitArthakArI-sadA dUsaroM kA hita sAdhane vAlA tathA (21) labdha lkssy-vidhaabhyaasii| vratoM kI uparokta rIti se AMzika pAlanA caritra gaThana ke eka caraNa ko sampanna kara letI hai, jisake AdhAra para saMsAra aura samAja ke vibhinna saMgaThanoM, AyojanoM tathA kAryakramoM meM kuzala prabaMdhana kI sthAI sthApanA saMbhava ho sakatI hai| kuzala prabaMdhana ke kSetroM kI pahacAna karo tathA naI vyavasthA kI rUparekhA banAo! samajheM ki kisI ke peTa meM darda hone lagA, kintu roga kyA hai-usakA patA to meDikala TesTsa se hI laga sakatA hai ki gurde kharAba haiM, gAla bleDara meM patharI hai yA epeMDIsAiTisa kI takalIpha hai athavA kucha aur| ese meM pakkI jAMca ke bAda hI cikitsA saMbhava hotI hai| lekina agara pUre zarIra para viSa kA prabhAva spaSTa dikhAI detA ho to pahacAna kI jyAdA jarUrata nahIM rahatI, balki viSa kI tIvratA evaM zarIra ke vibhinna aMgopAMgoM para par3a rahe asara ke anusAra zIghrAtIzIghra cikitsA kA krama AraMbha kara diyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra Aja ke vibhinna prazAsanoM, saMgaThanoM yA kAryakramoM meM phailI vikRtiyoM kI pahacAna karane jAeMge to virale hI mileMge jinameM koI khAsa taraha kI vikRti hI ho| kintu adhikAMza 171

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sucaritram aise haiM jo pUrI taraha sar3Ana se grasta haiM yAnI ki pUre ke pUre vikRta ho cuke haiN| aise adhikAMza saMgaThanoM meM sudhAra ke kadama turanta hI uThAe jA sakate haiM-unameM jyAdA jAMca parakha kI jarUrata nhiiN| vartamAna paristhitiyoM meM kazala prabaMdhana ke adhikAMza sthAnoM para abhAva ko bhalIbhAMti pahacAnA evaM jAnA jA sakatA hai| vAstavika samasyA to yaha hai ki upayukta kAryakartA sAmane Ave tathA naI saMzodhita vyavasthA kI rUparekhA taiyAra kI jaae| saMsAra, rASTra, samAja yA kisI bhI saMsthA meM jaba guNoM kA sammAna nahIM rahatA aura apane chalabala se jaba bhautika prAptiyoM ko hI dhyeya banA liyA jAtA hai taba jana-jana ke AtmasammAna ko rauMdatI huI damana evaM zoSaNa kI burAI bhar3aka uThatI hai aura avyavasthA kA daura zurU ho jAtA hai| avyavasthA kA duSpariNAma hI kuzala prabaMdhana ke TUTa jAne ke rUpa meM samakSa AtA hai| aise meM sAmAjika dRSTi se pichar3a jAne para sAmAnya jana Arthika, rAjanItika yA prazAsanika kSetra meM apane prabhAva se hAtha dho baiThate haiM aura sAre adhikAroM para anyAyI varga kabjA kara letA hai| phira anyAnya kSetroM meM bhI sAmAnya jana kA varcasva samApta hotA jAtA hai aura choTA sA anyAyI varga sArI sampadA kA sattA kA apane svArtha meM zoSaNa karane lagatA hai| yoM kuzala prabaMdhana kA to DhAMcA hI TUTane lagatA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki yaha sArA bigAr3a caritrahInatA ke kAraNa paidA hotA aura phailatA hai| isa se yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki caritrazIlatA se hI sArI avyavasthA dUra kI jA sakatI hai aura naI vyavasthA kA sUtrapAta kiyA jA sakatA hai| ata: caritra gaThana kA hI vaha mUla kSetra hai jise sudhArA jAe to bAkI saba kucha AsAnI se sudhArA jA sakatA hai-ekai sudhare, saba sudhre| caritra gaThana kA kSetra hai svayaM vyakti kA jIvana kssetr| sAra kI bAta yaha hai ki vyakti kA jIvana nirmANa sarvopari hai-usake AcaraNa meM zaddhatA saccAI aura dRDhatA Ave, vicAra va viveka sadA jAgata rahe. saMyama tathA tyAga kI bhAvanA se svArtha va ahaMkAra zamita ho, parahita meM kriyAzIlatA baDhe, sabake hita meM hara vakta kucha na kucha 'sekrIphAIsa' karane kI lagana ho aura saMsAra va samAja ke prabhAvazAlI saMgaThanoM ko kuzala prabaMdhana ke nirdhArita lakSya kI dizA meM agragAmI banAne kA sAmarthya sakriya banA rahe- ye kucha moTI-moTI bAteM haiN| hama isakA choTA-sA nAma de deM ki naitikatA aura saMyama kA kSetra arthAt caritragaThana kA kSetra / naitikatA kA vyakti ke jIvana meM praveza usa ke apane AcaraNa se bhI pahale usake saMskAroM meM honA caahie| ye saMskAra banane aura Dhalane cAhie mAtA-pitA ke lAlana-pAlana meM, zikSakoM ke zikSaNa-prazikSaNa meM tathA pracalita prAcIna zreSTha paramparAoM ke pAlana meN| vyakti ke saMskAroM meM jaba naitikatA puSTa hotI hai to vaha caritra gaThana, AcaraNa evaM sAmAjika vyavahAra meM avazyameva parilakSita hogii| yaha naitikatA vaiyaktika tathA sAmAjika jIvana kI AdhArazilA hotI hai| ise bala milatA hai Antarika jAgaraNa evaM preraNA se, jo nikharatI hai caritra gaThana se, vicAra krAMti se, mAnavIya saMvedanAoM kI anubhUti se tathA tyAga va balidAna kI bhAvanA se| yaha vikasita hotI hai mAnavIya mUlyoM ke Agraha se, AdarzoM ke prati saMkalpabaddha hone se, karttavya pAlana ke U~ce gaganadaMDoM se tathA avyavasthA ko dUra karake naI sarvahitaiSI vyavasthA sthApita karane se| ata: kisI bhI naI vyavasthA kI sacoTa rUparekhA banAte aura use amala meM lAte samaya isa tathya 172

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saMsAra va samAja ke kuzala prabaMdhana kA eka hI AdhAra caritra bhalIbhAMti samajha leM ki buniyAdI taura para caritra nirmANa kA prazna maulika rhegaa| isa saMdarbha meM pUrva bhUmikA kI dRSTi meM kucha sujhAva isa prakAra ho sakate haiM : (1) bAhya nirmANa se pahale Antarika nirmANa kI ora dhyAna diyA jAnA caahie| saccA aura acchA mAnava na bana sakA to samajha leM ki kucha bhI nahIM bana skegaa| manuSyatA ke nirmANa kA AdhAra bhAvanAtmaka honA cAhie / (2) saMsAra aura samAja ke sabhI kSetroM meM jIvana nirvAha kI anivArya AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti pahale ho lekina dInahIna aura zoSita pIr3ita vargoM ko ucita saMrakSaNa diyA jAnA caahie| pUMjIpatiyoM tathA dhanADhyoM kI bhAvanA jagA kara unakI atirikta dhana sampatti kA samAja hita meM tyAga karAyA jaae| (3) sarvatra strI aura puruSa kA samAna sthAna tathA samAna sammAna ho| puruSa na to apane hI ko karttA yA bhoktA samajhe aura na strI ko kriyA yA bhogyA hI / donoM kI svataMtra kintu sahayogI samAna sattA samajhI jAnI caahie| (4) bhAvanAtmaka AdhAra isa prakAra taiyAra kiyA jAe ki pratyeka vyakti apanI sahadharmiNI ke sivAya anya saba striyoM ko mAtRvat samajhe, apane pAsa ke maryAdita dhana Adi ke sivAya zeSa ko sAmAjika TrasTa, sabhI prANiyoM ke prANoM ko Atmavat mAnate hue una rakSA kA uttaradAyitva le yAnI ki brahmacarya, aparigraha tathA ahiMsA ke bhAva sabake AcaraNa tathA jIvana zailI meM rama jAe / (5) lokataMtra kevala rAjanItika praNAlI meM na rahakara samagra jIvanazailI bane, jisakA vistAra parivAra se vizva taka tathA Arthika-sAmAjika Adi sabhI kSetroM meM ho| pahale to rAjanItika kSetra kA zuddhikaraNa Avazyaka hai / lokataMtra ke vyAvahArika AcaraNa ke sAtha pratyeka nAgarika kA vyaktitva svataMtra svarUpa grahaNa kare, tAki AzritatA, hInatA yA dInatA kI dazA na rhe| (6) samAja meM artha kI viSamatA ko dUra karane ke sAtha kAmanAoM (DijAyarsa) para svAbhAvika niyaMtraNa vidhi kA adhyayana kiyA jAya tathA upabhoga- paribhoga kI sAmagrI sabakI AvazyakatA ke anusAra samAna rUpa se sulabha karAI jAya / (7) naI vyavasthA kI rUparekhA taiyAra karane meM- (a) siddhAMta tathA nItiyA~ prAraMbha se hI nizcita ho, (ba) caritrazIla evaM samarpita vyaktiyoM ko hI naI vyavasthA hetu niyojita kiyA jAe tathA ( sa ) vyavasthA kI praNAlI nizcita nItiyoM ke anusAra hI kAryAnvita kI jaae| sAtha hI hRdaya parivartana karAne, caritra gaThana ko protsAhita karane evaM AcaraNa ko sudhArane kI prakriyA bhI zurU kara dI jAnI cAhie / saMsAra va samAja kA kuzala prabaMdhana tathA ahiMsaka jIvana zailI kA mAdhyama vyakti ke va samUha ke jIvana meM ahiMsA kA pracalana hogA tabhI saMsAra va samAja meM surakSA kA bhAva pallavita ho skegaa| jana surakSA nizcita banegI taba zAnti kA vAtAvaraNa sthAI rUpa le skegaa| 173

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sucaritram zAnti kI sthiti meM hI bAhya evaM AMtarika sabhI prakAra ke vikAsa kAryoM ko saphalatA ke sAtha sampanna kiyA jA skegaa| yaha vikAsa sacce sukha evaM Ananda kA pravAha pravAhita karegA, jisakA supariNAma sarvatra sukha kI anubhUti ke prasAraNa ke rUpa meM pratiphalita ho skegaa| ___ahiMsaka jIvana zailI kA eka mukhya bindu yaha bhI honA cAhie ki saba vicAravAna tathA vivekavAna bane parantu unake vicAra va viveka meM satya kI pramukhatA ho tathA satya ko khojane kI abhilASA bhI pramukha ho| yaha tabhI saMbhava hai jaba saba apane-apane stara para svataMtra rUpa se sabhI praznoM evaM samasyAoM para vicAra kareM kintu dUsaroM ke vicAroM ko bhI tallInatApUrvaka samajhe aura saba milakara vicAra-samanvayana kA mArga apnaaveN| ise hI anekAntavAda kA mArga kahA jAtA hai, jisameM vicAra vyaktikaraNa tathA prasAraNa kI svataMtratA (phrIDama oNpha dI spIca eMDa eksaprezana) hotI hai| apratibaMdhita vicAra prakAzana se sabako apanI samajha kA satya batAne kA tathA sabake vicAroM meM satya ko khoja nikAlane kA avasara milatA hai| ahiMsaka jIvanazailI meM ahiMsA ke sAtha anekAntavAda se bar3A anya satya nahIM tathA aparigrahavAda se bar3hakara koI Arthika va sAmAjika samAdhAna nhiiN| ___ ahiMsA ke eka aitihAsika virodhAbhAsa kA yahA~ ullekha karanA samucita hogaa| 'ahiMsA paramodharma' kI gUMja pUre mahAbhArata meM sunAI detI hai, lekina kheda ki pUrA mahAbhArata hiMsA se bharA huA rahA hai| kintu yaha saba tulanAtmaka dRSTi se dekhA jAnA caahie| yaha ajIba lagegA ki mahAbhArata kI sArI hiMsA phira bhI nyAya ke hetu ke liye huI ki pAMDavoM tathA kauravoM ke bIca sattA kA nyAyapUrNa vibhAjana ho| jahA~ nyAya ke liye hiMsA anivArya hI ho jAe to vaha gRhasthoM ke liye agrAhya nahIM, jaise ki gaNAdhipati ceTaka ko nyAya ke liye samrATa kuNika ke sAtha bhISaNa yuddha karanA pdd'aa| jaba cAroM ora hiMsAmaya vAtAvaraNa ho tabhI ahiMsA kA pakSa prabala hotA hai, jhUTha va mithyA pracAra jaba sara car3he ho tabhI satya kI lalaka jAgatI hai aura jaba mAnava hRdayoM meM bhaya aura AtaMka DarAne lagate haiM tathA nirbhayatA kA prazna uThatA hai| kSamA tathA sahiSNutA kI nIMva para hI zAnti kA prAsAda khar3A kiyA jA sakatA hai| aura ina sabako milAkara taiyAra hotI hai ahiMsaka jIvana zailI jisakA kendra binda hotA hai critr| ___ caritra kA nirmANa sikhAtA hai ki aNu-paramANu zastroM se bhI adhika ghAtaka hote haiM apane hI dila meM jalate hue ghRNA evaM pratizodha ke bhAva / paramANu zastroM ke vinAza kA kSetra to sImita hotA hai, kintu krodha, ghRNA tathA badale kI bhAvanA kitanA mahAvinAza kara sakatI hai usakI koI sImA nhiiN| isase yaha sabaka milatA hai ki bAhara ke ghAtaka zastroM kA niyaMtraNa aise logoM ke hAthoM meM kataI nahIM rahanA cAhiye, jinakA apanI manovRttiyoM para, mastiSka para aura vicAraNA para koI niyaMtraNa na ho| yaha niyaMtraNa bhI kazala prabaMdhana ke samAna caritrazIla vyaktiyoM ke hAthoM meM hI honA caahiye| 174

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mAnava caritrazIla banegA to samagra samAja sUjanazIla

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mAnava caritrazIla banegA to samagra samAja sRjanazIla samAja ke vikAsa kI buniyAda : caritravAna vyakti mA nava caritrazIla banegA to avazya banegA samagra samAja 'sajanazIla-yaha koI sAmAnya kathana nahIM. itihAsa kA anabhata satya hai| aura cAhe usa mAnava kI caritrazIlatA prAraMbha meM ekAkI hI rahe para vaha yadi pragADha. prabala evaM preraNAspada hoMgI to usakA prabhAva samagra samAja para paDe binA nahIM rahegA tathA zubha parivartana kA cakra ghUmegA hii| Adhunika bhArata ko svataMtratA-saMgharSa ke samaya ko smRti meM lAveM to kyA yaha sahI nahIM hai ki akele mahAtmA gA~dhI kI caritrazIlatA ne pUre bhArata ko prabhAvita kiyA tathA karor3oM logoM ko eka vyakti ke rUpa meM jor3a diyA aura jagA diyaa| yahA~ itihAsa kA eka udAharaNa dete haiM rAjA zreNika kA, jinhoMne apanI laghuvaya aura gahana dAyitva ke uparAnta bhI pUre magadha rAjya meM vaha cAritrika parivartana tathA bahuAyAmI unnayana kara dikhAyA jo tatkAlIna rAjAoM ke liye saMbhava nahIM ho skaa| ___magadha nareza mahApadma mRtyu zayyA para leTe the| unheM apanI mRtyu kA koI vicAra nahIM thA, cintA thI to apane rAjya ke suzAsana kI aura apane pandraha varSIya rAjakumAra bimbisAra kI ki donoM kA bhaviSya kyA sakhada ho sakegA? 175

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sucaritram 176 mahApadma ne apanI nirAzA ko dabAte hue TUTate svara meM kahanA zurU kiyA - putra bimbisAra ! aba mere pAsa adhika samaya nahIM hai, ata: yaha vihvalatA chor3o aura merI bAta dhyAnapUrvaka sunoM / tumhAre liye yaha siddha karane kI velA samajho A gaI hai ki tuma eka vIra pitA ke vIra putra ho, caritra niSTha ho, dhIrajavAna va vivekavAna ho aura ho pratyeka paristhiti kA saphala sAmanA kara sakane vAle satpuruSa / apane sudUra bhaviSya kI ora tumheM dekhanA hai aura vartamAna ko tatpara banAnA hai| isa magadha kI mATI ko tumase Dhera sArI apekSAe~ haiM... mahApadma hAMphane lage to A~kheM banda kara zAnta leTe rhe| rAjakumAra bimbisAra bhI jaise kucha hI kSaNoM meM praur3ha ho calA ho, usakA mana-mAnasa Andolita ho utthaa| pitA ke zabdoM kI gUMja ne use vartamAna kI jar3atA se bAhara nikAla kara karttavya ke sughar3a maMca para khar3A kara diyaa| caritra nirmANa kI jo gahana zikSA use aba taka milI thI, vaha vaise ananta guNI sudRr3ha hokara use lalakArane lagI- are bimbisAra ! tUM Ayu se bhale hI choTA hai, tere meM sRjanazIlatA ke prasAra kI mahatI kSamatA hai aura tere liye usakA saphala prayoga anivArya hogA / rAjakumAra bhAvI yojanAoM ke utsAha meM phar3aka utthaa| pitA ke antima zabda usake kAnoM meM par3e putra, maiM AzA ke sAtha jA rahA hU~ ki tuma magadha rAjya aura usakI rAjadhAnI rAjagRhI nagarI ke gaurava ko mAtra akSuNNa hI nahIM rakhoge, apitu apanI aTala caritrazIlatA evaM lokapriya prazAsanika pratibhA se use tuma nirantara abhivRddha karate rahoge to rAjakumAra bimbisAra ko jaise lagA ki unakI Ayu kucha hI samaya meM kaI gunI ho gaI hai aura caritraniSThA kA zaurya jaise usake roma-roma meM samA gyaa| usakI vaya gauNa ho gaI aura usakA viveka praur3hatA kI deharI para car3ha gyaa| vaha kar3aka kara khar3A ho gayA-jaise eka naye bimbisAra ne janma le liyA ho, caritra kI zakti jaba prasphuTita hotI hai aura vistAra pAtI hai taba usakI koI sImA nahIM rhtii| rAjakumAra mRta pitA ke caraNoM meM gira kara dhIra-gaMbhIra vANI meM ghoSaNA karane lage-pitA zrI ! Apa mare nahIM, mere liye sadA jIvita raheMge-Akhira Apa hI to mere caritra nirmANa ke parama srota rhe| maiM Apake Adeza kA apanI sampUrNa caritraniSThA, zakti evaM yogyatA ke sAtha jIvanaparyanta pAlana karatA rahU~gA aura magadha rAjya ke gaurava ke naye zikhara taka pahu~cAUMgA / aura choTA bimbisAra magadha ke rAjasiMhAsana para baiThakara sarvajanahita evaM sarvadezIya pragati kI bahuta bar3I pIr3A meM samA gayA - zAsana ko suzAsana evaM unnatizIla zAsana banAne ke mahad kArya meM pUre tana-mana se juTa gayA ki rAjya kI sArI janatA naI sRjanazIlatA meM dattacitta bana jaae| apane caritra bala, gahana viveka evaM maMtriyoM kI maMtraNAoM ke AdhAra para rAjA bimbisAra ne niSkarSa nikAlA ki mAtra rAjaprAsAda meM baiThakara nahIM balki janatA ke nikaTa samparka meM jAkara usakI AkAMkSAoM ko jAnanA hogA, mahattvAkAMkSAoM ko ubhAranA hogA tathA magadha ke naye gauravapUrNa bhaviSya ke liye use pratyeka prakAra se sRjanazIla banAnA hogaa| unhoMne nizcaya kiyA ki ve svayaM saba kucha jAneMge, janamAnasa ko parakheMge tathA vAMchita vikAsa ke liye preraNA jgaaeNge| rAjA bimbisAra bana gae eka azvArohI aura pratyakSa paricaya pAne lage apane magadha kI ekaeka paga bhUmi kA / athaka bhramaNa meM unheM anubhava huA ki magadha pitAzrI kI dIrgha rugNAvasthA ke

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mAnava caritrazIla banegA to samagra samAja sRjanazIla kAraNa zAsana ke atyAcAra se vikSubdha evaM duHkhI banA huA hai| sudUra grAmINa aMcaloM meM to jana AtaMkita evaM bhayabhIta bhI hai| zAsana ke nAma para adhikArI krUra bane janatA ko lUTa rahe haiM, jo apane bhraSTa karma meM itane dussAhasI ho gaye haiM ki logoM meM unake viruddha kucha kahane kA sAhasa bhI nahIM bacA hai| ve saba ora ghUmate rahe aura paristhitiyoM kA Akalana karate rhe| apane samUce Akalana para rAjA bimbisAra ne antima nirNaya liyA ki zAsana vyavasthA sudhAra ke stara se nIce gira gaI hai, ataH usameM aba AmUlacUla parivartana hI lAnA hogaa| basa, phira kyA thA, parivartana kA zaMkha gUMja utthaa| zAsana ko bhraSTa adhikAriyoM se mukta karake eka dIrghakAlIna yojanA kA zrIgaNeza kiyA gyaa| pUre magadha rAjya ko aTThAraha zreNiyoM meM vibhakta kiyA gyaa| eka-eka zreNI kI zreNI sabhA aura usakA zreNIpati manonIta kiyA gyaa| sabhI zreNiyoM ko sthAnIya zAsana kI pUrI svAyattatA pradAna kI gii| yaha AjJA pracArita kI gaI ki samasta zreNIpati samaya-samaya para rAjadhAnI rAjagRhI meM ekatrita hoM, paraspara apane anubhavoM kA AdAna-pradAna kareM tathA magadha nareza ke sAtha apanI samasyAoM para vArtA karake Avazyaka nirdeza grahaNa kreN| samucita pRSThabhUmi kI saMracanA ke sAtha hI rAjA apanI yojanA ke pUrNa kAryAnvaya meM juTa gye| caritra, sneha aura sAhasa una ke sahaja sAthI bana gye| phira saphalatA ko kauna roka sakatA thA? abhiyAna calatA rahA, samaya bItatA rahA aura magadha kA kAyAkalpa hotA rhaa| eka caritraniSTha, kazala zAsaka tathA snehasikta satparuSa kI chavi ke tale eka nayA zaktizAlI evaM caritraniSTha magadha pallavita hone lgaa| sadA kI bhAMti eka bAra magadha kI sabhI aThAraha zreNiyoM ke zreNIpatiyoM kA sammelana Ayojita thaa| rAjA bimbisAra sabake sAtha vicAra-vimarza meM vyasta the, tabhI zreNIpatiyoM ne eka svara meM nivedana kiyA- mAnyavara magadhapati! Apane alpavaya meM hI jisa adbhuta caritraniSThA tathA vIratA kA paricaya diyA hai usakI koI misAla nahIM aura zreNI-rAjya kA gaThana to itihAsa meM lokarAjA ke rUpa meM sadA amara rhegaa| isa zreNI rAjya ke pratIka svarUpa hamArA nivedana hai ki aba se Apa ' zreNika' ke nAma se vikhyAta hoN| aura taba se rAjA bimbisAra rAjA zreNika kahalAne lge| deha svArthI mAnava kSudra hotA hai, use virATatA kI ora le jAtA hai samAja! deha svArthI mAnava kI dRSTi saMkucita hotI hai| vaha zarIra ke vaiyaktika sukha-duHkha ke bhoga meM apane sImita kSetra meM hI ghUmatA rahatA hai tathA usakI sArI icchAe~ aura pravRttiyA~ taba kevala isa 'piMDa' ko lekara hI calatI hai| kabhI-kabhI to usakA dehasvArtha itanA aMdhA ho jAtA hai ki vaha apane parivAra, samAja Adi ko bhI bhUla jAtA hai| usa samaya usakA caritra lijalijA aura aprabhAvI bana jAtA hai| apane dehasvArtha kI kSudra dRSTi ko lekara hI vaha jIvana ke saMkucita dAyare meM kaida hokara raha jAtA hai aura isa kAraNa se kSudra svabhAvI ho jAtA hai| parantu apane antaratama meM mAnava kabhI bhI kSudra nahIM hotA hai| jaba usake zarIra se dehasvArtha kA pIliyA roga dUra hotA hai aura vaha apanI icchAoM tathA sadbhAvanAoM ko virAT evaM vyApaka rUpa detA hai arthAt vRhad se vRhattara samAja ke sAtha apane jIvana kI vRttiyoM evaM pravRttiyoM ko jor3a letA hai to 177

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sucaritram usakA dRSTikoNa vistRta hone lagatA hai aura vaha kSudra se virAT hotA calA jAtA hai| abhiprAya yaha ki sAmAjika samparka vyakti kI dRSTi ko vyApaka AyAma detA hai aura yaha samparka jitanA adhika sahayogI evaM ghaniSTha hotA jAtA hai, usake svayaM ke vikAsa kA kSetra bhI vRhattara hotA calA jAtA hai| samAja jaba vyakti ko sahayoga tathA sneha ke sUtra se bAMdhatA hai to ananta bhaviSya ke cintana meM vaha tallIna hotA jAtA hai| yaha tallInatA itanI ghanI ho sakatI hai ki vyakti vyakti hI nahIM rahatA aura eka sAmAjika saMsthA kA svarUpa oDha letA hai| adhyAtma kI bhASA meM vaha AtmA se paramAtma tattva kI ora yA jIva se ziva kI ora gatimAna bana jAtA hai| yaha vyakti kA samAja kI ora jo bar3hanA hai, vaha jaise agni kI eka kSudra cinagArI kA eka prakAzamAna jyoti ke rUpa meM badalanA hai| jaba vyakti apane svArtha ko vizva ke sarvArtha meM vilIna kara detA hai, ananta ke prati svayaM samarpita ho jAtA hai tathA apane hRdaya ke asIma sneha, sahayoga aura karuNA ko samasta prANiyoM ke hita meM niyojita kara detA hai taba usakI virAT bhUmikA kA sAmAjika cetanA ke darpaNa meM spaSTa darzana hone lagatA hai| 'sva' ke vistAra kA yaha upakrama hI vyakti ko samAja ke rUpa meM aura AtmA ko paramAtmA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kara detA hai| vyakti kI unnati evaM caritrazIlatA samAja ke atizaya mahattva ko darzAtI hai| prazna yaha hai ki kyA mAnava vyaSTi rUpa ikAI meM jItA hai athavA samaSTi rUpa samAja meM? cintana, manana aura anubhava ke bAda dekhA gayA hai ki mAnava apanI deha kI kSudra ikAI meM baMdha kara acchA aura saccA jIvana nahIM jI sakatA hai, apanI buddhi va bhautikatA kA samucita vikAsa nahIM kara sakatA hai tathA na to apane jIvana kI sukha-samRddhi ke dvAra khola sakatA hai aura na hI adhyAtma kI zreSTha bhUmikA kA hI nirvAha kara sakatA hai| isa pRSThabhUmi meM mAnava ne samUha aura samAja kA mahattva samajhA aura apanI jaTila se jaTila samasyAoM ko vaha sAmAjikatA ke vAtAvaraNa meM sahI DhaMga se sulajhAne lgaa| sAmAjika yA saMghIya bhAvanA meM usakI niSThA bar3hatI gii| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM bhI sAdhaka vyaktigata sAdhanA se nikalakara saMghIya-sAmUhika sAdhanA kI ora AtA gyaa| jIvana kI samRddhi tathA unnati ke liye samAja aura saMgha kA mahattva nirantara abhivRddha hotA rahA hai| vizva eka vRhattama saMgaThana hai to samAja, rASTra saMgha se lekara parivAra taka ke saMgaThana apaneapane prakAra ke vyavahAra ke tathA uddezya ke saMgaThana hote haiN| saMgaThana ko eka hare bhare vizAla vRkSa kI upamA dete haiN| vRkSa ke bar3I-bar3I zAkhAe~, phira choTI TahaniyoM aura hajAroM-hajAra patte rahate haiM aura inhIM meM phUla khilate haiM tathA phala pakate haiN| aise vRkSa kI sundaratA va zobhA usakI virATatA kI jhalaka dikhAtI hai| hare-hare patte havA meM laharAte haiM. phaloM kI sagaMdha saba ora Ananda barasAtI hai to phaloM kA rasa lekara aneka prANI tRpta hote haiN| soceM ki agara pattoM, phUloM aura phaloM ko usa vRkSa se alaga kara deM to phira kyA raha jAegA? usakI sundaratA samApta ho jAegI aura usakA astitva taka DUba jaaegaa| vaha vRkSa DhUMTha bhara raha jAegA / vyakti sirpha DhUMTha hotA hai aura samAja usako pattoM, phUloM aura phaloM se saMvAratA hai, use rasamaya, Anandamaya aura caitanyamaya banAtA hai| jIvana meM prema, sadbhAva aura sahayoga kA jo rasa hai, vahI vyakti ke astitva kA mUla prANa hai| rasa sUkhA to samajhie ki 178

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mAnava caritrazIla banegA to samagra samAja sRjanazIla vyakti niSprANa huA / yaha eka nizcita tathya hai ki jIvana kI samasyAe~ vyakti akelA raha kara hala nahIM kara sakatA, use samUha, saMgha, samAja Adi ke sAtha rahakara hI jIvana ko sakriya tathA sajIva banAye rakhanA hotA hai| koI bhI saMgaThana gaNita kI eka ikAI hotA hai| eka ke aMka ke Age dhana kA cinha lagA kara phira eka kA aMka likhe to usakA jor3a hogA do mAtra / yaha vyakti kA gaNita hai| samAja ke gaNita meM vyakti vyakti ke bIca antara nahIM rakhA jAtA so eka ke aMka ke Age binA kisI cihna yA antara ke eka kA aMka likhiye to vaha banegA gyAraha kA aNk| do aura gyAraha kA bheda hotA hai vyakti tathA samAja kI gaNita meN| jIvana meM gaNita ke isa siddhAMta ko lAgU karane kI jarUrata hai| sabhI prakAra ke saMgaThanoM meM yaha siddhAMta avazyameva phaladAyI hogaa| parivAra ho, samAja ho, dharma saMgha ho, rASTra ho yA samasta vizva- samasyAe~ saba Thaura haiM / kAraNa, saba Thaura mAnavIya durbalatAe~ maujUda haiN| sabhI ina durbalatAoM ko bar3hAvA denA nahIM cAhate, unakA zIghra aura samucita hala nikAlanA cAhate haiN| savAla hai ki unakA hala kaise nikAlA jAe? isa hala liye eka dUsare ke sAtha napharata ThIka nahIM, zoragula aura thothI ghoSaNAe~ bhI vyartha haiM aura dala-sampradAya Adi kA parivartana bhI upayogI nhiiN| isake liye cAhiye sadbhAva, sahiSNutA aura sahayoga jo dhIredhIre samabhAva yA samatA meM badalatA jaae| isake lie apane hI svArtha sAdhana se dUra eka-dUsare ke liye tyAga kI vRtti bhI apanAnI hogI aura yaha sArA vikAsa sAmAjikatA ko sudRr3ha banA kara hI kiyA jA sakatA hai / vyakti karma aura sAmASTika karmaH karma kA sarva sambaddha svarUpa samAja meM vyakti nijI haisiyata se bhI kArya karatA hai aura sAmUhika haisiyata arthAt kisI bhI saMgaThana ke kriyAzIla sadasya ke rUpa meM bhI kArya karatA hai, jinheM kramazaH nAma diye jA sakate haiMvyaSTi karma tathA samaSTi karma / yaha dekhane kI bAta hai ki kyA vyaSTi karma nitAnta vyaSTi kA hI hotA hai athavA samaSTi se bhI prabhAvita ? dekhA yA sunA jAtA hai ki havAI jahAja meM Aga laga gaI aura usake sAre ke sAre yAtrI mAre gye| unake kisa karma ke pariNAmasvarUpa sabako eka sAtha eka-sI mauta maranA pdd'aa| ise sAmudAyika (samadAnI ) karma kahA gayA hai| samudAya ne bAMdhe aura samudAya bhugteN| kintu sthiti yahI sAmane AtI hai ki vyaSTi ke adhikAMza karma samaSTi se prabhAvita rahate haiM / samajhie ki eka vyakti ne eka yAtrI kI jeba kATa lii| use paise kI sakhta jarUrata thI apanI maratI huI mA~ ke IlAja ke liye / jeba kATanA phira bhI aparAdha to hai aura pApa karma bhI hai| kyA usake isa pApa kArya meM samAja bhI bhAgIdAra nahIM hai ? samAja meM phailI ghAtaka viSamatAoM ko miTAnA pUre samAja kI jimmedArI hai| samAja kI isa taraha gaira jimmedArI rahI ki vaha vyakti itanA garIba rahA ki apanI janmadAyinI mA~ kA IlAja taka karAne meM akSama thaa| isa dRSTi se dekheM to karma kA phala tathA vyakti kA mahattva guNAnuguNita ho jAtA hai| samaSTi kA saMdarbha mila jAne se vyaSTi ke pApa karma kA AkAra bhI bar3A ho jAtA hai| aba taka vistAra tathA pratiSThA pAe sAmAjika vicAra ne spaSTa kara diyA hai ki apanI garIbI ke liye garIba hI jimmedAra nahIM hai, balki amIra adhika jimmedAra mAnA jAtA hai| yaha vicAra logoM kI 179

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sucaritram mana-buddhi meM utara cukA hai| karma siddhAMta ke tattvavAda ko zubha kI maryAdA se Age khIMca kara aba use asAmAjika bhAva aura kRtya kA Azraya banA liyA gayA hai| isase usakI satyatA para bhI praznacihna lagA die gae haiN| yAda rakhanA cAhie ki sApekSa satya taka hI manaSya kA vaMza hai| yahI nahIM, vaha satya mAnava-sApekSa hotA hai balki yaha bhI ki vaha deza kAla-sApekSa hotA hai| ___ vyaSTi ke pApa karma ke prabhAva para bhI eka dRSTi DAlanI caahiye| vyaSTi jo pApa kArya karatA hai, kyA vaha sArI duniyA ko mailA karane vAlA nahIM hotA apane pratyakSa athavA parokSa prabhAva se| vaha pApa usa vyakti ko hI kaSTa nahIM detA, sAre samAja ko kaSTita karatA hai| cU~ki pApa usa pApa karane vAle vyakti taka hI sImita nahIM rahatA, usa vyakti kI apanI kSamA prArthanA bhI pUrI kaise hogI? usa pApa kA trAsa cAroM ora phailatA hai| Aja dRSTi aura vicAra ko uttarottara sAmAjika tathA sAmASTika banAne kA samaya A gayA hai| saca pUche to svayaM adhyAtma kA bhI yaha takAjA hai, athavA mAnyatA prApta aneka dharma aura darzana samaya kA sAtha dene meM asamartha bana kara TUTa jAne kI sthiti meM pahu~ca sakate haiN| Aja kA yaha saca hai ki aba saMdarbha nijatA se haTakara parasparatA kI zreNI meM pahuMca gae haiM, ataH vicAra ko usakI anukrama se Age bar3hanA hogA anyathA vicAra pratibhAgI banegA jo mukti kI dizA meM le jAne kI bajAe bandhana meM DAla degaa| dRSTi ko bhI vicArAnukUla honA hogaa| ___ vyaSTi karma aura samaSTi karma ke isa vizleSaNa kA sAra yaha hai ki karma kA svarUpa Aja sarva sambaddha ho gayA hai| sAmAjika kArya evaM prabhAva kA dAyarA itanA bar3A ho gayA hai ki vyakti kahIM bhI usase anachuA nahIM baca sakatA, phira usakA koI bhI karma akele usase hI sambaddha kaise raha sakatA hai? usake nijI pApa karma ke kAraNa aura pariNAma gaharAI se khojeMge to ve samAja kI jaDoM meM hI mileNge| eka kSudra mAnava jaba samAja kA sahArA pAkara hI virAT bana sakatA hai to usa mAnava kA pratyeka karma zubha athavA azubha kahIM na kahIM samAja ko prabhAvita karatA hI hai| caritra ke prati niSThA evaM samarpaNa vyakti va samAja kI jAgRti ke mukhya bindu ___ jIvana meM caritra nirmANa ke bAda usakA samucita rIti se vikAsa karanA hotA hai tAki caritra kI atula zakti kA yathArtha AbhAsa ho ske| isa prakAra ke AbhAsa ke pazcAt hI caritra ke prati aTUTa niSThA utpanna hotI hai| saccI niSThA kisI bhI tattva ke prati tabhI paidA hotI hai jaba usakI prAbhAvikatA kA anubhava ho jAtA hai| isa niSThA ke bala para hI caritra sampannatA cirasthAyI bana jAtI hai tathA isI niSThA kI utkRSTa mana:sthiti meM caritra sAdhaka caritra saMvardhana ke prati samarpita bhI ho jAtA hai| isa niSThA aura samarpaNa bhAvanA se jisa prakAra kI adbhuta jAgRti sAmane AtI hai usa se vyaktigata tathA sAmUhika donoM prakAra ke jIvana Andolita ho uThate haiN| isa dRSTikoNa se caritra niSThA aura usake prati samarpaNa bhAvanA- ye donoM vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika jAgRti ke do mahattvapUrNa bindu bana jAte haiN| inhIM binduoM ke phalita meM ahiMsA, aparigraha tathA adhyAtma ke zikhara taka pahu~cA jA sakatA hai| cahuMmukhI unnati kI isa daur3a meM vyakti aura samAja eka-dUsare ke pUraka banate haiN| yaha daur3a tabhI saphala ho sakatI hai jaba donoM eka-dUsare ke sAtha ghaniSTha rUpa se sambaddha bhI rheN| vyakti samAja se 180

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mAnava caritrazIla banegA to samagra samAja sRjanazIla alaga raha kara na apanA vikAsa kara sakatA hai aura na hI samAja vyakti vihIna hokara apane astitva taka ko bacA sakatA hai| vyakti kA vikAsa apane sAthiyoM ke sahayoga para Azrita hotA haibinA kisI ke sahayoga ke vyakti kisI bhI kArya meM saphalatA prApta nahIM kara sakatA hai| vyakti apane jIvana nirvAha tathA vikAsa ke liye samUhabaddha huA aura usane usI prayojana se aneka prakAra ke saMgaThanoM kI racanA kii| inhIM saMgaThanoM meM sabase pahale parivAra kA saMgaThana banA aura isa parivAroM ke saMgaThana ne hI samAja kA svarUpa grahaNa kiyaa| samAja kI vyAkhyA isa dRSTi se yahI hogI vaha vaha samAjoM kA samAja hai| kisI bhI jAgarUka samAja kA sabase bar3A dAyitva vyakti ke zuddha caritra nirmANa kA rahA hai aura hai| vastutaH jo samAja caritramaya vyaktitva ke nirmANa meM cintanazIla, jAgarUka aura sakriya nahIM, use samAja kA nAma denA bhI nyAyasaMgata nahIM / ApasI samajha, paraspara prema va sahayoga se hI samAja kA svarUpa zuddha aura bhavya banatA hai| samajha ke abhAva meM manuSyoM ke samUha aura ko pazuoM ke samUha meM koI bheda nahIM raha jAtA hai| isa samUha kI bheda rekhA hI hotI hai jo manuSya manuSya athavA pazu kI saMjJA detI hai| aisI samajha kA paidA honA aura panapanA caritra nirmANa tathA usake vikAsa para hI AdhArita rahatA hai / jisa samAja meM caritra gaThana ko sarvocca mahattva diyA jAtA hai, vaha samAja kisI bhI kSetra meM kabhI pichar3a nahIM sakatA hai| usakA prabhAva aura varcasva sadA banA rahatA aura vaisA samAja hI jAgRta, unnata aura samRddha samAja kahalAtA hai| sAmAjika garimA ko akSuNNa banAye rakhane ke uddezya se pratyeka sAmAjika kAryakarttA kA karttavya banatA hai ki vaha apane jJAna, viveka tathA AcaraNa ko jAgRta rakhakara aisA koI kArya na kare jisase usa ke sAmAjika jIvana kI zuddhatA meM prazna cihna lge| use apane tathA samAja ke hitAhita kA satata cintana karate rahanA cAhiye, kyoMki vyakti ke AcAra-vicAra kI zuddhatA yA azuddhatA kA prabhAva usake paripArzva meM par3e binA nahIM rahatA / caritra nirmANa ke mAdhyama se vyakti-sudhAra kA prayoga hI eka dina sAmUhika sudhAra kA AdhAra bana sakatA hai| vyakti na sudhare to samAja ke sudhAra kI AzA kaise kI jA sakatI hai? samAja kI ikAI vyakti hai, ata: pratyeka vyakti kA yaha punIta karttavya tathA mahattvapUrNa dAyitva bana jAtA hai ki vaha zubha saMkalpa, pUrNaniSThA evaM samarpaNa ke sAtha svayaM ke sudhAra kA mAnasa banAve aura caritra nirmANa hetu tatpara bane / caritra nirmANa ke mahad abhiyAna meM mahilAoM kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA se nakArA nahIM jA sakatA hai| Akhira ve bhI to samAja kA AdhA aMga haiM aura isa najarie se ve bhI puruSa ke samAna hI sthAna tathA sammAna kI adhikAriNI haiM to karttavya nirvAha ke kArya meM bhalA unheM pIche kaise chor3a sakate haiM? jisa parivAra aura samAja meM nArI prabuddha evaM vivekavAna hotI hai, vahA~ vaha puruSa ko bhI unmArgagAmI nahIM banane detI haiN| nArI kI cAritrika mahattA kA prabhAva samUce parivAra para par3e binA nahIM raha sakatA hai / nArI kI satya niSThA kA, cAritrika zuddhatA kA, kathanI-karanI kI samAnatA kA, unakI saMtoSavRtti, sAdagI tathA sahiSNutA kA jisa parivAra va samAja para amiTa prabhAva aMkita rahatA hai vaha parivAra va samAja khaMDita nahIM hotA- sadA akhaMDa rahatA hai| samaya aura paristhitiyoM ke jhaMjhAvAta bhI usa prabhAva 181

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sucaritram ko kabhI dhUla-dhusarita nahIM banA sakate haiN| ina guNoM kI pRSThabhUmi meM sadaiva caritra bala hI pradhAna Alambana hotA hai| Adhunika yuga kI caritra sambandhI do viDambanAe~ saMsAra ke paTala para se jaba rAjataMtra yA adhinAyaka taMtra miTane lage to naI zAsana-praNAlI kA janma huA lokataMtra ke rUpa meN| lokataMtra arthAt janatA kA, janatA ke dvArA, janatA ke liye rAja (gavarnameMTa oNpha dI pIpula, bAi dI pIpula eMDa phaoNra dI piipul)| lokataMtra Ama AdamI ko samAna adhikAra dene vAlI acchI zAsana praNAlI mAnI gaI, lekina rAjanIti meM jaba caritrahInatA samAne lagI to isI praNAlI kA duSprayoga kiyA jAnA prAraMbha ho gyaa| eka-eka Ama AdamI kI AvAja sunakara usakI samasyAoM kA hala nikAlane kI bajAya lokataMtra ke nAma para jana pratinidhi zAsaka apane liye voToM kI zataraMja jamAne lge| yaha duSprayoga caritrahInatA ke kAraNa zurU huA to isakA duSpariNAma bhI caritrazIlatA para AghAta ke rUpa meM sAmane Ane lgaa| lokataMtrIya praNAlI ke bigADa ke kAraNa caritra sambandhI do viDambanAe~ sAmane AI haiM jo caritra bala para sIdhA AghAta lagAne vAlI sAbita ho rahI haiN| ye do viDambanAe~ haiM - (1) saccaritra kA caritra hanana (kerekTara esosiaizana)- lokataMtrIya praNAlI se eka nayA badalAva aayaa| yahA~ kI bhAratIya paramparA meM kisI ko usakI yogyatA, pratibhA Adi ke anusAra padAsIna karane kA prastAva va samarthana sadA dUsare karate rahe haiM, lekina isa praNAlI meM svayaM kA prastAva va samarthana svayaM ko hI karanA par3atA hai arthAt cunAva meM khar3A hone vAlA ummIdavAra apanI khUbiyA~ khuda hI batAtA hai aura use samarthana dene kI apIla bhI vaha khuda hI karatA hai| isa hor3a meM hI caritrahanana kA artha hai ki eka saccaritra vyakti para bhI apane svArtha ke liye jhUThe Aropa lagAe jAe, galata pracAra kiyA jAe aura eka acche bhale vyakti ko badanAma kara diyA jaae| rAjanIti meM yoM to paga-paga para sattA svArtha ke liye caritra hanana kA krama calatA rahatA hai, lekina khAsa taura para nirvAcana ke samaya meM caritrahanana kA krama teja ho jAtA hai| adhikAMza janatA ke anapar3ha aura anajAna hone ke kAraNa caritrazIlatA apratiSThita hotI rahatI hai| saca hamezA chipA nahIM rahatA, phira bhI isa duSpravRtti se caritrazIlatA para AghAta to lagate hI haiN| isa pravRtti para kar3I roka laganI cAhie kyoMki caritra hanana kA prayoga eka hathiyAra ke rUpa meM kiyA jA rahA hai| yaha ati nindanIya hai| (2) dUsarI viDambanA hai- duScaritra kA mahimAmaMDana (glorIphikezana)- jo caritrahIna hai yAnI duScaritra hai, aparAdhI hai, taskara hai, mAphiyA hai aura janahitoM kA zatru hai, vahI apane dhana-bala, bhuja-bala aura chala-bala se apane ko caritrazIla batA kara eka saccaritra puruSa kI mahimA se apane ko maMDita karavA letA hai| bholI janatA isa taraha ke pracAra ke phera meM bhI bhramita ho jAtI hai| aise virodhAbhAsI pracAra ke kAraNa Ama AdamI acche va bure vyakti kA pharka AMkane meM bhUla karatA rahatA hai aura apane voTa ke puracoga se apane zoSakoM tathA utpIr3akoM ko hI apane pratinidhi cuna letA hai| caritrahanana aura mahimAmaMDana- ina donoM duSpravRttiyoM ko sAmAnyajana ko bhramita karane ke liye AjamAyA jAtA hai aura hathiyAra ke rUpa meM inakA prayoga hone se caritrazIlatA ko AghAta sahane par3ate 182

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mAnava caritrazIla banegA to samagra samAja sajanazIla haiM to caritrahInatA kA hauMsalA bar3hatA jAtA hai| yaha duSpravRtti lokataMtra ke liye, deza aura samAja ke liye parama ghAtaka bana gaI hai, ataH ise jar3a se ukhAr3a pheMkane ke liye caritra nirmANa ke sambandha meM sAmAnya jana ko jAgarUka banAyA jAnA caahiye| ye donoM viDambanAe~ haiN| vyaSTi evaM samaSTi ke sambandhoM ko navInatA dene kA prazna vyaSTi, vyakti, puruSa yA AdamI (jisake artha meM pulliMga aura strIliMga donoM sammilita haiM) hI mUla meM sArI zaktiyoM kA srota haiN| samaSTi yAnI samAja kA nirmAtA bhI vahI hai| phira bhI usake dvArA racita hone ke uparAnta samaSTi apane Apa eka pRthak zakti samAhita kara letI hai| yahI zakti vyakti se niyaMtrita evaM anuzAsita bhI banAtI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vyaSTi tathA samaSTi ke sambandhoM para taba se vicAra hotA AyA hai jaba se vyakti ne ekAkIpana chor3akara arjana kA dAyitva liyA aura parivAra banAyA, bastiyA~ basAI aura deza jaise bar3e saMyukta ghaTaka kA bhI nirmANa kiyaa| kAraNa sApha hai| vyakti aura samAja kI zaktiyA~ Apasa meM ghula-milakara jaba eka-dUsare ke hita meM kAryarata hotI hai, taba samAja itanI sudRr3ha vyavasthA kA sUtrapAta kara sakatA hai ki vyakti ko apane vikAsa patha meM ubar3a-khAbar3a jamIna nahIM, balki sIdhI, sapATa aura sahaja bhUmi mile aura taba vyakti bhI unnati ke uccatama zikhara taka pahu~ca sakatA hai| yahI hai vyaSTi evaM samaSTi ke saMyukta sadAzaya kA suprinnaam| yahI lakSya prArambha se vicAraNIya rahA hai| jisake sAdhana bhI khoje gae, patha saMcaraNa bhI huA, lekina deza kAla kI paristhitiyoM ke anusAra naI-naI samasyAe~ bhI janma letI rhii| vyaSTi evaM samaSTi ke sambandhoM ke viSaya meM bar3e paimAne para naye-naye prayoga bhI hue aura aba taka vicArakoM ne niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki samaSTi kI zakti suvyavasthita rUpa se parivardhita honI cAhie jo vyaktiyoM ke bIca kI sArI viSamatAe~ samApta karane kA dAyitva bhI le to vyakti kI asAmAjika pravRttiyoM para bhI kar3I roka lagAve / zAsana praNAlI meM vyakti taMtra kI samApti kA yahI mukhya kAraNa rahA hai, kyoMki vyakti kI vRttiyA~ sadA eka-sI nahIM rahatI aura eka vyakti kI zubha-azubha, acchI-burI dhAraNAoM para aneka vyaktiyoM ke bhAgya ko nahIM chor3A jA sakatA hai| koI bhI saMgaThana apane AdarzoM athavA uddezyoM se AsAnI se nahIM girAyA jA sakatA hai, ataH sAmAnya jana kA kisI eka vyakti kI apekSA saMgaThana ke prati vizvAsa jamA huA raha sakatA hai| isa dRSTi se Adhunika yuga ko samaSTiparaka kahA jAe to anucita nahIM hogaa| Aja kA pradhAna prayAsa yahI hai ki vyaSTi evaM samaSTi ke bIca samaSTi kI kArya kSamatA adhika sakriya rahe tathA sabhI prakAroM se donoM ke bIca svastha santulana kI vidyamAnatA bhI rhe| vartamAna vaijJAnika yuga meM donoM ke sambandhoM kI samasyAoM ke sAtha eka naI samasyA aura jur3a gaI hai aura vaha hai vijJAna kI 'bhISaNa' pragati, jo jaivika tathA jIna ke kSetroM meM sAdhI gaI hai aura klona banAne taka pahuMca gaI hai| yaha pragati bhI sAdhI to vyakti ne hI hai samAja ke sahayoga se, kintu yadi aisI pragati berokaToka, Age bar3hatI rahI to Ama AdamI samAja ke zaktizAlI varga kA roboTa mAtra bana kara raha jaaegaa| taba vyakti asahAya aura samAja paMgu ho jaaegaa| jaise oNTomezana tathA kampyUTarIkaraNa se zramikoM yA anya karmiyoM ke hAtha kaTa gaye haiM, vaise hI banda grIna hAUsoM meM jaivika vidhiyA~ apAra 183

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sucaritram kRSi utpAdana karane lagI to kisAnoM ke pA~va hI kaTa jaayeNge| kampyUTaroM ko banAyA to vyakti ke dimAga ne hI, lekina ye banAvaTI dimAga vyakti ke hI sira para car3ha gae haiM, kyoMki asalI dimAga to choTI-bar3I bhUleM kara sakatA hai, lekina yaha nakalI dimAga choTI se choTI bhUla nahIM karatA hai| jIna takanIka jaba bhAMti-bhAMti ke klonoM kI lAIna lagA degI, taba kahA~ rahegA asalI vyakti aura kaise hogI usa kI pahicAna? kahane kA Azaya yaha hai ki yaha jo vyaSTi tathA samaSTi kI zaktiyoM ke sAtha tIsarI zakti jina bhAvI AzaMkAoM ke sAye meM ubhara rahI hai, vaha hara taraha se 'ati bhISaNa' siddha hone vAlI hai| yaha caritra nirmANa tathA vikAsa ke liye bhI kaThina velA hai| yadi vyaSTi tathA samaSTi kI zaktiyoM ko sahayogI na banAyA jA sakA tathA donoM ke bIca santulanAtmaka vyavasthA kAyama nahIM kI jA sakI to yaha bhISaNa vijJAna sampUrNa mAnava jAti ko vinAza kI kagAra taka pahu~cA degaa| Aja yuvA zakti ko Age AnA hogA, apane caritra sAmarthya ko sakSama banAnA hogA tathA vijJAna ko mAnava kalyANa kI dizA se bhaTakane nahIM denA hogaa| isa svastha sambandha ke liye vyakti ko apane ahaMkAra, anyAya aura atyAcAra kI niraMkuzatA tyAganI hogI to yaha dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki sarva zaktiyoM ko kendrita karake samAja bhI vyakti haMtA na bana jaae| yaha niyaMtraNa bhI sAdhanA hogA ki vijJAna apanI mAnava kalyANa kI paTarI se nIce na utara ske| vijJAna vyakti ke vajUda para hI prazna cihna lagAne lage- yaha to kadApi sahya nahIM honA caahie| Aja kI ina paristhitiyoM kA takAjA hai ki vyaSTi tathA samaSTi ke sambandhoM ko navInatA dI jaae| paranta kaise bhareM navInatA ke raMga aura gaMjita kareM samarasatA ke svara? yaha camatkAra caritra bala se hI saMbhava ho sakatA hai| vyaSTi va samaSTi ke sambandhoM kA bigar3anA yA ki vijJAna kI pragati kA bhISaNa rUpa le lenA-yaha saba caritra ke abhAva meM hI ho rahA hai| jaba vyakti svayaM apanI svArthapUrti meM niraMkuza bana jAtA hai, taba vaha samAja ko tor3atA hai arthAt sAmAjika niyamoM yA lakSmaNa rekhAoM kA ullaMghana karatA hai| isa kAraNa svacchaMdatA tathA arAjakatA kA vAtAvaraNa bana jAtA hai to vyakti evaM samAja donoM kI svastha pragati ko roka detA hai| niraMkuza vyaktiyoM kA yaha durAcaraNa hI sarvatra caritrahInatA ko bar3hAvA detA hai| caritrahIna vyakti suvyavasthita samAja kA kabhI bhI sahAyaka nahIM bana sakatA hai| ___ caritra ke mUla bindu para Akara hameM ThaharanA hogA aura vicAra karanA hogA ki vyakti tathA samAja kI unnati athavA avanati meM caritrazIlatA athavA caritrahInatA kA kyA rola hotA hai? yaha samIkSA hameM mArga dikhAegI ki caritra nirmANa kA kArya hI baniyAdI hai aura isake binA kisI bhI zabha parivartana kA zrIgaNeza nahIM kiyA jA sakatA tathA na hI usa zubha parivartana ko sthAyI banAyA jA sakatA hai| ataH caritra nirmANa kA kArya sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa hai| eka caritrazIla vyakti apanI cAritrika pratibhA se caritra nirmANa kA saphala vistAra kara sakatA hai to vyaSTi tathA samaSTi ke bIca sahayogI sambandhoM kA nirmANa bhii| jaba vyakti aura samAja caritra vikAsa ke mArga para agragAmI ho jAte haiM taba samAja meM sArI viSamatAoM kA anta ho jAegA-na Arthika viSamatA vyaktiyoM ke caritra ko patita kara 184

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mAnava caritrazIla banegA to samagra samAja sRjanazIla pAegI aura na hI sattAkAmI rAjanIti ayogyoM ko Age lAkara lokataMtra ke svarUpa ko vikRta kara skegii| vyakti tathA samAja ke sarvAMgINa vikAsa kA caritra nirmANa hI mUlAdhAra hai| mAnava cetanA adamya hai, avijeya hai aura hai sAmAjika sRjana kI maulika dhArA yaha zAzvata satya hai ki mAnava cetanA adamya hai aura avijeya hai| yaha cetanA apane antaratama paTala ko chU kara aura cheda kara bAhara AegI to vaha tAMtrika rAjanIti aura arthanIti ke jAla meM phaMsegI nahIM, balki svayaM unako mukta karatI huI utthAnagAmI bnegii| vAstava meM Aja isa prakAra kI cetanA se yukta mAnavAvasthA kI AvazyakatA hai jo taMtroM (Teknikala) tathA yaMtroM (mekenikala) kI vivazatAoM ke pAra dekhe aura takanIkI udyogoM tathA rAjanItika AdezoM ko apanI ora se naye saMskAra evaM naI dizA de| aisI cetanA hI samAja vyApta hokara sAmAjika sRjana ko bar3hAvA detI hai tathA isa prakAra kI cetanA ke vikAsa kA eka akelA mAdhyama hai jana-jana kA caritra nirmANa tathA sAmAjika caritra kI pratiSThA / samAja, saMsthA tathA sAmudAyikatA ke kendra meM vyakti hI hotA hai, isIliye kahA gayA hai ki kendra vyakti kyoMki vAstavikatA yahI hai / anya saMjJAe~ dhAraNAtmaka ThaharatI hai aura bhAvAveza ke sAtha unakI satyatA camakatI - bujhatI hai| saca yaha hai ki mAnava TikatA hai, sirpha nAre badalate haiN| vAda naye purAne banate haiM, mAnavatA sanAtana rahatI hai| vastutaH mAnava hI vaha kasauTI hai, jisa para kasa kara sabhI vAdoM ko parakhA jAtA hai aura phaiMkA jAtA hai| mAnava ke liye vAda na raha kara jaba vAda ke liye mAnava bana jAtA hai, taba vahI dazA hotI hai, jahA~ gAr3I ghor3e ko khIMcatI hai, para asala meM to gAr3I khiMcane ko hai aura ghor3A use khIMcatA hai| vAda kI paMkti meM hI paMthoM tathA sampradAyoM kA bhI sthAna hai| ye paMtha aura sampradAya jIrNa hote aura TUTate haiM usa samaya jaba mAnava inake bIca meM se gAyaba ho jAtA hai yAnI ki mAnava inake na to kendra meM aura na anyatra rahatA hai| mAnavatA kA astitvahIna honA kisI bhI vAda yA paMtha ke liye zubha nahIM aura samAja ke liye kataI nahIM, kyoMki usake binA sArI - sRjanAtmaka gatividhiyA~ lupta ho jAtI hai / mAnavatA nahIM yAnI ki mAnava caritra nahIM to phira bhalA samAja meM sRjanazIlatA kahA~ se A pAegI ? mAnava cetanA ke vibhinna stara haiM - yaha tathya mAnanA hogA, kyoMki usakI cetanA baMTI huI hotI hai| vaha ekIkRta aura ekatrita nahIM hai| isI kAraNa asta-vyasta cetanA vAloM ke liye kaha diyA jAtA hai ki ye mAnava to mAnava hI nahIM haiM aura jisa mAnava kI cetanA bikhara jAtI hai, citta ekadama vighaTita ho jAtA hai use to pAgala mAnakara zikaMjoM meM tAlA lagAkara banda kara diyA jAtA hai| mAnava amAnava ho jAtA hai jabaki vaha apane hI citta se vimukta aura vikSipta ho jAtA hai| ataH mAnava kA mUlya isameM hai ki usameM citta hai, anta:karaNa hai, viveka hai aura mUla caritra hai| mAnava kA citta se sambandha DhIlA huA, antaHkaraNa ulajhA, viveka bikharA aura caritra bigar3A to samajhie ki usI mAtrA meM usakA mUlya khaMDita aura naSTa ho jAtA hai| isake viparIta mAnava apanI antazcetanA evaM caritra zakti se jitanA yukta, saMyukta evaM abhinna banatA hai utanA hI usakA mUlya bar3ha jAtA hai| mAnavIya 185

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sucaritram mUlyoM kA yahI rahasya hai| pUrNa AtmaniSTha aura AtmavAn puruSa meM mAno sabako Atmadarzana hotA hai jise sad darzana kahA jAtA hai taba vaha puruSa eka na rahakara saba ho jAtA hai| vyaSTi na rahakara samaSTi bana jAtA hai| usa nara meM sahasA nArAyaNa bhAva tathA AtmA meM paramAtma bhAva A jAtA hai kyoMki pratyeka ke parama abhyaMtara meM vahI to hai jo sarva aura sarvatra hai| usa abhyantara ke sAtha vyakti cetanA kA pUrNa yoga ho to vyaktitva usakI sImA nahIM, apitu usa kA prakAza bana jAtA hai| ___ ataH sArthaka vastusthiti yahI hai ki mAnava ko kendra meM liyA jAe tathA mAnava ko hI usakI dharma-dhAraNA aura karma vicAra kA madhya binda banAyA jaae| phira mAnava kA jo bhI Ayojana-prayojana athavA kAryakrama hogA, vaha lAbhaprada hI rhegaa| hamArI rIti-nItiyA~, arthanItiyA~, rAjanItiyA~, samAjanItiyA~ Adi sabhI nItiyA~ bahuta adhika bauddhika banatI jA rahI hai jo mAnava ko lAMgha rahI hai balki usa atikramaNa ke AdhAra para hI mAnava kA kalyANa sAdhane kA dama bhI bharatI haiN| yaha saba vibhramapUrNa ho gayA hai| AdamI ke bhale kA nAma lekara use hI IMdhana banA kara yuddha kI bhaTTI meM jhoMka diyA jAtA hai| yaha aba taka huA so ThIka lekina vijJAna ke agale caraNa ke sAtha bhI magara yahI prakriyA cAlU rahI to kucha bhI kuzala nhiiN| vaha mAnava jAti ke saMhAra kA samaya bhI ho sakatA hai| ___yaha mAnanA hogA ki mAnava aura samAja donoM anyonyAzrita hai| vyakti caritrahIna hotA hai to usakI kAlI chAyA samAja ko bhI gheratI hai kinta sAmAjika niyaMtraNa para breka lagAkara usake phailAva ko rokA bhI jA sakatA hai| mUla bAta yaha hai ki samAja kA srota vyakti sadA svastha rahanA cAhiye aura usake sasvAsthya kA rakSaka hotA hai caritra bl| isa kAraNa vyakti-vyakti kA caritra nirmANa prathamataH anivArya hai| jahA~ caritra hai, vahA~ ahiMsA hai| jahA~ ahiMsA hai, vahAM surakSA hai| jahA~ surakSA hai, vahA~ zAnti haiN| jahA~ zAnti hai, vahA~ sRjana hai| mAnava caritrazIla banegA to samagra samAja sRjanazIla-yaha nizcita dhAraNA hai| 186

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caritra nirmANa kA pAramparika pravAha evaM usakA saiddhAMtika pakSa 114

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caritra nirmANa kA pAramparika pravAha evaM usakA saiddhAMtika pakSa preraka caritroM se banatI hai virATa saMskRti va sabhyatA rAjA harizacandra kI kathA sabhI jAnate haiN| sapane meM " vacana dene para bhI unhoMne apane samUce rAjya ko dAna meM diyA tathA sAmAnya jIvana jIne kI dRSTi se ve apanI mahArAnI tArA tathA rAjakumAra rohita ke sAtha apane rAjya kI sImA se dUra anya rAjya meM cale ge| kintu unakI parIkSA kA kAla to usa ke bAda zuru huaa| mahArAnI tArA ne eka brAhmaNa ke ghara meM apane sukomala putra rohita kI dekharekha karate hue jaba dAsI kI naukarI kI to vahAM unheM kyA-kyA bhugatanA par3A-yaha AMsuoM se bharI kahAnI hai| udhara rAjA harizacandra ko cAkarI milI eka cANDAla ke yahAM, jisane unheM zmazAna meM niyukta kiyA ki ve antima kriyA hetu zavoM ko lAne vAloM se kara vsuule| parIkSA kI ati saMkaTamaya ghar3I to taba upasthita huI jaba sarpadaMza se mRtyu pAe apane putra rohita kA zava lekara akelI hI antima saMskAra hetu tArA zmazAna phuNcii| tArA ke pAsa kara dene ko kucha nahIM thA aura harizacandra ne cANDAla kI cAkarI meM karttavyaniSTha bana tArA ko pahacAna kara bhI nahIM pahacAnA, putra ke mRtyu kaSTa ke AMsuoM ko khUna kA cUMTa pIkara raha gae, lekina tArA ko kara cukAne kA haTha karane 187

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sucaritram lage jisake na cukAne taka zava kA antima saMskAra saMbhava nhiiN| tArA ne apanI pahanI huI eka mAtra sAr3I kA AdhA bhAga kara cukAne ke lie phAr3a kara diyA aura yoM harizacandra saparivAra parIkSA meM sirpha saphala hI nahIM hue balki kaSToM kI Aga meM tapa kara kundana kI taraha nikhara kara bAhara aae| ___ kyA AvazyakatA thI sapane meM diye gaye vacana ke pAlana karane kI? dAna meM rAjya diyA bhI to aparicita banakara anya rAjya meM unhoMne jAna bUjha kara kaSToM ko AmaMtrita kyoM kiyA? kyoM unhoMne apane hIna svAmiyoM ke hAthoM yAtanAeM jhelane ko apanI niyati mAna lI? kyA kAraNa rahA ki harizacandra ne putra-prema, patnI-prema sabako eka bAra tilAMjali hI de dI? kaunasI zakti unake sAtha thI ki ve apane vacana tathA karttavya pAlana para itane aTala raha sake? unake mana mAnasa meM kyA lakSya thA jisake liye apane sarvasva nyauchAvara ko bhI unhoMne apanA akiMcana prayAsa mAnA? unake saMdarbha ko Aja bhI jIvana meM kisa dRSTi se dekhA jA sakatA hai? itane sAre praznoM ke uttara khojanA nizcaya hI eka preraNAprada tathA AnandadAyaka viSaya hai| ____ jo apane jIvana ko bahuta halke meM lete haiM yAnI ki apane jIvana ke apUrva mahattva ko AtmasAt nahIM karate balki usake mahattva ko samajhate bhI nahIM athavA samajhanA bhI nahIM cAhate, unake liye uparokta praznoM ke uttaroM kI zAyada upayogitA na ho, kintu aise samajhadAra para vivekahIna vyaktiyoM kI saMkhyA adhika nahIM hotii| adhikAMza vyakti isa jIvana kI mahattA ko samajhate bhI haiM aura mAnate bhI haiN| ve mArga bhI khojate haiM ki jisa para cala kara isa jIvana ko sArthaka banA sakeM aura aise vyaktiyoM ke liye ina praznoM ke uttara sarvocca mahattva rakhate haiN| bhArata kI cAritrika paramparA meM 'prANa jAhi para vacana na jAhi' ke anusAra vacana pAlana para aTalatA rakhane kA vidhAna rahA hai| pAlana meM nyUnAdhikatA ho sakatI hai kintu koI usake pAlana kA Adarza bhI prastuta kara sakatA hai| Adarza taka jo pahuMcatA hai vaha tadanusAra kucha adbhuta bhI karatA hI hai| kyA antara par3A usa Adarza puruSa ke liye sapane meM vacana dene meM athavA jAgate meM vacana dene meM? vacana vacana hotA hai usake liye| harizacandra kA yaha caritra Adarza kA vaha prakAza staMbha hai jisake prakAza meM hara koI apane caritra kI naukA ko apane sAmarthya ke anusAra tirA sakatA hai| yaha caritraniSThA kI hI bAta thI ki tyAga ke bAda bhI bhoga kI icchA kyoM zeSa rahe? apane rAjya meM rahate to prajAjana unheM koI kaSTa thor3e hI hone dete? phira to dAna aura tyAga kA mahattva hI nahIM rhtaa| kaSToM ko nyautA denA, dhairya pUrvaka unheM sahanA aura kaSTa sahiSNu bananA vIrocita kArya haiM, taba kyA harizacandra apanI vIratA para kalaMka lagAte? unhoMne sAmAnya jana bana kara apAra kaSTa sahe aura kartavya pAlana meM Ananda kI anubhUti kI, kyoMki unake caritra kA pRSThabala unake sAtha thA aura caritra saMpannatA kabhI-bhI satya kA dAmana nahIM chodd'tii| karttavya aura nyAya kI vedI para patnI, putra kyA, svayaM kI bhI bali car3hA dene meM caritrazIla puruSoM ko kabhI koI saMkoca nahIM hotA / caritra bala unakA sudRr3ha sambala hotA hai aura satya unakA antima lkssy| vaha puruSa mahAnatA kA varaNa hI kaise karegA, jo apanI lakSya prApti ke liye apane sarvasva ko nyauchAvara kara dene meM jhijhakatA ho? sabase bar3I bAta yaha hai ki kyA rAjA harizacandra Aja bhI hamAre liye preraNA ke srota ho sakate haiM aura ho sakate haiM to vaha preraNA kyA 188

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caritra nirmANa kA pAramparika pravAha evaM usakA saiddhAMtika pakSa hai ? rAjA harizacandra ke jIvana kI tejomayatA yaha hai ki vaha utkRSTa cAritrika paramparA tathA zreSTha caritra sAdhanA para AdhArita thA aura unakI usa caritra sampannatA kA pradhAna lakSya thA- satya kA sAkSAtkAra / unake caritraniSTha jIvana ke roma-roma meM satya samAyA huA thaa| una kA uThanA-baiThanA, sonA- jAganA, bolanA- kahanA saba kucha satya ke Aloka meM hI hotA thaa| to kyA Aja bhI unakA caritra aura satya kisI pragatikAmI aura pragatigAmI ke liye Adarza nahIM ho sakatA hai? jIvana kI sArthakatA hI caritra nirmANa tathA satyazodha meM rahI huI hai aura jo apane jIvana ko sArthaka nahIM kara sakatA hai, mAniye ki vaha apane hI hAthoM apane apUrva jIvana kA nAdAnI meM galA ghoMTa rahA hai| isa para Aja adhika gaMbhIratApUrvaka vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA hai, kyoMki vartamAna ke viSama evaM vizRMkhala samAja meM rAjA harizacandra kA Adarza sarvAdhika prAsaMgika evaM anukaraNIya AcaraNIya hai / yadi isa yuga meM caritra evaM satya kI patAkA phaharA dI jAe to jIvana kA vaha saba kucha zreSTha prApya ho sakatA hai, jo caritrahInatA ke aMdhakAra meM lopa hotA jA rahA hai sabhyatA, saMskRti, dhAraNA, paramparA evaM caritra nirmANa : bhAratIya vicArakoM ne ina cAra zabdoM sabhyatA, saMskRti, dhAraNA va paramparA meM mAnava ke sampUrNa vikAsa ko sannihita kiyA hai| mAnava jaba mAnava to thA zArIrika dRSTi se, kintu vikAsa kI dRSTi se bahuta Adi thA, taba use ina cAroM zabdoM kA na jJAna thA aura na anubhv| anubhava kA prazna hI paidA nahIM hotA jaba jJAna aura AcaraNa donoM na ho| mAnava vikAsa ke vaijJAnika itihAsakAroM kA mAnanA hai ki Aga kI khoja ne sabhyatA kI nIMva kA pahalA patthara rakhA, phira pahiye kI khoja ne usake AvAgamana ko paMkha lagAye / jyoM-jyoM logoM kA Apasa meM samparka bar3hane lagA tyoM-tyoM sAmUhika AcaraNa vidhi panapI aura sAmAjikatA ne janma liyA / yaha sAmUhika AcaraNa yA vyavahAra kI hI bAta hai ki caritra kA pahalU ujAgara huaa| vyavahAra kI rIti-nIti ne caritra ke pakSa meM kaI raMga ubhAre to utkRSTa bhAvanAoM ke prabhAva se dharma aura darzana prakaTa hue| isa sAre vikAsa ke sAtha caritra ke rUpoM kA nirdhAraNa huA aura unameM se jo rUpa sarvahitaiSI mAna kara samAja dvArA mAnya kiye gaye unakA vyApaka kSetra meM pracalana prAraMbha huaa| pracalana ke vistAra ke 'sAtha vyavahAra ke jo guNa lokapriya hue unake saMbaMdha meM Ama dhAraNA banane lgii| dhAraNA kA artha Ama pasandagI aura use banAe rakhane kI icchaa| yahI dhAraNA jaba eka pIr3hI se dUsarI pIr3hI taka pahuMcI aura usa ne jo sthAyI rUpa liyA, use paramparA kA nAma diyA gyaa| paramparA ke nAma se kisI bhI pracalana guNa-doSa parakhane kI jarUrata nahIM hai| usa para mAnyatA kI mohara lagI huI mAna liyA gayA / vyakti tathA samAja ke jIvana meM saMbaMdhita aisI mAnya paramparAoM kA samUha usa samAja kI pahacAna bana gyaa| yaha pahacAna hI sabhyatA ke nAma se jAnI gii| ke sabhyatA kA artha hai ki hama karate kyA haiM arthAt eka samAja, saMgaThana yA rASTra ke nirdhArita karaNIya aura akaraNIya kAryoM kA saMyukta rUpa usa samAja, saMgaThana yA rASTra kI sabhyatA ke nAma se vikhyAta huA / aisI sabhyatAeM apane guNa doSoM ke AdhAra para sthAI banI yA garta meM samA gii| uttama sabhyatAoM ne kSetroM ke dAyare bhI tor3e aura unakA prabhAva dUra-dUra taka phailA / aisI sabhyatAoM meM 189

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sucaritram bhAratIya sabhyatA bhI eka hai| yaha sabhyatA paripakva banakara jaba guNoM kA bhaMDAra ho gaI to usI ne saMskRti kI saMjJA prApta kara lii| yoM zreSTha saMskRti ati dIrghAyu hotI hai aura unnati patha para calane ke liye anekoM kI preraNA srota banatI rahatI hai| hama kyA karate haiM? (vaoNTa vI DU)-yaha hotI hai hamArI sabhyatA aura hama kyA hai (vaoNTa vI Ara )? usakI pahacAna karAtI hai hamArI sNskRti| kintu ina cAroM caraNoM se gujara kara sAMskRtika mUlya usI tattva ko milatA hai jo caritra sampanna samAja ke pRSThabala se puSTa hotA hai| caritra kI niSThA jaba pratyeka tattva, pratyeka jJAna bindu tathA AcaraNa pakSa ke sAtha ghaniSThatA se jaDatI hai tabhI kisI rIti-nIti ke prati vyApaka dhAraNA banatI hai jo paramparA ke rUpa meM rUpAntarita hotI hai| zreSTha paramparAeM sabhyatA meM DhalatI hai aura vahI kAlAntara meM amuka samAja kI saMskRti ke nAma se prakhyAta hotI hai| caritra kA saMdarbha mAnava vikAsa ke ina cAroM caraNoM ke sAtha saMyukta hotA hai yAnI mAnava aura samAja ke jIvana kA pramukha gaNa banatA hai| yadi caritra nirmita, gaThita aura vikasita hai to vaisA vyakti aura samAja pragati kI daur3a meM sabase Age hotA hai tathA usakI sabhyatA aura saMskRti sarvatra tathA sarvadA sarAhI jAtI hai| caritra nirmANa, vikAsa kI nIMva kA vaha patthara hai jisa para eka pIr3hI kA vaiyaktika yA sAmAjika jIvana hI nahIM TikatA, balki kaI pIr3hiyAM usa nIMva ke patthara para apanI unnati ke mahala khar3e karatI rahatI haiN| itanA hI nahIM, usa sudRr3ha caritra nirmANa ke phalasvarUpa Dhalane vAlI sabhyatA aura saMskRti anantakAla taka mAnava jAti ko usake vikAsa kA patha-darzana karAtI rahatI hai| zArIrika tathA mAnasika vikAsa ke sAtha caritra nirmANa kI kramikatA : mAnava ke zarIra vikAsa ke sAtha usa kA mAnasika vikAsa bhI hotA rahA, yadyapi mAnasika vikAsa kI gati bahuta hI dhImI rhii| kaiyoM kA zarIra to vikAsa kara jAtA, lekina mana nAdAna hI banA rhtaa| Aja bhI kaI aise mAnasika vikalAMga dekhe jA sakate haiN| kintu phira bhI samasta prANiyoM meM mAnava hI aisA prANI hai jo buddhi kA dhanI bnaa| isa buddhi ne hI use yaha viziSTatA dI hai ki vaha apane jIvana kI sArthakatA ke bAre meM jAneM, saba prANiyoM ke kalyANa kI bAta soce aura sAre saMsAra ko sabake samAna hitoM kA nivAsa sthAna bnaave| isa buddhi ne hI usake apane sarvocca vikAsa ke zikhara bhI khoje aura mAnava jAti ke bIca santulana, samanvaya tathA sAmaMjasya ke tAra jodd'e| mAnasika vikAsa se buddhi bala bar3hA, bar3hI huI buddhi ne jJAna ke dvAra khole| jJAna ne cahuMmukhI pragati ke patha ko darzAyA aura AcAra vidhiyAM sthApita kI jinako lekara aneka dharma evaM darzana prakaTa hue to jJAna vijJAna ke rUpa meM Dhala kara pratyakSa pragati kA patha saMjone lgaa| tabhI yaha samasyA bhI sAmane AI ki vividha dharma, darzanoM, vAdoM, vicAroM, vaijJAnika prayogoM-pariNAmoM ke bIca mAnava apane aura sampUrNa vizva ke sAtha kaisA vicAra aura AcAra saMsthApita kare ki saMsAra samatAmaya vAtAvaraNa meM apane nAma ke anurUpa sama+sAra vAlA yAnI sarva sukhada sthAna bana jaae| sama+sAra vAlA saMsAra kA mUlAdhAra hai caritra nirmANa-vyakti ke ghaTaka se lekara sabase bar3e ghaTaka vizva taka kA caritra nirmANa jo vyakti se prAraMbha hogA aura sAmUhika svarUpa lete hue sarvatra 190

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caritra nirmANa kA pAramparika pravAha evaM usakA saiddhAMtika pakSa prasArita ho skegaa| isa dRSTi se caritra nirmANa ke krama ko samajhane kI jarUrata hai aura yaha bhI samajhane kI jarUrata hai ki caritra nirmANa kI kramikatA ko kaise niyamita evaM sthAyI banA sakate haiM? svAbhAvika prakriyA ke anusAra caritra nirmANa kA kArya avyakta rUpa se hotA rahatA hai| yaha rUpa gar3hatA hai parivAra meM, jahAM navajAta zizu vahAM ke vAtAvaraNa se saMskAra grahaNa karatA hai| jaise parivAra ke saMskAra paramparA ke patha se nirmita hue hoMge, unakA AropaNa parivAra ke naye sadasya ke hRdaya meM hotA hai| yaha AropaNa usa samaya se hI AraMbha ho jAtA hai jaba garbhAdhAna hotA hai, mAtA-pitA Adi ke jIna kA prabhAva bhI garbhastha zizu para par3atA hai, jisakI vyavasthA kI jAtI hai| yaha vyakta rUpa pratyakSa hotA hai-zikSA, dizA nirdeza, upadeza, svAdhyAya Adi ke mAdhyama se| yadi zikSA kA prabaMdha uttama hai to bAlaka kA sarvAMgINa vikAsa usake dvArA aisA hogA ki vaha caritra nirmANa ko jIvana kA AdhAra banA kara hI Age gati kregaa| kacha zikSita ho jAne para hitaiSI logoM ke dizA nirdeza bhI usake jIvana ko prabhAvita karate haiN| adhyayanakAla ho yA sevAkAla-anubhavI logoM ke dizA nirdeza bhI jIvanopayogI hote haiN| upadeza kA kSetra to pUre jIvana bhara ke liye khulA hotA hai jo caritra nirmANa evaM caritra vikAsa meM satata sahAyaka banatA hai| upadeza, pravacana, vyAkhyAna Adi una santa puruSoM ke prabhAvazAlI hote haiM jinhoMne apane anubhava se kuzalatA, udAratA, tyAga Adi kA pATha par3hA hai aura jo sadAcaraNa kI zikSA dete haiN| Atmika aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke liye to upadeza Adi amata ke samAna hote haiN| upadezoM se zrotA kA Antarika jAgaraNa hotA hai jisake binA caritra nirmANa saMbhava nhiiN| isa jAgRti ke sAtha hI jaba svAdhyAya meM pravRtti hotI hai to cintana-manana kA daura calatA hai, jo vyakti ko caritraniSTha banAtA hai| anta:karaNa evaM bhAvanA kI prabalatA ke sAtha sAmahika caritra vikAsa kI gati tIvra hotI hai| pariNAmasvarUpa caritra jAgaraNa ke abhiyAna Adi meM saphalatA kA vAtAvaraNa banatA hai| samUha meM caritra nirmANa kA kArya donoM pakSa kI dRSTi se sarala ho jAtA hai| yaha vyaktigata evaM sAmUhika caritra nirmANa hI AcaraNa ke pragatizIla mAnadaMDa nirdhArita karatA hai| phira nirdhAraNa se dhAraNA, paramparA, sabhyatA aura saMskRti kA krama cala par3atA hai| caritra nirmANa kI aisI kramikatA sthApita kI jAnI cAhie ki pIr3hiyoM taka vyaktiyoM kI tathA samAja kI caritra zreSThatA banI rhe| yaha batAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki caritra nirmANa kA prabhAva gaMharA aura vyApaka hotA hai tathA kramikatA use sthAyI rUpa pradAna karatI hai| yaha avazya hai ki caritra nirmANa kI dizA honI cAhie jJAna kI dRSTi se bhI aura AcaraNa kI dRSTi se bhii| azubhatA ko tyAganA tathA zubhatA ko apanAnA aisI saMkalpabaddhatA ke sAtha ho ki zubha nirantara zubhatara banatA rahe aura yahI caritra nirmANa kI kasauTI hogii| sahI caritra nirmANa kI kramikatA se hI aise mAnavIya mUlyoM kI pratiSThA hotI hai jo dIrghajIvI hote haiN| paramparA ke pravAha meM mahApuruSoM kA yogadAna evaM caritra bala ke camatkAra : cAritrika paramparA kA pragAr3ha pravAha bahatA hai mahApuruSoM kI caritra sAdhanA se| unakI caritra sAdhanA kI zakti vizva ke kaNa-kaNa meM vyApta ho jAtI hai aura vahI zakti caritra nirmANa kI pravRtti ko prerita karatI rahatI hai| vyakti kI AntarikatA meM bhI aura samUha kI hArdikatA meM bhii| yaha caritra 191

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sucaritram nirmANa kI pravRtti hotI hai| caritra nirmANa kI jo sArvajanika lau bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne prajvalita kI, usI lau ko Age se Age sAdhanA kA tela milatA rahA aura yo lau jalatI rahI kabhI teja to kabhI mNdii| jaba-jaba lau maMdI huI, use sambhAlA hai kisI na kisI mahApuruSa ne| maryAdA puruSottama rAma ne jaba rAkSasI vRtti phaila rahI thI use rokA aura sabako jIvana kI zreSTha maryAdAoM kA bhAna karAyA jina para caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA AdhArita thii| rAma ke bAda karmayogI kRSNa, ahiMsA ke avatAra bhagavAn mahAvIra, karuNAkaraNa bhagavAn buddha Adi aneka mahApuruSoM ne apane Adarza jIvana ke mAdhyama se caritra nirmANa kI paramparA ke pravAha ko hitAvaha evaM sukhada banAkara jana jIvana ko caritra se vibhUSita kiyaa| yaha pravAha kabhI bhI avaruddha nahIM huaa| Adhunika yuga meM bhI mahAtmA gAMdhI ne caritra nirmANa ko vyApaka AdhAra para prAbhAvika banA kara janatA ko isa rUpa meM Andolita kiyA ki caritra nirmANa kI paramparA ke pravAha meM eka nayA tejomaya svarUpa sAmane AyA aura sArA vizva prabhAvita huaa| paramparA ke pravAha ke supariNAma bhI sadA sAmane Ate rahe haiM jinheM caritra bala ke camatkAroM ke rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| arjuna mAlI tathA aMgulImAla ke udAharaNa Azcaryajanaka haiM / yakSa ke vazAdhIna arjuna mAlI pratidina sAta-sAta hatyAeM kara rahA thA aura usa kAraNa pUre nagara meM AtaMka chAyA huA thA kintu sudarzana zramaNopAsaka kI preraNA se jaba vaha bhagavAn mahAvIra kI zaraNa meM gayA to usake jIvana kA kAyAkalpa hI ho gyaa| hatyArA arjuna sUkSmAtisUkSma jIvoM kA bhI rakSaka aura saMyama sAdhaka bana gyaa| bhagavAn buddha ke vyaktitva kA bhI DAkU aMgulImAla para aisA hI zubha prabhAva par3A jo pratidina apane dvArA vadha kiye hae logoM kI aMgaliyoM kI mAlA pahanA karatA thA aura to aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pairoM meM daMza dekara bhI caMDakauzika sarpa ne apanI viSAktatA isa prakAra tajI ki vaha sabakI krara pratikriyA ko bhI zAnti ke sAtha sahane ke liye tatpara bana gyaa| ye caritra prabhAva kI bAnagiyAM haiN| mahAnatA caritra prabhAva kI hotI hai jo eka sAmAnya vyakti bhI vizeSa avasara para viziSTa saphalatA kA paricaya dekara prakaTa kara sakatA hai| pazcimI deza kA eka udAharaNa hai kesAblAMkA kaa| vaha eka kizoravaya kA yuvaka thA aura apane mAtA-pitA kA AjJAkArI putr| usake pitA eka jalayAna meM kaptAna the, unakA putra bhI pitA ke sAtha jahAja para kAma karatA thaa| eka bAra pitA ne use eka sthAna para tainAta kiyA aura AjJA dI ki jaba taka use phira se Adeza na diyA jAe vaha usI sthAna para DaTA rhe| isa bIca usa jahAja para Aga laga gaI aura usake pitA Aga bujhAne ke kArya meM laga gaye aura apane putra kI tainAtI ko bhUla ge| Aga phailatI gaI aura usane cAroM ora se kesAblAMkA ko ghera liyaa| vaha apane pitA kI AjJA ke liye cillAtA rahA ki vaha Aga se baca jAe lekina AjJA ke abhAva meM vaha vahAM se haTA nhiiN| phalasvarUpa vaha usa Aga meM jala mraa| usake isa cAritrika guNa kI Aja taka sarAhanA kI jAtI hai| ___ Adhunika yuga kI isa ghaTanA ko Azcarya hI mAnA gayA ki briTena ke zAhI darabAra meM jahAM nirdhArita pozAka ke binA koI AmaMtrita bhI nahIM ghusa sakatA hai, vahAM mahAtmA gAMdhI jaise alpa vastrI puruSa ko sasammAna praveza denA pdd'aa| yaha golameja sammelana kI bAta hai jo landana meM Ayojita huI thii| yaha bhI gAMdhIjI ke caritra bala kA hI camatkAra thaa| 192

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caritra nirmANa kA pAramparika pravAha evaM usakA saiddhAMtika pakSa caritra nirmANa meM prArthanA kI paramparA kA prabhAva : ___ caritra nirmANa meM prArthanA kA anupama mahattva mAnA gayA hai| prArthanA meM prArthI yadi bhayAkrAnta rahatA hai to usakI prArthanA yathArtha rUpa nahIM letI hai| prArthanA meM satsAhasa kI AvazyakatA hotI hai aura yaha satsAhasa koI bhI apanA caritra nirmANa karake hI prApta kara sakatA hai| Rgveda meM prArthanA kI gaI hai ki o ananta zakti ke svAmI!, tumhArI bhakti meM hama itane zakti sampanna ho jAte haiM ki hamAre mana meM koI bhaya nahIM rhtaa| hama isa vijetA kI pUjA karate haiM, jo avijeya hai| prasiddha dArzanika barTeDa rasela kA abhimata hai ki 'aMdhavizvAsa kA mUla kAraNa bhaya hotA hai aura yaha krUratA paidA karane vAlA hotA hai| isa kAraNa bhaya para vijaya pAnA caritra nirmANa tathA buddhi kauzala kA prAraMbha mAnA jaaegaa|' tamila kavi evaM dArzanika subrahmanyam bhAratI ne kahA hai ki 'bhaya ke daitya ko jisane parAsta kara diyA hai aura jhUTha ke nAgarAja ko mAra diyA hai, vahI vedoM ke nirdezita mArga ko prApta kara sakatA hai aura brahma jJAna taka pahuMca sakatA hai|' paigambara khalIla jibrAna kA kathana hai-'yadi tuma bhaya ko samApta karanA cAhate ho to dhyAna kara lenA ki bhaya kA sthAna usake hAthoM meM nahIM hai jo tumheM DarAtA hai balki usakA sthAna to tumhAre apane dila meM hI hotA hai|' pazcimI sAhityakAra mArkaTvena ne batAyA hai ki 'sAhasa bhaya kA pratirodhI hai, usakA vijetA hai, mAtra bhaya kA abhAva nahIM hai|' ye kathana iMgita karate haiM ki caritra nirmANa ke dvArA bhaya ko samUla naSTa kara do aura satsAhasa ke sAtha prArthanA meM nimagna hoo tAki apane jIvana ko sArthaka banAne ke liye kucha ullekhanIya kara sko| aNa zastra. AtaMkavAda aura nAnA prakAra ke bhaya se grasta Aja ke isa vizva meM pratyeka vivekavAn kI yahI AzaMkA aura utsukatA hai ki yaha caritrahInatA kA pAgalapana kaba taka calegA aura hameM patana ke kisa chora taka luDhakAegA? Aja yaha bhayAkrAntatA vAstavika hai| itanA bhaya vyApta hai to caritra nirmANa kI mahattI AvazyakatA hai aura prArthanA kI paramparA ko vyApaka paimAne para punarpratiSThita karake hI caritra kA saccA vikAsa sAdhA jA sakatA hai| prArthanA eka aisA mAdhyama hotA hai, jise jIvana meM ramA kara amiTa prabhAva utpanna kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha pratyeka yuga meM satya siddha huA hai ki prArthanA se prApta zakti vizAla parvatoM ko bhI hilA sakatI hai, parantu prArthanA kI aisI ekAgratA kI pUrI sAdhanA ke sAtha khoja karanI hogii| yaha khoja prAcIna sAdhakoM ne kI thI aura apanI prArthanA zakti kA paricaya bhI diyA thaa| bAIbila meM kahA gayA hai ki 'manuSya ko sadaiva prArthanA karate rahanA caahiye|' eka dArzanika beMjAmina phreMkalina ne to yahAM taka kaha diyA ki prArthanA itanI tallInatA se karo jaise ki tumhArI mRtyu kala hI hone vAlI hai|' yogI aravinda ke liye to prArthanA aisA ucca koTi kA kartavya hai jisakI zakti manuSya ko ananta ke sAtha saMyukta kara detI hai| paramahaMsa rAmakRSNa kA kathana hai ki 'usa parama prabhu kI prArthanA tuma kisI bhI vidhi se karo jo tumheM pasanda ho, kyoMki yaha sunizcita hai ki vaha tumhArI sunegA, vaha to eka ciUMTI ke pAMva kI AvAja bhI suna sakatA hai|' 'masjida Upara mullA pukAra, kyA sAhiba terA baharA hai, ciUMTI ke paga naivara bAje . vaha bhI sAhiba sunatA hai (saMta kbiir)|' caritra nirmANa evaM prArthanA kI paramparA kI jIvantatA ke liye isa AsthA meM sabako eka ho jAnA 193

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sucaritram cAhie ki prArthanA hI manuSya jAti ko bhaya evaM hiMsA ke mArga se haTA kara puna: AdhyAtmika unnati, sakArAtmaka kriyAzIlatA evaM jIvana ke zubha parivartana arthAt caritra gaThana kI dizA meM agragAmI banA sakatI hai| prArthI meM pahalA guNa honA cAhie ki vaha atyanta vinamra ho ki ahaMkAra kA lezamAtra na rhe| vaha apane ko eka akiMcana prANI mAne aura vizva ke sabhI prANiyoM kI hitakAmanA kre| dUsarA guNa yaha ho ki prArthI sadA jAgRta rahe, kyoMki prArthanA se hamAre vicAra aura AcAra nirantara zubhatA meM parivartita hote rahate haiN| prArthanA meM yaha jAgaraNa rahanA cAhie ki merI AtmA meM bhI sabhI paramAtma gaNa vidyamAna haiM-AvazyakatA hai apanI caritraniSThA se unheM prakaTa kara lene kii| tIsarA gaNa udAratA ka honA cAhiye ki "Atmavata "-sabhI prANiyoM ke sAtha apane ko sukhakArI lage vaisA hI vyavahAra krnaa| isameM svArtha kA saMkoca TUTatA jAnA caahie| cauthA guNa Ananda kI anubhUti meM nihita hai| prArthanA karate samaya tathA paripakvatA A jAne para sarvadA prArthI ke hRdaya meM Antarika Ananda kA pravAha bahatA rahanA caahie| samasta saMsAra kI AnandamayatA usakA dhyeya bana jAnA caahie| pAMcavAM aura antima guNa yaha hai ki prArthanA se antaHkaraNa meM dayA aura karuNA kA ananta nijhara prasphuTita honA caahie| prArthI samasta prANiyoM kA saccA sahayogI bana kara sevA hetu tatpara rhe| saccI prArthanA sampUrNa saMsAra ke kalyANa ke lie hotI hai| prArthanA eka aisA prabhAvapUrNa mAdhyama hai jo pUrI manuSya jAti ko paraspara jor3atI hai jahAM zaktizAliyoM tathA azaktoM, aparAdhiyoM aura nirdoSoM, zoSakoM aura zoSitoM sabako premapUrvaka samatAmaya banane kI sIkha detA hai| saccI prArthanA kI zakti se hI saMsAra kA rUpAntaraNa saMbhava hai| prArthanA ghRNA dvArA kiye gaye ghAvoM para pyAra kA marahama lagA kara sthAyI svAsthya pradAna karatI hai| prArthanA kI zakti ke viSaya meM madara TeresA ne kahA-'asvIkRta kI apekSA svIkRta prArthanAoM meM adhika azrapAta hotA hai aura ye Ananda ke azra hote haiN| aise hI bhAva aravinda Azrama kI zrI mAM ne bhI vyakta kiye haiM ki prArthanA ke prabhAva se zanaiH zanaiH kSitija spaSTa hotA jAtA hai, mArga sApha dikhAI dene lagatA hai aura hama mahAna ne mahatara banane kI ora sadhe kadamoM se Age bar3hate rahate haiN| sAra saMkSepa yaha hai ki caritra nirmANa ke mArga meM prArthanA kI paramparA vaha rAmabANa auSadhi hai jisake sevana se AtmA dvArA paramAtmA ke pada taka lambI chalAMga lagAyI jA sakatI hai| caritra nirmANa kA kendra hai mAnava aura use sadA kendra meM hI rakhanA cAhie. mAnavatA arthAta yaha ApakA, hamArA aura sabakA 'apanApana' kyA hai? yaha apanApana apanA hokara bhI Aja hamAre pAsa kyoM nahIM hai? kaise isa apanepana ko sabake mana meM jagAveM aura kaise mAnava ko kendra meM sthApita kareM? kinta kendra kaisA aura kisakA? phira isameM pratyeka mAnava kA karaNIya kyA hai? yaha sabako vidita hai ki mana kI vizeSatA ko dhAraNa karane se hI saMsAra kA yaha prANI mAnava kahalAyA hai, parantu samajheM ki usakA yaha mana hai kaisA? mana hai ekadama caMcala use khulA chor3a deM to udaMDa aura avaza ho jAe lekina use hI yadi anuzAsita banA le to vaha sakSama tathA karmaTha bhI bana jaae| isa taraha mana ko eka capala azva mAna lo aura samajho ki mAnava usa azva para savAra hai| agara isa azva kI lagAma nahIM hai to vaha kidhara bhI bhAge-rAha para yA bIhar3a vana meM-use rokA nahIM jA sktaa| ghoDA savAra ko na girA deM-isakI bhI koI gAraMTI nhiiN| lekina agara usake majabUta 194

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caritra nirmANa kA pAramparika pravAha evaM usakA saiddhAMtika pakSa lagAma lagI ho aura majabUta hAthoM meM usakI pakar3a ho to na ghor3A bhaTakegA aura na savAra giregaa| phira sIdhI rAha para sIdhI yAtrA ho sakegI TheTha maMjila taka / Azaya yaha ki mana hI manuSya ko bAMdhatA hai yA bandhana se chur3AtA hai apanI avasthiti anusAra / mana caMcala hai yAnI gatizIla hai so vaha to aisA hI rahegA balki aisA hI rakhA jAnA caahie| caMcalatA kA nirodha karo to vaha mara jaaegaa| pAtaMjali ne apane yogasUtra meM kahA hai ki citta vRttiyoM nirodha kA nAma yoga hai (cittavRttizcam nirodhaH yogaH ), kintu sva. AcArya nAneza ne yoga kI mArmika vyAkhyA kI hai aura vaha yaha ki yoga ke liye citta vRttiyoM kA nirodha nahIM, saMzodhana kiyA jAnA cAhiye (cittavRttizca saMzodha: yoga : ) / vAstava meM mana kI caMcalatA yAnI ki gatizIlatA kA nirodha nahIM, saMzodhana hI apekSita hai| isa caMcalatA ko anuzAsita karo Atmabala ke sAtha aura mana ko suniyojana evaM prayojana ke lakSya se saphalatA ke mArga para tIvra gati se daudd'aao| yaha hai mAnava kI mUla bAta- usake mana kI UrjA kI bAta / aba dekheM ki mAnavatA kyA hai, jo mAnava hokara bhI mAnavoM meM durlabha hotI jA rahI hai ? mAnava kA apanApana usakA mUla svabhAva hai aura yaha usakI sakriya abhivyakti bhI hotI hai| yaha mUla svabhAva hI mAnavatA ke nAma se pahacAnA jAtA hai| Aja jo kahA jAtA hai ki mAnavatA kA abhAva sA hai athavA mAnavatA ke mUlya lupta ho rahe haiM - usakA kyA artha liyA jAya? mAnavatA na rahegI to phira mAnava hI kahAM bacegA ? kintu sthUla rUpa se mAnava hai to sahI kama se kama apane zarIra se, para yadi sUkSma rUpa se usameM mAnavatA kA bhAva nahIM huA to yaha kahanA aura mAnanA sahI hai ki yathArtha mAnava ko khojane athavA mAnavoM meM unakI yathArthatA jagAne kA hI to prazna sammukha hai / yaha sthApita satya hai ki mAnava hI sampUrNa pragati kA mUla hai aura isI dRSTi se saMsAra kI sArI meM gatividhiyoM kA kendra bhI / ataH usakA mUla svabhAva hai - sampUrNa saMsAra kI paristhitiyoM ko dhyAna rakha kara gati karanA, sahabhAva aura sahakAra se pragati karanA tathA svahita se bhI Upara parahita karake prasanna honA / aise hI hote haiM mAnavatA ke mUla mUlya, jo zatAbdiyoM se saMskArita hokara paramparAoM meM Dhalate, sabhyatA evaM saMskRti meM racate - basate tathA Ane vAlI pIr3hiyoM ke caritra nirmANa ko prabhAvita karate Aye haiM / isI rUpa meM sadA jIvita rahatI hai mAnavatA aura prAbhAvika rahate haiM usake mArmika mUlya / yaha sahI hai ki kaI kAraNoM se sabhI mAnava eka sI yogyatA nahI rakhate yAnI ki AcaraNa meM eka se nahIM Dhalate / adhikAMza loga apanA mUla svabhAva chor3a kara oche svArthoM meM par3ate haiM, apane hI sAthiyoM ko utpIr3ita karate haiM aura hRdayahIna krUratA ko dhAraNa karake rAkSasa rUpa ho jAte haiN| yaha una ke caritra patana kA atireka hotA hai| tabhI mAnavatA ke lopa hone kI paristhitiyAM paidA hotI haiN| vartamAna samaya meM bahuta kucha aisA hI hai aura inhIM ko yathArtha mAnava banAne kI samasyA hai unake caritra nirmANa evaM vikAsa kI samasyA hai| isI pariprekSya meM kahA jAtA hai ki aba mAnava ko kendra meM sthApita karo- sAre saMsAra ke kendra meM, rAja- samAja ke saMcAlana ke kendra meM aura unnati ke sakala - ekala prayAsoM ke kendra meM / mAnavatA ko kendra meM rakhane kI bAta kA artha yaha hai ki kendra meM mAnava kA sUkSma zarIra ho, korA sthUla zarIra nahIM / 195

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sucaritram niSkarSa hai ki kendra meM yathArtha mAnava hI rahe-caritraniSTha tathA caritra sampanna maanv| caritra nirmANa yA dasare zabdoM meM mAnavatA ko sarvatra prabhAvI banAne ke liye tIna caraNIya naI vyavasthA sthApita karanI hogI (1) naI vyavasthA jo banAnI hai vaha mAnavatA kI honI cAhie-mAnavIya mUlyoM kI honI cAhie na ki dhana, sattA, yA anya kisI sthUla jar3a zakti kii| (2) naI vyavasthA kA uddezya mAnavatA kA unnayana ho aura mAnavatA yA caritra vikAsa ke liye hI sArI gatividhiyAM cleN| mUla meM mAnavatA ko jagAveM tathA use sthira kareM-sAre vyavahAroM kA calana isI dharAtala para ho| (3) mAnavatA kA vikAsa aura prasAra mukhya rUpa se mAnavatA ke dvArA ho yAnI ki una jAgRta yuvaka, yuvatiyoM tathA yuvA zaktiyoM ke pratinidhiyoM dvArA, jo svayaM mAnavatA kA pATha bhalI prakAra par3ha leMge aura phira sabako vaha pATha pddh'aayeNge| yahI Aja kA sabase bar3A karaNIya hai| ___ pahale yathArtha mAnava svarUpa ko samajhanA hogA, apane bhItara se samAja meM naI vyavasthA kA saMcAlana karanA hogaa| yaha saba sAtha-sAtha clegaa| dhyAna meM lene yogya tathya hai ki mAnava akelA nahIM rahatA hai, samUha meM rahatA hai aura samAja meM rahatA hai, balki hakIkata to yaha hai ki Aja sAmAjikatA kI zakti (parivAra se lekara-deza duniyA taka) vyakti ko saMcAlita kara rahI hai sarvajanahita aura sampUrNa vikAsa ke uddezya se| samAja ke vibhinna ghaTakoM ke saMbaMdhoM se mAnava vilaga nahIM ho sakatA hai| isakA kAraNa spaSTa hai ki vyakti ke sAtha-sAtha sAmudAyika zakti ko bhI jagAnA hogA-sarvatra mAnavatA ko jagAne ke liye aura vyaktivAdI udaMDatA va ucchRkhalatA ko miTAne ke liye| sAtha hI mAnavatA ko kendra meM rakhanA kabhI-bhI bhUlanA nahIM hogA kyoMki sabake bIca se jaba bhI mAnavatA ke mUlya ghaTe yA miTe to svArtha ke daitya ko punaH Ane se rokanA kaThina honaa| ata: caritra nirmANa ke abhiyAna meM ina sabhI tattvoM ko smaraNa meM rakhanA cAhiye tAki caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA meM mAnavatA kA jAgaraNa ho tathA caritra vikAsa ke krama meM mAnavatA ke mUlyoM kI sthAI sthApanA ho| caritra nirmANa kA evaM usakA phalitArtha saiddhAntika pakSa : vyakti yA samUha dvArA sampAdita hone vAlA koI bhI kArya, Ayojana Adi ho, usakA eka saiddhAntika pakSa avazya honA cAhie tathA vaha spaSTa aura mAnya honA cAhie, tabhI kAryasiddhi kI AzA kI jAnI caahie| manuSya kA choTe se choTA kArya ho yA bar3e se bar3A kArya usakA spaSTaaspaSTa kucha na kucha prayojana avazya hotA hai| jahAM prayojana kI spaSTatA Avazyaka hai vahIM usake kAraNa va pariNAma kI bhI jAnakArI honI cAhie tabhI kArya ko sampanna karane meM Avazyaka utsAha evaM sakriyatA banI rahatI hai| samajheM ki Apa pravacana sunane Ae aura Apane eka yA adhika sAmAyika kA pratyAkhyAna bhI kiyA to ApakA yaha eka dhArmika kArya huaa| yaha kyoM kiyA aura isake karane kA lAbha kyA-jaba taka isakA spaSTa jJAna nahIM hogA to pravacana meM AnA aura sAmAyika lenA eka anabUjhe va aMdhe rivAja jaisA hI ho jaaegaa| usake vAMchita lAbha ke hone kI sArI saMbhAvanA 196

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caritra nirmANa kA pAramparika pravAha evaM usakA saiddhAMtika pakSa samApta ho jAtI hai| isa dRSTi se saiddhAntika pakSa kA AdhAragata mahattva mAnA jAnA caahie| caritra nirmANa eka vyakti ke liye karaNIya kArya hai to samUha (samAja, deza, duniyA ) ke liye abhiyAna bhI ho sakatA hai yA ghane pracAra ke najariye se jana-jana kA Andolana bhI ho sakatA hai, usakA spaSTa tathA mAnya saiddhAntika pakSa avazya hai aura prAthamika rUpa se usakI jAnakArI caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA prAraMbha hone ke sAtha hI le lenI jarUrI hai| isa siddhAnta pakSa ko do koNoM se samajhA jAnA caahiye| pahalA hai ki caritra nirmANa kI AvazyakatA kyoM hai, usa kI jIvana nirmANa ke saMbaMdha mahattA kaisI hai aura kyA kAraNa hote haiM jo nirmita caritrazIlatA ko vikRta banAte haiM tathA caritra ko hInatA taka pahuMcA dete haiM? ise kAraNoM kI samIkSA aura vartamAna kI lakSya dhAraNA ke rUpa meM dekha sakate haiN| aisA karane para apanI jamIna kI pakkI jAnakArI ho jAegI ki abhiyAna kaise dharAtala khar3A kiyA jA rahA hai tathA usakI prakriyA ke prabhAvazAlI hone kI saMbhAvanA kaisI hai? saiddhAntika pakSa kA dUsarA koNa hai abhiyAna kA phalitArtha arthAt usakA pariNAma / kAraNa aura pariNAma kA jJAna jitanA paripakva hogA utanI hI paripakvatA se donoM ke bIca kI prakriyA calegI aura utanI hI mAtrA meM saphalatA hAtha laga skegii| aba caritra nirmANa ke saiddhAntika pakSa kI spaSTa carcA kara leN| sAmAnya rUpa se yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA nirantara calanI cAhie aura satata rUpa se calanI caahie| isake liye viziSTa avasara bhI hote haiM taba viziSTa abhiyAna calAne ke prazna bhI sAmane Ate haiN| jaba kabhI vyakti aura samUha ke caritra meM patana kA dauradaurA gaMbhIra rUpa le letA hai aura mAnavIya mUlyoM kA cintanIya rUpa se kSaraNa hone lagatA hai taba caritra nirmANa ke abhiyAnoM meM vizeSa utsAha tathA sakriyatA kI jarUrata hotI hai aura vaise abhiyAna bhI vizeSa taiyArI ke sAtha calAe jAne hote haiN| vartamAna samaya kucha aisA hI hai jaba vizeSa abhiyAna vizeSa saMgaThana ke sAtha calAe jAne anivArya ho gaye haiM aura isa dRSTi se inakA saiddhAntika pakSa bhI bhalI-bhAMti samajha liyA jAnA cAhiye, tAki dharAtala, mArga aura maMjila kI sApha jAnakArI ho jaae| isa saiddhAntika pakSa kA trikAla vizleSaNa isa prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| Aja ke caritra nirmANa kA atIta hai, sthAna-sthAna aura kSetra-kSetra meM caritrahInatA kA phailAva, jisake kAraNa sattA sampatti ke svArtha, sAmAjika viSamatAoM Adi se jur3e hue haiN| isakA vartamAna yaha hai ki aisI jIvanazailI kI racanA kI jAe jo caritra vikAsa ko protsAhita kre| isakA bhaviSya hai pUrNa svataMtra, sahakArI tathA samatAmaya samAja kA sarjana jo satyAdhArita ho / saMkSepa meM kaheM to Aja ke abhiyAna ke tIna caraNa ho sakate haiM jo sAtha-sAtha uTheMge tathA apane-apane stara se zubha parivartana kA cakra ghumAeMge (1) caritrahInatA kA unmUlana, (2) ahiMsaka jIvanazailI kA nirmANa tathA (3) satya se sAkSAtkAra / ahiMsaka jIvanazailI ke prAraMbha ke sAtha hI nijI va sArvajanika jIvana meM vyApta bhraSTatA kI samApti hone lagegI, svArthoM kA dAyarA saMkucita kiyA jAegA, sahakAritA ke kSetra bar3heMge pArasparika 197

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sucaritram sahayoga kA bhAva prabala banegA aura samAja meM ekatA, prema tathA samatA ke sUtra sudRr3ha hoNge| pariNAmasvarUpa caritrahInatA kA vAtAvaraNa lupta hone lagegA aura caritra nirmANa kI naI-naI saMbhAvanAoM ke dvAra khuleNge| satya ke sAkSAtkAra kA lakSya sApha hogA to vartamAna kI gatividhiyoM meM sarvatra satya kI zodha kI vRtti rahegI aura AcaraNa satyAdhArita banegA aura phalitArtha kI bAta kareM to vaha ina rUpoM meM prasphuTita hogA-naitikatA kA prasAra, AdhyAtmikatA kI anubhUti, vizvAtmakatA kA bhAva, sampUrNa mAnava jAti kI ekatA tathA samagra prANiyoM va ekala vizva ke kalyANa ke prytn| ye phalitArtha caritra vikAsa ko usakI sarvoccatA ke zikhara taka phuNcaaeNge| caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA meM viveka ke mUla mahattva kA pratipAdana karate hue muni saMtabAla jI kahate haiM-"jAgRti Ane kA artha hotA hai viveka buddhi kI prApti / buddhi to mAnava mAtra meM hotI hai kintu jaba taka buddhi kA anta:karaNa ke sAtha saMbaMdha nahIM jur3atA taba taka vaha kevala vikalpAtmaka hotI hai, nirNayAtmaka nahIM aura nirNayAtmaka buddhi ke binA pragati kI dizA spaSTa nahIM hotii| satyAsatya kA nirNaya caritra vikAsa ke bAda hI saMbhava hai, lekina nirNayAtmaka buddhi kA panapanA pahale jarUrI hai aura yahI viveka buddhi hai| viveka buddhi jAgI, dhyeya spaSTa huA tabhI samajheM ki puruSArtha sadhatA hai| yaha puruSArtha hotA hai AcaraNa vikAsa kaa| AcaraNa vikAsa ke AdhAra haiM-1. zAstra (Atmika) dRSTi, 2. mahApuruSoM ke kathana tathA 3. viveka buddhi kA upyog-pryog| ina kasauTiyoM se sAdhaka ko gujaranA hotA hai| taba apanI hI bhUmikA para apane hI caritra evaM AcaraNa ke vikAsa ko sampanna banAte hue sAdhaka suyogya siddha hotA hai (zrI AcArAMga sUtra no saMkSepa-gujarAtI-bhAga 4 pRSTha 28-29) / " caritra nirmANa kA pravAha bAdhita ho sakatA hai, avaruddha kadApi nahIM: yaha sanAtana satya hai ki caritra nirmANa kA pravAha kisI bhI yuga meM kabhI-bhI na avaruddha huA hai, na Aja avaruddha hai aura na kabhI bhaviSya meM bhI avaruddha hogaa| pravAha satata calatA rahA hai, kSINa dazA meM hI sahI Aja bhI cala rahA hai aura caritrazIla mahApuruSoM kI preraNA se nikaTa tathA sudUra bhaviSya meM bhI zubha-satvara gati se calatA rahegA jo zubhAkAMkSiyoM ko zubhatA ke patha para bar3hate rahane ko anuprANita kregaa| yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki zubhatA kI zaktiyoM kI durbalatA se aura azubhatA kI kAlI tAkatoM ke jora pakar3ane se isa pravAha meM bAdhAeM AtI rahI haiM aura Aja to ye bAdhAeM cunautI bharI hai| kintu ina bAdhAoM para vijaya pAne kA saMkalpa sarvopari rahanA cAhie aura Thosa prayatnoM se caritra nirmANa evaM vikAsa ke pAramparika pravAha ko vegapUrNa banAyA jAnA caahie| ___ pratyeka AtmA meM jaba paramAtmA banane kI zakti samAI huI hai to hama kyoM samajhate haiM ki kisI bhI mahattara kArya ke liye hama akSama aura asamartha haiN| apanI kSamatA tathA samarthatA ke AhvAna kI Aja upayukta velA hai| / 198

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vibhinna dharmagraMthoM, vAdoM - vicAroM meM caritra nirmANa kI avadhAraNAe~ 15

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vibhinna dharmagraMthoM, vAdoM-vicAroM meM caritra nirmANa kI avadhAraNAe~ sAhitya meM samAyA vizva kA saMrakSaNa va saMvardhana do bhAI the| eka raMgarailiyoM meM masta rahane vAlA bhogI, jo "vezyAoM ke koThoM para jAtA, una ke surIle gAne sunatA, thirakate hue nAca dekhatA aura mastI mAra kara ghara lautttaa| dUsarA bhAI tyAgI, jo nitya saMtoM ke pravacana meM jAtA, dhArmika kriyAeM karatA aura santa darzana va saMta sevA karake prasanna hotaa| yoM ye do bhAI hue bhogI aura tyaagii| pratidina donoM ghara se sAtha-sAtha hI nikalate aura apaneapane ThikAne para pahuMca jaate| donoM bhAiyoM ke liye eka dina ati vicitra bana kara aayaa| sadA kI bhAMti donoM apane-apane ThikAne para pahuMca gaye aura kAryakrama meM sammilita hue| kyA saMyoga milA ki eka sAtha donoM ke Antarika bhAvoM meM uthala-puthala maca gii| bhAvanAoM kA aisA tUphAna unake mana-mAnasa meM uThA ki unakA bAhya to bAhya hI rahA, kintu AntarikatA pUrva se pazcima aura pazcima se pUrva hone lgii| jo una donoM ne kabhI socA bhI nahIM hogA, vaise parivartana se donoM ke anta:karaNa Andolita ho uThe aura antata: vaha parivartana apane antima chora taka pahuMca bhI gyaa| bar3A bhAI pahuMcA thA vezyA ke koThe para, hamezA kI 199

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sucaritram taraha gAnA aura nAca calA rahA thA, lekina Aja ke nAca-gAne ne usake mana ko tanika bhI AkarSita nahIM kiyaa| nAca-gAne ke raMgAraMga meM hamezA se koI kamI nahIM thI, para bar3e bhAI kA to mana hI badalatA jA rahA thaa| usane gAne vAlI aura nAcane vAlI kI sundara mukhAkRti kI tarapha AMkha bhI nahIM uThAI to dAda dene kA maukA hI nahIM AyA, aura na hI rupaye luTAne kaa| usakA zarIra jarUra roja vAle gAdI takiyoM para baiThA huA thA, para usakA mana to cintana kI gaharAI meM DUbatA jA rahA thaa| usa kI bhAvadhArA cala rahI thI-kitanA nIca aura adhama hU~ maiM? anamola jIvana ko vAsanAoM ke daladala meM phaMsA kara naSTa kara rahA huuN| jaba mRtyukAla AegA taba kaisA hogA merA lAbha-hAni kA talapaTa? pAsa kI sArI pUMjI gaMvA kara korA kaMgAla nahIM raha jAUMgA maiM? abhI to samaya hai-mujhe ceta jAnA cAhiecAhie kyA, basa maiM ceta hI jAUM abhI isI kSaNa aura pazcAttApa karUM apanI bhogavAdI vRttiyoM tathA pravRttiyoM para aura tatkAla apane antaHkaraNa ke sAre maila ko dho lUM aura use sajAlUM caritraniSThA kI dhavala ujjvalatA se. AtmAnazAsana ke Avega se aura saMyama kI sAdhanA se...| usakI AtmA caritrahInatA se caritrazIlatA kI ora. asadAcAra se sadAcAra kI ora, asatya se satya kI ora tathA aMdhakAra se prakAza kI ora bhAgI jA rahI thI, apUrva umaMga aura utsAha ke saath| dUsarI ora saMta jana ke pravacana meM baiThA choTA bhAI bhI Antarika bhAvoM ke alaga prakAra ke tUphAna meM burI taraha phaMsatA jA rahA thaa| pravacana cala rahA thA parantu saMtoM ke zrI mukha se pravAhita ho rahI pavitra vANI kA eka bhI zabda usake kAna grahaNa nahIM kara rahe the| usakI AMkhoM ke sAmane saMta virAjamAna the, para ve unako dekha hI nahIM rahI thiiN| usakA mana-mAnasa ulajha rahA thA eka ajIba se badalAva ke jAla meN| usakA bAhya zarIra avazya dharma sthAna meM baiThA thA parantu usakI AntarikatA badalAva ke usa jAla meM itanI tejI se adhikAdhika ulajhatI jA rahI thI jaise ki zAyada hI usa jAla se kabhI usakA chuTakArA ho| vaha pAgala banA sA soca rahA thA-merA bar3A bhAI kitanA khuzakismata hai jo jindagI ke maje lUTa rahA hai aura maiM parama mUrkha hI sAbita huA huuN| kyA pAyA hai Aja taka ina ubAU pravacanoM ko suna kara yAnI ki tathAkathita santoM kI sevA karake? apane yauvana ke amUlya kSaNoM ko maiM barAbara kho rahA hU~-kyA merI javAnI phira se lauTa sakegI? aba to saMbhala hI jAU~-bAkI bacI javAnI kA bharapUra majA le luuN| yahAM se uThate hI sIdhA usI vezyA ke koThe para jAU~gA, jahAM bar3e bhAI jAte haiM aura maiM bhI unake sAtha apanI jindagI ko raMgareliyoM meM sarobAra kara dUMgA...vaha zarIra se kahA~ thA aura mana se kahA~ jA pahuMcA aura kyA-kyA bhoga bhogane lagA? __kaisI viDambanA ghaTita ho rahI thI ki bhogI bhAI sampUrNa rUpa se tyAgI ho rahA thA vezyA ke koThe para aura tyAgI bhAI surA-sundarI ke moha meM gaharA dhaMsatA jA rahA thA pravacana meM baiThA huaa| koI bhI Azcarya meM DUbe binA nahIM raha sakatA ki bAhya vaisA kA vaisA lekina antara meM ho gayA mAmUlI badalAva nahIM balki AmUlacUla privrtn| bhItara hI bhItara bhAva yuddha calatA rahA aura donoM ke viparIta pariNAma paidA hue| bhAva yuddha kA virodhAbhAsa bhAva pravAha ke kaise svarUpa kI ora saMketa karatA hai? yaha saba vizleSaNa ke yogya hai| __ bhAvoM ke pravAha kA atulanIya mahattva hotA hai jo varSoM kA kAma paloM meM pUrA kara detA hai, cAhe vaha 200

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vibhinna dharmagraMthoM, vAdoM-vicAroM meM caritra nirmANa kI avadhAraNAe~ patana se utthAna kI taraha bahA ho athavA utthAna se patana kI or| jisa parirvatana ko lAne meM bAhya pravRttiyoM ko lambA samaya laga jAtA hai, vahI parivartana bhAva pravAha yadi AntarikatA meM prabalatA se bahe to kucha hI kSaNoM meM A jAtA hai| aba prazna uThatA hai utkRSTatA aura nikRSTatA kA aura yahIM para prazna AtA hai mAnava ke mana kA tathA usake caritragaThana kaa| caritra sadhA huA hai to usake dvArA mAnava usa prabala bhAva dhArA ko asad se sad aura azubha se zubha kI ora mor3a legA tathA unnati kI U~cAiyAM dekhate-dekhate prApta kara legaa| kintu vaisI prabala bhAva dhArA jo caritrahIna ke mana meM bahI to vahIM use patana ke gahare garta meM girA degii| isameM mukhya hai caritra nirmANa kI bAta, jo pahale antaHkaraNa ko badalatA hai, phira bAhya usake anurUpa DhalatA hai| tatpazcAt caritra vikAsa ke krama meM caritragaThana dRr3hatara hotA jAtA hai aura patana kI sArI saMbhAvanAoM ko samApta kara detA hai| isa kAraNa sirpha bAhara ko dekhakara nirNaya nikAla lenA sahI nahIM hotA, balki zuddha AntarikatA bhI yadi sudRr3ha caritra se kasI nahIM gaI hai to vaha bhI patana kI ora jA sakatI hai| caritra nirmANa hI vaha kasauTI hai jisa para mAnava ke bAhya aura antara kI zubhatA yA azubhatA kI parakha kI jA sakatI hai tathA tadanusAra caritragaThana evaM vikAsa kA sahI nirdhAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| vibhinna dharmagraMthoM yA vAdoM-vicAroM meM caritra nirmANa ke lakSya para sahamati ho sakatI hai lekina AcaraNa vidhiyoM kI sArthakatA ke anusAra hI lakSya siddhi prApta hotI hai| manuSya jAti kI ekatA para sthita hai caritra nirmANa kI mUla avadhAraNA : ___ jaba mahAvIra ne yaha ghoSaNA ki kI sampUrNa manuSya jAti eka (ekarUpa) hai (egA maNussa jAI-AcArAMga niyukti, gAthA-19), taba vyaktivAdI dRSTikoNa hI cAroM ora chAyA huA thAsAmAjikatA kI kalpanA bhI bahuta dUra thii| ukta ghoSaNA se pahalI bAra isa vicAra ko janma milA ki eka manuSya aura pUrI manuSya jAti kI zaktiyoM ke bIca antara AMkanA cAhie aura yaha parakhanA cAhie ki sAmAjikatA se vizva ko kisa prakAra lAbhAnvita kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha eka prakAra se sAmAjikatA ko protsAhita karane kA saMketa thA ki pUrI manuSya jAti kI ekatA kA artha hai sampUrNa saMsAra kI ektaa| isake sAtha hI upajA caritra nirmANa kA vicAra kyoMki adhikatama samparka kI sthiti meM vyakti tathA samUha kA vyavahAra zubha, zuddha aura sahayogI honA cAhie aura aise vyavahAra ko sthAI rUpa se vikasita banAye rakhane ke liye Avazyaka mAnA gayA ki saba ora cAritrika guNoM ke AcaraNa ko puSTa banAyA jaae| kama samparka kI avasthA meM athavA samparka ke abhAva meM caritra gaThana kI mahattA utanI spaSTa nahIM hotI, jitanI vizva stara ke samparka kI dazA meN| vyApaka samparka evaM unheM madhura banAye rakhane ke liye to caritra nirmANa anivArya hai balki vaha samparka sabake liye hitaiSitA, sahakAritA evaM samatA kA vAhaka bane, usa uddezya ke liye to caritra kA zreSThatama vikAsa bhI apekSita hotA hai| manuSya jAti kI ekatA ke saMdarbha meM hI yaha kahA gayA ki caritra kA prathama evaM antima lakSya samabhAva hI honA cAhie (cAritraM samabhAvo-paMcAstikAya 107), jo saMsAra ko sneha ke sUtra meM bAMdhe rakha ske| jitane cAritrika guNa haiM aura unakA jo uccatama vikAsa huA hai, usake pIche 'vasudhaiva 201

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sucaritram 202 kuTumbakam' kA udAra bhAva hI rahA huA hai, kyoMki yaha bhAva hArdika udAratA kA anyatama lakSya hai| Apa apane Apa ko gauNa rakho aura pArivArika hita ko Upara rakho to vaisA vyavahAra sarAhanIya mAnA jAtA hai| usI prakAra sAmAjika hita ko varIyatA dI jAe, usase bhI Upara rASTrIyatA kI vizAlatA apanAI jAe tathA sarvopari samasta manuSya jAti ko AtmIyatA kI bhAvanA se vibhUSita kiyA jAe to usa sarAhanA kI kyA koI sImA ho sakatI hai? saMkucita dAyaroM meM na baMdhate hue adhika se adhika bar3e dAyaroM meM apane vyaktitva ko prasArita karanA tathA saMsAra ke samasta prANiyoM meM vairabhAva ko tyAga kara apanI maitrI kA AropaNa karanA ( mittI me savva bhUesa veraM majjhaM na keNai ) caritra vikAsa kA sarvocca bindu bana jAtA hai aura vahI samabhAva ke rUpa meM vyakta hotA hai| isa vizleSaNa se spaSTa hotA hai ki 'yaha merA hai aura yaha terA hai' aisA mAnanA choTe yA oche dila vAloM kA hotA hai-udAra caritra vAle to sadA pUrI pRthvI ko eka parivAra aura apanA parivAra mAna kara hI calate haiN| vizva ekatA tathA caritra zreSThatA- donoM eka hI sikke ke do pahalU haiM / isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki caritra kI mUla avadhAraNA hI manuSya jAti kI ekatA para sthita hai| caritra kA zreSThatama vikAsa hogA tabhI vizvAtmakatA kA bhAva bhI saphala bnegaa| vizvAtmakatA athavA eka manuSya jAti kA bhAva tabhI vikAsa pA sakatA hai jaba isa bIca meM Ane vAle choTe aura bar3e sabhI bhedabhAvoM ko bhulAyA jAe tathA saMkucita dAyaroM ko tor3akara ekarUpatA ko sarvAdhika mahattva diyA jaae| saca yaha hai ki sabhI dAyare apane-apane sthAna taka sImita rakhe jAe to unase hita hI sadhegAkisI kA ahita nahIM hogaa| ve ahitakArI aura vinAzakArI taba taka hote haiM jaba usa dAyare ko hI pUrA dAyarA mAna kara usake sAtha apanI kaTTaratA kA haTha sakhtI se bAMdha diyA jAtA hai| parivAra kA dAyarA acchA hai - choTA ghaTaka hai jo saMyukta raha kara sabhI sadasyoM kA hita sAdhatA hai lekina koI kaTTara bana jAe ki usakA parivAra hI UMcA aura acchA hai, isa kAraNa anya parivAroM ke sAtha samAna saMbaMdha banAnA apamAnajanaka hai to vaha kaTTaratA parivAra aura samAja ke liye ghAtaka bana jAtI hai| aisA hI hAla sampradAya, varga, bhASA, pradeza yA jAti Adi kI kaTTaratA kA bhI hotA hai| abhI jo rASTrabhakti ke nAma se uttejanA phailAI jAtI hai ki hamArA rASTra hI gauravamaya hai aura anya rASTra usake samakakSa nahIM athavA anya rASTroM ke sAtha bhedabhAva Avazyaka hai to yaha kaTTaratA bhI anya prakAra kI kaTTaratAoM ke samAna hI jaghanya hai| cUMki abhI taka vizvAtmakatA ke bhAva kA samucita vikAsa nahIM huA hai ataH rASTravAda ko ati mahattva diyA jAtA hai- yaha jAna kara bhI ki isa atireka ne kaI adhinAyakoM ko janma diyA tathA nAjIvAda, phAsIvAda jaise mAnavatA virodhI taMtroM kA zAsana claa| aba samaya A gayA hai ki pradezavAda kI taraha rASTravAda ko bhI ucita sthAna diyA jAe aura mAnavavAda kI AtmIyatA saba meM vikasita kI jaae| mAnava jAti kI ekatA kI bhAvanA ke sAtha mAnava caritra kA jo divya svarUpa ubhara kara AegA, vaha eka ora mAnavIya vyaktitva kA udArIkaraNa karegA to dUsarI ora, sAMsArika sAmAjikatA ko samatA sUtra se Abaddha kara degA / dharma aura samAja kI parasparatA tathA caritra gaThana para bala : vizva kI sAmAjikatA ke saMrakSaNa tathA saMvardhana ke liye hI mAnava meM karttavya buddhi evaM karttavya

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vibhinna dharmagraMthoM, vAdoM-vicAroM meM caritra nirmANa kI avadhAraNAe~ bhAvanA donoM kA uttama vikAsa apekSita hai tathA isa vikAsa kA prAyojaka evaM sAdhaka hai dhrm| yaha kisI nAmacIna dharma kI bAta nahIM hai-yahAM dharma pradhAna rUpa se kartavyoM kA paMja hai| dharma ke prasAra tathA vistAra kA AdhAra hotA hai caritra, jisake guNa eka ora dharma ko dhRtiyogya banAte haiM to dUsarI ora mAnava ko pUrI mAnava jAti ke prati uttrdaayii| jahAM taka samAja kA prazna hai isa zabda kA prayoga sampUrNa mAnava samAja ke liye kiyA jAnA caahie| yoM dharma aura samAja paraspara jur3ate haiM-mAnava vyaktitva se tathA mAnavIya mUlyoM se-jinakA janaka hotA hai mAnavIya critr| samajhie ki eka mAnava ho athavA sampUrNa mAnava jAti-isake uccatama vikAsa kI nIMva kA patthara hai-mAnava kA critr| isase caritra nirmANa kI anivAryatA samajhI jA sakatI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki sabhI kSetroM meM caritragaThana para sarvAdhika bala diyA jAtA hai| - parivartanazIla paristhitiyAM sadaiva mAnava samAja ke liye cunautI ke rUpa meM sAmane AtI haiM aura unakA sAmanA karane ke liye jo prayatna kiye jAte haiM tathA kaSTa uThAye jAte haiM, unase sabhyatAoM kA janma evaM vikAsa hotA hai| prANI dvArA apane Apako paristhitiyoM ke anukUla DhAlane ke anavarata prayatna kA nAma hai jiivn| anurUpa DhAla lene se pragati hotI hai aura na DhAla pAne para vinAza / pragati yA unnati ko bhautika yA takanikI dRSTi se nahIM nApA jA sakatA hai| yaha aMkana AtmA ke saMsAra meM sRjanAtmaka prayatnoM kI dRSTi se hI hotA hai| inheM sRjanAtmaka prayatna kaha sakate haiM-AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ke prati Adara, satya evaM saundarya ke prati prema, dharma parAyaNatA, nyAya, dayA, pIr3itoM ke prati sahAnubhUti aura manuSya mAtra ke bhrAtRtva meM vikaas| ina guNoM ke puMja ko cAhe caritra kahie yA dharma-eka hI bAta hai, balki Aja inhIM guNoM ko vyApaka rUpa se sampAdita karake apanI gauravazAlI sabhyatA tathA saMskRti ko Adhunika sabhyatA ke sAtha rUpAntarita karake saMrakSita banA sakate haiN| pratyeka sabhyatA kisI na kisI dharma kI abhivyakti hotI hai, kyoMki dharma mAnavatA ke parama mUlyoM meM vizvAsa tathA una mUlyoM ko upalabdha karAne ke liye jIvana kI eka paddhati kA pratIka hotA hai| yadi hameM yaha vizvAsa na ho ki ve mUlya jo kisI sabhyatA meM nihita haiM-parama haiM to usa sabhyatA ke niyama nirjIva akSara bana jAeMge aura usa kI saMsthAeM naSTa ho jaaegii| dhArmika vizvAsa hamAre mana meM kisI jIvana paddhati para DaTe rahane ke liye utsAha bharatA hai aura yadi usa vizvAsa kA hAsa hone laga jAe to dharma ke prati AjJApAlana ghaTa kara mAtra Adara raha jAtA hai| isI kAraNa jo Agamokti hai 'ANAe dhammo' athavA AjJA meM dharma hai ke prati bAda meM Adara bhI samApta ho jAtA hai| nirmUla dharma nirapekSatA athavA manuSya aura rAjya kI pUjA jisameM dhArmika bhAvanA kA halkA sA puTa de diyA gayA hai, Adhunika yuga kA dharma hai| dharma kA AdhAra mAnava ke sArabhUta mUlya tathA gaurava kA udghATana aura vAstavikatA ke uccatara saMsAra ke sAtha mAnava kA saMbaMdha hai| ise dharma vijJAna (thiyolojI) kahanA ucita nahIM, balki ise dharma kA vyavahAra evaM anuzAsana kahanA hogaa| dharma AtmA kI pIr3A ko dUra karane vAlI eka mAtra auSadhi hai| jaba mAnava dharma ke srotoM aura zartoM kI avajJA karatA hai taba vaha unmatta, AtmaghAtI tathA caritrahIna ho jAtA hai| mAnava aura samAja ke bIca lupta ho gae saMbaMdha ko punaH sthApita karanA hI dharma kA lakSya honA caahie| saca pUche to dharma kA sAra 203

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sucaritram una dharma siddhAntoM, dhArmika matoM, vidhiyoM aura saMskAroM meM nahIM hai jinase hama meM se anekoM ko virakti hotI hai, apitu yugoM kI gaMbhIratama buddhimattA meM, anavarata tattvajJAna meM, sanAtana mUlyoM meM dharma kA sAra hai, jo Adhunika vicAra kI kiMkartavyavimUr3hatA aura Adhunika astavyastatA meM hamArA ekamAtra patha pradarzaka hai| vibhinna dharma satya kA pratinidhitva nahIM karate balki satya ke una vibhinna pakSoM aura dhAraNAoM kA pratinidhitva karate haiM jinameM ki loga vizvAsa kara rahe haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki caritra nirmANa ke saMbaMdha meM sabhI dharmoM kI sahamati hone ke uparAnta bhI caritra nirmANa evaM vikAsa kI unakI prakriyAoM meM ekarUpatA nahIM hai| ataH caritra nirmANa kI rUparekhA ko sarvasammata banAne kA yatna kiyA jAnA caahiye| dharma aura samAja kI parasparatA kA nirvAha samyak caritra ke AdhAra para hI saMbhava hai| vibhinna dharma graMthoM meM varNita hai utkRSTa cAritrika guNa : ise bhAratIya AdhyAtmika aura sAMskRtika paramparA kA prabhAva kahie ki pratyeka paurvAtya dharma ke graMthoM meM cAritrika guNoM kA vizad varNana hI nahIM milatA hai, balki saba dharmoM ne caritra nirmANa ko prAthamikatA bhI dI hai| kintu isakA yaha artha nahIM ki pAzcAtya athavA anya dharma graMthoM meM caritra nirmANa ko pramukhatA nahIM dI gaI hai| sabhI dharmoM tathA darzanoM ne cAritrika guNoM kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai tathA unheM jIvana meM apanAne para bhI bala diyA hai| ___ DaoN. ainIbisenTa ne saMsAra ke dharmoM meM sAta ko pramukha mAnA hai (graMtha-sevana greTa rilIjansa), jinake nAma haiM-hindU dharma, pArasI dharma, jaina dharma, bauddha dharma, IsAI dharma, islAma dharma tathA sikha dhrm| caritra nirmANa ke saMdarbha meM ina dharmoM ke graMthoM meM pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se jo ullekha Aye haiM, unheM yahAM sAra rUpa meM aMkita kiyA jA rahA hai| 1. caritra sampannatA ke liye icchAoM kA tyAga : hindU dharma meM jIvana kA antima lakSya Izvaratva ___ meM vilIna honA kahA hai aura usake liye caritra sampannatA ke nita nirantara bar3hate hue caraNa caahie| isake liye mana meM satata rUpa se uThane vAlI icchAoM kA tyAga karate rahanA caahie| tyAga-balidAna kA krama hI barAbara calate rahane se paramAtma bhAvoM kI jAgRti hotI hai| bauddhika evaM bhAvanAtmaka rUpa se jaba caritra gaThita hotA hai taba jIvana meM AdhyAtmika satya prakaTa hotA hai (muNddkopnissd)| apane caritrabala se Izvara ko samajha lo- usakI racanAtmakatA ko samajha lo to saMsAra kA saba kucha darpaNavat spaSTa ho jAtA hai (vRhdaarnnykopnissd)| taba vaha dvaita se advaita ho jAtA hai-maiM (aham) kA cAra caraNoM meM rUpAntaraNa hotA hai-(a) maiM tumhArA hU~, (ba) tuma tumhAre ho, (sa) maiM tumhArA bhakta hU~ tathA (da) maiM 'vaha' (Izvara) huuN| usa AtmA ko trimUrti svarUpa milatA hai-(a) sat (Astitva-egjiseTensa),(ba) cit (zivadaivika-DivAina), (sa) Ananda (brahmA, viSNu vrdaanblis)| antima lakSya ko caritrAdhArita mAnA gayA hai| 2. pratyeka kArya kI pavitratA Avazyaka : pArasI dharma (jorestriyanijma) meM isa siddhAnta para bala diyA gayA hai ki pratyeka kArya meM pavitratA kA honA Avazyaka hai jo caritra nirmANa se prApta hotI hai| yaha pavitratA vyavahAra meM utaranI cAhie jo nijI yA sArvajanika sabhI kAryoM meM dikhAI de| 204

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vibhinna dharmagraMthoM, vAdoM-vicAroM meM caritra nirmANa kI avadhAraNAe~ pradhAna dharma graMtha 'avestA' meM sAta siddhAntoM kA ullekha hai-1. zuddha va spaSTa mana-mAnasa (vAhumAna), 2. ucca koTi kI pavitratA (AsA bahistA), 3. zakti sampAdana (kSatrAvara), 4.prema (speMDAra), 5.svAsthya (horavatA).6. amaratA (amereteDa).7.pratIka agni| caritra nirmANa evaM vikAsa kI avasthA meM ina siddhAntoM kA AcaraNa zakya banatA hai| dharma kA mUlAdhAra antarbAhya pavitratA ko mAnA gayA hai| agni isakA pratIka hai| 3. caritra hI dharma hai (caritto dhammo) : jaina dharma ne sarvAdhika bala samyak cAritra (rAiTa kaMDaksa) para diyA hai| samyag jJAna (rAiTa noleja) tathA samyag darzana (rAiTa phetha) kA sampAdana samyak cAritra kI sAdhanA se pUrva ho jAnA caahie| sarva bandhana mukti ke liye isa sAdhanA ko 'ratna traya' kA nAma diyA gayA hai-sahI karo ke sAtha sahI jAno aura sahI maano| jaina dharma kI samasta zikSAoM kA sAra yadi eka vAkya meM batAnA ho to vaha hogA ki jJAnI hone kA sAra yahI hai-kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA na kareM-ahiMsAmUlaka samatA hI dharma kA sAra hai-basa itanI sI bAta sadA dhyAna meM rakhanI cAhiye (eyaM khu nANiNo sAraM, jaM na hiMsai kiMcaNaH ahiMsA samayaM ceva etAvaMtaM viyANiyA-sUtra kRtAMga 1-1-4-10) / isa prakAra jaina dharma kA mUla lakSya hai zAnti jise sthAna denA hai mAnava aura mAnava ke bIca. mAnava aura pratyeka prANI ke bIca tathA srvtr| itanA hI nahIM, sarvajIva bhUta Adi ke sAtha pUrNa sauhArdra bhI sthApita kiyA jAnA caahie| AcArAMga sUtra meM aisI sughar3a AcAra vidhi kA ullekha hai, jo advitIya hai| isa prakAra mukti kA mUlAdhAra caritra nirmANa evaM usake uccatama vikAsa ko mAnA gayA hai| 4. caritrahInatA ko protsAhita karate haiM ye mukhya durguNa : bauddha dharma meM cAra Arya satya-1. janma se, roga se, mRtyu se, ghRNA yogya vastuoM ke sAtha se tathA priyakArI vastuoM ke vilaga hone se utpanna hone vAle duHkha-kaSTa, 2. unakI maujUdagI (duHkha samudaya) tathA 3. unakA anta (duHkha nirodha) va 4. pratipatti ko pramukhatA milI hai| kaSToM ke kAraNoM kA ullekha hai-1. avidyA-ajJAna, 2. saMskAra, 3. cetanA, 4. nAma va rUpa, 5. chaH dRSTi zakti, 6. saMsarga, 7. romAMca, 8. icchA tathA 9. rAga, jo durguNa caritrahInatA ke pratIka haiM / zAnti aura sambodhi pAne kI dRSTi se aSTa mArga sujhAyA gayA hai-1. sahI AsthA (phretha), 2. sahI mahattvAkAMkSA (espirezana), 3. sahI vANI (spIca),4. sahI caritra (kaMDakTa), 5. sahI nirvAha (lAivlIhuDa), 6. sahI upakrama (eMDekTa),7. sahI smRti (memorI) tathA 8. sahI dhyAna (meddiitteshn)| eka nizcita AcaraNa vidhi kA bhI nirdhAraNa huA hai jo sAta kakSAoM (sevina klAsesa) ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| pramukha bauddha graMtha 'dhammapada' kA kathana haiyaha kevala Aja kI hI bAta nahIM, purAnA rivAja hai ki ve una logoM para doSAropaNa karate haiM, jo zAnta rahate haiM, ve una logoM para bhI doSAropaNa karate haiM jo bahuta bolate haiM aura ve una logoM para bhI doSAropaNa karate haiM jo nape tula zabdoM meM bolate haiN| saMsAra meM koI nahIM hai jo doSAropita nahIM kiyA jAtA ho| aisA vyakti bhI kabhI na thA, na hogA aura na abhI hai jo pUrI taraha se doSAropita ho| athavA pUrI taraha se prshNsit| parantu dina pratidina nirIkSaNa karane ke bAda buddhimAna usa vyakti kI sarAhanA karate haiM jisakA caritra niSkalaMka hai, kuzala hai tathA jJAna va guNoM se sampanna hai| ... 205

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sucaritram 5. caritra nirmANa va naitikatA para sampUrNa bala : IsAI dharma (krizcieniTI) meM adhikAMza sAhitya caritra va naitikatA se saMbaMdhita hai, jaise ki gospelsa oNva merI, oNva pITara, oNva jemsa aadi| pradhAna graMtha bAibila hai, jisameM purAne va naye TesTAmenTsa kA ullekha hai| mahAtmA IsA kI mukhya zikSAeM-1. paramAtma taMtra (kiMgaDama oNpha gaoNDa) ke rahasyoM kA jJAna karo, 2. apanI pavitratA ko caritrahInoM se kucalane na do, na hI apane motiyoM ko duSToM ke pAMvoM tale rauMdane do, 3. vidvAnoM ke bIca meM buddhimAnI kI bAta karo, sAmAnya logoM ke bIca nahIM, 4. paramAtmA kA AzIrvAda unheM milatA hai jo hRdaya se pavitra tathA caritra se zuddha hote haiM-unheM hI paramAtma-darzana hotA hai, 5. jo aurata ko vAsanA kI najara se dekhatA hai samajheM ki usane dila se durAcaraNa kara liyA, 6. apane duzmanoM se bhI pyAra karo, zrApa dene vAloM ko varadAna do, napharata karane vAloM kA bhI bhalA karo, 7. eka dhanika kA svarga meM praveza utanA hI kaThina hai jitanA ki suI ke cheda meM se UMTa kA nikala jAnA aadi| sacce IsAI kA caritra batAyA gayA hai-jo roja dikhAI dene vAle apane bhAI ko pyAra nahIM karatA, vaha bhalA adRzya paramAtmA se kaise pyAra kara sakatA hai? (Tena kmaaNddmens)| 6. vyakti kA pahalA karttavya hai sadAcAra : islAma ke paigambara mohammada sAhaba ne pramukha dharma graMtha 'ala kurAna' meM vyakti kA mukhya kartavya batAyA hai sadAcAra aura usakI vyAkhyA kahI gaI hai ki vyakti caritrazIla puruSoM va mahilAoM ke sAtha samAnatA kA vyavahAra kare, mAtA pitA ke prati bartAva meM komalatA rakhe tathA gulAmoM ke sAtha udAra vyavahAra kre| kurAna meM aMkita pramukha AcaraNa bindu-1. dharma ke kAmoM meM kabhI-bhI hiMsA na ho, 2. kAphira vaha nahIM jo gaira muslima hai, balki vaha jo anyAyapUrNa bure kAma karatA hai, 3. Apasa meM bhAiyoM kI taraha pyAra karanA sIkho, dveSI va kaTTara kI taraha kisI se napharata na karo, 4. allAha eka hai, use saMsAra kA zAsaka mAno, 7. allAha ke paigambaroM meM bharosA rakho-pratyeka paigambara allAha kA paigAma lAtA hai, 6. islAma kA matalaba hai allAha kI marjI ke Age hara hAla meM sira jhukaanaa| anya dharmoM kI taraha islAma meM bhI zekha (guru) aura murIda (ziSya) ke vArtAlApoM kA ullekha hai| jaise hindU dharma meM 'so'm' zabda hai, vaisA hI islAma meM hai-'ana-ula-haka' arthAta maiM hI paramAtmA huuN| isI taraha tuma paramAtmA ho kA hindU dharma meM 'tat tvamasi' aura islAma dharma meM 'haka-tU-AI' vAkyAMza hai| 7. caritraniSThA evaM vIrocita caritra kA Andolana : guru nAnaka (1469-1539 IsvI) dvArA pravartita sikha dharma kA pramukha graMtha hai guru graMtha saahb| inake bAda nau guru aura hue jinake netRtva meM caritraniSThA ke sAtha vIrocita caritra nirmANa kA satata rUpa se Andolana calatA rhaa| mukhya zikSAeM haiM-paramAtmA ke sevaka bano jo eka hai, avibhAjya hai, svayaM bhU hai, avijeya hai, sarvatra vyApta hai| vAdoM-vicAroM meM caritra nirmANa ke prazna sulajhe bhI, ulajhe bhI : saMsAra meM caritra nirmANa ke prayatna sadA se navodghATita vAdoM tathA vicArakoM ke vicAroM ke mAdhyama se bhI hote rahe haiN| vAda ko pUrva nizcita vicAradhArA kahA jA sakatA hai| rAjataMtroM ke patana ke bAda sarvocca sattA meM sabameM phailAva kI vicArAdhArAoM para jora pkdd'aa| eka ora udAravAdI vicAradhArA 206

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vibhinna dharmagraMthoM, vAdoM-vicAroM meM caritra nirmANa kI avadhAraNAe~ lokataMtra ke rUpa meM prakaTa huI to sAmAjika viSamatAoM ke prati kar3A rUkha apanAne vAloM kI ora se samAjavAda tathA sAmyavAda (mAsijma) kI vicAradhArAeM sAmane aaii| lokataMtra kA uddezya rahA ki pratyeka nAgarika ko samAna adhikAra aura avasara mile tathA sabake caritra kA nirmANa ho| caritra kA nirmANa vAmapaMthI vicAradhArAoM kA bhI uddezya rahA, kintu unakA saMbaMdha caritra ko koI mahattva milA, na hI dhArmikatA-AdhyAtmikatA ko| pariNAma svarUpa bhautika vikAsa to huA kintu mAnavIya caritra kA vikAsa upekSita rhaa| isa sthiti meM jina-jina dezoM meM sAmyavAdI zAsana vyavasthA kAyama huI, vahAMvahAM ke zAsakoM ne adhikAroM ke kendrIkaraNa ke kAraNa tAnAzAhI rukha apanA liyA aura Antarika caritra ke abhAva meM saMgharSa se ve bhogavAda para utara aae| yahI sAmyavAda ke patana kA pradhAna kAraNa bnaa| parantu Adhunika yuga meM bhArata meM aMgrejoM kI dAsatA ke viruddha jo svataMtratA-saMgharSa calA, usameM mahAtmA gAMdhI ke netRtva meM bhAratIya jana-jana meM caritraniSThA kI aisI lahara phailI jise caritra nirmANa ke rASTrIya Andolana ke rUpa meM prabhAvakArI mAnI jA sakatI hai| ina do viparIta udAharaNoM se kahA jA sakatA hai ki Adhunika yuga meM jahAM naye vAdoM, vicAroM aura AndolanoM se caritra nirmANa ke kaI prazna sulajhe bhI ki sadiyoM se gulAmI kI nIMda meM soyA apane caritra ko bhUlA bhAratIya sajaga huA aura naI caritraniSThA se jur3A, vahI sAmyavAda se prabhAvita dezoM meM yathArtha caritra kA prazna adhika ulajha gayA aura sAmyavAda ke patana ke bAda bhraSTAcAra kA dauradaurA phaila gayA-mArksa kA darzana aura lenina kA kriyAnvaya, donoM ne eka bAra to viphalatA kI cAdara or3ha lii| ___ caritra nirmANa ke saMbaMdha meM yahAM kucha vicArakoM ke vicAra isa prayojana se uddhRta kiye jA rahe haiM ki jo caritra nirmANa ke naye abhiyAna meM naI preraNA kA saMcAra kara ske| 1. kise kaheM caritra? (mahAtmA gAMdhI): caritra ke binA zikSA kaisI aura vaha caritra kaisA jisameM prAraMbhika nijI pavitratA kA bhI abhAva ho? caritra kI zuddhi aura mukti hRdaya kI pavitratA para AdhArita hotI hai| eka caritrazIla vyakti apane Apako kisI bhI pradatta dAyitva vahana ke lie yogya banA letA hai| caritra nirmANa kA artha hai jIvana ko guNa sampanna AcaraNa meM racA-basA lenA (kerekTara zabda kA vizleSaNa-gloriyasa thaoNTa oNva gAMdhI dvArA ena. bI. sen)| 2. caritra sAdhanA pratipala calatI hai (sva. zrImada nAnezAcArya): sadAcaraNa evaM saccaritratA ko eka zabda meM kahanA ho to vaha hai shiil| zIla, caritrazIla vyaktitva kA prANa hotA hai| jIvana kI sabhI vRttiyoM-pravRttiyoM tathA gatividhiyoM meM jo zubhatA kI rakSaka vRtti hai vahI zIla vRtti hai| zIla kI sAdhanA aharniza kI sAdhanA hai-mana, vacana evaM kAyA ke pratyeka yoga vyApAra kI sAdhanA hai| zIla kI sAdhanA pratipala calatI hai aura pratipala ke AcAra-vicAra meM usakI jhalaka dekhane ko mila sakatI hai| zIla kI sAdhanA isa prakAra dainaMdina kI athavA sampUrNa jIvana vyavahAra kI sAdhanA hai, jo zreSThatama maryAdAoM meM pratiphalita hotI hai (saMskAra krAnti, pRSTha 169) / 3. mUla svabhAva kA nAma caritra (eca. jekzana brAuna juniyara): hamArA caritra vAstava meM vaha hai jo hamAre pratyeka kArya meM jhalakatA hai-vaise kArya meM jisake liye hama socate haiM ki use koI nahIM dekha rahA hai| (TI o AI-sekreDa spes)| 207

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sucaritram 4. vicAra-AcAra kA sahI cunAva to Adarza caritra (svAmI zivAnanda): vicAra evaM AcAra ke punarAvartita cunAva ke AdhAra para caritra kA nirmANa hotA hai, isaliye sahI cunAva karo to tuma apane caritra ko sudRr3ha evaM Adarza banA skoge| (TI o AI sekreDa spes)| 5. caritra nirmANa se sarvatra saphalatA (helena kelara): caritra kA vikAsa AsAnI se aura cupacApa nahIM hotaa| kevala lagAtAra kI kaSTa sahiSNutA se hI AtmabhAva sudRr3ha hotA hai, mahattvAkAMkSAeM anuprANita banatI haiM aura saphalatA jholI meM giratI hai| (TI o AI-sekreDa spes)| 6. bolane se pahale karane vAlA saccA caritrazIla (kanphyUsiyasa): ziSya ne pUchA- koI bhI vyakti apane caritra ko sudhAra kaise sakatA hai?' guru ne kahA-'yadi vyakti purAne jJAna ko sahejatA rahe tathA naye jJAna kI upalabdhi karatA rahe to vaha dUsaroM kA zikSaka ho sakatA hai|' ziSya ne phira pUchA-'vyakti mahAn kaise caritra se banatA hai?' guru ne punaH kahA-'jo bolane ke pahale AcaraNa karatA hai aura taba apane AcaraNa ke anurUpa bolatA hai-yahI caritra kI mahAnatA hai' (TI o AI sekreDa spes)| donoM pahiyoM kI asamAnatA meM nahIM calatA hai caritra kA ratha: manuSya sadA se prArthanA karatA AyA hai ki vaha aMdhakAra se prakAza meM pahuMce (tamaso mA jyotirgamaya) kyoMki prakAzamaya jIvana ko caritra kA utkarSa mAnA gayA hai| jaba kisI kA manamAnasa prakAza se prerita evaM prakAzita hotA hai taba zreSTha vicAroM kA abhyudaya hotA hai, vicAra taba vANI aura karma meM abhivyakta hote haiM aura ina sabase zreSTha caritra kA nirmANa hotA hai| isa nirmANa ke liye Avazyaka hotI hai samucita zikSA tathA niyamita abhyAsa prnnaalii| yaha pratidina calanI cAhie aura yahI aMdhakAra se prakAza meM pahuMcane kA surakSita mArga hai| yaha hakIkata yAda rakhI jAnI cAhie ki eka aMdhavizvAsI mana-mAnasa ko kabhI-bhI prakAza kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI hai, kyoMki aMdhavizvAsa usake mastiSka kI eka bhI khir3akI ko khulane nahIM detA aura usake binA aMdherA miTa nahIM sktaa| aMdhakAra se ghirA huA mana-mAnasa svastha kabhI nahIM hotA, rogI banA rahatA hai| yaha roga usake aMdhavizvAsoM ke ghanatva ko bar3hAtA rahatA hai tathA prakAza ke prakaTIkaraNa kI saMbhAvanAoM ko samApta kara detA hai| ataH prakAza pAne kA sunizcita mArga hai caritra kA nirmANa-aise caritra kA nirmANa jisakA samyag jJAna aura kriyA ke saMyoga se sArI vikRtiyoM se mukti pAne kA dRr3ha saMkalpa ho tathA vaha AtmavizvAsa se sadA bharA pUrA rhe| AtmavizvAsa saphalatA kA sabase bar3A srota hotA hai| dRr3ha AtmavizvAsa kisI ko phAMsI ke phande se bhI vApisa lauTA sakatA hai| AtmavizvAsa aura aMdhavizvAsa ke antara ko pATa detA hai caritra kA nirmANa aura eka AtmavizvAsI caritra kahIM bhI kabhI-bhI asaphala nahIM hotA hai| ___ saccaritratA, caritrazIlatA, caritraniSThA Adi ko yadi eka ratha kI upamA deM to hameM mAnanA hogA ki usake donoM pahiye hoMge-ahiMsaka jIvanazailI tathA satyadarzana kI abhilaassaa| ratha ko sahI cAla se calAne aura teja gati se daur3Ane ke liye usake donoM pahiyoM kA samAna AkAra-prakAra honA nitAnta 208

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vibhinna dharmagraMthoM, vAdoM-vicAroM meM caritra nirmANa kI avadhAraNAe~ Avazyaka hai| ye do pahiye haiM satya aura ahiMsA ke| yaha zAzvata siddhAnta hai tathA Adhunika yuga ke vaijJAnika vAtAvaraNa meM bhI ahiMsA ko mAnava jAti kI tathA sAre saMsAra kI hitakAriNI mAna liyA gayA hai| hiMsA se mukta hone ke liye ahiMsA kA AhvAna jarUrI hai| ahiMsA bhArata ke svAdhInatA saMgharSa kAla kI taraha sArvajanika jIvana meM bhI otaprota ho aura usake AdhAra para eka naI sarvasahayogI jIvanazailI kA vikAsa ho-Aja sAre-saMsAra ke kadama isa dizA meM bar3hane zurU ho gaye haiN| vairavaimanasya, dveSa, kalaha, ghRNA, IrSyA-DAha, duHsaMkalpa, krodha, durvacana, abhimAna, daMbha, lobha-lAlaca, zoSaNa, damana Adi jitanI bhI vyakti aura samAja kI caritra vinAzinI dhvaMsamUlaka vikRtiyAM haiM-ye saba hiMsA ke hI rUpa haiN| mAnava mana aura caritra isa hiMsA ke vividha prahAroM se nirantara Ahata hotA rahatA hai| aisA kyoM hai? kyoMki mAnava samyag jJAna ke abhAva meM vaira kA pratikAra vaira se, damana kA pratikAra damana se athavA hiMsA kA pratikAra hiMsA se karanA cAhatA rahA hai balki karatA rahA hai aura yahI ghora ajJAna hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa ajJAna ko dUra kiyA aura uttama caritra patha darzAyA-"krodha ko krodha se nahIM, kSamA se jiito| ahaMkAra ko ahaMkAra se nahIM, vinaya evaM namratA se jiito|dNbh ko daMbha se nahIM, saralatA aura nizchalatA se jiito|lobh ko lobha se nahIM, santoSa va udAratA se jiito| isI prakAra bhaya ko abhaya se aura ghRNA ko prema se jiito|" vijaya kI yahI sAtvika prakriyA hai tathA aise abhyAsa se hI ahiMsaka jIvanazailI kA nirmANa kiyA jA sakatA hai| ____ ahiMsA kI isa antardRSTi ko gaharAI se samajheM aura apane AcaraNa meM AtmasAt kreN| vaira ho, ghRNA ho, zoSaNa, damana, utpIr3ana ho yA koI bhI hiMsaka kArya ho, aMtataH saba lauTa kara punaH kartA ke pAsa hI Ate haiM / yaha mata samajho ki jahAM para Apane burAI phaikI hai, vaha vahI para rahegI aura Apake pAsa lauTakara nahIM aaegii| yaha vibhrama hai| vaha burAI nizcita rUpa se apanA duSpariNAma lekara Apake pAsa lauTegI, kyoMki kRta karma (zubha yA azubha donoM) kabhI niSphala nahIM jaataa| kueM meM kI gaI dhvani vApisa avazyameva lauTatI hai, pratidhvani ke rUpa meM to ahiMsA kI sUkSma dRSTi yaha hai ki tU pIr3A dene vAlA aura vaha jo tumase pIr3A pA rahA hai, donoM bhinna-bhinna nahIM haiN| vaha bhI caitanya hai aura tU bhI caitanya hai| yadi tU dUsare ko satAtA hai to vaha dUsare ko satAnA kaise huA? vaha to tU apane Apa ko hI satA rahA hai| yaha AdhyAtmika dhvani hai ki jise tU mAranA cAhatA hai, vaha tUhI hai| jise tU zAsita karanA cAhatA hai, vaha tU hI hai| jise tU paritApa denA cAhatA hai, vaha tU hI hai| ahiMsA kA yaha svara sabakI zAnti aura sukha kA svara hai tathA caritra rUpI ratha kA eka sudRr3ha pahiyA hai| ___ caritra ratha kA dUsarA sudRr3ha tathA samatola pahiyA hai-satya darzana kI abhilaassaa| jIvana ke vyavahAra meM jahAM-jahAM satyAMza mileM unakA cayana karanA, saMcaya karanA tathA pUrNa satya ke sAkSAtkAra kI sadA abhilASA evaM ceSTA rakhanA-yaha caritra nirmANa kI sakriyatA rahanI caahie| zruta aura dRSTadonoM satya ke srota hote haiM aura inameM bhI zruta kI apekSA dRSTa kA adhika mahattva hai kyoMki isase jo jJAna prApta hotA hai vaha gaharA aura sthAI hotA hai| zruta se cintana kI dhArA calatI hai aura dRSTa se vividha anubhava prApta hote haiM ataH yaha prakriyA satya ke samIpa le jAtI hai, usakI ujjvalatA ko nikhAratI hai tathA satyadarzana ke prati prabala prabhAva utpanna karatI hai| 209

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sucaritram caritra nirmANa hai sabakA sAdhya : isameM koI vivAda nahI ki saMsAra bhara ke dharma, darzana, vAda yA vicAra mAnava ke caritra nirmANa ko anivArya mAnate haiM tathA usake liye apanI-apanI AcaraNa paddhatiyoM kA bhI nirdeza karate haiN| sabake bIca caritra ke vAMchita svarUpa kA antara ho sakatA hai to use gaThita, zIla aura sampanna banAne ke sAdhanoM meM bhI bheda ho sakate haiN| kintu ye antara yA bheda aise nahIM haiM jinakA samanvaya saMbhava na ho| azubha pravRttiyoM se dUra hone tathA zubha pravRttiyoM ko apanAne jaisI caritra kI sarvasammata vyAkhyA ho sakatI hai, bhale hI zubha kyA hai aura azubha kyA hai-isake vivaraNa meM sAmAnya antara ho| yaha batAne kA kAraNa yaha hai ki Aja calAye jAne vAle caritra nirmANa ke abhiyAna ko na sabakA samarthana hI mile balki bharapUra sahayoga bhii| . 210

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naitikatA bharA AcaraNa le jAtA hai sadAcAra ke mArga para 46

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naitikatA bharA AcaraNa le jAtA hai sadAcAra ke mArga para sApekSikatA aura naitikatA ke siddhAMta ke bIca yaha eka dilacaspa kahAnI hai-zAyada satya kathA hI ho| mumbaI se eka udyogapati ko eka khAsa lAIseMsa kI maMjUrI ke liye dillI jAkara eka maMtrI se milanA thA aura unheM bataura rizvata pAMca lAkha kI rAzi bhI denI thii| usa udyogapati ne amuka baiMka se rAzi nikalavAI aura dillI ke liye gAr3I pkdd'ii| baiMka se eka jebakatarA unake pIche laga gayA aura vaha bhI unake sAtha usI gAr3I aura Dibbe meM car3ha gyaa| use pAMca lAkha kI rAzi ke sAre tathya jJAta the-yahAM taka ki noToM ke nambara bhii| nahIM mAlUma kara sakA vaha to yaha tathya ki vaha rAzi kahAM rakhI gaI hai-aTecI meM, baiga meM yA udyogapati ke jeba meM? mumbaI se gAr3I ke calate hI vaha jebakatarA khoja-zodha meM laga gayA-apanI sArI hikamateM usane kAma meM le lI, magara rAzi kA use atA patA nahIM cala skaa| ___ eka hakIkata jAnane lAyaka hai ki aparAdhiyoM ke apane-apane giroha hote haiM, unakA giroha kA saraganA hotA hai aura unakI ApasI kAragujArI pUrI ImAnadArI se aMjAma dI jAtI hai| dhaMdhe meM jarA sI beImAnI bhI bardAzta nahIM kI jAtI hai, kyoMki dhaMdhebAja gairakAnUnI dhaMdhA hone se 211

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sucaritram adAlata meM nahIM jA sakate haiN| ataH dhaMdhe kI jAna hotI hai iimaandaarii| jebakataroM kA bhI apanA giroha thA aura saraganA apane membaroM kI kAragujAriyoM para kar3I najara rakhatA thA aura vaha dillI meM rahatA thaa| udyogapati ke pIche jo jebakatarA mumbaI se calA thA, usake kAma kI hada ratalAma taka hI thii| isa kAraNa ratalAma para usane, udyogapati ko dasa hajAra rupayoM meM apane giroha ke eka sAthI ko beca diyA aura rAzi saMbaMdhI sAre tathya use batA die| aba ratalAma se vaha jebakatarA udyogapati kI khojatalAza karane lagA, parantu use bhI kAmayAbI hAtha nahIM lgii| usakI hada bhI savAI mAdhopura para khatma huI aura vahAM para usane udyogapati ko pAMca hajAra meM beca diyaa| kharIdane vAlA aura koI nahIM, unake giroha kA saraganA hI thaa| aba vaha udyogapati kI sarca meM laga gyaa| dillI kA sTezana A gayA, para use bhI rAzi kA patA nahIM claa| vaha hairAna ho gayA isaliye nahIM ki use rAzi nahIM milI, balki isaliye ki kahIM usake usa giroha meM beImAnI to nahIM cala par3I hai jo usa giroha ke sadasyoM ne jhUThamUTha hI usa udyogapati ko kharIdA aura becA aura kucha bhI ho lekina giroha meM beImAnI kisI kadara nahIM calanI caahie| phira vaha giroha kA saraganA hai to isa hAlata meM kaise bardAzta kara sakatA hai? udyogapati gAr3I se utara kara riTAyariMga rUma (sTezana) meM cale gaye aura nivRtta hone lge| acAnaka daravAje para khaTakhaTAhaTa huii| unhoMne daravAjA kholA to eka saMbhrAMta-sA yuvaka unake sAmane khar3A thaa| usane nivedana kiyA ki vaha unake sAtha kucha jarUrI bAta karanA cAhatA hai| udyogapati ne use bhItara sophe para biThA diyA aura kahA-'bolo, kyA kahanA cAhate ho?' yuvaka bolA-'pahale to maiM Apako Azvasta karanA cAhatA hU~ ki Apa ekadama surakSita hai|' udyogapati cauMke ki ise yaha kaise mAlUma? phira yuvaka ne hI bAta Age bar3hAI, mumbaI se pIche lage apane giroha ke membaroM kI kAragujAriyAM batAI, phira apanA tajurbA bayAna kiyA aura zarAphata se pUchA-'yaha hamAre giroha kI ImAnadArI kA savAla hai, isaliye maiM jAnanA cAhatA hUM ki ApakI rAzi saMbaMdhI ye sAre tathya sahI haiM yA galata haiM usane sAre tathya batA diye|' isa udyogapati ko roSa car3ha AyA aura ve bole-'tuma jebakatare ImAnadArI kI bAta karate ho, zarma nahIM aatii| hAM, tumane jo tathya batAe, ve saba sahI haiN|' yuvaka ne rAhata kI sAMsa lI ki giroha meM beImAnI kataI nahIM ghusI hai| rAzi nahIM milI to koI bAta nhiiN| haMsate hue usane pUcha hI liyA-'aba ApakI rAzi ko koI khatarA nahIM, jAnakArI ke liye batA deM ki vaha kahAM rakhI hai?' udyogapati ne rAzi kA ThikAnA to batA diyA, para unhoMne phira tAnA mArA'jurma karane vAle bhI ImAnadArI kI bAta kareMge to phira beImAnI kahAM rahegI?' ___ aba javAba dene kI usa yuvaka kI bArI thii| vaha tana kara baiTha gayA aura bolane lagA-Apako batA dUM ki hamArA dhaMdhA ekadama ImAnadArI para calatA hai| yahI hamArI naitikatA hai| hameM ApakI rAzi nahIM milane kA tanika bhI aphasosa nahIM hai lekina agara beImAnI kA jarA sA bhI sabUta mila jAtA hai to pUre giroha meM har3akampa maca jaataa| hama apanI naitikatA ko kabhI TUTane nahIM dete haiN| aba udyogapati ThahAkA mArakara haMse-vAha, kyA kahanA hai tumhArI naitikatA kA? jebeM kataranA aura naitikatA baghAranA-kyA maje kI bAta hai? naitikatA ke kAyala to hama loga haiM jo zarIpha kahalAte haiN| taba yuvaka ne kaTAkSa karane zurU kiye-ApakI koI naitikatA hai? Apa dillI Aye haiM pAMca lAkha kI rizvata dene aura naitikatA kI bAta karate ho| hama to Apa jaise saraplasa paise vAloM kI jebeM kATate haiM magara Apa 212

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naitikatA bharA AcaraNa le jAtA hai sadAcAra ke mArga para to choTe-choTe garIboM kI jebeM kATate hue bhI tanika nahIM zarmAte-dhRSTa bane rahate ho| cAvala, gehUM meM kaMkara milAte ho, usa taraha ke kaMkara banAne kA kArakhAnA calAte ho aura rupaye-ATha Ane ke cAvala, gehUM kharIdane vAloM kI taMga jeba ko bhI nahIM chodd'te| Apa logoM kI beImAnI kI.kahIM hada bhI hai? yoM donoM kI hakIkata bharI bahasa calatI rhii| kintu Apa ko socanA hai ki naitikatA kaisI hotI hai-jebakatare jaisI yA phira usa ughogapati jaisI? athavA naitikatA donoM ke pAsa thI yA kisI ke pAsa nahIM? vicAra karanA zurU kIjie naitikatA kI asaliyata para, usake raMgaDhaMga aura jIvana para usake prabhAva pr| phira dekhiye ki Apa ulajhate jyAdA haiM yA sulajha jAte haiM ! naitikatA kA vAstavika svarUpa tathA usake do pakSa evaM do rUpa: naitikatA zabda nIti se banA hai to naitikatA kA artha huA niitismmttaa| jo kArya nIti ke anurUpa ho, ve kahalAte haiM, naitika kaary| nIti use kahate haiM jo samAja, dharma Adi dvArA mAnya hotI hai| nIti ke niyama likhita hI ho yaha jarUrI nhiiN| samAja kI svIkRti naitika niyamoM ke liye paryApta mAnI jAtI hai| 'nayati iti nIti'-yaha nIti kI saMkSipta vyAkhyA hai-jo le jAtI hai vaha niiti| to prazna svAbhAvika hai ki kahAM le jAtI hai? pratyeka vyakti, samAja, dharma, varga Adi ke apane uddezya hote haiM aura siddhAnta va paramparA se bhI uddezya nirdhArita hote haiN| inhIM mAnya uddezyoM kI ora le jAne vAlI naiSThika zakti ko nIti kahA jA sakatA hai| nIti ko sAdhana mAna lIjie jo sAdhya kI prApti meM sahAyaka hotI hai| aisI nItiyoM kA anupAlanakartA kA jo jIvana ho vaha naitika jIvana kahalAtA hai| naitikatA ke liye vyavahAra meM lAyA jAne vAlA aMgrejI kA zabda 'maoNreliTI' ucita zabda nahIM hai| 'maoNreliTI' kA sahI anuvAda hogA lokAcAra, jabaki naitikatA kA aMgrejI meM sahI zabda hai 'ithiksa' yoM lokAcAra aura naitikatA kA Apasa meM khAsa saMbaMdha nhiiN| naitikatA kA saMbaMdha hotA hai sadAcAra se| naitikatA bharA AcaraNa hI hama ko le jAtA hai sadAcAra ke mArga para tathA Age se Age bar3hane kI zakti detA hai| AcAra darzana ke kSetra meM sadA se nIti ke do pakSoM-sApekSatA evaM nirapekSatA ke svarUpa ko lekara gaharA cintana hotA rahA hai| isa dRSTi se nIti yA naitikatA sApekSa bhI hotI hai aura nirapekSa bhii| pApekSatAvAdI mAnate haiM ki AcAra tathA paraspara vyavahAra ke niyamopaniyama deza.kAla. paristhiti aura vyakti ke AdhAra para parivartita hote rahate haiN| unameM apavAda bhale rahe, para yathAsamaya badalAva AtA rahatA hai| Adhanika yaga kA rUkha sApekSavAdI hai ki sAmAjika, Arthika, rAjanItika, manovaijJAnika Adi vicAradhArAoM meM samaya-samaya para parivartana hote rahate haiM arthAt koI bhI vicAra parivartana se baca nahIM sakatA hai| saba meM parivartana avazyaMbhAvI hotA hai| sApekSavAdiyoM ke anusAra naitika niyama sArvakAlika aura sArvalaukika nahIM hote| isa pakSa kA viparIta pakSa hai nirapekSatAvAdiyoM kaa| inakI mAnyatA ke anusAra naitika AcaraNa nirapavAda hotA hai-deza, kAla, paristhiti tathA vyakti ke badalane para bhI naitika AcaraNa kI malyavattA aparivartanIya rahatI hai| jo AcaraNa zabha hai, vaha sadaiva zabha hogA aura jo AcaraNa azubha hai, vaha sadaiva azubha hI rhegaa| kisI bhI paristhiti meM zubha-azubha nahIM ho sakatA aura azubha-zubha nahIM ho sakatA aura jahAM taka mUlyavattA kA prazna hai, caritra ke 213

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sucaritram svarUpa ke sAtha bhI yahI siddhAnta lAgU hotA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se yaha anubhava meM AtA hai ki eka hI kArya kabhI karaNIya mAnA jAtA hai to dUsare samaya meM use akaraNIya batA diyA jAtA hai| eka hI AcaraNa eka paristhiti meM 'sat' hotA hai aura dUsarI paristhiti meM 'ast'| eka vyakti ke liye jo karma zubha hotA hai, vahI dUsare vyakti ke liye azubha bhI ho sakatA hai kisI ko baiMgana bAvale, kisI ko baiMgana pthy'| isakA Azaya yaha hai ki kisI kArya, AcaraNa yA karma kI mUlyavattA una paristhitiyoM para nirbhara karatI hai, jinameM usakA sampAdana kiyA jAtA hai| yahAM taka ki dharmagraMthoM meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki jo Asrava yAnI karma bandhana ke sthAna haiM, ve hI parisrava arthAt karma nirjarA ke sthAna bana jAte haiM (je AsavA te parissavA, je parissavA te AsavA-AcArAMga, 1-4-2) / isameM niSkarSa yaha hai ki kisI bhI vastu, ghaTanA, pariNAma yA dharmAnuSThAna kI zubhAzubhatA ke saMdarbha meM ekAntika dRSTikoNa se nirNaya karanA ucita nahIM hai ki amuka zubha hI hai yA azubha hI hai| kartA ke adhyavasAyoM yA manobhAvoM kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa eka hI sthiti, kriyA yA ghaTanA kisI ke liye karma baMdhana kA kAraNa bana jAtI hai to kisI anya ke liye karma nirjarA kaa| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki bAhya vidhi vidhAnoM kA utanA mahattva nahIM jitanA Antarika zuddhi yA bhAvanAtmaka pariNati kA hai| kintu isakA yaha artha bhI nahIM hai ki loka vyavahAra meM vastu, ghaTanA yA sthiti ke mahattva kI upekSA kI jaay| lokAcAra (mAreliTI) bAhya rUpa hai to naitikatA (ithiksa) Antarika ruup| donoM kA svarUpa bhinna-bhinna bhI ho sakatA hai to abhinna bhii| inakI abhinnatA sadAcAra athavA caritra nirmANa kI ora le jAtI hai| mahAbhArata (zAnti parva 33-32 Adi) tathA gItA (17-20) meM bhI dezakAla gata sApekSatA ko mAnyatA dI gaI hai aura buddha (vizuddhimagga, 4-66) kA dRSTikoNa bhI isakA samarthaka hai| pAzcAtya dArzanika hAbsa, upayogitAvAdI jaoNna sTuarTa mila, breDale, spensara Adi bhI naitika niyamoM ko sApekSa mAnate haiN| naitikatA ke nirapekSa pakSa kI mAnyatA hai ki naitika niyama aparivartanIya hai, kyoMki jIvana ke jo zAzvata mUlya haiM, unameM parivartana kadApi saMbhava nahIM aura vAMchanIya bhI nhiiN| yoM ekAnta rUpa se yaha pakSa bhI ucita nhiiN| jaise kisI ne sone ke kaDe taDavA kara gale kA hAra banAyA to isa parivartana ko kisa dRSTi se dekheMge? kyA saba kucha badala gayA yA kucha bhI nahIM badalA? donoM hI dRSTiyAM galata tthhregii| jahAM taka dazA kA prazna hai. kaDe kA hAra meM badala jAnA parA badalAva hai aura vasta kI bAta kareM to sonA pahale kar3e meM thA aba hAra meM hai so kucha nahIM bdlaa| isa prakAra paryAya (dazA) badalatI hai para dravya (vastu) nahIM bdltaa| jaina darzana meM isake liye do zabda pracalita hai-vyavahAra aura nishcy| vyavahAra badalatA rahatA hai, lekina nizcaya arthAt guNavattA aparivartanIya rahatI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki naitikatA ke bhI do pakSa haiM-sApekSa arthAt parivartanIya aura nirapekSa arthAt aprivrtniiy| ahiMsA, satya Adi siddhAnta aparivartanIya haiM to bAharI maryAdAeM Adi parivartanIya hotI hai| naitikatA kA sAmAnya rUpa sthAyI rahatA hai, kintu usakA vizeSa svarUpa samayAnurUpa paristhitiyoM ke parivartana ke sAtha badalatA rahatA hai| pAzcAtya darzanavid kAMTa kA kathana hai ki jo karma zubha hai vaha sadaiva zubha rahegA aura jo azubha hai vaha sadaiva azubha rhegaa| deza kAla ke anusAra naitika AcaraNa kA mUlya 214

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naitikatA bharA AcaraNa le jAtA hai sadAcAra ke mArga para parivartita nahIM hotaa| sArAMza meM kaha sakate haiM ki naitika Adarza nirapekSa hotA hai, jabaki naitika jIvana sApekSa / eka anya dRSTikoNa se naitikatA ke do rUpa mAna gaye haiM- Antara (naizcayika naitikatA) aura bAhya (vyAvahArika naitiktaa)| ye donoM rUpa naitika sAdhanA ke bhI haiN| jaise yaha yAnI ki caritra nirmANa kA sAdhya hai, samatAmUlaka samAja kI racanA to yaha huA Antarika rUpa aura jo AcaraNa sAdhya kI ora le jAtA ho vaha hogA usakA bAhya rUpa / bAhya rUpa deza, kAla, paristhiti, vyakti ke anusAra badalatA rahatA hai kintu Antarika rUpa jo ki sAdhya hai sadaiva aparivartanIya hI rhegaa| ataH samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa yahI ThaharegA ki jIvana tathA mAnavatA ke mUlya sadA nirapekSa, Antarika athavA Adarza rUpa raheMge jabaki isa sAdhya kI ora le jAne vAlI naitikatA yA caritratA kA bAhya rUpa samayAnusAra badalatA rhegaa| naizcayika naitikatA meM Antarika vRttiyoM ke pariSkAra kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai to vyAvahArika naitikatA meM AcAra tathA caritra nirmANa ke aneka vidhi- vidhAnoM, paramparAoM tathA loka maryAdAoM kA samayAnusAra samyak parivartana-parivardhana karate hue pAlana karanA hotA hai| naitikatA karttavya pAlana bhI to karttavyAkarttavya ke nirNaya kA AdhAra bhI: mAnava ke liye kyA karttavya hai aura kyA akarttavya isakA bhAna karAtA hai caritra tathA karttavyoM kA pAlana kiyA jAnA cAhiye isakA bhAna karAtI hai naitiktaa| jaise mAnava kA eka karttavya hotA hai apane RNoM ke prati / mAnava para RNa bhAra hotA hai mAtA-pitA kA yAnI mAtR-pitR RNa, RSi RNa jJAnopArjana karAne kA, prakRti kA RNa yAnI deva RNa aura bhUta RRNa yAnI sarvabhUta prANiyoM kA RNa, kyoMki ye sabhI mAnava kA upakAra karate haiN| inakA jo yaha RNa bhAra hai usase nirbhara honA mAnava kA kartavya hai aura ise usakI naitikatA kaheMge ki vaha apane RNa cukAe / naitikatA bharA AcaraNa hI sadAcAra kA mArga hotA hai| ina RNoM se mukta hone ke upAya haiM- jJAnopArjana kI paramparA nibhAnA, eka dUsare kI rakSA karanA, prakRti evaM sabhI prANiyoM ke prati komala bhAva rakhanA aura ImAnadArI se apanA kArya karanA / isa taraha aneka prakAra ke bhinna-bhinna kSetroM meM vibhinna karttavya ho sakate haiM, jinakA mAnava ko nirvAha karanA hotA hai| pAlana karane kA nAma naitikatA aura caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA use sadAcAra ke mArga para agragAmI bnaaegii| jahAM naitikatA eka ora karttavya pAlana kI preraNA detI hai to dUsarI ora naitikatA ke AdhAra para hI yaha nirNaya nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki kyA karttavya hai aura kyA akarttavya ? Upara batAyA jA cukA hai ki nIti ke sAmAnya yA maulika niyama nirapekSa aura vizeSa niyama sApekSa mAne jAte haiN| sApekSa tattva dezakAlAdi paristhitiyoM para nirbhara hotA hai| jaba taka koI aparihArya yA vizeSa paristhiti utpanna nahIM ho jAtI hai taba taka naitikatA ke sAmAnya mArga para calA jAnA caahie| parantu isa bAta kA nirNaya kauna kare ki amuka paristhiti meM apavAda mArga kA sahArA liyA jA sakatA hai| naitikatA ke saMdarbha meM do mArgoM kA vidhAna hai- utsarga tathA apvaad| apavAda mArga vizeSa paristhiti meM apanAyA jA sakatA hai jo sAmAnya niyama se haTa kara kucha usake viparIta kArya karane ko vivaza karatA hai| jaba apavAda mArga apanAyA jA sakatA hai taba yaha bhI socanA jarUrI hai ki vaha kisa rUpa meM apanAyA 215

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sucaritram jaae| yahAM samasyA AtI hai ucita yA anucita kA nirNaya nikAlane kii| aise meM kartavyAkarttavya kA nirNaya kartavya-pAlana kI dRSTi tathA AcaraNa kI naitikatA ke AdhAra para nikAlA jAnA cAhie jisameM mahAparuSoM kI anabhavayakta vANI kA Alambana bhI liyA jA sakatA hai| kinta antatogatvA to kartavyAkarttavya kI nirNAyaka svayaM kI prajJA, cAritrika niSThA aura naitika dRSTi hI ho sakatI hai| abhidhAna rAjendra koSa meM vyAvahArika (sApekSa) naitikatA kI zubhAzubhatA ke nirNaya ke liye pAMca AdhAra batAye haiM-1. Agama-zAstra, 2. zruta-upadeza Adi, 3. AjJA variSThoM kI, 4. dhAraNA svayaM kI tathA 5. jIta-AcAra zuddhi (khaMDa 6 pRSTha 107) / vaidika paramparA meM bhI AcaraNa ke nirNaya ke liye 1. veda, 2. smRti, 3. sadAcAra aura 4. antarAtmA ko pramANa mAnA gayA hai (manusmRti, 2-12) / gItA ko bhI kartavyAkarttavya kA pramANa zAstra mAnA gayA hai (16-24) / isa bAre meM anekAntika dRSTikoNa hI ucita hai| kisI bhI vastu ke guNa doSa kA vicAra anekAnta dRSTi se hI karanA caahie| jina kAryoM kA utsarga hotA hai unakA apavAda bhI svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| donoM (utsarga evaM apavAda) hI mArga haiM aura donoM grAhya haiN| donoM ke Alambana se hI naitikatA, caritraniSThA tathA sAdhanA zuddha, sazakta evaM paripuSTa hotI hai| jJAnAdi guNoM kI sAdhanA dezakAlAnusAra utsarga-apavAda dvArA hI siddha hotI hai (nizItha satra bhASya 5249) / naitikatA AcaraNa meM utaratI hai to vaha sadAcAra ke mArga para le jAtI hai : jaina darzana meM naitikatA (ithiksa) kA vizleSaNAtmaka varNana hai| graMtha jaina ithiksa' (aMgrejI dvArA dayAnanda bhArgava) meM jaina naitikatA meM sarvAdhika bala samyag jJAna, darzana aura cAritra ke ratnatraya kI ekatA para diyA gayA hai| ina tInoM kI sAdhanA eka sAtha calanI caahie| jaina naitikatA mAtra naitika saMhitA kI vyavasthA hI nahIM, apitu dharmamaya vyAvahArika jIvana paddhati hai jo abhyAsa ke mAdhyama se sAdhutva kI naitikatA taka pahuMcatI hai| sAdhu evaM gRhastha kI naitikatA ko apanAne para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai, jinakA samAja para sakArAtmaka prabhAva par3atA hai| yoM jIvana kA antima lakSya mukti ko hI mAnA gayA hai| jaina naitikatA naro vedAntiyoM kI taraha jIvana kI ekIkRta nityatA para AdhArita hai aura na hI bauddhoM kI taraha kSaNikatA yA anityatA pr| jainoM kA samanvita dRSTikoNa hai jo anekAntavAda ke siddhAnta kA anugamana karatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki samaya, prakRti, niyati, padArtha Adi kA svarUpa vizleSaNa racanAtmaka vicAradhArA ke anusAra kiyA jAtA hai| jaina naitikatA jAti, varga yA varNa ke AdhAra para mAnava jAti meM kisI bheda ko svIkAra nahIM karatI hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba naitikatA AcaraNa meM utaratI hai, taba naitikatA ke uparokta svarUpa ke anusAra nizcita rUpa se sadAcAra ke mArga para hI Age bar3hatI hai| naitikatA (ithiksa) ke mUla svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM paurvAtya evaM pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ke dRSTikoNa meM kAphI bheda hai| 1. paurvAtya dArzanika (a) dharma ko naitikatA kA mUla AdhAra mAnate haiM aura yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki sAmAjika rItiyoM meM spaSTa hone vAlI pAramparika mUlyavattA kA pUrNa saMrakSaNa kiyA jAnA caahie| (ba) ve vizvastarIya svabhAva ke naitika guNoM ko apanAne tathA panapAne para bhI jora dete haiN| 2. vahIM pAzcAtya dArzanika isa tathya ko mahattva dete haiM ki AcaraNa kI zubhatA ke liye kyA acchA hai aura 216

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naitikatA bharA AcaraNa le jAtA hai sadAcAra ke mArga para kyA burA hai-usakA adhyayana kiyA jAnA caahie| 1. isa dRSTi se ki niyamAnusAra jIvana nirvAha kI upalabdhi kaisI hai tathA 2. nirdhArita lakSya ke liye usakA kitanA mUlya hai? donoM dRSTikoNoM meM isa prakAra antara kA aMkana kare to vidita hogA ki jahAM pUrvArdha meM naitikatA kA mUla AdhAra dhArmika siddhAntoM ko banAyA gayA hai, vahAM pazcimArdha meM cintana kI svataMtratA ko pramukhatA dI gaI hai| caritra vikAsa arthAt jaina naitikatA kI pRSThabhUmi meM usake tAttvika bindu haiN| ye tattva nau haiM-1. jIva (selpha), 2. ajIva (naoNna-selpha), 3. Asrava (karma padArtha kI Avaka), 4. baMdha (unakA baMdhana), 5. saMvara (usakA nirodha), 6. nirjarA (unakA kSaya),7. pApa (duSkarma), 8. puNya (satkarma) tathA 9. mokSa (saalveshn)| eka mAnyatAnusAra sAta tattva hI mAne gaye haiM-pApa va puNya ko sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai (Asrava tattva meM hI pApa aura puNya kA samAveza kara diyA gayA hai)| karma siddhAnta ko svabhAva (hebiTa) kI manovaijJAnika vicAradhArA para AdhArita kiyA gayA hai| isakA vizleSaNa hai ki 1. hama eka kArya kA bIja vapana karate haiM aura Adata kI phasala ugAte haiM, 2. hama eka Adata kA bIja vapana karate haiM aura caritra kI phasala ugAte haiM, 3. hama caritra kA bIja vapana karate haiM aura bhAgya kI phasala ugAte haiN| isa prakAra punarAvRtti tathA svabhAva nirmANa ke anusAra apanI kArya paddhati meM parivartana lAyA jA sakatA hai aura puruSArtha ke dvArA saMzodhana, parivardhana Adi bhI kiye jA sakate haiN| isa sArI karma praNAlI kA mukhya uddezya kaSTa yA duHkha kA nivAraNa hI rhegaa| 1. saMvara ke jariye karma padArtha ke Agamana ko niruddha karanA tathA 2. nirjarA ke jariye sambaddha karma padArtha ko vinaSTa krnaa| ina donoM tattvoM kI sakriyatA ke liye tapa (Abhyantara evaM bAhya) kA vidhAna hai| jaba samasta karmoM kA kSaya kara liyA jAtA hai to mukti (sAlvezana) kI prApti ho jAtI hai| yaha maMjila hI sadAcAra ke mArga kI maMjila mAnI gaI hai| isa bindu para vicAra kiyA jAe ki jaina naitikatA ke siddhAnta mAnava jAti kI samasyAoM ko sulajhAne meM kisa sImA taka sahAyaka ho sakate haiN| isake liye mAnava-jIvana kI samasyAoM ko cAra vibhAga meM vargIkRta kara lete haiM1. abhAva : vaijJAnika pragati evaM utpAdana meM vRddhi ke bAvajUda prAkRtika paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa Avazyaka vastuoM kA abhAva banA rahatA hai| isa abhAva meM ye kAraNa bhI kama jimmedAra nahIsvArthI manovRttiyAM jaise munAphAkhorI, jamAkhorI Adi aura dezoM kA yaha lAlaca tathA nArA bhI ki jisake pAsa jitanI adhika sampatti, vaha utanA hI adhika surakSita va sukhii| kintu jaina dharma isase ekadama viparIta naitika zikSA detA hai ki jitanI kama sampatti utanA hI adhika sukh| yaha mAnyatA hai ki sukha isa samajha se phUTatA hai ki hama kyA haiM, na ki isa samajha se ki hama kyA nahIM haiM aura isase bhI nahIM ki hamAre pAsa kitanI sampatti haiN| isa abhAva kI samasyA ke samAdhAna ke liye jaina naitikatA kA saMdeza hai-sAMsArika padArthoM ke prati lagAva yA rAga (aTecameMTa) mata rakho, unake gulAma bhI mata bano, balki apane bhItara jhAMkakara anubhava karo ki sacce sukha kA srota kahAM se phUTatA hai? yaha srota saMtoSa meM dikhAI degaa| jo satya vyakti ke liye hai, vahI satya samAja aura rASTroM ke liye bhI hai| 217

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sucaritram 2. anyAya : Aja saba ora matsya nyAya cala rahA hai ki bar3I machalI apane se choTI machalI ko nigala rahI hai| isa anyAya kA duSpariNAma yuddha evaM raktapAta ke rUpa meM sAmane AtA hai| karma siddhAnta ke rUpa meM jaina naitikatA nyAya kI jhalaka dikhAtI hai jisakI maulika hakIkata hai ki vaisA hI kaatteNge| sabhI prANI samAna haiM aura zaktizAlI kA koI adhikAra nahIM banatA ki vaha durbala ke sAtha anyAya kre| anyAyoM kA mukAbalA tAkata se nahIM, balki jaina darzana ke sandeza rUpa samatA kI vRtti tathA pravRtti ke vyApaka phailAva ke sAtha kiyA jAe ki anyAyI manovRtti kA anta hI ho jaae| yaha mukAbalA bhI ahiMsaka honA caahie| 3. ajJAna : Aja taka zikSA kA jitanA vyApaka prasAra honA cAhie thA, vaha nahIM ho pAyA hai aura saccI zikSA kI bAta to alaga hI hai| vaha zikSA kisa kAma kI jo baMdhana mukti kI preraNA na phuuNke| vahI saccI zikSA hotI hai jo mukti kI preraNA detI hai (sA vidyA yA vimuktye)| jaina naitikatA yaha pATha par3hAtI hai ki sampUrNa jJAna sApekSa aura saha-sambaddha honA caahie| hama pratyeka vicAra kA sammAna kareM aura apane jJAna ke bAre meM yaha dhAraNA na banAveM ki jo kucha hama jAnate haiM vahI antima hai| ekAntika pakSa sadA samasyAeM paidA karatA haiM, isa kAraNa anekAntika dRSTikoNa hI saccA samAdhAna evaM samanvaya kA mArga hai| isase vicAra saMgharSa miTatA hai| 4. svArtha : yaha svArtha duniyA kI sArI samasyAoM kI jar3a meM hai| sArI anaitika pravRttiyAM manuSya kI svArtha vRtti ke kAraNa hI paidA hotI hai| isa samasyA kA samAdhAna jaina naitikatA batAtI hai ki AntarikatA ke sacce svabhAva kI anubhUti se svArtha ke rAkSasa para jIta hAsila kI jA sakatI hai| vyakti kI AtmA kA mUla svabhAva vahI hai jo paramAtmA yA brahma kI AtmA kA hai aura cintana meM isa samAnatA kA anubhava kiyA jAnA caahie| yaha dRSTikoNa ko udAra banAegA jisase svArtha svayaM hI samApta hotA jaaegaa| svayaM (AtmA) kI pahacAna hI sthAyI aura vAstavika hotI hai aura jisakI asmitA bhI pRthak hotI hai| vastutaH to vAsanAoM para vijaya pAkara hI svArtha vRtti kA samUla unmUlana kiyA jA sakatA hai| naitikatA caritra nirmANa kA pUrvArdha hai, to sadAcAra usakA uttarArdha, kyoMki naitikatA ke AcaraNa se sadAcAra kA patha prApta hotA hai to caritra nirmANa tathA usakA nirantara vikAsa sarva baMdhana mukti kI dizA se agragAmitA detA hai| jisakI mUla zakti hotI hai critrnisstthaa| caritra sampannatA karttavya-pAlana kA prANa hai, dharma kA dhAraNa hai aura unnati kA mUla hai| sva-svabhAva rUpa samatva kI prApti hI naitika jIvana kA sAdhya hai : svabhAva kI carcA karate samaya vibhAva ko bhI samajha lenA caahiye| mUla sva bhAva svabhAva kahalAtA hai aura vikRta svabhAva vibhaav| jJAna aura anubhava se siddha hotA hai ki sva kA svabhAva samatAmUlaka hotA hai, kintu svabhAva kI vikRtiyAM samatA ke mUla ko naSTa karane meM lagI rahatI hai| ye saba vaibhAvika kriyAeM hotI hai jo sahI sAdhya se dUra le jAtI haiN| isa kAraNa naitika jIvana kI bAta kareM yA dharma athavA caritra nirmANa kI-sabakA sAdhya yahI hai ki sva-svabhAva rUpa samatva kI prApti 218

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natikatAparA AcaraNalajAtA ha~sadAcAra ke mAga para kI jaae| yaha aitihAsika satya bhI hai ki manuSya jIvana yuga-yugAntaroM se isI samatva ko sabhI kSetroM meM prApta karane ke liye satata prayatnazIla rahA hai| samatva kI bhUmikA prApta karane ke pIche usakI abhilASA nirantara dRr3hatara hotI rahI hai kyoMki badalatI huI paristhitiyoM meM use adhikatara vikSobha, tanAva aura mAnasika dvanda jhelane par3a rahe haiN| zAstra jJAna aura manovijJAna donoM ke anusAra yaha sthApita dhAraNA hai ki sva-svabhAva rUpa samatva kI prApti hI naitika jIvana kA sAdhya hai| prazna yaha uThatA hai ki jaba samatA hI cetanA kA mUla svabhAva hai to vaha apane svabhAva se patita kyoM hotI hai? svabhAva se vibhAva meM rama jAne ke kyA kAraNa ho sakate haiM? isa prazna kA saMkSipta uttara hai-mUrchA, moha aura Asakti ke kAraNoM se svabhAva para vibhAva hAvI ho jAtA hai| yaha viSayAturatA hI samasta pIr3AoM kI jananI hai (AcArAMga, 1-1-2) Asakti se tRSNA utpanna hotI hai| tRSNAkula vyakti rAta dina cintA, vyathA aura vikSobha bhugatatA rahatA hai| vaha apanI tRSNA rUpI calanI ko jala se bharanA cAhatA hai aura usake liye vaha dUsaroM ko pIr3A pahuMcAtA hai, unakA vadha karatA hai| yaha bar3hatI huI parigraha kI vAsanA kI samasta viSamatAoM kI jar3a hai| isa jar3a kA pUrNa unmUlana karatI hai smtaa| ataH cetanA kA svabhAva hai samatA aura viSamatA hai usakA vibhaav| yaha zAzvata satya hai ki vibhAva tyAgane aura samatA apanAne para hI sacce sukha kI prApti ho sakatI hai| isI kAraNa samatA prApti ko jIvana kA sAdhya mAnA gayA hai| samatA dezakAla gata paristhitiyoM se Upara sArvabhaumika evaM sArvakAlika sAdhya hai| isa kAraNa sAdhanoM kA cayana isI AdhAra para kiyA jAnA cAhie ki kaunase sAdhana isa sAdhya kI zIghra prApti meM sarvAdhika sahAyaka hote haiN| samatA sAmAnya vyakti yA gRhastha athavA sabhI stara ke samUhoM ke liye hI sAdhya nahIM hai, balki samatA ko sAdhutva kA bhI mUla lakSaNa mAnA gayA hai| saMyamaniSTha sAdhaka samatA kI sAdhanA se AtmA ko prasAdita kare aura bhAvita banAve (sUtrakRtAMga, 2-2-3 tathA uttarAdhyayana, 224-27) / spaSTa hai ki samasta vizva ke liye samatA hI pradhAna sAdhya hai| jIvana kI anekAneka vikRtiyoM se mukta hone vAlA hI 'vIra' kahalAtA hai| vastutaH vIra samatvadarzI hotA hai aura samatvadarzI vIra hotA hai| siddha hotA hai ki naitikatA kI donoM naizcayika tathA vyAvahArika dRSTiyoM ke anusAra samatA ko hI naitika jIvana kA pradhAna kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| jitane aMzoM meM AcaraNa samatApUrNa banegA, utane hI aMzoM meM koI bhI naitika khlaaegaa| AcaraNa ke bAhya pakSa para vyAvahArika dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| bAhya AcAra meM pAlanIya niyama aura upaniyamoM kA samAveza hotA hai athavA saMsthAoM yA rASTroM Adi ke saMdarbha meM saMvidhAna banAye jAte haiN| yaha bAhya svarUpa vyAvahArika naitikatA hai| yaha dhyAna meM rakhane lAyaka bAta hai ki binA Antarika naitikatA ke bAhya naitikatA phalavatI nahIM hotI hai| samatva kI prApti ke sAdhya kI sampUrti karane vAlI vyAvahArika naitikatA hI mUlyavAna hotI hai| marmajJa paM. sukhalAla jI saMghavI kA kathana hai ki vyAvahArika AcAra ekarUpa nahIM hai| naizcayika AcAra kI bhUmikA se niSpanna aise bhinna-bhinna dezakAla, jAti, svabhAva, ruci Adi ke anusAra kabhI-kabhI paraspara viruddha dikhAI dene vAle AcAra bhI vyAvahArika AcAra kI koTi meM gine jAte haiN| naizcayika AcAra kI bhUmikA para vartamAna eka hI 219

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sucaritram 220 vyakti anekavidha vyAvahArika AcAroM meM se gujaratA hai (darzana aura cintana, khaMDa 1-2, pRSTha 499 ) / abhiprAya yaha hai ki naitika jIvana athavA AcAra ke ina donoM prakAroM ke sAtha tAlamela biThAte hue jIvana para samatA ke prabhAva ko adhikAdhika saMvardhita kiyA jA sakatA hai| sadAcAra ke mArga para Age bar3hate hue sAmAjika vyavasthA ko sudRr3ha banA sakate haiM, balki vartamAna samAja ko samatAmaya Adarza samAja ke rUpa meM parivartita kara sakate haiN| vyAvahArika AcAra pAlana kI mukhya upAdeyatA yahI hai ki jana cetanA athavA samUhoM kI kArya paddhati ke samakSa naitikatA kA Adarza prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| evaM sakala mAnava samAja kA hita sAdhA jA sakatA hai| kisI bhI vyakti ke saMbaMdha meM ki vaha bhalA hai yA burA- sAmAnya jana usake bAhya AcaraNa ke anusAra hI apanA nirNaya detA hai, phira bhale hI usakI manovRttiyAM kaisI hI kyoM na ho? yaha sahI hai ki bAhya AcaraNa se vyAvahArika tathA sAmAjika zuddhi banI rahatI hai| saca yaha hai ki ekAnta dRSTikoNa nahIM rakhanA cAhiye tathA Antarika evaM bAhya naitikatA ko samanvita banAte hue calanA caahie| isa saMdarbha meM vaiyaktika tathA sAmAjika naitikatA ke apane-apane mahattva kA Akalana bhI kara lenA caahie| vaiyaktika naitikatA kI avadhAraNA ke saMbaMdha meM astitvavAdI vicAraka DaoN. hRdayanArAyaNa mizra kA kathana hai ki naitika Atma- astitva hI satya hai, vaha gatyAtmaka evaM udIyamAna hai| vaha vyakti ko satata mahanIyatA pradAna karatA hai| usakA jJAna hameM korA jJAna pradAna nahIM karatA, balki usake jJAna meM hamAre jIvana ko adhika UMcA aura mahAn banAne kI preraNA rahatI hai| (astittvavAda, pRSTha 74 ) / AcArAMga sUtra meM bhI yadyapi vaiyaktika mukti kA Atmahita ko hI jIvana kA lakSya mAnA gayA hai, tathApi usameM sAmAjika kalyANa ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| usameM yaha spaSTa kathana hai ki sAdhaka ko Atma kalyANa karate hue loka yA samAja kalyANa bhI karanA caahie| samadRSTA muni dharmopadeza ke dvArA pUrvAdi dizAoM meM sthita sabhI logoM ko kalyANa mArga dikhAtA hai (1-6-5) / AcArAMga meM lokahitArtha jina naitika sadguNoM kI carcA hai, vaha isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki sUtrakAra kI dRSTi vaiyaktika kalyANa taka hI sImita nahIM hai, apitu sAmAjika kalyANa taka phailI huI hai| kahA hai ki prANI mAtra ke prati kalyANa kAmanA se AplAvita hokara arhat pravacana kA prasphuTana hotA hai (1-4-1) / vaiyaktika dRSTi se naitikatA ke sAdhaka ko jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM samatA meM pratiSThita hone kI preraNA dI gaI hai - sAtha hI use samAja ke sabhI vargoM ke prati samatApUrNa vyavahAra karane kA sandeza bhI diyA gayA hai| cAhe vyakti 'yA saMgaThana, athavA gRhastha ho yA sAdhusabakA ekamAtra lakSya honA cAhie ki Adarza samatAvAdI samAja kI saMracanA ho aura tadanusAra naitika jIvana ko sva-svabhAva rUpa samatva kI prApti hita niyojita kiyA jaae| naitika mAnadaMDa dikhAte haiM naitika cetanA ke vikAsa ke stara : naitika mAnadaMDa naitika cetanA ke vikAsa kA pariNAma hai| naitika cetanA ke vikAsa kI tIna avasthAeM haiM 1. bAhya niyama : prAraMbhika avasthA meM bAhya niyamoM dvArA vyavahAra kA niyaMtraNa hotA hai| naitika nirNaya inhIM AdhAroM kA para diye jAte haiN| ye niyamopaniyama athavA vidhAna saMvidhAna vidhi-niSedha

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naitikatA bharA AcaraNa le jAtA hai sadAcAra ke mArga para mUlaka hote haiM ki kyA-kyA karanA cAhie aura kyA-kyA nahIM karanA caahie| paramparA meM Dhalakara ye niyamopaniyama rIti-rivAjoM ke rUpa meM pracalita ho jAte haiM jise pracalita naitikatA kaha sakate haiM aura usase nirdezita AcaraNa naitika AcaraNa mAnA jAtA hai| 2. Antarika niyama : naitika cetanA ke vikAsa kI yaha dUsarI avasthA hai ki bAhya niyamoM kA sthAna Antarika niyama le lete haiM aura ve hI manuSya ke naitika niyamoM kI kasauTI bana jAte haiN| taba vaha bAhya Adeza ke baMdhana se mukta ho jAtA hai| ise vidhAnavAda bhI kahate haiM, kyoMki yaha Antarika niyama yA vidhAna para hI bala detA hai| yaha Antarika pramApaka hotA hai| 3. sAdhyamUlaka niyama : naitika jAgRti kI tRtIya avasthA meM vidhi-mUlaka naitikatA kA sthAna eka navIna vicAra grahaNa kara letA hai aura yaha sAdhya yA uddezya-mUlaka vicAra hotA hai| taba sAdhya, uddezya yA prayojana ko kendra meM rakhakara naitikatA ke niyama banAye jAte haiN| yoM vidhAnavAda ke sthAna para sAdhyavAda A jAtA hai aura nIti bhI yAnI naitikatA, caritra, AcAra, AcaraNa Adi vaidhAnika ke sthAna para sAdhyamUlaka ho jAtI hai| naitika nirNaya una karmoM yAnI pravRttiyoM para diyA jAtA hai, jinheM buddhijIvI varga svataMtratApUrvaka calAtA hai| naitika nirNaya kA viSaya svecchAkRta karma hotA hai| isa svecchAkRta karma kI naitikatA kI jAMca ke liye jo AdhAra nirdhArita kiye jAte haiM, ve hI kahalAte haiM-naitikatA ke mAnadaMDa yAnI ki naitikatA mApaka aadhaar| kisI bhI kArya ke zubhAzubhatva kI naitikatA kA mUlyAMkana taba taka nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai jaba taka ki usake pramApaka mAnadaMDa nirdhArita na ho| kyA zubha hai aura kyA azubha hai athavA kyA ucita hai aura kyA anucita-isakA nirNaya mAnadaMDoM kI rozanI meM hI liyA jAtA hai| ina naitikatA ke pracalita mAnadaMDoM meM ullekhanIya haiM1. vidhAnavAda : (jAtIya, sAmAjika, vaidhAnika, dhArmika Adi) jahAM pAzcAtya dRSTikoNa naitikatA ke AdhAra ke liye bAhya niyamoM para bala detA hai, vahAM paurvAtya dRSTikoNa antarAtmA ko pramukha mAnatA hai| usakA mata hai ki jaba taka svayaM kA anta:karaNa pavitra nahIM bana jAtA hai, taba taka bAhya AdhAroM, AcaraNoM tathA niyamoM kA mUlya nhiiN| 2. vikAsavAda : pAzcAtya dArzanika harbarTa speMsara kA siddhAnta vikAsavAda yA sukhavAda ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| speMsara naitika niyamoM ko jaivika vikAsa ke siddhAntoM ke sAtha jor3atA hai| vikAsavAdI mAnate haiM ki naitikatA jIva ke kramika vikAsa kA pariNAma hai aura vikAsa kI avasthA meM naitikatA sApekSa hotI hai-naitikatA nirapekSa ho sakatI hai pUrNa vikasita jIvana meM hii| jo pratikriyAeM jIvana ko adhika vikasita banAtI haiM ve naitika haiM tathA jo usameM avarodha utpanna karatI hai, ve anaitika haiN| ata: jIvana rakSaNa kI pravRtti ko naitika jIvana kA sAdhya mAnanA cAhie jo usakA naitika pratimAna ho| pratyeka prANI meM AtmarakSaNa evaM jIne kI svAbhAvika pravRtti hotI hai| isa kAraNa se acchA AcaraNa jIvanavardhaka hotA hai aura burA AcaraNa mRtyu yA jIvana vinAza kA kAraNa (DeTA oNpha ethiksa, pRSTha 191) / sukhavAda meM sukhAbhAsa para nahIM, zAzvata sukha para dharma siddhAntoM ne adhika bala diyA hai| inameM isa prakAra ke sukha varNita haiM-sAmpatika, kAma, bhoga, 221

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sucaritram zubha bhoga, Arogya, dIrghAyu, saMtoSa, niSkramaNa, Astitva evaM avyAbAdha sukh| parantu rAga bhAva yA kAma vAsanA ko samApta karane para hI sacce sukha kI prApti ho sakatI hai| arati yA Asakti se nivRtta hokara sAdhaka kSaNa bhara meM mukta ho jAtA hai| kAma vAsanAoM ko jIta lo, duHkha dUra ho jAyegA (kAme kamAhi kamiyaM khu dukkhaM-dazavaikAlika sUtra 2-10) / 3. buddhiparatAvAda : sukhavAda AtmA ke bhAvanAtmaka pakSa para jora detA hai to buddhiparatAvAda AtmA ke bauddhika pakSa pr| vartamAna yuga meM isa vAda kA pravartaka hai pAzcAtya dArzanika kAMTa, jisake anasAra bauddhika saMkalpa yA sadicchA (gaDa vila) hI jIvana kA parama zabha hai| sadicchA bauddhika hai aura usakA artha sadbhAvanA nahIM, kartavya buddhi hai| yaha nirapekSa naitika buddhi hai| 4.AtmapUrNatAvAda : AtmapUrNatAvAda kA siddhAnta nItizAstra yA naitikatA kI dRSTi se AtmasiddhivAda, Atma-sAkSAtkAravAda, Atma kalyANavAda Adi nAmoM se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| yaha AtmapUrNatA ko hI naitika jIvana kA carama Adarza mAnatA hai| ise karma ke zubhAzubhatva ke mUlyAMkana ke liye antima mAnadaMDa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra pAzcAtya evaM bhAratIya sabhI mokSalakSI AcAra darzana kisI na kisI rUpa meM pUrNatAvAda kA samarthana karate haiN| nItizAstrIya naitikatA evaM Adhunika manovijJAna kA gaharA saMbaMdha : Adhunika manovijJAna kA nItizAstrIya naitikatA ke sAtha gaharA saMbaMdha hai, kyoMki manovijJAna tathyoM ke AdhAra para vicAra karatA hai to nItizAstra AdarzoM ke AdhAra pr| manovijJAna logoM ke AcaraNa, saMskAra tathA AdatoM kA vizleSaNa karatA hai to naitikatA dvArA AcaraNa kI saMhitA banAI jAtI hai| jIvana kI vAstavika prakRti kA anveSaka hotA hai manovijJAna to nItizAstrIya naitikatA jIvana mUlyoM tathA sAdhya ko vyavahAra meM kAryAnvita karane kI vyavasthA kA nirdhAraNa karatI hai| donoM ke bIca aise saMbaMdha ko gaharA saMbaMdha hI kahA jaaegaa| hamakoM kyA karanA cAhie yaha naitikatA kA viSaya hai kintu yaha saba nirdhArita karane ke lie pahale yaha jAnanA jarUrI hai ki hama haiM kyA, hama kyA kara sakate haiM va kyA nahIM tathA hamArI yogyatAoM tathA kSamatAoM kA vartamAna stara kyA hai, jo ki manovijJAna kA viSaya hai| yoM donoM vijJAna paraspara isa taraha jur3e hue haiM ki unheM ekadama alaga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| __isa gahare saMbaMdha ke viSaya ko eka udAharaNa ke mAdhyama se samajhane kA yatna kreN| nItizAstra meM duHkha kA mUla kAraNa mAnA gayA hai rAga, dveSa, moha va kaSAyoM kI prbltaa| rAga se moha saghana hotA hai| jisake prati rAga hai, use chor3akara anya ke sAtha dveSa kI vRtti jAgatI hai tathA rAga-dveSa ke saMgharSaNa se vividha kaSAyoM kI ghAtaka vRttiyAM mana-mAnasa ko vikRtiyoM se bhara detI hai| dveSa kI apekSA bhI rAga kA ghanatva adhika hotA hai ataH rAga ke kSaya (naSTa) ho jAne para use vItarAga mAnA gayA, kyoMki rAga ke kSaya ho jAne para dveSa svayameva hI naSTa ho jAtA hai| vRttiyoM kI samApti kaise ho- isake upAyoM kA vizleSaNa kiyA jAnA cAhie jo eka manovaijJAnika kasarata hogii| AcArAMga meM isake maulika AdhAra sUtra kA vivecana hai aura yaha sUtra hai aprmaad| pramAda kA artha hotA hai Alasya aura isakA viloma 222

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naitikatA bharA AcaraNa le jAtA hai sadAcAra ke mArga para hogA sphUrti yA sajagatA, ataH apramAda kA artha hai aatm-jaagRti| manuSya ke mana-mAnasa para jaba kaSAya-vRttiyAM AkramaNa karatI haiM to manuSya bhayabhIta ho jAtA hai ki pAsa kA kucha kho jAe yA usakI vajaha se koI naI vipadA na A jaae| isa bhaya sthiti ko apramatta avasthA dUra detI hai| jabaki apramatta ko kisI prakAra kA bhaya nahIM rahatA (savvao pamattassa bhayaM, savvao apamattassa Natthi bhayaM-AcArAMga, 1-3-4) / buddha bhI yahI kahate haiM ki pramAda mRtyu hai aura apramAda amaratA hai, jAgarUka ko kahIM bhaya nahIM hotA (dhmmpd-21)| apramatta avasthA saMyama ke sAtha jur3atI hai aura naitika jIvana, AcaraNa zuddhi tathA caritra gaThana ke bAda meM hI saMyama kI avasthA AraMbha ho sakatI hai| saca kaheM to mAnasika zuddhikaraNa ke liye AcAra vidhi yA caritra nirmANa ke sAtha manovaijJAnika vidhi acchI kAragara ho sakatI hai| naitikatA kA atikramaNa le jAtA hai Asakti evaM baMdhana se mukti taka : samajheM ki eka relagAr3I ko dillI se muMbaI jAnA hai to vaha rAste ke sAre sTezanoM se gujara kara hI anta meM muMbaI pahuMca sakatI hai| usakI maMjila hogI muMbaI, kintu bIca ke sabhI sTezanoM ko pAra karanA par3atA hai| yoM eka-eka sTezana kA atikramaNa karate hue hI relagAr3I apanI maMjila taka pahuMcatI hai| isI taraha jIvana kI relagAr3I bhI calatI hai aura ise bhI maMjila taka pahuMcane ke liye bIca ke staroM ke liye taiyArI bhI karanI hotI hai to Age bar3hane ke liye unakA atikramaNa bhI karanA hotA hai| jaise naitikatA kI prApti, caritra nirmANa athavA sadAcAra ke mArga para saMcaraNa-ye saba maMjila ke bIca ke bindu hai| jaba AcaraNa pUrNataH naitika ho jAtA hai, sucArU caritra gaThita ho jAtA hai yA sadAcAra ke mArga para gatyAtmakatA bar3ha jAtI hai to Age ke staroM taka pahuMcane kA prayAsa karanA hotA hai| isa prayAsa ke samakSa A jAtI hai maMjila kI jhlk| jaba naitikatA atikramita hotI hai to nara meM nArAyaNatva kI rUparekhA ubhara AtI hai aura jaba sadAcAra kI sahaja upalabdhi ho jAtI hai to paramAtma darzana kI avasthA A jAtI hai| yoM naitikatA kA atikramaNa Asakti Adi sabhI prakAra ke baMdhanoM se mukti kI ora le jAtA hai| isake staroM ko samajhie manuSya pahale pazutva ke gurUtvAkarSaNa se nikalA to gati Age bddh'ii| mAnavatA ke kSetra meM pArasparika dAyitva nirvAha se dRSTi aura sRSTi vistRta huI to jIvana kA pariSkAra huA aura devatva kI camaka ubhrii| apane Upara lade RNoM kA mocana kiyA to nirbhAra huA aura taba naitikatA ke atikramaNa kI sTeja A gii| isa sTeja para rAga, moha, lagAva ghaTane aura haTane lagA tathA virAga (DiTecameMTa) kA daura zurU huA, anAsakti kI bayAra bahI aura isa prakAra naitikatA kA atikramaNa le jAtA hai Asakti evaM baMdhana se mukti tk| ___ yahAM yaha samajhie ki virAga yA anAsakti yA DiceTameMTa kyA hotA hai? maiM aisA hU~-vaisA hU~ yaha merA hai-yaha baMdhana hai, aTecameMTa hai, rAga aura moha hai| isa 'maiM' ke baMdhana haiM1. deha : apane zarIra kA mamatva sarvAdhika prabala hotA hai| 2. geha : ghara-sampatti kA svAmitva bhI manuSya ko khUba AkarSita karatA hai| 223

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sucaritram 3. kalatra : apanI patnI yA premikA ke prati vyakti kA moha kaI sImAoM kA ullaMghana bhI kara detA hai| 4. putra : santAna moha kI misAla bhI anokhI hotI hai| 5. vitta : dhana kamAne aura usake prati Asakti rakhane meM manuSya pUrI jindagI barabAda kara detA hai aura __pazcAttApa taka nahIM krtaa| 6. pada : vaha pada ko kartavya nirvAha kI bAta kama aura apane ahaMkAra ko AjamAne kA kSetra jyAdA mAnatA hai| 7. pratiSThA : logoM ke bIca meM phailane vAlI apane varcasva va yaza ko bahuta mahattva diyA jAtA hai aura taba saccA-jhUThA koI prazna usake liye pratiSThA kA prazna bana jAtA hai| isa prakAra manuSya jIvana kI ye sAta gAMTha haiM jo use bAMdhe hI nahIM balki jakar3e rahatI hai| ina gAMThoM ko kaise kholeM yAnI ki Asakti Adi ke baMdhanoM se kaise mukti pAveM? yaha zuddha rUpa se bhAvanAtmaka samasyA hai aura bhAvanA ke stara para hI isakA samAdhAna hai| virAga, anAsakti yA DiTecameMTa kA krama zurU hote hI yaha bhAvanA jar3a pakar3a le ki maiM yaha saba (baMdhana kI sAtoM gAMThe) nahI hU~ (AI ema disa nott)| isake sAtha jar3a cetana graMthi par3a jAyegI-phira 'yaha' saba (disa) se mAnasika, bhautika evaM zArIrika rUpa se vilaga (DiTeca) ho jAo-nAtA tor3a lo aura mAtra dRSTA (oNbjarvara) bana jaao| gaharAI se dekheM to aise virAga kI jhalaka Apako bhArata kI sAMskRtika paramparA meM milatI hai| kisI sAdhu se usakI jAti pUchoM to vaha yahI kahegA ki yaha deha pahale amuka jAti kI kahalAtI thii| kavi ne bhI cetAyA hai ki 'jAti na pUchiye sAdhu se|' kisI ko pUche ki Apake kitane bacce haiM, vaha javAba degA ki bacce mere nahIM bhagavAn ke haiN| abhiprAya yaha hai ki sampUrNa baMdhana mukti ke liye maiM (AI) aura mere (mAI) ko chor3eM-mamatva tyAga deM tathA svayaM (selpha) ko jaane-phcaane| yaha nijatva bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai-1. vaiyaktika (iMDivIjyuala) aura 2. vaizvika (yUnIvarsala) taba svayaM ko ekAgratA (meDITezana) meM niyojita kara deM taba sva-svabhAva kI prApti ke sAtha aisA halkApana mahasUsa hogA jaise ki Upara uTha rahe ho| yahI antima stara hotA hai ki maMjila taka pahuMcane kA, mukti kA, khudI se khudA evaM AtmA se paramAtmA kA sthAna pAne kaa| to naitika AcaraNa, caritra nirmANa yA AcAra zuddhi kI vaha sTeja hai, jahAM se sabase UMcI ur3Ana bharI jA sakatI hai| mAnava jIvana kA vyAvahArika pahalU ithiksa hai to usakA dArzanika chora hai meTAphijiksa aura inake nArsa ko jo banAe rakhatA hai, vaha apane jIvana meM 'naoNrmala' banA rahatA hai-sukha tathA duHkha meM samatva yogI kI taraha ho jAtA hai| yahI samatA use sAdhya taka pahuMcAtI hai| sadAcAra aura samatva jIvana kA vaha prakAza hai jo AtmA ko sampUrNa prakAzamaya banAtA hai aura banAe rakhatA hai| naitika jIvana sarala sukhamaya hotA hai kintu use sAdhanA saccA puruSArtha hai: nIti arthAt naitikatA evaM dharma ko apanAye binA vyaktitva kA nirmANa saMbhava nahIM hai| saca to yaha hai ki dharma kA AraMbha hI naitikatA ke sAtha honA caahie| vastutaH dharma kI nIMva meM hI nIti hogI tabhI dharma Age clegaa| Ajakala dharma kI lambI-caur3I bAteM to kI jAtI haiM, para jIvana ke hara kSetra 224

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naitikatA bharA AcaraNa le jAtA hai sadAcAra ke mArga para se naitikatA vilupta hotI jA rahI hai| nijI saMbaMdhoM meM, vyApAra-vyavasAya meM aura rAjanIti-arthanIti meM nItigata bAteM mahattvahIna hone lagI haiN| pahale rAjanIti kA matalaba sevA aura kartavya batalAyA jAtA thA, parantu Aja rAjanIti mAtra sattA yA siyAsata ke liye hI bana kara raha gaI hai| deza isIliye patana kI ora jA rahA hai| nijI svArtha aura lobha ke khAtira khudagarjI itanI bar3ha gaI hai ki dharma-adharma yA nIti-anIti ke bheda hI khatma hote jA rahe haiN| isI kAraNa Aja naitika dharAtala majabUta banAne kI sakhta jarUrata hai| nIti ke binA dharma aura dharma ke binA vyaktitva nirmANa kI saMbhAvanA nahIM mAnI jA sakatI hai| . naitikatA aura dharma kA marma samabhAva yA samatA meM chipA huA hai| zubha yA azubha pahale bhAvanAoM se tolA jAtA hai| mana jahAM viSamatAoM se bharA ho, samajhiye ki vahIM para anIti hai, adharma hai| mana meM kaI taraha ke vikAroM kI gaMdagI viSamatAoM kI paricAyaka hotI hai aura jise dUra kie binA samatA kI sAdhanA saMbhava nhiiN| vyakti kA aparAdha mAtra usakI kriyA se hI sAbita nahIM hotA, balki usake Azaya (iMTezana) ko pramANita karanA hotA hai| vastusthiti yaha hai ki AcaraNa meM Dhala kara hI naitikatA paripuSTa banatI hai| AcaraNa ko nItimaya evaM dharmamaya banAne meM satata jAgarUkatA jarUrI hotI hai| AtmakalyANa ke sAtha janakalyANa kI bhAvanA bhI usase spaSTa honI caahiye| tabhI sabhI prakAra ke svArthoM aura khAsakara kIrti lAbha ke svArtha se bhI Upara uThA jA sakatA hai aura nirliptatA kI anubhUti lI jA sakatI hai| ___ kintu vartamAna paristhitiyAM atIva hI cintanIya banI huI hai| merI rAya to sApha hai ki cAritrika patana ko Aja kA sabase bar3A sAMskRtika khatarA mAnA jAnA cAhie tathA isa cAritrika patana koM nyUnatama samaya meM rokane ke liye sAdhu santoM aura gRhasthoM ko eka dUsare kA pUraka mAnate hue pArasparika niyaMtraNa kI vyavasthA mAnya karanI caahie| nIti, caritra tathA dharma se saMbaMdhita sabhI prakAra kI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna kA yaha rAmabANa upAya hai ki sva (AtmA) ke prati samApta hokara para (anya) evaM para-padArthoM ke prati apane rAga aura vyAmoha ko galA deN| taba nirapekSa bhAva se nikAlA gayA koI bhI samAdhAna avazyameva phaladAyaka hogaa| . Aja mAnava apane asalI ghara ko nahIM pahacAna kara kevala IMTa-cUne-sImeMTa se bane ghara ko hI sajAne-saMvArane meM lagA huA hai| itanA hI nahIM, usI meM rahakara nirbhayatA mahasUsa karane kI vaha vyartha ceSTA bhI kara rahA hai| vaha bhramagrasta hai| use apane asalI ghara ko pahacAnanA hogA-jIvana ke sAdhya ko jAnanA hogaa| bAhara hI bAhara sukha kI khoja kI jA rahI hai jabaki usakA nivAsa to svayaM ke hI antarmana meM hai| lekina isa khoja ko kAmayAba banAne ke liye AcaraNa ko naitika tathA caritra ko sugaThita banAkara sadAcAra evaM samatA mArga para sarvakalyANa kI bhAvanA ke sAtha Age bar3hanA hogaa| jaba 'maiM' aura 'maiM hI saba kucha hU~' kA ahaMkAra miTegA aura rAga bhAva dUra hogA tabhI jIvana naitika bana skegaa| dhyAna rakheM ki naitika jIvana kA sukha apAra hotA hai aura usakI saralatama ati AnandadAyaka, kintu use sAdhane meM sacce puruSArtha kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| 225

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caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA meM phUTate haiM AcAra ke kaise-kaise AkAra? sat, citta evaM Ananda hetu cintana ho UrdhvagAmI rAjakumAra araNika kI Ayu kama thI, lekina eka "pravacana sunane ke uparAnta hI unakI bhAvanAoM kA Avega aisA bahA ki unhoMne parivAra, sattA, sampatti saba kucha tyAga kara sAdhu bana jAne kA nizcaya kara liyaa| nizcaya bhI aisA ki rAjA va rAnI dvArA bhAMti-bhAMti se samajhAe jAne ke bAda bhI jo nahIM bdlaa| ulTA rAjakumAra ne apane nizcaya kI puSTi meM aisA tarka diyA ki mAtApitA ko hAra mAnanI pdd'ii| rAjakumAra ne dalIla dI ki kisI ghara meM Aja Aga lagI ho aura use pAMca dina Thahara kara bujhAne kI bAta kahI jAe to kyA vaha ucita hogI? mAtA-pitA kA apane putra ke prati moha itanA adhika thA ki unhoMne bhI putra ke sAtha saba kucha tyAga kara dIkSita ho jAnA samucita smjhaa| dIkSA ke bAda rAnI to sAdhviyoM ke saMgha meM alaga vicaraNa karane lagI kintu sAdhu avasthA meM bhI rAjA ne rAjakumAra kA sAtha nahIM chodd'aa| bhikSA lAne se lekara sabhI sAdhu caryA ke putra ke kArya bhI pitA hI karate aura putra kI sukha-suvidhA ko pUrA saMrakSaNa dete| yoM muni araNika kI kizorakAlIna komalatA yathAvat banI rhii| kintu eka dina kAla ne pitA kA saMrakSaNa china liyA 226

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caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA meM phUTate haiM AcaraNa ke kaise - kaise AkAra ?

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caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA meM phUTate haiM AcAra ke kaise-kaise AkAra ? aura sAdhu caryA kA dAyitva sIdhA araNika muni para A gyaa| guru ne unheM dUra kI bastI se bhikSA lAne kA Adeza diyaa| munigaNa vanaprAnta meM eka saghana vRkSa ke nIce Thahare hue the| muni araNika kASTha pAtra lekara bhikSArtha usa bastI kI ora cale / abhI unhoMne yauvana kI deharI para pAMva rakhA hI thA aura komalatA ke sAtha unakI rUpa rAzi bhI khila rahI thii| vaha garamI kA majha mausama thaa| dopahara kA sUrya apane prakharatApa se Aga ke jalate hue gole kI taraha mahasUsa ho rahA thA / AsamAna aura dharatI donoM uttApita the aura muni araNika apane khule sira se naMge pAMva taka jaise jalate aMgAroM ko jhela rahe the / tApa kaSTa kA unakA yaha pahalA anubhava thaa| phapholoM se bhare pAMvoM ke sAtha kisI taraha ve bastI taka pahuMce aura eka aTTAlikA kI chAMva meM do pala khar3e raha kara vizrAma karane lge| kahAM kaba kyA gujarane vAlA hai- pahale patA nahIM cltaa| vaha aTTAlikA eka vezyA kI thI aura jharokhe meM baiThe baiThe usane yuvaka muni kI vyagratA bhAMpa lI vyagratA hI nahIM bhAMpI, unakI anupama rUpa rAzi para vaha vyAmohita bhI ho gii| pahalI hI dRSTi meM vezyA ke bhItara saba kucha samA gayA aura usane pUrI yojanA gar3ha lii| vaha bhAgI bhAgI nIce AI aura muni se abhyarthanA kI ki ve Upara cala kara vizrAma kre| muni cauMke mujhe vizrAma nahIM karanA, nirdoSa ne nivedana kiyA- bhikSA bhI to Upara hI 'milegI muni Upara gaye, khasakhasa kI gIlI TATiyoM se zItalatA aura sugaMdha kA sukha baha rahA thA / usa samaya kauna jAnatA thA aura kyA svayaM muni bhI jAnate the ki ve usa aTTAlikA ke Upara jo Aye haiM, vApisa nIce nahIM utara pAyeMge ? mana bhI kyA hotA hai, jo kabhI heya samajha kara eka sthiti kA tyAga kara detA hai, phira kabhI usI ko pA lene ke liye lAlAyita ho uThatA hai? muni ke sAmane pahalA hI kaSTa AyA uSNatA ke rUpa meM aura isI uSNatA ne araNika muni ke tana ko hI nahIM, mana ko bhI burI taraha se jhakajhora diyaa| ve vezyA ke bAhupAza meM jakar3e jAkara vahIM raha gaye - tyAgI se bhogI bana kara / apane putra muni ke patita ho jAne kA saMvAda sunakara rAnI sAdhvI pAgala sI ho gaI aura 'beTA araNika, beTA araNika' cillAtI huI apane putra ko khojane nagara-nagara aura galI-galI ghUmane lgii| vahI aTTAlikA aura vahI jharokhA- araNika apanI priyA vezyA ke sAtha caupar3a pAzA khela rahe the aura nIce se beTe ke nAma kI guhAra lagAtI huI rAnI sAdhvI niklii| mAM kA cira paricita zabda kyA nahIM pahacAna pAtA putra araNika / vaha cauMkA-mAM kA yaha vihvala svara kyA usa kI hI durdazA para ArttanAda to nahIM kara rahA ? eka jhaTake ke sAtha vaha uThA aura nIce Akara sAdhvI mAM ke caraNoM meM gira pdd'aa| yaha tumane kyA kara diyA, putra- mAM jaise cIkha rahI thI aisI cIkha jo araNika ke kAnoM meM ghusakara hajAra gunI tIvra bana gaI ho| mAM! maiM patita ho gayA- maiM isakA kaThora prAyazcitta karUMgA- itane hI bola phUTa sake araNika ke ruMdhe hue kaMTha se / eka varSa bIta gayA thA - phira vahI jhulasA dene vAlI garmI thI / araNika jaba usa garma reta para daMDavat mAM sAdhvI ke caraNoM meM loTa rahA thA taba usa samaya use vaha garma reta saMsAra kI sabase adhika zItala vastu lagI, kyoMki pazcAtApa kI Aga jo usake mana meM jala uThI thI, vaha usa garma reta se hajAroM-hajAra gunI jyAdA garma jo thI / bhogI araNika pala bhara meM punaH tyAgI araNika bana gayA aura sAdhutA se mana ko punaH pAvana banA kara prAyazcitta hetu nikala par3A / 227

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sucaritram sUrya ke pracaMDa tApa se tapta agni piMDa ke samAna jalatI huI parvata zilA para pahuMca kara muni araNika ne dhyAna dhAraNa kiyA, prAyazcitta se apane patana kI kAlimA ko dho DAlane ke liye| tapI huI dharatI para naMge pAMva dharane ke kaSTa ne jise vihvala kara diyA thA, vahI aba agni piMDa para baiTha kara bhI Atma-dhyAna meM ekAgra aura aDiga bana gayA thaa| kaThora prAyazcitta aura bhAvanA ke sAtha muni araNika ne apane mana ko matha DAlA thA aura usase saMyama kA jo navanIta nikalA use pAkara unakI AtmA parama Ananda meM vibhora ho gii| tapa kara svarNa nirmala va pradIpta kundana bana gyaa| kitane uchalate hue utsAha se saba kucha tyAga diyA thA caritra nirmANa ke uddezya ke liye rAjakumAra araNika ne, kintu nirmANa kI usa prakriyA meM kitane banate, bigar3ate, badalate raMga bikhare aura antataH prakriyA ne kaisA jaTila rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA-ina ghaTanAoM para gaMbhIra cintana calanA cAhie, mana kI vividha avasthAoM kA bArIkI se adhyayana kiyA jAnA cAhie aura niSkarSa nikAlanA cAhie ki caritra nirmANa kI prAthamika prakriyA hI savicArita evaM saghaDa ho| saphalatA ke liye yaha Avazyaka hai ki nirmANa kI prakriyA ke daurAna AcAra ke badaraMga AkAra na phuutteN| AcAra ko eka bindu mAneM to usake Age hai zubhAcAra aura pIche hai azubhAcAra : AcAra yA caritra antarAtmA kA eka sAmarthya hotA hai jisako AcaraNa yA nirmANa prakriyA meM lekara satprayoga athavA duSprayoga ke mArga se use zubhatva athavA azubhatva meM pariNata kiyA jAtA hai| yaha sAmarthya sabako prApta hotA hai pUrva saMskAroM se, vaMzAnugatatA se aura vAtAvaraNa se| isa sAmarthya ko zubhatA meM pravRtta karane yA azubhatA se zubhatA kI dizA meM bar3hAne meM jo prayukta kiyA jAtA hai, vaha puruSArtha kA viSaya hai| caritra ke satprayoga kA artha zubhatA hai aura duSprayoga azubhatA meM use patita banAtA hai| ataH isI dRSTi se caritra nirmANa kA amita mahattva hai| cAhate sabhI zabha haiM kinta Avazyaka mAnasikatA ke nirmita na hone se ve kArya azubhatA ke karate rahate haiM, kyoMki aneka pratikUla kAraNoM se unakI vRttiyA~ evaM pravRttiyA~ azubhatA kI kAlimA se raMga jAtI hai| isa kAraNa caritra nirmANa kA kArya hI mahattvapUrNa nahIM hotA, usakI prakriyA meM bhI satarkatA kA usase bhI adhika mahattva hai| ___ AcAra zuddhi athavA caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA prAraMbha karane se pahale zubhatA evaM azubhatA ke kSetroM kI sahI pahacAna kara lenI cAhie tathA yaha gaharAI se jAna lenA cAhie ki zubhatA ke vikAsa kI UMcAiyAM kaisI hai aura azubhatA ke patana kI gaharAiyAM kaisI? zubhatA ke kSetra meM AcAra zaddhi ke caraNa kramikatA se isa prakAra utthAnagAmI banate haiM1. ziSTAcAra : apanI sabhyatA kI abhivyakti vyAvahArika ziSTatA se hI ho sakatI hai| yaha ziSTatA hI pArasparika vyavahAra ko sarala sneha se jor3atI hai aura use ghaniSThatA taka le jAtI hai| 2. zuddhAcAra : pArasparika vyavahAra meM abhimAna, chala, kapaTa Adi kI kASAyika vRtti na ho, usameM saralatA aura sahayoga kA bhAva ho to vaha zuddhAcAra khlaaegaa| zuddhAcAra pahale svayaM kI duSpravRttiyoM kA pariSkAra karatA hai, tabhI dUsaroM ko apanI zuddhatA se prabhAvita banAtA hai| zuddhatA sarvatra zreSTha vAtAvaraNa racatI hai| 228

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caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA meM phUTate haiM AcAra ke kaise-kaise AkAra? 3. sadAcAra : naitikatA aura AcaraNa meM utArane para AcAra yA caritra meM jahAM zuddhatA kA saMcAra hotA hai, vahIM usakI dhArA sadAcAra kI ora mur3a jAtI hai| sadAcAra kI sIr3hiyAM AtmA ko utthAna kI UMcAI taka le jAtI hai aura use zreSThatA se gauravAnvita banAtI hai| sadAcAra kevala vyakti kA hI utthAna-upAya nahIM hai, balki isakA vaizvika mahattva bhI utanA hI hai-parivAra, samAja, rASTra, vizva aura pUrA prANI samudAya isase suprabhAvita hotA hai| ataH sadAcAra ko jIvana kA dhyeya bhI kaha sakate haiN| 4. zrAvakAcAra : sadAcAra ke mArga kA pahalA mIla kA patthara hotA hai shraavkaacaar| AcAra kA mithyAtva dUra hone para vahAM samyaktva kA anubhava hotA hai aura vaha satya se sambaddha hotA hai| taba gRhastha ko apanA jIvana caritramaya yA sadAcAramaya banAne ke liye jina vratoM ko grahaNa karanA hotA hai, unakI gaNanA zrAvakAcAra rUpa meM kI jAtI hai| zrAvaka kA vrata sAdhu (zramaNa) se choTA hotA hai, kintu mUlasvarUpa meM samAnatA hotI hai, kyoMki zrAvakAcAra kI antima pariNati zramaNAcAra ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotI hai| zrAvakAcAra pRSThabhUmi banAtA hai| 5. zramaNAcAra : pAMca mahAvratoM kA apanAkara zramaNa ahiMsA kA sampUrNa rUpa se pAlana karatA hai| ahiMsA aura satya kA sampUrNa pAlana use lokakalyANa kA svarUpa pradAna karatA hai| vaha sarvabhUta prANI kA rakSaka hotA hai| zramaNAcAra kA niSThApUrvaka pAlana karate hue zramaNa devatva kI garimA se Age bar3ha kara mukti ke sAdhya taka bhI pahuMca sakatA hai| zramaNAcAra meM sadAcAra kA utkRSTatama rUpa vikasita hotA hai| aba azubhatA ke kSetra kI pahacAna kara leM, jisa ora manuSya vaibhAvika dazA meM jaldI mur3a jAtA hai aura bebhAna bana kara eka-eka sIr3hI girate hue patana kI gaharAI meM DUba jAtA hai| AcAra ke pIche mur3ane vAle kadama isa prakAra ho sakate haiM1. aziSTAcAra : pUrva saMskAroM Adi meM azubhatA ghulI huI ho aura phira vAtAvaraNa Adi bhI azubha mila jAe, taba vahAM sabhyatA aura ziSTatA ke darzana durlabha hote haiN| azubhatA se aziSTatA hI paidA hotI hai| yaha aziSTatA pArasparika vyavahAra ko kaTu evaM vidveSa pUrNa banA detI hai tathA ahaMkAra . Adi ke prayoga se ekatA ko phUTa meM badalatI rahatI hai| aziSTatA ko koI bhI pasanda nahIM karatA yahAM taka svayaM aziSTa vyavahAra karane vAlA bhI nhiiN| lekina azubhatA meM AMkheM baMda rahatI haiN| 2. azuddhAcAra : aziSTatA se zuddhatA kI AzA hI nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| aziSTa vyakti kA vyavahAra sadA azaddha hI rahegA, kyoMki vaha socatA kucha aura hai, kahatA kacha aura tathA karatA kacha aura hai| azuddhatA se usa vyakti kA durjanatA ke kSetra meM praveza ho jAtA hai| usakA jIvana azuddha aura durguNI bana jAtA hai| 3. durAcAra : AcAra jaba azuddha ho jAtA hai to vaha duSTa hue binA nahIM rhtaa| 'su' kA lebala haTA to 'du' kA lebala lagegA hii| apanI svArtha pUrti ke liye vaise AcAra para koI niyaMtraNa nahIM rahatA, vaha svacchaMda bana kara para-pIr3aka bana jAtA hai| AcAra ke pahale jaba 'duH' laga jAtA hai to koI 229

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sucaritram 230 durguNa nahIM bacatA jo use jakar3a nahIM letA / durAcAra usa durAcArI vyakti ke liye hI nahIM, pUre samAja ke liye ghAtaka ho jAtA hai| 4. kadAcAra : durAcAra usase bhI bhayaMkara kadAcAra kA rUpa le letA hai jo adhika mAyAvI aura kapaTapUrNa rUpa lekara bhISaNa pariNAma prakaTa karane vAlA bana jAtA hai| kadAcArI saMsthAoM - saMgaThanoM ke sAtha hI aise lampaTa kArya karatA hai ki unase vikSobha phailatA hai| 5. anAcAra : jaba AcAra kA sAmarthya hI zUnya ho jAtA hai, taba vaha AcAra vihInatA manuSya ko rAkSasa banA detI hai| usake bhItara se sadguNoM kA lopa ho jAtA hai aura dayA mayA samApta ho jAtI hai / vaha krUra aura nirmama banakara mAnava aura mAnavatA kA vinAza karatA hai / 6. pApAcAra : AcArahInatA ko pApapaMka ke sivAya aura kyA milegA ki jisameM apanI sArI pahacAna ko Dubo kara pApI bana jAne kA kAlA TIkA lagA le| dina-rAta pApAcAra meM DUba jAne vAlA vyakti sAmAjika evaM mAnavatA ke mUlyoM ke liye khatarA bana jAtA hai| 7. atyAcAra : durAcAra, anAcAra aura pApAcAra manuSya se sArI manuSyatA chIna lete haiM aura use nara rAkSasa banA dete haiN| vaha kAraNavaza aura adhikatara akAraNa hI durbala vargoM kA damana karatA hai, unakA zoSaNa karatA hai aura unheM nRzaMsatApUrvaka utpIr3ita karatA hai / atyAcAra kA pAtra jaba koI zAsaka yA prabhAvazAlI nihita svArthI vyakti ho jAtA hai, taba to zAsitoM va adhInasthoM para jaise kahara hI TUTa par3atA hai| 8. bhraSTAcAra : AcArahInatA kA Adhunika rUpa hai bhraSTAcAra arthAt jisakA AcAra karttavya se bhaTaka kara bhraSTa ho jAtA hai| yaha hakIkata meM lokataMtrI zAsana kI upaja hai jisameM nirvAcita jana pratinidhi zAsana ke sevakoM - naukarazAhoM ke sAtha milakara janatA kA dhana lUTate haiM aura apanI tijoriyAM bharate haiM - phira dhana bala, bAhu bala yA chala bala se cunAva jIta kara sattA hathiyAte rahate haiN| Aja isa bhArata jaise dharmadRSTi vAle deza meM bhI yaha bhraSTAcAra jisa kadara phailA hai ki zAsana kA koI konA bhraSTatA se zAyada na bacA ho| yaha bhraSTAcAra kA gaTara Upara se lekara TheTha nIce taka isa taraha baha rahA hai ki sabhI usameM DubakiyAM lagA kara khuza ho rahe haiM aura lokataMtra ko badanAma kara rahe haiN| jaba caritra nirmANa kI bAta kI jAtI hai to bhraSTAcAra kI hI samasyA ubhara kara sabase bar3I dikhAI detI hai| yoM caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA meM jaba juTate haiM to AcAra ke ina raMga badaraMga rUpoM kA jJAna Avazyaka hotA hai ki azubhatA se sarvatra bacA jAe aura zubhatA ko jIvana kI pratyeka vRtti evaM pravRtti AtmasAt kiyA jaae| meM caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA meM phUTe haiM aura phUTate haiM AnAe ke vividha AkAra: itihAsa ko TaToleM aura vartamAna ko bhalIbhAMti parakheM to aise aneka saiddhAntika udAharaNa dRSTigata ho sakate haiM jinameM AcAra ke vividha AkAroM kI jhalaka milatI ho| samaya Age bar3hatA hai to badalAva Ate haiM, jisase prabhAvita hokara vyakti badalatA hai, samAja badalatA hai aura ina badalAoM

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caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA meM phUTate haiM AcAra ke kaise-kaise AkAra? meM dhAraNAeM badalatI haiM, naI paramparAeM DhalatI haiM tathA kAphI kasamasAhaTa ke bAda naI sabhyatA yA saMskRti bhI janma letI hai| ina sAre parivartanoM ke vizleSaNa. se AcAra ke saMdarbha meM banate-badalate saiddhAntika AkAroM kA paricaya milatA hai| yahAM kucha udAharaNoM kI samIkSA kareM1. AcAra, AstikatA aura hiMsA : Aja se ar3hAI se tIna hajAra varSa pahale hindu dharmAnuyAyI yajJa yAga Adi meM pazu bali Adi ke rUpa meM kI jAnI vAlI hiMsA ko hiMsA nahIM mAnate the-'vaidikI hiMsA hiMsA na bhvti|' jaba hiMsA dharmAnuSThAnoM meM hotI thI to AstikatA para Aropa kA prazna nahIM thaa| Aja taka bhI islAma mAnane vAloM kA bar3A bhAga dharma pracAra meM hiMsA ko jAyaja mAnatA hai aura jehAda kA samarthana karatA hai, phira bhI apane ko musalamAna mAnate haiM, kAphira nhiiN| kintu kAlAntara meM isa AcAra vidhi ke virodha meM vizvamata banA hai aura saiddhAntika pratipatti yaha banI hai ki balapUrvaka satya kA aura kalyANa kA pracAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, balki acchAI aura sacAI ke liye bhI jo hiMsA kA prayoga karate haiM unakI AstikatA meM kamI mAnanI cAhie, kyoMki hiMsA kA hita aura prema ke sAtha mela nahIM hai| bala ke rUpa meM satya ke sAtha ahiMsA kA hI mela ho sakatA hai| ahiMsaka bala hI saccA bala hai| 2.vyakti ke AcAra kI sImA : sAmAnya rUpa se yaha kahAvata sahI lagatI hai ki jo 'jaisA karegA, vaisA bharegA', kintu yaha pUrA saca nahIM hai| isa ko mAna kara dUsaroM ke duHkha sukha kI ora se hama najara curA lete haiM ki yaha usakI karaNI-bharaNI hai| saca yaha hai ki jaise bAhara kI sardI-garmI hameM chatI hI hai, vaise dUsaroM ke da:kha sakha kA asara bhI hama para jarUra hogaa| isa taraha hama apanI jimmedArI dasaroM para na DAleM aura barAI kI jaDa ko khojeN| Azaya yaha hai ki vyakti ke AcAra kI sImA usa taka hI sImita nahIM, usakA sAmAjika prabhAva bhI hotA hai| 3. caritraniSThA kA AdhAra viveka : jaba taka zarIra meM caitanya rahatA hai, prANa gati kSaNAMza ke liye bhI rukatI nahIM hai| isameM 'ahaM' jo hotA hai, vaha sAre sukha-duHkha ko apanA karake mAnatA hai tathA eka dvaita yA dvanda ko khar3A karatA hai| isa dvanda meM manuSya kI caritrazIlatA atyanta upayogI hotI hai jisake sambala se viveka sadA jAgRta rahatA hai| yaha viveka dvanda ke bhItara bhI kAma karatA rahatA hai tathA santulana banAe rakhatA hai| Adima mAnava ho yA avatArI puruSa-viveka saba meM hI anivArya - hai| viveka ke kAraNa hI vyaktitva ke staroM kA jJAna hotA hai aura starAnusAra mastiSka, hAtha va anya aMgopAMgoM kI pArasparika sakriyatA banI rahatI hai| 4. antarvigraha se bhI caritra nirmANa : jo vastu manuSya ke liye samasyA banatI hai, vaha hai apane bhItara anubhava meM Ane vAlA antarvigraha aura usakA utpAda kalaha / kintu yadi isa jagaha puruSArtha aura ceSTA kA upayoga kiyA jAe to yahI antarvigraha caritra nirmANa kA kAraNa bana sakatA hai| vyaktitva ke tIna stara mAne gaye haiM-indriya, buddhi aura mana, jinameM yadi AcAra saMtulana ke kAraNa samarasatA aura ekAgratA lAI jA sake to samasyAoM kA samAdhAna nikala AtA hai| taba na kalaha hotA hai, na klesh| tInoM staroM kI ekatA mukti taka kI rAha bana sakatI hai, anyathA kalaha kI kamI nahIM rhtii| caritra nirmANa kA yahAM mahattva hai| 231

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sucaritram 232 5. saccA AcAra hai ahaM ko kholanA, na kI dabAnA : kahA jAtA rahA hai ki ahaM maiM ko dabAiye 4. aura usakA natIjA nikalatA AyA hai ki ahaM bhAva hamAre bhItara gahare utaratA jAtA hai tathA saMbhAvanAeM jakar3I rahatI hai, khula nahIM paatii| AcAra ke naye svarUpa kA mAnanA hai ki ahaM apanA dvAra banAie tAki bhItara kA bAhara aura bAhara kA bhItara A jA ske| isa taraha ahaM dhIredhIre zUnya bana jAtA hai| ahaM ko dabAnA nahIM, kholanA hI saccA AcAra hai| isI 'maiM' meM se hamatuma isa usakI ora bar3hate hue kula (pUrNa) meM jA milane kI preraNA prApta hotI hai| taba alagAva dUra hogA aura hama parasparatA ko samajha pAeMge jahAM se samagratA meM mila jaaeNge| 6. zraddhA AcAra kI gati hai, para kaisI : dhAraNA rahI hai ki zraddhA ko Apta vacana cupacApa sira jhukAkara svIkAra kara lenA cAhiye, usameM zaMkA nahIM uThAnI cAhie jabaki Aja mAnyatA bana . rahI hai ki vaha zraddhA jo prazna ko baMda kara de, saccI zraddhA nhiiN| vaha aMdhI banakara matAgraha kA rUpa le letI hai| zraddhA ko AcAra kI gati mAnA hai aura zraddhA puSTa tathA gatyAtmaka tabhI ho sakatI hai jaba prazna aura jijJAsA pUrti ke pUre avasara mile| saccI zraddhA mahAgraha ko tor3a kara matoM ke bIca ApasI tAlamela paidA karatI hai| 7. ahiMsaka AcAra ke liye gaharI dRSTi: hiMsA ke gahare rUpoM ko samajheMge tabhI ahiMsaka AcAra vikasita hogaa| zoSaNa zuddha rUpa se hiMsA hai| zreNI yA varga ke unmUlana se bAta nahIM banegI- bAta to banegI unake bIca rahe hue hiMsA ke jahara ko miTAne se| jahara miTane para antara aura bheda bhI akhareMge nahIM - sarvatra prema kA saMcAra hogA / ahiMsA kA AdhAra yahI hai / aniSTa hiMsA hai aura miTAnA usako hai lekina jo duzmanI miTAne kI bajAya duzmanoM ko miTAne meM vizvAsa karatA hai, samajheM ki vaha hiMsA meM hI vizvAsa karatA hai| isa kAraNa krAntikArI kucha dUrI taya karane ke bAda hI bhogavAdI, avasaravAdI, zAsanavAdI aura duniyAbAja hote hue dekhe gaye haiN| hiMsA ke prati vizvAsa mUla se miTe | 8. dharma matavAdI nahIM, AcAraniSTha bane : kahA jAtA hai ki dharma Aja saMgaThita matavAda aura pUMjIvAda kA nAma bana gayA hai| lekina Avazyaka yaha hai ki dharma ke sAtha aisI AcAraniSThA jur3e jahAM se hamAre hRdaya ko evaM bhAvanAoM ko poSaNa mile| dharma kI yahI upayogitA hai ki apane jaise astitva vAle vyakti yA padArtha ke sAtha hama samajha yA buddhi kA saMbaMdha biThA kara jo vyavahAra calAte haiM, usakA mUla bhAvAtmaka (imozanala) bhUmikA se abhinna rahe aura dharma usI tala kI spaSTa abhivyakti bhI karatA rhe| mAnava aba dharma kI aisI hI sambhAvanAoM kI ora mur3anA caahegaa| pratyeka yuga meM parivartanoM ke krama meM naI dhAraNAeM banatI aura paramparAeM panapatI hai| isa badalAva meM eka sthira satya yaha hai ki caritra nirmANa ke prayatna sadA satata rUpa se calate rahate haiM kyoMki caritra vikAsa para vyakti evaM samAja kI pragati nirbhara karatI hai| ataH yaha eka vAstavikatA hai ki caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA meM AcAra ke vividha AkAra phUTe haiM aura phUTate rahate haiM jinameM se naI saiddhAntika pratipattiyAM bhI DhalatI haiN| zAzvatatA evaM parivartana kA sahI samanvaya hI manuSya ko sadA zubhatA kI dizA meM gati karAtA rahegA aura usakI caritraniSThA ko dRr3hatara banAtA rahegA /

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caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA meM phUTate haiM AcAra ke kaise-kaise AkAra? AcAra kI bhinna-bhinna pariNatiyA~ hotI hai svabhAva va vibhAva ke dharAtaloM para : jJeya, heya evaM upAdeya tattvoM kA jJAna kara lenA hI paryApta nahIM hotA hai| jJeya jAna liyA, ThIka hai| samajheM ki heya ko chor3a diyA vaha bhI ThIka hai| lekina upAdeya tattvoM kA lAbha taba taka nahIM uThAyA jA sakatA, jaba taka AtmA jAgRta na ho jAe aura una tattvoM ko apane AcAra meM DhAla lene ke lie tatpara na bana jaay| isa Atma-jAgRti ke liye AtmasvarUpa kA darzana karanA hogA aura usa svarUpa kA mUla bindu hai AtmA ke mUla svabhAva ko pahacAnanA, vibhAvagata doSoM ko samajhanA tathA vibhAva kI vikRtiyoM ko tyAga kara svabhAvagata sadguNoM se apane AcaraNa ko sNvaarnaa| isameM bhAvanAtmaka pakSa kA mahattva hotA hai| yadi bhAvanA prabala aura utkRSTa bana jAe to rUpAntara dekhate-dekhate ho jAtA hai, anyathA eka lambe abhyAsa ke mAdhyama se uddezya ko prApta karanA hotA hai kintu donoM prakAroM meM apanI puruSArtha zakti kA prayoga to anivArya hotA hI hai| AtmA ke svabhAva-vibhAva kI kucha carcA pahale ho cukI hai aura yahAM isase saMbaMdhita yaha satya mAna lenA cAhie ki mUla svabhAva cAhe jitanA daba jAe, chipa jAe athavA vismRta ho jAe vaha kabhI-bhI sahI, apanI jhalaka avazya dikhAtA hai| AtmA ko kyA acchA lagatA hai aura kyA burA-yaha kisI anya ke samajhAne kA viSaya nahIM hotA balki yaha svAnubhUti kA hI viSaya adhika hai| ataH bhItara kI AvAja ko sunanA, use samajhanA tathA usakA anusaraNa karanA-yaha mUla svabhAva ko prakAzita karane kA sabase acchA upAya hai| jaba svAnubhUti kA pakkA dharAtala bana jAtA hai, taba svabhAva va vibhAva ke bheda ko jAMca lenA kaThina nahIM rhtaa| svabhAva tathA vibhAva ke alaga-alaga dharAtala sApha dikhAI dene lagate haiM aura samajha meM Ane lagatA hai ki kina dabAvoM ke jora se AcAra kI bhinna-bhinna pariNatiyAM samakSa AtI hai| svAnubhUti se antarjJAna ho jAtA hai ki AtmA ko kyA acchA lagatA hai aura vaha 'saba acchA' upAdeya hotA hai| usakA AcaraNa kahIM zubhatA kI dizA meM le jAtA hai tathA vaha AcaraNa hI caritra nirmANa kA pradhAna sambala siddha hotA hai| AtmA ko kyA burA lagatA hai vaha bhI sApha-sApha samajha meM A jAtA hai to phira caritraniSThA use heya mAnakara apanA parAkrama use tyAgane meM lagA detI hai| isa vidhi se alaga-alaga dharAtaloM ko miTA kara caritrazIlatA kA eka hI dharAtala taiyAra ho jAtA hai aura taba AcaraNa kA parAkrama usake zuddhikaraNa meM laga jAtA hai| caritra nirmANa caritra vikAsa kI dhArA meM pragati kI ora pravAhita hone lagatA hai| taba AcAra vidhi athavA AcaraNa zakti indriyoM tathA mana ke bhrAmaka nirdezoM ko nahIM mAnatI hai to kevala AtmA kI AvAja ko aura use kevala mAnatI. hI nahIM, apitu usa AvAja ke anusAra apanI indriyoM tathA mana ko calAtI bhI hai| yaha sthiti AtmapuruSArtha ko sakriya banAe rakhatI hai jisase AcAra zuddhi athavA caritra gaThana apane antima sAdhya taka mAnava jIvana ko avazya pahuMcA detA hai| taba caritra sampannatA damakane lagatI hai aura mAnava ko usake sacce mUlyoM ke sAtha sthAI rUpa se saMyukta kara detI hai| yaha sahI hai ki Atmonnati kI kAphI UMcAI car3ha jAne taka bhI svabhAva kA vibhAva meM aura vibhAva kA svabhAva meM AvAgamana hotA rahatA hai jisase bhAvanAoM meM utAra car3hAva calatA hai| isakA. asara AcaraNa para par3e binA nahIM rhtaa| vibhAva ke ghere se AtmA ko pUrI taraha mukti mila jAe vahI 233

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sucaritram to vAstavika mukti hotI hai| Atma kA mUla svabhAva pUrNataH prakAzita ho jAya-yahI to antima sAdhya hai| yahI AcaraNa zuddhi athavA caritra sampannatA kA zikAra hotA hai| AcAra meM pragatizIla mor3a lAne vAlA maMgala-suvicAra : vicAra su ho to vaha maMgalamaya hogA aura aisA maMgala suvicAra AcAra meM AvazyakatAnusAra pragatizIla mor3a lAne kI kSamatA rakhatA hai| isa suvicAra kA kendra hai 'maiM' aura 'maiM' sAmAnya nahIM hai| 'brahmomi' arthAt maiM svayaM brahmA hU~ yAnI ki paramAtma pada taka pahuMcane kA sAmarthya isI AtmA meM hai| kintu isa 'maiM' ke bhI kaI rUpa samaya-samaya para dikhAI dete haiM-jo isake svAbhAvika rUpa kama aura vaibhAvika rUpa adhika hote haiN| 'maiM' ke ye do rUpa mukhya mAne jA sakate haiM-1. 'maiM' kA ahaMkAra saMsAra hai to 2. 'maiM' kA vistAra saMnyAsa hai| jIvana kA yaha eka chora tathA dUsarI ora dUsarA chor| ahaM sAmAnya hotA hai parantu usake sAtha 'kAra' jur3a jAne para sthiti ekadama bhinna ho jAtI hai| ahaMkAra. vikAroM tathA viSamatAoM kA aisA jIvana-ghAtaka srota bana jAtA hai ki maiM kA mUla svabhAva hI bikhara jAtA hai-rUpa-aparUpa bana jAtA hai| vahIM dUsarA chora saMnyAsa kA kahA gayA hai jo ki 'maiM' ko una sabhI vikAroM tathA viSamatAoM se mukta karAne kA parAkrama prakaTa karatA hai| yaha 'maiM' kA vistAra hai jo samatA tathA sadbhAvanA ke sAtha samasta saMsAra meM bhAvAtmaka rUpa se vyApta ho sakatA hai| isa para sahaja jijJAsA ubharatI hai ki kauna hU~ maiM? maiM hokara bhI apane 'maiM' ko nahIM jAna pAyA aba taka-yaha kaisI viDambanA hai? itanA karIba, itanA sannikaTa rahatA hU~ maiM apane maiM ke sAtha, balki ekarUpatA hai phira bhI maiM ko nahIM pahacAna pAtA hU~ maiN| maiM isa sahI pahacAna se bhaTaka kara kabhI apane zarIra ko hI 'maiM' kA rUpa mAna letA hU~ to kabhI indriyoM ko, kabhI mana evaM buddhi ko, para saca yaha hai ki ye saba 'maiM' kA svarUpa nahIM hai, balki ye saba bhrAntiyAM haiN| cintana kI dhArA Age se Age bar3hatI hai-ina bhrAntiyoM ko bheda kara maiM nija svarUpa ko, 'maiM' ko kaise pahacAna sakatA hU~? taba cintana UrdhvagAmI hotA hai aura bhAva prakhara banatA hai ki maiM jJAna, darzana, caritra se paripUrNa zAzvata satya sanAtana huuN| merA mUla svarUpa sat, cit evaM AnandadAyaka hai| yathArthataH maiM akelA hU~ yA sarva samAviSTa huuN| merA koI nahIM hai athavA prANimAtra merA hai| merI AtmA jaise adhikAdhika vistRta hotI jA rahI hai aura lagatA hai ki anya saba padArtha saMyoga mAtra hai tathA AtmA evaM Atmavat bhAvanA hI pramukha hai| padArthoM kA saMyoga aura viyoga to hotA rahatA hai jisa para na harSita hone kI aura na hI khedita hone kI AvazyakatA hai| maiM' to kevala Atma svarUpI hU~ tathA sabake AtmasvarUpa ko hI pahacAnanA cAhatA hU~ jinake bIca pUrNa samAnatA kA saMbaMdha hai, mUla svabhAva kI dRSTi se| yahI to 'maiM' kA rahasya hai, maiM kA svarUpa hai aura 'maiM' ko pahacAnane ke liye Age rakhA jAne vAlA AcAra kA caraNa hai| 'maiM' kI isI cintana kI phalazruti samakSa AtI hai AcAra vidhi tathA AcAra zuddhi ke pragatizIla mor3oM ke rUpa meN| AcAra zuddhi athavA caritra nirmANa ke kaThina patha para yaha maMgala suvaciAra dhairya tathA utsAha kA nayA vAtAvaraNa banAtA hai ki kauna hotA hai mahAvIra?-isa para gaharA cintana cle| hama hara subaha jagate haiM aura hara nizA meM so jAte haiM-jaganA aura sonA, basa jIvana kA yahI sthUla krama banA huA hai? soca 234

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caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA meM phUTate haiM AcAra ke kaise-kaise AkAra? uThatA hai ki kyA isa meM hI jIvana kI sArthakatA hai? bhItara se AvAja uThatI hai-nahI, kadApi nhii| cAha hotI hai ki kabhI jageM to aise jageM ki phira kabhI sonA na pdd'e| yaha jAgaraNa kevala nizi nidrA se hI nahIM, balki moha-nidrA se ho| rAga aura dveSa ke baMdhanoM ko cAka-cAka kara dene kI zakti hamAre bhItara phUTa pdd'e| lekina kaise hogA yaha? cintana vicAra ko bala degA tathA vicAra AcAra meM pariNata hokara pragati kI aisI ur3Ana bharegA jo isa prazna kA uttara de degA ki kauna hotA hai mahAvIra? : khedajanaka avasthA yahI hai ki Aja hamArA caitanya anAdi se ajJAna aura moha kI nIMda meM soyA hai-kaI bAra jAgatA hai para jAga kara bhI asala meM jAgatA nahIM, punaH punaH mohAdhIna ho jAtA hai| prazna yahI hai ki kaba taka yaha caitanya soyA rahegA? hama isakA AbhAsa to leM-jJAna to jagAve, karma ko jagAveM aura jAnane kA prayAsa kareM ki kaise ho sakegA isakA jAgaraNa tathA kaise sthAI bana sakegA vaisA jAgaraNa? jJAna-karma kA yaha sambala pAkara hama AcAra kA nayA mor3a le sakeMge, caritra kA nayA rUpa nikhAra skeNge| aisA hone para hI hama jIvana ke paloM ko sArthakatA ke sAtha jI pAeMge aura unheM jIeMge bhI pUrI jIvantatA ke saath| apanA apane prati jIvanta ho jAnA hI dharma hai, sAdhanA hai, AcArazuddhi hai aura caritra sampannatA hai| sabase bar3hakara yahI to 'maiM' kI pahacAna hai aura yahI hai mahAvIra banane kA saccA maarg| jo isa mArga para AcAra evaM caritra bala ko lekara cala par3atA hai vahI vIra kahalAtA hai, mahAvIra bana jAtA hai| isa maMgala suvicAra ko hRdaya meM dhAraNa kareM aura isa para sadaiva gahana cintana karate rhe| AcAra ke svastha evaM vikAsazIla AkAra hetu jarUrI hai puruSArtha : ___ AcAra kA pUrNa rUpa hai-vicAra, vacana aura vyavahAra tathA yahI caritra kA rUpa hai| inheM mAnava jIvana ke tIna dvAroM ke rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| ina tIna dvAroM meM bahatI rahatI hai do dhArAeM-zubhatA kI dhArA evaM azubhatA kI dhArA arthAt AcAra yA caritra saMpannatA kI dhArA aura anAcAra va caritrahInatA kI dhaaraa| hInatA kI dhArA ko sampannatA kI dhArA meM badalate rahane kI ceSTA kA nAma hI hai puruSArtha, jisase AcAra ke svastha evaM vikAsazIla AkAra nirmita hote rahate haiM, vikAsa pAte rahate haiM aura phaladAyaka banate rahate haiN| puruSArtha ke prayoga kA yahI kSetra hai ki jIvana ke ye tInoM dvAra sadA pavitratA se otaprota rheN| vicAra, vacana aura vyavahAra athavA mana, vacana aura kAyA ke ina tInoM dvAroM meM pahalA sthAna hai mana kaa| mana kA dvAra maulika hotA hai kyoMki vicAroM kA udgama sthala mana hI hotA hai| isa dvAra kI pavitratA bhI isI kAraNa ahama hai| yaha dvAra pavitra bana jAe to Age ke donoM dvAroM ko pavitra banAnA adhika kaThina nahIM rhegaa| vANI va vyavahAra tadanantara svataH hI saMzodhita hote cale jaaeNge| mana pavitra to saba pavitra 'mana caMgA to kaThautI meM gaMgA' aura mana bigar3A to dUsare dvAroM ke bigar3ane meM dera nahIM lgegii| dUSita bhAvanA vacana ko pradUSita banAtI hai aura dUSita vacana sArI vyavahAra-vyavasthA ko dUSita banA detA hai| Aja mAnava kA pradUSaNa samasta prakRti kA hI pradUSaNa jo bana gayA hai| yaha saba caritrahInatA kA dyotaka hai| 235

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sucaritram tInoM dvAroM kI kriyAzIlatA to nirantara banI hI rahatI hai| samasyA yahI hai ki usa kriyAzIlatA ko azubhatA ke kSetra se nivRtta kareM tathA zubhatA ke kSetra meM pravRtta bnaaveN| isa samasyA kA hI samAdhAna rahA huA hai tInoM dvAroM kI pavitratA meN| isa trirUpI pavitratA ko prApta karane kA hI mArga hai AcAra zuddhi tathA caritra nirmANa, jisake liye samucita puruSArtha kI apekSA rahatI hai| aba yaha puruSArtha kyA hai? saMyama kA puruSArtha-AtmaniyaMtraNa kA puruSArtha, jisakA phala prApta hogA AtmazAnti ke rUpa meM, sAmAjika sadbhAvanA ke rUpa meM tathA samatA kA sAdhya pAne ke rUpa meN| 236

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mAnava caritra kA saMcaraNa itihAsa ke pariprekSya meM 18

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mAnava caritra kA saMcaraNa itihAsa ke pariprekSya meM caritra ke utthAna-patana kA dastAveja hai itihAsa kaise-kaise caritra-nAyaka Ae, kyA-kyA ullekhanIya " kArya unhoMne kie tathA sAmAnya rUpa se kisa prakAra ke cAritrika vAtAvaraNa kA unhoMne prasAra kiyA-yahI saba kucha itihAsa ke pannoM para aMkita hotA hai| aisI hI kucha aitihAsika bAnagiyAM dekheM eka-eka joDI caritra nAyakoM kI gatividhiyoM se saMbaMdhita tAki caritrazIlatA tathA caritrahInatA ke sAmAjika vAtAvaraNa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA jA sake___ 1. samrATa azoka evaM kuNika : samrATa azoka ko itihAsa ne mahAn kahA hai-isalie nahIM ki unhoMne eka vizAla sAmrAjya kI nIMva rakhI athavA isalie bhI nahIM ki ve eka vIra yoddhA aura aizvaryazAlI the, balki isalie ki kaliMga vijaya ke bAda unake caritra meM acAnaka Azcaryajanaka parivartana AyA aura ve eka ahiMsaka samrATa bana ge| sabhI itihAsa premI jAnate haiM ki kaliMga rAjya ko jItane ke yuddha meM jo mahAvinAza huA aura apAra mAnava rakta bahA, use dekha kara azoka kA kaThora hRdaya pighala kara pAnI ho gayA aura vaha dayA va karuNA kA kendra sthala bana gyaa| azoka kA hRdaya parivartana 237

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sucaritram sAmAjika caritra ke utthAna kA eka bahuta bar3A kAraNa bnaa| dUsarI ora samrATa kuNika (ajAtazatru) ke caritra kA bhI ullekha hai jisane apane pitA zreNika (bimbisAra) ko kArAgAra meM DAla kara magadha rAjya para apanA samaya se pUrva Adhipatya jamAyA tathA caritrahInatA kI nIMva para apane sAmrAjya kA vistAra kiyaa| dina aura rAta kI taraha caritrazIlatA aura caritrahInatA kA kramazaH vAtAvaraNa calatA rahA hai jo svAbhAvika bhI hai| rAta kA gaharA aMdherA na ho to prabhAta kI abhilASA balavatI kaise bane? 2. akabara bAdazAha aura auraMgajeba : madhyakAlIna itihAsa meM akabara bAdazAha ko mahAn mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki ve niSpakSa, nyAya rakSaka evaM dharma meM udAratA ke samarthaka the| sabhI dharmoM ko unhoMna samAna rUpa se sammAna diyA aura unheM rAjakIya protsAhana se Azvasta bnaayaa| vahIM unake par3apote bAdazAha auraMgajeba ne dhArmika kaTTaratA ke sAtha gaira musalamAnoM para bhArI atyAcAra kie tathA lAkhoM logoM se balAt dharma parivartana kraayaa| isa prakAra donoM ke zAsana ko pUrva aura pazcima kahA jA sakatA hai| zAsana ke svarUpa meM na kevala zAsaka kA, apitu zAsitoM ke caritra kI bhI jhalaka milatI hai| ____ 3. mahArANA pratApa va rAjA mAnasiMha : svataMtratA kI cAha aura usakI rakSA kA bhAva caritra kI ujjvalatA kI pratIka hotI hai to svataMtratA kI upekSA karake apane svArthoM kI pUrti kara lenA oche caritra kI bAta ho jAtI hai| ina donoM prakAra ke madhyakAlIna itihAsa meM hI hue caritra nAyaka rahe mevAr3a ke mahArANA pratApa tathA jayapura ke rAjA mAnasiMha / pratApa ne akabara ke viruddha mevAr3a kI svataMtratA ke lie saMgharSa karate hue jaMgaloM kI khAka chAnI aura yuddha ke jauhara dikhaae| yaha caritrazIlatA kI adbhuta 'spiriTa' hotI hai jo kaThinAiyoM aura kaSToM meM bhI sukha kA anubhava karatI hai| isI kA dUsarA pakSa apanI svataMtratA beca kara aura bhautika sampatti ko apane kabje meM rakha kara sukha pAtA hai, lekina vaha koI vIrocita sukha nahIM hotaa| itihAsa meM vyaktitva kI pratiSThA caritra kI utkRSTatA se hI hotI hai| eka caritrazIla nAyaka ke caritra kA prabhAva asthAI hI nahIM hotA, Aja taka bhI mevAr3a hI nahIM, pUre bhArata meM pratApa kA yazagAna kiyA jAtA hai| ___4. mahAtmA gAMdhI evaM mohammada alI jinnA : Adhunika itihAsa kI yaha tAjI misAla hai ki jisameM mahAtmA gAMdhI kI caritrazIlatA bemisAla hai| briTiza sAmrAjya ke viruddha svataMtratA saMgharSa meM satyAgraha Adi ahiMsAtmaka upAyoM se janAndolana calAe to dUsarI ora mAnavatA ko toDane vAlI sAmpradAyikatA kA antima dama taka virodha kiyaa| unhoMne koI bhI muddA hinda yA musalamAna kI sAmpradAyikatA ke AdhAra para taya karane se manA kara diyA tathA dharma nirapekSa rAjanIti kA pravartana kiyaa| apanI caritrazIlatA ke dama para unhoMne eka-eka bhAratIya ke caritra meM naI jAna phUMkI aura caritra ke prabhAva ko svataMtratA prApti ke sAtha siddha kara dikhaayaa| dUsarI ora aMgrejI sAmrAjyavAdiyoM ke hAthoM kI kaThaputalI banakara mohammada alI jinnA ne bhArata kA vibhAjana karAyA tathA apane sAmpradAyika evaM vyaktigata svArtha pUre kie| saca to yaha hai ki jisa sAmpradAyika AdhAra para deza kA vibhAjana huA aura ghora ghRNA kA prasAra huA usase-sAmAnya jana ke caritra nirmANa ko bhArI AghAta jhelane pdd'e| yoM itihAsa ke caritra nAyakoM kI gatividhiyoM tathA ghaTita ghaTanAoM kA vyakti evaM samAja ke 238

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mAnava caritra kA saMcaraNa itihAsa ke pariprekSya meM caritra gaThana para anukUla yA pratikUla prabhAva par3atA hai, kintu samaya kA cakra utthAna se patana tathA patana se utthAna ke krama kA pUrNatayA nirvAha karatA hai| yadi caritra nirmANa ke abhiyAna meM vAMchita tatparatA lAI jA sake to utthAna ke krama ko tIvratA avazya pradAna kI jA sakatI hai| itihAsa kyA hotA hai?-caritra ke utthAna-patana kI kahAniyAM hI to: itihAsa ke katipaya caritra nAyakoM se saMbaMdhita uparokta TippaNiyoM se isa tathya kA spaSTa AbhAsa hotA hai ki caritra ke utthAna-patana kI kahAniyAM hI itihAsa kI mukhya viSaya vastu hotI hai| caritra nAyakoM kI caritrazIlatA kA sAmAnya jana tathA samAja para ati anukUla prabhAva par3atA dekhA gayA hai to kahIM pratikriyA svarUpa nAyakoM yA zAsakoM kI caritrahInatA kA kaTu virodha bhI caritra nirmANa ke liye anukUla vAtAvaraNa banAtA AyA hai| yaha to ekadama nizcita hai ki itihAsa kI adhikAMza ghaTanAoM para caritra kI hI chApa hotI hai| mAnavIya jIvana ke cAritrika mUlya kisa prakAra siddha hote gae aura kaise siddha huA karate haiM tathA hama kahAM aura kaise Akara pahaMce haiM-isakA svarUpa samajhAnA itihAsa kA kAma hai| mAnava kI viveka buddhi evaM caritraniSThA kA vivaraNa kyA aura kaisA hai-yaha itihAsa se samajha meM AnA caahiye| yadi yaha saba samajha meM AtA hai to samajhanA cAhiye ki manuSya kI viveka buddhi tathA caritraniSThA sacArU rUpa se kArya kara rahI hai aura mAnava kA vyavahAra vivekapUrNa cala rahA hai| bhUtakAlIna anubhavoM se kucha na kucha sIkhate rahane ke liye itihAsa kA adhyayana karanA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki isa mAyane meM itihAsa eka zikSaka kA kArya karatA hai| itihAsa ke anubhavoM se manuSya evaM samAja kI dhAraNAoM meM bhI antara AtA rahatA hai jo caritra se prabhAvita hotA hai| jaise ki prAcInakAla meM corI karane vAle ko hAtha kATane kA daMDa diyA jAtA thA-isakA bhArata ke dharmagraMthoM meM tathA karAna meM bhI ullekha hai| phira dhAraNA badalI aura mAnA gayA ki koI bhI vyakti corI karatA hai to sirpha apane hI liye nahIM balki parivAra ke nirvAha ke liye karatA hai| samAjavAda ke anusAra pratyeka parivAra ke bharaNa poSaNa kI vyavasthA karanA samAja kA dAyitva hai| aise meM vaha vyakti jo corI karatA hai usakA jitanA doSa hai, utanA hI samAja kA bhI doSa hai yAnI ki sAmAjika racanA va vyavasthA kA bhI doSa hai| taba soca badalA ki corI ke aparAdhI ko daMDa dene kI apekSA zikSA denI cAhie tathA samAja meM sthApita hone ke lie use Avazyaka sahayoga sulabha karAnA cAhie tAki vaha corI karanA chor3a de aura isa prakAra aparAdha kA unmUlana ho jaae| isa saMbaMdha meM yaha Akalana karane kI AvazyakatA hai ki kisa prakAra itihAsa ke anubhava naI caritra praNAlI ko DhAlane meM madadagAra banate haiM aura caritra nirmANa ke vyApaka kArya ko nae AyAma prApta hote haiN| ___ itihAsa ke caritra nAyakoM kI bhUloM se bhI sAmAjika caritra para AghAta lage jinakI anukUla pratikriyA yaha huI ki caritra nirmANa kI dizA meM manuSya kI viveka buddhi aura sAtha hI caritraniSThA kA paryApta rIti se vikAsa hotA gyaa| itihAsa kA bahuta bar3A graMtha hai mahAbhArata aura isakA eka prasaMga hai pAMDavoM evaM kauravoM ke bIca dyUta krIr3A yAnI juA khelane kaa| Aja to aisI dyUta krIr3A kA kaTu virodha hogA kintu usa samaya ke kSatriyoM kI prathA meM chUta krIr3A anucita nahIM thii| mukhya bAta yaha hai 239

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sucaritram ki dyUta krIr3A meM yudhiSThira ne kyA kiyA? dyUta meM rAjya-sampatti hAra jAne ke bAda unhoMne apane bhAiyoM ko, phira svayaM ko dAMva para lgaayaa| khuda hAra gaye to patnI draupadI ko bhI dAMva para lagA diyaa| kyA koI apanI patnI ko bhI binA usakI sahamati ke jue meM dAMva para lagA sakatA hai? Aja ke liye isa prazna kA uttara denA bacce ke liye bhI sahaja hai ki kisI pati ko aisA koI adhikAra nahIM jo apanI patnI ko nijIva vastu kI taraha jue meM dAMva para lagA de| lekina usa samaya meM isa prazna kA samAdhAna mahAbhArata ke mahAjJAnI bhI nahIM nikAla sake. kyoMki usa samaya paramparA vaisI hI thI aura cAritrika stara bhI usI prakAra kA thaa| kintu itihAsa ke aise AghAtoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa manuSya kA viveka vikasita huA hai tathA usakI caritra zakti dRr3hatara huI hai| Aja kA viveka to bahuta Age bar3hA hai| eka rASTra kisI bhI kAraNa se dUsare rASTra ke sAtha yuddha kare-yaha Aja ke viveka ko mAnya nahIM hai| abhI taka kA soca hai ki AkramaNa ke liye yuddha karanA burA hai, kintu viveka buddhi evaM caritraniSThA ahiMsA ke kSetra meM aura Age bar3he to kala yaha bhI nirNaya diyA jA sakatA hai ki kisI bhI rASTra dvArA bacAva ke liye bhI hiMsA kA sahArA lenA ucita nhiiN| vaha mAna le ki yuddha kisI bhI avasthA meM ucita nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| . isa prakAra yaha siddha hotA hai ki itihAsa meM vastutaH caritra ke utthAna-patana ke citra aura caritra hI pradhAna rUpa se aMkita hote haiN| isa kAraNa itihAsa kA mAtra itihAsa ke taura para hI adhyayana karanA vAMchanIya nahIM hai| itihAsa kA pramukha upayoga to yaha hai ki aitihAsika anubhavoM ko lekara caritra nirmANa kI naI pragatizIla rAheM khojI jaae| mAnava caritra ke saMcaraNa kI dRSTi se bhAratIya itihAsa kA siMhAvalokana : __ bhAratIya itihAsa kA AraMbha vahAM se mAnA jAtA hai jaba AryoM kA yahAM Agamana huA aura unhoMne tathA yahAM pahale se raha rahI Aryetara jAtiyoM ne mila kara eka naI caritrazIlatA tathA saMskRti (kerekTara eMDa kalcara) kA vikAsa kiyaa| inakA aMzadAna mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| Arya aura dravir3a ke sivAya anyAnya jAtiyA~ yahAM AtI rahI aura yahAM kI sthAI nivAsI banatI gaI jinameM gyAraha jAtiyoM ke nAma haiN| inake bAda Ae musalamAna aura iisaaii| isa prakAra nIgro, auSTrika, draviDa, Arya, yUnAnI, mUcI, zaka, AMbhIka, hUNa, maMgola, turka, muslima Adi kA paraspara samAgama huA hai aura usase jisa milI julI saMskRti kA vikAsa huA usI kA nAma hindU (siMdhu kSetrasva) saMskRti pdd'aa| isa saMskRti kI vividhatA isa prakAra hai| pUrI duniyA meM tIna raMgoM ke loga hai-gorA, pIlA, kaalaa| kintu bhArata meM cAra kismeM banI-1. dravir3oM se pahale base mUla AdivAsI-nivAsa jaMgaloM meM, 2. dravir3a jAti-nivAsa viMdhyAcala ke nIce dakSiNa meM, 3. Arya jAti-nivAsa pahale uttara aura phira dakSiNa meM tathA 4. maMgola jAti-nivAsa uttarI bhArata ke uttarI kinAre pr| bhASA kI dRSTi se Arya bhASI 75 pra. za.kSetra meM draviDa bhASI 20 pra.za. evaM zabara kirAta bhASI 3 pr.sh.|yoN rakta. bhASA aura saMskRti tInoM bhArata meM mizrita hai tathApi dharma, saMskAra, bhAva, vicAra aura jIvana viSayaka dRSTikoNoM meM ekarUpatA jyAdA hai aura isI kA suprabhAva bhAratIya saMskRti evaM caritrazailI kI racanA para par3A hai| vibhinna jAtiyoM ke pArasparika samAgama kA vAtAvaraNa adhika prabala rahA jisake kAraNa 240

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mAnava caritra kA saMcaraNa itihAsa ke pariprekSya meM samasyAoM evaM vivAdoM ke uparAnta bhI Arya evaM Aryetara saMskRtiyoM meM samanvaya ke tattva adhika vikasita hue| phalasvarUpa sAhitya racA jAne lgaa| Rgveda (6500 I. pU.) tathA kalpasUtroM (4700 I. pU.) kI racanA ke bAda aneka matoM kA dhArmika lekhana (3000 I. pU.) claa| vyAkaraNa racayitA pANinI kA samaya 700 I. pU. kA hai jisameM zramaNa evaM brAhmaNa saMskRtiyoM kA ullekha hai| zramaNa saMsthA yahAM AryoM ke Agamana se pUrva vidyamAna thI / taba do sAMskRtika dhArAeM pramukha thI - eka vaidika tathA dUsarI prAgvaidika arthAta zramaNa saMskRti / yajJa-yAga meM hiMsA kI pravRtti calI to jaina va bauddha dharmoM ne dhArmika hiMsA ko bhI hiMsA mAnane kA Agraha karate hue ahiMsaka zailI para bala diyA / vaidika saMskRti meM mokSa zabda nahIM hai - isakA vyavahAra jainoM se zurU huaa| sAmAjika saMskRti meM varNa vyavasthA va jAti bhedoM kI utpatti ne nArI ke sthAna aura samanvaya Adi para prazna cihna lagAe, phira bhI taba taka Dhale saMskRti evaM caritra nirmANa ke svarUpa kI vizeSatAeM rahI- 1. rASTrIyatA se bhI Upara vizvajanInatA, 2. vibhinna jAtiyoM kI eka mahAjAti aura rASTrIyatA tathA 3. aneka vAdoM, vicAroM, dharmoM Adi ke bIca ekatA lAne kA nirAlA DhaMga / saMskRti evaM caritrazailI kI ekarUpatA ke prayAsoM ke sAtha Antarika vidroha bhI paidA hote rahe jinake prabhAva se inakA svarUpa nikharatA gayA aura unameM naI pragatizIlatA kA samAveza hotA rhaa| jainoM ke 23veM evaM 24veM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra ke vidrohI dharma pracAra ne hinduoM meM naye sudhAroM ko protsAhita kiyaa| yaha sudhAra zAntipUrvaka AyA kintu buddha ke dharma pracAra se kAphI uthala-puthala mcii| Rgveda ke sivAya anya tIna vedoM-yajurveda, sAmaveda va arthavaveda tathA vedAMgoM-upaniSadoM meM svarga kI hI kalpanA kI gaI thii| hAM, upaniSadoM meM mokSa kI dhuMdhalI chAyA dikhAI dI, kintu jaina evaM bauddha darzanoM ke prabhAva se mokSa kI dhAraNA pracaMDa ho gaI / taba yajJoM se Age sUkSma dharma kI khoja zurU huI aura darzana kA vikAsa huaa| yajJa kA sthAna jJAna ne liyA: aura prajApati kA sthAna brahma ne / bauddhika prayoga ke bar3hane ke sAtha sRSTi, jIva, janma Adi praznoM para vicAra hone lagA aura naye-naye vAda bhI paidA hue| vaidika dharma ke prati jaina dharma ke vidroha kI aprakaTa prakriyA yaha calI ki sRSTi karttA ke rUpa meM kisI parama zakti kI kalpanA maMda huI aura karmavAda kI dhAraNA prabala bnii| brAhmaNa zreSThatA ke viparIta mAnava mAtra kI aura AtmAoM kI samAnatA sthApita huI / ahiMsA kI paramparA ko vyApaka samarthana milaa| bauddha dharma bhI yajJa, purohitavAda aura ADambaroM ke viruddha rahA tathA usameM tapa evaM yati vRtti kI kaThoratA ko bhI nakAra diyaa| sArA dhyAna duHkha nirodha para kendrita rhaa| isa prakAra 600 I. pU. taka dharma darzana ke pUre svarUpa meM naye parivartanoM ne praveza kiyA jisake phalasvarUpa caritra nirmANa evaM saMskRti ke vikAsa meM naye mor3a aae| jo saMskRti devAdhIna mAna lI gaI thI tathA mAnava ke svataMtra caritra vikAsa kI upekSA ho rahI thI usameM krAMtikArI parivartana huaa| kahA gayA ki dharma hI utkRSTa maMgala hai tathA vaha dharma hai ahiMsA, saMyama evaM tapa ruup| aise dharma meM jisa manuSya kA mana sadA lagA rahatA hai use devatA bhI vandana karate haiM (dhammo maMgalamukkiTThe, ahiMsA saMjamo tavo, devA vi taM NamaMsaMti, jassa dhamme sayA maNA-dazavaikAlika 1-1 ) / chaThI zatAbdI IsvI ke anta taka bhArata meM cintana, khoja, anusaMdhAna evaM bauddhika unnati kI prakriyA kAryarata ho cukI thii| 19vIM zatAbdI taka zaMkarAcArya ke advaitavAda kI gUMja rahI, Ayurveda ke kSetra meM anusaMdhAna hue tathA santa sAhitya kA lekhana huA, kintu isa avadhi meM bAhara ke saMsAra kA 241

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sucaritram vizeSa samparka nahIM huaa| isa arse meM yUropa meM 'ri nAiseMsa' (dhArmika krAnti-14vIM zatAbdI) kI mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA ghaTI, lekina usakA asara bhArata taka nahIM pahuMcA jabaki chaThI zatAbdI taka IrAna, yUnAna, barmA, zyAma, bAlI dvIpa, iMDoneziyA, sumAtrA, borniyo, cIna, jApAna Adi kaI dezoM ke sAtha bhArata kA vANijyika athavA sikandara, megasthanIja, phAhyAna, kanphyUziyasa Adi ke mAdhyama se dhArmika athavA sAMskRtika samparka bddh'aa| dharma, gaNita, jyotiSa aura vijJAna aise viSaya the jinakA bhArata kI saMskRti para asara par3A aura yahAM kI saMskRti tathA caritra nirmANa zailI bhI unase prabhAvita huii| yaha prabhAva tIna rUpoM meM spaSTa huA-1. jAti prathA ko cunautI milI aura samAja meM nArI ke sthAna ko mahattva milA, 2. una dharmagraMthoM ke prati tiraskAra kA bhAva bar3hA jo sAmAjika burAiyoM kA samarthana kara rahe the tathA 3. manuSya kI svataMtra buddhi, sahaja viveka tathA Atma caritra ko naI spharaNA prApta hii| matavAda ke khaMDana-maMDana ne jora pakar3A aura zAstrArtha se pratiSThA pAne kI hor3a clii| taba bhI manuSya kI maulika samasyAoM kI ora Avazyaka dhyAna nahIM gyaa| - mAnava caritra ke saMcaraNa ke kSetra meM tadanantara bar3A parivartana AyA musalamAnoM kA zAsana sthApita ho jAne para / taba vaha aspRzya varga (achUta) jo brAhmaNavAda se asantuSTa thA AsAnI se dharma parivartana karane lagA-islAma ko apanAne lgaa| yaha Ama rAya banane lagI ki brAhmaNoM ke atyAcAroM se islAma ke hAthoM hI trANa ho skegaa| isa avadhi meM bhArata se bauddha dharma kA lopa hI ho gyaa| hindU aura musalamAna jAtiyoM ke bIca lambe arse taka aparicaya aura ghRNA kA bhAva banA rahA jisake do kAraNa the-1. deza kI AdhyAtmika sAmrAjyavAditA musalamAnoM ke prati tIkhI banI rahI tathA 2. muslima zAsakoM ke bhayaMkara atyAcAroM ke kAraNa sAmaMjasya kI sthiti nahIM bana skii| yahAM mohammada gajanavI kamale (636 I.) ke sAtha hI yavanoM ke liye ghaNA saghana banane lagI aura dhArmika vaimanasya se unheM secha kahA jAne lgaa| eka tathya vicAraNIya hai ki taba se paidA huI ghRNA deza ke vAtAvaraNa meM bArabAra ubharatI rahI hai aura bhArata ke vibhAjana ke bAda to yaha ghRNA jaise gaharI aura sthAI hI ho gaI hai| isase zikSA lenI cAhie ki jaba kabhI svabhAva meM kisI kAraNa se koI vikRti jama jAtI hai to usakA ghAtaka prabhAva kitane lambe arse taka bhI calatA rahatA hai, ataH aisI graMthiyoM ko yathAsamaya kATa kara caritra zuddhi kA kArya karate rahanA caahiye| kabhI-kabhI itihAsa kA prabhAva kitanA tIkSNa aura dIrgha ho sakatA hai-yaha hindutva aura islAma ke ApasI asara se pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha bhI jAnA jA sakatA hai ki ghRNA ko na jIta pAne para mAnava caritra ko samaya-samaya para kaise AghAta jhelane par3ate haiN| islAma bhArata meM 7vIM zatAbdI meM pahuMcA, kintu 12vIM zatAbdI taka bhI aparicaya pUrNa samparka hI rahA aura mizraNa kI to sthiti hI nahIM aaii| kheda janaka sthiti to yaha hai ki Age 800 varSoM meM bhI dUriyAM bahuta jyAdA kama nahIM huii| akabara ne donoM jAtiyoM kI ekatA kA Andolana calAyA lekina auraMgajeba ne use nakAra diyA aura yaha manovRtti 20vIM sadI meM bhI yathAvat rahI ki mahAtmA gAMdhI kI hindU, muslima ekatA ke abhiyAna para mahammada alI jinnA ne pAnI phera diyA vaise bhAratIya darzanoM aura vicAradhArAoM para islAma kA koI gaMbhIra prabhAva nahIM pdd'aa| 242

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mAnava caritra kA saMcaraNa itihAsa ke pariprekSya meM bhAratIyoM kI bhASA. vezabhaSA aura antataH mAnasikatA para jisa tathya ne sarvAdhika prabhAva DAlA, vaha thA bhArata meM yUropa kA Agamana tathA aMgrejoM kA sAmrAjyavAdI zAsana / varSa 400 I. pU. se hI bhArata kA nAma jJAna aura dhana ke bhaMDAra ke rUpa meM yUropa meM mazahUra ho gayA thaa| usI AkarSaNa ne sikandara, kolambasa, vAskoDIgAmA Adi ko khIMcA aura tIsarI zatAbdI se to haoNleMDa, phrAMsa, purtagAla tathA iMgalaiMDa Adi deza bhI bhArata meM sattA sthApanA hetu aae| isase eka ora IsAiyata kA jama kara mizanariyoM dvArA pracAra huA to dUsarI ora vaijJAnika sAdhanoM (priTiMga presa, releM) ke vikAsa se deza kI zikSA evaM AvAgamana suvidhA meM krAntikArI badalAva bhI aae| itihAsa ke bar3hate asara ke kAraNa hindU navotthAna kA kAryakrama bhI claa| brahma samAja (baMgAla), paramahaMsa samAja (mahArASTra), Arya samAja, thiyosophIkala sosAyaTI Adi isake udAharaNa haiN| phira svAmI vivekAnanda kA videzoM meM hindU dharma kA pracAra kAphI raMga laayaa| 20vIM sadI ke pUrvArdha meM hI bhAratIya svataMtratA saMgharSa kA zrI gaNeza huA, jo lokamAnya tilaka, mahAtmA gAMdhI Adi ke netRtva meM antima pariNati taka pahuMcA aura 15 agasta 1947 ko yaha deza aMgrejoM kI dAsatA se mukta ho gyaa| isa avadhi ke daurAna bhAratIya caritra ke vikAsa kA lekhA jokhA leM to vidita hogA ki 1000-1200 varSoM kI rAjanItika * gulAmI ne jo jakar3ana paidA kara dI thI vaha cAhe aMgreja zAsakoM ke hAthoM hI sahI para yUropIya pragati ke prabhAva ne use DhIlI kI aura svataMtratA ke saMgharSa kAla meM to vaha cAritrika zakti na sirpha samUhoM kI balki eka-eka bhAratIya jana kI itanI UMcAI para car3hI ki jisakI misAla nahIM miltii| yadi svataMtratA prApta ho jAne ke bAda usa adbhuta caritra vikAsa ko samucita saMrakSaNa milatA to Aja bhraSTAcAra, rAjanIti ke aparAdhIkaraNa Adi aneka vikAroM ke kAraNa jo caritrahInatA phailI hai, vaisA kadApi bhI ghaTita nahIM hotaa| itihAsa aura saMskRti ke utAra car3hAva tathA caritra nirmANa kI kramikatA: ___ sAmAnyata: caritra nAyaka itihAsa banAte haiM aura itihAsa kA acchA yA burA prabhAva samAja va rASTra ke sabhI vargoM ko apane-apane stara para prabhAvita karatA hai. kyoMki itihAsa kI ghaTanAoM ke kAraNa sAMskRtika paristhitiyoM meM utAra-car3hAva Ate rahate haiN| Azcarya kA tathya yaha hai ki ina utAracaDhAvoM ke bIca meM bhI adhikAMza rUpa se caritra-nirmANa kI kramikatA banI rahatI hai| anakala paristhitiyoM meM caritra nirmANa kI manovRtti ko protsAhana milatA hai to pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM bhI janAkroza ke kAraNa isa manovRtti ko puSTa karane kA hI sAmAjika AyAsa ubharatA hai| niSkarSa yaha ki caritra-nirmANa kA kArya kisI bhI samaya meM aprAsaMgika nahIM hotaa| __ caritra aura saMskRti eka dUsare meM antarnihita zabda hai, kyoMki caritra kA samagra rUpa hI saMskRti meM pratibimbita hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki donoM zabdoM kI vyAkhyA meM bhI kAphI samAnatA hai| Adhunika rAjanIti ke dArzanika tathA bhArata : eka khoja ke lekhaka paM. javAharalAla neharU ke zabdoM meM saMskRti hai-'saMsAra bhara meM jo bhI sarvottama bAteM jAnI yA kI jAtI hai, unase apane Apako paricita krnaa|' ve Age kahate haiM-saMskRti zArIrika yA mAnasika zaktiyoM kA prazikSaNa, dRr3hIkaraNa yA vikAsa athavA usase utpanna avasthA hai| mana caritra, AcAra athavA ruciyoM kI pariSkRti yA zuddhi 243

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sucaritram yaha sabhyatA kA bhItara se prakAzita ho uThanA hai| ___ caritra nirmANa athavA saMskRti ke do rASTrIya pahalU haiM-eka, vaha zakti jo bAharI upakaraNoM ko pacAkara samanvaya yA sAmaMjasya paidA karatI hai tathA do, vibhAjana ko protsAhana dene vAlI shkti| isI prakAra itihAsa ke do siddhAnta haiM-eka to, sAtatya aura dUsarA privrtn| saiddhAntika satya sthira rahate haiM, kintu unake rUpa-svarUpa meM badalAva Ate rahate haiN| ye donoM siddhAnta paraspara virodhI nahIM haiM, balki eka dUsare ke pUraka haiN| parivartana kI prakriyA nirantara calatI rahatI hai jo yadi avaruddha ho jAtI hai to krAnti zAnta parivartana ke bAhya rUpa kI jhalaka dikhAtI hai| bhArata kA itihAsa gavAha hai ki yahAM ye donoM siddhAnta sAtha-sAtha cale jisakA caritra nirmANa kI sthiti para paryApta prabhAva pdd'aa| isakA Akalana isa prakAra hai-1. vicAroM tathA siddhAntoM meM adhikAdhika udAratA kA samAveza huaa| sAtha hI sahiSNutA bhI bddh'ii|, 2. kintu sAmAjika caritra athavA AcAra meM adhika saMkIrNatA phailii| yaha virodha zAyada aba taka cala rahA hai jo apUrNa vyaktitva kA paricAyaka hai| rAjanaitika, Arthika Adi ke parivartanoM ke sAtha tadanukUla sAmAjika parivartana bhI AnA cAhie thA lekina vaisA nahIM huA aura isa virodhAbhAsa kA yahI pramukha kAraNa hai| Aja AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki aba purAne AdarzoM ke sAtha-sAtha naye AdarzoM evaM mAnadaMDoM kI racanA kI jAnI cAhie jo yugAnukUla ho, anyathA bhArata kI sAmAjika unnati aMdhakAramaya hI banI rhegii| yaha darAvasthA caritra nirmANa tathA vikAsa ke lie bhI atIva bAdhaka hai| sAmAjika parivartanoM ke abhAva meM eka ora caritra nirmANa ke kArya ko vAMchita gati nahIM milatI hai to dUsarI ora samAja kI viveka buddhi kA yathocita vikAsa bhI aTaka jAtA hai| jo samAja kI viveka buddhi banAne ke kAma meM madada karate haiM, unake nAma itihAsa meM darja hote haiM, kyoMki itihAsa hI vaha kasauTI hotI hai jisa para kAma kA kharApanA jAMcA aura batAyA jAtA hai| jaise zivAjI kA udAharaNa liijiye| zivAjI ke sainika kalyANa ke sUbedAra kI kanyA ko bhagAkara lAe aura use zivAjI ko arpita kii| usa samaya meM vaisI paddhati thii| zatru kI striyoM kA apaharaNa karane meM usa jamAne kI viveka buddhi bAdhA upasthita nahIM karatI thii| vaha kanyA sundara thii| zivAjI ne use ThIka se dekhakara Apa jAnate haiM ki kyA kahA? ve bole-'merI mAM bhI agara aisI hI sundara hotI to maiM bhI sundara hotaa|' yoM kahakara use vApisa bheja diyA yAnI use mAtRvat maanaa| isa taraha ve sAmAjika viveka buddhi meM utthAnagAmI parivartana laae| akabara bAdazAha ne bhI tatkAlIna paristhiti meM parivartana lAne ke lie udAranIti apanAI, hindU-musalamAnoM ke saMbaMdha bar3hAe aura Adarza vicAroM ko sthAna diyaa| kAlIdAsa jaise kavi ne bhI sAhitya ke naye-naye upakaraNa raca kara mAnava jIvana ko bdlaa| aise yugAntarakArI puruSa hI itihAsa banAte haiM tathA naye caritra evaM AcAra tathA naI sAmAjika viveka buddhi ke sUtradhAra hote haiN| isI taraha AcArya ratnaprabha sUri ne bhI logoM se surA, suMdarI va durvyasanoM kA tyAga karavA karake eka Adarza osavAla samAja kI saMracanA kara cAritrika krAMti kii| caritra nirmANa abhiyAna aura puruSArtha prayoga : kisI bhI kArya kI siddhi ke liye puruSArtha eka pramukha zarta hai| jitanA adhika puruSArtha 244

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mAnava caritra kA saMcaraNa itihAsa ke pariprekSya meM caritrazIlatA evaM viveka ke sAtha, utanI hI saphalatA smiip| puruSa kI parama zakti puruSArtha hI to hotI hai-puruSa ho, puruSArtha karo, uttho| pramAda meM puruSa zithila aura niSkriya hotA hai, kintu yaha puruSArtha use sajagatA bhI detA hai to racanAtmaka kriyAzIlatA bhii| isa puruSArtha ko sadaiva satpuruSArtha honA cAhie tAki caritra nirmANa kA abhiyAna pariNAmadAyaka bana sake aura tadanantara caritra vikAsa kA krama nirantara pragatizIla banA rhe| puruSArtha cAra prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM-dharma, artha, kAma evaM mokss| isakI vizada vyAkhyAeM sthAnasthAna para aMkita hai aura mata-vimata bhii| yahAM inako saralatA se samajhane ke liye dArzanika sAhityakAra jainendra jaina kI eka saMkSipta TippaNI upayogI rahegI-cAra puruSArthoM meM mokSa kI carcA nahIM kI jA sktii| saphara jisakA kAma hai, vaha musAphira maMjila ko jAnane nahIM baitthegaa| mujhe to yaha bhI lagatA hai ki jo maMjila ko jAna gayA. vaha kabhI maMjila taka pahaMcA nhiiN| dimAga se vahAM pahuMca jAnA. pAMva-pAMva cala kara kaDI mehanata ke kAma se apane ko bacAnA hI hai| kavi aura dArzanika aise hI loga huA karate haiN| ve Adarza aura svapna ko gAte jAte haiM-use pAne, pahuMcane kI jhaMjhaTa meM nahIM pdd'te| isaliye maMjila aura mokSa kI bAta se Apa khuda bhI baciye, mujhe bhI bcaaiye|...caar puruSArtha yAnI caturbhuja ko dekhanA hI ho to maiM use ulTA khar3A dekhatA hU~-mokSa, kAma, artha aura dhrm| dharma mUlabhAva aura mala daSTi hai. vahI artha aura kAma ina do taToM kI ora jIvana ko vistAra de aura vahI dRSTi phira donoM ko parasparApekSA meM vyavasthA detI haI makti meM samAhita kara de to mAno catarbhaja kA daSTa paripUrNa ho jAtA hai|...dhrm eka akhaMDa zraddhA hai, zraddhA ko vyavahAra para lAte haiM to viveka kA rUpa banatA hai aura usake samakSa artha aura kAma se rUpAkAra pAyA huA dvaita kA saMsAra AtA hai| isa samaya vistRta dvaita meM se phira eka ekatva arthAt mukti kI ora unnati hotI hai|...duusre zabdoM meM mokSa meM artha aura kAma kA parihAra nahIM hai, balki samAhAra hai| artha-kAma kI koI atirikta atRpti aura truTi mokSa prApti meM antarAya aura bAdhA hI banane vAlI hai, yAnI mokSa meM atRpti kisI prakAra kI nahIM raha sakatI hai|...pr ina cAra puruSArthoM ke caturbhuja rUpa kI kalpanA isaliye nahIM hai ki Apa aura maiM usa para aTakeM yA darzana ko usI citra meM saadhe| vaha to sirpha buddhi ke sahAre ke lie hai-usase adhika mahattva denA bhUla karanA hogA ('samaya aura hama' graMtha se-pRSTha 209-210) / mAnava caritra ke nirmANa evaM vikAsa kI yaha ucca koTi hogI ki hama zubhatA ke sarvatra vistAra ke abhiyAna ke liye apanA sarvasva nyauchAvara kara dene hetu prazikSita evaM saMkalpita bana jaae| marmajJa kaviyitrI amRtA prItama kahatI haiM-'jo kucha Apa saiMkar3oM hAthoM se arjita karate haiM, vaha hajAroM hAthoM se bAMTa deM' (sUryavaMzI-candravaMzI-upanyAsa se) Aiye, aisA caritra nirmANa abhiyAna calAveM jo Aja ke mAnava aura yuga ko guNavattA para sthira bnaaveN| 245

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saMskRti, sabhyatA, sAhitya aura kalA buniyAdI tatva caritra nirmANa ke darpaNa 1.naitikatA, maryAdA, anAsakti, kRSNArpaNa ye saba haiM aMdhI pravRttiyoM kI pozAkeM jinameM kaTe kapar3oM kI AMveM silI rahatI haiM! aai 2. kauna hai sItA aura kisako bacAeM? aura kyoM? nirAdata to Arivara meM donoM hI kareMge use rAvaNa use hara kara aura rAma use jIta kr| 3. jaba koI bhI manuSya anAsakta hokara cunautI detA hai itihAsa ko usa dina nakSatroM kI dizA badala jAtI hai niyati nahIM hai pUrva nirdhArita 246

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saMskRti, sabhyatA, sAhitya aura kalA buniyAdI tatva

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saMskRti, sabhyatA sAhitya aura kalA buniyAdI tatva usako hara kSaNa mAnava nirNaya banAtA, miTAtA hai! 4. hama jaise pahale the vaise hI aba bhI haiM zAsaka badale sthitiyAM bilkula vaisI haiM! 5. sunate haiM tuma kisI avatAra meM kachue the apanI isa vajomaya pITha para tumane yaha dharatI TikAI thI' lekina upayoga kyA kiyA thA sukomala marmasthala kA? 6. maiM ratha kA TUTA pahiyA hU~ lekina mujhe phaiMko mata itihAsoM kI sAmUhika gati sahasA jhUThI par3a jAne para kyA jAne saccAI TUTe hue pahiyoM kA Azraya leM! 7. kaha do unase jo ravarIdane Aye ho tumheM hara bhUravA AdamI bikAU nahIM hotA! 8. darpaNoM meM cala rahA hU~ cauravaToM ko chala rahA hU~ sAmane lekina, milI hara bAra phira vahI darpaNa mar3hI divAra kintu aMkita bhIta para basa raMga meM anaginata pratibimba haMsate vyaMga se| 247

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sucaritram 9. jala-sI nirmala maNi-sI ujjvala navala snAta, hima dhavala Rju tarala merI vaannii| 10. devo mujhe hAya, maiM hU~ vaha sUrya jise bharI dopaharI meM aMdhiyAre ne tor3a diyaa| 11. bAMdhoM, yaha nadI ghRNA kI hai kAlI caTTAnoM ke sone se nikalI hai aMdhI jaharIlI guphAoM se ubalI hai| 12.hara manaSTA baunA hai lekina maiM baunoM meM baunA hI bana kara rahatA hU~ hAro mata, sAhasa mata chor3oM isase bhI athAha zUnya meM baune ne hI tIna pagoM meM dharatI naapii| 13. suno, mere mana hAro mata dUra kahIM loga jIvita haiM yAtrAeM karate haiM maMjila hai unkii| 14. calanA to hamako hI hogA calane meM hI hama TUToM aura adhUtoM kA 248

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saMskRti, sabhyatA sAhitya aura kalA buniyAdI tatva zAyada kucha hogA nayA gaThana Azraya deMge hamako apane jarjara para aparAjeya crnn| 15. kyA huA duniyA agara maraghaTa banI abhI merI AravarI AvAja bAkI hai ho cukI haivAniyata kI intihA Adamiyata kA magara AgAja bAkI hai| 16. yaha darda virATa jindagI meM hogA pariNata hai tumheM nirAzA phira tuma pAoge tAkata una aMguliyoM ke Age kara do mAthA nata jinake chU lene bhara se phUla sitAre bana jAte haiM ye mana ke chAle! .. 17. o, merI pAgala parachAI, terA moha vyartha hai bilkula aba Age haiM aura jahAbharI ghATiyAM jinake hara patthara ke nIce mauta chipI hai| 18. nyAya-anyAya, sadAsada, viveka-aviveka kasauTI kyA hai? Arivara kasauTI kyA hai? aura lahareM thapakI dekara tumheM sulA detI haiM so jAo, yogezvara jAgaraNa svapna hai, chalanA hai, mithyA hai! 249

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sucaritram ye kAvyAMza saMvedanazIla kavi DaoN. dharmavIra bhAratI ke kAvya graMthoM-aMdhA yuga (1-4) sAta gIta varSa (18) ThaMDA lohA (15-17) tathA kanupriyA (18) se liye gaye haiN| jo dhyAna se inheM par3hA jAegA to anubhUti hogI ki caritra ke khokhalepana para kavi hRdaya meM kitanI athAha pIr3A hai, mana ke liye kaisA adbhuta jAgaraNa hai evaM avatAroM ke prati bhI kitanA kaTAkSa hai? caritra vikAsa meM saMskRti prANa tattva hai to sabhyatA usakA bhautika tattva : caritra nirmANa evaM vikAsa ke pravAha ko satata pravahamAna banAye rakhane ke liye aneka tattvoM evaM sadguNoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, jinameM se kucha yoM ginAye jA sakate haiM-saMvedanazIla evaM mahattvAkAMkSI hArdikatA, tyAga evaM samarpaNa kI bhAvanA, athaka kAryazIlatA, mAnava jAti kI ekarUpatA meM vizvAsa, vasudhaiva kuTumbakam kA bhAva, para pIr3A vihvalatA, saMkalpabaddhatA, karmaThatA aadi| aisI vRttiyA~ sakriya rahe aura AcaraNa tathA vyavahAra meM kAryAnvita hotI raheM to usase vyakti evaM samUha kI Adarza sthiti sRjita hotI hai| aisA sRjana caritra pravAha ko akSuNNa banAye rakha sakatA hai| dUsare, caritra nirmANa tathA vikAsa kI prakriyA ko satata kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki isakA kArya, prabhAva aura pariNAma bhI satata calatA hai| caritra nirmANa kA pravAha pratibimbita hotA hai samAja yA samUhoM ke svastha saMcAlana meM aura yaha svastha saMcAlana nirmita karatA hai unnatizIla saMskRti evaM sabhyatA tathA racatA hai preraka sAhitya evaM kalA kI kRtiyaaN| isIliye kahA jAtA hai ki yadi caritra pravAha kA samyak Akalana karanA hai to saMskRti, sabhyatA, sAhitya evaM kalA ko darpaNa meM bArIkI se jhAMko aura mImAMsA karo usakI zubhatA kA, usakI azubhatA kA athavA usakI unnati kA, usakI avanati kA evaM yojanA banAo caritra ke bala para sarvatra zubhatA ke prasagaNa kI unnati ko UMcAIyoM taka le jAne kI evaM caritra vikAsa ko ekAkI mArga darzaka banAne kii| caritra sampannatA hogI to vaha usa samAja, rASTra yA vizva ke bhU-bhAga kI saMskRti aura sabhyatA meM avazya jhalakegI, sAhitya meM preraNA kI srota banegI to kalA kI anupama kRtiyoM meM vibhUSita hogii| __saMskRti kI eka nizcita vyAkhyA nahIM kI jA sakatI hai, kyoMki aneka tattvoM kI sadbhAvanA meM isakI sRSTi hotI hai| phira yaha zabda saMskAra se banA hai yAnI saMskAroM kI kRti / dArzanika zrI prakAza kI vyAkhyA arthapUrNa hai-sabhyatA zarIra hai aura saMskRti aatmaa| sabhyatA jAnakArI aura vibhinna kSetroM kI mahAn evaM virATa khoja kA pariNAma hai to saMskRti vizuddha jJAna kA pariNAma hai| pAzcAtya vicAraka vobI ke kathanAnusAra saMskRti do prakAra kI hotI hai-1. parimita saMskRti jo zrRMgAra evaM vilAsitA kI ora bhAvita hotI hai aura 2. aparimita saMskRti jo saralatA evaM saMyama kI ora pravAhita hotI hai| eka anya pAzcAtya vicAraka maithyU ArnalDa ne kahA hai ki vizva ke sarvocca kathanoM aura vicAroM kA jJAna hI saccI saMskRti hai| bhAratIya cintaka sAne guru jI kA mata hai ki jo saMskRti mahAn hotI hai, vaha dUsaroM kI saMskRti ko bhaya nahIM detI, balki use sAtha lekara pavitratA detI hai| gaMgA kI garimA isI meM hai ki vaha dUsare sabhI pravAhoM ko apane meM milA letI hai aura isI kAraNa vaha pavitra, svaccha tathA AdaraNIya kahI jA sakatI hai| loka meM vahI saMskRti Adara ke yogya banatI hai jo vibhinna dhArAoM ko sAtha meM letI huI agrasara hotI rahatI hai| 250

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saMskRti, sabhyatA sAhitya aura kalA buniyAdI tatva saMskRti evaM sabhyatA ko tulanAtmaka dRSTi se dekheM / mAno ki saMskRti eka pravahamAna saritA hai to usa saritA kA prANa tattva hogA usakA satata pravAha aura yahI satata pravAha saMskRti kA bhI prANa tattva hotA hai| saMskRti kA artha nirantara vikAsa kI ora bar3hanA / vastutaH yahI prANa tattva hai caritra nirmANa kA bhI ki jisakI prakriyA nirantaratA se sadA saMyukta rahatI hai| caritra aura saMskRti meM sAmyatA hai ki donoM ke vicAroM, AdarzoM, bhAvanAoM evaM saMskAroM kA pravAha jaba saMgaThita banatA hai to vaha susthira bhI ho jAtA hai| saMskRti ko do bhAgoM meM bAMTa deM-bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika-to usakA bhautika bhAga sabhyatA kahalAegA jisameM bhavana, vasana, vAhana aura yaMtra Adi samasta bhautika sAmagriyoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai jo sAmAjika zrama se nirmita hotI hai| kalA kA samAveza bhI isI bhAga meM hotA hai| saMskRti ke AdhyAtmika bhAga meM AcAra, vicAra tathA vijJAna kA samAveza hotA hai| isI prakAra saMskAra kI dRSTi se bhI saMskRti ke rUpa kI pahacAna kI jA sakatI hai, kyoMki saMskAra do prakAra ke hote haiM-1. vaiyaktika saMskAra, jisameM manuSya apanI guNavattA, pratibhA tathA ziSTatA se khyAti prApta karatA hai tathA 2. sAmUhika, jo samAja virodhI dUSita AcAra kA pratikAra karatA hai| saMskAra ke samAna hI caritra kA svarUpa bhI hotA hai| jahAM vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika prayoga eka Adarza samAja kI racanA kara sakate haiM, kyoMki caritra bala evaM sAMskRtika prabhAva ke kAraNa samAna AcAra, samAna vicAra, samAna vizvAsa, samAna bhASA aura samAna patha ekatA kI ora le jAte haiN| jIvana jIne kI kalA athavA paddhati ko saMskRti kahate haiM yA caritra nirmANa isa kalA aura paddhati meM zubhatA, zucitA aura sucArUtA lAtA hai| isa dRSTi se saMskRti caritra vikAsa ke sAtha jur3a kara mAnava ke bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya ke samagra jIvana meM sarvAMgINa unnati ke suraMgeM raMga bharatI hai tathA naI jIvaTa saMjotI hai| yoM saMskRti jIvana kA prANa tattva banatI hai-Thosa satya kA rUpa lekara ubharatI hai| mAnava jIvana nirantara kriyAzIla rahatA hai-kabhI bhI gatihIna nahIM hotaa| tadanusAra usameM nirantara vikAsa aura parivartana hotA rahatA hai| yahI vikAsa aura parivartana saMskRti ke sAtha bhI jur3atA jAtA hai| vikAsa aura parivartana jitanA adhika zubhatA evaM sarvahitaiSitA ke sAtha jur3A huA rahatA hai utanA hI vaha dIrghajIvI hotA hai| yaha bhAratIya saMskRti isI kAraNa dIrghajIvI banI hai kyoMki yaha 'satyaM zivaM sundaraM' se jur3I hokara manuSya ke mana, prANa aura deha ko prerita karatI rahI hai| isa saMskRti ke sRjanAtmaka rUpoM se hI dharma, darzana, sAhitya evaM kalA ko bhI sammilita kiyA jA sakatA hai| jahAM saMskRti evaM sabhyatA kA saMyoga hogA, vahAM dharma hogA, darzana hogA aura sAhitya evaM kalA kA bhI spaSTa prabhAva hogaa| saMskRti evaM sabhyatA mAnavIya jIvana ke Abhyantara evaM bAhya kI zreSThatama upalabdhi hai| isameM jaba caritraniSThA saMyukta ho jAtI hai to mAnava ke mana, vacana evaM vyavahAra kI sImAeM bhI vistRta bana jAtI hai, jahAM se udAratA, sahiSNutA evaM sahakAritA ke srota phUTa par3ate haiN| yadi saMskRti hai to samajhie ki usa samUha yA ghaTaka kI rAjanIti, arthanIti, samAja nIti bhI zubhatA ke raMga se raMga jaaegii| jo saMskRti mUla meM hai aura sAdhya rUpa bhI hai to bIca ke sabhI sAdhana bhI vyakti, samAja, rASTra evaM sampUrNa vizva kI sukha zAnti kA saMvardhana hI kreNge| saMskRti ke prANatattva hone kA yahI to rahasya hai| 251

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sucaritram bhAratIya saMskRti evaM sabhyatA kI caritragata vizeSatAeM : bhAratIya saMskRti evaM sabhyatA kA svarUpa DhalA hai bhAratIya caritra ke anurUpa-jisakA pradhAna guNa rahA hai samanvaya buddhi aura sAmaMjasya kA dRSTikoNa / anya guNa haiM-sneha, sahAnubhUti, sahayoga, sahakAra tathA sh-astitv| isa guNamUlaka saMskRti kA lakSya hai- asad se sad kI ora, aMdhakAra se prakAra kI ora, anRta se satya kI ora, mRtyu se amaratva kI ora, bheda se abheda kI ora tathA sAnta se ananta kI ora gati krnaa| satya, ziva aura sundara-isakA rUpa-svarUpa hai| isa saMskRti kA mUla svarUpa hai-'dayatAM, dIyatAM, dAmyatAm' arthAt dayA, dAna aura saMyama-dasa prANoM meM se pratyeka prANa ke prati manasA vAcA karmaNA dayA karo, mukta bhAva se apitu samarpita bhAva se dAna karo evaM apane mana ke vikAroM kA damana karo, unheM sadvRttiyoM se saMskArita evaM saMyamita bnaao| ___ jaisI yaha mUla srota kI tridhArA hai, usI prakAra bhAratIya saMskRti kA pravAha bhI triveNI rUpa hai| vedoM, AgamoM aura piTakoM meM isa triveNI ke darzana hote haiN| krUratA se manuSya ko sukha nahIM milA, taba hRdaya meM dayA kA praveza huA, apAra saMgraha karate hue bhI jaba manuSya ko zAnti prApta nahIM huI taba dAna se-dene ke tyAga se usane zAnti kA anubhava kiyaa| bhoga ke sarvasAdhana sulabha hone aura bhoga bhogane ke bAda bhI jaba manuSya ko Ananda nahIM milA to usane usa Ananda kI indriya damana, AtmAnuzAsana evaM saMyama meM khoja zurU kI aura usane AnandAnubhUti paaii| isa prakAra mAnava-caritra meM eka zubha evaM sukhada parivartana AyA aura isa parivartana kA suprabhAva samagra samAja meM bhI phailaa| vividhatAoM ke uparAnta bhI vaidika saMskRti, jaina saMskRti evaM bauddha saMskRti kI triveNI meM ekatA ke tattva adhika haiM jisake kAraNa eka samanvita sAMskRtika dhArA ne bhAratIya caritra meM aise adbhuta parivartana kiye jo viziSTa vyaktiyoM ke udbhava ke rUpa meM eka ora to dUsarI ora sAmUhika AdhyAtmika unnati ke rUpa meM vizva vikhyAta ho ge| bhAratIya saMskRti evaM sabhyatA kA mUla svarUpa guNamUlaka caritra se prerita rahA hai, kintu usakA kSetra kevala vaiyaktika kabhI nahIM rhaa| yaha sadA jana-jana kI preraNA srota rahI, phalasvarUpa isakA mUla svarUpa sAmUhika yA sAmAjika hI adhika rhaa| itihAsa kI gati ke sAtha isakA vikAsa bhI maMthara gati se huA aura isa vajaha se usameM sughar3atA aura sthiratA bhI pUrI rhii| har3appA aura mohanajodar3oM se jisa saMskRti tathA sabhyatA kA zrIgaNeza huA vaha nirantara vikasita evaM pratiphalita hotI rhii| hamArI rASTrIya saMskRti ne dhIre-dhIre bar3ha kara apanA vartamAna AkAra grahaNa kiyA hai jisameM dravir3oM, AryoM, zaka evaM hUNoM tathA musalamAnoM aura IsAiyoM kA yogadAna bhI sammilita hai| isase siddha ho jAtA hai ki apanI caritragata vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa bhAratIya saMskRti evaM sabhyatA meM prAcInakAla se samanvaya karane tathA upakaraNoM ko pacA kara AtmasAt karane kI apAra kSamatA rahI huI hai| saca to yaha hai ki jaba taka isameM kSamatA kA guNa zeSa rahegA taba taka isakA dIrgha jIvana kisI bhI kAraNa se samApta nahIM ho sakatA hai| Aja hama jise bhAratIya saMskRti tathA sabhyatA kahate aura mAnate haiM, vaha kisI eka kAla, eka jAti athavA eka varga kI racanA nahIM hai| aneka jAtiyoM kI samanvita racanA hai jisane kAla ko bhI apane Upara hAvI nahIM hone diyA hai| Aja ke navIna vizva ko yadi bhArata se 252

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saMskRti, sabhyatA sAhitya aura kalA buniyAdI tatva koI sArthaka prApti ho sakatI hai to vaha yahI hai bhArata kI ajasra sAMskRtika dhArA kA zItala jala jo sabhI tApoM ko zAnta karake ekatA, udAratA evaM sahayogitA kA sukha pradAna kara sakatA hai| roga aura misra kI prAcIna saMskRtiyAM jo Aja samApta prAyaH haiM to isa para vicAra kiyA jAnA cAhie ki kaunasA aisA prANa tattva hai jo aba taka bhAratIya saMskRti kI rakSA karatA A rahA hai| yaha prANa tattva hai bhArata kA vaiyaktika evaM sAmUhika caritra jisakI guNavattA evaM mUlyavattA aneka rUr3hiyoM, kurItiyoM evaM kamajoriyoM ke bAvajUda bhI khaMDita nahIM huI hai| isI prANatattva ko sahajane, saMvArane aura damakAne kA samaya Aja A bhAratIya saMskRti ke nAma se kareM yA bhAratIya caritra ke nAma se pukAreM-donoM kA prANatattva hai isakI gaNamalakatA-jo samAI haI rahI hai sahiSNatA. udAratA. sAmAsika ekatA. anekAntavAda. samanvayavAda, ahiMsAtmaka jIvanazailI evaM samatAmaya samAja racanA ke sapane meN| vAstava meM vibhinna saMskRtiyoM ke bIca sAtvika samanvaya kA kAma ahiMsA aura anekAnta ke binA nahIM cala sakatA hai-sabake prati saMrakSA evaM vicAra sAmyatA kI manovRtti kA honA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| isI se sabake sAtha sneha, sahAnubhUti evaM sadbhAva kA madhura vAtAvaraNa banAyA jA sakatA hai, banAe rakhA jA sakatA hai| mAnavIya pratiSThA kA mUla AdhAra usakA apanA caritra hai, usakA apanA manuSyatva hai aura usake apane mAnavIya mUlya haiN| isa pratiSThA ke AdhAra guNa haiM-caritra nirmANa va vikAsa, tyAga bhAva, sevA saMkalpa, prema anurAga aadi| Aja kI duHkhada sthiti yaha hai ki isI bhArata deza meM isI saMskRti meM saMvAhakoM ne jaise ina AdhAroM ko badalane kI ceSTA calA dI hai aura dhana va svArtha ko AdhAra banAne kA dussAhasa kiyA hai| yaha jyAdA calegA nhiiN| azubhatA kI jindagI lambI nahIM hotii| zubhatA kA udaya zIghra hogA, apanI prAcIna sAMskRtika preraNA avazya balavatI banegI aura bhAratIya caritra kA navIna abhyudaya hogaa| yaha yuvAoM kI jAgRti aura cunautI ko jhela kara karmaThatA dikhAne mAtra kA prazna hai| dhana aura sattA svArthoM kA AdhAra jaldI hI DagamagA jaaegaa| __ aise samaya meM bhAratIya caritra, saMskRti tathA sabhyatA kI prANapaNa se punarpratiSThA karane kA Andolana uThanA caahie| vizva vikhyAta hamArI saMskRti aura sabhyatA na kevala hamArI hI rakSA karegI, apitu sampUrNa vizva kA trANa karane kI kSamatA usameM Aja bhI hai| mAnava vijJAna zAstra (eMthropolojI) vettA TAyalara kI saMskRti evaM sabhyatA kI paribhASA paryApta rUpa se vyApaka hai, vaha kahatA hai-saMskRti evaM sabhyatA vaha jaTila tattva hai jisameM jJAna, nIti, nyAya, vidhAna, caritra, paramparA Adi una sabhI guNamUlaka yogyatAoM tathA AdatoM kA samAveza hai, jinheM manuSya sAmAjika prANI hone ke nAte prApta karatA hai| vAstava meM sabhyatA evaM saMskRti eka hI sikke kI do bAjueM haiM jo vicAra evaM AcAra kI bhAvanAoM kI samyak rUpeNa abhivyakti detI haiN| sAhitya samAja kA darpaNa hotA hai ataH caritra nirmANa kA bhI : eka sArthaka ukti hai sAhitya samAja kA darpaNa hotA hai| yadi Apako kisI bhI samAja kI Antarika sthiti kA adhyayana karanA hai to usake sAhitya kA adhyayana kIjie-saba kucha vistAra 253

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sucaritram se jAna jaaeNge| yaha saca hai ki samAja meM jo bhI zubha-azubha, acchA-burA ghaTatA-gujaratA hai vaha samartha lekhanI se chipatA nahIM hai aura sArI tathyAtmaka sthiti lekha, nibandha, kavitA, kahAnI, nATaka, upanyAsa Adi kI sAhityika vidhAoM ke mAdhyama se avazya prakaTa hotI hai| yahI nahIM, vaha lekhanI usa Adarza dhyeya ko bhI samakSa letI hai jisake jariye vyakti evaM samAja nava caritra gaThana kI dizA meM agragAmI ho sakate haiN| sAhitya kA samAja ke lie darpaNa kA kAma karane kA yahI rahasya hai jo samAna rUpa se caritra nirmANa vidhi para bhI lAgU hotA hai| kisI vyakti vizeSa ke prati-cAhe vaha kitanA hI mahAn kyoM na ho-sampUrNa AsthA samarpita kara denA samucita nahIM mAnA gayA hai| vaha AsthA samarpita honI cAhie satya siddhAntoM ke prati, guNa mUlaka caritra ka prati tathA satsAhitya ke prati, kyoMki yaha samarpaNa dRSTikoNa ko udAra va vyApaka tathA AtmavizvAsa ko sudRr3ha evaM sakSama banAtA hai| vyakti-pUjA bAda meM yazalolupoM ke hAtha lagatI hai jo apane varcasva kA durUpayoga karate hue kaTTaratA evaM sAmpradAyikatA ko phailAte haiN| samAja ke svAsthya ke lie to vyakti-pUjA vaha dudhArI talavAra hotI hai jo antataH svAsthya ko naSTa kara detI hai| isa dRSTi se jisa sAhitya meM guNavattA ko sarvopari rakhA jAtA hai, vahI sAhitya vyakti ke caritra kA poSaka hotA hai tathA samAja kI zubhadAyaka vyavasthA kA rakSaka bhii| aisA sAhitya hI samAja kA saccA darpaNa banatA hai| vizvagata dRSTi se samIkSA kareM to pAzcAtya evaM paurvAtya sAhitya meM eka vizeSa antara hai| vahAM pazcima meM jaba samasyAeM sApha uThatI dikhatI haiM to yaha kahanA kaThina hogA ki samAdhAna kA AbhAsa bhI vahAM utanA hI spaSTa hotA hai| lekina bahuta hada taka yaha bhI saca hai ki roga kA jJAna khuda hI usakA nidAna aura samAdhAna bana jAtA hai| manovaijJAnika upacAra tathA manovizleSaNa meM isI siddhAnta kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| andara kI gAMTha kA bAhara cetana meM Akara vyakta ho jAnA hI mAnoM usakA khula jAnA hai| yaha saca pAzcAtya sAhitya meM khUba prakaTa huA hai aura yahI usakI marmadarzitA hai| vighaTita mAnasa kA citra usa sAhitya meM bharapUra utarA dekhA jA sakatA hai, jahAM gaharI becainI hai aura gaharI talAza hai| pazcima ke lekhaka ke pAsa Aja na rAha hai, na rozanI-vaha apanI hI jindagI ke Amane-sAmane hai jisa jindagI ke pAsa paMtha, paramparA, AsthA vizvAsa kucha bhI nahIM hai| vaha hai aura usakI khAlI jindgii| dUsarI ora pUrva kA sAhityakAra apane astitva se lipaTA hai, saMskRti, sabhyatA tathA prAcIna sAhitya se usakI pahacAna hai, isa kAraNa vaha astitva rakSA se jUjha rahA hai| astitva jahAM sahaja hotA hai, jIvana vahIM se AraMbha hotA hai| jIvana ke do tattva haiM-eka rahanA (Tu egjisTa) tathA dUsarA jInA (Tu liva) aura mAnasika samasyAeM jIvana ke tala para AtI haiM jIne ke rUpa meM, jabaki astitva ke tala kI samasyAeM Arthika hotI hai| pUrva aura pazcima ke samAja meM Aja jo yaha antara hai ki Arthika sampannatA ke kAraNa pazcimI samAja kI samasyA jaivika se mAnasika hotI jA rahI hai to pUrva kA samAja mAnasikatA se utara kara jaivikatA kI ora khiMcA jA rahA hai| yahI antara donoM bhU-bhAgoM ke sAhityakAroM tathA sAhitya meM bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| pUrva kA sAhitya isI kAraNa adhika nIti paraka aura vidhi-niSedha kI rekhAoM se bharA huA hotA hai| ina rekhAoM se 254

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saMskRti, sabhyatA sAhitya aura kalA buniyAdI tatva zubhatA, zucitA jaise phalita hotI samajhI jAtI hai| phira bhI isameM prANavattA kI kamI mahasUsa hotI hai| pUrva ke prAcIna sAhitya meM jo umaMga aura AlhAda dikhatA hai vaha zAyada isI kAraNa se ki taba yahAM jIvana bhAva adhika thA, Ananda adhika thA / pUrva ke dhArmika graMthoM meM bhI eka prakAra kA mukta bhAva dekhane ko milatA hai / yaha sahI hai ki dharma aura nIti kI samasyA mAnasika tala para hI nirmita hotI hai-usase pahale jo samasyA hotI hai vaha jaivika aura sAmAjika samasyA hI hotI hai| inake AdhAra para sAhitya vyavasthApaka hotA hai, upanyAsa kA avagAhaka nahIM bana jAtA hai| sAhitya unnAyaka tathA avagAhaka ghora AtmamaMthana se banatA hai, jaba cAroM ora nibir3a aMdhakAra ho / AtmamaMthana ho aura aMdhakAra ho to usameM se vyakti ko, samAz2a ko aura sAhityakAra ko utkRSTa upalabdhi avazya prApta hotI hai| aMdhakAra ko cIrakara hI prakAza prakaTa hotA hai| aba bhAratIya sAhitya kI carcA kareM jo adhikAMzataH bhAratIya saMskRti evaM sabhyatA se saMprerita rhaa| saMskRti evaM sabhyatA kA sRjana tathA sAmAjika saMracanA paraspara prabhAvita rahatI hai to sAhitya isI prabhAva ko darzAtA hai| ataH jo sAhitya kI mUla preraNA hotI hai tathA usake jo bimba pratyakSa hote haiM, vahI preraNA aura bimbadRSTi caritra nirmANa kI bhI hotI hai| isI dRSTikoNa se sAhitya jisa prakAra samAja kA darpaNa hotA hai, usI dRSTikoNa se kisI samAja kI caritrazIlatA athavA caritrahInatA yA. yoM kaheM ki usakI caritraniSThA Age kI pIr3hiyoM ke liye darpaNa kA kAma detI hai jisameM jhAMka kara pUrva sthiti kA Akalana kiyA jA sakatA hai aura sughar3a racanA ke liye bhaviSya kA Ayojana / sAhitya athavA caritra kI preraNA yahAM kI saMskRti evaM sabhyatA se prasphuTita hotI rahI hai aura ho rahI hai jisakA sAra bhAvamaya hai| sAmAjika saMsthAeM, jinameM yahAM kA pArasparika jIvana vyakta evaM vyavasthita huA hai, ve caritraguNa aura Adarza, jo yahAM ke mAnasa ko saMskAra dete haiM, hamArI saMskRti ke sattva ke paricAyaka haiN| isa saMskRti kI vastugata koI rUparekhA nahIM hai| agara yaha rUparekhA meM baMdha gaI hotI to zAyada rAjanItika AghAtoM ko apane bhItara samA nahIM paatii| taba vaha TUTa kara bikhara jAtI- jaisA anya jAtIya saMskRtiyoM kA huA hai| kisI bhI taMtra meM bhAratIya saMskRti TUTI nahIM aura usakI yahI zakti bhAratIya sAhitya evaM caritra nirmANa ko bhI prApta huI jisase donoM kI prakharatA nyUnAdhika rUpa meM hI sahI, para barAbara banI rahI hai| zAyada kucha mUlyoM kA svIkAra aura vyavahAra hI sabakI nirantaratA ko thAme rhaa| isI prANatattva kI jIvantatA Aja bhI bhAratIya saMskRti, sAhitya tathA caritra nirmANa ko pUrI taraha prerita kara rahI hai| itanA sA una mUlyoM ke bAre meM jAna leM ki jinakI vajaha jIvantatA aura nirantaratA banI rahI hai| sabase bar3A mUlya hai ahiMsA kA ki pratikUla paristhitiyoM ke uparAnta bhI hiMsA kA punaH praveza nahIM huaa| vyavahAra - vyApAra meM bhale kucha hiMsA rahI ho, kintu mUlya ke rUpa meM use svIkRti nahIM milii| isake bAda kA bar3A mUlya hai ekatA kI anubhUti jo vibhinnatA ko kama karane ke Thosa prayAsoM ke abhAva meM bhI bhAratIyatA ke asara ko kama nahIM kara paaii| saMskRti, sabhyatA, sAhitya evaM kalA ke samanvita rUpa se DhalatI hai caritraniSThA : nizcaya hI ina sabake mUla meM vyakti hotA hai lekina ye kevala vaiyaktika zakti kI racanAeM nahIM haiN| usakI sAmUhika zakti hI apAra sRjana kA rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai| yaha satyokti hai ki vyakti 255

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sucaritram jaba caritrazIla banatA hai to samAja banatA hai sRjnshiil| yaha sRjanazIlatA hI bahuAyAmI banakara saMskRti kI racanA karatI hai, sabhyatA ko DhAlatI hai, sAhitya kI preraNA prakaTa karatI hai to durlabha kalA kRtiyoM kA nirmANa karatI hai| isa sRjanazIlatA kI saghanatA hI vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika caritraniSThA ko sthAyI evaM sthira svarUpa pradAna karatI hai| caritraniSThA se sampanna vyakti tathA samAja sadA zubhatA ke mArga para hI Age bar3hatA hai, kahIM bhI azubhatA ko phailane nahIM detaa| aise samAja kI saMskRti, sabhyatA, sAhitya evaM kalA kI preraNA akSuNNa banI rahatI hai| " bhArata apanI isa catuSTya upalabdhi evaM apanI caritraniSThA ke liye svayaM ko saubhAgyazAlI mAna sakatA hai| bhArata ko lAgoM ne hinda kahA hai| hiMda siMdha se nikalA hai jo eka nadI kA nAma hai| vahI siMdha hiMda bnaa| hindU dharma meM eka zAstra, eka devatA, eka pravartaka yA eka avatAra nahIM hai| zAstra banate cale gaye aura devatA bar3hate cale gye| koI aisA mata-vicAra nahIM hai jo yahAM ke dharmoM meM na ho| Avazyaka itanA hI rahA ki paitRka pUMjI ke prati Adara rhe| isa mUla vinaya ke sAtha jo bhI AtA rahA, yahAM sthAna pAtA rhaa| isakA artha hai ki Agraha para isa saMskRti kA nirmANa nahIM hai| koI bhI Agraha burA hotA hai cAhe vaha mata kA ho yA rIti-nIti kA ho| kahA jA sakatA hai ki yahAM kI saMskRti kA nirmANa ApasI rahana-sahana ke vikAsa aura abhyAsa ke krama meM hotA gayA-vaha kisI bauddhikatA athavA laukikatA kI upaja nahIM hai| bhAratIya saMskRti ke pIche eka taTastha saMgrAhaka vRtti evaM dRSTi rahI hai-jo kucha zubha hai, acchA hai use sahejoM aura saMvAroM aura apane ko haThavAda se,dUra rkho| taTastha saMgrAhaka vRtti ke sAtha hI para (dUsare) ke prati udAratA evaM svIkAratA kA bhAva sadaiva yahAM rhaa| yaha bhAva vyakti meM hI nahIM, samUhoM meM bhI rhaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki parivAra jaisI saMsthA kA jaisA pallavana yahAM huA vaisA duniyA ke kisI bhI deza meM nahIM ho skaa| tIrtha, dharmazAlA, pyAU, sadAvarta, atithi, sAdhu, saMnyAsI-ye saba dhAraNAeM aura saMsthAeM bhArata kI nijI haiN| jIvana kA yaha samagra vicAra, jahAM dharma aura karma eka dUsare se haTa kara alaga-alaga dizAoM meM nahIM calate haiM-isa saMskRti catuSTaya meM puSTa huA hai aura bhAratIyatA kA yahI pramukha AdhAra hai jo Aja taka banA huA hai| karma ke nIce dharma kI buniyAda hai aura isa kAraNa karma vivAda aura saMgharSamaya kama banatA hai, balki donoM eka dUsare ke pUraka hI adhika dikhAI dete haiN| sva aura svakIya itanA saMkucita nahIM hai ki jo para aura parakIya ko saha na sake, balki para aura parakIya kA svAgata va sammAna hotA hai'atithi devo bhv|' isa prakAra manuSya mAtra hI nahIM, jIva mAtra ke liye yahAM ke sAMskRtika vAtAvaraNa meM eka saMbhrama aura zraddhA kI vRtti panapatI rahI hai| aisA nahIM huA hai ki yahAM ke jIvana meM kaThinAiyAM na AI hoM, kintu svakIya kA bhAva sAre virodha ko samApta karatA rhaa| isa kAraNa sAmAjika vikAsa nirbAdha bhI rahA to hArdikatA se sarasa bhI banatA gyaa| unnata caritra kI pratIka hotI hai kalA aura kalAmaya rAjasthAna : ___ unnata caritra jaba AntarikatA meM raca-basa jAtA hai, taba vaha bAhara prakaTa hotA hai kalA ke vividha rUpoM meM-lekhanI, tUlikA aura chainI kI noka se| vaha kalA svara lahariyoM meM aura zilpa kI bArIka nakkAziyoM meM jhUmatI hai| bhItara kI bhAvanAoM meM utAra car3hAva A sakatA hai, kintu eka bAra bAhara 256

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saMskRti, sabhyatA sAhitya aura kalA buniyAdI tatva abhivyakta ho gaI kalAkRtiyAM dIrghakAla taka unnata caritra, saMskAragata zreSThatA tathA akSaroM ke marma kI yAda dilAtI rahatI haiN| kalA kA jaba sRjana hotA hai taba saMskRti, sabhyatA, sAhitya kA tatkAlIna prabhAva usa para avazya hI par3atA hai, balki eka bAra sRjita hokara kalAkRtiyAM tatkAlIna prabhAva kI sthAI sAkSI banI rahatI hai| usase itihAsakAra preraNA lete haiM aura ghaTanAoM kI aitihAsikatA ko siddha karane ke lie unheM pramANa banAte haiN| isa prakAra kalA aura zilpa dIrghAvadhi taka caritra nirmANa ke sabhI tattvoM kA mArga-darzana karate haiN| __ Aja bhI kalA aura zilpa ke smAraka usa prAcIna itihAsa ko pramANita karate haiM, jisakI prAmANikatA parakhane kA anya koI srota nahIM hai| udAharaNa ke liye rAjasthAna ke kinhIM prAcIna sthaloM kI carcA kI jA sakatI hai jinameM mandira, zilA lekha, tIrthasthala Adi zAmila haiN| zrI Ara. vI. somAnI dvArA likhita 'jaina inskripsansa oNpha rAjasthAna meM batAyA gayA hai ki noha (bharatapura) meM prApta zilAlekha dUsarI zatAbdI I.pU. kA hai aura usameM zramaNa' tathA 'nigraMtha' zabdoM kA prayoga huA jo jaina sAdhuoM ke lie prayoga meM Ane vAle pAribhASika zabda hai17vIM se 10vIM zatAbdI taka ke zilAlekha haTUMDI-ajamera (pratihAroM va rASTrakUToM se saMbaMdhita), ajamera, nADola, jAlora (cauhAna zAsakoM se saMbaMdhita) tathA Ayar3a-udayapura (prAcInatama sabhyatA se saMbaMdhita) meM upalabdha haiN| cittaur3agar3ha kA kumArapAla cAlukya se saMbaMdhita zilAlekha 1150 IsvI kA hai| osiyAM, maMDora, kirADU, bhInamAla, jAlora, Ayar3a aura cittaur3a Adi meM tatkAlIna sAmAjika tathA Arthika sthitiyoM ko darzAne vAle zilAlekha bhI haiM jo 7vIM se 13vIM zatAbdI taka ke haiN| osavAla jAti ke vikAsa se saMbaMdhita zilAlekha bhI 8vIM se 10vIM zatAbdI ke bIca ke haiN| cittauDagaDha kI taraha anyatra bhI prAcIna mandiroM ke sAtha mUrtiyAM, kIrtistaMbha, deva kulikAeM, hastizAlAeM Adi bhI upalabdha haiM jo aitihAsika prAcInatA kA paricaya detI haiN| cittaur3a ke kIrtistaMbha kI tArIkha 861 I. pU. aMkita hai| isI prakAra kI kailAzacandra jaina ne bhI apanI pustaka 'enasaMTa siTIja eMDa TAunsa oNpha rAjasthAna' meM rAjasthAna ke prAcIna aitihAsika nagaroM-kAlIbaMgA, bairATha (virATa nagara), nagarI (mAdhyamikA) jo dUsarI se pahalI zatAbdI IsA pUrva meM mahimAmaMDita rahI tathA puSkara nagara, nAlIsara, rAyara, jhAlarApATana, gaMgadhAra Adi nagaroM kA bhI ullekha hai jinakA astitva 5vIM zatAbdI kA hai| choTIsAdar3I (jilA cittaur3agar3ha) kA bhaMvara mAtA mandira bhI 5vIM zatAbdI kA hai| cittaur3agar3ha ke nagarI grAma meM hI pUrva mAdhyamikA gaNarAjya se pAtaMjali (150 I. pU.) kA saMbaMdha siddha kiyA gayA hai aura dUsarI zatAbdI I. pU. meM grIka-AkramaNa huA thaa| rAjasthAna ke aise anekAneka kalA tathA zilpa se saMbaMdhita sthala haiM jahAM kI aitihAsika garimA Aja bhI siddha hotI hai| citrakalA zilpa aura bhASA para bAharI saMskRtiyoM kA prabhAva tathA caritra nirmANa kA pakSa : ___prAcInakAla se bhAratIya jIvana kA citraNa citrakalA ke mAdhyama se karane kI paramparA rahI hai| siMdhu sabhyatA kI citrakArI karIba 5 hajAra varSa purAnI mAnI gaI hai| citrAMkana meM jyAmitika 257

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sucaritram AkRtiyAM bhI sammilita hai| citroM meM sAdRzya varNana ke bAda bhAvAMkana zurU huaa| citra tIna phalakoM para milate haiM-1. bhitti yA caTTAna, 2. carma yA vastra tathA 3. kASTha, tAlapatra, patthara, hAthIdAMta aura kaagj| ajantA kI guphAoM meM vedAnta, jaina va bauddha zailiyAM aMkita haiN| yaha citrakalA pahale kAphI phailI, lekina mugaloM ke zAsana ke bAda mUrtipUjA kI upekSA se citrakalA ko hAni phuNcii| akabara ke zAsana kAla meM ise utkarSa milA aura sAtha hI citrakalA meM mugala zailI kA vikAsa huaa| mugaloM ke zAsana kAla meM aura usake bAda bAharI saMskRtiyoM kA deza kI citrakalA, zilpa tathA bhASA para paryApta prabhAva par3A aura mizrita zailI kA vikAsa hone lgaa| pro. humAyUM kabIra kA mAnanA hai ki dharma nirapekSa kAvya kI racanA islAmI asara ke kAraNa zarU hii| yaha asara donoM ora haA hindI sAhitya bhAvukatA se cintana kI ora bar3ha rahA thA jabaki islAma bhAvukatA ke bindu para ThaharA huA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki islAma kA jhukAva eka ora rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata kI tarapha huA to dUsarI ora rahIma, rasakhAna Adi muslima kaviyoM ne hindI kI kAvyadhArA para prabhAva ddaalaa| kabIra kI prema pIr3A vaisI hI hai jaisI mIrA kii| islAma kA bhASA para bhI asara huA aura phArasI ke asara vAlI urda bhASA kA janma haa| sarala hone se urda bolacAla kI bhASA banane lgii| urda-hindI ke mizraNa se.mahAtmA gAMdhI ne samAdhAna ke rUpa meM hindastAnI kA AviSkAra kiyaa| sAmAsika saMskRti bhI islAmI prabhAva se achUtI nahIM raha skii| hinduoM ne musalamAnoM ko jAtivAda kA jahara diyA to musalamAnoM ne hinduoM ko parde kA shraap| ahiMsA se musalamAna prabhAvita hue jisase sUphIvAda calA aura unakA mAMsabhakSaNa Adi kama huaa| donoM saMskRtiyoM ke tAlamela se saMgIta aura zilpa ke naye rUpoM kA udbhava huaa| yUropiyoM ke Agamana aura aMgrejoM ke zAsana ke sthirIkaraNa ke bAda meM saMskRti, sabhyatA, sAhitya kalA Adi para nayA Adhunika prabhAva aMkita hone lagA aura saba meM nayenaye badalAvoM kI zurUAta huii| Aja ina sabakA jo raMga sabake sAmane hai, use sabake sammizraNa kA suhAvanA raMga kahA jA sakatA hai| isa sammizraNa kA bhAratIya caritra para gAr3hA prabhAva bhI svAbhAvika hI thaa| caritra nirmANa kI dhAraNAoM meM bhI parivartana ke lakSaNa prakaTa hae kyoMki soca ke viSaya va dAyare badala ge| sAMskatika sammizraNa se ziSTAcAra ke mAnadaMDa badale to cAritrika gaNoM ke svarUpa meM bhI badalAva aayaa| yahI nahIM, jaba islAma aura IsAiyata kA udAra hindutva ke sAtha samparka baDhA to unakA Aveza bhI saMtulita huaa| yoM dharma nirapekSatA kA vAtAvaraNa ghanA hone lgaa| caritra nirmANa para ina sAre parivartanoM kA asara par3A jo donoM prakAra kA thA-pahale ke kucha mithaka TUTe to kucha naye krAntikArI tattvoM ne bhI praveza kiyaa| caritra nirmANa kI vyApakatA ke liye saMskRti Adi kA adhyayana Avazyaka : yaha prazna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki jahAM caritra nirmANa kA kArya hai, vahAM vizvabhara ke sAMskRtika prabhAvoM ko jAnane-samajhane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? isa prazna ke tala meM yaha ajJAna chipA huA lagatA hai jo caritra nirmANa kI vyApakatA evaM gahanatA ko bhalIbhAMti nahIM samajhatA hai| caritra nirmANa aura vikAsa kA prazna na kevala eka vyakti, eka varga, eka samAja yA eka rASTra ke sAtha hI jur3A 258

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saMskRti, sabhyatA sAhitya aura kalA buniyAdI tatva huA hai, balki isa ke saMbaMdha aura prabhAva se pUrA vizva prabhAvita hotA hai| itanA hI nahIM, caritra nirmANa ke choTe se prayAsa ke pIche bhI vizvastara kA uddezya honA cAhiye kyoMki antataH sAre vizva meM caritra kA vikAsa prasArita hogA tabhI vasudhaiva kuTumbakam kA sAdhya sAdhA jA skegaa| yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki isa virATa sAdhya kI samparti meM kitanA samaya laga jAe, lekina sAdhya to sadaiva virATa hI rahanA cAhie tAki tadanusAra yogyatA evaM karmaThatA kA prayoga karane ke prayAsa kie jA ske| ___ jaba vizva stara kA sAdhya hogA to saMskRti Adi kA gaharA adhyayana anivArya hai, kyoMki saMskRti Adi ke utthAna-patana se hI Akalana kiyA jA sakegA ki kaunase tattva saMskRti, sabhyatA, sAhitya, kalA Adi ko sArvajanIna evaM sarvopayogI banAne meM sahAyaka hote haiN| una tattvoM ko hameM apane AcaraNa meM sthAna denA hogA jo cAritrika guNoM ke rUpa meM prasphuTita ho skeNge| aba taka hama yaha jAna cuke haiM ki caritra saMskRti, sabhyatA kA janaka bhI hotA hai to unakI upaja bhii| ye anyonyAzrita calate haiN| sabhyatA Adi kA samyak vikAsa tabhI saMbhava hogA, jaba vyakti aura samAja kA caritra paripakva bane tathA paripakva caritra sampannatA kA samAja para jo vyApaka suprabhAva hogA, usI ke phalasvarUpa zreSTha saMskRti Adi kA nirmANa ho skegaa| isa dRSTi se anivArya hai ki vizva ke itihAsa ko jAneM, sAMskRtika mUlyoM ko pahacAneM tathA vizvAtmaka sabhyatA se sRjana hetu caritra nirmANa kA zaMkhanAda kreN| 259

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mAnavIya mUlyoM kA preraka dharma hI ujjavala caritra caritra nirmANa aura dharma : eka-dUsare ke pUraka eka sadgRhastha the| jaba unakI patnI kA dehAnta ho gayA taba unhoMne socA ki ghara kA sArA kAma apanI cAra putravadhuoM meM bAMTa denA cAhie tAki ghara kI suvyavasthA yathAvat banI rhe| unake mana meM AyA ki kisa bahU ko kaunasA kAma diyA jAe-isakA nirNaya to pahale hI karanA hogaa| unhoMne socA ki kArya kA vibhAjana yogyatA evaM kSamatA ke anusAra hI kiyA jAnA cAhie, nahIM to suvyavasthA ke sthAna para aisI avyavasthA maca jAegI ki jise phira sambhAla pAnA hI muzkila ho jaaegaa| yogyatA evaM kSamatA kI parakha ke liye unhoMne mana hI mana eka yojanA nizcita kara lI aura unhoMne apanI cAroM bahuoM ko eka sAtha bulAvA bhejaa| sadgRhastha sadvyavahAra meM vizvAsa karate the, ataH unhoMne apanI cAroM bahuoM ke sAmane na to koI bhUmikA bAMdhI aura na hI unhoMne apanA uddezya prakaTa kiyaa| unhoMne kiyA to kevala yaha ki pratyeka bahU ko cAvala ke sirpha pAMca-pAMca kaNa (dAne) diye aura kahA ki ve pAMca sAla bAda sabase cAvala vApisa caaheNge| saba bahueM hakkIbakkI raha gaI ki isakA matalaba kyA hai? saba bahueM apane-apane kakSoM meM lauTa gii| 260

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mAnavIya mUlyoM kA preraka dharma hI ujjavala caritra sabase bar3I pahalI bahU ne socA ki sasura jI saThiyA gaye lagate haiM, varanA isa aizvarya sampanna ghara meM cAvala ke mAtra pAMca kaNoM kA kyA mola? aura Azcarya to yaha ki ye pAMca kaNa ve vApisa lenA caaheNge| vaha ThaThA kara jora se haMsI aura beparavAhI ke sAtha usane ve pAMca kaNa khir3akI ke bAhara pheMka diye| ghara meM koI cAvaloM kI kamI to hai nahIM, jaba mAMgeMge, pAMca kaNa vApisa lauTA duuNgii| Akhira ina cAvala ke kaNoM para koI chApa-mohara to lagI huI hai nahIM ki sasura jI pahacAna paayeNge| kaNa bAhara phaiMka kara vaha nizcinta ho gii| dUsarI bahU ke mana meM sasura jI ke prati Adara bhAva thA, phira bhI use haMsI AI ki kyA socakara unhoMne cAvala ke sirpha pAMca-pAMca kaNa sabhI bahuoM ko diye haiN| lagatA hai ki sAsa kI mRtyu ke bAda unakA dimAgI santulana bigar3a gayA hai aura pAMca-pAMca kaNa dene tathA unheM mAMgane para lauTAne kI bAta isI asaMtulana kA natIjA hai| phira bhI cAvala ke ye pAMca kaNa sasura jI kA prasAda hai jisakA anAdara nahIM kiyA jAnA caahie| usane pAMcoM kaNa eka sAtha apane muMha meM DAle aura unheM cabA gaI / tIsarI bahU apane kakSa meM kucha alaga hI soca meM par3a gii| cAhe vaha aMdhI hI ho, para sasura jI ke liye usake mana meM AsthA thI / usane mana hI mana kahA ki cAhe jo soca kara sasura jI ne ye cAvala ke pAMca kaNa diye hoM, mujhe unako pUrI sAla-sambhAla ke sAtha rakha denA cAhie, kyoMki ye kaNa unake AzIrvAda rUpa haiM jinakI avahelanA kadApi ucita nahIM / usane sone kI eka makhamalI DibiyA nikAlI aura cAvala ke ve pAMca kaNa usameM ThIka se jamA die yaha socakara ki jaba ina kaNoM kI mAMga kI jAegI to vaha ina asalI kaNoM ko unheM vApisa sauMpa degii| aba sabase choTI aura cauthI bahU kI kAryavAhI dekheN| usane apane eka saMdeza vAhaka ko bulAyA, eka vistRta patra likhA aura cAvala ke ve pAMca kaNa sAvadhAnI se jamAkara use apane pIhara bheja diyA / usane nirdeza diyA ki pAMca kaNa sahita patra vaha unake pitAzrI ke supurda kara deN| choTI bahU yogya bhI thI aura sakSama bhii| sabase bar3ha kara use apane pitA tulya sasura jI kI buddhi meM aTUTa vizvAsa thA / usane mana hI mana samajha liyA ki ina pAMca kaNoM ke pIche unakA koI khAsa uddezya hai / yaha samajhakara hI usane ve pAMca kaNa ucita nirdeza ke sAtha apane pIhara bhijavA die the| * pAMca sAla kA samaya dekhate-dekhate bIta gyaa| cAroM bahueM bulAve para sasura jI ke kakSa meM phuNcii| taba sasura jI kramazaH apanI bahuoM ko cAvala ke pAMca kaNa, jo unhoMne pahale die the, vApisa lauTAne kI bAta karane lge| pahalI bahU ne cAvala ke pAMca kaNa (dAneM) lauTA diye| pUchA gayA ki kyA ye kaNa vahI haiN| bahU jhUTha na bola sakI, saca-saca kaha diyA ki una kaNoM ko to usane usI dina bAhara phaiMka diyA thaa| taba dUsarI bahU ne pahale hI saca batA diyA aura tIsarI bahU ne bhii| jaba cauthI bahU kI bArI AI to usane uttara diyA- mere cAvala ke kaNa lAne ke lie usake pIhara ke nagara dasa baila gAr3iyAM bhejanI hogii| aba sasura jI ke cakita ho jAne kI bArI thI, bole- kyA kaha rahI ho, bahU bailagAr3iyoM kI jarUrata hogI? vaha kahane lagI- pitAjI! maiM ApakI bahU hU~ to ApakI pratibhA kA kucha aMza to mujhe milA hI hai- basa usI kA upayoga kiyA hai maiNne| phira bhI samajha sApha nahIM huI taba choTI bahU ne spaSTa kiyA- maiMne ve cAvala ke pAMca kaNa khetI se utpAdana bar3hAne ke uddezya se apane pIhara bheja diye 261

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sucaritram the| eka alaga bhU-bhAga meM pahale pAMcoM kaNa boye ge| phira samUcI phasala ko agalI phasala ke liye bIja banA diyA gyaa| vahI utpAdana bar3hate-bar3hate aba itanA ho gayA hai ki use yahAM lAne ke liye itanI bailagAr3iyAM bhejanI hI hogii| sasura jI sadgRhastha the aura apanI choTI bahU ke sadAzaya se ve atIva harSita hue| unhoMne gaMbhIra vANI meM apanA nirNaya sunaayaa| bole-maiMne pratyeka bahU kI yogyatA tathA kSamatA kI parIkSA karane ke liye cAvala ke pAMca kaNa diye the| parIkSA pUrI huI aura pariNAma yaha hai ki pahalI bahU ghara kI saphAI kA kAma dekhegI, dUsarI bahU bhojanazAlA kA, tIsarI bahU bhaMDAra kA, lekina ghara kA pUrA saMcAlana choTI bahU ke hAtha meM rhegaa| ghara kI sukha zAnti kI jo itanI guNA abhivRddhi kara sake, vahI saccI gRhasvAminI hai| cAvala ke kaNa aura caritra ke guNaH racanAdharmitA ke rahasya ko samajheM: cAvala ke pAMca kaNa aura caritra ke bhI pAMca prAthamika guNa mAna leM-sneha, saMvedanA, sadbhAva, sahakAra aura sh-astitv| aba vicAra kareM ki ina guNoM kI abhivRddhi ke liye kyA upAya amala meM lAveM? caritra nirmANa ke krama meM logoM kA eka varga aisA ho sakatA hai jo pahalI bahU kI taraha . upadezita guNoM kA eka kAna se suna kara dUsare kAna se bAhara nikAla de| pahalI bahU to beparavAha thI kintu yaha varga svArthI varga hotA hai jo apane sattA-sampatti ke svArthoM ko pUre karane ke lie krodha karatA hai, ahaMkAra meM lipta hotA hai, kapaTapUrNa tarIke lagAtA hai aura lAbha va tRSNA kI daladala meM gahare phaMsatA hai| aise varga ko caritra kI rAha para lAne ke lie kar3e upAya karane hote haiN| dUsarA varga itanA kuTila nahIM hotA, lekina cAritrika guNoM kI ghora upekSA karatA hai aura dUsarI bahU ke samAna unheM cabA DAlatA hai| isa varga ke sAtha bhI kar3I mehanata karanI hogI ki vaha caritra nirmANa ke mahattva ko hRdayaMgama kara leN| tIsare prakAra ke varga ko jagAne aura sahI rozanI dikhAne bhara kI jarUrata rahatI hai, kyoMki vaha cAritrika guNoM kA virodhI nahIM hotA hai, sirpha ajJAna hotA hai| cAritrika guNoM kI abhivRddhi ke liye to choTI bahU ke samAna yogya evaM sakSama yuvAoM kI AvazyakatA hogI jo eka aura eka se nahIM banAkara eka aura eka se gyAraha banAne kI buddhi rakhate hoN| cAvala ke pAMca kaNa se jo dasa bailAgAr3iyoM meM ladI boriyoM jitane cAvala paidA karake dikhA deM usI yogyatA evaM kSamatA kI Aja caritra nirmANa ke kSetra meM AvazyakatA hai| cAritrika guNoM kI Aja itanI mAtrA meM vistAra kI apekSA hai| - isa bodha kathA ke mAdhyama se racanAdharmitA ke rahasya ko smjheN| eka kA aneka gunA kaise kiyA jAya-isakI zikSA choTI bahU kI buddhi se milatI hai| Upara caritra ke jina prAthamika guNoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, ve vyakti ke caritragata mUlyoM kI hI kasauTI nahIM banate balki samUhoM tathA samudAyoM ko sneha va sahayoga ke aise sUtra meM bAMdhate haiM ki jahAM cAritrika guNoM kI apAra abhivRddhi eka paramparA bana jAtI hai| sneha vaha marahama hai jo vicAroM ke ghAvoM ko jaldI se bharatA hI nahIM, apitu ApasI vyavahAra meM madhuratA kA saMcAra kara detA hai| jahAM sneha hotA hai, vahAM saMvedanA hogI hii| snehI kA duHkha nizcaya hI apanA duHkha bana jAtA hai| tabhI to ukti banI ki snehiyoM ke bIca bAMTe jAne se duHkha ghaTa jAtA hai aura sukha bar3ha jAtA hai| sneha aura saMvedanA se sadbhAva kI sRSTi hotI hai jo ApasI 262

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mAnavIya mUlyoM kA preraka dharma hI ujjavala caritra saMbaMdhoM meM ghaniSThatA aura sthiratA lAtA hai| ghaniSTha saMbaMdhoM ke bIca ananya sahakAritA meM kabhI-bhI zaMkA paidA nahIM hotI hai| sadA sahakAra rahe to vaha saha-astitva sabake lie surakSA ke sAtha aura zAnti kA vAhaka banegA hii| ina guNoM ke sAtha yadi racanAdharmitA kA rahasya jur3a jAe to kahA nahIM jA sakatA ki inakI apAra abhivRddhi kitane mahAn aura Adarza samatAmaya samAja kI racanA karane meM saphala bana sakatI hai? ina prAthamika guNoM ke sAtha caritra vikAsa kI dRSTi ke aneka guNoM kI gaNanA kI jA sakatI hai, jaise-sadA vizvAsa kA nirvAha, vyavahAra meM sacAI, lena dena meM ImAnadArI, hRdaya kI saralatA, sahanazIlatA tathA sadbhAvanA, hiMsA se sarvathA dUra ahiMsaka jIvanazailI ke nirmANa meM sahayoga, duHkha nivAraNa ke lie sadA saceSTatA, dUsaroM ke hitoM ko sarvopari sthAna denA, sevA hetu tatparatA Adi aise aneka cAritraka guNa vyakti evaM samAja ke saMbaMdhoM ko sarasa evaM sakriya banA sakate haiN| ina guNoM ko AtmasAt karate hue pratidina apane vyavahAra meM inakA kriyAnvayana to kiyA hI jAe kintu caritra nirmANa ke abhiyAna ke mAdhyama se cahuMmukhI prayatnoM ke dvArA inakI apAra abhivRddhi kI jAe to vartamAna vizva meM nava yuga kA nava prabhAta lAyA jA sakatA hai| AvazyakatA hai ki racanAdharmitA ke mahattva ko pratiphalita karate rahane meM koI aura kasara na chor3I jaae| dharma caritra hai aura caritra dharma, phira caritra nirmANa meM ekarUpatA kyoM nahIM? yaha mAnyatA sanAtana satya rUpa hai ki dharma caritra hai aura caritra dharma hai to isa dharma se usa dharma ke bIca kaunase caraNa uThAye jAte haiM - yaha jJAtavya hai / pahale dekheM ki dharma kyA hai? isakI aneka vyAkhyAeM haiM vidvAnoM ke anusAra, kintu Ama AdamI kI samajha meM dharma ko karttavyoM kA puMja mAnA gayA hai| yaha dharma hai, vaha dharma hai kA matalaba hai ki aisA kiyA jAnA cAhie, vaisA kiyA jAnA caahie| jahAM karttavya hotA hai, vahAM usake sAtha akarttavya bhI jur3A huA hotA hai| yadi yaha karanA cAhie to sApha hai usake sAtha vaha bhI jur3A huA hogA ki vaisA nahIM karanA caahie| isa prakAra karaNIya-akaraNIya yA vidhiniSedhoM se bharA hotA hai dharma kA AMcala / nAma vAle dharmoM kI carcA ko eka bAra alaga kara deM to kahA jA sakatA hai ki dharma jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM se saMbaMdhita karttavyoM kI rUperakhA batAtA hai| ina karttavyoM kA nirdhAraNa hotA hai anubhavI evaM jJAnI mahApuruSoM dvArA unake dharma pravartana se, samAja kI svIkRta paramparAoM se tathA badalatI paristhitiyoM meM badalane vAlI dhAraNAoM se| mukhya bAta yahI hotI hai ki jisa karaNIya ko sAmUhika svIkRti prApta hotI hai, vahI sAmudAyika athavA vaiyaktika karttavya kA rUpa letA hai| asala meM karttavyoM kA pramukha saMbaMdha vyakti ke sAtha hI hotA hai, ataH bahudhA karttavyapAlana ke dAyitva ko bhI use hI nibhAnA hotA hai| to isa krama ko smjheN| dharma karttavyoM kI rUparekhA batAtA hai jo vAstava meM mAnavocita hote haiN| karttavyapAlana se naitikatA kA AvirbhAva hotA hai jo dainaMdina vyavahAra meM sthAna pA letI hai| isI naitikatA kA AcaraNa rUpa banatA hai caritra, jo vikAsa pAtA huA sadAcAra ke mArga para agragAmI banatA hai / aise caritra kI paripakvatA hI dharma kA pratyakSa rUpa bana jAtI hai| yahI dRSTikoNa hai ki dharma aura caritra ko samarUpI batAyA gayA hai| isa samarUpa kA pramukha saMdeza hotA hai ki sadA dUsaroM ke liye vivekavAn bano / isa saMdeza kA bhI apanA rahasya hai / 263

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sucaritram 264 manuSya vyaktigata AdhAra para yaha bhrama pAlatA AyA hai ki apane jIvanayApana meM vaha sarvathA svataMtra hai, parantu vAstava meM aisA hai nahIM / kAraNa, kisI bhI samUha, samAja yA rASTra meM rahane vAle sabhI vyakti Apasa meM eka dUsare para nirbhara hote haiN| isaliye vyakti kI jIvita rahane kI icchA kI pUrti dUsare kaiyoM ke sahayoga se hI ho sakatI hai| na kevala jIvanayApana balki hamAre astitva taka kI nirbharatA pArasparika hotI hai| isakA phalitArtha yaha hai ki samAja meM sabakA jIvana Apasa meM guMthA huA hotA hai aura jo bhI isa guMthAI kI DoriyAM kATatA hai, vaha pAtA kama aura khotA jyAdA hai| sabhI vyakti yadi apanI vaiyaktikatA kA eka sImA taka hI nirvAha kareM to 'eka sabake lie aura saba eka ke lie' kI sukhada sthiti upasthita ho sakatI hai| pratyeka vyakti ke apane svArtha itane saMkucita raheM ki ve kisI anya ke hitoM se yA sAmUhika hita se kataI TakarAveM nahIM / isI udAra vyavasthA kI dRSTi hai ki sadA dUsaroM ke liye vivekavAna raho / yaha bhI kaTu satya hai ki manuSya ke mana meM svArtha kI prabalatA hotI hai| Adhunika manovijJAna bhI mAnatA hai ki 'libiDo' yAnI kAma (kAmanA) manuSya kI samasta vRttiyoM evaM pravRttiyoM ke sAtha taba taka lagA rahatA hai jaba taka ki sAmudAyika hita bhAva se use niSkriya yA naSTa na kara detaa| isI kAma ko tRSNA bhI kaha sakate haiN| tRSNA ke tIna prakAra haiM: 1. bhava tRSNA ( arja Tu liva) yAnI jIvita rahane kI kAmanA jijiviSA / 2. vibhava tRSNA (arja Tu pajesa) yAnI zakti aura sampatti pAne kI kAmanA vitteSaNA, 3. kAma tRSNA ( arja Tu enjyaoNya) / isa trirUpI tRSNA ke pIche mamatva kA mAraka bhAva hotA hai ki sattA, sampatti, sAdhana Adi kI sArI anukUlatAeM mujhe hI mile aura mila kara hamezA mere pAsa banI rhe| vaha dUsaroM kI suvidhA duvidhA se koI vAstA nahIM rakhatA, balki dUsaroM ke lie pratikUlatAeM paidA karane se bhI nahIM hicakicAMtA / manuSya ke isI ghora svArtha se upajatI hai hiMsA, jo vivAda se lekara vizva yuddha taka pasara jAtI hai| isa svArtha ko isa svIkRti ke sAtha miTAnA hogA ki saba anyonyAzrita haiM aura sabake bhale meM hI eka kA bhalA hai| isa Thosa satya ko gale utAranA hI hogA tabhI trANa hai aura tabhI dharma hai, kartavya pAlana hai, naitikatA hai, caritra hai, sadAcAra hai aura dharma kA ucca stara hai| isa viDambanA ko bhI samajhanA hogA ki jaba dharma ke karttavya, naitikatA ke niyama, caritra ke svarUpa Adi meM mAnavIya dRSTi se samarUpatA hai to phira caritra nirmANa ke kArya meM ekarUpatA kyoM nahIM lAI jA sakatI hai? isameM burA mAnane kI bAta nahIM hai aura yaha kar3avA saca hai ki yaha ekarUpatA nAmadhArI dharmoM kI apanI kaTTaratA ke kAraNa hI saMbhava nahIM ho pAtI hai| nAmadhArI dharma nAma pahale cAhate haiM-kAma ho yA nahIM isakI paravAha unheM kama rahatI haiN| ataH Aja kA yaha bhI eka racanAtmaka kArya kahalAegA ki zuddha mAnavIya mUlyoM ke AdhAra para kie jAne vAle satkAryoM ke lie sabhI nAmadhArI dharma vAloM ko sahamata kiyA jAe evaM unase sakriya sahayoga liyA jaae| dharma pravarttakoM kA antarnihita lakSya rahA caritra vistAra se svataH cAlita vyavasthA kA : aba taka zAyada isa bindu para bahuta kama socA gayA hai ki dharma pravartana ke samaya unake pravartakoM kA antarnihita lakSya kyA rahA hogA? kaunasA pramukha uddezya rahA hogA unake mAnasa meM ki dharma ke

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mAnavIya mUlyoM kA preraka dharma hI ujjavala caritra rUpa meM ve jo karttavyoM kA puMja sAmAnya jana ko de rahe haiM, unake dvArA samAja ko kyA rUpa milanA cAhie? isa bindu para yahAM kucha carcA kreN| dharma siddhAntoM kI sUkSma samIkSA kI jAe to yaha lakSya spaSTa hotA hai ki saMsAra, deza, samAja, samudAya, grAma, nagara, parivAra Adi sabhI ghaTakoM kI vyavasthA daMDa para AdhArita na raha kara caritra bala para Tike aura vaha svataH cAlita vyavasthA ke rUpa meM sthira ho ve / isa dRSTikoNa se vyavasthA sambandhI aneka karttavyoM ko pAlanIya dharmasUtroM ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jAe tAki alpajJAnI yA ajJAnI bhI zraddhAvaza unakA pAlana kreN| saccI zraddhA meM daMDa kA bhaya nahIM hotA, balki svecchA kA udaya hotA hai| aise kucha dharmasUtroM kI yahAM samIkSA kareM jinakA antarnihita uddezya caritra ko sudRr3ha banAnA hai, naitikatA kI rakSA karanA hai athavA svAsthya ko sucArU banAe rakhanA hai| lIjie sabase bar3e dharma sUtra - ahiMsA ke pAlana kI bAta kreN| ahiMsA ke niSedha pakSa ke anusAra kisI bhI jIva ke kisI bhI prANa ko na AghAta pahuMcAnA aura na usakA vadha karanA hotA hai| usake vidhi pakSa ke anusAra sabake jIvana kI rakSA karanA karttavya hai to lAbha kisako pahuMcegA ? una prANiyoM yA vyaktiyoM ko jinake jIvana para hiMsA kA khatarA maMDarAtA hai to dharma sUtra ke bAre meM pahalI bAta yaha ki pAlanakarttA ke alAvA usase anyoM ko vyApaka saMrakSaNa milatA hai| dUsare, rAjya vyavasthA kI dRSTi se dekheM to kAnUna tathA surakSA (laoN eNDa oNrDara) kI samasyA kA sahaja samAdhAna nikala AtA hai| tIsare, yadi ahiMsaka jIvanazailI kA vyApaka evaM svaicchika vistAra bar3hatA jAtA hai to dhIre-dhIre rAjya kI daMDa evaM surakSA vyavasthA kA bojha kama hotA jAegA aura kabhI eka dina 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kA sapanA bhI saca ho sakatA hai athavA yoM kaheM ki Aja pUrI zakti ke abhAva meM prabhAva DAlane meM akSama saMyukta rASTra saMgha eka sazakta vizva sarakAra rUpa 'badala jaae| yaha to kevala eka dharma sUtra kI bAta huii| koI bhI anya dharma sUtra - satya, acaurya, aparigraha, yama, niyama, caritra, naitikatA aura inake jo pAlanIya vidhi vidhAna haiM sabako vicAra meM le- taba bhI yahI dhvani nikalatI hai ki unake pAlana kA adhikatama lAbha anya ko athavA samUha ko milatA hai aura vaha bhI isa rUpa meM ki vaha samUcI vyavasthA ko prabhAvita karatA hai| kaI aise dharma sUtra haiM jinakA bAharI rUpa to dharma kriyA kA hai kintu unake pAlana kA abhiprAya yA to svAsthya rakSA hai athavA zuddhi ko prAthamikatA dene kI bAta hai| rAtri bhojana tyAga, upavAsa Adi aisI kaI dhArmika kriyAeM haiN| anekAneka dharmasUtroM ke Antarika artha ko saMyukta karake dekheM to lagegA ki dharma pravartakoM kA lakSya kitanA dIrghadarzI thA / unakA pramukha lakSya rahA hogA ki binA kisI bAharI pulisa, sajA yA adAlatI intajAma ke sarvatra surakSA aura vyavasthA kAyama ho jAe, caritra nirmANa va naitikatA se ApasI vyavahAra cale aura dharma sAre sambandhoM meM sarasatA ke raMga bhre| isa najariye se zraddhA kA bar3A mola kiyA gyaa| nAdAnoM ke lie svarga kA pralobhana aura naraka kA bhaya bhI dikhAyA gayA tAki vaha dharmasUtroM kI lIka se haTe nahIM / dharma pravartakoM ke antarnihita lakSya kA yadi dharma sUtroM kI vizada Antarika vyAkhyA ke sAtha vyApaka vizleSaNa kiyA jAe to yaha mAnanA hogA ki caritra nirmANa meM mUlataH dharma kI hI santulanAtmaka bhUmikA mukhya hai / caritra nirmANa se caritra vikAsa aura usase agale caraNa caritra kA 265

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sucaritram uddezya taba sApha ho jAtA hai ki isake bala para saMsAra meM svataH cAlita (oNTomeTika) athavA svaicchika rAja-samAja vyavasthA kA sUtrapAta kiyA jA sakatA hai| isakI rozanI meM dharma kI yaha AlocanA anupayukta lagatI hai ki vaha sirpha paraloka sudhAra ke vicAra para hI TikA hai yAnI ki usake astitva kA pramukha AdhAra vyakti hai, na ki samUha, samAja yA anya sAmudAyika saMgaThana / dharma kA yaha saMkucita svarUpa bAda meM banAyA gayA hai, jaba anuyAyiyoM yA dharma nAyakoM ne pravartakoM kI vANI kA lAbha apanI kaTTaratA aura apanI nijI prAbhAvikatA ke lie uThAnA zurU kiyaa| yaha galata vizleSaNa sAmAnya jana ko bhramita karatA rahA aura dharma kA vAstavika Azaya lupta hotA rhaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki zreSTha siddhAntoM ke uparAnta bhI Aja ke adhikatara nAmadhArI dharma tor3ane kA kAma jyAdA karate haiM bajAe jor3ane ke| dharma se upajAI isa vikRti kA nAma hI sAmpradAyikatA par3A jo uttejanA, phUTa aura hiMsA phailAne lgii| isa sambandha meM Aja vicAra, krAnti aura samuccaya jAgRti kI anivAryatA hai| caritra nirmANa arthAt dharma ke AcaraNa kA pradhAna lakSya hai loka-kalyANa : __aba isa bhrama ko dUra karane kA yojanAbaddha yatna kiyA jAnA cAhie ki dharma kA lakSya mAtra Atma- kalyANa hI hai, kyoMki vartamAna samAja racanA ne siddha kara diyA hai ki pratyeka vyakti samAja para nirbhara hai aura vaha pratyeka sAmAjika gatividhi se prabhAvita hotA hai| vyakti kA koI bhI ekAkI uddezya taba taka sArthaka nahIM, jaba taka use samAja kA sahayoga nahIM miltaa| yaha bhrama bhI nirmUla ho ki dharma kevala bhAvI janma ko hI dekhatA aura sudhAratA hai, kyoMki yadi vartamAna vikRta hI banA rahA to usakI nIMva para bhaviSya uttama kaise bana sakegA? Azaya yaha hai ki dharma kA parama uddezya loka kalyANa hai aura loka kalyANa meM Atma-kalyANa nihita rahatA hI hai| Apa dekhate haiM ki koI vairAgI bana kara jaba sAdhutva kI dIkSA letA hai to parivAra Adi ko chor3a detA hai, kintu yaha kama loga samajhate haiM ki vaha taba sakala vizva kA hitaiSI bana jAtA hai| parivAra kA choTA dAyarA chor3a kara vaha vizva parivAra ko apanA letA hai aura tadanusAra hI vaha sabake kalyANa ke lie apane pravacanoM kA krama calAtA hai| vizva parivAra meM choTA parivAra to samAyA huA rahatA hI hai| isa prakAra caritra nirmANa kI bAta ho athavA dharma ke AcaraNa kI, usake pIche loka kalyANa kA pradhAna lakSya hI sAdhanArata hotA hai| yoM caritra kA nirmANa aura dharma kA AcaraNa eka hI sikke ke do pahalU haiM jinakA lakSya eka hI hai aura vaha hai mAnavIya mUlyoM kA prasAra tAki loka kalyANa kI bhAvanA ko bala mile| eka kalpanA kareM, jisake do hisse hoN| eka hissA isa prakAra kA ki kisI nirjana sthAna meM eka akelA vyakti-koI samparka nahIM, koI kisI ke sAtha sahavAsa nhiiN| taba batAie ki vaha apane kartavyoM kA kisake sAtha nirvAha karegA? vaha ImAnadAra hai para kisI kA sAtha nahIM, koI lenadena nahIM to usakI ImAnadArI kA prayoga kahAM ho? isI taraha eka-eka cAritrika guNa ko le lIjie aura usake prayoga ke bAre meM socie / pariNAma yaha AegA ki caritra nirmANa yAnI ki dharma kA AcaraNa zUnyavat ho jaaegaa| aba kalpanA ke dUsare bhAga ko leN| bhare pUre parivAra, samAja, rASTra aura vizva meM vyakti kA samparka hai, sambandha hai tathA anekAneka gatividhiyoM kA jAla hai Aja kI 266

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mAnavIya mUlyoM kA preraka dharma hI ujjavala caritra raha to kyA paga-paga para vyakti ke sAmane aisI paristhitiyA~ nahIM AtI ki yadi vaha eka cAritrika guNa kA satprayoga kareM athavA eka-eka kartavya kA samyak prakAra se pAlana kare to vaha apane va samUha ke jIvana ko sAtha-sAtha hitAvaha evaM sukhada banA sakatA hai| isake viparIta azubha vRttiyoM prathA pravRttiyoM meM phaMsa kara vaha samagra jIvana ko kalaMkita bhI kara sakatA hai| pUrI kalpanA se niSkarSa yaha nikalatA hai ki samUha meM vyakti ke pArasparika sAtha va samparka se hI dharma siddhAntoM kA AcaraNa saMbhava hai tathA unakA lAbha bhI sabake liye varadAna banatA hai| isakA kAraNa samAja va vyakti kI anyonyAzritatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki caritra nirmANa aura dharmAcaraNa kA mUla mahattva yahAM loka kalyANa meM hI sthApita hai| zrImad javAharAcArya ne grantha 'dharma vyAkhyA' meM vibhinna dharmoM kA vivecana kiyA hai, jinameM grAma dharma, nagara dharma, rASTra dharma Adi kA ullekha hai| yahAM dharma kA Azaya karttavya se hai aura gAMva meM rahane vAloM ke apane gAMva ke prati arthAt gAMva ko svastha rIti se pragatizIla banAe rakhane hetu kyA kartavya aura dAyitva hai, unakA ullekha haiN| isI prakAra nagara tathA rASTra ke nAgarikoM ke nagara kI unnati evaM rASTra ke navanirmANa evaM vikAsa ke prati kyA karttavya hai, ve nagara dharma aura rASTra dharma ke rUpa meM paribhASita kie gae haiN| yaha spaSTa hai ki sambandhita kartavyoM kA pAlana sambandhita nAgarika ko karanA hotA hai, kintu isa pAlana kA suprabhAva mukhya rUpa se samUha para hotA hai aura usakA lAbha surakSA, vikAsa Adi kI dRSTi se sabhI nAgarikoM ko milatA hai| isa prakAra kahIM bhI zaMkA kA sthAna nahIM hai ki dharma kA loka kalyANaka svarUpa bahuta vistRta, bahuta prabhAvakArI tathA bahuta hI lAbhadAyaka hai| vastutaH dharma kI upayogitA evaM pAlanIyatA samUhagata ghaTakoM meM hI astitva aura AbhAsa meM AtI hai| dharma kA pariNAma caritra-nirmANa aura usakA pariNAma mAnava mUlyoM kA sRjana : " vAMchita rUpa se prApta pariNAma ke AdhAra para hI kArya siddhi kA spaSTa anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| eka bAlaka kisI parIkSA meM baiThA aura jaba usakA pariNAma nikalatA hai tabhI jJAta hotA hai ki vaha saphala huA athavA viphala aura saphala haA to kitane aMkoM ke saath| yahI bAta dharmAcaraNa para bhI lAga hotI hai| dharma ke Antarika aura bAhya donoM pakSa hote haiM aura ina donoM kSetroM meM dharma kartavyoM jA AcaraNa karane vAle ne kitanI aura kaisI saphalatA prApta kI. isakA mApaka yaMtra yahI hai ki caritra kA nirmANa gaNa grAhakatA kI daSTi se evaM vyAvahArika rUpa se kitanA zabha banA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki caritra-nirmANa kI kasauTI dharmAcaraNa hai yAnI yaha patA calatA hai ki dharmAcaraNa kitanA kharA hai aura kitanA khoTA hai| isI prakAra mAnava mUlyoM ke sRjana kI kasauTI hogI ki caritra kA nirmANa kitanA niSpApa evaM zubhadAyaka huA hai| ye tInoM tattva paraspara sambandhita hai aura jIvana ko zreSTha banAne kI kalA meM tInoM tattvoM kA sAmaMjasya anivArya hai| isI vicAra se kahA gayA hai ki dharma ke AcaraNa kA pariNAma caritra-nirmANa hai to caritra-nirmANa kI utkRSTatA kA nizcita pariNAma isa rUpa meM sAmane AnA cAhie ki saba ora mAnava mUlyoM kI sakriya sthApanA evaM svIkRti ho cukI hai tathA unakI pratiSThA mAnava dharma ko eka nayA lokakalyANakArI svarUpa pradAna kara rahI hai| 267

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sucaritram dharma kI eka paribhASA yaha bhI hai ki dhArayati iti dharmaH' arthAt jo dhAraNa karatA hai vaha dharma hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jaba manuSya vyApakatA ke AdhAra para dhAraNa karatA hai, tabhI dharma kI sArthakatA vyakta hotI hai| manuSya karma karatA hai, kintu usakI parakha dharma kI kasauTI para kI jAtI hai| karma kI zreSThatA usake zubhatva se AMkI jAtI hai jo dharma aura caritra donoM ke lie vAMchanIya hai| karma kitanA hI prazaMsanIya kyoM na ho, kintu vaha kAmanAoM se mukta honA caahie| kAmanA meM apanA svArtha chipA rahatA hai aura svArtha ke rahate karma meM zubhatva kI pUrNatA nahIM bntii| niHsvArtha karma hI sadA zubha hotA hai aura jo zubha hai vahI dharma hai, vahI caritra hai| pAzcAtya dArzanika kAMTa ke anusAra karma tabhI zubha hai jaba kartavya buddhi se kiyA gayA ho| kisI karma kA sampAdana kisI bhAvanA yA Avega kI paritRpti ke lie nahIM, balki karttavya buddhi ke Adeza se honA caahie| usake anusAra karma ke zubhAzubhatva ko parakhane ke lie pAMca sUtra haiM :-1. sArvabhauma vidhAna sUtra-sarvatra prayukta niyamoM kA pAlana, 2. prakRti vidhAna sUtra-prakRti ke sArvabhauma niyamoM kA pAlana, 3. svayaM sAdhya sUtra-apane vyaktitva meM pratyeka para puruSa ke vyaktitva meM nihita mAnavatA kA eka hI samaya meM sAdhya ke rUpa meM prayoga, 4. svataMtratA sUtra-apane ko sArvabhauma vidhAna banAne vAlI samajha ke niyamoM kA pAlana tathA 5. sAdhyoM kA rAjya sUtra-eka sArvabhauma rAjya ke vidhAyaka sadasya ke nAte sAdhyoM ke niyamoM kA pAlana (nItizAstra kA sarvekSaNa, pRSTha 240-241) / ina sabhI nIti sUtroM meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM samatva, anAsakti, Atmavat dRSTi Adi ke bhAva dikhAI dete haiN| kAMTa indriya-nigraha kA prabala pakSapAtI hai, jo AcArAMga ke kathana se mela khAtA hai ki sAdhaka ko bhAva srota kA parijJAna karake damanendriya banakara saMyama meM vicaraNa karanA cAhie (1-3-2) / niSkarSa yaha hai ki dharma kA AcaraNa vibhinna kartavyoM ke rUpa meM zuddha evaM zubha bhAva se kiyA jAnA cAhie, tabhI vaha caritra-nirmANa evaM vikAsa ke rUpa meM pratiphalita hotA hai tathA isI phalazruti ke anusAra una zreSTha mAnavIya mUlyoM kI sthApanA evaM pratiSThA kI jA sakatI hai jo sabako Atmaupamya dRSTi se dekhate haiN| vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika caritra ke santulana kI Dora dharma ke pAsa : mAnava jIvana eka hotA hai, parantu usake pakSa aneka hote haiN| usakA apanA vyaktitva hotA hai to parivAra ke dAyare meM vibhinna sambandhoM kA nirvAha karatA hai tathA unheM sneha evaM sahayoga ke sUtroM se bAMdhe rakhatA hai| jAti yA varga kA sadasya hone ke nAte usake zubha kAryoM kA bhI vaha bhAgIdAra banatA hai to rASTra evaM vizva kI nAgarikatA ke niyamoM evaM kartavyoM kA bhI vaha pAlana karatA hai| kahA jA sakatA hai ki usakA vyaktitva kevala vaiyaktika hI nahIM rahatA, apitu bahuAyAmI svarUpa le letA hai aura isI se upajatA hai usakA vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika kartavyoM kA puMja arthAt usakA dharma, usakA caritra, usakI naitikatA, usakA sadAcAra aura usakA carama utthAna / isI pRSThabhUmi meM upajatI hai usake vaiyaktika tathA sAmAjika caritra ke svastha santulana kI samasyA, jisakA samAdhAna kA sUtra dharma ke pAsa hai jo usake AcaraNa kI saphalatA ke sAtha jur3A huA hai| isa sambandha meM dharmAcaraNa kI pramukha dRSTi honI cAhie, anekAntavAdI dRSTi jisakI kucha carcA pahale 268

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mAnavIya mUlyoM kA preraka dharma hI ujjavala caritra ho cukI hai aura jo vicAra samanvaya ke lie vizva vikhyAta siddhAnta 'thyorI oNpha rileTiviTI' ke rUpa meM mAnyatA prApta kara cukA hai| vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika dharmAcaraNa, caritra-nirmANa athavA sAdhanA ke santulana ke sambandha meM sva. upAdhyAya amara muni ke vicAra ullekhanIya hai| unakA kathana hai-"jaina dharma kI mUla paramparA meM Apa dekheMge ki vahAM sAdhanA ke kSetra meM vyakti svataMtra hokara akelA bhI calatA hai aura samUha yA saMgha ke sAtha bhii| eka ora jinakalpI muni saMgha se nirapekSa hokara vyaktigata sAdhanA ke patha para bar3hate haiM, dUsarI ora virATa samUha hajAroM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA saMgha sAmUhika jIvana ke sAtha sAdhanA ke kSetra meM Age bar3hatA hai| jahAM taka maiM samajhatA hUM, jaina dharma aura jaina paramparA ne vyaktigata dharma sAdhanA kI apekSA sAmUhika sAdhanA ko adhika mahattva diyA hai| sAmUhika cetanA aura samUha bhAva usake niyamoM ke sAtha adhika jur3A huA hai| ahiMsA aura satya kI vaiyaktika sAdhanA bhI saMghIya rUpa meM sAmUhika sAdhanA kI bhUmi para vikasita huI hai| aparigraha, dayA, karuNA, maitrI aura sadbhAva kI sAdhanA bhI saMghIya dharAtala para hI pallavita-puSpita huI hai| jaina paramparA kA sAdhaka akelA nahIM calA hai, balki samUha ke rUpa meM sAdhanA kA vikAsa karatA calA hai| vyaktigata hitoM se bhI sarvopari saMgha ke hitoM kA mahattva mAna kara vaha calA hai| jinakalpI jaisA sAdhaka kucha dUra akelA cala kara bhI antatogatvA saMghIya jIvana meM hI antima samAdhAna kara pAyA hai| ...jIvana meM jaba saMghIya bhAva kA vikAsa hotA hai to nijI svArthoM aura vyaktigata hitoM kA balidAna karanA par3atA hai, mana ke kendroM ko samApta karanA hotA hai aura ekatA va saMgha kI pRSThabhUmi ko tyAga para khar3I karanI hotI hai| apane hita, apane svArtha aura apane sukha se Upara saMgha ke hita ko, saMgha ke svArtha aura sAmUhika hita ko sadA pradhAnatA dI jAtI hai| saMghIya jIvana meM sAdhaka akelA nahIM raha sakatA, sabake sAtha calatA hai| eka dUsare ke hitoM ko samajha kara vaha apane vyavahAra para saMyama rakhatA huA calatA hai| paraspara eka dUsare ke kArya meM sahayogI bananA, eka dUsare ke duHkhoM aura pIr3AoM meM yathocita sAhasa aura dhairya baMdhAnA, usameM hissA baMTAnA-yahI saMghIya jIvana kI prathama bhUmikA hotI hai| jIvana meM jaba antardvanda khar3e ho jAve aura vyakti akelA unakA samAdhAna na kara sake, to usa sthiti meM dUsarA sAthI usake antardvandvoM ko sulajhAne meM snehI sahayogI bane, aMdhere meM prakAza dikhAve aura parAbhava ke kSaNoM meM vijaya mArga kI ora use bar3hAtA le cle| sAmUhika sAdhanA kI yaha eka mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi hai ki vahAM kisI bhI kSaNa vyakti apane ko ekAkI yA asahAya anubhava nahIM karatA hai, eka ke lie aneka sahayogI vahAM upasthita rahate haiN| eka ke sukha va hita ke lie aneka apane sukha va hita kA utsarga karane ko prastuta rahate haiN| ...jaisA ki maiMne batAyA, bahuta purAne yuga meM, vyakti apane ko tathA dUsaroM ko alaga-alaga eka ikAI ke rUpa meM socatA rahA thA, para jaba samUha aura samAja kA mahattva usane samajhA, saMgha ke rUpa meM hI usake jIvana kI aneka samasyAeM sahI rUpa meM sulajhatI huI lagI to sAmAjikatA meM, saMghIya bhAvanA meM usakI niSThA banatI gaI aura jIvana meM saMgha aura samAja kA mahattva bar3hatA gyaa| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM bhI sAdhaka vyaktigata sAdhanA se nikala kara sAmUhika sAdhanA kI ora AtA gyaa| ...jIvana kI unnati aura samRddhi ke lie samAja aura saMgha kA Arambha se hI apanA viziSTa mahattva hai, isalie vyakti se adhika samAja tathA saMgha ko mahattva diyA gayA hai (cintana kI 269

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sucaritram manobhUmi, pRSTha 407-408) / " isa kathana se ekadama sApha ho jAtA hai ki vaiyaktika kSetra se sAmAjika kSetra adhika mahattvaparNa hai aura rahegA. kyoMki svayaM vyakti ke vyaktitva kA zreSTha vikAsa samAja, samUha yA saMgha ke binA saMbhava nhiiN| yadi dharma kSetra meM saMgha kI itanI vRhad bhUmikA hai to vyakti kA gRhastha jIvana to samAja para Azrita hone se sAmAjika sahayoga ke binA saphala kaise ho sakatA hai? isa dRSTi se svarUpa, vizuddha ke sAtha samAjavAdI yA sAmyavAdI siddhAntoM kA vizvajanIna prayoga punaH saphalatA kI ora le jA sakatA hai| vartamAna ke vizrRMkhala jIvana meM yadi dharma (apane mUla evaM zuddha artha meM mAnava dharma svarUpa vAlA) apanA sahI netRtva dhAraNa karatA hai to vaiyaktika tathA sAmAjika caritra kA zreSTha santulana sAdha sakatA hai| isake lie vyakti ko bhI badalanA hogA tathA samAja ko bhI sudhAranA par3egA ki caritra sAmaMjasya dharmAcaraNa kA sabala mAdhyama bana jaae| sva. amara mani kA samAja sadhAra kA daSTikoNa bhI jJAtavya hai| ve likhate haiM-"Apa jisa samAja meM hai, Apako jo samAja, rASTra yA deza milA hai, usake prati sevA kI ucca bhAvanA Apa apane mana meM rakhe, apane vyaktitva ko samAjamaya aura dezamaya tathA aMta meM sampUrNa vizvamaya-prANimaya banA ddaale| Aja de rahe haiM to kala le leMge, isa prakAra kI aMdara meM jo saudebAjI kI vRtti hai, svArtha kI vAsanA hai, use nikAla phaiMke aura phira vizuddha karttavya bhAvanA seni:svArtha bhAvanA se jo kucha Apa kareMge, vaha saba dharma bana jaaegaa| maiM samajhatA hUM ki samAja sudhAra ke lie isase bhinna koI dUsarA dRSTikoNa nahIM ho sakatA (cintana kI manobhUmi, pRSTha 439-440) / " dharma calAe calatA hai, saMsAra banAe banatA hai aura cAritrika parAkrama kI mahattA : ___ yaha ukti vyavahAra kI dRSTi se sahI hai ki dharma calAe calatA hai, svayaM nahIM arthAt dharma ke kartavyoM va siddhAntoM kA jaba niSThApUrvaka pAlana kiyA jAtA hai tabhI usakA prabhAva prasArita hotA hai| dharma vyakti ko nahIM haMkAlatA, vyakti ko hI dharmAcaraNa karanA hotA hai| kahA hai-'dharmo rakSati rakSitaH' arthAta sarakSita kiye jAne para hI dharma rakSaka bana sakatA hai| Apake sAmane mAnava dharma ke sivAya rAja dharma, loka dharma, prakRti dharma Adi hote haiM kintu jaba Apa unakI rakSA karate haiM to ve ApakI rakSA karane meM samartha banate haiN| isI prakAra yaha bhI sahI hai ki yaha saMsAra bhI banAe se banatA hai| jaba dharmaniSTha evaM caritra sampanna vyakti kamara kasa kara saMsAra meM zabha parivartana lAne ke lie Age bar3hatA hai, tabhI saMsAra meM zubha parivartana A sakate haiM aura phira zubhatA meM parivartita saMsAra sabhI mAnavoM evaM prANiyoM ke hitoM kA saMrakSaka bana sakatA hai| isa saMdarbha meM cAritrika parAkrama kI mahattA atulanIya hai, kyoMki dharma aura saMsAra ke kSetroM ko zuddha-vizuddha evaM zubhatAmaya banAne ke lie vyakti-vyakti kA yaha parAkrama hI AzA kI kiraNa dikhA sakatA hai kyoMki caritra nirmANa evaM vikAsa ke mAdhyama se vaisA adbhuta parAkrama prakaTa kiyA jA sakatA hai evaM kriyAzIla banAyA jA sakatA hai| ___ AcArAMga sUtra ke pAMcaveM adhyayana-'lokasAra' ke saMkSipta vivecana meM muni saMtabAla kahate haiM'loka kA sAra dharma hai, dharma kA sAra jJAna hai, jJAna kA sAra saMyama hai, saMyama kA sAra nirvANa hai tathA nirvANa kA sAra Ananda hai|' prathama uddezaka (cAritra pratipAdana) ke antargata kahA hai ki vastu kA 270

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mAnavIya mUlyoM kA preraka dharma hI ujjavala caritra svabhAva hI dharma hai ataH loka meM prApta karane lAyaka kucha hai to vaha mAtra vastu svabhAva hai| vastu svabhAva kA cittavRtti para saMskAra ke rUpa meM jo prabhAva sthApita hotA hai vaha jJAna hai| jJAna ke hone ke bAda satya kI jijJAsA jAgatI hai aura satya kI jijJAsA ke bAda jitane aMzoM meM parabhAva kA tyAga hotA hai utane aMzoM meM svabhAva kI ora mur3ane kI jo kriyA hotI hai usakA nAma cAritra hai| cAritra ke Ane ke bAda tyAga, tapazcaraNa tathA aise aneka prayogoM dvArA vatti para samparNa vijaya prApta ho sakatI hai| arthAt citta saMskAroM ke karttavya ke sarvathA kSaya se nirvANa dazA milatI hai| isa prakAra Ananda, sukha aura zAnti ke dhyeya taka pahuMcane ke lie saddharma kI ArAdhanA karanA iSTa hai| parantu dharma kisako kaheM-yaha eka mahAprazna hai jisake sevana se viSayajanya sukha kI abhilASA maMda ho aura sacce sukha kI zodha kI ora mana, indriyAM tathA zarIra kA jhukAva ho, vahI dharma hai| aura aisA jo dharmamaya jIvana hai, vahI vAstava meM saccA caritravAna jIvana hai (zrI AcArAMga sUtra no saMkSepa-gujarAtI, bhAga-2, pRSTha 18-19) / aise caritravAna jIvana ke nirmANa hetu AtmAnubhUti kI apekSA rahatI hai| AtmAnubhUti hetu cintana ke kucha sUtra maiM yahAM prastuta karanA cAhatA hUM1. hama aisI cinagArI bana sakate haiM ki asat ke Dhera ko jalA ske| vAstava meM cinagArI kA hI mahattva hai| jvAlAeM to bhabhakatI haiM aura bhasma karatI hai, jabaki cinagArI bhI yahI kAma karatI hai parantu tAkata meM antara hotA hai| jyAdA tAkatavara jaldI hI nirustAhita ho jAtA hai aura cinagArI bhale hI kama tAkatavara ho lekina jalatI hI rahegI utanI ki jisase rozanI bikhare aura vikAra jala ske| vahI cinagArI hama baneM ki hamAre bhItara meM rahe asat ke sAre r3hera jala jaae| 2. hama kaSToM, saMkaToM evaM ApadAoM ke halAhala ko pInA sIkheM, kyoMki hamAre AdarzoM ne yahI sikhAyA hai| koI bhI sAdhanA sugama nahIM hotI-usake pIche kitane kaSTa bhare hue rahate haiM-yaha samajhanA nitAnta Avazyaka haiN| 3. hamAre ArAdhya gahana aMdhakAra meM camakate hue sitAre haiM, nandana vana kI upamA se upamita haiN| inakI caraNa zaraNa meM agara hama prakAza prApta nahIM kara sake yA abhilaSita kAryoM ko nahIM sAdha sake to usase bar3ha kara durbhAgya sUcaka aura kyA hogA? 4. guru kI zaraNa bhava sindhu ko pAra karane ke lie eka sundara, vyavasthita evaM majabUta pota ke samAna hotI hai, vaha pota hameM prApta huI hai| usa para hama savAra ho jAe-basa savAra hone bhara kI AvazyakatA hai, Age vaha zaraNa hameM maMjila taka pahuMcA degii| 5. hamAre bhItara meM jJAna, darzana, cAritra kI triveNI bahatI rahe aura usameM hama avagAhita bane rhe| yaha eka aisI triveNI hai jisameM avagAhita rahane vAlA vyakti sadA-sadA ke lie ajarAmara bana jAtA hai| . 6. hamAre jIvana kA kyA zrRMgAra hai? vaha hai anuzAsanapUrvaka maryAdAoM kA pAlana karanA, jo zrRMgAra hama mAnava hI kara sakate haiM, anya pazu pakSI Adi jAnavara nahIM kara sakate haiN| 271

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sucaritram 7. hamArI pragati kA AdhAra kyA hai? yaha to nahIM ki hama kitanA khoja sakate haiM yA bola sakate haiM yA anya kAryoM ko kara sakate haiM-ye pragati ke bAharI mAnadaMDa ho sakate haiM, parantu bhItarI pragati ke AdhAra to hamArI saralatA, sahajatA aura cAritrika zakti hI ho sakatI hai| 8. hamAre Ananda ke dvAra kyA ho sakate haiM? mRdutA, maitrI, sarvahitaiSitA hI hamAre Ananda ke dvAra ho sakate haiN| 9. kalpanAoM kA indraloka bar3A suramya hotA hai, parantu usase prApta kucha nahIM hotaa| hameM to yathArthatAoM ke indraloka meM vicaraNa karanA cAhie, jahAM prApta hI prApta hotA hai| 10. khile hue phUla kI taraha hama sadaiva muskurAte raheM, kyoMki murajhAye phUla ko koI nahIM cAhatA, vaise hama bhI murajhAyA ceharA rakheMge to hameM bhI koI nahIM caahegaa| 11. jaba hama vicAroM ko abhivyakta karane lagate haiM, taba hameM apanI yogyatA kI parIkSA denI hotI hai| vicArAbhivyakti ke dvArA vicAroM meM prakharatA AtI hai| usa samaya hamAre bhItara meM rahe hue anubhavoM ke nidhAna prakaTa hone lagate haiN| isIlie jana samaha ke bIca hameM apane vicAroM ko vyavasthita DhaMga se prastuta karane se nahIM katarAnA caahie| 12. hama hamAre jIvana pravAha kI pratyeka lahara ko samyak mor3a dene ke lie tatpara raheM-balki yahI hamArA uddezya bana jaae| bahuta bAra aisA uddezya bhI bana jAtA hai, parantu vaisI karmaThatA nahIM sadha pAtI hai| hama kaThora se kaThora kArya karane se katarAne lagate haiN| vaisI kaTibaddhatA nahIM banatI, isalie isa uddezya ke anurUpa kArya meM saphala nahIM ho pAte haiN| 13. khataroM ko jhelane vAlA hI saphala hotA hai| jo khataroM ko dekhakara ghabarA jAtA hai aura kArya kSetra se bhAga khar3A hotA hai, vaha kisI vijayazrI ko prApta nahIM kara sakatA hai| vijayazrI unhIM ko hastagata hotI hai jo bar3e se bar3e khatare kA mukAbalA karane kA sAmarthya paidA kara letA hai| hamArI kSamatAeM bar3heM, hamArI upayogitA bar3heM, hamArI kArya paddhatiyAM vikasita hoM, isake lie hameM kisI ke avadAnoM kI bhikSA nahIM mAMganI haiN| hameM svataH meM aisI paristhiti paidA karanI hogI, aisA vAtAvaraNa, aisA deza, kAla, bhAva nirmita karanA hogA jisameM hama nirantara Age bar3hate hI raheM, sadaiva upayogI bane rheN| 14. kevala pravRtti paraka dharma kI sAdhanA hamAre dAyare ko vistRta banA sakatI hai, para usase kendra majabUta nahIM ho sktaa| kintu kevala nivRttiparaka dharma kI sAdhanA hI kendra ko majabUta banA sakatI hai| phira bhI usase paridhi ko sudRr3ha evaM parikRSTa nahIM banAyA jA skegaa| usake lie jIvana evaM dharma kA santulana karanA hogaa| yaha santulana hI hamAre vyaktitva ko sarvatomukhI banA skegaa| cintana ke ina kSaNoM ko sArthaka niSkarSa dene ke lie ise smjheN| eka bAra bhagavAn mahAvIra se yaha prazna pUchA gayA-'jIvana meM paga-paga para to pApa hI pApa dikhatA hai| jIvana kA samasta kSetra pApoM se ghirA huA hai aura jo vyakti dharmAtmA bananA cAhatA hai-use pApoM se bacanA hogA, kintu pApoM se 272

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mAnavIya mUlyoM kA preraka dharma hI ujjavala caritra bacAva kaise ho sakatA hai?' taba mahAvIra ne kahA - ' pahale yaha dekha lo ki tuma saMsAra ke samasta prANiyoM ke sAtha ekarasa ho cuke ho yA nahIM? tumhArI vRttiyAM unake sAtha ekarUpa ho cukI haiM yA nahIM tumhArI AMkhoM meM una sabake prati prema basa rahA hai yA nahIM? yadi tuma unake prati ekarUpatA lekara cala rahe ho, saMsAra ke prANI mAtra ko samabhAva dRSTi se, viveka aura vicAra kI dRSTi se dekha rahe ho, unake sukha-duHkha ko apanA sukha-duHkha samajha rahe ho to tumheM pApa karma kabhI bhI nahIM bAMdha pAyeMge' (savva bhUyappabhUyassa, sammaM bhuyAiM pAsao, pihiAsavassa daMtassa, pAvakammaM na baMdhai / dazavaikAlika sUtra, adhyayana 4 ) / prAcIna dArzanika arastu ne ThIka hI kahA ki manuSya eka sAmAjika prANI hai, jisakA artha hai ki vyakti aura samAja ke bIca anyonyAzraya sambandha hai| vyakti pApa karegA to samAja meM aura unase bacane kA upAya karegA to vaha bhI samAja meM hI sambhava hogaa| samAja aura vyakti ke bIca zubha, sukhada evaM sadbhAvI sambandha banAne kA eka hI upayukta upAya hai ki mAnava caritra kA nirmANa kiyA jAe, usakA samyak vikAsa ho tathA usase upajI niSThA ke bala para samAja kA yAnI ki samUhagata ghaTakoM kA sudhAra kiyA jAe jisase sAmAjika caritra arthAt mAnavIya mUlyoM kA sRjana ho / samAja aura vyakti ke sambandha eka-dUsare ke pUraka hote haiM aura eka dUsare kA pariSkAra evaM parivardhana karane vAle banate haiN| ataH samAja aura vyakti donoM kA yaha karttavya ho jAtA hai ki donoM hI paraspara sahayoga, sahAnubhUti evaM samyak santulana banAe rakhate hue cAritrika parAkrama ko prakhara banAne ke saduddezya meM tatpara rhe| anta meM Apase eka prazna pUchanA caahuuNgaa| usa prazna para Apa vicAra kareM aura apanI sthiti ko samajheM / prazna yaha hai ki Apa mahApuruSoM ke kathana par3hate haiM, pravacana sunate haiM yA svAdhyAya Adi karate haiM to unheM kyA bar3I bahU kI taraha eka kAna se suna dUsare kAna se bAhara nikAla pheMkate haiM yA dUsarI bahU kI taraha cabA DAlate haiM yA tIsarI bahU kI taraha peTI meM baMda kara dete haiM athavA choTI bahU kI taraha kaI gunA bar3hAne kI ceSTA karate haiM? 273

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274 lakSya nirdhAraNa zubha ho to saMkalpa siddhi bhI zubha caritra vikAsa : nIMva se zikhara taka eka bhAvamaya kathA hai| eka nagara meM eka garIba brAhmaNa rahatA thaa| usakA nAma thA kpil| bhikSAvRtti se usakA nirvAha pUrA nahIM par3atA thA aura use kaI bAra bhUkhe peTa so jAnA par3atA thA / usa nagara kA rAjA prAta: kAla sarvaprathama AzIrvAda dene Ane vAle brAhmaNa ko eka svarNa mudrA dAna meM diyA karatA thaa| eka bAra kapila ko bhI vicAra AyA ki dUsare dina prAtaHkAla sarvaprathama mahala pahuMca kara vaha bhI eka svarNa mudrA prApta kareM tAki kucha dina to sukha se kaTe / dInatA atyanta kaSTadAyaka sthiti hotI hai aura usameM mana-mAnasa kA santulana asta-vyasta hotA rahatA hai| kapila ko bar3e savere uTha kara rAjamahala pahuMcanA thA, lekina use bhAna nahIM rahA aura vaha AdhI rAta ke bAda hI uTha kara apane ghara se nikala pdd'aa| kucha hI dUrI para gayA hogA ki praharI ne use rokA aura aparAdha kI AzaMkA se pUchAmadhya rAtri meM kyA corI karane ko nikale ho? kapila ne sArI saphAI dI para mAnI nahIM gaI aura use prAta:kAla rAjA ke samakSa prastuta karane ke Adeza ke sAtha kArAgAra meM baMda kara diyA gyaa|

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| bktaa diihijgubii bhii | hut dilli glej|

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lakSya nirdhAraNa zubha ho to saMkalpa siddhi bhI zubha rAjya sabhA meM prAtaH kapila ko rAjA ke samakSa prastuta kiyA gayA aura aparAdha kA vivaraNa sunAyA gyaa| rAjA ne kapila ke spaSTIkaraNa ko dhyAnapUrvaka sunA aura use kapila kI nirdoSatA para vizvAsa ho gyaa| sAtha hI rAjA ko yaha duHkhAnubhava bhI huA ki usake nagara meM dInatA kI aisI dayanIya sthiti bhI hai| rAjA ne kapila ko apanA nirNaya sunAyA-'brAhmaNa, tuma nirdoSa ho, isalie mukta kiye jAte ho|' kapila ne rAjA kA jayakAra kiyA aura vaha jAne ke lie mur3A tabhI rAjA ne use rokA aura kahA-'brAhmaNa, tumhArI dInatA se mujhe bahuta duHkha pahuMcA hai| eka svarNa mudrA ke sthAna para tuma mujhase manacAhI mAMga kara sakate ho| bolo-tumheM kyA cAhie?' kapila bhauMcakkA raha gyaa| usa samaya vaha daMDita nahIM huA-yahI usake lie saMtoSa kA viSaya thaa| kintu rAjA to usakI manacAhI mAMga pUrI karane ke lie taiyAra hai to vaha kyA mAMga le? vaha kucha bhI tatkAla soca nahIM paayaa| taba usane rAjA se nivedana kiyA-'rAjan, mujhe manacAhI mAMga para socane ke lie kucha samaya diyA jaay|' rAjA ne turanta usakI bAta mAna lI aura use socane ke lie mahala ke pAsa vAle udyAna meM bheja diyaa| udyAna kI eka zilA para baiTha kara kapila brAhmaNa ne socanA zurU kiyA-rAjA kitane dayAlu haiM? daMDa na dekara varadAna hI de ddaalaa| aba eka svarNa mudrA to mAmUlI mAMga raha gaI hai| kucha itanA to mAMga hI lUM ki kucha samaya ke lie dInahIna avasthA se chuTakArA mila jAe... to kyA mAMgU? dasa svarNa mudrAeM ThIka rahegI? pAgala ho rahA hai kyA? jaba rAjA kucha bhI dene ko taiyAra hai to dila khola kara hI maaNguu| basa, bahuta ho jAyagA-sau svarNa mudrAeM mAMga lUM-eka bAra to garIbI kA galA hI daba jaaygaa| prApta dhana se kucha dhaMdhA kara lUMgA aura isa taraha jIvanayApana sarala ho jAegA.... aMtima nirNaya ke vicAra se vaha uThane lagA tabhI usake mana ne joradAra phaTakAra lagI ki vaha punaH dham se baiTha gyaa| pAgala mana, use bhaTakAne lagA-mUrkha, jaba rAjA de hI rahA hai to tU mAMgane meM DhIlA kyoM ho rahA hai? dama sAdha aura bharapUra mAMgane kA phaisalA kara le| phira prazna-taba kyA mAMgU? hajAroM svarNa mudrAeM, bhavya bhavana, sukha suvidhAeM, sajjA sAmagrI... aura kyA-kyA? na mAMgane kI sUcI kA aMta A rahA thA aura na aMtima nirNaya kA kSaNa... lobha kI mAMge bar3hatI hI jA rahI thii| Akhira anta para hI lobha kA anta ho gayA-kapila ne nirNaya le liyA ki vaha rAjA se usakA pUrA rAjya hI mAMga le aura vaha apane sthAna se uTha khar3A huaa| parantu kapila kA pAMva jaise dharatI para jama gayA-usakA kadama Age nahIM bddh'aa| use lagA jaise usake mastiSka ko koI jora kA jhaTakA mahasUsa huA ho aura vaha bhramita sA ho gyaa| dhIre-dhIre jaba usakI cetanA lauTI to usake soca ne ekadama viparIta dizA pakar3a lI... maiM kitanA adhama nikalA ki rAjA ne dayA dikhAI to maiMne use hI dInahIna banA DAlane kA nizcaya kara liyA... merI nIcatA ne to kisI sImA taka kA khyAla nahIM kiyaa| mujhe kucha bhI nahIM mAMganA hai balki apane duSTa vicAroM kA prAyazcitta karanA hogA-jo merI dInatA miTAne lagA use hI apane jaisA dIna banAne kA kuvicAra Akhira mere mana meM upajA hI kyoM? bAra-bAra kapila svayaM ko dhikkArane lgaa| bhAvamayatA jaba janma letI hai aura vaha utkRSTatara zreNiyoM meM unnata banatI jAtI hai taba alpatama 275

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sucaritram samaya meM hI vaha utkRSTatA ke aMtima bindu taka bhI pahuMca jAtI hai| bhAvamayatA kI yahI vizeSatA ha ki vaha caritra vikAsa ko kucha hI kSaNoM meM paripUrNa banA detI hai| bhAva hI nIMva aura bhAva hI zikhara bana jAtA hai, usa anupama caritra vikAsa kaa| yahI utkRSTatA kapila brAhmaNa ko bhI prApta ho gii| usakA caritra vikAsa paripUrNa bana gayA aura use sarvocca jJAna kevalya jJAna kI upalabdhi ho gii| kapila kevalI vahIM dhyAnastha ho gye| dharma, saMskAra, vAtAvaraNa se upajI bhAvamayatA nIMva kI pahalI IMTa : buddhi aura bhAva meM bheda karanA hogaa| buddhi to mAnava mAtra meM hotI hai, parantu bhAva kI sRSTi dharma kI utkRSTatA, pUrva saMskAroM kI zreSThatA tathA zubhatAmaya vAtAvaraNa para nirbhara karatI hai| dharma, saMskAra tathA vAtAvaraNa ke prabhAva se buddhi antaHkaraNa se jur3atI hai taba buddhi meM viveka paidA hotA hai jo Antarika jAgRti kA lakSaNa banatA hai| vivekahIna buddhi vikalpAtmaka rahatI hai-eka nirNaya para pahuMca nahIM pAtI, kintu vivekayukta buddhi nirNayAtmaka ho jAtI hai| nirNaya le sakane kI zakti ke sAtha hI usake do supariNAma sAmane Ate haiN| eka to yaha ki pragati kI dizA spaSTa ho jAtI hai aura dhyeya kI spaSTatA ke kAraNa saccA puruSArtha niyojita karane kI kSamatA sabhadra ho jAtI hai| dUsare, satyA satya ke nirNaya se hArdika vikAsa gati pakar3atA hai aura bhAvamayatA kI anubhUti ko yadi caritra vikAsa kI nIMva kI pahalI IMTa kaheM to samIcIna hogaa| bhAvAnubhUti hI bhAva pravaNatA evaM bhAva utkRSTatA kA vikAsa karatI hai| isa vikAsa ko hI saccA cAritrika vikAsa kahanA hogA jo utkRSTatara kI sIr3hiyoM para car3hatA huA utkRSTatama ke apane aMtima dhyeya ko prApta karatA hai| yaha sahI hai ki antaHkaraNa kI jAgRti meM jJAna kI pUrva bhUmikA niHsandeha anivArya hai, kintu caritra kA vikAsa to svayaM sAdhaka kI yogyatA evaM kSamatA para hI nirbhara karatA hai ki vaha usa jJAna ko AcaraNagamya kitanI utkRSTatA se banA pAtA hai| isI prakAra bhAvamayatA kI avasthA ke lie dharma, saMskAra tathA vAtAvaraNa kI pUrva bhUmikA Avazyaka hai, kintu anta:karaNa kI jAgRti ke starAnusAra hI caritra kA ' vikAsa saMbhava banatA hai| antaHkaraNa kI jAgRti hI bhAvamayatA ko janma detI hai aura viveka buddhi use dulAratI hai| bhAvamayatA jyoM-jyoM adhikAdhika zubha, zuddha aura gaharI hotI jAtI hai, tyoM-tyoM AcaraNa sudRr3ha banatA jAtA hai tathA caritra vikAsa kI gati tIvratA pakar3atI jAtI hai| kabhI-kabhI to yaha vikAsa itanA tIvramaya ho jAtA hai ki kapila kevalI ke samAna kucha hI kSaNoM meM apane carama bindu taka pahuMca jAtA hai| yaha bhAvamayatA kI ativiziSTatA kI avasthA hotI hai, kintu sAmAnyatayA yadi saMkalpabaddhatA banI rahe to bhAvamayatA ke vikAsa meM nirantara sakriyatA jArI rahatI hai| bhAva ke patana meM jaise bandhanoM kI jakar3a bar3hatI hai, vaise hI bhAvoM ke utthAna meM mukti kA mArga prazasta hotA hai| mana aura indriyA~ taba bhI apanI grahaNazIlatA ko nahIM badalatI, kintu bhAvamayatA ke kAraNa AtmA kI saMlagnatA vahAM nahIM rhtii| vAstava meM baMdhana na to zarIra aura na hI mana va indriyA~ bAMdhatI hai, balki bhAvamayatA ke abhAva meM AtmA hI baMdhana bAMdhatI hai aura usake sadbhAva meM vahI baMdhanoM ko tor3a bhI detI hai| AMkha jaba hai to ve rUpa ko grahaNa karegI-acchA yA burA dRzya unake sAmane AegA kintu AtmA jaba bhAvamaya 276

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lakSya nirdhAraNa zabha ho to saMkalpa siddhi bhI zubha hotI hai to AMkheM dRzya bhale dekheM-bhAvoM meM na rAga AegA aura na dveSa tathA isa prakAra vaha dRzya Atmazakti ko kisI bhI rUpa meM prabhAvita nahIM kara paaegaa| mana meM yadi kisI prakAra kA durvikalpa na uThe to AMkhe kucha bhI dekheM, koI hAni nahIM hogii| aisA hI anya indriyoM, zarIra yA mana ke sAtha bhI smjhie| mukhya bAta yahI hai ki bhAvoM meM rAga dveSa kI gahanatA paidA na ho| yaha nahIM hai to bAhara meM bhI padArthoM ke lie tRSNA, lobha yA saMgraha kA vicAra nahIM rhegaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina darzana ne sonA, cAMdI Adi ke sthUla parigraha se pahale bhAva parigraha mUrchA, Asakti Adi ko tyAjya kahA hai| bhAvamayatA kI eka-eka IMTa nIMva ko ahiMsA para AdhArita banA degI : bhAva kA 'bhAva' na sirpha cAritrika jIvana meM UMcA hotA hai, balki Aja ke laukika vyavahAra aura kAnUna ke kSetra taka meM bhI UMcA hotA hai| lokAcAra meM agara AntarikatA nahIM hotI to use koI nahIM caahegaa| kAnUna kI takanIka meM bhI nIyata (iMTenzana) kA bar3A pharka par3atA hai| vAstavikatA yahI hai ki koI bhI kriyA-cAhe vaha dhArmika hI kyoM na ho, yadi bhAvoM para AdhArita nahIM hai to vaha mRta zarIra ke samAna heya hI khlaaegii| bhAva hI vaha prANa hai jo kisI bhI kriyA ko jIvanta, prabhAvotpAdaka tathA preraNAspada banAtA hai| caritra vikAsa kI nIMva meM bhAvamayatA kI pahalI IMTa ke bAda bhAvamaya guNoM kI jo eka-eka IMTa . viveka evaM kartavya buddhi ke sAtha rakhI jAegI to nizcita mAnie ki pUrI nIMva ahiMsA para AdhArita bana jaaegii| ahiMsA kA AdhAra hI caritrazIlatA kI utkRSTa koTi kI racanA karegA, pUrI jIvanazailI ko ahiMsAmaya banAegA aura dharma ko saddharma kA svarUpa pradAna kregaa| nIMva kI ye eka-eka IMTe kyA ho sakatI hai-isa para vicAra kreN| ___ 1. AdarzonmukhatA : caritra vikAsa kI kriyAzIlatA meM Adarza sadA sAmane rahe tAki kabhI bhI mArga kA bhrama paidA na ho aura unhIM sAdhanoM kA cayana ho sake, jo sAdhya taka le jAte hoN| 2. nyAyapriyatA : jIvana kA koI bhI kSetra ho, nyAya para sadA najara rahanI caahie| kisI ke bhI sAtha kisI bhI kAraNa se kisI bhI prakAra kA anyAya kadApi nahIM honA cAhie tathA apanI kisI svArtha pUrti ke lie to kataI nhiiN| itanA hI nahIM, sarvatra nyAya rakSA kA prayAsa honA cAhie, apitu nyAya rakSA ke lie sarvasva taka nyauchAvara kara dene kI tatparatA rahanI caahie| 3. svAvalambana : vyakti ke jIvana nirvAha kA prazna ho athavA parivAra, gAMva Adi ke saMcAlana kA prazna-svAvalambana-apanA hI Azraya sarvopari mAnA aura amala meM lAyA jAnA caahie| apane choTe-choTe kAma bhI naukaroM yA AtmIyoM se karavA kara Azrita nahIM honA cAhie balki sarvatra yaha Adata aura prathA DhAlanI cAhie ki apanA kAma saba khuda kreN| parivAra bhI svAzrita honA cAhie to grAma kI arthanIti bhI svAvalambI bananI caahie| __4. zrama niSThA : koI bhI kAma choTA nahIM hotA aura kisI bhI kAma ko khuda karane meM zarma mahasUsa nahIM honI caahie| zarma to jhUThI raIsI para AnI caahie| pUrNa zramika kA kArya na ho taba bhI zrama ke prati niSThA jarUrI hai aura pratidina kucha na kucha zrama karane kI Adata DAlanI caahie| 277

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sucaritram 5. vyavasAya zuddhi : jIvana nirvAha ke lie sabako kucha na kucha vyavasAya-adhyavasAya karanA hotA hai kintu vaha zuddha ho arthAt kisI kA bhI hitaghAtaka na ho-yaha dhyAna rhe| hiMsA ke ArambhasamArambha kI dRSTi meM bhI bar3A bhrama hai| khAnoM, jaMgaloM, rasAyanoM Adi kA dhaMdhA kara leMge, lekina khetI ko mahAraMbhI kheNge| isameM sirpha sAmantI khyAla hai, hiMsA kA nhiiN| pandraha karmAdAna tyAjya haiM parantu khetI kaI vyavasAyoM se adhika zuddha vyavasAya hai-yaha dharmanAyakoM ne siddha kiyA hai| 6. ziSTAcAra-sahayoga : bhAvamayatA kI yaha lAkSaNikatA hai ki sabake sAtha ati ziSTa vyavahAra hogA hii| yaha ziSTatA korI dikhAU nahIM hogI balki hArdikatA se bharI huI hogI jisake phalasvarUpa samparka meM Ane vAle sajjana ke sukha-duHkha ko bhI vaha samajhegI aura Avazyaka sahayoga ke lie tatkAla taiyAra ho jaaegii| 7. satsaMgati kI cAha : jaisA bhAva hogA, vaisA hI vyavahAra banegA tathA usake anusAra bhAvamaya caritra sAdhaka guNI puruSoM kI saMgati meM rahane, unake guNoM ko apane jIvana meM sthAna dene tathA guNa sampannatA ko Adarza banAne kI hamezA cAha rakhegA, kyoMki satsaMgati arthAt guNI puruSoM kI saMgati kA sambala usake lie bar3A sahAyaka rahatA hai| 8. burAI kA virodha sadicchA se : kahIM bhI koI burAI ho, anyAya ho, damana yA utpIr3ana ho, caritra vikAsa kI prakriyA meM vaha asahya mAnA jAnA caahie| usakA pUrA virodha honA cAhie, lekina isa sadicchA ke sAtha ki burAI karane vAle kA dila badalegA aura burAI hamezA ke lie miTa jaaegii| isameM sahiSNutA aura dhIraja ke guNoM kA pUrA prayoga honA caahie| 9. mUrchArahita parigraha santulana : gRhastha kA kAma dhana ke binA nahIM calatA ataH arthopArjana karanA hotA hai| isake upArjana aura vyaya meM santulana rahanA cAhie tathA saMcaya kI duSpravRtti kabhI bhI nahIM panapanI caahie| yaha tabhI saMbhava hai jaba parigraha ke prati mUrchA aura Asakti kA vicAra na ho| parigraha kA saMtulana parivAra tathA samAja ke kSetra meM bhI Avazyaka hai| 10. vicAra samanvaya : vicAroM ke vivAda ko tyAga kara samanvaya ke mArga para jAne kA yahI upAya hai ki Apa saba vicAroM kA sammAna kareM, sabako suneM, samajheM aura saba meM rahe hue satyAMzoM ko grahaNa kreN| isase vibhinna vicArakoM meM mela hogA to sabameM se chana kara satya kA svarUpa prakAzita hogaa| 11.nirdhArita dinacaryA aura svAdhyAya : yaha Avazyaka hai ki dinacaryA pUrva nirdhArita ho tAki jarUrI kAma chUTe nahIM aura samaya kI barbAdI na ho| isa dinacaryA meM svAdhyAya kA niyama anivArya rUpa se ho| svAdhyAya pahale bhale granthoM kA adhyayana ho kintu antataH vaha 'sva' ke adhyAya meM badalanA caahie| sadA samaya ke mUlya ko pahicAneM aura samayabaddhatA kA pAlana kreN| 12. guNa sampannatA kA lakSya : caritra vikAsa meM sahAyaka guNoM kA jJAna ho, unake svarUpa ko pahicAna kara, kriyAnvayana kiyA jAe tathA guNa sampannatA ko lakSya banAyA jaae| ina ATha guNoM ko jIvana meM vizeSa sthAna diyA jAe-sevA-suzruSA, pravacana zravaNa, bhAvagrahaNa, karttavya dhAraNa, carcA 278

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lakSya nirdhAraNa zubha ho to saMkalpa siddhi bhI zubha vicAraNA, sahI vizleSaNa, artha vijJAna tathA tattva jJAna nizcaya / 13. sadAcAramaya jIvana : AcAra zuddhi caritra vikAsa kA mUla lakSaNa hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jIvana ke pratyeka vyavahAra tathA mana, vacana, karma ke pratyeka vyApAra meM naitikatA ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai / guNa sampanna jIvana sadAcAra ke mArga para calate rahane ko pratibaddha ho jAtA hai| aisI hI aneka IMToM se jaba caritra vikAsa kI nIMva bharI jAtI hai taba sunizcita ho jAtA hai ki vaha nIMva pUrI taraha majabUta ho gaI hai kyoMki usakA sArA AdhAra ahiMsA kA AdhAra hotA hai / usa ahiMsA ke AdhAra para nirmita hone vAlA caritra vikAsa kA bhavana nissandeha gaganacumbI bana skegaa| bhAva-svabhAva aura caritra vikAsa kA pragati cakra : bhAvoM meM tAratamya AtA rahatA hai, kabhI ve UMce car3hate haiM to kabhI nIce bhI utarate haiM / kintu jaba caritra vikAsa kI nIMva guNoM kI IMToM se bharI jAkara ahiMsAdhArita bana jAtI hai, taba sirpha apavAda ko chor3a kara bhAva utthAnagAmI hI rahate haiN| isakA artha yaha hai ki bhAva vibhAva dazA ko prApta nahIM hote aura svabhAva ke svarUpa ko nikhArate rahate haiM / taba svabhAva kA svarUpa kitanA ujjvala aura vizAla ho sakatA hai - usakI koI sImA nhiiN| isakA mUla sUtra bana jAtA hai jagat ke samasta prANiyoM ke sAtha maitrI tathA sabake prati Atmavat saMvedanA- "mittI me savvabhUesu" evaM " Atmavat sarvajagat / " yaha svarUpa sAmyavAda kA saccA svarUpa hogA tathA isa bhAvamayatA para caritra vikAsa kA pragati cakra ghUmatA rhegaa| sAmyavAda, samabhAva, samatA, samatva- ye sabhI paryAyavAcI zabda haiM kintu sAmyavAda kI vyApakatA ke lie tIna karaNIya yA sAdhanIya tattva hai- ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa / ahiMsAdhArita nIMva ke bAda Upara kA nirmANa saMyama ke yoga se calatA hai| saMyama ke binA jagat maitrI to kyA sadhe, eka vyakti ke sAtha bhI maitrI ko nibhA pAnA muzkila ho jAtA hai| saMyama arthAt aatm-niyNtrnn| Atma-niyaMtraNa se maitrI kA mArga nirbAdha ho jAtA hai| mitra bhAva AyA to samajhiye ki samabhAva avazya A jAyegA / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki saMyama ke Agamana ke sAtha IrSyA, dveSa, moha, jar3atA, svArthAndhatA, krUratA Adi doSa svayameva hI naSTa ho jAte haiN| saMyama kA artha hotA hai parigraha kI maryAdA aura usake prati bane mUrchAbhAva kA tyAga | Adarza niSparigrahI kA saMyama Aga meM tape sone kI taraha nirmala bana jAtA hai| saMyama bhAva ke sAtha jo bhI kriyA kI jAegI, vaha ahiMsAvRtti ko puSTa banAtI jaaegii| caritra vikAsa ke isa mor3a para hRdaya, dayA aura karuNA se otaprota ho jAtA hai aura ahiMsA kA vidhAyI rUpa pallavita aura puSpita banatA hai| samabhAva kI pUrNa saphalatA taba hotI hai jaba AtmasvabhAva pUrNataH prakAzita ho uThatA hai| AtmasvabhAva kI pUrNa prApti hI AnaMda ke sAkSAtkAra kA praveza dvAra hai| ataH samabhAva - caritra vikAsa kA zikhara hai aura dharma kA sarvotkRSTa rUpa hai| isa samabhAva ko dharma kI udAra vyAkhyA mAne athavA Arya saMskRti kA mUla kaheM - eka hI bAta hai| samabhAva tIna stambhoM para sthira rahatA hai 1. niHsvArthatA - sarva sadguNoM kA pradhAna zatru hai svArtha, kyoMki svArtha kA vicAra vyakti ko 279

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sucaritram / / saMkucitatA ke dAyare meM kaida kara detA hai| samabhAva ke lie to svArtha bAdhaka hI nahIM, ghAtaka bhI hotA hai, ataH niHsvArtha vRtti se samabhAva kI surakSA hotI hai| 2. samarpaNa-binA diye lenA krUra svArtha hai, lena-dena karanA saudebAjI hai, kintu samabhAva ke kSetra meM kevala dene kA hI vicAra mukhya honA cAhie aura isa dene kI bhI koI sImA nahIM, saba kucha arpita kara dene kI tatparatA honI caahie| samarpaNa samabhAva kA saMvAhaka hotA hai| samarpaNa ko tyAga kA uccastha bindu kaha sakate haiN| 3. prema-sabake prati prema aura. anurAga samabhAva kI sarasatA kA pratIka hotA hai| prema pUrita hRdaya meM viSamatA kA aMza taka praveza nahIM kara sakatA hai| samabhAva ko ziromaNi banAtA hai prem| saca to yaha mAnA jAnA cAhie ki ina niHsvArthatA, samarpaNa tathA prema ke bhAvoM ke sAtha jisa utkRSTatA se jo bhI kriyAeM kI jAe, unheM dharma ke kSetra meM sarvocca sthAna mile| samabhAva arthAt caritra kA yaha vikAsa hI vizva bandhutva kI maMjila taka pahuMcA jA sakatA hai| caritra vikAsa se jIvanazailI kA unnayana evaM samatva yoga : caritra vikAsa kA prabhAva pratyakSa rUpa se vyakti ke jIvana para parilakSita honA cAhie aura yahI prabhAva saghana bana kara samAja ke nava svarUpa ko pratibimbita kreN| vyakti evaM samAja para par3A prabhAva taba avazya hI eka naI jIvanazailI kA vikAsa kregaa| koI bhI sadguNa apanAyA jAtA hai usakA sIdhA sAdA artha yaha hai ki jIvana ke vyavahAra meM usa sadguNa kI chApa dekhI jA ske| sadguNI jIvana jaba vyAvahArika banatA hai to usase naI samatAmaya jIvanazailI kA unnayana hI samabhAvI samAja athavA samatva yoga kI racanA karatA hai| aisI naI jIvanazailI ko ahiMsaka, jIvanazailI kA nAma diyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki ahiMsA vaha nIMva hai jisa para koI bhI nirmANa sthAyI, sthira aura sundara hogaa| isIlie to ahiMsA ko parama dharma / kahA gayA hai| jIvana ke prati ahiMsA kI maulika dRSTi hotI hai| pahale ahiMsA ke lie viveka utpanna hotA hai aura bAda meM prArambha hotA hai usakA AcaraNa / ahiMsA aisA vrata hai jisameM sabhI vratoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| isIlie isakA svarUpa sarvatomukhI aura sarvavyApI hotA hai| yaha bhI satya hai ki hamArI sampUrNa saMskRti hI ahiMsA se jur3I huI hai-yaha jur3Ava kabhI halkA to kabhI gaharA hotA rahatA hai, kintu jur3Ava kabhI samApta nahIM huA hai aura na hogaa| naI ahiMsaka jIvanazailI ke nirmANa kI jaba hama bAta karate haiM to usake lie vartamAna paristhitiyoM kI hameM samIkSA karanI hogI tathA tadanusAra usake vikAsa ke prayAsa karane hoNge| vicAraNIya kucha pahalU isa prakAra hai :1. rAjanIti ko ahiMsaka svarUpa denA hogaa| isake lie pahalA prayAsa yaha ho ki sarakAroM kA prazAsanika dAyarA kama se kama kiyA jaae| Aja yaha siddhAnta mAnA jAne lagA hai ki jisakA zAsana kama se kama ho, vahI acchI sarakAra (dI garvanamenTa ija besTa, vica gavarna dI liistt)| rAjyoM meM Aja hiMsA ke tIna pratIka hai-senA, pulisa aura jel| mahAtmA gAMdhI ke anusAra ahiMsaka rAjanIti kA svarUpa vaha hogA jisameM senA kA kama se kama prayoga ho aura pulisa 280

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lakSya nirdhAraNa zubha ho to saMkalpa siddhi bhI zubha vyavasthA zAnti sthApanA ke kAryoM meM niyojita kI jaae| pulisa janatA kI mitra bane aura usake sahayoga se kArya kre| isI prakAra jela vyavasthA baMdhana kA kAma chor3a kara sudhAra kendroM kA rUpa dhAraNa kare / aparAdhI kA upacAra kiyA jAe aura use vivekavAna nAgarika banAyA jAe tAki Age se aparAdha kI jar3e kaTatI rhe| isa pRSThabhUmi meM lokataMtra ko ahiMsaka rUpa diyA jAnA caahie| lokataMtra meM mukhya hotI hai cunAva pddhti| isameM hiMsA tabhI ghusatI hai jaba rAjanIti nihita svArthiyoM ke ghere meM kaida ho jAtI hai ataH rAjanIti ke zuddhikaraNa ke sAtha cunAva paddhati ko svastha banAnA hogaa| pratyeka nAgarika ko bhI apanA dAyitva samajhanA hogA tathA cunAva ke sambandha meM naitika AcaraNa apanAnA hogaa| samUce vAtAvaraNa meM ahiMsA ghulegI to usakA prabhAva bhI nirantara abhivRddha hotA jaaegaa| 2. arthanIti ko bhI ahiMsaka svarUpa denA hogaa| isa hetu Aja kI arthavyavasthA meM kaI parivartana karane hoNge| aba taka sArI artha vyavasthAeM (pUMjIvAdI athavA anya) zoSaNa para AdhArita rahI hai, ataH aba aisI artha vyavasthA kA nirmANa karanA hogA jo zrama para AdhArita ho tathA zoSaNa se mukta ho / aisI vyavasthA grAma svAvalambana kI nIti se saMbhava ho sakatI hai jo vikendrIkRta ho / artha vyavasthA meM mahAtmA gAMdhI kA TrasTIzipa kA siddhAnta upayogI ho sakatA hai| aparigrahAtmaka arthAt aparigraha ko maryAdita banAne tathA upabhoktAvAda ko samApta karane ke prayatna hone caahie| pUMjI kA vyaktigata svAmitva kama se kama ho aura pratyeka upabhoga- paribhoga vastu kA pratyeka nAgarika ke lie parimANa pUrva nizcita ho| isase Arthika viSamatA samApta hogI aura Arthika sAmyatA phailegI jisase aneka vyaktigata va sAmAjika aparAdha va doSa apane Apa hI samApta hone lageMge / arthavyavasthA kA pUrNa rUpa se svadezIkaraNa kara diyA jAnA cAhie / svadezI kA artha svAvalambana ko apanAnA aura apane pairoM para khar3e hone kI kSamatA kA vikAsa karanA / 3. zikSA vyavasthA ko bhI ahiMsA ke AdhAroM para khar3I karanI hogii| zikSA kA abhiprAya sampUrNa jIvana vikAsa hai, ata: zikSA vyavasthA mUlyaparaka honI cAhie, Aja kI taraha kevala vastu paraka nahIM / Aja kI zikSA vyavasthA kevala bhogavAda ko bar3hAvA de rahI hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki yaha zikSA anaitikatA, bhraSTAcAra, beImAnI, hiMsA Adi ke phailAva kA pariNAma bana rahI hai| mUlya paraka lakSya ke anusAra mUlyoM para AdhArita jIvana vijJAna kI zikSA para bala denA hogaa| vidyAlaya se lekara vizva vidyAlaya taka kI zikSA paddhati meM ekarUpatA evaM lakSya samAnatA kA vikAsa karanA hogaa| gAMdhI jI kahate the ki jaise hiMsA kI tAlIma meM mAranA sIkhA jAtA hai, vaise hI ahiMsA kI tAlIma meM maranA sIkhanA jarUrI hai| maranA vahI sIkha sakatA hai jo Atmabala kA dhanI banatA hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI ke satyAgraha, asahayoga Adi ke AndolanAtmaka upAya maranA sikhAte the aura ahiMsaka zakti ko majabUta banAte haiN| ina upAyoM kA prayoga sadaiva prAsaMgika rhegaa| 4. hRdaya parivartana kA upakaraNa bhI ahiMsA ko banAnA hogaa| gAMdhIjI kA hRdaya parivartana kA siddhAnta ahiMsA para hI AdhArita thA / vaise sabhI bhAratIya darzana isa siddhAnta ke samarthaka haiM ki - " 5- " ghRNA 281

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sucaritram 282 pApa se ho, pApI se kabhI nahIM lavaleza" yAnI prema ke dvArA zatru meM parivartana lAyA jaae| vaise vaijJAnika kSetra meM Ajakala 'jIna' para kAphI khojabIna cala rahI hai aura yaha sAbita kiyA jA rahA hai ki AnuvAMzikatA kI dRSTi se hiMsA kA kAraNa usa vyakti ke 'jIna' meM upalabdha hotA hai| tathA rasAyanoM meM samAyA rahatA hai| 'jIna' meM Avazyaka 'hAramonsa' ke nirUpaNa se ina kAraNoM ko badalA jA sakatA hai| manovijJAna meM bhI hiMsA kA mUla kAraNa anaitikavRtti ko batAyA gayA hai jo caritra nirmANa tathA vikAsa ke prayoga se parivartita kI jA sakatI hai| karma siddhAnta kI dRSTi se bhI karma meM hiMsA tathA ahiMsA donoM ke bIja hamAre bhItara haiN| ahiMsA ke bIja ko vikasita karane ke lie usake anukUla prayoga, pariNAma, pariveza evaM prabaMdha kA prAyojana jarUrI hai| yaha hRdaya parivartana ekadezIya nahIM, balki sarvadezIya ho ki jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM meM ahiMsA ko AdhAra banA kara zubhatA kA phailAva kiyA jAe aura caritra vikAsa ko prakhara banAyA jaae| 5. manuSyoM kI vRttiyoM tathA pravRttiyoM meM ahiMsA kA praveza ho, jo nirantara manuSya ke samasta kAryoM kA saMcAlana karatI hai| hiMsA kA prabala ahiMsaka pratikAra tabhI saMbhava ho sakatA hai jaba sabhI nAgarika ahiMsA ke prayogoM meM apanI pUrI zakti lagAne kI mAnasikatA banA leN| jaba jAga jAya to vyakti kI zakti atulanIya hotI hai| usameM asAdhAraNa sAhasa, sahiSNutA, nirbhIkatA, santulanAtmakatA Adi guNa bhare hue hote haiM jinheM jagAne bhara kI jarUrata hotI hai| aisA caritra vikAsa manuSya ke pratyeka vyavahAra tathA pUrI dinacaryA ahiMsaka rUpa de sakatA hai| 6. sAmAjikatA ke kSetra meM ahiMsA para ati vizeSa bala denA hogaa| dhana kamAne kI tRSNA, vilAsitApUrNa rahana-sahana, pradarzana ke lobha aura ADambaroM ke phailAva para kar3A aMkuza lagAnA hogaa| sampradAyavAda, jAtivAda jaise saMkucita vicAroM se Upara uThanA hogA aura ina saMkucita gatividhiyoM para virAma lagAnA hogaa| sAmAjika kurItiyoM ko tyAga kara ahiMsaka surItiyAM pracalita karanI hogI, jinase sAmAjika samAnatA kA vistAra ho ske| isa dizA meM sarvAdhika mahattva kA kAma hogA kanyA zikSA kA itanA phailAva ki sabhI kanyAeM evaM mahilAeM sAkSara to bane hIM, balki kanyAoM ko ucca zikSA ke lie ucita protsAhana diyA jaae| bhojana, rahana-sahana Adi meM bhI ahiMsaka prabhAva phailAnA caahie| yaha eka rUparekhA mAtra hai / caritra-nirmANa abhiyAna ke antargata ise eka vyApaka yojanA kA rUpa diyA jA sakatA hai / caritra-nirmANa meM vaise bhI ahiMsA kA prazikSaNa anivArya hogA, kintu caritra vikAsa kI prakriyA meM isa prazikSaNa kA prasAra sarvatra ho jAnA caahie| mUlataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki ahiMsaka jIvanazailI nirmANa kA artha hogA- zoSaNavihIna samAja kI racanA, saha-astitva kA vikAsa, rur3hivAdI paramparAoM se mukta, mAnava mUlyoM kA prasAra tathA zikSita, saMskArI evaM zramaniSTha pIr3hI kA nirmANa / ahiMsA kI nIMva para bane caritra vikAsa kA dharAtala itanA samatala aura sudRr3ha ho jAtA hai usa para samatva yoga kA prasAda nirmita kiyA jA sakatA hai| caritra vikAsa ke prabhAva se jisa kSamatA evaM saMyamitatA kA phailAva hogA, usase vRttiyoM evaM pravRttiyoM para pUrA Atma niyaMtraNa kAyama ho jAegA

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lakSya nirdhAraNa zubha ho to saMkalpa siddhi bhI zubha tathA unameM rahe hue vikAra aura viSamatAeM gala jaaegii| yahI samatva yoga kA praveza dvAra hogaa| viSamatA jitane aMzoM meM miTatI jAegI, tadanurUpa samatva yoga kI avApti hotI jaaegii| yoga zuddhi evaM kaSAya mukti isake sAdhana hoMge aura azubhatA se dUra zubhatA kA ghanatva isakI ksauttii| sAmya yoga kI avApti hI vizva bandhutva kI rAha bnegii| caritra vikAsa kA zikhara hai satya aura satya ke Agraha kA rUpa : caritra vikAsa kI bhAvamayatA kI nIMva hai ahiMsA to usakA zikhara hai satya-bhAvamayatA kI sAdhanA kA suphl| satya ananta hai, satya hI bhagavAn hai| satya kA sAkSAtkAra eka pUrNAvasthA hai| kintu jIvana meM jaba taka apUrNatA rahatI hai satya kA Agraha rakhanA cAhie, kyoMki Agraha apUrNa meM hI hotA, pUrNatA meM to Agraha kA kyA avakAza? vyakti apUrNa hai ata: usake bhItara satya ke rUpa meM jo bhI pratibhASita hotA hai, vaha bhI apUrNa hI hogaa| kintu apUrNa kahakara pratibhASita satya ko chor3A nahIM jA sakatA hai, balki vicAroM meM samanvaya lAne vAlI anekAntavAdI paddhati kA prayoga isI uddezya se kiyA jAe ki satyAMza prApta kiye jA sakeM tathA satyAMzoM kA saMcaya ho sake tAki eka dina pUrNa satya kA sAkSAtkAra ho| lekina taba taka sAdhaka ko pratibhASita satya ke sAtha hI jInA-maranA hotA hai tathA satya kI sAdhanA ko akSuNNa banAye rakhanA hotA hai| vyaktigata dharma isa kAraNa satya ke upalabdha rUpa ke prati ananya Agraha kA hI raha jAtA hai| saMkSepa meM apUrNatA taka satya kA Agraha rakhanA hotA hai jo pUrNatA prApti ke pazcAt svataH samApta ho jAtA hai| ___ satya ke prati Agraha ke saMbaMdha meM yaha jJAtavya hai ki jisa para Agraha hai, satya kA svarUpa yA usakI sImA utanI hI hai| ananta satya kA Agraha hI sImita hotA hai| phira bhI satya kA Agraha sAdhaka ko bhadra aura vinIta banAe rakhatA hai| caritra kA vikAsa bhI isa Agraha ke sAtha uccatA kI ora gati karatA hai| jIvana svIkAra aura inkAra-ina donoM taToM ko rakha kara hI cala sakatA hai, jahAM kucha svIkAra yAnI lenA aura inkAranA yAnI chor3anA par3atA hai| vizvAsa ke bAda prazvAsa AtA hI hai| isakA artha hai ki niSedha kI zakti jIvana sAmarthya meM garbhita rahatI hai| ahiMsA kI bhUmikA para hI satya kA sUtrapAta saMbhava hotA hai| ahiMsA meM svIkAra hai kyoMki jIvana ahiMsA se sthiti aura avakAza prApta karatA hai| sthiti meM gati satya ke Agraha se hI prApta hotI hai| satya ke Agraha ke binA ahiMsA niSkriya ho jAegI, kyoMki satya kA Agraha hI karma ko janma detA hai-gati aura vega saba vahAM se AtA hai| ahiMsA ke yoga se jo hotA hai vaha yaha hai ki karma se baMdhana paidA nahIM hotA aura usa gati se sthiti meM bhaMga nahIM aataa| lekina yaha spaSTa rahanA cAhie ki kevala ahiMsA vega ko khA jAtI hai, jIvana kI kSamatA ke liye satya kA Agraha anivArya dharma hotA hai| ahiMsA mAno usakI pITha hai ki jisa satya ko sadA samakSa rahanA caahie| satya mAnoM vaha zikSA hai jisake binA ahiMsA mUlyahIna ho jAtI hai| eka bAta aura ki satya Agraha kI samApti para milegA, lekina buddhi dvArA kabhI prApta nahIM hogaa| buddhi zabda se calatI aura mata taka pahuMcatI hai, kintu satya usake pAra rahatA hai| isa kAraNa buddhi meM 283

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sucaritram se kabhI satya ke Agraha kA nirNaya nahIM nikltaa| buddhi unhIM saMbaMdhoM ke niyamana ke kAma meM AtI hai jo mUrta hote haiM aura cUMki satya mUrta nahIM hotA, jisase buddhi nahIM, balki zraddhA meM se satya ke Agraha kI udbhAvanA hotI hai| buddhi jaba taka hai, upAya hotA rahatA hai| upAya jaba hAra jAte haiM athavA buddhi jaba hAra jAtI hai taba satya kI zaraNa salabha hotI hai| satya kI zaraNa meM jAne para kartA bhAva bhI samApta ho jAtA hai, vaha jaise satya meM vilIna ho jAtA hai| yo sampUrNa caritra vikAsa hotA hai bhAvamaya-uccatara se uccatama taka: ___yoM caritra vikAsa kahie, AcaraNa buddhi kahie athavA samatva yoga kI sAdhanA-saba bhAvamayatA . ke rUpa haiN| yaha bhAvamayatA hI ahiMsA meM DhalatI hai, saMyama meM ramaNa karatI hai tathA satya ke sAkSAtkAra ke liye Age bar3hatI hai| usI meM bhAvamayatA ke liye Age bar3hatI hai| isI meM bhAvamayatA kI caraNa gati tIvra se tIvratara, ucca se uccatara hotI rahatI hai| bhAvamayatA eka prakAra se Ananda kA pravAha hotA hai| caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA meM isI bhAvamayatA ko jagAne kA kArya kiyA jAnA cAhie tAki Atmastha hokara cintana kareM aura samasyAoM ke samAdhAna khojeN| caritra ke nirmANa ke sAtha-sAtha hI usake vikAsa kA daura bhI zuru ho jAtA hai jo tIna caraNoM meM satya ke samIpa pahuMca sakatA hai| 284

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AcAra ke uccatara bindu, ahiMsaka krAMti aura vyaktitva gaThana 22

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AcAra ke uccatara bindu, ahiMsaka kraMti aura vyaktitva gaThana bahuAyAmI vyaktitva kA AdhAra hamArA caritra A cAra ke pradhAna guNa dayA-karuNA ke prAraMbhika caraNa " kA sukhada paricaya diyA bar3e bhAI ne to choTe bhAI ne usI dina isI pradhAna guNa ke carama caraNa kI sAdhanA sampUrNa kI apane sarvasva kA balidAna dekara / ye bar3e bhAI the zrI kRSNa tathA choTe bhAI gajasukumAra the| usa dina bhagavAn zrI neminAtha nagara se bAhara udyAna meM virAja rahe the aura unakI pravacana dhArA meM avagAhana hetu donoM bhAI rAjamahala meM sadala-bala udyAna kI ora jA rahe the| zrI kRSNa gajArUr3ha the, apane choTe bhAI ke sAtha aura sAtha meM .. anya darzanArthI, ArakSI Adi the| mArga meM zrI kRSNa kI dRSTi eka atizaya vRddha para par3I, jo hAMphate-hAMphate eka bar3e Dhera se eka-eka IMTa uThA kara use apane ghara ke pAsa ... rakha rahA thaa| zrI kRSNa kA hRdaya dayA se dravita ho uThA ki kitane kaThora aura thakAne vAle parizrama ke bAda yaha vRddha apanA kAma pUrA kara pAegA? hAthI ko Dhera ke pAsa livA kara Dhera meM se eka IMTa unhoMne svayaM uThAI aura use nizcita sthAna para rakha dii| yaha dekha kara saba acaMbhita raha gaye, lekina eka pala ko bhI rUke nahIM-hAthoMhAtha IMTeM uThA kara sthAna para rakhane lge| itane hAtha eka sAtha laga 285

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sucaritram 286 gae, taba kyA kAma adhUrA rahatA? sArA kAma paloM meM pUrA ho gayA / vRddha ke pAsa zrI kRSNa ke prati apanA AbhAra prakaTa karane ke liye zabda nahIM the, vaha sira jhukA hAtha jor3a zrI kRSNa ke hAthI kI bagala meM khar3A ho gayA aura taba taka khar3A rahA jaba taka vaha hAthI usakI AMkhoM se ojhala nahIM ho gyaa| dayA kA madhura prasAda pAkara vaha phUlA nahIM samA rahA thA / choTe bhAI ne pUrva dina isI pradhAna guNa ke carama caraNa kI sAdhanA sampUrNa kI, apane sarvasva kA balidAna dekr| ye bar3e bhAI the zrI kRSNa tathA choTe bhAI gajasukumAra the| usa dina bhagavAn zrI minAtha nagara se bAhara udyAna meM virAja rahe the aura unakI pravacana dhArA meM avagAhana hetu donoM bhAI rAjamahala se sadalabala udyAna kI ora jA rahe the| zrI kRSNa gajArUr3ha the apane choTe bhAI ke sAtha aura sAtha meM anya darzanArthI, ArakSI Adi the| pravacana sunane ke bAda donoM bhAI punaH rAjamahala lauTe to gajasukumAra ne neminAtha kI sevA meM dIkSita hone kA nirNaya le liyaa| saba ne bahuta samajhAyA, bar3e bhAI ne to yahAM taka kahA ki Aja hI to somila brAhmaNa kI putrI ke sAtha usakA saMbaMdha huA hai, phira usake isa nirNaya se pitA-putrI ke hRdaya para kitanA krUra AghAta lgegaa| lekina gajasukumAra ke ar3iga vairAgya ke Age kisI kI samajhAIza nahI calI aura na hI kisI anya bAdhA para unhoMne vicAra kiyaa| taba dIkSA samAroha Ayojita huA aura rAjakumAra gajasukumAra muni gajasukumAra bana gye| kSita hone ke turanta bAda muni gajasukumAra bhagavAn ke samIpa upasthita hue| unhoMne nivedana kiyA- bhagavAn! mujhe aisI kaThora sAdhanA kA mArga dikhAie ki merI utkaMThA saphala ho jaae| bhagavAna saba kucha jAnate the aura yaha bhI ki navadIkSita muni kI sAdhanA ke sampUrNa hone kA usI dina kA yoga hai| unhoMne AjJA de dI-'jAo, Aja rAta tuma dvArikA nagarI kI zmazAna bhUmi para pratimA dhAraNa karake dhyAnastha ho jAo - tumheM apanA parama aura carama prApta ho jaaegaa|' AjJA prApta karake muni gajasukumAra sollAsa yathAsthAna pahuMca gye| aMdhakAra kI halkI-halkI cAdara meM zmazAna kA dRzya bhayAvanA hotA jA rahA thA / idhara-udhara aneka citAeM prajvalita ho rahI thI to cAroM ora phaile hue naramuMDa aura asthi paMjara usa dRzya ko atIva bhayAnaka banA rahe the| aise hI vIbhatsa evaM bhayAvaha dRzya ke bIca muni gajasukumAra dhyAnastha ho gaye - saba kucha visAra kara Atmacintana meM nimagna / usa samaya pAsa kI hI eka prajvalita citA kI rozanI sIdhI muni ke cehare para par3a rahI thI aura usameM muni kI vaha AkRti adbhuta tejomayatA se pradIpta dikhAI de rahI thii| yoga aisA banA ki somila brAhmaNa zmazAna mArga se nagarI ko lauTa rahA thA, tabhI usakI najara muni para pdd'ii| dekhate hI vaha cauMkA ki Aja hI to usakI dInatA ko vicAra meM na lAte hue usakI lAkSaNika putrI ko rAjakumAra ne pasanda kI thI aura zrI kRSNa ke hAthoM vAgdAna huA thA aura abhI hI rAjakumAra muniveza meM yahAM dhyAnastha haiM - yaha saba kaise ho gayA? vaha pahale duHkhI huA ki aba usakI putrI kA kyA hogA, phira dhAra-dhAra royA aura taba vaha bhISaNa krodha se kAMpane lgaa| usa krodha ne use bhAna bhUlA diyA vaha badalA lene para utara aayaa| usakI putrI kA jo hogA, ho jAegA lekina vaha vizvAsaghAtI apane hone vAle dAmAda ko jIvita nahIM

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AcAra ke uccatara bindu, ahiMsaka krAMti aura vyaktitva gaThana chodd'egaa| pAsa ke nAle se vaha gIlI miTTI uThA lAyA - muni ke sira para usa miTTI se UMcI pAla banAI aura bIca meM, khaDDe meM usane citA ke dhadhakate aMgAre bhara diye| phira paira paTakatA huA somila brAhmaNa vahAM se calA gyaa| muni ke mastaka para ve dhadhakate aMgAre apanA khAdya pAkara adhika lapalapAne lge| pUrI khopar3I sIjhane-sI lagI-vaha kalpanAtIta vedanA kA samaya thA / kintu muni saba kucha tyAga cuke the taba deha bhI bhalA unakI kahAM raha gaI thI? ve to apane AtmIya bhAvoM meM lavalIna the| apAra kaSTa kA anubhava thA kintu unhoMne usa anubhava ko svIkAra hI nahIM kiyaa| vaha carama parIkSA kI ghar3I thii| raMca mAtra bhI unhoMne apane mastaka ko hilane nahIM diyaa| unheM vidita thA ki kahIM khisaka kara eka bhI aMgArA nIce girA to vaha na jAne kitane choTe bar3e jIvoM kI jAna le legaa| ve to saMsAra ke samasta prANiyoM ko abhayadAna dekara hI to muni bane haiM, phira kyA ve hI usa abhaya ko samApta kara deM? dayAvAna anta:karaNa aisA kadApi nahIM kara sakatA hai| muni parama sthira aura zAnta bhAva se usa bhISaNa pIr3A ko sahate rhe| unakA mana-mAnasa dayAmaya bhAvoM se otaprota thA- na somila brAhmaNa para dveSa kA koI aMza thA aura na hI apane saMbaMdhiyoM ke prati koI rAga / ve to rAgadveSa ko pUrNatayA naSTa karake vItarAga bana gye| dayA guNa kI unakI carama sAdhanA saphala huI, sampUrNa aura sampanna huI / isI prakAra AcAra ke eka-eka guNa meM AtmotthAna kI apAra saMbhAvanAeM bharI par3I haiM - saccA sAdhaka una saMbhAvanAoM ko sAkAra rUpa dekara jagat ke samakSa Adarza prastuta karatA hai| AcAra ke uccatara bindu tathA guNazIlatA kI sampannatA : soceM ki kisI ko sAMpa kATa jAe to kyA karanA hogA? usakI saphala cikitsA ke liye sabase pahale yaha jAnakArI jarUrI hai ki usakI sahI auSadhi kyA hai? sirpha jAnakArI mauke para DagamagA sakatI hai - isa kAraNa isa auSadhi para pakkA bharosA honA bhI jruurii| lekina itane mAtra se cikitsA nahIM ho jaaegii| cikitsA kI asala bAta yaha hotI hai ki usa auSadhi kA AtmavizvAsa ke sAtha prayoga kiyA jaae| korI auSadhi le lene se bhI kAma pUrA nahIM hogaa| usake sAre pathyoM kA jI jAna se pAlana karanA hogA, jaise nIMda nahIM Ane denA aadi| yaha saba eka samayAvadhi taka karane ke bAda hI sarpadaMza kA asara dUra ho sakatA hai| isa prakriyA meM sahI jAnakArI, sahI vizvAsa aura sahI AcaraNa tInoM kA saMyoga jarUrI hai| sabase jyAdA jarUrI hotI hai sAMpa kATe kI ekaniSThatA evaM ekAgratA / aisI hI jIvana sAdhanA kI prakriyA hotI hai - samyag jJAna, samyag darzana evaM samyak cAritra / ratnatraya meM sabhI ratnoM kA apanA-apanA mahattva hai kintu agni parIkSA samyak cAritra arthAt AcAra kI sAdhanA meM hI hotI hai| koI isa agni ko dhIre-dhIre jhelatA huA Age bar3hatA hai to koI muni gajasukumAra ke samAma isa agni ko eka hI bAra meM jhela kara apanI guNazIlatA ko Atma- sampannatA meM rUpAntarita kara detA hai| yaha kaThina adhyavasAya evaM zreSTha sAdhanA ke utAra car3hAva kI bAta hai / sAmAnya rUpa se AcAra kI caraNavAra sAdhanA kI jAtI hai| pahale jJeya, heya evaM upAdeya tattvoM kA 287

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sucaritram jJAna karake samyaktva kA zubhAraMbha kiyA jAtA hai| jaba taka mithyA kA unmUlana na ho, samyak sthitiyAM jamatI nahIM hai aura ratnatraya kA mUla samyaktva hai| isa dRSTi se AcAra kA prathama bindu samyaktva se prAraMbha hotA hai aura uccatara binduoM kI ora bar3hatA hai| taba vratoM ke dhAraNa evaM pAlana kA krama calatA hai| jo saccAI dekhane kI kSamatA jagAegA, vahI svayaM ko aura apane parivAra Adi ghaTakoM ko AcaraNa kI sughar3atA pradAna kara skegaa| vyakti jaise samAja kA sabase choTA ghaTaka hotA hai to sAmAjikatA kA choTA ghaTaka hotA hai privaar| isa kAraNa vyakti ke caritra nirmANa kA pahalA karmasthala hotA hai usakA parivAra, ataH AcaraNa kI dRSTi se vyakti ko eka sadgRhastha bananA cAhie-aisA sadgRhastha apane vratoM (zrAvaka dharma) kI agni parIkSA detA huA samAja ke choTe ghaTaka ko sabase bar3e ghaTaka vizva kA hita sAdhane meM sakSama bnaaveN| isa dizA meM gRhastha dharma kA vizeSa mahattva saba jAnate haiN| zrImad javAharAcArya ne isa viSaya para bar3e hI krAntikArI pravacana diye haiM, jina kA saMkalana kiraNAvalI bhAga 31 se 33 meM huA hai| unake anusAra-"tyAga bhAvanA ko AcaraNa meM lAne ke liye zAstrakAroM ne do mArgoM kA vidhAna kiyA hai pahalA mArga hai sAMsArika padArthoM athavA vAstavika sukha prApta hone ke bAdhaka kAraNoM kA sarvathA tyaag| dUsarA mArga hai AMzika athavA deza se tyaag|" kaI vyakti aise hote haiM ki unhoMne jinako heya mAna liyA haiM una kAryoM yA padArthoM ko avilamba pUrI taraha tyAga dete haiN| isa taraha kA tyAga karane vAle mahAvratI kahe jAte haiN|... kintu jo loga isa sImA taka nahIM pahuMce haiM athavA sAMsArika kArya vyavahAra evaM viSaya bhoga ke sAdhanoM se jinakA mamatva pUrI taraha nahIM haTA hai athavA jo ina saba ko sarvathA tyAgane meM asamartha haiM, phira bhI jo inake tyAga kA mArga apanA kara usa para Age bar3hanA cAhate haiM, ve ina sabako AMzika athavA deza se tyAgate haiN| aise logoM ke liye zAstrakAroM ne pAMca aNuvratoM kA vidhAna kiyA hai| yadyapi aise dezatyAgiyoM kA bhI dhyeya to vahI rahatA hai, jo pUrNa tyAgiyoM kA hotA hai, parantu AMzika yA deza se tyAga karane vAle usa dhyeya kI ora dhIre-dhIre bar3hanA cAhate haiN| zAstrakAroM dvArA batAye gaye pAMca aNuvratoM kA pAlana gRhasthAvasthA meM kiyA jA sakatA hai aura ina vratoM ko pAlane vAle vratadhArI zrAvaka kahe jAte . haiN|...ydypi mahAvratI na hone vAloM ke liya zAstra meM pAMca aNuvratoM ko svIkAra bhI karate haiM, parantu gRhasthAvasthA meM aisI aneka bAdhAeM upasthita hotI haiM athavA aise AkarSaka kAraNa haiM ki jinase svIkRta aNuvratoM kA pAlana karane meM kaThinAiyAM jAna par3ane lagatI haiN| ataH aise aNuvratadhAriyoM ko una kaThinAiyoM se bacAne ke liye zAstrakAroM ne tIna gaNavrata aura cAra zikSAvrata btaae| tIna gaNavata pAMca aNuvratoM meM zakti saMcAra karate haiM, vizeSatA utpanna karate haiM, unake pAlana meM hone vAlI kaThinAiyoM ko dUra karate haiM aura mUla aNuvratoM ko nirmala rakhate haiN|...annuvrtoN kI sahAyatA ke liye batAye gaye tIna guNavratoM meM vRtti saMkoca ko vizeSatA dI gaI hai| jaba taka gamanAgamana kama nahIM kiyA jAve, upabhoga-paribhoga kI maryAdA nahIM kI jAve, AjIvikA ke liye kI jAne vAlI pravRtti ke viSaya meM anaucitya kA viveka karake anucita pravRtti na tyAga dI jAve, taba taka dhAraNa kiye hue aNuvratoM kA pAlana karane meM kaThinAiyoM kA upasthita honA svAbhAvika hI hai|...isii taraha guNavratoM kI rakSA ke liye cAra zikSAvratoM kA jo vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, una zikSAvratoM ko svIkAra karanA bhI Avazyaka hai, kyoMki guNavratoM meM svIkRta vRtti saMkoca ko sudRr3ha banAne vAle zikSAvrata hI hai| guNavrata 288

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AcAra ke uccatara bindu, ahiMsaka krAMti aura vyaktitva gaThana evaM zikSAvrata mUla aNuvratoM ke prANa svarUpa hai| jisa taraha zarIra tabhI taka upayogI evaM kArya sAdhaka hai, jaba taka ki usameM prANa hai, usI taraha guNavrata va zikSAvrata ke hone para hI mUla aNuvrata bhI upayogI evaM kArya sAdhaka ho sakate haiN| isa bAta ko dRSTi meM rakha kara zAstrakAroM ne zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM ko mUlavrata, guNavrata aura zikSAvrata ina tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| zrAvaka ke mUla pAMca vrata - sthUla ahiMsA, sthUla satya, sthUla acaurya, sthUla brahmacarya aura parigraha parimANa hai| ina pAMca mUlavratoM ke pazcAta dik parimANa, upabhoga-paribhoga parimANa aura anartha daMDa viramaNa-ye tIna guNavrata haiM tathA sAmAyika, dezAvagAsika, pauSadhopavAsa aura atithi-saMvibhAga ye cAra zikSAvrata haiN| vratoM ko dhAraNa evaM pAlana karane meM sAvadhAnI aura viveka se kAma lenA cAhiye (javAhara kiraNAvalI, 33vIM kiraNa, gRhastha dharma, tRtIya bhAga, viSaya praveza pRSTha 4-7) / gRhastha kI cAritrika vizeSatAeM apane uccatara stara para sAdhu dharma yA mahAvratoM meM pratiphalita ho sakatI hai| tadanantara bhAvanAparaka AcAra gata staroM meM uccataratA uccatamatA taka pahuMca sakatI haivikAra mukti, vItarAgatA evaM sAdhanA kI smpuurnntaa| AcAra ke pratyeka bindu ke sAtha guNazIlatA yAnI ki caritra kA vikAsa hotA rahatA hai jo sampannatA ke carama taka pahuMcatA hai, AcAra ke carama ke . saath| AcAra kA uccatama bindu hI caritra vikAsa kA zikhara hotA hai| vikAsazIla guNoM ke caudaha sthAna unakA saMkSipta vivaraNa va vizleSaNa : do prakAra kI saMskRtiyAM hotI haiM-eka guNamUlaka saMskRti jo sadA satya siddhAntoM ke prati AsthA rakhatI hai aura dUsarI saMskRti vyakti pUjA ko vizeSa mahattva detI hai| vyakti pUjA na kisI sAmAnya jana ko aura na kisI sAdhaka ko taTastha apanA pakSahIna rahane detI hai| vaha use eka tarapha jhukAtI hai to nizcita hai ki dUsarI tarapha se upekSita banAtI hai| isa kAraNa vaha bheda, haTha aura pakSa ke bhaMvara meM gira jAtA hai aura apanI AsthA ko Ahata banA letA hai| isa bhaMvara se rAga aura dveSa kI jvAlAeM uThatI haiM, jo sAmAnya jana ke viveka ko to jalA hI detI hai, para sAdhaka ko bhI sAbUta kahAM chor3atI hai? vaha patha bhraSTa ho jAtA hai| aisI vyakti pUjA kI saMskRti mAnava ke liye hitAvaha nahIM ho sakatI hai| vizva aura mAnava kA kalyANa guNamUlaka saMskRti ke mAdhyama se hI kiyA jA sakatA hai, jahAM vyakti kA nahIM, usake guNoM ko mahattva milatA hai| isa kAraNa guNoM kI avApti ke liye hI viveka kAma karatA hai, sAdhanA samarpita hotI hai| AtmIya guNoM kA vikAsa arthAt caritra kA vikAsa vyakti ke liye tathA usa vikAsa se sAmAjika caritra kA nirmANa hI sakala jIvana vikAsa kA mUla sUtra hai| siddhAnta sanAtana hotA hai, kyoMki vaha guNamUlaka hotA hai| vaha guNI ko usa guNa meM DhAlatA hai aura kisI ke sAtha koI bheda nahIM krtaa| siddhAntoM para AdhArita sabhyatA yA saMskRti hI dIrghajIvI hotI hai| ise hI mUlyoM kI saMskRti kahate haiN| aise guNamUlaka siddhAntoM para yadi samyak rUpa se AcaraNa kiyA jAe to ve mAnava ko mAnavatAmaya hI nahIM, mAnava ko devatva meM DhAla dene kI bhI kSamatA rakhate haiN| isa AcaraNa kI vikAsazIla vibhinna avasthAoM ko bhalI-bhAMti samajha lenA caahie| AtmA ke guNa vikAsa ke caudaha sthAnoM kA ullekha hai ki kisa prakAra ke AcaraNa yA caritra ke bala para eka sopAna se dUsare sopAna para car3hA jA sakatA hai aura eka se Upara ke dUsare sopAna taka apanI pragati kI 289

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sucaritram nirantaratA kaise banAI rakhI jA sakatI hai| isa car3hAI meM viveka dRSTi aura guNa sAdhanA sadaiva jAgarUka rahe ki kahIM pAMva phisala na jAya aura upalabdha pragati samApta na ho jAe, kyoMki kucha staroM taka aisI AzaMkA rahatI hai| AcaraNa ke sAtha bhAvamayatA bhI utanI hI Avazyaka hotI hai tAki kASAyika vicAra usa sAdhanA patha meM bAdhAeM na khar3I karate rheN| guNoM ke caudaha sthAnoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa evaM vizleSaNa isa prakAra hai(1) mithyA dRSTi vAlA nimnatama vaha sthAna hai jahAM sahI jJAna Adi ke koI lakSaNa nahIM hote| vahAM saba kucha mithyA hotA hai, mithyA dikhAI detA aura mithyA hI kiyA jAtA hai| AsthA bhI mithyA yAnI viparIta hotI hai| kintu samyaktva kI ora car3hAI kA krama yahIM se zurU hotA hai| (2) samyak dRSTi ko utAra ke samaya yahAM mithyA se dvanda karanA hotA hai| dvanda meM hAra-jIta calatI rahatI hai| mithyA se samyak dRSTi aura samyak se mithyA dRSTi kI ora DAMvADola gati banI rahatI hai| kintu isa sopAna para AtmA ko guNoM kA AsvAdana ho jAtA hai aura guNoM kI ora usakI ruci bar3ha jAtI hai| (3) mizra avasthA isa agale sopAna para bhI banI rahatI hai, kintu AsthA kA cakra tejI se samyak dRSTi kI ora mur3atA rahatA hai| yaha avasthA adhika nahIM ThaharatI aura gati kI nizcitatA sthira hone lagatI hai-yA to Upara yA phira nIce DolAyamAna avasthA banI rahatI hai| samyak dRSTi kI sthiratA agale sopAna kI ora gatizIla banAtI hai| (4) samyak dRSTi sthira hone lagatI hai lekina yahAM taka vaha vrata dhAraNa karane kI sthiti meM nahIM AtI hai-avirati rahatI hai| virati kA artha hotA hai ki hiMsaka evaM pApajanaka pravRttiyoM se alaga ho jaanaa| vaha sAmarthya yahAM taka nahIM upajatA hai| isa sAmarthya ke kaI stara hote haiM aura unake prakaTa hote lakSaNa Upara kI ora bar3hane kA saMketa karate haiN| yahAM taka kaSAyoM kA gaharA asara banA rahatA hai jisase vratoM ko lenA aura pAlanA mumakina nahIM banatA hai| (5) vratoM ko grahaNa karane kI vRtti isa sopAna para banatI hai-vaha bhale deza rUpa hI ho| yaha deza virata dazA kA udaya hotA hai| pApajanaka kAryoM se yahAM sarvathA nahIM, balki AMzika nivRtti hI saMbhava hotI hai| yaha aNuvratoM kA sopAna hotA hai jahAM cAhe eka hI zrAvaka vrata aMgIkAra kare athavA eka se adhika bAra hI vratoM ko grahaNa karake pAlA jaae| yahAM vrata dhAraNa do karaNa tIna yoga se hotA hai, anumodana kA tyAga nahIM hotaa| (6) muni dharma ke vratoM kA isa sopAna para grahaNa bhI hotA hai aura pAlana bhI, kintu saMyata hone para bhI usa para pramAda kI chAyA ghirI rahatI hai| yaha saMyata pUrNa zuddha nahIM, pramatta hotA hai| pramAda Avazyaka guNa vikAsa ko bAdhita karatA rahatA hai| (7) isa sopAna para pramAda samApta hokara saMyatatA ke sAtha apramattatA A jAtI hai aura sAdhaka apramatta saMyata bana jAtA hai| pramAda ke sAre doSa-nidrA, viSaya, kaSAya, vikathA Adi yahAM samApta ho jAte haiN| AcaraNa kI azuddhi kA kAraNa pramAda chUTa jAtA hai| yahAM se Atma-vizuddhi evaM 290

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AcAra ke uccatara bindu, ahiMsaka krAMti aura vyaktitva gaThana caritra-vikAsa uttarottara adhikAdhika vizuddhi kI ora bar3hane lagatA hai| yahAM saccA munipanA A jAtA hai-satata jAgarUkatA A jAtI hai| (8) kASAyika vRttiyoM se nivRtti 'bAdara nivRtti' kahalAtI hai| yaha sopAna aisA hai ki yadi nivRtti TUTe to TheTha nIce taka patana ho jAe aura nivRtti kI sthiratA ke sAtha Upara ke sopAna para car3ha gae to phira patana kA khatarA khatma-phira Upara se Upara car3hate rahane kA krama hI rhegaa| isa sopAna para parIkSA hotI hai ki kASAyika vRttiyAM sirpha dabI haiM-upazamita hI huI haiM athavA naSTa yAnI kSaya ho gaI haiN| dabI huI vRttiyAM phira se ubhara AtI hai to patana nizcita ho jAtA hai, lekina kSayIbhUta vRttiyoM ke phira se ubhara Ane kA koI savAla hI nhiiN| eka bAta aura upazamita vRttiyAM gyArahaveM sthAna taka Upara le jA sakatI hai, para usake bAda patana hotA hI hai| kintu kSayIbhUta vRttiyAM sIdhI dasaveM se bArahaveM sthAna meM pahuMca kara patana ke khatare ko khatma kara detI hai| vAstava meM sthUla nivRtti guNa vikAsa ko paripakva nahIM hone detI hai| (9) anivRtti bAdara samparAya vAle isa sopAna kA artha yaha hai ki aba. sAmAnya-sI kASAyika vRttiyAM bacI haiM aura sAdhaka kI avasthA vizeSa utpanna ho gaI hai| isameM kaSAya saMkleza kI kamI ke sAtha pariNAmoM kI zuddhi bar3hatI jAtI hai| isa zuddhi kA stara itanA bar3ha jAtA hai ki usake adhyavasAyoM kI bhinnatA pichale sthAna kI bhinnatAoM se bahuta kama ho jAtI haiN| upazamaka aura kSapaka donoM prakAra kI vRttiyAM isa sthAna taka pahuMcatI haiN| isa sthAna ke samasamayavartI jIvoM ke pariNAmoM meM nivRtti nahIM hotii| (10) isa sthAna meM sakSma samparAya yAnI lobha kaSAya ke sakSma khaMDoM kA hI udaya raha jAtA hai| zeSa sabhI kaSAya yA to upazamita rahatI hai athavA kSaya ho jAtI hai| upazama aura kSaya-donoM sthitiyAM isa sthAna taka bhI banI rahatI hai| isameM zeSa bace lobha kaSAya se nivRtti ke prayAsa hote haiN| (11) isa sthAna taka pahuMcI AtmA kA guNa vikAsa upazAnta kaSAya vItarAga chAstha kahalAtA hai arthAt jinakI kaSAya upazAnta ho gaI haiM, jinako rAga yAnI mAyA aura lobha kA bhI bilkula udaya nahIM hai aura jinako chAyA (AvaraNabhUta ghAtI karma) lage hue haiN| isa sthAna para pahuMcane vAlA guNa vikAsa agale sthAna para tabhI pahuMca sakatA hai jo upazama zreNI kA na hokara kSapaka zreNI kA hotA hai| upazama zreNI kA guNa vikAsa isa sthAna se patita ho jAtA hai aura vaha nIce cauthe sthAna taka gira jAtA hai| yahAM se AtmA kA patana Aroha krama se bhI hotA hai| isa krama meM gyArahaveM se cauthe sthAna ke bIca meM bhI kahIM ThaharAva ho sakatA hai| patana kA asara joradAra ho to vaha pahale sthAna taka bhI ho sakatA hai| upazamaka evaM kSapaka zreNiyoM ke utAra car3hAva kA krama evaM sthAnoM kI avApti bhinna-bhinna hotI hai| dabI huI Aga kabhI-bhI kahIM bhI phira se prajvalita ho sakatI hai kintu naSTa kI huI Aga ke phira se bhar3akane kA prazna hI nahIM rhtaa| (12) yaha sthAna upazAnta se kSINa kaSAya vItarAga chadmastha kA ho jAtA hai, jahAM ke guNa vikAsa meM mohanIya karma kA sarvathA kSaya ho jAtA hai, phira bhI zeSa tInoM ghAtI karma zeSa raha jAte haiN| kSINa 291

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sucaritram kaSAya isIliye isa sthAna kA nAma hai| isa sthAna ke praveza kevala kSapaka zreNI ke gaNa vikAsa se hI ho sakatA hai, ata: yahAM se patana kA khatarA khatma ho jAtA hai| (13) guNa vikAsa kA yaha vaha adbhuta sthAna hai jahAM sarvocca jJAna kaivalya kI prApti ho jAtI hai| cAroM ghAtI karma naSTa ho jAte haiM aura yoga vyApAra zeSa rahatA hai jo sayogI kevala kahalAtA hai| sayogI kevala avasthA kI kAlAvadhi eka aMtarmuhUrta se lekara kucha kama eka karor3a pUrva taka kI ho sakatI hai? yoga kA artha hai mana, vacana, kAyA kI pravRtti jo praznoM ke uttara dene, upadeza dene meM prayukta hotI hai| halana calana Adi kriyAoM meM kAyA yoga kA upayoga hotA hai| yahAM rAgadveSa kA samUla vinAza ho jAtA hai| yahAM samudghAta kI kriyA hotI hai jisase cAroM aghAtI karmoM kI sthiti samAna banA dI jAtI hai| AvazyakatA nahIM hone para yaha kriyA nahIM kI jAtI hai| (14) isa sthAna para yoga vyApAra bhI samApta ho jAtA hai-kevalI sayogI se ayogI ho jAte haiN| tInoM prakAra ke yogoM kA nirodha ho jAtA hai| isa sthAna kI sthiti pAMca laghu akSara (a. i. u. R. R.) ke uccAraNa jitanI hotI hai| tInoM yogoM ke nirodha kA krama sthUla se calakara sUkSma taka pahuMcatA hai| taba sampUrNa anivRtti kI avasthA ho jAtI hai| taba zailezIkaraNa se saMsAra meM bAMdhakara rakhane vAle samasta karmoM kA anta ho jAtA hai| vaha sarvocca guNa vikAsa siddhAvasthA kA vAhaka bana jAtA hai| nIMva hilI to imArata DhahI aura chata DalI to kAma sahI: mahAvIra ne apanI prathama dharma dezanA meM prabodha diyA ki jo mamatva buddhi kA parityAga kara detA hai, vahI vastutaH parigraha kA tyAga kara sakatA hai (je mamAiyamaI jahAi, se jahAi mamAiyaM-AcArAMga, 1-2-6) / isa prabodha kA dUsarA pakSa yaha hogA ki jo mamatva buddhi kA tyAga nahIM karatA, vaha mamatva se grahaNa kiye jAne vAle parigraha kA bhI tyAga nahIM kara sakatA hai| yaha satya hai ki jaba taka mamatva buddhi kA parityAga nahIM hotA, vyakti kI padArthoM ke prati Asakti banI rahatI hai| Asakti ke samApta hue binA sAdhanA, guNa vikAsa evaM caritra nirmANa kI svastha anurakti paidA nahIM hotI hai| yaha anurakti nahIM to sacce sukha kI anubhUti nhiiN| Asakti hI samasta duHkhoM evaM avikAsa kI jar3a hai| isake rahate rAgadveSa kA unmUlana nahIM hotA aura vItarAgatA kA guNa vikAsa nahIM ho sakatA hai| jaba mamatva buddhi ghaTegI aura miTegI tabhI samatva guNa kI utpatti evaM abhivRddhi ho skegii| eka ko tyAga aneka grahaNa karane kI kalpanAeM evaM cintAeM jaba taka calatI rahegI, mAnava apane guNa yA caritra vikAsa ke lakSya ke prati ekaniSTha nahIM ho skegaa| isa saMdarbha meM yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki sahI arthoM meM tyAgI kauna ho sakatA hai? tyAgI kI paribhASA hai ki jo iSTa, kAnta, manojJa, manonukUla viSaya sAmagrI ko prApta karake bhI usase vimukha ho jAtA hai arthAt svecchA se usakA tyAga kara detA hai vahI saccA tyAgI hai (jeya kaMte pie bhoe, laddhe vi piTThI kuvvaI, sAhINe cayai bhoe se hu cAI tti vuccai-dazavaikAlika sUtra ) / jo svecchA se 292

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AcAra ke uccatara bindu, ahiMsaka krAMti aura vyaktitva gaThana mamatva buddhi kA tyAga nahIM karatA-cAhe usa sAmagrI kA upabhoga bhI na karatA ho, phira bhI use tyAgI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| isase guNavattA kI sthiti spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki tyAga mana kI saharSa svIkRti ke sAtha hI honA caahie| jo svecchA se tyAga karatA hai, vahI tyAgI kahalAtA hai| mukhya bAta hai mamatva buddhi kA tyAga, jisake binA guNa vikAsa kI pUrNatA kI dizA meM gati nahIM hotI aura jo yaha tyAga ho jAe to sakala guNa vikAsa kA krama sahaja bana jAtA hai| agara nIMva pukhtA banI hai to imArata bhI pukhtA hI hogii| lekina kaccI nIMva para jo imArata banA bhI dI gaI taba jaba bhI kisI kAraNa se nIMva hilI to samajhie ki imArata ddhhii| samatva buddhi maulika jIvana kI nIMva hotI hai aura cAritrika guNa hote haiM nIMva kI iiNtteN| kintu mamatva buddhi vaha gArA miTTI hai jisa para yadi nIMva DAlI gaI to vaha imArata ko pakkI nahIM banane degii| ___ yaha vicAraNIya tathya hai ki vyakti ke bhItara mamatva buddhi kA eka jAla-sA bunA huA rahatA hai| usake rezamI dhAge itane jaTila aura ulajhe hue hote haiM ki unako khola pAnA AsAna nahIM hotaa| bAhara kI rassI meM par3I gAMTheM bhI jaba bar3I muzkila se khula pAtI haiM to mamatva buddhi kI graMthiyoM ko kholanA sarala kaise ho sakatA hai? lekina usakA bhI AzAspada mArga hai aura vaha hai ki mAnava antarmukhI banesvayaM kA svayaM dRSTA ho| antarmukhI banane kI cAha jaga jAe to rAha kaThina nahIM hai| cAha nahIM to koI rAha nahIM aura cAha jage to rAha kaThina nahIM-isakA anubhava saba ko apanI sAmAnya jIvana caryA meM bhI hotA rahatA hai| kAma par3ane para kI to kahAvata banI hai ki gadhe ko bhI bApa banAnA par3atA hai| jaba apanA matalaba pUrA karane kI rAha khoja lI jAtI hai to antarmukhI banane kI cAha kyoM nahIM jagAI jA sakatI hai? eka cAha jaganI cAhie, saMkalpa bananA cAhiye, phira kucha bhI asaMbhava nahIM rahatA hai| ___ Aja jidhara dekheM, vahAM bahirmukhatA hI najara A rahI hai| jitanA AkarSaNa Aja bAhara kI duniyA ko dekhane kA, usako sunane kA, samajhane kA hai utanA, utanA nahIM, usake Adhe pratizata jitanA bhI AkarSaNa antarmukhitA ke prati jaga jAe to rAstA sugama ho sakatA hai kyoMki usase utpanna hone vAlA guNoM kA vikAsa Age se Age mArga ko prazasta banAtA rhegaa| bahirmukhI vRtti mamatva buddhi kA vistAra hai, isaliye guNavattA kA bikharAva hai| aise meM digvimUDha-sI dazA ho jAtI hai| jabaki antarmukhI vyakti kA vyaktitva eka alaga kisma kA hotA hai| vaha apanI zaktiyoM kA sadupayoga karatA hai aura guNa vikAsa ko pUrNatA pradAna karake alaukika Ananda kA anubhava karatA hai| jIvana kA sAra use prApta ho jAtA hai aura vaha guNa vikAsa kA saphala preraka bana jAtA hai| antarmukhI vyakti adbhuta jIvanazailI vAlA hotA hai-jaba taka usake svArthoM kI pUrti hotI rahatI hai taba taka vaha unheM apane sapanoM kA rAjA mAnatA hai aura svArtha pUrti kA abhAva bana jAtA hai taba snehI se snehI jana bhI aparicita ho jAtA hai| parantu antarmukhI apanA aura sabakA samAna rUpa se mitra, hitaiSI evaM sahAyaka banA rahatA hai| ___ antarmukhitA ke guNa ko gaharAI se smjhie| AtmA kA jo apanA svabhAva hai, jIvana kI jo maulikatA hai vaha hai antarmukhitA, kyoMki yaha guNa caritra vikAsa kI nIMva kI, mAnoM ki pahalI IMTa hai| phira guNa vikAsa kA krama itanA svastha, itanA zIghragAmI aura itanA saTIka hotA hai ki nIMva kI 293

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sucaritram $294 sArI IMTeM majabUtI se Apasa meM isa taraha jur3a jAtI hai ki sArI nIMva hI ekarUpa ho jAtI hai, phira usa para caritra vikAsa kI jo imArata banatI hai, usake Dhahane kA kabhI koI khatarA paidA hI nahIM hotA / AtmA jaba sva meM sthita hokara apanI vRttiyoM evaM pravRttiyoM meM nirata rahatI hai taba usakI gati maulika 'evaM svAbhAvika hotI hai| kintu jaba ve hI vRttiyAM evaM pravRttiyAM bahirmukhitA meM bhaTaka jAtI haiM ulajha jAtI haiM taba vaha gati vaibhAvika kahalAtI hai| svabhAva se viparIta bhAva yAnI vibhaav| vibhAva mAnavIya guNoM kA hrAsa karatA hai aura svabhAva unakA vikaas| yaha anubhava meM AtA rahatA hai ki jaba jaba mAnava apane bhItara kI AvAja ko ThukarAtA hai-apane svabhAva se muMha mor3atA hai taba taba vaha bhAna bhale hI bhUlatA rahe, para itanA dhyAna to use rahatA hai ki jo kucha vaha kara rahA hai - jaise balAt kara rahA hai aura vaha acchA nahIM hai| kintu bahirmukhatA kA AkarSaNa use apane svabhAva ke ulaTa kAma karate rahane ko vivaza kara detA hai / isa manaHsthiti se Aja ubarane kI jvalaMta samasyA hai| jIvana meM gulAmI rahe to guNa kahAM se vikaseMge - gulAma kA to jamIra hI jindA nahIM rhtaa| svataMtratA ke sukha kA svAda jo eka bAra cakha letA hai, antarmukhI banane kI cAha jagA letA hai, usake cAritrika guNoM kA vikAsa sugama bana jAtA hai| vikAsazIla guNoM ke caudaha sthAnoM ke vivaraNa meM batAyA gayA hai ki burAiyoM ko, azubhatA ko, pApakarmoM ko kevala dabA dene kA hI kAma kiyA to vaha adhUrA rahegA, balki dabI huI azubha manovRtti jaba phira se bhar3akegI to vaha kaI gunA visphoTa bana kara prApta guNa vikAsa ko maTiyAmeTa kara degI / ataH azubhatA ko naSTa karate calie tAki prApta zubhatA sthira aura sugama bana sake tathA guNa vikAsa ko antima lakSya taka pahuMcA ske| 'nIMva hilI to imArata DhahI' kI kahAvata ko Age isa taraha bar3hAveM ki 'aura chata DalI to kAma sahI' arthAt guNa vikAsa ke bArahaveM sthAna ko imArata kI chata samajha leN| ahiMsaka krAnti kA AgAja, vizvavyApI maMthana evaM phalazruti : mAdhyama jo dUsare vizva yuddha (1944-45 ) ke bAda ke itihAsa para najara rakhe hue haiM, rASTroM ke bIca uThane vAle vivAdoM tathA unake nivAraNa ke upAyoM kI samIkSA karate rahate haiM tathA saMyukta rASTra saMgha ke rASTroM ke dRSTikoNoM ko parakhate rahate haiM, ve vizvAsapUrvaka kaha sakate haiM ki taba se sabhI vizva zaktiyoM kA jhukAva hiMsA kI apekSA ahiMsA kI ora bar3hA hai| lAkha uttejanAtmaka vaktavyoM, ghoSaNAoM Adi ke uparAnta bhI eka meja para baiTha kara carcAeM karane, ApasI samajhautoM para bala dene tathA zAnti banAye rakhane kI manovRtti kA rASTroM ke bIca vikAsa huA hai| bhArata ne jisa ahiMsAtmaka rIti-nIti se apanI svataMtratA kA saMgharSa calAyA aura bAda meM bhI vizva maitrI kI apanI videza nIti jArI rakhI usakA parokSa prabhAva sArI duniyA para par3atA rahA hai| aNu astroM aura saMhAraka sAmagrI ambAra para baiTha kara bhI Aja ye saba apanA mahattva yA apanI upayogitA khote jA rahe haiN| pAMcoM aMguliyAM eka sI nahIM hotI aura kaI tAkateM Aja bhI hiMsA, AtaMkavAda aura sAmpradAyikatA phailAne meM lagI haiM, phira bhI unakI tulanA meM zAnti kI zaktiyoM kA palar3A bhArI ho gayA hai aura unake dvArA hiMsA ke kAraNoM ko miTAne kI kozizeM kI jA rahI haiN| aba isa stara para kahA jA sakatA

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AcAra ke uccatara bindu, ahiMsaka krAMti aura vyaktitva gaThana hai ki vizva kI rAjanIti meM ahiMsaka krAnti kA AgAja ho cukA hai| vartamAna vizva evaM samAja meM rAjanIti kA kAphI prabhAva hai- anya sAmAjika nItiyAM usase prabhAvita rahatI hai| sabhI staroM para isa kAraNa vivAdoM ko mila baiTha kara sulajhAne tathA uttejaka ghaTanAoM ke bAda zAnti sthApanA hetu Thosa kAma karane kI Aja bahusaMkhyakI manovRtti bana cukI hai| ApasI bAtacIta se ApasI mela milApa bar3hatA hai aura hiMsA kA daravAjA banda hotA hai| hiMsA nahIM to vahAM ahiMsA AegI aura apane vidhAyI svarUpa kI kriyAnviti dekhegI hI / Aja pazuoM Adi ke sAtha krUratA ke virodha meM, paryAvaraNa rakSA ke pakSa meM tathA utpIr3ita mAnava vargoM ke kaSToM ko dUra karane meM jitanI tatparatA se aneka svayaMsevI saMsthAeM Adi kAryarata haiM unameM ahiMsA kI 'spiriTa' ke hI darzana hote haiM aura ye saba zubha lakSaNa haiM ki pUre vizva meM mAnava kA nava-caritra gar3hA jA rahA hai jo eka ke lie saba aura sabake lie eka ke sapane ko sAkAra karane kI AzA jagAtA hai| vizvavyApI ghaTanAoM ke vizleSaNa se yaha spaSTa hotA jA rahA hai ki ahiMsA kA bar3hatA prabhAva eka ora vartamAna lokataMtroM ke svarUpa evaM kArya svastha banAegA to dUsarI ora sarvatra aisI jIvanazailI kA vistAra karegA jo samatA, sarvahita, sneha, sahayoga evaM saha-astitva ke AdhAra para AgAja kI phalazruti mAna sakate haiN| caritra vikAsa se ho naye mUlyoM evaM naye mAnava-vyaktitva kA sRjana : nayA mAnava-vyaktitva sRjita hogA tabhI to sRjana ho sakegA naye mAnava mUlyoM kA / isa kAraNa pahale samajheM ki kyA hotA hai mAnava-vyaktitva tathA kisa prakAra vyaktitva kI rUparekhA banAI jAtI hai, usake Avazyaka tattvoM kI pUrti kI jAtI hai aura samagra vyaktitva kA aMkana kiyA jAtA hai| vyaktitva ke viSaya meM sAmAnya dhAraNA yaha rahatI hai ki vyaktitva vaha hai jo kucha hI mahApuruSoM ko prApta hotA hai aura jise pAne ke liye kaI loga saMgharSa karate rahate haiM / kintu manovijJAna ke anusAra yaha dhAraNA sahI nahIM hai| isakA mAnanA hai ki vyaktitva jaisI prApti pratyeka vyakti ko milI huI hotI hai| vyaktitva kA vaijJAnika tathya yaha hai ki vyaktitva pratyeka vyakti kA pRthak-pRthak hotA hai| isa AdhAra para kaha sakate haiM ki eka vyakti kI kArya vidhi kA saMgaThita svarUpa hI usakA vyaktitva hotA hai| isake pahaluoM ko dekheM- (1) prakRti (TemprAmeMTa) - isameM vyakti ke bhAvanAtmaka (imozanala) lakSaNa sammilita hote haiM, (2) caritra ( kerekTara) - isakA saMbaMdha naitika evaM cAritrika vizeSatA se hotA hai ki eka vyakti kA sabake sAtha vyavahAra kaisA hai aura usakA loga kyA naitika Akalana karate haiN| isameM guNa yA avaguNa sAmane Ate haiM ki kauna kitanI sAmAjikatA rakhatA hai, kitanA udAra aura lacIlA hai yAnI ki vyavahAra meM kitanA sAhasahIna yA kamajora hai| ina guNAvaguNoM meM kAyaratA, ImAnadArI, krUratA Adi sabhI zAmila rahate haiM aura inakI samIkSA tatkAlIna sAmAjika naitikatA kI saMhitA ke anusAra hotI hai| ye jo cAritrika guNa haiM, ve hI vyaktitva ke guNa kahalAte haiN| inhIM guNoM se bhinna-bhinna vyaktitvoM kI tadanusAra vibhinnatA dikhAI detI hai / (3) ruciyAM aura rUkha-ye vyaktitva kI hI apanI-apanI vizeSatAeM hotI haiN| mukhyataH ina pahaluoM ke AdhAra para vyaktitva kI viziSTatA kA Akalana hotA hai, jo (a) guNa - mApaka (reTiMga skelsa), (ba) parakha 295

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sucaritram vidhi (TesTsa) aura (sa) praznAvaliyoM (kvazcanaiyarsa) dvArA kiyA jA sakatA hai| vyaktitvoM ke do pramukha vibhAga kie gae haiM-(1) antarmukhI (inTrovarTsa) aura (2) bahirmukhI (eksttrovrtts)| yaha vibhAjana manovijJAna ke AdhAra para hai| yaha mAnA gayA hai ki sabhI mAnava vyaktitvoM kA ina do prakAroM meM samAveza ho jAtA hai| manovijJAnavettA jaMga ke anusAra antarmukhI vyakti ve hote haiM jinakI ruciyAM AntarikatA kI ora maDa jAtI haiM aura vicArazailI bhI Antarika bana jAtI hai| jabaki bahirmakhI vyakti ve hote haiM jinakI ruciyAM bAharI vAtAvaraNa kI ora mur3a jAtI haiN| donoM prakAroM ke bIca kA eka ora mizrita prakAra hai jo bahumukhI (embIvarTsa) kaha jAte haiN| mAnA jAtA hai ki duniyA ke karIba Adhe vyakti isa prakAra ke hote haiM (janarala sAikolojI (aMgrejI) dvArA pro. je. pI. guilaphorDa, adhyAya 22 hyamana parsanAliTI ke AdhAra pr)| ukta graMtha 'hyUmana sAikolojI' kA yaha vivaraNa bhI dilacaspa hai| manovijJAna ke anusAra antarmukhI evaM bahirmukhI ke lakSaNa aura unakA antara isa prakAra hai-bahirmukhI-1. apane vAtAvaraNa ke prati satarka, 2. acchA mela milApI, 3. svabhAva meM utAra car3hAva, 4. tatkAla pratikriyA kA prakaTIkaraNa, 5. kArya meM tatparatA, 6. sakriyatA meM ruci, 7. parivartana pasanda, 8. tatkAla grahaNazIlatA aadi| antarmukhI-1. supta mAnasa va divAsvapnadarzI, 2. sAmAjika samparka ko TAlane vAlA, 3. pratyakSataH eka sA svabhAva, 4. bhAvoM ko vyakta nahIM karatA, 5. karane se pahale khUba socatA hai, 6. praticchAyA pasanda, 7. parivartana nApasanda, 8. kaThinAI se grahaNa karatA hai aadi| ... yaha to hai manovijJAnavettAoM kA vyaktitva gaThana ke saMbaMdha meM vishlessnn| nissaMdeha antarmukhitA evaM bahirmukhitA vyaktitva kI AdhAragata. lAkSaNikatA hotI hai| aba isake saMbaMdha meM eka marmajJa vicAraka jainendra kumAra jaina ke niSkarSa ko jAnie / ve batAte haiM ki "pratyeka vyakti apane vyaktitva . . meM ekatritatA aura ekAgratA lAnA cAhatA hai| dRr3ha vyaktitva hameM dikhAI dete haiM, ve vahI haiM, jinhoMne kisI na kisI prakAra yaha yoga aura aikya amuka mAtrA meM sAdhA hai| amuka vicAra, mata, Adarza yA / Asakti ke pIche jinhoMne apane ko homa diyA hai, usI lagana meM bAMdha diyA hai-aise loga bahuta kucha kara jAte haiN| dRr3hatA va kSamatA antaHpravRttiyoM ke isI ekIkaraNa kA nAma hai|...do zabda calA karate haiMantarmukhI aura bhirmukhii| ye donoM vRttiyA~ aura pravRttiyA~ anta meM ekatA sAdhane ke liye hI haiN| jo andara eka banatA hai, bAhara ke sAtha hI usakA sAmaMjasya bar3hatA hai yA bAhara ke prati apanA saMbaMdha sahI banAtA hai, vaha apane andara meM zAnta aura tRpta banatA hai| arthAt ekatA kisI ghire vRtta meM, bandapana meM siddha nahIM ho sakatI hai aura na vaha vyavahAra se nirapekSa hai| vyavahAra paraspara ke saMbaMdhoM ke AdhAra para banatA hai aura vyaktitva kI Antarika ekatA ina saMbaMdha sUtroM ke dvArA bAhara prabhAva aura sadbhAva utpanna kie binA nahIM raha sktii| vyakti jo virATa banatA hai. vaha isI prakriyA se| koI apane se baDA ho. isakA artha hI kacha nhiiN| aisA baDappana ekatA kA nahIM. ahaM kA dyotaka hai| ahaM ke roga meM gahare phaMse hue prANI hI vikSipta mAne jAte haiN| Apa kisI pAgala khAne meM jAkara dekhie, saba apane ko paramAtmA mAnate haiM, nahIM to bAdazAha, navAba, raIsa aadi| yaha zakti-kSaya kI sImA hai| isake virodha meM eka vaha niHsvabhAva siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai, jisameM na sva ke bhItara kATa ho, na sva para 296

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AcAra ke uccatara bindu, ahiMsaka krAMti aura vyaktitva gaThana meM kATa kI anubhUti ho| yaha avasthA zakti-sampannatA kI parAkASThA hogii|...lekin mere mana meM prazna hai ki paripUrNa saMyuktatA Adi ho to vyaktitva kA kyA svarUpa hogA? mujhe yaha anivArya jAna par3atA hai ki taba hiMsA ke bhAva yA karma ke liye vahAM avakAza nahIM raha jaaegaa| duzmana ke rahane kI jaba taka saMbhAvanA hai, taba taka muktatA meM kucha truTi hI mAnanI caahie| jo prema meM samA aura rama gayA hai, usameM vairabhAva yA para-bhAva kahAM raha jAyegA?...mujhe pratIta hotA hai ki hiMsaka parAkrama buniyAda meM apane hI Dara meM se nikalatA hai| apanA Dara mUla meM saMyuktatA nahIM, vibhaktatA kA paricAyaka hai arthAt sampUrNa saMyuktatA Izvaratva aura prema se hI prApta kI jA sakatI hai| vaha jo kabhI TUTe nahIM, Dige nahIMaisI dRr3hatA hiMsaka meM nahIM ho sktii| hiMsaka kI dRr3hatA kaTTara hotI hai, loca usameM nahIM hotaa| isase dRr3hatA bhI vaha saccI nahIM hotii| aisA bala sadA apane se adhika bala se DaratA hai| isase yaha mAna liyA jAe, maiM to mAnatA hI hU~ ki mAnava vyaktitva kI akhaMDa yuktatA kaThoratA meM nahIM, komalatA meM hI sampanna ho sakatI hai| kaThoratA meM se jinhoMne ekAgratA ko sAdhanA cAhA, aise ugra tapasvI aura udbhaTa puruSa anta meM TUTe hI haiM, kyoMki gahare meM unameM kahIM darAra aura tarer3a par3I huI rahatI hai|...jinko itihAsa ne aura mAnavatA ne mukta mAnA hai, jinheM avatAra taka kaha kara bhI manuSya kI Atura zraddhA tRpti nahIM pAtI hai, jina para kaSTa para kaSTa Ate gae haiM aura jinase uttara meM miThAsa para miThAsa milatI gaI hai, jinhoMne balidAna liyA nahIM hai, tilatila apanA hI balidAna diyA hai, ve puruSa hI usa siddhi ke parama dRSTAnta bane haiM, jise pUrNa yoga (kampalITa inTIgrezana oNpha parsanaliTI) kahA jA sakatA hai (graMtha 'samaya aura hama,' adhyAya-'vaijJAnika adhyAtma' pRSTha 124-127) / " ___ aba mAnava-mUlyoM kI carcA kreN| saMyukta aura ekAgra vyaktiyoM ke sRjita hone se mAnavatA ke naye pragatizIla mUlyoM kA sRjana eka sakriya prayAsa bana jaaegaa| isa saMbaMdha meM samatA darzana praNetA sva. AcArya zrI nAneza ke vicAra cintana meM lie jAne caahie| unakI mAnyatA hai-"siddhAntaparaka evaM guNamUlaka saMskRti hI apane yathArtha artha meM mUlyoM kI saMskRti hotI hai|" vastutaH guNoM kA nAma hI mUlya haiM / guNa ve haiM jo guNI ko guNavAn banAte haiM yA yoM kaheM ki eka manuSya ko manuSyatA ke guNoM se vibhUSita karate haiN| manuSya mAtra honA utanA sArthaka nahIM hai, balki yadi usameM manuSyatA ke guNoM kA samyak vikAsa nahIM huA hai to vaha nirarthaka bhI kahalA sakatA hai| manuSya hone ke sAtha manuSyatA kA honA atyanta Avazyaka hai| yadi aisA jala ho jisase pyAsa hI nahIM bujhatI ho to phira use jala mAnegA hI kauna? jala kA guNa hai pyAsa bujhAnA aura yadi guNI meM usake guNa kA hI abhAva hai to guNI nirguNI khlaaegaa| isI prakAra manuSyatA ke astitva se hI manuSya kA bodha hotA hai, ataH manuSyatA usakA mUla guNa hai| manuSya ke liye yahI mUlyAtmaka jIvana hai ki vaha sarvaprathama manuSyatA (mAnavIya mUlyoM evaM guNoM) ko dhAraNa kre| yadi manuSya meM manuSyatA hI nahIM hai to vaha guNahIna hogA, mUlyahIna khlaaegaa|...mnussytaa hotI hai mAnavocita siddhAntoM tathA guNoM kA puNj| yahI manuSya ke mUlyoM kA samUha bhI hogaa| mAnavocita vizeSaNa kA kyA artha leM? mAnavocita kA artha hotA hai jo mAnava ke liye ucita ho| manuSya ke liye ucita kyA? isa viSaya para vItarAga devoM ne sampUrNa prakAza DAlA hai jise hama AtmasAt karake apane Apako bhI manuSyatA pahacAnane kI kasauTI banA sakate haiN| isa pahacAna meM merI mAnyatA hai ki merI AsthA bhI upayogI hogI to merA tarka bhI kAma kregaa| vyAvahArika 297

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sucaritram vAtAvaraNa ke pratyeka kriyA-kalApa ke sAtha hRdaya ko jor3ane para svAbhAvika rUpa se samajha meM A jAegA ki mAnavocitatA kyA hotI hai| use batAne kI jarUrata nahIM pdd'egii| vaha svayameva vyakti kI vRttiyoM-pravRttiyoM meM samAhita hotI jAegI aura usakA pratyakSa anubhava ho jaaegaa| eka hRdaya se dUsare, tIsare aura isa taraha kaI hRdayoM ko spandita karatI huI mAnavocitatA eka spaSTa mUlya kA rUpa le legii| ataH siddhAnta paraka evaM guNamUlaka saMskRti ko hI maiM sabhI prANiyoM ke Atma-guNa vikAsa ke abAdha-mArga ke rUpa meM dekhatA hU~ (Atma samIkSaNa, adhyAya 4, sUtra 3 pRSTha 142) / " spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki mAnava vyaktitva kA gaThana kisa prakAra kI guNazIlatA ke AdhAra para kiyA jAnA cAhie aura mAnava mUlyoM kA sRjana bhii| caritra vikAsa mAnava-saMbaMdhoM meM ahiMsA kI pratiSThA kA kAraka bane : ___ paga-paga para dhyAna rahe ki caritra vikAsa kA mUla ahiMsA ho, AdhAra aura vistAra ahiMsA ho tathA prabhAva aura prApti ahiMsA se ho| jinhoMne ahiMsA ko parama dharma svIkAra kiyA athavA Aja bhI karate haiM, unake lie loka jIvana kI AvazyakatAeM anAyAsa hI siddha ho jAtI haiN| Aja varga, samAja, rASTra yA vizva mukha rUpa se zoSaNa kI samasyA se trasta hai| zoSaNa ke liye zuddha zabda hiMsA hai| zoSaNa itanA sUkSma aura vyApaka tattva hai ki amuka rAjanItika krAnti yA dUsare taraha ke AndolanoM se usakA samAdhAna ho jAegA-yaha aba taka bhulAvA hI siddha huA hai| bar3I kaThina aura jIvanavyApI sAdhanA hai hiMsA se lar3anA aura ahiMsA kI mAnava saMbaMdhoM meM pratiSThA krnaa| jaba aisA saMgharSa zurU kareMge taba patA calegA ki zoSaNa ko khatma karanA nirI Arthika yA rAjanItika samasyA hI nahIM hai, balki isa saMgharSa meM brahmacarya evaM aparigraha ko AtmasAt karanA hogA tathA caritra ko usa stara taka vikasita karanA hogA, jahAM vaha sva ko galA kara sarva meM samAhita ho jaae| caritra vikAsa ko isa lakSya kA sAdhaka banAnA hogA ki vaha vartamAna vizva ke vAtAvaraNa meM . hiMsA ko ghaTA-miTAkara ahiMsA kI sarvatra pratiSThA kare tathA zoSaNa ko sadA ke liye ukhAr3a pheNke| caritra vikAsa kA hI dAyitva hogA ki naye mAnava vyaktitva kA gaThana ho| 298

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jaba dharmAcaraNa rUr3ha hotA hai to bAdhita hotA hai caritra vikAsa

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jaba dharmAcaraNa rur3ha hotA hai to bAdhita hotA hai caritra vikAsa dharma kI udAratA se caritra kI vyApakatA hindU dharma kI yaha atIva hI mArmika kathA hai| isa mAnyatA meM devatAoM kI saMkhyA taiMtIsa karor3a tk| pahuMcatI hai, kintu brahmA, viSNu, maheza kI trimUrti kI mahimA sarvopari hai aura isa trimUrti meM bhI maheza ko mahodava kahA hai, jo adhika sammAnIya mAne jAte haiN| to yaha kathA hai inhIM mahAdeva kii| mahAdeva kI pahalI patnI satI thI jina para mahAdeva kA ananya prema thaa| yaha lambI kahAnI hai ki kisa prakAra satI ko apane pitA aura pati ke dvanda meM pati kI sammAna-rakSA heta saMgharSa karanA par3A thA aura antataH tad hetu satI ko balidAna bhI denA pdd'aa| yahAM saMbaMdhita viSaya yaha hai ki satI ke viraha meM mahAdeva ke mana-mAnasa para abhUtapUrva unmAda chA gyaa| ve satI ke zava ko kaMdhe para uThAe-uThAe sarvatra vilApa karate hue ghUmane lge| brahmA va viSNu ne unase zava chur3avAne ke aneka prayAsa kie parantu saphalatA nahIM milii| mahAdeva kA vyaktitva asAdhAraNa mAnA jAtA hai unakI apUrva vidyA evaM dhyAna sAdhanA Adi ke kaarnn| phira bhI satI ke moha ne unakI citta vRttiyoM ko isa prakAra bhramita kara diyA ki unakA sArA jJAna aura viveka eka bAra to 299

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sucaritram jaise rUr3ha hI ho gyaa| satI ke sivAya unheM kucha bhI nahIM dikhAI de rahA thA-zAyada ve yahI samajha rahe the ki apane kaMdhe para jo ve uThAe phira rahe haiM, vaha satI kA zava na hokara svayaM jIvita satI hI hai| isI kAraNa ve kisI bhI prakAra use chor3anA nahIM cAha rahe the| kintu brahmA aura viSNu pratyeka upAya se apane prayatna ko saphala hote dekhanA cAhate the ki zava ko mahAdeva ke kaMdhe se alaga kara diyA jAe jisase unakI Ahata cetanA punaH sajaga ho jAe tathA unakA vaha unmAda evaM bhrama samApta hokara jJAnadhyAna kA prakAza punaH jagamagA utthe| yaha sanAtana satya hai ki jJAna aura prakAza caitanya kA pratIka va lakSaNa hotA hai| jIva cAhe sakSma se bhI sUkSma kyoM na ho-usameM saMjJA kI vidyamAnatA hotI hai, kyoMki jIva kA lakSaNa hI jJAna ko kahA gayA hai| jJAna nahIM to jIva nhiiN| jar3a jJAna hIna hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki cetana sadA cetana rahatA hai, jar3a meM parivartita kadApi nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra jar3a kabhI cetana nahIM ho sktaa| kintu eka tathya avazya dekhA jAtA hai aura vaha yaha ki jaba caitanya ke mana mAnasa meM jJAna kSINa hone lagatA hai, viveka kunda par3a jAtA hai aura zraddhA aMdhI bana jAtI hai taba usakI samajha rUr3ha ho jAtI hai| rUr3ha kA artha hai rUr3hi meM jakar3I huI viveka shuunytaa| aisI rUr3hatA se jaba cetanA grasita ho jAtI hai to bhrama aura unmAda use isa taraha kaida kara lete haiM ki vaha cetanA jar3a to nahIM hotI, kintu jar3avata avazya ho jAtI hai| ___ to isa kathA kA silasilA yaha hai ki mahAdeva kA mana-mAnasa bhI kucha aisI hI jar3atA se grasita ho gayA thaa| isa kathA kA marma yaha hai ki itane mahAn devatA bhI yadi jar3atA se grasta ho sakate haiM to sAmAnya jana kI bAta kyA kaheM? sAmAnya jana ko zAyada cetAvanI dene ke liye hI yaha kathA hai ki use apanI viveka buddhi ko kisa prakAra saheja kara sakriya evaM satarka banAe rakhanI caahie| roga jitanI jyAdA jaTilatA pakar3a le to usakA nidAna utanA hI kaThina bhI karanA par3atA hai| mahAdeva ke krodha kI jokhima apane sira para lekara bhI viSNu ne antima upAya soca liyaa| apane sudarzana cakra ko unhoMne Adeza diyA ki vaha atyanta kuzalatA se satI ke zava ko khaMDa-khaMDa kATatA rahe ki mahAdeva ko usakA taranta bhAna na ho| Adezita cakra ne vaisA hI kiyA aura jaba zava kA antima khe bhI bhUmi para gira par3A aura kaMdhA ekadama khAlI ho gayA taba yakAyaka mahodava kI cetanA lauttii| taba jJAnI-dhyAnI ko krodha nahIM AyA, balki ve jAgarUka ho ge| unake mana meM pazcAtApa uThA ki unase aisA kyoM ho gayA? saca to yaha hai ki jaba kabhI kisI bhI kAraNa se cetanA para bhrama, unmAda aura jar3atA kA AvaraNa car3ha jAtA hai to vaisI jar3atA vyakti ke viveka ko hI bhraSTa nahIM karatI hai, apitu samAja ke sAre pariveza ko bhI bigAr3atI aura kalaMkita banAtI hai| yahI rUr3hatA hai| kyA hai saccA dharma aura kaisA honA cAhiye usakA AcaraNa : :: . jIvana ke sAtha jisakA ananya saMbaMdha ho, vahI saccA dharma hai| vastu kA svabhAva hI usakA dharma hai (vatthu sahAvo dhammo) arthAt pratyeka dravya kA usakA apanA svabhAva hotA hai aura vaha svabhAva hI usakA dharma mAnA jaaegaa| jaise agni hai, usakA svabhAva hai uSNatA to uSNatA usakA dharma huaa| jIvana caitanya-svarUpa hai to cetanA usakA svabhAva huA, dharma huaa| cetanA sadA nirmala rahe, prakAza phailAve aura sAre jagata ko prakAza se jagamagAtI rahe-yaha cetanA kA dharma mAnA jaaegaa| jahAM cetanA 300

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jaba dharmAcaraNa rur3ha hotA hai to bAdhita hotA hai caritra vikAsa jAgRta hai, sarvahitaiSINI hai, sanmArga darzikA hai, Ananda aura prema se paripUrita hai, vahAM hI saccA dharma hai| jIvana jagamagAtA hai dharma prakAza phailAtA hai| yoM dharma sahaja hai, subodha hai, sugama hai| ___taba koI bhI jijJAsu yaha prazna uThA sakatA hai ki vibhinna nAmoM yA pratIkoM se jAne, jAne vAle dharma Aja itane jaTila aura durbodha kyoM pratIta hote haiM? kisI bhI dharma kA pravartana to sarvakalyANa ke uddezya se hI huA, kintu pravartakoM ke uttarAdhikAriyoM ne use vizeSa prakAra kI vezabhUSA, kriyAkAMDa aura paramparAoM se bAMdha kara jaTila banA diyA, jisase unakI gaddiyAM, unakA varcasva aura asara to saMkucita hokara bhI baca gayA, kintu usane anuyAyiyoM ke viveka ko bAMdhakara zraddhA ke aMdhe kue meM phaiMka diyaa| kUpa maMDUka kI kitanI aukAta? isa kriyAkalApa meM dharma jIvana se alaga par3ane lgaa| dharma jIvana kA svabhAva nahIM, basa eka khilaunA bhara raha gayA ki ghar3I bhara ke liye koI bhI dhArmika kriyAkAMr3a kiyA, phira khilaune kI taraha use dUra paTaka diyA aura samajha liyA ki dina bhara ke bAkI kAmoM meM unakA dharma se koI vAstA nhiiN| dharmasthala kI sAdhanA alaga ho gaI aura ghara kI sAdhanA alg| dharmasthala para cIMTI ko satAte bhI jaise kalejA kAMpatA hai kintu dhaMdhe meM garIboM kA khUna cUsa lene para bhI mana meM tanika bhI kampana nahIM hotA-yaha kaisA viparyAsa hai? dharma kA yaha dvaita kyA sahana karane lAyaka bhI hai? ___ dharma ke sacce svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM gUr3ha cintaka sva. amara muni jI kA cintana apUrva preraNA pradAna karatA hai| ve batAte haiM-"yadi antara meM dharma kA prakAza ho gayA ho to koI kAraNa nahIM ki bAhara meM aMdhakAra rhe| antara ke Aloka meM vicaraNa karane vAlA kabhI bAhara ke aMdhakAra meM nahIM bhaTaka sktaa|" dharma kA saccA svarUpa yahI hai ki yadi antara meM prakaTa hokara vaha Ananda kI srotasvinI bahAtA hai, to vaha nizcaya hI sAmAjika, pArivArika evaM rASTrIya jIvana ke kinAroM ko sarasabja bnaayegaa| nadI kA, nahara kA aura tAlAba kA kinArA evaM paripArzva kabhI-bhI sUkhA nahIM raha sktaa| vahAM harI-bharI hariyAlI kI mohaka chaTA chiTakatI milegii| yadi bAhya aura antara jIvana meM pharka hai, to usakA matalaba yahI hai ki bAhara aura bhItara donoM aura divAlA hI divAlA hai, jIvana meM dharma kA devatA prakaTa huA hI nahIM hai, sirpha usakA svAMga hI racA gayA hai-vaMcanA aura pratAraNA mAtra hai|...dhrm kA saMbaMdha AcAra (AcaraNa) se hai| AcAra ko prathama dharma kahA gayA-"AcAra: prathamo dhrmH|" yaha ThIka hai ki bahuta pahale dharma kA saMbaMdha andara aura bAhara donoM prakAra ke AcAroM se thA aura isa prakAra adhyAtma bhI dharma kA hI eka Antarika rUpa thaa| isIliye prAcIna jaina graMthoM meM dharmAcaraNa ke do rUpa batAye gaye haiM-nizcaya aura vyvhaar| nizcaya andara meM 'sva' kI zuddhAnubhUti evaM zuddhopalabdhi hai, jabaki vyavahAra bAhya kriyAkAMDa hai bAhyAcAra kA vidhi-niSedha hai| nizcaya trikAlAbAdhita satya hai, vaha deza kAla kI badalatI huI paristhitiyoM se bhinna nahIM hotA hai, zAzvata evaM sArvatrika hotA hai| vaha dezakAla ke AdhAra para badalatA rahatA hai, zAzvata evaM sArvatrika nahIM hotaa| dinAMka to nahIM batAyA jA sakatA, kintu kAphI samaya se dharma apanI antarmukha sthiti se dUra haTa kara bahirmukha sthiti meM A gayA hai| Aja dharma kA artha vibhinna sampradAyoM kA bAhyAcAra saMbaMdhI vidhi-niSedha hI raha gayA hai| dharma kI vyAkhyA karate samaya hara mata aura paMtha ke loga apane paramparAgata vidhi-niSedha saMbaMdhI kriyAkAMDoM ko 301

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sucaritram , hI upasthita karate haiM aura unhIM ke AdhAra para apanA zreSThatva prasthApita karate haiN| isakA yaha artha hai ki dharma apane vyApaka artha ko khokara kevala eka kSaraNazIla saMkucita artha meM Abaddha ho gayA hai| ataH Aja ke manISI, dharma ke abhiprAya matapaMthoM ke amuka baMdhe-baMdhAye AcAra-vicAra se lete haiM, anya kucha nhiiN|...adhyaatm, jo prAcInakAla meM dharma kA hI eka Antarika aMga thA, jIvana-vizuddhi kA eka sarvAMgINa rUpa hai| adhyAtma mAnava kI anubhUti ke mUla AdhAra ko khojatA hai, usakA parizodhana evaM pariSkAra karatA hai| 'sva' jo ki svayaM se vismRta hai, adhyAtma isa vismaraNa ko tor3atA hai| 'sva' svayaM hI jo apane 'sva' se ajJAna tamas kA zaraNa sthala bana gayA hai, adhyAtma isI andha tamasa ko dhvasta karatA hai| vaha svarUpa-smati kI divya jyoti jalAtA hai, andara meM soe hae Izvaratva ko jagAtA hai, use prakAza meM lAtA hai| rAga, dveSa, kAma, krodha, mada, lobha, moha ke AvaraNoM kI gandI paratoM ko haTA kara sAdhaka ko usake apane zuddha 'sva' taka pahuMcAtA hai, use apanA antardarzana karAtA hai| adhyAtma kA AraMbha 'sva' ko jAnane aura pAne kI bahuta gaharI jijJAsA se hotA hai aura antataH 'sva' ke 'pUrNa' bodha meM, 'sva' kI 'pUrNa' upalabdhi meM isakI parisamApti hai (graMthacintana kI manobhUmi, adhyAya 31 dharma aura jIvana, pRSTha 271, 279-80) / " saccA dharma mAnava kA mala svabhAva hai. mAnava jIvana hai mAnavatA ke malya haiM aura sabake prati mAnavIya kartavyoM kA paMja hai tathA usa dharma kA prabhAvazAlI AcaraNa yahI ho sakatA hai ki jIvana aura dharma ghala-milakara ekarUpa ho jAya-advaita aura avibhaajy| vyakti se lekara vizva taka yaha ekarUpatA prasArita aura vyApta ho| aba nAmadhArI dharma isa sacce dharma ke kitane pAsa haiM yA kitane dUra? yaha AlocanA kA viSaya hai| AcaraNa ke do pakSa : kaunasA prANa, kaunasA kalevara : cAhe dharmAcaraNa ho athavA AcaraNa kA koI bhI anya prakAra-usake do pakSa hote haiM-AMtarika evaM bAhya athavA bhAvAtmaka evaM kriyaatmk| isakA pramANa yaha hai ki pratyeka kriyAkAMDa athavA rItirivAja soddezya hotA hai| jo bAhara kiyA jAtA huA dikhAI detA hai, vaha kevala utanA hI nahIM hotA hai, balki usake Age pIche bhI bahuta kucha aisA hotA hai jo dikhAI bhale na de, lekina vahI sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa hotA hai| yaha mahattvapUrNa hotA hai AMtarika athavA bhAvAtmaka pakSa / dekhate haiM ki eka vyakti amuka dhArmika kriyA kara rahA hai, jaise sAmAyika, saMdhyAvandana, svAdhyAya, kIrtana yA koI anya-to bAhara kI isa kriyA kA kucha Antarika uddezya hotA hai| sAmAyika karane vAle ko eka khAsa pariveza meM dekhakara pahacAna kI jA sakatI hai ki vaha amuka kriyA kara rahA hai| kintu dekhanA yaha hotA ki vaha usa kriyA ke AMtarika uddezya kI pUrti bhI kara pA rahA hai yA nhiiN| sAmAyika kA uddezya hai saba ke prati samabhAva kA udy| pUrNatayA samabhAva lambe abhyAsa ke pariNAma meM ho sakatA hai, kintu sAmAyika kara rahe upAsaka kI AntarikatA meM avazya samabhAva saMcarita honA cAhiye aura usakI jhalaka sAmAyika ke daurAna usake bAhya meM dikhAI denI caahie| Azaya yaha hai ki bhAva aura kriyA paraspara ekarUpa honI cAhie, balki kriyA para bhAva kA prabhAva spaSTa pratIta honA hI caahie| yaha tabhI saMbhava ho sakatA hai jaba pratyeka kriyA AntarikatA se upaje aura bhAvAbhibhUta banI rahe, balki eka 302

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jaba dharmAcaraNa rur3ha hotA hai to bAdhita hotA hai caritra vikAsa avadhi ke bAda sAmAnya jana bhI AsAnI se parakha sake ki usa kriyA kA mUlabhAva kyA hai? pratyeka kriyA apane mUla bhAva arthAt uddezya ko pratibimbita karane vAlI honI caahie| __ yoM kriyA aura bhAva AcaraNa ke do pakSa hue-eka bAhara pratyakSa dikhAI dene vAlA pakSa aura dUsarA bhAva kA AdhAragata pakSa jo kriyA meM spaSTa jhalakanA caahiye| isase AcaraNa kI ekarUpatA banatI hai aura ekarUpatA se hI usakI prAbhAvikatA hai| soceM ki Apake sAmane aise do vyakti khar3e haiM, jinheM Apa lambe arse se gahare taka jAnate haiN| una donoM meM se eka aisA hai, jo jaisA socatA hai, vaisA hI bAhara kahatA hai aura hamezA apanI kathanI aura karanI meM ekarUpatA rakhatA hai| dUsarA pahale se ThIka viparIta vRtti kA hai| hakIkata meM vaha kyA socatA hai, kisI para jAhira nahIM hone detA-phira jo kahatA, karatA hai, vaha kucha alaga hotA hai| kisI ke bhI kucha lambe samparka meM rahane se eka vyakti kI vRtti kI jAnakArI ho jAtI hai| loka vyavahAra meM bhI Apa kisI vyakti kI vRtti ke AdhAra para hI usakI vizvasanIyatA aura prAmANikatA kA mUlyAMkana kareMge phira dharmAcaraNa kA to nissaMdeha maulika mahattva hai aura isameM to AntarikatA aura bhAva ko hI pradhAnatA dI gaI hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki bhAva prANa hai to kriyA usakA bAhya klevr| jaise AtmA tathA zarIra ke * saMyukta rahane para hI jIvana rahatA hai aura AtmA nikala jAya taba vaha zarIra antima saMskAra ke yogya zava bana jAtA hai| mRta zarIra phira ghara meM rakhane lAyaka nahIM rhtaa| vaisA hI dharmAcaraNa kA koI bhI kriyAkAMDa ho usakI jIvantatA usake antarnihita uddezya va bhAva para TikI rahatI hai| yadi kriyA usa bhAva se zUnya huI to samajhie ki vaha nirarthaka ho gaI yAnI ki tyAjya bana gii| binA prANa kA kalevara kisa kAma kA? yadi kisI uttejanA, moha, haTha, kaTTaratA yA durAgraha Adi ke vazIbhUta hokara amuka nirarthaka kriyA ko pakar3e rakhA jAtA hai to vaha mRta kriyA mRta zarIra kI taraha sar3egI, durgaMdha phailAegI aura sabake bIca vikAroM kA phailAva kregii| aise kaTu anubhava vyakti aura samAja ko hote Ae haiM aura vidroha yA saMgharSa athavA anya prakAra se kriyA kI nirarthakatA ko samApta kara usake sahI artha kI pratiSThA punaH punaH kI jAtI rahI hai| sudRr3ha evaM zreSTha caritra vikAsa hI samaya para sundara samAdhAna nikAlatA rahA hai| dharmAcaraNa kI rUr3hatA ke kAraNa aneka, para pariNAma eka: ___ samajheM ki koI gRhahIna apane liye nayA ghara banAtA hai| nirmANa meM Avazyaka dhana kharca karatA hai, majabUtI aura kArIgarI kA pUrA dhyAna rakhatA hai to vaha ghara jarUra hI majabUta aura sundara bnegaa| lekina samaya kI mAra se koI bhI nahIM bctaa| samaya bItane ke sAtha ghara kA kSaraNa jarUrI hai aura sundaratA va majabUtI meM bhI kucha pharka AtA hI hai| kintu yadi gRhasvAmI satarka aura sAvadhAna rahatA hai, ghara ke rakha-rakhAva ko bhalI-bhAMti sambhAlatA hai to usa ghara ko lambe arse taka TikAe rakhane meM kAmayAba ho sakatA hai| kama se kama lambe arse bAda bhI usake yakAyaka girane aura jAnamAla ko nukasAna pahuMcane kI naubata nahIM aaegii| isake viparIta lAparavAha gRhasvAmI ghara kI saphAI, sundaratA aura majabUtI alpatama samaya taka hI banAe nahIM rakha skegaa| aura gRhasvAmI Upara se gAphila bhI rahA to cora ghuseMge, sAmAna le jAyeMge, DAkU A gae to pUrI lUTa macAeMge aura guMDe-mavAlI ghusa gae to ghara meM hI 303

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sucaritram jama jAeMge tathA gRhasvAmI kI chAtI para mUMga dalate rheNge| ghara kI rakSA ke samAna hI AcaraNa ke antaraMga kI rakSA kA prazna rahatA hai| yaha prazna dharmAcaraNa ke saMbaMdha meM to ati gaMbhIra mAnA jAnA caahie| yadi vyakti sAmAnya arthAt laukika AcaraNa aura dharmAcaraNa meM pUrI satarkatA aura sAvadhAnI baratatA hai to hara hAla meM AcaraNa zuddhi kI rakSA kara sakatA hai aura apanI AntarikatA tathA usake kAraNa AcaraNa ko vikRta hone se bacA sakatA hai| kintu vyakti kI sImA ke uparAnta bhI kaI bAra aise sAmUhika prasaMga bana jAte haiM jo kisI bhI prakAra ke AcaraNa ko bhraSTatA kI ora khIMca le jAte haiN| aise meM sAmUhika sajagatA jarUrI hotI hai, jo vyavasthita rUpa se kie gae caritra vikAsa ke prayAsoM se paidA kI jA sakatI hai tathA jAgRta banAe rakhI jA sakatI hai| phira bhI yahAM kucha una kAraNoM kI carcA kareM jo mukhya rUpa se dharmAcaraNa ko zithila aura niSkriya banAte haiM aura use jar3atA kI dizA meM bahuta dUra taka khIMca le jAte haiM ki vaha dharmAcaraNa karIba-karIba rUr3ha ho jAtA hai aura dharma kI AtmA ko mAra detA hai| dharmAcaraNa kI rUr3hatA ke ina kAraNoM kI bArIka samIkSA kI jAnI cAhie tAki caritra vikAsa kI prakriyA meM kacha aisI dRr3hatA kA samAveza karane ke prayAsa kie jAe ki koI bhI kAraNa dharmAcaraNa ko rUr3ha na banA sake aura jo kucha rUr3hatA ghiratI bhI rahe use yathA samaya dUra karate raha kara AntarikatA kI pavitratA ko prabhAvita na hone dI jaae| aise kinhIM kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa isa prakAra hai (1) kAlakrama kA duSprabhAva : kAlakrama naye ko purAnA banAtA hai-yaha svAbhAvika kriyA rokI nahIM jA sakatI hai, kintu adhika satarkatA va sAvadhAnI ke sAtha isa kriyA ko kAphI aMzoM meM aprabhAvI banA sakate haiN| satata jAgRti hI asalI sAvadhAnI hai| satata jAgRti se vaisA hI utsAha nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM banAyA rakhA jA sakatA hai jaisA prAraMbha meM hotA hai| isake liye sAdhya spaSTa rahanA cAhie tathA sAdhana Atma-kendrita hone caahie| (2) uttarAdhikAriyoM kI svArthaparatA : jo bhI mahApuruSa dharma siddhAntoM kA pravartana karate haiM, . unakA upadeza pUre vizva, sabhI mAnavoM aura prANiyoM ke lie hotA hai, kintu unake bAda unake uttarAdhikArI apane pravartaka kI lokapriyatA kA apane hita meM lAbha uThAnA cAhate haiM, isaliye ve saMkucita dAyare banAte haiM, unakA netRtva karate haiM, apane anuyAyiyoM kI bAr3e bandI karate haiM aura mAnava dharma ko kaTTara sampradAya meM badala dete haiN| isa svArthaparatA ko banAe rakhane ke lie unakA pahalA AkramaNa zuddha jJAna evaM zuddha AcaraNa para hotA hai tAki kaTTaratA ke vaza meM hokara anuyAyI apanA mAna bhI bhUleM aura unheM gherane kI himmata bhI chodd'eN| (3)sAmpradAyika saMkucitatA : vizvavyApI mAnava dharma ko agara choTI sI sampradAyoM meM kaida karate raheM to kaise bacegI usakI yathArthatA? vaha to dharma (sampradAyoM) ke ThekedAroM ke hAthoM kI kaThaputalI mAtra ho jAegA aura kaTTaratA ke raMga meM raMge usake anuyAyI parIkSA buddhi ko giravI rakha kara apane dharma ke samAja nAyakoM ke vaphAdAra bana jaayeNge| aise meM prANimAtra ko eka sUtra meM pirone vAlA dharma khaMDa-khaMDa hokara ekatA ko cUra-cUra karane vAlA bana jAtA hai| itanA hI nahIM, sAmpradAyikatA vivAda, saMgharSa, jihAda, AtaMka, hiMsA taka Age se Age ghAtaka rUpa letI rahatI hai| taba dharmAcaraNa 304

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jaba dharmAcaraNa bahotAhaito bAdhita hotA hai gharitra vikAsa rUr3ha hogA hI aura niSprabhAvI bhii| (4)aMdha zraddhA ko bar3hAvA : kaTTaratA, jJAna, viveka, AcaraNa sabako garta meM DAla detI hai aura jo pahale saccI zraddhA hotI hai, use sampradAya-moha meM jakar3a kara aMdha zraddhA meM badala detI hai| banda AMkhoM vAloM ko kahIM bhI le jAo, kucha bhI karAo aura cAhe kueM meM dhakkA de do, Apatti karane kI dazA hI kahAM rahatI hai? yoM dharmAcaraNa rUr3ha hI kyA, jar3avat ho jAtA hai| (5) siddhAntoM meM tor3a maror3a aura alagAva : pravartaka ke siddhAntoM ko bAda ke nAyaka apane svArthoM ke anusAra tor3ate rahate haiM aura alagAva kI galiyAM nikAlate rahate haiN| isa prakAra eka sampradAya bhI akhaMDa nahIM rahatI-kaI upasampradAyoM meM baMTatI rahatI hai aura alagAva kA krama jArI rahatA hai| yoM siddhAntoM kI avamAnanA hotI hai, cetanA zUnya kI jAtI hai, taba dharmAcaraNa kI pavitratA kA rakSaka hI kauna bacatA hai? ApasI khaMDana-maMDana, dveSa-vidveSa meM hI zakti kA apavyaya hotA hai aura dharmAcaraNa DhUr3he nahIM miltaa| (6) kriyAkAMDoM para hI jora : AntarikatA kI isa prakAra hatyA hotI rahane ke bAda dharmAcaraNa kA mRta zarIra hI to bacatA hai| basa, Aja ke adhikAMza dharmanAyaka bAhara ke kriyAkAMDoM para hI pUrA jora dete haiM, alaga-alaga pratIkoM ko majabUta banAkara apanI dukAnadArI pakkI karate haiM aura pradarzanoM tathA ADambaroM kI dhUma macA kara apanI yaza lAlasA ko tRpta karate haiN| ___ isa prakAra ke aneka kAraNa ho sakate haiM, jinake duSprabhAva se samyak siddhAntoM kI prabhAvikatA maMda hotI hai aura dharmAcaraNa sirpha bAhara ke dastUra bana kara raha jAte haiM, jo bAhara kI lAlasAeM pUrI karate haiM-bhItara ko to chUte hI nhiiN| kintu ina sAre kAraNoM kA pariNAma eka hI sAmane AtA hai ki samyaktva daba jAtA hai, mithyAtva ubhara AtA hai aura dharmAcaraNa apanI sArI yathArthatA, pavitratA evaM utthAna kSamatA kho detA hai| aise dharmAcaraNa ko phira se samyak banAne ke liye bhagIrathI prayAsa kI AvazyakatA khar3I ho jAtI hai| rUr3hatA kI pahalI mAra par3atI hai caritra-cetanA aura viveka-buddhi para: dharmAcaraNa jaba rUr3ha ho jAtA hai, AtaMrikatA ko pavitra banAe rakhane kI apanI kSamatA kho detA hai aura yazalipsu dharmanAyakoM ke prati kaTTaratA kA pratIka bana jAtA hai, taba usa bhraSTAcaraNa kI pahalI aura sAMghAtika mAra par3atI hai caritra-cetanA para tathA viveka-buddhi pr| sampradAyoM kI bher3iyAdhasAna meM sira jhukAe-AMkha baMda kiye jaba vyakti bebhAna-sA calatA hai taba usakA viveka naSTa ho jAtA hai tathA caritra bhraSTa ho jAtA hai| aise meM sacce dharma kA astitva to bacegA hI kahAM aura kaise? ____ AcArAMga sUtra ke chaThe adhyayana 'dhUta' ke pAMcaveM uddezaka 'sadupadeza aura zAnta sAdhanA' ke saMdarbha meM apanI TippaNI dete hue saMta saMtabAla kahate hai-"samartha sAdhaka sadbodha zravaNa karane kI icchA rakhane vAloM ko dharma kA rahasya samajhAte haiM-phira cAhe vaha muni sAdhaka ho yA gRhastha sAdhaka-sabako ahiMsA, tyAga, kSamA, saddharma kA phala, saralatA, komalatA, niSparigrahatA Adi sarva viSayoM kI yathArthatA batAte haiN|" kintu dharma ke virATa artha ko sAmpradAyikatA meM le jAne se use saMkIrNa rUpa 305

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sucaritram mila jAtA hai| kyoMki prAyaH pratyeka sampradAya meM rUr3hiyoM aura bAharI kriyAkAMDoM ko hI dharma rUpa meM svIkAra karane se saMkIrNatA gaharI ho jAtI hai aura vaisI saMkucitatA meM hI apanI sampradAya kA dharma hai, vahI paripUrNa dharma hai-aisA mAna liyA jAtA hai| yaha kahA jAtA hai ki hamAre mata-sampradAya meM Ane para hI mokSa lAbha ho sakatA hai| ...kintu, yaha kataI yathArtha nahIM hai| yaha socA jAnA cAhie ki usa sampradAya se saMbaMdhita pravartaka mahApuruSa ke samaya meM kaisI paristhitiyA~ thI aura pravartana ke vizeSa kAraNa kyA the? usa samaya dezakAla aura prajA kA mAnasa kaisA thA? yadi aise praznoM para vicAra maMthana kiyA jAtA rahe to dharma ke nAma para sAmpradAyikatA yA adharma nahIM phaila sakegA parantu aise satya vicAra ke lie jaisI jAgRta buddhi cAhie, usa buddhi ke bIca meM to pahale hI matAgraha kI dIvAra khiMca cukI hotI hai| vaha bAdhA rUpa banI rahatI hai aura buddhi ko satya kA sparza karane se roke rakhatI hai| mithyA ADambara, aMdhI bhakti, mithyA atizayokti tathA paramparAgata kalpanA se anuyAyiyoM kA mAnasa itanA rUr3ha ho jAtA hai aura hRdaya itanA AvezapUrNa bana jAtA hai ki navIna vicAra zreNI ko pacA sake-aisI viveka buddhi kA udbhava hI unameM nahIM ho sakatA hai| ve sirpha Upara ke karmakAMDoM meM magna raha kara dharma pAlana kI iti-samApti mAna lete haiN| Aja vyavahAra aura dharma ke bIca paidA hue bhArI antara kA mukhya kAraNa yahI jar3atA hai| isa jar3atA ne hI dharma ko udAra nahIM, 'udhAra' banA rakhA hai| isalie sUtrakAroM ne aisI jar3atA kI sthiti se bacane kA upadeza diyA hai| ...dharma to jIvanavyApI vastu hai| dharmiSTha mAtra dharma sthAna ko hI nahIM, vizva ke jitane kSetroM yA sthAnoM meM vaha samparka rakhatA hai, sabako pavitra banAtA hai aura unakI pavitratA banAye rakhatA hai| vaha saccI dharma bhAvanA ko samajhatA aura samajhAtA hai| vaha dharma kI aisI nakada bhAvanA cukAtA hai ki jar3a, rUr3hiyAM, bahama, lAlaca aura bhaya ke bhUtoM kI duniyAM racAne vAloM kI kalaI khula jAtI hai| vaha sApha batA detA hai ki aisI duniyA dharma kI hai hI nhiiN| aise nakada dharma kA pAlana vyaktigata rUpa se kiyA jAe tabhI vizva kA kalyANa ho sakatA hai (zrI AcArAMga sUtra no saMkSepa-gujarAtI-bhAga 3 pRSTha 43 44)" ___ isa dRSTi se Aja vyakti ko sabase pahale caritra cetanA aura viveka buddhi jagAnI hogI jo caritra nirmANa tathA vikAsa se hI saMbhava hai| 306

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durvyasanoM kI bAr3ha bahA detI hai| caritra nirmANa kI phaladAyI phasala ko 24

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durvyasanoM kI bAr3ha bahA detI hai caritra nirmANa kI phaladAyI phasala ko cAritrika patana arthAt sarvanAza! eka rAjA apane durvyasanI rAjakumAra se atyaMta duHkhI thaa| vaha use zarAba, taMbAkU, bhAMga Adi nazIle padArthoM se mukta karane kA bharasaka prayatna karatA rahA, kintu jaba use saphalatA nahIM milI to usane rAjakumAra ko eka anubhavI vaidya kI dekharekha meM sauMpa diyaa| vaidya ne rAjakumAra ko kahA-merI auSadhi kA yahI pathya hai ki Apa apane mAdaka padArthoM kI mAtrA kala se hI dugunI kara sakate haiN| rAjakumAra cauMkA ki vaidya jI yaha kyA kaha rahe haiM, kintu antataH prasanna hokara rAjakumAra ne unase pUchA-Apake isa pathya se mujhe kyA lAbha hogA? vaidya jI bole-rAjakumAra Apa ko isase cAra lAbha hoMge-1. isase cora bhAga jAeMge, 2. ApakA zarIra dubalA nahIM rahegA, 3. hamezA baiThane ke lie vAhana milegA aura 4. bur3hApA kabhI nahIM aaegaa| rAjakumAra itanA bhI mUrkha nahIM thA jo vaha vaidya jI ke usa pathya para kisI prakAra kI zaMkA nahIM krtaa| use saMdeha to huA, kintu vaha vaidyajI dvArA batAe gae cAroM lAbhoM ke viSaya meM spaSTa rUpa se samajha nahIM skaa| rAjakumAra ne vaidya jI se pUchA-Apa dvArA batAe gae 307

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sucaritram 308 lAbha mujhe ThIka se samajha meM nahIM Ae haiM, kRpA karake spaSTa kreN| taba vaidya jI ne kahA- ThIka hai, Apa ina lAbhoM ke viSaya meM sApha-sApha hI samajha - 1. nazIle padArthoM kI pUrI mAtrA se rAta meM lagAtAra khAMsI calatI rahegI to Ae hue cora bhAgeMge hI, 2. sUjana aura bAdI se zarIra moTA ho hI jAegA, 3. pairoM meM jarA sI bhI calane kI tAkata na raha jAne se vAhana kA upayoga karanA hI hogA aura 4. jaba javAnI meM hI mauta ho jAegI to bur3hApA kahA~ se AegA? yaha uttara sunate hI rAjakumAra isa taraha cauMkA jaise kisI ne bijalI kA karaMTa chuA diyA ho / vaha cIkha uThA nahIM Aja aura abhI se hI maiM sAre nazIle padArthoM kA tyAga karatA huuN| mujhe maranA nahIM hai, jInA hai aura khuza rahanA hai| koI bhI vyasanI apane sAre vyasana chor3akara jIvana ko mor3a sakatA hai, lekina sAdhAraNa rIti se aisA karanA kaThina hotA hai| use eka jhaTake kI jarUrata hotI hai ki usakA dila-dimAga hila. uThe / vyasanoM ko chur3Ane ke lie jhaTake vAle mAnasika prayoga kie jAne cAhie / kaisA hotA hai vyasana ? vyasana zabda kaise banA hai? yaha zabda banA hai do zabdoM ke mela sevi+asana arthAt bigar3A huA vikRta (vi) bhAjana (asn)| bigar3I huI vastuoM kA sevana karanA, bigar3I huI AdateM banAnA aura bigar3e hue AcaraNa meM lipta ho jAnA - yaha saba vyasana meM sammilita hotA hai| ise aMgrejI meM 'eDIkzana TU ivila hebiTsa' kahA jAtA hai| aisI burI AdateM, jo vyakti ko zArIrika rUpa se akSama banAtI haiM, mAnasika kamajorI lAtI haiM, dhana kI hAni karAtI haiM aura sadguNoM naSTa kara DAlatI haiN| eka pAzcAtya kAvya kA sArAMza hai- 'mRtyu evaM vyasana ina donoM meM se vyasana adhika kaSTadAyaka hai, kyoMki mRtyu to eka bAra hI kaSTa detI hai, kintu vyasanI vyakti jIvanabhara bAra-bAra mRtyu samAna kaSTa bhogatA rahatA hai|' yaha to hai jIvana kI bAta, lekina marane ke bAda bhI vaha nArakIya yAtanAoM ko bhogatA hai| dUsarI ora nirvyasanI vyakti jIte jI bhI sukha ke sAgara meM tairatA hai to mRtyu ke pazcAt bhI svarga ke divya sukhoM kA upabhoga karatA hai / yaha 'vyasana' zabda saMskRta bhASA kA hai, jisakA artha hai - kaSTa / yahA~ hetu meM pariNAma kA upacAra kiyA gayA hai| jina pravRttiyoM kA pariNAma kaSTadAyaka ho, una pravRttiyoM ko vyasana mAnA gayA hai| vyasana aisI Adata kA nAma hai jisake binA vyakti raha nahIM sakatA hai| aisI Adata ekadama nahIM bana majA letA hai, rasa pAtA hai taba usakA mana usa pravRtti ko doharAne se vaha pravRtti Adata bana jAtI hai| aisI Adata bhASA meM vyasana kI vyAkhyA isa rUpa meM kI gaI hai hai| aisI koI pravRtti pahale to vyakti AkarSaNa ke AdhAra para prAraMbha karatA hai| jaba usameM vaha bAra-bAra karane kA ho jAtA hai| bAra-bAra hI vyasana kahate haiN| eka saMskRta kavi kI vyasanasya mRtyozca vyasanaM kaSTamucyato / vyasanya dho'dho vrajati svayAtyivyasanI nataH / vyasanoM kI tulanA usa kIcar3a vAle daladalI khaDDe se kI jA sakatI hai, jisameM Upara to harIharI hariyAlI hotI hai, phUla khilakhilAte haiM, jina para mugdha hokara koI AsAnI se khaDDe meM gira jAtA hai| usa khaDDe se bAhara nikalanA asAdhya nahIM to duHsAdhya avazya ho jAtA hai / vyasanoM kA bAharI rUpa

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durvyasanoM kI bAr3ha bahA detI hai caritra nirmANa kI phaladAyI phasala ko cittAkarSaka hotA hai, jo vyakti ko daladala meM phaMsA detA hai| mUlataH sAre vyasana caritranAzaka hote haiN| amarabela kI taraha lipaTakara jIvana kA sarvanAza kara dete haiM vyasanaH Apane amara bela dekhI hogI, jisa kI koI jar3a jamIna para nahIM hotI, lekina vaha jisa kisI vRkSa para pUrI taraha lipaTa jAtI hai, usa vRkSa kA samUla vinAza ho jAtA hai| to vyasanoM ko amarabela ke samAna mAneM, jo mAnava jIvana se jaba lipaTa jAte haiM to jIvana kA eka bAra to sarvanAza karake hI chor3ate haiN| yaha viSailI bela ke samAna hotA hai, jo mAnava jIvana kI sAttvikatA ko naSTa kara detA hai, pArivArika jIvana ko vivAdoM meM ulajhA kara chor3a detA hai to sAmAjika jIvana meM pratiSThA aura mAna maryAdA ko dhUla meM milA detA hai| jainAcAryoM ne sAta prakAra ke durvyasanoM kA ullekha kiyA hai 'dyUtaM va mAMsaM ca surA ca vezyA, pAparddhi cauryaM paradArasevA / aitAni sapta vyasanAni loke, ghorAtidhoraM narakaM nayanti / ' ye sAta durvyasana haiM - 1. juA, 2. mAMsAhAra, 3. madyapAna, 4. vezyAgamana, 5. zikAra, 6. corI tathA 7. parastrI (parapuruSa) gamana / ye sAtoM durvyasana aMdhe kue ke samAna batAe gae haiM, jinameM girakara mAnava kevala pApa pravRttiyoM meM hI lagA rahatA hai| zurU karate samaya koI bhI vyasana choTA sA dIkhatA hai, lekina vaha vyasanakhorI lagAtAra bar3hatI jAtI hai aura behada bana jAtI hai| ina sapta durvyasanoM ke rUpa- aparUpa ko saMkSepa meM samajheM / - 1. juA juA kA prAcIna nAma hai dyUta krIr3A, jisameM ulajhakara yudhiSThira ne apanA saba kucha gaMvAyA hI nahIM, balki apane bhAiyoM ke lie vanavAsa bhI kmaayaa| juA khelane kI pravRtti isa lAlaca se zurU hotI hai ki binA mehanata kie bhArI mAtrA meM dhana-sampatti prApta kI jaae| juA aisA AkarSaNa bana jAtA hai ki chuTAe nahIM chuutttaa| bAra-bAra hAratA huA bhI juArI dAMva para dAMva khelatA jAtA hai ki agalI bAra jarUra khUba dhana mila jaaegaa| yaha AkarSaNa bhUta kI taraha mAnava kA sArA sattva cUsa letA hai| jisako yaha lata laga jAtI hai, vaha mAyA kI mRga marIcikA se nikala hI nahIM pAtA hai| zAstroM ne dyUta krIr3A ko tyAjya kahA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM caupar3a yA zataraMja ke rUpa meM bhI juA khelane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai- 'aTThAe na sikkhejjA / ' kAraNa batAyA gayA hai ki hArA huA dugunA khelatA hai| eka aMgreja vicAraka ne juA ko lobha kA baccA aura phijUlakharcI kI mA~bApa batAyA hai ('gembaliMga ija di cAilDa oNva evarisa, baTa di perenTa oNva proDIgeliTI') / Aja ke jamAne meM juA ke kaI rUpa nikala Ae haiM-saTTA, phIcara, laoNTarI, maTakA, resa Adi aura maica phiksa karake krikeTa ke mAdhyama se bhI juA khelA jAne lagA hai| hakIkata meM juArI ko paise kA lene dena cAhie cAhe mAmalA koI bhI ho / eka juArI juA khelane taka hI nahIM rukatA kyoMki binA mehanata milane vAlA dhana cupa nahIM rahatA- jaise rAste se AtA hai, vaise hI rAstoM se gaTara ke pAnI kI taraha baha jAtA hai| juA ho yA koI dUsarA vyasana, vyakti ke jIvana meM ghusa kara tabhI phailatA hai jaba vyakti caritrahIna ho jAtA hai| 309

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310 2. mAMsAhAra - mAMsAhAra kA vyasana prakRti ke viruddha hai| kAraNa, mAMsabhakSI pazuoM ke zarIra kI racanA se mAnava zarIra kI racanA ekadama bhinna hotI hai| Aja ke zarIra zAstriyoM kA bhI mata hai ki mAMsabhakSaNa mAnava ke lie pUrNataH anupayukta hai| yaha anupayuktatA doharI hai| mAMsAhArI kA svayaM kA zarIra vyAdhigrasta hotA hai to una prANiyoM kA to hanana hI ho jAtA hai jinheM mAMsa ke lie mArA jAtA hai| jIvoM kI hiMsA se hI mAMsa upalabdha hotA hai| hiMsA se pApa karmoM kA baMdha hotA hai aura yaha karmabaMdha bhAvI jIvana kA bhI nAza kara detA hai| AcArya hemacandra kA abhimata hai ki paMgu yA vikalAMga honA, kuSTha jaise ghAtaka rogoM se grasta bananA athavA lUlA laMgar3Apana Adi pAnA hiMsAjanya karmoM kA hI kuphala hotA hai / 'mAM' tathA 'sa' akSaroM ko alaga likhakara artha nikAleM to vaha yahI hotA hai ki jisako maiM khA rahA hU~, vaha mujhe khaaegaa| kucha loga yaha kutarka dete haiM ki mAMsAhAra se pApa nahIM lagatA, kyoMki hama khuda pazuoM ko nahIM mArate haiM, hama to mAMsa bAjAra se kharIda kara lAte haiN| kintu yaha mAtra bhrama hai| yadi mAMsAhArI nahIM hoM to mUka prANiyoM kA vadha hI kyoM kiyA jAegA? mAMsAhArI isa tarka kA uttara nahIM de sakegA ki yadi tuma kisI ko jIvana de nahIM sakate ho to tumheM kisI kA jIvana lene kA kyA adhikAra hai? yaha tarka mAMsAhArI ko aparAdhabodha karA sakatA hai| mAMsAhAra ko mAnate to sabhI apavitra haiM tabhI to mAMsa khAne vAle bhI apane dharmasthAnoM meM mAMsa kA upayoga nahIM krte| mAMsAhAra sarvathA hAnikAraka hai| vaijJAnika mAnate haiM ki mAMsAhAra meM kailziyama aura kArbohAiDreTsa ke nahIM hone se mAMsAhArI cir3acir3e, krodhI, nirAzAvAdI, adhIra aura asahiSNu ho jAte haiN| unakA snAyutaMtra durbala ho jAtA hai 1 3. madyapAna - madya meM ve sabhI peya zAmila haiM jinameM mAdakatA hotI hai, jo viveka buddhi ko bhramita yA naSTa karate haiM tathA kartavyoM para pardA DAla dete haiM- 'buddhiM lumpati yad dravyaM madakAri taducyateM / ' madirA yA zarAba nazA lAtI hai, cetanA ko bebhAna banAtI hai| nazA lAne vAle anya padArtha haiM- bhAMga, gAMjA, carasa, aphIma, curUTa, sigareTa, bIr3I, tambAbU, brAUna zugara, mAdaka Dragja, tADI, vhiskI, brAMDI, jina, rama, biyara Adi dezI-videzI brAMDa kI madirAe~ / madyapAna aisA tIra hai jo eka bAra laga jAtA hai to nikAle nahIM nikltaa| eka ghUMTa se zurU hone vAlA zarAbI kisI hada para jAkara rUkegA- aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai| botaloM para botaleM pI jAne vAlA zarAbI bhI kabhI tRpta nahIM hotA / atRpti kA dUsarA nAma hI to zarAba / sahI najarie se dekheM to kataI pIne lAyaka nhiiN| zarkarAyukta padArtha jaise aMgUra, mahuA, jau, gehUM, makkA, gur3a Adi vastuoM ko burI taraha sar3A kara zarAba banAI hai| yaha sar3I huI zarAba kyA peya bhI mAnI jA sakatI hai? zarAba to eka taraha se sar3A huA pAnI hai, jo kisI bhI rUpa se TaoNnika yA poSaka nahIM hai, balki hara taraha se zoSaka hai| eka vaijJAnika kA mata hai ki mAnava ke rakta kI hajAra bUMdoM meM yadi zarAba kI kevala do bUMde milA dI jAe to usa mAnava kI bolI baMda ho jAtI hai| zarAbI kI bolI aura cAla ko lar3akhar3Ate hue dekhA jAtA hai| jo madirAlaya jAne lagatA hai, vaha dhana aura mana donoM se divAliyA ho jAtA hai, so madirAlaya ko divAliyA baiMka kaha sakate haiN| isa divAliyA baiMka meM manuSya kA dhana aura samaya hI nahIM, caritra to pUrI taraha naSTa ho jAtA hai| madirA uttejaka hotI hai aura madirApAna karane vAle ko pAgala banA detI hai

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durvyasanoM kI bAr3ha bahA detI hai caritra nirmANa kI phaladAyI phasala ko usake sAre kAma-haMsanA, bolanA, gAnA vagairaha pAgaloM kI taraha hote haiN| usakI buddhi bhraSTa ho jAtI hai| madirA meM ATha durguNa samAe hote haiM-1. mastI, 2. pAgalapana, 3. kalaha, 4. dhRSTatA, 5. buddhi viveka kA nAza, 6. saccAI va yogyatA kA lopa,7.khuzI kA nAza aura 8. naraka kA mArga khulaa| surApAna ko sabhI dharmoM meM tyAjya kahA gayA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-madirA na pIo, mahAtmA buddha ne kahA'majjaMna pAyabba', hajarata muhammada ne kahA-allAha ne zarAba para, zarAba pIne vAloM para, pilAne vAle aura pIne-pilAne meM madada dene vAloM para lAnata pharamAI hai| gAMdhI jI ne zarAbabaMdI ke kAryakrama ko prAthamikatA dii| sabane madirApAna ko mahApApa kahA hai| 4. vezyAgamana - vezyAgamana usa viSaile sarpa ke samAna hotA hai, jo camakadAra dikhatA hai magara hotA khataranAka hai| vezyA ke hAvabhAva bhare kaTAkSa meM vahI vyakti phaMsatA hai va usa machalI kI taraha ho jAtA hai jo jarA sI miThAsa meM par3akara kATe meM phaMsa jAtI hai| yaha vezyAgamana madirApAna kI taraha hI ghAtaka durvyasana hai| yaha mohajAla meM ulajhA kara naSTa kara DAlane ke phaMde jaisA hai| vezyA ko usa jalatI huI agnizikhA kI upamA dI gaI hai, jisa para kAmAsakta vyakti pataMgoM ke samAna apane jIvana ke sarvasva ko jhoMka detA hai aura svayaM ko bhasma kara DAlatA hai| vezyA pataMgoM ko jalAtI hai, lekina khuda bhI jalane se kahA~ bacatI hai? yaha kaheM ki vaha pahale jalakara hI dUsaroM ko jalA pAtI hai| vezyAvRtti hI aisI patita vRtti hai jo barabAdI ke alAvA kisI ko kucha detI hI nahIM hai| yaha vRtti mAnavatA kA abhizApa hai, samAja ke mAthe para kalaMTI TIkA hai| vezyA strI hokara bhI nirjIva mazIna kI taraha hotI hai, jo apane zarIra ko becakara dhaMdhA karatI hai-apanI roTI kamAtI hai| kitanI dayanIya dazA hai? sarasvatI, lakSmI, durgA kahI jAne vAlI nArI ko aisI durdazAgrasta banAne vAle nara kI. kuTilatA ko bhI kama karake nahIM AMkanA caahie| vezyAvRtti puruSa pradhAna samAja kI gaMdI morI hai jise haTAe binA samagra vAtAvaraNa ko svaccha evaM svastha nahIM banAyA jA sakatA hai| nara aura nArI rUpI samAna cakroM ke binA samAja kA ratha samagati se nahIM cala sakatA hai| kintu Aja isa vRtti kA vikarAla rUpa yaha sunA jAtA hai ki vezyAvRtti apane aDDoM se phaila kara gharoM kI caukhaToM taka meM ghusa gaI hai| aisA kadAcAra aura durAcAra vyakti aura usake samAja ko caritrahInatA kI kisa nIcatA taka le jAegA-kahanA kaThina hai| paise ke lie zarIra kA vyApAra karanA par3e-yaha atyaMta ghRNita sthiti hai| 5.zikAra - zikAra kisI bhI prakAra se manoraMjana kA sAdhana nahIM, balki mAnava kI krUratA aura jaMgalIpana kI nizAnI hai| apanI zakti se jAnavaroM kA zikAra karake jo apanI vIratA dikhAne kI ceSTA karatA hai, vaha usakI vIratA nahIM, kevala kAyaratA hai| mUka pazuoM ko mAranA aura unake prANoM ke sAtha khilavAr3a karanA yaha zikArI kI mAtra hRdayahInatA hai| jaina zAstroM meM zikAra ko 'pAparthi' kahA hai, jisakA artha hai ki pApa kI Rddhi kamAne kA ku kaary| zikAra kA vyasana anekoM ke jIvana ko kaSTamaya banAtA hai| vaha eka pazu kA hI vadha nahIM karatA, balki svayaM kI vIratA ke ahaMkAra meM prANiyoM kA lagAtAra hanana karatA rahatA hai tathA zera, cIte Adi ke mRta mastakoM ko dIvAroM para sajA kara apanI vIratA kA jhUThA pradarzana karatA hai| AcArya vasunandI kA abhimata hai ki madhu, madya, mAMsa kA dIrghakAla taka sevana karane vAlA utane mahApApa kA saMcaya nahIM karatA, jitane mahApApoM kA baMdha 311

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sucaritram zikArI eka bAra ke zikAra meM hI saMcita kara letA hai, kyoMki vaha apanI vilAsitA, rasalolupatA, dhArmika aMdhavizvAsa, manoraMjana va zaukInI meM niraparAdha pazuoM kA ghAtaka banatA hai| zikAra karate samaya kaI bAra khuda zikArI kI bhI durdazA ho jAtI hai ki yAki use mRtyu mukha taka meM cale jAnA par3atA hai| Aja kI phaizanaparastI yA ki lAbha lipsA ke lie bhI pazuoM ke zikAra kI vRtti krUra banI hai| hAthI ke dAMta ke lie, bAghoM kI haDDiyoM ke lie yA hiraNoM kA komala carma ke lie to zikAra hote hI haiM, parantu Aja kI zrRMgAra sAmagrI ke lie cir3iyA, kharagoza, jhiMgura, bher3a Adi mUka prANiyoM kA khUna bhI bahAyA jAtA hai| zikAra bhayaMkara pApa kA kAraNa hai tathA eka duScaritra vyakti hI aisI krUratA meM apanI prasannatA khojatA hai| anya prANiyoM ke prANoM kA apaharaNa karake jo khuzI baToratA hai, use hakIkata meM khuzI kabhI nahIM milatI hai| 6.corI - jaise kaccA pArA khAne para zarIra se phUTa nikalatA hai, vaise hI corI ko vyasana banAkara jo dUsaroM ke dhana kA haraNa karatA hai, vaha corI kA dhana usake pAsa kabhI TikatA nahIM hai| cora apane aura apane parivAra ke jIvana ko hamezA jokhimabharA banAe rakhatA hai| jo parizrama aura nIti se dUra bhAgate haiM, ve hI corI ke vyasana ko apanAte haiN| corI kyA hai? jo adatta hai, vaha corI hai| corI kA vyasana dhIre-dhIre panapatA hai| pahalI bAra koI AMkha carA kara choTI vasta carAtA hai aura ghara para lAkara apanI mAM ko detA hai| taba muphta meM vastu ke milane se mA~ khuza ho jAtI hai| corI taba Adata bana jAtI hai aura eka dina corI ke bhArI aparAdha meM jaba use phAMsI kI sajA hotI hai taba usa mA~ ko patA calatA hai ki corI kI Adata banAne kA kitanA ghAtaka pariNAma hotA hai| corI kI Adata banane kA mUla kAraNa lobha hotA hai| zarAba kI taraha lobha kI lAlasA bar3hatI jAtI hai aura corI kA vyasana ghAtaka banatA jAtA hai| juA ke samAna corI bhI vyakti ko zramahIna, puruSArthahIna tathA caritrahIna banAtI hai| prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra meM caurya karma ke tIsa nAma ginAte hue use anArya karma kahA hai| mAlika kI anupasthiti meM yA upasthiti meM AMkha bacAkara vastu le lenA bhI corI hI hai| bAkI seMdha lagAkara, jeba kATakara, tAlA Adi tor3akara dUsaroM kI dhana sampatti kA apaharaNa karanA to corI kA aparAdha hai hii| vaise par3A huA, bhUlA huA, khoyA huA kahIM para gupta rUpa se rakhA huA dhana Adi le lenA bhI corI meM hI zAmila hai| corI ke chaH prakAra batAe gae haiM-1. channa corI-AMkha bacAkara lenA, 2. najara corI-dekhate hI dekhate curA lenA, 3. Thaga corI-vyakti ke sAmane Thaga kara vastu le lenA, 4. udghATaka corI-gAMTha, tAlA, tijorI Adi khela kara curAnA, 5. balAt corI-bhaya dikhAkara lUTa lenA aura 6. ghAtaka corI-hatyA karake sabakucha curA lenaa| ___ isa jamAne meM aisI coriyA~ bhI hotI haiM, jina para saphedapozI kA lebala lagAne se bina pakar3I rahatI haiN| vyavasAyI zrama kA zoSaNa karatA hai yA ki vyApArI vastuoM kI milAvaTa karake becatA hai, vaha bhI corI hI hai| corI vyasana ke vazIbhUta hokara bhI kI jAtI hai to saphedapoza coriyA~ muphta kA dhana lUTane kI nIyata se bhI hotI haiN| dUsaroM ke dravya para Asakti to corI kA mUla kAraNa hai hI, lekina kucha ye kAraNa bhI kisI ko cora banAne ke jimmedAra hote haiM-bekArI, garIbI, phijUlakharcI, kusvabhAva yA galata saMskAra, arAjakatA aadi| 312

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durvyasanoM kI bAr3ha bahA detI hai caritra nirmANa kI phaladAyI phasala ko 7. parastrI ( para puruSa) gamana kAmavAsanA prabala to hotI hI hai, lekina kabhI itanI pracaMDa bana jAtI hai ki vyakti maryAdA kI sImA lAMgha jAtA hai| pariNAma svarUpa vaha vezyAgamana karatA hai yA apane pApa ko chipAne ke lie parastrI kA sevana karatA hai yA ki strI parapuruSa kA sevana karatI hai / isase bhoga kI duSpravRtti bar3hatI hI hai aura vikRti samAja meM vistAra pAtI hai| madonmatta hAthI ko vaza meM karane yA siMha se khule hAtha lar3ane vAle bhI kAmadeva se saMgharSa nahIM kara pAte haiN| isI dRSTi se zrAvaka kI kAmavAsanA maryAdita banAI gaI hai ki vaha sva strI meM saMtoSa kre| parastrI sevana isa maryAdA kA ullaMghana hai aura zrAvaka ke lie akaraNIya hai| kAmavAsanA kA niyaMtraNa samAja vyavasthA ke lie bhI Avazyaka hai| vivAha kI paripATI isI sAmAjika suvyavasthA kA pratIka hai aura akAraNa isa paripATI kA ullaMghana aparAdha se kama nahIM hai| strI zabda meM parityaktA, vyabhicAriNI, vezyA, dAsI, rakhaila Adi zAmila haiN| inake sAtha bhoga karanA parastrIgamana kA vyasana hai| yaha avaidha pApAcAra hai| Aja jo aparAdhI vyakti lar3akiyoM kI kharIda-pharokhta, taskarI yA dhaMdhebAjI karate haiM, ve bhI pApAcArI haiN| maryAdA kI dRSTi se hI svayaM kI patnI kA nAmakaraNa dharmapatnI kiyA gayA hai, ataH isa maryAdA kA ullaMghana karane vAlA isa vyasana kA doSI | parastrIgAmI sadA avizvasanIya hotA hai / samAjazAstrI isa vyasana ke ye kAraNa batAte haiM- kSaNika Aveza, ajJAna, burI saMgata, patha bhraSTatA, kAmuka sAhitya paThana, dhanamada, aMdhavizvAsa, azlIla calacitra, anamela vivAha, nazIle padArthoM kA sevana Adi / jaina sAdhanA paddhati meM vyasanamukti ke abhAva meM caritra kA nirmANa bhI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai - caritra vikAsa kI bAta dUra hI rahatI hai| vyasanI vyakti meM sadguNoM kA praveza hI saMbhava nahIM hotA hai aura sadguNoM kA dharAtala na mile to caritra niSThA kA TikAva hI nahIM hotA hai| durvyasanoM ke anya prakAra tathA Aja ke jamAne ke vyasana : Aja ke jamAne meM pazcima kI apasaMskRti tathA phaizanaparastI ke nAma para durvyasanoM kI naI naI bAnagiyA~ sAmane A rahI haiN| yaha kaha sakate haiM ki inakI saMkhyA sAta yA aTThAraha hI nahIM hai, balki anaginata vyasanoM kI bAr3ha sI A gaI hai| prAcInakAla meM jainAcAryoM ne jina sAta durvyasanoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, unake sivAya vaidika graMthoM meM vyasanoM kI saMkhyA aTThAraha batAI gaI hai| inameM se dasa vyasana kAmaja (kAma se utpanna hone vAle) kahe gae haiM tathA zeSa ATha krodhaja (krodha se utpanna hone vAle ) batAe gae haiN| kAma vyasana haiM- 1. mRgayA (zikAra), 2. akSa (juA), 3. dina kA zayana, 4. paranindA, 5. parastrI sevana, 6. mada, 7. nRtya sabhA, 8. gIta sabhA, 9. vAdya kI mahaphila tathA 10. vyartha bhaTakanA / isI prakAra krodhaja vyasana haiM- 1. cugalI khAnA, 2. dussAhasa karanA, 3. droha karanA, 4. IrSyA, 5. asUyA, 6. artha doSa, 7. vANI se daMDa evaM 8. kaThora vacana / AdhunikatA kA bAnA or3hakara kaI vyasanoM kI bAr3ha meM unake nAma anagina haiN| moTe taura para unheM ginAveM to ve haiM - azlIla calacitra, kAmottejaka sAhitya Adi, romAMTika aura jAsUsI pustakeM, sigareTa, curuTa se Upara moraphiyA, brAUna zUgara Adi nazIlI davAe~ tathA ijekzana / deha aura vezabhUSA ko suMdara banAne vAle sAdhanoM ke upayoga meM mahilAoM kI hI hor3a nahIM hai, puruSa bhI sAtha-sAtha bhAga rahe haiN| mukhya rUpa se yuvA pIr3hI isa deha - bhUSA sauMdarya kI daur3a meM sabase Age hai| nae vyasanoM kI 313

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sucaritram bAnagiyA~ haiM-bhAMti-bhAMti ke sauMdarya prasAdhanoM kA prayoga-upayoga, pahanane-or3hane kI vicitra DijAineM, philmoM ke dviarthI saMvAda, kAmuka nRtya aadi| jue ke bhI nae-nae rUpa A rahe haiM, jinake jarie sAre kAnUnoM ke bAvajUda karor3oM ke vAre-nyAre hote rahate haiN| zarAba kA pracalana behada bar3ha rahA hai jo strI jAti tathA kizoravaya ke lar3ake, lar3akiyoM meM bhI phaila rahA hai| aMDoM ko zAkAhAra batA kara zAkAhArI bhI dhar3alle se una kA upabhoga kara rahe haiN| corI ke nae tarIke rizvata, kamIzana, giphTa Adi ke rUpa meM aise nikale haiM ki lene-dene vAle zarmasAra bhI nahIM hote| ye samAja ke mahAroga bana gae haiN| phaizanaparastI aura vyasanoM kA sAtha colI dAmana kA ho gayA hai| yuvA varga meM dekheM to sAdA jIvana, ucca vicAra kA Adarza to jaise sarvathA lupta hI ho gayA hai| jIvana vyasana jaisA ho gayA hai| adha:patana cAritrika adhaHpatana kI ora le jAtI hai durvyasanoM kI rAheM : __jIvana vikAsa tathA caritra nirmANa kI do dizAeM haiM-U~cI yA nIcI arthAt unnayana kI dizA athavA adhaHpatana kI dizA, jabaki jIvana aura caritra kA eka hI lakSya hotA hai ki unnati karate jAnA, Upara se Upara car3hate jaanaa| yahI unnayana eka dina carama bindu para pahu~ca kara muktAvasthA meM sthira aura sthita ho jAtA hai| unnayana sukha prApti kI dizA hai to adha:patana dukhadAyinI dishaa| jitane bhI durvyasana haiM, ve saba vyakti kI cAritrika durbalatA se panapate haiM aura ve jaba jIvana ke sAtha jaTilatA se baMdha jAte haiM to adha:patana kI ora hI vyakti ko le jAte haiN| durvyasanoM ke rUpa-aparUpa ko samajha kara Akalana yaha kiyA jAnA cAhie ki kauna-kaunase durvyasana vyakti ko kisa prakAra adha:patana ke daladala meM phaMsAte haiM aura usa daladala se nikalane ke lie jaba vyakti kI cetanA punarjAgRta ho jAe to kitane va kaise puruSArtha kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| yaha eka prAkRtika satya hai ki vyakti apanA bhAna bhUlakara nIce giratA bhI hai, behoza bhI ho jAtA hai, lekina vaisI sthiti sadAkAla nahIM rahatI hai| usakI soI cetanA phira se jAgatI hai, apanI durdazA ko dekhatI-samajhatI hai aura phira se Upara uThane kA-unnati karane kA satpuruSArtha prAraMbha karatI hai, kyoMki manuSya prANI jagat kA eka bhAvapradhAna tathA ati sacetana sadasya hai aura vaha ciMtana, manana, viveka, buddhi Adi sadguNoM kA dhanI hai| sacetana hote hI anya prANiyoM ke sAtha apane vyasanagata vyavahAra para vaha pachatAtA hai aura use phira se sadaya evaM sama banAne ke lie usakI sArI zaktiyA~ tathA vizeSatAe~ sakriya ho jAtI hai| abhI hama usakI unhIM zaktiyoM evaM vizeSatAoM ke vyasanagata duSprabhAva para vicAra kara rahe haiM ki kaise ve niSkriya evaM suzupta bana jAtI haiN| moTe taura para koI bhI durvyasana aisA mada hotA hai, jo vyakti kI cetanA ko dhIre-dhIre niSprabhAvI banA detA hai tathA vyakti kI sArI vRttiyA~ tathA pravRttiyA~ durvyasanoM ke DaMDe se hI hAMkI jAne lagatI haiN| vyakti bebasa ho jAtA hai| isa saMdarbha meM mada yA madirA ke ina doSoM ko samajha lenA caahie| AcArya haribhadra ne ina solaha doSoM kA vivecana kiyA hai-1. zarIra kA vidrUpa honA, 2. zarIra kA vividha rogoM kA Azraya sthala bana 314

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durvyasanoM kI bAr3ha bahA detI hai caritra nirmANa kI phaladAyI phasala ko jAnA, 3. parivAra se tiraskRta honA, 4. samaya para kArya karane kI kSamatA kA na rahanA, 5. antarmAnasa kA dveSa se bhara jAnA, 6. jJAnataMtuoM kA dhuMdhalA ho jAnA, 7. smRti kA lopa ho jAnA, 8. mati bhraSTa ho jAnA, 9. sajjanoM ke sAtha samparka samApta ho jAnA, 10. vANI meM kaThoratA AnA, 11. nIca kulotpanna vyaktiyoM ke sAtha samparka kA gaharA ho jAnA, 12. kulahInatA ke lakSaNa panapanA, 13. zaktiyoM kA hrAsa honA, 14. dharma, 15. artha aura 16. kAma-tInoM kA nAza hotA hai| ye doSa isa prakAra vyasanI vyakti ko adhaHpatana kI ora hI dhakelate haiN| ___mahAkavi kAlIdAsa ne eka madirA becane vAle se pUchA-tumhAre pAtra meM kyA hai? madirA becane vAlA bhI dArzanika tabiyata kA vyakti thA, so dArzanika zabdAvalI meM hI bolA-mere prastuta pAtra meM aura kucha nahIM, kevala durguNa hI durguNa haiM jo tarala dazA meM hai ki jo bhI pie usake bhItara ve praveza kara jaaeN| saca hai ki jitane bhI durguNa haiM, ve sabhI mada ke sAtha ho jAte haiN| jahA~ durguNoM kI cAMDAla caukar3I jamatI hai, vahAM adha:patana ke sivAya anya kaunasI dazA prApta hogI? mahAtmA gAMdhI kA kathana hai-maiM madirApAna ko taskarakRtya aura vaizyAvRtti se bhI adhika nindanIya mAnatA hU~, kyoMki ina donoM kukRtyoM ko paidA karane vAlA madyapAna hI hai| AcArya manu ne madirA ko anna kA mala kahA hai| mala ko pApa bhI kahA hai| mala mUtra jaise abhakSya padArtha haiM, vaise hI madirA bhI hai| surA pAna pratyeka dRSTi se nindanIya hai kyoMki surA sura ko bhI asura banA detI hai to manuSya kI bisAta hI kyA? madirA pAna se sAmAjika jIvana bhI asta-vyasta ho jAtA hai| . ___ cAritrika adha:patana kA AraMbha isI madonmattatA yA ki madirA pAna se hotA hai| aisA koI durguNa yA aparAdha nahIM hai, jo madirA pAna se utpanna na hotA ho| isa Adhunika yuga meM jaba sabhya kahalAne vAle vyakti madirApAna karate haiM taba unakI sArI sabhyatA chUmantara ho jAtI hai aura ve pAgala bana kara eka dUsare ke sAtha amAnavIya vyavahAra karate hue dekhe jAte haiN| aisA koI vyakti ho jo kisI bhI / paristhiti meM dharma se vimukha nahIM ho sakatA, karttavya se cyuta nahIM ho sakatA yA ki nIti kA parityAga nahIM kara sakatA, use bhI yadi madirA pilA dI jAe to vaha dharma, kartavya, nIti saba ko bhulA degaa| aisA koI akArya nahIM jise madirA pIne vAlA na kara ske| eka zabda meM kaheM to cAritrika adhaHpatana kI mA~ yaha madirA hai aura sAre vyasana usI ke cele capATe haiN| durvyasanoM kA pallA pakar3A ki jIvana kaSToM meM jakar3A: . ___koI bhI durvyasana kisI ke jIvana meM isa taraha praveza karatA hai ki usake ghusa Ane kI AhaTa taka nahIM hotii| samajheM ki eka nirvyasana yuvaka apane eka mitra ke yahA~ gyaa| vahA~ mitra maMDalI baiThI huI thI aura vinoda kI bAteM cala rahI thii| usa maMDalI meM eka vyakti aisA thA jo Dragja, (nazIlI pur3iyA) letA thaa| bAtoM hI bAtoM meM usane eka pur3iyA nirvyasana yuvaka ko khilA dii| pahalI khurAka thI, use acchI lagI-jaise mana meM khuzI kI lahareM uTha rahI hoM aura sArA zarIra havA meM ur3a rahA ho| eka ajIba-sA anubhava thaa| phira to vaha pur3iyA vAlA vyakti saba samajha gyaa| usane nirvyasana vyakti ke caritra para anajAne meM hamale zurU kara die| thor3e hI samaya meM usane use usa sTeja taka pahu~cA diyA, jaba samaya para pur3iyA na mile to jaise usa kI naseM tar3akane lagatI aura vaha becaina ho 315

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sucaritram jaataa| vaha Dragja kA AdI ho gyaa| nazA lenA usakI Adata bana gaI, aisI Adata jo roke bhI rukatI nahIM thii| nirvyasanI pakkA vyasanI ho gyaa| yaha eka trAsadI se kama nahIM ki jisane kisI bhI durvyasana kA pallA pakar3A to tayazudA hai ki usakA jIvana kaSToM meM jkdd'aa| -- hakIkata meM koI bhI Adata kisI vyasana kA rUpa tabhI letI hai, jaba vyakti usa meM AkaMTha DUba jAtA hai-lipta ho jAtA hai| liptatA aisI gaharI ki usa vyasana kI khurAka pAe binA tIvra becainI khatma nahIM hotii| aisI dazA durdazA bana jAtI hai| vaha aisI bhayaMkara ho jAtI hai ki vyasanI ko parivAra yA samAja kI lAja to lagatI hI nahIM, lekina apane tana-mana kA vinAza bhI use samajha meM nahIM aataa| usakA utsAha DUba jAtA hai, sAhasa samApta ho jAtA hai aura Atma-vizvAsa asta ho jAtA hai| hatAza hokara vaha sukha ke lie saba ora ghUmatA hai, kintu sukha use kahIM milatA nhiiN| AkhirakAra vaha apane vyasana meM hI DUba kara saba kucha bhulA denA cAhatA hai| dhIre-dhIre usakA saba kucha naSTa ho jAtA hai aura taba usake adha:patana ko koI roka nahIM pAtA, vaha svayaM to bejAna patthara kI taraha ghATI kI DhalAna para nIce se nIce lur3hakatA hI calA jAtA hai| usake jIvanAnta kA kucha aisA hI dAruNa dRzya banatA hai| jaMba taka usake mana-mAnasa para koI teja jhaTakA na lage, usake punarcetana kI AzA kSINa hI hotI hai| aisI kisI mArmika AghAta ke bAda hI usakA hRdaya yadi AMdolita hotA hai to vaha soca pAtA hai ki koI bhI vyasana heya evaM tyAjya isI kAraNa kahA jAtA hai ki usase zArIrika, mAnasika, pArivArika, sAmAjika, rASTrIya yA aMtarrASTrIya hAni hI hotI hai-sirpha hAniyA~ aura hAniyA~, kisI bhI taraha ke lAbha kA to lezamAtra bhI nhiiN| jue se dhana kA nAza aura mAnasika ciMtA-mAMsAhAra aura madyapAna se sabhI sadagaNoM kA nAza evaM koI vyasana aisA nahIM jisase ghora anaitikatA na upajatI ho| sakhI aura zAMta jIvana to jaise AkAza kasama ho jAtA hai| taba se sAtvikatA kA mola mAlama hotA hai, zAMti kI kAmanA jAgatI hai aura pratiSThA kA khyAla AtA hai| usI bindu se vaha jAgatA hai, vyasanoM kI jakar3a ko tor3atA hai aura teja va tAkatavara kadamoM se Upara car3hane kA krama banAtA hai| vi+asana = vikRta AhAra karAtA vyAdhiyoM meM vihAra : __ vyasana (vi+asana) kA dUsarA nAma hI vikRta AhAra hai| kahA hai ki AhAra bigar3atA hai to vihAra bigar3atA hai tathA AhAra-vihAra bigar3A to samajheM ki isa jIvana kA saba kucha 'acchA' bigar3a jAtA hai| vikRta AhAra meM mAMsAhAra sabase Upara AtA hai| yaha jo dhAraNA hai ki mAMsAhAra adhika UrjAprada tathA pauSTika hotA hai, nire bhrama ke alAvA kucha bhI nhiiN| 'mAMsAhAraH sau tathya' ke nAma se DaoN. nemIcaMda dvArA likhita eka pustikA prakAzita huI hai, jisa meM sau tathya ke rUpa meM mAMsAhAra kI stAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| usameM ullikhita kucha pramukha tathyoM ko yahA~ isa uddezya se de rahe haiM ki mAMsAhAra kI asaliyata sAmane Ave aura zAkAhAra ke prati pratibaddhatA kA adhikatama vistAra ho ske| kucha tathya isa prakAra haiM : 316

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durvyasanoM kI bAr3ha bahA detI hai caritra nirmANa kI phaladAyI phasala ko 1.vyAdhiyoM kI utpatti - mAMsAhAra se lakavA, patharI, kaiMsara, alsara, DAyabiTIja, gAlableDara, sTona, hRdaya roga, ucca raktacApa, moTApA, damA jaise ghAtaka roga hote haiM tathA isa AhAra ke sAtha jalAbhAva kI samasyA lagI rahatI hai| mAMsa meM kArbohAiDreTsa nahIM hote aura isa kAraNa AMtoM kI taraha-taraha kI bImAriyA~ paidA hotI haiN| isameM viTAmina 'sI' bhI nahIM hotA, jisase eMTI-Toksina kA rasAyana nahIM bana paataa| isase zarIra taraha-taraha ke viSaile tattvoM ke asara meM AtA rahatA hai| mAMsa meM kolesTrola kI mAtrA jyAdA hotI hai jo hRdaya roga, carmaroga, patharI Adi ko ubhAratI hai| mAMsa meM proTIna kA atireka hotA hai jisakI vajaha se asthiyoM kA bikharAva (oNsTioporosisa) kA roga ghera letA hai| kAraNa, adhika proTIna se kailziyama kI hAni hotI hai| mAMsAhAra se hone vAle rogoM kA vivaraNa bahuta vistRta hai| 2. pazuoM aura upajAU bhUmi kA vinAza - mAMsAhAra ke kAraNa pazuoM kA lagAtAra vinAza hotA rahatA hai tathA isase upajAU jamIna bhI baMjara hotI rahatI hai| pazu saMvardhana ke abhAva meM duniyA bhara kI jamIna kI 85 pratizata UparI sataha naSTa ho gaI hai| vAziMgaTana sthita saMsthA 'varlDavAca iMsTITyUTa' ne cetAvanI dI hai ki yadi mAMsAhAra tejI se nahIM ghaTAyA gayA to vizva ko bahuta bar3e saMkaTa kA sAmanA karanA pdd'egaa| 3. mAMsAhAra meM kailoriyoM kI kamI - vijJAna kA niSkarSa hai ki 100 grAma mAMsa meM adhikatama 194 kailoriyA~ hI milatI haiM, jabaki 100 grAma gehU~ ke ATe meM 353, tUara dAla meM 353, soyAbIna meM 432, mUMgaphalI meM 564 tathA nAriyala meM 444 kailoriyA~ milatI haiN| 4. haDDiyoM kI kSati kA aMtara - zAkAhArI puruSa va strI meM jahA~ haDDiyoM kI kSati 3 va 18 pratizata hotI hai, vahIM mAMsAhArI meM kramaza: yaha 7 va 35 pratizata pAI jAtI hai| sAmiSabhojI strI 65 varSa kI Ayu taka apanI haDDiyoM kA eka tihAI bhAga kho detI hai, jabaki zAkAhArI kI haDDiyA~ kSatigrasta hotI hai to jaldI juDa bhI jAtI hai| 5.bUcar3akhAne meM pazu kA mAMsa jaharIlA ho jAtA hai - pazuoM ko bUcar3akhAne kI sthiti kA jaba AbhAsa hotA hai to bhISaNa krodhAveza meM ve mAre jAte haiM aura isa taraha unakA mAMsa jaharIlA ho jAtA hai| usa mAMsa ko khAne se mAMsAhArI kI aiMThana, sannipAta, mirgI aura Akasmika mRtyu jaisI sthiti hotI hai| vizva svAsthya saMgaThana ke buleTina saM. 637 ke anusAra manuSya ke zarIra meM lagabhaga 160 roga mAMsa khAne se hote haiN| cAra bar3I bImAriyA~ hotI haiM-DAyarekTa junosisa, sAiklojunosisa, meTAjunosisa tathA seprojuunosis| inase plega, lIvara, phlU Adi bImAriyA~ hotI haiN| 6. ahiMsaka saMskRti se koI tAlamela nahIM - bhArata kI ahiMsaka saMskRti ke sAtha to mAMsAhAra kA koI tAlamela nahIM hai| jahA~ jIva rakSA kA bhAva sarvopari hai, vahA~ prANaharaNa evaM mAMsabhakSaNa ko tyAjya dRSTi se hI dekhA jAtA hai| bhArata ke sabhI mahApuruSa zuddha zAkAhArI rahe haiM tathA zAkAhAra kI zreSThatA hI unhoMne udghoSita kI hai| AhAra ke yahA~ tIna prakAra kahe gae haiM-1. sAtvika, 2. rAjasika, 3. tAmasika aura tAmasika AhAra yoga va AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM bAdhaka mAnA gayA hai| 317

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sucaritram . 7. AhAra kI viSAktatA kA kAraNa - AhAra kI viSAktatA (phUDapAijaniMga) kI 70 pratizata ghaTanAoM kA jimmedAra mAMsAhAra hai| phrojana cikana kA viSAkta asara hotA hai aura barDa phlU phailatA hai| phrija meM mAMsa ke padArtha rakhane se saMdUSaNa kA khatarA bar3hatA hai| vikhyAta vaijJAnika DaoN. thaoNmpasana kA kahanA hai ki zarIra vijJAna ke anusAra manuSya ko zAkAhArI hI honA caahie| yaha vijJAna sammata niSkarSa hai ki aMDA mAMsAhAra hai : / aMDA mAMsAhAra hai-aba yaha vijJAna sammata niSkarSa nikAlA jA cukA hai| aba aMDe ko zAkAhAra batAne kI bAta galata sAbita ho cukI hai| aMDe kA janana bimba jIva yukta hotA hai aura aMDo cAhe pharTilAijDa ho yA inpharTAila-usameM jIvanAMza hotA hai| zvAsozvAsa jIvana kI nizAnI hai aura jaba bhI yaha avaruddha hotA hai, aMDA sar3a jAtA hai| vaijJAnika tamAma aMDoM meM jIva mAnate haiN| vAstava meM aMDA garbharasa hai, ataH use zAkAhAra meM ginanA-ginAnA bahuta bar3A dhokhA hai| aMDA hakIkata meM poSaNa zUnya hotA hai| use proTIna, khanija yA viTAmina se bharapUra batAnA ekadama galata hai| aMDe kA 30 pratizata hissA jardI, 60 pratizata hissA saphedI aura 10 pratizata hissA khola kA banA hotA hai| zarkarA tattva isameM bilakula nahIM hotA, jo zakti kA strota hai| aMDe meM pratirodhaka zakti dene vAlA viTAmina sI bhI bilakula nahIM hotaa| aMDe ke saMbaMdha meM proTIna, kArbohAiDreTa Adi kI galata dhAraNAe~ phailAI gaI, jo aba spaSTa kara dI gaI haiN| 100 grAma aMDe meM sirpha 137 kailorI USmA hI milatI hai, jabaki 100 grAma mUMgaphalI se 549 kailorI USmA milatI hai| ubalA aMDA to ekadama arthavihIna AhAra bana jAtA hai| sabase Upara dhArmika dRSTikoNa to sadA se spaSTa rahA hai ki aMDA jIvadhArI kI prAraMbhika avasthA ke rUpa meM jIva hai aura yaha mAMsAhAra hI hai| zarAba kitanI kharAba-koI hada nahIM aura nazA bigAr3atA dazA : pracalita pAzcAtya apasaMskRti ke kuprabhAva se madirApAna kA pracalana bahuta bar3hA hai| koI 30 pratizata AbAdI zarAba ke vyasana meM DUbI huI hai| puruSoM ke alAvA strI samAja meM bhI zarAba kA calana bar3hA hai| viDambanA to yaha hai ki kizoravaya ke lar3ake-lar3akiyoM meM cupake-cupake zarAba pIne vAloM kA anupAta bar3hatA jA rahA hai aura usake jarie aparAdhavRtti bhI bar3ha rahI hai| sAtha hI anya nazIle padArthoM jaise brAUna zugara Adi kA upayoga bhI bar3ha rahA hai| isa nazebAjI kA burA asara garbhastha zizuoM para par3atA hai aura usase bAla mRtyu dara bar3hI hai tathA bAla roga phaila rahe haiN| naze kI lata phailane meM ajJAna to mukhya kAraNa hai hI, kintu Aja ke jIvana kI jaTilatA se upajI paristhitiyA~ bhI sahAyaka kAraNa haiN| inameM haiM-AdhunikatA kA Agraha, Uba kA nirAkaraNa, tanAva mukti kI jhUThI AzA, vilAsitA kA dikhAvA, anukaraNa kI pravRtti, sahaja jijJAsA, kusaMgati aadi| U~cI sosAyaTI kI nizAnI nazebAjI banA dI gaI hai| piyakkar3I kI zuruAta isI taraha hotI hai ki eka-do bUMTa pI lene se kyA bigar3atA hai? phira bejAna bana jAne ko mastI kA kAraNa mAna liyA jAtA hai| koI zarAba yA naze kI Adata turanta hI nahIM pakar3a letA hai| eka-do bUMTa pIte-pIte vaha dhIre318

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durvyasanoM kI bAr3ha bahA detI hai caritra nirmANa kI phaladAyI phasala ko dhIre botaloM taka pahu~ca jAtA hai aura zarAba kI pyAsa bar3hatI hI jAtI hai| eka kizora jijJAsAvaza zarAba cakhatA hai aura phira zarAba use jIvana bhara majA cakhAtI rahatI hai| eka-eka kadama khisakate hue hI nazer3I adha:patana ke khaDDe meM giratA hai| naI pIr3hI ke lar3ake-lar3akiyoM ko yaha siddhAMta bahuta lubhAtA hai ki khAo, pIo aura maje karo-'ITa, DriMka eMDa bI merii'| madirApAna kI lata ne Aja mahAmArI kA rUpa le liyA hai aura usase kitane garIba aura grAmINa parivAra ujar3a rahe haiM-vaha eka ciMtAjanaka sthiti hai| yaha adhika ciMtAjanaka hai ki svataMtra bhArata kI apanI sarakAreM bhI rAjasva kamAne ke lobha ke kAraNa zarAba kA calana burI taraha se bar3hA rahI hai| zarAbabaMdI ko lakSya mAnate hue bhI isa ora zAsana ko koI dhyAna nahIM hai| eka kahAvata hai ki pahale jAma meM AdamI zarAba ko pItA hai, dUsare jAma meM zarAba zarAba ko pItI hai kintu tIsare jAma meM zarAba hI AdamI ko pI jAtI hai| Aja adha:patana kI yahI durdazA cAroM ora dikhAI de rahI hai, jise maMda AtmaghAta kI dazA kaha sakate haiN| isase sApha ho jAtA hai ki zarAba itanI kharAba hai jisakI koI hada nahIM aura nazA burI taraha dazA bigAr3a rahA hai| tambAkU ke purAne-nae utpAda kara rahe jindagiyA~ barabAda : __ kahA jAtA hai 'jardA bar3A bedardA', kyoMki jardA sevana mRtyu ke pUrva hI nArakIya yAtanAoM kA dvAra khola detA hai| dhUmrapAna aura jardA sevana to sarva pracalita vyasana ho gayA hai-guTakhA chainI to jaise hareka apane muMha meM DAle zAna dizAtA phiratA hai| kevala guTakhA ke taraha-taraha ke masAlA pAUcoM kA karor3oM kA vyApAra hotA hai| jardA sevana karane vAle logoM kI saMkhyA bahuta tejI se bar3ha rahI hai| zaharoM kI bAta chor3eM, grAmINa kSetroM meM dasa varSa se adhika Ayu ke 75 pratizata bacce 40 pratizata mahilAeM taka yA to dhUmrapAna karatI haiM yA aura guTakhA-jardA cabAtI haiN| dhUmrapAna meM bIr3I kA calana to gAMvagAMva, ghara-ghara meM milegA, bAkI sigareTa kA dhuAM chor3anA phaizana hai aura bar3e kahalAne vAle loga curUTa bhI pIte haiN| dhUmrapAna phephar3oM ko zarAba karatA hai aura TIbI lAtA hai| isase hone vAlI akAla mauteM aneka ghara ujAr3a detI haiN| Azcarya kA tathya yaha hai ki jaba taka koI dasa taka kI ginatI gine utanI sI dera meM deza ke pAMca vyakti jardA-dhUmrapAna ke kAraNa mauta ke zikAra ho jAte haiN| kaiMsara se marane vAle logoM meM 10 pratizata tambAkU ke vyasanI hote haiM aura hArTa phaila ke Adhe rogI bhI tambAkU sevI hote haiN| isa dhUmrapAna kI eka khAsa burAI yaha hai ki dhUmrapAna karane vAlA to apanI prANahAni karatA hI hai kintu ve nirdoSa loga bhI dhIme jahara ke zikAra bana jAte haiM jo tambAkU ke dhue~ kA asara khA jAte haiN| ve to 'kare koI aura bhare koI' ke cakkara meM Ate haiN| dhUmrapAna se cAroM ora kA vAtAvaraNa viSAkta bana jAtA hai| sArvajanika vAhanoM meM isI kAraNa likhA rahatA hai ki yahA~ dhUmrapAna na kareM, kintu usakI pAlanA kahA~ hotI hai? ___ hakIkata yahI hai ki tambAkU ke purAne-nae sabhI utpAda karor3oM kI jindagiyA~ barbAda kara rahe haiN| isa vyasana se Arthika hAni behisAba ho rahI hai| deza kI araboM rupayoM kI rAzi isa zauka ke pIche 319

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sucaritram phUMka dI jAtI hai| tambAkU ke kisI bhI utpAda kA vyasanI eka dina meM kama se kama 10 ru. bhI pratidina barbAda karatA hai to varSa bhara meM apanI kitanI mehanata kI kamAI isameM barbAda kara detA hai| zarIra kI hAni, dhana kI hAni to sAmane dikhatI hai, magara saMskAroM kI hAni kitanI lambI hAni pahu~cAtI hai-use adhika loga samajhate hI nahIM haiN| tambAkU meM jo nikoTIna tattva hotA hai, vaha kucha dera ke lie dimAga ko ArAma pahu~cAtA hai, magara bhayAvaha rogoM ko paidA karatA hai| yaha thor3A sA ArAma parivAroM ko caupaTa kara rahA hai, samAja ko tor3a rahA hai aura vyakti svayaM to TUTatA hI hai| cAritrika adhaHpatana kI nIcAI meM kyoM nahIM dikha rahI saccAI? durvyasanoM ke cakravyUha meM deza ke adhisaMkhya loga aura khAsa karake yuvaka aura yuvatiyA~ itanI burI taraha se phaMse haiM ki ve nirantara adha:patana kI nIcAI meM lur3hakate hI jA rahe haiM, phira bhI Azcarya hai ki apanI hI jindagI kI barbAdI kI saccAI unheM nahIM dikhAI de rahI hai| mUlataH yaha mAnava caritra kA adhaHpatana hai| , vAstava meM vyasana binA boe hue aise viSa vRkSa haiM, jo mAnavIya guNoM ko vikRta banA kara ghAtaka durguNoM meM badala dete haiN| ve viSa vRkSa jisa jIvana bhUmi para uga Ate haiM, ve barAbara bar3hate aura bar3e hote rahate haiM taba taka jaba taka jIvana kA sArA rasa cUsa kara use mRtyu meM nahIM badala dete| viSa vRkSa ke tale sadAcAra kA koI paudhA nahIM pnptaa| jIvana meM jyoM-jyoM durvyasanoM kA jahara phailatA jAtA hai, tyoM-tyoM sArI sAtvikatA naSTa ho jAtI hai tathA rAkSasI krUratA sabako Ahata karatI hai| vyasanI vyaktiyoM kA jIvana ekadama nIrasa ho jAtA hai, pArivArika jIvana roja-roja ke jhagar3oM se klezamaya bana jAtA hai to samAja meM vyasanI kI koI ijjata nahIM krtaa| eka vyasanI vyakti kA jInA marane se bhI adhika kaSTadAyaka ho jAtA hai| ___kahA jAtA hai ki vyakti maratA nahIM, vahI svayaM ko mAratA hai aura eka vyasanI vyakti ke lie yaha kahAvata solahoM Ane saca hai| isa kahAvata ko ulaTa deM agara eka vyasanI vyakti to kahAvata bana jAegI ki vyakti jIvita hI nahIM rahatA, vaha apane jIvana ko svayaM jIvaMta banA sakatA hai| aisA tabhI ghaTita ho sakatA hai jaba vyasanI vyakti apane cAritrika adha:patana ko mahasUsa kara le aura usase ubarane ke lie tatpara bana jaave| saccAI samajha lene ke bAda hI aisA badalAva A sakatA hai| vyasanI vyakti nizcaya kara le to apane sAre vyasana chor3a kara apane jIvana ko vikAsa kI ora mor3a sakatA hai| vaha apane akAla maraNa ko surakSita kara sakatA hai aura apane niSkriya jIvana meM kriyAzIlatA kA prANa-saMcAra phailA sakatA hai| jIvana ke rUpAMtara kI kriyA kaThina saMkalpa para hI saphala ho sakatI hai| caritra nirmANa abhiyAna meM yaha vyasana mukti kA morcA bahuta racanAtmaka siddha ho sakatA hai kyoMki vyasanoM ko tyAge binA caritra ko nirmANa kI paTarI para lAyA hI nahIM jA sakatA hai| yaha sahI hai ki durvyasanoM kI tAkata bahuta tagar3I hotI hai, jo vyakti eka bAra tyAga kA saMkalpa lekara bhI usa para kharA nahIM utaratA hai| vyasana mukti ke lie eka vyakti ko nirantara dekharekha meM rakhanA hogA tathA 320

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durvyasanoM kI bAr3ha bahA detI hai caritra nirmANa kI phaladAyI phasala ko usake kamajora par3ate saMkalpa ko bAra-bAra sahArA dekara saphala banAnA hogaa| vyasana mukti ke saMkalpa - kAla meM sabhI dizAoM meM vyasanI vyakti ko preraNA aura sahAyatA milatI rahanI cAhie, tabhI usakA pUrA sudhAra zakya banatA hai| vyasanI ko nirvyasanI banAne ke lie caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ke karmiyoM ko apanA vyavahAra sadbhAva tathA sahAnubhUti se bharA-pUrA rakhanA caahie| usameM ghRNA yA arUci kA aMza na rhe| ise eka naitika va sAmAjika dharma mAnanA caahie| ghara-ghara jAkara alakha jagAnI hogI aura upalabdha pracAra sAdhanoM kA zreSTha upayoga karanA hogaa| nirvyasana jIvana caritra nirmANa tathA vikAsa kI AdhArabhUmi hai - yaha satya sAmane rakhanA hogaa| punarcetana punarcetana ke bIja bone hoMge vyasanI jIvana kI bhAva bhUmi meM : vyasanI jIvana kA satya naSTa hotA rahatA hai, kintu yaha eka lambI prakriyA hotI hai aura usake bIca meM kaI mukAma aise hote haiM, jina para racanAtmaka upAya kAma meM lie jAeM to vyasanI ke soe hue caitanya ko punarcetana kiyA jA sakatA hai| caritra nirmANa abhiyAna meM isI punarcetana kArya ko sarvAdhika mahattva diyA jAnA caahie| vyasanI jIvana kI bhAva bhUmi sarvathA baMjara nahIM ho jAtI hai aura usI bhUmi para sadbhAva evaM sahAnubhUtipUrvaka punarcetana ke bIja bone hoMge aura usake aMkuraNa evaM pallavana para itanA adhika dhyAna denA hogA ki ve vRkSa kA rUpa dhara kara usa vyasanI jIvana ke sAre viSa ko pI jAveM, jaise ki sAmAnya vRkSa vAtAvaraNa ke viSailepana ko pI jAte haiM tathA prANavAyu kA amRta bikherate haiN| punarcetana hokara vaha vyasanI jIvana isa prakAra kI amRtamayatA meM parivartita ho sakatA hai| caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ke vyasana mukti kAryakrama kA yaha nArA bananA aura kAryAnvita honA cAhie- 'vyasanoM ko chor3eM, jIvana ko sukhoM kI ora modd'e|' deza kI aneka samasyAoM meM Az2a kI vikaTa samasyA hai caritra nirmANa kI, kyoMki caritrazIlatA ke abhAva meM hI saba ora bhraSTAcAritA, karttavyahInatA tathA svArthaparatA kA vAtAvaraNa chAyA huA hai aura isI vAtAvaraNa kA viSailA bhAga hai| logoM kI vysnaadhiintaa| isalie vyasanamukti kI prAthamikatA sarvocca mAnI jAnI caahie| jaba taka vyasana nahIM chUTeMge, caritra nirmANa kI saphalatA saMdigdha hI rahegI aura Age kI bAta saba jAnate haiM ki caritra nahIM sudharegA to jIvana kA koI bhI kSetra sudhara nahIM sakatA hai| vyakti se lekara vizva taka kI unnati caritra-nirmANa evaM vikAsa para nirbhara karatI hai| ataH nirvyasana jIvana kI mahattA ko saba svIkAreM aura vyasanamukti ko AMdolana kA rUpa deN| tambAkU e-aphIma kI khetI hI ho baMda, jisase miTe karor3oM ke duHkha dvanda : aneka taraha ke nazIle padArthe banAe jAte haiM tambAkU aura aphIma se aura ye donoM khetI kI upaja haiN| eka ora jahA~ nazer3iyoM kA nazA chur3Ane kI kozizeM kI jAe, vahA~ yaha mAMga bhI joroM se uThAI jAnI cAhie ki tambAkU aura aphIma khetI hI kAnUnana baMda karavA dI jAe tAki 'na rahe bAMsa aura na baje bAMsurI' / yaha ThIka hai ki kinhIM ailopethI kI davAoM meM aphIma kA upayoga hotA hai, 321

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sucaritram kintu vaha alkohala bhI roga nivAraNa nahIM karatA, korI sunnatA paidA karatA hai| tambAkU aura aphIma kI khetI baMda karane kI bAta kisAnoM se to manavAI jA sakatI hai lekina vyavasAyiyoM ko isake pakSa meM lAnA AsAna nahIM hai, kyoMki tambAkU va aphIma ke utpAdoM se araboM-kharaboM kI kamAI kI jAtI hai| vyavasAyI yadi isa tathya kI ciMtA kareM ki inase karor3oM jindagiyA~ tabAha ho rahI haiM to bAta bana sakatI hai| aise jahara ko ugAnA hI baMda kara diyA jAe to samasyA kA sadA ke lie sukhadAyaka samAdhAna ho sakatA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se tambAkU (bIDI, sigareTa, curuTa, guTakhA, masAlA, chainI Adi tathA aphIma, mAraphIna brAUna zugara, Dragja Adi) se phailane vAle vyasanoM se vyaktiyoM ko mukta karane ke vibhinna upAyoM para gaMbhIra vicAra kiyA jAnA cAhie tathA eka AMdolana ke rUpa meM una upAyoM ko pracArita kiyA jAnA cAhie tAki vyasanoM meM DUbe vyaktiyoM ko punarcetana kiyA jA ske| isa punarcetanA ke lie isa prakAra ke vicAra jagAe jAne cAhie___ 1. talaba nakAreM, bhalA vicAreM - jaba bhI tambAkU va aphIma ke utpAdoM kI talaba lage to majabUta irAde se use nakAra deM aura vicAra kareM ki apanA, apane parivAra tathA apane saMgha- samAja kA bhalA kisameM hai-nazA lete rahane meM yA naze ko pUrI taraha se chor3akara dazA sudhAra lene meM? 2. le leM saMkalpa, na rakheM vikalpa - jaba eka bAra nazA-parityAga kA saMkalpa le leM to majabUtI rakheM-na usameM galI nikAleM aura na mana ko caMcala bnaaveN| soceM ki yaha parIkSA kI bAta hai aura kisI bhI parIkSA meM viphala raha jAne se ijjata miTatI hI hai| 3. kAmakAja meM raheM vyasta, lambe-lambe sAMsa leM, baneM masta - apane Apako kisI na kisI upayogI kAmakAja meM vyasta rakheM tAki talaba jora na pakar3a ske| sAtha meM mu~ha meM sauMpha-ilAyacI rakheM to usa sugaMdha se talaba daba jaaegii| khAsataura para talaba ke vakta lambe sAMsa lekara masta raheM aura soceM ki cAhe kucha bhI ho jAe, maiM chor3e hue vyasana ko vApisa gale nahIM lgaauuNgaa| tyAga deM jo madirA kA pAna, jIvana meM sUrya uge, ho svarNa vihAna : madirApAna kA mada gahana aMdhakAra ke samAna hai, jaba jIvana kA sArA tattva aura satya dRSTihIna ho jAtA hai, ata: yadi madirApAna tyAga diyA jAe to nizcaya hI usa jIvana meM vikAsa kA sUrya udita ho jAegA aura svarNa vihAna meM Atmonnati kA patha prakAzita bana jaaegaa| vyasana ko chor3a dene se jIvana ke aneka sukhoM ko sahaja hI meM prApta kara sakate haiN| ___ yaha madirA pAna eka AsurI vRtti hai, jo vartamAna ko hI nahIM, bhaviSya ko bhI dUSita, kaluSita, vikata evaM pIDita banA detI hai| itihAsa paDhane vAle jAnate haiM ki mahAbhArata kAlameM kauravoM aura dvArikA ke yAdavoM kA vinAza kyoM huA tathA kyoM mugaloM ne apanA sAmrAjya gaMvAyA? madyapAna sarvanAza ke sivAya aura kucha nahIM krtaa| vartamAna vAtAvaraNa meM madirA ke bhISaNa duSprabhAvoM ko bhalIbhAMti dekhA jA sakatA hai| kula aparAdhoM (balAtkAra, lUTa-pATa, hatyA, DakaitI Adi) kA 60 pratizata madirA pAna ke kAraNa ghaTita hotA hai| isa vyasana se naitikatA aura dhArmikatA kA kitanA nAza ho rahA 322

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durvyasanoM kI bAr3ha bahA detI hai caritra nirmANa kI phaladAyI phasala ko hai-isakA to Akalana hI kaThina hai| .. vyasanI vyakti ke bhAvanA pakSa ko jagAkara hI use vyasana mukta kiyA jA sakatA hai| madirApAna ke vikarAla rUpa ko dekhate hue mahAtmA gAMdhI ke isa kathana kA vyasana mukti ke kAryakrama meM upayoga kiyA jAnA caahie| unhoMne kahA thA-'maiM bhArata kA daridra ho jAnA pasanda karUMgA, lekina yaha kabhI bardAzta nahIM karUMgA ki hamAre hajAroM loga (jabaki Aja to karor3oM ho gae haiM)zarAbI ho jaaeN| agara bhArata meM zarAbabaMdI jArI karane ke lie, zikSA ko bhI baMda karanI par3e taba bhI koI paravAha nhiiN| maiM bhArI se bhArI kImata cukA kara bhI zarAbakhorI baMda karAnA caahuuNgaa|' isa kathana se pahale to apane Apako mahAtmA gAMdhI kI anuyAyI mAnane vAlI parTiyoM aura sarakAroM ko sabaka lenA cAhie ki turanta zarAbabaMdI kara dI jaae| janatA ko bhI zarAbabaMdI ke lie AMdolana karanA caahie| caritra nirmANa abhiyAna meM madirA vyasana mukti para vizeSa bala diyA jAnA caahie| - vaise vyaktigata stara para dhyAna, jApa, samIkSaNa Adi kA abhyAsa AraMbha karAyA jAe aura bAda meM ina AyojanoM ko sAmUhika svarUpa pradAna kiyA jAe to nirvyasanI bhAvanA balavatI bnegii| madirA kI ghAtakatA para dhyAna kendrita karate hue usake saMpUrNa parityAga kI preraNA jagAI jaae| - vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki usa madirA vyasana ke tyAga meM vaha pratyeka prayatna sArthaka rahegA, jo vyasanI ke tyAga ke vicAra ko pakkA kare, usake AtmavizvAsa ko bar3hAveM evaM usake hRdaya meM parivartana kI lahara jgaave| sadbhAvanA kA prabhAva AcaraNa parivartana meM avazya dikhAI degaa| pravacanoM, upadezoM, vicAragoSThiyoM Adi kA bhI acchA asara pdd'egaa| zAkAhAra se bane jIvana sAtvika, taba vicAra bhI hoveM tAtvika : ___ vyasana zabda hI vikRta AhAra kA pratIka hai, ataH AhAra zuddhi se hI vyasanoM kA mUloccheda kiyA jA sakatA hai| AhAra tAmasika na rahe aura sAtvika bana jAve to sabhI vyasanoM kI samasyA pUrI taraha se samApta kI jA sakatI hai| AhAra kI sAtvikatA zAkAhAra se bar3hakara kisI meM bhI nahIM hai| zarIra zAstriyoM aura vaijJAnikoM ne yaha pramANita kara diyA hai ki mAnava zarIra kI jaisI saMracanA hai usake lie ekamAtra zAkAhAra hI upayukta hai, mAMsAhAra to kataI nhiiN| manuSya kI daihika racanA zAkAhArI varga kI hai| prakRti ne manuSya ko zAkAhArI rUpa meM hI racA hai| zAkAhAra hI sabhI dRSTiyoM se mAnavIya AhAra hai / yaha zAkAhAra sAtvika hai, prAkRtika hai, paripUrNa hai, mAnavAnukUla hai, ArogyapUrNa hai, naitika hai tathA adhyAtma sahAyaka hai| jaba jIvana sAtvika banatA hai tabhI manuSya ke vicAra tAtvika bana sakate haiM tathA Atmonnayana ke dvAra khula sakate haiN| sAtvikatA se hI dhArmikatA kA vikAsa hotA hai| yaha ni:saMkoca rIti se svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ki manuSya zAkAhAra ke lie haiM tathA zAkAhAra manuSya ke lie hai| ___AhAra ke sAre prayojana zAkAhAra se siddha hote haiN| zAkAhAra zuddha aura upayukta hai jabaki mAMsAhAra azuddha aura anupayukta hI nahIM, tana-mana ke lie bhISaNa hAnikAraka bhI hai aura hiMsA janita bhii| AhAra hI pahalI bhUmikA tana ke lie hai ki 1. vaha garbhastha zizu ko poSaNa dekara use 323

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sucaritram yuvA rUpa meM svastha rUpa se vikasita kre| 2. koSANuoM kI yathAvaya vRddhi hotI rahe / 3. apekSita tApa aura UrjA zarIra ko mile| 4. zarIragata rAsAyanika kriyAe~ kSatigrasta na hoN| 5. zarIra zramazIla bhI ho aura zaktizAlI bhii| 6. rakta meM amlIya va kSArIya tattvoM kA samucita anupAta banA rhe| 7. sAtvika AhAra kA zreSTha phala yaha hai ki mAnava zarIra dharma sAdhanA kA sahAyaka bne| isI dRSTikoNa se AhAra kI zuddhAzuddhi para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| . AhAra kI mahattA zArIrika vikAsa tathA svAsthya taka hI sImita nahIM hai, usakA prabhAva mAnava ko mAnavIya malyoM se yukta banAne meM prakaTa honA caahie| kahA hai-'jaisA khAve anna, vaisA bane mn'| isakA abhiprAya yahI hai ki mAnavatA kA sIdhA saMbaMdha bhojana se hai-bhojana kI sAtvikatA se hai, jo zAkAhAra se hI prApta ho sakatI hai| zAkAhArI vyakti evaM jAtiyA~ zAMta, snehapUrNa, ahiMsaka aura dayAzIla hotI hai jabaki mAMsAhArI hiMsaka, krUra evaM aakraamk| ataH zAkAhAra saccaritratA kA kAraNabhUta bhojana hai| bhAna bhUle aura bhayabhIta mAnava ke lie zraddhA para laga jAtA hai praznacihna : dharmAcaraNa kI jar3atA mAnava ko bhAna bhUlA detI hai aura sAmpradAyika kaTTaratA taba use itanA DarA detI hai ki usake dvArA vyakta kI jAne vAlI zraddhA ko kyA zraddhA kA nAma bhI diyA jA sakatA hai? usa zraddhA ke Age bar3A-sA praznacihna laga jAtA hai| aisI zraddhA kA sabase bar3A kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai bhaya, jo parokSa rUpa se saMkIrNa dAyaroM se phUTatA rahatA hai| kaTTaratA usake mana-mAnasa ko jhiMjhor3atI rahatI hai aura vaha apane meM nAyakoM ke samakSa samartha anuyAyI nahIM, vivaza kaThaputalI ke rUpa meM badala jAtA hai| taba bhaya usake bhItara maMDarAtA rahatA hai aura sampradAya-saMgharSa calate rahate haiM tathA vahI sampradAyoM ke tathAkathita dharmAcaraNa kI khurAka bane rahate haiN| jaba zraddhA dhUmila aura aMdhI ho jAtI hai to vyakti kA viveka bhI DUba-sA jAtA hai| isakA natIjA yaha hotA hai ki usakA AtmavizvAsa DagamagA jAtA hai| usakI nirNAyaka buddhi kuMThita ho jAtI hai aura vaha kiMkartavyavimUDha bana jAtA hai| aisI hI usakI bhAna bhUlI dazA ho jAtI hai| yaha dazA svabodha ko kSINa banA detI hai| yaha anubhava taka samApta-sA ho jAtA hai ki hamArI AtmA meM ananta zaktiyA~ haiM aura hama apane sva ko jagA kara caritra vikAsa ke unnata patha para agragAmI ho sakate haiN| dharmAcaraNa kI rUr3hatA se utpanna hone vAle aise gaMbhIra pariNAmoM ko aba atIva gaMbhIratA se lenA caahie| dharma aura AcaraNa ko jaba jIvana se alaga kara diyA jAtA hai taba na to satya ko sAtha meM rakhA jA sakatA hai aura na hI guNoM kI sampannatA bacAI jA sakatI hai| Aja yaha nizcaya karane kI velA hai ki hara kImata para satyaniSThA banAI rakhI jAnI cAhie kyoMki isI para guNoM kI abhivRddhi athavA caritra kA vikAsa nirbhara karatA hai| jaba kisI kA caritra vikAsa hotA hai to usakI pratiSThA aura prAmANikatA vistAra pAtI hai aura usakA dharmAcaraNa satyaniSTha bana jAtA hai| satya ke prati samarpaNa sadA hI kSamatA aura mahAnatA kA Adarza srota banA rahatA hai| 324

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durvyasanoM kI bAr3ha bahA detI hai caritra nirmANa kI phaladAyI phasala ko rUr3hatA kA unmUlana ho, nivAraka evaM racanAtmaka upAyoM se rUr3hatA unmUlana karane ke lie usake kAraNoM para prahAra karanA hogaa| jaisA ki batAyA jA cukA hai ki mukhya kAraNa hai viveka buddhi kA kuMThita ho jaanaa| viveka buddhi tabhI kuMThita hotI hai athavA kI jA sakatI hai jaba kisI ko samyag jJAna se vimukha kara diyA jAe aura usake dharmAcaraNa ko aMdhI galI meM dhakela diyA jaae| isakA yaha spaSTa artha huA ki nivAraka evaM racanAtmaka upAyoM meM sabase pahale vicAra krAMti para bala diyA jaae| pahale prabuddha varga svayaM isa krAnti ke mahattva kA Akalana kare aura taba sAmAnya jana taka yaha vicAra phailAve ki ve svayaM Aja kI durdazA ko samajheM, svArthI aura kaTTaravAdiyoM ke jAla ko ukhAr3a pheMke tathA jIvana, dharma, AcaraNa aura caritra kI maulikatA ko AtmasAt kreN| vicAra krAnti kI prakriyA kucha laMbI ho sakatI hai kintu sthira parivartana isake binA saMbhava nhiiN| phira Aja dharma aura sampradAyoM kI jaisI tIkhI jakar3a meM sAmAnya jana phaMsA huA hai, use vahAM se mukta karane kA Atma-jAgaraNa ke alAvA anya kyA upAya ho sakatA hai? sampradAyoM kI vikRtiyAM to hai hI, kintu nAmadhArI dharmoM ke pracalana meM bhI kitanI bhrAntiyAM samA gaI hai ki ye dharma bhI mAnavatA ke sacce vikAsa meM bAdhaka se bana rahe haiN| mahAn dArzanika DaoN. esa. rAdhAkRSNan ke isa sambandha meM vicAra mananIya haiN| unhoMne dharma ke vartamAna svarUpa kI carcA karate hue kahA hai-"yadi saMsAra apanI AtmA kI khoja meM hai to ye sAre dharma-jisa rUpa meM ve hama taka pahuMce haiM, hameM usa AtmA kI prApti nahIM karA skte| ve mAnavatA ko milAkara eka karane kI bajAe unheM virodhI daloM meM vibhAjita karate haiN| ve jIvana ke sAmAjika pakSa para bala na dekara vaiyaktika pakSa para bala dete haiN| vaiyaktika vikAsa ke mUlyoM kA atiraMjana karake ve sAmAjika bhAvanA aura kalpanA ko nirutsAhita karate haiN| ve karma kI apekSA siddhAnta para adhika bala dete haiN| apane paramAtmA ke rAjya kI dhAraNAoM ke dvArA ve logoM ko isa pRthvI para apekSAkRta.acchA jIvana bitAne ke prayatnoM se vimukha kara dete haiN| aisA lagatA hai ki unakI Atmika zakti samApta ho cukI hai|" (grantha-dharma aura samAja, adhyAya 2, dharma kI preraNA aura naI vizva vyvsthaa)| dharma-sampradAyoM kI vartamAna meM jaisI bhI avasthA hai, usameM vicAra-krAnti se hI Thosa parivartana A sakatA hai| kintu yaha eka prAthamika upAya hogaa| vicAra-krAnti ke mAdhyama se mAnava caritra kA nava nirmANa karanA hogA-eka nayA mAnava banAnA hogA, jo sacce dharma kA vAhaka bane, zuddhAcaraNa kI naI jAgRti lAve aura vyakti se vizva taka kI cAritrika zakti ko sudRr3ha AdhAra pradAna kreN| aisA hI caritra vikAsa jo rUr3hatA meM bhI TikA rahe aura rUr3hatA ko Tikane na deM____ antataH caritra vikAsa hI rUr3hatA kA sabase adhika asaradAra unmUlaka ho sakatA hai, balki aisA sudRr3ha caritra vikAsa sAdhA jA sakatA hai jo rUr3hatA meM bhI TikA rahe tathA saphala saMgharSa karate hue rUr3hatA ko Tikane bhI na de| aisA caritra vikAsa AdhArita honA cAhie mana, vacana, karma kI ekarUpatA pr| jisakA mana eka, vacana eka aura karma eka, vaha nizcita rUpa se sajjana hai jisakA jJAna aura AcaraNa kabhI bhI rUr3hatAgrasta nahIM ho sakatA hai (manasyaikaM, vacasyaikaM, karmasyaikaM 325 .

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sucaritram sajjanAnAm) aura durjana vaha, jisakA mana alaga, vacana alaga aura usase karma alaga hotA hai| yaha vyAkhyA kisI grantha se sIkhane kI jarUrata nahIM par3atI, vaha vyAvahArika anubhavoM meM yadA kadA sAkAra rUpa meM sAmane AtI hI rahatI hai| inhIM anubhavoM se sIkhA aura samajhA jAtA hai ki sajjanatA kaisI aura durjanatA kaisI hotI hai? yahI anubhava viveka ko jagAtA hai ki kisa dizA meM apane jIvana ko DhAlanA caahie| Apa hI soceM ki Apa sajjana bananA cAheMge yA durjana? ApakA sajjana se vAstA par3e yA durjana se? yadi Apa sajjana bananA aura sadA sajjanatA pAnA cAhate haiM to sIkhanA aura sikhAnA par3egA ki mana, vANI tathA karma ko jor3a kara unheM eka rUpa va saMyukta kaise banAe rakheM? ___ jaba taka jJAna aura AcaraNa kI jar3atA ko miTAne ke sArthaka prayAsa nahIM kiye jAeMge tathA mana, vANI aura karma ko alaga-alaga dizAoM meM bhaTakane diyA jAtA rahegA, taba taka ye cAra samasyAeM paidA hotI rahegI evaM jaTila rUpa dhAraNa karatI rahegI-1. dRSTikoNa mithyA banegA tathA mithyA banA rahegA aura samyaktva dUra kI kaur3I hI banA rhegaa| 2. naI-naI icchAeM ubharatI rahegI aura tRSNA na jIvana meM zAnti Ane degI aura na use sacce dharma se jur3ane degii| 3. viveka para pramAda kA pardA par3a jAegA aura par3A rhegaa| andara-bAhara jar3atA pasarI rhegii| 4. pratikUlatA milane aura anukUlatA na milane para Aveza, uttejanA, krodha, hiMsA Adi kI vikRta vRttiyA~ svabhAva meM gaharAtI tathA vibhAva meM bhaTakAtI jaaegii| aisI jar3atA do dazAoM meM jaTila banatI hai-1. ajJAna kI dazA meM, jaba saMkalpoMvikalpoM evaM AvegoM-saMvegoM kA sahI jJAna nahIM hotA tathA 2. mUr3hatA kI dazA meM, jaba jAnakara bhI na jAnane kI mUDhatA yAnI tRSNAmaya dhUrtatA vRttiyoM aura pravRttiyoM meM phailI rahatI hai| jJAna aura AcaraNamaya abhyAsa meM ina donoM kA samAdhAna hai| mana, vANI aura karma ko sudhArane-sAdhane kA nAma hI yoga hai aura sacce arthoM meM yahI caritra vikAsa hai| manoyoga se vacana yoga tathA donoM se karma yoga kI puSTi hotI rahe to caritra meM kahIM dAga taka lagane kA avasara nahIM AtA hai| karma yoga kA artha kisI kArya meM laga jAnA mAtra hI nahIM hotA hai| usase kArya ko kAmayAba karane kA kamAla bhI hAsila honA caahie| kArya meM kamAla kA matalaba hai-ApadA Ane para bhItara-bAhara kA saMtulana na TUTe aura kArya kI gati anta taka abAdha rUpa se banI rhe| - .. apane Antarika bala se aise caritra kA nirmANa aura vikAsa kiyA jAnA cAhie jo eka ora dharma svarUpa evaM dharmAcaraNa meM kisI bhI bahAne se kisI bhI rUpa meM rUr3hatA kA praveza na hone de to dUsarI ora Aja phailI huI rUr3hatA tathA jar3atA ko jar3amUla se miTA DAlane ke lie kaTibaddha ho jaay| aisA caritra vikAsa na kevala vyakti meM utpanna ho, balki usake mAdhyama se samAja, rASTra aura vizva taka meM sthiratA ke sAtha prasArita ho jaay| aise caritra vikAsa kA abhiyAna kaThina avazya hai kintu asAdhya kadApi nhiiN| isake lie tInoM yoga aura pradhAna rUpa se karma yoga ko sAdhane kI anivAryatA rhegii| karmayoga satata sakriya rahe tathA aDiga bhI rahe, isake lie ina sUtroM kA anusaraNa lAbhadAyaka rahegA1. karma bAdhaka ApadA ke Ane ko pahale hI bhAMpa leM tathA use bhAMpa kara yA ApadA ke Ate hI mana 326

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durvyasanoM kI bAr3ha bahA detI hai caritra nirmANa kI phaladAyI phasala ko ko sahaja aura satarka banA leM tAki ApadA kA sahI samAdhAna khojA jA ske| 2. karma kI sAdhanA Dara kara kareM, lekina kAma kI khUba thakAna ke bAda tana, mana ko DhIlA chor3a Avazyaka vizrAma bhI avazya kiyA jAnA caahie| 3. kAma ko rokane vAlI choTI se choTI ar3acana ko bhI najaraaMdAja nahIM karanA cAhie tathA yathAsamaya use haTA kara gati ko sugama banAte rheN| 4. kAma ke bojha se jyAdA dabAva mahasUsa kareM to haMsate-haMsate kaMdhA badala liyA kareM kintu kAma ko bIca meM kabhI bhI nahIM chodd'eN| 5. kAma ke bIca meM ApadA ke Ane para pahale usake kAraNa para nahIM, usake nivAraNa para tatkAla vicAra kareM tAki kAma kI gati TUTe nhiiN| 6. kAma kI lagana aisI gaharI honI cAhie ki mauta taka kA bhaya sAmane A jAne para khilAr3I kI bhAvanA banI rhe| 7. ApadA Ane ke sAtha Dara kataI nahIM AnA caahie| Dara Ave to itanA hI ki usase bacAva kA . ___ upAya turanta sUjha Ave aura amala ho| 8. karma sAdhanA kI mukhya bAta yaha hai ki sabhI sAthiyoM kA paraspara aisA dRr3ha sambandha ho ki hareka hara __ hAla meM ApadA ke samaya sAtha rhe| 9. karma sAdhanA meM anyAya se Age bar3hakara lar3anA, ApadAoM ko jagAne vAlI mAnanA aura cittavRttiyoM ko saMzodhita karate calanA jarUrI hai| caritra vikAsa ke kisI bhI abhiyAna meM bhI ye hI sUtra dRr3hatA evaM sakriyatA ke kAraNa hote haiN| 327

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dharma aura vijJAna kA sAmaMjasya nikhAregA mAnava caritra kA svarUpa dharma aura vijJAna donoM kA mAnavIya pakSa anivArya dasa viSaya para kisI kathA kA ullekha nahIM kareMge, 'balki sambandhita do samAcAroM kA hI vivaraNa yahAM para de rahe haiM pahalA samAcAra hai-haidarAbAda (Andhrapradeza) kaa| eka samAroha meM misAila takanIka ke janaka, bhArata ratna DaoN. e.pI.je. abdula kalAma (vartamAna meM bhArata ke rASTrapati) ne apane jIvana kI eka purAnI ghaTanA kA ullekha kiyaa| unhoMne batAyA ki koI 38 varSa pahale trivendrama (kerala) ke eka choTe se gAMva meM sthita carca ke bizapa se pUchA gayA ki kyA ve 'gaoNDa' ke isa nivAsa ko vaijJAnika mizana ko de sakeMge? bizapa ne prArthanA meM Ae bhaktoM se kahA ki mere sAtha eka vikhyAta vaijJAnika hai, jo isa thumbA carca aura mere ghara ko bhI lenA cAhate haiM tAki ve yahAM antarikSa kI zodha kA kAma zuru kara skeN| yaha vijJAna va adhyAtma kA milana hai aura maiM daivika AzIrvAda cAhatA hUM ki janatA kA bhalA ho| bhaktoM ne 'Amena' kaha kara apanI svIkRti dI aura antarikSa vaijJAnika vikrama sArAbhAI ne vahAM jo kendra kholA vaha abhI taka vahAM cala rahA hai jisakA nAma hai thumbA ikveToriyala raoNkeTa lAMciMga stteshn| yaha vivaraNa 328

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dharma aura vijJAna kA sAmaMjasya nikhAregA mAnava caritra kA svarUpa 25

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dharma aura vijJAna kA sAmaMjasya nikhAregA mAnava caritra kA svarUpa dete hue abdula kalAma ne batAyA ki isa ghaTanA ne unake jIvana ko badala diyaa| unhoMne anubhava kiyA ki kisa prakAra vivekazIla AdhyAtmika aura vaijJAnika nAyaka eka sAtha mila kara mAnava jIvana aura usake kalyANa ko bar3hAvA dete hue janahita kA dAyitva nibhA sakate haiN| ye bizapa vizvavyApI mAnasa ke eka udAharaNa the| kalAma ne Age kahA- vaha carca jahAM raoNkeTa DijAina senTara kAyama huA aura bizapa kA vaha ghara jahAM hama vaijJAnikoM ne kArya kiyA-sadA merI smRti rhegaa| dUsarA samAcAra hai dillI kI eka vicAra goSThI kA, jahAM kaI dezoM ke vizeSajJa sammilita hue tathA unhoMne vijJAna, dharma aura vikAsa viSaya para gaharI carcAeM kii| isameM isrAila baTAI TIciMga senTara ke nidezaka bhautika vijJAnI pharajana arabAba kA yogadAna mahattvapUrNa rhaa| unhoMne kahA - vijJAna Aja bhI hamAre vizva ko samajhane kI koziza meM lagI jAnakArI kI eka vidhi hai, kintu isase vijJAna na to mUlyavattA prApta kara sakatA hai aura na hI vizva ke artha aura uddezya ko khoja sakatA hai| unhoMne mahAn vaijJAnika AinsTAIna ke prasiddha siddhAnta ko doharAyA ki vijJAna dharma ke binA aMdhA hai aura dharma vijJAna ke binA laMgar3A hai| arabAba ne apane isa bhASaNa meM niSkarSa nikAlA ki sabhyatA kI vAstavika pragati tabhI saMbhava hogI jaba vijJAna aura dharma sAtha milakara zAntipUrvaka satya kI khoja meM jutteNge| Aja jitanI vikAsa se sambandhita vicAradhArAeM haiM, ve mAnavIya evaM AdhyAtmika jarUratoM ko najaraandAja karatI haiM aura kevala bhautika, Arthika tathA rAjanItika paristhitiyoM para hI apanA dhyAna kendrita karatI hai| aba vijJAna aura TeknolaoNjI ko mAnavAbhimukhI honA hogaa| yaha zurUAta kevala kucha vyakti hI nahIM kara sakeMge, yadi bahusaMkhyaka logoM kI lagAtAra upekSA hI kI jAtI rhegii| isrAila ke isa bhautika vaijJAnika ne spaSTa kiyA ki dharma nizcita rUpa se naitikatA kA prazna uThA kara TeknolaoNjI para sImita rahane kA pratibaMdha lagA sakatA hai, kintu usake samarthakoM ko bhI zodha ke nae kSetroM para binA vicAre pratibaMdha lagAne ke nirdeza jArI nahIM karane caahie| ina donoM samAcAroM kA abhiprAya eka sA hai ki dharma aura vijJAna kA samanvaya saMbhava hI nahIM, balki anivArya hai| inase yaha dhvani bhI nikalatI hai ki yaha samanvaya avazyaMbhAvI bhI hai| samagra jIvana meM dharma aura vijJAna kA sAmaMjasya kyA saMbhava hai ? : aba taka kA itihAsa batAtA hai ki dharma aura vijJAna ke bIca meM saMgharSa jaise antarnihita rahA hai| isa saMgharSa kA mUla kAraNa hai- vizva racanA ke kAraNa kA matabheda / dharma sRSTi ko racita mAnatA hai to vijJAna use vikAsavAda kI phalazruti batAtA / zurU se yaha vivAdAspada rahA hai| isa vivAda kI jar3eM gaharI hai aura mastiSka meM yaha dhAraNA jama gaI hai ki donoM ke siddhAntoM tathA vidhi vidhAnoM meM buniyAdI pharka hai| dharma sabase pahale vizvAsa aura AsthA kI mAMga karatA hai aura ekaniSTha AstikatA cAhatA hai| vizvAsa meM pramANa kI AvazyakatA vaha nahIM mAnatA, balki daraasala to vaha pramANa mAMgane kI manovRtti ko hI nirutsAhita karatA hai| dharma kI nIMva hI AstikatA ke jisa vizvAsa para khar3I huI hai, agara use hI koI cher3e to vaha bardAzta ke kAbila nahIM mAnA jAtA aura nikRSTatama kahA jAtA hai| dharma kI mAMga hai| pratyeka ko dharma ke amuka satya ko binA nanUnaca ( prazna yA hicakicAhaTa) ke svIkAra karanA caahie| spaSTa hai ki sabhI dharma apanI-apanI mAnyatAoM ko eka-dUsare se viziSTa batAte haiM 329

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sucaritram aura cAhate haiM ki unake anuyAyI isa viziSTatA kI prANa praNa se rakSA kreN| . ___ dUsarI ora vijJAna pratyeka vastusthiti ko zaMkA kI najara se dekhatA hai| use sarvadA aura sarvatra sandeha caahie| vijJAna kI mAMga hai ki vijJAna kSetra ke pratyeka kAryakartA ko pratyeka bAta para prazna hI prazna karane caahie| vaha vartamAna sthiti para prazna kare, naye sAkSya kI khoja kare aura usa sAkSya ke naye aura zreSTha vizleSaNa ko talAze-tabhI vaha saccA vaijJAnika bana sakatA hai| vijJAna kI isa prakriyA kI pakkI sabUta hai usakI thyorI oNpha rileTiviTI (jo jaina darzana meM anekAntavAda, syAdvAda yA sApekSavAda ke nAma se hajAroM varSa pahale se mAnya aura pracalita hai)|nyuuttn ke gati niyamoM se bhI vizva ke rahasyoM ko samajhane meM paryApta madada milI hai| kintu thyorI oNpha rileTiviTI kA paripakva svarUpa tabhI Dhala pAyA, jaba AinsTIna ne nyUTana kI thyorI ko galata siddha kara diyaa| isI prakAra vijJAna ko yaha jAnane meM bhI hajAroM varSa laga gae ki yaha pRthvI brahmANDa ke kendra meM sthita hai| isI prakAra lambe arse taka graha nakSatroM ke sambandha meM kalpanAeM daur3atI rahI, jaTila siddhAnta banate rahe aura AkAza meM unakI gati ke bAre meM apane-apane mata vyakta kiye jAte rahe lekina ina graha nakSatroM kA manuSya jAti para kyA prabhAva hotA hai-isake bAre meM kucha khAsa nahIM jAnA jA skaa| sabase pahale vaijJAnika koparanIkasa ne prastAvita kiyA ki yadi sUrya ko kendra meM rakha pRthvI Adi sabhI grahoM ko usakI parikramA lagAte hue mAnA jAya to grahoM kI jaTila gati ko AsAnI se samajhA jA skegaa| isa sAre vivaraNa kA Azaya yaha hai ki vaijJAnika pracalita dhAraNA ko dhyAna meM nahIM letA hai, balki vijJAna ke prati saccI lagana ke nAte vaha sAre tathyoM va sAkSyoM para vicAra karatA hai aura isa sAra ko prastAvita karatA hai jise vaha aisI zodhapUrNa vicAradhArA mAnatA hai jisa para usane kAma kiyA hai aura usakA vistRta vivecana diyA hai| eka saccA vaijJAnika apanI zodha ko sarvopari mahattva detA hai| isa para prazna uThatA hai ki kyA sacce arthoM meM vaijJAnika rahate hue bhI dhArmika bana pAnA saMbhava mAnA jAegA? kyA uttara ho sakatA hai isa prazna kA? uparokta vivaraNa to nakArAtmaka saMketa detA hai, kintu vAstava meM vaha hai nhiiN| isakA uttara sakArAtmaka hai| aneka vikhyAta vaijJAnikoM ke nAma ginAye jA sakate haiM jo gaharI dhArmika AsthA ke bhI dhanI rahe haiN| yaha isa kAraNa saMbhava ho sakA ki ve ina donoM kA sundara tAlamela biThA ske| eka ora unhoMne eka prakAra se 'doharI soca' (Dabala thiMka) kA abhyAsa kiyA, jisameM pratyeka vastusthiti ke bAre meM prazna karane kI vaijJAnika vRtti ko unhoMne una kSetroM meM lAgU nahIM kiyA jo unake jIvana meM dhArmika vizvAsoM se sambandhita the| dUsarI ora isa tathya ko unhoMna pahicAnA ki vijJAna ke pAsa hamezA sabhI praznoM ke uttara nahIM rahate, jaise yaha prazna aksara karake uThA karatA hai ki maiM eka zreSTha puruSa kaise bana sakatA hUM to kahanA par3egA ki aise praznoM ke vijJAna ke pAsa koI uttara nahIM hote haiM, kyoMki yaha to apanI AntarikatA kA prazna hai| vijJAna ke pAsa Antarika praznoM ke koI uttara nahIM hote haiM aura aise uttara hone kA vijJAna ne kabhI dAvA bhI nahIM kiyA hai| sRSTi kA racayitA Izvara hai-yaha nAstika kahe jAne vAle loga nahIM maante| unakA tarka hai ki pAMca kI bajAya ATha aMguliyAM kyoM nahIM banAI gaI aadi| ve kahate haiM-sRSTi kA racayitA na to koI alaukika zakti vAlA Ayojaka hai jo prAkRtika itihAsa kI choTI-choTI bAtoM kA samAyojana 330

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dharma aura vijJAna kA sAmaMjasya nikhAregA mAnava caritra kA svarUpa karatA hai aura na hI sRSTi racanA nAma ke vyavasAya ko calAne vAlA sarvazaktimAna prbndhk| sRSTi Izvara kI racanA nahIM hai| yaha to anAdi hai aura vikAsavAda kI prakriyA se nirantara gujaratI huI Age se Age cala rahI hai| IsAI dharma ke sTIphana je. popa ne to yahAM taka kahA hai ki vikAsavAna jIvavijJAna ko pahicAnA jA sakatA hai kintu isa prazna kA koI saTIka uttara nahIM hai ki isa saMsAra kA Izvara se kyA sambandha hai? isa vizleSaNa kA eka Azaya hai| saSTi ko Izvara dvArA racita mAnane vAle kaTarapaMthiyoM kA vizvAsa hai ki Izvara ne hI brahmANDa racA, pRthvI banAI aura usa para jIvana kI saSTi kii| kinta aba aneka dharmoM ke loga isa vizvAsa se dara saraka rahe haiM aura mAnane lage haiM ki Aja jIvana kA jo rUpa astitva meM hai vaha dIrghAvadhi se vikasita huA va taiyAra huA hai| saca yaha hai ki vijJAna ke isa vicAra ko dharma apane haThavAda meM ghasITatA hai| dharma yaha bhI nahIM batAtA ki Akhira vijJAna ko vaha kyA aura kaisA mAnatA hai? dharma hakIkata meM vaijJAnika sahamati kI upekSA karatA hai aura pRSThabhUmi kI jAnakArI ko binA kAraNa nakAratA hai| vaha apanI bhrAnta dhAraNA ko choDanA nahIM cAhatA, jabaki vijJAna pratyeka stara para vastavAdI banA rahatA hai. isa kAraNa saSTi racanA kA dharma kA vizvAsa pahale hI jhaTake meM gira jAtA hai| vizleSaNa kA Azaya yahI hai ki aba dharma aura vijJAna ke saha- astitva meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| AtmA aura prakRti donoM ke vijJAna se mAnava jIvana kA ghaniSTha sambandha : ... yadi dharma aura vijJAna ko alaga-alaga mAnanA aura rakhanA hai to samajhie ki mAnava caritra ko khaMDa-khaMDa karanA hogaa| mAnava caritra kI ekAtmA tor3I nahIM jA sakatI hai aura usakI cAritrika kSamatA kA nirantara vikAsa bhI Avazyaka hai| isake lie na to vaha dharma ko darakinAra kara sakatA hai aura na hI vijJAna se bhI muMha mor3a sakatA hai kyoMki yadi dharma AtmA kA vijJAna hai to bhautika vijJAna bhI prakRti kA vijJAna hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki dharma arthAt adhyAtma aura vijJAna donoM hI mAnava jIvana ke sAtha gaharAI se jur3e hue haiN| isa mAnava jIvana ke sAtha donoM vijJAnoM kA ghaniSTha sambandha hai, kintu yaha viDambanA hI hai ki donoM vijJAnoM ko bhinna-bhinna bhUmikAoM para khar3A kara rakhA hai aura sAmAnyajana ko samajhAyA jAtA hai ki donoM paraspara virodhI hai| yaha bhI batAyA jAtA hai ki donoM kA kArya kSetra alaga-alaga hai jo eka dUsare se mela nahIM rakhatA tathA donoM kI pRSThabhUmiyAM bhI viparIta hai| dhyAtma ko kacha vizeSa kriyAkAMDoM aura pracalita mAnyatAoM ke sAtha joDa diyA hai aura vijJAna ko kevala bhautika anasaMdhAna tathA vizva ke bAhya vizleSaNa taka sImita kara diyA hai| donoM hI kSetroM meM se jaise eka vaicArika pratibaddhatA khaDI kara dI gaI hai. itanI ki donoM ko paraspara pratidvaMdvI batAyA jAtA hai| tathAkathita dhArmika loga vijJAna ko pUrI taraha galata va jhUThA batAte haiM to vijJAna bhI dhArmika mAnyatAoM ko bebuniyAda sAbita kara rahA hai| sthiti yaha hai ki donoM ora ke kaTTaravAdI donoM kI sahI upayogitA se mAnava jIvana ko vaMcita karane meM lage hue haiN| - antarikSa yAtrI candramA kI bhUmi para utare aura jAMca ke lie vahAM kI patthara miTTI bhI le aae| .. aba maMgala graha kI bArikI se khoja talAza ho rahI hai ki vahAM jIvana vidyamAna hai yA nhiiN| dikhAI de rahI barpha kI paratoM se anumAna lagAyA jA rahA hai ki vahAM jIvana kA nirvAha karane vAle tattva to 331

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sucaritram 332 avazya maujUda haiN| aise kaI vaijJAnika anusaMdhAna evaM anveSaNa hai jo pratyakSa hai kintu dhArmika jana unheM svIkAra karane ke mUDa meM nahIM hai, kyoMki apane dharmazAstroM evaM mAnyatAoM ke prati jo dIrghakAla se eka vaicArika pratibaddhatA jamI huI hai vaha unheM rokatI hai| dhArmika jana na to vijJAna kI pratyakSa pragati kA bhalIbhAMti bauddhika vizleSaNa kara sakatA hai aura na hI vizleSaNa se prApta satya ke AdhAra para paramparAgata moha ko ThukarA sakatA hai| vaha bAra-bAra duharAI gaI dhAraNA evaM rUr3higata mAnyatA ke sAtha kucha aisA baMdhA huA hai ki jaise vaha baMdhana ko chor3e taba bhI baMdhana use zAyada nahIM chodd'egaa| isa Agraha kI hI usake mana meM vyagratA hai jo vijJAna ke satya ko mAnane aura na mAnane ke bIca ar3I huI khar3I hai| isa satya ko Aja samajha lenA hogA ki dharma aura vijJAna paraspara zatru kataI nahIM hai, donoM hI vijJAna haiM - eka AtmA kA to dUsarA prakRti kA / mAnava kI maulikatA AtmA hai to usakA samUcA jIvana prakRti para AdhArita hai to vaha donoM meM se eka ko bhI kaise chor3a sakatA hai? dharma yA adhyAtma vijJAna ke antargata AtmA ke zuddhAzuddha svarUpa, baMdha- mokSa, zubhAzubha pariNAmoM kA utthAna-patana Adi Antarika samasyAoM kA samAdhAna AtA hai to prakRti se sambaddha isa bhautika vijJAna meM mAnava zarIra, indriya, mana evaM prakRtijanya aneka viSayoM kA vizleSaNa milatA hai| donoM kA hI jIvana kI akhaMDa sattA ke sAtha gaharA jur3Ava hai| eka jIvana kI antaraMga dhArA kA pratinidhi hai to dUsarA usakI bahiraMga dhArA kA / adhyAtma kA kSetra mAnava ke antaHkaraNa, usake caritra, isakI cetanA evaM AtmIyatA taka phailA huA hai to vijJAna kA kSetra prakRti ke aNu se lekara virATa khagola-bhUgola Adi ke prayogAtma anusaMdhAna evaM anveSaNoM taka pahuMcatA hai| eka mAnava jIvana kA antaraMga jJAna hai to dUsarA jIvana ke dUsare pakSa bahiraMga kA jJAna hai / yoM dharma aura vijJAna donoM jJAna bhI hai aura vijJAna bhI / ataH donoM virodhI nahIM, balki eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiN| vijJAna prayoga hai to adhyAtma yoga hai| vijJAna sRSTi kI aneka camatkArI zaktiyoM kA rahasya udghATita karatA hai evaM prayoga dvArA unheM hastagata karatA hai, vahAM adhyAtma una zaktiyoM kA kalyANakArI upayoga karane kI dRSTi pradAna karatA hai| mAnava caritra ko vikasita, nirbhaya aura nirdvanda banAne kI vidhi adhyAtma ke pAsa hai ki bhautika vijJAna kI upalabdhiyoM kA kaba, kaise aura kitanA upayoga karanA cAhie jisase mAnava jIvana saMtulita raha sake / adhyAtma, bhautika pragati ko viveka kI AMkha detA hai, phira dharma aura vijJAna ko paraspara virodhI kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai? saca to yaha hai ki mAnava jIvana kevala antarmukhI bana kara nahIM Tika sakatA to kevala bahirmukhI bana kara bhI nahIM cala sakatA hai| use donoM antaraMga evaM bahiraMga dhArAoM meM bahanA hotA hai aura donoM prakAra ke tattvoM kA sAmaMjasya biThAnA hotA hai| jIvana kI akhaMDatA isI meM hai ki donoM dhArAoM kA samyak sammizraNa kiyA jAe tathA jIvana ko santulita banAyA jaae| bahiraMga jIvana meM vizrRMkhalatA aura vivAda paidA na ho isake lie antaraMga niyaMtraNa cAhie aura antaraMga jIvana bhI bahiraMga ke sahayoga ke binA saphala nahIM ho sktaa| yoM donoM kA apanA-apanA mahattva hai tathA jIvana ko donoM kI apekSA rahatI hai| donoM ko amuka sthiti evaM mAtrA meM lekara hI calA jA sakatA hai, tabhI jIvana upayogI, sukhI evaM sundara ho sakatA hai|

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dharma aura vijJAna kA sAmaMjasya nikhAregA mAnava caritra kA svarUpa dharma aura vijJAna ke prati jamI huI vaicArika pratibaddhatA hI donoM ke jIvanta sAmaMjasya ko nakAra rahI hai| isa viSaya para marmajJa vicAraka sva. upAdhyAya amara muni kA cintana anukaraNIya hai| ve kahate haiM-"kisI bhI paramparA ke pAsa grantha yA zAstra kama-adhika hone se jIvana ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM koI antara Ane vAlA nahIM hai| yadi zAstra kama raha gaye to bhI ApakA AdhyAtmika jIvana bahuta UMcA ho sakatA hai, vikasita ho sakatA hai aura zAstroM kA ambAra lagA dene para bhI Apa bahuta pichar3e raha sakate haiN| AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie jisa cintana aura dRSTi kI AvazyakatA hotI hai vaha to antara se jAgRta hotI hai| jisakI dRSTi satya ke prati jitanI Agraha rahita evaM unmukta hogI, jisakA cintana jitanA AtmamukhIna hogA, vaha utanA hI adhika AdhyAtmika vikAsa kara skegaa|...maiNne dekhA hai, anubhava kiyA hai- graMthoM evaM zAstroM ko lekara hamAre mAnasa meM eka prakAra kI vAsanA, eka prakAra kA Agraha-jise haThAgraha hI kahanA cAhie paidA ho gayA hai| AcArya zaMkara ne viveka-cUr3AmaNi meM kahA hai- deha vAsanA evaM lokavAsanA ke samAna zAstra vAsanA bhI yathArtha jJAna kI pratibaMdhaka hai AcArya hemendra ne ise hI "dRSTirAgastu pApIyAn durucchedyaH satAmapi" kaha kara dRSTirAgI ke lie satya kI anusaMdhitmA ko bahuta durlabha batAyA hai| ... hama anekAnta dRSTi aura syAdvAda vicAra paddhati bAta-bAta para jo duhAI dete haiM, vaha Aja ke rAjanItikoM kI taraha kevala nArA nahIM honA cAhie, hamArI satya dRSTi bananI cAhie, tAki hama svataMtra apratibaddha prajJA se kucha soca ske| jaba taka dRSTi para se aMdha zraddhA kA cazmA nahIM utaregA, jaba taka pUrvAgraha ke khUMTe se hamArA mAnasa baMdhA rahegA, taba taka hama koI bhI sahI nirNaya nahIM kara skeNge| isalie yuga kI vartamAna paristhitiyoM kA takAjA hai ki hama pUrvAgrahoM se mukta hokara naye sire se soceM / prajJA kI kasauTI hamAre pAsa hai aura yaha kasauTI bhagavAn mahAvIra evaM gaNadhara gautama ne, jo svayaM satya ke sAkSAtdRSTA evaM upAsaka the, batalAI hai I " 'pannA samikkhae dhamme" (uttarAdhyayana 23-25) arthAt prajJA hI dharma kI, satya kI samIkSA kara sakatI hai-usI se tattva kA nirNaya kiyA jA sakatA hai ( grantha 'cintana kI manobhUmi', adhyAya 31, pRSTha 303-304) / " jaina darzana kI vaijJAnika virAsata hai-dharma vijJAna sAmaMjasya kI preraNA : bhAratIya vijJAna ke kSetra meM jaina darzana kI prAcIna vaijJAnika virAsata apanA eka viziSTa sthAna rakhatI hai, balki vaha vaijJAnika pragati kA eka mUlyavAna srota bhI hai| mahAn jaina AdhyAtmika paramparAoM tathA unake pravartakoM ne vyApaka rUpa se bhAratIya cintana evaM vaicArikatA ko mukhya rUpa se tIna kSetroM meM prabhAvita kiyA - 1. paramANuvAda, 2. anekAntavAda tathA 3 aMka siddhAnta sahita gaNitIya vidhiyAM / vAstavikatAvAdI dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa jaina dArzanikoM ne yaha Avazyaka samajhA ki ve isa bhautika saMsAra kI maulikatA ke viSaya meM saMtoSajanaka spaSTIkaraNa deN| jaina siddhAntoM 'anusAra karma bhautika svabhAva vAlA pudgala hotA hai, kintu usakA zarIra aura AtmA ke sAtha aisA baMdha ho jAtA hai ki usakI nirjarA hue binA vaha chUTatA nahIM hai| mRtyu ke bAda bhI vaha kArmaNa zarIra ke rUpa AtmA ke sAtha jur3A rahatA hai| isa prakAra karma pudgala ke aNuoM kA aisA halana calana hotA hai ki ve sambandhita AtmA dvArA kiye jAne vAle zubha va azubha kAryoM ke anusAra 333

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sucaritram cipakate rahate haiM tathA tadanusAra phalAphala dete haiN| karma pudgala ke siddhAnta ke mAdhyama se jaina vicArakoM ne bhautika jagat kA vistAra se vivecana kiyA hai| inake vicAra ke anusAra yaha jar3a (padagala) tattva apane nizcita prakAra evaM parimANa ke sAtha zAzvata padArtha hai| ghanatva meM yaha bar3hatA-ghaTatA rahatA hai kintu aNu-paramANuoM meM koI kamI-bezI nahIM hotI hai| ye aNu-paramANu vibhinna AkAroM meM rUpAntarita hote rahate haiM aura skaMdha rUpa bhI banate rahate haiN| paramANu ke svabhAva kA vistRta varNana paMcAstikAya ke antargata huA hai tathA bhagavatI sUtra meM paramANu thyorI (siddhAnta) para pUrA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| 'jahAM taka anekAntavAda kI thyorI (siddhAnta) kA prazna hai. jaina darzana ke isa prAcIna siddhAnta jaisA siddhAnta anya koI nahIM hai| jaina vicArakoM ne pahacAnA thA ki yaha saMsAra jaisA dikhAI detA hai usase kaI gunA jaTila hai aura usameM uThane vAle vibhinna vicAroM meM sAmaMjasya lAte rahane kI AvazyakatA sadA banI rhegii| isalie unhoMne ativAdI aura ekAntavAdI mAnyatAoM ko nakAra diyaa| anekAntavAda ko syAdvAda bhI kahA jAtA hai jisakI saptabhaMgI hotI hai arthAt sAta nayoM ke dvArA vastu kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai| astitva aura anAstitva kI do hI nahIM, sAta saMbhAvanAeM hotI haiN| nayavAda se vastu svarUpa kA pUrNa paricaya hotA hai| vibhinna apekSAoM se padArtha ke svarUpa kA jo avalokana kiyA jAtA hai, usase isa bhautika jagat kI saMkhyAtmaka jAnakArI bhI spaSTa hotI hai| jaina dArzanikoM kI adbhuta dUradRSTi thI ki unhoMne atIva jaTilatAoM ke uparAnta bhI nakSatra maMDala Adi kA bhI nizcita varNana kiyA hai, jisase unake gaNitIya, jyotiSIya evaM khagolIya-bhUgolIya jJAna kI viziSTatA kA bhI paricaya milatA hai| jaina sAdhuoM ne AdhyAtmika abhyAsa ke sAtha gaNita meM bhI mahattvapUrNa paramparAeM sthApita kii| vaijJAnika viSayoM kI carcA karane vAle prakhyAta jaina grantha haiM-gaNita sAra saMgraha, tattva sthAnAdhigama sUtra, sthAnAMga sUtra, jambUdvIpa prajJapti, anuyogadvAra sUtra, kSetra samAsa, triloka sAra, bhagavatI sUtra aadi| gaNita sAra saMgraha ke racayitA muni mahAvIrAcArya bahuta bar3e gaNitajJa the| rAjA rASTrakUTa amoghavarSa nRpatuMga (815-878 I.pU.) kI rAjya sabhA meM gaNitajJa ke rUpa meM unakA atyadhika sammAna thaa| samrATa candragupta maurya ke samAna rASTrakUTa rAjA ne bhI rAjya kA parityAga karake jaina sAdhutA svIkAra kI thii| graMtha gaNitasAra saMgraha meM erithameTika, elajebarA aura jyomeTrI ke viSayoM kA samAveza hai aura isameM eka kavi kI kalpanA ke sAtha gaNitajJa kI tIvratA kA acchA pradarzana huA hai| vijJAna ke itihAsajJoM ne kaI sthaloM para ullekha kiyA hai ki yaha grantha dakSiNa bhArata meM pAThya pustaka ke rUpa meM par3hAyA jAtA thaa| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina dArzanikoM ke lie vijJAna viSayoM meM vizeSajJatA prApta karanA hI paryApta nahIM thI, balki AdhyAtmika unnati ke carama taka pahuMcane kA eka mArga bhI thA jisake dvArA isa saMsAra ke bhautika AdhAra ko bhalIbhAMti samajhA tathA mahasUsa kiyA jAtA thaa| vijJAna viSayoM para vidvatA se likhe aneka grantha lupta ho gaye haiM athavA durlabha hote jA rahe haiN| isa virAsata kI sAvadhAnIpUrvaka rakSA kI jAnI cAhie kyoMki dharma evaM vijJAna kA sAmaMjasya biThAne meM yaha sAhitya apUrva preraNA kA srota bana sakatA hai| Aja yadi isa amUlya virAsata para khoja ho, una viSayoM kA 334

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dharma aura vijJAna kA sAmaMjasya nikhAregA mAnava caritra kA svarUpa gaharA adhyayana kiyA jAe tathA vartamAna DijITala TeknolaoNjI kI sahAyatA se naI vidhiyAM nikAlI to Adhunika vijJAna ko pragati kI naI dizA mila sakatI hai| bAe aba dharma phira se vijJAna hone lagA hai aura vijJAna dharma kI ora bar3hane lagA hai : prArambha meM dharma vijJAna thA, kintu bAda meM dharma ne apane aura vijJAna ke bIca moTI dIvAra khar3I kara lii| sadiyoM bAda vaha dIvAra aba TUTa rahI hai aura dharma punaH vijJAnamaya hone lagA hai| caritra nirmANa evaM vikAsa kI prakriyA samyak rUpa se cala sake isa uddezya pUrti ke lie aba dharma ko pUrI taraha vijJAna kI pAMta meM biThAne kA kArya jarUrI hai kyoMki donoM zaktiyoM ke samanvita prayAsa se hI lokakalyANa ko vyApaka svarUpa diyA jA sakegA / dArzanikoM evaM vaijJAnikoM donoM kA prAraMbhika lakSya saMsAra ke ajJAta gUr3ha rahasyoM ko jAnane kA hI thA, tAki unake udghATana se isa saMsAra meM jIvana ko zreSThatara banAyA jA ske| taba donoM ke bIca koI pratirodha nahIM thA evaM unake cintana tathA adhyayana kI paraspara koI sImA rekhA bhI nahIM thii| yaha satya jaina vijJAna granthoM se pramANita hotA hai / kintu bAda meM jAkara donoM kI kArya praNAlI meM vizeSa samasyA utpanna huii| darzana zAstra meM 'kyoM' kA saMketa bar3A banA to vijJAna kA lakSya 'kaise' taka sImita ho gyaa| 'kyoM' kA samAdhAna pAne meM dArzanika cintana se Age bar3ha kara kalpanA kI ur3AneM bhI bharane lagA, jabaki vaijJAnika ne lakSmaNa rekhA khIMca dI ki 'kaise' kA tathyAtmaka evaM prayogAtmaka samAdhAna pAkara hI Age bar3hA jAe aura kisI bhI prApta samAdhAna ko aMtima na mAnA jAe, zodha evaM prayoga kA krama calatA rhe| usake bAda darzana kI nakela dharma ne pakar3a lI aura vijJAna akelA cala par3A, kyoMki dharma usake prati ugra bana gyaa| jo tathya AtmAnubhava se pramANita nahIM kie jA sakate hoM, unheM vijJAna ne svIkAra nahIM kiyA, jabaki dharma tathyoM ko binA kisI pramANa ke bhI svIkAra kara letA thA unheM IzvarIya anubhUti, mahAjJAniyoM ke vacana, paigambara ke paigAma Adi ke nAma dekara pratyakSa pramANIkaraNa kA muddA hI dharma aura vijJAna ke bIca bheda kA pradhAna kAraNa bana gayA / vijJAna kI vidhi AnubhAvika athavA prayogAzrita hotI hai aura isameM naye anubhava ke bAda purAne niSkarSoM meM sahajatA se, balki anivArya rUpa se parivartana lAyA jAtA hai| isake viparIta dharma kI vidhi pUrvAgrahoM ke sAtha hI calatI hai evaM jo sthagana priya hotI hai - mUlataH vaha parivartana kI virodhI hI hotI hai| vijJAna ke lie sabhI nirNaya asthAyI hote haiM, kyoMki navIna jJAna ke prakAza meM unheM punaH zodha evaM saMzodhana yogya mAna liyA jAtA hai| dharma meM aisA kadApi nahIM hotA usakI sImA pUrva nirdhArita, kaThora evaM aparivartanIya hotI hai, balki zAstra vacana to lohe kI lakIra mAne jAte haiN| dharma praNAlI isa prakAra ekAdhikAravAdI ho jAtI hai aura yahI vibhinna dharma praNAliyoM ke bIca vivAda evaM saMgharSa kA hetu bana jAtA hai / matavAdI haThAgrahoM ke kAraNa hI dharma meM rUr3hatA va jaTilatA samAtI gaI / vaise mAnava dharma ke rUpa meM dharma kA svarUpa darzana se bhinna nahIM ho sakatA evaM darzana tathA vijJAna ke aMtima uddezyoM meM bhI koI matabheda nhiiN| saMsAra ke rahasyoM kI gUr3hatA meM donoM hI praveza karate haiM aura apane zrama ke suphala ko saMsAra ke sukha kA vAhaka banAte haiN| saca pUche to dharma kA uddezya cintana, 335

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sucaritram dhyAna yA bhAva samAdhi mAtra nahIM hai, apitu jIvana kI dhArA ke sAtha ekAtmya yA tAdAtmya sthApita karanA tathA usake lie sRjanAtmaka pragati meM bhAga lenA bhI hai| mAnava caritra ko vikAsa ke usa vAMchanIya bindu taka pahuMcAnA bhI dharma kA dAyitva hai jahAM parasparatA se jur3I eka saMgaThita jIvanazailI kA nirmANa ho ske| vizva bhrAtRtva kA janma tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba vyakti ke mana meM pahale saMgha bhAvanA utpanna ho jaae| aisI pRSThabhUmi kI racanA karane kA dAyitva bhI dharma kA hI hai| dharma ke mAnavIya hone kA artha hI yaha hai ki saMvedanA, sahAnubhUti, vizvAsa, sneha, sahayoga, sauhArda Adi guNoM ke prati manuSya kI pUrNa grahaNazIlatA bane tathA sAtha hI sAmUhika jIvana ke choTe se bar3e ghaTakoM meM lokataMtrAtmaka manovRtti kI prayogadharmitA calatI rahe, jisase zreSThatara abhiprAya udbhUta ho| dharma yadi isa svarUpa se hIna hai to use mAnavIya kahane meM saMkoca karanA hogaa| usI prakAra vijJAna kI bhI yaha bahuta bar3I burAI hai ki vaha aisI yAMtrika sabhyatA phailAtA jA rahA hai jisameM vyakti nijI preraNAoM se vaMcita rakhA jA kara eka astitvahIna ikAI jaisA banAyA jA rahA hai| vijJAna vyakti ko nahIM, vastuoM ko niyaMtraka banA rahA hai| parantu manuSya ke antaHkaraNa meM apane astitva aura pahacAna kA eka stara avazya hotA hai, satya kA eka krama bhI hotA hai evaM AtmIyatA kI aisI cinagArI nirantara damakatI rahatI hai jo use pUrNa rUpa se yAMtrika banane nahIM detI hai| ata: jvalanta samasyA yahI hai ki dharma aura vijJAna ke sAmaMjasya se naI jIvanazailI kA nirmANa va vikAsa kaise kiyA jAe tathA usake yogya mAnava caritra ko kisa prakAra DhAlA jAe aura panapAyA jaae| isa uddezya ko pAne ke lie tattva aura guNa dharma, pratIti aura yathArtha evaM AtmaniSThA aura vastuniSThA ke bIca vibhAjaka bheda na rhe| donoM vijJAna evaM dharma kI vizeSatAoM kA mAnava caritra meM aisA zubha va svastha sammizraNa kiyA jAe ki vidhAna evaM dharma kA sAmaMjasya paraspara niyaMtraka bhI bane to vyakti se lekara vizva taka kI mAnavIya mUlyavattA kA sampoSaka bhii|| __ aura Aja kA AzAjanaka tathya yaha hai ki dharma aura vijJAna ke bIca ke bheda aba ghaTane-miTane lage haiN| dharma phira se vijJAna hone lagA hai aura vijJAna dharma kI ora bar3hane lagA hai| klAsikI bhautikI kA dRSTikoNa niyativAdI bhI hai, yAMtrika to hai hii| kvAMTama yAMtrikI ne alaga-alaga vastuoM kI sattA kI avadhAraNA nirmUla kara dI hai| vijJAna meM vyakti aba kevala prekSaka hI nahIM, bhAgIdAra bhI mAnA jAne lagA hai| vijJAna ko mAnavIya svarUpa dene ke prayatna bhI vyApaka AdhAra para hone lage haiN| pAramANavika bhautikI ne vaijJAnikoM ko vastuoM kI tAttvika prakRti kI pahalI jhalaka dikhAI hai| rahasyavAdiyoM kI taraha aba bhautikazAstrI bhI satya ke asaMvedI anubhava kA adhyayana kara rahe haiM aura unhIM kI taraha unheM isa anubhava ke virodhAbhAsI pahaluoM kA sAmanA karanA par3A hai| taba se Adhunika bhautikI ke maoNDala aura usake biMba pUrvIya darzanoM kI vicAradhArA se mela khA gaye haiN| brahmAMDa kA aMtima lakSya kyA hai-yaha jAnane ke lie Adhunika bhautika zAstrI vizuddha bhautikI siddhAntoM se pare bhI zodha kara rahe haiN| yaha krama saMsAra ke rahasyavAdI dRSTikoNa kA mArga prazasta karatA hai, tAki dharma kA vaijJAnika dRSTi se punarutthAna ho ske| Adhunika vaijJAnika siddhAntoM ke dArzanika niSkarSa sarvathA vilakSaNa hai| 336

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dharma aura vijJAna kA sAmaMjasya nikhAregA mAnava caritra kA svarUpa / vartamAna ko Apa dharma aura vijJAna kA saMdhikAla kaha sakate haiM aura zAyada isI prakriyA meM yaha anizcitatA, avyavasthA evaM kuMThA kA kAla bana gayA hai| lagatA hai ki isakI dizA vighaTana kI ora hai aura dazA hai bhAvazUnya AsthAhIna gatirodha kI, jisa kAraNa yaha mUlyoM kA saMkaTa kAla bhI hai parantu Aja kA manuSya apanI sabhI prakAra kI samasyAoM ke prati jAgarUka bhI hai aura unake samAdhAna nikAlane ke lie utsAhita bhii| aise samaya meM yadi usake caritra kA vikAsa prabhAvI DhaMga se kiyA jA sake to isa kAla ko unnati kAla meM badalA jA sakatA hai| aba manuSya jAti ko samasyA bodha ke sAtha samyak samAdhAna hetu naye vizvAsoM kI khoja karanI hogI jo use dharma vijJAna ke sAmaMjasya se . prApta ho skeNge| mAnava caritra kA navarUpa nikharegA AdhyAtmika vijJAna aura vaijJAnika adhyAtma se: - kalpanA kareM ki eka kada kaThI ke do ghor3e sAtha-sAtha khar3e haiM aura donoM para savAra car3he hue haiN| eka ghor3A hai kATha (lakar3I) kA, jisa para jIna bhI kasI huI hai aura lagAma bhI lagI huI hai| nIce kI lakar3I isa taraha golAI meM hai ki baiThA huA usa taraha Age pIche hotA huA raha sakatA hai, jaise sacamuca ke ghor3e para car3hA huA ho| pharka hai to itanA hI ki ghor3A eka iMca bhI Age nahIM khisktaa| dUsarA asalI ghor3A hai arabI nasla kaa| lekina usa para na jIna hai na lgaam| jaba daur3atA hai to havA se bAteM karatA hai aura usa vakta savAra kI dazA kucha na pUchie, girate-girate baca gayA to kismata, varanA haDDI pasalI eka ho jAtI hai| aba pUchA jAe ki kaunasA ghor3A pasanda hai to zAyada vivekavAna puruSa kisI bhI ghor3e ko pasanda nahIM kregaa| kAraNoM para vicAra kreN| ghor3e kI savArI dUrI pAra karane ke lie hotI hai aura kATha kA ghor3A usa najarie se ekadama bekAra hai-hAM, baccoM ko vaha lubhAtA hai aura ve usa khilaune se khUba khelate haiN| dUsarA ghor3A bahuta teja hai-dUrI bijalI kI gati se pAra karatA hai lekina vaha gati bhI kisa kAma kI, jisa para hara vakta mauta maMDarAtI rhe| kaha sakate haiM ki apanI-apanI kamiyoM se donoM ghor3e bekAra haiM, lekina eka bAta hai| agara kATha ke ghor3e para se jIna utAra kara arabI ghor3e kI pITha para kasa dI jAya aura lagAma usake muMha meM lagA dI jAe to phira savAra usa ghor3e para kuzalatApUrvaka aura nizcinta hokara savArI kara sakegA aura maMjila para bhI kama se kama vakta meM pahuMca jaaegaa| kalpanA jarA Age bar3he ki kATha kA ghor3A hai vaha dharma yA adhyAtma hai aura arabI ghor3A hai vijJAna, lekina apanI vartamAna avasthA meM donoM hI mAnava jIvana ke lie utane upayogI nahIM, jitanA ki unheM honA caahie| lekina agara dhArmikatA kI jIna udaMDa vijJAna kI pITha para kasa deM aura naitikatA kI majabUta lagAma lagA kara use manuSya apane majabUta hAthoM meM kasa kara pakar3a le to vijJAna dhArmika aura naitika ho jAegA tathA una badalI huI paristhitiyoM meM dharma vijJAna banane lagegA, kyoMki jJAna tathA sAre AcAra vidhAna kA pramANIkaraNa anivArya ho jaaegaa| isa parivartana ko isa taraha kahA jA sakatA hai ki eka AdhyAtmika vijJAna bana jAegA to dUsarA vaijJAnika adhyaatm| aura taba yaha ni:saMkoca mAnA jA sakatA hai ki ina donoM rUpoM kI bhUmikA para adbhuta rUpa hogA aura vaha nava rUpa aisA nikharegA ki jisakA nikhAra vyakti se vizva taka phaila jaaegaa| 337

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sucaritram samatA darzana praNetA sva. AcArya zrI nAneza ne 'dharma aura vijJAna ke samanvaya' para bhI gaharA cintana kiyA tathA apanA niSkarSa nikAlA hai| unakA mantavya hai ki "prabhu mahAvIra kI parama pavitra dezanA prathama dezanA ke rUpa meM udghoSita huI thI-"je ajjhatthaM jANai, se bahiyA jaanni| je bahiyA jANai, te ajjhatthaM jANai-eyaM tullamantesiM" (AcArAMga, 1-1-4) arthAt jo apane andara apane sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti ko jAnatA hai, vaha bAhara dUsaroM ke sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti ko bhI jAnatA hai| jo bAhara ko jAnatA hai, vaha andara ko bhI jAnatA hai| isa prakAra donoM ko, sva evaM para ko eka tulA para rakhanA caahie| isa vAkya meM parama vijJAna samAyA huA hai| Aja vijJAna kevala bhautika vikAsa ke tattvoM kI saMjJA pA rahA hai to AdhyAtmika jJAna antarvidyA se sambandhita kiyA jAtA hai| lekina ina donoM zabdoM meM donoM kI samanvaya zakti kA eka dUsare kI pUrti se siMcana kiyA gayA hai| jahAM bAhya mana meM jijJAsAeM paidA hotI haiM aura cintana ke kSaNoM meM socane kI gaharAI meM pahuMcate haiM to lagatA hai ki vahAM se vijJAna aura dharma ke samanvaya kI AvAja uThatI hai| ...insAna kA dRSTikoNa bAharI vastuoM se baMdhA . huA hotA hai| vaha dRzya jagat meM apanI pUrNa sthiti kA samAveza karanA cAhatA hai| dRzya jagat se pare jagat kI-adRzya sRSTi kI kalpanA bhI prAyaH nahIM banatI hai| usakI tarapha mur3anA kaThina hotA hai| lekina dRzya aura adRzya dikhane vAle aura nahIM dikhane vAle ina donoM prakAra ke tattvoM kA sammizramaNa hI yaha sRSTi hai| sirpha bAhara hI bAhara dekheM aura andara meM nahIM jAve to jIvana kI avasthA adhUrI rhegii| jIvana ke andara hI andara dekheM aura bAhara ko sarvathA ojhala kara deM to vaha avasthA bhI paripUrNa nahIM bnegii| sarvathA bhItara kA ekAntika rUpa bhI paripUrNa nahIM hotA aura sarvathA bAhara kI halacala bhI jIvana ko apaMga rakha detI hai| insAna yadi apanI samagra jindagI ko sampUrNa rUpa se dekhane kI jijJAsA rakhatA hai to use bhItara aura bAhara kA samanvaya samucita rUpa se sAdha lenA caahie| vaha bAhara ko paripUrNa rUpa se dekha skegaa| bhItara kA samagra svarUpa sahI mAyane meM tabhI sAmane A sakegA jaba vaha bAharI dRzyoM ko bhI unake sahI pariprekSya meM dekha legaa|...yoN dekheM to vijJAna aura dharma meM bheda parva aura pazcimakA hai| vijJAna kA makhya AdhAra bhautikatA hai to dharma ne apanA malAdhAra AdhyAtmikatA ko mAnA hai| bhautikatA zabda bhUta se banA hai aura bhUta kA artha hotA hai jdd'-pudgl| jar3AdhArita vaha bhautikatA aura adhi+Atmika ho yAnI AtmA kI tarapha jAnA hai vaha hai aadhyaatmiktaa| to eka jar3a kI dizA hai aura dUsarI cetana kI dizA hai| vastu svarUpa kI dRSTi se to jar3a aura cetana kI saMyukta dazA hai, jabaki jar3a aura cetana ekadama viparIta tattva hai| ata: bheda to spaSTa hai, lekina kyA samanvaya bhI utanA spaSTa hai? eka dRSTi se yaha kaheM ki samanvaya bhI utanA hI spaSTa hai to atizayokti nahIM hogii| ...dRzya aura adRzya tattvoM ke sammilana se hI isa sRSTi kI racanA huI hai| yaha nirvivAda tathya hai| vItarAga vANI bhI isakI puSTi karatI hai ki nau tattvoM meM mUla to do hI tattva haiM-jIva aura ajIva / jaba jIva tattva ajIva tattva se milatA hai tabhI jIvana kI sRSTi hotI hai| jIva hai so AtmA hai aura ajIva hai vaha zarIra hai| zarIra bhI koI to ina bAharI AMkhoM se dikhAI dete haiM to koI itane sUkSma hote haiM ki ve ina AMkhoM se nahIM dikhAI dete| sUkSma jIvANuoM ke zarIra kI aisI hI sthiti hotI hai| svayaM kArmaNa zarIra ati sUkSma hotA hai-sUkSma hokara bhI vaha jar3a hI hotA hai| ...vastu svarUpa kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to jIva aura ajIva donoM ekadama viparIta tattva haiN| lekina donoM kA jo rUpa isa saMsAra 338

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dharma aura vijJAna kA sAmaMjasya nikhAregA mAnava caritra kA svarUpa ke paTala para sakriya rUpa meM dikhAI detA hai, vaha ina donoM kA samanvita rUpa hI to hotA hai| AtmA tattva nirAkAra hai, usakA AkAra zarIra banAtA hai| mAnava zarIra jo dikhAI de rahA hai vaha svayaM jIva aura ajIva tattvoM kI samanvita zreSTha racanA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM yaha kaha sakate haiM ki ina donoM kA jo samanvita rUpa hai, vahI sRSTi kA mUla hai| ...dharma aura vijJAna ke bIca samanvaya kI samasyA usI avasthA meM samasyA hai jabaki AtmA saMjJAhIna jaisI rahatI hai| isalie pramukha samasyA hai AtmAbhimukhI vRtti ke vikAsa kI aura jaba taka aisA samIcIna vikAsa nahIM ho jAtA hai taba taka dharma aura vijJAna ke svastha samanvaya se AtmAbhimukhatA kI pramukha samasyA ke samAdhAna meM sahAyatA prApta kI jA sakatI hai| ...yaha (dharma aura vijJAna kA samanvaya) AtmA kI cetanAvasthA ke santulana kA bigAr3a hai| korI bhautika lipsA isIlie to manuSya ko rAkSasa banA detI hai| ise vastutaH samanvaya kA abhAva kahA jaaegaa| bhautikatA to AdhyAtmikatA kI pUraka banatI hai, vijJAna kI svastha sahAyatA se dharma kI unnati kI jA sakatI hai, lekina zarta yaha hai ki AtmA jAgRta ho-nijatva ke AdhAra para khar3I rahane kI kSamatA usameM paidA ho jaae| isake (samanvaya ke) lie AtmAbhimukha vRtti kA vikAsa kiyA jAnA cAhie aura jaise zarIra ko dharma kA sAdhana banAyA jAnA cAhie to usI taraha vijJAna ko bhI dharma kA sAdhana banAyA jAnA cAhie (grantha-apane ko samajheM-prathama puSpa, adhyAya 11 'dharma aura vijJAna kA samanvaya' pRSTha 95-101) / sAra saMkSepa yaha hai ki dharma ko gati cAhie aura vijJAna ko mti| mati dharma ke pAsa hai aura vijJAna ke pAsa gati / mati ke binA gati udaMDatA kI ora jAtI hai tathA gati ke binA mati niSkriya rahatI hai| ataH nissandeha mati aura gati ko sAtha jur3anA hI hogA, yadi jIvana ko sakriya banAnA hai| mAnava caritra kA navarUpa nikharegA isI mati aura gati kI saMyuktatA se - dharma aura vijJAna ke sthira saMyoga se| 339

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zreSTha zikSA, saMskAra se sAmarthyavAna va guNI vyaktitva kA nirmANa caritra vikAsa meM zikSA va saMskAra kI bhUmikA eka bodha kathA hai| do sAdhu nadI kinAre baiThe apane pAtroM ko sApha kara rahe the, tabhI unhoMne dekhA ki pAnI meM eka bicchU DUba rahA hai| yaha dekha eka sAdhu se rahA na gayA aura usane turanta bicchU ko pAnI se apanI hathelI para uThAyA aura kinAre para rakha diyaa| isa bIca bicchU ne usa hathelI para apanA DaMka mAra diyaa| sAdhu ko jora se pIr3A huI, para usane zAnta raha kara use sahana kii| vaha phira se apanA pAtra sApha karane lgaa| ___ utsukatAvaza usI sAdhu kI dRSTi phira se kinAre para biccha ko khojane lagI to vaha vahAM nahIM dikhAI diyaa| cauMka kara usane idhara-udhara dekhA to dikhAI diyA ki bicchU phira pAnI meM calA gayA hai aura DUbane lagA hai| vaha phira utthaa| pahale kI taraha usane bicchU ko hathelI para liyA aura kinAre para rakha diyaa| bicchU ne bhI pahale kI hI taraha DaMka mArA, para sAdhu use bhI saha gayA aura pIr3A ko sahate hue apane pAtra sApha karane lgaa| duryoga ki bicchU phira kinAre se pAnI meM calA gyaa| phira sAdhu kI najara usa para par3I aura vaha use DUbate hue nahIM dekha skaa| tIsarI bAra bhI usane bicchU ko hathelI 340

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zreSTha zikSA, saMskAra se sAmarthyavAna vagaNI vyaktitva kA nirmANa para rakhA aura bAhara laayaa| kintu usane isa bAra bicchU ko kinAre para nahIM chor3A, balki dUra taka le cAkara chodd'aa| isa daurAna bicchU ne usakI hathelI para kaI bAra daMza de die parantu sAdhu apane svabhAva [ se vimukha nahIM banA aura usane bicchU ke prANa bacA kara hI dama liyaa| dUsarA sAdhu pahale sAdhu kI sArI gatividhi dhyAnapUrvaka dekha rahA thaa| vaha kucha samajhA aura bahuta nahIM smjhaa| utsukatAvaza usane apane sAthI se pUchA-'bhante! kyA Apa jAnate nahIM the ki bicchU kA kyA svabhAva hotA hai? Apa nahIM jAnate the, aisA maiM nahIM mAnatA, phira Apa bAra-bAra daMza khAkara bhI usa jaharIle prANI ko bacA kyoM rahe the?' pahale sAdha ne uttara diyA-'mitra! Apa, maiM aura sabhI biccha ke DaMka mArane ke svabhAva se paricita haiN| bicchU kA svabhAva hai DaMka mAranA aura yaha to Apa bhalIbhAMti jAnate hI hoMge ki mAnava kA svabhAva kyA hai aura vizeSa rUpa se sAdha kA svabhAva kyA honA cAhie?' dUsarA sAdhu taba bhI asamaMjasa meM thA, bolA-'maiM kucha samajhA nahIM, donoM ke svabhAvoM kI talanA kA kyA artha hai?' pahale sAdha ne batAyA-'suno, bahuta dhyAna se suno ki mAnava aura sAdha kA svabhAva honA cAhie prANI kI rakSA karanA hara hAla meM aura hara kImata pr| aba socane kI bAta yaha hai ki jaba bicchU ne eka bhI bAra apanA svabhAva nahIM chor3A to phira hama apanA hI svabhAva kyoM chor3a deM? hamArA yaha dAyitva hai ki hama bhI apane svabhAva para DaTe raheM aura daMza kA uttara bhI rakSA se hI deN|' dUsare sAdhu ne apane variSTha sAdhu ke caraNa chue aura nivedana kiyA-'bhante! apane svabhAva ko pAne-pahacAnane tathA usakA sadupayoga karane kI vilakSaNa zakti Apako kaise prApta huI jisase Apa daMza kI kaThina pIr3A ko bhI sahate rahe parantu apane svabhAva para DaTe rahe?' ___ pahale sAdhu ne zAnta svara meM samajhAyA ki yaha merI hI vilakSaNa zakti nahIM hai| yaha zakti to pratyeka mAnava aura sAdhu apanI AntarikatA meM vikasita kara sakatA hai| yaha caritra vikAsa kA suphala hai, kyoMki caritra vikAsa ke mAdhyama se uttama saMskAra nirUpita hote haiN| uttama saMskAroM se zreSTha zikSA kI ora jijJAsA AkarSita hotI hai tathA zreSTha zikSA sarvahitaiSiNI kSamatA ko paripuSTa banAtI hai| saMskAra, zikSA aura kSamatA kI bhUmikA yaha bhI hai ki unake dvArA caritra vikAsa ko bharapUra protsAhana mile| ina tInoM evaM caritra vikAsa kI uccatara bhUmikAoM para hI mAnavatA kA nirmANa hotA hai tathA sAdhutva kI zreSThatA prakaTa hotI hai| aisI zakti apane caritra vikAsa se hara koI pA sakatA hai aura pAramparika AdhAra para hara koI samUha, samAja yA rASTra bhI caritra kI uttamatA ke anurUpa sarvAMgINa vikAsa sAdha sakatA hai| nizcita rUpa se uttama saMskAra, zikSA evaM kSamatA mAnava caritra kA vikAsa karane vAle sahayogI tattva haiM, jinakI sAdhanA karake mAnava mAnavIya mUlyoM ke ujjvala caritra se sampanna bana sakatA hai| sasaMskAroM ke nirmANa kI yAtrA evaM parasparatA kA yogadAna : susaMskAroM ke nirmANa kA prazna kevala eka vyakti, eka samAja athavA eka kAla khaMDa ke sAtha hI jur3A huA nahIM hotA hai| vAstava meM susaMskAroM kA nirmANa eka anavarata yAtrA hai, jo saMskAroM ko parimArjita karatI hai, paramparAoM kA rUpa-svarUpa saMvAratI hai tathA vyaktiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha samUhoM 341

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sucaritram aura Age kI pIr3hiyoM ke lie bhI caritra vikAsa kA sugama patha nirdhArita karatI hai| isa yAtrA ke vistAra kI koI sImA nahIM aura isakI prabhAvikatA kA kabhI bhI anta nhiiN| yaha yAtrA bahatI huI nadI ke samAna hai jisakA jala sabako sparza karatA hai kintu nadI jala ke samAna hI isa yAtrA ke mArga meM bhI mailA bikharA hotA hai, kAMTe-kacarA phailA rahatA hai aura tIkhI caTTAnoM ke samUha chipe rahate haiM jala sparza ke sAtha yAtriyoM ko inakA bhI sAmanA karanA hotA hai| kucha yAtrI jo apane saMkalpa ko sAhasa ke sAtha saheje hae calate haiM. ve maila se bhI bacate haiM. kAMToM-kacare ko eka ora haTA dete haiM tathA caTTAnoM se apane tana-badana ko chilane nahIM dete| lekina kaI yAtrI usa maila se khuda ko bhI mailA banA dete haiM. kAMToM-kacare meM ulajha jAte haiM aura caTTAnoM se TakarA kara apane ko lahalahAna kara lete haiN| isa prakAra kI donoM sthitiyAM calatI rahatI haiM aura inase sambandhita pratyeka yAtrI kI manodazAeM bhI badalatI rahatI hai| agalA yAtrI isI rUpa meM pichale yAtrI ke lie apane saMskAra chor3atA jAtA hai aura yoM saMskAroM kI eka zrRMkhalA banatI jAtI hai-paramparA r3halatI jAtI hai| paramparAoM ke nirmANa meM saMskAroM kI barAIyoM aura kamajoriyoM ko dara karate hae sabhI saMskAroM kI zreSThatAoM ko sammilita kiyA jAtA hai jo bhAvI pIr3hiyoM ke lie preraNA kI srota banatI hai| susaMskAroM ke nirmANa kI isI yAtrA meM caritrahInatA ko miTAne tathA caritra vikAsa ko protsAhana dene ke prayAsa bhI calate rahate haiN| susaMskAroM ke nirmANa kI yaha yAtrA eka janma taka bhI sImita nahIM hotI hai| jaise manuSya Ate rahate haiM aura jAte rahate haiM, para sRSTi satata calatI rahatI hai, usI prakAra yaha yAtrA bhI janma janmAntaroM taka calatI rahatI hai| isakI nirantaratA kabhI TUTatI nahIM hai| karma siddhAnta kI sthiti ko lekara anuvekSika zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| yaha zabda Aja ke vaijJAnika jagat meM spaSTa rUpa se A cukA hai| bhArata meM janme DaoN.khurAnA ke bAda bhI 'jIna' para aneka vaijJAnika anusaMdhAna kiye jA rahe haiM tathA AnuvAMzika prabhAva ke kSetroM kI parakha kI jA rahI hai| jInsa kI sahAyatA se mAnava saMskAroM kA hI adhyayana nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai, balki kRSi Adi kSetroM meM isake saphala prayoga bhI kie jA rahe haiN| kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki saMskAroM ke nirmANa, udgama, svarUpa, phailAva, jamAva Adi vibhinna paristhitiyoM para vaMzAnukrama kA kitanA aura kaisA asara hotA hai tathA usa asara ko prabhAvita kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai-isakA bhI adhyayana cala rahA hai| saMskAra nirmANa kI prakriyA meM isase naye AyAma jur3a sakeMge aura kaise bhI saMskAroM ko susaMskAroM meM rUpAntarita karane ke prabhAvakArI upAyoM kI upalabdhi kI jA skegii| vaMza paramparA se Ane vAle saMskAroM ko caritra vikAsa ke anukUla bhI banAyA jA skegaa| susaMskAroM ke nirmANa kA patha prazasta ho, susaMskAroM kA sarvatra pUMjIkaraNa bane tathA vaha caritra vikAsa ke rUpa meM kAryazIla bana kara vyakti evaM samAja ke jIvana meM zubha evaM sukhada parivartana lAve-Aja aise saghana prayatnoM kI apekSA hai| yaha jJAtavya hai ki saMskAroM kA nirmANa ekAkI nahIM hotA, vaha parasparatA kA pariNAma hotA hai| samAja ke vizAla kSetra meM jo zubhAzubha gatividhiyAM calatI hai-ghAta-pratighAta hote haiM, unakA prabhAva 'maiM, tuma aura saba' para par3atA hai aura yahIM se saMskAroM kI utpatti hotI hai| ye saMskAra hI bigar3atesudharate-badalate hue pIr3hI dara pIr3hI calate rahate haiM jaba taka ki koI AmUlacUla parivartana nahIM A 342

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zreSTha zikSA, saMskAra se sAmarthyavAna va guNI vyaktitva kA nirmANa jAtA hai| tabhI to zizu jo janma letA hai, vaha bhI nirguNa nahIM hotaa| phira janma se vaha guNa kahAM se lAtA hai? isase spaSTa hotA hai ki vyakti kevala apane meM se hI nahIM, parasparatA meM se vaha letA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki vaha guNa pArasparikatA se letA hai aura guNa lAtA hai rakta se-AnuvAMzikatA se| ye saMskAra mAtA-pitA ke hote haiM aura mAtA-pitA ke saMskAra unake mAtA-pitA se aura isa prakAra krama kA silasilA antahIna hotA hai| saMskAroM kI zrRMkhalA ke viSaya meM vaijJAnika DArvina kI apanI thyorI hai ki saMskAra pazu se Adi-mAnava meM aura phira jAge se Age panapate rahe haiN| kintu sAMskRtika thyorI yaha nhiiN| jaba bhI Adi tattvoM se sacetana sRSTi huI taba kahA jA sakatA hai ki bIja rUpa meM sat-citta-Ananda Adi tattva hI garbhita thaa| isa prakAra Adi saMskAra prANI mAtra aura manuSya mAtra meM antarbhUta cinmayatA kA ho jAtA hai-zeSa saba saMskAra usa para Upara se car3he ho sakate haiN| mUla saMskAra yaha divyatA aura cinmayatA hai| ___ jIva apane ko hI do meM bAMTa letA hai aura phira guNAnuguNita hotA jAtA hai| saMskAra dene aura prApta karane kI bhUmikA zAyada yahIM utpanna huii| pahale sva-paratA yA parasparatA nahIM thI, ataH parasparatA ke sAtha hI saMskAritA aaii| saMskAroM ko vyakti dvArA udbhuta mAnA jAtA hai, kintu vAstava meM ve pratitva se paidA hote haiN| puruSa-strI bhAvoM kI yA anyathA parasparatA meM se saMskAra banate aura bigar3ate haiN| una para svAdhikAra kisI kA nahIM hai aura na ve kisI samaya prati nizcita ho pAte haiN| aindrika AdAna-pradAna sampradAna ve mAdhyama haiM, jinase parasparatA sRSTa, puSTa evaM vyakta hotI hai to khaMDita aura bhraSTa bhI hotI hai| saMskAra nirmANa evaM caritra vikAsa ko prabhAvita karane vAle aneka tattva haiM, unameM parasparatA kA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| .. susaMskAroM ke nirmANa kI yAtrA ke sabhI tattvoM tathA sabhI pahalUoM ko bArIkI se samajhane kI jarUrata hai tAki parimArjana evaM parivartana kI dRSTi spaSTa ho sake aura inase sambandhita prayaloM ko ekajuTa karake sArthaka banAyA jA ske| saMskAra nirmANa se sarizakSA tathA sazikSA se susaMskAra sRjana : __ zikSA ke sAtha saMskAroM ko na jor3a pAne kA khAmiyAjA Aja hamArA deza bhugata rahA hai| isa deza meM chAtroM kI aisI-aisI avAMchita gatividhiyoM ke samAcAra barAbara chapate rahate haiM, jinheM jAna suna kara yaha socanA muzkila ho jAtA hai ki yahAM kabhI zikSA kI gurukula paddhati pracalita thii| Aja ke vidyAlaya, mahAvidyAlaya zikSA aura vidyA ke maMdira haiM athavA rAjanIti ke yuddhasthala, nazebAjI va kukRtyoM ke aDDe aura anuzAsanahInatA ke jIte-jAgate namUne, asaliyata sabhI jAnate haiN| regiMga kI prathA to ucchRkhalatA kI hada hai| zikSAvid aura rAjanetA barAbara bhASaNa dete rahate haiM ki baccoM meM prArambha se zubha saMskAra DAlane cAhie kintu isake lie kyA upAya karane cAhie-koI nahIM batAtAprayAsa kI bAta to bahuta dUra kI hai| bAlyAvasthA se hI susaMskAra DhAlane kA kArya zurU ho jAnA cAhie tAki caritra nirmANa kI tabhI se zurUAta ho jAya to caritra vikAsa chAtra jIvana tathA Age ke jIvana meM Ane vAlI sArI burAiyoM 343

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sucaritram se bacA sake, kintu abhibhAvaka bhI dAyitvahIna ho rahe haiN| ve socate haiM ki caritra nirmANa kA kArya zikSaka aura zikSaNa saMsthAoM kA hai| zikSaka aura zikSaNa saMsthAe~ aba zikSA ko sevA nahIM, vyApAra mAnane lagI haiN| kula milAkara deza kI naI pIr3hI ke caritra nirmANa kI jimmedArI koI nahIM or3ha rahA hai| saMskAroM kA AdhAra nahIM hai taba bhI zikSA to haiM, para vaha satzikSA nahIM hai aura satzikSA nahIM hai to bhaviSya ke lie sasaMskAroM ke sajana kA aura caritra vikAsa kA mahada kArya upekSita hai| isa daScakra ko toDanA hogA aura sabhI sambandhita vargoM ko apanA dAyitva samajhanA hogaa| saMskAra evaM zikSA ko jor3anA to hogA hI, kintu usase pahale usa vAtAvaraNa se saMgharSa karanA hogA jo caritra nirmANa evaM vikAsa ke lie bAdhaka hI nahIM, ghAtaka bhI banA huA hai| saMskAravihIna zikSA eka abhizApa se kama nahIM to zikSA kA bhI pradhAna lakSya nirdhArita honA cAhie saMskAroM kA saMcAra tathA caritra kA nirmaann| __saMskAra nirmANa aura satzikSA kA sammilita uddezya honA cAhie-caritrazIla mAnava kA sRjana tathA aise sAmAjika jIvana kI racanA, jisameM mUlyavattA evaM guNavattA kA sthAna sarvopari ho| sAmAjika jIvana meM naitikatA kA mUlya saba samajheM aura vyAvahArika jIvana meM usakA pAlana ho, aisI saMskAritA sthAI bananI caahie| sAmAjika jIvana ke tIna AdhAra stambha hote haiM-1. pArasparikatA yA parasparatA, 2. naitikatA evaM sahanazIlatA tathA 3. mAnavIya sambandhoM kI taralatA evaM paalniiytaa| naitikatA kI samajha bhI Aja adhUrI hai-usake AdhAra tattvoM kI spaSTatA jarUrI hai tAki unheM zikSA kI kisI bhI yojanA meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna diyA jA ske| naitikatA ke AdhAra stambhoM ko kisI prakAra kI saMkucitatA se nahIM jakar3anA cAhie, balki aisA sArvajanika rUpa diyA jAnA cAhie ki usameM sabhI vikAroM evaM sabakI bhAvanAoM kA samAveza ho| naitikatA ko patha bhraSTa karane aura isa rUpa meM saMskAritA tathA zikSA ko bigAr3ane kA doSa Aja ke artha yuga ko pramukha rUpa se diyA jA sakatA hai| artha kI upayogitA ko nakArane kI bAta nahIM hai, kintu use jisa tRSNA aura lAlasA ke sAtha jIvana kA sAdhya mAna liyA gayA hai, usI dUSita manovRtti evaM vikRta vAtAvaraNa ne sabhI vargoM meM eka prakAra kI arAjakatA-sI phailA dI hai-mAtApitA ko apane hI kAryakalApoM kA bhAna nahIM to unake pAsa satsaMskAra hai kahAM? zikSakoM ko bhI jIvana kI vahI sArI sukha sAmagrI cAhie jo naukarazAha har3apate haiM to caritra nirmANa aura zikSA kI racanAtmakatA para unakA dhyAna kaise kendrita ho? zikSaNa saMsthAeM vyApAra kI maMDiyAM bana cukI haipaisA do, praveza lo aura pddh'o| samAja nAyakoM ko ThekedArI se hI phursata nahIM hai, ve saMskAroM aura zikSA kI zubhatA ko kaise samajheM? aura bace dharmanAyaka jo yazalipsA ke cakra meM aise bhramita haiM ki ve apanA caritra TaToleM yA dUsaroM kA? yoM artha ke AkarSaNa ne sArI vyavasthA ko hI paTarI se nIce utAra dI hai| aise meM caritra kI bAta karanA aura caritra vikAsa ko bar3hAvA denA kamara kasa kara calane ke saMkalpa ke binA saMbhava nahIM ho sakatA hai| naitikatA, Arthika pavitratA aura sadAcAra ke prati niSThA jagAnI hogI jo tabhI hogA jaba tRSNA ke bhISaNa duSpariNAmoM se sAmAnyajana ko avagata karAyA jaae| krAnti jar3a se uThanI caahie| isa krAnti se hI saMskAra aura zikSA kA dveta TUTa pAegA aura 344

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zreSTha zikSA, saMskAra se sAmarthyavAna va guNI vyaktitva kA nirmANa donoM ke pahale 'sat' vizeSaNa laga paaegaa| saMskAra nirmANa se satzikSA tathA satzikSA se susaMskAroM ke sRjana kA krama satata rUpa se calatA rahanA caahie| zikSA kA uddezya hI caritra vikAsa, tabhI to kahA hai-'sA vidyA yA vimuktaye': zikSA kA pramukha uddezya hI yaha hai ki jIvana ke prAraMbhika kAla meM acchI AdateM DhAlI jAe, acche saMskAra nirUpita kie jAe aura aise caritra kA nirmANa kiyA jAe, jo acchI nAgarikatA kI kSamatA kA vikAsa kara ske| kevala jIvikA nirvAha kI kSamatA jIvana ko sArthaka nahIM banA sakatI hai, kintu Aja kI zikSA to yaha bhI nahIM kara pA rahI hai| mAnava caritra ke navarUpa kI taiyArI karane kA samaya A gayA hai jisakA AdhAra honA cAhie dharma aura vijJAna kA sAmaMjasya athavA bhautikatA evaM AdhyAtmikatA kA samanvaya tathA yahI AdhAra zikSA ko diyA jAnA caahie| isa prakAra kI zikSA se jo nayA vyaktitva janma legA vaha caritra kA vikAsa karate rahane meM paryApta rUpa se kSamatAvAna bhI hogaa| - vaha zikSA hI kaisI, vaha jJAna hI kyA aura kisa prakAra kI hai vaha vidyA, jo AcaraNa kA rUpa na letI ho caritra nirmANa ko protsAhita na karatI ho? kriyAhIna korI vidyA kA kyA mUlya hai? jo jIvana kI ber3iyAM nahIM tor3a sakatI ho, sAre bandhanoM ko haTA dene kI kSamatA paidA nahIM kara sakatI ho, vaisI vidyA bandhyA hai, vaisI zikSA niSphala hai aura vaisA jJAna nirarthaka hai| maharSi manu ne vidyA kI - sArthakatA ko spaSTa karate hue ucita hI kahA hai ki vidyA vahI hai, jo hameM vikAroM se mukti dilAne vAlI ho (sA vidyA yA vimuktaye), hameM svataMtra karane vAlI ho, hamAre bandhanoM ko tor3ane vAlI ho| mukti kA artha hai-svataMtratA, bandhana mukti| sAmAjika kurItiyoM, pArivArika kusaMskAroM, dhArmika aMdhavizvAsoM, pArasparika galataphahamiyoM aura mAnasika AzaMkAoM Adi se-jinase bhI vaha jakar3A huA ho-unase chuTakArA pAnA hI saccI svataMtratA hai| zikSA aura kuzikSA ke antara ko AMka pAnA bhI jarUrI hai| yadi kisI ne adhyayana karake caturAI, Thagane kI kalA aura dhokhA dene kI vidyA sIkhI hai to kahanA cAhie ki usane zikSA nahIM, kuzikSA pAI hai| kuzikSA azikSA se bhI jyAdA bhayAnaka hotI hai| isIlie zikSA ke vAstavika lakSya ko dhyAna meM le| mUlataH yaha lakSya hai ajJAna ko dUra krnaa| ajJAna hai apane Apako nahIM jAna paanaa| manuSya meM jo zArIrika, mAnasika tathA Atmika zaktiyAM maujUda haiM aura jo ajJAna ke nIce dabI huI hai, unheM prakAza meM lAnA tathA samucita caritra kA nirmANa karanA zikSA kA dAyitva hai| zikSA ke phalasvarUpa jIvana meM susaMskAra utpanna hote haiM aura jIvana kI sabhI zaktiyoM ke vikAsa ke sAtha aisI kSamatA phUTatI hai jisake dvArA mAnava caritra kA zreSThatama svarUpa saMvArA jAtA hai| tabhI zikSA ko saphala kaha sakate haiN| saphala zikSA vyakti ko jIvana kI saphalatA kA mUla maMtra pradAna karatI hai jo hai-vinmrtaa| nIti meM kahA gayA hai ki vidyA vinaya detI hai, vinaya se pAtratA milatI hai, pAtratA se dhana prApta hotA hai aura dhana se dharma tathA dharma se sukha milatA hai (vidyA dadAti vinayaM, vinayAt yAti pAtratAm: pAtratvAM dhanamApnoti, dhanaM dharma tataH sukhm)| vinaya ko vidyA prApti kA carama lakSya mAnA jA sakatA hai| 345

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sucaritram cAritrika vyaktitva ke samagra vikAsa hetu zikSA praNAlI kA nirdhAraNa : saMsAra kA ghaTaka hai vyakti aura vyakti kI pahacAna hotI hai usake vyaktitva se| yaha vyaktitva nirmita hotA hai zArIrika, mAnasika evaM Atmika guNoM ko AcaraNa meM utArane se jise samuccaya meM cAritrika vyaktitva kA nAma diyA jA sakatA hai| pAzcAtya vicArakoM ne jahAM vyaktitva vikAsa ke lie bAhya pratIkoM-jaise vezabhUSA, ziSTAcAra, bauddhikatA Adi ko vizeSa mahattva diyA hai, vahAM paurvAtya vicArakoM ne mAnavIya mUlyoM evaM Antarika guNoM ko vyaktitva kA pradhAna aMga mAnA hai| bhartRhari ne apane grantha nItizataka (63) meM dhairya, sahiSNutA, AtmaniyaMtraNa, vANI cAturya, karttavyaniSThA Adi ko mahAn vyaktitva ke ghaTaka guNa kahA hai, vahAM jaina AcAryoM ne vyaktitva ko prabhAvazAlI, lokapriya evaM sadAcAra sampanna banAne ke lie ikkIsa sadguNoM para vizeSa bala diyA hai, jinameM udAratA, svabhAva saumyatA, karuNAzIlatA, vinaya, nyAyapriyatA, kRtajJatA, dharmaniSThA Adi sammilita haiM (pravacana sAroddhAra dvAra 238, gAthA 1365-58) / zikSA kA artha kevala pustakIya jJAna nahIM hai-use vyaktitva kA sarvAMga vikAsa karanA caahie| akSara jJAna zikSA kA eka aMga mAtra hai| zikSA kA phalita hai-jJAna aura AcAra tathA buddhi aura caritra kA samagra vikaas| Adhanika zikSA zAstriyoM-phrobela. DIvI. maoNnTesarI Adi ne vibhinna zikSA praNAliyoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, kintu mukhya rUpa se zikSA praNAlI ke do hI prakAra hote haiM-1. agamana (iMDakTiva) aura 2. nigamana (ddiddkttiv)| agamana praNAlI meM zikSaka apane chAtroM ko koI siddhAnta yA viSaya samajhAtA hai aura ve use samajha lete haiM-kaMThastha kara lete haiN| pUchane para samajhA huA bola yA likha diyA jAtA hai| nibandhAtmaka praznottara isI praNAlI ke antargata Ate haiN| nigamana praNAlI meM pahale pariNAma yA phala batAkara phira siddhAnta nizcita kiyA jAtA hai| isa praNAlI meM uttara chAtroM se nikalavAe jAte haiM jisase unakI buddhi evaM yogyatA kA paricaya milatA hai| laghu uttarIya prazna isa praNAlI ke antargata hai| donoM praNAliyAM apane-apane DhaMga se jJAna aura buddhi ke vikAsa ke sAtha vyaktitva kA vikAsa karatI hai| ___ yahAM prAcIna jaina zikSA praNAlI kA ullekha dizA sUcaka hogA, jisameM uparokta donoM praNAliyoM ke tattva samAe hue haiN| unase adhika vizeSatA yaha bhI hai ki jaina praNAlI meM ziSya kI pAtratA, usakA vinaya caritra evaM usakI AdatoM-antarhadaya kI bhAvanAoM Adi para bhI dhyAna kendrita kiyA jAtA thaa| samagra lakSya thA tejasvI vyaktitva (DAyanamika parsaneliTI) kA nirmaann| jaina praNAlI ke anusAra zikSA do prakAra kI hai 1. grahaNa zikSA : zAstroM kA jJAna, zuddha uccAraNa, paThana, artha, bhAvArtha aadi| 2. AsevanA zikSA : niyamoM kA pAlana, vratoM kA AcaraNa, doSoM kA parimArjana, nirmala caritra aadi| donoM vidhiyAM milakara sarvAMga evaM sampUrNa zikSA kA svarUpa banAtI hai| zikSA prArambha kI avasthA sAmAnya rUpa se pAMca varSa se mAnI gaI hai tathA zikSaNa kAla meM chAtra kI pAtratA tathA yogyatA kI parIkSA lI jAtI thii| pAtratA ke ATha guNa nirdhArita the-hAsya na karanA, indriya damana karanA, marma 346

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zreSTha zikSA, saMskAra se sAmarthyavAna va guNI vyaktitva kA nirmANa vacana na bolanA, zIlavAna, caritra niSThA, rasalolupa na honA, krodha nahIM karanA tathA satyabhASI honA (uttarAdhyayana, 11/4-5 ) / zikSA prApti meM pAMca bAdhaka kAraNa mAne gae ahaMkAra, krodha, pramAda (nidrA, vyasana) roga, Alasya (uttarAdhyayana 11-3) / jaina zikSA paddhati meM vinaya aura anuzAsana ko sarvAdhika mahattva diyA gayA hai aura saMskAra va samarpaNa ko AdhAra mAnA hai| kahA gayA hai-guru kI AjJA mAnanA, gurujanoM ke samIpa rahanA, unake manobhAvoM ko samajhanA evaM tadanusAra AcaraNa karanAye vinIta ke lakSaNa haiM (uttarAdhyayana, 1-2 ) / vinaya ke rUpa meM vidyArthI ke anuzAsana, rahana-sahana, vyavahAra, bolacAla Adi sabhI viSayoM para bar3I sUkSmatA se vicAra kiyA jAtA thaa| usa paddhati kI praznottara zailI bhI jijJAsA ko protsAhita karatI thI / zreSTha samAdhAnoM kA bhI usameM samAveza thaa| jaina zikSA paddhati meM vidyArthI kI cAritrika vizeSatAoM para gaMbhIratA se vicAra kiyA gayA tathA tatsambandhI pandraha guNoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA - 1. namratA, 2. acapalatA, 3. daMbhI nahIM honA, 4. kautUhala se dUra, 5. nindA nahIM karanA, 6. krodha para niyaMtraNa, mana meM bhI zAnti 7. mitratA nibAhanA, kRtajJa honA, 8. jJAna prApti para ahaMkAra nahIM, 9. kisI kI bhUla kA na tiraskAra, na upahAsa 10. mitroM - sAthiyoM ke sAtha akrodha, 11. mitra ke sAtha anabana para bhI burA nahIM socanA, nindA nahIM karanA, bhalA hI karanA, 12. kalaha, vivAda, jhagar3oM se dUra, 13. svabhAva se ziSTa, kulIna, mRdu, 14. bure kAma meM zarma mahasUsa karane vAlA evaM 15. apane Apako saMyata evaM zAMta rakhanA (uttarAdhyayana, 11/10-14 ) / Aja hama ikkIsavIM zatAbdI meM pahuMca gaye haiM, isa kAraNa aba taka ke vikAsa, vartamAna paristhitiyoM evaM bhAvI AvazyakatAoM ko dhyAna meM rakha kara naI zikSA paddhati kA gaThana aba kiyA jAnA cAhie, jisameM prAcIna evaM arvAcIna praNAliyoM ke zreSTha guNoM kA samAveza ho / Aja saphala jIvana kI kyA cAritrika AvazyakatAeM haiM- isa para vicAra kreN| jIvana sAta aMgoM kI samaSTi kA nAma hai jo haiM- zarIra, zvAsa, prANa, mana, bhAva, karma aura buddhi / ina sAta aMgoM kI unnati aura puSTi para dhyAna deM to moTe taura para jIvana kI AvazyakatAeM ubharatI haiM-prazikSaNa ( mAnasika, zArIrika Adi), abhyAsa saMskAra - AropaNa evaM caritra nirmaann| inakI pUrti se jIvana kI gatizIlatA, nirmalatA aura upayogitA vikasita hogii| naI batAI jAne vAlI zikSA paddhati meM ina mUla tattvoM kA dhyAna rahe - 1. roTI jIne kI pahalI zarta hai ataH nItipUrvaka jIvikopArjana kI gAraMTI, 2. viSayoM kI prAthamikatA meM bhASA, gaNita, kalA, itihAsa, bhUgola, vijJAna Adi kA itanA kama se kama se adhyayana ki nirvAha kSamatA bane aura uccatara adhyayana vizeSajJatA ke lie, 3. anAvazyaka viSayoM ko nikAlanA tathA Avazyaka viSayoM ko jor3anA jo nIti aura caritra ko svasthatA evaM dRr3hatA dene vAle ho, 4. uccatara zikSA ke liye cayana abhiruci evaM yogyatA ke anusAra hI, 5. antarjagat evaM bAhya jagat ke sundara samanvaya kI zikSA kA samAveza, 6. anukUla hI nahIM, pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM bhI zikSA ke upayoga kI vyAvahArikatA kA prazikSaNa, 7. saMskAra bIja ke vistAra tathA pariSkAra kI manodazA kA nirmANa Adi / naI paddhati kI spaSTa rUparekhA ko rASTrIya bahasa ke bAda antima rUpa diyA jAnA caahie| zikSA paddhati 347

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sucaritram 348 kA mUlamaMtra yaha ho ki vyaktigata evaM sAmAjika caritra kA zreSThatama vikAsa ho ske| kSamatA vikAsa kA gura hai ki samAja ko sadA Adarzonmukha rakho : jaba uttama zikSA ho, uttama saMskAra ho to kSamatA uttama bane usameM koI sandeha nahIM / phira bhI usake lie prayatna to apekSita rahate hI haiN| vyakti ke caritra vikAsa ke sAtha sAmAjika caritra bhI eka stara taka unnata honA cAhie jisase cAritrika guNoM ke vistAra kA sundara vAtAvaraNa bana sake / vikAsa ke do pramukha tattva hote haiM - Adarza aura yathArtha / ina tattvoM kI jAnakArI koI kaThina nahIM, hara koI inheM AsAnI se samajha sakatA hai| chAtra kisI parIkSA ke pahale yaha dhAraNA banAkara mehanata se par3hAI karate haiM ki unheM amuka pratizata aMka avazya prApta karane haiN| samajheM, koI chAtra nizcita karatA hai ki use nabbe pratizata aMka lAne haiM to vaha usa lakSya ko sAmane rakhakara par3hatA hai / parantu yaha nizcita nahIM hotA ki vaha apane lakSya ko prApta kara hI le| phira bhI prayAsa usa lakSya kA karane se vaha lakSya se bahuta pIche to nahIM hI rhegaa| isakA artha yaha hai ki hamArA lakSya Adarza kI UMcAI kI ora hogA to usake pIche yathArtha bhI avazya unnati kregaa| jIvana vikAsa meM bhI ina donoM tattvoM kI AvazyakatA rahatI hai jo samAja va rASTra ke vikAsa ke liye bhI jarUrI hai| hama apanI saMskRti, sabhyatA yA vicAradhArA ke mAdhyama se apane AdarzoM se paricita hote haiM, ataH AsAnI se apanA lakSya nirdhArita kara sakate haiN| yoM lakSya kAlpanika nahIM, vyAvahArika honA cAhiye, phira bhI lakSya prApti AsAna nahIM hogii| apane prayAsa meM prakAza staMbha ke samAna lakSya camakatA rahe aura hama usameM apane nirdhArita patha para calate rahe taba bhI hamArI kSamatA UrjA se bharI rhegii| AdarzoM kI preraNA se umaMga, gati aura kAryazakti bar3hatI jAtI hai| aba yathArtha kI bAta kare / yathArtha athavA Aja kI hakIkata | kisI bhI vikAsa kI prakriyA ho, yathArtha kA Akalana hI spaSTa karatA hai ki hama sAmAnya pragati se bhI kitane pIche haiM yA kyA karane se kahAM taka agrasara ho skeNge| isI AdhAra para vyakti kI nahIM, samAja yA rASTra kI yojanAeM bhI nizcita kI jAtI hai| yathArtha kA nirantara Akalana hamArI kSamatA kA tharmAmITara hotA hai| kahane kA tAtparya yahI hai ki isI rIti-nIti se yadi sadA samAja ko Adarzonmukha banAe rakhe to sAmAnya jana bhI una AdarzoM ke prakAza meM pragati kI gati ko saMtulita banAe rakha sakate haiN| kSamatA ke satata vikAsa ke lie bhI yaha rIti nIti lAbhaprada siddha hogii| dUsare, Adarza yA lakSya ko sAmane rakhate hue gati karane kI sthiti meM apane mArga se kabhI bhaTakAva nahIM hotA hai tathA nirantara gati meM tIvratA AtI rahatI hai / samAja, rASTra yA vizva ke samakSa nirdhArita Adarza bhale asAdhya hI dikheM, phira bhI mAnanA cAhie ki prayAsa kI kasauTI para kucha bhI asAdhya nahIM hotA, balki asAdhya ke samakSa prayAsa kaI gune kaThora ho jAte haiN| utsAha kI koI sImA nahIM hotI aura eka dina vaha aprApya ko bhI prApta kara letA hai| prazna sadA manaHsthiti kA hI mukhya rahatA hai aura manaHsthiti AzA va utsAha se paripUrNa rahe to Adarza yA lakSya use kabhI zithila nahIM hone detA hai| vizvAsa pUrvaka yaha kaha sakate haiM ki kSamatA vikAsa kA koI kAragara gura hai to vaha hai samAja ko sadA Adarzonmukha rakho aura vyakti ko use pA lene kI saMkalpabaddhatA ke sAtha utsAhita banAte raho /

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zreSTha zikSA, saMskAra se sAmarthyavAna va guNI vyaktitva kA nirmANa uttama saMskAra, zikSA va kSamatA caritra vikAsa ke mUla bhI haiM aura phala bhI : ___ uttama saMskAra, zikSA aura kSamatA kA sadbhAva caritra vikAsa ke pahale bhI cAhie aura bAda meM bhii| yadi pahale se ye tattva samAja ke vAyumaMDala meM vidyamAna haiM to caritra vikAsa kI zreSThatA atulanIya hogii| to ye isa prakAra caritra vikAsa ke mUla hoNge| yadi ye tattva pahale durbala hue to kaThora prayAsa kI AvazyakatA hogI aura caritra vikAsa ke phala rUpa meM ina tattvoM kI prApti ho sakegI arthAt caritra vikAsa se saMskAra, zikSA tathA kSamatA meM uttamatA kA saMcAra hogaa| mUla aura phala donoM uttama raheM to paramparA uttama banegI, sabhyatA va saMskRti samunnata hogii| 349

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350 dhanabala, bAhubala va sattA kI tAkata kA sadupayoga caritravAna hI karegA dharmarahita vijJAna se caritra kA nAza vijJAna ne apAra bhautika vikAsa kiyA kintu vaha vivekahIna siddha huA hai, kyoMki sAtha-sAtha mAnava ko vijJAna kA ceharA nahIM banAyA gayA aura mAnavatA ke mUlyoM se vaMcita mAnava bhI vijJAna ko mAnavIya raMga nahIM de paayaa| yoM vijJAna aura mAnavatA kA samAgama yathArtha nahIM ho skaa| usakA duSpariNAma sAmane hai ki Aja cAroM ora dhana aura sattA ko hathiyAne ke lie bIbhatsa pAgalapana phailA huA hai, sukha-suvidhAoM kI uddAma lAlasAoM ne dharma aura naitikatA kI sArI hadeM pAra kara lI haiM aura sattA nAyaka vijJAna kI sahAyatA se saMhAraka aura adhinAyaka hote jA rahe haiM - unameM sevA bhAva to nahIM hI hai, para unake zAsana meM racanAtmakatA bhI nahIM rahI hai| eka aMgreja kavi ne apanI kAvya racanA 'perADoksa' meM Aja ke virodhAbhAsoM para apanI tIkhI najara pheMkI hai jisakA anuvAda yahAM diyA jA rahA hai itihAsa meM Adhunika samaya kA virodhAbhAsa bar3A vicitra hai unhIM viDambanAoM kA yaha citra hai| hamAre gaganacumbI bhavana haiM UMce se UMce

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M dhanabala, bAhubala va sattA kI tAkata kA sadupayoga caritravAna hI karegA 27

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dhanabala, bAhubala va sattA kI tAkata kA sadupayoga caritravAna hI karegA kintu hamArA svabhAva calA gayA hai nIce se nIce hamArI sar3akeM bana gaI haiM caur3I aura dRSTikoNa saMkar3e ho gaye, kImata nahIM kaur3I hamArI apavyayatA kA pAra nahIM para apanA kahane ko hamAre pAsa koI AdhAra nahIM hama vastueM kharIdate haiM anApa zanApa parantu unakA surava uThA nahIM pAte khuda aap| hamAre pAsa bahuta bar3e-bar3e ghara haiM lekina parivAra choTe se choTe jisameM bhI apanApA beghara hai surava-suvidhAeM pracura haiM para samaya kA sAtha nahIM baiThatA sura hai jAnakArI aura jJAna bahuta bar3hA liyA parantu nirNaya zakti ghaTa rahI hai vizeSajJatA hara kSetra meM ho gaI kintu samasyAoM se dharatI paTa rahI hai| auSadhiyAM to asaMvya ho gaI haiM para svAsthya aura nIrogatA jaise rakho gaI hai hamane apanI sampatiyAM kara lI kaI gunA parantu ghaTa gaye haiM apane hI mUlya Adarza raha gayA hai anasunA . hama bAteM bahuta banAte cikanI-cupar3I para muzkila se karate haiM kabhI pyAra basa, baDha baDhakara napharata ke tIra calAte bhAMta-bhAMta ke maravauToM kA kara liyA prcaar| hamane sIkhA hai acche se rahanA-sahanA kintu AyA nahIM jIvana kA bhAva adhika varSa to jIne lage haiM / para jIvana ke varSoM ko| jIvanta banAne kA nahIM taav| hama TheTha candramAM taka bhI pahuMca gaye aura lauTa Aye sakuzala para naye paDausI se milane ko eka galI pAra karane kA nahIM lagAte bala 351

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sucaritram yoM to hamane antarikSa ko jIta liyA para jIta na pAe apanA hI antarhadaya vizeSa aNu ko viravaMDita karate cale gae hama para vaMDita nahIM kara pAe apanA dveSa-vidveSa AmadaniyAM rakhaba baDhAI hamane para naitikatA to TUTa gaI mAtrA kA vistAra kiyA apAra para guNavattA to stUTa gii| yaha aisA ajIba samaya hai ki insAna ho gayA lambA aura caritra bahuta choTA munAphoM kA lagA ambAra cautaraphA lekina saMbaMdhoM kA rUpa bahuta vottaa| vizva zAMti kI bAteM kI jAtI hai kintu deza-deza meM macA saMgharSa bahuta pramAda, raIsI para nahIM vinoda, nahIM vimarza bhojana ke nikale aneka svAdiSTa prakAra lekina poSaNatA para hI prahAra vivAhoM kI dhUmadhAma kA jamAnA para talAkoM kA AMkar3A bar3ha gayA makAna bana rahe AlIzAna lekina TUTe gharoM kA malabA una para car3ha gyaa| yaha aisA yuga hai| jaba pradarzanoM meM to sampannatA divAI jAtI hai| ADambara aura diravAvoM kI bAteM siravAI jAtI hai para ravAlI hai godAma, rahe anajAna hakIkata bana gaI hai kahAvata'U~cI dukAna, phIkA pkvaan|' 352

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dhanabala, bAhubala va sattA kI tAkata kA sadupayoga caritravAna hI karegA niyaMtraNa - zUnya vijJAna ne dI vilAsitA aura saMhAraka zakti : mAnava samAja ke liye vijJAna pUrI taraha se khoTA sikkA sAbita huA hai - aisA kataI nahIM hai aura aba taka vaijJAnika kSetra kI jo upalabdhiyAM haiM, ve pUrI taraha vikRta aura ghAtaka hI haiM - aisA bhI nahIM hai | jJAna-vijJAna kA kSetra kabhI-bhI mAnava virodhI nahIM hotA, bazarte ki mAnava hI usakA apanI svArthapUrti ke liye zoSaNa na kreN| vijJAna ke sAtha mAnava kI svArtha vRtti ne hI bhayaMkara khela khelA hai aura usakA durupayoga hI adhika kiyA hai| bhalA karane vAle sAdhana kA bhI durupayoga karake use burA karane vAlA banAyA jA sakatA hai, phira usa sAdhana ko kosane se burAI ke kAraNa sAmane nahIM AeMge, kyoMki burA to use kahanA hogA jisane acche sAdhana kA durupayoga kiyaa| eka udAharaNa se ise samajheM / mahAtmA gAMdhI ke hAthoM takalI kA prayoga bddh'aa| carakhA sabhI hamezA sAtha nahIM rakha sakate aura unhoMne sUta kAtane ko eka naitika maryAdA pradAna kI, ataH takalI kA prayoga usa samaya bahuta bar3hA bhii| to takalI kI khAsa bAta batAveM / takalI kA kAma zuddha rUpa se sUta kAtanA hai aura yaha acchA prayoga hai| aba aise zuddha sAdhana kA durupayoga karake koI duSTa vyakti usa takalI ko kisI kI AMkha meM ghuser3a kara use phor3a de to isameM takalI kA kyA doSa hogA? doSa hai pUrA usa duSTa : vyakti kaa| yahI tarka vijJAna ke sAtha bhI lAgU hotA hai| yaha nahIM hai ki vijJAna kA prayoga mAnava samAja kI sukha zAnti ke lie aba taka huA hI nahIM hai / pahie se lekara kampyUTara taka vijJAna ne AvAgamana, sUcanA, samparka, vyApAra, vyavasAya Adi ke itane sazakta sAdhana die haiM ki jisase mAnava samudAya kA samparka hI ghaniSTha nahIM huA hai, balki ekatA, sahayoga Adi ke sUtra bhI majabUta hue haiN| aNu zakti kI hI bAta kreN| isake bAre meM sAmAnya yahI hai ki aNu se banane vAle bama evaM anya astra sarva saMhArakArI haiM aura yaha vijJAna kI ghAtaka upaja hai| isameM bhI rahasya vahI hai / aNu ke zAntipUrNa upayoga ke bhI aneka sAdhana haiM aura unase mAnava jAti kA kAphI upakAra ho sakatA hai| aise zAntipUrNa upayoga ho bhI rahe haiM, lekina unakI cAla dhImI hai aura ANavika astroM ke utpAdana kI cAla teja hai kyoMki bar3e rASTroM ke zAsaka aNu zakti ke mAdhyama se pUre vizva para apanA dabadabA banAnA cAhate haiN| kisI bhI acche sAdhana ke bhI. durUpayoga kI AzaMkA taba bahuta bar3ha jAtI hai jaba usa sAdhana ke utpAdana va upayoga para vyakti aura samAja kA niyaMtraNa nahIM hotaa| aNuzakti kA bhI yahI hAla hai| isa para svArthI zAsakoM kA niyaMtraNa hai| sahI sAmAjika niyaMtraNa kA abhAva hai| saca to yaha hai ki sampUrNa vaijJAnika pragati para hI kabhI sahI sAmAjika niyaMtraNa nahIM rahA / niyaMtraNa zUnya sthiti ne hI vijJAna ke durUpayoga kI khulI chUTa dI aura isa kSetra meM jisakI lAThI usakI bhaiMsa banatI rhii| phalasvarUpa vaijJAnika khojoM ke AdhAra para aise sAdhana nikAle gae, jinake kAraNa na to vijJAna ko mAnavIya ceharA milA aura na mAnava samAja kI vAstavika pragati hetu vaijJAnika khojoM kA upayoga huaa| adhikAMza meM vijJAna kA jo svarUpa mAnava samAja ke sAmane AyA use do rUpoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai 1. vilAsitA vardhaka : itane sabhI prakAra ke upakaraNa nikale haiM jinase ghara kI rasoI se lekara kampanI ke daphtara taka AdamI ko ArAma hI ArAma milane lagA hai aura isa ArAma kA jyAdA 353

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sucaritram matalaba yahI nikalA hai ki manuSya paMgu ho gayA hai-usakI prakRti para AdhArita jIvanacaryA samApta ho gaI aura usakA svAsthya bhI caupaTa ho gyaa| vaha vilAsI bana gayA-tana bigar3A, mana bigar3A aura yoM pUrA jIvana bigar3A / prApta sukha sAdhanoM kA vaha svAmI nahIM banA, balki unakA dAsa ho gyaa| usane svAvalambana khoyA, svataMtratA gumAI aura svAbhimAna dduboyaa| mAnavatA ke mUlya gire, sAmAjika sahayoga miTA aura svArtha ke zikaMje ne saba kucha Dhaka liyaa| sabhyatA aura saMskRti ke mAnadaMDa badala gae, rahana-sahana ke DhaMga badala gae aura aisI phaizana kA phailAva huA jisakA AntarikatA se dUra-dUra kA bhI nAtA nhiiN| vijJAna kI vilAsitA vardhaka pragati ne dhanI ko adhika dhanI aura garIba ko jyAdA garIba banA diyaa| garIboM kI saMkhyA nirantara bar3hatI rahI hai balki eka kAlpanika garIbI kI rekhA se bhI nIce jIvanayApana karane vAle logoM kA bhI eka bahuta bar3A varga khar3A ho gayA hai| sabase burI bAta to yaha huI hai ki dhanI varga ne yena-kena-prakAreNa dhanArjana ke hathakaMDe apanAe to majabUra bahusaMkhyaka varga bhI aparAdha aura hiMsA kI ora mur3ane lgaa| isa prakAra samAja ke sabhI kSetroM meM viSamatA kI khAiyAM khuda gaI haiN| 2. saMhAraka : vijJAna kA patana-kAraka eka rUpa hai to yaha dUsarA rUpa ghAtaka hai| mAnava vinAza ke itane zastrAstroM kA ambAra lagA hai ki kauna kaba ANavika zastroM kA baTana dabA de aura narasaMhAra ke bhISaNa dRzya sAmane A jaave| eka ora dhana kamAne kI daur3a hai to usase bhI jyAdA pAgala daur3a hai sattA pAne aura usa para kabjA jamAe rakhane kI aura isa daur3a meM zAmila haiM dezoM ke zAsana nAyaka aura sttaadhiish| inameM bhI kucha bar3e deza pUrI duniyA para rAja karane ke sapane dekhate haiM jo maukA Ane para vijJAna kI sArI saMhAraka zakti kA prayoga karane meM nahIM hickicaaeNge| yaha maukA kaba Ave yA kaba lAyA jAegA, koI nahIM batA sktaa| vartamAna paristhitiyoM kA vizleSaNa karate hue yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki cAhe vijJAna kA sattA svArthI zAsakoM dvArA durUpayoga hI kiyA gayA ho athavA kiyA jA rahA ho, para Aja kI tArIkha aura . tavArIkha meM vijJAna vilAsitAvardhaka tathA saMhAraka hI siddha ho rahA hai aura isakA mukhya kAraNa hai samucita prabhAvazAlI niyaMtraNa kA abhaav| isa dRSTi se mUla meM samasyA vijJAna nahIM balki svArtha hai jisa para jaba taka mAraka prahAra nahIM hogA taba taka vijJAna ke durUpayoga ko roka pAnA bhI zAyada hI saMbhava ho ske| yahAM Akara isa satya ko svIkAra karanA hogA ki vyakti jaba apanA caritra kho detA hai aura samAja meM bhI caritrahInatA kA vAtAvaraNa chA jAtA hai taba kisI bhI acchAI ko burAI ke hamale se bacA pAnA kaThina ho jAtA hai| jitanI caritrahInatA gaharatI jAtI hai| utane hI parimANa meM acche sAdhanoM kA bhI mAnavatA ke ahita meM jama kara durUpayoga hone lagatA hai| ata: caritra ko mukhya bindu mAnanA hI hogA aura usake hI sarvatra utthAna ke upAya karane hoNge| sAtha meM yaha vizvAsa bhI pakkA bana jAnA cAhie ki vijJAna ko dharma ke sAtha jor3A jAe tAki sarvAMgINa vikAsa ko gati bhI mile to niyaMtraNa kI pUra jora zakti bhii| vAhana meM jitanA gati kA mahattva hotA hai, utanA niyaMtraNa (breka) kA bhii| aba vijJAna para pakke breka lagAne kA samaya A gayA hai| 354

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dhanabala, bAhubalava sattA kI tAkata kA sadupayoga dharitravAna hI karegA sattA ke saMga meM tape tapAe netA bhI svacchaMdatA aura bhraSTatA kI ora mur3a jAte haiM___eka dArzanika ne kahA hai ki sattA bhraSTa banAtI hai aura niraMkuza sattA kisI ko bhI pUrI taraha bhraSTa banAkara hI chor3atI hai (paoNvara karapTsa ebsolyUTa paoNvara karapTsa ebsolyuuttlii)| isI kAraNa mahAtmA gAMdhI kA vicAra thA ki aba taka aMgrejoM ne sattA ko jo zAna de rakhI hai, use svataMtra bhArata meM miTA dI jAe aura bhArata kA rASTrapati eka jhopar3I meM rhe| kaiyoM ne isa vicAra kA makhaula ur3AyA aura unake rAjanItika uttarAdhikArI paM. neharU ne bhI zAyada mana hI mana usakA makhaula hI ur3AyA hogA jo unhoMne apane zAsanakAla meM sattA kI zAna jyAdA hI bar3hAI jo bAda meM barAbara isa kadara bar3hatI rahI hai ki Aja kA jana pratinidhi apane vicAra, vyavahAra aura kArya kI dRSTi se tAnAzAha se kama nahIM hotaa| yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki gAMdhI jI kA vicAra avyAvahArika thaa| usa vicAra kA jIvanta udAharaNa bhI logoM ne dekhA hai, uttara viyatanAma ke rASTrapati hocImInha ke rUpa meN| ve jaba bhArata kI rAjakIya yAtrA para Ae the taba adhikArI unakA sAmAna khojane lage aura jaba kahIM koI sAmAna nahIM milA to ve unase pUcha hI baitthe| hocI tanika muskurAeM aura bole-sArA sAmAna * mere apane pAsa hI hai-eka jor3A khAkI penTa aura zarTa tathA pairoM meM TAyara kI cappaleM pahana rakhI hai tathA penTa-zarTa kA dUsarA jor3A mere kaMdhe para TaMge jhole meM hai-bs| ve bhI Akhira usI vakta ke eka rASTra ke rASTrapati hI to the| kintu bhArata meM aisA nahIM huA-usakI tyAgamaya, saralatAmaya aura sahayogamaya saMskRti ke uparAnta bhii| paM. neharU para pAzcAtya prabhAva adhika thA so na to rAjakAja kI zAno-zaukata meM pharka AyA aura na hI rAja karane ke taura-tarIkoM meN| Ama logoM se zAsakoM kI dUriyAM barAbara bar3hatI rahI aura Aja to burA hAla aisA hai ki choTe bar3e sabhI netAoM ko UMce se UMce darje kI surakSA caahie| Ama logoM ke sAtha aMgrejoM kI pulisa kA jo barbara bartAva thA, Aja AdhI sadI gujara jAne ke bAda bhI Ama AdamI pulisa se dahazata khAtA hai-use dosta mAnane kI bAta to kahI bhale hI jAtI hai, amala meM Ane meM zAyada AdhI sadI aura laga jaay| yahAM isa tathya para bala diyA jAnA cAhie ki sattA ko jaba taka sevA kA mAdhyama nahIM banAyA jAegA, sattA mAnava yA samAja kI pUrNa rUpa se hitaiSI kabhI-bhI nahIM bana skegii| kahane ko bhArata meM lokataMtra kI sthApanA huI, saba ko matAdhikAra milA aura cunAva dvArA zAsaka se upaje unmAda ne kisI ko bhI saphala nahIM hone diyA-majabUra matadAtAoM ke matAdhikAra ke sAtha khilavAr3a hotA hai, cunAva paddhati visaMgatiyoM aura vikRtiyoM se bharI par3I hai para koI bhI pArTI use sudhAranA nahIM cAhatI aura isa taraha lokataMtra mAtra eka mukhauTA bana kara raha gayA hai| janatA aura anapar3ha garIba janatA ke bhale kA sapanA kaba taka sirpha sapanA hI banA rahegA koI nahIM jaantaa| sattA ke saMga kA bhArata meM jo asara huA vaha Aja kI aparAdhI rAjanIti aura bhraSTa rAjanetAoM ke rUpa meM bhalIbhAMti AMkA jA sakatA hai| yahAM to svataMtratA-saMgrAma meM mahAtmA gAMdhI jaise Adarza vyaktitva kA netRtva prApta thA, Andolana bhI Atmabala aura ahiMsA para AdhArita thA tathA khAdI ke pratIka se sAdagI kI saMskRti banAI gaI thI, phira bhI sattA ke saMga meM Akara tape tapAe netA bhI 355

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sucaritram svacchaMdatA tathA bhraSTatA kI ora mur3a ge| yahAM taka ki usI mahAtmA ke jIvanakAla meM hI ve usakI antima AjJA ko ThukarA baitthe| noAkhalI kI Aga meM jalane ke lie vaha mahAtmA akelA hI raha gyaa| usake dekhate-dekhate hI zAnadAra sattA kA kuprabhAva saba ora phailane laga gayA thaa| svataMtratA saMgrAma meM phailI naitikatA ko jaba netAoM ne dho DAlI to vaha bhAratIya janatA ke mana-mAnasa se bhI dhulatI gaI aura saba tarapha svacchaMdatA va bhraSTatA kA mAhaula phailatA gyaa| aisA mAhaula kinako rAsa AtA hai aura kitanoM kA satyAnAza kara DAlatA hai-ise kaiyoM ne dekhA aura mahasUsa kiyA hai tathA jAnate to sabhI haiN| isa viSaya meM bhI yahI mAnanA hogA ki caritra jaba patita hotA hai to saba kucha jo acchA hotA hai, patana ke rAste maTiyAmeTa ho jAtA hai| isa deza meM yaha tathya anubhavagamya ho gayA hai aura isa kAraNa se yaha AzA kI jA sakatI hai ki yahAM caritra nirmANa tathA vikAsa kA jo bhI sazakta abhiyAna cher3A jAe vaha avazya prabhAvazAlI siddha hogaa| caritrahInatA se duHkhI logoM kI saMkhyA koI mAmUlI nahIM hai aura yadi bahusaMkhyA jagA dI jAtI hai to caritrahInatA kahIM bhI nahIM ttikegii| sattA se dhana aura dhana se sattA ke duScakra meM sArI acchAiyA~ bheMTa car3hI : kahAvata hai-'sAdhu-santa apane pAsa dhana rakhe to tIna kaur3I kA aura gRhastha ke pAsa dhana na ho to vaha tIna kaur3I kaa|' mantavya sApha hai ki gRhastha yA sAmAnya jana ko apane jIvananirvAha ke lie samucita dhana kI anivAryatA hotI hai| peTa pUrti ke lie dhana cAhie hI, lekina jaba peTI (tijorI) pUrti ke lie vaha saMcita kiyA jAtA hai taba dhana kI prApti kI koI sImA nahIM rahatI hai| pahalI sthiti meM dhana AvazyakatA kA rUpa hotA hai to dasarI sthiti meM vaha taSNA kI pratIka bana jAtA hai| Aja kA yuga artha-yuga kahalAtA hai aura vijJAna ne sukha-savidhAoM ke rUpa meM nakalI AvazyakatAoM kA itanA vistAra kara diyA hai ki dhana kI cAhata zarAba ke samAna ho gaI hai| zarAba jaise jitanI pIte 'jAo, talaba jyAdA se jyAdA kI hotI jAtI hai, usI taraha Aja dhana kI lAlasA aMdhe pAgalapana meM badalatI jA rahI hai| jo dhanI haiM, unheM duniyA bhara kA dhana aura cAhie, jo madhyama vargI hai, unheM bhI bharapUra dhana cAhie tAki sukha-suvidhA ke sAdhanoM ko prApta karane meM dhanI varga se hor3a le ske| yaha madhyama varga daraasala apanI hor3a ke lie galata tarIkoM se dhana kamAne ke kaI anaitika tarIkoM meM lipta rahatA hai| nimna varga kI dazA bhI vicitra hai-abhAvoM se grasta banA huA yaha varga apanI vivazatA meM anIti bhI karatA hai to aparAdha bhii| isa samaya isa Arthika cakra kI agni meM ghI kA kAma kiyA hai rAjanIti ne| svataMtra bhArata meM gAMdhI jI ne rAjanIti ko sevA ke AdhAra para phalane-phUlane kA rAstA banAyA thA tAki rAjanIti ve loga na kara sakeM jo usakA durUpayoga karake apane matalaba pUre karane kI icchA rakhate hoN| jana sevA kA uddezya rahegA to sevAbhAvI vyakti hI rAjanIti ke kSetra meM praveza kara sakeMge-aisA gAMdhI jI kA vicAra thaa| lekina sattA milate hI unake hI anuyAyI unake sevA ke uddezya se mukara ge| unhoMne rAjanIti ko sattA lAbha kA sAdhana banA diyA-pariNAmasvarUpa eka aise duScakra kA janma huA, jisane samUcI vyavasthA kI dhurI hI badala dii| yaha duScakra hai sattA se dhana kamAne aura dhana se sattA pAne kA dussckr| isakA sabhI kSetroM meM aisA . 356

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dhanabala, bAhubala va sattA kI tAkata kA sadupayoga caritravAna hI karegA phailAva huA ki rAjanIti sattA ke galiyAroM se uThakara saba kSetroM para hAvI ho gii| janatA ke cune hue pratinidhi sattA kI kursiyoM para baiThakara isa koziza meM juTa gae ki sattA ke durUpayoga se jyAdA se jyAdA dhana ikaTThA kiyA jAe tAki agale cunAva meM voTa kharIde jAe kisI bhI kImata para aura kisI bhI upAya se tAki phira se sattA kI kursiyoM para kabjA ho jaae| isa prakAra dhana se sattA aura sattA se dhana ke duScakra ko rAjanIti ke hara khilAr3I ne apanA liyaa| deza kA pratyeka nAgarika bhI isa duScakra se achUtA na raha skaa| saba dhana kI lAlasA ke raMga meM apane Apako raMgate cale gaye - cAhe hakIkata meM dhana mile yA na mile lAlasA aura Asakti ne sabako daboca liyaa| Aja isI lAlasA kA phala hai ki rAjanIti meM dhana bala ke bAda bAhubala bhI calA aura bAda meM kaI bAhubaliyoM ne hI rAjanIti meM praveza pA liyA, jisake kAraNa rAjanIti kA aparAdhIkaraNa hotA gayA hai| rAjanIti ke aparAdhIkaraNa kA sIdhA sAdA artha hai aparAdhiyoM kA rAja aura aparAdhiyoM ke varcasva para calane vAle rAjya meM caritrazIlatA kI kaisI aura kitanI durgati ho sakatI hai, vaha Aja sabake sAmane hai| prAcIna sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika paramparAoM kI zreSThatA Aja samApta prAyaH hai| naitikatA to dikhAve taka ke lie bhI nahIM bacI hai - pahale kucha zarma-lihAja ke kAraNa rizvata kA dhana meja ke nIce se chipA kara liyA jAtA thA, aba meja para khule Ama saudebAjI hotI hai aura rizvata dI- lI jAtI hai| rASTra prema kI durAvasthA to dayanIya hai| saca to yaha hai ki rASTrIyatA kA bhAva hI gAyaba hai, phira kaisA rASTra, kisakA rASTra ? dhana mAtra hareka kA hai| rASTra kisI kA nhiiN| dhana kamAne kI pAgala hor3a meM saMbaMdhoM kA saMkaTa bhI gaharAyA hai| dhana ke sAmane rakta saMbaMdha bhI phIke par3a gae haiM aura ApasI sahayoga nAma mAtra kA bacA hai aura to aura saMyukta parivAroM kA saphAyA hotA jA rahA hai| zAdI huI aura ekala parivAra kI zurUAta ho jAtI hai jisase vRddha janoM kA mAna-sammAna, nirvAha aura saMrakSaNa saba kucha khatare meM par3a gayA hai| sAmAjikatA dhana kI isa lAlasA meM chinna-bhinna hotI huI dikhAI de rahI hai| aise meM dharma kA kSetra achUtA kaise raha sakatA thA? yahAM bhI yaza lAlasA aura nAmavarI kI yakSiNI sira mAthe para baiTha rahI hai aura ADambara va pradarzana isa kadara bar3he haiM ki dhana ne dharma ke kSetra meM bhI UMcAI para apanA Asana jamA liyA hai| saMkSepa meM kaheM to yaha hai ki vyakti aura samAja kI adhikAMza acchAiyA~ isa dhana kI aMdhI lAlasA kI bheMTa car3ha cukI haiN| dhana kI pramukhatA kA sarvAdhika ghAtaka prahAra huA hai manuSya kI AntarikatA para, usakI dharma bhAvanAoM para, usakI mAnavIya saMvedanAoM para / Aja manuSya patthara dila hotA jA rahA hai-use apanA hI svArtha dikhatA hai, dUsaroM kA duHkha usakI najaroM se ojhala hai- dayA karuNA use jhakajhoratI nahIM hai| isa badahAlI kI buniyAdI vajaha yahI hai ki dhana ko mAthe para biThA diyA gayA hai jabaki usakI sahI jagaha pairoM meM jUte ke samAna hai| sAdagI aura nIti se jIvanayApana cale yAnI dhana pairoM meM jUte kA kAma kare, lekina agara jUte ko pagar3I kI jagaha sira para bAMdha diyA jAe to use nirA pAgalapana hI to mAnA jaaegaa| Aja aise pAgalapana se adhikAMza loga grasta haiM aura aise meM saba ora caritra ko vikasita kie jAne ke sivAya anya koI kAragara upAya nahIM hai| svastha caritra kA nirmANa aura usakA satata vikAsa Aja kI aisI caritrahInatA kI jvalanta mAMga hai| 357

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sucaritram / caritrahInatA se vyavasthAeM sar3a rahI haiM, AparAdhikatA bace khuce mUlyoM ko nigala rahI hai: - caritrahInatA kA mahAroga pratyeka prakAra kI vyavasthA, jisameM rAjya vyavasthA bhI zAmila hai, ko jakar3atA jA rahA hai| jahAM yaha mahAroga lagA, vahAM karttavya buddhi ko naSTa kara detA hai, caritra aura naitikatA kA nAza tathA samAja ke prati dAyitvahInatA lA detA hai| jahAM bhI jaisI bhI guMjAiza milatI hai, bhraSTatA se svArtha pUrti kI kuceSTA hI lagI rahatI hai| isa para yaha samajhanA jarUrI hai ki vyavasthA kyA hotI hai aura vaha kina kAraNoM se sar3atI yAnI nirarthaka ho jAtI hai? deza yA rAjya kI sarakAra ho, choTA-moTA yA vizva stara taka kA bhI koI saMgaThana ho athavA kisI bhI viSaya se saMbaMdhita samAja, saMsthA yA saMsthAna ho, usa kI vidhivat yA niyamabaddha vyavasthA sthApita kI jAtI hai tAki usakA saMcAlana uddezyapUrti kI nizcita dizA meM eka nizcita lIka para ho| aise hI koI bhI vyakti apanI jIvanacaryA, yahAM taka ki dinacaryA bhI nirdhArita kara sakatA hai, tAki gati evaM pragati kA krama banA rhe| yahI hotI hai aura kahalAtI hai vyavasthA tathA kisI bhI vyavasthita sthiti kI saba ora sarAhanA kI jAtI hai| vyavasthA arthAt vizeSa avasthA, jisakA prArUpa likhita, dhArita, pAramparika yA kaisA bhI ho sakatA hai? yaha satya hai ki vyavasthA ke binA koI bhI saMgaThana yA jIvana vAstavikatA evaM pragatizIlatA nahIM pkdd'taa| yaha satya vyakti se lekara vizva ke sAmudAyika jIvana taka lAgU hotA hai| - kaise bhI svarUpa meM ho, sarvatra vyavasthA banatI hai aura vaha paramparA meM DhalatI hai| kintu vyavasthA ke nirmAtA hI jaba vyavasthA kA durUpayoga karane lage aura use caritra tathA nIti ke stara se nIce girA deM to vaha vyavasthA asaMtulita ho jAtI hai tathA Avazyaka parivartanoM ke abhAva meM sar3ane lagatI hai-janatA kA zubha karane kI apekSA azubhatA kI vAhaka bana jAtI hai| parivartana kisI bhI vyavasthA kI sucArUtA kA dharma hotA hai| jaise rAjanItika vyavasthA ko sucArU rUpa se calAne ke lie saMvidhAna banAyA jAtA hai, para usameM bhI samaya-samaya para vAMchita saMzodhana kiye jAte haiM tAki usa lacIlepana se / usa saMvidhAna kI mUla AtmA kI rakSA bhI ho aura pragati kA krama bhI nahIM ttuutte| yahI vyavasthA cAhe alikhita aura antarbhAvanA para AdhArita ho, para dhArmika kSetra meM bhI hotI hai| vyavasthA sucArU rahe to svArthI jar3eM nahIM pakar3a pAeMge aura sArvajanika hita ko kSati bhI nahIM phuNcegii| vyavasthA kA eka prakAra kA niyaMtraNa hotA hai jo vyakti saMgaThana yA samAja ko patana ke mArga para jAne se rokatA hai| caritrahInatA kA krama eka bAra jaba cala par3atA hai to yaha anumAna lagAnA kaThina ho jAtA hai ki vaha kahAM taka calatA rahegA? aisA hI patana hamAre isI dhArmika kahalAne vAle deza meM ho rahA hai| vyakti aura rASTra kA caritra jaba svArtha kI phisalana para rapaTane lagA to dhana va sattA pAne ke svArtha vizAlakAya hote rahe tathA inake lAlaca meM dhana ne rapaTAyA, phira bAhubala (guMDA-mAphiyA kI tAkata) sAtha lagA aura usake bAda to hadeM hI TUTa gaI-taskaroM, coroM yA DAkuoM ne rAjanIti meM madada denA baMda karake svayaM rAjanIti aura sattA meM praveza kara liyaa| batAyA jAtA hai ki AparAdhika rikArDa vAle cunindA sAMsadoM yA vidhAyakoM kI saMkhyA sirpha aMguliyoM para ginane lAyaka hI nahIM, saiMkar3oM meM haiN| sociye ki kAnUna tor3ane vAle hI jaba kAnUna banAne vAle bana jAeMge taba mAnavatA, nIti yA saMskRti 358

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dhanabala, bAhubala va sattA kI tAkata kA sadupayoga caritravAna hI karaMgA ke mUlyoM kA kyA hogA? rAjanIti ne jaba se sevA kA lakSya chor3akara sattAparaka rUkha apanAyA taba se hI ye mUlya chinna-bhinna hote jA rahe haiM aura rAjanIti ke jarie pUre samAja aura rASTra para bahate jA rahe aparAdhiyoM ke prabhAva se to ye bace khuce mUlya bhI naSTa hone se zAyada hI bceNge| ___ yaha gaMbhIra samaya hai, jaba caritrahInatA ke ghAtaka khatare ko pUrA rASTra mahasUsa kare aura caritra nirmANa tathA vikAsa ke kArya meM aba tanika bhI vilamba nahIM kiyA jaae| yadi aba bhI isa uddezya ke lie jana-jAgaraNa nahIM kiyA to bahuta dera ho jAegI ki aparAdha grastatA se phailI caritrahInatA ko pUrI taraha miTA skeN| bhraSTAcAra Upara se nIce taka aisA phailA ki bezarmI bhI zaramA gaI: ___ kisI bhI rASTra yA samAja meM bhraSTAcAra ke phailAva ke tIna mukhya kAraNa ho sakate haiM-1. vyakti kI apane mUlyoM ke prati saMjJA kaisI hai yAnI kI usake saMskAroM kI dRr3hatA kI sthiti kyA hai? 2. samAja una mUlyoM se kitane aMzoM meM prabhAvita hai? kitane loga dukAna se kucha kharIdane para bila yA rasIda lene kA Agraha karate haiM? isa prakAra anAgrahI loga kyA kAle dhana ko bar3hAne meM madada nahIM karate, jo kAlA dhana bhraSTAcAra kA mUla kAraNa haiM? kitane aise haiM jo apane baccoM ke zikSaNa saMsthA meM praveza ke lie Donezana yA rizvata dene se hicakicAeMge? lagatA hai ki sabhI mUla meM svArthI haiM aura adUradRSTi bhii| isI kA pariNAma hai ki bar3e-bar3e zaharoM meM bijalI kI corI karane vAle jhoMpar3apaTTiyoM meM rahane vAle garIba nahIM, balki ve bar3e-bar3e loga hote haiM jo bar3e-bar3e kArakhAne calAte haiM aura gharoM meM earakaMDizaniMga meM ArAma karate haiN| lekina aise kAmoM ko jAnate hue bhI sabhI loga unheM sahana karate haiM, aisA kyoM? kyA yaha sAmAnya mAnasikatA nahIM bana gaI hai ki jAnate dekhate bhI bhraSTAcArI bartAva ko bardAzta kiyA jAe? 3. tIsarA bar3A kAraNa hai ki rAjya calAne kI vidhi aura vyavasthA kaisI hai? isa deza meM lokataMtra hai| lokataMtra ko rAjanItika daloM kI jarUrata hotI hai tathA daloM ko apanA kAma calAne tathA cunAva lar3ane ke lie phaMDa (dhana) kI jarUrata hotI hai| phaMDa nakada meM ikaTThA kiyA jAtA hai jo jyAdAtara kAlA dhana hotA hai| yoM kAlA dhana sattA ke galiyAroM meM ghusatA hai aura rAjakAja para asara DAlatA hai| phalasvarUpa kAlA dhana bar3hatA hai| jitanA kAlAdhana bar3hatA hai, utanA hI bhraSTAcAra bar3hatA hai| kAlA dhana aura bhraSTAcAra Apasa meM eka dUsare ke lie oNksIjana (prANavAyu) kA kAma karate haiN| kintu jaba Upara se calane vAle vyavasthA ke nIce taka phailAva ke sAtha samUcI vyavasthA meM bhraSTAcAra apanI jar3eM jamA letA hai taba lokataMtra ke tInoM pradhAna staMbha bhI bhraSTAcAra ke kaprabhAva se bace hae kaise raha sakate haiM? isa prakAra rAjya calAne kI vidhi aura vyavasthA bhI bhraSTAcAra se grasta bana jAtI hai| bhraSTAcAra phailatA hai to caritra giratA hai aura jyoM-jyoM bhraSTAcAra adhikAdhika phailatA jAtA hai, tyoM-tyoM caritra-patana kI gaharAI bhI bar3hatI jAtI hai| roga jitanA jaTila, nidAna usase bhI jyAdA kaThina aura cikitsA to bhagIrathI prayatna hI maanie| Aja bhraSTAcAra Upara ke vargoM meM thoka se calatA haA nIce taka chitara gayA hai-vinoda meM bhraSTAcAra ko ziSTAcAra kahA jAne lagA hai to asala meM ise kArya zulka mAnA jA rahA hai| bhraSTAcAra kA sabhI ora, sabhI kSetroM meM phailAva isa kadara bar3ha rahA hai ki 359

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sucaritram .. bezarmI bhI zaramA jaae| hakIkata meM zAsakoM-prazAsakoM meM bhraSTatA kI zarma dhRSTatA kI bezarmI se badala cukI hai aura naukarazAha to janasaMvedanA se aba taka bhI achUte hI haiN| Ama AdamI trasta hai, kuMThita hai aura asahAya hai| eka Akalana ke anusAra bhraSTAcAra ke pAMca dvAra haiM-1. bAbU (klarka, aphasara, naukarazAha), 2. netA (rAjanetA, samAja nAyaka Adi), 3. lAlA (vyavasAyI, udyogapati, vyApArI Adi), 4. jhona (gaira sarakArI saMsthAeM, dalAla, ejenTa Adi) tathA 5. dAdA (aparAdhI, mAphiyA Adi) yoM bhraSTAcAra kI paristhiti banI hai bAbU, netA, lAlA, jholA aura dAdA kI bpautii| bhraSTAcAra ko dUsarA nAma hai beiimaanii| ImAna kA matalaba AntarikatA-AtmA kI aavaaj| jaba kisI bhI kArya kI kriyA-pratikriyA hotI hai taba use karane yA na karane ke bAre meM bhItara se AvAja uThatI hai jo saccI hotI hai, lekina svArtha, lAlaca yA kisI bhI kAraNa vaza vaha AvAja dabA dI jAtI hai aura manamAnI kI jAtI hai| asala meM yahI manamAnI beImAnI hotI hai| isa beImAnI ko bArIkI se samajhane ke liye vikhyAta iMjIniyara ema. vizvesaraiyA kA udAharaNa liyA jA sakatA hai| unakA mAnanA thA ki caritra nirmANa tathA bAMdha nirmANa donoM eka se jimmedArI bhare kAma hote haiN| Aja kA ThekedAra to unakI isa Adata kA makhaula ur3AegA ki vizvesaraiyA apanI jeba meM hamezA do phAunTena pena rakhA karate the-eka sarakArI pena sarakArI kAma ke lie aura dUsarA nijI pena nijI kAma ke lie tathA donoM kA prayoga kaThoratApUrvaka tadanusAra hI kiyA jAtA thaa| eka to yaha udAharaNa hai aura dUsarA Aja kI bhraSTa jalavAyu kA udAharaNa ho sakatA hai| Aja kA koI bhI moTA naukarazAha jo bAhara se caritrazIla hone kA svAMga karatA hai aura bhItara se karor3oM kI rAziyAM DakAra jAne meM bhI kataI paraheja nahIM krtaa| eka pena kI ImAnadArI aura dUsarI karor3oM kI beImAnI-kyA kahA jAe beImAnI ke lie? pichale dinoM aMgrejI ke eka bar3e dainika ne bhraSTAcAra ke zarmanAka AMkar3e diye the ki deza meM zikSaNa saMsthAoM meM praveza pAne ke lie kitanA Donezana yA rizvata denI par3atI hai? namUnA dekhie-nAmavara skUla meM praveza dillI meM 2 lAkha rupaye yA adhika, baiMgalora meM meDikala yA iMjIniyariMga meM 1 se 5 lAkha rUpaye aura paTanA meM isI ke lie 10 lAkha ruupye| prazna patra AuTa karAne ke lie muMbaI meM 1 lAkha rUpaye to paTanA meM 2 lAkha ruu.| sarakArI naukariyAM pAne ke lie dillI meM TrenDa TIcara 2.5 lAkha rU., baiMgalora meM pulisa insapekTara 2 se 5 lAkha rUpaye, caMDIgar3ha meM caparAsI 1 lAkha aura TIcara 4 lAkha rUpaye, paTanA meM hara taraha kI naukarI ke tabAdale ke lie 20 se 50 hajAra ruupye| deza kI aisI durdazA caritrahInatA kI kitanI hadeM pAra kara rahI haiM-atIva gaMbhIratA se socane aura bhAvI kAryakrama nizcita karane kI velA hai| bhraSTAcaraNa ke isa viSaile vAtAvaraNa meM sadAcaraNa kA bIja vapana kaise kiyA jAe, kaise usakA aMkuraNa ho, kaise paudhe panape aura usa para caritra ke phUla mahakeM? yaha Aja hI socanA hogA, kala zAyada bahuta dera ho jaae| caritra ke sarvanAza ke mUla meM hai dhana-sattA lUTane kA pAgalapana : 'vijJAna ne apane naye-naye anusaMdhAnoM evaM AviSkAroM ke mAdhyama se rASTroM, samAjoM evaM anya sabhI prakAra ke saMsthAnoM ke nAyakoM ko avasara diyA ki ve vaijJAnika pragati kA pUrA lAbha uThAte hue sarvatra garIbI, azikSA, pichar3epana Adi se Ama logoM ko chuTakArA dilAne tathA sabako samAnatA ke 360

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dhanabala, bAhubala va sattA kI tAkata kA sadupayoga caritravAna hI karegA AdhAra para khuzahAla banAne ke kAma meM juTa jaaveN| isa taraha vijJAna mAnava jAti ke lie kalyANakArI siddha ho sakatA thaa| isa dizA meM Age bar3hane ke lie dharma aura adhyAtma ke kSetroM kA bhI prabhAva una nAyakoM para zubhadAyaka siddha honA cAhie thA, kintu vaisA nahIM ho sakA tathA katipaya zakti sampanna nAyakoM ne vaijJAnika zakti ko apane sattA svArthoM kI pUrti meM jhauMka dene kA nizcaya kiyaa| phalasvarUpa nagaroM para pahalI bAra aNubama girAe ge| tadanantara bhI zAnti sthApanA ke sthAna para bar3e dezoM ne zastroM kI zakti se laisa hokara vizva vijaya kI kuTila AkAMkSA se zastrotpAdana kI ati kara dii| cAhe pahalI bAra girAe gae aNubama ke bAda dUsarA maukA aba taka nahIM AyA ho lekina duniyA ke kaI bhAgoM meM yuddha kI sthitiyAM banatI rahI haiM aura rASTroM ke bIca tanAva phailatA jA rahA hai| Aja bhI isa sthiti meM khAsa sudhAra nahIM ho pAyA hai| vijJAna dvArA pradatta aise sunahare avasara ko gaMvA dene kA kuphala sAmAnya janatA ke lie hI adhika kaSTakAraka rahA aura nihita svArthiyoM ne dhana aura sattA ko kamAne kI koziza kama rakhI, balki inheM lUTane kA pAgalapana hI una para adhika savAra rhaa| pAgalapana isalie kahanA hogA ki cAroM ora dhana kA saMcaraNa sahI rAstoM se kama aura havAlA. zastrAstra utpAdana. nazIle padArthoM ke kAle jariyoM se jyAdA kiyA jAne lgaa| isakA natIjA yaha huA hai ki saba ora caritra kI vyApaka rUpa se girAvaTa hone lgii| dhanArjana ke sahI rAstoM meM aneka rUkAvaTeM khar3I hotI jAne ke kAraNa gaira kAnUnI rAste jyAdA pakar3e jAne lage aura isa taraha caritrahInatA kA dAyarA bar3A hotA hI rhaa| anIti avaidhAnikatA aura aparAdha caritrahInatA ke mAthe car3ha kara hI to phaila sakate haiM aura vahI jama kara ho rahA hai| dhana aura sattA ko nIti aura vidhi kI sImA meM rahate hue prApta karane kI koziza kI jAe, vaha jAyaja khlaaegii| lekina dhana va sattA ko yena-kena-prakAreNa hathiyAne kI daur3a cala par3e to ritra kA saba kucha acchA khatma ho jAtA hai| yaha Aja pratyakSa ho gayA hai ki dhana va sattA ko lUTa lene ke pAgalapana ne mAnava caritra kA sarvanAza kara DAlA hai aura usakI panapratiSThA ke praya 'prayAsa turanta zurU ho jAnA hI vyakti evaM samAja ke lie zreyaskara hai| pAzcAtya vicAraka semUala eDamsa kA yaha kathana dhyAna meM rakhA jAnA cAhie-'na to buddhimattA pUrNa saMvidhAna aura na hI kuzalatama kAnUna usa deza kI svAdhInatA tathA sukhamayatA kI rakSA kara sakate haiM, jahAM ke logoM kA vyavahAra vyApaka rUpa se bhraSTa ho cukA ho|' svArtha, bhraSTAcAra Adi doSa vaise ghuna haiM, jo vyaktigata yA sAmAjika jIvana ko laga jAveM to usa jIvana kI mUla pUMjI caritrazIlatA ko khokhalI karake hI chor3ate haiM, ataH ina doSoM para kaThora saMkalpa ke sAtha mAraka prahAra karane hoNge| dhana ko dhana ke sthAna para le jAveM aura dharma ko dharma ke sthAna para lAveM: ___caritra nirmANa evaM vikAsa ko Aja eka mAtra uddezya banAne kI AvazyakatA hai, phira jo kucha sAdhana apanAeM jAveM, kAryakrama yA yojanAeM banAI jAveM tathA Andolana yA abhiyAna cher3e jAveM-unheM pahale Thoka bajA kara parakha lenA hogA ki uddezya pUrti kI ora hI ve Age bar3hAeMge-uddezya se bhaTakAeMge to kataI nhiiN| uddezya kA sAra tattva yaha hai ki isa yuga ne dhana (sattA, vilAsa Adi) aura 361

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sucaritram dharma (caritra, naitikatA, karttavya Adi) ke sthAnoM kI jo adalA-badalI kara rakhI hai, use durUsta kI jaay| dhana ko dhana ke sthAna para le jAveM aura dharma ko dharma ke sthAna para laaveN| yaha ullekha ho cukA hai ki sahI taura para dhana kA sthAna jUte ke rUpa meM manuSya ke pAMvoM meM haiM aura dharma kA sthAna pagar3I ke rUpa meM manuSya ke mAthe para honA caahie| kintu Aja ke hAlAta ulTe haiN| dhana to adhikatara logoM ke mAthe para car3hA huA hai yAnI ki unhoMne jUtoM ko sira para bAMdha rakhA hai aura isI taraha dharma pairoM se kucalA jA rahA hai, jaise pagar3I ko geMda banAkara paira use idhara-udhara uchAla kara usakI beijjatI kara rahe hoN| mUla meM dhana aura dharma ko sahI sthAnoM para pahuMcAne kI hI samasyA mukhya hai| isa samasyA ke sahI samAdhAna khojane kI jarUrata hai, kyoMki isa samAdhAna se hI caritrazIlatA kI jyoti prakaTa hogI to aisA samAdhAna bhI caritrabala ke AdhAra para hI nikAlA jA skegaa| kyAkyA ho sakatI haiM aise samAdhAna taka pahuMcane kI rAheM? yahI mukhya vicAraNIya viSaya samajhA jAnA caahie| - sAre saMsAra ko eka mAnava-zarIra kA rUpa mAna leM to dhana ko usameM bahatA huA khUna mAnanA pdd'egaa| zarIra meM khUna kaI vAhiniyoM, nalikAoM Adi dvArA sAre snAyu taMtra meM phailatA aura bahatA rahatA hai| zarIra kA koI bhAga rakta saMcAra se vaMcita nahIM rahatA aura yadi raha jAe to vaha bhAga lakavAgrasta ho jAtA hai| sAtha hI jahAM AvazyakatA se adhika khUna ikaTThA ho jAe to vaha jamakara pUre zarIra ko kaSTita karatA hai| jamA khUna gaThAnoM meM badala jAtA hai, jisakI cIraphAr3a jarUrI hotI hai| Azaya yaha hai ki sarvatra niyamita eka saMcaraNa hI pUre zarIra ko svastha rakha pAtA hai| saMsAra ke zarIra meM yahI rola hotA hai dhana kaa| dhana khUna kI taraha AvazyakatAnusAra sarvatra bahatA rahe to sarvatra saMtoSa aura sukha dikhAI degaa| lekina koI yA kaI bhAga abhAvagrasta raha jAveM to vahAM utanA hI vikSobha aura duHkha phailegaa| sAtha hI kahIM dhana-saMgraha kA silasilA cale to vahAM gaThAneM ubhara AegI, jina para Aja nahIM to kala naztara jarUra calAnA pdd'egaa| gaThAnoM vAlA zarIra kabhI svastha va sukhI nahIM raha sktaa| svAsthya ke abhAva meM kahIM bhI sukha meM sthAyitva bhI nahIM A sakatA hai| sukha nahIM to zAnti nahIM aura zAnti nahIM to caritra vikAsa nirvighna nhiiN| ___ apane-apane jIvana meM aneka manuSyoM ko aise AtmAnubhava hote rahate haiM ki saMsAra ke svAsthya ko bigAr3ane vAlI kuceSTAeM manuSya apanI samajha se nahIM karatA, balki jaise ve usake dvArA karavAI jAtI haiN| kauna karavAtA hai-yaha cauMkane kI bAta nahIM hai| yaha karavAne vAlI usakI svayaM kI vikRta vRttiyAM hotI haiM jo use vivaza kara detI haiN| taba usakA apane hI mana para apanA adhikAra nahIM rahatA aura vaha kisI bhI prakAra adhika se adhika dhana pAne kI lipsA meM phaMsa jAtA hai| vahI lipsA manuSya se ve harakateM yAnI kI kuceSTAeM karavAtI hai| aisA taba hotA hai jaba dhana jar3a hokara bhI cetana manuSya ko calAtA hai aura manuSya dhana kA dAsatva svIkAra kara letA hai| yadi manuSya dhana ko calAve aura usakA prabhAvazAlI svAmI bane to aisI kuceSTAeM kataI nahIM hogI-kahIM bhI na lakavA lagegA aura na gaThAneM utthegii| saba ora dhana bahatA rahegA aura sabako apane lAbha se samAnatA ke AdhAra para AlhAdita karatA rhegaa| yaha to AntarikatA kA sazakta upAya rhaa| 362

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dhanabala, bAhubala va sattA kI tAkata kA sadupayoga caritravAna hI karegA kintu vizva ke vartamAna vAtAvaraNa meM isa bAhya upAya para bhI kAphI soca vicAra cala rahA hai| yaha hai TUTI khir3akI(brokana viMDoM) kI raNanIti, jisakA svarUpa banAyA hai rUDI guiliyAnI aura viliyama breTana ne aura isakA prayoga cala rahA hai nyUyArka (yUnAiTeDa sTeTsa oNpha amerIkA) meN| ise sarala vidhi mAnI jA rahI hai| isakA vizleSaNa isa prakAra hai-yadi Apake ghara kI koI khir3akI TUTa jAya aura bahuta dinoM taka usakI marammata na karAI jAya to rAste para calate-phirate loga AsAnI se yaha niSkarSa nikAla leMge ki kisI ko isa ghara kI koI paravAha nahIM hai yA koI isakA kartA-hartA (inacArja) nahIM hai| phira loga anya khir3akiyoM ko bhI tor3ane lageMge aura usa ghara se lekara galI meM arAjakatA jaisI mAnasikatA phaila jaaegii| isase sabako yaha saMdeza milegA ki yahAM koI kucha bhI kara sakatA hai kyoMki saba clegaa| zaharoM-gAMvoM meM choTI samasyAeM jisa taraha kAnUna aura surakSA kI bar3I samasyAeM bana jAtI haiM unake lie 'TUTI khir3akI' kA siddhAMta lAgU kiyA jAtA hai| kyoMki choTe aparAdha hI berokaToka beparavAhI meM saMgIna aparAdhoM meM badala jAte haiN| bhraSTAcAra ke virUddha 'TUTI khir3akI ke vicAra ko lAgU karane kA tarIkA yaha hai ki bhraSTAcAra se lar3ane kA kAma sabase choTe stara se zurU kiyA jAnA caahie| usase pahale isameM juTane vAle kAryakartAoM ko to rizvata na lene-dene tathA ImAnadArI baratane kA pakkA nizcaya kara lenA caahie| isakA artha yaha hogA ki kinAroM se bhraSTAcAra ko kATA jaaegaa| hara gAMva, kasbe meM tathA sarakArI vibhAgoM ke nicale se nicale kAryAlaya meM bhraSTAcAra kI khulI khilAphata zurU ho jAe jahAM Ama AdamiyoM kA hara vakta kAma par3atA rahatA hai| jagaha-jagaha isa kAma ke lie 'caritragaThana nAgarika samitiyAM yA bhraSTAcAra saMgharSa nAgarika samitiyAM' banAI jA sakatI hai| aisI samitiyoM ke dizAnirdezana meM nAgarika cAra prakAra kI ejensiyoM kI madada bhraSTAcAra se saMgharSa karane meM le sakate haiM-1. nyAya vibhAga, jahAM riTa yAcikAoM Adi ke, 2. dasarI ejensI ke rUpa meM bhraSTAcAra nirodhaka vibhAga. senTrala vijileMsa kamIzana Adi kI sahAyatA prApta kI jA sakatI hai|, 3. tIsarA bar3A sahayogI ho sakatA hai patrakAra jagata jisameM vibhinna patra-patrikAeM tathA TI vI cainaleM zAmila kI jA sakatI hai| 4. cauthI ejensI ho sakatI hai ki samitiyoM kI apane taura para kI jAne vAlI sIdhI kaaryvaahii| isa prakAra ke bhraSTAcAra ke bAre meM eka dilacaspa bAta sAmane AI hai ki mahArASTra meM bhraSTAcAra aura bhraSyacAriyoM ke virUddha lAMchanA kA vizeSa prayoga kiyA gyaa| unako sArvajanika rUpa se unake sAmane aisA kucha kahA gayA ki ve zarma ke mAre pAnI-pAnI ho jAe, unake sAmane sudhAraka bhajana gAe gae aura aise prayoga cala rahe haiN| ina choTe-choTe prayogoM se sAmAnya jana ko preraNA aura zakti milatI hai tathA ve bhraSTAcAra ke virUddha saMgharSa meM utsAha ke sAtha kUda par3ate haiN| zAyada hai eka dina bhArata meM bhI 'TUTI khir3akI ke vicAra para joradAra amala zurU ho jaae| ___ caritra nirmANa evaM vikAsa kA kSetra vastutaH yuvA zakti ke lie kaThina cunautiyoM se bharA huA hai, kintu eka yuvA ke sapane bar3e hone cAhie, mahattvAkAMkSAeM UMcI rahanI cAhie, usakI saMkalpabaddhatA gaharAiyoM ko chUne vAlI honI cAhie aura hone cAhie usake prayAsa mhttr| 363

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bar3hate AtaMkavAda va hiMsA ke lie dharmAndhatA jimmedAra dharma ke nAma para viSavamana yaha kahAnI nahIM, hakIkata hai| eka bAra eka 95 varSIya AdhyAtmika sAdhaka vikhyAta dArzanika yU.jI. kRSNamUrti se milane phuNcaa| usa vRddha ne dArzanika se pUchA-'isa mAnava jIvana kA artha kyA hai?' usa vRddha sAdhaka ne AdhyAtmika jIvana para saiMkar3oM graMtha likhe the, apane anuyAyiyoM ko zAstroM ke mahattvapUrNa uddharaNa sunAe the aura saMsAra ke samakSa zAstroM kA artha-vinyAsa spaSTa kiyA thA, lekina vaha svayaM hI jIvana kA artha nahIM samajha pAyA thaa| kRSNamUrti ne usake prazna kA uttara diyA-'dekho, Apa 95 varSa kA lambA jIvana jI cuke ho, phira bhI jIvana kA artha nahIM khoja paae| kyA Apane kabhI socA hai ki zAyada hai, isa jIvana kA koI artha hI na ho?' usa duHkhAntagrasta vRddha ne galata bharosA kiyA thA ki kIrti aura zakti ke sAtha use AdhyAtmika sampatti bhI avazya hI prApta ho jaaegii| kintu kRSNamUrti ke nakArAtmaka uttara ne vRddha kI AMkheM khola dii| kyA aisA hI kaiyoM ke sAtha-sabake sAtha nahIM ghaTatAgujaratA? bAra-bAra loga bhUlate rahate haiM ki saccA saMtoSa tabhI prApta ho sakegA, jaba AntarikatA meM aisI anubhUti 364

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. baDhate AtaMkavAda va hiMsA ke liye dharmAndhatA jimmedAra 20

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bar3hate AtaMkavAda va hiMsA ke lie dharmAndhatA jimmedAra gaharI bane ki sabake prati 'acchA' rahA gayA hai| kintu Aja ke jIvana meM yaha anubhUti kabhI-kabhI hI hotI hai aise acchepana kI / saca to yaha hai ki Aja hamArA deza aura samAja eka prakAra ke AdhyAtmika saMkaTa se gujara rahA hai| cAroM ora bar3hatI huI hiMsA ko dekhie aura zoSaNa kI kaTutA ko dekhie jisase Aja 'dharma ke vizvAsa ke nAma para janatA ko prahAra jhelane par3a rahe haiM aura jaba dhArmika vizvAsa sattA ke bhUkhe netAoM ke hAthoM meM sattA pAne kA eka hathiyAra bana jAtA hai to dharma kI AtmA mara jAtI hai| 1992-93 meM ghaTita sAmpradAyika daMgoM ko loga aba taka bhI bhUleM nahIM hoMge, jinake kAraNa muMbaI jaisA vyasta aura ekajuTa nagara bhI TUTa kara tAra-tAra ho gyaa| ina daMgoM kA eka bar3A sabaka bhI sAmane AyA ki jisane bhI hatyA jaisA jaghanya aparAdha kiyA, vaha kisI na kisI dharma kA vizvAsa karane vAlA hI thA to kyA yaha AtmAlocanA kA viSaya nahIM ki AdhyAtmikatA jIvana kI kaThina samasyAoM ko zAntipUrvaka sulajhAne meM asaphala rahI hai? ye samasyAeM tabhI sulajhAI jA sakatI hai, jaba vartamAna samAja kI jar3oM meM jAkara usakI yathArthatA kI pahacAna kI jaae| isa yathArthatA kI pahacAna kara pAnA kaThina nhiiN| hamArA deza itanA vizAla hai, isameM itanI vividhatAeM haiM, phira bhI samAnatAoM ke sUtra pakar3e jA sakate haiN| deza ke dUra-darAja ke bhAgoM meM yAtrA karane vAle AdhyAtmika sAmarthya kA saccA paricaya pA sakate haiN| isa tathya kA eka dRSTAnta dekhieeka AdivAsI nAva calAne vAle se jaba yaha pUchA gayA ki 'vaha logoM ko nadI pAra karAne kA dhaMdhA karate hue dina bhara meM kitanA kamA letA hai, aura kyA tuma yaha nahIM socate ki sarakAra nadI para jo pula banavAne jA rahI hai, usake bana jAne ke bAda tumheM apane jIvananirvAha ke sAdhana se hAtha dho lenA par3egA?' nAvika ne uttara diyA - 'pula banane kA mere nirvAha para asara jarUra par3egA, lekina usase kyA ? pula bana jAegA to sabhI logoM ko adhika Aya ke sAtha apane nirvAha ko behatara banAne meM kitanI sahAyatA mila jaaegii| yaha lAbha mere apane logoM ko milegaa| isake sAmane yaha koI khAsa bAta nahIM ki mujhe aura mere parivAra ko apanI jindagI kI gAr3I calAne ke lie koI aura rAstA DhUMr3hanA par3egA / ' kyA nAvika kA yaha uttara, jo sahaja saralatA se paripUrNa thA, dila ke tAra-tAra ko jhaMkRta kara dene vAlA nahIM hai? kyA isa uttara meM AdhyAtmika sAmarthya kI jhalaka nahIM dikhAI detI? cAhe usakI mAnyatA kA koI dharma rahA ho yA nahIM, kintu kyA uttara meM sabhI dharmoM ke vizvAsa kA sAra nahIM khojA jA sakatA hai? kyA uparokta 95 varSIya AdhyAtmika sAdhaka, jisane AdhyAtmikatA ke zAstra khUba par3he aura khUba sunAe, isa sAdhAraNa nAvika se zreSThatara mAnA jA sakatA hai? isa nAvika kI koI viziSTa AdhyAtmika sAdhanA nahIM thI, phira bhI usameM apane AsapAsa kI duniyA ko sahI pariprekSya meM samajhane aura tadanusAra apanI soca ko DhAla lene kI yogyatA avazyameva bahuta thii| ise hI to svAbhAvika rUpa se AdhyAtmika samajha yA viveka kA nAma diyA jAnA caahie| usa nAvika kA jIvana apane yathArtha artha meM usa AdhyAtmika sAdhaka ke prazna kA parokSa uttara thA ki isa jIvana kA artha kyA hai? bhAratIya saMskRti aura sabhyatA kA yaha mUlamaMtra rahA hai ki Apako yadi Izvara ko khojanA aura 365

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sucaritram usakA sAkSAtkAra karanA hai to use logoM ke bIca hI khojie, vaha vahIM milegaa| gAMdhI jI ne to sApha-sApha kahA ki Izvara daridroM kI AtmA meM nivAsa karatA hai, isalie vaha daridranArAyaNa hai aura ina daridroM ke bIca unake utthAna kA kAma karate hue Izvara ke darzana hoMge-usakA sAkSAtkAra hogaa| jIvana kI sArthakatA kA jJAna tabhI saMbhava hai, jaba jIvana kI laharoM ke sAtha-sAtha tairane aura tairate rahane kA abhyAsa kiyA jaae| sAtha-sAtha tairane se jAnA jA sakegA ki eka se mAnava jIvanoM ke bIca meM kitanI dUriyAM bar3ha gaI haiM aura unheM pATane aura sabako samAna dharAtala para milAne ke lie kyA-kyA karanA cAhie aura kyA-kyA kiyA jA sakatA hai vyaktigata stara para aura sAmAjika stara para bhI? yadi vyakti-vyakti ke bIca, samUhoM ke bIca aura pUre saMsAra ke paTala para aneka prakAra kI vikRtiyoM tathA viSamatAoM ko dUra karane ke sAjhA prayatnoM meM sAjhIdAra banA jAe to use avazya samajha meM A sakegA ki isa jIvana kA artha kyA hai? vAstavika caritrazIlatA kyA hai aura saccI AdhyAtmikatA kI pahacAna kahAM para hai? jIvana kA artha inhIM kSetroM meM khojie| dharma aura dharma ke nAma para donoM alaga-alaga manodazAeM hotI haiM : jIvana kA kyA artha hai athavA jIvana kyA hai-mUla prazna yahI hai| saMsAra meM jIvana kA astitva hI mukhya viSayavastu hai aura isa kAraNa kendra bindu bhii| anya pratyeka viSaya para jIvana ko kendra meM rakha kara hI socanA cAhie tathA tadanusAra jIvana ke sAtha jur3ane vAle sabhI prakAra ke saMbaMdhoM ke aucitya para nirNaya liyA jAnA caahie| jIvana vikAsa ke sAdhya-sAdhanoM para cintana karane se pahale jIvana kyA hai-isa mUla prazna kA sahI uttara avazya khoja liyA jAnA caahie| sva. AcArya zrI nAneza ne isa viSaya para gaMbhIra cintana kiyA hai tathA apane mArmika niSkarSa nikAle haiN| unakA mAnanA hai ki manuSya ke mana meM mala meM rahI samatA jyoM-jyoM ubharatI jAegI, vaha apane vyApaka prabhAva ke sAtha mAnava jIvana ko bhI ubhAratI jaaegii| use azAnti, duHkha-dainya evaM nikRSTatA ke cakravAta se bAhara nikAla kara yahI samatA use zAnti, sarvAMgINa, samRddhi tathA zreSThatA ke sAMce meM ddhaalegii| aisI DhalAna ke bAda hI manuSya viSamatAjanya pazutA ke gheroM se nikala kara AtmIyatA pUrNa manuSyatA kA svAmI bana skegaa| AcArya zrI ne ukta mUla prazna ke uttara meM apanA eka navIna sUtra prastuta kiyA hai| unakA kathana hai-isa dizA meM viziSTa satyAnubhUti ke AdhAra se yaha navIna sUtra prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai ki 'kiM jIvanam? samyaka nirNAyakaM samatAmayaM ca yat tjjiivnm|' jIvana kyA hai-prazna uThAyA gayA hai aura usakA uttara bhI isI sUtra meM diyA gayA hai ki jo jIvana samyak nirNAyaka aura samatAmaya hai, vAstava meM vahI jIvana hai|...jo jiyA jAtA hai, vaha jIvana hai-yaha to jIvana kI sthUla paribhASA hai| eka AdamI ko bore meM bAMdha kara pahAr3a kI coTI se nIce lur3hakA diyA jAe to vaha borA DhalAna se lur3hakatA huA nIce A jAegA-yaha bhI eka taraha se calanA hI huaa| apanI sajaga dRSTi ke sAtha calatA huA nIce utare-use bhI to calanA hI kaheMge, to donoM taraha ke calane meM pharka kyA huA? eka calAyA jAtA hai, dUsarA calatA hai| calAyA jAnA jar3atva hai to calanA caitny| aba donoM ke pariNAma bhI dekhie| jo bore meM baMdhA lur3hakA kara calAyA jAtA hai, vaha lahUluhAna ho jAyagA-caTTAnoM ke AghAtapratighAtoM se vaha apanI saMjJA bhI kho baiThegA aura saMbhava hai ki phira lambe arse taka vaha cala sakane ke 366

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bar3hate AtaMkavAda va hiMsA ke lie dharmAndhatA jimmedAra . kAbila bhI na rhe| to jo kevala jiyA jAtA hai, use kevala jar3atApUrNa jIvana hI kahA jA sakatA hai| sArthaka jIvana vaha jo svayaM cale-svastha evaM sudRr3ha gati se cale, balki apane calane ke sAtha anya durbala jIvanoM meM bhI pragati kA bala bharatA huA cle|...jiivn kI paribhASA ke antargata nirNAyaka zabda apekSA se vizeSya ke rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| isakI vyAkhyA yadi hamArI samajha meM A gaI to hama zabda ke sAtha lagane vAle samyak vizeSaNa ko bhI acchI taraha samajha sakate haiN| vaha nirNAyaka zakti pratyeka jIvana meM vidyamAna hai aura Atmika jAgRti ke parimANa meM vaha zakti bhI vikasita hotI rahatI hai| nizcaya hI mAnava jIvana meM nirNAyaka zakti adhikatara mAtrA meM ho sakatI hai bazarte ki usa zakti ko jagA kara use sahI dizA meM kAryarata banAI jaae|...is nirNAyaka zakti ke vikAsa kA pahale prazna hai aura bAda meM usake samyak vikAsa kI samasyA sAmane AtI hai| jaba antara meM vikAsa jAgatA hai to jIvanI zakti kA bhI utthAna hotA hai| ekendriya se paMcendriya jIvana taka tathA vahAM se mAnava jIvana kI upalabdhi isI kramika vikAsa kA pariNAma hotA hai| mAnava jIvana meM yaha nirNAyaka zakti adhika puSTa bane, adhika samyak bane-isa ora manuSya ke jJAna, darzana aura AcaraNa kI gati agrasara bananI caahie|...jiivn kyA hai? use kyA honA cAhie? ina donoM sthitiyoM ko antara kI jitanI gaharAI se dekhane evaM samajhane kA prayatna kiyA jAegA, utanI hI yaha nirNAyaka buddhi prabuddha banatI jaaegii|...smtaa kA artha hai ki pahale samatAmaya dRSTi bane to yahI dRSTi saumyatApUrvaka kRti meM utregii| isa taraha samatA samAnatA kI vAhaka bana sakatI hai|...'jiivn kyA hai' ke sUtra se jIvana kI kasauTI kA paricaya milatA hai| jar3a aura cetana kI sthiti ko samajhate hue rAga aura dveSa kI bhAvanA se haTakara jaba nirNaya zakti evaM samatA bhAvanA pallavita hotI hai tabhI jIvana meM eka sArthaka mor3a AtA hai| aMtaH jIvana kI kasauTI yaha hogI ki kisI ko jar3a padArthoM para kitanA vyAmoha hai aura cetana zakti ke prati kitanI kriyAzIla AsthA aura niSThA hai tathA vaha mana ko kitanA sthira tathA nirapekSa rakha sakatA hai yA mana kI caMcalatA meM apanepana ko bhUla kara bAharI daladala meM phaMsA huA hai? isI kasauTI para kisI ke jIvana kI sArthakatA va sajIvatA kA aMkana kiyA jA sakatA hai (graMtha 'samatA: darzana aura vyavahAra', a-2 pRSTha 20-21, 23, 25-26, 30-31) / ___ jIvana kyA hai aura use kaisA honA cAhie athavA jIvana kA artha kyA hai-yaha samajhanA-samajhAnA sacce dharma kA kAma hai| aise dharma ko mAnava dharma kaheM, svabhAva prApti kA mAdhyama kaheM yA kartavyabodhaka kaheM-saba eka hI bAta hai| aise dharma kA jIvana ke sAtha abhinna saMbaMdha hai| jIvana hai aura dharma nahIM to usa jIvana kA koI artha bhI nhiiN| dharma ko jIvana ke sAtha ekarUpa honA hI cAhie-usake pala-pala kA patha darzaka bana kara use pUrNa sArthakatA kI rAha para Age se Age lekara jAnA hI caahie| jIvana vikAsa meM sacce dharma kA yoga-saMyoga mile-yaha eka prakAra kI manodazA hai jo zuddha hai, zubha hai aura bahuAyAmI caritra kA nirmANa tathA vikAsa karane vAlI hai| .. parantu yaha ekadama alaga hI manodazA hogI, 'jahAM dharma ke nAma para' pravRttiyAM calAne kI ceSTA kI jAtI hai| dharma ke nAma para matalaba sApha hai ki aisI pravRttiyAM calAne vAloM kA sacce dharma se kucha bhI lenA-denA nahIM ho unheM to apanI pravRttiyAM calAne ke lie sirpha dharma kA nAma yAnI dharma kI Ar3a 367

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sucaritram mAtra caahie| ve dharma kI oTa meM apane svArthoM kA zikAra khelanA cAhate haiN| isI krama meM sAmpradAyikatA ubhArI jAtI hai, uttejanA phailAI jAtI hai, vibhinna sampradAyoM evaM nAyakoM ke bIca ahaM ke saMgharSa paidA kie jAte haiM tathA jIvana ke vikAsa ko Theke para car3hA diyA jAtA hai| pahale prakAra kI zuddha dhArmika manodazA se yaha sAmpradAyika manodazA ekadama bhinna hotI hai kintu vAtAvaraNa isa kuTilatA se racA jAtA hai ki sAmAnya jana apane bholepana meM isa bhinnatA ko bhalI prakAra samajha nahIM pAtA hai aura dharma ke nAma para matalaba pUre karane vAloM ke sAtha laga jAtA hai, vaha bhI aMdha zraddhA kA AvaraNa or3ha kr| isa dazA aura dizA ko bhalI prakAra samajhanA evaM samajhAnA cAhie tAki sacce dharma kI svIkRti vyApaka bane aura jIvana ko sArthaka banAne kI pravRtti saghana hotI huI eka naI cAritrika krAnti ko janma de| asala meM dharma ke do chora haiM-mAnava dharma evaM sAmpradAyika kaTTaratA : ___ jIvana ke zuddha evaM zubha svabhAva ko prApta karane ke mArga kA nAma dharma hai| ise caritra kI saMjJA bhI dI jA sakatI hai| svabhAva yAnI apane mUlabhAva ko prApta kara lenA sugama nahIM hotA, kyoMki vibhinna prakAra kI viSamatAoM evaM vikRtiyoM ke aneka AvaraNa isa svabhAva para car3he hue haiM, jinhoMne svabhAva ko vibhAva ke rUpa meM palaTa diyA hai| ina AvaraNoM ko pUrI taraha se haTAnA aura zuddha svabhAva ko prakaTa kara lenA yahI jIvana kA mUla artha hai| isa prakriyA meM eka nahIM, aneka jIvana jaba juTate haiM to samUha prabhAvita hote haiM aura sAmUhika jIvana meM zreSTha caritrazIlatA, saumyatA aura sAmyatA praveza karatI hai| ye guNa hI vikasita hote hue vizvabaMdhutva taka pahuMcAte haiN| to dharma kA eka chora yaha hai, jo hai maanv-dhrm| dUsarA chora hakIkata meM dharma kA nahIM hai lekina dharma se hI upajAyA gayA hai-isa kAraNa isako bhI dharma kA hI chora kahanA hogA, yaha sAmpradAyikatA kA chora hai| yaha samajhane kI bAta hai ki sAmpradAyikatA kyoM upajatI hai athavA upajAI jAtI hai? sampradAeM alaga-alaga mArgoM se satya kI ora bar3hAne vAlI saMsthAeM kahI jA sakatI haiM bazarte ki ve anekAntavAdI dRSTikoNa kI samarthaka banI raheM yAnI saba sabake vicAroM ke prati sammAna rakheM, mila baiTha kara satya samanvaya kI ceSTA kareM aura mataikya ke sAtha sAmAnya jana ko vivAdahIna mArga sujhaaveN| kintu sampradAeM alaga-alaga matoM kI vAhaka bana kara jaba haThAgrahI ho jAtI haiM to apanI hI sampradAya ko zreSTha mAnanA tathA anya sabhI sampradAyoM ko hIna samajhanA-aisI AgrahI haTha anuyAyiyoM meM paidA kara dI jAtI hai yAnI ki AMkheM baMda karA kara kaTTaratA kA pakkA pATha par3hA diyA jAtA hai, taba jo AkrAmaka vRtti paidA hotI hai use sAmpradAyikatA kA nAma diyA jAtA hai| sAmpradAyika honA yAnI kaTTara bana jAnA aura kaTTara bana jAne kA matalaba ho jAtA hai ki apanA kahA jAne vAlA saba sahI aura bAkI kA saba galata-kucha bhI idhara-udhara socane kI jarUrata nahIM aura jo apanI sAmpradAyikatA para coTa kare, usako chor3anA nahIM-sArvajanika rUpa se use Ahata karanA hii| aisI hI sAmpradAyikatA kaTTaratA ghAtoM-pratighAtoM meM calatI hai, kaTutA se pArasparika saMbaMdhoM ko tor3atI hai aura bhAMti-bhAMti kI hiMsA ke daravAjoM ko kholatI hai| eka acchA pahalU yaha hai ki jitane bhI nAmadhArI dharma haiM, ve sabhI apane-graMthoM va upadezoM meM mAnavIya mUlyoM ko pradhAnatA dete haiM, kintu Aja kI viDambanA yaha hai ki vaha saba kucha jabAnI jamAkharca taka hI sImita ho gayA hai| unake AcaraNa para jora nahIM diyA jAtA hai aura isakA mukhya 368

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bar3hate AtaMkavAda va hiMsA ke lie dharmAnyatA jimmedAra kAraNa yaha hai ki ve dharmanAyaka bhI aisA nahIM cAhate-ve apane-apane anuyAyiyoM ko apane netRtva meM jakar3e rakhanA cAhate haiN| samajha jagAne se jakar3anA mumakina nahIM hotA-usake lie sahI samajha ko sulAnI hotI hai, aprabhAvI banAnI hotI hai aura aMdhI kaTTaratA jagAnI hotI hai dharma ke nAma para ki dharma khatare meM hai, sampradAya khatare meM hai isalie sampradAya kI rakSA meM, usake asara ko bar3hAte rahane meM juTe raho-cAhe isake lie AkrAmaka bananA par3e yA hiMsaka pravRtti calAnI pdd'e| vahAM para sampradAya kI pratiSThA kA prazna khar3A kara diyA jAtA hai aura AMkha mIMca kara jo pratiSThA ke lie nahIM lar3atA use sampradAya kA saccA bhakta kaise kahA jAe? isa prakAra sAmpradAyikatA kA jo cakra calatA hai, vaha caritra kI yathArthatA ko kATa detA hai aura niSThA kI naI paribhASAeM gar3hatA hai| prAcIna se arvAcIna itihAsa para yadi eka sarasarI najara daur3AI jAe to nAmadhArI dharmoM kI aba taka ki sArI gatividhiyoM kA sAra yaha nikalatA hai ki dharmoM ne mAnava ko tor3A maror3A hai, bAMTA hai lekina jor3A bahuta kama hai aura apanI kaTTaratA meM mAnavIya mUlyoM kA bhI adhikatara nAza hI kiyA hai| kyoM banI hai aisI dhAraNA? itihAsa ke isa pahalU para vizleSaNAtmaka vicAra-vimarza se hI sAmpradAyikatA ke viSaile prabhAva kA Akalana kiyA jA sakegA aura samajhA jA sakegA ki kisa rIti se sabhI dharmoM meM aMkita mAnava-dharma ke siddhAntoM ko prabhAvazAlI banA kara AcaraNa meM utArane kA eka prabala vAtAvaraNa banAyA jaae| dharma ke nAma para kyoM khulate haiM hiMsA ke daravAjeM aura kauna kholatA haiM unheM: kisI bhI naye dharma kA jaba pravartana hotA hai to vaha prabhAvazAlI hotA hai| pravartaka kI sarvAMgINa mahAnatA sAmAnya jana ko prabhAvita karatI hai aura vaha usake upadezoM meM apane utthAna kA mArga dekhatA hai| pravartana samasta vAtAvaraNa ko nae utsAha se bhara detA hai aura anuyAyiyoM ke samudAya nae dharma meM sammilita hote jAte haiN| usa dharma ke kathita siddhAnta bhI preraNAprada hote haiN| usa samaya dharma hI dharma kA pracAra hotA hai, caritra apane vikAsa ke naye AyAma dekhatA hai aura nIti jIvana meM eka naI UrjA bhara detI hai| ___ vastutaH samasyAeM tabhI paidA hotI haiM jaba dharma ke lie pravRttiyAM nahIM hotI, balki pravRttiyAM dharma ke nAma para hone lagatI hai| asala meM pravartana sarvahita, zuddhatA aura zubhatA ko ubhAratA hai, kintu vahI saba kucha usI dharma ke pracalana meM badala jAtA hai-taba sarvahita mukhya nahIM rahatA, sampradAya ke ucita yA anucita svArtha bar3e ho jAte haiM, zuddhatA va zubhatA upekSita ho jAtI hai| usa dharma kA usake pracalana meM mAnavIya svarUpa saMkucita ho jAtA hai| sampradAya ke choTe dAyare meM kaida ho jAtA hai| taba vaha svarUpa mAnavIya nahIM rahatA, sirpha sAmpradAyika ho jAtA hai| taba usa dharma ke anuyAyI yA to pUrva svarUpa kI punarpratiSThA kA Agraha karate haiM athavA apane nae nAyakoM ke sura meM sura milA kara unake AdezoM kI kaThaputaliyAM bana jAte haiN| pracalana meM samasyAeM kyoM paidA hotI hai? pravartaka sA utsAha aura sAmarthya usake uttarAdhikAriyoM meM nahIM rhtaa| dUsare, jo pUMjI unheM apane pitA-pitAmaha se prApta huI hai sampradAyagaThana ke rUpa meM-ve usakI hI rakhavAlI meM laga jAte haiN| tIsare, eka hI dharma ke pracalana meM aneka uttarAdhikAriyoM ke 369

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sucaritram dAvoM se vaha sampradAya kaI bhAgoM meM vibhAjita bhI ho jAtI hai| taba ve upa-sampradAeM apane-apane prabhAva-vistAra ke lie pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se ve saba cAleM calane ko taiyAra ho jAtI haiM, jo rAjanIti ke kSetra meM calI jAtI haiN| isase ApasI kaTutA aura vidveSatA ghAtaka rUpa le letI hai| yaha to eka nAmadhArI dharma kI bAda meM dazA hotI hai| isI prakAra itihAsa ke pannoM para aneka nAmadhArI dharmoM ke pracalana kI saMgharSa-gAthAoM ke vivaraNa aMkita haiN| hindU dharma meM jaba ApasI matabheda aura manabheda se kaI sampadAyoM aura upa-sampradAyoM ne janma liyA to pracalana meM kaI vikatiyoM ne bhI praveza kiyA tathA yajJa-yAga Adi ke DhaMga meM bigAr3a aayaa| jaina aura bauddha dharmoM ke pravartakoM ne 'vaidikI hiMsA' kA virodha karake naye ahiMsAmaya vAtAvaraNa kI racanA kii| kintu jaina dharma bhI apane pracalana meM pahale do sampradAyoM-digambara va zvetAmbara tathA bAda meM aneka upa sampradAyoM meM baMTa gyaa| isase isa dharma kI lokapriyatA ko dhakkA lagA aura anuyAyiyoM kA vAMchita rUpa se vistAra nahIM ho paayaa| isI prakAra bauddha dharma bhI mahAyAna aura hInayAna sampradAyoM meM baMTA lekina bhArata kI bhUmi janma lekara bhI isI bhUmi para lupta-sA ho gyaa| yoM dharmoM ke pracalana ke doSa unakI saiddhAntikatA ko niSkriya banA dete haiM to dUsarI ora sampradAyikatA kI khola meM banda ho hone se doSagrastatA unakA mUlAdhAra bana jAtI hai| isI doSagrastatA se dharma ke nAma para kaTatA. AtaMkavAda aura hiMsA ke daravAje khalate haiN| jyoM-jyoM sampradAyoM ke bIca kaTutA kI parateM gaharI hotI jAtI haiM, hiMsA ke naye-naye rUpa sAmane Ate haiN| IsAI dharma jaba ketholika aura proTesTenTa sampradAyoM meM baMTA to unakI kaTutA saMgharSamaya banI aura lambe arse taka calatI rahI hai| lekina islAma ke pracalana kA dUsarA hI rUpa duniyA ke sAmane aayaa| islAma ne logoM ke diloM ko jIta kara apane sAtha karane kA ravaiyA nahIM apnaayaa| musalamAna hamalAvara bana kara idhara-udhara bar3hate gaye aura apanI hakUmateM kAyama karate rahe so unhoMne islAma ke anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA talavAra ke . jora se hI jyAdAtara bddh'aaii| kama se kama bhArata to isa tathya kA sabUta hai| bAdazAha akabara ne kucha dhArmika udAratA dikhAI to vaha nahIM calI aura usakI pratikriyA meM auraMgajeba kI nIti adhika ' nirdayI bnii| __itihAsa ko eka ora rakha deM aura kevala vartamAna ko dekheN| Aja pUre vizva meM AtaMkavAda ke . virodha meM saMgharSa cala rahA hai| yaha AtaMkavAda kaunasA hai? yaha AtaMkavAda musalamAnoM kA calAyA huA hai jise ve jehAda kaha rahe haiM yAni kI dharma yuddh| AtaMkavAdI harakateM kitanI nRzaMsa hotI haiM-yaha Aja sabhI jAna rahe haiN| musalamAna kaTTarapaMthI sArI duniyA ko islAma ke raMga meM raMganA cAhate haiM so unakI pahalI lar3AI IsAiyata se hai, jisakA phailAva duniyA meM sabase jyAdA hai aura jisakI zakti kA pratIka amerIkA hai| unakI dUsarI lar3AI bhArata se hai, kyoMki yahAM bhI hindU dharma ke anuyAyI adhika haiN| yaha 'saba' dharma ke nAma para hI to ho rahA hai aura dharma ke nAma para hI kaTutA, AtaMkavAda aura hiMsA ke daravAje khule haiM tathA ina daravAjoM ko kholane vAle sAmpradAyika kaTTarapaMthiyoM ke sivAya dUsare kauna haiM? bhArata meM 1947 ke bAda jitane daMge hue haiM unameM ve hI loga to zAmila the jo apane Apako eka yA dUsare dharma ke kaTTara anuyAyI sAbita karane meM lage the| dharma ke nAma para itanI krUra hiMsA kA tAMDava 370

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bar3hate AtaMkavAda va hiMsA ke lie dharmAndhatA jimmedAra calatA rahA hai aura cala rahA hai jise dekha-suna kara kyA kisI bhI mAnavatA samarthaka ke mana meM dharmaprema bacA huA raha sakatA hai ? sAmpradAyika kaTTaratA, AtaMkavAda evaM hiMsA ke daravAjoM ke pIche ke najAreM : Aja koI kisI se pUchatA hai- tumhArA dharma kyA hai? to vaha binA kisI soca yA jhijhaka ke turanta uttara de detA hai-maiM hindU hU~, musalamAna hU~, jaina hU~, sikha hU~ yA aura kucha / kintu yaha uttara zAyada hI koI detA ho ki vaha kisI mata, paMtha yA sampradAya ko nahIM mAnatA- kevala dharma ko mAnatA hai| usa dharma ko, jo binA liMga, bhASA, varga, rASTrIyatA yA anya kisI bheda ke saMsAra meM sabako manuSyoM ko hI nahIM, pazu-pakSiyoM evaM jIva-jantuoM taka ko prema karanA sikhAtA hai aura sabake hita meM hI svayaM kA hita hogA - yaha satya samajhAtA hai| kintu kyA aisI kalpanA bhI uThatI hai kisI ke mana meM? nahIM uThatI to kyoM nahIM uThatI ? saca jAnate hue bhI behicaka jhUTha kyoM kahA jAtA hai ? adhikAMza logoM ke mana meM aisA sthAyI bigAr3a kyoM paidA ho gayA hai? koI mata, paMtha yA sampradAya aisA muzkila se hI hogA jo mAnava dharma ko apanA siddhAnta na batAtA ho, lekina aisA bhI koI mata, paMtha yA sampradAya muzkila se hI milegA, jo apane nAma kI kaTTaratA kI sIkha na detA ho aisA viparyAsa kaise ? jAna-bUjhakara bhI loga isa asalI-nakalI ko samajhate kyoM nahIM haiM? cAhe janagaNanA kI pUchatAcha ho yA adAlata kA bayAna ki dharma pUchane para dharma nahIM, apanI sampradAya kA nAma batAyA jAtA hai aura apane Apako dharma nirapekSa batAne vAlA zAsana bhI isa uttara ko rikArDa kara letA hai| cAroM ora yaha vyAmUr3hatA kyoM ? yaha kevala Aja kI hI bAta nahIM hai| sadiyoM se calI yA calAI jA rahI bAta hai una dharma ke ThekedAroM dvArA, jo dharma ke prabhAva se jana-jIvana kA utthAna karanA nahIM cAhate, balki dharma ko baMda gheroM meM bAMdha kara apanA prabhAva bar3hAnA cAhate rahe haiN| rakSaka hI jaba dharma bhAvanAoM kA bhakSaNa karate cale A rahe hoM, taba kaise sudhare aura Upara uThe sAmAnya jana kA jIvana ? dharma-pravartakoM ne nahIM, unake dharma ko apane gheroM meM baMda kara dene vAle ThekedAroM ne hI janamAnasa ko taMga, rUr3hivAdI aura vivekahIna banAyA hai| apane hIna svArthoM kI satata pUrti ke lie upadeza dete haiM ahiMsA, kSamA, karuNA, bhrAtRtva, tyAga, saMyama Adi mAnavIya guNoM kA hAthI ke dikhAU dAMtoM kI taraha, lekina bhItara meM sikhAte haiN| IrSyA, hor3a, TakarAva aura mukhya rUpa se kaTTaratA - jisase phailatI hai kaTutA aura vidveSa kI vRttiyA~, AtaMkavAdI ghRNA aura taraha-taraha kI hiMsaka pravRttiyAM / yoM kevala kaTTaratA ko pakar3a kara zuddha evaM * zubha dharma bhI ghora adharma kA rUpa le letA hai-amAnavIya aura AkrAmaka / isI parimANa meM caritra bhI patita hotA rahatA hai, kyoMki zuddha aura zubha vRttiyA~ evaM pravRttiyA~ azuddhatA tathA azubhatA ke daladala meM gahare dhaMsatI calI jAtI haiN| kyoM huA yaha? pratyeka mata, paMtha yA sampradAya ke do pakSa hote haiM- 1. siddhAnta pakSa tathA 2. usako AcaraNa se puSTa karane vAlA kriyAkAMDa pakSa / isa dUsare pakSa meM kaThinAiyAM hone se kriyA to kama panapI, lekina kAMDa ADambaroM aura dikhAvoM meM phUla kara pUrA pAkhaMDa ho gyaa| isakA sacoTa udAharaNa bhArata kI dharma bhUmi para hI dekhA jA sakatA hai| svataMtratA prApti aura mohammada alI jinnA kI 371

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sucaritram kUTanIti zurU hone se pahale yahAM para dhArmika kriyAkAMDa itane mukhara nahIM the| saba apanI-apanI pasanda kI upAsanA cupacApa karate the aura bAhara sabhI sampradAya vAloM ke sAtha sahaja sneha se rahate aura apanA kAmakAja zAntipUrvaka karate the| kucha jahara jinnA ne bikherA lekina usako nasa-nasa meM iMjekTa kiyA deza ke apane hI zAsakoM ne| voTa kI sAmpradAyika rAjanIti calAI taba pratyeka sampradAya ke karmakAMDI rAjanItika lAbha uThAne kI garaja se sArI sar3akoM para phaila gae aura apane kriyAkAMDoM yAnI apanI 'brAMDa' kA sArvajanika pradarzana karane lage isa matalaba se ki ve apanI sampradAya ko jyAdA asaradAra batA skeN| phira to ADambaroM kI eka dUsare se hor3a hI zurU ho gaI aura pAkhaMDa yAnI ki kaTTaratA racA-basA dI gaI sabake mana meN| rAjanIti meM sAmpradAyika mAMgeM uThane lagI aura dabAva kI saudebAjiyAM zurU huii| aise meM bhalA dharma kahAM TikatA? vaha kAphUra ho gayA, kapUra bana gyaa| dharma havA meM ur3atA rahegA to kaisA banegA logoM kA caritra aura vahI Aja sabako dikhAI de rahA hai-sabako duHkha pahuMcA rahA hai| kaTutA, AtaMkavAda va hiMsA ke daravAjoM ke pIche ke najAre aise hote haiM, jinakI ekamAtra kAraka hotI hai-kttttrtaa| dharma alokapriya hotA hai dharma ke nAma para kI jAne vAlI kaTTaratA kI kAryavAhiyoM se dharma ke maulika svarUpa para paryApta carcA kI jA cukI hai aura batAyA jA cukA hai ki dharma nAma hai zuddha evaM zubha kartavyoM kA aura karttavya nAma hai una kAryoM kA, jo sabake lie sabake hita meM karane lAyaka hoN| ye karane lAyaka kAma sadA eka se nahIM rahate, paristhitiyoM ke badalane se badalate bhI rahate haiN| ina karane lAyaka kAmoM kA nirdhAraNa bhI mahApuruSa, dharma pravartaka yA samAja nAyaka karate haiM, kintu ina kAmoM ke kucha sthAI bhAva bhI hote haiN| ina sthAI bhAvoM kA zAzvata dRSTi se anusaraNa karanA hotA hai, jaise ahiMsA yAnI ApasI bAteM prema aura zAnti se nipaTeM cAhe mAmale kaise bhI kyoM na ho? satya yAnI paraspara ke vyavahAra meM na jhUTha rahe, na kapaTa, jo jaisA hai vahI kahA jAe aura vahI sAmane aave| kSamA yAnI burA lagane para bhI krodha kA prayoga na ho, viveka kI khir3akI khulI rahe / tyAga yAnI apane svArtha usa sImA taka hI raheM ki parahita para AghAta na kareM, balki parahita ke lie svahita bhI chor3a de| aparigraha yAnI kevala AvazyakatA kI pUrti ho, dhana evaM sattA kA na saMgraha ho aura na una para apanA ekAdhikAra jamAyA jaae| aise anekAneka sadguNoM kA samUha hI dharma hai aura yahI caritra bhI, jo sahI kartavyoM kA nirdhAraNa bhI karatA hai tathA unake pAlana kI preraNA bhI jagAtA hai| __ aisA dharma kisI sImA meM baMdhA nahIM hotA-sUrya ke samAna sabako prakAza, vAyu ke samAna sabako saMsparza aura jala ke samAna sabako samAna rUpa se jIvana pradAna karatA hai| isa dharma ko jo sImA meM bAMdhane kI kuceSTA karatA hai, sabase bar3A adharmI vahI hai| vahI kaTTaratA kI zurUAta karatA hai aura usa vyApaka dharma ko apane baMda ghere meM samparkahIna banA kara pApa kA pracalana karatA hai| dharma kA isase bar3ha kara anya kaunasA durUpayoga ho sakatA hai? soce ki saccA dharma kisake lAbha ke lie hotA hai? Apa ahiMsaka banate haiM to khuda ko hI nahIM bacAte, balki sabako bacAne meM khuda ko pahale lagAte haiN| 372

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bar3hate AtaMkavAda va hiMsA ke lie dharmAndhatA jimmedAra tabhI to ahiMsA kA vAstavika pAlana hotA hai| satyaniSTha hote haiM to apane hI karma ko zuddha nahIM banAte-sabake karmoM meM zuddhi lAne kI alakha bhI jagAte haiN| asteya vrata lekara Apa apane vyavasAya se sambaddha sabhI logoM ko Arthika Adi zoSaNa se rahita banAte haiN| brahmacArI bane to svayaM ko hI nirmalatA kI ora nahIM bar3hAte, balki apane nirmala AvaraNa meM sabako lapeTa lene kA uttama kArya bhI karate haiN| eka nahIM, aneka prakAra se dharma-siddhAntoM ke pAlana kA adhika lAbha dUsaroM ko milatA hai aura milanA bhI cAhie-yahI to dharma kA saccA uddezya hai| to hakIkata yaha hai ki dharma-karma karatA to vyakti hai, kintu adhikAMza meM usase lAbhAnvita hotA hai samAja, rASTra aura pUrA saMsAra, kyoMki dharma ke AcaraNa se sarvatra zAnti sthApita hotI hai| yaha vyApaka lAbha hI dharma kA hArda hai-kendra hai| dharma kA yahI svarUpa saccA mAnava dharma kahalAtA hai| yahI vyakti kA sArabhUta mUlya hai to saMsAra kA gaurava bhii| yahI dharma vyakti ko sAre saMsAra ke sAtha AtmIyatA se jor3atA hai| . parantu Aja to dharma ke nAma se sAmAnya jana ke mana-mAnasa meM jo tasvIra ubharatI hai vaha saMgaThita sampradAyavAda, AkrAmaka pUMjIvAda tathA mAraka kaTTaratAvAda ke badaraMgoM se badalI-bigar3I hotI hai| isa badaraMga tasvIra ke lie jimmedAra hai to sirpha kttttrtaavaad| kaTTarapaMthI hI bhAMti-bhAMti kI vikRtiyAM pUre kSetra meM phailA rahe haiM aura apanI viSailI kAryavAhiyoM se dharma ke satya svarUpa ko kalaMkita kara rahe haiM aura vaha bhI dharma ke nAma pr| Aja duniyA ke adhikatara deza yA to IsAI dharma ko mAnane vAle haiM yA .... islAma ko mAnane vAle, parantu mAnava dharma kA jhaMDA phaharAne vAle virale hI mileNge| isI kaTTaratAvAda ne AtaMkavAda kA bAnA pahana liyA hai isalie cAroM ora krUra nRzaMsatA kA phailAva tathA nirdoSoM kA raktapAta ho rahA hai| yoM pratyeka dharma ke nitya-vyavahAra meM bhI dharma zabda se 'pAralaukika sukha kA mArga' artha para hI jyAdA jora diyA jAtA hai| yahI artha dharma pAlana kartA kA nAtA isa saMsAra se tor3atA hai| ____dharma ke nAma para kI jAne vAlI kaTTaratA kI ghRNita kAryavAhiyAM hI sacce dharma ko alokapriya banA rahI hai, kyoMki sAmAnya jana dharma aura dharma ke nAma para batAye jAne vAle tathAkathita dharma kA antara AMkane meM asamartha hotA hai| jo dharma nAyakoM ne batAyA use hI vaha dharma mAnatA hai tathA yathAzakti usI kA anusaraNa karane kI vaha ceSTA karatA hai| tabhI to jaba IsAI dharmaguru dhana lekara svarga ke pAsaporTa bAMTane lage to aneka bhole bhaktoM ne dila khola kara unakA kraya kiyaa| dharma-dhAraNa se caritrazIlatA panapatI hai aura dharma ke nAma para sirpha caritrahInatA__ saccA mAnava dharma caritra kA poSaka evaM saMvardhaka hotA hai, ataH dharma ko jIvana meM dhAraNa karane se caritrazIlatA panapatI hai, sarvatra apanA suprabhAva dikhAtI hai tathA vividhatAoM ko jor3a kara unheM ekatA ke sUtra meM Abaddha karatI hai| dekhie ki zarIra ke sabhI aMga-upAMga AkAra, prakAra aura kArya meM eka dUsare se sarvathA bhinna hote haiM kintu zarIra rUpI saMgaThana meM jur3a kara kitane ekIkRta DhaMga se kArya karate haiM ki vahI khUna zarIra ke pratyeka bhAga meM saMcArita hotA hai aura vahI dila dhar3akatA raha kara pUre saMgaThana kI dazA-vidazA kA paricaya detA hai| inase Upara zarIra kI sArI gatividhiyoM ko nirdezita karatA aura jAMcatA-parakhatA hai eka akelA mstissk| zarIra ke isa svarUpa se mAnava zikSA kyoM nahIM letA ki pRthak-pRthak gati-mati ke hone ke uparAnta bhI sAre mAnava ekatrita hokara eka mAnava jAti ke 373

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sucaritram rUpa meM saMgaThita ho jaae| aisI preraNA detA hai dharma aura caritra, use vyakti-vyakti evaM samUha-samUha ke AcaraNa meM DhAlatA hai, taba kahIM mAnava gatizIla hotA hai aura pragati kI rAha pakar3atA hai| ThIka isake viparIta dharma ke nAma para calAI jAne vAlI gatividhiyAM caritrazIlatA ko girAtI haiM aura caritrahInatA ko bar3hAvA detI haiM-cAhe unheM sacce dharma ke rUpa meM sajA-saMvAra kara logoM ko batAyA jAtA ho| mithyA AdhAra para calAI gaI aisI pravRtti jo dikhane meM zubha bhI samajha meM Ave taba bhI vaha burAI hI bikheregii| mithyA se satya kadApi phUTa nahIM sktaa| burAI se burAI hI bar3hegI aura caritrahInatA se caritrahInatA hI phailegI, kyoMki jitanI kaTTaratAvAdI kAryavAhiyA~ hotI haiM unako AdhAra mithyA aura kapaTa kA hI milatA hai| vartamAna samaya kA yaha zubha saMketa bhI dikhAI de rahA hai ki jAgRti kA eka nayA vAtAvaraNa bhI janma le cukA hai aura jo vizva stara para phailane bhI lagA hai| sAmAjika rUpa se isa jAgRti kA asara yaha ho rahA hai ki sampradAyoM ke bIca saMgharSa kama aura jur3Ava kA bhAva jyAdA majabUta ho rahA hai| yaha vicAraNA bhI cala rahI hai ki sahamati ke muddoM ko ubhArA jAe aura una nirvivAda kSetroM meM adhikAdhika sahayoga bar3he, jahAM sahayoga karake sacce mAnava dharma ko sazakta banAyA jaae| rASTrIya stara para bhI kaumiyata aura majahabI alagAva ko kamajora karate hue nirapekSatA para adhika bala diyA jAne lagA hai| vizva stara para dharma ke nAma para cala rahe AtaMkavAda ko pasta karane ke lie pratirodhI zaktiyAM saMgaThita ho rahI haiM aura AtaMkavAda ke gar3hoM ko dhvasta kiyA jA rahA hai| ina sAre kAryakalApoM kA pariNAma yahI hogA ki dharma ke nAma para calAe jA rahe chadma dharma kA saphAyA ho jAyegA aura sacce mAnava dharma ko vizva bhara meM vyApta banAne ke lie sabake prayatna ekajUTa ho jaaeNge| ina AzAjanaka paristhitiyoM meM sarvAdhika AvazyakatA yaha hai ki sabhI kSetroM meM pasarI caritrahInatA para sAMghAtika coTa kI jAe aura caritra nirmANa tathA vikAsa ke lie kaThoratama prayAsa kie jAeM tAki vikasita banakara caritrazIlatA phira se mAnava ko kaI vaicArika, dhArmika, naitika evaM sAmAjika krAnti lAne aura use . saMphala banAne kA sAmarthya pradAna kara ske| yaha caritrazIlatA hI Aja ke karor3oM asaMskRta, dalita evaM zoSita logoM kA trANa bana sakatI hai tathA vizva ko ekatA evaM sarvasahayogitA ke AdhAra para khar3A kara sakatI hai| samaya kI mAMga hai ki yuvA zakti caritrahInatA ke viruddha saphala saMgharSa kI cunautI ko svIkAra kare aura apanI balidAnI vRtti tathA saMkalpa zakti kA paricaya de| eka-eka kaSTa pIr3ita ceharA isa yuvAzakti ko AzAbharI najaroM se dekha rahA hai aura eka-eka AMsU bikheratI huI AMkha apane AMsU pauMchane vAle kI bATa joha rahI hai-kyA yuvA zakti yaha saba dekhakara bhI sannaddha nahIM hogI? pAzcAtya dArzanika eca.eca. jaiksana kI bhAvanA ko apane mana meM bhI ramA leM to kaisA ho? ve kahate haiM-'yadi maiM jI sakU to kisI pIle par3e cehare ko kAntimAna banAne ke lie aura dene ke lie kisI azrudhUmila nayana ko naI camaka yA kevala de sakU kisI vyathita hRdaya ko ArAma kI eka dhar3akana yA kisI rAha calate kI thakI AtmA ko praphullita kara skuuN| yadi maiM de sakU apane sabala * hAtha kA sahArA gire hue ko to merA jIvana vyartha nahIM rhegaa|' 374

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sAmAjika pravAha kI gatizIlatAva nirantaratA hetu ho badalAva 29

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sAmAjika pravAha kI gatizIlatA va.nirantaratA hetu ho badalAva satkRti hetu cAritrika nirmANa ho ghaTanA aura bhAvanA se satya, kintu asatya nAmoM vAlI ' eka kahAnI yahAM dI jA rahI hai| laharabAI kA vivAha 1951 meM huaa| usa samaya auratoM dvArA apane pairoM meM cAMdI ke moTe kaDe pahanane kA rivAja thA, so usakI sAsa ne use vaise kar3e pahanane ko die| usane ve kar3e khuzI-khuzI lie aura phne| phira 1988 meM laharabAI ke putra vadhu AI urmilA devii| taba sAsa kA dharma pahanane ke lie cAMdI ke vaise hI moTe kar3e die| urmilA ne unheM lene aura pahanane se sApha inakAra kara diyA aura mAMga kI ki use pahanane ke lie naI DijAina vAle halke vajana ke pAyajeba die jaae| ____ taba sthiti yaha banI ki na to laharabAI use pAyajeba dene ko taiyAra huI aura na urmilA moTe kar3e pahanane ko taiyaar| donoM apanI-apanI haTha para ar3I rahI aura unake bIca dvanda lagAtAra jArI rhaa| itanA hI nahIM, lambe arse taka calA vaha dvanda saMgharSa taka pahuMca gyaa| saMgharSa tIkhA hotA jA rahA hai aura yadi samasyA nahIM sulajhI to saMbaMdha viccheda kI ghar3I bhI A sakatI hai| ' kyA hai yaha samasyA? yahI na, ki purAnI pIr3hI apanI hI calAnA cAhatI hai aura naI pIr3hI kI Apatti taka sunane 375

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sucaritram ko taiyAra nahIM, usakI mAMga mAnane kI bAta to alaga hai| sAmAnya rUpa se bhI purAnI pIr3hI kisI bhI parivartana kI AvazyakatA dekhatI-mAnatI nahIM aura AvazyakatA samajha meM bhI A jAe, taba bhI use svIkAra karanA nahIM caahtii| isa haTha se naI pIr3hI bhI haThI banI hai-balki jyAdA haThI, kyoMki nayA khUna jo hai aura vaha apanI hara bAta para-cAhe vaha acchI hai yA burI pUrA jora dene lagI hai| isa kAraNa donoM pIr3hiyoM ke bIca samanvaya aura tAlamela kI bAta nahIM baiTha rahI hai| rassI tAkata se jyAdA khiMcatI rahI to usakA TUTanA avazyaMbhAvI hai| yoM kaI sthAnoM para rassiyAM TUTatI bhI jA rahI hai| ucita parivartana bhI jaba rokA jAtA hai to javAna diloM meM lAvA bharatA hai aura taba sthiti visphoTaka bana jAtI hai| visphoTa ho jAne ke bAda hAni-lAbha kA lekhA nahIM lagatA, isa kAraNa visphoTa se pahale pakkA Akalana kiyA jAnA cAhie ki kitanA aura kaisA parivartana ucita hai tathA mAnane yogya hai| isa ke sivAya jo eka pakSa ko ucita nahIM pratIta hotA, usake bAre meM donoM pakSa carcA karake sahamati banA leN| isa Akalana meM hI vistRta rUpa se hAni-lAbha kA lekhA lagAyA jAnA cAhie aura tadanusAra parivartana ke saMbaMdha meM nirNaya lenA caahie| __ laharabAI-urmilA devI kI samasyA yoM jaTila kataI nahIM hai| cAMdI ke moTe kar3oM ko tur3avA kara pAyajeba banA lie jAe-to isameM jyAdA soca-vicAra karane kI kahAM jarUrata hai? cAMdI kI koI hAni nahIM, balki eka kar3A jor3I kI tIna-cAra pAyajeba jor3I bana sakatI haiM, jinheM laharabAI apanI anya putra vadhuoM ko bhI bheMTa meM de sakatI hai yAnI ki kula milAkara lAbha hI hogA-sirpha ghar3AI kA kharca hI atirikta hogaa| cAMdI kA sirpha rUpa hI nahIM badalegA, balki usakA maila jala jAegA tathA pAyajeba camacamAte hue dikhAI deNge| taba urmilA devI bhI prasanna ho jAegI aura donoM sAsa-bahU ke bIca sadbhAva paidA ho jaaegaa| yadi aisA parivartana nahIM mAnA jAtA hai to saMgharSa tathA saMbaMdha viccheda kA khatarA khar3A hai yAnI ki jo lAvA bharA hai, usase visphoTa ho sakatA hai| ___ yahI hai Aja ke saMsAra aura samAja kI pradhAna samasyA hai ki kyA kiyA jAe jisase anucita - - haTha saMgharSa aura saMbaMdha viccheda taka na pahuMce tathA zubhadAyaka zAzvatatA kA nirvAha karate hue sahI. parivartanoM ke sAtha saMbaMdhoM kI madhuratA ko banAe rakhI jAe? purAnI pIr3hI aura naI pIr3hI kevala apane . hI pakSa kI jAnakArI taka sImita na raheM, balki dUsare pakSa kI vaicArikatA ko bhI dhyAna meM leM arthAt viveka ke sAtha donoM pakSoM kI samasyAoM kA mila julakara adhyayana kareM aura sahamati se nirNaya leN| kRti kA svarNa-yuga aura pratikRti kA lambA aMdhakAra-kAla : ___ saMbhavataH pratyeka saMsthA, yojanA, saMgaThana, Andolana Adi kI gati meM kahIM na kahIM, kabhI na kabhI, kisI jAne yA anajAne kAraNa se bAdhA avazya paidA hotI hai aura gatyAvarodha kI sthiti sAmane AtI hai| kintu mAtra kAlacakra hI aisA ekAkI tattva hai jisakA gatyAvarodha kabhI nahIM hotaa| kAla kA cakra sadA nirantara calAyamAna rahatA hai| kAla kI paribhASA dI gaI hai ki vaha vartatA rahatA hai aura naye ko purAnA karatA rahatA hai| kAla pravAha meM sabhI tattvoM evaM padArthoM kA rUpAntaraNa hotA rahatA hai| paristhitiyAM badalatI haiM to socane-vicArane ke DhaMga bhI badalate haiN| zailiyAM aura paddhatiyAM bhI badalatI haiM, yahAM taka ki siddhAntoM ke artha vinyAsa bhI badala jAte haiM, kintu nahIM badalatA hai to siddhAntoM kA 376

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sAmAjika pravAha kI gatizIlatA va nirantaratA hetu ho badalAva zAzvata rUpa, unakI sthira guNavattA tathA mUlyavattA aura vaha badalanI bhI nahIM cAhie, balki parivartanoM kI AMdhI meM yaha guNavattA aura mUlyavattA naSTa na ho jAe-usakI satarkatA nitAnta Avazyaka hotI hai| kAla krama meM hI nayA purAnA hotA hai aura purAne ko badalane kA upakrama kiyA jAtA hai, balki samAja kI sahamati se navInatA punaH sthApita kI jAtI hai| kAla krama ke sAtha yaha krama bhI nirantara calatA rahatA hai| sAmyavAdI vicAradhArA ke pravartaka kArla mArksa ne isa krama ko sAikila (cakra) kA nAma diyA hai jise 'mArksivana sAikila' kahA jAtA hai| isake tIna bhAga haiM1. vAda (thIsisa), 2. prativAda (enTIthIsisa) tathA 3. samanvaya-vAda (siMthisisa) aura mArksa ke anusAra parivartana kA yaha krama satata rUpa se calatA rahatA hai| yaha satya bhI hai ki jaba koI bhI vaicArikatA yA vyavasthA sarvahitaiSI cintakoM ke dvArA prasphuTita, sthApita evaM pracalita hotI hai, taba vaha apane vizuddhatama svarUpa meM hotI hai| isI kAraNa use sAmAjika svIkRti bhI milatI hai| kintu kAla pravAha meM usake pracalana tathA vyavahAra meM pahale zithilatA evaM mandatA tathA bAda meM svArthaparatA evaM vaikArikatA ke doSa usameM samAne lagate haiN| nihitasvArthI varga taba vaisI vikRta vyavasthA ko jArI rakhanA cAhate haiM tAki apanI svArthapUrti ke lie Ama logoM ko apane zoSaNa, damana, utpIr3ana Adi kA upakaraNa banAe rakhA jA ske| sahana zakti kI sImAeM jaba TUTane lagatI haiM, taba sAmAnya jana kA vikSobha usa vikRti ke viruddha gaharAtA jAtA hai aura saMtoSajanaka pariNAma na milane para vaha vikSobha vidroha kA rUpa bhI le sakatA hai| yadi vidroha kI sthiti na Ane dI jAe aura samaya para cAMdI ke kar3oM kI pAyajebeM banavA dI jAe to anAvazyaka hAni se bacA jA sakatA hai| zuddha kRti prAraMbha meM rahatI hai, vikRti meM vaha pratikRti bana jAtI hai aura taba satkRti kA nayA yuga zurU hotA hai| - aitihAsika ghaTanAoM kA siMhAvalokana kareM to jJAta hogA ki bhagavAn RSabhadeva dvArA asi, masi, kRSi ke sAdhanoM ke mAdhyama se jisa naye karmayuga kA AraMbha huA thA, vaha mahAvIra ke kAla ke kAphI bAda taka bhI nirantara unnati ke sAtha claa| yahAM taka ki maurya vaMza ke rAjAoM ke zAsana kAla ko itihAsa kA svarNa yuga kahA gyaa| taba sabhyatA aura saMskRti samunnata banI to dharma jIvana ke sAtha jur3A rahA aura jIvana ko bhAvanA jagat meM naitikatA evaM zreSThatA kA paryAya banAe rkhaa| cAritrika guNoM kA sarvatra vistAra thA aura vikasita mAnava caritra ne sabhI kSetroM meM saphalatA ke naye AyAma saadhe| racanAtmakatA ne dRSTi evaM karma ko aisA sRjanazIla banAyA thA ki isa kAla ko kRti kA svarNakAla kahA jA sakatA hai| __ tadanantara itihAsa meM naye-naye mor3a Ate rahe aura yuga kRti se pratikRti meM rUpAntarita hone lgaa| pratikRti kA yaha andhakAra kAla thA jo bahuta lambA calA aura saca to yaha hai ki isa kAla ne zAyada abhI taka bhI dezaM kA pIchA nahIM chor3A hai| IsA kI pandrahavIM sadI se isa deza para videziyoM ke AkramaNa zurU hue| isa daurAna bhAratIya caritra kI aisI girAvaTa dikhAI dI ki sattA kI ApasI lar3AiyoM ne deza kI ekatA aura zakti naSTa kara dii| pahale musalamAnoM ke kaI vaMzoM ne deza para zAsana kiyA to unnIsavIM sadI meM aMgrejoM ne anya videziyoM tathA dezI rAjAoM ko parAsta kara apanA zAsana 377

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sucaritram . 378 sthApita kiyA / eka lambe svataMtratA saMgharSa ke pazcAt aMgrejoM ke zAsana se 1947 meM deza ko mukti milii| videziyoM ke lambe zAsanakAla meM itanI cAritrika durbalatAoM se deza ke sabhI varga grasta rahe ki svataMtratA prApti kI AdhI zatAbdI ke bAda bhI vizvAsapUrvaka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai ki deza ne aba bhI una durbalatAoM para vijaya pA lI hai| svataMtratA saMgharSa kA samaya racanAtmakatA aura naitikatA kI zakti vRddhi kA avazya rahA aura yadi usa samaya kI bhAvAtmakatA sahejI gaI hotI to cAritrika unnati kA yuga bhI tabhI se prAraMbha hokara Aja caritra vikAsa kI sudRr3ha sthiti bana gaI hotI, kintu dhana aura sattA kI jaisI bAda meM ApAdhApI macI usane caritra ke mor3a ko phira se pIche kI ora ghumA diyaa| Aja isI kAraNa pratikRti kI chAyA aba taka bhI ghirI huI hai, jisase na kevala rASTrIya stara para, balki samAja aura vyakti ke stara para bhI caritra kA nirmANa dhuMdhalA-sA par3A huA hai| kAla krama ke anusAra cakra eka hI dazA meM sadA phaMsA huA nahIM raha sakatA hai tathA pratikRti ke . bAda navotsAha avazya jAgatA hai aura sabhI staroM para anukUla sudhAra ke lakSaNa prakaTa hote haiM evaM satkRti kA saverA ugatA hai| kintu mAnava prayatnoM kI apekSA isa kAraNa rahatI hai aura rahanI cAhie ki aMdhakAra kAla kI samApti jaldI ho sake-rAta jaldI bIte va saverA jaldI Ave / caritrahInatA kA tamasa miTe aura parivartana ke prakAza meM satkRti ubhare : patana ke bAda parivartana kI apekSA hotI hai ki vyakti aura samAja kI gati aMdhakAra se prakAza kI ora agrasara ho, caritrahInatA kA tamasa pUrI taraha miTe aura parivartana ke prakAza meM satkRti ubhre| satkRti kA artha hai kAla pravAha evaM nihita svArthiyoM ke kukarmoM ke krama meM kRti kA jo svarUpa vikRta huA tathA vizva ke stara se lekara vyakti ke stara taka meM caritra kA jo hrAsa huA usakA zuddhikaraNa kiyA jAe tathA usa svarUpa meM zubhatA kI punarpratiSThA ho / pratikRti vikRta svarUpa kI pratIka banatI hai to satkRti punaH kRti kI yathAvat svarUpa - sRSTi kara detI hai / jana-jana ke jIvana ke sadguNoM kA vikAsa ho evaM mAnavIya mUlya jIvana ke nirdezaka tattva baneM, isake lie parivartana anivArya hai| azuddhatA se zuddhatA kA parivartana, azubhatA se zubhatA kA parivartana aura caritrahInatA se caritra sampannatA kA parivartana / yaha parivartana dharma ko vijJAna se jor3egA tathA vyakti ko vizva se tAki naye prakAza yuga kA avataraNa ho ske| yaha carcita kiyA jA cukA hai ki parivartana kA artha una parivartanoM se liyA jAnA cAhie jo samaya, sthiti evaM naI pIr3hI kI mahattvAkAMkSAoM ke anurUpa samucita siddha hote ho| aise parivartanoM ko saralatApUrvaka lAgU kara dene se sAmAjika pravAha meM gatyAtmakatA evaM nirantaratA ke tattva akSuNa raha sakate haiN| kintu yadi isake viparIta sthiti banI rahatI hai aura pratikRti kA kuprabhAva banA rahatA hai to dIrghakAla se saMrakSita sabhyatA aura saMskRti hI adhika kSarita nahIM hogI, balki sAmAjikatA mUla dharAtala bhI chinna vichinna hotA rahegA / ataH parivartana kA bindu gahana rUpa se vicAraNIya hI nahIM, apitu viveka evaM tatparatA se AcaraNIya bhI hai| isa dizA meM Avazyaka karttavya yaha hai ki gatizIla samAja meM nirantara ubharate rahane vAle parivartana ke lakSaNoM kI pahacAna prAraMbha meM hI kara lI

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sAmAjika pravAha kI gatizIlatA va nirantaratA hetu ho badalAva jAe, unake guNa doSoM ko bArIkI se samajhA jAe tathA una para sArvajanika bahasa ke mAdhyama se sAmUhika dhAraNA kA vikAsa kiyA jaae| isase lAgU kiye jAne vAle parivartanoM ko sAmAjika yA rASTrIya svIkRti mila jAegI tathA unake virodha ke avasara hI paidA nahIM hoNge| isa prakriyA ke bAda ucita parivartanoM ko lAgU karanA kaThina nahIM raha jaaegaa| isa karttavya kI ora purAnI pIr3hI to dhyAna de hI, lekina naI pIr3hI ko vizeSa sajagatA dikhAnI pdd'egii| isa sajagatA kA mUla prayojana yaha ho ki purAnI pIr3hI ke anubhavoM kA lAbha tathA ucita dizA nirdeza naI pIr3hI ko prApta ho sake aura donoM pIr3hiyoM ke bIca sneha sUtra sudRr3ha bana jaae| ____ Aja satkRti ke yuga meM praveza karane ke lie aisI sakArAtmakatA evaM racanAtmakatA kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai| isase navanirmANa kA pakSa prabala hotA jAegA aura sAtha hI pIr3hiyoM kA antarAla (jenarezana gepa) nyanatama binda para lAyA jA skegaa| eka ora navanirmANa meM cAritrika jIvantata dRSTigata hogI to dUsarI ora vyakti evaM samAja kI pragati meM avarodha nahIM A paaeNge| vyakti pUrNa utsAha se Age bar3hegA to sAmAjikatA usa pragati ke dharAtala ko samatala evaM puSTa banAtI jaaegii| vyaktigata pratibhA tathA sAmAjika zakti eka dUsarI se TakarAeMgI nahIM, balki eka dUsarI kI pUraka hokara gati ko santulita evaM tIvra banA degii| isa sthiti meM vikAsa (ivolUzana) tathA krAnti (rivolUzana) donoM tattvoM kA sundara samAveza ho skegaa| vaha samAveza vyakti hita se lekara vizvahita taka parama sahayogI ho jaaegaa| sociye ki kyA vaisA samaya svarNima nahIM bana jAegA? jaba kRti apane maila se makta hokara pana: apane zaddha svarUpa meM rUpAntarita ho jAe aura satkRti kA vAtAvaraNa cAroM ora chA jAe to vaise kAla ko hI to svarNima kAla kahA jAtA hai| aisA svarNa kAla navayuvaka evaM yuvatiyoM kI ubharatI huI karma-zakti ke sivAya kyA koI anya zakti lA sakatI hai? nahIM lA sakatI hai| parivartana kI Dora yuvA hAthoM meM jAegI tabhI caritrahInatA kA tamasa miTegA aura saphalatApUrvaka lAe gae parivartanoM ke prakAza meM satkRti kA sArabhUta svarUpa samasta vAtAvaraNa ko AcchAdita kara legaa| kintu parivartana kI Dora ko thAmanA evaM viveka, sAhasa tathA zakti kA saMtulana banAe rakhanA yuvA zakti ke lie AsAna bhI hai to paristhitiyoM kI pratikUlatA meM kaThina bhii| AsAna isa dRSTi se ki yuvA varga apane joza aura hoza se purAnI pIr3hI kA dila jItate hue use navasRjana kI ora mor3a degaa| parantu kaThinAI kA sabase bar3A kAraNa yahI banatA hai ki kabhI-kabhI yA aksara karake koI bhI pIr3hI-purAnI yA naI-apanI-apanI tAnane kI haTha nahIM chodd'tii| yaha burI Adata donoM ko chor3anI hogii| kisI bhI vivAda kA nirNaya satya ke AdhAra para karanA hogA ki kisakA kisI bAta ko tAnanA kitanA ucita hai? athavA kitanA anucita hai? jaba aucitya siddha na hotA ho aura haTha banI rahatI ho to yuvA zakti ko samAja ke lie eka sarjana (cIraphAr3a kA DaoNkTara) kA kAma karanA hogaa| jaise sarjana zarIra ke rogagrasta bhAga ko chedatA-kATatA hai, lekina roga (gAMTha Adi) nikAla kara vApisa TAMke aura marahama bhI lagAtA hai aura usa bhAga ko svastha banA detA hai| isI prakAra antima upAya ke taura para yuvA varga ko-cAhe kucha nirmama bhI honA par3e-sadbhAva ke sAtha aisI cIraphAr3a ke lie tatpara rahanA cAhie, kyoMki isake binA navanirmANa ke abhiyAna ko na dizA mila sakegI aura 379

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sucaritram na hI gati / ataH Aja kI mAMga hai ki naI pIr3hI apane mana-mAnasa ko taiyAra kare, apane viveka va sAmarthya ko jagAveM aura apane sArthaka vyavahAra se sarvAMgINa caritra ko isa taraha DhAleM jisase samAja meM visphoToM kI AzaMkAeM dUra hoM aura naye sukhada zubha parivartanoM kA patha prazasta ho / aba caritrahInatA kA tamasa sahya nahIM honA cAhie aura sudRr3ha caritra vikAsa ke sAtha satkRti ke prakAza ko saba ora phailAne ke lie kamara kasa lenI caahie| satkRti meM phira se bharane hoMge, kRti ke camacamAte raMga : jaba pratikRti patana kI gaharAI ke nicale tala taka pahuMca jAtI hai to vahIM se utthAna kI car3hAI zurU hotI hai aura vahIM satkRti kA Arambha mAnA jAtA hai| Aja kisI samAja kA kSetra ho yA rASTra kA, dharma kA kSetra ho yA rAjanIti kA, kisI varga kA prazna ho yA jAti kA, saba ora se caritrahInatA kI jo akulAhaTa umar3a-ghumar3a rahI thI, usameM eka sthagana sA pratIta hone lagA hai aura cAritrika guNoM kI girAvaTa ko rokane kI kasamasAhaTa mahasUsa hone lagI hai| yaha gatyAraMbha kA lakSaNa hai| isalie umaMga AzAspada hai| ghane aMdhere meM kahIM dUra taka bhI prakAza kI kSINa-sI rekhA dikhAI de, taba utsAha, aura sakriyatA kI naI lahara - sI phaila jAtI hai| Aja hamAre yahAM prabhAtakAla se pahale kI USA kI halkI-sI lAlI phailane lagI hai| yaha satkRti kI lAlI hai, jo pratikRti ke kuprabhAva ko samApta karake kRti jaise savAtAvaraNa kI racanA kregii| 380 isameM sandeha nahIM ki pratyeka kSetra meM samasyAoM kA jAla jaMjAla phailA huA hai, jo jaTila aura kaThina hai, phira bhI vyakti se lekara vizva taka satkRti hetu kiye jAne vAle saghana prayatnoM kA daura bhI vizvAsa dilA rahA hai ki aba aMdhera ke miTa jAne meM dera nhiiN| isa dRSTi se vibhinna kSetroM kI vartamAna avasthA kI sAmAnya sI samIkSA kreN| 1. dharma kA kSetra - caritra, vikAsa evaM jIvana kI nIMva ko sudRr3ha banAne vAle isa kSetra kI pahale carcA kreN| sampradAyIkaraNa ke kAraNa dharma kI lokapriyatA evaM sArthakatA ghaTI, kintu aba sampradAyoM ko eka dUsarI ke viruddha saMgharSa meM jhauMkane kI manovRtti manda huI hai tathA kaTTara virodhI sampradAeM bhI Apasa meM tAlamela biThAne kI kozizeM karane lagI haiN| cAhe bar3e paimAne para bar3I sampradAyoM kA mAmalA ho yA choTe paimAne para choTI sampradAyoM kA mAmalA, ApasI vAda-vivAda, khaMDana-maMDana aura AropapratyAropa kA krama samApta prAya: hai / ADambaroM, pradarzanoM tathA dikhAvoM kI jaisI bAr3ha uThI thI, usameM kucha kamI jarUra hai aura aba bhI isake lie bahuta kucha karane kI jarUrata hai| phira bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki sAmAnya jana ke mana meM aise ADambaroM ke prati titikSA avazya utpanna ho gaI hai| ADambara cala isIlie rahe haiM ki nava dhanADhya dharma ke isa avaidhAnika dvAra ko hI apanI kIrti prasAra kA mAdhyama banA rahe haiN| bhItara se dikhAvoM kI mAnasikatA itanI jarjara hotI jA rahI hai ki use eka dhakke kI jarUrata hai - majabUta hAthoM ke dhakke kI / 2. rAjanIti kA kSetra - yaha kSetra itanI prabalatA para hai ki vizva se lekara vyakti taka ko prabhAvita kara rakhA hai| dhArmika kSetra meM bhI saMsthAoM ke prabaMdhana, nirvAcana Adi kI prakriyAoM meM

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sAmAjika pravAhakI gatizIlatA nirantaratAheta hobadalAva aksara AlocanA hotI rahatI hai ki yahAM bhI rAjanIti calAI jA rahI hai| asala meM Aja rAjanIti eka ghRNita burAI kA nAma ho gayA hai| rAjanIti kI nikRSTa sthiti usake aparAdhIkaraNa kI bhI bAta calatI hai to rAjanetAoM ke bhraSTAcAra se bhI janatA vikSubdha dikhAI detI hai| lekina aba rAjanIti ke zuddhikaraNa kI mAMga joroM para hai aura vidhipUrvaka aise upAya kie jAne lage haiM ki aparAdhiyoM kA rAjanIti yAnI cunAva meM hI praveza na ho ske| cunAva sudhAroM kI gUMja bhI teja hai| sUcanA ke adhikAra ne rAjanIti ke zuddhikaraNa kI prakriyA meM janatA ke hAtha majabUta kie haiN| sattA ke vikendrIkaraNa ko bhI sudRr3ha banAyA jA rahA hai aura use grAma stara taka prabhAvI banAkara pratyeka nAgarika ko mahasUsa karane lAyaka sattA kI bhAgIdArI dI jA rahI hai| rAjanetAoM ke prati janatA ke bar3hate hue asammAnabhAva ne unheM apane caritra sudhArane ko vivaza kiyA hai| jyoM-jyoM janatA kI cetanA kAryakrama banatI jAegI, isa bigar3e hue kSetra meM sudhAra ke spaSTa saMketa sAmane Ate jaaeNge| yahAM bhI aba nirAzA kA vicAra haTatA jA rahA hai| ___ 3. arthanIti kA kSetra-aba taka jar3a banI rahI Arthika vyavasthA meM mAnavIya cehare ko pramukhatA dene kI mAMga tAkata pakar3atI jA rahI hai| sarakAroM para yaha dabAva joradAra hai ki saba tarapha berojagArI para aMkuza lagAyA jAe tathA nijI va sArvajanika udyogoM meM vAMchita logoM ko rojagAra diyA jaae| zikSA ko bhI rojagAra-paraka banAne ke prayatna jArI haiN| Arthika viSamatA kA Aja jo dardanAka dRzya hai, vaha zAsakoM ko vicalita karane lagA hai tathA buniyAdI DhAMce ke nirmANa ke sAtha evaM anyAnya yojanAoM evaM kAryakramoM ke mAdhyama se prayatna cAlU hai ki garIbI kA eka nizcita avadhi meM unmUlana ho| vizvAsa dilAyA jA rahA hai ki 2020 taka garIbI kA unmUlana saMbhava hai| baiMkoM dvArA choTe va madhyama RNoM ke bahulatA se vitaraNa dvArA choTe-choTe udyoga-dhaMdhoM meM berojagAra yuvaka niyojita kie jA sakeM-ye prayAsa bhI cala rahe haiN| sarakArI tathA gaira sarakArI saMsthAoM ke prayatnoM se Arthika viSamatA ko ghaTAne kI kasarata ho rahI hai| ___4. sAmAjika kSetra-isa kSetra meM pahale se sAmAjikatA kA bhAva paryApta rUpa se vikasita huA hai tathA sAmAjika samparka evaM sahayoga bar3ha rahA hai-yaha vizvAsapUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai| sarakArI prayatnoM ke uparAnta bhI zikSA, cikitsA, bAla-mahilA kalyANa ke kSetroM meM sAmAjika prayatna ullekhanIya banate jA rahe haiM tathA ina kSetroM meM khule dila se dAna kI pravRtti bhI bar3hI hai| bar3e-bar3e vidyAlaya tathA cikitsAlaya vibhinna samAjoM dvArA saMcAlita kie jA rahe haiM kintu harSa kA viSaya hai ki unake dvArA milane vAle lAbha ko kisI saMkucita dAyare taka sImita nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai| sarakAra kI ora se bhI nirakSaratA evaM bAla-zrama ko miTAne ke lie saghana abhiyAna calAye jA rahe haiM tathA unake supariNAma bhI sAmane A rahe haiN| lagatA hai ki dhIre-dhIre sarakAra kA kAryakSetra sImita hotA jAyagA aura vikAsa kA adhikatama kArya vikAsazIla sAmAjikatA kI chatarI ke saMrakSaNa meM A jaaegaa| 5. saMbaMdhoM kA kSetra-pichale samaya meM sarvatra saMbaMdhoM kA jo saMkaTa AyA huA thA, usameM sudhAra ke lakSaNa prakaTa hone lage haiN| saMyukta parivAroM kI TUTa ke sAtha jo mAtA-pitA evaM santAna ke saMbaMdhoM meM 381

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sucaritram 382 eka bikharAva sA A gayA thA, usake sUtra phira se jur3ane lage haiN| sarakAra ne variSTha nAgarikoM ko aneka prakAra se sammAna va suvidhAeM dI haiM to samAja meM bhI bar3e-bUr3hoM ke lie sahAnubhUti kA bhAva prabala banA hai| pArivArika, dhArmika, sAmAjika Adi kSetroM meM bhI saMbaMdhoM kI taralatA bar3ha rahI hai aura jaba saMbaMdhoM meM taralatA, saralatA aura madhuratA samAtI hai to sahayoga evaM saMvedanA kI sthiti sudRr3ha banatI hI hai| 6. sAhitya, kalA, saMgIta kA kSetra- ye tInoM kSetra mAnavIya vRttiyoM tathA pravRttiyoM ke sAtha gaharAI se jur3e hue rahate haiM aura inhIM ke rUpa-svarUpa meM mAnavIya pragati kA Akalana kiyA jA sakatA hai| ina kSetroM ke viSaya meM ho sakatA hai ki adhika paricitatA na ho, kintu philma saMsAra ke sAtha to Aja bahusaMkhyA jur3I huI lagatI hai to jAnane vAle batAte haiM ki phAsTa phUDa ke bAjAroM se lopa hone kI taraha hI niruddezya aura vilAsitA va hiMsA ko phailAne vAlI philmoM ke prati logoM kI rUjhAna ghaTa rahI hai tathA sAmAjika saMbaMdhoM ko jor3ane vAlI philmoM yA TelI- sIriyaloM kI lokapriyatA bar3ha rahI hai| Azaya yaha hai ki logoM kI Ama pasanda ne naI sudhAraka karavaTa le lI hai| vizvAtmavAda kI cetanA - sUcanA takanIka ke abhUtapUrva vikAsa ne mAnavIya bhAvanA ke udArIkaraNa ko protsAhita kiyA hai tathA apane hI zahara kI kaoNloniyoM kI taraha pUrI duniyA ke dezoM ke sAtha sahaja samparka kI sthiti bana gaI hai| isase vyApArika va vyAvasAyika vistAra to ho hI rahA hogA kintu sAtha hI vizva stara para sarvahita ke anekAneka kAryakrama bhI saphalatApUrvaka calAe jA rahe haiM jinase AbhAsa milatA hai ki kahIM na kahIM mAnavIya mUlyoM kI bhI pRSThabhUmi taiyAra ho rahI hai| saMyukta rASTra saMgha tathA usakI aneka saMsthAoM ke kalyANa kAryakramoM kA nirantara vistAra ho rahA hai jo garIbI unmUlana, strI sazaktikaraNa, kanyA- zikSA, poSAhAra vitaraNa Adi kaI upakArI kAryoM se saMbaMdhita haiN| sarvatra mAnavAdhikAra kA kArya kSetra sazakta ho rahA hai tathA sarakArI damana ke virodha meM mAnavAdhikAra AyogoM kI AvAja asaradAra ho rahI hai| paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa ke lie sabhI dezoM meM gaira sarakArI saMsthAoM dvArA upayogI kArya kiyA jA rahA hai| pazu krUratA ke viruddha tathA lupta hotI prajAtiyoM kI rakSA bhI prabhAvapUrNa kArya ho rahA hai| isa vihaMgama sarvekSaNa se itanA to spaSTa ho hI jAtA hai ki pratikRti kA aMdherA chaMTa rahA hai to satkRti kI halkI hI sahI, lAlI bikharane lagI hai| isase vizvAsa jamatA hai ki kAlacakra kA pahiyA pratikRti se satkRti kI dizA meM mur3a gayA hai aura aba isa para yuvA varga kA jora lage tathA pahiye kI gati bar3he to satkRti kI tasvIra meM kRti ke camakadAra raMgoM ko bharanA kaThina ho sakatA haidussAhasa nahIM / kaThinAI ko jItanA to yuvA varga kA priya viSaya hotA hai| aba Avazyaka hai to yaha cAroM ora caritra nirmANa tathA vikAsa kA aisA joza phaila jAe evaM sazakta kriyAzIlatA bane jisase caritrahInatA kI kAlimA sarvatra jar3a mUla se miTa jaae| naI pIr3hI kA nIMva se nirmANa bane satkRti ke caritra kI pahacAna : jaba kisI visphoTa se koI imArata Dhaha jAtI hai aura usakI nIMva taka kSatigrasta ho jAtI hai taba

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sAmAjika pravAha kI gatizIlatA va nirantaratA hetu ho badalAva isake sivAya koI anya upAya nahIM raha jAtA ki usa ImArata kA nava nirmANa nIMva se kiyA jaae| aisI hI durdazA huI hai naI pIr3hI ke caritra nirmANa kI aba taka ki usake khar3e hone kI koI Thosa jamIna usake pairoM tale nahIM rahI hai aura na hI usakI apanI pahacAna kI vizeSatA usake vyaktitva meM saphAI hai| aise meM naI pIr3hI ke nIMva se navanirmANa kI carcA uThAI jAe to vaha sabhI dRSTiyoM se upayukta mAnI jaaegii| lakSya to yaha honA cAhie ki naI pIr3hI kA navanirmANa aisA prabhAvazAlI ho jo naye satkRti yuga kI pahacAna bana jaae| aise navanirmANa ke kucha buniyAdI bindu nirdhArita kie jAne cAhie, jaise ki____ 1. caritra nirmANa kA zubhAraMbha : jaba AmUlacUla parivartana kA uddezya ho to caritra nirmANa (kerekTara bilDiMga) ko sarvopari mahattva diyA jAnA cAhie tathA yaha prakriyA usa samaya se hI prAraMbha ho jAnI cAhie jaba zizu garbhAvasthA meM ho| abhimanyu kI kathA sabhI jAnate haiM ki garbhAvasthA meM diyA gayA jJAna aura saMskAra kitanA dRr3ha aura dIrghajIvI hotA hai| isa stara se jaba caritra nirmANa kA prazikSaNa zarU ho jAyagA to vaisA navanirmANa usa ziza ko apane janma ke bAda pare jIvana meM kabhIbhI jarjarita nahIM hone degaa| 2. satsaMskAroM kA dhana : Aja ke artha ke anartha ko miTAne ke lie jarUrI hai ki prAthamika zikSA hI satsaMskAroM ke AropaNa se ho| bAlaka, kizora aura navayuvaka apane antarhRdaya meM isa satya ko sthApita kara deM ki jIvana kA uccatama vikAsa satsaMskAroM ke AdhAra para hI sAdhA jA sakatA hai| yahI saccA dhana hai| jo bhautika dhana-sampatti yA sattA kI bAta hai, vaha kitanI bhI AkarSaka lage, para antataH vaha cAritrika guNoM ko naSTa karane vAlI hI siddha hotI hai| ataH jIvana meM satsaMskAra, sadvyavahAra evaM sahakAra kI triveNI bahatI rahe-yahI sukha kA mUla hai| 3. vicAra, vANI, vyavahAra kI ekarUpatA : jo socA jAe, vahI vacana meM vyakta ho tathA jo socA aura kahA gayA hai, usakI hI chavi usake kArya meM dikhAI de-yaha sajjanatA kA lakSaNa hai| durjana kI ye tInoM vRttiyAM pRthak-pRthak aura kapaTapUrNa hotI hai| vicAra, vANI, vyavahAra kI ekarUpatA meM hI satyaniSThA spaSTa hotI hai ki satya vicAra, satya bhASA aura satya karma, sampUrNa vizva ke lie hitAvaha hotA hai| jo vyakti apane jIvana meM aisA svabhAva-saMtulana sAdha letA hai, usake lie patita se patita kA hRdaya parivartana bhI AsAna ho jAtA hai| naI pIr3hI ke navanirmANa meM isa guNa ke sampoSaNa evaM saMvardhana se vaizvika vAtAvaraNa itanA doSamukta ho sakatA hai, jaise ki satayuga kA Agamana ho gayA ho| vaise satkRti ko satayuga kI kRti kaheM to atizayokti nahIM hogii| ___4. prAmANikatA ke mAnadaMDa : prAraMbha se mAnava caritra kA mor3a Adarza dharAtala para kiyA jAegA to vaise meM caritra kA jo svarUpa nirmita hogA vahI prAmANikatA kA mAnadaMDa hogaa| satya se prAmANikatA sahaja hI meM utpanna ho jAtI hai| kintu isakI pRSThabhUmi meM jo niSThA kAma karatI hai, vaha hotI hai kartavyapAlana kI nisstthaa| kartavyoM kA samUha hotA hai saccA mAnava dhrm| karttavyaniSThA kA artha hogA dharma meM vizvAsa, ataH vaisI prAmANikatA dharma kA mukhara rUpa hogii| 5. sAdhya-sAdhana kI sunizcitatA : una logoM kA jIvana saphalatA kA svAda nahIM cakha sakatA 383

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sucaritram jo apane jIvana kA sAdhya nirdhArita karane meM hI viphala raha jAte haiN| sAdhya nirdhAraNa ke bAda hI jIvana meM gatizIlatA AtI hai jaise ki rela kA TikaTa kharIda lene ke bAda usa sthAna para pahuMcanA taya ho jAtA hai| dUsare, sAdhya nirdhArita ho jAne se yaha nizcita karanA kaThina nahIM rahatA ki usa sAdhya kI prApti ke lie kauna se sAdhana apanAe jAne caahie| saphalatA ke lie sAdhya-sAdhana kA tAlamela jarUrI hotA hai| 6. bhautikatA-AdhyAtmikatA kI pUrakatA : jar3a cetana ke saMyoga se saMsAra meM jIvana milA hai to usake saMrakSaNa evaM sadupayoga ke lie jar3a kA yogadAna bhI cAhie aura cetana kI sahAyatA bhI-yaha mAnate hue ki bhautikatA evaM AdhyAtmikatA paraspara virodhI nahIM, balki pUraka haiM, kyoMki zarIra hI to dharma-sAdhanA kA mukhya sAdhana hotA hai (zarIramAdyaM khalu dharma-sAdhanam ) / donoM tattvoM kA vyakti ke hI nahIM, samUhoM ke anyAnya ghaTakoM ke jIvana meM bhI aisA sundara sammizraNa ho ki dharma, nyAya, samatA tathA sarva sahayoga para AdhArita samAja kI racanA ho ske| ____7. 'sva' kA 'sarva' meM samAveza : caritra kI yaha zreSThatama vizeSatA hogI ki vyakti apane 'sva' ko gauNa karatA huA cale aura sarvahita ke prati itanA niSThAvAna bana jAe ki dhIre-dhIre 'sva' galatA huA 'sarva' meM samAviSTa ho jaae| sarva kI prAthamikatA hI vyakti ko pUre vizva ke sneha baMdhana meM isa taraha bAMdha degI ki pUrA vizva hI usake kuTumbavat mahasUsa hogaa| 8. saMvibhAga, sarvajIva surakSA evaM pradUSaNa mukti : arthazAstra kA ise saumyatama siddhAnta banAyA jAnA cAhie ki paga-paga para vyakti apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha 'saMvibhAga' ke siddhAnta para cle| jo kucha bhI arjita kiyA jAtA hai usa para vyaktigata svAmitva na mAnA jAe, mahAvIra kA upadeza use saMvibhAga kA karttavya detA hai| prApta ko saba meM bAMToM aura barAbara bAMToM-isase Upara kaunasA Arthika Adarza ho sakatA hai? saMvibhAga kI manovRtti sarvajIva surakSA meM pravRtta banAegI aura usase paryAvaraNa kI rakSA bhI hogI to mAnavIya mUlyoM kI sudRr3ha sthApanA bhii| taba bAhara kA aura bhItara kA bhI pradUSaNa asahya bana jAegA aura usase mukti pAne kI ora caritra ke caraNa tejI se bddh'eNge| isa prakAra caritra ke vikAsa kAraka kaI guNoM kI gaNanA karavAI jA sakatI hai jinake bala para vyakti aura vizva ke hitoM meM sundara sAmaMjasya sthApita ho jaae| isa rUpa meM caritra kA vikAsa hI naI pIr3hI ke navanirmANa kA mUla ho sakatA hai| caritra nIMva meM ho to nirmANa ke kaNa-kaNa meM bhI usakI AbhA avazya bikharegI, phira aise navanirmANa vAlI naI pIr3hI isa vizva meM satkRti kA yuga kyoM nahIM lA sakegI? dharma, ahiMsA aura lokataMtra se mizrita bane bhAvI jIvanazailI : Adhunika lokataMtra kI paribhASA hai-janatA ke dvArA, janatA ke lie tathA janatA kA zAsana aura isakI vizeSatAeM haiM-svataMtratA, samAnatA evaM zAntipUrNa sh-astitv| kintu prAcInakAla meM Aja se karIba 2600 varSa pUrva bhI lokataMtrIya zAsana kA astitva thaa| vaha zAsana thA licchavI vaMza kA tathA unakI rAjadhAnI thI vaizAlI, jahAM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma huA thaa| licchavI gaNataMtra ne bimbasAra, 384

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sAmAjika pravAha kI gatizIlatA va nirantaratA hetu ho badalAva ajAtazatru jaise niraMkuza rAjAoM ke AkramaNoM ko jhelA thA, kintu aMtataH bimbasAra ke eka maMtrI varSakara ne kUTanItika SaDyaMtra se licchaviyoM meM matabheda paidA kie, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa bimbasAra ne vaizAlI para vijaya prApta kara lii| ___ yaha to eka aitihAsika tathya hai| licchavI gaNataMtra kA yahAM ullekha karane kA Azaya yaha hai ki lokataMtra se yaha deza aparicita nahIM, balki isa zAsana praNAlI para saphalatApUrvaka rAjya calAyA jA cukA hai| vaha praNAlI bhI pratyakSa thii| lAla va kAlI paTTikAoM ke dvArA gupta matadAna kiyA jAtA thA aura bahumata ke nirNaya kriyAnvita hote the, kintu adhikAMzataH nirNaya sarvasammata hI huA karate the| ___ lokataMtra kI pahalI zarta hai-svtNtrtaa| mahAvIra ne bhI svataMtratA ko dharma kA pahalA lakSaNa kahA hai ki svataMtratA sAre guNoM meM usI prakAra zreSThatama hai jisa prakAra tAroM meM candra zreSThatama hotA hai (suutrkRtaaNg-1-11-22)| atharvaveda meM bhI svataMtratA kA samarthana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki apane Apako mukta banAo, mukta AkAza raco, baMdhanoM kI jakar3a se chur3AoM, phira garbha se mukta hue navajAta zizu ke samAna svataMtratApUrvaka apane patha kA cayana karo (6-121-4) / apane gUr3ha artha meM ahiMsA kI aisI svataMtratA hotI hai ki kisI bhI prANI ko vinAza, zoSaNa, yAtanA aura dAsatA kA zikAra mata banAo, kyoMki pratyeka AtmA meM Izvaratva kA svarUpa samAviSTa hai| pratyeka AtmA apane karmoM kA kSaya karake pUrNatva prApti kI dizA meM gatizIla hotI hai| koI aisA Izvara nahIM jisakA AtmAoM para zAsana ho yA vaha unakA koI burA yA bhalA kara sakatA ho, kyoMki svayaM AtmA apane sukha yA duHkha kI vidhAtA hotI hai| AtmA hI apanI mitra hai aura apanI zatru bhI, kyoMki usake apane acche-bure kAryoM kA phala use hI bhoganA par3atA hai| aise meM svataMtratA kA mahattva bahuta bar3ha jAtA hai ki apanI jIvanazailI kI racanA meM kisI alaukika zakti kA koI niyaMtraNa yA nirdezana nahIM hotA hai| usakI racanA kA pUrA bhAra hamAre para hI hai| isI dRSTi se paM. neharU ne eka sthAna para kahA hai-'svataMtratA aura sattA ke sAtha jimmedAriyAM AtI hai|' svAmI cinmayAnanda kahate haiM'vAstavika svataMtratA isa bAta meM nahIM hai ki tuma jaisA cAho, vaisA karo, balki isa bAta meM bhI hai ki jaisA tuma cAhate ho vaisA na bhI kro|' vAstava meM svataMtratA kA artha anuzAsana se chuTakArA athavA kisI bhI prakAra kI vyavasthA kA abhAva nahIM hotA hai, balki sahI artha yaha hai ki kisI anya ke dvArAM thopI gaI vyavasthA nahIM hotI, balki svayaM dvArA nirdhArita evaM svIkRta vyavasthA hotI hai| isalie svataMtratA hai AtmAnuzAsana, jo dharma kA prANa bhI hai to lokataMtra kA bhI prANa hai| donoM kSetroM meM anuzAsanahInatA kA koI sthAna nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki usase dUsaroM ke hitoM ko AghAta pahuMcatA hai aura usase ahiMsA kI bhI kSati hotI hai| anuzAsana hI svataMtratA kI sabase bar3I naitikatA hai aura yadi yaha nahIM hai to kaisI bhI rAjanItika, sAmAjika, Arthika Adi svataMtratA Tika nahIM paaegii| __ lokataMtra kA dUsarA staMbha hai samAnatA yA smtaa| samatA to vastutaH dharma hI mAnA gayA hai| sabhI prANI samAna haiM kyAMki mUlataH sabakI Atmika zakti samAna hai, ataH asamAna vyavahAra adharma hai| mAnavAdhikAroM ke ullaMghanoM tathA Arthika sAmAjika Adi asamAnatAoM ko samApta karanA prathama dharma mAnA jAnA caahie| saiddhAntika dRSTi se aparigrahavAda isakA samAdhAna hai jisake anusAra dhana 385

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sucaritram 386 sampatti va sattA kA saMcaya tathA svAmitva kA vicAra amAnya hai| jIvana meM mAnavIya karttavyoM kA nirvAha apanI zreSThatama yogyatA ke anusAra honA cAhie, kintu usake badale meM kisI prakAra kI sAmAjika pratiSThA kI kAmanA nahIM honI caahie| samAnatA kA prabhAva jAti vyavasthA para yaha ho ki jAti ke AdhAra para kahIM bhI kisI prakAra kA bhedabhAva na kiyA jaae| laiMgika samAnatA ke anusAra strI evaM puruSa ke samasta adhikAroM meM bhI samAnatA honI caahie| ye mUlya lokataMtra ko bhI suzobhita karate haiM to dharma ko bhI / lokataMtra kI tIsarI vizeSatA hai ki pratyeka jIvana ke sammAna evaM dUsaroM ke adhikAroM kI rakSA karane meM aTala vizvAsa rakhA jaae| isa dRSTi se mahAvIra kA anekAntavAda kA siddhAnta saMsAra ke sAre siddhAntoM meM advitIya hai ki apane vicAroM taka ko dUsaroM para na thopeM / isase bar3ha kara dharma aura ahiMsA kA abhaya kyA hogA? pahaluoM kA dRSTA ho sakatA hai, ataH koI bhI yaha dAvA nahIM kara sakatA hai ki vahI sahI hai yA yaha Aropa bhI nahIM lagA yA sakatA ki dUsarA galata hI hai| koI pahalU ke anusAra sahI ho sakatA hai to dUsare pahalU ke anusAra glt| hAthI aura aMdhoM kI kahAnI mazahUra hai| sabhI pahaluoM ko jor3ane se hI hAthI banatA hai aura agara ekAnta rUpa se eka pahalU ko hI pUrA hAthI kaheMge to vaha AMzika satya bhI asatya bana jaaegaa| kahane kA artha yaha hai ki kisI apane vicAra thopo mata, balki pratyeka vicAra kA Adara karo, use samajho - parakho aura satyAMza ko maano| isa prakAra pratyeka vicAraka apane vicAra ke satyAMza kI svIkRti ke sAtha anya ke vicAroM ke sAtha sahamati sthApita kara skegaa| isase bar3hakara satya - zodhana evaM vicAra - samanvaya kA anya mArga nahIM ho sakatA hai| vicAra samanvaya aura sahamati ke binA na dharma calatA hai aura na hI lokataMtra / sabako sAtha lekara calanA hai to anekAntavAdI praNAlI hI saphalatA dilA sakatI hai| kAraNa, yaha sahiSNu praNAlI hai| lokataMtra ke ye AdhAragata siddhAnta haiM aura ina siddhAntoM kA mAnava dharma ke sAtha kahIM koI TakarAva nahIM hai, balki jaina dharma ke to ye prayoga kie hue gaNataMtrIya siddhAnta haiM, jinakA pratipAdana svayaM mahAvIra ne kiyA thaa| dharma aura lokataMtra kI kendra bindu hogI ahiMsA, jo donoM ko maulikatA pradAna karatI hai| ahiMsA eka siddhAnta hI nahIM, apitu pUrI jIvanazailI hai, jo saha-astitva ko sAkAra banAtI hai| isa prakAra yadi dharma, ahiMsA tathA lokataMtra kA sArthaka sammizraNa kiyA jAe to vaha eka Adarza bhAvI jIvanazailI kA sthAna le sakatA hai| 'sva' ke anusaMdhAna se ubharegA lAlimAyukta cAritrika navodaya : dharma, ahiMsA tathA lokataMtra para AdhArita jIvanazailI bhI tabhI saphala ho sakatI hai jaba usake sAtha svAnubhUti kA saMyoga ho / aicchikatA mUla meM ho to vaisA niyaMtraNa sadaiva kriyAzIla rahatA hai| svecchA kA saMcAlana satata gatimaya bhI banA rahatA hai| dharma, ahiMsA aura lokataMtra tInoM kI zakti svecchA para hI prabhAvapUrNa banI rahatI hai| svecchA kA artha hai apanI icchA aura apanI icchAoM ke sahI nirdhAraNa ke lie 'sva' ko samajhanA aura pratikSaNa mahasUsa karate rahanA jarUrI hai / sva kA saMyoga jIvanazailI ke sAtha na mile to usakA bhAvanAtmaka AdhAra TUTa jAegA aura korI jar3a mazInavat

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sAmAjika pravAha kI gatizIlatA va nirantaratA hetu ho badalAva jIvanazailI na to saphala ho sakatI hai aura na hI vyakti se vizva taka ke kisI bhI stara para pragati ke patha ko nirbAdha banA sakatI hai| saMyukta rASTra saMgha ke pUrva mahAsaciva dAga hemarazolDa ne eka sthAna para kahA-AntarikatA kI yAtrA gahanatama aura sabase lambI yAtrA hotI hai| saca to yaha hai ki bAhara kI sArI vyavasthA bhItara kI yAtrA kI sucArUtA para hI TikatI hai aura TikI rahatI hai| __aisI antaryAtrA pratyeka unnatikAmI vyakti ke lie anivArya hai to aise antaryAtriyoM kI sahAyatA ke binA koI bhI vyavasthA svastha, sukhada aura sthAyI nahIM ho sakatI hai| isa antaryAtrA kA eka hI lakSya hotA hai ki 'sva' ko khojA jaae| isa khoja kA pahalA pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki kartA korA kartA hI nahIM raha jAtA hai, vaha dRSTA bhI ho jAtA hai| koI kucha karatA hai-eka bAta, kintu pratipala vaha apane ko dekhatA bhI rahatA hai ki vaha kyA kara rahA hai to isa sajagatA ko jIvana ke lie yA jIvanazailI ke lie eka varadAna mAnanA caahie| AtmanirIkSaNa, AtmaniyaMtraNa, AtmasaMcAlana ke sAtha AtmAlocanA ke jur3a jAne se vicAra, vacana, vyavahAra kA zuddhikaraNa ho jAtA hai| ina sabakA kendra bindu hotI hai svAnubhUti yAnI ki Apa apane Apako hara samaya mahasUsa karate haiM-apane ko kabhI bhUlate nhiiN| ise Atma-sAkSAtkAra bhI kaha sakate haiN| 'maiM' Atma-zakti kI pahacAna hai, kyoMki yaha 'maiM' durbala yA asahAya nahIM, para jaba jAge to pUrNatA taka vikasita hokara Izvara yA brahma kA svarUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai (ahaM brhmosmi)| bAhara meM bhaTakate hue manuSya ko yaha apanA hI 'maiM' bar3I kaThinAI se yAnI ki ekAgra abhyAsa se samajha meM AtA hai| yahI usakA 'sva' kahalAtA hai| sva kI anubhUti manuSya ko antarmukhI banAtI hai aura cetanA zakti kA bhAna dilAtI hai| dhyAna. yoga. kAyotsarga Adi anyAnya praNAliyoM se yaha abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai kintu antaHkaraNa meM jo gaharI lagana jaga jAe to varSoM kA kAma kSaNoM meM bana sakatA hai| yaha bhAvAtmaka utkRSTatA kA phala hotA hai| sva kA anusaMdhAna tathA cAritrika navodaya kA abhyAsa sAtha-sAtha calanA cAhie, jitanI bhItara kI mahasUsagirI gaharI hotI jAegI utane hI cAritrika guNa jIvanazailI meM ghulate-milate jAeMge athavA ise bhI yaha kaha sakate haiM ki cAritrika guNoM kI satata grahaNazIlatA se sva kA anusaMdhAna udita hI nahIM hogA apitu vaha paripakva bhI hotA jaaegaa| aisA cAritrika navodaya lAlimAyukta hogA kyoMki usake sAtha Antarika evaM bAhya sabhI zaktiyAM saMyukta hogii| 387.

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388 sudRr3ha saMkalpa binA camatkAra asaMbhava caritrahInatA kA cakravyUha TUTanA cAhie munidharma grahaNa karane se pUrva sthUlibhadra ne saMkalpa kiyA ki ve apane aba taka ke rAgAtmaka saMbaMdha ko rAgamukta kara leMge, kyoMki ve taba virAga ke kSetra meM praviSTha ho rahe the, jahAM se vItarAga ke sAdhya ko unheM prApta karanA thA / unhoMne tabhI vicAra karake nizcaya kiyA thA ki apane saMkalpa para aTala hI nahIM raheMge, apitu use agniparIkSA se gujAra kara pramANita bhI kreNge| isa nizcaya ke ke anusAra dIkSita ho jAne para muni sthUlibhadra apane guru samakSa upasthita hue / unakI vidhipUrvaka vandanA karake navadIkSita muni ne nivedana kiyA- 'gurudeva ! maiM apane isa muni - jIvana ko vairAgya se otaprota banAnA cAhatA hU~ ki eka dina ApakI kRpA se vItarAgatA ke patha para agrasara ho sakU~ / ' guru ko yaha suna kara atIva harSa huA, unhoMne pUchA- 'tumhArA ati utsAha sarAhanIya hai kintu tuma cAhate kyA ho ?' sthUlibhadra ne vinatI kI apanI rAgAtmakatA ke parihAra ke lie maiM isa cAturmAsa ko kozA nartakI ke AvAsa para sampanna karane kI Apase AjJA cAhatA huuN| guru ne atIva harSa se hI cAturmAsa kI svIkRti de dI / apane mukhya dvAra para AhaTa hone para kozA ne apanI

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sudRr3ha saMkalpa binA camatkAra asaMbhava

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sudRr3ha saMkalpa binA camatkAra asabhava kisI dAsI ko nahIM bhejA, balki khuda hI pAgala kI taraha uTha kara bhAgI aura usane tatkAla daravAjA khola diyaa| yaha kyA? usakI AMkheM phaTI kI phaTI raha gaI-vaha satya thA yA svapna? apane jisa priyatama kI pratIkSA karate karate usakI AMkheM patharA gaI thI aura usakA mana pUrI taraha nirAzA ke aMdhakAra meM DUba cukA thA, ve hI priyatama aba yakAyaka use apane sAmane dikhAI de to sahaja hI vizvAsa kaise ho sakatA hai? kozA nartakI thI-usake paSpa natya kI prasiddhi cAroM ora dara-dara taka phailI haI thii| vaha rUpavatI aisI thI ki dekhate hI koI bhI magdha ho jaae| usake lie sandara, dhanavAna aura baliSTha premiyoM kI kamI nahIM thii| kintu usane eka se hI prema kiyA aura vaha premI the sthuulibhdr| unakA rAgAtmaka baMdhana aisA thA ki jisake lie loga samajhate-yaha isa janma meM kyA, janma janmAntara taka bhI nahIM ttuuttegaa| kozA aura sthUlibhadra prema ke paryAya bana gae the| bahuta dinoM se na to sthUlibhadra svayaM Ae aura na hI unakA koI saMvAda isa kAraNa kozA cintita thI, duHkhI thI-eka-eka pala varSoM jaisA bIta rahA thaa| vaha usa bindu ke nikaTa pahuMca rahI thI jahAM se vikSipta dazA zurU hotI hai| aisI vihvalatA meM acAnaka apane priyatama ke darzana ho jAe aura vaha bhI apane hI dvAra para to usase adhika AlhAda aura kyA ho sakatA hai? vaha bAvarI-sI muni sthUlibhadra kI AMkhoM meM AMkheM DAla kara ekaTaka dekhatI rahI-harSAvega meM bola kucha bhI nahIM paaii|| bolanA sthUlibhadra ko hI par3A-tuma dekha rahI ho na, kozA! vaha sthUlibhadra aba nahIM rahA-yaha nayA sthUlibhadra hai muniveza meM aura vaha yaha cAturmAsa tumhAre AvAsa para sampanna karane ke lie AyA hai| kyA tuma use bhItara Ane ko nahIM kahogI? kozA stabdha thI-use samajha meM nahIM A rahA thA ki yaha nayA aura purAnA sthUlibhadra kaise hai aura cAturmAsa usake AvAsa para kyoM? usane kucha bhI samajhanA nahIM caahaa| usake cehare para prasannatA kI camaka phaila gaI, usane premapUrvaka abhyarthanA kI-mere priyatama! yaha AvAsa merA kahAM? jaba maiM hI ApakI hU~ to yaha AvAsa bhI ApakA hI huA na? phira AjJA dene vAlI maiM kauna hotI hU~? Apa to isa dAsI ko AjJA diijie| muni sthUlibhadra usa samaya kucha nahIM bole aura bhItara pahuMca kara eka alaga-thalaka vAle kakSa meM jAkara khar3e ho ge| unhoMne maryAdAnasAra AjJA mAMgI aura vastra-upakaraNa Adi eka ora rakha kara ve dhyAnastha ho ge| vaha kozA bhI vahAM se calI gaI aura apane priyatama ko rijhAne kI taiyAriyoM meM juTa gii| ASAr3hI pUrNimA kA pUrNa candra apanI dhavala cAMdanI bikhera rahA thA aura rAgiyoM ke lie jaise vAyumaMDala meM mAdakatA bhara rahI thii| taba kozA kA rAga mahArAga banA huA thA aura muni sthUlibhadra virAga kI kasauTI para car3he hue the, apane saMkalpa bala para sthita the| sthUlibhadra ke kakSa ke bAhara hI kozA ne apane prasiddha puSpa nRtya kA Ayojana kiyA thaa| nRtya vaha karegI aura dekheMge akele usake priyatama sthuulibhdr| usane bar3e hI manoyoga se puSpa nRtya zurU kiyA-phUloM kI DherI para vaha lagAtAra ghaMToM taka nAcatI rahI, binA eka bhI phUla ko hilaae| jaba vaha thaka kara niDhAla ho gaI to gira par3I aura prazaMsA ke lie usane AzAbharI najaroM se sthUlibhadra kI ora dekhaa| vaha apanA hoza hI kho baiThI ki taba bhI sthUlibhadra AMkheM banda kiye dhyAnastha hI khar3e the| 389

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sucaritram kozA pratidina kucha na kucha aisA premAbhinaya karatI rahI ki sthUlibhadra pahale kI taraha hI usa para mohita ho jAe aura usake prema pAza meM baMdha jaae| sthalibhadra ke lie bhI vaha kisI agni parIkSA se kama nahIM thaa| unakA saMkalpa bAra-bAra agni meM girane aura jalane ko hotA, kintu apane Atmabala ke prabhAva se use jalane nahIM dete| yaha krama do mAha taka calatA rahA, taba kahIM jAkara kozA kA Avega zAnta huA aura sthUlibhadra ke saMkalpa kI agni parIkSA pUrNa huii| kozA ne muni sthUlibhadra ke naye rUpa ko samajhA, rAga ke rAste se haTa virAga kI pahacAna kI aura taba vaha bhI virAga ke dharAtala para muni sthUlibhadra ke samakakSa khar3I ho gii| yaha adbhuta parivartana saMkalpa bala kA camatkAra hI thaa| saMkalpa sudRr3ha ho to vicAra kyA, kalpanA bhI sAkAra ho jAtI hai : ___ saMkalpa zakti kI koI tulanA nhiiN| apane bhItara aisI zakti jagAnA avazya hI eka tapasyA jaisA hai kintu jIvana ke kaNa-kaNa meM saMkalpa zakti jo ekarUpa hokara samA jAe to vaha kyA nahIM kara sakatI hai-yaha socane kI bAta ho sakatI hai, lekina vaha kucha bhI kara sakatI hai-isakI koI AzaMkA nahIM bctii| saMkalpa zakti sudRr3ha ho jAe to vicAra kyA, kalpanA taka saralatA se sAkAra ho jAtI hai tabhI to upaniSada meM prArthanA kA eka sUtra AtA hai-merA mana kalyANakArI saMkalpa vAlA bne| apekSita yahI hotA hai ki saMkalpa ko itanA sudRDha banA leM ki jaise usake lie sarvasva samarpita kara diyA ho aura vaha saMkalpa manobhAvoM ke sAtha dUdha-zakkara kI taraha ghula mila gayA ho| phira usa saMkalpa ke anurUpa kAryAraMbha kara deM aura usakI sampUrNatA taka DaTe raheM-saMkalpa avazyameva siddha ho jaaegaa| saMkalpatA kA artha hai manobhAvoM ke sAtha dhRta saMkalpa kI ekarUpatA, ekAtmakatA aura ekAgratA tathA jaba aisI mana:sthiti kA nirmANa ho jAtA hai to vaha saMkalpa siddha na ho-aisA kabhI ho hI nahIM sktaa| saMkalpa ko puSTa banAne meM tIna Antarika zaktiyAM kAma karatI haiM-1. icchAzakti-vaha itanI balavatI ho jAe ki saMkalpa siddhi taka usa bala meM tanika bhI mandatA na aave| Aja rAjanetAoM ke lie kahA jAtA hai ki yadi ve apanI icchAzakti banA leM to kaunasI aisI samasyA hai jisakA sattA kI sahAyatA se samAdhAna na kiyA jA ske| icchAzakti (vila paoNvara) kA prabhAva aparimita hotA hai| 2. ekAgra sAdhanA-bikhare mana se kucha bhI hAsila nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai-aise meM mana hamezA bhramita rahatA hai| kisI bhI sAdhya ko pAnA hai to usake lie ekAgra sAdhanA anivArya hai| ekAgra kA artha hai ki agra yAnI apane sAmane sirpha eka ko hI rakho-eka ke sivAya anya kucha bhI dRSTi meM hI na rhe| eka hai, eka hI dikhAI detA hai aura eka ko hI pAnA hai-yaha hotI hai ekAgratA kI avsthaa| saMkalpa siddhi ke lie ekAgratA honI hI caahie| 3. vicAra-sAmarthya-ekAgratA ke sAtha vaicArikatA banI rahanI caahie| yaha na ho ki ekAgratA kA sahI prayoga na karate hue apane mana-mAnasa ko kunda banA liyA jA athavA vicArahInatA kI sthiti A jaae| vicAra nahIM rahegA to viveka nahIM rahegA aura binA viveka ke saMkalpa kisa AdhAra para TikegA? ye tInoM zaktiyAM saMkalpa kI sudRr3hatA ke lie rAmabANa auSadhi kA kAma karatI hai| __saMkalpa ko paSTa karane ke lie prayojana aura saMkalpa ke antara ko bhI samajhanA caahie| yaha prAkRtika niyama hai ki koI bhI kArya binA prayojana ke nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| isakA artha hai ki pratyeka 390

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sudRr3ha saMkalpa binA camatkAra asaMbhava vyakti ke pratyeka kArya ke pIche koI na koI prayojana avazya hotA hai| yaha ho sakatA hai ki kinhIM kA prayojana ati spaSTa ho aura viveka pUrvaka pahale nirdhArita kiyA huA ho aura dUsarI ora kaiyoM kA prayojana unheM svayaM bhI spaSTa nahIM hotaa| prayojana kI aspaSTatA kArya siddhi kI bar3I bAdhA hotI hai to niSprayojana kArya ko nirI mUrkhatA mAnA jAtA hai| prayojana kA nirdhAraNa buddhi kA mahattva siddha karatA hai| to saMkalpa isI prayojana kA uccatara caraNa hai| hamane jo socA yA nizcita kiyA hai, vaha pUrA honA hI cAhie isa prakAra kI jo icchAzakti ubhArI jAtI hai, vaha saMkalpa kI dRr3hatA kA abhyAsa hotA hai tathA susthira vicAra, viveka aura kalpanA taka usa saMkalpa ko pUrNatA taka pahuMcAte haiN| yaha anubhava kI bAta hai ki yadi saMkalpa ke sAtha tAdAtmya sthApita kara liyA jAe to saMkalpa siddha hokara hI rahatA hai| saMkalpa zakti ke sAtha kArya kI kaThinatA bhI kama ho jAtI hai| vicAraNIya yaha haiM ki caritra nirmANa aura vikAsa ke lie vyApaka stara para koI abhiyAna cher3A jAtA hai to saphalatA ke lie saMkalpabaddha honA cAhie aura gatikrama meM paga-paga para prayojana kI spaSTatA jAMcate rahanA caahie| saMkalpa-yAtrA meM bhaya kA sAmanA tana-bala se nahIM, mana-bala se: sAmAnya yAtrAoM meM bhI aneka prakAra ke bhaya, AzaMkAeM, sandeha, avizvAsa Adi ke aMdhar3a uThA karate haiM aura mArga ko bAdhita banAte haiM to saMkalpa-yAtrA meM yaha saba svAbhAvika hotA hai| jitanA mahada kArya, utanI hI ApadAeM-bAdhAeM adhik| isakA kAraNa hai aura vaha sahI bhI hai| sonA binA agni meM tapAe zuddha nahIM hotaa| zuddha hotA hai azuddhatA samApta hone para, jo tapAne se hI samApta hotI hai| phira jIvana kaise nikhara sakatA hai binA kaThinAiyoM ko jhele aura binA una para vijaya paae| mAnava jaba taka bar3I-bar3I agni parIkSAoM se saphalatApUrvaka nahIM gujara jAtA, taba taka use mahAnatA kI prApti nahIM hotI hai| saMkalpa yAtrA to eka ati mahattvapUrNa yAtrA hotI hai, jIvana yAtrA hotI hai-usameM vividha prakAra ke bhaya saMkalpa yAtrI ko ghereM aura use DigAveM, patha bhraSTa karanA cAheM-yaha to hotA hI hai| bhaya se TakarAnA, abhaya bananA tathA sAthiyoM ko abhaya banAnA-isase manobala saMcita hotA hai, sthira aura sudRr3ha banatA hai| yaha manobala hI saMkalpa siddhi kA sabase bar3A sahAyaka tattva mAnA gayA hai| ___ itihAsa sAkSI hai ki rASTra taka apanI pragati kI prakriyA meM bhaya se grasta banate Ae haiM ve usase lar3ate bhI Ae haiM tathA kabhI jIta aura kabhI hAra jhelate Ae haiN| phira vyakti ke jIvana meM to pagapaga para taraha-taraha ke bhaya satAte hI haiN| bhArata deza ne zaka, hUNa, taimUra laMga, nAdirazAha, muhammada gajanavI Adi AkrAntAoM ke rUpa meM bAra-bAra bhaya kA sAmanA kiyA hai to Aja bhI AtaMkiyoM aura AtaMkavAdI saMgaThanoM kA bhaya sira para maMDarA rahA hai jo pUrI satarkatA aura sainika virodha ke bAvajUda bhI samApta nahIM kiyA jA saka rahA hai| saca to yaha hai ki yaha hiMsaka AtaMkavAda pUrI duniyA ke lie khatarA bana gayA hai aura Azcarya kA viSaya hai ki yaha AtaMkavAda bhI dharma yA majahaba ke nAma para calAyA jA rahA hai| nirdoSa logoM ke raktapAta para bhI dharma kA mulammA car3hAyA jAtA hai| jo bhI hai yaha AtaMkavAda Aja bhaya kA sabase bar3A kAraka banA huA hai aura bhaya saMkalpa yAtrA kA pahalA zatru hotA hai| koI bhI vicAradhArA cAhe vaha dhArmika, rAjanItika yA sAmAjika ho bhaya ke AdhAra para jaba banda (aprakaTa) vyavasthA meM kriyAnvita kI jAe to vaha hAniprada ho jAtI hai, kyoMki usa banda vyavasthA meM 391

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sucaritram / kisI naye vicAra ko Ane aura apanA asara dikhAne kA avasara hI nahIM miltaa| isase vaha vicAradhArA saMkucita aura kaTTara bana jAtI hai tathA usa samAja ko apanI hI zreSThatA ke haTha meM jakar3a letI hai| phira vaisA samAja nihita svArthiyoM kA samAja bana jAtA hai jo apanI vicAradhArA dUsaroM para thopane laga jAtA hai-thopanA arthAt balAt thopnaa| yahI Aja ke sabase bar3e bhaya-AtaMkavAda kA rahasya hai| jo amaka majahaba ko phailAne ke lie khalI hiMsA kA sahArA lete haiM aura sAtha nahIM Ane vAloM ko kAphira samajhate haiM, ve pUrI mAnava jAti ke lie AtaMka, dahazata yA bhaya kA kAraNa bana jAte haiN| isa kAraNa Aja aise aTala saMkalpa yAtriyoM kI AvazyakatA hai jo 'ghRNA pApa se, nahIM pApI se' kI manovRtti lekara isa mahAbhaya kA mukAbalA karane ke lie taiyAra hoN| AtaMkavAda kA ugravAda eka prakAra kI mAnasika dazA hI hai jo jAne-anajAne meM kaTTaratA ke behoza joza meM jama jAtI hai, jise ukhAr3ane ke lie tana bala ke virodha meM tana bala ko hI lagAne se hiMsA bar3ha rahI hai-kriyApratikriyA kA saMkaTa gaharA rahA hai, ata: isake virodha aura nirodha ke lie mana-bala laganA caahie| manobala caritra vikAsa kI upalabdhi hotA hai aura caritra vikAsa se manobala bar3he aura saMkalpa zakti usase jur3e-isake lie caritra nirmANa kI sazakta gUMja cAroM ora mukhara bananI cAhie, jo prakhara hokara AtaMkavAdiyoM kA hRdaya-parivartana kara ske| ___dUsarA mahAbhaya hai ANavika zastroM tathA ghAtaka zastroM ke ambAra kA, jisane duniyA ko bArUda ke Dhera para biThA diyA hai| Aja pratyeka nAgarika vinAza kI AzaMkA se trasta hai| yadyapi hirozimA, nAgAsAkI (jApAna) ke bAda aNubama kA aba taka kahIM prayoga nahIM huA hai, parantu sira para laTakatI naMgI talavAra ke nIce koI kaba taka niHzaMka raha sakatA hai? isa prakAra bhaya aura AzaMkA se saMsAra ko kaise aura kaba taka mukta banAyA jA sakegA, yaha jvalanta prazna hai| ozo rajanIza eka sthAna para kahate haiM-'AtaMka, bhaya, saMdeha, dahazata AtaMkiyoM yA aNubamoM se nahIM hai, vaha to eka mana:sthiti hai jo tumhAre avacetana mana meM jama gaI hai| unake anusAra AtaMka, bhaya Adi kA sAmanA bAhubala se nahIM, apane manobala se kiyA jAnA cAhie aura vaha bhI apane hI mana ke sAtha saMgharSa karake ki jamI huI bhaya Adi kI parateM mAnasikatA meM se ukhAr3a kara bAhara phaiMka dI jaae|' bhayagrasta mAnasikatA ko nirbhaya banAne ke ye upAya ho sakate haiM-1. dharma-majahaba ke aMdhAnukaraNa aura usakI kaTTaratA ko rokA jAnA caahie| isake lie prabuddha janoM ko dharma ke una ThekedAroM kA kadama-kadama para kaThora virodha karanA hogA jo apane anuyAyiyoM para aneka prakAra ke pratibaMdha lagAte haiM yA phatave Adi jArI karate haiN| 2. vyakti aura vibhinna samUhoM ke jIvana meM cAritrika AyojanoM, naitika samArohoM Adi ke mAdhyama se adhika Ananda kI sRSTi karanI cAhie tAki logoM ko bandUka kI saMskRti (gana kalcara) se salUka (biheviyara kalcara) kI saMskRti kI ora mor3A jA ske| 3. Ama logoM ke mana meM yaha dhAraNA biThAI jAe ki jIvana meM parivartana hiMsA se nahIM, ahiMsA se hI lAe jA sakate haiM aura ve parirvatana zubhatAdAyaka tathA Ananda pradAyaka ho sakate haiN| mAnasikatA ko buddhi, viveka tathA samajhadArI se bhayamukta banAnA caahie| 4. vizvAsa aura vyavahAra ko sabhI prakAra ke baMdhanoM se mukta kara denA cAhie tathA caritra nirmANa kA pahalA uddezya bananA cAhie ki ghRNA, hiMsA, IrSyA, dveSa Adi sAre mAnavatA virodhI durguNoM se mana mukta rheN| dharma se guNavattA panapanI cAhie, kaTTaratA nhiiN| 5. sabase 392

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sudRr3ha saMkalpa binA camatkAra asaMbhava Upara caritra vikAsa ke sAtha cAritrika kSamatA kA nirmANa kiyA jAe ki ghRNA, hiMsA, pralobhana, sattA lipsA Adi durguNoM kA unmUlana unake prAraMbha hone ke sAtha hI kara diyA jaae| vartamAna samaya meM hiMsA Adi ke phailAva se nAgarikoM ke tana aura mana donoM Ahata haiM, balki Aja kI sabhyatA hI ghAyala ho cukI hai, ataH tana aura mana ke ghAvoM para marahama lagA kara unheM svastha banAne kI pahalI jarUrata hai aura isake lie caritra nirmANa ke sivAya anya koI sazakta upAya nahIMjAgRti bar3hAveM, viveka ko paripakva kareM tathA dhyAna Adi se mAdhyamoM se manobala ko vikasita banAveM aura caritra vikAsa kA yaha abhiyAna, Andolana yA krama taba taka satata rUpa se calatA rahe jaba taka ki Aja ke bhayagrasta mAnava ko mAnavatA ke mUlyoM para khar3A saccA, nirbhaya aura sakriya mAnava rUpa meM na DhAla diyA jaae| aba aisA saMsAra bane jisakA pahalA mUlya ho-balazAlI kA varcasva (saravAivala oNpha di phiTesTa) nahIM, balki buddhizAlI aura bhAvanAzIla kA varcasva (saravAivala oNpha di vAijesTa) rhegaa| ApadA kitanI bhI bar3I yA kar3I kyoM na ho, sAdhya ko sadaiva yAda rakho : ___ saMkalpabaddhatA kI sthiratA ke lie do bAteM jarUrI haiM-eka to sAdhya sadaiva smRti meM banA rahanA cAhie to dUsare, vaha satsAhasa banA rahe jo kisI bhI ApadA se TakarAne meM hicakicAhaTa nahIM, cAhe vaha ApadA bhISaNa ho yA kaThora sAdhya yAda rahe aura sAdhana kI zuddhatA se DigeM nahIM to vaisA saMkalpa kabhI TalegA nhiiN| jaba hama samasyAoM aura saMkaToM se ghire hoM, taba bhI yadi dhIraja banA rahe to choTe stara para prArambha kiyA gayA pratirodha bhI saMkalpa kI dRr3hatA ke sAtha sazakta bana jAtA hai| ApadA jitanI baDI aura kaDI ho, utanI hI adhika UrjA saba ora phailAne ke lie kaThora prayAsa karanA cAhie tAki saMsAra ke sabase bar3e ghaTaka meM tathA bIca ke anya ghaTakoM se lekara sabase choTe ghaTaka vyakti taka svasthatA kA nayA vAyumaMDala saMcarita kiyA jA ske| isase vartamAna pIr3hI ke lie hI nahIM, Ane vAlI aneka pIDhiyoM ke lie bhI pragati kA patha prazasta hogA aura aisI UrjA caritra sampannatA se hI utpanna evaM prasArita kI jA sakatI hai| caritrazIlatA kA vistAra vizva taka mAnA gayA hai aura hamArA sAdhya bhI itanA hI vistRta honA caahie| yaha nita prati kA cintana ho ki sArA saMsAra hamArA ghara hai aura sabhI mAnava hamAre parijana tathA yaha dhAraNA bane ki saMsAra kA pratyeka mAnava aura prANI hamAre lie mahattva kA hai-usake sukha-duHkha hamAre sukha-duHkha haiN| yadi isa rUpa meM vizva stara kA caritra vikasita kiyA jAe to hamameM se pratyeka ke zreSTha vicAroM, uttama UrjA, avirala anubhUtiyoM evaM saba ke vyAvahArika kAryoM se vizva kI vartamAna avasthA meM zubha parivartana lAyA jA sakatA hai| hamAre cAroM ora jo ghaTa-gujara rahA hai, use zuddhatA aura zubhatA kI dizA meM mor3ane ke lie hameM nirantara dhairya evaM sAmarthya kI AvazyakatA rhegii| isake lie hameM apane caritra para, apanI AtaMrika buddhi evaM zakti para pUrA vizvAsa karanA hogA arthAt hamArA apanA AtmavizvAsa sabala aura puSTa bana jAnA cAhie jo usa prakAra ke caritra ke nirmANa tathA vikAsa ke abhAva meM saMbhava nhiiN| hamAre Atmabala ke asara se prabhAvita hoMge tathA ve bhI Atmabala ke dhanI banane kA yatna kreNge| gItA meM kahA gayA hai-vaha kArya, jo niyamita hai tathA jo 393

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sucaritram binA kisI lagAva, binA prema yA ghRNA evaM phala kI kAmanA ke binA kiyA jAtA hai, kalyANa ke mArga meM Age bar3hAne vAlA hotA hai| ___prabhu mahAvIra kahate haiM-'sabhI jIvoM ke prati dayA bhAva rakheM, kyoMki ghRNA kevala vinAza kI ora le jAtI hai|' caritra sampanna banane kA pahalA artha yaha hai ki ghRNA ko jIteM tathA sabake bIca prema, dayA aura sahakAra kI saMvadenA jgaaveN| yaha kartavya hI nahIM, dAyitva bananA cAhie ki jahAM bhI loga nirAzA ke kAle bAdaloM se ghire hoM aura jinheM prakAza kI rekhA taka na dikhAI de rahI ho, unheM apane * cAritrika kSamatA kA sambala diyA jAya tathA unake bIca raha kara unakA bhI tadanurUpa caritra gar3hA jaay| yadi pratyeka caritrazIla vyakti apane jIvana ko dUsaroM kI sahAyatA meM lagA de to ve dUsare bhI saMkaTakAla meM kyA kareM-usakA viveka pA jaaeNge| saba para pyAra, paravAha aura dayA dRSTi rahegI to usakI taralatA meM pyAra dene vAle tathA pyAra lene vAle dInoM ke hRdaya praphullatA se bhara uttheNge| zrI rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa ne kahA hai-vahAM Izvara kataI nahIM AtA, jahAM kAyaratA, ghRNA aura bhaya kA rAja calatA hai| unnata caritra kA sAdhya yahI hotA hai ki vaha dUsaroM ke utthAna aura vikAsa ke lie tyAga aura balidAna meM agraNI rahe tathA samaya Ane para sarvasva taka nyauchAvara kara dene kI tatparatA rkhe| caritrazIla vyakti ko sadaiva satarka rahanA cAhie tathA udAra-hRdaya bhI ki vaha AvazyakatA Ane para dene hI dene kA bhAva rkhe| usake kArya ke pIche kabhI nihita svArtha na rhe| AtmA kI AvAja A jAe ki prastuta samaya tyAga kA hai to usa samaya vizleSaNa, parIkSaNa athavA AlocanA kie binA dene kA krama zurU kara de| usa dAna se unheM nayA jIvana milegA, jinake sira para saMkaTa ke bAdala maMDarA rahe the| ve nayA prakAza pAyeMge, jinheM aMdherA ghere hue thaa| ApakI zakti, sAhasika vRtti evaM nirbhayatA una dalitoM, zoSitoM evaM utpIr3itoM kA caraNa bnegii| caritra vikAsa denA hI denA jAnatA hai, lene kI lAlasA kabhI nahIM rkhtaa| jarUrata maMda ko usakI jarUrata ke mutAbika dene kI aneka vidhiyAM ho sakatI haiM to aneka prakAra bhI-viveka samaya para sahI nirdhAraNa kara detA hai| vaha jJAna jo sabako jagAtA hai, vahI vizva cetanA kI ekatA kA bhI jJAna hotA hai, jo caritra nirmANa ke bAda AntarikatA meM prasphuTita hotA hai| sakala mAnava jAti kI ekatA ke vicAra ke sAtha AtmA kI zakti ubharatI hai aura saMsAra meM zubha parivartana kA zaMkhanAda karatI hai| Aja kA samaya nAjuka hai aura isameM kaTutA va dveSa ko bhUla kara dayAlutA, snehilatA tathA sajjanatA kI vRttiyoM ko jagAnA evaM kAryarata banAnA hogaa| isakA kendra binda banAnA hogA sarvatra zAnti ko aura sabase Upara vizva zAnti ko| yadi kisI kI dharma aura karma kI bhAvanAeM aba taka kriyAnvita na ho pAI hoM to vartamAna samaya se adhika anya koI upayukta samaya nahIM hogA ki Aja vaha apanA sampUrNa sahayoga vyakti se lekara vizva taka kI samasyAoM ke zAntiparNa samAdhAna meM samarpita kreN| svayaM svastha raheM aura sabako svastha rahane kI sIkha deM-svastha arthAta apane meM sthita yAnI AtmavizvAsa se bhrpr| yaha satata jAgRti kA mArga hai ki adhika se adhika vyakti caritra-vikAsa ke abhiyAna meM sAthasAtha juTeM, sthAna-sthAna para sahayogI saMgamoM kI racanA kareM tathA parahita meM sva ko arpita kara deN| jaba mAnava jAti eka banegI, saMgaThita hogI, taba Izvaratva kA suprabhAva apane sAdhya ke prati adhika 394

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sudRr3ha saMkalpa binA camatkAra asaMbhava Azvasta banAegA aura gati tvarita pragati meM badala jaaegii| sAdhya ke prati satata jAgarUkatA hI to Izvaratva kI AbhA pradAna karatI hai| caritrahInatA ke cakravyUha ko tor3o, saMkalpa se, saMskAra se, sadAzaya se: ___ caritrahInatA arthAt vikRtiyoM, viSamatAoM tathA taraha-taraha kI burAiyoM kA jamAvar3A bar3A vikaTa hotA hai to duScaritroM kI cAleM amAnavIya tathA ghaatk| unakI kAragujAriyoM meM krUratA kI mAra milAvaTa hotI hai| yaha saba dekhate hue caritrahInoM kI kAma karane kI vidhi ko cakravyUha jaisI jaTila mAnI jA sakatI hai| isa kAraNa caritrahInatA ko parAsta karanA cakravyUha ko bhedane jaisA hI hotA hai| kintu yaha cakravyUha bhedana abhimanyu ke samAna AdhA adhUrA nahIM honA cAhie arthAt caritra-vikAsa abhiyAna meM pravRtta kAryakartAoM ko pUrA prazikSaNa diyA jAnA cAhie ki caritrahInoM kI hIna gatividhiyoM kA kaise sAmanA kiyA jAya tathA kisa prakAra unake AcaraNa meM badalAva lAkara unheM caritrahIna se caritrazIla banAyA jAya? acchAI aura burAI kI lar3AI bahuta purAnI hai aura isI lar3AI kI pratIka rUpa meM kahI jAtI hai-devAsura saMgrAma kthaa| deva acchAI ke pratIka aura asura burAI ke| donoM ke bIca lar3AI kA krama banA rahatA hai| yahI lar3AI hai caritrahIna aura caritrazIla ke bIca kI, kintu isakI kalpanA kucha anUThI hai| yaha lar3AI bhItara kI mAnI jAtI hai jisakI raNabhUmi apanI hI AntarikatA hotI hai| manuSya isa lar3AI kA purodhA hai| vaha burAI ko karane vAlA bhI hai aura acchAI kA samarthaka bhii| manuSya ke antaHkaraNa meM usakA yahI dvanda calatA hai| mana mUrchA meM bhaTaka rahA ho to vaha vikRti, viSamatA aura burAI meM DUbA rahatA hai bebhAna jaisA aura jaba taka koI dayAlu puruSa use jhiMjhor3atA nahIM taba taka vaha jAgRta bhI nahIM hotA hai| kintu manuSya hamezA bebhAna nahIM rahatA, avasara Ate hI jAgRta hotA hai, apanI hI burAiyoM se khuda lar3atA hai aura acchAiyoM se apanI jholI bhara letA hai| yahI manuSya-manuSya kI jIvana gAthA hotI hai aura jAgaraNa abhiyAna sadaiva phaladAyaka siddha hote haiN| isa vizleSaNa kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki manuSya jAgatA hai, sotA hai, phira jAgatA hai-yaha krama banA rahatA hai, kintu vaha jAgatA rahe adhika samaya taka aura kabhI so bhI jAve to jAgaraNa kA zaMkha aisA gUMjatA rahe ki vaha jyAdA sotA na raha jaae| jAganA, jagAnA aura jagAe rakhanA-yaha mUlamaMtra hai caritra nirmANa evaM usake nirantara vikAsa kaa| - Aja kI tAtkAlika samasyA yaha hai ki manuSya adhikAMzataH supta hai, zithila hai aura niSkriya hai aura sote rahane vAle ke ghara meM kisma-kisma ke cora ghusa jAveM aura burI taraha lUTapATa macAveM-yaha to hotA hI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki mAnava caritra Aja vibhinna vikRtiyoM se kalaMkita hai, usakA jIvana jAgaraNahIna hai aura tadanusAra vaha caritrahIna bhI hai| caritrahInatA hai hI nahIM, balki gaharA gaI hai aura usako dekhate hue use miTAne ke prayAsa bhI utane hI saTIka hone caahie| roga jitanA asAdhya, cikitsA utanI hI asAdhAraNa ho tabhI kAma bnegaa| devAsura saMgrAma meM devatAoM kA bala bar3hanA hI cAhie tabhI to asuroM ko burI taraha se parAsta kiyA jA skegaa| isa kAraNa Aja caritrazIlatA ko ubhAranA kisI bhI gaMbhIra cunautI se kama nahIM hai| aisI cunautI ko jhelanA, use jItane ke lie saMkalpabaddha honA tathA sAdhya ko prApta kara lenA-yaha saba atizaya dAyitvapUrNa hai| 395

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sucaritram caritrahInatA ke aise jaTila cakravyUha ko bhedane ke lie aura tor3ane ke lie yuvA zakti kriyAzIla bane-yaha samaya kA AhvAna hai| isa vijaya ke lie ina antarrAyudhoM kI sahAyatA lI jA sakatI hai 1.saMkalpa : saMkalpabaddhatA ke mahattva kA Upara pratipAdana kiyA jA cukA hai| saMkalpa kI zakti adbhuta hotI hai aura itanI adbhuta ki vaha asaMbhava ko saMbhava karake dikhA deM, kyoMki saMkalpa sampUrNa Atma-zakti ko ekatrita karake saMgharSa hetu sAmarthya se paripUrNa banA detA hai| saMkalpa kA lakSya itanA ekAgra aura kendrita bana jAtA hai ki usake sivAya saMkalpakartA ko anya kucha bhI dikhAI nahIM detA aura isa tAdAtmya kA supariNAma hotA hai saMkalpa kA saphala honaa| saMkalpa saphala arthAt lakSya prApta aura lakSya prApti jIvana kI anamola upalabdhi hotI hai| caritra nirmANa tathA vikAsa kA saMkalpa yadi yuvA zakti ke sAtha ekarUpa, ekAgra aura kendrastha bana jAe to saphalatA ko koI bhI zakti bAdhita nahIM banA sakatI hai| yaha ajeya zastra hai| 2. saMskAra : koI bhI sad saMkalpa vahI kara sakatA hai jo saMskArita hai tathA sad saMkalpa kI pUrti bhI satsaMskAroM kI kSamatA ke sAtha hI saMbhava hotI hai| saMskAra pAramparika hote haiM aura paramparAeM svastha rIti se nibhAI jAtI raheM to saMskAroM kA krama bhI svastha banA rahatA hai| saMskAritA vyakti ke jIvana se udbhUta hokara apanI zuddhatA evaM zubhatA samAja ke kSetroM meM khule hAtha bAMTatI hai| saMskAritA kA vyApaka phala samUhoM ko milatA hai aura vastutaH saMskAritA kA nirmANa bhI samUhoM kI vibhinna prakAra kI gatividhiyoM ke AdhAra para hI hotA hai| jo samAja saMskAroM kI zuddhatA evaM zubhatA ke prati sAvadhAna rahatA hai, vaha caritrahInatA ke cakravyUha meM muzkila se hI phaMsatA hai aura paristhitivaza phaMsa bhI jAtA hai to use usase ubarane ke lie adhika AyAsa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai| saMskAra nirmANa, caritra nirmANa kA hI mukhya aMga mAnA jAtA hai| 3. sadAzaya : sadAzaya kA artha hai-acchA bhAva, jo pratyeka manuSya aura prANI ke lie rahanA caahie| sabakA bhalA cAhanA, kisI kA bhI burA na cAhanA aura hamezA sabake bhale ke lie hI bolanA tathA kAma karanA-yaha sadAzaya kA sIdhA-sA matalaba hai| jo sadAzayI hai, vaha niSkapaTa hai, ni:svArthI hai aura sarala svabhAva vAlA hai| sarala hai, vaha sajjana hai aura sajjanatA caritrazIlatA kA pahalA guNa hotA hai| jisakA Azaya sadaiva sad, zuddha aura zubha ho vaha vibhAva kI vikRti se nahIM baMdhatA aura sadA paropakAra ke lie mukta hRdaya se kAryazIla rahatA hai| yoM saMkalpa, saMskAra aura sadAzaya aise brahmAstra haiM, jinake Age caritrahInatA kA kaisA bhI kasA huA cakravyUha kyoM na ho, TUTa kara cUra-cUra ho jAtA hai aura jar3a mUla se ukhar3a jAtA hai| caritra vikAsa ke abhiyAna meM dhyAna yoga kA sambala bhI apUrva siddha ho sakatA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se tana aura mana donoM ko ekAgra banA kara avasthita ho jAnA tathA viziSTa vicAraNA ke sAtha mana kI gatividhiyoM ko niyaMtrita rakhanA dhyAna hai| aise dhyAna ke lie ekAnta sthAna, anukUla vAtAvaraNa tathA anya suvidhAeM Avazyaka hotI haiM, parantu dhyAna kI eka naI vidhi bhI vikasita huI hai ki calate-phirate, rela-basa meM car3hate-utarate, oNphisa meM kAma kAja karate rahate hue bhI isa vidhi se dhyAna kI sAdhanA 396

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sadRr3ha saMkalpa binA camatkAra asaMbhava kI jA ske| Apa bAhara kA koI bhI kArya bhale karate raheM, kintu bhItara meM apanI AtmA kI AvAja sunane kA abhyAsa bhI karate rheN| vahI bAta hai ki bAhara meM kartA aura bhItara meM dRssttaa| kartA aura dRSTA eka sAtha bane rahane meM koI vyavadhAna nahIM AtA, balki donoM kSetra sughar3atA se kArya karane lagate haiN| isakI saphalatA satata jAgarUkatA meM chipI hotI hai| vaha jAgarUkatA nirapekSa ho| vastutaH dhyAna ko saba ora se kaTa kara kucha karane ke anuSThAna ke rUpa meM dekhane kI apekSA isa rUpa meM dekhanA viziSTa rUpa se phaladAyI hotA hai ki Apa apane sAmane jo kucha kara rahe haiM, usake saMbaMdha meM bhItara-bAhara se jAgRta raheM aura apane dRSTA bhAva ko jAgRta rkheN| aise dhyAna yoga kI sAdhanA karane vAlA svayaM to caritrazIla hotA hI hai kintu caritrazIlatA kA aisA prabhA maMDala raca detA hai ki usake samparka meM Ate hI caritrahInatA kI kar3iyAM khuda-ba-khuda TUTane lagatI hai aura caritra nirmANa kI kramikatA zurU ho jAtI hai| dRSTA bhAva yAnI satata dhyAna yoga ke supariNAma Azcaryajanaka rIti se sAmane Ate haiN| sAmAjika anyAya ko miTAne se miTegI caritrahInatA : - samAja, rASTra yA anya prakAra ke samUhoM meM jaba vibhinna vargoM ke sAtha anyAyapUrNa vyavahAra panapatA hai tathA nihita svArthI varga usa anyAya ke jariye apanI svArtha pUrti karatA hai, taba eka ora sAmAjika anyAya kI jar3eM majabUta hotI hai to dUsarI ora caritrahInatA kI jaTilatA bhI pecIdI banatI jAtI hai| sAmAjika anyAya ke phalasvarUpa samAja meM vibhinna prakAra kI viSatAeM bar3hatI haiM aura vikRtiyAM phailatI haiN| alpasaMkhyA meM loga artha Adi anyAnya zaktiyoM se sampanna hote haiM to bahusaMkhyA zoSaNa va damana se pIr3ita hokara taraha-taraha kI abhAvagrastatA se duHkhI bana jAtI hai| phira dhanADhya varga kA caritra giratA hai dhana ke mada meM to nirdhana varga vivazatAoM ke dabAva meM apane caritra ko khotA hai| isa prakAra caritrahInatA kI doharI mAra aisI hotI hai ki samacA samAja caritra kI apanI pahacAna gamA baiThatA hai| caritrahInatA sAmAjika anyAya aura viSamatAoM ke vAtAvaraNa se bar3hatI aura phailatI hai to isakA nidAna bhI sApha hai ki sAmAjika anyAya ko miTAie tathA viSamatAoM ko dUra karake samatA kA vAtAvaraNa banAie-caritra vikAsa kA cakra svayameva tejI se ghUmane laga jaaegaa| ___ isa dRSTi se sAmAjika nyAya ke lie bhI sAtha-sAtha meM lar3AI lar3anI hogI to pahale yaha samajhanA jarUrI hai ki sAmAjika nyAya kA svarUpa kaisA honA cAhie? hara kisI ko samAja ke bar3e dAyaroM ke anubhava hue hoM yA nahIM, kintu pratyeka vyakti apane parivAra ke nyUnAdhika anubhava avazya rakhatA hogaa| yaha parivAra pUre vizva kA hI eka choTA-sA ghaTaka hotA hai ataH parivAra ke anubhava vizva ke vistRta paTala ke vAstavika vAtAvaraNa kA AbhAsa avazya de sakate haiN| isa choTe ghaTaka ke nyAya kA citra hI samajha leM to use bar3A banA kara (enalArja karake) dekha sakate haiN| eka parivAra meM Apa janma lete haiM, poSita hokara bar3e hote haiM aura vahAM sabake sAtha acchA sAmaMjasya banA kara apanA pUrA jIvana bhI sukha zAnti se gujAra sakate haiM parivAra meM Apake mAtA-pitA hote haiM, dIrghAyu hoM to dAdA-dAdI bhii| sAtha hI bhAI-bahana bhI hote haiN| ApakA aura una sabake vivAha bhI hote haiM jinase parivAra ke sadasyoM kI saMkhyA bar3hatI rahatI haiN| parivAra ke anubhava lene kA cakra ApakI samajha pakar3ane jitanI umra hote hI zurU ho jAtA hai aura umra bar3hane ke sAtha anubhavoM meM pakAvaTa AtI rahatI 397

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sucaritram" . . hai| apane inhIM anubhavoM aura pAsa-par3ausa ke parivAroM ke anubhavoM ko sameTa kara vizleSaNa kareMge to Apako vAstavika nyAya-anyAya ke paridRzya sApha dikhAI deMge aura unakA bheda bhI samajha meM Ane lgegaa| ye anubhava Apako nyAya se milane vAle saMtoSa tathA anyAya se upajane vAle roSa kI jhalaka bhI dikhaaeNge| taba Apa apane ina sAre anubhavoM ko nyAya tathA anyAya ke do vargoM meM bAMTa kara unakA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kreN| phira usa adhyayana ko sAmAjika nyAya ke adhyayana meM Aropita karake apane niSkarSa nikaaleN| adhyayana kI gaharAI ko ina sarala udAharaNoM ke mAdhyama se smjheN| dRzya eka-pahale eka nyAya sampanna parivAra kI jhlk| sabhI parivAra jana apanI yogyatA evaM zakti ke anusAra kAma karate haiM, kAma kA tadanusAra baMTavArA bhI karate haiM, lekina kisI kI kama yA adhika kAryazakti athavA prApta Aya para koI aMgulI nahIM utthaataa| sabako sabakI bhalI nIyata para bharosA hotA hai so kAma apanIapanI zaktibhara-para khAnA, pInA, pahananA, rahanA-sahanA sabakA karIba-karIba eka samAna, balki bAlakoM, rogiyoM aura vRddhoM kI kAryakSamatA nahIM jaisI hone para bhI unake lie adhika pauSTika AhAra, adhika suvidhA aura adhika vyaya sAdhya dekhbhaal| eka bhAI ke bacce sabhI bhAiyoM ke bacce yAnI koI kisI eka bhAI kA baccA nahIM-sabhI eka parivAra ke bcce| aise parivAra kI nyAyapUrNa vyavasthA kA Akalana yaha rahA-zakti sAdhana-sampUrti, ApasI mela milApa, gaharA vizvAsa, abheda dRSTi aura sabake sammAna, sukha meM sabakA sukha tathA eka kA duHkha sabakA duHkh| eka sajIva citra eka sabake lie saba eka ke lie kaa| __dRzya do-aba eka anyAyagrasta parivAra kI jhlk| mAtA-pitA apane Ananda-yoga meM apanI hI saMtAna ke hita kI upekSA kareM-baccoM ko AyA saMbhAleM aura mA~eM klaboM meM mauja udd'aaveN| pitA ko vyavasAya se tanika phurasata nahIM-bacce-bacciyAM naukaroM ke bhrose| pyAra se vaMcita bacce bhI haThI, durAgrahI aura pratizodhI-bar3e hone para alaga-alaga vidizAoM meM bikhara jAte haiM, vyasanagrasta, akelepana ke tanAva se pIDita. seksa rogI aura snehahIna nirmama svabhAva vaale| eka makAna meM rahate hue sabakA eka sAtha mila kara baiThanA, batiyAnA aura manovinoda karanA muzkila aura vRddhoM ke sAtha nibhAha pAnA to ekadama mushkil| aparAdhagrasta ho jAnA, manamAnA kharca karanA aura dUsaroM kA jitanA jhapaTa sake, jhapaTate rahanA-yaha ghora svArtha dRSTi bana jAtI hai| aisA parivAra lambA calatA nahIM, kahIM bIca meM hI akasmAt aisI TUTa hotI hai jaise ki koI durghaTanA ghaTI ho, eksIDeMTa huA ho| ___ aba karie nyAya aura anyAya ke vAtAvaraNoM tathA pariNAmoM kI tulanA aura AMkie una pariNAmoM kA antr| phira Akalana karie caritrazIlatA athavA caritrahInatA ke antara kA aura apane isa adhyayana ko samAja, rASTra yA vizva ke vistRta phalaka kI dazA-durdazA ke sAtha lAgU kiijie| kaI dRSTiyoM se anubhavoM meM samAnatA pratIta hogii| yaha pratIti hI Apako sAmAjika anyAya ke sAtha saphala saMgharSa karane tathA saba ora caritra kA yathocita vikAsa sampAdita karane kI preraNA degii| eka nyAya sampanna parivAra ke samAna hI anya bar3e ghaTakoM meM bhI nyAyapUrNa vyavasthA sthApita kI jA sake to usakA pariNAma hogA-mAnava samAja kI ekatA, mAnavIya mUlyoM kI sthApanA, udAra hArdikatA aura 398

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sudRr3ha saMkalpa binA camatkAra asaMbhava sabake zaktibhara sahayoga se sabakI samAna abhivRddhi| jIvana kA svastha nirmANa, jo deza, duniyA aura parI mAnava jAti ke svAsthya kI dekharekha karane meM parNa sakSama hogaa| mala rUpa se uttama pariNAma yaha rahegA ki sarvatra cAritrika guNoM kI paryApta samunnati-saba sabake hitaissii| yoM to yaha pariNAma asAdhya-sA lagatA hai, kintu yaha caritrasAdhya avazya hai| vaise bhI sAdhya UMcA aura Adarzamaya ho to pragati kI gati rAha nahIM bhaTakatI aura zuddha sAdhanoM se vilaga bhI nahIM hotii| hInatA kA uttara hotA hai sampannatA ataH caritra sampannatA hI pradhAna sAdhyaH nihita svArthI bhale hI saMtuSTa raheM, kintu caritrahInatA kI paristhitiyoM meM pUrA samAja dhadhakate hue asaMtoSa meM jalatA rahatA hai| kyoMki jIvana mUlyoM kI girAvaTa meM Ama AdamI kabhI-bhI saMtuSTa nahIM raha sakatA hai| caritrahInatA kI samasyA Aja eka varga yA dUsare varga kI athavA, eka deza yA dUsare deza kI hI samasyA nahIM raha gaI hai, balki samUcI mAnava jAti tathA mAnava sabhyatA kI samasyA banI huI hai| isa yuga ko eka asAdhAraNa yuga kaha sakate haiM jaba jIvana mUlyoM ke abhAva meM jIvanayApana karanA paDa rahA hai| yaha yaga hiMsA. AtaMka aura uttejanAoM se bharA haA hai aura canautIparNa hai| lagatA hai ki jaise zAnti aura caritrazIlatA manuSya kI prathama AvazyakatA nahIM raha gaI hai| vizva meM cAroM ora vyApta hiMsA, tanAva, zoSaNa, utpIDana, vijJAna ke vinAzakArI svarUpa aura azAnti ke bIca sabhI dArzanika, vicAraka, vaijJAnika, zikSAvida, patrakAra, upAsaka tathA mAnavatA premI isa tathya se ciA haiM ki jIvana ke guNAtmaka mUlyoM kA kyA bhaviSya hai? yaha satya hai ki mAnava sabhyatA evaM mAnava-caritra ke vikAsa ke sAtha jIvana ke sabhI guNAtmaka mUlya bhI apane caramotkarSa para pahuMce the, lekina Aja unhIM mUlyoM kA aisA bhayAvaha patana bhI ho gayA hai| utthAna ke bAda patana aura patana ke bAda utthAna, yaha prakRti kA niyama hai tathA isake anusAra jIvana mUlyoM kI punarsthApanA Aja kI jvalanta samasyA hai| mAnava sarvazreSTha prANI hai, kyoMki usake pAsa jJAna hai, viveka hai, apanA cintana hai aura darzana hai| usake pAsa apanI Atmazakti hai jise pariSkRta karake use Izvara tulya banA lene kI kSamatA bhI usake pAsa hai| jIvana mUlyoM kI girAvaTa se vaha kSamatA kaMThita hotI hai| pariSkAra vikAra meM badalatA rahatA hai aura gaNavattA caritrahInatA meM gama hotI rahatI hai| isa patana ko saMbhAla lene kA nAjuka daura Aja A gayA hai kyoMki jIvana malyoM kA sIdhA saMbaMdha manuSya kI AdhyAtmika evaM bhautika unnati ke sAtha jur3A huA hai| janamata kA adhyayana spaSTa karatA hai ki jIvana mUlyoM ke tanika kSaraNa kI avasthA meM bhI tIkhI pratikriyAeM sAmane AtI haiM aura ise jAgaraNa kA lakSaNa mAnanA caahie| yahI jAgaraNa sampUrNa samAja meM phaile, tabhI jIvana mUlyoM kI punarpratiSThA kI AzA balavatI ho sakatI hai| sIdhA sAdA vizleSaNa hai ki caritrahInatA kA ekamAtra uttara hai caritrasampannatA aura isa dRSTikoNa se Aja kA pradhAna sAdhya caritra-sampannatA hI hai| caritra-sampannatA kI sTeja AegI caritra nirmANa evaM vikAsa ke bAda, ata: Aja se hI aisA prayAsa prAraMbha ho-yaha anivArya hai| yaha nirvivAda satya hai ki caritrahInatA sarvatra hiMsA meM ubharatI hai tathA hiMsA kA antima vistAra vizva yuddhoM meM prakaTa hotA hai| yuddhoM ke pichale AkaMr3e itane cauMkAne vAle haiM ki unheM jAnakara hI 399

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sucaritram utsAha jAgatA hai ki durdazA kI mAM caritrahInatA ke unmUlana ke lie vaha saba kucha kiyA jAnA cAhie jo vyakti aura samAja ke vaza meM ho| prathama vizva yuddha (1914-18) meM eka karor3a loga mAre gae to dvitIya vizva yuddha (1944-46) ne pAMca karor3a logoM kI jAna lii| eka svisa vaijJAnika je. je. pAbela ke anusAra pichale 5500 varSoM meM yAnI aba taka duniyA meM choTe bar3e 14500 yuddha hue haiN| aura inameM karIba 364 karor3a loga kAla ke gAla meM samAe / isakA artha hai ki sAtaveM dazaka meM jitanI AbAdI duniyA kI thI, lagabhaga itanI hI AbAdI yuddhoM meM svAhA ho cukI hai| hiMsA ke arthazAstra kA anumAna bhI lagA hai ki Aja vizva meM prati miniTa dasa lAkha amerikI DaoNlara ke hisAba sa kharca ho rahA hai| eka sarvekSaNa yaha bhI hai ki agale 25 varSoM meM, agara zastrAstroM kI hor3a nahIM rokI gaI to isa para 30 araba DaoNlara kharca ho jaayeNge| yaha dhanarAzi usa sampatti ke kula mUlya ke barAbara hai jise Aja taka manuSya ne saMsAra meM apane zrama se arjita kI hai| hiMsA ke isa vyApAra ke sAmane isa trAsadI para kama dhyAna hai ki Aja duniyA kI kula chaha araba kI AbAdI meM se karIba do araba loga garIbI kI rekhA se nIce apanI jindagI ko ghasITa rahe haiN| dhyAna hai to yaha ki bar3e deza araboM-kharaboM ke hathiyAroM kA utpAdana kara rahe haiM aura bhArata jaise vikAsazIla deza bhI hathiyAra kharIda kara Aga meM ghI DAla rahe haiN| prativarSa vikAsazIla deza hI 40 araba DaoNlara ke hathiyAra kharIdate haiN| 400 mAnava samAja aura sabhyatA ko Aja hiMsA kA sabase bar3A khatarA hai| isake alAvA moTe tIna aura khatareM haiM- pazcima ke vikasita dezoM kA 'nava-sAmrAjyavAda, naslavAda aura dhArmika kaTTaravAda' / soviyata saMgha ke vighaTana ke bAda antarrASTrIya rAjanIti meM bar3hatA amerIkA kA anucita hastakSepa tathA dharma-majahaba ke nAma para dezoM kA dhruvIkaraNa isa bAta ke saMketa haiM ki hiMsA kA tAMDava aba bhI sabake siroM para laTakatI naMgI talavAra hai| rAjyoM aura dezoM kI sarakAroM kA kAmakAja isa dikhAve para calatA hai ki unakI loka-kalyANa kI avadhAraNA hai kintu asala meM usakA tarIkA adhinAyakavAdI hotA jAtA rahA hai| isa samUcI durdazA ke kAraNa ke bAre meM gaharAI se soceM to eka hI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki hamArA AcaraNa hI isake lie doSI hai| Aja jIvana mUlya jisa gati se eka-eka karake dhvasta ho rahe haiM aura caritrahInatA phaila rahI hai - yaha gahana cintA kA viSaya hai / bhAratIya cintana evaM saMskRti kA yaha nicor3a rahA hai ki jaba taka logoM ko jIvana ke mUlabhUta tathyoM, guNavattA ke mUlyoM tathA cAritrika guNoM se paricita nahIM karAyA jAtA unheM inheM apanAne ke lie pratibaddha nahIM banAyA jAtA, taba taka na to sAmAjika vyavasthA sucArU evaM pragatiparaka bana sakatI hai aura na hI vyakti aura samAja kI unnati sarvahitaiSitA kI dizA meM Age bar3ha sakatI hai| Aja janatA ke caritra, jJAna aura samAja bodha ko naye sire se jagAnA hogA ki vaha unnata jIvana mUlyoM, siddhAntoM tathA AdarzoM ko samajheM, una para calane kA saMkalpa leM tathA caritra sampannatA ke pradhAna sAdhya ko prANapaNa se prApta karane ke lie kaTibaddha ho jaaeN| yadi Aja ke daura meM vyakti aura samAja mila kara yaha saba nahIM kiyA to Ane vAlA kAma aura Ane vAlI pIr3hiyAM hameM kadApi kSamA nahIM kregii|

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saMkalpita, samarpita va sarvasva sauMpane kI tatparatA hI yuvA kI pahacAna

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saMkalpita, samarpita va sarvasva sauMpane kI tatparatA hI yuvA kI pahacAna yuvA pIr3hI ke sAmane asIma cunautiyA~ dhanurvidyA pratiyogitA kI kaThina cunautI pratiyogiyoM ke samakSa rakhI gaI -nIce kar3Aha meM pAradarzI tela bharA huA thA aura Upara eka cakra ghUma rahA thA jisa para TaMgI huI thI eka kRtrima machalI aura nIce kar3Aha meM dekhate hue ghUmate cakra kI usa machalI kI dAhinI AMkha ko zarasaMdhAna karake bhedanA / dhanuSa-bANa kA nizAnA bArIkI se sadhA huA ho, ve kuzala hAtha hI aisA camatkAra dikhA sakate the| apanI dhanurvidyA kA kauzala dikhAne ke uddezya se pratiyogiyoM ko bulAnA AraMbha kiyA gyaa| pahalA pratiyogI AyA to dhanuSa hAtha meM lene se pahale usase pUchA gayA- 'tumheM kitanA kyA dikhAI de rahA hai?' vaha kucha samajhA, kucha nahIM samajhA aura bolA- 'mujhe saba kucha dikhAI de rahA hai-darzaka, pratiyogI, nirNAyaka, tela kA kar3Aha, cakra, machalI Adi saba / merI dRSTi sApha hai, usameM koI doSa nahIM hai|' uttara sunakara nirNAyaka ne use vApisa lauTa jAne kA nirdeza diyaa| dUsarA, tIsarA aura isa prakAra kaI pratiyogI Ae aura una sabase yahI prazna pUchA gayA, kintu kisI kA bhI uttara nirNAyaka ko saMtuSTa nahIM kara skaa| taba bArI AI arjuna kI / dhanurvidyA meM arjuna se 401

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sucaritram adhika pAraMgata eka hI svayaM zikSita vyakti sAmane AyA thA-ekalavya kintu arjuna para garva karane vAle droNAcArya use saha na sake aura ekalavya ke dAhine hAtha kA aMgUThA kaTavA kara arjuna ke zIrSa sthAna ke viSaya meM ve nizcinta ho ge| astu-yahAM to arjuna ke adbhuta kauzala kA varNana kiyA jA rahA hai| arjuna se bhI vahI prazna kiyA gayA, kintu vaha uttara ekadama alaga thaa| arjuna ne kahA-'mujhe kucha bhI dikhAI nahIM de rahA hai sivAya machalI kI dAhinI AMkha ke, jisa para mujhe zara saMdhAna karanA hai|' uttara sunakara saba cauMke yaha kaisI bAta hai? kyA arjuna kI dRSTi avaruddha ho gaI hai so sArA paridazya hI lapta ho gayA hai| kinta nirNAyaka kI makha madrA para saMtoSa aura sarAhanA kI rekhAeM khiMca aaii| unhoMne saharSa ghoSaNA kI ki kevala arjuna kA hI uttara sArthaka rahA hai| cunautI kA sAmanA karane se pahale mana, bhAva aura vicAra kI ekAgratA Avazyaka hai aura isa ekAgratA se dRSTi kI ekAgratA sadhatI hai| jaba eka bindu ko nizAnA batAyA gayA hai to eka kuzala dhanurdhArI usa bindu ke alAvA aura kucha kyoM dekhegA? use jaba vaha kevala eka bindu hI dikhAI detA hai to usakA zara-saMdhAna usa bindu ke bAhara jA hI kaise sakatA hai? ___ mana aura dRSTi kI sampUrNa ekAgratA ke sAtha jaba arjuna ne usa kaThina cunautI ko cunautI mAnakara nIce dekhate hue Upara tIra calAyA to usase machalI kI dAhinI AMkha bhida hI gii| kaisA bhI sAdhya ho, utkRSTa ekAgratA kisI bhI cunautI ke sAmane kabhI-bhI hAra nahIM mAnatI hai| yuvAjana apanA vyaktitva pracaMDa banAveM, eka mazAla se aneka mazAleM jalAveM : ___ vyakti svayaM meM eka tathya hai, kintu usakI caritrazIlatA, guNavattA evaM kAryakSamatA kA paricAyaka hotA hai usakA vyktitv| yaha vyaktitva mUla meM prakRtidatta hote hue bhI vizeSa rUpa se racanA kA vastu viSaya hotA hai| vyaktitva gar3hA jAtA hai pAramparika saMskAroM, zikSA ke prabhAvoM tathA vAtAvaraNa ke anubhavoM se, kintu yathArtha meM vyaktitva kA nirmANa svayaM vyakti apane saMkalpa zakti ke AdhAra para karatA hai| tabhI to bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke vyaktitva dRSTigata hote haiN| kinhIM kA vyaktitva itanA pracaMDa ho jAtA hai ki usakI prAbhAvikatA apratima bana jAtI hai| kaI anya vyaktiyoM ke sivAya svayaM paMDita neharU bhI gAMdhI jI ke vyaktitva ke saMbaMdha meM kahA karate the ki jaba bhI hama bApU kI kisI bAta kA virodha karane ke lie aneka tarka sajA kara unake sAmane jAte to unake vyaktitva kI na jAne kaisI prAbhAvikatA thI ki hama apane sAre tarka bhUla jAte aura unakI hI bAta ko svIkAra karake lauTa aate| yaha pracaMDa vyaktitva kI bAta hai aura yuvA apanI Ayu, apanI UrjA tathA apanI niSThA ke anusAra racanAtmakatA kA ekAgra anusaraNa karate hue apane vyaktitva ko pracaMDa banA sakate haiN| ___ sampUrNa saMskAritA, zikSA evaM adhyayanazIlatA kA ekamAtra uddezya hotA hai zreSTha vyaktitva kA sRjana / Aja bhI yahI uddezya vartamAna hai, kintu bala diyA jAtA hai bahiraMga vyaktitva ke nirmANa meM, jo antaraMga nirmANa ke abhAva meM saMtulita evaM sthira rUpa nahIM le pAtA hai| jabaki bala dene lAyaka uddezya kA vaha bhAga hotA hai manuSya kA vikAsa, manuSyatva kA vikAsa evaM manuSyatva ke cAritrika guNoM kA vikaas| gar3he gae vyaktitva meM jhalakanA cAhie vaha antarmAnava, jo apanA uttama prabhAva saba para 402

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saMkalpita, samarpita va sarvasva sauMpane kI tatparatA hI yuvA kI pahacAna DAlatA hai, jo apane saMgI-sAthiyoM para jAdU sA asara dikhAtA hai aura jo zakti kA mahAn kendra bana jAtA hai| aise zaktisampanna antarmAnava kA vyaktitva aisA patha-pradarzaka bana jAtA hai, jisakA anusaraNa karane ke lie logoM ke bIca hor3a maca jAtI hai| Adhunika yuga meM bhI aise pracaMDa vyaktitva ke darzana hue haiM gAMdhI jI ke antarmAnavIya vyaktitva meN| zAstroM, graMthoM tathA itihAsa ke pannoM para aneka pracaMDa vyaktitvoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jo Aja bhI yuvA varga ke lie preraNA ke srota bane hue haiN| ___ kyA Apa dekhate haiM ki apane AsapAsa kI sArI duniyA meM kyA ho rahA hai? apanA prabhAva banAnA aura calAnA-yaha hara koI kara rahA hai| hamArI zakti kA kucha aMza to hamAre zarIra dhAraNa ke upayoga meM AtA hai aura zeSa aMza kA dUsaroM para prabhAva DAlane meM vyaya kiyA jAtA hai| yaha prabhAva DAlane kI jo kriyA hai, usake bhinna-bhinna uddezya ho sakate haiM jo acche parahita ke bhI ho sakate haiM to bure svArtha siddhi ke bhii| uddezya ke anurUpa hI vyaktitva kI prAbhAvikatA kA guNa vikasita hotA hai| hamArA zarIra, hamAre cAritrika guNa, hamArI buddhi aura hamArA Atmika-bala, ye saba lagAtAra kisI na kisI bahAne se dUsaroM para apanA prabhAva DAlane kI ceSTA karate rahate haiN| yahI prakriyA dUsaroM ke saMbaMdha meM bhI calatI hai aura hama unake prabhAva se bhI nyUnAdhika rUpa meM prabhAvita hote haiN| prabhAva kA krama donoM ora calatA rahatA hai aura prabhAva ke ghanatva ke anusAra koI kama aura koI adhika prabhAvita hotA hai| prabhAva kI prakriyA ko bhI thor3I-sI bArIkI ke sAtha samajhane kI jarUrata hai| eka udAharaNa se smjheN| eka vyakti Apake pAsa AtA hai, vaha khUba par3hA-likhA hai, bolI bhI madhura hai| Apake sAtha ghaMTe bhara bAtacIta karatA hai, phira bhI vaha apanA asara nahIM chor3a paataa| eka dUsarA vyakti AtA hai, vaha ine gine zabda hI bolatA hai jo zuddha taka nahIM hote, phira bhI Apako pratIta hotA hai ki vaha Apa para bahuta asara kara gayA hai| aisA kyoM hotA hai? isa prakAra ke anubhava sabhI ko ho sakate haiM aura unakA kAraNa spaSTa hai| manuSya para kisI dUsare kA jo prabhAva par3atA hai, vaha sirpha zabdoM, zakla sUrata yA pahanAve kA hI nahIM hotA-vaha to mAmUlI hotA hai| asalI asara to par3atA hai usake vyaktitva kA, jise vaiyaktika AkarSaNa bhI kahA jAtA hai| kyA rahasya hai vyaktitva kA aura kaisA hotA hai vaiyaktika AkarSaNa? vyakti eka sAmAjika prANI hai aura usake vyaktitva ke tattvoM ko ginAveM to ve ho sakate haiM-vyakti kI Antarika kSamatA, bhAva zuddhatA, vizAla hRdayatA, kartavyaniSThA, AdhyAtmika cetanA evaM anya cAritrika gunn| isI prakAra bAhya tattva hai-vyakti kA zArIrika DhAMcA, sphUrti, vyavahAra ke tarIke, milanasAritA aadi| samuccaya meM vyakti kI manovRtiyoM, sAmarthyo, yogyatAoM, ruciyoM tathA adhiruciyoM ke vizeSa saMgaThita rUpa ko usa vyakti ke vyaktitva kA nAma diyA jA sakatA hai| vyaktitva meM sammilita hote haiM usake sthAyI guNa, usake anubhava, usakI sAmAjika tathA anyAnya kriyAeM, naye saMyoga, gatizIla dhAraNAeM, usakA jaivayika AdhAra, vyavahAra kArya meM usakI abhivykti| eka amUrta tathya aisA hotA hai jise khojanA par3atA hai aura usa kA vizleSaNa karanA hotA hai| vyaktitva ke pradhAna nirdhAraka hote haiM-1. zarIra kA kriyAtmaka dRSTikoNa, 2. sAmAjika dRSTikoNa tathA 3. sAMskRtika dRssttikonn| saMskRti ke sAtha vyaktitva kA ghaniSTha saMbaMdha hotA hai, balki saMskRti hI vyaktitva kI abhivyakti hotI hai| 403

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sucaritram vyaktitva ke viziSTa guNoM kA ullekha isa rUpa meM kiyA jA sakatA hai-1. uttaradAyitva kI bhAvanA, 2. sammAna pradarzana, 3. naitikatA kA svarUpa, 4. yauna naitikatA, 5. kaSTa sahiSNutA, 6. manovRtiyoM kI racanAtmakatA, 7. vyavahAra ke pratimAnoM kA nirdhAraNa, 8. pAlana-poSaNa evaM prazikSaNa aadi| sva kI dhurI para ghUmatA hai eka saphala vyaktitva aura parahita ke lie sarvadA tatpara rahatA hai vh|| vyaktitva kaI prakAra ke ho sakate haiM, jaise pracaMDa, tejasvI, ImAnadAra, madhura-snehila, mohaka Adi aura inake prabhAva bhI isI prakAra vividha hote haiN| samartha vyaktitva vAle vyakti aura vyaktitvahIna vyakti ke prabhAva meM hI bar3A antara hotA hai, balki vyaktitvahIna eka prakAra se prabhAvahIna hotA hai| soceM ki pratyeka parivAra meM eka kartA yA mukhya saMcAlaka hotA hai| koI-koI saMcAlaka ghara calAne meM saphala hotA hai to koI prayatna karane para bhI asaphala rahatA hai| aisA kyoM hotA hai? jisako asaphalatA milatI hai, vaha dUsaroM ko kosatA hai aura unheM apane apayaza ke kAraNa batAtA hai| parantu manuSya aksara karake apanI kamajorI aura apane doSoM ko svIkAra nahIM karatA hai aura yahI dikhalAne kI koziza jArI rakhatA hai ki vaha nirdoSa hai tathA sArA doSa dUsaroM ke sira mar3ha detA hai| saca meM asaphala mukhya saMcAlaka ko svayaM se hI yaha prazna pUchanA cAhie ki kyoM kaI loga apane ghara acchI taraha calAte haiM, kintu vaha kyoM nahIM calA sakA? jaba antara para gaharA vicAra kiyA jAegA, taba vyakti aura vyaktitva kA antara bhI usako spaSTa ho jaaegaa| saccA manuSyatva yA vyaktitva hI vaha tattva hai jo saba para prabhAva DAlatA hai-vyakti ke karma to usakI bAhya ke rUpa se prakaTa hogA hI-kAraNa ke rahate kArya kA AvirbhAva avazyaMbhAvI hai| Aja yuvA varga ko vyaktitva kI vizeSatAoM ko hRdayaMgama karake apane vyaktitva ko pracaMDa rUpa denA cAhie, kyoMki unheM caritrahInatA ke cakravyUha ko chinna-bhinna karanA hai| jo vyaktitva pracaMDa hogA, vaha durjana se durjana tathA krUra se krUra vyakti ke dila ko bhI dahalA degA aura sAtha hI unake mana meM pazcAttApa kI dhArA bahA degaa| pracaMDa vyaktitva ko eka mazAla ke mAninda mAnie aura aisI prajvalita mazAla, jo eka nahIM, saiMkar3oM-hajAroM-lAkhoM bujhI huI mazAloM ko jalAtI jAtI haiM-unameM pracaMDatA ke prANatattva bharatI huI calI jAtI hai| phalasvarUpa eka tejomaya vAtAvaraNa kI sRSTi hotI hai, jo zubha parivartanoM ko sAkAra karane meM jAdU jaisA kAma karatA hai| samaya kI mAMga hai to yaha ki Aja kA yuvA varga apanI pahacAna banAve, apane maMda par3e vyaktitva ko saMvAre aura upayukta bhUmikA ke sAtha caritrahIna vRttiyoM tathA manovRttiyoM ko badala dene ke prabhAvazAlI abhiyAna kA sahabhAgI bne| Atma-niyaMtraNa, manobala evaM saMtulana meM hai svastha vikAsa kA rahasya : ___ vyakti hai aura vyaktitva nahIM hai, manuSya hai aura manuSyatva nahIM hai athavA mAnava hai aura mAnavatA nahIM hai to vaise vyakti, manuSya yA mAnava ko jIvanta nahIM mAna sakate haiN| vyakti zarIra hai to vyaktitva usakI AtmA hotI hai| aba binA AtmA ke zarIra kA kyA mUlya hai-yaha sabhI bhalIbhAMti jAnate haiN| ataH Avazyaka hai ki apane prANatattva kA saMcAra kiyA jAe tathA apane vyaktitva kA nirmANa hI nahIM, usake samyak evaM svastha vikAsa ke upAya bhI kie jaae| vyaktitva ke svastha vikAsa kA rahasya ina upalabdhiyoM meM batAyA gayA hai .404

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saMkalpita, samarpita va sarvasva sauMpane kI tatparatA hI yuvA kI pahacAna 1. Atma niyaMtraNa : jahAM moTaragAr3I meM gati bar3hAne kA saMyaMtra eksakleTara hotA hai, vahAM gati rokane ve niyaMtrita karane vAlA saMyaMtra breka bhI hotA hai| kAraNa, gati hai kintu yadi usa para niyaMtraNa nahIM hai to yaha saMbhava nahIM hogA ki gati ko rAstA bhaTakane se rokane kI dRSTi se use yathApatha mor3ane kA upakrama kiyA jA sake yAnI ki sAmane ghAtaka bAdhA A jAne para gati ekadama roka dI jA ske| saca pUchA jAe to gati ke AMrabha ke sAtha hI niyaMtraNa kI vyavasthA jarUrI hai| vyaktitva ke svastha vikAsa ke mArga para Age bar3hate hue apanI hI AtmA ke niyaMtraNa se bar3ha kara anya kaunasA niyaMtraNa adhika prabhAvI ho sakatA hai? isa dRSTi se Atma-niyaMtraNa kI pUrI mahattA hai| kaise prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai -niyaMtraNa? isa niyaMtraNa kA rahasya dharma meM hI nihita hotA hai| pahale dekheM ki apanI gatividhiyoM meM apanI hI AtmA kA niyaMtraNa kyoM nahIM raha pAtA hai? vyakti ke jIvana meM usake mUla svabhAva ko vikRta karane vAle aneka doSa saMlagna hote haiM aura ve vikAra mana aura indriyoM ko mohita karate rahate haiM tathA unheM AtmA kI AvAja kI avahelanA karane ke lie ukasAte rahate haiN| ye doSa ina vAsanAoM tathA lAlasAoM ke rUpa meM hote haiM-krodha, ahaMkAra, rAga, lobha, bhaya aadi| ye doSa Atma-niyaMtraNa ko zithila aura bhaMga karavAte rahate haiM-isa kAraNa pahale ina doSoM para niyaMtraNa karanA hogA arthAt mana aura indriyoM ko AtmA kI AvAja ke anusAra calane kA abhyAsa karAnA hogaa| taba AtmA kA niyaMtraNa sthApita ho jaaygaa| jo tattva adRzya yA aprApya haiM, una para bhale vizvAsa jamane meM vilamba lage, kintu jIvana vyavahAra meM zAntipUrNa evaM tanAva rahita vAtAvaraNa banAne meM yogadAna karane vAle guNoM tathA tattvoM para to zIghra hI vizvAsa jama sakatA hai-hAM, isake lie sacce dharma ke prati-mAnava dharma ke prati AsthA honI hI caahie| apane mAnasika tathA bhAvanAtmaka stara para Avazyaka guNoM ke saMbaMdha meM dharma para vizvAsa na karanA ucita nahIM hogaa| kama se kama upayogitA tathA pratyakSa lAbha kI dRSTi se hI mUlyavattA prApti hetu dharma ke prati jhukAva honA caahie| yaha mAna lenA cAhie ki Atma-niyaMtraNa kI kuMjI dharma ke hI pAsa meM hai| 2. manobala : AtmA aura indriyoM ke bIca kI kar3I hotI hai mana aura isI kAraNa kahA gayA hai ki mana hI baMdhana kA kAraNa hai tathA yahI mana mokSa kA bhI kAraNa hai (manaH eva manuSyANAM kAraNaM bNdhmokssyoH)| isakA artha yaha hai ki mana jaba indriyoM kA sAtha detA hai to AkAza ke samAna ananta icchAoM (icchA hu AgAsasamA aNaMtiyA) kI pUrti kA indrajAla dikhAtA hai aura aneka prakAra ke baMdhanoM se isa jIvana ko jakar3a kara use niSkriya karatA rahatA hai| parantu yahI mana indriyoM kA sAtha chor3a kara AtmAnuzAsana meM A jAtA hai taba yahI AtmA kA pramukha bala bana jAtA hai jise kahA jAtA hai mnobl| manobala AntarikatA se paripUrNa hotA hai tathA jitane vaibhAvika doSa haiM unheM ghaTAne-miTAne meM pravRtta banatA hai evaM AtmA ko usake mUla svabhAva meM sthApita karane ke lie prayAsarata rahatA hai| manobala jIvana meM vyaktitva-vikAsa kA pramukha sambala bana jAtA hai| jIvana nirantara gatizIla rahatA hai aura yadi ise pragati kI dizA meM gatizIla banAe rakhanA hai to yaha dAyitva manobala pUre prabhAva ke sAtha nibhA sakatA hai| isa AtmA meM ananta vikAsa kI apAra zaktiyAM tathA saMbhAvanAeM bharI par3I haiM, jinheM prakaTa karane ke lie AcchAdanoM aura AvaraNoM ko dUra haTAnA hogaa| ye AcchAdana aura AvaraNa haiM atRpta icchAoM ke, vikRta doSoM ke tathA viSamatAjanya vikAroM ke| inheM dUra haTAne ke lie manobala 405

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sucaritram / hI sakSama hotA hai tathA yahI manobala vyaktitva ke svastha vikAsa meM bhI puSTa sambala kA kAma detA hai| jaba jIvana meM vyaktitva kA vikAsa prAraMbha hotA hai to mAnava dharma kA zItala sparza milatA hai, jo baMdhana mukti kI dizA meM Age bar3hane ke lie prerita karatA hai| isa prakAra dhArmika cetanA evaM sAmAjika cetanA ke saMgama se vyaktitva ke vikAsa meM hI nahIM, balki samAja ke sarvAMgINa vikAsa meM bhI eka racanAtmaka krAnti ke darzana hote haiN| yaha krAnti samagra jIvana meM ekarUpatA sthApita karatI hai aura yoM vyakti tathA samAja ke pArasparika sahayoga se jIvana ke uccatama lakSyoM ko prApta karanA bhI sahaja ho jAtA hai| kintu isa samagra vikAsa ke mUla meM dRr3ha evaM sthira manobala kA maujUda rahanA anivArya hai| 3. santulana : niyaMtraNa karane aura gati karane kI zaktiyoM kI upalabdhi ke sAtha hI usa viveka kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hotI hai jo nirdezita kare ki kaba gati kisa vega se karanI hai tathA kina dazAoM meM kisa prakAra kA niyaMtraNa lAgU kiyA jAnA caahie| isa viveka ko saMtulana kA nAma deN| yaha saMtulana do bhinnatAoM ke bIca meM apanA mArga banAne kI kalA sikhAtA hai| sabhI jAnate haiM ki cAhe bAhya jIvana kI vastueM hoM yA Antarika jIvana kI vRttiyA~-saba meM paga-paga para vibhinnatA dikhAI detI hai, viparyAsa pratIta hotA hai tathA virodhAbhAsoM kI jhalaka milatI hai| aise meM do virodhI vicAra yA avasthAeM sAmane hotI hai jinake bIca meM se nirvahana hokara Age bar3hanA hotA hai| isa vakta meM saMtulana kI tAkata AjamAnI hotI hai| saMtulana kA sAdA-sA artha tolanA yAnI do yA adhika virodhI pakSoM kA apane viveka ke tarAjU para tolanA ki kyA heya hai aura kyA grAhya aura phira grAhya ko grahaNa kara lenA-yaha hai upayogitA saMtulana (bailensa) kii| jaise rassI para apane karataba dikhAtA hue naTa idharaudhara jhukate hue bhI apanA santulana banAe rakhatA hai aura Age calatA rahatA hai yA eka sAikila cAlaka samatala yA asamatala donoM prakAra kI bhUmiyoM para baileMsa rakhate hue samAna gati se daur3atA rahatA hai| santulana icchAoM aura vAsanAoM ke abhAva meM apane manobala ko gatizIla evaM pragatizIla banAe rakhane kI sarvottama kalA hai| ___sAra yaha hai ki niyaMtraNahInatA kI koI gati nahIM, hAM, durgati jarUra ho sakatI hai aura niyaMtraNa to hai kinta manobala nahIM hai to hAtha meM to hote hae bhI breka ko samaya para dabA kara gati ko roka lenA kaThina ho jaaegaa| niyaMtraNa bhI hai aura manobala bhI hai kintu santulana nahIM to vaisA vyaktitva vivekahIna hone se samaya para yathocita nirNaya nahIM le sakegA jisake kAraNa manobala TUTa sakatA hai yA niyaMtraNa bhaMga ho sakatA hai| ataH vyaktitva ke svastha vikAsa ke lie tInoM guNa-Atma niyaMtraNa, manobala tathA santulana atyAvazyaka hai aura inhIM guNoM kI sahAyatA se caritra kA vikAsa bhI sahajatApUrvaka kiyA jA sakatA hai| jIvana ke sArthaka prayAsa, pratibhA kA prasphuTana evaM yuvA zakti : vizvAtmavAda ke vikasita evaM phalita hone kI vartamAna avasthA meM isa vizva ko ekatA, sauhArdratA evaM sahayogitA ke sUtroM se jor3ane ke lie jIvana ke kyA sArthaka prayAsa ho sakate haiM athavA mAnava caritra ke vikAsa ko kyA dizA dI jAe ki vaha vizva sampUrNa mAnava jAti evaM prANiyoM ke 406

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saMkalpita, samarpita va sarvasva sauMpane kI tatparatA hI yuvA kI pahacAna lie sukhada AvAsa bana sake? amerIkI rASTrapati phaiMkalina DI. rUjavelTa ne eka sthAna para kahA hai'hama cAra mukhya mAnavIya svataMtratAoM se sampanna bhAvI vizva kI ora AzAbharI najaroM se dekhate haiM-1. bhASaNa evaM vicAra prakAzana kI svataMtratA vizva meM pratyeka sthAna para ho, 2. isI prakAra apanI-apanI vidhi se apane-apane dharma kI upAsanA kI svataMtratA, 3. kisI bhI prakAra kI AvazyakatApUrti kI svataMtratA arthAt Avazyaka vastuoM kA abhAva kisI ko hI kahIM para na ho, 4. bhaya mocana kI svataMtratA yAnI ki vizva meM kahIM bhI koI kisI bhI prakAra ke bhaya se trasta na rhe|' ye cAra maulika svataMtratAeM unhoMne batAI aura AzA jatAI ki vizva avazyameva eka dina ina svataMtratAoM se sampanna bnegaa| caritra nirmANa aura vikAsa kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAe to kyA ye cAra mUla svataMtratAeM isakA bhI sAdhya kyoM na bane? yaha vizva ekatA ke sUtra meM baMdhe aura pUrI mAnava jAti paraspara sahAyaka bane to vicAra prakAzana, upAsanA, abhAvapUrti evaM bhayamukti kI svataMtratAeM avazya hI aise vAtAvaraNa kI racanA kara sakegI jisameM eka ora bhautikatA evaM AdhyAtmika kI sazakta pUrakatA spaSTa banegI to dUsarI ora vyakti se vizva taka kA stara Apasa meM jur3a kara pragati ko sthiratA evaM nirantaratA pradAna kregaa| vaha sthiti avazya hI mAnava caritra ke lie cAritrika gaNoM se sampannatA kI avasthA bana sakegI jaba saccA mAnava dharma phalIbhUta hogA evaM mAnavIya mUlyoM kI vyavahAraparaka guNavattA prasthApita bnegii| mAnavIya adhikAroM kA samarthana karate hue saMyukta rASTra saMgha ke vartamAna mahAsaciva kophI annAna kahate haiM-mAnavIya adhikAroM kI zikSA itanI mahattvapUrNa kyoM hai? kyoMki yUnesko ke saMvidhAna meM aMkita hai-'cUMki yuddha pahale manuSyoM ke mastiSka meM upajate haiM, isa kAraNa manuSyoM ke mastiSka meM hI pahale zAnti kI rakSA-paMkti nirmita kI jAnI cAhie'-isa dRSTi se jitanI adhika saMkhyA meM mAnava samudAya apane adhikAroM kA jJAna karegA, utanA hI jyAdA dUsaroM ke adhikAroM tathA hitoM kA sammAna bar3hegA, jisase acche avasara paidA ho sakeMge ki pUrI mAnava jAti zAntipUrvaka rIti se eka sAtha rhe| mAnavAdhikAroM kI zikSA se hI logoM kA mAnasa banegA aura ve adhikAroM kA kahIM bhI ullaMghana nahIM hone deMge, phalasvarUpa yuddha to dUra, kahIM choTe moTe saMgharSa bhI nahIM hoNge| 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' athavA vizvAtmavAda kA yahI to sAdhya hai aura yahI caritra vikAsa kA bhI sAdhya hai, jo choTe stara se zurU hokara bhI isa Adarza ko apane samakSa rakhakara sakArAtmaka rIti se kArya kregaa| . jIvana ke aise prayAsoM ko sArthaka kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki ekatA tathA sahayogitA se pratibaddha mAnava jAti avazya hI mAnava dharma kA anta:karaNa pUrvaka pAlana karegI tathA apane mUlyoM kI prANapaNa se rakSA bhI kregii| isa sAdhya ko hastagata karane kI dizA meM Age bar3hane ke sAtha hI vartamAna jIvana kI jaTilatAoM ko samajha lenA caahie| ye sArI jaTilatAeM mAnava-vyavahAra kI hI upaja haiM to mAnava inakA parihAra bhI sArthaka vyavahAra se hI kara sakatA hai| savAla hai ki ina jaTilatAoM ko kaise jAneM aura kaise apane prayAsoM ko sArthaka banAveM? Aja kI hamArI khokhalI zikSA praNAlI yaha saba kucha nAgarikoM ko nahIM sikhAtI, na hI vibhinna dharma-majahaba inase saMgharSa karane kI sahI sIkha dete haiN| manuSya ke mana meM jIvana ke sArthaka prayAsoM kI preraNA jagAve-aisA koI sazakta sAdhana dRSTi meM nahIM haiN| viDambanA to yaha hai ki viparIta sthiti banI huI aura zikSA praNAlI ho yA dharmopadeza-manuSya ke 407

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sucaritram 408 mana meM asurakSA evaM bhaya ke bhAva hI jyAdA paidA karate haiN| jIvana kI jaTilatAoM ko miTAne kI preraNA yA zikSA dene ke sthAna para unako DarAyA jAtA hai aura jIvana kI dhArA ko apane-apane nihita svArthoM ke anusAra mor3ane kI ceSTAeM calatI hai| bhaya vaicArikatA tathA pratibhA ko kuMThita karatA hai aura manuSya ke soca ko kuMda banA kara use parAvalambI banA detA hai| isa dRSTi se manuSyoM ke mana meM saccI pratibhA ke prasphuTana kI apekSA hai| saccI pratibhA vaha hotI hai jo manuSya ko svayaM vicAra karane tathA apane vicArAnusAra nirNaya lene kI kSamatA pradAna karatI hai| vizva meM Aja duHkha kI gaharAI jisa kadara bar3ha rahI hai, usakA mUla kAraNa yahI hai ki bahusaMkhyA kI pratibhA ko niSkriya banA diyA gayA hai| vaha soca nahIM sakatI, nirNaya nahIM le sakatI-phira usake hitoM kA saMrakSaNa kauna karegA? saca kaheM to isI saMrakSaNa kI bandarabAMTa ho rahI hai| rAjanetA kahate haiM ki ve bahusaMkhyaka janatA ke hitoM ke rakhavAle haiN| dharmanAyaka batAte haiM ki unhIM ke upadezoM kA anusaraNa karake duHkha ko dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai| saMsthAoM ke saMcAlaka Azvasta karate haiM ki ajJAna aura abhAva meM paMgu banI bahusaMkhyA kA utthAna unakI saMsthAeM hI kara pAegI / yoM rAjanIti, dharmanIti aura samAjanIti ke jhaMr3oM para jhaMr3eM gar3a rahe haiM lekina bahusaMkhyA kI durbalatA kama nahIM ho rahI, unake pAMvoM meM khar3e hone kI tAkata paidA nahIM ho rhii| bahusaMkhyA ko nAsamajhI ke aMdhere se bAhara nikAleM, unake mana meM apane hitoM kA soca paidA kareM aura unheM apane pIche calAne kI bajAe svayaM nirNaya lene tathA gati karane kI zakti unameM hI jgaaveN| yaha pratibhA caritra nirmANa tathA vikAsa ke kSetra meM racanAtmaka kArya karane vAle yuvA vargoM meM pahale prasphuTita honI caahie| jIvana ke sArthaka prayAsoM meM juTane se pratibhA kA prasphuTana hogA aura pratibhA kI vaha zakti yuvA zakti ke rUpa meM parivartita hogI / yuvAoM meM vaisA sAmarthya hotA hai jo apane vyaktitva ko sthiti ke anusAra DhAla sakate haiM aura use prakhara, prabala aura pracaMDa taka banA sakate haiN| ve hI apane vyaktitva ke prabhAva se una logoM ko svataMtra banA sakate haiM, jo baMdhe baMdhAe saMkucita soca meM jakar3e raha kara apanI baMdhanagrastatA ko tor3a nahIM sakate haiN| jaba taka logoM kI antarcetanA svataMtra nahIM hotI hai, taba taka rAjanItika, Arthika athavA anya upAya unheM baMdhana mukta nahIM banA skeNge| isalie yuvAoM ko Age bar3ha kara apane samartha vyaktitva se sAmAnya jana ko jagAnA hogA, balki jAgRti kA aisA daura calAnA hogA ki ve phira se sulAe aura niSkriya na banAe jA skeN| yaha sunizcita hai ki satata jAgRta vyakti hI apane astitva kA anubhava kara sakatA hai tathA apanI pahacAna banA sakatA hai| usake bAda hI usakI manaHsthiti aisI bana sakegI ki ve baMdhanoM se dUra raheMge tathA apanI svataMtratAoM kI svayaM rakSA kara skeNge| AcArya rajanIza eka sthAna para kahate haiM- 'hamArI dhAraNA aisI banA dI gaI hai ki hameM Ananda ko prApta karanA cAhie jo ekadama galata dhAraNA hai| kAraNa, satya yaha hai ki hama svayaM apane svabhAva se Ananda svarUpa haiM, phira Ananda ko prApta karane kA prazna kahAM rahatA hai?' eka dRSTi se yaha kathana sahI hai, kyoMki jaba AtmA kA mUla svabhAva sat-cit-Anandamaya hai to vaha Ananda to hamAre pAsa meM hI

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saMkalpita, samarpita va sarvasva sauMpane kI tatparatA hI yuvA kI pahacAna haiN| dekhanA yaha hai ki pAsa meM rahA huA tattva hI hameM mahasUsa kyoM nahIM hotA hai? antarAnubhUti leMge to yaha satya anubhava meM bhI A jAegA ki usa Ananda ko hamane hI apane vaibhAvika doSoM se Dhaka diyA hai aura jaba bhI una doSoM se chuTakArA pA leMge, Ananda prakaTa ho jAegA-prakaTa kyA ho jAegA, hamArA bhItara-bAhara sabakA saba astitva hI Anandamaya bana jaaegaa| yuvAjana isa satya ko svayaM samajheM tathA anajAna logoM ko samajhAveM-yaha samajha caritra vikAsa ke lie Avazyaka tattva hai| prasiddha vaijJAnika jArja banArDa zaoN kI eka vyAvahArika ukti hai-tarkazIla vyakti svayaM ko vizva kI AvazyakatAoM ke anurUpa DhAla letA hai, kintu tarka ke pIche nahIM apane vyaktitva kI vivekazIlatA evaM caritrabala para calane vAlA vyakti vizva ko apanI pragatizIla dhAraNA ke anurUpa mor3ane kI ceSTA karatA rahatA hai| isa kAraNa vizva meM jo bhI pragati dekhane ko milatI hai usakA zreya aise vyaktiyoM ko hI jAtA hai| jAgRti evaM karmaThatA kI cunautI kA uttara milegA AtmA kI AvAja meM: kisI bhI cunautI para vijaya vahI prApta kara sakatA hai jo apanI AtmA kI AvAja ko sunatA hai aura usI kA anusaraNa karatA hai, kyoMki usakI AtmA vaibhAvika doSoM ke cakra se chuTakArA pAtI huI apane svabhAva meM ramaNa kara rahI hotI hai| yavAvasthA jIvana kA vaha binda hotI hai| jahAM se karma zakti kA AvirbhAva hotA hai arthAt saba kucha navIna-vicAra utsAhapUrNa aura karma saahspuurnn| pragati kI jisa rAha para vaha cala paDe-usakI jIta snishcit| aise sphartivAna evaM UrjAvAna yauvana kA dhanI kyA nahIM kara gujara sakatA? vaha dhAra le to apane caritra kI yauvanagata zuddhatA evaM zubhatA ko apane jIvana kA sthAyI aMga banA le aura ina manovRttiyoM ko jana-jana ke hRdaya meM prakAzita kara de-kAza ki vaha dhaare| yahAM dhArane kA artha saMkalpabaddha hone se hai| kisI bhI cunautI meM vaha tAkata nahIM jo kisI yuvaka yA yuvatI ke adamya sAhasa ko tor3a de| yaha hakIkata hI vizvAsa paidA karatI hai ki yuvA zakti kisI bhI cunautI ko jhela kara usa para vijaya prApta karane meM samartha hotI hai| caritra vikAsa ke abhiyAna ko saphalatApUrvaka calAne meM jAgRti aura karmaThatA kI jo cunautI yuvA varga ke samakSa hai, usa para vaha avazya hI vijaya prApta kara sakatA hai-isameM koI saMdeha nhiiN| yuvA varga kI vijaya nirbhara karatI hai usa Antarika zakti evaM Atmika jAgRti para, jisase usakA karmayoga sakSama banatA hai| karmayoga kI prabalatA se kuzalatA tathA kuzalatA se saphalatA milatI hai| karmayoga kA artha hai apane kartavyoM kA ImAnadArI va saccAI se nirvAha karanA, apane sAmane Ane vAlI sAmAjika samasyAoM kA vyApaka janahita kI dRSTi se samAdhAna khojanA aura phira samAdhAna ke kriyAnvayana meM apanA samagra sAmarthya juTA kara use saphala bnaanaa| yaha karmayoga apane lie aura sabake lie karmarata hotA hai| karmayoga kI jar3a hotI hai svayaM kI AtmA meM, ataH usakA vyavahAra AtmA kI AvAja ke anusAra honA caahie| AtmA kI jAgRti meM vyakti-vyakti kA antara ho sakatA hai kintu apratyakSa-sI jAgRti sabhI vyaktiyoM meM avazya hotI hai jo pratikSaNa apanI AvAja uThAtI hai| yaha avazya hai ki AtmA kI jAgRti ko adhika spaSTa, adhika kriyAzIla tathA adhika sudRr3ha banAte rahane kA prayAsa calatA rahanA caahie| AtmA kI AvAja para uThAyA gayA koI bhI kadama kabhI viphala nahIM hotA kyoMki usake kriyAnvayana meM pUrI Atmazakti niyojita ho jAtI 409

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sucaritram hai| AtmA kA yaha svabhAva hama jAna cuke haiM ki sadA zuddha aura zubha hotA hai, ataH zuddhatA va zubhatA ke kSetra meM aura isa dRSTi se caritra vikAsa ke kArya meM AtmA kI AvAja kA sarvAdhika mahattva mAnA jAnA caahie| - AtmA kI AvAja kA mukhara honA vyaktitva ke prAbhAvika nirmANa kA spaSTa lakSaNa hai| jyoM-jyoM AtmA kI AvAja sunI jAegI aura amala meM lAI jAegI, tyoM-tyoM AtmAnubhUti suspaSTa evaM susthira banatI jaaegii| taba vaha vyaktitva mahAnatA kA bAnA or3hane lagegA yAnI ki bAhara kI duniyA use eka mahAn vyakti ke rUpa meM dekhane lagegI aura mAna dene lgegii| usakA netRtva sabala banatA jAegA tathA vaha adhika se adhika saMkhyA meM vyaktiyoM ko jAgRta evaM sAdhya ke prati prerita kara skegaa| Atma-vikAsa ke sAtha sarvAtma-vikAsa kA mahAdvAra jaba khula jAegA to phira jAgRti aura karmaThatA kA prasAra cAroM ora AsAnI se vyApaka banatA jaaegaa| yuvAoM meM kSamatA hotI hai apane aura dUsaroM ke caritra ko ujjvala banAne kI : yuvAvasthA kSamatAvAna hI nahIM, kSamatAoM kA bhaMDAra hotI hai| jisa sAdhya ke prati yuvAjana niSThAvAna bana jAe, unakI kSamatAeM unheM kabhI-bhI nirAza nahIM krtii| ina ajeya kSamatAoM kA rahasya yaha hai ki yuvA varga ina kSamatAoM kA prayoga adhikAMzataH dUsaroM ke hita sAdhana ke lie hI karanA cAhatA hai, kyoMki yuvAna kA dila hI hotA hai jo UMcA se UMcA tyAga karane ko utsuka rahatA hai| isa kAraNa yadi yuvA varga caritra vikAsa ke abhiyAna ke prati saMkalpita evaM samarpita ho jAeM to avazya usakI kSamatAeM phalIbhUta hogI ki vaha apane tathA dUsaroM ke caritra ko ujjvala banAne ke mahad kArya meM saphalatA prApta kre| unheM bhagavatI sUtra kA yaha saMdeza sadA dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie ki jo dUsaroM ko samAdhi (zAnti) detA hai, vaha svayaM bhI samAdhi pAtA hai (samAhi kAraeNaM tameva samAhiM pddilbbhi-7-1)| samAdhi dene se hI samAdhi kI prApti hotI hai, jo astra-zastroM athavA anya bhautika sAdhanoM kI sahAyatA se kadApi prApta nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki bAhara ke zastrAstra bhI tabhI uThAye jAte haiM, jaba bhItara ke zastra (duSTa bhAva) sakriya hote haiN| yuvAvarga apanI zakti ke pravAha meM kabhI bhramita na ho jAe, isake lie jJAtavya hai ki bAhara ke zastra tabhI upayoga meM Ate haiM, jaba bhItara ke zastra-kAma, krodha, mamakAra, ahaMkAra, lobha, IrSyA Adi sakriya hote haiN| koI bhI yuvaka jaba apanI zakti ke mada meM aMdhA hotA hai, tabhI bhItara-bAhara ke zastra sakriya hote haiM aura vaha vipathagAmI bana jAtA hai| bhItarI zastroM kI to koI ginatI hI nahIM hai-vRttiyAM, vikAra, viSamatAeM anekAneka prakAra kI hotI haiN| ina zastroM ko sakriya banAne vAlA svayaM asamAdhi ko prApta hotA hai tathA dUsaroM ko bhI asamAdhi meM ghasITatA hai| isake viparIta yadi koI bhI aura khAsa karake yuvaka svayaM ke tathA dUsaroM ke caritra ko vikasita karane kA nirNaya letA hai to vaha svayaM ke sAtha sabako samAdhi dene vAlA bana jAtA hai| samAdhi ke tIna sUtra haiM-manoyoga saMvara, vacanayoga saMvara tathA kAyayoga sNvr| inake viparIta asamAdhi ke sUtra haiN| hama apane lie samAdhi kA sukha cAhate haiM to hameM dUsaroM ko samAdhi kA sukha denA hI hogaa| dUsaroM ko asamAdhi dekara svayaM kI samAdhi ko surakSita rakhanA asaMbhava hai| khUna se 410

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saMkalpita, samarpita va sarvasva sauMpane kI tatparatA hI yuvA kI pahacAna sanA kapar3A khUna se dhone para kabhI svaccha nahIM hotA, usakI svacchatA pAnI se dhone para hI prApta ho skegii| isI taraha asamAdhi dekara samAdhi cAhanA nirarthaka hai| Atmika zakti kA eka pravAha baha rahA hai-mana, vacana, kAyA ke yogoM se| isa zakti pravAha kA upayoga vyaktitva vikAsa kI dizA meM kiyA jAnA cAhie, kintu isI zakti pravAha kA durUpayoga kiyA jAya to usase vyaktitva kA vinAza hogaa| isa zakti pravAha kA zreSThatama upayoga isase bar3hakara kyA hogA ki apane aura dUsaroM ke caritra ko guNavibhUSita dhavalasvarUpa pradAna kiyA jAe? kucha udAharaNa dekhie___1. eka vyakti ko eka TaoNrca milI, usakI madada se usane aMdhere meM khoI apanI eka vastu khoja lI aura vaha prasanna ho gyaa| dUsare vyakti ko bhI TaoNrca milI, lekina usane phAlatU meM hI idhara-udhara rozanI bikherate hue TaoNrca kI baiTarI barabAda kara dI aura Akhira meM udAsI lekara aMdhere meM bhaTaka gyaa| ___2. eka vyakti ko amRta kalaza prApta huA jisake cUMTa pIkara vaha amara ho gyaa| dUsare vyakti ko bhI amRta kalaza milA, jisase usane apane pAMva dhokara amRta ko bahA diyaa| ____ 3. eka vyakti ko daivika kRpA se cintAmaNi ratna prApta huA, usane usase manovAMchita phala prApta kara lie| dUsare vyakti ne usI cintAmaNi ratna ko Tukar3e-Tukar3e karake phaiMka diyA aura apane hI hAthoM apanI barabAdI kara lii| yaha saba vyakti kI sadupayoga evaM durUpayoga kI prajJA para nirbhara karatA hai ki vaha kisa prajJA se kaunasA upayoga karatA hai? zakti kA sadupayoga kiyA jAe to usake vyaktitva kA bhavya vikAsa ho sakatA hai tathA usa vyaktitva ke prabhAva se pichar3epana se trasta hajAroMlAkhoM-karor3oM logoM kA utthAna sAdhA jA sakatA hai aura yadi usa prApta zakti kA durUpayoga kiyA jAe to usase sarva vinAza kI hI sthiti sAmane AtI hai| yuvA zakti ke sadupayoga evaM durUpayoga ke isa vizleSaNa se yuvAnoM ko vizeSa zikSA lenI cAhie tathA sadupayoga ke bindu ko kendrastha banA lenA cAhie, kyoMki yuvAvasthA kI prApta zakti TaoNrca, amRta kalaza yA cintAmaNi ratna se bhI adhika mUlyavAna hotI hai| jar3a zakti se cetana zakti kA kyA mukAbalA? yuvA zakti yadi pUrNa sadupayoga se vistAra pAve to eka vyakti,eka varga, eka samAja yA eka rASTra kyA, sampUrNa vizva ko prabhAvita kara sakatI hai-mAnava caritra meM zubha parivartana lAkara samUcI vyavasthA ko caritra sampanna banA sakatI hai| ___ mana, vacana, kAyA ke ina tIna yogoM ke zakti pravAha ko hama acchI taraha se smjheN| ina tInoM yogoM kA upayoga hama agara dUsaroM ko samAdhi dene meM karate haiM to hameM bhI samAdhi prApta hotI hai, anyathA asmaadhi| duHkha dene meM yadi isa zakti pravAha kA durUpayoga kiyA jAtA hai to svayaM ke va sabake duHkhoM meM vRddhi hI hogii| ina tInoM yogoM meM hama manoyoga kI zakti ko acchI taraha se samajhane kA prayAsa kreN| yaha bhI jAna leM ki caritra nirmANa, caritra sudhAra athavA caritra vikAsa kI kisI bhI prakriyA meM ina tInoM yogoM kA tathA mukhya rUpa se manoyoga kA viziSTa mahattva hotA hai, kyoMki hamArI manoyoga kI zakti hI vacana yoga evaM kAya yoga meM saMlagna hotI hai| manoyoga kI sakriyatA ke binA hamArA vacana yoga tathA kAya yoga kAryarata nahIM hotA hai| yaha bAta hamAre tathA samanaska prANiyoM para lAgU hotI hai| amanaska prANI binA manoyoga ke bhI vacana va kAya yoga se pravRtti karate haiM, kintu hamArI 411

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sucaritram sArI pravRttiyAM to manoyoga pUrvaka hI saMcAlita ho rahI haiN| hama apane isa virATa darzana kA svarUpa samajheM tathA isase dUsaroM ko samAdhi dene kA mAnasika saMkalpa paidA kreN| Apa kaheMge ki hamAre socane aura saMkalpa karane se kyA koI sukhI ho sakatA hai? agara aisA ho to sabhI sukhI ho jAe, koI duHkhI na rahe-kyA aisA nahIM? yaha kisI sAmAnya vyakti kA cintana ho sakatA hai kintu tattvajJa isa cintana se sahamata nahIM hoMge, kyoMki ve yaha mAnate haiM ki samAdhi mana se bhI dI jAtI hai tA vacana aura tana se bhii| mana meM zubha bhAvanAoM kA jAgaraNa kaba hotA hai, jaba vaha dUsarI AtmAoM ke astitva ko svIkAra karatA hai tathA unake sukha-duHkha ko pahacAnatA hai| jisa vyakti ne para-saMvedana kA anubhava nahIM kiyA, vaha svasaMvedana kA bhI sahI anubhava kaise kara sakatA hai? mAnasika udAratA jisakI bana jAtI hai, vaha mAtra apanA hI nahIM socatA, vaha dUradRSTi ke sAtha vizAla cintana meM saMlagna ho jAtA haiyahI usakI mahAnatA hotI hai| isI vizleSaNa ko yuvA zakti ke sAtha jor3a kara dekhie to caritra vikAsa kA sundara bhaviSya bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai| yuvA varga manoyoga aura usase prApta zakti pravAha kA vacana yoga tathA kAya yoga meM sadupayoga karegA to avazya usakA vyaktitva prAbhAvika banegA tathA usakI caritrazIlatA preraNAprada, kintu sAtha hI saMkalpa, tyAga evaM samarpaNa se kSamatAvAna bana kara usakI UrjA jaba dUsaroM ke caritra ko ujjvala banA kara usake vikAsa kI kriyAzIlatA meM pravRtta hogI to usase hone vAlA bahuAyAmI navanirmANa anupama hogaa| caritra sampannatA ke lie yuvA vyaktitva bhI hai to saMsthAna bhI : kSamatAvAna yuvA ko kabhI ekAkI mata mAnie, vaha apanI umaMga, UrjA aura udAratA ke kAraNa eka vyakti nahIM, balki eka sazakta vyaktitva hotA hai-vaha vyaktitva jo niHsvArtha vRtti meM sabako apanA yogadAna karane ko utsuka rahatA hai-uccatama tyAga evaM balidAna ke lie sadaiva tatpara rahatA hai| parantu jaba usakA vyaktitva aneka yuvAnoM ke vyaktitvoM ke sAtha jur3a kara sAmUhika vyaktitva kA rUpa le letA hai taba vaha saMsthAna bana jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki yuvA vyaktitva bhI hai aura saMsthAna . bhii| aisA yuvA sarvatra vijaya kI kAmanA kare-yaha ucita bhI hai aura vAMchanIya bhI, kintu caritra vikAsa kA kSetra ho yA parahita sAdhana kA koI anya kSetra use vijaya ke svarUpa ko bhalIbhAMti hRdayaMgama kara lenA cAhie, jisase yuvA zakti kA upayoga sarvatra gaurava kA kAraNa aura viSaya bne| vijaya kI khoja meM nirata hai yuvaka...khanakhanA rahI haiM talavAreM vijaya ke liye...kahAM hai vaha vijaya? vaha vijaya parAjaya meM badalatI jA rahI hai aura vaha vijaya svapna mAtra banakara raha gaI hai| vijaya kisa para? dUsaroM para yA apane Apa para? zarIra para yA AtmA para? kisase vijaya? talavAra se yA prema se, sneha se? socakara behAla hai, pasIne se tarabatara hai...anantakAla se samara bhUmi meM jUjha rahA hai, vijaya ke lie tar3apa rahA hai parantu jIvana meM parAjaya kA muMha hI dikhatA rahA hai, kyA yahI niyati hai yA kucha badalegI bhAgya rekhA...isa vijaya kI pRSThabhUmi meM barbaratA nahIM, hRdaya kA umar3atA huA sAtvika prema kA nirjhara hai| yaha vijaya dUsaroM para nahIM, apane Apa para hai| yaha vijaya raktapAta ke lie nahIM, yaha Atma zAnti ke lie hai| yaha vijaya pAzavikatA se nahIM, sampUrNa daivikatAoM ke lie hai| hAM...yahI saccI zUravIratA hai aura saccI vijaya bhI yahI hai| isa vijaya kI manobhUmi se 412

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saMkalpita, samarpita va sarvasva sauMpane kI tatparatA hI yuvA kI pahacAna kSudratAoM ke sAre baMdhana TUTa jaaeNge| jahAM 'sva' hI saba jagaha dikhAI degA, koI bhI 'para' nahIM rahegA, koI bhinna nahIM - sarva meM 'sva' ke darzana to 'sva' meM 'sarva' ke darzana / 'para' kI vijaya meM ghRNA hai, hInatA hai, vyathA hai, vyAkulatA hai aura hai ahaMkAra kA vistRta - vikRta rUpa / maiM bar3A, vaha choTA ; maiM balavAna, vaha nirbala; maiM zaktizAlI, vaha kamajora; maiM divya, vaha tuccha / maiM sarvasva, vaha nA kucha, na jAne ahaMkAra ke kitane ghinaune rUpa chipe hote haiM usa vijaya meM, jahAM vaha vijita hokara bhI parAjita hai aura jahAM 'sva' para vijaya huI, vahAM para 'sva-para' kA bheda hI nahIM rahA - 'sva' kI vijaya meM sarva para vijaya hai / para kI vijaya meM sva kI vijaya bhI saMdigdha rahatI hai-kitanA antara hai? prabhu mahAvIra kahate haiM-'appA ceva dameyavvo' arthAt apanA damana kr| kahAM tU dUsaroM kA damana karatA hai? apane ko jIta to dUsarA svayameva jIta liyA jaaegaa| jahAM tU dUsaroM ko jItane jAegA, usako tU jIta nahIM pAegA aura apane Apa se bhI parAjita ho jAegA / satya ko samajha... dUsaroM ko jItane kI vAsanA bhayaMkara hai, isake kITANu bar3e hI jaharIle haiM, jarA baca kara rhnaa| ina jaharIle kITANuoM kA asara janma-janmAntara calatA rahatA hai, kisI bhI janma meM baca nahIM paaegaa| vaira se vaira bar3hatA hai aura prema se prema bar3hatA hai| dUsaroM kI vijaya vaira se nahIM, prema se kara, vaira se kisI ko jItA nahIM jA sakA hai Aja taka... yaha jIta kabhI ho bhI jAe to kSaNika, asthAyI aura AkAMkSAoM tathA nirAzAoM se bharI hotI hai / sukha, zAMti, samRddhi, ullAsa evaM saMtuSTi dene vAlI yaha vijaya nahIM ho sktii| mAnasika pIr3A evaM vyAkulatA kitanI bar3hatI hai, kevala 'para' kI vijaya se ?... kuNika kA saMhAra kyoM huA? vijaya kI sahI paribhASA aura arthavattA kisameM rahI hai ki vijetA sadA-sadA vijita ke hRdayAsana para virAjamAna rahe? yaha zakti ekamAtra prema meM rahI huI hai| prema ne hRdayAsana para sAmrAjya banAyA aura claayaa| ghRNA ne, tiraskAra ne yA vaira ne kabhI kisI ke hRdaya para apanA Asana nahIM bichaayaa| prema kI apUrva zakti ko pahacAna, use apanI hI zakti jAna / tU jitanA prema-sahayoga dUsaroM ko degA, utanA hI nahIM, usase kaI gunA prema aura sahayoga tujhe milegaa| hRdaya kI saMkucitatAkSudratA ko miTA...svArtha ke gheroM ko tor3a aura virATa prema ko dhAraNa kara, apane tarala mamatva ko saba para chAMTa de... phira dekha, kaisI hotI hai terI vijaya ? kahIM koI zatru nahIM bacegA, jise jItanA kaThina ho ! / taba samajhanA ki prema ke pratApa se Izvaratva taka kA jAgaraNa kitanI sahajatA se ho jAtA hai / ye hRdayodgAra manoyoga kI vizeSatA ko spaSTa karate haiM ki mana meM vijaya kI AkAMkSA sadA jur3anI cAhie prema, sevA aura tyAga se, jisake lie pahale svayaM ko jItanA hotA hai arthAt apane hI caritra ko ujjvala banAnA hotA hai| taba vaha vijayAkAMkSI UrjAvAna yuvaka dUsaroM ko jItane ke lie karmarata hotA hai apane hArdika prema, sukhadAyaka sevA evaM adbhuta tyAga ke saath| phira kauna aisA hogA usake prema sUtra meM na baMdhanA cAhegA yAnI ki apane jIvana ko usakA anugAmI na banAnA cAhegA? yuvA varga apane isa zakti pravAha kI prabalatA ko samajhe, usakA sadupayoga kare aura saccI vijaya prApta kare / yuvA zakti kI sArthakatA isI meM hai| vaha yuvA hI kyA, jo uccatama mahattvAkAMkSAoM se abhibhUta na ho, saMkalpita aura samarpita na ho tathA apanA sarvasva de dene ke lie tatpara na ho? 413

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caritra ko aMtarrASTrIya stara para le jAne hetu sadbhAva jarUrI samarasa se hI caritra bhaugolika sImA tor3egA yaha prAcI kA atha hai yaha prakAza kA patha hai| yahIM se hokara jAtA nitya prati sUrya-kiraNa kA ratha hai| aMdhakAra chAyA ghaTATopa Aja para kala yahIM USA divegI avirAma gati se pAMva cale to utsAhita aMguliyA~ yahIM para kAla cakra kA vijayI itihAsa lirvegii| isalie, he pathika! nizcala gati se bar3hate jAnA bAdhAoM se lar3ate jAnA isI mArga para bar3hate-bar3hate TUTatA svArtha kA manmatha hai yahI prakAza kA patha hai| kavi ke hRdayodgAra spaSTa rUpa se abhivyakta karate haiM ki yaha prakAza kI prArthanA-abhyarthanA hai| bhArata meM vizeSa lagAva hai, prakAza ke saath| dIpotsava usakA jvalanta 414

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caritra ko aMtarrASTrIya stara para le jAne hetu sadbhAva jarUrI 32

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caritra ko aMtarrASTrIya stara para le jAne hetu sadbhAva jarUrI pramANa hai| prAcIna kAla se aise aneka tyauhAra manAye jAte rahe haiM jinakI mUla AtmA prakAza ke sAtha sambaddha rahI hai| aura to aura isa deza kA nAma hI prakAza 'artha se jur3A huA hai| deza kA nAma hai bhArata-isake prathamAkSara 'bhA' kA artha hotA hai prakAza, jaise prabhA, AbhA, vibhA Adi aura antima aMza' rata' kA artha hai nimagna, so bhArata kA artha huA prakAza meM nimagna (oNbsesDa vida lAITa ) / to isa deza kA antarrahasya isake nAma meM hI chipA huA hai, phira bhArata meM prakAza ke prati sabakA AkarSaNa kyoM na hogA? ati prAcIna kAla se prakAza se hama prabhAvita haiN| vedoM kI aneka RcAeM USA aura prabhAta ke gAna gAtI haiM aura Rgveda meM to prakAza kA atyanta sAragarbhita varNana hai| prakAza kA sambandha prabhAta se aura prabhAta kA sambandha andhakAramaya rAtri se hai kyoMki rAtri ke aMdhakAra se ubarane aura nidrA se jAgRta banAne vAlA prabhAta kA prakAza hI to hotA hai| ajJAna, avidyA yA vikAra kA rUpa aMdhakAramaya mAnA gayA hai aura inheM tamoguNa kahA hai| jJAna ke pUrNa abhAva ko hamAre deza meM aMdhA-yuga kahA jAtA hai| mana mAnasa meM gahare paiThe aMdhavizvAsoM tathA maryAdita zikSA ke abhAva se lekara hamAre cAroM ora phailI aMdha zraddhA evaM vikAroM ke prati vicArAndhatA ke rUpa meM isa ajJAna yA avidyA ko vyakta karane ke kaI raMga-rUpa hai / aura kahA yaha bhI jAtA hai ki aMdhe yuga kI AtmaghAtaka burAIyoM ke kAraka rUpa ajJAna ke bandhanoM se jaba svataMtratA milegI tabhI anta hogA kaliyuga kA arthAt taba AvirbhAva hogA prakAza yuga kA / prakAza kI prArthanA-abhyarthanA kI bhAvanA hI dIpAvalI ke samAroha ke mUla meM ho to koI Azcarya nahIM, kyoMki amAvasyA kI pUrNAMdhakAramaya rAtri meM choTe-choTe asaMkhya dIpa jalA kara usa prakAza ko hI to prakAzita karane kA upakrama kiyA jAtA hai| choTe-choTe dIpoM kI TimaTimAtI kintu camacamAtI paMktiyAM jaise mukhara sandeza detI ho ki zakti ke mahAdaitya aMdhakAra ko miTAne meM hama miTTI ke choTe-choTe diye bhI pIche nahIM raheMge, aMdhe yuga ke AtmaghAtI vikAroM se mukta hokara raheMge aura asahAyoM kA patha pradarzana karate rheNge| koI bhI hajAroM-lAkhoM meM ina nanheM diyoM kI paMktiyAM dekheM to Ananda se jhUma uThane ke binA vaha raha nahIM sakegA, kyoMki aisI dRzyAvalI se saundarya bodha to hotA hI hai, parantu sundara - asundara kA bheda bhI spaSTa dikhAI detA hai| jarmana kavi gothe kA mRtyu ke samaya kA yaha kathana bahuta lokapriya huA ki 'prakAza... aura prakAza' jo unake aMtima zabda the / hamArA prakAza parva dIpAvalI aMdhakAra para prakAza kI vijaya kA pratIka hI nahIM hai, apitu hamAre satya kI kSINa jyoti ke sAtha aMdhakAra se vIratApUrvaka lar3ane kA pramANa bhI hai| bhArata meM prakAza kA laukika se bhI adhika alaukika mahattva hai| jJAna prakAza kA pratIka kahA hai aura jaba AtmA sampUrNa jJAnamaya ho jAtI hai to vaha siddhazilA para kevala jyotisvarUpa raha jAtI hai| idhara jIva kA lakSaNa jJAna kahA hai- jJAna nahIM to caitanya nahIM arthAt prakAza jIva kA lakSaNa aura prakAza hI AtmA kA pradhAna guNa / yaha prakAza hI puMja banakara AtmA ko paramAtmA banA detA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratIya jIvana sAdhanA meM jJAna rUpa prakAza se prakAzita hone kI prathama kAmanA kI jAtI hai| bhArata pahale bhI jJAna guru hone ke kAraNa 'vizva guru' kahalAyA aura Aja ke hiMsA trasta vizva meM ahiMsAtmaka jIvanazailI ke vikAsa ko bala dekara bhArata mAnava jAti kI ekarUpatA evaM ekasUtratA ke Adarza ke mAdhyama vizva guru kA dAyitva tathA sammAna prApta kara sakatA hai| punaH 415

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sucaritram .. manuSya jAti eka hai, use khaNDa-khaNDa se akhaNDa banAveM : ___mahApuruSoM kA satya vacana hai ki samasta manuSya jAti eka hai (egA maNussa jaaii)| isakA kyA abhiprAya hai? jAti ke nAma para Aja kI khaMDita jAtiyoM kA ullekha nahIM hai, balki pAMca pUrNa jAtiyoM kA ullekha hai-ekendriya, dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya evaM pNcendriy| eka se lekara pAMca indriyoM vAle prANiyoM kI ye pAMca jAtiyAM haiM aura manuSya paMcendriya prANI hotA hai| yaha usakI pahicAna hai| prakRti se yA karmakRta niyati se jaba pUrI manuSya jAti ko indriyagata pahicAna hI milI hai to svayaM manuSya ne hI apanI pahicAna ko khaMDita kyoM kara dI? Aja manuSya kI pahicAna ke hajAroM nAma gar3ha diye gaye haiN| vaha deza, bhASA, dharma, varNa, jAti, varga, dala Adi agaNita Tukar3oM meM khaMDa-khaMDa banA dI gaI hai| jahAM taka kisI ko vyaktigata rUpa se pahicAnane kA savAla thA, usakA nAmakaraNa kara diyA gayA so ThIka hai| kauna kisako kaise bulAve, isa samasyA kA hala ho gyaa| AdimakAla kA vivaraNa batAtA hai ki saba prakRtidatta AhAra para nirbhara rahate the-phala-phUloM kI vipulatA thii| taba AhAra kA koI saMgharSa nahIM thA aura vicAra kA utkarSa nahIM thaa| ekatA bhI parokSa thI aura vaha nirAbAdha clii| parantu paristhitiyAM badalI, samaya kI dhArA parivartita huii| binA zrama ke prakRti ko AhAra sulabha karAnA svIkAra nahIM rahA aura manuSya ko AhAra pAne kI samasyA ho gii| usane zrama karanA zurU kiyA, asi (talavAra) masi (syAhI) aura kRSi-khetI ke sAtha zramAdhArita jIvana nirvAha kA prArambha huaa| manuSya samudAya zakti, yogyatA, kauzala aura zrama ke gheroM meM vibhAjita hone lgaa| samucita sAmAjika vyavasthA kI samasyA AI ki kauna kyA kArya apane hAtha meM le tAki nirvAha hetu utpAdana, suvidhA hetu vyApAra to jIvana zreSThatA hetu kartavya pAlana ke kArya sucArU rUpa se saMgaThita ho jaae| jo jisa kArya ke lie sakSama mAnA gayA vaha usa kArya dala meM zAmila kara liyA gayA aura kArya sthiratA kI dRSTi se varNa vyavasthA kA sUtrapAta ho gayA-rakSA kare talavAra ke bala para so kSatriya, suvidhA ke lie vyApAra ko naitika kauzala se calAye so mahAjana, sabako zreSTha jIvana nirmANa ke lie nIti aura kartavyoM kI zikSA de so brAhmaNa aura cUMki zeSa jo kisI sazakta vidyA yA vidyA ke dhanI nahIM the, unheM khetI aura majadUrI ke varSa meM zAmila kara diyA gayA zUdra ke nAma se| yoM cAra varNa bana ge| eka se cAra Tukar3oM meM bAMTa dI gaI manuSya jaati| taba manuSya varNa bana gyaa| varNa vyavasthA se sAmAjika vyavasthA sugaThita huI prArambha meM-isa tathya se isa vibhAjana ke aucitya ko bhI svIkAra kara leN| duHkhada sthiti to yahI hai ki eka bAra vibhAjana kA jo cakra calA, vaha nirantara calatA rahA aura aba bhI cala rahA hai-yaha kahA jA sakatA hai| Aja manuSya ko itanA khaMDa-khaMDa kara diyA gayA hai ki usake kitane Tukar3e haiM, kahAM-kahAM gire haiM aura unameM manuSyatva kA kitanA aMza zeSa hai-yaha saba gaMbhIra zodha kA viSaya bana gayA hai| aba to eka zizu ne janma liyA, usakA nAmakaraNa huA taba usake nAma ke sAtha parivAra kA gautra lagA, jAti lagI, dharma sampradAya lagI, bolI-bhASA lagI, pradeza aura deza lgaa| bar3A huA to pAThazAlA kI kisma lagI, rAjanIti kI pArTI lagI aura bhAMti-bhAMti ke anekoM Thappe lge| manuSya jAti baMTI, lekina eka manuSya taka kaI haisiyatoM meM baMTa gyaa| jahAM taka 416

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caritra ko aMtarrASTrIya stara para le jAne hetu sadbhAva jarUrI vyavasthA kA savAla hai, baMTane yA bAMTane ke pIche na vyavasthAgata uddezya hai aura na koI anya sArthaka uddeshy| vahAM dekheM to lagegA ki bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke nihita svArthiyoM kA jAla bichA huA hai jisameM phaMsa kara manuSya khaNDa-khaNDa hotA jA rahA hai aura khaMDa-khaMDa bhI aisA ki pratyeka khaMDa dUsare khaMDa se hara vakta tanAva ke mUDa meM, do-do hAtha karane ko taiyAra aura sthAyI vaira mudrA meN| matalaba yaha ki sArA samAja eka tAra-tAra cAdara kA rUpa bana gayA hai / vartamAna kI pradhAna samasyA yahI hai ki ina paraspara saMgharSazIla TukaDoM yA gheroM ke tAlamela kA DhaMga kisa prakAra biThAveM ki ye eka-dUsare ke sahAyaka aura pUraka banate hue mAnava jAti kI ekatA ke Adarza kI dizA meM gati kara sake ? eka vizAla mahala meM samajheM ki saikar3oM kamareM aura eka-eka kamare meM kaI khir3akiyAM ho tathA sAre kamaroM meM loga rahate ho / kalpanA kareM ki saba kamaroM aura khir3akiyoM ke daravAje hamezA banda rahate ho to rahane vAloM kI mAnasikatA kaisI banegI? sApha havArozanI nahIM, banda kamare ke bhItara kA eka mAtra ubAU dRzya, mukhiyA kI dhauMsapaTTI meM dimAga kA bhI daravAjA baMda, aMdhA aura cir3acir3A svabhAva so kabhI kamaroM ke daravAjeM khule bhI jar3amati nAdAna bAhara Ate hI Apasa meM ulajha par3ate haiM - vAda vivAda se hAthApAI kI hiMsA taka pahuMca jAte haiN| isake viparIta yadi alaga-alaga kamaroM meM rahate hue bhI saba loga kamare-khir3akiyAM khulI rakhate hoM, Apasa meM bAra-bAra milate-julate hoM, eka dUsare ke duHkha-sukha meM sahabhAgI banate hoM, muskurAhaToM kA lena-dena karate hoM aura eka-dUsare ke kamaroM meM Ate jAte, khAte khilAte, haMsate- batiyAte hoM to vaha vividhatA bhI mUlata: ekatA kA svarUpa bana jaaegii| mAnava jAti kI vartamAna samasyA ko isI raMga DhaMga se sudhArane aura sulajhAne kI jarUrata hai| kintu samasyA sAdhAraNa nahIM hai, vyApaka aura vizAla bhI hai to kaThina aura jaTila bhI banda kamaroM meM rahate-rahate logoM ke mijAja jo burI taraha bigar3e hue haiM unheM samarasa banAne kA savAla hai aura usase bhI pahale yaha savAla hai ki logoM ko nAdAnI meM Dhakela kara jo dhUrta loga bahusaMkhyaka logoM ko bheDoM kI taraha haMkAlate Ae haiM, unheM badalA jaae| ye dhUrta eka bhAMti ke nahIM haiM-mahala ke hara kamare meM baiThe hue haiM aura inhoMne hara chala bala se logoM ko apane pAMvoM tale dabA rakhA hai| kAma bahuta bar3A hai aura bar3e savAloM ke javAba bhI bar3e hI khojane hoNge| bahusaMkhyaka logoM ke diloM meM ajJAna baiThA hai to kucha logoM ke diloM meM zaitAna aura ina donoM prakAra ke diloM ko badala kara unameM bhagavAn ko biThAnA hai so jinake diloM meM bhagavAn baiThA aura jagA huA hai, ve hI isa kAma ke lie Age A sakate haiN| inake pAsa bhI koI sattA, dhana yA dUsarI pAzavika tAkata nahIM hogI, sirpha dila meM baiThe bhagavAn kI hI tAkata hogI, lekina AtmavizvAsa aura Atmabala se saba kucha sAdhya ho sakatA hai| isa vizAla parivartana kA eka mAtra mAdhyama bana sakatA hai, vizAla paimAne para caritra nirmANa evaM caritra vikAsa / yaha mahad kArya choTe stara se zurU ho, para yahI caritra nirmANa vyakti se lekara vizvastarIya svarUpa grahaNa karake vyApaka parivartana kA kAraka bana sakatA hai| sImA rahita vizva ke nirmANa hetu antarrASTrIya kAnUnoM kI dizA : Aja vizva kI sImAeM haiM alaga-alaga rASTroM ke rUpa meN| vaise vizva sarakAra ke abhAva meM 417

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sucaritram Aja rASTra kI sarakAra hI sabase bar3A zAsakIya ghaTaka hai| yoM to rASTra baMTe hue haiM pradezoM meM, pradeza jiloM meM, jile tahasIloM meM, tahasIleM grAma paMcAyatoM meM, kintu aba yaha sArA vibhAjana eka prakAra se vibhAjana haiM bhI aura dUsarI dRSTi se vibhAjana nahIM bhI hai| kyoMki mAnava samAja kI vyavasthA aba rASTrIya stara taka saMgharSazIla nahIM rahI hai aura nIce kA yaha sArA vibhAjana mAtra zAsakIya-prazAsakIya suvidhA ke lie hI hai| bhUgola aura jana mAnasa meM yahAM taka ekatA kA tAlamela baiTha gayA hai aura isase Upara antarrASTrIya stara kA hI krama hai| kintu abhI rASTra aura antarrASTrIya ke bIca antara bahuta hai| rASTra nAyakoM ke apane-apane svArtha nihita hai aura isa najarie se ve rASTravAda kI lakIra pITanA AsAnI se nahIM chodd'eNge| rASTrIyatA vaha bhAvanAtmaka kar3I hai jisakI kasAhaTa kaThora hai| phira bhI vartamAna meM jo ghaTanAeM gujara rahI hai, unake pariprekSya meM rASTravAda kI sakhta kar3iyoM ko bhI tor3ane kI taiyArI jarUra zurU ho gaI hai, balki isase AzA baMdhane lagI hai ki pradezavAda ke samAna rASTravAda bhI eka dina vizvAtmavAda kI zaraNa meM A jaaegaa| mAnava jAti kI ekatA tathA vizva saMgaThana yA sarakAra kA svarNima dina hogA vh| gata 11 sitambara 2000 ke dina amerikA ke vyApAra kendra para AtaMkavAdiyoM ne jo vinAzakArI AkramaNa kiyA, usake bAda se antarrASTrIya kAnUnoM ke bAre meM rASTra netAoM kA najariyA badalane lagA hai| AtaMkavAda ke viruddha aneka dezoM kI jo sAjhI lar3AI zurU huI hai, usase vartamAna kAnUnoM para praznacihna laga gayA hai-1. kisI bhI choTe udaMDa deza ke AtaMkI bhI jaba bar3e aura vikasita deza ko dahazata meM DAla sakate haiM to ina kAnUnoM kI pAlanIyatA prabhAvahIna nahIM ho jAegI? phalasvarUpa hara deza ko kahA jA rahA hai ki yA to vaha AtaMkavAda virodhI kheme meM rahe yA phira vaha AtaMkiyoM kA sAthI mAnA jaaegaa| isase icchA ho yA anicchA-sabhI deza eka samUha meM haiM aura AtaMkavAda ke virodha ke lie sahamati hai| 2. aba turatAphurata meM antarrASTrIya AtaMkavAda ko kucalane ke lie pratyeka sahayogI deza bhI rASTrIya kAnUna banA rahe haiN| 3. aba antarrASTrIya kAnUnoM kA bhI aisA neTavarka banAyA jAne lagA hai aura dezoM para vinAzaka zAstroM kI kamI kA dabAva bar3ha rahA hai| isa taraha parokSa rUpa meM eka antarrASTrIya zakti saMgaThita ho rahI hai| naI zakti AtaMkiyoM ko alaga-thalaga karake zeSa ko eka sUtra meM pirone kA kAma kregii| 4. AtaMkavAda virodhI rASTroM kA nayA kAnUna unheM naye uddezya ke lie pratibaddha bnaaegaa| 5. aba soviyata saMgha ke vighaTana ke bAda duniyA meM do guTa nahIM rahe, akelA amerikA mahAzakti ke rUpa meM hai aura aba tIsarI duniyA (vikAsazIla dezoM kI) bhI nAma mAtra kI raha jaaegii| mahAzakti kI sahAyikA ke rUpa meM-so kaise bhI ho yA kaisA bhI ho-pUre vizva kI ekajuTatA to nirmANa kI prakriyA meM A gaI hai| rASTrIyatA ke baMdha DhIle ho gae haiM so yaha ekajuTatA ucita avasara para sAkAra rUpa le sakatI hai| kAraNa, yadi antarrASTrIya AtaMkavAda kI rIr3ha tor3atI hai to rASTroM kI sImAoM ko najaraandAja karanA hI hogaa| __ sImA rahita vizva ke nirmANa ke lie aba antarrASTrIya kAnUnoM kI eka dizA nizcita ho gaI hai aura aba dhIre-dhIre vaizvIkaraNa kA jo svarUpa ubharegA, usameM bahusaMskRtivAda ko hI nAgarika dharma banAnA hogA-kisI eka hI saMskRti kA varcasva nahIM calegA aura bahusaMskRtivAda ke calate 418

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caritra ko aMtarrASTrIya stara para le jAne hetu sadbhAva jarUrI prabhAvazAlI sAMskRtika tattva avazya hI eka vizva saMskRti ke rUpa meM Dhalate jaaeNge| jAtIya svataMtratAoM tathA dhArmika paramparAoM ko AtaMkavAda ke virodha meM sahamata honA par3egA aura saMbhavataH yaha sahamati yathArtha meM DhalatI huI naI vizvastarIya sabhyatA kA rUpa le leN| taba to vizva yuddha ke pratimAna bhI badala jAeMge, kyoMki rASTroM kI sImAeM taba mahattvahIna hokara saMgharSa se dUra lupta ho jaaegii| sAre saMgharSa dhIme ho jAeMge yA uTha jAeMge tathA sAtha raha kara sabake lie eka hI nizAnA raha jaaygaa-aatNkvaad| isa kAraNa vyApArika sambandhoM tathA vizvastarIya vyApAra vyavasthA meM bhArI bdiliyAM A sakatI haiN| anumAna yaha hai ki kAphI kazamakaza aura ulaTaphera ke bAda rASTrIya pRthaktA kA yuga samApta ho sakatA hai aura ho sakatA hai naye antarrASTrIya kAnUnoM ke mAdhyama se eka vizvastarIya vyavasthA kA smaarNbh| parivartana ke isa cakra meM samaya to lagegA aura kisI antarrASTrIya parivartana ke lie ekAdha zatAbdI kA samaya bhI adhika nahIM hotA hai| kintu isa prakAra ke anumAnoM ke saMdarbha meM jo vicAraNIya viSaya caritra nirmANa va vikAsa kA hai, usako ati vyApaka paimAne para lekara hI cintana karanA hogA tathA tadanusAra hI karanA hogA usake lie sAdhya evaM sAdhanoM kA nirdhAraNa / pUrva bhUmikA jitane gahare soca vicAra ke sAtha yadi nizcita kI jAegI to Age kA kAma utanA hI sugama hogaa| pahale sulajhAnI hogI vicAra saMgharSa kI jaTila samasyA ko : _ nIti vAkya hai-'vAde vAde jAyate tattvabodhaH' arthAt vicAra maMthana se tattva jJAna subodha banatA hai aura vicAra maMthana kaisA? vicAra maMthana kA artha hai vicAroM kA Alor3ita honA, jaise ki dahI Alor3ita hokara makkhana rUpa banatA hai| bahuta sAre bhinna-bhinna vicAroM para jaba vAda-vivAda yAnI ki khaMDana-maMDana hotA hai taba pratyeka vicAra kI sabhI apekSAoM se carcA hotI hai tathA niSkarSa-rUpa meM carcA kA sAra sAmane A jAtA hai| sAra hotA hai vastu yA tattva ke svarUpa kA sahI drshn| vAda-vAda meM tattva bodha hone kA yahI vizleSaNa hai ki bhinna-bhinna vicAra bhale ho aura ve hoMge tathA hone cAhie, lekina sabhI apekSAoM kI AlocanA ke bAda usakA samanvita svarUpa avazya spaSTa honA cAhie jo sabako mAnya ho| isa prakriyA ke sthAna para yadi apane vicAra ke prati prArambha se haThI rUkha apanAyA jAe aura use ekAnta rUpa se satya kahA jAe jisakA sIdhA artha nikalegA ki anya sabake vicAra mithyA haiM to vahAM ekAntikatA ke kAraNa vicAra meM jo satyAMza rahA huA hai, vaha bhI samagra rUpa se mithyA ho jaaegaa| isa prakAra ekAntika satya kI haTha meM satyAMzoM ko lie hue hone para bhI sabhI vicAra mithyA ke hI poSaka hoNge| isa prakAra vicAra saMgharSa kisI bhI vicAra ko satya se bahuta dUra le jAtA hai aura anajAne meM bhI ho, asatya kA poSaNa karatA hai| __ kisI bhI vastu athavA tattva ke svarUpa kA satya jJAna karane ke lie usake eka hI pahalU ko jAnakara sahI niSkarSa nahIM nikAlA jA sakatA hai| kAraNa, pratyeka vastu yA tattva ke aneka pahalU hote haiM aura una sabhI pahaluoM kI jAnakArI meM lekara sAra rUpa meM samanvita svarUpa kA jJAna karanA cAhie-vahI satya ke samIpa hogaa| eka hotA hai ekAntavAda ki eka hI pahalU ko haThapUrvaka satya kaha diyA jAe to dUsarA anekAntavAda hotA hai aneka pahaluoM kI jAnakArI ke jarie satyAMzoM kA 419

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sucaritram saMcaya karate hue satya ke samIpa pahuMcA jaae| bahusvarUpI padArtha va tattva ke jJAna kI anekAntavAda hI sahI vidhi hotI hai| bhAratIya darzanoM meM yaha anupama dena jaina darzana kI hai tathA isa darzana meM svarUpa jJAna kI sahI vidhi kA vistRta vivecana bhI diyA gayA hai jo vidhi hai nayavAda kI vidhi| naya paddhati jaina darzana kI pUrNatayA maulika vicArazailI hai| yaha ekadezIya vicArazailI ko nakAratI hai aura vAstu kI ananta dharmAtmakatA ko dRSTigata rakhakara usake vividha rUpoM ko vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se prastuta karatI hai| jaina dRSTi paraspara viruddha pratIta hone vAle vicAroM meM avirodha kA bIja khojatI hai aura usameM samanvaya sthApita karatI hai| svarUpa ke aneka pakSoM vAlI vastu ke viSaya meM apanA eka mata nirdhArita karanA taya hai, kintu vaha mata aisA ho jo anya vibhinna matoM kI upekSA yA avahelanA na karatA ho| yaha mata AMzika mata hogaa| eka mata ko grahaNa karanA tathA anya matoM ke prati udAsInatA, yaha sunaya kA lakSaNa hai aura anya matoM kA tiraskAra karanA durnaya hai| pratyeka naya kI apanI-apanI sImA hai jisakA atikramaNa nahIM honA caahie| udAharaNa ke lie svarUpa ke eka guNa 'sat' ko leN| naya 'sat' ko 'syAt' kaha kara grahaNa karatA hai-syAt kA artha hai-ho sakatA hai (me bI) arthAt vahAM 'hI' (yahI hai) kA prayoga na hokara 'bhI' (ho sakatA hai) kA prayoga hotA hai| 'hI' ke kathana meM ekAnta haTha hai tathA anya sabhI matoM kA tiraskAra hai aura 'bhI' ke kathana meM apanA mata hai kintu sabhI matoM kI svIkAryatA bhI hai jo samanvaya kA rAstA kholatI hai| ise darzana kI bhASA meM sApekSatA kahate haiN| sApekSatA kA artha hai sabakI apekSA-sabake satyAMzoM kI grahaNa vRtti| yaha 'syAt' nayavAda kA prANa hai| ise na to svapakSa Agraha svIkAra hai aura na hI para-pakSa nissedh| ise sabakI apekSA hai| ati saMkSepa meM naya ke bhedoM kI carcA kareM 1. naigama naya : saMkalpa mAtra ko grahaNa karanA, jaise koI vyakti daravAjA banAne ke lie lakar3I lene ko jaMgala kI ora jA rahA hai aura koI use pUchatA hai, kahAM jA rahe ho? vaha uttara detA haidaravAjA lene ke lie, to yaha uttara saMkalpa mAtra hai kintu hai to saca hii| 2. saMgraha naya : vastu ke dravyatva Adi sAmAnya dharmoM ko grahaNa karane vAlA vicaar| jaise svAmI ne sevaka se kahA-'dAtuna laao|' isa prakAra sevaka sirpha dAtuna hI nahIM lAtA balki pATa, bichaunA, jala kA loTA, aMgochA Adi saba lAtA hai| eka Adeza se sambandhita sAmagrI kA jJAna kara lenA, isa naya kA vastu viSaya hai| 3. vyavahAra naya-saMgraha naya dvArA saMgrahita artha meM vidhipUrvaka, avisaMvAdI tathA vastu sthiti mUlaka bheda karanA arthAt vibhAga karane vAlA vicAra / rogI auSadhi vikretA se jAkara itanA hI kahe ki auSadhi do to usase kAma nahIM cltaa| use auSadhi kA nAma, Asevana vidhi Adi saba batAnA par3atA hai| svarUpa kI sAmAnyatA se yaha naya vizeSatA kI ora Age bar3hatA hai-samagratA meM nizcaya kI sthiti lAtA hai| 4. RjusUtra naya : vartamAna kSaNa meM hone vAlI paryAya ko mukhya rUpa se grahaNa krnaa| koI kahe ki maiM sukhI hU~ to vaha spaSTa karatA hai ki vartamAna meM sukha kI avasthA hai| isa naya meM bhUta va bhaviSya kA vicAra nahIM hotA, kevala vartamAna paryAya ko hI svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| 420

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caritra ko aMtarrASTrIya stara para le jAne hetu sadbhAva jarUrI 5. zabda naya : kAla, kAraka, liMga saMkhyA, puruSa, upasarga Adi ke bheda se zabdoM meM artha-bheda maannaa| __ jaise mUla taTa zabda ko bhI yaha naya liMga bheda-taTa, tarI, taTam ko alaga-alaga mAnatA hai| 6. samAbhirUr3ha naya : paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM bhI nirukti ke bheda se bhinna artha mAnane vaalaa| indra aura purandara paryAyavAcI zabda haiM kintu inako bhI yaha naya artha bheda se alaga mAnatA hai| vizeSatA meM bhI svarUpa kA isa rUpa meM kendrita artha liyA jAtA hai| 7. evaMbhUta naya : padArtha jisa samaya apanI arthakriyA meM pravRtta ho usI samaya use usa zabda kA vAcya mAnanA-aisI nizcaya dRSTi vAlA yaha naya hai| indra jaba nagara kA vinAza kara rahA ho taba hI use purandara kahA jaae| anya samaya meM nhiiN| nayavAda kA sAra yaha hai ki kisI bhI vastu svarUpa ko usake sabhI pahaluoM se samajhA jAe kyoMki satya ananta pahaluoM vAlA hotA hai, use kisI eka pahalU se samajhA nahIM jA sakatA hai| ekAMgI dRSTi vastu ke satya svarUpa ko dikhAne meM asamartha hai| nayavAda ke mAdhyama se vastu svarUpa para vicAra karane se samasta vivAdoM kA samAdhAna ho jAtA hai| AgrahavAda yA haThavAda yA ekAnta vAda asatya ke aMga haiM, jabaki anAgraha 'syAt' ke sAtha anekAnta hai aura isakI AdhArazilA hai ny| naya kI pRSThabhUmi meM kAma karatI hai sahiSNutA aura jijJAsA, ye donoM vRttiyAM aisI hai jo vivAda yA saMgharSa ko paidA hI nahIM hone detI hai| Agraha aura haTha se dUra rahane ke kAraNa anya sabhI vicAroM ke prati sammAna kA bhAva rahatA hai aura sAhacaryatA kI pravRtti puSTa hotI hai| nayavAda eka prakAra se una vicArakoM ke lie eka cunautI hai jo apanI hI vicAradhArA yA vyavasthA ko hI pUrNa sarvavyApaka mAnate haiN| unheM samajhanA cAhie ki vAstavikatA bahuta jaTila hotI hai aura use sAmAnya-sI paribhASA se spaSTa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| sabhI pahaluoM ko vidhivat samajha lene para hI vAstavikatA kA svarUpa prakaTa ho sakatA hai| yaha vivecana vicAra samanvaya se vicAra sAmyatA kA patha pradarzana karatA hai| sabhI vicAroM meM kucha na kucha acchApana hotA hai, kintu kisI eka vicAra ko hI pUrI taraha acchA batA kara use hI mAna lene kA jo haThAgraha kiyA jAtA hai, vahI manovRtti vicAra saMgharSa paidA karatI hai| yadi haThAgraha chUTa jAe aura sabhI vicAradhArAoM para satya zodha kI dRSTi se carcA ho to sahI niSkarSa sAmane A sakate haiM, aisA rAstA mila sakatA hai, jisa para sabhI sAtha-sAtha calane ko rAjI ho ske| vizva kI ekatA pAne kA jaba lakSya banA liyA gayA ho to vicAra saMgharSa ko miTA kara vicAra samanvaya kI zailI kA vikAsa karanA hI hogaa| nayA arthazAstra bhI honA cAhie viSamatAoM ko samApta karane vAlA : vizva meM do prakAra ke saMgharSa mukhya hote haiM-eka vicAroM kA saMgharSa tathA dUsarA svArthoM kA saMgharSa / vicAroM kA saMgharSa dUra karane kI dRSTi naI samanvaya zailI apanAne aura panapAne kA ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai| aba svArthoM ke saMgharSa ko dUra karane ke arthazAstra kI nava racanA ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| sAMsArika jIvana nirvAha ke lie artha kA mahattva sadA hI rahatA hai, koI bhI kAma binA 421

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sucaritram / paise ke nahIM hotA-gRhastha ko apanI gAr3I calAne ke lie paga-paga para dhana kI jarUrata hotI hai| kintu yahI artha taba anartha kA rUpa le letA hai jaba isakA arthazAstra bigar3atA hai yAnI ki manuSya hI tRSNA aura lAlaca meM aMdhA bana kara artha ke utpAdana ko kendrita banAtA hai, artha kA viSama vitaraNa karatA hai tathA artha meM nihita svArthoM ke ghere banA kara pUrI arthazakti ko kucha hI hAthoM meM saMgrahita karane kI ceSTA karatA hai| yahI anartha banA artha samAja ke sabhI kSetroM-Arthika, rAjanItika, dhArmika Adi meM viSamatAoM ke viSaile kITANu phailAtA hai aura samUcI vyavasthA ko amAnavIya rUpa de detA . hai| phalasvarUpa samAja kI sattA aura sampatti kA niyaMtraNa kucha loga apane hAthoM meM le lete haiM aura zeSa vizAla jana samudAya dInahIna avasthA meM zoSaNa, damana tathA utpIr3ana ke lie asahAya chor3a diyA jAtA hai| yoM artha kA anartha arthAt viSailI viSamatAeM aura mAnavIya mUlyoM kA hraas| isa anartha ko dUra karane kA yaha upayukta samaya hai, jaba rASTroM kI sImAeM miTA kara eka vizva banAne kI taiyArI cala rahI ho| . sabhI prakAra kI sAmAjika viSamatAoM kI jananI hai Arthika viSamatA, kyoMki artha kI sabako AvazyakatA hotI hai aura isa rUpa meM vaha pratyeka nAgarika ke jIvana ko prabhAvita karatA hai| artha kI viSamatA jaba gaharI ho jAtI hai, taba vidroha hote haiM, krAMtiyAM hotI haiM aura kabhI-kabhI bhISaNa raktapAta bhI hotA hai ki kisI prakAra se samAja meM artha kI samAnatA Ave yA kama se kama sabako suvidhA to mile hii| unnIsavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM sAmyavAda ko asalI jAmA pahinAne ke rUpa meM eka prayoga huA aura Arthika samAnatA kI vyavasthA AdhI duniyA meM kAyama bhI huI kintu mUla meM doSa ke kAraNa vaha sAmyavAdI vyavasthA sthira aura sthAI nahIM ho pAI aura usI zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM vaha vyavasthA TUTa gii| mUla kA doSa yaha thA ki vaha vyavasthA balAt lAgU kI gaI aura balAt hI calAI gii| isakA kupariNAma yaha rahA ki sAmyatA ke vicAra ko zoSitoM ne samajhA nahIM aura masIhA bana kara Aye netA khuda hI zoSaka bana ge| isa prayoga se zikSA lene kI bAta yaha hai ki sArA kAma . 'icchAt' logoM kI sahamati se honA caahie| vizva meM Aja Arthika viSamatA ati bhayaMkara rUpa meM phailI huI hai| kucha vikasita deza hI apanI unnata takanIkoM ke kAraNa duniyA ke sabhI bhAgoM meM tAkata se vyApAra karate haiM aura bhArI munAphe lUTate haiM-sAtha meM sarvatra apanI rAjanaitika tAkata bhI bar3hAte rahate haiN| pariNAmasvarUpa aneka deza Arthika rUpa se pUrI taraha pichar3e hue haiM to kucha vikAsazIla deza apane Arthika vikAsa ke prayAsa avazya kara rahe haiM kintu unakI saphalatA kA grApha bahuta dhImA hai| duniyA kI do tihAI AbAdI garIbI, bhUkhamarI, berojagArI Adi meM pazuoM-sA jIvana bitAne ko abhizapta hai| yaha atIva dayanIya dazA hai| zoSaNa aura damana kA silasilA jaba taka banda nahIM hotA yAnI ki viSamatAoM kI caur3I khAI pATI nahIM jAtI, taba taka karor3oM-araboM logoM ke liye khuzahAlI kA koI rAstA nikAla pAnA duSkara hai| naye arthazAstra kI racanA karanI hogI, usake siddhAntoM ko prabhAvI DhaMga se kriyAnvita karanA hogA aura pichar3e mAnava samudAyoM ko tadhetu vizvAsa meM lenA hogA, tabhI Arthika evaM anya prakAra kI 422

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caritra ko aMtarrASTrIya stara para le jAne hetu sadbhAva jarUrI sArI sAmAjika viSamatAoM ko miTAne kA eka kAragara mAhaula bana skegaa| yaha nayA arthazAstra ina siddhAntoM ke AdhAra para racA jAnA cAhie 1. AvazyakatAnusAra utpAdana : vaizvika artha vyavasthA kI dRSTi se do nirNaya liye jAne cAhie-eka to yaha ki unhIM vastuoM kA utpAdana kiyA jAyegA jo duniyA kI sArI AbAdI ke lie sukhamaya jIvana nirvAha hetu Avazyaka ho| vyartha ke vilAsitA ke utpAdana baMda ho jAe aura ve sabhI utpAdana bhI baMda ho jo svAsthya ghAtaka vyasanoM ke rUpa meM Aja cala rahe haiN| dUsare, Avazyaka vastuoM kA utpAdana bhI usa niyamita mAtrA meM hotA rahe jo sabhI vizva nAgarikoM ke jIvana nirvAha hetu Avazyaka ho-atirikta utpAdana na ho| utpAdana meM guNavattA aura mAtrA kI AvazyakatAoM ke anusAra kie jAne kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki phira aise vyApAra kA vajUda nahIM bacegA jo sirpha munAphA kamAne ke AdhAra para hI calatA aura TikatA ho| usa samaya vyApAra kA dRSTikoNa mAtra yahI rahegA ki utpAdita sAmagrI ko sthAna-sthAna para samayAnusAra pahuMcA kara yA kaccA mAla lAkara suvidhA kI sthiti banAI jaae| padArthoM kA mUlya nirdhAraNa utpAdana kI lAgata tathA suvidhA vyaya ke anusAra kiyA jAegA, jisameM munAphe jaisI koI rAzi zAmila nahIM hogii| isa vyavasthA se zoSaNa pUrI taraha samApta ho skegaa| ____ 2. saMvibhAga arthAt sama-vitaraNa : saMvibhAga kyA? zabda kA artha hai barAbara baaNttnaa| Aja jo bAMTane kI prakriyA hai vaha bandarabAMTa hai| dhUrtoM kI mAla mArane kI manamAnI calatI hai aura utpAdaka kisAna, majadUra taka abhAvoM meM jindagI jIne ko majabUra hote haiN| vaizvika artha vyavasthA meM pUre vizva ko eka parivAra kA rUpa hI samajhanA aura mAnanA hogA tathA saMvibhAga ke artha ko pArivArika DhaMga se hI lenA hogaa| jaise eka saMskArita parivAra meM kamAte sabhI svastha parijana haiM kintu yaha hisAba nahIM lagAyA jAtA ki kauna kitanA yAnI kama-jyAdA kamAtA hai| hAM, adhika upArjana kara sake aisI yogyatA sabhI svastha parijanoM meM paidA kI jAtI hai| bAda meM jo bhI jitanA kamAtA hai-sammilita koSa meM calA jAtA hai| kintu sabako upabhoga-paribhoga kI jo sAmagrI milatI hai vaha samAna rUpa se aura pratyeka kI AvazyakatA ke anurUpa arthAt vRddha, rogI yA bAlaka sadasyoM ke arjana yogya na hone para bhI unheM adhika pauSTika AhAra diyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra kI vyavasthA meM kisI kA koI virodha nahIM hotA, balki anurAgapUrvaka svecchA se sahayoga diyA jAtA hai, to vizva parivAra kI vyavasthA kA bhI maulika rUpa se aisA hI svarUpa honA caahie| prazna yaha hai ki aisI lokapriya vyavasthA kaise kAyama kI jAe? __ aisI sarvapriya evaM sarvahitaiSI artha vyavasthA kI sthApanA ke saphala sUtra mahAvIra ne jaina darzana meM batAye haiN| ye sUtra mAtra vaicArika hI nahIM rahe haiM, balki unake anuyAyI ina para yathAzakti AcaraNa bhI karate A rahe haiN| isa dRSTi se naye arthazAstra kA AdhAra sUtra honA cAhie-maryAdita jIvana aisA jIvana jisameM maryAdAoM ke pAlana kA sarvopari sthAna ho| maryAdAoM ke pAlana se hI saMvibhAga arthAt samavitaraNa kA sUtra nikalatA hai| jaina sAdhu kA to sarvathA parigraha mukta jIvana hotA hI hai, kintu eka jaina zrAvaka ko bhI parigraha rakhane tathA upabhoga-paribhoga kI sAmagriyoM ke upayoga karane kI nizcita 423

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sucaritram sImA svIkAra karanI hotI hai jo vaha yathAzakti nyUnatama AvazyakatAoM ke AdhAra para maryAdAeM grahaNa karatA hai| pAMcaveM aNuvrata ke anusAra khetI kI jamIna, vastu sAmagrI, sonA-cAMdI, dhana sampatti, anAja Adi, naukara-cAkara, pazu ghor3A, gAya, bhaiMsa Adi sabakA parimANa nizcita kiyA jAtA hai aura usakA yathAzakti pAlana kiyA jAtA hai| yadi usa pAlana meM doSa lage to usake lie prAyazcitta bhI kiyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra sAtaveM aNuvrata ke anusAra upabhoga (eka bAra upayoga meM Ane vAle padArtha bhojya Adi) tathA paribhoga (bAra-bAra upayoga meM Ane vAle padArtha vastra Adi) kI sAmagrI kI bhI sImA bAMdha kara maryAdA lI jAtI hai jisameM choTI-moTI vastuoM jaise datauna, ubaTana, mukhavAsa taka zAmila haiN| kula 26 prakAra ke padArtha liye gaye haiN| isa maryAdA nirdhAraNa ke do uddezya haiM-eka to aMtara kI Asakti ghaTatI jAe aura dUsarA bAhara kI, eka vyakti AvazyakatA se adhika sAmagrI apane pAsa nahIM rakhegA, jisase usakA vikendrIkaraNa hogA aura saba una sAmagriyoM ko yathocita mAtrA meM prApta kara sakeMge aura sama vitaraNa ho skegaa| mahAvIra kA isa rUpa meM saMvibhAga kA darzana arthazAstra kA mArgadarzaka siddhAnta hai-jo nyAyapUrNa dRSTi se vitaraNa nahIM karatA aura bAMTane meM AnaMda kA anubhava nahIM karatA, vaha mokSa prApta nahIM kara sakatA (asaMvibhAgI asaMgaruI...appamANa bhoI se tassie nArAhae vayamiNaM, prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra, 2-3) / mahAvIra kA arthazAstra arthopArjana kI manA nahIM karatA, vaha maryAdA kI bAta karatA hai, visarjana kI bAta karatA hai aura aparigrahavAda kI rUparekhA prastuta karatA hai| sabase bar3I bAta to yaha hai ki yaha arthazAstra manuSya kI antarAtmA meM jhAMkatA hai tathA svecchika tyAga ko protsAhita karatA hai| yaha arthazAstra jIvana kI pUrNatA kA vidhAna hai jo ahiMsaka jIvanazailI se prApya hai| isa arthazAstra kA AdhAra bindu yaha hai ki icchAeM AkAza ke samAna ananta haiM ataH unakI pUrti saMbhava nahIM, jo prayAsa saMbhava hai vaha hai icchAoM kA nyUnIkaraNa, padArthoM kI maryAdAoM kA grahaNa tathA pUrNa aparigraha kA vrnn| asImita icchAoM tathA zAnti ke bIca koI samajhautA nahIM ho sakatA hai| isa dRSTi se saMvibhAga naye arthazAstra kA kendra bindu honA caahie| 3. sImita svAmitva : sAdA jIvana-utpAdana tathA vitaraNa ke santulana ko nibAhane ke lie eka yaha prayoga bhI kiyA jAnA cAhie ki vyaktigata svAmitva kA dAyarA bahuta choTA ho tAki saMgraha kI naubata hI paidA na ho| dUsare, saMgrahavRtti ke abhAva meM jIvana kI sAdagI kI ora ruci bar3hegI tathA sAdA jIvana, ucca vicAra kI ukti caritArtha ho skegii| kintu ye sAre parivartana ucita rUpa se vyakti evaM samUhoM ke caritra nirmANa tathA vikAsa para nirbhara kreNge| caritra ke abhAva meM kucha bhI saMbhava nhiiN| sAmAjikatA hajAra jihvAoM se bole, para mUla jihvA eka ho : vizva ko ekatA ke sUtra meM bAMdhane ke lie usakI bahuAyAmI vividhatAoM kA galA nahIM ghoMTA jA sakatA hai, balki aisI vyavasthA apekSita rahegI ki sabhI prakAra kI vividhatAeM phale-phUleM, kintu una sabake bIca aisA tAlamela bhI ho ki vaha vividhatA ekatA kI pratIka bhI bne| yoM kaheM ki sAmAjikatA cAhe hajAra jihvAoM se bole, lekina mUla jihvA eka honI cAhie-maulika svara to ekatA kA svara hI honA caahie| 424

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caritra ko aMtarrASTrIya stara para le jAne hetu sadbhAva jarUrI akele deza bhArata meM hI jaba aneka bhASA-boliyAM, vezabhUSA, rIti-rivAja, dharma-majahaba, jIvanazailiyAM, vyavahAra praNAliyAM maujUda haiM to pUre vizva meM to ina prakAroM kI saMkhyA kaI gunI hogii| bhArata kA itihAsa aura vartamAna vAtAvaraNa Azvasta karatA hai ki ina bahuvidha vividhatAoM kI surakSA bhI ho rahI hai to mUla meM rASTrIya ekatA kA bhAva bhI prabala hai| isI prakAra bahusaMskRtivAda kI avasthA kA bhI vizvastarIya tAlamela baiTha sakatA hai| isake lie AvazyakatA hogI to aise bhAvanAtmaka parivartana kI ki vizva kA pratyeka nAgarika vizva parivAra kA sadasya hai tathA use pratyeka samasyA kA samAdhAna pArivArika dRSTikoNa se hI khojanA hogaa| mAnava caritra ko isI rUpa meM vikasita karanA hogA ki samUcI mAnava jAti kI ekatA ke AdhAra para paraspara meM sahAnubhUti, sneha tathA sahayoga ke sUtra judd'e| mAnava mana meM ekatA, samatA tathA ekarUpatA kI cAha sadA se rahI hai| usakA yaha sapanA bhI rahA hai ki usakI yaha cAha vizvavyApI svarUpa grahaNa kreN| isa kAraNa vaha kaI bAra aisI AzaMkAoM se bhI ghiratA rahA hai ki saba ora bar3hatI huI vividhatAoM tathA phailate hue virodhAbhAsoM se kahIM vizva ekatA kA sapanA bhaMga na ho jaae| kabhI-kabhI usakI mAnyatA bana jAtI hai ki ina bhinnatAoM ke kuprabhAva se dharma, vijJAna, bhASAeM, sAhitya, kalA aura rASTra taka jaise khir3akiyoM kI koTharI meM banda ho gaye haiM aura unakA vikAsa avaruddha ho gayA hai| use yaha bhI lagatA hai ki logoM ke dimAgoM meM alagAva kI bhrAntiyAM, ajJAna, vidveSa, asahiSNutA, ghRNA Adi kI vikRtiyAM panapa rahI haiM jo ekatA ke lie zubha lakSaNa jaisA ki socA jAtA hai| usake sivAya kaI kAraNoM ke AdhAra para bana rahA vAtAvaraNa isa soca ko bebuniyAda bhI sAbita kara rahA hai| bhArata meM to aisA dRSTikoNa pratyakSataH hI dikhAI de rahA hai| yahAM vividhatA meM ekatA kA prayoga kAphI aMzoM taka saphala rahA hai tathA isa vidhi kA kAryAnvayana bar3e paimAne para karake bhI saphalatA arjita kI jA sakatI hai| isa deza meM bhI isa prayoga ko jArI rakhA jAnA caahie| yaha prayoga asAmAnya hai ki bhArata aneka jihvAoM se, svaroM se tathA samudAyoM kI AvAjoM se bolatA hai aura phira bhI ekatA kI mUla dhvani sarvatra prasArita hai| bahusaMskRtivAda kA siddhAnta hI ekatA kI saphalatA kI gAraMTI bana skegaa| aisI ekatA jisameM sabhI apanI-apanI saMskRtiyoM kA anusaraNa bhI karate raha skeNge| - isake uparAnta bhI yaha mAna lenA bhUla hogI ki ekatA se saMbaMdhita AzaMkAoM se Darane kI jarUrata nahIM hai| kAraNa, abhI bhI kucha sazakta varga aise haiM jinheM kaTTarapaMthI kahA jA sakatA hai| ye varga bahusaMskRtivAda ke viruddha haiM aura apanI eka hI saMskRti, eka hI bhASA aura eka hI dharma kA phailAva cAhate haiN| rASTrIyatA ke prati kaTTaratA bhI ina vargoM meM hai aura kaTTaratA sarvatra ekatA kI zatru hotI hai| ekatA sabako sAtha lekara calanA cAhatI hai, vahAM kaTTaratA manuSya ko alaga-alaga saMgharSazIla guToM meM bAMTa detI hai| ye guTa ekatA ke bAdhaka bane rahate haiN| ataH sarvatra kaTTaratA ko sahayogitA meM badalanA bahuta bar3A racanAtmaka kArya hogaa| vartamAna samaya kI mAMga hai ki sabhI prakAra kI vividhatAoM kI surakSA kI jAe, unheM phalane-phUlane kA avasara diyA jAe, kintu kaTTaratA se banAI gaI unakI antardvandva kI vRtti ko sneha aura sahayoga se samApta kara unake pArasparika sambandhoM ko sahakArI 425

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sucaritram banAyA jaae| yaha jarUra hai ki banAvaTI AdhAroM para jur3Ava hone se vaisI vividhatA prANavAn nahIM bana skegii| usakI pRSThabhUmi vAstavika honI caahie| caritra nirmANa tathA vikAsa kA daura isa mor3a se gujaranA cAhie ki manuSya jAti kI ekatA tathA mAnavIya mUlyoM kI guNavattA kA Adarza sarvopari rahe aura usa Adarza kI chAMva meM hI sabhI prakAra kI vividhatAeM vividha hokara bhI ekatA kI jar3oM ko majabUta kreN| ata: yaha kahane meM koI Apatti nahIM honI cAhie ki vividhatAoM se bharI sAmAjikatA ko hajAra jihvAoM se bolane do, vicAra prakAzana ko roko mata, kintu jihvA kA Adarza sammukha rhe| caritra sampannatA kA lakSya bane vizvastarIya caritra kA gaThana : ___ samAja Aja jina viSama paristhitiyoM se gujara rahA hai, samAja virodhI kukRtyoM kA jAla phaila rahA hai. bhraSTAcAra. aparAdha aura avyavasthA sabako da:khI banA rahI hai aura jisa prakAra samAja kA eka bahuta bar3A bhAga garIbI, azikSA, bImArI, berojagArI Adi burAIyoM se jUjha rahA hai, ina sabake mala meM caritrahInatA hI mukhya rUpa se jimmedAra haiN| cAroM ora sAmahika caritra kA abhAva sA dikhAI detA hai kyoMki vyakti hI caritrazIla nahIM bana rahA hai| vAstava meM jaba sAmUhika (parivAra, samAja, rASTra, vizva Adi) cAritra kA abhAva hone lagatA hai to vaha sthiti vikAsa ke lie ghAtaka bana jAtI hai| vyakti kI caritrahInatA ke kAraNa sAmUhika caritra kA vikAsa nahIM ho pAtA hai aura usake binA kahIM bhI navanirmANa kI saMbhAvanAeM dhUmila par3a jAtI hai| caritra kI sAmAnya vyAkhyA kare to yahI hogI ki ApakA jIvana jisa rUpa meM dikhAI detA hai aura karttavyaniSThA kI dRSTi se jisa rUpa meM dikhAI denA cAhie vaha vAstava meM andara se bhI vaisA hI ho-usameM doharApana na ho| phira AcaraNa kI sImA meM sabhI prakAra kI maryAdAoM kA pAlana kiyA jAe jo sarvatra anuzAsana ke lie Avazyaka hotI hai| Apa apanI dinacaryA meM, dhana kamAne meM, paraspara vyavahAra karane meM una sAmAjika maryAdAoM kA pAlana karate haiM jo nIti dvArA nirdhArita hai to vaha sAmAnya caritra kA rUpaka ho jaaegaa| sAmUhika caritra kA vikAsa tabhI ho sakegA, jaba vyakti pahale apane jIvana ko caritra sampanna banAne kA prayAsa kregaa| vyakti ke jIvana meM Aja jo caritrahInatA dikhAI de rahI hai usakA yaha kAraNa hai ki vyakti apane jIvana kA vAstavika uddezya nirdhArita nahIM kara pAtA hai aura kahIM kahIM nirdhAraNa hotA bhI hai to usakI gati sthira nahIM rhtii| uddezyahInatA caritra sampannatA ko panapane hI nahIM detI hai| uddezyahIna vyakti kA caritra usake parivAra ke lie sahAyaka nahIM banatA, apane sAmAjika dAyitvoM kA nirvAha nahIM karatA to rASTrIya kartavyoM ke pAlana se bhI upekSita ho jAtA hai| vyakti se samAja kI racanA banatI hai| vyaktigata caritra yadi samRddha bana jAtA hai, samatA ke dharAtala para mamatA ke baMdhanoM ko zithila banA detA hai to usa caritra kA suprabhAva anya vyaktiyoM para par3e binA nahIM rahatA hai| yoM jaba aneka caraNa zubhatA kI ora cala par3ate haiM to ve vizva saMgaThana ko bhI ekatA ke sUtra meM Abaddha kara sakate haiN| caritra sampannatA se hI guNoM kA vikAsa hotA hai, samAja meM nyAya kI sthApanA hotI hai tathA vizva 426

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caritra ko aMtarrASTrIya stara para le jAne hetu sadbhAva jarUrI kA bhI ekatA ke AdhAra para nava nirmANa kiyA jA sakatA hai| Aja alaga-alaga rASTrIyatA, jAti, dharma, sabhyatA, bhASA, rahana-sahana Adi vibhedoM vAle vibhinna vargoM yukta isa vizva samAja meM jo ekatA aura ekarUpatA lAne ke prayAsa cala rahe haiM, unake pIche eka hI dRSTikoNa hai aura eka hI dRSTikoNa rahanA cAhie aura vaha hai mAnavatA kA dRSTikoNa / isI mAnavatA se aura tadanurUpa cAritrika sampannatA se vizva stara taka nyAyapUrNa samAja gaThita kiyA jA sakegA jisakA uddezya hogA ki kisI bhI nAma para hone vAle manuSya aura manuSya ke bIca ke anyAya kI sArI kar3iyAM tor3a dI jAe aura aisI nyAyapUrNa vyavasthA kI pratiSThA ho jisake antargata nyAya sampanna parivAra kI taraha vizva ke sabhI nAgarika zAnti se rahe, sukha se jieM aura eka-dUsare ke madadagAra bneN| isa lakSya ko pAne ke lie samAja meM Aja pracalita niyamoM ko do vargoM meM bAMTa kara samajhanA hogaa| eka to hai zoSaNa kA niyama (laoN oNpha eksalpoiTezana) jisameM 'jIvo jIvasya bhakSaNam' kA raMga-DhaMga dikhAI detA hai ki kisI anya kI kucha bhI hAni (prANa- hAni taka bhI) ho taba bhI apanA kAma banA hI lenA caahie| isake viparIta niyama hotA hai jo mAnavatA ke lie svAbhAvika bhI hai, vaha hai tyAga - balidAna kA niyama (laoN oNpha sekrIphAisa) jisameM 'jIvo jIvasya rakSaNam' ke anusAra apane svArthoM se Upara uTha kara parahita karane kI pravRtti prabala hotI hai| samAja kA sadasya yAnI ki vyakti upalabdha caritra aura vAtAvaraNa ke anusAra isa yA usa niyama meM DhalatA hai, kintu AvazyakatA isa prayAsa aura caritra vikAsa kI hai ki tyAga-balidAna kA niyama logoM ke mana meM jame aura parivAra se lekara vizva taka ke sabhI samUha isa prakAra kI caritra sampannatA se vibhUSita hokara sarvatra samatAmaya ekatA kI sthApanA kA zaMkhanAda kara deN| yoM caritra kA nirmANa va vikAsa bhI Aja vizva starIya hI honA caahie| 427

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naI sakArAtmaka chavi ubharanI cAhie dharma-sampradAyoM kI dharma va sampradAya meM pragatizIlatA kI jarUrata padAghAta-isa jaina kathA kA yahI zIrSaka ThIka rhegaa| ' padAghAta kA artha hai-pAMvoM ke TakarAne se zarIra para lagane vAlI coTa / dIkSA lene ke bAda pahalI rAta meM muni meghakumAra ko padAghAta kA kaTu anubhava huA-usase ve vihvala ho uThe, balki mana hI mana soca liyA ki subaha uThane ke bAda ve apane pAtra Adi bhagavAn mahAvIra ko sauMpa deMge aura dIkSA chor3a kara punaH apane rAjamahala meM cale jaaeNge| mahArAjA zreNika aura rAnI dhAriNI ke putra rAjakumAra megha kI kathA gaharAI se samajhane yogya hai| garbha meM the taba rAnI ko asamaya dohada huA ki ve barasatI phuhAroM meM hAthI para ArUr3ha hokara bAhara bhramaNa karane jaaveN| isI kAraNa nAma rakhA gyaa-meghkumaar| kizorAvasthA meM hI the ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dezanA sunakara virAgI ho ge| dezanA samApta hote hI bhagavAn se apane caraNoM meM sthAna dene kI unhoMne prArthanA kara dii| bhagavAn to bhaviSyavettA the-kyA hone vAlA hai, yaha saba kucha jAnate the so saMyata bhASA meM hI svIkRti de dI aura kahA-'he devAnupriya! tumheM jaisA sukha ho vaisA karo, kintu dharma kArya meM vilamba na 428

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naI sakArAtmaka chavi ubharanI cAhie dharma - sampradAyoM kI 33

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naI sakArAtmaka chavi ubharanI cAhie dharma-sampradAyoM kI kro|' phira to rAjakumAra ne mAtA-pitA ko bhI manA liyA aura bhagavAn ke samIpa dIkSita ho ge| padAghAta se kyoM kara vihvala hue megha muni? navadIkSita hone se ve sabase choTe muni the, isa kAraNa unakI patalI sI pathArI ko variSTha santoM kI lambI paMkti ke ekadama anta meM nikAsa dvAra ke pAsa hI meM sthAna milaa| kahAM to mahala kI sukha sajjA aura palaMga para moTe rezamI gaddoM para sone vAle rAjakumAra megha aura kahAM dIkSA kI pahalI rAta meM patalI sI pathArI para soe megha muni? usa para nirantara ho rahe padAghAta-ve vihvala ho utthe| rAta bhara eka na eka saMta nivRtti ke lie bAhara jAtAAtA rahA aura aMdhere ke kAraNa nikAsa dvAra ke pAsa soe megha muni ke zarIra se unakA pAMva TakarA hI jaataa| ve 'kSamA' kahakara Age bar3ha jAte, kintu megha muni to mana masosa kara raha jAte aura mana hI mana kur3hate rhte| pUrI rAta padAghAta sahate-sahate hI bItI-pala bhara ko bhI palaka nahIM jhapaka skii| ve ghabarA gae ki aisA kaSTamaya hotA hai yaha sAdhu jIvana? unhoMne soca liyA ki ve yaha saba kucha sahana nahIM kara paaeNge| . tanika se padAghAtoM ne megha muni ke hRdaya kI pUta bhAvanAoM ko dabA diyA-unakA citta bhrAMta hone lgaa| asahya kaSTa kI vyAkulatA tathA mahaloM kI sukhabharI yAda ke sAtha ve bhagavAn ke samakSa cale gae aura Aveza meM apane kaSTAnubhava kA tIvratA se varNana karane hI vAle the ki bhagavAn hI pahale bola par3e-kyoM megha muni ! rAtri meM lage halke padAghAtoM se hI ghabarA kara dIkSA tyAga ke lie A gae ho? megha muni stabdha-aba kyA kaheM bhagavAn ko, unheM lajjA-sI anubhava hone lagI ki kyA unameM vIratA kA bhAva nahIM rahA so aisI vihvalatA A gaI? pazcAttApa kA bhAva jaise unake mana-mAnasa para chAne lgaa| taba ve vyathita se khar3e hI rahe, kucha bhI bola nahIM paae| phira bhagavAn hI bole-'mana ko zAnta karo megha! kaSTa sahiSNutA hI saccI Atma-sAdhanA hotI hai| jaba taka zarIra kA moha maujUda rahegA, AtmA kI ora dRSTi acala kaise banegI? aura tumane to aisA kaSTa samajhate-bUjhate itanI zAnti se sahA thA ki tumhArA prANAnta hI ho gayA aura santoM ke mAmUlI se padAghAtoM para bhI itanA Akroza?' megha muni apalaka bhagavAn ke AbhA maMDala ko nihArate rhe| bhagavAn ne unheM unake hI pUrva janma kI kahAnI sunAI-megha kumAra kA jIva pahale ke janma meM eka hAthI ke rUpa meM thaa| apanI vizAlatA aura zakti ke uparAnta bhI vaha choTe se choTe prANI ko bhI kabhI satAtA nahIM thA-bar3A dayAlu thaa| eka bAra usa vana meM dAvAgni lagI-vaha pUre vana pradeza meM phaila gii| vana ke sabhI choTe-bar3e prANI apane prANa bacAne kelie bAhara bhaage| vaha hAthI bhI bhaagaa| sabhI prANI eka maidAna meM jamA huekahIM tila taka rakhane kI jagaha nahIM bcii| usa samaya hAthI ko peTa para khAja hone lagI to vaha eka paira uThA kara khAja karane lgaa| itane meM eka kharagoza, jise kahIM bhI jagaha nahIM milI thI, hAthI ke paira se khAlI huI jagaha para Akara jama gyaa| aba vaha dayAlu hAthI apanA uThAyA huA paira phira se yathAsthAna para rakhe to kaise? vaha bar3e asamaMjasa meM par3A, kintu antataH nizcaya kiyA ki apane sukha ke lie vaha kharagoza ke prANa nahIM legaa| vaha pUrI rAta tIna pairoM para hI khar3A rhaa| prAtaH agni ke zAnta hone se saMba prANI vahAM se cale gae, kintu gaharI thakAna se vaha hAthI besudha hokara nIce gira par3A aura zAnta maraNa ko prApta ho gyaa| vahI hAthI naye janma meM rAjakumAra megha ke rUpa meM utpanna huaa| 429

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sucaritram 430 megha muni apane hI pUrva janma kI kathA sunakara vicAra magna ho gae-santoM ke caraNa to kamala rUpa hote haiM unakA kaisA padAghAta, ve itane se kaSTa se kyoM vihvala ho gaye jabaki kharagoza kI jIvana rakSA hetu unhoMne padAghAta nahIM kiyA aura aicchika maraNa kA cayana kiyaa| bhAvoM kI utkRSTatA ne unake caMcala mana ko saMyama meM sadA ke lie susthira banA diyA / kathAsAra isa rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai ki bigar3A huA mana bigar3e hue ghor3e kI taraha ho jAtA hai aura vaha AsAnI se nahIM sudharatA use padAghAta kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| padAghAta se bhramita - cetanA lauTatI hai aura pazcAttApa kI sthiti paidA hotI hai| vaha Atma-saMzodhana kI dazA hotI hai| padAghAta aura saMzodhana kA zAyada Apasa meM gaharA saMbaMdha hotA hai, jo pratyeka vyakti ke jIvana meM kabhI na kabhI pratyakSa rUpa se anubhava meM AtA hai| caritra nirmANa evaM vikAsa kI racanAtmaka yAtrA meM isa sambandha ko hamezA dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie / saccA dharma sadA zubhatAmaya, para sampradAeM bhI zubhatA kI vAhaka thI : saccA dharma sarva-zubhatA kA pratIka hotA hai aura tadanurUpa AcaraNa para bala detA hai / caritra aisI zubhatA kA vyApaka prasAra karatA hai aura samAja ko zubhatAmaya banAtA hai / caritra sacce dharma kA anusaraNa karatA hai, kintu sacce dharma ke svarUpa ko antaHkaraNa pUrvaka samajhanA caahie| AntarikatA meM jo pavitra sarvahitakArI bhAva taraMgeM uThatI hai, jAgRta cetanA kI nirmala dhArA bahatI hai, mana-mAnasa meM zuddha saMskAroM kA eka pravAha umar3atA hai kyA vahI saccA dharma hai? athavA bAhara meM jo hamArA kRtitva hai, kriyAkAMDa hai, rIti rivAja hai, jIvanazailI ke taura-tarIke haiM- kyA ve dharma haiM? saMkSepa meM hamArA Antarika vyaktitva dharma hai yA bAhya vyaktitva ? vyaktitva ke ye do rUpa hote haiM- Antarika evaM bAhya / Antarika vyaktitva vaha jo vAstava meM hama jaise andara meM hote haiM usa 'hone' se nirmita hotA hai aura bAhya vyaktitva vaha jo hama jaisA bAhara meM karate haiM- usa 'karane' se nirmita hotA hai| prazna yaha hai ki 'honA' aura 'karanA' inameM dharma kaunasA hai yAnI ki vyaktitva kA kaunasA rUpa dharma hai? saca pUche to : 'honA' aura 'karanA' meM bahuta kama vyakti samajha pAte haiM, kyoMki Antarika vyaktitva ko sahI-sahI ve hI samajha sakate haiM jo nikaTa samparka meM hoM aura guNI va vivekazIla bhI hoM / parantu bAharI vyaktitva ko samajha lenA utanA kaThina nahIM / sAmAnya vyakti bhI bAhara ke kriyAkalApoM se apanA niSkarSa nikAla letA hai| usakA niSkarSa bAharI hI hotA hai ataH bAhara ke vyaktitva ko hI sAmAnya rUpa se samUcA vyaktitva mAna liyA jAtA hai tathA usake hI AdhAra para dharma kA svarUpa bhI nirdhArita ho jAtA hai| Azaya yaha ki Aja bAharI vyaktitva mAtra hI hamArA dharma bana rahA hai / yaha sthiti viDambanA pUrNa hai| vicAra kareM ki Antarika vyaktitva aura bAhya vyaktitva meM kyA antara hai? moTe taura para samajheM ki Antarika AtmA hai aura bAhya hai zarIra, zarIra meM AtmA rahegI tabhI vaha jIvanta kahalAyegA, varanA mRta zarIra kA kyA mUlya hai- yaha sabhI jAnate haiN| jitanA jisakA Antarika aura bAhya vyaktitva ekarUpa hogA, vaha utanA hI niSkapaTa aura sarala hogaa| isake viparIta jisakA antara bAhya bhinnabhinna hogA, vaha utanA hI kapaTI aura dhUrta hogaa| aba prazna yahI hai ki kisI bhI vyakti ko sAmAnya

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naI sakArAtmaka chavi ubharanI cAhie dharma sampradAyoM kI loga usake bAhya vyaktitva se hI jAna pAte haiM, phira sahI vyaktitva kI parakha kaise ho? dhUrta vyakti ke bhItara svArtha kA kapaTa jAla hotA hai, lekina bAhara meM vaha vaisA abhinaya kara sakatA hai jaise ki usake jaisA ImAnadAra dUsarA nhiiN| eka bAra aisA abhinaya cala sakatA hai, lekina hamezA nahIM calatAbhItara kA vikAra bAhara phUTe binA nahIM rahatA aura jaba phUTatA hai to sArA bhaMDAphor3a ho jAtA hai| isa kAraNa vAstavikatA yahI mAnanI cAhie ki jo kucha vyakti kA Antarika vyaktitva hai, vahI usake caritra kI aura dharma kI kasauTI hai| saccA dharma hRdaya meM rahatA hai aura vaha bAhara prakaTa hue binA nahIM rhtaa| asala nakala kA khela kucha vakta ke lie cala sakatA hai, hamezA ke lie nhiiN| isalie parakha buddhi kI dhAra ko sadA tIkSNa banAe rakhanA caahie| __ sacce dharma kA darzana karane kI jinakI jijJAsA ho, unheM sAre bAharI AvaraNoM ko haTA kara bhItara meM jhAMkanA hogA, kriyAkAMDoM kI bAhya bhUmikA se Upara uTha kara mana ko Antarika bhUmikA taka calanA hogaa| taba spaSTa hogA ki dharma to eka akhaNDa, zAzvata aura pariSkRta vicAra hai aura hamArI vizuddha Antarika cetanA hai| mukti use hI mila sakatI hai, jisakI sAdhanA samabhAva se paripUrNa hai| jo duHkha meM bhI aura sukha meM bhI sama hai, nirdvandva hai, vItarAga hai-vahI hai dhrmnisstth| loga varSA ke samaya barasAtI or3ha kara nikalate haiM, kitanA hI pAnI barase, vaha bhIgatI nahIM, gIlI nahIM hotI aura pahinane vAle ko pAnI se bacAtI hai, phira pAnI baha gayA aura barasAtI sUkhI kI suukhii| samatA ke sAdhaka kA mana bhI barasAtI ke samAna ho jAtA hai| sukha kA pAnI gire yA duHkha kA-mana ko bhIganA nahIM cAhie-yahI dharmArAdhanA hai aura yahI samatA kI sAdhanA hai| yahI dvandvoM se alipta rahane kI prakriyA hai aura yahI vItarAgatA kI upAsanA hai| yahI vItarAgatA hamArI zuddha antazcetanA hai aura yahI hamArA dharma hai| yahI dharma bhItara palatA hai aura bAhara phalatA hai| isa sacce dharma meM kevala zubhatA haisabakA zubha cAhane kI bhAvanA hai aura sabake lie zubha hI karane kI kAmanA hai| aise dharma meM vivAda aura saMgharSa kaise ho sakatA hai? isakA to jisako bhI sparza milegA, vaha dhanya ho jAyegA-'sva' ko bhala kara 'para' ke zabha meM itanI tallInatA se nimagna ho jAegA ki jaba taka usakA caritra utkRSTatA ke zikhara taka na pahuMce, vaha samatA kI sAdhanA meM nirata rhegaa| ___ yaha saca hai ki saccA dharma sarvathA aura sadA zubhatAmaya hI hotA hai aura saca yaha bhI hai ki isI zubhatA kI vAhaka bana kara sampradAyoM ne prArambha meM zubhatA ke sAdhya ko hI phalIbhUta karane ke prayAsa sampradAya kA artha hai samAna rUpa se denaa| sampradAya kyA dene ke lie banI aura vaha kyA vastu thI jo unheM sabako samAna rUpa se denI cAhie thI? dharma kA eka sandeza rahA hai ki apanA aisA caritra gaThita karo jo sabake lie zubha ho, zubhatA dene vAlA ho| isI sandeza ko vibhinna siddhAntoM kA puTa dekara sabhI dharma pravartakoM ne bAra-bAra guMjAyA hai aura isI sandeza ko vyakti-vyakti ke hRdaya meM utArane kA dAyitva sampradAyoM ne uThAyA ki ve zubhatA-sandeza samAna rUpa se vyakti-vyakti ko deM, samUha-samUha ko deM aura sArI vyavasthA meM usakA samAveza kraaveN| sampradAeM yathArtha meM sacce dharma kI hI vAhikAeM thIM, jo pravartaka ke jana-prabhAva ko banAe rakhakara dharma kI jyoti ko jalAe rakhatI thI tAki sAmAnya jana ke samakSa vikAsa kA mArga spaSTa rhe| 431

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sucaritram sampradAyoM kI sampradAyatA meM kaI kAraNoM se jaba Azaya kI bhinnatA ubharane lagI, taba unakI nirdezita kriyAoM meM bhI bhinnatA jhalakane lgii| phira bhI yaha mAnA jAtA rahA ki sampradAyoM kI bhinnatAoM ke bIca meM bhI yadi vyakti kI dRSTi aura kRti satyamaya bana gaI hai to koI bhI sampradAya usake vikAsa meM bAdhaka nahIM bana skegii| yaha mAnyatA usa avasthA meM thI jaba vyakti dharma aura satya kA pArakhI thaa| isI para to bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apane zrAvaka-zrAvikA samudAya ko sAdhusAdhvI samudAya kA mAtA-pitA (ammA-piyaro) khaa| kyoM aisA kahA? isa kAraNa ki sAdhusAdhvI bhI yadi kahIM mArgacyuta ho to zrAvaka-zrAvikA unheM sAvaceta kareM aura mArga bhraSTa na hone deN| yaha nimna zreNI kA sAdhaka hone para bhI zrAvaka-zrAvikA samudAya kI yogyatA evaM parIkSA buddhi kA vizvAsa thA ki vaha apane se Upara kI zreNI ke sAdhakoM ke caritra para bhI nigAha rkheN| jaba taka vibhinna sampradAyoM ke anuyAyiyoM meM aisI yogyatA aura parIkSA buddhi rahI, taba taka na to sampradAyoM kA uddezya calita huA aura na hI ve sacce dharma kA pracAra-prasAra karane se vimukha bnii| . kyoM girI sampradAeM apane dAyitvoM se aura kyoM azubhatA kI kAraNa banIM? . zubhatva bhI bhAva hai aura azubhatva bhI bhAva hI hai, lekina donoM meM AkAza-pAtAla kA antara hai| jahAM zubhatva mAnava caritra kA svabhAva hai, vahAM azubhatva vibhaav| aba ina bhAvoM ke srota to aneka ho sakate haiM, parantu donoM prakAra ke bhAvoM kA janma sthala eka hI hai aura vaha hai mAnava kA antHkrnn| isI antaHkaraNa meM zubhatA kI ThaMDI bayAra bhI calatI hai to azubhatA ke AMdhI-andhar3a bhii| vahI dharma aura ve hI sampradAaiM jo mAnava ke sarvahita meM saMlagna thI arthAt sampradAyoM ke nAyaka dharma ke Antarika pakSa ko prAthamikatA dete the, unhIM ke anta:karaNa meM zuddhatA, zubhatA aura saccAI ke sthAna para vyaktigata varcasva. mAna-sammAna Adi ke nihita svArtha panapane lage yAnI ki bhAvoM kI azabhatA phailane lgii| azubhatA se azubhatA phailatI hai yA phailAI jAtI hai| taba ina dharma nAyakoM ne apane anuyAyiyoM kI gherebaMdI zurU kI, unameM andha zraddhA panapAI aura kaTTarapaMthitA paidA kii| yoM zubhatA kA . vAtAvaraNa malina hone lgaa| taba Antarika vyaktitva ko parakhane aura mAna dene kI vRtti ukhAr3I jAne lagI tathA bAhya vyaktitva ko hI mAnane para bala diyA jAne lgaa| sampradAeM jinakA kSetra vizAla thA aura kArya vyApaka, aba saMkucita hone lagI, kyoMki ve dhIre-dhIre nihita svArthiyoM ke adhikAra meM jAne lgii| bAharI dikhAvA aura ADaMbara hI dharma va sampradAyoM kA AbhUSaNa bana gyaa| aise meM sampradAeM apane mUla dAyitvoM ke nirvAha meM juTI huI kaise raha sakatI thI? ve apane zubha dAyitvoM se girane lagI tathA apanA-apanA prabhAva kSetra bar3hAne aura apane ghere meM Ae anuyAyiyoM ko kaTTara banAne meM juTa gii| jaba ye sampradAeM apane sahI uddezyoM se girane lagI to yaha honA hI thA ki ve azubhatA kI kAraNa bneN| isa prakAra dharma ko bhI zubhatA se haTA kara azubhatA ke bIhar3a vana meM dhakelA jAne lgaa| isakA natIjA yaha sAmane AyA ki dhArmika kSetra meM vivAda aura saMgharSa bar3hane lage tathA rAgadveSa dUra karake vairAgya aura vItarAgatA kA upadeza dene vAlI sampradAeM bhI rAga dveSa ke dala-dala meM burI taraha phaMsa gii| vahI dharma, majahaba aura ve hI sampradAeM jo mAnava samudAyoM ko jor3A karatI thI, apanI nAmavarI kI ApAdhApI meM saba ora tor3ane kI prakriyA calAne lgii| hindU-musalamAnoM ke bIca 432

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naI sakArAtmaka chavi ubharanI cAhie dharma-sampradAyoM kI jagaha-jagaha hue khUnI daMgoM kI sabakI yAda khatma nahIM huI hai to choTe-moTe saMgharSa pratyeka dhArmika kSetra meM calate rahe haiN| vizva ke sabhI bhAgoM meM jitane bhI vivAda uThe haiM, saMgharSa ubhare haiM aura mata-paMthoM kA vistAra huA hai, ve saba dharma meM mAtra bAhara ke vyaktitva, bAhara ke kriyAkAMDa aura bAhara kI hI dRSTi apanA lene ke kAraNa hI huA hai| bhArata meM hI dekheM ki vaidikoM ke zaiva aura vaiSNava matoM, bauddhoM ke hInayAna va mahAyAna matoM kI bhI upazAkhAoM para upazAkhAeM nikalatI gaI aura vivAda ke dAyare bar3hate rhe| jainoM ko hI le leM-digambara aura zvetAmbara ke rUpa meM do Tukar3e hue aura aba eka-eka Tukar3e ke dasiyoM Tukar3e hue haiM va hote jA rahe haiN| Akhira yaha kaunasA jamIna-jAyadAda kA jhagar3A hai, so mUla zAkhAeM bhI vibhAjita hotI gaI aura naI-naI upazAkhAeM kAyama hotI rhii| mUla meM varcasva aura kIrti kI lAlasA hI kAma karatI hai. krAntikArI badalAva muzkila se hI kahIM dikhAI detA hai| asala tathya yaha hai ki saMsAra chor3a kara saMyamI banane vAloM ke mana meM bhI niSkAmatA aura nispRhatA kA bhAva maMda ho gayA hai aura bAhya ADaMbara sabake (adhikAMza ke) mAthe para car3ha kara bola rahA hai| kisI eka hI dharma-paramparA kI bAta nahIM hai, balki jo jo dhArmika paramparAeM dharma ke bAhya ativAda se grasita huI arthAt jinakA dharma vicAra sirpha bAhara hI meM aTaka gayA to vahAM para Antarika vyaktitva ko saMvArane kI bAta to bahuta dUra raha gaI, bhItara meM jhAMkane kI pravRtti hI samApta ho gii| jahAM AtmAlocanA nahIM rahI, vahAM patha bhraSTa na hone kA AtmAnuzAsana hI kahAM bacA? aisI dhArmika saMsthAeM, sampradAeM Adi bhItara meM giratI gaI aura bhItara ke patana ko najarandAja karane ke lie bAhara meM ADambaroM kI dhUma macAI jAne lgii| vaiSNava paramparA meM jaba zaiva va vaiSNava bhaktoM ke bIca jhagar3e tIkhe hue aura sulajhe hI nahIM to tilaka ko tUla diyA gyaa| koI sIdhA tilaka lagAtA hai, koI Ter3hA, koI trizUla mArkA, koI 'yU' mArkA, koI gola bindu aura tilaka ko muktidAtA banA diyaa| tilaka lagAyA to durAcArI bhI mukti pA legA aura nahIM lagAyA to sadAcArI bhI bAhara rhegaa| socane kI bAta hai ki dharma sirpha bAhara meM rakha diyA gayA aura bhItara ko vIrAna banA diyA. dharma ke poMgApaMthiyoM meN| guru ke sthAna para guruDama raha gayA aura sAvaceta anuyAyiyoM ke sthAna para aMdhazraddhAlu bhkt| bauddha paramparA meM bhikSu ko cIvara dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna hai-cIvara kA artha hai phaTA purAnA silA huA vastra yAnI ki kNthaa| aba paramparA kA pAlana kaise hotA hai ki ekadama naye rezamI vastra ke Tukar3e kie jAte haiM aura una Tukar3oM ko sila kara cIvara banatA hai| ye saba dharma ko bAhara se dekhane vAlI paramparAeM bana gaI haiN| ye bAharI kriyAoM ko, rIti rivAja, pahinAve aura banAva ko hI dharma samajha baiThI haiM, ye saba to eka prakAra kI sabhyatA athavA kulAcAra kI mAtra pratIkAtmaka bAte haiN| bAhara meM kyA kiyA jAtA hai, usase sacce dharma kA kadApi mUlyAkaMna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| dharma ko bAhara se aTakA dene ke kAraNa hI dharma aura sampradAeM azubhatA kI kAraNa bana gii| bAhara kI bhUla-bhulaiyA se nikala kara sakArAtmaka chavi banAne kI jarurata : . jaba bhItara se dharma nikala jAtA hai aura vaha sirpha bAhara meM hI aTaka jAtA hai to nizcaya hai ki vAtAvaraNa meM jaDatA, aMdhatA aura kaTTaratA kA phailAva ho jAtA hai| Ama loga taba bher3acAla meM calate 433

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sucaritram 434 haiM aura nihita svArthI unake netA bana kara unako manacAhI dizA aura girAvaTa kI dazA meM haMkAlate rahate haiN| aise meM bAhara kI bhUla bhulaiyA meM kiMkarttavyamUr3hatA phaila jAtI hai, koI sAdhya yA karttavya nizcita nahIM ho pAtA hai tathA samUce jIvana kI vyavasthA meM nakArAtmaka zUnyatA pasara jAtI hai| taba bhItarI dharma ko khojane athavA vastuoM ke satya svarUpa kA jJAna karane meM sacce sAdhaka ko bhI aisI bAdhAoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai, jinase virodhAbhAsoM kA janma ho jAtA hai aura bhrAntiyAM bar3ha jAtI hai| isa saMbaMdha meM svAmI vivekAnaMda kA kathana hai-vastuoM kA satya svarUpa kyA hai, yaha jAnane ke lie hama cAhe kisI dizA meM jhukeM, gaMbhIra cintA karane para hameM dikhAI yahI degA ki anta meM hama vastuoM kI eka aisI ajIba avasthA para A pahuMcate haiM, jo virodhAtmaka-sI pratIta hotI hai| hama usa avarNanIya dharma ko jA pahuMcate haiM, jo buddhi se grahaNa to kiyA nahIM jA sakatA, parantu phira bhI satya hai| hama jJAna prApti ke lie eka vastu lete haiM, hama jAnate haiM ki vaha sAnta hai, lekina jyoMhI hama usakA vizleSaNa karane lagate haiM, vaha hameM eka aise kSetra meM le jAtI hai jo buddhi ke atIta hai| usake guNadharmoM kA, usakI saMbhavanIya avasthAoM kA, usakI zaktiyoM aura usake sambandhoM kA hama anta nahIM pA skte| vaha ananta bana jAtI hai|... yahI vicAroM aura anubhavoM ke viSaya meM satya hai, cAhe vaha anubhava bhautika ho yA mAnasika / AraMbha meM hama vastuoM ko choTI samajha kara grahaNa karate haiM, lekina zIghra hI ve hamAre jJAna ko dhokhA de detI hai aura ananta ke garta meM vilIna ho jAtI hai| hamAre svayaM ke astitva ke bAre meM bhI aisA hI hai| hamAre isa astitva ke viSaya meM bhI vaha vikaTa samasyA upasthita ho jAtI hai| isameM saMdeha nahIM ki hamArA astitva hai| hama dekhate haiM ki hama zAnta jIva haiN| hama janma lete haiM aura hamArI mRtyu hotI hai| hamAre jIvana kA kSitija parimita hai| hama isa vizva meM maryAdita avasthA meM vidyamAna hai| ...hama samudra meM uThane vAlI laharoM ke samAna haiN| lahara samudra se bilkula hI pRthak nahIM hai, phira bhI vaha svayaM samudra nahIM hai, lekina lahara kA aisA koI hissA nahIM hai, jise hama aisA kaha sake ki yaha samudra nahIM hai / 'samudra' yaha abhidhAna use tathA samudra ke pratyeka aMga ko samAna rUpa se lAgU hai| isa prakAra jaba taka bAhara ke dharma ko bhItara ke dharma ke AdhAra para pratiSThita nahIM kiyA jAegA, taba taka bhrAntiyAM uThatI rahegI aura satya svarUpa kA nirNaya saMbhava nahIM rhegaa| Aja kI yahI pukAra hai ki aba dharma aura sampradAyoM kI naI, sakArAtmaka chavi ubharanI caahie| inheM zAyada padAghAta kI sakhta jarUrata hai| kaisI honI cAhie dharma aura sampradAyoM kI naI sakArAtmaka chavi ? kRti, vikRti aura pratikRti kA krama calatA rahatA hai, tadanusAra Aja kI vikRti ko samApta karane ke lie pratikRti ke caraNa kI ora bar3hanA hogA, jisakA mUla abhiprAya yahI hotA hai ki yugAnusAra parivartanoM ko apanAte hue kRti ke maulika siddhAntoM kI punarsthApanA kI jaae| Aja dhArmika kSetra meM vikRtiyAM phaila gaI haiM, kintu dharma ke saMbaMdha meM prAcIna kAla se gahana cintana hotA AyA hai tathA use samatva ke rUpa meM sarvazubhadAyaka mArga mAnA gayA hai| RSiyoM, AcAryoM, santa-saMnyAsiyoM ne dharma para manana bhI kiyA aura AcaraNa bhI tathA sAdhanA se sarvahitakArI siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyaa| jainAcAryoM ne dharma ke do rUpa batAe haiMnizcaya dharma aura vyavahAra dharma / vastutaH dharma do nahIM hote, eka hI hotA hai| kintu dharma kA vAtAvaraNa taiyAra karane vAlI tathA usa prakAra kI sAdhana sAmagriyoM ko bhI dharma kI paridhi meM lekara usake do

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naI sakArAtmaka chavi ubharanI cAhie dharma-sampradAyoM kI rUpa banA diye haiN| vyavahAra dharma kA artha hai-nizcaya dharma taka pahuMcane ke lie pRSThabhUmi taiyAra karane vAlA dhrm| sAdhanA kI uttarottara preraNA jagAne ke lie aura usakA adhikAdhika prazikSaNa lene ke lie vyavahAra dharma kI AvazyakatA hai| yaha eka prakAra kA vidyAlaya hai| vidyAlaya jJAna kA dAvedAra nahIM hotA kintu jJAna kA vAtAvaraNa jarUra nirmANa karatA hai| vidyAlaya meM Ane vAle ke bhItara pratibhA hai to vaha vidvAn bana sakatA hai, jJAna kI jyoti prApta kara sakatA hai, lekina nirAbuddha to vahAM bhI vaisA kA vaisA hI rhegaa| vidyAlaya meM yaha zakti nahIM ki kisI ko vidvAn banA de| yahI bAta vyavahAra dharma kI hai| bAhya kriyAkAMDa kisI kA kalyANa karane kI gAraMTI nahIM de sakatA jisake antaHkaraNa meM aMzataH hI sahI, nizcaya (Antarika) dharma kI jAgRti hogI, usI kA kalyANa ho sakatA hai, anyathA nhiiN| vartamAna paristhitiyoM meM hamAre jIvana meM nizcaya dharma arthAt Antarika vyaktitva kI sAdhanA jAganI caahie| kore vyavahAra dharma ke kAraNa jo vikaTa vivAda, samasyAeM aura nakArAtmaka rukha muMha bAe khar3A haiM, unakA samAdhAna kevala nizcaya dharma kI ora unmukha hone se hI ho sakatA hai| nizcaya dharma ko sakArAtmaka rUpa meM DhAla kara na sirpha dharma kI, balki sampradAyoM kI bhI naI chavi kA nirmANa kiyA jA sakatA hai jo aise mAnava caritra kA gaThana karegI jisake dvArA caritra kI sudhArAtmaka zakti ko vizva stara taka prabhAvAtmaka banAI jA skegii| ___ Aja kA dhArmika jIvana ulajhA huA hai, sAmAjika jIvana vividha samasyAoM se ghirA hai, rAjanItika jIvana bhraSTatA ke tanAvoM se azAnta hai, ina aura anyAnya sabhI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna tabhI saMbhava hai jaba vyaktigata evaM samUhagata jIvana meM viSamatAoM evaM vikRtiyoM kA anta ho tathA anAsakti ke sAtha samatApUrNa vRttiyoM evaM pravRttiyoM kA samucita vikAsa ho arthAt caritra vikAsa kI zreNiyoM meM Age bar3hate hue Antarika vyaktitva kI sudRr3ha racanA kI jAe tathA bAhya vyaktitva kA AdhAra Antarika vyaktitva ko banAyA jaae| jaba zubhatA kI bhAva pradhAnatA hogI tabhI kriyAkAMDoM meM vAstavikatA rahegI, anyathA Aja ke bhAvahIna kriyAkAMDa sabako kitanI kSati pahuMcA rahe haiM, yaha sabhI ke sAmane hai| anAsakti, aparigraha athavA vItarAgatA kA dRSTikoNa vyApaka hotA hai| hama apanI vaiyaktika, sAmAjika evaM sAMpradAyika mAnyatAoM ke prati bhI Asakti na rakheM, Agraha na kareMyaha eka spaSTa dRSTikoNa hai| satya ke lie AgrahI honA eka bAta hai aura mata ke lie AgrahI honA dUsarI baat| satya kA Agraha dUsare ke satya ko ThukarAtA nahIM, balki sammAna karatA hai, jabaki mata kA Agraha dUsare ke abhimata satya ko satya hote hue bhI ThukarAtA hai, use lAMchita karatA hai| satya ke lie saMgharSa karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI, usake lie to sAdhanA karanI par3atI hai, mana ko anAgraha aura samatA se jor3anA hotA hai| kina upAyoM se DhAlI jA sakatI hai dharma-sampradAyoM kI naI chavi? :: ___ dharma kI naI chavi nikharegI to sampradAyoM kI tadanusAra chavi avazya DhalegI yA dUsare zabdoM meM yoM kaheM ki yadi sampradAyoM ke nAyaka dharma ke Antarika svarUpa ko prAthamikatA deM aura bhItara ke anusAra bAhara ko calAveM to dharma va sampradAya donoM kI chavi vyakti evaM samAja donoM ke lie kalyANakAraka bana jaaegii| 435

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sucaritram dharma caritra kI utkRSTatA hai aura adharma hai caritra kA klNk| kartavya pAlana meM dharma kA prakAzana hotA hai aura usake viparIta pApa karmoM meM adharma prakaTa hotA hai| dharmaniSTha vyakti vaha hai jise kartavyapAlana kA dRDha abhyAsa hai| jo vyakti saMkaTa ke kSaNoM meM bhI apane kartavya kA parityAga nahIM karatA. usase bar3ha kara vizva meM kauna dharmazIla ho sakatA hai? karttavya aura dharma meM paraspara jo sambandha hai vaha tArkika nhiiN| jo kartavyoM kA dRr3ha abhyAsa kara letA hai usake lie dhArmika pravRttiyAM sahaja ho jAtI hai| abhyAsa ke dvArA dhIre-dhIre pratyeka karttavya dharma meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| karttavya usa vizeSa karma kI ora saMketa karatA hai, jise manuSya ko avazya karanA caahie| karttavya karane ke satata abhyAsa se dharma kI vizuddhi bar3hatI hai| vastutaH dharma aura karttavya eka dUsare ke pUraka haiM-eka dUsare ke vighaTaka nahIM, kyoMki dharma kA karttavya meM prakAzana hotA hai aura karttavya meM dharma kI abhivyakti hotI hai| dharma ke saMbaMdha meM eka pAzcAtya vidvAn kA kathana hai-dharma manuSya ke mana kI duSpravRttiyoM aura vAsanAoM ko niyaMtrita karane evaM AtmA ke samagra zubha kA lAbha prApta karane kA eka abhyAsa hai| isa kathana kA bhI Azaya yahI hai ki dharma AtmA kI eka svAbhAvika vRtti kA nAma hai| yaha svAbhAvika vRtti paripuSTa hotI hai, karttavyaniSThA ke sAtha, ata: naI sarvahitakArI chavi dharma ko dene ke lie use karttavya ke sAtha jodd'ie| ___dharma ko kartavya ke sAtha jodd'oN| karttavyaniSThA ko dharma mAnane se mAnava meM uttaradAyitva kI vRtti evaM pravRtti vikasita hogii| dharma ko caritra ke sAtha jodd'oN| vastutaH karttavyaniSThA se utpanna uttaradAyitva kI bhAvanA manuSya ke caritra kA gaThana karatI hai-usase usake vyaktitva kA nirmANa hotA hai| caritra hai kyA? yahI ki azubhatA kI vRtti-pravRttiyoM se nikala kara zubhatA ke kSetra meM sarvabhAvena pravRtta honA arthAt apane ko azubha vicAra, vacana, vyavahAra se alaga karo, dUsaroM ko bhI alaga karane kA yatna karo tathA sva sahita para ko zubhatA ke raMga meM raMgane kA kalyANakAraka kArya kro| isase bar3ha kara dharma kA svastha . AcaraNa anya kyA ho sakatA hai? dharma aura caritra ko ekarUpa banA do apanI pratyeka gatividhi meM, phira dekhoM ki dharma kI vaha chavi kitanI prabhAvotpAdaka bana jAtI hai aura vyaktitva ko paropakAra kA kitanA bar3A mAdhyama siddha kara detI hai? dharma ko Antarika vyaktitva ke sAtha jor3oM-AdhyAtmika cetanA ke sAtha jodd'oN| isI se yathArthatA kA bodha ho skegaa| adhyAtma kI gaharAI meM jAnA sarala kArya nahIM, ataH sAmAnya jana ke lie adhyAtma kA satahI rUpa bhI kAphI lAbhadAyaka ho sakatA hai ki use AtmAnubhUti ho-vaha AtmA kI AvAja ko suna-samajha ske| vyakti meM moTe taura para hI sahI, jaba Atmabala kI sRSTi hotI hai to usakI jIvanazailI meM eka nayApana A jAtA hai jo use sabake prati saMvedanazIla banA detA hai| taba vaha sabake hita ke bAre meM socatA hai| dharma ko Atmahita evaM lokahita donoM ke sAtha jodd'oN| jo eka sAmAnya dhAraNA hai ki dharma se Atmahita hI sAdhA jA sakatA hai, vaha bhramapUrNa hai| saca yaha hai ki Atmahita se pahale dharma lokahita kA pradhAna sAdhana hai| jitane bhI dharma siddhAnta haiM, unake svastha pAlana kA tatkAla lAbha pAlanakartA ke 436

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naI sakArAtmaka chavi ubharanI cAhie dharma-sampradAyoM kI sivAya anya logoM ko hotA hai| lokahita ke kAraNa hI una siddhAntoM kI sArthakatA prakaTa hotI hai| sva kA sudhAra hogA, hita hogA to usase dUsaroM ko bhI sudhAra evaM hita kI preraNA milegI hii| dharma ko sva-para kI ekAtmakatA ke sAtha jodd'oN| mahAvIra kA yaha mukhya upadeza sUtra hai ki vyakti cintana kare-"maiM akelA nahIM huuN|" yaha dUsaroM ke astitva ko svIkAra karane kA siddhAnta hai| jo dUsare ke astitva ko asvIkAra karatA hai, vaha apane astitva ko bhI asvIkAra karatA hai| dhyAna rahe ki sva aura para-arthAt maiM aura anya donoM ke bIca jaba ekAtmakatA kI anubhUti hotI hai taba vyakti apane sukha ke lie dUsare ke sukha meM bAdhA nahIM pahuMcAtA, dUsaroM ke hitoM kA hanana nahIM karatA hai| yaha satra rAjanIti, arthanIti. samAjanIti Adi kA bhI bhalA kara sakatA hai| pra kUTanIti ke praNetA cANakya ne bhI isa sUtra para bala dete hue kahA thA-samAja meM tuma akele hI mata khAo, dUsaroM ko bhI unakA hissA do| saMvibhAga ke sUtra se hI zAyada yaha sUtra nikalA ho| - dharma ko vijJAna ke sAtha jodd'oN| dharma AdhyAtmikatA kA pratIka to vijJAna bhautikatA kA pratIka mAnA jAtA hai-isa nAte dharma ko bhautikatA ke sAtha jodd'oN| bhautikatA ke sAtha yadi dharma nahIM jur3A to bhautikatA se milane vAlI suvidhAeM tathA usase prApta hone vAle sAdhana vyakti evaM pUre vizva ke lie pralayaMkArI ho jAyeMge jaisA ki Aja kA AtaMkakArI vAtAvaraNa hai| yadi sukha-zAnti kA jIvana jInA hai to bhautikatA ke sAtha dharma rUpa ImAnadArI, naitikatA aura prAmANikatA ko jor3anA hI hogaa| isI prakAra dharma ke sAtha vijJAna ko jor3ane kA lAbha hogA ki AdhArahIna vicAraNAeM panapa nahIM pAegI, vicAra ke sAtha vyavahAra jur3egA, aMdha zraddhA ke sthAna para saccI AsthA vikasita hogI aura Adarza ke sAtha yathArtha ke jur3a jAne se vyakti evaM vizva ke kAryakalApoM meM samarUpatA aaegii| vijJAna pUrNataH yA tathyAtmaka hotA hai aura dharma bhAvanAtmaka / tathya bhAvanA ke binA aparipakva to bhAvanA tathya ke binA apuSTa hai| - dharma ko samatA ke sAtha jodd'o| yaha samatA sarvAMgINa aura sarvavyApI hogii| samatA kA sAmAjikavyAvahArika prayoga nirdeza degA ki tuma akele hI saba kucha mata kro| bhUmi para, dhana para aura sattA para tuma akele hI apanA adhikAra mata jamAo, kyoMki ina saba para dUsaroM kA bhI adhikAra hai| samatA kA jaba Atmika prayoga zurU kiyA jAyegA to yaha saba kucha spaSTa ho jaayegaa| sAmAyika ke anuSThAna ko jo samajha letA hai| jahAM sAmAyika hai, vahAM adhyAtma hai, vahAM jAti-pAMtI, sampradAya-paMtha bahuta nIce raha jAte haiM-mAnavIya samarUpatA hI samakSa meM rahatI hai| samAja ko saMgaThita banAne ke lie AvazyakatA hotI hai pavitra mana kI, mukta evaM apratibaddha vyakti kI, jo samatA se hI pUrI ho sakatI hai| samatAvAn aura apratibaddha vyakti zAnti-sAdhaka bana jAtA hai| ___ dharma ko antatogatvA mAnava jIvana ke sAtha joddo| yahI dharma kA sAdhya hai| dharma se yadi mAnava jIvana hI prabhAvita nahIM hotA to vaha dharma kI viphalatA hogI-dharma aprAsaMgika bana jAyegA, kintu dharma kadApi na aprAsaMgika hotA hai aura na hai| apekSA yahI hai ki jIvana ke sAtha sacce dharma ko jor3o-dharma ke nAma para cala rahe kaTTaravAda, vitaMDAvAda aura pAkhaMDa ko nhiiN| dharma ko thopiye matavyakti ko pratibaddha mata bnaaiye| jarUrI hai usake viveka ko, usakI AdhyAtmika cetanA ko 437

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sucaritram / jgaanaa| phira vaha svayaM parakha kara legA ki kyA satya hai aura kyA mithyA? apratibaddha mastiSka vAlA vyakti kevala pracalita dhAraNAoM para hI nahIM calatA, apitu svayaM bhI apanI AtmAnubhUti evaM sAmAjika pratIti ke AdhAra para naI svastha dhAraNAeM gar3ha bhI sakatA hai| vaha apane Atmabala se una dhAraNAoM kA upayoga bhI kara sakatA hai tathA pracalana ko lokapriya bhI banA sakatA hai| samUce mAnava jIvana ke sAtha jaba dharma jur3egA to mAnava nita prati cintana karegA ki vaha kauna hai, kahAM hai tathA usakI cetanA kisa dizA va dazA meM kArya kara rahI hai? yaha cintana use dRSTA banAyegA aura dRSTA hI sRSTA banatA hai| - kyA aise dharma aura usakA pracAra-prasAra karane vAlI sampradAyoM kI chavi vyakti se lekara vizva taka ko apanI zubha preraNAoM se anuprANita nahIM banA degI? caritrazIlatA hI dharma aura nIti para car3he maila ko dho sakegI: __ Aja taka duniyA meM jaba-jaba dharma ke asalI marma ko samajhe binA dharma ke nAma para jitanI dhIMgAmastI athavA khaMDana-maMDana, jhagar3e, vivAda, daMge-phasAda hue haiM yA ho rahe haiM, taba-taba ve bemisAla rahe haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki nAmavara dharmoM ne jor3ane kI bajAya logoM ko tor3A hI tor3A hai| vAstava meM dekheM to vaha saba dharma hI kahAM thA? dharma ke yathArtha svarUpa ke bAre meM kaI paribhASAoM kI carcA kI jA cukI hai, jinameM 'vatthu sahAvo dhammo', dhArayate iti dharmaH' Adi sammilita hai| dharma kA aMgrejI zabda rilIjana (Religion) leTina ke rilIgere (Religere) zabda se banA hai jisakA artha hai To Restrain yAnI ki saMyata honA, roknaa| ina sabhI paribhASAoM meM mAnavatA kI prApti ko hI vAstavika dharma kahA gayA hai| savAla hai ki phira bhI dharma ke nAma para itanI dhIMgAmastI kyoM? yaha hai lebala vAle dharmoM yAnI matoM, paMthoM, sampradAyoM ke kaarnn| nAmavara dharmoM ke upadezoM meM bAteM saba acchI-acchI kI jAtI hai, lekina apane-apane nAma aura prabhAva vistAra kA uddezya hI sabase Upara rahatA hai, kyoMki asaliyata dharma guruoM kI vyaktigata mahattvAkAMkSAoM ke nIce dabA dI jAtI hai| jaise / rAjanetA ko voTa baTorane ke lie ucita-anucita saba karanA par3atA hai, zAyada usase bhI adhika ucita-anucita dharmaguruoM ko apane lie aMdha zraddhAlu bhakta baTorane ke lie karanA par3atA hogaa| ataH Aja dharma ke nAma para pracalita pUre vAtAvaraNa meM AmUlacUla parivartana kI AvazyakatA hai| - dharma ke sAtha nIti jur3I huI hotI hai yAnI ki mAnavatA dharma hai to use prApta karane ke jo sAdhana haiM, unheM nIti kA nAma diyA jA sakatA hai| dharma mAnavatA kA siddhAnta hai-sAdhya hai to usa siddhAnta taka pahuMcAne kA vyAvahArika mArga batAtI hai nIti / nIti svastha ho tabhI sacce dharma taka pahuMcA jA sakatA hai| abhiprAya yaha ki manuSya apane mUla svabhAva manuSyatA ko pUrNAMza meM prApta kare-yaha dharma hai| usa dharma taka pahuMcAne vAlI nItiyAM yA naitikatA bahurUpI ho sakatI hai| ye rUpa haiM-dharma ke nAma se pahacAne jAne vAle dharma, mata, paMtha, sampradAya Adi, lokataMtra, pragatizIla vicAradhArAeM, Arthika nItiyAM aura svastha samAja nirmANa ke upAya Adi, kyoMki ina sabhI sAdhana-rUpoM kI kasauTI hai ki manuSya ke caraNa apane Dhake-dabe mAnavIya mUlyoM ko guNavattA kI camaka dene kI ora bar3ha rahe haiM yA nahIM? isI dRSTikoNa se Aja dharma tathA nIti ke mUla svarUpa para jo vikRtiyoM ke maila kI parateM car3ha 438

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naI sakArAtmaka chavi ubharanI cAhie dharma-sampradAyoM kI gaI hai, unheM dho pauMcha kara mUla svarUpa ko camakAne kA kAma pramukha hai tAki dharma ke rUpa meM mAnava kA mUla svabhAva pUrNataH prakAzita bne| __sAmAnya jana meM jame isa bhrama ko miTAnA hogA ki adhikatara loga naitikatA ko pasanda nahIM karate haiN| yaha bhraSTAcAriyoM kA duSpracAra hai| hakIkata yaha hai ki sabhI loga (mana hI mana meM bhraSTAcArI bhI) naitikatA ko cAhate haiM, para Arthika tathA sAmAjika viSamatAoM evaM dharma ke nAma para panapane vAlI vikRtiyoM ke pracalita rahane kI dazA meM naitikatA ke hara kSetra meM asaphala rahane se Ama loga avazya apanI dhAraNA se kabhI kabhI DagamagA jAte haiN| isa kAraNa isa pradUSita vAtAvaraNa ko aprabhAvI banAnA Avazyaka hai| dharma (mUla svabhAva) ko prApta karane ke prati sabakA rujhAna ho isake lie nItiyoM kA svastha honA jarUrI hai, pratyeka vRtti evaM pravRtti meM naitikatA kA samAveza honA hI caahie| parantu prazna hai ki yaha saba hogA kaise? isakA eka hI uttara denA ho to vaha yaha hogA ki saba caritra nirmANa evaM caritra vikAsa se avazya saMbhava hogaa| caritrazIlatA hI dharma aura nIti ke sAre maila ko dhokara unheM zuddha evaM zubhadAyaka banAne meM pUrNataH samartha hotI hai| caritrazIlatA panapatI hai to karttavyaniSThA paripuSTa hotI hai| karttavyaniSThA naitikatA ko prANavAna banAtI hai tathA paripakva naitikatA hI dharma kA maulika svarUpa grahaNa kara letI hai| caritrazIlatA ke morce para DaTane vAle sainikoM ke lie ye kucha sujhAva upayogI ho sakate haiM1. jIvana meM dharma yAnI ki mAnava dharma ko hI sthAna deM, sAmpradAyikatA yA kaTTaratA ko kadApi nhiiN| isase sabake sAtha sahaja samparka, saumya vyavahAra tathA vicAra-AcAra kA sAmaMjasya bana skegaa| 2. jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM-vaiyaktika, sAmAjika, rASTrIya evaM vaizvika meM vaicArika krAnti jagAveM tathA ahiMsApUrNa vidhi se Atmavat vyavahAra ko viksaaveN| 3. samagra prANiyoM ke sAtha bhAvAtmaka tathA saMvedanAmUlaka ekatA ko sarvatra prAthamikatA deN| 4. sabhI prakAra kI viSamatAoM-jAtigata, Arthika, rAjanItika, sAmAjika Adi se DaTa kara lohA ___ leM evaM mAnavIya cetanA ko ubuddha bnaaveN| 5. sarvatra Atmika cetanA kI jAgRti tathA mAnavIya mUlyoM kI rakSA ko apanA lakSya bnaaveN| 6. sabhI dRSTiyoM se manuSyakRta asamAnatA ko miTAveM tathA mAnavIya samatA ko sarvocca sthAna deN| 7. apanI caritrazIlatA kI yAtrA 'sva' se prArambha kareM aura 'para' ke sAtha sampanna, kintu 'sva' ko sadA gauNa kareM aura samaya Ave to 'sva' ko nyauchAvara kara dene se bhI hicakicAeM nhiiN| aise hI una sUtroM ko apanAnA hogA ki jisase caritra vikAsa nava mAnava dharma kA pratIka bana jaae| naI sakArAtmaka chavi mUla se ubharegI aura vahI naI vizva-saMskRti racegI : - Adhunika sabhyatA ke udayakAla se lekara aba taka mAnavIya kaSToM ke nivAraNa ke athaka prayAsa kie gae haiM jinameM vijJAna evaM takanIka kA upayoga bhI zAmila hai| lekina kyA hama 439

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sucaritram .. niHsaMkoca kaha sakate haiM ki aba taka sAdhI gaI pragati apane sacce arthoM meM vAstavika hai? kyA abhI taka hama prema, sahAnubhUti, namratA evaM laghutA kA pATha par3ha pAe haiM aura use apane caritra meM utAra pAe haiM? uttara nahIM meM hogaa| sAmAnyajana ko paramANu bama nahIM cAhie, use cAhie bhojana, AvAsa, vastra aura svastha caritra kA nirmaann| kisI ko nahIM cAhie ghaNA aura jAtIya bhedabhAva. Aja mAnava jAti ko cAhata hai prema, saMvedanA tathA vaizvika bhAIcAre kii| svArthavAditA aura tanAva ne Aja manuSya ke mana tathA jIvana kA santulana asta-vyasta kara diyA hai| loga dharma ke nAma para mArakATa macAte haiM, gharoM ko jalAte haiM aura bastiyAM ujAr3ate haiM-yaha jAnate hue bhI ki koI dharma hiMsA aura ghRNA ko nahIM maantaa| veda, sUtra, gItA, bAibila, kurAna-saba meM yahI likhA hai ki pyAra, sahakAra aura bhAIcAre kA vyavahAra sabake sAtha kiyA jAe, kintu dhUrta loga ina upadezoM meM galata artha samajhAte haiM aura logoM ko bhramita banAte haiN| yaha gatividhi baMda honI caahie| DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva mahAvIra, buddha Adi dharma pravartakoM ne logoM ke 'duHkha' kI ora sabakA dhyAna dilAyA, du:kha ke kAraNa tathA usake nivAraNa ke upAya batAe aura ahiMsA mUlaka jIvanazailI kA vikAsa kiyaa| utthAna kA mArga kahA-samyag jJAna, samyag darzana evaM samyak cAritra-yaha mahAvIra ne upadiSTa kiyA to buddha ne aSTayAmI mArga kA nirdeza kiyaa| Aja isa mArga kA anusaraNa karane kI AvazyakatA hai evaM tadanusAra hI apane caritra kA gaThana evaM vikAsa karane kI bhI AvazyakatA hai| isa prakAra ke caritra nirmANa se hI athavA aisI caritrazIlatA yA caritra sampannatA se hI dharma tathA sampradAyoM kI naI chavi ubharegI aura vizvAsa karane kI bAta hai ki isa naI chavi se hI naI vizva saMskRti kA udbhava hogA, vikAsa hogaa| naI vizva saMskRti ke nirmANa meM prAcIna saMskRtiyoM ke anubhavajanya guNoM kA samAveza karanA hogA jinameM AtmAnuzAsana, satyazIlatA evaM saMvedanazIlatA mukhya hoNge| zikSA praNAlI meM buniyAdI badalAva lAnA hogA aura buniyAdI siddhAnta hoMge, jIvana meM AdhyAtmikatA evaM naitikatA kI. mUlyavattA, satyavAditA evaM ucca koTi kA caritra nirmaann| caritra nirmANa kA suprabhAva yaha hogA ki vidyArthI se gRhastha banA vyakti indriyajanya vAsanAoM ke pIche nahIM bhAgegA aura dainika jIvana meM hiMsA tathA aparAdha ne jo ghara banA liyA hai, use nahIM Tikane degaa| naI vizva saMskRti meM kevala AdhyAtmikatA kI sarAhanA se kAma nahIM calegA, use AtmasAt karanI hogii| vaha pratyeka nAgarika ke AcaraNa meM parilakSita hogii| vizva kI naI saMskRti tabhI racI jAegI jaba pratyeka nAgarika kA nayA caritra DhalegA, jo svayaM se prArambha hokara vizva ke kone-kone taka pahuMcegA aura naI saMskRti kA abhinna aMka bana jaaegaa| isa saMdarbha meM caritra saMghaTakoM ke lie yaha saMdeza hai ki pahale svayaM caritrazIla bano, phira caritra gaThana ko apane agale sAthI kA zrRMgAra banAte hue Adarza parivAra, samAja evaM vizva taka ke nava nirmANa meM juTa jAo ki eka dina vizva ke samasta nAgarika vivekazIla, ImAnadAra aura guNavAn bana jaae| eka buniyAdI hakIkata bhI sadaiva dhyAna meM rahanI cAhie ki vyakti hI samUha ko jagAegA, jaga kara samUha anya vyaktiyoM ke lie sugama dharAlata banAegA jisa para calane vAle vyaktiyoM kI maMjila 440

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naI sakArAtmaka chavi ubharanI cAhie dharma-sampradAyoM kI AsAna bana jAegI arthAt vyakti kA jAgRta honA aura kAryakSamatA dikhAnA, sabase pahale jarUrI hotA hai / yaha sAmarthya vyakti ke caritra nirmANa tathA vikAsa se hI prApta ho sakegA / yoM samagra vizva kI dhurI vyakti ke kandhoM para hI TikI huI hai- eka bAra yaha kaha diyA jAe to atizayokti nahIM hogii| vyakti kI mahattA ko sabhI dharmagranthoM ne bhI suspaSTa kiyA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki vyakti arthAt usakI AtmA hI svayaM kI mitra bhI hai aura zatru bhI hai - sanmArgagAmI bane to mitra hai aura unmArgagAmI bane to zatru / yaha AtmA apane lie sukha aura duHkha kA karttA bhI hai aura vikarttA bhI hai (appA mittamamittaM ca, duppaTThiya supaTThiyoH appA kattA vikattA ya, duhANa ya suhANa ya-20/ 37 ) / vyakti jaba apanA mitra banatA hai to apanA sanmArgagAmI caritra banAtA hai aura usa sanmArga para parivAra, samAja, rASTra aura vizva ko calane ke lie prerita karatA hai| aise caritra kA nirmANa vyakti ke lie dharma bana jAtA hai| gItA meM bhI aise hI vicAra vyakta kie gae haiM-"vyakti ko apane hI yathArtha kI khoja karanI cAhie, apane Apako lAMchita nahIM karanA cAhie, kyoMki usakI antarAtmA hI usakI eka mAtra mitra hai, anyathA vahI usakI eka mAtra zatru hai| eka vyakti apanI antarAtmA ko mitra tabhI mAna sakatA hai jaba usane usa para vijaya prApta kara lI, kintu yadi vaha apanI hI vAstavikatA ko asvIkAra karatA hai to apane hI viruddha yuddha cher3a detA hai|" kurAna meM bhI isI satya ko samarthana milA hai - " nizAnebAjI ke abhyAsa meM nizAne ke bindu ke samAna hI vyakti ke jIvana meM naitikatA kI jagaha hotI hai| jaba nizAnebAja nizAne ke bindu ko cUka jAtA hai to vaha mur3a kara apane hI bhItara apanI nAkAmayAbI kI vajaha DhUMDhatA hai / usI taraha vyakti ko bhI jIvana kI pratyeka asaphalatA ke lie apane hI bhItara jhAMkanA caahie|" (TAimsa oNpha iMDiyA, sekreDa spesa) / dharma, saMskRti, caritra- ye saba eka hI vastu viSaya ke pahalU haiM- eka meM dUsare kA samAveza hai| jaba manuSya hI apanI caritrahInatA se athavA adharma aura apasaMskRti se svayaM ke aura samUhoM ke jIvana ko vikRta, viSapUrNa evaM saMkaTamaya banA detA hai taba use phira se isI tripuTI kI zaraNa meM jAnA hotA hai| inakI zuddha chavi vahI rahatI hai, vyakti ko hI apanI dRSTi meM nayApana lAnA hotA hai aura vahI usake lie naI chavi bana jAtI hai| 441

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. mAnava sabhyatA ke vikAsa kI kahAnI isI trikoNa para TikI hai caritra, dharma aura vijJAna kA trikoNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM anAthI nAma ke eka muni ho gae haiN| ve apane ghara meM vipula, vaibhava aura aizvarya sampanna vyakti the| vizAla vaibhava, mAtA-pitA kA komala sneha, patnI kA ananya prema-ina sabako ThukarA kara unhoMne sAdhanA kA mArga svIkAra kiyA aura rAjagRha ke zaila zikharoM kI chAyA meM, lahalahAte vana pradeza meM jAkara sajIva caTTAna kI taraha sAdhanA meM sthira hokara khar3e ho ge| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne unake antara meM tyAga aura sAdhanA ke divya saundarya ko dekhaa| kintu jaba rAjA zreNika ne unheM dekhA to usakA dRSTikoNa unake bAhya rUpa evaM yauvana ke saundarya para hI aTakA raha gayA aura usI para mugdha ho gyaa| zreNika ke mana meM vicAra AyA ki yaha yuvaka sAdhanA ke mArga para kyoM AyA hai? usane yuvaka muni se sAdhu banane kA kAraNa pUchA to unhoMne namra bhAva se uttara diyA-"maiM anAtha huuN| merA koI sahArA nahIM thA, isalie muni bana gyaa|" zreNika ne isa uttara ko apane dRSTikoNa se nApA ki yuvaka garIba hogA, ataeva abhAvoM aura kaSToM se pratAr3ita hokara gRhastha jIvana se bhAga AyA hai| rAjA ke mana meM eka 442

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mAnava sabhyatA ke vikAsa kI kahAnI isI trikoNa para TikI hai MSCRIGAME

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mAnava sabhyatA ke vikAsa kI kahAnI isI trikoNa para TikI hai siharana huI ki na jAne isa prakAra kitane hI honahAra yuvaka abhAvoM se grasta hokara sAdhu bana jAte haiM aura ye ubharatI taruNAiyAM, jinameM jIvana kA bhaviSya ujjvala ho sakatA hai, yoM hI barbAda ho jAtI hai| zreNika ina vicAroM kI udher3abuna meM kucha dera khoyA-khoyA sA rahA aura phira yuvaka kI AMkhoM meM jhAMkatA haA-sA bolA-'yadi tama anAtha ho aura tamhArA koI sahArA nahIM hai to maiM tamhArA nAtha banane ko prastuta huuN|' isa para usa yuvaka sAdhaka ne, jisako sAdhana ke anaMta sAgara kI kucha bUMdoM kA hI rasa-svAda prApta huA thA, bar3e ojasvI aura nirbhaya zabdoM meM kahA-"tuma to svayaM anAtha ho, phira merA nAtha banane kI bAta kaise kara sakate ho? jo svayaM anAtha ho, bhalA vaha dUsaroM ke jIvana kA nAtha kisa prakAra ho sakatA hai?" . yuvaka sAdhaka ne yaha bahuta bar3I bAta kahI thii| yaha bAta kevala jihvA se nahIM, antarhadaya se kahI gaI thii| unake zabda antara se uTha kara A rahe the, tabhI ve itane vajanadAra aura itane sacce the| rAjA zreNika ke jJAna cakSu para phira bhI pardA par3A rhaa| usane socA, zAyada yuvaka ko mere aizvarya aura vaibhava kA patA nahIM hai| ataH thor3A Atma-paricaya de denA caahie| rAjA ne kahA-'mujhe jAnate ho, maiM koI sAdhAraNa AdamI nahIM hUM-maiM magadha kA samrATa huuN| merA vizAla vaibhava evaM apAra aizvarya magadha ke kaNa-kaNa meM bola rahA hai|' isake uttara meM yuvaka muni (anAthI) ne kahA-'tuma mere bhAva ko nahIM samajhe, merI bhASA bhI nahIM smjhe| zabdoM ke cakkara meM ulajha kara unakI AtmA se bahuta dUra cale ge| tuma to magadha ke hI samrATa ho, kintu cakravartI aura indra bhI anAtha haiN| ve bhI viSaya-vAsanA, bhogavilAsa aura aizvarya ke dAsa haiN| tuma bhI saMsAra ke inhIM dAsoM meM se eka ho| tuma apanI indriya, mana aura icchAoM ke izAre para, krIta dAsa kI taraha nAca hI rahe ho, to phira dUsaroM ke nAtha kisa prakAra bana sakate ho? jo svayaM apane vikAroM ke samakSa daba jAtA hai, apane AvegoM ke samakSa hAra jAtA hai, vaha kisa prakAra dUsaroM para zAsana kara sakatA hai? jaba tuma apane mana kI gulAmI se bhI chUTakArA nahIM pA sakate ho to saMsAra ke ina tuccha vaibhava aura aizvaryoM kI bAta karate ho, jinake bharose tuma dUsaroM ke nAtha bananA cAhate ho?' - anAthI mani aura rAjA zreNika kA yaha saMvAda jIvana-vijaya kA saMvAda hai| yaha saMdeza sAdhanA kI usa sthiti para pahuMcAtA hai, jahAM bhakta ko bhagavAn ke pIche daur3ane kI jarUrata nahIM rahatI, balki jahAM vaha hotA hai, vahIM para bhagavAn utara Ate haiN| anAthI muni kI vANI meM vahI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI divya AtmA bola rahI thii| unhoMne jo saMdeza zreNika ko diyA, vaha unakA apanA nahIM, mahAvIra kA hI saMdeza thaa| mahAvIra kI AtmA svayaM usake antara meM jAgRta ho rahI thii| jIvana kA lakSya aura dharma kA saMskAra to aisA hI honA cAhie ki bhagavAn kI jyoti aura prakAza sAdhaka ke aMga-aMga meM prakAzita hone laga jaae| usake saMskAroM kA konA-konA usI prakAza se Alokita hone laga jaae| kisI zAyara ne aisI hI carama dazA kA citra upasthita karate hue kahA hai-"zahare tana ke sAre darvAjoM pe ho gara rozanI, to samajhanA cAhie ki vahAM hukUmata ilma kii|" isa zarIra rUpI zahara ke hara galI kUce aura daravAjoM para yadi rozanI ho, usakA konA-konA jagamagAtA ho to samajhanA cAhie ki usa zarIra rUpI zahara para AtmA kA zAsana cala rahA hai| vahAM kA 443

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sucaritram 444 svAmI svayaM ghara meM hai aura vaha pUre hoza meM hai| usa zahara para koI hamalA nahIM kara sakatA aura na hI koI dUsarA usakA nAtha bana sakatA 1 isa prakAra hamAre jIvana meM dharma kA srota pratikSaNa aura pada-pada para bahatA rahanA cAhie, jisase ki Ananda, ullAsa aura mastI kA vAtAvaraNa banA rhe| jIvana meM dharma kA sAmaMjasya hone ke bAda sAdhaka ko anyatra kahIM dUra jAne kI jarUrata nahIM / mukti ke lie bhI kahIM dUra jAnA nahIM hai, apitu andara kI paratoM ko bheda kara andara meM hI use pAnA hai ( cintana kI manobhUmi dvArA upAdhyAya zrI amara muni jI, pRSTha 275-277) / nAthI muni kI caritra sampannatA advitIya thI, kyoMki vaha sacce dharma para AdhArita thii| sacce dharma meM vijJAna aura vikAsa samAviSTa the| usa samaya dharma kA jo vivecana hotA thA, vaha vaijJAnika hotA thA usameM mithyA yA avizvasanIya tattva kadApi sammilita nahIM hotA thA / Aja bhI caritra sampannatA prApta karane kI prakriyA badalI nahIM hai, use pUrNatA evaM paripakvatA ke lie dharma, vijJAna va vikAsa ke trikoNa se hI gujaranA hogaa| caritra nirmANa se caritra sampannatA taka kI satata yAtrA : caritra nirmANa se caritra sampannatA kI satata yAtrA ko mahAyAtrA kA nAma diyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki isakA phala vilakSaNa hotA hai / caritra sampannatA kI avasthA meM samAja aura saMsAra meM aisI camatkArI sthiti utpanna ho sakatI hai, jaba saba hI svAmitva ke dhanI hoMge aura dAsatva kahIM para dikhAI nahIM degaa| isakA artha yaha hai ki sabhI anAthI muni kI saMyama saphalatA ke anurUpa svayaM ke svAmI yA nAtha bana jAeMge, parantu aisA hone para bhI dAsa yA anAtha kahIM bhI koI nahIM rhegaa| isa phala ko vilakSaNa hI mAnanA hogA ) vyakti se lekara vizva taka ke stara para mAnavIya mAnadaNDoM se paripUrNa vyavasthA ko sthApanA hetu mUla rUpa meM caritra kI apekSA rahatI hai to vikAsa ke agrima caraNoM meM bhI caritra ke unnata svarUpa kA vistAra anivArya kahA jaaegaa| caritra mUla meM bhI cAhie to zikhara taka bhI caahie| cAritrika guNoM kI upalabdhi jitane parimANa aura ghanatva meM hotI jAegI, tadanusAra vyakti vikAsa ke sAtha vizva sarva AyAmI vikAsa bhI saphala hotA jaaegaa| caritra nirmANa se lekara caritra sampannatA taka kI yAtrA apanI saphalatA ke sAtha mAnava jIvana kI utkRSTatA kI paricAyikA hotI hai| manuSya parivAra tathA samAja ke bIca meM rahatA hai aura isa kAraNa ina kSetroM kI jimmedAriyoM ko nibAhane se vaha apanA muMha nahIM mor3a sakatA hai| Apa yadi soce ki parivAra ke lie kitanA pApa karanA par3atA hai, yaha bandhana hai, bhAgo isase, ise chor3o-to kyA kAma cala sakatA hai aura chor3a kara bhAga bhI calo to kahAM? vanoM aura jaMgaloM meM bhAgane vAlA kyA niSkarma raha sakatA hai? gaMgA meM samAdhi lekara kyA pApa aura bandhana se mukta huA jA sakatA hai? socie, aisA kaunasA sthAna hai, kaunasA sAdhana hai, jahAM Apa niSkarma raha kara jI sakate haiM? vastutaH niSkarma arthAt kriyAzUnyatA jIvana kA samAdhAna nahIM hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa prazna para samAdhAna diyA hai - niSkarma rahanA jIvana kA dhairya

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mAnava sabhyatA ke vikAsa kI kahAnI isI trikoNa para TikI hai nahIM hai| jIvana hai to kucha na kucha karma bhI hai| kevala karma hI jIvana kA zreya nahIM, kintu karma karake akarma rahanA, karma karake karma kI bhAvanA se alipta rahanA-yaha jIvana kA mArga hai| bAhara meM karma aura bhItara meM akarma-yaha jIvana kI kalA hai| karma to jIvana meM kSaNa-kSaNa hotA rahatA hai| gItA meM karmayogI kRSNa kI vANI hai, koI bhI kSaNa bhara ke lie bhI akarma hokara nahIM baiThatA hai (na hi kazcit kSaNa- mapi, jAtu tisstthtykrmkRt)| prazna hai ki kisa stara para kyA karma kiyA jAve? ___ yahAM caritra nirmANa evaM caritra sampannatA kA prasaMga cala rahA hai| caritra nirmANa kI pahalI zarta yaha hai ki Apa apane vividha vikAroM se dhIre-dhIre hI sahI, mukta hone kA satkarma karate rhe| yaha satkarma hI caritra nirmANa ke dharAtala ko puSTa banAtA huA Age taka le jaaegaa| vikAra mukhyatayA do sthUla bhAgoM meM bAMTe jA sakate haiM-eka viSaya arthAt kAma, kAmanAeM, vAsanAeM Adi tathA dUsarA kaSAya arthAt kASayika vRttiyAM jaise krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi / kAmanAoM evaM icchAoM ko jIta lenA prAthamika kArya hotA hai| vAsanAoM ko jItane kA artha hai viSaya ko jIta lenA aura isase vikAravijaya kA mArga niSkaMTaka ho jAtA hai| kAma to jItA, kAmanAoM ko jItA to phira kaSAyoM para vijaya duSkara nahIM rahatI hai| tathApi krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ke vikAroM kI tAkata kama nahIM hotI, jo manuSya ko apane jIvana meM pIche kI ora khader3atI rahatI hai| __Aie, sabase pahale krodha vikAra kI vistRta carcA kreN| krodha ko jIvana kI sabase bar3I parAjaya ke rUpa meM dekhA gayA hai| vidvAnoM kI sabhA meM carcA calI ki saMsAra meM viSa kyA hai (visaM kim )? sabhAsadoM ne alaga-alaga uttara die| kisI ne saMkhiyA ko to kisI ne tAlapuTa jahara ko aura kisI ne aphIma ko to kisI ne anya padArtha ko viSa btaayaa| taba eka manISI santa ne ukta prazna kA uttara diyA-krodha viSa hai (koho visN)| eka kavi muktaka meM batAtA hai "bicchU kA jahara aMga ko tilamilA detA hai| sarpa kA jahara umra ke vRkSa ko hilA detA hai| auroM ke jahara ke nukasAna kI to sImA hai, magara AdamI kA jahara saMsAra ko jalA detA hai|" krodha AtmA ko Urdhva gati se girA kara adhogati meM paTaka detA hai| krodha prIti evaM pratIti kA vinAza karatA hai (koho pII pnnaasei)| bhakta sUradAsa kahate haiM-"sUradAsa khala kArI kAmarI, caDhe na dUjo raMga"-yAnI jaise kAlI kajarArI cAdara para dUsarA koI bhI raMga nahIM car3ha sakatA hai, vaise hA krodha yukta AtmA para caritra kA dhavala raMga nahIM car3ha sakatA hai| eka saccAI yaha hai ki sADhe nau ghaMToM ke parizrama se vyakti ko jitanI zArIrika thakAna nahIM AtI, usase adhika thakAna pandraha minaTa ke krodha meM ho jAtI hai tathA usase bhI adhika thakAna mAnasika hotI hai so alg| krodha se zArIrika, mAnasika, Atmika Adi sabhI zaktiyAM kSINa hotI rahatI hai| krodha kI tIna zreNiyAM batAI gaI haiM-1. jaghanya, 2. madhyama evaM 3. utkRsstt| uttama puruSoM ko krodha AtA nahIM, kabhI A jAe to jala meM khiMcI rekhA ke samAna hotA hai-Age pATa, pIche spaatt| madhyama puruSoM ko kabhI-kabhI krodha AtA rahatA hai aura alpa samaya ke antarAla meM samApta ho jAtA 445

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sucaritram hai| yaha krodha tAlAba meM pAnI sUkhane se miTTI meM par3I darAra ke samAna hotA hai jo varSA ke hote hI miTa jAtI hai| jaghanya zreNI kA krodha to parvata ke bIca par3I caTTAnoM kI darAra kI taraha hotA hai jo darAra prayatna karane para bhI varSoM taka nahIM pATI jA sakatI hai| jaghanya krodha jIvana bhara taka banA rahatA hai| yaha krodha nikRSTa gatiyoM meM bhramaNa karAtA hai| eka sUkti hai-krodha anarthoM kA mUla hai, saMsAra kI paramparA ko bar3hAne vAlA hai, dhArmikatA ko kSata-vikSata karane vAlA hai, ataH krodha tyAga denA cAhie (krodho mUlamanarthAnAM, krodhaH sNsaarvrdhnm| dharma kSayakaraH krodhaH, tasmAt krodhaM vivarjayet ) / AgamoM meM krodha kI utpatti ke kAraNa batAe gae haiM1. kSetra - kisI sthAna vizeSa para pahuMcane se utpanna hone vAlA krodh| . 2. vastu - jar3a cetana kisI vastu vizeSa ko dekha kara utpanna huA krodh| 3. zarIra - apane athavA parAyoM ke zarIroM kI nyUnAdhikatA yA kutsita AkRtiyAM dekha kara paidA hone vAlA krodh| 4. upadhi - upakaraNoM ke mAdhyama se utpanna hone vAlA krodh| kahA gayA hai-'krodha hi zatru prathamo narANAm' arthAt krodha manuSyoM kA pahalA zatru hai, kyoMki yaha tana ko tapAtA hai, mana ko satAtA hai, rakta-mAMsa ko sukhAtA hai, sAre sadguNoM ko naSTa karatA hai aura yaha sAtha hI AtmabhAna ko bhulAtA hai| krodha, eka aisA tUphAna hai jisake prabala vega meM pitAputra, bhAI-bhAI, mAtA-putrI, sAsa-bahU, pati-patnI aura guru-ziSya ke AtmIya sambandha bhI havA meM ur3a jAte haiN| sahaja va svAbhAvika prema dveSa aura vidveSa meM badala jAtA hai| krodha kI niSpattiyAM haiM-1. samasta samasyAoM kA Agamana-dvAra, 2. eka dUsare para AkramaNa, 3. adhikAroM kA apaharaNa, 4. vizvAsa va prema kA hrAsa aura sarvanAza, 5. sAmAjika va dhArmika kSetroM meM ApAdhApI, 6. ghRNA, dveSa, vaimanasya, chala-chadmoM kI Aga, 7. mana, buddhi, nirNaya zakti, kArya kSamatA kI kuMThA, 8. zArIrika va . mAnasika asantulana, 9. bhaya, udvega, tanAva va vyAdhiyoM kA sarjaka, 10. sampUrNa viveka vikalatA kA udgama sthala, 11. janma-janmAntara taka calane vAlI vaira paramparA kA viSa bIja, 12. jIvana kI sundaratA, sukumAratA, saumyatA, saralatA va svasthatA para kuThArAghAta, 13. bhASA saMyama, vicAra saMyama aura vyavahAra saMyama kA anta aadi| krodha ko jItane ke kucha upAya-1. krodha ko upazama bhAva se jIteM (uvasameNa haNe kohN)| 2. choTA sA hai eka upAya-eka mauna saba duHkha hare, nahIM bole to gussA mre| .3. prabala krodha ke roga ko hara sakatA haiM kauna? usakA eka ilAz2a hai-mana meM rakhanA mauna / yA gusse se bar3hakara kauna hai, insAna kA duzmana-hai zAna kA, rutabe kA aura ImAna kA dushmn| .... 4. krodha ko kSamA se jiiteN| kSamA rUpI zastra jisake hAtha meM hai, krodha usakA kyA bigAr3a sakatA hai (kSamA khaDgaM kare yasya, kiM kariSyati krodhH)| ____5. vaira se vaira kabhI zAnta nahIM hotA ataH krodha chor3e, vaira hone hI na deN| 446

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mAnava sabhyatA ke vikAsa kI kahAnI isI trikoNa para TikI hai 6. eka muktaka-"krodha svarga ko bhI naraka banA detA hai, . krodha khuziyoM ko bhI Aga lagA detA hai| .. . . .. itihAsa sAkSI hai, isa bAta kA abhaya, . .. krodha upavana ko bhI vIrAna banA detA hai|" krodha ke bAda krama hai mAna, mAyA tathA lobha kA ___ ziSyoM kI goSThI meM carcA cala rahI thI ki naraka meM kauna jAtA hai? guru ne ziSyoM se pUchA kiyaha prazna kauna pUcha rahA hai? eka ziSya ne khaa-maiN| guru turanta bole-basa yahI 'maiM' naraka meM jAtA hai| 'maiM' hI naraka hai aura 'maiM' hI naraka meM le jAne vAlA hai| choTA sA va sundara sA spaSTa samAdhAna sunakara sAre ziSyoM ko samyak bodha ho gyaa| sthAnAMga sUtra meM ahaMkAra ko madasthAna kahA hai aura isake ATha prakAra batAye haiM-1. jAti, 2. kula, 3. bala, 4. rUpa, 5. tapa, 6. zruta, 7. lAbha aura 8. aizvarya mada (aTThahiM maya TThANehiM paNNattetaMjahA, jAimae, kulamae, balamae, rUvamae, tavamae, suyamae, lAbhamae, isarie me)| ina AThoM madasthAnoM kA svarUpa vicAraNIya hai| jAti manuSya mAtra kI eka hai (manuSyajAtirekeva), phira bhI choTe-choTe Tukar3oM para abhimAna karanA ki maiM UMcI jAti kA hUM aura vaha nIcI jAti kA hai-yaha nindanIya hai| isI prakAra kula, bala, rUpa, lAbha aura aizvarya kA ghamaMDa karanA bhI ajJAna hai kyoMki ye saba saMkucita dRSTi vAle tathA nAzavAna sthAna haiN| yahAM taka ki tapasyA aura jJAna ke lie bhI ahaMkAra karanA AtmaghAtI mAnA gayA hai| mAyA aura lobha kA cakra bhI kisI kucakra se kama nhiiN| kapaTa aura lAlaca ke bhaMvara meM jo phaMsa gayA, usakA vahAM se nikala pAnA atyanta kaThina hotA hai| aisA vyaktitva kaunasA kukarma na kara baiThe, isakI koI sImA nhiiN| caritra nirmANa kA mArga vahIM se zurU hotA hai, jahAM se viSaya evaM kaSAya ke vikAroM ko ghaTAne-miTAne kA krama AraMbha hotA hai aura ina vikAroM se pUrNa mukti se prApta hotI hai caritra smpnntaa| yaha satata yAtrA kisI bhI manuSya ke jIvana sudhAra kI pramukha yAtrA hotI hai jo use caritrazIlatA ke uccatara AyAmoM kI ora agrasara banAtI rahatI hai| dharma aura vijJAna kI majabUriyAM miTAne kA vakta A gayA hai :- vijJAna ke kSetra meM ho rahe nita naye anusaMdhAnoM evaM AviSkAroM ne isa vizva ko jAnane aura samajhane kI dizA meM eka mahattvapUrNa parivartana lA diyA hai| nita prati yaha pratIti dRr3ha hotI jA rahI hai ki vijJAna isa vizva kI naI-naI paratoM kA udghATana karatA hai| isa dRSTikoNa ne dharma aura vijJAna ko Amane-sAmane khar3A kara diyA hai| vAstava meM aisA lagatA hai ki vijJAna ne buddhimattA ke najarie se dharma ko atArkika yA mithyA-sA banA diyA hai| kaI yaha bhI mahasUsa karate haiM ki vijJAna Izvara ke astitva ko pare haTA detA hai| dUsare loga yaha socate haiM ki vikAsavAda kI vicAradhArA Izvara dvAsa sRSTi racanA tathA saMcAlana ke pUre vizvAsa ko hI khaMDita kara detI hai| ' to prazna yaha uThatA hai ki kyA daraasala dharma vijJAna ke viruddha hai? isakA uttara jAnane ke lie vibhinna koNoM se dharma aura vijJAna ke saMbaMdhoM kA vizleSaNa upayukta rhegaa| yoM dharma aura vijJAna ke 447

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sucaritram bIca saMbaMdha kA nirNaya isa tathya para kiyA jAnA cAhie ki koI vyakti apane jIvana ke tathyaparaka anubhava se donoM ke bIca ke saMbaMdha ko kisa rUpa meM AMkatA hai| vaise eka amerikana dharmavettA prophesara je.epha haoNTa ne dharma aura vijJAna ke saMbaMdhoM ko cAra koNoM se dekhane, samajhane aura nirNaya lene ke bAre meM apane vicAra rakhe haiN| pahalA koNa vizvAsa kA hai ki dharma aura vijJAna mUla rUpa se hI paraspara meM virodhI hai| kaI vijJAnavettA bhI yaha mAnate haiM ki dharma ko vijJAna ke anukUla kabhI bhI nahIM banAyA jA sakegA, kyoMki vijJAna ke samAna dharma kabhI bhI apane siddhAntoM ko spaSTa rIti se pramANita nahIM kara skegaa| vijJAna hamezA apane prastAvoM tathA vicAroM ko anubhava ke AdhAra para jAMcatA hai, jabaki dharma ke vicAra niSpakSa sAkSya ke mAdhyama se prayogAtmaka rUpa se pramANita nahIM kie jA sakate haiN| Aja bhI apane Apako Astika mAnane tathA Izvara dvArA sRSTi racanA meM vizvAsa rakhane vAle grahanakSatra, bhautikI aura jaivikI ke kSetra meM prApta vaijJAnika upalabdhiyoM ko mAnane se inkAra karate haiN| aba dharma va vijJAna ke saMbaMdhoM ko dekhane kA dUsarA koNa hai tulnaatmk| ve vaijJAnika aura dhArmika puruSa jo dharma tathA vijJAna ke bIca virodha ko nahIM mAnate, tarka dete haiM ki apane-apane spaSTa rUpa se paribhASita kSetroM meM dharma aura vijJAna donoM sahI hai| vijJAna ke staroM ke anusAra dharma kA mUlyAMkana apane-apane kArya kI dRSTi se hotA hai| vijJAna prAkRtika jagat kA parIkSaNa karatA hai to dharma usase bahuta Upara aMtima satya kI khoja karatA hai| vijJAna prakRti meM padArthoM kA ghaTanAkrama kyA hotA hai-isa para vicAra karatA hai to dharma pratyeka astitva para gaharAI se socatA hai| vijJAna kA mukhya dhyAna kAraNoM para to dharma kA mukhya dhyAna pariNAmoM para rahatA hai| tIsarA koNa hai jIvanta samparka kA ki dharma aura vijJAna ke saMbaMdhoM ko tadanusAra samajhA jaae| yaha koNa donoM ke bIca sArthaka samparka evaM carcA kA pakSapAtI hai| yaha cAhatA hai ki jJAna ke sabhI kSetroM meM zodha aura sahayoga se zAzvata mAnavIya jijJAsA ko sadaiva protsAhana diyA jAnA caahie| jIvanta samparka ke samarthakoM kA vizvAsa hai ki vaijJAnika jAnakAriyoM se dhArmika zraddhA ko atizaya vistAra milatA hai evaM zraddhA jAgarUka va sazakta banatI hai| isI prakAra dhArmika siddhAnta vaijJAnika prayogoM ko sambala pradAna kara sakate haiN| isa samparka meM Izvara ke astitva ko vaijJAnika dRSTi se pramANita karane ke tarka para jyAdA jora nahIM diyA jAtA hai tAki ApasI vivAda bar3he nhiiN| yaha koNa cAhatA hai ki vaijJAnika anusaMdhAnoM kA dhArmika mahattva pratipAdita kiyA jaae| mAnava caritra ke nirmANa meM antataH dharma aura vijJAna donoM kI bhUmikAeM haiM aura donoM kA yogadAna apekSita rahatA hai| jaise Aja ke vAstavika saMsAra kA svarUpa samajhane ke lie mastiSka kArya karatA hai, usI rUpa meM dharma aura vijJAna kA pArasparika sambandha mAnanA cAhie tathA manuSya ke kRtitva kA kahIM bhI vismaraNa nahIM honA caahie| cauthA koNa hai pramANIkaraNa kaa| jIvanta samparka se yaha Age kA koNa hai| isa koNa ke samarthaka mAnate haiM ki dharma ko samUce vaijJAnika upakrama kA sahAyaka honA caahie| saca meM dharma kI isa mAnyatA ne ki yaha vizva eka maryAdita, sambaddha tathA vyavasthita ghaTaka hai-vijJAna kI jJAna-pipAsA ko jAgRta banAe rakhA hai| yathArtha meM vijJAna isI pUrva vizvAsa para apanI jar3eM jamAtA hai ki yaha vizva samagra vastuoM kI nyAyapUrNa vyavasthA para TikA hai aura mAnava mastiSka usakI sampUrNa rUparekhA kA jJAna karane meM samartha hai| 448

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mAnava sabhyatA ke vikAsa kI kahAnI isI trikoNa para TikI hai vyakti svataMtratApUrvaka cAroM koNoM ko bhalI prakAra samajha kara dharma evaM vijJAna ke sambandhoM para apanA vicAra sthira kara sakatA hai| dharma kA astitva hI isa mAnyatA para nirbhara hai ki vizva eka vyavasthApUrNa ghaTaka hai aura isa vizvAsa ke kAraNa hI jaba anyAyapUrNa ghaTanAeM ghaTatI haiM to sAmAnyajana taka kA dharma ke prati vizvAsa DagamagA jAtA hai| dharma kA mukhya kAma hai isa vizvAsa ko banAe rkhnaa| dUsarI ora vijJAna kA astitva jAnane kI mUla icchA tathA prabala jijJAsA para TikA hai| saca to yaha hai ki yadi dharma ko nyAyapUrNa vizva vyavasthA ke vizvAsa kA pratIka mAna liyA jAe to vaha vijJAna ke kArya ko rokegA nahIM, apitu bharapUra protsAhana bhI degaa| dharma-vijJAna ke saMbaMdhoM se saMbaMdhita isa vizleSaNa se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki dharma aura vijJAna ke donoM kSetroM meM pracalita rUDha dhAraNAeM donoM ke samAgama kI bAdhaka banI huI hai aura ye hI dharma aura vijJAna kI apanI-apanI majabUriyAM haiM, jinheM miTA dene kA aba vakta A gayA hai| ye majabUriyAM samaya kI kasauTI para kharI nahIM utarI hai aura inakA lAbha uThAne vAlA bhI eka nihita svArthI varga hai jise dharma aura vijJAna se bhI Upara apanI hI svArthapUrti kI cintA rahatI hai| isa kAraNa aba taka dharma aura vijJAna donoM kA jitanA lAbha janatA ko milanA cAhie thA, vaha nahIM mila pAyA hai| aba usase vaMcita rahanA ucita nhiiN| aba bAta socanI hogI dhArmika vijJAna evaM vaijJAnika dharma kI : dhArmika vijJAna tathA vaijJAnika dharma kA maulika artha yahI mAnA jAe ki dharma aura vijJAna ke bIca sambandha itane pragAr3ha tathA prAbhAvika bane jo dharma ko aMdhazraddhAoM ke aMdhere kueM se nikAla kara jJAna kI prabhA se ojamaya banAve to vijJAna para dharma kI sarvahitaiSitA, pavitratA evaM zubhatA kA niyaMtraNa sthApita kiyA jaae| dharma aura vijJAna paraspara virodhI to haiM hI nahIM, parantu donoM ko ghaniSTha rUpa se paraspara pUraka banAyA jaae| mAnava caritra ke vikAsa evaM jIvana ke abhyudaya ke lie zuddha dharma bhI cAhie aura hitakArI vijJAna bhii| eka ke bhI abhAva meM jIvana meM vAMchita pUrNatA prApta karanA duSkara hogaa| . saMgaThita matavAda tathA pUMjIvAda ke kuprabhAva se Aja dharma ke kSetra meM bhale aneka vikRtiyAM A ghusI hoM, kintu dharma kI upayogitA zAzvata hai| mAnava hRdaya ko aura usakI bhAvanAoM ko sahI poSaNa sacce dharma se hI mila sakatA hai| apane jaise astitva vAle vyakti yA padArtha ke sAtha hama samajha yA buddhi kA sambandha biThA kara vyavahAra calA lete haiM, lekina bhItara meM kucha adhika pAne kI bhUkha banI rahatI hai| vaha bhUkha nizcita rUpa se hai aura usa para tarka ucita nhiiN| vyavahAra jisa buddhi kI zakti se calatA hai, usakA utsa mUla kI isa bhAvAtmaka bhUmikA se abhinna hai| dharma isI bhAvAtmaka bhUmikA ke tala kI anubhUti kA nAma hai| yaha anumAna satya jaisA lagatA hai ki jaba manuSya Aja kI tIvra gati kI tathAkathita pragati se Uba jAegA, taba vaha dharma kI saMbhAvanAoM kI ora hI mudd'egaa| Aja gaharAI se jhAMke to vartamAna samAja ke sabhya stara ke nIce eka pUrI kI pUrI duniyA apanI alaga jindagI jItI hai aura jisakA DhAMcA pUrI taraha se naraka jaisA hai| yaha aparAdhoM kI 449

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sucaritram duniyA hai jise 'aMDaravarlDa' kahA jAtA hai| yaha duniyA itanI tAkata pakar3atI jA rahI hai jo sabhya stara ko tanAvapUrNa banA kara apanI ora khIMcatI hai| yaha sabhya saMsAra ke visphoTa kA kAraNa bhI bana sakatI hai| to aise meM dharma kI apUrva bhUmikA hai| itihAsa ke pannoM para aMkita hai ki sabhya aura sajjana logoM ne apane jIvana meM dharma ke prabhAva se itanA parivartana nahIM lAyA hogA, jitanA AmUlacUla parivartana arjunamAlI, aMgulImAla jaise hatyAre va DAkU aura kozA Adi vezyAoM jaise ghoratama aparAdhI le aae| isase lagatA hai ki bhayaMkara DAka aura ghoratama vezyA bhI mUla meM dhArmika hai| aise meM Aja dharma sAmAjika parivartana kA kitanA zaktizAlI mAdhyama siddha ho sakatA hai? dUsarI ora yadi vaijJAnika apanI prayogadharmitA ke sAtha dharma kI ora khiMcegA to vaha nahIM hogA jise kevala vizvAsa yA zraddhA kahate haiM, balki usase kucha adhika hogaa| vizvAsa nizcita rUpa se vaha hai jo zata-pratizata rUpa se tarka para Azrita nahIM hotaa| tarka-vicAra jahAM taka jAtA hai aura phira Age bar3hane meM asamarthatA ke kAraNa ruka jAtA hai, vahIM se vizvAsa prArambha hotA hai| vizvAsa kA saMbala bar3A mahattvapUrNa hotA hai| Aqhira vaijJAnika bhI virodhAbhAsoM ke jAla meM ulajhatA huA zodha kI dizA meM Age bar3hatA hai to vizvAsa ke saMbala kI hI madada se| saba kucha se hAra thaka jAe to aMta meM kevala vizvAsa hI to rahatA hai, jisake sahAre vikAsa kA nayA krama banAyA jA sakatA hai| buddhi bhI agara vizvAsa kA AsarA na pakar3e to vaha bAMjha hI rhegii| yaha vizvAsa buddhi kA pUraka hotA hai, jo buddhi ko nahIM, buddhi ke daMbha ko parAsta karatA hai aura buddhi ko namratA, RjutA tathA grahaNazIlatA ke guNa detA hai| Aja bhI aise aneka vaijJAnika haiM jo pUrI taraha Astika haiM aura yaha AstikatA unake vaijJAnika kAryoM meM kahIM bhI Ar3I nahIM AtI hai| saca to yaha hai ki vizvAsa kA dhanI vaijJAnika hI sacce arthoM meM sRjanazIla bana sakatA hai| isameM sacce mAnava dharma tathA pracalita dharma ke antara ko avazya samajha lenA cAhie tathA mAnava dharma ko hI vijJAna kI kasauTI banAnA caahie| dharma vastutaH eka bhAvanAtmaka vRtti hai| sAmUhika bhAva meM use dhAraNa rakhane ke lie eka matavAdAtmaka pAtra Avazyaka hotA hai| amuka dharma mAtra pAtra hai, usase adhika nhiiN| pAtra na ho to rasa kisameM Tike? parantu rasa svayaM pAtra nahIM hotA aura hakIkata meM vaha pAtra-nirbhara bhI nahIM hai| vijJAna zuddha mAnasa-rasa ke nAte pAtra ko bhI svIkAra kareM-isameM kucha anahonI bAta nahIM hai| yadi rasa premiyoM kA kevala rasa para hI dhyAna kendrita ho to pAtra bhI Apasa meM kabhI khar3akeMge nahIM aura na unameM paraspara garva yA bigAr3a paidA hogaa| paraspara vivAda athavA saMgharSa kA mUla kAraNa hotA hai ki loga rasa ko to bhUla jAte haiM tathA pAtra ko hI saba kucha samajha baiThate haiN| yaha eka maulika bhUla hai| cAhie sabako rasa aura rasa hI pInA hai-pAtra to mAtra rasa bharane kA AdhAra hai| rasa AtmA hai aura pAtra zarIra-saba ora Aja mRta zarIra (zava) ko kaMdhe para laTakAe-laTakAe calane kA jo roga ho gayA hai. use dharma aura vijJAna kI gADhI parasparatA se hI dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai| isI dRSTi bindu se aba socanA cAhie ki dharma vaijJAnika bane, bhAvanA ke sAtha vicAra kA bhI mahattva mAne, vizvAsa se pahale tarka ko sthAna de aura logoM ko aMdha zraddhA ke galiyAroM meM bhaTakAne kI bajAe unheM satyAbhimukhI bnaave| isI prakAra vijJAna bhI dhArmika bane, prakRti ke cehare ke sAtha mAnava ke cehare ko jor3e, vicArAMdha na banakara bhAvanAoM ke mUlya ko samajhe tathA vyaktiyoM ke hAthoM meM saMhAraka zastroM kI kAlI tAkata thamAne kI apekSA vizva 450

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mAnava sabhyatA ke vikAsa kI kahAnI isI trikoNa para TikI hai evaM samAja ke sAmUhika hitoM ko sarvatra prAthamikatA de| phira dharma aura vijJAna donoM sArthaka baneMge aura donoM vyakti va samAja ke vyApaka hitoM ke lie hI kAma kreNge| bhautika-Atmika do nahIM, pravahamAna saritA ke do taToM kI taraha eka hai : prAcIna kAla se yahI mAnA jAtA rahA hai ki dharma Atmika-vijJAna hai aura jJAna hI viziSTatA pAkara vijJAna bana jAtA hai| isa prakAra dharma aura vijJAna saMyukta rahe haiM to vijJAna kA AdhAra bhautikatA tathA dharma kA AdhAra AtmikatA ke rUpa meM pRthak-pRthak kyoM? donoM ke bIca meM bhI anyonyAzrita sambandha honA caahie| yaha jo antahIna brahmANDa hai, isako cetanA kaise samajhe? usakI samagratA ko lekara eka gaharA ghaniSTha bhAva jo cetanA meM samAtA hai, use adhyAtma kA bIja mAnA jA sakatA hai| samagratA ko kisI bhI taraha cetanA apane bhItara samAviSTa nahIM kara pAtI hai, taba vaha vyagratA se hI usa samagratA ko sparza karatI hai| acAnaka usa vivazatA meM se yaha dhvani nikalatI hai ki samagratA cetanA meM nahIM samAtI to cetanA hI kyoM na samagratA meM samA jAe? isa prayAsa meM eka antarbhAva utpanna hotA hai jo cAhe kSaNa bhara hI Tike, kintu vaha cetanA ko dhanya banA detA hai| koI vyakti garmI ke kAraNa pasIne se lathapatha ho aura use zItala jala se snAna karane kA avasara mila jAe-taba jo anokhI svacchatA kA anubhava hotA hai, usameM eka jhalaka mila sakatI hai usa parama Ananda kI jo samAviSTa hone ke prayAsa se phUTatA hai| sva ko khokara svAsthya anubhUti pAne kI prakriyA manuSya ke lie anajAnI yA anokhI nahIM hai| yaha prakriyA to zAzvata hai| parantu jahAM samagra ko hama apanI vyagratA se lete haiM, usa vyagratA ko homate nahIM, kramazaH jhelate haiM to zAyada usI se janma milatA hai vaijJAnika adhyAtma ko| vyagratA kI vyathA ko vahAM bahalAyA, pucakArA nahIM jAtA, jitanA kaThora bauddhika sAdhanoM se anubhava meM gahare utArA aura bhogA jAtA hai| isa sAdhanA se jJAna-vijJAna ko janma milatA hai| gaNita kI sRSTi hotI hai, jisase brahmANDa aNu meM A jAtA hai| nArAyaNa nara meM avatIrNa hotA hai aura samaSTi kA adhyayana vyakti meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| pahalI prakriyA samagratA meM samAviSTa hone kI abheda zraddhA se saMbaMdhita thI to dUsarI vyagratA ko jhelane kI yaha prakriyA bheda-vijJAna se saMbaMdhita hai| donoM hI prakriyAeM vyakti meM utkarSaNa lAtI hai tathA use utkRSTa banAtI hai| Azaya yaha ki dharma aura vijJAna athavA AtmikatA aura bhautikatA kA janma brahmANDa ke prati cetanA se hI huA hai| yaha alaga bAta hai ki vibhinna vRttiyAM vibhinna rUpoM meM pratiphalita hii| yadi bheda-vijJAna se adhyAtma muMha nahIM mor3e to vaha vaijJAnika svarUpa grahaNa kara legaa| aisA adhyAtma kabhI jar3atA yA vimukhatA ko svIkAra nahIM kregaa| jahAM taka isa bhautikavAda kA prazna hai, yaha anubhava janya hai ki jo cetanA saMgata ho, vaha svayaM bhautika vikAsa prakriyA kI aMgabhUta hone se saccI ThaharatI hai| bhautikavAda jaba cetana para na Tika kara vasta aura binda se Arambha hotA hai taba vaha aniSTakArI nahIM bntaa| vaha satya sAdhana kI eka paddhati ke rUpa meM Dhala jAtA hai aura AsAnI se saMskRti kA upakaraNa bana jAtA hai| aise bhautikavAda ko adhyAtma apane meM AsAnI se khapA aura samA sakatA hai| Atmika aura bhautika donoM kSetroM meM vahI samAna rUpa se vijetA bana sakatA hai jisake pAsa alaga ahaM kA koI astitva nahIM raha jAtA hai aura vigrahoM ke bIca meM se jo nyAya kI khoja kara 451

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sucaritram letA hai| niSkarSa yaha nikalatA hai ki bhautika aura Atmika yoM eka haiM, do nahIM aura agara do bhI mAneM to isa artha meM ki jaise pravahamAna saritA ke do taTa do dikhate hue do nahIM hote| ve donoM taTa paraspara jala pravAha ke sparza se zItala aura ekatrita bane rahate haiN| yadi koI nadI meM snAna karane ke lie utaratA hai to kisI eka hI taTa se utarane kI anivAryatA nahIM rhtii| donoM meM se kisI bhI taTa se nadI meM utarA jA sakatA hai| isa nadI meM ve donoM taTa sahaja rUpa se mile hue hI rahate haiN| sthiti ko spaSTa kareM to yaha kahA jAegA ki jaba taka nadI kA pravAha hai, pravAha meM jala hai-taTa to do rahane hI vAle haiM aura pravAha ke sparza ke mAdhyama ke atirikta ve kabhI Apasa meM eka hone vAle bhI nhiiN| yahI vizleSaNa bhautika evaM Atmika tattvoM para bhI lAgU kiyA jA sakatA hai| ina donoM ke bIca paidA hone vAlA matavAda Agraha DAlane vAle ahaMkAra ko hI prakaTa karatA hai| vibhinna vAdoM ke bIca bhI jo vigraha panapatA hai usakA mUla kAraNa bhI ahaMvAda hI hotA hai| zuddha rUpa meM dekheM to sabhI dharma, siddhAnta, vijJAna aura vAda usI ko pAne aura dene kI koziza meM bane haiM, jo parama satya hai| yaha ekatA aura abhinnatA zraddhA aura vizvAsa meM se hI dikha sakatI hai| ___ pratyeka vyakti apane vyaktitva meM yahI ekatritatA aura ekAgratA lAnA cAhatA hai| dRr3ha vyaktitva bhI hameM dikhAI dete haiM, ve vahI haiM, jinhoMne kisI na kisI prakAra se yaha yoga aura aikya amuka mAtrA meM sAdhA hai| eka lagana se baMdha jAne vAle loga hI bahata kacha kara gajarate haiN| daDhatA evaM kSamatA anta:pravRttiyoM meM isI ekIkaraNa kA nAma hai| caritra nirmANa evaM vikAsa kI yAtrA meM aisA ekIkaraNa nizcita saphalatA kI ora le jAtA hai| dharma, vijJAna va vikAsa kA antarsambandha evaM cAritrika pragati : ___ vartamAna samaya meM dharma, vijJAna evaM vikAsa ke bIca kaisA saMbaMdha hai? vijJAna ke naye anusaMdhAnoM se jo naI takanIkeM panapa rahI haiM, unase paidA hone vAlI naitika tathA AdhyAtmika samasyAoM kA nidAna / kahAM aura kisa prakAra khojeM? vijJAna aura vikAsa ke kSetroM meM abhI taka jo mAnavIya ceharA guma hai, usakI pratiSThA kaise kI jAe? dharma kI naI krAMtikArI bhUmikA kyA honI cAhie? kyA sabase pahale yaha buniyAdI jarUrata nahIM ki caritra nirmANa para gaMbhIratA se dhyAna diyA jAe aura nizcita avadhi ke bAda hara vakta cAritrika pragati kA lekhA-jokhA liyA jAe? aise kaI prazna haiM jinakI ora vyakti, samAja evaM vizva kA dhyAna kendrita honA cAhie tAki vyApaka rUpa se mAnava caritra ke utthAna ke lie upayukta upAya kie jA ske| caritrazIlatA ke sarvatra vistAra ke sAtha-sAtha hI dharma, vijJAna evaM vikAsa kI samasyAoM kA sahI samAdhAna nikAlA jA sakegA tathA ina tInoM sAdhanoM kA mAnava kI caritra sampannatA ke sAdhya prApti hetu bharapUra sadupayoga kiyA jA skegaa| dharma, vijJAna evaM vikAsa ke bIca antarsambandhoM ke lie Aja sabase bar3I samasyA hai Arthika vissmtaa| dhanavAna aura garIba ke bIca kI Arthika khAI lagAtAra caur3I hotI jA rahI hai-garIboM kI saMkhyA bhI bar3hatI jA rahI hai aura garIbI kI mAra bhI bar3hatI jA rahI hai| phalasvarUpa eka ora hiMsA bar3ha rahI hai to dUsarI ora nirAzA bhI bar3ha rahI hai| taraha-taraha kI vikAsa prakriyAoM ke kAryAnvayana 452

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mAnava sabhyatA ke vikAsa kI kahAnI isI trikoNa para TikI hai ke uparAnta bhI bahusaMkhyA meM loga jIvana nirvAha kI mUla AvazyakatAoM kI upalabdhi taka ke lie kaThinAiyoM se jUjha rahe haiN| sAre prayatnoM ke bAda bhI unakI aneka samasyAeM anasulajhI hI raha jAtI hai| isa paristhiti ko dhyAna meM rakha kara socate haiM to mUla kAraNoM meM se eka kAraNa yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki Aja jo vikAsa kI dhAraNA banI hai, vahI bhUla bharI hai| yaha bhUla gaMbhIra hai, kyoMki vikAsa kA pUrA DhAMcA sirpha bhautikavAdI hai-usameM na to mAnavIya AkAMkSAoM kA samAveza hai aura na hI usake sAtha mAnava-nirmANa kI koI sArthaka yojanA hai| mAnava ke AdhyAtmika svabhAva tathA usakI naitikatA ko uThAne kI kahIM bhI koI bAta nahIM hai| vikAsa kI sArI vicAradhArAeM tathA sArI yojanAeM kevala bhautika, Arthika tathA rAjanIti dabAvoM kI bhUmikA para banAI gaI hai aura unake kriyAnvayana kI sthiti to aura bhI jyAdA kharAba hai| vicAraNIya tathya hai ki mAnava kA svabhAva kyA hai? apane svabhAva ke anurUpa manuSya kI do vRttiyAM dikhAI detI haiM-1. nIce ke stara para prabala rahatI hai bhogaiSaNA arthAt jo hamezA deha sukha kI talAza meM rahatI hai tathA sukha-suvidhA ke sAdhanoM ko baTorane meM hI lagI rahatI hai| 2. Upara ke stara para jAgRta hotI hai tyAga, dayA, nyAya, sahayoga Adi kI vRttiyAM jo sva se anya ke, samAja ke aura vizva ke hita sAdhana hetu tatpara rahanA cAhatI hai| ina vRttiyoM kA nirmANa prAkRtika bhI hotA hai to nirmita bhii| yadi caritra nirmANa kI ora dhyAna nahIM hai to prAkRtika bhoga lAlasAeM bhI uddAma evaM niraMkuza hokara avyavasthA tathA arAjakatA kI kAraka bana jAtI hai, kintu aisA bahuta kama hotA hai kyoMki pratyakSa athavA parokSa rUpa se caritra nirmANa tathA vikAsa ke prayAsa nirantara calate rahate haiM aura samAja dvArA svIkRta vyavahAra mUlya pracalana meM bane rahate haiN| phira bhI caritra patana ke sAtha bahumukhI patana kI rAheM bhI khula jAtI hai| ataH mAnava svabhAva ko cAritrika pragati ke sAtha adhikAdhika rUpa se zreSThatA meM DhAlA jA sakatA hai aura nirmita kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha isa tathya para bhI nirbhara karatA hai ki pratyeka nAgarika kI jAgRti ke lie kyA upAya kie jAte haiN| eka vyakti kA vyavahAra bhI vibhinna paristhitiyoM meM naI-naI vibhinnatAeM lekara sAmane AtA hai| aisI vibhinnatAeM sabake anubhava meM AtI hai| jaise eka kuzala vyApArI hotA hai jo apane vyApAra ke kAmakAja meM pUrI taraha bhautikavAdI rahatA hai, kintu vahI vyApArI apane parivAra meM tyAgavRtti ko bhI apanAtA hai, jahAM vaha prema, udAratA, balidAna Adi kI AdhyAtmika vRttiyA~ dikhAtA hai| ____ aba prazna yahI uThatA hai ki pratyeka mAnava hRdaya meM dabI-chipI hI sahI-jo Upara ke stara kI vRttiyA~ haiM, unheM jAgarUka banA kara sArvajanika bhale ke lie kaise prayukta kiyA jAe? pratyeka vyakti jo apane parivAra tathA mitroM ke sAtha vyavahAra meM Upara ke stara kI vRttiyoM ko apanAtA hai-usameM una vRttiyoM kA bahuta Age taka bhI vistAra karane kI pUrI kSamatA maujUda hotI hai| isa vistAra ke lie ucita zikSaNa-prazikSaNa ke sAtha caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA meM bhautika zikSaNa-prazikSaNa ke sivAya puSTa mAtrA meM AdhyAtmika zikSaNa-prazikSaNa bhI diyA jAnA caahie| yahAM sacce dharma kI pramukha bhUmikA honI caahie| yaha dharma mAnava dharma honA cAhie aura vaha vizva dharma kI pratiSThA prApta karane meM sakSama ho| saca to yaha hai ki vikAsa kA nAtA jaisA vijJAna se hai usase bhI gaharA dharma ke sAtha honA caahie| 453

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sucaritram kAraNa, jaba taka mAnava caritra sugaThita nahIM hotA hai taba taka vijJAna aura vikAsa sArthaka nahIM ho sakatA hai| saccI sArthakatA dharma detA hai jo caritra vikAsa ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotI hai tathA vyakti se vizva taka meM krAMtikArI parivartana lAne kI kSamatA rakhatI hai| dharma ko yA yoM kaheM ki pramukha dhArmika siddhAnta ahiMsA ko pUrNatayA eka jIvanazailI ke rUpa meM vikasita kiyA jAnA caahie| jaise vijJAna kI bhautika jagata para pakaDa hai, vaisI hI pakaDa AdhyAtmika jagata para dharma kI bananI caahie| dharma aura vijJAna apane-apane kSetra meM buniyAdI kAma karate hue sAtha-sAtha meM jur3e aura mAnava caritra ke nirmANa meM sammilita prayatna kareM to vikAsa ko sarvathA upayogI evaM lAbhadAyaka banAyA jA sakatA hai| vijJAna prAmANika jJAna detA hai kintu mUlya nahIM banA sakatA aura mUlyoM ke abhAva meM vaha prAmANikatA pradUSita banA dI jAtI hai| taba vikAsa to hotA hai, para mAnava-hitoM ke viruddha / mUlyoM kA nirmANa tathA naitikatA kA pracalana dharma dvArA hI saMbhava hai| vaijJAnika dharma aura dhArmika vijJAna ke sadbhAva meM vikAsa pUrNatayA mAnava hitakArI bana sakatA hai| caritra sampannatA kA yaha trikoNa, mAnava jIvana kA rakSA-mAnava : - dharma, vijJAna tathA vikAsa ke nava rUpa ke sAtha yaha jo caritra sampannatA kA trikoNa banatA hai, ise mAnava jIvana kA rakSA-kavaca kahA jA sakatA hai| yadi mAnava jIvana isa prakAra surakSita ho jAtA hai| to samAja, rASTra aura vizva ke navanirmANa ko koI bhI zakti pratibAdhita nahIM kara sakatI hai| - caritra sampannatA ke isa trikoNa kI bArIkiyAM smjhie| isa trikoNa kI tIna bhujAeM haiM-dharma, vijJAna evaM vikaas| tInoM bhujAeM jaba jur3atI haiM taba trikoNa banatA hai aura yaha trikoNa jitanA pUrNa hogA, utanI hI caritra sampannatA kI zubhatA vyApaka aura vistRta bnegii| caritra vyakti ke vyaktitva kA nirmANa karatA hai tathA usa vyaktitva ko una sadguNoM se paripUrita banAtA hai jinake AdhAra para vaha Age se Age saphalatA kA varaNa karatA rahatA hai| caritrazIla vyakti ke vyaktitva kA sarvavyApI guNa honA cAhie-hiMsaka jIvana / ahiMsA ko pUrI taraha jIvanazailI ke rUpa meM apanAne ke lie hiMsA se muMha mor3a lenA jarUrI hai| hiMsA se chuTakArA kaba ho sakatA hai-yaha samajhane kI bAta hai| hiMsaka vyakti kitanA hI sAhasI yA parAkramI dikhAI detA hai kintu asala meM vaha vaisA hotA nahIM hai| usa hiMsA ke tala meM bhaya hotA hai aura bhaya kI maujUdagI kisI ko bhI hiMsaka banA detI hai| bhaya vyaktitva ko kaI rUpoM meM bAMTa detA hai, vyaktitva meM saMyuktatA nahIM rahane detaa| saMyuktatA nahIM rahatI to ekAgratA nahIM bntii| isa kAraNa vyaktitva ko saMyukta aura ekAgra banAne ke lie ahiMsA kA AdhAra hI Avazyaka hotA hai| ahiMsA se sahayoga aura prema paidA hotA hai aura usa komala prema se vyaktitva meM jo dRr3hatA tathA sAhasikatA jAgatI hai, vahI caritrazIlatA meM Dhala kara navanirmANa kI prakhara sahAyikA banatI hai| mAnava vyaktitva kI akhaMDa saMyuktatA kaThoratA meM nahIM, komalatA meM hI sampanna ho sakatI hai| jina para kaSToM para kaSTa Ate rahe aura jo uttara meM miThAsa para miThAsa dete rahe, unakA vyaktitva hI mahAnatA meM DhalA hai| ve kisI se balidAna lete nahIM, tila-tila apanA hI balidAna dete haiM aura antatogatvA ve parama siddhi arthAt vyaktitva ke sampUrNa ekIkaraNa ko sAdha lete haiN| 454

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mAnava sabhyatA ke vikAsa kI kahAnI isI trikoNa para TikI hai niSkarSa yaha nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki vizva samAja ke prati mAnava vyaktitva meM pratiSThita ahiMsA kI bhAvanA jaba taka kAryarata nahIM bane, taba taka ahiMsaka samAja racanA kI bAta kevala vicAroM meM hI rahegI, kyoMki vizvAnubhUti se hI vyakti vyakti meM samAnatA aura sahajIvana ke saMskAra utpanna kiye jA sakate haiM tathA apane dRSTikoNoM evaM lakSyoM ko vizAla evaM vyApaka uddezyIya rUpa diyA jA sakatA hai| samAja meM ahiMsA aura prema ke bhAva jagAne ke lie dRSTi kA vistRta honA anivArya hai-apane-parAye ke ye oche ghere, svArtha aura icchAoM ke kaluSa kaThaghare tor3a dene hoNge| vizva kI pratyeka AtmA ke sukha-duHkha ke sAtha ekyAnubhUti kA Adarza jIvana meM lAnA hogaa| bhAratIya saMskRti kA yaha svara to atIva uccAdarzayukta hai ki yaha merA hai, yaha dUsare kA hai-aisA mAnanA saMkucita hRdaya vAloM kA kAma hai, kyoMki vizAla hRdaya vAle to pUre vizva ko hI apanA kuTumba mAnate haiM ( ayaM nijaH paroveti gaNanA lghucetsaam| udAracaritAnAM tu vasudhaiva kuTumbakam ) / ___ vyakti kA vyaktitva itanA zreSTha ho ki vaha apane arjita sadguNoM kA prayoga sarvahita meM hI kare aura usakA vyaktitva itanA vizAla bhI ho ki vaha parivAra se lekara sabhI vargoM, samAjoM, rASTroM tathA vizvabhara meM sarvAMgINa unnati evaM samatA sthApanA kI dRSTi se prAbhAvika bhI bne| aise uttama vyaktitva ke nirmANa se hI dharma, vijJAna aura vikAsa sArthaka bana sakate haiN| isa vyaktitva ke nirmANa kA eka hI sazakta sAdhana hai ki caritra kA nirmANa ho, vaha sugaThita bane, nirantara vikAsa karatA rahe tathA eka dina sampannatA se prakAzamAna bana jaae| 455

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zoSaNa aura utpIr3ana miTe binA prema kahAM? prema binA samatA kaisI? prema hI saMsAra kA AdhAra prema va moha meM bheda pUchA hai . maiM saba bhedoM ke pIche eka hI cIja dekhatA hUM vaha eka mUla bheda hI saba meM prakaTa hotA hai vaha bheda kyA hai? maiM yA to apane ko jAnatA hU~ yA nahIM jAnatA hU~ "maiM kauna hU~"-yaha nahIM jAnane se jo prIti paidA hotI hai vaha moha hai| "maiM kauna hU~"-yaha jAnane se prema AtA hai| prema jJAna hai, moha ajJAna hai prema nirapekSa haisabake, 'samasta' ke prati vaha 'para' para nirbhara nahIM hai vaha svayaM meM hai vaha 'kisI se nahIM hotA hai basa hotA hai| 456

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zoSaNa aura utpIr3ana miTe binA prema kahA~? prema binA samatA kaisI? 35

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zoSaNa aura utpIr3ana miTe binA prema kahAM? prema binA samatA kaisI? buddha use karuNA kahate haiM mahAvIra use ahiMsA kahate haiM vaha akAraNa hai isalie nitya hai moha anitya hai jo kAraNa se hotA hai 'para nirbhara hai sApekSa hai eka ke prati hai isalie duHrava kA mUla hai| prema AtA hai jaba moha jAtA hai moha mukti prema se hotI hai isa kAraNa prema pA lenA saba kucha pA lenA hai| prema mukti hai| yaha AcArya rajanIza 'ozo' kI racanA hai| Aja kI duniyA adhikAMzataH moha ko hI prema mAna kara calatI hai| yahAM viSamatAoM tathA virodhAbhAsoM kA sAmrAjya hai jisane manuSyoM ke hRdaya ko saMkucita, vyathita tathA adUradarzI banA rakhA hai| ve apane soca meM tAtkAlikatA se Age nahIM bar3ha pAte haiN| isa kAraNa unake soca meM svArtha rahatA hai, Agraha rahatA hai aura kAraNa-akAraNa dRr3ha bhii| deha sukha ho yA deha rakSA-unakA dhyAna yahIM taka sImita hai ataH inameM jinakA sahayoga sahAyaka hotA hai, unhIM se samparka aura unhIM se nikaTatA kI pravRtti banI huI hai to unhIM ke sAtha unakI najara meM prema kiyA jAtA hai| ve prema aura moha kA antara nahIM jAnate, kyoMki ve samatA ko nahIM pahicAnate aura una sadguNoM ko nahIM cihnate, jo unake vyaktitva ko banAte haiM, caritra ko gar3hate haiM tathA unakI dRSTi ko vizAlatA dete haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki prema aura moha kA bheda unakI soca aura samajha meM spaSTa nahIM hai| mAnava caritra ko eka vRkSa kI upamA deM to usake patte hoMge choTe bar3e vrata-pratyAkhyAna, usakI choTI zAkhAeM hogI gRhasthoM ke aNuvrata tathA bar3I zAkhAeM sAdhuoM ke mhaavrt| phira usa vRkSa para jo phUla khileMge, unheM samatA ke phUla kahanA upayukta rahegA aura usa vRkSa kA jo phala hogA, vaha prema kA phl| moha nahIM, prema kA sarvatra prasAra mAnava caritra ke unnayana kA uccatama zikhara hogaa| isa prema ko bhagavAn kaheM to koI atyukti nhiiN| __ jaba taka manuSya hiMsA se ghirA hai, viSamatAoM se grasta hai, svArthapUrti ke lie lAlAyita hai athavA bhautika sukhoM kI mUrchA hai, use apanI, samAja kI yA vizva kI vAstavika unnati kA mArga nahIM milegaa| prema ko pahicAnanA tathA usakA rasAsvAdana karanA to bahuta dUra kI bAta hai| aise prema ko pAne 457

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sucaritram ke lie samatA kA AhvAna karanA hogaa| samatA yoM hI nahIM mila jAegI, usake lie pahale bahuta kucha karanA hogaa| vyakti ko caritra nirmANa ke nae pATha par3hane hoMge, samAja ke DhAMce meM krAMtikArI na lAne hoMge tathA sabhI prakAra kI viSamatAoM ko miTAne ke lie athaka prayatna karane hoMge tAki manuSya dvArA hI manuSya kA zoSaNa, damana tathA utpIr3ana pUrI taraha baMda ho ske| tabhI samatA kI racanA zurU kI jA sakegI sabhI kSetroM meN| manuSya mAtra manuSya kI pahicAna hogI, anya sAre kRtrima bhedabhAva miTA dene hoNge| manuSya-manuSya meM vyavasthAgata koI asamAnatA nahIM rahegI tathA manuSyoM ko Atmika samatA kA bhI bhAna dilAyA jaaegaa| bAhara aura bhItara kI samatA hI jaba phalegI-phUlegI tabhI prema kA mAdhurya janma legaa| mAnava-hRdaya meM samatA kA vAsa : samAnatA kA mApadaMDa caritra : maulika rUpa se sabhI mAnavoM ke hRdaya meM samatA kA vAsa hotA hai, usakA AbhAsa bhale hI apanI-apanI jAgRti evaM yogyatA ke anusAra prakaTa yA aprakaTa rUpa meM athavA nyUna yA adhika mAtrA meM hotA ho| lekina yaha saca hai ki sabhI tahedila se samatA yA samAnatA cAhate haiN| yaha cAha Aja kI nahIM, prAcInakAla se usake saMskAroM meM DhalatI huI calI A rahI hai| sabhI dharmanAyakoM ne isa cAha ko saMvArA hai aura manuSya ko prerita kiyA hai ki vaha ise pUrI karane ke lie dharma aura nIti ke anusAra sabhI prayatna kreN| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA upadeza hai ki saba meM samAna AtmA hai aura rAjA tathA raMka kI AtmA meM mUla svarUpa ke nAte koI bheda nahIM hai| unhoMne kahA-'yadi tumhAre sAmane koI AtA hai to tuma usakI AtmA ko dekho, use jAgRta karane kA prayatna kro| usake nAma, rUpa Adi meM mata uljho| tuma AtmavAdI ho so AtmA ko dekho|' AtmA ke sthAna para zarIra ko dekhanA, usake nAma, rUpa yA jAti ko dekhanA zarIravAdI yA bhautikavAdI dRSTi hai, AtmavAdI nhiiN| AtmavAdI ina bAharI prapaMcoM meM nahIM ulajhatA hai, usakI najara meM parakha hotI hai, ataH sUkSma se bhI sUkSma svarUpa ko grahaNa kara letA hai-sthUla para usakI dRSTi aTakatI nhiiN| eka AtmavAdI sUkSma tattva ko pahicAnatA hai tathA usI kA sammAna karatA hai| pramANasvarUpa AcArAMga sUtra meM kathana AyA hai ki sAdhu ke samakSa cAhe koI samrATa Ave yA tuccha daridra bhikSuka, vaha bAhya sthiti ko na dekhe tathA donoM ko AtmajAgaraNa kA samAna upadeza de (jahA puNassa katthaI, tahA tucchassa ktthi| jahA tucchassa katthai, tahA puNassa ktthii)| Atma-samAnatA kA bodha vahI karA sakatA hai jisake caritra meM sadAzaya evaM sAhasa kUTa-kUTa kara bharA ho, varanA isa saMsAra meM sone ke mola sabhI bika jAte haiM aura svarNa meM hI sabhI guNoM kA saMgrahaNa dekhate haiM (sarvaguNA: kaaNcnmaashrynti)| svarNa ko vahI Thokara mAra sakatA hai, jisakA satya kA svara mukhara evaM prakhara bana cukA ho| isakI viparIta avasthA kA mArmika varNana IzopaniSad meM AtA hai ki sone ke pAtra se satya kA mukha Dhaka diyA jAtA hai (hariNyamayena pAtreNa satyasya vihitaM mukhm)| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki yaha svarNa sadA se satya tathA samatA kA zatru rahA hai| svarNa kI mahattA ko samApta karane para hI sthiti meM badalAva lAyA jA sakatA hai| yaha nizcita hai ki mAnava hRdaya ke mUla meM svarNa kA nahIM, samatA kA hI vAsa hai| caritra se hI vyakti kA mUlyAMkana karo tathA caritra ko hI samatA yA samatA samAja kA mApadaMDa 458

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zoSaNa aura utpIr3ana miTe binA prema kahAM? prema binA samatA kaisI? banAo, yaha saMdeza prAcInakAla se gUMjatA rahA hai| zarIra, jAti, kula, vaMza yA aise hI bhautika bhedabhAvoM para dharma ko mata claao| dharma to basa caritra ko dekhe, adhyAtma ko dekhe ki kaisI Thosa bhUmikA para khar3A hai| dharma ko yaha kadApi nahIM dekhanA cAhie ki kauna dhanI hai, kauna dInahIna, kauna kSatriya mahAjana hai yA kauna bhaMgI camAra athavA kauna UMce vyavasAya ke sAtha jur3A hai yA kauna nIce vyavasAya ke saath| dharma kI dRSTi samAnatA kI dRSTi honI cAhie, guNavattA kI dRSTi honI cAhie / isa dRSTi se itihAsa ke pannoM ko dekheM to yaha virodhAbhAsa bhI sAmane AegA jaba tathAkathita dharmoM ne varNa aura jAti kA bhayaMkara pakSapAta kiyA, brAhmaNa aura zUdra ko AkAza va pAtAla mAnA tathA dhArmika va sAmAjika asamAnatA ke bIja boe| yaha kitanI dardanAka bAta thI ki zUdra arthAt nIca varNa aura nIcI jAti ke loga dharmazAstra kA pravacana na sune aura koI corI-chipe suna le to usake kAnoM meM pighalA zIzA bhara do| aspRzyatA kA roga bhI tabhI calA aura mAnava-mAnava ke bIca pazutA kA bheda DAla diyA yA usase bhI nikRSTa ki pazu ko goda meM biThA lo to koI harja nahIM, magara zUdra ko sparza taka karanA pApa hai aura aise sparza ke bAda snAna se zuddhi jarUrI hai| yaha atyanta amAnavIya vyavahAra kA calana huA, jise bhArI prayAsoM ke bAda aba taka bhI pUrI taraha se nahIM miTAyA jA sakA hai| aisI asamAnatA ke viruddha mahAvIra ne krAnti kA zaMkhanAda kiyA aura svara guMjAyA ki jAti se kisI ko brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya yA zUdra mAnane kI jarUrata nahIM hai / brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya yA zUdra apane kArya kI uccatA yA nIcatA ke anusAra mAnA jAnA cAhie (kammuNA baMbhaNo hoi, kammuNA hoikhattiyo / vaiso kammuNA hoI, suddo havai kammuNA) / yadi koI brAhmaNa zUdra jaisA nIca kArya karatA hai to use zUdra mAnanA hogaa| isake viparIta koI zUdra uccatA ke kArya karatA hai to use brAhmaNa jaisA sammAna milanA caahie| samAnatA kI yahI mAMga thii| kahA gayA ki jAti ko vizeSatA dene kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai (nadIsaI jAivisesa koI ) / manuSya apane karma ke anusAra hI UMcA banatA hai aura tadanusAra hI niicaa| kisI kI jIvana kI UMcAI ko nApanA hai to usake caritra ko dekho - usake karma ko dekho aura usake jIvana kA mUlyAMkana kro| manuSya ke mana meM jAtivAda, vargavAda Adi vibhinna vAdoM ke jo viSama ghere khar3e kara die gae haiM, unheM nirmama bana kara tor3anA hogA tathA samatA kA sajaga AhvAna karanA hogA ki manuSya- manuSya aura AtmA - AtmA ke bIca samatA evaM samarasatA kA bhAva pratiSThita karane kA prabala prayatna kiyA jA ske| sarvavyApI evaM bahuAyAmI samatA kI sthApanA ke lie AtmIya samAnatA kA siddhAnta sarvocca rahanA caahie| pUrvAcAryoM ne vizva kI AtmAoM ko samatva - dRSTi dete hue kahA hai ki saMsAra kI samasta AtmAoM ko hama do prakAra kI dRSTiyoM se dekhate haiM - eka dravya dRSTi se tathA dUsarI paryAya dRSTi se| jaba hama bAhara kI dRSTi se dekhate haiM- paryAya kI dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM to sabhI AtmAe~ nyUnAdhika rUpa se azuddha svarUpI pratIta hotI hai cAhe vaha AtmA brAhmaNa kI ho yA cAMDAla kI, yahAM taka ki tIrthaMkara kI hI AtmA kyoM na ho vaha jaba taka saMsAra kI bhUmikA para sthita hai, nyUnAdhika azuddha hI pratIta hotI hai| jo karma eka AtmA ke lie baMdhana rUpa haiM ve sabhI AtmAoM ke lie bhI bandhana-rUpa hote haiN| kintu bandhana mukti ke bhI saba ke lie samAna upAya hote haiN| yaha paryAya kI 459

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sucaritram bAta kI gaI hai-paryAya kA artha hotA hai vartamAna dshaa| jaise kisI ko mailI kamIja pahane hue dekhate haiM to muMha se nikala jAtA hai ki vaha kitanA gaMdA hai| lekina acche kapar3e vAlI usa mailI kamIja ko sApha dho DAle to vaha sabako suhA jaaegii| paryAya vaha hai jo manuSya ke karma ke anusAra badalatI rahatI hai| dravya AtmA ke mUla svarUpa ko kahA hai, jo vizuddhatama hotA hai| dravya dRSTi se sabhI AtmAeM samAna haiM aura paryAya kI dRSTi se bhI unakI azuddhatA evaM azubhatA ko dUra karate hue zuddha evaM zubha caritra kA jitanA adhika vikAsa va vistAra kiyA jAegA, utanI hI AtmA kI paryAya sthiti bhI dravyasvarUpa ke nikaTa hotI jaaegii| dravya se prApta sabhI AtmAoM kI samAnatA ko paryAya kI samAnatA meM DhAlane ke upakrama kA nAma hI samatA hai| yaha samatA mUlyoM para AdhArita hotI hai tathA guNavattA ko protsAhana detI hai sAtha hI bhautika asamAnatAoM ko kadApi sahana nahIM karatI hai| samatA AegI jaba viSamatA miTegI aura viSamatA miTegI taba jaba hiMsA ghaTegI: yaha sIdhA-sAdA phArmUlA hai ki jaba rAja-samAja meM hiMsA bar3ha jAtI hai to vyavasthA DhIlI hotI hai aura ve loga apanI svArthapUrti meM sakriya ho jAte haiM jinake pAsa dhana, bAhubala, sattA bala yA anya prakAra kI tAkata hotI hai| ye nihita svArthI pratyeka kSetra meM viSamatAeM bar3hAne lagate haiM, jaise rAjanIti meM ye loga usI ko apanA ummIdavAra banAeMge jo unakI hAM meM hAM milAte hue unakI svArthapUrti ko damana Adi bhI karake AsAna banA sake yA khuda hI khar3e ho jaaeNge| isase ve yogya, caritrazIla tathA lokataMtra kI nItiyoM ke anusAra calane vAle loga cunAva se vaMcita ho jaaeNge| isa prakAra rAjanIti viSama hotI jAegI jaise ki usakA Aja aparAdhIkaraNa taka ho rahA hai| isI taraha Arthika kSetra meM dhanika ko adhika dhanI tathA garIba ko jyAdA garIba banAne kI raNanIti bar3e udyogapati va vyavasAyI calAte haiM to Arthika viSamatA phailatI hai| yahI krama samAja tathA dharma ke kSetra meM bhI cala par3atA hai ki dhArmika aura guNavAna vyaktiyoM ko konoM meM dubaka jAnA par3atA hai tathA DhoMgI va pAkhaMDI hI netRtva kI bAgaDora apane hAthoM meM le lete haiM tathA apane varcasva kA sikkA jamAte haiM / viSamatA kA phailAva isa prakAra cAroM ora ho jAtA hai, taba lagatA hai ki aise meM samAnatA kA zaMkhanAda kaise saphala bana sakegA? to prazna yaha uThatA hai ki hiMsA kyoM bar3hatI hai? yaha saMskRti tathA sabhyatA ke vikAsa stara kA savAla hai ki logoM ke kriyAkalApoM meM pazu bala kI adhikatA hai athavA mAnavIya mUlyoM kI? pazu bala kA artha hai zarIra-bala aura usake sAtha hI bhautika bala ke anya sAdhana-zastrAstra, senA sipAhI aadi| isa bala kA prayoga jitanA hogA utanA hiMsA kA vistAra hogaa| isake viparIta mAnava caritra meM karuNA, dayA, kSamA, sahiSNutA Adi ke guNoM kA samAveza hogA to hiMsA ke sthAna para ahiMsA kA prabhAva bddh'egaa| hiMsA haTatI hai to samajhie ki viSamatAeM bhI miTane kI dazA meM A jAtI hai aura vyavasthA bhI sucArU hone lagatI hai| taba samatA ko vyakti se vizva taka kI vyavasthA racanA meM samAviSTa karane meM adhika kaThinAI nahIM rhtii| isake sAtha hI yaha tathya jJAtavya hai ki hiMsA kI bhI jar3a bhaya-vRtti meM hotI hai| hiMsaka kI jo tAkata bAhara nikalatI aura dikhAI detI hai usakA udgama usake mana ke bhaya se hI hotA hai| vaha jo kabhI TUTe nahIM, Dige nahIM, aisI dRr3hatA hiMsaka kI kabhI 460

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zoSaNa aura utpIr3ana miTe binA prema kahAM? prema binA samatA kaisI? nahIM hotii| hiMsaka kI dRr3hatA kaTTara hotI hai, loca usameM nahIM hotA, para vaha dRr3hatA nahIM hotii| aisA bala sadA apane se adhika bala se DaratA hai / isa bala se prabala mAne jAne vAle hiMsaka vyaktiyoM ke samakSa yadi unakI patnI yA putra kI hatyA kA dRzya Ave to kyA hogA? kyA ve avicala raha sakeMge, balki ve Dara se baukhalA jaaeNge| dUsarI ora mahAtmA gAMdhI jaise vyaktiyoM ke bAre meM socA bhI nahIM jA sakatA ki svayaM unake putroM ko unake sAmane phAMsI dI jAtI hai to ve tanika bhI nahIM Digate / yaha bhArI antara hotA hai zarIra bala aura Atmabala / Azaya yaha hai ki hiMsaka se hiMsaka vyakti bhI upacAra ke yogya hotA hai ki vaha ahiMsaka bana ske| usake mana meM race-base bhaya ko nikAla dIjie, vaha avazya hiMsA se haTane lgegaa| phira phArmUlA yaha banegA ki hiMsaka ko sudhArie, hiMsA ko httaaie| viSamatAoM ko miTAne ke lie Age bar3hie, vyavasthA ko naye sire se DhAlie ki samatAmaya vAtAvaraNa tathA racanA kA Arambha ho sake / kintu yaha saba caritra bala ke AdhAra se hI kiyA jA sakegA jisake sAmane bAhara kA koI bhI bala TikatA nhiiN| gAMdhIjI ne kabhI kisI ko nahIM mArA, para khuda hamezA marane lie taiyAra rahe tathA Atmabala kA amogha upAya sabako batAyA / vizva meM zAyada hI aisA koI dharma hogA jo hiMsA kA samarthana karatA ho / sabhI dharmagranthoM meM ahiMsA aura zAMti kI carcA milatI hai| yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki anuyAyI aMdhe joza meM apanI hI dharmAjJAoM ko na maane| hiMsA ke savAla para kurAna (islAma kA mukhya dharma graMtha) kI kinhIM AyatoM kA jikra karanA ucita rhegaa| kahA gayA hai ki khudA ke nAma para una logoM se itanI hI lar3AI karo jitanI lar3AI ve tumase kara rahe haiM, khuda hamalA kabhI mata kro| khudA hamalAvaroM ko pasaMda nahIM krtaa| (ala-bakara, 2-191) aura agara tuma hamalAvaroM ko sajA denA cAhate ho to unheM utanI hI jitanI unhoMne tumhAre sAtha burAI kI ho| yaha na karake agara tuma sahanazIlatA dikhalAo to vaha sabase acchI hai (alanahala, 16-127) tathA agara ve hamalAvara amana kI ora Age bar3hate ho to tuma jarUra amana kI ora hI bar3ho (ala anaphala 8-62 ) yahAM taka ki do musalamAna Apasa meM jo duA salAma karate haiM, vaha 'assalAma-o-alekuma" kahA karate haiM jisakA matalaba hai - Apako zAnti prApta ho| kurAna meM eka sthAna para to yaha bhI likhA hai ki zahIda ke khUna se bhI jyAdA pAka hotI hai satya - zodhaka kI kalama kI syaahii| isa vivecana kA antarbhAva yaha hai ki jisa dharmamajahaba ke kSetra meM unake anuyAyI apanI saccI zikSAoM ko bhUla kara aticAra yA mithyAcAra meM bhaTaka gaye hoM, unake jAgaraNa kA prazna bhI caritra nirmANa va vikAsa kI dRSTi se dhyAna meM rakhA jAnA caahie| yaha eka aura dhArmika zikSA bhI pracAra meM AnI cAhie una logoM ke lie jo karma, niyati yA bhAgya meM adhika Izvara dvArA sRSTi saMcAlana meM jyAdA bharosA karate haiN| unheM batAyA jAe ki Izvara apane kAma meM bhedabhAva kadApi nahIM karatA, isalie vaha una saba bhedabhAvoM ke viruddha hai jo bhedabhAva manuSya ne apanI kAlI tAkatoM kI madada se janma, sampatti, varNa, dharma yA anya bAtoM ko lAda kara paidA kie haiN| ve yaha mAneMge ki sabhI manuSya samAna haiM, samAnatA unakA adhikAra hai tathA samAja, rASTra vizva meM samAnatApUrNa vyavasthA sthApita karane meM pratyeka manuSya ko Age AnA cAhie tathA apanI yogya bhUmikA nibhAnI caahie| sajA 44 461

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sucaritram 462 sampUrNa jIvanazailI kA ahiMsaka honA hI samatA kA mUlAdhAra : mahAbhArata ke bhISaNa yuddha kA varNana karane ke bAda yaha niSkarSa nikAlA gayA ki yuddha dvArA prApta vijaya nicale stara kI yA ghaTiyA hotI hai| ataH kisI bhI rAjA ko vijaya ke lie yuddha ke sivAya anya upAya talAzane caahie| nirNaya nikAlA gayA ki jisa prakAra Aga meM lakar3iyAM DAlane se Aga kama nahIM hotI, bar3hatI hI rahatI hai, usI prakAra vaira kI Aga vaira se kabhI bhI zAnta nahIM ho sakatI hai balki vaira bar3hatA hI jAtA hai| vaira kI Aga ko eka bAra dabA bhI deM, taba bhI lambe samaya bAda kisI bhI mAmUlI se kAraNa yA akAraNa bhI vaha phira se bhar3aka sakatI hai| jaba taka kSamA aura sahiSNutA kI sIkha palle nahIM par3e, vaira kI Aga daba kara bhI jalatI rahatI hai| vaira kA calate rahanA hiMsA aura azAMti kA calate rahanA hai| vahAM Dara banA rahatA hai ki kaba kauna kisa para vAra kara baiThe ? isa kAraNa vahAM zAnti kabhI nahIM AtI / yoM yuddha ke aMta meM pariNAma kyA sAmane Ate haiM? apanoM ne hI apanoM ko mArA hai, eka dUsare ko lUTA hai - satAyA hai aura milA kyA sirpha vinAza ? vijaya parAjita ke pAsa nahIM rahatI to kyA vijayI ke pAsa bhI rahatI hai ? vAstavikatA meM nahIM / aise meM yaha samasyA sAmane AtI hai ki koI bhI rAjA yA zAsaka apane zatruoM ko binA yuddha ke kaise parAsta kare? isakA uttara diyA gayA hai ki jo rAjA yA zAsaka apanI prajA kA kalyANa cAhatA hai, use yuddha hara kImata para hara samaya TAlanA caahie| sabase pahale vaha apane para, apanI kAmanAoM, vAsanAoM evaM durbalatAoM para vijaya prApta kreN| taba zatruoM ko jItane kI bAta soce / adharma se vaha agara pUrI pRthvI bhI jIta le to usakA aMza bhI usake pAsa rahegA nhiiN| ina sAre vicAroM kA ullekha udyoga evaM zAnti parvoM (mahAbhArata) meM milatA hai| aTala satya yaha hai ki ahiMsA aura zAnti khokhale nAreM nahIM haiM, balki vicArazIla evaM buddhimAn janatA ke jIvana kA svara hai / ahiMsA aura zAnti ko nahIM mAnanA svayaM jIvana ko nakAranA hai| ghRNA aura hiMsA jahAM jIvana ke nakArAtmaka pahalU hai, vahAM apane svayaM kI bhI nakAra hai| manuSya kI tAtkAlina uttejanA tathA hiMsA kI ora bar3hane kI pravRtti ko samajha kara hI mahAbhArata kAvya meM hI nahIM, usase bhI bar3ha kara jaina darzana meM ahiMsA ke viveka ko jagAyA gayA hai| jIvana se bar3ha kara manuSya yA prANI ke pAsa anya koI upahAra nahIM aura svayaM ke jIvana se bar3ha kara bhI manuSya kI anya koI icchita vastu nahIM - yaha binA kisI saMdeha ke pratyeka manuSya kI mAnyatA hai| jaba svayaM vaha sadA jIne kI kAmanA karatA hai to vaha dUsare kA jIvana chIna kaise sakatA hai? bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai"vaira ho, ghRNA ho, damana ho, utpIr3ana ho, kucha bhI kukarma ho, antataH saba lauTakara karttA ke pAsa hI AtA hai| yaha samajhanA bhArI bhUla hai ki kI huI burAI usake zatru para asara DAla kara vahIM Thahara jAegI - vaha vApasa karttA ke pAsa karma baMdhana ke rUpa meM lauttegii| isalie unakA upadeza hai ki manuSya - manuSya eka hai, caitanya - caitanya eka hai, jise tU pIr3A detA hai vaha aura koI nahIM tU hI to hai / jise tU mAranA cAhatA hai, vaha tU hI hai| jise tU zAsita karanA cAhatA hai, vaha tU hI hai| jise tU paritApa denA cAhatA hai, vaha tU hI hai (AcArAMga sUtra ) / " yaha ahiMsA hI hai jo hRdaya aura zarIra ke bIca, bAhya pravRtti cakra aura antarAtmA ke bIca, svayaM aura sAthiyoM va samAja ke bIca eka sadbhAvanApUrNa

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zoSaNa aura utpIr3ana miTe binA prema kahAM? prema binA samatA kaisI? vyAvahArika sAmaMjasya paidA kara sakatI hai, mAnava-mAnava ke bIca bandhutA kI madhura dhArA bahA sakatI hai| mAnava hI ahiMsA ke vikAsa patha para nirantara pragati karate karate eka dina akhila prANI jagat ke sAtha tAdAtmya sthApita kara sakatA hai| saMkSepa meM ahiMsA kyA hai? samagra caitanya ke sAtha binA kisI bhedabhAva ke tAdAtmya-Atmaupamya sthApita karanA hI ahiMsA hai| ahiMsA meM tuccha se tuccha jIva ke lie bhI bandhutva kA sthAna hai| jo jIva yA vyakti sarvAtmabhUta hai, saba prANiyoM ko apane hRdaya meM basA kara vizvAtmA bana gayA hai, use vizva kA koI bhI pApa kabhI sparza nahIM kara sakatA (savva bhUyappa bhUyassa... pAvakammaM na baMdhaI-dazavaikAlika suutr)| yaha saca hai ki ahiMsA kI nIMva para hI samatA kA bhavana nirmita kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaba samAja, rASTra aura vizva ko samatAmaya banAne kI bAta kareM to usI parimANa meM ahiMsA kA phailAva atyAvazyaka hai| ahiMsA ke phailAva kA artha kSetra se hI nahIM hai, vyaktiyoM ke svayaM meM tathA unake sAmAjika jIvana se adhika hai| isa rUpa meM ahiMsA kA vistAra vyApaka aura sthAI tabhI ho sakatA hai ki vyakti se lekara vizva ke stara taka pUrI jIvanazailI ahiMsaka bne| jIvanazailI kA artha mAtra khAnA-pInA yA rahanA hI nahIM hai| ahiMsA vyakti ke tathA sAmUhika saMgaThanoM ke bhItara meM raca-basa jAnI cAhie ki vahAM socA jAe to ahiMsA kI sadbhAvanA ke sAtha, bolA jAe to ahiMsA kI nizchalatA ke sAtha aura kiyA jAe to ahiMsA kI Atmazakti ke saath| ahiMsaka jIvanazailI kI vizeSatA yaha hogI ki vyakti atyanta saMvedanazIla hogA tathA dUsaroM kI pIr3A kI pahale hI yaha sUsagirI kara legA-isameM vaha apanI pIr3A ko bhI bhulA degA ki use pahale para-pIr3A ko miTAnI hai| apane bhale kI jo bhI bAta vaha socegA, use pahale dUsaroM ke bhale ke lie kriyAnvita kregaa| vaha isa bodha ke sAtha karegA ki dUsaroM ke sukha se hI svayaM ko sukha milatA hai| vaha jAna jAtA hai ki yadi koI apanI hI svArthapUrti karegA to vaha dUsaroM ke hitoM ko to AghAta pahuMcAtA hI hai, lekina antatogatvA svArthapUrti kA sukha usake pAsa bhI nahIM rahatA hai| yahI bAta samAja, rASTra va vizva ke hitoM ke sAtha bhI lAgU hotI hai| . ahiMsaka jIvanazailI meM ghRNA, vaira yA rASTroM ke stara para yuddha kA koI sthAna nahIM rahegA, isalie krodha aura dabAva kA bhI kAma nahIM bcegaa| vAda hoMge para vivAda nahIM, sahayoga hogA para saMgharSa nahIMyahaM ahiMsA kI pahicAna hai| yaha mUlabhUta tathya smaraNa meM rahanA cAhie ki jIvana kA astitva jIvana para nirbhara karatA hai ataH jIvanoM ke bIca jo prakaTa-aprakaTa anyonyAzrita sambandha hotA hai, use bhAvanAtmaka rUpa se puSTa karate rahanA cAhie tAki saba ora sukhada zAnti phailI huI rhe| yaha bhI yAda rahe ki jhagar3oM kA mUla gussA hotA hai aura vahI hiMsA meM pravRtti karatA hai, vaha dUsare ke vajUda ko hI nakAratA hai| yoM ahiMsA amAraka, rakSaka va saMrakSaka hai, vicAra samanvaya hai, adhyAtmaka bodhaka hai tathA saMvibhAga ke AdhAra para samAja va artha kI puSTidAyinI hai| parigraha saMcaya para aMkuza se samatA sthAI va sarvavyApI hogI : jaise-jaise vaijJAnika sukha sAdhanoM meM vRddhi hotI jA rahI hai, vaise-vaise manuSyoM kA jIvana adhika asantuSTa aura azAnta hotA jA rahA hai| jahAM eka ora sAdhana sampanna varga aizvarya bhoga meM lipta hai, 463

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sucaritram vahIM dUsarI ora sarva sukha suvidhAhIna abhAvagrasta varga pazuvat jIvana jIne ko abhizapta hai| isase mAnava samAja meM saMgharSa aura dvandva kA vAtAvaraNa banA rahatA hai| tRSNA kI jAjvalyamAna agni ne ahiMsA kA prakAza nahIM, apitu hiMsA kI jvAlA hI bhar3akAI hai| yaha hiMsA, parigraha lAlasA ke hI kAraNa hai aura isa kAraNa ko dUra karane ke lie aparigraha evaM saMvibhAga se ahiMsA kI bhAvanA phailAI jA sakatI hai| yahI nahIM, parigraha saMcaya para aMkuza lagA kara sthApita samatA ko sthAI evaM sarvavyApI bhI banA sakate haiN| jina dharma kA paMca vratAtmaka pratipAdana huA hai| ye vrata-ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha, bhinna-bhinna nahIM balki eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiN| ahiMsA ke vikAsa bindu se prArambha huI jIvanayAtrA aparigraha ke zikhara para pahuMca kara zobhAyamAna hotI hai to aparigraha se udgamita jIvana yAtrA ahiMsA ke virATa sAgara meM mahAnatA kA varaNa karatI hai| ___ vastu satya yaha hai ki ahiMsA, aparigraha ke binA saphala nahIM ho sakatI hai, kyoMki hiMsA kA janma hI parigraha kI bhUmi para hotA hai| yaha artha hI anartha kA mUla kAraNa hai (atthomUlaM aNatthANaM (grantha maraNasamAdhi) tathA hiMsA se pahale parigraha AtA hai (AraMbhapUrvako parigraha-sUtrakRtAMga sUtra cUrNi, 1-2-2) / ataH ahiMsaka banane kI pahalI zarta hai aparigrahI bnnaa| tyAga isake mUla meM hai tathA tyAga ke bala para hI azubha se nivRtti lekara zubha meM pravRtti saMbhava banatI hai| yaha parigraha bAhara kI sattA-sampatti se bhI bar3ha kara bhItara kI mUrchA rUpa adhika hotA hai| yaha mUrchA TUTe, Asakti miTe to phira bAhara kA parigraha mahattvahIna bana jAtA hai / mUrchA hotI hai vicAra-mUr3hatA ki viveka vismRta ho jAtA hai| vivekahInatA se kitanA ahita ho sakatA hai, usakI koI sImA nhiiN| parigraha kI prApti aura parigraha kA saMcaya sukhakArI lagatA hai, kintu vaha vaisA hotA nahIM hai| parigraha antataH duHkhadAyI hI hotA hai| parigrahI vimUr3ha hotA hai, vivekahIna hotA hai aura pramAdI hotA hai tathA pramAdI vyakti sadA bhaya se grasta rahatA hai (savvao pamattassa bhayaM-AcArAMga, 1-3-4) aura jyoM-jyoM parigraha kA saMgraha bar3hatA hai tyoM-tyoM vaira, hiMsA aura duHkha bar3hatA jAtA hai (pariggaha niviTThANaM, veraM tesiM pavaDDaiAcArAMga, 1-9-3) / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kI TIkA meM zIlaMkAcArya ne yahAM taka kahA hai ki parigraha (ajJAniyoM ke lie to kyA) buddhimAnoM ke lie bhI grAha (magara) ke samAna kleza evaM vinAza kA kAraNa hai (prAjJasthA'ipa parigrahoM grAha-iva klezAya nAzAya c-1-1-1)| parigraha ke do bheda haiMbAhya evaM Abhyantara / Abhyantara bheda meM mUrchA, tRSNA, Asakti Adi kA samAveza hotA hai| Abhyantara parigraha arthAt tRSNA yA icchA itanI balavatI hotI hai ki dhana-dhAnya se bharA huA yaha samagra vizva bhI kisI eka vyakti ko de diyA jAe, taba bhI vaha usase santuSTa nahIM hogA (jahA lAho tahA loho, lAhA loho pvii-uttraadhyyn-8-17)| bAhya parigraha kA saMcaya bhI kukarmakArI banatA hai aura tRSNA ko phailAtA hai| aise aneka aitihAsika udAharaNa hai jaba rAjya, dhana aura bhUmi Adi ke lie vivAda aura saMgharSa hI nahIM, vinAzakArI yuddha hue haiN| ataH aba aparigraha kI ora vyakti se lekara vizva taka kI gati honI hI caahie| parigraha kI samasyA kI yaha bhAvAtmaka carcA huI, kintu isakI tathyAtmaka carcA bhI utanI hI mahattvapUrNa hai| yaha sApha hakIkata hai ki sarvatra vyaktiyoM ko jIvana jIne ke jIvana nirvAha kI sAmagrI 464

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zoSaNa aura utpIr3ana miTe binA prema kahAM? prema binA samatA kaisI? avazya cAhie tAki ve saMtoSa evaM surakSA ke sAtha apanA karttavya pAlana kara ske| zAstra kA yaha mata bhI hai ki nizcaya dRSTi se vizva kI pratyeka vastu parigraha bhI hai aura aparigraha bhii| yadi mUrchAAsakti hai to parigraha hai aura vaha nahIM hai to aparigraha (gaMtho'gaMtho va mao mucchA, mucchAhi nicchayao-vizeSAvazyaka sUtra-bhASya 2573) / ataH Asakti manuSyoM ke mana se chUTe-aise bAharI upAya bhI avazya kie jAne caahie| bhItarI upAya zuddha dRSTi se bhAvAtmaka hai jisakI sAdhanA vyakti ko hI karanI hogI, kintu isa sAdhanA meM bAharI upAya bhI sahAyaka ho sakate haiN| samajheM ki rAjya yA samAja kI ora se aise vidhAna va niyama jArI kie jAe jinake kAraNa vyakti ke hAthoM meM AvazyakatA se adhika parigraha kA saMcaya na ho ske| jIvana nirvAha kI AvazyakatAoM kA deza, kAla ke anusAra eka mAnadaMDa kAyama kiyA jA sakatA hai aura usake anusAra dhana-dhAnya yA sampatti rakhane kI chUTa dI jA sakatI hai| usa chUTa se jyAdA parigraha koI nahIM rakha sake to usake do lAbha hoMge eka to yaha ki nirvAha yogya sabhI Avazyaka vastuoM kA sabake bIca saMvibhAga ho sakegA tathA dUsarA yaha ki jaba parigraha saMcaya kA avakAza hI nahIM rahegA to kyoM koI apane vyApAra, vyavasAya yA sevA meM kisI bhI prakAra se anIti kA AcaraNa karegA? vyakti kI ora se bhAvAtmaka taiyArI, samAja-rAja kI ora se parigraha saMcaya para aMkuza aura phalasvarUpa aparigraha evaM anAsakti kA puSTikaraNa / yahI stara hogA jaba samAja, rASTra va vizva meM samatA kI sthApanA ho sake, usakA nirantara vistAra hotA rahe tathA samatAmaya vyavasthA meM sthAyitva bhI aave| ___ aparigraha kA artha hai jAgaraNa, jAgaraNa bhItara meM bhI aura bAhara meM bhii| tabhI to samatA bhItara meM bhI pratiSThita hogI aura bAhara meM bhI naI racanA kI sRSTi kregii| aparigraha apanAne se sabhI dvandvoM kA visarjana ho jAegA evaM zAnti tathA sukha kI anubhUti hogii| yaha sabake spaSTa anubhava meM AtA hai ki parigraha prApti tathA saMcaya kI andhI daur3a ke kAraNa hI mAnasika, pArivArika, samAjika, rASTrIya tathA antarrASTrIya samasyAeM utpanna hotI haiM aura lAkha kozizoM ke bAda bhI ve sulajhAI nahIM jA sakatI hai| parigraha saMcaya para aMkuza se eka hI jhaTake meM sArI samasyAeM sulajha jaaegii| hiMsA, bhaya, ghRNA ke tyAga ke sAtha samatA hetu vAMchita guNoM kA varaNa : Aja vizva meM nIce se Upara taka ke sabhI staroM para phaile vAtAvaraNa kI jAMca-parakha kare to jJAta hogA ki bhaya, AtaMka yA dahazata jaise havA meM hI ghula gaI hai| sabako sAMsa lenA par3atA hai aura sabako bhayabhIta bhI rahanA par3atA hai| yahI bhaya Aja ghRNA aura hiMsA se lipaTa kara vinAzaka rUpa dhAraNa kara cukA hai| majahabI kaTTaravAditA ne hajAroM nirdoSa nAgarikoM kA khUna bahAte hue isa bhaya ko AtaMka meM badala diyA hai ki hara pala vyakti dahazata se tharrAtA rahatA hai-na jAne kaba kisa dizA se AtaMkavAdiyoM kI eka sAtha barasatI huI goliyAM unake zarIra ko chalanI banA de? isa vAtAvaraNa meM samatA kI bAta karanA bhI jaise AzaMkita banA detA hai ki koI bhalA use sunegA bhii| kintu yaha yAda rakheM ki aMdherA jitanA gaharA hotA hai, usameM eka tIlI ke jalane se utpanna kSINa prakAza bhI rAstA dikhA sakatA hairAhata de sakatA hai| usI prakAra hiMsA kI saghana upasthiti meM hI ahiMsA kI bAta kI jAnI cAhie, viSamatA ke viSaile vargoM ke bIca hI samatA kI bAta kI jAnI cAhie tathA azAnta logoM ke bIca hI 465

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sucaritram zAnti kI bAta kI jAnI caahie| isase adhika upayukta avasara dUsarA nahIM ho sktaa| cAritrika bala kA takAjA honA cAhie ki vartamAna paristhitiyoM meM hI ahiMsA, samatA aura zAnti kI bAta hobAta hI nahIM, unake vikAsa va prasAra kI pUrI yojanA ho, abhiyAna va Andolana ho to jitanA jana samarthana Aja mila sakatA hai, utanA phira kabhI zAyada hI mile| vizva kI vartamAna paristhitiyoM para eka vihaMgama dRSTi ddaaleN| majahabI kaTTaravAdiyoM ne jihAda ke nAma para eka sarvAdhika zaktizAlI deza ke vyApAra kendra para AkramaNa kara vinAzakArI lIlA dikhaaii| usakA natIjA yaha sAmane AyA ki zaktizAlI hote hue bhI vaha deza bhaya se kAMpa uThA, ghRNA se bhara gayA aura badale kI Aga meM jalane lgaa| AtaMkavAda ke viruddha vizva stara para lar3ane kA kaI dezoM kA morcA banA-vaha kitanA saphala yA kitanA asaphala rahA-isakI carcA chodd'eN| carcA to hama bhaya, ghRNA aura hiMsA kI kara rahe haiN| zakti hote hue bhI hiMsA kA virodha hiMsA se kareM aura ghRNA ke viruddha ghRNA hI phailAveM to kyA bhaya kI samasyA kA kabhI bhI samAdhAna ho sakegA? Aga-Aga se nahIM bujhatI, pAnI se bujhatI hai| yadi isI AtaMkavAda kA sAmanA ahiMsA, prema aura udAratA se kiyA jAtA to samasyA hI saralatA se samApta nahIM ho jAtI, balki aparAdhiyoM kA hRdaya parivartana bhI ho jaataa| Aja bhaya ko jItane kA eka hI upAya hai ki pUrI mAnava jAti se prema karo aura usI AdhAra para sArI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna nikAlo-ahiMsaka jIvanazailI kA yahI saMdeza hai| hiMsA, bhaya, ghRNA Adi sArI burAiyoM kI jar3a meM eka hI sabase bar3A doSa hai aura vaha hai ahaMvAditA meM apane meM hI baMda ho jAnA (selpha senTreDaneza) aura apanI hI svArthI icchAoM ke vazIbhUta ho jAnA (selphisaneza) aura ye donoM manovRttiyAM pUrI mAnava jAti meM uttejanA, utpAta, vivAda, saMgharSa tathA yuddha taka kI kAraNabhUta banatI hai| ina kutsita manovRttiyoM ke viparIta hogI ve sadAzayI evaM sadbhAvapUrNa manovRttiyA~, jo vyakti ko mAnava jAti kI sevA meM mAnavatA, prema, dayAlutA, udAratA Adi sadaguNoM se sajAtI haiN| asala meM to yaha samajhane kI bAta hai ki jisa paravAha. lagana aura sAvadhAnI se hama apane hitoM kI rakSA karate haiM, usI prakAra anya sabake hitoM kI rakSA karate haiN| sainika yA AyudhIya zakti kA yuga bIta rahA hai aura Atmazakti kA yuga mAnie ki prAraMbha ho gayA hai| aba usa prakAra ke caritraniSTha svayaMseviyoM kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai jo saba Thaura dAnavatA aura pazatA ke viruddha mAnavatA kI sthApanA meM juTa jaave| aise caritragaThana ke lie pratyeka dharma, varga yA samUha ko ahaMvAditA tyAga denI cAhie jisase sabhI loga sAre vizva ko apane hI parivAra ke rUpa meM dekha sakeM tathA sabake sAtha vaisA hI premamaya vyavahAra kara skeN| Aja dharma-majahaba ke nAma para saMgharSa bar3hAnA aura khUna kharAbA karanA nitAnta pAgalapana hai| yaha pAgalapana aba adhika nahIM sahA jaaegaa| sabhI dharmanAyakoM ne sabake sAtha prema se rahane kA upadeza diyA hai| kahA hai-mAnava jAti eka hai (jaina), jaise apane se prema karate ho vaise hI par3ausI se bhI prema karo (IsAI), sabhI prANiyoM meM Izvara ke darzana karo aura una se prema karo (hindU), tuma sabhI eka hI pitA kI santAna ho isalie eka dUsare ke sAtha bhAI aura bahana kI taraha raho (islaam)| savAla hai ki phira bhI paraspara ghRNA, vaira, bhaya aura hiMsA kyoM? isakA kAraNa Aja ke dharma-sampradAyoM meM phailI ahaMvAditA hI hai, 466

Page #571
zoSaNa aura utpIr3ana miTe binA prema kahAM? prema binA samatA kaisI? jisase ve saMkucita gheroM meM baMda ho gae haiM aura vizAla dRSTi se hIna bana kara pUrI mAnava jAti ke kalyANa ke viSaya meM socane meM asamartha ho gae haiN| eka hI satya sabhI dharmAnuyAyiyoM ko sikhAyA gayA hai aura yadi vahI satya anuyAyiyoM kI kathanI va karanI se ojhala hoM jAe to una dharmoM kI sArthakatA para kyA prazna cihna nahIM laga jAegA? ataH Aja kI sabase bar3I AvazyakatA yaha hai ki samatA sthApanA hetu vAMchita guNoM ko apanAne tathA tadanusAra caritra kA nirmANa karane kI dizA meM sabhI deza, sabhI saMgaThana, sabhI dharma aura sabhI prabuddha jana Age AveM / samatA yogya kucha pramukha guNa isa prakAra ho sakate haiM 1. kSamA : krodha ko jItane kA sarvottama guNa / kSamA ke aneka udAharaNa jaina, hindU, bauddha, IsAI, islAma ke dharmagraMthoM meM mileMge, jinase krodha kI bhISaNatA aura kSamA kI sArthakatA kA paricaya milatA hai| 2. namratA : ahaMkAra ko namratA ke guNa se jIteM / 3. saralatA : kapaTAcAra ko saralatA se hI samApta kara sakate haiN| 4. aparigraha : lobha lAlasA para saphala aMkuza lagatA hai| 5. karuNA: hiMsA ke sthAna para karuNA- dayA se hRdaya Aplavita ho to krUra bhAva TikeMge hI nahIM / 6. prema : ghRNA ko jItane kA prabhAvakArI guNa / 7. dAna : kisI bhI prakAra kA sahI yogadAna mAnavoM ke santApa ko ghaTA yA miTA sakatA hai| 8. maitrI : mitratA kI koI sImA nahIM hotI / vaira naSTa hotA hai to maitrI hotI hai jo samasta prANijagat taka phaila sakatI hai| 9. saMvedanA : hRdaya kI aisI taralatA kA supariNAma sahAnubhUti aura sahayoga meM prakaTa hotA hai| 10. udAratA : hRdaya aura dRSTi meM vizAlatA prasArita ho / 11. utsarga : apane ApakA zubha uddezya hetu balidAna / sahamati se samatA aura samatA se prema kI sarasatA : asahamati ke kyA duSpariNAma ho sakate haiM - yaha Aja kI dhArmika kaTTarapaMthitA ne sApha kara diyA hai / sArI duniyA meM islAma ko phailAne kA maMsUbA lekara alakAyadA ke osAmA bina lAdena ne jaise apanA paigAma diyA ho ki yA to islAma ko maMjUra kara lo yA phira mAre jAne ke lie taiyAra rho| isakA matalaba kyA huA? yahI ki asahamati ne itanA ghRNAspada rUpa banA liyA hai jisakA elAna hai - sirpha merA hI majahaba acchA hai aura dUsare sAre majahaba bekAra haiN| yaha dhArmikatA nahIM hai, korI kaTTarapaMthitA hai| kaTTarapaMthitA dhArmika nahIM hotI / kAraNa, vAstavika dharma kaTTaratA ke ghere meM kabhI baMda nahIM hotA hai| vaha to batAtA hai ki ye siddhAnta haiM, inheM jAMcoM-parakhoM, ucita lage to mAno aura ke pahale apane usUla bhI batA do jinake sAtha ina siddhAntoM kA samanvaya karane se zAyada adhika saca 467

Page #572
sucaritram ubhara aave| apanI mAnyatAoM para dRr3hatA ho parantu dUsare ko samajhA kara sahamata banAveM kintu haTha kadApi na ho| sabhI mAnyatAoM kA sammAna kareM, zreSThatAoM kA cayana kareM aura satya ke adhika samIpa jAveM-yaha hotI hai sahamati kI prkriyaa| dharma ke kSetra kI hI bAta nahIM, sahamati kI yaha prakriyA sabhI kSetroM meM sArthaka rIti se apanAI jA sakatI hai| sahamati sabako sAtha meM jor3atI hai| sahamati kI paramparA prAcInakAla se bhArata meM pracalita thI aura sahamati se samAja kA hI nahIM, rAja kA kAmakAja bhI calAyA jAtA thaa| saca pUche to yaha paramparA lokataMtra se bhI zreSThatara mAnI jA sakatI hai| alpasaMkhyaka sadA asantuSTa rahate haiN| kintu sahamati kI paramparA meM kisI ko asaMtoSa nahIM-adane se adane ko bhI nhiiN| ataH Aja phira se sahamati kI paramparA prAraMbha kI jA sakatI hai| prayoga apane parivAra, grAma sabhA yA sAmAjika saMsthA se zurU kiyA jA sakatA hai ki vahAM pratyeka nirNaya sAmUhika rUpa se hI liyA jaae| yahI prakriyA saMyukta rASTra saMgha taka bhI phailAI jA sakatI hai| isase pUrA kSetra jAgRta hogA tathA hareka vyakti soca samajha kara apane viveka ko sakriya banA skegaa| __ sahamati ke mArga se hI samatA kA sAdhya pAyA jA sakegA, kyoMki sahamati sabako jor3egI aura samatA unheM eka sUtra meM bAMdha degii| yaha baMdhana jo hogA vaha prema kA baMdhana hogaa| prema kI sarasatA taba saba ora phaila jaaegii| prema vahAM para phala-phUla nahIM sakatA hai jahAM paga-paga para antarvirodha janma lete haiM tathA asahamati evaM asantuSTi kI nAgineM phuphakAratI haiN| antarvirodha kI sthiti isa tathya ko batAtI hai ki vahAM para caritra kA abhAva hai| caritrahInatA isa sthiti ko viSama banAtI rahatI hai, isalie sahamati kI prakriyA ko calAne ke lie caritra nirmANa tathA vikAsa prAthamika rUpa se anivArya mAnA jAnA caahie| nirdoSa caritra hI vAstava meM saccA jIvana hai (jIvita cArU caritramuktamsubhASita ratna saMdoha), jo samyak caritra vAlA hotA hai, vahI guNajJa hotA hai (yasyAsti caritramasau guNajJaH-parva kathA, mauna ekaadshii)| mana, vacana aura kAyA kI samasta parapIr3aka pApamaya pravRtti kA tyAga karanA hI caritra mAnA gayA hai (sarva sAvadhayogAnAM tyaagshccritr-missyte-yogshaastr)| caritragaThana se antarvirodha kama hoMge aura sahamati kA mArga bAdhArahita bnegaa| caritragaThana kA yaha lAbha bhI hogA ki usase manuSya ke mana meM saMvedanA kA aMkura jamegA, jo prema ke paudhe ke rUpa pallavita ho jaaegaa| sacce prema ke svarUpa ko bhI samajha leM ki prema avibhAjya hotA hai| prema ko mApA bhI nahIM jA sakatA hai ki yaha eka kA prema hai yA aneka kA prema haiN| prema meM sabako sarasa banAne kI kSamatA hai to apanA saba kucha de dene kI bhI kSamatA hotI hai| prema kisI dharma se bhI AvRtta nahIM hotaa| prema apanI sarasatA meM sabako sarAbora kara sakatA hai-yahI kAraNa hai ki samatA sthApanA se saMvedanA aura sahayoga kA jo vRkSa lagegA, usakA phala prema hI hogaa| prema saba kucha hotA hai aura prema meM saba kucha samA jAtA hai| prema kI vyApakatA va vizAlatA asIma hotI hai-'DhAI akSara prema ke jo par3he so paMDita hoii|' bahuAyAmI samatA kA lakSya rahe jIvana meM atha se iti taka : jIvana kI sArthakatA ko yadi kisI eka guNa se tolanA ho to vaha hogI samatA kI saadhnaa| samatA ko samAnatA mAne yA samatva athavA samatva yoga kI saMjJA deM-mUla meM saba eka haiN| jisane apane 468

Page #573
zoSaNa aura utpIr3ana miTe binA prema kahAM? prema binA samatA kaisI? jIvana meM samatA ko apanA lakSya banA liyA tathA jIvana ke atha (AraMbha) se iti (samApti) taka usI lakSya kA anusaraNa kiyA to nissandeha usakA jIvana dhanya ho jaaegaa| samatA saMkucita hotI bhI nahIM hai tathA use saMkucita dAyaroM meM kaida karane kI koziza bhI nahIM kI jAnI caahie| samatA sabake lie hotI hai aura yadi sabake lie na ho to vaha samatA hI kaisI? samatA hI vaha kar3I hai jo mAnava-mAnava ke bIca bhAvAtmaka ekatA sthApita kara sakatI hai| samabhAva se jaba hRdaya Alokita ho jAtA hai to vahAM koI viSamatA zeSa nahIM rahatI aura samUcI vyavasthA samatA para AdhArita banA dI jAtI hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kA svara pukAratA rahA hai-are manuSya! terA Ananda svayaM ke sukha bhoga meM nahIM hai, svayaM kI icchApUrti meM hI terI paritRpti nahIM hai, balki dUsaroM ke sukha meM hI terA Ananda chipA huA hai| dUsaroM kI paritRpti meM hI terI paritRpti hai| tere pAsa jo dhana hai, sampatti hai, buddhi hai-vaha saba kisa lie hai? tere pAsa jo jJAna-vijJAna kI upalabdhi hai, usakA hetu kyA hai? kyA yaha saba kucha svayaM kI suvidhA ke lie hI hai? apane sukhabhoga ke lie to eka pazu bhI apanI zakti kA prayoga karatA hai-apanI kalAbAjI se khuda kI rakSA karatA hai, icchApUrti karatA hai| phira pazutA aura manuSyatA meM antara kyA hai? manuSya kA vAstavika Ananda svayaM ke sukhabhoga meM nahIM, balki dUsaroM ko arpaNa karane meM hai| manuSya ke apane pAsa jo upalabdhi hai vaha apane baMdhu ke lie hai, par3ausI ke lie hai, samAja, rASTra aura vizva ke lie hai| yahI saccI manuSyatA hai aura yahI samatA sAdhanA hai| 469

Page #574
samUcI samasyAoM kA hala hogA manuSya kI cAla va usake calana se Adarza caritra hI mahApuruSa kI pahacAna bhagavAn mahAvIra vihAra karate hue anAyAsa hI usa vana "pradeza meM praviSTha ho gae, jahAM viSadhara nAga caMDakauzika kA utpAta cala rahA thaa| usa vana pradeza ke Asa pAsa ke aneka grAma caMDakauzika ke viSa ke prabhAva kSetra meM Ate the| jisa ora bhI vaha viSadhara nAga phukAra mAratA thA, viSa kI nIlI jvAlAeM nikalatI, jo kaI yojanoM taka phaila jaatii| unakI capeTa meM jo bhI manuSya, pazu, pakSI Adi jIva AtA, use apane prANoM se hAtha dhonA pdd'taa| mahAvIra ke samakSa bhI vaha samasyA AI, kintu ve nirbhayatApUrvaka caMDakauzika kI bAMbI taka cale ge| nAga ke krodha kA pAra nahIM thA vaha jora-jora se phukAre mArane lagA, para saba mahAvIra para beasr| caMDakauzika cauMkA, kintu krodhita adhika huaa| vaha Age bar3hA aura usane dhyAnastha mahAvIra ke caraNoM ko Dasa liyaa| kintu yaha kyA? caraNoM se rakta to bahA para vaha lAla nahIM, sapheda thA aura dUdha se bhI kaI ganA mdhr| caMDakauzika usa alaukika svAda se cakita ho uThA-isalie bhI ki usakA krodha pUrI taraha zAnta ho gayA thA aura vaha pazcAttApa kI AtmAlocaka bhAvadhArA meM baha calA thaa| mahAvIra ne usa samaya apane netra khole aura 470

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samUcI samasyAoM kA hala hogA manuSya kI cAla va usake calana se 36

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samUcI samasyAoM kA hala hogA manuSya kI cAla va usake calana se use bodha diyA ina zabdoM ke sAtha ki prabodha pAo, jAgo, jAgate kyoM nahIM ho? (saMbujjhaha, kiM na bujjhaha?) phira caMDakauzika aisA jAgA ki saba kucha badala gyaa| vaha prAyazcitta kI avasthA meM calA gayA-phana bAMbI meM DAla diyA aura bAkI zarIra baahr| Ate jAte loga use dekhate to kaI kahate-isane mere amuka saMbaMdhI ko mAra diyA thA aura ve lAThiyoM, pattharoM se usake zarIra ko mAratepITate tathA kSata-vikSata karate aura kucha aise bhI the jo usake camatkAra ke lie dUdha Adi se usakI pUjA krte| parantu aba purAnA caMDakauzika kahAM rahA thA-vaha to sahanazIla aura samabhAvI bana gayA thA-coTa aura pUjA donoM eka-sI ho gaI thI usake lie| baladeva zrI rAma kA samabhAva anupama thA-ve to maryAdA puruSottama the| caudaha varSoM ke vanavAsa ke daurAna jaba zrI rAma, sItA va lakSmaNa pada vihAra kara rahe the taba zabarI bhIlanI ne unakI rAha roka kara apanI kuTiyA para calane kA AmaMtraNa diyaa| zrI rAma eka kSatriya rAjakumAra aura zabarI zUdra varNa kI aspRzya bhiilnii| zrI rAma ke sivAya zabarI ke sadAzaya ko kauna pahacAnatA? ve usakI kuTiyA para pahuMca gae aura zabarI dvArA die bera khAne lge| unheM jJAta ho gayA thA ki ve sAre bera zabarI ke jUThe the, phira bhI binA jhijhaka ve svAda le lekara bera khAte rahe / zabarI ne isa sadAzaya se eka-eka bera apane maMha se kATa kara cakhA thA ki bhagavAna ko kahIM khar3A bera na khAnA pdde| jahAM sadAzaya. vahAM smtaa| maryAdAoM ke to pratIka the zrI raam| bhagavAn buddha eka bAra apanI ziSya maMDalI ke sAtha eka grAma se dUsare grAma kI ora vihAra kara rahe the| mArga meM dUra se sabako dikhAI diyA ki eka mare hue kutte kA zarIra burI taraha se sar3a rahA hai aura usakI durgaMdha dUra taka bhI asahanIya pratIta ho rhii| vihAra meM koI rukA nahIM, kintu adhikAMza bhikSuoM ne cIvara vastra se apane nAka-muMha Dhaka lie| buddha saba dekha rahe the, para kucha bole nhiiN| jaba saba kutte kI lAza ke pAsa se gujara rahe the taba buddha usa sthAna para rUke aura bhikSuoM ko saMbodhita karate hue unhoMne itanA hI kahA-'dekho, isa kutte kI lAza ke dAMta kitane ujale aura sundara haiM?' tabhI eka bhikSu ne pUchA-'bhante! Apane dAMta kI bAta kahI, para durgaMdha kI bAta kyoM nahIM kahI?' buddha ne zAnta bhAva se batAyA-'hameM vahI dekhanA, sunanA aura lenA cAhie jo grAhya ho, agrAhya kA dhyAna bhI kyoM Ave?' zubha ke sAtha azubha bhI dikhatA hai, parantu azubha ke prati ghRNA yA jugupsA kA bhAva nahIM AnA caahie| mahAtmA gAMdhI ke pAsa eka bAra eka vyakti pahuMcA aura kahane lagA-'bApU! eka vyakti ne mere gAla para eka cAMTA mAra diyA, usake lie maiM kyA karUM-yaha Apase pUchane ke lie AyA huuN|' gAMdhI jI ne muskurAte hue uttara diyA-'jAo aura usake sAmane apanA dUsarA gAla bhI kara do|' vaha vyakti uchala par3A-kyA kahate haiM bApU?' eka to usane mere eka gAla para cAMTA mArane kI nIcatA kI aura Apa usake sAmane apanA dUsarA gAla bhI karane kI sIkha de rahe haiM ki vaha dUsare gAla para bhI eka 471

Page #578
sucaritram cAMTA aura jar3a de| bApU haMse, bole-'phira tuma kyA karanA cAhoge?' vaha roSa sahita bolA-'eka hI jagaha usake do cAMTeM mAranA cAhatA huuN|' taba bApU ne samajhAyA-'tuma do mAroge, vaha cAra mAregA aura mArane kA krama kyA kabhI TUTegA?' zarIra bala se zarIra bala nahIM jhukatA, vaha jhukatA hai Atmabala se| jaba tuma usake sAmane dUsarA gAla bhI kara doge to vaha lajjita hogaa| phira cAMTA mArane ke lie zAyada usakA hAtha na utthe| yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki usakA hRdaya badala jAe aura vaha tuma se apanI galatI ke lie mAphI mAMga le| eka saMyamI sAdhaka muni eka nagara ke mukhzaya patha se nikala rahe the tabhI eka dukAnadAra ne unheM rokA aura abhadratA dikhAte hue una para apazabdoM tathA gAliyoM kI bauchAra karane lgaa| muni khar3e ho gae aura taba taka mauna khar3e rahe, jaba taka vaha bolatA rhaa| binA uttara ke jaba dukAnadAra thaka gayA to cupa ho gyaa| phira muni bole-'bhAI! kyA tumhArI dukAna (dila) meM yahI saba kucha mAla thA? kintu isa mAla kI mujhe kataI jarUrata nahIM hai so ise maiM tumhAre pAsa hI chor3a kara jA rahA huuN| kSamA karanA, grAhya nahIM hone se maiM kucha bhI grahaNa nahIM kara skaa|' zAnta aura sarala bhAva se muni cale gae aura dukAnadAra bhauMcakkA-sA dekhatA hI raha gyaa| ___ ye haiM kucha udAharaNa, jo sabake lie mananIya haiN| ina udAharaNoM se mahApuruSoM dvArA Acarita AdarzoM kA jo paricaya milatA hai, vastutaH vahI mananIya hai| caritra sampannatA mananIya hai| mahAjanoM ne mArga banAyA, calAyA, hara yuga meM mahAjana hote haiM : ___ eka nIti vAkya hai-'mahAjano yena gataH sa paMthaH' arthAt mahAjana (mahApuruSa) jidhara hokara gae, vahI jana-jana ke lie mArga bana jAtA hai| mahApuruSa jina AdarzoM ko apane jIvana meM Acarita karate haiM aura unase jo udAharaNa sabake sAmane Ate haiM, ve sabhI ke lie preraNA ke srota hote haiN| aise mahApuruSoM kA samagra jIvana hI AcaraNa kI Aga meM tape hue zuddha svarNa ke samAna hotA hai, jo bhaviSya ke lie mArga bana jAtA hai| ve apane anubhavoM se prApta jJAna kA jaba prakAza bikherate haiM to usa prakAza meM vaha mArga sabako sApha-sApha dikhAI detA hai| usa mArga ko unnati kA mArga mAna kara jana-jana usakA anusaraNa karane ke lie agragAmI hote haiN| __ pratyeka yuga meM aise 'mahAjana' hote haiM, jo mArga banAte haiM aura anuyAyI usakA anusaraNa karake usa mArga ko calAte haiM yAnI ki usa mArga kA pracalana bar3hatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM ise isa prakAra kahie ki 'vikasita' manuSya apanI cAla batAte haiM aura 'vikAsazIla' manuSya usakA calana bar3hAte haiN| isa prakAra cAla calana banatA hai yAnI ki sabake lie caritra kA gaThana hotA hai| jo manuSya ko mahAjana banAtA hai, vaha vikAsa kaisA hai, jo usa mahAjana ke pIche anaginata pAMvoM ko calane kI preraNA detA hai? aura isa vikAsa kA krama calA kaise? samuccaya meM kaheM to yaha vikAsa dharma hai| dharma pravartita hotA hai aura anukRta hotA hai, lekina taba jaba use koI mahAjana mile| ye mahAjana dharma kA svarUpa batAte haiM aura usake anupAlana kA upadeza dete haiN| usa samaya ke aneka mahAjanoM dvArA varNita dharma svarUpa 472

Page #579
samUcI samasyAoM kA hala hogA manuSya kI cAla va usake calana se meM adhikAMzataH ekarUpatA hotI thii| vaha ekarUpatA prabhAva DAlatI thii| yaha ekarUpatA isa siddhAnta ko lekara hotI thI ki vyakti kA 'sva' taba dhanya hotA hai jaba vaha zeSa virAT meM laya ho jaae| dharma yaha to sikhAveM hI, balki yaha bhI kare ki usa virATa ko sImAoM meM bAMdhA bhI jaae| yahI vikAsa kA antima chora mAnA gyaa| vaijJAnika avadhAraNA ke anusAra isa vikAsa ke cAra mUla tattva mAne gae 1. AstikatA : vikAsa yA dharma kA pahalA caraNa thA ki Adima manuSya prakRti se camatkRta huA aura vaha mukhya vastuoM ko devatA mAnane lgaa| usakA jJAna alpa thA so unameM vizvAsa bhI karane lagA, unheM pUjane bhI lgaa| yoM mAnasika rUpa se AstikatA kA janma huaa| ___ 2. ahaM : dUsarA caraNa jaba zurU huA jaba usakA jJAna bar3hA, anubhava bar3hA aura usameM 'maiM pana' jaagaa| vyaktitva ahaM ke sAtha samUha kA bhI aMha hotA hai aura vahI ahaM rASTravAda, pUMjIvAda yA samAjavAda ke rUpa meM sAmane aayaa| jaisA bhI aMha ho, vaha sadA niSedhAtmaka aura haThavAdI hotA hai| ahaM aMza hai aura zeSa pUrNa astitv| ahaM aura zeSa milakara vizva yA dharma kI samagratA kA mAna dilAte haiN| 3. parasparatA : tIsarA caraNa zarU haA, jaba ahaM ne zeSa ke sAtha apane saMbaMdhoM kI samIkSA kii| ahaM ko lagA ki akele se saba kucha nahIM hotA hai| sva aura para milate haiM tabhI koI vyavasthA calatI hai| yoM parasparatA athavA anyonyAzritatA kA bhAna huaa| yaha sAmAjikatA kA prAraMbha hai| 4. ahiMsA : sAmAjikatA kA vikAsa ahiMsA ke rUpa meM prasphuTita huA ki usakA nirvAha hiMsA, ghRNA yA vaira ke bala para nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| saccA vikAsa ahiMsA kI zakti se hI saMbhava ho sakatA hai| caritrazIlatA kI unnati ho, sabake kadama sadbhAvanA aura samatA kI ora bar3heM aura sAre vizva meM prema kA sAmrAjya sthApita ho jAe-Aja isa sAdhya kI dizA meM gati karane kI kriyAzIlatA jAgane lagI hai| isa vaijJAnika avadhAraNA ke uparAnta bhI saMskRti evaM sabhyatA ke vikAsa ko dekhate hue yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki manuSya ne jitanA apanA pAzavika svabhAva (hiMsA Adi kA AcaraNa) chor3A hai aura mAnavIya svabhAva (ahiMsA evaM saMbaMdhita cAritrika guNa) ko apanAyA hai, utanI hI usakI saMskRti aura sabhyatA unnata hotI gaI hai| dharma kI isameM pradhAna bhUmikA rahI hai| isa vizleSaNa kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki dharma cakra ke pravarttana, manuSyatA ke nirmANa yA sAmAjikatA ke vikAsa Adi meM ina mahAjanoM arthAt mahApuruSoM kA racanAtmaka yogadAna rahA hai| unake samaya meM jana-jana meM nayA utsAha jAgA hai tathA nayA-nayA kRtitva prakaTa huA hai| kintu aneka kAraNoM se jana-jana meM zithilatA aura niSkriyatA bhI AtI rahI hai aura aise meM naye-naye mahAjana vizva paTala para Ate rahe haiM aura dharma tathA vikAsa ko nayA kriyAtmaka svarUpa pradAna karate rahe haiN| yaha nizcaya mAne ki nayA mahApuruSa kahIM se avatarita nahIM hotA hai, apitu puruSoM ke bIca meM se hI eka yA kucha puruSa Age Ate haiM aura apane jJAna, anubhava tathA balidAna kI zakti se dharma ke svarUpa ko nikhArate haiM, caritrazIlatA ko naye AyAma dete haiM tathA soye hue jana-mana ko sarvAMgINa pragati ke lie tatpara banAte haiN| ye kArya unheM mahAnatA kA sammAna dete haiN| yaha jana-sammAna hotA hai, taba puruSa mahApuruSa bana 473

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sucaritram jAtA hai| kisI eka yuga kI bAta nahIM, pratyeka yuga meM puruSa kA nirmANa hotA hai, mahApuruSa banatA hai, vaha mArga banAtA hai aura naye utsAha ke sAtha puna: jana-jana usa mArga para cala par3atA hai| mahApuruSa dvArA cAla batAnA aura usa para cala kara puruSoM dvArA usa cAla kA calana bar3hAnA, yaha vikRtiyoM evaM viSamatAoM se upaje patana ke bAda avazya ghaTita hotA hai| abhiprAya yaha ki mahAjana pratyeka yuga meM svataMtratA tathA mukti kI ora jAte hue patha banAte haiM aura vizva usa patha kA pracalana karatA hai tAki sAmAnya jana saralatApUrvaka usa patha para calakara unnati kI sAdhanA kara ske| ___ vartamAna yuga meM sabhI ora kitanA bhI patana ho gayA ho yA ho rahA ho, nirAzA yA kuMThA kA bhAva kabhI nahIM AnA cAhie aura prabuddha puruSoM ko caritra nirmANa, suvyavasthA sthApanA tathA sarvAMgINa unnati ke lie utsAhapUrvaka prayatna karane se hicakicAnA nahIM cAhie kyoMki mahApuruSatva unhIM meM chipA huA hai| caritra nirmANa nahIM hogA to kahAM se Aaige naye manuSya aura mahAjana : ___Adhunika yuga kI yaha sabase bar3I viDambanA kahI jAegI ki vikAsa kA kSetra ho yA vijJAna kA kSetra, zAsana-prazAsana kI bAta ho yA zikSaNa-prazikSaNa kI, sarvatra paryApta vikAsa huA hai aura vijJAna ne to surakhAba ke paMkha lagA lie, lekina nahIM huA to vahI jo ina sabase Upara sabase bar3A kAma thaa| udyoga lage aura vibhinna utpAdanoM meM tejI aura bahulatA aaii| bar3e-bar3e bAMdha bane aura anAja Adi kRSi utpAda pracuratA meM paidA kie jAne lge| yoM bhautika kSetroM meM vijJAna dvArA nirmita sukha suvidhA ke upakaraNoM kI anaginata kismeM sAmane aaii| bAhara ke dehasukha-sAdhanoM kI bAr3ha-sI A gaI lekina eka hakIkata para dhyAna nahIM gayA so aba taka bhI racanAtmaka rUpa se nahIM jA rahA hai| kyA hai vaha kAma aura bar3I bAta? yaha kAma aura bAta hai-mAnava caritra kA nirmaann| dUdha ke bhare hue kar3Aha meM yadi nIMba kA rasa DAla diyA jAe to kyA dadha phaTane se bacegA? sArA bAhara kA vikAsa ho aura bhItara purI taraha pichar3A ho to kyA hogA pariNAma? vahI jo Aja saba ora dekhA jA rahA hai| sAre vikAsa kA cAka-cAka kara rahI hai manuSya kI critrhiintaa| __jaba taka manuSya kA caritra nirmANa nahIM hotA hai yAnI ki bhAvanAtmaka, guNAtmaka evaM mUlyAtmaka rUpa se naye mAnava kA nirmANa nahIM hotA hai taba taka kaise apekSA kI jA sakatI hai ki caritrahIna manaSya sArI vyavasthA ko sArvajanika hita kI daSTi se calAve? kAraNa usake pAsa sArvajanika hita kI na to dRSTi hotI hai aura na hI kArya kI icchAzakti / caritra ke abhAva meM usakI azubha vRttiyA~ tAkatavara banI rahatI haiM aura unake asara se manuSya kI pravRttiyA~ bhI adhikAMza rUpa se svArthoM, vikRtiyoM tathA viSamatAoM se ghirI raha kara azubhatA ko hI ukasAtI haiN| eka sAmAjika kAryakartA ne bhArata kI sthiti para bar3I mArmika bAta kahI ki '1947 meM AdhI rAta ko deza kI svataMtratA kI ghoSaNA huI, lekina viDambanA hai ki AdhI zatAbdI se Upara samaya bIta jAne para bhI usa AdhI rAta kA prabhAta aba taka nahIM AyA hai|' kyA hai isa kathana kA nicor3a? yahI ki mAnava caritra kI unnati nahIM hone ke kAraNa vikAsa ke sAre pragati kAraka AMkaDoM ke bAvajUda deza kA sahI vikAsa rattI bhara bhI nahIM huA hai| gaganacumbI imArateM bana jAne ke bAda bhI gaMdI bastiyoM (slamsa) kI saMkhyA sabhI 474

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samUcI samasyAoM kA hala hogA manuSya kI cAla va usake calana se mahAnagaroM meM khAsa taura se bar3hatI hI jA rahI hai| gaMdI bastiyoM kI jhoMpar3iyoM kA badahAla dekhakara koI bhI mAnava premI khUna ke AMsU hI pI sakatA hai ki jAnavaroM se bhI badatara hAlAta meM kaise rahate hoMge ye mAnava nAmadhArI jIva? phira deza meM mAnava-mAnava ke bIca bhedabhAva kA jahara miTane kI bajAya jyAdA hI phailA hai aura sarvatra manuSyatva kI avahelanA hotI hai| aspRzyatA ke kITANu maujUda haiM to mAnA prakAra ke bhedoM ke AdhAra para mAnavIya upekSA bar3hI hai| Aja manuSya hI manuSya se bhayabhIta hai, manuSya kA hI manuSya para vizvAsa nahIM hai aura manuSya hI manuSya ke viruddha SaDyaMtra racatA hai, to kahA kyoM na jAya ki manuSyatA kI roja hatyA hotI hai? to vicAra aura cintA kI bAta yahI hai ki Aja kA manuSya kahAM para khar3A hai? jahAM yA jisa stara para Aja vaha khar3A hai, kyA vaha vAstavika vikAsa kA mArga hai athavA kyA usakI dizA dRSTi bhI vikAsa patha kI ora hai? isa kA uttara apane-apane diloM se pUchanA hI ucita rhegaa| jo loga bhautika vikAsa ke TIloM para khar3e haiM, ve bhAMti-bhAMti kI dhUrta-cAloM se apanI sattA-sampatti ko bacAne kI ceSTAeM karate rahate haiM, kintu abhAvoM meM jI rahI bahusaMkhyA ko apanI durAvasthA kA na bhAna hai, na hoza hai-joza kI bAta to dUra rhii| matalaba yaha ki eka varga dhana kI bahutAyata se caritrahIna bana rahA hai to dUsarA varga abhAvagrastatA meM apane caritra ko nahIM bacA pA rahA hai yAnI ki saba ora caritrahInatA kA Alama hai| isase yaha na samajhA jAe ki lambe caur3e registAna meM sirpha reta hI reta hai aura hare bhare bhUkhaMDa (oesisa) nahIM hai| Aja bhI santa mahAtmA caritraniSTha puruSa tathA utsAhI kAryakartA caritra nirmANa ke kSetra meM athaka rUpa se kArya kara rahe haiM tathA unake supariNAma bhI sAmane A rahe haiN| tathApi caritra nirmANa evaM vikAsa kI dRSTi se bahuta kucha karanA bAkI hai| vyakti ke jIvana se lekara vizva saMcAlana taka kI sabhI vyavasthAoM meM jo aniyamitatA aura avaidhatA ghusa AI hai usako dUra karane ke lie eka ora vyavasthA ko paTarI para lAnA hai to dUsarI ora naye mAnava kA nirmANa bhI karanA hai| mAnava meM nayApana kevala caritra nirmANa tathA sudhAra se hI A sakatA hai aura isa kAraNa yuddha stara para caritrazIlatA utpanna karane ke kaThina prayAsa AraMbha kie jAne caahie| paramparAoM, saMskRti tathA mAnavIya mUlyoM ke kSetroM meM phira se zuddhatA aura zubhatA paripUrNa bane-isake lie purAnI pIr3hI ko apane jIvana vyavahAra meM acchA badalAva lAnA hogA, jisase naI pIr3hI prabhAvita ho aura zreSThatAoM kA varaNa karane ke lie tatpara bne| isake lie donoM pIr3hiyoM ke bIca pragAr3ha samparka, vicAra-vinimaya tathA carcA-vicarcA kI AvazyakatA hogii| yadi saccAI se sahI saMbaMdha banAe gae to svataMtratA, AtmavizvAsa evaM Atmazakti kA aisA bhavya udbhava hogA ki sadiyoM kA kArya varSoM meM sampanna ho sakatA hai| naI pIr3hI ko jaba Upara se sneha milegA to vaha apane Apako anuzAsita bhI banA legii| aba phira se samaya A gayA hai ki bhAratIya saMyukta parivAra kI paramparA ko bhI phira se nayA jIvana diyA jAe jisase caritrazIlatA puSTa ho evaM vyakti, parivAra, rASTra, samAja evaM vizva bhara ke parivartana kA cakra tejI se ghuume| Aja jitanI caritrahInatA hai, usase bhI adhika mAtrA meM caritrazIlatA kI cAha jAganI caahie| caritraniSThA kI prAbhAvikatA ke saMbaMdha meM mahApuruSoM ke mArmika kathana haiM-jo samyak caritra kI 475

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sucaritram 476 paripAlanA nirdoSa rIti se kiyA karate haiM, aise dharma zUra mahApuruSa hI mukti mArga ke sacce pathika hote haiM ( saccAritra samAyuktAH zUrAH mokSapathe sthitAH- tatvAmRta ) / saccAritratA kA AcaraNa karake hI apane kula ko pavitra banAo (kulaM pavitrIkurU saccAritrataH - upadeza graMtha mAlA) / pavitra caritra vAle mahApuruSa binA AbhUSaNoM ke bhI atyanta saundaryazIla dikhAI dete haiM (nirastabhUSo'pi yathA vibhAti pavitra cAritra vibhUSitAtmA - subhASita ratna saMdoha ) / jaba puruSa kA kaSAya zAnta ho jAtA hai tabhI vaha pavitra caritra ko prApta kara sakatA hai (yadA kaSAyaH zamameti puMsastadA caritraM punareti pUtam - subhASita ratna saMdoha ) / zarIradhAriyoM kI sarvatra rakSA karane vAlA mahAmaMtra caritra hI hai (saMyamo hi mahAmaMtrastrAtA sarvatra dehinaH - tatvAmRta ) / samyak caritra ke abhAva meM dayA, dAna Adi saba niSphala hote haiM - aisA jAnakara mahApuruSa samyak caritra meM yatnazIla hote haiM (vyarthAzcaritreNa vinA bhavanti jJAtveha santazcarite yatante subhASita ratna saMdoha ) / aba caritra ko caritra kaheM, saMyama kaheM yA dharma kaheM - saba eka hI bAta hai aura isa bAta ke bane binA nayA manuSya nahIM bana sakegA aura ye manuSyoM ke samUha nahIM hoMge to unameM se mahAjana kahAM se prakaTa hoMge? caritrazIlatA ke binA mahAnatA astitva meM nahIM AtI hai - yaha sthApita satya hai / Aja ke manuSya ko bhI naye caritra ke sAtha apanI naI cAla banAnI hogI : nayApana sabako bhAtA hai| cAhe pratidina rAta AtI hai, vaha bItatI hai aura prabhAta kA udaya hotA hai, phira bhI pratyeka nava prabhAta pUrI duniyA meM naI halacala, naI umaMga, naI karmaniSThA ko avazya jagAtA hai / vaha kitanA sthAyitva pAtI hai - yaha kaI kAraNoM para nirbhara karatA hai| naye varSa kA bharapUra utsAha se svAgata kiyA jAtA hai to kisI bhI naI zubha - sukhada ghaTanA ko samArohapUrvaka manAte haiN| kisI bhI kSetra meM nayApana saba pasanda karate haiM, kintu phira bhI yaha avasthA kyoM hai ki manuSya svayaM nayA banane ke lie utsAhita nahIM hai aura sarvatra naye pana ko sthAyI banAne ke prayAsa nahIM karatA hai? yaha mAtra ajJAna hai| jaise aMdhere meM jaba rAstA bilkula nahIM dikhAI detA hai to koI baliSTha vyakti bhI calanA banda karake baiTha jAtA hai, usI prakAra Aja bahusaMkhyaka loga ajJAna ke vazIbhUta hokara na apane astitva ko pahacAnate haiM aura na hI apanI karmazakti ko jAnate haiN| eka bAra jo unheM sote se uThA diyA jAe, unake caritra meM preraNA bhara dI jAe, cAroM ora kI kaThina paristhitiyoM meM usako usakI icchAzakti se paricita karA diyA jAe to koI sandeha nahIM ki Aja kA pichar3A dabA mAnava bhI krAnti kI karavaTa le, avazya uTha khar3A hogA phira use Adarza netRtva cAhie vaha kahIM rukegA nahIM / manuSya abodha hai, usakI manuSyatA lupta nahIM hai- kevala use thapathapAkara jagAne kI jarUrata hai| use samajhAne kI jarUrata hai ki jJAna kA kaisA prakAza use cAhie aura caritra kA kaisA prabhAva vaha ve / isake lie Aja ke manuSya yA Age Ane vAle mahAjana ko nayA mArga racane ke lie apanI khuda kI eka naI cAla banAnI hI hogI tAki vaha naye calana ke rUpa meM sarvatra pracalita ho jAve / ise cAla-calana kA rahasya maanie| naI cAla kyA upAdeya rahe aura kyA heya, ise vartamAna paristhitiyoM ke saMdarbha meM apane soca vicAra se nirNita kiijie| isameM koI vivAda nahIM ki prAcInakAlIna sAhitya meM isase saMbaMdhita bharapUra sAmagrI hai aura usakA pUrA sadupayoga kiyA jAnA cAhie kintu

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samUcI samasyAoM kA hala hogA manuSya kI cAla va usake calana se vartamAna vicAroM ke prati bhI vaisI hI grahaNazIlatA rakhI jAe tAki naye-purAne kA zreSTha sammizraNa taiyAra ho ske| kisI bhI tarapha kA Agraha na ho, acche-acche kA cayana ho aura eka samanvita evaM vyAvahArika kAryapraNAlI kA nirdhAraNa ho jaae| na saba nayA ho aura na saba purAnA balki saba acchA purAnA bhI ho aura saba acchA nayA bhI ho, lekina cAla jo taiyAra ho vaha naI ho, saba ko apanI ora khIMce tathA mAnava-caritra kA nava vikAsa kre| caritra ke binA manuSya kA navanirmANa nahIM, saMyama ke binA caritra nahIM aura dharma ke binA saMyama nahIM yAnI ki mUla Akara mAnava dharma para hI TikatA hai, jahAM mUlyoM kA mAna hai, guNoM kI garimA ho tathA AcaraNa kA AdhAra ho| isI saMdarbha meM eka AcAra saMhitA jaisI jIvanazailI kA pravartana, prabhAva aura prasAra anivArya hai| isa bindu para pahale kAphI carcA ho cukI hai, ataH yahAM saMkSepa meM usakI rUparekhA ke vicAra se hI kucha carcA kreN| pahale hiMsA kI raudratA ko smjheN| prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra (11) meM kahA hai-kucha loga prayojana se hiMsA karate haiM aura kucha binA prayojana ke| kucha krodha se, kucha lobhavaza aura kucha ajJAna se hiMsA karate haiN| parantu hiMsA ke kaTu pariNAmoM ko bhoge binA chuTakArA nahIM hotA hai| hiMsA arthAt prANavadha (dasa prANoM meM kisI eka yA adhika prANa ko AghAta pahuMcAnA) caMDa hai, raudra hai, kSudra hai, anArya hai, karuNA rahita hai, krUra hai aura mahAbhayaMkara hai (aTThA haNaMti, aNNaTThA haNaMti, kuddhA haNaMti, luddhA haNaMti, muddhA haNaMti, na ya avedayitA, asthi hu mokkho, pANavaho caMDo, ruddo, khuddo, aNAriyo, nigghiNo, nisaMso, mahAbbhayo-prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra ) / hiMsA ke pariprekSya meM ahiMsAtmaka racanA kI upAdeyatA ko smjheN| ahiMsA meM vaha acUka zakti hai, vaha asIma sAmarthya hai jo hiMsA kI kaisI bhI Aga ho use zAnta kara sakatA hai| hiMsA kI karAla kAlAgni se sArI mAnavatA saMtrasta hai, jisakI surakSA ahiMsA rUpI varSA se hI ho sakatI hai| ahiMsA vaha parama tattva hai jisameM jIva mAtra ke prati samatA, sadbhAvanA evaM sadbuddhi kA saMcAra hotA hai| ahiMsA ke sArvabhauma sarvasiddha svarUpa ke sAmane hiMsA kI samagra gatividhiyAM svayaM nirasta va nissAra ho jAtI haiN| yaha bhagavatI svarUpA ahiMsA bhayabhItoM ke lie zaraNasthalI hai, vaicArika tucchatAoM meM phaMse huoM ke lie vicAroM kI vizAlatA kI jananI hai tathA viSamatAoM se grasta logoM ke lie samatA, mAnavatA, guNavattA Adi cAritrika guNoM kI ekAkI srota hai| yaha ahiMsA ekarUpA hI nahIM hai| jahAM isakA nakArAtmaka pakSa prANaghAta na karane kA hai, vahAM usase bhI adhika mahattvaparNa usakA sakArAtmaka pakSa hai ki prANoM kA rakSaNa evaM saMrakSaNa kiyA jaae| tadanasAra ahiMsA kI pIyaSavarSiNI vaha dhArA hai jisake saMsparza se samasta mAnava jAti apane caritra paTala para vizvazAnti. pArasparika prema. Atmavata maitrI ke zabhaga samana khilA sakatI hai aura yaddha. mahAyuddha, vizva yuddha taka se mukti pA sakatI hai| vastutaH ahiMsA mAnavIya cetanA kI AdhArazilA hai| kahA hai-saMsAra rUpI marusthala meM ahiMsA hI amRta kA jharanA hai, ahiMsA amRta hai, amRta varSiNI hai| (ahiMsaiva hi saMsAramarAvamRta saraNiH-AcArya hemacandra), ahiMsA saba prANiyoM ke lie amRta ke samAna hai (ahiMsAyA ca bhUtAnAtamtatthAya kalpate-manusmati), jIvoM ko sukha pradAna karane vAlI kauna hai? ahiMsA hai (kA svargadA prANabhUtAM? ahiNsaa-shNkraacaary)| yoM ahiMsA manuSya kI mUla 477

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sucaritram 478 prakRti hai, svAbhAvikatA hai, kyoMki hiMsA kI vikRti vaibhAvikatA se utpanna hotI hai| ahiMsA kA AcaraNa - patha ati vistRta hai| isakA sAmAjika rUpa hai acaurya vrata / jIvana meM arjana athavA nirvAha hetu kisI bhI rUpa meM corI ke kukarma se bacA jaae| corI kI bar3I bArIka vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| binA dI huI athavA binA AjJA ke tinakA taka lenA corI hai| Aja ke jaTila audyogika yuga meM zoSaNa, damana yA zramaharaNa jaise kArya bhI corI meM hI Ate haiN| ataH jo sampUrNa naitikatA ke sAtha hI arjana karatA hai usI se apanA nirvAha calAtA hai vahI corI ke kukarma se baca sakatA hai| cauryakarma ke mukhya cAra kAraNa mAne gae haiM 1. lAbha kI aMdhI lAlasA : pahale lAgata jitanA hI lAbha lene kI paripATI thI, phira bhAvoM ke kRtrima utAra car3hAva se bhArI lAbha kamAne kI pravRtti calI aura aba to kaise bhI ho- aparAdha karake, anaitikatA karake yA mAnava rakta ko cUsa kara bhI lAbha kamAne kI aMdhI lAlasA cala par3I hai| isase dhanI adhika dhanI aura garIba adhika garIba hotA gayA hai| 2. garIbI yA bekArI kI vivazatA : dhanAbhAva meM apanI Avazyaka jarUrateM bhI pUrI nahIM hone ke kAraNa athavA kusaMskAroM se vRtti bigar3a jAne ke kAraNa nAnA prakAra se caurya karma hotA hai| samAja kI zAnti isa kAraNa bhaMga hotI rahatI hai aura kabhI arAjakatA bhI phaila jAtI hai| 3. phijUlakharcI : samAja sudhAroM ke abhAva meM athavA apane dhana kA ADambara dikhAne ke lie vivAha Adi samArohoM meM bhArI phijUlakharcI kI jAtI hai / yaha sAmAjika kuprathAoM tathA durvyasanoM 'sevana se bhI hotI hai / 4. yaza kIrti kI kAmanA : kIrti yAnI nAmavarI ke lie kavi yA lekhaka dUsaroM kI racanAeM curA kara apanA nAma karate haiM, vyApArI dUsaroM kA dhana - mAla ur3Ate haiM to sAdhu saMta bhI patita hokara apane guruoM ke nAma se logoM ko Thagate haiM aura apanI pUjA karavAte haiN| ahiMsA kA Arthika prayoga bhI kama mahattva kA nahIM hai| saMvibhAga evaM maryAdAoM kA mArga dikhAtI huI hiMsA samAja meM sabhI padArthoM kA vikendrIkaraNa karAtI hai jisase saMcaya kI pravRtti nahIM panapatI aura artha zarIra ke saba bhAgoM meM rakta saMcaraNa ke samAna samAja ke kisI bhI bhAga yA varga ko arthAbhAva meM nahIM rahane detI hai / icchA eka asIma antarikSa ke samAna hotI hai, jisakI koI paridhi yA parAkASThA nhiiN| yaha eka mRgatRSNA hai| artha aura padArtha kI aMdhI daur3a meM, hor3a meM mAnava apane zarIra, mana, vacana, vyavahAra tathA AtmA aura parivAra, samAja, rASTra ke sAtha kitanA anyAya kara rahA hai - isakA lekhA jokhA sabhI jAnate haiN| isa mazInI yuga meM mazIneM baMda nahIM ho sakatI aura na unase bacA jA sakatA hai, kintu mAnava apane jIvana ko mAtra mazIna banAne se to baca hI sakatA hai aura yaha bacAva karatI hai ahiMsA, apane isa sAmAjika svarUpa ke sAtha ki artha kA saMvibhAga karo aura padArtha kI maryAdA lo| isI svarUpa ko apanA kara upabhoktAvAda ko bhI sImita kiyA jA sakatA hai| kahA hai - jo kAmanAoM ke vazIbhUta rahatA hai vaha jIvana ko niSprANa banA letA hai kintu niSkAma vRtti vAlA puruSa sadA sukhI rahatA hai / icchA ke aneka nAma haiM- AzA, lAlasA, kAmanA, tRSNA Adi, jo vezyA

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samUcI samasyAoM kA hala hogA manuSya kI cAla va usake calana se kI taraha nita rUpa badalatI rahatI hai aura manuSya ko chalatI rahatI hai| aparigraha usake sthAna para viSamatA tathA svArthavRtti ke kITANuoM ko samApta karatA hai, varga saMgharSa ko miTAtA hai tathA manuSya nirbhayatA aura niHzaMkatA se sAhasI bana kara sarvatra sukha zAnti kI patAkA lekara sabakA netRtva karatA hai| ___ahiMsA anekAntavAda ke rUpa meM Dhalakara satya ke dvAra para pahuMcAtI hai| vaha vicAra saMgharSa ko miTAtI hai aura samanvaya ke mArga para manuSya ko Age le jAtI hai jahAM vaha sabake vicAroM meM se satyAMza cuna kara satya kA sAkSAtkAra karane ke lie agragAmI banatA hai| satya zAzvata hai, lokakalyANakArI hai aura Antarika saundarya kI abhivyakti evaM anubhUti hai| saMsAra meM sArabhUta satya hI hai-vaha samudra se adhika gaMbhIra, sumerU se adhika aDiga, candramaMDala se adhika saumya, sUryamaMDala se adhika dedIpyamAna, zaradkAlIna AkAza se adhika nirmala aura gaMdhamAdana parvata se adhika surabhita hai| kahA hai-jo zabda sajjanatA kA pAvana saMdeza detA hai, saujanya bhAva ko udbuddha karatA hai aura jo yathArtha vyavahAra kA punIta pratIka ho, vaha satya hai| dazavaikAlika sUtra kI cUrNi meM mRSAvAda ke cAra prakAra kahe haiM1. sadbhAva pratiSedha : sahI saMbaMdha ko nkaarnaa| 2. asadbhAva udbhAvanA : jo nahIM hai use kahanA ki vaha hai| 3. arthAntara : eka vastu jo hai usase use bhinna btaanaa| aura 4. gardA : pIr3aka zabda khnaa| . satyavAdI ina cAroM prakAroM se dUra rahatA hai| satya ke tIna lakSaNa haiM-1. kaThora va sAvadha bhASA kA tyAga, 2. madhura-mRdu-yathArtha zabdoM kA prayoga evaM 3. jaisA soce vaisA bole aura jaisA bole vaisA kre| mana satya se hI zuddha hotA hai (manaH satyena zuddhayati-manusmRti, 5-109) / satya kI ArAdhanA ke prakAra haiM1. satya vAk, 2. satya karma, 3. satya vicAra, 4. satya parizrama, 5. satya manana aura 6. satya aannd| ___ ahiMsA AdhyAtmikatA kI bhI jananI hai| usake hI garbha se brahmacarya utpanna hotA hai| yaha brahmacarya mAtra mithuna sevana se nivRtta honA hI nahIM hai, balki sarvocca svarUpa, brahma meM vicaraNa karanA athavA AtmA meM ramaNa karanA hai, jo AdhyAtmikatA kA zikhara kahA jA sakatA hai| zakti kI pratIka rUpa meM kI jAnI vAlI samasta sAdhanA brahmacarya ke binA niSphala hai| kyA jala kA vilor3ana karane se makkhana kI prApti ho sakatI hai? nhiiN| vaise hI binA brahmacarya kI upAsanA ke kisI bhI prakAra kI zakti kA sarjana, upArjana yA sampAdana nahIM ho sakatA hai| ananta Atmazakti ke srota ko anAvRtta karane kA eka hI sAdhana hai-brahmacarya, jo sarvatra aura sarvadA sthiratA kI upalabdhi pradAna karatA hai| brahmacarya kI tIna arthoM meM sAdhanA kI jAnI cAhie-1. vIrya rakSaNa. 2. Atma cintana evaM 3. vidyAdhyayana aura Atma rmnn| samagra vyavasthA evaM jIvanazailI kA samucita nirdhAraNa aisI vyApaka evaM vizad svarUpa vAlI ahiMsA ke mAdhyama se hI saMbhava ho sakatA hai| Aja mAnava-caritra ke navanirmANa ke sAtha ahiMsA ko hI apanI cAla banAne kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai| 479

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sucaritram taba usa cAla kA calana kaise ho-yaha bhI nizcita karanA hogA : __ cIna ke tAovAda ke mUlagrantha tAo-te-ciMga meM kahA gayA hai-'tuma namra bano to sadA pUrNa bane rahoge, tuma jhuka jAo to hamezA sIdhe raha sakoge, tuma khAlI ho jAo to roja bhare hueM rahoge aura tuma purAne pana ko pahane hue raho to sadA naye bane rhoge|' yaha caritra nirmANa kI buniyAdI bAta hai| caritra nirmANa kahe yA Atma-saMyama kA abhyAsa, karttavya niSThA kaheM yA dharmArAdhanA-sarvatra eka hI dhinA hai ki sadguNoM ko grahaNa karo, vyaktitva kI saphalatA kA varaNa karo aura loka kalyANa ke mArga para caraNa dhro| aisA mArga jo batAte haiM, ve mahAjana kahalAte haiM tathA mahAjana pratyeka yuga meM sadguNAdhArita AcaraNa ke dvArA sArvajanika 'cAla' (mArga) kA pratipAdana karate haiM aura usakA jaba 'calana' arthAt pracalana lokapriya hotA hai to vaha saba cAla-calana (kerekTara) kA AdhAra bana jAtA hai| vartamAna yuga meM kaisI cAla bane-isakI carcA Upara kI gaI hai jisakA sAra yaha hai ki Aja ke vizrRMkhala vizva tathA vibhramita vyakti ke jIvana meM santulana, samanvaya evaM zuddha-zubha jIvana kI STi tabhI kI jA sakatI hai jaba samUcI vyavasthA tathA vyakti kI caryA meM ahiMsaka jIvanazailI kA samAveza ho| yaha zailI hI Aja kI vibhinna vividhatAoM tathA viSamatAoM ke bIca sahanazIlatA evaM ekatA kI sthApanA kara sakatI hai, jise Aja 'bahumAnyatAvAda' (plUrijma) kahA jAtA hai| Aja isa ahiMsaka jIvanazailI ko apanAne ke alAvA anya koI prabhAvI upAya nahIM jo vyakti se lekara vizva taka meM jIvana nirmANa kA nayA adhyAya prArambha kara sakatI ho| to isa 'cAla' kA 'calana' kaise ho-isa nizcayIkaraNa ke lie isI grantha ke agale sAtaveM khaNDa meM pUre vistAra ke sAtha vicAra kiyA jAegA tathA vyAvahArika dRSTi se Ayojya abhiyAna Adi kI rUparekhA dI jaaegii| abhI yahAM to usa vyAvahArika yojanA ke saiddhAntika pakSa para hI saMkSipta meM carcA kI jA rahI hai| ahiMsaka jIvanazailI kI mUla dhAraNA yaha hai ki sabhI dharma, sabhI vAda aura sabhI vicAradhArAeM tathA yahAM taka pratyeka vyakti kI dhAraNAeM dhyAna meM lI jAnI cAhie, sasammAna unakI acchAIyoM ko ' sAmane lAnA cAhie tathA una sabake AdhAra para eka samanvita vicAra paripATI kA sUtrapAta kiyA jAnA caahie| 'merI hI mAnyatA, merA hI vizvAsa athavA merA hI dharma zreSThatam hai'-isa haThAgraha kA yaha zailI pUrNa virodha karatI hai| isa zailI kI yaha eka acchAI hI ekatA kA vAtAvaraNa raca sakatI hai kyoMki yaha sabako mahattvapUrNa mAnatI hai aura sabako vikAsa prakriyA meM sammilita karanA cAhatI hai| isa ahiMsA kA siddhAnta pakSa itanA sudRr3ha hai jo apanI surakSA meM pratyeka mAnava hI nahIM, jIva taka ko apane jIvana ke prati nizcinta banA sakatI hai| yadi mAnava ko kevala apane jIvana kI surakSA kI gAraMTI de dI jAe to kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI hai ki jIvana ke anyAnya kSetra meM kitanI sArthaka pragati vaha kara sakatA hai| digdha nikAya (bauddha dharma grantha) meM kahA hai-"yaha sRSTi cakra tumhArI (kisI kI) bapautI nahIM hai| tuma svayaM dUsaroM kA bhalA karo, jaisA ki maiMne kiyA to tuma bhI isa cakra ke niyantA bana sakate ho| dharma aura karttavya ke AdarzoM ke anusAra apanA AcaraNa banAo, jo tumhAre sAmane mahApuruSoM ne rakhA hai| tuma usa Adarza kA sammAna karoge, prasAra karoge tathA svayaM usakA pAlana karoge to tuma svayaM bhI usa Adarza ke dhvajavAhaka bana skoge| tuma bhI usa Adarza ke pratIka 480

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samUcI samasyAoM kA hala hogA manuSya kI cAla va usake calana se banoge aura vaha Adarza tumhArA prakAza stambha hogaa| taba tumheM usa Adarza kI sahI dekharekha, rakhavAlI aura surakSA karanI hogI (3/60-61 cakkavattI siMhanada sutnt)|" yaha cAla-calana mAnava mArga kA pratIka ho aura samUcI samasyAoM kA nirNAyaka : naye mAnava caritra ko protsAhita karane vAle isa cAla-calana se do apekSAeM haiM-eka to yaha aisA surakSA kavaca siddha ho jisase samUcI samasyAoM ke saMbaMdha meM samaya-samaya para samucita nirNaya liye jA sake tathA vyavasthA kI sucArUtA banI rahe tathA dUsarA yaha cAla-calana zuddha rUpa se mAnava-mArga kA pratIka honA cAhie jisakA Ane vAlI pIr3hiyAM nizcintatA pUrvaka anusaraNa kara ske| yaha cAlacalana sAre vizva kA cAla-calana bana jaae| ahiMsaka jIvanazailI kI mAnava mArga kI pratIkAtmakatA se saMbaMdhita kucha binduoM para vicAra kareM, jo sAmAnya rUpa se bAhya evaM Abhyantara-sabhI tattvoM ko apane meM sameTate haiM___ 1. apane Apako banAne kA mArga : Adhunika yuga meM sabase jyAdA upekSA isa mArga kI huI hai jabaki yaha kArya sabase pahale honA caahie| apane Apako banAne kA mArga hai| vyakti ke caritra nirmANa tathA vikAsa kA maarg| jisake hAtha khUna se bhare hue ho-usake hAthoM meM prANiyoM kI rakSA kA bhAra sauMpA jAegA to kyA hogA? rakSA kI jagaha hiMsA kA kSetra bar3ha jAegA aura khUna cAroM ora phaila jaaegaa| kyA mAnava caritra ke nirmANa ke binA saba ora jo vizAla paimAne para bhautika nirmANa huA hai-usakI kyA dazA hai? sabhI jAnate haiM ki vikAsa kA anupAta bahuta kama aura bhraSTAcAra kA daitya mahAdaitya bana gayA hai| eka pUrva pradhAnamaMtrI ke zabdoM meM-bhArata meM vikAsa para jo kharca kiyA jAtA hai usake prati rUpayA sau paisoM meM sirpha pandraha paise hI vikAsa para kharca hotA hai, bAkI picyAsI paise bhraSTAcAra ke Upara meM samA jAte haiN| aura vikAsa ke nAma Aja taka bhI jo kharca huA vaha araboMkharaboM se bhI bahuta adhika hogaa| isase vyakti caritra ke gaThana kA prazna ahama bana jAtA hai| manuSya kA nirmANa nahIM to samajhie ki sahI nirmANa kucha bhI nhiiN| ___ 2. apane va parivAra ke nirvAha hetu sahI sAdhana apanAne kA mArga : jaba vyakti caritraniSTha hogA, caritrazIla banegA, taba vaha apane parivAra ko bhI prabhAvita kregaa| yaha zubha pravAha vyAvahArika rUpa se dhanArjana kI nIti evaM saMskAra nirmANa para sabase pahale pdd'egaa| vaha vyakti tathA usakA parivAra nirvAha hetu sahI sAdhana hI apnaaeNge| dharnAjana kA tarIkA yAnI dhaMdhA naitika hogA to vyaya kiyA jAne vAlA dhana bhI saMvibhAga tathA maryAdA pAlana para AdhArita hogaa| jIvana nirvAha meM jaba pUrI taraha naitikatA hogI to usa parivAra meM naye Ane vAle mehamAna bhI naitika saMskAroM se yukta hoMgecaritraniSThA kA bIja garbha meM hI unameM Aropita ho jaaegaa| vaisA bhaviSya kitanA sundara hogA-sahaja hI meM socA jA sakatA hai| ____ 3. apane Apako samajhane kA mArga : jaba apane Apako banA leM, apanA caritra vikasita kara leM taba Apa apane ko zreSTha kartA banA lete haiM kintu apanA kRtitva kitanA saphala hotA hai-isakA aMkana karane ke lie caritrazIla vyakti ko dRSTA bhI bananA cAhie-dRSTA bana kara hI vaha apane 481

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sucaritram Apako bhalIbhAMti samajha sakatA hai-jo eka ko jAna letA hai, vaha sabako jAna letA hai| 4. samparkagata saMsAra arthAt parivAra, samAja, rASTra Adi ke sAtha vyakti ke tAlamela kA mArga : vyakti akelA nahIM rahatA, anya logoM ke bIca meM rahatA hai tathA apanI sabhI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti bhI vaha svayaM akelA nahIM kara sakatA hai sabhI ke sahayoga se usakA kAma banatA hai| abhiprAya yaha ki vaha anyAzrita hotA hai aura isI se parasparatA kI sthiti paidA hotI hai| apaneapane samparka kA saMsAra hareka kA choTA-bar3A ho sakatA hai kintu parokSa samparka ke nAte to pUrA vizva hI sabake sAtha saMvedanA, sahAnubhUti evaM sahayoga kI bhAvanAoM ke sAtha sadA jur3A huA rahanA caahie| 5. mAnava mUlyoM ke sarjana evaM saMrakSaNa kA mArga : caritrazIlatA manuSya ko bhAvanAtmaka rIti se itanA sazakta banA detI hai ki vaha apane cAritrika guNoM ke AdhAra para dezakAla kI paristhitiyoM ke anusAra naye mAnava mUlyoM kA sarjana kara sakatA hai, unakI grahaNazIlatA ko vistAra de sakatA hai tathA pratipAdita mAnava mUlyoM kA saMrakSaNa isa prakAra se sunizcita kara sakatA hai ki ve mUlya Ane vAlI pIr3hiyoM kA mArgadarzana karate rhe| aisI sarjaka zakti caritra sampannatA kI amUlya upalabdhi hotI hai| 6. paryAvaraNa evaM prANI mAtra ke saMrakSaNa kA mArga : yaha vizva kevala manuSya kI hI bapautI nahIM hai| isameM choTe-bar3e prANiyoM kI anaginata prajAtiyoM kA bhI nivAsa hai aura inhIM prANiyoM kI upasthiti se hI manuSya kA rakSAtmaka paryAvaraNa banatA hai| yadi yaha paryAvaraNa pradUSita hotA hai yA naSTa hotA hai jaisA ki Aja ho rahA hai to manuSya jAti para bhI taraha-taraha kI ghAtaka vipattiyAM hAvI hotI hai| ataH prANiyoM kI rakSA meM mAnava kI surakSA bhI sammilita hai| cAhe vanavAsI prANI ho yA anya jalacara, nabhacara Adi Aja unake rakSaNa ke lie aneka saMgaThana acchA kArya kara rahe haiM jisase ahiMsA vRtti kA prasAra sApha jhalakatA hai| yaha zubha lakSaNa hai| 7.sakArAtmaka jIvanazailI apanAne kA mArga : vaijJAnika sukha suvidhAoM tathA upabhoktAvAdI saMskRti ne vyaktiyoM kI Aja kI jIvanazailI ko nakArAtmaka evaM nirarthaka banA rakhA hai| svastha vikAsa ke lie jIvanazailI se bar3ha kara anya koI sakArAtmaka jIvanazailI nhiiN| yaha sarvazreSTha aura advitIya hai| 8. bhraSTatA va daSTatA ke dalana kA mArga : aba avatAravAda kI dhAraNA se manuSya bahata Age bar3ha gayA hai aura vaha apanI Antarika zakti kI prakharatA para vizvAsa karane lagA hai| usakI yaha prakharatA hiMsaka nahIM, ahiMsaka hai tathA ahiMsA tathA hRdaya-parivartana ke mArga se hI bhraSTatA evaM duSTatA kA dalana karane meM vaha samartha bananA cAhatA hai| 9. sajjanatA evaM sahayogitA ke protsAhana kA sAmAjika mArga : yaha vyakti ke caritra kI sarvAMgINa unnati kA hI suphala ho sakatA hai ki vaha samAja meM sajjanatA tathA sahayogitA ko sarvatra pracalita banA de-'eka ke lie saba aura sabake lie eka' kA AtmIya sUtra kriyAnvita ho jaae| 10. sabameM eka aura eka meM sabakI anubhUti lene kA mArga : mAnava caritra kA yaha unnati 482

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samUcI samasyAoM kA hala hogA manuSya kI cAla va usake calana se zikhara hogA ki vaha 'para' tathA 'zeSa' ke vikAsa ke lie 'sva' ko vigalita kara deN| yaha vigalana tabhI saMbhava hai jaba 'sva' tathA 'para' meM ekAtmakatA kI anubhUti hone lge| yaha anubhUti hI vikasita AdhyAtmikatA kA lakSaNa banAtI mA 1 11. sakala vasudhA ko eka kuTumbavat banAne kA mArga : 'sva-para' kI ekAtmakatA ke bAda manuSya kI karma-zakti atyanta vistRta bana jAtI hai| isakA artha hai ki vaha pUre vizva taka prAbhAvika ho jAtI hai / caritra sampanna mahAtmA ke lie unake Adarza prema kI koI sImA nahIM rahatI vaha prema sampUrNa vizva ko apanI taralatA se AplAvita banA detA hai| isakA supariNAma isI rUpa meM prakaTa hogA ki pUrA vizva yAnI ki pUrI vasudhA eka kuTumba ke samAna ho jaaegii| pUrI pRthvI eka parivAra aura sAre manuSya, jIva-jantu usake sammAnita evaM saMrakSaNIya sadasya- vasudhaiva kuTumbakaM kI avadhAraNA sAkAra rUpa le legI / mAnava caritra ke zreSTha dharAtala para nirmita aisA mAnava mArga sarvodaya kA pradhAna mAdhyama ho sakatA hai| isa cAla-calana kA uddezya ho-pIr3hiyoM ke lie asIma Ananda : mAnava kA dharma kyA hai? yadi isakA uttara eka vAkyAMza meM denA ho to vaha hai svabhAva kI avApti / jaise pAnI kA bhigone kA tathA Aga kA jalAne kA svabhAva hai aura jaba taka yaha svabhAva banA rahatA hai taba taka hI loga unheM pAnI va Aga kaheMge anyathA ye svabhAva kho dene para unake ye nAma bhI nahIM rheNge| yahI bAta mAnava ke dharma ke sAtha bhI honI cAhie, lekina kyA aisA hai? mAnava cetanA kI zakti usake zarIra taka hI sImita nahIM hai| usakI abhivyakti usake vyavahAra tathA AcaraNa meM bhI jhalakanI caahie| yadi eka vidvAn kA bhI AcaraNa doSapUrNa hai to use vaha sammAna nahIM milegA jo usakI vidvattA kA honA caahie| mAnava ke sAtha yadi usakA dharma hai, svabhAva hai to usakI pariNati asIma Ananda meM hI hotI hai| tabhI vaha 'Atmavat sarvabhUteSu' kA anukarttA hotA hai aura sampUrNa prANI jagat ko apane asIma Ananda kA srota mAnatA hai / Aja kA mAnava phira bhI apane dharma ko avApta karane ke lie prayatnazIla kyoM nahIM ho rahA hai? yaha kAraNa hai cAla-calana kA, caritra gaThana kA ki vaha apane dharma ke rahasya se anajAna hai| vaha pUrI taraha vibhAva meM bhaTaka rahA hai- patha se vipathagAmI bane rahane para sahI patha kaise milegA? usake lie pahale jJAna kI ora mur3anA hogaa| zrImad bhAgavata gItA meM kahA hai- sardI-garmI, sukha-duHkha aura mAnaapamAna meM jisake antaHkaraNa kI vRttiyAM bhalIprakAra se zAnta hai, vikAra rahita hai - aise svAdhIna AtmA vAle puruSa ke jJAna meM sacciAnanda paramAtmA samyak prakAra se sthita hai arthAt unake jJAna meM paramAtma tattva ke sivAya kucha anya hai hI nahIM (jitAtmanaH prazaMsasya paramAtmA samAhitaH zItoSNa sukhaduHkheSu tathA mAnApamAnayo - adhyAya 6 zloka 7) aura yahI avasthA svabhAva avApti kI hotI hai / mAnava jaba isa uddezya kI ora gatizIla banatA hai taba hI usameM vaha nayApana jhalakane laga jAtA hai, jisakI kalpanA mAnava ke navanirmANa ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai| dharma ko prApta karanA samyak nIti para AdhArita hotA hai- sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM kI zuddhatA evaM zubhatA Avazyaka hai| samyak nIti para AcaraNa tabhI sugama banatA hai jaba vyakti kI caritrazIlatA vikasita ho cukI ho 483

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sucaritram 484 aura usa caritrazIlatA kA carama evaM parama lakSya yahI ho ki vaha svayaM meM asIma Ananda kI sRSTi karegA aura apane AnaMda ko saba meM parama udAratA ke sAtha bAMTatA rhegaa| AnaMda bAMTane se nirantara bar3hatA rahatA hai| vartamAna vizva kI kaThina evaM duHkhabharI paristhitiyoM meM Antarika Ananda kI cAha bananA sarala nahIM hai| jo vyakti Aja vibhAga meM, bAharI vastuoM ke sukha meM itanA lipta hai, use apane svabhAva kA bhAna dilAnA hogA- apanI apAra zakti kI pahacAna karAnI hogI aura yahI kAma hai caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA kA / caritra vikAsa ke daurAna hI manuSya ko apane bhItara bhI jhAMkane kA avasara milatA hai| tabhI vaha apane karttA bhAva ko bhI samajhatA hai aura dRSTA bhAva ko bhI pahacAnatA hai / caritrazIlatA se caritra sampannatA kA hI vaha mArga hai jo vikAsa ke antima chora taka pahuMcAtA hai /

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nava-jAgaraNa kA bahuAyAmI kAryakrama

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nava-jAgaraNa kA bahuAyAmI kAryakrama caritra nirmANa abhiyAna nava nirmANa kI tar3apa hai na pAyA use pAne kI lalaka hai AzA aura utsAha kI zahanAI baja rahI hai bhItara meM to avazyameva caraNa bar3heMge kadama-dara-kadama maMjila pe car3heMge vighna bAdhAoM ke nizAcara dUra bhageMge hama navanirmita baneMge na pAyA use pAkara hI tthhreNge| nava nirmANa, nirvighna gati, sAdhya gati Adi ye saba vicAra hI haiN| vicAra, dRr3hatA pakar3a kara saMkalpa banate haiN| saMkalpa samabhAva se taraMgita hokara samarpaNa ke sAtha jaba Abaddha hote haiM to jaise saphalatA kI gAraMTI ho jAtI hai| hamAre vicAra hI hamAre sukha duHkha ke AdhAra haiN| vyakti paristhitiyoM, ghaTanAoM, anya vyaktiyoM yA padArthoM se sukhI yA du:khI nahIM hotA, unakA sadbhAva yA abhAva use sukhI yA duHkhI banAtA-vaha sukhI athavA duHkhI banatA hai to apane hI vicAroM se-yaha satya hai| isa satya kI rozanI meM kyoM nahIM hama bhI apane vicAroM ko nayA mor3a deM? isake 485

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sucaritram 486 lie antarAbhimukhI banakara vicAra kareM / antarAbhimukhI vicAra hamAre bhItara viveka ko jAgRta kregaa| Apa paramAtma tattva kI zakti ko pahacAneM, apanI Atmazakti ko toleM aura apane lie navajAgaraNa kA vAtAvaraNa banAveM, jisameM se nava jAgaraNa kI preraNA sabako bhI prApta ho skegii| bhItarabAhara svasthatA, jAgarUkatA evaM karmaThatA ko jAgRta banAne ke kucha dhyAna sUtra 1. maiM svastha hU~, sva meM sthita hU~, tana-mana jIvana se prasanna hU~... aisA pratikSaNa cintana kareM, anubhava kareM aura karttavya zakti ko jagAveM / 2. merI Antarika zakti Atma-bala sadA sannaddha hai, merA koI bhI kucha nahIM bigAr3a sakatA hai - isakA manana sadA karate raheM / 3. maiM nirbhaya hUM, ajJAta bhaya evaM bhayaMkara AzaMkAoM se maiM mukta hU~-vyAvahArika jIvana meM isa satya kA sAkSAtkAra karate raheM / 4. maiM ananta zakti kA svAmI hU~ merI zakti sadA lokakalyANa meM lagI rahe- mana meM yaha bhAvanA - pravAda sadA calatA rhe| 5. maiM sarvataMtra evaM svataMtra hU~, merI svataMtratA pratyeka prANI kI svataMtratA jagAne aura dilAne meM sahAyaka bane- aisI hArdika anubhUti lete raheM / 6. maiM mAnava jAti kI ekatA kA samarthaka hU~, isa ekatA se vizva sadhe aura samUcI vyavasthA samatA meM Dhale - antaraMgatA kI gaharAiyoM meM ise utAreM / 7. AtmA hI AtmA kI mitra hai aura AtmA hI AtmA kI zatru-merI AtmA sadA merI mitra banI rahe aura samasta AtmAoM ko apanI maitrI ke baMdhana meM bAMdhe, ise avacetana mastiSka meM jamAveM / 8. maiM saMsAra kI samasta Rddhi-siddhi-samRddhi kA svAmI hU~, kintu usakI Asakti se bhI dUra rahU~- aisA jJAna kreN| 9. samasta divya zaktiyA~ merI AtmA meM vidyamAna haiM aura unakA prayoga-upayoga sadA paropakAra meM karU~ - yaha saMkalpa banAveM / 10. saMsAra meM jitanI bhI zreSThatAeM haiM, ve saba mere meM haiN| saMsAra meM jo mahAnatAeM haiM ve saba mere manamAnasa meM haiN| maiM sRSTi kA sundaratama upahAra hU~, zreSThatama varadAna hU~, kintu caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA se ina zreSThatAoM ko sAkAra rUpa dUM-aisA nizcaya banAte raheM / 11. mere vicAra sadA sakArAtmaka evaM kriyAtmaka raheM, unameM kabhI nakArAtmaka, nirAzA yA kuMThA kA praveza na ho| maiM yaha nahIM kara sakatA ki aisI durbalatA kabhI na jAge / yaha kabhI na soceM maiM saba kucha kara sakatA hU~, kucha bhI mere lie asaMbhava nhiiN| maiM ananta zakti kA srota huuN| maiM ananta jJAna, darzana, caritra se sampanna bhavyAtmA hU~ ise dRr3ha AtmavizvAsa ke sAtha pratyakSa karate raheM / 12. sudeva, suguru evaM sudharma kI ananta kRpA vRSTi mere para ho rahI hai, maiM anugRhIta ho rahA hU~, usase maiM pavitra, zuddha, nirmala evaM ujjavala ho rahA hU~-ina AlhAdaka bhAvoM kA antarmana meM saMcAra mahasUsa kreN|

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nava-jAgaraNa kA bahuAyAmI kAryakrama 13. maiM 'sva' hU~, saMsAra ke sarva prANI, bhUta, jIva, sattva 'sva' se sambaddha haiM, merA unake prati karttavya hai aisI sahayogAtmaka cetanA banI rhe| 14. maiM AtmA hU~, maiM bhI paramAtmA huuN| na maiM zarIra hU~, na indriyAM, na mana, na aura kuch| ye saba maiM nahIM huuN| na yaha merA hai, jo 'yaha' hotA hai, vaha maiM nahIM hotA, jo 'vaha' hotA vaha yaha nahIM hotaa| maiM inase pare huuN| jo paramAtma svarUpa hai, Anandamaya nitya caitanya svarUpa hai vaha maiM hU~, jisakA na janma hotA hai, na maraNa, na yauvana, na vRddhtv| jo ziva, acala, arUja, ananta, akSaya, avyAbAdha anazvara sukhoM meM ramaNa karane vAlA hai, vaha 'maiM' hU~-isa virATa satya-tathya kI anubhUti lete rheN| mAnavIya dRSTikoNa ke sAtha sArvajanina caritra nirmANa kA uddezya banAveM: Aja vyakti, parivAra, samAja, rASTra evaM vizva ke sabhI staroM para caritra nirmANa kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai| caritra kA svarUpa-cAhe vyaktigata jIvana meM ho yA sAmUhika jIvana meM bahuAyAmI hotA hai| vyakti eka sAtha dhArmika, sAmAjika, vyApArika, vyAvasAyika, rAjanItika, Arthika, sAMskRtika Adi kaI kSetroM meM kArya karatA hai| sarvatra usakI kArya praNAlI kA prabhAva samUha, saMgaThana yA samAja Adi para bhI avazya par3atA hai| dUsarI ora kinhIM kSetroM meM kArya na karate hue bhI sAmUhika athavA sAmAjika prabhAva usa vyakti para par3atA hai| isa saMdarbha meM caritra nirmANa kI mahattA evaM anivAryatA samajhI jAnI caahie| eka pahalU yaha bhI vicAraNIya mAnA jAnA caahie| janmanA aura karmaNA jIvanazailI meM antara hotA hai| janmanA koI eka DaoNkTara ke ghara janma letA hai to vaha nizcita rUpa se DaoNkTara nahIM bana jAtA hai| DaoNkTara ke ghara meM janma lene ke bAda bhI use DaoNkTarI kI DigrI prApta karane ke lie karmaNA puruSArtha karanA par3atA hai| vaise hI eka caritraniSTha vyakti ke ghara meM janma lene se koI svataH hI caritraniSTha nahIM ho jAtA hai, hAM, saMskAra use avazya milate haiN| kintu anukUla saMskAra ke uparAnta bhI caritraniSThA kI upalabdhi ke lie janma ke sAtha use karmaNA puruSArtha bhI karanA hotA hai| .. ___ caritra kA mUla saMbaMdha AtmA, svabhAva evaM hRdaya se mAnanA caahie| hRdaya jisakA dayAlu, udAra evaM Rju hotA hai, vaha cAritrika mUlyoM ko saralatA se unnata banA letA hai| hRdaya yA mana vaha bhUmi hai, jisameM jaisA bIja boyA jAtA hai, vaisA hI phala prApta hotA hai| hRdaya meM cAritrika niSThA jagAne hetu kramabaddha yojanA banAnA jarUrI hai| caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA meM kaI tattvoM kI saMyuktatA Avazyaka hai jaise ki mAtA-pitA ke saMskAra, zuddha vAyumaMDala, zreSTha zikSaNa-prazikSaNa tathA caritrazIlatA ke prati dRr3ha nisstthaa| Aja jabaki sampUrNa vizva meM caritra-vinAza ke kAraNa jaisI bhayAvaha paristhitiyAM DhalatI jA rahI haiM, unako dhyAna meM rakhate hue caritra nirmANa kI zIghragAmI prakriyA tathA caritrazIla samAja kI saMracanA anivArya pratIta hone laga gaI hai, jitanI zAyada pahale kabhI nahIM rahI ho| vyakti se lekara vizva taka ke kartavyoM ke apane-apane kSetroM meM caritra kI mahattA, arthavattA tathA guNavattA ko samajhanAsamajhAnA mahattvapUrNa hai| sArvajanina mAnavIya dRSTikoNa se dekhA jAya to jaina darzana ke siddhAnta vastutaH mAnava dharma kA 487

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sucaritram 488 pratipAdana karate haiM, jinakA tathA anya darzanoM ke siddhAntoM kA vistRta vivaraNa diyA jA cukA hai| mAnava dharma ke siddhAntoM meM saMkucitatA ke sthAna para vyApakatA va udAratA tathA kaTTaratA ke sthAna para vivekamaya jJAna aura vyakti pUjA ke sthAna para guNapUjA ko mahattA milI huI hotI hai / ratna traya ke saMdarbha meM caritra kA jo mahAtmya jaina darzana meM varNita hai, vaha anupama hai| tadanusAra satcAritrya ke saMskAra Adi bAlyakAla se dene dilAne kI jIvanazailI bane to una saMskAroM ke sAmAjika evaM rASTrIya vistAra meM kaThinAI nahIM hogii| phira bhI caritra nirmANa kA prayAsa AvazyakatAnusAra kisI bhI Ayu meM kiyA jAnA samucita hI hogaa| ataH samagra caritra nirmANa kA yaha abhiyAna kisI eka yA khAsa varga, kSetra yA uddezya taka sImita nahIM rahegA, balki mAnavIya dRSTikoNa ke sAtha yathAsAdhya use vistRta kSetra meM tathA vibhinna samudAyoM meM aura mukhya rUpa se jaina samAja ke sakala kSetra meM calAyA jAegA tAki sArvajanina caritra kA nirmANa ho sake tathA caritra vikAsa kA mArga bAdhArahita banAyA jA sake / kintu yaha jaina samAja taka bhI sImita nahIM rahegA, isameM kisI bhI dharma, varNa yA vizvAsa ke vyaktiyoM kA praveza bhI svIkArya hogaa| isakA vyApaka kSetra pUrA mAnava samAja hI mAnA jaaegaa| abhiyAna ke rASTrastarIya uddezyoM kI arthavattA para eka vihaMgama dRSTi : caritra nirmANa abhiyAna eka bahuuddezyIya evaM bahuAyAmI abhiyAna hai tathA usakA kAryakSetra pragati ke sAtha sampUrNa vizva taka vistRta banAyA jA sakatA hai| philahAla jo abhiyAna calAne kI yojanA hai, vaha apane deza bhArata taka sImita hai / isa dRSTi se abhI isa abhiyAna ke rASTrastarIya uddezyoM kA nirdhAraNa kiyA gayA hai, jinakA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai 1. paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa aura sUkSmajIva rakSaNa ke prati dayAlutA kI bhAvanAeM jAgRta karanA / 2. dhArmika jAgaraNa tathA yuvA netRtva ko pramukhatA dene kI dRSTi se eka yuvA zAkhA kA gaThana karanA aura yuvAoM ko utsAhapUrvaka kArya karane hetu protsAhana denA / 3. caritra nirmANa ko vyApaka rUpa se lokapriya banAne ke lie goSThiyoM bhASaNamAlAoM tathA carcAbahasa ke saba ora kAryakrama Ayojita karanA aura jana-jana ko vyasanoM, durguNoM tathA asamAnatA se chuTakArA dilAne kI pravRttiyoM kA saMcAlana karanA / 4. ApadAgrasta logoM tathA dalita- patita bhAI-bahanoM ko pratyeka prakAra kI saMbhava sahAyatA phuNcaanaa| 5. raktadAna tathA niHzulka svAsthya parIkSaNa kA AyojanA karanA / 6. maraNoparAnta netradAna karane kI pravRtti logoM meM jagAnA aura unheM protsAhita karanA / 7. janatA ko daheja dene tathA daheja kI sAmagrI kA pradarzana karane kI kuprathA ko tor3ane hetu jAgRta karanA tathA yathAvasara yathocita virodha karanA / 8. AtmahatyA evaM jIvahatyA ke viruddha janatA meM jAgRti phailAnA tathA isa uddezya se Andolana Adi calAnA / 9. bAla-vivAha tathA mRtyubhoja kI ghAtaka kuprathAoM ko chor3ane ke lie bhI logoM ko samajhAnA tathA Andolana calAnA /

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nava-jAgaraNa kA bahuAyAmI kAryakrama 10. dharma-majahaba, jAti-pAMti, varNa yA zuddhi ke nAma para kie jAne vAle sAmAjika bhedabhAvoM ko ukhAr3ane ke lie logoM ko jAgRta karanA evaM sAmUhika Andolana claanaa| 11. vyakti ke jIvana ko zuddha evaM sarala banAe rakhane ke uddezya hetu logoM ko dhUmrapAna, guTakhA va pAna masAlA lene kI burI AdatoM ko samajhAiza se chur3AnA aura hiMsaka kAryoM se utpAdika phaizana kI sAmagrI ko na apanAne para jora denaa| AvazyakatAnusAra ina uddezyoM kI pUrti ke lie janAndolana khar3e krnaa| 12. vivAha meM daheja na lene, mahaMge baiMDa bAje na lagAne, AtizabAjI nahIM karane tathA anyathA bhI ADambara nahIM karane ke lie saMkalpa dAna kAryakrama Ayojita karanA aura ina burAiyoM ke viruddha janAndolana claanaa| 13. vezyAvRtti, mahilAoM ke zIla haraNa, aMDA khAne sahita mAMsa bhakSaNa, pazu-pakSiyoM ke zikAra, juAbAjI, tambAkU sevana aura aphIma, brAUna zUgara, smaika, zarAba, bIara Adi ke sevana se saMbaMdhita sabhI vyasanoM ko chur3Ane ke lie vyakti evaM samAja kI hita dRSTi se janAndolana calAnA tathA unase vyasana mukti kA saMdeza jana-jana taka phuNcaanaa| caritra nirmANa se saMbaMdhita yathAvasara anya uddezyoM ko bhI isa sUcI meM sammilita kiyA jA sakegA tathA prayatna kiyA jAegA ki koI bhI saMbaMdhita viSaya isa abhiyAna kI kAryasUcI se na chuutte| vyakti ke uttarottara caritra vikAsa hetu abhiyAna ke tIna caraNoM kA vivaraNa : ___ vyakti ke uttarottara caritra vikAsa kI dRSTi se isa abhiyAna ko tIna caraNoM meM calAe jAne kA prastAva hai1. caritrazIla : caritra nirmANa meM dRr3ha AsthA banAnA tathA prakriyA meM sammilita ho jaanaa| 2. caritraniSTha : caritra nirmANa meM gaMbhIratApUrvaka sakriyatA dhAraNa karanA aura apane zubhadAyaka kAryoM se anyoM ko prabhAvita krnaa| 3. caritralIna : caritra nirmANa kI nirdhArita guNAnusAra pUrNatA prApta kara lenA tathA sampUrNataH athavA aMzataH abhiyAna ko racanAtmaka sahayoga denaa| aba ina tInoM caraNoM kA kucha vistAra se vivaraNa diyA jA rahA hai tathA pratyeka caraNa meM kisa prakAra kI pratijJAoM kA saMkalpa-patra bharanA evaM unakA niSThApUrvaka pAlana karanA-isakA bhI byaurA diyA jA rahA hai| ina tIna caraNoM ke antargata navya samatAmaya evaM caritra sampanna samAja kI saMracanA kA uddezya lekara abhiyAna ko pragati kI dizA meM AyAma diyA jaaegaa| prathama caraNa : caritrazIla-isa caraNa meM aisI sarala evaM sAmAnya pratijJAeM rakhI gaI haiM, jinake anupAlana kA saMkalpa koI bhI sAmAnyajana grahaNa kara skegaa| isa caraNa ke saMkalpa-patra kA prArUpa nimnAnusAra hai, kintu vibhinna sujhAvoM ke AdhAra para isameM yathocita saMzodhana kie jAte rheNge| 489

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sucaritram saMkalpa-patra (prathama caraNa) 1. maiM sudeva, suguru evaM sudharma ko aMgIkAra karake unake prati dRr3ha AsthA ra gaa/rkhuugii| kisI bhI rUpa meM cala rahI yA calAI jA rahI kaisI bhI sAmpradAyikatA evaM kaTTaratA se dUra raha kara mAnava dharma kI vizeSatAoM ko grahaNa kruuNgaa/kruuNgii| maiM rAga dveSa evaM mamatva se mukta samatva kI vRttiyoM tathA pravRttiyoM meM, kRta karmoM ke phala meM, svayaM ke kartavyoM evaM uttaradAyitvoM meM tathA dInatA-hInatA se rahita apanI AtmA ke sampUrNa sAmarthya meM dRr3ha vizvAsa rakhatA/rakhatI huuN| maiM ahiMsA, anAgraha evaM aparigraha para AdhArita jIvanazailI ko tathA dharma va UMca-nIca yA spRzya ke bhedabhAva se dUra AtmIya samAnatA ke siddhAnta ko svIkAra karatA/karatI huuN| 2. maiM pratidina prAtaH uThate hI mahAmaMtra kI eka mAlA kA jApa, ghara meM agrajoM ko praNAma, yathAsAdhya sAmUhika prArthanA tathA sabake sAtha Adara va prema-sneha kA vyavahAra kruuNgaa/kruuNgii| krodha, IA. dveSa Adi kisI durguNa ke vazIbhUta hokara apane vyavahAra ke santulana ko na bigar3ane dene kA pUrA dhyAna rkhuugaa/rluuNgii| 3. maiM vaivAhika Adi avasaroM para sar3akoM para nAcanA, bindolI Adi meM yA paryoM para AtizabAjI tathA apane parivAra jana ke dehAnta para mRtyubhoja kA Ayojana Adi kurItiyAM baMda karUMgA/karUMgI aura jahAM aisA hogA usameM zAmila nahIM houuNgaa/houuNgii| 4. maiM apane jIvana sudhAra hetu kuvyasanoM meM vezyAgamana, para-strI (puruSa) gamana, mAMsAhAra (aMDA sahita), zikAra, juA Adi kA sevana, tambAkU, gAMjA, bhAMga, carasa, brAUna zUgara, smaika, zarAba, bIara Adi nazIle padArthoM kA upayoga aura kampaniyoM dvArA taiyAra vastuoM kA 'phAsTa phUDa' bhojana nahIM kruuNgaa/kruuNgii| (yadi kisI bhI vyasana kI Adata ho to nizcita avadhi meM use tyAgane kA kaThina prayAsa kruuNgaa/kruuNgii)| 5. maiM vyApAra va vyavasAya meM khoTA tola-mApa kA prayoga tathA padArthoM meM milAvaTa nahIM kruuNgaa/kruuNgii| (yadi karatA hoUM to zIghra choDane kI koziza kruuNgaa/kruuNgii)|ythaasaadhy naitikatA ke adhikatama vyavahAra kI tathA AmadanI meM se kucha nizcita pratizata dhArmika va pAramArthika kAryoM meM lagAne kI ceSTA rmuuNgaa/rkhuugii| 6. maiM rASTrIya evaM sAmAjika karttavya kI dRSTi se(a) vana, paryAvaraNa va sAmAnya jIvoM ke rakSaNa-saMrakSaNa kA samarthana tathA unake prati krUra vyavahAra kA virodha kruuNgaa/kruuNgii| (ba) hare vRkSa, vanaspati va pAnI kI barabAdI se bacAva karU~gA/karU~gI tathA (sa) paryAvaraNa kI rakSA se saMbaMdhita kAryoM meM svayaM sakriya rahUMgA/rahUMgI tathA inake hetu saMgharSazIla tattvoM kA sAtha duuNgaa/duuNgii| 7. maiM AvezapUrvaka AtmahatyA kA prayAsa tathA bhrUNa-parIkSaNa va bhrUNa-hatyA kA jaghanya aparAdha kadApi 490

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nava-jAgaraNa kA bahuAyAmI kAryakrama nahIM kruuNgaa/kruuNgii| ina sAta pratijJAoM kA saMkSipta nAmakaraNa isa prakAra hai-1. mAnava dharma evaM ahiMsaka jIvanazailI meM AsthA, 2. nitya karma sudhAra, 3. kurIti-unmUlana, 4. vyasana mukti, 5. naitika vyApAra, 6. paryAvaraNa va jIva rakSaNa tathA 7. Atma hatyA va bhrUNa hatyA nissedh| dinAMka :. hastAkSara saMkalpakartA sAkSI : 1. sthAnIya pratiSThita vyakti 2. caritra nirmANa abhiyAna kA sadasya prathama caraNa kI parIkSA : eka varSa kI samApti para prathama caraNa saMkalpa-patra bharane vAlA vyakti apane caritra nirmANa tathA abhyAsa kA vivaraNa degA aura yadi usakA AcaraNa sAmAnya, madhyama evaM utkRSTa zreNiyoM meM se kisI bhI zreNI meM nirdhArita mAnadaMDoM ke anukUla parIkSita hogA to vaha dvitIya caraNa kA saMkalpa-patra bhara skegaa| isake lie prathama caraNa ke parIkSaka kI svIkRti Avazyaka hogii| phira vaha kendriya caritra nirmANa samiti dvArA adhikRta parIkSaka yA paryavekSaka ko apane AcAra-sudhAra ko starIya banAne kA AzvAsana degA, tabhI vaha dvitIya caraNa kA saMkalpa-patra bhara skegaa| isake sAtha hI use 'caritrazIla' hone kA pramANa-patra diyA jAegA tathA tadanasAra vaha isa 'alaMkaraNa' kA prayoga icchA ho to apane nAma ke sAtha karane kA adhikArI hogaa| dvitIya caraNa : prathama caraNa ke saMkalpa-patra ke abhyAsa evaM caritra sudhAra se svayaM saMkalpakartA evaM paryavekSaka ke pUrNa saMtoSa ke pazcAt hI isa zreNI kA saMkalpa-patra bharA jA skegaa| yadi saMtoSa meM kamI hogI to prathama zreNI ke saMkalpa-patra kA hI eka aura varSa ke lie navInIkaraNa kiyA jaaegaa| isa dvitIya zreNI kA saMkalpa-patra (prArUpa) nimnAnusAra hogA - saMkalpa-patra (dvitIya caraNa) 1. maiM pratidina apane mana, vacana tathA karma ke samabhAva ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se sAmAyika/svAdhyAya/ cintana-manana/AtmAlocanA kA abhyAsa/tapAcaraNa (pAMca tithiyoM ko rAtri bhojana va jamIkaMda tyAga evaM brahmacarya pAlana se lekara uccatara koI bhI) ko nitya karma meM nizcita rUpa se sthAna duuNgaa/duuNgii| mere cintana ke viSaya raheMge ki vinaya evaM vivekamaya vyavahAra mere jIvana kA Adarza hai, maiM kisI ke ahita kA, asukha kA, akalyANa kA AcaraNa nahIM karU~gA/karU~gI aura maiM sevAbhAva ke sAtha pArasparika sahayoga ko pramukha maaguuNgaa/maanuuNgii| 2. maiM Atmazuddhi kAraka tapasyA athavA anya kisI anuSThAna ke upalakSa meM koI bhI ADambara, jaise julUsa, dikhAvA, bhoja, bheMTa Adi na to karU~gA/karU~gI aura na aise ADambara ko bar3hAvA duuNgaa/duuNgii| 3. maiM apane yahAM vaivAhika Adi samAroha kAryoM meM daheja kI mAMga, mahaMge bAjoM kI dhUma, phUloM kI sajAvaTa tathA kisI bhI rUpa meM vaibhava kA pradarzana yA ADambara nahIM karU~gA/karU~gI aura pAMca sitArA hoTaloM meM athavA jina hoTaloM meM sAmiSa aura nirAmiSa AhAra sammilita banatA ho vahA~ 491

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sucaritram kisI samAroha kA bhoja Adi kA Ayojana nahIM kruuNgaa/kruuNgii| apane yahAM Ayojita sAmUhika bhoja meM kula 15 AiTama se jyAdA nahIM bnvaauuNgaa/bnvaauuNgii| isa bhoja meM jamIkaMda kA upayoga nahIM hogaa| 4. maiM apane jIvana zuddhi evaM sAdagI hetu dhUmrapAna, pAna parAga, guTakhA yA anya nazIle padArtha kA sevana, hiMsApUrNa saundarya prasAdhanoM va asalI rezamI paridhAnoM kA upayoga tathA naoNna-veja aura saMbhava ho to kisI bhI hoTala meM bhojana nahIM kruuNgaa/kruuNgii| sabhI sapta kuvyasanoM ke tyAga ko majabUta banAkara nirvyasanI jIvanazailI ke pracAra-prasAra meM bhAga luuNgaa/luuNgii| 5. maiM vyApAra-vyavasAya meM nakalI ko asalI batAne kA mAyAcAra yA anya koI chala-kapaTa, zrama kA zoSaNa Adi anaitika, amAnavIya tathA taskarI Adi rASTra virodhI kArya nahIM kruuNgaa/kruuNgii| dhana saMgraha va saMcaya se dUra raha kara maiM sabake sAtha saMvibhAga evaM maryAdAoM ke AdhAra para Arthika dRSTi se bhI vAtsalya evaM sneha bharA vyavahAra kruuNgaa/kruuNgii| 6. maiM rAja-samAja ke kAma-kAja meM rizvata na lU~gA/lU~gI aura na dUMgA/dUMgI tathA bhraSTAcAra ke kisI bhI kakatya meM lipta nahIM hoU~gA/hoU~gI aura yathAzakya bhraSTAcAra unmUlana ke abhiyAnoM meM sahAyaka bnuuNgaa/bnuuNgii| 7. maiM dhArmika evaM pAramArthika kAryoM ke lie apanI kula AmadanI kA dasa pratizata bhAga athavA do ghaMTA pratidina kA samaya athavA varSa bhara meM pAMca yA tIna hajAra kI sAmagrI kA dAna ArakSita rkhuugaa/rluuNgii| pratidina samaya nahIM de sakA to varSa meM eka mAha pUrI taraha caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ke kArya meM saMlagna rhuuNgaa/rhuuNgii| ___ ina sAta pratijJAoM kA saMkSipta nAmakaraNa isa prakAra hai-1. samabhAva-vikAsa, 2. tapa ke sAtha ADambara nahIM, 3. vivAha meM daheja-dikhAvA nahIM, 4. jIvana meM zuddhi-sAdagI, 5. dhaMdhe meM chala nahIM, 6. bhraSTAcAra niSedha tathA 7. dhndaan-smydaan| dvitIya caraNa kI parIkSA : prathama caraNa ke samAna hI isa caraNa kI bhI prakriyA calegI tathA pramANa-patra 'caritraniSTha' ke alaMkaraNa se yukta hogaa| tRtIya caraNa-caritralIna : tRtIya evaM antima caraNa kA saMkalpa-patra (prArUpa) isa prakAra kA hogA saMkalpa-patra (tRtIya caraNa) 1. maiM niyamita rUpa se pratidina sAmAyika, svAdhyAya yA anya dharmAnuSThAna, pAkSika pratikramaNa yA AtmAlocanA kA cintana evaM pratimAha do AyaMbila, eka upavAsa athavA anya tapasyA karake apane jJAnamaya AcaraNa kA vikAsa kruuNgaa/kruuNgii| merA ciMtana rahegA ki maiM sAmUhika saMyama tathA tyAga ke bhAvoM ko vikasita karU~, paramAtma bhAvoM meM pUrNa niSThA evaM samarpaNa rakhU, pratyeka prANI ke sAtha AtmIyatApUrNa maitrI kA bhAva ho tathA sabake abhyudaya aura AdhyAtmika evaM caritra vikAsa meM apanI zakti kA prayoga-upayoga karane hetu sadaiva tatpara rhuuN| 492

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nava-jAgaraNa kA bahuAyAmI kAryakrama 2. maiM dhArmika, sAmAjika tathA anya kSetroM meM vaibhava pradarzana aura rUr3hicusta rasmoM ko bar3hAvA dene vAlA koI kAma nahIM kruuNgaa/kruuNgii| sAdA jIvana, ucca vicAra ke marma ko svayaM AtmasAta karake sarvatra usakA pracAra-prasAra kruuNgaa/kruuNgii| 3. maiM vyApAra, vyavasAya, naukarI Adi meM pUrNa naitikatA, sahI hisAba, grAhakoM va zramikoM ke sAtha sadvyavahAra evaM saMbaMdhita sabhI kAnUnoM kA ImAnadArI se pAlana karU~gA/karU~gI aura jIvana ke anya vyavahAra meM bhI adhikatama saccAI ke sAtha sabhI kArya kruuNgaa/kruuNgii| 4. maiM apane lie upabhoga-paribhoga kI vastuoM kI maryAdA (vArSika) grahaNa karake zeSa kA parityAga karU~gA/karUMgI tathA apanI Ayu kA adhikatama bhAga dhArmika evaM pAramArthika kAryoM meM lagAU~gA/ lgaauuNgii| caritra nirmANa abhiyAna meM sevA hetu adhikatama samaya bhI dUMgA/dUMgI (maryAdA evaM samaya kI spaSTa ghoSaNA kI jaae)| 5. maiM sAmAjika evaM rASTrIya jIvana meM zuddhi, ekatA evaM samAnatA lAne kI dRSTi se apane matAdhikAra __kA sahI prayoga karate hue avaidha cunAvI gatividhiyoM kA virodha karU~gA/karU~gI evaM kisI bhI __ prakAra kI viSamatA va vikRti ke viruddha DaTakara saMgharSa kruuNgaa/kruuNgii| 6. maiM pArivArika sukha aura zAMti ke lie pArasparika tAlamela va tyAga para bala dete hue santAna (naI pIr3hI) kI saMskAritA, zikSA, caritra nirmANa evaM vRtti zuddhi kI tarapha pUrA dhyAna duuNgaa/duuNgii| 7. maiM aisA agrima nirdeza dUMgA/dUMgI ki mere maraNoparAnta mRtyubhoja na kiyA jAe, netra evaM anya upayogI aMgoM kA dAna kiyA jAe tathA mere pArthiva zarIra ko antima kriyA se pahale adhika samaya taka na rakhA jaae| ina sAta pratijJAoM kA saMkSipta nAmakaraNa isa prakAra hai-1. caritra evaM AcaraNa vikAsa, 2. sAdA jIvana, ucca vicAra, 3. dhanArjana nIti se, kAma saccAI se, 4. vastu maryAdA evaM tyAga vRtti, 5. sarvatra zuddhikaraNa ke prayAsa, 6. saMtAna kI saMskArapUrNa zikSA-dIkSA tathA 7. maraNoparAnta nirdesh| - tRtIya caraNa kI parIkSA : prathama caraNa ke samAna isa caraNa kI bhI prakriyA calegI tathA pramANapanna 'caritralIna' ke alaMkaraNa se yukta hogaa| vizeSa : caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ke saMvidhAna meM yaha prAvadhAna hogA ki pratyeka 'caritrazIla' caritra nirmANa abhiyAna mahAsabhA kA, pratyeka 'caritraniSTha' mahAsabhA evaM kSetrIya kAryakAriNI kA tathA pratyeka 'caritralIna' mahAsabhA, apane kSetra kI kAryakAriNI evaM kendrIya kAryakAriNI kA svataH hI sthAyI sadasya ho jaaegaa| abhiyAna ke AyojanoM va prabhAtapherI Adi ke kAryakramoM meM utsAha kA saMcAra karane vAle gIta-pragItaH sucintita vicAra lekha, bhASaNa Adi ke rUpa meM abhivyakta hote haiM to saMvedanazIla bhAva kAvyAtmaka rUpa meM vyakta hokara jana-jana ke hRdaya meM utsAha kA saMcAra karate haiN| merI lekhanI 493

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sucaritrama . .. apane bhAvoM ko gIta-pragIta ke rUpa meM prakaTa karatI rahatI hai| kucha gIta-pragIta maiMne vizeSa rUpa se caritra nirmANa abhiyAna kI dRSTi se race haiM, jinake dvArA sabhI saMbaMdhita vargoM ko AhvAna kiyA gayA hai ve isa abhiyAna ko apanA pUrNa yoga deN| abhiyAna ke nimitta se kie jAne vAle AyojanoM aura prabhAtapherI Adi ke kAryakramoM meM ye gIta-pragIta navotsAha-saMcAra ke kAraka bana sakate haiN| vizeSa rUpa se bahana aura bacce vaicArika lekha Adi kI apekSA bhAvamaya gIta-pragIta ke mAdhyama se nihita bhAvanAoM ko adhika sahajatA se samajhate haiN| 1. caritra nirmANa abhiyAna kA svarUpa darzaka gIta : __ (tarja : jiyA bekarAra hai...) caritra zakti mahAna hai, saccI yaha pahacAna hai caritraniSTha niyamoM se, nizcita jana-jana kA utthAna hai caritra zakti... jAta pAMta kA, UMca nIca kA nahIM bheda hai isa dala meM saMyamita niyamita rahane kI hI prabala preraNA hai isa krama meM parama punIta abhiyAna hai, zubhatama zreSTha vidhAna hai caritraniSTha niyamoM... || 1 || Atmika zakti prakaTe isase, tana, mana, tejasvI bana jAeM naitika AdhyAtmika bala bar3hatA sadguNa sAre A jAeM zAzvata sukha kI khAna hai, jIvana kA nirmANa hai ___ caritraniSTha niyamoM... ||2|| vikAra bhAva se mukta baneM, saMskAra jage--yaha nArA hai ajJAna aMdherA dUra rahe, jIvana kA nava ujiyArA hai mAnava kI yaha zAna hai, varanA yaha hai vAna hai caritraniSTha niyamoM... || 3 // apanA unjata ho caritra, to jaga unnata bana jAe parivAra, samAja aura rASTra sabhI kI surava sampadA bar3ha jAe vidvAnoM kA jJAna hai, urakhanA isakA mAna hai caritraniSTha niyamoM... ||4|| caritrazIla, caritraniSTha, caritralIna prasAdhana hai daddhigata ho sabameM sabakA--yahI dharma ArAdhana hai mukti kA sopAna hai, caritravAna bhagavAn hai ___ caritraniSTha niyamoM... // 5 // vaijJAnika yuga meM jJAna bar3hA, caritra pichar3atA kyoM jAe 494

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nava-jAgaraNa kA bahuAyAmI kAryakrama rarata kara AzA aura preraNA, isako ziravara car3hA pAeM taba hI saccA jJAna hai, yahI 'vijaya' abhiyAna hai caritraniSTha niyamoM... || 6 // 2. chAtroM ko saMdeza dene vAlA gIta : (tarja : nagarI-nagarI dvAre-dvAre...) dekho, dekho chAtro! apanA apane se nirmANa hai. uma milI hai pyArI isameM, jage zakti mahAna hai dekho, deravo chAtroM.... caritraniSTha jo chAtra hue haiM, unane kie kamAla haiM kyA vaijJAnika, kyA ve sAdhaka bane yahAM bemisAla haiM bhArata kI kyA pUjA rahA hai, unako sakala jahAna hai dekho, devo chAtroM... ||1|| zveta vastra sama nirmala mana hai, jIvana ujjvala kahalAtA usa para jaisA raMga car3hAnA, vaisA hI hai car3ha jAtA durguNoM ke lage na dhabbe , rakhanA haradama dhyAna hai dekho, devo chAtroM... | 2 // miTTI kA ghara jaba taka kaccA, cAhe jaisA raMga karo pakane para phira nahIM ho pAtA, dekha ke apanA DhaMga varo acche bure jIvana kI basa, karanA sad pahacAna hai dekho, devo chAtroM... || 3 // caritra hai jisakA ujjata, yahAM para vahI sadA pUjA jAe kyA pUjeM pada aura pratiSThA, kyA paisA sammAnA jAe caritra hI saccI pUjA hai, yaha rivanA saccA jJAna hai dekho, devo chAtroM... ||4|| sArI jimmedArI jaga kI, Aja tumhAre kaMdhoM para hai nAja tumhAre hI jIvana se, TikI najara tuma baMdoM para hai utthAna tumhArA to phira jaga kA bhI utthAna hai devo, devo chAtroM... ||5|| nazA nAza kara detA sabakA, sadA dUra hI rahanA hai dArvicAra, darvyasana sabhI se nAtA apanA tajanA hai saMyamazIla, sadAcAroM kA 'vijaya' nitya abhiyAna hai dekho, devo chAtroM... || 6 // 495

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sucaritram 496 3. yuvakoM kA AhvAna karatA gIta : (tarja : dila lUTane vAle... ) caritrazakti ke sambala se, itihAsa nayA bana jAegA yuvakoM, basa tuma jaga jAoge to saMsAra badalatA jAegA caritra zakti... hai Atmazakti kA prabala teja, yuvakoM ke bhItara meM bahatA yadi sahI dizA mila jAe to zubha saMskRti ko jAgRta karatA sAhasa ke dhanI yuvakoM se hI, Aloka nayA chA jAegA yuvakoM, basa tuma... // 1 || saMyama hI jIvana maMtra bane, dRSTi, vAcika aura kAyika sAre vyasanoM se mukta raho, unmukta raho kuvicAroM se daMbha dikhAve kabhI na ho, anurakta raho saMskAroM se hRdaya ho nizchala, caritra ho ujjvala, svarga dharA para AegA yuvakoM, basa tuma... // 2 // saMyama hI mana zrRMgAra rahe saMyama, antara kA AdhAra rahe he asaMbhava isa jaga kA kucha, saba saMbhava ho jAegA yuvakoM, basa tuma... // 3 // kathanI-karaNI vivekabharI bhASA bhI madhura, mana pulakita ho ho svabhAva sarala, vyavahAra madhura, dhArmikatA se anuraMjita ho kSIra nIra viveka buddhi se, maMgala mana harasAegA yuvakoM, basa tuma... // 4 // he vIraputra vIratva varo, sevA sahayoga meM arpaNa ho saMgaThana kI zakti pahacAno, khuda hI khuda kA darpaNa ho pragati ke patha para calo yahAM, itihAsa tumheM hI gAegA yuvakoM, basa tuma... // 5 // prabuddhamanA bana zuddha bano, dRr3ha vizvAsa jagAoge caritraniSTha bana karake hI tuma apanI zAna bar3hAoge 'vijaya' zrI hara kadama-kadama para, terA yaza chA jAegA yuvakoM, basa tuma... // 6 //

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nava-jAgaraNa kA bahuAyAmI kAryakrama 4. zikSakoM dvArA caritra zikSA kI mahattA kA gIta : (tarja : khar3I nIma ke nIce...) zikSaka dete zikSArthI ko, abhinaya zikSA dAna hai saccI zikSAoM se mAnava, bana jAtA bhagavAn hai kuMbhakAra sama kalAkAra hI to zikSaka kahalAtA hai vaha jaisA cAhe vaisA nirmANa kare, vaha to nirmAtA hai saMskAroM se banI saMskRti, zikSA prathama sopAna hai saccI zikSAoM... || 1 || nItiniSTha caritravAna niHsvArthI zikSaka kI zobhA nirmala mana ho gaMgAjala sama, brahma teja kI ho AbhA kartavyaparAyaNa zubha ho cintana, kathanI karaNI samAna hai saccI zikSAoM... ||2|| dharmaniSTha ho, vyasana mukta ho, apanatva svayaM saMvedana ho vinaya viveka jagAne vAlA, jAgRta svayaM saceta na ho zikSaka hai Adarza jagat meM, zikSA zubha varadAna hai __ saccI zikSAoM... || 3 // zikSA ko pezA nahIM mAne, zikSaka svayaM nirIkSaka ho rojI roTI kA nahIM sAdhana, zikSaka svayaM samIkSaka ho Atma-parIkSaNa hI to zikSA, zikSaka kA zubha prANa ho saccI zikSAoM... ||4|| bhUla gae Adarza hamAre , zikSaka gaNa se kahanA hai chAtravRnda para asara par3egA, caritra tumhArA gahanA hai bhAvI bhArata aura bhAgya kA, karanA zubha nirmANa hai ___ saccI zikSAoM... || 5 // carama lakSya hai mukti pAnA, zikSA usakA sAdhana hai kevala sAkSara nahIM banAnA, dIkSA titikSArAdhana hai 'vijaya' vRttiyA~ baneM sunirmala, to hI zikSA mahAna hai saccI zikSAoM... || 6 // 497

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sucaritram 5. vyApAriyoM ke dhyAnAkarSaNa kA gIta : :. (tarja : ur3ate paMchI nIla...) jo vyApArI nyAya nIti se, apanA vyApAra calAe~ vo sadgRhastha kahAe~ mAnavatA se pyAra hai jisako, vo bhagavattA pAe~ . vo sadgRhastha kahAe~ gRhastha. dharma kA hai kartavya, jaga sArA hai palatA jana-jIvana AdhAra sahArA, bina vyApAra na calatA dharma ko sammukha rakha kara apanA, zrama se jIvana sajAe~ vo mAnava kahalAe~.... ||1|| paisA hI saba kucha nahIM hotA, dharma hI saba kucha hotA dharma ke pIche lambI calatI, surava kI nIMda vaha sotA dhokhe kI jo hotI kamAI, dhokhA dekara jAe . vo mAnava kahalAe~... ||2|| asalI vastu batA kara nakalI, kabhI nahIM jo detA nija vizvAsa jamAkara jaga meM ucita naphA jo letA usakA suyaza bar3he nirantara , guNa sAre hI gAe~ vo mAnava kahalAe~... ||3|| tRSNA kI hai Aga bhayaMkara, sArA yaha jaga jalatA tRSNA jIte jo vyApArI, vaha siramaura hai banatA tola-mApa meM karake ThagAI, kabhI na pApa kamAe~ vo mAnava kahalAe~... ||4|| vyApArI kI sArakha rahe to lAkha gae phira Ae sArava gaI to rAkha huI, phira kyA ijjata baca pAe~ utarA pAnI motI kA to, kAMca par3A raha jAe~ vo mAnava kahalAe~... ||5|| satyazIla, saMtoSa, sAdagI vyApArI ke bhUSaNa jhUTha, kapaTa, badanIti-nIyata-ye vyApArI ke dUSaNa caritraniSTha ho vyApArI to sAre guNa vika sAe~ - vo mAnava kahalAe~... || 6 // lAbha-hAni, surakha-duHkha ye sAre, karmoM ke haiM najAreM dharmaniSTha ho jo vyApArI, kabhI na isase hAre samatva bhAva ko dhAraNa karake, karma 'vijaya' kara pAe~ vo mAnava kahalAe~... || 70 498

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nava-jAgaraNa kA bahuAyAmI kAryakrama 6. vANI kI caritrazIlatA kA gIta : (tarja : jarA sAmane to Ao...) jarA vANI kA mahattva samajhA leM yaha vANI hamArI pahacAna hai kaisA antarmana hai ApakA, zIya hotA isI se jJAna hai| ...jarA vANI... jaisI ho bhASA, vaise hI bhAvoM kI vaha darpaNa kahalAtI hai surava upajAtI, durava bhI bar3hAtI, mAna-apamAna bhI pAtI hai jisako bolane kA vijJAna hai, vahI pAtA sadA sammAna hai ..... kaisA antarmana... || 1 ||. apazabdoM se giratA hai mAnava, kabhI na U~cA uTha pAtA apanA avamUlyana apane hI hAthoM, kaisI mUrvatA kara jAtA gAlI denA bhayaMkara pApa hai, isase hotA sadA nukasAna hai. ..... .. kaisA antarmana... ||2|| binA viveka ke jo bolatA hai, vo na kahIM Adara pAe. ijjata gaMvAe, zAna bhI jAe, pIche vahI phira pachatAe hotA vAtAvaraNa nirmANa hai, zabda zakti bar3I hI mahAna hai ..kaisA antarmana... || 3|| yAda rakheM-yaha krodha hamArA, sarva vinAzI bana jAtA isa para niyaMtraNa rakhakara hI to mAnava jJAnI bana pAtA Adata apanI badala le sayAne, varanA honA nahIM kalyANa hai .. . kaisA antarmana..: ||4|| vacana-vacana se dila jur3ate haiM, prema paraspara ho jAtA" gama ravAkara jo nama jAtA hai vo sabakA bala pA jAtA ... kSamA jIvana suravada aramAna hai, hotI 'vijaya' sadA balavAna ha .... .. kaisA antarmana.... ||5|| abhiyAna ke saMvidhAna kI saMkSipta rUparekhA : saMvidhAna kahie yA niyamopaniyama jinake binA kisI bhI saMgaThana yA saMsthAM kA kAmakAja sucArU rUpa se nahIM cala sakatA-niyamita suvyavasthA ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai| yahAM para caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ke saMgaThana ko suvyavasthita rUpa se calAne ke lie moTe taura para kucha buniyAdI bindu batAe jA rahe haiM jinheM saMvidhAna kI saMkSipta rUparekhA kahA jA sakatA hai| yathAsamaya isake 499

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sucaritram AdhAra para saMvidhAna kA pUrNa prArUpa taiyAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| tAtkAlika prabandha se saMbaMdhita kucha bindu bhI isa rUparekhA meM sammilita haiN| 1. isa saMgaThana kA pUrA nAma 'caritra nirmANa vijaya abhiyAna' rahegA tathA 'abhiyAna' ke saMkSipta nAma se isakA ullekha kiyA jaaegaa| 2. abhiyAna kA kArya kSetra pUrA bhAratavarSa hogaa| yathAvasara kArya kSetra bar3hAyA bhI jA skegaa| 3. abhiyAna kA eka kendrIya kAryAlaya hogA (sthAna kA yathAsamaya nizcaya) aura prAraMbha meM kendrIya abhiyAna saMyojana samiti manonIta kI jAegI jisameM sAta sadasya hoMge-eka sadasya saMyojaka kA kArya kregaa| yaha saMyojana samiti asthAyI hogii| eka varSa ke bAda vidhivat cunAva ho jAne ke bAda sthAyI samiti 'abhiyAna kAryakAriNI samiti' astitva meM aaegii| saMyojana samiti ke nirNaya yathAsamaya sarvasammata hone cAhie-aisA nahIM hone para nirNaya bahumata se kiyA jaaegaa| 4. isI prakAra tAtkAlika vyavasthA kI dRSTi se jahAM-jahAM abhiyAna kA kArya zurU ho tathA zurU hotA rahe una-una rAjyoM meM rAjya saMyojaka tathA rAjya ke una-una jiloM meM jilA saMyojaka manonIta kie jAte rheNge| ye manonayana kendrIya saMyojana samiti kregii| 5. kendrIya saMyojana samiti apane sabhI rAjya evaM jilA saMyojakoM ke samparka meM rahegI, unheM ucita nirdeza degI, unheM kArya vistAra hetu Avazyaka suvidhAeM, sAmagrI evaM dhana pradAna karegI tathA unase kArya kI riporTa legii| rAjya saMyojakoM para jilA saMyojakoM ke kAma ko dekhate rahane kA vizeSa dAyitva hogaa| 6. jisa rAjya meM usake jiloM kI dasa pratizata saMkhyA meM yadi jilA saMyojaka manonIta ho jAeMge to rAjya ke akele saMyojaka ke sthAna para pAMca sadasyoM kI saMyojana samiti jilA saMyojakoM meM se banAI jAegI jo kendrIya saMyojana samiti kA kAma hogaa| isI prakAra jile meM tahasIloM kI dasa pratizata saMkhyA meM tahasIla saMyojaka manonIta ho jAe to jile meM akele saMyojaka ke sthAna para tIna sadasyoM kI saMyojana samiti banAI jAegI jo kAma rAjya saMyojana samiti kregii| nIce se Upara taka kA saMbaMdha vyavasthita rUpa se abhiyAna ko sazakta banAtA rhegaa| 7. tAtkAlika prabandha ke lie manonIta sadasyoM kI cAritrika prAmANikatA evaM nyAyapriyatA kI vizeSa khyAti honI caahie| 8. eka varSa bAda cunAva prakriyA saMcAlita kI jAnI caahie| cunAva kA krama isa prakAra hogA(a) pratyeka grAma, nagara yA tahasIla stara para eka sAdhAraNa samiti bane jisameM 'caritrazIla' alaMkaraNa se yukta sabhI sadasya hoMge tathA utane hI sadasya cAritrika pratiSThA vAle saMbaMdhita kSetra ke logoM meM se lie jaaveN| yaha sAdhAraNa samiti apane kSetra meM abhiyAna kA kAmakAja saMcAlita kregii| ye sabhI sadasya jilA sAdhAraNa samiti ke apane pratinidhitva ke lie dasa pratizata pratinidhi cunakara bhejeNge| (ba) grAma, nagara yA tahasIla samitiyoM se cuna kara Ae pratinidhiyoM se jilA sAdhAraNa samiti 500

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nava-jAgaraNa kA bahuAyAmI kAryakrama saMgaThita hogii| kArya kI suvidhA ke lie yaha samiti jilA kAryakAriNI kA cunAva kregii| (sa) isI prakAra jilA sAdhAraNa samitiyoM dvArA dasa pratizata pratinidhiyoM kA cunAva hogA jinase rAjya sAdhAraNa samiti kA gaThana hogaa| yaha samiti apanI kAryakAriNI kA cunAva kregii| (da) isI prakAra rAjya sAdhAraNa samiti se cune gae pratinidhi kendrIya sAdhAraNa samiti kA gaThana kreNge| kendrIya sAdhAraNa samiti apanI kAryakAriNI kA cunAva kregii| (ya) sabhI staroM para sAdhAraNa samitiyAM caritra nirmANa kI dRSTi se sthAnIya yogya vyaktiyoM ko sadasya ke nAte manonIta kara skeNgii| ___ (pha) sadasyoM kI cAritrika pratiSThA sarvatra mahattvapUrNa rhegii| 9. sadasyoM tathA padAdhikAriyoM ke adhikAroM evaM karttavyoM ke saMbaMdha meM nirNaya yathAvasara liyA jaaegaa| 10. pUrNa saMvidhAna kI racanA yathAvasara eka saMvidhAna samiti dvArA kI jaaegii| abhiyAna ko eka racanAtmaka prayoga mAnate hue pUrI satarkatA rahe : yaha sahI hai ki deza ke sabhI kSetroM meM vAtAvaraNa vikRta hai tathA kaI prakAroM se aniyamita tathA anaitika kArya kie jAte haiM, kintu isa vAtAvaraNa kI chAyA taka abhiyAna ke kAmakAja para nahIM par3anI caahie| isakA kAraNa sApha hai| yaha abhiyAna caritra nirmANa kA abhiyAna hai, jise caritra ko hI sarvopari mahattva denA hai| jahAM caritra ko hI saMvArane kA kArya karanA hai, usa saMgaThana meM udAharaNa ke lie bhI caritrahInatA kA koI kArya jAne-anajAne bhI nahIM honA caahie| isakI kaThora satarkatA rahanI caahie| yaha abhiyAna eka racanAtmaka prayoga hai ataH isakI prakriyA sarvatra svaccha evaM zuddha honI cAhie, balki pratyeka sAmAnya jana taka ko vaha svaccha evaM zuddha dikhAI bhI dI jAnI caahie| yoM samajhie ki caritrazIlatA kA pramANa-patra isa abhiyAna ke pratyeka sadasya, padAdhikArI evaM kAryakartA kI kamIja para sadA TaMgA huA hI rahanA caahie| ye saba caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA ke hI staMbha hoNge| caritra nirmANa pahale stara para svayaM kA bhI sarala nahIM hotA hai| vyakti ko apane kArya kSetra meM kaI haisiyatoM se alaga-alaga kSetroM meM kAma karanA par3atA hai tathA unameM sabhI prakAra ke tattva maujUda rahate haiN| jaba taka caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA UparI staroM taka saphalatApUrvaka nahIM pahuMcatI hai, taba taka to caritrazIla vyakti ko unakA mukAbalA karate rahanA pdd'egaa| caritrazIla vyakti kA caritrahIna vyavasthA meM kAma kara rahe caritrahIna vyaktiyoM se paga-paga para TakarAnA usake lie kaI prakAra se hAnikAraka siddha ho sakatA hai, kintu aisA to hogA aura hAni sahana karane kI taiyArI bhI caritrazIla vyakti ko rakhanI hogii| ___parantu yaha ghabarAne kI bAta nahIM hai| ye parezAniyAM prAthamika samaya meM hI jyAdA aaegii| isa satya ko kabhI nahIM bhUleM ki cora ke pAMva hamezA kacce hote haiM, ataH jaba caritra ke bindu para kisI bhI kImata para na jhukane vAlA vyakti bhraSTAcAriyoM ko lalakAregA to unakI himmata javAba de degii| yoM 501

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sucaritram . eka ora bhraSTAcAriyoM ke hausale TUTate jAeMge aura dUsarI ora caritra nirmANa abhiyAna meM lage kAryakartAoM kA sAhasa aura joza hara jIta ke morce para baDhatA jaaegaa| phira to unakI saMgharSa kI khyAti dUra-dUra taka phailatI jAegI aura unakA kAma AsAna hotA jaaegaa| eka bAra eka sthAna para pAMva jamane ke bAda to caritra nirmANa abhiyAna eka zakti ke rUpa meM phailatA jaaegaa| sarvAdhika protsAhana kI bAta to yaha hogI ki saphalatA ke daura meM apAra jana sahayoga isa abhiyAna ko milatA huA calA jaaegaa| jana sahayoga se kaunasI aisI samasyA ho sakatI hai jisake samAdhAna kA dabAva nahIM bar3ha jAtA hai| caritra nirmANa kI isa prakriyA meM vyakti kA caritra saMgharSoM ko jhelatA huA tathA kAmayAbI hAsila karatA huA phaulAdI rUpa le legaa| yaha svarUpa adhika se adhika vyaktiyoM ko AkarSita karegA tathA caritra kA sAmUhika svarUpa DhalatA huA calA jaaegaa| yadi pUrI saccAI aura samarpaNa kI vRttiyoM ke sAtha caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA cale to cAritrikatA ke pakSa meM eka prabala vAtAvaraNa bana jAegA aura yaha vAtAvaraNa tUphAna kI taraha caritrahInoM ke mahaloM taka ko hilA degaa| unake sAmane badalo yA chor3o ke sivAya tIsarA vikalpa nahIM bcegaa| isa pravAha meM abhiyAna kA kArya-vistAra Azcaryajanaka rIti se ho sakatA hai| abhI jo abhiyAna kA kArya bhAratavarSa taka sImita rakhA gayA hai, koI atizayokti nahIM ki abhiyAna anyAnya dezoM meM bhI phaile aura pUre vizva ke caritra nirmANa kI dizA meM Age bar3hane ke lie vivaza kara de| yuvA zakti kI jAgRti aura karmaThatA asaMbhava ko bhI saMbhava karake dikhA sakatI hai| 502

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caritra gati hetu grAhya guNasUtra va pracAra neTavarka 38

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caritra gati hetu grAha guNasUtra va pracAra neTavarka caritra nirmANa abhiyAna kA vistAra yaha savA-savA lAkha ke do motiyoM kI kahAnI hai / kaise the ve motI? ve motI eka caritraniSTha puruSa kI AMkhoM se Tapake the aura eka dUsare caritraniSTha puruSa ne unakI pahacAna kI thI, mUlyAMkana jAMcA thA aura tadanusAra bhugatAna kiyA thA / yaha kahAnI hai seTha savAcaMda aura seTha somacaMda kI / seTha savAcaMda vaise to ucca caritravAna evaM dhairyazAlI prakRti kA puruSa thA, magara musIbatoM kI eka ke bAda eka AtI TakkaroM ne use hatAza kara diyA thaa| paristhiti itanI viSama bana gaI ki lAkhoM kA svAmI apane parivAra kA pAlana-poSaNa taka karane meM azakta ho gyaa| itanI bar3I vipadA meM ghira jAne ke bAvajUda bhI savAcaMda ne apane caritra ko kahIM se bhI durbala nahIM hone diyA tathA na hI apanI nyAya-nIti evaM naitikatA hI tyaagii| jina-jina se use bakAyA rAziyAM lenI thI ve isa viparIta paristhiti meM unheM lauTAne se mukara gae, kintu jinako savAcaMda se rUpayA lenA thA, ve sabhI takAdA karane lge| usane apane makAna-dukAna tathA cala-acala sampatti beca kara saMba kI denadArI cukAI / usane kisI kA karja bAkI nahIM

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sucaritram rakhA-ImAnadArI kA dAmana nahIM chodd'aa| seTha ne saMtoSa kI sAMsa lI aura nagara se bAhara eka choTI-sI jhoMpar3I meM garIba-gujarAna karane lgaa| kahAvate haiM-kor3ha meM khAja aura akAla meM adhika mAsa kI yA garIbI meM ATA gIlA hone kii| acAnaka eka lenadAra aura A gyaa| vaha eka rAjapUta bhAI thA aura usakA seTha ke yahAM purAnA hisAba kitAba thaa| usake savA lAkha rUpae ruke hue the| usane bhI seTha ke bAre meM sunA to vaha bhI apanI rAzi vasUla karane ke lie A khar3A huaa| seTha ne AjIjI se use kahA-bhAI, merI Arthika dazA ko abhI bhArI dhakkA lagA hai, isameM thor3A sA sudhAra hote hI sabase pahale maiM ApakI pAI-pAI cukA duuNgaa| lekina aise vakta meM koI viralA hI sAtha detA hai| rAjapUta ne kamara meM baMdhI talavAra kI mUTha para hAtha rakha kara dhamakI dI ki use usakA sArA rUpayA abhI hI caahie| seTha kI AMkhoM ke Age aMdherA chA gayA ki aba vaha kyA kare? koI nahIM dikhatA jo usakI sahAyatA kara sakatA ho| ___ seTha savAcaMda ne ahamadAbAda ke eka bar3e seTha kA nAma suna rakhA thA, paricaya kucha bhI nahIM thaa| lekina usa vakta to jAna para AI Aphata ko TAlane kA savAla thaa| usa seTha kA nAma thA seTha somacaMda / iSTadeva kA smaraNa karake usane eka huMDI seTha somacaMda ke nAma likhI kI amuka rAjapUta bhAI ko savA lAkha rupae kA bhugatAna kara diyA jAe aura huMDI rAjapUta bhAI ko sauMpa dii| savAcaMda mana meM ghabarA rahA thA ki usakI huMDI sikaranI to hai nahIM, tIna cAra dina bAda adhika krodhita hokara lauTane para yaha bhAI na jAne kyA karegA? rAjapUta bhAI savA lAkha kI huMDI lekara seTha somacaMda ke yahAM phuNcaa| usane huMDI kA eka-eka akSara par3hA, Upara se nIce taka usakI mana hI mana pUrI jAMca par3atAla kI aura apanI yAdadAzta para jora diyA, lekina use yAda nahIM AyA ki vaha seTha savAcaMda nAma ke kisI vyakti ko jAnatA hai aura usI kI hai yaha savA lAkha kI huNddii| vaha vicAra meM par3a gyaa| phira eka bAra aura usane huMDI para apanI pArakhI najara ghumAI, taba use na jAne kyA najara AyA ki usane apane munIma ko kahA ki huMDI lAne vAle ko savA lAkha kI rAzi kA cukArA kara diyA jaae| usa rAjapUta bhAI ko rUpayA hI nahIM milA, balki seTha somacaMda kI zAnadAra mehamAnanavAjI bhI milii| usane lauTakara khuzI-khuzI ye sArI bAteM seTha savAcaMda ko sunAI aura usakA dhanyavAda karake vaha apane sthAna ko lauTa gyaa| seTha savAcaMda yaha saba sunakara cakita raha gayA ki Akhira yaha saba ho kaise gayA? ghAtaka ciMtA miTI aura usane mana hI mana seTha somacaMda ke prati lAkha-lAkha AbhAra vyakta kiyaa| udhara seTha somacaMda bhI vaha bhugatAna karake kAphI samaya bAda use ekadama bhulA hI baitthaa| sadA samaya eka sA nahIM rahatA aura savAcaMda ke dina bhI phire| phira se usake pAsa lAkhoM kI sampatti jamA ho gii| seTha somacaMda to dekara bhUla gayA-caritraniSThA jo usakI raga-raga meM samAI huI thI, lekina lekara savAcaMda ke lie bhUlane kI bAta kahAM thI-usake bhI rakta meM caritraniSThA kA hI to saMcAra thaa| byAja sahita huMDI kI rAzi lekara seTha somacaMda ko cukAne ke lie vaha ahamadAbAda phuNcaa| koI kisI ko jAnatA-pahacAnatA nahIM thA so pahale bar3A asamaMjasa rahA, lekina savAcaMda ne sArI bAta batAI aura apanA amita AbhAra prakaTa karate hue rAzi somacaMda ke sAmane dhara dii| bar3I 504

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caritra gati hetu grAhaguNasUtra va pracAra neTavarka muzkila se use yAda AyA ki savA lAkha kI rAzi kisI rAjapUta bhAI ko dI thii| huMDI kI bAta bhI yAda AI aura huMDI ke rahasya kI bAta bhii| jaba savAcaMda ne rAzi svIkAra karane kI haTha kI to somacaMda ne kahA-bhAI ! maiMne tumhAre para koI upakAra nahIM kiyA aura na hI savA lAkha kI rAzi maiMne tumheM dI thii| maiMne to do motI kharIde the, unameM se eka kA mUlya savA lAkha maiMne usa rAjapUta bhAI ko cukA diyA aura dUsare ke mUlya ke savA lAkha rupae bAkI haiM ve tumheM lene hoNge| yaha kahakara usane munIma ko savA lAkha rupae lAkara savAcaMda ko dene kA Adeza diyaa| seTha savAcaMda to hataprabha raha gayA ki yaha do motI vAlI bAta kyA hai? usako cakita hotA huA dekha somacaMda ne munIma ko vaha huMDI lAne ko bhI khaa| ____ huMDI ke sAtha savAcaMda kI ciTThI thI use somacaMda ne savAcaMda ko dikhAI aura batAyA ki tumhArI AMkhoM se jo do motI isa ciTThI para gire, ve isa para sApha dikhAI de rahe haiM, basa maiMne ye hI donoM motI kharIda lie aura yaha dUsare motI kA mUlya tuma saMbhAlo, mujhe koI rAzi dene kI jarUrata nahIM hai| savAcaMda to jaise sneha bhare AbhAra ke zItala jala meM DUba kara nahA utthaa| vaha bola hI par3A-"maiM dhanya huA Apa jaise caritravAna puruSa ke darzana karake, jisane merI gaharI vyathA samajhI aura huMDI svIkAra karake mujhe ghAtaka sthiti se bcaayaa| Apane to caritra sampannatA kI usa utkRSTatA kA paricaya diyA hai mujhe karjadAra bhI nahIM banAyA aura adhika rAzi dene kA prastAva karake mujhe anUThA sneha diyA hai| maiM parama AbhArI huuN|" abhiyAna kI mArmikatA spaSTa karane vAle grAhya guNasUtra : praznottara ke mAdhyama se caritra nirmANa abhiyAna koI sAmAnya abhiyAna nahIM hai| jaisA U~cA isa abhiyAna kA uddezya hai, vaisI hI U~cI isakI guNAtmakatA bhI honI caahie| abhiyAna kI prakriyA meM prayAsarata caritra nirmANa ke prazikSaNArthiyoM, svayaMsevakoM Adi kA pradhAna svabhAva guNa-grAhakatA ke rUpa meM DhalanA caahie| pratyeka guNa ke svarUpa ko spaSTatayA samajha kara use kriyAnvita karane ke kArya meM ekAgratA kA abhyAsa kiyA jAnA caahie| yahAM praznottara ke mAdhyama se abhiyAna kI mArmikatA ko spaSTa karane vAle grAhya guNasUtroM kA saMkSipta svarUpAMkana sahita vivaraNa diyA jA rahA hai| 1. ziSya ne pUchA - 'kyA dhAraNa karU~-zakti yA zAnti?' guru ne khaa-'shaanti|' zakti kI sAdhanA dvaita kI sAdhanA hai| usake prayoga ke lie koI dUsarA cAhie jabaki zAnti kI sAdhanA advaita kI sAdhanA hai, usake lie ekatva kI anubhUti hI paryApta hai| 2. ziSya ne pUchA-'kyA banUM-mRNmaya yA cinmaya?' guru ne khaa-'cinmy|' kyoMki cinmaya UrdhvagAmI hotA, jabaki mRNmaya adhogaamii| UMcA uThanA halkepana para nirbhara karatA hai, bhArI to nIce hI giregaa| 505

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sucaritram 3.ziSya ne pUchA-'sahI kyA-ulajhanA yA sulajhanA?' guru ne khaa-'suljhnaa|' kyoMki jisane mamatva ke vazIbhUta hokara jIvana ko dekhA, vaha ulajha gayA aura jisane nirapekSa hokara mRtyu ko dekhA, vaha sulajha gyaa| 4. ziSya ne pUchA- Avazyaka kyA, sunanA yA sIkhanA?' guru ne khaa-'siikhnaa|' kyoMki duniyA galatiyoM ke bAre meM sunatI hai, para sabaka nahIM siikhtii| galatI ko mAtra sunanA nahIM, usase sIkhanA cAhie tAki vaha dubArA na ho| 5. ziSya ne pUchA- kyA karanA-pakar3anA yA chor3anA?' guru ne khaa-'chodd'naa|' kyoMki pakar3anA bhI AsAna aura chor3anA bhI AsAna hai, kintu pakar3e hue ko chor3a denA atyanta kaThina hai| 6. ziSya ne pUchA-'kyA karU~-cintA yA cintana?' guru ne khaa-'cintn|' kyoMki cintana cAMdanI kI taraha jhilamilAtA hai, jabaki cintA agni kI taraha jalAtI hai| 7. ziSya ne pUchA-' zreSTha kyA, mAMganA yA denA?' guru ne kahA- denaa|' kyoMki mAMganA puruSArtha kA kalaMka hai jabaki denA puruSArtha kA vrdaan| 8. ziSya ne pUchA- kyA cAhU~-mauna yA vAcAlatA?' guru ne khaa-'maun|' kyoMki mauna sarvanAza se bacA sakatA hai tathA maunI kabhI nukasAna meM nahIM rahatA, jabaki vAcAla hara vakta bhayabhIta rahatA hai| 9.ziSya ne pUchA-'sahI kyA-jalanA yA bujhanA?' guru ne khaa-'bujhnaa|' kyoMki krodha kI Aga meM jala kara saba kucha svAhA kiyA, jabaki krodha kI Aga ko bujhA kara saba kucha bacA liyaa| 10. ziSya ne pUchA- kyA cAhie-khAlI dimAga yA bharA dimAga?' guru ne kahA-'khAlI dimaag|' kyoMki khAlI dimAga bhagavAn kA ghara hotA hai, jabaki bharA dimAga zaitAna kA ghara bana sakatA hai| 11. ziSya-'kyA -adhikAra yA karttavya?' guru-'krtvy|' kyoMki adhikAra meM ahaM hai aura ahaM ke AMkheM hotI haiM para ve dekhatI nahIM, kAna hai para sunate nahIM, pUMcha hai para pazu nahIM, mUMcha hai para marda nahIM, parantu karttavya ke pAsa kucha nahIM hote hue bhI saba kucha hotA hai| 12. ziSya-'kyA banU~-tAlA yA cAbI?' guru-'caabii|' kyoMki cAbI bhale hI choTI hai, para vaha bar3e se bar3e tAle ko khola sakatI hai| 506

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caritra gati hetu grAha guNasUtra va pracAra neTavarka hathaur3e kI mAra tAle ko cipakA sakatI hai para khola nahIM sakatI, jabaki choTI-sI cAbI tAle ko khola detI hai kyoMki vaha andara taka pahu~ca sakatI hai| 13. ziSya-kyA cunU~-Aga yA jala?' guru-'aag|' kyoMki Aga pAnI ko jalA kara bhApa banA sakatI hai para jala svayaM bhApa nahIM bana sktaa| Aga nirbhAra hai aura UrdhvagAmI, jala bhArI hai aura adhogaamii| 14. ziSya-' zreSTha kauna-jijJAsu yA sAdhaka?' guru-'saadhk|' kyoMki sAdhaka sAdhanA pahale karatA hai aura phira jAnatA evaM mAnatA hai, jabaki jijJAsu pahale jAnatA hai, phira mAnatA hai aura phira karatA hai| 15. ziSya-'kisameM vizvAsa kareM-dala meM yA dila meM?' guru-dala meN|' kyoMki dila vAle kA koI dala nahIM hotA, jabaki dala vAloM meM dila nahIM hotaa| 16. ziSya-'kyA acchA hai-udAharaNa athavA AcaraNa?' guru-'aacrnn|' kyoMki netA udAharaNa dekara janatA ko sirpha khuza karate haiM, jabaki saMta AcaraNa karake janatA ko sIkha dete haiN| 17. ziSya-'kyA cAhU~-vizvAsa yA zvAsa?' guru-'vishvaas|' kyoMki vizvAsa hI saccA zvAsa hotA hai, jabaki anitya zvAsa kA kyA vizvAsa? yaha zvAsa rAha calate-calate kabhI-bhI ruka sakatI hai| 18. ziSya- kyA priya ho-prasannatA yA khinnatA?' guru-'prsnntaa|' kyoMki prasannatA prakRti kI dena hotI hai jabaki khinnatA vikRti kI upj| prakRti kI dena ko vikRta nahIM banAnA hI priya honA caahie| 19. ziSya-'kyA acchA-jor3anA yA tor3anA?' guru-'jodd'naa|' kyoMki TUTI huI haDDI plAsTara se jur3a jAtI hai, para TUTA huA dila plAsTara se nahIM jur3atA, diloM ko tor3anA kabhI nahIM aura jor3anA sadA caahie| 20. ziSya-' zreSTha kyA-krodha yA prasannatA?' guru-'prsnntaa|' kyoMki prasannatA hone para vyakti pahale svayaM se sukhI hotA hai aura bAda meM sabhI ko sukhI karatA hai| kintu krodha, pahale svayaM vyakti ko duHkhI banAtA hai aura bAda meM sabako duHkhI banAtA hai| 21. ziSya-kyA cAhU~-satya yA saMyama?' guru-'sNym|' kyoMki satya kabhI-kabhI kaTu ho sakatA hai, dUsaroM ko apriya laga sakatA hai, 507

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sucaritram 508 jabaki saMyama satya ko bhI madhura evaM priya banA detA hai / 22. ziSya - 'kyA banU~ - guNI yA guNAnurAgI ?" guru - 'guNAnurAgI / ' kyoMki guNI bahuta mila sakate haiM, para guNAnurAgI kama milate haiN| ye guNAnurAgI guNiyoM ke sarjanahAra hote haiN| bIja aMkura ko paidA karatA hai, para aMkura bIjoM ko nahIM / 23. ziSya-' kyA cAhU~-sneha yA sadbhAva ?' guru-' sadbhAva / ' kyoMki sneha to apane vAloM ko samAna samajhanA mAtra hai jabaki sadbhAva prANimAtra ke prati zubha- bhAvanAoM kA pratiphala hai| 1 24. ziSya - ' kisakI AvazyakatA hai vicAra kI yA kalpanA kI ?' guru - ' vicAra kI / ' kyoMki kalpanA meM kevala ur3Ana hotI hai, nayepana kI tar3apana hotI hai kintu samaya usI kSaNa nae ko purAne meM badala detA hai jabaki vicAra vartamAnika hote haiM aura sArthaka hote haiN| 25. ziSya - 'kyA banU~ - amIra yA amara ?' guru-'amara / ' kyoMki amIra mara jAtA hai para usakA dhana par3A raha jAtA hai, jabaki amara na maratA hai, na janma letA hai, na dhana kamAtA hai aura na use dhana ko chor3anA par3atA hai| 26. ziSya - ' zreSTha kauna -sAgara yA jhIla ?' guru- 'sAgara / ' kyoMki nAlA bahatA huA jhIla ke pAsa pahuMcA milane ke lie, para jhIla ne inkAra kara diyA / nAlA sAgara ke pAsa pahuMcA, sAgara ne milA liyA / jhIla ruka gaI, sAgara laharAtA rhaa| bar3A-bar3A hI rahatA hai, vaha sabako milAtA aura saba meM milatA huA apane astitva ko sthAI banA letA hai / 27. ziSya - ' tAkata bar3I hai yA tapasyA ?' guru-' tapasyA / ' kyoMki tAkata ke bala para arjita kI gaI khyAti bijalI ke balba ke samAna hotI hai jo phyUja hote samaya adhika prakAza detA hai para anta meM usake tAra bikhara jAte haiN| jabaki tapasyA se prApta khyAti ko bhI tapasvI visarjita kara detA hai / 28. ziSya - 'mAyUsI cAhU~ yA muskAna ?' guru - 'muskaan|' kyoMki muskAna jiMdAdiloM kI pahacAna hotI hai, AkarSaNa kA pramukha kendra banatI hai jabaki mAyUsI mRtyu kA AmaMtraNa hai aura nimaMtraNa hotI hai anAdara evaM avasAda kA / 29. ziSya - 'kyA kaThina hai aura kyA sarala hai?' guru-'Atma-prazaMsA karanA sarala hai, kyoMki koI bhI vyakti apanI prazaMsA karane meM saMkoca nahIM karatA jabaki para-prazaMsA karanA kaThina hai| jaba taka guNAnurAga paidA nahIM hotA, taba taka

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caritra gati hetu grAha guNasUtra va pracAra neTavarka dUsaroM kI prazaMsA nahIM hotii|' 30. ziSya-'ImAnadArI kyoM nahIM TikatI?' guru-kyoMki vyakti apane hI lAbha kA dhyAna nahIM chor3a paataa| jahAM apane hI lAbha kA dhyAna ho, vahAM ImAnadArI kahA~?' 31. ziSya-' zreSTha kyA-zikSA yA dIkSA?' guru-dIkSA zreSTha hai|' kyoMki dIkSA deha ko zrama karane kI, mana ko karuNAzIla rahane kI aura mastiSka ko niSpApa banane kI zikSA pradAna karatI hai jabaki dIkSA vihIna zikSA kevala dhana kamAne kI kalA sikhalAtI hai| 32. ziSya-'kyA cAhU~-siddhi yA prasiddhi?' guru-'siddhi|' kyoMki prasiddhi ke jAla meM phaMsA vyakti siddhi se kosoM dUra hotA jAtA hai jabaki siddhi kI prApti meM prasiddhi apane Apa ho jAtI hai| 33. ziSya-'kyA acchA-vivAda yA saMvAda?' guru-sNvaad|' kyoMki sulajhe hue mana-mastiSka meM hI saMvAda paidA hotA hai, jo samanvaya evaM zAlInatA ko vikasita karatA hai jabaki vivAda vigraha tathA vaimanasya ko janma detA hai, jo anekatA aura vikhaMDatA ko panapAtA hai| saMvAda sukha aura zAnti kA mArga hai to vivAda duHkha aura azAnti kaa| 34. ziSya-'kyA karU~-zrama yA cintA?' guru-shrm|' kyoMki zrama sphUrti detA hai, mana meM AzAoM ko pallavita karatA hai jabaki cintA, citta evaM svAsthya ko caupaTa kara detI hai| 35. ziSya-'kauna acchA-svArthI yA paramArthI?' guru-'prmaarthii|' sva-deha ke bhAva ke ahaM se mukta svArtha hI paramArtha hai| aisA paramArthI hI saccA svArthI hotA hai, jisake lie 'sva' hI sarva hotA hai aura usa 'sva' meM sarva kI anubhUti karatA huA vaha paramArtha kA sarvocca maMgala rUpa bana jAtA hai| 36. ziSya-'kyA cAhU~-svarga yA naraka?' guru-'svarga bhI aura naraka bhI, mukti prApti kI gAraMTI meM svarga aura mukti prApti kI ayogyatA meM nrk|' 37. ziSya-'kyA mAMgU-AzA yA vizvAsa?' guru-'vishvaas|' kyoMki AtmavizvAsa se bhare vyakti kI sArI AzAeM pUrNa hotI hai jabaki mAtra AzAvAna vyakti avizvAsa ke ghere meM Abaddha hokara hI asaphala ho jAtA hai| 38. ziSya-'anuzAsana bar3A yA saMgaThana?' 509

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sucaritram . . guru-'anushaasn|' kyoMki anuzAsana, saMyama aura niyama meM jInA sikhalAtA hai jabaki saMgaThana vyaktiyoM kA samUha mAtra hotA hai| 39.ziSya-'dAna bar3A yA jJAna?' guru-'jnyaan|' kyoMki jJAnavAna aneka vyaktiyoM ko jJAnavAna banA sakatA hai aura zreSTha jJAna bhI vahI hai jo 'para' meM bhI 'sva' ko dekhatA hai jabaki dAna meM 'sva' aura 'para' ke bIca eka bheda kI dIvAra khar3I rahatI hai| 40. ziSya-'Asakti cAhU~ yA samarpaNa?' guru-'smrpnn|' kyoMki satya ke prati AkarSaNa hI samarpaNa ko janma detA hai jabaki Asakti asatya ke AkarSaNa kA pratiphala hotI hai| Asakti aMdhakAra hai to samarpaNa prakAza hai| Asakti svArtha se sanI hotI hai to samarpaNa ni:svArtha se pAvana hotA hai| 41. ziSya-'daridratA cAhU~ yA saMyama?' guru-sNym|' kyoMki dhanADhyatA meM yadi saMyama hai to vaha patana ke garta se bacA sakatA hai aura daridratA meM saMyama hai to vaha daridratA ke duHkha se bhI ubara sakatA hai jabaki saMyama ke abhAva meM daridratA evaM dhanAdayatA (adaridratA) donoM hI abhizApa hai| 42. ziSya- bhakti cAhU~ yA zakti?' guru-bhkti|' kyoMki bhakti zakti kA ajasra srota hotI hai| binA bhakti kI zakti vinAza kA khulA pleTaphArma hotI hai| bhakti se niyaMtrita zakti se hI vikAsa kA mArga prazasta hotA hai| 43. ziSya-'laghutA cAhU~ yA prabhutA?' guru-lghutaa|' kyoMki prabhutA to laghutA meM hI basI hai| jisakA ahaM gala jAtA hai, vahI 'arham' banatA hai| jabaki apane Apako prabhu mAnane vAlA prabhu nahIM, pazu-sama jIvana jItA 44. ziSya-'ijjata cAhU~ yA daulata?'.. . guru-'ijjt|' jisakI ijjata hotI hai usake pAsa sabase bar3I vahI daulata hai aura binA ijjata ke daulata kisa kAma kI? 45. ziSya-'badalatA kyA hai-rUpa yA svabhAva?' * guru-svbhaav|' kyoMki rUpa raMga janmajAta hote haiM jo badale nahIM jA sakate jabaki svabhAva saMsarga evaM saMskAroM kA sahajAta hotA hai, use badalanA vyakti ke hAthoM meM hai| vaha jaisA cAhe, apane svabhAva kA nirmANa kara sakatA hai| 46. ziSya-parAkramazIla hoU~ athavA gatizIla hoU~?' guru-'praakrmshiil|' kyoMki parAkrama jIva kA svabhAva hai, vaha jaba taka nahIM jAgatA hai taba 510

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caritra gati hetu grAhaguNasUtra va pracAra neTavarka taka gati meM pragati nahIM aatii| gati jar3a padArtha meM bhI saMbhava hai, jabaki parAkrama caitanya meM hI hotA hai| 47. ziSya-'bahirnAda sunU~ yA antarnAda?' guru-'antrnaad|' kyoMki antarnAda sunane vAlA sad evaM asad ke viveka se sampanna ho jAtA hai| viveka sampanna sAdhaka Arta evaM Arta ke kAraNoM se mukta ho jAtA hai| jabaki ArtanAda yA bahirnAda ko sunane vAlA saMyoga meM prasanna tathA viyoga meM khinna tathA nirAza hokara hI jItA hai aura maraNa bhI usI avasthA meM prApta karatA hai| 48. ziSya- bahirveda jAnU~ yA antarveda?' guru-'antarveda / ' kyoMki antarveda ko jAne binA bahirvedoM kA jJAna adhUrA hai| antarveda se hI brahmA yA paramAtmA kA svarUpa jJAta hotA hai jabaki bahirveda mAtra bhautika jagat kA jJAna karavA sakatA hai| 49. ziSya-'sukha cAhU~ yA samAdhi?' guru-'smaadhi|' kyoMki samAdhi Atmika hotI hai jabaki sukha tana evaM mana se saMbaMdha rakhatA hai| Atmika samAdhi prApta karane vAlA tana evaM mana ke duHkhoM meM bhI sukha kA anubhava karatA 50. ziSya-'kAtara zreSTha hai yA durbala zreSTha hai?' guru-'durbala zreSTha hai|' kyoMki durbala vyakti bhaya evaM zoka se vimukta ho sakate haiM jabaki kAtara vyakti sadA bhayabhIta rahate haiM tathA zoka se saMtapta rahate haiN| kAtaratA evaM bhaya ke bIca ghaniSTha saMbaMdha hai| 51. ziSya- lenA cAhU~ yA denA?' guru-denaa|' kyoMki dene vAlA avazya hI prApta karatA hai jabaki lene vAlA die binA kucha bhI prApta nahIM kara sakatA hai| dene vAlA binA cAhe bhI sammAna prApta karatA hai jabaki sammAna die binA sammAna pAnA saMbhava nahIM hai| 52. ziSya-'kIrti cAhU~ yA zlAghA?' guru-kiirti|' kyoMki zlAghA kI paridhi bahuta choTI evaM sthAnIya hotI hai jabaki kIrti kI paridhi sarva dik evaM sthAyI hotI hai| cAha na kIrti kI honI cAhie aura na zlAghA kii| phira bhI zlAghA kI bajAya kIrti zreSTha evaM jyeSTha hai| 53. ziSya-'utsukatA cAhU~ yA dhairya?' guru- dhairy|' kyoMki utsukatA aprApta ko prApta karate hI samApta ho jAtI hai, para samApti se pahale anya aneka utsukatAoM ko janma detI hai jabaki dhairya aprApta ko prApta karane kI cAha se hI zrAnta evaM vizrAnta hotA hai| 511

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sucaritram isa AtmAnubhUti ke kSaNoM se gujaranA cAhie abhiyAna ke pratyeka sahabhAgI ko: caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ke pratyeka sahabhAgI-cAhe vaha abhiyAna kA saMcAlaka ho yA paryavekSaka, svayaM-sevaka ho yA kAryakartA athavA abhiyAna kA prazikSaNArthI ho yA abhyAsI, sabako apanAapanA dAyitva bakhUbI samajhanA caahie| sAmAnya kI apekSA kaI gunA vizeSa dAyitva mAnanA cAhie, isa sarvopayogI vijaya abhiyAna kaa| inakI saphalatA para deza ke aneka nAgarikoM kA hI nahIM, samacI vyavasthA ke caritra parivartana kA bhI bhAvI TikA huA rhegaa| isa dRSTi se abhiyAna ke sabhI sahabhAgiyoM kI mAnasikatA meM ekAgratA, saMyuktatA tathA karmaThatA ke lie Avazyaka hai ki ve apanI AtmAnubhUti ko sazakta banA leM tAki unakI icchAzakti evaM kAryakSamatA abhiyAna ke daurAna sajaga evaM sakriya raha ske| tadartha AtmAnubhUti ke kucha cintanIya bindu yahAM prastuta haiM aura ina AtmAnubhUti ke kSaNoM meM sahabhAgIgaNa taba taka gujarate raheM, jaba taka Avazyaka dRr3hatA kI unheM prApti na ho jAe1. hama aisI cinagArI bana sakate haiM jisase asat, azuddha evaM azubha ke Dhera ko jalA kara naSTa kara skeN| vAstava meM cinagArI kA hI mahattva hai| choTe-choTe prayAsa jitane mahattvapUrNa hote haiM, utanA mahattva bar3e prayAsa kA nahIM hotaa| jvAlAeM eka sAtha bhabhakatI hai aura sabako bhasmIbhUta kara detI hai| hA~, cinagArI bhI yahI jalAne kA hI kAma karatI hai, lekina tAkata meM antara hai| jyAdA tAkatavara jaldI hI nirutsAhita ho jAtA hai, parantu cinagArI bhale hI kama tAkatavara ho, para jalatI hI rahegI aura aisA kAma karegI jo jvAlA nahIM kara paatii| phira ye cinagAriyA~ eka sAtha samUha meM hI uchalatI aura kAma karatI haiN| vahI cinagArI hama baneM jo hamAre bhItara rahe hae asata. azaddha evaM azubha ke Dhera ko jalA sake, cAritrikatA kA utthAna kara sake evaM bAhara ke aise hI Dhera ko bhI caritrabala ke mAdhyama se jalA kara sarvatra caritraniSThA ke sukhada vAtAvaraNa kI racanA kara de| 2. hama kaSToM, saMkaToM evaM ApadAoM ke halAhala ko pInA sIkheM, kyoMki hamAre Adarza puruSoM ne bhI aisA hI kiyA thaa| koI bhI sAdhanA yA koI bhI abhiyAna sugama nahIM hotA, usake pIche kitane kaSTa bhare hote haiN| isakA pUrvAkalana Avazyaka hai tAki samaya para dRr3hatA kA paricaya diyA jA ske|. 3. hamAre ArAdhya, sAdhya, lakSya isa caritrahInatA ke gahana aMdhakAra meM caritra sampannatA ke camakate hue sitAre haiM-inake prakAza meM bhI agara hama apane dAyitvoM kA samyak nirvAhana kara sake tathA caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ko zAnadAra saphalatA na dilA sake to isase bar3ha kara durbhAgyasUcaka dUsarI bAta kyA hogI? 4. guru, prabhu evaM Adarza puruSoM kI zaraNa caritra nirmANa abhiyAna kA mAdhyama vyakti se lekara vizva taka ko caritrazIlatA ke kinAre taka pahuMcAne ke lie eka sundara, suvyavasthita evaM majabUta pota ke samAna hai tathA isa abhiyAna ke rUpa meM vaha pota hameM prApta huA hai| usa para hama savAra ho jaae| basa, savAra hone bhara kI AvazyakatA hai ki yaha zaraNa hameM apanI maMjila taka pahuMcA degii| 5. caritra nirmANa ke satkArya meM hama itane magna ho jAeM ki hamAre antara meM jJAna, darzana, cAritra kI 512

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caritra gati hetu grAha guNasUtra va pracAra neTavarka triveNI bahatI rahe aura hama usameM avagAhita bane raheM / yaha eka aisI triveNI hai jisameM avagAhita rahane vAlA sAdhaka saphala hI nahIM, amara bhI ho jAtA hai| 6. hamAre jIvana kA kyA zrRMgAra hai - yaha abhiyAna ke sahabhAgiyoM ko cintana karate rahanA caahie| * anuzAsanapUrvaka maryAdAoM kA pAlana karanA yaha zrRMgAra hama hI kara sakate haiM - hameM chor3akara anya koI pazu-pakSI nahIM kara skte| yaha mAnava kI hI zakyatA hotI hai| hameM to AnuSaMgika aura vAstavika rIti se anuzAsana pUrvaka maryAdAoM kA pAlana karate hue jIvana ko zrRMgArita karanA hai| 7. hamArI pragati kA AdhAra kyA hai? yaha to nahIM ki hama kitanA khA sakate haiM yA cala sakate haiM yA bola sakate haiM yA aise hI anya kArya kara sakate haiM- pragati ke mApadaMDa ina se alaga hote haiN| hamArI bhItarI yA bAharI samUcI pragati kA AdhAra to hamArI caritraniSThA hI ho sakatI hai jisake dvArA saralatA, sahajatA, vAstavikatA Adi sadguNoM kI hama apane svayaM ke AcaraNa se anya logoM ko preraNA bhI de sakate haiN| hamAre jIvana kI pragati kA yahI saccA mApadaMDa hotA hai| 8. hamAre Ananda ke dvAra kyA ho sakate haiM? caritra nirmANa se prApta mRdutA, maitrI, sahajatA hamAre Ananda ke dvAra ho sakate haiM jo hameM caritra sampannatA ke Ananda - bhavana meM praveza kraaeNge| 9. caritra nirmANa kI nIMva aisI Thosa ho ki jo hameM yathArthatAoM ke indraloka meM vicaraNa karanA sikhAveM tathA caritra vikAsa ke patha para Age bar3hAve / kalpanAoM kA indraloka bar3A suramya ho sakatA hai, lekina usase prApta kucha bhI nahIM hotA / yathArthatAeM hI hameM aprApta bhI prApta karavAtI haiM to aprApya ko bhI prApya banA detI haiN| 10. caritrazIlatA ke phulla- praphulla udyAna meM koI bhI ceharA murjhAyA huA na rhe| khile hue phUla kI taraha hama sadA sarvadA muskurAte hI raheM, kyoMki jaise murjhAe hue phUla ko koI nahIM cAhatA, vaise hI hama bhI murjhAyA ceharA lekara phirate raheMge to hameM koI nahIM cAhegA / 11. jaba hama vicAroM ko abhivyakta karane lagate haiM taba hameM apanI yogyatA kI parIkSA denI hotI hai| vicArAbhivyakti dvArA vaicArikatA meM prakharatA AtI hai| usa samaya hamAre bhItara meM rahe hue anubhavoM ke nidhAna prakaTa hone lagate haiN| isalie caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ke daurAna jana-samUha ke bIca hameM apane vicAroM ko vyavasthita DhaMga se prastuta karane se nahIM katarAnA caahie| 12. caritra nirmANa abhiyAna meM hama hamAre jIvana pravAha kI pratyeka lahara ko samyak mor3a dete rahane ke lie tatpara raheM aura yahI hamArA uddezya bana jaae| bahuta bAra hama uddezya nirdhArita to kara lete haiM, para usake anukUla karmaThatA nahIM sadha pAtI hai| hama kaThora se kaThora prayatna karane se katarAne lagate haiM aura Avazyaka kaTibaddhatA nahIM bntii| parantu isa abhiyAna ke lie karmaThatA ke kArya karane ke lie hama saMkalpabaddha ho jaae| 13. khataroM ko jhelane vAlA hI kAmayAba hotA hai| jo khataroM ko dekha kara ghabarA jAtA hai aura kArya kSetra se bhAga khar3A hotA hai vaha kahIM bhI kisI vijayazrI ko prApta nahIM kara sakatA hai| vijayazrI unhIM ko hastagata hotI hai jo bar3e se bar3e khatare kA mukAbalA karane kA sAmarthya paidA kara letA hai| i 513

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sucaritram abhiyAna ko pUrNa saphala banAne ke mahadkArya meM hamArI kSamatAeM bar3heM, hamArI upayogitA baDheM, hamArI kArya paddhatiyAM vikasita hoM-isake lie hameM kisI ke avadAnoM kI bhikSA nahIM mAMganI hai, hameM svataH se hI aisI paristhiti paidA karanI hogI. eka-sA vAtAvaraNa aura aisA deza. bhAva nirmita karane hoMge ki caritra nirmANa kA uddezya pAne ke lie jana-jana kI tatparatA ugra bane aura hama sabako sAtha meM lekara vikAsa kI dizA meM nirantara Age se Age bar3hate raheM-sadaiva sabake lie upayogI bane rheN| 14. kevala pravRttiparaka dharma aura karttavya kI sAdhanA hamAre abhiyAna ke dAyare ko vistRta banA sakatI hai, parantu utane mAtra se kendra majabUta nahIM ho sktaa| sAtha hI nivRttiparaka dharma kI sAdhanA kendra ko majabUta banA sakatI hai parantu usase bhI paridhi ko sudRr3ha evaM pariSkRta nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| isalie jIvana aura dharma meM eka zreSTha kAryazIla saMtulana paidA karanA hogA, jo kendra ko majabata banAegA to usase una kaThina paristhitiyoM kA saphalatAparvaka sAmanA bhI kiyA jA sakegA, jo abhiyAna ke daurAna taraha-taraha kI zakloM meM sAmane upasthita ho sakatI haiN| yaha saMtulana hI hamAre vyaktitva ko sarvatomukhI banA skegaa| AtmAnubhUti kA abhiprAya spaSTa honA cAhie ki mAnanIya vicAra mana-mastiSka meM jama jAeM aura unake smaraNa se zithila hotI icchAzakti sakriya ho jAe tathA kArya-kSamatA nirutsAha ke gheroM se nikala kara apanA jauhara dikhAne lge| apane Apako svayaM dekheM-dekhate raheM aura dRr3hatA ke sUtroM ko jor3ate raheM: - apane Apako svayaM dekhane ke arthAt dRSTA banane ke anekAneka lAbha haiN| kisI bhI vastu ko dekhane aura dekhate rahane se hI usa vastu ke mUla tathA parivartanazIla svarUpoM kI sahI samIkSA kI jA sakatI hai| sahI samIkSA ke AdhAra para liyA jAne vAlA sahI sudhAra yA parivartana kA caraNa hI nizcita saphalatA prApta kara sakatA hai| sahI samIkSA, sahI kArya aura sahI mAnasikatA rahe to usakA pariNAma bhI sahI hI rhegaa| yahI paddhati jaba hama apane hI Upara lAgU kareM ki apane Apako svayaM dekheM-dekhate raheM to nizcita mAnie ki jo kArya hama kareMge vaha avazya phaladAyI hogaa| caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ke saMdarbha meM to pratyeka sahabhAgI ke lie yaha kArya paddhati anivArya-sI mAnanI caahie| isake dvArA yadi hama sadA sarvatra pUrI taraha sannaddha rahate haiM to hama nirantara dRr3hatA ke sUtroM ko Apasa meM jor3ate raha sakeMge aura bar3hatI huI dRr3hatA se utsAhita hote hue athaka rUpa se gati karate rheNge| isa uddezya ke pariprekSya meM yahAM hama kucha aise siddhAntoM kI carcA kara rahe haiM, jinakA suprabhAva abhiyAna ke sahabhAgiyoM ke svayaM ke jIvana, unakI kArya kSamatA evaM paddhati para par3e binA nahIM rhegaa| 1.kSaNa ko jAnie : mahAvIra kA upadeza hai ki kSaNa ko jAnie aura jo kSaNa ko jAna letA hai, vAstava meM vahI paMDita hai, vahI jJAnI hai (khaNa jANaI pNddie)| kyoM jAneM kSaNa ko? kyoki kSaNa hI vartamAna hai-jo kSaNa bIta gayA, vaha atIta ho gayA tathA jo kSaNa Ane vAlA hai vaha bhAvI hai| isa kAraNa jo kSaNa vartamAna hai, vahI mahattvapUrNa aura vAstava meM vahI jIvana hai-jIvana nirmAtA hai| kSaNa ko jAnane 514

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caritra gati hetu grAhaguNasUtra va pracAra neTavarka kA yahI rahasya hai ki Apa apanI dRSTi kSaNa para kendrita kara leM aura usI kI sArthakatA dene ke lie kaTibaddha ho jAe-basa eka kSaNa ko jAna lene vAlA pUre samaya para vijaya prApta kara sakatA hai| pazcima ke eka lokapriya lekhaka Dela kArnegI ne bhI isI bindu para bala dete hue sUtra-vAkya hI kahA hai-kSaNa ko pakar3a lo| unake anusAra kSaNa ko pakar3a liyA yAnI ki usakA sadupayoga kara liyA to jIvana kA sadupayoga svataH hI sadha jaaegaa| 2.smRti ko saMvArie : smRti ke binA vismRta ho jAtI hai sabhI bAteM aura ati mahattva kI bAteM bhii| yaha ukti sabhI jAnate hoMge ki 'pATha bhUlA kyoM, ghor3A ar3A kyoM aura pAna sar3A kyoM'sabakA eka hI uttara hai ki 'pherA nahIM' yAnI ki smRti nahIM kI, ulaTa-pulaTa nahIM kiyaa| pATha par3hane ke sAtha abhyAsa karanA hotA hai ki vaha yAda rhe| ghor3A taba ar3atA hai jaba use lagAtAra pherA nahIM jaataa| pAna bhI sar3a jAtA hai jaba use bAra-bAra ulaTA-pulaTA nahIM jaataa| hama jo bhI saMkalpa kareM, jo bhI pratijJAeM leM tathA jo bhI kArya karane kA nizcaya kareM-usake sAtha smRti ko saMvAra kara joDa leM jo Apako usakI pratikSaNa yAda dilAtI rahegI aura Apako kAryarata bane rahane ke lie utsAhita karatI rhegii| eka udAharaNa leN| hamane yaha samajha liyA aura dhAraNA banA lI ki caritra nirmANa tathA vikAsa ke prabhAva se hama sarvatra ahiMsaka jIvanazailI kA vikAsa kara sakate haiM to isa dhAraNA ko jaba bAra-bAra smaraNa karate raheMge to hama niSkriya nahIM raha skeNge| ____3. satsaMskAra DhAlie : hama apane jIvana ko sudhAreM, caritrazIlatA kI dizA meM Age paga bar3hAveM tathA Avazyaka parivartanoM ko tejI se lAveM-yaha vartamAna ke lie jarUrI hai, kintu yaha prakriyA nirantara calatI rahanI cAhie, caritra nirmANa evaM vikAsa kA kArya satata rUpa se calatA rahanA cAhieisake lie naI pIr3hI meM bhI satsaMskAroM kA AropaNa anivArya hai| Apa apane sadAcaraNa se satsaMskAra DhAlie tAki ve satsaMskAra svataH hI ApakI santati meM DhalateM jaaveN|. ... 4.AtmAlocanA karanA na bhUleM : hamane kyA kiyA, kyA jo karanA cAhie thA vaha nahIM kiyA athavA karaNIya ko hama bhUla hI gae, isakI jAnakArI tabhI ho sakatI hai jaba hama pratidina AtmAlocanA kA krama bnaaveN| pratikramaNa kyA hai? yahI to hai ki jo kiyA aura acchA nahIM kiyA usakA pazcAttApa kareM tathA Age se vaisA na karane kA saMkalpa grahaNa kreN| AtmAlocanA se AtmamaMthana hotA hai aura AtmavizvAsa sudRr3ha banatA hai| Atma-vizvAsa hI to vaha anUThI zakti kA pradAtA hai jo kabhI kisI bhI paristhiti meM nisteja nahIM hotii| caritra nirmANa abhiyAna meM saca kaheM to isI zakti kI sabake lie mahatI AvazyakatA hotI hai| ____5. sArAdhaka baneM : AkRti, prakRti, vyavahAra, vicAra-ina sabako saha pAnA jIvana kI bar3I kalA hai aura isa kalA kI zikSA milatI hai sarvArAdhaka hone meN| sarvArAdhanA kyA? sabakI ArAdhanA arthAt sabako saho, kisI ko bhI apane vicAra, vacana yA vyavahAra se Ahata mata kro| Aja kI sabase bar3I samasyA hai-ashissnnutaa| koI kisI ko sahanA nahIM caahtaa| kyoM maiM hI sahUM-jaise yaha haTha bana gaI hai| eka vicAra dUsare vicAra ko, eka deza dUsare deza ko, eka samAja dUsare samAja ko, eka sampradAya dUsare sampradAya ko, yahAM taka ki eka vyakti dUsare vyakti ko sahana nahIM kara rahA hai| 515

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sucaritram asahiSNutA ke kAraNa aneka samasyAeM janma letI jA rahI haiM, ataH sahiSNutA kA vikAsa Avazyaka hai tathA isa abhiyAna ke lie to anivArya maanie| jJAtA-dRSTAbhAva kA malUla abhiprAya yahI hai ki mana kA zodhana ho, mana kA sAmarthya bar3he tathA mana ko caritrazIlatA ke patha para gatimAna bnaaveN| isake lie mana kA recana karanA cAhie-paMca karma karanA caahie| isameM sammilita haiM-jJAtA-dRSTA bhAva kA vikAsa, azuddha evaM azubha vijAtIya kaNoM se chuTakArA, nirmalatA kA prasAra, AcaraNa zuddhatA evaM kriyAzIlatA aadi| jyoM-jyoM mana kA zodhana hotA jAegA, jJAtA-dRSTA bhAva sthAyitva pakar3a legaa| yaha bhAva hamAre mana kA praharI bana jAegA, phira koI vibhAva bhItara kaise ghusa sakatA hai? aise zuddha evaM sakriya mana ke sAtha caritra nirmANa ke abhiyAna meM pravRtti kareMge to nizcaya mAnie ki dRr3hatA ke sUtra jur3ate rheNge| Adhunika yuga meM pracAra kA sahI neTavarka saphalatA kI gAraMTI hotA hai: ___ eka dRSTi se Adhunika yuga pracAra kA yuga hai| yaha nahIM ki pracAra kA pahale mahattva na rahA hoAkhira sAdhu sAdhvI apanI maryAdAoM ke anusAra vihAra karate hue upadezoM, pravacanoM Adi ke dvArA dharma kA pracAra hI to karate haiN| yaha avazya hai ki Adhunika yuga meM pracAra ke aneka aise mAdhyamoM kA vikAsa ho gayA hai jinake upayoga se pracAra prabhAvazAlI bana gayA hai| caritra nirmANa abhiyAna bhI eka aisA viSaya hai jisakA nAnAvidha pracAra kiyA jAe to isa abhiyAna kI saphalatA sunizcita kI jA sakatI hai| abhiyAna hetu pracAra ke nimna zAlIna mAdhyamoM kA prayoga karake caritra nirmANa ko lokapriya banAte hue isakA tvarita prasAra kiyA jA sakatA hai___ 1. saMgaThana kI sugaThitatA : abhiyAna kA AdhAra banegA isake nimitta banAyA jAne vAlA saMgaThana / saMgaThana kI saMkSipta rUparekhA Upara dI gaI hai kintu saMgaThana kA neTavarka saba ora phailA huA honA cAhie, para sAtha hI bArIkI se Apasa meM jur3A huA bhI honA cAhie ki koI bhI kAryakrama eka sAtha saba ora jana-jAgaraNa ke sAtha AraMbha kiyA jA ske| isake lie saMgaThana kI sugaThitatA Avazyaka hai| sugaThana ko do pahaluoM se leN| eka pahalU yaha ki pUre deza meM saMgaThana kA phailAva hopratyeka rAjya ke pratyeka jile taka tathA pratyeka jile ke pUre andarUnI bhAgoM meM jo sArI tahasIloM, nagara-kasboM tathA grAmoM ko apane meM sameTa le| saba jagaha yathAsthiti caritra nirmANa samitiyAM kAma karatI hoM athavA ekAkI pratinidhi yA paryavekSaka phailAva meM nae kendra banate rahane caahie| jaise eka rAjya pakar3a liyA to dUsare anajAne rAjya meM kArya zuru karane kI apekSA pahale usI rAjya ke sabhI jiloM meM aura eka-eka jile kI choTI IkAiyoM meM vistAra kiyA jaae| yadi eka rAjya meM saMgaThana kA neTavarka gaharAI se jama gayA to dUsare rAjya meM abhiyAna ko AraMbha karate samaya pahale rAjya kI jamAvaTa usameM madada degI to vahI jamAvaTa dUsare rAjya ko AsAnI se prabhAvita bhI kregii| Azaya yaha ki jahAM bhI kAryAraMbha ho vaha saghanatA pkdd'e| isase abhiyAna kI lokapriyatA bar3hegI aura sthAnasthAna para acchA jana samarthana prApta hone lgegaa| dUsarA pahalU yaha ki saMgaThana meM mukhya rUpa se aise vyaktiyoM ko sthAna mile jinakA caritra ati 516

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caritra gati hetu grAha guNasUtra va pracAra neTavarka prazaMsanIya na bhI ho to kama se kama nindanIya to kataI na ho| adhikAMzataH aise yuvAnoM kA cayana kiyA jAe, jinameM kucha nayA karane kI tamannA tathA samarpaNa kI bhAvanA ho| aise sahabhAgI svayaM ke Adarza se caritra nirmANa ko prabhAvita kareMge to adhika se adhika logoM, yuvakoM, chAtroM Adi ko prerita bhI kareMge ki ve abhiyAna meM sammilita hoN| saMgaThana ke choTe-bar3e sabhI ghaTakoM ke bIca acchA tAlamela aura samparka rahe, pUrva pracAra ke sAtha nae-nae kAryakrama Ayojita kie jAte raheM tathA parIkSaNa, paryavekSaNa evaM nirIkSaNa kI praNAlI suvyavasthita rUpa se calatI rhe| sugaThita saMgaThana ko abhiyAna kI AtmA mAnie aura AtmA jitanI puSTa va prabhAvI rahegI, utanA hI abhiyAna caritra ke sarvatra utthAna ke nae AyAma khar3e karegA aura naI-naI saphalatAeM dilaaegaa| 2. sarala subodha sAhitya : deza meM samAja ke sabhI vargoM ko unakI zikSA evaM yogyatA ke anusAra caritra nirmANa se saMbaMdhita sAhitya evaM vividha prakAra kI anya sAmagrI racita kara vitarita kI jAe tathA tadanusAra una vargoM meM pratyakSa samparka se pahale use pracArita kI jAe tAki ve isa abhiyAna kI upAdeyatA ke bAre meM apanI dhAraNA banA sakeM tathA samaya para samparka se unakA sahayoga sahaja hI meM prApta ho ske| isa sAhitya kA sabase bar3A aMga to prastuta graMtha hI hai, kintu alpa zikSita vargoM ke lie upayukta choTI pustikAeM, pempaleTa, paripatra Adi bhI taiyAra karake vitarita kie jA sakate haiN| jahAM taka saMbhava ho, abhiyAna kI pragati se saMbaMdhita mahattvapUrNa saMvAda, lekha Adi deza kI sabhI patra-patrikAoM meM prakAzanArtha bheje jaaeN| saMbhava ho to TI.vI. cainaloM ke mAdhyama se bhI pracAra ko gati dI jA sakatI hai kintu ye sAre kArya saMgaThana kI kendrIya samiti hI socegI aura nirNaya legii| ___ 3. pravacana, bhASaNamAlAeM, sAkSAtkAra Adi : pracAra kA yaha pracalita tarIkA hai ki sAdhu, saMta apane pravacanoM yA vyAkhyAnoM ke mAdhyama se kisI bhI zreSTha abhiyAna yA Andolana kA samarthana kara sakate haiN| caritra nirmANa se adhika zreSTha abhiyAna kaunasA ho sakatA hai? eka vyakti kA bhI caritra nirmita hotA hai athavA vikasita hotA hai to usake hAthoM na jAne kitanA upakAra saMbhava hai, phira yaha to samUce deza kI cAritrika zakti ke utthAna kA abhiyAna hai aura isakI saphalatA aura isake vistAra se to na jAne kitane vyaktiyoM ko aura unake jarie kitane saMgaThanoM tathA vahAM kI vyavasthA ko caritrazIlatA kI ujjvalatA se suzobhita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ataH isameM koI vivAda nahIM mAnanA cAhie ki caritra nirmANa abhiyAna kisI bhI dRSTi se prAthamikatA se apanAne yogya abhiyAna nahIM hai| isake bAda gRhasthoM, vibhinna vargoM, zikSakoM, chAtroM Adi ke lie to caritra nirmANa kI apUrva mahattA hai aura isa abhiyAna ko vyApaka rUpa se prabhAvotpAdaka banAne ke lie sthAna-sthAna para bhASaNamAlAoM ke Ayojana rakhe jA sakate haiM ki caritra nirmANa se saMbaMdhita eka-eka viSaya para bhinna-bhinna vidvAnoM ke bhASaNa rakhe jAeM jisase usa viSaya ke vibhinna pahaluoM para vistAra se rozanI par3a ske| aisI bhASaNamAlAoM kI zrRMkhalA se eka sAtha bahuta bar3e kSetra meM caritra nirmANa ke saMbaMdha meM jAgarUka vAtAvaraNa nirmita ho sakatA hai| isa saMdarbha meM sAkSAtkAroM ke kAryakrama bhI rakhe jA sakate haiM jinake dvArA viziSTa vyaktiyoM se rUbarU hokara caritra nirmANa kI mahattA para unake vicAra jAne va pracArita kie jA sakate haiN| bhinna-bhinna vargoM Adi se saMbaMdhita vidvAnoM ke vicAroM meM jaba sAmAnya jana ko 517

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sucaritram 518 samarUpatA milegI to unakI caritra ke prati niSThA majabUta bana jaaegii| niSThA majabUta banegI to usa kSetra meM kArya karane kI kriyAzIlatA jAgRta ho jaaegii| mAdhyama alaga-alaga hoM para caritra nirmANa ke prati vyApaka jAgRti bane - yaha uddezya rhegaa| 4. goSThiyAM, vAda-vivAda pratiyogitAeM, prabhAta pheriyAM Adi : bhinna-bhinna vargoM kI dRSTi se saMbaMdhita varga meM ina kAryakramoM ke dvArA caritra nirmANa ke prati jAgRti utpanna kI jA sakatI hai, jaise vicArazIla, uccazikSita evaM cintaka varga ke lie vicAra goSThiyA~ bahuta upayogI siddha ho sakatI haiM aura isI prakAra vAda-vivAda pratiyogitAeM chAtra varga ke lie jijJAsA pUrti kA mAdhyama bana sakatI haiM / prabhAtapheriyoM meM sabhI taraha ke varga sammilita ho sakate haiM aura jana sAdhAraNa meM caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ke prati utsukatA paidA kara sakate haiN| ina kAryakramoM ke lie samaya-samaya para viSayoM kA cayana tathA gIta - pragItoM kA saMgraha eka vizeSajJa samiti dvArA karAyA jA sakatA hai| 5. sAMskRtika kAryakrama : caritra nirmANa se saMbaMdhita viSayoM kI jAnakArI alpazikSita athavA azikSita bhAI-bahanoM ko racanAtmaka rUpa se karAne ke lie sAMskRtika mAdhyama kA upayoga bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| nukkar3a nATakoM athavA sAMskRtika samArohoM ke jarie cAritrika guNoM se saMbaMdhita viziSTa puruSoM ke jIvana kI jhalakiyAM athavA naitika vyavasthA kI bAtoM ko spaSTa rUpa se prastuta kiyA jAe to Ama AdamI gaharAI se unheM pakar3a sakatA hai aura apane yogadAna ke bAre meM soca sakatA hai| vidyA aura buddhi pRthak pRthak hai / azikSita meM vidyA nahIM hotI, balki buddhi kA abhAva nahIM hotA, balki kaI bAra dekhA jAtA hai ki anapar3hoM kA buddhi kauzala dekhakara acaMbhita ho jAnA par3atA hai / ataH ye sAMskRtika mAdhyama aise haiM jo darzakoM ke mana para sIdhA prabhAva chor3ate haiN| eka bAra mana meM baiTha jAe ki vyakti se lekara vizva taka kI sarvAMgINa unnati ke lie caritra nirmANa kitanA ahama hai to phira usameM apanA yogadAna dene vAloM kI kamI nahIM rhegii| pUrA jana samarthana mile to isa abhiyAna kI tvarita saphalatA tathA tvarita vistRti meM koI saMdeha nahIM / caritra nirmANa se prApta hone vAle devatva para socate rahie : caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ke sahabhAgiyoM ko sadA caritra nirmANa se prApta hone vAle devatva para socate rahanA cAhie, kyoMki caritrazIlatA mAnavatA ke mUlyoM ko hI hRdayaMgama nahIM karAtI, apitu devatva kI bhUmikA taka bhI pahuMcA sakatI hai| kyA hotA hai devatva ? isa para jarUra vicAra honA caahie| yaha to saba ne samajha liyA hai ki caritra kA mUla hai azubhatA se nivRtti aura zubhatA meM pravRtti / zubhatA jisa pariNAma meM vikasita hotI usa pariNAma meM manuSyatva prakaTa hotA hai aura jaba vaha zubhatA UMcAiyAM chUne lagatI hai to usI ke garbha se devatva kA janma hotA hai| ise samajhane ke lie eka rUpaka kA sahArA leN| kahA jAtA hai ki bhagavAna viSNu kI ora se devatAoM ko prItibhoja kA AmaMtraNa diyA gyaa| sabhI atithiyoM ko do paMktiyoM meM Amane-sAmane biThA kara bhojana parosA gayA aura sabhI se khAnA zuru karane kA nivedana bhI kiyA gayA, kintu viSNu ne kucha aisI mAyA racI ki sabhI ke hAtha hI akar3a gae, kisI kA hAtha mur3atA taka nahIM thA / taba samasyA ho gaI ki khAeM to kaise khAeM? jaba susvAdu bhojana parosA huA sAmane par3A ho, peTa meM joroM kI bhUkha bhI lagI ho aura hAtha nahIM

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caritra gati hetu grAha guNasUtra va pracAra neTavarka calatA to aisI hAlata meM koI bhI jhuMjhalA hI jAtA hai| Akhira devatAoM meM jo vivekazIla the aura caritrazIlatA ko samajhate the, unhoMne eka tarakIba nikaalii| apane hAtha se svayaM to nahIM khA sakate the kintu sIdhe hAtha se sAmane vAle ko to khilA hI sakate the| basa, una devatAoM ne Amane-sAmane vAloM ko khilAkara apanI kSudhA tRpta kara lii| zeSa jo itane udAra nahIM the athavA svArtha meM hI phaMse hue the, bhUkhe hI raha ge| taba viSNu ne samajhAyA- dekho, jinhoMne eka dUsare ko khilAyA, ve devatA haiM aura jinhoMne kisI ko nahIM khilAyA, ve rAkSasa haiM / vAstava meM yaha rUpaka jIvana kI jvalanta samasyA kA samAdhAna karatA hai / deva aura rAkSasa ke vibhAjana kA AdhAra isameM eka sAmAjika UMcAI para khar3A kiyA gayA hai aura usameM caritrazIlatA aura caritrahInatA kA antara bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai| jo dUsaroM ko khilAtA hai, vaha svayaM bhI bhUkhA nahIM rahatA aura bar3I bAta yaha hai ki vaha devatva ke Adarza ko AtmasAt karatA hai| jabaki svayaM ke hI peTa bharane kI cintA meM par3A rahane vAlA svayaM bhI bhUkhA rahatA hai aura samAja meM bhI usakA rAkSasI rUpa hI prakaTa hotA hai| inhIM vRttiyoM ke AdhAra para caritra kI mahattA kA aMkana kiyA jAnA cAhie tathA caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ke mAdhyama se devatva ko Adarza mAna kara caritra vikAsa meM Thosa pravRtti karanI cAhie / 519

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caritrabala se hI ghUmegA zubhaMkara parivartana kA cakra Adarza saMkalpoM se hI nava samAja kI sthApanA bauddha sAhitya kA yaha kathAnaka hai| bhArata meM eka aisA samrATa thA jisake rAjya kI sImAoM para bhayaMkara vana pradeza phailA huA thA jahAM para hiMsaka vanya pazuoM kI dahADoM aura garjanAoM se Asa pAsa ke kSetra barI taraha se AtaMkita rahate the| isa saMdarbha meM vahAM eka vicitra prathA bana gaI thI ki koI bhI rAjA apane siMhAsanArohaNa ke bAda kevala pAMca varSa taka hI zAsana kara sakatA thaa| pAMca varSa kI avadhi samApta hone para baDI dhamadhAma aura samAroha ke sAtha usa rAjA aura rAnI ko rAjya kI sImA para sthita usa vana pradeza meM chor3a diyA jAtA thA, jahAM hiMsaka vanya pazu unakI jIvana lIlA samApta kara dete the| __aisI vicitra prathA ke calate eka bAra eka rAjA ko jaba usa rAjya kA siMhAsana milA to janatA ne zAnadAra utsava manAyA aura usakI jaya-jayakAra ke nAre lgaae| kintu rAjA jaba apane mahala kI chata se sImAvartI vana pradeza ko nihAratA to usakA mana burI taraha AtaMkita ho uThatA aura pAMca varSa kI avadhi pUrI hone para sAmane Ane vAlI apanI durdazA kI bAta soca kara kAMpa utthtaa| vana pradeza ko nihAranA aura mana hI mana siharate rahanA, usakA 520

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caritrabala se hI ghUmegA zubhaMkara parivartana kA cakra 39

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caritrabala se hI ghUmegA zubhaMkara parivartana kA cakra pratidina kA krama bana gyaa| isa bhISaNa ciMtA ke asara se rAjA kA khAyA-piyA saba jalakara bhasma ho jAtA aura vaha sUkha-sUkha kara kAMTA hone lgaa| __eka dina rAjA udAsa mana apane siMhAsana para baiThA kucha soca rahA thA, tabhI praharI ne sUcanA dI ki eka vRddha dArzanika unase bheMTa karanA cAhatA hai| rAjA ne use tatkAla bulA bhejaa| dArzanika ne Ate hI eka najara meM rAjA ko dekhA aura vaha vyagra ho uThA ki yaha rAjA tana aura mana donoM se itanA vyathita kyoM dikhAI de rahA hai? usane nivedana kiyA-'rAjan! Apa itane AtaMkita aura vyathita kyoM dikhAI de rahe haiM? kRpayA kAraNa batAeM to zAyada maiM koI upAya sujhA skuu|' aMdhA mAMge do AMkha aura usako kyA cAhie? rAjA ne dArzanika ko apanI pIr3A kA kAraNa vistAra se batAyA aura usakA samAdhAna puuchaa| dArzanika ne kucha dera vicAra kiyA aura prasannatA prakaTa karate hue kahA-'rAjan! ApakI cintA ucita nhiiN| pAMca varSa taka to nissaMdeha rUpa se Apa rAjya kareMge hI-phira aisI pIr3A kyoM? pAMca varSa kA samaya to bahuta hotA hai-itanI bar3I avadhi meM to yadi apanA caritrabala jagAyA jAe to bahuta kucha kiyA jA sakatA hai| pAMca varSa taka cintA, nirAzA aura pIr3A meM grasta rahakara avadhi bitAne kI bajAya apane vyaktitva ko saMvAra kara tathA caritraniSThA ko jagA kara Apa racanAtmaka kArya kyoM nahIM karate haiM?' . rAjA ne yaha saba sunA to eka hI bAra meM usake mana-mAnasa meM joza bhara uThA aura kucha ullekhanIya karane kI icchA jAga utthii| usane dArzanika se pUchA-'Apake kathana se maiM utsAhita huA, aba batAveM ki mujhe kyA karanA cAhie?' dArzanika ne sphUrti jagAte hue uttara diyA-'rAjan! varSa taka to ApakA akhaMDa rAjya rahegA aura jaisA Apa cAheM kara sakate haiN| merA sajhAva hai ki Apa apane isa rAjyAdhikAra kA sadupayoga kareM aura apane rAjya ko sthAI bnaaleN|' rAjA ne kahA'yahI to maiM cAhatA hU~, parantu prazna yaha hai ki maiM karUM kyA?' dArzanika ne rAjA ko Azvasta karate hue batAyA-'Apake hRdaya meM jaba kucha bhI karane kA utsAha aura vIra bhAva jAga uThA hai to Apako saphalatA bhI avazya prApta hogii| caritraniSThA jAga jAne ke bAda aprApya kucha bhI nahIM rhtaa| Apako apanA nayA sAmrAjya banAne kA upakrama karanA hogaa| Apa kama se kama samaya meM sImAvartI pUre vana pradeza ke per3oM ko kaTavA kara sApha karavA deM so hiMsaka vanya pazu vahAM se bhAga khar3e hoNge| phira vahAM * naI-naI bastiyAM basAie, apanA nayA rAjamahala bhI banAie aura isa prakAra pUre vana pradeza ko AbAda kara diijie| phira nizcita ho jaaie|' rAjA ne kahA-'yaha saba maiM kara bhI lUMgA taba bhI pracalita prathA kA pAlana to kiyA hI jAegA, phira kyA hogA?' dArzanika ne samajhAyA-'prathA ke anusAra jaba Apako vana pradeza meM chor3A jAegA, taba vahAM na vana hogA, na hiMsaka vanya pazu, phira Apako bhaya kaisA? vahAM to jo Apa naI bastiyAM basAeMge, vahAM ke nAgarika usa samaya ApakA bhavya svAgata kareMge aura Apako apanA bharapUra samarthana deNge| abhI kA aura nayA rAjya milA kara bhalA ApakA nayA sAmrAjya nahIM khar3A ho jAegA aura kyA Apa samrATa nahIM bana jaaeNge| Apa to basa apane caritrabala ko jagAie aura saba kucha AsAna ho jaaegaa|' rAjA ko upAya jaMca gayA aura dUsare hI dina se usane dArzanika ke sujhAva ke anusAra kArya zurU karavA diyaa| tatkAla Adeza se sArA vana pradeza sApha karavA diyA gayA aura phira vahAM kaI bastiyA~ basAI gaI jinake madhya meM eka sundara nagara kA nirmANa 521

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sucaritram karAyA gyaa| naI basAhaTa kI sAja-sajjA darzanIya bana gii| taba rAjA bhI bahuta prasanna rahane lagAusakA mana svastha haA to tana ne bhI svAsthya pakaDA aura sabase Upara usakA caritra bala jAga uThA ki vaha kucha bhI karane ko tatpara thA pUrI zUravIratA ke saath| vaha pUre vana pradeza aura sundara nagarabastiyoM ko nihAratA to usakA citta pulakita ho utthtaa| pAMca varSa kI avadhi pUrI huI to eka nayA hI vAtAvaraNa sAmane aayaa| jahAM pahale utsava ke dhUmadhAma meM bhI rAjA-rAnI rote bilakhate hue rAjadhAnI se vidA lete the, kyoMki vahAM mauta se milane ke lie jAnA hotA thaa| lekina isa bAra bAta ekadama palaTa gaI thii| avadhi samApta hone para rAjA-rAnI jaba apane hI dvArA nirmita nae sAmrAjya meM pahuMce to vahAM basI janatA ne unakA bhAva-bhInA svAgata kiyaa| taba purAne rAjya kI janatA bhI vahAM pahuMcI aura rAjA se nivedana kiyA ki vaha unheM aba bhI apanA rAjA mAnatI hai so vahAM kA zAsana bhI ve hI sambhAle rheN| saca yaha hai ki yadi kaThinatama paristhitiyoM meM bhI manuSya kA caritra bala jAga uThe to vaha unakA sAmanA karate hue aisI naI paristhitiyoM kA nirmANa kara sakatA hai, jinake bIca na kevala usakA vartamAna aura bhaviSya donoM saMvara sakate haiM, balki vaha apane caritra bala ke vistRta hote prabhAva se samAja, rASTra aura vizva taka ko caritra nirmANa kI dizA meM mor3a sakatA hai| abhI-abhI pichalI zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM hI bhAratavAsiyoM ne dekhA hai ki kisa prakAra akele eka gAMdhI ne apane caritra bala se sabhI dezavAsiyoM ko eka vyakti ke rUpa meM khar3A kara sazakta banA diyA ki aMgrejoM ko bhArata chor3anA par3A aura use svAdhInatA denI pdd'ii| caritra bala kA prabhAva apAra aura asIma hotA hai| kaise jAgegA caritra bala aura kaisA hotA hai zubhaMkara parivartana? : caritra bala jAgatA hai caritra ke nirmANa aura vikAsa se| pahale caritraniSThA nirmita hotI hai aura isa niSThA se antara meM jisa bala kI pratIti hotI hai use hI caritra bala kahA jAtA hai| azubhatAoM ko miTAne tathA zubhatAoM ko saMvArane kA kArya sarala nahIM hotA hai| cAhe vyakti ko yaha kArya karanA ho apane svayaM ke caritra kA nirmANa karane ke lie athavA samUhoM ke dvArA sthApita vibhinna vyavasthAoM meM cAritrika guNoM kA saMcAra karane ke lie-yaha saba eka viziSTa bala ke prayoga se hI saMbhava ho sakatA hai tathA isI viziSTa bala kA nAma hai caritra bl| caritra dvArA prApta bala asAdhAraNa hotA hai tathA isa bala ko vizva kI koI bhI zakti avaruddha nahIM kara sakatI hai| ___ caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ke sahabhAgiyoM ko isa satya ko bhalIbhAMti hRdayaMgama kara lenA caahie| caritra nirmANa evaM vikAsa kA mUla uddezya hI yaha hai ki usase caritra ke prati niSThA aura usase upajA bala prApta ho| yaha bala hI saba kucha karane meM samartha hotA hai| isa caritra bala se hI pratyeka yuga meM ghUmatA hai zubhaMkara parivartana kA cakra aura isa yuga meM bhI caritra bala hI ghumA sakegA zubhaMkara parivartana kA cakra, jisakI Aja mahatI AvazyakatA hai| ___ 'zubhaMkara' zabda se hI spaSTa hai ki koI bhI yA kaisA bhI parivartana nahIM cAhie, vahI parivartana cAhie jo zubhaMkara ho arthAt sabakA sabhI prakAra se zubha karane vAlA ho| zubha meM satya, ahiMsA, 522

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caritrabala se hI ghUmegA zabhaMkara parivartana kA cakra samanvaya, sahayoga, saMvedanA, sauhArdra, samRddhi, sukha, zAMti Adi saba kucha hitAvaha sammilita hotA hai| zubha ke lie hI to caritra kI AvazyakatA hai, phira vaha cAhe svayaM ke zubha ke lie ho yA samUha, samAja, rASTra aura vizva ke zubha ke lie ho| ahiMsaka jIvana praNAlI ko isI zubha kA kAraka mAnA jAtA hai to ahiMsA kI pITha para satya kA varaNa anivArya ho jAtA hai| saccA sAdhaka jAnatA hai ki satya ananta hai, kintu jana sAdhAraNa ke lie usakA satya usake Agraha meM nihita hotA hai aura satyAgraha kA yahI rahasya hai| sthiti meM gati satya ke Agraha se hI prApta hotI hai| satya na ho to ahiMsA ko bhI kriyAzIla nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| karma kA udagama satyAgraha se hI hotA hai tathA usI se gati aura vega milatA hai| ahiMsA ke yoga se jo hotA hai, vaha yaha ki usa karma se baMdhana paidA nahIM hotA aura usa gati se sthiti meM bhaMga nahIM aataa| parantu yaha spaSTa rahanA cAhie ki ahiMsA jIvana kI asthiratA ko dUra karatI hai aura satyAgraha jIvana meM kSamatA kA vikAsa karatA hai| vaha mAno, sikke kA sAmane kA pahalU hai jisake binA ahiMsA mUlyahIna ho jAtI hai| ahiMsA mAno, satya kI pITha hai, jisa para satya ko sadA sakSama bane rahanA caahie| - satya ke sAtha jo Agraha kA saMyoga hai, vaha satya ke lie saMgharSa kA saMketa detA hai aura yaha sahI hai| satyAgraha hI karma yuddha ko dharma yuddha kA rUpa detA hai, kyoMki dharma yuddha meM dharma kI maryAdAoM kI rakSA prAthamika bana jAtI hai aura bAkI saba dUsare nambara pr| to kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki parivartana lAne ke lie sadA dharma yuddha karanA par3atA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki parivartana AsAna nahIM hotaa| eka vyavasthA ke antargata usake vikRta ho jAne ke bAvajUda bhI jana-mana meM eka sthagana hI jar3atA paidA ho jAtI hai| yahI jar3atA use kisI bhI parivartana se bhayabhIta banAtI hai cAhe vaha parivartana kitanA hI zubhaMkara kyoM na ho? isake lie abhiyAna ke sahabhAgiyoM ke mana-mAnasa meM eka utsAha jAgRta rahanA cAhie jo jana-jana ke sthagana-bhrama ko dUra karate hue unheM parivartana ke satya se paricita banA ske| zubhaMkara parivartana ke lie hone vAle aise dharma yuddhoM se hI saMskAritA kI dhAraNA mukhara hotI hai aura saMskRti sampanna banatI hai| caritra nirmANa abhiyAna meM bhI satya kA Agraha rahatA hai aura jar3atA miTAne kA dharma yuddha bhI hotA hai| __ vastutaH caritra nirmANa abhiyAna eka dharma yuddha hai, jahAM sat, zubha aura zuddha ko asat, azubha evaM azuddha ke sAtha saMgharSa karanA par3atA hai| ise jItatA hai caritrazIla vyakti apane caritra ko vikasita bnaakr| usakI jIvanazailI hotI hai ahiMsA para AdhArita, to lakSya hotA hai satya ke sAtha sAkSAtkAra kaa| satya dharma hai aura ahiMsA hai usa dharma ko prApta karane kI sAdhikA aura ye hI haiM caritra nirmANa ke mUlAdhAra bhI tathA jyotistaMbha bhii| caritra bala patha nirmANa bhI karatA hai to pathadarzana bhI tAki caritrazIla apane sAdhya ko nizcita rUpa se prApta kara hI le| dharma ko bhedabhAva vihIna akhaMDa mAneM aura use jIvana se jor3eM : caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ke sahabhAgiyoM ko eka aura saiddhAntika bAta bhI bhalI bhAMti samajha lenI caahie| kucha samaya se kaI buddhijIviyoM dvArA yaha pUchA jAtA rahA hai ki 'jaina' hindutva ke antargata hai yA nahIM? hAlAMki yaha viSaya vivAdAspada banatA jA rahA hai yA banAyA jA rahA hai| mUla bAta yaha hai ki 523

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sucaritram 524 'jaina' zabda 'jana' va 'jina' zabda se banA hai| jinhoMne rAga-dveSa ko jIta liyA ve 'jina' kahalAte haiM aura jo 'jana' rAga-dveSa ko jItane kI prakriyA apanAte haiM ve 'jaina' haiN| isa pAribhASika zabdAvalI ke antargata jaina koI jAti nahIM hai, varan eka vizuddha AtmasAdhanAparaka dRSTikoNa hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchA gayA ki brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya va zUdra kauna? unhoMne kahA- karma se hI vyakti brAhmaNa, kSatriya, aura zUdra hotA hai (kammuNA baMbhaNo hoI, kammuNA hoI khattioH vaiso kammuNA hoI, suddo havAI kampuNA ) / mahAvIra kA dRSTikoNa vyApaka evaM udAra rahA hai, ve jAti se kisI se kucha nahIM khte| ye jAtIyatA, prAntIyatA, sAmpradAyikatA Adi vyakti ko saMkIrNa banAtI hai, jabaki guNa va karma ke AdhAra para vyakti vistIrNa banatA hai / yahI svastha evaM svaccha dRSTikoNa Aja bane to jainatva va hindutva kI samasyA nahIM raha sakatI / upAsanA paddhati kI dRSTi se bhale 'jainoM ko alaga mAnA jA sakatA hai / parantu sAmAjika dRSTi se jaina varga hindutva se bhinna nahIM hai| ve hindutva ke aTUTa aMga haiM aura alpasaMkhyaka - bahusaMkhyaka ke mudde para unheM hinduoM se alaga rakha kara hindU samAja ko kamajora nahIM karanA caahie| kucha kaTutA tathA kaTTaratA se bhare hindU loga bhI apane ahaM aura Agraha ke kAraNa vaicArika saMkIrNatA ke zikAra hote jA rahe haiM, jisake kaI kAraNa ho sakate haiM, para yathArtha meM dekhA jAe to Adhunika bhAratIya saMskRti ke nirmANa meM jaina, bauddha, sikha, musalamAna, pArasI, IsAI Adi sabhI dharmoM kA yoga rahatA hai, isalie hindU dharma kA artha agara hindustAna meM palane vAlA athavA calane vAlA dharma kiyA jAe to jyAdA zreSThatA va AtmIyatA milegii| mUlataH hindU zabda siMdhu kA apabhraMza hai, siMdhu nadI ke taTa para basane vAle hI hai, siMdhu nadI ke eka taTa para basane vAle hI Age cala kara hindU kahalAne lage aura ve hI hindU dharma se abhisaMjJita ho ge| yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jina dharmoM kA udgama sthAna bhArata bhUmi nahIM, ve bhAratIya dharma nahIM hai| bauddha dharma udgama kI dRSTi se vizuddha bhAratIya dharma hai, para usane vikAsa pAyA cIna aura jApAna meM / ataH vaha cInI dharma yA jApAnI dharma kahalAne laga gyaa| vaise hI udgama aura vikAsa ina donoM dRSTiyoM se dekhate haiM to hindustAna meM pracAra-prasAra pAne vAle sAre dharma hindustAnI dharma ke antargata A jAte haiN| phira kevala eka dharma ko hI hindU dharma kaise kahA jA sakatA hai? yaha eka vicAraNIya bAta hai / vastutaH dharma nahIM, Aja dharmAndhatA hI vyakti ko bAMTatI calI jA rahI hai| dharma kA sthAna pahalA honA cAhie - usake koI bheda-vibheda nahIM ho skte| dharma eka evaM akhaMDa hai| sampradAya aneka ho sakate haiM, para unameM bhI 'maiM hI saccA aura maiM hI acchA' vAlI dRSTi nahIM honI caahie| jina vyaktiyoM kI aisI dRSTi bana jAtI hai, ve sAmpradAyika unmAda paidA kara Apasa meM ghRNA, vaira, vidveSa paidA kara dete haiN| ye hI viSANu mAnava samAja ko viSAkta banA rahe haiN| kucha rAjanItika svArthI tattva bhI ApasI sauhArdratA aura saumanasyatA ko tor3ane meM lage hue haiM aura isameM videzI zaktiyAM bhI zAyada pracchanna rUpa se apanA kAma kara rahI hai, aisA lagatA hai / astu, abhI carcA kA viSaya yaha hai ki dharma vahI hai jo zuddha rUpa se mAnava dharma hai aura aisA dharma mAnava-mAnava ke bIca kisI bhI prakAra ke bhedabhAva ko asvIkAra karatA hai / sampradAyeM khaMDita hotI hai, saccA dhama kabhI khaMDita nahIM hotaa| ataH abhiyAna kI dRSTi se mAnava dharma ko pratyeka vyakti sIdhe rUpa meM apane jIvana se joDeM aura usakI zikSAoM grahaNa kreN| yathArtha meM mAnava dharma kahIM zuddha evaM zubha caritra kA nirmAtA hotA hai| dharma dvArA nirdezita

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caritrabala se hI ghUmegA zabhaMkara parivartana kA cakra sadguNoM ko apanAveM tathA mAnavIya kartavyoM kA pAlana kareM to samajheM ki ho gayA caritra nirmaann| abhiyAna ke sahabhAgiyoM ke lie caritra nirmANa vicAra va AcAra saMhitA ho sakatI hai: yahAM caritra nirmANa se saMbaMdhita vicAra va AcAra ke kucha bindu isa uddezya se die jA rahe haiM jo abhiyAna ke sahabhAgiyoM ko satat sAvadhAna rakhane kI dRSTi se upayogI ho sakate haiN| dUsare nAma se ina binduoM ko vicAra va AcAra kI saMhitA kaha deM to anupayukta nahIM hogaa| ye bindu isa prakAra haiM____1. manuSyatA ko kendra meM sthApita karo : isa buniyAdI hakIkata ko hara vakta yAda rakhanA hogA ki jo bhI socA jAtA hai, kiyA jAtA hai yA yojanA-prAyojanA banAI jAtI hai vaha saba mAnava samAja ke lie hotI hai| phira bhI vicAra vimarza meM mAnavIya ceharA bhulA diyA jAtA hai jaise ki Aja ke vikAsa kI korI bhautika dhAraNA hai-yaha ekadama galata hai| pratyeka vicAra, dhAraNA, kAryakrama yA abhiyAna meM sadA manuSyatA ko kendra meM sthApita karake hI nirNaya lo| manuSya vizva kA kendra hai, buddhi, bhAvanA evaM pauruSa kA dhanI hai tathA AtmA va paramAtmA kA saccA pratinidhi hai| manuSya to kendra meM rahatA hai kintu manuSyatA nahIM aura usI kAraNa sArA zoSaNa, damana, utpIr3ana hotA hai| ataH manuSyatA sadA kendra meM rahe aura usake irda-girda hI racanAtmakatA kA saMsAra ghuume| ___2. prakRti ke sAtha samanvaya karo : prakRti aura puruSa kA sahayoga samAja meM sukha-zAMti banAtA hai| puruSa ne sabase pahale prakRti ko mAtA mAnA, usakI sAla sambhAla kI to puruSa bhI samRddhizAlI banA tathA svastha banA rhaa| phira usakA ahaM jAgA aura vaha prakRti para vijaya pAne kA prayAsa karane lgaa| taba vaha prakRti ko chinna-bhinna va kSata-vikSata karane lgaa| ghane jaMgala lobhavaza kATe jAne lge| audyogika dhueM ne dharatI kI ojona parata ko hI hAni pahuMcAnI zurU kara dii| prakRti ko bhogyA abhimAnI aura lobhI puruSa ne| paryAvaraNa pradUSita huA aura ho rahA hai-prAkRtika suvyavasthA TUTa rahI hai| ataH prakRti kI rakSA aura sevA, pahalA karttavya mAnA jAnA cAhie tAki manuSya ke hI jIvana kA nahIM, sthUla-sUkSma sabhI jIvoM kA bhI saMrakSaNa ho ske| 3. saMsAra ko badalane se pahale svayaM ko badalo : sabhI dharma, sabhI nItiyA~, sabhI vicAradhArAeM Aja duHkha tapta saMsAra ko badalane kI bAta kahatI haiM kintu vaha bAta tabhI sArthaka ho sakatI hai jaba pahale vyakti hI svayaM ko badala DAle-caritra nirmANa tathA vikAsa ke mAdhyama se apane ko isa yogya banA le ki vaha saMsAra kI azubhatA ko dUra karane kA bIr3A uThA ske| 4.saMsAra se prema karo, sAMsArikatA kI upekSA : saMsAra aura sAMsArikatA ke bheda ko samajhanA caahie| saMsAra to vaha puNya kSetra hai jahAM bhavya aura divya mahApuruSoM ne janma liyA tathA apane AdarzoM kA udAharaNa prastuta karake sabako usI rAha para calane kI preraNA dii| aisI puNya bhUmi se ghRNA yA upekSA bhI kaise kI jA sakatI hai? isa bhUmi se to prema honA cAhie aura isake nivAsI pratyeka prANI, bhUta, sattva aura jIva ke sAtha anuraag| jo upekSA kI vRtti hai athavA tyAjya hai vaha hai sAMsArikatA arthAt rAga, dveSa, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi durguNoM se bharI huI jIvana pddhti| sAMsArikatA se 525

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sucaritram 526 virakta honA jIvana ko vAstava meM mahApuruSoM ke AdarzoM para calanA hI kahA jaaegaa| 5. apanI mUla paramparAoM ko jAno aura parakho : mUla paramparAoM kA dIrgha samaya se calA A rahA pracalana dikhAtA hai ki prAraMbha meM unakI guNavattA apUrva rahI hogii| kAlAntara meM hI unameM vikRtiyoM ne praveza pA liyA hogA ataH mUla paramparAoM ko bhUleM nahIM, unheM jAneM aura parakheM isa dRSTi se ki unake vikRta aMzoM ko alaga kara diyA jaae| ye paramparAeM karma zodhana evaM satsaMskAroM kI paramparAeM rahI haiM aura inase sadA sadguNoM kA vikAsa hotA rahA hai| inameM jor3ane vAlI kar3iyAM hI lagI huI thI jinheM nihita svArthiyoM ne vibhAjaka dIvAroM kA rUpa de diyaa| dIvAreM tor3anI haiM aura kar3iyoM ko phira se naI banAnI hai / 6. jijJAsAoM ke saMdarbha meM darzana ko dekho : darzana kA artha hotA hai dekhnaa| dekhanA samIpa kA hotA hai, dUra kA hotA hai aura ati dUra kA bhI, so isI zakti-bheda se dRSTi evaM dArzanikatA ke rUpa Dhale / dekhane kA sIdhA pariNAma jJAta nahIM hotA kyoMki darzana dhuMdhalA bhI ho sakatA hai so darzana se paidA hotI hai jijJAsA tathA jijJAsA samAdhAna pAkara jJAna ko janma detI hai| satya zodhana jJAna kA uccastha phala hai| Azaya yaha hai ki apanI dRSTi, jijJAsA evaM satya zodhaka vRtti ko jIvanta rakheM / 7. kaTTaratA se dUra mAnava dharma ko mAno : jisa dharma ke daravAje pratyeka mAnava ke lie khule hoM aura jahAM sabakA saprema evaM sasammAna praveza saMbhava ho vahI hotA hai mAnava dharma / mAnava dharma meM kaTTaratA kadApi nahIM hotii| vahAM to sadA udAratA, sahiSNutA evaM sahayogitA kI prema dhArAeM bahatI rahatI haiN| kaTTaratA vahIM phailatI hai jahAM yaha samajha bana jAtI hai ki merA hI dharma saccA aura acchA hai - bAkI saba jhUThe aura kharAba haiN| vaha asala meM dharma nahIM rahatA, mAtra sampradAya raha jAtI hai| ataH sAmpradAyikatA ke sthAna para sadA hI manuSya jAti kI ekatA kA samarthana karo / 8. dharma ko vijJAna kI pAMta meM biThAo : dharma kA saMbaMdha hRdaya se adhika aura vijJAna kA saMbaMdha mastiSka se adhika hotA hai kintu zarIra ko hRdaya aura mastiSka donoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| dharma bhAvanA meM hI na baha jAya aura aMdha zraddhA kA mArga na pakar3a le - isake lie vaijJAnika vaicArikatA cAhie aura vijJAna sirpha bhautikatA meM bhaTaka kara mAnavatA virodhI bana rahA hai usake lie dharma kA niyaMtraNa caahie| isakA eka hI upAya hai ki donoM ko vilaga na karake eka dUsare kA pUraka bnaao| 9. mAnava caritra ko mAnavIyatA meM DhAlo : mAnava jIvana meM caritra kA amita mahattva hai aura yadi usake caritra kA samyak rUpa se nirmANa evaM vikAsa hotA hai to usase mAnavIya mUlyoM meM nikhAra AtA hai| aise caritra ke AdhAra para hI mAnava jAti kI ekatA evaM vizva bandhutva meM niSThA jAgatI hai| caritra nirmANa abhiyAna kI dRSTi se to mAnava jIvana kA aura samasta vizva kI vyavasthA kA sarvAdhika upAdeya koI tattva hai to vaha hai caritra bala / caritra sampanna bana kara mAnava mahAmAnava bana jAtA hai| 10. vizva kI vartamAna vikRtiyoM ko pahacAno : vartamAna vizva meM vikRtiyoM, viSamatAoM evaM visaMgatiyoM kI jo viDambanA chAI huI hai usase nistAra tabhI pAyA jA sakegA jaba yaha adhyayana

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caritrabala se hI ghUmegA zubhaMkara parivartana kA cakra kiyA jAegA ki inake phailane ke kAraNa kyA haiM tathA inheM dUra karane ke upAya kyA haiM? yaha bhI jAnanA hogA ki vyakti inake jAla meM kyoM phaMsa jAtA hai aura kisa prakAra apane jIvana ko bhI vikRta, viSama evaM visaMgata banA letA hai? inase saMbaMdhita kucha samasyAoM kA Age ullekha kiyA jAegA kintu samuccaya meM inakA Akalana kie binA vizva ke vibhinna kSetroM tathA vibhinna vargoM ke vyaktiyoM ke jIvana meM caritra nirmANa kI saMbhAvanAoM kI ThIka se jAnakArI nahIM kI jA skegii| 11. manuSya kI dhana lipsA para sAMghAtika coTa karo : Aja kI sArI burAiyoM ke jar3a meM jAveM to eka burAI jo vRhadAkAra meM dikhAI de rahI hai, vaha hai manuSya kI dhana lipsA / dhana sabako cAhie isameM koI vivAda nahIM, balki isa suvyavasthA kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai ki sabhI manuSyoM kI mUla AvazyakatAoM kI niyamita pUrti hotI rahe / peTa pUrti to jarUrI hai| kintu jo avyavasthA hai vaha hai peTI - pUrti kI aura isa tRSNA kA koI anta nhiiN| yaha dhana lipsA hI dainya, zoSaNa, utpIr3ana Adi ko carama taka le jAne vAlI burAI hai aura isa para aba sAMghAtika coTa jarUrI ho gaI haiN| isakA upAya yahI hai ki dhana ko saba ora bahatA huA dravya banAo jaise ki zarIra meM saba ora khUna kA saMcaraNa calatA rahatA hai| zarIra svAsthya ke samAna sAmAjika svAsthya bhI vaise hI bnegaa| 12. cintana - svAdhyAya kI paripATI ko niyamita banAo : Aja kI adhikAMza samasyAeM isI kAraNa hai ki koI bhI kArya zurU karane se pahale usake guNa-doSoM para gaharA vicAra nahIM kiyA jAtA / vyakti svayaM yaha nahIM socatA ki dina bhara meM use kyA karanA hai? yadi kisI bhI prazna para pahale hI gaMbhIratA pUrvaka cintana kara liyA jAe to kAma kA usI rUpa meM nirNaya ho sakegA ki usako karate samaya koI samasyA paidA hI na ho| cintana aura svAdhyAya donoM aisI praNAliyAM haiM jinake prabhAva vyakti evaM samUha ke jIvana ko suvyavasthita evaM unnatizIla banAyA jA sakatA hai| 13. mana ko samajho aura use ghor3e kI taraha calAo : baMdhana kA kAraNa bhI mana hI hotA hai aura mana hI mukti bhI dilAtA hai| 'mana ke hAre hAra hai aura mana ke jIte jiit|' abhiprAya yaha ki mana indriya sukha va svArtha meM lipta ho jAe to baMdhana hI baMdhana hai aura mana yadi indriyoM para niyaMtraNa kara tathA AtmA kI AvAja ke anusAra cale to mukti dUra nahIM rhtii| prazna yahI hai ki mana ko AtmaniyaMtraNa meM kaise leM ? mana ko ghor3e kI taraha calAo magara use belagAma na rkho| vaha khUba tejI se daur3e para vaha daur3e mukti ke patha para / mana para lagAma lagAne kA kAma abhyAsa se hI saphala banAyA jA sakatA hai aura caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ke sahabhAgiyoM ko isa tarapha khAsa dhyAna denA caahie| vikasita manobala ke binA saMgharSa meM TikA nahIM jA sakatA aura abhiyAna ke paga-paga para manobala ke prayoga kI apekSA rahatI hai| 14. 'maiM' ko hamezA 'hama' meM badalate raho : 'maiM' ko 'maiM pana' meM phaMsAe rakhA to vaha ahaMkAra hogA tathA sArI viSamatAoM kA mUla kAraNa yaha ahaMkAra hI hotA hai| ahaMkAra ko ghaTAeM - miTAe binA gati nahIM / isakA eka hI upAya hai ki 'maiM' ko sadA aura sarvatra 'hama' meM badalate rho| yaha vizva kyA hai, brahmAMDa kyA hai? 'sva' aura 'para' milAkara hI to 'sarva' banatA hai| 'sva' akelA ho sakatA hai aura samAja akelA 'sva' eka kadama bhI nahIM cala sakatA hai sarvatra 'para' ke sahayoga kI 527

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sucaritram anivAryatA rahatI hai-yahI anyonyAzritatA yA parasparatA hai| ataH 'sva' ko jitanA adhika 'para' se jor3A jAegA utanA hI vyavasthA kA tAlamela acchA baiThegA tathA bar3hatA huA bhAIcArA samAja-samatA tathA vizva-kuTumbakam kI dizA meM agrasara bnaaegaa| ___15. vyavasthAoM ke sar3epana ko bArIkI se dekho : caritra nirmANa kA sIdhA sAdA artha hai ki caritrahInatA miTe, azubhatA dUra ho aura ye burAiyA~ nIce se Upara taka kI sabhI vyavasthAoM meM itanI gaharAI taka phaila cukI hai ki jaba taka ina vyavasthAoM ke sar3epana kA bArIkI se adhyayana nahIM kiyA jAegA taba taka caritra nirmANa kA eka paga bhI Age nahIM bar3hAyA jA skegaa| sar3epana ko samajhane ke sAtha hI yaha bhI Akalana karanA hogA ki jana sAdhAraNa meM isa vikRti ke viruddha kitanA AndolanAtmaka bhAva hai, kyoMki isake AdhAra para caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ko adhika sazakta banAyA jA skegaa| jana samarthana kA sambala sabase bar3I bAta hai| ___16. sAmAjika nyAya ke lie lar3o, mAnavIya mUlyoM ko uThAo : caritra patana kA pradhAna kAraNa hotA hai sAmAjika anyAya aura sAmAjika anyAya se kSarita hote haiM mAnavIya muuly| mAnavIya mUlyoM ke abhAva meM naitikatA khatma hotI hai aura sldha manuSya rAkSasI rUpa apanA letA hai| ataH anyAya kahIM bhI sahana nahIM kiyA jAnA caahie| kahA gayA hai ki anyAya karane vAle se bhI usakA adhika doSa aura aparAdha usa para hai jo anyAya ko cupacApa sahatA hai athavA sahate hue logoM ko cupacApa dekhatA hai| yoM caritra doSa jimmedArI kaI vargoM para rahatI hai| anyAya se paga-paga para kaThina saMgharSa kiyA jAe tathA usake astitva ko nirmUla banAyA jaae| isake lie dutaraphI koziza honI caahie| eka ora to vicAra krAMti phailAI jAe tAki anyAya sahane vAle jAgeM aura usakA pratirodha kreN| dUsarI ora samAja meM aisA vyavahAra panapAyA jAe ki pratyeka vyakti sadA dUsaroM ke lie pahale vivekavAn rhe| dharma ke kSetroM meM bhI aisI hI jAgRti phUTanI caahie| taba kahIM jAkara caritra nirmANa ke anukUla vAyumaMDala kI racanA ho sakegI tathA mAnavIya mUlyoM kI punarpratiSThA saMbhava bnegii| ___17.mana, vacana, karma ko joDo, ahiMsaka jIvanazailI banAo : sajjanatA aura durjanatA kA pradhAna bheda yahI hai ki mana, vacana, karma kI ekatA vAlA sajjana aura bhinnatA vAlA durjn| vaha vyakti jo jaisA socatA hai, vaisA hI bolatA hai tathA jaisA socatA va bolatA hai, vaisA hI karatA hai. sajjana isalie kahA gayA hai ki vaha nizchala, sarala aura saumya hotA hai aura sabakA sahAyaka banatA hai jabaki durjana kI tInoM vRttiyAM bhinna-bhinna hotI haiM jinake prayoga se vaha saba jagaha kapaTAcAra phailAtA hai| mAyAvI kisI kA bhI sagA nahIM hotaa| caritra nirmANa kI pahalI zarta hai ki mana, vacana, karma meM samarUpatA ho| isa samarUpatA ke anusAra jaba sampUrNa jIvanazailI ahiMsA para AdhArita kI jAegI to vyakti se lekara vizva taka meM samatA kI lahareM taraMgita hone lgegii| __18. lakSya banAo ki eka bhI AMkha meM AMsU na rahe : caritra nirmANa sAdhya bhI hai to sAdhana bhii| sAdhana isa dRSTi se ki vyaktiyoM tathA vyavasthAoM kA caritra usa stara taka pahuMce jahAM se sneha, saMvedanA evaM sahakAritA kI dhArA bahe aura dalita, zoSita tathA pichar3e varga bhI anyAya mukta hokara khuzahAla bana jaae| ataH caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA ke sAtha yaha lakSya bhI nirdhArita kiyA jAe ki 528

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caritrabala se hI ghUmegA zubhaMkara parivartana kA cakra eka bhI AMkha meM AMsU na rhe| ___19. samatA ko AraMbha aura anta kI kar3I banAo : samatA ko hI dharma kahA gayA hai jo samabhAva, sAmyayoga, samAnatA Adi se lakSita hai| caritra nirmANa abhiyAna meM samatA ke sAtha karmaThatA kA AraMbha ho to antataH samatA sthApanA ke sAtha usakA samApana bhii| samatA mAnava mana kI mUla bhAvanA hotI hai aura samatA sthApanA ke lie sarva sahayoga prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| jana samudAya meM nava cetanA samatApUrNa vyavahAra se hI lAI jA sakatI hai| caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA meM AraMbha se anta taka samatA kA saMcAra banA rahanA cAhie tathA bIca meM jo bhI samasyAeM paidA ho, unake samAdhAna bhI samabhAva evaM samatulana ke sAtha khoje jAne caahie| jyoM-jyoM samatAmaya AcaraNa vikasita evaM prasArita hogA, tyoM-tyoM sahayogAtmaka vRtti evaM pravRtti ghaniSTha hotI jAegI arthAt eka sabake lie jo saba eka ke lie banate jaaeNge| samatA aura saMyuktatA se caritra vikAsa sabakA uddezya bana jaaegaa| 20. vyaSTi-samaSTi ke saMbaMdhoM ko navInatA do : vaijJAnika pragati, antarrASTrIya nikaTatA, sAmAjika samparkoM kI gahanatA Adi aneka kAraNoM se samaSTi kI zakti aura mahattA bar3hI hai tathA vyaSTi ke lie samaSTi kI saghanatA eka anivArya aMga bana gaI hai| vyakti aura samAja ke bIca parasparatA kI gaharAI bhI bar3hI hai| isalie vyakti aura samAja ke pracalita saMbaMdhoM kI Aja samIkSA evaM saMbaMdhoM kI navInatA vicAraNIya hai| isase samUhoM kA bikharAva miTegA tathA ekIkaraNa kI naI kozizeM zurU hogii| eka dUsare kA azubha nahIM, zubha karane kI vRtti prabala bnegii| taba sahakAra ke vikAsa se ekAkAra kA vAtAvaraNa sajita hogaa| jahA~ vyaSTi evaM samaSTi ke bIca ekAkAra kI rUparekhA banane lagatI hai to vahAM caritra nirmANa kA kSetra vizva taka bar3hA lene meM vizeSa kaThinAiyA~ maujUda nahIM rhegii| ... 21. caritra nirmANa ke sAtha naI vyavasthA kI rUparekhA banAo : caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA prAraMbha hone se jana-jAgaraNa hotA hai aura jana-jAgaraNa ke bar3hate rahane se caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA balavatI bnegii| aise meM naI vyavasthA kI rUparekhA avazya banAI jAnI cAhie jisakI caritrahIna vyavasthA ke sthAna para sthApanA kI jA ske| isake moTe mudde ho sakate haiM-(a) sAmpradAyikatA TUTe, mAnava dharma phaile, (ba) samAja bhogavAda se haTe, samatA ke sAtha jur3e, (sa) zAsana-prazAsana yathArtha rIti se lokatAMtrika bane, (da) Arthika vyavasthA saMvibhAga aura maryAdAoM ke anusAra cale, (ya) rAjanIti kA zuddhikaraNa ho tathA usakA mahattva bahuta nIce ke bindu taka ghaTAyA jAe-janatA kI sIdhI bhAgIdArI kAyama ho, (ra) nihita svArthiyoM ke mukhauTe ughAr3e jAe aura unakI pravRttiyoM ko zubhatA kI ora mor3I jAe, (la) udyoga, vyavasAya va vyApAra meM pUrNataH naitikatA baratane kI bAdhyatA ho, (va) nAgarika svataMtra bane para svacchaMda nahIM, adhikAroM kA prayoga kareM para kartavyoM kA pAlana bhI aura aise hI kaI mudde ho sakate haiM jinako lekara naI vyavasthA kI rUparekhA banAI jA sakatI hai aura usake anusAra caritra vikAsa ke prayAsa kie jA sakate haiN| 22. dharma aura nIti ke maila ko dhoo : mUla svabhAva ke rUpa meM dharma sAdhya hai to nIti usakI saadhikaa| jaba nIti bigar3atI hai to usakA maila dharma para car3hatA hI hai| dharma para maila jamane kA matalaba 529

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sucaritram hai-guNavattA kA kSaraNa, vyakti-pUjA kA phailAva, AntarikatA kA abhAva, pAkhaMDa, ADambara aura DhoMga kA cln| yaha maila aisA hai ki vyakti aura vyavasthA meM caritrahInatA phailatI hai| caritrahInatA kA nizcita pariNAma hotA hai-adha: patana aura sarvanAza, jaisA ki Aja saba ora dikhAI de rahA hai| isa dazA meM caritra nirmANa hI aisI rAmabANa auSadhi hai, jo saba ora svAsthya kA saMcAra kara sakatI hai| caritra nirmANa se naitikatA jAgegI aura nIti zuddha bnegii| nItizuddhatA ke sAtha dhArmikatA kA unnayana avazyaMbhAvI hai| dharma ke suprabhAva ko sarva vyApaka banAne ke lie dharma aura nIti kI nirmalatA Avazyaka hai aura yaha nirmalatA caritra nirmANa evaM caritra vikAsa ke bala para hI upalabdha kI jA sakatI hai| ___23. samAja ko sadA Adarzonmukha rakho ki mAnava saccA va sahaja rahe : Adarza jyotistaMbha ke samAna hotA hai, jo prApta kara lene ke najarie se durlabha bhale ho, kintu jisake prakAza meM apanA pragati patha to spaSTatA se dekhA-bhAlA jA hI sakatA hai| bhale hI Adarza hamezA hI bane raheM-prApya na ho sakeM, phira bhI samAja ke sAmane sadA Adarza bane rahane cAhie tathA usakI gati AdarzoM ke Aloka meM hI calatI rahanI caahie| isakA supariNAma yaha hogA ki mAnava bhramita nahIM hogA, viSama nahIM bana skegaa| kAraNa, ve Adarza sadA use prerita kareMge ki vaha saccA rahe aura sahaja bne| AdarzonmukhI gati meM bhaTakAva nahIM AtA aura satarkatA banI rahatI hai| vyakti sAmAjikatA meM isa taraha raca-basa jAtA hai ki sarva-sahayoga kI paramparA nirmita ho jAtI hai| isI avasthA se Age bar3hate hue caritra sampannatA kI maMjila milatI hai jahAM Atma-kalyANa tathA lokakalyANa kA sukhada saMgama ho jAtA hai| 24. ahiMsA ko AcaraNa kA mUla banAo, hiMsA hara jagaha haTAo : ahiMsA ke binA caritra kA koI TikAva nhiiN| ahiMsA ke phailAva ke lie hiMsA ko hara jagaha ghaTAnA aura miTAnA hogaa| vizva ke sabhI bhAgoM meM hiMsA ko ghaTAne kA dabAva banAyA jAnA caahie| apane nijI jIvana meM bhI unmAdapUrNa vilAsa ke lie hiMsApUrNa prayogoM se taiyAra sAmagrI kA upayoga baMda honA caahie| sAmAnya rUpa se sampatti, sattA, bhUmi Adi ke lie jo hiMsA hotI hai vaha adhikatara parigraha kI mUrchA se upajatI hai-isa murchA yA taSNA ko ghaTAnA hI hogaa| hiMsA ko nakAreMge, tabhI ahiMsA ko AcaraNa kA mUla banA skeNge| ____ 25. samAja ko samarasa karo, vizva ko parivAra banAo : samAja kI samarasatA kI nIMva vyakti kI cAritrika unnati para jamatI hai| vyakti kA caritra vikAsa samAja meM caritraniSThA ko jagAtA hai aura sAmAjika parasparatA kA vikAsa hotA hai| parasparatA jitanI pragAr3ha hotI hai, samarasatA utanI sarala hotI jAtI hai| samAja kI samarasatA meM jAti, sampradAya, varga, bhASA Adi ke sAre vibheda tirohita ho jAte haiN| itanA hI nahIM, sAmAjika samarasatA rASTrIya ekatA ke sUtra ko majabUta banAtI hai aura samarasatA kI dhArA anya rASTroM tathA vizva ke pUre prAMgaNa meM bhI baha calatI hai| vizva ko eka parivAra ke DhAMce meM DhAlane vAlI yahI samarasatA hotI hai| yaha saba kevala Adarza hI nahIM-isake sAkAra hone kI pUrI saMbhAvanA hotI hai, para yaha hogA aura ho sakegA kevala caritra bala ke bala para hii| caritra nirmANa vaha kuMjI hai, jisase sabhI kisma ke tAle khula sakate haiN| 26. sahakAra, saha-astitva aura anAsakti ko apanAo : yaha krama isa prakAra banegA ki 530

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caritrabala se hI ghUmegA zubhaMkara parivartana kA cakra taSNA aura marchA bhAva se chaTakArA mile taba anAsakti aaegii| vyakti paraspara sneha saMbaMdha meM isI kAraNa jur3e hue nahIM raha sakate haiM ki svArtha unako TakarAtA rahatA hai| isa svArtha kA anta hotA hai tRSNA kI samApti se, anAsakti se| anAsakti antarAtmA meM samA jAegI to saha-astitva kA bhAva svAbhAvika rUpa se utpanna ho jaaegaa| jaba svArtha nahIM rahegA to sAtha-sAtha rahane meM kaunasI ar3acana A sakatI hai? saha-astitva jaba astitva meM A jAegA to sahakAra kI sneha bhAvanA svataH hI prakaTa ho jAegI, kriyAzIla bana jaaegii| sabhI sthAnoM para aura sabhI staroM para durjanatA samApta hone lagegI tathA sajjanoM kA sukhamaya sAtha saba ora dikhAI degaa| ye tInoM tattva jaba jIvana praNAlI meM samAte haiM to uccatama stara para bhI pArivArika sadbhAva panapane meM koI kaThinAI nahIM aatii| caritra ke unnata bana jAne para yaha saba kucha sahaja ho jAtA hai| ___27. yuvA pauruSa ko isa vijaya abhiyAna meM lagA do : yuvA zakti atulanIya hotI hai, jo samasyA AtI hai vaha hotI hai isake sadupayoga kii| eka bAra kisI yuvaka yA yuvatI ke mana meM yaha baiTha jAe ki amuka uddezya pUrNatayA mAnavatA ke hita meM hai to phira usakA pauruSa usameM pUrI taraha se kAryarata banA rhegaa| yuvA pauruSa kA isase bar3hakara kyA sadupayoga ho sakatA hai ki usakA niyojana caritra nirmANa se saMbaMdhita abhiyAna meM ho| yaha to sva-para kalyANa kA sarvottama avasara hai| yuvA zakti ke lie isa abhiyAna ke pariprekSya meM ye kArya mahattvapUrNa ho sakate haiM-1. sabase pahale aura abhiyAna ke sAtha-sAtha svayaM ke caritra kA nirmANa kiyA jAe aura usakA zreSThatama vikAsa ho, 2. nae mAnava kA nirmANa ho-yaha kArya prAthamikatA para rahe, 3. jana-jAgaraNa kA alakha jagAyA jAe jisakI gUMja jana-mana ke hRdaya ko chue, 4. karmaNya vRtti kA uttama paricaya prastuta kiyA jAe ki kahIM kisI bhI kaThinAI se thake nahIM, ruke nahIM aura jhuke nahIM, 5. mAnavIya mUlyoM kI pratiSThA hetu vyavasthAoM meM AmUlacUla parivartana lAne kA upakrama kiyA jAe aura yaha tathA isase bahuta kucha adhika caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA meM sahabhAgI banane para kiyA jA sakegA aura sAmUhika zakti ko bhI sAtha meM jor3A jA skegaa| ___ yaha gAgara meM sAgara ke samAna vicAra evaM AcAra saMhitA kI rUparekhA hai jisameM sundara raMga yuvA evaM samarpita zakti ke hAthoM hI bhare jA sakate haiN| yaha nizcita hai ki samarpaNa kI bhAvanA ke binA kisI bhI abhiyAna meM jAna nahIM phUMkI jA sakatI hai| saca hai ki jAna lagAkara hI jAna phUMkI jA sakatI hai| jAna lagAne vAle bhale hI bahuta kama saMkhyA meM sAmane Ate haiM, kintu yahAM saMkhyA bala kA koI mahattva nhiiN| eka candramA sAre aMdhakAra ko dUra kara detA hai, jo kAma hajAroM tAre milakara bhI nahIM kara pAte haiN| lekina isameM koI saMdeha nahIM ki jaba aise jAna lagAne vAle jAna phUMkane kA cAritrika kArya sampanna kara dete haiM to usase naI jAna pAne vAloM kI saMkhyA kabhI kama nahIM hotii| caritra nirmANa jIvana kI kalA evaM caritra vistAra vizva kA ekIkaraNa : ___ mAnava caritra kA nirmANa karanA aura use nirantara guNa-sampannatA kI dizA meM Age bar3hAnA vAstava meM jIvana kI kalA hai aura yaha itanI mahattvapUrNa hai ki isa abhiyAna meM sArA kA sArA jIvana hI usakI prApti meM laga jAe taba bhI koI vicAra kI bAta nhiiN| caritra kA puTa lagane se kSudra jIvana jyoM 531

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sucaritram jyoM vizAla aura virATa banatA jAtA hai aura usameM ahiMsA, dayA tathA satya kA vikAsa hotA jAtA hai, tyoM-tyoM soyA huA manuSyatA kA bhAva jAgRta hotA jAtA hai| zAstrIya zabdoM meM manuSyatA kA bhAva AnA hI manuSya honA kahA gayA hai| manuSya ko apane Apa se prazna karane cAhie-'kyA tU prakRti se bhadra hai yA nahIM? tU apane jIvana meM parivAra aura samAja tathA Upara ke ghaTakoM ko mahattva detA hai yA nahIM? kyA tU Asa pAsa ke logoM meM samarasatA lekara calatA hai? kyA tere cehare meM ekarUpatA hai yA alaga-alaga sthAnoM tathA kAryoM ke lie alaga-alaga mukhauTe to nahIM lagA letA hai?' ina praznoM ke uttara vaha svayaM meM spaSTa kare aura usake AdhAra para Akalana kare ki vaha kitanA pratizata manuSya bana pAyA hai aura abhI kitanA pratizata bananA bAkI hai| jIvana kI kalA ke vikAsa kA pramANa yaha hogA ki ApakI caritrazIlatA sarvatra sahayoga ke lie mana se tatpara rahatI hai, Apa meM aisA sahaja bhAva utpanna ho gayA hai ki jahAM kahIM bhI raheM, kisI bhI paristhiti meM raheM ekarUpa hokara raha sakate haiM tathA Apake jIvana ke hara pahalU meM bhadratA, saralatA, ekarUpatA evaM caritrAtmakatA kA pUrNa rUpa se samAveza ho cukA hai| saralatA kI uttama kasauTI yahI hai ki manuSya jisa sarala bhAva se sunasAna jaMgala meM apane dAyitva ko nibhAtA hai, usI bhAva se vaha nagara kI cahala-pahala meM apane dAyitva nibhaave| koI dekhe yA nahIM usakA usa para koI asara nahIM pdd'taa| use jo dAyitva nibhAnA hai vaha hara hAla meM nibhAnA hai-usakI yahI kartavya buddhi jAgRta rhe| __ caritra vikAsa ke sAtha jaba jIvana kI yaha kalA vistAra pAtI hai to ni:svArtha evaM nizchala ekatA kA zItala bayAra saba ora pravAhita ho jAtA hai aura usa pravAha ke samparka meM jo bhI AtA hai, vaha usase prabhAvita hokara caritra nirmANa meM juTa jAtA hai| yaha vistAra pUre vizva taka bhI ho sakatA hai aura usa avasthA meM vaha vistAra vizva ke ekIkaraNa kA rUpa lene lagatA hai| Rgveda meM kahA gayA hai-yaha vizva eka ghoMsale ke samAna hai (yatra vizvaM bhavatyekanIr3am) aura isa eka ghoMsale meM sabhI kA zAntipUrNa AvAsa saMbhava hai| manuSya soce ki sArA bhUmaMDala merA deza hai aura yaha sArA deza eka ghoMsalA hai jisameM hama saba pakSI ke rUpa meM raha rahe haiN| isa vicAra ke sAtha phira kaunasI bhUmi bacegI jisako pratyeka manuSya apanI na mAneM? samasta vizva manuSya kA vatana hai aura vaha jahA~ kahIM bhI jAve yA rahe to sabake sAtha ekarUpa hokara hI rhe| yahI caritra vikAsa kI kasauTI hogii| jisa manuSya kA caritra vikasita ho jAtA hai, vaha sahaja bhAva se pUre vizva ko dekhatA hai aura use apanA parivAra mAna letA hai aura phira usI sahaja bhAva se sabake prati apane kartavyoM kA saccAI ke sAtha nirvAha karatA hai| aisA manuSya dRSTA bana jAtA hai-apane Apako dekhatA hai-apane hI guNa doSoM ko dekhatA hai tathA unako sudhArane kA prayAsa karatA hai| caritra vikAsa kA yahI phala sAmane AnA cAhie ki manuSya sahaja bhAva se apane kartavyoM evaM dAyitvoM kA nirvAha kare tathA isI meM apane jIvana kI sArthakatA smjhe| sAtha hI vaha apanI caritraniSThA ko itanA vyApaka rUpa de ki usakI kArya kSamatA ke ghere meM sampUrNa vizva kA kalyANa evaM mAnava jAti kA aikya samA jaae| nizcaya mAneM ki caritra bala ke lie koI bhI sAdhya asaMbhava nahIM: kisI bhI kSetra ke kisI aise saphala vyaktitva kA nAma zAyada koI nahIM DhUMDha pAegA, jisake pAsa 532

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caritrabala se hI ghUmegA zubhaMkara parivartana kA cakra caritra bala na rahA ho aura usane jIvana kI uccatama saphalatA prApta kara lI ho, kyoMki binA Atmabala athavA manobala ke koI bhI saphalatA prApta nahIM kI jA sakatI haiM tathA Atmabala athavA manobala kA aMkuraNa mAtra caritra bala kI dharatI para hI saMbhava hotA hai| isake sAtha hI caritra bala kI vaha mahimA hai ki jo caritra balI hotA hai, usake lie koI bhI sAdhya asaMbhava nahIM hotaa| caritra bala ke koSa meM 'asaMbhava' zabda hai hI nhiiN| ___ caritra bala ke saMdarbha meM dekheM to manuSyoM ko do zreNiyoM meM bAMTa sakate haiM-1. caritrazIla puruSa evaM 2. caritrahIna puruss| jo caritrazIla hai, vaha sajjana hai aura jo caritrahIna puruSa hai vaha durjana hai| sat aura dUra unake svabhAva kA paricaya dete haiN| sajjana ke svabhAva meM nyAya hotA hai, nIti hotI hai aura sadAcAra hotA ha tathA isake viparIta durjana ke svabhAva meM pApAcAra hotA hai, pAkhaMDa hotA hai| ina do prakAra-caritrazIla evaM caritrahIna puruSoM ko vaidika sAhitya meM sura evaM asura kahA hai| guNAnusAra inhIM prakAroM kI vRttiyoM ko gItA meM daivI sampadA aura AsurI sampadA kahA hai| yaha devaloka ke devoM yA asuraloka ke asuroM kI bAta nahIM hai| yaha bAta isI vizva meM rahane vAloM kA unakI vRttiyoM ke anusAra hI vibhAjana hai| manuSya stara se jo nIce utara gae haiM ve hI asura haiM aura usa stara se bhI jo Upara uTha gae haiM ve hI deva haiN| yoM donoM staroM meM jo antara hai vaha antara caritra vikAsa kA hai| isa dRSTi se jo asura hai vaha sadA hI asura hai, aisA nahIM hai| vaha apane caritra kA samucita vikAsa karake deva stara ko prApta kara sakatA hai| isI prakAra apane caritra kA patana ho jAne para deva bhI asura stara taka pahuMca jAtA hai| ataH isa mUla satya ko samajha lenA Avazyaka hai ki mAnava jIvana kA niyantA aura koI nahIM, svayaM usI kA caritra hai aura caritra nirmANa jIvana kA prathama kartavya hai, dharma hai| ___mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne kahA hai-sajjanoM kA jo lenA hai, vaha bAdaloM dvArA pAnI lene aura dene ke samAna hI hotA hai (AdAnaM hi visargAya sUtAM vaarimucaamiv)| megha vApisa jala lauTA dete haiN| kintu isa lauTA dene kI bhI vizeSatA hai| samudra se jo jala ve lete haiM, vaha khArA hotA hai, lekina varSA ke rUpa meM jo jala ve lauTAte haiM, vaha mIThA hotA hai| sajjanoM kA svabhAva bhI meghoM ke samAna hotA hai| ve samAja se jo kucha grahaNa karate haiM, ve use phira samAja ko hI dete haiM aura isa lauTAne kI bhI eka vilakSaNatA hotI hai| dAna karate samaya sajjana puruSa ke hRdaya meM yaha bhAvanA nahIM rahatI ki maiM dAna kara rahA huuN| ve dAna to karate haiM, kintu ve dAna ke ahaMkAra ko apane mana meM praveza nahIM karane dete haiN| dAna mUla meM AdAna hI hai, pAnA hI hai| eka pAzcAtya vidvAn ne kahA hai-"jo kucha hamane diyA, vaha hamane pAyA, jo kucha hamane kharca kiyA vaha khAyA tathA jo hamane chor3A vaha hamane gNvaayaa|" (what we gave, we have (got) what we spent we had (lost), what we left, we lost (wasted) / samajhane kI bAta yaha hai ki jo kucha hamane diyA, hamane pA liyA aura jo kucha hama de rahe haiM, use hama avazya prApta kareMge, kintu jisa sampatti kA na hamane apane lie ucita upayoga kiyA aura na hama usakA dAna hI kara pAe, balki marane ke bAda yahIM chor3a gae to vaha hamArI apanI nahIM rhii| isI prakAra mAnava caritra kI upalabdhi ko bhI samajhanA caahie| yadi caritrazIla banane kA upakrama nahIM kiyA to samajhie ki isa amUlya jIvana ko naSTa hI kara diyaa| caritrahIna bane rahane yA banane kA 533

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sucaritram artha hai ki jIvana meM hamane saba kucha kho diyA-yadi caritra gayA to saba kucha gyaa| (If character is lost every thing is lost) / caritrahInatA kA jIvana mAtra abhAvoM kA jIvana raha jAtA hai| ataH caritrazIla bananA jIvana ko sArthaka banAne kA mUla upAya hai| jo caritra nirmANa karake usase sampanna bana jAtA hai, usakA eka hI mUla svabhAva bana jAtA hai| vaha sirpha detA hai aura denA hI jAnatA hai| usakA dhana aura usakI zakti dUsaroM ke lie hotI hai| dUsaroM ko pIr3A pahuMcAne ke lie usakI talavAra kabhI bhI myAna se bAhara nahIM nikalatI hai| unakA mAnasa dayA au karuNA se AplAvita rahatA hai, bhalA usakI talavAra kI noka dUsare ke kaleje ko kaise cIra sakatI hai? kintu samaya par3ane para vaha dIna, asahAya tathA anAtha janoM ke adhikAroM kI rakSA ke lie apane prANoM kI bAjI de sakatA hai| dene ke lie vaha apane prANoM kA bhI moha nahIM karatA hai| ___ jaba caritrazIla puruSa denA hI denA cAhatA hai to usake caritra meM itanI zakti samAhita ho jAtI hai ki vaha kisI bhI asaMbhava ko saMbhava banA de| caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ke sahabhAgiyoM ko aisI zakti kA AbhAsa lenA caahie| yaha sajjana zakti aura caritra nirmANa kA pathika isa zakti kI prApti ke lie sadA prayAsarata rahatA hai| mAnava jIvana ko prApta kara lenA hI saba kucha nahIM hai, usakI saphalatA tabhI hai jaba mAnavocita sadguNoM ko jIvana meM utAra liyA jAe tathA apane ko caritra sampanna banA liyA jaae| yaha abhiyAna isa dRSTi se sabake sahayoga kA pAtra kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki yaha sarvajana meM caritra nirmANa kI preraNA phUMkanA cAhatA hai tathA jo isake sahabhAgI haiM unake caritra ko UMcAI taka pahuMcA denA cAhatA hai| ye donoM kArya eka dUsare ke pUraka haiN| caritra nirmANa ko protsAhana denA, apane hI jIvana ko utthAna kI dizA meM mor3anA hai| 534

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jIvana nirantara calate rahane kA nAma 40

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jIvana nirantara calate rahane kA nAma mAnava jIvana kI sArthakatA isI meM hai ki auroM ke mana meM bhI sArthakatA kI jijJAsA jagAveM hue muskurA die jIvana usI kA nAma / muskurA kara khilakhilA die jIvana usI kA nAma / jIne kI cintAoM meM, jie jAte kaI loga cintAoM ko daphanA diyA, jIvana usI kA nAma / jo rAha sAmane milI, usI para kyUM cale ? apanI banAeM rAha hama jIvana usI kA nAma / Thokara lagegI pAMva meM, kAMTeM bhI cubheMge maMjila gale lagA lI jIvana usI kA nAma / calatA hai Ajakala bahuta paise kA tamAzA mana kI luTA do daulata jIvana usI kA nAma / sapanoM kI kalpanAoM pe ur3ane kA artha kyA ? sapane ko saca utAra deM jIvana usI kA nAma / 535

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sucaritram apamAna kI ahaM ko Thesa hara kadama lage apamAna ko jo pI jAe jIvana usI kA naam| mAcisa nikAlI Aga lagA dI jahAM cAhe lapaToM ko jo bujhA de jIvana usI kA naam| kahIM krodha kahIM lobha, ghRNA kA kahIM tAMDava dIyA pyAra kA jalA de jIvana usI kA naam| mana cAhoM ko sahArA de diyA to kyA kiyA? anacAhoM ko saMbhAla leM jIvana usI kA naam| sandeha ke bhaMvara meM Aja hama ulajhA gae vizvAsa ko jagA deM jIvana usI kA naam| sUraja kI dhUpa meM jhulasa rahe pathika ke prANa jalatoM ko ThaMDI chAMva deM jIvana usI kA naam| svArtha ke lie jI lie,svArtha ke lie mara miTe kabhI mAnavatA ke lie miTeM jIvana usI kA naam| merI yaha racanA kucha purAnI hai, kintu zAyada isakI prAsaMgikatA Aja adhika hai| isa bhogavAdI vAtAvaraNa ne jIvana ke mAyane hI badala die haiM aura ye mAyane bhAratIya saMskRti ke kataI anurUpa nahIM haiN| hamArI saMskRti bhoga para nahIM, saMyama para bala detI hai, svArtha ke viruddha tyAga ko sarvAdhika grAhya mAnatI hai aura dehasukha ko jaghanya batAte hue Atmasukha utpanna karane kA mArga sujhAtI hai, vahAM Aja vaijJAnika upakaraNoM kI sahAyatA se bhogaliptatA akalpanIya rUpa se bar3hI hai, tyAga muzkila se hI kahIM dikhAI detA hai, para svArtha hI nahIM, svArtha kI aMdhatA bhI behisAba ho gaI hai aura Atma-sukha to zAyada loga bhUla hI gae haiN| caubIsoM ghaMTe dehasukha kI suvidhAeM juTAne meM Aja kA bhUlA bhaTakA mAnava vyasta hai| aise meM jIvana kA rahasya khoja pAnA to kaThina hI hai, kintu jIvana kA artha samajhanA bhI AsAna nhiiN| isI ke lie caritra nirmANa kA abhiyAna hai| ___ apane dhyAna ko kendrastha kareM ki jIne kA nAma hI jindagI nahIM hai, balki khaTTI-mIThI khuziyoM kI phuhAra, thor3e gile-zikave hI jIvana meM nita nayA utsAha aura mAdhurya bhara dete haiM, to kyoM na hama saba inhIM indradhanuSI raMgoM se apane jIvana ko sjaaveN| adhisaMkhya logoM ke jIvana meM Aja jo nirAzA, 536

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jIvana nirantara calate rahane kA nAma kuMThA aura riktatA samAI huI hai, use dUra karane ke lie indradhanuSI raMgoM kI pahalI jarUrata hai| jaba koI vyathita evaM hatAza vyakti apanI vyathA va hatAzA se chuTakArA pAtA hai tabhI usakI tana-mana kI avasthA meM halkApana AtA hai| vaisI avasthA meM hI use saMyama aura tyAga kI bAteM samajhAI jA sakatI hai / isalie sabase pahale muskurAne aura khilakhilAne kI bAta kahI gaI hai| Apa muskurAogekhilakhilAoge to nizcita hai ki cintAoM kA bhAra ghaTegA aura nizcintatA kI sAMseM Ane lgegii| taba apanI tAkata kA ahasAsa hogA aura apanA rAstA khuda banAne kI umaMga paidA hogii| rAstA cAhie to usakI maMjila bhI dikhAI degI aura jaba umaMgeM laharAtI haiM to patha kI bAdhAoM-ThokaroM, kAMToM kI kauna paravAha karatA hai ? caritra sampannatA kI maMjila kI ora bar3hane vAlA pathika dhana aura svArtha ke cakkara meM kabhI nahIM phaMsegA, vaha to apane mana kI apAra khuziyoM ko sabase bAMTate hue khuzI-khuzI calatA jaaegaa| vaha sapane dekhegA, para una sapanoM ko sAkAra karane kA sAhasa bhI juTA legA / usakA bhale hI koI apamAna kare vaha apamAna pI jAegA aura sarvasammAna kI sarasatA phailA degaa| ghRNA, IrSyA, vaira, virodha, rAga, dveSa kI Aga jahAM bhI use jalatI huI dikhAI degI, una lapaToM ko vaha apane pyAra ke zItala jala se bujhAtA jaaegaa| prema ke eka dIpaka se vaha hajAroM-lAkhoM dIpaka jalAte hue prakAza ke ghanatva ko bar3hAtA hI jaaegaa| vaha apane caritra bala se anacAhoM, asahAyoM aura pIr3itoM kI pIr3A ko dUra karegA, unheM vikAsa kI dizA meM Age bddh'aaegaa| vaha avizvAsa kI AMdhiyoM meM vizvAsa kA phaulAdI hAtha bana jAegA aura eka-eka ko apanA saMbala dekara nirbhaya bnaaegaa| vaha tyAga kA Adarza banegA aura mAnavatA ke utthAna ke lie apanA saba kucha bali vedI para car3hA dene meM bhI kabhI nahIM hickicaaegaa| kauna hai yaha 'vaha'? vahI hai jo caritra nirmANa se caritra sampannatA kI maMjila kI ora Age bar3hate rahane ke lie saMkalpabaddha ho jAtA hai athavA yoM kahie ki jo apane amUlya jIvana ke sahI mAyane samajha letA hai aura yaha bhalI-bhAMti jAna jAtA hai ki jIvana kisakA nAma hai aura usake antaHkaraNa se AvAja nikalatI hai-jIvana usI kA nAma / 'ai jindagI, kAza hamane bhI tujhe jiyA hotA' yaha kahakara bAda meM pachatAnA na par3e : jaba kaheM ki 'jIvana usI kA nAma hai' to usa jIvana kI kalA kyA hogI? choTe meM kaheM to hara kAma ko samajhadArI aura khUbasUratI se karanA hI jIvana kI kalA hai| yaha kalA hara kSetra meM upayoga hotI hai| jIvana ko hara samaya nirAzAoM, samasyAoM evaM nAsamajhI ke sAtha jInA, jInA nahIM, mAtra jIvana kA bojha DhonA hI kahA jA sakatA hai| jabaki jIvana kI kalA jIvana ko 'sarvasukhAya, sarvahitAya' upayogI hI nahIM banAtI, balki vaha jIvana ke hara pahalU ko kalAtmaka, guNAtmaka evaM surucisampanna banA detI hai| isake viparIta jIvana kA durupayoga karanA, hara vakta sacce-jhUThe gilezikave karate rahanA aura jIvana meM viSamatAoM kA aMdherA bhara denA jIvana ko vinaSTa kara dene se kama nhiiN| jIvana kI kalA nahIM sIkhI to jIvana ke saMdhyA kAla meM aisA maukA A sakatA hai jaba pachatAve ke sAtha ye zabda anAyAsa hI muMha se phUTa par3e- 'ai jindagI, kAza hamane bhI tujhe jiyA hotA!' aisA pazcAttApa karane kA maukA kabhI na Ave isake lie jIvana ko indradhanuSI raMgoM se sajAne kI kalA sIkheM jisakI pramukha bhUmikA hogI ki Apa muTThI meM baMda khuziyoM ko kholeM aura unheM dUra 537

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sucaritram dUra taka apane saMgI-sAthiyoM ke diloM meM bikhera deM-bAMTa deN| ina kucha binduoM para dhyAna deM___1. sAmayika evaM sakArAtmaka soca banAveM : sukha pUrvaka jIvana jIne kI mukhya zarta hai ki vyakti vartamAna meM jie-sabase pahale sAmayikatA ko smjhe| sAmAnyataH vyakti apane atIta kI smRtiyoM meM khoyA rahatA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM sarvazreSTha upanyAsakAra zarad candra caTarjI apane upanyAsa 'zeSa prazna' meM kahate haiM-'mana kA bur3hApA vahI hai jo apane sAmane kI ora nahIM dekha sakatA, jisakA hArA-thakA jarAgrasta mana bhaviSya kI samasta AzAoM ko tilAMjali dekara sirpha atIta ke andara hI jindA rahanA cAhatA hai aura mAnoM use kucha karane kI, kucha pAne kI cAha hI nahIM hai-vartamAna usakI dRSTi meM lupta hai, anAvazyaka hai aura bhaviSya arthahIna / atIta hI usake lie saba kucha hai| vahI usakA Ananda, vahI usakI vedanA aura vahI hai usakA mUladhana-usI ko bhunA-bhunA kara gujara karake jIvana ke bAkI dina vaha bitA denA cAhatA hai| atIta kI smRtiyoM meM khoye rahane vAle adhikAMza vyakti bhaviSya ko banAne kI kArya yojanA meM nahIM, balki bhaviSya kI kAlpanika ur3AnoM meM hI ur3ate . phirate haiN| ye vRttiyAM ucita nhiiN| eka kI smRti aura dUsare kI kalpanA meM vartamAna ke sunahare pala yoM hI bIta jAte haiM-nirarthaka ho jAte haiN| sAmayikatA ke abhAva meM sArthaka kucha bhI nahIM ho paataa| sAtha hI soca kA sakArAtmaka honA bhI caritra nirmANa ke lie Avazyaka hai| gilAsa jitanA bharA hai use dekhakara khuza honA sIkheM, vaha kitanA khAlI hai usakA rAga gAkara duHkhI na hoN| samaya ke anusAra badalate pariveza meM jIne kA abhyAsa honA caahie| 2. Atma vizvAsa evaM sneha bharapUra rakheM : jIvana ko rucikara tathA khuzahAla banAne ke lie Avazyaka hai ki vyakti svayaM ke antara meM khUba sneha aura vizvAsa bhre| AtmavizvAsa evaM sneha se bharapUra vyakti hI dUsaroM ko vizvAsa va sneha de sakatA hai tathA usakI soI huI jIvantatA ko punarjIvita kara sakatA hai| vahI vyakti sahAnubhUti evaM sahayoga kI bhAvanA ko bhI balavatI banA sakatA hai| parivAra, samAja aura rASTra tathA yahAM taka ki samagra vizva ko eka sUtra meM bAMdhane meM sahAnubhUti evaM sahayoga kI bhAvanA atyanta upayogI aura sahAyaka ho sakatI hai| isa bhAvanA ke binA vyakti kA svayaM kA jIvana to nIrasa hotA hI hai, para usakI vaha nIrasatA parivAra, samAja Adi kI sarasatA ko bhI panapane nahIM detI hai| . . 3. adhikatama mitra banAveM,samasta prANiyoM se maitrI rakheM: acchI dostI jIvana ko khuzahAla aura samajhadAra banAne meM ahama bhUmikA adA karatI hai, kyoMki jaba kabhI bhI vyakti apane ko kisI parezAnI yA samasyA se ghirA huA mahasUsa karatA hai to eka sacce aura acche dosta se milI salAha se hI use sukUna mila sakatA hai aura kAphI hada taka samasyA kA samAdhAna bhI nikala sakatA hai| acche dosta ke sAtha vyakti sahajatA aura halkApana pAtA hai| dilo-dimAga ko tanAva mukta rakhate ke lie acchA hai ki kisI sacce dosta se apanA sukha-duHkha bAMTa liyA jaae| dhyAna rakheM-jo vyakti hara samaya meM apane hI duHkhoM kA ronA rotA rahatA hai-sukha aura khuziyAM usake daravAje se hI vApisa lauTa jAtI hai| isalie adhikatama mitroM ko apanA saccA sAthI bnaaveN| sAtha hI saMsAra ke eka bhI prANI ke sAtha baira na rahe, sabake sAtha maitrI kA bhAva rkheN| 538

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jIvana nirantara calate rahane kA nAma 4. duHkha ke kAraNoM ko samajheM aura duHkha ko dUrI para hI rakheM : sabhI dharmanAyakoM ne duHkhoM ke kAraNoM para rozanI DAlI hai aura jIvana meM unake unmUlana kA upadeza diyA hai| vicAra marmajJa jainendra kumAra jaina ne apane upanyAsa 'tyAga patra' meM duHkhotpatti kA mArmika vizleSaNa diyA hai-'vartamAna ke satya aura bhaviSya meM svapna ko loga ekasUtra meM guMthe hue ekameka na dekhakara apane ajJAna se apane bhItara jaba unheM TakarA baiThate haiM taba utpanna hotA hai vigraha arthAt duHkh| kaccI par3hAI se AzAeM uddAma ho jAtI haiM aura vigraha bar3hatA hai| spaSTa hai ki vigraha jitanA gaharA, dvanda jitanA tIvra, paristhitiyoM tathA AzAoM kA antara jitanA durlaghya aura 'jo hai usase rUSTa hokara 'jo cAhie' use pA lene kI Asakti jitanI hI aMdhI hogI, duHkha utanA hI kaSTakara hogaa|' isa vizleSaNa se sApha ho jAtA hai ki adhikAMza duHkha to vyakti svayaM hI apanI nAsamajhI se apane lie paidA karatA rahatA hai| apane kAraka hone ko to vaha samajhatA nahIM aura apane duHkhoM ke lie hamezA dUsaroM ko hI kosatA rahatA hai| caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ke sahabhAgiyoM ko isa ora vizeSa dhyAna denA cAhie ki apane lie ve anAvazyaka rUpa se duHkhoM kA jaMgala na ugAveM aura na hI apanI bhUla se dUsaroM ke jIvana meM du:khoM ke bavaMDara claaveN| duHkhoM ko apane se hamezA dUrI para hI rkheN| 5. nirAzAvAdI dRSTikoNa tyAgeM, sadA AzAvAdI raheM : jIvana ke prati mAtra nirAzAvAdI dRSTikoNa na rkheN| AzAvAdI banane kA tathA jIvana meM nayA utsAha, prema aura vizvAsa bharane kA nitya prayatna karate rheN| isase jindagI raMgIna, Anandamaya ho jAegI tathA khuziyoM se bhara jaaegii| jaba bhI hama apanA mana jarA sA bhI udAsa yA ukhar3A huA pAveM to saMgIta kI madhuratA meM kho jaaveN| apane pasaMdIdA gItoM va bhajanoM meM tallInatA se apUrva zAnti milegii| saca, Apa apane udAsI bhare mana ke kisI kone meM khuzI kI gudagudAhaTa sI paaeNge| saMgIta jIvana ke sAtha gaharAI se jur3A huA hai, jo mana kI udAsI miTAne kA zreSTha samArdhAna hai| kahIM aisA to nahIM ki Apa hamezA apanI jindagI meM gilezikave hI karate rahe hoM aura aba Adata se majabUra ho gae haiN| nirAza aura asantuSTa vyakti hamezA asaMtoSa hI jAhira karatA hai aura nirAzAvAdI banA rahatA hai| usakA soca bhI nakArAtmaka ho jAtA hai| isa Adata se majabUra vyakti ko svayaM kI khuziyoM kI bhI dastaka sunAI nahIM detI hai, phira vaha parivAra Adi kI dastaka ko kyA samajheM? agara parivAra kA koI anya vyakti usakI dastaka ko sunanA cAhe to vaha use sunane bhI nahIM detA yAnI na svayaM khuza, na dUsaroM se khuza aura dUsaroM kI khuzI se vaha apanA sarokAra hI nahIM banAtA hai| matalaba yaha huA ki aise vyakti na khuda khuza raheMge aura na dUsaroM ko khuza rahane deNge| ve agara apane Apako AzAvAdI banA leM aura thor3I sUjhabUjha tathA dhairya se kAma leM to ve na sirpha dUsaroM ko, balki svayaM ko bhI bharapUra khuziyAM de sakate haiN| jIvana meM nirAzAvAdI dRSTikoNa rakhanA apane hI hAthoM jIvana kI jIta ko hAra meM badalanA hai| isalie jindagI ke lie Akhira meM pachatAnA na par3e-isake lie jindagI ko bharapUra jIojindAdilI se jIo aura apane va dUsaroM ke lie apanI jindagI ko sarva sahayogAtmaka upakaraNa bnaao| jindagI kI laya jitanI madhura hogI, cAroM ora khuziyAM hI khuziyAM bikhregii| jindagI ke bAre meM kucha racanAkAroM kI ye racanAtmaka bAnagiyA~ jarUra dekhie aura samajhie 539

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sucaritram jindagI kA artha uThanA jindagI kA artha calanA jindagI sonA nahIM hai jindagI hai karma kI pAvana triveNI jindagI isa triveNI ke taToM para baiThakara ronA nahIM hai| hAra kara bhI bar3ha rahA hai, jaya ke lie jo jo svayaM hArA magara himmata nahIM hArI jindagI jItA huA usako kahU~gA rAha meM jindagI jisane gujaarii| vaha patha kyA, pathika-kuzalatA kyAjisa patha para bisvare zUla na hoM? nAvika kI dhairya parIkSA kyA yadi dhArAeM pratikUla na hoM? jaba calanA sIkhA jAtA hai, taba samajha meM AtI hai jIvana kI gati : manuSya kI cAla dekhI jAtI hai, usakA calana dekhA jAtA hai aura usa para se manuSya kI kImata AMkI jAtI hai| yoM calane kA bAharI aura bhItarI matalaba bar3A gaharA mAnA gayA hai| bAhara kI cAla se hI bhItara kA calana parakhA jAtA hai aura jisakA cAla calana prAmANika nahIM mAnA jAtA hai-usakA caritra nirmANa jarUrI hai| caritra nirmANa abhiyAna kA yahI pramukha uddezya hai| calanA kaise sIkhatA hai manuSya-isakI jAnakArI bar3I dilacaspI hai| garbha meM rahane vAlA zizu sabase pahale pAMva calAnA sikhatA hai aura mA~ ke peTa ko apanA karmasthala banAtA hai| isa karataba ko vaha bhalatA nahIM aura garbhAzaya se bAhara nikala kara bhI ziza kA jo halana calana hotA hai usameM pAMva calAnA hI khAsa hotA hai| pAMva calAte-calAte hI vaha karavaTa badalatA hai aura ulTA sarakane lagatA hai| cAla ke kAma ko vaha kahIM bhI bhUlatA nhiiN| kucha bar3A hone ke bAda jaba vaha apane pitA yA mAtA ko apanI aMgulI thamA kara sIdhA calane kI koziza karatA hai to calane kI kSamatA kA vikAsa hone lagatA hai| taba antima abhyAsa ke rUpa meM vaha apane bala para binA sahAre ke calane lagatA hai| ziza se kizora kI cAla meM adhika sthiratA AtI hai to yuvaka kI cAla usakI zakti kI pratIka bana jAtI hai| yaha hai manuSya kI bAharI cAla kI khaanii| jaba bAhara kI cAla pukhtA banatI hai taba gati kI sthiratA aura usakA vega samajha meM AtA hai| isa samajha meM bhItara kI tAkata kabhI jaDatI rahatI hai aura 540

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jIvana nirantara calate rahane kA nAma usI tAkata ke mutAbika cAla kI majabUtI yA kamajorI dikhAI detI hai| cAla meM vistRta samparka, vividha kArya tathA ajIba anubhava ke bAda nae-nae guNoM kA samAveza hotA rahatA hai| eka udAharaNa leN| anya vAhana to ThIka hai, lekina kisI kI sAikila calAne kI cAla se usakI saMtulana, satarkatA, anuzAsana Adi kaI acchAiyoM kI jhalaka milatI hai| yaha vAhana do pahiyoM para zrama (binA moTara yA anya zakti ke) se calane vAlA hotA hai| pAMvoM se peMDala lagAne meM khuda kI tAkata kA hI cAla meM asara dikhAI detA hai| eka kSaNa ke lie bhI jo saMtulana bigar3e to sAikila savAra ko nIce gira par3ane meM dera nahIM lgegii| saMtulana taba banatA hai jaba gati para apanA niyaMtraNa ho aura yahI niyaMtraNa majabUtI pakar3atA jAe to vaha Atma-niyaMtraNa kA rUpa le sakatA hai| sAikila kaise bhI rAste para calAI jAtI hai-Ubar3a khAbar3a, viSama tala yA UMcI nIcI jamIna para bhI-to isakA asara satarkatA para par3atA hai-jitanI adhika satarkatA, utanI hI adhika surkssaa| satarkatA eka kSaNa ke lie bhI haTI aura koI patthara bIca meM A gayA to cAla bigar3I aura sAikila nIce girI savAra smet| isa kAraNa sAikila para calate samaya lagAtAra satarkatA jarUrI hai| isakA pariNAma hotA hai jIvana meM sAvadhAnI kI nirantaratA bana jAtI hai| sAikila vyavasthita rUpa se calAne kA abhyAsa bana jAne ke bAda anuzAsana bhI svabhAva meM Dhala jAtA hai| aisA hotA hai sAikila cAlana kA suprbhaav| Apa kaheMge ki sAikila to loga calAte haiM, kintu saba meM aise guNa dekhe nahIM jAte haiN| ApakA kahanA bhI sahI ho sakatA hai, kyoMki jo mazInavat sAikila calAte haiM unakI antazcetanA meM ye guNa samAte to haiM kintu svayaM kI anabhijJatA se unakA yathocita vikAsa nahIM ho pAtA hai| kisI bhI kArya ke sAtha usakI gaharI samajha bhI jur3anI cAhie tabhI vaha anubhava guNadAyaka banatA hai| abhiprAya yaha ki cAla kI Antarika kahAnI bAhara kI cAla se bhI jyAdA dilacaspa ho sakatI hai bazarte ki cAla kI Antarika kahAnI bAhara kI cAla se bhI jyAdA dilacaspa ho sakatI hai bazarte ki cAla kI Antarika gaharAIyoM ko bhI samajhane kI ceSTA kI jaae| phira jIvana kI hara cAla se bhItarI cAla kA koI na koI anubhava caritra kA nirmANa evaM vikAsa karane kA kAraka bana sakatA hai| yoM bhItara bAhara kI saMyuktatA itanI ghaniSTha hotI hai ki kaunasA guNa bAhara se bhItara meM jAkara sthira bana gayA hai aura kaunasA guNa bhItara se bAhara Akara sAkAra rUpa le baiThA-isakA jJAna karanA yA bheda jAnanA kaThina hotA hai| mukhya bAta hai manuSya kI cAla kA svastha rUpa meM DhalanA, vipathagAmI na bananA aura kisI bhI paristhiti meM thakane kA nAma na lenaa| yaha saba ho jAe to samajhie ki gati bana gaI aura caritra nirmita ho gyaa| phira caritra ke vikAsa kA tathA caritra sampannatA prApta karane kA uddezya sammukha raha jaaegaa| zizu kI aMgulI pakar3akara use calanA sikhAne vAle abhibhAvakoM ko aura bAda meM calane ko samajha ke sAtha jor3ane vAle zikSakoM kA pradhAna karttavya hai ki zurU se sahI cAla DhAlI jAe, usameM sthiratA aura dRr3hatA paidA kI jAe aura kisI bhI kAraNa se cAla meM DhilAI Ane lage to use vApisa paTarI para lAne ke kAragara upAya bhI samajhAe jaae| bar3e hone para to cAla ke abhibhAvaka aura zikSaka donoM hI usake svayaM ke anubhava ho jAte haiN| anubhavoM se manuSya bahuta sIkhatA hai aura apanI cAla ke oja ko banAe rakhatA hai| isa para bhI cAla kahIM lar3akhar3Ae to dharma guruoM kA dAyitva banatA hai ki ve usakI cAla ko thAmeM, sudhAreM aura svastha banA deN| manuSya kI cAla jo zuru se Age taka jamI huI 541

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sucaritram calatI rahe to usake calana ko kabhI khatarA paidA nahIM hotaa| usakA cAla-calana dUsaroM ke lie anukaraNa karane lAyaka bana jAtA hai| jIvana kA mUla maMtra hai-uTho, calo, calate raho-sAtha na ho to akele hI calo para calo: jIvana kA yahI mUlamaMtra jIne kI kalA sikhAtA hai, use artha detA hai, use gati tathA gati se pragati kI ora mor3atA hai tathA jIvana kI samagratA ko abhivyakta karatA hai| calanA jIvana hai aura Thahara jAnA mrnn| zarIra meM prANa bhale rahe, para sthagana mRtyu se bhI burA hotA hai| yaha mUlamaMtra calane ke tIna caraNoM para prakAza DAlatA hai__ 1. pahalA caraNa hai : uTho aura clo| jIvana kI yaha viDambanA anekoM ke sAtha jur3I huI hai ki jIte hue bhI ve nIMda meM soe haiM, Alasya meM jakar3e haiM aura niSkriyatA meM par3e haiN| unheM jIvana kA koI bhAna nahIM hai| kucha aise haiM jo soe bhI haiM aura jAgate bhI rahate haiM, para uThate nhiiN| jo pUrI taraha nIMda meM haiM unako bhI jagAnA hotA hai aura adhasoyoM ko bhii| kintu donoM kA pharka samajha leN| nIMda meM pUrI taraha soyoM ko uThAnA AsAna hai lekina adhasoyoM ko uThAnA jarA kaThina hotA hai, kyoMki ve jagAne kA bahAnA to karate haiM parantu asala meM jAgate nahIM haiN| to mUlamaMtra ke isa pahale caraNa meM caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ke sahabhAgiyoM ko pahalA nArA denA cAhie ki uTho, nIMda se jAgo aura apane ko sAvadhAna banA lo| phira dUsarA nArA lagAie ki clo| yaha nArA mahattvapUrNa hai, kyoMki calane kA hI nAma jindagI hai| jaba koI jAga kara, uTha kara cala detA hai to phira vaha Alasya ke adhIna nahIM hotA haipramAda se apramAda ko apanA letA hai| calane kA prANa hotI hai sphUrti aura sphUrtivAna phira calane se hAra nahIM maantaa| --- 2. dUsarA caraNa hai : calate rho| jaba cala par3e ho to phira ruko nahIM, calate raho, kyoMki calate rahoge to jIvana se otaprota rahoge.kabhI-bhI matya kA AbhAsa taka nahIM hogaa| jIvantatA jIvana kI thAtI bana jaaegii| 'calate raho' kI vRtti meM kharagoza kI taraha bhAga to jAo, para rAha meM yaha gumAna lekara so jAo ki merI teja cAla ke sAmane maMjila para pahuMca jAnA kaunasI bar3I bAta hai? yoM cAla to teja banA lI, para so gae aura maMjila gumA dii| aisI kharagoza kI cAla nahIM caahie| kachue kI cAla hI isase behatara hotI hai| kachuA dhIme-dhIme bhale hI calatA hai, lekina kahIM rukatA nhiiN| rAha meM so jAne kA to savAla hI nhiiN| dhIme-dhIme calate hue bhI vaha nizcita samaya meM maMjila para pahuMca kara hI dama letA hai| isa saphalatA kA rahasya jIvana ke isa mUlamaMtra ke dUsare caraNa meM hai ki calate raho, calate raho jaba taka ki maMjila para na pahuMca jaao| eka-sA utsAha rahe, eka-sI umaMga rahe aura eka-sI cAla rhe| gatyAvarodha na ho aura gatyAtmakatA banI rahe-yaha sabase bar3I bAta hai| 3. tIsarA caraNa : sAtha na ho to akele hI calo, para calo avshy| calanA jindagI hai isalie kisI bhI paristhiti meM jindagI se vilaga mata hoo| samUha choTA ho yA bar3A-sAtha-sAtha calane meM AsAnI mahasUsa hotI hai aura lagAtAra calate bhI raha sakate haiM, lekina kisI kA sAtha na ho aura 542

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jIvana nirantara calate rahane kA nAma ekadama akele calanA ho to kaiyoM ke lie yaha kaThina samasyA bana sakatI hai| isI samasyA kA uttara hai tIsare caraNa meN| mahAkavi ravIndra nAtha Taigora kA pramukha AhvAna rahA hai-ekalA calo re, ekalA clo| sAtha na ho to sAhasa ko baDhAo, vizeSa sphUrti jagAo aura tana-mana ko taiyAra kara do akele hI calane ke lie| na calanA mRtyu hai aura calanA jIvana kintu akele hI calanA aura maMjila ko pA lenA mahA jIvana kahalAtA hai| kaurava pAMDavoM kI antima lar3AI kRSNa ke nirdezana meM lar3I gii| arjuna akele calane yAnI akele lar3ane se ghabarA rahe the-kaise vAra karUM apanoM para aura inkAra ho gae calane se-lar3AI karane se| taba kRSNa ne arjuna ko jagAyA, sAvadhAna banAyA aura unheM akele calate rahane ko taiyAra kara diyaa| kaSNa patha pradarzaka bane aura arjana ekAkI yoddhA bne| isa pariprekSya meM vyAsa ne apanA niSkarSa nikAlA-jahAM yogezvara kRSNa yuddha kA netRtva kareMge, arjuna apanA dhanuSa uThA kara lar3eMge, vahAM vijaya ke atirikta kyA ho sakatA hai? vahAM vijaya hai, abhyudaya hai aura jIvana kI U~cAI hai-yaha merA nizcita mata hai (yatra yogezvaraH kRSNo, yatra pArtho dhnurdhrH| tatra zrIvijayo bhUtidhuMvA niitirmmirmm)| vAstava meM yaha mata sahI hai| mahAbhArata meM kRSNa nirdezaka the aura arjuna ekAkI yoddhA, usI prakAra hamAre antaHkaraNa meM bhI kRSNa aura arjuna virAjamAna hai| kRSNa jJAnayoga ke pratIka haiM aura arjuna karmayoga ke prtiik| karmayoga ko netRtva milanA cAhie, phira vaha akelA hI tIvra gati se karma patha para cala par3atA hai| jJAna aura karma kA samanvaya ho jAtA hai| calanA mAnava jIvana kA mukhya caritra bana jAtA hai| jIvana ke mahAbhArata meM bhI yadi mAnava isa mUlamaMtra ko apanA kara lar3e to usakI vijaya honA sunizcita hai| apanI caritra sampannatA taka cala kara pahuMcane vAlA mAnava antatogatvA vijayazrI kA avazyameva varaNa karatA hai| calane kA artha hai-sarvocca satya kI ahiMsaka zodha meM lage raho : __calane kA saccA artha sabase Age bar3ha kara mahAvIra ne khojA thA, jinake siddhAntoM ko 'nigraMtha dharma' kA nAma bhI diyA gayA hai| nigraMtha-eka jIvana paddhati kA nAma hai jisakA satya vizvAtmakatA meM samAviSTa thaa| ye do mUlabhUta siddhAnta the-vyaktigata samatA evaM sAmAjika nyaay| pahale siddhAnta ke anusAra pratyeka vyakti ko kartA evaM jJAtA hone ke sAtha-sAtha draSTA bananA caahie| vaha apane sAre kAryoM ko apanI hI AMkhoM se dekheM, apane mana meM unheM toleM aura apane antaHkaraNa se unakI zubhAzubhatA para apanA nirNaya le| isa nirNaya zakti ke sAtha vikasita hogA-AtmasaMyama tathA sAmAjika anuzAsana / sAtha hI sahanazIlatA evaM sahakAritA kI guNa-sampannatA bhI bddh'egii| - calane kA artha kA sAkAra rUpa yahI hai ki manuSya hI sampUrNa pragati kA AdhAra hai (Man is the root of progress) aura use avatAravAda, daivavAda yA niyativAda jaisI kisI baizAkhI kI jarUrata nahIM pdd'tii| vaha apane hI pAMvoM se calakara mukti kI maMjila taka pahuMca jAtA hai| use vizvAsa honA cAhie apane hI pAMvoM kI zakti para aura apanI hI cAla ke vega pr| majabUtI ke sAtha eka-eka Daga bharate hue vaha pUrNa caritra sampannatA kI upalabdhi kara sakatA hai aura mukti kI maMjila taka pahuMca sakatA hai| yaha svayaM ke calane kI apanI Atmazakti kI vijaya hotI hai| mahAvIra ne jIvana kI pavitratA tathA AtmA kI vijaya para sarvAdhika bala diyaa| ve jIvana ko hI eka yajJa mAnate the aura 543

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sucaritram Atma-vikAsa usa yajJa kA phl| jaba unase pUchA gayA ki yajJa ke lie ApakI agni kahA~ hai, agni ke lie vedI kahA~ hai, vedI ke lie upakaraNa kahA~ hai aura upakaraNoM kA zAnti pATha kyA hai? una kA uttara thA-tapasyA merI agni hai, Atma-jAgaraNa merI vedI hai, merA zarIra, mere aMga, merI indriyAM aura mana, vacana, karma mere upakaraNa haiM, mere karma merI AhUti hai tathA merI pUrNa zAnti kI pratijJA merA zAnti pATha hai| aisA hai merA yjny| yaha yajJa kyA hai? calane kI utkRSTatA, gati kI zreSThatA evaM pragati kI upaadeytaa| vastutaH yaha sarvocca satya kI khoja meM ahiMsaka jIvanazailI kA svarUpa hai| dhammapada (bauddha graMtha) meM kahA hai'jinakA mana-mAnasa pUrNataH prakAzita ko cukA hai aura jo bhraSTatA, tRSNA aura vaira se mukta ho cukA hai, vaha isI saMsAra meM nirvANa ko prApta kara letA hai|' IsAI dharmagraMtha maithyU' meM kahA gayA hai-tuma ko bhI utanA hI pUrNa bananA cAhie jitanA ki tumhArA parama pitA paramAtmA hai (5-48) calanA, calate rahanA . aura akele bhI calanA isI pUrNatA kA sAdhya prApta karane ke lie hai| calate rahanA hai karma karate rahanA aura karma karate rahanA jIvana kA dharma hai : ___ calanA aura calate rahanA, jIvana kI jIvantatA kA pramANa hotA hai| calate rahane kA artha hai karma karate rhnaa| manuSya niSkarma raha kara jIvita raha sakatA hai kintu vaha jIvanta nahIM ho sktaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki karma karate rahane ko jIvana kA dharma kahA gayA hai aura jo dharma hai, vahI kartavya hai tathA vahI caritra hai| jIvana hai to kucha na kucha dharma bhI hai, kintu kucha na kucha yA koI bhI karma jIvana ke lie kalyANakArI nahIM hotA hai| jIvana kI vAstavika kalA yaha hotI hai ki karma karake bhI akarma rahA jAe, karma karate hue bhI karma kI kAmanA se alipta raheM aura karma ko sAdhya kA sAdhana maaneN| karma jIvana kA mArga hotA hai, jahAM bAhara meM karma karate hue bhI bhItara meM akarma rahA jA sakatA hai| gItA meM kahA gayA hai ki koI bhI manuSya niSkarma nahIM raha sakatA hai-karma to jIvana ke kSaNa-kSaNa meM hotA rahatA hai| karma kA yahAM artha kiyA jA rahA hai kArya se, kriyA se| kintu karma kA anya artha hai ki / manuSya jo bhI kArya karatA hai usakI zubhAzubhatA ke anusAra karma vargaNA ke pudgala usakI AtmA ke sAtha saMyukta hote haiM, jo apanA phalAphala dekara hI chUTate haiN| isa karma kA saMbaMdha bhI calate rahane se hI hai yAnI ki jaisA manuSya kA cAla-calana Dhala jAtA hai usake anusAra vaha kArya karatA hai athavA mana, vacana evaM kAyA kA prayoga karatA hai aura tadanusAra karma kA baMdhana hotA hai| kintu ina karmoM ke baMdhana se bhI aliptatA sAdhI jA sakatI hai| karma meM lipta hone kA artha hai mamatva aura aaskti| yadi kisI bhI kArya ke sAtha moha arthAt rAga va dveSa ke bhAva na jur3eM to ve kArya baMdhana rUpa nahIM bnte| isase Azaya yaha nikalatA hai ki moha rahita yA niSkAma hokara karma kiyA jAe to usase aliptatA A jAtI hai| yadi calane aura calate rahane kA krama bhI mamatva rahita banA liyA jAe to usakA svarUpa nirapekSa bana jAtA hai tathA nirapekSa karma caritra vikAsa kA sAdhaka ho jAtA hai| karma ke sAtha jahAM bhI moha kA sparza hotA hai, vahI baMdhana hotA hai| buddha ne kahA hai-na to ye cakSu rUpoM kA baMdhana hai aura na rUpa hI cakSu ke baMdhana haiM, kintu jo vahAM donoM ke pratyaya (nimitta) se chanda rAga arthAt dveSa buddhi jAgRta hotI hai, vahI baMdhana hai (na cakkhu rUpAnaM saMyojanaM, na rUpA cakkhusma saMyojanaM, yaM ca tattha 544

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jIvana nirantara calate rahane kA nAma tadubhayaM paTicca upajjati chanda rAgo te tatthaM saMyojane cA- saMyukta nikaay-4/35/232)| karmaakarma kA vivecana jaina darzana meM bhI bar3I gaharAI se huA hai ( AcArAMga sUtra, 2/3/15/134) / gItA kI bhASA meM ise hI niSkAma karma kahA gayA hai| manuSya kA yaha svabhAva mAnA gayA hai ki vaha karma kare calatA rhe| yaha mAnyatA darzana kI hI nahIM, manovijJAna kI bhI hai ki pratyeka manuSya ke bhItara 'karttavya buddhi' (karane kA vicAra) kI sphuraNA hotI hai| sAmAnya manuSya kucha karatA hai to sAtha hI yaha socatA bhI hai ki yaha maiMne kiyA yA isakA karane vAlA maiM huuN| isa rUpa se kArya ke sAtha karttApana kI bhAvanA prakaTa hotI hai| kintu isakA eka duSpariNAma bhI sAmane AtA hai usake aura usake karane ke bIca eka 'ahaM' kI dIvAra khar3I ho jAtI hai| vaha 'ahaM' usameM isa taraha socane kA DhaMga paidA kara detA hai ki maiMne hI yaha kAma kiyA hai yA maiM nahIM hotA to yaha kAma bhI nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra 'maiM' ko lekara aneka prakAra ke saMkalpa-vikalpa usake mana meM calane lagate haiM, jaise ki mere binA mere parivAra kI athavA samAja kI ora kahIM padena ho to rAjya yA rASTra kI gAr3I nahIM cala sakatI / karttA buddhi ke aneka vikalpa tUphAna kI taraha haiM aura vahA~-vahA~ jahA~ vaha kArya karatA hai, azAnti evaM kolAhala kA vAtAvaraNa bana jAtA hai / samasyAeM paidA karane kA adhikatara kAma yahI 'ahaM' karatA hai| Aja kisI bhI kSetra meM dekheM - vahA~ kAma karane vAle pratyeka vyakti ke mana meM usake karttApana kA nAga hara vakta phuMkAre mAratA rahatA hai, phalasvarUpa eka dUsare ke 'ahaM' Apasa meM TakarAte rahate haiM aura azAnti kA ghanatva bar3hatA rahatA haiyahAM taka ki vyaktiyoM evaM samUhoM ke kAryakalApa taka saMkaTagrasta ho jAte haiN| isa kartApana kI buddhi yAnI 'ahaM' para ucita niyaMtraNa caritra bala se hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| 'ahaM' kA bhAva jitanA manda hogA, utanA hI zAnti kA vAtAvaraNa saghana banegA / karttavya buddhi ke ahaMkAra ko bhUlanA isalie Avazyaka hai ki jaba taka aisA ahaMkAra banA rahegA usakA calanA svastha nahIM bana skegaa| jaise zarAbI ke pAMva lar3akhar3Ate haiM usI prakAra ahaMkAra ke mada meM cAla bigar3a jAtI hai| cAla bigar3I to calana bigar3A aura pUrA cAla-calana bigar3ane lagatA hai| isa samasyA ke viSaya meM upAdhyAya amara muni jI kA samAdhAna saTIka hai aura anusaraNIya hai- karttavya buddhi ke ahaMkAra ko visArane aura bhulAne kA Akhira kyA tarIkA hai? yaha Apa pUcha sakate haiN| maiMne isakA samAdhAna khojA hai| Apako batAUM ki ahaMkAra kaba jAgRta hotA hai? taba jaba manuSya apanI sAmarthya-sImA ko atiraMjita rUpa se AMkane lagatA hai- 'jo hai' usa se kahIM adhika svayaM ko dekhatA hai, apanI hI vAstavikatA se adhika lambA banA kara nApatA hai, taba auroM se bar3Apana mahasUsa karane laga jAtA hai aura yahI bhAvanA ahaMkAra meM prasphuTita hotI hai| yadi manuSya apane sAmarthya ko sahI rUpa meM AMkane kA prayatna kare, vaha svayaM kyA hai aura kitanA usakA apanA sAmarthya hai- yaha sahI rUpa meM jAne to zAyada kabhI ahaMkAra karane jaisI buddhi bhI na jge| manuSya kA jIvana kitanA kSudra hai aura vaha usameM kyA kara sakatA hai eka zvAsa to idhara-udhara kara nahIM sakatA - phira vaha kisa bAta kA ahaMkAra kare ? sAdhAraNa manuSya to kyA cIja hai? bhagavAn mahAvIra jaise ananta zakti ke dharttA bhI to apane AyuSya ko eka kSaNa bhara Age bar3hA nahIM ske| devarAja indra ne jaba unheM apane AyuSya ko 545

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sucaritram thor3A-sA bar3hAne kI prArthanA kI to bhagavAn ne kyA kahA, mAlUma hai? 'na bhUyaM na bhavissai'-(aisA na haA hai, na kabhI hogA) devarAja! saMsAra kI koI bhI mahAzakti adhika to kyA, apanI eka zvAsa bhI idhara-udhara nahIM kara sakatI (cintana kI manobhUmi, pRSTha 434) / niSkarSa yaha nikalA ki calate rahane ke jIvana-dharma kA nirvAha tabhI svasthatApUrvaka hotA hai jaba usa para calate hue ahaMkAra na paidA ho| ahaMkAra sahI cAla ko bigAr3a detA hai aura manuSya abhimAnI bana kara aisI vikRta cAla pakar3a letA hai ki vaha cAla ke sahIpana ko hI bhUla jAtA hai| cAla ko sahI banAne aura calate rahane kI kriyA ko svastha banAe rakhane ke lie caritra ke nirmANa evaM usake satat vikAsa kI apekSA rahatI hai| Apa calate raheM aura caritra nirmANa kI yAtrA anavarata calatI rahe: Apa caleMge aura calate raheMge, tabhI caritra nirmANa kI yAtrA bhI anavarata calatI rahegI aura vyakti se lekara vizva taka kI samUcI vyavasthA bhI sucArU rUpa se calatI rhegii| uttama uddezya ke sAtha kI jAne vAlI kisI bhI yAtrA meM yadi yAtrI kA utsAha adamya hai to usakI yAtrA meM koI vighna upasthita nahIM ho sakatA tathA usa yAtrA kI pUrNAhuti bhI sunizcita mAnI jA sakatI hai| gurudeva ravIndranAtha Taigora kI nobala prAija se puraskRta kAvya pustikA gItAMjali kA 'yAtrI Ami ore' (yAtrI) zIrSaka se likhA gIta atIva preraNAspada hai-'maiM yAtrI huuN| mujhe koI pakar3a kara roka nahIM sktaa| sukha-duHkha ke sAre baMdhana mithyA hai|' merA yaha apanA ghara bhI pIche par3A raha jaaegaa| viSayoM ke bojhamajhe nIce kI ora khIMce rahe haiM. paranta ve bhI chinna-bhinna hokara bikhara jaaeNge| ....maiM yAtrI haiN| maiM khaba jI bhara kara gAne gAtA huA apane mArga para calatA jA rahA huuN| mere deha-durga ke saba dvAra khula jAeMge, vAsanAoM kI saba jaMjIre TUTa gireNgii| maiM bhalAI-burAI kI laharoM ko kATatA huA pAra ho jAUMgA aura lokalokAntara kI ora calatA rhuuNgaa| ....maiM yAtrI huuN| mere sira para jitanA bhI bojha hai, vaha saba haTa jaaegaa| kisI ajJAta ke bhASAvihIna gIta mujhe sudUra AkAza meM bulA rahe haiN| kisI kI baMzI ke gaMbhIra svara saMdhyA-savere mere prANoM ko apanI ora khIMca rahe haiN| ...maiM yAtrI huuN| na jAne rAta ke kisa pichale pahara meM yAtrA ke lie nikala pdd'aa| usa samaya kahIM kisI bhI pakSI kA gIta nahIM sunAI par3a rahA thaa| na jAne kitanI rAta bAkI thii| usa aMdhakAra meM kevala eka nakSatra animeSa hagoM meM jAga rahA thaa|...maiN yAtrI huuN| na jAne kaunasA dinAnta hone para mujhe kaunase ghara pahuMca jAnA hogA? vahAM kauna se tAroM ke dIpaka jalate haiM? kina puSpoM kI sugaMdha ye vahAM vAyu zabda karatI huI bahatI hai? anAdikAla se vahAM kauna apane snigdha nayanoM se merI pratIkSA karatA hai? (gItAMjali kA paM. devanArAyaNa trivedI kA anuvAda, pRSTha 117) / ___ caritra nirmANa kI yAtrA meM bhI abhiyAna ke sahabhAgiyoM kA aisA nirdvanda saMkalpa honA caahie| svayaM ke calate rahane kA saMkalpa yadi aDiga rahegA to isa abhiyAna ke anavarata rUpa se calane kI saMbhAvanA bhI sAkAra rUpa le legii| vaiSNava paramparA ke saMta apane bhakta se kahate haiM ki 'ta bhagavAna se dhana Adi bhogya padArthoM kI kAmanA mata kara. yahA~ taka ki apanI Aya vaddhi kI bhI kAmanA mata kara kinta yaha kAmanA avazya kara ki tere jIvana kA sadapayoga ho. terA jIvana sArthaka bane tathA terA jIvana caritrazIla ho|' parantu jaina zAstroM meM to yahAM taka kahA gayA hai ki 'tU na jIvana kI kAmanA 546

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jIvana nirantara calate rahane kA nAma kara aura na hI maraNa kI kAmanA kara (jIviyaM NAbhikaMkhejjA, maraNaM nnaabhiptthe)| vAstavikatA yahI hai ki jIvana kevala jIne ke lie hI nahIM hai, jIvana to sadupayoga ke lie hai-nirantara calate rahane ke lie hai| ataH ucita yaha hai ki jIvana ko sArthaka banAne kI kAmanA kro| isa prApta zarIra tathA anya zaktiyoM kI sahAyatA se tuma saMsAra kA kitanA bhalA kara sakate ho-yaha dekho| bhArata ke darzanazAstrI kahate rahe haiM ki tuma kabhI apane sukha kI mAMga mata karo, dhana-vaibhava kI yAcanA mata karo, kintu vizva kA hita sAdhane kI kAmanA avazya kro| yadi saMyoga se Apako dhana, vaibhava, sampatti, sattA yA pada prApta ho jAtA hai to usakA vizva hita meM upayoga kareM-aisI bhI kAmanA kreN| bhagavAna se sacce bhakta ko kyA yAcanA karanI cAhie-isake lie eka saMskRta ukti kA nirdeza hai'he prabho! na mujhe rAjya cAhie aura na svarga yA amaratA hI caahie| cAhie to yahI ki maiM duHkhoM se santapta ho rahe prANiyoM ke duHkhoM ko dUra kara sakU (na svahaM kAmaye rAjyaM, na svarga naca punrbhvm| kAyame duHkhataptAnAM praanninaamaarttinaashnm|) manuSya ke caritraniSTha ho jAne ke bAda usake pAsa bhI kevala yahI kAmanA zeSa raha jAnI caahie| jaba eka mAtra yahI kAmanA zeSa raha jAtI hai taba hI samajhie ki vaisA jIvana sArthaka bana cukA hai aura vaha apane sAdhya ke prati sadaiva samarpita rhegaa| aisA anUThA samarpaNa bhAva jaba apane pAMvoM para calatA hai to usa calane kA kyA kahie? vaha jaba satata rUpa se calatA rahatA hai to koI saMdeha nahIM ki usameM cAroM ora murajhAe phUla khilate raheMge, bujhe hue dIpaka jalate raheMge aura AMsa bahAte hae cehare maskarAte-khilakhilAte rheNge| aisI niSThA caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ko saphala banAne kI dRSTi se jagAne kI jarUrata hai| eka kavi ke ina hArdika udgAroM ko apane tana-mana meM racA-basA lIjie jo na barpha kI AMdhiyoM se lar3e haiM kabhI paga na unake ziravara para par3e haiM agara jI sako to jio tuma jUjha kara amaratA tumhAre caraNa cUma legii| jalAo die para rahe dhyAna itanA aMdherA dharA para kahIM raha na jaae| mAnava jIvana pAne kI sArthakatA hai-carevetiH-carevetiH calate raho, calate raho : - vedoM meM yaha gAna guMjarita huA hai-carevetiH-carevetiH arthAt calate rho| isa gAna kA marma spaSTa hai ki nirantara calate rahoge to kabhI thakoge nahIM, thakoge nahIM to rukoge nahIM aura rukoge nahIM to jhukoge nhiiN| eka saphalatAkAmI yAtrI kA yahI lakSaNa hotA hai| eka pAzcAtya dArzanika robarTa phrosTa ne kahA hai-"jaMgala meM mujhe do mArga alaga-alaga phaMTate hue dikhAI die aura maiMne una do meM se vaha mArga cunA jisa para bahuta kama yAtriyoM ne yAtrA kI thI aura mere usa cunAva se mere calane para bhArI antara AyA (Tworoadsdiverged in the wood and I took the one less travelled, by and that decision made all the difference.) / kisI bhI yAtrI meM aisI sphUrti honI cAhie ki vaha svayaM apanI rAha banAve aura maMjila taka phuNce|" 547.

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sucaritram jo jIvana kA artha samajha jAte haiM tathA apane jIvana ko vizvahita para nyauchAvara kara dene kI kSamatA kA vikAsa kara lete haiM arthAt caritrazIlatA ke usa stara taka pahuMca jAte haiM, jahAM para duHkhatapta prANiyoM ke duHkha dUra karane kI ekamAtra kAmanA zeSa raha jAtI hai, vahAM kartavyaniSThA kA adbhuta jAgaraNa hotA hai| mahAbhArata (zAnti parva) kA prasaMga hai-sUryadeva kI upAsanA se dharmarAja yudhiSThira ko akSaya pAtra kI prApti huii| usa pAtra kI vizeSatA thI ki mAMgane para saba kucha mila jAtA thaa| use pAkara dharmarAja khUba dAna dene lage aura usa dAna ke sAtha unakA abhimAna bhI puSTa hone lgaa| solaha hajAra sATha brAhmaNoM ko pratidina dAna denA itanA phaladAyaka huA ki unakI jayakAra se unakA ahaM bhI AsamAna chUne lgaa| karmayogI kRSNa ne bar3hate hue isa abhimAna ko dekhA to dharmarAja ke usa garva ko unhoMne tor3ane kA nizcaya kara liyaa| ve dharmarAja ko sAtha lekara pAtAla loka meM rAjA bali ke pAsa phuNce| kRSNa ne bali ko dharmarAja kA paricaya karAyA aura kahA-'tuma donoM dAnI ho isa kAraNa paraspara eka dUsare ko jAnanA caahie|' bali ne namratA se kahA-'kyoM lajjita karate haiM, prabho! maiM kahAM kA dAnI ho gayA hU~? brAhmaNa ko tIna paga bhUmi to de na sakA aura isa bAta se maiM apane ko tuccha mAnane lagA huuN|' bali kI isa bAta se dharmarAja ko dhakkA lagA ki apanA sarvasva samarpita karane vAlA yaha bali svayaM ko dAnI bhI nahIM maantaa| taba kRSNa ne bali ko batAyA-'bali! inake pAsa eka akSaya pAtra hai, usake prabhAva se ye pratidina solaha hajAra sATha brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karavAte haiN|' bali cauMkA, usane gaMbhIra hokara pachA-'prabho! yadi Apa ise dAna kahate haiM to pApa kise kaheMge?' aba dharmarAja ko cauMkAne kI bArI thii| kRSNa ne hI bali se prazna kiyA-'kyA tuma dAna ko pApa mAnate ho?' vaha bolA'hA~ prabho ! maiM to ise pApa hI samajhatA huuN| isa taraha to dharmarAja solaha hajAra sATha brAhmaNoM ko akarmaNya nikammA banA rahe haiN| ve brAhmaNa dharmarAja kI jayakAra karake apane kartavya kI iti-zrI mAna leMge aura hamezA ke lie apane ucita karttavya se vimukha ho jaaeNge|' kRSNa ne bali se phira prazna kiyA'daityarAja! to tuma dAna ko ucita nahIM maante|' bali ne uttara diyA-'maiM dAna ko ucita mAnatA hU~, lekina usI dAna ko jo logoM meM kartavyaniSThA jgaave| vaha dAna hI sarvazreSTha hai|' Azaya yaha hai ki jo kucha bhI satkArya kiyA jAe usakA uddezya yahI ho jisase svayaM yA anya kA caritra nirmANa ho| usake asara se kisI bhI cAritrika guNa kA vikAsa honA caahie| mAnava jIvana kI sArthakatA isI meM hai ki adhika se adhika mAnavoM ke mana meM sArthakatA kI jijJAsA jagAI jAe aura unheM caritrazIla banane kI preraNA dI jaae| abhiyAna ke sahabhAgiyoM ko aise prayatnoM meM juTa jAnA cAhie aura koziza karate rahanA caahie| jo koziza meM laga jAte haiM, unakI hAra kabhI nahIM hotI hai| isa saMbaMdha meM eka kavi ne apane kAvya se kitanI saTIka preraNA dI hai lahoM se Dara kara, naukA pAra nahIM hotI koziza karane vAloM kI hAra nahIM hotii| nanhIM cIMTI jaba dAnA lekara calatI hai 548

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jIvana nirantara calate rahane kA nAma car3hatI dIvAroM para sau bAra phisalatI hai mana kA vizvAsa ragoM meM sAhasa bharatA hai . car3ha kara giranA, gira kara car3hanA na aravaratA hai| Arivara usakI himmata bekAra nahIM hotI koziza karane vAloM kI hAra nahIM hotii| DubakiyAM siMdhu meM gotAravora lagAtA hai jA jAkara ravAlI hAtha lauTa AtA hai milate na sahaja hI motI gahare pAnI meM bar3hatA dUnA utsAha isI hairAnI meN| muTThI usakI ravAlI hara bAra nahIM hotI koziza karane vAloM kI hAra nahIM hotii| asaphalatA eka cunautI hai-svIkAra karo kyA kamI raha gaI-dekho aura sudhAra karo jaba taka na saphala ho, nIMda caina kI tyAgo tuma saMgharSoM kA maidAna chor3a mata bhAgo tum| kucha kie binA hI jayajayakAra nahIM hotI koziza karane vAloM kI hAra nahIM hotii| zrImad bhagavat gItA ke nimna saMdeza para AntarikatA se vicAra kareM aura kartavyaniSThA kI buddhi ke sAtha apane kartavyoM kA sahI rUpa se nirdhAraNa kreN| kartavya nirdhArita hue to samajho ki dharma ko dhAraNa kara liyA aura dharma ko dhAraNa kiyA to caritra kA varaNa ho gyaa| caritra kA varaNa nirantara calate rahane kI zikSA degA aura mAnava jIvana ko sArthaka banA degaa| vaha sandeza hai-'he arjuna ! terA karma karane mAtra meM hI adhikAra ho, phala meM kabhI nahIM aura tU karmoM meM phaMla kI vAsanA vAlA bhI mata bana tathA terI karma na karane meM bhI prIti na ho| Asakti ko tyAga kara tathA siddhi aura asiddhi meM samAna buddhi vAlA hokara yoga meM sthita huA karmoM ko kara'-yaha samatva bhAva hI yoga nAma se kahA jAtA hai (adhyAya 2 zloka 45-48) / 549

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yuvAoM, uTho aura isa vijaya abhiyAna ko sabala netRtva do! UrjAvAna yuvAoM se netRtva kI ummIda yauvana ke dhanI yuvAnoM aura naI pIr3hI ke sadasyoM se " anta meM eka vizeSa carcA karanA cAhatA hU~ aura unheM batAnA cAhatA hU~ ki yadi yuvAoM kA sahayoga caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ko prApta ho to usakI saphalatA kI vizeSa saMbhAvanA mAnI jA sakatI hai| maiM to kahUM ki isa abhiyAna kA pUrA netRtva hI apane hAthoM meM la le leM to phira ve phaulAdI hAtha abhiyAna ko saMgaThita karane, usakA saba ora vistAra karane tathA usake supariNAma sAmane lAne meM ve koI kasara nahIM chodd'eNge| maiM yahAM se satsAhasa evaM zreSTha utsAha ko protsAhana dene ke nimitta se do zabdoM meM yuvAoM, unakI yauvana kI tejasvitA tathA AdarzoM kI sampUrti ke viSaya meM apane udgAra prakaTa kara rahA huuN| ___ maiM yuvAoM se kahanA cAhatA hU~ ki yuvaka evaM yuvatiyAM sAmAnya jana nahIM hote haiN| ve viziSTa hote haiM, kyoMki unakA yauvana viziSTa hotA hai aura ati ati viziSTa hotA hai| samAja ke svastha sarjana meM usa yauvana kA vega ubharate yauvana aura usake vega ke darzana prAcIna se arvAcIna taka pratyeka yuga meM hote Ae haiM aura jo sadA bhaviSya ko prerita karate rahe haiN| itihAsa ke pannoM ko TaToleM to yauvana 550

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yuvAoM, uTho aura isa vijaya abhiyAna ko sabala netRtva do -41

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yuvAoM, uTho aura isa vijaya abhiyAna ko sabala netRtva do! aura usake vega tathA usake satprayoga ke aise caritra nAyaka sAmane Ae haiM jinake jIvana caritra ko par3ha-jAna kara hama Azcarya aura Ananda se abhibhUta ho jAte haiN| vaha yauvana, jisane kesarI siMha ke donoM jabar3oM ko apane komala hAthoM se phAr3a kara beDara usake dAMta gine the aura usakA nAma eka jIvanta deza kA sanAtana nAma ho gyaa| ___ vaha yauvana, jo pitA kI eka AjJA para luTa gayA aura khuzI-khuzI rAja siMhAsana ko tyAga kara pUre caudaha varSa ke lie vana ko prasthAna kara gyaa| __ vaha yauvana, jisane yuvAvasthA ke raMgIna dinoM meM bhoga se yoga kI dIkSA lI, sAr3he bAraha varSa taka kaThina tapa kA ArAdhana kiyA, vItarAgatA prApta kI aura vizva ko ahiMsA kA amara sandeza diyaa| dharma pravartana meM naI krAMti kI tathA manuSya kI pratiSThA ko pahalI bAra devoM se bhI Upara pratiSThita kii| __vaha yauvana, jo saMsAra ke duHkhoM se rAjakumAra hote hue bhI svayaM duHkhI ho gayA aura duHkha nivAraNa kA saMkalpa lekara rAtri ke nibir3a aMdhakAra meM jJAna kA prakAza phailAne ke lie mahAbhiniSkramaNa kara gyaa| vaha yauvana, jo itanA kendrastha ki apanA lakSya sAdhane aura vedhane ke lie vaha na ghUmate cakra ko, na pUrI kapar3oM se banI machalI ko, balki sirpha usa machalI kI AMkha ko hI kar3Aha ke tela meM dekhatA thaa| ___vaha yauvana, jo prANapraNa se juTa gayA aura rAjA hokara bhI jaMgala-jaMgala bhaTakatA rahA, cAhe usake rAjakumAra ke muMha kI sUkhI roTI bhI vanya pazu chIna kara le gayA, kintu jisane na apane rAjya kI svataMtratA khoI aura na apane svAbhimAna kI tejsvitaa| vaha yauvana, jo svAdhInatA ke viruddha hara cAla se lar3atA rahA aura AtatAyiyoM ke dAMta khaTTe karatA rahA, apane gar3ha kI antima vijaya tk| ___ vaha yauvana, jo bhagavA pahina kara pahalI bAra bhAratIya saMskRti ke saMdeza ko guMjAne samandara pAra cala par3A aura use vizvabhara meM guMjA diyaa| __ vaha yauvana, jisane apane balidAna ke bala para ahiMsaka vidhA se pUre deza ke eka-eka jana ko .rASTrIya svataMtratA ke prati sajaga evaM AsthAvAna banAyA, phira bhI use eka hatyAre kI golI kA zikAra honA pdd'aa| ___ isa yauvana kI gAthAeM ananta haiM aura isakA vega apraajey| kyA Aja ve yuvA gaNa apAra gaurava kA anubhava nahIM karate apane aise yauvana para? kintu gaurava kevala yauvana kA nahIM, usake satprayoga kA hotA hai, jisakA vistAra vyakti se lekara sampUrNa vizva taka kiyA jA sakatA hai| kAraNa, umaMga bharA yauvana saba ko detA hI detA hai-sahayoga, tyAga, balidAna parantu apane lie kisI se kucha mAMgatA nahIM, letA nhiiN| . ___ Aja ke yuvaka aura yuvatiyoM, eka pala rukie aura socie ki kyA vartamAna meM Apake yauvana kA isa rUpa se astitva hai? kyA Apake samparka meM Ane vAle mahasUsa karate haiM ki Apake yauvana meM kucha aisA hitAvaha tattva hai jo asara DAlatA hai kisI gire hue ko Upara uThAne meM yA pichar3ate hue ko 551

Page #668
sucaritram apanA hAtha dene meM? ApakA astitva dUsaroM ke sukhada anubhava para nirbhara karatA hai-isa tathya ko kadApi na bhuulie| jaba ApakA astitva upajatA hai, taba banatA hai ApakA vyktitv| vyaktitvahIna vyakti binA sira kA dhar3a hotA hai| agara usakI pahacAna nahIM to vaha kaisA yauvana hai? vyaktitva Apako sAmAjika jIvana meM sthApita karatA hai, sabase jor3atA hai aura sabake diloM meM apanatva kA rasa gholatA hai| taba camakatA hai vyaktitva kA vrcsv| yaha varcasva kisI bAharI zAsaka jaisA nahIM, hRdaya para zAsana karane vAle jaisA hotA hai| jana-jana ke hRdaya siMhAsana para baiThA kara vaha varcasva sabake bIca apanA pyAra uMDelatA hai, sahayoga kA hAtha bar3hAtA hai aura hara balidAna kI cunautI ko svIkAra karatA hai| tabhI vaha caritra nirmAtA se caritra nAyaka bana sakatA hai| astitva, vyaktitva va varcasva kI sIr3hiyAM evaM caritra vikAsa ke sopAna : ___ isa prakAra astitva, vyaktitva evaM varcasva kI sIr3hiyAM car3ha kara yauvana aura gauravazAlI banatA hai aura sAtha hI caritra nirmANa ke uparAnta caritra vikAsa ke sopAnoM para eka-eka karake Upara car3hatA hai| kyoM bana pAtA hai yauvana gauravazAlI? isI kAraNa ki uccatama vikAsa kI ora gatizIla banatA huA yauvana sabase pahale apanI hI AntarikatA meM gaurava ko DhAlatA hai, phira usa gaurava ko bAhara bikheratA hai ki vaha gaurava eka-eka vyakti kI sAMsoM meM samA kara samUce vizva meM vyApta ho jaae| karma kI satata preraNA se vaha gaurava cirasthAyI banatA hai| yahI yauvana jaba caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ko saphala banAne ke vividha AyojanoM meM kAryarata banegA to samajhie ki yuvA loga vaise hI gaurava ko bhItarabAhara saba ora jagAeMge tathA caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA kA saba ora vistAra kreNge| svayaM ke caritra vikAsa tathA anyoM ke caritra nirmANa kI prakriyA sAtha-sAtha calegI aura yauvana ke suprabhAva ko spaSTataH siddha kara degii| kintu yuvA zakti ko gaurava ke ina sopAnoM para car3hate hue apane vikRta vartamAna ko dekhanA hogA, caritrahInatA se upajI viSamatAoM ko samajhanA hogA tathA caritrazIlatA kI mahattA ko vistRta rUpa se pracArita karanA hogaa| isake lie pahale svayaM ko apane hI bhItara jhAMkanA hogA tathA dRSTAbhAva se apane guNa doSoM ko parakha kara Atma-saMzodhana karanA hogaa| tabhI to AbhAsa hogA ki kaise-kaise vicAra kisa rUpa meM phaile hue haiM tathA vyakti evaM samUhoM ke caritra ko hAni pahuMcA rahe haiM? taba yuvAnoM meM cintana kI dhArA bahegI aura unakA saMkalpa banegA ki kaise prayatnoM se tathA kitanI zIghratA se ina sAre vikAroM se chuTakArA pAyA jA sakatA hai tathA caritraniSThA kA tvarita vikAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai? phira yuvA zakti svayaM tejI se badalegI-svataH nae ojasvI rUpa meM Dhalane lagegI aura taba samUce vAtAvaraNa ko zubhatA, zuddhatA evaM sAtvikatA meM badalate hue yauvana ke gaurava ko sthApita kregii| yuvA zakti badalegI aura zakti kA rUpa grahaNa karegI tabhI vaha sabako-sakala vizva ko badala pAegI aura banegI svastha samAja kI srjk| yoM to vyakti se lekara vizva taka sabhI kI paryAyeM pala-pala badalatI rahatI haiM dizAhIna-sI, kintu use dizAbodha karAne tathA usa dizA meM calAne kA kAma yuvA zakti hI kara sakatI hai| Aja taka kyA yaha yauvana apane kisI bhI uttaradAyitva se kabhI pIche haTA hai? phira Aja kA yauvana hI cAritrika parivartana lAne ke uttaradAyitva se pIche kyoM haTegA? kisI bhI 552

Page #669
yuvAoM, uTho aura isa vijaya abhiyAna ko sabala netRtva do! yuga ke yuvaka se Aja kA yuvaka kamajora nahIM hai| yadi kamajorI dikhAI detI hai to satya sthiti yaha hai ki Aja kI yuvA zakti ne avicAra kI dazA meM kamajorI or3ha rakhI hai| aba samaya A gayA hai ki yuvA zakti isa or3hI huI cAdara ko tAra-tAra kara de aura itanI dUra phaiMka de tAki usa para parizrama kA nayA kavaca car3ha jAe aura Age ke lie vaha caritra nirmANa ke mahatkArya ko saphalatA taka pahuMcAne hetu nirdvanda evaM nirbhaya bana jaae| ___ yuvakoM aura yuvatiyoM ko apanI AntarikatA evaM manauvaijJAnikatA kA adhyayana Arambha kara denA caahie| saca pUche to yahI svAdhyAya hai, apanA adhyayana vahI to saccA svAdhyAya hotA hai| isake antargata pahacAna kI jAe ki eka yuvaka kI naisargika zaktiyA~ (Instincts) kyA hotI hai tathA usake sambaddha saMvega (Emotions) kaise prakaTa hote haiM? manovijJAna kI dRSTi se naisargika zaktiyAM aura sambaddha saMvega kramazaH isa prakAra mAne gae haiM-1. palAyana (Scape) evaM bhaya (Fear), 2. yuyutsA (Combat) evaM krodha (Anger), 3. nivRtti (Repulsion) evaM viruci (disgust), 4. paitRka bhAvanA (Paretnal-feeling) evaM dayA (Tender-feeling), 5. samavedanA-sahAnubhUti (Apeal) eMva duHkha (Distress), 6. saMbhoga (Mating sex) evaM kAma (Lust), 7. jijJAsA (Curiosity) evaM Azcarya (Wonder), 8. adhInatA (Sub mission) evaM AtmahInatA (Negative slef being), 9. svAgraha (Asarsan) evaM AtmAbhimAna (Positive self being), 10. yUtha cAritA (Gregoreasnece) evaM ekAkI bhAva (Loneliness), 11. khAdyAnveSaNa (Food sicking) evaM tRpti (Gusto), 12. parigrahaNa (Acquisition) evaM svatva (Ownership), 13. racanAtmakatA (Constructiveness) evaM kRti (Creativeness) tathA 14. hAsa (Laughter) evaM Amoda (Amusement) / inakA adhyayana karane se mAnasikatA kI kAryapraNAlI bhalI prakAra samajhI jA sakegI tathA mana ko saralatApUrvaka Atma-niyaMtraNa meM lAyA jA skegaa| yuvAnoM ko sadupayoga kI dRSTi se apanA samaya cakra ina cAra niyamoM ke AdhAra para nizcita karanA cAhie-1. pahale apane lakSyAdhIna kAryoM kI sUcI taiyAra karo, 2. phira eka sunizcita kAryakrama kI rUparekhA banAo, 3. taba use pUrNa karane hetu upayukta samaya cakra kA nirdhAraNa karo tathA 4. tadanantara Avazyaka tattvoM para apane dhyAna ko ekAgra evaM kendrita banA lo| caritra nirmANa tathA caritrazIlatA kA pracAra saphalatApUrvaka karane ke lie yaha trisUtrI phArmUlA apanAyA jA sakatA hai-1. apane bhItara jhAMko aura apane Apako jAno-(a) moTe taura para apanI jaivikI (Biology) ko samajho, (ba) spaSTa rUpa se apanI mAnasikatA (Sicology) kA adhyayana karo aura (sa) pUrNa rUpa se apanI Atmika zakti (Spirituality) kI anubhUti lo, 2. taba apane vicAra, vacana evaM karma kA upacAra svayaM karo jisase vAMchita saba kucha svayameva hI upalabdha hotA jAegA evaM 3. jIvana meM sthita prajJatA kI avasthA ko panapAo aura usakA nirantara abhyAsa kro| yaha phArmUlA yuvakoM ko zArIrika, mAnasika evaM AdhyAtmika rUpa se sazakta bnaaegaa| vaijJAnika sAdhanoM ke kAraNa dehasukha kI lAlasAoM kA kuprabhAva ho athavA pAzcAtya saMskRti kA aparUpa mAthe para car3ha gayA ho, jo Aja kI yuvA pIr3hI kisI rUpa se rAste se bhaTaka gaI hai, use 553

Page #670
sucaritram aba hara hAlata meM sAvadhAna ho jAnA cAhie, kyoMki vinaSTa kiyA gayA amUlya yauvana phira se abhI bhI pAyA nahIM jA skegaa| yauvana hI hataprabha rahegA to usake prayoga kA to prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| kintu abhI bhI samaya hai ki hataprabha yauvana ko punaH prabhAvAna banA leM aura usake satprayoga kA saMkalpa le leN| yauvana kahatA hai-mujhe girA ke bhI agara tuma saMbhala sako to calo! : yuvA zakti ke tyAga aura balidAna kI ati kA digdarzana karAtI huI yaha gajala mananIya bhI hai to anukaraNIya bhI saphara meM dhUpa to hogI jo cala sako to calo sabhI haiM bhIr3a meM, tuma bhI nikala sako to calo yahAM kisI ko koI rAstA nahIM detA mujhe girAke bhI agara tuma saMbhala sako to calo kahIM nahIM koI sUraja, dhuAM dhuAM hai phijAM studa apane Apa se bAhara nikala sako to calo yahI hai jindagI-calanA va kAmayAba honA inhIM makasadoM se tuma bhI macala sako to calo sabhI hai bhIr3a meM, tuma bhI nikala sako to clo| yuvA zakti ko jhiMjhor3atA-preraNA detA huA prasiddha sAhityakAra sarvezvara dayAla saksenA kA yaha udbodhana bhI cintana yogya hai-"1. yadi tumhAre ghara ke eka kamare meM Aga lagI ho to kyA tuma pAsa vAle dUsare kamare meM so sakate ho? 2. yadi tumhAre ghara ke eka kamare meM lAza par3I ho to kyA tuma dUsare kamare meM gAnA gA sakate ho? 3. yadi tumhAre ghara ke eka kamare meM lAzeM sar3a rahI ho to kyA tuma dUsare kamare meM prArthanA kara sakate ho? 4. aura yadi hAM, to tumheM mujhe kucha bhI nahIM khnaa|" bhAratIya darzana kI bhI antima pariNati yahI hai ki yuvaka apane mUla svarUpa ko samajhe aura usakI saccI sAdhanA bhI yahI hai| tyAga aura balidAna vAle apane mUla svarUpa ko pahicAna liyA to samajho ki yauvana ke vega aura usake satprayoga ko bhI pahacAna lene meM koI kaThinAI nahIM rhegii| taba yauvana svayaM pUchegA ki kyA tumhArI sAdhanA sirpha jIne ke lie hai? taba yuvaka hI apane yauvana ko 554

Page #671
yuvAoM, uTho aura isa vijaya abhiyAna ko sabala netRtva do! bhItara hI bhItara lalakAregA aura uttara degA nahIM, sirpha jIne ke lie hI nhiiN| jIne kI sArthakatA jIne se bhI Upara hai aura vaha sArthakatA hai - yauvana ko caritra nirmANa kI racanAtmakatA meM pUrI taraha se niyojita kara denA / koI jI rahA hai aura vaha pUche ki kyA jInA pApa hai? jIne ko koI pApa nahIM khegaa| dharma bhI kahegA tU mata mara balki kisI ko mAra bhI mata / sabakI jijIviSA hotI hai kintu yuvaka kI AkAMkSA isa jijIviSA se Upara uThane kI hotI hai aura vaha hotI hai utsarga kI AkAMkSA / jInA sAmAnya bAta hai kintu jIvana ko kisI zubha sAdhya ke lie nyauchAvara kara denA utsarga hai aura aisA tyAga yauvana ke lie hI sahaja hotA hai| tadanusAra yuvaka-yuvatiyoM kI cAra bhAvanAeM unake jIvana meM samaviSTa ho jAnI cAhie, ye cAra bhAvanAeM haiM 1. ahiMsA kI bhAvanA : saMsAra ke samasta prANI jInA cAhate haiM, maranA koI nahIM caahtaa| jIne kI kAmanA pratyeka prANI ke bhItara vidyamAna hai| yoM jIvana kA aisA svarUpa hai tathA isa svarUpa kI rakSA dharma hai| ahiMsA kA svara jIvita rahane kI bhAvanA hI phUTA hai| pratyeka prANI ke prati hRdaya rahanA ahiMsA kA mUla / paraspara sahRdayatA, prema, karuNA, sahayoga- ye saba manuSya kI jIvita rahane kI bhAvanA ke hI pratIka haiM tathA usI bhAvanA ke vikAsa kA rUpa haiN| 2. sukha kI bhAvanA : sukha kI bhAvanA hai sukha pAne ke lie| isase hI prerita hokara pratyeka prANI prayatnazIla rahatA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki sukha AtmA kA svarUpa hai / bhagavAn ke svarUpa kA varNana karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki vaha Anandamaya hai aura saccidAnaMda svarUpa hai| uccatama AnaMda kI kalpanA isake sAtha jur3a gaI hai, kintu Ananda ke sahI svarUpa ko pahacAnane kI samasyA rahatI hai / ajJAnavaza jise sukha samajha liyA aura usake pIche bhAga daur3a ke bAda anubhava huA ki yaha to mRga marIcikA hai taba sArA prayAsa nirarthaka ho jAtA hai| sukha kA svara bhItara se uThanA cAhie- svayaM sukhI ho, anya sabako bhI sukhI banAne kI ceSTA kreN| yaha jIvana sukha ke lie hai- sukhI aura prasanna rahane ke lie hai, haMsane aura haMsAne ke lie hai, rone- cIkhane ke lie nahIM / parantu socane kI bAta hai ki jo svayaM ke jIvana ko hI bhAra ke rUpa meM Dho rahA hai, vaha vizva ko jIne kA kyA sambala degA? isalie svayaM jIeM aura dUsaroM ko jIne deM, svayaM sukhI rahe aura dUsaroM ko sukhI rahane deM tathA duHkhI hoM unheM sukhI bnaaveN| kisI kA jIvana yA sukha kabhI bhI lUTane kA duSprayAsa na kareM / 3. svataMtratA kI bhAvanA : sabakI AtmA svataMtratA cAhatI hai, kisI ko bhI bandhana pasaMda nhiiN| vizva meM bandhana aura mukti kA saMgharSa sirpha sAdhakoM ke kSetra meM hI nahIM hotA, balki jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM usakI gUMja sunAI detI hai| kahIM bhI koI gulAma nahIM rahanA caahtaa| hara koI AjAda rahanA pasaMda karatA hai| eka deza dUsare deza kI gulAmI aura adhikAra meM nahIM rahanA cAhatA, eka jAti dUsarI jAti ke dabAva meM rahanA pasaMda nahIM krtii| vAstavika sthiti yaha hai ki AtmA meM svataMtra rahane kI vRtti bar3I prabala hai / prema ke vaza koI bhI kisI kA ho sakatA hai, kintu gulAma bana kara kisI ke baMdhana meM rahane ko koI taiyAra nhiiN| kyoMki svataMtratA AtmA kA svabhAva hai, svarUpa hai aura usakA adhikAra hai| svataMtratA hamArA janmasiddha adhikAra hai- yaha nArA rAjanItika kSetra meM lokamAnya tilaka ne bhale hI lagAyA ho para yaha nArA bhAratIya saMskRti kA buniyAdI nArA hai| 4. jijJAsA kI bhAvanA : jJAna pAne kI icchA hI jijJAsA hai tathA jIvana, sukha aura svataMtratA kI 555

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sucaritram bhAvanAoM ke samAna hI yaha bhI AtmA kI naisargika bhAvanA hai| jIva kA svarUpa jJAnamaya hai (jIvo uvaoga lkkhnno)| balki jo jJAna hai vahI AtmA hai aura jo AtmA hai vahI jJAna hai (je AyA se vinnAyA, je vinnAyA se aayaa)| vaidika paramparA meM bhI yahI svara mukharita huA ki jJAna hai, vahI Izvara hai (prajJAnaM brhmH)| ___ ina cAroM bhAvanAoM ko AtmasAt karanA pratyeka yuvaka evaM yuvatI ke lie Avazyaka hai, tAki ve caritrahInatA ke dala-dala meM phaMse vyaktiyoM kI bhAvanAoM ko samajha sake, unheM bhAvanAzIla banA sake tathA unheM caritrazIlatA se vibhUSita kara ske| viveka aura zakti kA sammizraNa cAhie yauvana ke vega meM : yauvana bAvale ghor3e kI taraha hotA hai, jo capala aura caMcala hI nahIM, tIvra gati vAlA bhI hotA hai| usa para savArI sAdhanA sarala hai to duruha bhI hai| yauvana arabI ghor3e kI taraha zakti kA puMja hotA hai| ' zakti agara belagAma hai to usa para niyaMtraNa pAnA to kaThina hotA hai kintu usake sadupayoga kI saMbhAvanA bhI kama ho jAtI hai| jaise bAvale ghor3e para lagAma laga jAe to havA se bAteM karate hue usa ghor3e para car3hakara laMbI dUriyAM nApI jA sakatI hai, usI taraha yauvana kI apUrva zakti ke sAtha viveka kA sammizraNa ho jAe to vahI yauvana itanA racanAtmaka ho sakatA hai ki phira usakI gati havA se hI bAteM kregii| yauvana ke vega meM zakti ke sAtha viveka kA sammizraNa nitAnta Avazyaka hai| yaha mAnyatA sahI nahIM hai ki jo bhI guNa prApta huA hai yA vastu milI hai, usakA yathAvat rIti se kucha na kucha upayoga honA caahie| yaha galata dhAraNA hai| upayoga ke sAtha hara hAlata meM viveka kA honA jarUrI hai, kyoMki viveka meM hI kSIra-nIra buddhi hotI hai| jaba taka yaha jJAta na ho ki amuka guNa yA vastu meM zubhatA kA dUdha adhika hai yA azubhatA kA pAnI-taba taka upayoga kI sArthakatA kA Akalana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| zakti se kArya karane kA sAmarthya to mila jAegA, kintu usase usa sAmarthya ke upayoga kI samasyA hala nahIM hogii| sAmarthya ke sadupayoga kI samasyA kA samAdhAna to viveka hI nikAla skegaa| zakti to duryodhana aura duHzAsana meM bhI thI aura kaMsa tathA rAvaNa meM bhI thI, lekina usa zakti kA pariNAma kyA nikalA? kyA usase vyakti yA vizva kA kucha bhI bhalA huA? kisI bhI rUpa meM pahuMcA ho, unakI zakti ke prayoga se vizva kI hAni hI huii| vidyA ajJAna ke aMdhere se dUra karane ke lie hai, jJAna ke prakAza ke lie hai| usa vidyA kA upayoga yadi paMthoM, sampradAyoM aura majahaboM kI lar3AI meM kiyA jAe to vaha usa vidyA kA durupayoga hI hogaa| vidyA ke isa upayoga se vAtAvaraNa meM pavitratA nahIM upajegI, balki usameM adhika kaTutA, vidveSa aura uttejanA hI phailegii| isI prakAra dhana aura bala kA durupayoga bhI vidhvaMsakArI hotA hai| kisI ke pAsa dhana yA bala hai to usakA yaha matalaba nahIM hotA ki usase vaha dUsaroM ke lie vipadAeM khar3I kreN| viveka aura abhAva meM zakti sadupayoga muzkila se hI dikhAI degaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki zakti ke sAtha viveka hogA tabhI vaha zubha aura sukhada bana skegii| yadi kisI ke pAsa zakti bhI hai aura viveka bhI hai to vaha apanI prApta zakti ke sahayoga se kisI girate hue kA hAtha thAmegA aura use apanI chAtI se lagA kara jIvana ko sArthaka banAne kI preraNA phUMkegA, lekina yadi zakti ke sAtha viveka na huA to vaha 556

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yuvAoM, uTho aura isa vijaya abhiyAna ko sabala netRtva do! girate hue ko eka aura dhakkA lagAegA ki patita kabhI uTha hI nahIM paave| patita ko pAvana banAne kA dAyitva to vivekavAna bhI nahIM nibAha pAtA hai jaba vaha caritravAna bhI bana jaae| caritra aura viveka jaba eka rUpa ho jAte haiM taba to prApta zakti kA kahanA hI kyA? usakA sadupayoga hI nahIM hogA, balki usa zakti kA aisA apUrva vikAsa hogA ki vaha vyakti ko na kevala zubhatA kA saMyoga hI milAegI, balki use una saMyogoM ke saMrakSaNa kA sAmarthya bhI pradAna kregii| saMyoga kise kaheM? saMyoga zabda yoga se banA hai aura yoga kI eka vyAkhyA yaha bhI hai ki aprApta vastu kI prApti karAne vAlA (aprAptasya praaptiryogH)| jise pAne ke lie anekAneka prayatna kie hoM, aneka AkAMkSAeM mana meM ubharI hoM, usa vastu kA mila jAnA yoga hai athavA kabhI Akasmika rUpa se binA prayatna ke anacAhe hI kisI vastu kA mila jAnA bhI yoga hI hai| aisA yoga pratyeka prANI ko milatA rahatA hai| jo prANI jahAM para hai, usI gati-sthiti ke anusAra use anukUla yA pratikUla saMyoga milate rahate haiN| lekina kore saMyoga kA koI artha nahIM, jo artha hai vaha suyoga kA hai| isa suyoga ko saMrakSaNa kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, kyoMki suyoga ke rahate kaThina se kaThina kArya bhI utane kaThina nahIM rhte| suyoga se prApta guNa yA vastu ke yathocita upayoga kA avasara banA rahatA hai| saMyoga se suyoga zreSTha hai kintu isa suyoga se bhI adhika zreSTha hai usakA saMrakSaNa tathA usakA sarvajana hitakArI upyog| . sarvajana hitakAritA kI preraNA unnata caritra se milatI hai kyoMki viveka ko dizA nirdeza detI hai critrshiiltaa| isa kAraNa caritrazIlatA kI zakti sarvazreSTha hotI hai| caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ke isase jur3e vizeSa mahattva ko samajhA jAnA cAhie jisake mAdhyama se viveka evaM zakti ke sammizraNa ko sarvajana hita kI dizA meM kAryakSama banane kA protsAhana milatA hai| abhiyAna ke sahabhAgiyoM ko yaha satya hRdaya meM utAra lenA cAhie ki hameM sirpha jo kucha zakti ke rUpa meM prApta huA hai, usa para itarAnA nahIM cAhie-yaha pahalI baat| dUsarI bAta yaha ki usa prApti ke sAtha viveka aura caritra kA kavaca jor3anA cAhie jisase prApta zakti kA sadupayoga ho sake tathA sadupayoga hotA rhe| tIsarI bAta yaha ki saMyoga ke sAtha sadupayoga ke hote rahane se jo suyoga mile, usakI rakSA kI jAe tathA sadupayoga ke avasara ko jIvanta banAe rakhA jaae| caritra nirmANa evaM vikAsa kA yahI lakSya bane to na yauvana rAha se bhaTakegA aura na hI usakA vega kisI kA ahita kara skegaa| eka Adarza yuvaka yA yuvatI meM kina cAritrika guNoM kI apekSA hotI hai? . cAritrika sadguNoM ke dhAraka yuvaka evaM yuvatiyAM hI apanI vivekazIlatA tathA kAryakSamatA se AdarzoM kI dizA meM prayANa karate haiM tathA usa carama Adarza ko AtmasAt bhI karate haiN| yuvAnoM ke lie vaha Adarza kaisA ho sakatA hai, usakI eka kalpanA svAmI vivekAnanda ke isa gIta se mukharita ho rahI hai vaha jo tuma meM hai aura tuma se pare bhI jo sabake hAthoM meM baiTha kara kAma karatA hai, 557

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sucaritram jo sabake pairoM meM samAyA huA calatA hai jo tuma sabake ghaTa meM vyApta hai usakI ArAdhanA karo aura anya sabhI pratimAoM ko tor3a do| jo eka sAtha UMce para nIce bhI haiM pApI aura mahAtmA Izvara aura nikRSTa kITa eka sAtha hI hai usI kA pUjana karo jo dRzyamAna hai, jJeya hai, satya hai, sarvavyApI hai aura anya sabhI pratimAoM ko tor3a do| o vimUr3ha, jAgRta devatA kI upekSA mata karo usake ananta pratibimboM se hI yaha vizva pUrNa hai kAlpanika chAyAoM ke pIche mata bhAgo jo tumheM vigraha meM DAlatI hai usa parama prabhu kI upAsanA karo jise sAmane dekha rahe ho aura anya sabhI pratimAoM ko tor3a do socie ki Apa sAmane kyA dekha rahe haiM? jo sAmane dekha rahe haiM usI kI upAsanA karo, usI kA hita sAdhana karo aura usI kI sevA meM apane samagra jIvana kA samarpaNa kara do| yahI ho sakatI hai utkRSTa caritrazIlatA evaM vegavAna yauvana kI sarvazreSTha upyogitaa| isa uddezya pUrti ke lie saca pUche to apekSita hai nae mAnava kA jnm| isake lie jarUrata hotI hai saMskAroM tathA zikSA kI, kyoMki inakI upalabdhi se hI samasyAeM suljhegii| kintu saMskAra aura zikSA bhI hamAre yahAM samasyAeM haiN| saMskAroM kI samasyA sulajhegI caritra nirmANa se tathA zikSA meM bhI jJeya, heya evaM upAdeya kA jJAna jor3A jAegA to vaha bhI nirmANakArI bana jaaegii| Adarza yuvaka yA yuvatI kise mAneM? usake lie yaha paMcazIla kI kasauTI hai 558

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yuvAoM, uTho aura isa vijaya abhiyAna ko sabala netRtva do! 1. AtmavizvAsazIla : apanI Antarika dRr3hatA para jisakA aTala vizvAsa hotA hai, vaha kabhI kisI aMdhavizvAsa kI ora nahIM mur3atA hai tathA galata bahakAvoM meM bhI nahIM AtA hai / dRSTA bhAva isa AtmavizvAsa ko puSTa karatA huA bar3hatA rahatA hai| 2. sahanazIla : jo zaktidhArI hotA hai aura usa zakti ke sAtha viveka va caritra jur3A huA hotA hai, vaha kabhI bhI AkrAmaka, asahiSNu athavA ahaMkArI nahIM hotA hai| viveka use sahanazIla bananA sikhAtA hai| sahanazIlatA vyakti ko doSamukta banAtI hai| 3. vicAra - vivekazIla : AcaraNa ke sAtha viveka tabhI sthiratA se saMyukta raha sakegA jaba vaicArikatA para bhI viveka kA pUrA prabhAva ho / vivekazIlatA Atma-niyaMtraNa kA zreSTha guNa hotA hai / 4. karma - puruSArthazIla : AcAra aura vicAra se puSTa banane vAlI caritrazIlatA kabhI bhI niSkriya nahIM raha sakatI hai / vaha karma karegI, apane puruSArtha kA prayoga karegI tAki vyakti se lekara vizva taka kA vAtAvaraNa hitAvaha bana sake / 5. caritrazIla : caritra nirmANa kI sakriyatA kA supariNAma caritrazIlatA meM vikasita hotA hai| eka caritrazIla vyakti sadaiva loka kalyANa meM nirata rahatA hai tathA vizva meM caritra nirmANa ko sadaiva evaM sarvatra protsAhita karatA rahatA 1 yaha paMcazIla apane jIvana me apanA kara jo yuvaka evaM yuvatI kisI saduddezya ke lie kAma karate haiM, unake svabhAva meM nimna upalabdhiyAM svataH hI prakaTa hotI rahegI tathA usake caritra ko nikhAratI rahegI yaha yuvaka yA yuvatI baneMge - 1. tanAva mukta hokara jIne vAle, 2. prati srota meM calanA jAnane vAle, 3. vartamAna meM jIne vAle, 4. paristhitiyoM se lohA lene vAle, 5. puruSArtha kA prayoga karane vAle, 6. AtmavizvAsa ko bar3hAne vAle tathA, 7. saMyata evaM anuzAsita hokara rahane vaale| nae mAnava kI saMracanA meM ye kAraka mahattvapUrNa haiM- 1. kartA ke sAtha jJAtA bananA, 2. dRSTAbhAva jAgRta karanA- tathA, 3. saMkalpazakti ko bddh'aanaa| nae mAnava ke tIna AyAma ho sakate haiM - 1. sahajatA, 2. sAmAnyatA tathA 3. sarvaprakAra kI samatA / caritra nirmANa ke mahatkArya meM Izvaratva kA darzana kare yauvana : yuvAnoM ke lie caritra nirmANa se bar3ha kara anya koI racanAtmaka kArya nahIM ho sakatA hai| sacamuca meM caritra nirmANa eka mahatkArya hai / jaba guNavAn, vivekavAn evaM caritravAn yuvA varga isa mahatkArya meM svayaM ko pravRtta banAegA to use isameM usa Izvaratva ke darzana karane cAhie, jo pada dalita, zoSita evaM utpIr3ita mAnava ko du:kha mukta evaM unnatizIla banAne ke lie sadA adbhuta preraNA detA AyA hai| jo isa rUpa meM karmayogI banatA hai use Izvaratva kA sAkSAtkAra avazya hotA hai| kyA hotA hai karmayoga? isakI sIdhI sAdI paribhASA yaha hai ki jo bhI satkArya Apa apane hAtha meM lete haiM, use saccAI aura ImAnadArI ke sAtha pUrA kareM tathA usake badale meM kabhI bhI kucha na caaheN| usa kArya pUrti ko AtmasantoSa kA viSaya samajhanA caahie| jo kevala apanI AtmavRttiyoM ko tRpta karane ke lie 559

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sucaritram sacaritram koI kArya karatA hai, vahI karmayogI bana sakatA hai| apane kartavya pAlana meM ekAgra hokara nirata honA tathA pUrNa rUpa se apane 'sva' ko usameM tirohita kara denA karmayoga kA lakSaNa hai| isake sAtha saccAI yaha hai ki karmayogI ko apane satkArya meM Izvaratva ke darzana hote haiM, kyoMki pratyeka duHkhatapta prANI meM Izvara kA nivAsa hotA hai| karma yoga kI dizA meM agragAmI hone kI AkAMkSA rakhane vAle yuvAnoM ke lie kucha nirdeza1. apanA kartavya pAlana sadA usI utsAha aura utsukatA se karo jaisA apanA nija kA hita sAdhana meM karate ho| ghara aura bAhara sarvatra karttavyaniSThA eka-sI rhe| 2. kisI bhI prazna athavA samasyA kA jaldabAjI me nipaTArA mata kro| hara bAra gaharAI se soco| 3. hitakArI kArya isa niSThA se karo ki anya vyakti sadA tumheM cAhe aura tumhArI sarAhanA kreN| tuma unake lie Adarza bno| 4. tumhArA satkArya sadA niHsvArtha ho tathA apane lie tuma kisI se kucha bhI na caaho| 5. apane kAryoM meM kaThina parizrama tathA samarpaNa kA aisA prabhAvakArI paricaya mile ki Apa apanA mastaka gaurava se Upara uThA sko| 6. tumhArA manamAnasa sadA svataMtra rahe aura tuma ThukarAe hue, nirAzA se bhare tathA utsAhahIna bane logoM kI sevA ke lie sadaiva tatpara rho| 7. sadA karttavya ko pahale rakho tAki caritrazIlatA ke zreSTha guNoM-dhairya, sahiSNutA, sakArAtmakatA Adi se apane jIvana ko vibhUSita banA sko| aSTAvakra saMhitA (1-10-1) meM kahA hai-'jo kartavya Apane nibhAe aura jo nahIM nibhAe-una donoM para cintana karo ki kartavya pAlana kyoM baMda kiyA gayA aura kina kAraNoM se| unako jAna kara kAmanAmukta bana jAo aura rAgadveSa ke bhedabhAva se Upara uTha kara sarvasva tyAga ke lie saMkalpabaddha ho jaao|' yuvAnoM ko karmaniSTha banane meM yaha vicAra parama preraka siddha hogA ki vartamAna meM yatra-tatra sarvatra jo duHkha kaSTa aura santApa dikhAI de rahA hai, vaha adhikAMzataH mAnava kRta hai tathA isako suvyavasthita rUpa se samatA maya banAne hetu samaSTi ke mahattva ko adhika mahattvapUrNa mAnanA caahie| isa saMbaMdha meM zreSTha cintaka upAdhyAya amara muni ke vicAra yuvAnoM kA sahI mArgadarzana karane vAle haiM-'manuSya kA jIvana eka kSudra kuAM yA talaiyA nahIM hai, vaha eka mahAsAgara kI taraha vizAla aura vyApaka hai| manuSya apane samAja meM akelA nahIM hai, parivAra usake sAtha hai samAja se usakA saMbaMdha hai, deza kA vaha nAgarika hai aura isa pUrI mAnava-sRSTi kA vaha eka sadasya hai| usakI halacala kA, kriyA-pratikriyA kA asara sirpha usake jIvana meM hI nahIM, pUrI mAnava jAti aura samUce prANI jagata para hotA hai| isalie usakA jIvana vyaSTigata nahIM, balki samaSTigata hai|......jitne bhI zAstra haiM-cAhe ve mahAvIra svAmI ke kahe hue Agama haiM yA buddha ke kahe hue piTaka haiM yA veda, upaniSad, kurAna yA bAIbila haiAkhira ve kisake lie haiM? kyA pazu-pakSiyoM ko upadeza sunAne ke lie haiM? kyA kIr3e-makor3oM ko sadbodha dene ke lie haiM? naraka ke jIvoM ke lie bhI to ve nahIM haiM, ve becAre rAta-dina yAtanAoM se tar3apa rahe haiM, hAhAkAra kara rahe haiM aura svarga ke devoM ke lie bhI to unakA kyA upayoga hai? kahAM hai una devatAoM ko phursata aura phursata bhI hai to upadeza suna kara grahaNa karane kI yogyatA kahAM hai unameM? 560

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yuvAoM, uTho aura isa vijaya abhiyAna ko sabala netRtva do| rAta-dina bhoga vilAsa aura aizvarya meM DUbe rahane ke kAraNa devatA bhI apane Apako indriyoM ko dAsatA se mukta nahIM kara skte| to phira ye saba ke lie bane haiN| manuSya ke lie hI to| mAnava kI AtmA ko prabaddha karane ke lie hI to saba zAstroM ne vaha jyoti jalAI hai. vaha udaghoSa kiyA hai. jise dekha aura suna kara usakA supta Izvaratva jAga ske| ...saMsAra meM jitane bhI kaSTa haiM, saMkaTa aura ApattiyA~ haiM, ulajhaneM aura saMgharSa haiM, unakI gaharAI meM jAkara yadi hama ThIka-ThIka vizleSaNa kareM to yahI patA calegA ki jIvana meM jo bhI duHkha haiM, ve pUrNataH mAnavIya haiM-manuSya ke dvArA manuSya para lAde gae haiN| hamAre jo pArasparika saMgharSa haiM, unake mUla meM hamArA vaiyaktika svArtha nihita hotA hai| jaba svArtha TakarAtA hai to saMgharSa kI cinagAriyAM uchalane lagatI haiN| jaba pralobhana yA ahaMkAra para coTa par3atI hai to vaha phukAra uThatA hai aura paraspara vaimanasya va vidveSa bhar3aka jAtA hai| isa prakAra eka vyakti se dUsarA vyakti, eka samAja se dUsarA samAja, eka sampradAya se dUsarA sampradAya aura eka rASTra se dUsarA rASTra apane svArtha aura ahaMkAra ke lie paraspara lar3a par3ate haiM, eka dUsare ke mArga meM kAMTe bikherate haiM, eka dUsare kI pragati kA rAstA rokane kA prayatna karate haiM aura pariNAmasvarUpa saMgharSa, ApattiyAM aura vigraha khar3e ho jAte haiN| vyakti, samAja aura rASTra tabAha ho jAte haiN| Apa dekhate haiM ki saMsAra meM jo mahAyuddha hue haiM, narasaMhAra hue haiM aura abhI jo cala rahe haiM, ve prAkRtika haiM yA mAnavIya? spaSTa hai, prakRti ne una yuddhoM kI Aga nahIM sulagAI hai, apitu manuSya ne hI vaha Aga lagAI hai| manuSya kI lagAI huI Aga meM Aja manuSya jAti naSTa ho rahI hai, parezAna aura saMkaTagrasta bana rahI hai|' (cintana kI manobhUmi, pRSTha 516-517) jahAM taka vaicArikatA kA prazna hai, una para muni jI kA yaha udbodhana spaSTatA ke lie paryApta hai| yuvAnoM ko isa vaicArikatA ko lekara karmayoga kI upAsanA karanI cAhie tathA caritra nirmANa ko vizva ke vizAla prAMgaNa meM pUrNatayA vistRta banA denA caahie| yuvAnoM, isa vijaya abhiyAna ko apanA netRtva deM-saphala banAveM : zakti puMja, viveka sampanna evaM caritraniSTha yuvA varga ko adhika kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI, ve to saMketa se hI saba samajha lete haiM evaM apane kartavya ko dhAraNa karake dAyitva saMbhAla lete haiN| merI AkAMkSA hai ki caritra nirmANa ke isa vijaya abhiyAna ko yuvA varga apanA sazakta netRtva pradAna kareM tathA vibhinna caraNAnusAra ise saphala bnaaveN| anta meM yuvAnoM ke lie marmajJa sAhityakAra vedavyAsa kA eka gIta uddhRta hai "zabdoM kI aMguli pakar3a kara, artha kI pagaDaMDiyoM para cetanA ke paMrava le-tuma samaya ko lAMgha jaao| dhUpa kA AMcala uThAe, kathya kI kiraNeM bichAe anubhavoM kI gUMja lekara, tuma sRjana ko lAMgha jaao| raMga kA Avega bhara kara, kalpanA ke guru ziravara para loka kA vizvAsa lekara, tuma kSitija ko lAMgha jaao|" 561

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caritra ke zikhara para pahuMcane kA rahasya dhyAnalInatA, AtmalInatA aura caraNalInatA __ para TikA hai caritra vikAsa kA sarvocca caritralInatA ke zikhara para pahuMcane vAle dhyAna kI pRSThabhUmiH islAma dharma kI eka kathA hai| abu ishAka ibrAhIma khavAsa eka dhyAnI aura tapasvI saMta ho gae haiN| ve eka bAra apane ziSya ke sAtha eka per3a ke nIce namAja par3ha rahe the ki sahasA eka siMha unake pAsa A gyaa| ziSya to par3a para car3ha gayA, lekina saMta para usakA koI asara nahIM huaa| ve zAMta mudrA meM prabhu kA dhyAna karate rhe| siMha kAphI dera taka unakI AMkhoM meM apanI AMkheM DAlakara unheM ghUratA rahA, lekina AkhirakAra vaha cupacApa calA gyaa| ziSya per3a se nIce utara gyaa| taba donoM bastI meM lauTa ge| dUsare dina guru ziSya phira usI jaMgala meM namAja par3ha kara lauTa rahe the, tabhI mArga meM eka macchara saMta ke kAna ke pAsa gunagunAtA huA maMDarAne lagA, jisase ve ghabarA ge| unakI vaha ghabarAhaTa dekha kara ziSya pUchA baiThA- yaha kyA ustAda? kala to siMha Apase Darakara bhAga gayA aura Aja Apa macchara se hI ghabarA gae? saMta khavAsa ne muskurAte hue

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caritra ke zikhara para pahuMcane kA rahasya 42

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caritra ke zikhara para pahuMcane kA rahasya javAba diyA-beTA, kala to maiM paramAtmA ke pAsa thA aura Aja maiM tumhAre pAsa huuN| saMta kA yaha javAba marmabharA hai| dhyAna vyakti ko antarmukhI banA detA hai aura aMtara meM kyA hotA hai? paramAtmA rUpI AtmA hI to hotI hai| jo 'sva' se anyatra dRSTi nahIM rakhatA, vaha 'sva' se anyatra ramatA nahIM hai aura jo 'sva' se anyatra ramA nahIM hai vaha 'sva' se anyatra dRSTi bhI nahIM rakhatA-'je aNNaNadaMsI se aNNaNArAme, je aNNaNArAme se annnndNsii'| caritraniSTha puruSa ko dhyAna kI sAdhanA caritrazIlatA ke zikhara para pahu~cA detI hai| ___dhyAna kyA hai? dhyAna hai AMtarika jAgRti karane aura antarmukhI hone kA maadhym| bhItara meM jAgRti hotI hai jaba bhItara meM praveza kiyA jAtA hai| bhItara meM praveza karanA, bhItara kI anubhUti lenA aura bhItara meM anAsakta hokara jInA-ye saba antarmukhatA ke lakSaNa haiN| antarmukhI banane ke lie jo sAdhanA Avazyaka hai, vaha dhyAna kI sAdhanA hai| khalIla jibrAna ne kahA hai-'jaba merA hRdaya premarasa se bhIgA nahIM thA, taba taka maiM prema kI gaharI vyAkhyAe~ karatA rahA, kintu jaba mujha meM prema kI anubhUti huI to merI prema kI sArI vyAkhyAe~ usa anubhUti ke sAmane arthahIna ho gii|' vAstava meM dhyAna sAdhanA kI aisI hI anubhUti hotI hai, jo kisI bhI vyAkhyA, varNana yA vivecana se pare hotI hai| usa anupama anubhUti kA vahI anubhava kara sakatA hai jo svayaM dhyAna kI usa anubhUti ko pA jAtA hai| moTe taura para kaha sakate haiM ki dhyAna dhyAnI ko apane hI bhItara meM pratiSThita karatA hai ekAgratA ke saath| taba dhyAnI kA bahirmukhI citta antarmukhI ho jAtA hai| vaha citta viveka sampanna ho jAtA hai, apramatta bana jAtA hai tathA anAsakta hokara prajJA ke jAgaraNa kA hetu ho jAtA hai| dhyAnI kI mohaM vimUDhatA TUTa jAtI hai aura AntarikatA jagamagAne lagatI hai| vaha avasthA Atma-zuddhi kI hotI hai| dhyAna pramukha rUpa se Atma-zaddhi kA kAraka hai aura isI kAraNa caritralInatA kA mAdhyama hai| jo Atma jAgRta bana jAtA hai, vahI caritralIna kahalAtA hai| ___dhyAna kI pRSThabhUmi kyA hotI hai? dhyAna kA marma hai bhItara meM praveza karanA aura satya kA darzana krnaa| bhItara praviSTa hue binA satya sahaja nahIM banatA, kintu prazna hai ki bhItara meM praveza karane kI pRSThabhUmi kaisI honI caahie| ye jo sAre vrata-pratyAkhyAna haiM-ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya, aparigraha, nirvyasanatA, yama, niyama Adi inhIM kI sudRr3ha pRSThabhUmi para dhyAna kI sAdhanA saphalatA pAtI hai| vRttiyoM tathA pravRttiyoM kI zubhatA cAhie, bhojana viveka cAhie, yatanA kA abhyAsa cAhie yAne ki Atma zuddhi kA dharAtala dhyAna ke yogya bana jAnA caahie| dhyAna kI niSpatti kyA? dhyAna kI niSpatti hai saralatA, sahajatA aura samatA, jo samUce dainika jIvana ko vinamratA, sahayogitA, karuNa, maitrI, sahAnubhUti Adi anekAneka sadguNoM kA upahAra de detI hai| samatA yA samabhAva vaha senApati hai jisakI AjJA meM sadguNoM kI sArI senA calatI hai| dhyAna dhyAnI kI svakendritatA ko vistAra detA hai-vaha kevala apane hI bAre meM nahIM socatA, balki dUsaroM ke hitapoSaNa meM bhI dhyAna lagAtA hai| usake hita ciMtana kA AkAra sampUrNa vizva taka phaila sakatA hai| dhyAna kI niSpatti se yaha samajha meM AegA ki Aja AcaraNa aura AsthA ke bIca jo gaharI khAI hai, 563

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sucaritram usakA bharAva dhyAna sAdhanA se hI saMbhava hai| dhyAna ke sahayogI aneka tattva haiM-inameM svAdhyAya kA krama sabase Upara hai| anya haiM-bhAva pravaNattA, nirvikalpa avasthA, zuddhikaraNa kI abhilASA, tyAga dRr3hatA, samarpaNa niSThA, vicAra zuddhi, saMkalpa zreSThatA aadi| dhyAna kaThina hai, kintu sAdhya hai| dhyAna kevala sva prayatna para nirbhara rahatA hai| yadi zuddhatA aura zubhatA AMtarikatA meM racI-basI hai to dhyAna jIvana jIne kI zreSTha kalA bana jAtA hai, caritra kI ujjvalatA kA pratIka ho jAtA hai aura Ananda ke amRta kA rasapAna karAtA hai| Agama sAhitya meM dhyAna kA vivecana mArmika evaM gUr3ha hai : ___ Agama sAhitya ke anusAra dhyAna ko tapa kA hI eka prakAra batAyA gayA hai| tapa do prakAra kA kahA hai-bAhya evaM AbhayaMtara tathA isa pratyeka prakAra ke cha:-chaH bheda haiN| bAhya tapa ke bheda haiM-anazana, UNodarI, bhikSAcaryA (vRtti saMkSepa), rasa parityAga, kAyakleza tathA prtisNliintaa| AbhyaMtara tapa ke bhI chaH bheda haiM-prAyazcita, vinaya, vaiyAvRtya (sevA), svAdhyAya, dhyAna evaM vyutsrg| isa prakAra tapa ke bAraha bhedoM meM dhyAna gyArahaveM krama para haiN| yaha krama vaijJAnika, manovaijJAnika evaM AdhyAtmika hai| bAhya tapoM kI paripuSTatA ke pazcAt AbhyaMtara tapa kA krama guNasaMcaya ke rUpa meM calatA hai| akaraNIya ke karane para prAyazcita hotA hai jisase upajatA hai vinaya gunn| vinIta hI sevA ke prati samarpita hotA hai aura saccI sevA vRtti svAdhyAya (svayaM kA adhyayana) kI abhirUci jAgRta karatI hai| svAdhyAya se samatA kA dharAtala banatA hai aura dhyAna sAdhanA kA zubhAraMbha saMbhava hotA hai| dhyAna kA zikhara hai vyutsarga, jo carama avasthA prApti kA saMketa hai| Atma-sAdhanA ke antargata dhyAna sAdhanA kA viziSTha mahattva hai, kyoMki dhyAna sAdhanA hI caritra sAdhanA hai| ____ Agama sAhitya meM dhyAna-sAdhanA kA vivecana bahuta vistAra se huA hai| AcArAMga satra se lekara anyAnya kaI sUtroM meM dhyAna kA gUr3ha evaM mArmika vivecana milatA hai| dhyAna kI saMkSipta vyAkhyA hai ki kisI eka viSaya meM antaHkaraNa kI vicAradhArA ko sthApita karanA dhyAna kA lakSaNa hai| yaha kaThina kArya hai, ataH kahA gayA hai ki dhyAna uttama saMhanana vAle puruSa ke hI sAmarthya kSetra kA viSaya hai| yaha saba jAnate haiM ki mana kI vicAradhArA cacaMla hotI hai aura kSaNa-kSaNa meM badalatI rahatI hai| usameM asthiratA hotI hai| aisI kSaNa-kSaNa meM parivartanazIla vicAradhArA ko prayatnapUrvaka anya viSayoM se haTAkara eka hI viSaya meM sthira rakhane ko dhyAna kahA gayA hai| dhyAna kA yaha svarUpa chadmastha avasthA meM hI saMbhava hai| ciMtana dhArA ko eka sthAna para sthira karane ke lie vAMchita zArIrika evaM mAnasika bala kI apekSA rahatI hai| dhyAna ke cAra bheda kie gae haiM-ArtadhyAna, raudradhyAna, dharmadhyAna evaM shukldhyaan| 1.ArtadhyAna - duHkha se nimitta yA duHkha meM hone vAlA dhyAna ArtadhyAna hai| isake mukhya cAra kAraNa haiM-a. aniSTa vastu kA saMyoga, ba. iSTa vastu kA viyoga, sa. pratikUla vedanA aura da. bhoga kI laalsaa| inhIM ke AdhAra para ArtadhyAna ke cAra prakAra kie gae haiM-a. aniSTa saMyoga (amanojJa vastu kA milanA), ba. iSTa viyoga (manojJa vastu kA chUTa jAnA), sa. roga ciMtA (pIr3A nivAraNa kI 564

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caritra ke zikhara para pahuMcane kA rahasya vyAkulatA) tathA da. nidAna (aprApta bhoga vastu pAne kA tIvra sNklp)| ArtadhyAna ke lakSaNa bhI cAra haiM-a. Akrandana (jora-jora se ronA), ba. zocana (dInatA, zoka), sa. parivedana-(vilApa) tathA da. tepanatA (ashrupaat)| yaha dhyAna rAga, dveSa evaM mohayukta hotA hai tathA sAmAnya rUpa se tiryaMca gati meM jIva ko le jAtA hai| ___2.raudadhyAna - hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, bhoga saMrakSaNa Adi ke lie krUra aura kaThora vRtti kA vyakti jina bhAvoM meM satat citta-pravRtti karatA hai, vaha raudradhyAna hai| raudradhyAna ke cAra prakAra haiM-a. hiMsAnubaMdhI (hiMsAkArI vyApAroM kA ciMtana), ba. mRSAnubaMdhI (satya kA apalApa karane kA satata vicAra), sa. cauryAnubaMdhI (tIvra lobha kA satata ciMtana) tathA da. saMrakSaNAnubaMdhI (kaSAyamayI vRtti)| raudradhyAna ke bhI cAra lakSaNa haiM-a. osanna doSa (bahulatA se hiMsAdi eka meM pravRtti), ba. bahula doSa (saba hiMsAdi doSoM meM pravRtti), sa. nAnA yA ajJAna doSa (hiMsAdi va ajJAna doSoM meM aneka bAra pravRtti) tathA da. AmaraNAnta doSa (maraNa kAla taka pazcAtApa rahita hiMsAdi meM prvRtti)| __ina donoM dhyAnoM ke lakSaNa sthAnAMga evaM bhagavatI sUtra meM batAe gae haiN| ina dhyAnoM kA ullekha Avazyaka sUtra meM bhI hai| raudradhyAnI sAmAnyataH naraka gati meM jAtA hai| 3. dharmadhyAna - tatvoM tathA zruta-cAritra rUpa dharma ke saMbaMdha meM satata ciMtana dharmadhyAna kahalAtA hai| dharma dhyAna ke aMga haiM-tattva saMbaMdhI vicAraNA, heyopadeya saMbaMdhI vicAradhArA tathA deva, guru, dharma kI stuti| dharmadhyAna ke cAra prakAra haiM-a. AjJA vicaya-vItarAga devoM kI AjJA-anujJA meM manoyoga lgaanaa| ba. apAya vicaya-rAga, dveSa, kaSAya Adi ke duSpariNAmoM kA ciNtn| sa. vipAka vicayakarma baMdha ke kAraNa va phala para vicAra karanA va manoyoga lgaanaa| da. saMsthAna vicaya-loka ke AkAra kA ciMtana karanA tathA SaDdravya, paryAya Adi loka viSayoM para vicAra krnaa| dharma dhyAna ke cAra lakSaNa haiM-a. AjJA ruci (sUtrokta vidhi niSedha), ba. nisarga ruci (tattvoM para svAbhAvika zraddhA), sa. sUtra ruci (Agama pratipAdita tattva) evaM da. avagAr3ha ruci (dvAdazAMgI kA vistRta jnyaan)| yoM dharmadhyAna kA mukhya lakSaNa hai tatvArtha kA shrddhaan| dharmadhyAna ke cinha haiM-deva guru kA guNagrAma, zruta kI bhakti, zIla aura saMyama meM anuraag| isase dharmadhyAnI kI pahacAna hotI hai| dharmadhyAna ke cAra Alambana haiM-a. vAcanA (sUtra paThana pAThana), ba. pRcchanA (jijJAsA nivAraNa), sa. parivartanA (punaH punaH AvRtti) tathA da. anuprekSA (ciMtana mnn)| dharmadhyAna kI cAra bhAvanAe~ haiM-a. ekattva (apane ekAkIpana kA ciMtana), ba. anitya (saMsAra kI nazvaratA para vicAra), sa. azaraNa-dharma sivAya koI zaraNa nahIM, tathA da. saMsAra (sAMsArika vicitratAoM para ciNtn)| ____4.zukla dhyAna - jisa dhyAna ke mAdhyama se AtmA AThoM karma rUpI maila ko dhokara svacchaujjvala bana jAtI hai, vaha zukla dhyAna hai| zukla dhyAna ke cAra bheda yA pAe haiM- a. pRthakattva vitarka savicAra-nayAdhArita padArthoM ke bhinna-bhinna rUpoM kA ciMtana, zabda, artha va yoga meM sNkrmnn| ba. ekattvavitarka avicAra-dravya kI paryAyoM meM abheda pradhAnatA se ekattva kA ciMtana tathA tIna yogoM meM eka para aTala ciNtn| sa. sUkSama kriyA anivRtti-nirvANagamana ke pUrva jaba sarvajJa yoga nirodha ke krama meM sUkSma zarIra yoga dvArA zeSa yogoM ko roka dete haiN| da. samuchinna kriyA apratipAtI-zaileSI avasthA meM 565

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sucaritram yogoM kA nirodh| yaha mokSa prApti kA mukhya dvAra hai| zukla dhyAna ke cAra cinha haiM-a. avyatha (vyathA kA anubhava nahIM), ba. asammoha (sammohana nahIM), sa. viveka (AtmA-zarIra kI bhinnatA) tathA da. vyutsarga-(niHsaMga hokara deha va upadhi kA tyaag)| zukla dhyAna ke cAra Alambana haiM-a. kSamA, ba. mArdava, sa. Arjava evaM da. mukti| zukla dhyAna kI cAra bhAvanAe~-a. anantAnuvartitAnuprekSA-ananta pudgala parAvartana para ciMtana / ba. vipariNAmAnuprekSA-vastu ke pariNamana para vicAra / sa. azubhAnuprekSAsaMsAra kI azubhatA kA ciNtn| da. apAyAnuprekSA-Asravagata duSpariNAmoM para ciNtn| samuccaya meM AtmazuddhipUrvaka samatA kA abhyAsa ho jAne para dharmadhyAna evaM zukladhyAna kI sArthakatA hai| jina AgamoM meM dhyAna saMbaMdhI mArmika evaM gUDha vivecana huA hai, unameM mukhya hai-AcArAMga sUtra (prathama zrutaskaMdha), sthAnAMga sUtra, samavAya sUtra, sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, uvavAI sUtra, uttarAdhyayana sUtra, samaNa suttaM (dhyAna sUtra) aadi| jaina paraMparA kI dhyAna sAdhanA evaM anya dhyAna dhArAe~: samAja meM sAmAnyatayA do prakAra ke vyakti hote haiM- 1. anusrotagAmI arthAt pravAha ke sAtha bahane vAle-pravAha cAhe paramparA kA ho, aindrika viSayoM kA ho athavA any| 2. pratisrotagAmI-pravAha ke viruddha bahane vaale| pravAha hotA hai cittavRtti kA kendr| koI kisI se mitratA kare yA zatrutA-ye do avasthAe~ haiM, jina meM 'para' mana kA kendra bana jAtA hai| tIsarI vidhA hai upekSA-na mitratA, na zatrutAsirpha sAkSI bhaav| yaha tIsare prakAra kA vyakti ukta donoM prakAra se pare raha 'sva' kI samIkSA karatA hai aura apane astittva ko prakaTa karatA hai| vaha svayaM kI antardRSTi aura antarviveka ke AdhAra para calatA hai| saca meM isa prakAra ko anta:gAmI kaha sakate haiM-na anusrotagAmI, na prtisrotgaamii| usakA vyaktitva ho jAtA hai antrmukhii| yaha antarmukhatA sadhatI hai dhyAna sAdhanA se| jaina paramparA kI dhyAna sAdhanA sAvalamba aura nirAvalamba donoM prakAra kI rahI hai| dhyAna vidhi kA vistAra se varNana milatA hai aura yaha varNana bhI milatA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra tathA tripaSThi puruSa kisa dhyAna vidhi kI pAlanA karate the| AcArAMga sUtra meM kahA hai aduporisiM tiriyAbhittiM cakkhumAjja aMtaso jhaati| ahayakkhubhIta sahiyA te haMtA haMtA bahave kNdisu| arthAt bhagavAn mahAvIra eka-eka prahara taka tirachI bhIta para AMkheM jamA kara aMtarAtmA meM dhyAna karate the-laMbe samaya taka apalaka jhapake rahane se putaliyA~ Upara uTha jAtI thii| vaha sAvalamba trATaka dhyAna thaa| bhagavAn ne bhadrA, mahAbhadrA va sarvatobhadrA pratimA kI sAdhanA kii| sAdhanA kI nirantaratA hI sAdhaka ko sAdhya taka pahu~cAtI hai| dhyAna sAdhanA vizeSa anuSThAna rUpa mAtra na rahakara samagra 566

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caritra ke zikhara para pahuMcane kA rahasya jIvanacaryA rUpa bana jAnI caahie| isa sAdhanA kA mUla lakSya hai yogoM kI sthirtaa| isa sthiratA hetu samiti-gupti kA nirdeza hai| isase nirAvalambana yA svAvalambana kI prApti hotI hai| kevala sva kA, svAtmA kA Alambana grahaNa karane vAlA sAdhaka svAvalambI kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra dhyAna ko sva kI samIkSA kahA gayA hai| isameM para ke prati kevala dRSTAbhAva raha jAtA hai| dRSTAbhAva kA artha hai mAtra dekhanA, dhyAna na denaa| isase sva meM sthiratA kI prApti hotI hai| anya vyakti, vastu, paristhiti aura usase Age hamArA mana, zarIra, vicAra saba 'para' hai| ataH inake prati upekSA yA dRSTAbhAva kA artha hai-pUrNa samattva, samatAbhAva-yahI dhyAna sAdhanA kA AdhAra bhI hai aura zikhara bhii| yaha samatA bhAva hI caritra sAdhanA kA bhI zikhara hai| dhyAnalInatA hI caritralInatA hai tathA caritralInatA hI dhyAnalInatA hai| ina donoM ko milAkara AtmalInatA kA nAma diyA jA sakatA hai| jaina paramparA kI dhyAna yA samagra sAdhanA ko kevala do zabdoM meM abhivyakta kara sakate haiN| ye haiM saMvara aura nirjarA athavA samatA evaM jaagruuktaa| samatA aura jAgarUkatA kAraNa haiM aura saMvara aura nirjarA kaary| pApa karma kA baMdha nahIM hogA yatanA se-'jayaM care, jayaM ciTTe...' pratipala yatanApUrvaka kArya hogA to pApa baMdha nahIM hog| Asrava nahIM hogA to saMvara va nirjarA kA hI krama calegA, jinakI bahulatA hI sAdhanA kA lakSya hotA hai| isa mUlabhUta sAdhanA ke sAtha samiti gupti saMyukta hotI haiM to dhyAna-sAdhanA kA svastha dharAtala taiyAra hotA hai, jo tInoM yogoM kI sthiratA sAdhatA huA carama sAdhya kI ora sAdhaka ko le jAtA hai| mUlataH dhyAna ko sAdhaka jIvana kA prANa mAnA gayA hai| dhyAna ke anya sahayogI tatva kahe gae haiM-Asana (kAyakleza), sthAna (niravadya), kAla (yogottama), yogyatA (tana mana bala), jJAna, darzana, caritra, vairAgya bhAvanA jinase atizaya nizcalatA milatI hai| __ anya dhyAna-dhArAoM meM bauddha, vaidika Adi aura Adhunika yuga kI maharSi ramaNa evaM yogI aravinda kI dhyAna paddhatiyoM ko le sakate haiN| 1.bauddha dhyAna dhArA- bodhi prApta ho jAne para dhyAna sAdhanA se samyak saMbuddha banA jAtA hai| yaha mArga hai Arya-aSTAMgika maarg| isake ye vibhAga haiM- a. zIla - samyakvANI, samyak karma tathA samyak aajiivikaa| ba. samAdhi - mana kA samyak vyAyAma, samyak smRti, samyak ekaagrtaa| ye chaH aMga hue haiM aura zeSa do aMga prajJA se saMbaMdhita haiM-samyak darzana evaM samyak sNklp| samAdhi kA artha hai kuzala citta kI ekAgratA (dhyaan)| yaha samAdhi laukika hai aura prajJA ke sAtha lokottara hotI hai| dhyAna ke pAMca aMga kahe haiM- a. vitarka (samyak saMkalpa), ba. vicAra ( vitarka kI apekSA sUkSma), sa. prIti (tRpti anubhava), da.sukha (kAya sukha evaM citta sakha), ya. upekSA (ekAgratAM.sama dhyAna ke mUlataH do bheda haiM- a. AraMbhaNa upanijjhAna (AlaMbana para ciMtana) tathA ba. lakkhaNa upanijjhAna (lakSaNa para ciNtn)| anya bheda haiM- a. rUpAvacara dhyAna (cAra prakAra), ba. arUpAvacara dhyAna tathA sa.lokottara dhyAna, jisakA mArga hai vipshynaayaan| vizyanA dhyAna paddhati adhika pracalita huI hai| bauddha paramparA ko dhyAna paddhati kramabaddha, vyavasthita va saMyojita hai| sAdhaka nirantara sthUla se sUkSma kI ora gati karatA hai| anta meM vaha lokottara dhyAna meM pahu~ca jAtA hai aura nirvANa kA sAkSAtkAra kara letA hai| 567

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sucaritram 2. vaidika dhyAna dhArA - veda aura upaniSad meM yoga ke nAma se dhyAna kA sthAna-sthAna para ullekha hai| kaThopaniSad meM kahA hai-'tU AtmA ko rathI samajha, zarIra ko ratha jAna, buddhi ko sArathI aura mana ko valgA (lagAma) smjh'| yaha dhyAna kA hI rUpa hai| dhyAna kA prasiddha gAyatrI maMtra tInoM vedoM meM milatA hai-'om bhUrbhuvaH svaH tatvasaviturvareNyaM bhargo devasya dhiimhi| dhiyo yo naH pracodAyAt' arthAt jo savitA hamArI buddhi ko prerita karatA hai aura jo saMpUrNa zrutiyoM meM jyotirmAna paramezvara hai, usake akhaMDa teja kA hama dhyAna karate haiN| yahA~ 'vareNyaM' va 'dhImahi' donoM zabda dhyAna aura Alambana ke pratIka haiN| amara jyoti ke dhyAna ke lie prArthanA kI gaI hai ki indriyA~ bahirmukhI na hokara antarmukhI hoM aura unakI UrjA mana meM kendrita ho| mana sadA virATajyoti ke darzana meM agragAmI ho| upaniSad sAhitya meM Asana vidhi, prANAyAma, dhyAna va anubhava kI carcA kI gaI hai| vaise vaidika paramparA meM dhyAna kA prastutikaraNa mukhya rUpa se yoga ke pravartaka maharSi pataMjali ne kiyA hai| unake yogasUtra meM cittavRttiyoM ke nirodha ko yoga tathA usase prApta ekarasatA ko dhyAna kahA hai| yoga ke aSTa krama rakhe haiM-yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna va smaadhi| samAdhi ke do prakAra haiM-samprajJAta va asamprajJAta / dhyAna ko mana aura AtmA ke yoga kA madhyamA batAyA gayA hai| ___3. ramaNa maharSi kI dhyAna dhArA - ramaNa maharSi kI dhyAna paddhati ke kucha mukhya bindu isa prakAra haiM- 1. sthUla vAstavikatA se sUkSma, sUkSmatara, sUkSmatama vAstavikatA kI vicAra prkriyaa| 2. zarIra asata anitya hai aura 'maiM' nitya haiM. sadrapa haiN| zarIra aura AtmA kA bheda-ajJAna daHkha kA kAraNa, jisakA nivAraNa hai AtmajJAna / 3. upAdhiyoM kA tyAga kara dene vAle puruSa ko Atmadarzana hotA hai aura Atmadarzana hI Izvara darzana hai| 4. vAyurodhana kA artha hai prANanirodha athavA prANAyAma aura usakI vidhi batAI gaI hai-prANavIkSaNa yAne svAbhAvika rUpa se calate hue zvAsa-prazvAsa ko kevala dRSTAbhAva se dekhnaa| 5. utkRSTa yogI vaha jo eka cintana dvArA ajJAna ko naSTa kara sva svarUpa meM samyak sthiti prApta kara letA hai| usakA bodha hotA hai-maiM svayaM Ananda svarUpa huuN| 6. vRttiyoM kA pravAha mana hai| sArI vRttiyA~ eka ahaM vRtti para Azrita hotI hai, isalie yaha ahaM vRtti ko hI mana jaano| 7. vyaSTi ahaM evaM samaSTi ahaM donoM ahaM lIna ho jAne para 'aham' zabda se nirdezita zuddhAtma svarUpa prakaTa hotA hai| (graMtha 'upadeza-sAra' se) 4. yogI aravinda kI dhyAna-dhArA - zrI aravinda ke patra (dvitIya bhAga) ke anusAra AtmA ke sAkSAtkAra ke lie yoga dhyAna aparihArya hai| dhyAna sAdhanA kI pahalI sIr3hI hai-acaMcala mana aura dUsarI hai nizcala nIravatA, jisake abhyAsa se zAMta sthiti A jAtI hai| dhyAna kA sahI artha hai-a. meDiTezana-mana ko kisI eka hI viSaya ko spaSTa karane vAlI kisI eka hI vicAradhArA para ekAgra karanA / ba. dUsarA rUpa hai kaMTemplezana-ekAgratA kI zakti se mana meM svabhAvataH hI usa viSaya kA jo jJAna udita ho jAtA hai vaha dhyAna kA dUsarA rUpa hai| dhyAna kA tIsarA rUpa hai-Atma nirIkSaNa kI paddhati tathA vicAra zrRMkhalA se mukti-ye donoM pariNAma kI dRSTi se vizAna aura mahAna haiN| sarvottama 568

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caritra ke zikhara para pahuMcane kA rahasya dhyAna vaha hai jo sahaja svAbhAvika rUpa se ghaTita hotA hai| vastutaH dhyAna eka paddhati, sAdhana aura upAya hai jo kriyA satata calanI caahie| dhyAna prakriyA tIna prakAra kI hai- a. donoM bhohoM ke bIca mana ko ekAgra karanA, ba. mastaka meM manomaya kendra meM sArI cetanA ko le jAkara ekAgra karanA tathA sa. hRdaya kendra para dhyAna krnaa| AcArya nAneza dvArA pravartita Atma-samIkSaNa dhyAna sAdhanA : ___ AcArya nAneza mAtra eka sAdhaka hI nahIM, balki apane Apa meM vikasita cetanA evaM udAtta dhyAna ke pratIka bana gae the| 'Atma samIkSaNa' nAma se jo unake dvArA upadezita graMtha kA prakAzana huA hai, unakI dhyAna sAdhanA kA sAkAra citraNa hai| sampUrNa graMtha uttama puruSa meM likhA gayA tAki AraMbha se aMta taka pAThaka sArI vastusthiti ko nijAtmA para Aropita karatA huA cale aura svAbhAvika rUpa se Atma dhyAna ke pravAha meM bahane lge| mUla rUpa se Atma-samIkSaNa ke nava sUtra nirUpita kie gae- 1. maiM caitanya deva huuN| mujhe socanA hai ki maiM kahA~ se AyA hU~, kisalie AyA hU~? 2. maiM prabuddha hU~, sadA jAgRta huuN| mujhe socanA hai ki merA apanA kyA hai aura kyA merA nahIM hai? 3. maiM vijJAtA hU~, dRSTA huuN| mujhe socanA hai ki mujhe kina para zraddhA rakhanI hai aura kaunase siddhAMta apanAne haiM? 4. maiM sujJa hU~, saMvedanazIla huuN| mujhe socanA hai ki merA mAnasa, merI vANI aura merI kArya vidhi tuccha bhAvoM se grasta kyoM hai? 5. maiM samadarzI hU~, jyotirmaya huuN| mujhe socanA hai ki merA mana kahA~-kahA~ ghUmatA hai, vacana kaisA-kaisA nikalatA hai aura kAyA kidhara-kidhara bahakatI hai? 6. maiM parAkramI hU~, puruSArthI huuN| mujhe socanA hai ki maiM kyA kara rahA hU~ aura mujhe kyA karanA cAhie? 7.maiM maulika rUpa se parama pratApI hU~, sarva zaktimAna huuN| mujhe socanA hai ki maiM apane baMdhanoM ko kaise tor3a sakatA hU~? merI mukti kA mArga kidhara hai? 8. maiM jJAna puMja hU~, samattva yogI huuN| mujhe socanA hai ki mujhe amiTa zAMti kyoM nahIM milatI, amiTa sukha kyoM nahIM prApta hotA? 9. maiM zuddha, buddha, niraMjana huuN| mujhe socanA hai ki merA mUla svarUpa kyA hai aura use maiM prApta kaise karU~? mAtra ina nava sUtroM ke dhyAnAtmaka vivecana meM 463 pRSThoM (bar3I sAija) ke ukta graMtha kI racanA huI hai| isa vivecana meM 'Atma-samIkSaNa ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai|' samIkSaNa zabda do zabdoM kI yuti se banA hai- sama+IkSaNa arthAt samyak yA samatAmaya rUpa se dekhnaa| kise dekhanA? nijAtmA ko| kaise dekhanA? dhyAna sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se| isa dhyAna kA mUla hai Atma svarUpa para gUr3ha evaM gaMbhIra ciMtana jo apanI cetanA ko jagAte hue apane carama sAdhya taka pahu~catA hai| anya dhyAna vidhAoM kI apekSA isa vidhA kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki AtmA ke bhItara jo jhAMkanA hai vaha sAmAnya nahIM, viziSTa hai, kyoMki vaha samyak evaM samatAmaya hai| saMsAra kI sArI dhyAna sAdhanAoM kI eka hI dRSTi hai, eka hI niSpatti hai aura vaha hai smtaa| samatA darzana praNetA AcArya nAneza ne isI dRSTi kA apanI dhyAna sAdhanA ke pravartana meM sUkSma rUpa se vistAra kiyA hai| eka alaga pustikA dvArA samIkSaNa dhyAna kI prayoga vidhi kA bhI varNana kiyA hai, jisakA lakSya hai Atmadarzana yA antardarzana / jo dhyAna antataH Atma-sAkSAtkAra karAtA hai. vAstava meM vahI dhyAna zreSTha hai| 569

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sucaritram utthAna jIvana ke utthAna meM dhyAna kI bhUmikA evaM zakti kA rUpAMtaraNa : ___ AcArAMga sUtra meM yaha zAzvata prazna uThAyA gayA hai-maiM kauna hU~? kahA~ se AyA hU~? isakA uttara hai 'so'ham' saH aham yAne vaha maiM huuN| jIva ko yaha bodha tIna kAraNoM se saMbhava hai-1. svamati-sanmati se, 2. para vyAkaraNa se aura 3. paretara upadeza se| bodha kA bhAva hai ki dravya evaM bhAva dizAvidizAoM meM paribhramaNa karane vAlI yaha merI AtmA hI hai| jaina darzana meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki dhyAna sAdhanA evaM caritra vikAsa kI uccatara zreNiyoM meM jaba sva meM vicaraNa kiyA jAtA hai to do tathya ubharate haiN| eka, AtmA kA svarUpa paramAtmA ke svarUpa se bhinna nahIM hai tathA dUsare, phira bhI AtmA brahma kA aMza nahIM banatI, usakA apanA svataMtra astitva rahatA hai| 'so'ham' ke bodha kA yaha spaSTIkaraNa hai ki he Atman, tU tU nahIM, tU vaha hai arthAt tU kevala saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karane vAlI AtmA hI nahIM hai, apitu apane puruSArtha ke dvArA karma baMdhanoM ko kATakara paramAtmA bhI bana sakatI hai, ataH tU apane ko usa rUpa meM dekh| jIvana ke carama utthAna kA yahI rahasya hai, jo dhyAna sAdhanA evaM caritra vikAsa kI bhUmikA para aMkurita, pallavita evaM puSpita hotA hai| ____dhyAna sAdhanA kI saphalatA ke do lakSaNa kahe gae haiN| eka to dhyAna-sAdhaka vartamAna samaya ke prati sajaga rahe tathA dUsare, vaha apane citta ko mauna kara le| vartamAna ke prati sajagatA, citta kI samAdhi-dazA aura prema kA sammilana jaba hotA hai, tabhI sAdhaka ko parama Ananda kA anubhava hotA hai| cittavRttiyoM ke zAMta ho jAne para sAdhaka ko AMtarika mauna kI jo anubhUti hotI hai, vaha mauna hI dhyAna kA rUpa le letA hai| dhyAna sAdhanA kA yahI trisUtrI mUlAdhAra hai, jo kAyotsarga sUtra meM varNita haiM-1. 'ThANeNaM' (kArya sthiratA), 2.'moNeNaM' (vacana sthiratA) tathA 3.'jhANeNaM' (Adi, vyAdhi, upAdhi se haTakara samAdhilIna hokara mauna meM sthira ho jaanaa)| muni pada aise mauna kA hI pratIka hai| dhyAna karmabaddha AtmA tathA karmamukta AtmA ke bIca kA vaha sazakta setu hai, jisa para sadhe hue kadamoM se calane kI kSamatA dhyAna sAdhanA se prApta hotI hai| karmabaddha AtmA aura karmamukta AtmA ke bIca kA jo aMtara hai, vaha Atmazuddhi kA hI mukhya prazna hai| Atmazuddhi kA artha hai svayaM kI shuddhi| svayaM ko zuddhi ke pAMca pahalU ho sakate haiM 1. kAya zuddhi - yaha zuddhi bAharI se bhItarI adhika mahattva kI hai| zarIra ke bhItarI taMtra niroga raheM aura zArIrika sAmarthya sakriya ho to zarIra dharmAcaraNa kA sabala sAdhanA banA rahatA hai| yaha kAya zuddhi vibhinna yaugika kriyAoM ke mAdhyama se bakhUbI kI jA sakatI hai| 2. vacana zuddhi - vacanoM ke prayoga ke prabhAva ke viSaya meM saba jAnate haiM ki madhuratA tathA kaThoratA kI pratikriyAe~ kaisI hotI haiN| vacanoM kI madhuratA sabako suhAtI hai to kaThoratA itanA kaluSa phailA detI hai jisakI kAlikha lambe arse taka nahIM mitttii| ataH vacana zuddhi atyAvazyaka hai| isakA upAya hai-saMyamita vacana, mitabhASitA tathA mauna kA abhyaas| jitanA Avazyaka hai utanA hI bolanA, balki usase bhI kama bolanA aura adhikatara mauna rahanA vANI para adhikAra dilA detA hai| 570

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caritra ke zikhara para pahuMcane kA rahasya sAtha hI jo bhI bolA jAe, vaha satya ho aura hitakArI tathA priyakArI bhii| ____3. AhAra zuddhi - AhAra kA tana para hI nahIM, mana para bhI pUrA prabhAva par3atA hai aura jitane kuvyasana haiM, ve dUSita AhAra ke hI kuphala hote haiN| vikRta AhAra jIvana ko sabhI prakAra se vikRta banAkara patita kara detA hai| ataH AhAra zuddhi kI ora pUrA dhyAna diyA jAnA caahie| cauke se caritra kA anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai, vaha AhAra ke AdhAra para hii| tAmasika AhAra sarvathA tyAgeM, rAjasI AhAra kama kareM aura sAtvika AhAra pUrNatayA apanAveM, tAki zuddhi kA krama Age bar3hatA raha ske| 4. prANa zaddhi - prANa dasa hote haiM aura dasoM prANa UrjAvAna tabhI bane raha sakate haiM, jaba unheM vizuddha vAtAvaraNa prApta ho| prANa zuddhi ke lie tapArAdhanA kareM, prANAyAma kA abhyAsa rakheM tathA vibhinna yaugika kriyAoM, AsanoM tathA dhvaniyoM ke mAdhyama se prANa zuddhi kA kArya karate rheN| ____5. citta zuddhi - mana kI yA citta kI caMcalatA ko Apa samajhate haiM aura usakI zuddhi va sthiratA ke abhilASI bhI Apa haiN| Atma zuddhi ke sAdhya taka saphalatApUrvaka pahu~cane ke lie citta zuddhi ke lie anivArya hai-sthiratA kA abhyAsa, vibhAvoM tathA vikAroM ko dUra karane kI ceSTA, sadguNoM ko grahaNa karane kI vRtti tathA sabase Upara dhyAna sAdhanA kA anuSThAna tAki Atma-zuddhikaraNa kI prakriyA pragatizIla bane, sukha-samAdhi mile aura zuddha caitanya kI anubhUti AnandadAyaka lge| yaha dhyAna evaM ciMtana kA viSaya hai ki Ananda hamArA svabhAva hai, zAMti kahIM bAhara nahIM, hamArI hI AMtarikatA meM basI huI hai evaM jJAna hama svayaM haiM-jJAna AtmA hai aura AtmA jJAna hai| aisA hote hue bhI hama duHkhI kyoM haiM, azAMti se ghire hue kyoM haiM tathA ajJAna ke aMdhere meM kyoM bhaTaka rahe haiM? ciMtana kI tanika sI gaharAI meM bhI utareMge to anubhava ho jAegA ki hamArI isa durAvasthA kA kAraNa hama svayaM haiM, kyoMki hama svayaM ko hI nahIM phcaante| svayaM se svayaM kI jo dUrI banI huI hai vahI hamAre sabhI kaSToM kI kAraNa bhUta hai| ise miTAnA hI dhyAna sAdhanA kI saphalatA hai| caritra ke vikAsa evaM jIvana ke utthAna krama meM dhyAna sAdhanA kI jo sudRr3ha bhUmikA hai, usake phalavatI hone para zaktiyoM kA rUpAMtaraNa hotA hai| mana aura iMdriyoM kI jo zakti vartamAna meM viparIta, vaibhAvika tathA vaikArika dizA meM kharca ho rahI hai, vaha dizA badala detI hai-vimArga se haTa kara sanmArga para A jAtI hai| ve zaktiyA~ taba Atma-svarUpa ke zuddhikaraNa meM niyojita ho jAtI haiN| dhyAna sAdhaka tattvavettA banatA hai aura krodha, mAna, lobha, rAga, dveSa moha, garbha, janma-mRtyu, gatyAnugatikatA evaM duHkha Adi ko samyak prakAra se dekhane meM saphalatA prApta kara letA hai-'je kohadaMsI, se mANadaMsI, je mANadaMsI se maaydNsii....'| vaha rAga dveSa se mukta rahakara kama zarIra ko kSINa karatA hai| dhyAna sAdhanA se manuSya ko amita AtmavizvAsa tathA akhUTa UrjA kI prApti hotI hai ki manamAnasa sajaga va sakriya rahe tathA jIvana kA vyAvahArika pakSa AdhyAtmika pakSa ke sAtha jur3A rhe| mAnava caritra kA jaba isa rUpa meM nirmANa evaM vikAsa hotA hai to usakI zaktiyA~ sRjanAtmaka, sakArAtmaka tathA racanAtmaka svarUpa grahaNa kara letI hai| vastutaH jIvana kA utthAna isI meM hai ki vyakti zubha tathA zuddha vRtti-pravRtti kA dhAraka ho, apane hI nahIM sabakI hita ciMtA meM lage rahe, balki sva se bhI Upara uThakara parArtha meM visarjita ho jaave| 571

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sucaritram zaktiyoM kA rUpAMtaraNa hI jIvanotthAna kA sudRr3ha sopAna hai| yahI jIvana kI vAstavika dIkSA hai| zaktiyoM ke rUpAMtaraNa ke bAda meM bhI vyavahAra yathArtha meM vyavahAra banatA hai, vANI samyak svarUpa grahaNa karatI hai tathA ciMtana kI vAstavikatA prakaTa hotI hai| bikharI huI miTTI ko agara khAda, bIja, pAnI kA anukUla saMyoga mila jAtA hai to anna kI saphala upajatI hai, latA gulma AcchAdita hote haiM aura raMga va sugaMdha se bharapUra puSpa khilakhilAte haiN| yahI miTTI kuMbhakAra ke hAtha meM calI jAtI hai to upayoga va sajAvaTI kalAkRtiyoM meM badala jAtI hai| karmabaddha AtmA aisI hI bikharI huI miTTI hai, jise dhyAna sAdhanA kA saMyoga mila jAe to vaha karma mukti kI dizA meM khilakhilAtA phUla banakara apanI sugaMdha luTA sakatI hai| miTTI se hI mUrti banatI hai, dIpaka banatA hai, jo ujAlA phailAtA hai| phira yaha AtmA to jIvanta tattva hai-yadi zaktiyoM kA saphala rUpAMtaraNa ho jAe to kyA-kyA camatkAra isase udbhuta nahIM ho sakate? ____ dhyAna karane, vicArane aura ciMtana-manana karane kA tathya yahI hai ki vartamAna meM hamArI jIvanazaktiyA~ vibhAvoM meM bhaTaka rahI hai-vipathagAmI hai athavA svabhAva prApti kI dizA meM Age se Age bar3ha rahI satpathagAmI? zaktiyoM ke rUpAMtaraNa kA krama isI bindu se AraMbha hotA hai| isa Akalana ke bAda saMkalpa bane aura dhyAna sAdhanA kI ArAdhanA gaharI ho, kyoMki zaktiyoM ke rUpAMtaraNa kA mUlAdhAra yaha dhyAna yoga hI hai| yahI zakti kA sRjana karatA hai, use zubhatA meM niyojita karatA hai tathA caritra kA sarvocca vikAsa sAdhate hue use zikhara taka pahu~cAtA hai| dhyAna kA jJAna-vijJAna tathA svayaM kI svayaM dvArA zodha : vastutaH dhyAna yoga kI sthApanA una dhyAnI puruSoM ne kI hai, jinhoMne dhyAna-sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se buddhattva, jinatva tathA siddhattva kI jyoti upalabdha kii| mahAvIra, buddha Adi dhyAna yogiyoM ne isa sAdhanA se hI ahiMsA, daza, karuNA tathA mAnavIya mUlyoM ke phUla khilAe haiM, jinakI sugaMdha Aja kI pIr3hI surakSita nahIM rakha pA rahI hai-yaha dayanIya sthiti hai, kintu yaha sthiti nirAzA kI nahIM, utsAha kI hetu bananI cAhie ki caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ko sarvagrAhI, vyApaka evaM vistRta banAne ke sAmUhika prayAsa turanta prAraMbha kie jaae| abhiyAna kI uccatara zreNiyoM meM dhyAna sAdhanA ko pUrA-pUrA mahattva diyA jAnA cAhie tAki Atmazuddhi ke AyAma ko sabhI kSetroM meM kriyAzIla banAyA jA ske| ___ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana para dRSTipAta kareM to vidita hogA ki unake darzana kA mUla mArga hI dhyAna hai| ve bAraha varSoM taka kaThora tapasyA karate rhe| kyA thI vaha tapasyA? vaha dhyAna sAdhanA kI uccatA thI, mauna kI pAraMgatatA thii| dhyAna aura mauna meM khilI thI unakI viitraagtaa| isa lambI avadhi meM unhoMne AtmA kA zuddhikaraNa kiyA, usakA anusaMdhAna kiyA aura usakI parama ujjvalatA avApta kii| dhyAna ke jJAna-vijJAna kA ujalA pakSa yahI hai ki svayaM kI svayaM dvArA zodha saphalatA ke sAtha sampanna ho| satya to yaha hai ki svayaM kA anusaMdhAna hI dhyAna sAdhanA hai-yahI isakA jJAna evaM vijJAna hai| dhyAna meM yaha ciMtana ramanA cAhie ki Aja hama kyA haiM, hamArA Atma svarUpa kaisA hai aura svarUpa 572

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caritra ke zikhara para pahuMcane kA rahasya saMzodhana kA hamArA yatna kisa rUpa meM cala rahA hai? Azaya yaha hai ki hamArA caritra kaisA hai aura use kaisA banAnA cAhie? hama apane jIvana mUlyoM kA saMbaMdha kevala paraloka se hI nahIM jor3eM, balki unheM vartamAna-sApekSa bnaaveN| marane ke bAda kyA milegA, hamArA kyA hogA, kahA~ jAeMge-aisA socane kI bajAya yaha dekheM ki hama Aja kyA haiM, kyoM haiM, hamAre citta kI zAti tathA AtmA kI nirmalatA ke lie kyA kiyA jA sakatA hai-usa para apanA dhyAna kendrita kreN| hama U~cI-U~cI bAteM to karate phirate haiM. lekina yaha nahIM dekhate ki hamArA hRdaya kitanA saMvedanahIna, svArthI aura nirdayI banatA jA rahA hai| bhautikatA ke ambAra khar3e kara deM-usase jIvana kA kucha banane vAlA nahIM hai| banegA to isase ki caritrazIlatA bar3he, jIvana kI guNavattA vikasita ho aura mAnavatA mastaka para viraaje| - mAnavatA, caritra evaM jIvana ke utthAna ke lie vijJAna, kalA aura dhyAna tInoM ko AtmasAt karanA hogA-vijJAna jIvana aura jagat ke padArthagata jJAna ke lie, kalA jIvana ko sRjanAtmaka AyAma dene ke lie aura dhyAna jIvana kI AMtarika zuddhi tathA AnaMda ke lie hai| vAstava meM jIvana kA jJAna tathA cetanA kA vijJAna hI dhyAna hai| manuSya kI zaktiyoM ko jagAne, unako svAbhAvika gati dene tathA sva ko para meM vigalita kara dene kA varadAna dhyAna sAdhanA se hI prakaTa hotA hai| dhyAna spaSTataH svayaM ko samajhane aura apanI cetanA ko tarAzane kA saMkalpita upakrama hai| dhyAna se manuSya apane hI bhItara utaratA hai, svayaM kI zodha karatA hai aura apanI AtmA ko paramAtma-zakti ke sAtha jor3atA hai| jahA~ taka dhyAna kI vidhiyoM kA saMbaMdha hai, aneka vidhiyA~ nirdezita, mAnya evaM pracalita haiM aura yaha mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM ki sabhI vidhiyA~ acchI haiN| dhyAna sAdhaka ko prayogadharmI honA cAhie aura niSkarSa nikAlanA cAhie ki apane lie kaunasI vidhi citta ko pariSkRta tathA cetanA ko paripUrNa banAne ke lakSya ke anukUla hai| __ bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yaha krAMtikArI saMdeza hai ki dhyAna sarvathA zubha nahIM, azubha bhI hotA hai| cAra dhyAna batAe haiM, jinameM do dhyAna azabha haiM aura do dhyAna zabha haiN| isa vivecana ke sAtha yaha nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki zubha dhyAnoM meM nirata baneM tathA azubha dhyAnoM se satarka raheM / Arta aura raudra dhyAna tamasa rUpa haiM tathA dharma va zukla dhyAna sAtvika rUpa haiN| UrdhvamukhI aura sakArAtmaka vRttiyoM-pravRttiyoM meM ekaniSTa honA zubha rUpa hai| isake viparIta mAnasika hiMsA, tanAva, ciMtA, ghuTana se ghire rahanA Arta aura raudra dhyAna kA sevana hai, jo jIvana ko adha:patana kI ora le jAtA hai, caritra ko hIna banAtA hai| dhyAna bahuta sahaja hai-isako na kaThina mAneM, na bnaaveN| dhyAna ko bahuta hI sahajatA se leN| dhyAna itanA hI hai ki svayaM ko svayaM meM utaranA hai, svayaM kA sUkSma avalokana karanA hai aura svayaM ke zuddha rUpa yAne paramAtma svarUpa kA Anandarasa pInA hai| khuda kI mastI meM masta rahanA hai aura khudA bana jAnA hai| eka dhyAnI ne apanI dhyAna vidhi kA ullekha karate hue use pAMca caraNoM meM vibhAjita kI hai 1. pahalA caraNa- zvAsa darzana tathA ekAgra yoga - isameM nirliptatA, tanmayatA, sva kendritatA tathA zvAsa sajagatA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| 2. dUsarA caraNa - citta darzana tathA zAMti yoga - svayaM ko bhRkuTi madhya sthira kareM, agra mastiSka meM kendrita kareM aura mana ko mauna, tanmaya va vilIna ho jAne deN| 573

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sucaritram 574 3. tIsarA caraNa - hRdaya darzana evaM bhAvayoga mana aura buddhi ko hRdaya meM DUbane deM, hRdayapraveza meM svayaM ko sthita kareM aura dhyAna kI gahanatA meM utara jAveM / isase suzupta bhAvazakti kA praphullatA dAyaka jAgaraNa ho skegaa| 4. cauthA caraNa sahastrAra darzana evaM bodhiyoga - hRdaya kI avasthiti tathA pulaka ko mastaka meM le AveM, jahA~ sahasrAra va brahmaraMdhra hotA hai, mastiSka ko ucca UrjA zakti se bhara deM aura apanI ucca sattA ke sAtha vicaraNa kreN| isase caitanya svarUpa kA bodha sAkAra banatA hai| - 5. pAMcavAM caraNa - videha darzana tathA paramAtma yoga - antima caraNa meM mukta astittva se apanI tadAkAratA sthApita kara leM aura paramAtma sattA se ekalaya ho jAveM / Atmagata sampUrNa zaktiyoM kI prApti isase ho jAtI hai| yahI dhyAna kA jJAna hai, vijJAna hai aura sAra hai| Atma-bodha, Atma- Arogya tathA Atma-puruSArtha kA AraMbha : caritra nirmANa abhiyAna kA yaha maulika dharAtala hai ki svayaM ke astittva kA anubhava kiyA - Atma bodha ho, kyoMki Atma-smaraNa jIvana kI sabase bar3I sampadA hai to Atma-vismaraNa sabase bar3I vipadA hai| 'maiM hU~' - isakA bodha hara samaya rahanA caahie| hamAre mUla astitva kI prata Atmabodha hai, ahaMkAra nahIM / sahI sthiti yaha hai ki jaba ahaMkAra galatA hai, tabhI samyak Atmabodha hotA hai| hamAre Atma-tattva aura jIvana tattva kI anubhUti pratikSaNa hotI rahanI caahie| jo Atmastha rahatA hai, vahI aparigrahI hotA hai cAhe parigraha yAne sattA sampatti ke ambAra para khar3A ho| vaha mUrchA mamattva se rahita hotA hai / Apa kucha bhI kareM-dekheM, boleM, caleM, baiTheM, gAveM, haMseM, khAveM, pIveM, daur3eM, koI bhI kAma kareM - 'maiM hU~' kI pratIti banI rahe / yadi aisA karane kA abhyAsa kara lete haiM to Apake vyavahAra meM saumyatA AegI tathA svabhAva zAMta bana jaaegaa| Atma-bodha se jur3akara Apa jIvana ke zAzvata rUpa se jur3a jAte haiM aura amaratA kA anubhava hone lagatA hai| isase mRtyu-bhaya kSINa ho jAtA hai tathA jIvana kI vRtti - pravRtti meM utsAha kA saMcAra anubhava meM AtA hai| 'maiM hU~'- yaha mAtra socanA hI nahIM hai - isakA anubhava karanA hai aura anubhava ko sthAyI rUpa denA hai| dina meM jaba bhI avasara lage-apane bhItara jhAMkeM, 'maiM hU~' ko dekheM tathA use sazakta banAne ke bAre meM socate rheN| yaha dhyAna kA unmukta svarUpa hai| adhyAtma ne manosvAsthya arthAt AtmA ke Arogya ke lie dhyAna-sAdhanA kA mArga prazasta kiyA hai| Atma-bodha ke bAda hI vidita hotA ki bhItara kI nAr3I kisa prakAra cala rahI hai tathA tApaanupAta kI dazA kaisI hai| Apa dhyAna ke dvArA mana ke sAkSI banate haiM aura usake svAsthya ko jAMcateparakhate haiN| DaoN. beca ne eka aisI cikitsA paddhati kA AviSkAra kiyA hai, jisameM mAnasika lakSaNoM ke mAdhyama se zArIrika rogoM kA upacAra kiyA jAtA hai| hakIkata yaha mAnI gaI hai ki zarIra ke rogoM kI jar3a zarIra meM nahIM, mana meM hotI hai| mana kI kamajorI ke lakSaNa hAtha meM A jAveM to mAnasika avasAda kI cikitsA karake zArIrika avasAda ke jvara ko dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha eka stara hai aura isI stara kI U~cAI para dhyAna yoga kI cikitsA phalIbhUta ho sakatI hai| vaha Atma ko

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caritra ke zikhara para pahuMcane kA rahasya Arogya pradAna kregii| AtmA niroga ho jAe to mana svastha hogA hI aura mana svastha ho to zarIra kI zakti kaise durbala yA rUgNa ho sakatI hai? jaba AtmA niroga bana jAe to vaha jAgRta hogI, uThegI aura karma-patha para prayANa avazya kregii| abhiprAya yaha hai ki Arogya se puruSArtha kA jAgaraNa avazyaMbhAvI hai| dhyAna aura karma donoM paraspara sApekSa haiN| dhyAnapUrvaka karma ko sampanna karanA-saphala banAnA hI dhyAna kI sarvazreSTha upayogitA hai tathA karma kI bhI sughar3atA hai| yaha vicAra tyAga deM ki dhyAna sAdhanA saMnyAsI hI kara sakatA hai aura vaha bhI kisI guphA meM baitthkr| dhyAna kI yaha dhAraNA U~cI ho sakatI hai, kintu sarvagrAhI nhiiN| dhyAna jIvana ke pala-pala meM ghulA milA rahanA caahie| pratyeka vicAra dhyAnapUrvaka kareM, pratyeka vacana dhyAnapUrvaka boleM aura pratyeka vyavahAra to atyadhika dhyAnapUrvaka hI honA caahie| Apa dhyAna lagAveM ki apanI dinacaryA meM Apa dhyAna zabda kA kitanI bAra prayoga karate haiN| koI apane se dUra jAtA ho to itanA hI kahakara saMtoSa kara lete haiM ki dhyAna se jaanaa| dhyAna kA sAmAnya jIvana para bhI kitanA prabhAva hai-yaha dhyAna dene kI bAta hai| ____ dhyAna kI sAdhanA ko kucha Upara kI zreNI meM rakheM, kintu dhyAna kA prayoga evaM upayoga to nIcI se nIcI zreNI se hI zurU ho jAtA hai| dhyAna usa pratyeka vyakti ke lie hai jo apane pratyeka kArya ko nirAbAdha rUpa se sampanna karanA cAhatA hai| karma manuSya kI anivArya pravRtti hai| zrI kRSNa ne gItA meM manuSya ko karmayoga kI preraNA dI hai, kintu gItA kI racanA se bahuta pahale hI bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne gRhasthAvasthA meM manuSya ko 'asi, masi, kasi' ke karma kI preraNA hI nahIM dI, usake pramAdI hAthoM meM karma kA zastra dhAraNa karAyA thaa| karma kyA hai? kArya, pravRtti aura puruSArtha / puruSArtha karma kA utkRSTa rUpa hai| karma se hI karmaThatA kI avasthA AtI hai aura karma hI puruSa ko karmayogI banAtA hai| puruSa kA karma pauruSa banatA hai, puruSArtha kahalAtA hai aura yahI puruSArtha jaba AtmA se jur3a jAtA hai to parAkrama kA rUpa le letA hai| puruSArthI tathA parAkramI AtmA hI antataH paramAtma-svarUpa kA varaNa karatI hai| ___ dhyAna karane aura dhyAna meM jIne kA artha nahIM hai ki Apa gRhastha dharma kA pAlana nahIM kareMge, saMghasamAja meM apane kartavyoM kA nirvAha nahIM kareMge yAki vyavasAya, vyApAra yA utpAdana kArya nahIM kreNge| saba kucha kareMge dhyAnapUrvaka, mana ko sAkSI banAkara tathA AtmA kI AvAja sunate hue| Apa bedhyAna nahIM haiM, sAvadhAna nahIM haiM, lAparavAha nahIM hai-yahI dhyAna hai| Apa zarIra aura iMdriyoM ke dAsa nahIM haiM, mana ke cAkara nahIM haiM, apanI icchAoM ke anugAmI nahIM hai-yahI Atma-puruSArtha hai aura jahA~ Atma puruSArtha hai, vahA~ dhyAna sAdhanA hai hii| saMsAra ke Avazyaka sAre kAma kareM magara dhyAna ke saath| dhyAnI aura adhyAnI ke kAma meM bar3A pharka rahatA hai| donoM kI kAryazailI aura pariNAma meM bhArI aMtara dikhAI degaa| dhyAnI yadi una logoM ke jIvana mUlyoM kA dhyAna rakhegA jo usakI utpAdakatA kA upayoga kareMge yA usake vyavahAra kA sAmanA kreNge| vaha isa dhyAna se apanA kArya karegA ki jisake kAraNa sabakI pratikriyA anukUla ho| dUsarI ora jo adhyAnI hai vaha apane kAma ko jaise-taise karegA, jisameM na to usameM hone vAlI hiMsA kA dhyAna rahegA aura na hI una logoM kI pratikriyA kA, jinake lie kAma kiyA jA rahA hai| yaha antara AsamAna 575

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sucaritram 576 pAtAla ke aMtara jaisA hotA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki dhyAna sAdhanA se dAyittva kA bhAva paidA hotA hai| jo bhI kArya yA vyavahAra eka yAnI karatA hai, vaha use sevA samajha kara karatA hai| vaha samajhatA hai ki kisI ke bhI kAma AyA to vaha usakI sevA hai aura koI bhI sevA antataH Izvara kI sevA hotI hai| dhyAna kI yahI zreSThatA Atma puruSArtha meM pariNata hokara sva ko sarva meM milA detI hai| mahAna dhyAna se caritra kA vaizvIkaraNa aura mAnava jIvana meM mahAnatA : barasAta kitanI hI mUsalAdhAra kyoM na barasI ho, jamIna para chitarA huA pAnI sUkha hI jAtA hai, lekina bAMdha meM ikaTThA huA pAnI bharA rahatA hai| isa pAnI se siMcAI kI jA sakatI hai, bijalI banAI jA sakatI hai aura pAnI kI kamI ho to pIne ke kAma meM bhI liyA jA sakatA hai| yaha antara hai bikharI huI zaktiyoM aura ekatrita kI huI zaktiyoM kA / isI prakAra hamArI jJAna evaM Atmika zaktiyA~ bhI apAra hai, para ve bikharI huI haiM, dabI huI haiM aura niSkriya par3I huI haiN| unheM saMcita karane, pariSkRta karane tathA kAryakSama banAne kI AvazyakatA hai| jaise peMsila ko ghisane se vaha nukIlI ho jAtI hai aura taba usase suMdara hastalipi nikalatI hai, vaise hI ekatrIbhUta ina zaktiyoM ke maMthana se hamArI samagra UrjA prakhara evaM prabala bana jAtI hai| yaha ekajuTa zakti puMja dhyAna sAdhanA se upalabdha hotA hai / yaha jo upalabdhi hai, use cAritrika upalabdhi kA nAma diyA jA sakatA hai| Akhira, dhyAna se jo bhAvanAtmaka prApti hotI hai, vaha mAnava- caritra kA hI to vikAsa karatI hai| isa zakti saMcaya se manuSya kI apanI pahacAna banatI hai, ucca mAnasika kSamatAoM kA vikAsa hotA hai tathA jIvana adhikAdhika Ananda evaM UrjA se paripUrNa banatA hai| yaha paripUrNatA hI use mahAnatA kI dizA meM Age bar3hAtI hai| jinheM lagatA hai ki unakI smaraNa zakti kamajora hai, buddhi manda hai, par3hane yA kAma karane meM mana nahIM lagatA, unheM dhyAna lagAnA caahie| isase peMsila kI taraha unakI mAnasikatA ghisegI aura vaha nukIlI hokara kAryakSama bana jaaegii| mAnasika ekAgratA se gujara kara hI bikharI huI Atmika zaktiyA~ ekarasa, ekalaya aura lakSyonmukhI banatI haiN| Apa jAnate haiM ki jIvana vikAsa kA sabase bar3A bAdhaka mana kA bikharAva hI hai / yaha bikharAva ekatrita hotA aura saMvaratA hai mana ke samIkaraNa se dhyAna mana ko samIkRta karatA hai aura aise caritra kA nirmANa karatA hai ki mana kA vaha samIkaraNa sthAyI rUpa le le| aisA manasvI puruSa sAdhAraNa se asAdhAraNa ho jAtA hai tathA usakI caritra niSThA use sAdhya ke prati pragatizIla banA detI hai| pratyeka vyakti ke vaza meM hai ki vaha apane soe AtmavizvAsa jagAve, svayaM ko zakti puMja banAve tathA asAdhAraNa vicAroM kA dhanI bane / caritra sampannatA kI yahI avasthA manuSya ko mahAna banAtI hai| caritra nirmANa abhiyAna ke prabuddha karmiyoM ko yaha nizcaya banA lenA cAhie ki dhyAna jitanA apane Apase jor3atA hai, utanA hI samasta vizva se bhI jor3atA hai| dhyAna sAdhanA ho yA caritra vikAsa yaha vyakti taka hI nahIM ThaharatA hai - pragati ke sAtha vaha vyakti se samUha aura samUhoM taka phailatA hai, sabhI choTe bar3e ghaTakoM ko prabhAvita karatA hai tathA saghana vistAra ke sAtha dhyAna se caritra kA

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caritra ke zikhara para pahuMcane kA rahasya vaizvIkaraNa ho jAtA hai| yaha satya hai ki kisI bhI sadguNa kA prabhAva sImita nahIM hotaa| vaha vyakti varga yA dharma-sampradAya taka hI nahIM TikatA aura Age se Age bar3hatA rahatA hai| sadguNa ke samAna hI caritra ho yA koI bhI sAdhanA apanI acchAiyoM ke bala para sampUrNa vizva taka phaila sakatI hai| ise usakA svAbhAvika vikAsa hI mAnanA hogaa| dhyAna aura caritra vAstava meM bhinna-bhinna nahIM haiM, donoM abhinna haiM, balki dhyAna ko caritra kA eka ati mahattvapUrNa aMga mAna sakate haiN| to yahI kaheM ki mAnava caritra saMsAra se palAyana karanA nahIM sikhAtA, balki jIvanotthAna kI uccatara zreNiyoM meM sthitaprajJa banAtA hai aura saMsAra ko adhikatama Ananda evaM prema pradAna karane kA pATha par3hAtA hai| sthitiprajJa puruSa nispRha ho jAtA hai aura svayaM ko sAre saMsAra kA banA letA hai| caritrazIla puruSa usa Ananda rasa kA pAna akelA nahIM karatA, sAre saMsAra meM usa sukha ko bAMTatA hai| sabako bAMTakara hI vaha svayaM kI saMtuSTi evaM AnandAnubhUti mAnatA hai| vaha saMsAra ko aisA sukha bAMTatA hai, jo sabako cira muskAna detA hai aura sabakI hara dhUpa-chAMva meM phailI huI khazI ko bikharane nahIM detaa| yahI to mahAnatA kA lakSaNa hai| kyA mahAparuSa apane ApameM kisI varga. samAja yA dharma-sampradAya meM hI simaTe hue rahate haiM? kadApi nhiiN| koI puruSa mahAna hI taba kahalAtA hai jaba apane Adarza se usakA vyaktittva pUre saMsAra meM vistArita ho jAtA hai| mahAnatA samagra mAnavatA kI thAtI hotI hai| pratyeka vyakti saMsAra kI ikAI hai tathA sArA saMsAra usakA apanA hai : ___caritra niSThA jaba caritralInatA kI dizA meM agrasara hotI hai to vyakti ke hRdaya kI vizAlatA evaM udAratA bar3hatI jAtI hai| eka dhyAna yogI yA ki caritra niSTha puruSa apane mUla astittva ke sAtha isa taraha jur3a jAtA hai ki sAre bheda samApta ho jAte haiN| Atma tulyatA kA bhAva usa astittva bodha meM gaharAI se samA jAtA hai| astitva kI samagratA meM na sva bhinna rahatA hai para se aura na para pratIta hotA hai sva se bhinn| pAnI kI bUMdeM kitanI hI alaga-alaga kyoMstra par3I hoM yA dikhAI detI hoM, para astittva kI samagratA ke daura meM pratyeka bUMda sAgaramaya hotI hai-kisI ke bIca koI bheda nahIM rhtaa| astittva samagra hai aura sabako samagra astittva ke prati saMvedanazIla evaM karuNAzIla bananA hI cAhie tathA bane rahanA caahie| ___ eka prazna khar3A kareM ki kyA aisI samagratA kI bAta karanA vartamAna vizva ke pariprekSya meM ucita hai? uttara hai ki Aja isakA aucitya sarvAdhika hai| vizva kI dUriyA~ Aja bahuta simaTI haiM, kintu Aja kI viDambanA hai ki manuSya kI ApasI dUriyA~ itanI bar3ha gaI haiM ki bar3e zaharoM meM vaha apane par3osI se jaya jinendra yA namaskAra bhI vAra-tyauhAra ko hI muzkila se karatA hai| saca yaha hai ki vyakti kA-dUsaroM ko to chor3eM, apane AtmIyoM tathA par3osiyoM ke prati bhI vizvAsa nahIM rahA hai| aise meM use vizva baMdhutva ke prati AsthAvAna banAne kA kArya eka bhagIratha kArya hai aura aisA hI bhagIratha kArya hai vyakti-vyakti ke caritra kA nirmANa tathA vikAsa kArya, kintu yahI kArya Aja pUrI niSThA, lagana aura saMkalpitatA ke sAtha karane kA kArya hai| vyakti ko aisI jaTila zaMkAzIlatA se dUra haTAkara hI mAnavIya mUlyoM kI rakSA kI jA sakatI hai| Aja samaya kI sabase bar3I AvazyakatA hai 577

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sucaritram ki sabake caritra kA usa sImA taka vikAsa kiyA jAe, jahA~ ve apane Atma vizvAsa ko jagA sake aura samagra astittva se apane Apa ko jor3a ske| dhyAna aura caritra sAdhanA se yaha duSkara kArya siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai ki pratyeka mAnava prANI-mAtra ke prati saMvedanazIla evaM mAnavIya bne| ____ yaha saMbhava ho sakatA isa maMtra se ki pratyeka vyakti dhyAna lagAve, hara samaya ciMtana kare isa maMtra kaa| yaha maMtra hai-'maiM isa saMsAra kI eka ikAI hU~, sAre saMsAra se merA saMbaMdha jur3A huA hai, isa artha meM sArA saMsAra merA apanA hai| isa maMtra kA mAtra jApa hI nahIM karanA hai balki isa sthiti ke lie apanA vizvAsa Dhala jAnA caahie| vicAra bana jAnA cAhie ki parivAra, samAja yA jAti hI hama aura hamArA nahIM hai, varan sArA saMsAra hamArA hai| jala, thala, nabha meM koI bhI sthAna aisA nahIM hai, koI bhI prANI aisA nahIM hai, jisase astittva kI dRSTi se hamArA saMbaMdha na ho| sArI vasudhA-pRthvI hamArA parivAra hai| manuSya hI kyoM, cIMTI aura sAre dRzya-adRzya jIva hamArI saMvedanA va karuNA ke pAtra haiN|. peDa-paudhe, phala, phala Adi sAre ekendriya jIva bhI hamAre prema kI apekSA rakhate haiN| kAraNa spaSTa hai| hama sabhI astittva kI dRSTi se eka-dUsare ke sAtha jur3e hue haiN| yaha saMsAra vastutaH pArasparikatA tathA anyonyAzritatA para TikA huA hai| ___ hama dhyAna meM lageM, caritra meM jieM aura apane antaHkaraNa meM sAre saMsAra ko le aaveN| vahA~ sabake lie hitAvaha prema hI lahareM utthaaveN| apane mana kI zAMti aura pavitratA kI vINA se dasoM dizAoM ko jhaMkRta hone deN| yaha udghoSaNA karate raheM ki hama saMsAra ke haiM aura sArA saMsAra hamArA hai| hamArI ora se sabake prati prema, hita evaM sammAna kI bhAvanA hai| hamAre lie koI anajAna nahIM hai| cAritrika dRSTi se hama sabhI eka-dUsare se sambaddha hai-samUce saMsAra ke sAtha jur3e hue haiN| caritra sampannatA aura dhyAna sAdhanA se hamArI saMvedanazIlatA kA itanA vikAsa ho sakatA hai ki hama sva ko saMsAra se abhinna mAna leN| hamArA prema, saMvedana, sahakAra asIma bana jaae| hamArA jo patha hogA, hamArA jo jIvana hogA, vaha svayaM ke lie aura sabake lie svataH samAdhAna mUlaka hogaa| hamArI caritrazIlatA se, hamArI ojasvitA tathA tejasvitA se, hamArI snehilatA va muskurAhaTa se, hamArI ucca mAnasika tathA Atmika avasthA se saMsAra prabhAvita hue binA nahIM rahegA, kAza, hama saMgaThita prayAsa kreN| dhyAnalInatA hai vahI AtmalInatA hai, AtmalInatA hI caritralInatA hai! prema mAnava jIvana aura saMsAra kA AdhAra hai, kyoMki sUparNa vAyumaMDala meM jo ghulA milA bhAva hai, vaha prema bhAva hI hai| prema kI bayAra hI zItala aura sukhadAyinI hotI hai| prema bhASA manuSya hI nahIM, pazu pakSI taka samajhate haiM aura prema meM avaza ho jAte haiN| prema kI tarala dRSTi AMkhoM hI AMkhoM praveza karatI rahatI hai aura hRdaya ke aNu-aNu meM samA jAtI hai| hRdaya meM samAviSTa isa prema kA janma jAnate haiM, kisa zakti se hotA hai? yaha prema dhyAna se janma letA hai| prema vAyu hai to dhyAna aakaash| dhyAna kI vyApakatA se prema kI virATatA abhivyakta hotI hai| dhyAna kI gaharAI meM janmA prema hI jIvana kA gaurava aura caritrazIlatA kA pratIka banatA hai| dhyAna kI gaharAI se janmA prema hI jIvana kI suvAsa hai, caritrazIlatA kA pratIka hai| 578

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caritra ke zikhara para pahuMcane kA rahasya dhyAna se prema janmatA hai aura prema dhyAna kI ora le jAtA hai| prema jo cetanAmaya evaM Atmamaya hotA hai, vahI hArdika hotA hai| vyakti jitanA dhyAna meM DUbatA jAtA hai, vaha apane ko utanA hI premapUrNa pAtA hai| usake prema meM vikAra yA vAsanA kI gaMdha nahIM hotii| vaha prema to dhyAnastha hotA hai| yoM hama hRdaya meM utareMge to sUnA lagegA, lekina hRdaya meM pahuMca kara baiTheMge to aisI Antarika hilore uThegI jo citta ko praphullita banA degii| aise prema ko dhyAna se janmA prema kheNge| aisA hI prema hameM dhyAna kI gaharAI meM utAregA aura jIvana maitrI tathA vizvamaitrI kA sukha degaa| prema vaha hotA hai jo vizva taka phaile aura zAzvata kI jhalaka de| prema vaha hai jisameM para kA nimitta gauNa aura svayaM kI pulaka mukhya ho| isakA artha hai ki dhyAnI aura prema svayaM prema ho jAtA hai| yaha dhyAnalInatA kA utkRSTa rUpa hai| jo dhyAnalInatA hotI hai, vastutaH vahI AtmalInatA hai| manuSya kA antarjajagat hI cetanA kA vaha dharAtala hai jisase usakA jIvana aura jagat saMcAlita evaM prakAzita hotA hai| jo apane antarjagat kA svAmI ho jAtA hai, usakA saMsAra utanA hI premamaya, karuNAmaya, nispRha evaM Anandamaya bana jAtA hai| jisake vaza meM antarjagat kI sampadA hotI hai, samajheM ki saMsAra kA vaha sabase samRddha aura sukha-zAMti kA svAmI hai| antarjagat kA apanA rasa hotA hai, apanA svAda hotA hai aura apanA hI Ananda hotA hai| Atma bodha, Atma-Arogya tathA Atma puruSArtha se yaha Anandamaya avasthA paidA hotI hai, use hI AtmalInatA kahanA caahie| AtmalInatA se hI antarjagat kI racanA hotI hai| yaha hotA hai hamArA apanA nivAsa, hamArA apanA dharAtala, hamArA apanA svarga aura hamArA apanA mukti kA saamraajy| dhyAna rakheM ki dhyAna kI ora-caritra nirmANa kI ora hama apanA caraNa bar3hAkara isI antarjagat kI ora yAne apane ghara kI ora calane kI taiyArI kara rahe haiN| apane ghara meM rahane aura jIne se bar3hakara sukha kaunasA ho sakatA hai? yaha antarjagat hI apanA ghara hai-eka aisA ghara jo atIta ke galiyAroM se gujara kara bhI, bhaviSya ke indradhanuSa saMjo kara bhI samaya ke pratyeka zilAlekha se Upara uThA huA hai| Atma puruSArtha se racita hokara, AtmalInatA se sajjita hokara aura caritralInatA se Adarzita hokara jisa antarjagat kA nirmANa hotA hai, vaha samayAtIta hai| __ samaya manuSya meM parivartana lAtA hai, kintu sAre parivartanoM kA prabhAva paryAyoM para hI par3atA hai| jIvana to eka dhArA hai-cetanA kI dhArA arthAt cit-prvaah| yaha jIvana tattva vyApaka hotA hai| yaha tattva aisA nahIM jo janma se zurU huA aura maraNa para smaapt| jIvana to svayaM hI jIvitatA kAjIvantatA kA vAcaka hai, jisakA jIvanta pravAha kabhI samApta nahIM hotaa| isI pravAha ko pakar3anA hai, kyoMki hama isase dUra chiTake hue haiM, Asakti aura moha meM phaMse hue haiN| dhyAna aura caritra ke mAdhyama se hama cetanA taka pahu~cakara vAstava meM apane Apa taka hI pahuMca rahe haiM aura apane ghara kI hI khoja kara rahe haiN| jIvana to saMgItapUrNa hai, AnandapUrNa hai aura jisane isa jIvana ko nahIM dekhA, usakA sagIta aura Ananda adhUrA hI hai| ___ hama saba to cetanA ke vaha pravAha hai, jaise himAlaya se nadiyA~ nikalatI haiM, pAnI bahatA hai, dharatI ko sarasabja karatA hai, prANiyoM kI pyAsa bujhAtA hai aura gaMgA kA pAnI gaMgAsAgara meM samA jAtA hai| 579

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sucaritram kintu pAnI kI yAtrA samApta nahIM hotii| vaha phira bAda meM bAdala banatA hai, barasatA hai aura jala pravAha bana jAtA hai| ina sAre parivartanoM meM pAnI to sadA apane mUla astittva meM hI rahatA hai| ___ vaise hI deha janma letI hai, bAla-yuvA-vRddha banatI hai aura naSTa ho jAtI hai| lekina phira naI deha paidA hotI hai aura parivartana hote rahate haiM kintu jIvana kA astittva rUpa cetanA kA pravAha to banA rahatA hai| yaha cetanA kA pravAha hI hameM samajhAtA hai ki hama kauna haiM aura hamArA mUla svarUpa kyA hai? jo hama haiM, jo hamArA prANa aura mahAprANa hai, jo hamArA maulika jIvana sattva hai, usake prati hI hamArI dhyAna sAdhanA aura caritra-sampannatA sArthaka bnegii| hamAre nijattva taka to hameM hI pahu~canA hai-apane sacce svarUpa ke prati hameM hI utkaMThita honA hai| apane prati banane vAlI sajagatA hI hameM caritra nirmANa kI ora-dhyAna kI ora, AtmA ke parama dhyeya kI ora unmukha banAtI hai aura yahI sajagatA jIvana meM saMbodhi ke maMgala kalaza kI sthApanA karatI hai| antarjagata ke pathika bana kara hI hama dhyAnalIna, AtmalIna tathA caritralIna ho sakate haiN| VO vijaya - vicAra - kaNa M atIta se zikSA lo, vartamAna kA sadupayoga karo, bhaviSya meM AraNa rkho| 580

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Aja adhikAMza meM vyakti azAnta hai parivAra vikhaMDita hai samAja vikSubdha hai rASTra AtaMkita hai vizva vinAza ke kagAra para khar3A hai| aise meM * vyakti se lekara vizva taka ko| caritrahInatA ke kaMTakAkIrNa patha se - saccaritratA ke pAvana patha para / caraNanyAsa karane kI pRSThabhUmi hai 'sucaritram' kI pavitra avadhAraNA * vyakti se lekara vizva taka ko aMdhakAra se nikAla kara sucaritra ke prakAza meM AloDana viloDana maMthana kaa| sahaja suavasara sulabha karA rahA hai 'sucaritram' AvaraNa DijAina : mInala kaTAriyA, mumbii| www.fireflydesigns.in

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'sucaritram' kyA ? roga rahita tana tanAva rahita mana anIti rahita dhana hiMsA rahita bartana karkazatA rahita vacana vikAra rahita nayana phaizana rahita vasana vilAsitA rahita jIvana bhraSTAcAra rahita AcaraNa ADambara rahita sAdhana