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________________ mUkamATI - mImAMsA tRtIya khaNDa sampAdana DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI
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________________ mUkamATI - mImAMsA 'mUkamATI' para kendrita vividha AyAmI samIkSAoM ke prastuta saMkalana 'mUkamATI-mImAMsA' meM samIkSakoM ne prayAsa kiyA hai ki Alocya grantha kA kathya ubharakara pAThakoM ke samakSa spaSTa rUpa se A jaay| etadartha dharma, darzana, adhyAtma, kAvya Adi vibhinna koNoM se use dekhA-parakhA gayA hai| svayaM racanAkAra mAnatA hai ki jaina prasthAna ke kucha mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana hetu isa kRti kA sRjana huA hai| yaha vaha sRjana hai jisakA sAttvika sAnnidhya pAkara sAmAnya bhI viziSTa ho gayA hai, rAga bhI vairAgyaparyavasAyI ho gayA hai| isakA prayojana sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanItika, dhArmika, dArzanika kSetroM meM praviSTa avAMchita sthitiyoM ko nirmUla karanA aura yuga ko zubha saMskAroM se saMskArita kara bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a dekara vItarAga zramaNa saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA hai| samIkSakoM ne AcAryazrI kI ina mAnyatAoM kA apane vaicArika Aloka meM pallavana, sampoSaNa evaM saMvardhana kiyA hai| ye samIkSAe~ pATha yA pAThakavAdI dRSTi se nahIM, apitu kRtikAra kI kRti ko kendra meM rakhakara isa prakAra prastuta huI haiM ki jijJAsu evaM rasika pAThaka racanAkAra ke kahe-anakahe kI gaharAiyoM se saMvAda lAbha kara ske| samIkSakoM ne isa kAlajayI kRti meM nihita jahA~ jIvana kI cirantana, UrdhvamukhI, sAttvika vRttiyoM evaM gahana dArzanika pakSoM kA anAvaraNa kiyA hai vahIM samakAlIna samasyAoM ke saMketoM ko bhI vistRta pIThikA para vivecita aura samIkSita kiyA hai| yuga kI arthalipsA, yazolipsA, ahaMkArika aura AtaMkavAdI samakAlIna udagravRttiyoM para svayaM racanAkAra evaM samIkSakoM kI samIkSaNa vRtti rekhAMkanIya hai| ukta cirantana evaM adyatana samasyAoM aura unakI samAhitiyoM kI vibhinna sthitiyoM ke atirikta sAhitya zAstra ke gambhIra adhyetAoM ne pakSa-pratipakSa pUrvaka isake prabandhatva yA mahAkAvyatva para talAvagAhI AloDana-viloDana kara batAyA hai ki prastuta kRti eka zAstrakAvya hai| mahAkAvya kA sandarbha Ate hI nAyaka-nAyikA, usakI prakRti, bhAva-rasa kI vividha starIya sthitiyA~, kathAnaka kI saMzliSTatA, AdhikArikaprAsaMgika kathAoM kA saMyojana jaise vastugata pakSoM ke sAtha usake kalAtmaka pakSa kA bhI vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| kRti meM racanAkAra kA vAkpATava, AlaMkArika bhaMgimA, bhASA para usake apratima adhikAra ko bhI suspaSTa kiyA hai| vizvAsa hai, yaha saMkalana racanAkAra se pAThaka kA saMvAda karAtA huA apane dAyitva kA samagratA meM pratyAzita nirvAha kara skegaa| ISBN 978-81-263-1409-6(Set) 978-81-263-1412-6 (Vol. III)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA ('mUkamATI' mahAkAvya para samAlocanAtmaka AlekhoM kA saMgraha) tRtIya khaMDa
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA ('mUkamATI' mahAkAvya para samAlocanAtmaka AlekhoM kA saMgraha) tRtIya khaNDa sampAdaka DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI bhAratIya mAnacIta . bhAratIya jJAnapITha
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________________ ISBN 978-81-263-1409-6 (Set) 978-81-263-1412-6 (Vol. III) mUkamATI-mImAMsA (tIna khaNDoM meM) ('mUkamATI' mahAkAvya para samAlocanAtmaka AlekhoM kA saMgraha) Mookmati Meemansa (in 3 Vols.) tRtIya khaNDa sampAdaka DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI sampAdana sahAyaka DaoN. Ara. DI. mizra, DaoN. zakuntalA caurasiyA, DaoN. saralA mizrA prabandha sampAdaka maMDala sureza sarala (jabalapura), santoSa siMghaI (damoha) nareza divAkara (sivanI), subhASa 'khamariyA' (sAgara) mUrtidevI granthamAlA hindI granthAMka 40 prakAzaka bhAratIya jJAnapITha 18, insTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI roDa, nayI dillI-110003 lejara TAipaseTiMga dilIpa jaina 'guDDA', besTa kampyUTarsa, sAgara (ma. pra. ) citrAMkana : prakAza mANikasA rAULa, aMjanagA~va surjI (mahArASTra ) AvaraNa- citra : saMjIva zAzvatI, AvaraNa-sajjA : candrakAnta zarmA mudraka : vikAsa kampyUTara aiMDa priMTarsa, dillI- 110 032 (c) bhAratIya jJAnapITha prathama saMskaraNa: 2007 tRtIya khaNDa, mUlya 450 rupaye tInoM khaNDa, mUlya 1100 rupaye Published by Bharatiya Jnanpith 18, Institutional Area, Lodi Road New Delhi-110 003 First Edition: 2007 Volume III, Price: Rs. 450 Full set, Price : Rs. 1100
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________________ udbhAvanA apane sthApanAkAla se hI jJAnapITha bhAratIya cintanadhArA ke vividha AyAmI pakSoM ko kendrita kara likhe jA rahe samagra samakAlIna sAhitya kI kAlajayI racanAoM ko prabuddha pAThakoM taka le jAne kI agraNI bhUmikA nibhAtA A rahA hai| yaha saba isalie ki isase hindI bhASAbhASI pAThaka to lAbhAnvita hoMge hI, isake mAdhyama se vibhinna bhAratIya bhASAoM ke racanAkAroM evaM sajaga pAThakoM ke bIca tAdAtmya bhI sthApita ho sake, paraspara vaicArika pratikriyA aura AdAna-pradAna ho ske| isa sandarbha meM ullekhanIya hai ki zramaNa saMskRti ke unnAyaka AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ne dharma, darzana aura adhyAtma ke sAra ko AdhAra banAkara sAmAjika pariprekSya meM sama-sAmayika samasyAoM ke nivAraNa kI maMgala bhAvanA se hindI meM 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA sRjana kiyA thaa| bhAratIya jJAnapITha ne bar3I tatparatA se isa gauravagrantha kA prathama saMskaraNa 1988 meM prakAzita kara ise bRhat pAThaka samudAya taka pahu~cAne kA kArya kiyA thaa| yaha kRti itanI lokapriya ki san 2006 taka isakI ATha AvRttiyA~ ho cukI haiN| isI grantha kA marAThI anuvAda 'mUkamAtI' bhI jJAnapITha se prakAzita ho cukA hai| isake a~grejI, bAMglA aura kannar3a anuvAda bhI mudraNa kI prakriyA meM haiN| AtaMkavAda, ArakSaNa vaM dalita samasyAoM ke samAdhAna tathA dahejaprathA, arthalipsA jaisI sAmAjika kurItiyoM kA nirmUlana evaM vyaktitva ke vikAsa kI prakriyA kA nirdhAraNa isa racanA kA mUlabhUta prayojana mAnA jA sakatA hai| vizeSatA yaha hai ki isake lekhana meM taponidhi kA santa-svabhAva kriyAzIla rahA hai| yaha jAnakara hama sabhI ko sukhada Azcarya hogA ki isake vyApaka pracAra-prasAra evaM viSayagata bhAvoM ke sahaja sampreSaNa hone ke phalasvarUpa deza ke vibhinna vizvavidyAlayoM ke antargata AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ke vipula vAGmaya sambandhI 41 zodhakAryoM meM se 'mUkamATI' para aba taka 4 DI.liT., 22 pI-eca. DI., 7 ema. phila. ke zodha-prabandha tathA 2 ema. eDa. aura 6 ema.e. ke laghu zodha-prabandha likhe jA cuke / rahe haiM 1 isa kAlajayI kRti para aba taka jina vikhyAta samIkSakoM ne kRtikAra kI mAnyatAoM evaM kAvya ke vaiziSTya kA apane vaicArika Aloka meM jisa taraha AloDana - viloDana kiyA hai aura ise Adhunika bhAratIya sAhitya kI, vizeSarUpa se hindI kAvya - sAhitya kI, apUrva upalabdhi mAnA hai, usa prabhUta sampadA ko bhI pAThaka taka preSita karane kA hamArA kartavya bana jAtA hai| hindI ke labdhapratiSTha sAhityakAra tathA sAhitya akAdemI, nayI dillI ke pUrva saciva DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave ke pradhAna sampAdakatva meM sampUrNa bhArata ke lagabhaga 300 samAlocakoM ne 'mUkamATI' ke vibhinna pakSoM para apanI kalama calAyI thii| unake Akasmika dehAvasAna ke kAraNa, bAda meM prastuta grantha 'mUkamATImImAMsA' ke pRthak-pRthak tIna khaMDoM vAle isa samIkSA grantha kA kuzala sampAdana vikrama vizvavidyAlaya, ujjaina
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________________ vi:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ke pUrva hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa evaM mUrdhanya vidvAna AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI ne kiyA hai| bhAratIya jJAnapITha unake prati apanI kRtajJatA vyakta karatA hai| isa bRhad grantha ke prabandha sampAdaka maMDala kA dhanyavAda ki pAMDulipi taiyAra karAne se lekara usake prakAzana ke lie apanI pratyakSa evaM parokSa rUpa se sevAeM pradAna kii| anta meM paramapUjya AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja ke zrIcaraNoM meM hamArA namana, ki unake AzIrvAda se hI yaha kArya sahajarUpa se sampanna huaa| hamane apanI ora se prayAsabhara grantha kI sAja-sa~bhAla aura usake sundara prakAzana meM tatparatA baratI hai| phira bhI isa dizA meM koI truTi yA kamI raha jAtI hai to suvijJa pAThaka usa ora hamArA dhyAna AkarSita kareMge, tAki agalI AvRtti meM usakA yathAsambhava zodhana kiyA jA ske| __ zubhaM bhuuyaat| -sAhU akhileza jaina nayI dillI prabandha nyAsI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha 11 janavarI 2007
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________________ 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke racayitA digambara jainAcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja
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________________ AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja se vArtAlApa karate hue 'mUkamATI-mImAMsA' ke sampAdaka DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : zabda se zabdAtIta taka jAne kI yAtrA AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI se bhUtapUrva sampAdaka DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave kI 'mUkamATI' para kendrita bAtacIta sthAna- 'tyAgI bhavana', zrI digambara jaina moThe mandira ke nikaTa, itavArI bAjAra, nAgapura, mahArASTra caitra zukla navamI - rAmanavamI divasa, vIra nirvANa saMvat 2517, vikrama saMvat 2048, ravivAra, 24 mArca 1991 IsvI [ saMketa - pra. mA. - prabhAkara mAcave, A. vi. - AcArya vidyAsAgara ] - pra.mA. 'mUkamATI' zIrSaka grantha yA mahAkAvya likhane kI preraNA Apako kahA~ se aura kaise huI ? kyoM huI ? maiMne yaha isalie pUchA ki jaina purAkhyAnoM meM, kathAnakoM meM vasundharA yA pRthivI ke prati, miTTI ke prati aisI kyA bAta thI jisane Apako isa taraha se itanA bar3A mahAkAvya likhane kI preraNA dI ? - A. vi. - hA~, hamane socA ki kAvya aura usameM bhI adhyAtmaparaka kAvya kA mUla viSaya sattA - mahAsattA ho, use nAnA ucita hogA / adhyAtma kI nIMva isI mahAsattA para rakhI jA sakatI hai, jo vyApaka hotI hai / ise anta:preraNA hI kahA jA sakatA hai| 'paMcAstikAya' grantha ( gAthA 8) meM kahA gayA hai : "sattA savvapayatthA savissarUvA aNaMtapajjAyA / bhaMguppAdadhuvattA sappaDivakkhA havadi ekkA / / ' yAnI sabhI padArthoM meM sattA vidyamAna rahatI hai| vaha vizva yAnI aneka rUpa hai, ananta paryAyAtmaka hai, utpAdavyaya - dhauvyazAlI hai aura vaha eka hai tathA pratipakSadharmayukta hai| pra. mA. - yaha mahAsattA kyA aNu se Arambha hotI hai ? A. vi. - hA~, vaha aNu meM bhI hai aura mahat meM bhI hai| vaha saba meM vyApta hai| vaha guNa meM bhI hai aura paryAya meM bhI hai / vaha guNavat bhI hai aura paryAyavat bhI hai| vaha apane Apa meM dravyavat bhI ho sakatI hai yAnI sarvAMgINa bhI ho sakatI hai / samaSTi yA vyaSTi se koI matalaba nahIM - vaha sarvavyApI hai / jahA~ kahIM bhI hai, usa sabako sat se jor3ate calanA cAhie / pra. mA.- jaba Apa 'sattA' ko 'dravya' kahate haiM to vaha kyA aura kaisA hotA hai ? A. vi.-'dravya' yahA~ usako kahate haiM jo 'guNa' va 'paryAya' kA AdhAra hotA hai| [('guNaparyayavad dravyam', tattvArthasUtra, 5/38) / yaha dravya bhI sat hai ('utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat' (tattvArthasUtra, 5/30) yAnI yahA~ pratyeka vastu meM sattA vidyamAna hai aura vastu utpAda-vyaya- dhrauvya yukta hai / vastu utpAda-vyayazAlI bhI hai aura sthira bhii| vaha nitya bhI hai aura anitya bhI / deza - kAlajanya pariNamanazIla dharma 'paryAya' hai aura vastusattA meM eka rasa vidyamAna rahane vAlA dharma 'guNa' hai / ] to 'dravya' jo hai, vaha jIva ke rUpa meM raha sakatA hai evaM ajIva ke rUpa meM bhI ho sakatA hai| lekina 'sat' jo hai vaha jIva aura ajIva - ubhayatra vidyamAna hai| aise hI eka tattva ko pratIka banAkara hamane socA ki isa mAdhyama se sArabhUta jo hai, vaha saba kahA jA sakatA hai| pra. mA. - aNu se manu taka kI jo yAtrA hai, mRNmaya se cinmaya taka kI jo yAtrA hai - jisako hama meTAmaoNrphosisa/ TraoNnsphaoNrmezana (Metamorphosis / Transformation) yAnI rUpAntaraNa kahate haiM, vaha yAtrA kisa prakAra sampanna hotI hai ? kyoM hotI hai ? ye Apake mata se kyA hai ? yaha kaise gayA ? yaha jo ghaTa hai - miTTI kA
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________________ vili :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ghar3A, isameM AkAza kaise A gayA ? A. vi. - isameM AkAza rUpa pariNamana karane kI-matalaba AkAza ko avagAhita karane kI aura AkAza meM avagAhita hone kI, donoM taraha kI kSamatA vidyamAna hai / isI ko 'sattA' kahA jAtA hai / arthAt vaha eka bhI hai evaM aneka bhI hai; sat bhI hai aura asat bhI / vaha sabake sAtha jur3I huI hai-'sA pratipakSA'pi vidyate, sA vizvarUpA'pi vidyate / sA ekA'pi anekA'pi vrtte|' pra. mA.- aura isake ye nAma rUpAtmaka haiM ? AkAra - Ayatana kaisA hai ? A. vi.- apane bhItara jo anaginata sambhAvanAe~ haiM, ve sabhI sat meM vidyamAna haiM aura unake AkAra ko 'paryAya' kahate haiN| ve saba pratIka banAkara vyakta kI gaI haiM 'mUkamATI' meN| dUsarI bAta yaha bhI hai ki ye saba vyApaka hokara bhI, patita se pAvana hone kI jo yAtrA hai - nIce se uThakara utthAna kI ora agrasara hone kI jo hamArI AdhyAtmika yAtrA hai, isameM saba kI saba samAhita ho jAtI haiN| kAraNa, aise kisI nagaNya yA tuccha vyaktitva ko hama le leM aura tuma pAvana nahIM bana sakate, aisA sunakara bhI jo pAvanatA kI sIr3hI para car3hane kA prayAsa karatA hai to spaSTa ho jAyagA ki saba meM pAvanatA kI sIr3hiyoM para car3hane kI sambhAvanAeM haiN| miTTI aise hI eka vyaktitva kA pratinidhitva karatI hai| pra. mA.- to Apa jo miTTI aura kAMcana ke - ye do ghar3e lAe haiN| usameM usake mRNmaya evaM dhAtumaya kAMcana ke banAne se ApakA koI vizeSa uddezya nahIM hai varan yaha ki ghaTatva donoM meM vyApta hai, ata: ghaTa donoM eka haiM, yaha Azaya A. vi.- nahIM, nahIM, una donoM meM ghaTatva kI vyApti dikhAkara unheM eka batAne kA uddezya nahIM hai, varan uddezya hai U~ca-nIca dikhAne kaa| pra. mA.- U~ca aura nIca kyA cIja hai ? yaha U~ca-nIca banAne vAlA kauna hai ? A. vi.- yaha U~ca-nIca kI bhAvanA manuSyoM ke mastiSka kI upaja hai| phira tadartha kucha na kucha sambodhana to denA Avazyaka hai / mere pAsa aura kucha vastu yA padArtha nahIM hai jo isako avahelita karane vAlA vyakti kucha pA sake / isIlie isako hamane kAMcana kA rUpa de diyaa| kaMcana aura mRNmaya hamAre lie samAna haiM, yaha ThIka hai, parantu saba ke lie to ye samAna nahIM haiN| jisake pAsa samAnatA nahIM, viSamatA hai, usako bhI kama se kama mahAnatA kA bodha ho jaay| pra. mA.- isameM Apane 'AtaMkavAda' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| isameM kAMcana kA ghaDA AtaMka karAne vAlA bana jAtA __ hai| isa AtaMka se Apake mana meM kahIM usa AtaMka kA bhI saMketa vidyamAna hai, jo Aja isa deza meM cala rahA hai ? kyA isa AtaMkavAda kA bhI koI bhAva Apake mana meM hai ? A. vi.- hA~, usakA bhI bhAva, sambandha hai| pra. mA. - to Apa kyA socate-samajhate haiM ? kaise AtaMkavAda kA mukAbalA kara sakate haiM ? usakA samAdhAna kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? kaise ho sakatA hai ? kyA ho sakatA hai ? A. vi.- AtaMkavAda ko miTAne ke lie pahale hameM yaha bhI dekhanA hogA ki AtaMkavAda kA prAdurbhAva kaise huA ? pra. mA.- kAraNa kI taha meM jAnA hogaa| A. vi.- vaha kAraNa yahI hai ki kahIM na kahIM zoSaNa huA hai, kahIM na kahIM anAdara yA avahelanA huI hai / usake astitva ko nakArA gayA hai| tabhI isa prakAra kI ghaTanAeM ghaTatI haiM, yaha bhI to hameM socanA caahie|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: ix pra. mA.- aba dekhie, yahA~ para jo nava bauddha loga haiM, dalita loga haiM, harijana loga haiM, ve mAnate haiM ki hajAroM varSoM se unheM damita yA dalita kiyA gayA hai, unakA anAdara huA hai| isase unake mana meM eka hIna granthi paidA ho gaI hai| so aba ve vaisA hI nahIM rahanA cAhate haiM / ve ArakSaNa karavAte haiM ki hamAre adhikAra jyoM ke tyoM raheM aura hama nava bauddha bhI raheMge, sAtha hI adhikAra bhI leNge| yaha kahA~ taka ucita hai ? A. vi.- vikAsa kA dvAra sabake lie udghATita honA caahie| lekina vikAsa idhara-udhara se nahIM AegA apitu usI meM hogA / hama usameM nimitta bana sakate haiM, sahayogI ho sakate haiN| hA~, yadi vaha hamAre sahayoga kA durupayoga karatA hai to vaha ThIka nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| vaha baccA jisake pAsa buddhi hai, usake lie hama upakaraNa juTA sakate haiN| isa taraha sahayoga kara sakate haiN| yadi vaha kamajora buddhi kA hai to vizeSa prabandha kara sakate haiM / lekina jo vikAsa hI nahIM karanA cAhatA hai aura usI avasthA meM rahakara vikasita vyakti kI tulanA meM apane Apako (ArakSaNa kI ) baisAkhI para biThAnA cAhatA hai, isase to avarodha hI paidA hogaa| avarodha to hogA hI, ulaTe jo mUlyavAn padArtha yA vyakti hogA, usakA avamUlyana ho jaaegaa| sAtha hI jo mUlyavAn nahIM hai usako bhI mUlya denA par3egA / dAridrya kA hI svAgata karanA par3egA / pra. mA. - Aja to deza bhara meM yahI saba dekhane meM A rahA hai, dikhAI de rahA hai| prajAtantra ke nAma para athavA sattA, sampatti aura saMsthA ke nAma para hama vo kArya kara rahe haiM jisase ki avamUlyana hI ho rahA hai / A. vi. - Apane (do dina pUrva ) jo tIna bAteM kahIM thIM - sattA, sampatti aura saMsthA... pra. mA. - to ina para bhI vicAra honA caahie| 'sattA' se rAjasattA nhiiN| isa sandarbha meM sattA, sampatti aura saMsthA - tInoM ko maiM eka bahuta bar3A kaMcuka mAnatA hU~ / inase manuSya kI AtmA kA bahuta bar3A hanana hotA hai| yaha bAta maiMne pahale bhI kahI hai| maiM yaha kahanA cAhatA hU~ ki prajAtantra se kyA Avazyaka rUpa se vaha hogA, jo Apa kahate haiM ? barnArDa zaoN ne kahA hai : "DemokresI ija mIDiyAkresI"- acche jo loga haiM, guNavAn jo loga haiM - Apa jaise jo loga haiM, una sabako nIce utarakara unake sAtha honA hogA, honA cAhie yA saba eka-se ho jAe~ge / sArA pAnI mailA hogA yA ki jo mailA pAnI - nIce ke jo loga haiM, ve sacamuca ke bar3e ho jAe~ge ? isa prajAtAntrika prakriyA meM Apa kyA socate haiM ? mA. vi. - buddhi kI apekSA se, Arthika dRSTi se aura sAtha hI zArIrika Adi dRSTi se bhI unakI jo yogyatAe~ haiM, vahA~ taka unakA mUlyAMkana honA caahie| isakA artha yaha nahIM ki unakA jo mUlya ho use bhI naz2araaMdAz2a kiyA jAya / kisI kA sarvathA avamUlyana ThIka nahIM / pra. mA. para ho to yahI rahA hai| mA. vi. - avamUlyana se to vaha saba eka prakAra se samApta hI ho jAyagA / pra. mA. - Aja to voTa kI rAjanIti hai / prajAtantra meM saMkhyA kA hI mahattva hai, ginatI kI hI mahattA hai| ginatI yA saMkhyA meM to nirakSara loga hI jyAdA haiN| maiM to samajhatA hU~ ki Aja kA jo rAjya hai vaha nirakSaroM kA, nirakSaroM ke lie, nirakSaroM dvArA calAyA jAne vAlA rAjya hai| ye saMkhyA vAle aura nirakSara hote jAe~ge, bajAya isake ki ye sAkSara hoM - samasyA yaha hai / . vi. - lekina sAkSara hone mAtra se kyA hotA hai ? sAkSara hone ke uparAnta bhI yadi ve viloma ho gae to ? kahA gayA hai : " sAkSarA: viparItAzcet rAkSasAH santi kevalam " - sAkSara viloma bhI ho sakate haiM aura aisA hone para ve kevala 'rAkSasa' hI hoMge / matalaba isa ora bhI apane ko dekhanA Avazyaka hai / sattA bahuta jaldI karavaTa
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________________ x:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA letI hai / sattA tabhI sattA hai jaba vaha sahI-sahI cala ske| pra. mA.- sArI zaktiyoM kI yahI sthiti hai| pahale jo tAnAzAhI hotI thI - cAhe vaha hiTalara kI ho, sTAlina kI ho ___yA saddAma kI ho.... A. vi.- saMyama to baratanA caahie| pra. mA.- prAcIna RSiyoM ne jo 'da-da-da' kahA thA - vaha ThIka hI thA - dAna, dayA aura damana / damana karanA saMyama hI hai aura saMyama dhAraNa karanA Aja bahuta Avazyaka hai| ___acchA, yaha batAie ki Aja kI pIr3hI meM, Aja kI zikSA meM jo kucha ho rahA hai - jaise ApakA grantha par3hA aura bhI mahAkAvya par3he, bahuta sArI pustakeM par3hI - to kyA isa par3hAI se saMyama kI zikSA prApta hogI, saMyama kI bhAvanA paidA hogI aura bar3hegI? kyoMki Aja kI par3hAI ko dekhakara aura par3hane vAloM meM AcaraNa kI giratI sthiti ko dekhakara hitacintaka manISI becaina haiN| unheM saMyama kI dIvAla DhahatI-sI dikhAI de rahI hai| maiM Apa sabake muni samAja aura anya saMghoM meM gayA, sabhAe~ bhI suniiN| para sarvatra isakI kamI lakSita ho rahI hai| logoM meM saMyama kA abhAva bar3ha rahA hai| rAmakRSNa Azrama bhI gayA / para nae loga isakI ora nahIM A rahe haiM / kAraNa, yaha mArga kaThina hai / isa mArga ko sahasA koI nahIM apanAtA / to kyA koI sarala upAya kiyA jA sakatA hai jisase sarvasAdhAraNa meM saMyama kI zikSA adhika se adhika dI jA sake ? jaise svAmI vivekAnanda ne bhI kahA aura anya logoM ne bhI kahA ki yaha kaThina mArga hai, isakA saralIkaraNa kaise ho? A. vi.- aisA hai ki do mArga nirdiSTa haiM apane yahA~ / eka rupayA hai (jo pUrNa hai-usameM sau pAI yAnI paise haiM) aura dUsarI eka pAI hai| pAI kI yAtrA yA mAtrA(saMkhyA) eka pAI se Arambha hokara ninyAnave pAI taka calatI hai / ina sabako hama pAI hI ginate haiN| isameM Apa kahIM bhI phiTa ho sakate haiN| isakI tulanA meM jo rupayA hai- usameM sau pAI cAhie hI caahie| to yadi sau nahIM ho sakate to kama se kama pAI ko to hama surakSita rakheM - jo ho sake vaha to kareM (pUrNa na ho sakeM to kyA aMza bananA hI chor3a deM ?) / eka pAI meM dUsarI pAI jor3I jA sakatI hai| isa taraha eka se do, do se tIna to ho sakate haiN| isa krama se dhIre-dhIre bar3he to ApakI yAtrA usa eka pUrNa kI ora honI hI cAhie, bar3hanI hI caahie| pra. mA.- isakA abhiprAya yaha ki saMkhyA yA mAtrAtmaka parivartana se hama guNAtmaka parivartana kI ora bar3he ? A. vi.- jI hA~ ! guNAtmaka parivartana kI ora dhIre-dhIre bddh'eN| pra. mA. - kArla mArksa kA yaha kahanA hai : "kvAnTiTI cenjez2a kvAliTI"- saMkhyA se guNAtmaka parivartana hotA hai / ho jAtA hai| kahanA yaha hai ki guNAtmaka parivartana honA caahie| A. vi.- guNAtmaka parivartana - jaise, do aura do milakara cAra ho jAte haiM aura do meM eka milA do, phira eka milA do - isa taraha do bAra dhana karane se bhI cAra ho jAte haiN| kahane kA Azaya yaha hai jo guNita na kara sakeM, vaha dhana kara ke yAnI jor3akara kareM para RNa to na kara deM (matalaba ghaTAe~ na, baDhAte hI jA~ya / vaha guNana kI paddhati se na ho sake to dhana ke krama se hI ho jaay)| pra. mA.- jI hA~, yaha bahuta acchI bAta kahI Apane / Aja to RNa kI hI sambhAvanAe~ jyAdA haiN| antararASTrIya vizva baiMka kA RNa bhI to usI kA pratIka hai, jahA~ se RNa lete haiM hama / A. vi.- Aja RNa se hI hamAre sAre kArya ho rahe haiN| pra. mA.- jI hA~ ! aba maiM ApakA dhyAna isa 'mUkamATI' kAvya kI ora phira AkRSTa karanA cAhatA hU~ / Apane mukta
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xi chanda hI kyoM cunA, isa kAvya ke lie ? Apake [jaina prasthAna ke] ve jitane pAramparika kAvya haiM - cAhe prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta yA hindI ke bahuta se kAvya hoM- mukta chanda meM itanA bar3A kAvya bahuta kama logoM ne likhA hai| 'kAmAyanI', 'urvazI', 'sAketa' bhI chandobaddha hI haiM / hariaudhajI ke kAvya bhI aise hI haiN| 'rAmAyaNa' yA 'rAmacaritamAnasa' bhI aise hI haiN| ye sabhI chandobaddha hI haiN| Apako kyA mukta chanda meM koI suvidhA lagI? kAraNa batAe~ge ? kyA kAraNa hai ? A.vi.- isameM eka to sUtrabaddhatA yAnI sUtra racanA jisako bolate haiM, usakI suvidhA mila jAtI hai jo hameM isameM dekhane ko milI / chanda jaba banAte haiM taba usameM sUtrAtmakatA nahIM A pAtI, bhale hI geyatA A jAtI hai para sUtrAtmakatA nahIM A pAtI / sUtra meM aisI kSamatA rahatI hai ki usake mAdhyama se hama saMkSepa meM bahuta kucha artha kaha lete haiN| eka suvidhA to yaha hai / dUsarI, chanda meM tukabandI Adi-Adi punarAvRtti jaisI lagatI hai| isase usameM kucha kRtrimatA bhI A jAtI hai| hama lAkha prayatna kareM kintu usakA nivAraNa nahIM kara pAte para vaha avAMchita vyAghAta yA sthiti A hI jAtI hai| pra. mA.- Apake chanda meM jyAdAtara dvayakSara-prAsa A jAtA hai / telagu aura kannar3a meM bhI ye dekhane ko milatA hai| Apane kauna-kauna se mahAkAvya par3he haiM yA dekhe haiM yA kinase prabhAvita hue haiM, jo Apake lekhana meM preraNAsrota bana sake haiM ? A.vi.- mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM hindI kA to maiMne koI mahAkAvya nahIM dekhA / pra. mA. - nahIM, apanI bhASA meM ? saMskRta, prAkRta meM yA kisI anya bhASA meM ? A.vi.- nahIM, hamane zrI guru mahArAja (AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja) ke dvArA likhita jo mahAkAvya haiM, unakA unhoMne hI apane zrImukha se adhyApana karAyA thaa| unakA 'jayodaya' mahAkAvya hai, 'vIrodaya', 'sudarzanodaya' Adi mahAkAvya haiM, inake atirikta unake anya bhI jo saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha grantha haiM, unase par3hA karate the| isa prakAra saMskRta bhASA ke sAtha-sAtha hindI bhI apane Apa A gaI hai| pra. mA.- Apane 'kAmAyanI' bhI nahIM par3hI ? A. vi.- guru jI ne yaha kahA thA ki pahale saMskRta sIkho, usake sAtha-sAtha yaha saba A jaaygaa| pra. mA. - aMgrez2I bhI Apa par3hate haiM yA nahIM ? A. vi. - hA~, thor3I-bahuta par3ha letA huuN| pra. mA. - zrI aravinda kA 'sAvitrI' mahAkAvya bhI nahIM dekhA ? A. vi.- use sAhityika DhaMga se (mUla meM) nahIM pddh'aa| 'mUkamATI' sRjana ke pUrva to nahIM, kintu tatpazcAt anUdita rUpa meM dekhA hai| pra. mA. - kAphI acchA grantha hai| usakA anuvAda bhI hindI meM huA hai| usakI gaNanA bIsavIM zatI ke acche granthoM meM hotI hai / to yaha 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya svata: sphUrta paddhati se likhA gayA hai| acchA, yaha batAie ki isameM jo cAra khaNDa Apane rakhe haiM, isakI bhAvanA Apake mana meM kahA~ se AI ? A. vi.- nhiiN| maiMne pahale cAra khaNDa nahIM banAe / pahale to dhArApravAha AdyopAnta yoM hI likha gyaa| bAda meM mahasUsa huA ki yaha pAThakoM ke lie asuvidhAjanaka ho sakatA hai, phalata: koI kATa-chA~Ta to nahIM kI, kintu prasaMgoM ko lekara bhinna-bhinna zIrSaka avazya race / aba ina ko (zIrSakoM ko) nikAla bhI dete haiM to bhI isakI nirantaratA bhaMga nahIM hotI, dhArA nahIM TUTatI / vaha aviruddha banI rahatI hai| sAtha hI yadi bhinna-bhinna
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________________ xii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA zIrSaka rakha bhI dete haiM to pAThaka thor3A vizrAma jaisA anubhava kara letA hai| pra. mA.- acchA, aba merI jijJAsA paMca tattvoM ke sambandha meM hai / Apane jala, miTTI, sUrya-prakAza-agni, vAyu aura AkAza-inakA prayoga isameM rUpakAtmaka paddhati para kiyA hai yA ki koI aura paddhati para aura kisI anya artha meM kiyA hai ? inheM kevala bhautika paMca tattva ke rUpa meM na lekara kisI pAtra kA pratIka banAkara hI nahIM varan unakA mAnavIkaraNa kiyA hai, kahIM-kahIM divyIkaraNa bhI kiyA hai| ataH aba yaha batAie ki ina tattvoM ke sambandha meM jaise miTTI Adi kahA to isake bAre meM ApakA mata kyA hai ? arthAt unake sAtha jo esosiyezansa (sAhacarya) banate haiM yA kahalAte haiM manovijJAna meM, ve kyA haiM ? ApakA 'miTTI' se kyA matalaba hai ? sacamuca hI miTTI athavA koI zarIra yA miTTI kA ghar3A ? kyA Azaya hai ApakA ? A. vi.-'miTTI' kA artha itanA hI liyA gayA hai ki vaha eka anagar3ha padArtha hai| pra. mA.- jisameM bahuta sAre kaMkar3a bhI mile haiN| A. vi.- jI hA~ ! bahuta kucha mikcara (mizraNa) hai, to unakA saMzodhana karake jisa prakAra ghar3e kA rUpa diyA jAtA hai usI prakAra anagar3ha AtmAe~, jo ki anantakAlIna haiM, unako bhI koI viziSTa zilpI kA yoga mila jAtA hai aura vaha svayaM miTTI ke samAna usake prati samarpita hotA calA jAtA hai to vaha bhI nizcita rUpa se kumbha ke samAna maMgalamaya ho jAtA hai yA bana sakatA hai| pra. mA.- yaha usakA upAdAna kAraNa hai yA nimitta ? A. vi.- jI hA~ ! usakA upAdAna kAraNa to vaha svayaM hai| svayaM miTTI hI loMde ke rUpa meM parivartita hogii| zilpI kA (nimitta-preraka nimitta) yoga pAkara yaha parivartana hogaa| isako apane yahA~ upAdAna evaM nimitta kAraNa bolate haiN| pra. mA.- yAnI kumbhakAra jaba kumbha banAtA hai to usakA Azaya yaha ki kumbha jo hai vahI kumbhakAra ko banA rahA hai| A. vi.- jI hA~ ! jI hA~ !! pra. mA.- isameM dvandvAtmaka prakriyA hai / to isa miTTI ke loMde se jo AkAra ubharA hai ghar3e kA, usakA kyA karanA hai ? kyA yaha pahale se kumbhakAra ke mana meM rahatA hai yA banatA jAtA hai ? usake bAda usakA upayoga hotA hai| A.vi.- hA~ ! kumbhakAra kA isameM uddezya rahatA hai, kyoMki usake mAdhyama se vaha apanI jIvikA calAtA hai| rahA kumbha, usakA matalaba yaha hai ki jo miTTI ke rUpa meM thA, vaha kumbha ke rUpa meM parivartita ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra guru aura ziSya kA sambandha hai / guru ke mAdhyama se ziSya kA utthAna hotA hai / ziSya yadi cAhegA to pAegA / usameM pAtratA A gaI hai| pra.mA.- aba maiM sRSTikartA aura sRSTi kI bAta karanA cAhatA hU~, jisakA bAra-bAra Apa ullekha karate haiM / kyA jo sRSTikartA hai vaha kumbhakAra hai aura jo sRSTi hai kumbha-vaha kyA hai ? maiM yaha jAnanA cAhatA hU~ ki vaha kisa cIja se sRSTi banAtA hai ? vaha apane andara se upajAtA hai, sRSTi banAtA hai yA koI bAhara kI cIz2a hai jisase banAtA hai ? isa viSaya meM dArzanikoM meM bahuta UhApoha aura vAda-vivAda rahA hai / jaba zaMkarAcArya se pUchA gayA ki Apake yahA~ sRSTi kyoM aura kaise banI yA banAI gaI ? to vaha yuktisaMgata uttara nA de ske| kAraNa, vaha to nirIha hai, ata: usa parama sattA meM koI icchA hI nahIM aura binA icchA ke kriyA kaise hogI ? phira vaha pUrNakAma hai, ata: use koI abhAvAtmaka prayojana bhI nahIM, phira sRSTi kyoM banAI ? jaba unako bahuta cher3A gayA to uttara diyA-"lokavattu lIlAkaivalyam" (brahmasUtra,2/1/33)-jisa prakAra loka meM niSprayojana lIlA kI jAtI hai, kyoMki lIlA kA prayojana svayaM lIlA hI hai, vaise hI paramezvara ne kI hai yaha
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xiii saba lIlA / aura cher3A gayA to unhoMne kahA- 'sRSTi eka bhrama hai|' vaha vAstava meM bhrama yA ajJAna yA mAyA kI upaja hai / kahane ke lie unhoMne yaha saba kaha diyaa| ApakI dhAraNA kyA hai ? ApakI dRSTi kyA hai? kisa cIja se sRSTi banAI gaI hai ? A. vi.- sRSTi yadi racanA hai, isalie sRSTi apane Apa meM eka karma hai / mAna lo kArya hai / to kisI kA hogA / aba kisI kA hai to kisakA hai ? yaha prazna to nizcita uThegA / koI kahegA vaha kartA Izvara hai, koI kahegA bhagavAn hai aura koI kahegA mahAvIra hai, Adi-Adi / aisI sthiti meM pratyeka sat ke bhItara jo anagina sambhAvanAe~ haiM, ve saba nakAra dI jaaeNgii| ye sArI kI sArI sambhAvanAe~ usa Izvara para AdhArita ho jAe~gI aura yadi aisA mAna bhI leM to bhI hameM santuSTi nahIM milegii| asantuSTi kA kAraNa yaha hai ki yadi Izvara kartA hai to usane aisI viSama sRSTi kyoM banAI ? usameM samAnatA kyoM nahIM ? koI raMka hai to koI rAjA kyoM ? isalie Izvara ko kartA kaise mAnA jAya? sRSTi meM yaha vyatyAsa kI prakriyA banI hI kyoM ? isase lagatA hai ki yaha prakriyA banI hI nahIM, kisI ne banAI bhI nhiiN| jar3a aura cetana meM antara vyApta hai, vyatyAsa hai| cU~ki jIva karma karatA hai to rAga-dveSa Adi bhI karatA hai| isa prakAra karmabandha hone ke pazcAt usI karma kA puna: udaya hotA hai / aura usakA phala vaha svayaM bhogatA hai / jar3a yaha svayaM nahIM karatA / pra. mA.- malataba usa kumbhakAra ke mana meM koI maoNDala nahIM thA / usane pahale koI ghar3A nahIM dekhA thA aura usane apane mana se nayA bnaayaa| yaha naI maulika udbhAvanA hai ? kahA~ se AI ? A. vi.- nahIM, yaha udbhAvanA kharIdadAra kI cAha ke anurUpa hai, vaha jo cAhatA hai usake anurUpa hai| pra. mA.- oha! A. vi.- grAhaka ko dekhakara hI dukAnadAra ko jJAta hotA hai ki dukAna meM kahA~-kahA~ kyA rakhA hai ? jaba grAhaka kahatA hai ki use kucha de do to dukAnadAra jijJAsA karatA hai ki use kyA de de ? usakI dukAna meM to hajAroM sAmAna bhare par3e haiM, tumheM kyA cAhie / yahI dRSTAnta isa sandarbha meM bhI lAgU hotA hai / yahA~ kevala kumbhakAra nahIM cAhatA, loMdA svayaM batA detA hai ki mujhe isa prakAra kA AkAra deN| pra. mA.- 'kAmAyanI' meM aura kazmIrI zaivadarzana meM bAra-bAra icchA, jJAna aura kriyA kI bAta AtI hai / sRSTi ke mUla meM ina tInoM kA sAmarasya rahatA hai| icchA to saba meM hotI hai para tadanurUpa jJAna saba meM nahIM hotaa| to icchA aura jJAna ke bAda kriyA kA arthAt heDa, hArTa aura haiNDa - dimAga, dila aura hasta ina tInoM kA jaba (samarasa) sambandha hotA hai, tabhI unase sRSTi kI bAta sambhava hotI hai / parantu Apane yahA~ jo bAta kahI hai, usa sandarbha meM nirAkAra yA sAkAra - jaisA bhI kumbhakAra mAnA jAya, kyA usameM icchA pahale se rahatI hai ? jJAna rahatA hai ? kriyA karane kI icchA rahatI hai? yA usameM tInoM eka sAtha udbhUta rahate haiM ? Apake mana meM kyA vicAra hai ? A. vi.- mA~ jo hotI hai, usakI apanI koI icchA nahIM hotii| pra. mA.- vAha ! vAha !!-bahuta acchA uttara Apane diyaa| A. vi.- sAmane jaba usakA baccA AtA hai, khAnA mA~gatA hai to khAnA khilA detI hai| peTa bhara jAne para yadi vaha khelanA cAhatA hai to svayaM sAtha meM khelane bhI lagatI hai| pra. mA.- vAha ! hamAre guru paNDita mAkhanalAla caturvedI apane ko 'mA~' likhA karate the| 'mujhako kahate haiM mAtA' unhoMne kavitA likhI thii| sArI kavitA ko ve isI taraha mAnate rahe / yaha milatI-julatI prakriyA hai|
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________________ xiv :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA A. vi.- kavi ko bhI isI taraha honA par3atA hai| yadi nahIM hotA, yuga ke anurUpa apanI tasvIra nahIM banAtA to vaha kavi hI nahIM hai| pra. mA.- vAha ! kyA bAta hai| A. vi.- to isakA (kavi kA) koI artha nahIM hai, kyoMki phira yuga kaisA legA usako / maiM apanI tarapha se de dU~ to yuga svIkAra nahIM kregaa| ApakI cAha ke anurUpa hama deMge to nizcita rUpa se vaha svIkArya ho jaaygaa| pra. mA.- ApakI yuga kI jo kalpanA hai kyA vaha dik aura kAla se ba~dhI hai? kauna-sA yuga ? kyA Aja kA yuga yA prAcIna yuga ? mahAbhArata kA yuga yA rAma kA yuga-kyA ? A. vi.- yuga hama hamezA 'vartamAna' ko hI mAnate haiN| pra. mA.- vartamAna' zabda kI kyA paribhASA hai ? isa kSaNa se agalA kSaNa kyA vartamAna nahIM hai ? A. vi.- jisameM bhUta nahIM, bhaviSya nhiiN| pra. mA. - haaN| A. vi.- jahA~ icchA nahIM, smaraNa nahIM, usakA nAma 'vartamAna' hai- 'vartate iti vrtmaanH'| vaha hI vartamAna hai hamArA / jo vartamAna hai, vahI vardhamAna hai hmaaraa| pra. mA.- vAha ! vAha !! kyA bAta hai jo vartamAna hai, vahI vardhamAna hai| buddhi se usakA sambandha hai| bahuta acchA / parantu jo bhUta hai usako hama bhUla bhI nahIM skte| vaha (bhUta) usa (vartamAna) meM milA huA hai| TI. esa. iliyaTa ne likhA hai : "The past is involved in future and future and past in the present." - ye trikAla jo hai, eka pravahamAna nadI hai / hamAre cetana, acetana, ardhacetana meM ye sAre kSaNa-kSaNa jo haiM- to kSaNavAdI darzana ke jo bauddha loga haiM, ve mAnate haiM ki kSaNa hI pradhAna hai| jabaki hamAre zaMkarAcArya yA unase bhinna jo anya haiM usako (sat ko) kUTastha, acala aura dhruva arthAt usako eka nizcita kSaNa mAnate haiN| ata: kAla ke sambandha meM ApakI kyA avadhAraNA hai ? A. vi.- kAla ke mAdhyama se hama karate haiM, kAla meM karate haiM kintu kAla ke dvArA hama nahIM krte| pra. mA.- manuSyatva se kAla koI alaga cIja hai ? A. vi.- kAla alaga cIz2a hote hue bhI eka 'sva-kAla' hotA hai aura eka 'para-kAla' hotA hai / eka sva-catuSTaya (sva-dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva) aura eka para-catuSTaya (para-dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ) hotA hai / apanI yogyatA hI 'sva-kAla' hai aura para kA sahayoga jo apekSita hai, vaha para-kAla' hai| pra. mA.- ina donoM kA sambandha kaise hotA hai ? A. vi.- ina donoM kA sambandha usI prakAra hotA hai-jaise karaMTa aura tAra / karaMTa sva-kAla hai| karaMTa svayaM prakAzamAn hai aura jo vAyara hai usake lie para-kAla hai / vAyara ke binA vaha (karaMTa) eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna taka nahIM jA sakatA / para vaha sAdhana (upakaraNa) mAtra hai / svayaM vaha preSita nahIM karatA mAtra mIDiyama/mAdhyama hai| yadi hama cAhate haiM to jitanI gati ke sAtha karaMTa daur3egA vaha usakI apanI kSamatA hogii| pra. mA.- to kAla karaMTa hai aura manuSya mIDiyama ? A. vi.- nahIM, kAla kevala vAyara hai aura karaMTa jo hai vaha svayaM gatimAn padArtha hai / jIva cetana hai / vaha svayaM yAtrA karegA to usake lie kAla sahayoga karegA / kAla ke dvArA karaMTa (jIva) nahIM daur3a rahA hai| pra. mA.- to isakI pratyabhijJA kaise hotI hai, jJAna kaise hotA hai ?
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xv A. vi.- hameM kyA karanA hai, kahA~ taka calanA hai-vaise karate cale jaaeN| yaha Avazyaka hai / jaise, vartamAna ko lekara hama cleN| eka vyakti tAra ke Upara cala rahA hai| vaha atIta kI ora, pITha kI ora nahIM dekhatA / isa prakAra hone se bhUta bhI usakA gAyaba ho gayA evaM vartamAna kI ora bhI vaha dekhatA nahIM, lekina vartamAna meM hI vaha cala rahA hai| paira usake vartamAna haiN| pra. mA.- bhaviSya? A. vi.- bhaviSya AzAtmaka nahIM hai / pahu~cane rUpa hai / prati (hara) samaya vaha cala rahA hai| isalie bhaviSya usakA nizcita rUpa se ujjvala hai / loga use dekhate rahate haiM aura vaha pAra kara jAtA hai| pra. mA.- mArksavAdiyoM kA kahanA hai ki pratikSaNa jaba Apa eka-eka kadama calate haiM to ApakA jo dAhinA paira hai vaha bAe~ paira kA niSedha hai aura jaba agalA paira calegA taba dAe~ paira kA niSedha hogA arthAt niSedha kA niSedha, nakAra kA nkaar| A. vi.- lekina hama donoM paira se nahIM calate haiM, eka hI paira se calate haiN| dUsarA paira hamAre lie sahayogI rahatA hai, vaha TikA huA rahatA hai| ye dhana aura RNa haiN| pra. mA.- yAnI dhana aura RNa do alaga-alaga karaMTa nahIM haiM ? A. vi.- alaga-alaga karaMTa nahIM haiN| vaha donoM kI saMyojanA hai| karaMTa donoM kI saMyojanA hai| na kevala dhana meM karaMTa hai aura na kevala RNa meN| pra. mA.- unakA dvandva nahIM hai| A. vi.- nahIM, sahayoga hai / donoM paira se hama caleMge to hama 'lA~ga jampa' vAle kahalAe~ge yA 'hAI jampa' vAle kahalAe~ge kintu 'vAkiMga' (walking) vAle nahIM khlaaeNge| pra. mA.- bahuta acchA / A. vi.- eka paira se hI calA jAtA hai aura taba dUsarA paira baileMsa meM rahatA hai| pra. mA.- maiksamUlara ne rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa para jarmana meM eka pustaka likhI hai| usameM bahuta acchA likhA hai / usameM likhA hai ki DAyalekTika (Dialectic) jo hai yA paraspara dvandvAtmakatA jo hai, usameM eka dUsare ko kATane kI bAta hai yAnI nakAra kA nakAra / bhAratIya darzana meM yaha kATa-pITa nahIM hai, yahA~ mAtra Dialogue hai| A. vi.- hA~ saMyojana hai, DAyalekTika nahIM hai| jaise kheta meM bahuta-sA sasya hai| usameM havA bahatI hai, taba vaha eka dUsare meM saMcAra karatI hai, eka dUsare ko kATatI nhiiN| pra. mA.- jaise ikabAla ne kahA hai : "jiyo, magara mauz2oM kI taraha jiyo|" eka lahara AtI hai vaha dUsarI lahara ko kATatI nahIM varan eka dUsare ko Age bar3hAtI huI Age calI jAtI hai / ApakA darzana bhI isI taraha socatA A. vi.- jI hA~! pra. mA. - phira bhI mujhe yaha spaSTa nahIM huA ki yaha kAla kA jo ApakA avabodha hai, kAla kI jo ApakI parikalpanA hai, usakA 'dik se yAnI dizA se kyA sambandha hai aura una donoM kA kAvya se kyA sambandha hai ? A. vi.- dizA eka prakAra se "sahI dizA kA prasAda hI/sahI dazA kA prAsAda hai|" (draSTavya, pR. 352) pra. mA.- vAha ! vAha !! 'mUkamATI' meM hai yaha ? A. vi.- jI hA~ ! 'mUkamATI' meM hai| yahI dizA hai / dik kA artha dizA nahIM, bodha hai|
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________________ xvi:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA pra. mA.- to phira Apa ke cintana meM rASTra zabda nahIM AegA ? kyoMki rASTra zabda dizA se ba~dhA hai kisI sImA meN| 'kisI dizA meM - isakA artha kyA hogA ? A. vi.- rASTra apane yahA~ eka prakAra se saMyojanA jo kucha banatI hai, usakA nAma hai / vahI hai deza / 'samAja' ko kendra meM rakhakara jo vicAradhArA banatI hai vaha hai samAjavAda / samAja samUha artha kA vAcaka hai aura samUha kA artha hai-sam yAnI samIcIna rUpa se Uha arthAt vicAra / matalaba jahA~ AcAra-vicAra samIcIna hoM, vaha hai samAja / jo isa vAda meM AsthA rakhatA hai vaha hai samAjavAdI / anyathA samAja to bAda meM hai-hama samAjavAdI (pahale) haiN| pra. mA.- bahuta acchA ! kintu deza-deza meM Apasa kA jo vitaNDA yA vikhaNDana hai, vaha bhI vicAraNIya hai isa sandarbha meM / yaha to eka tathya yA satya hai ki bhArata eka deza hai| usake Aja tIna khaNDa ho gae haiM - bhArata, pAkistAna aura bAMglAdeza / yaha vibhAjana-jo dik se jur3A hai vahA~ hai yA hamAre cintana yA avadhAraNA meM hai? A. vi.- hamAre vicAroM meM vighaTana kA nAma hI deza kA vibhAjana hai / deza meM koI vibhAjana huA hI nhiiN| yaha vicAroM ___ kA vighaTana hai| isa vibhAjana ko vicAroM kA hI vighaTana bolA jAtA hai| pra. mA.- vicAroM kA vighaTana ! to ApakA kyA khyAla hai ki vicAroM kA yaha vighaTana samApta ho jAyagA ? kyA sArI duniyA~ eka ho jAyagI? A. vi. - eka ho yA na ho, eka hone kI bhAvanA yA vicAra hama rakheMge to nizcita rUpa se dUsare meM bhI sambhAvanA dekha sakate haiN| pra. mA.- pahale bhArata eka thA / hama dekha rahe haiM ki vikhaNDana kI kriyA bhayAnaka rUpa se cala rahI hai / bar3ha rahI hai| dekha lIjie- asama, paMjAba, tamilanADu, jammU-kazmIra Adi isake udAharaNa haiN| A. vi.- isameM kAraNa eka mAtra hai ki Upara se hama ekatA bhale cAhate hoM lekina bhItara se nahIM cAhate / pra. mA. - hA~ ! yaha ekatA kA jo hama pracAra Adi kara rahe haiM, yaha sirpha pracAra hai| aba, hama kavitA kI ora Ate haiN| kAvya dik-kAlAtIta hotA hai yA dizA aura kAla se ba~dhA hotA hai ? A. vi.- kavitA svAzrita hotI hai / svAyatta hotI hai / isakA dizA-kAla se koI sambandha nahIM hai| pra. mA.- svAzrita (hotI hai kavitA) ! usakA kyA dizA-kAla se koI sambandha nahIM? A. vi.- koI nhiiN| pra. mA. - para udbhUta to hotI hI dizA meM hI, dizA-kAla se hii| A. vi. - 'sva' meM (yA 'sva' se) udbhUta hotI hai| pra. mA. - para bhASA se to ba~dhI hai ? A. vi.- hA~! bhASA se bA~dhanA par3atA hai| jaise janma hone ke bAda AvaraNa yA AbharaNa A jAtA hai| pra. mA.- bhASA to digambara nahIM ho sakatI / bhASA ke sAtha to dizA-kAla ba~dhA hai| A. vi.- bhASA kI paribhASA bhI eka prakAra se digambara jaisI hI hai| hama banA dete haiM to bana jAtI hai, nahIM to nahIM hai| bhItara se bhAva yahI hai ki bhAva hamezA utpanna hote rahate haiM aura bhAvoM ko hamezA vyavasthita rakhane ke lie bhAvoM ko, bhASA ko apanAnA par3atA hai / vaha apanAnA kahA~ taka hai, yaha Apa hI jAneM / para hamArA rAjakumAra to rAjakumAra hI hai, rUpavAn hai| bAda meM bhale hI vastra rakha do to rakha do, nahIM bhI rakho to hamArA
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________________ rAjakumAra to rAjakumAra hI hai| pra. mA.- kyA bAta hai ! 'svAzrita' jaba Apane kahA to isameM kavitA kA koI bhAvaka, koI sAmAjika, koI rasajJa, koI usakA grahaNa karane vAlA bhI abhihita hai yA nahIM ? kyA Apa yaha mAnakara calate haiM ki maiMne kAvya 'svAntaH - sukhAya' likha diyA / vaha havA meM yA zUnya meM rahe, koI na bhI par3he to paravAha nahIM ? A. vi. rasoiyA jo hai na, vaha pAkazAstra ko jAnatA hai / pAkazAstra jAnane vAlA vyakti apane 'pAka' ko dUsaroM taka pahu~cAne kI koziza avazya karatA hai / pra. mA. - karatA hI hai| matalaba dUsarA hai usake mana meM ? A. vi. - hA~ ! lekina dUsarA hai, isalie mana meM hai, aisA nahIM / vaha apane meM utpanna karatA hai ki jo khAne ke lie AyA, usako pUchane nahIM jAtA ki Apako kyA cAhie yA kaise banAU~ / hA~, jitanA khAnA hai, utanA khA lo / lekina maiM banAU~gA to apane rasa pAkajJAna se banAU~gA / pra. mA. - 'svAzrita' meM 'para' yaha jo hai usakA svAda lene vAlA hai, svAdaka nihita hai / A.vi. - 'sva' ke sAtha vaha bhojana to kara hI rahA hai, sva ke sAtha dUsaroM ko bhI lAbha ho jAya to ThIka hai, kintu vaha gauNa hI hai / pra. mA. - kyA Apa kavitA ko saMvAda nahIM mAnate ? A. vi. - nhiiN| pra. mA. - kevala AtmAbhivyakti mAnate haiM ? A. vi. - nhiiN| vo to saMvAda meM A hI nahIM sakatA / mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xvii pra. mA. - saMvAda se merA matalaba hai - sampreSaNa / yAnI koI aura hai jisase maiM bAta karanA cAhatA hU~ / A. vi. - 'vad' dhAtu se 'vAda' banA hai to phira kavitA lie vad se jur3A hI nahIM / pra. mA. - hA~ ! hA~ !! vAda, vivAda, saMvAda, pravAda Adi / to vAda yA bhASA jaisA Apa kaha rahe haiM, vaha kevala AtmAbhivyakti hai yAnI svAbhAvika hI hai / * A. vi. - isIlie 'mUkamATI' meM likhA hai - parAvAk, pazyantI, madhyamA aura vaikharI / ye cAroM haiM lekina ye sAre ke sAre yogIgamya haiM, mAtra vaikharI hI zrotrendriya kA viSaya bana pAtI hai| - pra. mA. kAvya kA anta mujhe aisA lagA ki Apane kucha jaldI kara diyaa| mujhe samajha meM nahIM AyA ki anta meM kyA hotA hai isa ghar3e ko lekara ke mUkamATI kA / A. vi. - usakI pUrNatA ho gii| usakI yAtrA pUrNa ho gaI mauna meM / vaha mauna meM lIna hai aura jaba pUrNatA ho jAtI hai, to anubhUti A jAtI hai| jaba anubhUti ho jAtI hai taba vacana ko, vAkya ko virAma milatA hai|'' phira bolanA, kyA bolanA ? pra. mA. - yaha jo ApakI dhAraNA hai vaha bahuta kucha jhena bauddha dharma ke nikaTa hai| maiM bahuta se jhena bauddha maThoM meM gayA / maiMne vahA~ dekhA hai ki ve loga pattharoM ko jamA kara lete haiM aura baiThe rahate haiM aura socate haiM ki jharanA hai / candramA kI tarapha dekhate haiM aura ghaNToM baiThe rahate haiM, bAta nahIM karate haiN| khAlI kapa meM pAnI rahatA hai use thor3A-thor3A pIte haiN| samajhate haiM ki cAya pI rahe haiN| ye jo jhena hai, vaha 'dhyAna' se niSpanna hai| unakA kahanA hai ki jaise hAtha para hAtha mAreM to AvAja hotI hai, vaise hI eka hAtha se bhI AvAz2a AnI caahie| ve varSoM kevala isI AvAz2a ko sunate haiM havA meM / mere lie yaha vicitra sthiti hai ki 'jo hai, usako hama nahIM hai' taka le jAte haiN| vANI
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________________ xviii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ko mauna taka le jAnA zUnya kI ora le jAnA hai| A. vi.- nhiiN| zUnya kI ora nhiiN| vahI vAstava meM eka sahI, satya taka pahu~cAne kI yAtrA hai / zabda bolane meM AtA hai aura sunane meM bhI AtA hai / bodha bolane meM nahIM AtA, sunane meM nahIM AtA lekina bodha ko vANI milI, aisA kaha dete haiM / to zabda-pratyaya se artha-pratyaya yAnI bodha-pratyaya hotA hai / pra. mA.- isameM 'zodha' aura 'bodha' Apane kahA hai| A. vi.- isake uparAnta 'zodha' AtA hai / zodha meM zabda bhI gAyaba ho jAtA hai aura bodha kahatA hai ki bahuta paMgu hU~ maiM, kyoMki usa phUla kA nAma hai bodha aura per3a kA nAma hai zabda / to zabda ke paudhoM ke Upara bodha ke phUla lageM, yaha koI niyama nhiiN| pra. mA. - usakI surabhi to hai ? A. vi.- isake uparAnta bodha ke pAsa bhale hI surabhi ho lekina tRpti kA sAdhana phUla nhiiN| zodha meM surabhi bhI hai aura phala bhii| hamAre kAma meM to donoM Ate haiN| isalie jaba taka bodha hai, taba taka zodha nahIM / bodha ko hI zodha meM DhalanA hogA yAnI phUla ko phala meM DhalanA hogaa| kintu dhyAna rahe-phUla kA rakSaNa ho aura phala kA bhakSaNa ho| pra. mA.- vAha ! vAha !! to yaha zabda se zabdAtIta taka jAne kI yAtrA hai / isa 'mUkamATI' sambandhI eka jijJAsA mere mana meM aura thI ki manu aura aNu-ye zabda prayoga kie haiM Apane / to aNu ke sphoTa ko lekara ke Aja vizva meM jisa taraha kI bAteM ho rahI haiM, usa sandarbha meM ApakA mata kyA hai ? aNu kI jo zodha kI jA rahI hai, usase manu ko kucha lAbha hogA ? manu kucha Age bar3hegA? A. vi.- nahIM / vaha rokI jAe, aisA maiM nahIM kaha rahA hU~ / lekina aNu kA prayoga kyoM kiyA jA rahA hai ? aNu kA prayoga karane vAlA manu kI paramparA ko lA~ghegA to Ananda nahIM le skegaa| svayaM AiMsTIna ne yaha kahA ki maiMne aNu kA zodha kiyA hai, yaha nizcita bAta hai, lekina prayoga karane ke lie nahIM kahA / prakRti para hama prayoga kareMge to nizcita rUpa se hamArI hAra hogI aura jaba taka manuSya kA dila aura dimAg2a ThikAne hai taba taka ye eTama bama, hAiDrojana bama Adi hamArA kucha bhI bigAr3a nahIM kreNge| lekina jisa dina yaha mastiSka/mana vikRta ho jAyagA vaha hamAre lie AtmanAzI hogA / isalie prayoga ke lie nahIM kahA hai| yoga rakhie, prayoga nhiiN| pra. mA.- parantu kavi to yaha mAnatA hai ki vaha sadA viyoga meM rahatA hai : "viyogI hogA pahalA kavi Aha se upajA hogA gAna / umar3a kara A~khoM se cupacApa bahI hogI kavitA anjaan|" isa duniyA kI sArI kavitA atRpti se hI phUTI hai| A. vi.- bahuta acchA / sunie ! vaha jo yoga-saMyoga va viyoga ke ulajhana meM pha~sA hai, vaha nizcita rUpa se, niyoga rUpa se yoga kA AdhAra nahIM le sakatA aura yadi yoga kA AdhAra nahIM le sakegA to usake upayoga meM vizva kyA hai, yaha A hI nahIM skegaa| pra. mA. - yahA~ para logoM kA yaha kahanA hai ki yaha to santoM kA mArga hai / muniyoM kA mArga hai / yahA~ mukta hokara Apa mauna kI ora, parama mokSa kI ora jaaeNge| A. vi.- nahIM, nahIM, nhiiN| pra. mA. - parantu becArA kavi jo hai vaha darda meM chaTapaTAtA rahatA hai : "darda kA hada se guz2aranA hai davA ho jaanaa|"
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xix A. vi.- jo yaha kahA hai ki darda, davA aura havA - inheM hameM dekhanA Avazyaka hai / jaba havA se kAma nahIM calatA taba davA kAma meM AtI hai aura jaba davA se kAma nahIM calatA taba duA kAma AtI hai| lekina ye bilakula bAharI jagat kI bAta ho gaI / jaba duA kAma nahIM AtI usa samaya hameM kyA karanA ? kauna-sA AdhAra hai ? kisa kI zaraNa meM jAe~ aura kauna-sA hamArA eka sahArA yA stambha ho ? nizcita bAta to yaha hai ki jaba duA kAma nahIM karatI taba parama cetanA- zuddha Atmatattva - svayambhuvA kAma karatI hai| pra. mA. - to Apane, mahAkAvya jo hai, yaha ekadama preraNA huI aura likha diyA aisA hai ? kitanA samaya lagA likhane meM? A. vi.- lagAtAra likhate gae, lagabhaga paune tIna varSa* lge| pra. mA. - pahale se koI DhA~cA banAyA thA yA phira banatA calA gayA ? A. vi.- DhA~cA to kucha nahIM banAyA / basa prArambha ho gayA aura banatA gayA / pra. mA. - jaise kumbha banatA calA gyaa| A. vi.- jI hA~ ! eka kathA pUrNa karanI hai apane ko / ata: vahA~ taka ghaTa ko le jAnA hai / isalie banAte cale jAo / taduparAnta kumbha jo hai vaha jala-dhAraNa bhI karatA hai aura jala se pAra bhI karA detA hai / to jala se pAra bhI karA diyA yAnI pUrNa yAtrA ho gii| pra. mA.- to Apake isa kumbha meM jo jIvana hai, jala hai - kyoMki maiM abhI paMca tattva kI bAta kara rahA thA, miTTI kI bAta hamane bahuta kara lI- aba yaha jIvana jo tattva hai, kyA ye bhI eka amUrta tattva hai yA ebsaTrakTa tattva hai ? yA pAnI jisako Apa kaha rahe haiM, kumbha ke andara jo nIra AtA hai, pAnI hai, salila hai, vAri hai, jo bhI zabda kaheM - ye dRzya haiM ? spRzya haiM ? kaisI cIja haiM ? yA kevala yaha dhAraNA hai ? A. vi.- jala bhI eka tattva hai / jala ko apane yahA~ jala ke hI rUpa meM aMgIkAra kiyA aura 'bhU' ko saba kI bhUmikA ke rUpa meM aMgIkAra kiyA hai| pra. mA. - usa dina (do dina pUrva huI bAtacIta ke samaya) Apane dharatI ko 'sarvasahA' yAnI gandhavatI, pRthivI, bhUmA kahA thA to jala ko Apane eka calAyamAna, gatizIla tattva ke rUpa meM aMgIkAra kiyA aura bhUmi ko sthitizIla? * 'mUkamATI' grantha Alekhana prArambha - zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra pisanahArI kI mar3hiyA, jabalapura, madhyapradeza meM Ayojita ho rahe grantharAja SaTkhaNDAgama vAcanA zivira'(caturtha) ke prArambhika divasa-bIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn munisuvratanAthajI ke dIkSAkalyANaka divasa-vaizAkha kRSNa dazamI, vIra nirvANa saMvat 2510, vikrama saMvat 2041, budhavAra, 25 apraila 1984 ko| samApana- zrI digambara jaina siddhakSetra nainAgirijI, chatarapura, madhyapradeza meM Ayojita zrImajjinendra paMcakalyANaka evaM traya gajaratha mahotsava ke daurAna kevalajJAna kalyANaka divasa- mAgha zukla trayodazI, vIra nirvANa saMvat 2513, vikrama saMvat 2043, budhavAra, 11 pharavarI 1987 ko| prakAzana- 'mUkamATI' (mahAkAvya) - AcArya vidyAsAgara, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 18, insTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI roDa, nayI dillI 110003, pahalA saMskaraNa-1988, pRSTha-24+488, mUlya-50 rupae, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa-2004, mUlya-140 rupe| Aano /
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________________ XX :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA A. vi. - hA~ ! sthitizIla, dhAraNazIla, pAlanazIla, kSamAzIla aura tAraNazIla hai / dharaNI- "jo dhAraNa karatI hai yAnI dharaNI- NI radha / " athavA "tIra para jo dharane vAlI hai vaha dharatI - tIra ...dha / " (draSTavya, pR. 452-453) pra. mA. - vAha ! vAha !! to ina do tattvoM meM, jala aura miTTI meM, Apane 'agni tattva' ko kisa taraha istemAla kiyA ? A. vi - agni ko jalAne ke rUpa meM bhI loga aMgIkAra kara lete haiN| lekina jalAne vAlI sArI cIjeM hamAre lie bAdhaka haiM, aisA nahIM hai / svayaM hI ghar3A kahatA hai ki mujhe jalA do, kyoMki tumhAre dvArA maiM jaba taka nahIM jalU~gA, taba taka merI yAtrA pUrNa nahIM hogI / aura aisA mata soco ki tuma mujhe 'jalA' rahI ho / nahIM, vAstava meM tuma mujhe 'jilA' rahI ho| mere bhItara jo doSa haiM, una doSoM ko jalA rahI ho / una doSoM ko jalAe binA merI jIvana yAtrA sambhava nahIM / merI jIvana yAtrA kA vikAsa tumhAre jalAne ke Upara hI hai / ata: tuma ni:saMkoca hokara jalA do, maiM jalane ke lie taiyAra huuN| to agni ko isa rUpa meM aMgIkara kara liyA / pra. mA. - nyAya yA vaizeSika Adi darzanoM meM ghar3e ke nirmANa ke samaya yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki agni meM eka-eka kaNa jalatA calA jAtA hai| kucha loga kahate haiM ki ikaTThA bana jAtA hai / ApakA kyA kahanA hai ? A. vi. - koI bhI kArya jo hotA hai taba yadi hama 'niSpanna dazA' ko lekara calate haiM to 'pIche kA' gauNa ho jAtA hai| lekina 'pIche ko' gauNa ke sAtha hama yadi nirAkRta kara deM to hamAre hAtha kucha nahIM lagatA / pra. mA.- thor3A spaSTa kIjie ise / A. vi. - jaise kisI ne ema. e. kiyaa| to solaha ( 11+3+2) kakSAe~ uttIrNa karane ke uparAnta usake pAsa gurutva AyA / kisI eka viSaya ke Upara adhikAra A gyaa| yaha nizcita bAta hai| lekina yadi prathama kakSA, dvitIya kakSA Adi-Adi pAsa nahIM karatA to solahavIM kakSA koI vastu to hamAre sAmane nahIM rahatI / prathama kakSA, dUsarI kakSA Adi kA sArA jJAna saMyojita hokara hI to ema. e. kahalAtA hai / pra. mA. - to ye sTepa bAI sTepa hotA hai ? ghar3e kA nirmANa bhI sTepa - bAI sTepa huA ? ekadama nahIM ? A. vi. - ekadama nahIM hotA / pra. mA. eka dama agni ke praveza se nahIM bana jAtA, aisA nahIM hotA / merI eka jijJAsA yaha thI ki yaha ghar3A jo nirmita huA, usameM pAnI ke aMza aura AkAza kI kyA sthiti hai ? A. vi. - AkAza kI sthiti yaha hai ki usane pAnI ko avagAhita karane kA avakAza de diyA / dUsarA yaha ki ghaTAkAza, paTAkAza kA jaba vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai to usakA Azaya yaha nahIM hotA ki vaha saba AkAza kA nAma hai, apitu vaha ghaTagata AkAza hai, paTagata AkAza hai / jisa sthAna para ghar3e ne apane ko sthApita kiyA hai, usa sthAna para sthita ghaTa meM jo AkAza hai, vaha ghaTAkAza hai| use ghaTAkAza mAna liyA gayAanyathA, vahA~ AkAza kI koI bAta nahIM / - pra. mA. - yahA~ Apane speza (Space) yA dik jo hai yA kham - isa tattva ko mAna liyA / abhI Apane kahA thA ki... A.vi - hA~, mAnA hai| dik-kAlAtIta nahIM hai / ghaTa kI sthiti jo hai / pra. mA. - yahA~ Apane kahA thA ki ghaTa kI yAtrA dik-kAlAtIta nahIM hai, amUrta nahIM hai ? A. vi. jI hA~ ! kAla batAne ke lie ghaTa kAraNa to hai| aura isakI prakriyA meM kAla sahayoga bhI de rahA hai| isakI vyavasthA bhI hamane batAI / lekina kAla ko hI saba kucha mAna leM yA sthAna ko hI saba kucha mAna leM to ghaTa -
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xxi kA astitva hI samApta ho jaaygaa| pra. mA. - 'kAmAyanI' gata zaiva darzana meM icchA, jJAna aura kriyA- ye tIna zabda maiMne pahale kahe the / ina tInoM ko Apa kyA eka samajhate haiM ? eka sAtha mAnakara cala rahe haiM ? A. vi.- pratyeka kriyA meM koI sahayoga Avazyaka hotA hai / vaha to apane Apa calatA hI rahatA hai / hama bola rahe haiM to isa samaya vacana-vargaNAe~ A hI rahI haiM, mana ke mAdhyama se vicAra bhI cala rahA hai| pra. mA.- parantu, akele manuSya yA sAmUhika manuSyoM ke vikAsa meM pahale icchA rahatI hai, phira jJAna AtA hai aura phira kriyA bahuta bAda meM hotI hai, aisA prANIzAstra vijJAna kahatA hai / isameM avasthA bheda se-choTepana se bar3epana meM yA ki eka AdivAsI samAja meM aura eka atyanta sampanna Aja kA jo yAntrika samAja hai, isake bIca meM jo kucha parivartana hotA hai, usake sambandha meM Apake kyA vicAra haiM ? . A. vi.- isa sambandha meM to yaha hai ki pratyeka vyakti prArambha meM AdivAsI hokara hI AdinAtha bhagavAn kA upAsaka banatA hai aura phira AdinAtha bana jAtA hai / lekina anya dazAoM kA vaha ekadama gauNIkaraNa kara detA hai| pratyeka AdamI jaba pahalA qadama rakhatA hai, usa samaya vaha bAlaka hI mAnA jaaygaa| pra. mA.- yAnI pratyeka vyakti puna: bAlaka bana sakatA hai ? A. vi.- bAlaka hI hai vaha / jisa dizA meM vaha calanA cAhatA hai, eka caraNa rakhatA hai taba vaha bAlaka hI rahatA hai| bAlaka se hI pAlaka banatA hai| pra. mA.- to kyA yaha sambhava hai ki kisI vRkSa ke lie vaha phira se vahIM pahu~ca jAya jahA~ se prArambha kiyA ? pratyeka vRkSa phira bIja banegA ? kyA khilA huA phUla phira kalI bana jAyagA ? A. vi.- nahIM ! ise yU~ kahanA cAhie ki yadi abhI banane kI prakriyA hI nahIM huI hai to usako hama calanA nahIM maaneNge| pra. mA.- kevala icchA hai ? A. vi.- hA~ ! kevala icchA hai| abhI jJAna aura kriyA nahIM A paaii| kriyA ho rahI hai lekina samIcIna kriyA honI caahie| tabhI icchA pUrNa ho pAegI / mAtra icchA hI jyoM-ki-tyoM banI rahatI hai to kriyA phalIbhUta nahIM hotI-"yasmAt kriyAH pratiphalanti na bhAvazUnyAH" (kalyANamandira-stotra/38) yAnI bhAva se zUnya kriyA phalIbhUta nahIM ho paatii| pra. mA.- ye sArA Apane AtmaniSTha vivecana kiyaa| maiM thor3I vastuniSThatA kI bAta cAhatA huuN| Apake dRSTikoNa meM ___ koI jar3a yA bAhara kI pRthvI yA bhautika jagat nahIM hai ? yA hai ? yA kevala AbhAsa hai mana meM yA kevala vivarta A. vi.- aisA hai - vaise yadi dekhA jAya to AbhAsa bhI hai aura vaise... pra. mA.- kyA kevala kalpanA hai mahArAja ? duniyA jo hai - 'mAI varlDa ija mAI vila' - aisA hAvara ne kahA hai / kyA kevala eka mithyA hai', jaisA zaMkarAcArya kahate haiM ? A. vi.- ekAnta rUpa se mithyA hI kaheM, aisA bhI nahIM hai / kyoMki mithyA ko kahane ke lie jo zabda prayoga kie jAe~ge to phira vo bhI mithyA hI ho jaaeNge| jaise zaMkarAcArya ne kahA ki yaha saMsAra jo hai, vaha mithyA hai| to yaha saMsAra mithyA kahane vAle jo vacana haiM, ve bhI mithyA haiM / aisA to nahIM hai ki ina vacanoM ke mAdhyama se hameM kucha bhI nahIM milA hai / vaha kevala buddhi hai, uccarita zabdArtha kI samajha to hai hii| yadi yaha ekAntataH mAna liyA jAya ki yaha sArA kA sArA saMsAra jhUTha hai, taba jo zabda sunA jA rahA hai, vaha bhI jhUTha hai| isalie
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________________ xxii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA jaba yaha zabda nikalA aura usane bodha karAyA taba ekAntata: jhUTha kaise mAna liyA jAyagA ? kucha to vaha hai| pra. mA. - ThIka hai / zaMkarAcArya ke viSaya meM eka kahAnI hai / ve kahIM jA rahe the ki unake pIche eka daur3atA huA hAthI laga gyaa| yaha dekhakara zaMkarAcArya jAna bacAne ke lie bhAgane lge| isI samaya unake dvArA zikSita aura dIkSita vyakti AyA aura dekhA ki zaMkarAcArya bhAga rahe haiN| usane kahA ki svAmin ! Apake anusAra jaba sArA saMsAra jhUThA hai, taba kyA yaha hAthI saccA hai, jo Apa isa se Dara ke bhAga rahe haiM ? zaMkarAcArya ne kahA ki unakA bhAganA bhI kahA~ saccA hai,vaha bhI mithyA hai / matalaba yaha ki mithyA kI avadhAraNA nitAnta sUkSma hai| videzI arthAt pazcimI dArzanikoM ne mithyA kA artha abhAva nahIM mAnA hai| A. vi.- mithyA kA artha abhAva nahIM hai| pra. mA. - hA~ ! maiM yahIM A rahA hU~ / A.vi.- hA~ ! mithyA kA artha eka prakAra se viloma honA hai| pra. mA.- to kyA Apa isako AMzika mithyA yA AMzika satya mAnate haiM? A. vi.- nhiiN| isako hama yaha kaheMge ki jaise eka to abhAva hai aura dUsarA vibhAva / to jala kA abhAva atyantAbhAva nahIM hai| hima, jala kA vibhAvIkaraNa hai| aura vibhAva ke dvArA hamezA kaSTa hotA hai| isako mithyAtva bolate pra. mA. - to jala kA hima jo hai, vaha niSedha nahIM hai ? A. vi.- nahIM / abhAva nahIM hai, vibhAva hai / vibhAva rUpa hima ko punaH tarala banA do / jala ko tarala mAnA hai svbhaavtH| jaba jala rahegA taba tarala rahegA, bahAva rhegaa| lekina, jaba tarala ke sthAna para saghana ho jAegA taba vaha vibhAva ho jAegA aura vibhAva hone ke kAraNa na nAva usameM DUbegI aura na tairegI, kintu aTaka jaaegii| pra. mA.- samaya kAphI ho rahA hai / maiM antima prazna pUchanA cAha rahA hU~-kyA Apa aura koI mahAkAvya likha rahe haiM yA likheMge ? hamArI ummIda hai, hama cAhate haiM ki isase bhI bar3I cIz2a Apa likheN| A. vi.- mA~ga to A rahI hai, lekina usa mA~ga kI... pra. mA.- icchA Apake mana meM jAge, phira jJAna ho aura phira kriyA ho / jo ApakA kAvya('mUkamATI') hai vaha hindI ke lie bahuta bar3I upalabdhi hai, hama ye mAnate haiN| aisI koI cIz2a pahale nahIM likhI gaI aura ye kaI dRSTiyoM se abhUtapUrva racanA hai / maiMne to kaI mahAkAvya par3he haiN| kaI bhASAoM meM par3he haiN| maiMne isakI tulanA anya kaI mahAkAvyoM se karAnA cAhI hai-'gilagimeza' pahalA mahAkAvya hai jo pazcima meM mAnA jAtA hai ki IMToM ke andara likhA pralaya ke bAre meM kucha milatA hai / aura milTana ke 'pairADAIz2a laoNsTa' aura DAnTe kI 'DivAina kAmeDI'-ina saba se tulanA karate hue hama calate haiM, vizva ke mahAkAvyoM ke itihAsa meM hama dekha rahe haiM ki yaha alaga cIz2a hai / aravinda kI 'sAvitrI' kucha-kucha isake karIba kI racanA hai, phira 'kAmAyanI' hai, parantu ye usase bhI bhinna hai / ye Apane bahuta bar3A mahattva kA grantha likhA hai, itanA hI maiM kahanA cAhatA huuN| maiM to likhUgA hI jo kucha likhanA hai| hama ye cAhate haiM ki isakA adhikAdhika logoM meM pracAra-prasAra ho| isake dvArA logoM ko kAvya kA eka nayA AyAma khula jAtA hai / abhI taka kAvya ke sambandha meM jo hamArI dhAraNA thI usameM eka nayA kalpanA-loka, Aloka udghATita huA hai / kalpanA kA kyA yoga mAnate haiM Apa kAvya meM ?
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xxiii A. vi.- anubhUti ko jIvita rakhane ke lie koI sA~cA to banAnA caahie| maiM kalpanA ke pakSa meM bahuta kama huuN| pra. mA. - acchA, ye ApakI dI huI kalpanA hai, jo mahAkAvya hai, vaha akalpanIya kalpanA hai ? A. vi.- ye kalpanAtIta hai, kyoMki ghaTita nahIM ho rahI hai aura kalpanA kara leM to isa apekSA se jo ghaTita hai, jisa rUpa meM hai, usako hama zabda rUpa de deM to bahuta acchA rahegA / pra. mA.- hamAre acetana mana kI khAna ke andara jo chupI huI svarNa rAzi hai, use miTTI ke andhakAra meM se nikAla kara ke kalpanA taka usako parizodhita kara.jaba usakA bodhana-zodhana hotA hai taba jAkara usakI eka mudrikA banatI hai / zabdoM ke jar3Ava ke andara taba jAkara logoM ke kAma kI hotI hai / rasa prakriyA jaisI hai yaha / jaise ki bhojana ke lie pAkazAstra meM bhI jo mUla cIz2a hai, usakA vaisA hI sevana nahIM karate, ye sArA pariSkaraNa A. vi.- jahA~ taka bana sake vahA~ taka maiM socatA hU~ ina rasoM meM hI vizeSa saMyojanA yA khoja nA karake jo rasAsvAdI vyakti haiM, unakI rasAsvAdana meM thor3I ruci jyAdA bar3ha jAe to apane Apa hI isakA nAma z2yAdA ho jaaegaa| isameM hama bahuta kucha bharanA cAhate haiM, lekina sAmane vAlA vyakti grahaNa nahIM kara pAtA / isalie jahA~ taka bana sake vaha bandhana TUTa jaae| anyathA, zRMgAra lAo, viraha lAo - yAnI vo lAo, ye lAo / isase pUrA kA pUrA vo hI itihAsa, puna: jamaghaTa ho jAtA hai| pra. mA.- Apa kevala zAnta rasa meM vizvAsa karate haiM ? A. vi.- jI hA~ ! isameM kahA bhI hai : "saba rasoM kA anta honA hI-/zAnta-rasa hai" (pR.160) / kahA hai : __ "zAntAd bhAvA: prvrtnte|" (anya ke dvArA eka prazna) pra. mA. - Apa pUcha rahI haiM- kumbhakAra Izvara hai yA guru hai ? vo guru mAna kara cala rahI haiN| Apa kyA mAnate haiM ? A. vi.- Izvara apane yahA~ (jaina darzana meM) do prakAra ke hote haiM - eka sakala paramAtmA aura eka nikala paramAtmA / sakala paramAtmA - zarIra sahita, jo arahanta parameSThI haiN| dUsare zarIra rahita hone se nikala paramAtmA haiN| vo hamAre parama guru haiN| aura ye jo jJAnasAgara mahArAja haiM vo hamAre guru haiN| pra. mA.- hamAre yahA~ to guru ko hI "gururbrahmA, gururviSNuH, gururdevo mahezvaraH' kahA hai / ye tInoM jo haiM, ve guru meM A gae haiM to sRSTi utpatti-sthiti evaM laya- ina sabakA guru ke andara samAveza hai| hamAre yahA~ guru kI dhAraNA bahuta vyApaka hai / to guru aura Izvara meM koI antara nahIM hamAre yahA~ vicAroM meM ? A. vi.- itanA hI antara hai ki guru jo haiM : "guru govinda doU khar3e, kAkai lAgUM pA~ya / balihArI gurU Apanai...Age..., __-govinda diyo 'batAya' nahIM, balki govinda diyo banAya' kahate haiN|" pra. mA. - vAha ! vAha !! 'batAya' ke badale meM banAya' kara diyaa| (eka anya ke dvArA prazna) pra. mA.- Apa pUcha rahe haiM ki jaba Apa karnATaka se Ae the, taba itanI hindI nahIM AtI thii| phira hindI para itanA adhikAra kaise prApta kiyA ? A. vi.- adhikAra to nahIM thA, ise svIkAra kiyA hai| hamane kevala sunA hai / gurujI ne kevala sunAyA thA / vo kucha kucha mAravAr3I bolate the| pra. mA.- maiM socatA hU~ sArA zreya saMskRta-prAkRta ko denA cAhie, jina bhASAoM ne isa saba ko AdhAra diyaa| A. vi.- gurujI ke mukha se hamane saMskRta par3hI, lekina bola-cAla kA mAdhyama hindI bhASA rahI /
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________________ xxiv :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA pra. mA. - isameM kahIM-kahIM grAmINa zabdoM ke prayoga bhI A jAte haiM, jaise 'jaghana' zabda (pR. 227) Apane likhA hai / isakA hindI meM artha acchA nahIM hotA / Apane kannar3a artha meM zAyada likhA hai ? darzana ko isa taraha kAvya rUpa meM prastuta karanA apane Apa meM bahuta bar3I upalabdhi maiM mAnatA hU~, kyoMki jitane bhI darzana ke bAre meM mahAkAvya haiM, ve bahuta kucha kliSTa ho jAte haiM jabakI ye ('mUkamATI') kliSTa nahIM hai / isakA prabhAva jo - prasAda guNa bahuta bar3A hai| yaha barAbara pravahamAn calatA jAtA hai, kyoMki isake pIche ApakI jo cetanA hai vaha nirantara Apako Age ThelatI huI calI jAtI hai| Apa bahuta spaSTa haiN| ApakA jo uddezya hai, Apake kumbha kA jo bhAva hai vaha bahuta spaSTa hai| bahuta-bahuta dhnyvaad| hama bahuta upakRta hue| Apake kAvya ko par3hakara ke bahuta lAbhAnvita hue| ye jijJAsAe~ to yU~ hI thIM, hamArI mUrkhatA yA hamArI sImA kA -- jAnane ke lie| lekina logoM taka pahu~cane meM ise samaya lgegaa| jaba antarikSa meM loga gae to unakA bhAra kama ho gayA--logoM ko jaise AsamAna meM tairanA pdd'aa| isako ('mUkamATI') par3hate samaya aisA hI AbhAsa hotA hai / jaise hama kahIM speza meM jA rahe hoN| z2amIna para ekadama paira nahIM ttikte| una jaisI hI hamArI upalabdhi hai| aura kucha pUchanA hai kisI ko ? isameM 'prAsa' bahuta Ate haiN| zabdoM kI krIr3A, anuramaNa, usakA jo hai avalor3ana'''to kyA ye saba sahaja rUpa se huA yA Apa kahIM-kahIM jAna-bUjha kara le Ae haiM ? A. vi. - arthAbhivyakti acchI ho to usake lie koI vizeSa mehanata nahIM karanI par3atI / pra. mA. - zabdAdhikAra bahuta haiM isameM / zabda aura artha ko Apa kaise mAnate haiM ? zabda pahale AtA hai Apake mana meM yA artha pahale AtA hai ? A. vi. - hama to bhAva se jJAna kI ora, matalaba bodha se zabda kI ora bar3hate haiM / hamArI kavitA kI yAtrA hamezA bhItara se bAhara kI ora hotI hai / pra. mA. - to zabda kahA~ haiM- bAhara haiM, bhItara haiM yA bIca meM haiM ? A. vi. - bhAva bhItara haiM aura unheM zabda ke Alambana ke lie bAhara AnA par3atA hai| pra. mA. - kabhI Apako aisA nahIM lagA ki kisI zabda ke lie Apako rukanA par3A ho ? A. vi. - nahIM, nahIM / apane bhAva ke sAtha jaba zabda jur3atA hai taba bahuta bhArI ho jAtA hai / taba apane cintana ke lie koI kSati nahIM pahu~catI aura zabda apane Apa milate cale jAte haiN| isa kI ('mUkamATI') eka vizeSatA ki hamane rAta meM kabhI bhI nahIM likhA, cintana ke uparAnta dina meM hI likhA / pra. mA.- itanA bar3A jo 'abhidhAna rAjendra koza' unhoMne banAyA, vo bhI rAta ko syAhI ko sukhAkara rakha dete the / dina - dina meM smRti se likhate the / yaha 'mUkamATI' bhI bahuta adbhuta kAvya hai, kyoMki aura kisI jaina muni aisA mahAkAvya likhA ho, dhyAna meM nahIM AtA / isa taraha ke amUrta viSaya para kisI ne kArya kiyA ho, aisA bhI dhyAna meM nahIM AtA / yaha bahuta Adhunika hai mere mata se, kyoMki ye vijJAna ke lie bhI prerita karatA hai / Aja vijJAna kI jo khir3akiyA~ khula rahIM haiM, vibhinna vidvAn likha rahe haiM - 'DaoNnsa oNpha zivA' Adi videzoM meM jo loga haiM vo isI tarapha A rahe haiM, isI bhAratIya manISA kA jo carama bindu hai| sAre bhautikavAdI cintana, sAre dvandvAtmaka cintana sImita ho gae haiM, ve bhI dhIre-dhIre vahIM para A rahe haiM usI bindu para | usakI ora hI saMketa karatA hai ye grantha / isIliye maiM isako 'fyUcara poyaTrI' yAnI bhaviSyavAdI kAvya, jaisA ki aravinda ne kahA hai, ise bahuta acchA dizAdarzaka mAnatA hU~ / anya kaviyoM ke lie bhI ye bahuta preraNAdAyaka grantha hai /
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________________ AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ke caraNa-sAnnidhya meM makamATI-mImAMsA' ke sampAdaka AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI
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________________ pAtanikI AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI (ka) prastuta kRti para Amantrita samIkSAe~ aura unakI samIkSA ___ Alocya saMkalana meM anekavidha samIkSAe~ haiM / lekhaka yA samIkSaka kazmIra se kerala aura gujarAta se guvAhATI taka ke haiM, isIlie ye samIkSAe~ apane meM vividhatA lie huI haiN| vividhatA AkAragata bhI hai aura Antarika kathya yA vivecyagata bhI / katipaya samIkSAe~ bRhadAkAra haiM aura katipaya sammatyAtmaka patra kisma kI / ekAdha samIkSaka to aise bhI haiM jinhone kaI (cAra) adhyAya kI pustaka hI likha dI hai aura eka vidvAn se bhUmikA bhI likhavA lI hai / socA isI meM chapa jaaygii| sampAdana ke krama meM aise prayAsoM ko anyathA AkAra dekara use pRthak kRti hone ke bhrama se bacA liyA gayA hai| aise vidvAnoM ke bhI nibandha haiM jinhoMne svatantra pustaka chapavA lI hai para usI pustaka se kucha lekara granthopayogI svatantra AkAra de diyA hai| adhikAMza lekhoM meM Alocya kRti kI kathAvastu kA sArAMza prastuta kara apanI pratikriyA katipaya muddoM para de dI gaI hai| kucha samIkSAe~ zraddhAtireka se ApAda-mastaka-sikta haiM to katipaya aisI bhI haiM jinameM adhika zrama doSodghATanaparaka hI huA hai, yaha avazya hai ki aisI samIkSAe~ kama haiM / paricayollekhapUrvaka gambhIra pratikriyA prastuta karane vAle nibandhoM kI saMkhyA upasthApakoM kI prAtibhakSamatA ke anurUpa anupAta meM adhika hai / ekAdha stavaparaka padyabaddha prazasti bhI hai / saMkalana ke Arambha meM divaMgata bhUtapUrva sampAdaka DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave kI vArtA hai AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja se, jisameM preraNAsrota se lekara prakriyA aura kathya ke aneka muddoM para vimarza hai / apane antaraMga meM ekAdha nibandha mahArAjazrI kA bhAvapravaNa jIvanavRtta prastuta karatA hai to vaise hI ekAdha unakA kartRtva bhI nirUpita karatA hai / saMkalana kI samagratA ke khyAla se ye samasta prayAsa mahattva ke haiN| maiM cAhatA thA ki upasthApaka Alocya grantha kI kathAvastu kA anapekSita vivaraNa aura Avartana na karake usako buddhigata hI rakheM aura jamakara usake vibhinna pakSoM, muddoM aura binduoM para apanI vaicArika pratikriyA adhika deM, tAki pAThaka kI grantha viSayaka samajha vikasita ho / bRhadAkAra nibandhoM meM kaI eka apanA z2yAdA jhukAva usake saiddhAntika aura dArzanika pakSoM para aura kaI eka kAvyocita pakSa para dikhAte haiM / kucha mahilA lekhikAoM ke nibandha avazya aise mile haiM jo kevala nArI mahimA para granthakAra kI dRSTi kA pallavana prastuta karate haiN| kitane nibandha aise bhI haiM jo bhASA-zailI aura chandovidhAna ke vivecana para hI apane ko kendrita karate haiN| aise prayAsa adhikAMza nibandhoM meM kathAvastu kI AvRtti ko dekhate hue adhika saMgata lagate haiN| bhArata kI vibhinna-bhASAoM meM nibaddha mahAkAvyoM kI tulanA meM Alocyagrantha kA vaiziSTya nirdiSTa karane vAle lekhoM kI saMkhyA kama hai-yadyapi bhUtapUrva sampAdaka DaoN. mAcave kA yaha saMkalpa thA / samIkSA saMkalana ke lobha meM kucha lekha bahuta hI sAmAnya aura bharatI ke A gae haiN| Azcarya to taba hotA hai jaba bar3I lekhanI apane svarUpa kI rakSA nahIM karatI aura pratyAzita se anurUpa pratikriyA nahIM miltii| prasannatA kI bAta hai ki idhara kucha aise prayAsa avazya hue haiM jisase aura bhI gambhIra lekhanI sakriya hoM aura samIkSaka kucha anachue pahaluoM para gambhIratApUrvaka prakAza DAla sakeM / prayAsa hI hai, saphalatA to sammAnAspada samIkSakoM kI anurUpa niSThA para nirbhara karatI hai / AcAryazrI kI prAtibhakSamatA kI jisa damakhama ke sAtha ekAdha sajjana ne truTiyA~ dikhAI haiM, usI damaqhama ke sAtha auroM ne unakI upalabdhiyA~ bhI batAI haiN| mujhe isameM koI anaucitya nahIM lagatA ki samIkSaka jo bhI kahe vaha vastuniSTha paddhati para sAdhAra kahe / ata: aise niSThAvAn samIkSaka kI maiM prazaMsA karatA hU~ parantu kevala
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________________ xxvi:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA truTiyA~-truTiyA~ aura khAmiyA~-qhAmiyA~ hI dikhAnA tathA upalabdhiyoM kI ora se A~kha banda kara lenA sarvathA anucita hai| doSajJa honA paNDita kA lakSaNa hai para mAtra utane ko hI apanI sImA banA lenA usakI saMkucita aura ochI manovRtti kA prakAzana hai / phira guNajJa aura guNagrAhI honA mUrkha kA lakSaNa nahIM hai, vaha sAkSara kA nahIM, sarasa kA lakSaNa hai| 'kAvyaprakAza'kAra ne kAvyalakSaNa meM jaba "adoSau..." kA samAveza kiyA, AcArya hemacandra ne jaba usakA praveza kiyA taba TIkAkAroM ne UrdhvabAhu ghoSaNA kI ki aisA lakSaNa yA to nirviSaya' hogA yA 'prvirlvissy'| abhiprAya yaha ki doSoM kA honA to nisargaprApta hai, sarjaka kI upalabdhi usake pauruSa aura pratibhA kA pramANa hai / vidvAn ko cAhie ki vaha doSoM ke sAtha usakI upalabdhiyoM kI ora bhI apanI dRSTi ko phere aura usakA bhI ullekha kare / aisA karane kA lAbha yaha hogA ki isa santulita prarocanA se jijJAsu pAThaka samIkSita grantha ke paThana-pAThana, manana, parizIlana meM pravRtta hotA hai, anyathA use aruci ho jAtI hai aura vaha pravRtta kI jagaha nivRtta ho jAtA hai / pariNAmataH sarjanA niSphala calI jAtI hai| kavitA-kAminI ke pAsa rasika sahRdaya bhI jAtA hai aura preta (samIkSaka) bhI / eka dulAratA, pucakAratA, apane anukUla banAtA huA usakA AsvAda letA hai aura dUsarA pretakalpa tArkika samIkSaka kRti ke bhItara ghusakara usakA prANa hI le letA hai| kahA gayA hai : "kAvyaM kavInAmupalAlayan hi bhuGkte rasajJo yuvatIM yuveva / tAmeva bhuGkte nanu tArkiko'pi prANAn haran bhUta iva prvissttH||" kucha eka mitroM ne aise kArya meM pravRtta hone ko cApalUsI yA bhautika svArtha kI pUrti kA mAdhyama samajhA hai| samajha to samajhadAra ke saMskAroM se raMjita hotI hai, ata: usakI TippaNI jitanA svayam usa para lAgU hotI hai, sAmane vAle para nahIM / astu, aise apriya prasaMgoM ko z2yAdA jagaha denI bhI nahIM caahie| tulasIdAsa ke zabdoM meM aise loga prathama vandya haiM tAki unake kAraNa satkArya se nivRtti na ho| aneka prabuddha sajjanoM aura manISiyoM ne apanI samIkSAe~ isa bRhat sArasvata yajJa meM Ahuti ke rUpa meM pradAna nahIM kI ki isase unakA vyaktivaiziSTya samaSTi meM tirohita ho jAyagA aura unake aham ko usakA prApya prApta nahIM hogA / ve yaha kyoM nahIM samajhate ki ve jahA~ bhI raheMge apanA bhAsvara vyaktitva alaga se hI prakAzita karate raheMge, unakI paMkti alaga hI dUra se lakSita hogii| isase unakA ahaMkAra bhI vighaTita hotA aura samAja kI dRSTi meM unakA svarUpa aura mahAn ho jaataa| kisI ke sammAna se sammAnakartA kA aham choTA hotA hai, haivAna naSTa hotA hai, para usakA insAna samAja kI dRSTi meM U~cA uTha jAtA hai / santoM kI yaha praNAlI ki apanI ora se vinata raho, samAja kI ora se sahaja hI samunnata ho jAoge, kitanI sAttvika hai / gajAnana mAdhava muktibodha kA 'brahma rAkSasa' isa satya ko samajha kara bhI anadekhA kara detA hai| ____ hA~, to kahA yaha jA rahA thA ki Alocya kRti kI samIkSA prakrAnta hai, ata: sarvaprathama yaha dekhanA hai ki Alocya kRti kI prakRti kyA hai, vaha vAGmaya kI kisa vidhA ke antargata A sakatI hai ? yaha zAstra hai yA kAvya yA zAstrakAvya / aneka samIkSakoM kI ApAtataH dhAraNA yaha mAlUma huI hai ki yaha kAvya hI nahIM hai, prabandha kAvya yA mahAkAvya honA to dUra kI bAta hai| (kha) Alocya kRti kI prakRti Alocya kRti para ApAtata: dRSTipAta karane para jaina prasthAna kI mAnyatAoM aura siddhAntoM kI vibhinna pratIkoM ke sahAre unheM rUkSa upasthApana hI dRSTigocara hotA hai / unheM lagatA hai ki kAvya rasAtmaka vAkya hai, saMvedanA yA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xxvii sarjanAtmaka anubhUti kA kalAtmaka udrekhaNa hai, jIvanAnubhUti kA kavitvamaya prakAzana hai, bhAvanAoM kA guNAlaMkAramaNDita bhASA meM prabhAvI upasthApana hai, pRthivI aura svarga kA madhumaya milana hai tathA aura bhI kucha lokottara hai / unheM isa racanA meM aisA kucha dikhAI nahIM pdd'taa| unakA pakSa yaha hai ki kAvya ke mUlabhUta kAvyopAdana saMvedanA kA ghaTaka dRSTi yA vicAra gandha kI taraha kAvya meM vyApta avazya ho, para taha meM nihita ho / yaha pakSa nissandeha yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA hai / (ga) bahiraMga sAkSya 'mUkamATI' ke 'mAnasa taraMga' (pR. XXIV) meM upasthApaka svayaM kaha rahA hai : "aise hI kucha mUla-bhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana hetu isa kRti kA sRjana huA hai aura yaha vaha sRjana hai jisakA sAttvika sAnnidhya pAkara rAgAtireka se bharapUra zRMgAra-rasa ke jIvana meM bhI vairAgya kA ubhAra AtA hai, jisameM laukika alaMkAra alaukika alaMkAroM se alaMkRta hue haiM; alaMkAra aba alaM kA anubhava kara rahA hai| jisameM zabda ko artha milA hai aura artha ko paramArtha; jisameM nUtanazodha-praNAlI ko Alocana ke miSa, locana diye haiM;...jisakA prayojana sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanaitika aura dhArmika kSetroM meM praviSTa huI kurItiyoM ko nirmUla karanA aura yuga ko zubha-saMskAroM se saMskArita kara bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a dekara vItarAga zramaNa-saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA hai aura jisakA nAmakaraNa huA hai 'muukmaattii'|" isa uddharaNa kI prazastiparaka uktiyoM ko haTA diyA jAya, kevala tathyaparaka uktiyoM ko dRSTigata kiyA jAya to mAnanA par3egA ki isa kRti kI racanA jinazAsana ke katipaya mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana hetu huI hai / isakA lakSya hai - yuga ko saMskAra denA aura vItarAga zramaNa saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA / azvaghoSa (saundarananda, 18/63) ke zabdoM meM, "ityeSA vyupazAntaye na rataye / " (gha) antaraMga sAkSya yaha to rahA bahiraMga sAkSya, yadyapi isa prakAra ke nirNaya para antaraMga anuzIlana se hI pahu~cA gayA hai / isa nirNaya se haTa kara kRti ke viSaya para sIdhe dRSTipAta kiyA jAya to usase bhI ukta niSkarSa kI hI puSTi hotI hai| kisI bhI grantha kA tAtparya spaSTa karanA ho to nimnalikhita dRSTiyoM se manthana karanA par3atA hai- (ka) upakrama (kha) upasaMhAra (ga) abhyAsa (gha) apUrvatAparaka phala (Ga) arthavAda tathA (ca) upapatti / Alocya grantha kA 'upakrama' hotA hai prAta:kAlIna pariveza meM saritA taTa kI mATI kA mA~ dharatI ke saMvAda ke sAtha, jisameM nitya 'sukhamukta' aura 'du:khayukta' parasaMsargajanya vaibhAvika svarUpa para glAni ke A~sU bahAe jA rahe haiM aura 'sva-bhAva' kI upalabdhi kA mArga abhUtapUrva tar3apa aura vedanA ke sAtha jijJAsya hai| 'upasaMhAra' meM vRhat sattA mA~ dharatI kA pratisattA' arthAt upAdAnabhUta saritA taTa kI mATI kI mUrta sambhAvanA 'ghaTa' aura ghaTa kI sambhAvanA 'sRjanazIla jIvana kA vargAtIta apavarga' kI upalabdhi para santoSa hai| Alocya grantha meM ghaTa kI - jIvAtmA ke pratIka ghaTa kI apavarga nimittaka mahAyAtrA kA pracuratA se sAvaSTambha varNana hI to abhyAsa' hai aura isa mahAyAtrA kA gantavya apavarga' 'apUrva phala kI upalabdhi' hai| sthAna-sthAna para isa upalabdhi kI prazasti 'arthavAda' hai aura yahI sarvazreSTha hai, kI siddhi meM die gae tarka hI upapatti' haiM / ina saba tAtparya nirNAyaka kAraNoM se antaraMga parIkSaNa bhI siddha karatA hai ki granthakAra kA lakSya zreya:prApti meM upayogI jaina prasthAna-sammatamAnyatAoM kA rocaka upasthApana hI hai| (Ga) pAramparika sAkSya jaina kAvya kI paramparA para apanA mantavya prastuta karate hue 'jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa'- bhAga 6 meM zrI gulAbacanda caudharI bhI kahate haiM : "jaina kAvyoM kA dRSTikoNa dhArmika thaa| jaina dharma ke AcAra aura vicAroM ko ramaNIya
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________________ xxviii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA paddhati se evaM rocaka zailI se prastuta kara dhArmika cetanA aura bhaktibhAvanA ko jAgrata karanA unakA mukhya uddezya thaa| usake lie unhoMne dharmakathAnuyoga aura prathamAnuyoga kA sahArA liyaa| jana sAmAnya ko sugama rIti se dhArmika niyama samajhAne ke lie kathAtmaka sAhitya se bar3ha kara adhika prabhAvazAlI sAdhana dUsarA nahIM hai|" abhiprAya yaha ki paramparA arthAt jaina kAvya paramparA kA sAkSya bhI yahI kahatA hai ki isa prasthAna ke prati samarpita jaina muniyoM kA lakSya 'vyutpatti' ke AdhAna para adhika hai, 'prIti' mAdhyama hai / brAhmaNadhArA ke zaiva AcArya abhinava gupta ne kAvya prayojana para vicAra karate hue AnandavAdiyoM' (prItivAdiyoM) aura 'vyutpattivAdiyoM ke pakSadharoM se ubharate hue antarvirodha kA samanvaya karate hue 'abhinava bhAratI' aura 'locana' meM batAyA hai ki vastuta: pariNataprajJa yA pariNatakavi kA mUla prayojana to 'prIti' yA 'rasa' niSpAdana hI hai / yaha bAta bhinna hai ki tadartha niyojita vibhAvAdi sAmagrI meM aucitya' kA samyak nirvAha honA cAhie / yaha aucitya isakI parA upaniSad hai aura aucitya hamArI sampradAyAnumodita mAnyatAe~ hI haiM, jinase grAhaka loka meM apekSita vyatpatti' anAyAsa Ahita ho jAtI haiN| brAhmaNadhArA aura usameM bhI zaivAgamasammatadhArA vAsanAzodhana kI pakSadhara hai / vaha usameM bhI amRta kA anusandhAna karatI hai, usake mAdhyama se bhI zreyaskara gantavya para pahu~catI hai, jabaki zramaNa dhArA, vizeSa kara jaina prasthAna vAsanA kA damana yA kSayopazama karatI hai / ata: vaha use usa sAdhya sthAna para rakha hI nahIM sakatI, use pArzvavartI hI banAkara upayoga kara sakatI hai / phalata: yahA~ 'prIti' aura 'vyutpatti' meM vyutpatti para z2ayAdA aura pratyakSa bala rahatA hai, prItikara sAmagrI sAdhana hotI hai| yahA~ 'kAntAsammitaupadeza' kA svara mukhara hotA hai| __Alocya grantha kA svara prabhAvotpAdana se adhika prabodhotpAdana hai / ghaTa kI AtmakathA ke sAtha calane vAlA vyutpitsu antata: yaha prabodha prApta karatA hai ki nimitta kI zaraNa jAkara sambhAvanAmaya upAdAna samarpaNa ke mAdhyama se apanI sambhAvanAoM ko upalabdhi kA AkAra de / isake sAtha-sAtha usakA bAdhaka kASAya zAnta hogA, 'para' ke prati nirveda hogA, zAnta kI niSpatti hogii| isa prakAra prItikara zAnta rasa sahAyatA karegA / zAstra kI apekSA isa aura isa taraha ke prabandha kAvya lakSya taka pahu~cAne meM saundarya pradAna kreNge| isa antaraMga evaM bahiraMga sAkSya aura paramparA ke AdhAra para vicAra karane se yaha spaSTa hai ki prastuta kRti 'zuddha kavitA' kI apekSA zAstra kAvya' hai| zuddha kavitA meM sAmagrI kI yojanA meM prItikara prabhAva utpanna karanA mukhya lakSya hotA hai, mAnyatAoM kI sugandha vyaMjanA se milatI hai| zAstrakAvya meM mAnyatAe~ saMvAda-vidhAna meM upadeza kA svara adhika pakar3atI haiM aura abhidhA meM hotI haiN| Alocya racanA meM saMvAdoM kI pracuratA hai, bhAva vyaMjanA aura varNanAtmaka prasaMgoM kI apekSAkRta kamI hai / isakI puSTi Age vizada vivecana se kI jAyagI / isa vivecana kA tAtparya kisI dhArA kI ApekSika zreSThatA yA a-zreSThatA se nahIM hai, yaha to apanI-apanI dhArA hai / isakA matalaba yaha bhI nahIM hai ki jaina kAvya paramparA meM premAkhyAnaka nahIM haiM yA ki usameM bhAva vyaMjanA aura varNanamaya racanAe~ nahIM haiM, nahIM; haiM aura khUba haiN| yahA~ jaina muniyoM kI kAvya paramparA kI bAta prakAnta hai / phalata: isa niSkarSa ko usI krama meM honA caahie| kSamatA alaga bAta hai aura kSamatA kA upayoga alaga bAta hai / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke prastuta prabandha kAvya kA Arambha hI dekheM - varNana hai, kAvyocita komala aura zRMgArika bhaMgimA hai, bhAva kA Avega hai, para mAnasika saMracanA isa kSamatA ko pUre ubhAra para nahIM laatii| 'sva-bhAva' kI prApti meM apekSita mAnyatAoM ko saMvAdAtmaka paddhati para rocaka kathA ke sahAre ubhArane kI ora unakI pratibhA kA saMrambha lakSita hotA hai / aisA karake jahA~ eka ora inhoMne apanI paramparA kA sAtha diyA hai, vahIM carita kAvya, purANa kAvya yA kathA kAvya kI paddhatiyA~ asvIkAra kara apanA akSuNNa mArga bhI nirmita kiyA hai / inhoMne 'kAmAyanI'kAra kI bhA~ti rUpaka yA pratIka kAvya kI paddhati apanAI hai| usakI apekSA isakA vaiziSTya saMvAdoM ke pracura vidhAna meM hai / niSkarSa yaha ki prastuta kAvya saMvAda pracura pratIka paddhati kA zAstrakAvya' hai| isa niSkarSa ke Aloka
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xxix meM una logoM kA AkSepa bhI nirasta ho jAtA hai jo racanA ko mAtra saMvedanA kA hI mUrta rUpa mAnate haiM aura cetana pAtroM meM usakI pariNati dekhate haiN| 'mUkamATI' meM prasphuTita kavitva kA pUrvavRtta : kavitva kI vikAsa yAtrA (ka) prastuta kRti kI preraNA kA prazna bhUtapUrva sampAdaka DaoN. mAcave ne mahArAjazrI se apane vArtAlApa meM yaha jijJAsA kI hai ki mahArAjazrI ko isa taraha kA, isa paddhati kA, kAvya likhane kI preraNA kahA~ se milI ? merA khyAla hai ki isakA uttara mahArAjazrI ke taporata svabhAva meM hai, para-bhAva meM nhiiN| isake lie unakA taporata svabhAva aura usake anurUpa pUrva nirmita racanAoM kA gahana manthana karanA caahie| isase unake kAvya vikAsa ke sopAna bhI lakSita hoMge aura sAtha hI prastuta jijJAsA kA samAdhAna bhI nikala aaegaa| (kha) kAvya kAraNa kA upArjana ___ sAkSAt vAgdevatA hI apanI parisphUrti kA mAdhyama kisI ko banAe~, yaha bAta bhinna hai, para sAmAnyata: nisargajAta pratibhAsampanna sAdhaka racanAkAra ko bhI apanI pratibhA ko abhyAsa aura vyutpatti ke zANa para car3hAnA hI par3atA hai| usakA bhI sAdhanA kAla hotA hai| mahArAjazrI ne '68 meM munidIkSA grahaNa kI aura sadguru zrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja ke caraNoM meM sAdhanAlIna ho gae / adhyAtma sAdhanA ke sAtha-sAtha sArasvata sAdhanA bhI calatI rhii| sAdhaka rAtoM-rAta kavi nahIM bana jAtA, usake lie bhI 'vyutpatti' aura 'abhyAsa' kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| 'vyutpatti' rAjazekhara ke zabdoM meM 'ucitAnucita viveka, mammaTa ke zabdoM meM 'loka zAstra, kAvya Adi ke avekSaNa se hone vAlI nipuNatA' athavA sAmAnya sAdhanA ke lie apekSita sadguru meM a-bodhapUrvaka zraddhA aura vizvAsa, Antarika AkarSaNa 'arjita bodha' kA hI nAmAntara hai| mahArAjazrI ne vyutpatti bhI prApta kI aura guru-caraNoM meM baiThakara abhyAsa' bhI kiyA, kAvyajJa se mammaTa ke zabdoM meM zikSA bhI lI, sIkha bhI lii| mahArAjazrI ne munidIkSA ke bAda se hI racanA kA zrIgaNeza yA zubhArambha kara diyA / guru zAstrodadhi kA ghana hai, ata: adhyAtma ke kSetra meM prasthAna sadguru ke prati zraddhA se hI sambhava hai| zraddhA meM bhI samyaktva kA AdhAna ho jAya, to sone meM suhAgA kI kahAvata bhI caritArtha ho jAya / santa sadguru kI pahacAna se hI vizvAsa aura vizvAsa se hI zraddhA hotI hai| adhyAtma jagat ke pathika ke ye hI zraddhA aura vizvAsa pAtheya haiN| adhyAtma rAjya kA yaha camatkAra hI hai ki a-bodha sAdhaka ko vizvAsa ho jAtA hai / sAmAnyata: kisI bAta para vizvAsa usakA rahasya jAna lene para hI hotA hai, para saMskAravAn ko a-bodhapUrvaka hI vizvAsa cetanA ke vyApaka aura ajJAta stara para hI ho jAtA hai / kAlidAsa ne kahA hai : "taccetasA smarati nUnamabodhapUrvam / " cetanA kA koI aisA stara bhI hai jo a-bodhapUrvaka [Unconcious state of mind] dezakAla se vyavahita satya kA sAkSAtkAra kara letA hai / saccA mumukSu vahI hai jisameM saccI mumukSA ho aura saccI mumukSA vahIM hotI hai jahA~ cetanA meM nairmalya ho / nirmala cetanA ke stara aise sAdhaka meM kAma karate haiN| phalata: vaha usa antarAtmA kI AvAz2a se paricAlita hokara a-bodhapUrvaka santa sadguru ko pahacAna letA hai, vizvAsa kara letA hai evaM zraddhAgocara kara letA hai| use yaha akAraNa kauMdha jAtA hai ki jJAna ke lie kahA~ jAnA caahie| sAdhanA jagat ke marmajJa abhinavaguptapAdAcArya ne kahA hai ki sAdhaka ko 'guro: guntiraM vrajet' yAnI eka guru se dUsare guru ke pAsa, jo pahale kI apekSA zreSTha hai, jAnA hI caahie| prasaMgAntara hotA jA rahA hai, mujhe kahanA yaha ki sadguru zrI jJAnasAgarajI ke sat nirdezana meM parA aura aparA-ubhayavidha vidhAoM meM kavi-racanAkAra muni zrI vidyAsAgara snAta hote cale gae aura antata: niSNAta ho ge|
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________________ xxx :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA (ga) kavitva kA prathama puSpa : 'guru-stava' mahArAjazrI muni dIkSA ke bAda antas meM sphurita bhAvarAzi ko bhASA meM bA~dhane lage, lipibaddha karane lge| sAdhaka kA apanA prasthAna mArga hotA hai, usake prati use niSThAvAn honA hotA hai / niSThA ke sudRr3hIkaraNa ke lie anya prasthAnocita cintana kA khaNDana bhI karanA par3atA hai / yaha khaNDana, khaNDana ke lie nahIM, pratyut apane prasthAna ke prati apanI zraddhA ke sudRr3hIkaraNa ke lie hotA hai| mahArAjazrI kI 'mUkamATI' kA 'mAnasa-taraMga' isa sandarbha meM ullekhya hai, jahA~ unhoMne apane prasthAna ke anurUpa na par3ane vAle 'Izvara' kA khaNDana kiyA hai aura sraSTA ke rUpa meM anAvazyaka batAyA hai| prasthAna mArga meM calane para anubhUtiyA~ ubharatI haiM, jisase sAdhaka gaharAI se jur3A hotA hai / isameM sArA zreya sadguru kA hotA hai / sAdhaka kA upAya usI ke nirdeza se caritArtha hotA hai, ata: eka tarapha zraddhA meM samyaktva kA AdhAna hotA hai aura dUsarI ora jJAna aura cAritra meM samyaktva kA udaya hotA hai / isa daurAna jo anubhUtiyA~ hotI haiM, eka santa use kAvyabaddha karatA hI hai, yaha usakI vivazatA hai / apane Ananda ko vaha kAvya ke mAdhyama se loka ko bA~TatA hai| isameM use Ananda milatA hai / isIlie santa likhatA hai-'svAntaHsukhAya', para usakA svAntaH sva-para kI saMkIrNa bhAvanA kA atikramaNa kara cukA hotA hai / ata: usakA svAntaHsukha sabakA sukha bana jAtA hai / to maiM kaha yaha rahA thA ki sAdhanA ke daurAna sabase pahale jisake prati zraddhA kA udaya hotA hai, apane vAkpuSpa vaha usI ko car3hAtA hai| mahArAjazrI ne bhI yahI kiyA / inakI pahalI mudrita/upalabdha racanA guru vandanA hI hai / 1971 meM likhita isa guruvandanAmaya kAvya kI saMjJA dI gaI - 'AcAryazrI 108 zAntisAgarajI mahArAja ke pAvana caraNAravinda meM hArdika zraddhAMjali / ' sAdhaka apanI sAdhanA ko loka meM ujAgara karate hue lokamAnyatA kI havA se Darate haiN| eka santapravara ne kahA hai : "lokamAnyatA anala-sama kara tapa kAnana dAhu" - loka prazaMsA vaha Aga hai jo tapa ke udyAna ko bhasma kara DAlatI hai / mahArAjazrI bhI kahate haiM: "lokaiSaNa kI cAha nA, sura-sukha kI nA pyAsa / vidyAsAgara basa banU~, karU~ sva-pada meM vAsa // " (sunIti-zataka) isalie mahArAjazrI use prakAza meM nahIM lAte the, para unake bhakta zrAvakoM ne vaisA nahIM hone diyA, prakAza meM lA hI diyA / phira to zrAvakagaNa ke sAtha mahArAjazrI ne bhI usa guru vandanA ke madhuragAna meM sahayoga pradAna kiyaa| stotra-kAvya kA yaha zubhArambha bar3hatA hI gayA / mahArAjazrI kI zraddhAsikta pratibhA AcArya zrI vIrasAgarajI (1971), AcArya zrI zivasAgarajI (1971) evaM AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI (1973) para bhI umar3a kara kavitA ke rUpa meM barasa par3I / yaha krama bar3hatA hI gayA aura nityaprati nUtana bhAvabhUmiyoM para unakI pratibhAdevI car3hatI gii| isa pravAha meM bhAvanA bhI thI aura usameM sugandha kI taraha vyApta jIvana darzana tathA cintana prasUta mAnyatAe~ bhii| (gha) saMskRta bhASAbaddha zatakoM kI sRSTi ___Alocya racanA 'mUkamATI' se pUrva unakI darjanoM racanAe~ A cukI haiM - gadyabaddha pravacana bhI aura padyabaddha prakIrNa tathA prabandhAtmaka bhI / mahArAjazrI aneka bhASAvid haiM - saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, hindI, kannar3a tathA marAThI jaisI dezabhASAe~ to ve jAnate hI haiM, videzI AMglabhASA ke bhI acche jAnakAra haiM / ApakI racanAe~ prAkRta, saMskRta, hindI, baMgalA, kannar3a aura aMgrejI meM hI prAya: haiN| 'mUkamATI' (1988)* hindI bhASA meM nibaddha hai| usa taka kI prAtibha yAtrA * Alekhana prArambha - zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra pisanahArI kI mar3hiyA, jabalapura, madhyapradeza meM Ayojita grantharAja 'SaTkhaNDAgama vAcanA zivira' (caturtha) ke prArambhika divasa, bIsaveM tIrthakara munisuvratanAtha ke dIkSA kalyANaka divasavaizAkha kRSNa dazamI, vIra nirvANa saMvat 2510, vikrama saMvat 2041, budhavAra, 25 apraila, 1984 / zrI digambara jaina siddhakSetra nainAgirijI, chatarapura, madhyapradeza meM Ayojita zrI majjinendra paMcakalyANaka evaM traya gajaratha mahotsava ke daurAna kevalajJAna kalyANaka divasa- mAgha zukla trayodazI, vIra nirvANa saMvat 2513, vikrama saMvat 2043, budhavAra, 11 pharavarI, 1987 ko huaa| samApana
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xxxi pUrvavartI aneka racanAoM se guz2arane ke bAda huI hai| saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha prAyaH utkRSTa racanAe~ zramaNa-zatakam'(1974), 'bhAvanA-zatakam' (1975), niraJjana-zatakam' (1977), parISahajaya zatakam' (1982), 'sunIti zatakam' (1983) evaM inhIM pA~coM zatakoM kA usI kAlAvadhi meM hindI padyAnuvAda tathA 'zAradAstutiriyam' (1971)- paMcazatI' saMjJaka kRti meM saMkalita haiN| ina sabakA viSaya dhArmika aura AdhyAtmika hai, parantu abhivyakti zailI kAvyocita hai / arthAlaMkAroM se kAvyocita ramaNIyatA AtI hai, para zabdAlaMkAroM se vaha ramaNIyatA nahIM aatii| itanA avazya hai ki zabdAlaMkAravizeSakara yamaka, anuprAsa tathA muraja bandhAdi citra-kA sanniveza prayoktA aura grahItA donoM ke lie durUha hai / mahArAjazrI ne isa cunautI kA nirvAha kiyA hai| arthagata ramaNIyatA kI dRSTi se ise adhama kAvya kI saMjJA avazya dI gaI hai, parantu isameM racanA karane vAlA jAnatA hai ki usakA nirvAha kitanA zramasAdhya hai / ina zatakoM meM sunIti-zatakam' kI bhASA prAMjala hai para zeSa zatakoM kI durUha / zabdakrIr3A kI yaha pravRtti itihAsa meM pratyeka mahAkavi meM vidyamAna hai - cAhe vaha vAlmIki hoM yA kAlidAsa / mAgha aura bhAravi kI to bAta hI bhinna hai| paravartI racanAoM meM to pANDitya pradarzana eka pravRtti hI bana gaI / mahArAjazrI kI ina racanAoM kA samAkalana stotrakAvyoM kI zataka paramparA meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| vaise ina racanAoM meM stotra kA hI svara nahIM hai, vibhinna aura bhI saMjJAnurUpa dhArmika, AdhyAtmika tathA nItiparaka viSaya bhI haiN| (Ga) hindI meM kavitva kA unmeSa aura vikAsa ____ hindI meM racanAoM kA nirmANa assI IsvI ke dazaka meM Arambha hotA hai / Arambha hone ke bAda phira kabhI vicchinna nahIM huA, viparIta isake ki samRddha hI hotA gayA / isa krama meM narmadA kA narama kaMkara' sambhavata: pahalA kAvya saMkalana hai| yoM to hindI meM racanAe~ pahale se hI prakIrNaka rUpa meM hotI A rahI thIM, para saMkalana ke rUpa meM yaha pahalA prayAsa hai| isake bAda ke adhikAMza saMkalana'84 meM yA usake bAda prakAza meM Ae haiN| ina saMkalanoM se guz2ara jAne ke bAda 'mUkamATI' ke AvirbhAva ke aneka sUtra-saMketa mila jAte haiN| aise saMkalanoM meM ukta saMkalana ke atirikta 'totA kyoM rotA? 'DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI' tathA 'cetanA ke gaharAva meM - kA vizeSa mahattva hai| vizeSa mahattva isalie hai ki eka to ye sabhI muktachanda meM nibaddha haiM arthAt ina racanAoM meM mahArAjazrI kA hAtha muktachanda meM ma~ja cukA hai / dUsare, ina racanAoM se isa savAla kA javAba bhI mila jAtA hai ki Alocya mahAkAvya kA viSaya 'mATI' jaisI upekSita vastu ko kyoM banAyA gayA ? yoM to hindI kAvya paramparA meM 'mATI' kA yazogAna aura usake sAtha kumbhakAra' kA sambandha pahale se hI milatA hai| udAharaNa ke lie kavivara harivaMzarAya baccana kI hI nimnalikhita paMktiyA~ lI jA sakatI haiM : "he kumbhakAra, merI miTTI ko/aura na aba hairAna kro|" (ca) 'mUkamATI' kI bhUmikA meM upayogI kaNa ___ mahArAjazrI kI racanAoM meM bhI isake saMketa vidyamAna haiN| narmadA ke narama kaMkara para hI unakI dRSTi kyoM gaI ? kAraNa kyA hai ? asala meM lagatA hai ki vaha cU~ki svayam banane kI prakriyA meM haiM, calate jA rahe haiM : brahmacArI se kSullaka, ailaka, muni aura AcArya banane ke krama meM haiM, bhale hI ye brahmacArI se sIdhe hI muni pada aura bAda meM AcArya pada para pratiSThita hue haiN| ata: unakA dhyAna sambhAvanAoM se maNDita sAmAnya padArtha kI ora hI z2yAdA jAtA hai| narmadA ke kaMkara banane ke krama meM kitanA saMgharSa jhelate haiM, isa saMgharSa ko jhelakara usameM zAligrAma kA sughara rUpa ubharatA hai, jo pUjya bana jAtA hai / miTTI meM kyA kucha banane kI sambhAvanA nahIM hai ? zarta itanI hI hai ki sadhA huA zilpI mila jAya / kramAgata mahAkAvya zalAkApuruSoM kA yazogAna karate haiM, dhIrodAtta nAyaka-nAyikAoM kA yazogAna karate haiN|
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________________ xxxii :: : mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'narmadA kA narama kaMkara' se sAkSya mahArAjazrI ke kAvya saMkalana 'narmadA kA narama kaMkara' ke 'narama kaMkara' kI sthiti dekheM / vaha kyoM kucha kahane kI preraNA detA hai ? 'prakAzakIya' meM bAbUlAla pATodI kI sambhAvanA se maiM sahamata huuN| vaha bhI yahI uttara dete haiM : "aisA muni-kavi jisakI rAheM kA~ToM kI haiM, kaMkarIlI haiM, pASANI haiM, jise aharniza bhItara-bAhara calanA-hI-calanA hai, racanA kara rahA ho " - vaha aura kise pratIka banAegA ? vaha kahatA hai : "yugoM-yugoM se / jIvana vinAzaka sAmagrI se / saMgharSa karatA huA apane meM nihita / vikAsa kI pUrNa kSamatA sa~joye / ananta guNoM kA saMrakSaNa karatA huA/AyA hU~ / kintu Aja taka / azuddhatA kA vikAsa / hrAsa zuddhatA kA vikAsa / prakAza / kevala anumAna kA / viSaya rahA vizvAsa vicAra sAkAra kahA~ hue ? / basa ! aba nivedana hai / ki / yA to isa kaMkara ko phor3a-phor3a kara/pala bhara meM / kaNa-kaNa kara / zUnya meM / uchAla samApta kara do / anyathA / ise / sundara suDaula / zaMkara kA rUpa pradAna kara avilamba / isameM / ananta guNoM kI / prANa pratiSThA / kara do hRdaya meM apUrva niSThA lie / yaha kinnara / akiMcana kiMkara narmadA kA narama kaMkara/caraNoM meM/upasthita huA hai vizva vyAdhi ke pralayaMkara / tIrthaMkara ! / zaMkara !" racanAkAra sAdhaka hai / sAdhanA kAla meM usa para bIta rahI hai, vaha bAdhAoM se guz2ara rahA hai, parISahoM aura upasargoM se saMgharSa kara rahA hai, para vaha hatAza nahIM hai| kAraNa, use sambhAvanAoM para vizvAsa hai, apane prasthAna ke prati gaharI niSThA hai, vizvavyAdhi ke pralayaMkara, zaMkara tIrthaMkara ke caraNoM meM upasthita hai / tar3apa dikhAI par3a rahI hai, jo kahatA hai : " pAU~ kahA~ hari hAya tumheM, dharatI meM dhauM ki akAsahiM cIrauM / " vaha bIca meM laTakanA nahIM caahtaa| kaMkara jaisA pratIka sAdhaka yA to ghanaghora tapasyA ke A~dhI-tUphAna meM ise ni:zeSa hI kara degA yA ise sundara, suDaula banAkara dama legA | adhyAtma ke pathikoM meM prajvalita yahI tar3apa, abhIpsA aura becainI usakA sAttvika pAtheya hai| spaSTa hI ukta racanA meM sAdhaka tapasvI apane ko ananta sambhAvanAoM se saMvalita 'kaMkara - patthara' hI mAnatA hai / sAdhanA belA meM aTUTa vizvAsa ke sAtha prasthita muni kI prAtibha cetanA meM svabhAva meM aise hI pratIka ubhreNge| jisakA uttara svabhAva meM nihita ho, usakA uttara 'vibhAva' meM kyoM DhU~r3hA jAya ? isalie vArtAlApa ke prasaMga meM DaoN. mAcave dvArA uThAyA gayA savAla ki AcAryazrI ne 'mATI' kA pratIka kyoM liyA, yahA~ samAhita ho jAtA hai| isa racanA ke Aloka meM isa savAla kA bhI samAdhAna nihita hai ki prastuta Alocya kRti mukta chanda meM kyoM likhI gaI ? isa uparyukta uddhRta racanA meM jisa Avega kA visphoTa hai vaha 'mukta chanda' meM hI vyakta ho sakatA hai, isameM jisa snAyavika tanAva se unmukti kA ehasAsa hotA hai, vaha mukta chanda meM hI vyakta ho sakatA hai| jaba Avega nayA hai to vaha apanI abhivyakti kA rAstA bhI nayA hI bnaaegaa| layabaddhatA honI cAhie, chanda ke kramAgata DhA~ce aparyApta par3a jAya~ to par3anA hI caahie|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xxxiii 'DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI' kA sAkSya ____ isa sandarbha meM 'DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI' (1984 meM prakAzita saMgraha kI 'DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI' kavitA) kA bhI anAyAsa smaraNa ho AtA hai| yaha atyanta bhAvAvegamayI dArzanika racanA hai| jisameM racayitA kA svabhAva bolatA hai, usakI aisI hI pariNati hotI hai / racanAkAra kahatA hai : "yaha bAta satya hai/ki/DubakI vahI lagA sakatA/jo tairanA jAnatA hai jo nahIM jAnatA/vaha DUba sakatA hai/DUbatA hI hai| DUbanA aura DubakI lagAne meM/utanA hI antara hai jitanA/mRtyu aura jIvana meN|" DubakI lagAtA hai gotAkhora, gahare meM gaharI vastu kI upalabdhi ke lie, para yadi vaha tairanA nahIM jAnatA to lakSya prApti ke sAtha Upara A nahIM sktaa| tairane ke lie jaise Arambha meM tumbI jaisI kisI vastu kA avalamba Avazyaka hai / dhyAna bhI DubakI hai, para niravalamba / niravalamba samAdhi sAvalamba samAdhi ke abhyAsa se hI pAI jA sakatI hai| ata: sAvalamba dhyAna Avazyaka hai / tairanA jAnanA Avazyaka hai DubakI lagAne ke lie, anyathA sAdhaka DUba jAyagA / DubakI lakSya prApti ke bAda Upara uTha jAne ke lie lagAI jAtI hai / DUbatA vaha hai jisa para AvaraNa kA labAdA car3hA huA hai| tiratA vaha hai, Upara uThatA vaha hai jo AvaraNa kA nAza kara halakA ho jAtA hai| dhyAna isI halake hone kA sAdhana hai| yaha racanA bhI abhyAsI ke abhyAsarata svabhAva aura anubhava se phUTI hai, isIlie usameM prasAda, pravAha, Avega aura prAMjalatA hai / DubakI lagAne vAle ke lie tairanA jAnanA par3atA hai para DubakI lagAte samaya tairanA aura tairane kA abhyAsa ho jAne ke bAda sahAre ke lie gRhIta tumbI kA tyAga bhI Avazyaka hai, anyathA DubakI ke lie apekSita ekatAnatA pratihata ho jAyagI / sAdhaka ke lie lakSya prApti ke nimitta nirvikalpaka kA aura nirvikalpaka ke lie savikalpaka kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai, para ina sahAroM ko uttarottara chor3anA bhI par3atA hai| kAraNa, antata: ye bhI bAdhaka hI rahate haiN| abhiprAya yaha ki sAdhanA belA kI anubhUti kI ye racanAe~ sva-bhAva kA svAbhAvika samucchalana haiN| ye racanAe~ abhyAsa sAdhya yA sAyAsa nahIM haiN| 'totA kyoM rotA?' kA sAkSya AcAryazrI pratIka kI hI bhASA meM bolate haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki 'naI kavitA' bimboM meM bolatI hai, para rahasyavAdI rahasyadarzI pratIkoM meM bolatA hai| pratIka bhASA kI sarvocca zakti hai, usameM saMketa aura vyaMjanA kI asIma kSamatA hai / AlaMkArika bhASA se bar3I hai varNya kI svabhAvamayI bimbAtmaka bhASA aura usase bhI bar3I hai varNya-dRzya kI taha meM nihita adRzya ko sampreSita karane vAlI pratIka bhASA / AcAryazrI isI bhASA meM bolate haiM / dekhie 'totA kyoM rotA?' (hindI divasa' - 14 sitambara '84 ko prakAzita saMgraha) meM saba kucha pratIka hI to hai / dAtA kA pratIka vRkSa, grahItA kA pratIka atithi kI pAtratA, inakA-unakA har3apa kara dAna dene kA dambha bharane vAle akarmaNya kA pratIka totA aura phala ko bandhana se mukti dilAne meM sahAyaka sapUta kA pratIka pavana / pAtra ke prati nirabhimAna samarpaNa bhI bandhanamukti kA eka upakrama hI hai / totA akarmaNya kA pratIka hai, ata: dAna kA marma samajha kara vaha glAni se bhara uThatA hai, rotA hai / use bhI vRkSa kI taraha taporata hokara saphala honA hai tAki satpAtra ke prati ni:svArtha Atmavisarjana kara bandhana se mukta ho ske| 'cetanA ke gaharAva meM" kA sAkSya pratIkamayI bhASA kA prayoga vahI kara sakatA hai jo cetanA ke gaharAva' meM utarakara anubhava ke ratna kamA cukA
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________________ xxxiv :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA hai| mahArAjazrI ThIka kahate haiM ki 'jahA~ na pahu~ce ravi, vahA~ pahu~ce kavi' / isake Age kA satya yaha hai ki jahA~ na pahu~ce kavi, vahA~ pahu~ce svAnubhavI' / yaha sva-anubhava 'cetanA ke gaharAva' se AtA hai / bAhara kA anubhava AlaMkArika aura bimbAtmaka bhASA meM ubhara sakatA hai, para 'cetanA ke gaharAva' kA anubhava pratIka bhASA meM hI ubharatA hai, ubhara sakatA hai| pratIka bhASA ke sAtha-sAtha zabdoM se krIr3A karane kI pravRtti bhI inhIM racanAoM se phUTatI lakSita hotI hai| vAlmIki, kAlidAsa aura bhavabhUti bhI zabdakrIr3A karate haiM, isake lie unakI racanAe~ dekhI jA sakatI haiN| dekhie, cetanA ke gaharAva meM' (1988 meM prakAzita saMgraha kI 'tuma kaise pAgala ho' nAmaka kavitA) se yaha zabda krIr3A kisa prakAra apanA mArga DhU~r3hatI hai : "reta retila se nahIM/re ! tila se/tela nikala sakatA hai nikalatA hI hai vidhivat nikAlane se/...ye saba nItiyA~ sabako jJAta haiM/kintu hita kyA hai ?/ahita kyA hai ? hita kisa meM nihita hai kahA~ jJAta hai ?/kise jJAta hai ? mAno jJAta bhI ho tumheM/zAbdika mAtra !/anyathA ahita panya ke pathika/kaise bane ho tuma/nija ko taja jar3a kA manthana karate ho/tuma kaise pAgala ho/tuma kaise 'pAga' laho ?" abhyAsarata jIvana hI racanA kA utsa uparyukta uddhRta racanA ko dekheM / zabda krIr3AmayI rekhAMkita paMktiyoM ko dekheM / kaha sakatA hai koI ki yaha zabda krIr3A sAyAsa hai ! yahA~ akrIr3a paMkti se sakrIr3a paMkti svata: sphUrta hai| 'mUkamATI' kI kathAvastu, usakI pratIka bhASA aura usameM lakSita zabda krIr3A kA itihAsa eka krama se svayaM AtA gayA hai| 'mUkamATI' kI prakRti ke paramANu ina pUrvavartI racanAoM meM vidyamAna haiN| isakI AlocanA ke lie pUrvavartI racanAoM kA manana-manthana Avazyaka hI nahIM, anivArya bhI hai| isalie yaha pUchane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai ki prakAnta viSayavastu kI preraNA kA bIja kahA~ nihita hai ? sAdhaka ke abhyAsI jIvana meM hI usakA utsa hai| racanA AtmAbhivyakti hI nahIM, sampreSaNa bhI hai vArtAlApa meM DaoN. mAcave ne eka dUsarA savAla bhI khar3A kiyA gayA hai ki AcAryazrI kavitA ko AtmAbhivyakti mAnate haiM yA sampreSaNa ? para isakA uttara lene yA dene se pUrva pahalI jijJAsA para thor3A aura vicAra kara lenA caahie| 'mUkamATI' kA vikAsa unake taporata usa svabhAva se huA hai jahA~ ve saMgharSazIla haiM, mUlyoM aura mAnyatAoM ko jIte hue apamUlyoM ke gurutvAkarSaNa se jUjha rahe haiM, tabhI 'narmadA kA narama kaMkara' nikalA / usI saMgharSa kA svara hai 'DUbo mata, lagAo ddubkii'| paudgalika karmoM kA labAdA or3he rahoge to vaz2anadArI Dubo degI, ise pheMka kara halake bano aura tadartha DUbakara tira jAo, DUbakara mAnyatAoM aura mUlyoM ko jio| 'cetanA ke gaharAva meM utro| isa saMgraha meM bhI totA kyoM rotA ?' kavitA kA rahanA 'mUkamATI' ke vikAsa kI pUrvavartI bhAva zrRMkhalA kI karAmAta hai| mahArAjazrI jisakA pravacana karate haiM, use jIte haiM aura jise jIte haiM, anubhava karate haiM, use likhate haiN| isIlie vaha asarakArI hotA hai| usameM Avega ke jvAra-bhATe hote haiM, isIlie ve rUr3ha chandoM ke DhA~ce ko aparyApta pAkara tor3a dete haiM aura mukta chanda pakar3ate haiN| 'totA kyoM rotA ?' kA 'mUkamATI' ke sandarbha meM mahattva 'totA kyoM rotA ?' eka dIrgha pragIta yA lambI racanA hai| isameM 'mUkamATI' kA pUrvarUpa lakSita hotA hai| isameM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xxxv bhI pratIka yA rUpaka paddhati para kathA hai aura kathA ke bhItara kathA hai, jinake sahAre jina-siddhAntoM kA AkhyAna hai / vizeSa smaraNIya yaha hai ki ye siddhAnta apanI prakRti meM sAmpradAyika hokara bhI sArvabhauma prakRti ke haiM, isIlie vaha sAmpradAyika racanA nahIM, kAvya hai / isameM bhI prakRti ke pariveza meM tapI dharatI para nagna-pAda AmrapAdapa khar3A hai, dAtA ke rUpa meM, pAtra kI pratIkSA hai / udyamI pathika AtA hai, para dAtA meM dAtA hone kA aham ubharatA hai jo ayAcaka pathika ko khaTakatA hai / vaha bhI mAna-sammAna ke sAtha dAna cAhatA hai / mokSamArga meM donoM kI vRtti bAdhaka hai| isa saMvAda - mauna saMvAda - ko vahA~ baiThA huA nissaMga totA sunatA hai, jo na upArjita phala kA dAtA hai aura na yAcaka / dAna kA phala pAnA cAhatA hai, para zramapUrvaka upArjana kie binA / nissaMga bhAva se jaba vaha apanI isa vRtti kA mAnasa sAkSAtkAra karatA hai to apane akarmaNya jIvana para glAni se bhara uThatA hai aura cAhatA hai ki vaha bhI zramI bane, tapasvI bane evaM phalopArjana kare / isa bIca phala meM nirahaMkAra AtmadAna kA bhAva jagatA hai| vRkSaputra suputra pavana kI sahAyatA cAhatA hai| use bhI pitA kI vRtti para kheda hotA hai / phala vRnta-bandhana se mukta hone kI kAmanA meM pavana kI sahAyatA prApta karatA hai aura sasammAna tapasvI pathika ke pAtra kA AhvAna karatA hai, phira jo mukti phala ko cAhie, vaha mila jAtI hai / eka pragIta meM yaha anyokti sUkti muktikA kI bhA~ti DhalI huI hai / kitanA kAvyocita kAvyarUpa hai ! anubhUti ke jala meM snAta hone se isameM prabhAvI prabodha-utpAdana kI kSamatA hai / 'mUkamATI' aise hI pragIta muktakoM kI pIThikA para AkAra pAtI hai / rAmacandra zukla ne kavitA kyA hai' zIrSaka nibandha meM prakRti ke aise ramaNIya vyApAroM se mArmika tathya nikAlane vAloM kI pratibhA kI prazaMsA kI hai| unhoMne jaise 'kAmAyanI' ko pragItoM kA samuccaya kahA hai, usI prakAra 'mUkamATI' ko bhI saMvAda-muktakoM kA samuccaya kahA jA sakatA hai - isa vyatireka ke sAtha ki una saMvAda-muktakoM meM ghaTa kI AtmakathA Adyanta sUtra kI bhA~ti anusyUta hai| isa prakAra DaoN. mAcave kI prathama jijJAsA sahaja hI samAhita ho jAtI hai| sampreSaNavAdI kA pakSa-AtmAbhivyaktivAdI kA pakSa samprati, dUsarI jijJAsA dekhI jAya / racanA AtmAbhivyakti hai yA sampreSaNa ? racanA kA sambandha cetanA kI ajJAta gaharAiyoM se jor3ane vAlA manovettA to yahI mAnatA hai ki racanA ho jAtI hai, 'kI' nahIM jaatii| vaha AtmAbhivyakti hai, eka visphoTa hai, jo cetanA ke ajJAta stara se hotA hai / jJAnacetanA ke stara kA ahaMkAramUlaka kartRtva yA to prasupta rahatA hai athavA samarpita hokara mAdhyama bana jAtA hai aura jo kucha honA hai, hotA rahatA hai / dUsarA pakSa mAnatA hai ki cetanA kA utsa samAja hai / vaha samAja meM sattA kA AsAdana karatI hai aura jisa 'bhASA' kA sahArA pakar3atI hai, vaha samAja kI hI dena hai| ata: sampreSaNa bhI racayitA ke svabhAva meM hai / usakA 'sva' itanA vikasita aura vyApaka hai ki usameM samasta 'para' samAhita haiN| racayitA kA vyaktihRdaya lokahRdaya hotA hai, usakI nijI anubhUti meM sarvasAmAnya kI hissedArI hotI hai / isIlie kahatA hai vaha 'svAntaH sukhAya', para nimagna hotA hai sArA loka / saMskAra pAtA hai sArA pAThaka smaaj| anekAntavAdI samanvayI dRSTi racayitA ke hRdaya kA bhAra tabhI utaratA hai jaba vaha auroM meM saMvAda pAtA hai / matalaba prayojana kI dRSTi se 'prIti' aura 'vyutpatti' kI bhA~ti 'AtmAbhivyakti' aura sampreSaNa meM bhI Atyantika virodha nahIM hai / AtmAbhivyakti sAmAjika kriyA hai aura sAmAjika meM hI caritArtha hotI hai| ata: AtmAbhivyakti kahIM mUla meM hI sampreSaNa hai, sambodhya ke lie hai| loka usake lakSya meM ajJAtabhAva se hI sahI, avazya vidyamAna hai| mahArAjazrI loka-maMgala kI bhAvanA se to paricAlita haiM hI, una siddhAntoM ko jiyA hai unhone, ata: anubhUti paricAlita bhI haiN| "prakhara cintakoM dArzanikoM/tattva-vidoM se bhI aisI/anubhUti-paraka paMktiyA~ prAya: nahIM milatI jo/Aja agni se sunane miliiN|" (pR. 287)
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________________ xxxvi:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA svAnubhUti kA prakAzana yoM hI acchA lagatA hai - loka maMgala ho, isa kAraNa aura acchA lagatA hai| vaha sampreSaNa ke viSaya meM 'mUkamATI' meM kahate haiM : "vicAroM ke aikya se/AcAroM ke sAmya se/sampreSaNa meM/nikhAra AtA hai, varanA/vikAra AtA hai !/binA bikharAva/upayoga kI dhArA kA dRr3ha-taToM se saMyata,/sarakana-zIlA saritA-sI/lakSya kI ora bar3hanA hI sampreSaNa kA sahI svarUpa hai/hA~ ! hA~ !! isa viSaya meM vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki sampreSya ke prati/kabhI bhUlakara bhI/adhikAra kA bhAva AnA sampreSaNa kA durupayoga hai,/vaha phalIbhUta bhI nahIM hotA!/aura, sahakAra kA bhAva AnA/sadupayoga hai, sArthaka hai| sampreSaNa vaha khAda hai/jisase, ki/sadbhAvoM kI paudha puSTa-sampuSTa hotI hai|" (pR. 22-23) ina paMktiyoM ke Aloka meM lagatA hai ki mahArAjazrI kA sampreSaNa kI ora jhukAva hai / lokamaMgalakAmI meM yaha honA hI cAhie / zAstrakAvya meM sampreSaNa kI bhAvanA balavatI hotI hI hai / parantu sampreSaNa kA jo svarUpa uparyukta paMktiyoM meM vyakta hai, vaha starIya hai / usameM nikhAra ke lie vicAroM kA samanvaya aura AcAragata sAmya cAhie / lakSya kI ora ekatAnatA hI usakA sahI svarUpa hai / yaha vaha khAda hai jisase sadbhAvoM kI paudha puSTa-sampuSTa hotI hai| sAtha hI yaha ki sampreSya para hAvI hone se sampreSaNa kA svarUpa bigar3atA hai, phalata:use bhoga rUpa meM sahakArI hI honA caahie| 'mUkamATI'- kAvyatva aura kAvyarUpa uparyukta vivecana ke Aloka meM spaSTa hai ki prastuta racanA loka-maMgala kI bhAvanA se likhI gaI hai| isameM una mUlyoM kA saMvAdoM dvArA upasthApana hai jo mAnava ko vibhAva' se 'sva-bhAva-sAkSAtkAra kI dizA meM le jAte haiN| mahArAjazrI ne ina mUlyoM ko jiyA hai / ata: unheM sampreSaNa hI nahIM, svAnubhUti kA rasa bhI 'svAntaH sukhAya' paricAlita karatA hai| isa paddhati se sampreSaNa ke bIja unakI pUrvavartI racanAoM meM lakSita hote haiN| usI kA yaha prabandha kI dharA para sahaja vikAsa hai / isameM AtmAbhivyakti bhI hai aura sampreSaNa bhI, svAnubhUti kA ullAsa bhI paricAlaka hai aura loka-maMgala kI kAmanA bhii| mahAkAvyoM meM mUlyagAna kI paramparA Upara yaha mAnyatA rakhI gaI hai ki prastuta racanA zuddha kavitA nahIM, zAstrakAvya hai / sahRdaya AcAryo kI dhAraNA hai ki vastuta: kAvya saMvedanA kA samucchalana hai| AdikAvya rAmAyaNa kI racanA prakriyA kA vizleSaNa karate hue Anandavarddhana aura abhinavaguptapAdAcArya ne kAvya ko sarjanAtmaka anubhUti kA hI rUpAntaraNa mAnA hai, zAstrIya mAnyatAoM kA rocaka upasthApana mAtra nahIM; go ki vAlmIki ne apane mahAkAvya kI racanA ke upayukta nAyaka kI talAza meM nArada ke sAmane jo mAnadaNDa rakhe the, ve mAnava mUlyoM ke hI the| una mUlyoM se maNDita nAyaka ke jIvana ke kalAtmaka udrekhaNa ke vyAja se maharSi una mUlyoM kA hI gAna karanA cAhatA hai| mahAbhArata ke bhI Adi, anta aura madhya meM bhagavAn vAsudeva hI vidyamAna mahAkAvya kI do dhArAe~ jaisA ki Upara kahA gayA hai, samasyA kAvyasAmagrI ke saMyojana meM die gae balAbala kA hai| koI rasAtmaka prabhAva ko kendra meM rakha kara usake anurUpa samucita sAmagrI kA saMyojana karegA jabaki dUsarA mUlyoM ke rocaka DhaMga se
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xxxvii upasthApana meM ruci pradarzita karegA / anubhUti aura mUlya yojanA donoM hI dhArAoM meM hai| prathama dhArA meM sthAyI kA cetana meM vidhAna hogA aura hRdaya jagat ke bhAvoM kI U~cAiyA~, gaharAiyA~, vividhatA aura vyApakatA prabhAvI hoMgI, mUlya carcA AnuSaMgika aura dUsarI dhArA meM yaha saba abhivyakti paddhati meM A jAyagA, kathya kA svara upadezaparaka hogaa| yahA~ sAdhanArata muni apane jIvana krama se prerita hokara 'sambhAvanAoM' ko 'upalabdhi' kI maMz2ila kI yAtrA karA rahA hai jabaki pahalI dhArA meM upalabdhi banI mahAn AtmAoM kI rasamaya jIvanagAthA prastuta kI jAtI hai| sambhAvanAe~ upalabdhi banatI haiN| mUlyoM ke prati AsthAvAn hokara unheM jIne se lakSya kI prApti hotI hai / sambhAvanA pratisattA meM vidyamAna hai / isa lie pratIka kA mAdhyama grahaNa karanA kAvyocita saraNi hai / prastuta yA pradhAna cetana mAnava hI hai, para vyaMjanA se usakI kathA aura bhI prabhAvI tathA kAvyocita hai / 'mUkamATI' kA kavi - yuga kA kavi saritA - taTa kI mUkamATI asIma sambhAvanAoM se saMvalita hai, bhale hI vaha pada dalita, upekSita aura nagaNya lagatI ho| isameM prastuta nagaNya mAnava hI hai, jo apanI UrdhvagAmI aparimeya sambhAvanAoM meM gaNanIya hai / ata: isake kAvyatva para a~gulI uThAnA asahRdayatA hogii| dUsare Aja kA takAdA bhI avAma ko uThAne kA hai| pahale maMca para glaimara (udAtta) abhinIta hotA thA, Aja maMca para sAmAnya jiMdagI abhinIta hotI hai| pahale upalabdhi kA yazogAna hotA thA, Aja sambhAvanAoM kA saMgharSa gAyA jAtA hai / sAdhanA aura saMgharSa jitanA sambhAvanA ko upalabdhi banane meM sahaja aura preraNAprada hai, utanA ulaTe rAste calakara nahIM / carita kAvyoM aura purANa kAvyoM meM bhI saMgharSa hai, para donoM kA yuga-bheda hai| eka saMgharSazIla taporata muni apane yuga ke sAtha cala rahA hai aura sambhAvanAmayI virAT sattA ke beTe yA beTI kI kathA kaha rahA hai / usake kAvya kA viSaya virAT sattA hI hai / prastuta vahI hai, yaha aprastuta hai / kAvya svarUpa viSayaka do dhArAe~ jo loga vividhavidha paristhitiyoM ke bIca cetana mAnava ko Azraya banAkara bhAvanAoM kA Avarjaka rUpa, usake jvAra-bhAToM ke kAvyagata kalAgata udrekhaNa ke pakSadhara haiM, unakA bhI eka pakSa hai, para unheM smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki Alocya kRti kA racayitA eka jaina santa hai, AdhyAtmika yAtrA kA kRtArtha pathika hai / usakI kAvya sambandhI avadhAraNA kucha aura hai, yaha nahIM ki vaha isase asahamata hai / paramparA meM pIche kI ora caleM, spaSTa hI kAvya kI do pratinidhi paribhASAe~ mileMgI - eka sAhityarasika AcArya kuntaka kI aura dUsarI adhyAtmarasika gosvAmI tulasIdAsa kI / kuntaka kahate haiM - vakrokti hI kAvya kA jIvita hai aura vakrokti 'prasiddha prasthAnavyatirekiNI vicitra abhidhA' hai, vakrabhaNiti hai, parantu isa vakratA kA parama rahasya pratibhA nAma kI tIsarI A~kha se dRSTa varNyavastu kA 'svabhAva' nirUpaNa hai / sarjanAtmaka anubhUti kI cArutA sampreSita karane vAlA saTIka zabda hI kAvya hai / gosvAmIjI kA pakSa hai : "bhaniti bicitra sukabi kRta joU, rAma nAma binu soha na soU / " arthAt sukavikRta 'vicitra yA vakrabhaNiti' hI kyoM na ho, para kAvya ke lie jisa taraha kI 'cArutA' kA honA Avazyaka hai vaha AdhyAtmika cetanA ke saMsparza ke binA sambhava nahIM hai / kAvyocita cArutA kA srota AdhyAtmika tA hai| hA~, vaha anubhUti ke stara kI ho, mAtra bauddhika stara kI nahIM / racayitA ne use jiyA ho, tabhI usake zabdabaddha samucchalana meM pAThaka ko rasa AegA, usakA Anandavardhana hogA, jJAnavarddhana to hogA hI / racayitA bar3e AtmavizvAsa ke sAtha kahatA hai : " isa para bhI yadi / tumheM / zramaNa - sAdhanA ke viSaya meM / aura
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________________ xxxviii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA akSaya sukha-sambandha meM/vizvAsa nahIM ho rahA ho/to phira aba antima kucha kahatA hU~/ki,/ kSetra kI nahIM,/AcaraNa kI dRSTi se maiM jahA~ para hU~/vahA~ Akara dekho mujhe,/tumheM hogI merI sahI-sahI pahacAna/kyoMki/Upara se nIce dekhane se/cakkara AtA hai aura/nIce se Upara kA anumAna/lagabhaga galata nikalatA hai / isIlie ina/zabdoM para vizvAsa lAo,/hA~, hA~ !! vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI/avazya milegI/magara mArga meM nahIM, maMz2ila para !" (pR. 487-488) racayitA kI sAhitya viSayaka avadhAraNA gosvAmI tulasIdAsa, jo nAbhAdAsa ke zabdoM meM 'kalikulajIvanistArahita vAlmIki ke hI, Adi kavi ke hI, avatAra haiM' kI paramparA meM muni vidyAsAgara kI bhI sAhitya svarUpa viSayaka avadhAraNA ko dRSTigata kreN| unakA pakSa hai - sAhitya sahita kA bhAva hai aura 'sahita' meM 'hita' nihita hai : / "artha yaha huA ki/jisa ke avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava - sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai/anyathA,/surabhi se virahita puSpa-sama sukha kA rAhitya hai vaha/sAra-zUnya zabda-jhuNDa ..!" (pR. 111) racayitA 'svabhAva-sukha' ko sukha kahatA hai| vahI jIvanta aura zAzvata sAhitya meM vyApta sugandha hai jisase rahita hone para sukavi kRta bhaNiti 'vicitra' hokara bhI sArahIna zabda-jhuNDa hai / racayitA jisa zAnta rasa ko rasarAja mAnatA hai, use zabdabaddha kara rahA hai, para zAnta' kI pAryantika anubhUti vAgbaddha nahIM ho sktii| usakI saMgharSamaya sAdhanAvasthA hI zabdabaddha ho sakatI hai| 'dazarUpaka' aura usake TIkAkAra dhanika dhanaMjaya kahate haiM : "na yatra duHkhaM na sukhaM na cintA na dveSarAgau na ca kaacidicchaa| rasastu zAnta: kathito munIndraiH sarveSu bhAveSu zamapradhAnaH // "4/46 / / zAnta rasa AtmasvarUpAyatti hai, ata: svarUpata: vaha anirvacanIya hai, ata: usake upAya kA hI varNana aura AsvAda ho sakatA hai| prastuta kRti zAnta rasa kI saMvedanA kA rUpAntaraNa hai __ Alocya grantha meM zAnta rasa svarUpa svabhAva-sukha' kI maMz2ila taka pahu~cane ke lie saMgharSazIla, taporata sambhAvanAmayI mATI, jo ghaTa kA upAdAna hai, kI hI to AtmakathA kahI gaI hai| ghaTa kA upAdAna mATI mahAsattA mA~ dharatI kA hI aMza hai / isIlie racayitA sthAna-sthAna para dharatI ke vyAja se usa mahAsattA kA stavana karatA hai aura gagana se bhI adhika usa mAtA dharatI kI mahattA kA khyApana karatA hai / yahI virAT mAtR sattA hI isa kAvya kA varNya hai| jisa prakAra rAmAyaNa meM rAma, mahAbhArata meM 'vAsudeva'aura rAmacaritamAnasa ke Adi, madhya tathA avasAna meM 'rAma' kA hI yazogAna hai, usI prakAra yahA~ bhI mAtR sattA virAT cetanA - virAT sattA - vyApaka sattA ('dharatI' se vyaMjita prastuta) kA yazogAna hai| isa prakAra yaha pratIka kAvya hai, ghaTopAdAna mATI usI kA aMza hai / yaha ghaTa Izvaratva paryavasAyinI sambhAvanA vAle
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xxxix sAdhaka jIva kA pratIka hai| isIlie vyAsa ne 'naratvaM durlabhaM loke' kahA hai| kavitva ke ucchalana kA srota-pratIka paddhati __ zAnta kA sthAyI bhAva zama yA nirveda hai jo samastatRSNAkSayasukhAtmA' hai| vAcya rUpa meM ghaTa se vyaMjita pratIyamAna taporata sAdhaka hI usa zama nAmaka sthAyI bhAva kA Azraya hai| kaMkara ajIva, karmamaya paudgalika paramANusaMghAta ke pratIka haiM, jinase sampRkta hokara jIva 'svabhAva' ko vismRta kie hue hai aura vibhAvAbhimAnI banakara duHkha bhoga rahA hai| mA~ dharatI kA honahAra putra ghaTa apanI mA~ se jo 'zruta' sunatA hai, AsthA kI nAsA se usakI pUrI sugandhi letA hai, aura taba khulA huA gantavya kA rAstA hI usakA zAstA bana jAtA hai, ghaTa kI pAtratA apanI adamya abhIpsA se AcArya kumbhakAra ko khIMca lAtI hai, jo nimitta bana jAtA hai upAdAna kI sambhAvanAoM ko upalabdhi banAne meN| tIsare aura cauthe khaNDoM meM varNita saMgharSa para dRr3ha AsthA aura vizvAsa vijaya pAtI hai / ghaTa to jIvana mukta hotA hI hai, AcArya ke prati AtmadAna karatA huA, usase jur3A huA seTha parivAra bhI du:kha saritA kA santaraNa kara jAtA hai| sabhI arihanta kA sAkSAtkAra kara lete haiM / yaha saba samasta tRSNA yA kASAyakSaya ke binA- ghAti karmakSaya ke binA sambhava nahIM hai / yahI samasta tRSNAkSayasukhAtmA zama kI zAnta meM niSpatti hai / 'kAvyaprakAza kAra kahatA hai : "syAd vAcako lAkSaNika: zabdo'tra vyNjkstridhaa|" (2/5) arthAt vyavahAra aura zAstra meM zabda vAcaka aura lAkSaNika hote haiM, parantu 'atra' arthAt kAvya meM 'vyaMjaka' hote haiM / isa prakAra vyaMjaka yA pratIka ko mAdhyama banAkara varNya kA upagUhana kavitva kA prabala srota hai / bhAratIya paramparA meM rahasya ke upasthApana kI yahI paddhati hai| kavitva ke itane bar3e srota ke jAgarUka hote hue bhI jinheM yahA~ kavitva lakSita nahIM hotA, unake viSaya meM kyA kahA jAya ? "nAyaM sthANoraparAdha: yadenamandho na pazyati / " 'locana' kAra kAvya ko lalitocitasannivezacAru' kahatA hai aura paNDitarAja jagannAtha 'samucitalalitasannivezacAru' kahate haiM / vahI zabdArthasanniveza lalita aura ucita hai, phalata: 'cAru' hai, kAvya hai, jo rasAnurodhI hai / lAlitya kA AdhAna rasAnurodha se hI hotA hai aura usI ke anurodha se aucitya kA nirdhAraNa bhI hotA hai / yaha lAlitya kAvya kI jisa bhAvaka bhASA meM hotI hai usameM rasa bhAvakatA kA AdhAna guNa aura alaMkAra maNDana se hotA hai / zAnta rasa hone se mAdhurya guNa to hai hI, alaMkAra kI bAta hama Age kareMge / alaMkAroM meM eka alaMkAra hai- 'nirukti' jo vyutpatti mUlaka camatkAra kA mukhApekSI hai| yaha alaMkAra to racayitA kI pahacAna bana gayA hai| isa prakAra Alocya kRti kI bhASA zAstrabhASA nahIM hai, vaha abhidhAtmaka nahIM hai| kahIM kvacit, vizeSakara jaba koI pAtra mAnyatAoM kA varNana kara rahA ho, to vahA~ kI SA abhidhAtmaka ho sakatI hai, para kRti ko usakI akhaNDatA meM dekhanA cAhie na ki kATakara ekadeza meN| sAhityadarpaNakAra ne kahA hai ki mahAkAvya kI AsvAdadhArA meM nIrasa prasaMga bhI sarasa ho uThate haiN| zama kI puSTi kahA jA sakatA hai ki jisa zAnta ko saMvedanA mAnakara prastuta kRti ko usakA rUpAntara kahA jA rahA hai, usakA sthAyI bhAva 'zama' cetana meM hI sambhava hai / ghaTa cetana kahA~ hai ? ata: zama kI sthiti na hone se zAnta kI saMvedanA acetana pAtra meM kaise rakhI jA sakatI hai ? uttara meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki ghaTa aprastuta hai| prastuta to sAdhaka jIvAtmA hI hai, jo zAnta kI sthiti meM pahu~cane ke lie zama yA nirveda kA antas meM avasthAna karatA hai / Arambha meM hI vaha mA~ dharatI
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________________ xl:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA se apanI vyathA-kathA prastuta karatA hai| usameM viSaya ke prati virAga bhAva hI to hai| svarUpAyatti lakSaNa zAnta kI sthiti meM jAne kI adamya abhIpsA kA iz2ahAra karatA hai sambhAvanA ke rUpa meM 'mATI' meM nihita ghaTa / mATI kahatI hai : "isa paryAya kI/iti kaba hogI ?/isa kAyA kI cyuti kaba hogI ?/batA do, mA~ ise !" (pR. 5) kRti ke anta meM vahI mA~ sattA 'zAnta' rasa meM pratiSThita ghaTa sAdhaka ko sambodhita karatI huI kahatI hai : ".."so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA/vargAtIta apavarga huaa|"(pR. 483) niSkarSa yaha ki Alocya kRti meM kavitva ke vibhinna srota vidyamAna haiM / yaha avazya hai ki yaha santoM kA kAvya hai jahA~ mUlyagAna kI cetanA udagra rahatI hai, AdhyAtmika cetanA kI sugandha Adyanta vyApta rahatI hai, vahI 'hita' hai, usase yukta arthAt 'sahita' kA hI bhAva yahA~ sAhitya kI apekSita zarta hai / rasarAja se bhinna zAntetara rasa kI pAryAntika anubhUti sambhava hai / ata: jisa prakAra vibhAvAdi samagra aMgoM kI yojanA prItyutpAdaka DhaMga se vahA~ sambhava hai, vaisA zAnta rasa ko aMgI banAkara nhiiN| yahA~ upAya kA hI varNana sambhava hai, jaisA ki dhanaJjaya ne 'dazarUpaka' meM kahA hai / dUsare zailI-vijJAna kahatA hai ki a-kAvyabhASA se kAvyabhASA ke vyAvartaka cAra lakSaNa haiM : 1. vicalana (Deviation) (vipathana bhI) 2. sAdRzya (Analogy) 3. cayana (Selected Word) (upayukta zabda) 4. samAntaratA (Foregrounding) zailI vijJAna kA sAkSya 'mUkamATI' kI bhASA meM 'ghaTa' ko jIvAtmA kA pratIka banAkara Adyanta eka kathA prastuti 'vicalana' kA hI udAharaNa hai / paramparA meM aisA kahIM nahIM milatA, vizeSakara jaina muniyoM kI prabandha kAvya paramparA meM / naI upalabdhi ke lie purAne ko tor3anA bhI racanA kI eka viziSTa upalabdhi hai| prakIrNaka rUpa meM bhASA para vicAra karate hue Age isa yA ina binduoM para adhika kahA jaaygaa| sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAroM kA svata:sphUrta viniyoga prAcIna zabdAvalI meM yaha 'samucitalalitasannivezacAru' kAvyabhASA se maNDita hone ke kAraNa ise 'kAvya' kahane meM mujhe koI Apatti pratIta nahIM hotii| jisa rocaka aura ramaNIya bhASA meM anubhava kI abhivyakti yahA~ hai, hai vaisI bhASA meM kisI zAstra kI saMracanA ? kahIM-kahIM to aise 'apRthagyatnanirvatya' alaMkAroM kA pravAha uphana par3A hai ki 'kAdambarI' kI mahAzvetA ke vilApa kI bhASA yAda A jAtI hai / isa sandarbha meM antima khaNDa kA vaha prasaMga dekhA jA sakatA hai, jisameM "ghara kI ora jA rahA seTha'.." (pR.350 se 352 taka) kI dazA kA vivaraNa dene ke lie aprastutoM kI mAlA uphana par3I hai| tIsare khaNDa ke saMvAda ko par3heM to usake pIche nihita bhAva-pravAha kA Avega bhAvamagna kara detA hai| dRzyakAvya kI apekSA mahAkAvya kI saMracanA zithila hotI hai| usameM prasaMgavaza samAgata sandarbha anapekSita vistAra pA jAte haiN| anupAta meM svalpa zabda krIr3A yA saMkhyA krIr3A se samagra prabandha adhama koTi kA yA prahelikAprAya ho jAyagA ? mujhe aisA nahIM lgtaa| 'laganA' hai bhI AtmaniSTha pratikriyA / sabakA laganA' alaga-alaga hotA hai| hA~, laganA' se 'honA' avazya bhinna hai| kAvyarUpa kA vicAra-mahAkAvya kavitva yA kAvya kI prakRti kI dRSTi se dekha lene ke bAda samprati mahAkAvya' ke nikaSa para isakI parIkSA kI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xli jAnI cAhie / aneka samIkSakoM ne ise jaise-taise 'kAvya' to mAna liyA hai, parantu 'mahAkAvya' nahIM mAnA hai / nizcaya hI una samIkSakoM ke mAnasa para jo mAnadaNDa aMkita haiM, ve pAramparika mahAkAvyoM se nirgata sA~ce yA lakSaNa haiN| jayazaMkara prasAda kI 'kAmAyanI' ko lekara bhI aisI hI kazamakaza calI thii| AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne to usake prabandhatva para hI kar3A prahAra kiyA hai aura use pragItoM kA samuccaya ghoSita kara diyA hai / paNDita vizvanAtha prasAda mizra ne use 'ekArtha kAvya' kahA hai, parantu DaoN. nagendra ne usameM nihita 'mahattva' aura 'kAvyatva' ko dekhakara, vibhinna ghaTakoM meM nihi audAttya ko dekhakara use chAyAvAdI paddhati kA mahAkAvya kahA hai| pracalita maMcoM para apane nATakoM ko anabhineya ghoSita karane vAloM se prasAdajI ne kahA thA ki nATaka ke lie maMca banAyA jAnA cAhie, na ki maMcoM ke bane-banAe DhA~coM ke anurUpa nATaka banAe jAne caahie| yadi pUrva pracalita sA~coM meM hI sarjanA simaTa kara raha jAya to usakI pragati kisa prakAra sambhava hai ? ata: samucita yahI hai ki pAramparika sA~ce ko tor3a kara yugIna saMvedanA se paricAlita racanA meM yadi 'mahattva' aura 'kAvyatva' hai, to tadanurUpa nayA sA~cA bhI banAyA jAnA caahie| 'mUkamATI' ke mahAkAvyatva kI parIkSA svayaM usase nirgata mAnadaNDa para kiyA jAnA samucita hogaa| yaha kahanA ki isa prakAra arAjakatA phailegI, loga nae-nae sA~coM ke anurUpa mahAkAvya likhane lagege, to pahalI bAta yaha hai ki aisA ho bhI to sahI / 'mUkamATI' kI bhA~ti nae mAnadaNDoM vAlI racanAe~ mahAprANa racayitA hI kara sakate haiM, Ama AdamI se sambhava nahIM hai, phalata: arAjakatA kA savAla hI nahIM utthtaa| aise prayAsa sambhAvanAmayI racanA ke vividha AyAma anAvRta karate haiN| pAramparika sA~cA-mahAkAvya ke anivArya ghaTaka 'mahattva' aura 'kAvyatva' ___ kaha sakatA hai koI ki isameM 'mahattva' aura 'kAvyatva' nahIM hai? kyA isa kAvya kA lakSya jo 'apavarga' hai, usase bhI mahattara lakSya ho sakatA hai ? kAvyatva kI bAta Upara kI hI gaI hai| 'tusyatu durjananyAya' se pahale pAramparika sA~ce ko hI leN| pAramparika sA~ce ke lie nimnalikhita upakaraNa apekSita haiM : 1. isameM jIvana kA sarvAMgINa citraNa honA caahie| 2. isameM eka yA aneka nAyaka hoN| ve prakhyAta rAjavaMzI hoM aura dhIrodAtta hoN| 3. isameM maMgalAcaraNa ho| 4. ATha yA usase adhika sarga hoN| 5. divA, rAtri, parvata Adi kA varNana ho / 6. sarga meM eka hI chanda ho, para anta meM chanda parivartana ho / 7. sabhI sandhiyA~ hoM, phalata: prakhyAta yA loka prasiddha kathA ho / 8. vIra, zRMgAra athavA zAnta meM se eka rasa ho, jo aMgI ho / 9. sajjana-asajjana kI stuti aura nindA ho| ina lakSaNoM meM spaSTa hI do varga haiM- bahiraMga aura antaraMga / bahiraMga meM- (ka) maMgalAcaraNa (kha) sarga kI saMkhyA kA niyama (ga) chanda sambandhI niyama kA samAveza kiyA jA sakatA hai| 'kAmAyanI' yA 'priya pravAsa' meM maMgalAcaraNa nahIM hai| jina-jina mahAkAvyoM meM vastu nirdezAtmaka maMgalAcaraNa kahA jAtA hai, usameM koI Thosa pramANa nahIM hai| sarga kI saMkhyA 'rAmacaritamAnasa' para hI lAgU nahIM hotI / chandoM kA anta meM badalanA bhI aisA hI bahiraMga lakSaNa hai / antaraMga lakSaNoM meM navama ko chor3akara zeSa A sakate haiN| mahAkAvya kA lakSaNa 'sAhityadarpaNa'kAra kahatA hai :
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________________ xlii:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "sargabandho mahAkAvyaM tatraiko nAyakaH surH| savaMzaH kSatriyo vApi dhIrodAttaguNAnvitaH // ekavaMzabhavA bhUpA: kulajA bahavo'pi vaa| zRMgAravIrazAntAnAmeko'GgI rasa iSyate // aMgAni sarve'pi rasAH sarve nATakasandhayaH / ...kvacinnindA khalAdInAM satAM ca guNakIrtanam / ...sandhyAsUryendurajanIpradoSadhvAntavAsarAH // prAtamadhyAhnamRgayAzailartuvanasAgarAH / sambhogavipralambhau ca munisvargapurAdhvarAH // raNaprayANopayamamantraputrodayAdayaH / varNanIyA yathAyogyaM sAGgopAGgA amI iha // " isa uddharaNa se nirgata Avazyaka-anAvazyaka ghaTakoM kA ullekha Upara kara diyA gayA hai / lakSaNa lakSya se nikAle jAte haiM, isIlie kAvyazAstra 'kAvyAnuzAsana' bhI kahA jAtA hai / yaha zAsana yA zAstra kAvyAnudhAvI hotA hai| zAstra 'zaMsana', zAsana' aura 'anuzAsana'- tInoM ke kAraNa bhinna-bhinna sandarbho meM paribhASita hotA hai| samprati Alocya kRti para pAramparika sA~ce ke ghaTakoM kA saMcAra karanA caahie| Alocya kRti kI saMkSipta kathAvastu pAramparika sA~ce ke anusAra kathAvastu meM AdhikArika kathA aura prAsaMgika kathAe~ hotI haiN| prAsaMgika kathA bhI do prakAra kI hotI hai - patAkA aura prakarI / pahalI dUra taka calatI hai aura dUsarI alpadezavyApI hotI hai / isameM AdhikArika kathA usa mUkamATI kI hai jisameM ghaTa rUpa meM pariNata hone kI sambhAvanA hai| adhikAra kA artha hai-phalasvAmya - mukhya phala / yaha mukhya phala jise prApta ho, vaha adhikArI kahA jAtA hai aura isase sambaddha kathA AdhikArika hai / yahA~ mukhya phala hai apavarga,' jise ghaTa prApta karatA hai / isa prayojana kI prApti meM netRtva yA prayAsa usI kA hai, ata: use hI adhikArI mAnA jAnA caahie| isakI kathA Adyanta calatI hai| pratyeka khaNDa meM usakI kathA pramukha hai / yaha bAta alaga hai ki avAntara prasaMga pracuratA se Ate haiM jisase mUla kathA kA pravAha bAdhita hotA hai / kathA ke pravAha meM sahaja hI prasaMgAntara kA phUTa par3anA eka bAta hai aura siddhAntoM tathA mAnyatAoM ke upasthApana ke lobha se prasaMgAntara bar3hAte calanA dUsarI bAta hai| yahA~ dUsarI pravRtti adhika lakSita hotI hai| grantha ke cAra khaNDoM meM kathAvastu vibhAjita hai : [ka] saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha / [kha] zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nhiiN| [ga] puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana / [gha] agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha / kAvya jaba apanI samagratA meM rUpaka, anyokti athavA anyApadeza kA bAnA dhAraNa karake AtA hai, taba aneka prakAra kI samasyAe~ uTha khar3I hotI haiN| 'kAmAyanI' ko bhI ina samasyAoM se jUjhanA par3A hai aura usakA kAvyatva vyAhata huA hai| sabase pahalI samasyA yaha AtI hai ki aprastuta AkhyAna kI prastuta vRtta para Adyanta saMgati kaise biThAI jAya ? kathAvastu kI parikalpanA meM racayitA ne apanA prasthAna pRthak kara liyA hai, parantu mAnyatAe~ kaise pRthak kara sakatA hai ?
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xliii prAcIna yuga meM 'upalabdhiyoM para mahAkAvya likhe jAte the / kAraNa yaha thA ki taba vyakti upalabdhi' banakara hamAre sAmane vidyamAna the / Adhunika yuga ke buddhivAda ne hameM saMzayagrasta karake 'ajJa' aura 'azraddhAlu' banA diyA hai| ausatana hamArA adhikAMza a-niSThA prasthAna kA anuvartI bana gayA hai| Ama AdamI kI cetanA pUrI taraha kisI se nahIM jur3a pA rahI hai / isalie yaha yuga baunoM kA yuga kahA jA rahA hai / aise samaya meM cintaka kA dhyAna 'upalabdhi' se haTa kara 'sambhAvanA' para kendrita hotA jA rahA hai jo pratipadArtha aura vyakti meM vidyamAna hai| 'sambhAvanA' jaba 'upalabdhi' banane kI dizA meM agrasara hotI hai taba use mUlyoM aura mAnyatAoM ko jInA par3atA hai aura aise meM apamUlyoM se saMgharSa karanA par3atA hai / isa saMgharSa meM vahI vijayI bana sakatA hai jo dRr3haniSThA vAlA hotA hai / racayitA ne isIlie paramparA se haTakara apane kAvya kA nAyaka usa mUkamATI ko banAyA hai, jo pada dalitA hai, jisameM UrdhvagAmI sambhAvanAoM se bhare hue ghaTa ko anurUpa nimitta pAkara ubharane kI sambhAvanA hai athavA jisameM ghaTAtmaka pariNAma kI sambhAvanA hai| prasthAna pArthakya ke kAraNa utpanna samasyAe~ prasthAna pArthakya ke sAtha apanI bAta kahane ke lie racayitA ko anyApadeza kI paddhati pakar3anI par3I / jainetara mahAkAvyoM meM una mUlyoM aura mAnyatAoM se maNDita nAyakoM kI kathA kahI gaI hai jinase vyavahAra yA loka aura samAja kA sandhAraNa hotA hai kintu prathamAnuyoga ke antargata pAramparika jaina racanAkAroM ne isase Age bar3hakara pAramArthika lakSya kI upalabdhi meM abhirata zalAkA puruSoM kA caritra citrita kiyA hai| prastuta grantha ke racayitA ne apanI paramparA se sampRkta rahakara bhI yugIna saMvedanA ke prabhAva meM mahAkAvya lekhana kI paddhati badala dI hai aura isase kaI kaThinAiyA~ bhI ubharI haiN| eka ora prAcIna aura pAramparika sA~ce ke saMskArI samIkSaka jhallA uThe haiM aura dUsarI ora sahAnubhUtizIla samIkSakoM ko bhI aprastuta aura prastuta ke Adyanta saMgati meM kaThinAI uTha khar3I huI hai / udAharaNArtha, pahale khaNDa meM hI dekheM-upAdAna kAraNa svarUpa 'mATI' meM vijAtIya kaMkara kA sAMkarya jaladhAraNa karane yogya ghaTAtmaka satpAtra ke nirmANa meM bAdhaka hai| ata: varNalAbha' karane ke nimitta sAMkarya' kA haTAyA jAnA Avazyaka hai| isalie nimitta banakara kumbhakAra zilpI ko yaha kArya karanA hI hai / isa anyApadezika AkhyAna meM 'ajIvagata' doSa kA aprastuta kaMkara' hai aura 'jIva' kA 'ghaTa', jo abhI 'mATI' meM sambhAvanA banA huA hai, AkArata: avyakta hai / kumbhakAra sadguru kA pratIka yA aprastuta hai, jo satpAtra ke rUpa meM 'ghaTa' kA nirmANa karatA hai / parantu samApana ke sandarbha meM vaha kumbhakAra apane ko RSi-santoM kA jaghanya sevaka mAnatA hai tathA kucha hI dUrI para pAdapa ke nIce pASANa-phalaka para AsIna nIrAga sAdhu ko iMgita karatA hai| ApAtata: sandeha hotA hai ki yadi ghaTa baddhajIva kA Arambha meM pratIka hai to 'dharatI' aura 'mATI' kisake pratIka haiM ? ve kisa prastuta kI vyaMjanA kara rahe haiM ? vAstava meM yaha zaMkA nirmUla hai / mATI to dharatI jaisI mahAsattA kA aMza hI hai aura 'ghaTa' usakA paryAya hai, bhinna nhiiN| vaha to mATI meM hI sambhAvita kI nimitta-sApekSa dazA vizeSa hai, bhinna nahIM / grantha kA 'mATI' aura 'kumbhakAra' se zubhArambha jaina darzana kI upAdAna' aura 'nimitta' jaise usa siddhAnta ko Atmagata karake calanA hai, jisameM saMsAra ke kartA jaise pRthak Izvara kI parikalpanA kA niSedha hai / kathAdhArA varNana aura saMvAda ke sahAre Age bar3hatI hai / mATI kI abhIpsA meM itanA vaz2ana hai ki zilpI, jo sadguru kA pratIka hai, svayaM calA AtA hai| vaha karuNAsAgara hai / sAdhaka kI tar3apa use khIMca lAtI hai / nirmAtA zilpI kudAlI calAkara, mATI ko gadhe para lAdakara upAzrama meM lAtA hai, jahA~ mATI chAnI jAtI hai evaM kaMkara alaga kie jAte haiM / tadanantara kUpa se bAlaTI meM pAnI bAhara lAyA jAtA hai| bAlaTI jisa rassI meM ba~dhI hai, usameM granthi hai, jo prayatnapUrvaka khola lI jAtI hai| isase pAnI bharI bAlaTI sukaratA se Upara A jAtI hai| prathama khaNDa kI kathA itanI hI hai| samAdhAna yahA~ AzaMkA puna: zira uThAtI hai ki jIva vijAtIya ajIva paudgalika karma se AvRta hone ke kAraNa anAdikAla
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________________ xliv :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA se saMkIrNa svarUpa hai| zilpI isa sAMkarya se ghaTa ko alaga kara detA hai| phalata: vaha asaMkIrNa hokara zuddha varNalAbha kara letA hai| isa taraha jaba vaha zuddha varNalAbha kara letA hai, taba lakSya prApti ho jAtI hai aura jaba lakSya prApti ho gaI taba kathA sUtra ko samApta ho jAnA caahie| Age kI kathA kyoM bar3hAI jAya? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki abhI AMzika mala hI samApta huA hai| kaMkara saMyogaja vikAra kA hI pratIka hai / AMzika mala yA kaSAya abhI bhI zeSa hai jise tapa kI agni meM aura jalAnA hai aura jalane-jalAne kA yaha krama lambA calatA hai taba kahIM 'ghaTa' zuddha sva-bhAva meM pratiSThita hotA hai / ata: kathAsUtra ko AntarAlika saMgharSa ke pratIka rUpa meM aura bar3hAnA hI hai| ___ isa prasaMga meM 'saMkara' aura 'varNa' zabdoM kI taha meM eka aura artha kI jhalaka mila sakatI hai| 'saMkara' doSa kramAgata 'varNa-vyavasthA' meM 'varNa' se paraspara bhinna mAtA aura pitA se utpanna santati meM bhI hotA hai, jo usI janma meM nahIM haTa sakatA / isake lie janmAntara Avazyaka hai / ata: isa Azaya se grasta saMkIrNa varNavAdI ko Apatti ho sakatI hai ki usI janma meM zilpI ne mATI kA sAMkarya kaise haTA diyA ? parantu racayitA kI nimnalikhita paMktiyoM ke sAkSya para spaSTa hai ki usane varNa' zabda kA prayoga 'zIla' ke artha meM kiyA hai : "isa prasaMga se/varNa kA Azaya/na raMga se hai na hI aMga se/varan/cAla-caraNa, DhaMga se hai|" (pR. 47) sAtha hI saMkara' zabda para (ajIva) saMsarga-janya vikAra ke artha meM prayukta hai / ata: santa - sadguru ke saMsarga se usakA nirasana sambhava hai| inhIM arthoM meM prastuta kAvyagata prayukta varNa' aura 'saMkara' ko lenA cAhie, na ki saMkIrNa aura nihita svArthI dRSTi se anya Aropita artha / zeSa kathAvastu dvitIya khaNDa meM zodhita mRttikA kA jala se, chAne hue jala se, secana hotA hai / rauMdI jAkara mATI loMde kA AkAra grahaNa karatI hai / loMdA cakra para car3hAyA jAtA hai aura ghaTa kA AkAra grahaNa karatA hai / isake bAda vaha tapana meM sukhAyA jAtA hai / isa tApa yA tapa se kucha vikAra aura bhasma hote haiN| tapasyA kA krama tRtIya khaNDa meM aura ugra hotA hai| yahA~ puNya kA pAlana aura pApa kA prakSAlana hotA hai / kumbhakAra haTa jAtA hai / prAkRtika upasargoM kI badalI, bAdala ke pratIkoM se ghaTa kI AsthA kI gahana parIkSA kI jAtI hai / AsthA ke dRr3ha hone se ghaTa DigatA nhiiN| phalata: prakRti kI kucha zaktiyA~ bAdhaka banatI haiM to kucha sahAyaka bhI bana jAtI haiN| isa taraha usakI parIkSA hotI hai| zilpI isa parIkSA sAgara ke santaraNa se prasanna hokara puna: samIpa A jAtA hai aura use chAyA detA hai| ye sabhI vighna parISaha aura upasarga ke aprastata vidhAna haiN| tapasyA kI parAkASThA , jisase mA~ dharatI kA bhI dila dahala uThatA hai, caturtha khaNDa meM AtI hai| niyama-saMyama ke sammukha yama bhI ghuTane Teka detA hai / nabhazcara aura surAsura bhI hAra jAte haiM / tapana se pratapta ghaTa aura paripakva ho gayA hai, para abhI vikAra aura zeSa haiN| avA kI Aga usake kASThApanna tapa kA pratIka hai jo sAre vikAroM ko sukhA DAlatA hai| kaSAya niHzeSa ho jAtA hai / yaha tapa hI vikAra dAha meM kAraNa hai / kAraNa ko avyavahita pUrva, pratibandhakarahita aura sAmagraya sampanna honA cAhie, tabhI kArya hotA hai / tapasyA ina sabhI aprastutoM se samagra hotI hai / aba vaha pUrNa pakva hai| usameM aba (jaladhAraNa kI) pAtratA sahI arthoM meM AtI hai / sadguru ke caraNoM meM samarpaNa kA pUrNa bhAva A jAtA hai / 'svabhAva' meM pratiSThita ho jAtA hai aura taba usameM vaha ananta bala A jAtA hai jaba apane upAsaka ko bhI apane se jor3a kara bhavasaritA pAra karA detA hai| kahA jA sakatA hai : 0 "tairate-tairate pA liyA ho/apAra bhava-sAgara kA pAra!" (pR. 298)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xlv 0"yU~ ! kumbha ne bhAvanA bhAyI/so, 'bhAvanA bhava-nAzinI'!" (pR. 302) yahIM pratipAdya ke samApta hone se grantha ko samApta ho jAnA cAhie, Age kyoM ? maiM samajhatA hU~ ki paripUrNatA ke cAra caraNa haiM- adhIti, bodha, AcaraNa aura pracAraNa / Age kI kathA pracAraNa- loka kalyANa hai / sambhava hai isalie kathA Age bar3hAI gaI hai| adhyAtma kI yaha yAtrA vRttAkAra hai| jahA~ se prasthAna huA thA, vahIM vaha pahu~catA hai, para pariveza yA bhAva vaha nahIM hai| pahale vaha baddhAvasthA meM thA, aba muktAvasthA meM hai / aba kaSAya ke na hone se bhoga bandha kA nimitta nahIM bana rahA hai / aba vaha mithyAdRSTi nahIM, samyagdRSTi hai / samyagdRSTi kA bhoga naI vAsanA paidA nahIM krtaa| viparIta isake vaha pUrva karma ko zAnta karatA hai aura nUtana paidA nahIM hone detA / matalaba yaha ki samyagdRSTi kA karmabhoga nirjarA hI nahIM, saMvara kA bhI kAraNa banatA hai / yaha sAdhaka kI karmabhoga se karmayoga taka kI vRttAtmaka yAtrA hai, para pahalA karmabhoga mithyAdRSTi kA thA aura dUsarA karmabhoga samyagdRSTi kA hai / bAlaTI kI machalI kI yAtrA bhI to aisI hI vRttAkAra yAtrA hai| kUpa se bAlaTI dvArA bAhara Akara puna: usI bAlaTI se usI kUpa jala taka / antara yahI hai na ki pUrva bhAvanA aura paravartI bhAvanA meM antara hai| kathAvastu ke do bheda-AdhikArika aura prAsaMgika samprati, kathAvastu kI anya mahAkAvyocita vizeSatAoM kI ora bhI dRSTipAta karanA hai / AdhikArika kathA kA saMkSepa Upara diyA jA cukA hai / samprati, prAsaMgika kathAoM kI samIkSA prasaMga prApta hai| prAsaMgika kathAoM meM patAkA' kA lakSaNa cauthe khaNDa meM seTha-prasaMga para ghaTita hotA hai aura puMkhAnuY=kha rUpa se ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanAoM ko prakarI' ke antargata hI liyA jA sakatA hai, jaise ki prathama khaNDa kI machalI kI kathA hai| 'prAsaMgika kathA' kA lakSaNa dazarUpaka kAra dhanaMjaya dvArA isa prakAra diyA gayA hai : "prAsaGgikaM parArthasya svArtho yasya prsngggtH|" (1/13, pR.4) prAsaMgika kathA vaha hotI hai jo pravAha meM AI ho mukhya prayojana kI siddhi ke lie, parantu prasaMgata: usakA prayojana sampanna ho gayA ho / Alocya grantha meM AdhikArika kathA ghaTa kI hai| usI prasaMga se machalI kA bhI prasaMga A gayA hai aura mukti rUpa apanA prayojana bhI siddha ho gayA hai / seTha kI kathA lambI calatI hai, ata: use patAkA kathA kahA jA sakatA hai / 'dazarUpaka kAra ne kahA hai : "sAnubandhaM patAkAkhyaM prakarI ca pradezabhAk // " (1/13, pR.4) cauthe khaNDa meM avA se bAhara kumbha ke Ate hI seTha ko svapna AtA hai ki usane apane hI prAMgaNa meM hAthoM meM mATI kA kumbha lie mahAsanta kA svAgata kiyA hai / svapna ko dhanyavAda detA huA seTha sevaka ko kumbhakAra ke pAsa kumbha lAne ke lie bheja detA hai / isa prakAra AdhikArika kathA se prasaMgata: seTha jur3a jAtA hai aura isa khaNDa ke anta taka donoM kathAe~ sAthasAtha calatI haiN| seTha se kumbha ko aura kumbha se seTha ko sArthakatA prApta hotI hai| kumbha kA mUla prayojana seTha se sadhatA hai| ata: usakI sthiti spaSTata: hI parArtha' hai, para sAtha hI prasaMgata: usakA svArtha bhI siddha ho jAtA hai| kumbha use bhI apane sAtha bhava saritA kA santaraNa karA detA hai| eka mukta dUsare ko bhI mukta karA detA hai| 'mAnasa' kI AdhikArika rAma kathA meM jo sthAna patAkA nAyaka sugrIva kA hai, vahI yahA~ seTha kA hai| Alocya kRti meM prAsaMgika kathAe~ prathama khaNDa meM 'machalI prasaMga' aura tRtIya khaNDa meM 'muktAvRSTi prasaMga' svalpadezavyApinI ghaTanAe~ haiM / phalata:
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________________ xlvi :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA inheM prakarI ke antargata liyA jA sakatA hai / yaha avazya vicAraNIya hai ki ye donoM prasaMga prasaMgata: prApta to haiM, para inase AdhikArika kathA kA kyA upakAra huA hai ? prAsaMgika kathAoM meM tIna zartoM kA nirvAha honA cAhie- prasaMgata: sahaja vikAsa, dUsare 'parArtha' aura tIsare 'svArthasiddhi' / yahA~ prasaMgata: donoM ghaTanAe~ ghaTatI haiN| pahalI zarta spaSTa hai / jahA~ taka 'parArthatA' arthAt nAyaka ghaTa ke prayojana siddhi meM sahakAra kA sambandha hai, 'machalI prasaMga' kI ghaTanA para utanA lAgU nahIM hotA / eka to kUpa meM machaliyoM kA jhuNDa kadAcit hI kahIM hotA ho, dUsare apavAda svarUpa kahIM ho bhI to isa machalI prasaMga kA ghaTa nAyaka kI AdhikArika kathA se koI sIdhA upakAraka sambandha nahIM jur3atA / eka to taba taka upAdAna mATI kA vaha paryAya hI sva-sattA-AsAdana nahIM kara sakatA hai, prakriyA avazya cala rahI hai / machalI kA apanA paramArtha avazya siddha ho jAtA hai| kalpanA kI jAya ki yadi yaha prasaMga na bhI hotA to ghaTa nAyaka kA mala yA avAntara prayojana kahA~ vighaTita hotA athavA usase kyA sahakAra milatA? aisI kathA jisakA AdhikArika kathA para kisI bhI prakAra kA prabhAva nahIM hotA, asambaddha hI mAnI jAyagI / anvaya-vyatireka se bhI usakI hetutA siddha nahIM hotii| prabandha meM ya asambaddhatA khaTakatI hai| lagatA hai ki eka saiddhAntika mAnyatA kA upasthApana karane ke lobha meM yaha prasaMga thigalI kI taraha AdhikArika kathA meM Upara se thopa diyA gayA hai / mATI se jo ghaTa paryAya rUpa meM ubharatA hai usameM jala to nimitta hai, para machalI kA yogadAna kyA hai ? isa prakAra machalI na to ghaTa ke ubharane meM aura na hI usake dvArA sampAdya mukhya-gauNa prayojanoM meM apanA koI yogadAna karatI hai / dUsarA prasaMga hai - muktAvRSTi kA / tRtIya khaNDa kI yaha prAsaMgika kathA taponiSTha kumbha kA parIkSA prasaMga hai / jar3adhI jaladhi kumbhakAra kI anupasthiti meM kumbha kA astitva miTAne ke lie badaliyoM ko bhejatA hai, para prabhAkara apane pravacana se unakA hRdaya parivartana kara detA hai / ve pati ke pratikUla vacana kA tiraskAra kara jagatpati prabhAkara kI bAta mAna letI haiM aura use naSTa karane kI jagaha usa para-pakSa kI muktA varSA se pUjA karatI huI lauTa jAtI haiN| bAta phailate-phailate rAjaparivAra taka jAtI hai / maNDalI anupasthita kumbhakAra ke prAMgaNa meM vRSTa muktArAzi ko balAt lUTatI hai / maNiyA~ jaharIlA prabhAva paidA karatI haiM aura avasara dekhakara kumbha vyaMgya karatA hai| upasthita kumbhakAra-karuNAlaya kumbhakAra paristhiti ko sUMgha kara samajha letA hai aura tatkAla eka tarapha kumbha ko usake bar3abolepana para phaTakAratA hai tathA dUsarI ora prajApati ko sammAna detA hai, sAtha hI boriyoM meM muktA bhara kara usake khajAne ko samRddha kara detA hai / yahA~ jala upAdAna hai, para usake muktA rUpa meM paryAya banane kA nimitta kyA hai ? nimitta hai pRthivI kakSa meM usakA AnA / yaha camatkArI ghaTanA hai, kumbhakAra kI divya mahimA hai / isa ghaTanA se AdhikArika kathA kA yadyapi utanA ghaniSTha sambandha to nahIM, para machalI-prasaMga kI tulanA meM to hai hI / kumbhakAra kumbha ko usake bar3abolepana kA ehasAsa karAkara use maryAdA meM lAtA hai aura sAtha hI apanI udAratA se usameM apane prati sadbhAva bhI paidA karatA hai| ye sabhI bAteM sAkSAt-asAkSAt AdhikArika kathA aura mukhya prayojana se jur3a jAtI haiN| lekina isameM muktA apanA kauna sA svArtha yA paramArtha siddha karatA hai ? prAsaMgika kathA kI yaha bhI to eka zarta hai / prAsaMgika jaba AdhikArika se jar3atA hai to isa jor3a meM donoM kA svArtha sAdhana hotA hai| maktA prasaMga jaise-taise parArthasiddhi se to jur3atA hai para Atmasiddhi kyA hai ? hA~, muktA meM kahIM mukti kI AlaMkArika gandha mAna lI jAya, to bAta dUsarI hai athavA prajApati kA bhANDAra samRddha karane meM hI usakI sArthakatA hai / kathAvastu meM paMcasandhiyA~ kathAvastu meM agalI bAta jo dekhane kI hotI hai vaha hai usakA paMcasandhi samanvita honA | sandhiyA~ pA~ca haiMmukha, pratimukha, garbha, vimarza yA avamarza aura nirvahaNa / pratyeka sandhi yA khaNDa meM eka 'avasthA' aura eka artha prakRti' hotI hai| avasthAe~ bhI pA~ca haiM aura artha prakRtiyA~ bhI pA~ca / Arambha, yatna, prAptyAzA, niyatApti aura phalAgama - ye
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xlvii pA~ca avasthAe~ haiM / bIja, bindu, patAkA, prakarI aura kArya - ye pA~ca artha prakRtiyA~ haiM / avasthA aura artha prakRtiyoM kA saMcAra karane se pUrva pahale yaha dekhanA Avazyaka hai ki kathAvastu ke ye jor3a santulita haiM yA nahIM ? vaise isa sandarbha meM yaha bAta pahale kahI jA cukI hai ki kathAvastu kA jitanA custa-durusta vidhAna dRzyakAvya meM hotA hai utanA zravya ke bheda mahAkAvya meM nahIM hotA / usakI kathAvastu kI yojanA apekSAkRta zithila hotI hai / ata: Alocya kRti meM bhI sandhi yojanA zithila hai| kathAvastu meM usake vikAsa kI santulita avasthAe~ honI cAhie / hotA yaha hai ki kathAvastu to ghaTanAoM aura vyApAroM kI zrRMkhalA hai, jo nAyaka dvArA sampAdya hotI hai| ina vyApAroM kA eka lakSya hotA hai, vaha caturvarga meM se anyatama yA ekAdhika hotA hai| prastuta kRti meM spaSTa hI 'sva-bhAva' meM sthiti yA mokSalAbha jaisA cauthA puruSArtha parama prayojana hai / 'mATI' granthArambha meM hI saMkalpa letI hai aura mA~ dharatI se prArthanA karatI hai aura anta meM : " isa paryAya kI / iti kaba hogI ? / isa kAyA kI cyuti kaba hogI ? / batA do, mA~... ise !" (pR. 5) " sRjanazIla jIvana kA / vargAtIta apavarga huA / " (pR. 483) saMkalpa usakI pAryantika pariNati ke madhya sArA vyApAra calatA hai| isa vyApAra meM 'Arambha' avasthA AtI hai / yahA~ mAtra sukya hotA hai / autsukya hai - kAlAkSamatva / prayojana kI prApti ke prati tvarA kA bhAva / 'kAyA kI cyuti kaba hogI', dvArA vahI kAlika vyavadhAna kI asahiSNutA vyakta hotI hai| 'dazarUpaka'kAra kahatA hai : " autsukyamAtramArambhaH phalalAbhAya bhUyase || " (1/20) tadanantara phalAbhAva nAyaka ko atitvarApUrvaka vyApArazIla, prayatnazIla banA detA hai| 'mATI' kA paryAya ghaTa zilpI kI kRpA se sattAsAdana meM juTa jAtA hai aura tIsare kyA cauthe khaNDa ke Arambha taka use pUrNa rUpa se jaladhAraNa rUpa arhatA kI prApti ke lAyaka banane meM calA jAtA hai| Upara se lagatA hai ki nAyaka apane paripakva aura pariNata rUpa meM cauthe khaNDa meM AtA hai, jo samApana khaNDa hai| matalaba prayatnAvasthA hI yahA~ taka AtI hai, para anyApadezI paddhati para dRSTipAta kareM to spaSTa hotA hai ki jIva dvArA tapa:sAdhanA pUrvaka banane kI prakriyA kA zubhArambha pahale hI khaNDa se Arambha ho jAtA hai, prayatna kA vinyAsa vahIM ho jAtA hai| dUsare khaNDa se 'prayatna' ke sAtha, upAya ke sAtha apAyoM kA AnA Arambha ho jAtA hai / apAya kA vega uttarottara bar3hatA hI jAtA hai / jala aura anala ke hRdayavedhI A~dhI-tUphAna, jo upasarga aura parISahoM ke pratIka haiM, apanI kASThApanna sthiti meM Ate haiM aura sAdhaka kA pratIka kumbha usameM dRr3hatApUrvaka aTala hai aura pariNata tathA paripakva ho jAtA hai / lagatA hai| aba galA - taba galA, kintu puruSArthI ko kisI na kisI kA avalamba mila jAtA hai / apAyoM kI A~dhI meM bIja 'garbhastha' ho-hokara 'vimarza' karatA huA saMkalpita ke 'nirvahaNa' ke taTa para A lagatA hai / upAya aura apAya kA yaha lambA saMgharSa prAyaH anta taka calatA rahatA hai aura 'vimarza' tathA 'nirvahaNa' ke lie AnupAtika dRSTi se jo AyAma milanA cAhie, vaha nahIM mila paataa| ise asantulana kaheM athavA zAnta paryavasAyI AdhyAtmika yAtrA kI gurutA kaheM, jahA~ upeyadazA kI apekSA upAyoM kA hI varNana hotA hai / I saMvAda yojanA yadyapi Upara die gae mahAkAvya ke pAramparika sA~ce meM spaSTa rUpa se 'saMvAda' jaise ghaTaka kA ullekha nahIM hai, tathApi yahA~ isa zIrSaka se vicAra karane ke pIche do kAraNa haiM - eka to yaha ki prastuta kRti saMvAda - pracura hai aura dUsare yaha
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________________ xlviii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ki mahAkAvya meM saMvAda hote hI haiN| kAraNa, ina saMvAdoM se do prayojana siddha hote haiM - pahalA yaha ki usase kathA kA vikAsa hotA hai aura dUsarA yaha ki usase vaktA yA pAtra kA caritragata vaiziSTya udghATita hotA hai / kumbhakAra aura vItarAga sAdhu ko chor3akara anya pAtra yA to mAnavIkRta haiM athavA mAnava ke pratIka haiN| sAmAnyataH 'saMvAda' dRzyakAvya kI vizeSatA mAne jAte haiM, para zravyakAvya meM bhI inakA astitva hotA hai / antara yaha hotA hai ki dRzyakAvya meM pAtra-nAmanirdeza alaga rahatA hai aura saMvAda alaga / zravyakAvya meM chandobaddha kAvya pravAha ke bhItara hI pAtra nAma kA anupraveza rahatA hai / dUsarA antara yaha hotA hai ki dRzyakAvya jisa sarjanAtmaka anubhUti kA rUpAntara hotA hai raMga-cetanA' usakA avibhAjya aMga hotI hai / zravyakAvya jisa sarjanAtmaka anubhUti kA rUpAntara hotA hai usameM raMga-cetanA nahIM hotI / yahA~ hama zravyakAvya ke antargata 'saMvAda yojanA' para vicAra kara rahe haiN| __ Alocya kAvya kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM ghaTanA vyApAra jitanA hai usase kahIM adhika saMvAda yojanA hai aura usakA kAraNa 'mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana' kI cetanA hai / siddhAnta ghaTanAoM aura vyApAroM kI taha meM rahakara vyaMjita hote to vaha paddhati adhika kAvyocita hotI, apekSAkRta do pAtroM ke bIca abhidhA starIya kathopakathana ke / para zAstrakAvya meM to yaha vaiziSTya hogA / racayitA kA prAtibha saMrambha bAra-bAra isa udghATana kI ora AtA jaaygaa| saMvAdoM kI viziSTatA saMvAdoM kI viziSTatA aura upayogitA ke nikaSa svarUpa nimnalikhita binduoM ko dRSTigata kiyA jAnA ucita hai : 1. vaha kathA dhArA ke vikAsa meM kahA~ taka sahAyaka hai ? 2. vaha apane sampreSya bhAva aura vicAra meM kitanA saTIka aura sakSama hai ? 3. usase vaktA ke caritra kA vaiziSTya kaisA ubharatA hai ? 4. saiddhAntika mAnyatAoM ke udghATana meM kitanI dUra taka khIMcA gayA hai ? isa pravRtti se kAvyatva bAdhita aura ___ kathAdhArA vyavahita to nahIM hotI ? Alocya kRti meM seTha viSayaka patAkA kathA se pUrva kathAvastu bahuta svalpa hai aura usakI gati kAphI dhImI hai| ina sAr3he tIna khaNDoM meM mATI se kaMkara ko alaga karanA, jala kA chAnA jAnA, jala aura miTTI kA milAva, rauMda kara loMdA banAnA aura cakra para car3hA kara kumbhAkAra pariNAma paidA karanA, tapana ke tApa se jalIya aMza kA sukhAnA, phira bhI avaziSTa mala aura doSoM kA agni dvArA dAhana aura taba usakI paripakva pariNati-itanI hI kathAvastu yA AdhikArika kathAvastu hai / avaziSTa bhAga meM kathA kI gati tejI pakar3atI hai / ekAlApa, saMvAda aura lekhanI ke svara z2yAdA mukhara haiN| yaha sahI hai ki sapATa ghaTanA-vyApAra ke pracura upasthApana meM jitanI zakti lagatI hai usase kahIM adhika udbhAvana kSamatA aura urvara kalpanA kI apekSA inameM hai / jahA~ kucha nahIM hai vahA~ bhI apekSA se z2yAdA nikAla liyA gayA hai / saMvAdoM kI saMkhyA sau taka pahu~ca gaI hai aura aba taka ke kAvya meM jisa taraha ke vaktA-zrotA kabhI nahIM A pAe, vaise vaktAzrotAoM kI bAr3ha hai| vaktA zrotA kA tA~tA kama par3atA dekha lekhanI svayaM bolane lagatI hai| isase kAvyatva bAdhita ho yA na ho, kathAdhArA avazya vyavahita ho jAtI hai| udAharaNArtha, dvitIya khaNDa meM pR. 113 meM Arabdha rauMdana kriyA tIsa pRSThoM taka prasaMgAntara se vyavahita hokara puna: pR.160 meM yAda AtI hai| vaise aisA nahIM hai ki saMvAda kathAdhArA ke vikAsa meM yoga na dete hoM,dete haiM; avazya dete haiN| Alocya kRti kI kathA kA zubhArambha hI, Arambhika varNana chor3a deM to, saMvAda se hI hotA hai-saritA-taTa kI mATI aura mAtA dharatI ke saMvAda se / donoM ke bIca saMvAda kA krama calatA rahatA hai aura yaha calatA hai kAphI dUra taka / kahA~ taka kahA jAya, ye sAre khaNDa saMvAdoM se bhare par3e haiN|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xlix bhAva aura vicAra ke sakSama saMvAhaka saMvAda ____saMvAdoM meM kahIM bhAvodgAra haiM, kahIM vaicArika abhivyakti hai aura kahIM ghaTanA-sUtra kA saMketa / saritA taTa kI mATI kA Arambhika udgAra kitanI karuNA lie hue hai ? kitanI dayanIyatA hai usameM ki mAtA kA hRdaya pasIja jAtA hai aura vaha usI stara se udbodhana detI hai / mATI mu~ha nahIM kholatI, hRdaya kholatI hai, isIlie usakA marmabhedI prabhAva par3atA hai / yaha bahirAtmA kA nahIM, antarAtmA kA udgAra hai / kisI bhI sthiti kA jitanI hI gaharAI se ehasAsa hotA hai kavitA utanI hI prabhAvakArI aura balavatI hotI hai| mATI ko vaibhAvika bandhajanya vedanA kA jisa gaharAI se ehasAsa hai, usake varNa-varNa aura unase ghaTita pada tathA vAkya bolate haiN| prAya: kahA jAtA hai ki bhAva kI vyaMjaka sAmagrI kA niyojana honA cAhie, na ki usake vAcaka zabda kA / isase to 'svazabda-vAcyatva' doSa A jAtA hai - dekheM: "yAtanAyeM pIr3AyeM ye !/kitanI taraha kI vedanAyeM/kitanI aura Age kaba taka patA nahIM/inakA chora hai yA nahIM !" (pR. 4) parantu jaba vedanA anta - iyattAhIna ho taba anubhavitA bahuta lambA vyaMjaka vaktavya nahIM de sakatA, anyathA kAlidAsa kA kaNva zakuntalA kI bhAvI vidAI kA gaharAI se ehasAsa karatA hue abhivyakti ke zikhara para 'vaiklavyaM mama tAvadIdRzamidaM snehAdaraNyaukasa kahakara mauna kA patha na pakar3atA / paNDitarAja jagannAtha ne 'zoka' kA lakSaNa dete hue kahA hai-"putrAdiviyogamaraNAdijanmA vaiklavyAkhyAzcittavRttivizeSa: zokaH" - arthAt vaiklavya nAmaka cittavRtti hI zoka hai| iSTa ke nAza, iSTa kI aprApti aura aniSTa kI prApti se karuNa kA AvirbhAva hotA hai, vyaMjanA hotI hai / paNDitarAja kahate haiM ki putra prabhRti iSTajanoM ke viyoga athavA maraNa Adi se utpanna hone vAlI vyAkulatA hI zoka hai / mATI bhI iSTa kI aprApti tathA aniSTa kI prApti se vikalatA kA gaharAI se anabhava karatI hai, ata: use zokasaMvigna kahA jA rahA hai| usameM zoka hI nahIM hai, nirveda bhI hai / nirveda 'nityAnityavastuvicArajanmA' viSaya-vairAgya kA hI dUsarA nAma hai / usakI vedanA kI taha meM vairAgya bhI mukhara hai| niSkarSa yaha ki jaba vaktA kA antas bhAvoM kI niravadhi paramparA se bhara uThatA hai taba kAlidAsa kI taraha usI bhAva ko svazabda vAcya karake hI rAhata pAtA hai, kahA~ taka usakA vyaMjana kareM? mATI vyavahAra ke prati supta hai aura AtmA ke viSaya meM jAgarUka hai / zrImad devanandI-pUjyapAda svAmI ne 'samAdhitantra' meM ThIka hI kahA hai : "vyavahAre suSupto yaH sa jAgAMtmagocare / jAgarti vyavahAre'smin suSuptazcAtmagocare" // 78 // isa prakAra vibhinna mAnasa bhAvoM kI saMvAdoM dvArA sazakta vyaMjanA kI gaI hai / santa ke saMsarga meM Akara AtaMkavAdI hRdaya taka badala jAtA hai aura kahatA hai : "samagra saMsAra hI/duHkha se bharapUra hai,/yahA~ sukha hai, para vaiSayika aura vaha bhI kSaNika !" (pR. 485) isameM bhI nityAnityavivekajanmA vairAgya kA bhAva mukhara hai / saMvAdoM meM bhAvajagat bhI laharAtA hai aura viveka tathA tatprasUta mAnyatAe~ to mukhara huI hI haiM / santa sadguru apanI prakRti aura sambodhya mumukSu ko dRSTigata kara nirNIta mAnyatA vyakta karate haiM :
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________________ 1:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki/bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA AmUla miTa jAnA hI/mokSa hai / " (pR. 486) zAnta rasa meM nimagna santa ke isa taraha ke saMvAda mAnyatAoM se AmUla-cUla bikhare par3e haiN| kahIM se bhI uThAkara dekhA jA sakatA hai| saMvAdoM dvArA caritragata vaiziSTya kA udghATana agalI bAta jo saMvAdoM ke viSaya meM draSTavya hai vaha yaha ki ina saMvAdoM se vaktA pAtra kI caritragata viziSTatAe~ kisa sImA taka mukhara haiM ? isameM sAgara, svarNa kalaza aura AtaMkavAda ke khalanAyaka bhI bolate haiM aura dharatI, sadguru zilpI tathA vItarAga sAdhu bhI bolate haiM, kavi kI lekhanI bhI bolatI hai| eka zabda meM kahU~ to kyA nahIM bolatA hai-sunane aura grahaNa karane kI zaktiyA~ jAgarUka hoM to sabhI kucha na kucha kahate haiM / bahirAtmA ko apane anukUla aura antarAtmA ko apane anukUla vizvavINA se nirgata dhvani zrutigocara hotI hai / apanI-apanI prakRtigata vizeSatA ke kAraNa jaisA sunate aura grahaNa karate haiM vaisA hI bolate bhI haiM / sAgara, svarNa kalaza aura AtaMkavAda ke saMvAdoM meM unakI raudravRtti, nirmamatA, atyAcAra parAyaNatA, ni:sIma krUratA-sabhI viziSTatAe~ ubhara AtI haiN| kahIM se bhI inake uddharaNa lie jA sakate haiN| viparIta isake mumukSu ghaTa aura parigrahamukta sadguru ke bhI ahiMsAparaka zAntidAyaka vacana sunane ko milate haiN| kumbhakAra ke prAMgaNa meM bAdala se gire muktA ko lobhavaza baTorane vAle rAjA aura rAjamaNDalI ko mumukSu ghaTa kA vyaMgyapUrNa vacana aura anudvejaka tathA maryAdocita zilpI ke vacana-donoM kI prakRtigata vizeSatAoM ko vyaMjita karate haiM / eka banane kI prakriyA meM hai, ata: anyAya kA pratikAra vyaMgya vacana se karatA hai jabaki dUsarA apanI parama zAnta vRtti ke choTe DAla kara donoM ko patha dikhAtA hai| udAharaNoM se nibandha kA kalevara tundila ho jAyagA, ata: virata rahanA hI ucita hai| jijJAsu pAThaka mUla meM hI una paMktiyoM ko dekheM / saMvAda bhIge bhAvoM kI abhivyaMjanA hai, zAstrasammata mAnyatAoM ke prakAzaka to haiM hI / saMvAda hI nahIM prabhAkara ke lambe-lambe 'pravacana' bhI haiN| varNanatattva mahAkAvya ke pAramparika sA~ce meM agalA tattva varNana' hai| 'varNana' aura 'saMvAda' mahAkAvya meM vyApta bhAvadhArA yA saMvedanA ko ubhArane meM sahAyaka hote haiN| isameM kevala saMvAda, ekAlApa, svagata aura pravacana hI nahIM haiM, jinase mAtra saiddhAntika mAnyatAe~ rakhI gaI hoN| aisA taba hotA jaba vaha kevala 'zAstra' likhate / racayitA ko isa bAta yA saMkalpa kA dhyAna hai ki vaha kAvya yA prabandha kAvya de rahA hai, phalata: vicAra kI A~ca meM paripakva bhAvanA, santulita kalpanA aura viveka paricAlita varNanatattva kA bhI usane dhyAna rakhA hai aura acchA rakhA hai| varNanAe~ kRti ke cAroM khaNDoM meM ramaNIya varNanAe~ haiM / prakRti varNana meM prAtaH, sAyaM, rAtri kA, zizira, vasanta, grISma kA, sAgara, prabhAkara, sudhAkara kA, dharatI, nArI, sAdhaka aura santa kA, tapa:prakriyA aura svapna kA, pAtra (seTha) mudrA aura mATI kA to manohara, cittAvarjaka tathA lalita varNana hai hI, sat aura asat ke pakSadhara aura vipakSiyoM kA lomaharSaka tathA bhayAvaha saMgharSa bhI varNita hai| niSkarSa yaha ki ye varNana kAvya ko bhAvoddIpana kI pIThikA pradAna karate haiM jisase kAvya kI mUlabhUta upAdAna saMvedanA rUpAntarita hotI hai| eka racayitA ko yaha yAda dilAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai ki kAvya saMvedanA kA rUpAntaraNa hotA hai| varNana bhI sapATa varNana nahIM hai, bhAvanA aura kalpanA kI raMgInI lie hue indradhanuSI hai / racayitA jisakA jaisA bhAvadIpta rUpa prastuta karanA cAhatA hai, vaisA varNana karatA hai-mRdu aura komala bhI, bhayAvaha aura karkaza bhI, cittAkarSaka aura ramaNIya bhI aura kSobhakara aura udvejaka bhI, sAtha hI Alambana cetana kA bhI aura
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA ::li uddIpana acetana kA bhI / jIvana aura saMsAra ke kalAtmaka udrekhaNa meM donoM kA hI prasaMga AtA hai| prAta:kAla aura saritA varNana granthArambha meM prAta:kAla aura saritA ke hI varNana ko leN| bhAvanA aura kalpanA kI raMgInI kAvyocita AkarSaNa paidA karatI hai| racayitA kalAkAra bhI hai aura santa bhI hai / use isa bAta kA dhyAna hai ki sAMsArika udvega, vyathA, vedanA aura vairAgya kI mATIgata bhAvanA ke uddIpaka rUpa meM prakRti sahAyikA hokara pIThikA prastuta kare / Upara-nIce caturdika nIravatA chAI huI hai, aise meM sAdhaka kA mana zAnta rahatA hai| mAyA kA brAhma prahara hai / uSA apanI taruNimA meM hai| bhAnu aura prAcI kA dRzya bimbavidhAna anubhavaikagamya hai| yaha kathana samAsokti ke AlaMkArika AvaraNa meM hai| prastuta tandrila bhAnu kI aruNima pariveza meM udayonmukhatA hai aura aprastuta mA~ kI mArdava-nirbhara-goda meM lAla cAdara or3he jAgaraNonmukha tandrila zizu kI aMgar3AI / isI prakAra prastuta hai aruNima prAcI para aprastuta hai sindUra-nirbhara-sImanta vAlI gadarAI siMdUrI AbhA kI khule mAtha vAlI taruNI / ina aprastuta yojanAoM se lipaTI prakRti kitanI manorama hai ! udhara nimIlanonmukha kumudinI aura sAmane AtA prabhAkara aura aprastuta rUpa meM usa bimba kI kalpanA kareM jahA~ nirlajja parapuruSa ke kara-sparza ke bhaya se apane meM simaTatI kulInA strI paridRzya se ojhala hote hue pati ke prati ubharI huI sarAga-mudrA aura aMga para chiTake rAjasa parAga ko DhaMka rahI ho / kamalinI bhI ardhonmIlita hai, jahA~ aprastuta yaha ki vaha kumudinI parapuruSa kI darzanIyA prabhA ko bhI nahIM dekhanA cAhatI / isa para arthAntaranyAsa yaha ki IrSyA para kauna vijayI bana sakA hai, vaha bhI jIva ke strI paryAya meM ? yaha to anahonI hai| yahA~ tila-tuNDalavat donoM alaMkaroM kI saMsRSTi' hai, na ki sandeha saMkara, aMgAMgibhAva saMkara athavA ekavyaMjakAnupraveza saMkara / rAtri kA yaha AlaMkArika libAsa kitanA manohara hai| yaha sandhi belA hai ! tArApati candra kA anugamana tArikAe~ kara rahI haiM, unheM zaMkA hai ki parapuruSa divAkara kahIM dekha na le| prAta:kAlIna malayAnila macala uThA hai, gandhavaha gandha bikhera rahA hai / AtmacetA mATI kucha rahasya, kucha ekAnta vyathA apanI mA~ se kahanA cAhatI hai aura pariveza use anukUla laga rahA hai : "para kI nAsA taka/isa gopanIya vArtA kI gandha/ 'jA nahIM sakatI !"(pR.3) bagala meM saritA pravAhita hai, para vaha apanI dhuna meM gunagunAtI apane pati sAgara kI ora gatizIla hai| isa samaya na nizAkara hai na nizA, na divAkara hai na divA aura dizAe~ bhI andhI haiN| rahasyavArtA aura ekAnta vyathA ke nivedana ke nimitta isase adhika upayukta pariveza kyA ho sakatA hai ? aprastuta meM prAcI kI zRMgArika mudrA kA aise meM bhAnA thor3A avazya khaTakatA hai, para racanAkAra racanAkAra bhI hotA hai, santa to hai hii| prakRti aura saritA kA puna: varNana mATI kI uddiSTa mahAyAtrA ke Arambhika kSaNa meM kiyA gayA prakRti aura saritA kA varNana kucha aisA hai jaise ve sabhI mATI kA svAgata kara rahe hoN| prabhAta apanI bahina rAtri ko mATI ke abhyudaya se prasanna hokara harSAtireka se upahAra ke rUpa meM komala kopaloM kI halakI AbhA ghulI haritAbha kI sAr3I detA hai aura ise pahana kara jAtI huI vaha apane bhAI prabhAta ko sammAnita karatI hai / idhara saritA taTa kI ora AtI una rajatAbha lahariyoM se, jo phUloM kI anagina mAlAoM kA upahAsa kara rahI hoM, mATI kA caraNa cUmatI hai / ha~samukha kalazI meM phena ke vyAja se mAno dadhi lekara saritA taTa khar3A hai| tRNa binduoM ke vyAja se dharatI ke hRdaya meM mATI ke lie mAno karuNA umar3a rahI hai aura usake aMga-aMga apUrva harSanirbhara-pulaka se nAca uThe hoM / cAroM tarapha ullAsa aura prakAza hai, roSa prazAnta hai, doSa kA hrAsa aura guNoM ke koSa kA udaya hai / yAtrA kA sUtrapAta hai na ! isalie prakRti bhI cAroM ora prasanna aura pulakita-sI naz2ara A rahI hai|
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________________ lii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA zilpI svarUpa varNana mATI meM jisa ghaTa kA pariNAma hotA hai, zilpana honA hai, tadartha santa sadguru mUrtimAn zAntarasa AtA dRSTigocara ho rahA hai / racayitA usakA nitAnta santocita rUpa prastuta karatA hai| 'zizupAlavadha' meM mAgha kavi ne jisa prakAra nArada kA varNana kiyA hai ThIka usI rau meM prastuta racayitA bhI zilpI kumbhakAra kA zanaiH-zanai: apanI AkRti meM sphuTa - sphuTatara ubharatA huA samIpa - samIpatara AtA naz2ara A rahA / usameM ananya bhAva aura cAva bhare hue haiN| usake vizAla bhAla para, jo bhAgya kA bhaNDAra hai, kabhI tanAva naz2ara nahIM AtA / usameM koI vikalpa nahIM hai, viparIta isake dRr3ha saMkalpa hai / arthahIna jalpanA z2arA bhI nahIM rucatI use / vaha eka kuzala zilpI hai jo mATI meM, mATI ke kaNa-kaNa meM nihita tamAma sambhAvanAoM ko mUrta rUpa pradAna karatA hai| vaha artha kA apavyaya to kyA vyaya bhI nahIM krtaa| yaha zilpa zilpI ko artha ke binA arthavAn banA detA hai / isane apanI saMskRti meM kabhI vikRti nahIM Ane dii| isake zilpa meM aba taka koI dAga nahIM lgaa| isakA nAma hai - kumbhakAra, jo nitAnta sArthaka hai, kAraNa, yaha 'kuM' - dharatI kA 'bha' - bhAgya-vidhAtA hai / kartavyabuddhi se satkArya ke prati jur3e hue isa zilpI meM ajJAna prasUta kartRtvabodha kA ahaMkAra nahIM hai / vaha zilpa Arambha karatA hai / Age racayitA isa zilpana kA itivRttAtmaka varNana karatA hai / zizira, vasanta aura grISma varNana Alocya kRti ke dvitIya khaNDa meM zizira, vasanta aura grISma ke bhI varNana Ae haiN| prasaMga zilpana kA cala rahA hai jahA~ zizira se Arambha kara grISma taka kA varNana hai / zizira ke pratikUla ThaNDaka kA pariveza zilpI kI nirmANopayogI ekatAnatA ko bhaMga nahIM karatA, na hI zilpI zizira kI ThaNDaka kA pratirodha karatA hai / vastuta: donoM kI prakRti ThaNDI hai, ata: saMvAda hai / zizira aura tapana ke bIca hemanta aura vasanta daba gae haiM - hemanta to bilkula hI, vasanta kA nAma bhara hai| grISma yA tapana kI bhayAvahatA aura bhISaNatA kA 'samucitalalitasannivezanacAru' kAvyabhASA meM prabhAvI varNana rekhAMkanIya hai| eka udAharaNa leM : : "kabhI karAla kAlA rAhU / prabhA - puMja bhAnu ko bhI / pUrA nigalatA huA dikhA, kabhI-kabhAra bhAnu bhI vaha / anala ugalatA huA dikhA / / jisa ugalana meM per3a-paudhe parvata- pASANa / pUrA nikhila pAtAla tala taka pighalatA galatA huA dikhA / " (pR. 182 ) isa taraha lambA varNana prasaMgocita DhaMga se calatA hai| isa dRzya meM grISma kA pracaNDa rUpa mUrta ho gayA hai| yadi yahA~ kI saMghaTanA sAmAsika tathA varNa saMyukta aura mahAprANa hote to prabhAva aura bar3ha jAtA, ojasvI varNya kI prakRti ke anurUpa hotA / antima do khaNDoM ke varNana prasaMga tRtIya aura caturtha khaNDoM meM varNanoM kI pracuratA hai / vahA~ prasaMgagata sUrya, sAgara aura sudhAkara, badalI, ghana, pavana ke sAtha dharatI aura nArI kI mahimA prasaMgocita rUpa meM varNita hai| isI prakAra caturtha khaNDa meM bhI ghaTa kI tapasyA, atithi kA sAttvika svarUpa tathA seTha kI gamana mudrA kA atyanta jIvanta aura prabhAvI varNana hai / Alocya kRti ke ina antima do khaNDoM meM racayitA kI pratibhA kA saMrambha ghaTa kI tapasyA aura tapoyAtrA kA saMgharSa varNita hai, jahA~ sat aura asat pakSadhara pratIkoM kA prabhAvI aura tumula yuddha hai / antata: asat pakSa para sat kI vijaya dikhAI gaI hai, asat ke pakSadharoM kA bhI hRdaya parivartita huA hai aura AtaMkavAdI kA hRdaya bhI vibhAva se svabhAva kI ora mur3anA cAhatA hai| niSkarSa yaha ki racayitA varNanoM se kRti meM pratipAdya aMgI zAnta rasa kA prabhAva mUrta karane meM bharapUra sahayoga pradAna karatA hai| isa varNana se pAThaka ko yaha zikSA milatI hai ki 'rAmAdivat vartitavyam na rAvaNAdivat' - santa aura siddha ghaTa kI taraha vyavahAra
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: liii karanA cAhie na ki asAdhu aura asanta svarNa kalaza aura AtaMkavAdiyoM kI trh| isa saMgharSa varNana se dUsarI zikSA yaha bhI milatI hai ki niyati ke bAvajUda puruSArthI sAdhaka ke dRr3ha saMkalpa aura pauruSa ko dekhakara divya zaktiyA~ bhI sahAyaka ho jAtI haiN| kahA ho gayA hai : " na Rte zrAntasya sakhyAya devAH " - devatA bhI sahAyatA kA hAtha puruSArthI kI ora tabhI bar3hAte haiM jaba ve dekhate haiM ki puruSArthI sAdhaka puruSArtha karate-karate zrAnta ho uThA hai, para apane saMkalpa aura kartavya labhyaprApya para aDiga hai / - pAtra - nAyaka aura caritra : pAramparika sA~ce meM dhIrodAtta nAyaka mahAkAvya ke lie pAramparika sA~ce meM agalA tattva jo apekSita hai vaha hai eka yA aneka loka prasiddha, itihAsa prasiddha yA purANa prasiddha dhIrodAtta nAyaka / yaha bAta Arambha meM kahI jA cukI hai ki zAyara - siMha aura sapUta lIka chor3akara calate haiM, para pAramparika virAsata aura sAMskRtika riktha kA nirvAha karate haiM / nAyaka paurANika yA aitihAsika yA ho, mahAsattA aMzI dharatI ke aMza mATI kA vaha paryAya avazya hai, antarAtmA jIva kA pratinidhi (ghaTa) hai| yaha ghaTa ananta sambhAvanAoM aura aparimeya guNoM kA AgAra hai| yaha 'dhIra zAnta' nAyaka hai / dhIrodAtta kI sambhAvanA jaba aMgI zAnta hai taba usakA Azraya zamapradhAna hI hogA, dhIra zAnta hI hogA, na ki kSatriya kulodbhUta prakhyAta vaMza kA dhIrodAtta / yaha taba hotA jaba aMgI vIra yA zRMgAra jaisA rasa hotA / vIra meM laukika vijigISA hotI hai, zRMgArI meM laukika rAga / athavA dhIra zAnta kI jagaha 'dhIrodAtta' 'kaheM to kyA Apatti hai ? 'nAgAnanda' nATaka kA nAyaka jImUtavAhana dhIrodAtta hI to hai| yaha sahI hai ki 'audAttya ' sarvotkRSTa vRtti kA hI dUsarA nAma hai jo vijigISutA ke calate hI sambhava hai| paramArtha kA sAdhaka santa to zamapradhAna hone se usase udAsIna aura 'nirjigISu' hI pratIta hotA hai / yaha tathya Alocya kRti se spaSTa hai / vaha AtaMkavAdiyoM se saMgharSa nahIM kara rahA hai apitu seTha parivAra ko yahI parAmarza de rahA hai ki ye asat pakSa ke pratinidhi AtaMkavAdI SaDyantra se upadrava karanA cAhate haiM, ata: inake ghere se nikala bhAganA hi / dekhie : " kumbha ne kahA seTha se ki / " turanta parivAra sahita yahA~ se nikalanA hai,/vilamba ghAtaka ho sakatA hai" / " (pR. 422) asat pakSa ke mUrtimAn vighna kA pratIka svarNa kalaza lalakAratA hai : "eka ko bhI nahIM choDUM, / tumhAre Upara dayA kI varSA sambhava nahIM aba,/pralaya kAla kA darzana / tumheM karanA hai abhI / " (pR. 421 ) uttarapakSa : sapUrvapakSa - dhIrodAtta kA isakA saMketa jhArI ne mATI ke kumbha ko diyA aura kumbha ne parivAra ko mauna saMketa diyA / saba bhAga nikle| kyA yaha 'audAttya' hai, vijigISutA hai ? aura nahIM hai to 'ghaTa' nAyaka 'dhIrodAtta' kaise ? yaha to zamapradhAna hone se parama - kAruNika aura vItarAga hai, isalie dhIrazAnta hI pratIta hotA hai| ina sabakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki yadyapi audAttya sarvotkRSTa hokara rahane kI vRtti kA hI dUsarA nAma hai, aura vaha vijigISutA hai, to vaha bhI nAyaka ghaTa meM vidyamAna hai| vijigISu vaha bhI hai jo zaurya, tyAga, dayA, dAna, upakAra Adi sAttvika guNoM se dUsaroM se Age bar3ha jAtA hai / vijigISu kevala vahI nahIM hai jo parApakAra pUrvaka parakIya arthagrahaNa Adi meM pravRtta hotA hai / audAttya kI isa avadhAraNA se to mArgadUSaka bhI dhIrodAtta ho jAyagA / rAma Adi ko bhI bhUmilAbha yA rAjyalAbha huA hai parantu unakA mukhya lakSya hai - loka
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________________ liv :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA - maMgala / isa nimitta vaha rAvaNa jaise duSTa kA nigraha karate haiN| unheM bhUmilAbha yA rAjyalAbha yA patnIlAbha to AnuSaMgika prApti hai| dhIrazAnta kA saiddhAntika pakSa ghaTa jisa santa antarAtmA yA paramAtmA kA aba pratIka bana cukA hai, vaha to apanA saba kucha dA~va para lagA kara samarpaNazIla seTha parivAra kI rakSA arthAt loka maMgala meM parAyaNa hai / isa prakAra to vaha sampUrNa vizva kA hI atikramaNa kara rahA hai| vaha antarAtmA yA paramAtmA bana jAne para viSaya sukha meM parAGmukha hai| samasta du:khoM ke hetubhUta vaiSayika sukha sambandhI samasta prakAra kI tRSNA meM nirabhilASa hai, ata: usane to sabhI ko jIta liyA hai| isase bar3A audAttya kyA hogA ? isa para se bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki Alocya kRti meM zAnta aMgI hai, jisakA sthAyI bhAva 'zama' hai aura 'zama' 'samastatRSNAkSayasukhAtmA' hai| parasaMsargaja vikAroM ke kSaya se AtmabhAva meM pratiSThita ghaTa svabhAva sukha-lAbha kara rahA hai, ata: hara taraha se ise 'zAnta' hI mAnA jAnA cAhie, to isase bhI kSati kyA hai ? vAstava meM mahAkAvya kA dhIrodAtta kama se kama zAntarasa pradhAna kRti meM dhIrazAnta kA bhI upalakSaNa hai| yaha nATya kRti nahIM hai, yaha zravyakAvya hai / yahA~ jaba 'zAnta' rasa kA honA pAramparika sA~ce meM vihita hai taba usake sthAyI bhAva 'zama' kA Azraya 'dhIrazAnta' kA nAyaka honA bhI mauna vidhAna hI hai| niSkarSa yaha ki yahA~ pratIka ghaTa hI nAyaka hai aura vaha dhIra zAnta hI hai / sampUrNa kRti hI isameM sAkSI hai, tarka aura pramANa prastuta karane kI alaga se koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| vaha itanA dRr3ha nizcaya hai ki vighna aura bAdhAoM se AkrAnta seTha parivAra ke usa prastAva ko asvIkAra kara detA hai jisameM nadI santaraNa na kara vApasa ho jAne kI bAta kahI jA rahI hai| usakI zraddhA, vizvAsa, jJAna aura cAritra sabhI milakara mukti kA mArga kholate haiN| vaha saMgharSa parAyaNa, dRDhAdhyavasAyI, atigambhIra, mahAsattva, avikatthana tathA dRDhavrata hai| kRtikAra ne caturtha khaNDa meM varNita saMgharSa ke daurAna usakI caritragata tamAma vizeSatAoM kA muktakaNTha anAvaraNa kiyA hai| usake dRDhavrata aura anurUpa vyavasAya ko dekhakara vizva kI sabhI anukUla to anukUla, pratikUla zaktiyA~ bhI samarpita ho jAtI haiN| isa para bhI vinayI itanA ki vaha kumbhakAra kI ora, kumbhakAra vItarAga sAdhu kI ora iMgita karate haiM ki isa sArI saphalatA kA zreya unheM hai| unakA abhaya aura varada hasta uThA huA hai| nAyaka-nAyikA kI anyathA kalpanA kucha loga kahate haiM ki yahA~ kumbhakAra meM 'puMstva' aura 'mATI' 'strItva' hai aura garbhastha ghaTa ko bAhara nikAlane kA zreya kumbhakAra ko hai, ata: kumbhakAra ko nAyaka tathA mATI ko nAyikA mAnA jAnA caahie| yaha pakSa sucintita nahIM hai / eka to ghaTa mATI se pRthak nahIM, usI kA paryAya hai / kRtikAra ko abhISTa bhI yahI hai / dUsare nAyaka vaha hotA hai jo phalabhoktA ho / mokSarUpI caturtha puruSArtha lakSya hai, phala hai| ise taponiSTha ghaTa prApta karatA hai, upasargoM aura parISahoM kA sAmanA use karanA par3atA hai, isalie vahI nAyaka hai| kahA gayA hai : "phalabhoktA tu naaykH|" dUsare vaha svayaM phala bhoktA banakara nahIM raha jAtA, seTha parivAra ko bhI bhava saritA se pAra utAra detA hai / svayaM to adhIti, bodha aura zodha karatA hI hai usakA loka meM, jisakA pratIka seTha parivAra hai, pracAraNa bhI karatA hai / isa prakAra svabhAva sthita ghaTa catuSpAda pratiSThita hai| mAnava kI sambhAvanA jina cAra pAdoM para sthita hokara upalabdhi banatI hai, ve haiM-ve pUrvoktaadhIti, bodha, AcaraNa aura pracAraNa / jaina prasthAna kA Adarza yahI hai| kevalI se tIrthaMkara isI mAne meM uccatara haiM ki eka AtmakalyANa kara cuke haiM aura dUsare AtmakalyANa karate hue lokakalyANa bhI karate haiN| sevAbhAva zuddha bhAvanA hai| niSkarSa yaha ki kRti kA nAyaka AcaraNa sampanna pracAraNarata santa kA pratIka ghaTa hI hai / mArga se hokara maMz2ila taka pahu~cA huA ghaTa hI hai jo mahAmauna meM DUbate hue santa aura mAhaula ko nihAratA huA svayaM pUrNakAma aura AtmavizrAnta hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lv aMgIrasa nirUpaNa arthAt bhAva - yojanA uparyukta vivecana se suspaSTa hai ki Alocya kRti meM aMgIrasa zAnta hai| pAramparika sA~ce ke lakSaNa meM bhI aMgIrasa ke rUpa meM 'zAnta' kA vidhAna hai| isakA sthAyI bhAva 'samastatRSNAkSayasukhAtmA' zama hai / yaha lakSaNa abhinava gupta kA hai / paNDitarAja kA kahanA hai : " nityAnityavastuvicArajanmA viSayavirAgAkhyo nirveda : " - tattvajJAnajanya nirveda hI zAnta rasa kA sthAyI bhAva hai- ( nATyazAstra - abhinava bhAratI) arthAt AtmasvarUpa sukha nitya, niratizaya aura svAtmasvarUpa hai jabaki viSaya - Atmera-sukha anitya, sAtizaya aura para sApekSa hai / isa prakAra ke dRr3ha vicAra se utpanna viSayavirAga hI nirveda hai aura yaha zAnta kA sthAyIbhAva hai / vitRSNIbhAvarUpa citavRtti vizeSa hI nirveda hai| nirveda saMcArI bhI hai aura sthAyI bhI / pahalA kSaNika hai aura dUsarA sthira - " vAsanArUpANAmamISAM muharmuharabhivyaktireva sthirapadArthatvAt" (rasagaMgAdhara, pra.A.) kSaNika nirveda gRhakalaha Adi se utpanna hotA hai para dUsarA vicAra karate-karate sthira prakRti kA paidA hotA hai / pahalA lakSaNa vidhyAtmaka hai aura dUsarA niSedhAtmaka / pahale meM ' tRSNAkSayasukhAtmA' mAnA gayA hai, dUsare meM ' vitRSNIbhAva' hI kahA gayA hai| eka vivAda yaha bhI hai ki yadi sthAyI bhAva cittavRtti vizeSarUpa hI hai aura zAnta usI kA puSTarUpa hai to vaha nikhAlisa AtmasvarUpApatti svarUpa nahIM hogA, jaisA ki dhanika ne 'dazarUpaka' kI TIkA meM kahA hai| zruti bhI use neti-neti ke anyApoha rUpa se hI kahatI hai / isa taraha ke zAnta kA AsvAda to mukta puruSa hI mokSAvasthA meM kara sakate haiM, na ki sahRdayamAtra / isalie dUsare logoM kA pakSa hai ki vahA~ taka pahu~cAne vAle upAya kA AsvAda hI zAnta rasa kahA jAya / yaha upAya abhAvAtmaka nahIM hai, rasa sukha svarUpa hai, ata: usakA svarUpa 'sukhAtmA' hI honA cAhie, vidhyAtmaka honA caahie| kAvyAsvAda ke rUpa kA zAnta aura mokSAvasthA ke zAnta meM upAya aura upeya kA antara mAnakara calanA caahie| isa para yaha bhI samasyA uTha khar3I hotI hai ki jaise aura rasoM kA sthAyI bhAva idAnIntana aura tadAnIntana vAsanA ke rUpa meM sahRdayoM ke hRdaya meM pahale se hI vidyamAna ( jIvanAnubhava krama meM ) rahate haiM, kyA usI prakAra vitRSNIbhAva bhI rahatA hai ? samastatRSNAkSayasukhAtmA zama bhI rahatA hai ? hA~, sAMsArika viSayoM kI virasatA varNita ho to sahRdaya pAThaka kI cittavRtti banatI hai / astu / prastuta kAvya meM nityAnityavicArajanmA viSayavairAgya ghaTa meM hai| usI se vaha svarUpa - sukha prApti ke lie prayatna Arambha karatA hai aura samasta kAvya meM usakA upAya - tapa-varNita hai, jo mokSadazA meM upeya paryavasAyI hai / pAryantika dazA kI anubhUti mukta ko hogI, AntarAlika dazA kI sahRdaya ko / yahA~ Alambana hai anitya viSayasukha / prasthAna meM jagat anitya nahIM hai, ataH vedAntiyoM kI bhA~ti vaha Alambana nahIM ho sakatA / zAstrazravaNa, tapovana, tApasa darzana Adi uddIpana haiN| viSaya sukha meM aruci, zatru-mitra meM udAsInatA, nizceSTatA, nAsAgradRSTi Adi anubhAva haiM / glAni, kSaya, moha, viSAda, cintA, utsukatA, dInatA aura jar3atA Adi vyabhicArI bhAva haiM / 'abhinavabhAratI' kAra kA pakSa hai ki jaba tInoM puruSArthoM ke anurUpa cittavRtti hotI hai taba mahAbhAratAdi meM aMgIrUpa se pratiSThita zAnta ke anurUpa mokSa nAmaka caturtha puruSArthopayogI cittavRtti bhI hotI hai, honI caahie| unakI dRSTi meM 'zama' aura 'vairAgya' meM bheda hai / tattvajJAnajanya nirveda yA pratyeka sthAyI, yA samudita sthAyI zAnta kA sthAyI nahIM hai viparIta isake tattvajJAna, AtmajJAna, AtmasAkSAtkAra ko hI zAntarasa kA sthAyIbhAva mAnA jAnA cAhie / vairAgya aura saMsAra se palAyana Adi usa zAnta rasa ke vibhAva haiN| mokSazAstra kA vicAra Adi usake anubhAva haiM / nirveda, dhRti Adi vyabhicArI bhAva haiM / bhakti aura zraddhA bhI isI ke aMga haiN| abhinava gupta ne zAnta rasa kA virodha karane vAloM ke pakSa meM aneka yuktiyA~ haiM aura phira unakA khaNDana kara usakA sAMgopAMga vivecana kiyA hai| abhinava gupta ne 'locana' aura 'abhinava bhAratI' meM zAnta rasa para jamakara vicAra kiyA hai| vivAda na kevala
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________________ lvi:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'zAnta' rasa ke (kAvya) nATyagata astitva para hai apitu usake sthAyI bhAva para bhI hai| unakA kahanA hai ki dharma, artha aura kAma kI taraha mokSa bhI eka puruSArtha hai jisakI upalabdhi ke upAyoM para zAstroM meM paryApta carcA hai / jisa prakAra kAma Adi tIna puruSArthoM ke anurUpa rati Adi cittavRttiyA~ hotI haiM aura anurUpa poSaka sAmagrI se paripuSTa hokara saMvAdI sahRdaya meM AsvAdya hotI haiM, usI prakAra mokSa prApti ke anurUpa bhI cittavRtti banatI hai / yahI cittavRtti rasyamAna hokara zAnta rasa ke rUpa meM niSpanna hotI hai| savAla yaha hai ki isa cittavRtti kA svarUpa kyA hai ? cittavRtti kA svarUpa honA isalie Avazyaka hai ki 'bhAva' (cittavRtti) vahI hotA hai| bhAva hI sAmagrI puSTa hokara rasa banatA hai| aneka prakAra ke pakSa-vipakSa rakhate hue antataH unhoMne mAnA hai ki tattvajJAna hI, jo AtmasvarUpa hai, zamatA hai / sahRdayarasika kI do sthitiyA~ haiM - samAdhi' kI aura 'vyutthAna' kI / samAdhi meM hI 'zAnta' kA anubhava rahatA hai, AtmA kA anubhava hotA hai, vyutthAna meM nahIM, parantu samAdhi meM cittavRtti kA nirodha rahatA hai| pAtaMjala yogasUtra ke sAkSya para unakA pakSa hai ki samAdhi se uThakara vyatthAna dazA meM bhI (samAdhi dazA ke anubhava se janita) saMskAra vaza kacha dera taka prazAntavAhitA banI rahatI hai / vyutthAna meM citta kI prazAntavAhI vRtti sambhava hai / yahI zAnta rasa kA anubhava sambhava hai / isa tattvajJAnAtmaka sthAyI ke laukika-alaukika samasta cittavRttiyA~ vyabhicArI haiN| tattvajJAna kA anubhava hI usakA anubhAva hai| IzvarAnugraha prabhRti vibhAva haiM / jaina prasthAna meM Izvara (IzvarakartRtva kI) kI sattA nahIM hai, ataH, jaisA ki Upara kahA gayA hai, Atmetara sukha kI anitya bhAvanA hI vibhAva hai| isI abhinava gupta ne 'locana' meM tRSNAkSayasukharUpa 'zama' ko 'zAnta' kahA hai, taba jaba vaha anurUpa sAmagrI se puSTa hotA hai / viSaya mAtra kI abhilASA kI sArvatrika nivRtti hI zama yA nirveda hai / viSaya mAtra se chuTakArA pAne kI icchA (cittavRtti) sAttvika svabhAva ke sahRdayoM meM to hotI hI hai / yaha bhI eka prakAra kI nirvedAtmaka cittavRtti yA manodazA hI hai| jo loga saba prakAra kI cittavRttiyoM ke prazama ko zAnta kA sthAyI bhAva batAte haiM unakA pakSa suvicArita nahIM hai / kAraNa, sthAyI bhAva ko bhAvarUpa hone ke lie cittavRtti rUpa honA Avazyaka hai| cittavRttiyA~ hI bhAva kahI jAtI haiN| kucha loga bharata ke "svaM svaM nimittamAsAdya..." ityAdi ko pramANa mAnate hue usa sAmAnya cittavRtti' ko zAnta kA sthAyI bhAva mAnate haiM jisameM kisI prakAra kA avAntara vizeSa utpanna na huA ho / isa pakSa meM sAmAnya hI sahI, kahI to gaI hai - cittavRtti hI / yaha sahI hai ki 'zAnta' rasa kI pAryantika pariNati nizceSTatA meM hai, aura abhinaya ceSTA hai / phalata: anabhineya kaha kara usakA nATya meM niSedha kiyA jAya to yaha bAta sabhI rasoM para lAgU hogii| pAryantika pariNati meM sabhI avarNanIya haiN| pAryantika pariNati se pUrva bhUmi meM (zAnta rasa kA anubhava karane vAle janaka Adi pAtroM meM) ceSTA kA honA dRSTigata hai / ina logoM meM vikSepa ke na hone se citta kA sadRza pariNAma dekhA gayA hai / yaha sadRza pariNAma hI prazAntavAhI sthiti hai, zAnta kA anubhava hai| isa vyutthAnakAla meM zAnta rasa (ke AsvAdayitA) kI ceSTAe~ dekhI jAtI haiM / hA~, yaha avazya hai ki isa rasa kA anubhava vItarAga ko hI hogA, sarvasAmAnya sahRdaya ko nahIM hogA / isakA khaNDana kevala isalie kara diyA jAya ki yaha rasa sarvasAmAnya ke anubhava meM nahIM AtA / jaba kisI ke anubhava meM AtA hai, taba usakA astitva kaise nakAra diyA jAya / vIra Adi rasoM meM isakA antarbhAva bhI sambhava nahIM hai| kAraNa hai, unameM ahaMkAra kA sadbhAva jabaki zama meM usakA prazama hotA hai / bhaTTatauta praNIta 'kAvyakautuka ke vivaraNa meM abhinava ne isa para aura bhI prakAza DAlA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke cauthe khaNDa ke anta meM samarpita AtaMkavAdI ko bhI Atmasukha rUpa zAnta ke prati sandeha hai / seTha parivAra ke sAtha AtmoddhAra prApta ghaTa ko dekhakara dharatI prasanna hokara kahatI hai : "sRjanazIla jIvana kA/vargAtIta apavarga huaa|" (pR. 483)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lvii dharatI kI bhAvanA sunakara kumbha sahita sabane kRtajJatA kI dRSTi se kumbhakAra kI ora dekhA aura nirabhimAna prazAnta kumbhakAra ne kucha hI dUra para pAdapa ke nIce pASANa phalaka para AsIna vItarAga sAdhu kI ora sabakA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA / gurudeva ne prasanna mana se abhaya kA hAtha uThAte hue kahA : "zAzvata sukha kA lAbha ho|" (pR. 484) yahI zAzvata svabhAva sukha kA lAbha zAnta rasa kA lAbha hai / parantu AtaMkavAdI kahatA hai ki saMsAra ke kSaNika sukha kA to use anubhava hai parantu akSaya sukha' para use vizvAsa nahIM ho rahA hai / yadi vItarAga gurudeva avinazvara sukha pAne ke bAda use unheM bhI dikhA sakeM, apanA anubhava batA sakeM, to vaha bhI usake prati Azvasta ho sake aura anurUpa sAdhanA meM utre| dala kI dhAraNA sunakara santa kahate haiM ki bandhanarUpa tana, mana aura vacana kA AmUla miTa jAnA hI mokSa nAmaka carama puruSArtha hai| isI kI zuddha dazA meM avinazvara sukha hotA hai / isa para bhI yadi use vizvAsa na ho to AcaraNa karake vizvAsa pUrvaka vaha usa jagaha pahu~ce jahA~ vItarAga sthita hai, tabhI use santa ke vacana para vizvAsa hogA aura vaha avinazvara sukha bhogegaa| tabhI vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI, para mArga meM nahIM, maMz2ila para / zAnta rasa kI anubhUti vastuta: mukta ko hI hotI hai, vItarAga ko hI hotI hai, samAdhi meM bhI aura vyutthAna meM bhii| ___ muktikAmI jIva ke pratIka ghaTa meM viSaya-saMsarga se utpanna vaibhAvika sukha ke prati nirveda hai, vairAgya hai / yahI anitya bhAvanA 'vibhAva' hai / ghaTa kahatA hai, mATI kA paryAya ghaTa : 0 "sukha-muktA hU~/duHkha-yuktA hU~/tiraskRta tyaktA hU~ mA~ !" (pR. 4) - "isa paryAya kI/iti kaba hogI?/isa kAyA kI/cyuti kaba hogI ? batA do, mA~ "ise !" (pR. 5) kumbha-muktajIva kA pratIka-meM zAnta kA 'anubhAva' jagaha-jagaha varNita huA hai / gahana sAdhanA aura tapa se usakA kaSAya zAnta ho gayA hai, samasta tRSNA kA kSaya ho cukA hai, zama yA tattvajJAna ho gayA hai evaM sabhI prakAra ke upasarga aura parISahoM ko vaha pAra kara cukA hai / seTha ke yahA~ se bhejA huA sevaka jaba usake muktabhAva yA paripakvAvasthA kI parIkSA karatA hai, taba usameM se 'sA-re-ga-ma-pa-dha-ni' kI dhvani sunAI par3atI hai, arthAt usake roma-roma se yaha dhvani nikala rahI hai ki samasta prakAra ke du:kha AtmA ke svabhAva meM nahIM haiN| yaha zAnta rasa aura mukta vItarAga kA anubhava hI to hai| seTha ke samuddhAra kA sArA prayAsa zAnta' kA pracAraNa hI to hai, usakA kArya hI hai / ina saba ceSTAoM se usameM zAnta yA mokSa kI pratiSThA pramANita hotI hai| rahe vyabhicArI bhAva, so unake viSaya meM bhI dekhanA caahie| isa paryAya kI iti kaba hogI'- isa paMkti meM prayukta 'kaba' pada se 'kAlAkSamatva' rUpa autsukya' nAmaka vyabhicArI bhAva kI vyaMjanA hai / Alocya grantha meM sthAnasthAna para aneka saMcAriyoM kI vyaMjanA huI hai| abhISTa kI prApti se utpanna hone vAlI cittavRtti kA nAma harSa' hai / isakI vyaMjanA una paMktiyoM se hai jinameM iSTa zilpI kA apanI tarapha AnA varNita huA hai : "apanI ora hI/bar3hate bar3hate/A rahe vaha / zramika-caraNa"/aura/phUlI nahIM smaatii|" (pR. 25) 'harSa' kI vyaMjanA anekatra hai, vahA~ bhI jahA~ ghaTa aneka parIkSAoM se guz2aratA huA maMz2ila pA letA hai athavA vahA~ bhI jahA~ vaha upAsaka saparivAra seTha ko pAra lagA detA hai / saMskArajanya jJAna 'smRti' hai :
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________________ lviii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "chane jala se kumbha ko bhara kara/Age bar3hA ki/vahI purAnA sthAna jahA~ mATI lene AyA hai/zilpI kumbhakAra vaha ! parivAra-sahita kumbha ne/kumbhakAra kA abhivAdana kiyaa|" (pR. 481) puruSa ko parAbhava mahasUsa ho aura ceharA vivarNa yA adhomukha ho jAya to jo manodazA hotI hai, use 'brIDA' kahate haiN| kumbhakAra ke prAMgaNa meM megha-muktA kI ora lapakatI maNDalI aura rAjA ko dekha kumbha vyaMgya kasatA hai, para kumbhakAra usake bar3abolepana para pratAr3ita karatA hai / taba kumbha ko apane kie para 'vrIDA' hotI hai : "kumbhakAra ne kumbha kI ora/baMkima dRSTipAta kiyA ! Atma-vedI, para marma-bhedI/kAla-madhura, para Aja kaTuka kumbha ke kathana ko virAma mile/...kisI bhA~ti,/aura rAjA ke prati sadAzaya vyakta ho apanA/isI Azaya se|" (pR. 218) 'dhRti' vaha manodazA hai jisase lobha, zoka, bhaya Adi se prasUta kSobha kA nivAraNa ho jAtA hai| isameM viveka, zAstra jJAna Adi vibhAva hote haiM va cApalya Adi kA upazama anubhAva / ghaTa kI mahAyAtrA meM aise aneka kSaNa Ate haiM jaba vaha upasarga aura parISahoM ko dhRtipUrvaka sahana karatA hai / tapana, sAgara kI ora se preSita badalI, bAdala tathA antima khaNDa meM AtaMkavAdiyoM kA AkramaNa-aisI aneka bhayAvaha ghaTanAe~ haiM jinameM dhRtipUrvaka ghaTa yAtrA taya karatA hai| svayaM bhI vivekaprasUta dhRti dhAraNa karatA hai aura saparivAra seTha ko bhI sAhasa tathA dhRti pradAna karatA hai| "Upara ghaTatI isa ghaTanA kA avalokana/khulI A~khoM se kumbha-samUha bhI kara rhaa| para,/kumbha ke mukha para/bhIti kI lahara-vaiSamya nahIM hai / " (pR. 251) 'mati' kA to Agara hai yaha ghaTa / mati vaha manodazA hai jo artha kA nirdhAraNa karatI hai aura isa nirdhAraNa ke pIche zAstrIya vicAra kAma karate haiN| zaMkAhInatA tathA saMzaya kA uccheda Adi anubhAva hotA hai / kaThina samaya meM zIghra nirNaya mati se hotA hai / isa prakAra zAnta rasa ke poSaka - upAyAvasthA ke poSaka - sAdhanoM kA samyak upayoga huA hai / vyabhicArI bhAvoM kI puSkala abhivyaMjanA huI hai| __ mahAkAvya ke pAramparika sA~ce meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki yahA~ eka aMgI rasa to honA hI cAhie, aMga rUpa meM anya rasoM kA bhI prayoga ho sakatA hai / aMga rUpa meM vyaMjita rasa aparipuSTa hote haiN| phalata: unheM aupacArika rUpa meM hI rasa kahA jAtA hai / atirikta aMga rUpa rasoM ke sthAyIbhAva vyabhicArI bhAva hI hote haiN| __ Alocya kRti ke dUsare khaNDa meM, jahA~ mATI kA rauMdA jAnA Arambha huA hai-vahA~, prasaMgavaza prAya: navoM rasoM kI bAta AI hai| ina rasoM kI sattA tadanurUpa vibhAva aura anubhAvoM kI yojanA se mUrta huI hai / para jaisA ki upadezaparaka aura vicAraparaka isa kRti kI prakRti rahI hai, aise prasaMga bhI prakRti se prabhAvita hue haiN| Azraya aura Alambana prAya: yahA~ bhI acetana haiM / phalata: aMgIbhUta saMvedanA kA jisa taraha aMga banakara inheM AnA cAhie, vaise nahIM A pAe haiN| vIra rasa zilpI ke AjAnu pada se mATI lipaTI huI hai aura lipaTana kI isa kriyA meM mahAsattA mATI kI bAhuoM se 'vIra rasa' phUTa rahA hai aura kaha rahA hai zilpI se ki vaha apanI vijaya kAmanA kI pUrti ke lie pyAlA bhara-bhara kara pI le / parantu zilpI kA vIrya usako phaTakAratA hai aura sIkha detA hai ki vijaya Aga se nahIM pAnI se zAnta rasa kI mahAyAtrA meM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lix pAyA jAtA hai / ahaMkAra Aga hai aura vinamratA paanii| Aga pAnI para apanA asara dikhA sakatI hai para pAnI to taba bhI usakI sattA samApta kara sakatA hai / vIra meM ahambhAva hotA hai, bhale hI dhIrodAtta meM vaha vinayacchanna ho, zAnta meM usakA astitva ni:zeSa ho jAtA hai / kumbhakAra zAnta rasa kA pakSadhara hai / vaha mAnatA hai ki usakA kahIM bhI antarbhAva nahIM ho sakatA / isa prasaMga meM vIra rasa kI vyaMjanA to vyAja hai / vastuta: zAnta ke pratipakSI rUpa meM usakA nakAra hI upadiSTa hai| hAsya rasa vIra rasa kI anupayogitA para zilpI kA vaktavya suna kara mATI kI mahAsattA ke adharoM se hAsya phUTa par3A aura upahAsAspada bane vIra rasa kI mahattA para kucha kaha calA / zilpI ne hAsya kA bhI upahAsa kiyA aura usakI bhI anupayogitA yaha kaha kara jatAI ki kheda-bhAva ke vinAza hetu bhale hI hAsya upayogI ho, para zAnta meM upayogI veda-bhAva ke vikAsa hetu hAsya kA tyAga hI anivArya hai / kAraNa, antata: vaha bhI kaSAya hI hai / phira ha~sor3a meM kAryAkArya kA viveka kahA~ hotA hai aura zama ke lie nityAnitya ke viveka kI parama AvazyakatA hotI hai| raudra rasa zAnta ke pakSadhara zilpI para hAsya ne apanA prabhAva jamate na dekha kara raudra kA smaraNa kiyA / anubhAva varNanA dvArA raudra kA prAkaTya huA, mahAsattA mATI ke bhItara se / zilpI ne use bhI phaTakArA aura saumya mudrA meM nirbhIka hokara bolaa| eka hai rudratA, jo vikRti hai aura dUsarI ora bhadratA hai, jo prakRti hai| pahalI samiTa hai aura dUsarI amiTa / isa vaktavya se raudra rasa apanI bhayAvahatA meM aura bhayAvaha AkAra grahaNa karatA hai, jisase zilpI meM bhIti' udita ho, para zilpI matimAn hai| usakI mati bhIti kA sAmanA karane ko udyata hai-eka sabhaya hai, dUsarA abhaya hai / bIca meM hai ubhayavatI mati / mati abhayA ho jAtI hai| yaha zilpI puruSa kA prabhUta prabhAva hai / zAnta ke Age usakA bhI vaza nahIM claa| adbhuta rasa yaha eka asAdhAraNa, phalata: adbhuta ghaTanA thii| aisI adbhuta ki vismaya ko bhI vismaya ho aayaa| usakI palakeM apalaka raha gaIM aura vANI mUka ho gii| zrRMgAra rasa vismaya kA bhI zAnta para kucha prabhAva calate na dekha zRMgAra ke mukha kA Aba utarane lgaa| zilpI ko una viSayAndha zRMgArikoM para tarasa AyA / kAraNa, ve viSaya ke andhakAra meM nimagna haiN| zilpI kI dRSTi se rasa to zAnta hI hai, zeSa meM parasaMsargaja vikAra haiN| unameM vaibhAvika rasa hai jo vastuta: arasa hai / zAnta rasa ke upAsaka ko rUpa kI nahIM, arUpa kI pyAsa rahatI hai, isIlie jar3a zRMgAroM se use kyA prayojana ? usakA saMgIta saMgAtIta hai aura prIti aMgAtIta / isa prakAra zRMgAra kA bhI niSedhya rUpa se varNana huaa| bIbhatsa rasa svara kI nazvaratA aura sArahInatA sunakara prakRti kI nAsA pravAhita hone lagI, bIbhatsa ke vibhAvoM kA jamaghaTa laga gyaa| jina aMgoM ko dekhakara rAga hotA hai, una para bIbhatsa vairAgya paidA kara mAnoM vaha bhI zRMgAra ko nakAra detA hai| isa prakAra bIbhatsa zRMgAra se haTAkara cetanA ko zAnta rasa kI ora unmukha kara detA hai| karuNa rasa prakRti aura lekhanI hI nahIM, svayaM karuNA bhI apane bAla-svarUpa kaNa-kaNa meM uphanatI saMgharSa parAyaNa aura dhvaMsAvasAyI bhAvoM kI sthiti dekhakara phaphaka uThatI hai / zilpI isa ati ko dekhakara stabdha raha jAtA hai aura kahatA hai auroM kI tulanA meM karuNA heya nahIM, upAdeya hai para usakI bhI sImA hai| usakI sahI sthiti samajhanI hai| dizAbodhinI
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________________ lx :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA karuNA karane vAlA aura usakA pAtra banane vAlA, donoM kA mana ghulatA hai, donoM kucha apUrva anubhava karate haiM: "para ise/sahI sukha nahIM kaha sakate hm|" (pR. 154) yaha karuNA duHkha kA Atyantika kSaya nahIM kara sktii| isalie 'karuNA' meM duHkha kA Atyantika kSaya karane vAle zAnta kA antarbhAva nahIM ho sakatA / karuNA prabhAvita aura pravAhita hotI hai| zAnta na prabhAvita hotA hai aura na pravAhita / vaha sthira hai / racayitA kA dhyAna varNana karate samaya prabodha para adhika rahatA hai / tabhI rasa kA prasaMga Ane para bhI kahatA hai : "viSaya ko aura vizada karanA caahuuNgaa|" (pR. 156) vAtsalya rasa karuNA alaga bhAva hai aura vAtsalya alaga / isameM gurujana Azraya hote haiM aura zizu Alambana / mahAsattA mA~ Azraya hai yahA~ / karuNA kI bhA~ti yahA~ bhI dvaita hotA hai - Azraya-Alambana kA / advaita mauna rahatA hai / yaha bhI kSaNabhaMgura bhAva hai / ata: sthAyI aura avinazvara zAnta kA usameM bhI antarbhAva sambhava nahIM / vAtsalya aura karuNA ye donoM hI laukika bhAva haiN| saba rasoM kA anta honA hI zAnta rasa hai| ___ Upara rasoM kA abhivyaMjana kama aura varNana hI adhika hai, jisameM racayitA unake saMvedanAtmaka pakSa ko gauNa rakhakara zAnta ko rasarAja batAtA huA vaicArika pakSa para bala detA hai / jisa prakAra zAstragranthoM meM rasa-sAmagrI kA varNana hotA hai, yahA~ bahuta kucha vaisA hI hai / kahIM-kahIM saMvedanAtmakatA kI bhI chauMka hai para mUlata: jhukAva isa pratipAdya para hai ki zAnta anya rasoM meM anantarbhukta tathA unakA upamardI hai / vaha AtmAsvAda rUpa hone se aura parasaMsargaja bhAvoM se alaga hai| ghaTa, jisa sAdhaka jIvAtmA kA pratIka hai usameM zAnta rasa aura mokSa puruSArtha kI pratiSThA hI racayitA kA lakSya hai| Azraya meM Arambha se hI nityAnityavivekajanmA zama kI pratiSThA hai, vaibhAvika sukha meM vairAgya hai / etadartha apekSita sabhI zAstrokta upAyoM kA sahArA letA hai, guru kA mArganirdeza pAtA hai| sabhI prakAra ke kaSAya athavA vikAroM kA nAza karatA hai| yaha bAta pahale vistAra se kahI jA cakI hai ki zAnta kI pAryantika sthiti ko varNana yA vyaMjanA meM bhI utAranA sambhava nahIM, vaha anubhavaikagamya hai| usakI upAyAvasthA kA hI varNana sambhava hai aura vaha huA hai| aura rasoM kI vAsanA sahRdaya sAmAjika mAtra meM hai para zAnta kI yA usake sthAyI bhAva (zama) kI mukta meM hI sambhava hai / isake rasayitA parigaNita hI haiN| aise prasaMgoM meM samAdhistha ho jAte hoMge aura phira vyutthAna meM kucha samaya taka citta kI prazAntavAhitA rahatI hI hai| vaicArika pakSa 'mAnasa taraMga' meM racayitA kahatA hai : "aise hI kucha mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana hetu isa kRti kA sRjana huA hai aura yaha vaha sRjana hai jisakA sAttvika sAnnidhya pAkara rAgAtireka se bharapUra zRMgAra rasa ke jIvana meM bhI vairAgya kA ubhAra AtA hai|" yahI vairAgya yA nirveda nAmaka sthAyI bhAva prakRta grantha kA aMgI rasa hai, yaha bAta pahale kahI jA cukI hai| prayojana kI dRSTi se mokSa nAmaka caturtha puruSArtha hI isakA pratipAdya hai| zAstra kI dRSTi se mokSa aura kAvya kI dRSTi se zAnta rasa isakA pratipAdya hai, isIlie yaha kRti zAstrakAvya hai| jaina prasthAna ke isa zAstrakAvya meM kAvya ke mUla upAdAna saMvedanA ke ghaTaka 'vicAra' pakSa kA jahA~ taka sambandha hai, racayitA kI mUla vicAradhArA apane prasthAna kI honI svAbhAvika hai / gantavya (mokSa) ke prati isa prasthAna meM 'samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra' samudita rUpa se 'mokSa' kA 'mArga' hai / inameM se kisI eka ke abhAva meM mokSa niSpanna nahIM hogaa| pUrva-pUrva se uttara-uttara kA unmeSa hotA hai| 'darzana' 'jJAna' meM kAraNa hai aura 'darzana' sahita 'jJAna'
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lxi 'cAritra' meN| phira tInoM sammilita rUpa se mokSa meM sAdhana haiM, upAya haiM / isI ke sAtha yaha bhI jAnanA cAhie ki yadi 'mukta' puruSa meM 'cAritra' hai to 'jJAna'Avazyaka hai aura 'jJAna' hai to 'darzana' kI sattA anivArya hai / matalaba 'AsthA' ke sAtha 'jJAna'-pUrvaka kiyA gayA 'AcaraNa' hI abhISTa phala paidA karatA hai / jJAnahIna kI kriyA aura kriyAhIna kA jJAna vyartha hai aura ye donoM vyartha haiM-AsthAhIna ke| mokSamArgI ghaTa' jaba 'mokSa' ke lie kathA ke Arambha meM hI apanI gaharI abhIpsA yA saMkalpa sacce dila athavA mukta hRdaya se vyakta karatA hai taba anurUpa pratidhvani mahAsattA dharatI se nikalatI hai / vaha sabase pahale 'AsthA' arthAt 'samyag darzana' kI hI bAta karatI hai| vaha kahatI hai-'prati sattA meM aparimeya sambhAvanAe~ hotI haiM jo anurUpa nimitta pAkara caritArtha hotI haiN|' 'sabase pahale rahasya meM par3I isa gandha kA anupAna AsthA kI nAsA' se karanA hogA' (pR.78); 'AsthA se vAstA hone para rAstA svayaM zAstA hokara sambodhita karatA huA sAdhaka ko sAthI bana sAtha detA hai' (pR. 9); 'sAdhanA kI aMguliyA~ jaba AsthA ke tAroM para calatI haiM tabhI sArthaka jIvana meM svarAtIta saragama jharatI hai' (pR. 9) / gambhIra sAdhanA kI jvAlA se jaba ghaTa kI AtmA kA samagra vikAra kSINa ho jAtA hai aura seTha kA sevaka usa paripakva ghaTa kI parIkSA karatA hai taba usameM se 'sA-re-ga-ma-pa-dha-ni' yAnI 'sAre gama pada nahIM' kA svara sunAI par3atA hai, arthAt AtmA kA svabhAva samasta duHkhoM se mukta hai / vaha nitya niratizaya Ananda svarUpa hai, yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai| usake samasta bandha hetu- mithyAdarzana, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga- kSINa ho cuke haiN| usameM 'samyak jJAna' kA udaya ho cukA hai| vaha sAdhanA ke sabhI guNasthAnoM para ArUr3ha ho cukA hai| jaba taka sAdhaka sva-bhAva meM pratiSThita nahIM ho jAtA taba taka Atyantika mukti sambhava nahIM hai / jaba sAdhanAtmaka manthana se navanIta dadhi se bAhara A gayA, taba phira usase milakara sAMkarya kI sthiti prApta nahIM kara sakatA / caturtha khaNDa meM ghaTa ke sabhI Avaraka karmoM kA kSaya ho cukA hai, ata: vaha samyak jJAnI hai| vaha pramANa tathA nayoM dvArA sabhI tattvoM- jIva, ajIva (dharma, adharma, kAla, AkAza) Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa- kA jJAna prApta kara letA hai / isake jJAna meM saMzaya, viparyAsa tathA anadhyavasAya nahIM hotA / tattvata: cAritra AtmA kA svarUpa hI hai / ata: usakI abhivyakti darzana aura jJAnagata samyaktva se hotI hai| paMca mahAvrata isI svabhAva kI abhivyakti ke lie haiN| siddhAvasthA taka pahu~cane ke lie sAdhaka ko jisa naitika unnati ke anusAra Age bar3hanA par3atA hai, ve hI mokSamArga ke sopAna caturdaza guNasthAna haiN| Alocya kRti ke dvitIya, tRtIya aura caturtha khaNDoM kI samasta sAdhanA kI vyAkhyA inake Aloka meM kI jA sakatI hai / samyag jJAnI se AcaraNa yA cAritra vaise hI phUTatA hai jaise puSpa se gandha / mukta ghaTa zaraNAgata seTha parivAra kI mukti meM svayaM pravRtta hotA hai / 'mokSazAstra' meM kahA gayA hai ki kaSAya, pApa aura vyasana Adi saMsAra ke kAraNoM se virakta honA tathA deva pUjA, dAna Adi zubha kriyAoM meM pravRtta honA samyak cAritra hai| kumbha kahatA hai : " 'sva' ko sva ke rUpa meM/'para' ko para ke rUpa meM jAnanA hI sahI jJAna hai,/aura/'sva' meM ramaNa karanA sahI jJAna kA 'phl'|" (pR. 375) Age vaha apanI prakRti kA paricaya detA huA jhArI se kahatA hai : "kisI raMga-rogana kA mujha para prabhAva nahIM,/sadA-sarvathA eka-sI dazA hai merI isI kA nAma to samatA hai|" (pR. 378)
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________________ lxii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA jaina prasthAna meM tIrthaMkaratva hI sevA kA Adarza hai / kevalajJAna kI prApti terahaveM guNasthAna meM aura siddhilAbha caudahaveM guNasthAna ko pAra karane para hotA hai| sAmAnyata: kevalajJAna pAkara bhI use sabhI prANiyoM meM dene kA kArya nahIM hotA, para yaha tIrthaMkara meM avazya hI hotA hai, jo eka prakAra se sevA bhAva hai / brAhmaNa dharma kA sadguru, buddha dharma kA sambuddha aura jaina prasthAna kA tIrthaMkara bhI sevA yA niSkAma karma kA parama Adarza hai| jaba taka jIva kA granthiviccheda nahIM hotA taba taka zuddhilAbha nahIM hotaa| zuddhilAbha kI pUrNatA tIrthaMkaratva meM hI hai / jisa jIva meM granthiviccheda hote hI vizvavedanA kA anubhava hone lage, phalata: usakI nivRtti meM saMlagna ho jAya, vahI jIva tIrthaMkara ho pAtA hai aura vahI sevA kA ucca Adarza prApta kara sakatA hai| kevalajJAna prApta karane ke bAda siddha ghaTa apane prati samarpita (seTha parivAra) ke uddhAra meM saMlagna ho jAtA hai| isI sevAbhAva aura cAritra meM kRti parisamApta hotI hai| kRti kI parisamApti meM santa kI dhAraNA hai: "bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA/AmUla miTa jAnA hI/mokSa hai / isI kI zuddha-dazA meM/avinazvara sukha hotA hai / " (pR. 486) sAdhaka ke saMkalpa kI yaha niSpannatA hai| sAdhaka ghaTa kI samyak zraddhA kaisI hai-nisargaja athavA adhigamaja ? ananta sambhAvanAoM kA upAdAna to vaha hai, para nimitta kauna hai ? mokSa, isa bandhana se kaise prApta ho-yaha becainI to ghaTa meM sahaja hai, parantu tadartha apekSita mokSamArga kA nirdeza kauna kare ? samyagdarzana kaise aura kahA~ se Ae ? isa kRti meM apanI hI aMzI dharatI ke upadeza se AsthA yA zraddhA kI nAsA ghaTa ko milatI hai, ata: adhigamaja hI kahA jA sakatA hai| ___ brAhmaNa prasthAna meM upAdAnagata sambhAvanaoM ko mUrta hone ke lie pAramezvara anugraha kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| kAraNa, vahA~ atirikta Izvara kI kalpanA hI nahIM hai / saMsAra anAdi hai / usake nirmANa ke lie Izvara kI apekSA nahIM hai| 'mAnasa taraMga' meM isakI samyak upasthApanA kI gaI hai| yahA~ kevala upAdAna hai aura usameM nihita sambhavAnAoM ko mUrta hone meM nimitta kAraNa bhI haiM, jinameM se kucha udAsIna hote haiM aura kucha preraka / unakA pratibandha rAhitya to apekSita hai hI, sAmagraya bhI apekSita hai / Alocya kRti meM apane prasthAna kI aneka dArzanika aura pAribhASika padAvaliyA~ prayukta huI haiM, una saba para vicAra isa saMkSipta bhUmikA meM sambhava nahIM hai / granthakAra kI to pratijJA hI hai ki yahA~ kAvyocita aura rocaka paddhati para saiddhAntika mAnyatAe~ nirUpita kI jAya~, phalata: ve saMvAdoM se bharI par3I haiN| ____ AcAryazrI ne bhAratIya hI nahIM, prAyaH vizva ke sabhI darzanoM meM bahucarcita 'niyati' aura 'puruSArtha' kA dvandva bhI uThAyA hai aura apanI cira paricita nirukti paddhati kA bhI sahArA liyA hai| 'niyati' aura 'puruSArtha' kI vibhinna vyutpattiyA~ sambhava haiN| caturtha khaNDa meM seTha atithi sadguru se prArthanA karatA hai : "kaise baRs maiM aba Age !/kyA pUrA kA pUrA AzAvAdI banU~ ? yA saba kucha niyati para chor3a dU~ ?/chor3a dUM puruSArtha ko ? he parama-puruSa ! batAo kyA karU~ ?/...kartA svatantra hotA haiyaha siddhAnta sadoSa hai kyA ?" (pR.347-348) sadguru uttara dete haiM: " 'ni' yAnI nija meM hI/'yati' yAnI yatana - sthiratA hai
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lxiii apane meM lIna honA hI niyati hai/nizcaya se yahI yati hai, aura/'puruSa' yAnI AtmA - paramAtmA hai 'artha' yAnI prAptavya - prayojana hai/AtmA ko chor3akara saba padArthoM ko vismRta karanA hI/sahI puruSArtha hai|" (pR. 349) yaha AcAryazrI kI prauDhokti hai / rekhAMkita paMktiyA~ unakI dRSTi se niyati aura puruSArtha kA svarUpa spaSTa karatI haiN| ise prakRta prasthAna ke vaicArika Aloka meM savistAra dekhanA caahie| jaina darzana meM niyati aura puruSArtha amRtacandra sUri ne 'puruSArthasiddhayupAya' meM anAdi bandha kA varNana karate hue kahA : . "jIvakRtaM pariNAma nimittamAtraM prapadya punaranye / svayameva pariNamante'tra pudgalAH karmabhAvena // 12 // pariNamamAnasya citazcidAtmakaiH svayamapi svakaiviH / bhavati hi nimittamAtraM paudgalikaM karma tsyaapi"||13|| jIva dvArA kie gae rAga-dveSa-moha Adi pariNAmoM ke nimitta pAkara pudgala paramANu svataH hI karma rUpa se pariNata ho jAte haiN| AtmA apane cidAtmaka bhAvoM se svayaM pariNata hotA hai, pudgala karma to usameM nimitta mAtra hai| jIva aura pudgala eka dUsare ke pariNamana meM paraspara nimitta hote haiN| pUrva karma se rAgadveSa aura rAgadveSa se pudgala karmabandha kI dhArA bIja vRkSa kI santati kI taraha anAdikAla se cala rahI hai| pUrvakarma ke udaya se rAga-dveSa kI vAsanA aura rAga-dveSa kI vAsanA se nUtana karmabandha kA cakra kaise ucchinna ho, yahI mUla roga hai / vastuta: pUrvakarma ke udaya se honevAlA karmaphalabhUta rAga-dveSa-vAsanA Adi kA bhoganA karmabandhaka nahIM hotA, kintu bhogakAla meM jo nUtana rAga-dveSa rUpa adhyavasAna bhAva hote rahe haiM, ve bandhaka hote haiM / aisA hotA hai mithyAdRSTi ko na ki samyagdRSTi ko / samyagdRSTi kA bhoga naI vAsanA paidA nahIM karatA / vaha pUrva karma ko zAnta karatA hai aura nUtana paidA nahIM hone detA / malataba samyagdRSTi kA karmabhoga nirjarA hI nahIM, saMvara kA bhI kAraNa banatA hai| __ AtmA kA svarUpa upayoga hai / AtmA kI caitanya zakti ko 'upayoga' kahate haiM / yaha citizakti bAhyaAbhyantara kAraNoM se yathAsambhava jJAnAkAra paryAya ko aura darzanAkAra paryAya ko dhAraNa karatI hai| jisa samaya caitanya zakti jJeya ko jAnatI hai usa samaya sAkAra hokara 'jJAna' kahalAtI hai tathA jisa samaya mAtra caitanyAkAra rahakara nirAkAra rahatI hai taba 'darzana' kahalAtI hai / darzana aura jJAna, krama se hone vAlI paryAyeM haiN| nirAvaraNa dazA meM caitanya apane zuddha caitanya rUpa meM lIna rahatA hai / isa anirvacanIya svarUpamAtra pratiSThita AtmamAtra dazA ko hI 'nirvANa' kahate haiM / nirvANa arthAt vAsanAoM kA nirvANa / AtmadRSTi hI bandha kA uccheda karatI hai| buddha ko AtmA se cir3ha hai| vaha usa AtmasambandhI nitya dRSTi ko hI sarva anarthamUla mAnate haiM / vAstava meM sarva anarthamUla AtmasvarUpa kA anyathAvabodha hai| dharma, adharma, AkAza aura asaMkhya kAlANu kA sadRza pariNamana hI hotA hai para rUpa, rasa, gandha tathA sparza guNa vAle pudgala paramANuoM kA zuddha pariNamana to hotA hI hai, skandhAtmaka azuddha pariNamana bhI hotA hai / sthUla zarIra aura karmamaya sUkSma zarIra se baddha jIva kA vibhAvAtmaka yA vikArI pariNamana hotA hai, para svarUpa bodha ho jAne para zarIroM ke ucchinna hone se zuddha cinmAtra raha jAtA hai| phira use anyatra ahaMkAra yA mamakAra nahIM hotaa| dharmakIrti kA yaha vaktavya
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________________ lxiv :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ThIka nahIM hai : "Atmani sati parasaMjJA svaparavibhAgAt parigrahadveSau / anayoH saMpratibaddhAH sarve doSAH prajAyante // " pra.vA.- 1 / 121 // AtmA tIna prakAra ke haiM - bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA / zarIrAdi parapadArtha meM Atmabuddhi hai to bahirAtmA, samyagdRSTi kI para-padArtha se Atmabuddhi haTa gaI hai so antarAtmA aura vahI kramaza: paramAtmA ho jAtA hai| jIva aura ajIva kA yoga hI bandha hai aura mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga-ye pA~ca usake kAraNa haiN| asamyagdRSTi mithyAdRSTi hai / avirati- vratAcaraNa kA abhAva, viziSTa rati kA abhAva hai| pramAda asAvadhAnI hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kaSAya haiM / kAya-vacana evaM mana kA karma yAnI kArya hI yoga hai / bandhana-mukti hI mokSa hai, jo ina kAraNoM ke haTAne se sambhava hai / mokSa samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra-tInoM ke hone se hotA hai, cAritra zUnya mAtra samyagjJAna yA mAtra samyagdarzana se nahIM / vaidikadhArA mAtra jJAna se hI mukti mAnatI hai| svarUpapracyava mithyA dRSTi se hotA hai, ataH sarvavidha patana kA mUla kAraNa vahI hai| isalie samyak dRSTi honA Avazyaka hai / yaha ho kaise ? dravyagata zaktiyA~ niyata haiM para unake pariNAma anivArya hokara bhI aniyata haiN| pariNamana nimitta ke sadbhAva para nirbhara karatA hai / jIva dravya aura pudgala dravya kA hI khela yaha jagat hai| donoM paraspara ke pariNamana meM nimitta haiM aura donoM kI apanI zaktiyA~ niyata haiN| inheM koI kama-jyAdA nahIM kara sktaa| vahA~ hamArA puruSArtha kAma nahIM de sakatA / hamArA puruSArtha sambhAvanA ko upalabdhi kA AkAra dene meM hai, koyale ke hIrAparyAya ke vikAsa meM hai| koyale meM yaha sambhAvanA hai / jaba karmabandha aura tadanurUpa nimittavaza pratyeka jIva kA pratisamaya kAryakrama nizcita hai arthAt parakartRtva to hai hI nahIM, svakartRtva bhI nahIM hai, taba puruSArtha kyA artha rakhatA hai ? svAtantrya kahA~ hai puruSArtha kA? niyativAda meM puruSArtha kahA~ hai ? upAdAna meM jaisI yogyatA hogI aura nimitta jaisA milegA, vaisA hogA / isa nIrandhralauhacakra meM svAtantrya kahA~ ? puruSArtha kahA~ ? pApa-puNya kahA~ ? pariNamana niyata hai, para jisa hetu se niyata hai, use hetu banane meM tIna kAraNa haiM-eka to vaha kArya se avyavahita 'pUrvakSaNa meM vidyamAna' ho, dUsare 'apratibaddha' ho, tIsare 'avikala' ho / rAgAdi kaSAya kA, jina kA upAdAna AtmA hai, nimitta pudgala haiM, ataeva rAgAdi kaSAya yA vAsanA paudgalika kahe jAte haiN| adhyAtma ubhayavidha kAraNa se kArya hotA hai, yaha mAnatA hai, para yaha upAdAna kA sudhAra cAhatA hai, usakI dRSTi isI para rahatI hai| ata: vaha pratisamaya apane mUlasvarUpa kI yAda dilAtA rahatA hai ki terA svarUpa to zuddha hai, ye rAgAdi kubhAva paranimitta se utpanna hote haiM, ata: para nimittoM ko chor3a / isI meM ananta puruSArtha hai, na ki niyativAda kI niSkriyatA meM / kArya mAtra ke lie upAdAna aura nimitta-donoM kAraNa haiN| donoM kI samagratA hI dravyagata nijasvabhAva hai / yaha sahI hai ki adhyAtmaniSTha puruSa ke lie bAhya nimitta gauNa haiM / mokSa ke lie donoM Avazyaka haiN| svAmI samantabhadra ne 'svayambhU-stotram' meM kahA hai : "bAhyetaropAdhisamagrateyaM kAryeSu te dravyagataH svabhAvaH / naivA'nyathA mokSavidhizca puMsAM tenA'bhivandyastvamRSirbudhAnAm" // 60 // jIva ke bhAvoM ke nimitta se pudgaloM kA karmarUpa paryAya hotA hai aura pudgaloM ke karmarUpa paryAya se jIva rAgAdi rUpa se pariNamana karatA hai / upAdAnadRSTi se AtmA apane bhAvoM kA kartA hai / pudgala ke jJAnAvaraNAdi rUpa dravyakarmAtmaka pariNamana kA kartA nahIM hai| ahaMkAra yA mamakAra ghAtaka hai / upAdAna AtmA ke guNa-vikAsa meM hamArA svAtantrya hai, para ve guNa yadi AtmA meM na hote to kyA maiM paidA kara letA ? yA anurUpa nimitta na milatA to upAdAna meM bhI sambhAvita guNoM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lxv kA vikAsa ho pAtA ? puruSArtha meM isa prakAra nizcaya naya se svAtantrya hai, para isakA ahaMkAra nahIM honA caahie| sAtha hI upAdAna yogyatA ke hI saba kucha hone se adhyAtma kA akartRtva bhI hai / nizcaya naya vastu kI paranirapekSa svabhUta dazA kA varNana karatA hai jabaki vyavahAra naya parasApekSa avasthAoM kA / nizcaya naya se AtmA akartA hai, vyavahAra naya se krtaa| "yasmAt kriyA: pratiphalanti na bhAvazUnyA:" (kalyANamandirastotram, 38)- bhAvazUnya kriyAe~ saphala nahIM hotiiN| yaha bhAva hai-nizcaya dRSTi / nizcaya naya paranirapekSa AtmasvarUpa ko kahatA hai / usakI dRSTi parama vItarAgatA para rahatI hai / ve hI kriyAe~ mokSa meM sArthaka haiM jo parama vItarAgatA kI sAdhikA aura poSikA haiN| isa prakAra niyati aura puruSa ke svAtantrya se puruSArtha-donoM kA sahabhAva nirUpita kiyA jAtA hai aura usakI granthi sulajhAI jAtI hai| Alocya kRti meM darzanocita cirantana cintana ke to vibhinna pakSa carcita haiM hI, jina para svatantra granthAkAra lekhana sambhava hai, unake sAtha samakAlIna samasyAoM para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| unakI bhI saMkSipta carcA prAsaMgika hogii| aise prasaMga adhikAMzata: caturtha khaNDa meM haiN| udAharaNArtha : (ka) mATI aura dharatI kI mahimA (kha) avAma kA mahattva (ga) nArI mahimA aura unakI vartamAna sthiti (gha) parigrahavRtti aura tajjanya zoSaNa kA tANDava (Ga) AtaMkavAda aura mAnavatA (ca) sTAra vAra kA saMketa (cha) baranAlA prabhRti anya prAsaMgika aura sAmayika saMketa racayitA apane samaya kI samasyAoM se kaise taTastha raha sakatA hai ? usakA dhyAna upalabdhiyoM para to hai, para usase z2yAdA vaha sambhAvanAoM ko kAvya kA viSaya banAtA hai, gagana kI apekSA dharatI kA yazogAna karatA hai, kara kI apekSA pA~va kA mahattva nirUpaNa z2yAdA karatA hai / sambhAvanA kisa taraha saMgharSa karatI huI upalabdhi banatI hai, isako gAthAbaddha karatA hai / usakA nAyaka svarNa kA ghaTa nahIM, mATI kA ghaTa banatA hai| Aja kA yuga mAnA ki baunoM kA hai, Aja hamArA vizvamaMca mahAn vibhUtiyoM ke prakAza se kama, haivAnoM ke andhakAra se z2yAdA ghirA hai| parigrahI aura svArthAndhavRtti samAja meM zoSaNa aura vizvamaMca para AtaMkavAda aura sTAra vAra kI vibhISikAe~ paidA kara rahI hai| nArI aura garIba trasta haiN| svarNa kA varcasva hai| usake pAsa bhautika haivAniyata bharI tAkata hai / vaha insAna para apanA raktima paMjA jamAe hue hai| pANigrahaNa ke bAda prANagrahaNa ho rahA hai / racayitA ina sabhI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna AtmavAdI prasthAna meM dekhatA hai| padArthavAdI vaijJAnika cintana 'bhautikatA' ko hI kAmya banAtA hai jo apanI vinazvaratA aura sImAoM meM aparyApta par3akara durnivAra aura haivAniyata bhare saMgharSa ko Amantrita karatA hai| yadi hameM ina saba samasyAoM para vijaya pAnI hai to cetanAvAda kI zaraNa meM jAnA hI hogaa| vahA~ aisI sampatti hai jo avinazvara hai, para-nirapekSa hai, nitya aura niratizaya hai tathA avinazvara aura sAravAn hai / isIlie grantha samApta karatA huA racayitA santa ke svara meM kahatA hai : "isIlie ina/zabdoM para vizvAsa lAo,/hA~, hA~ !! vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI/avazya milegI/magara mArga meM nahIM, maMjila para!" (pR. 488)
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________________ lxvi:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA isa prakAra kRti kA vaicArika pakSa na kevala AmuSmika apitu aihika pakSa se bhI samRddha hai / prastuta kRti kA bhASApakSIya vivecana bhASA yadi sampreSaNa kA mAdhyama hai to kavi kI kalpanA ke lie aisA vizva meM kucha bhI nahIM hai jo kucha na kucha use sampreSita na karatA ho / ata: vyApaka artha meM bhASA kA svarUpa aparimeya aura aparibhASya hai| 'mUkamATI' kI bhASA aisI na hotI huI bhI aisI hI hai| usameM kyA nahIM bolatA / na bolanA bhI bolatA hai, mauna bhI mukhara hai / prastuta prasaMga meM bhASA kA yaha svarUpa anupayogI hai / isa sandarbha meM bhASA-kavi kI bhASA, kavi karma kI bhASA, kAvya kI bhASA vAgarthamayI hai / gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ne kahA hai : "Akhara aratha kavihiM valu sA~cA / anuhari tAla gatihiM naTa nAcA // " dhvaniprasthAna paramAcArya Anandavardhana ne bhI mahAkavi kI pahacAna batAte hue kahA hai : "so'rthastadvyaktisAmarthyayogI zabdazca kazcana / yalataH pratyabhijJeyau tau zabdArtho mahAkaveH // " dhva.pra.u./8 arthAt mahAkavi kI apanI pahacAna 'kucha aura' hI artha aura usakI abhivyakti ke anurUpa sAmarthya sampanna aura hI zabda ke prayoga meM hai / ye zabdArtha yatnapUrvaka puna: puna: anusandhAna yA bhAvana kI apekSA karate haiN| bhAratIya AcAryoM ne vyavahAropayogI aura zAstrIya yA vyavasthita cintana meM upayogI sAmAnya bhASA' se 'kAvyabhASA' kA vyatireka nirUpita karate hue kahA hai ki sAmAnyabhASA kA prayojana yA to vyavahAra calAnA hotA hai yA jJAna kI paridhi kA vistAra / kAvyabhASA meM ye bAteM gauNa hotI haiM / usakA sampreSya 'kucha aura hI hotA hai, jise prayojanAtIta prayojana kahA gayA hai- kAMTa ke zabdoM meM Purposeless Purpose. ise zabdAntara se a-vyaktigata AsvAda kaha sakate haiM, a-laukika saundarya saMvedana kaha sakate haiM sahRdayagrAhaka kI dRSTi se / sarjaka usI manodazA kA sampreSaNa anurUpa vAgbhaMgimA se karatA hai / bhAratIya paramparA vidheyAtmaka paddhati para use apanI prakRti meM sAmAjika aura ziva mAnatI hai / samAjAnumodita sAmagrI ko sundara DhaMga se sampreSita karane ke lie (samAjAnumodita manodazA meM) sarjaka jisa bhASA ko apanI anurUpatA meM pakar3atA hai, vahI kAvyabhASA hai / Anandavardhana ise 'lalitocitasannivezacAru' kahate haiM aura paNDitarAja 'smucitllitsnniveshcaaru'| abhinava gupta 'lalita' kI vyAkhyA karate hue use 'guNa aura alaMkAra'paraka mAnate haiN| guNaalaMkAramaNDita kAvyabhASA AsvAda ke bhAvana meM samartha hotI hai, isIlie vaha ucita hai / paNDitarAja kA Azaya spaSTa karate hue nAgeza bhaTTa kahate haiM ki yadi sanniveza- zabdasanniveza sampreSya AsvAda ke anurUpa hai to vaha samucita hai aura samucita hai to hI 'lalita' hai| matalaba bhAratIya sAhityika paramparA meM doSa rahita bhASA hI kAvyabhASA banatI hai jaba guNa aura alaMkAra se maNDita ho / kuntaka sAmAnya bhASA ko kAvyabhASA banane ke lie Avazyaka mAnate haiM ki vaha kavi kI pratibhA se prasUta vakratA yA bA~kapana se maNDita ho| yaha bA~kapana vyavahAra aura zAstra kI piTI-piTAI lIka se haTakara prayukta kI gaI kAvyabhASA meM hotA hai / kuntaka sampreSya 'cArutA' yA 'saundarya' ko pratibhA-prasUta mAnatA hai / vaha kahatA "yat kiMcanApi vaicitryaM tatsarvaM pratibhodbhavam / " kAvya meM sampreSya 'cArutA' pratibhA yA kavivyApAra se hI utpanna hai / isI cArutA se maNDita hokara zabdArtha 'kucha
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lxvii aura hI' jAna par3ate haiN| ve kAvyocita zabdArtha yA kAvya kI bhASA mAne jAte haiN| isIlie pratibhA' kA svarUpa nirUpita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki vaha 'apUrvavastunirmANakSamaprajJA' hI hai| prazna yaha hai ki vastu meM pratIta yaha apUrvatA vastu kI nijI vizeSatA hai yA utpAdita ? Anandavardhana aura kuntaka- donoM hI apane-apane DhaMga se isakA uttara dete haiN| Anandavarddhana kA pakSa hai ki kAvya bhI eka prasthAna hai, jIvana ke carama prayojana ke lAbha kA aura yaha lAbha hai 'nijacitsvarUpavizrAnti' yA 'svarUpabodha' / kavi inakI dRSTi se do prakAra ke haiM-pariNata prajJa aura prAthamika yA AbhyAsika / prAthamika yA AbhyAsika kavi kI to nahIM parantu pariNata prajJa kavi kA vyApAra, kavi karma tadanurUpa 'vibhAvAdi saMyojanAtmA' hotA hai| unakI dRSTi meM yahI kavi kA mukhya karma hai| sarjaka kAvya nirmANavelA meM isI AsvAdamaya svarUpabodha kI lokottara bhUmi para pratiSThita hotA hai / isa kAvyAnubhUti ke Aveza meM niSNAta zabdArtha jaba jaivikI prakriyA se vyakta hote haiM to kucha aura yA apUrva jAna par3ate haiN| isa prAtibha Aveza meM nisargajAta phUTa par3ane vAle kAvyapravAha ke antargata alaMkAra ke nimitta atirikta prayAsa nahIM karanA par3atA / vaha apRthagyatlanirvartya' hotA hai| rahA guNa, vaha to usa AsvAda kI nisarga siddha vizeSatA hai / isa prakAra prAtibha Aveza meM svata: samucchvasita kAvyabhASA 'guNAlaMkAramaNDita' hokara hI nikalatI hai / usakA bAda meM sAyAsa maNDana nahIM hotA / usake 'vAcaka aura 'vAcya' bhI kucha aura hote haiM / arastU ise Strange Word kahate haiN| ajanabI yA apUrva kA artha yaha nahIM hai ki ve aparicita yA sarvathA aparicita hote haiM Anandavardhana kahate haiM : "sarve navA ivAbhAnti madhumAsa iva drumAH"-vasanta meM jaise rahate ve hI druma haiM, para naI AbhA se maNDita hokara nae se lagate haiM, isI prakAra isa kAvyabhASA kI bhI sthiti hai / vaha paricita hokara bhI aparicita hai, ata: 'kucha aura' yA 'apUrva' hai| zabda aura artha kA abheda hone se yaha apUrvatA ubhayaniSTha hai| vaha kahate haiM : "vAcyAnAM ca kAvye pratibhAsamAnAnAM yad rUpaM tattu grAhyavizeSAbhedenaiva prtiiyte|" zAstra aura vyavahAra kI bAta chor3ie, kAvya meM jo (vAcaka aura) vAcyArtha pratIta hotA hai vaha pratyakSa pramANa se grAhya jaisA yAnI pratyakSAyamANa lagatA hai, apanI samasta vyaktigata vizeSatAoM ke sAtha / vyavahAra aura zAstra meM mAtra artha grahaNa hotA hai para kAvya meM bimbArtha grahaNa hotA hai, bimba rUpa meM, saMzliSTa rUpa meM artha kA grahaNa hotA hai / ise artha saMzleSa kaha sakate haiN| isI meM kavi kI sarjanAtmaka pratibhA kA prakAza hotA hai / kahA jA sakatA hai ki Anandavardhana cArutA yA apUrvatA kevala bhASA ke vyaMjaka aura vyaMgyamaya zabdArtha meM hI mAnate haiM, para yahA~ to usa apUrvatA kI sattA vAcyArtha meM bhI batAI jA rahI hai, sau kaise ? vyaMjanA svarUpabodhamaya AsvAda kI prakriyA hai / paNDitarAja ke zabdoM meM vaha svarUpa para par3e hue AvaraNa kA bhaMga hai / unhoMne kahA hai : "vyaktizca bhagnAvaraNA cit" - vyakti yA vyaMjanA nirAvaraNa cit kA hI nAmAntara hai jo vijJAnavAdI bauddhoM kI bhA~ti svarUpabhUta Ananda yA AsvAda kA prakAzaka hotA hai / 'prakAza'kAra ne kahA hai : "svAkAra iva"-vijJAna apane hI AkAra kA prakAzaka hotA hai / vastuta: kavi kI pratibhA koI niyama nahIM jAnatI, vaha kisI niyama yA siddhAnta se nahIM ba~dhatI, taba isa niyama se kaise ba~dha jAyagI ki kAvyocita cArutA kA sambandha vyaMjaka zabda yA vyaMgya artha se hI hai| yahI to pratibhA kA svAtantraya hai ki vaha cArutA kA udreka kahIM bhI kara sakatI hai, vAcyArtha ho yA vyNgyaarth| mahimabhaTTa ne bhI pratibhA yA kavi vyApAra kA svarUpa nirUpita karate hue mAnA hai ki vaha kavirUpI ziva kI tIsarI A~kha hai jisase vaha vyavahita-avyavahita, viprakRSTa-aviprakRSTa yAnI dezakAlagata aura dezakAlAtIta samasta vizva ke padArthajAta kA sAkSAtkAra karatI hai / unakA kahanA hai ki padArtha kA svarUpa do prakAra kA hotA hai- sAmAnya aura viziSTa / sAmAnya svarUpa parokSa pramANa se prApta hotA hai aura viziSTa rUpa eka mAtra pratyakSa pramANa se / yahI pratyakSagrAhya viziSTa rUpa hI satkaviyoM kI pratibhAprasUta vANI kA viSaya banatA hai| kAraNa, pratibhA nAma kI jo usakI tIsarI A~kha hai, usase vaha padArthajAta kI asAdhAraNatA, viziSTatA, kucha aura kA grahaNa karatI hai / kroce ne bhI kahA
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________________ lxviii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA hai jJAna kA iNTyUTiva rUpa 'vyakti' yA 'viziSTa' ko aura lAjikala rUpa 'sAmAnya' ko apanA viSaya banAtA hai / pratibhA dvArA dRSTa padArtha kA yaha asAdhAraNa rUpa, apUrva rUpa, sundara rUpa padArtha kA svAbhAvika dharma hai, utpAdita yA Aropita nahIM hai| kuntaka bhI isI tathya ko apane DhaMga se rekhAMkita karate haiN| unakA bhI mAnanA hai ki pratibhA hI kavi vyApAra hai aura vahI vakratA hai| kAvyabhASA kI, sAmAnya bhASA kI apekSA jo vaiziSTya hai, vaha isI pratibhA kI prasUti hai| ina pAramparika bhAratIya AcAryoM ke uparyukta vivecana se jo niSkarSa nikalatA hai vaha yaha ki cArutA yA padArthagata subhaga tattva padArtha ke spandamaya svabhAva meM hai / use sakSama sarjaka pratibhA se kuredakara ubhAra detA hai, vaiyaktika vizeSatAoM se maNDita (artha mAtra nahIM) saMzliSTa artha yA bimbArtha kA upasthApana karatA hai / hA~, yadi pratibhA kI naisargika A~kha sarjaka meM nahIM hai to vaha upasthApya artha meM ramaNIyatA kA AdhAna karatA hai, Upara se DAlatA hai| ye sarjaka prAthamika yA AbhyAsika haiN| vakroktijIvitakAra ne ina donoM prakAra ke kavikarmo ko dRSTigata kara kahA hai : "lInaM vastuni yena sUkSmasubhagaM tattvaM girA kRSyatenirmAtuM prabhavenmanoharamidaM vAcaiva yo vA kaviH / vande dvAvapi tAvubhau / " arthAt pratibhA sampanna kavi vastumAtra meM avyakta rUpa se nihita sUkSma subhagatattva ko apanI vANI se ubhArakara sahRdaya grAhaka ko dRSTigocara karA detA hai, para jisameM yaha A~kha nahIM hai, vaha bhI prayatnapUrvaka varNyavastu ko manohara banA detA hai| donoM hI prakAra ke kavi vandanIya haiN| jo Adhunika Alocaka bhAratIya AcAryoM ke kAvyArtha- saMzliSTa artha yA bimbArtha ke vivecana ko nahIM jAnate aura jo nahIM jAnate ki unake mata se alaMkAra aura guNa apRthagyatnanirvartya' aura 'svabhAvadharma' haiM, ve kucha bhI kahate haiM aura kaha sakate haiM / AcArya rAmacandra zukla se lekara DaoN. rAmasvarUpa caturvedI aura DaoN. jagadIza gupta Adi taka yaha kahate sune jAte haiM ki pAramparika AcAryoM ne bimbArtha kI carcA nahIM kI hai| ina navacintakoM ko pAramparika kAvyazAstra kI gambhIratA aura vyApakatA kA manoyogapUrvaka anuzIlana karanA cAhie / isa bindu para Age aura vicAra kiyA jaaygaa| ___samprati, lage hAtha zailI vaijJAnikoM kA bhI kAvya-bhASA ke sambandha meM kyA abhimata hai, yaha dekha lenA caahie| sAtha hI yaha bhI dekhanA cAhie ki vaha kAvyabhASA ke svarUpa-vizleSaNa ke sandarbha meM kitanA Age bar3hatA hai ? bar3hatA hai yA nahIM bar3hatA hai ? ____ idhara nae bhASAvidoM ne 'AlocanA kI naI bhUmikA' adA karane vAle 'zailIvijJAna' kI carcA kI hai| zailIvijJAna' Stylistics kA rUpAntara hai| 'vijJAna' ke sAtha 'rIti' kA jor3anA jitanA saMgata hai, 'zailI' kA nhiiN| kAraNa, bhAratIya kAvyazAstra kI rIti' kI Antarika prakRti vastuniSTha hai aura 'vijJAna' kI bhii| viparIta isake 'zailI' meM AtmaniSThatA kI pratiSThA hai / bhAratIya AcAryoM ne 'mArga' yA 'rIti' ko svabhAva (daNDI aura kuntaka) se jor3akara 'svabhAva' ko bhI vastuniSTha' kara diyA hai, kama se kama isa sandarbha meM / sTAilisTiksa bhI mAnatA hai ki kAvyabhASA sAmAnya bhASA para hI samAdhRta hai, isIlie paricita hai phira bhI apanI sarjanAtmaka prakRti ke kAraNa 'aparicita' sI lagatI hai / sAmAnya bhASA rUr3ha artha ke bodha dvArA vyavahAra calAtI hai yA vyavasthita yA zAstrIya hokara hamAre bodha kI paridhi kA vistAra karatI hai| kAvyabhASA sarjaka yA racanAkAra ke a-vyaktigata stara para svAnubhUta satya kA AkarSaka DhaMga se sampreSaNa karatI hai| usakA sampreSya saMvedya saundarya yA sundara anubhUti hai / isakA grahaNa pratibhA' sahakRta zabda se hotA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lxix hai / grAhaka yA sarjaka kI pratibhA' kA sahakAra yadi zabda ko na mile to sarjaka sampreSita nahIM ho sakatA / bhAratIya cintana meM pratibhA' kA svarUpa taraha-taraha se paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| kucha loga use citta kA hI nirmala rUpa mAnate haiM aura kucha cit rUpa hI batAte haiN| sAmAnya bhASA ekakendrika hotI hai aura kAvyabhASA bahukendrika / pratibhA ke samparka se zabda raNana hI nahIM anuraNana karane lagatA hai aura anuraNana karatI huI artha kI parateM yA chAyAe~ eka bRhattara saMzliSTa arthacitra nirmita karatI haiM / pratibhA apane svarUpa meM aparimeya hai, ata: zabda dvArA sampreSita hone vAle artha apanI sambhAvanAoM meM pUrNata: gRhIta hI ho jAya~, yaha sambhava nhiiN| 'gahi na jAi asa adbhuta bAnI' sTAilisToM kA vicAra hai ki sAmAnya bhASA se kAvyabhASA 'cayana', 'vicalana', 'sAdRzya' aura 'viralatA' jaise prayogoM se apanA lakSya prApta karatI hai| mukAroskI kahatA hai : "Poetic language is characterized bya constant tension between automatization and forgrounding." arthAt kAvyabhASA kA lakSaNa hI hai yantrabaddhatA aura pezabaMdI ke bIca nirantara tanAva banA rahanA / isa pezabaMdI ke uparyukta cAra srota carcita hue haiN| usane kahA hai ki pezabandI bhASA ke upAdAna tattvoM kA sarjanAtmaka uddezya se paricAlita Avartana hai / ukta srota paraspara vikalpa nahIM apitu pUraka haiN| pratibhA prayoktA yA sarjaka kA sAmarthya hai| yahI sAmarthya bhASA ko vaha sAmarthya pradAna karatA hai jisase vaha apanA lakSya vedha kara pAtA hai| bhASA kA sAmarthya usakI zakti hai / isIlie AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne zabda-zaktiyoM ko AlocanA kA kabhI na cukane aura cUkane vAlA astra kahA hai / isa zabdazakti para jitanA gahana vivecana bhAratIya AcAryoM ne kiyA hai, vaha anyatra durlabha hai| isalie maiM yaha mAnatA hU~ ki paurastya cintaka aparimeya sambhAvanAoM ke sAmAnya pratimAna de gae haiN| nayA prasthAna usakA vizeSIkaraNa aura bodhagamya vivaraNa hai| 'cayana' paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM se kisI eka kA cayana hai| kAraNa, usameM rUr3ha artha se atirikta artha dene kI kSamatA hai| yaha atirikta artha sandarbhagamya sampreSya ko saMvAda kI bhUmi para pahu~cA detA hai| vicalana yA vipathana mAnaka bhASA ke niyamoM kA soddezya atikramaNa hai, atirikta artha prApta karane ke lie / yahI bAta 'samAntaratA' yA 'sAdRzya' aura 'viralatA' ke lie kahI jA sakatI hai / kAvya kI sarjanAtmaka bhASA 'atirikta artha' cAhatI aura detI hai / dhvani siddhAnta isa atirikta artha para hI bala detA hai / dhvanikAra kahatA hai : "pratIyamAnaM punaranyadeva vastvasti vANISu mahAkavInAm / yattatprasiddhAvayavAtiriktaM vibhAti lAvaNyamivAGganAsu // "(1/4) sarjakoM kI bhASA meM yaha atirikta artha pratIyamAna artha hai aura vaha rUr3ha artha se bhinna hai / ThIka usI prakAra jaise sarvasAmAnya kI dRSTi meM AnevAle aMgoM se tadAzrita atirikta lAvaNya / kAvyabhASA kA yaha saiddhAntika pakSa hai / isa nikaSa para prastuta kRti kI bhASA kA vyAkaraNasammata tathA kAvyasammata parIkSaNa bhI karanA cAhie / isa pakSa se bAta karate samaya kucha sImAoM aura vivazatAoM ko dRSTigata na rakhA jAya to kRtikAra ke sAtha samucita nyAya nahIM hogaa| una sImAoM meM se eka yaha hai ki racayitA mUlata: kannaDabhASI hai aura saMskRta ke mAdhyama se hindI kI ora AyA hai / tIsarI bAta yaha ki jisa prakAra kI anubhUti kI indradhanuSI AbhA se bhASA meM kAvyocita bA~kapana phUTatA hai, vItarAgatA ke kAraNa usa para A~ca AI hai / aisA nahIM hai ki usameM usa indradhanuSI AbhA se bhASA ko maNDita karane kI kSamatA nahIM hai, para vaha udhara se virakta hai| kSamatA kA Akalana karanA hI ho to unake prakRti varNana ke prasaMgoM ko liyA jA sakatA hai| laukika jIvana kI anubhUtiyoM ke jvAra-bhATe yahA~ haiM nahIM aura alaukika zAnta kI pAryantika dazA avarNanIya hai / phalata: vivazatApUrvaka upAya pakSaparaka saMgharSa kA citraNa yA varNana mAtrA meM adhika hai / zAstrakAvya hone ke kAraNa saMvAdoM
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________________ lxx :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kI bhASA meM saiddhAntika mAnyatAoM ko ukerane para prAtibha saMrambha z2yAdA hai| ata: ye sImAe~ bhASAgata kAvyocita AbhA ke pUrNa prasphuTana meM Ar3e AtI haiN| katipaya prayoga vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi meM saMskAra cyuta ho sakate haiM, jaisA ki AlocakoM ne lakSita kiyA hai / racayitA kI eka aura pravRtti hai aura vaha hai nirvacana kI / camatkAra paryavasAyI hone para yaha kuvalayAnandakArasammata nirukti alaMkAra bhI bana jAtA hai, para vaisA na hone para vaha mAtra praur3hi pradarzana hai / vizeSakara saMkhyAparaka saMyojana kA camatkAra akAvyocita kutUhala meM paryavasita hotA hai| ye kucha sImAe~ Alocya kRti kI bhASA kI ho sakatI haiM, para usakI kucha upalabdhiyA~ bhI haiM jinheM naz2araandAz2a nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| racayitA kI bhASA sambandhI sImAoM kA ullekha sAmAnyata: Upara kiyA jA cukA hai, ata: usake vistAra meM maiM nahIM jAnA cAhatA / yahA~ bhASA sambandhI unakI upalabdhiyoM kI carcA kI jaaygii| kRti kI bhASA tatsama bahula pariSkRta hindI hai / isameM zAstravizeSa kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI bhI hai aura isakA kAraNa saiddhAntika mAnyatAoM kA upasthApana hai / nizcaya hI isa kAraNa sAmAnya pAThaka - jo isa darzana aura usakI pAribhASika zabdAvalI se aparicita hai - kaThinAI kA anubhava karegA aura kevala kAvyabhASA kA rasika thor3A bickegaa| itanA to spaSTa hai ki prastuta kRti meM kaI prakAra ke sthala haiM - (1) bhAvasikta tathA saundaryabodha maNDita prakRti ke varNanAtmaka sthala (2) bhAvasikta sthala (3) vaicArika mAnyatAoM se garbhita sthala (4) sAmAnya varNanaparaka itivRttavAhI sthala tathA anyavidha / sarvAdhika kAvyocita bhASA prathama prakAra ke varNanAtmaka sthaloM kI hai jisakA ullekha pahale bhI kiyA gayA hai| prakRti varNana ke prasaMga pUrvArdha meM hI haiM- prAta:varNana, zizira, vasanta evaM grISma Rtu varNana, saritA varNana aadi| uttarArdha meM bhI sthiti vizeSa ke varNana upalabdha haiN| ina sthaloM kI bhASA raMgIna hai| inameM racayitA kabhI-kabhI santajanocita lakSmaNa rekhA ko lA~gha bhI jAtA hai / yahA~ kalpanA bhI hai aura zabda-sAmarthya bhI; dhvanyAtmakatA, lAkSaNikatA aura upacAra-vakratA bhI; vicalana, sAdRzya, cayana aura samAntaratA bhI; AlaMkArika rujhAna, bimba aura pratIka bhii| abhiprAya yaha ki bhASA ko kAvyocita banAne ke sabhI saundarya srota / isase racayitA kI kSamatA kA bhI patA calatA hai / abhiprAya yaha ki usameM kAvyabhASA kI guNAtmaka kSamatA hai, mAtrAtmaka prAcurya na ho, yaha bAta bhinna hai| Arambha se hI cleN| kRti kA prArambha prAta:kAla ke ramaNIya varNana aura saritA-varNana tathA dArzanika saMvAda se hai-mA~ dharatI aura beTI saritA taTa kI mUkamATI / isameM kaI khaNDa citra haiM, sabako jor3akara prAta:kAla kA manorama citra ubharatA hai / nizA kA avasAna hai, uSA apanI aruNimA meM pratiSThita hai / nirabhra ananta meM nIlimA vyApta hai aura nIce nIravatA chAI huI hai| isa virATa citra ke bAda kalpanA umar3a par3I hai aura aprastuta bimba-vidhAna kI zrRMkhalA ba~dha gaI hai| prathama aprastuta bimba-vidhAna meM prastuta itanA hI hai ki aruNAbha prabhAkara maNDala prAcI meM udita hai / isa para kalpanA meM jo aprastuta kA bimba banA hai, vaha hai eka aise zizu kA, jo tandrita avasthA meM apane mukhamaNDala para mA~ kA aruNavarNI A~cala DAle hue a~gar3AiyA~ le rahA hai| bhAratIya kAvyazAstra kI dRSTi se yahA~ prastuta se aprastuta kI vyaMjanA ho rahI hai, ata: samAsokti alaMkAra hai / bhAnu kA mAnavIkaraNa to hai hii| isI varNana meM eka dUsarA bimba hai / varNana vahI prAta:kAlIna aruNAbha prAcI dizA kA hai / bimba aprastuta jo kavi kI kalpanA meM ubharatA hai vaha hai eka aisI nAyikA kA jisane apane sira se pallA haTA liyA hai aura khulA huA sImanta siMdUrI dhUla se raMjita hai| usakI yaha raMgIna rAga kI AbhA barabasa sahRdaya kI A~khoM ko apanI ora khIMca letI hai / racayitA ko yaha mudrA bhA gaI hai| yahA~ vItarAga santa ke bhItara kA anAsakta saundaryadarzI racayitA mukhara ho uThA hai| isI prakAra jahA~ eka ora prabhAkara kI kiraNoM se saMspRSTa nimIlanonmukha kumudinI para yaha kalpanA hai mAno kulIna patnI para-puruSa ke hAthoM ke sparza se bacane ke nimitta Atmagopana kara
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lxxi rahI hai aura paMkhuriyoM kI oTa meM apanI sarAga mudrA ko chipA rahI hai, vahIM dUsarI ora adhakhulI kamalinI bhI parapuruSa cA~da kI cA~danI taka kA sparza karanA anucita samajhatI hai, isIlie apanI A~kheM banda kara rahI hai / kavi isa nimIlana meM kAraNa batA rahA hai ki IrSyA jo na karA de, aura vaha bhI strI-paryAya meM to usakI sakriyatA aura bar3ha jAtI hai| isa samagra ukti se jo saundarya ubharatA hai usameM samAsokti aura arthAntaranyAsa kI saMsRSTi kArya kara rahI hai| yahA~ sAmAnya se vizeSa kA samarthana bhI hai / eka agalA bimba leM / candramA asta ho rahA hai, tArikAe~ AsamAna se eka-eka karake haTa rahI haiN| isa para kavi kI kalpanA yaha hai ki jaba tArApati haTa rahA hai to chAyA kI bhA~ti anugamana karane vAlI usakI patniyA~ bhI pIche-pIche isa bhaya se bhAgI calI jA rahI haiM ki kahIM parapuruSa prabhAkara apane phailate hue hAthoM se unheM chU na le / isa ukti ko eka koNa se dekheM to tArikAoM ke sahaja lupta hone meM akAraNa kI kAraNa rUpa se parikalpanA hai, phalata: hetRtprekSA hai to dUsarI ora se usameM eka bimba kI parikalpanA bhI hai / mAnavIkaraNa to hai hI / isa prakAra yahA~ bhI ekAdhika alaMkAroM kI saMsRSTi kahI jA sakatI hai| varNanAtmaka sthaloM ke kAvya saundarya kI carcA pichale pRSThoM meM bhI kI jA cukI hai / ata: una sthaloM ke kAvyocita saundarya srotoM kI bAnagI lene ke bAda samprati 'bhAvAsikta prasaMgoM' ko liyA jAya ora dekhA jAya ki unameM Antarika bhAvadhArA kI abhivyaMjanA kitanI zakta aura kSama ho cukI hai| anubhUti ke gahare ehasAsa meM snAtabhASA kI dIpti dekhanI ho to ghaTa kI antarvyathA kI mA~ ke samakSa kI jAne vAlI abhivyakti ko dekheN| usake varNa-varNa vedanAsikta haiN| isameM 'vairAgya' yA nirveda kI to vyApaka abhivyakti hai hI, jisameM nityAnityatva kA 'viveka' bhI garbhastha hai / isa karmabandha se utpanna duHkharAzi se mukta hone kA autsukya' bhI vyaMjita hai / abhiprAya yaha ki aneka saMcArI bhAva sthAyI nirveda kI kroDa meM unmajjana-nimajjana karate hue bhASA ko dIpti pradAna karate haiN| dvitIya khaNDa meM jahA~ prasaMgAt vibhinna rasoM kI vyaMjanA kA prasaMga AyA hai, vahA~ bhI rasocita padazayyA aura anurUpa vibhAva-anubhAva kA saMyojana bhASA ke samucita saMyojana meM paryApta prabhAvI bana par3A hai / bhayAnaka aura bIbhatsa ke bolate citra dekhe jA sakate haiM : "itanA bar3A guphA-sama/mahAsattA kA mahAbhayAnaka/mukha khulA hai jisakI dAr3ha-jabAr3a meM/siMdUrI A~khoM vAlA bhaya/bAra-bAra ghUra rahA hai bAhara, jisake mukha se adha-nikalI lohita rasanA/laTaka rahI hai aura/jisase Tapaka rahI hai lAra/lAla-lAla lahU kI buuNdeN-sii|" (pR. 136) isI prakAra mUrtimAn bIbhatsa kA citra dekheM : "nAsA bahane lagI prakRti kii|/kuch gAr3hA, kucha patalA kucha harA, pIlA milA-/mala nikalA, dekhate hI ho ghRNA!" (pR. 147) aisI kAvyocita citrabhASA ina prasaMgoM meM vidyamAna hai| kahIM-kahIM sthiti-vizeSa kA citra bhAvavihvala hokara aisA sahaja aura AlaMkArika udbhAvanAoM se uphana par3A hai ki racayitA kI kalpanA-zakti kI dAda denI par3atI hai| prasaMga hai cauthe khaNDa kA / seTha samAgata samAdRta satpAtra guru ke samakSa apanI vyAkalatA bharI jijJAsAe~ rakhatA hai aura unakI ora se samAdhAna milatA jAtA hai. isa taraha : "seTha kI zaMkAyeM uttara pAtIM/phira bhI..." (pR. 349) jisa mudrA meM seTha ghara kI ora jA rahA hai, usakA varNana upamAoM ke 'apRthagyatnanirvartya' avirala pravAha meM par3hate banatA hai|
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________________ lxxii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kRti ke pR. 349 se pR. 352 taka ke aMza paThanIya haiM / eka aMza dekheM: "jala ke abhAva meM lAghava/garjana-gaurava-zUnya / varSA ke bAda mauna/kAntihIna-bAdaloM kI bhA~ti choTA-sA udAsIna mukha le/ghara kI ora jA rahA setth|" (pR. 349) prasaMgoM kI udbhAvanA zakti kAphI urvara hai, yaha kahanA anAvazyaka hai| cauthA sandarbha saMvAdoM se bharI 'vicAra pravaNa bhASA' kA hai / yaha sahI hai ki saiddhAntika mAnyatAe~ saMvAdoM se bharI par3I haiN| unakI yojanA hI isIlie hai tathApi ve pAribhASika zabdAvalI se itanI bojhila nahIM haiM ki eka sAmAnya prabuddha sahRdayaka pAThaka kI pakar3a se bAhara raha jAya~ / saMkalpAnusAra jahA~-tahA~ apane prasthAna ke vicAra-garbha pAribhASika pada aura vAkya taka yahA~-vahA~ A gae haiM, jinheM kAvyazAstrI 'apratItatva' doSa se grasta mAnate haiN| eka bAta hai ki racayitA svayaM jAnatA hai ki vaha jinako kendra meM rakhakara vyutpatti kA AdhAna karane ke nimitta likha rahA hai ve sAmAnya pAThaka bhI ho sakate haiN| ata: jaba vaha aisI koI bAta rakhatA hai taba eka bAra kaha lene ke bAda bhI zabdAntara se use aura spaSTa karatA calatA hai / yaha sahI hai ki kAvya zAstra nahIM hai, para kAvya vicArazUnya hotA hai, aisA bhI nahIM hai| vicAroM kI rezamI Dora jitanI majabUta hogI, bhAva ke paiga utane hI lambe jA sakate haiN| eka udAharaNa leM : "isa para atithi socatA hai ki/upadeza ke yogya yaha na hI sthAna hai, na samaya/tathApi/bhItarI karuNA umar3a par3I sIpa se motI kI bhA~ti/pAtra ke mukha se kucha zabda nikalate haiM : 'bAhara yaha/jo kucha bhI dikha rahA hai/so maiM nahIM hU~ aura vaha/merA bhI nahIM hai'...|" (pR.344-345) yaha eka dArzanika vaktavya hai, so subodha bhI hai aura durbodha bhI / matalaba yaha ki vicAragarbha sthaloM kI bhASA zAstra kI durbodha aura vyAkhyAgamya bhASA nahIM hai / bhASA jaba anubhUti se phUTatI hai aura anuvAda kI nahIM hotI, taba subodha hotI hai| bhASA kA pA~cavA~ sandarbha ghaTanAoM ke dhArAvAhika varNanAtmaka prasaMgoM kA hai| cauthe khaNDa kA uttarArdha isakI prayogasthalI hai / yadyapi vicAra-garbha saMvAdoM kI yojanA se zUnya vaha bhI nahIM hai / ye varNana itivRttAtmaka paddhati para abhidhA kI bhASA meM haiM para kAvyAtmaka banAne kA prayAsa vahA~ bhI rahatA hai, dekheM : "uddaNDatA dUra karane hetu/daNDa-saMhitA hotI hai/mAnA, daNDoM meM antima daNDa/prANadaNDa hotA hai|" (pR. 430-431) aisI AnuprAsika yojanA pAThaka ko khIMcatI hai| ghaTanA varNana kI bhASA kA prasaMga hai, ata: eka udAharaNa : "tatkAla vidita huA viSadharoM ko/viplava kA mUla kAraNa / parivAra nirdoSa pAyA gayA/jo/iSTa ke smaraNa meM lagA huA hai, gajadala saroSa pAyA gayA/jo/ziSTa ke rakSaNa meM lagA huA hai|" (pR. 430) antyAnuprAsa yukta abhidhAmayI sapATa bhASA hai / alaMkAra prayoga, dhvani aura vakratA-garbha bhASA ke tamAma udAharaNa rakhe jA sakate haiM, para bhUmikA kI eka lakSmaNa rekhA hai, usake bAhara bhI nahIM jAnA hai| sAtha hI sampAdita saMkalana meM isa viSaya para vistRta nibandha milege / ata: lekhanI virata ho rahI hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lxxiii bhASA para vicAra karane ke sandarbha meM racayitA kI eka viziSTa pravRtti kA ullekha karanA Avazyaka hai| samIkSakoM kI dRSTi isa tarapha gaI hai aura isa para mahAkAvyocita gambhIratA ke sAtha khilavAr3a kI bAta kahI gaI hai, vizeSakara jahA~ 9 saMkhyA ko lekara guNAbhAga kA pradarzana huA hai| dvitIya khaNDa meM kumbhakAra svanirmita ghaTa para kucha saMketaka rekhAe~, aMka aura citra banAtA hai / unhIM meM yaha ki ghaTa ke karNasthAna para AbharaNa kI bhA~ti pratIta hone vAle 99 tathA 9 ke aMka aMkita haiM / saMkhyAoM kA yaha aMkana tattvodghATaka hai jisakA vivaraNa racayitA ne mUla meM diyA hai| behatara hotA yadi yaha guNAbhAga kAvya ke bhItara se haTAkara pAda-TippaNI meM alaga se rakha diyA gayA hotaa| racanAkAra saMskRta se hindI kI ora AyA hai| paMcazatI'-gata zatakoM meM usane ekAkSarI koza kA camatkAra pradarzita kiyA hai| vahI vRtti sandarbhavaza yahA~ bhI jahA~-tahA~ udgrIva ho gaI hai| yaha pravRtti grantha kI bhASA meM Adyanta prayukta dekhI jA sakatI hai / avasarocita artha prAya: vyutpattipUrvaka nikAle gae haiN| para kahIM-kahIM usakI prauDhokti bhI hai| 'sAre-ga-ma-pa-da-ni' meM 'dha' kI jagaha balAt 'da' rakha diyA gayA hai tAki avasarocita artha saMgati lagAI jA sake / 'kumbhakAra', 'niyati, 'puruSArtha, 'duhitA', 'abalA', 'nArI', 'mahilA', 'kalA' evaM 'gadahA' Adi yadi eka taraha ke udAharaNa haiM to 'dayA-yAda', 'caraNa''cara na' tathA 'na raca, dharaNI-nIradha', 'hIrArA'hI', 'rA"kha" kharA', 'AdamI 'A-damI' ityAdi dUsarI taraha ke haiN| 'za' - 'sa' - 'Sa' kI vyAkhyA eka tIsarI vRtti ke udAharaNa haiN| kuvalayAnandakAra ne eka 'nirukti' nAmaka alaMkAra kI carcA kI hai jo camatkArI nirvacana para samAdhRta hai / yogazakti se nAmoM kI, jo bhinna artha meM pracalita haiM, arthAntara nikAlA jAtA hai / yaha sahI hai ki mahAkAvya kI gambhIravRtti se yaha camatkArI aura kutUhalatarpaka vRtti mela nahIM khAtI, tathApi mahAkaviyoM kI paramparA meM bhI isake darzana hote haiM / yaha yA aise prayAsoM ke pIche nihita uparyukta vRtti ke hI kAraNa ina prayogoM ko adhamakAvya ke antargata kahA gayA hai / Anandavardhana ne to inheM AkAra sAmya se aupacArika rUpa meM hI kAvya mAnA hai| ___ ina saMkalita lekhoM meM do-tIna pustakAkAra nibandha bhI samAviSTa haiN| 'mUkamATI' sahita AcAryazrI ke vipula vAGmaya para tIna darjana se adhika zodhastarIya kArya bhI ho cuke haiN| ina bRhatkAya tathA laghukAya nibandha aura prabandhoM meM 'mUkamATI' se sambaddha aneka binduoM aura pakSoM para eka sImA meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai jinheM pariziSTa meM diyA gayA hai| yadyapi dArzanika aura kAvyapakSIya bahuvidha pakSoM para ukta prayAsoM se prakAza milatA hai tathApi mahAkavi kI racanAoM meM sambhAvanAoM kI parateM ni:zeSa nahIM hotii| Anandavardhana ne mahAkavi kI pahacAna batAte hue kahA hai : "so'rthastadvyaktisAmarthyayogI zabdazca kazcana / yatnataH pratyabhijJeyau tau zabdArtho mahAkaveH // " dhva.pra.u./8 mahAkavi ke zabdArtha yatnapUrvaka puna:-puna: anusandheya hote haiM, unake artha ke ananta AkAza meM prAtibha pakSa kI zakti ke anusAra pAThaka kA pakSI nirAvadhi ur3a sakatA hai / isalie kahanA yaha hai ki jina binduoM para prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai aura jitanA jo kucha zodhakoM ne apane zodhagrantha meM saMkalita kiyA hai, unake atirikta aura bhI aneka pakSa sambhAvanAoM se saMvalita haiM, una para bhI Age kArya honA caahie| udAharaNArtha : 1. 'mUkamATI' kA zabda sAmarthya - abhidhA, lakSaNA, vyaMjanA Adi 2. 'mUkamATI' kI prAtibha vicchitti aura bhaMgimAe~ 3. kAvyazAstrIya vibhinna sampradAya aura 'mUkamATI' kA vastu aura rUpa pakSa 4. 'mUkamATI' aura vartamAna ke jIvanta sandarbha-racanAkAra kA yugabodha 5. 'mUkamATI' meM vyApta racanAkAra kA vyAvahArika aura vyavahArAtIta cetanA-vitAna 6. 'mUkamATI' meM pU~jIvAda, AtaMkavAda tathA anya vighaTaka pravRttiyoM kA saMketa aura unakI niSedhyatA
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________________ lxxiv :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 7. 'mUkamATI' meM lokamaMgala aura AtmamaMgala ke vividha saMketa, sAdhana aura samAdhAna 8. vividha bhAratIya darzanoM ke sandarbha meM 'mUkamATI' meM nirdiSTa darzana kI ApekSika aura tulanAtmaka vizeSatA kA nirUpaNa 9. 'mUkamATI' meM kramAgata bhaMgimAe~ aura navAviSkRta camatkArika bhaMgimAe~ 10. 'mUkamATI' meM pAtroM kI manodazAoM kA manovijJAna ke Aloka meM vivecana 11. zAnta rasa kI pakSa-pratipakSa pUrvaka sthApanA aura 'mUkamATI' meM usakI niSpatti kI prakriyA kA vistRta vivecana 12. hindItara vibhinna bhAratIya bhASAoM meM nibaddha mahAkAvyoM ke sAtha 'mUkamATI' ke tulanAtmaka vaiziSTya kA Akalana 13. pAzcAtya pratiSThita mahAkAvyoM ke sandarbha meM 'mUkamATI' kA vaiziSTya nirdhAraNa isa prakAra abhI bhI aura sambhAvita bindu vicArArtha lie jA sakate haiM aura khoja ke nae-nae dvAra udghATita kie jA sakate haiN| yaha prabandha kAvya apanI saMyojanA meM sarvAMga abhinava prayoga kA sAhasa lekara sahRdayoM kI sabhA meM upasthita huA hai, ata: usa para taraha-taraha kI pratikriyAe~ AI haiM aura AtI rheNgii| prasAda kI kAmAyanI' para isI prakAra nirantara pakSa-pratipakSa banate rahe para Aja vaha eka chAyAvAdI mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM pratiSThita ho hI gaI hai| kAla ke nirmama nikaSa para yaha bhI kasA jAyagA, yadi apanI prANavattA isameM hogI to nissandeha mahAkAvyoM kI paramparA meM ise bhI jagaha milegI yA yaha svayaM apanI jagaha banA legA / nae prayAsa ko jame hue logoM ke bIca apanI sthiti sudRr3ha karane meM samaya lagatA hI hai| isa sandarbha meM kavikulaguru kAlidAsa kI ukti yAda AtI hai : "purANamityeva na sAdhu sarvaM na cApi kAvyaM navamityavadyam / santa: parIkSyAnyatarad bhajante mUDhaH parapratyayaneyabuddhiH // " santa ve hI haiM, sahRdaya samIkSaka ve hI haiM jo ba~dhI-ba~dhAI lIka nahIM pITate aura svayaM vivekapUrvaka parIkSA karake nirNaya lete haiM ki kRti kahA~ taka grAhya yA agrAhya hai / antata: nirNaya aise hI loga deMge, isa vizvAsa ke sAtha yaha lekhanI yahIM virAma letI hai| punazca, prastuta kRti isa rUpa meM susampAdita hokara kabhI bhI na A pAtI, yadi munivarya zrI abhayasAgarajI kI ananya niSThA, aTUTa zrama aura durlabha dhairya kA kAMcana kiMvA pArasa saMsparza na milatA / jisa truTi parihAra, pariSkAra aura samucita sudhAra kI bATa johate varSoM bIta gae aura usa cunautI ko uThAne vAlA koI nahIM dikhA, usa samaya munizrI ne svayaM isa gurutara bhAra ko uThAne kA adamya saMkalpa liyaa| prasiddha zloka hai : "prArabhyate na khalu vighnabhayena nIcaiH, prArabhya vighnavihatA viramanti madhyAH / vighnaH pana:panarapi pratihanyamAnAH, prArabhya uttamajanA na prityjnti||" 'zreyAMsi bahuvighnAni'-zreya: sampAdana meM vighna Ate hI haiN| Urdhvagamana meM adha:karSaka zaktiyA~ sakriya hotI hI haiN| yaha jAnakara nimnakoTi ke loga vighnabhIta hokara zubhakArya kA Arambha hI nahIM karate / madhyama koTi ke sAdhaka Arambha to kara dete haiM parantu vighnoM se pratihata hokara madhya meM hI virata ho jAte haiN| ve sAdhaka uccakoTi ke haiM jo bArabAra vighnavihata hone para bhI Arabdha ko chor3ate nahIM haiM, pratyuta use abhISTa gantavya bindu taka le jAkara hI rukate haiN| munivarya zrI abhayasAgarajI aise hI uttamakoTi ke sAdhakoM meM parigaNita kie jaaeNge| itane anuyAyiyoM aura anudhAviyoM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lxxv ke bIca yahI eka siddhasAdhaka dIptaprabha nakSatra kI bhA~ti sakriya ho uThe jinhone cirapratIkSita cunautI ko grahaNa kara vartanIzodhana tathA samasta pANDulipi kA punarIkSaNa kara Arabdha ko sampannatA pradAna kii| unake bhakti-nirbhara athaka prayAsa aura samarpaNa bhAvanA se avaziSTa kArya sampanna huA / isalie sampAdaka ke nAte maiM unheM namana karatA huuN| tIna khaNDoM vAle isa grantha ke sampAdana kA kAryabhAra pahale vidvadavara DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave, naI dillI ko diyA gayA thA aura unhoMne bar3I AsthA aura niSThA ke sAtha apanA uttaradAyitva nibAhA, para akAla meM kAlakavalita ho jAne ke kAraNa kArya bIca meM hI ruka gyaa| tadanantara Arabdha ke nirvAha kA dAyitva ina paMktiyoM ke lekhaka ko milA / aura zrI sureza sarala, jabalapura ke dvArA sthApita vyavasthA meM sthagita kArya punaH prArambha huA / dubArA santoSaprada vyavasthA meM yaha kArya kiyA gyaa| prAsAda ke nirmANa meM ghaTakoM kI vibhinna starIya tathA vibhinna sthAnIya ghaTanA hotI hai| kucha ghaTaka zikhara para hote haiM, kucha antarAla meM aura kucha nIMva meM par3e rahate haiM jisakI ora logoM kA dhyAna nahIM jA pAtA / isa kArya meM kucha sArasvata upAsakoM kA bhI yogadAna sahAyaka ke rUpa meM hai unameM DaoN. ramezadatta mizra, pUrva prAcArya, zAsakIya kalA evaM vANijya mahAvidyAlaya, sAgara kA ullekha Avazyaka hai| unhoMne apane sAtha DaoN. zakuntalA caurasiyA, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA, zAsakIya kalA evaM vANijya mahAvidyAlaya-sAgara, DaoN. saralA mizrA, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA, zAsakIya snAtakottara kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, sAgara evaM DaoN. rAjamati divAkara, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA, hindI vibhAga, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara ko rakhA thA aura unhone eka sImA meM kucha kiyA bhii| jo kucha aura jitanA kiyA, etadartha una logoM ko sAdhuvAda / anta-anta meM premazaMkara raghuvaMzI, haradA ne bhI apanI sevAe~ dIM, tadartha unako bhI dhanyavAda denA ucita pratIta hotA hai| prAsAda ke prabandhana meM prabandha sampAdaka maNDalagata sarvazrI sureza sarala, pUrva mAnada janasamparka adhikArI, AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara zodha saMsthAna,jabalapura; santoSa siMghaI, adhyakSa,zrI digambara jaina atizaya siddhakSetra kuNDalagiri, kuNDalapura, damoha, madhyapradeza; nareza divAkara (DI. ena.) vidhAyaka,sivanI; subhASa jaina (khamariyA vAle) sumata meDIkala sTorsa, sAgara ne akUta yogadAna kiyA hai| zrI saralajI ne lekhoM kA patrAcAra dvArA saMgrahaNa karAyA / zrI subhASajI kA sahayoga apratima aura zlAghya hai / vo saMghocita Atithya meM apanA uttaradAyitva nirantara jAgarUkatA se karate rahe haiM / ata: inake kAraNa cAhe sAgara ho yA nemAvara yA bilAsapura, sarvatra merI suvyavasthA sampAdita kI gaI, phalata: maiM apanA uttaradAyitva ThIka-ThIka apanI sImAoM meM nibhA sakA / zrI santoSa siMghaI kI bhI pratyakSa-apratyakSa sevAe~ milatI rhiiN| sAtha hI bhAgyodaya tIrtha, sAgara; dayodaya tIrtha, jabalapura ke kAryakartAoM Adi kA bhI yathocita sahayoga milA hai| ata: ina sabhI ko bhI maiM apanA sAdhuvAda denA ucita samajhatA huuN| ___AcAryazrI dvArA sthApita saMgha ke prati niSThAvAna, samarpaNazIla aura tyAgamUrti jina zrAvakoM kA isa punIta saMkalpa ke kAryAnvayana meM smaraNIya sahayoga rahA hai, ve haiM : zrI paMkaja jI prabhAta zAha, suputra zrImatI cintAmaNI jI dharmapatnI sva. savAI lAla jI mumbaI evaM zrI sundaralAla jI mUlacandajI, zrI kamala kumAra pavana kumAra agravAla jI evaM zrI saMjaya kumAra saMjIva kumAra jI meksa, zrI khemacanda jI indaura / sampAdaka aura prabandha sampAdakoM kI ora se inheM hArdika saadhuvaad| isa pANDulipi ke prakAzana meM bhAratIya jJAnapITha ke pUrva prabandha-nyAsI sva. sAhU ramezacandra jI ke sAttvika saMkalpa aura usake kAryAnvayana meM yogadAna denevAle unake Atmaja vartamAna prabandha-nyAsI zrI akhileza jaina ko sampAdaka kI ora se kRtajJatA jJApana ucita hai| isa sandarbha meM eka vAkya smaraNa AtA hai - kRtaghne nAsti nisskRtiH| ___sampAdaka tathA munivarya zrI abhayasAgara jI ke isa punIta kArya nirvahaNa meM jo yogadAna hai - vaha to hai hI, para isakI sAMgopAMgatA meM jJAnapITha ke mukhya prakAzana adhikArI DaoN. gulAbacandra jaina ne jAgarUkatA dikhAI hai, tadartha hArdika
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________________ lxxvi:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sAdhuvAda ke ve bhI satpAtra haiN| isa prakAra prakRta kArya meM pratyakSa-apratyakSa, sAkSAt-paramparayA jisane bhI, jo kucha sAhAyya pradAna kiyA hai ve sabhI sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiN| vizeSakara kampyUTara meM TaMkaNa kA pUrA kArya sampanna karane vAle zrI dilIpa jaina 'guDDA', besTa kampyUTarsa, sAgara kA bahuta-bahuta dhanyavAda, jisake binA saba kiyA, na kiyA hI raha jaataa| antata: AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke caraNoM meM praNati nivedita karatA hU~ jinakI kRpA aura jinake varadahasta kI chAyA yadi na milatI to yaha saba kabhI bhI sambhava na ho pAtA / sAre prAsAda nirmANa meM inhIM kI kRpA sugandha kI taraha adRSTigocara hotI huI bhI vyApta hai| unakI kRpA kA AkhyAna zabdAtIta hai / vaha kevala gur3a kI miThAsa kI bhA~ti anirvacanIya hai| zubha kArya meM vighna Ate hI haiM, para AcAryazrI kA amogha AzIrvacana tathA muni zrI abhayasAgarajI kI saMkalpa dRr3hatA se sAre vighna nizzeSa ho ge| aura vartamAna sthiti isI sabakI vAsantika pariNati hai / ata: unheM puna: -puna: namana karatA huA apanI lekhanI ko virAma pradAna karatA huuN| rAmamUrti tripAThI . TRAIme MPIOROP pRSTha 58 isIkArya hetu--- - ... sulamAte-guNazAne
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA tRtIya khaNDa viSayAnukrama udbhAvanA 'mUkamATI' : zabda se zabdAtIta taka jAne kI yAtrA (vArtAlApa) pAtanikI (sampAdakIya) sAhU akhileza jaina DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave pro. (DaoN.) rAmamUrti tripAThI anukrama 1. 'mUkamATI' : eka santa mahAkAvya 2. 'mUkamATI' kA darzana : samIkSA ke do zabda 3. 'mUkamATI' : eka apUrva mahAkAvya 4. hindI mahAkAvya paramparA meM zreSTha kRti : 'mUkamATI' 5. 'mUkamATI' : santa kAvya kI Adhunika paramparA 6. 'mUkamATI' : eka anupama kRti 7. dArzanika - vaicArikatA kI sahaja abhivyakti : 'mUkamATI' 8. hRdayagrAhI kAvya : 'mUkamATI' 9. 'mUkamATI' : eka adhyayana bhaviSyat cetanA kA mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' 11. mAnavatA kA mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' 12. sAdhaka kI sAdhanA kA prabandhakAvya : 'mUkamATI' 13. 'mUkamATI' : mAnavatA kA amara saMgIta 14. 'mUkamATI'- anuzIlana / 15. 'mUkamATI' : sarasa zailI meM likhita dArzanika mahAkAvya 16. dArzanika vicAra bIjoM kA pallavana : 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya 17. 'mUkamATI' : dharma, darzana aura adhyAtma kA sAra 18. 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya : eka kAlajayI racanA 19. 'mUkamATI' : AcaraNa kI zucitA kA mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' : Adhunika kAvya jagat kI anupama upalabdhi DaoN. ziva prasAda koSTA DaoN. rAmajI siMha DaoN. zrIdhara vAsudeva sohonI akSaya kumAra jaina DaoN.premazaMkara puSkara lAla keDiyA pro. (DaoN.) dilIpa siMha DaoN. kailAza candra bhATiyA DaoN. jagamohana mizra pro. (DaoN.) mahAvIra sarana jaina pro. (DaoN.) Ananda prakAza dIkSita DaoN. sudhAkara gokAkakara pro. (DaoN.) satyaraMjana bandopAdhyAya (bainarjI) pro. (DaoN.) ratanacandra jaina DaoN. ramAnAtha tripAThI DaoN. vizvanAtha bhaTTAcArya DaoN. hari nArAyaNa dIkSita padmazrI rAmanArAyaNa upAdhyAya DaoN. sarajU prasAda mizra DaoN. vimaleza kumAra zrIvAstava
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________________ lxxviii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 21. naI zailI aura nae bhAvabodha kA mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' ___ 'mUkamATI' : eka santakavi kI anUThI kAvya yAtrA 23. 'mUkamATI' : eka pratIkAtmaka dArzanika kAvya 24. 'mUkamATI' : maMgala-yAtrA kA kAvya 'mUkamATI' ke praNetA 'mUkamATI' : mAnava cetanA ke vikAsa kI gAthA 27. 'mUkamATI' : bhoga se yoga kI ora prasthAna kA eka anupama mahAkAvya svacchanda yathArtha ke sAtha bauddhika lAkSaNikatA kA samanvaya : 'mUkamATI' 29. 'mUkamATI' : saMvedanA kI sAdhanA 30. Adhunika hindI kAvya sAhitya kI adbhuta kRti : 'mUkamATI' 31. dharma aura loka jIvana ke samanvaya kA adbhuta mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' / 32. zAzvata satya kI kAvyAtmaka abhivyakti : 'mUkamATI' mATI aura jIvana yathArtha se jur3I kavitAoM kA mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' 34. adhyAtma-vidyA kA sAgara : 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya 35. bhAratIya saMskRti evaM sAhitya kA vizvakoza : 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya 36. santa kAvya-paramparA kI advitIya prastuti : 'mUkamATI' 37. 'mUkamATI' kI eka jhalaka ___ 'mUkamATI' : dArzanika vicAra evaM tIvra anubhUtiyoM kI sahaja abhivyakti 39. 'mUkamATI' : mithaka ke kAvya meM rUpAntaraNa kI prakriyA __ 'mUkamATI' : hindI ke Adhunika mahAkAvyoM ko nayA mor3a aura pratIkArtha dene vAlA mahAkAvya 41. 'mUkamATI' : eka advitIya racanA 42. zabdoM ke jAdUgara AcArya vidyAsAgara aura unakI 'mUkamATI' 43. 'mUkamATI' : pichale dazaka kI eka sarvAdhika sazakta kRti 44. 'mUkamATI' : yuga kI mahAn upalabdhi 45. sArasvata sAdhanA kA svarNakalaza : 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya 46. -'mUkamATI' aura zabdavinodI AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara 47. 'mUkamATI' : apanI hI zailI kA eka nayA mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' kA zailIya vaiziSTya 49. 'mUkamATI' kI mAnavIya saMvedanA 50. 'mUkamATI' kI saMvedanA 51. hindI vAGmaya kI eka amUlya nidhi : 'mUkamATI' 52. hindI kA prathama saphala dArzanika mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' 53. 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM abhinava arthabodhaka zabda-prayoga mRNmaya se cinmaya taka kI vikAsa-yAtrA : 'mUkamATI' 55. 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya : jIvana kA udbodhana 56. 'mUkamATI' : bhAvoM ke bindu, rekhAe~ aura tala devarSi kalAnAtha zAstrI pro. (DaoN.) devavrata jozI pro. (DaoN.) sudarzana lAla jaina DaoN. (ku.) girijA rAnI mizrA pro. (DaoN.) Ara. DI. mizra DaoN. zarezacandra culakImaTha pro. (DaoN.) phUlacanda jaina 'premI' DaoN. kedAra nAtha pANDeya DaoN. tAlakezvara siMha darzana lAr3a DaoN. zambhU nAtha pANDeya DaoN. eca. ena. mizra DaoN. hausilA prasAda mizra DaoN. vimala kumAra jaina DaoN. umeza prasAda siMha 'zAstrI' DaoN. nAgezvara siMha DaoN. ramApati rAya zarmA DaoN. Ara. sI. zukla DaoN. zazi mudIrAja DaoN.narendra bhAnAvata DaoN. (misa) pI. sI. sAlve DaoN. pavana kumAra jaina . DaoN. mithileza kumArI mizra DaoN. yogezvarI zAstrI pro. akSaya kumAra jaina DaoN. mahAvIra prasAda upAdhyAya DaoN. veda prakAza dvivedI DaoN. bhagavAna dIna mizra DaoN. rAmanArAyaNa siMha 'madhura' DaoN. mRtyuMjaya upAdhyAya esa. ena. ThAkura DaoN. durgA zaMkara mizra DaoN. tilaka siMha pro. (DaoN.) vizvAsa pATIla DaoN. (zrImatI) mahAzvetA caturvedI pro. lakSmI candra jaina 311 312 319 327 333 336
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lxxix 372 388 390 417 57. 'mUkamATI' : vikAsa yAtrA kI nirantaratA - pada, patha aura pAtheya 58. 'mUkamATI' meM alaMkAra 59. 'mUkamATI' : eka utkRSTa kAvyakRti 60. 'mUkamATI' : adhunAtama AdhyAtmika rUpaka mahAkAvya 61. A Mythopoetic Epic of Jainism 62. 'mUkamATI' meM pratipAdita jaina tattvadarzana : eka paricaya 63. 'mUkamATI' : jIvana kA anucintana 64. santa sAhitya kI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA aura 'mUkamATI' 65. 'mUkamATI' : eka jIvanta mahAkAvya 66. 'mUkamATI' : granthibhaMjaka sarjanA 67. 'mUkamATI' : mATI para hindI meM likhA pahalA mahAkAvya 68. kAlajayI kRti : 'mUkamATI' 'mUkamATI' : Adhunika pariveza kI jIvanta abhivyakti 70. Aja ke andhakAra yuga meM prakAza stambha : 'mUkamATI' 71. 'mUkamATI' : sAmAjika cetanA kA mahAkAvya 72. nArI zabda ke paryAyoM kI sArthaka abhivyaMjanA : 'mUkamATI' 73. 'mUkamATI' meM mukhara cintana 74. 'mUkamATI' : santa kI antarAtmA kA prasphuTana 75. bhAratIya manISA kI tattva-sRSTi : 'mUkamATI' 76. santa kAvya paramparA ko naI sandhyA bhASA meM bar3hAne vAlI : 'mUkamATI' 77. 'mUkamATI' kI sAmAjika cetanA 78. 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM prayukta pramukha sUktiyoM kA mUlyAMkana 79. a-mUka 'mUkamATI' 80. 'mUkamATI' : AdhyAtmika mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' : AdhyAtmika jIvana kI dena 82. AdhyAtmika utkarSa kA rasakalaza : 'mUkamATI' 83. 'mUkamATI' : eka vivecana 84. 'mUkamATI' kI sUktiyA~ : AtmakalyANa kI saMjIvanI bUTI 85. gahana darzana kA sarala kAvya : 'mUkamATI' 86. 'mUkamATI' : eka kamanIya kalpanA 87. 'mUkamATI' meM nihita 'mATI' kA svarUpa 88. adhyAtma rama kA zabdazAstra : 'mUkamATI' 89. AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara aura unakA mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' 'mUkamATI' : eka vItarAga santa sAhityakAra kI kAvyayAtrA 'mUkamATI' : mahilA zakti ke prati mahAn Adara kI abhivyakti 92. 'mUkamATI' kA vidyAsAgarIya saMvAda 93. yuga kI pratinidhi racanA : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. santoSa kumAra tivArI 342 paNDita viSNukAnta zukla DaoN. rAmezvara prasAda dvivedI DaoN. puSpalatA jaina Dr. Om Parkash Biyani DaoN. madhu dhavana 361 rajjana trivedI DaoN. kRSNalAla zarmA 'sUdana' 376 mizrIlAla jaina 383 DaoN. (zrImatI) kRSNA agnihotrI 386 DaoN. zivasiMha pataMga DaoN. kusuma paToriyA DaoN. ke. Ara. magarade 403 Aloka varmA 411 DaoN. brajabihArI nigama DaoN. (zrImatI) nIlama jaina 421 DaoN. hanumanta nAyaDU 424 AcArya gaNeza zukla 426 DaoN. cakradhara nalina 427 DaoN. vidyA vindu siMha 428 DaoN. (zrImatI) suzIlA sAlagiyA 429 DaoN. satIrAma siMha 'sarasa' 434 lAlacandra harizcandra jaina 445 DaoN. parazurAma 'virahI' 448 paM. bhaMvara lAla jaina DaoN. Aditya pracaNDiyA 'dIti' 451 DaoN. pI. ke. bAlasubrahmaNyana DaoN. hemalatA sAvakAra 457 DaoN. (zrImatI) sandhyA bharADe 462 maganalAla 'kamala' 465 DaoN. vinoda kumAra jaina evaM DaoN. arpaNA jaina 467 DaoN. (zrImatI) alakA pracaNDiyA 'dIti' 470 DaoN. lakSmI nArAyaNa gupta 472 ke. ela. seThI sampAdaka-sanmArga (hindI dainika) 476 rAma prakAza 477 rAjeza pAThaka 479 449 454 474
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________________ lxxx :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 94. mUkamATI kI mUka vyathA kI sArthaka prastuti : 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya modI tArAcanda jaina 481 pariziSTa : prathama 95. AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara : vyaktitva, jIvana-darzana aura racanA saMsAra pro. (DaoN.) rAmamUrti tripAThI 485 pariziSTa : dvitIya 96. AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara : vyaktitva, sRjana evaM zodha-saMdarbha 525 pariziSTa : tRtIya 97. lekhakoM ke pate 552
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : eka santa mahAkAvya DaoN. ziva prasAda koSTA 'kAvya prakAza' ke racayitA AcArya mammaTa ne kAvya prayojanoM ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai : "kAvyaM yazase'rthakRte vyavahAravide zivatarakSataye / sadya:parinirvRtaye kaantaasmmittyopdeshyuje|" kAvya kI racanA yazaHprApti, dhanalAbha, vyavahAra jJAna, mAnava ke lie aziva, amAMgalika, hitaviruddha kArya-kAraNoM hetuoM ke kSaya, tatkAla duHkhamokSa arthAt sukha-zAnti kI anubhUti aura kAntA ke samAna priya upadeza pradAna ke lie hotI hai / mammaTa ke ina kAvya prayojanoM kI kasauTI digambara jainAcArya vidyAsAgarajI dvArA racita 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya para lagAkara dekheM to spaSTata: 'mUkamATI' ke niSkAma, ni:saMga mahAkavi ne yazalAbha, dhanalAbha, vyavahAra jJAna evaM kAntA ke samAna priya upadeza pradAna karane ke lie isa mahAkAvya kA praNayana nahIM kiyA / isakI racanA meM unake do prayojana spaSTa dikhAI dete haiM-zivetara yAnI aziva athavA akalyANakara kA kSaya tathA sadya: du:kha-mukti / tathApi isase kavi ko ananya yaza:lAbha bhI huA hai / adhyAtma ke sAtha-sAtha vyavahAra jJAna isa kRti meM paga-paga para bikharA par3A hai| 'mUkamATI' kA pratyeka subuddha pAThaka svayaM isakI sAkSI de sakatA hai| kAntA ke samAna priya upadeza na hone para bhI adhyAtma ke prakharavettA kI antazcetanA se prasUta hone tathA avilamba, avirAma sukha zAntiprada-santapAka hone se vaha amRta ke samAna madhura aura priya hai, isameM sandeha nhiiN| kAvyalakSaNoM kI dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' kI samIkSA meM jAnA isa lekhaka kA prayojana nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha sAhitya-zAstra kA marmajJa nahIM hai / santa ke jIvana kI pratyeka kriyA, pratyeka zvAsa, pratyeka vicAra aura pratyeka zabda saba jIvoM ke zivetara kSaya, saba duHkha-mukti ke lie hotA hai| isa dRSTi se hI yaha lekhaka 'mUkamATI' para kucha likhane meM pravRtta huA hai| "apAre kAvyasaMsAre kavirekaH prajApatiH" tathA "kavirmanISI paribhUH svayambhUH"- ye do uddharaNa bhAratIya vAGamaya meM kavi ke vyaktitva aura usake sthAna va sammAna kI sundara vyAkhyA karate haiN| ina uddharaNoM ke prakAza meM digambara jainAcArya pUjya vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ke vyaktitva aura kartRtva para vicAra karate haiM to ye zata-pratizata satya aura saTIka siddha hotA hai tathA unakA 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya isakA jIvanta aura jAjvalyamAna pramANa hai| bhAratIya paramparA meM "vaktuH prAmANyAt vacanaprAmANyam" ke anusAra vaktA ko prAmANya athavA prAmANikatA hI usake vacanoM kI prAmANikatA kI kasauTI hai| "paropadeze pANDityama" ko isa bhUmi meM sammAna prApta nahIM huaa| yaha bhUmi RtasAdhanoM kI hai aura 'Rta' kA darzana hI isa saMskRti kA prANa tathA Atmasarvasva hai / 'kAnta' aura yaha jo 'Rta' hai vaha yahA~ satya, dharma, paramasat, paramadharma, parabrahma, paramayajJa tathA isa brahmANDa meM jo bhI kucha zreSThatama, prApyatama va ArAdhyatama hai, usa sabakA pratIka hai / Rta-darzana kI isa pRSThabhUmi meM AcAryazrI kI 'mUkamATI' nAmaka yaha kAvyakRti 'Rta' ke hI vividha pakSoM kI akRtrima abhivyakti hai aura ve svayaM isake vaktA / AcAryazrI ke Abhyantara va bAhya aura bAhya va Abhyantara jIvana kI zuddhatA, pavitratA, tanmayatA, kAya-vAk -manokarma kI ekatA va abhinnatA ke kAraNa ve RtavAk haiM aura RtadraSTA bhI; RtagAmI haiM aura Rtadarzaka bhI; RtajJa bhI haiM aura Rtada bhI; RtasAdhaka bhI haiM aura svayaM Rtamaya bhI / satya unakI vANI hai aura satya hai unakA darzana / satya hI unakA mArga hai aura vahI hai unakA gantavya / aise AcAryazrI dvArA racita 'mUkamATI' jIvana ke aura jagat ke nAnA satyoM kA aisA hI Rtaparaka nidarzana hai / ata: maiMne nizcaya kiyA hai ki apanI ora se kucha na kahakara kyoM na maiM unhIM ke zabdoM meM 'mUkamATI' para kucha kahU~, kyoMki jo satya, sarala (Rju) aura svAbhAvika hai use cAhe jitanI bAra kyoM na doharAyA jAya, usase usakI rasavattA kama nahIM hotI apitu usa satya ke svayaMvedana ke sAtha-sAtha nirantara aura adhika bar3hatI jAtI hai| sRjana ke patha para 'mUkamATI' kI yAtrA pathika ke rUpa meM hI Arambha hotI hai / gantavya kI prApyatA, Atmazakti
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________________ 2 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA meM aDiga vizvAsa aura tana-mana kI ekAgratA usakI pahalI zarta hai aura vahI hai usakA pahalA kadama / ata: ve kahate haiM : "patha para calatA hai/satpatha-pathika vaha mur3akara nahIM dekhatA/tana se bhI, mana se bhii|" (pR. 3) para pathika satya se asatya ko alaga karake pahacAna na sake to satya kA sandhAna kaise sambhava hai ? isIlie kahA : "asatya kI sahI pahacAna hI/satya kA avadhAna hai, beTA!" (pR.9) phira kahate haiM : "AsthA ke viSaya ko/AtmasAt karanA ho/use anubhUta karanA ho to sAdhanA/ke sA~ce meM/svayaM ko DhAlanA hogA saharSa ! parvata kI talahaTI se bhI/hama dekhate haiM ki/uttuMga zikhara kA darzana hotA hai,/parantu/caraNoM kA prayoga kiye binA zikhara kA sparzana/sambhava nahIM!" (pR. 10) aura sAtha hI yaha bhI ki : "AsthA ke binA rAstA nhiiN|" (pR. 10) kyoMki satpatha ke ni:saMga, nirmohI pathika kA vahI to ekamAtra 'pAtheya' hai| 'AsthA' nAmaka isa 'pAtheya' ke binA kyA kabhI kucha bhI mahAn ghaTita huA hai, yA ho sakatA hai isa dharatI para ? ___ sarala hone para bhI satya ke patha kA pIr3A rahita honA sambhava nahIM aura usa pIr3A kA a-zeSa ho jAnA hI usakA ni:zeSa (nirodha) ho jAnA hai| ata: kahate haiM : "pIr3A kI ati hI/pIr3A kI iti hai" (pR. 33) / "darda kA hada se guz2ara jAnA hai, davA ho jAnA"- zAyara kI isa paMkti kI yaha kahAnI caritArtha hai / isI sandarbha meM pazcimI sabhyatA aura bhAratIya saMskRti kI saMkSipta, sAragarbhita tulanA kavi kI vANI meM parakhie : "pazcimI sabhyatA/AkramaNa kI niSedhikA nahIM hai/apitu AkramaNa-zIlA garIyasI hai/...aura/mahAmanA jisa ora abhiniSkramaNa kara gaye/saba kucha taja kara, vana gaye/...usI ora unhIM kI anakrama-nirdezikA bhAratIya saMskati hai sukha-zAnti kI pravezikA hai|" (pR. 102) ve batAnA cAhate haiM: "vetana vAle vatana kI ora/kama dhyAna de pAte haiM, aura/cetana vAle tana kI ora/kaba dhyAna de pAte haiM ? isIliye to"/rAjA kA maraNa vaha/raNa meM huA karatA hai prajA kA rakSaNa karate hue/aura/mahArAja kA maraNa vaha vana meM huA karatA hai/dhvajA kA rakSaNa karate hue, jisa dhvajA kI chA~va meM/sArI dharatI jIvita hai|" (pR. 123)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 3 koI-koI nAsamajha, digbhrAnta, niyativAdI, mUDhajana aisA kahate haiM ki karma-siddhAnta ke anusAra dayA karanA mUDhatA hai, kyoMki saba jIva apane-apane karmoM ke anusAra sukha-du:kha bhogate haiM, ata: hameM unake karma-phala bhoga meM kisI prakAra kI roka-Toka nahIM karanI caahie| unake lie kahate haiM ki dUsaroM para dayA karanA, svayaM apane para dayA karanA hai : 0 "dhammo dayA-visuddho" tathA "dhamma saraNaM gacchAmi" (pR. 70) "para para dayA karanA/bahirdRSTi-sA moha-mUr3hatA sA. sva-paricaya se vaMcita sA"/adhyAtma se dUra"/prAya: lagatA hai... ...para kI dayA karane se/sva kI yAda AtI hai/aura sva kI yAda hI/sva-dayA hai|" (pR. 37-38) isa deza kI AtmAvalambana, AtmavizvAsa tathA AtmanirmANa kI Azrama saMskRti kA paricaya dete hue AcAryazrI kahate haiM : 0 "yaha/upAzrama kA parisara hai/...yahA~ para/jIvana kA nirvAha nahIM 'nirmANa' hotA hai/itihAsa sAkSI hai isa bAta kA |/adhomukhii jIvana ...sahArA denevAlA banatA hai|" (pR. 42) 0 "RSi - santoM kA/sadupadeza-sadAdeza/hameM yahI milA ki pApI se nahIM,/pApa se/paMkaja se nahIM/paMka se/ghRNA kro|/ayi Arya ! nara se/nArAyaNa bano/samayocita kara kArya / " (pR. 50-51) Aja ke bhArata meM 'dharma' aura naitika jIvana kI durdazA evaM svArthaparatA para kavi apanI marmAntaka pIr3A ina zabdoM meM abhivyakta karatA hai| anya dharmoM ke prati sahiSNutA aura samAdara kI to bAta hI kyA ? Aja kA duHkhada aura kaTu satya to yaha hai ki sahadharma, sajAti meM hI baira - vaimanasya bhAva paraspara dekhe jAte haiM / yathA-zvAna, zvAna ko dekhakara hI, nAkhUnoM se dharatI ko khodatA huA gurrAtA hai burI taraha / " "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam"/isa vyaktitva kA darzana/svAda-mahasUsa ina A~khoM ko/sulabha nahIM rahA aba !/yadi vaha sulabha bhI hai to bhArata meM nahIM/mahA-bhArata meM dekho! bhArata meM darzana svAratha kA hotA hai|" (pR.82) ""vasudhaiva kuTumbam"/isa kA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai/'vasu yAnI dhana dravya 'dhA' yAnI dhAraNa karanA/Aja/dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kaa|" (pR. 82) dharma aura samAja meM tathAkathita netAoM ke jhUTha, kapaTa aura ADambara para marmavedhaka tIvra prahAra karate hue kavi kahatA hai: "usa pAvana patha para/dUba uga AI hai khaba!/varSA ke kAraNa nahIM, caritra se dUra raha kara/kevala kathanI meM karuNA rasa ghola dharmAmRta-varSA karane vAloM kI/bhIr3a ke kAraNa !/Aja patha dikhAne vAloM ko patha dikha nahIM rahA hai, mA~!/kAraNa vidita hI hai-/jise patha dikhAyA jA rahA hai vaha svayaM patha para calanA cAhatA nahIM,/auroM ko calAnA cAhatA hai
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________________ 4 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA aura / ina cAlAka, cAlakoM kI saMkhyA anagina hai / " (pR. 152) isI meM cAra akSaroM kI kavitA meM kahate haiM : 66 'maiM do- galA'/... maiM dvibhASI hU~ / bhItara se kucha bolatA hU~ bAhara se kucha aura / paya meM viSa gholatA hU~ / " (pR. 175) aura ve sAvadhAna karate haiM ki are bandhu socakara to dekha : "bhoga par3e haiM yahIM / bhogI calA gayA,/ yoga par3e haiM yahIM / yogI calA gayA kauna kisa ke lie / dhana jIvana ke lie / yA jIvana dhana ke lie ? mUlya kisakA / tana kA yA vetana kA, / jar3a kA yA cetana kA ?" (pR. 180 ) kavi trikAladarzI hotA hai aura usakI vANI samaya kI paratoM ko bhedakara gU~jatI hai| DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva bhagavAn buddha ne kahA thA : " nahi bairena bairANi sammantIdha kadAcana / abairena ca sambantI esadhammo sanantano / " Aja AcAryazrI ke mukha se mUkamATI usI bhAva kA sAkSAtkAra karate hue kahatI hai ki baira, badale kA bhAva para kA ghAta kare yA na kare, AtmA kA ghAta avazya karatA hai / " badale kA bhAva vaha dala-dala hai / ki jisameM / bar3e-bar3e baila hI kyA bala-zAlI gaja-dala taka/ burI taraha pha~sa jAte haiM/aura/gala- kapola taka pUrI taraha dha~sa jAte haiM / / badale kA bhAva vaha anala hai jo / jalAtA hai tana ko bhI, cetana ko bhI / bhava bhava taka !" (pR. 97-98) ajJajana satya tattva kI parakha - pahacAna kie binA mantra yA zAstra ko hI acchA-burA kahane lagate haiN| kavi unheM sambodhita karate haiM jo usakA acchA-burA artha yA upabhoga karatA hai : "mantra na hI acchA hotA hai / nA hI burA acchA, burA to/ apanA mana hotA hai / " (pR. 108 ) 'mUkamATI' sambodhana hai mA~ dharatI kA / apanI santAnoM se kahatI hai mA~ : " suta ko prasUta kara / vizva ke sammukha prastuta karane mAtra se / mA~ kA satItva vaha vizruta - sArthaka nahIM hotA / pratyuta / suta - santAna kI suSupta zakti ko saceta aura / zata-pratizata sazakta - / sAkAra karanA hotA hai, sat - saMskAroM se / santoM se hI zruti sunI hai / santAna kI avanati meM / nigraha kA hAtha uThatA hai mA~ kA aura/ santAna kI unnati meM / anugraha kA mAtha uThatA hai mA~ kA / " (pR. 148 ) jayazaMkara prasAda kI amarakRti 'kAmAyanI' meM mahApralaya ke jalaplAvana ke uparAnta manu aura zraddhA ke kAlajayI saMvAda ko mAnoM pratidhvanita-sA karate hue mUkamATI kI yaha anugU~ja karNakuharoM se hRdaya sarovara meM praveza kara use Alor3ita-bilor3ita, mathita, vikSubdha-sA karatI pratIta hotI hai / puruSa jAti ko mada, ahaMkAra aura garva kI pragAr3ha moha-nidrA se jhakajhora kara uThAtI, sambodhita karatI hai mUkamATI ki mere puruSa bandhu, mIta, tanika hoza meM A aura suna !
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 5 "atIta ke asIma kAla-pravAha meM/strI-samAja dvArA pRthvI para pralaya huA ho/sunA bhI nahIM, dekhA bhI nhiiN| ...apane hoM yA parAye,/bhUkhe-pyAse baccoM ko dekha mA~ ke hRdaya meM dUdha ruka nahIM sktaa|" (pR. 200-201) aura phira puruSa va strI donoM ko hI mAno eka sAtha sambodhana karate hue kahatI hai mATI : 0 "kyA sadaya-hRdaya bhI Aja/pralaya kA pyAsA bana gayA ? kyA tana-saMrakSaNa hetu/dharma hI becA jA rahA hai ? kyA dhana-saMvardhana hetu/zarma hI becI jA rahI hai ?" (pR. 201) "strI-jAti kI kaI vizeSatAe~ haiM/jo Adarza rUpa haiM puruSa ke sammukha / ...prAyaH puruSoM se bAdhya ho kara hI/kupatha para calanA par3atA hai striyoM ko parantu/kupatha-supatha kI parakha karane meM/pratiSThA pAI hai strI-samAja ne| inakI A~kheM haiM karuNA kI kArikA/zatrutA chU nahIM sakatI inheN|" (pR. 201) - "mahI yAnI dharatI/dhRti-dhAraNI jananI ke prati/apUrva AsthA jagAtI hai / aura puruSa ko rAstA batAtI hai/sahI-sahI gantavya kA 'mahilA' kahalAtI vaha !" (pR. 201-202) ina tathA Age ke kaI pRSThoM meM AcArya vidyAsAgara ne 'mUkamATI' ke mukha se samAja meM nArI kI sthiti, usakA sahaja svabhAva aura sarala, sadaya pravRtti, puruSa ke samakSa usakI bAdhyatA tathA nArI ke strI, nArI, mahilA, abalA, kumArI, sutA, duhitA, mAtR evaM aMganA-ina vibhinna nAma rUpoM kI sArthaka vyutpattiyA~ aura vyAkhyAe~ kAvyabhASA meM dI haiM, jinase kavi ke hRdaya meM nArI viSayaka mahat zraddhA, sammAna aura Adara bhAva abhivyakta hotA hai / sampUrNa 'mUkamATI' aura usake sabhI pakSoM para eka vyakti eka choTe-bar3e lekha meM vicAra kara sake va nyAya kara sake, aisA sambhava nahIM hai| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya hai aura mahAkAvya ke sabhI zAstrIya lakSaNa athavA guNa usameM vidyamAna haiN| una sabhI kA nidarzana mAtra bhI paryApta samaya aura vistAra mA~gatA hai| ata: mere jaise sAmAnya raMcamAtra rasagrAhI pAThaka ke lie vaisA prayatna na karaNIya hai, na sAdhya / anya mUrdhanya Adhunika kAvya samIkSakoM ne 'mUkamATI' ke rasa, rIti, alaMkAra va dhvani prabhRtti kAvyaguNoM para apane pRthak-pRthak lekhoM meM paryApta carcA kI hai| unameM merA prayAsa anAvazyaka aura anapekSita hai / maiM apanA kathya yaha kahakara pUrNa karanA cAhU~gA ki 'mUkamATI' santa kAvya kI akhaNDa bhAratIya paramparA meM eka abhinava mahAkAvya hai aura eka nirIha, ni:spRha, niSkAma, vItarAga digambara jaina santa kI racanA hone para bhI, kevala nirveda, vairAgya, saMsAra kI asAratA, jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA aura mA~goM kI vyarthatA hI usakA kathya nahIM hai, apitu jagat aura jIvana ke saundarya tathA usake vividha rUpoM ko bhI usake racayitA ne apane munipada kI garimA aura maryAdAoM ke bhItara rahate hue kAvyAtmaka abhivyakti pradAna karake 'mUkamATI' ke mahAkAvyatva kA aucityapUrvaka nirvAha kiyA hai / itylm|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' kA darzana : samIkSA ke do zabda DaoN. rAmajI siMha 'mUkamATI' kAvya rUpa meM eka dArzanika kRti hai, jisakA kendra bindu sRSTi-sRjana kA kartRtva evaM kAraNatva kA avagAhana hai / mATI aura kumbhakAra, daNDa, kIla aura cakra, Aloka Adi saba upamA ke upakaraNa haiM, lekina mUla sthApanA Izvara ko kartA nahIM mAnanA hai / isa dRSTi se yaha mahAkAvya niSedhAtmaka hai| durbhAgya yaha hai ki jisa sRSTikartA Izvara tattva ko yahA~ asvIkAra kiyA jAtA hai, usa Izvara tattva ko anyarUpa meM atyanta AsthA ke sAtha 'parama zraddheya pUjya' ke rUpa meM svIkArA gayA hai| asala meM AstikatA kA bojha itanA pracaNDa hai ki mukta hokara nAstika jIvana mUlya ko svIkAra karane kI kSamatA nahIM ho pAtI hai| isake viparIta lokAyata pUrNa nAstika hai, isIlie unhoMne Izvara ko sRSTi kA na upAdAna mAnA hai aura na nimitta / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI Izvara pratyaya se na to pUrNata: mukta ho pAte haiM, na saMyukta hI / yahI viDambanA unake mahAkAvya kI ceSTA ko na darzana banA pAtI hai, na kAvya / Izvara pratyaya kI sthApanA ke lie jagat tattva kI svIkRti hI Avazyaka nahIM hai / jagat sRSTi ke pUrva paramAtma tattva hai, jisane AtmA evaM anAtmArUpI sabhI padArthoM kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA :"bahusyAM prjaayeyeti|" 'puruSa sUkta' ko hI dekhie : "prajApatizcarati garbhe anta: ajAyamAno bahudhA vijaayte|" 'gItA' meM bhI kahA hai : 0 "brahmArpaNaM brahma havirbrahmAgnau brahmANA hutam / " (4/24) 0 "kSetrajJaM cApi mAM viddhi sarvakSetreSu bhArata / kSetrakSetrajJayoniM yattajjJAnaM mataM mama // " (13/2) asala meM isa U~cAI para binA uThe - upAdAna-nimitta Adi kI avadhAraNAoM ke saMkaTa ko dUra nahIM kara skte| sImAtIta zUnya' kI kalpanA sambhavataH AdhArahIna ho jAyagI, jaba taka hama usa tattva ko svIkAra nahIM kreNge| Izvara tattva ke abhAva meM prabala sAMkhya kA puruSa-prakRti dvaita upamAoM ke durbala AdhAra para rahA hai / mImAMsA karmakANDa meM ulajha gyaa| bauddha darzana bhI 'catuSkoTivinirmuktam' se dizA saMketa kara usI tattva kI ora abhimukha huaa| AcArya vidyAsAgara yA to zuddha dArzanika kI taraha Ate aura udayanAcArya ke tarkoM ko khaNDita karate to eka yazasvI dArzanika dvandva kA darzana hotA / yA phira sAMkhya kI taraha kahate : "IzvarA siddheH|" / yoM, Izvara kI sarvazreSTha siddhi anumAna se nahIM, zAstra evaM AsthA se mAnI gaI hai / mUla tattva ko cAhe jisa rUpa se ho, mAnanA hai / eka hI mahAzakti AcAra-bheda se bhinna-bhinna zaktirUpa meM prakAzita ho bhinna-bhinna kArya karatI hai : "ekaiva sA mahAzaktiH tayA sarvamidaM ttm|" vahI paramAtmA saba prANiyoM ke bhItara chupA hai : "eko devaH sarvabhUteSu gUDhaH sarvavyApI srvbhuutaantraatmaa|" jagat utpatti ke sambandha meM tIna kalpanAe~ kI jA sakatI haiM : 1. jagat isI prakAra sadaiva se banA banAyA calA jAtA hai| 2. jagatkA upAdAna prakRti hai aura prakRti meM jar3atA hai| 3. jagat ko kisI bAhya zakti ne banAyA hai| prathama ke viSaya meM to yahI kahanA kAfI hogA ki jagat meM prathama tattva kucha nahIM hai, sabhI mizrita haiM aura mizrita vastue~ nitya nahIM ho sakatIM / ata: yaha kalpanA kI jagat sadaiva se isI prakAra banA banAyA calA jAtA hai,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA ::7 asvIkArya hai / dUsare meM, jagat kA upAdAna yadi jar3a prakRti ko mAna liyA jAya to phira cetanA ke binA vastu-nirmAtA kI yojanA Adi kI kalpanA hI vyartha ho jAtI hai / tIsarI kalpanA meM bhI aneka kaThinAiyA~ haiN| Izvara hI jagat kA kAraNa hai : "IzvaraH sarvabhUtAnAM hRddeze' ityAdi vacana isako siddha karate haiM / sRSTi pUrva vaha apanI prakRti meM zaktirUpa se rahA karatA hai : "AnIya vAtaM svadyayA tadekam / " vaha avyakta avasthA hai : "tama AsIttamasA gunnyhmgre|" asala meM hama bhUla jAte haiM ki vaha mAyopAdhika Izvara bhI jar3a, cetana donoM prakAra se AvirbhUta huA hai : "yo brahmaNaM vidadhAti pUrvaM / yo vai vedAMzca prahiNoti tasmai // " prakRtivAda kI aneka truTiyA~ haiN| pahalI to yaha kI mAnasika kriyAe~ prAkRtika arthAt Adhibhautika kriyAoM, gatiyoM athavA spandanoM se nitAnta hI bhinna haiM / cetanA ko prAkRtika kriyAkalApa kA kArya mAtra hI mAnanA samucita nahIM / yadi cetanA kI prakRti se utpatti mAna lI jAe to isakA artha huA ki prakRti se kisI AprakRta vastu kI utpatti huii| phira donoM meM kArya-kAraNa sambandha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / sRSTi ke itihAsa meM cetanA ke paidA hone aura naSTa hone ke viSaya meM kucha kahA nahIM jA sakatA, kyoMki ina mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAoM kA jJAna bhI cetanA dvArA hI ho sakatA hai| cetanA kI apanI utpatti evaM nAza kA jJAna bhI cetanA dvArA hI ho sakatA hai| mujhe lagatA hai ki AcArya vidyAsAgarajI yadi Astika jIvana mUlya ko mAnate haiM to Izvara kI sattA ko sampUrNa rUpa se svIkAra kreN| sApekSatAvAda vyAvahArika stara para sahI hai / usI prakAra upAdAnavAda bhI kucha hI dUra taka upayogI hai / acchA hotA yadi AcAryapravara dArzanika grantha kA hI nirUpaNa karate, kyoMki kAvya kI komalatA evaM darzana kI zuSkatA donoM meM khataranAka sambandha hotA hai| pRSTa 100 hameM apane zIla svabhASa se/--... dAga nahIM lagA yAtIM vaha
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : eka apUrva mahAkAvya DaoN. zrIdhara vAsudeva sohonI yaha eka apUrva mahAkAvya hai / racayitA ne atyanta gambhIra cintana karake usakA nirmANa kiyA hai / pratyeka pRSTha para isa pradIrgha aura mahAn cintana kA saMskAra dekhane meM AtA hai| usakI vicAra-zRMkhalA sampUrNa bhAratIya saMskRti ke pramukha siddhAntoM se sambandhita rahI hai| ___yaha pArzvabhUmi isa mahAkAvya kI ora, pratyeka vAcaka kA dhyAna kendrita karatI huI dikhAI par3atI hai / usakA jAjvalya pratibimba dRggocara hote-hote, vAcaka kA mana aura buddhi stabdha-sI ho jAtI hai; aura usake pratisAda, apane jIvana meM kahA~-kahA~ mile the, usakI khoja rasika vidvAn anivArya rUpeNa hI karate hoNge| kavi ke sAtha, vAcaka isa prakAra eka AtmIyatA ke vAtAvaraNa meM magna ho jAte haiN| isa mahAkAvya meM racayitA ne vaidika pRthvIsUkta meM jo vicAra prakaTa hue the, sambhavata: unakA parAmarza liyA ho aura saMskRta sAhitya meM (vaidika tathA jaina, donoM meM) bhUmi ke sambandha meM jo kucha kalpanAe~ tathA vAGmayIna alaMkAra aura saMketa milate haiM unakA manthana karake, unameM se apane kAvya sRjana meM, alaMkAra meM ratnoM kI taraha prayukta kie haiN| isa prakAra hindI vAGmaya kI yaha kavitA eka vilakSaNa gahane ke rUpa meM pratIta hotI hai| vartamAna yuga meM bhUmi kI sampadA tathA pradUSaNoM kI mAnava nirmita samasyAoM ke viSaya para aneka pragatizIla aura vikasita dezoM meM gambhIra vicAra ho rahe haiN| ina vicAroM kI pratidhvani bhI isa mahAkAvya meM kahIM-kahIM antargata kI huI dikhAI par3atI hai| zrImad bANabhaTTa ke 'zabda ratnAkara' meM bhUmi ke chattIsa nAma die hue haiM : "bhUrbhUmirvasudhA mahI vasumatI vizvambharA medinii| gotrA gordharaNI samudrarazanA sarvasahorvI kSamA // pRthvI kSamA pRthivI rasA, kSitirilAnantAcalA kAzyapI / kSoNI jyA jagatI sthirA kurudhanI dhAtrI dharitrI dharA / vasundharA bhUtadhAtrI saiva ssydhnorvrii| mRttikA mRtprazastAyAM mRtsA mRtsnA ca mRdyume // " paramapUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara ke isa mahAkAvya meM ina sabhI nAmoM kA artha lekara kAvyaguMjana huA hai, yaha vizeSa dhyAna dene kI paristhiti hai| unakI mahAn saMvedanA kA yaha Thosa pramANa hai| kAvya sRjana meM saMvedanA kI zakti aura prakhara buddhi kA sahayoga hone se hI pratibhA jAgrata hotI hai / isI prakAra 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA nirmANa huA hogA, aisA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / paramapUjya AdaraNIya AcAryazrI ko mere sahasrazaH praNAma / PADU pRSTha 63 gA~Tha sandhi-sthAna para -." turanta gA~Tha khela FDMR
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________________ hindI mahAkAvya paramparA meM zreSTha kRti : 'mUkamATI' akSaya kumAra jaina AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke isa mahAkAvya kA pArAyaNa maiM kara cukA hU~ aura isase atyanta prabhAvita bhI huA huuN| mATI mUka hai para vaha tapasvI AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ko kisa prakAra dikhAI detI hai aura AdhyAtmika jIvana para unheM lekhanI calAne ko prerita karatI hai, yaha sukhada Azcarya kI bAta hai| AcAryajI ke darzanoM kA saubhAgya kaI bAra prApta huA hai| unakI nirmala aura nirIha smiti se atyanta prabhAvita huA / AcAryazrI kI AbhA kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki ve ala-chala aura ADambara se dUra haiM / paramparA ke muni manISiyoM kese jIvana darzana ko unhoMne apanAyA hai| ___ AcArya vidyAsAgarajI mAtra bAIsa varSa kI Ayu meM muni bana gae the aura chabbIsa varSa ke hote-hote ve AcArya pada para pratiSThita ho gae the| ina tapasvI AcArya santa kavi ne yuvAvasthA meM hI vaha anubhava prApta kara liyA / unakI anya kRtiyoM meM 'mUkamATI' ko maiM sarvazreSTha kRti mAnatA huuN| mATI hai kyA? "...saMkoca-zIlA/lAjavatI lAvaNyavatI-/saritA-taTa kI mATI apanA hRdaya kholatI hai/mA~ dharatI ke sammukha ! 'svayaM patitA hU~/aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se, "adhama pApiyoM se/pada-dalitA hU~ mA~' !" (pR. 4) kintu sarvocca vicAra ina tIna paMktiyoM meM haiM : "sukha-muktA hU~/duHkha-yuktA hU~/tiraskRta tyaktA hU~ mA~ !" (pR. 4) isa prakAra mATI kI amara kathA Age bar3hatI hai, aura dekhie - 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nhiiN|' aura Age mATI zilpI ke hAthoM pahu~catI hai / isa prakAra pisakara, kuTakara aura phira hotA hai usakA 'puNya kA pAlana: pApa-prakSAlana' | phira usakI agni parIkSA hotI hai| kumbha ke rUpa meM avA meM rakhI jAtI hai taba 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' bana jAtI hai| ___grantha meM dharatI kI vedanA-vyathA, zabdAlaMkAra, arthAlaMkAra tathA sAdhu ke samagra AcAra kA bodha bhalI prakAra se ho jAtA hai / vartamAna meM ye mahAkAvya apane Apa meM eka hI hai / isakI jaisI grantha racanA virala hai / sAhityapremiyoM aura sAhityika manISiyoM meM ye samAdRta hogA, aisA merA vizvAsa hai / hindI mahAkAvya kI paramparA meM unakA ye grantha 'mUkamATI' samIkSakoM evaM sAhitya premiyoM kA kRpA bhAjana banA hai| jyoM-jyoM isakA paThana aura adhyayana hogA tyoM-tyoM usakA samAdara bddh'egaa| AcAryazrI evaM unake isa mahAkAvya ko prnnaam| 000 "utpApavyaya-prauvyadhuktamatsantoM seyaTana mitmAraiisameM anantakI aptimA simarasI gaI + pR. 24
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : santa kAvya kI Adhunika paramparA DaoN. premazaMkara AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara ke vyaktitva kI kaI dizAe~ haiM jisase AcAryazrI kI vaividhya-bharI pratibhA kA pramANa milatA hai| karnATaka meM janme AcAryazrI kA avataraNa kArtika zukla pUrNimA, vi.saM. 2003 ko huA thA / jaise unakI cetanA ko Arambha se hI mana kI nirmalatA kA varadAna milA jise kisI santa kA prasthAnabindu kahA jAtA hai / mana meM sAttvika vRttiyoM ke udaya se cetanA uttarottara Urdhva dharAtala prApta karatI hai, nahIM to mAyA bahuta bhaTakAtI hai| bhAgya se AcArya vidyAsAgara ko AcArya jJAnasAgara jaise AlokapuruSa guru prApta hue, jinake caraNoM meM baiThakara unhoMne jIvanajagat ko jAnA-samajhA / pustakeM jAnakArI de sakatI haiM, para jJAna - AdhyAtmika jJAna ke lie AlokadAtA guru ke pAsa jAnA hI hogA / AcArya vidyAsAgara kI sateja medhA, nizchala jijJAsA, aTUTa samarpaNa, anavarata niSThA se unake vyaktitva ko nirantara vikAsa milaa| usane eka UrdhvamukhI yAtrA kI, jise sAmAjika svIkRti milI aura ve vandanIya hue / santa svabhAva aura kavitA meM koI visaMgati nahIM hai, bazarte lakSya uccatara mAnava mUlyoM ke niSpAdana kA ho| bhAratIya santa kAvya paramparA, jo siddha-nAtha - santa-bhakta kaviyoM se hotI huI zrI gurunAnaka taka vidyamAna hai, usakA mUla svara yahI hai ki manuSya dehavAda se Upara kaise utthe| isa dRSTi se santa kAvya zreSThatama mUlya cintA ko lekara agrasara huA aura santoM ne eka sAtha kaI bhUmikAoM kA nirvAha kiyA / unhoMne kathanI-karanI ke dvaita ko pATA aura AcaraNa kI zuddhatA para bala diyaa| sAmAjika, sAMskRtika rUpAntaraNa meM santa kAvya kI bhUmikA nirNAyaka rahI hai| unhone sahI netRtva kiyA jise sarvAdhika svIkRti milI sAmAnya jana meM / AcArya vidyAsAgara ne apanI kRtiyoM ke mAdhyama se santa kAvya kI dIrgha paramparA ko nayA Adhunika prasthAna diyA hai aura eka saceta sAMskRtika netRtva kA dAyitva nibhAyA hai| jaba-jaba mAnava mUlya skhalita hoMge, aise mahApuruSoM kI AvazyakatA hogI jo apane prabhAvI vyaktitva se samAja ko naI dizA dene kA prayatna kareM aura unakA jIvana svayaM mUlya cintA kA pratimAna ho / 'mUkamATI' eka prakAra se AcArya vidyAsAgara ke samagra vyaktitva kI abhivyakti hai - apane samaya ko nayA vikalpa dene kA prayatna / mahAkAvyoM ke viSaya meM kahA jAtA hai ki sabhyatA-saMskRti ke eka nizcita rUpAkAra grahaNa karane para, koI mahAkavi apanI virAT pratibhA se, usa samaya ko kathA mAdhyama se vyakta karane kA yatna karatA hai / isa dRSTi se hamAre zIrSastha mahAkAvya - rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata do saMskRtiyoM ke vAhaka haiN| dhIre-dhIre mahAkAvyoM kI racanA kA kArya kaThina hotA gayA aura Adhunika yuga meM ise eka aprAsaMgika mAdhyama ghoSita kara diyA gayA / yahA~ taka ki lUkAca ne Adhunika upanyAsa ko prAcIna mahAkAvya kA sthAnApanna mAnA / mahAkAvyoM kI racanA kI dizA meM prayatna hue, para sambhavata: pAThaka meM isakA dhairya aura sAhasa na thA ki unase antaraMga sAkSAtkAra kara ske| aise meM AcArya vidyAsAgara kA sAhasapUrNa racanA-prayatna hai aura vaha Adhunika samaya meM kisI santa kavi dvArA hI sambhava hai / 'mUkamATI' prAcIna mahAkAvyoM kI AkhyAna Azrita paramparA kA Azraya bhI nahIM letA, isalie yaha kArya aura bhI kaThina ho gayA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke cAra khaNDa haiM- 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha;' 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM;' 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' aura 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' / inameM caturtha khaNDa, jo ki mahAkAvya kA samApana aMza hai, AkAra meM sabase bar3A hai, anya kI tulanA meM lagabhaga dugane AkAra kA / ye zIrSaka kAvya kI cintanazIlatA ke paricAyaka haiM aura vAstava meM mahAkAvyoM kI lambI paramparA meM eka nae prayoga ke sUcaka / prAyaH mahAkAvya kathAnaka kA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 11 Azraya lekara vikasita hote haiM aura pAtra usa kathA ko ghaTanAoM ke mAdhyama se gati dete haiN| mahAbhArata jaisA viziSTa mahAkAvya jisake viSaya meM yahA~ taka kahA gayA ki jo isameM nahIM hai, vaha phira kahIM nahIM hai / para kathA-upakathAoM kI bahulatA se sampanna yaha sAMskRtika mahAkAvya bala dekara kahatA hai ki manuSya se zreSThatara kucha nahIM hai aura yahA~ manuSya paribhASita hai, uccatara mUlya cintAoM se prerita / 'mUkamATI' kA prasthAna, vikAsa aura samApana sabakA AdhAra tattvacintana hai, para vaha usa sAdhAraNa 'meTAphiz2ikala kAvya' se Age bar3hatA hai, jahA~ dRzya dekhakara niSkarSa prApta kie jAte haiM aura kiMcit sadAzayatA vyakta kI jAtI hai, basa / cintanazIlatA ke sahAre dIrghAkArI kAvya raca lenA kaI bAra asambhava-sA lagatA hai / rAbarTa brijeja jaise kaviyoM ne 'TesTAmeMTa oNfa byUTI' meM prayoga kiyA hai jahA~ vaha cintana ke sahAre agrasara hai| saundarya ko paribhASita karate hue usane use AdhyAtmika AdhAra diyA hai : "saundarya vidhAtA kA sarvotkRSTa maulika uddezya, lakSya tathA zAnti bharA Adarza hai|" AcArya vidyAsAgara 'mUkamATI' meM tattva cintana kI pratiSThA karate hue sAvadhAna haiM ki vicAra amUrta athavA vAyavIya banakara na raha jAyeM / yaha kaThinAI isalie aura bhI adhika hai ki unhoMne dharatI, mATI, zilpI, kumbha Adi ko pAtroM ke rUpa meM prastuta karane kA abhinava kArya kiyA hai / ve apane cintana ko pRthvI se jor3ate haiN| yaha hai usakA prasthAnabindu, para use ve nirantara UrdhvamukhI prayANa kI ora le jAte haiN| ise unakI kavitA kI cintana UrjA ke rUpa meM dekhanA hogaa| jo kavitA uThAna nahIM letI vaha ekarasa hokara eka hI bindu para ruka-Thahara jAtI hai, gatirodha jaisI / para AcArya vidyAsAgara kA santa-kavi apane samaya-samAja se asantuSTa hai aura vaha eka zreSThatara samaya kI parikalpanA karatA hai| 'mUkamATI' kavi kI kalpanA kSamatA se sampanna kAvya hai jise pAtra niyojana, pratIka vidhAna, bimba racanA sabhI meM dekhA jA sakatA 'mUkamATI' zIrSaka svayaM meM pramANa hai ki AcArya vidyAsAgara kA tattvadarzana apanI bhUmi ke saMsparza se upajA hai, para vaha usa kA atha hai, iti nahIM; prasthAna hai, samApana nhiiN| mATI mauna hai, para vaha sampUrNa jIvana-jagat kA AdhAra hai| usakI mauna bhASA atyanta arthagarbhI hai| dharatI mA~ hai. mATI usakI priya santati aura zilpI vaha advitIya racanAkAra. jo mRttikA ko kumbha ke rUpa meM rUpAyita karatA hai / apanI dharatI ke parasa se upajA yaha kAvya sUryodaya se Arambha hotA hai, mAnoM kavi samaya ke andhakAra se saMgharSarata hai aura yaha paramparA kabIra, tulasI, ravIndra, nirAlA kA agrima vikAsa hai| "santo bhAI, AI jJAna kI A~dhI' (kabIra), "aba loM nasAnI, aba nA nasaihoM' (tulasI), "Aja isa prabhAtakAla meM sUrya kI kiraNe/prANoM ke bhItara kaise praveza kara gaI" (ravIndra : nirjhara kA svapnabhaMga), "jAgo jAgo AyA prabhAta/ bItI vaha bItI andha rAta" (nirAlA : tulasIdAsa) meM sUryodaya cetanA ke jAgaraNa kA upakrama hai| 'mUkamATI' meM nizA kA avasAna aura sUryodaya meM cetanA kI jAgRti kA AvAhana hai : "prAcI ke adharoM para/manda madhurima muskAna hai" (pR. 1) / uSA Agamana ke dRzya ke mAdhyama se kavizrI darzana kI niSpatti karate haiM : "manda-manda/sugandha pavana/ baha rahA hai;/bahanA hI jIvana haiM" (pR. 2)- arthAt 'caraiveti caraiveti' / calanA hI jIvana hai, ruka jAnA - Thahara jAnA jar3atA, lagabhaga mRtyu / AcArya vidyAsAgara ne santa kI cintanazIlatA aura kavi ke saMvedana ke saMyojana-kauzala se 'mUkamATI' kI racanA kI hai| jIvanAnubhava para AdhArita kAvya paMktiyA~ yadi kevala vaktavya hotI to ve upadeza banakara raha jAtIM aura unheM svIkAranA koI anivAryatA na hotI / para santa-kavi ke rUpa meM ve isa dizA meM paryApta sajaga haiM, samAnadharmAoM kI prAcIna paramparA ko agrasara karate hue| marAThI santa kaviyoM ne apane abhaMgoM meM gUDhAtigUDha tattvadarzana kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, para jIvana kI pIThikA para / santoM kI sabase bar3I zakti hai-unakI sahajatA aura isIlie ve sAmAnyajana meM svIkRta
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________________ 12 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA hue / kavi jJAna, pANDitya, darzana saba kucha ko saMvedana meM aisA vilayita kara letA hai ki ve apanA pAtharpA kho deM aura rasadhArA kA avibhAjya aMza pratIta hoN| kabIra ne AdhyAtmika premabhAva kI abhivyakti ke lie svayaM ko rAma kI bahuriyA rUpa meM citrita kiyA :"dulahina gAvahu maMgalacAra/more ghara Ae rAjA rAma bharatAra / " 'mUkamATI' meM darzana sampradAya ke rUpa meM nahIM praveza pAtA, anyathA yahA~ azvaghoSa ke 'buddhacarita' jaisI kaThinAI hotii| AcArya vidyAsAgara ne ahiMsA, karuNA, aparigraha, viveka Adi jina uccatara mAnava mUlyoM para bala diyA hai, vaha santa kavi kI bar3I mUlya cintA ke antargata hai : "yahA~ para isa yuga se/yaha lekhanI pUchatI hai/ki/kyA isa samaya mAnavatA pUrNata: marI hai ?/kyA yahA~ para dAnavatA/A ubharI hai ?" (pR. 81) Azcaryajanaka laga sakatA hai para AcArya vidyAsAgara kI virAgI vRtti meM apane samaya ke prati gahana AkulatA hai jisa ora prAya: usa pUrvAgrahI dRSTi kA dhyAna nahIM jA sakatA jo vairAgya ko jIvana asampRkta mAnane kI bhUla karatI hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai 'mUkamATI' kA kavi apane samaya se behada vikSubdha hai aura isa sAttvika Akroza ke lie kalikAla varNana kA sahArA liyA gayA hai, bhAgavata aura tulasIdAsa kI taraha / mUlyoM kI vikRti kA varNana karate hue tulasI ne 'kali' ke mAdhyama se madhyakAla ke bhayAvaha yathArtha kA saMketa kiyA hai, yahA~ taka ki : "binu anna dukhI saba loga mreN|" kalikAla ko AcArya vidyAsAgara viSaya paricAlita, artha kendrita mAnate haiM : "adhika artha kI cAha-dAha meM/jo dagdha ho gayA hai artha hI prANa, artha hI trANa/yU~-jAna-mAna kara, artha meM hI mugdha ho gayA hai" (pR. 217) ise unhoMne kali-kAla kI vaiSayika chA~va' ko eka prakAra se 'vaizyavRtti ke pariveza meM vezyAvRtti kI vaiyyAvRtya' kahA hai / manuSya kI sthiti yaha hai ki bhoga-vilAsa kI sAmagrI meM tuSTi khojatA hai, para mana ko vizrAma nahIM-eka nirantara udvigna asantuSTa cetanA jo bhaTakatI rahatI hai| kavi ne ise machalI ke mAdhyama se kahA hai : "jala meM janama lekara bhI/jalatI rahI yaha machalI" (pR. 85) / kabIra ne aisA hI prazna uThAyA hai ki Izvara-janmA hokara bhI Atman duHkhI kyoM hai ?- "kAhe rI nalinI tU kumhalAnI, tere hI nAla sarovara paanii|" isakA kAraNa hai viSayakendrita mAyA, jisake aneka rUpa haiM, jo jIvana ko vikAragrasta karatI hai| samaya kA eka abhizApa hai-arthonmukhI dRSTi, jise prasAda ne 'kAmAyanI' meM atirikta bhautikavAda kahA hai| padArtha satya hai, mAnA, para artha antima satya kaise ho gayA? AcArya vidyAsAgara santa-kavi ke rUpa meM isa mUlabhUta prazna se ulajhate haiM aura eka caritra ke mAdhyama se apane mUlya cintana ko agrasara karate haiN| 'mUkamATI' meM mahAseTha kI kalpanA kI gaI hai, jo artha-pratIka hai, dhana ko sarvatra svIkAratA, maNi-mANikya-muktA meM Abaddha / apane pratIka ko pUrNatA dene ke lie AcArya vidyAsAgara mRttikA kumbha aura svarNa kalaza kI lambI bAtacIta dikhAte haiM jo vAstava meM do pRthak jIvana dRSTiyoM kA saMgharSa hai / anta meM ahaMkAra-DUbA svarNa kalaza zilpI ke kumbha se parAjita hotA hai-gA~dhIvAdI hRdayaparivartana jaisA / apane Azaya ko paripuSTa karane ke lie kavi ne use vistAra diyA hai : "he svarNa-kalaza !/dukhI-daridra jIvana ko dekhakara/jo dravIbhUta hotA hai vahI dravya anamola mAnA hai/dayA se daridra dravya kisa kAma kA ?
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 13 mATI svayaM bhIgatI hai dayA se / aura/auroM ko bhI bhigotI hai| mATI meM boyA gayA bIja / samucita anila-salila pA poSaka tattvoM se puSTa- pUrita / sahasra guNita ho phalatA hai / " (pR. 365) arthavAdI kI vaNika vRtti ke lie 'mUkamATI' meM svarNa kalaza ke lie 'pU~jIvAda' zabda kA prayoga huA hai, jisa para krAntikArI apanA ekAdhikAra mAnate haiM : "paratantra jIvana kI AdhAra zilA ho tuma, / pU~jIvAda ke abhedya durgama kilA ho tuma / aura / azAnti ke antahIna silasilA !" (pR. 366) arthakendrita samaya kalikAla hai jo aneka vikAroM se grasta eka bhayAvaha sthiti bhI hai| AcArya vidyAsAgara ne usakI kucha vikRtiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai kathanI-karanI meM antara, uSNa prakRti, unmatta, vAcAla, kUTanIti, viSadhara, ghamaNDa ke akhaNDa piNDa, adaya hRdaya, kalaha, durAzaya, durAcAra, ruSTa, tapta, baira, virodha, viSayarasika, kaThora, karkaza, kAyarata Adi / yahA~ taka ki AcArya vidyAsAgara kI TippaNI hai ki racanA aura kalAe~ bhI vikraya sAmagrI haiM : 'sakala-kalAoM kA prayojana banA hai / kevala artha kA Akalana-saMkalana / " (pR. 396) AcArya vidyAsAgara santa kavi haiM aura santa kevala samasyAoM para Akroza vyakta karake santuSTa nahIM ho jAte, ve praznoM kA uttara bhI cAhate haiM / yahIM AcArya vidyAsAgara ke vyaktitva meM santa aura kavi kA ullekhanIya saMyojana huA hai / santa bar3I mUlya cintAe~ karate haiM aura kavi kalpanA kSamatA se divAsvapna kA saMketa / 'mUkamATI' meM 'viveka'' para bala diyA gayA hai, aneka rUpoM meM / yaha viveka tathAkathita aise buddhivAda se bhinna hai, jisakI Ar3a meM kaI bAra chala kA bhI aucitya pramANita karane kI caturAI kI jAtI hai| AcArya vidyAsAgara kA viveka jAgRta bodha hai, UrdhvamukhI yAtrA karatA huA, jIvana dRzyoM ko nihAratA / jo loga santa ko kisI vilaga saMsAra kA vyakti mAnate haiM, unheM sahI avadhAraNA ke lie 'mUkamATI' ke una asaMkhya sthaloM para dhyAna denA cAhie jahA~ jIvana-jagat kI Adhunika vyAkhyAe~ haiM : "utsAha ho, umaMga ho / para utAvalI nahIM / / aMga-aMga se vinaya kA makaranda jhare, / para, dInatA kI gandha nahIM / " (pR. 319 ) 'mUkamATI' meM AcArya vidyAsAgara kI maulika cintana kSamatA sarvAdhika vicAraNIya hai / ve zleSa kA sahArA lete hue kaI bAra zabdoM kI apanI vyAkhyA karate haiM aura aise aneka prasaMga haiM : 'kumbha' - kuM= dharatI, bhA= bhAgya arthAt dharatI kA bhAgya (pR. 28); 'kRpANa' - kRpA + na arthAt jisameM kRpA na ho (pR. 73 ); 'abalA' - a = nahIM, balA- saMkaTa arthAt jisase koI saMkaTa na ho (pR. 203) / para isa zabda kauzala kI vyAkhyA se Age bar3hakara 'mUkamATI' kA vaha samRddha cintana pakSa hai jahA~ kavi ne jIvana-jagat ke aneka aise praznoM para vicAra kiyA hai jo sAmayika kahe jA sakate haiM aura prAya: yaha mAna liyA jAtA hai ki santa ko unakI cintA nahIM karanI caahie| AcArya vidyAsAgara meM vIra rasa kA virodha (pR. 131), vetana ke anucita vitaraNa para tIkhI TippaNI (pR. 387), AtaMkavAda (pR. 418), dalita-zoSita jana (pR. 426), alagAva (pR. 89), pratikAra bhAva (pR. 98), hiMsA (pR. 64), dharma kA vikRta rUpa (pR. 73 ), aNubama, prakSepAstra, sTAra vAra (pR. 249 - 251) Adi pramANita karate haiM ki santa kavi apane samaya kI pIr3A se
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________________ 14 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kitanA udvigna hai aura kavitA vAstavikatA tathA yathArtha se Adarza kI ora prayANa kA prayatna karatI hai| yahIM svapnadraSTA kavi sAdhAraNa vyaktiyoM se adhika uccatara dharAtala para pratiSThita hotA hai / 'mUkamATI' meM babUla kI lakar3I ke mAdhyama se samaya kI pIr3A vyakta haI hai: "prAya: aparAdhI-jana baca jAte/niraparAdha hI piTa jAte,/aura unheM pITate-pITate sadA TUTatI hama |/ise hama gaNatantra kaise kaheM ? yaha to zuddha 'dhanatantra' hai/yA/ manamAnA 'tantra' hai|" (pR. 271) ___ virAgI vRtti ne nArI ko Adara dete hue bhAratIya nArItva ko jo gaurava diyA hai, vaha nitAnta sarAhanIya hai / yahA~ nArI ke sabhI rUpoM kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai : strI, mAtR, sutA, duhitA, abalA, kumArI Adi / kavi ne nArI ko bhAratIya saMskRti kA garimAmaya AdhAra mAnA hai, aura apane vivecana ko paryApta vistAra se prastuta kiyA hai : "yaha dharA sampadA-sampannA/taba taka rahegI/jaba taka yahA~ 'kumArI' rhegii| yahI kAraNa hai ki/santoM ne inheM/prAthamika maMgala mAnA hai laukika saba maMgaloM meM !" (pR.204) nArI ke prati yaha maMgala dRSTi usI vItarAgI meM sambhava hai jo gahana mAnavIya saMvedana se paricAlita ho / vaktavya bhara de denA, pUrNa kavitA kA lakSaNa nahIM hai / use samApana taka pahu~cAnA kavitA kA gantavya honA caahie| santoM ne apane samaya kI vibhISikA para tIkhe prahAra kie haiM, eka prakAra se vaha sAttvika Akroza kA svara hai, para isa artha meM vaha sArthaka hai ki vikalpa bhI cAhatA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM aneka uddharaNIya paMktiyA~ haiM jise hama kisI saphala kavitA kA guNa bhI mAnate haiN| kaI bAra sAmAnya jana santavANI ko uddhata karate haiM, yadyapi ve usake racayitA se paricita nahIM hote / isa prakAra kavitA vAcika paramparA se jur3a jAtI hai, pustaka se bAhara nikala kara / agni-parIkSA ke binA, kisI kI mukti nahIM (pR. 275), sadAzaya, sadAcAra agni kI USmA hai (pR. 276), prakAza kA lakSaNa sabako prakAzita karanA (pR. 342), jIvana saMgIta meM Ananda kI prApti (pR. 144), parizramI RSi-kRSaka (pR. 222), dhana-saMgraha nahIM, jana-saMgraha karo (pR. 467), granthi hiMsA kI sampAdikA hai (pR. 64), dharma kA jhaNDA bhI DaNDA bana jAtA hai (pR. 73) Adi asaMkhya paMktiyA~ uddhata kI jA sakatI haiN| kahIM-kahIM sAttvika Akroza vyaMgya ke rUpa meM vyakta hotA hai : "AsthA kahA~ hai samAjavAda meM tumhArI ?/sabase Age maiM/samAja bAda meM" (pR. 461) / kavi kI paribhASA hai : "prazasta AcAra-vicAra vAloM kA/jIvana hI samAjavAda hai" (pR. 461) / kavi ne kaI bAra 'samatA' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai aura isa sambandha meM usakI apanI vyAkhyA hai : "amIroM kI nahIM/garIboM kI bAta hai;/koThI kI nahIM/ kuTiyA kI bAta hai" (pR. 32) / ye vaktavya kevala uddharaNa ke upayoga meM Akara raha jAte, para AcArya vidyAsAgara ne apane cintana ko samApana taka pahu~cAyA hai| isalie antima khaNDa 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' kA AkAra bar3A ho gayA / yahA~ kavi ne apane tattva cintana ko adhika grAhya banAne ke lie mahAseTha caritra kA sahArA liyA hai / khaNDa ke Arambha meM agni ko samarpita kumbha ke vyaktitva kA nikhAra hai, jise kavi ne 'kumbha kI agni-parIkSA' kahA hai / kumbha kA rUpAntaraNa hotA hai : "kumbha ke mukha para prasannatA hai muktAtmA-sI/tairate-tairate pA liyA ho/apAra bhava-sAgara kA pAra !'(pR. 298) / phira sthitaprajJa kA citraNa : "khyAti-kIrti-lAbha para/kabhI tarasate nahIM''(pR. 301) / tapa:pUta kumbha uccatara mAnava mUlyoM kA pratIka hai| samApana aMza meM agni-parIkSita kumbha, kumbhakAra zilpI uccatama dharAtala pA jAte hai, para saba meM sarvopari hai
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 15 'mATI kI mahimA,' jise kavi zivamaMgalasiMha 'sumana' ne apanI prasiddha kavitA meM pratipAdita kiyA hai : " miTTI meM ghara hai, saMyama hai, honI-anahonI kaha jAe ha~sakara hAlAhala pI jAe, chAtI para saba kucha saha jAe yoM to tAzoM ke mahaloM-sI, miTTI kI vaibhava bastI kyA bhUkampa uThe to Dhaha jAe, bUr3A A jAe, baha jAe lekina mAnava kA phUla khilA, sabase pAkara vANI kA vara nidhi kA vidhAna luTa gayA, svarga - apavarga ho gae nyauchAvara kavi miTa jAtA lekina usakA ucchvAsa amara ho jAtA hai miTTI gala jAtI para usakA vizvAsa amara ho jAtA hai / " AcArya vidyAsAgara ne kumbha kI agni parIkSA kA krama samApta hote hI mahAseTha kA praveza karAyA hai, jo Adhunika arthavAda kA pratIka hai| do viparIta jIvana dRSTiyA~ - eka ora tapaH pUta kumbha aura kumbhakAra zilpI, jise kavi ne 'analpa zrama, dRr3ha saMkalpa, sat - sAdhanA - saMskAra kA phala' (pR. 305) batAyA hai aura jo kumbha ko naI chavi detA hai, zilpana kauzala se / dhanika viSayAndha, madAdhIna mahAseTha kA hRdaya parivartana mATI - kumbha ke mAdhyama se dikhAnA AcArya vidyAsAgara kA adbhuta kavi kauzala hai aura ise niSpAdita karane ke lie kumbha kI vANI kA sArthaka upayoga kiyA gayA hai / kumbha se kisI santa kI kavitA sunakara mahAseTha kI A~kheM khula jAtI haiN| vaha saMyata hotA hai, bhrAMtiyA~ samApta hotI haiN| yadyapi yahA~ pUjana-anuSThAna kI bhI paryApta carcA hai, para kavi kA mUla Azaya arthavAda kA hRdayaparivartana hai, mahAseTha ke mAdhyama se / isI avasara para guru dvArA seTha kI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna hai, dArzanika zabdAvalI meM aura yahA~ kavi ne kumbha kI bhAva-bhASA kA upayoga bhI kiyA hai : "kumbha ke vimala-darpaNa meM / santa kA avatAra huA hai" (pR. 354) / 'mUkamATI' meM AcArya vidyAsAgara ne jisa zilpa kA prayoga kiyA hai, vaha kaI dRSTiyoM se abhinava hai| binA AkhyAna ke sahAre racA gayA kAvya anAma pAtra cunatA hai aura prakRti kI ikAiyoM ko pAtratva detA hai / vidyAsAgarajI kI kalA kI paribhASA isa sandarbha meM vicAraNIya hai : "koI bhI kalA ho/kalA mAtra se jIvana meM / sukha-zAnti-sampannatA AtI hai" (pR. 396) / kAvya meM pRthvI, mATI, kumbha, lakar3I, nadI, sarpa, svarNakalaza Adi saba pAtroM ke rUpa meM bolate haiN| kavi ne inake mAdhyama se vibhinna jIvanadRSTiyoM kA bodha karAyA hai aura kAvya meM nATaka tattva kA aisA kau apanAyA gayA hai jaise kavi ke samakSa pAThaka zrotA ke rUpa meM upasthita ho / vArtAlApa kI yaha zailI dArzanika prasaMgoM ko bahuta nIrasa nahIM ho jAne detI aura yaha bAta vizeSa rUpa se antima khaNDa meM dekhI jA sakatI hai jahA~ kaI bAra zAstrIya dArzanika carcA hai, jisameM jaina dharma ke zabda bhI Ae haiN| vidyAsAgarajI 'saragama' kI maulika vyAkhyA kara sakate haiM, aura zramaNa kI bhI : "jJAna ke sAtha sAmya bhI anivArya hai / zramaNa kA zRMgAra hI / samatA-sAmya hai" (pR.330) / kAvya lagabhaga anta meM nadI kA vaktavya vizeSa rUpa se vicAraNIya hai jisase 'bahatA pAnI, ramatA jogI' kA darzana pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, para jise lalakAratA hai vahI kumbha, jo kAvya kA mahAnAyaka jaisA hai: "kumbha ke Atma-vizvAsa se / sAhasa-pUrNa jIvana se/nadI ko bar3I preraNA mila gaI / nadI kI vyagratA prAyaH asta huI / samarpaNa-bhAva se bhara AI vaha !" (pR. 454-455) / isa mahAkAvya meM kumbha kI bhUmikA eka mahAnAyaka kI hai - mATI se upajA, kumbhakAra zilpI dvArA nirmita para svayaM sampUrNa bhI, jo kAvya ke anta meM netRtva kI bhUmikA meM hai : "sabase Age kumbha hai / mAna
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________________ 16 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA dambha se mukta,/...jIvana bane maMgalamaya' (pR. 478) kI kAmanA karatA / 'kAmAyanI' ke samApana chanda meM yahI sthiti hai : "samarasa the jar3a yA cetana/sundara sAkAra banA thA/cetanatA eka vilasatI/Ananda akhaNDa ghanA thaa|" 'mUkamATI' bhAratIya saMskRti kI pratiSThA kA kAvya hai aura AcArya vidyAsAgara pazcima kI bhogavAdI dRSTi kA spaSTa virodha karate haiM, isIlie mRttikA kumbha ko netRtva pradAna kiyA gayA hai| vidyAsAgarajI ke zabda haiM : "pazcimI sabhyatA/AkramaNa kI niSedhikA nahIM hai/apitu ! AkramaNa-zIlA garIyasI hai/jisakI A~khoM meM vinAza kI lIlA vibhISikA/ghUratI rahatI hai sadA sadoditA/aura mahAmanA jisa ora/abhiniSkramaNa kara gaye/saba kucha taja kara, vana gaye nagna, apane meM magna bana gaye/usI ora"/unhIM kI anukrama-nirdezikA bhAratIya saMskRti hai/sukha-zAnti kI pravezikA hai|" (pR. 102) bhAratIya saMskRti ke prati yaha rAga-bhAva 'mUkamATI' ke pUre vinyAsa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai, cintana se lekara pratIka yojanA, bimba vidhAna aura zabda-zilpa taka / kavitA jaba uThAna bharatI hai to kavi prakRti kA bharapUra upayoga karanA cAhatA hai : "dharatI kI dhavalima kIrti vaha/candramA kI candrikA ko lajAtI-sI dazoM dizAoM ko cIratI huI/aura bar3hatI jA rahI hai / sImAtIta zUnyAkAza meN|" (pR. 222) zUla-phUla, dharatI-mATI, kumbha-nadI, kumbha-kalaza Adi ke vArtAlApoM meM dArzanika prasaMgoM ke bAvajUda kAvya niSpatti isIlie ho sakI, kyoMki kavi ne sArthaka bimboM kI khoja kA prayatna kiyA hai, yadyapi kavitA kA DhA~cA gadya kA samIpI hai| mRttikA kumbha pAtra kA svAgata-satkAra hotA hai aura svarNa kalaza apamAnita mahasUsa karatA hai : "svarNakalaza kI mukha-guphA se/Akroza-bharI zabdAvalI phUTatI hai/sAkSAt jvAlAmukhI kA rUpa dharatI-sI'' (pR. 356) / AcArya vidyAsAgara una prasaMgoM meM apanI sarvottama uThAna meM haiM jahA~ prakRti bimboM ke mAdhyama se cintana saMketa haiM, jaise mahAkAvya ke Arambha meM hI : "lajjA ke ghUghaTa meM/DUbatI-sI kumudinI/prabhAkara ke kara-chuvana se bacanA cAhatI hai vaha;/apanI parAga ko-/sarAga-mudrA ko pA~khuriyoM kI oTa detI hai|" (pR. 2) athavA, una prasaMgoM meM jaba AstikI vRtti kA prakAzana hotA hai, jaise kAvya ke anta meM : "sAdara Akara pradakSiNA ke sAtha/sabane praNAma kiyA pUjya-pAda ke pada-paMkajoM meM,/pAdAbhiSeka huA,/pAdodaka sara para lgaayaa| phira,/cAtaka kI bhA~ti/guru-kRpA kI pratIkSA meM saba / " (pR. 484) kAvya hI zabdarAzi kA sAMskRtika dharAtala hai, yadyapi usameM anya sahaja-sarala zabda bhI antarbhukta ho gae haiN| kisI mahAn lakSya kI ora agrasara samAja kA dRzya hai jisameM eka nae dRSTAnta kA praveza karAyA gayA hai, jisase kavi
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 17 kI Adhunika dRSTi kA AbhAsa hotA hai : "lagabhaga yAtrA AdhI ho cukI hai/yAtrI-maNDala ko laga rahA hai ki gantavya hI apanI ora A rahA hai |/kumbh ke mukha para prasannatA hai prathama zreNI meM uttIrNa/parizramI vinayazIla/vilakSaNa vidyaarthii-sm|"(pR.455) ___'mUkamATI' santa kAvya kI Adhunika paramparA ko agrasara karane vAlA kAvya hai jo apane cAroM ora kI vikRtiyoM se vikSubdha hai / manuSya kA dharAtala kaise uThe, yaha isa kAvya kI mUla cintA hai| para kavi AzAvAdI hai ,kyoMki vaha jAnatA hai ki : "mATI ko nidrA/chUtI taka nahIM"(pR. 18) / vaha cirantana jAgaraNa kA pratIka hai / santa kI yahI sthiti hai : "yA nizA sarvabhUtAnAM, jAgarti tasyAM saMyamI" (gItA, 2/69) jo andhakAra meM bhI alakha jagAe, vaha hai santa / kavi kA cirantana vizvAsa hai: "kRtaghna ke prati vighna upasthita/karanA to dUra, vighna kA vicAra taka nahIM kiyA mana meN| nirvighna jIvana jIne hetu/kitanI udAratA hai dharatI kI yaha ! uddhAra kI hI bAta socatI rahatI/sadA - sarvadA sbkii|" (pR. 194-195) jIvana kA yaha saMsparza 'mUkamATI' ko santa kAvya paramparA meM eka viziSTa sthAna kA adhikArI banAtA hai, jahA~ kavi ne mUlyahIna samaya meM, nae mUlya-saMsAra ke sandhAna kA niSThAvAn prayatna kiyA hai| 'mUkamATI' : eka anupama kRti puSkara lAla keDiyA AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara praNIta mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' eka anupama kRti hai / mATI kI mahimA aura garimA jagat meM sarvatra vyApta hai| isa mahAkAvya ne mUkamATI ko bhASA dI hai aura use pUrNa caitanya rUpa meM sAmane lA khar3A kiyA mahAkAvya meM bhASA kA pravAha aura saundarya hRdayagrAhI hai / yaha kRti hindI ke mahAkAvyoM kI paramparA meM apanI navInatA ke lie samAdRta hogii| ___mUkamATI' kAvya ke nikaSa para zata-pratizata utkRSTa pramANita hogI aura isase hindI kAvya kA bhaNDAra samRddha hogaa| maiM 'mUkamATI' ke praNetA ko apanI praNati detA huuN| . DA0 mila-mila mila-mila----- guta kama yunane ko milaay|
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________________ dArzanika-vaicArikatA kI sahaja abhivyakti : 'mUkamATI' pro. (DaoN.) dilIpa siMha Aja kI bauddhikatA sarala ko jaTila banAne kI prakriyA ko hI prajJA kA vistAra mAnatI hai / isa mAnyatA ke pIche bauddhika varga kI sImAe~ hI kArya karatI haiN| binA AtmasAt kie jJAna kI abhivyakti kA sahaja ho pAnA sambhava bhI nahIM hai| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya isa dharAtala para eka sukhada Azcarya kI anubhUti pAThaka meM jagAtA hai| isameM jaTila dArzanikatA kA udghATana sahajatA ke stara para huA hai / kathAnaka, sarala-sampreSya bhASA, dRSTAnta, rUpaka, upamAe~sabhI apane saghana rUpa meM surakSita bhI haiM aura AcAryajI ne inheM abhivyakti ke dharAtala para jaTila hone se bhI bacAe rakkhA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki 'mUkamATI' ko Adyanta par3hate jAie aura gahare dArzanika vicAra Apake mana meM svata: utarate jAte haiM- binA kisI prayatna yA bauddhika 'drAviDI prANAyAma ke / 'kAvya' ke do aMgoM kI carcA samprati sAhitya zAstra karatA hai - kathya aura abhivyakti / 'mUkamATI' kA kathya cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai| ina cAroM khaNDoM meM mUla-prasaMga ke sAtha-sAtha aneka upa-prasaMga udghATita hote calate haiM jo mUla-prasaMga ko pravAhamaya aura prabhAvazIla banAte haiN| 'mUkamATI' kA kendrIya kathya hameM jIvana ke pratyeka aMkura se pyAra karane ke lie prerita karatA hai / yaha prema abhimAna ko tirohita karake hI utpanna hotA hai / 'prema ke vistAra' aura 'ahaM ke tyAga' ko 'mUkamATI' kI nimnalikhita paMktiyA~ kitanI sahajatA se vyakta karatI haiM : 66 ''hI' dekhatA hai hIna dRSTi se para ko/ 'bhI' dekhatA hai samIcIna dRSTi se saba ko, 'hI' vastu kI zakla ko hI pakar3atA hai/ 'bhI' vastu ke bhItarI bhAga ko bhI chUtA hai| "" (pR. 173) ye paMktiyA~ bhAratIya cintana meM antarbhukta 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kI dhAraNA ko bhI puSTa karatI haiM / ye dhAraNA pazcimI cintana meM kahA~ ? 66 'hI' pazcimI sabhyatA hai / 'bhI' hai bhAratIya saMskRti, bhAgya-vidhAtA / rAvaNa thA 'hI' kA upAsaka / rAma ke bhItara 'bhI' baiThA thA / " (pR. 173) yaha to bhAratIya saMskRti kA mUla mantra hI hai ki jisa bhI kAraNa abhimAna AtA hai vaha bandhanakAraka hai / usakA Azraya sthAna to ' maiM' hai / yaha 'maiM' bhakti meM hI tirohita ho sakatA hai jahA~ nadI sAgara meM DUba rahatI hai aura 'maiM' ke sthAna para 'saba' A jAtA hai / bhakti ke isI samarpaNa kI kAmanA AcAryajI karate haiM : "prabhu se prArthanA hai, ki / 'hI' se hIna ho jagat yaha abhI ho yA kabhI bhI ho / 'bhI' se bheMTa sabhI ko ho / " (pR. 173) yaha kAmanA sabhI ke lie hai| akhila vizva ke lie| apane ahaM kA samarpaNa hI to bhakti hai / samarpaNa kA artha 'ahaM' ko meTa denA nahIM hai / samarpaNa kA artha hai manuSya ke apane astitva kI Atmika aura naitika ghoSaNA / kevala vahI vyakti jo eka bAra samarpaNa kI sthiti se guz2ara cukA hai 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kI ghoSaNA bhI kara sakatA hai| 'mUkamATI' kA kavi yaha ghoSaNA ekAdhika sthaloM para karatA hai| samarpaNa meM saMkoca, adhamanApana aura apane prakRtigata ahaM se lagA hI manuSya ko 'svAntaH sukhAya' ke taMga dAyare meM sImita karake use avicArI aura jar3a banAtA hai / bhAratIya darzana
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 19 kA yaha tAttvika satya 'mUkamATI' meM 'kaMkara' ke rUpaka dvArA kitanI sahajatA se vyakta huA hai : "are kaMkaro!/mATI se milana to huA/para/mATI meM mile nahIM tuma ! mATI se chuvana to huA/para/mATI meM ghule nahIM tuma ! itanA hI nahIM,/calatI cakkI meM DAlakara/tumheM pIsane para bhI apane guNa-dharma/bhUlate nahIM tuma !/bhale hI/cUraNa banate, retila; mATI nahIM banate tuma !/jala ke siMcana se/bhIgate bhI ho/parantu, bhUlakara bhI phUlate nahIM tuma!/mATI-sama/tuma meM AtI namI nahIM/kyA yaha tumhArI hai kamI nahIM ?/tuma meM kahA~ hai vaha/jala-dhAraNa karane kI kSamatA?" (pR. 49-50) 'pUrNa samarpaNa' hI 'prANImAtra ke prati AsthA' kA bhI saMcAra karatA hai / aura tabhI manuSya 'avicAroM se bhI mukta raha pAtA hai| koI bhI aisA vicAra jo manuSya ko saMzaya, sandeha aura nAstikatA kI ora unmukha karatA hai vastutaH vicAra nahIM, avicAra hai / isa bAta kI puSTi isI tathya se ho jAtI hai ki taba vaha jIvana aura jagat ke rahasyoM se svayaM ko asampRkta rakhatA hai| aise meM prANImAtra ke prati AsthA, sarvamaMgala kA bhAva yA lokamaMgala kI kAmanA to usake hRdaya meM prasphuTita ho pAnA asambhava hI hai / 'prANImAtra ke prati AsthA kA siddhAnta tIna tattvoM se sampRkta hai- samarpaNa, jIvana aura jagat kI paraspara ekatA aura naitikatA / yahI tIna tattva 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' ke siddhAnta meM bhI pAe jAte haiN| 'mUkamATI' meM loka maMgala ke isa bhAva para Aie dRSTipAta kareM : "yahA~ "saba kA sadA/jIvana bane maMgalamaya/chA jAve sukha-chA~va, sabake saba TaleM-/amaMgala-bhAva,/saba kI jIvana latA harita-bharita viha~sita ho/guNa ke phUla vilasita hoM/nAzA kI AzA miTe AmUla mahaka uThe/"basa!" (pR. 478) 'avicAra' hI 'ku-vicAra' kI ora unmukha karatA hai / badale yA vaira ke isa bhAva kI abhivyakti 'mUkamATI' meM 'kA~Te' ke dRSTAnta dvArA huI hai : "mATI khodane ke avasara para/kudAlI kI mAra khA kara jisakA sara adha-phaTA hai/jisakA kara adha-kaTA hai... ...phira bhI miTa nahIM rahA vaha,.../zilpI ko zalya-pIr3A dekara hI isa mana ko caina milegA.../badale kA bhAva vaha anala hai/jo jalAtA hai tana ko bhI, cetana ko bhii|" (pR. 95-98) ye paMktiyA~ tatkAla smRti-paTala para saMjotI haiM eka avismaraNIya aura aitihAsika ghaTanA- bharata aura bAhubalI kii| bAhubalI, jinhoMne rAjya ke nimitta lar3AI meM vijaya pAne aura vaira-prativaira tathA kuTumba-kalaha ke bIja bone kI apekSA 'saccI vijaya' kA varaNa kiyaa| unhoMne ahaMkAra aura tRSNA-jaya meM hI jIvana kI sArthakatA dekhI / yuddha unhoMne krodha aura abhimAna se kiyA aura pratikAra kiyA avaira se vaira kA / krodha, vaira ke viparIta saMyama aura paraduHkha-kAtaratA kI sthApanA kA Adarza saMkalpa bhI 'mUkamATI' ke kathya kA kendrIya bindu hai / jahA~ kA~TA' vaira aura badale ke bhAva se dagdha chaTapaTA rahA hai vahIM nikaTa meM eka gulAba kA paudhA khar3A hai / surabhi se mahakatA / prakRti ne to bharasaka hameM sadguNoM
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________________ 20 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA se bA~dha kara hI sirajA hai : "apane hoM yA parAye,/bhUkhe-pyAse baccoM ko dekha mA~ ke hRdaya meM dUdha ruka nahIM sakatA/bAhara AtA hI hai umar3a kara, isI avasara kI pratIkSA rahatI hai-/usa dUdha ko|" (pR. 201) saMskRti mAtra kA uddezya hI hai mAnavatA kI bhalAI ke lie Age bar3hanA / 'mUkamATI' isI uddezya se anuprANita hai| hiMsA ko rokane kA bharasaka prayatna karatI hai yaha kRti aura tapa-saMyama ke AdarzoM ko apane DhaMga se ubhAratI hai / isakA bar3A hI sahaja udghATana 'mazAla' aura 'dIpaka' ke mAdhyama se huA hai : "mazAla ke mukha para/mATI malI jAtI hai/asaMyama hotA hai, islie| mazAla se prakAza milatA hai/para atyalpa!/usase agni kI lapaTeM uThatI haiM... mazAla apavyayI bhI hai,/bAra-bAra tela DAlanA par3atA hai/...mazAla kI asthiratA... dIpaka saMyamazIla hotA hai/bar3hAne se bar3hatA hai, aura/ghaTAne se ghaTatA bhii| ...mazAla kI apekSA/adhika prakAzaprada hai yaha / " (pR.368-370) doSa, galatI, burAI aura akalyANa se taba taka koI nahIM baca sakatA jaba taka usakI evaz2a meM sadguNoM kI puSTi na kare / hiMsA, asatya, corI, parigraha Adi doSoM se binA bace sadguNoM meM pravRtti ho hI nahIM sktii| jisa-jisa doSa ko dUra karanA hai usa-usa doSa ke virodhI sadguNa ko jIvana meM sthAna dete jAnA hI ekamAtra mArga hai / hiMsA ko dUra karanA ho to prema AtmIyatA ke sadguNa ko jIvana meM vyApta karanA hogaa| binA satya bole, satya bolane kA binA bala pAe asatya se nivRtti kaise hogI ? parigraha aura lobha se bacanA ho to santoSa aura tyAga jaisI pravRttiyoM meM apane ko khapAnA hogA / yahI to bodha hai : "bodha ke siMcana binA/zabdoM ke paudhe ye kabhI lahalahAte nahIM, yaha bhI satya hai ki/zabdoM ke paudhoM para/sugandha makaranda-bhare bodha ke phUla kabhI mahakate nahIM,/...bodha kA phUla jaba DhalatA-badalatA, jisameM/vaha pakva phala hI to/zodha kahalAtA hai|"(pR.106-107) jaisA ki 'mUkamATI' ke 'prastavana' meM zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ne nivedita kiyA hai : "...darzana Aropita nahIM lagatA, apane prasaMga aura pariveza meM se udghATita hotA hai|" vAstava meM 'mUkamATI' kA kathya tattva-darzana se paga-paga para sampRkta hai / jina dArzanika tattvoM ko Upara vivecita kiyA gayA hai ve isa lekhaka ke ve udvega haiM jo 'mUkamATI' ke adhyayana ke samaya mathita hokara nikala Ae, AropaNa merA hai yahA~, AcAryajI kA nhiiN| kathya kI sahaja aura jIvana-darzana kI sarala abhivyakti 'mUkamATI' ko mukhara banAtI hai / abhivyakti kI carcA kareM to 'bhASA' yA zabda' kI carcA karanI hI hogii| 'mUkamATI' kI abhivyakti zailI itanI sazakta, pravAhamaya aura pAradarzI kyoM hai ? isakA mUla kAraNa hai 'bhASA kA sahaja sampreSaNIya prayoga / ' kahIM yaha gadyamaya kAvya bana kara hameM bhAvasAgara meM DubAtI hai to kahIM kAvyamaya gadya ke rUpa meM hamAre bhItara svayaM DUba jAtI hai / bhASA kI yaha sahajatA kabhI-kabhI to pAThaka se sIdhA saMvAda karatI-sI lagatI hai / yaha sahajatA vaicArika jaTilatA ko bhI sahaja abhivyakta karatI hai / 'mUkamATI' kI isa abhivyakti ko nimnalikhita bhASA-prayoga ke stara para vivecita karane kA prayatna Aie kareM :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 21 (1) pracalita aura sarala abhivyaktiyoM kA prayoga (2) sambodhanoM kI chaTA (3) navIna bhASA prayoga (4) sUkti kathana (5) upameyatA (6) urdU bhASA ke sahaja prayoga (7) vyAkhyA/paribhASA (8) anuprAsa prayoga (9) tukaanttaa| pracalita aura sarala abhivyaktiyoM ke stara para dekhane para yaha lagatA hai ki 'mUkamATI' kA kavi apane loka aura loka-bhASA prayoga se kitane gahare jur3A huA hai / usakA yaha jur3Ava bhAvAbhivyakti ko tatkAla pAThaka ke mAnasa-paTala para bikharA detA hai / isa prakAra ke prayoga kahIM loka-muhAvaroM se sambaddha haiM, kahIM loka-vizvAsoM se, kahIM bolacAla kI zailI se to kahIM pUre pariveza ko citra kI bhA~ti pAThaka ke samakSa ukerane se / kucha prayoga dekheM : "jhaTa-paTa jhaTa-paTa/ ulaTI-palaTI jAtI mATI!(pa.127). apanI dAla nahIM galatI, lakha kara (pa.134), hAsya ne apanI karavaTa badala lI (pR.134), 'nAka meM dama kara rakkhA hai' (pR.135), isa para prabhu pharmAte haiM... (pR.150), ghUma rahA hai mAthA isakA (pR.161), kumbha kA galA na ghoTa diyA (pR.165), saMsAra 99 kA cakkara hai (pR.167), dhaga-dhaga lapaTa cala rahI hai (pR.177), cilacilAtI dhUpa hai (pR.177), sAbuta nigalanA cAhatI hai ! (pR.187), chUmantara ho gayA (pR. 207), hAthoM-hAtha havA-sI ur3I bAta (pR. 211), guravela to kar3avI hotI hI hai/aura nIma para car3hI ho/to kahanA hI kyA! (pR.236), IMTa kA jabAva patthara se do !(pR.248), jaba suI se kAma cala sakatA hai/talavAra kA prahAra kyoM? (pR.257), apanI capeTa meM letA hai (pR. 261), nava-do-gyAraha ho jAtA hai pala meM (pR. 397), 'mATI, pAnI aura havA/sau rogoM kI eka davA'(pR. 399), kopa bar3hA, pArA car3hA (pR. 465), usake dRr3ha saMkalpa ko/pasInA-sA chUTa gayA ! (pR. 469), 'pUta kA lakSaNa pAlane meM '(pR. 482) / " aise prayoga mUkamATI'ko paThanIya bhI banAte haiM aura pAThaka ke sAtha sIdhA riztA kAyama karate haiN| pAThaka ke lie sahaja sampreSaNIya banAne meM 'mUkamATI' meM sambodhanoM kA prayoga bhI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAtA hai / gadya lekhana meM sambodhana anivArya hote haiN| yahA~ kAvya meM inakA prayoga bhASA aura abhivyakti donoM ko sazakta rUpa se sampreSaNIya banAtA hai aura kavi ina sambodhanoM dvArA sambodhya se apane ko AtmIya dharAtala para jor3a pAtA hai : "aura sano ! (pa. 5). beTA ! (pa. 7). hA~ ! hA~ !! (pa. 10). dhanya ! (pa. 26), sano ! (pa. 26), he mAnI, prANI ! (pR. 53), bhUla kSamya ho mA~ ! (pR. 56), svAmin ! (pR. 60), he bhrAta ! (pR. 60), cala rI cala"! (pR. 71), suno beTA ! (pR. 82), he prabho ! (pR. 115), o mA~ mATI ! (pR. 119), are mauna ! (pR. 121), he dehin ! (pR. 143), he zilpin ! (pR. 143), o manoramA ! (pR. 144), re zRMgAra ! (pR. 144), are pathabhraSTa bAdalo ! (pR. 261), he zilpI mahodaya! (pR. 294), Aie svAmin ! (pR. 323), are pApI ! (pR. 372), are matimanda, madAndha, suna ! (pR. 374), are kAtaro, Thaharo!" (pR. 426) / ye sambodhana prasaMga, sambodhita aura sandarbha se mila kara Adara, upekSA, ghRNA, sneha, hatAzA, kAmanA Adi aneka bhAvoM kI abhivyakti itanI sahajatA se karate haiM ki AcAryajI kI abhivyakti kSamatA para acaraja hone lagatA hai aura jo antata: unake prati zraddhAvanata kara detA hai| AcAryajI ne sahaja sampreSaNIyatA ke lie bhASA ke vyAkaraNika niyamoM ko tor3a kara navIna bhASA-prayoga ko bhI sthAna diyA hai / ye navIna prayoga saMracanA ke stara para bhI kie gae haiM, jinheM sarjanAtmaka bhASA adhyayana meM 'vicalana' kahA jAtA hai aura paramparAgata artha se sampRkta zabdoM ko navIna artha sandarbha de kara bhI prayukta kiyA gayA hai| navIna bhASA prayoga 'mUkamATI' ko sarjanA zakti se puSTa karate haiM : "pratikAra kI pAraNA (pR. 12), virAdhanA (pR. 12), kalilatA AtI hai (pR. 13), mur3ana (pR. 29), jur3ana (pR. 29), krudhana (pR. 30), hamArA viyogIkaraNa (pR. 45), phUlana (pR. 94), rauMdana (pR. 113), kahakahAhaTa (pR. 133), ore ha~siyA ! (pR. 133), ha~sana-zIla (pR. 133), badalAhaTa (pR.
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________________ 22 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 140), A~kheM palakatI nahIM haiM (pR. 165), pIlita huA (pR. 356), tuma mATI ke ugAla ho (pR. 365), prakaTatA gayA (pR. 400), jhagajhagAhaTa" (pR. 470) Adi prathama zreNI ke prayoga haiM aura loMdA (pR. 113), akharA (pR. 83), tAra do (pR. 161) / dUsarI zreNI ke / isa prakAra ke nava-prayoga sandarbha meM bar3e hI prabhAvazAlI bana par3e haiN| sUkti kathana 'mUkamATI' kI AtmA hai / inakI saMkhyA bhI kAvya meM bahuta bar3I hai / vAstava meM ye sUktiyA~ AcAryajI ke jIvana darzana ko 'mUkamATI' ke kathA sandarbha se Abaddha kara jJAna aura cintana kA Anandamaya mArga pAThaka ke samakSa prazasta karatI haiN| itanA hI nahIM, ye sUktiyA~ kathAnaka ke prati nirNaya dene, unheM pramANita karane tathA kavi ke gahare mantavyoM ko prasphuTita karane meM bhI sahAyaka haiN| sabhI kA saMgraha yahA~ sambhava nahIM hai, inakA saMkalana alaga se avazya honA cAhie tAki AcAryajI kA garimAmaya cintana sUtra rUpa meM logoM taka pahu~ca sake / kucha sUktiyA~ dekhane mAtra se hI isa anivAryatA kI puSTi ho jAegI : ___"bahanA hI jIvana hai (pR. 2), jaisI saMgati milatI hai/vaisI mati hotI hai (pR.8), asatya kI sahI pahacAna hI/satya kA avadhAna hai (pR. 9), kisI kArya ko sampanna karate samaya/anukUlatA kI pratIkSA karanA/sahI puruSArtha nahIM hai (pR. 13), mIThe dahI se hI nahIM,/khaTTe se bhI/samucita manthana ho/navanIta kA lAbha avazya hotA hai (pR. 13-14), du:kha kI vedanA meM/jaba nyUnatA AtI hai/du:kha bhI sukha-sA lagatA hai (pR. 18), pIr3A kI ati hI/ pIr3A kI iti hai/aura/pIr3A kI iti hI/sukha kA atha hai (pR. 33), vAsanA kA vilAsa/moha hai/dayA kA vikAsa/ mokSa hai (pR. 38), mana kI chA~va meM hI/mAna panapatA hai (pR. 97), sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai,/...jisa ke avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava-sampAdana ho/sahI sAhitya vahI hai (pR. 111), ...jo jIva/apanI jIbha jItatA hai/du:kha rItatA hai usI kA (pR. 116), AsthAvAlI sakriyatA hI/niSThA kahalAtI hai (pR. 120), dAtA ke kaI guNa hote haiM unameM eka guNa viveka bhI hotA hai (pR. 317), 'dhyeya yadi caMcala hogA, to/kuzala dhyAtA kA zAnta mana bhI/caMcala ho uThegA hI'(pR. 369), guNoM meM guNa kRtajJatA hai (pR. 454), ghRta kA dugdha ke rUpa meM/lauTa AnA sambhava hai kyA ?" (pR. 487) / / ___ 'mUkamATI' kI ye sUktiyA~ kathya meM hI lipaTI huI haiN| isameM sandeha nahIM ki ina sUktiyoM meM bhAratIya dharma aura saMskRti ko apane bhItara pacA kara hI AcAryajI ne sahajatA se hamAre samakSa rakha diyA hai / inake dvArA dharma ke donoM rUpa-jIvana zuddhi aura bAhya vyavahAra hamAre bhItara ughar3ate calate haiM / ina sUktiyoM meM kSamA, namratA, satya, saMgharSa Adi jIvanagata guNa bhI piroe hue haiM aura AsthA, arcana, guru satkAra, indriya damana, naitikatA jaise bAhya vyavahAra se sambandhita guNa bhii| sazakta aura sahaja abhivyakti ke lie upamAna aura upameya kA gaThana ati sArthaka sAdhana hai / isase bhAva, anubhUti, vicAra jaise sazarIra pAThaka ke samakSa upasthita ho jAte haiN| 'mUkamATI' meM inakA haTakara prayoga hai arthAt isake pahale isa prakAra kI upameyatA sarjanAtmaka lekhana meM dikhAI nahIM pdd'ii| isa dharAtala para 'mUkamATI' 'naI abhivyakti kI khoja' ke mahatI sRjana karttavya ko bhI nibhAtI parilakSita hotI hai| ina sArthaka prayogoM ko dekheM aura svayaM nirNaya kareM: "khasakhasa ke dAne-sA (pR. 7), bhAI ko bahana-sI (pR. 19), navavivAhitA tanUdarA/ghUghaTa meM se jhA~katI-sI (pR. 30),...kharA bane kaMcana-sA ! (pR. 56), dAdI, dIdI-sI (pR. 62), kUpa-maNDUka-sI (pR. 67), bAlaTI vaha yAnasama (pR. 77), phUla-daloM-sI (pR. 94), cakita cora-sA ! (pR. 95), muktA-motI-sI (pR. 110) surabhi se virahita puSpa-sama (pR. 111), bAla-bhAnu kI bhA~ti (pR. 117), caturI cakavI-sama (pR. 126), candana taru-lipaTI nAgina-sI (pR. 130), jvAlAmukhI-sama (pR. 131), babUla ke ThUTha kI bhA~ti (pR.131),
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 23 bAlaka -sama (pR. 134), gubbAre -sI (pR. 134), nahara kI bhA~ti (pR. 155), ghRta se bharA ghaTa-sA (pR. 165), havA-sI (pR. 211), Adeza-tulya (pR. 211), durdina se ghirA daridra gRhI-sA (pR. 238), jIrNa-jvaragrasita kAyA-sI (pR. 238), muktAtmA-sI (pR. 298), gulAba-sama (pR. 340), TimaTimAte dIpaka-sama (pR. 350), vaNika-sama (pR. 350), dhUla meM gire phUla-sama (pR. 350), sisakate zizu kI taraha (pR. 351), kRSNapakSa ke candramA kI-sI (pR. 351), zAnta-rasa se virahita kavitA-sama (pR. 351), paMchI kI cahaka se vaMcita prabhAtasama (pR. 351), zItala candrikA se rahita rAta-sama (pR. 351), abalA ke bhAla-sama (pR. 352), Adarza gRhasthasama (pR. 369), kulIna-kanyA kI mati-sI (pR. 395), lavaNabhAskara cUraNa-sI (pR. 443), siMha-kaTi-sI" (pR. 443) / dhArmika, dArzanika athavA sAMskRtika kAvya meM saMskRtaniSTha tatsama zabdAvalI ke prayoga kI ora hI lekhaka sAmAnyata: unmukha hotA hai / kAvya meM to aura bhI tatsamonmukhatA hotI hai / parantu AcAryajI ne 'mUkamATI' ke sahaja pravAha meM tatsama ke sAtha dezaja (loka zabda) kA hI prayoga nahIM kiyA balki arabI-phArasI (urdU) zabdAvalI kA bhI khUbasUratI se prayoga kiyA hai| aise prayoga abhivyakti ko aura bhI prakhara banAte haiN| vAstava meM jisa samanvaya aura sAmaMjasya kI carcA 'mUkamATI' dArzanika dharAtala para karatI hai usI samanvaya aura sAmaMjasya kA paricaya vaha zabda cayana meM bhI detI hai : "varanA (pR. 22), Aha (pR. 284), khUna (pR. 131), khUba (pR. 131), qAbU (pR. 131), tez2AbI (pR. 134), sAfa-sAfa (pR. 143), asara (pR. 151), guz2ara (pR. 162), naz2ara (pR. 161), bezaka (pR. 162), mAsUma (pR. 239), duA (pR. 241), javAba (pR. 248), jAnadAra (pR. 267), asaradAra (pR. 267), afasosa (pR. 292), mizAla (misAla) (pR. 369)" Adi isI taraha ke zabda haiN| 'mUkamATI' abhivyakti kI sahajatA kA eka aura nayA mArga apanAtI hai| yaha mArga bhI kAvya sRjana kI prakriyA meM bahuta kama dikhAI detA hai| yaha mArga hai zabdoM ke artha ko unake saMracanAtmaka ghaTakoM dvArA hI vyAkhyAyita karane kA prayAsa athavA zabdoM kA vilakSaNa prayoga karate hue artha kA udghATana / pahale ke udAharaNa svarUpa : "sva kI yAda hI/ sva-dayA hai/viloma-rUpa se bhI/yahI artha nikalatA hai/yAda da'yA' (pR. 38), aura dUsare kA udAharaNa "rAtrI /lambI hotI jA rahI hai" (pa.18). ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| isa prakArake anya udAharaNa bhI dekheM: "saMyama kI rAha calo/rAhI bananA hI to/hIrA bananA hai,/svayaM rAhI zabda hI/viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai-/rAhIhI "rA' (pR. 57), kisalaya.../kisa laya meM (pR. 141), svapna prAyaH niSphala hI hote haiN| ...'sva' yAnI apanA/'' yAnI pAlana-saMrakSaNa/aura/'na' yAnI nahIM (pR. 295), 'ni' yAnI nija meM hI/'yati' yAnI yatana-sthiratA hai/apane meM lIna honA hI niyati hai"(pR. 349)- isa prakAra kI vyAkhyA-paribhASA kA vistRta bhaNDAra hai 'mUkamATI' meM / 'nArI', 'strI kI mahimA 'mUkamATI' meM mukta kaNTha se gAI hai| aise meM 'nArI'(pR. 202), 'kumArI'(pR. 204), 'strI' (pR. 205), 'sutA' (pR. 205), 'duhitA' (pR. 205) ko uparokta prakAra se vyAkhyAyitaparibhASita karate hue 'mUkamATI' naI dizAdRSTi kA sUtrapAta karatI hai| isa prakAra ke prayoga pAThaka ke lie vilakSaNa aura navIna to haiM hI, pAThaka ko AcAryajI kI vizleSaNa kSamatA se bhI paricita karAte haiN| isI kSamatA kA prayoga anuprAsa prayoga meM milatA hai| inheM mUla kAvya se alaga kara nikAlane kA prayAsa to hama kara rahe haiM, anyathA to kAvya ke bhItara ye isa taraha antarbhukta haiM ki yaha socA bhI nahIM jA sakatA ki inheM sAyAsa nirmita kiyA gayA hogaa| ye to abhivyakti ke sahaja pravAha meM anAyAsa pravAhita lagate haiM : "bar3a kA bIja vaha (pR. 7), chilana ke chedoM meM jA (pR. 35), mRdutama marahama/banI jA rahI hai (pR. 35),
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________________ 24 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ... suno, sunAtI hU~/kucha sunane-sunAne kI bAteM (pR. 127), mAsUma mamatA kI mUrti (pR. 239), ... svatantra - saMjJI, ... sarva-saMgoM se mukta "ni: saMga / aMga hI saMgItI - saMgI jisa kA / saMgha - samAja sevI / vAtsalya - pUra vakSasthala ! / ...vaira-virodhI veda-bodhi (pR. 239), ... pathika ho kara bhI / pavana ke pada thame haiM...(pR. 239), kAka-kokila kapotoM meM / cIla - cir3iyA cAtaka - cita meM / bAgha - bher3a-bAja - bakoM meM / ... khaga - kharagozoM-kharoM-khaloM meM / lalita lalAma-lajIla latAoM meM/ parvata - paramonnata... praur3ha pAdapoM au' paudhoM meM / pallava - pAtoM, phala-phUloM meM (pR. 240 ) pApa-pAkhaNDa para prahAra (pR. 243), prazasta puNya (pR. 243), sura-surAtI sulagatI" (pR. 278) Adi / isI prakAra tukAntatA bhI 'mUkamATI' kI abhivyakti ko sahajatA pradAna karatI hai / tukAntatA vya pravAha ke sAtha bhAvoM ke pravAha ko bhI niyantrita karatI aura sAdhatI calatI hai : . "nizA - uSA (pR. 1), avasAna - zAna (pR. 1), sukha - du:kha (pR. 4), muktA - yuktA (pR. 4), iti - cyuti (pR. 5), karo-haro (pR. 5), zAsvata - bhAsvata (pR. 7), AsthA - vAstA - rAstA - zAstA (pR. 9), pAraNA-dhAraNA (pR. 12), ArAdhanA -virAdhanA (pR. 12), osa - hoza-joza-toSa - roSa- doSa- koSa (pR. 21), ghisAI - saphAI (pR. 24), oMkAra ko namana - ahaMkAra kA vamana (pR. 28), daraza - parasa - haraSa (pR. 44), prasaMga - raMga-aMga-DhaMga (pR. 47), avarodhaka-udbodhaka- atizoSaka- paripoSaka (pR. 52), sara adha-phaTA - kara adha-kaTA (pR. 95 ), moha kyA balA hai - mokSa kyA kalA hai ? (pR. 109), mAdhurya - cAturya (pR. 109), dUra-cUra (pR. 115), lahara - jahara (pR. 115), prakRti- AkRti - vikRti (pR. 123), lakha-parakha (pR. 134), ghAma-dhAma - AyAma (pR. 140), manojaoja (pR. 140), rAga-parAga (pR. 141), du: svara - susvara - nazvara (pR. 143), sadaya - adaya - abhaya - sabhaya (pR. 149), aMkana-mUlyAMkana-vAMchana-lAMchana (pR. 149), cetana kA patana - cetana kA jatana (pR. 162), bhramaNa-ramaNa (pR. 162), guz2ara-naz2ara (pR. 162), oTa - coTa - khoTa-ghoTa (pR. 165), kRti - saMskRti - jAgRta - AkRta (pR. 245), phUla - zUlamUla-cUla (pR. 257), zaraNa-varaNa - bharaNa-caraNa- saMcaraNa karaNa-saMskaraNa (pR. 263), jAga-bhAga-rAga- parAga (pR. 263), kSudhA-sudhA, maMgala-jaMgala (pR. 263), mati-yati (pR. 263), palaka - pulaka- lalaka - jhalaka (pR. 264), vidita-mudita (pR. 278), hameM cakha lo, tuma - hameM chU lo, tuma - hameM sU~gha lo, tuma (pR. 329),dAha kA roga - Aha kA yoga - cAha kA bhoga" (pR. 390 ) / zrI lakSmIcandra jI jaina kA yaha kathana sarvathA upayukta hI hai : "kAvya kI dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' meM zabdAlaMkAra aura arthAlaMkAroM kI chaTA nae sandarbhoM meM mohaka hai / ... 'mUkamATI' meM kavitA kA antaraMga svarUpa pratibimbita hai|" yahA~ maiM itanA aura jor3anA cAhU~gA ki 'mUkamATI' kAvya bhAratIya saMskRti ke dviviruddha bhAvoM ke samanvaya ko lekara calatI hai| pratyakSa jIvana aura parokSa jIvana, bandhana- mokSa, ihaloka - paraloka, zarIra-AtmA, gRhastha- saMnyAsa, saMcayatyAga, karma - jJAna- ye sabhI kAvya meM sahaja aura pratIkAtmaka DhaMga se vyakta hue haiM / kavi ne lagatA hai dharma kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai athavA usakA svayaM anubhava kiyA hai| dharma, apane sImita sAmpradAyika artha meM nahIM 'dhAraNAtmaka tattva ke vAcaka zabda' ke rUpa meM hai / dharma kI itanI sahaja vyAkhyA 'mUkamATI' meM tabhI sambhava huI hai jaba isake kathya kI jaTilatA abhivyakti kI sahajatA ke mAdhyama se vyakta kiyA gayA hai / sambhavataH yahI isa kAvya kA lakSya aura abhipreta bhI hai tathA yahI isakI saphalatA kA mUla kAraNa bhI banA hai / pRSTha 193 tapAdhi vicAra kareM to unakA svabhAva to tulanA hai|
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________________ hRdayagrAhI kAvya : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. kailAza candra bhATiyA AcAryapravara santa vidyAsAgarajI kAvya pratibhA ke dhanI haiM jinakI lekhanI se 'mATI' ko kendrabindu meM rakhakara kAvya kA tAnA-bAnA bunA gayA hai / 'mATI' jaisA nirIha padArtha durlabha hai jisako kAvya evaM adhyAtma meM avagAhana karane ke lie pavitra ghaTa kI sRSTi kI gii| prastavana' meM likhe zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ke isa vAkya ko uddhRta karanA cAhatA hU~: "...mATI kI tucchatA meM carama bhavyatA ke darzana karake usakI vizuddhatA ke upakrama ko mukti kI maMgala-yAtrA ke rUpaka meM DhAlanA kavitA ko adhyAtma ke sAtha a-bheda kI sthiti meM pahu~cAnA hai|" vaha mATI tuccha hI nahIM pada-dalita hai / mA~ se svIkAra karatI hai : "svayaM patitA hU~/aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se, ''adhama pApiyoM se/pada-dalitA hU~ mA~ !" (pR. 4) aura mA~ hI saba kucha pradAna kara sakatI hai, ata: mA~ se mATI kahatI hai : "pada do, patha do/pAtheya bhI do mA~ !" (pR. 5) prastuta mahAkAvya ke cAra khaNDa haiN| prathama khaNDa-'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' ke antargata kaMkaroM se mizrita mATI ko usake mUla svarUpa meM lAne kI bAta kahI gaI hai jisase vaha apanA komala varNa prApta kara sake / hara padArtha apane maulika svarUpa meM A jAe, yahI dharmamArga hai / isa khaNDa ke mAdhyama se kavi ne kucha sandeza die haiM : motI-nirmANa ke sandarbha meM : "jaisI saMgati milatI hai/vaisI mati hotI hai/mati jaisI, agrima gati milatI jAtI "milatI jaatii"|" (pR.8) AsthA kA jIvana meM mahattva : "AsthA ke binA rAstA nahIM/mUla ke binA cUla nhiiN|" (pR. 10) isI khaNDa meM 'sampreSaNa' ke mahattva ko bhI pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai : "pathika kI/ahiMsaka pagatalI se/sampreSaNa pravAhita hotA hai ...sampreSaNa meM/nikhAra AtA hai / " (pR.22) phalataH niSkarSa nikalatA hai : "sampreSaNa vaha khAda hai/jisase, ki/sadbhAvoM kI paudha/puSTa-sampuSTa hotI hai ullAsa pAtI hai;/sampreSaNa vaha svAda hai;/jisase ki/tattvoM kA bodha tuSTa-santuSTa hotA hai/prakAza pAtA hai|" (pR.23) kucha sUktiyA~ bhI isameM haiM : 0 "artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sktiiN|" (pR. 192)
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________________ 26 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 0 "saMyama kI rAha calo/rAhI bananA hI to/hIrA bananA hai|" (pR. 56-57) 0 "nIra kA kSIra bananA hI/varNa-lAbha hai,/varadAna hai / " (pR. 49) dUsarA khaNDa zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM - sahI dizA meM zabda, bodha aura zodha ko prasthApita karatA hai, jo kramaza: paryAya bana gae haiM - zraddhA, jJAna evaM cAritra ke / kavi ke anusAra : 0 "zabdoM ke paudhoM para/sugandha makaranda-bhare/bodha ke phUla kabhI mahakate nahIM, ...bodha kA phUla jaba/DhalatA-badalatA, jisameM/vaha pakva phala hI to zodha kahalAtA hai|/bodh meM AkulatA palatI hai zodha meM nirAkulatA phalatI hai|"(pR. 106-107) ___ "kAla svayaM cakra nahIM hai/saMsAra-cakra kA cAlaka hotA hai vh|" (pR. 161) yahI cakra kulAla ke pAsa sAna bana jAtA hai : "kulAla-cakra yaha, vaha sAna hai/jisa para jIvana car3hakara anupama pahaluoM se nikhara AtA hai, pAvana jIvana kI aba zAna kA kAraNa hai|" (pR. 162) ___ 'hI' aura 'bhI' vyAkaraNa meM nipAta mAtra haiM jabaki tattvavettA dArzanika manISI AcArya vidyAsAgara kI dRSTi 0 " 'hI' ekAntavAda kA samarthaka hai 'bhI' anekAnta, syAdvAda kA prtiik|" (pR. 172) " 'hI' dekhatA hai hIna dRSTi se para ko 'bhI' dekhatA hai samIcIna dRSTi se saba ko, 'hI' vastu kI zakla ko hI pakar3atA hai 'bhI' vastu ke bhItarI bhAga ko bhI chUtA hai, 'hI' pazcimI-sabhyatA hai/'bhI' hai bhAratIya saMskRti, bhaagy-vidhaataa|" (pR. 173) tIsare khaNDa 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' ke antargata zubha kAryoM ke sampAdana, lokahita evaM Atmahita ke lie kie gae prayatnoM ke mahattva ko pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai / "artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatIM kI carcA kI jA cukI hai| kucha anya sandeza haiM : "jala ko jar3atva se mukta kara/muktA-phala banAnA, patana ke garta se nikAla kara/uttuMga-utthAna para dharanA, dhRti-dhAriNI dharA kA dhyeya hai|" (pR. 193) kumbha ke dvArA 'darzana' ko vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai : "jala aura jvalanazIla anala meM/antara zeSa rahatA hI nahIM sAdhaka kI antara-dRSTi meN|/nirntr sAdhanA kI yAtrA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 27 0 bheda se abheda kI ora/veda se aveda kI ora bar3hatI hai, bar3hanI hI caahie|" (pR. 267) cauthe khaNDa - 'agni' kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' meM kathA-zilpa kA adbhuta vistAra hai| isa khaNDa meM kavi, kathAkAra aura sarvopari santa kI apUrva anubhUtiyoM kA saMgama hai / prakArAntara se yugIna paristhitiyoM kA pratibimba hI hai, jaise: . "prAya: aparAdhI-jana baca jAte/niraparAdha hI piTa jaate|" (pR. 271) 0 "ise hama gaNatantra kaise kaheM ?/yaha to zuddha 'dhanatantra' hai yA/manamAnA 'tantra' hai !" (pR. 271) 0 "vastuoM ke vyavasAya,/lena-dena mAtra se unakI sahI-sahI parakha nahIM hotI/arthonmukhI-dRSTi hone se|" (pR. 304) "prazasta AcAra-vicAra vAloM kA/jIvana hI samAjavAda hai|" (pR. 461) laghu hote hue bhI dIpaka kA mahattva hai : "dIpaka saMyamazIla hotA hai/...mitavyayI hai dIpaka ! kitanA niyamita, kitanA nirIha !/choTA-sA bAlaka bhI apane komala karoM meM/mazAla ko nahIM,/dIpaka le cala sakatA hai prema se| mazAla kI apekSA/adhika prakAzaprada hai yh| /...aura/mATI kA kumbha hai patha-pradarzaka dIpa- smaan|" (pR. 369 se 371) AtaMkavAda kyoM panapatA hai : 0 "yaha bAta nizcita hai ki/mAna ko TIsa pahu~cane se hI, AtaMkavAda kA avatAra hotA hai |/ati-possnn yA atizoSaNa kA bhI yahI pariNAma hotA hai|" (pR. 418) "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI/dharatI yh|" (pR. 441) AcArya vidyAsAgara to zabdoM ke jAdUgara haiN| unake dvArA viloma mAtra se aneka zabdoM ke artha spaSTa kie gae dayA : kharA: nadI : "sva kI yAda hI/sva-dayA hai/viloma-rUpa se bhI yahI artha nikalatA hai/yA "da "dayA / " (pR. 38) "rAkha bane binA/kharA-darzana kahA~ ?/rA'"kha"kha"rA!" (pR. 57) "na"dIdI"na !/jala se vihIna ho dInatA kA anubhava karatI hai ndii|" (pR. 178) " nAlI "lI "nA/lInA huI jA rahI hai dharatI meM lajjA ke kaarnn|" (pR. 178) / "ca "ra"Na 'nara'ca/caraNa ko chor3a kara nAlI : caraNa:
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________________ 28 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kahIM anyatra kabhI bhI/na raca ! na raca ! na raca!" (pR. 359) dharatI: "dharatI tIra"/yAnI,/jo tIra ko dhAraNa karatI hai yA zaraNAgata ko/tIra para dharatI hai/vahI dharatI kahalAtI hai !" (pR. 452) dharaNI : "dharaNI nIra"dha/nIra ko dhAraNa kare so 'dharaNI nIra kA pAlana kare so"dharaNI!" (pra. 453) bhASA vijJAna meM jo 'saMgama' (jaMkcara) hai usakI sahAyatA se aneka zabdoM ko hRdayaMgama karAyA gayA hai : AdamI: "AdamI vahI hai/jo yathA-yogya/sahI AdamI hai|" (pR. 64) kRpANa: "hama haiM kRpANa/hama meM kRpA na !" (pR. 73) kAmanA: "yahI merI kAmanA hai/ki/AgAmI chorahIna kAla meM basa isa ghaTa meM/kAma nA rahe !" (pR. 77) zItalatA: "merI sparzA para Aja |/hrssaa kI varSA kI hai/terI zItalatA ne / mA~ ! zIta-latA ho tuma/sAkSAt zivAyanI!" (pR. 85) kisalaya : "kisalaya ye kisalie/kisa laya meM gIta gAte haiM ?" (pR. 141) kAyaratA: "mana ke gulAma mAnava kI/jo kAmavRtti hai| tAmasatA kAya-ratA hai/vahI sahI mAyane meM/bhItarI kAyaratA hai !" (pR. 94) aneka zabdoM ko vyutpatti se spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / yaha vyutpatti kahIM nirukta para AdhArita hai aura kahIM lokanirukti para / sudhI vidvAn zrI lakSmIcandrajI ne 'prastavana' meM 'kumbhakAra', 'gadhA', 'nArI', 'sutA', 'duhitA', 'strI', 'abalA' zabdoM kI ora saMketa bhI kiyA hai / kucha aura zabda bhI lie jA sakate haiM : kalA : " 'ka' yAnI AtmA-sukha hai/'lA' yAnI lAnA-detA hai/koI bhI kalA ho kalA mAtra se jIvana meM sukha-zAnti-sampannatA AtI hai|" (pR. 396) vaikharI: " 'vai' yAnI nizcaya se/ kharI' yAnI saccI hai|" (pR. 403) samUha: "sama-samIcIna Uha-vicAra hai/jo sadAcAra kI nIMva hai|" (pR. 461) sthAna-sthAna para alaMkAroM kI chaTA, cuTIle kathopakathana, pAtroM kA sajIva citraNa, zabdoM kI AtmA kA darzana 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ko gata zatAbdI ke antima dazaka kA hRdayagrAhI kAvya siddha karatA hai / isa apratima mahAkAvya se jo jIvana dRSTi milatI hai, vaha anupama hai / AcAryapravara ne kAvya ke mAdhyama se adhyAtma-darzana meM praveza karAyA hai| pRSTha236.230 lo. vicAroM meM samAnatA-.. ---AkulatA karanI badI hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : eka adhyayana DaoN. jagamohana mizra 'mUkamATI' eka mahat-kAvya hai / mahat zabda kA prayoga maiM sAbhiprAya kara rahA hU~,kyoMki mahA zabda kA prayoga kara 'mahAkAvya' kI pAramparika avadhAraNA se 'mUkamATI' ko maiM dUra rakhanA cAhatA hU~ / mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM ko parigaNita kara unake AdhAra para 'mUkamATI' ko parakhanA athavA mahAkAvya ke avayavoM ke AdhAra para 'mUkamATI' kA mUlyAMkana karanA athavA mahAkAvya ke prakAroM ko nirdhArita kara 'mUkamATI' kI prakAra-koTi darzAnA 'mUkamATI' ke sAtha nyAya karanA nahIM hogaa| kRtikAra AcArya vidyAsAgara ne 'mUkamATI' ko mAtra kRti kI saMjJA dI hai : "aise hI kucha mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana hetu isa kRti kA sRjana huA hai"('mAnasa-taraMga', pRSTha xxIv) / AvaraNa pRSTha meM 'mUkamATI' ke sAtha mahAkAvya zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA gayA / hA~, bhItara ke zIrSaka pRSTha para koSThaka meM 'mUkamATI' ke nIce mahAkAvya avazya likhA hai, jise hama cAheM to par3heM, cAhe na pddh'eN| parimANa kI dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' lagabhaga 500 pRSThoM kA kAvya hai / ina pRSThoM meM dArzanika santa kI sAdhanA mukharita ho uThI hai, unakI AtmA ke saMgIta haiM- ye pRSTha aura haiM- unakI dArzanika anubhUti kI abhivyakti / AcArya vidyAsAgara vicAraka santa haiN| prakRti aura puruSa ke sandarbha meM, jIvana aura jagat ke sambandha meM, AtmA aura paramAtmA ke viSaya meM, sva aura para ke bAre meM, vyakti aura samAja kI dRSTi se unhoMne tila-tila jo kucha socAvicArA hai, gunA aura bunA hai, use muTThI bhara-bharakara bikherA hai| 'mUkamATI' ko santa kavi ne cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai, jo nimna haiM khaNDa eka- 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha'; khaNDa do- 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM'; khaNDa tIna- 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana'; khaNDa cAra- 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha / ' prathama khaNDa-saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha ___prathama khaNDa meM kavi ne mATI kI prAthamika dazA ke parizodhana kI carcA kI hai, jahA~ mATI apane hRdaya kI bAta mA~ dharatI ke sammukha karatI huI kahatI hai : "isa paryAya kI/iti kaba hogI ?/isa kAyA kI/cyuti kaba hogI ? batA do, mA~...ise !/...kucha upAya karo mA~ !/khuda apAya haro mA~ !"(pR.5) kumbhakAra mATI kA uddhAra karatA hai / vaha mATI ko maMgala ghaTa kA rUpa denA cAhatA hai| pahale vaha mATI ko khodatA hai, tAki kUTa-chAnakara usameM se kaMkaroM ko haTA sake / mATI abhI varNa saMkara hai kyoMki vaha kaMkara Adi bemela tattvoM se samanvita hai aura use maulika svarUpa tabhI prApta ho sakegA jaba vaha usameM A mile tattvoM se dUra ho skegii| kavi kA kathana hai: 0 "isa prasaMga se/varNa kA Azaya/na raMga se hai/na hI aMga se/varan cAla-caraNa, DhaMga se hai |/yaanii !/jise apanAyA hai/use/jisane apanAyA hai usake anurUpa/apane guNa-dharma-/"rUpa-svarUpa ko/parivartita karanA hogA varanA/varNa-saMkara-doSa ko/varanA hogA!" (pR. 47-48) "kevala/varNa-raMga kI apekSA/gAya kA kSIra bhI dhavala hai Aka kA kSIra bhI dhavala hai/donoM Upara se vimala haiM/parantu
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________________ 30 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA paraspara unheM milAte hI/vikAra utpanna hotA hai -kSIra phaTa jAtA hai pIra bana jAtA hai vaha !/nIra kA kSIra bananA hI/varNa-lAbha hai, varadAna hai / aura/kSIra kA phaTa jAnA hI/varNa-saMkara hai/abhizApa hai|" (pR.48-49) mATI ko bhigone ke lie jala kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| jala bAlaTI aura rassI ke mAdhyama se, kue~ se nikAlA jAtA hai / rassI meM par3I gA~Tha ko rasanA aura dA~ta milakara dUra karate haiM / rasanA rassI ko upadeza detI huI kahatI hai : "granthi hiMsA kI sampAdikA hai aura nirgrantha-dazA meM hI/ahiMsA palatI hai|" (pR. 64) jala ke sAtha bAlaTI meM eka machalI bhI A jAtI hai| mAnoM vaha mokSa yAtrA meM nikalI ho / bAhara Akara machalI mATI ke caraNoM meM jA giratI hai / vaha mATI se bodha evaM sallekhanA kI yAcanA karatI hai| mATI kahatI hai : "sallekhanA, yAnI/kAya aura kaSAya ko/kRza karanA hotA hai, beTA ! ...miTatI-kAyA meM/milatI-mAyA meM/mlAna-mukhI aura mudita-mukhI nahIM honA hI/sahI sallekhanA hai...|" (pR. 87) tatpazcAt mATI kumbhakAra ko nirdeza detI hai ki machalI ko surakSApUrvaka kUpa meM pahu~cA diyA jAya / vaisA hI kiyA jAtA hai / kUpa meM eka dhvani gUMjatI hai : "dayAvisuddho dhmmo|" (pR. 88) dvitIya khaNDa-zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM kuMkuma-sama mATI meM nirmala jala milAyA jAtA hai / mATI prasanna hai / usakA rUkhApana dUra ho gayA hai / usameM cikanAhaTa bhara gaI hai| vahIM eka kA~TA bhI hai, jisakA mAthA mATI khodate samaya phaTa cukA thaa| vaha zilpI se badalA lenA cAhatA hai / mATI use samajhAtI hai : "badale kA bhAva vaha dala-dala hai/ki jisameM/bar3e-bar3e baila hI kyA, bala-zAlI gaja-dala taka/burI taraha phaMsa jAte haiN|" (pR. 97) / - kA~TA taba mATI se kahatA hai ki phUla aura vaha sAtha-sAtha khilate haiM, para yaha kahA~ kA nyAya hai ki phUloM ke prazasti ke gIta gAe jAte haiM aura zUloM ko tiraskRta kiyA jAtA hai| 'mUkamATI' kA zUla kahatA hai : "dizA-sUcaka yantroM/aura/samaya-sUcaka yantroM-ghar3iyoM meM kA~Te kA astitva kyoM ?/yaha bAta bhI hama nahIM bhUleM,/kighana-ghamaNDa se bhare huoM/kI uddaNDatA dUra karane daNDa-saMhitA kI vyavasthA hotI hai / " (pR. 104) isI prasaMga meM kavi ne bodha aura zodha kI bAta bhI kI hai / vaha likhatA hai : "bodha ke siMcana binA/zabdoM ke paudhe ye kabhI lahalahAte nahIM,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 31 yaha bhI satya hai ki/zabdoM ke paudhoM para/sugandha makaranda-bhare bodha ke phUla kabhI mahakate nahIM,/phira !/saMvedya-svAdya phaloM ke dala dolAyita kahA~ aura kaba hoMge? ...bodha kA phUla jaba/DhalatA-badalatA, jisameM vaha pakva phala hI to/zodha kahalAtA hai|" (pR. 106-107) zilpI gIlI mATI ko rauMdatA hai| isI prasaMga meM kavi AsthA, niSThA, pratiSThA aura saMsthA kI vyAkhyA karatA hai tathA yaha spaSTa karatA hai ki puruSa kA cetana para, cetana kA mana para, mana kA karaNa-gaNa para, karaNa-gaNa kA tana para zAsana ho para tana sadaiva zAsita hI rahe / isI sarga meM vicAraka kavi vibhinna rasoM kI vyAkhyA karatA hai, kumbha para citrita 9 tathA 99 aMkoM kI viziSTatAe~ darzAtA hai tathA 63 kA vAstavika aura 36 kA viparIta bhAva batAtA hai / siMha aura zvAna kI prakRti kI carcA karatA huA vaha kahatA hai : "zvAna sabhyatA-saMskRti kI/isIlie nindA hotI hai ki/vaha apanI jAti ko dekha kara/dharatI khodatA, gurrAtA hai| siMha apanI jAti meM milakara jItA hai, rAjA kI vRtti aisI hI hotI hai |/honii bhI caahie|" (pR. 171) kachuvA aura kharagoza kI daur3a kI carcA bhI kavi karatA hai / 'hI' tathA 'bhI' ke antara ko spaSTa karate hue kavi kA kathana hai : "hama hI saba kucha haiM/yU~ kahatA hai 'hI' sadA, tuma to tuccha, kucha nahIM ho !/aura,/'bhI' kA kahanA hai ki hama bhI haiM tuma bhI ho/saba kucha !.../'hI' pazcimI-sabhyatA hai 'bhI' hai bhAratIya saMskRti, bhaagy-vidhaataa|" (pR. 172-173) isa prasaMga meM santa kavi rAma-rAvaNa ke udAharaNa ko detA huA likhatA hai : __"rAvaNa thA 'hI' kA upAsaka/rAma ke bhItara 'bhI' baiThA thaa|"(pR. 173) nirmita kumbha aba agni meM pakAe jAne ke lie taiyAra hai| tRtIya khaNDa-puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana isa khaNDa meM mATI kI vikAsa-kathA ke mAdhyama se puNya karma ke sampAdana se utpanna upalabdhi kA citraNa hai| kavi dharatI evaM sAgara kI viziSTatAe~ darzAtA hai| dharA kA dhyeya hai dhairya dhAraNa karanA (pR.7, 190) / udhara, "sAgara meM paropakAriNI buddhi kA abhAva hai" (pR. 199) / Age calakara kavi nArI, mahilA, abalA, kumArI, strI, duhitA, mAtR, aMganA Adi zabdoM kI vyAkhyA karatA hai| kumbhakAra kI anupasthiti meM usake prAMgaNa meM muktA kI varSA hotI hai| loga Azcarya meM DUba jAte haiN| rAjA taka bAta pahu~catI hai / rAjA apane karmacAriyoM ko lekara kumbhakAra ke prAMgaNa meM pahu~catA hai / muktA rAzi ko boriyoM meM bharA jAne lagatA hai| tabhI AkAza se garjanA hotI hai ki yaha anartha hai / muktAoM ko chUne vAloM ke hAthoM meM mAnoM bicchU ke DaMka-se cubhane lagate haiN| rAjA ko lagatA hai ki vaha kisI mantra zakti dvArA kIlita kara diyA gayA hai| tabhI kumbhakAra AtA hai / vaha Izvara se prArthanA karatA hai ki rAjA karmacAriyoM sahita
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________________ 32 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA mUrchAvihIna hoN| sabakI mUrchA dUra ho jAtI hai / kumbhakAra apane hAthoM muktAoM ko boriyoM meM bharatA hai aura rAjA se nivedana karatA hai : "he kRpANa-pANi kRpAprANa !/kRpApAtra para kRpA karo yaha nidhi svIkAra kara/isa para upakAra karo !" (pR. 220) dharatI kI kIrti dekhakara sAgara ko kSobha hotA hai / sAgara ke kSobha kA pratipakSI hai bar3avAnala / sAgara pRthvI para pralaya lAnA cAhatA hai, isIlie vaha tIna ghana bAdaloM ko Amantrita karatA hai| ye bAdala haiM-kRSNa, nIla evaM kApota raMga ke bAdala / ye bhI jaba saphala nahIM hote to sAgara rAhu kA AhvAna karatA hai / sUryagrahaNa hotA hai, indra dvArA meghoM para vajraprahAra kiyA jAtA hai / oloM kI varSA hotI hai aura bhayaMkara, pralayaMkara dRzya sAmane ubharatA hai : "Upara aNu kI zakti kAma kara rahI hai/to idhara''nIce manu kI zakti vidyamAna !/Upara yantra hai, ghumar3a rahA hai/nIce mantra hai, gunagunA rahA hai eka mAraka hai/eka tAraka;/eka vijJAna hai/jisakI AjIvikA tarkaNA hai, eka AsthA hai/jise AjIvikA kI cintA nhiiN|" (pR. 249) "jala aura jvalanazIla anala meM/antara zeSa rahatA hI nahIM sAdhaka kI antara-dRSTi meN|/nirntr sAdhanA kI yAtrA bheda se abheda kI ora/veda se aveda kI ora bar3hatI hai, bar3hanI hI cAhie/anyathA,/vaha yAtrA nAma kI hai yAtrA kI zurUAta abhI nahIM huI hai|" (pR. 267) caturtha khaNDa-agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha caturtha khaNDa apekSAkRta vistRta phalaka lie hue hai / aneka kathA-prasaMga isameM samAe hue haiM / kumbhakAra kumbha ko pakAne ke lie ave kA nirmANa karatA hai / aneka prakAra kI lakar3iyA~ usameM niyojita kI jAtI haiN| babUla kI lakar3I apanI antarvedanA kumbhakAra se vyakta karatI hai / isa prasaMga meM Adhunika gaNatantra kI visaMgati ko bhI vyakta kiyA gayA hai: "kabhI-kabhI hama banAI jAtI/kar3I se aura kar3I char3I aparAdhiyoM kI piTAI ke lie|/praay: aparAdhI-jana baca jAte niraparAdha hI piTa jAte,/aura unheM/pITate-pITate TUTatI hama ise hama gaNatantra kaise kaheM ?/yaha to zuddha 'dhanatantra' hai yA/manamAnA 'tantra' hai !" (pR. 271) avA meM tapatA apakva kumbha kumbhakAra se kahatA hai : "mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI/mujhe jilAnA hai/sva-para doSoM ko jalAnA parama-dharma mAnA hai santoM ne |/doss ajIva haiM,/naimittika haiM, bAhara se Agata haiM kathaMcit;/guNa jIvagata haiM,/guNa kA svAgata hai| ...mujha meM jala-dhAraNa karane kI zakti hai/jo tumhArI pratIkSA kara rahI hai,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 33 usakI pUrI abhivyakti meM / tumhArA sahayoga anivArya hai / " (pR. 277) avA meM kumbha kaI dinoM taka tapatA hai| kumbhakAra retila rAkha kI rAzi ko phAvar3e se haTAtA hai| use kumbha ke darzana hote haiM / kumbha ke aMga-aMga se saMgIta kI taraMga nikala rahI hai| isI bIca nagara ke eka zraddhAlu seTha kA sevaka guru nimitta jala ke AhAra dAna tathA pAda- prakSAlana hetu kumbha ko lene A pahu~catA hai / agni parIkSA ke pazcAt bhI kI puna: parIkSA lI jAtI hai / sevaka kumbha ko sAta bAra bajAtA hai aura usase sAta svara dhvanita hote haiMsAregamapadhaniH kumbha 1 "sA M"re'"ga'"ma yAnI / sabhI prakAra ke du:kha padha yAnI ! pada - svabhAva / aura / ni yAnI nahIM, du:kha AtmA kA svabhAva-dharma nahIM ho sakatA / " (pR. 305 ) isI prasaMga meM kavi mRdaMga kI carcA karatA hai| mRdaMga ke bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke bola prakRti aura puruSa ke bheda khola dete haiN| kavi likhate haiM : 'dhAdhin dhindhA dhA dhina dhindhA vetana - bhinnA cetana - bhinnA, / tAtina tina tA tA. tina tina tA / kA tana cintA, kA tana" cintA ?" (pR.306) ... .. 1 kumbhakAra ghaTa kA mUlya nahIM letA / seTha kumbha kA zRMgAra candana, kesara, haldI aura kuMkuma se karatA hai| mukha para pAna aura zrIphala rakhatA hai aura aSTakonI candana kI caukI para kumbha ko sthApita karatA hai| tabhI eka atithi santa Ate haiM / ve mATI ke ghaTa se hI AhAra prApta karate haiM / santa samAgama kI mahattA darzAte hue kavi likhate haiM : " santa samAgama kI yahI to sArthakatA hai / saMsAra kA anta dikhane lagatA hai, samAgama karane vAlA bhale hI / turanta santa- saMyata / bane yA na bane isameM koI niyama nahIM hai, / kintu vaha / santoSI avazya banatA hai|" (pR. 352) isa sarga meM kavi kA cintana bola rahA hai| pUjA-arcanA ke upakaraNa sajIva ho vArtAlApa karate haiM / svarNa kI carcA karate hue santa kavi likhate haiM : " paratantra jIvana kI AdhAra zilA ho tuma, / pU~jIvAda ke abhedya durgama kilA ho tuma / aura / azAnti ke antahIna silasilA !" (pR. 366) svarNa kalaza ko du:kha hai ki use atithi kI sevA se vaMcita rahanA pdd'aa| isa apamAna kA badalA lene ke lie vaha eka AtaMkavAdI dala kA AhvAna karatA hai / yaha dala seTha ke parivAra ko itanA kaSTa pahu~cAtA hai ki trAhi-trAhi maca jAtI hai| seTha aura usake parivAra kI rakSA prakRti evaM manuSyetara zaktiyA~ karatI haiN| gaja aura nAga-nAginiyA~ AtaMkiyoM ko dUra rakhane kA prayatna karatI haiN| isI prasaMga meM matkuNa sAmAjika bodha detA huA kahatA hai : " pANigrahaNa saMskAra ko / dhArmika saMskRti kA saMrakSaka evaM unnAyaka mAnA hai / / parantu kheda hai ki
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________________ 34 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA lobhI pApI mAnava/pANigrahaNa ko bhI/prANa-grahaNa kA rUpa dete haiN| prAya: anucita rUpa se/sevakoM se sevA lete/aura vetana kA vitaraNa bhI anucita hii|/ye apane ko batAte manu kI santAna !/mahAmanA mAnava !/dene kA nAma sunate hI inake udAra hAthoM meM/pakSAghAta ke lakSaNa dikhane lagate haiM, phira bhI, ekAdha bUMda ke rUpa meM/jo kucha diyA jAtA/yA denA par3atA vaha durbhAvanA ke sAtha hii|" (pR. 386-387) matkuNa seTha se bhI kahatA hai : "sUkhA pralobhana mata diyA karo/svAzrita jIvana jiyA karo, kapaTatA kI paTutA ko/jalAMjali do !/gurutA kI janikA laghutA ko zraddhAMjali do !/zAlInatA kI vizAlatA meM/AkAza samA jAya aura/jIvana udAratA kA udAharaNa bane !" (pR. 387-388) anta meM AtaMkavAda parAsta hotA hai aura vaha sanmArga para A jAtA hai| AtaMkavAdI dala pASANa phalaka para AsIna sAdhu kI pradakSiNA karatA hai, use praNAma karatA hai, aura kahatA hai : "he svAmin !/samagra saMsAra hI/duHkha se bharapUra hai yahA~ sukha hai, para vaiSayika/aura vaha bhI kSaNika ! yaha"to'anubhUta huA hameM, parantu/akSaya sukha para vizvAsa ho nahIM rahA hai;/hA~ hA~ !! yadi avinazvara sukha pAne ke bAda/Apa svayaM usa sukha ko hameM dikhA sako/yA/usa viSaya meM apanA anubhava batA sako/"to/sambhava hai/hama bhI Azvasta ho Apa-jaisI sAdhanA ko/jIvana meM apanA skeN|" (pR. 484-485) AtmA kA uddhAra puruSArtha se hI hotA hai aura paramAtma tattva prApta karane para AtmA ko jo sukha prApta hotA hai, vaha anirvacanIya hotA hai / tabhI jIva ke AvAgamana kA krama miTa jAtA hai / sAdhu ke zabdoM meM : "bandhana rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA/AmUla miTa jAnA hI/mokSa hai| isI kI zuddha-dazA meM/avinazvara sukha hotA hai/jise/prApta hone ke bAda, yahA~ /saMsAra meM AnA kaise sambhava hai/tuma hI batAo !" (pR. 486-487) guru ko AcaraNa kI dRSTi se dekhane para usakI sahI pahacAna hotI hai / guru kA kathana bhI hai : "isIlie ina/zabdoM para vizvAsa lAo,/hA~, hA~ !! vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI/avazya milegI/magara mArga meM nahIM, maMjila para !/aura/mahA-mauna meM/DUbate hue santa. aura mAhaula ko/animeSa nihaartii-sii/"muukmaattii|" (pR. 488)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 35 kathAvastu kA vizleSaNa mUkamATI kI kathA santa kavi kI taraha sarala, sIdhI hai / saritA taTa para sukha muktA, du:kha yuktA, tiraskRta tyaktA mATI mUka hokara par3I hai| mA~ dharatI se pada mA~gatI hai, patha mA~gatI hai, pAtheya mA~gatI hai tAki vaha apane jIvana ko sArthaka banA sake / dharatI usakI prArthanA sunatI hai aura para - hitArtha uddhAra kI yojanA banAtI hai / yahI kathA kA prArambha hai| kumbhakAra miTTI khodatA hai, use gadahe para lAda kara ghara le jAtA hai| pAnI se bhigokara use gIlI banAtA hai / patthara-kaMkaroM se use mukta karatA hai aura ghaTa kA rUpa detA hai / kathA kA yaha vikAsa hai / kathAvastu ke isa vikAsa ke sAtha hI mATI kI vikAsa kathA bhI gu~thI huI hai| kumbhakAra ke prAMgaNa meM motiyoM kI varSA ghaTa kI mahattA siddha karatI hai| sAdhaka jaba sAdhanA patha para bar3hatA hai taba use aneka kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai kintu gantavya kA nizcaya ho jAne para use IzvarIya sahAyatA bhI prApta hotI calatI hai| kumbha ko Aga meM pakAyA jAtA hai| vaha utkRSTa rUpAkAra prApta karatA hai / usake doSa jala cuke haiM / sadguNa usameM praveza kara cuke haiN| vaha nagara seTha ke yahA~ atithi ke AhAradAna hetu lAyA jAtA hai jahA~ atithi sAdhu usake mAdhyama se AhAra dAna prApta kara tRpta hotA hai / kathAvastu kI yaha carama sImA hai| sAdhaka brahma ke sAnnidhya ke lie sAdhanA dvArA pUrNarUpeNa taiyAra ho cukA hai| usake avaguNa samApta ho cuke haiN| vaha yogya bana cukA hai| tabhI AtaMkavAda kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai ghaTa ko / AtaMkavAda ke aneka pakSadhara haiM / udhara kumbha kI sahAyatA karane vAle bhI haiN| parAjaya AtaMkavAda kI hotI hai| kathA meM utAra AtA hai| sAdhaka ko Izvara tattva ke nikaTa Akara bhI aneka kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| eka urdU zAyara likhatA hai : "bha~vara se baca nikalanA to bar3A AsAna hai lekina saphIne aina dariyA ke kinAre DUba jAte haiM / " udhara sAdhaka ke satkarma bhI use bAdhAoM ko dUra karane meM sahAyaka hote haiN| kumbhanagara seTha ko nIrAga sAdhu taka pahu~cA detA hai jo usakA guru hai, Izvara tattva hai| kathA samApta hotI hai| sAdhaka kI sAdhanA phalavatI hotI hai| vaha 'maMz2ila' taka pahu~ca jAtA hai aura mUkamATI isa dRzya ko animeSa dekhatI rahatI 1 vividha sandarbha kathA ke sAtha santa kavi ne aneka sandarbhoM ko dekhA parakhA hai| kathA ne ina sandarbhoM ko mahattva diyA aura ina sandarbhoM ne kathA ko gati dI hai| mahAkAvya meM vyakta jIvana kA ghanatva, pratIkatva aura virATatva hI mahAkAvya kA mUla saMvedana bana sakatA hai| homara ke 'iliyaDa' aura 'oDasI' meM tathA varjila ke 'eniyaDa' meM zaurya, sAhasa, pratikAra aura balidAna kI virAT jIvana bhUmiyA~ haiM / hamAre yahA~ 'rAso' aura 'AlhA' vaiyaktika zaurya tathA sAmantI jIvanAdarzoM kI pratiSThA karate haiM / 'rAmAyaNa' evaM 'mahAbhArata' bhI mAnavIya jIvana ko abhivyakti dete haiM kintu hamane dharma ko sadA mahattA dI hai| bhAratIya mahAkAvya yugadharma kI vajra - granthi rahe haiM / 'mahAbhArata' kA kendra 'bhArata' yuddha, na hokara 'gItA' hai aura anta meM, 'satyameva jayate nAnRtam' meM usakI sArthakatA vyakta huI hai / 'rAmAyaNa' meM satya, niSThA, tyAga, tapasyA evaM dAmpatya kI sAdhanA aura rAkSasatva ke parAbhava kI carcA hai| tulasI ne rAma-rAvaNa yuddha ko rAmatva aura rAvaNatva kA zAzvata saMgharSa banA diyA hai| 'kAmAyanI' meM prasAda ke manu zraddhA kA hAtha thAme UrdhvArohaNa karate hue ziva darzana ke sAmAhArika rUpa meM
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________________ 36 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA Adhunika manuSya ko nayA samanvaya dete haiN| mahAkAvya meM abhivyakta jIvana hI rASTra kA saccA jIvana hotA hai / kyoMki vaha satahI jIvana na hokara mUlagata antarbhUta sAmAjika evaM sArabhUta rahatA hai| 1. santa kavi vidyAsAgara ne sAmAjika evaM rASTrIya jIvana ko dRSTi meM rakhakara hI 'mUkamATI' kA sRjana kiyA hai| dharatI mATI se kahatI hai : "sattA zAzvata hotI hai, beTA!" (pR. 7) pAtra evaM sthiti ke anukUla hI vastu athavA vyakti kI prakRti meM parivartana hotA hai / idhara bhAratIya nItikAra kahatA hai: "muktA kara, karpUra kara, cAtaka jIvana joya / soI jala mukha meM pare, vyAla anila viSa hoya // " udhara AcArya vidyAsAgara likhate haiM : "ujalI-ujalI jala kI dhArA/bAdaloM se jharatI hai dharA-dhUla meM A dhUmila ho/dala-dala meM badala jAtI hai| vahI dhArA yadi nIma kI jar3oM meM jA milatI/kaTutA meM DhalatI hai; sAgara meM jA giratI/lavaNAkara kahalAtI hai vahI dhArA, beTA !/viSadhara mukha meM jA/viSa-hAlA meM DhalatI hai; sAgarIya zuktikA meM giratI,/yadi svAti kA kAla ho,/muktikA bana kara jhilamilAtI beTA,/vahI jalIya sattA"!" (pR. 8) 2. yaha vizva duHkha se pIr3ita hai / "Pleasures are the commas to punctuate the sad story of life." itanA hote hue bhI yaha tathya bhI satya hai ki du:kha eka sthala para Akara apanA daMza kho detA hai / urdU zAyara kahatA hai : "darda kA hada se guz2aranA hai davA ho jaanaa|" kavi vidyAsAgara likhate haiM : "duHkha kI vedanA meM/jaba nyUnatA AtI hai duHkha bhI sukha-sA lagatA hai|"(pR. 18) 3. samAja meM zilpI kA sthAna mahattvapUrNa hotA hai / zilpI apane zilpa ke kAraNa corI ke doSa se sadA hI mukta rahatA hai| zilpI ke saundarya ke sandarbha meM santa kavi kI nimna paMktiyA~ mahattvapUrNa haiM : "yuga ke Adi se Aja taka/isane/apanI saMskRti ko/vikRta nahIM banAyA binA dAga hai yaha zilpa/aura kuzala hai yaha shilpii|" (pR. 27-28) 4. putra ke prati mA~ kA mamatva akSuNNa hotA hai| mA~ ke mamatva kI bUMda amRta ke samudra se adhika hotI hai| mA~ apane bacce kA sArA duHkha-darda, usake sAre kaSTa svayaM hI uThA letI hai / isa sandarbha meM AcArya vidyAsAgara likhate haiM : "lagatA hai,/mA~ kI mamatA hai vaha/santAna ke prati ...saba kucha kaSTa-bhAra/apane Upara hI uThA letI hai/aura bhItara-hI-bhItara/cuppI biThA letI hai|" (pR. 55)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 37 5. bhAratIya saMskRti kA mUla mantra rahA hai-"vasudhaiva kuTumbakam / " Aja yaha mantra vikRta ho cukA hai / AcAryajI ke zabdoM meM: " "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam"/isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai 'vasu' yAnI dhana-dravya/'dhA' yAnI dhAraNa karanA/Aja dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai/dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kaa|" (pR. 82) 6. phUla kI mahattA to nirvivAda hai, phala kI bhI apanI mahattA hotI hai| kA~Te se hI kA~TA nikAlA jAtA hai| bihArI kI nAyikA ke pairoM meM kA~TA cubhakara mAnoM use marane se bacA letA hai : ehi kA~TA mo pA~ya gar3i lInho marata jiyAya / prIti jatAvata bhIta so, mIta jo kADhyau Aya // 'dinakara' kA~Te kI mahattA darzAte hue likhate haiM : "tuma phUla nahIM ho zUla sahI,/gula ke upavana meM Ae jo, phUloM meM hAtha lagAe jo/u~galI meM usakI gar3a sakate, kara ko kSata vikSata kara sakate/talavAreM bajatI jahA~ vahA~ AtI kA~ToM kI bArI bhI/jvAlA akhaMDa phailA sktii| choTI sI cinagArI bhii|" udhara urdU zAyara kahatA hai : "guloM se khAra acche haiM, jo dAmana thAma lete haiN|" isa santa kavi kA kathana hai : "sUkSmAti-sUkSma/sthAna evaM samaya kI sUcanA/sUcita hotI rahatI hai sahaja hI zUloM meM |/anythaa,/dishaa-suuck yantroM/aura samaya-sUcaka yantroM-ghar3iyoM meM/kA~Te kA astitva kyoM ?" (pR. 104) 7. dhIra-gambhIra puruSa ajAtazatru hote haiN| vizva ko zAnti evaM maitrI kA sandeza dete haiN| unakA hRdaya vizva prema se bharA hotA hai / ghRNA athavA vidveSa ke bhAva unameM nahIM hote| eka urdU zAyara likhatA hai : "karUM maiM duzmanI kisase, koI duzmana to ho apanA muhabbata ne nahIM chor3I jagaha, dila meM adAvata kii|" AcArya vidyAsAgara kA zilpI ajAtazatru hai / isIlie usakA kathana hai : "khammAmi, khamaMtu me-/kSamA karatA hU~ sabako,/kSamA cAhatA hU~ sabase, sabase sadA-sahaja basa/maitrI rahe merI!/vaira kisase/kyoM aura kaba karU~ ? yahA~ koI bhI to nahIM hai/saMsAra-bhara meM merA vairI!" (pR. 105)
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________________ 38 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 8. manuSya kA mana bar3A mahattvapUrNa hotA hai| mana ke bhAva se hI pApa mAnA jAtA hai, vacana yA karma se nhiiN| patnI aura putrI ke AliMgana meM bhAva kI hI bhinnatA hotI hai / mana bar3A jAdUgara aura mahAn citrakAra hotA hai| brahma sRSTi kA tattva hai / saMkalpa ke binA sRSTi nahIM hotI aura mana ke binA saMkalpa nahIM hotaa| 'brahma-bindu upaniSad' kA kathana "mana eva manuSyANAM, kAraNaM bandhamokSayoH / bandhAya viSayAsaktaM, muktaM nirviSayaM smRtam // " svAmI zaMkarAcArya kahate haiM : "jisane mana ko jIta liyA, usane jagat ko jIta liyaa|'' 'mahAbhArata' ke vana parva meM vedavyAsa kA kathana hai : "mana kA du:kha miTa jAne para zarIra kA duHkha bhI miTa jAtA hai|" 'gItA' kA kathana hai: "caMcalaM hi manaH kRSNa, pramAthi balavad dRDham / tasyAhaM nigrahaM manye ! vAyoriva suduSkaram // " (6/34) kRSNa arjuna se yaha bhI kahate haiM : "he mahAbAho ! niHsandeha mana bar3A caMcala hai, yaha ruka nahIM sakatA / parantu he kaunteya ! abhyAsa aura vairAgya se yaha vaza meM kiyA jA sakatA hai|" tulasI 'ayodhyA kANDa' meM likhate haiM : "bina mana tana duHkha sukha sudhi kehI ?" AcAryajI ne bhI mana kA vizleSaNa kiyA hai| isa sandarbha meM apanA mata dete hue ve likhate "acchA, burA to/apanA mana hotA hai/sthira mana hI vaha/mahAmantra hotA hai aura/asthira mana hI/pApatantra svacchanda hotA hai, eka sukha kA sopAna hai/eka duHkha kA so-pAna hai|" (pR. 108-109) 9. zvAna evaM siMha kI carcA karate hue vidvAn kavi ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki siMha kabhI kisI para zvAna kI taraha pIche se hamalA nahIM karatA, siMha kabhI binA g2araz2a nahIM garajatA, svAmI ke pIche-pIche eka Tukar3e ke lie pU~cha nahIM hilAtA, usake gale meM paTTA ba~dhA nahIM hotA / zvAna ko patthara mArane para vaha patthara ko hI pakar3a kara kATatA hai, jabaki siMha viveka se kAma letA hai aura usakI dRSTi mArane vAle para hI jAtI hai / ve Age likhate haiM : "zvAna-sabhyatA-saMskRti kI/isIlie nindA hotI hai/ki vaha apanI jAti ko dekha kara/dharatI khodatA, gurrAtA hai| siMha apanI jAti meM milakara jItA hai rAjA kI vRtti aisI hI hotI hai|" (pR. 171) 10. 'hI' aura 'bhI' ke pArthakya kI carcA 'mUkamATI'kAra ne bar3I spaSTatA se kI hai| ve likhate haiM ki 'hI' ekAntavAda kA samarthaka hai tathA 'bhI' anekAnta, syAdvAda kA pratIka hai| eka urdU zAyara kahatA hai : "hamI hama haiM to kyA hama haiM, tumhI tuma ho to kyA tuma ho|" 'mUkamATI' ke racayitA likhate haiM : "hama hI saba kucha haiM/yU~ kahatA hai 'hI' sadA, tuma to tuccha, kucha nahIM ho !/aura, 'bhI' kA kahanA hai ki/hama bhI haiM/tuma bhI ho/saba kucha !" (pR. 172-173) 11. samasAmayika vaijJAnika sandarbho ko bhI AtmasAt kiyA gayA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM prakSepaNa kI carcA karate hue kavi
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 39 likhate haiM : "mastaka ke bala bhU-kaNoM ne bhI/oloM ko Takkara dekara/uchAla diyA zUnya meM bahuta dUra "dharatI ke kakSa ke bAhara,/ AryabhaTTa, rohiNI' Adika upagrahoM ko uchAla detA hai/yathA prakSepAstra!" (pR. 250) 12. sTAra vAra kA sandarbha dete hue vidvAn kavi kA kathana hai : "oloM ko kucha pIr3A na ho,/yU~ vicAra kara hI mAno unheM mastaka para lekara/ur3a rahe haiM bhU-kaNa ! soaisA laga rahA, ki/hanUmAna apane sara para himAlaya le ur3a rahA ho!/yaha ghaTanA-krama ghaNToM taka calatA rahA"lagAtAra, isake sAmane 'sTAra-vAra'/jo ina dinoM carcA kA viSaya banA hai vizeSa mahattva nahIM rkhtaa|" (pR. 251) 13. sthala-sthala meM kavi ne paurANika prasaMgoM kA ullekha karate hue 'mUkamATI' ko aura bhI AkarSaka banA diyA hai| madhyakAlIna jaina granthoM meM jahA~ kahIM bhI rAmAyaNa ke prasaMga Ae haiM, unake sAtha pUrNa nyAya nahIM kiyA gayA / vidyAsAgarajI ne rAmAyaNa ke prasaMgoM ko unake sahI rUpoM meM apanA kara unake sAtha nyAya kiyA hai| sAtha hI apanI zraddhA darzAI hai, yathA : lakSmaNa-mUrchA prasaMga : "jisa bhauti/lakSmaNa kI mUrchA TUTI/anaMga-sarA kI maMjula aMjuli ke jala-siMcana se |/sritaa ke uchale hue/salila-kaNoM ke zItala parasa pA AtaMkavAda kI mUrchA ttuuttii|" (pR. 467) kAmadeva evaM mahAdeva prasaMga : "loka-syAti to yahI hai/ki/kAmadeva kA Ayudha phUla hotA hai aura/mahAdeva kA Ayudha zUla |/ek meM parAga hai/saghana rAga hai jisa kA phala saMsAra hai/eka meM virAga hai/anagha tyAga hai jisakA phala bhava-pAra hai|" (pR. 101-102) 14. sAhitya kI sarala-sIdhI paribhASA dete hue AcAryajI ne likhA hai : "hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai/aura sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai,/artha yaha huA ki jisa ke avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava-sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai/anyathA,/surabhi se virahita puSpa-sama sukha kA rAhitya hai vaha/sAra-zUnya zabda-jhuNDa"!" (pR. 111) isa taraha sandarbho kI dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM jJAna hai, vijJAna hai, adhyAtma hai, darzana hai, dharma hai, nIti hai, AsthA hai, vizvAsa hai, zrama hai, zrama bindu hai, sAhitya hai, samAja hai aura hai rIti-nIti /
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________________ 40 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA vyAkhyAoM kA mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' _ 'mUkamATI' kAra santa haiM, pravacanakAra haiM, dharma-tattva ke jJAtA haiM, usake vyAkhyAkAra haiN| jana-sAmAnya ko sambodhita karanA, unheM sanmArga meM niyojita karanA, unake hRdaya meM punIta bhAvoM kA prasAra karanA, adharma se unheM dUra karanA hI AcAryajI kI jIvanacaryA hai / aise vyakti bhAva ke dhanI hote haiN| samAja, dharma, darzana, nIti, rAjanIti tathA saMsAra ke tattvoM evaM tathyoM ko samajhAte calanA AcAryajI kA kArya hai / pravacanakAra ke lie yaha bhI Avazyaka hai ki vaha kucha nae prayoga zrotAoM ke sammukha rakheM / apane pravacana ko prabhAvazAlI banAne ke lie vaha rocakatA lAne kA prayAsa bhI kiyA karatA hai / 'mUkamATI'kAra ne aisA hI kiyA hai / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM vibhinna prasaMgoM meM AcArya kavi ne vibhinna prakAra kI vyAkhyAe~ kI haiM, yathA : 1. kumbhakAra : "'kuM' yAnI dharatI/aura/'bha' yAnI bhAgya-/yahA~ para jo bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho/kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai|" (pR. 28) 2. gadahA : "merA nAma sArthaka ho prabho!/yAnI/'gada' kA artha hai roga 'hA' kA artha hai hAraka/maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA banUM/"basa, aura kucha vAMchA nahIM/gada-hA "gadahA"!" (pR. 40) 3. varNa : varNa zabda kA artha AcAryajI ne pAramparika nahIM liyA / isa sandarbha meM unakI nimna vyAkhyA mahattvapUrNa hai : "varNa kA Azaya/na raMga se hai/na hI aMga se/varan/cAla-caraNa, DhaMga se hai yAnI !/jise apanAyA hai/use/jisane apanAyA hai/usake anurUpa apane guNa-dharma-/"rUpa-svarUpa ko/parivartita karanA hogA/varanA varNa-saMkara-doSa ko/varanA hogA !" (pR. 47-48) isI sandarbha meM ve Age likhate haiM : "nIra kA kSIra bananA ho/varNa-lAbha hai,/varadAna hai| aura/kSIra kA phaTa jAnA hI/varNa-saMkara hai/abhizApa hai|" (pR. 49) 4. AdamI : "saMyama ke binA AdamI nahIM/yAnI/AdamI vahI hai jo yathA-yogya/sahI AdamI hai|" (pR. 64) 5. kRpANa : "kRpANa kRpAlu nahIM haiM/ve svayaM kahate haiM hama haiM kRpANa/hama meM kRpA na!" (pR. 73) 6. upAdhi : ____ "upAdhi yAnI/parigraha - apakAraka hai nA!" (pR. 86) 7. sallekhanA : "sallekhanA, yAnI/kAya aura kaSAya ko kRza karanA hotA hai, beTA!" (pR. 87) 8. rAtri: "dhanI aliguNa-hanI/zani kI khanI-sI'.. bhaya-mada-agha kI jnii|"(pR. 91) 9. kambala : "kama balavAle hI/kambala vAle hote haiN|" (pR. 92)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 41 10. moha tathA mokSa : "para-padArtha se prabhAvita honA hI/moha kA pariNAma hai aura saba ko chor3akara/apane Apa meM bhAvita honA hI mokSa kA dhAma hai|" (pR. 109-110) 11. sAhitya : "hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai/aura sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai, jisa ke avalokana se sukha kA samudbhava-sampAdana ho/sahI sAhitya vahI hai/anyathA, surabhi se virahita puSpa-sama/sukha kA rAhitya hai vaha sAra-zUnya zabda-jhuNDa'!" (pR. 111) 12. rasa : 1. "vIra rasa se tIra kA milanA/kabhI sambhava nahIM / " (pR. 131) 2. "karuNA-rasa jIvana kA prANa hai|" (pR. 159) 3. "vAtsalya-jIvana kA trANa hai|" (pR. 159) 4. "zAnta rasa jIvana kA gAna hai / " (pR. 159) 13. dogalA : AcArya kavi ne 'dogalA' ke tIna artha kie haiM, yathA : "cAra akSaroM kI eka aura kavitA/"maiM do galA" isa se pahalA bhAva yaha nikalatA hai, ki maiM dvibhASI hU~/bhItara se kucha bolatA hU~/bAhara se kucha aura.. paya meM viSa gholatA huuN|/ab isakA dUsarA bhAva sAmane AtA hai : maiM dogalA,/chalI, dhUrta, mAyAvI haiM/ajJAna-mAna ke kAraNa hI isa chadma ko chupAtA AyA hU~/yU~, isa kaTu satya ko, saba hitaiSI tuma bhI svIkAro apanA hita kisameM hai ?/aura isakA tIsarA bhAva kyA hai-/pUchane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? saba vibhAvoM-vikAroM kI jar3a/'maiM" yAnI ahaM ko do galA-kara do samApta / " (pR. 175) 14. kumArI : ___ 'ku' yAnI pRthivI/'mA' yAnI lakSmI/aura/'rI' yAnI dene vAlI... isase yaha bhAva nikalatA hai ki/yaha dharA sampadA-sampannA taba taka rahegI/jaba taka yahA~ 'kumArI' rhegii|" (pR. 204) 15. abalA : abalA kI vyAkhyA AcAryajI ne nimna rUpoM meM kI hai : "jo ava yAnI/ avagama'-jJAnajyoti lAtI hai, timira-tAmasatA miTAkara/jIvana ko jAgRta karatI hai abalA kahalAtI hai vaha ! athavA, jo/puruSa-citta kI vRtti ko/vigata kI dazAoM/aura anAgata kI AzAoM se/pUrI taraha haTAkara/ 'aba' yAnI Agata - vartamAna meM lAtI hai/abalA kahalAtI hai vaha !
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________________ 42 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA balA yAnI samasyA saMkaTa hai/na balA" so abalA / " (pR. 203) ___'sa' yAnI sama-zIla saMyama/'trI' yAnI tIna artha haiN| dharma, artha, kAma-puruSArthoM meM/puruSa ko kuzala-saMyata banAtI hai so"strI kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 205) 17. duhitA : "do hita jisameM nihita hoM/vaha 'duhitA' kahalAtI hai apanA hita svayaM hI kara letI hai,/patita se patita pati kA jIvana bhI hita sahita hotA hai, jisase/vaha duhitA kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 205) 18. aMganA : "maiM 'aMganA' hU~/parantu,/mAtra aMga nA hU~... aura bhI kucha hU~ maiM"!" (pR. 207) 19. svapna : " 'sva' yAnI apanA/'pa' yAnI pAlana-saMrakSaNa/aura 'na' yAnI nahIM,/jo nija-bhAva kA rakSaNa nahIM kara sktaa|" (pR.295) 20. sA-re-ga-ma- __"sAre gama yAnI/sabhI prakAra ke du:kha/pa"dha yAnI ! ___pa-dha-ni: pada-svabhAva aura/ni yAnI nahIM, duHkha AtmA kA svabhAva-dharma nahIM ho sktaa|" (pR. 305) 21. svarNa : "paratantra jIvana kI AdhAra-zilA ho tuma,/pU~jIvAda ke abhedya durgama kilA ho tuma/aura/azAnti ke antahIna silasilA !" (pR. 366) 22. kalA: " 'ka' yAnI AtmA-sukha hai/'lA' yAnI lAnA-detA hai koI bhI kalA ho/kalA mAtra se jIvana meM sukha-zAnti-sampannatA AtI hai / " (pR. 396) 'mUkamATI' sUktiyoM-nItiyoM kA kAvya . mahApuruSoM kI vANiyoM meM adbhuta zakti hotI hai / kaThinAI ke samaya athavA kartavyagata dvandva upasthita hone para sUktiyA~ prakAza evaM preraNA detI haiN| sUktiyA~ sAhitya gagana meM dedIpyamAna ujjvala nakSatra ke samAna haiN| inakI AbhA deza aura kAla kI saMkucita sImA pAra karake sarvadA eka samAna aura eka rasa rahane vAlI hai| mAnava jIvana ke vividha kSetroM meM sahasroM varSoM kI anubhUtiyoM ne inako amaratA pradAna kI hai aura karor3oM kaNThoM se nikalane ke kAraNa inameM mAdhurya evaM komalatA kA samAveza ho gayA hai / ina sUktiyoM ke abhAva meM rasa kI sthiti bAdhita hotI hai aura kavitA, kahAnI, upanyAsa, nibandha aura vaktavya kalA vikala ho jAtI hai / dasa-bIsa vAkyoM ko hI nahIM, pUre pRSTha evaM sandarbha ko sajIva banAne kI kSamatA sUktiyoM meM hotI hai| aneka prAcIna sAhityakAroM ke sambandha meM aisI aneka kiMvadantiyA~ prasiddha haiM ki unakI eka sUkti se hI bar3e-bar3e anartha evaM durghaTanAe~ ruka gaI haiM aura ghanAndhakAra meM bhI patha-pradarzana huA hai / sUktiyoM meM zikSA evaM sadapayoga kI jitanI amogha zakti rahatI hai, utanI hI Atmamanthana evaM anabhatiyoM ko jhaMkata karane kI kSamatA bhI hotI hai| saMsAra meM vyavahAra kuzala hone ke lie evaM sukhapUrvaka nirvAha ke lie nIti kA jAnanA ati Avazyaka hai /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 43 sUktiyoM meM nIti ke vacana thor3e zabdoM meM gAgara meM sAgara kI bhA~ti bar3I sundaratA se vyakta hote haiN| inameM upadeza dene kI nirAlI chaTA hotI hai / 'mUkamATI' kAra ne sUktiyoM ke motiyoM se apane kAvya ko adbhuta chaTA pradAna kI hai| sAtha hI nItiyoM ke mAdhyama se use rasavattA pradAna kI hai / ye sUktiyA~ evaM nItiyA~ pAramparika bhI haiM tathA AcAryajI dvArA nirmita bhI haiM / inake kucha udAharaNa draSTavya haiM : 1. "pratikAra kI pAraNA / chor3anI hogI, beTA ! aticAra kI dhAraNA / tor3anI hogI, beTA !" (pR. 12) 2. " karuNA kI karNikA se / avirala jharatI hai / samatA kI saurabha - sugandha / " (pR. 39 ) 3. "laghutA kA tyajana hI / gurutA kA yajana hI / zubha kA sRjana hai / " (pR. 51 ) 4. " granthi hiMsA kI sampAdikA hai|" (pR. 64) 5. " dayAvisuddha dhammo / " (pR. 88 ) 6. " AdhA bhojana kIjie / duguNA pAnI pIva tiguNA zrama cauguNI ha~sI / varSa savA sau jIva !" (pR. 133) 7. "laghu hokara gurujanoM ko / bhUlakara bhI pravacana denA / mahA ajJAna hai du:kha-mudhA, parantu,/guruoM se guNa grahaNa karanA /... mahA varadAna hai...|" (pR. 218-219) 8. "krodha kA parAbhava honA sahaja nahIM / " (pR. 252) 9. "jaba suI se kAma cala sakatA hai/ talavAra kA prahAra kyoM ?" (pR. 257 ) 10. " mana-vAMchita phala milanA ho / udyama kI sImA mAnI hai / " (pR. 284) 11. "parIkSaka banane se pUrva / parIkSA meM pAsa honA anivArya hai, anyathA/upahAsa kA pAtra banegA vaha / " (pR. 303) 12. " dA~ta mile to cane nahIM, / cane mile to dA~ta nahIM, aura donoM mile to / pacAne ko A~ta nahIM !" (pR. 318) 13. " bhoga hI to roga hai / " (pR. 353) 14. " mAtra damana kI prakriyA se / koI bhI kriyA / phalavatI nahIM hotI hai|" (pR. 391 ) 15. " mATI, pAnI aura havA / sau rogoM kI eka davA / " (pR. 399) 16. "bina mA~ge motI mile / mA~ge mile na bhIkha / " (pR. 454) 17. "mitroM se milI madada / yathArtha meM madada hotI hai|" (pR. 459) 18. "cora itane pApI nahIM hote / jitane ki / coroM ko paidA karane vAle / " (pR. 468) 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM kalA- pakSa 'mUkamATI' kI bhASA bar3I samRddha hai / kavi ne zabdoM ke nagInoM ko cuna-cuna kara jar3A hai| zabdoM ke cAmatkArika artha hama 'vyAkhyA' ke antargata dekha cuke haiM / samAnoccarita sAnuprAsika zabda kavi ko atyadhika priya haiM, yathA : 1. "vAtAnukUlatA ho yA na ho / bAtAnukUlatA ho yA na ho / " (pR. 87) 2. "nisarga se animeSa rahA indra bhI / nimiSa - bhara meM nimeSavAlA bana gayA / " (pR. 247) 3. "Upara yantra hai, ghumar3a rahA hai / nIce mantra hai, gunagunA rahA hai|" (pR. 249) 4. "A~khoM se azru nahIM, asu / yAnI, prANa nikalane ko haiM / " (pR. 279 )
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________________ 44 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 5. " sadaya bano ! / adaya para dayA karo / abhaya bano ! / sabhaya para kiyA karo abhaya kI amRta-maya vRSTi/sadA-sadA sadAzaya dRSTi / re jiyA, samaSTi jiyA karo !" (pR. 149) 6. aneka sthAnoM para kavi ne hindI aura urdU zabdoM kA sundara samanvaya upasthita kiyA hai, yathA : 1. " isa para prabhu pharmAte haiM... / " (pR. 150) 2. "mitroM se milI madada / " (pR. 459) 3. "sahI mUlyAMkana guma hotA hai|" (pR. 109) 'mUkamATI' kI bhASA sarala hai, sarasa hai / usameM pravAha hai, gati hai / anuprAsoM kA prayoga kavi ne adhikatA se kiyA hai, yathA : 1. " dhRti dhAriNI dharatI / " (pR. 7) 2. "AsthA kI arAdhanA meM / virAdhanA hI siddha hoMgI !" (pR. 12 ) 3. " pala-pala patroM kI karatala - tAliyA~ / ... pala bhara bhI palI nahIM / " (pR. 179) 4. "kaThora, karkaza, karNa- kaTu / zabdoM kI mAra suna / dazoM dizAe~ badhira ho gaIM / " (pR. 232) 5. "cama cama cama cama / camakane vAlI camaciyA~ / " (pR. 356 ) = varNa viparyaya, zabda bhaMga athavA viloma zabdoM ke mAdhyama se kavi ne sthala-sthala para cAmatkArikatA lAne kA prayatna kiyA hai, yathA : "yA N da M"da M"yA" (pR. 38), "rA M'kha M'kha''rA" (pR. 57), "rA" hI "hI "rA" (pR. 57), "lA'"bha Mbha"lA" (pR. 87), "mara, hama 'marahama " (pR. 175), "na dIdI na" (pR. 178), "sAdhana ...sA dhana" (pR. 237), "dharatI tIradha" (pR. 453) / anya alaMkAroM kA saMyata prayoga 'mUkamATI' meM sthala - sthala para milatA hai, yathA : 1. " bodha ke siMcana binA / zabdoM ke paudhe ye kabhI lahalahAte nahIM / " (pR. 106) 2. " pApar3a - sikatI-sI kAyA saba kI / " (pR. 212 ) - upamA 3. "saritA se uchale hue / salila-kaNoM ke zItala parasa pA AtaMkavAda kI mUrcchA TUTI / phira kyA pUcho ! lakSmaNa kI bhA~ti ubala uThA / AtaMka phira se !" (pR. 467 ) - dRSTAnta alaMkAra 4. " hIraka - sama zubhra / " (pR. 230 ) aneka sthaloM para grAmya evaM gar3he hue zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, yathA : " jo nirAzatA kA pAna kara / " 1. 2. " eka jIvana ko pUrI taraha / jilAtI hai|" 3. "indriyoM kA cAkara / " "candramA kA hI anusaraNa karatI haiM / tArAyeM bhI / " " bilakhatI isa lekhanI ko / " 4. 5. 6. " anakhulI A~khoM ko lakha kara / " 7. "pahalI vAlI badalI vaha / " (vAlI zabda nirarthaka hai) 8. "kalilatA / " aneka sthaloM para liMga doSa hai, yathA : 1. "hamArI upAsya devatA / " (pR. 22) (pR. 38) (pR. 39) (pR. 192) (pR. 151 ) (pR. 405) (pR. 199) (pR. 13) (pR. 64 )
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________________ 2. " tabhI kahIM cetana - AtmA / kharA utaregA ' 6. 3. "bacanA cAhatI hai vaha; / apanI parAga ko / " 4. " uttuMga zikhara kA / darzana hotA hai / " aneka sthaloM para na ke sthAna 'nA' kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / gItAtmakatA saMgItAtmakatA aura usake anurUpa sarasa pravAhamayI komalakAnta padAvalI, saMkSiptatA aura bhAvoM kI ekatA, gIta ke pramukha tattva hote haiM / 'mUkamATI' kAra ne gItoM kA prayoga nahIM kiyA / sampUrNa kAvya mukta chanda meM hai, phira bhI layAtmakatA usameM bharapUra hai| sAmAnyataH pAThakoM meM yaha dhAraNA prabhAvI hai ki mukta chanda gadya kA hI Ter3hI-mer3hI, choTIbar3I paMktiyoM meM kavitA meM rUpAntaraNa hai / yaha dhAraNA bhrAnta hai / kavitA kA sambandha zravaNendriya se hotA hai aura vaha layAtmaka gati se sambaddha hotI hai| laya hI kavitA ke prANa haiN| chandoM kI sRSTi meM laya hI mUla meM hai| mukta chanda hone para bhI kavitA laya se mukta nahIM hotI / 'parimala' kI bhUmikA meM nirAlA ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki mukta chanda to vaha hai jo chanda kI bhUmi meM rahakara bhI mukta hai| khar3I bolI kAvya meM panta ne komala pada- zaiyyA kA prayoga kiyA hai aura pragItAtmaka gati tathA laya kA saMcAra kiyA hai / nirAlA ne samAsAnta pada yojanA dvArA udAtta evaM gambhIra saMgIta kI sRSTi kI hai / panta ke chandoM kI gati manda, manthara gati se bahate jharane kI -sI hai kintu nirAlA ne apanI prasiddha kavitA 'dhArA' ke samAna hI apane chandoM meM nirbAdha gati bhara dI hai| prasAda mukta chanda kI gati, laya, gUMja aura saMgIta ko jAnate, pahacAnate the aura usake ve saphala prayoktA the / O (pR.57) (pR. 2) (pR. 10) pragativAdI, prayogavAdI evaM naI kavitA ke kaviyoM meM girijAkumAra mAthura ne mukta chanda ke romAnI pariveza kA sundara prayoga kiyA hai aura isakI gUMja zakuntalA mAthura ke mukta chandoM meM bhI sunAI par3atI hai / 'mUkamATI' ke chanda mukta haiM kintu gItAtmakatA unameM bharapUra hai / aneka sthaloM meM to gIta svayameva upasthita ho gae haiM, yathA : D mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 45 D "jina A~khoM meM / kAjala - kAlI / karuNAI vaha / chalaka AI hai, kucha sikhA rahI hai - / cetana kI tuma / pahacAna karo ! jina-adharoM meM/prAMjala lAlI / aruNAI vaha / jhalaka AI hai, kucha dilA rahI hai - / samatA kA nita / anupAna karo jina gAloM meM / mAMsala vAlI / taruNAI vaha / dulaka AI hai, kucha batA rahI hai - / samucita bala kA / balidAna karo / " (pR. 128) "nayA maMgala to nayA sUraja / nayA jaMgala to nayI bhU-raja nayI miti to nayI mati / nayI citi to nayI yati nayI dazA to nayI dizA / nayI mRSA to nayI yazA nayI kSudhA nayI tRSA / nayI sudhA to nirAmiSA / " (pR. 263 ) "jaya ho ! jaya ho ! jaya ho ! / aniyata vihAravAloM kI niyamita vicAravAloM kI, / santoM kI guNavantoM kI saumya - zAnta - chavivantoM kI / jaya ho ! jaya ho ! jaya ho !" (pR. 314-315)
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________________ 46 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA uddezya samarasatA ke prasAra meM athavA mAnavatA ke vikAsa meM kAvya kA mahattvapUrNa yoga hotA hai / saccA kavi apane hRdaya kI anubhUti ko sarva sAdhAraNa kI anubhUti banAkara eka gaurava, zAnti evaM Ananda kI anubhUti karatA hai / kavi ke kAvya kI saphalatA isI meM hai ki usakI anubhUti aura usakA Ananda sAdhAraNIkaraNa meM ho jaay| ___ mahAkAvya ke uddezyoM meM bhAratIya sAhitya zAstra ke anusAra caturvarga kI prApti ko mahattva diyA gayA hai / caturvarga meM sarvaprathama sthAna dharma kA hai jo sArvadezika aura sArvakAlika hotA hai / vaha kinhIM nizcita sImAoM meM Abaddha nahIM hotA / artha aura kAma kA bhI jIvana meM mahattva hai, kintu dharma se niyantrita hokr| hindI mahAkAvyoM meM mAnavatA ke sandeza bhare par3e haiN| tulasI ke rAma maryAdA puruSottama haiN| guptajI ke rAma isa bhUtala ko hI svarga banAne Ae haiN| 'priya pravAsa' ke kRSNa loka-nAyaka haiM aura 'kAmAyanI' to mAnavatA ke uddhAra ke lie hI likhI gaI hai| 'mUkamATI' kA uddezya bhI mAnavatA kA kalyANa hai / mATI ghaTa kA rUpa letI hai| ghaTa agni-parIkSA meM kharA utarane ke pazcAt mAnava kI bhUkha-pyAsa miTAne ke punIta kArya meM saMlagna ho jAtA hai| nAyaka-nAyikA 'mUkamATI' kI nAyikA spaSTa rUpa se mATI hI hai / nAyaka kumbhakAra ko mAnA jA sakatA hai aura kumbhakAra kauna hai? svayaM arhanta deva / nAyikA aura nAyaka kI praNaya-kathA bhI spaSTa hai / yaha praNaya hai AdhyAtmika praNaya / vahI praNaya jo jAyasI meM paramatattva ke prati hai, vahI praNaya jo kabIra meM nirAkAra brahma ke prati hai, vahI praNaya jo mIrA meM nirAkAra-sAkAra brahma ke prati aura sUra-tulasI meM sAkAra brahma ke prati / ___ mATI yugoM-yugoM se kumbhakAra kI pratIkSA meM hai, jo usakA uddhAra karegA aura maMgala ghaTa kA rUpa degaa| maMgala ghaTa kI sArthakatA hai guru ke pAda prakSAlana meN| mahAkAvyAtmaka garimA ko lekara vastuta: Aja ke yuga meM 'priya pravAsa, 'sAketa, 'kAmAyanI' aura 'kurukSetra' mahAkAvya hI likhe gae haiN| 'priya pravAsa, 'sAketa' donoM para 'kAvyera-upekSitA' aura Adhunika bauddhikatA kA prabhAva hai| prathama meM kRSNAkhyAna kA navInIkaraNa hai aura dvitIya meM rAmAkhyAna kaa| 'sAketa' gIti prabandha kI khicar3I bhale hI ho para yuga kI duvidhAgrasta mana:sthiti kA darpaNa avazya hai / sAmAnyata: sAketa bikhare gRha jIvana kA sudharA huA citra hai| 'kAmAyanI' gIti aura prabandha ke samanvaya ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotI hai| prasAda ne isameM Adhunika mAnavIya cetanA kA mAnoM itihAsa hI prastuta kara DAlA hai| dinakara kA 'kurukSetra' kathAnaka se hIna hote hue bhI rocaka aura navIna darzana se otaprota hai, "zAnti nahIM tabataka, jabataka sukha-bhAga na nara kA sama ho' hI isakA sandeza hai| Age jIvita rahane ke lie mahAkAvya ne apanI paribhASA badala dI hai, 'mUkamATI' ke rUpa meM / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya bhI hai, khaNDa kAvya bhI hai, mAtra kAvya bhI hai| isameM dharma hai, darzana hai, jIvana hai / isameM "phUla se nahIM, phala se tRpti kA anubhava hotA hai|" para yaha darzana gItA ke darzana se virodha nahIM karatA kyoMki phala tabhI milegA, jaba karma kiyA jAegA aura jaba phala milegA tabhI tRpti hogii| yaha zabda, bodha aura zodha ko paribhASita karane vAlA mahAkAvya hai| isameM jJAna hai, vijJAna hai, Ayurveda ke prayoga haiM, gaNita ke aMkoM ke camatkAra haiN| isameM kSamA hai, dayA hai aura hai kSamA ke mAdhyama se AtaMkavAdiyoM kA hRdaya parivartana bhii| maiM 'mUkamATI' kA svAgata karatA hU~ aura usake racayitA AcArya vidyAsAgara ko praNAma karatA huuN| pRSTha 190- lo| prakhara prakaratara..---jAmadhi ko bAra bAra bhara kara
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________________ bhaviSyat cetanA kA mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' ___ pro. (DaoN.) mahAvIra sarana jaina adhyAtma sAdhanA ke dvArA jJAnArjana evaM Atma pariSkAra kara, loka kalyANa meM nirata mahApuruSoM kA bhAratIya janamAnasa samAdara karatA AyA hai| santoM evaM muniyoM ke mAdhyama se hamAre deza meM saMskRti evaM naitika mUlyoM ke AcaraNa kI ajasra dhArA nirantara pravahamAna rahI hai| isI dhArA meM avagAhana kara koTi-koTi janoM ne apanI vRttiyoM kA pariSkAra karane kI preraNA prApta kI hai| jIvana meM naitika mUlyoM kI punaHsthApanA hotI rahI hai| jIvana pAzavikatA se mAnavIyatA kI ora abhimukha hotA rahA hai| zramaNa saMskRti kA eka viziSTa aura gauravapUrNa sthAna hai / saMyama kI sAdhanA kA sahaja AcaraNa zramaNa-sAdhuoM kA vaiziSTya rahA hai / zrama karane vAlA zramaNa hai aura zrama kA bhAva hai-tapasyA karanA / zramaNa kA vyutpatyartha hI isakI paramparA ke svarUpagata vaiziSTya ko prakaTa kara detA hai / yaha akarmaNya, bhAgyavAdI evaM bhogavAdI nahIM, apitu mAnava ke puruSArtha kI parIkSA karane vAlI, karma meM vizvAsa rakhane vAlI tathA apanI hI sAdhanA evaM tapasyA ke bala para 'tIrtha' kA nirmANa kara sakane kI bhAvanA meM vizvAsa rakhakara tadanurUpa AcaraNa karane vAlI sAdhanA paramparA hai| jaina tIrthaMkaroM ne 'arhanta' hokara dharma kA upadeza diyA / jaba jIva karmoM se pRthak hone kA upakrama kara, jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya karmoM se apane ko pRthak kara letA hai, taba vaha kevalajJAnI' ho jAtA hai aura use arhanta' saMjJA kI prApti hotI hai / AtmArthI sAdhaka Abhyantara evaM bAhya donoM parigrahoM kA tyAga karatA hai, samabhAva kI ArAdhanA karatA hai / rAga-dveSAtIta hokara koI bhI vyakti samyak jJAna, samyak darzana evaM samyak cAritra se yugoM-yugoM ke karmabandhana kATa pheMkatA hai| ___ Adhunika yuga meM AcArya vidyAsAgara isI paramparA ke eka jIvanta pratIka haiN| ve zruta sampanna bhI haiM tathA zIla sampanna bhii| unameM jJAna kI garimA hai kintu usakA ahaMkAra nhiiN| ve Agama sAhitya ke gambhIra jJAtA evaM talasparzI vidvAn haiM kintu unakI jijJAsA vRtti sadaiva pravahamAna rahatI hai| ve jJAna ke Agara hote hue bhI jJAna ke jijJAsu haiM / ve jagat ke prapaMcoM se virata, nispRha zramaNa, nirAkAMkSa rahakara AtmasAdhanA meM nirata AtmadraSTA tathA dhyAna-sAdhanA ke yogI haiN| unakI saralatA, sahajatA tathA sneha-sauhArda se AhlAdita rahane vAlI mukhamudrA kisI bhI darzaka ko anAyAsa apanI ora AkRSTa kara letI hai / yahI sajaga, sateja sAdhaka AcArya vidyAsAgara lalita kAvyakalA ke sarjaka bhI haiN| 'narmadA kA narama kaMkara', 'DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI', 'totA kyoM rotA?' evaM 'cetanA ke gaharAva meM unakI pramukha kAvya kRtiyA~ haiN| idhara inakA 'mUkamATI' zIrSaka mahAkAvya prakAzita huA hai / 'mUkamATI' Atmodaya kA mahAkAvya hai, kulAla cakra para car3hakara jIvana ke anupama pahaluoM se nikhara Ane kI gAthA hai, pAvana jIvana ke zAna kA itivRtta hai| 'mUkamATI' eka ora Atmazakti kA to dUsarI ora bhUmaNDala kI zakti kA pratIka hai / sauramaNDala aura bhUmaNDala ke dvandva meM bhUmaNDala kI hI vijaya nizcita hai / sauramaNDala meM bhale hI aNu kI zakti kAma kare magara bhUmaNDala meM manu kI zakti vidyamAna hai| AcAryazrI kI AsthA hai ki aNu se adhika zreyaskara manu kI zakti hai; yantra se adhika mantra kI zakti hai; vijJAna kI mAraka zakti se adhika AsthA kI tAraka zakti hai / isa kAraNa yaha apekSAkRta adhika sUkSma aura adhika virAT jIvana cetanA ke vikAsa kI vyAkhyA evaM pratidhvani kA mahAkAvya hai / isakA phalaka jahA~ eka ora Atmazakti ke sUkSmAtisUkSma svarUpa ko sameTatA hai vahIM dUsarI ora mATI kI virAT zakti kI jaya gAthA prastuta karatA hai| isa kRti kA mUlyAMkana karate samaya sarvaprathama yaha prazna uThatA hai ki mUlyAMkana ke pratimAna kyA hoM ? pazcimI
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________________ 48 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA dRSTikoNa to yaha mAnatA hai ki indriyoM ke dvArA jo grAhya hotA hai vahI sAhitya kA viSaya banatA hai / isa paridhi meM to Alocaka kA karma adhika se adhika saMvedanAtmaka jagat kI vyAkhyA, vizleSaNa, vivecanA evaM mUlyAMkana karanA hI ho sakatA hai| AcArya vidyAsAgara jaise sAdhaka jaba kAvya sarjana karate haiM to unakA kAvya aisI sambhAvanAoM ke dvAra kholatA hai jahA~ lokottara anubhUtiyA~ jhilamilAtI naz2ara AtI haiN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jaba sAdhaka kavitA likhatA hai, jaba kavi-brahmA zabdoM se lokoM kI sRSTi karatA hai taba usakI sArI anubhUtiyA~ aindriyaka hI nahIM, apitu prajJAtmaka' hotI haiM, jo bhAvanA evaM kalpanA se bhI pare kI hotI haiN| usakI anubhUtiyA~ 'lokottara' bhI hotI haiM jahA~ koI 'caitanya zakti' sIdhe hI 'vAk' ko prANa, mArmikatA, artha tathA astitva pradAna karatI hai aura hamArA antarjagat samasta bhautika pratibandhoM ko pAra kara jAtA hai / pAzcAtya AlocanA ke mAnadaNDoM se isa prakAra ke kAvya kI samIkSA sambhava nahIM hai| maiM 'mUkamATI' kI kathA abhidhA meM prastuta kara rahA huuN| usa kathA meM sthAna-sthAna para jo AdhyAtmika pratIkArtha evaM saMketa abhivyaMjita haiM, unako yadi hama chor3a bhI deM to bhI kathA apane prastuta artha meM bhI sUkSma evaM virAT bhAvabhUmi ko hamAre sAmane prastuta kara detI hai / kyA koI pazcimI kavi mUkamATI para mahAkAvya likhane kI kalpanA kara sakatA hai ? AcArya vidyAsAgara kI AdhyAtmika dRSTi hI mUkamATI ke maMgala ghaTa ke rUpa meM parivartita hone arthAt karmabaddha AtmA ke paramAtmA banane kI jaya yAtrA kI sAkSI bana sakatI hai| yahI dRSTi pahacAna pAtI hai tathA anubhUta kara pAtI hai ki pratyeka sattA zAzvata hotI hai| pratisattA meM utthAna-patana kI anaginata sambhAvanAe~ hotI haiN| agara sAgara kI ora dRSTi jAtI hai to sAgara guru-gaurava-sA kalpakAla vAlA lagatA hai| agara lahara kI ora dRSTi jAtI hai to vahI sAgara alpakAla vAlA lagatA hai| eka hI vastu aneka raMgoM meM raMgAyita hai, aneka bhaMgoM meM bhaMgAyita hai / jIvana kA cira satya evaM cira tathya yaha hai ki yahA~ AnA-jAnA-lagA haA hai| AnA arthAta janana yA utpAda hai| jAnA arthAt maraNa yA vyaya hai| lagA huA arthAt sthira yA dhrauvya hai| saMsAra kA cakra vaha hai jo rAga-dveSa Adi vaibhAvika adhyavasAna kA kAraNa hai / cakrI kA cakra vaha hai jo bhautika jIvana ke avasAna kA kAraNa hai / kulAla cakra vaha hai jisa para jIvana car3hakara anupama pahaluoM se nikhara AtA hai / duHkha AtmA kA svabhAva-dharma nahIM ho sakatA / vaha AtmA kA moha karma se prabhAvita vibhAva-pariNamana-mAtra hai| 'sva' ko sva ke rUpa meM tathA 'para' ko para ke rUpa meM jAnanA hI sahI jJAna hai aura 'sva' meM ramaNa karanA hI sahI jJAna kA phala hai / jJAna kA padArtha kI ora Dhulaka jAnA hI parama Arta pIr3A hai aura jJAna meM padArthoM kA jhalaka AnA hI paramArtha krIr3A hai| puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI mokSa hai, sAra hai / puruSa kA anyatra ramanA hI bhramanA hai, moha hai, saMsAra hai / guNoM ke sAtha doSoM kA bodha honA bhI atyanta Avazyaka hai kintu doSoM se dveSa rakhanA doSoM kA vikasana hai / pratyeka vyavadhAna kA sAvadhAna hokara sAmanA karanA nUtana avadhAna ko pAnA hai| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai : khaNDa : eka- 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' Atmodaya ke lie sAdhanA Avazyaka hai / jaba sAdhaka kI a~guliyA~ AsthA ke tAroM para sAdhanA karane lagatI haiM taba usake sArthaka jIvana meM svarAtIta saragama jharatI hai / AsthA ke viSaya ko AtmasAt karanA ho, anubhUta karanA ho to svayaM ko saharSa sAdhanA ke sA~ce meM DhAlanA hogA / parvata kI talahaTI se uttuMga zikhara kA darzana to sambhava hai parantu apane caraNoM kA prayoga kie binA zikhara kA sparza sambhava nahIM hai / sAdhanA ke kSetra meM nirantara abhyAsa ke bAda bhI skhalana kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai| sAdhaka ko AyAsa se DaranA nahIM cAhie, Alasya nahIM karanA caahie| kabhI-kabhI sAdhanA ke patha meM aisI bhI ghATiyA~ A sakatI hai, jahA~ viSamatA kI nAgina sAdhaka ko sUMgha kara use gumarAha kara sakatI hai / isa prakAra ke sambodhana se 'mATI' abhibhUta hotI hai tathA usake antarmana ko yaha bodha hotA hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 49 "karmoM kA saMzleSaNa honA,/AtmA se phira unakA/sva-para kAraNavaza vizleSaNa honA,/ye donoM kArya/AtmA kI hI mamatA-samatA-pariNati para/AdhArita haiN|" (pR. 15-16) AtmA rUpI mATI isa jJAna cetanA ke bAda apanI yAtrA kA sUtrapAta karatI hai / AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra AtmA ke dvArA hI sambhava hai / AtmA ke hI ye do pakSa prastuta kathA meM mATI' evaM 'kumbhakAra' ke dvArA abhivyaMjita haiM, pratIka rUpa meM varNita haiN| kucha vidvAn 'mATI' ko nAyikA tathA 'kumbhakAra' ko nAyaka ke rUpa meM rakhakara kathA kI vyAkhyA kara sakate haiM athavA inake AdhyAtmika pratIkArtha rUpa meM nAyaka ko parabrahma, puruSottama, antaryAmI, aja, ananta, advaita, paramAnanda rUpa tathA nAyikA ko jagat utpAdikA zakti ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita karane kA prayAsa kara sakate haiM magara jaina darzana kI bhUmikA para yaha AtmA ke dvArA AtmA kA anveSaNa hai; AtmA ke dvArA AtmA kA niyantraNa hai; AtmA ke dvArA AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra hai; AtmA ke dvArA AtmA se anAtmabhUta kaSAyoM ko dUra karanA hai| kumbhakAra eka kuzala zilpI hai| usakA zilpa kaNa-kaNa ke rUpa meM bikharI mATI ko nAnA rUpa pradAna karatA hai| zilpI kumbhakAra apane kArya kA samArambha oMkAra ko namana karake karatA hai / adhyAtma yAtrA kI sabase bar3I rukAvaTa 'maiM' kI hai| zilpI kumbhakAra sAdhanA patha para caraNa rakhane ke pahale hI ahaMkAra kA visarjana kara cukA hotA hai / vaha kudAlI se mATI khodatA hai / pIr3A kI ati hI pIr3A kI iti bana jAtI hai / sAdhanA meM nizi-vAsara kasa kara parizrama kiyA jAtA hai / zilpI se kSaNa-pratikSaNa zikSaNa-prazikSaNa milatA hai / isakA sIdhA asara bhItarI jIvana para par3atA hai| yaha mArga jIvana ke nirvAha kA nahIM, jIvana ke nirmANa kA hai jahA~ adhomukhI jIvana UrdhvamukhI ho unnata banatA hai| zilpI bArIka tAra vAlI calanI meM mATI ko chAnatA hai| kaMkara kaNa mATI se viyukta ho jAte haiN| kaMkara samajhate haiM ki unameM tathA mATI meM samatA-sAdRzya hai / zilpI unako samajhAtA hai / varNa-raMga kI apekSA se gAya kA dUdha bhI dhavala hai tathA Aka kA dUdha bhI dhavala hai| Upara se donoM vimala haiN| parantu unheM paraspara milAte hI vikAra utpanna hotA hai / dUdha phaTa jAtA hai| isI prakAra miTTI evaM kaMkaroM kI prakRti evaM svabhAva meM bhinnatA hai / kaMkaroM kA mATI se milana to huA magara ve miTTI meM mila nahIM sake / mATI se unakA saMga to huA magara ve miTTI meM ghula nahIM sake / calatI cakkI meM DAlakara unako pIsane para bhI ve bhale hI cUrNa bana jAte haiM, reta bana jAte haiM magara miTTI nahIM bana pAte, apane guNa-dharma ko chor3a nahIM paate| jaba pAnI se bhIgate haiM to miTTI kI bhA~ti ve phUlate nahIM, miTTI kI bhA~ti unameM namI nahIM A paatii| zilpI ko mATI meM jala milAkara use jala meM gholanA hai, mATI ko phulAnA hai / vaha prAMgaNa meM kUpa se pAnI nikAlane ke lie bAlaTI lekara jAtA hai| pAnI nikAlane ke kAma meM Ane vAlI rassI meM eka gA~Tha hai / gA~Tha kA kholanA to anivArya hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki granthi hiMsA kI sampAdikA hai aura ahiMsA ke palane, panapane evaM bala pAne ke lie nirgrantha dazA kA honA anivArya hai| isalie gA~Tha kA kholanA Avazyaka hI nahIM apitu anivArya hai / zilpI rassI kI gA~Tha kholakara, bAlaTI ko rassI se bA~dhakara dhImI gati se kUpa meM pAnI bharane ke lie nIce utAratA hai| khaNDa : do- 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' zilpI kuMkuma-sama mRdu mATI meM chanA nirmala jala milAkara mATI ke jIvana meM nUtana prANa phUMkatA hai / mATI ke prANoM meM jAkara pAnI nava-prANa pAtA hai| phUla-daloM-sI mATI pUrNarUpeNa phUlatI hai / mATI kA yaha phUlanA hI cikanAhaTa, snehila bhAva kA Adima rUpa mUlana hai aura rUkhepana kA arthAt dveSa-bhAva kA abhAva-rUpa-unmUlana hai / mATI ke harSa kI sImA nahIM hai kintu mATI ko khodate samaya kumbhakAra kI kudAlI eka kA~Te ko kSata-vikSata kara detI hai / vaha kA~TA mana
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________________ 50 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA meM badalA lene kI socatA hai| kavi kA kathana hai ki mana kI chA~va meM hI mAna panapatA hai| mana kA mAthA namatA nahIM hai| jaba 'mana' nahIM hotA taba kahIM namana hotA hai| mATI ke samajhAne para vaha apanI yaha AkAMkSA vyakta karatA hai ki kama seka zilpI ko apanI bhUla ke lie kSamA-yAcanA to karanI caahie| zilpI ke mukha se pIyUSa bharI vANI nikalatI hai : " khammAmi, khamaMtu me - / kSamA karatA hU~ sabako, / kSamA cAhatA hU~ sabase, sabase sadA - sahaja basa / maitrI rahe merI !" (pR. 105 ) zilpI kI kSamA-yAcanA kA~Te kI sanAtana cetanA ko prabhAvita karatI hai| usake krodha bhAva kA zamana evaM pratizodha bhAva kA vamana hotA hai tathA usameM bodha bhAva kA Agamana hotA hai| isake anantara vaha sahaja - anAyAsa zodha bhAva ko namana karatA hai| usake isa parivartana se usake mana meM jijJAsAe~ utpanna hotI haiM jinakA samyak samAdhAna zilpI karatA hai / isake anantara zilpI ko phUlI mATI ko rauMda - rauMdakara usakA loMdA banAnA hai tathA usameM adhikAdhika snigdhatA kA saMcAra karanA hai| sarvaprathama zilpI kA dAhinA caraNa maMgalAcaraNa karatA huA zanaiH-zanaiH Upara uThatA huA mATI ke mAthe para utaratA hai / mATI zilpana-caraNa kA svAgata karatI huI apanA mAthA umara uThAtI hai| rauMdana kriyA kI gati bar3hatI hai| zilpI ke pada AjAnu taka mATI kI gaharAI meM DUbate haiN| mATI puruSa zilpI kI puSTa piNDariyoM se lipaTatI hai / mahAsattA mATI kI bAhuoM se 'vIra rasa' phUTatA hai| vIra rasa kI anupayogitA aura usake anAdara ko dekhakara mahAsattA mATI ke adharoM se 'hAsya rasa' ThahAkA mAratA hai / hAsya rasa kI dAla nahIM galatI, usakI cAla nahIM cala paatii| isa kAraNa vaha apanI karavaTa badala letA hai tathA anya rasa- sAthI kA smaraNa karatA hai / mahAsattA mATI ke bhItara rasAtala meM ubalatA karAla kAlA 'raudra rasa' jAgatA hai| nirbhIka zilpI saumya mudrA meM raudra se kahatA hai ki rudratA vikAra hai aura vikAra ko sameTanA, haTAnA, naSTa karanA hI upayukta hotA hai| isake bAda 'bhaya rasa' kA varNana hai / bhaya evaM abhaya ke dvandva meM mati abhayA banatI hai / 'vismaya' 'vIra' ko abIra ke rUpa meM, 'raudra' ko rugNa pIr3ita ke rUpa meM aura 'bhaya' ko bhayabhIta ke rUpa meM pAkara bahuta adhika vismita hotA hai| isake bAda AtA hai- zRMgAra / zRMgAra kA nayA svarUpa abhivyaMjita hai| zilpI ke zabda haiM : "saMgIta use mAnatA hU~/jo saMgAtIta hotA hai aura/prati use mAnatA hU~/jo aMgAtIta hotI hai|" (pR. 144-145) svara kI nazvaratA aura sArahInatA sunakara zrRMgAra ke bahAva meM bahane vAlI prakRti kI nAsA bahane lagatI hai jisase 'bIbhatsa rasa' kA udaya ho jAtA hai tathA aisA lagatA hai mAnoM bIbhatsa rasa ne zRMgAra ko nakAra diyA hai| zrRMgAra evaM bIbhatsa ke dvandva se Ahata prakRti meM karuNA kA saMcAra hotA hai| zilpI karuNA ko samajhAtA hai ki karuNA ke hone meM nahIM apitu karuNA ke karane kI sImita sArthakatA hai / karuNA kI apanI upAdeyatA hai magara usakI sImA bhI hai| 'karuNA rasa' meM 'zAnta rasa' kA antarbhAva mAnanA bar3I bhUla hai / karuNA rasa evaM zAnta rasa kI prakRtiyoM meM antara hai : 'karuNA tarala hai, bahatI hai / para se prabhAvita hotI jhaTa-sI / zAnta-rasa kisI bahAva meM / bahatA nahIM kabhI / jamAnA palaTane para bhI jamA rahatA hai apane sthAna para / " (pR. 156 - 157) mahAsattA mA~ ke golagola kapola tala para vAtsalya pulakita hotA hai| karuNA, vAtsalya evaM zAnta- tInoM meM antara hai / karuNA rasa jIvana kA prANa hai, vAtsalya rasa jIvana kA trANa hai aura zAnta rasa jIvana kA gAna hai| AcArya ne zrRMgAra ko nahIM, zAnta rasa ko rasa-rAja mAnA hai, kyoMki Atmodaya kI bhUmikA para saba rasoM kA anta honA hI zAnta rasa
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 51 hai| zAnta rasa para bala detI huI mATI kI rauMdana kriyA bhI pUrI hotI hai| zilpI dharatI meM gar3I lakar3I kI kIla para, hAtha meM do hAtha kI lambI lakar3I le, apane cakra ko ghumAtA hai / ghUmate cakra para mATI kA loMdA rakhatA hai| loMdA bhI cakravat teja gati se ghUmane lagatA hai / vaha dhIre-dhIre kumbha kA AkAra-AkRti pA jAtA hai / mAna ghamaNDa se achUtI mATI piNDa se piNDa chur3AtI huI kumbha ke rUpa meM Dhala jAtI hai / isake bAda vaha kumbha para kucha tattvodghATaka saMkhyAoM kA aMkana karatA hai, vicitra citroM kA citraNa karatA hai tathA kavitAoM kA sRjana karatA hai / abhI zilpI ko kumbha meM zeSa jalIya aMza ko nizzeSa karanA hai / isake lie kumbhakAra kumbha ko tapI huI khulI dharatI para rakhatA hai| khaNDa : tIna - 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' kisI kAraNavaza kumbhakAra ko bAhara jAnA par3atA hai| kumbhakAra kI anupasthiti kA lAbha uThAkara sAgara se gAgara bhara-bhara kara gagana kI galI meM abalA-sI badaliyA~ nikala par3atI haiN| ye badaliyA~ pRthvI para pralaya karanA cAhatI haiN| prabhAkara inako apane pravacana dvArA udbuddha karatA hai / puNya kA udaya hotA hai / jala ko mukti milatI hai / meghoM se megha muktA kA avatAra hotA hai / kumbhakAra ke prAMgaNa meM apakva kumbhoM para muktA varSA hotI hai| bAta cAroM tarapha phaila jAtI hai| rAjA ke kAnoM taka isa Azcaryajanaka ghaTanA kA saMvAda pahu~catA hai| rAjA apanI maNDalI ke sAtha muktA rAzi ko boriyoM meM bharakara le jAne ke lie A pahu~catA hai| jyoM hI maNDalI muktA rAzi ko boriyoM meM bharane ke lie nIce jhukatI hai ki gagana meM guru gambhIra garjanA hotI hai : "anartha "anartha "anartha !/pApa"pApa"pApa ! kyA kara rahe Apa?/parizrama karo/pasInA bhaao|" (pR. 211) karNakaTu apriya vyaMgyAtmaka vANI sunakara bhI maNDalI hAtha pasAratI hai magara muktA ko chUte hI bicchU ke DaMka kI-sI vedanA se unakI kAyA chaTapaTAne lagatI hai| er3I se coTI taka saba meM viSa vyApta ho jAtA hai / mugdhA maNDalI mUrcchita ho jAtI hai / sabakI dehayaSTi nIlI par3a jAtI hai| __ yaha saba dekhakara rAjA kA mana bhI bhayabhIta ho jAtA hai / use yaha anubhUta hotA hai ki kisI ne mantrazakti ke dvArA use kIlita kara diyA hai| use pratIta hotA hai ki usake hAthoM ne hilanA banda kara diyA hai; pairoM ne calanA banda kara diyA hai; A~khoM se dhuMdhalA dikhAI par3a rahA hai; kAnoM ne sunanA banda kara diyA hai; mana meM pratikAra kI bhAvanA hone para bhI vaha pratikAra karane meM asamartha hai| isI bIca kumbhakAra kA pratyAgamana hotA hai / isa dRzya ko dekhakara zilpI kI A~khoM meM vismaya-viSAda-virati kI tIna rekhAe~ khiMca jAtI hai| kumbhakAra mantrita jala ke siMcana se maNDalI kI mUrchA dUra karatA hai / mUrchA dUra hote hI maNDalI muktA se dUra bhAga khar3I hotI hai / kumbhakAra sArI muktA rAzi rAjA ko hI pradAna kara detA hai / muktA kI durlabha nidhi se rAjakoSa aura adhika samRddha ho jAtA hai| dharatI kI bar3hatI kIrti dekhakara sAgara kA kSobha pala bhara meM carama sImA chUne lagatA hai| usakI bhRkuTiyA~ tana jAtI haiM / pRthvI para pralaya karanA usakA pramukha lakSya ho jAtA hai / sAgara meM se krama-krama se vAyuyAna-sama kSAra pUrNa nIra bhare bAdala apane-apane daloM sahita AkAza meM ur3ane lagate haiN| sAgara rAhU ko apane pakSa meM kara letA hai / sUryagrahaNa hotA hai| bijaliyA~ kauMdhatI haiN| indra Aveza meM Akara apanA amogha astra vajra nikAlakara bAdaloM para pheMka detA hai / vajrAghAta hotA hai / bAdala svAbhimAna se saceta oloM kA utpAdana prArambha kara dete haiM / oloM se sauramaNDala bhara jAtA hai| bhU-kaNoM ke Upara anaginata ole pratikAra ke rUpa meM apane bala kA paricaya dete hue nirdaya hokara TUTa par3ate haiN| magara itanA hone
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________________ 52 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA para bhI eka bhI olA nIce Akara 'kumbha' ko bhagna nahIM kara paataa| nae-nae bAdaloM kA Agamana, nUtana oloM kA utpAdana, bIca-bIca meM bijalI kI kauMdha, saMgharSa kA utkarSaNa - prakarSaNa Adi ke bAvajUda bAdaloM oloM kI hAra ho jAtI hai, bhUkaNoM kI jIta / kaI dinoM bAda nirabhra nIla nabha kA darzana hotA hai / bhAnu kI AbhA se aNu-aNu, kaNa-kaNa, vanaupavana aura pavana saba jyotita ho uThate haiN| rajavihIna sUraja sahasroM karoM ko phailAkara sukomala kiraNAMguliyoM se zilpI kI palakoM ko sahalAtA hai| kumbhakAra svastha avasthA kI ora lauTatA hai / kumbhakAra apakva kumbha kI paripakva avasthA ko dekhakara eka ora Azcaryacakita hotA hai tathA dUsarI ora Azvasta / use vizvAsa hai ki aba kumbha ko Age bhI pUrI saphalatA milegI / Age kI yAtrA ke bAre meM vaha kumbha se kahatA hai : "aura suno ! / Aga nadI ko bhI pAra karanA hai tumheM, vaha bhI binA naukA ! / hA~ ! hA~ !! / apane hI bAhuoM se taira kara, tIra milatA nahIM binA taire / " (pR. 267) isa para kumbha kahatA hai : " nirantara sAdhanA kI yAtrA / bheda se abheda kI ora veda se aveda kI ora / bar3hatI hai, bar3hanI hI cAhie / anyathA, vaha yAtrA nAma kI hai / yAtrA kI zurUAta abhI nahIM huI hai|" (pR. 267 ) khaNDa : cAra- 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' aba avilamba avadhArita avadhi meM kumbha ko tapAne ke lie avA ke andara pahu~cAnA hai| avA ko sAfa-sutharA banAyA gayA hai / avA ke nicale bhAga meM bar3I-bar3I Ter3hI-mer3hI gA~Tha vAlI babUla kI lakar3iyA~ eka ke Upara eka sajAI gaI haiN| lAla pIlI chAlavAlI nIma kI lakar3iyoM se unheM sahArA diyA gayA hai| zIghra Aga pakar3ane vAlI devadAru jaisI kar3iyA~ bIca-bIca meM bichAI gaI haiN| dhImI-dhImI jalane vAlI sacikkaNa imalI kI lakar3iyA~ avA ke kinAre cAroM ora khar3I kI gaI haiN| avA ke bIcoMbIca kumbha samUha avasthita kiyA gayA hai / avA ke mukha para dabA-dabAkara ravAdAra rAkha aura mATI bichAI gaI hai jisase bAharI havA kA koI aMza avA ke andara na jA ske| avA kI uttara dizA meM usake nicale bhAga meM eka choTA-sA dvAra hai / isa dvAra para Akara kumbhakAra nau bAra navakAra mantra kA uccAraNa karatA hai aura eka choTI-sI jalatI lakar3I se avA meM Aga lagAtA / Aga bujha jAtI hai| vaha bAra-bAra Aga lagAtA hai aura A bAra-bAra bujha jAtI hai| kumbha agni se prArthanA karatA hai tathA kahatA hai kisI ke doSoM ko jalAnA hI usako jilAnA hai / sva- para doSoM ko jalAnA to santoM ne parama dharma mAnA hai| agni ko kumbha kA Azaya vidita ho jAtA hai| sura- surAtI sulagatI agni samUce avA ko apanI capeTa meM le letI hai| kumbha, kumbhaka prANAyAma karatA hai jo dhyAna kI siddhi meM sAdhakatama hai| dhIre-dhIre dhUma kA uThanA banda hotA hai, AtmA ujjvala hone lagatI hai| kumbhakAra sollAsa pakeko bAhara nikAlatA hai / kumbha ke mukha para muktAtmA-sI prasannatA vyApta hai / tape kumbha udhara nagara kA mahAseTha sapanA dekhatA hai ki vaha hAthoM meM mATI kA maMgala kumbha le apane hI prAMgaNa meM bhikSArthI mahAsanta kA svAgata kara rahA hai| vaha apane svapna kI bAta apane parivAra ke sadasyoM ko batA detA hai / vaha apanA eka sevaka kumbhakAra ke pAsa kumbha lAne ke lie bhejatA hai| sevaka kumbha ko hAtha meM lekara sAta bAra bajAtA hai jisase sapta svaroM kA udghoSa hotA hai, jo mAno pratIkArtha rUpa meM bhAvAbhivyaMjanA karate haiM :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 53 "sArega'ma yAnI/sabhI prakAra ke duHkha pa"dha yAnI ! pada-svabhAva/aura ni yAnI nahIM,/duHkha AtmA kA svabhAva-dharma nahIM ho sakatA, moha-karma se prabhAvita AtmA kA/vibhAva-pariNamana mAtra hai vh|" (pR. 305) sevaka kumbha samUha kA parIkSaNa-nirIkSaNa kara eka-do laghu tathA eka-do guru kumbha cuna letA hai / seTha sollAsa Asana se utarakara sevaka ke hAtha se kumbha ko apane hAtha meM le letA hai| use tAje zItala jala se dhotA hai / dAe~ hAtha kI anAmikA se malAyAcala ke cAru candana se kumbha para cAroM ora svastika aMkita karatA hai aura prati svastika kI cAroM pA~khuriyoM meM kazmIra-kesara mizrita candana se cAra-cAra bindiyA~ lagA detA hai| pratyeka svastika ke mastaka para candra bindu sameta oMkAra likhatA hai| haldI kI do patalI rekhAoM se kumbha kA kaNTha zobhita karatA hai| kumbha ke mukha para cAra-pA~ca khAne ke pAna tathA unake bIcoMbIca eka zrIphala rakhA jAtA hai / kumbha ke gale meM zuddha sphaTikamaNi kI mAlA DAlI jAtI hai| isa prakAra sajjita mAMgalika kumbha aSTa pahalUdAra candana kI caukI para rakhA jAtA hai| isake anantara jaina muni ko AhAra dAna dene kA vistRta vivaraNa hai| nagara ke prati mArga meM ar3osa-par3osa meM Amane-sAmane apane-apane prAMgaNa meM sudUra taka dAtAoM kI paMkti khar3I hai / pratyeka kI bhAvanA hai ki usI ke yahA~ atithi kA AhAra nirvighna sampanna ho / pUjana kArya se nivRtta seTha bhI apane prAMgaNa meM mATI kA maMgala kumbha lekara atithi satkAra ke lie vidyamAna hai / atithi seTha ke hI prAMgaNa meM Akara rukate haiN| svAdiSTa dugdha se bharA svarNa kalaza, madhura ikSu rasa se bharA rajata kalaza, anAra ke lAla rasa se bharI sphaTika jhArI Adi Age bar3hAe jAte haiN| atithi udhara dRSTi nahIM DAlate / unakI a~juli grahaNa karane ke lie nahIM khultii| jaba seTha mATI ke kumbha ko Age bar3hAtA hai to atithi kI a~juli khula par3atI hai| 'svarNa kalaza' apane ko mUlyahIna tathA upekSita dekhakara bhItara se jalatA, ghuTatA hai / badalA lene kI bhAvanA se bharakara vaha seTha ko parivAra sahita samApta karane kA SaDyantra racatA hai| 'AtaMkavAda' ko Amantrita karatA hai / svarNa kalaza kI apane sahacaroM-anucaroM se gupa-cupa mantraNA hotI hai / dina aura samaya nizcita ho jAtA hai| nizcita hotA hai ki Aja 'AtaMkavAda kA dala' AdhI rAta meM ApattiyoM kI A~dhI lekara AegA / magara isI bIca 'svarNa kalaza' ke apane hI dala meM eka asantaSTa dala kA nirmANa ho jAtA hai / isa asantaSTa dala kI saMcAlikA sphaTika kI ujalI jhArI hai| 'jhArI' kA prabhAva raudrakarmA svarNa kalaza para nahIM par3atA / svarNa kalaza ke aniyantrita kSobha ko pahacAnakara 'jhArI' mATI ke kumbha ko saMketita karatI hai aura kumbha seTha parivAra ko saceta karatA hai / ar3osa-par3osa kI niraparAdha janatA isa cakravAta ke cakkara meM Akara kahIM pha~sa na jAe, isI sadAzayatA ke sAtha kumbha seTha ko parivAra sahita turanta ghara se nikala jAne ke lie kahatA hai / aura tadanusAra pUrA parivAra prAsAda ke pichale patha se palAyana kara jAtA hai / seTha ke hAtha meM patha pradarzaka kumbha hai / pura-gopura pAra kara ve ghane vana meM lIna ho jAte haiN| vahA~ bhI AtaMkavAda kA dala A pahu~catA hai| unake hAthoM meM hathiyAra haiN| ve bAra-bAra AkAza meM vAra kara rahe haiM jisase bijalI-sI jvAlA kauMdha uThatI hai / ve bAra-bAra hoMThoM ko cabA rahe haiM, krodhAviSTa ho rahe haiN| gajadala evaM nAga-nAginiyA~ seTha parivAra kI rakSA ke lie udyata hote haiN| unake dvArA svayaM AtaMkavAda cAroM ora se ghira jAtA hai / yaha pahalI ghaTanA hai jisameM AtaMkavAda hI svayaM AtaMkita ho jAtA hai| isake anantara bhISaNa pralayakAlIna paristhitiyA~ utpanna hotI haiN| ghanI-ghanI meghoM kI ghaTAe~ gaganAMgana meM tairane
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________________ 54:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA lagatI haiN| tAmasatA kA sAmrAjya caturdik chA jAtA hai / dharatI kA darzana durlabha ho jAtA hai / pracaNDa pavana ke pravAha ke kAraNa parvatoM ke pada lar3akhar3Ane lagate haiM, parvatoM kI coTiyA~ pRthvI para girane lagatI haiM, meghoM kA guru garjana hotA hai, bijalI kauMdhatI hai, mUsalAdhAra varSA hotI hai| kula milAkara jalaprapAta ke samAna, jala pralaya ke samAna dRzya upasthita ho jAtA hai / tadanantara prakRti meM parivartana hotA hai| ___ bAdala dala chaMTa jAte haiN| sudUra prAcI meM lAlI phUTatI hai / seTha parivAra nadI taTa para jAkara khar3A ho jAtA hai| varSA ke kAraNa nadI AvegavatI hai| udhara AtaMkavAda se abhI bhI saMgharSa karanA hai / kumbha kahatA hai ki nadI ko pAra karanA hai| isake lie vaha upAya sujhAtA hai ki rassI ke eka chora ko usake gale meM bA~dhakara pIche-pIche saba paMktibaddha ho apanIapanI kaTi meM kasakara rassI bA~dha leN| kumbha ke saMketAnusAra apanI kaTi meM kumbha ko bA~dhakara seTha nadI kI teja dhAra meM kUda par3atA hai| parivAra ke sadasya seTha kA anusaraNa karate haiN| kumbha mahAyAna kA kArya kara rahA hai| nadI ke bhItara choTIbar3I machaliyA~, viSadhara, kachuve, mahA magaramaccha tathA anya krUravRtti vAle vividha jAtIya jalIya jantu haiN| parivAra kI zAnta mudrA dekhakara jalacaroM kI vRtti meM AmUla-cUla parivartana hotA hai / yAtrA lagabhaga AdhI ho cukI hai / yAtrI maNDala ko laga rahA hai ki mAno gantavya hI apanI ora A rahA hai / magara tabhI bIca majhadhAra meM AtaMkavAda mArgavirodhI banakara parivAra ke sammukha A khar3A hotA / kahatA hai : "aba pAra kA vikalpa tyAga do/tyAga-patra do jIvana ko pAtAla kA paricaya pAnA hai tumheM/pAkhaNDa-pApa kA yahI pAka hotA hai|" (pR. 460) parivAra ke Upara andhAdhundha pattharoM kI varSA hone lagatI hai| ghanI coTa lagane se sabake sira phira se jAte haiN| rakta kI dhAra baha uThatI hai / seThajI ke sivA pUrA parivAra paravaza ho pIr3A kA anubhava karatA hai| aisI sthiti meM bhI dhairya- sAhasa ke sAtha sabase Age hokara seThajI AtaMka se saMgharSa karate haiN| AtaMkavAda kumbha ko phor3ane kA tathA kaTi meM kasI rassI ko zastroM se kATane kA prayAsa karatA hai / magara vaha apane prayAsa meM saphala nahIM ho pAtA / AtaMkavAdI dala kI damanazIla dhamakiyoM se seTha ke sivA parivAra ke anya sadasyoM kA dila dahala uThatA hai / jIvana kA avasAna dekhakara ve Atma samarpaNa karane kA vicAra karane lagate haiN| nadI kahatI hai ki utAvalI mata karo / asatya ke sAmane satya pakSa Atma samarpaNa kare -yaha kaisI viDambanA hai ! kyA aba asatya zAsaka banegA tathA satya zAsita hogA ? isI bIca vaha nAva DUbatI-sI naz2ara AtI hai jisa para AtaMkavAda savAra hai| AtaMkavAda pazcAtApa se ghuTatA huA vyAkula, zokAkula avaruddha kaNTha se kSamAyAcanA karatA hai / seTha AtaMkavAda ko prabuddha karatA hai : "aparAdhI nahIM bano/aparA 'dhI' bano, 'parAdhI' nahIM/parAdhIna nahIM/parantu/aparAdhIna bno|" (pR. 477) AtaMka dala kA saMkoca-saMzaya samApta ho jAtA hai aura dala ke sadasya DUbatI nAva se dhAra meM kUda par3ate haiN| seTha ke parivAra kA prati sadasya dala ke prati sadasya ko Adara ke sAtha sahArA detA hai| AtaMkavAda kI nAva pUrI taraha DUba jAtI hai| AtaMkavAda kA anta ho jAtA hai, anantavAda kA zrIgaNeza hotA hai / kumbha ke mukha se maMgala kAmanAe~ ni:sRta hotI haiM ki yahA~ saba kA jIvana sadaiva maMgalamaya ho / pUrA vAtAvaraNa dharmAnurAga se bhara jAtA hai| nadI taTa nikaTa A jAtA hai| saba prasannacitta nadI se bAhara nikala Ate haiN| kaTi meM kasI rassI ko seTha parivAra ke sadasya khola dete haiN| parivAra chane jala se bhare kumbha ko lekara Age bar3hatA hai ki usI purAne sthAna para pahu~ca jAtA hai jahA~ kumbhakAra mATI lene AyA karatA hai / parivAra sahita kumbha kumbhakAra kA abhivAdana karatA hai / kucha dUrI para pAdapa ke nIce pASANa-phalaka para
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 55 rAga-virAga se pare sAdhu AsIna haiN| sabakA dhyAna unakI ora AkRSTa hotA hai / saba sAdhu ko sAdara praNAma karate haiN| unake padoM kA abhiSeka karate haiN| gurudeva sabako AzIrvAda dete haiN| isa para AtaMkavAda prazna karatA hai ki hameM yaha to anubhUta huA ki samagra saMsAra hI duHkha se bharapUra hai / AtaMkavAda dala akSaya sukha ke prati apane avizvAsa ko prakaTa karatA hai tathA avinazvara sukha ke viSaya meM unakA anubhava jAnanA cAhatA hai / gurudeva vacana nahIM, pravacana dete haiN| bandhana rUpa tana, mana evaM vacana kA AmUla miTa jAnA hI mokSa hai / isI kI zuddha dazA meM avinazvara sukha hotA hai jise prApta hone ke bAda isa saMsAra meM AvAgamana se mukti mila jAtI hai / mahAkAvya kA anta hotA hai : "mahA-mauna meM/DUbate hue santa" aura mAhaula ko animeSa nihaartii-sii/"muukmaattii|" (pR. 488) yahA~ isa mahAkAvya kI kathA sAra saMkSepa meM prastuta kI gaI hai / mahAkAvya kI kathA meM jahA~ rocakatA hai, vahIM sarasatA bhI hai / rocakatA evaM sarasatA se adhika isa mahAkAvya meM vaicArikatA hai jo ise viziSTatA pradAna karatI hai| isI kAraNa isa mahAkAvya kA adhikAMza bhAga uddharaNIya hai| kucha uddharaNa udAharaNasvarUpa prastuta haiM : "bahanA hI jIvana hai|" (pR. 2) (2) "IrSyA para vijaya prApta karanA/saba ke vaza kI bAta nhiiN|" (pR. 2) (3) "sattA zAzvata hotI hai|" (pR. 7) "jaisI saMgati milatI hai/vaisI mati hotI hai|" (pR. 8) "asatya kI sahI pahacAna hI/satya kA avadhAna hai|" (pR. 9) (6) "AsthA ke tAroM para hI/sAdhanA kI aMguliyA~/calatI haiN|" (pR. 9) (7) "patana pAtAla kA anubhava hI/utthAna-U~cAI kI/AratI utAranA hai / " (pR. 10) (8) "vicAroM ke aikya se/AcAroM ke sAmya se/sampreSaNa meM/nikhAra AtA hai|" (pR. 22) (9) "pIr3A kI ati hI/pIr3A kI iti hai|" (pR. 33) (10) "vAsanA kA vilAsa/moha hai,/dayA kA vikAsa/mokSa hai|" (pR. 38) (11) "laghutA kA tyajana hI/gurutA kA yajana hI/zubha kA sRjana hai|" (pR. 51) (12) "granthi hiMsA kI sampAdikA hai|" (pR. 64) ___ "dharma kA jhaNDA bhI/DaNDA bana jAtA hai/zAstra, zastra bana jAtA hai|" (pR. 73) (14) "zava meM Aga lagAnA hogA,/aura/ziva meM rAga jagAnA hogaa|" (pR. 84) (15) "AsthA ke binA AcaraNa meM/Ananda AtA nhiiN|" (pR. 120) (16) "AsthA kA darzana AsthA se hI sambhava hai|" (pR. 121) (17) "Amada kama kharcA jyAdA/lakSaNa hai miTa jAne kA kUbata kama gussA jyAdA/lakSaNa hai piTa jAne kaa|" (pR. 135) "saMgIta use mAnatA hU~/jo saMgAtIta hotA hai/aura prIti use mAnatA hU~/jo aMgAtIta hotI hai|" (pR. 144-145) (19) "eka hI vastu/ aneka bhaMgoM meM bhaMgAyita hai/aneka raMgoM meM raMgAyita hai, taraMgAyita !" (pR. 146) (13) " (18)
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________________ 56 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA (20) "paridhi kI ora dekhane se/cetana kA patana hotA hai aura parama-kendra kI ora dekhane se/cetana kA jatana hotA hai|" (pR. 162) (21) "'hI' ekAntavAda kA samarthaka hai/'bhI' anekAnta, syAdvAda kA pratIka / " (pR. 172) (22) "'hI' pazcimI sabhyatA hai/'bhI' hai bhAratIya saMskRti, bhaagy-vidhaataa|" (pR. 172) (23) "nirbala-janoM ko satAne se nahIM,/bala-saMbala de bacAne se hI balavAnoM kA bala sArthaka hotA hai / " (pR.272) (24) "rasanendriya ke vazIbhUta huA vyakti/kabhI bhI kisI bhI vastu ke sahI svAda se paricita nahIM ho sktaa|" (pR. 281) (25) "dhyAna kI bAta karanA/aura/dhyAna se bAta karanA/ina donoM meM bahuta antara hai|" (pR. 286) (26) "duHkha AtmA kA svabhAva dharma nahIM ho sktaa|" (pR. 305) (27) "atithi ke binA kabhI/tithiyoM meM pUjyatA A nahIM sktii|" (pR. 335) (28) "eka ke prati rAga karanA hI/dUsaroM ke prati dveSa siddha karatA hai|" (pR. 363) (29) "prakRti se viparIta calanA/sAdhanA kI rIta nahIM hai|" (pR. 391) (30) "yoga ke kAla meM bhoga kA honA/roga kA kAraNa hai, aura bhoga ke kAla meM roga kA honA/zoka kA kAraNa hai / " (pR. 407) (31) "dhana kA mitavyaya karo,/ativyaya nhiiN|" (pR. 414) (32) "padavAle hI padopalabdhi hetu/para ko pada-dalita karate haiN|" (pR. 434) (33) "pracAra-prasAra se dUra/prazasta AcAra-vicAra vAloM kA/jIvana hI samAjavAda hai|" (pR. 461) abhivyakti ke dharAtala para 'mUkamATI' meM kucha zabdoM ko nae arthoM meM prayukta kiyA gayA hai / isa dRSTi se do zailiyA~ vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiM : (ka) zabdoM ke akSaroM ke anusAra prati akSara kI vyAkhyA karate hue zabdoM ko nayA artha pradAna kiyA gayA hai athavA unakI abhinava vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| (kha) zabda ke akSaroM ko alaga-alaga karake una akSaroM ke viloma krama se nirmita zabda ko rakhA gayA hai tathA ina do zabdoM meM artha-bhinnatA ke mAdhyama se zabdoM ke arthoM ko nae AyAmoM ke sAtha prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ye prayoga 'ulaTabA~sI' se bhinna haiN| ulaTabA~sI meM to loka viparIta DhaMga kA varNana rahatA hai, sAMsArika kriyA-kalApoM ko ulaTe DhaMga se dikhAyA jAtA hai kintu mUkamATI' meM zabda ke akSaroM ko ulaTa kara rakhA gayA hai tathA usase nirmita zabda kI pahale zabda se tulanA kI gaI hai| ina donoM prakAra ke zabda prayogoM ke kucha udAharaNa prastuta haiM : (ka) AkSarika vibhAjana (1) kumbhakAra : "'kuM' yAnI dharatI/aura/'bha' yAnI bhAgya yahA~ para jo/bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho/kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai|" (pR. 28)
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________________ (2) gadahA : (3) kRpANa : (4) saritA : (5) saMsAra : (6) nArI : (7) mahilA : (8) abalA : 0 (9) kumArI : mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 57 " 'gada' kA artha hai roga/'hA' kA artha hai hAraka maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA bana/"basa, aura kucha vAMchA nahIM/gada-hA gadahA !" (pR. 40) "hama haiM kRpANa/hama meM kRpA na !" (pR. 73) "jo khisakatI-sarakatI hai/saritA kahalAtI hai |"(pR. 119) "jo samyak sarakatA hai/vaha saMsAra kahalAtA hai|" (pR. 161) " 'na ari' nArI"/athavA/ye ArI nahIM haiN/sonaarii|" (pR. 202) " 'maha' yAnI maMgalamaya mAhaula/mahotsava jIvana meM lAtI hai mahilA kahalAtI vh|" (pR. 202) "jo 'ava' yAnI/ avagama'-jJAnajyoti lAtI hai,/timira-tAmasatA miTAkara jIvana ko jAgRta karatI hai/abalA kahalAtI hai vh|" (pR. 203) "...jo/puruSa-citta kI vRtti ko/vigata kI dazAoM/aura anAgata kI AzAoM se/pUrI taraha haTAkara/ aba' yAnI Agata - vartamAna meM lAtI hai/abalA kahalAtI hai vaha ...! balA yAnI samasyA saMkaTa hai/na balA "so abalA / " (pR. 203) " 'ku' yAnI pRthivI/'mA' yAnI lakSmI/aura/'rI' yAnI denevAlI" isase yaha bhAva nikalatA hai ki/yaha dharA sampadA-sampannA taba taka rahegI/jaba taka yahA~ 'kumArI' rhegii|" (pR. 204) " 's' yAnI sama-zIla saMyama/trI'yAnI tIna artha haiM/dharma, artha, kAma-puruSArthoM meM/puruSa ko kuzala-saMyata banAtI hai/so'"strI kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 205) "su' yAnI suhAvanI acchAiyA~/aura/'tA' pratyaya vaha bhAva-dharma, sAra ke artha meM hotA hai/yAnI, sukha-suvidhAoM kA srota "so-/'sutA' kahalAtI hai|" (pR.205) "do hita jisameM nihita hoM/vaha 'duhitA' kahalAtI hai apanA hita svayaM hI kara letI hai,/patita se patita pati kA jIvana bhI hita sahita hotA hai, jisase/vaha duhitA kahalAtI hai| ubhaya-kula maMgala-vardhinI/ubhaya-loka-sukha-sarjinI sva-para-hita sampAdikA/kahIM rahakara kisI taraha bhI hita kA dohana karatI rahatI/so"duhitA kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 205-206) "pramANa kA artha hotA hai jJAna/prameya yAnI jJeya/aura pramAtR ko jJAtA kahate haiM santa/jAnane kI zakti vaha mAtR-tatva ke sivA/anyatra kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hotI yahI kAraNa hai, ki yahA~/koI pitA-pitAmaha, puruSa nahIM hai jo saba kI AdhAra-zilA ho/saba kI jananI/mAtra mAtRtatva hai|" (pR. 206) (10) strI : (11) sutA : (12) duhitA : (13) mAtA :
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________________ 58 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA (14) kalA : " 'ka' yAnI AtmA-sukha hai/'lA' yAnI lAnA-detA hai koI bhI kalA ho/kalA mAtra se jIvana meM sukha-zAnti-sampannatA AtI hai|" (pR.396) (15) sAhitya : "hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai/aura sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai,/artha yaha huA ki jisa ke avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava-sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai/anyathA,/surabhi se virahita puSpa-sama sukha kA rAhitya hai vaha/sAra-zUnya zabda-jhuNDa !" (pR. 111) (kha) viloma akSara-vinyAsa evaM zabda (1) yAda : dayA : "para kI dayA karane se/sva kI yAda AtI hai aura sva kI yAda hI/sva-dayA hai/viloma-rUpa se bhI yahI artha nikalatA hai/yAda "da "yaa|" (pR. 38) (2) rAhI : hIrA : "saMyama kI rAha calo/rAhI bananA hI to/hIrA bananA hai, svayaM rAhI zabda hI/viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai-/rAhI hI "raa|" (pR. 57) (3) rAkha : kharA : "kharA zabda bhI svayaM/viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai rAkha bane binA/kharA-darzana kahA~ ?/raa"kh"kh"raa|" (pR. 57) (4) lAbha : bhalA : _ "lAbha zabda hI svayaM/viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai laa"bh""laa|" (pR. 87) (5) nadI : dIna: "nIla nIra kI jhIla/nAlI - nadiyA~ ye/ananta salilA bhI antaHsalilA ho/anta-salilA huI haiM/ina kA viloma pariNamana huA hai yAnI,/na"dIdI' 'na |/jl se vihIna ho dInatA kA anubhava karatI hai ndii|" (pR. 178) (6) nAlI : lInA : "nA lI lInA lInA huI jA rahI hai dharatI meM/lajjA ke kaarnn|" (pR. 178) (7) tAmasa : samatA : "vizva kA tAmasa A bharA Aya/koI cintA nahIM, kintu viloma bhAva se/yAnI/tA "m"s"s"m"taa"|" (pR. 284) (8) rasanA : nAsara : "ra"sa"nA, nA"sa' "ra/yAnI vasanta ke pAsa sara nahIM thaa|" (pR. 181) (9) dharatI : tIradha: "dharatI zabda kA bhI bhAva/viloma rUpa se yahI nikalatA hai gha"ra"tI"tI"ra"dha/yAnI,/jo tIra ko dhAraNa karatI hai yA zaraNAgata ko/tIra para dharatI hai/vahI dharatI kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 452) (10) dharaNI : nIradha : "svayaM dharaNI zabda hI/viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai ki gha"ra"NI"nI"ra"dha/nIra ko dhAraNa kare "so"dharaNI nIra kA pAlana kare "so"dharaNI !" (pR. 453) .
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 59 kRti meM kahIM-kahIM 'saMhitA' (Juncture) kA camatkAra bhI draSTavya hai : (1) kama+balavAle : kmbl+vaale| (pR.92) (2) na + mana : namana = na 'mana' ho, taba kahIM/namana ho... / (pR. 97) (3) "maiM do galA" (ka) maiM do + galA = maiM dvibhASI huuN| (kha) maiM dogalA = dogalA = chalI, dhUrta, mAyAvI / (ga) maiM + do + galA = 'maiM' yAnI ahaM ko/do galA- kara do samApta |(pR. 175) maiMne 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke kathAnaka, bhAva vaiziSTya, abhivyaktikauzala ke sambandha meM kucha saMketa bhara kie haiN| isake AdhyAtmika pratikArtha atyanta prabhAvotpAdaka haiM aura isI kAraNa merA vizvAsa hai ki yaha kRti Aja ke anAsthAvAn vyakti ko AsthA kA abhinna mantra dene meM samartha siddha ho sakegI, nirAza vyakti ke jIvana meM AzA kA saMcAra kara sakegI tathA udvigna evaM khaNDita cetanA ke lie virAT, abhinava evaM zaktizAlI AdhyAtmika satya loka ke dvAra khola skegii| Aja vizva meM eka naI krAnti ho rahI hai / bhaviSyat cetanA janma le rahI hai| puna: cintana honA Arambha ho gayA hai / saMkIrNatAe~ TUTa rahI haiM / dIvAreM DhahAI jA rahI haiN| vizva nAgarikatA kI kalpanA ko mUrta rUpa dene kA prayAsa Arambha ho gayA hai| yaha kRti samasAmayikatA ke AdhunikatA bodha kI gAthA nahIM hai, AtaMkavAda evaM hiMsA se upajI TaTana. pIDA. santrAsa. udvega kI praznAkalatA evaM bhayAkalatA se grasita nahIM hai apitu yaha bhaviSyata cetanA kA mahAkAvya hai-adhika virAT Atmazakti tathA adhika vyApaka bhUzakti kI preraNAmayI bhAvAtmaka bhUmikA taka pahu~cane kA jayapatha hai aura maiM isa dRSTi se isa kRti kA sAhitya jagat meM svAgata karatA hU~ tathA kRtikAra AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara ke prati namana evaM AbhAra vyakta karatA huuN| [NANasAyara' (zodha traimAsikI), naI dillI, aMka 3, mArca, 1990] pRSTha 189 jaba kabhIdharApara--- - ... dharatI ke vaibhava ko le gayA hai|
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________________ mAnavatA kA mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' pro.(DaoN.) Ananda prakAza dIkSita loka-paraloka meM ur3Ana bharate-bharate kabhI-kabhI kavi kI dRSTi se usake samIpa kI vastu bhI vaMcita raha jAtI hai| tattvadarzI use dekha letA hai| miTTI aisA hI apadArtha-sA padArtha hai, jisa para bahuta kaviyoM kI A~kha nahIM Thahara paaii| tattvadarzI kavi kabIra ne use avazya dekha liyA thaa| unakI vidrohI vANI meM miTTI kI tar3apa aura kumhAra ke prati usakI cetAvanI mukhara ho uThI : "mATI kahe kumhAra se, tU kyA rudai moya / ika dina aisA hoyagA, maiM ru,gI toya // " usI mUka miTTI kI vyathA sadiyoM bAda jaina tattvadarzI santa AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kI pratibhA kA sparza pA prabandhakAvya 'mUkamATI' ke rUpa meM mukharita huI hai| tattvajJAnI pravacanakartA ke rUpa meM AcAryazrI ko yaha suyoga sulabha rahA hai ki mukhya lakSya kI siddhi para A~kha rakhate hue ve sahAyaka kathA vRttoM ke yoga se sahRdaya zrotA kI cetanA aura usake kautuhala ko jagAe rakha sakeM aura zabda kauzala ke sahAre na kevala use camatkRta kareM balki kathya ko marmagrAhI aura sampreSya bhI banAe rakheM / sargoM kI rUr3ha paddhati ko tyAga kara cAra bar3e khaNDoM meM nibaddha isa rUpaka kathAkAvya meM usI sahaja kauzala ke sahAre miTTI kI saMkara dazA se usakA zodhana, usakA kumhAra dvArA rauMdA jAnA aura kaccA kalaza taiyAra karanA, phira kalaza kA pakanA, seTha ke hAthoM bikanA, seTha ke dvArA AhAra-dAna diyA jAnA, maMgala kalaza kI aisI pratiSThA dekhakara svarNa kalaza ke dvArA AtaMkavAdI yojanA kA racA jAnA aura antata: seTha ke kSamAbhAva ke kAraNa svarNa kalaza kI AtaMkavAdI pravRttiyoM meM parivartana Ane taka kI kathA varNita hai| spaSTa hI, kathA kA pUrNa gaThana aura vikAsa kalpanAzrita hai, aura kathA kA kalevara atyanta saMkSipta / anyAnya jIvana prasa saMgoM ke antargamphana aura anabhava bala se kathA eka aise rAgAtmaka dharAtala ko prApta kara letI hai ki jIvana ke jaTila rahasya bauddhika zrama yA vyAyAma karAe binA hI Apase-Apa khulane aura pAThaka ke mana meM paiThane lagate haiN| Azcarya nahIM, yadi pAThaka ko kahIM-kahIM sIdhe gadya kI pratIti hI adhika ho aura kAvyatva hAtha se chUTane-sA lage, para apanI gahana arthavattA aura udAttatA ke kAraNa pAThaka para se usakI pakar3a nahIM chUTatI / mukta chanda aura sAmAjika dAyitvabodha kI sajagatA ke kAraNa navIna kAvyaruci ko banAe rakhane meM racanAkAra ko kaThinAI nahIM huI hai| dharma vizeSa kI vicArabhUmi para aMkurita hokara bhI tAttvika dRSTi se ekatA ke kAraNa racanA saMkucita sImAoM kA atikramaNa karate hue sArvajanIna aura sAdhAraNIkRta bhUmi ko prApta karatI hai| AcAryazrI ke santa rUpa ne unake kavi rUpa ko AtaMkita nahIM kiyA hai, balki donoM ke sukhada saMyoga ne eka aisI racanA sRSTi ko janma diyA hai jisameM jIvana aura sAhitya kI tAttvika pahacAna ke prasaMga apanA sahayoga dete haiM aura prasaMgagata rUpa se prAkRtika dRzya vidhAna usameM saundarya kA raMga bharatA hai / zabda kautuka aura alaMkaraNa kI paddhati usameM camatkAra kA samAveza karatI hai| kaI bAra zabdoM ko manamAnI rUpa bhaMgimA bhI pradAna kara dI gaI hai, kintu bhAva evaM rasa ke prabhAva meM ve bahuta roka-Toka paidA nahIM karate / vaicArikatA bhinna rasoM ke yoga meM snigdhatA pradAna karatI hai| loka meM paira TikAkara bhI mukti kI maMgala yAtrA para padacAraNa karatA huA yaha kAvya adhyAtma kI U~cAiyA~ pAra karatA hai| niyamabaddha kRti ke rUpa meM yaha mahAkAvya kI rUr3hatA kA pAlana na bhI karatA ho, para udAtta saMkalpa kI dRSTi se yaha mAnavatA kA mahAkAvya kahA jAya to anucita bhI nahIM hai|
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________________ sAdhaka kI sAdhanA kA prabandhakAvya : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. sudhAkara gokAkakara jaba prabandhakAvyoM ke sRjana kI paripATI lupta ho rahI hai, taba 'mUkamATI' jaise vibhinna staroM para viziSTa prabandhakAvya kI sRSTi apane Apa meM eka upalabdhi hai / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ke isa prabandhakAvya kI AlocanA, mAtra mahAkAvya athavA prabandhakAvya ke paramparApoSita siddhAntoM ke AdhAra para karanA aparyApta siddha hogaa| 'mUkamATI' ke kAvya prakAra para 'hI' likhanA bhI pUrNa lekhana karma nahIM kahA jA sakatA aura na jaina darzana ke siddhAntoM ke AdhAra para isakA mUlyAMkana paripUrNa siddha ho sakatA hai| AcAryanI kI dArzanika pahu~ca, cintana kI sUkSmatA, kalpanAzakti kI virATatA, kavitvazakti kI vipulatA, bhAvazakti kI mahAnatA, abhivyakti kI AzayagarbhatA tathA dRSTi kI vartamAnakAlikatA ke eka sAtha darzana isa kRti meM hote haiN| yaha sahI hai ki viSaya kI prastuti kA mukhya AdhAra jaina darzana hai tathA isakA lakSya zubha saMskAroM kI sthApanA karanA hai, lekina isameM utanI hI virAT pratibhA bhI vidyamAna hai| kRti ke 'mAnasa-taraMga' meM AcAryajI ne racanA ke uddezya para vistAra se likhate hue kahA hai : "jisakA prayojana sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanaitika aura dhArmika kSetroM meM praviSTa huI kurItiyoM ko nirmUla karanA aura yuga ko zubha-saMskAroM se saMskArita kara bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a dekara vItarAga zramaNa-saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA hai'(pR. XXIV) / spaSTa hai ki prastuta kRti eka zubha uddezya kA pratiphala hai| santa-kavi ne jisa uddezya kI sthApanA ke lie jisa caritra kA nirmANa kiyA hai, vaha apane Apa meM navIna tathA aparva hai| mATI kI mahattA kA yaha mahAgAna navIna dizAbodha aura bhAvabodha kA anokhA saMsAra prastata karatA hai| yaha mATI usa zramaNa saMskRti kA pratinidhitva karatI hai, jo svayaM hI nahIM apitu samAja ko bhI bhoga se haTAkara yoga kI ora mor3a dene meM sakSama hai| isa prabandhakAvya meM pAtroM kI sRSTi nae aura vyApaka bhAvabodha ko spaSTa karatI hai / kumbhakAra, seTha, seTha kA parivAra, santa Adi kucha mAnava caritra avazya haiM, lekina mATI, lekhanI, svarNa kalazI, sphaTika jhArI, kesara Adi bhI pAtra banakara Ate haiN| phira nadI, sUrya, bAdala, candramA, machalI, sarpa Adi pAtra banakara avatarita hoM, to Azcarya hI kyA ! yahA~ taka ki bhAvavAcaka AtaMkavAda bhI eka pAtra bana gayA hai / AcAryajI ne ina pAtroM ko sajIvatA pradAna kara unheM varga vizeSa aura caritra vizeSa kA pratinidhitva pradAna kiyA hai| saMkocazIlA, lAjavatI, sukhavihInA, duHkhayuktA, tyaktA, tiraskRtA, kramahInA, parAkramarItA mATI ko kendra meM rakhakara kAvya kI sRSTi AcAryajI ke sUkSma cintana aura saMvedanazIlatA kI upalabdhi hai| paMcatantra, 'hitopadeza' Adi vizvaprasiddha racanAoM meM pazu-pakSiyoM kA pAtra-saMsAra AtA hai, lekina 'mUkamATI' meM jar3a-cetana saMsAra hI pAtra bana jAtA hai| isa saMsAra kA netRtva karatI hai mATI / mATI ko kendrIya pAtra rakhane kI kalpanA hI maulika hai / vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki prastuta kRti mATI aura dharatI kI mahAnatA kA maMgalagAna hai / kSudra-sI, tyaktA mATI ko itanI U~cAI para pahu~cAnA mahAkAvyAtmaka pratibhA kA hI pariNAma hai / racanA ke vikAsakrama meM mATI UrdhvatA ke eka-eka sopAna ko pAra karatI huI mokSamArga taka pahu~catI hai-yaha svayameva eka preraka udAharaNa hai| 'mUkamATI' kI mATI apanI maMz2ila para pahu~catI hai aura sAtha-sAtha vaha seTha, seTha ke parivAra, hAthI, sarpa Adi ko bhI isa mArga kA anusaraNa karane ko udbodhita karatI hai / apane caritra se vaha svayaM eka Adarza kI sthApanA avazya karatI hai tathA apane sAtha samAja ko bhI apane rAste para le calatI hai / bhoga ko sarvasva mAnanevAle saba yahA~ mAta khAte haiM, hAra jAte haiM aura tyAga kA anusaraNa karanevAle apAra pIr3AoM ko sahane ke bAvajUda apane gaMtavya para pahu~cate haiN| mATI, seTha Adi kI prApti AcAryajI kI 'yuga ko zramaNasaMskRti kI sIkha' dene kA pratiphala hai| zilpI ke A~gana ke motiyoM kA moha rakhanevAle rAjA ko zilpI ke sAmane hAra khAnI par3atI hai| sphaTika
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________________ 62 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA jhArI, taztarI tathA anya bhogalakSyI pAtra bhI kumbha aura seTha ke vyavahAra aura upadeza se yoga kI ora agrasara hote haiN| yoga mArga hI saphalatA kA mArga bana jAtA hai / bhoga ko chor3akara yoga ko apanAnA itanA sahaja, sarala mArga nahIM hai| isa rAste para rukAvaTeM haiM, saMkaTa haiN| jaina sAhitya meM prAya: yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki yoga ke rAste para bar3hanevAle ke sAmane hamezA saMkaToM kI rAzi khar3I rahatI hai| yogI jIva kI jitanI zakti hotI hai, vaha utanA Upara uThatA hai / Age kI yAtrA ke lie jaba vaha punaH janma letA hai, taba usake sAtha bhogI jIva bhI, khalatva ke kArya ke hetu, janma letA hai / 'mUkamATI' meM kumbha ke sAtha AtaMkavAda kA yoga isa tathya ko spaSTa karatA hai / lekina UrdhvakAmI sAdhaka ke lie ina saba pIr3AoM ko sahanA anivArya hI to hotA hai| phira bhI use binA kruddha hue, manasA bhI hiMsA bhAva binA rakhe Age bar3hanA hotA hai| isameM tanika bhI galatI huI ki phisalana, nizcita aura yAtanAoM kA daura bar3hA / kumbha ne galatI se svarNa kalazI para vyaMgya bhAva vyakta kiyA aura use anaginata ApadAoM se jUjhanA par3A / sAdhanA kA rAstA kaThina to hotA hI hai, phala to pradIrgha parizrama ke pazcAt hI prApta hotA hai| sAdhanA ke mArga kaThinatA ko AcAryajI ne sahI DhaMga se batAyA hai| sAdhanA ke eka-eka sopAna ko pAra karate samaya hara kadama para skhalana kA khatarA rahatA hai| sAdhaka ko phira bhI na DaranA cAhie aura na DiganA / prApta samaya kA sadupayoga karake sAdhaka ko apane mArga para jaldI-se-jaldI Age bar3hanA cAhie, anukUla avasara kA iMtaz2Ara karane ke bahAne rukanA nahIM cAhie aura na pratikUlatA kA dveSa ke sAtha mukAbalA karanA caahie| isa rAste para pragati ke abhAva meM kabhI-kabhI sAdhaka kA utsAha ThaNDA bhI par3atA hai, lekina use samajha lenA cAhie ki yaha sthiti bhI usake lie abhizApa nahIM / mIThe hI nahIM, khaTTe dahI se bhI navanIta to milatA hI hai| aura saMgharSamaya jIvana kA anta hamezA harSamaya hotA hI hai| dharatI ke isa upadeza meM sAdhanA mArga kI jaTilatA kA saTIka vivaraNa prApta hotA hai / UrdhvakAmI ko to hamezA yAtanAe~ bhugatanI par3atI hI haiM / yAtanAoM, pIr3AoM se bhAganevAlA kabhI Upara car3ha nahIM sktaa| AcAryajI ne machalI kI Urdhvagamana kAmanA ke varNana dvArA yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki zAzvata satya kI khojI machalI jAna para khelakara hI prAptavya ko pA sakatI hai, usakA parivAra moha meM pha~sakara pAnI meM hI banA rahatA hai| lekina UrdhvakAmI eka machalI apane AvAsa ko aura sage sambandhiyoM ko chor3a kara apane sAdhanA patha para cala par3atI hai / usameM Izvara prANoM kI Asa paidA huI, vaha kRtasaMkalpa bana gaI / amRta gRha kI prApti se usakA bhaya naSTa ho gayA, usane jIvana meM vijaya pAI / saMsArarUpa andhakUpa meM rahanevAlI machalIrUpa jIvAtmA kI UrdhvayAtrA ko munijI ne jisa saMvedanazIlatA ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai, vaha eka vItarAgI ke yogya hI hai| kyA yaha AcAryazrI ke jIvana kA rUpaka to nahIM hai ? isa prakAra prabandhakAvya ke Arambha se anta taka munijI ne sAdhanA patha ke vibhinna AyAmoM ko mArmika DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai| isase kRti meM AdyopAnta eka gambhIratA aura dArzanikatA spaSTa hotI hai / dArzanikatA kI abhivyakti jaina darzana ke AdhAra para huI hai| isa darzana ke mUla sUtroM kA to isameM pUrA nirvAha huA hI hai, sAtha-sAtha jaina AcAra kA bhI yathAsthAna citraNa kiyA gayA hai| zramaNa paramparA zArIrika kleza para tathA apane tapobala para ni:zreyas ko pAne kA mArga batAtI hai| yaha mAnatI hai ki kisI bhI bAta ke aneka pakSa hote haiM (anekAntavAda), ataH bhinnamatasahiSNutA evaM vicAra tathA AcAra ke para bhI ahiMsA kA pAlana anivArya hai| dharatI ke upadeza meM yaha sAra grathita hai tathA mATI ke vyavahAra se ise pratyakSa meM prastuta bhI kiyA hai| mATI kA kathana hai : "pIr3A kI ati hI/pIr3A kI iti hai " (pR. 33) / yaha isa kRti kA sUtra hai, jo spaSTa karatA hai ki saMgharSamaya jIvana kA anta hamezA harSamaya hotA hai / isa mUla saMvedanA ne Age calakara prasaMgoM kA kevala nirmANa tathA varNana hI nahIM kiyA, balki sthAna-sthAna para usakI dArzanika vyAkhyAe~ bhI prastuta kI haiN| ata: pUrI racanA meM darzana, adhyAtma tathA nIti vacanoM kI apUrva bunAvaTa
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 63 prApta hotI hai| sAhitya ke sambandha meM mAnyatAe~ : isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki munivarajI prastuta kRti ko soddezya prastuta karate haiN| Arambha meM Apane apanA prayojana sAfa zabdoM meM batAyA bhI hai / ataH spaSTa hai ki Apa sAhitya ko hita kA sAdhana mAnate zUla ko prabodhita karatA huA zilpI kahatA hai ki sthira mana se apane Apa meM bhAvita honA hI mokSa prApti hai| sAhitya kA yahI kartavya hai / sAhitya ke sambandha meM zilpI batAtA hai : "hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai aura/sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai,/artha yaha huA ki jisa ke avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava--sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai/anyathA,/surabhi se virahita puSpa-sama sukha kA rAhitya hai vaha/sAra-zUnya zabda-jhuNDa'! ...zAnti kA zvAsa letA/sArthaka jIvana hI sraSTA hai zAzvata sAhitya kA/...yaha sAhitya jIvanta hai nA!" (pR. 111) AcAryajI sukha evaM zAnti kA nirmANa karane vAle sAhitya ko sAhitya mAnate haiM; hitavihIna sAhitya ko Apa sugandha virahita phUla, sArazUnya zabda-samUha mAtra mAnate haiN| zAzvata sAhitya kI nirmiti zAnta evaM sthira citta pratibhAzAlI se hI sambhava hai, kAraNa vaha jIvanta prakriyA hai| Apa kalA ko jIvana meM sukha-zAnti-sampannatA lAne kA sAdhana mAnate haiM : " 'ka' yAnI AtmA-sukha hai/'lA' yAnI lAnA-detA hai/koI bhI kalA ho kalA mAtra se jIvana meM sukha-zAnti-sampannatA AtI hai|" (pR. 396) ata: sukha-zAnti-sampannatA ko lAne ke lie vicAroM ke aikya, saMyatatA tathA soddezyatA ko Apa Avazyaka mAnate haiN| isa prayojana kI paripUrti ke lie racA gayA sAhitya nizcaya hI sadupayogI hogaa| kavi apane Apako zreSTha, mahAn, adhikArI mAnakara apanI bAta ko pAThakoM taka nahIM pahuMcA sakatA hai / saMyatatA, namratA evaM sahakAra kI bhAvanA se hI tattvabodha taka pahu~cA jA sakatA hai| AcAryajI kA yaha kathana isa sandarbha meM draSTavya hai : "sampreSaNa vaha khAda hai/jisase, ki/sadbhAvoM kI paudha/puSTa-sampuSTa hotI hai ..jisase ki/tattvoM kA bodha/tuSTa-santuSTa hotA hai/prakAza pAtA hai|" (pR.23) upadeza mAtra racanA kA nirmANa nahIM kara sakatA / AcAryajI kA yaha nivedana sahI hai : "bodha ke siMcana binA/zabdoM ke paudhe ye kabhI lahalahAte nahIM, ...bodha kA phUla jaba/DhalatA-badalatA, jisameM/vaha pakva phala hI to zodha kahalAtA hai |/bodh meM AkulatA palatI hai zodha meM nirAkulatA phalatI hai|" (pR. 106-107) jIvana tathA saMsAra ko sahI pariprekSya meM samajhakara mAnava maMgala kI kAmanA se likhA gayA sAhitya svayaM hI U~cA nahIM uThatA, vaha racanAkAra ko bhI U~cA uThAtA hai / vAstavikatA yaha hai ki sRjana nisarga se ghula-mila jAnA hai| kahanA na hogA ki AcAryajI ne jisa vyApaka paTa ko cunA hai, vaha nisarga kA paTa hai| nisarga ke sahI Azaya
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________________ 64 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ko pakar3ane meM racanA ke sAtha svayaM ko apavarga kA vAsI siddha karane meM Apa saphala hue haiM / Apane ThIka hI likhA hai : "nisarga se hI/sRj-dhAtu kI bhA~ti/bhinna-bhinna upasarga pA tumane svayaM ko/jo/nisarga kiyA,/so sRjanazIla jIvana kA/vargAtIta apavarga huaa|" (pR. 483) sAhitya evaM kalA sambandhI apanI dhAraNAoM ke anurUpa mATI ke apavarga banane kI kahAnI usake nisarga banane kI kahAnI hai, jo mAnava ke samakSa jIvana kA Adarza prastuta karatI hai / isa kahAnI kA paTa bhI virAT nisarga hai aura anta bhI nisarga bana jAne meM nihita hai / eka vyApaka, maMgalakArI uddezya kI paripUrti ke lie nisarga se bar3hakara aura kauna-sA kainavAsa upayogI thA ? mAnava maMgala kI kAmanA, zramaNa vRtti ke vikAsa ke hetu racita isa kRti kI racanA isalie sambhava ho sakI hai ki Apa mUlata: AcArya haiM tathA apane AdhyAtmika kartavya ke pAlana ke lie Apane apanI pratibhA ko lagAyA hai| ata: Apa sAhitya ko mAnava maMgala kA upakaraNa hI mAna sakate haiN| jIvana lakSya ke anurUpa Apa sAhitya ke kSetra meM bhI zAzvatatA ke anveSaka hI haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki isa kRti ke pratyeka caraNa para Apake cintana kI, eka anveSaka kI tathA satya taka pahu~ce hue vibhUti ke cihna vidyamAna haiN| cintana se ApUrita pratibhA kA yahA~ apUrva saMgama prApta hotA hai tathA yaha nirNaya kara pAnA kaThina ho jAtA hai ki cintaka pratibhA para hAvI ho gayA hai yA pratibhA ne cintaka ko cintana ke nae AyAma pradAna kie haiN| pariNAma yaha hai ki prati paga tattvabodha kA eka nayA pahalU sAmane AtA hai, yahA~ taka ki kahIM-kahIM usakI ati bhI pratIta hotI hai| lekina jisa vibhUti ne pUre vicAra, vizvAsa aura AsthA ke sAtha jisa mArga ko cunA hai aura jIvana bhara usI meM cittavRttiyA~ lagAI haiM, usa AtmA ke lie yaha svAbhAvika bhI hai| apanI AdhyAtmika duniyA kA yAtrI bhautika jIvana kI UparI sataha para kaise santoSa pA sakatA hai ? vartamAna ke prati jAgarUkatA : AcAryajI kI mAnasikatA eka tattva cintaka kI avazya hai phira bhI ApakI pratibhA kA camatkAra hai ki Apa vartamAna se A~kha mUMde hue nahIM haiN| yaha kahanA adhika yuktisaMgata hogA ki ApakA tattvabodha jIvanavAstava ke anubhava ke kAraNa adhika gaharA aura tIvra bana par3A hai| pratyakSa se mu~ha mor3akara antara ke nivir3a meM agara Apa rama jAte to aisI racanA sambhava nahIM thii| ___Apane 'mAnasa-taraMga' meM racanA ke prayoga kI carcA ke prasaMga meM vartamAna kurItiyoM ko nirmUla banAne kA uddezya bhI spaSTa kiyA hai / yaha sahI hai ki isa kRti kI kahAnI mATI ke apavarga taka pahu~cane kI kahAnI hai / prakRti ke virATa phalaka para mATI kI UrdhvayAtrA sampanna hotI hai| isake pAtra bhI prAya: mAnava varga ke nahIM haiM tathA darzana kI pradhAnatA racanA ko bhautika jIvana se dUra ucca stara para le jAtI hai / tathApi yaha svata: siddha bAta hai ki AcAryajI vartamAna ke prati bhI pUrNata: jAgarUka haiN| pAzcAtya jIvana ke saMsarga evaM bhautika sAdhanoM kI atizayatA ne bhAratIya mAnasa ko badala hI nahIM diyA hai, vikRta bhI banA diyA hai| bAharI tar3aka-bhar3aka aura camaka-damaka ko jIvana mAna kara vilAsamaya jIvana jIne ke pIche AdamI Atmakendrita, svArthalipta aura dogalA bana gayA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kI duhAI detA huA vaha asala meM pAzcAtya jIvana kI bAhya vikRtiyoM ko aMgIkAra kara cukA hai| isase sAMskRtika, zaikSika, rAjanItika, dhArmika kSetra meM visaMgatiyA~ paidA ho gaI haiN| AcAryajI ne sthAna-sthAna para ina visaMgatiyoM para vyaMgya kiyA hai aura saMyata, maryAdAmaya, tyAgamaya tathA zAnta jIvana kI anivAryatA spaSTa kI hai| Azcarya to taba hotA hai jaba AcAryajI jIvana ke uccAdarzoM evaM adhyAtma kI guhyatAoM kI vyAkhyAoM ko pramukhatA dete hue bhI vartamAna jIvana kI visaMgatiyoM ko naz2araaMdAz2a nahIM krte| isa sandarbha meM Apane pazcimI sabhyatA para vyaMgya kiyA hai aura bhAratIya saMskRti se pazcimI sabhyatA kI tulanA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 65 karate hue likhA hai ki pAzcAtya AkramaNakArI pravRtti ke haiM, jaba ki bhAratIya sukha aura zAnti ko cAhane vAle haiN| bhArata kI saMskRti santa saMskRti hai / bhale hI hamAre devatA zaMkara-zUladhArI hoM, lekina ve pUjA ke phUloM taka ko nahIM chUte haiN| pAzcAtya sabhyatA ke prabhAva ke kAraNa bhArata meM svArthalipsA bar3ha gaI hai| donoM saMskRtiyoM ke bIca kA antara spaSTa karate. hue Apa likhate haiM : " 'hI' pazcimI-sabhyatA hai _ 'bhI' hai bhAratIya saMskRti, bhaagy-vidhaataa|" (pR. 173) 'hI' ekAnta sUcaka hai, 'bhI' samUha sUcaka / ataH AcAryajI 'bhI' saMskRtivAlI bhAratIya saMskRti ko lokatantra kI rIr3ha mAnate haiN| lekina bhArata ke vartamAna gaNatantra meM samUha kalyANa kA nAmonizAna nahIM rahA hai / AcAryajI ke zabdoM meM Aja kA 'gaNatantra' 'dhanatantra' bana gayA hai / pariNAmataH aparAdhI ko pITane ke kAma AnevAlI lakar3I Aja niraparAdha ko hI pITatI rahatI hai| yahA~ 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' vAlA mantra Aja vikRta arthoM meM apanAyA jA rahA hai| vartamAna yuga kI svArthamayatA evaM arthakendritatA ko Apane saTIka zabdoM meM abhivyakta kiyA hai / lekhanI kahatI hai : "bhArata meM darzana svAratha kA hotA hai|/haaN-haaN! itanA avazya parivartana huA hai/ki/"vasudhaiva kuTumbakam'. isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai/vasu yAnI dhana-dravya dhA yAnI dhAraNa karanA/Aja/dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kaa|" (pR. 82) pU~jIvAdI pravRtti ke kAraNa hI deza meM azAnti phaila gaI hai : "aba to"/astroM, zastroM, vastroM/aura kRpANoM para bhI 'dayA-dharma kA mUla hai'/likhA milatA hai|/kintu, ...kahA~ taka kaheM aba !/dharma kA jhaNDA bhI/DaNDA bana jAtA hai zAstra zastra bana jAtA hai/avasara paakr|" (pR. 73) kitanA saTIka vyaMgya hai yaha ! vartamAna kAla meM dhana kA bolabAlA hai, pada kA bolabAlA hai / pada ke pIche bhAgate hue dUsaroM ko pada dalita karanA, vipadAoM kA nirmANa karanA manuSya kA dharma bana gayA hai / dhana ne manuSya ko kitanA svArthI banA diyA hai: "vetana vAle vatana kI ora/kama dhyAna de pAte haiN| aura/cetana vAle tana kI ora/kaba dhyAna de pAte haiM ?" (pR. 123) khaTamala aura macchara ke saMvAda meM dhanavAnoM para karArA vyaMgya kiyA hai| jvaragrasta seTha ke rakta ke svAda ko lekara dhanikoM para vyaMgya karatA huA macchara kahatA hai : "are, dhanikoM kA dharma damadAra hotA hai,/unakI kRpA kRpaNatA para hotI hai, unake milana se kucha milatA nahIM,/kAkatAlIya-nyAya se kucha mila bhI jAya/vaha milana lavaNa-mizrita hotA hai
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________________ 66 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA pala meM pyAsa dugunI ho uThatI hai|" (pR. 385) idhara samAja eka-dUsare ke khUna kA pyAsA bana gayA hai| AdamI usa zvAna kI taraha bana gayA hai jo prayojanahIna bhauMkatA hai aura jIne ke lie pU~cha hilAtA hai / vaha svatantratA kA mUlya nahIM samajhatA hai / isase sarvatra malinatA A gaI hai| svArthAndhatA aura vyartha kI ApAdhApI ke kAraNa zAnti samAptaprAya hai, azAnti kA vikAsa ho gayA hai / azAnti se AtaMkavAda ko bar3hAvA milatA hai / AtaMkavAda samApta hogA tabhI para-mata ke prati sahiSNu aura aneka vikalpoM kI sambhAvanAoM ko svIkAra karane vAle 'anekAntavAda' kA zrIgaNeza hogA : "AtaMkavAda kA anta/aura/anantavAda kA shriignnesh|" (pR. 478) prazasta AcAra-vicAra vAle jIvana ko samAjavAda siddha karate hue Apa likhate haiM : "samAja kA artha hotA hai samUha/aura/samUha yAnI sama-samIcIna Uha-vicAra hai/jo sadAcAra kI nIMva hai / kula milA kara artha yaha huA ki/pracAra-prasAra se dUra prazasta AcAra-vicAra vAloM kA/jIvana hI samAjavAda hai| samAjavAda-samAjavAda cillAne mAtra se/samAjavAdI nahIM bnoge|" (pR. 461) lekina tarka para calanevAle vijJAna ke bar3hate caraNoM tathA svArthalipsA ke kAraNa samAja apanA rAstA bhUla gayA hai| karuNA bhAva ke abhAva meM hRdaya ke sthAna para 'sara' kA prayoga pramukha bana gayA hai, isalie 'asara'samApta ho gayA hai / ata: koSa ke zramaNoM ko chor3a kara hoza ke zramaNoM kI saMkhyA bar3hane, AtaMkavAda ke samApta hone, svArtha lipsA ke naSTa hone aura karuNA para AdhArita prazasta AcAra-vicAra kA vikAsa hone se hI samAja meM sukha-zAnti-sampannatA A sakatI hai| AtaMkavAda se vahI lar3a sakatA hai jo ni:svArtha bana samAja ke lie sara para kaphana bA~dha lene kI karuNA hRdaya meM pAlatA hai| kumbha isakA pratIka hai| AdhyAtmika samAjavAda kI dRSTi eka ora vikRti para prahAra karatI hai to dUsarI ora parivartana kI naI preraNA pradAna karatI hai| prastuta prabandhakAvya mAtra nIrasa darzana kI sIr3hiyoM kA pathadarzana nahIM karatA, vaha vartamAna se sIdhe nAtA jor3a kara AmUlacUla ahiMsAmaya,paramatasahiSNu, mAnava-maMgala-kAmI nae samAja kI sthApanA kA mArga bhI prazasta karatA hai| vaha rAstA hai nirvaira, zubhasaMkalpa dhAraNa karanevAle UrdhvakAmI kumbha kA / vicAra ke stara para AcaraNa kI uccatA isa kRti kI anyatama vizeSatA hai / prastuta kRti kA zilpapakSa bhI utanA hI zreSTha hai jitanA usakA cintnpkss| santa kavijI kI cintanazIlatA, kalpanApravaNatA, vistArakSamatA tathA mahAkAvyAtmaka virATatA ke eka sAtha darzana isa kRti meM hote haiN| prakRti-citraNa : isa kRti ke viSaya ke samAna isakA prakRti citraNa bhI virATatA,vyApakatA tathA vividhatA dhAre hue hai| isameM do prakAra ke citra prApta hote haiM-kAla evaM Rtue~ / kAla varNana meM prabhAta evaM aparAhna ke citra prApta hote haiM to Rtu varNana meM zizira, grISma evaM varSA ke / ina pradhAna citroM ke atirikta vibhinna avasaroM para alaMkAroM ke rUpa meM prakRti vidyamAna hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki prastuta kRti kA abhinaya' prakRti ke prAMgaNa meM hI sampanna hotA hai| ata: isa kRti kA 'sthAna' prakRti hI hai| prakRti citraNa ke prasaMga meM prathama citra haiM kAla ke / prabhAta belA ke rUpa-varNana se hI kRti kA Arambha hotA hai| yaha pUrA varNana mUla se hI dekhane yogya hai| sUryodaya ke sAtha kumudinI kI pA~khuriyoM ke simaTane para AcAryajI ne apanI komala kalpanAzIlatA ke sahAre eka raMgIna samA~ bA~dhA hai / prabhAkara ke sparza se bacane ke lie kumudinI mAno lajjA ke yUMghaTa meM chipa jAtI hai, tArAe~ apane patideva candramA ke pIche-pIche diganta meM isalie chipatI haiM ki divAkara unheM kahIM
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________________ dekha na le | isa sandhikAla kA chAyAvAdI citraNa saralatA meM bhI lAjavAba hai : "na nizAkara hai, na nizA/na divAkara hai, na divA abhI dizAyeM bhI andhI haiM / " (pR. 3) mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 67 kitanA saTIka, sarala, kintu spaSTa citra hai yaha sandhikAla kA ! ata: prAta: ke Agamana kI guptavArtA kI gandha kisI dUsare kI nAka taka nahIM jA sakatI, sAgara kI ora sarapaTa bhAganevAlI saritA isa vArtA ko suna nahIM pAtI / kitanA sUkSma, mohaka evaM saundaryalakSyI citra hai yaha ! kRti ke prArambha meM hI ApakI apUrva kalpanAvidhAyinI, sUkSma nirIkSaNakArI, saundaryavidhAyinI kavitvazakti kA paricaya prApta hotA hai| isa varNana meM citrAtmakatA, AlaMkArikatA evaM AkarSakatA hai / isa citra kI pRSThabhUmi para dharatI aura miTTI kA cintanagarbha saMvAda citraNa ko adhika pAvana banA detA hai / dharatI aura mATI ke bIca kI tattvacarcA ke pazcAt mATI meM navajIvana chA jAtA hai jisase use rAtri bhI prabhAta - sI lagatI hai, phira prabhAta kA kyA kahanA ! : " prabhAta Aja kA / kAlI rAtri kI pITha para halakI lAla syAhI se / kucha likhatA - sA hai, ki yaha antima rAta hai / aura / yaha Adima prabhAta / " (pR. 19) mATI ke jIvana meM parivartana lAnevAle prabhAta citraNa meM ullAsa, utsAha aura UrdhvagAmitA ke nizcaya kA saMketa hai / ata: usake lie Aja kA prabhAta Adima prabhAta hai / isa prabhAta meM aba hariyAlI khila jAtI hai, pAnI meM ha paidA hotA hai aura osakaNoM meM ullAsa / mATI ke jIvana meM nayA parva Ane vAlA hai / munijI ne yahA~ prabhAta kA harSollAsamaya manohara citra prastuta kiyA hai| isa varNana meM Apane prakRti ko mATI ke jIvana kI uccastarIya bhAvanA ke sAtha jor3a diyA hai| : " joza ke kSaNoM meM / prakAza - asaMga / " (pR. 21) prArambhika prabhAta varNana meM maMgalAcaraNa kA - sA svara hai, kalpanAzakti aura bAhyavarNana kA Agraha hai, to dUsare varNana meM mATI ke jIvana kI UrdhvatA kA saMketa hai, manovaijJAnikatA hai tathA kathAvastu ko Age le calane kI sUcakatA hai| prArambhika citra vizAla, ullAsamaya kainavAsa kI sUcanA pradAna karatA hai, to dUsarA dArzanikatA ko grahaNa karatA hai / isa kRti ke aparAhna kA citra apanI vizeSatA lie hue hai| Atapa aura umasa se bharI dopaharI kA udAsa evaM yAtanAmaya citra yahA~ nahIM hai| zilpI dvArA kue~ meM chor3I gaI bAlaTI se UrdhvakAmI machalI Upara A rahI hai| use dopaharI kI dhUpa kI AbhA se sukha kA anubhava hotA hai| dhUla sindUra - sI lagatI hai / sUrya kI aMganA dhUpa upAzrama kI sevA meM rata hai| lekina isa samaya rUparAzi Izvara - sI asparzya hai / vaha pakar3a meM nahIM AtI / yaha mAno upAzrama kI chAyA kA pariNAma hai| zilpI ke A~gana ko yahA~ svargIya batAyA hai| dhUpa bhI jyotsnA-sama pratIta hotI hai mAno svabhAvadarzana se kriyA kA abhAva utpanna hotA hai / kAla varNana meM saralatA, kalpanAzIlatA, sahajatA, soddezyatA evaM prasaMgAnukUlatA hai| manohAritA aura navInatA inakI vizeSatAe~ haiM / inameM sahaja AlaMkArikatA, divyatA aura pAvanatA vidyamAna hai / munijI kI cintanazIlatA inheM vyApa letI hai to anAyAsa kavitvazakti kulA~ceM mAratI rahatI hai| prakRti paTI ke isa virAT abhinaya ke ye bhinna-bhinna citra apane rUpa meM bhI utane hI zreSTha bana par3e haiM / kAla ke atirikta Rtu varNana isa kRti kI eka aura vizeSatA hai| isameM pradhAnata: zItakAla, grISmakAla tathA
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________________ 68 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA varSAkAla ke citra haiN| kAla varNana se Rtu varNana adhika lambe aura vistRta haiN| inameM bhI varSA kA varNana sarvAdhika vistRta hai| isa prabandhakAvya ke tIsare khaNDa kA Arambha hI varSA varNana se hotA hai aura vaha pUre khaNDa ko hI vyApa letA hai| zilpI ne kuMkuma-sama mRdu mATI meM pAnI DAlA hai / mATI phUla rahI hai / mATI aura pAnI ekameka ho gae haiN| zilpI apane kAma meM nimagna hai ki zItakAla kA Agamana hotA hai| sarvatra himapAta ho rahA hai| ThaNDI havA baha rahI hai| zizira Rtu ke kAraNa latAoM kA raMga pIlA ho gayA hai / ka~paka~pI phaila rahI hai / dA~ta baja rahe haiN| dina meM bhI sikur3ana A gaI hai| isa kAla meM dopaharI meM bhI sUrya natamAtha hai| sarvatra hima kA bolabAlA hai / zani kI khanI, bhaya-mada-agha kI janI rAta dugunI ho gaI hai| yaha kAla sabako akhara rahA hai| lekina isakA zilpI para koI asara nahIM hai| vaha to prakRti se jur3A huA hai / zItala zIlavAlA hai / isa sthiti kA niSkarSa dhyAtavya hai : "puruSa prakRti se/yadi dUra hogA/nizcita hI vaha/vikRti kA pUra hogA puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI/mokSa hai, sAra hai|" (pR. 93) zItakAla ke yathAtathya, sarala, bAhya citraNa se jo niSkarSa prastuta kiyA gayA hai, vaha AcAryajI kI cintanazIla prakRti kA paricAyaka hai / yaha tathya pUrI kRti meM sarvatra vyApta hai / zItakAla ke samApta hote-hote zilpI ne kumbha kI nirmiti kI hai tathA use sukhAyA bhI hai, lekina kumbha meM abhI jalatva zeSa hai / vasanta kI samApti ke sAtha grISma kAla prArambha ho gayA hai / sUrya kA pracaNDa Atapa hai, dhUpa cilacilA rahI hai, pRthvI kA peTa mAno phaTa gayA hai, havAe~ Aga ugala rahI haiN| pAnI ke kSetra aise sUkha gae haiM ki nadI dIna bana gaI hai, nAliyA~ dharatI meM lIna ho gaI haiN| aba sUrya ko apanI yAtrA pUrNa karane meM adhika samaya lagatA hai, usakI gati meM zithilatA A gaI hai, ata: dina bar3e ho gae haiM / grISma ke prabhAva ke kAraNa dharatI kI hariyAlI samApta ho gaI hai, latikAoM meM phala nahIM haiM, havA ruka gaI hai, phUloM kI muskAna samApta ho gaI hai, pariNAmata: madhupoM kA guMjana bhI samApta ho gayA hai| phira rAga-parAga kahA~, mahaka-cahaka kahA~ ? mRtaprAya-sI pratIta honavAlI dharatI meM aba bhI jIvana zeSa hai| yaha sahI hai : "binA tapa ke jalatva kA, ajJAna kA,/vilaya ho nahIM sakatA/aura binA tapa ke jalatva kA, varSA kA,/udaya ho nahIM sktaa|" (pR. 176) grISma kI tapana ke isa yAtanAmaya kAla meM AkAza meM bAdala chA jAte haiN| dhArAsAra varSA ho rahI hai| dharatI ne pAnI ke moha se varSA kA svAgata hI kiyA / vaha luTa gaI, vasuMdharA nahIM rhii| dharatI ke vaibhava ko bahA le jAkara hI sAgara ratnAkara bana gayA hai| munijI ne pralaya varSA kA aisA zreSTha varNana kiyA hai ki Apa kI pratibhA ke sammukha natamastaka honA par3atA hai| mATI ke kumbha ko samApta karane ke lie varSA kI anavarata jhar3I cala rahI hai| sUrya apane Atapa dvArA bAdaloM ko rokane kA prayAsa kara rahA hai, lekina varSA ke mala sAgara se barAbara adhika bhayAnaka bAdala taiyAra hokara AkramaNa kara rahe haiM, candramA sAgara ko ukasA rahA hai / yahA~ bAdaloM aura sUrya ke bIca barAbara saMgharSa jArI hai, AkramaNa pratyAkramaNa ho rahe haiN| kabhI eka pakSa vijaya kI ora bar3hatA hai, to kabhI dUsarA / sUrya bAdaloM ko samajhA rahA hai, lekina bAdala apanA AkramaNa aura adhika teja, aura adhika bhayAnaka kara rahe haiN| aisA pratIta ho rahA hai ki yaha varSA rukegI nahIM, pralaya hogI aura saba kucha usameM svAhA ho jAegA / sUrya ke prayAsoM ke bAvajUda bAdaloM kA AkramaNa aura prakhara bana rahA hai / tIna bAdala taiyAra hote haiN| unameM se eka itanA kAlA hai ki bhramaroM ne bhramavaza apane sAthiyoM kA sAtha chor3a diyA hai| dUsarA bAdala viSa ugalate hue viSadhara-sama nIlA hai, jo pake pIle dhAna ke kheta ko haritAbha banA rahA hai| tIsarA bAdala kabUtara ke raMga kA hai / isa apUrva, vinAzakArI yuddha kA AtaMka itanA z2abaradasta hai ki tInoM bAdala cANDAla-sama lagate haiN| pracaNDa zItavAle, ghamaNDI, niSThura, kalahI bAdaloM se bhayabhIta hokara amAvasyA eka mahIne meM eka bAra hI ghara chor3akara bAhara AtI hai / mohabhUta ke vaza hone se ye bAdala kisI ke vaza meM nahIM Ate / sahI hai, durAzayI, duSTa, durAcArI,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 69 pratizodhI kabhI sukRta nahIM cAhate haiN| bAdala sUrya ke prabhAmaNDala ko bhI nisteja kara rahe haiN| sUrya ke teja ke kAraNa sAgara kI sahAyatA ke lie rAhu AtA hai aura vaha sUrya ko grasa detA hai / aba dharatI ke rajakaNa bAdaloM kA rAstA rokate haiN| indradhanuSa kA nirmANa hotA hai, indra pratyakSa na Akara dhanuSa ke rUpa meM isa yuddha meM sammilita hotA hai / indra ke amogha astra ke prahAra se megha rone lagate haiM, bijalI kA~pane lagatI hai| sAgara oloM kI varSA karatA hai| isa prakAra kaI dinoM ke anavarata mahAyuddha ke bAda AkAza nirabhra hotA hai / varSA ruka jAtI hai| prastuta kRti kA tIsarA khaNDa varSA varNana se vyApta hai / yaha varNana lagabhaga 75 pRSThoM kA varNana hai / prakRti ke isa kAla kA itanA vistRta varNana anyatra durlabha hai| varSA varNana ko munijI ne eka kathAtmaka bAnA pahanA diyA hai| sAgara aura sUrya ke bIca eka yuddha chir3a jAtA hai / isa yuddha meM kabhI sAgara kA pakSa balavAn siddha hotA hai, to kabhI sUrya kA pakSa / ka dUsare ko lalakArA jAtA hai to kabhI samajhA-bujhAne kA prayAsa hotA hai| sAgara dala meM candramA, rAha sammilita hote haiM, sUrya dala meM indra Adi / dekhate hI dekhate mahAyuddha khar3A hotA hai| isa prakAra muni pratibhA ise nATakIyatA pradAna karatI hai| nATakIyatA ke sAtha-sAtha isa citra meM AcAryajI kI kalpanAzakti aura kavitvazakti apanI pUrI sAmarthya evaM zreSThatA ke sAtha vidyamAna hai| sAgara ko ratnAkara kahA jAtA hai / kavivarya kI kalpanA eka nayA citra khar3A karatI hai| dharatI kA dhana varSA ke kAraNa sAgara taka pahu~catA hai / dharatI nirdhana banatI hai aura corI ke dhana se sAgara ratnAkara bana jAtA hai| candramA kA nAma sudhAkara hai / munijI ne kalpanA kI hai ki jalatattva se ghUsa lekara candramA sudhAkara bana gayA hai| vaha vasudhA kI sudhA kA pAna karake sudhAkara banatA hai| pariNAmata: vaha lajjA se kalaMkita hai jisase vaha rAta meM ghara se bAhara nikalatA hai, cora kI taraha, mu~ha chipAkara / motiyoM ke nirmANa para kavikalpanA adhika vikasita hotI hai| vaMzI jala ko vaMzamuktA banAtA hai / isalie kRSNa bhI vaMzI kI muktakaNTha se prazaMsA karate haiN| isI prakAra nAga, sUkara, maccha, gaja Adi bhI dharatI ke vaMza hone se unake nAma se motI jAne jAte haiN| isa prakAra pUre citraNa meM kalpanA kI aisI jhar3I sarvatra vyApta hai| eka citra apane paripUrNa rUpa meM AtA hai, kabhI sAMga rUpaka banakara kabhI mAlyopamA banakara / kula milAkara isameM apUrva bimba nirmANa kSamatA vidyamAna hai / vibhinna alaMkAroM kA sahaja, svAbhAvika prayoga isa varNana kI zobhA ko bar3hAtA hai| munijI ne bAdala ko nArI rUpa dekara use badalI kahA hai / ati varSA se vyApta dharatI ko bacAne ke lie sUrya apanI patniyoM - badaliyoM ko unake mamatAmayI strIrUpa kI yAda dilAtA hai / isa prasaMga meM mahilA, abalA, kumArI, strI, sutA, duhitA, mAtA Adi nArI viSayaka zabdoM aura sambandhoM kI vyAkhyAe~ prastuta kI gaI haiN| isameM nArI prazasti ke sAtha zabdoM ke mUla taka pahu~cane kI munijI kI pratibhA kA paricaya prApta hotA hai| yuddha ke vibhinna astroM, dA~vapeMcoM, ghAta-pratighAtoM ke citroM meM bhI pratibhA kA nirbAdha vilAsa dikhAI detA hai| pratibhA, prabandhAtmakatA, citrAtmakatA, kalpanAzIlatA, nATakIyatA, bimbAtmakatA, AlaMkArikatA kA aisA yoga aura citraNa kI sajIvatA, spaSTatA, prabhAvazIlatA kA rUpa anyatra durlabha hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki mAtra yaha khaNDa bhI AcAryajI kI mahAkAvyAtmaka pratibhA kA zreSTha paricaya detA hai / yaha khaNDa apane Apa meM svatantra aura svayaM pUrNa hastI rakhatA hai / munijI ne ise mUla viSaya se jor3a kara apanI nirmiti-kuzalatA aura prabandhAtmaka pratibhA kA apUrva paricaya diyA hai / ata: isakA apanA svatantra sthAna bhI siddha hotA hai aura kRti ko mahAkAvyAtmakatA pradAna karane meM sahAyaka siddha hotA hai| isa varNana se aura do-eka tathya spaSTa hote haiN| isase munijI kA jalatattva kI apekSA dharatI ke prati adhika jhukAva siddha hotA hai / ata: yahA~ jalatattva se mahAsaMgharSa citrita hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki yaha citra dharatI kI zreSThatA kA mahAgAna prastuta karatA hai / isa saMgharSa se eka bAta yaha bhI spaSTa hotI hai ki sAdhanA ke rAste meM AnevAle vighnoM kA DaTakara mukAbalA karane se hI UrdhvagAmitva sambhava hai / isa saMgharSa ke Atapa meM tapakara kumbha apanI yAtrA saphala banA
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________________ 70 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sakatA hai / isakA rahasya yaha hai ki prakRti se jur3akara hI kumbha apanI yAtrA meM yaza prApta karatA hai| niSkarSa rUpa ThIka hI likhA gayA hai: "nisarga se hI/sRj-dhAtu kI bhA~ti/bhinna-bhinna upasarga pA tumane svayaM ko/jo/nisarga kiyA,/so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA vargAtIta apavarga huaa|" (pR. 483) kahanA na hogA ki 'mUkamATI' prakRti ke virATatA para aMkita Urdhvagamana kA eka apUrva kAvya hai| isameM kevala kucha zramaNoM kI athavA zilpI yA seTha aura usake parivAra kI UrdhvayAtrA kI kahAnI nahIM hai, prakRti kI abhinna aMga mATI kI UrdhvayAtrA kI saphalatA kI gAthA hai| saMvAda : saMvAda isa kRti ke prANa haiN| ina saMvAdoM kI katipaya vizeSatAe~ haiN| saMvAdoM dvArA AcAryazrI kA cintana hI vizeSakara ubharakara A gayA hai / inake mAdhyama se nirjIva pAtroM ko bhI sajIva banA diyA gayA hai aura pariNAmata: nATakIyatA kA bhI nirvAha ho sakA hai| yahA~ dharatI, mATI, kaMkara, rassI, lekhanI, kA~TA, kumbha, babUla kI lakar3I, zrIphala, patra, kapola, laTa, svarNa kalaza, kalasI Adi nirjIva pAtra to sUrya, bAdala, sAgara, agni Adi saceta-se pAtra bhI bolate haiN| vibhinna rasa, AtaMkavAda, cetanA Adi bhAvavAcaka pAtra bhI bolate haiM, phira zilpI, rAjA, sevaka, seTha to boleMge hii| isa kRti meM sajIva pAtra kama bolate haiM aura nirjIva pAtra adhika bolate haiN| nirjIva pAtra bhI apanI bAtoM dvArA apanI cAritrika vizeSatAoM ko bhI spaSTa karate haiN| babUla kI lakar3I kA yaha kathana dekhie : "janma se hI hamArI prakRti kar3I hai/hama lakar3I jo rahIM lagabhaga dharatI ko jA chU rahI haiM/hamArI pApa kI pAlar3I bhArI ho par3I hai|" (pR.271) lakar3I kA kar3Apana, dharatI kI ora khisakanA Adi kA kitanA sarala aura yathAtathya citraNa hai| isI prakAra prAyaH hara pAtra apanI vizeSatA spaSTa karatA hai / saMkocazIlA, lAjavatI mATI kA yaha dAsyabhAva yukta Atmanivedana dekhie : "svayaM patitA hU~/aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se, 'adhama pApiyoM se/pada-dalitA hU~ mA~ ! sukha-muktA hU~/duHkha-yuktA hU~/tiraskRta tyaktA hU~ mA~ !" (pR. 4) eka ora aise vinayayukta vacana haiM, to dUsarI ora ahaMkAra se yukta bhI / seTha jvaragrasta avasthA meM behoza ho gayA hai| bistara meM khaTamala hai, seTha ke cAroM ora macchara cakkara kATa rahA hai| lekina donoM apane caritra ke anurUpa seTha ke jvarayukta zarIra kA khUna nahIM pA sakate / apane kukarma ko kukarma na mAnakara ve seTha ko hI doSI ThaharAte haiN| unake saMvAda meM kathana kA tirachApana eka ora unake caritra ko ujAgara karatA hai to dUsarI ora eka vyaMgya kA nirmANa karatA hai| macchara khaTamala se kaha rahA hai : "are, dhanikoM kA dharma damadAra hotA hai,/unakI kRpA kRpaNatA para hotI hai, unake milana se kucha milatA nahIM,/kAkatAlIya-nyAya se/kucha mila bhI jAya vaha milana lavaNa-mizrita hotA hai/pala meM pyAsa dugunI ho uThatI hai|" (pR. 385) jvarayukta vyakti kA khUna khaTTA hotA hai / isa tathya ko pakar3akara dhanikoM para kitanA sahI vyaMgya kiyA hai !
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA ::71 isameM vacanavakratA, vyaMgyAtmakatA aura vAg-vidagdhatA kUTa-kUTakara bharI huI hai| aise aura bhI kaI udAharaNa prApta hote haiN| pAtroM kI caritragata vizeSatA ke anurUpa tathA prasaMgoM ke anukUla saMvAda sarvatra pAe jA sakate haiN| AtaMkavAda kA yaha AvAhana dekhie: "pakar3o ! pakar3o !/Thaharo ! Thaharo!/sunate ho yA nahIM/are baharo! maro yA/hamArA samarthana karo,/are saMsAra ko zvabhra meM/utArane vAlo! kisI ko bhI tAranevAle nahIM ho tuma !/are pApa ke mApadaNDo! suno ! suno !" jarA suno!" (pR. 467) bhAgate hue kumbha seTha aura seTha parivAra ko sambodhita karate hue AtaMkavAda kA prastuta kathana usakI bhayAnakatA aura uddhatatA ko spaSTa karatA hai| Atmaparicaya, Atmanivedana, sambodhana, vyaMgya ke sAtha-sAtha saMvAdoM meM ucita sthAnoM para culabulApana aura usase utpanna vyaMgya bhI hai / machalI UrdhvayAtrA ke lie tatpara hai, lekina eka mohayAtrI machalI isa yAtrA ke lie kataI taiyAra nahIM hai / use yaha samajhAkara ki yahA~ par3I rahogI to bar3I machalI choTI machalI ko nigala legI hI, usakA mArmika uttara hai ki hama apane ke kAma to Ae~gI, AdamI kA kyA bharosA ? vaha kahatI hai : "bAharI likhAvaTa-sI/bhItarI likhAvaTa/mAla mila jAye, phira kahanA hI kyA !/ yahA~"to""/'mu~ha meM rAma/bagala meM churI' bagulAI chalatI hai|" (pR. 72) vaha phira kahatI hai : "astroM, zastroM, vastroM aura kRpANoM para bhI 'dayA -dharma kA mUla hai'/likhA milatA hai / " (pR. 73) bhASA kA prayoga, kathana meM machalI-sI caMcalatA aura vakratA to hai hii| isake atirikta, kitane sahaja, sarala zabdoM meM manuSya kI vAstavikatA kA bhaNDAphor3a kara diyA hai| isa kRti ke saMvAdoM meM aise sthAna kama nahIM haiN| saMvAdoM meM pAtrAnukUla vividhatA inakI pramukha vizeSatA hai| lekina prastuta kRti ke saMvAdoM meM pramukhatA rahI hai tattvacintana aura nItizikSA kii| isa kRti meM aise saikar3oM sthala sarvatra prApta hote haiM / dharatI kA mATI ko upadeza isakA bahuta acchA udAharaNa hai / sAdhanA patha kI kaThinatA, sAdhanA ke mArga ke avarodhoM ke prati mATI ko saceta karate hue apane patha se vicalita na hone kI sIkha isakA udAharaNa hai| cintanagarbha saMvAda paryApta vistRta haiM, jo Avazyaka bhI haiN| inameM AkhyAnAtmakatA, vyAkhyAmayatA tathA mArmikatA bhI hai| eka-eka tattva ko udghATita karane ke hetu die gae sarva jJAta dRSTAnta tathA dArzanika cintana kA manohara mela inameM hai| lekina aise saMvAdoM meM nirA upadeza nahIM, jo saMvAda ko nIrasa banA de| inake mAdhyama se santa kavi ne Avazyaka TippaNI dvArA cintana ke eka-eka aMga aura aMza ko udghATita kiyA hai| varNana : prakRti citraNa meM varNanAtmakatA hai hI, kintu prAkRtika citroM ke atirikta AcAryajI ne isa kRti meM sthAnasthAna para vibhinna bhAvoM ko varNanAtmaka zailI meM prastuta kiyA hai / ata: prastuta kRti ke varNanoM para alaga se likhanA Avazyaka hai| bAdala sUrya ko cunautI dete hue jaba dUSita vacanoM kI varSA karate haiM taba munijI isa sthiti kA varNana karate hue likhate haiM : "kaThora karkaza karNa-kaTu/zabdoM kI mAra suna
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________________ 72 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA dazoM - dizAyeM badhira ho gaIM, / nabha - maNDala nisteja huA phaile bAdala - daloM meM DUba-sA gayA avagAha-pradAtA avagAhita-sA ho gayA !" (pR. 232 ) ghanaghora ghaTAoM se Acchanna AkAza maNDala kI bhayaMkaratA, udAsIna sthiti kI nirmita Adi kA pUrA citra yahA~ khar3A hotA hai tathA eka bhAva kI sRSTi bhI hotI hai| aise aura bhI kaI citra isa kRti meM prApta hote haiM / pralaya varSA prasaMga meM aise katipaya udAharaNa sarvatra vidyamAna haiN| sAgara aura sUrya kA eka mahAsamara jArI hai| kabhI sAgara sUrya para chA tA hai to kabhI sUrya kI vijaya spaSTa hone lagatI hai| sUrya ke pratApa se bAdala aura sAgara hAra se gae, taba sAgara ne rAhu kA AvAhana kiyA / pAnI aura kiraNoM ke mela se AkAza meM svargIya raMgInI phaila gaI jisase rAhu gumarAha ho gayA / ne isa sthiti kA manorama citra prastuta kiyA hai : 1 "yAna meM bhara-bhara / jhila - mila, jhila-mila anagina nidhiyA~/ aisI ha~satI dhavalima ha~siyA~ manahara hIraka maulika-maNiyA~ / muktA - mU~gA mANika - chaviyA~ pukharAjoM kI pIlima paTiyA~ / rAjAoM meM rAga ubharatA nIlama ke naga rajatima char3iyA~ / " (pR. 235-236) isa varNana meM raMga jJAna, zabda prayoga Adi kA paricaya to prApta hotA hI hai, munijI kI sUkSma nirIkSaNazakti, prakRti se tAdAtmya kA bhI zreSTha citra milatA hai / yaha citra aisA manorama mAyAjAla khar3A karatA hai ki rAhu rAstA bhUla to koI Azcarya nahIM / apanI sthiti se rAhu ukatA jAtA hai aura phira krodha se sUrya ko grasatA hai : "yaha sandhyAkAla hai yA / akAla meM kAla kA Agamana / tilaka se virahita / lalanA - lalATa- tala- sama gaganAMgana kA A~gana / abhirAma kahA~ rahA vaha ?" (pR. 238 ) AkAza kA raMgahIna rUpa lalanA ke tilaka virahita lalATa-sA bana gayA hai / gaganAMganA kA abhirAma priya ojhala - sA ho gayA hai / akAla meM sandhyAkAla kA Agamana huA hai| kitanA saTIka citra hai yaha ! lekina isa samara kA anta nizcita hai / pralayakAlIna varSA ke pazcAt AkAza ke nirabhra ho jAne para jo utsAhajanya sthiti paidA hotI hai, usakA citra dekhie : "gagana kI galiyoM meM, / nayI umaMga, naye raMga aMga-aMga meM nayI taraMga / nayI USA to nayI USmA naye utsava to nayI bhUSA / " (pR. 263 ) yaha sarala kintu utsAhapUrNa citra dekhate hI banatA hai / harSa, ullAsa, khuzI, pIr3A, karuNA, krodha, bhayaMkaratA, udAsInatA, nirAzA, AzA, ISat zRMgAra Adi ke anekAneka citra pUrI kRti meM bhare par3e haiM / AcAryajI kI varNanakSamatA, dRzyoM kI vividhatA aura virATatA, alaMkaraNa paddhati, Azaya saghanatA, cintanazIlatA ke anekAneka dRzya ApakI apAra varNanazakti ke paricaya dete haiM / zabda se usake marma taka : 'mUkamATI' ke racayitA kI mahAkAvyAtmaka pratibhA ke anurUpa varNanazakti, saMvAdapaddhati ke sAtha-sAtha unakI cintanazIlatA bhI unakI bhASA-zailI ke vibhinna pahaluoM ko udghATita karatI hai / AcAryajI kI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 73 cintanazIlatA aura bhASAdhikAra ke darzana taba hote haiM jaba Apa eka-eka zabda ke mUla taka pahu~cate haiM aura usake rahasya ko kholate haiN| isa sandarbha meM Apane kumbhakAra, gadahA, saMsAra, svapna Adi zabdoM kI jo vyAkhyAe~ prastuta kI haiM, ve maulika haiM / 'kuM' aura 'bha' ke mUlArtha ke AdhAra para Apa kumbhakAra ko bhAgyavidhAtA batAte haiM to rogahAraka ko gadahA / 'saMsAra' zabda kI vyAkhyA vizeSa draSTavya hai : "sR dhAtu gati ke artha meM AtI hai, / saM yAnI samIcIna sAra yAnI sarakanA / jo samyak sarakatA hai vaha saMsAra kahalAtA hai / " (pR. 161 ) 'svapna' zabda kA arthodghATana karate hue Apa kahate haiM ki nijabhAva kA rakSaNa na kara sakanevAlA svapnadarzI hotA hai| jo apanI rakSA khuda nahIM kara sakatA vaha auroM ko kyA sahayoga degA ? ata: sahI hai : "atIta se jur3A / mIta se mur3A bahu ulajhanoM meM ulajhA mana hI / svapna mAnA jAtA hai|" (pR. 295) pralaya varSA prasaMga meM sUrya dvArA prastuta nArI, mahilA, abalA, sutA Adi strIsUcaka zabdoM kI vyAkhyAe~ bhI mArmika, navIna tathA AcAryajI kI zreSTha cintanazIlatA aura pavitra AdarzavAditA kI paricAyaka haiN| nArI kI mahAnatA, komalatA, pavitratA Adi guNoM kA udghATana zabdArthoM dvArA kiyA gayA hai| yaha eka viziSTa zailI ApakI sAhitya ko dena hai / zabdoM evaM parikalpanAoM kI naI vyAkhyAoM ke samAna ApakI zailI meM eka anya vizeSatA dRSTigocara hotI hai, aura vaha hai viloma zailI / zabda vizeSa ke akSaroM ko viloma dvArA naI arthavattA pradAna karane kI ApakI vizeSatA ananya kahI jA sakatI hai / yaha mAtra camatkRti nirmANa ke Agraha kA pariNAma nahIM hai / isameM ApakI cintanazIlatA aura maulikatA ke darzana hote haiN| 'dayA', 'hIrA', 'rAkha', 'lAbha' Adi ke viloma 'yAda', 'rAhI', 'kharA', 'bhalA' isa tathya ko spaSTa karate haiN| 'dharatI' kI viloma dvArA prastuta vyAkhyA draSTavya hai : "dharatI tIradha/ yAnI, / jo tIra ko dhAraNa karatI hai yA zaraNAgata ko/ tIra para dharatI hai / vahI dharatI kahalAtI hai / " (pR. 452) Age calakara Apa 'dharatI' zabda meM kiMcit parivartana kara viloma dvArA 'tIratha' batAte haiM aura kahate haiM ki zaraNAgata ko jo tAratA hai, vahI sahI tIrthasthAna hai| 'dharaNI' zabda ko nIra dhAraNa karanevAlI kahakara usakI eka naI vyAkhyA prastuta karate haiN| dharatI aura dharaNI kI ye vyAkhyAe~ dharatI mAtA ke nae AzayoM ko hI spaSTa nahIM karatI, balki eka naI udAra, pavitra dRSTi kA bhI nirmANa karatI haiN| prakRti ke hara kaNa-kaNa ke prati cintana munijI kI AtmIyatA, ekarUpatA tathA maulikatA ko spaSTa karatA hai| prakRti ke prati yaha kAvyAtma cintana isa kRti ko mahAn banA detA hai / viloma ke prayoga ke samAna zabdoM ke, akSaroM ke viziSTa vigraha dvArA bhI Apa naI bhUmikA prastuta karate haiM / AdamI zabda ko AdamI, kRpANa ko kRpA-na, namana ko namana athavA na-mana, kalasI ko kala-sI Adi isI zailI kucha udAharaNa haiN| isI taraha kA yaha prayoga draSTavya hai : ke 66 'kama balavAle hI / kambalavAle hote haiM / " (pR. 92 ) yamaka, zleSa Adi zabdAlaMkAroM kI sRSTi ke Agraha se aise prayoga nahIM prApta hote haiN| yaha ApakI zailI kI maulika vizeSatA hai| isa vyutpattimUlaka zailI ke pIche ApakI vyApaka, virAT, zubhaMkara tathA hitakArI cintanazIlatA
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________________ 74 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA evaM dArzanikatA kAma karatI hai| isa paddhati ke prayoga ke pariNAmasvarUpa zailI meM camatkRti bhI anAyAsa A jAtI hai| zailI ke kucha AyAma : isa vivecana se yaha tAtparya nahIM ki Apane vyutpattimUlaka, varNanAtmaka tathA saMvAdazailiyoM kA hI prayoga kiyA hai| isa kRti meM prasaMgAnurUpa vibhinna zailiyoM kA aisA prayoga kiyA hai ki sabake udAharaNa yahA~ na die jA sakate haiM aura na hI sambhava haiN| tathApi vividhatA darzAnevAle kucha cune hue udAharaNa yahA~ dene kA moha saMvaraNa nahIM hotA hai / pralayasadRza varSA ho rahI hai / sarvatra trAhi-trAhi macI hai| dharatI kI sthiti ko dekhakara sUrya prakhara kiraNoM dvArA bAdaloM ko dUra bhagAne kA upakrama kara rahA hai| apane rAste meM isa vyAghAta ko dekha kara bAdala kSubdha ho uThate haiN| apanI karatUta se bAdaloM meM ghamaNDa, uddhatatA aura uddaNDatA paidA ho gaI hai| ve sUrya ko lalakArate hue sambodhita karate haiM : " are khara prabhAkara, suna ! / bhale hI gaganamaNi kahalAtA hai tU, saura maNDala devatA-graha - / graha- gaNoM meM agra tujhameM vyagratA kI sImA dikhatI hai / are ugraziromaNi ! terA vigraha""yAnI-/deha-dhAraNa karanA vRthA hai / kAraNa,/ kahA~ hai tere pAsa vizrAma gRha ? / tabhI to dina bhara dIna-hIna-sA / dara-dara bhaTakatA rahatA hai !" (pR. 231 ) isa uddhata, uddaNDa lalakAra meM tarka kA zreSTha saMketa bhI hai| choTe mu~ha bar3I bAta ! asabhya kI bAtoM meM grAmyatA aura ghamaNDa kA vAsa rahatA hI hai| AcAryajI kI zailI nIca aura durjana kI bhAvanA ko zabdoM meM pakar3a pAne meM saphala ho gaI hai / uddaNDatA ke sAtha-sAtha dayanIya sthiti kA citra prastuta karate hue pakSiyoM kA kaisA tarkasaMgata varNana kiyA hai ! rAhu ne sUrya ko grasa liyA hai aura pakSIgaNa vicalita ho uThe haiM : " mAsUma mamatA kI mUrti / svaira-vihArI svatantra - saMjJI saMgIta - jIvI saMyama - tantrI / sarva-saMgoM se mukta ni:saMga aMga hI saMgItI-saMgI jisa kA / saMgha - samAja sevI vAtsalya-pUra vakSastala !" (pR. 239 ) .. paMchiyoM ke lie apanAe gae vizeSaNa paMchiyoM kA pUrNa paricaya karAne meM pUrNataH sakSama haiN| paMchiyoM ke samasta guNavizeSoM se yukta yaha citra AcAryajI kI mahA pratibhA kI sahaja abhivyakti hai / rAhu ke kAranAmoM se trasta pakSIdala apane-apane nIr3oM meM pahu~ca cupacApa, nistabdha baiTha gayA hai| unakI nistabdhatA kA citra dekhie : "ye to kala ke hI karNa haiM/ parantu, kheda hai kala kA rava kahA~ hai vaha kalarava ?/kalakaNTha kA kaNTha bhI kuNThita huA vana - upavana - nandana meM / kevala bhara-bhara AyA hai karuNa-krandana Akrandana !" (pR. 240 ) kala ke kalaravakAriyoM ke isa citra meM prabhAva to hai hI, sAtha - sAtha yamaka, anuprAsa Adi alaMkAroM kA bhI sahaja prayoga mohaka bhI hai / ina kucha udAharaNoM ke atirikta aura bhI aise kaI sthala haiM, jahA~ AcAryajI kI bhASA-zailI kI vizeSatAoM namUne prApta hote haiN| vibhinna rasa paraspara vArtAlApa dvArA Atmaparicaya aura kahIM-kahIM paranindA karate haiM / AcAryajI kI zailIgata kuzalatA kA yahA~ sundara prayoga prApta hotA hai| rasa kI vizeSatA ke anusAra bhASA evaM zailI meM bhinnatA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 75 AcAryajI ke pANDitya aura bhASAdhikAra ko siddha karatI hai / bhayAnaka rasa kA yaha citra dekhie : "bhItara se bAhara, bAhara se bhItara/eka sAtha, sAta-sAta hAtha ke sAta-sAta hAthI A-jA sakate/itanA bar3A guphA-sama mahAsattA kA mahAbhayAnaka/mukha khulA hai/jisakI dAr3ha-jabAr3a meM siMdarI A~khoMvAlA bhaya/bAra-bAra ghUra rahA hai bAhara, jisake mukha se adha-nikalI lohita rasanA/laTaka rahI hai aura/jisase Tapaka rahI hai lAra/lAla-lAla lahU kI buuNdeN-sii|" (pR. 136) bhayAnaka ke samAna AtaMkavAda kA citra bhI draSTavya hai: "mastaka ke bAla/saghana, kuTila aura kRSNa haiM jo skandhoM taka A laTaka rahe haiM/karAla-kAle vyAla se lagate haiN|" (pR. 427) citrAtmaka zailI meM varNya-viSaya kA yathAtathya, paripUrNa evaM prabhAvazAlI citra prastuta karane meM munijI kI kAvyakuzalatA pUrNata: nikhara uThatI hai / sahaja, sarala aura spaSTa, abhidhAmUlaka zabdoM dvArA bAhya citra ke sAtha-sAtha cAritrika vizeSatA aura paramparApuSTa sAMskRtika dharohara kA sammizraNa Apake kAvya kauzala kI anyatama vizeSatAe~ citrazailI ke sAtha-sAtha tulanAtmaka zailI kA prayoga bhI vizeSa AkarSaka hai / 'adhyAtma' aura 'darzana', 'hI' aura 'bhI' kI tulanAe~ isa sandarbha meM vizeSa mahattvapUrNa haiN| tulanIya viSaya kI taha taka pahu~cane, ucita sthAna para cintana athavA vyaMgya kA prayoga karane tathA varNya viSaya ke pahaluoM kI bhinnatA ko pUrNarUpeNa prastuta karane kI kSamatA apUrva hai| ___ dIpaka aura 'mazAla' kI tulanA isa sandarbha meM vizeSa draSTavya hai / sAdhAraNataH, eka pakSa kI zreSThatA tathA dUsare kI kaniSThatA dikhAne ke lie tulanA kI jAtI hai| adhyAtma aura darzana kI tulanA meM zreSThatA-kaniSThatA vAlA aMza kama hai, lekina 'hI' aura 'bhI' tathA 'dIpaka' aura 'mazAla' kI tulanA meM yaha aMza adhika hai / tulanA meM ahaMkAra tuSTi, AtmazlAghA tathA zreSThatA ko sthAna hotA hai / ata: isase spardhA bar3hatI hai / AcAryajI ne eka sthAna para tulanA ke bAre meM sahI likhA hai: "vaha tulanA kI kriyA hI/prakArAntara se spardhA hai; spardhA prakAza meM lAtI hai/kahIM sudUrajA"bhItara baiThI ahaMkAra kI sUkSma sattA ko|" (pR. 339) isa prakAra AcAryajI ke lekhana meM cintana ko vizeSa sthAna prApta hai| Apake kavi kI kuzalatA ne cintana ko samUrtatA, nATakIyatA, bhAvAtmakatA pradAna kI hai aura inase vibhinna zailiyoM kI sRSTi ho sakI hai| 'mUkamATI' meM tatsama zabdAvalI kI pradhAnatA hai| kahIM-kahIM tadbhava zabdoM kA prayoga bhI kiyA hai| AdamI 'parantu', 'galata', 'lata' Adi hindI-saMskRtetara zabdoM ke prayoga bhI prApta hote haiM kintu inakI saMkhyA sImita hai tathA ve bahupracalita bhI haiN| kRti meM Avazyaka sthAnoM para muhAvaroM kA bhI ucita prayoga kiyA gayA hai / sUktimayatA isakI sahajaprApta vizeSatA hai, yathA : 0 "gagana kA pyAra kabhI/dharA se ho nahIM sakatA madana kA pyAra kabhI/jarA se ho nahIM sktaa|" (pR. 353) 0 "mana kI chA~va meM hI/mAna panapatA hai|" (pR. 97)
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________________ 76 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA O " sahadharmI sajAti meM ho / vaira vaimanaska bhAva / paraspara dekhe jAte haiM / " (pR. 71 ) aise zatAdhika udAharaNa prastuta kRti meM sahaja hI prApta ho sakate haiM / bhASA ke sambandha meM kucha anya vizeSatAe~ bhI draSTavya haiN| saMskRta vacanoM kA vyAvahArika dRSTAtoM dvArA anuvAda prastuta karanA ApakI anyatama vizeSatA hai / 'utpAda - vyaya-dhauvyayuktaM sat' kA yaha anuvAda dekhie : "AnA, jAnA, lagA huA hai / AnA yAnI janana- utpAda hai jAnA yAnI maraNa - vyaya hai / lagA huA yAnI sthira-dhauvya hai aura/ hai yAnI cira- sat / yahI satya hai yahI tathya !" (pR. 185) isI prakAra jaina darzana kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI ke arthoM ko bhI Apane sahaja, sarala bhASA meM anUdita kiyA hai / kI mRdutA kA kyA hI sundara citra aMkita kiyA hai Apane ! : "Amra - maMjula - maMjarI / komalatama koMpaloM kI masRNatA bhUla cukI apanI asmitA yahA~ para / " (pR. 127) grISma Rtu se sRSTi meM jo parivartana A gayA hai, usakA bhI zreSTha citra Apane khIMcA hai : "vaha rAga kahA~, parAga kahA~ / cetanA kI vaha jAga kahA~ ? vaha mahaka nahIM, vaha cahaka nahIM, / vaha grAhya nahIM, vaha gahaka nahIM, vaha 'vi' kahA~, vaha kavi kahA~, /maMju -kiraNadhara vaha ravi kahA~ ?" (pR. 179 ) grISma ke kAraNa hariyAlI samApta ho gaI hai, phaloM kI madhurimA samApta ho gaI hai, manda, sugandhayukta pavana kA kahIM patA nahIM hai, phala-patte hilate nahIM haiM, bhramaroM kA guMjana ruka gayA hai, zItalatA vinaSTa ho gaI hai, aba kevala tapana zeSa hai| grISma ke isa varNana meM Apane 'kahA~' kI jhar3I lagAI hai| aise zreSTha varNana sthaloM kI isa kRti meM kamI nahIM hai / inameM bhI bhASA kI saralatA, abhidhAtmakatA, sarasatA sarvatra jhalakatI hai| zabda kA bodhAtmaka stara taka avagAhana kara use raMga, rUpa, dhvani ke sAtha prastuta karane meM Apako kamAla hAsila hai / mahAkAvyAtmakatA :- 'mUkamATI' cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita kRti hai jisameM mATI kI UrdhvayAtrA grathita hai| pratyeka khaNDa zIrSakayukta hai / pahale khaNDa kA nAma hai 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha, jisameM nadI ke kinAre kI mATI kumbhakAra ke A~gana meM pahu~catI hai| kumbhakAra use mRdu banAkara kumbha taiyAra karane yogya banAtA hai| dUsare khaNDa 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' meM mATI se kumbha kI nirmiti aura kumbha ko avA~ meM rakhane kI kahAnI hai| 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' zIrSaka tIsare khaNDa meM jalavarSA kA citra hai to cauthe khaNDa 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' meM kumbha ke taiyAra hone, seTha dvArA use kharIdane aura seTha parivAra ko UrdhvayAtrA kI ora le calane kI kahAnI hai| mATI kI yAtrA saphala hotI hai| isa prakAra mATI se kumbha ke nirmANa aura usake gantavya taka pahu~cane kI kahAnI hai| arthAt yaha yAtrA itanI sarala yAtrA nahIM thI / anaginata saMkaToM se jUjhane aura apanI tapasyA para aTala rahane ke pazcAt hI use prAptavya prApta hotA hai / mATI kI UrdhvayAtrA aneka mAyanoM meM apUrva hai / mATI jaisI kSudra vastu ke jIvana kI saphalatA mAnava jAti ke lie preraka to hai hI, sAtha - sAtha usake lie vaha eka mAnaka bhI hai| jaina darzana ke nirvANa patha kI yaha kAvyAtmaka abhivyakti hai / munijI ne apanI pratibhA se isa ghaTanA ko vRhat mahAkAvyAtmaka rUpa pradAna kiyA hai| sAdhanA patha ke isa aTala pathika kI yAtrA ko pUrNata: prakRti ke virAT paTala para aMkita karake kavi ne isa kRti ko bhavya evaM pAvana rUpa pradAna kiyA hai / kathAvastu kI viralatA ko vibhinna ghaTanA cakroM ke nirmANa se vyApaka banAyA hai, anekAneka nisarga citroM, rasa 1
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 77 vivaraNa Adi ke dvArA apanI nirbAdha kalpanA zakti kA manorama paricaya karAyA hai, pAtroM ke caritra-nirmANa meM Apako kamAla hAsila hai| kula milAkara yaha eka mahAkAvyAtmaka kRti hai| rasa varNana : mahAkAvyAtmakatA kA eka aura lakSaNa - rasacitraNa - isa kRti meM prApta hotA hai| isameM sabhI rasoM kA varNana prApta hotA hai / yadyapi isa kRti meM sabhI rasoM kA vistAra se citraNa prApta hotA hai, tathApi vaha prasaMga se anuprANita nahIM hai| mATI ko zilpI dvArA rauMdane ke prasaMga ko lekara saba rasoM kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai / isa citraNa kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki pratyeka rasa apanI zreSThatA ko sthApita karane kI koziza meM hai jaba ki dUsarA usakI kamiyoM ko ujAgara karatA hai| rasoM ke ApasI saMvAdoM dvArA rasa vizeSa ke sthAyIbhAva, vibhAva Adi kA paricaya diyA gayA hai / isa prakAra inameM nATakIyatA anusyUta hai| jaisA ki saMketa diyA jA cukA hai yahA~ rasa varNana kA nimitta hai zilpI kA pairoM dvArA mATI ko rauMdanA / rauMdana kriyA meM vaha itanA nimagna ho jAtA hai ki dhIre-dhIre joza ubharatA hai / joza ke sAtha vIra rasa kA Agamana hotA hai / vIra rasa jaba apanI DIMga hA~kane lagatA hai taba zilpI use samajhAtA hai ki udreka, adhikAra bhAvanA ke nirmAtA vIra rasa ke sthAna kA supariNAma to nahIM nikalatA / isameM lAlasA hotI hai / ata: mAna kA hanana isakI pariNati hai / taba hAsya kA Agamana hotA hai / zilpI hAsya ko ha~sor3a, utAvalA, agambhIra, avivekI batAtA hai tathA veda banane ke lie gambhIra banane kI sIkha detA hai / hAsya apamAnita hokara raudra kA AvAhana karatA hai, phira bhayAnaka, vismaya Adi kA Agamana hotA hai| inake pazcAt zRMgAra A TapakatA hai| zilpI mAnatA hai ki zRMgAra zarIra kI prIti se ba~dhA huA hai| ata: vaha zreSTha nahIM ho sakatA, aMgAtIta honA hI saccI prIti hai / zRMgAra kI sthiti ko dekhakara maMca para bIbhatsa A pahu~catA hai / bIbhatsa ke ghinaune rUpa ke darzana se karuNa rasa se rahA nahIM jaataa| yahA~, pratyeka rasa apanI zreSThatA siddha karane para tulA huA hai / karuNa rasa saba rasoM ko samajhAtA hai ki hameM apanI na hA~kate hue, dUsaroM kA mUlya karanA cAhie, sadAzayatA se rahanA caahie| karuNA zreSTha hai, anya rasoM kI tulanA meM zreSTha hai, lekina vaha nahara kI bhA~ti, uchalate upayoga kI pariNati hai| ujalI-sI upayoga kI nadI kI bhA~ti rahanevAlA zAnta hI sarvazreSTha hai / AcAryajI ne karuNa aura zAnta kI vistAra se tulanA karate hue niSkarSa prastuta kiyA hai : "zAnta-rasa jIvana kA gAna hai/madhurima kSIra-dharmI hai / " (pR. 159) isa prakAra zAnta rasa kI sarvazreSThatA svata:siddha hai| rasa varNana meM saMvAda zailI kA prayoga, pratyeka rasa kI zreSThatA siddha karane kI spardhA, rasa vizeSa ke Agamana para usakA rUpa varNana, vivAda ke bIca utpanna anubhAva, saMcArI bhAva Adi kA eka adbhuta samA~ ba~dha jAtA hai / raudra rasa ke anubhAvoM kA citraNa isa sandarbha meM vizeSa draSTavya hai| ___ isa varNana kI vizeSatA yaha bhI hai ki rasa varNana prasaMga ke anusAra sthAna-sthAna para nahIM AtA, vaha eka hI sthAna para (pR. 130-160) A gayA hai / isa prakAra rasa varNana kI paramparA ko nibhAyA bhI gayA hai aura tor3a bhI diyA gayA hai| kAraNa, prastuta kRti meM zAnta rasa kI pradhAnatA hai, zRMgAra kI nhiiN| isa varNana dvArA kavi kA uddezya bhI spaSTa hotA hai / AcAryatva evaM viSaya kI yaha pariNati hai / yaha to spaSTa hai ki isa varNana meM AcAryajI kI kavitvazakti aura jJAnazakti kA adbhuta saMyoga huA hai| mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM kI carcA se yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki prastuta kRti kI samIkSA mahAkAvya ke paramparApuSTa lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para karanI hai / yaha sahI hai ki usa dRSTi se bhI isakI mahAkAvyAtmakatA meM bAdhA nahIM AtI hai, phira bhI isa kRti kI samIkSA mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM mAtra ke AdhAra para karanA aparyApta hai| vartamAna bhAratIya jIvana aneka kAraNoM se vikhaNDita bana gayA hai / paramparAlabdha jIvana mUlyoM kI aparyAptatA aura kucha mAne meM aprAsaMgikatA spaSTa ho rahI hai| dUsarI ora pAzcAtya jIvana ke bAhya AkarSaNa hAvI ho rahe haiN| vijJAna
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________________ 78 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kI anivAryatA ne kaI eka praznacihna khar3e kara die haiN| jIvana kI naI saMkalpanAoM kA Agraha AdamI ko apanI ora khIMca rahA hai / prAcInatA, paramparA, navInatA, vidroha ke bIca pha~sA AdamI bIca meM hI laTaka rahA hai / vyaktiniSThA, vyakti svatantratA, AtmaliptatA eka ora balavatI bana gaI hai to dUsarI ora samaSTi kI, vAstava kI vyApakatA, virATatA evaM sAmUhikatA use parAjita kara rahI hai| aisI sthiti meM jIva akelepana, kSudratA aura mUlyahInatA se grasta hai| vaha miTTI se bhI gayA-bItA mahasUsa kara rahA hai| sama sambhavata: isI kAraNa AcAryajI ne mATI ko hI isa kAvya kA pradhAna pAtra banAyA hai| A~dhI. pAnI. AtaMka evaM vinAza ko jItanevAlI mATI Aja ke khaNDita, kSudra jIva kI pratIka hai| jIva agara pratijJAbaddha hotA hai, svArtha se Upara uThatA hai, Aga meM tapatA hai, A~dhI-pAnI se jUjhatA hai, AtaMka evaM vinAza se lohA letA hai to usakI kSudratA samApta ho sakatI hai / vaha svayaM bhI Upara uTha sakatA hai tathA apane sAtha apane samAja ko bhI Upara uThA sakatA hai| AcAryajI ne 'mUkamATI' meM isa tathya ko spaSTa kiyA hai| mATI janasAmAnya kA pratinidhitva karatI hai| janasAdhAraNa bhI mATI ke samAna mUka hI hotA hai / usakA Upara uThanA, UrdhvagAmI bananA nizcita hai| vartamAna jaTilatAoM se jUjha kara, vinAzaka AtaMka se lar3a kara, phira bhI zubha saMkalpa ko apanA kara, usake lie athaka, aDiga prayAsa kara, auroM ke prati IrSyA-dveSa na rakha kara tathA apane sAtha samAja ko lekara vaha gantavya taka pahu~ca sakatA hai| AcAryajI ne yadyapi mUkamATI ke UrdhvagAmitva ko adhyAtma ke stara para prastuta kiyA hai, jo unake cintana ke anurUpa hI hai, tathApi merI sammati meM prastuta kRti janasAdhAraNa ke apratihata Upara uThane kI bhI kahAnI hai| vartamAna kiMkartavyavimUr3ha samAja ke sAmane Apane nayA Adarza prastuta kiyA hai / bhAratIya cintana paramparA aura mAnasikatA ke anurUpa Apane ise AdhyAtmika stara para prastuta kiyA hai| yaha dRSTikoNa aura uddezya mahAn lakSya ko sUcita karatA hai, jo mahAkAvya kA viSaya avazya bana sakatA hai| AcAryajI ne isa sUtra ko vibhinna jaTilatAoM ke mAdhyama se, mahAkAvyAtmaka DhaMga se citrita kiyA hai| apanI apUrva pratibhA ke bala para, saMvedanazIlatA aura zubha bhAvanA ke bala para isa kRti ko mahAkAvyAtmaka rUpa dene meM Apa pUrI taraha se saphala hue haiN| 'mUkamATI' vartamAna yuga ke janasAdhAraNa kI vijaya kI mahAkAvyAtmaka abhivyakti pRSTha 145 kisI jya meM ba~dha kara -- -- mukta naMgI rIta hai * 13
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________________ 'mUkamATI': mAnavatA kA amara saMgIta prophe. (DaoN.) satyaraMjana bandopAdhyAya (bainarjI) AcArya muni zrI vidyAsAgara dvArA racita 'mUkamATI' eka Adhunika mahAkAvya hai| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara eka digambara jaina muni haiM / 'mUkamATI' lagabhaga 500 pRSThoM kA eka hindI mahAkAvya hai / AcArya vidyAsAgara aneka granthoM ke racayitA haiM kintu 'mUkamATI' ne unakI samasta racanAoM meM eka viziSTa sthAna prApta kiyA hai| munizrI hindI sAhitya vizeSa pAradarzI evaM eka vijJa samAlocaka bhI haiM / yaha mahAkAvya cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' hai yAnI mRttikA ko parizuddha karake usameM se maMgala bhAvanA kA udaya / yaha bhAva unhoMne eka upamA kI sahAyatA se parisphurita kiyA hai| kumbhakAra jaise pAtra nirmANa ke kArya meM mRttikA ko parizuddha karake maMgala ghaTa kI sthApanA karatA hai, tadanurUpa manuSya kA kartavya hai ki kaMkar3a ke jaise pApa, tApa, zoka, jarA, vyAdhi ityAdi dUra karake dharatI kI prakRti ko parizuddha kare / isa kA hI nAma hai 'varNa - lAbha / ' dvitIya khaNDa 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' nAmaka isa khaNDa kA mUla vaktavya hai -- 'sAhitya bodha kA mUlyAMkana evaM saMgIta kI antaraMga prakRti kA pratipAdana / ' tRtIya khaNDa hai 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa- prakSAlana / ' isa khaNDa kA mUla pratipAdya viSaya hai--' puNya arjana karanA / ' mana-vacana evaM kAya se manuSya kA jIvana nirmala honA vAMchanIya hai / nirmala jIvana ke mAdhyama se zubha kArya kA udaya hotA hai, manuSya meM kalyANa karane kI pravRtti AtI hai evaM usa kalyANa se puNya arjita hotA hai / puNya arjana ke lie kAma, krodha, lobha, mAyA ityAdi pApa utpanna karane vAlI manovRttiyoM kA damana karanA hI manuSya mAtra kI kAmanA honI Avazyaka hai| caturtha khaNDa hai 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dIsI rAkha / ' yaha khaNDa dIrgha hai evaM nAnA kathAoM ke dvArA samRddha hai / manuSya ke AcAra, vyavahAra evaM zuddha AhArAdi ke mAdhyama se kisa prakAra pRthivI para zAnti sthApanA kI jAe, isameM isakI eka parikalpanA hai / isa kAvya kI bhASA apUrva, chanda anavadhya, zabdoM kA cayana evaM vayana jhaMkAramaya hai / viSaya vastu ke bhAvoM kI atizayatA meM kAvya mahAn ho gayA hai| jahA~ bhAvoM kA gAmbhIrya hai, vahIM bhASA bhI guru gambhIra hai| spaSTa, Rju vAkya svachanda haiM to zabdoM meM bhI jhaMkAra hai| bhASA kI madhuratA asAdhAraNa hai to prasAda guNa atulanIya hai| durUha dArzanika tattvoM meM bhI bhASA kI sarala gati avyAhata rahI hai| yaha bAta svIkAra karanI hI par3egI ki isa mahAkAvya ke mAdhyama muni zrI vidyAsAgara ke mAnasika guNoM ke samRddhatara stara kA anusandhAna milatA hai / 'mUkamATI' eka dArzanika mahAkAvya hai jo mAnavAtmA kA amara saMgIta hai| yaha sAdhanA evaM Atmazuddhi kA eka sajIva pratirUpa hai / tapasyA ke dvArA arjita jIvana darzana kI eka abhUtapUrva anubhUti hai / vedanA-vyathA, zoka - tApa, jarA-mRtyugrasta mATI kI sahanazIlatA manuSya loka ke lie zikSA kA viSaya hai / kavi kI bhASA meM jIvana ke sukha-du:kha, utthAna-patana, rAga-dveSa, krodha Adi tyAga ke rUpa meM prakAzita huA hai : 'janama-maraNa - jarA - jIrNatA/ jinheM chU nahIM sakate a . sapta bhayoM se mukta, abhaya nidhAna ve / nidrA - tandrA jinheM gheratI nahIM, . zoka se zUnya, sadA azoka haiN|" (pR. 326-327) muni zrI vidyAsAgara ne kAvya ke mAdhyama se jIvana darzana prakAzita kiyA hai / AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke ve mArgadarzaka haiN| isa mahAkAvya meM santa kavi zrI vidyAsAgara muni kI asAdhAraNa prajJA evaM kAvya pratibhA prakAzita huI hai| isa mahAkAvya ke adhyayana se lagatA hai jaise ki santa kavi manuSya loka kI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna lie eka kalpavRkSa haiM / isa mahAkAvya ke pracAra-prasAra kI uttarottara vRddhi ho, aisI kAmanA karatA hU~ / ( baMgalA bhASA se anUdita - anuvAdaka brahmacArI zAnti kumAra jaina ) O
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________________ 'mUkamATI'- anuzIlana pro. (DaoN.) ratanacandra jaina "vAkyaM rasAtmakaM kAvyam" arthAt jo ukti sahRdaya ko bhAvamagna kara de, mana ko chU le, hRdaya ko Andolita kara de, use kAvya kahate haiN| kAvya kI yaha paribhASA sAhityadarpaNakAra AcArya vizvanAtha ne kI hai, jo atyanta sarala aura saTIka hai| tAtparya yaha ki dArzanika aura AdhyAtmika siddhAntoM kI mImAMsA, naitika aura dhArmika upadeza, paheliyoM jaisA camatkAra utpanna karanevAlI zabdalIlA yA vyAkhyA, zabdoM aura varNoM kA vicitra vinyAsa tathA alaMkAroM kI zuSka chaTA, ina saba kA nAma kAvya nahIM hai| kAvya to bhAvamagna yA rasavibhora kara dene vAlI ukti kA nAma hai| aisI ukti kI racanA taba hotI hai jaba mAnava carita, mAnava Adarza evaM jagat ke vaicitrya ko kalAtmaka rIti se prastuta kiyA jAtA hai / kalAtmaka rIti kA prANa hai bhASA kI lAkSaNikatA evaM vyaMjakatA / bhASA ko lAkSaNika evaM vyaMjaka banAne ke upAya haiM-anyokti, pratIka vidhAna, upacAravakratA, alaMkAra yojanA, bimba yojanA, zabdoM kA sandarbha vizeSa meM vyaMjanAmaya gumphana Adi / zabdasauSThava evaM layAtmakatA bhI kalAtmaka rIti ke aMga haiM / ina sabako AcArya kuntaka ne vakrokti nAma diyA hai / kalAtmaka abhivyaMjanA-prakAra meM hI saundarya hotA hai / sundara kathanaprakAra kA nAma hI kAvyakalA hai / ramaNIya kathanaprakAra meM DhalA kathya kAvya kahalAtA hai| "ramaNIyArthapratipAdaka: zabda: kAvyam" (paNDitarAja jagannAtha). "sArabhato hyarthaH svazabdAnabhidheyatvena prakAzita: sutarAmeva zobhAmAvahati" (dhvanyAloka/ udyota, 4)-ye uktiyA~ isI tathya kI puSTi karatI haiN| viSaya ho mAnava carita, mAnava Adarza yA jagatsvabhAva tathA abhivyaMjanA ho kalAtmaka tabhI kAvya janma letA hai| inameM se eka kA bhI abhAva huA to kAvya kA avatAra na hogA / viSaya mAnava carita, mAnava Adarza yA jagatsvabhAva huA, kintu abhivyaMjanA kalAtmaka na huI to vaha zAstra, itihAsa yA AcArasaMhitA bana jAegA, kAvya na hogaa| isake viparIta abhivyaMjanA kalAtmaka huI aura viSaya mAnava carita, mAnava Adarza yA jagatsvabhAva na huA to prahelikA bana jAegI, usameM kAvyatva na A paaegaa| 'mUkamATI' ke kAvyatva ko isI kasauTI para kasa kara parakhanA hogaa| isa kasauTI para kasane se usameM kAvya ke aneka sundara udAharaNa milate haiM, kintu usameM kAvyatva se dUra le jAne vAle aneka tathyoM kA bhI sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| unake kAraNa yaha kucha hI aMza meM kAvya hai, adhikAMzata: vibhinna zAstroM kA saMgama hai / darzanazAstra, adhyAtmazAstra, dharmazAstra, mImAMsAzAstra, niruktizAstra, bhASAzAstra, vyAkaraNazAstra, gaNitazAstra, cikitsAzAstra, muktAzAstra Adi aneka zAstra isameM upalabdha hote haiN| isake atirikta isameM prahelikAe~ bhI pracura mAtrA meM milatI haiN| ye zAstra jJAnavardhaka haiM, kinta rasAtmaka na hone se kAvya nahIM kahalA skte| ___ santa kavi ne svayaM spaSTa kiyA hai ki unhoMne prastuta kAvya kI racanA kAryasiddhi meM nimitta ke mahattva, Izvara ke dvArA sRSTiracanA kI asambhAvyatA Adi dArzanika siddhAntoM ke udghATana hetu kI hai / mUkamATI kA kumbhakAra ke nimitta se jaladhAraNa aura jalatAraNa kI kSamatA se yukta sundara ghaTa kA rUpa prApta kara lene kA tathya nimitta ke mahattva ko darzana ke lie hI kAvya kA viSaya banAyA gayA hai / dArzanika siddhAntoM ke udghATana kI paddhati bhI mImAMsAtmaka evaM dezanAtmaka hai, na ki vyaMjanAtmaka / isase spaSTa hai ki santakavi kA uddezya bhI kAvya ke mAdhyama se dArzanika evaM AdhyAtmika tathyoM ke udghATaka zAstra kA sRjana karanA thaa| kRti ke prastavana-lekhaka zrI lakSmIcandrajI jaina kI Alocaka dRSTi ko bhI isameM kAvya kI apekSA zAstra ke
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 81 hI pradhAnatayA darzana hue haiM jo unakI TippaNI se prakaTa hai : "yaha kRti adhika parimANa meM kAvya hai yA adhyAtma, kahanA kaThina hai / lekina nizcaya hI yaha hai Adhunika jIvana kA abhinava zAstra / aura, jisa prakAra zAstra kA zraddhApUrvaka svAdhyAya karanA hotA hai, guru se jijJAsuoM ko samAdhAna prApta karanA hotA hai, usI prakAra isakA adhyayana aura manana adbhuta sukha aura santoSa degA, aisA vizvAsa hai|" (prastavana, pR. XVII) zAstra kI dRSTi se jahA~ yaha eka uccakoTi kI racanA hai, vahIM kAvya kI dRSTi se aneka doSoM se grasta hai| phira bhI, isameM uttama kAvya ke aneka udAharaNa milate haiN| guNa-doSoM kI samIkSA ke pUrva kathAvastu para eka naz2ara DAla lenA Avazyaka hai| kathAvastu: arthahIna tuccha mATI kA kumbhakAra ke nimitta se kumbha kA sundara rUpa dhAraNa karanA aura jaladhAraNa tathA jalatAraNa (nadI Adi ko pAra karAnA) dvArA paropakArI bananA, yaha isa kAvya kI kathAvastu hai jo deva-zAstra-guru ke nimitta se bahirAtmatva se paramAtmatva avasthA kI prApti kA pratIka hai| 'zreyAMsi bahuvighnAni' niyama kI ora dhyAna AkRSTa karane ke lie kumbhadazA kI prApti meM sAgara dvArA jalavarSA aura upalavRSTi ke vighna upasthita karAe gae haiN| sajjana sadA dUsaroM ke vighnanivAraNa meM tatpara rahate haiM, yaha darzAne ke lie sUrya aura pavana ke dvArA meghoM ke chinna-bhinna kie jAne kI ghaTanA kalpita kI gaI hai / binA tapa ke jIvana meM parizuddhatA evaM paripakvatA nahIM AtI, isa tathya ke prakAzana hetu kumbha ko avA meM tapAe jAne kA dRzya samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai| yogya banakara manuSya dUsaroM ke upakAra meM apanA jIvana lagAtA hai, isa Adarza ke darzana karAne hetu ghaTa ke dvArA muni ke lie AhAradAna ke samaya jalabharaNa tathA saMkaTa kI sthiti meM apane svAmI ko nadI pAra karAe jAne kI ghaTanAe~ bunI gaI haiN| aneka tiryaMcoM aura jar3apadArthoM ko vibhinna upadezoM aura siddhAntoM ke pratipAdana kA prasaMga upasthita karane ke lie pAtroM ke rUpa meM kathA se sambaddha kiyA gayA hai| ___ isa kathA kI dhArA meM uttama kAvya ke aneka udAharaNa dRSTigocara hote haiM aura kAvyakalA ke aneka upAdAnoM kA saTIka prayoga bhI mana ko mohita karatA hai / una saba para eka dRSTi DAlanA sukhakara hogaa| bhAvoM kI kalAtmaka abhivyaMjanA : kRti ke Arambha meM hI mAnavIkaraNa dvArA prabhAta kA manohArI varNana huA hai| sUrya aura prAcI, prabhAkara aura kumudinI, candramA aura kamalinI, indu aura tArikAoM para nAyaka-nAyikA ke vyApAra kA Aropa kara zRMgAra rasa kI vyaMjanA kI gaI hai : "lajjA ke ghUghaTa meM/DUbatI-sI kumudinI/prabhAkara ke kara-chuvana se bacanA cAhatI hai vaha ;/apanI parAga ko-/sarAga-mudrA ko pA~khuriyoM kI oTa detI hai|" (pR. 2) sahRdayoM ke samparka meM rahane para bhI hRdayahInoM meM sahRdayatA kA AvirbhAva asambhava hai, isa svajAti?ratikramA kA ghoSa karane vAle manovaijJAnika tathya kI vyaMjanA kaMkaroM kI prakRti ke dvArA kitane mArmika DhaMga se huI hai| anyokti yA pratIkAtmaka kAvya kA yaha sundara namUnA hai| lAkSaNika prayogoM se isa kAvya kI hRdayasparzitA dviguNita ho gaI hai : "are kaMkaro!/mATI se milana to huA/para/mATI meM mile nahIM tuma ! mATI se chuvana to huA/para/mATI meM ghule nahIM tuma!/itanA hI nahIM, calatI cakkI meM DAlakara/tumheM pIsane para bhI/apane guNa-dharma
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________________ 82 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA bhUlate nahIM tuma!/bhale hI/cUraNa banate, retila;/mATI nahIM banate tuma ! jala ke siMcana se/bhIgate bhI ho/parantu, bhUlakara bhI/phUlate nahIM tuma ! mATI-sama/tuma meM AtI namI nahIM/kyA yaha tumhArI/hai kamI nahIM ? tuma meM kahA~ hai vaha/jala-dhAraNa karane kI kSamatA? jalAzaya meM raha kara bhI/yugoM-yugoM taka/nahIM bana sakate/jalAzaya tuma ! maiM tumheM/hRdaya-zUnya to nahIM kahU~gA/parantu/pASANa-hRdaya hai tumhArA, dUsaroM kA duHkha-darda/dekhakara bhI/nahIM A sakatA kabhI/jise pasInA hai aisA tumhArA/ sInA !" (pR. 49-50) duSTa prakRti ke loga dharma kA upayoga apane ko sudhArane meM na kara sAmpradAyika vidveSa phailA kara nihita svArthoM kI siddhi meM karate haiM / isa mAnava svabhAva kI hRdaya ko matha denevAlI kalAtmaka abhivyakti nimna paMktiyoM meM huI hai : "kahA~ taka kaheM aba!/dharma kA jhaNDA bhI/DaNDA bana jAtA hai zAstra zastra bana jAtA hai/avasara pAkara |/aur prabhu-stuti meM tatpara/surIlI bA~surI bhI/bA~sa bana pITa sakatI hai prabhu-patha para calanevAloM ko |/smy kI balihArI hai|" (pR. 73) dharma ke jhaNDe ke sAtha 'DaNDA' tathA zAstra ke sAtha 'zastra' zabda asIma artha ke vyaMjaka bana gae haiN| dharma ke nAma para ghaTe aura ghaTa rahe duniyA ke sAre raktaraMjita itihAsa ko ve pratyakSa kara dete haiN| sAMsArika viSayoM ke prati jaba AkarSaNa samApta ho jAtA hai, hAni-lAbha, nindA-prazaMsA, jaya-parAjaya donoM hI jaba arthahIna pratIta hone lagate haiM taba AtmA meM zAnti kA saMgIta paidA hotA hai, kSobha vilIna ho jAtA hai, samabhAva kA udaya hotA hai / isa prakAra saMga arthAt sAMsArika padArthoM ke prati Asakti se atIta hone para hI vAstavika saMgIta utpanna hotA hai / yaha mahAn manovaijJAnika tathya hRdaya ko Andolita kara dene vAle nimna zabdoM meM atyanta kalAtmaka rIti se abhivyakta huA hai : 0 "saMgIta use mAnatA hU~/jo saMgAtIta hotA hai aura prIti use mAnatA hU~/jo aMgAtIta hotI hai|" (pR. 144-145) "sukha ke bindu se/Uba gayA thA yaha/duHkha ke sindhu meM DUba gayA thA yaha, kabhI hAra se/sammAna huA isakA,/kabhI hAra se/apamAna huA iskaa| kahIM kucha milane kA/lobha milA ise,/kahIM kucha miTane kA/kSobha milA ise, kahIM sagA milA, kahIM dagA,/bhaTakatA rahA abhAgA yaha ! parantu Aja,/yaha saba vaiSamya miTa-se gaye haiM/jaba se milA "yaha merA saMgI saMgIta "hai/svastha jaMgI jIta hai|" (pR. 146-147) isa kAvya se aneka arthIkaraNe prasphuTita hotI haiN| jisa prema kA kendra zarIra hotA hai, vaha prema nahIM, vAsanA hai| guNAzrita prema hI prema hai / saMsAra meM sukha bindu barAbara hai aura du:kha sindhu barAbara / 'hAra' zabda donoM jagaha bhinna-bhinna arthoM meM prayukta huA hai| prathama bAra usakA artha hai 'phUloM kA hAra', dvitIya bAra 'praajy'| yahA~ yamaka alaMkAra ne apanI svAbhAvikatA ke kAraNa cAra cA~da lagA die haiN| bindu-sindhu, sammAna-apamAna, milane-miTane, lobha-kSobha,
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________________ sagA dagA, ina prayogoM meM antyAnuprAsa ne saMgItAtmaka zrutimAdhurya kI sRSTi kI hai / bhagavAn AdinAtha dvArA upadiSTa mokSamArga kI Ajakala carcA bahuta hotI hai| usakA bhAvavibhora kara dene vAle pravacanakarttA barasAtI meMDhakoM ke samAna prakaTa ho gae haiM / kintu ve mokSamArga kI kevala bAta hI karate haiM, usa para calate nahIM haiM / isa tathya kI abhivyakti nimna zabdoM meM bar3I painI ho gaI hai : mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 83 " AdinAtha se pradarzita patha kA / Aja abhAva nahIM hai mA~ ! parantu,/ usa pAvana patha para / dUba uga AI hai khUba ! / varSA ke kAraNa nahIM, kevala kathanI meM karuNA rasa ghola / dharmAmRta-varSA karane vAloM kI bhIr3a ke kAraNa !" (pR. 151 - 152) jisa mArga para loga calanA chor3a dete haiM usa para dUba uga AtI hai / ata: 'dUba uga AI hai' muhAvarA, logoM ne mokSamArga para calanA chor3a diyA hai, isa artha kI abhivyakti meM kitanA prabhAvazAlI ho gayA hai| hoza ko khokara bhI cintAmukta huA jA sakatA hai aura hoza meM Akara bhii| ina donoM upAyoM meM kyA pharka hai ? isa rahasya ko isa prakAra kholA gayA hai ki eka upAya ke prati jugupsA aura dUsare ke prati zraddhA kI dhArAe~ mana meM pravAhita hone lagatI haiM / yaha 'zava' aura 'ziva' zabdoM kA kamAla hai : " isa yuga ke / do mAnava / apane Apa ko / khonA cAhate haiMeka/ bhoga-rAga ko / madya-pAna ko / cunatA hai; aura eka / yoga-tyAga ko / Atma- dhyAna ko / dhunatA hai / kucha hI kSaNoM meM / donoM hote / vikalpoM se mukta / phira kyA kahanA ! / eka zava ke samAna / nirA par3A hai, aura eka / ziva ke samAna / kharA utarA hai|" (pR. 286) zarIra nahIM, AtmA mUlyavAn hai, ataH AtmA hI upAsya hai / isa AdhyAtmika satya kI abhivyaMjanA sIpa aura motI tathA dIpa aura jyoti ke pratIkoM dvArA karanevAlI ye paMktiyA~ uttama kAvya kA nidarzana haiM : "sIpa kA nahIM, motI kA/dIpa kA nahIM, jyoti kA sammAna karanA hai aba !" (pR. 307 ) tattvajJAnI AtmA ke bAre meM kevala vicAra karatA hai, dhyAnI AtmA kA AsvAdana karatA hai| jJAna aura dhyAna ke antara ko prakAzita karanevAle ye kAvyAtmaka zabda pratIkAtmaka saundarya se maNDita haiM : "tairane vAlA tairatA hai saravara meM / bhItarI nahIM, / bAharI dRzya hI dikhate haiM use / vahIM para dUsarA DubakI lagAtA hai, / saravara kA bhItarI bhAga / bhAsita hotA hai use, bahirjagat kA sambandha TUTa jAtA hai / " (pR. 289 ) manuSya kI sAdhanA yadi nirdoSa ho to saMsAra-sAgara ko pAra karanA asambhava nahIM hai| sAgara aura nAva ke pratIkoM ne isa bhAva ko kitanI mArmika vyaMjanA dI hai : 66 'apAra sAgara kA pAra/pA jAtI hai nAva / ho usameM
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________________ 84 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA cheda kA abhAva bhara !" (pR. 51) viSayoM kI cAha indriyoM ko nahIM hotii| ve to jar3a haiN| indriyoM ke mAdhyama se vAsanAgrasta AtmA hI viSayoM kI cAha karatA hai / rUpakAlaMkAra meM piroyA gayA yaha bhAva zobhA se nikhara uThA hai : "indriyA~ ye khir3akiyA~ haiM/tana yaha bhavana rahA hai,/bhavana meM baiThA-baiThA puruSa bhinna-bhinna khir3akiyoM se jhA~katA hai/vAsanA kI A~khoM se|" (pR. 329) jo kaThinatama saMkaTa ko pAra kara letA hai usake lie choTe-moTe saMkaTa khilaunoM ke samAna ho jAte haiN| upacAravaktA ke dvArA abhivyakta yaha bhAva kitanA nukIlA ho gayA hai : "jaba Aga kI nadI ko/pAra kara Aye hama/aura/sAdhanA kI sImA-zrI se hAra kara nahIM,/pyAra kara, Aye hama/phira bhI hameM Dubone kI kSamatA rakhatI ho tuma?" (pR. 452) Aga kI nadI kA yaha upacAravakra prayoga saMkaTa kI vikaTatA kA ehasAsa karAne meM adbhuta kSamatA rakhatA hai| eka to nadI apane Apa meM saMkaTa kA pratIka hai, phira vaha bhI Aga kI ? Aga ne saMkaTa ko sahasragunA bhayAvaha kara diyA hai| isI prakAra sAdhanA kI carama sImA se, jahA~ hAranA sambhava ho, pyAra kara lenA sAdhanA ke atyanta AnandapUrvaka sampanna hone kA dyotaka hai| yahA~ bhI upacAravaktA ne apAra saundarya kA niveza kara diyA hai| saMsAra santApa se mukti kI AkAMkSA bar3I vyagratA se jhA~ka rahI hai zabdoM ke ina sundara jharokhoM se : "kitanI tapana hai yaha !/bAhara aura bhItara/jvAlAmukhI havAyeM ye ! jala-sI gaI merI/kAyA cAhatI hai/sparza meM badalAhaTa / " (pR. 140) mAnava svabhAva kI yahI viDambanA hai ki manuSya kI dRSTi sadA dUsaroM ko parakhane meM lagI rahatI hai| apane ko vaha dUsaroM se sadA Upara samajhatA hai / yahI usake jahA~ kA tahA~ raha jAne kA kAraNa hai| kavi kI muhAvarAmaya kAvyakalA isa tathya kI ora bar3e AhlAdaka DhaMga se dhyAna AkRSTa karatI hai : "para ko parakha rahe ho/apane ko to parakho"jarA!/parIkSA lo apanI aba! bajA-bajA kara dekha lo svayaM ko,/kauna-sA svara ubharatA hai vahA~ suno use apane kAnoM se !/kAka kA pralApa hai, yA gadhe kA paMcama AlApa ?" (pR. 303) pApa karma kA phala pratyeka ko bhoganA par3atA hai, cAhe vaha koI bhI ho / yaha tathya vyaMjita kiyA gayA hai 'lakSmaNa rekhA', 'rAma', 'sItA' aura 'rAvaNa' ke paurANika pratIkoM se, jisase abhivyakti kalAtmaka bana gaI hai : "lakSmaNa-rekhA kA ullaMghana/rAvaNa ho yA sItA rAma hI kyoM na hoM/daNDita karegA hii|" (pR. 217) santa kavi kI kavitAmayI lekhanI se AhAradAna ke uttama pAtrabhUta sAdhu kA svarUpa upamAoM ke manohara darpaNa se jhA~katA huA manaharaNa karatA hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 85 "pAtra ho pUta-pavitra/pada-yAtrI ho, pANipAtrI ho pIyUSa-pAyI haMsa-paramahaMsa ho,/apane prati vajra-sama kaThora para ke prati navanIta"/...pavana-sama niHsaMga/darpaNa-sama darpa se parIta pAdapa-sama vinIta |/ndii-prvaah-sm lakSya kI ora aruka, athaka gatimAna/...siMha-sama nirbhIka / " (pR. 300-301) patha-prakAzaka sUktiyA~ : 'mUkamATI' meM jIvana patha ko Alokita karane vAle sUktiratna bikhare par3e haiM jo mana ko jagamagA dete haiN| kucha udAharaNa darzanIya haiM : 0 "AsthA ke binA rAstA nahIM/mUla ke binA cUla nhiiN|" (pR. 10) 0 "saMgharSamaya jIvana kA/upasaMhAra/niyamarUpa se/harSamaya hotA hai|" (pR. 14) "duHkha kI vedanA meM/jaba nyUnatA AtI hai/duHkha bhI sukha-sA lagatA hai|" (pR. 18) 0 "pIr3A kI ati hI/pIr3A kI iti hai|" (pR. 33) 0 "saba rasoM kA anta honA hI-/zAnta-rasa hai|" (pR. 160) 0 "tIra milatA nahIM binA taire|" (pR. 267) saTIka muhAvare : muhAvare upacAravakratA (lAkSaNika prayoga) ke sundara namUne haiN| unase abhivyakti lAkSaNika aura vyaMjaka bana jAtI hai jo kAvyakalA kA prANa hai / isa kAraNa unameM hRdayasparzitA evaM ramaNIyatA rahatI hai| AcAryakavi ne muhAvaroM kA saTIka prayoga karake kathana ko kAvyAtmaka cArutva se maNDita kiyA hai tathA abhivyakti ko tIkSNa banAyA hai| kucha udAharaNa draSTavya haiN| nimna uddharaNoM meM muhAvare rekhAMkita karake darzAe gae haiM : "are mauna ! suna le jarA/korI AsthA kI bAta mata kara tU AsthA se bAta kara le jarA!" (pR. 121) yahA~ 'kI bAta mata kara' aura 'se bAta kara le' ina do muhAvaroM ne 'kathanI' kI nirarthakatA aura 'karanI' kI sArthakatA kI abhivyaMjanA ko saundarya ke utkarSa para pahu~cA diyA hai : "zilpI kA dAhinA caraNa/maMgalAcaraNa karatA hai|" (pR. 126) kArya Arambha karane ke bhAva kI abhivyakti 'maMgalAcaraNa karane ke' muhAvare se kitanI ramaNIya bana gaI hai| "...mAnava-khUna/khUba ubalane lagatA hai ...zAnta mAhaula bhI khaulane lagatA hai|" (pR. 131) ye muhAvare jana-Akroza tathA sAmAjika azAnti kI parAkASThA ko abhivyakti dete hue ukti ko cArutva se maNDita karate haiN|
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________________ 86 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "prabhAkara kA pravacana yaha/hRdaya ko jA chU gayA chUmantara ho gayA, bhAva kA vaipriity|" (pR.207) 'hRdaya ko jA chU gayA' muhAvarA pravacana kI prabhAvazAlitA tathA 'chUmantara ho gayA' muhAvarA viparIta buddhi ke ekadama dUra ho jAne ke bhAva ko kitane manohara DhaMga se sampreSita karate haiN| "jaba A~kheM AtI haiM."to/du:kha detI haiM, jaba A~kheM jAtI haiM to duHkha detI haiM !/...kahA~ taka aura kaba taka kahU~, jaba A~kheM lagatI haiM "to/duHkha detI haiN|" (pR. 359-360) yahA~ bhI muhAvaroM ke dvArA abhivyakti kI hRdayAlAdakatA utkarSa para pahuMca gaI hai| aucityapUrNa upacAravakratA : acetana para cetana ke, cetana para acetana ke, mUrta para amUrta ke, amUrta para mUrta ke, mAnava para tiryaMcAdi ke, tiryaMcAdi para mAnava ke dharma kA AropaNa upacAravakratA kahalAtA hai / yaha vastu ke guNotkarSa, bhAvoM ke atizaya, utkaTatA, tIkSNatA, ghaTanAoM aura paristhitiyoM kI gambhIratA, caritra kI utkRSTatA yA nikRSTatA Adi kI vyaMjanA ke lie kiyA jAtA hai / isase kathana marmasparzI evaM ramaNIya bana jAtA hai / 'mUkamATI' ke kavi ne upacAravakratA kA aucityapUrNa prayoga kiyA hai jisase kAvyAtmaka cArutva kI sRSTi huI hai| kucha namUne prastuta haiM : - "bhaya ko bhayabhIta ke rUpa meM/pAyA ! ...vismaya ko bahuta vismaya ho aayaa|" (pR. 138) 0 "jo aparasa kA parasa karatA hai/kyA vaha parasa kA parasa cAhegA?" (pR. 139) (aparasa sparza se pare- cinmaya, parasa=anubhava) (parasa-sparzamaya, pudgala) . "sparza kI pratIkSA sparzA kaba karatI? svara ke abhAva meM/jvara kaba car3hatA hai zravaNA ko ?" (pR. 328) abhivyaMjaka alaMkAra : kavi ne bhAvoM kI kalAtmaka abhivyaMjanA ke lie jina alaMkAroM kA prayoga kiyA hai unameM atyanta svAbhAvikatA hai / ve balapUrvaka Aropita kie gae pratIta nahIM hote / vastu ke svarUpa-vaiziSTya ko samyagrUpeNa vyaMjita karate haiM, yathA : "sindhu meM bindu-sA/rAhu ke gAla meM samAhita huA bhaaskr|" (pR. 238) sindhu meM bindu kI upamA se rAhu kI vizAlakAyatA aura usake samakSa sUrya kI laghutA kA dyotana aucityapUrNa nimnalikhita ukti meM prayukta utprekSA dvArA kumbha kI bAhya kAlimA kA varNana bar3e rocaka DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai : "Aja avA se bAhara AyA hai/ sakuzala kumbha |/kRssnn kI kAyA-sI nIlimA phUTa rahI hai usase,/aisA pratIta ho rahA hai vaha, ki bhItarI doSa-samUha saba/jala-jala kara/bAhara A gaye hoN|" (pR. 297-298)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 87 zabdAlaMkAroM meM yamaka ke eka-do sundara udAharaNa haiM, jinameM svAbhAvikatA ke kAraNa arthavaibhinyagata vaicitrya rocaka bana par3A hai : "kabhI hAra se/ sammAna huA isakA,/kabhI hAra se apamAna huA iskaa|" (pR. 146) prathama 'hAra' kA artha hai 'phUloM kA hAra', dvitIya kA 'parAjaya' / lalita varNa vinyAsa : saMgItAtmakatA bhI kAvya kA eka guNa hai / lalita varNa vinyAsa ke dvArA isakA AvirbhAva hotA hai| santa kavi isake atyadhika premI haiN| varNoM kI AvRtti ke dvArA unhoMne saMgItAtmaka saundarya utpanna karane kA bahuza: prayatna kiyA hai| kahIM-kahIM isake sundara udAharaNa milate haiM, yathA : 0 "kharA bhI akharA hai sdaa|" (pR.83) 0. "tana meM cetana kA/cirantana nartana hai yh|" (pR. 90) . "kAyA to kAyA hai/jar3a kI chAyA-mAyA hai|" (pR. 92) 0 "zvAsa kA vizvAsa nahIM ab|" (pR. 96) 0 "nagna, apane meM magna bana gye|" (pR. 103) 0 "ahita meM hita/aura/hita meM ahita/nihita-sA lagA ise|" (pR. 108) rasAtmakatA : mahAkavi ne vibhinna rasoM ke puTa se kAvya meM kahIM-kahIM rasa bharane kA prayatna kiyA hai| Arambha meM hI sUrya aura prAcI, prabhAkara aura kumudinI, candramA aura tArAoM para nAyaka-nAyikA-vyApAra ke Aropa dvArA zrRMgAra rasa kI vyaMjanA kI hai / antima khaNDa meM bhI nimna paMktiyA~ zRMgAra rasa kI sAmagrI prastuta karatI haiM : "bAla-bhAnu kI bhAsvara AbhA/nirantara uThatI caMcala laharoM meM ulajhatI huI-sI lagatI hai/ki/gulAbI sAr3I pahane madavatI abalA-sI/snAna karatI-karatI/lajjAvaza sakucA rahI hai|" (pR. 479) prastuta aMza vAtsalya rasa ke vibhAvoM aura anubhAvoM se paripUrNa hai : "aura dekho nA !/mA~ kI udAratA-paropakAritA apane vakSasthala para/yugoM-yugoM se "cira se dugdha se bhare/do kalaza le khar3I hai kSudhA-tRSA-pIr3ita/zizuoM kA pAlana karatI rahatI hai aura/bhayabhItoM ko, sukha se rItoM ko gupacupa hRdaya se/cipakA letI hai pucakAratI huii|" (pR. 476) bhakti rasa kA atireka nimna paMktiyoM se chalakatA hai :
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________________ 88 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "eka bAra aura guru-caraNoM meM/seTha ne praNipAta kiyA lauTane kA upakrama huA, para/tana TUTane lgaa|/locn sajala ho gaye patha ojhala-sA ho gayA/pada bojhila se ho gaye/rokA, para/ ruka na sakA rudana, phUTa-phUTa kara rone lagA/puNya-prada pUjya-padoM meM/loTapoTa hone lgaa|" (pR. 346) AhAra dAna ke prakaraNa meM apAra zraddhA ke pAtra muni ko AhAra dene ke lie zrAvakoM kI AturatA kA jo varNana kiyA gayA hai vaha bhaktirasa se ota-prota hai| saMsAra kI nissAratA, jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA aura paramAtmatattva kI sArabhUtatA kA varNana yA inakI anubhUti kA varNana zAntarasa ke vibhAva haiN| inake varNana se pAThaka ke mana meM sAMsArika viSayoM ke prati anAkarSaNa aura ruci kA bhAva udbuddha hotA hai jisase icchAnirodhajanya zamabhAva kI anubhUti hotI hai / yahI zAntarasa kA AsvAdana hai / prastuta kAvya meM isake kaI jagaha darzana hote haiN| zrotrendriya ke viSaya kI nissAratA ke bodha kI yaha abhivyakti zAntarasa kI vyaMjanA karatI hai : "o zravaNA!/kitanI bAra/zravaNa kiyA svara kA o manoramA !/kitanI bAra/smaraNa kiyA svara kA kaba se cala rahA hai/saMgIta - gIta yaha kitanA kAla atIta meM/vyatIta huA, patA ho, batA do..! bhItarI bhAga bhIge nahIM abhI taka donoM bahare aMga rahe/kahA~ hue hare bhare ?" (pR. 144) iSTa aura aniSTa meM samabhAva kI anubhUti kA yaha varNana zAntarasa kA apratima udAharaNa hai : "sukha ke bindu se/Uba gayA thA yaha/duHkha ke sindhu meM/DUba gayA thA yaha, kabhI hAra se/ sammAna huA isakA,/kabhI hAra se/ apamAna huA iskaa| kahIM kucha milane kA/lobha milA ise,/kahIM kucha miTane kA/kSobha milA ise, kahIM sagA milA, kahIM dagA,/bhaTakatA rahA abhAgA yaha !/parantu Aja, yaha saba vaiSamya miTa-se gaye haiM/jaba se "milA"yaha merA saMgI saMgIta hai/svastha jaMgI jIta hai|" (pR. 146-147) AhAra-grahaNa ke samaya ArAdhya ke vItarAga svarUpa kA jo nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai (pRSTha 326) vaha bhI zAntarasa kA AsvAdana karAtA hai| AtaMkavAdiyoM ke prakaraNa meM raudra rasa kA prasaMga bhI hai| kahIM bIbhatsa aura vIra kI bhI jhalaka milatI hai| manovaijJAnika tathyoM kA udghATana : mahAkAvya meM kaI jagaha manovaijJAnika tathyoM kA udghATana kiyA gayA hai| kaMkaroM ke prasaMga meM 'svajAti1ratikramA' tathya unmIlita huA hai / bar3avAnala kA prakaraNa isa tathya ko udghATita karatA hai ki AvazyakatA par3ane para sajjana ko bhI ugratA kA Azraya lenA par3atA hai| nimna paMktiyA~ bhI eka mahAn manovaijJAnika satya para prakAza DAlatI haiM:
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 89 "sImA meM rahanA asaMyamI kA kAma nahIM,/jitanA manA kiyA jAtA utanA manamAnA hotA hai/pAlya dizA meN| tyAjya kA tajanA/bhAjya kA bhajanA, sambhava nahIM/bAlya-dazA meN| tathApi jo kucha palatA hai/basa, balAt hI bhIti ke kAraNa !" (pR. 341) pUrvavarNita sabhI sUktiyA~ manovaijJAnika tathyoM kA sAkSAtkAra karAtI haiN| pravacanakalA ke sundara nidarzana : kumbha para aMkita sAmagrI ke dRSTAntoM ke dvArA aneka dArzanika, AdhyAtmika aura manovaijJAnika siddhAntoM ko hRdayaMgama banAyA gayA hai / inase AcAryazrI kA apratima pravacanakauzala parilakSita hotA hai, yadyapi yaha kAvya kI sImA meM nahIM A sktaa| 'mUkamATI' meM jitanA kAvyAMza hai vaha uttama kAvya ke ina guNoM se vibhUSita hai| zeSa aMza aneka kAvya-doSoM se grasta hai jinake kAraNa vaha kAvyatva se dUra calA gayA hai / samyak samIkSaNa ke lie unheM bhI ujAle meM lAyA jA rahA hai| vidhAgata anaucitya : vidhA kI dRSTi se yaha kRti na to anyokti (pratIkAtmaka kAvya) kI koTi meM AtI hai, na nijokti kii| jaba tiryaMca yA jar3a ke dharma kA varNana kiyA jAya aura usase mAnava-dharma kI pratIti ho taba anyokti hotI hai / jaba tiryaca yA jar3a para mAnava-dharma kA Aropa kiyA jAya aura usase tiryaMca yA jar3a ke hI dharma kI vyaMjanA ho taba nijokti hotI hai| yadi tiryaMcAdi para mAnavadharma kA Aropa kisI vyaMgyArtha meM paryavasita nahIM hotA to yaha eka asaMgata kathana mAtra rahatA hai / eka vastu para dUsarI vastu ke dharma kA Aropa binA kisI sAdharmyAdi sambandha ke tathA arthavizeSa kI vyaMjanA ke prayojana ke binA nahIM kiyA jaataa| 'mUkamATI' meM tiryaMcAdi ke dharmoM ke varNana dvArA mAnavadharmoM kI pratIti nahIM karAI gaI hai, isalie yaha anyokti nahIM hai| tiryaMcAdi para mAnavadharmo ke Aropa dvArA tiryaMcAdi ke hI dharmoM kI vyaMjanA nahIM kI gaI hai, isalie yaha nijokti nahIM hai / isameM tiryaMcoM aura jar3a padArthoM para mAnavadharmoM kA Aropa hai, kintu sAdharmyAdi sambandha para Azrita na hone se nirAdhAra hai tathA arthavizeSa kA vyaMjaka na hone se niSprayojana hai / mATI Adi ke mukha se jo jIvAdi tattvoM kI mImAMsA aura mokSamArga kA upadeza karAyA gayA hai usase una para jainAcAryoM aura jaina tattvajJAniyoM kA Aropa ho jAtA hai| kintu mATI Adi meM aisA koI bhI dharma nahIM hai jo jainAcAryoM aura jaina tattvajJAniyoM ke dharma se samAnatA rakhatA ho, jisake kAraNa una para yaha Aropa saMgata ho sake aura Aropa ke dvArA usa dharma kA vaiziSTya vyaMjita ho sake / ata: yaha Aropa asaMgata ThaharatA hai / binA kisI vyaMgyArtha ke mATI, machalI Adi ko jaina tattvajJAniyoM aura AcAryoM jaisI tattvamImAMsA aura mokSamArga kI dezanA karate hue svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki yaha pratyakSataH asambhava hai| asaMgata bAta buddhigrAhya nahIM hotI, phalasvarUpa sahRdayahRdayAhlAdaka na hone se kAvya nahIM kahalA sktii| mATI Adi padArthoM ko jainAcAryoM yA jaina upadezakoM kA pratIka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki unameM aise koI svAbhAvika yA sandarbhajanya dharma nahIM haiM jo jainAcAryoM aura jaina upadezakoM ke dharmoM ko lakSita kara skeN| prastuta kRti meM tiryaMcoM aura jar3a padArthoM ke dvArA unakI prakRti se sarvathA asambaddha (sAdharmya Adi kisI bhI sambandha se saMgata na hone vAle) mokSamArga ke siddhAntoM kI mImAMsA tathA dezanA karAI gaI hai| dharatI yaha batalAtI hai ki karmoM kA saMzleSa aura vizleSa kaise hotA hai (pR. 15) / machalI mATI se sallekhanA mA~gatI hai / mATI sallekhanA kI vyAkhyA karatI hai ki kAya aura kaSAya ko kRza karanA sallekhanA hai (pR. 87) / vaha pratizodha bhAvanA ke doSoM aura kSamA ke guNoM para prakAza DAlatI hai (pR. 97-105) / kA~TA moha aura mokSa kA lakSaNa jAnanA cAhatA hai aura lakSaNa jAnakara bar3A santuSTa hotA hai| zilpI kA dhanyavAda karatA hai (pR. 109-112) /
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________________ 90 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA rasanA rassI kI ahiMsA aura nirgrantha dazA para pravacana detI hai (pR. 64-66 ) / sUrya strI jAti ke guNoM kA varNana karatA hai aura nArI abalA, mahilA Adi zabdoM kA aisA bhASAzAstrIya vivecana karatA hai ki yAska aura pANini bhI usake sAmane phIke par3a jAte haiN| kumbha parISaha-upasarga, svarga-apavarga, santa samAgama, saMsAra kA anta Adi tathyoM kA mahattva batalAtA hai / vaha seTha ko atyanta mArmika dezanA detA hai| mATI kaMkaroM ko upadeza detI hai ki saMyama kI rAha calo (pR. 56) / yaha tattvamImAMsA aura dezanA hI kRti kA pratipAdya hai| tiryaMcoM aura jar3a padArthoM para isakA Aropa kara koI anya artha lakSita aura vyaMjita karanA kavi kA uddezya nahIM hai, na hI kRti meM aisA huA hai, na ho sakatA hai / ataH kisI vyaMgyArtha ke abhAva meM tiryaMcAdi ke dvArA jaina tattvajJAniyoM aura jaina AcAryoM kI taraha jainatattvoM kI mImAMsA aura dharmadezanA kiyA jAnA yuktisaMgata siddha nahIM hotaa| isalie yaha vidhA anaucityapUrNa hai / prazna hai ki manuSyoM kA kArya manuSya hI karate to kyA hAni thI ? aura tiryaMcAdi se karAkara kauna sA prayojana siddha huA hai ? mAtra eka abuddhigrAhya aura rasavihIna zabda vyavahAra ke alAvA ? abhidhAtmakatA kA prAdhAnya : kathya ko vyaMjanA dvArA alpAMza meM hI abhivyakti milI hai / adhikAMzataH, jisa bhAva ko vyakta karanA thA use usakA nAma lekara sIdhe-sIdhe kaha diyA gayA hai| kAvya meM bhAva ko vyaMjita honA cAhie, usakA nAma lekara varNita karanA kAvya kA lakSaNa nahIM hai / udAharaNArtha agni kahatI hai : 66 "sadAzaya aura sadAcAra ke sA~ce meM Dhale / jIvana ko hI apanI sahI kasauTI samajhatI hU~ // phira kumbha ko jalAnA to dUra, jalAne kA bhAva bhI mana meM lAnA / abhizApa - - pApa samajhatI hU~... / " (pR. 276) yahA~ sadAzaya aura sadAcAra zabdoM kA prayoga na kara sadAcAra kI paribhASA meM A sakane vAle agni ke dharmoM ke varNana dvArA abhiprAya ko vyaMjita kiyA jAnA cAhie thA, jaise : ThiThuratoM kI ThiThurana miTAnA / bhUkhoM kA bhojana pakAnA / nissAra ko dahAnA tama kA vinAza karanA/ merA maMgalamaya dharma hai / / nIr3a ko jalAnA / sasya ko jhulasAnA prANa homa denA / amaMgala, adharma hai / / kumbha ko jalAnA bhI / pApamaya karma hai / ina paMktiyoM ke dvArA 'sadAcAra' zabda kA ullekha kie binA agni ke sadAcAra kI pratIti ho jAtI hai jisase abhidhAtmakatA kA doSa nirAkRta ho jAtA hai, sAtha hI karuNAmaya pravRttiyoM ke varNana se udAttabhAva kI anubhUti hotI hai| zAstrAtmakatA : prastuta mahAkAvya meM vivaraNa, vivecana, pravacana, dezanA aura mImAMsA kI pradhAnatA hai / mAnavIya manobhAvoM, pravRttiyoM, AdarzoM tathA jagat ke vaicitrya kI kalAtmaka abhivyaMjanA alpamAtrA meM hai| isalie yaha adhikAMza zAstra hai, alpAMza meM kAvya / prahelikAtmaka zabdalIlA : kAvya meM prahelikAtmaka zabdavilAsa, kAlpanika niruktivaicitrya tathA anuprAsAtireka kA abhiniveza dRSTigocara hotA hai / kAvya meM anekatra varNaviparyaya aura varNavyatyaya dvArA svAbhipreta artha nikAla kara prahelikAtmaka camatkAra darzAyA gayA hai| jaise 'rAhI' zabda ke ulaTane se 'hIrA' zabda banatA hai| isase yaha artha nikAlA gayA hai ki saMyama kA rAhI banane se manuSya hIrA banatA hai| : "saMyama kI rAha calo / rAhI bananA hI to / hIrA bananA hai, / svayaM rAhI zabda hI viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai - / rA" hI hIrA / " (pR. 56-57)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 91 yahA~ kevala zabda ko ulaTane kA camatkAra hai / saMyama ke rAhI ke sAtha hIrA banane ke samarthana meM jo rAhI zabda ke ulaTane se hIrA zabda bana jAne kI yukti dI gaI hai vaha yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| isa yukti se to asaMyama kI rAha kA rAhI banane ko bhI hIrA bananA kaha sakate haiN| kyoMki 'rAhI' zabda cAhe saMyama ke sAtha jor3A jAya, cAhe asaMyama ke sAtha 'hIrA' artha hI niklegaa| isI prakAra 'rAkha' zabda ko ulaTane se 'kharA' zabda banatA hai| isase yaha artha nikAlA gayA hai ki rAkha bane binA koI kharA nahIM bana sakatA : "kharA zabda bhI svayaM/vilomarUpa se kaha rahA hai-/rAkha bane binA kharA-darzana kahA~ ?/raa"kh"kh"raa"|" (pR. 57) aise aneka udAharaNa haiM : yAda-dayA, nadI-dIna, lAbha-bhalA, nAlI-lInA, rasanA-nAsara, dharatI-tIradha, caraNa-na raca, tAmasa-samatA, dharaNI-nIradha Adi / isI prakAra zabdabhaMga yA varNavyatyaya ke dvArA bhI zabda ke nae-nae artha nikAla kara camatkAra darzAyA gayA hai aura svAbhipreta bhAva kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai / udAharaNArtha : 'kRpANa' zabda se 'Na' varNa ko dUra kara 'kRpA na' banAte hue kRpANa kA kRpA rahita artha siddha kiyA gayA hai : "kRpANa kRpAlu nahIM haiM/ve svayaM kahate haiM hama haiM kRpANa/hama meM kRpA na!" (pR. 73) isI prakAra 'AdamI' zabda ke 'A' ko dUra kara 'A damI' rUpa darzAte hue AdamI kA artha 'A samantAt damI' arthAt pUrNa saMyamI pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| isake bhI aneka udAharaNa haiM : namana-na mana, kAyaratA-kAya ratA, karaNa-kara na, caraNa-cara na, rasanA-rasa nA, pAyasanA-pAya sanA, dhokhA diyA hai-dho khA diyA hai, madada- mada da, vAsanA-vAsa nA ityAdi / zabdoM ke aise tor3a-maror3a dvArA nae-nae artha nikAlane se pAThakoM kA paheliyoM jaisA manoraMjana to hotA hai, kintu ise kAvya nahIM kara sakate / kAvya to sahRdayahRdayAhlAdaka rasAtmaka ukti kA nAma hai| uparyukta zabdalIlA se prApta hone vAlA Ananda prahelikAnanda hai, kAvyAnanda nhiiN| kavi ko yamaka aura zleSa se yukta prahelikAtmaka vAkyoM kI yojanA meM bhI Ananda AtA hai| kumbha para aMkita hone kA bahAnA lekara prahelikAvat tIna vAkya prastuta kie gae haiM aura unakA rahasya kholA gayA hai / ve vAkya haiM - 'kara para kara do, 'mara hama marahama baneM' aura 'maiM do galA' / santa kavi jaba unakA Azaya kholate haiM taba vaisA hI maz2A AtA hai jaisA paheliyoM kA artha samajhane para AtA hai| arthAt yahA~ kAvya rasa kI anubhUti na hokara prahelikArasa kI anubhUti hotI hai / pahelikAe~ kAvya nahIM haiN| ayuktisaMgata niruktiyA~: kavi kI ruci kA eka anya viSaya hai zabdoM kI buddhi meM na baiThane vAlI vicitra niruktiyA~ jinheM par3hate vakta manovinoda to hotA hai, rasAnubhUti nahIM hotii| nArIvAcaka zabdoM kI kavi ne bar3I maz2edAra niruktiyA~ kI haiN| vaha ArI nahIM hai so nArI hai| saMgrahaNI ke rogI ko mahI arthAt maThA-maherI pilAtI hai isalie mahilA kahalAtI hai| vaha balA (saMkaTa) nahIM hai isalie abalA hai| 'ku' yAnI pRthivI, 'mA' yAnI lakSmI aura 'rI' yAnI denevAlI arthAt dharatI ko lakSmI se sampanna karatI hai isalie kumArI kahalAtI hai / 's' yAnI saMyama, 'trI' yAnI dharma-artha-kAma- ina meM puruSa ko kuzala banAtI hai so strI kahalAtI hai / maiM kevala aMga nahIM hU~, aMga ke atirikta bhI kucha hU~-puruSa ko yaha upadeza
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________________ 92 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA detI hai isalie aMganA kahalAtI hai (pR. 202-207) / sA-re-ga-ma yAnI sabhI prakAra ke gama (du:kha), pa-dha (pada) yAnI svabhAva, 'ni' yAnI nahIM haiM, isa artha ko samajhanA hI saMgIta hai (pR.305) / isI prakAra mRdaMga kI dhvaniyoM ke bhI nae artha kalpita kie gae haiN| 'dhA "dhin "dhindhA ' kA artha hai 'vetana-bhinnA cetana-bhinnA' / 'tA'"tina tina "tA' kA Azaya hai 'kA tana "cintA, kA tana''cintA' (pR. 306) / za-sa-Sa kI atyanta rocaka vyAkhyAe~ kI gaI haiN| 'za' yAnI kaSAyoM kA zamana, 'sa' yAnI samatA, 'Sa' yAnI puNya-pApa kA peTa phAr3anA arthAt karmAtIta honA (pR. 397-398) / kavi ne 9 kI saMkhyAoM meM se bhI gUDha-gambhIra tattvoM kA udghATana kiyA hai jisane kAvya ko gaNita aura darzana kA pAdapITha banA diyA hai| eka to ye niruktiyA~ ayuktisaMgata hone se buddhi meM nahIM baiThatIM, dUsare inameM kAvyakalA kA leza bhI na hone se ye kAvya kI koTi meM nahIM aatiiN| ye paheliyoM jaisA maz2A avazya detI haiN| asvAbhAvika bhASA : bhASA adhikAMzata: asvAbhAvika hai / kRtrimatA ke kAraNa kahIM-kahIM zabdoM ke mukhyArtha ko grahaNa kara pAnA bhI asambhava ho jAtA hai / asvAbhAvikatA kA kAraNa hai kavi kA anuprAsa-moha / anuprAsa-yojanA ke lie kavi ne bhASA kI prakRti se mela na khAnevAle kRtrima zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, zabdoM ko tor3a-maror3akara yA unameM kucha nayA jor3a kara aisA rUpa de diyA hai ki ve pahacAna meM nahIM Ate / phalasvarUpa unake mukhyArtha kA anveSaNa karane meM hI pAThaka bhaTaka jAtA hai, lakSyArtha, vyaMgyArtha kI thAha pAne kA to prazna hI nahIM uThatA / kucha udAharaNoM se isakA anubhava ho jAtA hai : 0 "yaha kArmika-vyathana hai, mA~ !" (pR. 15) 0 "pIra-sAgara kI sAvaNatA/cUlata: jharI hai|" (pR. 81) 0 "ghanI aliguNa-hanI/zani kI khanI-sI.. bhaya-mada agha kI janI/duguNI ho AI rAta hai| " (pR. 91) 0 "Rtu kI prakRti bhI zIta-jhIlA hai|" (pR. 93) ___ "jina bAloM meM/ali-guNa-hariNI/kuTilAI vaha/bhanaka AI hai ...jina-caraNoM meM/sAdara AlI/caraNAI vaha/pulaka AI hai|" (pR. 128-129) "apane se viparIta panoM kA pUra/para ko kadApi mata pkdd'o|" (pR. 124) "AmUla jIvana isakA/prazama-pUrNa zamya ho|" (pR. 108) "he sakhe!/adesakha bhAva hai yh|" (pR. 223) 0 "pA~va natA se milatA hai/pAvanatA se khilatA hai|" (pR. 114) 0 "sahana-zIlatA A ThanI/hanana-zIlatA so hnii|" (pR. 209) 0 "tamo-rajo avaguNa-hanI/sato-guNI, zramaguNa-dhanI vaira-virodhI, veda-bodhi / " (pR. 239) 0 "rAjA kI citi kI budabudI ko|" (pR. 220) 0 "rudratA vikRti hai vikAra/samiTa-zIlA hotI hai|" (pR. 135) hindIbhASiyoM ke lie yaha bhASA bilakula aparicita hai / sAvaNatA, aliguNa-hanI, zIta-jhIlA, prazamapUrNa DDDDDDDDDDDD
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 93 zamya, adesakhabhAva, pA~va natA, budabudI, samiTazIlA Adi ye zabda ajanabI haiN| pAThakoM ke lie aparicita hone se ye zabda kavi ke bhAvoM kA sampreSaNa nahIM kara pAte, ulaTe dIvAra bana kara unheM pAThaka taka Ane se rokate haiM jisase kavi kA uddezya hI viphala ho jAtA hai| kavi ko svaprayukta zabdoM kI durUhatA kA bhAna hai, isalie unake artha ko kaI jagaha spaSTa karane kI AvazyakatA par3I hai, jaise: 0 "upadhi yAnI/upakaraNa - upakAraka hai nA! upAdhi yAnI/parigraha - apakAraka hai nA!" (pR. 86) 0 "A~khoM se azru nahIM, asu/yAnI, prANa nikalane ko haiN|" (pR. 279) 0 "jaladhi ne jar3a-dhI kA,/buddhi-hInatA kA, paricaya diyA hai|" (pR. 189) / 0 "jala ko muktA ke rUpa meM DhAlane meM/zuktikA-sIpa kAraNa hai|" (pR. 193) ina uddharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki kavi ne anuprAsa moha ke kAraNa hI durUha zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| kahIM-kahIM kavi ko apane pUre kathana kA hI Azaya spaSTa karanA par3A hai : 0 "aba ye prANa/jala-pAna bina/sammAna nahIM kara pAyeMge kisI kaa| yAnI,/inakA prayANa nizcita hai|" (pR. 292) "hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai/aura/sahita kA bhAva hI sAhitya bAnA hai,/artha yaha huA ki/jisa ke avalokana se sukha kA samudbhava - sampAdana ho/sahI sAhitya vahI hai|" (pR. 111) kavi ko apane hI zabdoM kA artha kholane tathA kathana kA Azaya spaSTa karane kI AvazyakatA kA A par3anA batalAtA hai ki bhASA aneka sthaloM para durUha ho gaI hai| bhASA meM kaI jagaha sAmAsikatA aura sUtrAtmakatA hai, jo bhAvoM ke prasphuTita hone meM bAdhaka hai / nimnavAkya isake udAharaNa haiM : 0 "nati namana-zIlatA jagI/yati yajana-zIlatA jgii|" (pR. 209) 0 "shuklaa-pdmaa-piitaa-leshyaa-dhrii|" (pR. 209) 0 "vn-upvn-vicrnn-dhrmaa/vsnt-vrssaa-tussaar-dhrmaa|" (pR. 257-258) 0 "rti-pti-prtikuulaa-mtivaalii/pti-mti-anukuulaa-gtivaalii|" (pR. 199) anAvazyaka zabdoM kA bojha : kahIM akAraNa, kahIM anuprAsa moha ke kAraNa anAvazyaka zabdoM ke prayoga yA zabda kI punarukti se bhASA bojhila bana gaI hai| 'vaha' zabda kA anAvazyaka rUpa se bahuzaH prayoga huA hai : - "karuNAI vaha/chalaka AI hai|" (pR. 128) - "aruNAI vaha/jhalaka AI hai|" (pR. 128) 0 "caraNAI vaha/pulaka AI hai|" (pR. 129) ina sabhI udAharaNoM meM 'vaha' zabda anAvazyaka hai| nimnalikhita vAkyoM meM rekhAMkita padoM kA prayoga anAvazyaka
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________________ 94 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "...mAnava-khUna/ khUba ubalane lagatA hai|" (pR. 131) 0 "bhRkuTiyA~ Ter3hI tana giiN|" (pR. 134) "A~kha kI putaliyA~ / lAla-lAla tejAbI bana giiN|" (pR. 134) nimna uddharaNoM meM rekhAMkita pada punarukta hue haiM : 0 "...gA~Tha-granthi...(pR. 64); "parama Arta pIr3A hai" (pR. 124); 0 "anta:karaNa-mana pr|"(pR. 125); "halakI raktaraMjitA lAla kyoM hai ?" (pR. 127) 0 "rudratA vikRti hai vikAra / " (pR. 135) niSprayojana punarukti navIna artha kI pratipAdaka na hone se nIrasatA utpanna karatI hai| isalie use kAvya-doSa mAnA gayA hai / kAvya kA pratyeka zabda navIna artha kA vAhaka honA caahie| kahIM pUrA vAkya hI punarAvRtta huA hai : "kumbha ke rUpa meM DhalatI hai/kumbhAkAra dharatI hai|" (pR. 164) yahA~ dvitIya vAkya (kumbha kA AkAra dhAraNa karatI hai) prathama kI punarAvRtti hai| kvacit mAtra hAsya ke lie aprAsaMgika vAkya bhI jor3a die gae haiM : "isane kumbha ko sundara rUpa de/ghoTama-ghoTa kiyA hai ___ kumbha kA galA na ghoTa diyA!" (pR.165) "isIlie to dharatI/sarva-sahA kahalAtI hai/sarva-svAhA nhiiN|" (pR. 190) donoM udAharaNoM meM antima vAkya asambaddha haiN| vyaMjakatA kA ghAta : zabdoM kI punarukti se aneka jagaha vyaMjakatA bhaMga ho gaI hai : 0 "uttuMga-tama gagana cUmate/taraha-taraha ke taruvara / " (pR. 423) 0 "kaThinatama pASANa / " (pR. 159) 'gagana cUmate' zabda se 'uttuMgatama' kI tathA 'pASANa' zabda se 'kaThinatama' kI vyaMjanA apane Apa ho jAtI hai| ina zabdoM ke prayoga se ukta zabdoM kA artha khula jAne se vyaMjakatA bhaMga ho gaI hai aura kAvyatva samApta ho gayA hai| kahIM muhAvaroM aura lAkSaNika prayogoM ke arthaspaSTIkaraNa dvArA bhI kAvya kA prANabhUta vyaMjakatva nau-do-gyAraha ho gayA hai : "binA garaje/kisI para barasatA bhI nahIM yAnI/mAyAcAra se dUra rahatA hai siMha / " (pR. 169) yahA~ prathama vAkya meM prayukta muhAvarA dUsare vAkya meM artha khola die jAne se vyaMjakatva khokara niSprANa ho gayA hai:
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 95 "jahA~ gA~Tha-granthi hai/vahA~ nizcita hI/hiMsA chalatI hai| artha yaha huA ki/granthi hiMsA kI sampAdikA hai|" (pR. 64) yahA~ 'hiMsA chalatI hai' isa lAkSaNika prayoga kA saundarya artha ko vAcya banA dene se vilIna ho gayA hai| isI prakAra 'kara para kara do', 'mara hama marahama baneM' tathA 'maiM do galA' vAkya yadyapi prahelikAvat haiM tathApi inakA artha na kholA jAtA to vyaMjakatA surakSita rahatI aura kAvyatva kA kucha AbhAsa hotaa| kintu artha khola die jAne se vyaMjakatA kUca kara gaI hai aura vivecana ne TIkAgrantha kA rUpa le liyA hai| karNakaTu anuprAsa : kucha sthaloM para anuprAsa karNakaTu ho gayA hai 0 "para-kAminI, vaha jananI ho,/para-dhana kaMcana kI giTTI bhI miTTI ho sajjana kI dRSTi meM!/hAya re !/samagra saMsAra-sRSTi meM aba ziSTatA kahA~ hai vaha ?/avaziSTatA duSTatA kI rahI mAtra!" (pR. 212) "suta-santAna kI susupta zakti ko/saceta aura/zata-pratizata sazaktasAkAra karanA hotA hai sat saMskAroM se/santoM se yahI zruti sunI hai|" (pR. 148) yahA~ sarvatra paruSa vargoM kI ati AvRtti kAnoM ko khaTakatI hai| AvRtti sAyAsa pratIta hotI hai, anAyAsa nhiiN| isI kAraNa kaMcana ke Tukar3e ke lie 'giTTI' zabda kA prayoga anaucitya doSa kA janaka ho gayA hai| aprastuta-anaucitya : eka-do jagaha aprastuta vidhAna anaucityapUrNa hai : __ "mA~ kI gahana-goda meM zizu-sA rAhu ke gAla meM samAhita huA bhAskara / " (pR. 238) sUrya ko grasane vAle rAhu ke kAla-sama gAla ko mA~ kI mRdu goda kA aprastuta vidhAna (upamAna) atyanta anucita hai "bodhi kI cir3iyA vaha/phurra kyoM na kara jAyegI ? krodha kI bur3hiyA vaha/gurra kyoM na kara jAyegI ?" (pR. 12) krodha ke lie bur3hiyA zabda ke prayoga se krodha bhI bUr3hA-sA balahIna aura akiMcitkara pratIta hone lagatA hai| 'krodha kA viSadhara bhI phana kyoM na uThAegA ?' kahA jAtA to krodha kI karAlatA turanta mana meM kauMdha jAtI / isake atirikta bur3hiyA kabhI gurrAtI nahIM hai, bar3abar3AtI hai| kevala varNa-sAmya ke lie aise prayoga kAvyatva ke vighAtaka haiN| "nizA kA avasAna ho rahA hai/uSA kI aba zAna ho rahI hai|" (pR. 1) yahA~ uSA kA aba gAna ho rahA hai' yaha prayoga prasaMgAnukUla tathA kAvyAtmaka hotaa| niSkarSa yaha ki prastuta kRti eka gambhIra vidhAgata anaucitya se grasta hai / sAdhyAdi sambandha ke abhAva meM tathA artha vizeSa kI vyaMjanA ke prayojana binA tiryaMcoM aura jar3a padArthoM para jainAcAryoM aura jaina tattvajJAniyoM ke vyaktitva kA Aropa sampUrNa kathana ko asaMgata banA detA hai / "mukhyAbhAve sati nimitte prayojane copacAra: pravartate"- isa nyAyazAstrIya evaM kAvyazAstrIya niyama kA yahA~ dhyAna nahIM rakhA gyaa|
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________________ 96 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA isa anaucityapUrNa vidhA ke DhA~ce meM tattvamImAMsA aura dharmadezanA ko pratipAdya banAyA gayA hai jo prAya: abhidhAtmaka / ataH prastuta kRti pradhAnatayA eka zAstra hai / varNaviparyaya, varNavyatyaya ( zabdabhaMga) evaM svakalpita niruktiyoM ke dvArA vicitra artha pratipAdita kie jAne se isameM prahelikAtmakatA bhI hai jise kAvya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| bhASA kAfI hada taka asvAbhAvika evaM kRtrima hai / isase bhAvasampreSaNa meM bAdhA utpanna huI hai / anuprAsAtireka ne bhI kAvyatva ko hAni pahu~cAI hai / phira bhI kRti meM kAvya ke aneka sundara udAharaNa haiM jo vibhinna kAvyaguNoM se maNDita haiM / ve apanI ramaNIyatA aura prabhAvotpAdakatA ke kAraNa marma ko chUte haiM aura mana ko AhlAdita karate haiM / itane mAtra se kRti mUlyavAn ho gaI hai| 'mUkamATI' : sarasa zailI meM likhita dArzanika mahAkAvya DaoN. ramAnAtha tripAThI 'mUkamATI' eka aisA dArzanika mahAkAvya hai jo sarasa zailI meM likhA gayA hai / racayitA AcArya vidyAsAgara meM sarjana kI kSamatA hai| unhoMne mATI jaisI akiMcana vastu ko bhavyatA pradAna kI hai| unhoMne yugAnurUpa zailI meM apanA kathya prastuta kiyA hai / kaThinAI yaha hai ki yaha yuga mahAkAvya kA nahIM hai, aba isakA sthAna upanyAsa ne le liyA hai / isake atirikta mATI, kumudanI, cA~da-tAre, sugandha Adi jaise pAtroM ke AdhAra para likhita lagabhaga 500 pRSThoM ke isa mahAgrantha ko par3hane kA sAhasa kyA pAThaka meM hai ? tathApi, yadi koI ise par3ha legA to use AdhyAtmika dRSTi avazya milegI / eka santa-kavi se aise hI mahAkAvya kI apekSA kI jA sakatI hai / niHsandeha yaha apane DhaMga kA anupama grantha 1 pRSTha 10U aura suno !aba se kaba taka ? O
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________________ dArzanika vicAra bIjoM kA pallavana : 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya DaoN. vizvanAtha bhaTTAcArya AcArya vidyAsAgara racita 'mUkamATI' eka subRhat mahAkAvya hai| cAra khaNDoM meM, pravahamAna svacchanda zailI meM, sarvasva-tyAgI jaina muni ne isa mahAkAvya kI racanA kI hai / kavi kA sAdhaka caritra isa mahAkAvya ke rasAsvAdana meM vizeSa mahattva rakhatA hai / sArthaka kAvya yadyapi kavi kI apanI sImAoM se ba~dhA nahIM rahatA, phira bhI kavi kI vizvadRSTi kAvya kA mUlasrota hotI hai / isI dRSTi se isa mahAkAvya ke vivecana meM kavi ke sAdhaka caritra kA dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hai| mUka ko mukhara banAne kI zakti ekamAtra kavi ko hai aura kadAcit paramezvara ko / kavi yaha kArya svecchA se karatA hai aura paramezvara ko sAdhanA kI apekSA rahatI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhArata kI mAnyatA hai ki "apAre kAvyasaMsAre kavirekaH prajApatiH" - samagra kAvya saMsAra kA niyantraNa kavi kI kalpanAzakti kA vilAsa hai| nirgrantha ho kara AtmasAkSAtkAra ke paramAnanda meM ramane kI utkaTa abhilASA jisa sAdhaka ko ho, vaha yadi kavi ho jAe to kaisA kAvya likhegA ? isI prazna kA eka uttara 'mUkamATI' hai / saba kucha chor3a kara hI sarvasva kI prApti sambhava hai| isa ApAta-virodhI parama satya ko kavi vAstavikatA meM pratiSThita karane kI zakti rakhatA hai / jo jaisA hai use vaisA hI rakhakara usameM kavi nayA prANa phUMkatA hai, nae dharAtala para usakI nigUr3ha yathArthatA ko ujAgara karatA hai aura jo aba taka ajJAta thA, dabA thA, mUka thA, use mukhara banA detA hai| ___ 'mUkamATI' meM kavi ne samagra vizva-prapaMca ko eka zRMkhalita rUpaka ke mAdhyama se dikhAyA hai| kavi kA uddezya rasasRSTi nahIM hai / vaha to mahAkavi azvaghoSa kI bhA~ti kaha sakatA hai : "ityeSA vyupazAntaye na rataye mokSArthagarbhA kRtiH|" rati se virati aura virati se samagra ko AtmIya banAne kI ora kavi agrasara haiN| mATI se kumbhakAra kumbha banAtA hai / Aga meM tapa kara vaha vizva ko nirmala jala pilA kara dhanya karatA hai aura mRtkumbha ke sAmane svarNa Adi se banA mahAmUlya kumbha vyartha hai - moTe taura para yahI kAvya kA mUlabhUta rUpaka hai| 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha'; 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM; 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' aura 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha'-kavi ne cAra khaNDoM ke ye atyanta sArthaka zIrSaka die haiN| varNa-lAbha se jisa gati kA prArambha hotA hai usakI parama parisamApti rAkha meM hai| sabhI padArtha pratIkAtmaka hone se varNa kevala raMga hI nahIM hai aura rAkha bhI sAmAnya rAkha nahIM, apitu vAsanAoM ko agnisAt kara pariNAmata: nirmala 'cA~dI-sI rAkha' hai, yaha sahRdayoM ko kahane kI jarUrata nahIM hai / vastuta: kavi ke rUpa meM itanI vistRta, bahumukhI rUpakakalpanA kA pUrNAMga nirvAha kavi kI asAdhAraNa kavitvasiddhi kA pramANa hai| kumbha ke pratIka ke dvArA mAnava jIvana kA citraNa bArahavIM zatI ke phArasI kavi aura gaNitajJa umara khayyAma ne bhI apanI rubAiyoM meM kiyA hai, para dRSTibheda ke kAraNa phArasI kavi ne kumbha ko niSprANa tathA bhAgyatAr3ita asahAya vastu ke rUpa meM dekhA hai jaba ki tapasvI kavi ne use mATI se lekara prANaprada, jaladAna ke puNya se parama prApti ke mArga para pratiSThita kara diyA hai / dArzanika vicAra-bIjoM kA kavitva kI bhUmi meM yaha pallavana kAvya kA mahAkAvyatva aura kavi kI krAntadarzitA ko suspaSTa rUpa meM sUcita karatA hai| kavi vidyAsAgara kI bhASAzailI vizeSa rUpa se prazaMsanIya hai / zabdoM ke prayoga meM ve niSNAta hI nahIM apitu cauMkA dene vAlI kuzalatA kA pradarzana karate haiN|
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________________ 98 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "aparAdhI nahIM bano/aparA 'dhI' bano,/'parAdhI' nahIM parAdhIna nahIM/parantu/aparAdhIna bano !" (pR. 477) saMskRta bhASA kA gambhIra jJAna ke binA aise prayoga sambhava nahIM haiN| aura aisA prayoga mAtra eka bAra nahIM kAvya ke AdyopAnta sarvatra balAt hamArI dRSTi AkRSTa karate haiN| ni:saMzaya, isa kAvya meM racayitA dvArA hindI bhASA ke kSetra meM aneka navIna zabdaprayoga kA mArga prazasta huA hai| sAdhakajJAnI ke rUpa meM manuSya kA Akalana bAhara se sambhava nahIM hai, vaha sAdhaka ke sarvasva-tyAga kI nizchalatA se siddha hotA hai / parantu kavi ke rUpa meM AcArya vidyAsAgara hamAre sAdara zraddhA ke pAtra haiM, jinhoMne mAnava jIvana kI saphalatA ke mArga meM mRtkumbha se maMgalamaya jalasiMcana kiyA hai| hamArI yaha zraddhA aura bhI gaharI ho jAtI hai jaba hama dekhate haiM ki kitane anAyAsa gambhIratama dArzanika siddhAntoM ko kavi ne samAvezita kiyA hai / jJAna kI pUrNatA kavi vANI meM anAyAsa vilasita huI hai / jJAnI tathA kavi donoM rUpoM meM AcArya vidyAsAgara stutya haiN| 'mUkamATI' : dharma, darzana aura adhyAtma kA sAra DaoN. hari nArAyaNa dIkSita AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja praNIta 'mUkamATI' viziSTa evaM adbhuta rUpaka mahAkAvya na kevala viSaya vastu evaM prastutIkaraNa kI dRSTi se sahRdaya pAThakoM ko camatkRta karane meM sakSama hai, apitu samasAmayika sandarbho kI pRSThabhUmi meM dharma, darzana tathA adhyAtma ke sAra ko prastuta karake kavi kI maulika dRSTi kA bhI pramANa detA hai / mUka, nirIha kintu dhruva sattA sampanna miTTI ko mahAkAvya kA viSaya banAkara AcAryazrI ne eka naI dRSTi se mAnava mUlyoM ko sthApita kiyA hai / isa racanA ke lie AcAryazrI sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiN| manorama kAvya zailI meM nibaddha, kathA-kahAnI kI rocakatA se sampanna isa mahAkAvya meM dharma, darzana jaise durUha viSayoM ko rucikara prasaMgoM dvArA saralatA se grAhya banAyA gayA hai| pradhAnata: zAnta rasa kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai; prakRti ke vividha rUpoM ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai tathA sampreSaNIya bhASA-zailI meM vividha chandoM aura alaMkAroM kI chaTA se nikhare hue isa mahAkAvya ko sahaja grAhya, bhAvAbhivyakti meM samartha bhASA meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / yahI nahIM, bhAratIya saMskRti ke mUla mantra-sabake sukha, kalyANa kI kAmanA-ko prastuta mahAkAvya meM abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai| BHARA pRSTha 370 lo, dIpala kI lAla lau.... ...samagratAse sAkSAtkAra
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________________ 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya : eka kAlajayI racanA padmazrI rAmanArAyaNa upAdhyAya jaina darzana ke mahAn cintaka, vicAraka, tapasvI AcArya vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja mukta cintana karane vAle mukta puruSa haiN| aise mukta puruSa dvArA 'mATI' jaisI tuccha vastu ke mAdhyama se mahAkAvya kI racanA karanA eka durlabha kArya jisane mATI kI mahimA ko pahacAnA, mATI ke nae-nae rUpoM ke darzana kie, mATI kI tapasyA, sAdhanA ko samajhA, jisane mATI kI urvaratA, jIvantatA, rUpa, rasa tathA gandha kA AsvAdana kiyA, jisane usakI vyathA ko vANI pradAna kI, vahI to saccA santa, saccA sAhityakAra yA saccA kavi hai| hamArA zarIra svayaM mATI kA ghaTa hai / jIvana kI bhaTTI meM tapakara hI vaha pUrNa kumbha kA AkAra grahaNa karatA hai| manuSya kA jIvana eka yajJa hai| isameM use hotA, samidhA, Ahuti aura pUrNAhuti kI bhUmikA nibhAnI hotI hai| isameM AdamI pahale jaMgala se lakar3iyA~ lAkara unakI samidhA banA Ahuti dekara agni prajvalita karatA hai, phira apane pavitra karmoM kI niSkAma AhutiyA~ dekara ghara-parivAra kA mAMgalya nyotatA hai| aura anta meM svayaM samidhA banakara yajJa meM apanI pUrNAhuti dekara use sampUrNatA pradAna karatA hai / Aja kauna hai jo bez2abAna kI ora se bolatA hai yAnI jhAr3a kI tarapha se bolatA hai, pahAr3a kI tarapha se bolatA hai, phUla aura phasaloM kI tarapha se bolatA hai, mUkamATI kI tarapha se bolatA hai ? jo inakI tarapha se bolatA hai vahI saccA santa hai, RSi hai, kavi aura naI sRSTi kA racayitA hai| ___AcAryajI ne eka upanyAsa kI taraha mATI aura kumbhakAra kA riztA sa~joyA hai / kumbhakAra pahale mATI se kaMkaroM ko alaga kara manuSya kI kamaz2oriyoM ko haTA use zuddha, mRdu, mulAyama rUpa dekara phira use karma ke cakke para car3hAkara eka sampUrNa kumbha, kalaza kA nirmANa karatA hai / lekina jaba taka saMgharSa kI Aga meM tapakara manuSya kharA nahIM utaratA, taba taka usakA jIvana svarNa kalaza kI taraha camaka nahIM pAtA / ataeva kumbhakAra use jIvana kI agni meM tapAkara paripakvatA pradAna karatA hai / aisI tapasyA se nirmita ghaTa hI jIvana ke jala se amRta kI taraha bharakara chalakatA AyA hai| hamArA sampUrNa jIvana mATI kI vyathA kathA hai / kahate haiM mATI hI nitya nae-nae rUpa dharate AI hai / phUla se pUchA-"tumheM saundarya evaM sugandha kahA~ se milI ?" bolA-"mATI se pUcho / usI ne mujhe rUpa, rasa, sugandha pradAna kii|" manuSya se pUchA-"tumheM cAritrika sugandha kahA~ se milI ?" bolA-"mATI se pUcho / usakI mauna tapasyA ne mujhe AcaraNa ke mAdhyama se bolane kI cAritrika sugandha pradAna kii|" socatA hU~ : "dekhA hai phUla/nahIM dekhI gandha/jiyA hU~ use|" mUkamATI ke mAdhyama se phasaleM gAtIM haiM, gunagunAtI haiM, jharane saMgIta kA svara sunAte haiM aura vAyu meM prANoM kA spandana sunA jA sakatA hai| kahate haiM pahale zUnya thaa| zUnya meM se AkAza janmA, AkAza se vAyu aura vAyu se agni utpanna huI / agni kI garamI se jala banA aura jala meM se pRthvI kI utpatti huI / pRthvI para vRkSa, vanaspati, anna utpanna huA aura usase manuSya kA janma huaa| AdamI mATI se janamA, mATI meM palA aura mATI meM vilIna ho gyaa| yahI mUkamATI kI vyathA-kathA hai|
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________________ 100 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA AcAryajI ne mUkamATI ke mAdhyama se kumbha se brahmANDa taka kI kathA sa~joI hai| 'mUkamATI' AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kA eka apratima mahAkAvya hai / AcAryajI ne saba kucha apane para saha kara, sarvasva kA tyAga kara mATI jaisI tuccha, mauna vastu ko mAdhyama banAkara, usake darda aura vyathA ko vANI pradAna kI hai| binA vyathA ke mahAkAvya kI racanA nahIM kI jA sktii| vyAdha ke bANa se biMdhe krauMca kI cIkha aura sItA ke niSkAsana kI karuNa kathA meM se hI vAlmIki ne 'rAmAyaNa' jaise mahAkAvya kI racanA kii| jisa mATI ke ghar3e meM ThaNDA jala pilAne kI kSamatA hai, use kitanA saha kara, Aga meM tapa kara yaha guNa milA hai ! pahale use kumhAra ne kudAlI se khodA, phira usake kaMkaroM ko sAfa kara, pAnI meM sAnakara, pA~voM se kucalakara, cAka para car3hAkara use 'ghaTa' yAnI ghar3e kA rUpa diyA / phira usane ave kI 'Aga' meM tapane para hI pUrNatA prApta kii| manuSya ko jIvana zakti pradAna karane ke lie, anna ke utpAdana ke lie kheta kI mUkamATI ko kitanA sahanA par3A hai| pahale use hala kI noka se cIra kara usameM bIja boyA gayA, phira bIja aMkurita hokara paudhA banA, phira pallavita hokara phasala banA aura usase anna kI prApti huii| hamAre yahA~ brahmA ko hI ghaTa-ghaTa kA nirmAtA prajApati' kahA gayA hai| manuSya kA zarIra bhI to mATI kA ghaTa hai / paramezvara ne usameM prANoM kA saMcAra kiyA / yaha sampUrNa pRthvI eka vizAla ghaTa hai| lekina saba kucha apane para saha kara bhI vaha mUka hai / mATI kabhI kucha bolatI nhiiN| AcAryazrI ne usI mUkamATI kI vyathA ko vANI pradAna kI hai| isa taraha mATI kI kathA, sAhityakAra kI vyathA sampUrNa pRthvI kI vyathA-kathA hai / use sundara rUpaka ke mAdhyama se, bhAvanA pUrNa zabdoM meM mahAkAvya meM bA~dhanA eka duSkara kArya hai / isIlie AcArya vidyAsAgara jI kA 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya eka kAlajayI racanA hai| ApakI isa kAlajayI racanA ke lie Ane vAlI pIr3hiyA~ zatAbdiyoM taka ApakI RNI rheNgii| MVID/ pRSTha 03 adhomukhI jIvana urvamukhI ge/.... Ape pA jAte haiM, yA~ pr|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : AcaraNa kI zucitA kA mahAkAvya __DaoN. sarajU prasAda mizra AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kavi hokara bhI kavi-samAja se Upara haiM, jaise candana vRkSa hokara bhI taru-samAja se Upara hai, kyoMki vaha apane zItalatA ke guNa ko kabhI nahIM chor3atA / tulasIdAsajI ne kahA hai : "santa hRdaya navanIta smaanaa|" AcAryazrI ne apane hRdaya ke navanIta ko 'mUkamATI' nAmaka kAvya kRti meM saMcita kiyA hai, jisake sevana (adhyayana-manana) se vikArayukta hRdaya zuddha svarNa bana sakate haiM aura bhautikatA ke paMka meM pha~sI sRSTi apanA kAyAkalpa kara sakatI hai| hindI ke tIna amara mahAkAvyoM 'padamAvata, 'rAmacaritamAnasa' aura 'kAmAyanI' kI ujjvala paramparA meM eka mahAkAvya aura A jur3A hai aura vaha hai 'mUkamATI' / 'rAmacaritamAnasa' meM rAmabhakti kI mahimA ke varNana ke sAtha hI sAtha gosvAmIjI ne maryAdA-rakSaNa aura AcAra-vicAra kI saMgati para jora diyA hai| dharma ko vyApaka AyAma pradAna kiyA gayA hai| vyakti-dharma se prArambha karake vizvadharma kI antima sIr3hI taka pahu~cA gayA hai / 'padamAvata' prema kI pIra ke mAdhyama se Izvara ko pAne kI sAdhanA kA anyoktiparaka mahAkAvya hai| 'kAmAyanI' hRdaya aura buddhi, icchA, kriyA aura jJAna, bhautikatA aura AdhyAtmikatA ke bIca sAmaMjasya sthApita karane kA prayAsa hai / 'mUkamATI' isa paramparA meM eka naI kar3I jor3atI hai / vaha AdhyAtmikatA kI vyAkhyA karatI hai| AdhyAtmikatA kI bAteM to bahuta kI jAtI haiM, lekina AdhyAtmikatA kyA hai, isa prazna kA santoSajanaka uttara 'mUkamATI' meM hai / AcAryazrI isa saphalatA ke lie sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiN| AdhyAtmikatA kyA hai ? AcaraNa kI zucitA / dalita drAkSA-sA svayaM ko parahita ke lie nicor3a denaa| AcaraNa kI zucitA ke binA koI bhI santa, mahAtmA aura bhagavAn nahIM ho sakatA / isa bAta ko zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne mATI, zilpI, seTha, kumbha tathA kanaka-kalaza Adi ko lekara khar3I kI gaI sUkSma-sI kathA ke mAdhyama se kahA hai : 0 "rAkha bane binA/kharA-darzana kahA~ ?/rA 'kha'kha rA AzISa ke hAtha uThAtI-sI/mATI kI mudrA/udAra smudraa|" (pR. 57) "mantra na hI acchA hotA hai/nA hI burA/acchA, burA to apanA mana hotA hai/sthira mana hI vaha/mahAmantra hotA hai aura/asthira mana hI/pApatantra svacchanda hotA hai, eka sukha kA sopAna hai/eka duHkha kA so pAna hai|" (pR. 108-109) jitendriya, saMyamI, nirabhimAnI, yaza-kIrti ke prati udAsIna, paropakArI santa hI AdhyAtmika kahA jA sakatA hai| samAja yadi usakA anukaraNa kare to apane rogoM se mukta ho sakatA hai| choTe se choTe prasaMga ko bhI isa mahAkavi ne gahana evaM upAdeya vacanoM se citrita kiyA hai| udAharaNata: zilpI bAlaTI rassI meM bA~dhakara kue~ meM DAlanA cAhatA hai, mATI ko bhigAne ke lie jala prApta karane ke lie| rassI meM gA~Tha par3a jAtI hai| vaha gA~Tha ko prayatnapUrvaka khola DAlatA hai / rassI rasanA se pUchatI hai ki gA~Tha se Apake svAmI ko kyA bAdhA thI ? rasanA uttara detI hai ki mere svAmI ahiMsA-priya haiN| yadi gA~Tha khole binA jala bharI bAlaTI khIMcI jAtI to gA~Tha girrA para giratI, rassI girrA meM pha~satI aura pariNAma svarUpa: "bAlaTI kA bahuta kucha jala/uchalakara punaH/kUpa meM jA giregA
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________________ 102 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA usa jala meM rahate aneka jalacara jIva/ lagI coTa ke kAraNa / akAla meM hI mareMge, isa doSa ke svAmI/ mere svAmI kaise bana sakate haiM ? (pR. 65) bAlaTI kue~ meM utarI to Atma-tattva kI jJAtA saMkalpitA machalI ko vaha kisI avatArI puruSa kI taraha lgii| anya machaliyA~ bhojana kI AzA meM usakI ora daur3IM aura use rikta pA nirAza ho giiN| saMkalpitA machalI ko usa bAlaTI para 'dhammo dayAvisuddho' tathA 'dhammaM saraNaM gacchAmi' jaise sUtra aMkita dIkha par3e / vaha machalI usameM praveza kara mAno mokSa pA jAtI hai / anya machaliyA~ usakI jaya jayakAra karatI haiM / bAlaTI meM praviSTa vaha machalI Urdhva saMcaraNa karatI haihaThayogI kI trh| machalI ke rUpa meM siddha puruSa kI dazA kA kitanA manojJa citrAMkana hai : " taira nahIM rahI machalI / / bhUla- sI gaI hai tairanA vaha, spandana-hIna mativAlI huI hai / svabhAva kA darzana huA, ki kriyA kA abhAva huA-sA / lagatA hai aba..! amanda sthitivAlI hotI hai vaha !" (pR. 78) 'mUkamATI' ke mahAkAvyatva ke bAre meM sandeha kie jAne kI sambhAvanA hai, kyoMki kisI vidhA ke paramparAgata sthUla lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para usa vidhA kI nUtana kRti ko parakhane kI galata paramparA hamane DAla rakhI hai / vidhA kI paramparAgata rUr3hiyoM ko tor3ane vAlI kRti kA sampUrNa DhA~cA nayA hotA hai| vaha eka imArata ke samAna dUsarI imArata banAne kI kriyA nahIM hai / usameM racanAkAra kA sampUrNa vyaktitva, usakA pariveza, usakA yuga rUpAyita hotA hai| 'mAnasa' kI anukRti 'sAketa' nahIM hai, 'sAketa' kI anukRti 'kAmAyanI' nahIM hai aura 'kAmAyanI' kI anukRti 'mUkamATI' nahIM hai / lakSaNa-grantha kucha bhI kaheM, mahAkAvya kA phalaka bahuta vyApaka hotA hai, usameM kavi kA apanA jIvana-bimba hota hai, apanI dRSTi hotI hai / sampUrNa virAT jIvana aura sRSTi ke sambandha meM usameM gahana cintana hotA hai| yuga ke samakSa upasthita saMkaTa se nigAheM na curAkara mahAkAvya usase TakarAtA hai / 'mUkamATI' isa nikaSa para kharI utaratI hai / AtaMkavAda Aja kI jvalanta samasyA hai| bhArata hI nahIM, sampUrNa vizva usakI guMjalaka meM pha~sA huA hai| 'mUkamATI' kA racanAkAra bhI isa ora pUrA dhyAna detA hai : "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda / zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI dharatI yaha, / ye A~kheM aba / AtaMkavAda ko dekha nahIM sakatIM, ye kAna aba / AtaMka kA nAma suna nahIM sakate / " (pR. 441) AtaMkavAda krodha para AdhArita hai| krodha karanevAlA anyoM ko hI nahIM, svayaM ko bhI hAni pahu~cAtA hai : "jise sarpa kATatA hai/ vaha mara bhI sakatA hai / aura nahIM bhI, use jahara car3ha bhI sakatA hai / aura nahIM bhI, / kintu kATane bAda sarpa vaha / mUrcchita avazya hotA hai / " (pR. 416 ) eka jamAnA thA ki 'sAmyavAda' aura 'samAjavAda' ko Dhola bajA bajA kara cakravartI samrAT ke rUpa meM janamAnasa para pratiSThita kiyA jAtA thA / 'samAjavAda' kI duraMgI nIti kA mulammA nikala cukA hai aura 'sAmyavAda' kI bhavya imArata ghara-gharAkara gira rahI hai| AcAryazrI ne samAjavAda kA rAmanAmI dupaTTA or3hanevAloM kI raMge siyAravAlI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 103 chavi para se paradA uThA diyA hai: "svAgata merA ho/manamohaka vilAsitAyeM/mujhe mileM acchI vastue~aisI tAmasatA bharI dhAraNA hai tumhArI,/phira bhalA batA do hameM, AsthA kahA~ hai samAjavAda meM tumhArI? sabase Age maiM/samAja bAda meM!" (pR. 460-461) mahAkavi vidyAsAgara ke anusAra AcaraNa kI zucitA vAle paropakArI logoM kA jIvana hI samAjavAda hai : "samAja kA artha hotA hai samUha/aura/samUha yAnI sama-samIcIna Uha-vicAra hai/jo sadAcAra kI nIMva hai| kula milA kara artha yaha huA ki/pracAra-prasAra se dUra prazasta AcAra-vicAra vAloM kA/jIvana hI samAjavAda hai| samAjavAda samAjavAda cillAne mAtra se/samAjavAdI nahIM bnoge|" (pR. 461) pUrva ne svayaM ko hIna aura pazcima ko zreSTha mAnakara pazcimI sabhyatA ko sira para biThA rakhA hai| vahA~ kA ghaTiyA aura sar3A-galA sAhitya hama pariNAma kI cintA kie binA gale ke nIce utAre jA rahe haiN| pazcima kI camakadamaka ne hamArI dRSTi para paradA DAla diyA hai / hama pUrva aura pazcima kA antara hI bhUla gae haiN| 'mUkamATI' ke racayitA ne 'hI' aura 'bhI' ke dvArA isa antara ko spaSTa kiyA hai : " 'hI' dekhatA hai hIna dRSTi se para ko/'bhI' dekhatA hai samIcIna dRSTi se saba ko, 'hI' vastu kI zakla ko hI pakar3atA hai/'bhI' vastu ke bhItarI-bhAga ko bhI chUtA hai, 'hI' pazcimI-sabhyatA hai/'bhI' hai bhAratIya saMskRti, bhaagy-vidhaataa| rAvaNa thA 'hI' kA upAsaka/rAma ke bhItara 'bhI' baiThA thaa| yahI kAraNa ki/rAma upAsya hue, haiM, rahege Age bhii|" (pR. 173) 'sAmyavAda' kI asaphalatA ke bAda eka lokatantra kA hI rAstA baca rahA hai lekina use bhI dUSita karane kA prayAsa pUre z2ora-zora se jArI hai| 'bhI' kI talasparzI dRSTi lokatantra kI rIr3ha hai / AcAryazrI isa vasudhA para 'bhI' ko pratiSThita hote hue dekhanA cAhate haiM : " 'bhI' ke Asa-pAsa/bar3hatI-sI bhIr3a lagatI avazya, kintu bhIr3a nahIM,/'bhI' lokatantra kI rIr3ha hai| loka meM lokatantra kA nIr3a/taba taka surakSita rahegA jaba taka 'bhI' zvAsa letA rhegaa|/'bhii' se svacchandatA-madAndhatA miTatI hai svatantratA ke svapna sAkAra hote haiM,/sadvicAra sadAcAra ke bIja 'bhI' meM haiM, 'hI' meM nhiiN|/prbhu se prArthanA hai, ki/'hI' se hIna ho jagat yaha abhI ho yA kabhI bhI ho/'bhI' se bheMTa sabhI kI ho|" (pR. 173) kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa kRti kA nAyaka bhavya aura udAtta guNoM se sampanna nahIM hai / mATI ko nAyaka banAne
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________________ 104 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kA tuka kyA hai ! 'mATI' kI mahattA ko kama lekhanevAloM ke lie hI zAyada kisI ne likha rakhA hai : "mATI kahe kuMbhAra se, tU kA raude moya / ika dina aisA AyagA, maiM rauMdUMgI toya // " mATI heya aura tuccha nahIM hai / mATI se hI saba upajatA hai aura antata: saba usI meM samA jAte haiN| jAyasI ke 'padamAvata' mahAkAvya ke anta meM rAnI padminI aura rAjapUta rAniyoM ke satI ho jAne ke bAda sulatAna vahA~ pahu~catA hai aura eka muTThI rAkha uThAkara nIce chor3a detA hai / kavi ne batAyA hai ki jIvana kI itizrI isI prakAra hotI hai| kahA bhI gayA hai : "kSiti, jala, pAvaka, gagana, samIrA / paMca tattva yaha racita sriiraa|" paMca tattvoM se racita yaha zarIra rUpI kumbha mahat hai, bhavya hai aura udAtta hai / isakI pavitratA ko banAe rakhane kI bAta hara mahAkavi duharAtA AyA hai| 'mUkamATI' kA nAyaka mATI kA putalA yaha manuSya hai jo apanI sAdhanA se sampUrNa carAcara ke lie upayogI bana jAtA hai| 488 pRSThoM kI yaha bRhadAkAra kAvyakRti cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hai| halake kathAsUtra ke sahAre jIvana ke marma meM praveza kara jIvana ke virAT satyoM kA udghATana kiyA gayA hai / itanA vyApaka phalaka jisa kAvyakRti kA ho aura itanI talasparzI mAnava kalyANakArI dRSTi jisameM ho, use mahAkAvya nahIM kaheMge to aura kyA kaheMge / paramparA kI lakIra pITane vAloM kI nirAzA satya kA kaNThAvarodha to nahIM kara sakatI / 'mUkamATI' ko dalita kA pratIka mAna kara use 'dalita sAhitya' se jor3ane kI koI arthavattA maiM nahIM maantaa| ___kahanevAle to yaha bhI kaha sakate haiM ki AcArya vidyAsAgara vairAgI santa haiM, unakA kAvya-sRjana se kyA nAtA ? nAtA batAne ke pUrva maiM yaha smaraNa dilA dU~ ki tulasI, jAyasI, kabIra, sUra, mIrA kyA the aura phira bhI unakA kAvya-sRjana se nAtA kaise thA ! AcAryazrI kI nirIkSaNa zakti bahuta tIvra hai aura dekhI huI hara mudrA, hara bhAva, hara bhaMgimA ko jyoM kA tyoM ureha dene kI adbhuta kAvya-kSamatA Apa meM hai / isa sambandha meM eka hI udAharaNa paryApta hai : "usake donoM kandhoM se utaratI huI/donoM bAhuoM meM lipaTatI huI, phira dAyeM vAlI bAyIM ora/bAyoM vAlI dAyIM ora jA kaTi-bhAga ko kasatI huI/nIle uttarIya kI donoM chora nIce laTaka rahI haiN|" (pR. 336) / Avazyaka hone para AcAryazrI upamAnoM kI jhar3I-sI lagA dete haiN| upamAnoM kA cayana kavi kI nirIkSaNa zakti aura jIvanAnubhava para nirbhara karatA hai : "kRSNa-pakSa ke candramA kI-sI/dazA hai seTha kI zAnta-rasa se virahita kavitA-sama/paMchI kI cahaka se vaMcita prabhAta-sama zItala candrikA se rahita rAta-sama/aura/bindI se vikala abalA ke bhAla-sama/saba kucha nIrava-nirIha laga rahA hai / lo,/DhalAna meM dulakate-dulakate/pASANa-khaNDa kI bhA~ti ghara A pahuMcatA hai seTha..!" (pR. 351-352) prAcIna kAla se hI kaviyoM kI bahujhatA bhI carcA kA viSaya rahI hai / kavi korA bhAvadhArA meM DUbane-utarAne vAlA bhAvanAzIla jIva hI nahIM hotA, jIvana kA vyApaka anubhava tathA pracura jJAna-bhaNDAra bhI usake pAsa hotA hai, vaha
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 105 bahupaThita, jJAnI evaM paNDita bhI hotA hai / bahujJatA ke pIche yahI vicAradhArA nihita hai / tulasIdAsa, kezavadAsa, bihArI, ratnAkara ityAdi kI bahujJatA ke bAre meM paryApta lekhana huA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke racayitA bhI isa kSetra meM kisI se pIche nahIM haiN| vidyAsAgara nAma sahI DhaMga se 'mUkamATI' meM sArthaka huA hai / AcAryazrI ne prAya: sabhI mahattvapUrNa viSayoM meM apanI gaharI paiTha kA paricaya diyA hai| prArambha sAhitya aura vyutpatti zAstra se hI kiyA jAya / 'jo sahita hai, vahI sAhitya hai / ' mAnava jIvana ko kSudra, heya aura nirAzAyukta banAne vAlA sAhitya kabhI vAMchanIya nahIM ho sakatA : "hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai aura sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai,/artha yaha huA ki jisa ke avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava-sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai/anyathA,/surabhi se virahita puSpa-sama sukha kA rAhitya hai vaha/sAra-zUnya zabda-jhuNDa..!" (pR. 111) zabdoM kI vyutpatti para to AcAryazrI kA asAdhAraNa adhikAra hai| kahIM-kahIM zabdoM ke viloma prayoga se bhI ve gaharI arthavattA utpanna karate haiM, jaise 'rAkha-kharA, 'rAhI-hIrA, rasanA-nAsara, dharatI-tIradha', 'dharaNI-nIradha' ityaadi| vyutpatti-zAstra ke AdhAra para 'niyati' aura 'puruSArtha' ke artha nimnalikhita DhaMga se nikAle gae haiM : " 'ni' yAnI nija meM hI/'yati' yAnI yatana-sthiratA hai| apane meM lIna honA hI niyati hai/nizcaya se yahI yati hai,/aura 'puruSa' yAnI AtmA-paramAtmA hai/ 'artha' yAnI prAptavya-prayojana hai AtmA ko chor3akara/saba padArthoM ko vismRta karanA hI/sahI puruSArtha hai|" (pR. 349) 'kumbhakAra' kI nUtana vyAkhyA dekhie : " 'kuM' yAnI dharatI/aura/'bha' yAnI bhAgya-/yahA~ para jo bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho/kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai / " (pR. 28) 'mUkamATI' ke kathya ko gaNita evaM saMkhyA-zAstra ke mAdhyama se bhI vyakta kiyA gayA hai / kumbhakAra ne kumbha ke karNa-sthAna para 99 aura 9 ina do saMkhyAoM ko aMkita kiyA hai| prathama kSAra-saMsAra kI dyotaka hai aura dvitIya kSIrasAra kii| eka se moha kA vistAra milatA hai, dUsarI se mokSa kA dvAra khulatA hai / 99 ko do Adi saMkhyAoM se guNita karane para bhale hI saMkhyA uttarottara bar3hatI jAe parantu labdha saMkhyA ko paraspara milAne se 9 kI saMkhyA hI zeSa rahatI hai, yathA : "9942%198, 1+9+8-18, 1+8-9 9943-297, 2+9+7=18, 1+8=9 99x4-396, 3+1+6=18, 1+8=9 / " (pR. 166) isI prakAra 9 kI saMkhyA ko do Adi saMkhyA se guNita karane para saMkhyA uttarottara bar3hatI huI bhI paraspara milAne para jyoM kI tyoM 9 kI saMkhyA hI zeSa rahatI hai, yathA :
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________________ 106 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "2x2-18, 1+8=9 94327, 2+7=9 9x436, 3+6=9 / " (pR.167) kumbha ke kaNTha para 63 kI saMkhyA aMkita hai / 63 pratIka hai sajjanatA kA arthAt eka dUsare ke sukha-duHkha meM bhAga lenA / isakA viloma 36 durjanatA kA pratIka hai| saMgIta aura vibhinna vAdyoM se uThanevAlI dhvaniyoM kI jAnakArI AcAryazrI ko hai| mRdaMga hAtha kI gadiyA aura madhyamA ke saMgharSa se bajAyA jAtA hai| usase nikalane vAlI dhvani se mahAkavi ne anAsakti kA bhAva vyaMjita kara diyA "dhAdhina dhindhA "/dhA dhina dhindhA .. vetana-bhinnA cetana-bhinnA, tAtina tina "tA":/tA tina tina' "tA kA tana "cintA, kA tana "cintA ?" (pR. 306) 'sA-re-ga-ma-pa-dha-ni' ke sambandha meM bhI yahI bAta dikhAI detI hai : "sA re ga ma yAnI/sabhI prakAra ke duHkha pa"dha yAnI ! pada-svabhAva/aura/ni yAnI nahIM, duHkha AtmA kA svabhAva-dharma nahIM ho sktaa|" (pR. 305) 'mUkamATI' ke dvitIya khaNDa meM sAhitya meM prayukta vibhinna rasoM kI carcA hai aura mAnava ke lie unakI upayogitA-anupayogitA para vicAra bhI vyakta kie gae haiN| vIra rasa ke sevana se mAnava-rakta meM ubAla AtA hai / jIvana meM udreka-uddaNDatA kA atireka hotA hai : "para para adhikAra calAne kI bhUkha/isI kA pariNAma hai| babUla ke ThUTha kI bhA~ti/mAna kA mUla kar3A hotA hai|" (pR. 131) - vIra rasa kI ha~sI ur3Ate hue hAsya rasa apanI mahattA ghoSita karate hue kahatA hai ki hAsya se manuSya kI umra bar3hatI hai| zilpI ne apanI pratikriyA vyakta karate hue kahA hai : "ha~sana-zIla/prAya: utAvalA hotA hai/kAryAkArya kA viveka gambhIratA dhIratA kahA~ usameM ?/bAlaka-sama bAvalA hotA hai vh|" (pR.133-134) raudra rasa karAla-kAlA, lAla-lAla tez2AbI A~khoM vAlA, lambI phar3akatI khataranAka nAka vAlA hai / zilpI ke dvArA usake sambandha meM TippaNI kI gaI hai : "Amada kama kharcA jyAdA/lakSaNa hai miTa jAne kA kUbata kama gussA jyAdA/lakSaNa hai piTa jAne kaa|" (pR. 135) zRMgAra ke sambandha meM kavi kI ukti hai ki antarAtmA meM nihita zRMgAra hI vAstavika aura upayogI hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 107 kisalaya ke gIta ke mAdhyama se prakRti isI Antarika zRMgAra ke rasa meM chaka kara lIna hai| bIbhatsa rasa to svayaM zRMgAra ko nakAra detA hai / saba rasoM kI mUla jananI prakRti karuNA se yukta hai / vaha sadaiva karuNA kI mahattA udghoSita karatI rahatI : "sadaya bano !/ adaya para dayA karo / abhaya bano ! sabhaya para kiyA karo abhaya kI / amRta-maya vRSTi sadA sadA sadAzaya dRSTi / re jiyA, samaSTi jiyA karo !" (pR. 149 ) : karuNA bhAva aura zAnta rasa kA antara bar3I khUbI ke sAtha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai : "uchalatI huI upayoga kI pariNati vaha / karuNA hai / nahara kI bhA~ti ! aura/ujalI-sI upayoga kI pariNati vaha / zAnta rasa hai / nadI kI bhA~ti ! nahara kheta meM jAtI hai/ dAha ko miTAkara / sUkha pAtI hai, aura nadI sAgara ko jAtI hai/ rAha ko miTAkara / sukha pAtI hai|" (pR. 155 - 156) vAtsalya ko mahAsattA mA~ ke gola-gola kapola tala para udbhUta mAnA gayA hai| prakRti vAtsalya ke dvArA hI sRSTi ko paricAlita karatI hai / zAnta rasa kI paribhASA sarvAdhika saTIka evaM 'mUkamATI' ke mUla pratipAdya se ekadama jur3I huI " saba rasoM kA anta honA hI - / zAnta - rasa hai / / yU~ gunagunAtA rahatA santoM ka anta: prAnta vaha / / dhanya !" (pR. 160 ) .. isa lekha ke kalevara ke vistAra bhaya se hama itanA hI kahakara isa prakaraNa ko samApta kareMge ki isameM mantravidyA, bIjAkSaroM ke camatkAra, Ayurveda ke prayoga tathA vijJAna janya nUtana AviSkAra ityAdi vibhinna kSetroM kI gahana jAnakArI kA paricaya milatA hai| jIvana kI vyApakatA evaM vizAlatA ko sameTane evaM usake z2aqhmoM para marahama rakhane ke lie mahAkavi meM bahujJatA kA honA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki mahAkavi kevala gIti - kAvya nahIM racatA, kevala muktaka nahIM racatA, apitu vaha mAnava mukti ke dhavala mArga ko sUrya razmiyoM jaisI apanI dUradRSTi se Alokita karanA cAhatA hai / 'mUkamATI' kAra isa niSkarSa para khare utarate haiN| 'mUkamATI' kA abhivyakti pakSa sabala hI nahIM, prANavAn hai / bhASA para AcAryazrI kA asAdhAraNa adhikAra hai / ve apanI bAta prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se citropama zailI meM dene kI kalA meM niSNAta haiN| vyutpatti aura viloma ke udAharaNoM meM kavi ke bhASA-kauzala ke dhanI hone kA jIvanta pramANa milatA hai| mATI ko nAyaka banAkara likhI gaI yaha kRti mUka nahIM hai kintu gambhIra aura gahana avazya hai / bhautika rasoM kI khoja meM bhaTakate bhramara-vRtti vAle hRdayoM ko zAyada yaha nIrasa lage / 'mUkamATI' vaha 'pAkeTa buka' nahIM hai jise par3hane ke bAda koI pAkeTa meM rakhanA nahIM cAhatA / yaha vaha kRti - ratna hai jise pUjya mAnakara hRdaya ke samIpa rakhA jAtA hai aura jJAnakoSa ke rUpa meM mArgadarzana hetu sadaiva ulaTA-pulaTA jAtA hai, par3hA jAtA hai, cintana-manana kiyA jAtA hai| vijJAna ke vinAzakArI yuga meM muni vidyAsAgara jaise bhagIratha dvArA lAI gaI 'mUkamATI' jaisI jJAna gaMgA paramAvazyaka hai / isake dvArA bhASA, samAja, deza aura vizva ke vinAza ko rokA jA sakatA hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : Adhunika kAvya jagat kI anupama upalabdhi DaoN. vimaleza kumAra zrIvAstava AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI mahanIya kRti 'mUkamATI' Adhunika hindI mahAkAvyoM kI paramparA meM yugIna apekSAoM ke anurUpa ucca vibhUtiyoM se sampanna eka mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi hai / prAyaH kahA jAtA hai ki koI yadi ucca kavitA karanA cAhatA hai to use ucca viSaya kA cayana karanA cAhie / parantu 'mUkamATI' ko mahAkAvya kA viSaya banAyA jAegA, yaha sAmAnya dhAraNAoM ke pratikUla, kintu yugIna mAnyatAoM ke anukUla hai| 'mUkamATI' kA zIrSaka dekhakara isakI kathA kA anumAna karanA sahaja nahIM hai| Aja kA yuga upekSita manuSyatA ke utthAna kA yuga hai aura 'mATI' ko, vaha bhI 'mUkamATI' ko mahAkAvya kI garimA denA to aura bhI mahanIya hai| AcAryoM ne mahAkAvya kI garimA banAe rakhane ke lie aneka pratimAnoM kI sRSTi kI hai kintu ye pratimAna to lakSya granthoM ke guNoM kA sandhAna karake hI banAe gae haiN| ataH kucha vaise bhI kAvya hote haiM jo pratimAnoM kI siddha paripATI para nahIM calate apitu nae pratimAnoM ke janaka banane kA zreya prApta karate haiN| yadi 'mUkamATI' ko usa koTi meM hI nibaddha kiyA jAya to koI atiraMjanA nahIM hogii| 'aNoraNIyAn mahato mahIyAn' kI taraha sUkSma se sUkSma aura virAT se virAT ko apane meM samAhita karanevAlA yaha grantha Atma tattva kI usI mahat vibhUti se alaMkRta hai / manuSya aura prakRti kA sAhacarya anAdi kAla se calatA AyA hai aura jaba taka donoM haiM taba taka yaha sambandha vicchinna hone kA koI prazna nahIM hai| miTTI to dharAtala hai jisa para manuSya kI sambhAvanAe~, sabhyatAe~ aura jIvana kA vaibhava khar3A hai / usakA astitva miTTI ke sAtha jur3A hai / nisarga kA sArA karma aura vyApAra isI dharA para sampAdita hotA hai| aisI dharatI, jo sabako dhAraNa kara sake, miTTI kA puMja hai| vastuoM ke nAma cAhe jo hoM ve apane mUlarUpa meM miTTI haiM / isa satya kI sataha para khar3e hone vAle mAnava ko prakRti ke sAtha nirantara samparka meM rakhane kA upakrama miTTI kI hai / AkAza ke nIce jo ghaTita hotA hai vaha dharatI se kucha chipA nahIM hai / isa vyApaka tathya kA udghATana karatIM 'mUkamATI' kI ye paMktiyA~ : se " lajjA ke ghU~ghaTa meM/ DUbatI-sI kumudinI / prabhAkara ke kara- chuvana bacanA cAhatI hai vaha;/apanI parAga ko - / sarAga - mudrA kopA~khuriyoM kI oTa detI hai / / lo !* idhara ! / adha- khulI kamalinI DUbate cA~da kI / cA~danI ko bhI nahIM dekhatI / A~kheM khola kara / IrSyA para vijaya prApta karanA / saba ke vaza kI bAta nahIM, aura vaha bhI / strI - paryAya meM - / anahonI sI ghaTanA !" (pR. 2) ... dharatI se AkAza taka kI vyApti ko dharAtala para utArane kA prayAsa karane vAle kavi ko kucha hI paMktiyA~ kahanI par3I haiM kintu, virAT ke sAtha udAtta apanI garimA meM A baiThA hai / khaNDa eka 'saMkara nahIM: varNa - lAbha' ke zIrSaka se ghoSita hai| anamela tattvoM kA upasthApana sAdhanA kI bAdhA hai| jaba taka upAsanA ke kSetra meM sAdhu apane prayatna se cora ko sAdhu kI mudrA meM nahIM lA detA hai, use atyanta sAvadhAnI rakhanI par3atI hai| yadyapi isameM sambhAvanAe~ atyanta prabala haiM ki sAdhu kI saMgati se cora sAdhutva yadi prApta nahIM bhI kare, sAdhutva ke samIpa to A hI jAtA hai / kintu kabhI-kabhI aisA bhI dekhA jAtA hai ki sAdhutva kI komala kharAda para durjana kA bhotharA loha zANita nahIM hotA / aisI avasthA meM zANa ke bigar3ane kA bhaya rahatA hai / ata: aisI anamela sthiti se chuTakArA hI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 109 sAdhutva kI rAha meM mArgadarzaka hai| kaMkaroM se yukta miTTI ghar3e ke nirmANa kI yogyatA to rakhatI hI nahIM, phira bhI, kabhI mahIna hokara yadi vaha ghar3e kI dIvAroM meM sthAna pA bhI gaI to tapasyA kI A~ca meM tapane kI zakti nahIM rahane ke kAraNa vaha avA~ meM pakane ke samaya ghar3e kA hI vyaktitva bigAr3a dene kA upakrama karatI hai| isIlie apekSA isa bAta kI hai ki vyaktitva ke virodhI tattvoM se chuTakArA pAyA jAya : "tuma meM kahA~ hai vaha/jala-dhAraNa karane kI kSamatA ?/jalAzaya meM raha kara bhI yugoM-yugoM taka/nahIM bana sakate/jalAzaya tuma !/maiM tumheM hRdaya-zUnya to nahIM kahU~gA/parantu/pASANa -hRdaya avazya hai tumhArA, dUsaroM kA duHkha-darda/dekhakara bhI /nahIM A sakatA kabhI jise pasInA/hai aisA tumhArA/ sInA !" (pR. 50) zilpI kA kauzala bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| isI kauzala ke kAraNa miTTI ke vijAtIya tattvoM kA patA lagatA hai| jo ghaTa nirmANa ke ayogya haiM, ve miTTI meM mile hue hokara bhI miTTI kI mahattA prApta nahIM kara sakate / ata: unase saMkaradoSa kA prakSAlana Avazyaka hai / isa saMkara-doSa se ubaranA siddhi kA sopAna hai, varNa kA lAbha - prApti hai| ___ anveSaNa kA mahattva nirvikalpa rUpa se hai / anveSaNakartA kisI-na-kisI rAha se calakara rAhI kI saMjJA avazya prApta karatA hai aura 'rAhI' meM sAdhanA kI jo lau pradIpta hai, use viloma rUpa se eka dina hIrA' avazya banA degii| yaha rAha kI sAdhanA, sAdhanA meM Ae kaSTa kA sahanA hI hai jo atyanta zyAmavarNa kAle patthara ko vicchittiyoM se bharA AkarSaka, lubhAvana, mahArgha hIrA banA detA hai / miTTI ne bhI kaMkaroM se yahI kahA hai : "saMyama kI rAha calo/rAhI bananA hI to/hIrA bananA hai, svayaM rAhI zabda hI/viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai -/rA"ho"hI"rA aura/itanA kaThora bananA hogA/ki /tana aura mana ko/tapa kI Aga meM tapA-tapA kara/jalA-jalA kara/rAkha karanA hogA/yatanA ghora karanA hogA tabhI kahIM cetana-AtmA/kharA utregaa|" (pR. 56-57) ghaTa ke bhItara yogoM kI khoja karanevAlI kavi-dRSTi asIma samajhe jAne vAle tattvoM ko sasIma banA detI hai| jo kAla kA caraNa-nikSepa hai vaha ghaTa ke bhItara manthana ke rUpa meM satata calatA rahatA hai / isa dRSTi-bheda ke phalaka para, vicAra ke isa kagAra para yugoM kA yoga vANI aura Antarika cintana se mila jAtA hai : "sat-yuga ho yA kaliyuga/bAharI nahIM/bhItarI ghaTanA hai vaha sat kI khoja meM lagI dRSTi hI/sat-yuga hai, beTA !/aura asat-viSayoM meM DUbI/A-pAda-kaNTha/sat ko asat mAnane vAlI dRSTi svayaM kaliyuga hai beTA!" (pR. 83) mahAkAvya kA dUsarA khaNDa 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' nirmANa kI dUsarI prakriyA se prArambha hotA hai| mAtrAnukUlatA aura AnupAtika yoga hI jIvana kI sAdhanA ko gantavya taka le jAte haiN| kumbhakAra aura miTTI kI vArtA meM jisa sahajatA se prakRti aura puruSa kA sambandha ujAgara kiyA gayA hai, vaha mahAkAvya meM vyApta usa dRSTi kA paricAyaka hai jisameM atyanta paTutA ke sAtha laghutA se mahat kI niSpatti kA Ayojana
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________________ 110 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA hai| kumbhakAra miTTI ko uttara detA hai : "svabhAva se hI/prema hai hamArA/aura/svabhAva meM hI/kSema hai hmaaraa| puruSa prakRti se/yadi dUra hogA/nizcita hI vaha/vikRti kA pUra hogA puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI/mokSa hai, sAra hai|" (pR. 93) asAvadhAna jIva apane patana kA mArga svayaM banAtA hai, kSata hone kI sArI bAdhAoM ko mAno svayaM AmantraNa detA hai / jaba svayaM kA yaha aparAdha svIkRti kI zANa para car3hatA hai to AtmA kI vikAsa yAtrA prArambha hotI hai| miTTI banAne kI prakriyA meM kumbhakAra kI kudAlI eka kA~Te ke mAthe para jA lagatI hai aura usake mAthe se raktadhArA nikala par3atI hai / kA~TA laghu cetana prANI kA pratIka banakara badale kI prabala bhAvanA meM lipta hotA hai / isa prasaMga para kavi ne kaI dRSTAntoM ke mAdhyama se badale kI bhAvanA ko vaha pracaNDa anala batalAne kA upakrama kiyA hai jisameM kAyA hI nahIM, prANa tattva taka jhulasane lagate haiN| isI avasara para purAvRtta kA sahArA lete hue kavi ne bAlI aura dazAnana ke mAdhyama se badale kI bhAvanA ko adhama batalAyA hai| isI krama meM bhAratIya saMskRti aura pAzcAtya sabhyatA kA tAttvika antara batalAte hue kavi ne phUloM kA Izvara ke caraNoM meM car3hane kA rahasya udghATita kiyA hai : "pazcimI sabhyatA/AkramaNa kI niSedhikA nahIM hai/apitu ! AkramaNa-zIlA garIyasI hai/jisakI A~khoM meM/vinAza kI lIlA vibhISikA ghUratI rahatI hai sadA sadoditA/aura/mahAmanA jisa ora abhiniSkramaNa kara gaye/saba kucha taja kara, vana gaye nagna, apane meM magna bana gaye/usI ora" unhIM kI anukrama-nirdezikA bhAratIya saMskRti hai/sukha-zAnti kI pravezikA hai| zUloM kI arcA hotI hai,/isalie/ phUloM kI carcA hotI hai| phUla arcanA kI sAmagrI avazya haiM/Iza ke caraNoM meM samarpita hote vaha parantu/phUloM ko chUte nahIM bhagavAn/zUla-dhArI hokara bhii| kAma ko jalAyA hai prabhu ne/tabhI "to"/zaraNa-hIna hue phUla zaraNa kI Asa le/prabhu-caraNoM meM Ate vh|" (pR. 102-103) dUsare khaNDa meM hI zabda-bodha aura zodha kI saritA meM pAThakoM ko santaraNa karAtA huA kavi racanA-prakriyA para bhI apane vicAra prakaTa kara detA hai / racanA atIta kA punaravalokana aura sRSTi kI punassRSTi hai / isa krama meM nirapekSatA kA jitanI dUra taka nirvAha kiyA jAya, racanA utanI hI mahanIya hotI hai / bhoktA aura sraSTA kA yaha antarAla kRti ko adhika vizvasanIyatA aura dIrghajIvana pradAna karatA hai / kavi kA kathana hai : "pravacana-kAla meM pravacanakAra,/lekhana-kAla meM lekhaka donoM lauTa jAte haiM atIta meN|/us samaya pratIti meM na rasa rahatA hai/na hI nIrasatA kI bAta, kevala korA TakarAva rahatA hai/lagAva rahita atIta se, basa!" (pR. 113)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 111 sRSTi kI punassRSTi meM jina tattvoM se nirantara saMgharSa hotA hai, usa saMgharSa kI prakRti kA parIkSaNa sraSTA ke atirikta kauna kara sakatA hai ? isa prasaMga meM yaha bhI dhyAtavya hai ki racanA kisI ekala sambhUti kI samagratA kA punaH darzana nahIM hai, vaha sambhUti ke samAhAra se zreSThatA kA cayana hai / isa krama meM kavi-lekhaka ko sambhUti ke mAdhyama se asambhUtiyoM ke prAdarza kI kalpaka bhAvanA karanI par3atI hai aura isa bhAva yAtrA kI bhayAnaka-manorama ghATiyoM kA roSatoSa chanakara rUpAkAra grahaNa karatA hai| dvitIya khaNDa meM hI rasoM kA pakva vizleSaNa zramaNadRSTi kA paricAyaka hai| isase yaha kahane meM koI saMkoca nahIM ki kavi ne kathAhInatA ko kathAtmaka kalevara pradAna kara avasaroM kA pUrA upayoga kiyA hai aura apanI yugAnukUla vikRtiyoM ke nirAkaraNa kA zramasAdhya zramaNa-prayAsa kiyA hai| hAsya se zRMgAra taka kA nivAraNa aura zAnta kI zAzvata pratiSThA kA prayAsa madhyakAlIna mahAkAvyAtmaka niSpattiyoM ke paripArzva meM utkIrNa hone para bhI mahAgha hai, kyoMki mahat kA puna:-punaH udghATana prAdarza kI sthiti rakSA ke lie apekSita hI nahIM, Avazyaka hai / Adhunika manuSya kI vikalatA ke aneka kAraNoM meM eka spaSTa kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki usane artha ko hI kAmya banA DAlA hai| Adhunika mAnava rUpI zabda ne upasarga aura pratyaya kA tyAgakara saMsAra-mahAkAvya meM apane ko adhama artha taka hI sImita kara liyA hai, phalata: usakA santulana bigar3a gayA hai| dharma ko usane sampradAya kI saMjJA de DAlI hai aura mokSa kA carma cakSuoM se darzana sambhava nahIM, isalie kAma aura artha kI nimnagA meM bhayAnaka nakroM kI mu~dI A~khoM ke samakSa vaha apanI samajha se raMgAraMga Ayojana karatA to avazya hai kintu nakroM kI yaha A~kha kaba taka mu~dI raha sakatI hai ? paramANuoM kA yaha vikaTa saMyoga kaba taka use surakSita rakha sakatA hai ? bhAratIya saMskRti ne jina AzramoM kI parikalpanA ko yathArtha ke dharAtala para utAra kara kAyA aura mAyA kA jo AnupAtika vidhAna kiyA thA, vaha manuSyatA kI uccabhUmi thii| dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa kA yaha AnupAtika vicalana Adhunika manuSya ke jJAna-garva kI khokhalI pratiSThA kA paricAyaka hai| kAla garur3a kI yaha yAtrA mAnoM paMkhavihIna hai / dharma aura mokSa ke upasarga-pratyaya se vihIna Adhunika manuSya kAlapravAha meM usI taraha par3A huA hai jaise koI pakSI pakSavihIna hone para bhI AkAzagamana kA dambha bharatA ho / artha kI isa bhayAnaka Asakti, kintu niruddezyatA para kavi kA AkSepa kitanA prAsaMgika hai : "tulA kabhI tulatI nahIM hai/so atulanIya rahI hai/paramArtha tulatA nahIM kabhI artha kI tulA meM/artha ko tulA banAnA/arthazAstra kA artha hI nahIM jAnanA hai aura/sabhI anarthoM ke garta meM/yuga ko DhakelanA hai| arthazAstrI ko kyA jJAta hai yaha artha ?" (pR. 142) tapasyA ke utkarSa para kAyA ke prati moha kI upekSA kara manuSya ne ahiMsA ko prahAra kI sImA se Age bar3hAkara vAksaMyama ke kSetra meM jisa bhI' kA sandhAna kiyA, vaha AtmasattA aura parasattA kA sArthavAha hai / hama bhI haiM, tuma bhI ho, tumhArA vicAra tumhAre dRSTikoNa se acchA ho sakatA hai, kintu merA mana yaha svIkAra karatA hai| ata: vyartha kA vivAda kyoM ? vAk-saMyama kA yaha anekAnta darzana manuSya kI sAMskRtika utkRSTatA kA adbhuta nidarzana hai| parantu saMsAra meM bhI' kA bhISaNa akAla hai aura 'hI' kA vipula sAmrAjya hai / 'hI' ekAMgI dRSTi hai, ekAtma kI ahaMkAra-sUcaka dhvani / dambha kI isa vikRti ne manuSyatA ko bhayAnaka daladala meM dAba rakhA hai| kumbha ke mukha para 'hI' aura 'bhI' ke bIjAkSaroM kA udaya karAkara kavi ne akSara-sAdhanA kI prapatti dvArA bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya saMskRtiyoM kA vibheda-sthApana karate hue rAma aura rAvaNa kI vijaya-parAjaya kA rahasya kholanA cAhA hai :
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________________ 112 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA " 'hI' dekhatA hai hIna dRSTi se para ko 'bhI' dekhatA hai samIcIna dRSTi se saba ko, 'hI' vastu kI zakla ko hI pakar3atA hai 'bhI' vastu ke bhItarI-bhAga ko bhI chUtA hai, 'hI' pazcimI-sabhyatA hai/'bhI' hai bhAratIya saMskRti, bhaagy-vidhaataa| rAvaNa thA 'hI' kA upAsaka/rAma ke bhItara 'bhI' baiThA thaa| yahI kAraNa ki/rAma upAsya hue, haiM, raheMge Age bhii|" (pR. 173) itanA hI nahIM, isa para bodha' ko lokatantra kI rIr3ha batAkara kavi ne prAcInatA ko navInatA ke paripArzva meM rakhakara AdhunikatA kI apanI vyAkhyA kI hai aura lokatantra ko tantroM meM vareNya batalAyA hai : "loka meM lokatantra kA nIDa/taba taka surakSita rahegA jaba taka 'bhI' zvAsa letA rhegaa|/'bhii' se svacchandatA-madAndhatA miTatI hai svatantratA ke svapna sAkAra hote haiM,/sadvicAra sadAcAra ke bIja 'bhI' meM haiM, 'hI' meM nhiiN|" (pR. 173) tRtIya khaNDa 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' hai jisameM puNya ke dharAtala para upajane vAlI zreyaskara upalabdhi kA varNana hai / isa khaNDa meM strI ke paryAya kA kavi-nirukta navInatA kI sammohaka vyAkhyA meM saceSTa dikhAI par3atA hai / nArI, mahilA, abalA, kumArI, strI, sutA, duhitA, mAtA kA nirukta dekhane lAyaka hai| isameM strI' kA vivecana yoM hai : " "s' yAnI sama-zIla saMyama/'trI' yAnI tIna artha haiM dharma, artha, kAma-puruSArthoM meM/puruSa ko kuzala-saMyata banAtI hai so 'strI' kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 205) aura 'sutA' zabda kI vyAkhyA : "o, sukha cAhanevAlo ! suno,/'sutA' zabda svayaM sunA rahA hai : 'su' yAnI suhAvanI acchAiyA~/aura/'tA' pratyaya vaha bhAva-dharma, sAra ke artha meM hotA hai/yAnI,/sukha-suvidhAoM kA srota so 'sutA' kahalAtI hai/yaha kahatI haiM zruta-sUktiyA~ !" (pR. 205) sAdhanA kI siddhi para megha se muktAoM kI varSA hotI hai| rAjA ke anucara use boriyoM meM bharane kA upakrama karate haiM kintu, AkAza meM dhvani gUMjatI hai : 'anartha pApa / ' antata: kumbhakAra hI muktAoM ko rAjA ke pAsa jamA karA detA hai| kathA ke isa aMza para pratIkAtmakatA kA sandhAna ucita hI hai / pAtratA to honI hI caahie| jo apAtra haiM, unheM siddhiyoM kI prApti nahIM hotii| muktAoM kI varSA kA sambandha mana kI unmuktatA se bhI hai / bandhanavihIna sthiti ke lie hI to tapa kA vidhAna hai / ata: isa muktatA para dUsare kA adhikAra kaisA ? phira bhI, mukta to kAmanArahita hai, ata: muktAoM kI ujjvalatA use bA~dha nahIM pAtI / isalie vaha una muktAoM para apanA adhikAra bhI nahIM smjhtaa| isI vaz2ana para rAjA ke pAsa muktAoM kA sammucaya jamA karA diyA jAtA hai /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 113 caturtha khaNDa meM AhAra dAna kI prakriyA se sambaddha anekAneka pakSa sthAna pA gae haiN| AhAra dAna kI prasannatA, sAdhu kI dRSTi aura dharmopadeza Adi kA varNana hai| miTTI ke ghar3e kI isa mahattA para svarNa kalaza vikSubdha hokara AtaMkavAda AtA hai| gRhastha ke ghara para usakA AkramaNa to hotA hai kintu gRhastha kI sAdhutA kI A~ca ke samakSa AtaMka kA svarNa rUpa badala jAtA hai, usakA hRdaya parivartana ho jAtA hai| kAza ! Aja yadi AtaMka kA rAjanaitika AveSTana apane hRdaya kI vizAlatA kA paricaya detA / AdhunikatA kI navya nabz2a pahacAnakara siddha kavi ne sAmAjika visaMgati kA kAraNa DhU~r3hate hue jisa hRdaya parivartana kA sandeza diyA hai, paramparAgata hokara bhI dUsare samAdhAna ke abhAva meM yaha apekSita hai| isa kAvya kA kathA-pakSa virala hokara bhI jaise audAtya se saprANa hai, usI prakAra zabda - sAdhanA bhI aneka naI siddhiyoM se zobhita hai / zabdoM ke khaNDa-dhAtuoM se jina mANikya mAlAoM ko camakAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, vaha aba taka ke sAhitya meM virala hI hai| sAdhu lekhanI pravacana ke patha para kAvya kI hariyAlI kA sAkSAtkAra karAtI hai| isa vivecita tathya ke AdhAra para yaha kahane meM saMkoca nahIM hai ki 'mUkamATI' Adhunika kAvya jagat kI eka anupama upalabdhi hai| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara ke tapaHpUta vyaktitva ne kAvya kI yAtrA meM kucha aise par3Ava sthaloM kA nirmANa kiyA hai, jahA~ buddhi thor3I dera virAma pAtI hai aura hRdaya apane lie kucha pAkara prasanna hotA hai / merA dRr3ha vizvAsa hai ki isa mahAkAvya ke dvArA hindI meM vicAra kAvya kI usa paramparA ko bala milA hai jo zrI sumitrAnandana panta ke uttaravartI kAvya meM pAI jAtI hai / uttama kAvya praNayana ke lie AcAryazrI ko merI praNati / pRSTha 333-334 parAga-pyAsA bhramara- dala vaha bhrAmarI-vRtti kahI jAtI santoM kI !
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________________ naI zailI aura nae bhAvabodha kA mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' devarSi kalAnAtha zAstrI muni zrI AcArya vidyAsAgara viracita 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya hindI meM una ine-gine mahAkAvyoM kI paramparA meM eka bahuta mahattvapUrNa kar3I jor3atA hai jo isa yuga meM naI zailI aura nae bhAva bodha ke sAtha likhe jA rahe haiN| mukta zailI meM likhA huA yaha mahAkAvya racayitA ke gahana cintana aura jIvana ke prati dArzanika antardRSTi kA paricAyaka hai| vibhinna viSayoM para kavi kI bhAvanAoM kA mukta cintana ke rUpa meM gumphana karane vAlA yaha mahAkAvya yadyapi cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hai tathApi kisI kathA sUtra ke bandhana meM ba~dhA huA nahIM hai / mUkamATI ko pratIka banAkara kavi ne vibhinna bhAvanAoM ko bar3I saTIka abhivyakti dI hai| dharatI ko mAtA aura mATI ko beTI mAnane kA pratIka vedakAla se calA A rahA hai| prakRti aura puruSa kA yugma bhI prAcIna pratIka hai| kumbhakAra ko nirmAtA ke rUpa meM dekhanA bhI bhAratIya saMskRti kI paramparA meM hai| isa paramparA ko anUThe DhaMga se abhivyakta karate hue kavi ne mATI aura kumbhakAra para jo prasaMga die haiM ve bahuta saTIka bana par3e haiN| mATI kI hRdaya pIr3A jahA~ gadhe kI pITha para ubhare ghAvoM ko dekhakara abhivyakta hotI hai, vaha bhI anUThI abhivyakti hai : "isa chilana meM/isa jalana meM/nimitta kAraNa 'maiM hI huuN|" (pR. 36) kavi ne na kevala saMskRta kI sUktiyoM ko ucita sthAna para uddhRta kiyA hai balki loka mAnyatAoM aura kahAvatoM ko bhI sahI DhaMga se prayukta kiyA hai / hIrA, rAkha jaise vibhinna pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se mATI ke na jAne kitane vivoM se brahmANDa bharA huA hai, kintu hama una para kabhI nahIM socte| kavi ne bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke mAdhyamoM se cintana kiyA hai / kabhI varNamAlA ke mAdhyama se, kabhI 'bhU-sattAyAm' jaisI dhAtuoM ke mAdhyama se, kabhI dArzanika siddhAntoM ke mAdhyama se aura kabhI sIdhe-sIdhe manastAttvika cintana saraNi ke mAdhyama se komala, gahana, gUr3ha aura udAtta bhAvanAoM-- ko svara die haiN| Adhunika pAThakoM ko isameM paryAvaraNa kA sandeza bhI milegA, dArzanikoM ko saMsAra ke bAre meM antardRSTi milegI tathA kAvya rasikoM ko prAMjala bhASA meM ujjvala abhivyakti milegii| hindI jagat ko yaha kAvya dene ke lie AcArya vidyAsAgarajI vandana ke adhikArI haiN| pRSTha ho. bhUta ko prasUta kI ..... pratI mA~ kI A~khoM meM/zetI uralagA,
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : : eka santakavi kI anUThI kAvya-yAtrA pro. (DaoN.) devavrata jozI hindI sAhitya kabIra, sUra, tulasI, mIrA, dAdU, nAnaka Adi kI mahattvapUrNa kAvya racanAoM se samRddha huA hai / jAta-pA~ta ina santakaviyoM ne kabhI nahIM svIkArI aura "hari ko bhajai so hari kA hoI" inakA ghoSita vAkya rhaa| kavitA aura adhyAtma kA saMgama hindI ke prAcIna kAvya kA adbhuta guNa rhaa| dhIre-dhIre rItikAlIna 'nakhazikhavAda' aura phira chAyAvAda - jAtivAda - prayogavAda taka to adhyAtma - vyAvahArika adhyAtma- yU~ kaheM lokamaMgala se sampRkta vANI ke abhAva meM hindI kavitA cAhe kitanI hI zabdArtha sampannatA ko prApta ho gaI ho, paurANika sandarbhoM meM vartamAna ko dekhane tathA bhaviSya ko nirdhArita kara sakane kI kSamatA usameM nahIM rahI / yadyapi nirAlA kI 'tulasIdAsa' (khaNDa kAvya ) aura 'rAma kI zakti - pUjA, dharmavIra bhAratI kA 'andhAyuga, nareza mehatA kI kAvyakRti 'saMzaya kI eka rAta' Adi racanAoM meM aitihAsika aura mAyathAlaoNjikala (Mythological) toM kI pracuratA hai, kintu zrI aravinda kI 'sAvitrI, mAikela madhusUdana datta kI 'meghanAda vadha' jaisI kAlajayI kRtiyoM kA hindI, bhAratIya bhASAoM meM abhAva hI rahA / yaha Azcaryajanaka aura sAtha hI vismayakAraka satya hai ki Aja ke vizRMkhalita mAnava mUlyoM vAle samAja meM, jahA~ hiMsA, mArakATa, balAtkAra, Agaz2anI aura paraspara avizvAsa kA bolabAlA hai, eka jaina santa ne 'mUkamATI' kAvya kI racanA karake hameM sukhada parivartana kA saMketa diyA hai / vAstava meM 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA sRjana Adhunika bhAratIya sAhitya kI ullekhanIya upalabdhi hai / mahAkAvya yaha nizcita hI eka mahAkAvya hai| prAkRtika paridRzya, svAbhAvika rUpa se Ae alaMkAra aura bimba-pratIkayojanA, virAT kalpanA, lagabhaga nAyaka-nAyikAhIna isa mahAkAvya meM jo kalpanAzIlatA aura udAtta bhAva antarnihita haiM, ve eka zreSTha kAvya kI koTi meM ise rakhate haiN| mahAkAvya kI rUda, pAribhASika paramparAoM ko nakAratI aura dhvasta karatI 'mUkamATI' apane lie mAnoM svayaM hI nae pratimAna nirmita karatI hai / yoM, kAvya ke nAyaka 'guru' haiM, kintu svayaM guru ke lie antima nAyaka haiM arihanta deva / mATI ko nae rUpa, nae paridRzya meM prastuta karane kI maulikatA 'mUkamATI' ko santakavi ne cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai - khaNDa 1. 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha; khaNDa 2. 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM ;' khaNDa 3. 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana; ' khaNDa 4. 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha / ' vastuta: miTTI kI mahimA to adhikAMza kavi, lekhakoM-racanAkAroM ne gAI hai, to phira AcArya vidyAsAgara ne aise piTe-piTAe viSaya para khaNDakAvya yA mahAkAvya kI racanA kyoM kI ? yaha prazna mujhase kaiyoM ne pUchA / prazna tIkhA hai kintu vicArapUrvaka soceM to kavi kA abhipreta mAtra mATI kI mahimA kA varNana karanA hI nahIM hai| miTTI mUka hai, ataH usakI antarvedanA bhI mArmika hai| dUsarA kAraNa, jaina darzana kA anusaraNa / anukaraNa karate hue bhI kavi kA cintana sArvabhauma, sArvakAlika aura 'sarve bhavantu sukhina:' kI abhIpsA se pUrita hai / aba taka hindI AlocakoM kI dRSTi yA to zuddha hinduvAdI rahI hai yA tathAkathita vAmapaMthI aura pragatizIla /
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________________ 116 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA jaina paramparA ke kaviyoM / AcAryoM ne rAmAyaNa yA mahAbhArata kI viSaya-vastu para racanA kI hai para ve amUlyAMkita, avahelita aura upekSita hI rahe haiN| yaha hindI AlocanA kA durbhAgyapUrNa ekAntavAda hai / prastuta kRti kI maiM rUda, prAdhyApakIya rIti se samIkSA nahIM kara rahA hU~, na jaina racanAkAroM ke prati atirikta Adara vyakta karake unheM tulasI, kabIra se zreSTha ThaharAnA merA uddezya hai / merA mantavya yaha hai ki 'mUkamATI' jaisI alaukika, kAlajayI kavitA mUlyAMkana ke abhAva meM kAla - sAgara meM vilupta na ho jAya, kyoMki hinduvAda yA chadma pragatizIlatA donoM hI kAvyAlocana ke sahI pratimAna nahIM bana sakate / sAhitya ' sahita ' kI bhAvanA se anuprANita hotA hai| AcArya vidyAsAgara ke kAvya meM ghoSita rUpa se kahIM bhI isa 'sahita' yA 'lokamaMgala' ko nArA banAkara nahIM uchAlA hai / ve mUlataH antarmukhI kavi haiM, kintu unakA kAvya 'antarmukha' se udbhUta vyApaka sRSTi meM vyApta moha, avasAda, lobha, AtaMka Adi ko samApta karake vyakti ke sudhAra ko mahattva dekara samAja meM krAnti lAnA cAhatA hai| mATI, kumbha, kumbhakAra Adi pratIka rUpa meM hI haiN| yaha pratIkAtmakatA hI ise kAvya banAtI hai / yahA~ hameM isa bAta se koI lenA-denA nahIM hai ki "jaina darzana, nAstika darzanoM ko sahI dizA - bodha dene vAlA eka Astika-darzana hai|" yadyapi yaha kathana sau pratizata satya hai / kintu 'mUkamATI' kI samIkSA cU~ki maiM svatantra buddhi se kara rahA hU~, ata: merA mantavya yahA~ eka zreSTha kAvya ke guNoM / sImAoM ko ujAgara karanA hI hai / 'sAvitrI' mahAkAvya kI taraha hI 'mUkamATI' meM koI Thosa kathA - AdhAra khojanA laharoM para tairane ke samAna hogA / hama yahA~ 'mUkamATI' ke cAra khaNDoM meM vyApta kavitA-sUtroM ko pakar3a kara, unakI guNavattA para vicAra kreNge| kyoMki kavitA sirpha kavitA hotI hai aura saccI kavitA sIdhe hRdaya Andolita karatI hai, tathA vicAra karane ke lie hameM vivaza karatI hai| nimna kavitA paMktiyA~ vizuddha kAvya haiN| : 0 O 0 " saritA - taTa kI mATI / apanA hRdaya kholatI hai mA~ dharatI ke sammukha !" (pR. 4) "tuma svarNa ho / ubalate ho jhaTa se / mATI svarNa nahIM hai para / svarNa ko ugalatI avazya, / tuma mATI ke ugAla ho !/ Aja taka, na sunA, na dekhA / aura na hI par3hA, ki / svarNa meM boyA gayA bIja aMkurita hokara / phUlA - phalA, lahalahAyA ho / paudhA banakara / " (pR. 364-365) "kAThiyAvAr3a ke yuvA ghor3oM kI pU~cha - sI / Upara kI ora uThI mAnAtireka se tanI / jinakI kAlI kAlI mU~cheM haiM / " (pR. 428) * jisa taraha "eka akhaNDa jJAna sItAvara" (tulasI) aura "terI A~khoM ke sivA duniyA meM rakkhA kyA hai" (phaiz2a) "hama hue, tuma hue ki mIra hue" (mIra) jaisI kAvya paMktiyA~ atyanta sahaja, sIdhI, sArthaka haiM aura jJAnADambara aura alaMkAroM ke binA bhI apanA samyak prabhAva chor3ane meM kAmayAba hotI haiM usI taraha AcArya vidyAsAgara kI 'mUkamATI' meM kaI aisI paMktiyA~ haiM, jo kavi ko sirpha kavi pramANita karatI haiM-na muni, na santa, na AcArya / yahI vaha U~cAI hai, kavi kI U~cAI, jahA~ se saMsAra, sampradAya, dharma, rAjanIti, mahattvAkAMkSAe~ - saba baunI dikhAI detI haiM / mAnA ki kavi upadezaka nahIM hotA, kintu vaha korA draSTA, sraSTA yA pravaktA mAtra bhI nahIM hotaa| vaha apanI phakkar3a, mastIbharI dhuna meM Intution (svayaMprajJA) ke AdhAra para jo kucha likha jAtA hai, vaha nirjhara se jharatI huI dharA ke
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 117 samAna praphulla, prasanna kAvya banakara loka meM rasa kI taraMgeM bahA detI haiN| "saMhAra kI bAta mata karo,/saMgharSa karate jAo! hAra kI bAta mata karo,/utkarSa karate jaao|" (pR. 432) yaha paMkti itivRttAtmaka hai, upadezAtmaka hai, ata: kavitA kI zreNI meM nahIM AtI kintu kAvya-paMkti kahalAne kA zreya isa taraha kI abhivyaktiyoM ko to hai hI : "Aga kI nadI ko bhI pAra karanA hai tumheM,/vaha bhI binA naukA!/hA~ ! hA~ !! apane hI bAhuoM se taira kara,/tIra milatA nahIM binA taire|" (pR. 267 ) yahA~ upadeza kI chAyA z2arUra hai, lekina yaha satya hai ki kavitA yA to carama mithyA (kalpanA) hai yA carama yathArtha kI abhivyakti / isalie "tIra milatA nahIM binA taire" jaisI sapATa dikhane vAlI kAvyapaMkti bhI phaiz2a ahamada phaiz2a kI prasiddha kAvya-paMkti "terI A~khoM ke sivA duniyA meM rakkhA kyA hai !" ke sahajapana kI Takkara lene kI kSamatA rakhatI hai| mUkamATI kI prAsaMgikatA kisI bhI lekhana kI prAsaMgikatA kyA hai ? tulasI, premacanda, ravIndranAtha kA lekhana deza aura kAla ko atikramita karatA hai, kintu vaha tatkAla yathArtha aura tatkAlIna samAja kI saMskRti, rAjanItika paridRzya kI upaja hI to hai / isI sandarbha meM 'mUkamATI' meM vyakta kavi kI prAsaMgika dRSTi yA darzana para vicAra karanA tarkasaMgata aura samIcIna hogaa| ___Aja AtaMkavAda kI lapaTeM deza-videza meM uTha rahI haiN| yaha sarvagrAsI, mAnava-mUlya-hantA AtaMkavAda sabake manoM meM bhaya, avizvAsa aura sandeha tathA jIvana aura jagat ke prati vitRSNA kA bhAva utpanna kara rahA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM Aja kA yaha kaThora yathArtha aura usake ucchedana kA svara hameM prApta hai : "kumbha kA kahanA huA :/nhiiN"nhiiN"nhiiN...| lauTanA nahIM !/abhI nahIM kabhI bhI nahIM" /kyoMki abhI AtaMkavAda gayA nahIM,/usase saMgharSa karanA hai abhii|" (pR. 441) aura isalie : "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda/zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI dharatI yaha,/ye A~kheM aba/AtaMkavAda ko dekha nahIM sakatI, ye kAna aba/AtaMka kA nAma suna nahIM sakate, vaha jIvana bhI kRta-saMkalpita hai ki/usakA rahe yA isakA yahA~ astitva eka kA rhegaa|" (pR.441) AtaMkavAda ke khilApha kavi kA yaha jijIviSApUrNa, saMkalpa-sAhasa-bharA vaktavya sirpha vaktavya nahIM hai / jalatI huI dharatI para isa taraha eka anAsakta, vItarAga santakavi ke aise kavitA-vAkya nizcaya hI AtaMkavAda, kAyaratAvAda aura alagAvavAda ke viruddha yuddhaghoSa hI haiM-sArthaka aura samaya kI pukAra ke uttara svruup| svarNa kalaza aura miTTI ke kumbha kI tulanA dilacaspa hai aura antataH miTTI kA kumbha hI jIvana ke adhika
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________________ 118 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA nikaTa, adhika upAdeya hai / svarNa kalaza ko sambodhita kavi kA kathana kitanA saTIka hai : "paratantra jIvana kI AdhArazilA ho tuma,/pU~jIvAda ke abhedya durgama kilA ho tuma/aura/azAnti ke antahIna silasilA ! he svarNa-kalaza !/eka bAra to merA kahanA mAno, kRtajJa bano isa jIvana meM,/mA~ mATI ko amApa mAna do!" (pR. 366) eka sanAtana zraddhA aura azraddhA ke pAtra 'Izvara'(parama puruSa) ke sambandha meM kavi kA apanA maulika vicAra, maulika dRSTi hai jo Andolita karatI hai, jise hama anasunA nahIM kara sakate, cAhe usa sthApanA' se hama sahamata bhale hI na hoM : "puruSa aura prakRti ke saMgharSa se/khara-nazvara prakRti ke saMgharSa se/ubharate haiM svara ! para, parama puruSa se nhiiN|/duHsvr ho yA susvara/sAre svara nazvara haiN| bhale hI avinazvara hoM/Izvara paramezvara ye parantu,/unake svara to nazvara hI haiM !" (pR. 143) sAtha hI kavi kA mAnasika antardvandva ina zabdoM meM bhI prakaTa hotA hai : "bilakhatI isa lekhanI ko/vizva lakhatA to hai ise bharasaka parakhatA bhI hai/Izvara para vizvAsa bhI rakhatA hai aura/Izvara kA isa para gaharA asara bhI hai| para, itanI hI kasara hai ki/vaha asara sara taka hI rahA hai, anyathA/sara ke bala para kyoM cala rahA hai,/Aja kA mAnava ?" (pR. 151) ___kyA ina paMktiyoM meM mahAkavi akabara ilAhAbAdI kA apratyakSa yA pracchanna prabhAva nahIM hai / akabara kahate "izka ko dila meM jagaha de akabara ilma se zAyarI nahIM aatii|" 'izka' se unakA tAtparya nizcaya hI Izvara ke paryAya se hai| ____ yaha kavivara vidyAsAgarajI kA antardvandva hI hai jo eka ora to parama puruSa yA paramezvara ke svara ko nazvara samajhatA hai, dUsarI ora "kasara yaha hai ki (usakA) asara sara taka hI rahA hai" (yAnI dila taka Izvara kA prabhAva apekSita hai / astu) prakRti, paramezvara kI pahelI ko chor3akara kavi ke anya kathya kI ora dRSTipAta bhI kara leM : "sIpa svayaM dharatI kA aMza hai|/svyN dharatI ne sIpa ko prazikSita kara sAgara meM preSita kiyA hai |/jl ko jar3atva se mukta kara/muktA-phala banAnA, patana ke garta se nikAla kara/uttuMga-utthAna para dharanA, ghRti-dhAriNI dharA kA dhyeya hai|" (pR. 193)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 119 unakI kucha kAvya paMktiyA~ to sUktiyoM kI taraha haiM : ____ "yaha kaTu-satya hai ki/artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sktiiN|" (pR. 192) 0 "niyama-saMyama ke sammukha/asaMyama hI nahIM, yama bhI apane ghuTane Teka detA hai|" (pR. 269) . "mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI/mujhe jilAnA hai sva-para doSoM ko jalAnA/parama-dharma mAnA hai santoM ne|" (pR. 277) 0 "parIkSaka banane se pUrva/parIkSA meM pAsa honA anivArya hai, anyathA/upahAsa kA pAtra banegA vaha / " (pR. 303) kintu sUktiyA~ kavitA nahIM hotii| phira lauTeM kavitA kI ora / mujhe isa grantha ko par3hate hue kaI bAra kavitA kI kauMdha isake kucha pRSThoM meM dikhAI dii| kucha udAharaNa draSTavya haiM : 0 "kina zabdoM meM agni se nivedana karU~,/kyA vaha mujhe suna sakegI ? kyA usa para par3a sakegA/isa hRdaya kA prakAza-prabhAva ? kyA jvalana jala bana sakegA,/isakI pyAsa bujha sakegI ? kahIM vaha mujha para kupita huI to ?/yU~ socatA huA zaMkita zilpI eka bAra aura jalAtA hai agni / " (pR. 275) "dUraja hokara bhI/svayaM rajavihIna sUraja hI/sahasroM karoM ko phailAkara sukomala kiraNAMguliyoM se/nIraja kI banda pA~khuriyoM-sI zilpI kI palakoM ko sahalAtA hai|" (pR. 265) 0 "vajrAghAta se Ahata ho/meghoM ke mukha se 'Aha' dhvani nikalI, jise sunate hI/saura-maNDala baharA ho gyaa|" (pR. 247) 'mUkamATI' meM maulika vicArazIlatA ___ Alocya kAvyagrantha meM nirI kalpanA kI ur3Ana nahIM hai / maulika vicAroM kI udbhAvanA bhI isa adbhuta kAvya meM hameM prApta hotI hai : 0 "krodha kA parAbhava honA sahaja nahIM / " (pR. 252) 0 "vaise,/svarNa kA mUlya hai/rajata kA mUlya hai kaNa ho yA mana ho/prati padArtha kA mUlya hotA hI hai, parantu,/dhana kA apane Apa meM mUlya/kucha bhI nahIM hai|" (pR. 307-308) "prAya: saba kI coTiyA~/adhomukhI huA karatI haiM, parantu/zrIphala UrdhvamukhI hai|" (pR. 311)
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________________ 120 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "nIla nIra kI jhIla / nAlI - nadiyA~ ye ananta - salilA bhI / anta:salilA huI haiM, ... jala se vihIna ho / dInatA kA anubhava karatI hai nadI / " (pR. 178 ) isa vicArazIlatA meM bhI kavitA anta:salilA kI bhA~ti pravahamAna hai / yahI kavi kI vizeSatA hai / kAvya-kautuka yadyapi kAvya camatkAra aura kutUhala kA janaka Aja ke yuga meM nahIM rahA, na hI usakI koI prayojanIyatA hai, phira bhI inase vizAla grantha kAvya-kautuka jana-raMjana karatA hai, to kavi usake lie doSI nhiiN| yaha prayAsa prazaMsanIya hai / vizeSataH zabda- -kautuka darzanIya hai| 0 "nadIdI na jala se vihIna... / " (pR. 178) mRdaMga ke svara meM kavitA mRdaMgamayI ho uThatI hai : dhA... 'dhAdhin dhindhA.. "dhin dhindhA" vetana - bhinnA, cetana-bhinnA, tA''"tina''"tina''"tA""" tA'' tina'-" tina ... tA... kA"--"tana--"cintA, kA tana" cintA ?" (pR. 306 ) hama isa taraha ke zabda - vinyAsa ko upekSita nahIM kara sakate, kyoMki mahAkavi nirAlA ne bhI isa taraha kI kavitAe~ likhI haiM : " tAka kamasina vAri kamasina vAritAka vAri kamasina taak...|" adbhuta nATakIyatA, atizayatA aura prasaMgoM ke pUrvApara sambandhoM kA bikharAva yadyapi kisI bhI samIkSaka ke lie asuvidhAjanaka ho sakate haiM, kintu kAvya ko prAsaMgika banAne kI dRSTi se inakI parikalpanA sAhasika, sArthaka aura Adhunika paridRzya ke anukUla hai| vaha mahAkAvya, eka lambI, khuradarI kintu vicAra - veSTita kavitA-saMgumphana hai aura eka Alocaka ne ThIka hI kahA hai ki 'mUkamATI' meM kavitA kA antaraMga svarUpa pratibimbita hai / sAhitya ke AdhArabhUta siddhAntoM kA digdarzana bhI isameM hai / tulasIdAsa ne likhA hai : " kIrati bhaNiti bhUti bhala soI / surasari sama saba kara hita hoI / " usI prakAra sAhitya kI upAdeyatA / prayojanIyatA bhI vahI honI cAhie jo gaMgA ke samAna sabako zItala aura pavitra kare, anyathA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 121 kalAvAdiyoM kI Atmarati aura AtmamugdhatA sAhitya ko hAthIdA~ta kI mInAroM meM qaida kara degI / vItarAga aura sAdhu hone ke uparAnta bhI jisa taraha tulasI, kabIra, sUra Adi ne jana aura usake jIvana ke saMgharSoM/ghAtoM- pratyAghAtoM se apane ko sampRkta rakhA thA, apane sAhitya meM unakI asmitA aura astitva ko akSuNNa rakhA thA, prakArAntara se AcArya vidyAsAgara bhI sAhitya aura usake zilpa ko jana se parAGmukha nahIM karate (pR. 111) / 'mUkamATI' : : samagra Akalana saikar3oM pRSTha likha die jAe~ aura samIkSA / zodha ko uddharaNa - bojhila banA diyA jAya, yaha uddezya isa Alocaka kahIM hai / kalevara kI sthUlatA nahIM, kama se kama zabdoM meM kRti kI kamanIyatA, usakI samagratA ko prAdhyApakIya aura rUDha kAvya/AlocanA zAstra se pare haTakara prastuta kiyA jAya, yahI merA uddezya hai / Upara ke pRSThoM meM maiMne 'mUkamATI' ko hindI sAhitya hI nahIM, bhAratIya sAhitya ke gaurava kAvyagranthoM meM se eka kahA hai / grantha kA samyak mUlyAMkana karane para yaha kathana svata: siddha ho jAtA hai / 1. 'mUkamATI' zIrSaka purAnA aura ghisA-piTA lagatA hai, kintu mUka hote hue bhI mATI kA antardvandva, hAhAkAra aura usakI kumbha ke rUpa meM sAmAjika upayogitA sarvahArA kI apanI abhivyakti hai / binA vAmapaMthI colA dhAraNa kie kavi ne yaha sahajatA pUrvaka nirUpita kiyA hai| 2. kavi kA kAvya kauzala zlAghanIya hai / muktachanda meM mahAkAvya kI saMracanA Aja bhI eka kaThina aura duHsAdhya kArya hai| dharmavIra bhAratI, nareza mehatA, kuMvaranArAyaNa Adi ne kramaza: 'andhA yuga', 'saMzaya kI eka rAta, 'naciketA' jaise laghu khaNDakAvya hI race / zAyada mukta chanda meM yaha hindI kA pahalA saphala mahAkAvya hai / 3. sAhitya kI zuddhatA, zuddha kavitA ke pratimAna jaisI sAhityika pecIdagiyoM meM bhaTakAnA isa laghu zodha / samIkSA kA uddezya nahIM / yadi kavi apanI pUrI ImAnadArI aura sAmAjika sarokAroM se sampRkta hokara aisA kucha sRjana karatA hai jo eka sAtha paurANika, kAlpanika, yathArtha aura prasAMgikatA kA yugAnukUla rasAyana hai, to usake kartavya kA usane nirvAha kiyA hai| hameM harSa hai ki hama usa racanAkAra ke samakAlIna haiM, jisane apanI lekhanI se mUkamATI kI vyathA ko ukerA hai / 4. dharatI mA~ hai, kumbha aura kumbhakAra usake putra haiN| svarNa aura sArI Arthika eSaNAe~ kavi ne miTTI aura manuputra se zreSTha nahIM jAnI haiN| 5. manuSya apane rAga-virAga, harSa-vimarSa aura sArI kamaz2oriyoM ke bAvajUda bhautikatA kI jar3atA ko atikramita karake samatA, bandhutA aura vizva mAnavatA ke Adarza ko prApta kara sakatA hai / yaha divya sambhAvanA isa mahAkAvya meM hai, isIlie maiMne ekAdhika bAra duharAyA hai ki tulasI, sUra, kabIra, ravIndranAtha aura zrI aravinda kI kAvyakRtiyoM ke samakakSa yaha mahAkAvya sampradAyAtIta hI nahIM, kAlAtIta hai, ata: kAlajayI hai| pRSTha 451-453 jaba Aga kI narIko pAra kara Aye hama....... 'nIra ko dhAraNa kare so dharaNI nIra kA pAlana kare so dharaNI !
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : eka pratIkAtmaka dArzanika kAvya pro. (DaoN.) sudarzana lAla jaina santa ziromaNi pUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kI antarAtmA se ni:sRta 'mUkamATI' eka pratIkAtmaka dArzanika kAvya hai / AdhyAtmika cintana meM lavalIna sAdhaka hI isa amRta rasa kA svAda jAna sakatA hai / pada dalita 'mUkamATI', jo karmabaddha AtmA kA pratinidhitva karatI hai, vaha samyak darzana (varNa lAbha), samyak jJAna (bodha), samyak cAritra (zodha) aura samyak tapa(agni parIkSA) ke mAdhyama se sarvopari, sarvapUjya, zuddha dazA ko prApta karatI hai| isameM prasaMgAnusAra jaina darzana ke prAya: sabhI siddhAntoM kA samAveza milatA hai| jaise-dravya paribhASA, karma siddhAnta, lezyA, muktAtmA, ratnatraya, upAdAna-nimitta kAraNa kI vyavasthA, guNa jIva se pRthak nahIM, pAnI chAna kara upayoga karanA, tapa, mukta jIva kA saMsAra meM punarAgamana niSedha Adi / isa kAvya kI isa sandarbha meM yaha vizeSatA hai ki dArzanika siddhAntoM ko bar3e hI rocaka DhaMga se prastuta kiyA gayA hai, jisase pAThaka bojhila nahIM hotA / mUkamATI ke mAdhyama se kavivara AcArya ne karmabaddha AtmA kI mukti kI ora bar3hatI huI vizuddhatara aura vizuddhatama dazA kA citraNa pratIkAtmaka kAvya ke mAdhyama se kiyA hai| aMkoM kA camatkAra tathA pracalita zabdoM kI arthAntara pratidhvaniyA~ sarvatra vyApta haiM / loka jIvana ke sandarbha meM AtaMkavAda, samAjavAda, pU~jIvAda Adi kA bhI samyak samAveza kiyA gayA hai / kAvya ke alaMkAroM meM anuprAsa Adi zabdAlaMkAroM aura upamA Adi arthAlaMkAroM kA prayoga prasaMgAnukUla hai| kAvya rasa vicAra kI dRSTi se isameM zAnta rasa kA prAdhAnya hai| prastuta kAvya ko nimnalikhita cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai tathA pratyeka khaNDa meM kramaza: 88, 99, 79 tathA 220 pRSTha haiN| 1. saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha (samyagdarzana) miTTI kI kaMkara Adi se mizrita avasthA usakI saMkara avasthA hai| vijAtIya kaMkaroM (karmoM) se pRthak svasvarUpa kA bhAna hI varNa lAbha hai| rAga-dveSajanya karma sambandha ke kAraNa AtmA apane saMkara rUpa ko prApta hai / jaba use yaha bhAna ho jAtA hai ki karma AtmA se pRthak haiM to yaha usakA varNa lAbha yA samyagdarzana hai| 2. zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM (samyagjJAna) varNa yA zabda kI sArthakatA usake bodha (jJAna) meM hai| kevala zabdabodha yA varNabodha se vyakti paNDita to bana sakatA hai, zodhaka nhiiN| bodha (samyagjJAna) kI sArthakatA tabhI hai, jaba zodha (samyak cAritra) ho / zabda ke artha ko samajhanA bodha hai aura bodha ko AcaraNa yA anubhUti meM utAranA zodha hai / zodha ke binA bodha meM AkulatA aura bodha sahita zodha meM nirAkulatA hai tathA nirAkulatA meM mahaka hai| 3. puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana (samyak cAritra) zodha kI dizA bar3hane para lokopakArI kAryoM ke sampAdana se puNya kA pAlana hotA hai aura pApoM kA prakSAlana hotA hai| puNya svarUpa prApta muktArAzi kA kumbhakAra dvArA rAjA ko samarpaNa yaha dyotita karatA hai ki puNya phala kI kAmanA nahIM karanA cAhie, mukti tabhI sambhava hai| 4. agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI sI-rAkha (samyak tapa) jisa prakAra miTTI ke ghaTa ko jaba taka Aga meM nahIM pakAyA jAtA hai, taba taka usameM na to jaladhAraNa Adi sambhava hai aura na usameM maMgala kalaza kA rUpa prakaTa hotA hai / Aga meM tapAne para hI usameM jaladhAraNa Adi sambhava hai| usI prakAra binA tapa rUpI agni meM tape jIva siddha nahIM hotA / tapa rUpI agni meM tapta ho kara zuddha huA jIva lokAnta meM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 123 sthita hokara siddhAvasthA ko prApta hotA hai / isa prakriyA meM guru kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai, jisakA pratinidhitva kathaMcit kumbhakAra ke rUpa meM kAvya meM darzita hai / 220 pRSThoM meM kAvya kA yaha caturtha khaNDa pUre kAvya kA qarIba-karIba AdhA hissA hai| pUre kAvya kI pRSTha saMkhyA 488 hai| yaha 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya hai yA nahIM, isakA jaba hama grantha-vistAra kI dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM to ise mahAkAvya kaha sakate haiN| parantu mahAkAvya ke zAstrIya lakSaNoM kI dRSTi se ise mahAkAvya nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| mahAkAvya ke zAstrIya lakSaNAnusAra mahAkAvya meM nimna lakSaNoM kA honA Avazyaka hai : (1) viSaya vastu sargoM meM vibhakta honA cAhie / sargoM kI saMkhyA ATha se adhika honA caahie| sarga na to bahuta choTe hoM aura na bahuta bar3e / sAmAnya rUpa se sarga meM eka hI chanda kA prayoga pracalita ho, parantu sargAnta meM chanda parivartana kA niyama hai / sarga ke anta meM bhAvI kathA kA saMketa ho / (2) nAyaka koI devatA yA ucca vaMzotpanna dhIrodAtta guNoM se yukta koI kSatriya ho / eka hI vaMza meM utpanna kaI rAjA bhI nAyaka ho sakate haiN| vartamAna kAvyoM meM nAyaka koI bhI ho sakatA hai| (3) zRMgAra, vIra vA zAnta-ina tIna rasoM meM koI eka mukhya tathA anya rasa aMga rUpa se hoN| (4) uddezya rUpa caturvidha puruSArtha (dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa) meM se koI eka ho / (5) kathAnaka itihAsa prasiddha ho yA sajjanAzrita ho / (6) sandhyA, sUrya, candramA, rAtri, dina, parvata, Rtu, vana, samudra Adi viSayoM kA sAMgopAMga varNana ho / (7) nATya sandhiyoM se yukta ho| (8) prArambha meM maMgala, sajjana prazaMsA evaM durjana nindA Adi ho / (9) mahAkAvya kA nAmakaraNa nAyaka ke nAma, varNyaviSaya yA kisI anya AdhAra para ho / (10) kathAvastu AMgika (eka ghaTanA pradhAna) na hokara samagra (jIvana kA citraNa karatI) ho| mahAkAvya kI ye sabhI vizeSatAe~ sabhI mahAkAvyoM meM ghaTita nahIM hotii| yadyapi ye anivArya lakSaNa na hokara sAmAnya lakSaNa haiM, tathApi prathama niyama aura antima niyama rUpa kathAvastu samagra ho, AMzika nahIM tathA ATha sargoM kA honA sabhI mahAkAvyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai / anya niyama sAmAnya rUpa se hI pAe jAte haiN| isa dRSTi se dekhane para 'mUkamATI' ko mahAkAvya nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| jina mahAkAvyoM meM zRMgAra Adi rasoM tathA laukika jIvana kI ghaTanAoM kA citraNa rahatA hai, vaha bhI isa rUpa meM nahIM hai| 'mUkamATI' ke cAra khaNDoM ko yadi viSayAnusAra ATha sargoM meM vibhakta kara diyA gayA hotA to mahAkAvya kahA jA sakatA thaa| zAstrIya paribhASAnusAra yaha mahAkAvya hai yA nahIM, yaha utanA mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai jitanA ki kavivara kA citcamatkAra, jo mahAkAvya kI AtmA hai / isa kAvya ke kucha avalokanIya sthala haiM : (1) guru hita-mita-priya pravacana de sakate haiM, vacana nahIM : "hita-mita-miSTa vacanoM meM/pravacana denA use,/kintu kabhI kisI ko/bhUlakara svapna meM bhI/vacana nahIM denaa|" (pR. 486) (2) kalA zabda kA abhinava artha : "kalA zabda svayaM kaha rahA ki/'ka' yAnI AtmA-sukha hai
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________________ 124 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'lA' yAnI lAnA-detA hai/koI bhI kalA ho kalA mAtra se jIvana meM/sukha-zAnti-sampannatA AtI hai|" (pR. 396) (3) hiMsA-ahiMsA, prazaMsA-nRzaMsA, dhIratA aura kAyaratA kyA hai ? : "hiMsA kI hiMsA karanA hI/ahiMsA kI pUjA hai "prazaMsA,/aura hiMsaka kI hiMsA yA pUjA/niyama se/ahiMsA kI hatyA hai "nRzaMsA / dhI-ratA hI vRtti vaha/dharatI kI dhIratA hai/aura kAya-ratA hI vRtti vaha/jaladhi kI kAyaratA hai|" (pR. 233) (4) sat kA svarUpa : " 'utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya-yuktaM sat' ...vyAvahArika bhASA meM/sUtra kA bhAvAnuvAda prastuta hai : AnA, jAnA, lagA huA hai/AnA yAnI janana-utpAda hai jAnA yAnI maraNa-vyaya hai/lagA huA hai yAnI sthira-dhauvya hai/aura hai yAnI cira-sat/yahI satya hai yahI tathya !" (pR. 185) (5) AtmA aura jar3a kabhI eka nahIM hote : "are kaMkaro!/mATI se milana to huA/para mATI meM mile nahIM tuma!/mATI se chuvana to huA/para mATI meM ghule nahIM tuma !/itanA hI nahIM,/calatI cakkI meM DAlakara tumheM pIsane para bhI/apane guNa-dharma/bhUlate nahIM tuma ! bhale hI/cUraNa banate, retila; /mATI nahIM banate tuma!" (pR. 49) pR. 434 Kanti -apahoM ke mukhase padoM kI, padavAloMkI -pariNati-paddhati sunakara "parivara stamita huaa|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : maMgala - yAtrA kA kAvya DaoN. (ku.) girijA rAnI mizrA racanA eka kalA hai aura kalA sAdhanA / sAdhaka anavarata lagana, adhyavasAya, parizrama, niSThA tathA samarpaNabhAva se sAdhanA karake apanI kalA ko sa~vAratA hai / kalA rasamaya hokara kalAkAra kI sAdhanA ko amaratva pradAna karatI hai / yaha racanAkAra ke lakSya ko gauravAnvita karatI hai| racanAkAra apanI kalA ke mAdhyama se mAnava saMskRti kA jayaghoSa karatA hai| isameM satyaM zivaM, sundaram ke svara ninAdita hote haiM - yahI prANimAtra ke kalyANasrota haiM / kalA, racanA evaM sAdhanA yugoM-yugoM taka jIvana kA sandeza pradAna karatI haiN| racanAkAra kAla, deza kI sImA se vimukta ho jAtA hai aura usakA kIrtidhvaja sadaiva laharAtA rahatA hai / jIvana eka pravahamAna saritA hai / usameM jIvana ke anubhava jala binduoM ke sadRza hote haiM - jala kA sAtatya usakI gatizIlatA kA dyotaka hai, usI prakAra anubhavoM kI nirantaratA jIvana kA pratIka hai / jala bindu apanI ArdratA se tana-mana ko ullasita karate haiN| vaise hI anubhava khaNDa bhI jIvana ko abhinava rasa pradAna karate haiN| jIvana rasa hai / rasa kA tAtparya Ananda se hai | Ananda jIvana kA lakSya hai / parama zAnti, sukhopalabdhi tathA AnandAnubhUti bhAratIya jIvana darzana kA mUla svara hai / mAnava isakI prApti hetu anavarata, athaka parizrama karatA hai| jisa prakAra saritA mahAsAgara meM lIna hokara apane astitva ko virATatva se sampRkta karatI hai, usI prakAra mAnava apane jIvana ko saccidAnanda se bA~dhakara apane ko 'mukta' mAnatA hai / yaha usakI anupama upalabdhi hotI hai| yahI usake jIvana kA lakSya hotA hai / AcArya vidyAsAgara kI kAvya kRti 'mUkamATI' isa dRSTi se viziSTa hai, kyoMki isameM racanAkAra ne apanI anavarata sAdhanA se jIvana kI kalAtmakatA ko bhAratIya saMskRti ke anurUpa abhivyakta kiyA hai| jIvana ke darzana ko sahaja, sarasa, prabhAvazAlI evaM bodhagamya DhaMga se prastuta karane kA eka saphala prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| sarvathA abhinava viSaya ko, jo jIvana racanA kA eka mUlatattva hai, rUpaka ke AdhAra para dArzanika svara pradAna kiyA gayA hai| racanAkAra kA lakSya kRti meM kucha bhI rahA kintu itanA spaSTa hai ki yaha jIvana jo mATI kA hai, karma rUpI agni se tapA kara hI use kIrtizeSa banAyA jA sakatA hai| yaha karma guru kRpA se sambhava hai anyathA ajJAna meM AkaNTha DUbA prANI jIvana ko mATI hI kara DAlatA hai / 'mATI' jIvana hai, zakti evaM UrjA hai, rasa hai aura prANapradAtA hai| mATI mA~ hai, jisake kroDa meM janma lekara prANI bar3A hokara karma karatA hai| mATI hI karmabhUmi hai / karma jinase mAnava apane jIvana ko vyavasthita karatA hai / paristhitiyA~ usako karmatantu se bA~dhatI haiN| guru kRpA se hI usake akSamatantu vinaSTa hote haiM, jJAna cakSu khulate haiM aura zubhatva se bharakara vaha 'mATI kI maunatA' ko Ananda ke svara se bharatA hai / jIvana ko amaratva kI ora le jAne kA saphala upakrama-satyAnveSaNa jo akhaNDa Ananda se maNDita hai vaha 'tamaso mA jyotirgamaya' meM krama pUrNa hotA hai / yahI jIvana kI sArthakatA hai| 'mUkamATI' kA darzana yahI hai / 1 'mUkamATI' kA sandeza mAnava kalyANa se sampRkta hai| dharma, darzana, karma, saMskRti evaM adhyAtma kA pAvana paMcAmRta isa kAlajayI kRti meM upalabdha hai / mAnava apane jIvana ko sArthaka banAne ke nimitta inhIM tattvoM ko AtmasAt karatA hai / jIvanarUpI ghaTa ko rasamaya banAne meM inhIM tattvoM kI avismaraNIya bhUmikA hotI hai / kavipravara ne isa kRti meM 'mATI' ke mAdhyama se jIvanasAra kI mahattA pratipAdita kI hai / kRti apane varNya viSaya ke abhinava vidhAna ke kAraNa 'mIla kA patthara' siddha huI hai| zilpa sauSThava kI dRSTi se bhI isameM navInatA hai / yaha avazya hai ki kAvya-zilpa ke nirdhArita mAnaka bhale isameM vidyamAna nahIM haiM kintu eka uccakoTi kI racanA meM isakI cintA apekSita nahIM hotI / varNya viSaya kA 'kainavAsa' ati suvistRta, tarka sammata, rocaka tathA gambhIratA se yukta hai / kathA pravAha meM kahIM bhI
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________________ 126 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA zaithilya dRSTigocara nahIM hotA, yaha isakI anyatama upalabdhi hai / 'mUkamATI' kA vastu pakSa sabala evaM prabhAvazAlI hai| apanI gambhIratA, navInatA, sahajatA, rasamayatA evaM cintana ke vistRta dharAtala ke kAraNa yaha kRti barabasa sabhI ko apanI ora AkRSTa karatI hai / adhyAtma, darzana tathA sAMskRtika AdhArabhUmi para avasthita hone ke kAraNa sAmAnya sahRdayoM ko kaThinAI kI anubhUti ho sakatI hai kintu usameM rasa-sAgara nirantara hillolita ho rahA hai / sudhIjana isa Ananda meM nimagna hokara apanI jJAna-pipAsA ko zAntakara santuSTa hote haiN| 'anabUr3e bUr3e, tare je bUr3e saba aMga' kI ukti akSaraza: sArthaka siddha hotI hai / isa kRti kA racayitA eka sAdhaka hai, santa hai, sAdhanA kI udAtta bhAvabhUmi para anavarata vicaraNa karane vAlA hai, ata: usake udgAra asAdhAraNa evaM jJAna garimA se yukta haiN| kavitva evaM Atma saMgIta kA samanvaya mAnava mAtra ko mukti-patha para le jAne kA hetu banatA hai / isa kRti kI sarvotkRSTatA isI se pramANita hotI hai| 'mUkamATI' meM 'mATI' kA suvistRta rUpaka bA~dhA gayA hai| mATI akiMcana, pada-dalita, upekSita aura sarvasulabha hone ke kAraNa mahattvahIna-sI hai / raja-jisakA pratyeka kaNa apanI asmitA kA paricaya pratikSaNa mAnava ko pradAna karatA hai ki usake zarIra nirmANa meM usakI bhI viziSTa bhAgIdArI hai, usI mATI se utpanna hai / mAnava isa ora se nizcinta-sA lagatA hai, kyoMki mATI ko vaha anupayogI mAna baiThA hai| Adhunika cakAcauMdha ke vAtAvaraNa meM mATI' kI carcA karake vaha apane ko 'dakiyAnUsI' athavA 'paramparAvAdI' nahIM siddha karanA cAhatA, vaha to 'cA~da-sitAroM' kI komala kalpanAoM meM hI khokara apane vyaktitva ko sArthaka banAnA cAhatA hai / yaha usakA bhrama evaM ahaMkArI dRSTikoNa hai| yahI usake kaSToM evaM vinAza kA mUla hai| kavipravara ne 'mATI' ko kaMkarIlI-patharIlI sthitiyoM se yukta batAkara bhI usakI mahimA ko ujAgara kiyA hai, kyoMki kumhAra isI mATI ko apane zrama se cikanI, mulAyama aura sundara banAtA hai / usa para usakA kiyA gayA zrama vyartha nahIM jaataa| sundara ghaTa kA nirmANa kumhAra kI lagana, niSThA aura samarpita bhAvanA kA pratIka hai| karma aura dharma donoM ke sAmaMjasya se vyakti aneka durlabha vastuoM ko sulabha kara sakatA hai| usakA lakSya spaSTa honA caahie| kumhAra apane karma-dharma se hI anapar3ha, kaMkarIlI-patharIlI aura caTTAna jaisI miTTI se mohaka ghar3e kA nirmANa karatA hai / yaha ghar3A maMgala kA pratIka hai| ghar3e meM 'svastika' kA cihna hamArI sAMskRtika kriyAzIlatA evaM mAnavIyatA kA pratIka hai| 'mUkamATI' kI mATI kI yahI vedanA hai-tiraskAra, upekSA, padadalana / isake pazcAt bhI kavi dvArA mukti-sambhAvanA se sampRkta karane kA prayAsa, usakI amaravANI hai / isameM kiMcit bhI atiraMjanA nahIM hai ki mATI kI upekSA jIvana ko vinAza patha para le jAtI hai| mATI kI UrjA evaM usakI zakti ko cunautI nahIM dI jA sakatI / vaha ajeya evaM kAlAtIta hai| prakRti ke vistRta A~gana meM mATI kI parvata kI uttuMga coTiyoM se lekara mahAsAgara kI atala gaharAI taka upasthiti hai| mATI sarvazaktimAn hai / lagatA hai sAgara se parvata taka mATI kA akhaNDa sAmrAjya hai / vaha apanI asmitA ko digdiganta taka phailAe hue jagatI meM ho rahe kAryoM kI mUka sAkSI hai| isa dharitrI para jo kucha sundara, AkarSaka, priya aura uttama hai, vaha mATI ke kAraNa hI hai / isake bAvajUda mATI kI upekSA aura tiraskAra hai / santavANI ne isa mATI kI mahimA kA gAyana aura usakI UrjasvitA kA pratipAdana isa viziSTa kAvya kRti meM kiyA hai / mATI aura kumbhakAra ke pArasparika sambandhoM kI ora iMgana isa bAta kA pratIka hai ki miTTI kI parakha mAtra kumbhakAra ko hI hai / kumbhakAra racayitA hai, nirmAtA hai aura sraSTA hai / mATI racanA kA AdhAra hai, spandana kA srota hai aura rasamayatA kA akSaya bhaNDAra hai| saundarya, zRMgAra evaM madhurimA kI triveNI hai / yaha triveNI jisakA darasa, parasa yA pAna sAMsArika mAyA-moha se mukta karatA hai / amRta tattva se bharapUra mATI kA sparza jIvana ko parama zAnti, sukha evaM mokSa pradAna karane meM samartha hai / dhanya hai 'mATI' aura usakI mahimA /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 127 : 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI paridhi ko sparza karatA hai| mahAkAvyAtmakatA aura usakA vaiziSTya sarvatra vidyamAna hai / racanAkAra ne isa kRti ko cAra sargoM (khaNDoM) meM vibhAjita kiyA hai - prathama khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa - lAbha; dvitIya khaNDa 'zabda so bodha nahIM: bodha so zodha nahIM; tIsarA khaNDa 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana'; caturtha khaNDa 'agni parIkSA : cA~dI-sI raakh'| vaise mahAkAvya kI pracalita paramparA ke anusAra isameM khaNDoM kI saMkhyA kama hai kintu Adhunika racanA pravRttiyoM ke AdhAra para ise mahAkAvya kI zreNI meM rakhanA samIcIna hogaa| prakRti-citraNa, dharatI kI vistRta harItimA, nayanAbhirAma, mohaka dRzyAvaliyA~ Adi jIvana kI dhArA ko gahanatA se prabhAvita karatI haiN| kathA sUtra 'mATI' ke AsapAsa kendrita hai / mATI aura usakA racayitA hI isakI kathA ko gati pradAna karate haiM / racanAkAra ne eka rUpa taiyAra karake apane kathAnaka ko ati vistAra pradAna kiyA hai| mATI rUpI ghaTa ko rUpI guru 'kumbhakAra apane karmarUpI hAthoM se nirmita karatA hai / kaMkara - patthara rUpI ajJAna ko haTAkara sundaratA rUpI jJAnaprakAza bharatA hai / yaha ghaTa maMgalakArI hai, zubhatva tathA pavitratA se yukta hai / isa ghaTa ke prati sahaja hI zraddhA jAgRta hotI hai| yaha maMgala - bhAvanA muktipradAtA hai| prathama khaNDa meM mATI kI vyathA kA sahaja hI udghATana kitanA sajIva evaM mArmika hai : " svayaM patitA hU~ / aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se / adhama pApiyoM se pada-dalitA hU~ mA~ ! / sukha - muktA hU~ / duHkha - yuktA hU~ tiraskRta tyaktA hU~ mA~ ! " (pR. 4) yaha mATI kA Atma kathana hai| isameM jahA~ eka ora mAnavIkaraNa kA Aropa hai vahIM para nATakIyatA kA svara bhI prApta hotA hai / jisa prakAra koI pAtra raMgamaMca para avatarita hokara svayaM apanA paricaya detA hai to vaha kitanA jAnApahacAnA aura jIvanta pratIta hotA hai / usakA lagAva atizIghra anyoM se hotA hai, usI prakAra mATI kA paricaya asAdhAraNa rUpa se sabhI ko prabhAvita karatA hai / mAtra paricaya se hI nahIM, mATI kI vedanA bhI antas ko dravita karatI hai : "yAtanAyeM pIr3AyeM ye ! / kitanI taraha kI vedanAyeM / kitanI aura " Age kaba taka patA nahIM / inakA chora hai yA nahIM ! zvAsa-zvAsa para/nAsikA banda kara / Arta - ghulI ghU~Ta / basa pItI hI A rahI hU~ / aura / isa ghaTanA se kahIM / dUsare du:khita na hoM mukha para ghU~ghaTa lAtI hU~ / ghuTana chupAtI - chupAtI / ghU~Ta / pItI hI jA rahI hU~, kevala kahane ko / jItI hI A rahI huuN|" (pR. 4-5) mATI kI isa pIr3A, vedanA aura du:khAnubhUti meM usakI nirIhatA evaM upekSitA kA bhAva sannihita hai kintu vAstava meM usakI vinamratA sarAhanIya hai / vaha apanI adamya icchA zakti ko parAjita nahIM hone detI varan apanI jijIviSA ko jAgRta kie rahatI hai| saMgharSa evaM gatizIlatA usakI prakRti meM hai / jisa prakAra dRr3ha nizcayI ziSya apanI laganazIlatA evaM dRr3ha nizcaya se guru kI kRpA prApta kara jJAna prApta karatA hai, satya-asatya, dharma-adharma, nyAya-anyAya, ucita-anucita, pApa-puNya meM bheda karake apane kartavya patha para calakara lakSya prApta karatA hai, usI prakAra yaha mATI bhI prakRti ke pariveza meM rahate hue bhI apanI asmitA tathA gatizIlatA ke prati satata jAgarUka hai / usakI dRr3ha icchA zakti se prabhAvita hokara dharatI mA~ usakI prazaMsA karatI hai :
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________________ 128 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "tUne jo/apane Apako/patita jAnA hai/laghu-tama mAnA hai/yaha apUrva ghaTanA isalie hai ki/tUne/nizcita rUpa se/prabhu ko,/guru-tama ko/pahacAnA hai ! terI dUra-dRSTi meM/pAvana-pUta kA bimba/bimbita huA avazya !" (pR. 9) guru kI pahacAna hone para sahaja hI kalyANa patha prazasta hotA hai| guru kI kRpA prApta karanA sahaja, sarala nahIM hai| usake lie sAdhanA aura karma karanA hotA hai / mATI bhI apane kumbhakAra-guru kI kRpA prApti hetu pratikSaNa vyagra hai| isake lie AzA, utsAha aura sAhasa kA abhAva nahIM honA cAhie : "kabhI-kabhI/gati yA pragati ke abhAva meM/AzA ke pada ThaNDe par3ate haiM, dhRti, sAhasa, utsAha bhI/Aha bharate haiM,/mana khinna hotA hai/kintu yaha saba AsthAvAn puruSa ko/abhizApa nahIM hai,/varan varadAna hI siddha hote haiM/jo yamI, damI/haradama udyamI hai|" (pR. 13) mATI kA saMkalpa hI use ghaTa meM parivartita kara maMgala bhAvanA se sampRkta karatA hai| mATI guru kRpA se svarNa meM badala jAtI hai / anizcaya, zaMkA, sandehoM se mukta hokara mATI apane lakSya ko anAyAsa hI prApta karatI hai / zreSThatA kA mAnaka hI jIvana ko utkRSTatA pradAna karatA hai| "avikalpI hai vaha/dRr3ha-saMkalpI mAnava/arthahIna jalpana atyalpa bhI jise/rucatA nahIM kabhI!" (pR. 27) zilpI apanI tUlikA meM jo raMga bharatA hai, vastu kI sthiti-paristhiti ko dekha kara aura parakha kara hI nirNaya karatA hai / mATI kA saMkalpa hI use zilpI ke kuzala hAthoM meM pahu~cAtA hai| usakA viveka aura dRr3ha nizcaya isa dRSTi se zlAghya evaM prazaMsanIya hai / zilpI ke hAthoM mATI apanA bhaviSya maMgalamaya mAnatI hai / usake varNa saMkaratva ko zilpI hI sa~bhAlatA hai, kUTa-chAnakara use saundarya maNDita kara upayogI bhI banAtA hai| mATI ke prati usakA mamatva bhI kama nahIM hai, tabhI to : "Aja mATI ko/basa phulAnA hai/pAtra se, parantu anupAta se/jala milAkara use ghulAnA hai |/aaj mATI ko/basa phulAnA hai|" (pR. 57-58) mATI apanI akiMcanatA para du:khI to hai kintu dharatI mA~ ke AzISa evaM kumbhakAra ke sneha para use pUrNa vizvAsa bhI hai / usakI yAtrA ko ye hI sArthakatA pradAna kareMge : "mokSa kI yAtrA/"saphala ho/moha kI mAtrA/"viphala ho dharma kI vijaya ho/karma kA vilaya ho/jaya ho, jaya ho jaya-jaya-jaya ho !" (pR. 76-77) / isa jayayAtrA meM kalyANa kI bhAvanA samAhita hai / isake prati zubha saMketa hai : "isa zubha yAtrA kA/eka hI prayojana hai,/sAmya-samatA hI/merA bhojana ho sadoditA sadollasA/merI bhAvanA ho,/dAnava-tana dhara/mAnava-mana para hiMsA kA prabhAva nA ho,/divi meM, bhU meM/bhUgoM meM/jiyA-dharma kI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 129 dayA-dharma kI/prabhAvanA ho!" (pR. 77-78) upaniSad meM bhI jayayAtrA ke sambandha meM ullikhita hai : "caraiveti caraiveti caran vai madhu vindati' 'calanA hI z2indagI hai-rukanA mauta hai', 'yAtrA kabhI niSphala nahIM hotI', vaha saphalatA tathA Ananda kA AdhAra hai tathA jIvana evaM gatizIlatA kA pratIka hai / varNa saMkaratva doSa gatizIlatA se hI dUra ho sakatA hai, mUla rUpa kI prApti tabhI sambhava hai| mATI isa rUpa kI prApti hetu satata gatizIla hai| ____ isa kRti kA dvitIya khaNDa hai -'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nhiiN|' isameM darzana evaM adhyAtma kI carcA gambhIratA ke sAtha huI hai| zabda cetanA kA pratIka hai| dhvani yA AvAz2a se hI zravaNa zakti saMcarita hai| zravaNa, cintana, manana Adi bodha ko puSTa karate haiM / bodha arthAt jAnakArI (jJAna) ke abhAva meM jijJAsA kahA~ ? jijJAsA hI zodha, anveSaNa, talAza yA khoja kI pravRtti ko painI karatI hai / isa prakAra zabda kI yAtrA khoja ke binduoM taka anavarata rUpa se calatI rahatI hai / yaha khoja avirAma hai / isameM bhAva, vibhAva tathA rasAnubhUti kI gahana tIvratA vidyamAna hai / anusandhitsu mauna rahakara akhaNDa Ananda kI sahaja anubhUti karatA hai / yaha udgAra bilakula satya hai : "jJAnI ke padoM meM jA/ajJAnI ne jahA~/nava-jJAna pAyA hai| asthira ko sthiratA milI/acira ko ciratA milI/nava-nUtana parivartana!"(pR.89) yaha zabda-bodha kA hI kamAla hai ki 'cetanA' kA nartana prArambha hotA hai jo 'samagratA' ko prabhAvita karatA hai : "tana meM cetana kA/cirantana nartana hai yaha/vaha kauna-sI A~kheM haiM / kisa kI, kahA~ haiM/jinheM sambhava hai/isa nartana kA darzana yaha !" (pR. 90) bhAratIya saMskRti ke purodhA mahAkavi jayazaMkara prasAda ne bhI apanI kAlajayI kRti 'kAmAyanI' meM 'cetanatA' ko pUrNa zakti sampanna siddha kiyA hai| "cetanatA eka vilasatI/Ananda akhaNDa ghanA thaa|" cetanA Ananda kA mUla hai| AtmA isI Ananda kI prApti hetu paramAtmA kI ora TakaTakI bA~dhe dekhatI hai| mATI bhI apanI mukti hetu cetanA ke ratha para ArUr3ha honA cAhatI hai / mATI aura kumbhakAra kA sambandha prakRti aura puruSa kA hai| eka ke abhAva meM dUsare kI sthiti nagaNya, vyartha evaM zUnya hai| paraspara prema aura AkarSaNa isakA rahasya hai / isakI abhivyakti racanAkAra ne kI hai : "svabhAva se hI/prema hai hamArA/aura/svabhAva meM hI/kSema hai hmaaraa| puruSa prakRti se/yadi dUra hogA/nizcita hI vaha/vikRti kA pUra hogA puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA ho/mokSa hai, sAra hai|/aur/anytr ramanA hI bhramanA hai/moha hai, saMsAra hai"|" (pR. 93) yaha jagat asAra hai / isakI mahattA tabhI hai jaba bodha se sampanna hokara zodha karane kI prakriyA prArambha ho / bodha-zodha kA yaha krama hI phalAphala ko utpanna karatA hai / sthiti ke anusAra usakA bhoga bhI milatA hai : "bodha kA phUla jaba/DhalatA-badalatA, jisameM/vaha pakva phala hI to zodha kahalAtA hai |/bodh meM AkulatA palatI hai/zodha meM nirAkulatA phalatI hai, phUla se nahIM, phala se/tRpti kA anubhava hotA hai,/ phUla kA rakSaNa ho/aura phala kA bhakSaNa ho; /hA~ ! hA~ !!/phUla meM bhale hI gandha ho / para, rasa kahA~ usameM!/phala to rasa se bharA hotA hI hai,/sAtha-sAtha
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________________ 130 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA surabhi se surabhita bhI !" (pR. 107) racanA puSpa kI bhA~ti hai / vaha 'samagratA' ko surabhita karatI hai / maMgala ghaTa kI pavitratA ko bar3hAtI hai / jJAna jyoti prakAzita karatI hai / zUla ko bhI phUla banAne kI apratima zakti usameM nihita hai| mATI khodane meM bhI eka sugandha hai, vaha sugandha antas ko dedIpyamAna karatA hai / sAhitya evaM kalA kA 'zabda' vahIM se janmatA hai| zilpI zabda ko vyApaka banAkara usake artha-gAmbhIrya ko vyakta karatA hai : "zilpI ke zilpaka sA~ce meM/sAhitya zabda DhalatA-sA! "hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai/aura sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai,/artha yaha huA ki jisa ke avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava-sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai|" (pR. 110-111) sAhitya apanI kalAtmakatA meM anupama hai| zabda-bodha usakI sahaja prakriyA hai| mATI kI maunatA bhI kalAtmaka DhaMga se bodha karAtI hai / yaha usakI apanI 'nijatA' hai / nijatA apane mahattva ko sadaiva pratiSThita karatI hai| mATI kI mahimA bhI pratiSThita hai : "mATI kI vaha mati/mandamukhI ho mauna meM samAtI hai, mlAna banA zilpI kA mana bhI/namana karatA hai mauna ko, padoM ko AjJA dene meM/pUrNata: asamartha rhaa|" (pR. 116) mATI kA rUpa, rasa, gandha, saundarya sabhI bodha evaM zodha ke kAraNa hI virATatva se jur3A hai| 'mUkamATI' kA tRtIya khaNDa 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' hai / isameM puNya kI mahimA kA gAyana hai / karma se hI puNya kI prApti hotI hai / zubhatva evaM maMgalava kA sAmrAjya sthApita hotA hai / mATI kA maMgala ghaTa puNya kI varSA karake samagra dharitrI kI pyAsa bujhAkara harItimA kA vistAra karatA hai / puNya, vRkSa, pakSI, pazu, parvata, ghATiyA~, nadiyA~, jharane Adi sabhI harSollAsa se bharakara apanI prasannatA kA paricaya pradAna karate haiN| kumbhakAra kA prAMgaNa maMgalabhAva se bhara uThatA hai / yaha varSA muktAyukta hai| kahIM bhI viSAda, pIr3A, nairAzya evaM avasAda ke megha dRSTigocara nahIM hote| mATI kI soMdhI mahaka jIvana ko nava saMcAra se bharatI hai| yaha samAcAra jaba digdiganta meM phailatA hai to rAjA kI svAmIbhakta maNDalI prasanna hotI hai aura use muktA-rAzi ko baTorane kA lobha jAgRta hotA hai / ve jaise hI muktA-rAzi ko sameTane meM pravRtta hote haiM, 'anartha-anartha' kI garjanA dhvanita hotI hai| pApAcAriyoM ke hRdaya Dola uThate haiN| puNya-lAbha kalmaSagatAcAriyoM ko kahA~ ? rAjA aura unakI maNDalI hataprabha ho uThatI hai / anta meM kumbhakAra vicAra karake vaha asIma muktArAzi rAjA ke havAle kara detA hai| kumbhakAra kA kathana hai : "Apa prajApati haiM, dayAnidhAna !/hama prajA haiM dayA-pAtra, Apa pAlaka haiM, hama bAlaka!/yaha Apa kI hI nidhi hai hameM Apa kI hI sannidhi hai/eka zaraNa!" (pR. 216) cintana, bodha aura zodha kSamAzIlatA meM abhivRddhi karate haiN| navInatA aura puNya ke prati cetanA samarpita hotI hai| 'samagratA' aura virATatva hI sukhakara pratIta hotA hai / lobha-svArtha kI kulyA kSINa ho jAtI hai / audArya, kSamA, puNya
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________________ kA mahAsAgara laharAne lagatA hai / jIvana kI vyAkhyA navInatA se anusyUta hone lagatI hai : mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 131 " naye caraNa - saMcaraNa / naye karaNa - saMskaraNa / nayA rAga, nayI parAga nayA jAga, nahIM bhAga/ naye hAva to nayI tRpA / naye bhAva to nayI kRpA nayI khuzI to nayI ha~sI / nayI-nayI yaha garIyasI / " (pR. 263 ) caturtha evaM antima khaNDa 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' zIrSaka se hai| isameM racanAkAra ne yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki jaba kumbhakAra apanI zilpakalA ke mAdhyama se ghaTa nirmita kara letA hai to use pakva rUpa dene kA prayAsa karatA hai / avA~ meM lakar3iyA~ prajvalita kI jAtI haiN| ghaTa apanI sampUrNatA ko prApta karane ko tatpara hai / usakI agni parIkSA hotI hai| mATI apane uccatama svarUpa ko prAptakara gauravAnvita hai| yaha svarUpa use guru tulya zilpI se prApta huA hai / dharitrI kA azeSa AzISa bhI usake sAtha hai| lakar3I apanI sampUrNa USmA evaM UrjA ke sAtha ghaTa ko paripakvatA dene ke lie jala rahI hai, rAkha bana rahI hai, astitva ko anastitva se milA rahI hai : : "lar3akhar3AtI lakar3I kI rasanA / rukatI - rukatI phira kahatI hai" nirbala-janoM ko satAne se nahIM, / bala-saMbala de bacAne se hI balavAnoM kA bala sArthaka hotA hai / " (pR. 272 ) avA~ ko puSTa karake ghaTa ko usI meM rakhA gayA hai : "avA ke mukha para dabA-dabA kara / ravAdAra rAkha aura mATI aisI bichAI gaI, ki / bAharI havA kI AvAz2a taka avA ke andara jA nahIM sakatI aba..!" (pR. 273 ) lakar3I jalane ko tatpara hai| racanAkAra ne gambhIra vANI meM asat vRttiyoM ko jalAne kA rUpaka taiyAra kiyA hai : " mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI / mujhe jilAnA hai / sva-para doSoM ko jalAnA parama- dharma mAnA hai santoM ne / / doSa ajIva haiM, / naimittika haiM, bAhara se Agata haiM kathaMcit; / guNa jIvagata haiM, / guNa kA svAgata hai|" (pR. 277) guNa vandanIya, grAhya evaM zubha haiN| mATI kA ghaTa svarNa kalaza ke lie IrSyA kA hetu hai / yaha mAnavIya pravRtti hai / sAdhAraNa vyakti zrama, niSThA, adhyavasAya se pragati karatA hai to svayambhU zakti ko suhAtA nahIM hai| vahI sthiti 'svarNakalaza' kI hai / AtaMka dala ise apavitra evaM dhvasta karane ko tatpara hai| nagara seTha ke pAsa maMgala ghaTa guru ke pada - prakSAlanArtha prastuta hai / apanI zraddhA se pada dhokara puNya lAbha kare / mAyA-moha grasta seTha anamanA hai / AtaMka dala ko vaha kucha nahIM khtaa| usakI yaha cuppI usake bhIru svabhAva kA dyotaka hai| manISI racanAkAra ne Adhunika sandarbhoM meM isa kathAvastu kA vistAra kiyA hai| Aja AtaMka dala, seTha, svarNa mudrA tathA guru kI sthiti samAja meM spaSTa hai| yaha vicAraNIya viSaya hai / yaha bhI satya hai ki guru to mAtra 'rAha dikhAne vAlA' hai / uddhAra to svayaM ke prayAsa se hotA hai| jJAna, viveka, puNya, satya dharma, nyAya kA pAlana to 'apane' sambhava hai| kAkumbha sarvotkRSTa Asana para virAjamAna hai| usameM kisI bhI prakAra kA ahaMkAra nahIM hai varan gauravAnvita " sabase Age kumbha hai / mAna - dambha se mukta, / nava-nava vyaktiyoM kI
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________________ 132 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA do paMktiyA~ kumbha ke pIche haiM/jo/paraspara eka-dUsare ke Azrita ho cala rahI haiM/eka mA~ kI santAna-sI/tana nire haiM "eka jaan-sii|" (pR. 178) caturtha khaNDa kathA vistAra se sampanna hai| racanAkAra kI dArzanika cetanA mukhara huI hai| santa kI nirmala bhAvanA apanI pUrNatA para vyakta huI hai| kSudratA kI upekSA, nirbalatA kA upahAsa, sva kI rakSA, AtmavizvAsa aura puNyAtmA kA zubhatva, maMgala kAmanA kA vistAra, guru mahimA aura AtmotthAna Adi binduoM kA gambhIra, vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti ke mUla svara kA pratipAdana bhI isI krama meM huA hai : "sarve bhavantu sukhina: sarve santu niraamyaaH| sarve bhadrANi pazyantu mA kazcid duHkha bhAgbhavet // " manISI racanAkAra ne vizvAsa evaM AsthA ko jIvana kI sarvotkRSTa nidhi mAnI hai : "vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI/avazya milegI/magara mArga meM nahIM, maMjila para !/aura/mahA-mauna meM/DUbate hue santa" aura mAhaula ko/animeSa nihAratI-sI/''mUkamATI / " (pR. 488) 'mUkamATI' kAvyakRti apanI zilpagata vizeSatAoM meM bhI anupama hai / rasa, guNa, alaMkAra, chanda tathA zabdasAmarthya prabhAvazAlI hai| kahIM para koI racanA-Agraha nahIM hai / Adhunika pariveza meM sarala, pracalita aura sArthaka zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / bhakti rasa, zAnta rasa ke megha sarvatra barase haiM jinameM sahRdaya snAna kara maMgala ghaTa se pUjAupAsanA karane meM tatpara hai / zRMgAra ko rUpaka ke mAdhyama se rakhakara jIvana ke saundarya ko ubhArA gayA hai / kahIM bhI atiraMjanA nahIM hai / chanda-prayoga sarvathA navIna hai, prabhAvI, pravAhapUrNa, ADambara yA durAgraha se sarvathA mukta hai / yaha santa kI nirmalatA evaM hRdaya kI vinamratA kA pratIka hai / upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA, punarukti alaMkAroM ke sAtha anuprAsa aura yamaka kA prayoga bhI prazaMsanIya hai / yadA-kadA bhAvAbhivyakti meM bala se par3ate haiM, kintu yaha svAbhAvika rUpa se huA hai, yathA-"paraspara aura eka dUsare" zabda kA prayoga - abhivyakti ko gati hI pradAna karatA hai / prakRti kA komala citrAMkana pariveza ke vistAra ko AkarSaka banAtA hai / mATI, nadI, parvata, AkAza, puSpa, vRkSa, madhu evaM saritA Adi kA prayoga jahA~ eka ora mahAkAvya kI garimA ko Urjasvita karatA hai vahIM rUpaka prayoga ko navInatA pradAna karatA hai| nATakIyatA mAnavIkaraNa, audArya, saMkalana-traya kI bhUmikA Adi kAvya-saundarya meM abhivRddhi karate haiM / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya apanI garimA meM bejor3a tathA mAnavIya anubhUtiyoM kA dArzanika-sAMskRtika dharAtala para prAmANika dastAvez2a pRSTha 399-390 kalA zabdasvayaM kaharagha ki -...... ekahI matada, vasa ALLivuAnal CIATITUALILLY
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________________ 'mUkamATI' ke praNetA pro. (DaoN.) Ara. DI. mizra kavi nirAlA isa zatAbdI ke eka krAnti cetA kavi haiM - eka aise cintana anubhUti ke puMja, jinameM atIta kI sampUrNa thAtI ke sAtha vartamAna jIvanta hokara hameM zakti, sAmarthya aura viveka detA hai| unameM eka aisI dRSTi USmA hai jo hameM atIta meM nihArane kA kauzala detI hai aura vartamAna ko AtmavizvAsa kI pratIti / yahI tAratamya hamArI rASTrIya asmitA hai, jo Aja bikhara rahI hai| yahI hamArI paramparA hai jo bhaviSya ke prati unmukha hone kA bala detI hai| jaba yaha anviti bikharatI hai taba koI yuga cetA ubharakara AtA hai-yuga meM krAnti kA udghoSa aura anyAya ke pratikAra kA zaMkhanAda karatA huA / yaha hamArI saMskRti kI vilakSaNatA hai jisane hajAroM varSoM ke arjana ko dhvasta hone se bacA liyA satya, ahiMsA aura karuNA kI mAnavIya cetanA hI isa mahatI saMskRti kA prANa hai / buddha aura mahAvIra se lekara gA~dhI aura phira Aja taka isI avadhAraNA aura jIvana darzana ko hamane AtmasAt kiyA aura ApadA-vipadA ke andhakAra se saMgharSa karate hue Aloka kiraNa ko udbhAsita kiyA hai| tulasI isa cetanA ke anyatama pratIka the| unakI prAsaMgikatA bhI isI arjana meM hai ki akabara ke zAsana meM saMskRti cetanA ke vighaTana aura AsthAoM ke khaNDana ke viruddha unhoMne 'mAnasa' kI racanA kI eka paripakva mAnasikatA aura praur3ha vicAraNA kI adamya abhivyakti ke rUpa meM, jo Aja bhI zAzvata hai hameM spandana aura preraNA zakti dene ke lie| inhIM saMskRti cetA tulasI kA eka Akalana, kavi nirAlA ne apanI prasiddha kavitA 'tulasIdAsa' meM kiyA hai jisameM tulasI ke yuga cetA vyaktitva kI mImAMsA to hai hI, sAtha hI isameM nirAlA kI krAnti cetanA aura yuga cetA vyaktitva kI prakharatA ke darzana bhI hote haiN| unhoMne sau chandoM kI isa lambI kavitA meM eka anUThe chanda kA prayoga kara zilpa ko bhI navInatA pradAna kI hai| vaha kisI bhI saMvedya vyakti ko caitanya pradAna kara use yuga tattva ko samajhane kA viveka bhI de sakatI hai| eka bAnagI dekhie tulasI kI yugacetanA, sRjana aura zilpa ke viniyoga kI sArthaka abhivyakti, jisameM yuga cetA paribhASita ho gayA hai, aura vaha sArI cetanA ubhara kara A gaI hai jisameM yuga cetA kA nirmANa hotA hai, usakI akulAhaTa, usakA udvelana use sannaddha karatA hai anyAya kA pratikAra aura anyAyI kA virodha karane ke lie| usakI samagra asmitA use nirbhIka banAtI hai aura vaha samarpita ho jAtA hai eka punarjAgaraNa ke alakha aura krAnti ke unmeSa ke lie / yahI zakti yuga svara banakara gUMjatI rahatI hai - zAzvata, nirantara / nirAlA kA yahI Akalana hai - kavi kA, kavi kI vANI kI pratIti banakara : "deza-kAla ke zara se biMdha kara yaha jAgA kavi azeSa-chavidhara inakA svara bhara bhAratI mukhara hoe~gI; nizcetana, nija tana milA vikala, chalakA zata-zata kalmaSa ke chala bahatI jo, ve rAginI sakala soeNgii|" aisI hI AzA, apekSA hotI hai yuga puruSa se, yuga mAnavatA ko|
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________________ 134 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA tapasvI vidyAsAgarajI ko jaba-jaba par3hatA, sunatA aura gunatA hU~ taba-taba nirAlA ke tulasIdAsa kI na jAne kitanI paMktiyA~ AcAryazrI kI prakharatA meM dhvanita hone lagatI haiM, jo unhoMne yuga cetA ke tapasvI aura manasvI rUpa meM saMyojita kI haiN| ve santa haiM, muni haiM, RSi aura yuga parivrAjaka ke sAtha hI krAnti cetA yugapuruSa bhI haiN| kintu ina saba ke Upara ve kavi haiM, kevala kavi / merA soca hai ki unake bahuAyAmI vyaktitva kA srota hI kavi hai, unakA udgama hI unakI saMvedanazIlatA hai| unakI mAnavatA ke prati vahI karuNA jo kabhI mahAvIra svAmI, buddha, zaMkara se hokara aneka rUpoM meM vyaMjita hotI huI tulasI aura phira gA~dhI meM samAhita thii| unakA kavi hRdaya anyAya kA pratikAra karane kI vyAsa vANI banakara gItA kA unmeSa karAtA hai| unakI satya kI pratIti vAlmIki ke rAma ko unameM sAkAra kara yuga satya kI abhivyakti karAtI hai / ve RSiyoM kI samasta cetanA vANI lekara mUrtimanta hue haiM isa sadI meN| unakI anupama kRti 'mUkamATI' kI antaraMgatA ko pahacAnane ke pUrva maiMne unakI vyakti cetanA kI usa asmitA ko talAza karane kI ceSTA kI, jo unameM anuguMjita hokara yuga spandana banI hai / isI bhaTakana meM mujhe sAnnidhya milA unake tIna taruNa ziSyoM kA-muni samatAsAgara, muni pramANasAgara aura ailaka nizcayasAgara kaa| unake prati kisI ajJAta preraNA se AkRSTa huA / isa ApAdhApI ke yuga meM bhI unakI apane taponiSTha guru ke prati gahana niSThA aura ni:svArtha samarpaNa bhAvanA ko dekhakara aura unhIM meM pratibimbita dekhatA rahA usa pAvana tapasvI kI krAnticetanA ko aura ina taruNa santoM meM pahacAnatA rahA unakA tejomaya svarUpa aura karatA rahA bhArata kI saMskRti ke pAvana rUpa kA darzana usa taponiSTha ke jIvanta mUrtimanta meN| santa dUradarzI hotA hai| vaha vartamAna meM sthira rahakara sudUra bhaviSya meM jhA~kane kA adbhuta kauzala jAnatA hai aura yahI vidhi kauzala vaha apanI yuga pIr3hI ko detA hai tathA use vartamAna meM rahane vAle kevala 'vartamAna jIvI' hone se bacA letA hai| AcAryapravara kA pUrA arjana Aja yahI yuga cetanA detA huA unheM gativAn banAe hai / unakA sampUrNa teja hI unakA parivrAjana hai / mAnavatA ke prati unakI samarpita bhAvanA hI unakI niSThA hai| unakI gati hI prANa cetanA hai aura yahI tapasyA kI siddhi gantavya hai, usa tApasa kA / prakRti aura puruSa ke sAhacarya kI anubhUti zakti hI unakA anuSThAna hai, yuga satya kI khoja kA / jagat kalyANa ke prati akulAhaTa hI unakA AtmAnveSaNa hai / aparigraha kA sandeza dene vAle santa kA yahI parigraha hai / hRdaya koSa meM karuNA kI akSaya nidhi hai| isI saMvedya dhvani ne isa yuga cetA santa ko mATI ke mauna meM bhI dhvani kI anubhUti aura svara kA ehasAsa karAyA hai / mATI ke mauna spandana meM bhI usane prANimAtra ke krandana ke sAtha mAnavatA ke abhinandana kI gUMja sunI aura yahI samanviti hI usakI kAvya cetanA kI kamanIyatA hai / yaha kRti sAhitya kI vidhA hai, kavitva hai, mahAkAvya kI AkRti hai athavA eka lambI kAvyAnubhUti-yaha to hama saba samIkSakoM ke mApadaNDa ke vidhAna aura parakha ke zikaMje haiN| ina saba zilpa, kalevara aura paribhASA ke nikaSa ke pare vaha eka santa kI saMvedya dRSTi kI anupama abhivyakti hai| eka tapasvI kI tapasyA kI samUcI pU~jI, kAvyanidhi hai / AcAryazrI kA kavi rUpa hI unakI vaha vyaMjanA hai jo prANi mAtra ke prati sampUrNa saMvedanA se vyakta huI hai, zabdoM ke bola aura mATI ke mauna meM / ve tapasvI, santa, sAdhaka aura RSi kucha bhI hoM, unakA mUlarUpa kavi kA hI hai jo hRdaya se ni:sRta huA hai, cetanAoM kI aneka mukhI dhArAoM meM / usa mAnasarovara meM kavitva kA athAha sAgara samAyA hai jisameM kavi-manISI AcAryazrI svayaM avagAhana karate haiM aura hama sabako, prANimAtra ko sphUrta karate hue sandeza dete haiM ki jIvana kI sArthakatA DUbane meM nahIM, DubakiyA~ lagAne meM haiM, kamala ke patra kI bhA~ti jala bindu rahita, nirlipta / vItarAgatA kI isase sahaja paribhASA aura kyA ho sakatI hai, jo saMnyAsa kI pratIti hai| saMsAra sAgara meM DubakiyA~ lagAte raho aura apanA prakSAlana karate hue pariSkRti kro| kavi rahIma ne isI ko alaga zailI-pratIkoM meM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 135 vyakta kiyA aura apane ko prAsaMgika banA liyA hai / zAzvata dhvani hai unakI ye : "rahimana yA tana sUpa hai lIje jagata pachora / halukana ke uDu jAna de garue rAkha baTora // " kitanA sahaja aura sulajhA huA jIvana darzana hai| pUrI cetanA kA Akalana aura manasvitA kA nicor3a hai| AcAryazrI kI vyakticetanA ke yahI bindu haiM, jo vistIrNa hokara unake vyAvahArika jIvana ke vRtta banakara kAyA meM samAhita haiN| unhoMne bhAratIya asmitA kI paramparA ko punarjIvita karake prANoM kI naI saMvedanA phUMkakara use niSprANa hone se bacAyA hai / yahI bhArata bhUmi kI sAMskRtika prakharatA hai jo hajAroM varSoM kI tapasyA ke pratiphalana meM vyApta hai aura hamArI cetanA ko anuprANita karane kI sAmarthya rakhatI hai kintu jaba kisI kAraNa se vaha nepathya meM calI jAtI hai taba vidyAsAgara jaise manISI kevala jJAna ke sAgara hI nahIM balki anubhUti ke AkAza banakara avatarita hote haiM aura deza ke mana:prANa ko eka nayA caitanya de jAte haiN| mATI meM prANa phUMkakara usake mauna ko mukhara kara dete haiN| mATI ke spandana meM zabda mukhara ho gae haiN| mATI para kendrita yaha cAra khaNDoM kA kAvya grantha mahAkAvya kI pAramparika paribhASA meM bhale hI na Ae kintu apane meM jisa audAttya ko sameTe hai usameM pUrA jIvana samA gayA hai| isameM samAhita ho gaI haiM jIvana kI vividhatAe~ aura mAnavatA kA vaipulya-paribhASA ke vRtta se haTakara / isakI vyaMjanAe~ eka vilakSaNa rUpa meM samagratA ko mahAkAvya ke paribhASA vRtta meM Abaddha kara letI haiM aura hameM mahasUsa hone lagatI hai-nae kAvyazAstra kI AvazyakatA, jIvana kI navyatama pariNati meN| hamAre pratimAnoM kI dhUmilatA aura upamAoM kI pAramparika dRSTi vaiziSTya ke sAtha hI niSprANa-sI par3I mAnavIya saMvedanAoM ko eka sarvathA caitanya pariNati dI hai 'mUkamATI' ke zilpI ne / isameM santa ke santatva ko kavi ke kavitva kI vANI mila gaI hai| sArI upamAoM ko eka naI camaka prApta ho gaI hai / chandoM kI mukti, kintu laya ke mAdhurya se sraabor| AcAryapravara tapovana meM nahIM haiM kintu tapovana kI usa paramparA ko yugAnukUla DhAla kara Aja punaH pratiSThA de rahe haiM jo gurukula meM panapI thI kintu Aja vilIna-sI ho gaI hai / guru kA gurutva, santa kA santatva aura RSi kI mantra RcA hI Aja taruNAI ko dizA de sakatI hai / yaha pAvana vANI aura nizchala, sAttvika anubhUti hI unameM zaktipAta karA sakatI hai aura AtmAvalokana kA mArga sujhA sakatI hai-bhItara jhA~kane kI vidhi / daraasala hamArI saMskRti kI paribhASA hI hai ki bhItara se bAhara Akara aura bAhara ko puna: AtmasAt kara bAhara va bhItara ke sAmaMjasya se jo kucha arjita hotA hai vahI taponiSThA hamArI saMskRti hai| kevala bAhara bhAganA eka khAlIpana hai, zUnya meM bhaTakanA jaisA / vyApaka jIvana cetanA se jo paripAka taiyAra hotA hai, vahI saMskRti hai / yahI sandeza hai, AcAryazrI kA apanI vilakSaNa kRti 'mUkamATI' meN| kintu viDambanA yaha hai ki hama usa zabda dhvani ko nahIM pahacAna pAte aura na usa spandana ko apane meM dhvanita karane kA prayAsa hI karate haiM jo zabda-zabda meM anuguMjita hai| hama kevala usakI mImAMsA, aucitya nirUpaNa, paribhASA kI parakha meM ulajha jAte haiN| unake kavitva ko vyakti cetanA aura yugabodha ke pariprekSya meM samajhane kI ceSTA hI 'mUkamATI' kA kailAsI svara hai-zivatva kI anubhUti / kintu kyA kare abhAgA manuSya, jo apane se bepahacAna, dUsare ko pahacAnane kA prayatna karatA hai-asaphala, niSphala / ___isa mahAgrantha meM avagAhana karanA "jina khojA tina pAiyA~, gahare pAnI paiTha" kI ukti ko sArthaka karanA hai tathA munizrI kI tapasvI vyakti cetanA se udbhUta jIvana cetanA aura yuga saMvedanA ko pahacAnanA hai / kaise miTTI kI gaharAI meM baiThakara usa ke svara ko bhA~pA hai AcAryapravara ne ! nirantara parivrAjana, vicaraNa aura usI meM cintana, manana ne unakI
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________________ 136 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sampUrNatA meM eka adbhuta dIpti AveSTita kara dI hai| isI se udbhUta, vaha Aloka kiraNa jo hama, Apa, sabako andhakAra se prakAza kI ora le jAtI hai / ve dharatI ke kaNa-kaNa kI pahacAna apanI padacApa se karate gatimAn haiM aura caraNoM meM jo pratIti hotI hai mATI kI, vaha unakI kavitva kI anubhUti banakara yuga cetanA kI udbhAvanA karatI hai| ve dharatI kI mATI kI soMdhI gandha meM apanI taponiSThA se jo svara sunate haiM, vaha unheM jagAte haiM, aura mana ko prabuddha kara mAnava kI usa asmitA ke samIpa le jAte haiM jo yugabodha kA caitanya kahalAtA hai| _ 'mUkamATI' kI yahI bhUmi hai, kavitva kA dharAtala / yadi vaha mahAkAvya hai to usakA kathAnaka kyA hai, vaha kyA AkhyAna hai, kyA prabandha hai- ina saba praznoM aura mImAMsA se pare, hameM isa mahAkAvya meM isa mahAdeza kI mahatI saMskRti ke usa svarUpa ko khojanA par3egA jo yuga-yuga se isa deza meM RSi-maniyoM kI cetanA aura tapa kI siddhi rahI hai| isa mahAkAvya meM mATI ke mauna meM eka kathAnaka svayameva [thatA jAtA hai aura pAtra mATI ke samparka meM udbhAsita hokara kathAnaka ke ka ke carama para pahu~ca kara eka niSpatti karA dete haiM kinta isa sabakA darzana karane ke lie carmacakSa ke bhItara jJAnaviveka kI dRSTi aura antarmana kI amalinatA apekSita hogii| nagara-nagara aura Dagara-Dagara kA bhramaNa karane vAle isa prakhara santa ne apane parivrAjana ke daurAna mAnavIya sabhyatA, pragati aura vikAsa kI gati meM vikRtiyA~ dekhIM, mAnavatA ke AvaraNa ke bhItara jhA~ka kara dekhA usa amAnuSikatA ko, jo sAMskRtika kSaraNa kA kAraNa banI hai / bhArata kitanA pAvana thA, kitanI karuNA, dayA, prema, sahiSNutA kI paripUrNatA thI aura aba kyA ho gayA hai mere deza ko, mahAmAnavoM kI isa mATI ko ? kahA~ to prANimAtra ke prati dayA, mamatva kI bhAvanA aura use saMrakSaNa kA AzvAsana / aura kahA~ yaha nirdayatA? RSi vAlmIki tar3apate krauMca aura bilakhatI krauMcI ko dekha kara udvelita hue the, udvigna ho jAte haiM, unakA RSi satya udbhUta hotA hai, yuga vANI bana kara / vizvAmitra bharatabhUmi kI durdazA dekha kara hI pahu~ce the, dazaratha ke paas| "dazaratha ! tuma mujhe rAma de do, maiM tumhArA AryAvarta bacA luuNgaa|" atyAcAra aura anyAya kA pratikAra karane ke lie hamArA santa hI sadaiva sAmane AyA hai / yaha hamArI paramparA, itihAsa hai / Aja phira vahI vadha kI vikRti aura hatyA kI nRzaMsatA sAmane hai| hamAre sAMskRtika jIvana kI mUla cetanA satya, ahiMsA aura karuNA kI pratIti thii| unakI avahelanA aura hamAre poSita saMskAroM kI avamAnanA hote dekhakara santa Akula hotA hai, usakI saMvedanazIlatA use udvelita karatI hai| usakI A~kheM sudUra bhaviSya meM jhA~katI haiM, Ane vAlI zatAbdI meM apanI painI antardRSTi se vaha dekhatA hai| yadi aisA hI hotA rahA to bhArata mA~ kI mATI niSpanda ho jaaegii| usakI mamatva kI soMdhI gandha hI vilIna ho jaaegii| sArI sampadA aura tapa kA arjana hI dhvasta ho jAegA / usakI vyAkulatA eka samartha prakriyA ke rUpa meM phUTatI hai, krAnti vANI kA udghoSa-"mAMsa niryAta banda karo" - "karo yA maro" kA pratIka/paryAya banakara yuga dhvani kA rUpa dhAraNa kara / aisA santa jaba yuga paTala para AtA hai taba krAnti hotI hai-suniyojita, suvicArita / aura nirbhIkatA kI yaha dhvani jAgaraNa kI cetanA bana kara yuga-yugAntara taka gUMjatI hai| isa svara ko pahacAnane kI sAmarthya aura viveka hI santa, tapasvI kI medhA-vANI detI hai aura usakA avataraNa bana jAtA hai yuga satya / kabhI kabIra ne bhI isI prakAra Akroza meM lalakArA thA: "kabirA khar3A bajAra meM lie lukAThI hAtha / jo ghara phUMke ApanA cale hamAre sAtha // " yaha vAstavika ghara nhiiN| bhautika sampatti nhiiN| kabIra ke svara kI yahI pahacAna hai / apane bhItara jo gharauMde bane
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 137 haiM-sattA ke, sampatti ke, mahattvAkAMkSAoM ke, pada kI lolupatA ke tathA jinheM Aja hama, Apa, saba rAjanIti ke ghinaune vAtyAcakra meM dekha rahe haiM, unheM phUMkanA hai yajJa meM, vaha bhI bali dekara nahIM balki usa pAvana agni meM apanI kAmanAoM, lipsAoM aura amAnuSikatA kA svAhA karake / kabIra inhIM gharoM ko phUMkane kI cetanA de rahe haiM, yahI ina zabdoM kI sArthakatA hai, jinheM AtmasAt karake bhItara lauTanA hai, kabIra ke zabdoM ke saath| usI taraha mATI ke mauna meM bhI AcAryazrI kI mukharatA ko sunanA hai, AtmasAt karanA hai 'anahada nAda' kI taraha / kalpanA meM bhI yathArtha kI khojapUrNa cintanA ko pahacAnanA hai / ve bhI kabIra kI bhA~ti apane sAtha calane kA udghoSa kara rahe haiM / parivrAjaka ke rUpa meM nahIM balki saMskRti kI cetanA se caitanya hokara, mAnavIya kalyANa kI USmA pradAna karane ke lie, yuga cetA bana kara tathA mAnavatA ko gati dekara, gantavya kI anubhUti pravaNatA pradAna kara / yahI AcAryazrI kI samUcI pU~jI hai, jo mAnavatA ko arpita hai, tapasiddhi bana kara / aise hI nirAlA ne tulasI ko dekhA thaa| unakI ye paMktiyA~ kitanI saTIka haiM AcAryapravara para bhI, mAnoM unhIM ke lie racI gaI haiM : "isa jaga ke maga ke mukta-prANa gAo-vihaMga !-saddhvanita gAna, tyAgojjIvita, vaha Urca dhyAna, dhArA-stava / " vaha gAna kyA hai, yaha tulasI ne apane yuga meM pahacAnA thaa| nirAlA ne usa anugUMja ko sunA thaa| 'mUkamATI' kA dhvani sandeza kyA hai, ise hameM pahacAnanA hai, usameM DubakiyA~ lagAkara / usa mukharatA ko sahejakara, sa~jokara, samokara / pRSTha 49 are kNkro| mArI se milata to huA - ... mArI nahIM banate tuma kA kAyamA III-IN MIUM
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : mAnava cetanA ke vikAsa kI gAthA DaoN. zarezacandra culakImaTha 'mUkamATI' AcArya vidyAsAgarajI dvArA praNIta dArzanika mahAkAvya hai / yaha jaina dharma ke samyak darzana kA mahAkAvyAtmaka AkhyAna hai / kaI dRSTiyoM se yaha eka ullekhanIya maulika sRSTi hai| isameM adhyAtma darzana hai aura jIvana darzana bhI; tattva cintana hai aura kAvya mImAMsA bhI; alaukikatA kA vizleSaNa bhI aura laukikatA kI carcA bhI, tathA mAnavIya AdarzoM kA bodha bhI hai aura loka vyavahAra kA jJAna bhii| ise darzana kAvya kahA jA sakatA hai jo kAvya darzana se sarvathA rikta nahIM hai / yaha AmadhAraNA rahI hai ki mahAkAvyoM kA yuga lada gayA hai aura yaha samajhA jAtA rahA hai ki Adhunika pariveza mahAkAvya ke vistRta phalaka ko vahana karane meM asamartha hai| kintu phira bhI canda kaviyoM, cintakoM tathA dArzanikoM ne yaha pramANita kiyA hai ki Aja bhI mahAkAvya apanI garimA ko banAe rakhate hue yugIna bhAvabodha aura cintanadhArA ke sAtha sanAtana darzana ko abhivyakti dene meM sakSama rahA hai| una pratibhAzAlI cintanazIla sraSTAoM meM AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kA viziSTa mahattva rahA hai / eka anya kAraNa se bhI yaha kAvya mahattvapUrNa hai / santa kAvya paramparA kI dhArA madhyayuga meM apane carama ujjvala rUpa meM pravAhita huI thI tathA yuga parivartana ke pariNAma svarUpa sahasA lupta ho gaI thI, kintu prastuta kAvya ne yaha siddha kara diyA hai ki vaha dhArA bilakula khatma nahIM huI hai aura vaha to ananta kAla se kAla pravAhoM kI taha meM guptagAminI kI taraha gatizIla rahI hai tathA Adhunika kAla meM yugAnurUpa nava rUpa dhAraNa kara navIna gati aura laya ke sAtha phUTa par3I hai| zrI lakSmIcandrajI jaina kA kathana sahI hai : "AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kI kRti 'mUkamATI' mAtra kavi-karma nahIM hai, yaha eka dArzanika santa kI AtmA kA saMgIta hai-santa jo sAdhanA ke jIvanta pratirUpa haiM aura sAdhanA jo Atma-vizuddhi kI maMz2iloM para sAvadhAnI se paga dharatI huI, lokamaMgala ko sAdhatI hai|" prAcIna jainadharma kI sanAtana paramparA ko AdhAra banAkara likhA gayA yaha kAvya sRjana aura cintana kI dRSTi se kaI staroM para paramparA ko tor3atA bhI hai| mahAkAvya ke kendra meM eka mahAn vyaktitva hotA hai aura mahAn kathAvastu ko lekara kAvya kI racanA kI jAtI hai| kintu, prastuta kAvya meM tuccha samajhI jAne vAlI mATI hai aura vaha bhI mUkamATI usI kI vikAsa gAthA kAvya kA pratipAdya hai / AcAryajI ne laghu kI pratiSThApanA dvArA eka dRSTi se paramparA ko tor3A hai| mUkamATI kumbhakAra ke adbhuta amRtamaya saMsparza se sArthaka rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai, kintu rUpa dhAraNa hI usakA antima lakSya nahIM hai| rUpa dhAraNa karanA, phira arUpa meM vilIna ho jAnA-isI prakriyA meM hI vaha caritArtha hotI hai| yahA~ isa bAta para dhyAna denA Avazyaka hai ki daivI kRpA yA camatkAra se mATI kA uddhAra nahIM hotA / svayaM tapane para hI usakA rUpa nikhara AtA hai| kumbhakAra usake lie Avazyaka sAdhana upalabdha karAkara anukUla vAtAvaraNa kI sRSTi karatA hai aura sahI dizAnirdeza karatA hai| mATI ko hI nirantara kaThora sAdhanA karanI par3atI hai| agni parIkSA ke bAda hI to candana kA sukhada sparza prApta hotA hai / hara eka ko sAdhanA ke kaThora patha para calanA hogA tabhI vaha samyak darzana prApta kregaa| isa darzana ko AcAryajI ne mahAkAvya ke vistRta phalaka para aMkita kiyA hai| isa mahAkAvya ko cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| prathama khaNDa kA zIrSaka hai- 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha dvitIya kA-'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM tRtIya kA- 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' aura caturtha kA - 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha / ' ye zIrSaka hI sAdhanA patha ke cAra mahattvapUrNa sopAnoM ko saMketita karate haiN| pahale mATI varNa-saMkara se mukta hokara varNa-lAbha kara letI hai| yahA~ varNa rUr3ha artha meM prayukta nahIM huA hai| prakRti ke sahaja rUpa dhAraNa karane kI prakriyA ke phalasvarUpa mATI vizuddha rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai| isa taraha ananta sAdhanA patha kA Arambha bindu hai yaha avasthA aura yaha vaha prasthAna bindu bhI hai jahA~ se vaha Urdhva cetanAvasthA kI ora agrasara hotI hai| varNalAbha aura varNa-saMkara ke antara ko bar3e hI mArmika DhaMga se batAyA gayA hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 139 "nIra kA kSIra bananA hI/varNa-lAbha hai,/varadAna hai| aura/kSIra kA phaTa jAnA hI/varNa-saMkara hai/abhizApa hai|" (pR. 49) mATI abhizApa se mukti pAkara varadAna kA varaNa karatI hai| dUsare khaNDa meM kumbhakAra dvArA miTTI ko kumbha ke rUpa meM DhAlane kI vibhinna prakriyAoM kA varNana hai / yahA~ santakavi kI kAvya cetanA ke vividha AyAma ujAgara hue haiM, dArzanika cintana aura adhyAtma bodha ke sAtha rasAnubhUti, saundarya prajJA, abhivyaMjanA kauzala kA manohArI rUpa dekhane ko milatA hai / bodha kA zodha ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAne ko hI zabda kI sArthakatA batAI gaI hai| matalaba arthabodha kriyA meM, AcaraNa meM pariNata hokara karma se sampRkta ho jAtA hai / bodha se zodha kI ora kA yaha saMkramaNa eka maulika udbhAvanA hai| AcAryajI ne sabala tarka ke sAtha kriyA ke, AcaraNa ke tathA karma ke mahattva ko sthApita kiyA hai| tIsare khaNDa meM apane vikAsa krama meM mATI kisa taraha anupama upalabdhiyoM ko prApta karatI hai, isakA aMkana kiyA gayA hai / usakA sunizcita lakSya rahA hai- "nirantara sAdhanA kI yAtrA/bheda se abheda kI ora/veda se aveda kI ora/bar3hatI hai, bar3hanI hI caahie"(pR.267)| cauthe khaNDa meM kumbha bane mATI ke avA meM tapakara sampUrNa rUpa se zuddhatA prApta karane tathA etat dvArA pUrNatA kI avasthA taka pahu~cane kI kathA bar3e hI rocaka DhaMga se batAI gaI hai / tape jAne kI prakriyA kA agni parIkSA se guz2are binA sAdhanA pUrI nahIM hogI aura kumbhakAra kI kalpanA sAkAra nahIM hogii| pakA, tapA kumbha tabhI to taiyAra hogA / isa khaNDa meM itane kathA sandarbha haiM aura kathA vivRtti ke itane stara tathA AyAma haiM ki una sabakA vizleSaNa yahA~ sambhava nahIM hai| mATI kumbha ke rUpa meM Dhalakara aisI avasthA prApta karatI hai jisameM use zAzvata adhivAsa prApta hotA hai| kavi kahatA hai : ".."bandhana-rUpa kktana,/mana aura vacana kA/AmUla miTa jAnA hI/mokSa hai| isI kI zuddha-dazA meM/avinazvara sukha hotA hai/jise prApta hone ke bAda,/yahA~/saMsAra meM AnA kaise sambhava hai..!" (pR. 486-487) isa prakAra mATI kI isa kathA ke mAdhyama se miTTI ke putale mAnava ke bhautika, mAnasika, Atmika, cetanAtmaka tathA AdhyAtmika vikAsa gAthA aMkita kI gaI hai| isakA AdhArabhUta dharAtala jaina darzana rahA hai / yahA~ dArzanikatA mAtra cintana ke dharAtala para hI nahIM apitu anubhUti aura sAmAjika bodha ke stara para bhI abhivyakta huI hai| mujhe isa kAvya meM nihita adhyAtma cintana se bar3hakara loka vyavahAra kI bAteM, sAmAjika dAyitva kA bodha tathA yugIna cetanA adhika AkarSita kara sakI hai| eka macchara dvArA mAnavocita AcaraNa tathA sAmAjika dAyitva kA bodha karAte hae AcAryajI kahate haiM : "...kheda hai ki/lobhI pApI mAnava/pANigrahaNa ko bhI prANa-grahaNa kA rUpa dete haiN|/praay: anucita rUpa se/sevakoM se sevA lete/aura vetana kA vitaraNa bhI anucita hii|/ye apane ko batAte/manu kI santAna ! mahAmanA mAnava !/dene kA nAma sunate hI/inake udAra hAthoM meM pakSAghAta ke lakSaNa dikhane lagate haiM,/phira bhI, ekAdha bUMda ke rUpa meM jo kucha diyA jAtA/yA denA par3atA/vaha durbhAvanA ke sAtha hii|"(pR.386-387) AdhunikatA se anuprANita Aja ke kaviyoM ke dvArA vartamAna jIvana kI vivRttiyoM, vidrUpatAoM aura visaMgatiyoM para kie gae vyaMgya kI taraha AcAryajI kA yaha kAvya samakAlIna samAja vyavasthA kI zalyacikitsA karatA-sA pratIta hotA hai / zoSaNazIla vyavasthA ke aise citraNa adhyAtma cintana ko yathArthatA kA Thosa dharAtala prastuta karate haiM / aisI
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________________ 140 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA paMktiyA~ darzana pakSa ko kamaz2ora nahIM balki use aura bhI puSTa evaM grAhya banAtI haiN| eka jagaha para AcAryajI gaNatantra ke khokhalepana ko nirUpita karate hue kahate haiM : "kabhI-kabhI hama banAI jAtI/kar3I se aura kar3I char3I aparAdhiyoM kI piTAI ke lie|/praay: aparAdhI-jana baca jAte niraparAdha hI piTa jAte,/aura unheM/pITate-pITate TUTatI hm| ise hama gaNatantra kaise kaheM ?/yaha to zuddha 'dhanatantra' hai/yA manamAnA 'tantra hai !" (pR. 271) ye paMktiyA~ isa tathya ko pramANita karatI haiM ki darzana evaM adhyAtma cetanA se anuprANita AcAryajI ke bhItara eka yathArthacetA kavi vidyamAna rahA hai| jaina darzana meM aparigraha ko sarvAdhika mahattva diyA gayA hai / vaha to usakA AdhArabhUta tattva rahA hai / yaha kama Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai ki mArksavAdI siddhAnta, jo ki vizuddha bhautikatAvAdI vaijJAnika cintana hai, meM 'aparigraha' ko atyanta mahattva diyA gayA hai / aparigraha ke tyAga kA pariNAma zoSaNa hai / bhale hI zoSaNa ko miTAne ke mArga alaga-alaga kyoM na hoM, kintu zoSaNa ke mUla ke sambandha meM jo buniyAdI bAta kahI gaI hai, vaha eka sI hai| hA~, usakI avadhAraNAe~ bilakula viparIta haiN| kahane kA matalaba yaha hai ki prastuta kAvya dArzanika cintana ko pratipAdita karane vAlA hone para bhI isameM sAmAjika jIvana ke bhautika pakSa kA udghATana bhI kiyA gayA hai tathA isameM samAja cintana ke aise bindu nihita haiM jo yathArtha jIvana se jur3e hue haiN| isa kAvya meM upAdAna se bar3hakara nimitta kA mahattva rahA hai, kyoMki miTTI ke loMde kA kumbha kA sArthaka rUpa dhAraNa karane meM nimitta kA yAnI bAhya upakaraNoM kI kriyAzIlatA anivArya batAI gaI hai / alaukika AbhA se maNDita IzvarIya sattA ke prati adhika utsuka zraddhAlu hRdaya kI bhAva vidagdhatA se bar3hakara karmalIna AsthAvAn AtmA kA niSkAma samarpita AcaraNa mujhe adhika mUlyavAn lagatA hai / lakSya to mahAn hai, alaukika hai kintu sAdhana kama pAvanamaya aura AlokapUrNa nahIM haiN| ata: acetana kI pukAra mahAn siddhi ko prApta karane kI hai to cetana kA Agraha sAdhana ko sArthaka dizA kI ora le jAne meN| ___isa mahAkAvya meM AcArya vidyAsAgara kI adbhuta kAvyakalA ke darzana milate haiM / zabdoM ke arthoM kI taheM jhA~kanevAlI unakI arthabhedI dRSTi se sAdhAraNa-sA zabda bhI vilakSaNa arthagaurava prApta kara abhibhUta ho uThA hai / unhoMne zabdoM ko nayA saMskAra diyA hai / eka siddha kavi hI aisA kara sakatA hai / mukta chanda meM racita yaha kAvya kahIM bhI kAvyazAstrIya bandhanoM meM jakar3A huA nahIM hai| mahAkAvya kI vidhA ko AcAryajI ne muktAvasthA kA varadAna pradAna kiyA hai| isa kAvya kA eka vizeSa ullekhanIya vilakSaNa guNa yaha hai ki ise kahIM se bhI par3hA jA sakatA hai| artha paramparA khaNDita nahIM hotI hai / AcAryajI ne mahAkAvya ko eka nayA muhAvarA diyA hai| isameM nihita bimba vidhAna, pratIka yojanA, zabda prayoga, cintana paddhati kabIra kI yAda dilAtI hai / kAvya meM yukta Apta vacana, sUtra vAkya, vaktavya Adi kavi ke cintana kI saphAI aura abhivyakti kI sAdagI ko prakaTa karate haiM / rasa paripAka, vAk vaicitrya, vANI kI vidagdhatA, ramaNIka abhivyaMjanA, anuprAsa kI ghaTA, alaMkAroM kA saundarya Adi zRMgAra kaviyoM kI yAda dilAte haiM (kAvya ke bhautika pakSa kI dRSTi se) kintu vAgvilAsa isameM nahIM ke barAbara hai| yaha kalAtmaka saMyama jo hai, vaha AcAryajI ke vyaktitva ke kAraNa hai| vizuddha kAvya premiyoM ke lie bhI yaha atyanta sarasa kAvya siddha hogaa| isa prakAra yaha kAvya darzana se bojhila nahIM hai, cintana se AkrAnta nahIM hai aura na hI tattva mImAMsA se AtaMkita hai| isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki 'mUkamATI' Adhunika hindI sAhitya kI eka vaiziSTyapUrNa kAvya kRti hai| [di jarnala oNpha di karnATaka yUnivarsiTI (KXXIV-1990-91), karnATaka yUnivarsiTI, dhAravAr3a, kanArTaka]
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : bhoga se yoga kI ora prasthAna kA eka anupama mahAkAvya pro. (DaoN.) phUlacanda jaina 'premI' jaina saMskRti aura dharma-darzana kI ajasra-dhArA bhArata meM AdikAla se hI samRddha rUpa meM pravAhita hai| kabhI vrAtya, kabhI Arhat to kabhI zramaNa Adi vibhinna rUpoM meM isa saMskRti ne sampUrNa janamAnasa ko lokamaMgala kI bhAvanA se sadaiva otaprota kiyA hai / ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha-ina vratoM para AdhArita naitika mUlyoM vAlI prAkvaidikakAlIna 'vrAtya saMskRti' ne bhArata kI vibhinna sAMskRtika, dhArmika, dArzanika evaM sAhityika paramparAoM ko mAtra gaharAI se prabhAvita hI nahIM kiyA apitu sacce arthoM meM bhAratIyatA kA svarUpa bhI pradAna kiyA hai / jainAcAryoM ne bhArata kI prAyaH sabhI prAcIna bhASAoM meM sAhitya kI sabhI vidhAoM para vizAla sAhitya-sRjana karake bhAratIya vAGmaya kI zrIvRddhi kI hai| isI paramparA meM digambara jainAcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja dvArA rASTrabhASA hindI meM praNIta 'mUkamATI' nAmaka mahanIya kAvyagrantha bhoga se yoga kI ora prasthAna kA eka anupama mahAkAvya hai| jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa meM bIsavIM zatI isalie atyadhika mahattvapUrNa sArthaka siddha huI, kyoMki eka ora jahA~ vizAla prAcIna Agama tathA Agametara sAhitya ko Adhunika yuga ke anurUpa sampAdana, anuvAda, vivecana, samIkSAtmaka evaM tulanAtmaka adhyayana tathA anusandhAna kA mahat kArya jitane vizAla stara para huA, vahIM vibhinna bhASAoM meM sAhitya kA nava-sRjana bhI kama mAtrA meM nahIM huaa| isa prakAra ke sAhitya se rASTrabhASA hindI ke vizAla bhaNDAra kI samRddhi meM cAra cA~da to avazya hI lage haiM / mUlataH ahindI bhASI (kannar3a bhASI) hokara bhI AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI dvArA praNIta 'narmadA kA narama kaMkara', 'totA kyoM rotA ?', 'DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI', 'cetanA ke gaharAva meM' evaM 'mUkamATI' jaisI zreSTha kAvyakRtiyA~, aneka prAkRta-apabhraMza tathA saMskRta granthoM ke padyAnuvAda ke sAtha hI ApakI aneka gadya kRtiyA~ bhI lokapriya ho cukI haiN| inakI racanAe~ inake zreSTha cintana-manana, gahana tAttvika jJAna evaM saMyama kI paricAyaka haiN| itane vizAla zramaNa saMgha ke anuzAstA tathA vividha uttaradAyitvoM ke bIca hokara bhI apane racanA-dharmitA rUpa maulika svarUpa se ve nirantara andara se jur3e rahate haiN| hajAroM zrAvaka-bhaktoM se ghire raha kara bhI ve nirlipta bhAva se apane sAhitya praNayana meM lage rahate haiN| mujhe svayaM aneka varSoM se varSa meM do-tIna bAra unake sAnnidhya se lAbhAnvita hone kA saubhAgya prApta hotA hai| kaI racanAoM ko unake zrImukha se bhI unake racanA kAla meM sunA hai, sAtha hI racanA ke samaya ke anubhava bhii| unase hI sunA gayA unakA yaha anubhava aba taka yAda hai ki digambara jaina siddhakSetra nainAgirijI (chatarapura, ma.pra.) meM jaba kisI kAvya kI racanA ke samaya eka sthala para zabda yojanA kI saMgati baiTha nahIM pA rahI thI aura rAtri meM usI kA cintana karate hue yoga nidrA meM lIna hue, taba svapna meM hI usakI zabda yojanA susaMgata ho gii| prAta: jAgakara unhoMne sabase pahale use pUrA kiyaa| 'mUkamATI' bhI lIka se haTakara navIna sarjanA kA eka cunautI pUrNa vaha mahAkAvya hai jisase kAvya sRjana ke aneka nae AyAma udghATita hote haiN| sAmAnyatayA hindI ke kucha Adhunika kAvya par3hakara to lagatA hai ki lekhaka apanI buddhi ko kaSTa dene meM bhI kaMjUsI kara rahA hai / kyoMki sAhitya meM bauddhika UrjA honA Avazyaka hai, anyathA jyoM-jyoM bauddhika UrjA kama hotI jAtI hai, usakA stara bhI giratA jAtA hai / AcAryazrI ke isa kAvya meM Atmodaya kI bauddhika UrjA hai aura isameM hai eka AdhyAtmika evaM dArzanika prayatna se gambhIra aura Urjita ho uThane vAlI vaannii| isIlie unakA yaha kAvya 'zikSA' nahIM apitu vaha Atma darzana hai, jo racanA ke rAstoM se jAtA hai / AcAryazrI ne 'mAnasa-taraMga' zIrSaka se apane Adya vaktavya
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________________ 142 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA meM svayaM likhA hai : "...yaha vaha sRjana hai jisakA sAttvika sAnnidhya pAkara rAgAtireka se bharapUra zRMgAra-rasa ke jIvana meM bhI vairAgya kA ubhAra AtA hai, jisameM laukika alaMkAra alaukika alaMkAroM se alaMkRta hue haiM; ...jisane zuddhasAttvika bhAvoM se sambandhita jIvana ko dharma kahA hai; jisakA prayojana sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanaitika aura dhArmika kSetroM meM praviSTa huI kurItiyoM ko nirmUla karanA aura yuga ko zubha-saMskAroM se saMskArita kara bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a dekara vItarAga zramaNa-saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA hai aura jisakA nAmakaraNa huA hai 'muukmaattii'|" / 'mUkamATI' mAtra eka kAvya hI nahIM hai apitu usa samagra AdhyAtmika saMskRti ke utkarSa kA vaha mahAkAvya hai, jisane isa vidhA ke ba~dhe-ba~dhAe lakSaNoM, paribhASAoM aura paramparAoM meM pUrNata: na ba~dhakara bhI racanAdharmitA ke nirvAha meM pUrNa saphalatA prApta kI hai| sAtha hI apanI Agamika paramparAoM ke vismRta mUlabhUta tattvoM ko saheja kara pratIkAtmaka rUpa meM 'mUkamATI' ko AdhAra banAkara samagratA ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai / isIlie kavi kI vANI mukharita huI kaha uThatI hai : "mATI kI zAlInatA/kucha dezanA detI-sI ! mahAsattA-mA~ kI gaveSaNA/samIcInA eSaNA aura/saMkIrNa-sattA kI virecanA/avazya karanI hai tumheM ! artha yaha huA-/laghutA kA tyajana hI gurutA kA yajana hI/zubha kA sRjana hai|" (pR. 51) 'mUkamATI' ke mAdhyama se kavi ne zrama, saMyama aura tapa:sAdhanA kI AdhyAtmika triveNI ke rUpa meM zramaNasaMskRti kI amara gAthA prastuta karate hue kahA hai : "kaMkaroM kI prArthanA sunakara/mATI kI muskAna mukharita huI : saMyama kI rAha calo/rAhI bananA hI to/hIrA bananA hai, svayaM rAhI zabda hI/viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hairAhI hI "rA/aura/itanA kaThora bananA hogA/ki tana aura mana ko/tapa kI Aga meM/tapA-tapA kara jalA-jalA kara/rAkha karanA hogA/yatanA ghora karanA hogA tabhI kahIM cetana-AtmA/kharA utregaa|" (pR. 56-57) 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM nAmaka dvitIya khaNDa meM kavi ne jahA~ kAvya rasoM ko sArthaka rUpa meM paribhASita karate hue prastuta kiyA hai, vahIM kavi ne apanI sarasvatI-sama lekhanI ke dvArA zIta, vasantAdi RtuoM kA vivecana apane vivecya viSaya ke mAdhyama se bar3e hI sahaja tathA manojJa bhAva se kiyA hai / tIvra zItakAla kI rAta meM bhI eka mAtra sUta kA sastA cAdara tana para DAla kara zilpI kumbhakAra rAtri ko vyatIta kara rahA hai / tabhI mATI karuNAvaza zilpI se kaha uThatI hai : "kAyA to kAyA hai/jar3a kI chAyA-mAyA hai/lagatI hai jAyA-sI.. so"/kama se kama eka kambala to"/kAyA para le lo nA !" (pR. 92) mATI ke isa kathana para zilpI kumbhakAra kA puruSArthapUrNa sahaja Atmabala jAga uThatA hai aura vaha mATI se
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 143 kahatA hai: "kama balavAle hI/kambala vAle hote haiM aura kAma ke dAsa hote haiN|/hm balavAle haiM/rAma ke dAsa hote haiM aura/rAma ke pAsa sote haiN|/kmbl kA sambala Avazyaka nahIM hameM/sastI sUtI-cAdara kA hI/Adara karate hama!" (pR. 92) RtuoM ke mAdhyama se prakRti kA prabhAvaka aMkana bhI eka hetu hai, kyoMki sAhitya jagat kI itivRttAtmakatA se kavi kisI virAma-vizrAma-sthala kI khoja kisI na kisI rUpa meM karatA avazya hai| isa kAvya ke yogI kavi bhI eka ora jahA~ AtmaramaNa, AtmalInatA ke kSaNoM meM ananta catuSTaya jaisI apUrva AnandAnubhUti prApta karate haiM, vahIM udyata hote bAhya jagat meM anAdikAla se mAnava kI sahacarI prakRti ke nAnA dRzya kavi ke hRdaya ko Atmavibhora kie binA kaise raha sakate haiN| prakRti ke ina dRzyoM kI sampUrNa saumyatA, vizAlatA, gambhIratA, zItalatA aura komalatA Adi guNa mUka rUpa se nirantara sahRdayatA evaM preraNA pradAna karate haiM aura kavi kI manobhAvanAe~ samasta prakRti ko sameTakara lekhanI dvArA pravAhita ho uThatI haiN| vastuta: manuSya kI cittavRtti sadA eka sI nahIM rahatI / vaha kabhI sAMsArika kSaNika sukha meM apane ko lIna mAna letA hai, to kabhI sarvAdhika sukhI manuSyoM meM apanI gaNanA karatA hai kintu thor3e hI samaya bAda duHkha ke kAle bAdala cAroM ora chAe naz2ara Ane lagate haiN| sukha aura duHkha, saMyoga-viyoga ye jIvana ke do mukhya pahalU haiN| phira bhI mAnava jIvana kI yathArthatA samajhe binA moha ke vazIbhUta ho paraspara ghAta-pratighAta aura na mAlUma kyA-kyA karatA hai ? kavi ne kahA bhI "moha-bhUta ke vazIbhUta hue/kabhI kisI taraha bhI kisI ke vaza meM nahIM Ate ye,/durAzayI haiM, duSTa rahe haiM durAcAra se puSTa rahe haiM,/dUsaroM ko duHkha dekara tuSTa hote haiM, tRpta hote haiM,/dUsaroM ko dekhate hI ruSTa hote haiM, tapta hote haiM,/pratizodha kI vRtti ina kI sahajA - janmajA hai/vaira-virodha kI granthi ina kI khulatI nahIM jhaTa se |/nirdossoN meM doSa lagAte haiM santoSoM meM roSa jagAte haiM/vandyoM kI bhI nindA karate haiM zubha karmoM ko andhe karate haiN|" (pR. 229) aneka sthaloM para gaharI vyaMgyoktiyA~ bhI paThanIya haiM : "are suno!/koSa ke zramaNa bahuta bAra mile haiM hoza ke zramaNa hote virale hI,/aura/usa samatA se kyA prayojana jisameM itanI bhI kSamatA nahIM hai/jo samaya para, bhayabhIta ko abhaya de sake,/zraya-rIta ko Azraya de ske|" (pR. 361)
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________________ 144 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 0 "eka ke prati rAga karanA hI/dUsaroM ke prati dveSa siddha karatA hai, jo rAgI hai aura dveSI bhI,/santa ho nahIM sakatA vaha/aura nAma-dhArI santa kI upAsanA se/saMsAra kA anta ho nahIM sakatA, sahI santa kA upahAsa aura hogaa|" (pR. 363) 'mUkamATI' pratyeka ke lie sahaja kAvya nahIM apitu ati gambhIra hai / kavi zabda zilpI banakara anaginata zabdoM ko isa rUpa meM prastuta karate haiM ki pAThaka Azcarya meM par3a jAtA hai ki itane sAdhAraNa zabda ulaTa-palaTa kara yA sIdhe hI kitane asAdhAraNa rUpa meM prastuta kie gae haiN| 'sAhitya' zabda ko dekhie : "zilpI ke zilpaka-sA~ce meM/sAhitya zabda DhalatA-sA ! hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai aura/sahita kA bhAva ho/sAhitya bAnA hai / " (pR. 110-111) prastuta mahAkAvya meM jaina paramparA ke una aneka pAribhASika zabdoM kA bhI susaMgata prayoga kiyA hai jinakA prayoga Adhunika kAvya meM kaThina yA pracalana ke bAhara kA mAnakara prAyaH samApta-sA ho rahA thaa| isIlie isa mahAkAvya kI gahana-gambhIratA ko samajhane ke lie una zabdoM aura unakI paribhASAoM se bhI paricita honA Avazyaka hai| ___ isa taraha yaha Atmodaya kA anupama mahAkAvya hai, sAtha hI yoga kI dizA meM prasthAna kA uttama mahAkAvya bhI hai, jisameM jitanI DubakI lagAe~ge utane hI talasparzI jJAna se Alokita hote rheNge| yugoM-yugoM taka cira-navIna banakara yaha amara mahAkAvya manISiyoM ke adhyayana, cintana-manana aura gaveSaNA kA kendrabindu banakara sAhitya jagat ko gauravAnvita karegA, isI maMgala kAmanA ke sAtha mUkamATI ke yazasvI gAyaka pUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ko koTizaH namostu / pRSTha 56 jIca meM hI karoMkI ora se... ...... aura kharA banekaMcana-sA !"
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________________ svacchanda yathArtha ke sAtha bauddhika lAkSaNikatA kA samanvaya : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. kedAra nAtha pANDeya "lambI, gagana cUmatI vyAkhyA se/mUla kA mUlya kama hotA hai sahI mUlyAMkana guma hotA hai|/maatraanukuul bhale hii| dugdha meM jala milA lo/dugdha kA mAdhurya kama hotA hai avazya ! jala kA cAturya jama jAtA hai rasanA para!" (pR. 109) 'uttara mImAMsA' se arthAt jJAnakANDa se nayanonmIlana karane vAle AcAryapravara vidyAsAgara kI 'mUkamATI' aisI mATI kI kathA nahIM hai jise pustaka ke AvaraNa pRSTha para nirIha,padadalita, vyathita vastu kahA gayA hai| yaha eka AkSepapadAkSepa-pratikSepa kI vastu nhiiN| 'mUkamATI' kI mATI kI sattA kA sahI citra una locanoM meM aMkita hI nahIM ho sakate jinameM vicAroM kI aisI vallariyA~ hotI haiM jo kisI zailI vizeSa meM krodha aura virodha ke sAtha pratikriyA, pragati evaM du:khavAda ko janma detI haiN| jo puruSa samasta karmoM ko prakRti ke Azrita dekhatA hai aura AtmA ko akartA samajhatA hai, vahI dekhatA hai| "prakRtyaiva ca karmANi kriyamANAni srvshH| yaH pazyati tathAtmAnamakatariM sa pazyati // " (gItA, 13/26) aura vahI isa mATI ko bhI dekhatA hai / kaNAda muni pravartita vaizeSika (padArthoM ke bhedoM kA bodhaka) darzana ke anusAra padArtha use kahate haiM jo pratIti se siddha ho / unake anusAra dravya nau haiM-"pRthivyapastejovAyurAkAzaM kAlo digAtmA mana iti dravyANi' (1.1.5)- arthAt pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, AkAza, kAla, dizA, AtmA aura mana / pRthivI ke kAraNa niravayava sUkSma paramANu haiM / ye paramANu nitya haiN| unakA kArya rUpa sthUla bhUmi hai| bhUmi anitya hai| pRthivI meM cAra guNoM kA samAveza hai- gandha, rUpa, rasa evaM sparza / pRthivI kI racanA ke kAraNa nitya sUkSma paramANu ke kArya rUpa sthUla bhUmi hI mahAjJAnI vidyAsAgara kI 'mUkamATI' kA darzana hai / sAdhaka kavi ne gaharAI evaM caturAI se SaDdarzana samanvaya ke prayAsa apanI ati Adhunika zailI meM kie haiN| isa prayAsa meM unake bhavya vyaktitva evaM sughara kalAkRtitva kA raMga bhI mukhara ho gayA hai| zramahArA ke sabala-sainya bala se jotI, boI jAne vAlI mATI ke atirikta bhI isa dharA-vasundharA ke vakSa-kakSa meM palatI mATI ke asaMkhya rUpa haiN| kavi ne kAvya prasaMgoM ke kara se kevala unhIM rUpoM ko zabdoM ke raMga se bharA hai jinakA prayojana 'mUkamATI' kI kathA kI gatizIlatA ke lie hai| ___sAmAnya jana ke mAnasa kA sparza karane ke lie kavi ne sahRdayatA pUrvaka saritA taTa kI mATI ko "sukhamuktA/duHkha-yuktA" kahA hai / tiraskRta, parityaktA ke sAtha "viparItA hai isakI bhAgya rekhA" (pR. 4) bhI kahA hai| kavi kA darzana isI 'viparItA' ke sAtha hai| tiraskRta-parityaktA kaha kara kavi ne caturAI se usa jana-samudAya kI ora sahAnubhUti kI dRSTi se dekhA hai jo karmoM ke AdhAra para inase jur3e hue haiN| bhArata ke gauravazAlI atIta ke svarNamukuTa aura rAjamukuTa prArthanA karate the-"kardamena prajAbhUtA mayi sambhava kardama"- kardama-kIcar3a se samasta prajA sampadA kI sRSTi huI hai, ata: mujhe kIcar3a banA do| avilamba mATI ke ubhare, puSTa, dRSTabhAla para kavi kI dRSTi jAtI hai| use vizvAsa ke caraNa vijaya-dhvaja lie Age bar3hate dikhAI par3ate haiM- "avikalpI hai vaha/dRr3ha-saMkalpI mAnava/...isa zilpa ke kAraNa/corI ke doSa se vaha/sadA mukta rahatA hai|/...isne/apnii saMskRti ko/vikRta nahIM banAyA" (pR. 27) /
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________________ 146 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'mUkamATI' ke prArambha meM hI eka saMketa saMyojita hai| lagatA hai ki nIlimA-nIravatA, nizA-uSA ke pArthiva samparka ke pIche chipa kara koI preraNA-patra likhakara kavi ke tana-mana ko chU letA hai aura usakI nirbhayA mukta-kuntalA kalA 'mUkamATI' ke prathama toraNa kA nirmANa karatI hai / isa grantha meM bhAvoM kI vizAlatA, sAdhaka kI mArmikatA, karmayogI ke tattva vidhAna meM saMyojita sevA-zilpa ke sAtha gumphita niSThA Adi ke sAtha kavi kI AtmamukhI anubhUti svayaM vyaMjita huI hai / gUDha viSayoM kI vyaMjanA bhI gUr3hatA ke raMga meM nahIM kI gaI hai| isameM lakSita-alakSita preraNA ke citra haiN| sphuTa-asphuTa bhAvoM ke citra haiN| bhAvAdarzoM ke bandhana ke citra haiM / sUkSma bhAvoM, vicAroM, kalpanAoM, tarko ko bhI caritra kA prakAza dekara prastuta kiyA gayA hai| mAnava loka kI nAnA vRttiyoM evaM pravRttiyoM ke dvandva kA sUkSma evaM saphala vizleSaNa bhI kiyA gayA hai| upasthita viSaya kA tarka-saMgata khaNDana ke sAtha usake anukUla anuzIlana evaM maNDana bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| kavi ke mUla tarka kI paramparA saMgata evaM svAbhAvika hai| mahAkavi vidyAsAgara pUrvavartI sAhityakAroM tathA unake vicAra tantra aura sAhitya sampadA se pUrNa paricita haiN| unake vicAra tantra kI vizAlatA Adi kAla ke siddhoM-santoM ke sannidhi se hotI huI bhakti kAla, rIti kAla aura Adhunika kAla taka phailI huI hai / hindI sAhitya ke sampUrNa itihAsa kI jhalaka apanI dRSTi meM rakha kara grantha kA vidhAna niyojita hai| eka bAta yahA~ AkarSaka jAna par3atI hai ki bhAratIya vAGmaya kI kisI bhI paramparA ko kavi ne pitRdhana ke rUpa meM nahIM svIkAra kiyA hai, pratyut saba kucha pratyakSata: apanA banAkara prastuta kiyA hai / dRr3ha vizvAsoM evaM saMskAroM ko rUr3higata prAcIra se bAhara lAkara prastuta kiyA hai / siddha sAhitya ke mAnadaNDoM evaM vizvAsoM ko vartamAna pariveza meM dekhA hai| AdikAla kA apara abhidhAna vIra gAthAoM kA abhidhAna hai / isameM kalpanA bAhulya hai| 'mUkamATI' meM kalpanA kA kama, bhAvanA aura cetanA ko vizeSa sthAna diyA gayA hai / bhakti-kAla kI pRSThabhUmi vistRta, tatkAlIna rAjanIti se prabhAvita hai / usa kAla ke kaviyoM ne paristhitiyoM meM parivartana lAne ke lie tathA AtmakalyANa kI bhAvanA se apane ArAdhya devatA ke sAtha kAvya devatA kA zRMgAra kiyaa| AcArya vidyAsAgara ne vartamAna dama ghuTAne vAlI, durgandhamaya, khUnI, vidveSabharI, abhAvabharI, zoSaNonmukha paristhitiyoM meM parivartana lAne ke lie jana-samAja-kalyANa ko dhyAna meM rakha kara isa grantha meM parokSa Andolana kA saMketa kiyA hai / kavi ne bauddhoM meM pracchanna bauddha, jainoM meM pracchanna jaina, santoM meM pracchanna santa, kaviyoM meM pracchanna kavi aura sudhArakoM meM pracchanna sudhAraka bana kara bhakta kaviyoM kI taraha nahIM, mukta kaviyoM kI taraha A~kheM khola kara qalama calAI hai / grantha meM kahIM bhI koI aisA prasaMga nahIM hai jo sAmpradAyikatA ke raMga ke moha meM phaMsA ho / 'hastinA pIDyamAno'pi na gacchet jainamandiram" ke bhItara chipI sAmpradAyikatA kI chAyA se bhI kavi dUra hai| kavi vAda ke vivAda se bhI mukta hai| kahIM koI kuNThA nhiiN| isameM kabIra kI taraha abhivyakti meM anubhUti pakSa kI pradhAnatA hai / darzana se prabhAvita hote hue bhI dArzanika zuSkatA nahIM hai / kAvya kI sarasatA ke sAtha alaMkAroM kA anAyAsa praveza ho gayA hai| grantha meM kahIM bhI vicArAtmaka aura AcArAtmaka AsthA kA virodha nahIM hai / bhAvoM kI sabala vyaMjanA meM loka pakSa evaM bhAratIya saMskRti kA mukhara samarthana parivyaMjita huA hai : "pazcimI sabhyatA/AkramaNa kI niSedhikA nahIM hai/apitu ! AkramaNa-zIlA garIyasI hai/jisakI A~khoM meM / vinAza kI lIlA vibhISikA/ghUratI rahatI hai sadA sadoditA aura/mahAmanA jisa ora/abhiniSkramaNa kara gaye
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 147 saba kucha taja kara, vana gaye/nagna, apane meM magna bana gaye usI ora"/unhIM kI anukrama-nirdezikA bhAratIya saMskRti hai/sukha-zAnti kI pravezikA hai|" (pR. 102-103) kabIra kI taraha dhArmika rUr3hiyoM aura ADambaroM kA khaNDana bhI apane DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai| kahIM-kahIM kavi ne kabIra kI taraha kI gUr3ha udbhAvanAe~ bhI sarala DhaMga se kI haiM : "are pAtako, Thaharo!/pApa kA phala pAnA hai tumheM dharma kA colA pahana kara/adharma kA dhana chupAne vAlo!" (pR. 426) kabIra ne likhA hai : "kA jaTA bhasama lepana kiye kahA guphA meM bAsa / mana jItyA jaga jItie jo viSayA rahai udAsa // " zabda cayana evaM prayoga meM bhI kabIra ke vyaktitva kI taraha kavi kA vyaktitva hai| khar3I bolI ke vAGmaya meM aise zabda vidhAna kama dikhAI par3ate haiN| zabdoM ke prayoga meM kavi ko adhikAra prApta hai, dekhie : "mUla-gamya nahIM huA/cUla-ramya nahIM lagA ise/bar3I bhUla bana par3I isase / pratikUla pada bar3ha gaye/bahuta dUra "piiche|" (pR. 108) kabIra sAhitya kI abhivyaktiyoM meM se eka abhivyakti kI (saMkSiptatA ke lie) tulanA karane se patA calatA hai ki AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI viSaya niSThA bhI kabIra jaisI hI hai : "kabIra gorakha govyaMdau, mana hI aughar3a hoi / je mana rAkhai jatana kari, to Apai karatA soi // " (kabIra) "sthira mana hI vaha/mahAmantra hotA hai/aura asthira mana hI/pApatantra svacchanda hotA hai, eka sukha kA sopAna hai/eka du:kha kA so pAna hai|" (pR. 109) bhakti-kAla ke pramukha kaviyoM evaM santoM ne mAnava jIvana ko duHkha mukta karane ke lie jina viSayoM kA sampAdana kiyA hai, unameM kaI prasaMga aise haiM jinheM 'mUkamATI' meM kavi ne apane aura paristhiti ke anukUla DhaMga se citrita kiyA hai| bhakti-kAla ke kaviyoM kA antarjagat aura bahirjagat donoM kI sImA vistRta thI / bahirjagat kI arjita anubhUti hI kalpanAoM kA indradhanuSa banAne meM sahAyaka hotI hai| kavi ke bhItara Ane vAlI kalpanA kA udgAra bahirjagat kI anubhUti kI sImA ke bhItara hI rahatI hai| sukha-prema-satyatA-kalyANakAritA Adi kI anubhUtiyA~ kavi kI antarjagat sampadA haiN| inakI abhivyakti ke lie bAhara vistRta jagat se jur3e zabdoM kA hI sahArA lenA par3atA hai| jo mUrta banakara miTa jAtA hai vahI zabdoM kA itihAsa bana jAtA hai| kAlidAsa ke varNya viSaya kI vividhatA aura tulasIdAsa ke dRSTa dRzyoM kI aura adhika vizAlatA (AcAryoM ne batAyA hai ki tulasIdAsa varNita dRzya saMkhyA meM adhika haiM) bahirjagat ke sUkSma nirIkSaNa kI AvazyakatA pratipAdita karate haiN| tulasIdAsa kI taraha AcArya vidyAsAgara ne bhI
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________________ 148 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA apane kAvya ko lokopakArI maMgala ghaTa taraha sajAyA hai / rati kA prasaMga isa aMga kI spaSTatA ke lie paryApta hai : "kSaNa sukha lAgi janama satakoTI / x x x kAma achata sukha sapaneu nAhIM // " (tulasI) x x x "vinAza ke krama taba juTate haiM/ jaba rati sAtha detI hai jo mAna meM pramukha hotI hai / utthAna-patana kA yahI Amukha hai / " (pR. 164) kumbha ke citroM kA mUlyAMkana aura usake karNa sthAna para aMkita 99 aura 9 kI saMkhyAoM kI anuprazaMsA ke sambandha meM 'mUkamATI' kA yaha aMza isa prakAra hai : " eka kSAra saMsAra kI dyotaka hai / eka kSIra-sAra kI / eka se moha kA vistAra milatA hai, / eka se mokSa kA dvAra khulatA hai ... 99 vaha / vighana - mAyA chalanA hai, / kSaya-svabhAva vAlI hai ... aura 9 kI saMkhyA yaha / saghana chAyA hai / palanA hai, jIvana jisameM palatA hai akSaya svabhAva vAlI hai/ ajara-amara avinAzI / Atma-tattva kI udbodhinI hai . saMsAra 99 kA cakkara hai / ... 99 heya ho aura / dhyeya ho 9 nava-jIvana kA srota !" (pR. 166-167) tulasIdAsa ne isake gUr3ha rahasya ko eka dohe meM Abaddha karake hamAre lie eka maMgalodghATaka upadeza ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai : " tulasI rAma saneha karu, tyAgi sakala upacAra / jaise ghaTata na aMka nau, nau ke likhata pahAra // " 'dohAvalI' kA yaha dohA yaha saMketa karatA hai ki pratyeka dizA aura dazA meM 9 kA nijatva kama nahIM hotaa| yaha 9 jaba 90 taka pahu~catA hai to rAma snehI kA kalmaSa zUnya ho jAtA hai arthAt usameM AsurI zakti zeSa nahIM raha jAtI / vaha daivI zakti sampanna ho jAtA hai / varNaka zailI, kavi kA vyaktitvavAda aura nIti sUktiyoM kA udghATana evaM vyAkhyA kI dRSTi se isa grantha ko rIti kAla kI paripArzvikatA kA sparzaka grantha kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu aisA kahane meM kucha du:sAhasa kI vyavasthA pradhAna ho jaaegii| Adhunika kAla meM padya racanA bahuta huI hai| Adhunika hindI kI pravRttiyoM kI dRSTibhaMgI lekara kavitA ko tIna yugoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai - (1) pUrva chAyAvAda yuga (2) chAyAvAda yuga (3) uttara chAyAvAda yuga / i vibhAjana meM chAyAvAda ko AdhAra mAnA gayA hai / chAyAvAdI yuga meM bhAratendu evaM mahAvIra prasAda dvivedI ke kI yuga pratikriyA ne vistAra pAyA hai| navInatA kI udbhAvanA evaM prAcInatA ke saMrakSaNa kI dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' ko bhAratendu kAla yA kavitA ke usa sandhikAla se jor3A jA sakatA hai / yaha bAta bhAva aura kalA donoM dRSTiyoM se kahI jA sakatI hai| 'mUkamATI' ke
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 149 prAyaH sabhI saMga mAnava prakRti aura mAnava samAja se jur3e haiN| dvivedI yuga kI kucha pravRttiyA~ bhI isameM yatra-tatra pratibimbita haiN| dezabhakti, dhArmikatA kA rasa bhara kara kavitA meM navInatA kA vidhAna, samAja-kalyANa, marAThI kI itivRttAtmaka zailI kA prayoga, sAMskRtika atIta ko jagAne kI bhAvanA, buddhi kI tarka zakti kA vikAsa, kucha navIna tathA sAdhAraNa viSayoM ko kAvyocita sthAna, bhASA saMskAra, paurANika AkhyAnoM evaM pahacAnoM kI sthApanA, aitihAsikatA se ba~dhe caritra kI ora saMketa, vartamAna samasyAoM evaM halacaloM kI vyAkhyA, rItikAlIna zRMgAra bhAvanA kA parityAga aura naitikatA kI sthApanA kI dRSTi se yaha dvivedI yuga ke nikaTa kI racanA samajhI jaaegii| Adhunika kAla meM chAyAvAda kI pramukhatA svIkRta hai| dvivedI yuga kA bhASA-zaithilya isa kAla meM kama hotA gayA / itivRttAtmakatA bhI nahIM phUlI-phalI / prakRti meM mAnavIkaraNa aura dArzanika anubhUti ko vizeSa sthAna milA / sthUla ke prati sUkSma kA vidroha bhI mukhara huaa| prema aura saundarya kI bhAvanA bhI mauna tapasvinI kI taraha sAdhanA karane lagI / sarvAtmavAda ko prazraya milA / vyaktivAda ke sAtha svatantratA kA pakSa bhI sabala huaa| mAnavatAvAda aura AdarzavAda para yuga, lAkSaNikatA aura pratIkAtmakatA kA prabhAva par3A / ina vizeSatAoM kI kasauTI para 'mUkamATI' kA racanA tantra kahIM sulajhA to kahIM ulajhA dikhAI par3atA hai| pragativAdI dRSTikoNa kA AdhAra mArksavAdI dvandvAtmaka vikAsavAda, mUlya vRddhi ke siddhAnta aura mUla sabhyatA ke vikAsa krama kA pallavana hai / mArksa ke matAvalambI mAnate haiM ki vizva kI arthavyavasthA aura sabhyatA do vargoM meM vibhakta hai- eka, zoSaka varga aura dUsarA, zoSita varga / zoSita varga kA zoSaka varga ke prati roSa-vidroha hI pragativAda hai| sAmyavAda kI vicAra dhArA kA AdhAra bhI yahI hai / zramika hI sAmyavAda kA dRSTi bindu hai| 'mUkamATI' ke prArambha se anta taka prakArAntara se zrama-zramahArA ke sAtha zrama kI sAdhyatA aura AvazyakatA para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| zrama ke vividha rUpoM kA khula kara citraNa kiyA gayA hai / grantha ke mUla caraNa yathArtha kI miTTI para Tike haiN| sAmyavAdI vicAradhArA kavi kI bhAvanA ke nikaTa racanA karatI dikhalAI par3atI hai / kavi kA sAmyavAda mAnavatAvAdI dRSTi rakhatA hai / rAjanItika uthala-puthala para usakI AsthA nhiiN| pragativAda meM pariSkRti aura parimArjana kI AvazkatA anubhUta huii| nalina vilocana zarmA kI udbhAvanA se yaha kArya sAmane aayaa| lakSmIkAnta varmA evaM jagadIza gupta ne ise naI kavitA ke aMgoM se jor3A / isake mUla pravartaka ajJeyajI ne isameM nae satyoM aura navIna yathArthatAoM kA jIvita bodha karAyA / usameM sAdhAraNIkaraNa kI zakti bharI jisase kavitA sahRdayatA ke sAtha sambaddha ho jAya / 'mUkamATI' nae, prabuddha, vivekI vyaktiyoM ko lakSya ke sammukha rakhakara likhI gaI hai| isakA AsvAdana karane kI kSamatA unameM hai jo nae kavi ke samAna socane kI zakti rakhate haiM aura jinakI bauddhika aura mAnasika cetanA bhAvukatA para AdhArita hai| isameM mAnava vRttiyoM aura pravRttiyoM ko nae DhaMga se abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai / isake zabda, isake zabda-bandha aura isake svara pAThakoM para nayA prabhAva utpanna karate haiN| isakI kavitAoM meM svacchanda yathArtha ke sAtha bauddhika lAkSaNikatA kA samanvaya kiyA gayA hai| hA~, isa pustaka meM ahaMniSThA, vyaktivAda, nagna yathArtha, nirAzAvAda, upamAnoM kI navInatA, vyAkaraNasiddha rUpoM kI avahelanA Adi kahIM nahIM hai| isa dRSTi se ise prayogavAdI paridhi meM nahIM rakhA jA sktaa| hA~, prayogavAdI dhArA se nikalI 'bimbavAdI' dhArA ke kucha pravRtyAtmaka lakSaNoM kI jhalaka kahIM-kahIM mila jAtI hai| 'mUkamATI' kA uddezya 'priya pravAsa' ke uddezya jaisA hI hai / pAtroM kI vibhinnatA aura varNya viSaya kI vilagatA hone para bhI donoM meM eka jaisI mahAn uddezya kI preraNA dikhAI par3atI hai| 'priya pravAsa' meM lokArAdhana aura loka maMgala kI
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________________ 150 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sthApanA ke lie zrIkRSNa ke laukika mAnavI caritra meM sevA, prema, paropakAra kI pUrNa abhivyakti dikhalAI hai / zrIkRSNa evaM rAdhA meM saMcita paramparAgata caritroM ke sthAna para krAntidarzI mAnava caritra kA aMkana kiyA hai| ina do mahAn caritroM dvArA unnata-baliSTha-karmaniSTha mAnavI Adarza caritra kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| 'mUkamATI' meM kavi ne bhI mATI, pRthivI aura kumbhakAra ke AtmaprakAza meM aise hI lokopakArI vicAroM kI varSA kI hai| inake varNana meM kavi kI rasopalabdhi isa bAta kA dAvA karatI hai ki kavi lekhanI kI dRSTi mAyA chAyA loka para nahIM hai, apitu karmaloka para hai| ye tInoM aura kaI anya caritra bhI jIvana bodha ko kalyANapravaNatA kI ora le kara cala rahe haiN| mUkamATI ke mukha se nikalI 'maMgala kAmanA kI paMktiyA~' kisa prakAra kavi ke uddezya kI ora bar3ha rahI haiM, dekhie: "yahA~'"saba kA sadA / jIvana bane maMgalamaya chA jAve sukha-chA~va,/ sabake saba TaleM - / amaMgala - bhAva, saba kI jIvana latA / harita - bharita viha~sita ho guNa ke phUla vilasita hoM / nAzA kI AzA miTe AmUla mahaka uThe/-"basa / " (pR. 478) kArya kI dizA evaM dRSTi se donoM uddezya meM ekarUpatA hai| nAyakatva kI dRSTi se aura abhidhAtmaka sAmAnya artha kI dRSTi se rASTrakavi maithilIzaraNa gupta ke 'sAketa' aura 'mUkamATI' ke mUla eka jaisI miTTI para khar3e haiN| 'sAketa' meM sampUrNa kathA kA netRtva aura abhISTa phala kI prApti urmilA ke hAtha meM hai / abhinava mAnyatA nArI ke netRtva kA samarthana karatI hai| Adhunika kAla meM isa parivartana kI eka zaktizAlI dhArA pravAhita huI hai| 'yazodharA', 'kAmAyanI', 'nUrajahA~', 'vaidehI vanavAsa' tathA aura kaI granthoM kI sampUrNa bhUmi meM netRtva - dhvaja nArI ke hAthoM meM dikhAI par3atA hai / AcArya vidyAsAgara ne apane grantha 'mUkamATI' meM ise hI nAyakatva - daNDa arpita kiyA hai| "aura" idhara." nIce/nirI nIravatA chAI" (pR. 1) se 'animeSa nihAratI - sI / mUkamATI' (pR. 488) taka yAnI racanA ke prArambha se virAma taka mUka mATI hai / 'mUkamATI' meM vaha netRtva ke saMcAlaka - sUtra apane hAthoM meM rakhatI hai| anumAna ke AdhAra para kahane kA kucha sahArA baTorakara yaha kahanA, ucita hogA yA nahIM, yaha maiM nahIM jAnatA ki AcArya vidyAsAgara ne jinasenAcArya tathA vikramAcArya ke jaina purANoM kA, bhASyakAra pataMjali aura bauddha dharma ke 'divyAvadAna' kA sAhitya avazya par3hA hogA / unake 'sAketa' varNana para bhI unakI dRSTi par3I hogI / anta meM mahAkAvya 'sAketa' bhI AyA hogA / isa mahAkAvya kI nAyikA urmilA ko maryAdita apekSita sthAna para dekha kara inheM prasannatA huI hogii| lagatA hai, isI hetu 'mUkamATI' ko mahAkavi ne nAyakatva pradAna kiyA hai| AcArya nandadulAre vAjapeyI ne 'Adhunika sAhitya' ke pRSTha 4445 para urmilA aura bharata donoM kA nAyakatva svIkAra kiyA hai| isa manISI ke samAna Alocaka kI dRSTi dhAraNa karane kI kSamatA mujha meM nahIM hai| maiM nahIM kaha sakatA ki 'mUkamATI' meM nAyakatva mUkamATI aura kumbhakAra donoM ke hAtha meM hai / mUkamATI hI pAThakoM kI sahRdayatA evaM sahAnubhUti - sahiSNutA ke nikaTa hai / 'sAketa' ke aSTama sarga meM sItA ke manobhAvoM kI vyaMjanA milatI hai / sItA mA~ dharatI kI beTI hai / usameM sahanazIlatA, karmazIlatA, prakRti - sannidhizIlatA, paraduHkhakAtaratA, sevAvRtti aura janmabhUmi - karmabhUmi- saMskRti ke prati anurAga Adi vizeSatAe~ vyaMjita haiM / 'mUkamATI' meM bhI ye guNa haiM aura usameM 'vAstavika jIvana' tathA 'sAttvika jIvana' bhI hai / sItA meM bhI ye guNa haiM / 'dvApara' meM guptajI ne kRSNa para lage lAMchana ( parakIyA) ko prakSAlita karane kA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA saphala prayatna kiyA hai / kRSNa sambandhI prema varNana ko vAsanA mukta karake 'dvApara' meM citrita kiyA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM bhI kRSNa ke Ae prasaMgoM ko vidyAsAgarI pratibhA ne vAsanA mukta karmayogI ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA hai| 'kAmAyanI' chAyAvAdI dhArA kI sundaratama racanA hai| 'prasAda' ke kavi - jIvana ke aNu - aNu ke manthana se nikAlI gaI hai / chAyAvAdI kavi kI A~kheM vizva ke kaNa-kaNa meM saundarya kI vyApti ke darzana karatI haiM / usakI kalama paurANika tathya-kathya kI sahacarI hotI hai| vaha jar3a yAntrikatA kI chAyA meM ghira AI prakRti-zakti ko sahAnubhUti kI A~khoM se dekhatI hai| usake virodha meM AvAz2a uThAtI hai / yAntrikatA ke teja - tunda rukha ko badalane ke lie vyAkula ho jAtI hai| use prakRti kI goda cetanA se pUrNa dikhAI par3atI hai| use usake hAva-bhAva meM sarvAtmavAda aura sarvacetanAvAda prakAzita DolatI AbhA dikhAI par3atI hai| chAyAvAda jhaNDA U~cA karake nArI kI garimA ke gIta gAtA hai / vaha kAvyakathA ke nAyakatva kA dhvaja-daNDa nArI ke hAthoM meM rakhatA hai| vaha mana kI gaharAI meM chipI vRttiyoM kA spaSTa vizleSaNacitra upasthita karatA hai / vaha prakRti ko antarmukhI dekhatA hai| vaha pratIka-vidhAna kA sambala lekara Antarika sAmya kI ora adhika pralubdha hotA hai / apanI komala kalpanAoM ko komala pada- vitAna ke nIce rakhatA aura sajAtA hai| chAyAvAda kI ukta AviSkRta viziSTatAoM ke sundara dRSTAnta 'kAmAyanI' ke pRSTha-pallavoM para zRMgAra karate dikhAI par3ate haiM / 'mUkamATI' meM ina vizeSatAoM kI lahareM kathA ke mUla pravAha para uThatI - giratI kahIM-kahIM dikhAI par3atI haiN| kucha saMketoM kA saMketa karanA yahA~ samIcIna jAna par3atA hai| eka bAta avazya hI ise chAyAvAdI dhArA se alaga karatI hai| vaha hai kavi kA 'aMgAtIta' sAdhanA - 'saMgIta' : saundarya-vyApti: m paurANika tathya - kathya : O "sImAtIta zUnya meM / nIlimA bichAI, aura idhara nIce / nirI nIravatA chAI / " (pR. 1) D " lajjA ke ghU~ghaTa meM/ DUbatI-sI kumudinI / prabhAkara ke kara- chuvana se bacanA cAhatI hai vaha;/ apanI parAga ko - / sarAga- mudrA kopA~khuriyoM kI oTa detI hai / " (pR. 2) "rAvaNa thA 'hI' kA upAsaka / rAma ke bhItara 'bhI' baiThA thA / yahI kAraNa ki/rAma upAsya hue, haiM, raheMge Age bhii|" (pR. 173) "prabhu se prArthanA hai, ki / 'hI' se hIna ho jagat yaha abhI ho yA kabhI bhI ho / 'bhI' se bheMTa sabhI kI ho / " (pR. 173) :: 151 " Aja indra kA puruSArtha / sImA chU rahA hai, ... chide jA rahe, bhide jA rahe, / vidrUpa - vidIrNa ho rahe haiM bAdala - daloM ke badana saba / .. thor3e se hI zeSa haiM jala - kaNa / / ... krodha se bharI bijalI kauMdhane lagI ... tabhI indra ne Aveza meM A kara / amogha astra vajra nikAla kara bAdaloM para pheMka diyA / / vajrAghAta se Ahata ho meghoM ke mukha se 'Aha' dhvani nikalI, / jise sunate hI saura-maNDala baharA ho gayA / / ... sAgara se puna: sUcanA milatI hai
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________________ : mUkamATI-mImAMsA 152 :: O O ... jahA~ dekho vahA~ ole / saura- maNDala bhara gayA ! ... Upara aNu kI zakti kAma kara rahI hai / to idhara nIce manu kI zakti vidyamAna !" (pR. 246-249) "ye apane ko batAte / manu kI santAna !" (pR. 387) jar3a yAntrikatA evaM usakA virodha : 0 O "pralaya ke dinoM meM / jala kI hI nahIM, agni kI varSA bhI / tere Upara huI kaI bAra !" (pR. 373) O sarvacetanAvAda - sAmyabhAva : 'Upara yantra hai, ghumar3a rahA hai / nIce mantra hai, gunagunA rahA hai eka mAraka hai/eka tAraka; / eka vijJAna hai / jisakI AjIvikA tarkaNA hai, eka AsthA hai / jise AjIvikA kI cintA nahIM, / eka adhara meM laTakA hai use AdhAra nahIM paira TikAne,/ eka ko dharatI kI zaraNa milI hai yahI kAraNa hai,... / ... UparavAle kA dimAga car3ha sakatA hai taba vaha / vinAza kA, / patana kA hI pATha par3ha sakatA hai|" (pR. 246 ) "bar3I kRpA hogI, / bar3A upakAra hogA, / saba meM sAmya ho, svAmin!" (pR.372) " dUsaroM se prabhAvita honA / aura / dUsaroM ko prabhAvita karanA, ina donoM ke Upara / samatA kI chAyA taka nahIM pdd'tii|" (pR. 377) "Aja- jaisA prabhAta / vigata meM nahIM milA aura/ prabhAta Aja kA / kAlI rAtri kI pITha para halakI lAla syAhI se/ kucha likhatA-sA hai, ki yaha antima rAta hai / aura / yaha Adima prabhAta; yaha antima gAta hai/ aura / yaha Adima virAT !" (pR. 19) sampUrNa vizva viSamatAgrasta- trasta hai / samarasatA kA abhAva hai / kaTutA, tucchatA, ghRNA, vidveSa, pratizodha aura saMhAra kI vRttiyoM se mAnava samAja AvRta hai| prasAda ne inakA nagna nRtya apanI dRSTi- kalpanA se dekhA thaa| unakI zraddhA apane putra ko sandeza detI hai : : "saba kI samarasatA kA kara pracAra, / mere suta ! suna mA~ kI pukAra ! " 'mUkamATI' ke sraSTA ne dharatI ke A~cala para phaile gahare andhakAra se sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai / unakI 'agniparIkSA' meM isakI gaharI 'zokAkula mudrA' 'pApa kI pAlar3I' meM baiTha 'anartha kA phala-rasa' cakha rahI hai : O "idhara dharatI kA dila / dahala uThA, hila uThA hai, adhara dharatI ke kaiMpa uThe haiM / dhRti nAma kI vastu vaha / dikhatI nahIM kahIM bhI / cAhe rati kI ho yA mati kI/ kisI kI bhI mati kAma nahIM krtii|" (pR. 269)
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________________ O mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 153 'samagra saMsAra hI / duHkha se bharapUra hai, / yahA~ sukha hai, para vaiSayika aura vaha bhI kSaNika !/yaha to anubhUta huA hameM, parantu / akSaya sukha para / vizvAsa ho nahIM rahA hai|" (pR. 485 ) mahAkavi ne anubhava kiyA hai ki vartamAna yuga meM sabase adhika vizvAsa kI AvazyakatA hai| tarka ne ise bedaqhala kara diyA hai / mAnava mana se vizvAsa nikala rahA hai para kavi ke mana se vizvAsa kA nisarga nahIM ho sakatA / usameM 'nIrAga' sAdhu kI vANI gUMja rahI hai / puna: santa ne kahA : " isa para bhI yadi / tumheM / zramaNa - sAdhanA ke viSaya meM aura / akSaya sukha-sambandha meM / vizvAsa nahIM ho rahA ho / to phira aba antima kucha kahatA hU~/ki, / kSetra kI nahIM, / AcaraNa kI dRSTi se maiM jahA~ para hU~ / vahA~ Akara dekho mujhe, / tumheM hogI merI sahI-sahI pahacAna / kyoMki / Upara se nIce dekhane se / cakkara AtA hai aura/nIce se Upara kA anumAna / lagabhaga galata nikalatA hai| isIlie ina / zabdoM para vizvAsa lAo, / hA~ ! hA~ !! vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI / avazya milegI / magara mArga meM nahIM, maMz2ila pr|" (pR. 487-488) kavi 'avinazvara sukha' aura 'akSaya sukha' kI ora vizvAsa vyakta karatA hai / yaha usakI anubhUta saundarya kI AtmA hai / yahI usakA ananta - jJAna hai / usakA asIma ke prati vizvAsa hai / meM vizva kavi ravIndra ne bhI apanI pustaka 'Creative Unity' ke prathama nibandha 'The Poet's Religion' zelI (Shelley) kI agralikhita paMktiyoM meM vyakta vizvAsa kI ora sApekSa vyAkhyA ke sAtha hamArA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA hai, vizvAsa kI ora : "Never joy illumed my brow Unlinked with hope that thou wouldst free This world from its dark slavery; That thou, -0 awful loveliness, - Wouldst give whate'er these words cannot express. This was his faith in The Infinite. It led his aspiration towards the region of freedom and perfection which was beyond the immediate and above the successful. This faith in God, this faith in the reality the ideal of perfection, has built up all that is great in the human world....when it awakens not, then our faith in money in material power, takes its place; it fights and destroys, and in a brilliant fireworks of star-memicry suddenly exhausts itself and dies in ashes and smoke. aura Age bhI ... "Men of faith have always called us to wake up to great expectations, and the
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________________ 154 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA prudent have always laughed at them and said that these did not belong to reality, but the poet in man knows that reality is a creation, and human reality has to be called forth from its obscure depth by man's faith which is creative." hindI ke prasiddha mahAkavi evaM jana-mana kI AsthA ke nAyaka santaziromaNi tulasIdAsa ne isa vizvAsa ko hI 'rAmacaritamAnasa' meM 'rAma'kA guNa-grAma prastuta karane ke pUrva zraddhA aura vizvAsa ke svarUpa zrI pArvatIjI aura zrI zaMkarajI kI vandanA kI hai : "bhavAnIzaGkarau vande zraddhAvizvAsarUpiNI / yAbhyAM vinA na pazyanti siddhA: svAntaHsthamIzvaram // " (bAlakANDa, 2) tulasI ne apane eka pUjyapAtra kAkabhuzuNDi ke mukha se kalimahimA-varNana ke sandarbha meM khulI udghoSaNA karAte hue apanA mata pratipAdita kiyA hai : "kalijuga sama juga Ana nahiM jauM nara kara bisvAsa / gAi rAma guna gana bimala bhava tara binahiM prayAsa // " (uttarakANDa, do. 103 ka) ravi bAbU ne apane vicAroM meM yaha vyakta kiyA hai ki pUrNa sattA yA asIma sattA ke prati vizvAsa susupta rahatA hai to dravya yA bhautika sukhoM kI ora vizvAsa hotA hai| unake hone yA pAne yA rakhane meM vizvAsa hotA hai / pariNAma saMgharSa aura vinAza hotA hai / anta meM citA kI rAkha hAtha lagatI hai| mahAkavi tulasI ne isa asIma ke prati apane pragAr3ha vizvAsa ko isa prakAra vyakta kiyA hai : "kAmihi nAri piAri jimi lobhihi priya jimi dAma / timi raghunAtha niraMtara priya lAgahu mohi rAma // " (uttarakANDa, do. 130 kha) AcArya vidyAsAgara ke tana ke bhItara ke 'mRdu-muskAte santa' kA kathya aura satya hai : "dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki/bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA AmUla miTa jAnA hI/mokSa hai|/isii kI zuddha-dazA meM avinazvara sukha hotA hai|" (pR. 486) kAjI najarula islAma ne aisA hI aTUTa vizvAsa vyakta kiyA hai : "dhvaMsa dekhe bhaya keno tora ? pralaya nUtana sRjana vedana ? Asache navIna-jIvana-hArA asundare karate chedana ! bheMge AbAra gar3hate jAne se cira-sundara torA saba jaya dhvani karo! torA saba jaya dhvani karo!!" 'mUkamATI ke bhItara ke kavi ne zailI-cAturya se yaha batAyA hai ki santrAsavAdI viplavI Andolana nUtanatA kA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 155 pratIka yA janaka nahIM hai| yaha svayaM koI navInatAbodhaka Andolana nhiiN| yaha sthagita AsthA kI vikRti hai| santrAsavAdI viplavakArI zaktiyoM ke hAtha meM santrAsavAda se jur3I samasyAoM kA samAdhAna nahIM hai / ve sahayoga evaM vizvAsa ke patha para calakara samasyAoM kA samAdhAna pA sakate haiN| . AtaMkavAda ke damanazIla kucakra kI dhamakiyoM se hI samAja tharatharA rahA hai| kisI bhI prakAra isakI sattA sthAyitva nahIM pA sakatI / ata: kavi ne isa Andolana- krUra Andolana kI pariNati dikhAte hue kahA hai : "jo/kumbhakAra kA saMsarga kiyA so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA/Adima sarga huA / ...jo/ahaM kA utsarga kiyA/so sRjanazIla jIvana kA/dvitIya sarga huaa| ...utsAha sAhasa ke sAtha/jo/sahana upasarga kiyA, so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA/tRtIya sarga huaa| ...parAzrita-anusvAra, yAnI/bindu-mAtra varNa-jIvana ko tumane UrdhvagAmI UrdhvamukhI/jo/svAzrita visarga kiyA, so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA/antima sarga huaa| ...nisarga se hI/sRj-dhAtu kI bhA~ti bhinna-bhinna upasarga pA/tumane svayaM ko jo/nisarga kiyA,/so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA vargAtIta apavarga huaa|" (pR. 482-483) kavi ke bhItara ke citta ne vartamAna saMkaTa se jana-jIvana-mAnasa ko mukti dilAne kI AkAMkSA se hI 'mUkamATI' ke kathya-satya kA udghATana-vizvAsa vyakta kiyA hai| pRSTha 485 samayasaMsarahI khase bharapUra hai,.. M 1. apanAanubhava tAsalA uln. UIRA
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________________ 'mUkamATI': saMvedanA kI sAdhanA DaoN. tAlakezvara siMha loka maMgala kI kAmanA se abhibhUta santa mana ne mATI kI mUka vedanA meM saMvedanA aura sAdhanA kA amRta ghola diyA hai| santoM meM sAdhanA kI paripakvatA bhI hotI hai tathA prema kI bhAvamayI taraMgeM bhI mAnasa sarovara meM kallola karatI haiN| kallola ke kAraNa prema jala bAhara chalaka par3atA hai aura saMga pAne vAle jar3a-cetanoM para vahI sudhA ke rUpa meM barasa jAtA hai| santakRpA kI dRSTi sImA meM Ate hI jIva tRpti kA anubhava karatA hai| para atRpti aisI bar3hatI hai ki vaha puna: puna: santa darzana ke lie vikala ho jAtA hai / santa anAsakti ke kSaNoM meM jIte haiN| vItarAga aura kAmanA rahita hote haiN| sevA unakA dharma hai| aura, vaha bhI niSkAma sevA; sakAmatA to sAdhanA kI Aga meM kaba kI jala cukI hotI hai / isIlie santa sAdhanA ke tApa kA jIva ko anubhava hone nahIM dete aura prema jhArI se usakA abhisiMcana karate haiN| pratiSThita prajJa santa mATI kI mUkatA meM vANI kI zakti kA abhiniveza karatA hai / kavi aura santa kI kramaza: racanAzakti aura vivekadRSTi pA kara 'mUkamATI' saMvedanA kI marmakathA bana gaI hai| sAmAjika, rASTrIya, aitihAsika, dhArmika aura vaicArika antarvirodhoM ko bhulAkara mAnava prema kI saMdezavAhinI bana gaI hai| pUrvAgraha manuSya ko alagAva ke vijana vana meM ThelatA hai / ataeva manuSya ko paramasattA kI ora se jo dAyitva sauMpA gayA hai, usake nirvAha ke lie, sahI DhaMga se sampAdana ke lie kucha karanA hogaa| __bhAratIya vAGmaya meM 'mUkamATI' eka viziSTa dena hai| hindI kI mahattvapUrNa kRti hai| kAvya manuSya kA sArvatrika svatva hai| vaha apane ko vyakta karanA cAhatA hai / vicAra evaM bhAvAbhivyakti ke mAdhyama se hajAroM ke antarmana meM utaratA hai / AtmAbhivyakti ke dvArA AtmAnveSaNa ke binduoM ko pakar3atA hai / sva se asaMga hokara vizvabodha se jur3atA hai| vizva sAhitya ke vyApaka phalaka para apanI racanA ke miSa eka amiTa lakIra khIMcanA cAhatA hai / santavANI se eka sAhityika dik kA nirmANa hotA hai jisameM vizva ke kavi aura lekhaka eka dUsare se saMlApa karate haiN| dUrI miTatI hai aura eka naI pahacAna banatI hai / sAhitya vaha bhUmi hai jisa para kalA kA sampUrNa vibhAvana ubharatA hai / rASTrIya sAhitya kI anviti ko santa eka nayA AyAma detA hai / manuSya ke jJAna se ajJAna kA tama phaTa jAtA hai / sArvatrika mAnava mUlya kI abhivyakti tathA vizvajanIna kalAtmaka prakriyA meM sahabhAgitA ke AdhAra para racanA kA mUlyAMkana honA caahie| ___ manuSya kA jAtIya itihAsa aura bhUgola vikAsa kI dRSTi se bhinna hotA hai / kalA ke bhAvana kA koI eka AdhAra banAnA kaThina hai / para mAnava dRSTi ke AdhAra para unakI parakha ho sakatI hai / mATI kI antarvyathA 'mUkamATI' meM karuNA kI komala rAginI bana gaI hai| prakRti se rUbarU hokara kavi kA racanA-mana usakA ramaNIya citra khIMca rahA hai / isa ramaNIyatA meM eka darda hai| darda ke marma meM USA kA Aloka phaila rahA hai| nizA kA andhakAra aba dhIre-dhIre risa rahA hai| prAcI ke adhara para madhura muskAna kI rekhAe~ khela rahI haiN| prakRti ke prAMgaNa meM manda, madhura tathA zItala pavana arthAt trividha bayAra kA bahAva jArI hai| jIvana ke bahAva se prakRti ke isa bahAva kA adbhuta mela hai : "manda-manda/sugandha pavana/baha rahA hai;/bahanA hI jIvana hai bahatA-bahatA/kaha rahA hai:/lo!/yaha sandhi-kAla hai nA! mahaka uThI sugandhi hai/ ora-chora taka, cAroM ora / " (pR. 2-3) bAhara kI sugandha se tez2a bhItara kI sugandha hotI hai, jo guru kRpA se antara meM bahatI hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 157 mATI ko 'mUkamATI' meM striyocita caritra pradAna kara kAvya kI nAyikA ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / mUka bhASA meM apanI mUka vedanA mATI kahatI hai / yahA~ sAdhanA kA bala nahIM, antarvyathA kI zakti hai / nArI ke guNoM se saMvalita mATI kahatI hai : 1 " aura, saMkoca - zIlA / lAjavatI lAvaNyavatI - / saritA - taTa kI mATI apanA hRdaya kholatI hai/ mA~ dharatI ke sammukha ! / " svayaM patitA hU~ aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se,/ adhama pApiyoM se / pada - dalitA hU~ mA~ ! " (pR. 4) niSThura pada dalana ko miTTI bardAzta karatI hai / pRthvI saba kucha apane Upara dhAraNa karatI hai / usake dhIraja kI parIkSA sambhava nahIM hai / miTTI usI kI putrI hai| apanI pIr3A ko, mUka vyathA ko kisI se prakaTa nahIM krtii| kintu jisa mamatA aura dhairyazIlatA kI kokha se utpanna hai, usase apanI pIr3A kI kahAnI kahatI hai| pIr3A ke mUka ko saMketa meM nahIM, spaSTa bhASAyI AkAra detI hai / nivedana ke svara meM bolatI hai : ... " kucha upAya karo mA~ ! / khuda apAya haro mA~ ! aura suno,/ vilamba mata karo / pada do, patha do / pAtheya bhI do mA~ ! " (pR. 5) vastuta: yaha jo mATI kI pIr3A hai vahI dharA kI pIr3A hai aura jo dharA kI pIra hai vahI mATI kI pIra hai| mATI kI pIra aura pIra kI mATI kI vyaMjanA se santa mana jana-jana ko eka sandeza denA cAhatA hai / sahiSNutA mATI kI pIr3AvyaMjanA meM sAkAra ho gaI hai / kAvya bhASA ko eka pratIka mila gayA hai / dRga-bindu jhara rahe haiN| miTTI aura dharA meM koI pArthakya nahIM hai| donoM meM koI rikta nahIM hai / yadi alagAva, abhAva yA rikta hai bhI to vaha kramaza: anviti, bhAva tathA pUrti meM paryavasita ho rahA hai / jaina darzana ke anukUla sattA kI zAzvatatA ko dharA mukharita karatI hai| paMcabhUtoM meM pRthvI kA guNa gandha hai| pRthvI kI gandha hI phUloM meM sugandha banatI hai / aura prakAra kI gandhoM meM pRthvI tanmAtrA ke rUpa meM vidyamAna rahatI hai| bAdala barasa haiM arthAt jala tattva meghoM ke antara se barasakara parivartana kI vibhinna prakriyAoM se guz2aratA hai| dhUla meM milakara daladala meM badala jAtA hai, nIma kI jar3oM meM gira kaTutA aMgIkAra karatA hai tathA sAgarIya jala se sampRkta hokara lavaNayukta bana jAtA hai| sIpI meM motI banatA hai / santa ke bhItara kA upadezaka yaha batalAtA hai ki saMgati ke anukUla nirmANa kArya sampanna hotA hai / AsthA sabase bar3I cIz2a hotI hai / AsthA, vizvAsa aura zraddhA ke abhAva meM sAdhanA patha sulabha nahIM ho sakatA / sAdhanA-pathI AsthA se zurU karatA hai tathA vizvAsa kI prakriyA se guz2aratA huA zraddhA ke bindu taka pahu~catA hai| zraddhA aura vizvAsa ke abhAva meM AsthA khuradurI pratIta hotI hai| jaina sAdhu ne spaSTa zabdoM meM sAdhanA - vIthI kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| kintu kAvya ke lie sAdhanA aura darzana apane mUla rUpa meM upayogI nahIM bana pAte / sahaja saMvedya aura sampreSya hone ke lie mAnavIya saMvedanA se unakA Ardra honA anivArya hai / saMvedanA se zUnya darzana aura sAdhana kAvyabhUmi se chiTaka jAte haiM / satya taka pahu~cane ke lie asatya kI pahacAna apekSita hai| vidyA se paricita hone ke lie avidyA ko jAnanA z2arUrI hai / isalie satya-asatya aura vidyA avidyA se paricaya anivArya hai / 'IzAvAsyopaniSad' kA eka mantra hai : "vidyAM cAvidyAM ca yastadvedobhayaM saha /
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________________ 158 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA avidyayA mRtyu tI vidyayA'mRtamaznute // " (11) vidyA aura avidyA ko sAtha-sAtha jo yathArthata: jAnatA hai, mRtyu ko pAra karake jJAnAnuSThAna se amRta prApta kara letA hai| parabrahma paramAtmA puruSottama se usakA sIdhA sambandha jur3a jAtA hai| sambandha jur3atA hai aura prema kI lahara utpanna hotI hai / pAtAla ke thAla meM sarvocya kI AratI sajatI hai| AcAryapravara vidyAsAgara kA udghoSa hai ki sAdhanA aura sAdhana ke sAtha anvita hone se sambhAvanA bana sakatI hai / ve sAdhanA ke anubhava se kahate haiM : "sAdhanA ke sA~ce meM/svayaM ko DhAlanA hogA saharSa !" (pR. 10) vastuta: jIvana sAdhanA meM DhalatA hai tathA sAdhanA jIvana meM ghusatI hai| AsthA se sAdhanA patha sahaja banatA hai / AsthA mUla hai jisa para sAdhanA viTapa TikA hotA hai / mUla kA kampana zikhara ko bhI spandita karatA hai / AsthA kI maz2abUtI nirmala saMskAroM para nirbhara karatI hai / saMskAroM ke svastha hone meM samaya lagatA hai| kintu guru kI kRpA-kora se saMskAra tatkAla nirmala ho jAte haiN| viSamatA evaM pratikAra bhAvanA se bacAva apekSita hai / santa sevA jIvana kA dhyeya honA caahie| sAdhanA yAtrA kA prArambha samarpaNa se hotA hai| yugabodha ko bhI 'mUkamATI' meM abhivyakti milI hai| kudAlI kI mAra miTTI para par3a rahI hai / mRdutA meM kudAlI kI lauha-dhAra dhaMsatI hai / dayA aura niSThuratA kA yaha saMgharSa hai / pIr3ita aura pIr3aka evaM zoSita aura zoSaka kA khela barAbara calA hai / borI meM banda hokara bhI miTTI navavivAhitA badhU kI taraha cUMghaTa kI oTa se jhA~katI hai| yuga kI pIr3A borI se jhA~ka rahI hai| racanA-mAnasa se eka dhvani nikalatI hai : "amIroM kI nahIM/garIboM kI bAta hai; koThI kI nahIM/kuTiyA kI bAta hai / " (pR. 32) pyAra kA pIr3A aura vraNa kI pIr3A meM antara hotA hai| rAga aura virAga ke chora alaga-alaga haiN| atireka duHkha kA kAraNa hotA hai| du:kha ke anta se sukha kA rekhAMkana hotA hai| jIvana vijJAna meM dayA se sarasatA AtI hai / dayA se sva-bodha ujAgara hotA hai| aisA sva jisameM sva kA artha svArtha nahIM hotA, parArtha hotA hai / vAsanA moha ke kIcar3a meM DAlatI hai aura dayA se mukti-mArga prazasta hotA hai| vAsanA meM jalana hai tathA dayA meM zItalatA aura mRdutA / vAsanA ajagara hai aura dayA jIvana prasAdhana hai, jIvana kA zRMgAra hai / dayA santa dharma kA upakaraNa hai| karuNA aura dayA deza tathA kAla kI sImA se Upara haiN| santoM ke saMga mAnasa roga dUra hote haiM / tattvata: isa kAvya meM parasparopagraho jIvAnAm' ko sAMvedanika dharAtala mila gayA hai| sUkti meM saMvedanA kA yoga ghaTita ho gayA hai / santa jIvana nirvAha nahIM karate haiM, apitu apane samparka meM Ane vAle kA punarnirmANa karate haiN| punarnirmANa se adhika yaha nava nirmANa hotA hai / santa paramparA kA itihAsa isakA sAkSI hai| satsaMga meM to aura bhI kucha ho jAtA hai-AtmanirmANa / vAsanA ke kaMkaroM ke pheMkane ke bAda hI satsaMga milatA hai / ArSa vANI "RSi - santoM kA/sadupadeza - sadAdeza/hameM yahI milA ki pApI se nahIM/pApa se,/paMkaja se nahIM/paMka se/ghRNA kro| ayi Arya !/nara se/nArAyaNa bano/samayocita kara kArya / " (pR. 50-51) pApI apavitra nahIM karatA varan pApa dhUmila karatA hai / paMkaja se paMkila hone kA bhaya nahIM hai| vaha parAga detA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 159 hai, makaranda ke rUpa meM utaratA hai| nara meM nArAyaNa kI pratiSThA kavi kI pratijJA hai| laghutA tyAjya hai aura gurutA svIkArya / tyAjya aura svIkArya kI nAr3I par3ha lene ke bAda hI zubha kA sRjana sambhava hai| satya aura ahiMsA santoM kA caritra hotA hai| mana kI gA~Tha hiMsA kA gavAkSa kholatI hai / granthihIna dazA ahiMsA kI bhUmi prazasta karatI hai| ahiMsA prema se zUnya nahIM hotI / vaha bhI prema hI hai, para bhinna prakAra kA prema hai / yuga se eka prazna hai : "kyA isa samaya mAnavatA/pUrNata: marI hai ? kyA yahA~ para dAnavatA/A ubharI hai ?" (pR. 81) mAnavatA meM prema aura vizvAsa hotA hai / dAnavattA se dAnavatA zUnya hotI hai / vyakti se samAja kI ora dRSTi kA gamana anivArya hai / vyaSTi meM samaSTi kI dhAra kA bahAva tathA samaSTi meM vyaSTi kA antargamana zreyaskara hai / prema aura kSema santoM kA svabhAva hai / bhAratIya saMskRti meM sva aura para kI sukha-zAMti kA sundara aura komala rAga hai| 'mUkamATI' meM rasoM ke ullekha haiN| kAvya yA zAstroM kI dRSTi se bhinna DhaMga kA rasa bodha yahA~ hai / vibhAva, anubhAva tathA saMcArIbhAva se AsvAda ke kSaNa yahA~ nahIM jur3ate haiN| vIra rasa kI sthiti dekhie : "isake sevana se/udreka-uddaNDatA kA atireka/jIvana meM udita hotA hai, para para/adhikAra calAne kI/bhUkha isI kA pariNAma hai / " (pR. 131) rasa kI pariNati se adhika yaha vIra-bhAva hai| hAsya rasa kI kucha aisI hI sthiti hai / para eka vizeSatA hai ki rasoM ko eka sajIva AkAra mila gayA hai| jaise : __"rahasa-rasAtala meM ubalatA/karAla-kAlA raudra rasa / " (pR. 134) raudra rasa kA sthAyIbhAva krodha hai, varNa rakta aura devatA rudra hai / zRMgAra meM komalatA hai / mAdhurya hai / saMnyAsI mana zRMgAra ke raga-raga meM zRMgAra dekhatA hai / karuNa aura zAnta rasoM kI carcA bhI huI hai| vAtsalya aura karuNA meM eka jIvana kA trANa hai aura dUsarA praann| ___ artha se paramArtha nahIM tula sakatA / hA~, paramArtha se artha kI naI bhUmi bana sakatI hai| paramArtha se yoga hone para sva (dhana) se viyukti hotI hai / aura, saba rasoM kA anta zAnta meM hotA hai : "saba rasoM kA anta honA hI-/zAnta-rasa hai|" (pR. 160) nae DhaMga se rasa-vibhAvana kI prastuti huI hai / aura, zAnta kA rasa-rAjatva ghoSita kiyA hai| katipaya varNoM aura zabdoM ko darzana kA navya artha mila gayA hai / bhASA-pravAha meM koI TUTa nahIM Ane pAI hai| rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza kA artha kholA gayA hai| jala aura miTTI meM antara hai / vasundharA ko dharA taka sameTa rakhane meM jala kA vizeSa yogadAna hai| dharA ke ratna ko lUTakara vaha ratnAkara banA hai| motI sAgara meM upajatA hai : "jala hI muktA kA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai" (pR. 192) / kintu jisa sIpI meM motI kA AkAra pAtA hai vaha dharA kI aMzabhUtA hai / pRthvI jar3atA tor3atI hai aura motI kI nirmANa-prakriyA meM sahAyikA banatI hai : "jala ko jar3atva se mukta kara/muktA-phala banAnA, patana ke garta se nikAla kara/uttuMga-utthAna para dharanA,
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________________ 160 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA dhRti-dhAriNI dharA kA dhyeya hai|" (pR. 193) mATI mAnavIkRta rUpa meM prastuta kI gaI hai / vaha sthUla tattva mAtra nahIM hai, apitu usakI ragoM meM saMvedanA kA rudhira baha rahA hai / yadyapi vaha mauna hai, para saMnyAsI kI qalama se mUka ko bhASA mila gaI hai| anabola meM bola bhara gayA hai| nArI, abalA aura kumArI naI artha chaviyA~ udghATita huI haiM / nArI bhAvanA ko eka nae pariprekSya meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai: "dharma, artha aura kAma puruSArthoM se/gRhastha jIvana zobhA pAtA hai / ina puruSArthoM ke samaya/prAyaH puruSa hI/pApa kA pAtra hotA hai, vaha pApa, puNya meM parivartita ho/isI hetu striyA~/prayatna-zIlA rahatI haiM sadA / puruSa kI vAsanA saMyata ho,/aura/puruSa kI upAsanA saMgata ho, yAnI kAma puruSArtha nirdoSa ho/basa, isI prayojanavaza/vaha garbha dhAraNa karatI hai| saMgraha-vRtti aura apavyaya-roga se/puruSa ko bacAtI hai sadA, arjita-artha kA samucita vitaraNa karake / " (pR. 204) dAna, pUjA, sevA usakI niyati hotI hai| vaha devI, mA~, sahacarI, prANa hai / sutA aura duhitA hai / mAtRrUpa meM vaha sabakI jananI hai| zramarahita aura anItipUrNa dhana-saMgraha varjita hai / parizrama ko bhUkha kI jvAlA meM jalanA hotA hai / baiThe-ThAle navanIta kA svAda lete haiM / sAmAjika vaiSamya aura vizeSata: Arthika asantulana para sAdhaka mana kA vikaTa prahAra hai : "parizrama ke binA tuma/navanIta kA golA nigalo bhale hI, kabhI pacegA nahIM vaha/pratyuta, jIvana ko khatarA hai !" (pR. 212) vighaTanakArI tattvoM se bhI racanAkAra sajaga hai / yuga kI pIr3A racanA meM bola uThI hai| AtaMkavAda ke AtaMka se vyakti trasta hai : "mAna ko TIsa pahu~cane se hI,/AtaMkavAda kA avatAra hotA hai| ati-poSaNa yA atizoSaNa kA bhI/yahI pariNAma hotA hai, taba/jIvana kA lakSya banatA hai, zodha nahIM/badale kA bhAva pratizodha !" ___(pR. 418) pratizodha kI jvAlA meM loga jala rahe haiN| vastuta: jIvana-lakSya se cyuta ho gae haiN| nyAya kI vedI para anyAya kA tANDava cala rahA hai / bhakSaNa meM sabhI lage haiM / saMhAra kI pravRtti para eka ThaharAva lagAnA Avazyaka hai / jAdU-TonA Adi kRSisaMskRti kI katipaya sthitiyoM ko sthAna milA hai| 'mUkamATI' yuga satya kA citraNa hai / bhASA meM sampreSaNa zakti hai / santa ke mauna meM yuga kA svara bhara gayA hai| yahI isakI prAsaMgikatA hai|
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________________ Adhunika hindI kAvya sAhitya kI adbhuta kRti : 'mUkamATI' darzana lAr3a AcArya vidyAsAgara kA kavi rUpa Adhunika hindI sAhitya ke lie Aja eka spRhaNIya vastu bana cukA hai| AcAryazrI ne adhyAtma ko kavitA se kucha isa taraha jor3A hai ki bhASA meM eka naI AbhA prakaTa ho rahI hai, aura usa AbhA kA eka jvalanta udAharaNa hai AcAryazrI kA nUtana kAvya 'muukmaattii'| yaha svAbhAvika hI thA ki apane bhItara Atmika rUpa se prakaTa hotI jJAna-saritA ke udvelana ko vyakta karane ke lie, AcAryazrI meM chupe kavi ko abhivyakti kA koI mAdhyama bAra-bAra cAhie aura usI abhivyakti ke pratIka haiM unake 'narmadA kA narama kaMkara, 'totA kyoM rotA, 'DUbo mata,lagAo DubakI' kAvya aura 'mUkamATI' jaisA mahAkAvya / parantu jahA~ taka maiM samajhatA hU~, 'mUkamATI' AcAryazrI ke pichale kAvyoM se bahuta kucha bhinna hai| 'mUkamATI' meM pratIkoM kI aisI adbhuta kAvya kathAe~ haiM jinakA udAharaNa hameM Adhunika hindI kAvya sAhitya meM milanA durlabha hai| 'mUkamATI' kI kathA mUla rUpa se miTTI kI kathA hai jo dharatI mA~ kI beTI hai aura mA~ kI hI taraha tyAga aura sahanazakti kA pratirUpa hai| tyAga, virAga aura tapa kI AdhAra bhUmi lekara yaha pratIka-bhAvanAtmaka kathA Age bar3hatI hai| narma-komala mATI ko usa kumbhakAra kI pratIkSA hai jo usake vartamAna rUpa ko eka nayA AkAra degA, kumbha ke rUpa meN| 'kumbha' rUpa mATI kA vaha maMgala kalaza, jo saMsAra ke duHkhI prANiyoM ke lie duHkhoM se mukti kA sAdhana banatA hai aura aneka vyathA-bAdhAoM ko pAra karake dUsaroM ko bhI bhava bAdhA se pAra karA sakatA hai| ___ mATI, isI udAtta uddezya ko hRdaya meM rakhakara kumhAra ke Agamana kI pratIkSA karatI hai| kumhAra AtA hai, kudAlI se komalAMgI mATI ko khodakara nikAlatA aura borI meM bhara kara apane upAzrama le jAtA hai, eka gadahe kI pITha para lAdakara / parantu gadahe kI pITha para ladI, borI meM bharI mATI ko apane kAraNa gadahe ko hone vAle kaSToM kA anubhava hotA hai : "...gadahe kI pITha para |/khurdrii borI kI ragar3a se/pITha chila rahI hai usakI aura/mATI ke bhItara jA/aura bhItara utaratI-sI/pIra mila rahI hai|" ___ (pR. 34-35) aura isI pIra meM khone ke bAda : "borI meM se mATI/kSaNa-kSaNa/chana-chana kara/chilana ke chedoM meM jA mRdutama marahama/banI jA rahI hai,/karuNA rasa meM/sanI jA rahI hai| itanA hI nahIM,/usa sthAna meM/borI kI rUkhI sparzA bhI ghanI mRdutA meM/DUbI jA rahI hai|" (pR. 35-36) mATI inhIM vicAroM-bhAvanAoM meM DUbI anukampA ke usa utkarSa para jA pahu~catI hai : "dayA kA honA hI/jIva-vijJAna kA/samyak paricaya hai| parantu/para para dayA karanA/bahirdRSTi-sA "moha-mUr3hatA-sA.. sva-paricaya se vaMcita-sA"/adhyAtma se dUra"/prAya: lagatA hai aisI ekAnta dhAraNA se/adhyAtma kI virAdhanA hotI hai / " (pR. 37)
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________________ 162 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA yahA~ kavi yaha siddha kara detA hai ki dayA ke binA adhyAtma korA hai, kAryakArI nahIM / aura phira mATI kumhAra ke upAzrama, usakI kAryazAlA para pahu~catI hai| kumhAra mRdu mATI se kaThora kaMkaroM ko alaga karatA hai, cAlanI se chAna kara / jaba kaMkara kumhAra se prazna karate haiM ki unheM alaga kyoM kiyA jA rahA hai, hamArA mA~ mATI se viyogIkaraNa kisa kAraNa ho rahA hai ? to kumhAra kSamAyAcanA -sI karatA hai : "saMkara - doSa kA / vAraNa karanA thA mujhe so / kaMkara - koSa kA / vAraNa kiyA / " (pR.46 ) kaMkaroM ko phira bhI zikAyata banI rahatI hai| ve kisI bhI sthiti meM mA~ mATI kA sAtha chor3anA nahIM cAhate / unake samAdhAna ke lie kumhAra ko unheM aura taraha se samajhAnA hotA hai / ve phira bhI nahIM mAnate to anta meM mATI ko hI unheM samajhAnA par3atA hai : "saMyama kI rAha calo / rAhI bananA hI to / hIrA bananA hai, svayaM rAhI zabda hI / viloma rUpa se kaha rahA hairA" hI hIrA / " (pR. 56-57 ) mATI kA yaha upadeza kaMkaroM ko svIkAra hotA hai aura ve saMyama kI rAha para calane kA saMkalpa karate haiM / aba mATI ke kumbha banane kI kriyA prArambha hotI hai / pahale mATI ko jala dekara phulAnA hai / jala ke lie kumbhakAra kUpa ke pAsa jAtA hai / bAlaTI ko kUpa meM bhejane ke lie ulajhI rassI ko sulajhAne kA yatna karatA hai aura isa yatna meM vaha thaka-hAra-sA jAtA hai| taba vaha danta paMkti kA upayoga karatA hai usa ulajhI rassI kI gA~Tha kholane ke lie, parantu taba bhI saphalatA nahIM milatI / " phira bhI ! isa para bhI !!/ gA~Tha kA khulanA to dUra, / vaha hilatI taka nahIM pratyuta, / zUloM ke mUla hI / lagabhaga hilane ko haiM / aura / zUloM kI cUlikAe~ TUTane - bhaMga hone ko haiM / " (pR. 61) taba rasanA kAma AtI hai| vaha apanI pratAr3anA aura lAra se rassI ke astitva ko hilA detI hai aura dA~ta vaha gA~Tha khola dete haiN| saMsAra - yAtrA kI ulajhanoM aura kaThinAiyoM kI sahaja kriyAoM ko pratIkAtmaka mAdhyama se kavi ne yahA~ prastuta kiyA aura pratIkAtmaka rUpa se hI mArga dikhAyA hai: "hamArI upAsya devatA / ahiMsA hai / aura / jahA~ gA~Tha-granthi hai vahA~ nizcita hI / hiMsA chalatI hai / / artha yaha huA ki granthi hiMsA kI sampAdikA hai / aura / nirgrantha- dazA meM hI ahiMsA palatI hai, / pala-pala panapatI, / bala pAtI hai|" (pR. 64) kumbhakAra kA agalA karma hai usa kUpa se jala nikAlanA, jisameM eka machalI bAhara Ane ke lie chaTapaTA rahI hai / yaha pratIkAtmaka chaTapaTAhaTa hai bandhanayukta AtmA ke bandhana se mukta hone kI : " nazvara prANoM kI / Asa bhAga calI / Izvara prANoM kI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 163 pyAsa jAga calI/machalI ke ghaTa meM!" (pR. 68) phira kumbhakAra sAvadhAnI pUrvaka bAlaTI kUpa meM chor3atA hai tAki vahA~ ke nAnA jalacara jIvoM kA ghAta TAla ske| bAlaTI ke pAnI ke qarIba Ate hI usa dRr3ha nizcayI machalI ko chor3a kara sabhI machaliyA~ bhAga jAtI haiM idhara-udhara / phira usa machalI kI anya machaliyoM se dharma carcA zurU ho jAtI hai aura dUsarI machalI ke mu~ha se ye zabda nikalate haiM : "kahA~ taka kaheM aba!/dharma kA jhaNDA bhI/DaNDA bana jAtA hai zAstra zastra bana jAtA hai/avasara paakr|/aur prabhu-stuti meM tatpara/surIlI bA~surI bhI/bA~sa bana pITa sakatI hai prabhu-patha para calanevAloM ko |/smy kI balihArI hai !" (pR. 73) jahA~ tanika bhI avasara milatA hai kavi sama-sAmayika samAja para, usake doSoM para mIThI cuTakI lene se apane Apako nahIM roka pAtA / aura phira bAhara Ane ko utsuka machalI kUpa ke jala se bAlaTI ke pAnI meM kUda kara bAlaTI ke sAtha Upara A jAtI hai bAhara, dhUpa meM / bAhara Akara machalI sukha-jharI rUpa ke nandana vana ko dekhatI hai|| kumbhakAra sAfa suthare khAdI ke dohare vastra se pAnI chAnane lagatA hai ki usakI dRSTi pAnI se uchalatI aura mATI ke pAvana caraNoM meM giratI machalI kI ora jAtI hai / machalI kI A~khoM se harSAzru jhara rahe haiN| ___ machalI aura mATI mA~ kA vArtAlApa zurU hotA hai| samaya parivartana ke sAtha-sAtha dhana kI bar3hatI lAlasA ke bAre meM vaha kucha kahatI hai aura phira machalI, mA~ mATI se Agraha karatI hai ki vaha bhI kucha kahe / mATI kahatI hai : "samajhane kA prayAsa karo, beTA !/sat-yuga ho yA kaliyuga/bAharI nahIM bhItarI ghaTanA hai vaha/sat kI khoja meM lagI dRSTi hI/sat-yuga hai, beTA! aura/asat-viSayoM meM DUbI/A-pAda-kaNTha sat ko asat mAnanevAlI dRSTi/svayaM kaliyuga hai, beTA !" (pR. 83) yaha yugoM kI bilakula hI nUtana paribhASA adhyAtma kA sandeza sunAtI huI antaratama meM praveza karatI hai| usake bAda anya aneka upadezoM se mATI machalI ko kRtArtha karatI hai aura kumbhakAra se nivedana karatI hai : "isa bhavyAtmA ko/kUpa meM pahu~cA do/surakSA ke sAtha avilamba ! anyathA/isa kA avasAna hogA/doSa ke bhAgI tuma banoge asahanIya duHkha jisakA/phaladAna hogA!" (pR. 88) kumbhakAra mATI ke Adeza kA pAlana karatA hai aura vastra meM jo anya jalIya jantu zeSa bace the, unake sAtha machalI ko bhI bAlaTI meM zuddha jala DAla kara kUpa meM surakSita pahu~cA detA hai / kUpa meM 'dayAvisuddho dhammo' kI pAvana dhvani gUMja uThatI hai| yahIM para 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' nAmaka pahalA khaNDa samApta hotA hai| dUsarA khaNDa prArambha hotA hai zilpI ke mATI meM nirmala jala milAne se / zilpI jala milI mATI ko kucha samaya ke lie rakha detA hai / vaha zizira Rtu kI ThaNDI rAta hai jise zilpI eka patalI-sI sUtI cAdara se khuzI-khuzI kATa denA cAhatA hai| yaha sthiti mATI ke mana meM prazna khar3e karatI hai aura vaha kumbhakAra se anurodha karatI hai : "kAyA to kAyA hai/jar3a kI chAyA-mAyA hai/lagatI hai jAyA-sI. so"/kama se kama eka kambala to""/kAyA para le lo nA !" (pR. 92)
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________________ 164 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA isI ke sAtha mATI aura kumbhakAra ke bIca prakRti aura puruSa kI dArzanika carcA prArambha hotI hai / kumbhakAra kahatA hai: "puruSa prakRti se/yadi dUra hogA/nizcita hI vaha/vikRti kA pUra hogA puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI/mokSa hai, sAra hai|" (pR. 93) isa eka hI sUtra se mATI ke sAre hI praznoM kA samAdhAna ho jAtA hai| jala se sammilana ke bAda mATI kA phUlanA svAbhAvika hai| isI phUlI huI miTTI se usa maMgalamaya kumbha kA nirmANa hogaa| acAnaka mATI kI dRSTi usa kSata-vikSata kA~Te para par3atI hai jo mATI kI khudAI ke samaya kudAlI ke prahAra se apanA tana khaNDita kara baiThA thA / vaha parakha letI hai kA~Te ke mana meM uThate badale kA bhAva ! aura mATI kA sambodhana zurU hotA hai kA~Te ke prati : "badale kA bhAva vaha dala-dala hai/ki jisameM/bar3e-bar3e baila hI kyA, bala-zAlI gaja-dala taka/burI taraha phaMsa jAte haiM aura gala-kapola taka/pUrI taraha dhaMsa jAte haiN|" (pR. 97) zUla ko taba apanI bhUla kA ehasAsa hotA hai aura vaha apane bAre meM, usako sparzita karanevAle phUloM, latAoM evaM lalAma cAmavAloM ke prati bahuta kucha kaha jAtA hai / usakI hara ukti satya ko nae hI rUpa meM prastuta karatI hai : "dama sukha hai, sukha kA srota/mada duHkha hai, sukha kI mauta !/tathApi yaha kaisI viDambanA hai,/ki/saba ke mukha se phUloM kI hI/prazaMsA hotI hai, aura/zUloM kI hiMsA !/kyA yaha/satya para AkramaNa nahIM hai ?" (pR. 102) isa zUla ke mukha se udghATita satya mATI ko abhibhUta kara jAtA hai / isa carcA ko kumbhakAra bhI suna rahA thA / vaha kA~Te se apanI bhUla ke prati kSamA mA~gatA hai / kA~Te kI sanAtana cetanA isase prabhAvita hotI hai : "apane ko chor3akara/para-padArtha se prabhAvita honA hI moha kA pariNAma hai/aura/saba ko chor3akara apane Apa meM bhAvita honA/hI/mokSa kA dhAma hai|" (pR. 109) usake bAda lekhanI aura sAhitya, vaktA aura zrotA tathA nIra-kSIra viveka para gambhIra carcA hotI hai, jisakA zabda-zabda mananIya hai / aba bArI AtI hai mATI ko rauMdane kI, vaha bhI hAtha se nahIM, pairoM se / pairoM se mATI ko rauMde binA vaha kumbha ke nirmANa kA upAdAna nahIM bana sakatI / isa rauMdane kI kriyA se kumbhakAra prasanna nahIM hai, yaha usakI vivazatA hai / vaha jhijhakatA hai / isa avasara para mATI bhI mauna hai aura kumbhakAra bhI mauna / taba hI yaha mauna mukhara ho uThatA hai: "o mA~ mATI!/zilpI ke viSaya meM terI bhI AsthA asthira-sI laga rahI hai|" (pR. 119) aura: "AsthA ke binA AcaraNa meM/Ananda AtA nahIM, A sakatA nhiiN| phira,/AsthAvAlI sakriyatA hI/niSThA kahalAtI hai, yaha bAta bhI jJAta rahe !" (pR. 120)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 165 mauna kA yaha sambhASaNa kitanA mArmika hai| parantu mATI ko yaha bAta cubha-sI jAtI hai| vaha mauna ko apane mRdu DhaMga se pratAr3ita karanA cAhatI hai / para zilpI kI nIlI A~kheM nIlimA chir3akAtI use zAnta kara detI haiN| tatpazcAt zilpI ke antara meM tana aura cetana kA dvandva zurU hotA hai aura kaI nae AdhyAtmika satyoM kA udghATana hotA hai| phira kumbhakAra ke pada mATI ko rauMdane lagate haiM kartavyavaza : "zilpI ke padoM ne anubhava kiyA/asambhava ko sambhava kiyA-sama lagA, lagA yaha mRdutA kA parasa/pAra para parakha rahA hai / parama-puruSa ko kahIM/jo parasa kI pakar3a se pare hai|" (pR. 127) isa kriyA ke calate mATI zilpakAra se kucha kahatI hai, use utsAhita, protsAhita karatI hai| "rauMdana-kriyA aura gati pakar3atI hai/mATI kI gaharAI meM DUbate haiM zilpI ke pada AjAnu !/puruSa kI puSTa piMDariyoM se lipaTatI huI prakRti, mATI/sugandha kI pyAsI banI candana taru-lipaTI nAgina-sI!" (pR. 130) aura anajAne hI zilpI ke astitva meM se vIra rasa phUTa par3atA hai| vaha vIrya zilpI se bAteM karatA hai| vIratva aura zilpI meM bahasa chir3atI hai, vIratva ke hI bAre meM / mATI ha~sakara unameM bIca-bacAva karatI hai| tabhI hAsya rasa chalaka kara apanI bAta karatA hai aura use mATI cupa karA detI hai| _ acAnaka zilpI kI mati bigar3ane lagatI hai aura mahAsattA kA mahAbhayAnaka rUpa use dikhAI detA hai / usa mahA bhayaMkara dRzya ko dekhakara zilpI kI mati dahala jAtI hai / zilpI kA apanApana lauTa AtA hai aura vaha use samajhA kara zAnta karatA hai| yahA~ pAThaka anubhava karatA hai ki kavi aisI koI sthiti, aisA koI bhAva, aisA koI zabda abhivyakta karane se nahIM cUkatA jo eka nae artha ke udghATana meM usakA sAtha detA ho / yahA~ mauna bhI bolatA hai, mati bhI, hAsya, vIra aura vismaya rasa bhI / yahA~ zilpI kA yaha sambodhana kitanA mahattvapUrNa hai : "eka bAta aura-/tana milatA hai tana-dhArI ko/surUpa yA kurUpa, surUpa vAlA rUpa meM aura nikhAra/kurUpa vAlA rUpa meM sudhAra lAne kA prayAsa karatA hai/AbharaNa-AbhUSaNa zRMgAroM se / parantu/jise rUpa kI pyAsa nahIM hai,/arUpa kI Asa lagI ho use kyA prayojana jar3a zRMgAroM se !" (pR. 139) taba zRMgAra bhI apane bacAva meM kucha bola par3atA hai aura zilpI se nayA sambodhana pAtA hai / zRMgAra phira svara kI bAta karatA hai aura zilpI kahatA hai : "saMgIta use mAnatA hU~/jo saMgAtIta hotA hai/aura prIti use mAnatA hU~/jo aMgAtIta hotI hai merA saMgI saMgIta hai/sapta-svaroM se atIta!" (pR. 144-145) eka AdhyAtmika santa ke sivA bhalA ye zabda aura kisakI lekhanI se nikala sakate haiM ?
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________________ 166 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA svara kI nazvaratA aura sArahInatA siddha huI to karuNA ubhara aaii| vaha paraspara lar3ate ina sabako zAnta karane kA prayatna karatI hai aura phira apane svabhAvAnusAra chalaka par3atI hai| taba zilpI socatA hai karuNA aura zAnta rasa ke bAre meM: "uchalatI huI upayoga kI pariNati vaha/karuNA hai/nahara kI bhA~ti !/aura ujalI-sI upayoga kI pariNati vaha/zAnta rasa hai/nadI kI bhA~ti ! nahara kheta meM jAtI hai/dAha ko miTAkara/sUkha pAtI hai, aura nadI sAgara ko jAtI hai/rAha ko miTAkara/sukha pAtI hai|" (pR. 155-156) phira vAtsalya rasa aura zAnta rasa kI tulanA apane Apa hone lagatI hai / rauMdana kriyA pUrI hotI hai| cakra ghumAkara zilpI mATI kA loMdA usa para rakhatA hai aura loMdA cakravat ghUmane lagatA hai| isa taraha ghUmate hue mATI ke mana meM saMsAracakra ke bAre meM kucha prazna uThate haiN| zilpI samajhAtA hai : "cakra aneka-vidha huA karate haiM/saMsAra kA cakra vaha hai jo rAga-roSa Adi vaibhAvika/adhyavasAna kA kAraNa hai; cakrI kA cakra vaha hai jo/bhautika-jIvana ke/avasAna kA kAraNa hai, parantu/kulAla-cakra yaha, vaha sAna hai/jisa para jIvana car3hakara anupama pahaluoM se nikhara AtA hai,/pAvana jIvana kI aba zAna kA kAraNa hai|" (pR.161-162) tabhI zilpI ke upayoga meM kumbha kA AkAra ubharatA hai / prAsaMgika prAkRta hotA hai, jJAna jJeyAkAra hotA hai aura dhyAna dhyeyAkAra / zilpI kumbha ko ghRta se bhare ghaTa jaisA AkAra dekara dharatI para utAratA hai| do-tIna dina ke avakAza se kumbha kA gIlApana miTa jAtA hai| zilpI prasanna hokara kumbha ko hAtha meM uThA letA hai aura phira hAtha meM soTa lekara kumbha kI khoTa para coTa karatA hai| usake bAda kucha tattvodghATaka saMkhyAoM kA aMkana, vicitra citroM kA citraNa tathA kavitAoM kA sRjana kumbha para hone lagatA hai / yahA~ nau kI saMkhyA kA rahasya bhI udghATita hotA hai : "saMsAra 99 kA cakkara hai/yaha kahAvata caritArtha hotI hai isIlie/bhavika mumukSuoM kI dRSTi meM/99 heya ho aura dhyeya ho 9/nava-jIvana kA srota !" (pR.167) phira kumbha para siMha aura zvAna kA citraNa hotA hai, do viparIta prakRti vAle prANiyoM kA, jinakA vistRta varNana kavi kI lekhanI karatI hai| phira 'hI' aura 'bhI' ye do akSara bhI kumbha para likhe jAte haiM aura 'ekAntavAda' aura 'anekAntavAda' kI carcA svAbhAvika rUpa se udbhUta hotI hai| kumbha meM jala kA aMza zeSa hai abhI, use sukhAne ke lie tapI huI khulI dharatI para rakhatA hai kumbhakAra / "binA tapa ke jalatva kA, ajJAna kA,/vilaya ho nahIM sakatA aura/binA tapa ke jalatva kA, varSA kA,/udaya ho nahIM sakatA tapa ke abhAva meM hI/tapatA rahatA hai antarmana yaha
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 167 ananta saMkalpa-vikalpoM se/kalpa-kAloM se|" (pR. 176) isa taraha eka mahAn satya kA udghATana hotA hai / isI bhAva bhUmi para tapana aura vasanta kI carcA vistAra se hotI hai aura 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' zIrSaka vAlA dUsarA khaNDa samApta hotA hai| tIsare khaNDa kA zIrSaka hai 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana / ' tIsare khaNDa ke prArambha meM kavi pralaya, samudra, candramA aura sUrya ko apanI alaukika dRSTi se nae artha detA hai aura artha ke anartha kI ora iMgita karatA hai / aura jala tattva aura dharatI ke sambandhoM kI dArzanika paribhASA bhI detA hai : "yaha kaTu-satya hai ki/artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatI, artha kI lipsA ne bar3oM-bar3oM ko/nirlajja banAyA hai / " (pR. 192) idhara kumbhakAra ko kisI vizeSa kAraNavaza, tIna-cAra dinoM ke lie mATI ke badale rUpa kumbha ko chor3a kara bAhara jAnA par3A / parantu vaha tana apane sAtha le gayA thA, mana to mATI meM hI thaa| isI bIca kathA meM eka nayA mor3a aayaa| kumbha ke sUkha jAne aura dRr3ha ho jAne para sAgara cintita thA / eka IrSyA-sI usameM paidA ho gii| usane apane anucara bAdaloM ko kumbha ko phira se pAnI se bhigokara naSTa karane ke lie bhejA / tIna badaliyA~ cala par3I kumbhakAra ke upAzrama kI ora, taraha-taraha ve vargoM kI sAr3iyA~-sI pahane / pahale unhoMne sUrya ko Dhakane kI koziza kI parantu saphala nahIM huiiN| unheM sUrya kI pratAr3anA sunanI par3I ki nArI hokara tuma pralaya macAne kyoM nikalI ho ? nArI to mA~ hotI hai vaha to pAlana karanA jAnatI hai, saMhAra nhiiN| - "inakI A~kheM haiM karuNA kI kArikA/zatrutA chU nahIM sakatI inheM milana-sArI mitratA/mufta milatI rahatI inase |/yhii kAraNa hai ki inakA sArthaka nAma hai 'nArI'/yAnI -/'na ari' nArI athavA/ye ArI nahIM haiN/so"naarii"|" (pR. 202) 0 "jo/maha yAnI maMgalamaya mAhaula, mahotsava jIvana meM lAtI hai/mahilA kahalAtI vaha / " (pR. 202) nArI ke bAre meM yaha udAtta abhivyakti kavi ke AcArya rUpa ko aura bhI pUjya banA detI hai| sUrya kI ye bAteM badaliyoM ke mana ko badala giiN| unheM apane pati sAgara kA pakSa anyAyapUrNa pratIta huA aura unakI A~khoM se kucha azru jalakaNoM ke rUpa meM dharatI para A gire / ve the megha-muktAoM ke rUpa meM / kumbhakAra ke A~gana meM motiyoM kI varSA hone lgii| __isa Azcaryajanaka ghaTanA kA samAcAra rAjA taka pahu~cA / rAjA ne apane anucaroM ko boriyA~ lekara bhejA kumbhakAra ke A~gana se motI baTorane ke lie| tabhI gagana-dhvani hotI hai jo unheM cetAvanI detI hai ki binA parizrama, binA puruSArtha ke dhana kI lAlasA karanA pApa hai / parantu anucara nahIM mAnate aura jyoM hI motI baTorane ke lie Age bar3hate haiM, motiyoM ko chUte hI unheM bicchU ke DaMka kI vedanA hotI hai aura unake zarIra nIle par3a jAte haiN| tabhI kumbhakAra kA Agamana hotA hai / rAjA ke anucaroM kI durdazA dekha kara use bahuta duHkha hotA hai / vaha prabhu se prArthanA karatA hai oMkAra dhvani ke saath| kumbhakAra oMkAra mantra se abhimantrita jala una viSa-pIr3ita vyaktiyoM para chir3akatA hai| unakI cetanA lauTatI hai aura ve Darakara motiyoM se dUra jA khar3e hote haiN| kumbhakAra rAjA se kSamA-yAcanA karatA hai aura svayaM apane hAthoM se motI
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________________ 168 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA baTorakara rAjA ko samarpita karatA hai / kumbha aba cupa nahIM raha pAtA, vaha rAjA ko kharI-kharI sunAtA hai| "kali-kAla kI vaiSayika chA~va meM/prAyaH yahI sIkhA hai isa vizva ne vaizvavRtti ke pariveza meM-/vezyAvRtti kI vaiyAvRtya"!" (pR.217) kumbha dvArA rAjA kI yaha pratAr3anA kumbhakAra ko nahIM rucii| usane 'choTe mu~ha-bar3I bAta' kahane ke lie kumbha ko Ar3e hAthoM liyA : "laghu hokara gurujanoM ko/bhUlakara bhI pravacana denA/mahA ajJAna hai du:kha-mudhA, parantu,/guruoM se guNa grahaNa karanA/yAnI/ziva-patha para caleMge hama, yU~ unheM vacana denA/mahA varadAna hai sukh-sudhaa|" (pR. 218-219) yaha sunakara rAjA kA ubAla zAnta hotA hai / vaha kumbhakAra se muktA-upahAra lekara prayANa karatA hai aura muktAoM kI durlabha nidhi se rAjakoSa aura samRddha hotA hai| udhara kumbha ko naSTa karane ke badale kumbhakAra ke A~gana meM motiyoM kI varSA karake lauTatI huI badaliyoM ko dekhakara sAgara bahuta kSubdha huaa| usane mana hI mana striyoM ke svabhAva ke bAre meM bahuta kucha kaha DAlA / sAgara kA yaha udvelana sunakara sUrya ne samudra meM chupe bar3avAnala ko sAgara ko jalA DAlane kI AjJA dI / sAgara ne bar3avAnala se anurodha kiyA ki vaha anucita kArya na kare / parantu phira bhI sAgara cupa nahIM baitthaa| usane pralaya karane kI tthaanii| pralaya macAne ke lie usane tIna raMga ke bAdaloM kA AhvAna kiyA- kAle, gahare nIle aura kApota-kabUtara ke raMga vaale| ye tIna raMga pratIka haiM tIna azubha lezyAoM ke, jinake vaza meM hokara saMsArI prANI kukRtya karate rahate haiN| sAgara ke bheje tInoM varNa ke bAdala sUrya se jA mile, aura usakI pratAr3anA karane lage : "are khara prabhAkara, suna !/bhale hI gaganamaNi kahalAtA hai tU, saura-maNDala devatA-graha-/graha-gaNoM meM agra tujhameM vyagratA kI sImA dikhatI hai/are ugraziromaNi ! terA vigrahayAnI-/deha-dhAraNa karanA vRthA hai|" (pR. 231) prabhAkara sUrya bhI bAdaloM ko phaTakAratA hai aura donoM ora se noMka-jhoMka calatI rahatI hai| sUrya para koI prabhAva na hote dekha sAgara ne apane mitra rAhu ko yAda kiyA sUrya ko grahaNa lagAne ke lie| sAgara ne rAhu ko apanI ratna-rAzi kA lAlaca diyA aura rAhu mAna gyaa| "sAgara-pakSa kA samarthana huA/rAhu rAjI huA, rAzi svIkRta huI so"durbalatA miTI/sAgara kA pakSa sabala huaa|/jb rAhu kA ghara bhara gayA/anudyama-prApta amApa nidhi se / taba/rAhu kA sara bhara gayA/viSa-viSama pApa-nidhi se|" (pR. 236) rAhu ke bahAne Aja kI Arthika-rAjanItika sthitiyoM para kaisA karArA vyaMgya hai yh| grahaNakAla A gyaa| dina kA prakAza avaruddha huaa| bhAskara rAhu ke gAla meM samA gayA, cAroM ora bhaya kA vAtAvaraNa chA gyaa| pakSI Darakara apane nIr3oM meM jA chupe / isa dRzya ko citrita karane meM kavi kI lekhanI camatkRta-sI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 169 "kAka - kokila - kapotoM meM / cIla - cir3iyA - cAtaka - cita meM bAgha- -bher3a-bAja- bakoM meM / sAraMga - kuraMga - siMha - aMga meM khaga-kharagozoM-kharoM-khaloM meM / lalita - lalAma - lajIla latAoM meM parvata - paramonnata zikharoM meM / praur3ha pAdapoM au' paudhoM meM pallava- pAtoM, phala-phUloM meM / viraha-vedanA kA unmeSa dekhA nahIM jAtA nimeSa bhI / " (pR. 240 ) sUrya ko rAhu se grasita dekhakara bAdaloM ke dala ke dala umar3a par3e pralayakAriNI varSA kI bhUmikA ke rUpa meM / dharatI para yaha anartha hote dekha indra apanA indra-dhanuSa lekara gopanIya rUpa se prakaTa huA / usane tIvra bANa calAkara bAdaloM ke daloM ko bikhera diyA / bAdaloM ne krodhita hokara bijalI kar3akar3AI to indra ne apanA amogha astra vajra bAdaloM para pheNkaa| meghoM ke mu~ha se 'Aha' kI dhvani niklii| bAdala cIkhate hue bhAgane lage / bAdaloM kI Aha sunakara sAgara kA roSa bar3hA / usane bAdaloM ko upalavRSTi - oloM kI barasAta karane kA Adeza diyA aura phira laghu-guru, aNumahA, taraha-taraha ke koNoM vAle bar3e-bar3e ole barasane lage / oloM se saura maNDala bhara gayA / isa sthAna para kavi kA cintana aNu, saura aura bhUmaNDala kI zaktiyoM kI ora mur3atA hai aura 'sTAra vAra' taka calA jAtA hai| lekina kumbharUpiNI mATI para isa bhayAnaka upala-vRSTi kA koI prabhAva nahIM hotA / "isa pratikUlatA meM bhI / bhUkhe bhU- kaNoM kA sAhasa adbhuta hai, tyAga-tapasyA anUThI ! / janma- -bhUmi kI lAja / mA~ - pRthivI kI pratiSThA dRDha niSThA ke binA / Tika nahIM sktii|" (pR. 252 ) isa avasara para kA~Te bhI vAcAla ho uThate haiM aura Ae saMkaTa ko lalakArate haiN| tabhI phUla aura pavana bhI zilpI ke pakSa kA samarthana karate hue bAdaloM ko pratAr3ita karate haiM / pavana prabala vega se bAdaloM ko bikharA dete haiM aura dhUpa phara nikhara AtI hai / vAtAvaraNa punaH Ananda aura maMgalamaya ho jAtA hai| sUrya kiraNa rUpI apane sahasroM karoM ko phailA kara zilpI kI palakoM ko sahalAtA hai / svastha kumbhakAra se kumbha kahatA hai : " parISaha - upasarga ke binA kabhI / svarga aura apavarga kI upalabdhi na huI, na hogI / traikAlika satya hai yaha !" (pR. 266 ) isake bAda parama utsAhita kumbhakAra kumbha ko Aga kI nadI pAra karane kA AhvAna karatA hai, jisake lie kumbha pUrNata: prastuta hai / tIsarA khaNDa yahIM samApta hotA hai / 'mUkamATI' kA caturtha khaNDa 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' zIrSaka se prakaTa hotA hai| yaha khaNDa ghaTanAcakroM se bharapUra hai tathA tIvra gati se carama taka pahu~catA hai / avA yAnI bhaTThI meM lakar3iyA~ sajAI jAtI haiN| ina lakar3iyoM meM babUla kI lakar3I bhI hai jo kumbhakAra se apanI Atma-vedanA kahatI hai kucha dArzanikatA ke sAtha, aura phira kumbha ko agni parIkSA ke lie jalAne ko taiyAra ho jAtI hai / agni prakaTa hotI hai aura kahatI hai- 'maiM dUsaroM kI parIkSA letI hU~ parantu merI parIkSA kauna legA ?" "apanI kasauTI para apane ko kasanA / bahuta sarala hai, para
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________________ 170 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sahI-sahI nirNaya lenA bahuta kaThina hai, / kyoMki, apanI A~khoM kI lAlI / apane ko nahIM dikhatI hai / " (pR. 276 ) kumbha agni se anurodha karatA hai ki tumhAre sadguNoM se sabhI prabhAvita haiM kyoMki ziSToM para anugraha karanA sahaja prApta zakti kA sadupayoga hai, dharma hai / aura agni apanA dharma prakaTa karatI hai, avA z2oroM se jala uThatA hai| kumbha ke sAre astitva meM dhuA~ samA jAtA hai : hai : "udara meM dhUma ko pUra kara/ kumbha ne kumbhaka prANAyAma kiyA jo dhyAna kI siddhi meM sAdhakatama hai / nIroga yoga- taru kA mUla hai / " (pR. 279 ) lakar3iyA~ agni ko janma dekara agni meM lIna huI / kumbha bhI isa agni parIkSA se pAra utarakara dhanya ho uThatA " pariNAma - paridhi se / abhirAma - avadhi se / aba yaha bacanA cAhatA hai, prabho ! / rUpa - sarasa se / gandha - parasa se pare apanI racanA cAhatA hai, vibho ! / saMga-rahita ho jaMga-rahita ho/zuddha lauha aba/dhyAna-dAha meM basa pacanA cAhatA hai, prabho !" (pR. 285) isake bAda agni aura kumbha meM dhyAna aura darzana para carcA hotI hai| agni kahatI hai : "darzana kA srota mastaka hai, / svastika se aMkita hRdaya adhyAtma kA jharanA jharatA hai / / darzana ke binA adhyAtma - jIvana cala sakatA hai, calatA hI hai / para, hA~ ! binA adhyAtma, darzana kA darzana nahIM / " (pR. 288 ) isa eka sUtra meM AcAryazrI ke kavi ne anaginata cintana - carcAoM kA sAra bhara diyA hai| kumbhakAra ina carcAoM ko svapna meM dekhatA - sunatA hai / parantu aise svapna AnA sabake bhAgya meM kahA~ ? yahA~ 'svapna' kA apanI taraha se vizleSaNa karatA hai kavi : 66 'sva' yAnI apanA / 'p' yAnI pAlana - saMrakSaNa / aura 'na' yAnI nahIM, / jo nija-bhAva kA rakSaNa nahIM kara sakatA vaha auroM ko kyA sahayoga degA ?" (pR. 295) aura phira svapna - jagat se kumbhakAra satya - jagat meM AtA hai / agni parIkSA se parIkSita kumbha sakuzala bAhara AtA hai / parIkSita kumbha ko dekha kara kumbhakAra ke harSa kA pAra nahIM / vaha isa kumbha ke sAthI aneka kumbhoM ko bhI avA se bAhara nikAlatA hai / kumbha ke hRdaya meM tabhI atithi satkAra kA bhAva jAgatA hai / usa pUta - pavitra atithi pAtra kI taraha -taraha kI kalpanAe~ karatA hai kumbha : " mAnApamAna samAna jinheM, / yoga meM nizcala meru- sama, upayoga meM nizchala dhenu- sama / lokaiSaNA se pare hoM / mAtra zuddha-tattva kI -
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 171 gaveSaNA meM pare ho;/chidrAnveSI nahIM/guNa-grAhI hoN|" (pR. 300) ThIka usI samaya nagara seTha ne bhI eka sapanA dekhA ki vaha apane prAMgaNa meM aise hI bhikSArthI mahAsanta kA svAgata kara rahA hai| jAgate hI usane aise atithi ke svAgata ke lie apane eka sevaka ko kumbhakAra ke pAsa bheja diyaa| yaha sandeza sevaka se sunakara harSita hokara kumbhakAra ne kahA : "dama sAdhaka huA hamArA/zrama sArthaka huA hamArA aura/hama sArthaka hue|" (pR. 302) sevaka bajA kara kumbha kI parIkSA karatA hai| kumbha meM se sAta svara nikalate haiM jinakA bhAva thA : "sAre ga'ma yAnI/sabhI prakAra ke du:kha/pa"gha yAnI ! pada-svabhAva aura/ni yAnI nahIM,/du:kha AtmA kA svabhAva-dharma nahIM ho sakatA, moha-karma se prabhAvita AtmA kA/vibhAva-pariNamana mAtra hai vh|" (pR.305) kaisA adbhuta vizleSaNa hai svara-saMgIta kA / sevaka jaba kumbha kA mUlya dene lagatA hai to kumbhakAra yaha kaha kara ki Aja dAna kA dina hai, ata: kucha bhI lene se inakAra kara detA hai / kumbha kumbhakAra-apane janmadAtA ke ghara se vidA hotA hai eka nae ullAsa ke sAtha / yahA~ se kathA eka nayA mor3a letI hai| nagara seTha prasanna hokara sevaka se vaha kumbha letA hai aura use zItala jala se dhokara dAe~ hAtha kI anAmikA se svayaM kA pratIka svastika malayAcala ke candana se aMkita karatA hai aura dharma paramparAnusAra use anya cihnoM se cihnita karatA hai / phira kumbha ke mukha para tAMbUla patra rakhakara, usa para zrIphala rakhakara use pUrNa 'maMgala kalaza' kA rUpa detA hai| yahA~ zrIphala aura pattoM ke bIca kAThinya aura mRdutA para bAteM hotI haiN| phira vaha kumbha aSTa pahalUvAlI candana kI caukI para mAno atithi-pratIkSA ke lie rakha diyA jAtA hai| nitya niyama ke anusAra seTha apane mahAprAsAda ke paMcama khaNDa para sthApita caityAlaya meM prabhu kI rajata pratimA kI vandanA aura abhiSeka-prakSAlana karatA hai, phira aSTa maMgala dravyoM se unakI pUjA karatA hai| __ apane-apane prAMgaNa meM atithi kI pratIkSA ke lie nagara ke nara-nArI A khar3e hote haiN| nagara seTha bhI maMgala kumbha lekara khar3A ho jAtA hai| atithi kA Agamana hotA hai / dAtAoM ke mukha se jaya-jayakAra dhvani nikala par3atI hai| parantu ve vItarAga nirgrantha atithi unheM dekhate hue Age nikala jAte haiM / dAnadAtAoM meM udAsI chA jAtI hai| seTha bhI isI AzaMkA se udAsa hone ko hai ki kumbha use saceta karatA hai| nagara seTha kA bhAgya usake sAtha thaa| atithi usake sAmane Akara ruka ge| abhyAgata kA svAgata prArambha huA, navadhA-bhaktipUrvaka / yahA~ kavi ne AhAra-dAna kA vistRta aura sundara vivecana apanI gatizIla lekhanI se kiyA hai| atithi tathA AhAra kA varNana karate-karate kavi AcArya kundakunda ke 'samayasAra' ke sarvavizuddha adhikAra ke marma taka pahu~ca jAtA hai : "...madhura, amla, kaSAya Adika/jo bhI rasa hoM zubha yA azubhakabhI nahIM kahate, ki/hameM cakha lo tuma |/lghu-guru snigdha-rUkSa zIta-uSNa mRdu-kaThora/jo bhI sparza ho, zubha yA azubha
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________________ 172 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kabhI kahate nahIM ki/hameM chU lo, tuma |/surbhi yA durabhi jo bhI gandha ho, zubha yA azubha-/kabhI kahate nahIM, ki hameM sUMgha lo, tum|/...prs-rs-gndh/ruup aura zabda ye jar3a ke dharma haiM/jar3a ke krm"|" (pR. 329-330) jaina siddhAnta meM phalita bheda-vijJAna kA vizleSaNa ina paMktiyoM meM spaSTa dikhAI detA hai / aura phira, atithi kI aMjuli khulatI hai, AhAra-dAna prArambha hotA hai / atithi kI vizeSatAoM kA vistRta vivaraNa agalI paMktiyoM meM hai / seTha kA pUrA parivAra atithi ko die gae AhAra dAna se prasanna ho uThatA hai| idhara vahA~ upasthita anya jar3a vastuoM kI bhAva-bhaMgimA kA sUkSma citraNa kavi ne kiyA hai / ve haiM- seTha kA uttarIya, aMgUThiyA~, kuNDala / kuNDala aura kapoloM meM bhI carcA hone lagatI hai| AhAra pUrNa hotA hai| seTha niSparigraha atithi se upadeza ke do zabda kahane kA anurodha karatA hai / atithi kucha hI zabdoM meM siddhAnta kA nicor3a prastuta kara dete haiM : "bAhara yaha/jo kucha bhI dikha rahA hai/so''maiM "nahIM hai aura vaha merA bhI nahIM hai|/ye A~kheM/mujhe dekha nahIM sakatIM/mujha meM dekhane kI zakti hai/usI kA maiM sraSTA/thA"hU~"rahU~gA, bAhara yaha/jo kucha bhI dikha rahA hai/so''maiM "nhiiN"huuN|" (pR. 345) atithi upavana kI ora vidA hote haiN| unakA kamaNDalu lekara seTha unake pIche-pIche chAyA kI taraha jAtA hai nasiyAjI meM / atithi guru se vidA lete samaya viyoga kA tIvra bhAva seTha ke mana meM uThatA hai aura vaha unake puNyaprada pUjya padoM meM loTane lagatA hai, phUTa-phUTakara rote hue| vaha apane mana kI vyathA guru se kahatA hai / yaha vyathA Aja ke hara usa vyakti kI vyathA hai, jise samaya kA satya jaba taba pIr3ita karatA rahatA hai : "kyA pUrA kA pUrA AzAvAdI banU~ ?/yA saba kucha niyati para chor3a dU~ ? chor3a dUM puruSArtha ko ?/he parama-puruSa ! batAo kyA karUM? kAla kI kasauTI para/apane ko kahU~ ?/gati-pragati-Agati nati-unnati-pariNati/ina sabakA niyantA/kAla ko mAneM kyA ? prati padArtha svatantra haiN|/krtaa svatantra hotA hai-/yaha siddhAnta sadoSa hai kyA ? 'hone' rUpa kriyA ke sAtha-sAtha/'karane' rUpa kriyA bhI to.. koSa meM hai nA!" (pR. 347-348) dharma-siddhAnta-kartA-karma aura puruSArtha ke viSaya meM ye tIkhe prazna AcAryazrI kI kavi-lekhanI se mArmika rUpa se prakaTa hote haiM aura unake uttara bhI / zrIguru vAtsalya bhAva se uttara dete haiM : " 'ni' yAnI nija meM hI/'yati' yAnI yatana-sthiratA hai apane meM lIna honA hI niyati hai/nizcaya se yahI yati hai,/aura 'puruSa' yAnI AtmA-paramAtmA hai/ artha' yAnI prAptavya-prayojana hai AtmA ko chor3akara/saba padArthoM ko vismRta karanA hI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 173 sahI puruSArtha hai / " (pR. 349) aura seTha zrIguru se vidA letA hai| viyoga kI tIvra bhAvanA aba bhI usakA sAtha nahIM chodd'tii| seTha ghara lauTatA hai / sArA parivAra harSa meM DUbA hai parantu seTha ke mukha para aba bhI viraha kI udAsI hai| usakI udAsI dekhakara maMgala kumbha use taraha-taraha se samajhAtA hai, naI sArapUrNa bAteM sunAtA hai / kumbha kI bAtoM se prabhAvita hokara seTha Adeza detA hai - 'prabhu-pUjana ko chor3akara isa pakSa meM atithi ke samAna mATI ke pAtroM kA upayoga hogA / ' yaha ghoSaNA sunakara svarNa se lekara pItala taka ke dhAtu pAtroM meM IrSyA aura dveSa kI Aga jala uThI / ve socate haiM ki mATI ke kumbha ko itanA Adara-sammAna aura hama bahumUlya pAtroM kA itanA anAdara ! seTha yaha Akroza sunatA hai aura kucha siddhAnta - subhASita sunAkara unheM zAnta karAne kA prayatna karatA hai / parantu ve mUlyavAn dhAtupAtra apane abhimAna aura IrSyA ko nahIM chor3ate / pratIkAtmaka rUpa meM kavi apanI lekhanI se yahA~ dhana-vaibhava ke ahaMkAra aura akiMcanatA ke kSamAbhAva kA sUkSma vivecana karatA hai : 44 'Aja taka / na sunA, na dekhA / aura na hI par3hA, ki svarNa meM boyA gayA bIja/ aMkurita hokara / phUlA - phalA, lahalahAyA ho paudhA banakara // he svarNa - kalaza ! / dukhI - daridra jIvana ko dekhakara jo dravIbhUta hotA hai / vahI dravya anamola mAnA hai / dayA se daridra dravya kisa kAma kA ? / mATI svayaM bhIgatI hai dayA se aura/auroM ko bhI bhigotI hai| / mATI meM boyA gayA bIja samucita anila-salila pA/ poSaka tattvoM se puSTa - pUrita sahasra guNita ho phalatA hai / " (pR. 365) aura phira yaha pratAraNA bhI : "paratantra jIvana kI AdhArazilA ho tuma, / pU~jIvAda ke abhedya durgama kilA ho tuma / aura / azAnti ke antahIna silasilA !" (pR. 366) kavi mazAla aura dIpaka kI tulanA karatA hai| svarNa ko mazAla tathA mATI ko dIpaka kI upamA detA hai / isa kaThora vArtAlApa se kumbha ko Antarika vedanA hotI hai kyoMki vaha bahasa usI ke nimitta se huI thii| vaha apane Apako dhikkAratA hai / acAnaka sphaTika kI jhArI bola par3atI hai, kumbha ko tAne sunAte hue / kumbha usakA samAdhAna karane kA prayatna karatA hai / yahA~ jitanI bhI vastue~ maujUda haiM, sabhI mukhara ho uThatI haiM apanI-apanI bAta kahane ke lie| sabhI kA eka uddezya thA, mATI ke pAtra kumbha kA upahAsa karanA / usa rAta nidrA kI goda meM pUrA parivAra so gayA parantu seTha ko caina nahIM thA / use tez2a jvara car3ha AyA thaa| eka macchara aura eka khaTamala seTha kA rakta cUsane ke lie A phuNce| unakI bAtoM se seTha kA manoraMjana huA / parantu prAtaH hote-hote seTha ke jvara ne bhISaNa rUpa dhAraNa kara liyaa| sArA parivAra cintita ho uThA / taraha-taraha ke cikitsaka upacAra ke lie bulAe ge| sabhI ne eka mata se nirNaya diyA ki seTha jI ko 'dAha roga' huA hai / inheM cintA chor3akara zAnta ho jAnA cAhie / parivAra ne cikitsakoM se anurodha kiyA ki ve seTha kI adhika se adhika acchI cikitsA kareM, dhana kI paravAha na kareM / yahA~ kavi dhana para, artha para eka mRdu kaTAkSa karatA hai :
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________________ 174 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "sakala kalAoM kA prayojana banA hai/kevala/artha kA Akalana-saMkalana / AjIvikA se, cho"chI"/jIbhikA-sI gandha A rahI hai, nAsA abhyasta ho cukI hai/aura/isa viSaya meM, kheda haiA~kheM kucha kahatI nhiiN|/kis zabda kA kyA artha hai, yaha koI artha nahIM rakhatA aba!" (pR. 396) kaI taraha ke upacAra batAe jAte haiM, kie jAte haiM / AcArya-kavi apanI ora se eka mahAn upacAra batAte haiM- 'za, sa, Sa' ina tIna bIjAkSaroM ke uccAraNa ke sAtha pUrI zakti lagAkara, zvAsa ko bhItara grahaNa karanA aura use nAsikA se nikAlanA oMkAra dhvani ke rUpa meM (pR. 398) / yaha bhItarI upacAra batAkara antata: upacAra kA bAharI AyAma batAyA jAtA hai eka naI zabda-zakti ke sAtha: "bhUta kI mA~ bhU hai,/bhaviSya kI mA~ bhI bhU |/bhaav kI mA~ bhU hai, prabhAva kI mA~ bhI bhU |/bhaavnaa kI mA~ bhU hai,/sambhAvanA kI mA~ bhI bhU / bhavAnI kI mA~ bhU hai,/bhUdhara kI mA~ bhU hai,/bhUcara kI mA~ bhI bhuu| bhUkha kI mA~ bhU hai,/bhUmikA kI mA~ bhI bhU |/bhv kI mA~ bhU hai, vaibhava kI mA~ bhI bhU,/aura/svayambhU kI mA~ bhI bhU |/tiin kAla meM tIna bhuvana meM/saba kI bhUmikA bhU |/bhuu ke sivA kucha dikhatA nahIM bhU bhU "bhU"bhU"/yatra-tatra-sarvatra "bhU / 'bhU sattAyAM' kahA hai nA/koSakAroM ne yuga ke atha meM !" (pR. 399) isa taraha bhU kI beTI mATI se seTha kI cikitsA prArambha huii| chanI huI kAlI mATI meM napA-tulA zItala jala milA kara eka loMdA banAkara seTha ke sira para Topa kI taraha rakhA gyaa| tatkAla vaha gIlI miTTI seTha ke mastaka meM vyApta garmI ko sokhane lagI / seTha kI cetanA lauTane lagI, mu~ha se oMkAra dhvani nikalane lagI, cehare para muskAna chA gii| yahA~ kavi parA-vAk, mUlodgamA, UrdhvAnanA pavana kI carcA karate haiM jo pazyantI ke rUpa meM ubharatI hai, hRdayamadhya meM madhyamA kahalAtI hai aura vahI vaikharI ke rUpa meM antarjagat se bahirjagat kI ora yAtrA prArambha karatI hai| mATI ke upacAra se seTha ThIka hone lagate haiN| gIlI miTTI kI goliyA~-sI A~khoM aura nAbhi para rakhI jAtI haiN| kumbha ke parAmarza para dhIre-dhIre seTha jI bilakula svastha ho jAte haiM / isa ahiMsAparaka cikitsA paddhati kA upakAra mAnate hue seTha sabhI cikitsakoM ko dhana dekara vidA karate haiN| mATI ke prabhAva se rogI seTha ke ThIka hone se svarNa kalaza udAsa ho jAtA hai / svarNa-rajata jaise mUlyavAn pAtroM meM har3akampa-sA maca jAtA hai / kumbha yaha dekhakara Azcarya prakaTa karatA hai / aura phira svarNa Adi mUlyavAn vastuoM kI ora se seTha ke viruddha SaDyantra prArambha hotA hai / kavi-kathAkAra samasAmayika vAtAvaraNa ke anurUpa kathA ko yahA~ pratIkAtmaka eka nayA mor3a dete haiN| svarNa kalaza AtaMkavAda ko bulAvA bhejatA hai, seTha ke parivAra aura unake priya mATI ke kumbha ko naSTa karake apane baira kA badalA lene ke lie / seTha ke ghara meM svarNa kalaza kI ghora garjanA sunAI dI : "eka ko bhI nahIM choDUM,/tumhAre Upara dayA kI varSA/sambhava nahIM aba,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 175 pralaya-kAla kA darzana/tumheM karanA hai abhii|" (pR. 421) seTha ke parivAra meM AtaMka chA jAtA hai aura pUrA parivAra usa ghara se bhAga nikalatA hai, pIche ke rAste se / kumbha ne yahI parAmarza diyA thA, kyoMki seTha para hamalA hone para Asa-pAsa kI niraparAdha janatA bhI AtaMkavAda kA zikAra ho sakatI thii| yahA~ se kathA gati pakar3atI hai| apane mArgadarzaka kumbha ko hAtha meM lie seTha parivAra, vana kI ora prayANa karatA hai| vana meM vaMza vRkSoM kI paMkti kumbha ko praNAma karake apanI vaMza-muktA usake caraNoM meM ur3elatI hai / kumbha ke hI prabhAva ke kAraNa aura bhI bahuta se camatkAra hote haiN| jaise hI seTha parivAra kucha Age bar3hatA hai to usa AtaMkavAdI dala kI lalakAra sunAI detI hai, jo isakA pIchA kara rahA thaa| AtaMka kA sAkSAt rUpa use usa dala ke rUpa dikhAI detA hai| sabhI vanacaroM meM isa lalakAra se halacala maca jAtI hai| aura tabhI gajoM kA samUha aura nAga-nAgina seTha parivAra kI rakSA ke lie sannaddha hue, kumbha ke prabhAva ke kAraNa / AtaMkavAdI dala cAroM ora se ghira jAtA hai, ata: jhAr3iyoM meM chupa jAtA hai| usake bAda ve avasara pAkara sAta nIMbU mantrita karake zUnya AkAza meM uchAla dete haiM jisake prabhAva se vana meM pralayakArI varSA hone lagatI hai| per3a ukhar3a jAte haiM, pazu-pakSI bhayabhIta hokara mauna ho jAte haiM / isa bIca guNagrAhI hAthiyoM kA samUha seTha-parivAra tathA kumbha kI rakSA karatA rahatA hai| ___ varSA thamatI hai / seTha-parivAra nadI taTa para A khar3A hotA hai / kumbha unheM uphanatI nadI pAra karane kA parAmarza detA hai, kyoki AtaMkavAda una para kabhI bhI hamalA kara sakatA hai| kumbha kahatA hai : "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda/zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI dharatI yaha,/ye A~kheM aba/AtaMkavAda ko dekha nahIM sakatIM, ye kAna aba/AtaMka kA nAma suna nahIM skte|" (pR. 441) aura kumbha AhvAna karatA hai : "OMkAra ke ucca uccAraNa ke sAtha/kUda jAo dhAra meN|" (pR. 442) seTha kumbha ko apanI kaTi meM bA~dha kara dhAra meM kUda par3A, parivAra ne bhI usakA anusaraNa kiyaa| jala kI tIvra dhArA se saMgharSa karate hue ve saba Age bddh'e| jala ke bIca choTI-bar3I machaliyA~, mAMsabhakSI mahAmagaramaccha ubhara-ubhara kara unheM chUne lge| uphanatI nadI bhI ina logoM kA yaha dussAhasa dekhakara bhar3aka utthii| dharatI ke ina mitroM ko vaha dhikkAranesI lagI: "dharatI ke ArAdhaka dhUrto,/kahA~ jAoge aba ? jAo, dharatI meM jA chupa jaao| usase bhI "nIce !/pAtako, pAtAla meM jAo!" (pR. 447) ___ seTha nadI kI pratAraNA se kruddha nahIM hotA balki use samajhAtA hai ki usakA svayaM kA AdhAra bhI to dharatI hI hai| dharatI na hotI to vaha kahA~ bahatI ? isa para nadI aura kupita huI, lAla-lAla ho gii| vaha eka vizAla bha~vara kI ora saMketa karatI hai, jisameM saba jAkara DUba rahe haiM, tumheM bhI usI bha~vara meM DUbanA hogaa| kumbha se aba rahA nahIM jAtA / vaha nadI ko kharI-kharI sunAtA hai aura anta meM kahatA hai :
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________________ 176 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "arI nimnage nimna-aghe !/isa gAgara meM sAgara ko bhI dhAraNa karane kI kSamatA hai/dharaNI ke aMza jo rahe hama ! kumbha kI artha-kriyA/jala-dhAraNa hI to hai/aura "suno ! svayaM dharaNI zabda hI/viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai ki dharaNI nI"ra"dha/nIra ko dhAraNa kare 'so' 'dharaNI nIra kA pAlana kare so "dharaNI !" (pR. 453) dharaNI kI yaha naI vyAkhyA suna kara nadI cupa ho jAtI hai| yaha sunakara nadI kA eka mahAmatsya prasanna hokara eka muktAmaNi kumbha ko bheMTa karatA hai| isa muktAmaNi ko jo pA jAtA hai vaha agAdha jala meM bhI abAdha patha pA jAtA hai (pR. 454) / seTha parivAra usa bha~vara se baca kara Age bar3hatA hai| nadI apanI bhUla svIkAra karake kSamA mA~gatI hai / ye loga gantavya kI ora pahu~cane ko hI hote haiM ki acAnaka AtaMka kI punarAvRtti hotI hai| AtaMkavAdI dala nadI se prArthanA karatA hai ki isa seTha parivAra ko Dubo de| nadI unakI bAta nahIM sunatI to AtaMkavAdI dala eka nAva lekara seTha parivAra ke pIche lapakatA hai aura Age bar3ha kara mArga roka letA hai| phira una para aMdhAdhundha pattharoM kI varSA karane lagatA hai| parivAra janoM ke rakta se nadI kI dhArA lAla ho jAtI hai| pattharoM kI varSA jArI rahatI hai / seTha kumbha ko apane peTa ke nIce lie duHsaha karmaphala zAnta bhAva se sahatA rahatA hai| AtaMkavAda apane ko parAjita-sA anubhava karatA hai aura eka bar3A-sA jAla seTha parivAra para pheMkatA hai| tabhI camatkAra kI taraha pavana pralaya kA rUpa letA hai aura usa jAla ko ur3A detA hai / AtaMkavAdI dala kI nAva cakkara khAkara DUbane lagatI hai| ve saba mUrchita ho jAte haiN| taba kumbha ke saMketa para pavana kA vega thamatA hai| AtaMkavAdiyoM kI nAva phira sthira hone lagatI hai aura ve loga puna: seTha parivAra ko lalakArane lagate haiN| seTha sahita parivAra jana aba dhIraja nahIM rakha pAte aura AtaMkavAda ke sAmane AtmasamarpaNa kI bAta socane lagate haiM ki nadI unheM roka detI hai : "utAvalI mata karo!/satya kA Atma-samarpaNa aura vaha bhI/asatya ke sAmane ?/...asatya kI dRSTi meM satya asatya ho sakatA hai/aura/asatya satya ho sakatA hai, parantu/satya ko bhI nahIM rahA kyA/satyAsatya kA viveka ? satya ko bhI apane Upara/vizvAsa nahIM rahA ?" (pR. 469-470) AtaMkavAda kI nAva ko nadI phira nacAne lgii| nAva kI dazA dekhakara AtaMkavAdiyoM ne mantra-zakti kA prayoga karake devatAoM ko bulAyA / devatAoM ne unakI kucha bhI sahAyatA karane meM asamarthatA vyakta kii| unhoMne samajhAyAbujhAyA, parantu AtaMkavAda kahA~ mAnane vAlA thA ? tabhI eka bhayAnaka ghaTanA ghaTI / nAva kI karadhanI DUbane lagI aura AtaMkavAdI dala hAhAkAra kara seTha se kSamAyAcanA karane lagA, bacAne kI duhAI dene lagA : "kSamA karo, kSamA karo/kSamA ke he avatAra !/hamase bar3I bhUla huI, punarAvRtti nahIM hogI/hama para vizvAsa ho !" (pR. 474) seTha kA hRdaya dayA se chalaka uThA, usI taraha jisa taraha mA~ kA hRdaya santAna ke lie chalaka uThatA hai / seTha ke mu~ha se premamayI vANI nikalatI hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 177 "aparAdhI nahIM bano/aparA 'dhI' bano,/'parAdhI' nahIM parAdhIna nahIM/parantu/aparAdhIna bano !" (pR. 477) AtaMkavAdiyoM kI nAva DUba gaI, para AtaMkavAdI bacA lie gae / AtaMkavAda kA anta aura anantavAda kA zrIgaNeza huaa| prabhAta kI gulAbI kiraNoM kI AbhA meM seTha parivAra bhUtapUrva AtaMkavAdiyoM ke sAtha sakuzala dUsare kinAre para pahu~cA, pUrA vAtAvaraNa dharmAnurAga se bhara utthaa| seTha parivAra chane jala se kumbha ko bhara kara usI sthAna kI ora bar3hA jahA~ mATI lene ke lie vahI kumbhakAra phira AyA thA / kumbha ne seTha parivAra sahita kumbhakAra kA abhivAdana kiyA / purAnI smRtiyA~ tAz2A huiiN| aura mA~ dharatI kumbha se kahatI hai : ___ "mA~ sattA ko prasannatA hai, beTA/tumhArI unnati dekha kara mAna-hAriNI praNati dekhkr|" (pR. 482) phira mA~ kahatI hai : 'tumane kumbhakAra kA saMparka pAkara sRjana-zIla jIvana apanAyA, ahaM kA utsarga kiyA,agniparIkSA dI, upasarga sahana kiyaa| phira UrdhvagAmI hokara svayaM ko visarga karake vargAtIta apavarga ko pAyA / ' sabane AdarabhAva se kumbhakAra ko dekhA / kumbhakAra ne kahA : 'yaha saba RSi-santoM kI kRpA hai, maiM to unakA sevaka mAtra huuN|' acAnaka saba kA dhyAna usa vRkSa ke nIce jAtA hai jahA~ eka vItarAga sAdhu virAjita the| sabhI vahA~ jAkara una kI pradakSiNA karake, unake caraNa dhote haiM aura pAdodaka sira para lagAte haiN| gurudeva abhaya-mudrA meM unheM AzIrvAda dete haiN| ____ kSamArthI AtaMkavAdI gurudeva se kahate haiM : 'hameM avinazvara sukha ke bAre meM batAie, kyoMki yaha samagra saMsAra duHkha se bharapUra hai / hamArI bhAvanA pUrI ho' kRpA karake aisA vacana hameM diijie|' ___ santa ne mRdu muskAna ke sAtha kahA : 'mere gurudeva ne mujhase kahA hai ki yadi koI bhavya bholA-bhAlA, bhUlA-bhaTakA apane hita kI bhAvanA se, vinIta bhAva se bharA kucha dizAbodha cAhatA ho to...' : "hima-mita-miSTa vacanoM meM/pravacana denA use,/kintu kabhI kisI ko/bhUlakara svapna meM bhI/vacana nahIM denaa|" (pR. 486) aura isI sandarbha meM ve mokSa kA patha batAte hue kahate haiM : "kSetra kI nahIM,/AcaraNa kI dRSTi se/maiM jahA~ para hai/vahA~ Akara dekho mujhe, tumheM hogI merI/sahI-sahI pahacAna/kyoMki/Upara se nIce dekhane se cakkara AtA hai/aura/nIce se Upara kA anumAna/lagabhaga galata nikalatA hai| isIlie ina/zabdoM para vizvAsa lAo,/hA~, hA~ !! vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI/avazya milegI/magara mArga meM nahIM, maMjila para !" (pR. 487-488) yaha rahasya ujAgara karake santa mahA mauna meM DUba jAte haiM aura mUkamATI mAhaula ko animeSa nihAratI raha jAtI hai / isa taraha 'mUkamATI' kI kathA ke sAtha caturtha khaNDa samApta hotA hai / yaha thA 'mUkamATI' para eka anuzIlana, kathA ke vivaraNa ke sAtha / aba yadi hama 'mUkamATI' kI kathA para
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________________ 178 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA puna: eka bAra dRSTipAta kareM to pAeMge ki sArI kathA pratIkAtmaka hai / hara vastu kA eka apanA kathya hai, zreya hai aura upayoga bhI / kabhI kavi ke rUpa meM AcArya aura kabhI AcArya ke rUpa meM kavi mukhara hote haiM aura apanI bAta ko abhivyakta karate haiN| jagaha-jagaha nItigata sambodhana, dharma-adhyAtma aura darzana kI abhivyaktiyoM ke sAtha prakaTa hote haiM aura apane zabda-vinyAsoM se pAThaka ko cakita aura abhibhUta karate haiN| saca kaheM to AcArya ke kavi meM kavi nAgArjuna kA akkhar3apanA, kavi trilocana kA painApana, kavi jagadIza gupta kI sAdagI aura rASTrakavi dinakara kI tejasvitA eka sAtha samAhita hai| parantu AcAryazrI ke prati pUrNa vinaya bhAva ke sAtha yahA~ yaha kahanA bhI mujhe Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai ki sAhityikoM aura kAvya ke marma taka pahu~cane vAle vidvAnoM ke atirikta sAdhAraNa paThana-pAThana meM ruci rakhane vAlA eka bar3A jana-samudAya AcAryazrI kI isa anUThI kRti kI bhAvabhUmi ko prApta karane meM apane ko asaphala pAegA, isakI gUr3ha rahasyamaya prastuti ke kaarnn| yahI bAta anubhava karake maiMne 'mUkamATI' kI kathA vastu ko itane vistAra ke sAtha eka anuzIlana ke rUpa meM yahA~ prastuta kiyA hai tAki jana-sAdhAraNa isa mahAn kRti kA usake sahI pariprekSya meM rasAsvAdana kara sake / ho sakatA hai kaI vidvAn mere isa kathana se asahamata hoM parantu unase merA anurodha hai ki isa viSaya meM ve tanika gaharAI se soceN| ___ eka bAta aura, AcAryazrI kA kavi, zabdoM ko kaThaputaliyoM kI taraha nacAtA hai, unheM taraha-taraha kI naI bhAvabhaMgimAe~ detA hai, pAThakoM ko camatkRta karatA hai, viloma rUpa se nae-nae artha nikAla kara / camatkRta karane kI yaha kalA virale hI kavi pA sakate haiM parantu yadi yaha kalA nirantara bAra-bAra prayukta na kI jAe to zAyada una zabdacamatkAroM kI camaka bar3ha jaaegii| ___AcArya kavi zrI vidyAsAgara apanI kaI anupama kAvya-kRtiyA~ jijJAsujanoM aura sAhitya premiyoM ko aba taka pradAna kara cuke haiN| svAbhAvika hI yaha bhAvanA mana meM uThatI hai ki kyA ve kucha anupama jaina purAkathAoM ko apane kAvya kA upAdAna nahIM banAe~ge? yadi aisA huA to yaha nizcita hai AcAryazrI kA kavi Ama sAhitya premiyoM ke atirikta unake caraNoM meM bhakti rakhane vAle asaMkhya jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM ko kaI parama AhlAdakArI kRtiyoM se upakRta kregaa| pRSTha 322 pAtrakI gati kodekhakara---... abhyAgatakA svAgata prArambha humA:
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________________ dharma aura lokajIvana ke samanvaya kA adbhuta mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. zambhU nAtha pANDeya 'mUkamATI' jaina santa kavi AcArya muni vidyAsAgara kI ati mahattvapUrNa racanA hai| isameM dharma, darzana tathA adhyAtma ke tattvoM ko to sameTA hI gayA hai, sAtha hI loka jIvana kI sampRktatA ko sArthaka abhivyakti dekara ise Adhunika jIvana-kAvya banA diyA gayA hai / kAvya-nirmANa meM jaina santa kaviyoM kI mahatI bhUmikA rahI hai / saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, avahaTTa, paravartI hindI Adi koI bhI aisI bhASA nahIM jisameM jaina kaviyoM kI labdhapratiSTha racanAe~ na milatI hoN| jaina santakaviyoM ne sadaiva isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhA ki racanAoM ke mAdhyama se jIvana ko udAtta banAyA jaay| isalie dharma-darzana unake kAvya ke preraka tattvoM meM rahA hai| eka samaya hindI AlocakoM meM isa bAta para mata vaibhinya rahA ki kitanI dUra taka ina granthoM ko kAvya-racanA mAnA jAya / hindI sAhitya ke yazasvI Alocaka, itihAsakAra AcArya paM. rAmacandra zukla ne apane 'hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa, (prathama saMskaraNa, pR. 4) ke vaktavya meM kahA thA ki "apabhraMza kI pustakoM meM kaI to jainoM ke dharmatattva nirUpaNa sambandhI haiM jo sAhitya - koTi meM nahIM aatiiN|" para AcArya DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI (hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla', pRSTha 11) isa baddhamUla dRSTi ko svastha bhAvanA kA paricAyaka nahIM mAnate / unhoMne zuklajI ke isa kathana kA purajora khaNDana aura apane mata kA pratipAdana karate hue kahA : "idhara jaina-apabhraMza carita-kAvyoM kI jo vipula sAmagrI upalabdha huI hai, vaha sirpha dhArmika sampradAya ke muhara lagAne mAtra se alaga kara dI jAne yogya nahIM hai|...dhaarmik sAhitya hone mAtra se koI racanA sAhitya koTi se alaga nahIM kI jA sktii| yadi aisA samajhA jAne lage to tulasIdAsa kA rAmacaritamAnasa bhI sAhitya kSetra meM avivecya ho jAegA aura jAyasI kA padamAvata sAhitya sImA ke bhItara nahIM ghusa sakegA" AcArya dvivedI kA yaha mata hindI jagat meM kAphI svasthakara mAnA gyaa| jaina granthoM ke prati logoM kA AkarSaNa bar3hatA hI gayA / AkarSaNa kA kAraNa bhI thA kyoMki jaina santa kavi kAvya ke marma ko bhalIbhA~ti jAnate haiN| isalie ve nirA upadeza nahIM dete, darzana ke vAgjAla meM nahIM ulajhAte, dharma kA saMkIrNa rUpa pradarzita nahIM karate yA pAThaka ko komala bhAvoM se vaMcita nahIM krte| unakI dRSTi udAtta hai / lakSya U~ce haiN| bhAva gahare haiN| jIvana ke pratipakSa svasthakara haiN| vairAgya kA Agraha hai para rAga ko jalA yA bhasmIbhUta kara nhiiN| rAga ke udAttIkaraNa (sublimation) para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai / jIvana aura jagat kI unmukta para sAttvika abhivyakti ko kuzalatA se ukerA gayA hai| jaina kAvyadhArA kI inhIM viziSTa upalabdhiyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue prAkRta-apabhraMza ke anusandhitsu vidvAn DaoN. rAmasiMha tomara ('prAkRta aura apabhraMza sAhitya tathA unakA hindI sAhitya para prabhAva', pRSTha 69) ne likhA hai : "vikrama kI AThavIM zatI se lekara solahavIM zatI taka jaina kaviyoM dvArA nirmita apabhraMza sAhitya kI avicchinna dhArA milatI hai / isa sudIrgha kAla meM jo pracura sAhitya racA gayA hogA usakA kevala eka aMza isa samaya prakAza meM AyA hai| dharma aura sAhitya kA adbhuta saphala mizraNa jaina kaviyoM ne kiyA hai / jisa samaya jaina kavi kAvya rasa kI ora jhukatA hai to usakI kRti sarasa kAvya kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai aura jaba dharmopadeza kA prasaMga AtA hai to vaha padyabaddha dharma upadezAtmaka kRti bana jAtI hai / isa upadeza pradhAna sAhitya meM bhI bhAratIya jIvana ke eka vizeSa pakSa ke darzana hote haiM, aura isa dRSTi se vaha mahattvapUrNa hai|" jaina santa kaviyoM ne prAya: sabhI prakAra ke kAvya-rUpoM meM racanAe~ kI haiN| carita, purANa, mahApurANa, kahA (kathA) sandhi, kulaka, caupaI, ArAdhanA, rAsa, cA~cara, phAgu, stuti, stotra Adi vividha kAvya-rUpoM se yaha sAhitya dhArA sampanna hai / prAcIna-arvAcIna kAvya-dhArA ke suprasiddha evaM sudhI samIkSaka DaoN. nAmavara siMha ne isakA aisA mUlyAMkana
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________________ 180 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kiyA hai jisase ina granthoM kI vizvajanIna mahattA spaSTa ho jAtI hai| unake anusAra : "isa kAvyadhArA meM jaina muniyoM ke cintana kA cintAmaNi hai / yadi yaha sAhitya nAnA zalAkApuruSoM ke udAtta jIvana carita se sampanna hai, to sAmAnya vaNikputroM ke dukha-sukha kI kahAnI se bhI paripUrNa hai (bhavisayatta kahA) / tIrthaMkaroM kI bhAvocchvasita stutiyoM, anubhava bharI sUktiyoM, rahasyamayI anubhUtiyoM, vaibhava-vilAsa kI jhA~kiyoM Adi ke sAtha hI unmukta vanya jIvana kI zaurya snehasikta gAthAoM ke vividha citroM se apabhraMza sAhitya kI vizAla citrazAlA suzobhita hai|" (hindI ke vikAsa meM apabhraMza kA yoga', pR. 183) / koI bhI pAThaka jaba isa dhArA ke sAhitya se paricita honA cAhatA hai to use una kaviyoM kI maNimAlA milatI hai jisameM amara kaviyoM kI maNiyA~ guMthI huI haiN| inameM svayambhU, puSpadanta, dhanapAla, joiMdu (yogIndra), rAmasiMha, haribhadra, devasena, kanakAmara, hemacandra, somaprabha, jinapadma, jinaprabha, jinadatta, vinayacandra, rAjazekhara, zAlibhadra, raidhU Adi yazasvI pratibhAe~ prasiddha haiN| AcArya muni vidyAsAgara kI anupama kAvya kRti 'mUkamATI' ko dekhakara nizcita rUpa se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki uparokta sAhitya dhArA abhI akSuNNa hai / eka prakAra se dekhA jAya to yaha eka viziSTa racanA hai / jaina apabhraMza kAvyoM ke sambandha meM prAya: yaha mAnyatA hai ki isameM jaina dharmAvalambI tIrthaMkaroM, cakravartiyoM, baladevoM, vAsudevoM aura prativAsudevoM Adi zalAkApuruSoM ke janma-janmAntara kI hI jIvana-gAthA gAI gaI hai| sAmAnya jana-jIvana kI gAthAe~ kama hI parilakSita hotI haiM / para aisI bAta nahIM hai / jaina muniyoM kI jitanI racanAe~ upalabdha haiM, unase kahIM adhika andhakAra meM abhI veSTanoM meM banda haiN| abhI unako prakAza meM AnA hai| para jo prakAza meM haiM unameM kucha aisI kRtiyA~ aura abhivyaktiyA~ haiM jinameM sAmAnya jana-jIvana kI dhar3akaneM mArmikatA ke sAtha abhivyakta haiM / aisI kRtiyoM meM kavi dhanapAla kI bhavisayatta kahA' (bhaviSyadatta kathA) siramaura hai / isameM kisI rAjA yA rAjakumAra kI kathA na hokara eka aise sAmAnya vaNikputra kI kathA hai jo apane sautele bhAI ke dvArA bAra-bAra chalA jAtA hai / kaSTa aura vedanA ke sAgara meM DuboyA jAtA hai| usake jIvana kI trAsadI bar3I hI mArmika aura bedhaka hai / svayaM usI ke anusAra : "uppaNNauM ciru vaNivarahaM gotti parivaDDhiu mAmahaM sAli putti / vANijje gau savvAyareNa vaMciu sAvattiM bhAyareNa // " (14/20) aura akele tilakadvIpa meM chor3a die jAne para vyAkula ho apane jIvana kI nirarthakatA para jo socatA hai, vaha paMktiyA~ hatAzA se nahIM karuNA se otaprota haiM : "Na jattA Na vittaM Na mittaM Na gehaM, Na dhammaMNa kammaNa jIyaM Na dehaM / Na puttaM kalattaM, Na i8 pi diLaM, gayaM gayaure dUradese paiLaM // " (3/26) sAmAnya vaNikputra kI yaha AtmAbhivyakti hameM vyApaka jIvana ke sandarbha se jor3atI hai / isa pariprekSya meM bhavisayatta kahA' jana jIvana se jur3I eka mahattvapUrNa racanA hai| . isI prakAra jainAcArya hemacandra sUri dvArA apane 'siddha hemazabdAnuzAsana' meM saMkalita eka dohe meM eka garIba kisAna kI aisI vyathA kathA citrita hai jo apane abhAvoM se aisA jUjha rahA hai ki use hala calAne ke lie eka jor3I baila bhI mayassara nahIM / jue meM eka tarapha usakA baila hai to dUsarI ora vaha svayaM / baila itanA svAmI bhakta hai ki use apane svAmI kI pIr3A akharane lagatI hai| vaha apane svAmI ke gurutara bhAra ko dekhakara bisUrane lagatA hai| aura socane lagatA hai ki mujhe hI do khaNDa karake donoM ora kyoM nahIM jota diyA jAtA jisase svAmI kA bhAra halakA ho jAya / isakI vedanA premacanda kI suprasiddha kahAnI 'pUsa kI rAta' ke halkU aura jabarA kutte kI vedanA se kahIM jyAdA sArthaka evaM saMvedanazIla
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 181 hai| isI kSIyamANa para vyApaka sAmAjika sandarbho se jur3ane vAlI kAvya-paramparA meM AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI racanA kara eka sazakta kar3I jor3ane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai / isakI mUla viSayavastu mUka mATI kI trAsadika saMvedanA hai / yaha yuga-yuga kI satAI, nirIha, pada dalita aura pIr3ita tathA vyathita hai / mUka mATI pratIka hai dharatI ke usa jIvana kA jo yugoM-yugoM se sarvahArA hai, bhUkhA-pyAsA, bejubAna hai, sarvahArA hai, aura zoSita hai| yaha pratIka hai usa AtmA kA, jo isa duniyA meM Akara apanA rAstA bhUla gaI hai, dara-dara bhaTaka rahI hai, mArI-mArI phira rahI hai, bandhanayukta ho gaI hai, jIvana kA mUlya aura mahattA kho baiThI hai / Aja jarUrata hai use uThAne kI / oja vANI dene kii| use bandhanamukta karane kI, jisase vaha sArthaka jIvana pA sake, vizuddhatA kI ora bar3ha sake / apanA mokSa pA ske| aba prazna yaha hai ki samAja kA kauna sA vicAra, kauna sA darzana, kauna sI paddhati, kauna se loga zilpI kumbhakAra banege jo mUkamATI atha ca pIr3ita jana-jIvana kI mahattA ko pahacAneMge ? usakI kupravRttiyoM ko kUTa-chAnakara dUra kreNge| usake varNa-saMkara kaMkara rUpI avarodhoM ko httaaeNge| usako aisI pragatizIla vicAradhArA rUpI cAka para caDhakara aise maMgala ghaTa kA svarUpa deMge jo saba kucha sahakara, raca-pakakara apanA mAMgalika-sArthaka AkAra grahaNa kara sake / santa kavi kA lakSya hai jana jIvana kA jAgaraNa, mUka-baddhamUla AtmA kI jAgRti, vizuddhi aura saarthktaa| isa prakAra dharma kI jyoti meM loka jIvana kI nirmiti, sArthakatA aura mukti isa kAvyagrantha kA abhISTa hai / loka aura dharma kA samanvaya isakI vizeSatA hai / udAharaNasvarUpa jIvana kI sArthakatA calane meM hai, bahane meM hai evaM gatizIla banane meM hai-'caraiveti caraiveti / ' sUrya, candra, pavana, saritA kA jIvana aisA hI hai / kavi ke zabdoM meM : "manda-manda/sugandha pavana/baha rahA hai;/bahanA hI jIvana hai|" (pR. 2) jIvana kI sArthakatA ke lie satsaMgati kI mahimA sarvatra gAI gaI hai- 'binu satasaMga viveka na hoii|' kavi bhI kahatA hai : "jaisI saMgati milatI hai/vaisI mati hotI hai/mati jaisI, agrima gati milatI jAtI "milatI jaatii|" (pR. 8) phira ise lekara prayatna karanA hai| Age bar3hanA hai| nirbhaya bananA hai| Alasya chor3anA hai / kavi kahatA hai : "AyAsa se DaranA nahIM/Alasya karanA nahIM / " (pR. 11) jIvana meM sAdhanA-skhalita honA nahIM, kyoMki sAdhanA, gati yA pragati ke bhAva ke abhAva meM koI bhI AzA phalavatI nahIM hotI / jIvana sArthaka nahIM bntaa| kavi kI udbodhana bharI uktiyA~ haiM : "kabhI-kabhI/gati yA pragati ke abhAva meM/AzA ke pada ThaNDe par3ate haiM, dhRti, sAhasa, utsAha bhI/Aha bharate haiM,/mana khinna hotA hai/kintu yaha saba AsthAvAn puruSa ko/abhizApa nahIM hai,/varan/varadAna hI siddha hote haiM jo yamI, damI/haradama udyamI hai|" (pR. 13) aura lagAtAra prayAsa, prayatna para prayatna tathA satI-santajanoM ke nirdeza tathA unakI AjJA pAlana se hI kArya kI siddhi hotI hai / kavi ke zabdoM meM :
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________________ 182 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "samucita manthana ho/navanIta kA lAbha avazya hotA hai| ... saMgharSamaya jIvana kA upasaMhAra/...TAlane meM nahIM/satI-santoM kI AjJA pAlane meM hI/'pUta kA lakSaNa pAlane meM"/yaha sUkti caritArtha hotI hai, beTA!" (pR. 14) vyakti yA samAja ke badalAva yA nirmANa kI prakriyA meM utpreraka, udbodhaka zaktiyoM kA bar3A hAtha hotA hai| dharma, karma, Izvara, guru, dIpaka, candra evaM sUrya Adi aise hI tattva haiN| inase milI preraNAoM se jIvana kA nirmANa hotA hai| bhAgya banatA hai / ye tattva kumbhakAra kI bhUmikA nibhAte haiM, kyoMki kavi ke zabdoM meM : "yahA~ para jo/bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho/kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai| ...zilpI kA nAma/kumbhakAra huA hai|" (pR. 28) santa-kavi apane kAvya 'mUkamATI' meM garIboM ke duHkha-darda ke prati adhika saMvedanazIla hai : "amIroM kI nahIM/garIboM kI bAta hai;/koThI kI nahIM/kuTiyA kI bAta hai jo varSA-kAla meM/yor3I-sI varSA meM/Tapa-Tapa karatI hai/aura usa TapakAva se/dharatI meM cheda par3ate haiM,/phira "to""/isa jIvana-bhara ronA hI ronA huA hai/dIna-hIna ina A~khoM se/dhArApravAha"/azru-dhArA baha ina gAloM para par3I hai|" (pR. 32-33) jIvana meM udAtta bhAvanAoM kA bahuta mahattvapUrNa sthAna hotA hai / unase jIvana sArthaka banatA hai| vaha mokSa kA dvAra kholatA hai| kavi ke zabdoM meM : "vAsanA kA vilAsa/moha hai,/dayA kA vikAsa/mokSa haieka jIvana ko burI taraha/jalAtI hai."/bhayaMkara hai, aMgAra hai ! eka jIvana ko pUrI taraha/jilAtI hai"/zubhaMkara hai, zRMgAra hai|" (pR. 38) aura : "karuNA kI karNikA se/avirala jharatI hai/samatA kI saurbh-sugndh|" (pR. 39) kavi ke zilpa kI kasauTI hai- mRdu mATI se- choTI-choTI jAtiyoM se prema karanA, unheM U~cA uThAnA : "mRdu mATI se/laghu jAti se/merA yaha zilpa/nikharatA hai/aura khara-kAThI se/guru jAti se/vaha avilamba/bikharatA hai|" (pR. 45) saMyama aura tapasyA dharma kI sIr3hiyA~ haiN| inake binA koI bhI upalabdhi sambhava nhiiN| kavi inakI mahattA ko khUba pahacAnatA hai| miTTI apanI saMyamita avasthiti se hI sarvasahA banakara dUsaroM ko bhI usI rAha calane ke lie prerita karatI hai| usI ke zabdoM meM : "saMyama kI rAha calo/rAhI bananA hI to/hIrA bananA hai, svayaM rAhI zabda hI/viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai-/rA"hI"hI"rA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 183 aura / itanA kaThora bananA hogA / ki / tana aura mana ko / tapa kI Aga meM tapA-tapA kara / jalA - jalA kara / rAkha karanA hogA yatanA ghora karanA hogA / tabhI kahIM cetana - AtmA / kharA utaregA / kharA zabda bhI svayaM / viloma rUpa se kaha rahA hai - / rAkha bane binA kharA-darzana kahA~ ?/rA" kha MkharA / " (pR. 56 ) 'ahiMsA' dharma to jIvana kA sAra hai / yaha sAmAjika jIvana kA sarvAdhika svastha dArzanika pakSa hai / kisI ke prati bhI durbhAvanA na rakhanA hI ahiMsA hai| ahiMsA jaina dharma aura sAhitya kI vijaya patAkA hai| isakI sAdhanA kA artha hai-apane bhItara se hara prakAra kI duSpravRttiyoM ko nikAla bAhara karanA / saba prANiyoM ke prati prema rakhanA isakA U~cA Adarza hai / jahA~ ahiMsA nahIM, vahA~ zAnti kadApi sthApita nahIM ho sakatI / santa kavi isa dharmatattva ko itanA jIvanta mAnatA hai ki ise upAsya devatA ke rUpa meM sambodhita karatA hai / kavi ke zabdoM meM : "hamArI upAsya devatA / ahiMsA hai / aura / jahA~ gA~Tha-granthi hai vahA~ nizcita hI / hiMsA chalatI hai / / artha yaha huA ki granthi hiMsA kI sampAdikA hai / aura / nirgrantha - dazA meM hI ahiMsA palatI hai,/pala-pala panapatI, / ... bala pAtI hai / " (pR. 64) kavi kI dRSTi bar3I hI painI hai| vaha jAnatA hai ki ahiMsA se hI 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kA ucca bhAva mana meM banatA hai| para aise dhanalobhI logoM ke lie, jinheM dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai, karArA vyaMgya kasatA hai : "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam" / isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai vasu yAnI dhana-dravya/dhA yAnI dhAraNa karanA / Aja / dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kA / " (pR. 82) 66 kavi ke anusAra sAhitya kA uddezya sArthaka jIvana kA nirmANa hai| sAhitya sAmAjika hita kI bhAvanA lie hue hai| Aja ke sAhitya - cintakoM kI mAnyatA hai ki binA sAmAjika hita ke koI bhI sAhitya sahI mAyane meM sAhitya nahIM kahalA sakatA / 'mUkamATI' ke sarjaka kI bhI aisI hI mAnyatA hai / isa sambandha meM katipaya paMktiyA~ draSTavya haiM : "hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai / vaha sahita mAnA hai / aura sahita kA bhAva hI / sAhitya bAnA hai, / artha yaha huA ki jisa ke avalokana se/ sukha kA samudbhava - sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai/ anyathA, / surabhi se virahita puSpa - sama sukha kA rAhitya hai vaha / sAra - zUnya zabda - jhuNDa'! ise, yU~ bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / ki / zAnti kA zvAsa letA sArthaka jIvana hI/ mraSTA hai zAzvata sAhitya kA / isa sAhitya ko / A~kheM bhI par3ha sakatI haiM / kAna bhI suna sakate haiM isa kI sevA hAtha bhI kara sakate haiM / yaha sAhitya jIvanta hai nA !" (pR. 111 )
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________________ 184 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kavi kI yahI sAhityika cetanA jaba vetanabhogI naukarazAhoM, suvidhAbhogI rAjanItijJoM aura jana-jIvana se kaTe buddhijIviyoM kI ora jAtI hai to vaha sihara uThatA hai aura pukAra kara kahatA hai ki binA tyAga, maraNa-varaNa aura dharma kA dhvaja phaharAe dharatI sAnanda, sukhamaya jIvana vyatIta nahIM kara sakatI / kavi ke zabdoM meM : "vetana vAle vatana kI ora/kama dhyAna de pAte haiM aura cetana vAle tana kI ora/kaba dhyAna de pAte haiM ?/isIlie to.' rAjA kA maraNa vaha/raNa meM huA karatA hai/prajA kA rakSaNa karate hue,/aura mahArAja kA maraNa vaha/vana meM huA karatA hai/dhvajA kA rakSaNa karate hue jisa dhvajA kI chA~va meM/sArI dharatI jIvita hai sAnanda sukhamaya zvAsa svIkAratI huI !" (pR. 123) jIvana ko svasthakara banAne ke lie kavi dvArA prayukta anubhavajanya sUktiyA~ usake lokajIvana se sampRkta hone kI sUcaka haiN| udAharaNArtha : "AdhA bhojana kIjie/duguNA pAnI pIva / tiguNA zrama cauguNI ha~sI/varSa savA sau jIva !" (pR. 133) isI prakAra : "Amada kama kharcA jyAdA/lakSaNa hai miTa jAne kA kUbata kama gussA jyAdA/lakSaNa hai piTa jAne kaa|" (pR. 135) Aja kA jIvana vijJAna prerita ho gayA hai| sarvatra astroM-zastroM kI hor3a lagI hai| zIta yuddha kI saragarmI sarvatra vyApta hai / paramANu bamoM se pRthvI ke miTa jAne kA khatarA sira para maNDarA rahA hai / aneka prakAra kI svArthaparaka, bhedaparaka, sAmpradAyika, AtaMkavAdI evaM vidhvaMsaka gatividhiyA~ cala rahI haiM / aisI bhayAvaha sthiti meM kavi kI nimna utpreraka paMktiyA~ jIvana, jo raNa banA huA hai, usameM amRta rasa gholane kA kAma karatI haiM : "sadaya bano !/adaya para dayA karo/abhaya bano !/samaya para kiyA karo abhaya kI amRta-maya vRSTi/sadA sadA sadAzaya dRSTi re jiyA, samaSTi jiyA karo!/jIvana ko mata raNa banAo prakRti mA~ kA RNa cukAo!/apanA hI na aMkana ho/para kA bhI mUlyAMkana ho, para, isa bAta para bhI dhyAna rahe/para kI kabhI na vAMchana ho para para kabhI na lAMchana ho!/jIvana ko mata raNa banAo prakRti mA~ kA na mana dukhAo!" (pR. 149) gItamaya zailI meM sRjita santa kavi kI ye mArmika paMktiyA~ barabasa zrI jayazaMkara prasAdajI kI 'kAmAyanI' kI ina paMktiyoM kI ora dhyAna AkarSita kara detI haiM : "tumula kolAhala kalaha meM/maiM hRdaya kI bAta re mana ! vikala hokara nitya caMcala/khojatI jaba nIMda ke pala
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 185 cetanA thaka-sI rahI taba/maiM malaya kI bAta re mana / " 'mUkamATI' kA sarjaka jIvana-saMgharSoM se aparicita nahIM hai / apitu vaha bhalIbhA~ti jAnatA hai ki saMgharSa hI jIvana hai| jIvana kA honA' kabhI miTa nahIM sktaa| para use Azcarya isa bAta kA hai ki manuSya isa jIvana ko sahI DhaMga se kyoM nahIM jItA ? vaha ulaTI rIti aura joMka kI gati se kyoM calatA hai ? sara ke bala bhAgane kI ceSTA kyoM kara rahA hai ? vaha bhI taba, jabaki manuSya ke pAsa zalAkA puruSoM, mahAn vibhUtiyoM dvArA pradarzita pAvana patha hai / kavi ke zabdoM 0 "hone kA miTanA sambhava nahIM hai, beTA!/honA hI saMgharSa-samara kA mIta hai honA hI harSa kA amara gIta hai|" (pR. 150) "sara ke bala para kyoM cala rahA hai,/ Aja kA mAnava ? isa ke caraNa acala ko cuke haiM mA~ !/Adima brahmA Adima tIrthaMkara AdinAtha se pradarzita patha kA/Aja abhAva nahIM hai mA~ !/parantu, usa pAvana patha para/dUba uga AI hai khUba !/varSA ke kAraNa nahIM, cAritra se dUra raha kara/kevala kathanI meM karuNA rasa ghola dharmAmRta-varSA karane vAloM kI/bhIr3a ke kAraNa !" (pR. 151-152) kavi kI dRSTi meM, udAtta mUlyoM ko binA apanAe jIvana meM samarasatA lAnA asambhava hai| 'mUkamATI' ke pAtra, cAhe mUkamATI ho yA kumbhakAra zilpI athavA maMgala ghaTa, sabhI kI abhivyaktiyoM meM udAtta bhAvoM aura pAvana mAnava mUlyoM kI chAyA dekhI jA sakatI hai| sAkSI kavi kI : 0 "sarva-sahA honA hI/sarvasva ko pAnA hai jIvana meM santoM kA patha yahI gAtA hai|" (pR. 190) __"jIvana kA muNDana na ho/sukha-zAnti kA maNDana ho,/ina kI mUrchA dUra ho bAharI bhI, bhItarI bhI/ina meM UrjA kA pUra ho|" (pR. 214) 0 "aba dhana-saMgraha nahIM,/jana-saMgraha kro|" (pR. 467) aura mATI, pAnI evaM havA ko svastha banAne kI ceSTA karanA, mAtra vAtAvaraNa kI zuddhi nahIM, apitu svastha samAja kA nirmANa hai : "mATI, pAnI aura havA/sau rogoM kI eka dvaa|" (pR. 399) kavi kI yaha sUkti yaha siddha karatI hai ki samAja meM phailI arAjakatA, atyAcAra, bhraSTAcAra, zoSaNa aura vibhinna prakAra ke unmAdI rogoM kA zamana, citta kI zuddhi, sacetana prayAsa, vAtAvaraNa ke nirmalIkaraNa, jIva aura AtmA ke udAttIkaraNa se hI sambhava ho sakatA hai / isa prakAra 'mUkamATI' dharatI ko svarga banAne athavA svarga ko dharatI para lAne kI ceSTA karane vAlA adbhuta mahAkAvya hai| mahAvArAha kI taraha isa mUkamATI rUpI pRthvI kA uddhAra, loka jIvana kA pariSkAra, bAhya evaM Abhyantarika vAtAvaraNa kI parizuddhi evaM sAnanda tathA sArthaka jIvana kI kalpanA isake mahat uddezya haiN| athavA, yaha pAvana uddezya se pUrita vaha mahAkAvya hai jisameM bhASA kI paripakvatA hai, zailI kI rocakatA hai aura dharma tathA loka jIvana ke samanvaya kA sArthaka prayAsa hai|
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________________ zAzvata satya kI kAvyAtmaka abhivyakti : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. eca. ena. mizra - bhAratIya saMskRti anavarata rUpa se calI A rahI do bhinna paramparAoM - vaidika paramparA evaM zramaNa paramparA kA mizrita rUpa hai / katipaya bhinnatAoM ke hote hue bhI ina paramparAoM kA antima lakSya eka hI hai - isa saMsAra-cakra se mukti / sAMsArika duHkhoM se mukti prApta karane ke lie donoM paramparAoM meM mArga prazasta karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| bhautikatA se chuTakArA pAkara isa jIvana ko divya banAnA hI hamArA parama dharma hai / ata: jaba koI vicAraka manu ke isa vAkya 'nAstiko vedanindakaH' ' kA akSaraza: anusaraNa karake jaina dharma ko nAstika kahatA hai to vaha apane vicAroM meM saMkIrNatA kA paricaya detA hai / dRSTi meM anekAnta, vANI meM syAdvAda, AcaraNa meM ahiMsA evaM vyavahAra meM aparigraha kA jo upadeza detA ho, use nAstika kahanA vaicArika divAliyApana kA hI pariNAma kahA jA sakatA hai| jaina dharma dvArA Izvara ke astitva ko na svIkAra karane ke kAraNa bhI kucha vicAraka ise nAstika darzana kI saMjJA dete haiN| prazna yaha hai ki Izvara ke astitva ko kyoM svIkAra kiyA jAya ? vizva kI vaicArika paramparAoM kA sUkSma avalokana hameM isa niSkarSa para le jAtA hai ki Izvara ke astitva ko vicArakoM ne mukhya rUpa se do hI uddezyoM ke lie svIkAra kiyA hai - vizva kI racanA evaM manuSya ke bhale-bure karmoM kA phala dekara usakI mukti kA mArga prazasta karanA / jaina vicArakoM ke anusAra yadi Izvara ko isa vizva kA racanAkAra mAna liyA jAtA hai to vaha unhIM doSoM kA bhAgIdAra hogA jo manuSya para Aropita kie jAte haiN| isa azubha se yukta vizva kI racanA karane vAlA zubha rUpa kisa prakAra mAnA jAya ? jaina vicArakoM ne manuSya ko jo AtmanirbharatA evaM AtmasammAna kI rakSA sikhalAI vaha anya darzana paddhatiyoM meM dekhane ko nahIM miltii| apane jIvana ko sudhArane evaM mukti prApta karane ke lie manuSya ko na Izvara kI kRpA kI AvazyakatA hai, na usakA beTA banane kI aura na usakA baMdA banakara eka naukara kI bhA~ti usakI sevA karanA Avazyaka hai / yadyapi mahAtmA buddha ne yaha kahA thA ki pratyeka manuSya ko apanI mukti svayaM prApta karanI hai kintu unake anuyAyiyoM ne unheM bodhisatva ke rUpa meM sthApita karake, usake dvArA hI samasta prANiyoM kI mukti kI kAmanA kI, kyoMki unakI mAnyatA hai ki bodhisatva apane ko taba taka mukta nahIM samajhatA jaba taka saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ko mukti nahIM mila jAtI / ata: mahAtmA buddha ne jisa manuSya ko 'appadIvo bhava' kI salAha dI thI, usI ko unake anuyAyiyoM ne paramukhApekSI banA DAlA / jaina dharma pravartakoM tIrthaMkaroM ne manuSya ko kabhI bhI yaha nahIM kahA ki ve usako mukti dilavAe~ge / unhoMne hamAre sAmane udAharaNa prastuta karake hameM AtmasammAna ke sAtha jInA sikhalAyA / manuSya svayaM hI apanA bhAgya vidhAtA hai / vaha apane prayAsoM ke phalasvarUpa hI sAMsArika duHkhoM se chuuttegaa| vaha svayaM sakSama hai usa lakSya ko prApta karane meM jo usake jIvana kA carama Adarza hai / apane prayAsoM ko saphala banAne meM use 'IzvarapraNidhAnam' kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / manuSya Izvara kA dAsa nahIM hai / vaha apane meM nihita zaktiyoM kA vikAsa karake svayaM Izvara kA darjA prApta kara sakatA hai / yaha hai manuSya ke AtmasammAna kI kahAnI, jise jaina muni kahate hI nahIM haiM, varan svayaM jIte bhI / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina darzana, kevala darzana nahIM hai, vaha jIvana darzana hai / prastuta kRti 'mUkamATI' meM AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne mAnava jIvana ke prati jaina cintana ko kevala abhivyakti hI nahIM dI hai varan isa mAnavavAdI cintana meM nihita satyoM kI vyAkhyA maulika DhaMga se karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| AcArya isa maulikatA ko zabdajAla meM na pha~sAkara sarala evaM hRdayagrAhI DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai| cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita evaM 488 pRSThoM meM samAhita yaha mahAkAvya racanAkAra kI adbhuta kalpanA evaM sRjanazIlatA kA pariNAma hai / jaina
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 187 cintana ke mUlabhUta siddhAntoM se paricita vyakti jaba isa kAvya-kRti kA adhyayana karatA hai to use aisA pratIta hotA hai mAno vaha una sabhI satyoM kA sAkSAtkAra kara rahA hai jo tIrthaMkaroM kI anupama dena hai / jaisA ki hama sabhI jAnate haiM ki jaina cintana zuddha tarka para AdhArita sUkSma siddhAntoM kA khaNDana-maNDana hI nahIM hai varan yaha mAnava jIvana ke zodhana kI prakriyA ko bhI prastuta karatA hai| jIvana kI isa zodhana prakriyA ko AcAryajI ne mATI ke rUpaka se bhalI-bhA~ti prastuta kiyA hai| jisa prakAra vibhinna prakAra ke vikAroM se yukta mATI maMgala ghaTa ko utpanna nahIM kara sakatI, usI prakAra karma pudgala se lipta jIva mukti prApta nahIM kara sakatA / mATI ko maMgala ghaTa ke rUpa meM lAne ke lie use sAfa kiyA jAtA hai, usameM mile hue kaMkaroM ko dUra kiyA jAtA hai, usakA isa hada taka zodhana kiyA jAtA hai ki vaha sAfa evaM nirmala hokara apane svarUpa ko prApta kara letI hai aura tabhI vaha maMgala ghaTa ko janma dene meM samartha hotI hai / isI prakAra Asrava ke kAraNa bandhana meM par3A jIva jaba saMvara evaM nirjarA ke dvArA AtmA meM lipaTe karma pudgaloM ko dUra karatA hai, tabhI jIva apane zuddha svarUpa ko prApta karatA hai / isa avasthA ko hI jaina vicArakoM ne mokSa athavA kaivalya kI saMjJA dI hai| mujhe aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa mahAkAvya meM AcAryajI ne karma pudgala se lipta AtmA ke zodhana kI prakriyA kI vibhinna maMz2iloM ko saphalatApUrvaka darzAyA hai| maiM sAhitya kA vidyArthI nahIM rahA / isIlie isa mahAkAvya kI sAhityika vizeSatAoM ke sambandha meM kucha kahanA anadhikAra ceSTA hogI, kintu maiM yaha jAnatA hU~ ki jo sAhitya jIvana darzana ko pratipAdita nahIM karatA, vaha sahI sAhitya nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha asthAyI hotA hai / isa kAlakrama meM vahI sAhitya TikatA hai jo kisI jIvana darzana kA praNetA ho / tulasIdAsa kRta 'rAmacaritamAnasa' isIlie Tika sakI, kyoMki usameM eka prakAra kA jIvana darzana pratipAdita hai| sahI sAhitya vahI hai, jise kevala par3hA aura samajhA hI na jAya varan use jiyA bhI jAya / yaha nirvivAda hai ki Aja bhI bhAratIya samAja meM kucha aise vyakti mila jAeMge jo 'rAmacaritamAnasa' ko jIne kA prayAsa karate haiN| mujhe yaha kahane meM garva kA anubhava ho rahA hai ki AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kA yaha mahAkAvya eka jIvana darzana dene kA prayAsa hai| yaha jiyA jA sakatA hai / isa prakAra kI sAhitya racanA ke lie mAnava samAja sadaiva unakA RNI rhegaa| AcAryajI kI sAhitya sambandhI avadhAraNA bhI yahI hai / unakI nimnalikhita paMktiyA~ unake sAhitya sambandhI mantavya ko spaSTa karatI haiM : "hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai aura/sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai,/artha yaha huA ki jisa ke avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava-sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai/anyathA,/surabhi se virahita puSpa-sama sukha kA rAhitya hai vaha/sAra-zUnya zabda-jhuNDa'!" (pR. 111) merI mAnyatA hai ki saccA sAhityakAra evaM saccA dArzanika trikAladarzI hotA hai / vaha kisI eka kAla aura eka deza kA nahIM hotA hai| usakI dRSTi ananta se jur3I hotI hai / eka vaijJAnika evaM eka sAhityakAra meM bheda yahI hai ki sAhityakAra kI dRSTi ananta se jur3I rahatI hai jabaki vaijJAnika kevala sAnta se jur3A hotA hai / isIlie sAhityakAra kI racanA anUThI hotI hai, usakI punarAvRtti nahIM ho sakatI, usakA sRjana koI anya nahIM kara sakatA, jabaki vaijJAnika kI khoja kisI vyakti vizeSa se jur3I nahIM hotii| udAharaNa ke lie yadi kAlIdAsa na hotA to 'meghadUta' na likhA jAtA aura yadi zeksapiyara na hotA to 'hemaleTa' kI racanA sambhava nahIM hotI, kintu yadi nyUTana evaM AiMsaTIna na bhI hote taba bhI gurutvAkarSaNa evaM sApekSatA ke siddhAntoM kI khoja hotI, taba na hotI to dasa varSa bAda sambhava avazya hotii|
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________________ 188 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA nissandeha AcAryajI eka sacce sAhityakAra haiN| ve dArzanika bhI haiN| ata: sAhityakAra evaM dArzanika kI yaha mizrita dRSTi trikAladarzI to hai hI, sAtha hI isameM bhAratIya saMskRti kI sahI jhalaka milatI hai| uparyukta donoM dRSTiyoM ke mizraNa se hI yaha anupama kRti sambhava ho sakI hai, aisA merA vizvAsa hai / yahA~ para katipaya vidvAn yaha prazna uThA sakate haiM ki AcAryajI ne to eka mahAkAvya prastuta kiyA hai, koI darzana paddhati nhiiN| isa sambandha meM merA vinamra nivedana hai, aura jaisA ki Upara kahA bhI hai, sAhityakAra evaM dArzanika kI dRSTi samAna hotI hai, bheda kevala abhivyakti meM hotA hai / zAzvata satyoM kI vyAkhyA evaM abhivyakti to deza evaM kAla ke sAtha bhI bhinna-bhinna hotI hai / AcAryajI ne una zAzvata satyoM kI abhivyakti kAvyAtmaka bhASA meM kI hai jisake AdhAra para isa samasta samAja kI bhIti nirmita huI hai aura jinameM mAnava kalyANa nihita hai| mere vicAra se yaha grantha 'mUkamATI' kevala sAhitya kA hI grantha nahIM hai / isameM Aja ke pIr3ita janamAnasa ke lie eka gaharA sandeza diyA gayA hai / varNa-lAbha arthAt apane sahI rUpa ko prApta karanA hI mAnava jIvana kA lakSya hai| vyaktigata evaM sAmAjika jIvana meM saMkara-doSa arthAt vikRti A gaI hai, use dUra karanA hogaa| AcAryajI kI abhilASA hai ki sabhI jana vikRtiyoM ko dUra kara varNa-lAbha kreN| isa kRti ke dvArA AcAryajI kaha rahe haiM ki apane Apako sudhAro, bhoga se haTakara yoga ko apanAo / isI meM tumhArA kalyANa hai, anyathA sarvanAza / yaha zramaNa paramparA ko navajIvana pradAna karane kA adbhuta prayAsa hai| jahA~ taka isa mahAkAvya kI bhASA kA sambandha hai, maiM yaha kaha sakatA hU~ ki isakI bhASA sarala evaM bhAvoM se bharI huI hai| yaha hamAre bolacAla kI bhASA hai / sthAna-sthAna para loka pracalita muhAvaroM evaM kahAvatoM kA prayoga bhAvoM kI abhivyakti ko sarvagrAhI banAtA hai / dekhie isakA udAharaNa : "aura suno!/yaha sUkti sunI nahIM kyA ! 'Amada kama kharcA jyAdA/lakSaNa hai miTa jAne kA kUbata kama gussA jyAdA/lakSaNa hai piTa jAne kaa'|" (pR.135) sArAMza meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'mUkamATI' eka kAvya kRti hI nahIM hai, isameM eka jIvana darzana hai / vikRtiyoM se bhare samAja meM yaha grantha vidvajjana evaM sAmAnya manuSya donoM ke lie lAbhakArI hai| ALI pRSTha 309 phirabAyeM hAya meM kumbha lekara,..... prAya: rasI para TiThatA hai| 44
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________________ mATI aura jIvana yathArtha se jur3I kavitAoM kA mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. hausilA prasAda siMha Aja ke anAsthAvAdI yuga meM dharma-darzana aura adhyAtma kI vicAra saraNi ko jahA~ eka ora mAnava samAja aura jIvana ne pUrI taraha se nakAra diyA hai vahA~ vizva kI sAmAnya janatA ko puna: nae sire se isa ora AkRSTa karake usakI yathArthatA kA parijJAna karAnA eka yugAntakArI ghaTanA hai / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kA mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' isI yugAntakArI ghaTanA kA pratirUpa hai, jisameM unhoMne isa ghaTanA ko mATI aura zilpI kI sAMgarUpakatA dvArA abhivyaMjita kiyA hai / yaha ghaTanA Aja ke samakAlIna vyakti-caritroM ke bhItara parata-dara-parata rUpa meM chipI huI kuNThita aura jarjarita cetanAoM, vicAroM, saMvedanAoM aura mUlyoM kI yathArthatA ko jisa rUpa meM sampreSita karatI hai, vaha sarAhanIya avazya hai / Aja ke manuSya kA jIvana vyastatAoM kA puMja banA huA hai / usake pAsa racanA ke lie samaya nahIM hai / yadi isa vyasta jIvana meM se manuSya kucha samaya nikAla bhI letA hai to usakA upayoga vaha kina sandarbho-arthoM ke lie karatA hai, yaha eka vicAraNIya bindu hai / isa samaya kA upayoga yadi vyakti lokakalyANa ke lie karatA hai to usase zreyaskara vyakti koI nahIM ho sakatA / AcAryajI eka aise hI lokakalyANI vyakti aura muni haiN| unakA sampUrNa jIvana lokakalyANa kI bhAvanA se abhibhUta hai| lokakalyANI vyakti vaha hotA hai jise sAmAnyajana kI vizeSa cintA rahatI hai| AcAryajI isI ke pratirUpa haiN| unakA 'mUkamATI' eka mahAkAvya hai / isameM kula cAra khaNDa haiM jo mATI rUpI jIva ke jIvana ke cAra prasthAnoM kI kathA kaha DAlate haiN| ve usa jIva kI kathA ko mahattva nahIM dete haiM jinake pAsa apAra dhanarAzi hai / ve usa jIva kI kathA ko sAmane rakhate haiM jise loga 'sAmAnyajana' kahate haiN| isa sAmAnyajana ko Aja bhI uccavargIya loka akiMcana, tuccha, pada dalita aura aspRzya mAnate haiN| yahI pada dalita aura sarvahArAvarga isa 'mUkamATI' kI pramukha pAtra hai| Aja kI vikAsAtmaka sthiti meM bhI yaha varga utanA hI zoSita hai jitanA isake pUrva samaya meM thA / prazna uThatA hai ki kyA aba bhI usako mukti mila sakatI hai ? racanAkAra isakA samAdhAna khojatA hai / varNa, varga, jAti, sampradAya, dharma, bhASA, prAnta aura deza ke bheda hamane banAe haiN| yaha jIva saMsArI manuSyoM kI vikRtipradhAna cetanA kI upaja hai / mATI isI cetanA kI pratIka hai| 'mUkamATI' eka punarjAgaraNa cetanA se yukta mahAkAvya hai jo apane vistRta phalaka ke bhItara una mAnavIya cetanAoM ko saMgumphita kie hue hai jisakI Dora pakar3akara sAmAnyajana apanI muktikAmI cetanA ko Aja bhI nirantara vikasita kara sakatA hai| yahA~ yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki racanAkAra jisa sAmAnyajana ko apanI racanAdharmitA kA aMga banAnA cAhatA hai usakA jur3Ava isI mATI aura mATI se jur3I dharatI yA loka se hai / vaha mATI kI muktikAmanA ko sAmAnyajana kI muktikAmanA se jor3akara dekhatA hai| vaha mATI kI vivazatA, du:khamayatA aura dayanIyatA ko sAmAnyajana kI vivazatA, duHkhamayatA aura dayanIyatA mAnatA hai| usake lie jo mATI kI chaTapaTAhaTa aura pIr3A hai vahI sAmAnyajana kI pIr3A lagane lagatI hai / isa pIr3A kI prApti jAgaraNa ke abhAva meM hI hotI hai / racanAkAra sAmAnyajana kI isa pIr3A se kSabdha hotA hai aura usakA upAya DhU~r3hatA hai aura niSkarSa nikAlatA hai ki dharma, darzana aura adhyAtma hI vaha vasta hai jo sAmAnyajana meM viveka utpanna kara sakatA hai| yahI viveka sAmAnyajana kI mukti kA upAya bana sakatA hai bazarte usakA jur3Ava aura lagAva dharma, darzana aura adhyAtma se ho / eka bAta aura hai ki racanAkAra kA mukhya sarokAra kevala dharma-darzana aura adhyAtma kI mahattA kA pratipAdana karanA hI nahIM hai varan usake mAdhyama se vyakti-caritra kI una nyUnatAoM kI ora saMketita bhI karanA hai jisake kAraNa Aja bhI sAmAnyajana yA dalitajana paratantratA kI muktikAmI cetanA se svayaM ko
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________________ 190 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA nahIM jor3a pA rahA hai / vaha paratantratA kI cetanA ko vistArita karane vAlI sAmrAjyavAdI, upanivezavAdI, pU~jIvAdI aura upabhoktAvAdI dezoM kI sAmAjika, Arthika, rAjanItika aura sAMskRtika kAlI karatUtoM kI pola kholane meM nahIM hicakicAtA, kyoMki inhIM karatUtoM kI jAnakArI se sAmAnyajana meM jAgRti A sakatI hai, aisA usakA vizvAsa hai| 'mUkamATI' eka prAsaMgika mahAkAvya hai / isakA jur3Ava mAnavIya cetanA se hai / yaha mahAkAvya paramparAgata paribhASA ke caukhaTe meM bhale hI phiTa na ho, para udAtta vastumayatA aura kAvyamayatA kI sAMgarUpakatA, vyakti jIvana kI anubhUtimayatA, muktachanda kI pravAhamayatA, cetanA kI antaraMgatA tathA Adhunika jIvana sandarbho kI yathArthatA ko jina vibhinna samakAlIna paridRzyoM aura parivezoM meM Akalita kiyA gayA hai, vaha mahAkAvya kI garimA aura gaurava ko anacAhe meM hI bar3hAtA hai / racanAkAra isa mahAkAvya ke Arambhika sUtroM ko jina vibhinna prAkRtika dRzya-vidhAnoM ke mAdhyama se ukeratA hai, unameM kevala prAkRtika paridRzya hI nahIM hai; unameM chipA hai eka vedanA kA mAnavIya saMsAra, jise vaha mATI kI sAMgarUpakatA dvArA abhivyakta karatA hai| mATI vyakti, mAnava, jIva tathA prANI kA pratIka hai| mATI dharatI se alaga nahIM hai, vaha usI kA aMza mAtra hai| dharatI usakI mA~ hai aura vaha hai usakI beTI / zilpakAra usakA pitA hai| jIva saMsAra meM Ate hI apane uttama guNoM ko kyoMkara vismRta kara detA hai, isakA gosvAmI tulasIdAsa uttara dete haiM : "vividha karma guna kAla svabhAU / ye cAtaka mana bujhau na kaauu|" spaSTa hai ki jIva apane Apako sAMsArika karmoM meM itanA ulajhA letA hai ki vaha apanI guNadharmitA ko bhI bhUla jAtA hai / guNadharmitA ke vismaraNa se hI usameM aneka prakAra ke vikAra utpanna ho jAte haiN| yahI vikAra mATI ke vikAra bhI bana jAte haiN| mATI vividha pahAr3oM, paThAroM aura maidAnoM ke Atapa-tApa ko sahate hue nadiyoM ke dvArA saMgRhIta kI jAtI hai jisase usameM varNasaMkaratA A jAtI hai / yahI varNasaMkaratA usakI vikRti kA pramukha kAraNa hai / jIva kI bhI yahI gati hai / saMsAra ke mAyAvI prabhAva se usameM bhI vikRti aura varNasaMkaratA A jAtI hai / duHkha, karuNA yA vedanA isI vikRti aura varNasaMkaratA kI dena hai| __ zilpI yAnI kumbhakAra jaise mATI kI vikRtatA aura varNasaMkaratA ko samApta kara use maMgalamaya ghaTa meM rUpAntarita kara detA hai vaise hI samAja meM aneka sAdhu, santa, muni aura RSi vidyamAna haiM jo sAMsArika jIvoM ko apane sArthaka upadezoM se unheM satkarmoM kI rAha para lAkara pariSkRta aura saMskArita kara sakate haiN| lokamaMgala cetanA kA vikAsa satkarmoM ke abhAva meM asambhava hai| dharma, darzana aura adhyAtma jIvoM ko satkarma karane kI preraNA pradAna karate haiN| karma hI pramukha sarokAra hai jisase sukha aura zAnti prApta kI jA sakatI hai| yaha vizva karma kI hI pariNati hai / karma ke do bheda haiM-acchA (satkarma) aura burA (kukarma) / kukarma karake hI yaha mATI rUpI jIva kAma, krodha, mada, lobha, garva ityAdi meM pha~sa jAtA hai aura sukarma (satkarma) karake vaha ina sabhI se chuTakArA prApta karatA hai| ina pA~ca zatruoM se chuTakArA pAne para hI usakI dRSTi lokakalyANakArI ho uThatI hai| isIlie mATI rUpI jIva apanI mA~ dharatI se, jo usakI patha-pradarzikA bhI hai, pada, patha aura pAtheya kI mA~ga karatI hai : "saritA-taTa kI mATI/apanA hRdaya kholatI hai/mA~ dharatI ke sammukha ! ...pada do, patha do/pAtheya bhI do mA~ !" (pR. 4-5) yahI mATI jIva bhI hai, nAyikA bhI hai, premikA bhI hai, nArI bhI hai, prakRti bhI hai aura kumbhakAra racayitA hai, nAyaka bhI hai, premI bhI hai, nara bhI hai, puruSa bhI hai| tabhI to vaha mATI kI varNasaMkaratA aura vikRtiyoM ko naSTa kara maMgalamayI kumbha ko gar3hatA hai aura kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai : "vaha eka kuzala zilpI hai !/usakA zilpa/kaNa-kaNa ke rUpa meM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 191 bikharI mATI ko/nAnA rUpa pradAna karatA hai ...zilpI kA nAma/kumbhakAra huA hai|" (pR. 27-28) 'mUkamATI' Adhunika bhAvabodha se sambandhita eka rASTrIya cetanA kA kAvya hai / Adhunika yuga ke mAnavasamAja aura jIvana meM anAsthA kA bhAva eka saMkrAmaka roga banakara phailA hai| yaha roga manuSya mAtra ko jar3IbhUta banAe hue hai| usameM socane aura samajhane kA mAddA nahIM raha gayA hai ki kyA karaNIya hai aura kyA akaraNIya / Aja kA manuSya kAma, krodha, lobha, garva, mamatva, mada, IrSyA-dveSa, saMgharSa ko apanAkara jI rahA hai / ye sabhI bhAva anacAhe meM hI manuSya se anaitika aura asAttvika kArya karAte rahate haiM / yuddha aura narasaMhAra isI kI pariNati hai / du:kha aura vedanA isI kI dena hai| AtaMkavAda aura hiMsA kI upaja bhI inhIM kAraNoM se huI hai| azAnti aura vicalana isI kI dena hai| ina sabhI amAnavIya bhAvanAoM aura cetanAoM se manuSya jAti yA vizva kI vividha jAtiyoM ko yadi ubaranA hai to unheM ina pravRttiyoM se apanA nAtA tor3anA par3egA / para nAtA tor3anA itanA sarala nahIM hai / ise kArya rUpa meM pariNata karanA hogaa| sAttvika aura naitika karmoM kI z2immevArI lenI hogI tabhI isase bacA jA sakatA hai / yaha tabhI sambhava hai jaba vizva ke sAre loga zilpI ke prati AsthAvAn hoM, kyoMki : "AsthA ke binA rAstA nahIM" (pR. 10)-AsthA hI isakA sthAyI hala hai jo isa mahAkAvya kI mUla manobhUmi hai / anAsthA hI vizva kI sabhI pIr3AoM, duHkhoM, kaSToM, vipadAoM, viparIta karmoM, yAtanAoM, narasaMhAroM, yuddhoM kI jananI hai| varNasaMkaratA aura vikRtiyoM kI upaja ke mUlabhUta kAraNa bhI yahI haiN| isalie yadi deza, jAti, rASTra aura vizva tathA mAnavatA ko bacAnA hai to pratyeka vyakti ko AsthAvAn honA pdd'egaa| yahI isa kRti kA mUla sandeza hai| yaha mahAkAvya eka aitihAsika aura sAMskRtika pIThikA ko apane dIrgha kalevara meM saMjoe hue hai| yaha mahAkAvya kevala mATI ke itihAsa' kA hI prastutIkaraNa nahIM karatA varan vaha mAnava ke jIvana darzana ke itihAsa ko bhI yathArtha rUpa meM prastuta karatA hai / yaha jIvana darzana racanAkAra dvArA thopA huA nahIM hai varan prasaMgagata parivezoM se upajA huA darzana hai / yaha jIvana darzana ke AsthAvAdI svarUpa kA Akalana karatA hai / yaha anAsthAvAdI darzana kA virodhI hai / usake isa Astika darzana meM mAnava ke sAttvika jIvana kA itihAsa chipA huA hai / vAstavika jIvana isI kA nAma hai / Aja ke yuga meM sAmrAjyavAdI, upanivezavAdI aura uccavargIya tathA pU~jIvAdI logoM ne anAsthA aura nAstikatA kA jo vAtAvaraNa paidA kiyA hai, vaha mAnava vikAsa ke lie ghAtaka siddha huA hai / Aja jo mAnava vikAsa kI yAtrA meM avarodha Ae haiM ve saba inhIM vargoM dvArA utpanna kie gae haiN| ina sabhI ne garIboM kA jInA harAma kara diyA hai jabaki vizva meM inakI saMkhyA kama hai| racanAkAra kahatA hai ki merI kRti amIroM-pU~jIpatiyoM kI dharohara nahIM hai, vaha garIboM kI sampatti hai jisameM abhI bhI AsthA ke bIja maujUda haiN| vaha ghoSaNA karatA hai : "amIroM kI nahIM/garIboM kI bAta hai;/koThI kI nahIM/ kuTiyA kI bAta hai" (pR. 32) / yaha racanAkAra kI krAntikArI avadhAraNA hai jise dhyAna meM rakhakara hI isa kRti kA mUlyAMkana kiyA jA sakatA hai / racanAkAra kI dRSTi meM mATI kI vedanA sAmAnyajana kI vedanA hai| zoSita yA garIba ye hI haiN| choTI machalI ke samAna vedanA se chaTapaTAnA inakI niyati hai| Aja ke mAnava samAja aura jIvana kI viDambanA yahI hai ki bar3I machalI choTI machalI ko sAbUta nigala jAtI hai| choTI machalI ko Aja ke mAnava samAja aura jIvana meM jIne kA adhikAra nahIM hai| bar3I machalI paryAya hai una pU~jIpatiyoM, AbhijAtya aura uccavargIya logoM kI, jo sAmAnyajana ko zoSaNa cakra kA zikAra banAte haiN| choTI machalI paryAya hai zoSita, dalita, sarvahArA varga kI, jo sAmAnyajana ke rUpa meM nirantara zoSita hote rahate haiN| racanAkAra kahatA hai : "choTI ko bar3I machalI/sAbUta nigalatI haiM yahA~"(pR. 71) / kahanA na hogA ki uccavargIya loga hI mAnava samAja aura jIvana ko IrSyA-dveSa, zatrutA, hiMsA, AtaMkavAda, ghRNA,
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________________ 192 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA vaimanasya, bheda bhAva se ApUrita kara isa vizva ko virUpa karanA cAhate haiN| 'mUkamATI' ke racanAkAra kI dRSTi pragatizIla bhI hai| usakI yaha pragatizIla vicAradhArA samAjavAdI vicAradhArA jaisI hai / vaha yaha mAnatA hai ki samAja isa samaya vyaktivAdI avadhAraNA ko apanAkara vikasita ho rahA hai jisase samAja meM jAti, varga, sampradAya, bhASA, deza jaisI aneka bhedAtmaka sthitiyoM kA udaya ho jAtA hai / aba jAtiyA~ kevala do hI haiM-bar3I jAti aura choTI jAti / bar3I jAti paryAya hai pU~jIpatiyoM kA aura choTI jAti paryAya hai sAmAnyajana kaa| pU~jIpatiyoM kA auz2Ara hai pU~jI arthAt dhana / ina pU~jIpatiyoM ke udbhava kI kahAnI bahuta-kucha dhana ekatrita karane kI kahAnI se jur3I huI hai / yaha dhana yA pU~jI hI saMsAra ke sAre vainamasya, dveSa, zatrutA kI jananI hai / isane saMsAra ke sAre dharmoM ko vikRti kara rakhA hai| samAja ke vikRti hone para vyakti bhI vikRti ho jAtA hai / isI vikRti kI pradhAnatA se jaba yuga bhI paricAlita hone lagatA hai to use 'kaliyuga' kahate haiM / kaliyuga isI vaimanasya, dveSa, ghRNA, hiMsA, zatrutA kA lekhA-jokhA hai / yaha sat ko asat mAnane kI dRSTi vikasita karatA hai / kalikAla (mRtyu) ke samAna hai isIlie vaha krUra hai| isI asat dRSTi ne pUre vizva se 'dhamma saraNaM gacchAmi, 'dhammo dayA-visuddho' aura 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam'Adi kI bhAvanA ko tahasa-nahasa kara diyA hai| aba vyaktiyoM kI dRSTiyoM meM antara A gayA hai / isa antara kA kAraNa kaliyuga kA prakopa hai : " "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam"/isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai/vasu yAnI dhana-dravya/dhA yAnI dhAraNa karanA/ Aja/dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai/dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kA" (pR. 82) / spaSTa hai ki Aja ke mAnavIya sambandhoM kA mUla AdhAra dhana hI hai / pitA-putra, pati-patnI, bhAI-bhAI, mAnava-mAnava, deza-videza, jana-jana ke riztoM meM jo badalAva AyA hai usakA utsa dhana hI hai / isake asamAna vitaraNa ne deza-videza meM tahalakA macA rakhA hai| sAre bheda-bhAva kI jar3a yahI hai / vyaktivAdI vicAradhArA ke vikAsa meM isI kA hAtha hai / isI ne vyAdhiyoM, AdhiyoM, ApadAoM, hiMsAoM, yuddhoM ko janma diyA hai| vizva samAja ko bA~Tane vAlA bhI yahI hai / saMkara-doSa aura asat ko vistAra dene vAlA bhI yahI hai / racanAkAra ina kaliyuga kI vikRtiyoM se bacane kA AhvAna karatA hai / prazna uThanA svAbhAvika hai ki Akhira ina sArI vikRtiyoM se, jisakI jar3a dhana hai, kaise bacA jA sakatA hai ? isa para vicAra karate hue racanAkAra sAttvika karmoM kI bAta karatA hai / vaha kahatA hai : "zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nhiiN|" sAhitya zabda-sAdhanA hai / vaha anubhava karAne meM madada karatA hai / vyakti usakA anubhava tabhI kara sakatA hai jaba usakA mana vikRti na ho yAnI sAttvika ho / sAttvika mana hI sAhitya ke anubhUta aura anuprerita anubhUtiyoM ko karma rUpa meM pariNati karAte haiN| sAhitya isI artha meM sArthaka hai| sAhitya hI vaha jJAna-rAzi hai jo manuSya meM viveka jagAtA hai tathA vyakti, samAja aura jIvana kI vAstavikatAoM se jIva ko paricita karAtA hai| 'mUkamATI' eka sAhityika kRti hai| unameM sAhitya kI sabhI vizeSatAe~ upalabdha haiN| sAhityakAra eka zilpI hai jisake sA~ce meM sAhitya DhalatA hai / sAhitya kyA hai ? isako paribhASita karate hue racanAkAra kahatA hai : "hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai aura/sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai / " (pR. 111) tulasI kI paMkti : "surasari sama saba kara hita hoI" kI taraha hI racanAkAra kA bhI yaha mantavya hai ki sAhitya ko lokakalyANakArI bhAvanA se yukta honA caahie| isa artha meM racanAkAra kI sAhitya kI paribhASA lokakalyANa se ApUrita hai| sAhitya se hI sukha kA samudbhava aura sampAdana hotA hai| sacamuca sAhitya hI mAnava jIvana kA eka aisA jItA-jAgatA itihAsa hai jo atIta ke sAtha vartamAna ko bhI apane garbha meM chipAe rahatA hai / ve sAhitya ko eka
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 193 prayojanIya vastu mAnate haiN| sAhitya kA kAma hai manuSya ko, vyakti manuSya ko nahIM, balki samaSTi manuSya ko, Arthika, sAmAjika aura rAjanItika zoSaNa se mukta karAnA / sAhitya aisI mAnavIya saMskRti kA nirmAtA hotA hai jisameM samaSTi manuSya kI samatA aura sAmUhika mukti-cetanA kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai / sAhitya manuSya ko choTe prayojanoM meM bA~dhane ke badale use prayojanAtIta satya kI ora unmukha karatA hai / sAhitya unake lie bhautika prayatnoM se bhinna eka sAMskRtika vastu hai, kyoMki prayojana jahA~ samApta hote haiM vahIM se sAhitya kI zurUAta hotI hai / racanAkAra kI dRSTi meM sAhitya kA prayojana manuSya ko saMkIrNatA aura moha, lobha, mamatva se uThAkara udAra, vivekI aura sahAnubhUtimaya banAnA hai| usakA sthUla prayojanoM se kucha lenA-denA nahIM hai / vaha prakAza kA rUpAntara hai| kAvya aura sAhitya meM racanAkAra antara nahIM mAnatA hai| usakA bhI vahI prayojana aura kAma hai jo sAhitya kA / kavitA meM rasa kA honA anivArya hotA hai kyoMki binA usake kavitA pAThakoM para gaharA prabhAva nahIM DAla sakatI / kAvya kevala kauzala hI nahIM hai, vaha anubhUtimaya saMyojana bhI hai| anubhUti kI sAndratA hI rasa hai / racanAkAra ne kavitA kI rasamayatA ko manuSya jIvana kI rasamayatA se jor3a diyA hai| kAvya ke nava rasa hoM yA gyAraha, sabhI kA jur3Ava manuSya ke jIvana kI aitihAsika gAthA se hai / sAhitya bhI mATI ke maMgala ghaTa taka banane kI pUrI yAtrA taya karatA hai| kAvya kI dRSTi se isa kRti meM jina vividha alaMkAroM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai unake sandarbha nitAnta nae aura mohaka haiN| isa kRti meM zabda kI aneka artha-chaviyoM ko ubhArane kA jo prayatna kiyA gayA hai usakA zreya racanAkAra ko hai / racanAkAra kI arthAnveSiNI dRSTi zabda-dhvaniyoM kI bArIkI ko parata-daraparata ukeratI hai jisase zabda ke marma sahaja hI udghATita ho jAte haiM / muhAvare aura lokokti ke prayoga se artha meM cAra cA~da laga gae haiN| bhASA-zailI kI praur3hatA isa kRti kI aisI vizeSatA hai jo racanA ko pAThaka se jor3atI hai / isa prakAra 'mUkamATI' eka sAhityika aura AdhyAtmika kRti hai jo vizva ke mAnavoM ko jIne kA rahasya batalAtI hai / pRSTha26 isa yuga ke do mAnava ----- ziva ke samAna kharA utarA hai!
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________________ adhyAtma-vidyA kA sAgara : 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya DaoN. vimala kumAra jaina adhyAtma-vidyA-sAgara santa kavi AcArya vidyAsAgara kI kAvyakRti 'makamATI' eka aisA rUpaka mahAkAvya hai jisake prabandha kathAnaka meM adhyAtma itanI cArutA se sampRkta hai tathA jisakA nirvahaNa Adyanta itanI kuzalatA se huA hai ki kahIM bhI vizRMkhalatA kA AbhAsa taka nahIM hotA / isase mahAkavi kI pAradarzI dUradRSTi kA paricaya milatA isameM mahAkAvya ke prAyaH sabhI lakSaNa upalabdha hote haiM, para ekadama pAramparika na hokara, apanI navInatA ke saath| tadanusAra yaha kAvya sargabaddha hai / rUpaka hone ke kAraNa isakA nAyaka kumbhakAra rUpa guru tathA mATI rUpa mumukSa AtmA nAyikA hai / nAyaka dhIrodAtta rUpa meM hI nirUpita hai, kyoMki AtmA ke utthAna kI prakriyA meM vaha kahIM bhI dhairya nahIM khotA tathA sabhI ke prati udAtta vRtti rakhatA hai / nAyikA bhI tadanukUlA hai / isameM zAnta rasa kI pradhAnatA hai aura zRMgAra Adi rasoM kA prasaMgAnukUla aMkana hai / isakA ucca uddezya saMsAra-sAgara meM nimagna AtmA kA uddhAra karanA hai| isameM sthAna sthAna para khaloM kI nindA aura santoM kI prazaMsA bhI hai| inake atirikta prakRti kA citraNa, sUrya, candra, rajanI, divA, prAtaH, sandhyA, Rtu, sAgara tathA raNa, muni, mitra aura punarjanma Adi kA bar3A hI vizada citraNa hai, jisakA nirdeza hama prasaMgavaza Age kreNge| ina lakSaNoM tathA rUpaka-nirvahaNa kI puSTi ke lie hama isake kathAnaka para eka vihaMgama dRSTi DAlate haiN| prathama khaNDa : rajanI kA antima prahara hai, saritA tamasAvRta dharAtala para bahI jA rahI hai| kucha kSaNa pazcAt sUrya kI raktima AbhA usa para vicitra citra banAtI hai| isI samaya prabhUta kAla se dharAgarbha meM supta kintu udbuddha mATI dharatI se kahatI hai- 'mA~ ! maiM janma-janmAntara se patitA, padadalitA hU~, isa paryAya se mukti cAhatI huuN|' dharatI ne kahA'beTA ! sattA zAzvata hai, pratisattA meM utthAna-patana kI asaMkhya sambhAvanAe~ rahatI haiN| choTA-sA vaTa bIja vizAla vRkSa bana jAtA hai / isa prakAra sattA hI bhAsvata hotI hai / rahasya kI isa gandha kA anupAna AsthA kI nAsikA se hotA hai / ata: sarvaprathama AsthA- samyagdarzana kI prApti paramAvazyaka hai / ' 'jaisI gati, vaisI hI mati' isa ukti ke anusAra sAdhaka ke bodha arthAt samyagjJAna ke nimitta AsthA mUla kAraNa hai / isase sAdhaka ke mana meM svarAtIta anahadanAda kA saragama dhvanita hotA hai| sAdhaka apane ko laghutama jAnatA haA gurutama prabhu ko pahacAnatA hai| asatya ke tathya kI sahI pahacAna hI satya kA avadhAna hai / AsthAhIna kA bodha palAyita ho jAtA hai aura kaSAyeM guranei lagatI haiN| ata: AsthA kI dRr3hatA ke lie pratikAra, aticAra, anukUlatA kI pratIkSA aura rAga-dveSa kA tyAga anivArya hai| AsthAvAn yadi damI, yamI aura udyamI ho to usake AzA, dhRti aura utsAha Adi guNa udgata ho jAte haiM tathA Atma-vikAsa ke lie saMgharSamaya jIvana bhI harSamaya ho jAtA hai|' dharatI ke isa udbodhana se mATI ko kucha anta:prakAza-sA bhAsita huA / vaha bolI- 'prakRti aura puruSa ke sammilana, vikRti aura kaluSa ke saMkulana se AtmA meM sUkSma karmoM kA bodha hotA hai tathA karmoM kA saMzleSaNa aura AtmA se sva-para kAraNavaza vizleSaNa rUpa ye donoM hI kArya AtmA meM mamatA tathA samatA rUpa pariNati para hI hote haiM / yahI AsthA hai|' dharatI bolI- 'beTA ! tU mere bhAva taka pahuMca gii| terA uddhAra samIpa hI hai| kumbhakAra (guru) AegA aura yadi
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 195 tU samarpaNazIlA ho gaI to vahI terA uddhAra kregaa|' tadanantara rAta- mithyAndhakAra meM miTTI kA cintana calatA rahA ki upayoga- sat-jJAna aura sat-darzana se viSAda meM ullAsa, udvega meM asaMga prakAza, kaSAyoM meM mUrchA aura doSoM meM hrAsa ho jAtA hai / sAdhaka pathika ahiMsA Adi vratoM ko pAlane lagatA hai / AcAroM ke sAmya se sAdhaka meM sampreSaNIyatA A jAtI hai aura sampreSaNa se tattvoM-sAta tattvoM kA jJAna sampuSTa hotA hai| kumbhakAra (guru) AtA hai / vaha sthitaprajJa, avikalpI, hitamitabhASI tathA udAsIna hai aura ku=dharatI (dharatI ke manuSyoM) kA bha=bhAgya+kAra bhAgya vidhAtA hai| usane oMkAra ko namaskAra kiyA, ahaMkAra kA vamana kiyA aura puna: kudAlI- kuzAgra buddhi-se mATI ke Upara kI parata (ajJAna kI parata) haTAI aura mATI ke gAloM para ghAva dekhakara usakA kAraNa pUchA / miTTI ne khodane vAloM kI nirdayatA aura apanI udAratA btaaii| zilpI ne samajhAte hue kahA ki ati ke binA iti se sAkSAtkAra nahIM hotA aura iti ke binA atha kA darzana sambhava nhiiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki ati hI pIr3A kI iti hai aura yaha iti hI sukha kA atha hai| ____ kumbhakAra ne miTTI ko gadahe para lAdA / gadahe kI pITha para rakhI khuradarI borI kI ragar3a se usakI pITha chila rahI thI to miTTI ne usameM sanakara mAno malahama lagAkara use sukha diyaa| yaha dayArdratA sva-dayA kA smaraNa karAtI hai / dayA kA viloma 'yAda' bhI isI satya kI ora iMgita karatA hai| jaise vAsanA kA vilAsa moha hai, vaise hI dayA kA vikAsa mokSa hai / ata: vAsanA heya hai aura dayA upAdeya hai| mATI kI dayA-bhAvanA ko dekha gadahA socane lagA ki kyA hI acchA hotA ki maiM bhI sArthaka nAma ho jAU~ - gada-dukha, hA= nAzaka, arthAt para-dukhahArI banU~ / isa vicAra meM 'parasparopagraho jIvAnAm' kI dhvani gUMja rahI hai / kumbhakAra (guru) kA upAzrama (dharmasthala) yogazAlA hai, jahA~ sAdhaka ko prazikSaNa milatA hai / upAzrama Akara usane miTTI ko utArA aura cAlanI (viveka) se chAna kara kaMkar3oM (vibhAvoM) ko pRthak kiyaa| isa para kaMkar3oM ko Apatti huii| kumbhakAra ne kahA- 'mRdutA aura RjutA mere zilpa ko nikhAratI hai, tuma kaThora ho aura varNa-saMkaratAjanaka ho, ata: maiMne tumako mATI se alaga kiyA hai / jaise kSIra meM nIra mila kara kSIra bana jAtA hai parantu usI kSIra meM Aka kA kSIra rUpa viSa mila jAe to kSIra bhI phaTakara viSa bana jAtA hai| tuma mATI meM to mile, para mATI na bane / himakhaNDa pAnI meM tairatA hI rahatA hai / yaha mAna kA dyotaka hai / jala tarala hai, Rju hai, ata: bIja ko aMkurita karatA hai para hima use jalA detA hai| hima kI DalI mu~ha meM DAlane se pyAsa aura bhar3akatI hai| rAhI ko yadi hIrA bananA hai to mAna chor3a kara viloma rUpa se cale arthAt mAna se namA namra bane / tapa kI Aga meM rAkha hokara hI jIva kharA banatA hai| ___ kumbhakAra (guru) miTTI ko gIlA karane ke lie kue~ se jala lene ko rassI kI granthiyA~ kholatA hai| usake dA~ta hila jAte haiM, masUr3e chila jAte haiM arthAt kaThinAiyA~ AtI haiM / ThIka bhI hai, granthiyoM meM hiMsA panapatI hai, ataeva guru nirgrantha hote haiN| yadi rassI (guru bhAvanA) meM granthi rahIM to girrA para santulana bigar3ane kI bhA~ti guru kI kriyA meM bhI santulana bigar3a jAyagA / kumbhakAra kI chAyA kue~ meM eka machalI (eka santrasta bhavya AtmA) para par3I, usakI mUrnA UrdhvamukhI huI aura vaha bolI-'merA uddhAra karo!' kumbhakAra ne rassI se bAlaTI bA~dhI aura pAnI ke sAtha vaha bhI bAlaTI ke mAdhyama se Upara A jAtI hai| vahA~ kUpa meM machalI ne dekhA thA ki bar3I machaliyA~ choTI machaliyoM ko khA jAtI haiN| astra astra ko kATatA hai, kRpANa meM kRpA nahIM hotI / yahA~ machalI ke miSa kumbhakAra bar3I hI manohara udbhAvanAe~ karatA hai ki Adhunika yuga meM mAnavatA dAnavatA ke rUpa meM tathA 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kI bhAvanA 'vasu eva kuTumbakam' meM badala gaI hai, ityaadi|
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________________ 196 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA miTTI ne machalI ko samajhAyA ki beTA ! yahI to kaliyuga kI pahacAna hai / sat ko asat mAnanA hI kaliyuga hai aura sat ko sat mAnanA sat-yuga hai / kaliyuga kI dRSTi vyaSTi para rahatI hai aura sat-yuga kI samaSTi para / kali zava hai, sat ziva hai| vyAdhi se Adhi aura Adhi se upAdhi bhayaMkara hai, ata: upAdhi iSTa nahIM, samAdhi hI iSTa hai / yaha sunakara machalI samAdhi arthAt sallekhanA grahaNa karanA cAhatI hai| dharatI ke kahane para kumbhakAra use puna: jala meM utAra detA hai| dvitIya khaNDa : zIta kAla kI rAta hai, zilpI (kumbhakAra) miTTI sAnane meM vyasta hai para zarIra para kevala eka cAdara hai| miTTI ne kahA-'Apa eka kambala to le lo|' zilpI ne uttara diyA ki yaha to kama bala vAloM kA kArya hai| maiM to zItazIla hU~ aura Rtu bhI zItazIlA hai / svabhAva meM rahanA hI merA karma hai-'vastusvabhAvo dhrm:'| puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI mokSa hai| __ miTTI mauna ho gii| prAta: huA aura kumbhakAra miTTI ko gUMdhane lagA to kudAlI se kSata-vikSata huA eka kA~TA badalA lene ko udyata ho gyaa| tabhI miTTI ne use udbodhita kiyA ki badale meM Aga hotI hai, jo tana-cetana ko jalA detI hai| yaha sunakara vahIM khar3A huA gulAba kA paudhA bolA-kA~Te ko burA na kho| kabhI phUla zUla bana jAte haiM aura kabhI zUla phUla / ina kA~ToM se hI maiM surakSita huuN| tatpazcAt zilpI ne jaise hI miTTI ke lode ko cakra para rakhakara use ghumAyA to miTTI ne saMsAra kA svarUpa samajhAte hue kahA- 'saMsaratIti saMsAra:'- saMsAra saMsaraNazIla hai, ata: maiM cAra gatiyoM aura caurAsI lakSa yoniyoM meM bhramaNa karatI A rahI hU~ / miTTI se ghar3A banA aura use cAka se utArA / usa para aneka aMka tathA citra aMkita kie, yathA-99, 63, 36, siMha-zvAna, kacchapa-kharagoza, hI-bhI Adi / inase kramaza: saMsAra cakra, sAmaMjasya, vaimanasya, svatantra-paratantra, apramAda-pramAda aura ekAntavAda (durAgraha) tathA anekAntavAda (syAdvAda) kA bodha diyA / kumbha para ye vAkya bhI likhe hue haiM- 'kara para kara do, 'mara hama marahama baneM', 'maiM do galA' arthAt maiM do galA hU~ athavA maiM ko galA do| aba zizira meM hI vasanta kA anta hotA hai aura nidAgha padArpaNa karatA hai / yahA~ nidAgha aura vasantAnta kA kramaza: bar3A hI manojJa aura uddAma varNana hai / aisA lagatA hai ki kavi kI lekhanI ne svayaM sarasvatI banakara patroM para RtuoM ko utAra diyA hai| tRtIya khaNDa : varSA Rtu A gaI hai| jala, dharA kA vaibhava lUTa kara sAgara meM le gayA hai, jisane usakA saMgraha kara liyA hai| saMgraha hI parigraha hai aura parigraha mUrchA hai| sUrya se jar3adhI-jaladhi kA yaha anyAya dekhA na gayA aura usane usake jala ko jalAkara vASpa banAnA prArambha kiyaa| isa vigraha meM candra ne jalatattva kA pakSa liyA aura jaladhi meM jvAra lA diyaa| dharatI ne kRtaghna samudra ko kSamA kara use motI die| isase candra aura bhI kruddha huA aura samudra ko prerita kara tIna badaliyoM ko bhijavAyA / yahA~ para badaliyoM kA bar3A hI manorama citraNa hai / vAstava meM kavi ne badaliyoM ke miSa nArI ke vividha rUpoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / 'nArI' nArI isalie hai ki usakA koI zatru nahIM hai aura na vaha kisI kI zatru hai / maMgalamaya hone se vaha 'mahilA' hai / puruSa meM ava-jJAnajyoti yA aba-vartamAna meM lAtI hai, ata: 'abalA' hai yA isalie abalA' hai ki vaha balA nahIM hai / dharma, artha aura kAma- ina puruSArthoM meM puruSa kA sAtha dene se vaha 'strI' hai| pramAtR hone se 'mAtA' hai tathA usameM sundara bhAva rahane se 'sutA' hai| badaliyoM ne apane ujjvala pakSa ko pahacAnA aura samudra kA sAtha na dekara motI brsaae| kumbhakAra kahIM bAhara gayA huA thaa| muktA-varSA kA samAcAra sunakara rAjA sadala-bala A gayA, usane motiyoM ko boriyoM meM bharane kA Adeza diyA / bAdaloM ko yaha burA lagA, ve garajane lage / eka dhvani AI : 'anartha,anartha' artha kI upalabdhi svayaM zrama karake kro| sajjana para-dravya ko miTTI samajhate haiM-'paradravyeSu loSThavat / ' motiyoM (motiyoM ke lobha) ne bicchU banakara
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 197 sabako Dasa liyA / isI samaya kumbhakAra A gayA / usane rAjA se kSamA mA~gI / apakva kumbha ne rAjA se vyaMgya meM kahA- jalatI agarabattI ko chUne se jala gae na, lakSmaNa-rekhA lA~ghane vAlA daNDita hotA hI hai / kumbhakAra ne use mauna kA saMketa kara, motI bharI boriyA~ rAjA ko dekara vidA kiyaa| jaba badaliyA~ lauTane lagI to sAgara ne strI rUpa hone se unheM 'calA' kaha ddaalaa| prabhAkara ko yaha ukti burI lagI aura usane bar3avAgni prajvalita kara sAgara ko jalAnA prArambha kiyA / sAgara ne isakI upekSA kara tIna bAdala bhejekRSNa, nIla aura pIta rUpa / ye tIna lezyAe~ haiN| unhoMne prabhAkara ko Acchanna kara diyaa| bhAskara ne prakhara karoM se unheM prabhAvita karanA prArambha kiyaa| isa para sAgara ne rAha ko bhar3akA kara usakA grahaNa karA diyaa| prakRti vikala ho gaI to kaNa-kaNa ne mA~ dharatI se nistAra kI prArthanA kii| dharatI ne kaNoM ko prahAra kI AjJA dI, kaNa prabhaMjana bana ge| bhUkaNa saghana hokara bhI agha se anagha rahe. ata: ghana (bAdala) bhAgane lge| kaNa pIche aura ghana aage| sAgara ne pana: aura ghana bheje / pracchanna rUpa se indra ne dhanuSa tAnakara ghanoM kA tana cIra diyA aura vidyut utpanna kara vajrAghAta kiyA, jisase bAdala rone lage para jala-kaNoM kI mAra mArate rhe| kumbhakAra sthitaprajJa ho yaha saba kucha dekhatA rahA parantu gulAba ne sakhA pavana kA AhvAna kiyA / vaha Akara bAdaloM para TUTa par3A aura unheM samudra para hI dhakela diyA / isase samudra para hI ole par3ane lge| isase samudra zAnta ho gyaa| AkAza dhula-sA gayA, sUrya nikala AyA aura navAloka huA / para zilpI (guru) anAsakta rhaa| yaha dekha aparipakva kumbha ne kahA- 'ThIka hai, parISaha aura upasarga ke binA svarga-apavarga kI upalabdhi kabhI nahIM huii|' kumbhakAra aparipakva kumbha kI yaha bAta sunakara samajha gayA ki sAdhaka ThIka mArga para cala rahA hai aura kumbha se bolA- 'tumheM aba agnidhAra para calanA hai|' isa para kumbha ne kahA-'sAdhaka kI antaradRSTi meM jala aura anala kA bheda lupta ho jAtA hai tathA usakI sAdhanA-yAtrA bheda se abheda kI ora bar3hatI hI rahatI hai|' __caturtha khaNDa: kumbhakAra ne avA banAyA aura babUla Adi kI lakar3iyA~ cunIM / avA jalane lgaa| niraparAdha kumbha ko jalAne meM lakar3iyoM ne anyamanaskatA dikhAI to kumbhakAra ne kahA ki isako tapAkara isake uddhAra meM merI sahAyatA karo / lakar3iyoM ne sahayoga diyA aura dhUma nikalA / kumbha ne kumbhaka prANAyAma lagAyA jo yogataru kA mUla hai| udhara tapana aura dhUma se vikala kumbha ko agni ne dhyAna kA svarUpa samajhAyA tathA darzana aura adhyAtma kA antara batAte hae kahA ki darzana kA srota mastiSka hai. adhyAtma kA hadaya; darzana savikalpa hai aura adhyAtma nirvikalpa jnyaan| ___ kumbhakAra so gayA thaa| prAta: jaba usane avA kI rAkha haTAI to kumbha ko pakA dekhakara bahuta prasanna huA, kyoMki usakI sAdhanA saphala huii| udhara kumbha bhI svayaM ko mukta huA jAna kara prasanna huA aura socane lagA ki merA pAtradAna kisI tyAgI ko honA cAhie / yahA~ para sAdhu ke mUlaguNoM kA bar3A hI dArzanika kintu manorama bhASA meM pratipAdana huA hai| rAta meM eka seTha ko svapna AyA ki vaha maMgala kalaza le eka sAdhu kA svAgata kara rahA hai| prAta: hote hI usane kalaza lAne ke nimitta sevaka ko bhejA / sevaka kumbhakAra ke samIpa pahu~cA aura usase ghaTa kI yAcanA kii| kumbhakAra se ghaTa lekara sevaka ne kaMkar3a se ghaTa ko bajAyA to 'sA re ga ma pa dha ni' kI dhvani nikalI / mAnoM kaha rahA thA- sAre gama, padha-pada arthAt svabhAva, na-nahIM haiM arthAt duHkha merA svabhAva nahIM hai| sevaka ghaTa ko le aayaa| seTha ne usa para svastika citra banAyA aura mAMgalika padArthoM se use sajA kara sAdhu kI pratIkSA karane lgaa| jaise hI sAdhu Ae, usane namo'stunamo'stu-namo'stu, atra-atra-atra, tiSTha-tiSTha-tiSTha' kaha kara abhivAdana kiyA aura AhAra kI vidhi ke sAtha
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________________ 198 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA AhAra diyaa| sAdhu ne bhI kAyotsarga karake pANipAtra meM AhAra liyA / AhAroparAnta seTha kI prArthanA para sAdhu ne sabhI ko upadeza diyA ki yaha dRzyamAna jagat maiM nahIM hU~, ata: sva meM lIna ho puruSArtha karanA cAhie- puruSa=paramAtmA+artha prAptavya hai| yaha kahakara sAdhu cale ge| santa saMgati se vaMcita seTha atyanta khinna ho gyaa| seTha ko viSaNNa dekhakara kumbha ne use sAdhuoM kI mahimA batAkara Azvasta kiyaa| seTha ko kumbha meM sAdhutA ke darzana hue| isase svarNa kalaza ko IrSyA huI ki itane mUlyavAn kalazoM ke rahate hue miTTI ke ghaTa kA itanA sammAna ! taba miTTI ke kalaza ne use tAr3ate hue kahA-'tuma apane ko savarNa samajhate ho para tumhArI saMgati se to durgati kA mArga khulatA hai| mA~ mATI ko mAna do, yaha tumhArI bhI mA~ hai|' sva-para kA bhedajJAna hI sadjJAna hai aura sva meM ramaNa karanA hI satjJAna kA phala hai| viSayoM meM rasikatA aura bhogoM kI dAsatA saMsAra-bandhana ke kAraNa haiN| RSi bhI mATI kI zaraNa lete haiM, isI para zayana karate haiN| isa prasaMga meM vahIM para vidyamAna jhArI, cammaca, ghRta, kesara Adi kA noMkajhoMka pUrNa vArtAlApa bar3A hI manoraMjaka hai / sabhI ne miTTI ke ghaTa kA upahAsa kiyaa| rAta ko sote samaya khUna kA pyAsA eka macchara AyA / usane seTha kI pradakSiNA kI, kAna meM mAnoM mantra bhI japA, taba bhI kRpaNa ne kRpA na kii| yaha dekhakara palaMga meM vidyamAna matkuNa ne kahA-'sakhe ! cauMko nahIM, ye bar3e loga haiN| ye svayaM ke lie hI saMgraha karate haiM para hamako rakta kI eka bUMda bhI dAna nahIM krte|' kucha dera donoM meM bahuta hI rocaka kintu sAragarbhita sambhASaNa huA / seTha use sunakara prasanna huA aura apane ko prazikSita-sA anubhUta karane lgaa| parantu rAta meM nIMda na Ane se dAha jvara ho gyaa| prAta:kAla vaidya bulAe ge| saba ne parAmarza karake kahA-dAha jvara hai / unhone auSadhiyoM se upacAra kie para asaphala rahe / 'za-sa-Sa' ina bIjAkSaroM se bhI upacAra kiyA arthAt inako zvAsa se bhItara grahaNa karAkara nAsikA se oMkAra dhvani ke rUpa meM bAhara bAra-bAra nikalavAyA, anta meM bhU kI zaraNa lii| bhU kI putrI mATI kA Topa banAkara sira para rakhA, jisase seTha kI saMjJA vApisa Ane lgii| usake zarIra meM yogigamyA, mUlodgamA, UrdhvAnanA, pazyantI ke rUpa meM nAbhi kI parikramA karatI huI oMkAra dhvani nirakSarA rUpa meM uThI, jisane madhyamA ko jAgrata kara hRdaya madhya ko spandita kiyA, puna: tAlu-kaNTha-rasanA kA Azraya le vahI madhyamA vANI vaikharI bana kara mukha se niklii| miTTI ke upacAra se seTha nIroga ho gayA aura usane pArizramika dekara vaidyoM ko vidA kiyA / mATI kA yaha sammAna dekhakara svarNakalaza meM pratizodha kI bhAvanA puna: jgii| vaha socane lagA ki kaisA kaliyuga hai jo jhilamilAtI maNimAlAoM, maMjula muktAmaNiyoM, udAra hIraka hAroM, zuka-coMcoM ko lajAte gUMge se mUMgoM tathA nayanAbhirAma nIlama ke nagoM ko chor3a kara miTTI ke lepa se upacAra hotA hai, svarNa-rajatAdi ke pAtroM ko tyAgakara ispAta ke bartanoM kA kraya hotA hai, usase hathakar3I aura ber3iyA~ banatI haiM aura candana, ghRta evaM kapUra ko tiraskRta kara kardama kA lepa kiyA jAtA hai / loga saMgraha kara dhanADhya banate haiM aura samAjavAdI kahalAte haiN| usameM yaha socakara ahaM jagA aura usane AtaMkavAda kA Azraya liyaa| yaha dekha kumbha ne seTha ko saceta kiyA aura pIche ke dvAra se saparivAra bhAga jAne kA saMketa diyaa| seTha vana-upavana kI harita vRkSAvaliyoM se jAtA, siMha pIr3ita gajayUthoM ko abhaya detA huA Age bar3ha rahA thA ki AtaMkavAdiyoM ne AkramaNa bola diyA / gajoM tathA nAgoM ne unheM bacAyA aura AtaMkavAdI bhaya se bhAga gae / sahasA ghanI ghaTAe~ chA gaIM, pracaNDa pavana pravahita huA, vRkSa zIrSAsana karane lage, mUsalAdhAra varSA hone lagI aura saba jalamagna ho gayA / parantu kucha samaya pazcAt saba zAnta ho gayA aura sabane socA lauTa caleM parantu kumbha ne kahA-'nahIM, abhI AtaMkavAda zeSa hai, nadI ko pAra karanA hai| mere gale meM rassI bA~dho aura eka-dUsare ko pakar3a lo, maiM tumheM pAra le jaauuNgaa|' aisA hI huA, ve nadI meM kUda par3e / matsya, makara, kacchapa, sarpAdi ne unheM khAnA cAhA kintu unake maitrIpUrNa
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 199 bhAvoM se jalacaroM ke bhAva badala ge| taba nadI ne unheM bha~vara meM pha~sAnA cAhA para kumbha kA yaha upadeza suna kara ki 'arI pApiSThe ! tU bhI to dharatI kA Azraya lekara baha rahI hai / ' nadI ko jJAna huA aura vaha zAnta ho gaI / AtaMkavAda nirAza nahIM huA, usane patthara barasAe aura lalakAra kara kahA ki tuma samAjavAdI ho, kintu samAjavAda kahane mAtra se samAjavAdI nahIM ho jAte / usane jAla meM pha~sAnA cAhA / devoM kA AhvAna huA / anta meM AtaMkavAda parAsta huA / sabakA uddhAra huaa| seTha saparivAra nadI se bAhara AyA / vaha hAthoM meM kumbha le usI sthAna para AyA jahA~ se kumbhakAra ne miTTI khodI thI / dharatI ne putra kA abhyudaya dekhakara prasannatA prakaTa kI aura kahA - 'putra ! tumane merI AjJA mAnakara kumbhakAra kA saMsarga kiyA, yaha tumhArA sRjanazIla jIvana kA Adima sarga huA / usake caraNoM meM samarpita bhAva se jo ahaM kA utsarga kiyA, vaha dvitIya sarga huA / punaH bar3I kaThora parIkSAe~ dIM, yaha tRtIya sarga huA aura jIvana ko UrdhvamukhI banAyA, yaha jIvana kA antima sarga huA tathA tumane apane ko nisarga kiyA, yaha jIvana kA vargAtIta apavarga huA / yaha sunakara kumbha nata-mastaka ho gyaa| isI samaya sabhI ne eka pAdapa tale vItarAga sAdhu ko dekhA, ve vahA~ gae, praNAma kiyA aura pAvana kalaza jala se pAdAbhiSeka kiyaa| sabhI ne upadeza kI kAmanA vyakta kI / sAdhu ne kahA : 'jIvana kA antima lakSya mokSa hai aura vaha mokSa bandhana ke kAraNabhUta tana-mana-vacana kA AmUla miTa jAnA hI hai| isake pazcAt jIva punaH saMsAra meM nahIM AtA, jaise manthana ke pazcAt nikalA makkhana phira dUdha meM ekarUpa nahIM hotA / ' yaha kahakara santa mahAmauna meM lIna ho ge| sabane dekhA ki mUkamATI isa ghaTanA ko animeSa nihAra rahI hai / rUpaka kA nirvahaNa : eka padArtha meM para-padArtha kA rUpa dekhanA yA mAnanA rUpaka hai| zabda, vAkya yA vAkyAvali meM rUpaka kA nirvAha sahaja hotA hai, parantu samUce prabandha kAvya meM isakA nibhAyA jAnA duSkara hotA hai| vaha taba aura bhI duSkara hotA hai jaba ki kathAnaka bRhat ho aura usa para bhI taba aura bhI adhika kaThina hotA hai jaba kathAnaka meM Adyanta rUpaka ho aura vaha bhI adhyAtmaparaka, jaisA ki uparyukta kathAnaka se jJAta hotA hai / 'mUkamATI' aisA hI eka adhyAtmapUrNa rUpaka mahAkAvya hai, jisameM mATI ke maMgala kalaza rUpa meM carama vikAsa kI kathA varNita hai / kathA kA prArambha saritA taTa para nizAvasAna tathA uSAgamana ke samaya yuga-yugoM se patitA mATI meM uddhArArtha jJAnodbhAsa se hotA hai / saritA saMsAra kA pratIka hai| mATI rUpa AtmA anAdikAla se karmapudgaloM se Abaddha hai | nizA ajJAna aura uSA jJAna ke pratIka haiN| jaba bhavyAtmA meM ajJAna kA abhAva hotA hai aura jJAna kI kiraNeM prakAza phailAne lagatI haiM to usameM mukti kI kAmanA jAgRta hotI hai| mATI rUpa AtmA meM yahI bhAva jagA hai / vaha dharatI mA~ se apanI paryAya se mukti kA sAdhana pUchatI hai / yahA~ dharatI antazcetanA hai, jo mATI rUpa AtmA samajhAtI huI pratisattA ke pratikUla zAzvata sattA ko udbhAsita - jJAnobuddha karane ke lie kahatI hai aura isake lie sarvaprathama AsthA arthAt samyagdarzana kI prApti kA upadeza detI hai| isake pazcAt hI jJAna samyak hotA hai / isase sAdhaka ke mana meM svarAtIta anahadanAda gU~jatA hai arthAt AtmA svarUpa ko pahacAnatI hai / yahI samyak cAritra hai / isa prakAra vaha samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra ko mukti kA sAdhana batalAtI hai| AcArya umAsvAmI 'mokSazAstra' meM likhate haiM: "samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH / " isa prasaMga meM dharatI rUpI antazcetanA kA udbodhana bar3A hI tattvagarbhita hai / sAdhaka ko gurutama ke jJAna ke lie laghutama bananA hotA hai| satyAvadhAna rUpa AsthA arthAt samyagdarzana ke abhAva meM bodha lupta ho jAtA hai aura kaSAyeMkrodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha- bhar3akane lagatI haiM, ata: AsthA kI dRr3hatA ke lie aticAra, anAcAra, rAga-dveSa evaM kaSAyoM kA tyAga kara tathA damI - yamI banakara utsAha ke sAtha satpatha para calanA hotA hai, tabhI AtmavikAsa sambhava hai| dharatI rUpa antazcetanA ke sambodhana se mATI rUpa AtmA ko prakRti aura puruSa ke sammilana, vikRti aura
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________________ 200 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kaluSa ke saMkulana, karmoM ke saMzleSaNa aura sva-para kAraNoM se vizleSaNa kA rUpa spaSTa ho jAtA hai| yaha tabhI hotA hai jaba AtmA mamatA tathA samatA meM pariNata ho jAtI hai / jaba AtmA ke bhAvoM meM yaha pariNati AtI hai, tabhI vaha guru kI zaraNa meM AtI hai / isa kathAnaka meM guru kumbhakAra hai / vaha sthitaprajJa, avikalpI, hitamitabhASI tathA udAsIna hai, mAna ko mAra cukA hai| vaha mATI rUpa AtmA kI UparI parata haTAtA hai arthAt ajJAna kI prathama parata dUra karatA hai| kumbhakAra miTTI ko sAdhanA mArga rUpa gadahe para lAda kara apanI yogazAlA rUpa dharmasthalI meM lAyA, use viveka rUpa cAlanI se chAnA tathA kaMkar3a rUpa vibhAvoM-rAga-dveSamohAdi ko pRthak kiyA / isa prakAra miTTI rUpa AtmA ko zuddha karake kUpa arthAt Atma gaharAI se jala nikAlane ke lie kumbhakAra rUpa guru ne jyoM hI ulajhana rUpa rassI kI granthiyoM ko kholA to usako aneka kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3A / isake lie prathama svayaM nirgrantha-sama sthiti grahaNa karanI pdd'ii| usane kUpa rUpa svIya antarAtmA se jalarUpa anukampA ko udbhAvita kiyA / isa prakriyA meM usane machalI rUpa eka anya bhavyAtmA ko jala meM rahakara samAdhi rUpa sallekhanA kA sAra samajhAyA / prAta: huA aura kumbhakAra ne miTTI ko sAnA ki kudAlI se vikSatAMga kA~TA pratizodha ke lie udyata huA / miTTI ne use samajhAyA / yahA~ kA~TA ahaMkAra kA pratIka hai aura miTTI kI bodhanavRtti vinaya kI / isa sthiti taka miTTI rUpa sAdhaka meM itanA Atma-vikAsa ho gayA hai ki kumbhakAra rUpa guru ke dvArA sAdhanA ko kaThora karane para vaha guru ke samakSa saMsAra kA svarUpa nirUpita karatA hai / yahA~ para zizira, vasantAnta aura nidAgha RtuoM ke varNana ke miSa sAdhanA kAla ke vividha parISaha AyAmoM kA aMkana kiyA gayA hai / tadanantara varSA Rtu kA bar3A hI sundara varNana hai, kintu adhyAtma pakSa meM jaladhi, candra, badalI, bAdala, rAhu rUpa vibhAvoM tathA utpAtoM aura sUrya, dharatI, bar3avAgni, indradhanuSa tathA pavana rUpa bhAvoM tathA sadAcAra vRttiyoM kA dvandva-yuddha rahasyAtmaka hotA huA bhI atyanta rucikara hai / yaha saba anAsakta guru : aura sAdhaka ke Upara parISaha aura upasargoM kA nirUpaNa hai / aba mATI rUpa AtmA kumbha rUpa prabuddhAvasthA meM pahu~ca cukI hai, ata: vaha udAsIna guru kumbhakAra se kahatA hai : 'mAnyavara ! parISaha-upasargoM ke binA svarga-apavarga kI upalabdhi nahIM hotii|' isase guru samajha gayA ki ziSya meM jJAna vRddhi para hai, ata: usane use agnidhAra arthAt tapomArga para calane ke lie saceta kiyaa| kumbhakA rUpa guru ne kumbha rUpa jJAnonnata AtmA ko tapane ke lie avA banAyA aura usameM lakar3iyA~ cina diiN| yahA~ avA karmAsrava ko rokane tathA bandha ko kholane ke lie saMvara evaM nirjarA kA valaya hai / avA meM prajvalita agnipa hai--'tapasA nirjarA ca'arthAt tapa se nirjarA bhI hotI hai / kumbha bhI agni se tapatA hai, tabhI mAMgalika aura mUlyavAn banatA hai| kumbhakAra rUpa guru jaba avA ko kholatA hai to kumbha rUpa prabaddha AtmA ko paripakva dekhakara prasanna hotA hai| udhara jIvAtmA ko bhI jJAna paripakva ho jAne para Ananda kA anubhava huA aura usane kAmanA kI ki maiM kisI sAdhu ke pAdAbhiSeka kA kAraNa banU~ / kumbha rUpa jIvAtmA ko sAdhana milatA hai / yahA~ para seTha rUpa zrAvaka dvArA kumbhakAra se use grahaNa karane, sAdhu kA seTha ke ghara AhArArtha Ane, vidhipUrvaka AhAra karane, unake cale jAne, kumbha kA sammAna hone, svarNakalaza Adi meM puna: IrSyA jagane aura AtaMkavAdiyoM ko bhar3akAkara unase AkramaNa karAne, seTha ke palAyana karane, punaH nadI meM aneka upasargoM ke Ane tathA anta meM nadI pAra hokara vItarAgI ke caraNoM kA kalaza-jala se abhiSeka karane taka kI kathA pUrvAnusAra bhAva-vibhAvoM ke ghAta-pratighAta aura upasarga evaM parISahoM ke utpAta kI kathA hai| yahI sthiti hai jaba mATI rUpa pariSkRta AtmA pakva kumbha rUpa mahAn jJAnI ke rUpa ko prApta kara letI hai aura puna: vItarAgI ke caraNoM meM samarpita
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 201 hokara mukta ho jAtI hai| isa rUpaka meM samAjavAda aura AtaMkavAda kA varNana Adhunika prabhAva ko vyakta karatA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra mukti kA mArga samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra hai / samyagdarzana se tAtparya jIvAdi tattvoM ke samyak zraddhAna se hai| tadanantara hI parokSa aura pratyakSa jJAnoM meM samIcInatA AtI hai aura tabhI AtmA sva-para kA bheda jAnakara Atma-guNoM meM ramaNa karatA hai| ___ isa prakAra samUce kAvya meM rUpaka isa prakAra grathita hai ki jisa prakAra muktAmAlA meM sUtra / kathA kA vistAra antima khaNDa meM kucha lambAyamAn-sA bhAsita hotA hai, parantu vaha bhAsanA mAtra hai, vAstava meM nahIM, kyoMki kathA meM kavi Atma-vikAsa kI prakriyA meM bhAva-vibhAvoM meM Ane vAle sabhI pakSoM ko samAhita karanA cAhatA hai aura vaha aisI zailI meM, jisameM na pravAha manda par3e aura na aprAsaMgikatA aae| vAstava meM samasta kAvya meM kathA ke mAdhyama se mumukSu AtmA ke vikAsa kI caudaha sthitiyoM kA aMkana hai, jinheM jaina darzana meM 'guNasthAna' kahate haiN| samyak zraddhAna ke sAtha hI samyak dRSTi kA udbhava hotA hai, jisase mithyA bhAvoM kI tIna sthitiyA~-1pUrNa mithyAtva, 2-samyak dRSTi saMskAra samanvita mithyAtva (sAsAdana) tathA 3- mithyAbhAva mizrita samyagbhAva (samyagmithyAtva)kI jhalaka- naSTa ho jAtI haiM aura AtmA anantAnubandhI krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha ko samApta kara hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, maithuna aura parigraha rUpa pApoM se virata hone kI bhAvanA karane lagatI hai| yaha cauthI sthiti hai aviratasamyagdRSTi / puna: apratyAkhyAnAvaraNIya krodhAdi kaSAyoM kA udaya vinAza kara pA~cavIM sthiti (saMyamAsaMyama) ko grahaNa karatI hai aura vaha uparyukta pApoM se alpa rUpa meM virata hokara ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya evaM aparigraha vratoM kA ekadeza rUpa meM pAlana karane lagatI hai| yaha zrAvaka kI sthiti hai| chaThI zreNI (pramattavirata) se aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM se yukta sAdhu-caryA Arambha hotI hai jo pratyAkhyAnAvaraNIya kaSAyoM kA udaya-samApta karane se upalabdha hotI hai / isameM vaha ahiMsA Adi pA~ca vratoM kA pUrNata: pAlana to karatA hai parantu pramAda kI sthiti rahatI hai| sAtavIM zreNI (apramatta virata) meM saMjvalana krodha Adi nyUna ho jAte haiM, jisase usameM pramAda kA abhAva ho jAtA hai, samanvaya aura sAmaMjasya kI bhAvanA udgata ho jAtI hai, jisase sabhI mitravat dRSTigocara hote haiM, koI zatru nhiiN| AThaveM (apUrvakaraNa) meM pahu~cate hI bhASA vigalita ho jAtI hai, jisase RjutA A jAtI hai, chala-kapaTa aura dambha ke bhAva palAyita ho jAte haiN| agrima do sthitiyA~ (anivRttikaraNa tathA sUkSma sAMparAya) ye do aisI sthitiyA~ haiM, jinameM saMjvalana kaSAyeM Adi kramaza: upazamita yA kSapita hotI jAtI haiN| gyArahavIM sthiti vAlA (upazAnta moha) punaH nIce kI sthitiyoM kI ora mur3atA hai parantu bArahavIM vAlA (kSINa moha) kaSAyoM ke pUrNata: naSTa ho jAne se vItarAgI ho jAtA hai aura puna: ghAtaka karmoM-jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura antarAya ko naSTa kara aTThAraha doSoM se rahita arihanta pada kI terahavIM sthiti (sayogakevalI) ko prApta kara letA hai / anta meM antima zukladhyAna meM lIna caudahavIM sthiti (ayogakevalI dazA) meM Ayukarma ke sAtha nAma, gotra aura vedanIya karmoM kA vinAza kara saMsAra se mukta ho jAtA isa AtmavikAsa kI prakriyA meM saMvara aura nirjarA ke sAdhanoM kA upayoga karanA par3atA hai arthAt pA~ca samiti, tIna gupti, daza dharma, bAraha bhAvanAe~, bAIsa parISahoM para vijaya, pA~ca cAritra aura tapa Adi ke dvArA zubhAzubha karmoM kA AnA roka kara AtmapradezoM se ba~dhe hue pUrva karmoM kA vinAza karanA par3atA hai, tabhI AtmA karmoM se mukta ho 'mukta' kahalAtI hai| ___ isa kathA meM mATI rUpa AtmA ke pUrNa vikAsa meM jaina adhyAtma kI yaha sampUrNa prakriyA ramI huI hai / isa vikAsa meM aneka bAdhAe~ AtI haiM tathA parISaha aura upasargoM ko sahanA par3atA hai| vaha saba kucha prathama mATI rUpa aura puna: kumbha
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________________ 202 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA rUpa jIvAtmA ke sAtha tathA usake uddhAraka kumbhakAra rUpa guru ke sAtha ghaTita huA hai| parantu ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa rUpa dharma ko pAlana karate hue unhoMne una para vijaya prApta kI hai| kavi ne kAvya meM sthAna-sthAna para vibhinna pAtroM ke mAdhyama se uparyukta adhyAtma viSayoM ko itanI AlaMkArika kalita zabdAvali meM aMkita kiyA hai ki kAvya sauSThava ke mizraNa se ve rucikara aura supAcya ho gae haiN| vAstava meM adhyAtmayogI santakavi kI mAnoM yaha apanI hI gAthA hai, tabhI kAvya kA pravAha vakra yA khaNDita na ho, sahaja aura ajana bahA hai| kAvya saundarya : aneka AcAryoM ne kAvya kI vibhinna paribhASAe~ kI haiM, yathA-rasamaya vAkya kAvya hotA hai, dhvanivat vAkya kAvya hotA hai yA aise zabdArtha kAvya hote haiM, jo doSamukta hoM, guNayukta hoM tathA prAyaH sAlaMkAra hoM, ityAdi / isa kAvya meM guNavattA bhI hai, nirdoSatA bhI; rasavattA bhI hai aura alaMkAra bhI / vyaMjanA saundarya to samasta kAvya meM svayaM hI mukhara hai / isa kAvya saundarya kA hama atyanta saMkSepa meM digdarzana karAte haiM, kyoMki isa vizAla kAvya meM itane udAharaNa vidyamAna haiM ki yadi vistAra se likhA jAya to vaha svayaM eka grantha bana jaaygaa| isameM prasAda guNa to sarvatra hI vyApta hai| mAdhurya aura oja kI kucha paMktiyA~ yahA~ ullikhita haiN| nimna paMktiyoM meM mAdhurya kI mukharatA draSTavya hai : "prakRti ke sAtha/malina mana, kalila tana/bAta karatA vAta hai / kala-komala-kAyAlI/latA-latikAyeM ye, zizira-chuvana se pIlI par3atI-sI/pUrI jala-jAta haiN|" (pR. 90) rAhu-svIkRti hetu sAgara se niryAta ratnoM kI chaTA aura unake varNana meM mRdulatA aura madhuratA nisargata: sAkAra ho gaI haiM : "aisI ha~satI dhavalima ha~siyA~/manahara hIraka maulika-maNiyA~ muktA-mUMgA-mANika-chaviyA~/pukharAjoM kI pIlima paTiyA~ rAjAoM meM rAga ubharatA/nIlama ke naga rajatima char3iyA~ / " (pR. 236) isI prakAra aneka sthAnoM para vIra, bhayAnaka aura bIbhatsa prasaMgoM meM oja kA aMkana bhI uddAma rUpa meM bikharA par3A hai / gar3agar3Ate bAdaloM ke nabhamaNDala meM Agamana kA eka dRzya darzanIya hai : "kaThora karkaza karNa-kaTu/zabdoM kI mAra suna/dazoM-dizAyeM badhira ho gaIM, nabha-maNDala nisteja huA/phaile bAdala-daloM meM DUba-sA gayA avagAha-pradAtA avagAhita-sA ho gayA !" (pR. 232) guNoM ke sAtha-sAtha kAvya meM adoSatA bhI saundarya kI hetu hotI hai / isa kAvya meM mukta chanda kA vyavahAra huA hai kintu Adhunika kAvya ke viparIta isameM kahIM bhI svara, tAla aura laya kA abhAva nahIM hai / sarvatra kAvya guNoM kI sampreSaNIyatA vidyamAna hai / chanda meM gati hai, pravAha hai aura hai masRNatA / sabhI rasoM, RtuoM aura prAkRtika dRzyoM ke varNana tathA yahA~ taka ki kathAnaka meM adhyAtma ke saMzleSaNa meM doSa dRSTigocara nahIM hote / isakA eka kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki chandobaddha kAvya meM aneka doSa svayaM hI sira ubhArane lagate haiM, jaise- zabdAlaMkAra ke doSa, chando-bhaMga ke doSa Adi / parantu yaha mukta-chanda mahAkAvya hone ke kAraNa ina doSoM se mukta hai| vyAkaraNa doSa isalie nahIM hai kyoMki kavi
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 203 kA bhASA para aisA adhikAra hai jaisA ki catura vaidya kA nAr3I para yA kuzala khilAr3I kA anAr3I para / hA~, eka sthAna para candra ko dharatI se dUra aura bhAnu ko nikaTa kahA hai, jo vaijJAnika khojoM ke pratikUla hai / sambhavata: yaha jainAgAmoM ke anusAra varNita hai| ____ vistAra bhaya se hama yahA~ rasoM ke udAharaNa nahIM de rahe haiN| uparyukta padyoM se zRMgAra, vIra aura bhayAnaka rasoM kA kucha AbhAsa hameM mila rahA hai| sabhI rasoM ke citraNa-darzana hetu dvitIya khaNDa paThanIya hai| hA~, kavi kI jJAnagarimA, zabdoM kI pakar3a, vyaMjanA zakti tathA sahaja abhivyaktIkaraNa kI kSamatA aura ramaNIyatA pradarzita karane ke lie eka prasaMga kI katipaya paMktiyoM ko uddhRta karane kA lobha hama saMvRta nahIM kara skte| grISma kI tapana se padArthoM ke vinAza kA prasaMga hai : 0 "nIla nIra kI jhIla/nAlI - nadiyA~ ye/ananta salilA bhI anta:salilA ho/anta-salilA huI haiN|" (pR. 178) 0 "haritA harI vaha kisase ?/hari kI haritA phira/kisa kAma kI rahI ? lacakatI latikA kI mRdutA/pakva phaloM kI madhutA/kidhara gaIM saba ye ?" (pR. 179) "vaha rAga kahA~, parAga kahA~/cetanA kI vaha jAga kahA~ ? vaha mahaka nahIM, vaha cahaka nahIM,/vaha grAhya nahIM, vaha gahaka nahIM, vaha 'vi' kahA~, yaha kavi kahA~,/maMju-kiraNadhara vaha ravi kahA~ ? vaha aMga kahA~, vaha raMga kahA~/anaMga kA vaha vyaMga kahA~ ? vaha hAva nahIM, vaha bhAva nahIM,/cetanA kI chavi-chA~va nahIM, yahA~ cala rahI hai kevala/tapana "tapana' "tapana !" (pR. 179-180) kavi ne isa samasta kAvya meM zabdoM kA gumphana maNi-kAMcana-khacana kI bhA~ti kiyA hai / aneka rekhAcitra, tailacitra aura bhitticitra svayaM hI ubhara kara svaccha niSkalaMka paridhAna meM khar3e se dRSTigocara hote haiN| aneka sthaloM para to aise manohArI prasaMga aura zabdoM ke sAtha aisI aThakheliyA~ haiM ki mana karatA hai ki kavi kA hAtha cUma liyA jAya, mastaka isalie nahIM kyoMki vaha santa hone se pUjyapAda haiM / anulomArtha zabdoM kA vyavahAra to niSNAta kavi kuzalatApUrvaka karatA hI hai, kintu yahA~ to zabdoM ke vilomArtha bhI itane saTIka haiM ki hRdaya hillolita ho jAtA hai, yathA-dayA-yAda, rAhI-hIrA, rAkha-kharA, nadI-dIna, mAna-namA (namra) Adi / inake atirikta kucha zabdoM kI vyutpatti isa prakAra kI gaI hai yA phira tor3a kara aise bhAva vyakta kie gae haiM ki mana camatkRta hotA hai, jaise- kumbhakAra- ku-pRthvI+bha=bhAgya+kAra=vidhAtA; gadahA- gada =pApa+hA hantA; kRpANakRpA+Na (na); maiM do galA-maiM+dogalA, maiM galA do; nArI- na+arI (ari) arthAt jisakA koI ari yAni zatru na ho yA jo kisI kI ari na hoH mahilA maMgalamayaH abalA-avajJAnajyoti+lA lAnevAlI athavA ana+balAH strIs=sahita+trI (tri) tIna puruSArthoM --dharma, artha aura kAma se sahita; mAtA=pramAtA hone se; sutA--su=acchAI +tA=bhAva ityAdi strI paryAyavAcI zabdoM kI ina vyutpattiyoM se mAtR jAti ke lie Adara bhAva bhI vyakta kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra kucha aMkoM se bhI loka pracalita bhAvoM ko prakaTa kiyA gayA hai, yathA--99 se saMsAra-cakra, 63 se sAmaMjasya aura 36 se vaimanasya aadi| isameM aneka jaina aura bauddha mantra vAkyoM kA ullekha bhI prasaGgavaza isa prakAra huA hai ki ve balAt, thope-se
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________________ 204 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA pratIta nahIM hote, jaise NamokAra mantra, 'khammAmi khamaMtu me, 'dhammaM saraNaM gacchAmi, dhammo dayAvisuddho'Adi / Adhunika kAla para vyaMgya kasate hue 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' vAkya ko 'vasu eva kuTumbakam' kahA gayA hai / lokokti aura muhAvaroM kA prayoga alaMkRta bhASA meM sahaja hI hotA hai / isa kAvya meM bhI inakA vyavahAra atyanta manohArI rUpa meM huA hai| mukha para tAlA par3anA, nAr3I DhIlI par3anA, bela kar3avI aura nIma car3hI, bhIti binA prIti nahIM, kSIra-nIra-viveka, gAgara meM sAgara, bina mA~ge motI mileM-mA~ge mile na bhIkha, talavAra ke abhAva meM myAna kA mUlya hI kyA evaM pUta kA lakSaNa pAlane meM--Adi aneka lokokti evaM muhAvaroM ne isa kAvya meM cAra cA~da lagA die haiN| samUce kAvya meM alaMkAra to itane bhare par3e haiM ki lagatA hai mAnoM muktA-maNi-mANikya Adi ratnajaTita svarNarajata ke alaMkAroM se susajjita koI sarvAGga sundara puruSa hI apane kAnta kalevara kI chaTA chiTakA rahA hai| sthAna-sthAna para prasaMgavaza pAtroM ke mAdhyama se dharma ke aMgoM, jIvanAdarzoM tathA nIti vAkyoM ko vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai aura yaha saba kavi ke hRdaya se sahaja prasphuTita-sA jAna par3atA hai / isameM jyotiSa, haThayoga tathA gaNita ko bhI yathAsthAna isa prakAra samAviSTa kiyA hai ki ve bhI aGgAvayava se hI pratIta hote haiN| .
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________________ bhAratIya saMskRti evaM sAhitya kA vizvakoza : 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya DaoN. umeza prasAda siMha 'zAstrI' 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ko AdyopAnta par3hane ke bAda samIkSAtmaka dRSTi se kucha niSkarSa nikAle jA sakate haiN| isake cAra khaNDa haiM- prathama khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha; dvitIya khaNDa 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM; tRtIya khaNDa 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa- prakSAlana' evaM caturtha khaNDa 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha / ' mATI jaisI akiMcana, padadalita aura tuccha vastu ko mahAkAvya kA viSaya banAne kI kalpanA hI nitAnta vilakSaNa hai| 'mUkamATI' ke 'prastavana' lekhaka zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ke anusAra : "mATI kI tucchatA meM carama bhavyatA ke darzana karake usakI vizuddhatA ke upakrama mukti kI maMgala yAtrA ke rUpaka meM DhAlanA kavitA ko adhyAtma ke sAtha a-bheda kI sthiti meM pahu~cAnA hai|" isa pariprekSya meM yaha kahanA bhI samIcIna pratIta hotA hai : " 'mUkamATI' mAtra kavi-karma nahIM hai, yaha eka dArzanika santa kI AtmA kA saMgIta hai / " AcAryazrI ne tapaH- sAdhanA se arjita jIvana darzana ke anubhUtiparaka sandeza ko racA-pacA kara sabake hRdaya meM sampreSita kara dene kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| 'mUkamATI' ko mahAkAvya kI dRSTi se dekhane para aisA kahanA ucita hai ki yaha eka kAvya hai, mahAkAvya nahIM / mahAkAvya ke jo lakSaNa zAstroM meM nirdhArita haiM, ve sabhI lakSaNa isameM pUrNarUpeNa ghaTita nahIM hote / mahAkAvya ke nirdhArita lakSaNa ke anusAra isameM ATha sarga nahIM haiN| isameM kula cAra khaNDa hI vinyasta haiN| isameM eka AdyopAnta calane vAlI kathA nahIM hai| isameM zRMgAra, vIra yA karuNA se itara rasa kA paripAka huA hai| isake nAyaka yA nAyikA dhIrodAtta caritra ke nahIM haiM, ityAdi / hA~, ise khaNDakAvya kI zreNI meM avazya parigaNita kiyA jA sakatA hai| meghadUta bhI eka khaNDakAvya hai jisameM kavipuMgava kAlidAsa ne na kevala apanI kAvya pratibhA kA apitu apanI sArI anubhUtiyoM evaM pravRttiyoM kA kalAtmaka DhaMga se sundara saMyojana kiyA hai aura eka kAlajayI kRti kI racanA kara dI hai| meghadUta ko kevala eka kAvya kahanA mAtra usake eka pakSa ko dekhanA hai / ise to vizvakoza kahanA cAhie kyoMki isameM vividha zAstraparaka, yathA- - bhUgola, itihAsa, samAjazAstra, padArtha vijJAna, jIvana vijJAna evaM sabase bar3hakara nItijJAna kA catura sthApana huA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki kisI praur3ha samIkSaka ne kahA thA- 'mAghe meghe gataM vaya:' arthAt saMskRta ke prasiddha mahAkavi mAgha evaM prasiddha kAvyakRti meghadUta ko ThIka se par3hane meM manuSya kI umra hI bIta jA sakatI hai| yaha isakI agAdhatA, AdhyAtmikatA evaM zAstrajJatA kAhI saMketa hai / agara samakAlIna kAvya 'urvazI' ko dhyAnagata kiyA jAe to 'urvazI' meM dinakarajI ne bhAratIya upAkhyAna ke AdhAra para 'urvazI' ke mAdhyama se bhAratIya saMskRti ko ujAgara kiyA hai / kavizreSTha dinakara ne mAnava samAja ko kucha sandeza preSita kie haiN| isa sandarbha meM 'urvazI' ' mUkamATI' se sAmya rakhatI hai| jisa rUpa se 'urvazI' ko mahAkAvya kI zreNI meM rakhA jAtA hai, usa rUpa se 'mUkamATI' ko bhI mahAkAvya ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jA sakatA hai| jo ho, mahAkavi AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI dvArA racita 'mUkamATI' eka kAlajayI racanA hai jisameM pratIka rUpa meM AdhyAtmika, zAzvata sandeza bhare par3e haiN| isa pariprekSya meM yaha bhI eka vizvakoza hI hai jisameM aneka zAstroM evaM upAkhyAnoM ke sandeza saMzliSTa hokara piroe gae haiN| yaha mahAkavi vidyAsAgarajI kI upalabdhi hai evaM sArasvata saphalatA bhI / Alocya pustaka 'mUkamATI' meM vinyasta 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' zAzvata prakRti kA upazIrSaka hai jisake adholikhita aMza ullekhanIya haiM : "ziSToM kA utpAdana - pAlana ho / duSToM kA utpAtana - gAlana ho, m
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________________ : mUkamATI-mImAMsA 206 :: O O saMpadA kI saphalatA vaha/ sadupayogitA meM hai nA !" (pR. 235) " apane hoM yA parAye, / bhUkhe-pyAse baccoM ko dekha mA~ ke hRdaya meM dUdha ruka nahIM sktaa|" (pR. 201 ) "nayA maMgala nayA sUraja / nayA jaMgala to nayI bhU-raja nayI miti to nayI mati/ nayI citi to nayI yati nayI dazA to nayI dizA / nahIM mRSA to nayI yazA / " (pR. 263 ) satkarmoM kA cunAva hI jIvana kI sArthakatA ke mArga meM mIla kA patthara hai / 'mUkamATI' par3hane para isakI anubhUti svataH sphUrta ho jAtI hai| isI samaya bhAratIya manISA ke usa zAzvata sandeza kA smaraNa ho jAtA hai jo kisI manISI ke dvArA abhihita huA thA : " dhanAni jIvitaM caiva, parArthe prAjJa utsRjet / sannimitte varaM tyAgo, vinAze niyate sati // " arthAt bhautika dhana aura zarIra rUpI dhana donoM nazvara haiM / ataH satkAryoM meM saMlagna kyoM nahIM karake isakI sArthakatA sthApita kareM / 'mATI' apane ko loka maMgala meM hI samarpita kara dene meM apanI saphalatA evaM sArthakatA samajhatI hai / niHsandeha sAdhaka AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kArayitrI evaM bhAvayitrI pratibhA ke dhanI haiM jinakI tUlikA se aise zAzvata sAhitya kA sRjana sambhava ho sakA hai jo satya, ziva aura maMgaladAyaka hai| niHsandeha 'mUkamATI' kavi kI sAdhanA kA anyatama nidarzana hai | 'mUkamATI' kAvyotkarSoM kI dRSTi se viziSTa evaM mahanIya hai / AcAryazrI ne 'raso vai sa:' kA pratipAdana talkhI se kiyA hai| saMkSepataH evaM sArAMzataH 'mUkamATI' meM gaveSaNA kendrita prastuti dvArA prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti evaM sAhitya ke nItiparaka tathyoM kA satarka upasthApana huA hai| isameM pANDitya ke prakarSa ke sAtha vivecanapaTutA kA bhI zlAghya samanvaya hai| saca hai kRti kI sArthakatA yaha hai ki vaha naI dizAoM kI ora saMketa kare / isa dRSTi se maiM vivecya pustaka kA svAgata karatA hU~ aura sArasvata upalabdhi ke lie AcAryazrI ko namana bhI / yaha vidvatsamAja meM pUrNarUpeNa samAdRta hogI, aisA vizvAsa hai / pR. 313 lo, pUjana-kArya se nivRtta ho nIce AyA seTha prAMgaNa meM aura vaha bhI mATI kA maMgala-kummale khar3A ho gayA !
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________________ santa kAvya-paramparA kI advitIya prastuti : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. nAgezvara siMha bhAratIya sAhitya ke antargata santakAvya kI eka sudIrgha aura avicchinna paramparA rahI hai / apanI racanAoM ke mAdhyama se santa-manISiyoM ne sAMsArika paridRzyoM ke avalokana ke pazcAt apanI hRdayagata bhAvanAoM kA abhivyaMjana kiyA hai| saMsAra aura sAMsArika vastuoM ke prati santoM kA dRSTikoNa sAmAnya mAnava se bhinna prakAra kA aura bilkula hI alaga-thalaga hai / unhoMne jIvana aura jagat kI nissAratA tathA usake bhramayukta cakroM ko acchI taraha se jAnA hai, parakhA hai| bAhara se yaha saMsAra jitanA sammohaka dIkha par3atA hai, usakA antarmana kA ghaTa utanA hI rItA aura nIrasatA kI pratIti karAnevAlA hai / apanI jJAna garimA ke kAraNa santa sAmAjika pariveza ke madhya saMpUjya aura AdaraNIya haiN| sAMsArika mAyA-moha ke pAza ko tor3akara jIvana ko nae mArga para le jAne kI aparimita zaktiyA~ unameM nihita haiM / unake dvArA nirdezita panthoM se jagat kalyANa sambhava hai / ajJAnI saMsAra ko ve jJAnI banAne meM samartha haiM / AdhyAtmika jagat meM abhigamana karane ke pazcAt hI saMsAra ke samagra duHkhoM aura klezoM se mukta huA jA sakatA hai| santa kAvya-paramparA kI advitIya prastuti 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya AcArya kavi santaziromaNi siddhayogI zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI eka anUThI kAvya kRti hai / isa mahAkAvya meM AcArya kavi ne mATI (miTTI) jaisI dabI-kucalI aura nirantara pairoM tale rauMdI jAtI huI nirIha - tuccha vastu ko apane kAvya kA varNya viSaya banAyA hai / kavi kI sArI manobhAvanAe~ isI bindu para vyakta ho jAtI haiM, jahA~ usane mATI kI tucchatA ko carama bhavyatA pradAna karane kA sArthaka prayAsa kiyA hai| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI mAtra kavi hI nahIM, eka tape tapAe santa bhI haiM / kavi kI adamya sAdhanA kI abhivyakti ukta mahAkAvya meM dRSTigata hotI hai / - saMskRta ke AcAryoM aura vidvAnoM ne mahAkAvya kI paribhASA nizcita karate hue likhA hai ki mahAkAvya ke lie kama-se-kama ATha sargoM athavA khaNDoM kA honA Avazyaka hai / parantu, prastuta grantha ukta paribhASA kI parakha para kharA nahIM utaratA, kyoMki yaha mAtra cAra khaNDoM meM hI vibhakta hai| phira bhI, yaha pA~ca sau pRSThoM kA eka mahanIya kAvya grantha hai, jo parimANa kI dRSTi se mahAkAvya kA sparza karatA hai / parantu, isameM eka abhAva khaTakatA hai, vaha yaha ki kAvya grantha Arambhika paMktiyoM ke mAdhyama se Iza vandanA yA guru vandanA kI prastuti nahIM hai| hAlA~ki grantha ke prathama pRSTha para aMkita paMktiyA~ prAkRtika dRzya kI upasthiti meM apanI sAmarthya kI abhivyakti karatI haiM : " sImAtIta zUnya meM / nIlimA bichAI, aura idhara nIce / nirI nIravatA chAI / " (pR. 1) isake bAda kI paMktiyA~ bhI prAkRtika dRzya ke saundarya ko ukerane meM pUrI taraha se samartha dIkha par3atI haiM / jainAcAryoM dvArA jaina sAhitya kI prastuti adhikAMzata: saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza bhASAoM meM huI hai| hindI meM bhI yaha paramparA jIvita hai / usI paramparA ke antargata 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA praNayana kiyA gayA hai / prastuta grantha adhyAtmavAdI aura dArzanika cetanA se samanvita hai / isameM mATI jaisI akiMcana, nirIha, pada dalita vastu mahAkAvya kI viSaya vastu banAkara usakI karuNa vedanA ko mukhara abhivyakti pradAna kI gayI hai / isameM dharma, darzana aura adhyAtma ke durUha zabdoM ko mukta chandoM ke mAdhyama se subodha, sugama banAne kA zlAghya prayatna kiyA gayA hai| prastuta mahAkAvya rUpaka kAvya kA anUThA udAharaNa hai| isI viziSTatA ke kAraNa aisI pratIti hotI hai ki mATI AtmA kI pratIka hai| mATI jaisI
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________________ 208 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA tuccha vastu yuga-yuga se bhavabhramita hokara apane uddhAra kA mArga khoja rahI hai / kintu samyak jJAnAbhAva ke kAraNa vaha bhaTakana kI niyati ko bhogane ko abhizapta hai / saMsAra kA pratyeka prANI sukha-zAnti kI khoja meM digbhramita hai / sampUrNa mAnava jAti AtaMkavAda ke sAe meM ghuTa-ghuTakara jI rahI hai| use isa ghuTana se mukti ke lie ahiMsA kA mArga apanAnA hogA, tabhI AtaMkavAda kA anta aura anantavAda kA zrIgaNeza hogaa| 'mUkamATI' kisI varga, jAti, sampradAya, dharma, saMskRti evaM samAja ko ujAgara karane vAlA mahAkAvya nahIM hai, apitu sampUrNa mAnava jAti ko utkarSa ke zikhara para pahu~cAne vAlA mahAkAvya hai| mUka mATI mahAkAvya kI nAyikA hai jise anantakAla se kumbhakAra kI pratIkSA hai, kyoMki vaha use maMgala ghaTa kA svarUpa pradAna karegA / mATI kI vedanA ko usI ke zrImukha se AcAryavara ne abhivyaMjita karavAyA hai : "svayaM patitA hU~/aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se, "adhama pApiyoM se/pada-dalitA hU~ mA~ !" (pR. 5) ___ Age kavivara ne mATI kI avyakta pIr3A ko anubhUta karate hue usakI pIr3A-vedanA ko abhivyakti pradAna karate hue puna: kahalavAyA hai: "isa paryAya kI/iti kaba hogI ?/isa kAyA kI/cyuti kaba hogI ? batA do, mA~''ise !/"kucha upAya karo mA~ !/khuda apAya haro mA~ ! aura suno,/vilamba mata karo/pada do, patha do/pAtheya bhI do mA~ !" (pR. 5) uparyukta paMktiyoM se pUrva kI bIsa-tIsa paMktiyoM meM AcAryavara ne mATI kI vedanA-vyathA kI itanI tIvra, pragAr3ha evaM mArmika abhivyakti pradAna kI hai ki yaha eka karuNa gAthA-sI pratIta hotI hai / mA~-beTI vArtAlApa ko kavi ne nadI kI dhArA sadRza acAnaka nayA mor3a dete hue apanI dArzanikatA kA abhivyaMjana kiyA hai / isa kAvya grantha meM kavi ke dvArA pratipAdita pratyeka tathya, tattva darzana kI sArthakatA se sampRkta hai| ___mahAkAvya ke lie nAyaka-nAyikA kA honA bhI Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai / isameM prAkRtika pariveza to hai, varNana kautUhalatA bhI hai, parantu eka prazna jo bahuta dera taka spaSTa nahIM ho pAtA hai, vaha hai-isa mahAkAvya kA nAyaka kauna hai ? sIdhe taura para isa samasyA kA samAdhAna nahIM ho pAtA hai / mATI to nAyikA rUpa meM apanI sArthakatA siddha kara pAne meM samartha ho jAtI hai parantu nAyaka kA svarUpa dera taka spaSTa nahIM ho paataa| kumbhakAra ko nAyaka mAnA jA sakatA hai / parantu nAyaka-nAyikA ke madhya ghaTita hone vAle romAMsa kA abhAva khaTakatA hai / yahA~ romAMsa kI sthiti vidyamAna nahIM hai| aura yadi hai bhI to mATI rUpI nAyikA ko kumbhakAra ke dvArA pariSkRta, parizodhita hone ke lie yuga-yuga taka iMtaz2Ara karanA par3A hai ki kaba kumbhakAra usake samakSa upasthita hokara use isa saMkramaNa kI dazA se ubArate hue sundara ghaTa ke rUpa meM parivartita karegA? mATI kI mUka vedanA, usakI karuNa pukAra eka sAdhaka-sahRdaya kavi hI zravaNa kara sakatA hai, sAdhAraNa kavi hRdaya nahIM / kavi ne mATI kI mahAn mahimA ko udghATita kiyA hai / uparyukta Aloka meM yaha nAmakaraNa apane Apa meM anupama aura anUThA hai| prastuta kAvya meM sAmayika sthiti, rAjanIti, samAja aura dharma kA yathArtha citraNa huA hai / isa rUpa meM yaha grantha tatkAlIna samAja, rAjanIti aura dharma kA darpaNa bana gayA hai| prastuta mahAkAvya mATI kI usa prAthamika dazA ke parizodhana kI prakriyA ko abhivyakti pradAna karatA hai jahA~
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 209 mATI piNDa rUpa meM kaMkara - kaNoM se mizritAvasthA meM hai| kumbhakAra kI kalpanA meM mATI kA maMgala ghaTa avatarita huA hai| vaha mATI ko sundara ghar3e kA rUpa pradAna kara use sArthakatA pradAna karanA cAhatA hai / isa sArthakatA ke nimitta mATI ko parizodhita karane kI AvazyakatA hai| mATI ko parizodhita kie jAne aura usase kaMkaroM ko alaga kie jAne para use vyathA hotI hai / zilpI ke mukha se AcAryavara ne kahalavAyA hai ki mATI ke saMkaradoSa ko dUra karane ke lie hI kaMkara - koSa alaga kiyA jA rahA hai / yadyapi donoM meM samAnatA hai / isa kathana ke samarthana meM kavi ne nIra-kSIra ke milana kA udAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai: "nIra jAti nyArI hai / kSIra kI jAti nyArI, kSIra meM nIra milAte ho / nIra kSIra bana jAtA hai / ... gAya kA kSIra bhI dhavala hai / Aka kA kSIra bhI dhavala haiM donoM Upara se vimala haiM/ parantu / paraspara unheM milAte hI vikAra utpanna hotA hai-/ kSIra phaTa jAtA hai/ pIra bana jAtA hai vaha ! nIra kA kSIra bananA hI / varNa-lAbha hai, / varadAna hai / aura / kSIra kA phaTa jAnA hI / varNa-saMkara hai/ abhizApa hai|" (pR. 48-49) isa prakAra zilpI kaMkaroM ko samajhAtA hai ki mATI se tumhArA milana avazya huA hai, kintu usane tumheM AtmasAt nahIM kiyA / jala ke samparka se tuma bhIgate to ho, para phUlate nahIM / tuma hRdayazUnya ho, dUsaroM ke duHkha-darda dekhakara bhI tumheM pasInA nahIM aataa| tuma to pASANa hRdaya ho / ata: tumhArA mATI se vilagAva Avazyaka hai| kaMkaroM kI isa dazA-dizA para mATI ko dayA AtI hai aura vaha kaMkaroM ko saMyama ke mArga para calane kI salAha detI huI kahatI hai| : " rAhI bananA ho to / hIrA bananA hai / " (pR. 57 ) puna: mATI kahatI hai : "kharA zabda bhI svayaM /" vilomarUpa se kaha rahA hairAkha bane binA / kharA- darzana kahA~ ?" (pR. 57 ) dvitIya khaNDa kA Arambha kumbhakAra ke dvArA miTTI meM mAtrAnukUla jala ke milAne se hotA hai: "lo, aba zilpI / kuMkuma - sama mRdu mATI meM mAtrAnukUla milAtA hai/ chanA nirmala-jala | nUtana prANa phU~ka rahA hai/mATI ke jIvana meM / " (pR. 89) mATI ke phUlane ke pazcAt mATI ko khodane kI prakriyA meM kumbhakAra kI kudAlI eka kA~Te ke mAthe para jA lagatI hai / usakA sira phaTa jAtA hai / vaha badalA lene kI socatA hai / kumbhakAra ko apanI asAvadhAnI para pazcAttApa hotA hai / tatkSaNa vaha "khammAmi, khamaMtu me - / kSamA karatA hU~ sabako, / kSamA cAhatA hU~ sabase " (pR. 105) kahakara kSamA-yAcanA karatA hai / tatpazcAt, kumbhakAra pUre manoyoga se kumbhoM kA nirmANa karatA hai aura unheM sUkhane hetu dhUpa meM rakha detA hai /
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________________ 210 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kavi ne batAyA hai ki vasanta ke vaibhava kA varNana karate hue usake vidA hone kI prakriyA kA vizada varNana kiyA hai aura kahA hai : "jisane janana ko pAyA hai/use maraNa ko pAnA hai yaha akATya niyama hai !" (pR. 181) yahA~ kavivara ne bhUloka ke cira-paricita niyama nazvaratA kA udghoSa vasanta kI vidAI ke mAdhyama se kiyA hai| isI dvitIya khaNDa meM santa kavi ne vibhinna sAhityika bodhoM kA darzana karAyA hai| mahAkavi ne nava rasoM kI vivecanA, saMgIta kI antaraMga prakRti kA pratipAdana bar3e hI sahaja evaM svAbhAvika rUpa meM kiyA hai| nava rasoM meM zRMgAra kI nitAnta maulika vyAkhyA prastuta kI gaI hai| RtuoM ke varNana meM kAvya kA camatkAra pAThakoM ko AkarSita karatA hai / tattva darzana se to pUrA-kA-pUrA khaNDa bharA par3A hai| tIsare khaNDa 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' kA Arambha jala-pralaya ke saMketa se hotA hai / jala vasudhA ko zItalatA pradAna karane kA lobha dekara usake vaibhava ko bahA-bahAkara le jAtA hai / isa prakriyA ke dvArA vaha apanA ratnAkara nAma sArthaka karatA hai| yaha usake (jala) jar3abuddhi hone kI pratIti hai / para dharatI ne sArI vipadAoM ko sahakara asIma dhairya aura kSamAzIlatA kA hI paricaya diyA hai| isakI puSTi AcAryavara ne "sarva-sahA honA hI/sarvasva ko pAnA hai jIvana meM" (pR. 190) kahakara kI hai| pRthvI ke sAtha ho rahe anyAya ko sUryadeva sahana nahIM kara pAte / unakI sahanazakti unakA sAtha chor3a detI hai to ve apanI prakhara kiraNoM ko tApa se jala ko sukhAte haiM, parantu jala puna: vASpa banakara bAdala meM parivartita hotA hai aura bAra-bAra bahAkara dharatI ko satAtA hai / itane ke bAvajUda sUryadeva apanA karma tallInatApUrvaka niSpAdita karate haiM, parantu candramA apane patha se vicalita ho jAtA hai| isI kAraNa use kalaMka kA bhAgI bhI bananA par3atA hai| dharatI kI kIrti kA utkarSa dekhakara sAgara jala-bhuna jAtA hai aura puna: vaha apanI kSudrabuddhi ko prayukta karanA cAhatA hai| dharatI ke prati sAgara kA yaha vaira, vaimanasyatA bharA bhAva prabhAkara bhI sahana nahIM kara pAtA / sAgara bar3avAnala kA bhayAnaka rUpa dharatA hai aura prabhAkara para 'kathanI aura karanI meM bar3A antara hai' kahakara vyaMgya karatA hai / yahA~ kavi ne sAgara ko zubha kAryoM meM vighnakartA ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| prabhAkara ko grasane ke lie sAgara rAhu ko nimantraNa detA hai| rAhu sUrya ko grasa letA hai, pRthvI para dina meM bhI andhakAra chA jAtA hai aura sArI sRSTi Akula-vyAkula ho jAtI hai| taba indra sAgara ke atyAcAroM se pRthvIvAsiyoM ko mukti dilAne kI ThAnate haiM / yahA~ bhI jamakara sAgara aura indra kI senAoM ke bIca yuddha hotA hai / ise santa kavi ne vartamAna vizva kI sthiti (vizvayuddha kI sambhAvanAoM) kA paryAya batAte hue kahA hai : "Upara aNu kI zakti kAma kara rahI hai to idhara 'nIce/manu kI zakti vidyamAna !" (pR.249) ina paMktiyoM meM kavivara ne vijJAna aura dharma, vijJAna aura AsthA kA maulika aura sarvotkRSTa varNana kiyA hai| AcAryavara ne buddhivAdI mAnava ke dimAg2a ke sthira rahane para zaMkA vyakta kI hai ki patA nahIM yaha kaba saraka jAe aura kauna-sA vinAzakArI qadama uThA le / vartamAna vizva meM prakSepAstroM kI hor3a ke bIca sArI mAnava jAti duzcintAoM se ghulI jA rahI hai| isa prakAra kA vizada citraNa anyatra durlabha hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 211 AcAryavara ne isa khaNDa meM apanI lekhanI ke mAdhyama se sampUrNa mAnava jAti kA AhvAna kiyA hai : "nirantara sAdhanA kI yAtrA/bheda se abheda kI ora veda se aveda kI ora/bar3hatI hai, bar3hanI hI caahie|" (pR. 267) mAnavoM ko kavivara ne yaha bhI upadeza dene kA sArthaka prayatna kiyA hai ki jIvana yAtrA meM pala-pala para bAdhAe~, vipadAe~ usakA mArga rokane ko prastuta rahatI haiM, parantu kyA kabhI dRr3ha saMkalpavAlA pathika ina bAdhAoM se ghabarAtA hai ? vaha to ina sabhI bAdhAoM ko ha~sate hue dhairya ke sAtha pAra karatA hai / kavi kI ye bAteM hara prANI ko usake lakSya taka pahu~cAne hetu asIma preraNA pradAna karatI huI pratIta hotI haiN| cauthe khaNDa 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' meM AcArya ne batAyA hai ki kumbhakAra ne kumbha ko rUpAyita kara diyA hai aura ave meM tapAkara use pUrNatA pradAna karane kI taiyArI bhI kara rahA hai / isa pUrI prakriyA ko kavivara ne bar3e hI sahaja DhaMga se kAvyabaddha kiyA hai / isa khaNDa kA kAvyaphalaka itanA vistRta hai ki yaha svayaM meM eka khaNDakAvya pratIta hotA hai / santa kavi kA sampUrNa kAvya kauzala isI khaNDa meM prasphuTita huA hai / pratyeka kathA isa prakAra eka-dUsare se sampRkta hai ki kahIM bhI TUTana kA AbhAsa taka nahIM hotaa| kaI prakAra kI prakriyAoM ke bIca babUla kI lakar3I apanI vyathA karatI huI kahatI hai / usakI isa vyathAkathA ke mAdhyama se vartamAna bhAratIya zAsana vyavasthA para vyaMgya kI abhivyakti huI hai : "kabhI-kabhI hama banAI jAtI/kar3I se aura kar3I char3I aparAdhiyoM kI piTAI ke lie|/praay: aparAdhI-jana baca jAte niraparAdha hI piTa jAte,/aura unheM/pITate-pITate TUTatI hm| ise hama 'gaNatantra' kaise kaheM ?/yaha to zuddha 'dhanatantra' hai yA/manamAnA 'tantra' hai|" (pR. 271) ave meM lakar3iyA~ jalatI-bujhatI haiM / bAra-bAra kumbhakAra unheM prajvalita karatA hai / apakva kumbha agni se kahatA hai : "mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI/mujhe jilAnA hai sva-para doSoM ko jalAnA/parama-dharma mAnA hai santoM ne / " (pR. 277) tatpazcAt, pUrNarUpa se pake kumbha ko kumbhakAra bAhara nikAlatA hai / isa kumbha ko vaha zraddhAlu nagara seTha ke sevaka ke hAthoM detA hai ki isameM bhare jala se atithi kI usakI tRSA tRpta ho, usakA pAda-prakSAlana ho / sevaka le jAne se pUrva ise sAta bAra bajAtA hai aura usase sAta svara dhvanita hote haiN| mATI se nirmita kumbha ke satkAra aura use die jA rahe mahattva ke kAraNa seTha ke ghara kA svarNa-kalaza vikSubdha ho jAtA hai, apanI upekSA dekhakara / apane apamAna kA badalA lene ke lie vaha AtaMkavAdI dala ko Amantrita karatA hai jo seTha ke parivAra ko tabAha kare, barbAda kare / svarNa kalaza ke kyA kAranAme haiM, kina-kina vipattiyoM se seTha kA parivAra jUjhatA hai, vaha apane parivAra kI rakSA svayaM aura sahayogI prAkRtika zaktiyoM kI sahAyatA se karatA hai, kisa prakAra AtaMkavAdiyoM kA hRdaya parivartana hotA hai-ina sabakA vivaraNa itanA rocaka hai ki yaha kathA aupanyAsika jAna par3atI hai| kavivara ne svarNa-kalaza kA citraNa AtaMkavAdI ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai / AtaMkavAda vartamAna samaya meM pUre vizva
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________________ 212 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kI samasyA hai| vizeSata: bhArata ke pratyeka bhAga meM AtaMkavAda - alagAvavAda kA hI vAtAvaraNa vyApta hai / AcArya ne isa vikaTa samasyA kA samAdhAna bhI jaina darzana ke mukhya siddhAnta 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH' ke tahata sujhAyA hai / isa samAdhAna kI prastutilakSaNAtmaka aura vyaMjanAtmaka paddhati se kavi ne kI hai / kavi ne svAvalambI hone kI salAha eka apratima udAharaNa ke mAdhyama se Aja ke mAnava ko dI hai| deza meM vyApta AtaMkavAda ke kAraNa Aja mAnava jIvana cAroM ora se kisa prakAra bhayAkrAnta hai aura vaha kisa ghuTana meM jIne ko vivaza hai, isakI prastuti AcAryavara ne apratima rUpa meM kI hai| sAtha hI kavi ne bhojanabhaTTa aura AtmajJAnahIna sAdhuoM para bhI apanI kRti ke mAdhyama se karArI coTa kI hai| unhoMne batAyA hai ki DhoMgI, kapaTI, dhUrta loga sAdhuveza dhAraNa ka samAja ko sadaiva Thagate rahe haiN| isa prasaMga kI prastuti itane yathArtha DhaMga se hone ke pIche kavi kA svayaM sAdhaka sAdhu honA pratIta hotA hai, isIlie unhoMne sacce sAdhu ke svarUpa kA udghATana bhI kiyA hai| AcAryavara ne prastuta grantha meM kalikAla prabhAvoM kA bhI vizada varNana kiyA hai / bhAratIya gaNatantrIya vyavasthA para karArI coTa karate hue AcAryavara ne batalAyA hai ki vartamAna gaNatantrIya nyAya vyavasthA kaluSita ho gaI hai| rizvatakhorI aura arthalipsA ke kAraNa aparAdhavRtti balavatI aura sazakta ho gaI hai| kArAvAsa aparAdhiyoM ke lie prazikSaNa kendra bhara banakara raha gayA hai| unakI hiMsaka manovRtti vahA~ atyadhika prazikSita hotI hai / isa prakAra kI viSama avasthA meM sampUrNa jagat ko zAnti kI AvazyakatA hai / lekina sarvatra AtaMkavAdI pravRttiyA~ sakriya haiN| inakI sakriyatA se zAnti vyavasthA anajAnI vastu banakara raha gaI hai| kavivara ne batAyA hai ki harjagat ke sAtha-sAtha mAnava kA antarjagat bhI bhoga-vilAsa ke vikAroM se AtaMkita hai| jaba taka hamAre bhItara sadvRttiyA~ jAgRta nahIM hotIM, sukha-zAnti kI khoja adhUrI rahegI / AcArya ne mAnava jAti ko jIvana meM utpanna visaMgatiyoM se mukti pAne ke lie saMkalpa lene kI AvazyakatA jatAI hai, kyoMki saMkalpa zakti ke samakSa hI asat ko ghuTanA Tekane ke lie antata: vivaza honA par3atA hai / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA kathA - phalaka itanA vistRta hone ke bAvajUda bojhila nahIM hai, kautUhalatA sarvatra vidyamAna hai / adhyAtma, dharma, darzana evaM siddhAnta jaise kaThina viSayoM kA pratipAdana bhI AcArya ne itane AkarSaka tarIke se kiyA hai ki sarasatA sarvatra parilakSita hotI hai| mUkamATI ko sArthakatA pradAna karane kA stutya kArya koI siddha puruSa sakatA hai| 1 mahAkAvya kI anivAryatA rasa nirUpaNa kI bhI hai| nava rasoM meM se eka pradhAnatA kA honA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai / prastuta kRti kA pradhAna rasa zAnta rasa' pratIta hotA hai / kRtikAra svayaM zAnta rasa ke anupama aura viziSTa udAharaNa haiN| kisI mahApuruSa ke darzana, tattvajJAna aura vairAgya Adi se hI isa rasa kI udbhAvanA hotI hai| zAnta rasa ke sAtha-sAtha zRMgAra, karuNa, hAsya, vIra, vAtsalya Adi kI yojanA bhI AcArya ne utkRSTa rUpa meM kI hai| zAnta rasa ke bAda agara kisI dUsare rasa kI pradhAnatA parilakSita hotI hai to vaha hai - vAtsalya rasa / mA~-beTI ke saMvAda vAtsalya rasa ke utkRSTa udAharaNa haiN| aneka prakAra kI vipattiyoM ke Agamana tathA unake zamanayukta prasaMgoM meM vAtsalya aura karuNA kA sAgara laharAtA hai / 'mUkamATI' meM pAThaka jitanA hI DUbatA hai, utanA hI vaha kAvya ke laukika evaM alaukika Ananda kI prApti karatA hai, use santoSa kI prApti hotI hai / mahAkavi ne vAtsalya rasa ke nirUpaNa meM apanI kSamatA kA bharapUra digdarzana karAyA hai : " apane hoM yA parAye, / bhUkhe-pyAse baccoM ko dekha
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 213 mA~ ke hRdaya meM dUdha ruka nahIM sakatA/bAhara AtA hI hai umar3a kara, isI avasara kI pratIkSA rahatI hai/usa dUdha ko|" (pR. 201) prakRti citraNa bhI isa mahAkAvya meM samucita rUpa meM huA hai / isakA prArambha hI prakRti citraNa se huA hai| prakRti-citraNa meM mahAkavi ne Alambana, uddIpana, AlaMkArika vAtAvaraNa, mAnavIkaraNa, saMvedanAtmaka, upadezAtmaka, rahasyAtmaka Adi rUpoM ko vizeSa pradhAnatA dI hai| prAkRtika upAdAnoM meM kumudinI, cA~danI, sUrya, candra, nakSatra, saurabha, pavana, sAgara, saritA taTa Adi kA citraNa hai| prakRti citraNa ke tahata RtuoM kA varNana bhI yatheSTa rUpa meM huA hai| Rtu varNana meM grISma, varSA aura zIta kI pramukhatA hai| ___ 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI bhASA khar3I bolI hindI hai / isakI bhASA meM oja, prasAda evaM mAdhurya guNa kI pradhAnatA hai / bhAvAbhivyaMjanA meM bhASA pUrNa samartha jAna par3atI hai / gahana viSayoM kA bhI prastutIkaraNa jisa sugamatA se huA hai, vaha apane Apa meM eka misAla hai / isakI bhASA meM lAkSaNikatA aura vyaMjanAtmakatA kI pramukhatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| isake atirikta dhvanyAtmakatA, citrAtmakatA, nATakIyatA pUrNa bhASA kA bhI upayoga kavivara ne bakhUbI kiyA hai| bhASA saundarya ko aura prabhAvazAlI banAne meM muhAvaroM, kahAvatoM, lokoktiyoM evaM sUktiyoM kA bhI pracura yoga hai / AcArya kI bhASA prAMjala, sarasa, bhAvAnukUla evaM pravAhapUrNatA se yukta hai / bhASA meM tatsama, arddha tatsama, tadbhava, dezaja evaM videzaja zabdoM kA bhI dhar3alle se prayoga huA hai| chanda vidhAna kI dRSTi se yaha mahAkAvya muktaka chanda meM nirmita huA hai / jahA~-tahA~ tukAnta evaM atukAnta chanda yojanA dikhAI detI hai vahA~ sAmAnyata: bhAva, bhASA, prasaMga aura zailI ke anurUpa hI chanda yojanA kI gaI hai| samamAtrika, arddha samamAtrika evaM viSama mAtrika chandoM kA vizeSa prayoga huA hai / 'mUkamATI' kAvya meM santa kavi ne saMskRtaniSTha zailI kA prayoga atyadhika mAtrA meM kiyA hai| prastuta kAvya kA bhAva evaM kalApakSa donoM hI samRddha pratIta hotA hai| alaMkAroM kI yojanA bhI yatheSTa rUpa meM kI gaI hai / AcArya ne upamA, utprekSA, yamaka, rUpaka, zleSa Adi alaMkAroM kA prayoga apane mahAkAvya meM AvazyakatAnusAra kiyA hai, jisase kAvya ke saundarya meM vRddhi huI hai| bhAratIya saMskRti ke mUlamantra 'yatra nAryastu pUjyante...' kI caritArthatA kavi ne 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM prastuta kI hai| hindI kaviyoM ne apanI racanAoM ke mAdhyama se upekSita pAtroM ke uddhAra kA prayatna kiyA hai kintu unakA praNayana sajIva pAtroM ko AdhAra banAkara kiyA gayA hai, mATI jaisI nirjIva vastu ko lekara nhiiN| jaina dharma meM nArI ke prati nakArAtmaka dhAraNA saMsAra meM viSabela nArI, taja gae yogIzvarA' pracalita hai| isI kA prabhAva madhyakAlIna santa kaviyoM aura tulasI ke padoM meM bhI dIkha par3atA hai / parantu, AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne nArI ke sambandha meM eka naI avadhAraNA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai jo samasAmayika, vaijJAnika evaM susaMgata pratIta hotI hai / AcAryavara ke zabdoM meM nArI kI mahattA isa prakAra spaSTa hotI hai: "inakI AkheM haiM karuNA kI kArikA/zatrutA chU nahIM sakatI inheM milana-sArI mitratA/muphta milatI rahatI inase / yahI kAraNa hai ki inakA sArthaka nAma hai 'nArI'/yAnI- 'na ari' nArI""/athavA ye ArI nahIM haiN/so"naarii"|" (pR.202) prastuta mahAkAvya meM jIva, jagat, mAyA, moha, AtmA, paramAtmA aura mokSa sambandhI vicAroM ko bar3I hI
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________________ 214 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sahajatA se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| grantha meM adhyAtma, saMskRti aura paramparAgata mAnyatAoM kI Adarza rUpa meM sthApanA kI gaI hai / yadyapi 'mUkamATI' AdhyAtmika mahAkAvya pratIta hotA hai tathApi isameM saMskRti, yuga cetanA, yuga-bodha, rAjanItika, sAmAjika, Arthika, lokatAntrika, samAjavAda evaM AtaMkavAda Adi samasyAoM kA adbhuta saMyojana huA hai | adhyAtma ko AcArya ne svastha jJAna ke rUpa meM nirdezita kiyA hai / saMskRti kA prastutIkaraNa bhI 'mUkamATI' meM Adarza rUpa meM huA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kI tyAgAtmaka pravRtti kI prazaMsA ke sAtha-sAtha pAzcAtya saMskRti meM anusyUta artha kI pradhAnatA kI nindA kI gaI hai| sampUrNatA meM dekhA jAe to 'mUkamATI' meM bhAratIya sAMskRtika AdarzoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai| 'mAnava ko mAnava se jor3ane' kA tathA 'AzA hI jIvana hai' ke siddhAnta ke AdhAra para mAnavatAvAda kI sthApanA kA stutya prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| zrama ke mahattva kI sthApanA kavi ne 'zrama kare' so zramaNa' (pR. 362) kahakara kI hai| aisI zramaNa saMskRti - mAnava saMskRti se yuga ko saMskArita karane kI dRSTi hai isa mahAkAvya kI / saMskRti kI sthApanA kavi ne ina bhAvoM meM kahakara kI hai aura isa dRSTikoNa se yaha mahAkAvya eka viziSTa upalabdhi jAna par3atI hai / "kRti rahe, saMskRti rahe/AgAmI asIma kAla taka jAgRta "jIvita" ajita / " (pR. 245 ) 'mUkamATI' vizva jIvana ko preraNA pradAna karanevAlA mAnavatAvAdI sandeza prasArita karatA hai / yahI sandeza sampUrNa mAnava jAti kI dharohara hai / isa mahAkAvya meM AcAryavara ke dvArA mAnavatAvAda kI sthApanA aura cintana-manana vyApaka hai / AcArya kA dRSTikoNa eka dArzanika evaM manovaijJAnika kA dRSTikoNa pratIta hotA hai| AcAryavara ne manuSya kI vedanA ko vyApaka rUpa meM mukharita kiyA hai| unakI dRSTi meM mAnavatA kI vijaya hI mAnava saMskRti kI vijaya hai / samagra vivecana ke pazcAt yadi yaha kahA jAya ki gaNitIya DhaMga se bhale hI 'mUkamATI' ko mahAkAvyoM ke antargata sammilita na kiyA jAya, parantu anya sabhI dRSTikoNoM se yaha mahAkAvya kI garimA kA pUrNatayA paripAlana karatA hai / mAtra sargabaddha honA, nAyaka kA ucca kulotpanna athavA kSatriya honA yA aise hI anya niyama- pariniyama, vidhividhAna mahAkAvya kI mahattA ko ghaTAnevAle hote haiM / mahAkAvya kA uddezya 'caturvargaphalaprApti:' arthAt artha, dharma, kAma aura mokSa kI prApti hai aura nahIM to kama-se-kama eka kI to prApti honI hI caahie| isakI prApti isa mahAkAvya padadalitA, upekSitA mATI ko hotI hai| sAtha hI, prastuta mahAkAvya mana para eka udAtta prabhAva chor3atA hai jo mahAkAvya kA sarvamAnya guNa kahA jAtA hai| yuga-yuga taka jIne kI kSamatA isa kRti meM vidyamAna hai aura yaha samAja aura rASTra ke lie naI, svastha dizA pradAna karane meM bhI pUrNatayA samartha aura sakSama hai| meM pRSTha 258-258 phUla ne pavana ko -... aura koI prayojanA nahIM--- hA~ !
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________________ 'mUkamATI' kI eka jhalaka DaoN. ramApati rAya zarmA bhAratIya sAhitya ke avalokana se vidita hotA hai ki bhAratIya janamAnasa meM sthAyI rUpa se sthAna pAne vAle kAvya granthoM ke praNetA mUlataH santa athavA bhakta kavi haiM, jaise kabIra, sUra, tulasI Adi / prastuta kAvya 'mUkamATI' ke praNetA bhI prathama, bhAratIya darzana ke marmajJa hone ke sAtha hI santa haiM aura taba kavi / santa, saMsAra se virakta hokara bhI rahatA hai saMsAra hI meM / use sAMsArikatA kA saba kucha jJAta hai kintu vaha unake pAza se mukta hai| isa muktAvasthA meM hI use Ananda yA paramAnanda ke satyasvarUpa kA anubhava hotA hai jo eka naisargika, alaukika Ananda meM magna kara detA hai / santa kI vRtti paropakArI hotI hai| vaha vyaSTigata Ananda ko samaSTigata banAnA cAhatA hai| lokopakAra kI isa bhAvanA se hI usane tuccha, nagaNya 'mATI' ko kAvya kA AdhAra banAyA / jaise mAtA-pitA bacce ko jJAnI guru ko sauMpakara nizcinta ho jAte haiM tathA guru bhI use lakSya taka pahu~cAne kA apanA naitika dAyitva mAnatA hai / taba vaha use pyAra aura tAr3anA ke mAdhyama se, yathA avasara jaisI bhI sthiti ho, use nirantara agrasara karatA huA gantavya taka pahu~cAkara hI santuSTa hotA hai, vaise hI mA~ dharatI ne 'mATI' ko kumbhakAra ko sauMpa diyaa| zilpI jJAnI guru ke rUpa meM mATI ko zanaiH-zanaiH saMskAra dvArA nirdiSTa sopAnoM se use susaMskRta karatA huA antima sopAna taka pahu~cA detA hai| kAvya-praNetA kA santatva rUpa pradhAna hai / ataeva usane usI rAha para mUkamATI kA, kumbhakAra se prathama khaNDa meM saMsarga karAyA, dUsare khaNDa meM samarpaNa / tIsare khaNDa meM kharA parIkSaNa aura taba hara khaNDoM kI nirdiSTa kasauTI para kasatA aura kharA utAratA huA, cauthe khaNDa meM UrdhvagAmI, UrdhvamukhI banAkara 'mATI' ko zubha maMgala kalaza ke rUpa meM prastuta kara detA hai, jisakI nAnA vidhi se ' hotI hai tathA jo zubha aura kalyANa kA pratIka bana Aja bhI sarvatra sarvamAnya hai / pUjA vaidika darzana ke anusAra sRSTikartA bhI kumbhakAra svarUpa hI hai| vaha sajIva kumbha kA sRjana karatA hai aura yaha miTTI ke nAnA AkAra-prakAra ke nitya upayogI nirjIva pAtroM kA / kintu dhanya hai yaha zilpI, jisake nirjIva kalaza ko maMgala kA pratIka mAnakara maMgala kalaza ke rUpa meM sajIva usakI pUjA karate haiN| akSata, dadhi, rorI aura miSThAna, haldI seTIka kara use pavitratama rUpa dekara usa para zraddhAbhAva arpita karate haiM / kumbhakAra kA mahattva kavi jAyasI ne tatkAlIna rAjA zerazAha sUrI se apane saMvAda meM batalAyA hai / pAtra ko choTA-bar3A, sundara yA kurUpa banAnA kumbhakAra ke hAtha meM hai aura sAtha hI usakI icchA para nirbhara hai| zerazAha rAjA thA, sazakta hone ke sAtha hI sundara bhI thA / kavi jAyasI kI bar3hatI khyAti ko sunakara usase milane kI icchA huI / rAjA ke sammukha kavi kA sAkSAtkAra hote hI, rAjA ne ha~sa diyA / kavi to kavi hai / kahA bhI gayA hai ki 'jahA~ na jAya ravi, vahA~ jAya kavi / ' jAyasI turanta tAr3a gae ki rAjA merI kurUpatA para ha~sA hai, unhoMne chUTate hI kahA : "mohi kA ha~sasi ki koharahi" arthAt mujha para kyA ha~sate haiM, usa kumhAra para hI ha~sie jisane mujhe itanA kAlA, kurUpa aura kUbar3a vAlA banA diyA hai aura Apako rAjA hone ke sAtha hI bhavya rUpa bhI diyA hai / kavi kI pratyutpanna mati para rAjA stambhita ho gayA aura mAnanA par3A ki kavi bauddhika pakSa se kitanA sUkSma aura sakSama hotA hai| khaNDa - eka 'saMkara nahIM : varNa- lAbha' : saMkara zabda kA zAbdika artha hai do cIjoM kA Apasa meM milnaa| yAnI vaha jisakI utpatti bhinna varNa yA jAti ke pitA aura mAtA se huI ho / kintu yahA~ varNa kA tAtparya cAla-calana aura AcaraNa hai - raMga, rUpa aura aMga se nhiiN| jisane kisI ko apanAyA hai usake anusAra, apanAe jAne vAle ko apane guNa-dharma, rUpa-svarUpa ko parivartita karanA hogA, anyathA varNa-doSa kA varaNa karanA hogaa| miTTI ke sAtha kaMkara kA milana,
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________________ 216 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA apane guNa-dharma aura svarUpa ko parivartita na kara skaa| varNa saMkara doSa banA rahA / "saMkara - doSa kA / vAraNa karanA thA mujhe / so / kaMkara - koSa kA / vAraNa kiyA ... varNa kA Azaya / na raMga se hai / na hI aMga se / varan / cAla - caraNa, DhaMga se hai / yAnI!/ jise apanAyA hai / use / jisane apanAyA hai / usake anurUpa apane guNa - dharma - / rUpa - svarUpa ko / parivartita karanA hogA / varanA varNa saMkara- doSa ko / varanA hogA ! ...nIra kI jAti nyArI hai/ kSIra kI jAti nyArI, / donoM ke / parasa-rasa-raMga bhI paraspara nire - nire haiM / aura / yaha sarva - vidita hai, / phira bhI yathA-vidhi, / yathA-nidhi / kSIra meM nIra milAte hI / nIra kSIra bana jAtA hai aura suno ! / kevala varNa-raMga kI apekSA / gAya kA kSIra bhI dhavala hai Aka kA kSIra bhI dhavala hai/ donoM Upara se vimala haiM/ parantu / paraspara unheM milAte hI vikAra utpanna hotA hai -/ kSIra phaTa jAtA hai pIra bana jAtA hai / vaha ! nIra kA kSIra bananA hI / varNa-lAbha hai, varadAna hai / aura kSIra kA phaTa jAnA hI / varNa saMkara hai/ abhizApa hai / " (pR. 46-49) 'mATI' se nirmita sundara kalaza yA anya AkarSaka mATI ke pAtroM ko dekhakara kAvya racayitA atyadhika prabhAvita hotA hai / usakI dRSTi, nirmANa ko lekara bar3I gaharAI meM praveza karatI hai| isakI utpatti, saMgati aura sthAna saba caturdik bahukoNIya dRSTipAta karate-karate, kavi kI vicAradhArA kramaza: dArzanika hone lagatI hai| darzanadhArA meM nimagna ho jAne para kavi kA vyaktitva vismRta ho jAtA hai aura vaha gaharAI meM paiThatA hai, 'mATI' ke dArzanika svarUpa pr| 'mATI' kA sahaja svarUpa kyA hai ? usakA nirmANa kaise huA ? apane mUla rUpa meM prathama kitanI visaMgatiyoM meM vaha thI ? usakA saMsarga kumbhakAra se kaise huA aura kisake mAdhyama se huA tathA kisa hetu huA ? apane lakSya taka pahu~cane meM kitanA zodha karanA pdd'aa| sahaja DhaMga se mATI meM kitanI hI cIjeM sar3a-galakara mATI meM milakara vaisI hI ho jAtI haiN| vaisA hI unakA saMskAra svabhAva bana jAtA hai| kintu usI mATI meM kucha aise padArtha milate haiM jo mATI se bhinna apanA saMskAra va svarUpa banAe rahate haiN| aise hI anamela - bemela kA milana saMkara kahA jAtA hai| jahA~ bhinna guNa aura saMskAra ke hote hue bhI milane ke pazcAt samyak ekIkaraNa ho jAtA hai, vahA~ eka-dUsare ke prati tyAga aura rakSA kI bhAvanA umar3atI hai, jaise nIra-kSIra milana meM : "isa arpaNa meM kucha aura nahIM / kevala utsarga chalakatA hai ; maiM de dU~ aura na phira kucha lU~ / itanA hI sarala jhalakatA hai|" prasAda aisA hI milana yA vilaya 'varNa - lAbha' hai / varadAna hai| jahA~ milana ke pazcAt bhI do padArthoM kA saMskAra svarUpa aura guNarUpa alaga-alaga banA hI raha jAya, vahA~ eka ko dUsare se alaga kara dene meM hI una donoM kA kalyANa hai| jaise kaMkara ko mATI se chAna, phaTaka kara kumbhakAra ne alaga kara diyaa| isameM alaga hone ke bhAva se kaMkara meM yadi roSa utpanna hotA hai| to usa para dhyAna nahIM denA hai kyoMki varNasaMkaratA meM vizvasanIyatA nahIM rhtii| isI se use abhizApa kahA gayA hai| kAvya praNetA ne 'mUkamATI' ke mAdhyama se yogya, honahAra evaM AsthAvAn ziSya ko jJAnI guru ke stara taka pahu~cAne kA saMketa kiyA hai| jahA~ para vaha sAdhanA kI uttarottara kasauTI para usakI bauddhika kSamatA ke mAdhyama se use
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 217 maMgala kalaza kI bhA~ti lokamaMgala kI bhAvanA se pUrita karake samAja ko lauTAegA / kabIra aura tulasI kI taraha jo apane ko sabase burA, choTA aura khoTA mAnegA, vahI Upara uThegA : 0 "burA jo dekhana maiM gayA, ...mujha se burA na koy|" - kabIra 0 "rAma so bar3o hai kauna mo so kauna chotto| rAma so kharo hai kauna mujha se kauna khotto||" - tulasI mATI ne apane ko sabase patita jaanaa| yaha bhAvanA hI pAvana hai| jisameM apane sahI rUpa kI pahacAna hai, usameM patana kA yaha bodha hI utthAna kA dyotaka hai| "tUne jo/apane Apako/patita jAnA hai/laghu-tama mAnA hai/yaha apUrva ghaTanA isalie hai ki/tUne/nizcita-rUpa se/prabhu ko,/guru-tama ko pahacAnA hai !.../...patana pAtAla kA anubhava hI/utthAna-U~cAI kI AratI utAranA hai|" (pR. 9-10) laghutA kA anubhava karane vAlA ziSya hI mahAnatA taka pahu~catA hai / jo mATI ke samAna sAdhanA ke kaSToM ko aMgIkAra karane vAlA hai vahI guru jJAna-grahaNa kA saccA pAtra bana sakatA hai| aise hI pUta bhAvoM se bhare sAdhaka, jJAnI guru ke AzIrvAda se eka dina govinda kA bhI sAkSAtkAra kara lete haiM, jaise mATI ke maMgala kalaza ko antima khaNDa ke anta meM pAdapa ke nIce sakSama jJAnI guru kA nATakIya DhaMga se sAkSAtkAra huaa| "guru govinda doU khar3e, kAke lAgUM paay| balihArI guru ApakI, jina govinda diyo batAya // " guru kI mahimA sarvopari hai / sacce guru kI mahAnatA, govinda se bhI bar3hakara mAnI gaI hai kyoMki govinda taka pahu~cAne vAlA vahI hai / guru kI mahAnatA svIkAra karane meM hI ziSya kI Abhyantara U~cAI lakSita hotI hai| ___adhyAtma kI rAha meM jJAna ke mAdhyama se guru ziSya meM praveza kara jAtA hai| isIlie mA~ dharatI kI sIkha para ziSya 'mATI' ko aba rAtri bhI prabhAta-sI lagatI hai / duHkha bhI sukha-sA lagatA hai / vastuta: sukha-du:kha kA anubhava bhAvanA para nirbhara karatA hai : "mATI ko rAtri bhI/prabhAta-sI lagatI hai : duHkha kI vedanA meM/jaba nyUnatA AtI hai duHkha bhI sukha-sA lagatA hai| aura yaha/bhAvanA kA phala hai|" (pR. 18) jayazaMkara prasAdajI ne bhI sukha-duHkha ko bhAvanA janita hI mAnA hai| unhIM ke zabdoM meM : "mAnava jIvana vedI para/pariNaya hai viraha-milana kA sukha-duHkha donoM nAceMge/hai khela A~kha kA mana kaa|" isa kAvya kI nAyikA aura nAyaka ke rUpa meM mATI' aura 'kumbhakAra' hI haiN| jaba nAyaka se milane kI lAlasA aura utsukatA nAyikA meM hotI hai taba pratIkSA kI kaThina ghar3I bhI sukhAnubhUti kA anubhava karAtI hai| mArga ke ror3e bhI
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________________ 218 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sarala ho jAte haiN| ye lakSaNa 'mATI' ke bhItara sAhasa aura pulaka se lakSita ho rahe haiN| mATI ko zilpI se prema hai, ata: use zIta se bacane ke lie kambala or3hane kA sujhAva detI hai / yaha bhI satya hai ki priya premI kI rakSA, surakSA ke lie adhika cintita rahatA hai| tabhI to 'mATI' ko zilpI ke prati itanA dhyAna hai ki use ThaNDaka na lagane paae| usake kaSTa ko apanA kaSTa mAnatI hai / yahI premI meM priya ke anurakta ho jAne kA sahI pramANa hai / atyadhika prema ke kAraNa hI premI ko kama balavAlA mAnakara kambala or3hane ko kahatI hai aura apane ko sabala mAnakara zIta-garama ko saha lene kI abhyAsI mAnatI hai / sneha to sneha hI hai / isI prakAra mA~ bhI apane vAtsalya snehavaza hI surakSA kI dRSTi se apane balavAn beTe ko bhI durbala hI mAnatI hai aura usakI surakSA ke lie cintita rahatI hai| eka sthAna para kumhAra dvArA kudAlI se mATI para kie gae prahAra ke mAdhyama se kavi ne zAsana sattA kI samayasamaya para kI gaI niSThuratA, lAThI cArja Adi para saMketa kiyA hai : "mATI ke mAthe para/mAra par3a rahI hai/krUra - kaThora kudAlI se khodI jA rahI hai maattii|/maattii kI mRdutA meM/khoI jA rahI hai kudAlI ! kyA mATI kI dayA ne/kudAlI kI adayA bulAI hai ? kyA adayA aura dayA ke bIca/ghaniSTa mitratA hai ?/yadi nahIM hai."to mATI ke mukha se/rudana kI AvAz2a kyoM nahIM AI?/aura mATI ke mukha para/krudhana kI sAz2a kyoM nahIM chAI? kyA yaha/rAjasattA kA rAz2a to nahIM hai ?" (pR. 29-30) isase yahI pratIta hotA hai ki kAvya praNetA kA dhyAna samaya kI pukAra ke anusAra cAroM tarapha jA rahA hai / vicAroM meM kUpa maNDUkatA nahIM, vyApakatA hai / sAhitya jo janahita ke sAtha calatA hai, usI ora kavi kA dhyAna hai / samAja ke sajaga praharI ke rUpa meM kavikarma kA nirbhaya hokara pAlana kiyA jA rahA hai / 'mATI' tuccha, nAcIz2a, heya padArtha ko lekara kavi kI vicAradhArA kahA~ jA rahI hai, yaha vizeSa rUpa se vivecanIya hai| dRSTi sUkSma hone ke nAte kaI bhAva Abhyantara rUpa se samAnAntara cala rahe haiN| kavi kI bauddhika cetanA maMgala kalaza ke nirmANa ko lekara maMgalamayI ho rahI hai| kavivara jayazaMkara prasAda ne aisI hI vyApaka pUta bhAvanA ke jAgaraNa ko cetanA kA ujjvala varadAna kahA hai : "ujjvala varadAna cetanA kA/saundarya jise saba kahate haiM, jisameM ananta abhilASA ke/sapane saba jagate rahate haiN|" kavi kI dRSTi meM cetanA kA ujjvala varadAna hI saundarya hai, na ki zArIrika aura mAMsala saundarya, jo kSaNa-bhaMgura hotA hai / kAvya praNetAoM ko amaratva prApta hotA hai, inhIM maMgalamayI vyApaka pUta bhAvanAoM ke sRjanakartA hone ke kaarnn| kavi nara se nArAyaNa banane kA AhvAna kara rahA hai| zilpI kumbhakAra kI kAryazAlA yogazAlA hai, jahA~ mATI ke pAtra ke samAna mAnavatA rUpI pAtra kA bhI gar3hana ho rahA hai / mATI, pAtra mAdhyama haiN| vicAra kitanA spaSTa hai ki mATI ke samAna jisane prathama apane ko patita aura laghu hone kA anubhava kiyA, vahI usa abhAva kI pUrti hetu prayatna karegA, aura sacce guru kI zaraNa legaa| sAdhanAgata kaSToM ko svIkAra kara, guru nirdeza ke mAdhyama se Abhyantara ke supta prakAza ko jAgRta karegA, jo jIvana kA parama lakSya hai / mAnava yAtrA meM adhomukhI nirantara UrdhvamukhI hone kA prayatna karatA AyA hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 219 "adhomukhI jIvana/UrdhvamukhI ho/unnata banatA hai| hArA huA bhI/besahArA jIvana/sahArA denevAlA banatA hai / " (pR. 43) Aja ke samAja kI svArthaparAyaNa vRtti ko dekha, kavi du:khI hai aura zilpI kI bAlaTI meM pAnI ke sAtha AI kue~ kI machalI ke mAdhyama se vaha kahatA hai ki bAhara cala, nahIM to apanI hI jAti, sahadharmI bar3I machaliyA~ kala nigala jAe~gI / jaghanya svArtha, jAti bandhana, dharma bandhana ko tor3a cukA hai| nirmamatA, kaThoratA, krUratA kA bhAva mAnava mana meM tIvratA se sthAna grahaNa karatA jA rahA hai : "nizcita hI Aja yA kala/kAla ke gAla meM kavalita hoMge hama ! kyA patA nahIM tujhako !/choTI ko bar3I machalI/sAbuta nigalatI haiM yahA~ aura/sahadharmI sajAti meM hI/vaira vaimanaska bhAva/paraspara dekhe jAte haiM ! zvAna, zvAna ko dekha kara hI/nAkhUnoM se dharatI ko khodatA huA gurrAtA hai burI trh|" (pR.71) dayA, jo dharma kA mUla hai, usakA Aja kitanA upahAsa ho rahA hai| usake hAsyAspada svarUpa kA eka citra dekhie: "aba to."/astroM, zastroM, vastroM/aura kRpANoM para bhI/'dayA-dharma kA mUla hai' likhA milatA hai |/kintu,/kRpaann kRpAlu nahIM haiM/ve svayaM kahate haiM hama haiM kRpANa/hama meM kRpA na!" (pR. 73) nirdaya mAnava para eka aura kar3e cAbuka kA prahAra / yahA~ mATI' dayA ke pratIka svarUpa prastuta kI gaI hai| vaha nAnA prakAra kI yantraNAoM, vedanAoM kI bhuktabhogI hai, ata: zilpI se nivedana karatI hai ki bAlaTI meM Upara AI machalI ko turanta kUpa meM surakSita lauTA dIjie, kyoMki dera hone para jala ke viyoga meM vaha prANoM kI Ahuti de degI : "mATI saMketa karatI hai zilpI ko/ki/isa bhavyAtmA ko/kUpa meM pahu~cA do surakSA ke sAtha avilamba !/anyathA/isa kA avasAna hogaa|" (pR. 88) zIrSaka se hI kAvya ke khaNDa ba~dhe nahIM haiN| zIrSaka kA Azaya to kabhI spaSTa ho gayA, kintu bhAvoM kI zAkhAprazAkhA, apane meM kitanI mahattvapUrNa hai / sAtha hI rocaka aura cittAkarSaka, bhAva-bhASA-zailI kA kabhI sarala, to kabhI vyaMgyAtmaka prayoga apanA eka alaga sthAna rakhatA hai / isakI vividha vidhi varNana kalA aura dArzanika bhAvoM kA yatra-tatra udgAra pAThaka ko sarapaTa nahIM calane detA, ruka-ruka kara sAvadhAna karatA calatA hai aura pAThaka magna ho hara par3Ava para AhlAda kA anubhava karatA calatA hai| use zrama kA AbhAsa nahIM hone pAtA, UbanA to alaga bAta hai| khaNDa eka saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' kA bhAvAMza ukta bhUmikA meM nihita hai| khaNDa-do: 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM- 'mATI' para vicAra prasaMgavaza hI sahI, jagat kI jAgatikatA se pUrNarUpeNa sambaddha hai / prakRti-puruSa milana sahaja svAbhAvika hai, donoM kI prakRti ke anukUla hai aura donoM kA dharma hai| puruSa kA anyatra ramanA jIvana ko bhrAmaka banAnA hai / halkA hokara nisteja nissattva ho jAnA hai aura azAnti ko Amantrita karanA hai / sRSTi ke jIvoM ke prati bhautikatA se virakta santa kI lekhanI sadAzayatA se kitanI paripUrNa hai ki
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________________ 220 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA jagat ke jIva bhaTakeM nahIM, balki zAstroM dvArA nirmita, nirdiSTa patha para calate rheN| "svabhAva se hI/prema hai hamArA/aura/svabhAva meM hI/kSema hai hmaaraa| puruSa prakRti se/yadi dUra hogA/nizcita hI vaha/vikRti kA pUra hogA puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI/mokSa hai, sAra hai| aura/anyatra ramanA hI/bhramanA hai/moha hai, saMsAra hai"|" (pR. 93) Ahata kaNTaka chaliyA mana ke mAdhyama se zilpI ko kaSTa dene kA nirNaya letA hai / 'mATI' ke mAdhyama se santa kA upadeza anukaraNIya hai : "badale kA bhAva vaha dala-dala hai/ki jisameM/bar3e-bar3e baila hI kyA, bala-zAlI gaja-dala taka/burI taraha phaMsa jAte haiM/aura/gala-kapola taka pUrI taraha dhaMsa jAte haiN|/bdle kA bhAva vaha anala hai/jo jalAtA hai tana ko bhI, cetana ko bhI bhava-bhava taka!/badale kA bhAva vaha rAhu hai jisake/sudIrgha vikarAla gAla meM/choTA-sA kavala bana/cetanarUpa bhAsvata bhAnu bhI apane astitva ko kho detA hai/aura suno!/bAlI se badalA lenA ThAna liyA thA dazAnana ne/phira kyA milA phala ?/tana kA bala mathita huA mana kA bala vyathita huA/aura/yaza kA bala patita huA yahI huA na!/trAhi mAM ! trAhi mAM !! trAhi mAM !!!/yoM cillAtA huA rAkSasa kI dhvani meM ro par3A/tabhI usakA nAma/rAvaNa pdd'aa|" (pR. 97-98) ukta upadeza kitane saTIka aura jIvanopayogI haiN| badalA lene kI bhAvanA meM a~dhA hokara eka-dUsare ko duniyA~ se uThA dene kA jaghanya aparAdha kara DAlatA hai, yaha soca kara ki pariNAma cAhe jo hogA, dekhA jAegA / dekhA kyA jAegA, pApayukta durbuddha, parivAra kA parivAra aura samAja kA samAja tathA sAmpradAyika dRSTi se dekhA jAe to kinhIM do sampradAyoM meM jaba badale kI bhAvanA kI Aga logoM ke mana meM sulagane lagatI hai taba anaginata saMkhyA meM loga mRtyu ke havAle hone lagate haiN| usa joza-kharoza meM, sarvanAza kA pralaya-sA upasthita karane vAle bhagavAn zaMkara kA tANDava nRtya upasthita ho jAtA hai aura vinAza lIlA ke pazcAt rote-bilakhate, hAya-hAya karate, mukha chipAe, pazcAtApa kI agni meM jalate-jhulasate jIvana lIlA samApta kara dete haiN| yaha hai badale kI bhAvanA kA sthAyI pariNAma / zIrSaka ke anusAra varNoM ke mela se banA 'zabda' mAtra uccAraNa hai / uccAraNa se hI zabda ke antargata chipA bhAva yA artha prakaTa hone lagatA hai / sahI-sahI uccAraNa zabdArtha ko vyakta kara detA hai / artha yA bhAva samajha lene para hI vAstavika bodha' hotA hai| bodha kA tAtparya santuSTi se hai arthAt pAThaka yA zrotA santuSTa ho jAtA hai| zabda ke uccAraNa ke mAdhyama se artha bodha ho jAnA hI paryApta nahIM hai kyoMki artha-bodha mAtra mastiSkaparaka hotA hai, usakI sImA vahIM taka hai| hA~, jaba artha para vicAra-viniyama hotA hai taba usake guNa-doSa para alaga-alaga dUragAmI pariNAma ko socA jAtA hai, taba gahana manthana ke pazcAt artha ke Abhyantara se nikale navanIta ko samAjopayogI samajha kara tathA hara dRSTi se sabake lie hitakara mAnakara svIkAra kara liyA jAtA hai| sahI zabda-bodha ke pazcAt zabda-zodha hai / zodha zabda svayaM kaha rahA hai ki zabdArtha ko zodha ke pazcAt grahaNa karo / zodha kI eka apanI alaga prakriyA hotI hai / jaise zodha ke pazcAt hI vaidya puTapAka taiyAra karatA hai vaise hI zabdArtha ko bhI guNa-doSarUpI kharI kasauTI para car3hAne ke pazcAt kharA utarane para hI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 221 svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| guNa-doSa kI kasauTI sthAna, samaya, vAtAvaraNa, deza, kAla, paramparA aura sanAtana saMskRti Adi ko vicArate hue banatI hai| sabako dekhate hue jo bhAva yA artha nikale vahI zodha hai / udAharaNa svarUpa : "parahita sarisa dharama nahiM bhAI / para pIr3A sama nahiM adhamAI || " ( tulasIdAsa ) ukta vAkya apane zabdArtha se zodhita hai| zodha ke pazcAt hI isakA sarvamAnya artha nirdiSTa huA hai / yahA~ dekhanA yaha hai ki zabda 'parahita' kA kSetra kitanA hai / isa paridhi meM prANimAtra A jAte haiN| 'para' ke kSetra meM apane paricita aura apane samudAya varga aura jAti-dharma aura deza ke hI nahIM, apitu apanA virodhI aura zatru isI kSetra meM hai / yaha kSetra jIvamAtra taka vistRta hone ke kAraNa samUcI sRSTi ko sameTa letA hai, tabhI to bhAratIya saMskRti 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' bhAva ko mAnyatA detI hai / zabda 'parahita' jisameM zatruoM, virodhiyoM aura anya deza va dharma matAvalambiyoM kA sammilita hai usako kaise, kyA kiyA jAya ? isa prakAra kA udvega mana meM utthegaa| dUsarI ora 'parahita' zabda kI zodhita sarvamAnya mAnyatA bhI sunizcita kara dI gaI hai / isameM leza mAtra bhI parivartana asambhAvya hai / taba mana mArakara zAnta citta-mana-buddhi se vinamratA aura ziSTatA ke sAtha zodhArtha ke anusAra calanA hI hai, vaisA hI AcaraNa aura kriyA karanI hI hai| isI se AcAryajI ne zodha-bhAva ko namana kiyA aura namana karane kA saMketa kiyA : " puNya - nidhi kA pratinidhi banA / bodha - bhAva kA Agamana ho rahA hai, aura / anubhUti kA pratinidhi banA / zodha - bhAva ko namana ho rahA hai sahaja-anAyAsa ! yahA~ !! / ... bodha meM AkulatA palatI hai zodha meM nirAkulatA phalatI hai / " (pR. 106 - 107 ) santaveza aura bAta hai evaM santatva ko prApta honA aura / isa kAvya ke praNetA AcAryajI santatva ko prApta haiM / deha se hI nahIM, mana-vacana-karma aura svabhAva se sahaja santa haiN| tabhI to tattva-darzana anAyAsa hI yatra-tatra prasaMgavaza yA yoM hI sarvatra paga-paga para uddhRta milatA hai| loga kahate haiM ki gosvAmI tulasIdAsa bAra-bAra rAma ke brahmatva pradarzana ko cetAvanI rUpa meM lAe haiM, aisA kyoM hai ? kyA eka bAra kA kahanA paryApta nahIM hogA ki rAma paramabrahma haiM / gosvAmI tulasIjI kI dRSTi se eka-do bAra kA kahanA paryApta nahIM thaa| kyoMki rAma paramabrahma hokara bhI nara lIlA hetu avatarita hue haiN| rAjA ke lar3ake rAjakumAra rUpa meM haiN| kAvya ke pravAha meM pAThaka athavA zrotA unheM kahIM sAdhAraNa rAjakumAra hI na mAna leM, kyoMki isa veza se jJAnI ko bhI bhrama ho jAtA hai / dekhie, bAra-bAra cetAvanI dene para bhI jagat-mAtA 'sItA', pakSirAja garuNa aura parama jJAnI rAvaNa ko bhI bhrama ho gayA hai, auroM kI to bAta kyA hai| isI prakAra sahaja santa svabhAva vAle AcAryajI bhI paropakArArtha, lokahita meM, bhramitoM ko dizAnirdeza hetu darzana tattvoM ko cetAvanI ke rUpa meM citrita karate calate haiN| lagatA hai apane lokopakArI anubhavajanya bhAvoM ko, sanAtana siddha, darzana tattvoM ko, tathA janahita meM anyAnya bhAvoM ko Apane parama hitakara mAnakara jana-jana taka pahu~cAne ke lie pratIkAtmaka rUpa se 'mUkamATI' kAvya ke pAtroM ke mAdhyama se apane bhAvoM ko vyakta karane kA sAdhana banAyA hai, kyoMki isa kAvya ke nAyaka-nAyikA aura anya sabhI pAtroM ne apane-apane kriyAkalApoM se jisa prakAra kSamA, sahanazIlatA aura vaira Adi bhAva azAnta - adhogati kA vinAzakArI pariNAma to ziSTatA, vinamratA kA zAnta - UrdhvagAmI patha prastuta kiyA hai| usameM hameM kyA grahaNa karanA cAhie, tathA hamAre jIvana kA kyA lakSya hai, isa dRSTi se dekhane aura vicAra karane ke lie hama para chor3a diyA hai| jabaki pracchanna rUpa se darzana tattva vivecana hI pUre kAvya meM yatra-tatra sarvatra bikharA par3A hai, jisako AvazyakatA ho, khoja le aura jIvana meM apanAkara dhanya ho jAya / darzana tattva ke kucha namUne :
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________________ 222 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA O O O O O prakRti citraNa ko kahanA kyA! apanI komalakAnta padAvalI ke lie prasiddha prakRti ke catura citere kavivara sumitrAnandana panta bhI mAta khA jA rahe haiM isa santa kavi kI adbhuta medhA ke samakSa prastuta hai prakRti citraNa, zilpI ke komala sparza kA anubhava 'mATI' dvArA : O "AsthA ke binA AcaraNa meM / Ananda AtA nahIM, A sakatA nahIM / phira,/ AsthAvAlI sakriyatA hI/niSThA kahalAtI hai / " (pR. 120 ) 'A~khoM kI pakar3a meM AzA A sakatI hai / parantu AsthA kA darzana AsthA se hI sambhava hai / na A~khoM se, na AzA se / " (pR. 121 ) "jJAna kA padArtha kI ora/ Dhulaka jAnA hI / parama Arta pIr3A hai, /aura jJAna meM padArthoM kA/jhalaka AnA hI - / paramArtha krIr3A hai|" (pR. 124) " puruSa kI piTAI prakRti ne kI, / prakArAntara se cetana bhI usakI capeTa meM AyA / /guNI ke Upara coTa karane para guNoM para prabhAva par3atA hI hai / " (pR. 125 ) " "tana zAsita hI ho / kisI kA bhI vaha zAsaka - niyantA na ho, / bhogya hone se ! aura/sarve-sarvA zAsaka ho puruSa / guNoM kA samUha guNI, saMvedaka bhoktA hone se !" (pR. 125 - 126) O 'makhamala mArdava kA mAna / maramiTA-sA lagA / / Amra-maMjula - maMjarI komalatama koMpaloM kI masRNatA/bhUla cukI apanI asmitA yahA~ para, apane upahAsa ko sahana nahIM karatI/ lajjA ke ghU~ghaTa meM chupI jA rahI hai, / aura kucha-kucha kopavatI ho AI hai, / anyathA / usakI bAharI - patalI tvacA halakI raktaraMjitA lAla kyoM hai ?/ mATI kI mRdutA, moma kI mA~ cupa raha na sakI / " (pR. 127 ) " lacakatI latikA kI mRdutA / pakva phaloM kI madhutA / kidhara gaIM saba ye ? vaha manda sugandha pavana kA bahAva, / halakA-sA jhoMkA vaha 44 phala-dala dolAyana kahA~ ? / phUloM kI muskAna, pala-pala patroM kI karatala - tAliyA~ / zruti- madhura zrAvya madhUpajIvI ali-dala guMjana kahA~ ?/ zIta-latA kI chuvana chupI pIta-latA kI palita chavi bhI / pala bhara bhI palI nahIM jalI, calI gaI kahA~, patA na calA / " (pR. 179 ) anuprAsa kI chaTA samUce kAvya para laharA rahI hai| kahAvata kA eka namUnA : " eka kahAvata kaha DAlI / kahakahAhaTa ke sAtha'AdhA bhojana kIjie / duguNA pAnI pIva / tiguNA zrama cauguNI ha~sI / varSa savA sau jIva' !'' (pR. 133)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 223 kabhI-kabhI tattva darzana aura prAsaMgika prakaraNa itanA ramA detA hai ki kumbha : aura kumbhakAra kI sAdhanA - yAtrA vismRta-sI ho jAtI hai, kyoMki prasaMgavaza Ane vAle prakaraNa bar3e hI rocaka aura zikSAprada haiN| to hama kyoM na kahaiM ki cAhe mUla kathAkrama se, cAhe prAsaMgika carcAoM se aura cAhe tattva nirUpaNa tathA tattva darzana dRSTi se, hara vidhi aura hara DhaMga se santa kavi AcAryajI ne akSara-akSara aura zabda - zabda meM bhara diyA hai, jo laukika jIvana kI upayogitA ke sAtha hI pAralaukika jIvana ke sudhAra ke prati saceta aura sAvadhAna karatA rahatA hai| 9-99 kA cakkara, 63- 36 aura 363 kA sUkSma vivaraNa kitanA tarkasaMgata aura saTIka hai, jo kavi ke vyAvahArika jIvana ke sAtha hI gaNita zAstra para adhikAra kA dyotaka hai / yaha prakhara tArkika hone ke sAtha prabala niSThAvAn-AsthAvAn kI kSamatA, kalAkAra kI adbhuta zakti kA paricAyaka hai / AsthA vizvAsa kA mUla hai jo santoSa aura Ananda kA zAzvata srota hai| tarka, tarka se kaTatA hai / AsthA, AsthA se jur3atI hai| eka se virodha utpanna hotA hai to dUsare se sahayoga aura sneha / kahAvata : "Amada kama kharcA jyAdA / lakSaNa hai miTa jAne kA kUbata kama gussA jyAdA / lakSaNa hai piTa jAne kA / " (pR. 135) nirguNa-saguNa kI jhalaka : 'tana milatA hai tana-dhArI ko /surUpa yA kurUpa, /surUpa vAlA rUpa meM aura nikhAra kurUpa vAlA rUpa meM sudhAra / lAne kA prayAsa karatA hai AbharaNa- - AbhUSaNoM zrRMgAroM se // parantu / jise rUpa kI pyAsa nahIM hai, arUpa kI Asa lagI ho/ use kyA prayojana jar3a zRMgAroM se !" (pR. 139) saMkSipta rUpa meM santa dvArA nyAyamUrti ke samAna rasa kA nirNaya : 66 'karuNA - rasa use mAnA hai, jo / kaThinatama pASANa ko bhI / moma banA detA hai, vAtsalya kA bAnA hai / jaghanatama nAdAna ko bhI / soma banA detA hai / kintu, yaha laukika / camatkAra kI bAta huI, / zAnta-rasa kA kyA kaheM, saMyama-rata dhImAna ko hI / 'om' banA detA hai / ...saba rasoM kA anta honA hI - / zAnta - rasa hai / " (pR. 159-160) bhAvAtmaka dRSTi se karuNa aura zAnta rasa kI vivecanA : "isa karuNA kA svAda /kina zabdoM meM kahU~ !/ gara yakIna ho namakIna A~suoM kA / svAda hai vaha ! / isIlie / karuNA rasa meM zAnta-rasa kA antarbhAva mAnanA / bar3I bhUla hai / uchalatI huI upayoga kI pariNati vaha / karuNA hai / nahara kI bhA~ti ! aura / ujalI-sI upayoga kI pariNati vaha / zAnta rasa hai / nadI kI bhA~ti ! nahara kheta meM jAtI hai/ dAha ko miTAkara / sUkha pAtI hai, aura nadI sAgara ko jAtI hai/ rAha ko miTAkara / sukha pAtI hai /
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________________ 224 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ...karuNA tarala hai, bahatI hai/para se prabhAvita hotI jhtt-sii| zAnta-rasa kisI bahAva meM/bahatA nahIM kabhI/jamAnA palaTane para bhI jamA rahatA hai apane sthAna pr|" (pR. 155-157) vivecanA kitanI sUkSma aura painI hai / eka nahara-sI hai evaM dUsarI nadI-sI / eka kheta meM jAtI hai to dUsarI sAgara meN| eka tAtkAlika dAha ko miTAkara sUkha jAtI hai to dUsarI rAha ko miTAkara arthAt lIka chor3akara navIna patha kA nirmANa kara sukha kA anubhava karatI hai / karuNA tarala hai, para-hita meM dUsare kI pIr3A se dravaNazIla ho jAtI hai jabaki zAnta rasa para bAhya prabhAva sparza taka nahIM kara paataa| yuga-prabhAva badalane para bhI usameM badalAva nahIM aataa| vaha apane sthAna para sudRr3ha aura sthira-avicala banA rahatA hai| kAvya meM prasaMgAnusAra Ananda kI harSAtireka avasthA hI rasa ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| aura nau rasoM meM karuNa tathA zAnta rasa kA vivecana evaM kitane saTIka udAharaNoM se diyA gayA hai / nahara aura nadI se baccA-baccA paricita hai| kintu bhAvAtireka bodhaka rasoM ke nAma para itanI painI aura sUkSma dRSTi daur3Ate hue unake Abhyantara guNoM se sAmya rakhane vAle prakRti nadI-nAle-nahara se tulanA karake pAThaka ko saMzliSTa rUpa se bhAvoM kA citraNa karake sahaja rUpa meM bodhagamya karA denA adbhuta kAvya kSamatA kA paricAyaka hai| aisA lagatA hai ki nitya kI dekhI jAne vAlI tathA sAdhAraNasI lagane vAlI vastuoM meM bhI jo guNa-rUpa adRzya rUpa meM nihita hai use bAhya cakSu se nahIM dekhA jA sktaa| usake lie jJAna cakSu yA divya dRSTi kI AvazyakatA hotI hai jo sAdhanA ke dhanI tathA siddha santoM ko hI sulabha hotI hai / jisameM pratibhA hai vahI sakSama hotA hai| kahAvata hai : "jahA~ na pahu~ce ravi, vahA~ pahu~ce kvi|" isI prakAra siMha aura zvAna kA udAharaNa dekhate hI banatA hai| siMha svAbhimAnI aura sahaja hI svatantratA priya svabhAva kA pratIka hai jabaki zvAna dAsa prakRti kA, lolupa evaM svArthI prakRti kA hai| siMha kabhI bhI binA garjanA kie arthAt binA sAvadhAna aura saceta kie kabhI kisI para AkramaNa nahIM karatA, aura cupake se pIche se AkramaNa karanA usake svabhAva ke viparIta hai| vaha maryAdA, zAna, sammAna aura gaurava kA pratIka hai| zakti meM atulanIya to hai hii| usake kSetra meM anya jIvoM ko koI dUsarA satA nahIM sakatA / zvAna svAmI ke Tukar3e para nirbhara karatA hai / isIlie pIche-pIche vinIta bhAva se duma hilAtA calatA hai| kabhI-kabhI anAvazyaka bhI bhuMkatA hai / zvAna svatantratA kA mUlya nahIM smjhtaa| jaMjIra se bA~dhA, ghumAyA jAtA hai / apanI jAti ko hI dekhakara gurrAtA hai| bhUkha miTAne ke lie akhAdya vastuoM ko bhI khAtA hai, jo ghRNita aura tyAjya haiN| kucha na milane para apanI santAna ko hI khA jAtA hai| jabaki siMha apanI jAti vAloM se milakara rahatA hai| piMjar3e meM kabhI banda ho jAne para bhI pU~cha Upara kara svatantra rUpa se rahatA hai| siMha vivekI hotA hai| apane mArane vAle para hI vAra karatA hai aura nizcita karatA hai / zvAna mAraka para vAra na kara mArane vAle sAdhana rUpa IMTa-patthara Adi ko hI pakar3atA hai| isI prakAra 'hI' aura 'bhI' akSara ko lekara vivecanA kI gaI hai| 'hI' ahaMkAra kA dyotaka hai aura 'bhI' aneka kA, samudAya kA bodhaka hai / dekhie : "'hI' dekhatA hai hIna dRSTi se para ko/'bhI' dekhatA hai samIcIna dRSTi se saba ko, 'hI' vastu kI zakla ko hI pakar3atA hai, 'bhI' vastu ke bhItarI-bhAga ko bhI chUtA hai, 'hI' pazcimI-sabhyatA hai/'bhI' hai bhAratIya saMskRti, bhaagy-vidhaataa|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 225 rAvaNa thA 'hI' kA upAsaka / rAma ke bhItara 'bhI' baiThA thA / / yahI kAraNa ki rAma upAsya hue, haiM, raheMge Age bhI / / 'bhI' ke Asa-pAsa bar3hatI-sI bhIr3a lagatI avazya, / kintu bhIr3a nahIM, / 'bhI' lokatantra kI rIr3ha haiM / ... sadvicAra sadAcAra ke bIja / 'bhI' meM haiM, 'hI' meM nahIM / " (pR. 173) khaNDa-tIna : 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa- prakSAlana' : 'mATI" ko mukhya AdhArazilA mAnakara kAvya kA itanA AkarSaka mahala khar3A karanA, jo eka patha pradarzaka rUpa meM samAja ke sAmane navIna jyoti puMja - sA aDiga khar3A hai, sAdhuvAda kI apekSA karatA hai / vaha kavi kI bAra-bAra sRjana dRSTi kI ora AkarSita karatA hai| isa tathya para ki mATI ke uparila rUpa ko to sabhI dekhate haiM, kintu usake saMskAra kI gaharAI taka praviSTa karanA adbhuta kSamatA evaM darzana mizrita zodhaka dRSTi kA kArya hai / phira usa pUta vicAra ke dvArA kabhI tarka to kabhI AsthA dvArA isa niSkarSa taka pahu~cane kA lakSya parilakSita huA hai ki vaha samAja ke hara varNa evaM varga ko saMvedanazIla cetAvanI detA huA samAjopayogI hai| Adhunika pariveza meM samAja ke manobhAvoM ko prakArAntara se atyanta suspaSTa kara diyA hai / yaha kAvya prAMjala bhASA kA puMja hai| sUktiyoM, muhAvaroM aura kahAvatoM kA isameM sundara, saTIka prayoga huA hai| inake saphala prayoga se kAvya kI prANavattA bar3hI hai / jaise : O 0 "bAyeM hiraNa / dAyeM jAya - / laMkA jIta / rAma ghara aay|" (pR. 25) " jaba suI se kAma cala sakatA hai / talavAra kA prahAra kyoM ?" (pR. 257) I isa tIsare khaNDa meM pApakarma kA pratIka sAgara aura puNya kI pratIka dharatI hai| sAgara pralaya ke mAdhyama se zItalatA kA lobha dekara use lUTatA rahatA hai / dharatI ke vaibhava ko bahA - bahAkara apane bhItara ikaTThA kara ratnAkara kahalAtA hai / jala to jar3a hotA hI hai, ata: apanI jar3atA kA kyoM na paricaya de ? jabaki apane prati durvyavahAra hone para bhI dharatI kabhI pratikAra kI bhAvanA mana meM nahIM lAtI hai / isIlie isakI sahanazIlatA prasiddha hai| dharatI kA sA santoM kA bhI svabhAva hotA hai / unakI mAnyatA hai ki sahanazakti ke bala para sarvasva pAyA jA sakatA hai : 1 "jaba kabhI dharA para pralaya huA/ yaha zreya jAtA hai kevala jala ko dharatI ko zItalatA kA lobha de / ise lUTA hai, /... aura vaha jala ratnAkara banA hai - / bahA - bahA kara / dharatI ke vaibhava ko le gayA hai ...para-sampadA haraNa kara saMgraha karanA / ... yaha ati nimna koTi kA karma hai ... jaladhi ne jar3a-dhI kA, / buddhi-hInatA kA, paricaya diyA hai apane nAma ko sArthaka banAyA hai / / apane sAtha durvyavahAra hone para bhI pratikAra nahIM karane kA / saMkalpa liyA hai dharatI ne, isIlie to dharatI / sarvaM - sahA kahalAtI hai / sarva-svAhA nahIM aura / sarvaM - sahA honA hI / sarvasva ko pAnA hai jIvana meM santoM kA patha yahI gAtA hai|" (pR. 189-190) santoM ke lie dharatI kA - sA sarvaMsahA hone kA svabhAva honA to ThIka hai, kintu gRhastha Azrama jo rIr3ha hai, usake lie sarvaMsahA kI vRtti kAyaratA, palAyanavAditA kI bodhaka hokara anyathA rUpa samajhI jAtI hai| dekhie, isI
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________________ 226 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA dhi kI jar3atA para maryAdA puruSottama zrI rAma ko bANa chor3anA hI par3A / samudra kI jar3atA ne aisA karane ke lie unheM vivaza kara diyA thaa| anta meM samudra vinayapUrvaka zrI rAma ke samakSa prastuta hotA hai aura unakI icchAnusAra kArya karane ko saharSa taiyAra ho jAtA hai / 'rAmacarita mAnasa' ke 'sundara kANDa' meM gosvAmI tulasIdAsa likhate haiM : D O " vinaya na mAnata jaladhi jar3a, gaye tIna dina bIti / bole rAma sakopa taba, bhaya bina hoMhiM na prIti // " "asa kahi raghupati cApa cddh'aavaa...| saMdhAne prabha bisikha karAlA, uThI udadhi ura aMtara jvAlA / " " samaya sindhu gahi pada prabhu kere / chamahu nAtha saba avaguna mere I "" O isa prakAra sarvaM-sahA hone kA svabhAva santa svabhAva ke lie hI upayukta hai / usa stara taka jAne para gRhastha kI maryAdA aura usakA sammAna tar3apa uThegA / isa khaNDa meM kavi ne prabhAkara dvArA strI jAti ke bhIru svabhAva evaM usakI vivazatA tathA kucha paruSa puruSa dvArA kie gae atyAcAroM kA saMketa kiyA hai| yaha strI samAja ke sudhAra kI bhAvanA hai jo kavi kI bahumukhI dRSTi kI dyotaka hai / yaha jAti kitanI dayAlu hotI hai| yaha dayA, kAraNavaza nahIM, apitu sahaja-svAbhAvika hai : " strI - jAti kI kaI vizeSatAe~ haiM/ jo Adarza rUpa haiM puruSa ke sammukha / pratipala paratantra ho kara bhI / pApa kI pAlar3I bhArI nahIM par3atI / pala-bhara bhI ! inameM, pApa-bhIrutA palatI rahatI hai / anyathA, /striyoM kA nAma 'bhIru' kyoM par3A ? prAya: puruSoM se bAdhya ho kara hI / kupatha para calanA par3atA hai striyoM ko / parantu, kupatha- supatha kI parakha karane meM / pratiSThA pAI hai strI-samAja ne / ... inakA sArthaka nAma hai 'nArI' / yAnI - / 'na ari' nArI / athavA ye ArI nahIM haiM / sonArI *** jo / maha yAnI maMgalamaya mAhaula, / mahotsava jIvana meM lAtI hai 'mahilA' kahalAtI vaha / /... puruSa ko rAstA batAtI hai / sahI-sahI gantavya kA... abalA ke abhAva meM/ sabala puruSa bhI nirbala banatA hai samasta saMsAra hI, phira, / samasyA-samUha siddha hotA hai, ... dharma, artha aura kAma puruSArthoM se / gRhastha jIvana zobhA pAtA hai . puruSa kI vAsanA saMyata ho, / aura / puruSa kI upAsanA saMgata ho, basa, isI prayojanavaza / vaha garbha dhAraNa karatI hai| saMgraha-vRtti aura apavyaya - roga se / puruSa ko bacAtI hai sadA, arjita - artha kA samucita vitaraNa karake / / dAna-pUjA - sevA Adika satkarmoM ko, gRhastha dharmoM ko / sahayoga de, puruSa se karA kara dharma - paramparA kI rakSA karatI hai / " (pR. 201 - 205 ) nArI, mahilA, abalA, strI, sutA, duhitA Adi zabdoM para zodhaparaka khoja AkarSaka hai| nArI pakSa itanA ujjvala citrita hai, jo anyatra durlabha hai / kumbhakAra dvArA mukta hasta se muktA kA dAna, puNya vRtti kA dyotaka hai, kyoMki
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 227 puNya pAlana meM pApa-prakSAlana hogA hI / isa prakAra tIsare khaNDa kA zIrSaka caritArtha ho jAtA hai| kucha sthala apane meM itane AkarSaka haiM ki haThAt pAThaka ko roka lete haiN| jaise nimna paMktiyoM meM saMgIta kA-sA Ananda chipA hai, jo kavi ke zabda cayana aura usake ucitAnucita prayoga ke sahaja adhikAra kA dyotaka hai : "dAna-karma meM lInA/dayA-dharma-pravINA/vINA-vinItA-sI banI..! rAga-raMga-tyAginI/virAga-saMga-bhAvinI saralA-taralA marAlI-sI banI !" (pR. 208) zabda-zilpa kA eka aura namUnA : 0 "uparila dehilatA jhilamilAI/nicalI snehilatA se mila aaii|" (pR. 209) 0 "chala kA dila chila gayA/saba kucha nizchala ho gyaa|" (pR. 210) kumbhakAra kA citraNa parizrama kA dyotaka hai / kumbhakAra kaThina parizrama kA pratIka-sA hai| usake kaThina parizrama ke phalasvarUpa A~gana meM motiyoM kI varSA hotI hai| vaha bhI usakI anupasthiti meM / lolupa rAjA muktA ko boriyoM meM bharavAne lagatA hai / yaha usakI anadhikAra ceSTA hai / tabhI to AkAzavANI hotI hai : "gagana meM guru gambhIra garjanA :/anartha anartha 'anartha ! pApa''pApa''pApa'!/ kyA kara rahe Apa..?/parizrama karo pasInA bahAo/bAhubala milA hai tumheM/karo puruSArtha sahI puruSa kI pahacAna karo sahI,/parizrama ke binA tuma navanIta kA golA nigalo bhale hI,/kabhI pacegA nahIM vaha pratyuta, jIvana ko khatarA hai !/para-kAminI, vaha jananI ho, para-dhana kaMcana kI giTTI bhI/miTTI ho, sajjana kI dRSTi meM!/hAya re ! samagra saMsAra-sRSTi meM/aba ziSTatA kahA~ hai vaha ? avaziSTatA duSTatA kI rahI mAtra!" (pR. 211-212) ukta kathana ke pIche pracchanna rUpa se sattA mada meM cUra, adhikAriyoM kI lolupatA, barbaratA, niSThuratA, vyabhicAritA evaM amAnuSIya duSkarmatA kA citraNa hai / ise gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ne bhI kaliyuga ke mAdhyama se darzAyA hai| kumbhakAra parizrama kA pratIka to thA hI, sAtha hI santa kavi ne use virakti kA bhI pratIka siddha kara diyaa| jisa prakAra tathAgata' ko khA~sate hue durbala, vRddha aura isa sundara zarIra ke zava rUpa ko dekhakara saMsAra se virakti ho gaI, vaise kumbhakAra ko apane maMgalamaya A~gana meM ghora bhautikavAdI vRtti kA daMgala dekhakara usake antastala meM vismaya, viSAda aura virati kI bhAvanA jaga gaI / apane A~gana meM anAyAsa, akAraNa vizAla jana-samUha ko dekhakara use vismaya huaa| rAja maNDalI ko mUrcchita aura rAjA ko kIlita-stambhita dekha vismaya aura 'strI' aura 'zrI' ke pAza meM pha~se bhayAvaha duHkha se AjIvana dukhI dekhakara virakti kA bhAva jagA / prakArAntara se kavi ne anubhUta satya ko siddha kara diyA ki sadAzaya vAlA parizramI hI bhautikatA ke AkarSaNa ko tinakA-sA tyAgakara virAga ke mAdhyama se mAnava jIvana ke carama lakSya 'mokSa' taka ko prApta kara sakatA hai, kyoMki usakA citta sahaja hI sarala aura dayAlu hotA hai / kumbhakAra kitanA vinayazIla hai ki usa rAjA se ulTe kSamA-yAcanA karatA hai, jo dasyuvRtti se prerita usake A~gana se motiyoM kA Dhera lUTa
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________________ 228 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA rahA thaa| vaha muktA rAzi ko svayaM apane hAthoM se boriyoM meM bhara kara rAjA ko sauMpatA hai| rAjA ke mukha se nikala par3A : "satya-dharma kI jaya ho !/satya-dharma kI jaya ho !!" (pR. 216) apakva kumbha bhI rAjA ko atyadhika arthalolupa dekha bhartsanA karatA hai / kumbha ke vyaMgyAtmaka vacanoM se rAjA kA sira lajjA, roSa aura cintA se jhuka gyaa| rAjA kI vyathA dekha kumbhakAra ne kumbha ko saMketa se varjita kiyA aura kahA laghu hokara bhUlakara bhI gurujanoM ko pravacana nahIM denA caahie| unase guNa grahaNa karanA cAhie, jo zivatva kA sUcaka hotA hai / kumbhakAra kI sulajhI bAtoM se rAjA kA krodha, jo kumbha ke prati thA, zAnta ho gayA : "kumbha ko samajhAte kumbhakAra kI bAtoM se/rAjA kI mati kA uphAnauddIpana utaratA-sA gayA,/asta-vyasta-sI sthiti/aba pUrI svastha-zAnta huI dekha / " (pR. 219-220) boriyoM meM bharI motiyA~ rAjA kI lolupatA kA upahAsa-sI karatI kahatI haiM : "he rAjana!/padAnukUla hai, svIkAra karo ise / " (pR. 220) isa prakAra kumbhakAra kI dAnavIratA se dharatI kI kIrti aura dhavalita ho rahI hai, jise dekha sAgara IrSyA karatA hai aura badaliyoM ko bhejatA hai / vaha kahatA hai ki varSA ke pravAha meM kumbha ko miTTI rUpa meM badalakara bahA le jAo tAki vaha astitvahIna ho jaae| kintu badalI sAgara nahIM thI / vaha sAgara ke vASpa rUpa se parivartita hokara badalI ke rUpa meM thii| vaha prazikSita hokara mIThe jala kI varSA karane vAlI thii| usane muktA kI varSA kara dharatI ke yaza ko aura bar3hA diyA, jisase sAgara kI icchA ke viparIta dharatI kA gaurava aura hI bar3hA / taba sAgara aura kSubdha huA aura dharatI para krodha utArane ke sAtha hI samasta strI jAti kI kaTu AlocanA karane lgaa| use nindanIya siddha karane kA pravacana diyA / sAgara kI dharatI ke prati akAraNa kSubdhatA prabhAkara ko sahana na ho sakI aura usane sAgara ke tala meM nivAsa karane vAle teja tattva ke pratIka bar3avAnala ko ubuddha kiyA, jo bhayaMkara rUpa meM khaulane lgaa| aura usane khAre sAgara ko kSaNa bhara meM pI DAlane kI lalakAra bharI cunautI dii| sAgara vyaMgya kasatA huA, vacana cAturI rUpI bANoM kA saTIka sandhAna karatA hai| yaha mAnA ki sAgara eka kuzala kUTanItijJa hai, jaise AcArya kezava kI 'rAmacandrikA' meM aMgada-rAvaNa saMvAda meM saTIka, tarkayukta, vAgvaidagdhya pUrNa pratyutpanna mati kA karizmA dekhate hI banatA hai, vaise hI sAgara samarthaka bAdala sUrya ko saTIka tarkoM se samajhAtA hai: "are khara prabhAkara, suna !/bhale hI gaganamaNi kahalAtA hai tU, saura-maNDala devatA-graha-/graha-gaNoM meM agra tujhameM vyagratA kI sImA dikhatI hai/are ugraziromaNi ! terA vigraha 'yAnI-/deha-dhAraNa karanA vRthA hai |/kaarnn, kahA~ hai tere pAsa vizrAma-gRha ?/tabhI to/dina bhara dIna-hIna-sA dara-dara bhaTakatA rahatA hai !/phira bhI/kyA samajha kara sAhasa karatA hai sAgara ke sAtha vigraha-saMgharSa hetu ?/are, aba to sAgara kA pakSa grahaNa kara le,/kara le anugraha apane para,/aura,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 229 sukha-zAnti - yaza kA saMgraha kara ! / avasara hai, / avasara se kAma le aba, sara se kAma le ! / aba to chor3a de ulaTI dhuna / " (pR. 231) prabhAkara ko nAnAvidha samajhAne ke uparAnta na mAnane kI sthiti meM use grahaNa lagane kI dhamakI detA hai aura kahatA hai rAhu ke grasa lene para tuma niSprabha, nisteja hokara, kitane dIna-hIna aura vicArA banoge, usa sthiti ko soca lo| isa bhayAvaha dhamakI se yadyapi dasoM dizAe~ bhayabhIta ho jAtI haiM kintu taba bhI sUryadeva apane sthAna para aDiga haiM / avicalita haiM / nirbhaya hokara kahate haiM- 'are Thago ! khaNDita jIvana jIne vAle ! pAkhaNDI ! rahasya kI bAta samajhane meM abhI tumheM samaya lagegA / mAnatA hU~ ki bhaya kA avasara bhayabhIta karatA hai / bhI bhayabhIta ho sakatA hU~ kintu isase kyA nyAya pakSa chor3A jAtA hai ? kabhI nahIM / are vikaTa paristhiti meM andhA hI nahIM, A~kha vAlA bhI bhayabhIta hotA hai parama saghana andhakAra se| jIvana meM jaTila aura vikaTa paristhitiyA~ AtI haiM, phira bhI nyAyocita mArga para calanA hI uttama hotA hai / ' bAdala ko sambodhita kara kahate haiM : 1 " hiMsA kI hiMsA karanA hI / ahiMsA kI pUjA hai prazaMsA, .. aura / hiMsaka kI hiMsA yA / pUjA / niyama se / ahiMsA kI hatyA hai "nRzaMsA / dhI- ra -ratA hI vRtti vaha / dharatI kI dhIratA hai / aura kAyaratA hI vRtti vaha / jaladhi kI kAyaratA hai / " (pR. 233) prabhAkara dvArA jama kara mahI kI mUrdhanyatA kI sarAhanA aura jaladhi kI jaghanyatA kI nindA kI jAtI hai / bAdaloM ko bhasma karane hetu kaTibaddha prabhAkara ko dekhakara sAgara rAhu ko yAda karatA hai aura nivedana karate hue kahatA hai ki prabhAkara pRthvI se prabhAvita hai, usakI sevA meM nirata hai| rAhu kI prazaMsA kA pula bA~dhate hue use mRgarAja aura viSadhara nAga kI upamA dekara prabhAkara kI mRga aura meNDhaka se tulanA karatA hai| rAhu ko, manacAhI mu~ha mA~gI apAra dhanarAzi utkoca rUpa meM bheMTa svarUpa dene ke lie pralobhana detA hai / asaMkhya anaginata hIraka motI - mU~gA kI rAzi pAkara rAhu ne apanA ghara bhara diyA kintu yaha rAzi anudyama se prApta hai / isa viSa - viSama pApa nidhi se rAhu kA mastiSka vikRta ho gayA, vaha kAlA par3a gayA / sukRta kSINa ho gyaa| pApamUrti-sA sparzyahIna ho gyaa| kahAvata hai guravela (guruca) to kar3avI hI hotI hai, use nIma kA sahArA mila gayA to phira kyA pUchanA ! usakI kar3avAhaTa meM cAra cA~da laga gyaa| rAhu kA sA semela ho gayA - vicAroM kI samAnatA se / donoM hI para - pIr3A meM Ananda lene vAle haiN| dina-rAta donoM pralaya hI dekhate haiN| aisA kusaMskAra hai unakA / anta meM rAhu sUrya ko sampUrNa nigala gyaa| cAroM tarapha hAhAkAra macA / dizAoM kI dazA badala gaI, udAsI chA gaI / cetana-acetana, jar3a-jaMgama sabhI prakAza ke abhAva meM prabhAkara ke viraha meM vyathita haiM, vikala haiN| pakSI dala kA saMkalpa dekhie- - jaba taka sUryagrahaNa kA saMkaTa nahIM TalatA, taba taka unake bhojana - pAna tyAjya hai, AhAra-vihAra tyAjya hai, dharatI sUrya-kaSTa se tar3apa rahI hai| usakI vedanA asIma hai| kyoM na asIma ho, kyoMki dharatI ko akAraNa sAgara dvArA pIr3ita karane kI bAta sUrya ko sahya na ho sakI thI, aura usane apane prakhara teja pratApa se sAgara ko vicalita kara diyA / tabhI to sAgara kupita huA hai| badalI aura bAdala ke mAdhyama se jaba sUrya ko parAbhUta na kara sakA taba akora ke mAdhyama se rAhu ko paTAyA aura grahaNa dvArA sUrya ko vikala kiyaa| usakI isa nimnastarIya bhAvanA se prANimAtra du:khI hue| bAdaloM ke atyAcAra se devarAja indra bhI kupita hue aura gupta rUpa se kArya karane lage : - " isa avasara para indra bhI / avatarita huA, amaroM kA Iza / ...mahApuruSa prakAza meM nahIM Ate / AnA bhI nahIM cAhate,
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________________ 230 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA prakAza-pradAna meM hI/unheM rasa AtA hai|" (pR. 244-245) indra kA pauruSa jAgA hai| ve kAna taka dhanuSa tAnakara nirantara chor3a rahe haiN| "chide jA rahe, bhide jA rahe,/vidrUpa-vidIrNa ho rahe haiM bAdala-daloM ke badana sb|" (pR. 246) sAgara phira jala bhare bAdaloM ko bhejatA hai jo bijalI kA utpAdana kara sabakI A~kheM banda kara rahA hai / sadA apalaka rahane vAle indra kI A~kheM bhI bAra-bAra palakeM mArane lgiiN| tabhI indra ne Aveza meM Akara amogha astra - vajra nikAla kara bAdaloM para pheMka diyA / vajrAghAta se Ahata bAdala Aha kara uThe / meghoM kA ronA apazakuna siddha huA sAgara ke lie: "sAgara ne phira se preSita kiye/jala-bhare labAlaba bAdala-dala, ...bAdaloM ne bijalI kA utpAdana kiyA,/krodha se bharI bijalI kauMdhane lagI saba kI A~kheM aisI banda ho gaIM/...indra kI A~kheM bhI bAra-bAra palaka mArane lgiiN|/tbhii indra ne Aveza meM A kara amogha astra vajra nikAla kara/bAdaloM para pheMka diyaa| ...Aga-ugalatI bijalI kI A~khoM meM/bhUri-bhUri dhUli-kaNa ghusa-ghusa kara/duHsaha duHkha dene lge|" (pR. 246-247) taba sAgara ne puna: bAdaloM ko sUcita kiyA ki indra ke amogha astra-vajra ke jabAba meM rAmabANa se kAma lo / ITa kA jabAba patthara se do / olA aura patthara kI varSA kro| ole aura bhU-kaNoM ke Takkara meM oloM ko parAjaya kA mukha dekhanA par3A: "jahA~ taka hAra-jIta kI bAta hai-/bhU-kaNoM kI jIta ho cukI hai aura/bAdaloM-oloM ke gale meM/hAra kA hAra laTaka rahA hai ...bhUkhe bhU-kaNoM kA sAhasa adbhuta hai,/tyAga-tapasyA anUThI ! janma-bhUmi kI lAja/mA~-pRthivI kI pratiSThA/dRr3ha niSThA ke binA Tika nahIM sakatI,/ruka nahIM sakatI yahA~ / " (pR. 252) yahA~ bhU-kaNoM se tAtparya bhU-kaNoM se nirmita jIva arthAt zilpI, jo mA~ pRthvI kI pratiSThA aura gauravazAlI yaza ko unnata dekhane ke lie kitanA zrama, kaSTa aura asahya vedanA saha kara bhI mauna, zAnta banA rahatA hai| usakI vedanAjanya vikalatA vaha svayaM jAne yA mA~ (dharatI) jAne / yaha ThIka hI kahA gayA hai ki "dukhiyA kA duHkha dukhiyA jAne yA dukhiyA kI mAya / " vaha kisI bAta kI mA~ga nahIM karatA / isakA yaha matalaba nahIM ki use abhAva nahIM hai, pIr3A nahIM hai, hai; kintu sahanazakti mAtRpakSa dharatI se milI hai| isalie vaha vyakta nahIM karatA / nirantara kaI dina zilpI ko na dekhakara usakI prema bharI manda-muskAna, lAr3a-pyAra kI bAta, gAta para komala kara-pallavoM kA sahalAva, zItala salila kA snehila siMcana smRti kA viSaya banakara jhalaka AyA / dUra prAMgaNa meM yoga-bhakti meM nimagna zilpI dikhAI diyaa| gulAba kA paudhA svAmI ke saMkaTa ko dekhakara, vaha saMkaTa para hI barasa par3A aura kahatA hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 231 "are saMkaTa !/ hRdaya-zUnya chalI kahIM kA ! / kaMTaka bana mata bicha jA ! nirIha - nirdoSa-nizchala / nIrAga pathikoM ke patha para !" (pR. 256) yaha hai gulAba kI svAmi-bhakti kA Adarza rUpa / isI prakAra, sUryakAnta tripAThI 'nirAlA' kRta 'rAma kI zakti - pUjA' meM pavana suta hanumAna ne jaba yaha jAnA ki rAvaNa ke pakSa meM bhagavatI mahAmAyA ke hone se rAma raNakSetra meM viphala ho rahe haiM, aura vaha pUre AkAza meM vyApta hai, taba jJAniyoM meM agragaNya hanumAna ne svata: nirNaya le liyA mahAmAyA ko nigala jAne kA / aura itanI tIvragati se AkAza meM mahAmAyA ko DhU~Dhane lage ki unake balavatI vega kI sanasanAhaTa aura haraharAhaTa se kailAsa para samAdhistha zaMkara kA dhyAna TUTa gayA aura sArA rahasya bhI jJAta ho gyaa| taba zaMkarajI ne hI mahAmAyA ko saMketa kiyA ki Aja apane bacane kA upAya soca lo, anyathA prabhu zrI rAma kI bhakti hanumAn ke rUpa meM sAkAra ho gaI hai, aura vaha Aja tumheM nigala sakatA hai aura maiM kucha nahIM kara sktaa| taba mahAmAyA ne mAtA aMjanI kA rUpa dhara liyA aura apane ko isa rUpa meM bacAte hue mA~ aMjanI rUpa meM hanumAna ko DA~Ta phaTakAra kara rAma kI sevA meM turanta vApisa bhejaa| yaha bhakti bhAvanA apane usa caramotkarSa rUpa meM hai jisa Adarza taka pahu~canA asambhava-sA hai| khaNDa cAra : 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' : isa khaNDa meM bar3A hI mArmika, hRdayadrAvaka, saMvedanazIla citra prastuta hai, jisameM pUre kAvya kA sAra tattva nihita hai / mA~ dharatI, beTI 'mATI' kI AjJAkAritA para parama santuSTa hai / eka choTe se parivAra meM, jahA~ mA~ aura beTI hI ho, nAz2a aura lAr3a-pyAra se palI beTI ko sayAnI hone para mA~, jisa taraha apane kaleje ke Tukar3e ko vadhU rUpa meM vara ko sauMpa detI hai, aba yaha 'vara' para nirbhara hai ki vaha usake sAtha kyA salUka karegA ? use pyAra aura sukha milegA athavA tAr3anA yA duHkha yA donoM hI / kyA jAne kyA hogA, bhAgya-vidhAtA jaane| isI taraha dharatI ne mATI ko kumbhakAra ko sauMpa diyaa| yaha jor3A adbhuta hai| ise AjIvana sAdhanA kI kasauTI para calanA pdd'aa| mArga kaNTakAkIrNa rahA / kintu yaha saba to bAhara se dekhane vAle ko thA / loga unakI dIna- dayanIya sthiti para tarasa khAte the / jabaki una donoM hI kA jIvana bhItara se santuSTa thaa| donoM ko eka-dUsare se sneha thA, prema thaa| donoM eka-dUsare ke lie sarvasva the / donoM meM agAdha, asIma prema thaa| donoM prema ke dhanI the| eka-dUsare ko pAkara dhanya the / mAnA ki unheM bAhara se kaSTa thA, kintu bhItara se unameM utsAha bharA thA / una donoM ne kabhI bhI mana meM kaSTa kA anubhava nahIM kiyA / utsAha aura umaMga meM nirantara sphUrtimaya bane rhe| pyAra aura vizvAsa kA sambala jise milA hai use aura kyA cAhie ? sacce pyAra meM kitanA tyAga aura bala hotA hai ki saba kucha luTAkara bhI bhagavAn bhUtanAtha kI taraha sampanna bane rahate haiN| A~gana meM bhare motiyoM ke bhaNDAra ko luTA diyA / kisako ? rAjA ko, jisase saba loga pAte haiM / aise aizvaryazAliyoM ko dekara, aura vinayapUrvaka dekara unheM nihAla kara dete haiM / isa mahAn utsarga meM raMca mAtra bhI garva yA ahaM kI bhAvanA nahIM hai / yaha hai isa premI yugala kA kAranAmA / inake paraspara sahayoga se kalyANa kA sukhamaya vAtAvaraNa jo sRjita huA use dekhakara mA~ 'dharatI' vihvala hai / vaha prasannatA se utphulla aura Anandita hai / usakI vihvalatA umaMga meM chalaka par3I hai : 1 "phUlI - phUlI dharatI kahatI hai - / mA~ sattA kI prasannatA hai, beTA tumhArI unnati dekha kara / mAna-hAriNI praNati dekhakara / " (pR. 482) yahA~ 'mA~ sattA' sambodhana se tAtparya alakSya, sarva samartha, adRzya zakti se hai, jo sarvatra vyApta hai aura jo sabakA saba kucha dekha rahI hai| vahI hai prasanna Aja tumhAre kriyAkalApoM para / tuma dhanya ho beTe ! tumhAre kRti para - zakti prasanna hai / (yahA~ pyAra vaza mA~ dharatI ne beTI- mATI ko beTA sambodhita kiyA hai jaisA ki snehAdhikya meM aksara loga kara dete haiN)|
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________________ 232 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA yahA~ kAvya racayitA ne svayaM pUre kAvya kathana ko ati saMkSepa meM prastuta kara diyA hai aura nidAna rUpa meM niSkarSa bhI de diyA hai / zabda sRjanazIla jIvana' kI apanI upayogitA hai / sRjanazIla jIvana hI jIvana kA sArthaka rUpa mAnA gayA hai / sRjana nirmANa-utpatti kA bodhaka hai, bhale hI kRti sthUla ho yA sUkSma, bhAvAtmaka ho yA racanAtmaka, binA sRjana ke mAnava jIvana nirarthaka-nissAra mAnA jAtA hai / sRjana bhI svArtha-paramArtha donoM prakAra kA hotA hai| eka nirA svArthI hotA hai jo sRjanakartA ke lie hI prayoga meM AtA hai aura dUsarA paramArthaparaka hotA hai jo zuddha samAja ke kalyANa aura unakI sukha-suvidhA ke lie hotA hai| sthUla meM vidyAlaya, dharmazAlA, mandira, cikitsAlaya Adi Ate haiM aura sUkSma meM kAvya grantha haiM , jo nAnA purANa, nigamAgama aura kAvya ke vividha rUpa evaM sAhitya tathA anya vidhAoM ke zAstra, jinameM jJAna-vijJAna-kalA nihita hai, ke rUpa meM hai, jinase nitya loga lAbha uThA rahe haiM aura uThAte rheNge| mA~ dharatI ne mATI se prathama khaNDa meM kumbhakAra kA saMsarga kraayaa| yahIM se mATI kA kumbhakAra ke sAtha sAhacarya zurU hotA hai| kAvya ke cAra khaNDoM meM usakI sAdhanAvasthA kI cAra dazAe~ haiM jo anavarata, nirantara agrasara hotI rahI haiM / dUsare khaNDa meM kumbhakAra ke prati samarpaNa bhAva ke sAtha hI aham bhAva kA bhI utsarga karA diyA hai| tIsare khaNDa meM samarpaNa ke pazcAt samarpita mATI kI kharI-se-kharI anaginata parIkSAe~ hotI haiM, jisameM agni parIkSA bhI denI par3I hai, jisako mATI ne bar3e sAhasa aura utsAha ke sAtha usako sahana kiyA hai / cauthe khaNDa meM bindu mAtra varNa jIvana ko UrdhvagAmI-UrdhvamukhI banAyA hai / mATI eka kaNa se uThakara kumbha ke rUpa meM sRjita huI / bindu mAtra varNa jIvana ko yahI lAbha huaa| jIvana meM arpaNa kI bhAvanA ho to kisI mahAn ke caraNoM meM samarpita hone para jIvana ko UrdhvagAmI aura UrdhvamukhI banAyA jA sakatA hai| hA~, vaha caraNa cAhie jo samarpita kI lAja ko nibhA sakeM / use Upara uThA sakeM / mahAn to kabhI apane ko mahAn na mAnate haiM, na kahate haiN| dekhie svayaM kumbhakAra ko ki jisakI mahAnatA ko svIkAra kara kumbha sahita sabane use kRtajJatA kI dRSTi se dekhA yAnI usakA hRdaya se AbhAra aura anugraha svIkAra kiyaa| jabaki kumbhakAra meM tanika bhI mahAnatA kA bhAva lakSita nahIM hotA hai| vaha bar3I hI vinamratA aura ziSTatA ke sAtha turanta kaha uThatA hai-yaha saba to RSiyoM aura santoM kI kRpA hai / maiM to eka tuccha sevaka mAtra huuN| yaha prasaMga smRti dilAtA hai una mahAn parAkramI pavana suta hanumAna kA, jo jagat-mAtA sItAjI kA darzana karake laMkA dahana ke pazcAt rAma ke samakSa upasthita hokara kahate haiM : _ "prabhu kI kRpA bhayau saba kAjU / janama hamAra saphala bhA AjU // " tulasIdAsa, mAnasa pracaNDa parAkramI rAvaNa prazAsita laMkA ko jalAkara hanumAna sakuzala lauTa Ane meM apanA tanika bhI parAkrama na mAnakara prabhu kRpA ko hI zreya dete haiN| ___ anta meM, sahasA taru-tale, sAdhu-darzana kara sabhI udhara hI AkarSita hote haiM / sAdara abhivAdana kara unakI pradakSiNA karate haiN| pUjya-pAda ke kamalavanta caraNoM kA pAdAbhiSeka hotA hai / caraNodaka liyA jAtA hai aura sabhI guru kRpA kI pratIkSA meM baiTha jAte haiN| phira sAdhu kucha hI paloM meM mudita mudrA meM upasthita samudAya ko prasAda bA~Tane lge| aura AzIrvAdArtha abhaya kA hAtha sAdhu ne Upara uThAyA, jisase bhAva vyaMjita ho rahA thA : "zAzvata sukha kA lAbha ho|" "kucha hI dUrI para/pAdapa ke nIce/pASANa-phalaka para AsIna nIrAga sAdhu kI ora/sabakA dhyAna AkRSTa karatA hai/... ki turanta sAdara Akara pradakSiNA ke sAtha/sabane praNAma kiyA pUjya-pAda ke pada-paMkajoM meN|/paadaabhissek huA,/pAdodaka sara para lgaayaa| phira,/cAtaka kI bhA~ti/guru-kRpA kI pratIkSA meM saba |/kuchek pala rItate ki
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 233 gurudeva kA mudita-mukha/prasAda bA~Tane lagA,/abhaya kA hAtha Upara uThA, jisameM bhAva bharA hai-/'zAzvata sukha kA lAbha ho'|" (pR. 484) phira AtaMkavAda sAdhu se yAcanA karatA hai ki hameM bhI saMsAra ke duHkha se virakta kara sukha-zAnti kI ora lauTane kA AzIrvAda dIjie aura vacana dIjie ki "tumhArI bhAvanA pUrI ho|" sAdhu ne muskurAte hue kahA ki aisA nahIM ho sakatA / kyoMki maiMne svayaM apane guru ko vacana diyA hai ki jIvana meM bhUlakara bhI kisI ko vacana nahIM dUMgA / hA~, koI apane hitArtha vinIta bhAva se dizA-bodha cAhatA ho to usake kalyANa ke lie use anukUla lagane vAlI madhura vANI meM pravacana denA arthAt usake mana ke ulajhAva ko vizada vyAkhyA dvArA zaMkA-samAdhAna kara, samajhA kara bodha karA denA, yahI paryApta hogaa| mokSa ke viSaya meM sAdhu kA mata hai ki sAdhanA kI carama sImA para bandhana rUpa tana-mana-vANI kA miTa jAnA hI mokSa hai / isI zuddha dazA meM paramAnanda kI prApti hotI hai aura taba AvAgamana se mukti ho jAtI hai / isI ko dUdhajanya ghI ke pramANa se samajhAyA hai ki dUdha apane uttarottara vikAsa krama se anta meM jaba ghI bana jAtA hai taba phira lauTa kara dUdha nahIM bana sktaa| vaise hI mokSa prApta jIva punarjanma nahIM letaa| isI prakAra AcaraNa-saMhitA para bala dete hue antima upadeza ke rUpa meM santa sAdhu ne kahA ki jahA~ para maiM AsIna hU~, vahA~ Akara dekho mujhe / kyoMki Upara se nIce dekhane meM cakkara AtA hai aura nIce se Upara dekhane meM anumAna lagabhaga galata nikalatA hai| isalie mere kathita zabdoM para vizvAsa kro| vizvAsa se tumheM anubhUtijanya dizA milegI, aura avazya milegii| dhairya se zAnta citta agrasara hote clo| mArga meM nahIM sAdhanA ke nirdiSTa sthAna para vimala prakAza kI anubhUti hogI / vahIM jJAna kA prakAza hogA, jise prApta karanA hI jIvana kA lakSya hotA hai : "bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA/AmUla miTa jAnA hI/mokSa hai| isI kI zuddha-dazA meM/avinazvara sukha hotA hai/jise/prApta hone ke bAda, yahA~/saMsAra meM AnA kaise sambhava hai ?/tuma hI batAo ! dugdha kA vikAsa hotA hai/phira anta meM/ghRta kA vilAsa hotA hai,/kintu ghRta kA dugdha ke rUpa meM/lauTa AnA sambhava hai kyA ? ...kSetra kI nahIM, AcaraNa kI dRSTi se/maiM jahA~ para hU~/vahA~ Akara dekho mujhe, tumheM hogI merI/sahI-sahI pahacAna/kyoMki/Upara se nIce dekhane se cakkara AtA hai/aura/nIce se Upara kA anumAna/lagabhaga galata nikalatA hai / isIlie ina/zabdoM para vizvAsa lAo,/hA~, hA~ !! vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI/avazya milegI/magara mArga meM nahIM, maMz2ila para!" (pR. 487-488) mahAbhArata ke varvarIka kI taraha sAre kriyA-kalApa aura prakaraNa ko 'mUkamATI' sAkSI rUpa meM dekhatI rhii| sAdhu ke pravacana- misa prabodhana ke pazcAt sArA vAtAvaraNa mahAmauna meM vilIna ho gayA / mATI anta taka dekhatIstambhita rhii| santa kavi ne bhI sAdhu-darzana karAkara vizvAsa ke upadeza para vANI ko virAma diyaa| yaha caturtha khaNDa pichale tIna khaNDoM kI apekSA adhika bar3A hai aura apane Apa meM isakA alaga astitva ho sakatA hai| isakI eka adbhuta vizeSatA yaha hai ki yahA~ pUjA-upAsanA ke upakaraNa sajIva vArtAlApa meM tallIna ho jAte haiN| inake vArtAlApa ke mAdhyama se mAnavIya bhAvoM aura guNa-doSa kA abhivyaktIkaraNa hotA hai| kAvya ko Adhunika
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________________ 234 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA pariveza se sambaddha karane ke lie ye saMvAda sArthaka aura upayukta-se lagate haiN| ___ svarNa kalaza kI upekSA kara miTTI ke kalaza ko maMgala ghaTa ke rUpa meM varIyatA aura mAnyatA denA usake apamAna kA kAraNa ho gayA / badalA lene kI bhAvanA bar3hatI krodhAgni se prajvalita ho uThI / svarNa kalaza ne AtaMkavAdI dala ke sahayoga se seTha ke parivAra ko nAnA prakAra kI ulajhanoM, yAtanAoM aura bhayAvaha sthitiyoM ke ghere meM DAlakara hara prakAra se use vivaza kara diyA / parivAra kI aura apanI rakSA ke lie seTha ko prAkRtika zaktiyoM aura gajadala tathA nAganAganiyoM se sahayoga lenA par3A / kisI prakAra vaha apane parivAra kI prANa rakSA kara pAtA hai / apane Apa meM yaha eka gambhIra trAsada dRzya hai jo dhIra-gambhIra pravRtti vAle ko bhI vyathita aura ka~pA dene vAlA hai| seTha ne isa prakAra isa vivazatA meM kSamA bhAva ko ubuddha kiyA ki jisakA prabhAva krUra AtaMkavAdiyoM para par3A aura unakA krUra hRdaya pasIjA aura seTha parivAra ko prANa dAna milaa| kSamAzIla mahAn hotA hai aura yaha mAnavatA kA mahAn guNa hai kintu isakA udbodhana svata: Atma-preraNA se honA cAhie, na ki bandUka aura kaTTe kI noka para DarA-dhamakA kara, vivaza kara, kSamAdAna karAyA jAya / are ! jo hamAre parivAra ke prANoM kA bhUkhA hai, use hama kSamA kareMge? kadApi nahIM! kisI mUlya para nhiiN| hama nirIha, vicArA aura dayanIya sthiti meM bhayabhIta haiN| ghire haiN| mRtyu ke havAle ho sakate haiN| yadi baca gae to usa parama pitA kI kRpA maaneNge| usI AtaMka kI sthiti meM hamase bala prayoga para kSamA karAyA jA sakatA hai| kintu kyA yaha hamArA kSamA karanA svayaM kA hogA ? nahIM ! nahIM !! hamane kahA~ kSamA kiyA ? hamase to bala pUrvaka kSamA karAyA gayA / isa kSamA ko yadi yathArtha rUpa meM kSamA mAna liyA jAya to yaha bhUla hogii| bandhana meM par3akara vivazatA meM jo kSamA kiyA gayA vaha to prAyazcita huA aura jaghanya prAyazcita, jise bhugatanA hI par3egA / mahArAja yudhiSThira ne mahArAnI draupadI dvArA apane dvAra para kie gae rAjA duryodhana ke apamAna ko prAyazcita kahA thA, jise cIra-haraNa aura mahAbhArata saMgrAma ke rUpa meM bhugatanA par3A, jisake phalasvarUpa bhArata bhUmi raktaraMjita huI aura deza vIravihIna ho gyaa| __AtaMkavAda yahI cAhatA hai aura isakA antima nidAna yahI hai bhii| isako jaise-taise TAla jAnA, samajhautA karanA kAyaratA aura palAyanavAditA hai| bhale hI rAjanIti kI bhASA meM kUTanIti aura caturAI mAnA jAya / Aga sulagegI to jalegI hii| dhadhakatI jvAlA jala ke phuhAroM se nahIM bujha sktii| svarNakalaza aura AtaMkavAda kA prakaraNa seTha parivAra ke sAtha Aja kI vartamAna paristhiti aura sandarbha meM saTIka evaM nitAnta upayukta citrita huA hai| isakA samAdhAna rAjasattA aura Adhunika samAja vyavasthA ke anurUpa diyA gayA hai, jo rAhata ke rUpa meM hai / kucha samaya bItane para loga bhUla jAe~ge hI / basa isI nimitta se jaise-taise AI vipatti ko TAlane kA samAdhAna hai, jo ucita nahIM hai / dUsarI bAta yaha bhI to hai ki jaba sthAyI samAdhAna DhU~r3hane kI yukti kA prayAsa kiyA jAegA to upayukta samAdhAna ke DhUMr3ha nikAlane taka, yA pahale hI sattA hI badala jaaegii| sAre prayAsa aura zrama para pAnI phira jAegA / aisA bhI to nahIM hai ki sattA meM Ane vAle itane prayatna se prApta samAdhAna se lAbha uThAe~ / hara sattAdhArI apanI alaga paddhati aura praNAlI ko calAkara navIna khyAti cAhatA hai / jahA~ aisA nahIM hai aura jisa hada taka nahIM hai, vahA~ usI hada taka saphalatA bhI hai| prasiddha dArzanika 'rAnA De' ne kahA thA : "korI paTarI para likhanA zurU na kIjie arthAt jahA~ taka likhA gayA hai usake Age bar3hie / sabako miTA kara phira se likhanA zurU nahIM karanA caahie|" AtaMkavAda seTha se kSamAdAna le hI letA hai / vaha pASANa-phalaka para AsIna sAdhu se bhI kahatA hai : "yahA~ sukha hai, para vaiSayika/aura vaha bhI kSaNika !
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 235 yaha"to''anubhUta huA hameM,/...'tumhArI bhAvanA pUrI ho' aise vacana do hameM,/bar3I kRpA hogI hama pr|" (pR. 485) sAdhu ne sahI dizA dI ki AtmA kA uddhAra to apane hI puruSArtha se ho sakatA hai| 'zAzvata sukha' vacanoM se batAyA nahIM jA sakatA, vaha to nijI sAdhanA se prApta Atmopalabdhi hai| 'vacana' nahIM, mAtra pravacana diyA jAtA hai| vizvAsa karo, sAdhanA se maMz2ila para vizvAsa kI anubhUti hogii| yahA~ kahanA yaha hai ki AtaMkavAda apanI usI mastI meM mahAn yogI, virAgI sAdhu se bhI kahatA hai ki"tumhArI bhAvanA pUrI ho/aise vacana do hmeN|" para sAdhu to sAdhu hai, use AtaMka se kyA AtaMkita honA hai / usako puruSArtha se Atmopalabdhi kA sIdhA rAstA batalA diyaa| saMkSepa meM, maMgala ghaTa kI sArthakatA guru ke pAda-prakSAlana meM hai, jo seTha kI zraddhA ke AdhAra haiN| apakva rUpa meM kumbha agni se prArthanA karatA hai ki mere doSoM ko jalA deN| doSa-mukta honA hI sahI jIvana hai aura tumheM kisI ke doSaharaNa se paramArtha hI milegA / agni parIkSA ke pazcAt kumbha kI bhAvanA kitanI sAttvika ho jAtI hai ki use pakva rUpa prApta ho jAne para usameM jaladhAraNa kI kSamatA A jAegI, jisase gurujanoM kA pAda-prakSAlana ho sake yA kisI pyAse kI pyAsa bajha sake, aura ina sevA ke avasaroM se jIvana dhanya ho jaaegaa| cauthe khaNDa agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' kA zIrSaka bhI caritArtha ho jAtA hai / isa agni parIkSA ke pazcAt ghaTa meM bhI yaha sAttvikatA vyApta dIkhatI hai, kyoMki apane meM jaladhAraNa karane kI kSamatA pAkara para vaha sevA hetu hI Atura aura lAlAyita hai| granthArambha se pUrva prArambha meM hI prastavana' aura 'mAnasa-taraMga' zIrSaka ke antargata 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke racanA kA hetu aura usameM samAhita zramaNa saMskRti ke poSaka jaina darzana para sUtravat prakAza DAlA gayA hai jisase kAvya meM jaina dharma ke maulika siddhAnta bIja rUpa meM udaghATita hae haiN| vastuta: jaina darzana ne bar3I AsthA ke sAtha Izvara ko parama zraddheya-pUjya rUpa meM svIkArA hai, sRSTikartA ke rUpa meM nhiiN| jaina darzana ke anusAra brahmA, viSNu aura maheza ko saSTikartA. poSaka aura saMhAraka rUpa meM mAnanA hI nAstikatA hai| isa dharma kI yaha bhI mAnyatA hai ki 'rAgAtireka se bharapUra zRMgAra rasa ke jIvana meM bhI vairAgya kA ubhAra AtA hai| zuddha cetanA hI upAsya devatA hai, jo susupta cetanA zakti ko jAgRta karane kI preraNA hai / isameM varNa-jAti-kula Adi vyavasthA vidhAna ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / sambhavata: isIlie saMkara-doSa se bacane ke sAtha hI varNa-lAbha ko jIvana kI saphalatA mAnA gayA hai / vItarAga zramaNa-saMskRti ko jIvanta, sazakta aura sabala banAne hetu hI isake dvArA sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanaitika aura dhArmika kSetroM meM praviSTa kurItiyoM aura doSoM kA nivAraNa karanA hai, aura isake sAtha hI zubha saMskAroM se saMskArita kara bhoga se yoga kI ora sahaja bhAva se mor3anA hai|' uparyukta maMgalamayI saMkalpoM kI pUrti hetu hI isa kAvya kA sRjana aura nAmakaraNa huA hai| yaha kRti adhika parimANa meM kAvya hai yA adhyAtma, kahanA kaThina hai| lekina nizcaya hI yaha Adhunika jIvana kA abhinava zAstra hai, jise hama adhyAtmamaya athavA adhyAtmabodhaka kAvya kaha sakate haiN| jaisA ki 'mAnasa-taraMga' se vidita hai ki rAgAtireka se bharapUra zRMgAra rasa ke jIvana meM vairAgya kA ubhAra AtA hai| usakI puSTi meM hI puruSa-prakRti ke sahaja AkarSaNa kA citraNa kavi ne kalAtmaka DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai : 0 "prakRti se viparIta calanA/sAdhanA kI rIta nahIM hai| binA prIti, virati kA palanA/sAdhanA kI jIta nhiiN|"(pR. 391)
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________________ 236 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 0 "puruSa hotA hai bhoktA/aura/bhogyA hotI prakRti / jaba bhoktA rasa kA svAda letA hai,/lAr3a-pyAra se/lAra kA siMcana kara rasa ko aura sarasa banAtI hai/rasanA ke miSa prakRti bhii|" (pR. 391-392) "puruSa yogI hone para bhI/prakRti hotI sahayoginI usakI, sAdhanA kI zikhA taka/sAtha detI rahatI vaha / " (pR. 392) 0 "puruSa meM jo kucha bhI/kriyAyeM-pratikriyAyeM hotI haiM calana-sphuraNa-spandana,/unakA sabakA abhivyaktIkaraNa, puruSa ke jIvana kA jJApana/prakRti para hI AdhArita hai| prakRti yAnI nArI/nAr3I ke vilaya meM puruSa kA jIvana hI samApta!" (pR. 392-393) "puruSa vAsanA kA dAsa ho/vAsanA kI tRpti-hetu pariklAnta pathika kI bhA~ti/prakRti kI chA~va meM A~kheM banda kara letA hai,/aura/yaha anivArya hotA hai puruSa ke lie taba!" (pR. 393) "raktA-AsaktA-sI lagatI hai/puruSa meM prakRti "taba !" (pR. 393) "puruSa aura prakRti/ina donoM ke khela kA nAma hI saMsAra hai, yaha kahanA/mUr3hatA hai, moha kI mahimA mAtra ! khela khelane vAlA to puruSa hai/aura/prakRti khilaunA mAtra ! svayaM ko khilaunA banAnA/koI khela nahIM hai, vizeSa khilAr3I kI bAta hai yaha !" (pR. 394) ""prakRti kA prema pAye binA/puruSa kA puruSArtha phalatA nahIM' ...puruSa kI sevA ke lie/sadA tatparA milatI jo/dAsI-sI chAyA lalita chavi chAyA kI lalita chavi-sI..!" (pR. 395) yaha hai puruSa aura prakRti kA sahaja svAbhAvika citrnn| saMnyAsa Azrama rAga-zRMgAra aura bhoga se virakti kA hI Azrama hai / dhyAna-magna hone meM rAga-zRMgAra bAdhaka mAne gae haiM / jahA~ ye bAdhaka nahIM haiM vaha sthiti adhyAtma sAdhanA meM siddha yogiyoM kI hai| isa stara para pahu~cane vAle yogI nahIM ke barAbara haiN| jaise yogIrAja mahArAja janaka aura RSi veda vyAsa Adi hI kucha niyama ke apavAda svarUpa haiN| hA~, mAdhurya bhAva kI sAdhanA meM rAga-zRMgAra kA sthAna hai| isI prakAra Izvara sRSTikartA nahIM hai, jaina darzana kI isa mAnyatA se sanAtana hindU dharma sahamata nahIM hai| kintu isake kyA, yahA~ hameM jaina darzana aura sanAtana darzana kI tulanA aura samIkSA nahIM karanI hai| janma ke bAda AcaraNa ke anurUpa ucca-nIca rUpa ko svIkAra karane kI paddhati ati uttama hai| 'varNa-saMkara nahIM, varNa-lAbha' zIrSaka isI Azaya se sambaddha hai / janma ke pazcAt calana-AcaraNa kI kasauTI viveka saMgata aura vaijJAnika hai| yajJopavIta saMskAra kI mAnyatA isI Azaya kI hai| janma mAtra se hI jAti bodha nahIM hotA hai| janma se sabhI samAna haiN| isake pazcAt ke susaMskAroM ke prabhAva se antara hotA jAtA hai / maharSi vizvAmitra ko rAjarSi se brahmarSi kI padavI milanA isI susaMskAra kI mAnyatA kA dyotaka hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 237 'mATI' jaisI patita, dalita, tuccha, heya, nAcIz2a ko maMgala kalaza taka ke rUpa meM pahu~cAnA sadAzayatA aura sadbhAvanA kI uttuMga U~cAI kI mApa hai| grantha, jisakI mUla dhAraNA patita-pAvana kI hai, ni:sandeha anukaraNIya aura stutya hai / kAvya kA stutIkaraNa prakArAntara se isake praNetA AcArya tapasvI santa kavi vidyAsAgara kA stutIkaraNa hai, jo apanI sadAzayatA aura AcaraNa se yaza aura zreya ke pramANita adhikArI haiN| ___ 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya jo anaginata pUta bhAvanAoM kA saMgraha evaM bhaNDAra hai, kucha binduoM ko chor3a hindU mAtra ko cAhe, vaha kisI mata kA ho, use apanI ora AkarSita karane aura vicAramagna tathA bhAvamagna kara dene kI sthiti taka lA dene meM pUrNatayA sakSama hai / ye guNa kAvya kI bahumukhI saphalatA ke dyotaka haiN| 'mUkamATI': dArzanika vicAra evaM tIvra anubhUtiyoM kI sahaja abhivyakti ___DaoN. Ara.sI. zukla AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke kAvya grantha kA adhyayana kara cukA huuN| isakI bhASA jitanI sarala hai, bhAva evaM vicAra utane hI gahana aura gambhIra haiN| jaina darzana ke mUla tattvoM ko pUrNata: AtmasAt kara apanI samasta anubhUtiyoM evaM cintana ko unase ekAkAra kara jIvana jIne vAle AcAryazrI ke grantha kI tulanA kevala dA~te kI 'DivAina kaoNmeDI' se hI kI jA sakatI hai / saMsAra meM aise mahAkAvya bahuta kama haiM jinameM dArzanika vicAroM ko sahaja aura tIvra anubhUtiyoM ke rUpa meM vyakta karane hetu sucitrita evaM sarvagrAhya rUpaka kA rUpa diyA gayA hai| kAvya zailI to nitAnta maulika hI hai / spaSTa hai ki isa racanA ko samajhane evaM vizleSaNa karane ke lie ativiziSTa pratibhA apekSita hai| - pRSTha 40. para ke prati...bhagavAna se prArthanA karatA hai ki
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : mithaka ke kAvya meM rUpAntaraNa kI prakriyA DaoN. zazi mudIrAja kavitA kI saMracanA dvandvAtmaka hotI hai - vaha kAlabaddha hai aura kAlAtIta bhii| yaha kavi kI kSamatA para nirbhara hai ki vaha kavitA ko deza aura kAla ke sImita phalaka para racakara use tAtkAlika yathArtha kA ausata Akalana banA de, yA usakI asIma sambhAvanAoM kA sandohana kara use dezAtIta aura kAlAtIta banA de / nizcaya hI isake lie mahAn kavi-pratibhA kI apekSA hotI hai| mahAn pratibhA kavitA ke mAdhyama se mAnava jIvana ke zAzvata mUlyoM kA dha karatI hai| isI prakriyA meM mahAkAvya kI racanA hotI hai| yU~ to saMskRta aura hindI ke mahAkAvyoM kI eka lambI sUcI hamAre pAsa hai, lekina yaha dhyAtavya hai ki mahAkAvya ke sAre lakSaNa hone mAtra se yA sArI zAstrIya zartoM ko pUrA karane mAtra se koI kAvya mahAkAvya nahIM bana jAtA / mahAkAvya se merA tAtparya hai mahAn - kAvya - aisA kAvya jisameM paramparA kI rIr3ha ho kintu prayoga ke navIna rakta kA prANa saMcAra ho, jisa meM jAtIya vizvAsoM aura mUlyoM kA AdhAra ho kintu unakI tArkika aura tAtkAlika vyAkhyA ho, mahAn -kAvya arthAt eka aisA virAT phalaka jisameM mAnava jIvana ke cirantana mUlyoM kI pratiSThA ho kintu usake parivartanazIla samasAmayika samasyAoM ke paridRzya kI saMgati meM ho, aisA hI mahAkAvya hamAre vizvAsa, garva, cintana, vicAra aura tarka kA pAtra bana sakatA hai / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kI kRti 'mUkamATI' saMskRta aura hindI hI nahIM, samasta bhAratIya bhASAoM meM upalabdha mahAkAvyoM kI paramparA meM eka samRddha, sArthaka aura sambhAvanApUrNa yoga hai, itanA hI nahIM, isa racanA meM paramparA aura prayoga, mithaka aura yathArtha tathA zAzvata aura samasAmayika jIvana mUlyoM aura prasaMgoM kA aisA samanvaya hai ki isake vividha pakSoM para eka antahIna carcA cher3I jA sakatI hai| Upara kahA jA cukA hai ki kavitA meM deza aura kAla ko atikramita karane kI zakti hotI hai / yaha zakti AtI hai mithaka ke prayoga se / mithaka kisI samAja, sabhyatA aura jAti ke dhArmika vizvAsoM, aitihAsika paramparAoM aura vaizvika mImAMsAoM kA eka saMgumphana hotA hai / kisI sabhyatA meM janme mithaka vastutaH eka sAvayavika pUrNa (Organic whole) kI racanA karate haiM, isameM bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya kA antara nahIM hotA / mithaka eka aise brahmANDa kI racanA karatA hai jisameM mAnavIya, prAkRtika aura ati prAkRtika tattva eka vyApaka kintu sUkSmatA se viziSTIkRta krIr3A meM bhAga lete haiM / yaha krIr3A vinimaya aura rUpAntaraNa kI krIr3A hotI hai| mithakIya vicAra Izvara aura manuSya ko eka-dUsare ke virodha meM khar3A nahIM krtaa| yaha daivI ko mAnavIya aura mAnavIya ko daivI meM rUpAntarita karatA hai / yaha aise krama kI racanA karatA hai, jisameM uccatara stara para daivI tattva manuSya kA pratirUpa hotA hai aura isI krama meM pazu aura vanaspati jagat nimnastara para mAnavIya jagat kA pratirUpa hotA hai| isa prakAra mithaka manuSya aura zeSa prakRti meM kisI prakAra kA alagAva nahIM rahane detA aura unheM eka sAvayavika pUrNatA meM vinyasta karatA hai| isa prakAra mithaka kI saMracanA eka sAtha banda bhI hotI hai aura khulI bhI, aura isakI prakRti itihAsa - nirapekSa hotI hai / kavitA kA garbhAzaya yahI mithaka hai isIlie mahat kAvya bAra-bAra isakI ora unmukha hote haiM / mithaka kA kAvya meM rUpAntaraNa aura kAvya kI zartoM para rUpAntaraNa- yahI sUtra hai jisake dvArA 'mUkamATI' kI kAvyagata mahattA ke vivecana kA eka prayAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM kavizrI AcArya vidyAsAgara ne hamAre jAtIya mithaka kA aisA hI sandhAna kiyA hai| kisI kAvya ko mahAkAvya banAne kA rahasya kevala usake zAstrabaddha vastuvidhAna aura rUpanirmANa meM nihita nahIM hai| kisI kAvya ke
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 239 mahAkAvya banane kI eka svataHsphUrta, jaTila aura anekAyAmI prakriyA hotI hai / isa prakriyA ke tIna caraNa yA tattva vicAraNIya hote haiM-pahalA mahAkAvya kI racanA meM abhiprerita aura svayaMcAlita kavi kA abhiprAya, uddezya aura dRSTi; dUsarA usakA vastuvidhAna, aura tIsarA rUpavidhAna / ye tInoM tattva eka dUsare se samanvita eka vikAsazIla prakriyA ke aMga haiM, isIlie adhyayana kI suvidhArtha inakA pRthak-pRthak vivecana karate hue bhI inakI samagra anviti kA dhyAna rakhA jAnA Avazyaka hai / inameM sarvAdhika pramukha hai kavi kI dRSTi aura abhiprAya, jise lekara vaha kAvya kI racanA karatA hai / kavi kA abhiprAya hI kAvya kA uddezya hotA hai| kavi kA abhiprAya usakI dRSTi se niHsRta hotA hai aura usakI dRSTi usake jIvana darzana kA carama phala hotI hai / kavi kA jIvana darzana usake saMskAroM, vizvAsoM, mUlyoM aura mAnyatAoM kA saMkula rUpa hotA hai jise vaha paramparA va jAtIya smRti se prApta karatA hai tathA svAnubhava se arjita karatA hai| apane isa jIvanadarzana ko, apane vizvAsoM aura zrama siMcita mUlyoM ko virAT phalaka va zAzvata anviti dene ke lie kavi mithaka kA Azraya letA hai| usake racanA karma kI vizadatA va mahattA isa bAta meM nihita hai ki vaha kauna se mithaka kA cayana karatA hai, AsthA aura vizvAsa kI kisa bhUmi se usa mithaka ko kAvya kI sarjana prakriyA meM DhAlatA hai aura pariNati meM usakI racanA sampUrNa jAti va sabhyatA kI dharohara kisa sImA taka bana pAtI hai| 'mUkamATI' meM kavi ne bhAratIya darzana va saMskRti kI gahana sampadA se eka mithaka kA cayana kiyA hai| yaha mithaka cira purAtana hai aura cira navIna bhI / yaha mithaka nahIM, vAstava meM eka pratIka hai, kintu kavi kI gaharI jIvanadRSTi, anubhava kI prAmANikatA aura abhivyakti kI nizchalatA isa bahuprayukta sAmAnya se pratIka ko mithaka kI U~cAI taka lAkara eka paripUrNa dArzanika-kAvyamaya mithaka meM rUpAntarita kara detI hai| yaha pratIka hai - kumbha kA / bhAratIya darzana meM kumbha pratIka hai nazvaratA kA / 'ghaTa' zabda kA upayoga kumbha' aura zarIra ke zleSArtha meM santoM ne bahuta kiyA hai| 'kumbha' banatA hai miTTI se, miTTI paMcatattvoM meM se eka hai, miTTI nazvaratA kA pratIka hai aura mAnava zarIra kI antima pariNati bhI miTTI hI hai| bhAratIya darzana aura kAvya paramparA ke isa atyanta priya pratIka 'mATI' ko kendrastha kara kavi ne 'mUkamATI' kI racanA kI hai| mATI ko sAdhanA kI sudIrgha prakriyA ko DhAlakara use 'saMkaratA' aura anagar3hatA ke doSoM se mukta kara kumbha ke rUpa meM AkRti-prakRti se yukta kara aura kalyANa ke mArga meM use samarpita kara kavi ne mATI ko 'pratIka' stara se uThAkara 'mithaka' kA dezakAlAtIta saMyojana aura artha pradAna kiyA hai / isameM sUtradhAra hai kumbhakAra, paga-paga para AnuSaMgika kathAoM, vyAkhyAoM aura saMvAdoM ke dvArA kavi ne darzana ke gUDha tattvoM ko kAvya ke tala para rasamaya aura Aja ke sandarbha meM arthavAn banAkara prastuta kiyA hai / isa kAvya meM mithaka prayoga kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM cirantana satya ke sAtha samasAmayika tathyoM kA bhI nirdazana kiyA gayA hai| kAvya kA Arambha hotA hai saritA taTa kI mATI dvArA dharatI mA~ ke sammukha kie gae isa nivedana se : D "svayaM patitA hU~/aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se, __..adhama pApiyoM se/pada-dalitA hU~ mA~ !" (pR. 4) 0 "isa paryAya kI/iti kaba hogI ?/isa kAyA kI/cyuti kaba hogI? batA do, mA~'ise !" (pR. 5) nivedana aura Akula prazna kA uttara detI hai dharatI : "sAdhanA ke sA~ce meM/svayaM ko DhAlanA hogA saharSa ! parvata kI talahaTI se bhI/hama dekhate haiM ki/uttuMga zikhara kA,
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________________ 240 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA darzana hotA hai,/parantu/caraNoM kA prayoga kiye binA zikhara kA sparzana/sambhava nahIM hai !" (pR. 10) aura phira mATI kI isa sAdhanA ko Arambha karatA hai kumbhakAra / mATI se kumbha ke rUpa meM Dhalane kI kaI sthitiyA~ haiN| bahuta kaThina, prANAntaka saMgharSa hai lekina isase guz2are binA mATI kI mukti sambhava nhiiN| isa sAdhanA kI pahalI sthiti hai mATI ke kudAlI se khode jAne kI, dUsarI sthiti mATI ke zodhana kii| mATI saMkara doSa se yukta hai, usameM kaMkara mile hue haiM, kaMkaroM meM jaladhAraNa kI kSamatA nahIM / sAdhanA meM Dhalane ke lie Avazyaka lacIlApana aura taralatA jala hI se milakara A sakatI hai, isalie zilpI use jala meM sAnatA hai, phira pairoM se rauMdatA hai / tadanantara mATI kA loMdA cakra para car3hAkara kumbha ke rUpa meM DhAlA jAtA hai| kumbha para zilpI kucha sArthaka cihna aMkita karatA hai| isake bAda kumbha kI sabase kaThina parIkSA AtI hai aura vaha hai A~ve meM tapane kI agni parIkSA / isake bAda kumbha kA sAMsArika jIvanAnubhava Arambha hotA hai / santa puruSa ke svAgata meM svarNakalaza kI tulanA meM mATI ke hI kumbha ko pradhAnatA dI jAtI hai / itanA hI nahIM, kAvya ke antima prasaMga meM seTha rogI ho jAtA hai aura eka se eka anubhavI cikitsakoM se bhI usakA nidAna nahIM ho pAtA, taba, mATI kA lepa hI usakA kaSTaharaNa karatA hai / isa prasaMga meM lagabhaga cAra pRSThoM meM cale pravAhapUrNa manana meM kavi ne sAdhanA kI AdhyAtmika gati batAI hai| anta meM cikitsaka seTha ko mATI ke prayoga se rogamukta kara use spaSTa zabdoM meM batAte haiM : "yaha saba camatkAra/mATI ke kumbha kA hI hai usI kA sahakAra bhI,/hama to the nimitta-mAtra upacAraka " / " (pR. 409) anta meM kumbha sahita seTha kA parivAra aura anyajana saritA ke usa taTa para Ate haiM jahA~ dharatI ne mATI ko jIvana kA bodha aura mukti kI dizA dI thii| mATI ko usakI sAdhanA kI saphalatA para dharatI sAdhuvAda detI hai : "nisarga se hI/sRj-dhAtu kI bhA~ti/bhinna-bhinna upasarga pA tumane svayaM ko/jo/nisarga kiyA,/so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA vargAtIta apavarga huaa|" (pR. 483) sAdhanA kI yaha saphalatA aura mokSa kI yaha dizA kevala mATI ko nahIM milI hai, balki sampUrNa mAnava samAja santa ke mukha se isa amRta kA pAna karatA hai : "kSetra kI nahIM,/AcaraNa kI dRSTi se/maiM jahA~ para hU~ vahA~ Akara dekho mujhe,/tumheM hogI merI/sahI-sahI pahacAna/kyoMki Upara se nIce dekhane se/cakkara AtA hai/aura/nIce se Upara kA anumAna lagabhaga galata nikalatA hai|/isiilie ina/zabdoM para vizvAsa lAo, hA~, hA~ !!/vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI/avazya milegI magara/mArga nahIM, maMjila para !" (pR. 487) ata: mATI ke mAdhyama se manuSyatA kI mukti kI yaha mahAgAthA eka udAtta bindu para Akara jaise virAma letI hai| jaisA ki pahale saMketita kiyA jA cukA hai ki yaha mahAkAvya bahuAyAmI hai, isalie isameM prayukta mithaka bhI bahuprayojanayukta hai| isa kAvya meM darzana aura adhyAtma ke gUr3ha tattva kAvya kI sarasa rAgAtmakatA meM usI prakAra Dhale haiM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 241 jisa prakAra isa racanA meM miTTI jala kI taralatA meM milakara kumbha kI racanA ke yogya banatI hai / kavi kA abhiprAya kevala dArzanika tathyoM kA nirUpaNa karanA nahIM hai, balki darzana ko jIvana darzana meM rUpAntarita karanA hai / darzana jaba mAnavIya samasyAoM aura cintAoM se jur3akara usake samAdhAna hetu dRSTi detA hai taba vaha jIvana darzana bana jAtA hai| vaha darzana se dRSTi bana jAtA hai| yaha darzana kI jIvanonmukha aura sAmAjika prastAvanA hai| Aja hI nahIM, bhAratIya itihAsa hara yuga meM darzana tabhI sArthaka huA hai jaba vaha ekAnta sAdhanA aura cintana ke zikhara se utarakara karma jIvana kI kaThora saMkula dharatI para AyA hai aura manuSya ke lie upayogI banA hai| jaina sAdhaka AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara ne 'mUkamATI' kA sRjana isI uddezya se kiyA hai ki isake mAdhyama se "sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanaitika aura dhArmika kSetroM meM praviSTa huI kurItiyoM ko nirmUla kiyA jA sake, aura "bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a dekara vItarAga zramaNa saMskRti ko jIvita" rakhA jA sake ('mAnasa taraMga', bhUmikA, pR. XXIV) / lekina yaha 'vItarAga zramaNa saMskRti' karma para AdhArita hai, akarmaNyatA para nhiiN| jaina darzana kA mUla yahI karma siddhAnta hai, jisake anusAra karma ke saMskAra kSaNa-kSaNa sravita hote rahate haiM, jinakA prabhAva jIva para kSaNa-kSaNa par3atA jA rahA hai| ataeva sAdhaka karma se kSarita hone vAle saMskAra se alipta rahane kA udyoga karatA hai| lekina, AtmA ko pUrvArjita saMskAra bhI ghere hue haiM, inase chUTane ke lie bhI sAdhanA karanI hai / isa prakAra jaina darzana meM varNita rUpaka ke anusAra jIvana naukA meM cheda haiM, jinase pAnI bharatA jA rahA hai| vahI 'Asrava' hai / chedoM ko banda karanA hI 'saMvara' kI sAdhanA hai, aura nAva meM pahale se jo pAnI bharA huA hai, use ulIcanA 'nirjarA' hai| 'saMvara' aura 'nirjarA' ke dvArA jisane apane ko saMskAroM athavA AsravoM se mukta kara liyA, vahI 'mokSa' prApta karatA hai / isa sAdhanA ko dArzanika yA sAdhaka kI durUha, aikAntika prakriyA se uThAkara kavi manuSya jIvana ke dainandina prasaMgoM meM le AtA hai aura use jIvanonmukha rUpa pradAna karatA hai| karma karate hue usake mohalipta AsaMgoM se kaTanA, eka mahat uddezya kI ora akampa niSThA se bar3hate rahanA hI kaivalya kI sAdhanA hai| isa kAvya meM isIlie aneka aise choTe-choTe prasaMga Ae haiM jahA~ kavi vyAvahArika jIvana ke prasaMga nirUpita karatA calatA hai| jaise mATI ko Dhone vAle gadhe ko bhI nayA sandarbha diyA gayA hai : " merA nAma sArthaka ho prabho ! / yAnI / gada kA artha hai roga hA kA artha hai hAraka/ maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA banU~ / basa, aura kucha vAMchA nahIM / gada- hA gadahA !" (pR. 40 ) isa prakAra jala meM AI machalI kI kAmanA : 66 'yahI merI kAmanA hai / ki / AgAmI chorahIna kAla meM basa isa ghaTa meM/ kAma nA rahe !" (pR. 77) isI prakAra rassI meM par3I gA~Tha ko kholane meM zilpI kA zrama soddezya hai, kyoMki : 'jahA~ gA~Tha - granthi hai / vahA~ nizcita hI / hiMsA chalatI hai / artha yaha huA ki / granthi hiMsA kI sampAdikA hai aura / nirgrantha- dazA meM hI / ahiMsA palatI hai / " (pR. 64) aise aneka prasaMga haiM jaise svarNakalaza kA ahaMkAra, usakA nivAraNa, A~ve meM rakhI jAne vAlI babUla kI lakar3I
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________________ 242 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kI vyathA, badalI aura megha ke prakAryoM kI alaga-alaga vyAkhyA Adi / kavi ne sAhitya aura usake nava rasoM kI vyAkhyA ke lie bhI samucita avakAza nikAlA hai / lagabhaga 32 pRSThoM meM calatI yaha vyAkhyA (pR. 129-160) kahIM para bhI Aropita nahIM lgtii| zilpI kumbha para jo cihna aMkita karatA hai unakI bhI dArzanika-vyAvahArika vyAkhyA kI gaI hai (pR. 166-176) / sabase adhika ullekhanIya hai kavi kA lokajJAna / isa kAvya meM zatAdhika aise sthala haiM jahA~ kavi ne samasAmayika samasyAoM para TippaNI "'hI' pazcimI-sabhyatA hai/'bhI' hai bhAratIya saMskRti, bhaagy-vidhaataa| ...'bhI' ke Asa-pAsa/bar3hatI-sI bhIr3a lagatI avazya, kintu bhIr3a nahIM,/'bhI' lokatantra kI rIr3ha hai|" (pR. 173) isI prakAra svarNakalaza ko kahA gayA hai : "paratantra jIvana kI AdhAra-zilA ho tuma,/pU~jIvAda ke abhedya durgama kilA ho tuma/aura/azAnti ke antahIna silasilA !" (pR. 366) yahA~ taka ki vijJAna kA aticAra, AtaMkavAda jaise adhunAtana prasaMga bhI isa kAvya meM uThAe aura soddezya nirUpita kie gae haiN| bhASA para kavi kA adhikAra asIma hai / bhASA usake saMketa para iThalAtI, thirakatI, bhrU-nikSepa karatI, garajatI-barasatI va aneka khela dikhAtI hai / yahA~ vizeSa ullekhanIya hai zabdoM ko tor3akara akSara-akSara kI naI arthavattA khojane aura vyAkhyA karane kI unakI kSamatA, jo eka hI sAtha darzana aura kAvyabhASA para kavi kI pracaNDa sattA ko sUcita karatI hai| saMkSepa meM 'mUkamATI' kSudra, pada dalitA, patitA mATI ke sAdhanA ke uccatama zikhara para car3hakara siddha ho jAne kI hI mahAgAthA nahIM, balki, manuSya kI satata sAdhanA aura anavarata saMgharSa kI kathA hai / isa kAvya meM darzana, kAvya aura jIvana darzana kI triveNI chalachalA rahI hai / yaha kAvya mahAkAvya nahIM, mahAn kAvya hai jisameM mithaka kAvya meM Dhalakara Adhunika aura zAzvata mAnavIya mUlyoM kA jIvanta Alekha bana gayA hai| pRSTha 3 kyoM ki, suno / ----- .... yAda dayA |
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : hindI ke Adhunika mahAkAvyoM ko nayA mor3a aura pratIkArtha dene vAlA mahAkAvya DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara prabuddha cintaka, adhyAtmapravaNa sAdhaka, kavi aura ojasvI vaktA haiN| 'mUkamATI' dharmadarzana evaM adhyAtma ko Adhunika bhAva-bhASA-bodha va mukta chanda meM vyAkhyAyita karane vAlA rUpakAtmaka mahAkAvya hai| mATI jaisI tuccha, nagaNya aura upekSita vastu ko mahAkAvya kA viSaya banAkara prajJAzIla kavi ne apanI manorama kalpanA se jar3atA ko cinmayatA se abhimaNDita kiyA hai / sUkSma kathA ke dhAge se sampUrNa mAnavIya cetanA, AdhyAtmika UrjA aura jIvana ke carama lakSya ko sUkSma saMketoM, pratIkoM aura nAnAvidha artha chaviyoM se kauzala pUrvaka bA~dhA hai| yaha mahAkAvya cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai, jinake zIrSaka bar3e vyaMjanApUrNa haiM / prathama khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' meM mATI kI zodhana-prakriyA kA, dvitIya khaNDa 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM meM pAramparika rasoM kI maulika vyAkhyA ke sAtha mATI kI cetanA kI mahattA kA, tRtIya khaNDa 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' meM mATI kA kumbha rUpa meM AkAra grahaNa karane ke Alor3ana-vilor3ana kA aura caturtha khaNDa agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' meM avA meM tapa kara maMgala ghaTa banane, sAdhu ke pAda-prakSAlana kI pAtratA arjita karane va svarNa kalaza kI tulanA meM apane vaiziSTya ko ubhArane kI gAthA varNita hai| prakArAntara se isa kAvya meM sAdhanA kI vaha prakriyA varNita hai, jisameM karmabaddha AtmA saMvara-nirjarA ke patha se guz2aratI huI zuddha, buddha, mukta banatI hai / mATI, usakA zilpI kumbhakAra, nirgrantha sAdhu, upAsaka nagara seTha, AtaMkavAda, usake qhilAfa lar3ane vAle Atmika mUlya kSamA, prema, karuNA, dayA, paropakAra, prakRti aura puruSa ke sambandha Adi kA aisA manorama, maulika evaM tAttvika pratIkAtmaka saMgumphana kiyA gayA hai isa kRti meM ki vaha mUka hokara bhI sampUrNa mAnavIya cetanA ko mukharita karane meM sakSama hai| zabda cayana meM kavi sajaga aura dakSa hai| zabdoM kI vAk vyutpatti kI pakar3a artha meM nayA camatkAra bhara detI hai| kumbha, gadahA, rassI, dharatI, vasudhA, strI, kambala, saMsAra jaise zabdoM kI paratoM ko kholakara kavi nayA artha detA hai, jo Aropita nahIM, svata: sphUrta lagatA hai| viloma gati se zabdoM ke artha ko pakar3a kara kavi pAThakoM ko abhibhUta-camatkRta kara detA hai| lokabhUmi se uThA huA yaha kAvya mUkamATI meM UrdhvagAmI cetanA ke candana kI suvAsa bikheratA calatA hai| hindI ke Adhunika mahAkAvyoM kI paramparA ko nayA mor3a aura pratIkArtha detA hai yaha mahAkAvya / [sampAdaka- 'jina vANI' (mAsika), jayapura-rAjasthAna, mArca, 1990] 471. use nUtana jAla-bandhana-:-- -...kAla ke gAla meM kavalitarogeTama
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________________ 'mUkamATI': eka advitIya racanA DaoN.(misa) pI. sI. sAlve AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara munijI dvArA racita 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA maine samasta dRSTikoNa se adhyayana kiyA hai| sAtha hI mere lie yaha eka sukhada anubhava hai ki 'mUkamATI' jaise AdhyAtmika mahAkAvya kI samIkSA karane kA suavasara mujhe prApta huA hai| kahanA na hogA ki 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA sRjana svayaM meM eka aisI kRti hai, jo pUrNata: dArzanikatA kI pakSadhara hai / Aja kA yuga aisA hai jo anAyAsa hI bhautikatA kI vibhISikA kA tANDava nRtya mAnava samAja meM prasArita karane meM hor3a lagA rahA hai / yaha mahAkAvya bhautika lipsA meM lipta samAja ke lie eka svaccha, sarala tathA prAkRtika nidAna prastuta karatA hai| kevala AvazyakatA hai ise ekAgracitta se adhyayana karane kii| munivara vidyAsAgarajI ne apanI kRti ko cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai / pratyeka khaNDa mAnava jIvana ke samagra pahaluoM para prakAza DAlatA hai / mahAkAvya jaina darzana para AdhArita hote hue bhI vizva ke pratyeka jana ke lie sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se vartamAna jIvana ko sArthaka banAne kA prayAsa karatA hai| jIvana kI sArthakatA bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika donoM jIvana ko sukhada banAne ke prayAsa meM hai| yaha taba hI sambhava hotA hai jaba hama sAmAnya jIvana ko asAmAnya rUpa se jIte haiM aura yahI tathya 'mUkamATI' hamAre samakSa prastuta karatI hai| Aja ke yuga, sabhyatA evaM mUlyoM kI mAMga hai ki vyakti ko mahAn kahalAne aura banane ke lie asAdhAraNa pratibhA kI AvazyakatA hai, vilakSaNa buddhi evaM kuTila caturAI eka anivArya zarta hai / 'mUkamATI' jaise AdhyAtmika mahAkAvya meM isake lie koI sthAna nahIM hai| isa kAvya ke pAtroM ko hI lIjie-kyA hamane kabhI apanI buddhi ko nirjIva padArthoM evaM upAdAnoM meM AdhyAtmikatA ke bIjoM ko khojane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ? hama to hamAre jaise mAnava ko bhI aksara padArtha ke rUpa meM dekhate haiN| laghu va patita kahe jAne vAle hI aneka bAra hameM darzana kA pATha par3hA jAte haiN| jIvana kI pratyeka sthiti meM samabhAva banAe rakhanA yahI sAdhanA kA patha hai, yahI saphala evaM siddha jIvana kI kuMjI hai| mahAkAvya ke sraSTA ne vibhinna mUka pAtroM ke mAdhyama se ukta tathyoM ko samAja taka pahu~cAne kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| kavi ne una pAtroM kA upayoga kiyA hai, jinakI ora samAja kA dhyAna kabhI nahIM jAtA / vastu ko mUlyahIna batalAne ke lie usakI tulanA hama mATI se karate haiN| vastu ke mUlyoM meM jaba ekadama girAvaTa AtI hai, to hama kahate haiM miTTI ke bhAva bika rahI hai / atibhautikavAdI kA dRSTikoNa hI aisA bana jAtA hai / mahArAjazrI ne isI miTTI ko caraNoM tale se uThAkara himagiri ke dhavala-zveta nirvikAra zikhara taka pahu~cA kara vizva maMgalakArI ghoSita kara diyA hai| aisI dRSTi kevala eka sacce samAjasevI, tapasvI meM hI pAI jAtI hai| kavi ne pratyeka mUka pAtra evaM kAvyamayI paMktiyoM ke mAdhyama se tuccha samajhI jAne vAlI vastu meM AdhyAtmikatA ke darzana karAe haiN| zabdoM evaM vargoM meM nihita arthoM kA jo saTIka evaM bhAvAtmaka vizleSaNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai, usase kavi ke gahana AdhyAtmika cintana kA paricaya milatA hai / isa vizleSaNa se pAThaka svayaM anubhava karane lagatA hai ki kavi ke dvArA prayukta hara eka zabda AdhyAtmika mahattva rakhatA hai| zabdoM ko kisI bhI rUpa meM kyoM na rakheM, ve sabhI darzana kI zikSA dete haiN| ___ bhAgadaur3a evaM raMgareliyoM ke isa yuga meM kisake pAsa itanA samaya hai ki ve zabdoM kI zalyakriyA kara unameM AdhyAtmika evaM sAdhanA pakSa ke mUlyoM ko khojeM ? kintu isake lie samAja meM eka vizeSa varga hai jo isa zodha kArya meM nirantara lagA rahatA hai / vaha varga sAdhu-santa, tyAgI-tapasvI tathA RSi-muniyoM kA hai aura isakA jIvita svarUpa
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 245 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM dekhane ko milatA hai / ye sAdhaka apane upadeza, pravacana evaM 'mUkamATI' jaisI racanAoM dvArA samAja ke jIvana ko prabhAvita karate rahate haiN| prastuta racanA ke adhyayana se yaha AbhAsa nahIM hotA ki isake racayitA eka tape hue, vItarAgI evaM zramaNoM ke munivara haiM / unake bhautika viSayoM kI pakar3a ko dekhakara maiMne aisA kahA hai| AdhyAtmika pakSa to kavi-tapasvI kA jiyA huA yathArtha hai, jisakA samanvaya laukika pakSa ke sAtha kara kavi ne use udAtta va bhogya banA diyA hai| Adhunika yuga ke pratyeka kSetra evaM jIvana ke vibhinna AyAmoM para munizrI kI pakar3a evaM jJAna ke bhaNDAra para aisA adhikAra hai mAno ve sAkSAt use jI rahe haiN| sAmAnyata: sAdhanA mArga ke tapasvI varga ko vizva kI mAyAvI gatividhiyoM se koI matalaba nahIM hotA tathA jana-sAdhAraNa bhI unase yahI apekSA karatI hai| unakA kAma anAsakta jIvanayApana kara nirAkAra kI stuti-vandana kara usake dhyAna meM lIna raha samAja ke evaM svayaM ke Atma-kalyANa hetu sAdhanArata rahanA hai| unakI duniyA~ AtmA evaM paramAtmA taka sImita ho jAtI hai arthAt unakA astitva saMsAra meM hotA hai, para ve saMsAra ke nahIM hote haiN| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki eka vItarAgI saMnyAsI, jisane AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM svayaM ko svecchA se samarpita kara diyA hai, use sAMsArika prapaMcoM se dUra rahanA cAhie / mAnava samAja meM kyA ghaTita ho rahA hai ? kyA honA cAhie? kaise honA cAhie? tathA kyoM honA cAhie? - ina saba praznoM ke uttara vaha samAja kA eka gatizIla aMga bana kara nahIM de sakatA thA / Azrama yA maTha kI sImA ke bhItara hI tyAga, saMyama, prArthanA evaM pUjA-arcanA ke mAdhyama se hI samAja kA kalyANakArI aMga mAnA jAtA thaa| kintu Aja koI bhI vyakti samAja se taTastha raha kara usakA bhAgIdAra nahIM bana sktaa| parivartana hI sRSTi kA vidhAna hai| jahA~ parivartana nahIM, vahA~ gatizIlatA evaM pragati nahIM ho sktii| AdhyAtmika mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' ke kavi ne ni:sandeha apanI sAdhanA kI antardRSTi se isa satya kA anubhava kiyA hai tathA samAja taka ise pahu~cAne hetu unheM mAno daivI Adeza prApta huA hai, jise unhoMne kAvya kI bhASA meM preSita kiyA hai| Aja hara sAmAjika prANI kI samAja ke prati aura mAnavatA ke prati apane uttaradAyitva ko sakArAtmaka rUpa meM nibhAne kI mA~ga balavatI hotI jA rahI hai / ata: isa mahAkAvya ke kavi ne apanI kRti meM isa uttaradAyitva kA pUrNata: pAlana kiyA hai| Aja kA samAja kala ke ghise-piTe mUlyoM evaM mAnyatAoM para hI TikA nahIM raha sktaa| hama Aja hara kSetra meM praveza karate tvarita parivartana ko dekha sakate haiN| ye parivartana manuSya ko apanI Arambhika AsthA se bahuta dUra le jAkara use vikAsazIla aura pragatizIla samAja ke lie bAdhaka batalAte haiN| yahIM para AdhyAtmika sAdhaka upasthita hokara samAja ke AdhyAtmika kalyANa hetu apanI ahama bhUmikA nibhAtA hai, jisakA jvalanta udAharaNa hai 'muukmaattii'| prathama khaNDa kA dUsarA pramukha bindu hai 'saMgharSa' / saMgharSa hI jIvana hai / isa satya ko hama nakAra nahIM sakate / saMgharSoM ke samakSa ghuTane TekanA aura hAtha jor3anA jIvana ke satya se dUra bhAganA hai / jIvana ke antima kSaNa taka, lakSya kI prApti hetu saMgharSarata rahanA zAzvata jIvana kI mA~ga hai / jisa para bhI saphalatA kI upalabdhi ho yA na ho, isake lie hama javAbadeha nahIM haiM / saMgharSarata yathArtha jIvana kI cunautiyoM ko svIkAra karate hue, saharSa viphalatAoM kA AliMgana karanA, mAnava jIvana ke antima lakSya ko prApta karanA hai / AdhyAtmika sAdhanA evaM jaina darzana para AdhArita hone se 'mUkamATI' jaisI advitIya racanA para vistRta samIkSA prastuta karane meM maiM svayaM ko akSama anubhava kara rahI hU~, ata: unhIM binduoM para maiMne samIkSA karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, jinase maiM vizeSa rUpa se prabhAvita huI huuN| ___ manana evaM adhyayanazIla tapasvI kavi ne AdhunikatA ko AdhyAtmika dharAtala para rakha mAnavatA kA mUlyAMkana kiyA hai / saMsAra se dUra rahakara bhI kavi usakI pratyeka gatividhi se paricita hai / Adhunika vizva kI AdhunikatA ko
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________________ 246 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA gatizIla rakhane evaM usake mUla meM jo hai, una saba ko Adhunika takanIki bhASA evaM zabdAvaliyoM sahita isa kAvya meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / isase samAja ke prati kavi kI jAgarUkatA sahaja hI dekhI jA sakatI hai| parirvatana hI prakRti kA niyama hai'- isa siddhAnta ke sAtha tAlamela baiThAtA huA kavi pAThakoM ko AdhyAtmika jIvana va darzana ke srotoM kI ora le jAne meM saphala yogadAna de rahe haiN| saMgharSarata jIvana kI anivAryatA evaM usase ni:sRta hone vAlI zAzvata jIvana kI sArthakatA ko kavi ne una do pAtroM meM prANa phUMkakara spaSTa kiyA hai jo mAnava ko apanI satata gatizIlatA dvArA yaha batalAtI hai ki saMgharSa evaM zrama, jo dIrghakAlIna hote haiM, ve akhaNDa jIvana jyoti meM parivartita ho jAte haiN| ve mUka pAtra haiM-saritA taTa kI 'mATI' aura 'dharatI'-jo hamAre samakSa 'vizva mAtA' ke rUpa meM AtI hai| saMgharSa rUpI bha~varoM meM phaMsakara TUTa jAnA eka satya hai, kintu jaba TUTate yA DUbate hue ko sambala prApta hotA hai, taba saMgharSoM kI cunautiyoM kA sAmanA karanA AsAna ho jAtA hai / saritA taTa para thaper3oM ke bIca giratI-par3atI evaM coTeM khAtI miTTI dharatI mA~ se kahatI hai : "aura suno,/vilamba mata karo/pada do, patha do/pAtheya bhI do mA~ !"(pR.5) nirAzA meM AzA kI kiraNa saMgharSamaya jIvana ke prati dRSTikoNa meM parivartana kara use jIne yogya banA detI hai / hara upalabdhi kA apanA nirdhArita samaya hotA hai / tapa:zrI ne isa hetu dhairya evaM dIrgha pratIkSA kA AhvAna karatI huI, mA~ dharatI se khasakhasa ke sUkSma dAne kA udAharaNa uddhRta kiyA hai : "samucita kSetra meM usakA vapana ho/samayocita khAda, havA, jala use mileM/aMkurita ho, kucha hI dinoM meM/vizAla kAya dhAraNa kara vaTa ke rUpa meM avatAra letA hai,/yahI isakI mahattA hai|" (pR. 7) isa khaNDa kA dUsarA pramukha bindu hai saMgati kA prabhAva / jJAna ke muktAmaNi, taruNa, bAlabrahmacArIjI ne svayaM ke svabhAvAnukUla sphaTika sadRzya pAradarzI jala kA kAvyamayI evaM hRdayaMgama bhASA dvArA yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki vibhinna padArthoM evaM vyaktiyoM ke nikaTa samparka meM Ane se vyakti usI rUpa meM Dhala jAtA hai / ataeva saMgati ke cayana meM jIvana ke prati dUragAmI dRSTikoNa tathA usake pariNAmoM kA Akalana kara lenA cAhie / puruSArtha ko nikhArane, DhAlane aura use devatva taka agrasara karane meM saMgati kA prabhAva eka varadAna siddha hotA hai| __yaha vizva jo kSaNabhaMgura kahalAtA hai, sukha-duHkha donoM kA samanvita rUpa hai tathA jisake AdhyAtmika cakSu apane puruSArtha ke prati satata avalokana kA abhyasta ho gayA hai, vahI vyakti nirlipta hokara kSaNabhaMgura kahalAne vAle vizva ke mAdhyama se apane puruSArtha tathA zrama ke bala para hI apane abhISTa lakSya ko prApta kara letA hai| praNamya AcAryajI kI kRti 'mUkamATI' hamAre sAmane isI darzana ko spaSTa kara rahI hai ki manuSya kabhI parajIvI nahIM ho sktaa| vaha riddhi-siddhi ko prApta karane meM sakSama hai| manuSya ke lie nitya hI eka Adarza kI AvazyakatA rahI hai| isI se unhoMne saMgati kI upAdeyatA para dharatI mA~ se kahalavAyA hai : "jaisI saMgati milatI hai/vaisI mati hotI hai/mati jaisI, agrima gati milatI jAtI milatI jAtI" /aura yahI huA hai yugoM-yugoM se/bhavoM-bhavoM se !" (pR. 8)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 247 puruSArtha-sAdhanA-nimagna kavi ne svAnubhUti se yaha siddha kiyA hai ki saMgati ke sahI cayana kA mArga kauna-sA hai| sadiyoM se hI ucita-anucita ke cayana-tyAga kA sarvazreSTha mArga sAdhanA karmamArga ko hI aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isake nirvAhanArtha laukika jIvana kI apekSA alaukika jIvana mArga adhika upayukta pAyA gayA hai| kintu yathArtha ke dharAtala para hI sAdhanA kI upalabdhi ko adhyAtma-kavi ne donoM meM aikya ke samAgama se hI kathanI evaM karanI meM sAmya kI anivAryatA, tadanusAra unake sampreSaNa aura phira nikhAra kI nizcitatA kA udghATana kiyA hai / ise kavi kI hI vANI meM : "sarakana-zIlA saritA-sI/lakSya kI ora bar3hanA hI saMpreSaNa kA sahI svarUpa hai|" (pR. 22) mAnava kalyANa meM satata saMgharSarata santa-kavi ne adhyAtma sAdhanA kI saphalatA ko pUrNata: laukika jIvana ke saMgharSa meM hI batalAyA hai / antara vyaktigata AsthA para nirbhara karatA hai / gRhasthAzrama bhI siddha jIvana kI ora agrasara karatA hai / maulika sAdhaka kI parIkSA isI jIvana meM hotI hai jahA~ vaha 'kharA' sAbita hone hetu pala-pala rAkha' meM parivartita hotA rahatA hai / yaha zabda vizleSaNa jJAna-manISI ke cintana se prasphuTita huA hai / ina sabake atirikta saMnyAsI-jIvana ko hI zreSThatara nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / isa mahAkAvya meM hama isI kI mahimA dekhate haiM jo laghutama se mahattama kI ora le jAtA hai / saMsAra meM laghu evaM mUka kahalAne vAle pAtroM ke mAdhyama se yogI racanAkAra kahate "...jIvana kA/AsthA se vAstA hone para/rAstA svayaM zAstA hokara sambodhita karatA sAdhaka ko/sAthI bana sAtha detA hai| AsthA ke tAroM para hI/sAdhanA kI aMguliyA~/calatI haiM sAdhaka kI, sArthaka jIvana meM taba/svarAtIta saragama jharatI hai !/ samajhI bAta, beTA?" (pR.9) dharatI mA~ dvArA diyA gayA yaha sAdhanAtmaka pravacana donoM mArgoM ke sAdhakoM ke anurUpa hai| 'sva' ko vismRta kara jaba sAdhaka pArzva meM rahakara apanI bhUmikA ke prati sajaga va satarka rahatA hai, vahIM se usake puruSArtha ko abhivyakti prApta hone lagatI hai| laghutA se gurutA kA sUtrapAta yahIM se hotA hai / mahAkAvya kA prathama khaNDa kA adhyAtmavAda niSkriya AsthA ko sthAna nahIM detA kintu ise sAkAra karanA isakA parama dhyeya hai / isake Avazyaka tattva haiM-AtmAnubhUti evaM sampreSaNa / inakI upalabdhi sAdhanA ke DhA~ce meM DhalatI hai| AtmAnubhUti ke sAtha hI use AtmasAt karanA anivArya zarta hai| isake abhAva meM usakA koI mahattva nahIM hai / sAdhanA kI cunautiyA~ AsAna nahIM haiM / saba ke vaza kI bAta nahIM hai / isa meM tyAga, tapasyA, cintana-manana, ekAgracitta evaM karma ke prati sampUrNa AtmasamarpaNa hotA hai| sAdhanA ke mArga meM Ane vAle vyavadhAna kucha kama nahIM haiN| sarvaprathama hamArI prakRti evaM mAyAvI saMsAra ke pralobhana hamase saMlagna rahanA cAhate haiM kintu satata prayAsa tathA zrama dvArA samasta cunautiyA~ svIkArya ho jAtI haiM / AdhyAtmika kAvya ke racanAkAra ne jaina darzana ke anurUpa kisI bhI puruSArthayukta karma ko Arambha karane kA koI avasara yA muhUrta ko nahIM mAnA hai| yadi koI anukUlatA kI pratIkSA meM rahatA hai to usake puruSArtha ko yaha eka cunautI hotI hai| svayaM meM AsthAvAn vyakti ke lie hara prastuta avasara hI karmaThatA kA preraNAsrota hai| isI satya ko AsthA ke akSaya-AgAra
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________________ 248 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA mahArAjazrI ne kahA hai : "kabhI-kabhI/gati yA pragati ke abhAva meM/AzA ke pada ThaNDe par3ate haiM, dhRti, sAhasa, utsAha bhI/Aha bharate haiM,/mana khinna hotA hai kintu/yaha saba AsthAvAn puruSa ko/abhizApa nahIM hai, varan/varadAna hI siddha hote haiM/jo yamI, damI/haradama udyamI hai|" (pR. 13) jaina darzana svayaM eka vilakSaNa darzana hai, jisakI apanI maulikatA hai, tathA isI se usakI apanI eka alaga asmitA hai| apane puruSArtha ke bala para vyakti svayaM kA bhAgya nirmAtA hai / karmayoga aura zramarUpI do ahiMsAtmaka astroM se vaha saba kucha karane meM sakSama hai / puruSArtha evaM AsthA ke sopAnoM kI nIMva para vaha svayaM bhagavAn hai / Izvara bhagavAn ke astitva ko jaina darzana svIkAra karatA hai, kintu vizva saMcAlaka ke rUpa meM vaha use svIkArya nahIM hai / ataeva 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya manuSya ke karma, zrama, AsthA evaM puruSArtha kA kramavAra vizleSaNa prastuta karatA hai / anya dharma ke darzana ina tattvoM ko svIkArate to haiM, yadi kahIM bhinnatA hai to vaha hai bhAgyavAda' arthAt sRSTi ke sraSTA dvArA pUrva niyojita rUparekhA ke anurUpa manuSya kI gatividhiyA~ saMcAlita hotI haiM, isIlie kahA kahA gayA hai - 'honI ko koI TAla nahIM sktaa|' vyaSTi evaM samaSTi ke AdhyAtmika zodhana hetu vyakti ko mauna sAdhaka bana kara pratAr3anA, avahelanA, upekSA, pIr3A Adi ko apane bhItara samA lenA hotA hai| jaise kavi ne mATI evaM kumbhakAra ke udAharaNa dvArA prastuta kalaza ke sundara AkRti meM Dhalane ke pUrva mATI meM nihita bAdhaka aMzoM ko usameM se alaga karane kI jo prakriyA apanAI jAtI hai, yaha svayaM meM kavi kI apanI sUjhabUjha kI upaja hai, jo ki AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kI pAvana dharatI kI U~cAI para mATI ko AsIna karatA hai / AdhyAtmika kalpanA ke dhanI dharmavIra sAdhaka ne mATI kI zodhana kriyA ke daurAna usake pIDAyukta itihAsa ko kramaza: vyakta kiyA hai / azuddha ke zuddhIkaraNa hetu jar3a va cetana jagat ke apane niyama hote haiM / mATI ko zuddhIkaraNa hetu zilpI kumbhakAra para Azrita honA par3atA hai, taba hI use kumbhAkAra prApta hotA hai, jisakA prayoga hamAre pAvana evaM AdhyAtmika kAryakramoM evaM samArohoM para kiyA jAtA hai| samAja meM upekSita varga ke AdhyAtmika evaM bhautika utthAna hetu isa mahAkAvya ke mAdhyama se kavi kI apanI anamola dena hai| yadi samAja ise sAkAra rUpa de to Aja vizva meM vyApta azAnti, anAsthA, dveSa, IrSyA, svArthaparatA evaM ghRNA samApta ho sakatI hai, jo mAnavatA ke mArga meM bAdhaka hai| isa kRti kA mUla bhI yahI hai| . mATI evaM zilpakAra kA rUpaka bA~dha kara jo AdhyAtmika sandeza preSita kiyA gayA hai, usameM nihita kavi ke bhAvoM kI paripakvatA, bhASA kI sugamatA, zailI kI ojasvitA, cintana evaM saMyama kI dIpti ne punaH hameM yaha socane para vivaza kara diyA hai ki hama kyA haiM ? kahA~ se Ae haiM ? hama kyoM Ae haiM ? aura kyA hai hamArA gantavya ? mana, vacana va karma kI zuddhatA tathA samarUpatA hI sAdhaka-kavi kA samAja ko sandeza hai, yahI mAnava ko apane antima lakSya taka pahu~cAtA hai / sAttvika evaM tAmasika guNoM kA saMzleSaNa-vizleSaNa karate hue, 'sva' evaM 'para' kI vyAkhyA prastuta kara unakA paraspara sAmya aura vaiSamya ko bar3I bakhUbI se aMkita kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI vilAsa-vAsanA kI yugalabandI kara usase mohapAza' ko janma diyA / isI ke vipakSa meM 'dayA' aura 'vikAsa' se 'mokSa' kA mArga prazasta kiyA hai| saMvedana dharma' aura 'karuNA' ko pIyUSAgAra nirUpita kiyA hai| isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki darzana evaM AdhyAtmika mahAkAvya kI pratyeka paMkti AdhyAtmika tRSNA ko tRpta karatI huI, sudhI pAThakoM ko usa loka meM praveza karAtI hai, jahA~ vaha isa virATa vizva ko eka aise parivAra ke rUpa meM pAtA hai, jo ki eka hI prakAza piNDa ke vibhinna jyoti valayoM se vyApta hai / yadi
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 249 kucha darzanIya hai to vaha hai bhinna jyoti valayoM kA svayaM meM santoSa tathA pUrNatA kI alaukika anubhUti / yahA~ hai kevala prema-stavana, pUjA-arcanA, yazogAna kI tAneM / samaya va kAla ke bandhanoM se mukta mAnava svatantra svaroM meM premasAgara kI madhurimA - garimA aura zAnti ke AlApagAna meM hI vibhora ho jAtA hai / isa khaNDa kI itizrI santa - kavi ne samasta jIvoM ke prati dayAbhAva kA vyAvahArika pakSa prastuta kara saba kA jIvana-adhikAra sambala pradAna kara use dRr3ha banA diyA hai| prathama khaNDa kI mUla sAmagrI 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' ko sAdhanArata kavi ne yathArtha jIvana ke varNa vyavasthA kI vikRtiyoM evaM visaMgatiyoM ko udghATita karate hue vyakti meM vyApta burAiyoM kA niSkAsana kara usakI pauruSeya zakti ke upayoga para prakAza DAlA hai / vyakti ke svabhAva va karmoM kA mUlya hai, na ki jAtigata vibhAva kaa| 'mATI' evaM 'dharatI mA~' kA paraspara pAvana vArtAlApa guru-ziSya kI prAcIna bhAratIya paramparA kI gaurava garimA kA AhlAdakArI smaraNa ko jIvanta kara detI hai, jo Aja ke yuga meM bhautikavAda ke samakSa kala kA arthAt atIta kA Adarza mAtra raha gayA hai| samaya-samaya para itihAsakAra, sAhityakAra evaM samAjasevI jaise varga prAcIna guru-ziSya ke Adarza sambandhoM para lekha prastuta karate haiM, bhASaNa dete haiM, pratiyogitAoM kA Ayojana kara unheM granthoM meM surakSita rakhate tathA purAtatva vibhAga kI zobhA - vardhana karate haiM, jisakA ki yathArtha jIvana se koI sambandha nahIM raha gayA / isI kaTu satya ko racanAkAra samAja ke sAmane 'mUkamATI' ke Adarza dvArA prastuta kiyA hai| AkarSaNa anukaraNa ke lie bAdhya karatA hai, kintu jisake pAsa jo hai vahI to anyoM ko degA / sAdhanA kI bhaTTI meM tapakara jisane jo kharApana prApta kiyA hai usa para kIca, kaMkar3a, tinakA, patthara, lohe kI kaThoratA evaM zuSkatA kA prabhAva kabhI nahIM par3atA / AdhunikatA ne mAnava ko mAnavatA se kitanA dUra kiyA hai aura karatA hI jA rahA hai, isa yathArtha evaM vizvasanIya citraNa prastuta kara kavi ne mAnavatA kA sandeza diyA hai / yahI Aja ke vizva samAja kA ArtanAda hai, jise bhakta kavi ne anubhUta kiyA hai| prastuta khaNDa kA antima kintu atyAvazyaka bindu hai 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kI bhAvanA, jo bhAratIya saMskRti kA kendra bindu hai / isakA ullekha hamAre dharmagranthoM meM kiyA gayA hai tathA ise sAkAra karane hamAre RSi-muni, tapasvI evaM saMnyAsI varga sadiyoM se prayAsarata hai| vaha hara jIvadhArI ke prati mana, vacana evaM karma se ahiMsA, satya tathA pyAra kA sandeza prasArita karatA A rahA hai / kintu bhoga-lipsA meM lipta Aja ke pragatizIla evaM atyanta sabhya kahalAne vAle samAja ke gale se satya utarate nahIM / anta meM dayAvIra kavi ne Ahata marma se hamArI pAvana evaM tapobhUmi para se prAcIna AdarzoM kI niSThuratA se hatyA hotI dekha cintA evaM kheda vyakta kiyA hai| do zabdoM ke sAragarbhita vAkyAMza kA jo vizleSaNa prabuddha munizrI ne kiyA hai, use hama jIvana ke hara kSetra meM pAte haiM, kintu madahozI se mAnava jIvana satya se kosoM dUra bhaTaka gayA hai / prastuta mahAkAvya bhUle-bhaTake ko sahI mArga para avazya lAegA / kavi ko bhaya hai ki kahIM kaliyuga mAnava saMvedanAoM ko bhasma na kara de, ataH gururUpI dharatI mA~ dvArA hamAre hRdaya meM sthita pauruSa kI ora hamArA dhyAna AkarSita karate hue ve kahate haiM : "sat - yuga ho yA kaliyuga / bAharI nahIM / bhItarI ghaTanA hai vaha sat kI khoja meM lagI dRSTi hI / sat-yuga hai, beTA !" (pR. 83) manuSya meM AdhyAtmika jAgRti kA Arambha hI mAnavatA kA Arambha hai / isake lie isa khaNDa meM sAdhanAmArga ke vibhinna rUpoM dvArA santa-ziromaNi kavi ne atyanta saphalatApUrvaka vItarAgI jIvana kI AvazyakatA para prakAza DAlA hai / dvitIya khaNDa ' zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' kA Arambha 'prema' evaM 'namratA' kI nIMva para huA hai, jo ki 'mokSa' prApti kI AdhArazilA hai / kintu yahA~ eka bAta thor3I asaMgata-sI pratIta huI / pAzcAtya jagat kI
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________________ 250 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA gatividhiyoM ko AkrAmaka kI upAdhi die jAne se santa-kavi ke prati mana meM jo zraddhA hai, use Thesa pahu~cI hai / merA vizvAsa hai ki eka tapasvI-santa kavi ke lie na koI videzI-svadezI tathA na hI pAzcAtya evaM prAcya hai / unake lie to sArA vizva 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' hai, jisa para prathama khaNDa meM prakAza DAlA hai santajI ne| jaba mAnava hRdaya meM apanA' yA parAe' ke bhAva rahate haiM, taba saMkIrNatA, sampradAyavAda Adi vighaTanakArI tattvoM kA Arambha hotA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM vairAgya ke mahattva evaM anivAryatA para kavi ne tulanAtmaka zailI meM apane vicAroM ke manthana dvArA yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki eka ora to bhautika cakAcauMdha sAdhanA ke mArga meM vyavadhAna upasthita karatI hai, vahIM dUsarI ora mAyAmoha, nAte-rizte, vilAsa-vaibhava, aiza-aizvarya ina sabako tajakara AdhyAtmika evaM avinAzI sampadA ko sampanna karane hetu anAsakti ke jIvana ko varaNa karanA hI vAstavika evaM anAdi sukha tathA zAnti ke jIvana meM praveza karanA hai arthAt Izvara ke sAnnidhya meM vAsa karanA hai| sRSTi to svayaM kalyANakArI hai| mAnava mana hI use sat-asat tathA bhale-bure ke varga meM rakhatA hai| mana kI asthiratA evaM caMcalatA hI bhAvoM ko sAkAra karatI hai| mahAmanA kavi ne 'sAhitya' zabda kI vyAkhyA apanI maulika sUjha-bUjha ke sAtha prastuta kara mokSa hetu usakI bhUmikA ko spaSTa kara, Aja ke sAhitya meM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ke abhAva kI ora sudhI pAThakoM kA dhyAna AkarSita kiyA hai| sAtha hI sAhityakAroM ko unake AdhyAtmika uttaradAyitva ke prati sajaga kiyA hai / manuSya ke choTe se choTe tathA bar3e se bar3e karttavya ke mUla meM jIvana kI sArthakatA nihita hotI hai| mahAmahima kavi ne isa khaNDa meM bhASA kI maulikatA dvArA bhAvoM kI abhivyakti tInoM zailiyoM-vyaMjanA, lakSaNA tathA abhidhA kA bharapUra prayoga kiyA hai / isase vidvAn santa kavi ke sAhitya evaM vyAkaraNa ke gahana adhyayana va jJAna kA AbhAsa pAThakoM ko jIvana ke lakSya para socane ko vivaza kara detA hai / mAnava zizu meM saMskAroM kA ucita pallavana karanA pratyeka mAtA kA dharma-karma hotA hai / ise kavivara ne 'dharatI mA~' kA udAharaNa dete hue prastuta kiyA hai, jo ki vyaSTi ko samaSTi ke lie jIne kA sandeza detI hai| kintu Aja ke pariprekSya meM vyaktivAda ke bar3hate caraNa samaSTi ke lie jIne ke siddhAnta ko vismRta karatI dikhAI de rahI hai, jise kavi ne puna: jAgrata karane kA sandeza diyA hai| isa khaNDa meM dUsarI pramukha bAta yaha hai ki Aja ke yuga meM hara vyakti yaha cAhatA hai ki dusare usake izAroM para calate rheN| vaha dUsaroM ko yaha zikSA yA upadeza detA hai ki unheM kyA karanA cAhie aura kyA nhiiN| viDambanA yaha hai ki vaha svayaM apane upadezoM tathA zikSA ke pratikUla AcaraNa karatA hai / basa yahIM se aham' kA Arambha hotA hai tathA vikRta aham hara burAI kA mUla hai / santa kavi ne ThIka hI kahA hai ki aisoM kI saMkhyA bahuta adhika hai| kavizrI ne mAnava saMvegoM ke mUla meM jo paraspara AdAna-pradAna kA sukha hai, use sAdhanA ke mArga meM bAdhaka nirUpita kiyA hai, kAraNa ki isase bhautika sukha aura santuSTi kA jo anubhava kiyA jAtA hai vaha apanA phala isa saMsAra meM hI prApta kara letA hai tathA isameM puNya kA kahIM sthAna nahIM hotA / mAnava jIvana kI antima yAtrA, jo ki saMsAra meM usake janma lete hI prArambha ho jAtI hai, puNya hI to isa yAtrA kA antima lakSya hai, jise Aja kA bhautikavAdI, zikSita varga vismRta karatA jA rahA hai| saMvedanAoM kI jo vyAkhyA prastuta kI gaI hai, usase santa ke rasa, alaMkAra Adi ke sambandha meM apAra jJAna kI jhalaka sAmane AtI hai| bhakti rasa ke yathArtha Ananda kI anubhUti hetu mana kI ekAgratA, sthiratA evaM ekAnta ko anivArya batalAte hue sAdhanArata munijI ne zAnta rasa kI sahI arthoM meM vyAkhyA prastuta kara use bhakti kA mUla batalAyA hai, jise sAmAnya kavi isa dizA meM nahIM soca sktaa| cetana ko surakSita rakhane hetu jIvana ke hara kSaNa va pala ko 'parama kendra' yathArtha prabhu ke caraNoM meM samarpita karane ke siddhAnta ko kavizrI ne 'kendra' tathA 'paridhi ke antara ko spaSTa kiyA hai| kendra' sukha kI nidhi hai aura paridhi' ko bhramaNa kI saMjJA dI hai / zAzvata jIvana meM praveza hetu sAMsArika vighna-bAdhA, pralobhana, mAyA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 251 evaM moha ko 'cakkaradAra patha' kaha kara kavi ne yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki svarga kI ora jAne vAlA mArga sa~karA evaM ka~TIlA hai| yadi vyakti ise samajha letA hai to saharSa saMgharSoM va musIbatoM kA sAmanA samabhAva se karatA hai, kyoMki yaha mArga use mukti dilAtA hai| saMkhyAoM ke mAdhyama se kavi ne 'heya' evaM 'dhyeya' ko ujAgara kiyA hai, arthAt hara paMkti evaM zabda meM 'mokSadAyI' evaM 'pApamaya' binduoM ko hamAre samakSa udghATita kara hameM apane hara karma ko AdhyAtmika dRSTi se dekhane kI preraNA dI gaI hai| ___ jaina darzana ke anurUpa marmajJa kavi ne 'hI' tathA 'bhI' bIjAkSara kI taha meM praveza kara, unake darzana kI vyAkhyA kara, pAzcAtya evaM bhAratIya saMskRti meM nihita dRSTikoNoM ko ujAgara kara pAzcAtya jagat kI sAmantI bhAvanA ko loka ke Atma kalyANa ke pratikUla batalAyA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti, jo ki mAnava samAja ke bhAgya vidhAtA' ke rUpa meM peza kI gaI hai, vaha Aja ke bhArata ke DhA~ce ko dekhate hue usa para eka bahuta bar3A praznacihna laga jAtA hai / kavizrI ne bhI' ko lokatantra kI rIr3ha kI upAdhi dI hai / Aja deza meM chAe AtaMka ko dekhate hue kyA yaha kahanA ucita hai ki 'bhI' se 'svatantratA ke svapna sAkAra ho rahe haiM ? Aja 'bhI' rASTra ke vyakti svayaM ko kitanA asurakSita pA rahe haiM, ata: Aja 'bhI' saMskRti evaM sabhyatA ko atIta kI samRddhi, AdhyAtmikatA tathA gaurava gAthA para garva karanA tyAga kara, vartamAna paristhiti evaM pariveza kI cunautiyoM ke samakSa use sAkAra kara 'bhI' ke pAvana evaM vizva-bandhutva ke astitva ko jIvita rakha, sahI arthoM meM 'hI' kA mArgadarzana kara atIta ko jIne kA prayAsa kreN| anyathA, hama 'hI' ke hI samAna nitya dUsaroM ko kaheM ki 'tuma to tuccha, kucha nahIM ho' arthAt jaina darzana ke Adarza evaM samabhAva ke darzana 'anekAnta' tathA 'syAdvAda' ko 'hI' taka pahu~cA sakeM / 'samabhAva' se bar3hakara aura kauna-sA darzana ho sakatA hai ? AvazyakatA use jIne kI hai| isa khaNDa meM adhyAtmavAdI kavi ne hamArA dhyAna una mAnavIya guNoM evaM dharma kI ora AkarSita kiyA hai, jo Aja ke yuga meM kAyaroM evaM pauruSahInoM kI surakSA kI DhAla mAne jAte haiN| Aja chalI, dhUrta evaM mAyAvI vyakti hI vizva meM phalate-phUlate evaM saba para apanA varcasva jamAe rakhane meM saphala hote haiN| bhale hI samAja kA dhArmika varga aise logoM kI AlocanA evaM bhartsanA karatA hai, kintu vaha bhI kAyaratAvaza khulakara evaM samaya para apanI z2abAna para lagAma lagA lete haiM tAki ve kisI sArvajanika parezAnI meM na ulajha jaaeN| samAja ko isa prakAra kI kAyaratA se Upara uThAkara satya ke mArga para calane hetu prANoM kI bAz2I lagAne meM hI isa laghu varga ko apanI AvAz2a bulanda karanI cAhie, jaisA ki hamAre zraddheya bhakta kavi ne apanI lekhanI dvArA kiyA hai| isa khaNDa meM kavizrI ne saMjJA, sarvanAma, vizeSaNa Adi zabda bhedoM kA jo vizleSaNa kiyA vaha kavi ke adhyAtma cintana-manana kA hI saphala pariNAma hai, jisase sAdhanA kA sugama va sarvamAnya svarUpa samAja ko pradAna kiyA hai / isa khaNDa ke anta meM kavi ne usa akATya satya ko hamAre sAmane rakhA hai, jise kisI bhI sthiti meM TAlA nahIM jA sakatA hai aura jisa para dhyAna denA pratyeka vyakti kA parama - pAvana kartavya hai, jisakI avahelanA karanA, svayaM ko sarvanAza ke kagAra para le jAnA hai / yaha akATya satya hai ki hama saba isa vizva rUpI vizAla naukA meM yAtrI ke rUpa meM safara para haiN| saphala yAtrA hetu sabhI prakAra ke sAdhanoM ko pahale se hI juTA lenA par3atA hai / ThIka usI prakAra mAnava ko apanI AdhyAtmika maMz2ila taka pahu~cane meM una sAdhanoM ko juTAnA par3atA hai, jinheM na koI cora curA sakatA hai, na koI Dakaita lUTa sakatA aura na hI koI seMdha lagAkara le jA sakatA hai / vaha sAdhana hai-'mAnava ko mAnavatA se pyaar'| basa isI laghu vAkya meM mAnava-mukti kA rahasya chipA hai, jise kavi ne apanI sazakta lekhanI ke mAdhyama evaM vividha pratIkoM dvArA apanI AdhyAtmika racanA 'mUkamATI' ke isa khaNDa meM vyakta kiyA hai|
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________________ 252 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA tIsarA khaNDa spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki jIvana meM puNya karmoM kA apanA itihAsa hai jo ki jaghanya pApI ko bhI santa kI koTi taka pahu~cA detA hai / hama kitane svArthI evaM saMkIrNa banate jA rahe haiM, ise kavi ne isa khaNDa meM ullekhita kiyA hai| Aja svArthaparastI kA tANDava nRtya jIvana ke hara kSetra meM vyApta hai / isIlie devI-devatAoM evaM sarvazreSTha AdhyAtmika rASTra kahalAne vAlA hamArA bhArata Aja mAno apanI ucca AdhyAtmika Adarza kI asmitA ko khotA jA rahA hai| ise punarjIvita karane hetu hamAre AdhyAtmika-sAdhanArata muni zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne apanI anUThI evaM maulika racanA 'mUkamATI' kI sRSTi kara hamAre samAja meM AdhyAtmika jyoti prajvalita kara dI hai| Adhunika evaM vikAsazIla samAja meM bhautikavAda kI daur3a meM hara vyakti kitanA vyasta hai, isa para mahArAjajI kI lekhanI ne avirala gati se prakAza DAla kara yaha spaSTa kara diyA hai ki Aja manuSya zikSita hokara bhI ajJAna ke andhakAra meM bhaTaka rahA hai| tabhI to use prakAza kA mArga dikhAI nahIM de rahA hai| bhautikavAda kI lolupatA ne hameM dambhI banA diyA hai, jisakA ki sAdhanA meM koI sthAna nahIM hotA hai| sAdhanarata vyakti kisI bhI kSetra meM apanI vinamratA kA paricaya dekara logoM ke hRdaya meM ghara banA letA hai| sAdhanArata santa kI eka mAtra zakti hara sthiti meM usakI sahanazIlatA hotI hai / ise hamAre santa kavi jI rahe haiM, taba hI to santa svabhAva ke anukUla 'kathanI evaM karanI' kI samAnatA para Apane nirbhIka hokara apane cintana-manana ko prastuta kiyA hai| Aja hama eka-dUsare ko phalatA-phUlatA phUTI A~kha bhI nahIM dekha sakate / isIlie to kavi kI antarAtmA ArtanAda karatI huI kahatI hai : "yaha kaTu-satya hai ki/artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatI, artha kI lipsA ne bar3oM-bar3oM ko/nirlajja banAyA hai / " (pR. 192) kitanA satya hai kavi kA manana ! taba hI to Aja samAja ko va manuSyoM ke diloM ko dUra karane vAlA avizvasanIya yathArtha kA citraNa isa AdhyAtmika kRti meM huA hai| puruSa varga ne strI samAja kA zoSaNa to hamezA hI kiyA hai, kintu usakI cunautiyoM kA jo mu~hator3a javAba nArI detI rahI hai, naitikatA evaM AdhyAtmikatA ke kSetra meM, Aja to aisA lagatA hai ki puruSa se samAnatA karane hetu nArI inheM atIta kA anAvazyaka bandhana samajha kara use tor3a-pheMkane ke lie hara pala Atura dikhAI detI hai| 'abalA' zabda, jo nArI ko asahAya darzana ke lie prayoga kiyA jAtA rahA, bhakta-kavi ne usakI paribhASA bhI badala dI hai / nArI kI samasta AdhyAtmika zaktiyoM kA ullekha kara nArI ke prati apanI samasta zraddhA kA paricaya diyA hai| kintu, nArI samAja ko svayaM se gambhIratA pUrvaka yaha prazna karanA hai ki kyA vaha isa mahAn sAdhaka dvArA nArI kA jo mahimAgAna kiyA gayA hai, usake anukUla svayaM ko pAtI hai ? mujhe aisA pratIta hotA hai ki nimna do paMktiyoM dvArA apratyakSa rUpa se santajI ne kahA ki puruSoM kI vAsanA kA zikAra bananA nArI para nirbhara karatA hai, ata: nArI-zoSaNa kA pUrA doSI akelA puruSa nahIM hai / paMktiyA~ haiM : "kupatha-supatha kI parakha karane meM/pratiSThA pAI hai strI-samAja ne |"(pR.202) strI-puruSoM ke pavitra mithuna sambandhoM ko jo vikRta rUpa diyA jA rahA hai, kavizrI ne usakI pavitratA ko puna: pratiSThita karane hetu sambandhoM ke uddezya ko bar3e saTIka rUpa meM spaSTa kiyA hai tAki usameM azlIlatA kI gandha na lAI jaae| 'strI' zabda kI vyAkhyA, jise santa kavi ne prastuta kiyA hai, kI ora zAyada hI isake pUrva kisI kA dhyAna gayA hogA / sAmAnyata: 'strI' kahane se bhoga-vilAsa evaM alaMkaraNa kA bodha hotA hai / 's' evaM 'trI' vargoM kA vizleSaNa kara kavi
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 253 mahArAja ne 'strI' ko sabhI paristhitiyoM meM puruSa varga ke lie eka mahAn Adarza ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA hai, tathA donoM kI hitakAriNI 'strI' hI hai / vibhinna zabdoM kA prayoga, jo nArI ke lie kiyA jAtA hai, una saba meM usake maMgalakArI svarUpa ko hI kavi ne apanI lekhanI se nikhArA hai, jo Aja kI ati Adhunika nArI ko pathabhraSTa hone se bacAne ke lie ati Avazyaka / atIta ke garta meM usake sama-zIla-saMyama ke samA jAne ke pUrva nArI ko mahArAjazrI kI isa evaM uddhAraka racanA kA adhyayana avazya kara lenA cAhie, tAki Aja ke samAja evaM yuga kI strI-puruSa samAnatA kI mA~ga ko nArI usake sahI arthoM meM samajha sake tathA bhAratIya saMskRti meM nirUpita nArI kA rUpa vikRta evaM lAMchanIya na bane / Aja ke samAja meM bar3hate hue vargabheda, jAtibheda, arthabheda, varNabheda Adi sabhI viSayoM para kavi ne nirbhIka hokara apanI lekhanI evaM buddhi kA prayoga kiyA hai| mAnava ke bIca se uThate hue vizvAsa evaM bhAIcAre ke lopa ko punarjIvita karane hetu kavi kI racanA kA eka-eka zabda manana yogya hai, jo ki Aja ke samAja kI jvalanta samasyA banI huI hai / apanI racanA meM kavi ne bhAratIya paddhati ke cikitsA zAstra para prakAza DAlakara dharatI mAtA kI vipula sampadA, jo hameM AdhyAtmika, mAnasika evaM zArIrika samRddhi pradAna karatI hai, kI ora puna: lauTane kI preraNA dI hai / bhojanAdi ke ucita samaya jIvana kI dainika gatividhiyoM ko kisa prakAra anuzAsita kara sAttvika jIvanayApana kiyA jAe, isa maMgalasUtra bhI kavi ne hameM diyA hai jo pUrNata: vaijJAnika hone ke sAtha AdhyAtmika bhI hai| bhAgadaur3a ke isa yuga meM hamAre jIvana se anuzAsana samApta hotA jA rahA hai jo viphala evaM pAzvika jIvana kA dyotaka hai / kavi kI yaha racanA niHsandeha hama bhUle-bhaTakoM ke lie saMjIvanI bUTI kA kAma kara sakatI hai / kevala AvazyakatA hai saMyata citta evaM ekAgra mana kI / dUsarI mahattvapUrNa bAta kavi ne kahI hai pratyeka vyakti apane karmakSetra meM rahakara hI mukti pA sakatA hai / usake lie kevala uddezyoM kI pavitratA anivArya hai / hama dekhate haiM ki ye samasta AdhyAtmika zabdAvaliyA~ sabhya evaM susaMskRta kahe jAne vAle samAja ke lie ajJAnatA evaM pichar3epana ke paryAya haiM, kintu mujhe, tarasa AtA hai aise samAja para jo svayaM dayanIya sthiti meM hokara dUsaroM kI bhautika dayanIyatA para ha~sate haiM / bhUta parastI evaM tantra-mantra, jisane sAmAnya va bholI-bhAlI janatA ko apane pAza meM jakar3a rakhA hai, ise bhI aad ujAgara kara hameM andhavizvAsa kA tyAgakara mana ko niyantrita karane kI zikSA dI hai| ina sabase bar3hakara 'prema' evaM 'prArthanA', jo ki mAnava jIvana kI anivAryatA hai, ko kavizrI ne sarvopari rakhA hai| ye hI saba dharmoM kA mUla mantra hai / kavi kI samasta racanA ina mantroM se otaprota hai / anta meM yahI kahU~gI ki santavANI hamAre yuga ke lie eka aisI bheMTa hai jisakI hameM atyanta AvazyakatA hai / kevala yahI manokAmanA hai ki santa ke AzIrvAda se unake pravacana ko maiM apane jIvana meM utAra sakU~ tAki mere jIvana kA antima lakSya apanI pUrNatA ko prApta ho /
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________________ zabdoM ke jAdUgara AcArya vidyAsAgara aura unakI 'mUkamATI' DaoN. pavana kumAra jaina jaba ki hindI meM mahAkAvya likhane kI paramparA dama tor3a cukI hai, aise samaya meM AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI kAvya kRti 'mUkamATI' kA mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM prakAza meM AnA sukhada Azcarya hI hai / AcAryazrI ne isa kAvya kA muktaka chanda meM sRjana kara ke apabhraMza ke una jaina santa kaviyoM kI yAda ko tAz2A kara diyA, jinhoMne prAcIna kAla meM hindI ke vikAsa meM yogadAna diyA / yaha mahAkAvya cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai| pahale khaNDa meM mATI kI kaMkara yukta dazA kA citraNa hai| dUsare khaNDa meM mATI ke mAdhyama se kAvyazAstrIya vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa kAvya meM varNita rasa evaM prakRti kA tAttvika vivecana sAhitya zAstra ke vidvAnoM kA dhyAna AkarSita kregaa| tIsare khaNDa meM mATI kI vikAsa yAtrA Age bar3hatI hai| cauthe khaNDa meM mUka mATI kumbhAkAra dhAraNa kara letI hai aura usakI agni parIkSA kI ghar3I A jAtI hai / yaha kAvya dArzanika, dhArmika, sAmAjika tathA Adhunika sandarbhoM kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa racanA hai / grantha ke 'prastavana' meM zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ne likhA hai ki 'yaha kAvya Adhunika jIvana kA abhinava zAstra hai / ' kavi kI dRSTi meM : O O " bahanA hI jIvana hai / " (pR. 2) " dayA kA honA hI / jIva-vijJAna kA / samyak paricaya hai|" (pR. 37) jIvana-jIvana meM bhI antara hai / ise spaSTa karate hue kavi kathana hai : "eka kA jIvana / mRtaka - sA lagatA hai / kAntimukta zava hai, eka kA jIvana / amRta-sA lagatA hai / kAnti-yukta ziva hai / zava meM Aga lagAnA hogA, / aura / ziva meM rAga jagAnA hogA / " (pR. 84) jIvana ke sambandha meM santa mata prastuta karate hue kavi ukti hai : "sarvaM - sahA honA hI / sarvasva ko pAnA hai jIvana meM santoM kA patha yahI gAtA hai / " (pR. 190 ) jIvana ke sAtha du:kha-sukha lage hI rahate haiN| kisI ne kahA hai ki 'marz2a kA hada se guz2ara jAnA hI hai davA ho jaanaa|' isI raMga aura DhaMga meM kavi kahatA hai : "pIr3A kI ati ho / pIr3A kI iti hai / aura pIr3A kI iti hI / sukha kA atha hai|" (pR. 33) kavi ne duHkha se mukti kA mArga bhI sujhAyA hai : " rasanA hI / rasAtala kI rAha rahI hai/ yAnI ! jo jIva apanI jIbha jItatA hai/du:kha rItatA hai usI kA sukha-maya jIvana bItatA hai / ciraMjIva banatA vahI / " (pR. 116)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 255 kAyA aura mAyA kA paraspara ghaniSTa sambandha hai / use sahAre kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| isa sambandha meM kavi kA mata hai : "kAyA jar3a hai nA ! / jar3a ko sahArA apekSita hai, / aura vaha bhI jaMgama kA / aura suno ! / kAyA se hI mAyA palI hai /mAyA se bhAvita - prabhAvita mati merI yaha / " (pR. 66) kavi ke anusAra kAyA meM vyApta kAmavRtti kA hI dUsarA nAma kAyaratA hai| vaha kahatA hai " jo kAmavRtti hai / tAmasatA kAya-ratA hai vahI sahI mAyane meM / bhItarI kAyaratA hai !" (pR. 94 ) AtmA ke sambandha meM kavi kA spaSTa mata hai : ati saMkSepa meM mokSa ko paribhASita karate hue kavi ne likhA hai : "du:kha AtmA kA svabhAva - dharma nahIM ho sakatA, moha - karma se prabhAvita AtmA kA / vibhAva- pariNamana mAtra hai vaha / " (pR. 305 ) 66 'puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI / mokSa hai, sAra hai / " (pR. 93 ) manuSya prAya: apane Apa ko patita aura laghu mAnatA hai| prazna uThatA hai kyoM ? isa kyoM kA uttara kavi kI ina paMktiyoM meM khojA jA sakatA hai : O : " tUne jo / apane Apako / patita jAnA hai / laghu-tama mAnA hai yaha apUrva ghaTanA/ isalie hai ki / tUne / nizcita rUpa se prabhu ko, / guru-tama ko / pahacAnA hai !" (pR. 9) kavi kA mAnavatAvAdI dRSTikoNa isa mahAkAvya meM sarvatra chAyA huA hai / kintu vaha mAnavatA para praznacihna lagAne para bhI vivaza ho gayA hai : "kyA isa samaya mAnavatA / pUrNata: marI hai ? / kyA yahA~ para dAnavatA A ubharI hai--- ?/ laga rahA hai ki / mAnavatA se dAnavattA / kahIM calI gaI hai ? aura phira / dAnavatA meM dAnavattA / palI hI kaba thI vaha ?" (pR. 81-82) kavi bhAgyavAdI bhI hai / usa ke anusAra 'kumbhakAra' se bar3A bhAgyavAdI zAyada dUsarA nhiiN| 'kuM' kA artha hotA hai dharatI aura 'bha' se banatA hai bhAgyavAn arthAt : "yahA~ para jo / bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai / " (pR. 28 ) isa mahAkAvya meM kavi ne AsthA para gahana cintana prastuta kiyA hai : " AsthA ke binA rAstA nahIM / mUla ke binA cUla nahIM,
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________________ 256 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA parantu/mUla meM kabhI/phUla khile haiM ?" (pR. 10) "AsthA ke viSaya ko/AtmasAt karanA ho/use anubhUta karanA ho to/sAdhanA ke sA~ce meM/svayaM ko DhAlanA hogA saharSa !" (pR. 10) "sAdhanA ke kSetra meM/skhalana kI sambhAvanA/pUrI banI rahatI hai / " (pR. 11) "AyAsa se DaranA nahIM/Alasya karanA nahIM !" (pR. 11) "pratikAra kI pAraNA/chor3anI hogI, beTA !/aticAra kI dhAraNA tor3anI hogI, beTA !/anyathA,/kAlAntara meM nizcita/ye donoM AsthA kI ArAdhanA meM/virAdhanA hI siddha hoMgI !" (pR. 12) santa sAhitya meM saMgati kA bar3A mahattva batAyA gayA hai| nAmadeva ne saMgati ko govinda prApti kA mArga batAyA hai / kabIra ke anusAra saMgati ke prabhAva se karmAnusAra phala milatA hai / ravidAsa mAnate haiM ki sAdhu saMgati binA bhakti nhiiN| dAdU ne saMgati ko amola ratna batAyA hai| malUkadAsa kahate haiM ki sAdhu saMgata kA samaya bItA jA rahA hai / sundaradAsa ne ise durlabha batAyA hai / nAnaka isa ke binA janma hI nirarthaka mAnate haiM / mahAkAvyakAra AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke anusAra : "jaisI saMgati milatI hai/vaisI mati hotI hai mati jaisI, agrima gati/milatI jAtI milatI jAtI.. aura yahI huA hai/yugoM-yugoM se/bhavoM-bhavoM se !" (pR. 8) kabIra ke anusAra Atma saMyama ke binA saphalatA sambhava nhiiN| dAdUdayAla kA mata hai ki saMyama se sirajanahAra kI prApti ho sakatI hai| ravidAsa kahate haiM ki indriya kA saMyama AtmavizvAsa utpanna karatA hai / AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA hai : 0 "saMyama ke binA AdamI nahIM/yAnI/AdamI vahI hai jo yathA-yogya/sahI AdamI hai / " (pR. 64 ) 0 "niyama-saMyama ke sammukha,/asaMyama hI nahIM, yama bhI/apane ghuTane Teka detA hai, hAra svIkAranA hotI hai/nabhazcaroM surAsuroM ko !" (pR. 269) pratizodha dvArA zAnti sambhava nahIM hai / vaha to eka Aga hai, jo jalAnA jAnatI hai / kavi ke zabdoM meM : "badale kA bhAva vaha anala hai/jo/jalAtA hai tana ko bhI, cetana ko bhI bhava-bhava taka!/badale kA bhAva vaha rAhu hai/jisake/sudIrgha vikarAla gAla meM choTA-sA kavala bana/cetanarUpa bhAsvata bhAnu bhI apane astitva ko kho detA hai / " (pR. 98) kabIra ke anusAra kisI ke aparAdha ko kSamA karanA U~ce vyaktitva kA dyotaka hai| ravidAsa ne kSamAzIlatA sAdhu ke lie Avazyaka mAnI hai / dAdUdayAla ne to ise mokSa kA mArga svIkAra kiyA hai| sundaradAsa ne ise anAhadavAda meM sthAna
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 257 diyA hai / malUkadAsa ne bhI isake mahattva ko svIkAra kiyA hai / nAnaka ise samasta rogoM aura doSoM se mukta karane vAlA batAte haiN| AcArya vidyAsAgara kahate haiM : "sammAmi, khamaMtu me-/kSamA karatA hU~ sabako,/kSamA cAhatA hU~ sabase, sabase sadA-sahaja basa/maitrI rahe merI !/vaira kisase/kyoM aura kaba karUM? yahA~ koI bhI to nahIM hai/saMsAra-bhara meM merA vairI!" (pR. 105) 'jo Ave santoSa dhana, saba dhana dhUli samAna'- santoM kA Adarza vAkya rahA hai| unhoMne kabhI bhI sonA, cA~dI, hIrA, pannA yA mahala-dumahaloM kI sapane meM bhI kAmanA nahIM kii| unhoMne ise sadaiva tuccha samajhA / AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke anusAra : "svarNa kA mUlya hai/rajata kA mUlya hai/kaNa ho yA mana ho prati padArtha kA mUlya hotA hI hai,/parantu,/dhana kA apane Apa meM mUlya kucha bhI nahIM hai |/muul-bhuut padArtha hI/mUlyavAna hotA hai| dhana koI mUlabhUta vastu hai hI nahIM/dhana kA jIvana parAzrita hai para ke lie hai, kAlpanika !/...dhanika aura nirdhana-/ye donoM vastu ke sahI-sahI mUlya ko/svapna meM bhI nahIM A~ka sakate, kAraNa,/dhana-hIna dIna-hIna hotA hai prAya:/aura/dhanika vaha viSayAndha, madAdhIna !!" (pR. 307-308) 'mATI' ko le santoM aura dArzanikoM ne bahuta kucha kahA hai / kumbhakAra miTTI ko pairoM tale rauMda rahA hai| miTTI kumbhakAra se kahatI hai : 'Aja tU mujhe rauMda rahA hai, kala maiM tujhe rauNduuNgii|' santoM kI uktiyoM ke anusAra eka dina yaha kaMcana kAyA miTTI meM hI mila jAegI / mATI kI mUka dhvani ko AcAryazrI ne kAna lagA kara sunA aura isa mahAn mahAkAvya kI racanA kara ddaalii| eka sthAna para ve yadi mATI kA citraNa dulhana-sA karate haiM to anyatra yaha bhI likhate haiM : "mATI kI zAlInatA/kucha dezanA detI-sI...! 'mahAsattA-mA~ kI gaveSaNA/samIcInA eSaNA/aura saMkIrNa-sattA kI virecanA/avazya karanI hai tumheM !" (pR. 51) santoM ke anusAra bhojana ke lAlaca meM to siMha bhI ThagA jAtA hai / khAnapAna para pAlita zarIra kA anta citA meM ho jAtA hai / AtmA kA sambandha svAdiSTa AhAra se nahIM hai / vAstava meM mahAn vaha hai jo rUkhA-sUkhA khA kara bhI dUsaroM kI bhUkha miTAtA hai / bhojana to zarIra saMcAlana kA nimitta mAtra hai| kucha santoM ne a~dhere meM bhojana karane kA niSedha kiyA hai| nAnaka ne parizrama kI roTI khAne para bala diyA hai| manuSya anna khAtA hai aura anna manuSya ko, kintu donoM hI atRpt| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI vANI meM jaise samasta santa vANI kA sAra samA gayA hai : 0 "AdhA bhojana kIjie/duguNA pAnI pIva / tiguNA zrama cauguNI ha~sI/varSa savA sau jIva !" (pR. 133) 0 "rasa kA svAda usI rasanA ko AtA hai
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________________ 258 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA jo jIne kI icchA se hI nahIM,/mRtyu kI bhIti se bhI Upara UThI hai / " (pR. 281 ) santoM ne vyavahAra kuzalatA kA mArga dikhAkara sAmAjika jIvana kA bhI nirdezana kiyA hai| vidyAsAgarajI ke anusAra : "jaba suI se kAma cala sakatA hai/talavAra kA prahAra kyoM ? jaba phUla se kAma cala sakatA hai/zUla kA vyavahAra kyoM ? jaba mUla meM bhUtala para raha kara hI/phala hAtha laga rahA hai taba cUla para car3hanA/mAtra zakti-samaya kA apavyaya hI nahIM, sahI mUlyAMkana kA abhAva bhI siddha karatA hai|" (pR. 257) santa vANI meM kabIra Adi santoM ne durjana kI nindA kI hai| durjana kauna ? isa kA uttara vidyAsAgarajI ne ina zabdoM meM diyA hai : "auroM ke sukha ko dekha, jalanA/auroM ke duHkha ko dekha, khilanA durjanatA kA sahI lakSaNa hai|" (pR. 168) durjana vyakti to sahadharmI ko bhI sahana nahIM kara pAtA, ata: kavi ne likhA hai : "sahadharmI sajAti meM hI/vaira vaimanaska bhAva/paraspara dekhe jAte haiM ! zvAna zvAna ko dekha kara hI/nAkhUnoM se dharatI ko khodatA huA gurrAtA hai burI taraha / " (pR.71) manovijJAna kI dhurI mana hai / unnIsavIM zatAbdI se pUrva mana/AtmA kA adhyayana darzanazAstra kA viSaya thaa| Aja manovijJAna eka svatantra cintana kA viSaya hai / mahAvIra ke anusAra jisake dvArA manana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha mana hai| saba arthoM ko jAnane vAlA jJAna mana kahalAtA hai / yaha cAra prakAra kA hotA hai-dravya mana, bhAva mana, cetana mana aura paudgalika mana / nAmadeva kI mAnyatA hai ki mana kI vyathA mana hI jAnatA hai / yaha sAre saMsAra meM bhramaNa karAtA hai tathA gaja ke samAna hai / kabIra ke anusAra dasa indriyoM meM se eka mana hai| yaha jala se adhika patalA, dhue~ se adhika jhInA aura vAyu se adhika drutagAmI hai / isa ke cAra bhAga haiM- mana, buddhi, citta evaM ahaMkAra / isa para niyantraNa Avazyaka hai| ravidAsa kahate haiM ki piu usa mana meM nahIM AtA jahA~ ahaMkAra kA vAsa hotA hai / ise sAdhane para jJAna, dhyAna Adi upalabdha ho jAte haiN| dAdU kA kahanA hai ki pavitra mana hone para zarIra ke vikAra naSTa ho jAte haiN| sundaradAsa kahate haiM ki mana pala meM maratA aura pala meM jItA rahatA hai / malakUdAsa kahate haiM jaba mana ke pakhAvaja para prema ke tAra bajane lagate haiM to mana nAcane lagatA hai / nAnaka ne mana kI utpatti paMca tattvoM - AkAza, pavana, agni, jala aura pRthvI - se mAnI hai| unhoMne mana ko mAra kara paramAtmA ko pAne kA upadeza diyA hai| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne ukta sabhI matoM kA nicor3a sarala bhASA aura mukta chanda meM prastuta kiyA hai : "mana ko chala kA sambala milA hai-/svabhAva se hI mana caMcala hotA hai, tathApi/isa mana kA chala nizcala hai/mana mAyA kI khAna hai nA! badalA lenA ThAna liyA hai/...vaise/mana vaira-bhAva kA nidhAna hotA hI hai / mana kI chA~va meM hI/mAna panapatA hai/mana kA mAthA namatA nahIM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 259 na-'mana' ho, taba kahIM/namana ho 'samaNa' ko/isalie mana yahI kahatA hai sadA nama na ! nama na !! nama na!!!" (pR. 96-97) mana para zAsana kI kAmanA karate hue AcAryazrI ne likhA hai : "puruSa kA prakRti para nahIM,/cetana para/cetana kA karaNa para nahIM, antaHkaraNa-mana para/mana kA tana para nahIM,/karaNa-gaNa para/aura karaNa-gaNa kA para para nahIM,/tana para/niyantraNa-zAsana ho sdaa| kintu/tana zAsita hI ho/kisI kA bhI vaha zAsaka-niyantA na ho, bhogya hone se|" (pR. 125) Adhunika manovaijJAnikoM ne eka bahuta hI kImatI zabda diyA hai - 'jijIviSA', jisa kA artha hai-jIne kI icchA / kintu prazna uThatA hai kaise jIne kI icchA.? viparIta paristhitiyoM meM bhI anukUlatA para dRSTi rakhate hue jInA jijIviSA kahalAtI hai / isa zabda kA prayoga AcAryazrI ne 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM do sthAnoM para kiyA hai| eka sthAna para mahAkAvya kA eka pAtra seTha cAroM ora se nirAzA aura cintAoM meM ghira jAtA hai ki usameM jijIviSA jAga uThatI hai: "dala kI damanazIla dhamakiyoM se/seTha ke sivA/parivAra kA dila hila uThA, usake dRr3ha saMkalpa ko/pasInA-sA chUTa gayA !/usakI jijIviSA balavatI huI aura vaha/jIvana kA avasAna/akAla meM dekha kara/Atma-samarpaNa ke viSaya meM socane ko bAdhya hotA, ki/nadI ne kahA turanta,/utAvalI mata karo!" (pR. 469) anyatra isa zabda kA prayoga isa prakAra huA hai : "jahA~ para/kucha pazu, kucha mRga/kucha ahiMsaka, kucha hiMsaka kucha mUrchita, kucha jAgRta/kucha mRtaka, kucha ardha-mRtaka akAla meM kAla ke kavala hone se/saba ke mukhoM para/jijIviSA bikharI par3I hai, saba ke saba vivaza ho/bahAva meM bahe jA rahe haiN|" (pR. 450) aparAdha zAstra bhI manovijJAna kI eka mahattvapUrNa zAkhA hai / aparAdha ke sambandha meM mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki samAja meM puNyahIna manuSya aparAdha na karatA huA bhI aparAdhI ho jAtA hai aura puNyavAn jIva aparAdha karatA huA bhI niraparAdhI ke samAna ho jAtA hai| santa bhI aparAdhI se nahIM, usake aparAdha se ghRNA karane ko kahate haiM / aparAdha zAstra bhI aparAdhI ko rogI mAna kara usake upacAra kI bAta karatA hai| AcArya vidyAsAgara ke anusAra : "tumhArI dRSTi kA aparAdha hai vaha/kyoMki/paridhi kI ora dekhane se cetana kA patana hotA hai/aura/parama-kendra kI ora dekhane se cetana kA jatana hotA hai|" (pR. 162)
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________________ 260 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA daNDa saMhitA kA uddezya spaSTa karate hue tathA mRtyu daNDa kA virodha karate hue kavi kahatA hai : "uddaNDatA dUra karane hetu/daNDa-saMhitA hotI hai/mAnA,/daNDoM meM antima daNDa prANadaNDa hotA hai |/praanndnndd se/auroM ko to zikSA milatI hai, parantu/jise daNDa diyA jA rahA hai/usakI unnati kA avasara hI samApta / daNDa-saMhitA isako mAne yA na mAne,/krUra aparAdhI ko krUratA se daNDita karanA bhI/eka aparAdha hai, nyAya-mArga se skhalita honA hai|" (pR. 430-431) Aja rAjanIti samasta jJAna-vijJAna kI mApanI bana gaI hai| kintu kavi ne sadaiva rAmarAjya kA sapanA dekhA hai| unhoMne AsamAnI rAjya kI kalpanA kI hai aura pada-lolupatA kI nindA kI hai| Aja saMsAra kaliyuga ke rAjya meM sA~sa le rahA hai / sat-yuga aura kaliyuga ke sambandha meM AcAryazrI ne likhA hai : "sat-yuga ho yA kaliyuga/bAharI nahIM/bhItarI ghaTanA hai vaha sat kI khoja meM lagI dRSTi hI/sat-yuga hai !" (pR. 83) yaha prArthanA mAtra kavi kI apane lie hI nahIM hai| sabhI rAjanetA ise doharAe~ : "pada-lipsA kA viSadhara vaha/bhaviSya meM bhI hameM na tUMghe basa yahI bhAvanA hai, vibho !" (pR. 434) zvAna aura siMha ke mAdhyama se kavi ne spaSTa kara padalolupa rAjanetAoM para tIkhA prahAra kiyA hai : "zvAna ko patthara mArane se, vaha/patthara ko hI pakar3akara kATatA hai mAraka ko nahIM !/parantu/siMha.../mAraka para mAra karatA hai vaha / ...kabhI bhI yaha nahIM sunA ki/siMha pAgala huA ho |/shvaan... jaba kabhI kSudhA se pIr3ita ho/...mala para bhI mu~ha mAratA hai vaha,/aura jaba mala bhI nahIM milatA "to/apanI santAna ko hI khA jAtA hai, kintu, suno !/bhUkha, miTAne hetu siMha viSThA kA sevana nahIM karatA / " (pR. 170-171) lokatantra kA artha spaSTa karate hue AcAryazrI ne likhA hai : " 'hI' pazcimI-sabhyatA hai/ bhI hai bhAratIya saMskRti, bhAgya-vidhAtA / rAvaNa thA 'hI' kA upAsaka/rAma ke bhItara 'bhI' baiThA thaa| yahI kAraNa ki/rAma upAsya hue, haiM, raheMge Age bhI/'bhI' ke Asa-pAsa bar3hatI-sI bhIr3a lagatI avazya,/kintu bhIr3a nahIM,/'bhI'lokatantra kI rIr3ha hai| loka meM lokatantra kA nIr3a/taba taka surakSita rahegA jaba taka 'bhI' zvAsa letA rhegaa|" (pR. 173)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 261 kambala: AkAza meM kisI bhI prakAra se utpanna kSobha, jo vAyu taraMga dvArA kAnoM taka jA kara sunAI par3e, zabda kahalAtA hai| zabdakoza qabristAna hai aura zabda usakI kabroM meM soI huI z2indA lAzeM / jaba koI jAdUgara (sAhityakAra) apanI jAduI char3I rUpI lekhanI kI chuvana se unheM jagAtA hai to zabda abhivyakti aura sampreSaNa ke rupahale paridhAna pahanakara camatkAra utpanna kara dete haiN| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI zabdoM ke jAdUgara haiN| unhoMne zabdoM ko nae artha pradAna kie haiM tathA unheM nae pariveza meM prayoga kiyA hai| kucha zabdoM kA camatkArI artha prastuta hai : gadhA : "merA nAma sArthaka ho prabho !/yAnI/gada kA artha hai roga hA kA artha hai hAraka/ maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA baneM / ''basa, aura kucha vAMchA nahIM/gada-hAgadahA'..!" (pR. 40) astra, zastra, vastra : "astroM, zastroM, vastroM/aura kRpANoM para bhI/'dayA-dharma kA mUla hai' likhA milatA hai |/kintu,/kRpaann kRpAlu nahIM haiM/ve svayaM kahate haiM hama haiM kRpANa/hama meM kRpA na !/kahA~ taka kaheM aba !/dharma kA jhaNDA bhI DaNDA bana jAtA hai/zAstra zastra bana jAtA hai/avasara paakr|" (pR. 73) "kama balavAle hI/kambalavAle hote haiM aura/kAma ke dAsa hote haiN| hama balavAle haiM/rAma ke dAsa hote haiN|" (pR. 92) saMgIta prItiH "saMgIta use mAnatA hU~/jo saMgAtIta hotA hai/aura/prIti use mAnatA hU~ jo aMgAtIta hotI hai/merA saMgI saMgIta hai/sapta-svaroM se atIta..!" (pR. 144-145) dogalA: ""maiM do galA"/isa se pahalA bhAva yaha nikalatA hai, ki/maiM dvibhASI hU~ bhItara se kucha bolatA hU~/bAhara se kucha aura "/paya meM viSa gholatA huuN| ...dUsarA bhAva sAmane AtA hai :/maiM dogalA/chalI, dhUrta, mAyAvI hU~ ajJAna-mAna ke kAraNa hI/isa chadma ko chupAtA AyA huuN|/...tiisraa bhAva kyA hai - ...saba vibhAvoM-vikAroM kI jar3a/'maiM" yAnI ahaM ko do galA-kara do samApta |"(pR. 175) mahilA : "jo/maha yAnI maMgalamaya mAhaula,/mahotsava jIvana meM lAtI hai mahilA kahalAtI vh|" (pR. 202) lakSmaNa rekhA : "lakSmaNa-rekhA kA ullaMghana/rAvaNa ho yA sItA rAma hI kyoM na hoM/daNDita karegA hI !"(pR. 217) zrIphala : "prAya: saba kI coTiyA~/adhomukhI huA karatI haiM,/parantu zrIphala kI UrdhvamukhI hai|/ho sakatA hai/isIlie zrIphala ke dAna ko mukti-phala-prada kahA ho|" (pR. 311)
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________________ 262 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA svastika : "svayaM kA pratIka, svastika aMkita karatA hai-/'sva' kI upalabdhi ho sabako isI eka bhAvanA se |/aur/prti svastika kI cAroM pA~khuriyoM meM kazmIra-kesara mizrita candana se/cAra-cAra bindiyA~ lagA dIM jo batA rahIM saMsAra ko, ki/saMsAra kI cAroM gatiyA~ sukha se zUnya haiN| isI bhA~ti,/pratyeka svastika ke mastaka para candra-bindu sameta,/oMkAra likhA gayA/yoga evaM upayoga kI sthiratA hetu / yogiyoM kA dhyAna/prAya: isI para TikatA hai / " (pR. 309) ___ AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne nae kaviyoM jaise prayoga isa mahAkAvya meM karake prayogavAdI kavi-dharma kA nirvAha bhI kiyA hai / eka udAharaNa prastuta hai : "saMsAra 99 kA cakkara hai/yaha kahAvata caritArtha hotI hai isIlie/bhavika mumukSuoM kI dRSTi meM/99 heya ho aura dhyeya ho 9/nava-jIvana kA srota !" (pR. 167) AcAryazrI ne isa kAvya meM rasa Adi ke atirikta sAhitya kI saiddhAntika carcA bhI kI hai| eka sthAna para ve sAhitya kA artha spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM : "hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai aura sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai,/artha yaha huA ki jisa ke avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava-sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai|" (pR. 111) sAhitya ke kSetra meM sampreSaNa kA bar3A mahattva hai / isa sambandha meM AcAryazrI ne likhA hai : "lakSya kI ora bar3hanA hI/sampreSaNa kA sahI svarUpa hai... sampreSya ke prati/kabhI bhUlakara bhI/adhikAra kA bhAva AnA sampreSaNa kA durupayoga hai,/vaha phalIbhUta bhI nahIM hotA! ...prAthamika dazA meM/sampreSaNa kA sAdhana/kucha bhAra-sA lagatA hai nissAra-sA lagatA hai/aura/kucha-kucha mana meM tanAva kA vedana bhI hotA hai|" (pR. 22-23) pR.3. payaracalatA hai.... - - - ... manase bhii| 1: 2 6LATE
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : pichale dazaka kI eka sarvAdhika sazakta kRti DaoN. mithileza kumArI mizra 'mUkamATI' AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI cintana-dhArA evaM vaicArika bhAvabhUmi kA kAvyAtmaka sphoTa hai / isameM AcAryajI ne bhAratIya darzana ke tattvAMzoM kA nicaya sAmAsika zailI meM prastuta kiyA hai| darzana tathA dharma ke nigUr3ha tattvoM ko kAvya ke sA~ce meM DhAlane kI prakriyA atyanta durUha hotI hai / isIlie aupaniSadika sAhitya mAtra prAjJa-praur3ha puruSoM taka hI saMsImita raha gayA hai / darzana tathA dharma kA mUlAdhAra hai - kaThora siddhAnta evaM dRr3ha vrata / ina donoM AlamboM para kAvya kA audArya aura sauSThava khar3A karanA kitanA duSkara ho sakatA hai, ise kAvya-sraSTA aura sAhitya-marmajJa hI samajha sakate haiN| svAmIjI ke sAmane jo Adarza aura tathyAMga the unheM mAtra cintana aura adhyAtma ke cakSu se hI dekhA aura parakhA jA sakatA thA / Ananda aura saundarya kAvya ke caramoddezya haiM / inameM laukikatA kI sampravAhI dhArA antarlipta hai| samIkSaka madhumatI bhUmikA' aura 'samAdhi' ko bhale hI samatulya mAna leM kintu rasAsvAdana meM inake pArthakya kA bodha unheM bhI hai| yogI kI 'samAdhi' darzana hai aura sAhitya kI 'madhumatI bhUmikA' kAvya / mere isa vicAra se sudhI vicAraka sahamata nahIM bhI ho sakate haiM kintu merA yaha nijI pratyaya aura vizvAsa hai / maiM mAnatI hU~ ki kucha aise cintaka evaM vicAraka bhI hote haiM jo kAvya kI paramparA aura pUrva nirdhArita siddhAntoM kA adhilaMghana kara nae mAnadaNDa kA nirdhAraNa karate haiN| aise yuga puruSa sadA hote Ae haiM aura Age bhI hote rheNge| ye lIka para nahIM calakara anyoM ke lie lIka kA nirmANa karate haiN| kAvya ke kSetra meM bhI yaha prakriyA calatI rahI hai| vizvanAtha, paNDitarAja jagannAtha, mammaTa, daNDI ke kAvyAdarzoM ke anupAlana ke sAtha unheM prasaMskArita bhI kiyA jA rahA hai| prasaMskaraNa kI prakSipta antardhArA kahIM to anta:salilA sarasvatI sadRza adRzyamAna hai aura kahIM tripathagA kI bhA~ti pratyakSata: pravahamAna hai / AcAryajI kI mUka sAdhanA mUkamATI' ke sadRza hI hai / mATI kI sauMdhI gandha se unakI sAdhanA suvAsita hai| isameM na yathArtha kA parityAga hai aura na kalpanA kI asvAbhAvikatA / yathArtha kI nIMva para kalpanA kA svAbhAvika DhaMga se vyavahAronmukha vikAsa khar3A kiyA gayA hai / kalpanA kA artha hI 'mUkamATI' meM badalA-sA pratIta hotA hai / vAstavikatA evaM vyAvahArikatA se saMyojita kalpanA prakRtastha hai| kAvya ke isI svarUpa kI vyAkhyA karate hue suprasiddha kAvyazAstrI ela. ebarakraoNmbI ne kahA hai : "The prime material of the epic poet, then, must be real and not invented.... The reality of the central subject is, of course, to be understood broadly. It means that the story must be founded deep in the general experience of men". (L. Abercrombie - The Epic, P-55) mahAkAvya ke viSaya meM bhI vidvAnoM meM mataikya nahIM rahA hai| prAcIna evaM arvAcIna kAvyazAstriyoM ke matoM meM paraspara virodha nahIM to vaimatya avazya hai / mahAkAvyoM kI rUparekhA aura racanAzailI meM thor3A-bahuta antara hone para bhI pAzcAtya aura bhAratIya mahAkAvyoM ke maulika siddhAnta eka hI haiN| maikanela Diksana ne ise spaSTa karate hae kahA hai: ___ "mahAkAvya saba dezoM meM eka jaisA hotA hai| vaha cAhe pUrva kA ho yA pazcima kA, uttara kA ho athavA dakSiNa kA, usakI AtmA aura prakRti sarvatra eka jaisI hotI hai / saccA mahAkAvya, vaha cAhe kahIM bhI nirmita ho, eka prakathanAtmaka kAvya hotA hai, usakI racanA susaMgaThita hotI hai, usakA sambandha mahAn caritroM aura unake mahAn kAryoM se rahatA hai, usakI zailI usake viSaya kI garimA ke anukUla hotI hai, usameM caritroM aura unake kAryakalApa ko Adarza rUpa dene kA prayAsa hotA hai aura upAkhyAnoM tathA varNana-vistAra se usake kathAnaka kI rakSA tathA samRddhi hotI hai|"
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________________ 264 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA (ema. Diksana--iMgaliza epika eNDa hiroyika poyaTrI, pR. 24) __prAcIna sAhityazAstriyoM ke matAnusAra mahAkAvya yA kAvya kA nAyaka dhIrodAtta hI honA caahie| sAmAnya varga kA vyakti mahAkAvya kA nAyaka nahIM ho sakatA thaa| paravartI kaviyoM ne purAkAlIna mAnyatAoM se haTakara sAmAnya zreNI ke vyaktiyoM ko bhI kAvya kA viSaya banAyA / prAsAdavAsinI asUryapazyA nArI kA sthAna kheta meM kAma karanevAlI zramabAlA ne tathA rAjA evaM sAmanta kA sthAna zramajIviyoM ne le liyaa| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke kadama to aura Age bar3ha gae / miTTI sadRza tuccha evaM upekSitA vastu ko mahAkAvya kA viSaya banAkara aura use mahAkAvyopayukta saMsiddhakara AcAryajI ne sAhitya ko eka apUrva, naI bhAvabhUmi pradAna kI hai| miTTI kI jIvana-yAtrA mAnavIya jIvana-yAtrA kA pratirUpa hai / isake jIvana-karma meM mAnava jIvana kA darzana antarvyApta hai / miTTI kI vikAsa-kathA ke vibhinna caraNoM ke mAdhyama se puNyakAryotpanna upalabdhiyoM kA Akalana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| vastuta: yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki 'mUkamATI' ko kAvya kahA jAe yA AdhyAtmika kRti / sUkSma dRSTi se kAvya kA paryAvalokana kiyA jAe to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isameM dArzanika evaM AdhyAtmika gUDhArthoM kI sahaja evaM bodhagamya vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| pustaka ke prastavana' (pR.v) meM zrI lakSmIcandra jaina kA prakathana pUrNata: sArthaka aura prasaMgata lagatA hai : "isIlie AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kI kRti 'mUkamATI' mAtra kavi-karma nahIM hai, yaha eka dArzanika santa kI AtmA kA saMgIta hai|" vAstava meM 'mUkamATI' kA romAMsa bhI AdhyAtmika koTi kA hI hai| mATI kumbhakAra kI pratIkSA yuga-yuga se isalie kara rahI hai ki vaha kisI dina usakA uddhAra avazya karegA aura maMgala ghaTa ke rUpa meM use vAMchita maryAdA prApta hogii| AcAryajI kI isa kRti ke isa pariprekSya meM mUlyAMkana ke lie isakI kathAvastu para dhyAna denA Avazyaka evaM abhISTa hogA / kathAvastu kA adhyayana bhI isa sandarbha meM kiyA jAnA iSTakara hogA ki AcAryajI ne jaina darzana ke katipaya mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana aura sampoSaNa kA kArya isa kRti meM atyanta kAvyAtmaka kauzala se kiyA hai| AcAryajI kI etat sambandhI svIkArokti aura spaSTokti draSTavya hai : "isa sandarbha meM eka bAta aura kahanI hai ki "kucha darzana jaina-darzana ko nAstika mAnate haiM aura pracAra karate haiM ki jo Izvara ko nahIM mAnate haiM, ve nAstika hote haiN|" yaha mAnyatA unakI darzana-viSayaka alpajJatA ko hI sUcita karatI hai| jJAta rahe, ki zramaNa-saMskRti ke sampoSaka jaina-darzana ne bar3I AsthA ke sAtha Izvara ko parama zraddheya-pUjya ke rUpa meM svIkArA hai, sRSTi-kartA ke rUpa meM nhiiN| isIlie jaina-darzana. nAstika darzanoM ko sahI dizAbodha denevAlA eka Adarza Astika darzana hai| yathArtha meM Izvara ko sRSTi-kartA ke rUpa meM svIkAranA hI, use nakAranA hai, aura yahI nAstikatA hai, mithyA hai| ...brahmA ko sRSTi kA kartA, viSNu ko sRSTi kA saMrakSaka aura maheza ko sRSTi kA vinAzaka mAnanA mithyA hai, isa mAnyatA ko chor3anA hI AstikatA haiM" ('mUkamATI'- mAnasa taraMga-pR. XXIII-XXIV) / samAsata: jaina darzana ko prAjJa-praur3ha cintana ke sAtha kAvyAtmaka zailI meM prastuta kara AcAryajI ne rasAsvAda yogya hI nahIM banAyA hai varan ise vicAra aura cintana se taraMgAyita kara diyA __'mUkamATI' cAra parivartoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' meM miTTI ke usa apariSkRta rUpa kA citraNa hai jaba vaha saMkara' rUpa meM thI arthAt usameM kaMkar3a-kaNAdi mizrita the| kumbhakAra miTTI se 'maMgala ghaTa' nirmANa karane kI kalpanA karatA hai / isa prayojanArtha vaha 'mATI' se kaMkar3a, tRNAdi ko alaga kara maulika varNalAbha karAtA hai| dvitIya parivarta 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' meM mATI ko khodane kI prakriyA aura usa daurAna usakI kudAlI se eka kA~Te ke sira phaTa jAne kI ghaTanA kA varNana hai| kumbhakAra ko apane kRtya para glAni aura pazcAtApa
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 265 hotA hai tathA kA~TA pratizodha lene kI taiyArI prArambha kara detA hai| puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' nAmaka tRtIya khaNDa meM kumbhakAra dvArA mATI kI vikAsa-kathA ke mAdhyama se puNyakarma ke sampAdana se upajI zreyaskara upalabdhi kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai / isa krama meM jJAna-vijJAna ke vibhinna tattvAMzoM kA vivecana bhI prastuta hai / caturtha khaNDa agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' meM kumbhakAra ne miTTI se ghaTa banAne kI apanI kalpanA ko sAkAra kara diyA hai / isa bRhatkAya khaNDa meM tattva-cintana kI gambhIratA aura laukika tathA alaukika jijJAsA evaM zodha ke tarka sammata uttara samupalabdha haiN| cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta isa mahAkAvya kI kathA isa prakAra hai- mUka miTTI se maMgala ghaTa banAne kI kalpanA kumbhakAra karatA hai| sarvaprathama isase kaMkar3a, tRNAdi jaise vijAtIya padArthoM ko alaga kara miTTI ko pUrNa vizuddha banAne kA upakrama karatA hai / vaha varNa saMkaratA miTAkara use maulika varNalAbha kI sthiti meM pahu~cAnA cAhatA hai / mATI khodane kI prakriyA meM usakI kudAlI eka kA~Te ke mAthe para jA lagatI hai| sira phaTa jAne ke kAraNa kA~TA kupita ho pratizodha lene kI bAta socane lagatA hai aura kumbhakAra ko apanI asatarkatA para kSobha aura glAni hotI hai / vaha mATI meM jala milAkara use mArdava banAtA hai tathA mATI ko rauMda-rauMdakara isa yogya banA detA hai ki ghaTa kA nirmANa sambhava ho sake / ghaTa kA nirmANa kara vaha usa para siMha aura zvAna Adi kI citrakArI karatA hai / ghaTa ko pakAne kI yojanA banatI hai / avA taiyAra hotA hai| kinta varSA hone lagatI hai| varSA ke pratighAta se yena-kena-prakAreNa ghaTa ko bacA letA hai aura maMgala ghaTa taiyAra ho jAtA hai / avA meM tapAne kI prakriyA ke bIca babUla kI lakar3I apanI manovyathA kahatI hai / pake kumbha ko kumbhakAra zraddhAlu nagara seTha ke sevaka ko sauMpa detA hai tAki isameM bhare jala se seTha AhAra ke lie padhAre guru kA pAda-prakSAlana kara sake tathA unakI tRSA tRpta ho / miTTI ke kumbha kA sammAna dekhakara svarNakalaza ko cintA hotI hai / kathAnAyaka ne usakI upekSA karake miTTI ke ghaTa ko Adara kyoM diyA hai ? isa pratizodha bhAva se uddIpta aura udvigna svarNakalaza eka AtaMkavAdI dala kA gaThana karatA hai jo sakriya hokara sarvatra trAhi-trAhi macA detA hai / seTha kisI prakAra parivAra kI rakSA prAkRtika zaktiyoM tathA manuSyetara prANiyoM kI sahAyatA se karatA hai / puna: seTha AtaMkavAdiyoM ko kSamA kara detA hai / seTha ke kSamAbhAva se AtaMkavAdiyoM kA hRdaya parivartana ho jAtA hai| prAjJapuruSa AcAryajI ke anusAra 'mUkamATI' meM zuddha cetanA kI upAsanA hai, jisakA uddezya susupta usa caitanya zakti ko jAgRta karanA hai : "jisane varNa-jAti-kula Adi vyavasthA-vidhAna ko nakArA nahIM hai parantu janma ke bAda AcaraNa ke anurUpa, unameM ucca-nIcatA rUpa parivartana ko svIkArA hai| ...jisane zuddha-sAttvika bhAvoM se sambandhita jIvana ko dharma kahA hai; jisakA prayojana sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanaitika aura dhArmika kSetroM meM praviSTa huI kurItiyoM ko nirmUla karanA aura yuga ko zubha saMskAroM se saMskArita kara bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a dekara vItarAga zramaNa-saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA hai" (mAnasa taraMga, pR. XXIV) / AcAryajI kI ullikhita pratizruti ke pariprekSya meM 'mUkamATI' ke Alocana-vivecana kA prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai| puNya aura pApa ye dharma-adharma ke AdhAra aura upAdAna haiN| mana, vacana aura zarIra kI nirmalatA, svaccha kAryoM ke niSpAdana, loka maMgala kI kAmanA Adi se puNya kA arjana hotA hai aura krodha, lobha, mAyA evaM mAna Adi pApa kI kAraNatA haiM / svAmIjI ne ise suspaSTa karate hue likhA hai : "yaha bAta nirAlI hai, ki/maulika muktAoM kA nidhAna sAgara bhI hai kAraNa ki/muktA kA upAdAna jala hai, yAnI-jala hI muktA kA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai/tathApi vicAra kareM to/vidita hotA hai ki isa kArya meM dharatI kA hI pramukha hAtha hai|
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________________ 266 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA jala ko muktA ke rUpa meM DhAlane meM/zuktikA-sIpa kAraNa hai aura/sIpa svayaM dharatI kA aMza hai |/svyN dharatI ne sIpa ko prazikSita kara sAgara meM preSita kiyA hai|/jl ko jar3atva se mukta kara/muktA-phala banAnA, patana ke garta se nikAla kara/uttuMga-utthAna para dharanA, dhRti-dhAriNI dharA kA dhyeya hai |/yhii dayA-dharma hai yahI jiyA karma hai|" (pR. 192-193) dUsare padArthoM se prabhAvita hokara use prApta karane kI icchA aura usase sadA saMsikta rahane kI abhilASA hI moha hai aura sabako chor3akara apane Apa meM bhAvita honA hI mokSa hai : "apane ko chor3akara/para-padArtha se prabhAvita honA hI moha kA pariNAma hai/aura/saba ko chor3akara apane Apa meM bhAvita honA hI/mokSa kA dhAma hai|" (pR. 109-110) ekAntavAda, anekAntavAda, syAdvAda jaise jaina mata ke siddhAntoM kA nirvacana karate hue AcAryajI ne eka naI zailI kA sUtrapAta kiyA hai : "aba darzaka ko darzana hotA hai-/kumbha ke mukha maNDala para 'hI' aura 'bhI' ina do akSaroM kA |/ye donoM bIjAkSara haiM, apane-apane darzana kA pratinidhitva karate haiN| 'hI' ekAntavAda kA samarthaka hai/ 'bhI' anekAnta, syAdvAda kA pratIka / hama hI saba kucha haiM/yU~ kahatA hai 'hI' sadA,/tuma to tuccha, kucha nahIM ho ! aura,/'bhI' kA kahanA hai ki hama bhI haiM/tuma bhI ho/saba kucha ! 'hI' dekhatA hai hIna dRSTi se para ko/'bhI' dekhatA hai samIcIna dRSTi se saba ko, 'hI' vastu kI zakla ko hI pakar3atA hai 'bhI' vastu ke bhItarI-bhAga ko bhI chUtA hai|" (pR. 172-173) gUr3ha dArzanika viSaya ko itanI sarala evaM sahaja zailI meM abhivyakta kara AcAryajI ne apanI bhASA-vijJatA kA anupama udAharaNa upanyasta kiyA hai : "patana ke garta se nikAla kara/uttuMga-utthAna para dharanA, dhRti-dhAriNI dharA kA dhyeya hai|/yhii dayA-dharma hai/yahI jiyA karma hai|" (pR.193) jIvana ke lie sAdhanA anivArya hai| sAdhanA ke sA~ce meM apane ko DhAlakara hI AsthA ke viSaya ko AtmasAt kiyA jA sakatA hai: "kintu beTA !/itanA hI paryApta nahIM hai| AsthA ke viSaya ko/AtmasAt karanA ho use anubhUta karanA ho/to/sAdhanA ke sA~ce meM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 267 svayaM ko DhAlanA hogA saharSa !" (pR. 10) jaina dharma Izvara (bhagavAn) kI sattA svIkAra karatA hai kintu use sRSTikartA ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM krtaa| usakI mAnyatA hai ki prAkRtika vastuoM ke pArasparika mela se sRSTi kA krama calatA hai aura usakA uddezya lokakalyANa "nIra kI jAti nyArI hai/kSIra kI jAti nyArI,/donoM ke parasa-rasa-raMga bhI/paraspara nire-nire haiM/aura/yaha sarva-vidita hai, phira bhI/yathA-vidhi, yathA-nidhi/kSIra meM nIra milAte hI nIra kSIra bana jAtA hai|" (pR. 48) jaina darzana meM saMyama, ahiMsA, sadAcaraNa Adi kA vizeSa mahattva hai| AcAryajI ne 'mUkamATI' meM ina pravRttiyoM ke svIkaraNa para vizeSa bala diyA hai : "mere svAmI saMyamI haiM/hiMsA se bhayabhIta, aura/ahiMsA hI jIvana hai unakA |/unkaa kahanA hai ki/saMyama ke binA AdamI nahIM/yAnI/AdamI vahI hai jo yathA-yogya/sahI AdamI hai|" (pR. 64) jaina dharma ke anusAra puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI mokSa hai / mokSa kA yaha siddhAnta 'mUkamATI' meM pradarzita hai : "puruSa prakRti se/yadi dUra hogA/nizcita hI vaha/vikRti kA pUra hogA puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI/mokSa hai, sAra hai|/aur anyatra ramanA hI/bhramanA hai/moha hai, saMsAra hai"|" (pR. 93) dhArmika vRttiyoM ke sAtha 'mUkamATI' meM sAmAjika, rAjanaitika, naitika, zaikSaNika Adi sadupadeza bhI bhare par3e dharma aura nIti sAmAjika maryAdA-vyavasthApana ke AdhAra-stambha haiM / nIti dharma kA aMga hai / sAMsArika vyavasthA ke saMcAlana meM isIlie ina donoM kI mahattA svIkAra kI gaI hai| 'mUkamATI' meM AcAryajI ne aneka sthaloM para ina donoM ke vividha pakSoM kA sakArAtmaka svarUpa abhidarzita kiyA hai| Adarza aura vyavahAra ke kAryAtmaka svarUpa kA nAma hI nIti hai / aise katipaya nItivacana prastuta haiM : "pApI se nahIM/pApa se/paMkaja se nahIM,/paMka se/ghRNA kro| ayi Arya!/nara se/nArAyaNa bano/samayocita kara kArya / " (pR. 50-51) 0 "pratyeka vyavadhAna kA/sAvadhAna hokara/sAmanA karanA nUtana avadhAna ko pAnA hai,/yA yoM kaheM ki antima samAdhAna ko pAnA hai|" (pR. 74) udAratA aura sahiSNutA nIti kA hI avayava hai / nIti-vyApAra meM ina donoM kA varcasva susthApita hai / aisI
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________________ 268 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA udAratA aura sahiSNutA ke darzana bhI 'mUkamATI' meM hote haiM : udAratA : sahiSNutA : O dUra, " pUrI taraha jala se paricita hone para bhI / Atma - kartavya se calita nahIM huI dharatI yaha / / kRtaghna ke prati vighna upasthita / karanA to vighna kA vicAra taka nahIM kiyA mana meM / / nirvighna jIvana jIne hetu kitanI udAratA hai dharatI kI yaha ! / uddhAra kI hI bAta socatI rahatI sadA - sarvadA sabakI / " (pR. 194-195) " apane sAtha durvyavahAra hone para bhI / pratikAra nahIM karane kA saMkalpa liyA hai dharatI ne,/ isIlie to dharatI / sarvaM-sahA kahalAtI hai apane mata-sthApanA ke krama meM AcAryajI ne saduktiyoM ke rUpa meM aneka aisI bAteM kahIM haiM jo mAnava-jIvana ke samyak saMdhAraNa aura saMcAlana ke lie aparihArya haiM / bAnagI svarUpa kucheka sthala 'mUkamATI' se uddhRta haiM : D sarva-svAhA nahIM / aura / sarvaM - sahA honA hI sarvasva ko pAnA hai jIvana meM / santoM kA patha yahI gAtA hai|" (pR. 190 ) " sadaya bano ! / adaya para dayA karo / abhaya bano ! samaya para kiyA karo abhaya kI / amRta-maya vRSTi sadA sadA sadAzaya dRSTi / re jiyA, samaSTi jiyA karo !" (pR. 149) "ucca ucca hI rahatA / nIca nIca hI rahatA / aisI merI dhAraNA nahIM hai, nIca ko Upara uThAyA jA sakatA hai, / ucitAnucita samparka se saba meM parivartana sambhava hai / " (pR. 357) samAja vyakti se banatA hai| samAja meM yogI bhogI, santa- tapasvI, strI-puruSa sabhI taraha ke loga haiM / inake vyavahAra evaM karttavya ko nirdiSTa karate hue AcAryajI ne inake vartamAna svarUpa evaM Adarza rUpa kA citrAMkana kiyA hai| puruSa aura strI puruSa - prakRti ke pratirUpa haiM / sRSTi ke vikAsa ke lie ina donoM meM sauhArda sambandha aura prema sambandha kI sthApanA Avazyaka hai| strI kI bhUmikA ko sarvopari sthAna prApta hai| 'nArI' zabda kA vizleSaNa karate hue AcAryajI ne likhA hai : "strI - jAti kI kaI vizeSatAe~ haiM / jo Adarza rUpa haiM puruSa ke sammukha / .... prAya: puruSoM se bAdhya ho kara hI / kupatha para calanA par3atA hai striyoM ko parantu, / kupatha - supatha kI parakha karane meM / pratiSThA pAI hai strI- samAja ne / inakI A~kheM haiM karuNA kI kArikA / zatrutA chU nahIM sakatI inheM milana- sArI mitratA / mufta milatI rahatI inase / / yahI kAraNa hai ki inakA sArthaka nAma hai 'nArI' / yAnI - / 'na ari' nArI.. athavA / ye ArI nahIM haiM / sonArI / " (pR. 201 - 202 ) nArI ke vibhinna nAmoM kI vyAkhyA bhI abhinava DhaMga se kI gaI hai : mahilA : " jo / maha yAnI maMgalamaya mAhaula,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 269 mahotsava jIvana meM lAtI hai/'mahilA' kahalAtI vaha / ...aura puruSa ko rAstA batAtI hai/sahI-sahI gantavya kA 'mahilA' kahalAtI vaha !" (pR. 202). abalA: "jo ava yAnI/ avagama'-jJAnajyoti lAtI hai,/timira-tAmasatA miTAkara jIvana ko jAgRta karatI hai/ abalA' kahalAtI hai vaha !" (pR. 203) kumArI : " 'ku' yAnI pRthivI/'mA' yAnI lakSmI/aura/'rI' yAnI denevAlI.. __ isase yaha bhAva nikalatA hai ki/yaha dharA sampadA-sampannA ____taba taka rahegI/jaba taka yahA~ 'kumArI' rhegii|" (pR. 204) strI : " 's' yAnI sama-zIla saMyama/'trI' yAnI tIna artha haiM dharma, artha, kAma-puruSArthoM meM/puruSa ko kuzala-saMyata banAtI hai so'strI kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 205) sutA : "'su' yAnI suhAvanI acchAiyA~/aura/'tA' pratyaya vaha bhAva-dharma, sAra ke artha meM hotA hai/yAnI, sukha-suvidhAoM kA srota "so-/'sutA' kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 205) duhitA : "do hita jisameM nihita hoM/vaha 'duhitA' kahalAtI hai| apanA hita svayaM hI kara letI hai,/patita se patita pati kA jIvana bhI hita sahita hotA hai, jisase/vaha duhitA kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 205) mAtaH "hameM samajhanA hai/'mAtR' zabda kA mahattva bhii| pramANa kA artha hotA hai jJAna/prameya yAnI jJeya/aura pramAtR ko jJAtA kahate haiM santa |/jaanne kI zakti vaha/mAtR-tattva ke sivA anyatra kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hotii| yahI kAraNa hai, ki yahA~ koI pitA-pitAmaha, puruSa nahIM hai/jo saba kI AdhArazilA ho, saba kI jananI/mAtra mAtR-tattva hai|" (pR. 206) sajjana-durjana kI vizeSatAoM kA samullekha karate hue Aja ke mAnava kA sajIva citra 'mUkamATI' meM prastuta __ "eka-dUsare ke sukha-duHkha meM/paraspara bhAga lenA/sajjanatA kI pahacAna hai, aura/auroM ke sukha ko dekha, jalanA/auroM ke duHkha ko dekha, khilanA durjanatA kA sahI lakSaNa hai|" (pR.168) 0 "jo paraspara eka-dUsare ke/khUna ke pyAse hote haiM jinakA darzana sulabha hai/Aja isa dharatI para !" (pR. 169) anekAntavAda (syAdvAda) kA pakSa-poSaNa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki syAdvAda ke siddhAnta (bhI) se hI lokatantra kI rakSA sambhava hai, ekAntavAda (hI) ke samarthana se nahIM :
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________________ 270 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "loka meM lokatantra kA noDa/taba taka surakSita rahegA jaba taka 'bhI' zvAsa letA rhegaa|/'bhii' se svacchandatA-madAndhatA miTatI hai svatantratA ke svapna sAkAra hote haiM,/sadvicAra sadAcAra ke bIja 'bhI' meM haiM, 'hI' meM nhiiN|" (pR. 173) dharma kA uddezya laukika vyavasthA ko saMyamita aura sudRr3ha karanA hotA hai aura Adarza dharma bhI laukika vyavasthA yA mAnadaNDa kA visaMvAdI nahIM hotaa| 'mUkamATI' se aisI kucha bAnagiyA~ uddhRta haiM : "ziSToM para anugraha karanA/sahaja-prApta zakti kA sadupayoga karanA hai, dharma hai|/aur,/dussttoN kA nigraha nahIM karanA zakti kA durupayoga karanA hai, adharma hai|" (pR. 276-277) AcAra-dharma-darzana ko saMkendrita aura samarpita isa mahAkAvya kI bhASA-zailI kI manoharatA, vidagdhatA, sahajatA aura svAbhAvikatA vicakSaNa hai / darzana aura dharma ke gUDhArthAnvita siddhAnta komalakAnta padAvalI meM nibaddha haiN| varcasva-sthApana ke lie bhAva aura bhASA kA pArasparika saMgharSa antataH anirNAyaka hI raha jAtA hai| donoM ko apanI vijaya para garva hai| ___ gUDha siddhAntoM ko sarala zabdoM meM abhivyakta karanA kAvya kI sarvocca saphalatA mAnI jAtI hai / isa prayAsa meM AcAryajI atulanIya haiM / do-eka udAharaNa dekheM : "puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI/mokSa hai, sAra hai |/aur anyatra ramanA hI, bhramanA hai/moha hai, saMsAra hai"|" (pR. 93) moha aura mokSa jaise tattva kI vyAkhyA kA prasaMga dekheM : "apane ko chor3akara/para-padArtha se prabhAvita honA hI moha kA pariNAma hai/aura/saba ko chor3akara apane Apa meM bhAvita honA hI/mokSa kA dhAma hai|" (pR. 109-110) bhAva, bhASA aura abhivyakti kalA (zailI) kA guNanaphala hI kavi karma kI saphalatA kA nikaSa hai| isa dRSTi se AcAryajI apratima siddha hote haiN| bhAva ko sahaja zailI aura ati bodhagamya bhASA meM prastuta kara inhoMne kAvyazailI ko eka abhinava dizA pradAna kI hai| zabdoM ke cayana meM inakA bhAvuka hRdaya sahajonmukha aura lokonmukha hai / tatsama zabdoM ko bhI loka kI jholI meM DAlakara isa prakAra hilAte haiM ki sabakI hattantrI ninAdita ho uThatI hai / eka udAharaNa alam hogA : "rasanendriya ke vazIbhUta huA vyakti/kabhI bhI kisI bhI vastu ke sahI svAda se paricita nahIM ho sakatA,/bhAta meM dUdha milAne para nirA-nirA dUdha aura bhAta kA nahIM,/mizrita svAda hI AtA hai, phira, mizrI milAne para "to-/tInoM kA sahI svAda luTa jAtA hai !" (pR.281)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 271 varNa-viparyaya dvArA zabdoM meM artha - camatkAra utpanna karane meM AcAryajI ko sambhavata: advitIyatA prApta hai| aise bhUyazaH sthala samuddharaNIya haiM, kintu kucha udAharaNoM se hI toSa dhAraNa karane kA vinamra prayAsa hai : buddhi nahIM thI hitAhita parakhane kI, / yahI kAraNa hai ki vasanta-sama jIvana para/santoM kA nADasara par3atA hai|" (pR. 180-181) zabdoM ke vibhinna varNoM kI vyAkhyA dvArA zabda ke marmArtha kI pahacAna karAne meM bhI AcAryajI kA jor3a nahIM O kAvya meM bimba dvArA bhAvacitra khar3A karane kI prakriyA jaTila to hotI hai kintu bimba dvArA pAThakoM taka sAzaya pahu~cane meM kavi ko sahUliyata hotI hai| isalie prAya: adhikAMza kAvyakRtiyoM meM bimba kA AvirbhAva hai / 'mUkamATI' meM bhI AcAryajI ne ati sArthaka bimboM kA nirmANa kara bhAva ko suspaSTa aura bodhagamya banAne meM mahAratha hAsila kiyA - pratibimba kA citra dekheM : O ulaTI-palaTI, " mukha se bAhara nikalI hai rasanA / thor3Ikucha kaha rahI -sI lagatI hai - / bhautika jIvana meM rasa nA ! / aura ra M'sa N MnA, nA N N Msara / yAnI vasanta ke pAsa sara nahIM thA O "sR dhAtu gati ke artha meM AtI hai, / saM yAnI samIcIna / sAra yAnI sarakanA" jo samyak sarakatA hai/ vaha saMsAra kahalAtA hai|" (pR. 161 ) O sUkti, muhAvarA, kahAvata, lokokti, laukika nyAya Adi aise zailI - ghaTaka haiM jo bhAvoM ko uchAlakara loka meM vikIrNa kara dete haiN| loka unheM apanI hI vastu samajha kara loka letA hai| isalie kaviyoM kI bhAvAbhivyakti ke ye amogha astra bana gae haiN| AcAryajI ne ina amoghAstroM dvArA bhAva- prakAzana ke lakSya kA subhedana jisa kauzala se kiyA hai usakI kucha bAnagiyA~ draSTavya haiM : "mA~ ke viraha se pIr3ita / raha-raha kara / sisakate zizu kI taraha dIrgha zvAsa letA huA / ghara kI ora jA rahA seTha N N / " (pR. 350-351) " prAcI kI goda se uchalA / phira / astAcala kI ora DhalA prakAza-puMja prabhAkara - sama / AgAmI andhakAra se bhayabhIta ghara kI ora jA rahA seTha / " (pR. 351 ) " kathanI aura karanI meM bahuta antara hai, / jo kahatA hai vaha karatA nahIM aura/jo karatA hai vaha kahatA nahIM / " (pR. 225-226) "apanI dAla nahIM galatI, lakha kara / apanI cAla nahIM calatI, parakha kara hAsya ne apanI karavaTa badala lii|" (pR. 134) " aura suno ! / yaha sUkti sunI nahIM kyA ! 66 'Amada kama kharcA jyAdA / lakSaNa hai miTa jAne kA kUbata kama gussA jyAdA / lakSaNa hai piTa jAne kA' / " (pR. 135)
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________________ 272 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA alaMkAra kAvya kA bhUSaNa hai| kAvyAMga ko samalaMkRta kara pAThakoM ke lie sahaja AkarSaNIya banAne kA kArya isake dvArA susampAdita hotA hai / alaMkAroM kA sAyAsa prayoga bhAva aura bhASA ko bojhila banAtA hai kintu usakA svAbhAvika pravahamAna svarUpa bhASA kA saundarya pravarddhita kara detA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM alaMkAroM kA nirAyAsa Agamana aisA pratIta hotA hai mAnoM bhAva ke sAmane alaMkAra natamastaka ho vinamratA aura zAlInatA dvArA apanI guru-gambhIratA kA guNa prakaTa karate haiN| kucha sthala dhyAtavya haiM : 0 "kRSNa-pakSa ke candramA kI-sI/dazA hai seTha kI zAnta-rasa se virahita kavitA-sama/paMchI kI cahaka se vaMcita prabhAta-sama zItala candrikA se rahita rAta-sama/aura/bindI se vikala abalA ke bhaal-sm|" (pR. 351-352) 0 "atyalpa tela raha jAne se/TimaTimAte dIpaka-sama apane ghaTa meM prANoM ko sa~joye/manthara gati se cala rahA hai setth"|" (pR. 350) samAsata: yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'mUkamATI' pichale dazaka kI eka sarvAdhika sazakta kRti hai| yazasvI mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne isa dIpadAna dvArA hindI kAvya jagat ko kevala Alokita hI nahIM, vistIrNa bhI kiyA hai| AcAryajI ke isa mahArgha avadAna ke lie hindI jagat unakA sarvadA RNI rahegA / bhAva aura kalA donoM dRSTiyoM se pUrNata: samRddha isa mahAkAvya aura mahAkAvya ke praNetA yazasvI santa kavi ke prati merI sazraddha praNati nivedita hai| bhartRhari ne aise hI manISiyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kahA hai : "kSIyante'khilabhUSaNAni satataM vAgbhUSaNaM bhUSaNam / " AcAryajI aura AcAryajI kI yaha trikAlAbAdhita amara kRti sadA prAta:smaraNIya aura kIrtanIya hogI, aisA merA vizvAsa hai| pRSTha 14-15 ana mauna kA bhaMga hotA hai 'bhATI kI ora seyaha mArmika layana Tai,mA
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : : yuga kI mahAn upalabdhi DaoN. yogezvarI zAstrI 'mUkamATI' nae yuga kA mahAkAvya hai| ataeva navIna dRSTikoNa honA svAbhAvika hai / vidyAsAgarajI jaise jaina muni ke lie yugapravartaka mahAkAvya likhanA aura usameM bhI naI dRSTi kA nirUpaNa karanA kucha Azcarya kI bAta nahIM / Azcarya to taba hotA jaba usameM navInatA yA naI dRSTi na hotI / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM kavi samagra dRSTi ko lekara calA hai / yaha kAvya sampUrNa dRSTi se prAcIna aura navIna mahAkAvyoM se bhinna hai / bhinna hI nahIM, apitu samagra dRSTi se navIna hai, apratima hai aura anokhA hai / bhAratIya mahAkAvya 'vAlmIki rAmAyaNa' aura 'mahAbhArata' tathA pAzcAtya mahAkAvya 'IliyaDa' aura 'oDisI' kI racanA se yaha ekadama bhinna evaM navIna vikAsa binduoM ko sameTatA huA dRSTa hotA hai / na hI isa kAvya meM 'sAketa' jaisI koI dRSTi hai, na hI 'kAmAyanI' jaisA chandoM kA bandhana hI hai, yaha mahAkAvya to apane yuga kA anUThA pratidAna hai| yuga ke pramukha chanda 'svacchanda chanda' ko isane grahaNa kiyA hai, jo yuga kI pahacAna hai, yuga kI sApekSatA hai tathA svacchanda dhyeya, svacchanda lakSya, cintana - prasUta svacchanda vicAroM kA janaka hai| hama ise 'kAmAyanI' mahAkAvya ke nikaTa eka hI artha meM kaha sakate haiM- vaha hai darzana / 'kAmAyanI' meM zaivAgamoM kA AnandavAdI siddhAnta pratipAdita karate hue bhI prasAdajI ne usa siddhAnta ko mAnavIya bhUmikA pradAna kI hai, jo unakI svayaM kI dRSTi kA paricAyaka hai / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke racanAkAra vidyAsAgarajI 'sva' aura 'para' kI bhUmikA se kahIM bahuta U~ce uTha cuke haiM, jo jaina dharma ke anuyAyI hote hue bhI apane jIvana-siddhAntoM se, apane vicAroM se dUsaroM ko anuyAyI banA cuke haiM, aise 'jina' - indriyajit puruSa isa 'mUkamATI' ke racayitA haiM / ataH isa mahAkAvya meM hameM jaina dharma ke siddhAntoM kA darzana to yatra-tatra hotA hI hai, munivara ke vicAroM kA, siddhAntoM kA svatantra pravAha bhI dikhAI par3atA hai / - Aja isa ApAdhApI ke yuga meM mahAkAvyoM kA sRjana eka kalpanA mAtra banakara raha gaI hai| na to kisI ke pAsa samaya hI hai aura na cintana prasUta dimAg2a hI / manuSya to svayaM apane hI jAla - jaMjAla kI bhUla bhUlaiyA~ meM itanA ulajha cukA hai ki vaha choTI-choTI kavitAe~ likha sakatA hai, kSaNikAe~ likha sakatA hai yA phira ekAMkI yA kahAnI likhakara hI apanI abhivyakti kI itizrI samajha letA hai / mahAkAvya likhane ke lie mahAn vyaktitva ke sAtha-sAtha cintana Avazyaka hai| cintana prasUta jJAnI hI 'mUkamATI' kI abhivyakti meM samartha hotA hai / Aja ke yuga ke mUlya badala cuke haiM / na koI sImAe~ haiM, na koI bandhana hai aura na koI niyama hai| ata: hama 'mUkamATI' ko mahAkAvya ke purAne bandhanoM meM nahIM kasanA cAheMge / kRti kA mUlyAMkana yuga sApekSa honA hI Avazyaka hai| anyathA na hama kRtikAra ke sAtha nyAya kara sakeMge aura na kRti ke sAtha hI / kisI bhI kRti ko taulane ke lie, usako kasauTI para kasane ke lie kRtikAra kA samagra jIvana darzana jAnanA Avazyaka hotA hai| usa dRSTi se jaina muni vidyAsAgarajI kA jIvana hama sabhI ke lie khulI kitAba hai / ve jaina darzana kI dhurI haiM, ataH kRti para jaina darzana kA prabhAva par3anA avazyambhAvI hai / jaina darzana ke AdinAtha se lekara mahAvIra taka prAya: eka jaise siddhAnta rahe haiM / aparigraha, ahiMsA, anekAntavAda - ye tIna mUlamantra haiM jaina dharma ke / pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu tathA vanaspati- jinheM sAmAnyataH jar3a mAnA jAtA hai, aise jar3a meM jIva tattva kA honA, zarIra ko sAdhanAgata kaSTa denA, kartRtva ke ahaMkAra aura apanatva ke mamakAra ko chor3akara jo 'sva' aura 'para' ko samajha sake, vahI mahAvIra ke anusAra bhagavAn hai / bhagavAn dharma kA saMsthApaka nahIM, apitu dharma kA Azraya lekara AtmA bhagavAn banatA hai| bhagavAn janma nahIM letA, bhagavAn to AtmA ko jItane se banatA hai| jo pUrNa vItarAgI hai vahI bhagavAn hai tathA vahI sarvajJa hai / dharma svayaM parimArjita hai / vaha vikArI AtmA ko parimArjita karatA hai| |
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________________ 274 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA vikAra chor3ane para AtmA hI paramAtmA bana jAtA hai / ata: dharma paribhASA nahIM, prayoga hai / isIlie AtmArthI dharma ko jIvana meM utAratA hai / jaina darzana AtmA kI svatantratA meM vizvAsa karatA hai| sabhI AtmAe~ eka samAna haiM, na koI ucca hai aura na koI nIca hai| pratyeka padArtha pariNamanazIla hai| pratyeka AtmA apanI galatI para du:khI hai / pratyeka ko galatI sudhArane se sukha milatA hai| 'sva' ko nahIM pahacAnanA sabase bar3I galatI hai| svayaM ko samajhanA svayaM kI bhUla ko sudhAranA hI hai| svayaM ko jAno, svayaM ko pahacAno, svayaM meM samA jAo to bhagavAn bana jAoge / bhagavAn jagat kA kartA nahIM, vaha to mAtra draSTA hai, jJAtA hai, jo jagat ko jAnakara alipta rahe vahI bhagavAn hai / hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, parigraha tathA kuzIla- ye pApa bhAva haiN| puNya aura pApa donoM zarIra ko bA~dhane vAlI ber3iyA~ haiM / vastu kA svarUpa anekAntAtmaka hai| pratyeka vastu aneka guNoM se yukta hotI hai / isa zailI meM bhI' kA prayoga hai, 'hI' kA nhiiN| 'bhI' meM samanvaya kI sugandha aura 'hI' meM haTha kI durgandha hai / donoM kI yathAyogya AvazyakatA hai| 'bhI' samanvaya kA sUcaka hai, 'hI' dRr3hatA kaa| 'bhI' batAtA hai ki vastu mAtra utanI 'hI' nahIM, aura 'bhI' hai| kintu 'hI' batAtA hai ki anya koNa se dekhane para vastu kucha aura kinta jisa koNa se batAI gaI hai vaha ThIka vaisI 'hI' hai. zaMkA kI gaMjAiza nhiiN| ata: 'hI' aura 'bhI' donoM kathaMcit pUraka haiM, virodhI bhii| isa prakAra kRti para jaina siddhAntoM kA prabhAva pUrNatayA vidyamAna hai| 'mUkamATI' eka pratIkAtmaka mahAkAvya hai / isameM kavi ne vibhinna pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se apane vicAra pragaTa kie haiM jo sahaja aura svAbhAvika gati se choTI-choTI kahAniyoM ke mAdhyama se pAThaka ko prabhAvita karate hue AtmasAt hue haiM / darzana kI bAta kahate hue bhI kavi kI bhASA kahIM bhI bojhila nahIM huI hai| sampUrNa kRti meM kavi pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se apanI bAta kahanA cAhatA hai- mATI mUka hai, vaha varNa saMkara kI pratIka hai| usameM doSa vyApta haiN| kaMkar3a doSoM ke pratIka haiM, ata: mATI ko doSoM se mukta karanA hI varNa-lAbha hai| isalie kavi kaMkar3a haTAkara ghar3A nirmANa karatA hai mATI se / isa taraha se miTTI ko uThAkara dharatI kI chAtI para 'kumbha' ke rUpa meM biThA detA hai| dUsare khaNDa meM miTTI ko khodane kI prakriyA ke mAdhyama se sAhitya bodha ke aneka sopAna batAe haiN| kina-kina bAdhAoM ko pAra karane para zabda jJAna hotA hai| zabda kA artha samajhanA hI bodha' hai aura bodha ko hI anubhUti ke mAdhyama se abhivyakta kara denA 'zodha' hai| tRtIya khaNDa meM jaina dharma ke aneka siddhAntoM kA bar3e sahaja DhaMga se kahAniyoM ke mAdhyama se pratipAdana karate hue mana, vacana, kAyA kI nirmalatA para prakAza DAlA hai tathA loka-kalyANa kI kAmanA ko puNya upArjana kA sAdhana mAnA hai| krodha, mAna, apamAna, mAyA, lobha, parigraha Adi kI bhAvanA hI pApa hai| isa khaNDa meM aneka pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se citra spaSTa kiyA hai| pApa-puNya kI vibhAjaka rekhA aura bhI spaSTa kI hai| caturtha khaNDa agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' meM aneka kathA prasaMgoM, pratIkoM, rUpakoM dvArA santa jIvana, adhyAtma aura darzana kA bheda, AtaMkavAda, samAjavAda, sAhitya Adi ke sambandha meM apane vicAra vyakta kie haiM jo jaina darzana se prabhAvita haiN| cAroM khaNDoM kI saMkSipta kathA isa prakAra hai- kumbha banAne ke lie zilpI dharatI se miTTI khodatA hai use chAnakara kaMkara alaga karatA hai tathA pAnI milAkara miTTI ko mRdu banAtA hai evaM kumbhoM kA nirmANa karatA hai / kacce kumbhoM ko pakAne ke lie, use upayogI banAne ke lie vaha apane lakSya kI ora bar3hatA hai / avA taiyAra kara kumbha ko pakAtA hai aura use samAja ke upayoga yogya banAtA hai| usakA zItala jala paropakAra meM sahAyaka hotA hai / kumbha kA sampUrNa jIvana para' ke lie hI banAtA hai zilpI / yaha zilpI kauna hai ? svayaM Izvara hai yA manuSya hai ? isa prakriyA ko hama kisa dRSTi se dekheMge tathA yaha kathA hamAre jIvana ko kahA~ le jAegI, ityAdi praznoM kA janaka hai yaha mahAkAvya / / kumbha nirmANa kI kathA laukika prakriyA para AdhArita hai, kintu darzana gahana hai / manuSya svayaM kumbha kA pratIka hai| vaha isa saMsAra meM kacce ghar3e ke samAna hI AtA hai arthAt saMskAra rahita janma hotA hai usakA / use saMskAra yukta hone ke lie saMsAra rUpI ave meM pakanA hotA hai / yahI usakI agni parIkSA hai / agni meM tapakara tathA aneka bAdhAoM ko sahanakara jisa prakAra kumbha dUsare ke lie upayogI, upakArI hotA hai usI prakAra manuSya bhI sAMsArika bAdhAoM ko sahana
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 275 karate hue jIvana ko sAdhanA kI sIr3hI para calAtA huA sAdhaka banakara agni parIkSA meM saphala hokara dUsare ke yogya banane para hI santa kahalAtA hai anyathA vaha isa kSaNabhaMgura saMsAra meM varNa saMkara banakara hI naSTa ho jAtA hai / kaccA kumbha mAnava kI prArambhika avasthA kA pratIka hai aura pakkA kumbha mAnava ke uccatama jJAna kA pratIka hai| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya hameM kevala jIvana ke tathyoM se hI avagata nahIM karAtA apitu jIvana ke aneka siddhAntoMvizeSakara jaina darzana ke siddhAntoM para bhI prakAza DAlatA hai, jaise- "AsthA ke binA rAstA nahIM/mUla ke binA cUla nahIM" (pR. 10); "ati ke binA/iti se sAkSAtkAra sambhava nahIM/aura/iti ke binA/atha kA darzana asambhava!/ ...pIr3A kI ati hI/pIr3A kI iti hai/aura/pIr3A kI iti hI/sukha kA atha hai" (pR. 33), dayA anyonyAzrita siddhAnta hai / "laghutA kA tyajana hI/gurutA kA yajana hI/zubha kA sRjana hai" (pR. 51) / ahaM kA bhAva hI manuSya meM alagAva paidA karatA hai / saMyama aura ahiMsA jIvana ke mahattvapUrNa aMga haiM, jina para calakara manuSya samAja meM pragati karatA hai| ye jaina dharma ke siddhAnta bhI haiN| "miTatI-kAyA meM milatI-mAyA meM/mlAna-mukhI aura mudita-mukhI/nahIM honA hI/sahI sallekhanA hai" (pR. 87); "Amada kama kharcA jyAdA/lakSaNa hai miTa jAne kA/kUbata kama gussA jyAdA/ lakSaNa hai piTa jAne kA" (pR. 135) / jaina darzana ke siddhAntoM ko jisa taraha svacchanda-chanda meM piroyA hai yaha vidyAsAgara jI kI dena hai- "dayA visuddho dhammo" (pR. 88); "puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI/mokSa hai, sAra hai"(pR. 93), "apane ko chor3akara/para-padArtha se prabhAvita honA hI/moha kA pariNAma hai/aura/saba ko chor3akara/apane Apa meM bhAvita honA hI/mokSa kA dhAma hai"(pR. 109-110); "eka-dUsare ke sukha-duHkha meM/paraspara bhAga lenA/sajjanatA kI pahacAna hai" (pR. 168), "auroM ke sukha ko dekha, jalanA/auroM ke duHkha ko dekha, khilanA/durjanatA kA sahI lakSaNa hai" (pR. 168); "pramAda pathika kA parama zatru hai" (pR. 172); " 'hI' ekAntavAda kA samarthaka hai/'bhI' anekAnta, syAdvAda kA pratIka" (pR. 172) / 'hI' tathA 'bhI' ke sambandha meM vicArakoM meM matabheda haiN| kucha vicAraka donoM ko hI eka-dUsare kA pUraka mAnate haiM to kucha virodhI / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne 'hI' tathA 'bhI' ke bIca meM spaSTa bheda-rekhA khIMcI hai| unake anusAra 'hI' pazcimI sabhyatA kA pratIka hai to 'bhI' bhAratIya saMskRti kaa| rAma 'bhI' ke pratIka haiM to rAvaNa 'hI' kaa| 'bhI' lokatantra kI rIr3ha hai| "para-sampadA kI ora dRSTi jAnA/ajJAna ko batAtA hai,/aura/ para-sampadA haraNa kara saMgraha karanA/moha-mUrchA kA atireka hai" (pR. 189) / jaina dharma meM parigraha ko pApa mAnA hai, kyoMki -"artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatIM" (pR. 192); "kula-paramparA saMskRti kA sUtradhAra/strI ko nahIM banAnA caahie|/aur/gopniiy kArya ke viSaya meM/vicAra-vimarza-bhUmikA/nahIM batAnA cAhie" (pR. 224); "nirdoSoM meM doSa lagAte haiM/santoSoM meM roSa jagAte haiM/vandhoM kI bhI nindA karate haiM/zubha karmoM ko andhe karate haiM" (pR. 229)- aise karma hote haiM durjanoM ke| "kA~Te se hI kA~TA nikAlA jAtA hai" (pR. 256); "jaba havA kAma nahIM karatI/ taba davA kAma karatI hai,/aura/jaba davA kAma nahIM karatI/taba duA kAma karatI hai" (pR. 241); "niyama-saMyama ke sammukha/asaMyama hI nahIM, yama bhI/apane ghuTane Teka detA hai" (pR. 269); "uThane kI zakti nahIM honA hI doSa hai" (pR. 273) / pyAsa kA anubhava hone para hI pyAsa bujhAI jA sakatI hai, anyathA nhiiN| "kAyA meM rahane mAtra se/kAyA kI anubhUti nahIM,/mAyA meM rahane mAtra se/mAyA kI prasUti nahIM,/unake prati/lagAva-cAva bhI anivArya hai" (pR. 298) / Atma sAkSAtkAra honA hI duHkha kA samApta honA hai| dhana kA mUlya nahIM, kyoMki vaha parAzrita hai / mUlabhUta padArtha hI mUlyavAn hai / "parIkSaka banane se pUrva/parIkSA meM pAsa honA anivArya hai" (pR. 303); "jisakI kartavya-niSThA vaha/kASThA ko chUtI milatI hai/usakI sarvamAnya pratiSThA to"/kASThA ko bhI pAra kara jAtI hai" (pR. 258) / dhanika hoM yA nirdhana koI bhI hoM, ve vastu kA sahI mUlyAMkana nahIM kara sakate, kyoMki dhanika to viSayAndha madAdhIna hotA hai, ata: use dikhAI hI nahIM detA aura dhanahIna dIna-hIna hone ke kAraNa use dekha nahIM sktaa| donoM hI vastu kA sahI mUlyAMkana nahIM kara sakate / "para se sva kI tulanA karanA/parAbhava kA kAraNa hai/dInatA kA pratIka bhI"(pR. 339);
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________________ 276 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "tana gauNa, cetana kAmya hai" (pR. 310); " pAtra kI dInatA / nirabhimAna dAtA meM/mAna kA AvirmANa karAtI hai" (pR. 320); "zramaNa kA zRMgAra hI / samatA - sAmya hai" (pR. 330); santa samatA ke dhanI hote haiM to dAtA sajjana mamatA kI khanI hotA hai| "bhoga hI to roga hai" (pR.353); "vRddhAvasthA meM DhAkA-malamala bhI / bhAra lagatI hai" (pR. 353); "vairAgya kI dazA meM / svAgata - AbhAra bhI / bhAra lagatA hai " (pR. 353); " zrama se prIti karo" (pR. 355); "eka ke prati rAga karanA hI/ dUsaroM ke prati dveSa siddha karatA hai" (pR. 363); "prakRti se viparIta calanA / sAdhanA kI rIta nahIM hai" (pR. 391), "" bhIti binA prIti nahIM... / aura / rIti binA gIta nahIM" (pR. 391); " 'sva' ko sva ke rUpa meM/'para' ko para ke rUpa meM / jAnanA hI sahI jJAna hai, / aura / 'sva' meM ramaNa karanA / sahI jJAna kA 'phala' (pR. 375) / 339 uparyukta siddhAntoM ke atirikta vidyAsAgarajI ne kucha siddhAntoM kA AdhunikIkaraNa karate hue unheM naI vyAkhyAe~ pradAna kI haiM / Aja kA jIvana AsthAhIna hai, bhautikavAdI hai| cU~ki jIvana meM AsthA kA mahattva hai / ata: 'mUkamATI' kA racayitA dharatI ke mAdhyama se 'mATI' ko AsthAvAn hone kA pATha par3hAtA hai| AsthA hI jIvana hai| AsthA rahI to pada dalita mATI jIvana meM nayA rUpa dhAraNa kara sakatI hai| AsthA ke sAtha-sAtha samarpaNa bhAva honA Avazyaka hai / tabhI AsthA jIvana ko svarNima banA sakatI hai| mATI acetana hote hue bhI usameM cetanA DAlane kA kAma zramika karate haiM arthAt anAsthAvAn meM AsthA DAlI jA sakatI hai| yaha bahuta mahattvapUrNa sandeza hai munivara kA Aja ke yuga ke lie / "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam" (pR. 82) kA dRSTikoNa ki sArI vasudhA hI hamArA kuTumba hai, aba samApta ho gayA hai| ata: usakA AdhunikIkaraNa rUpa nayA artha prastuta kiyA hai svAmIjI ne- "vasu yAnI dhana-dravya / aura/dhA yAnI dhAraNa karanA/ Aja/dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai/ dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA jIvana kA " / (pR. 82) / isa navIna vyAkhyA ke samAna hI Aja sampUrNa samAja cala rahA hai| yaha dazA atyanta zocanIya hai bhaviSya kI dRSTi se / 1 sat yuga aura kaliyuga kI bhI naI vyAkhyA kI hai vidyAsAgarajI ne / sat kI khoja meM lagI dRSTi hI sat yuga hai aura asat viSayoM meM AkaNTha DUbI huI, sat ko asat mAnanevAlI dRSTi svayaM kaliyuga hai / kaliyuga kI A~khoM meM hamezA bhrAnti rahatI hai jabaki satyuga kI A~khoM meM zAnti kA mAnasa laharAtA hai| kaliyuga vyaSTi poSaka hai, satyuga samaSTi poSaka hai| kaliyuga kAntimukta zava hai, satyuga kAntiyukta ziva hai| jJAna kyA hai, isake sambandha meM svAmIjI ke vicAra haiM ki jJAna eka pakA huA phala hai| acchA-burA apanA mana hI hotA hai| ataH mana para hI lagAma lagAnA Avazyaka hotA hai / strI jAti ke sambandha meM vicAra vyakta karate hue Apane kahA hai ki ve puruSa ke sammukha Adarza rUpa hotI haiN| paratantra hokara bhI pApinI nahIM hotiiN| puruSa hI jaba bAdhya karatA hai tabhI ve kupathagAminI hotI haiN| unhoMne 'strI' (pR. 205), 'mahilA' (pR. 202), 'nArI' (pR. 202) aura 'abalA' (pR. 203) Adi zabdoM kI vyAkhyA bhI kI hai / Apane kumArI, duhitA, sutA - ina zabdoM kA mahattva bhI pratipAdita kiyA hai| 'jaba taka yahA~ 'kumArI' rahegI, dharA sampadAsampannA rahegI / kumAriyoM ko santoM ne prAthamika maMgala mAnA hai' (pR. 204) / 'sutA' yAnI sukha-suvidhAoM kA srota hai aura 'duhitA' meM do hita nihita haiM- svayaM kA hita aura para kA hita / yAnI svayaM ke hita ke sAtha-sAtha patita se pati pati kA bhI vaha hita dekhatI hai (pR. 205) / darzana jaise kaThina viSaya ko 'mUkamATI' meM bahuta hI sarala zabdoM meM spaSTa kiyA hai| darzana aura adhyAtma kyA hai ? darzana kA srota mastaka hai, hRdaya se adhyAtma kA jharanA jharatA hai / adhyAtma ko jAnane ke lie adhyAtma ke sarovara meM gaharI DubakI lagAnI par3atI hai| sAdhaka kA bahirjagat se sambandha TUTa jAtA hai| jo sAdhaka saMsAra ke jAla ko tor3a DAlate haiM, ve AtmavijJa kahalAte haiM, sthitaprajJa kahalAte haiM / " apane meM lIna honA hI niyati hai" (pR. 349); "AtmA ko chor3akara / saba padArthoM ko vismRta karanA hI / sahI puruSArtha hai" (pR. 349) / svastika kA cihna pavitratA kA sUcaka hotA hai / vidyAsAgarajI kI vyAkhyA ke anusAra svastika kI cAra pA~khur3iyoM jIvana kI cAra gatiyA~ haiM / una pA~khur3iyoM para
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 277 lagIM bindiyA~ jIvana ko sukha se zUnya batAtI haiM (pR. 309 ) / jaina darzana meM vItarAgI puruSa kA bahuta mahattva hai / usakI sabhI vizeSatAoM para prakAza DAlA hai| vItarAgI jisa ghara meM bhojana kara sakatA / karatA hai, usakI pUrNa prakriyA bhI batAI hai / sArI indriyA~ jar3a hotI haiM aura jar3a kA upAdAna jar3a hI hotA hai| jar3a meM koI cAha nahIM hotI aura na koI rAha hotI hai| vItarAgI puruSa santa ho jAtA hai| usake samAgama se lAbha hotA hai evaM sahI dizA kA prasAda milatA hai| santa hamezA nIce dekhate haiN| isI taraha vastu kA asalI svAda santa arthAt 'jina' AtmajayI hI samajhatA hai| aise santa aura vItarAgI puruSa kI cAha mukti kI hotI hai / vaha yahI cAhatA hai ki kartavya sabala ho, tAmasa naSTa ho, samatA kA bhAva jAgrata ho| isameM kucha chuTapuTa vicAra bhI vyakta kie haiM, jaise sAhitya ke sambandha meM - "jisa ke avalokana se / sukhaka samudbhava-sampAdana ho/ sahI sAhitya vahI hai " (pR. 111) / saMgIta vaha hai jo saMgAtIta ho, prIti vaha hai jo aMgA ho / siMha aura zvAna vRtti dvArA vicAroM kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| siMha viveka se kAma letA hai, zvAna parAdhInatA kA mUlya nahIM samajhatA / zvAna saMskRti acchI nahIM mAnI jAtI, kyoMki vaha apanI jAti ko dekhakara hI gurrAtA hai| jabaki siMha apanI jAti meM milakara jItA hai| bhUkhA hone para zvAna apane baccoM ko khA jAtA hai tathA viSThA se bhI peTa bharatA hai / Aja kI saMskRti zvAna saMskRti ke kahIM nikaTa hai| aad sthAna-sthAna para para sandeza die haiM jo Adhunika sandarbha meM sabhI ke lie upayogI haiN| Aja ke mAnava ko Izvara para pragAr3ha vizvAsa hai, phira bhI vaha Izvara ko AtmasAt nahIM kara sakA hai, anyathA Izvara usake sira taka hI sImita nahIM rahatA, AtmA meM praveza kara jAtA / Aja patha dikhAnevAloM ko svayaM hI patha dikha nahIM rahA, ve svayaM patha para calanA nahIM caahte| Aja kI rAjanIti meM ucca ucca hI rahatA hai aura nIca nIca hI rahatA hai / kavi kI aisI dhAraNA nahIM hai / Aja kI ArakSaNa prakriyA galata hai / yadi nIce ko U~cA uThAnA hai to usameM sAttvika saMskAra DAlane hoMge / samAjavAda kA mAtra nArA lagAne se koI samAjavAdI nahIM banegA / hameM samatA bhAva rakhanA hogA evaM bhedabhAva samAja se dUra karanA hogA, anyathA yaha nizcita hai ki mAna ko Thesa pahu~cane para AtaMkavAda kA janma hogA hI / atizoSaNa yA atipoSaNa bhI isa AtaMkavAda kA janaka hai| Aja kA sAmAjika dRSTikoNa yaha hai ki padavAle hI padopalabdhi ke lie para ko pada-dalita karate haiM / ata: AtaMkavAdI cAhate haiM ki unheM Azvasta kiyA jAe, viSamatA samApta ho, du:kha kA anta ho aura unheM bhI sukha mile / anyathA jaba taka AtaMkavAda jIvita rahegA yaha dharatI zAnti kA zvAsa nahIM le sakatI / Aja kA yuga ulaTe vidhAnavAlA hai, tabhI to satya AtmasamarpaNa karatA hai vaha bhI asatya ke sAmane / AtaMkavAdiyoM ko samAja hI paidA karatA hai| samAja meM viSamatA na hotI to AtaMkavAdI paidA na hote| ata: viSamatA ko naSTa karanA hogA, bheda bhAva ko ko bhI khatma karanA hogA, tabhI AtaMkavAda samApta hogA / mahAkAvya sampUrNa jIvana para AdhArita hotA hai, ata: vaha jIvana ke jJAna kA saMcaya hotA hai| usa dRSTi se isa kAvya meM racanAkAra ne athAha jJAna u~r3elA hai / lekhaka ko Ayurveda, prAkRtika cikitsA Adi kA jJAna hai| usane bImArI tathA usake upacAra bhI batAe haiM, jaise- jaTharAgni manda par3ane para dahI, maTThA, maherI pInA caahie| uSNa prakRti hone se pitta kupita hotA hai tathA citta kSubhita hotA hai / maTThe ko chauMka dene se vaha pAcaka hotA hai| dUdha meM mizrI milAne se vaha balavardhaka banatA hai / sandhikAla meM khAnA roga kA kAraNa hai, kyoMki sandhikAla sAdhanA ke lie upayukta hai| dAha roga kA nidAna batAte hue Apane kahA hai ki cA~danI rAta meM candrakAnta maNi se jharA ujjvala zItala jala lekara, malayAcala ke candana ko ghisakara lalATa-tala evaM nAbhi para lagAne se dAha roga zamita hotA hai| dUsarA nidAna - tAtkAlika tAje zuddha sugandhita ghI meM anupAta se kapUra ko milAkara u~guliyoM se mastaka ke madhya brahmarandhra para mardana kreN| rogana Adi guNakArI taila kA rIr3ha meM mardana kareM, yaha upacAra dAha roga meM rAmabANa hai| dAha roga kyoM hotA hai, isake kAraNoM para bhI prakAza DAlA hai / balavardhaka dUdha na pIne se, oja-teja vidhAyaka ghI ke na khAne se tathA dadhinirmita pakavAna nA khAne se dAha roga hotA I
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________________ 278 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA prAkRtika cikitsA meM miTTI ke guNoM kA vistRta varNana milatA hai| miTTI kisa-kisa roga kA nivAraNa kara sakatI hai, ityAdi prayogoM kA muni vidyAsAgarajI ko bharapUra jJAna hai| unhoMne ina prayogoM kA isa pustaka meM ullekha kiyA hai : "mATI, pAnI aura havA / sau rogoM kI eka davA " (pR. 399 ) / Apane hRdaya ko chor3akara zarIra meM saba jagaha miTTI ke prayoga kI salAha dI hai, jaise- pakvApakva rudhira bhare ghAva meM, bhItarI yA bAharI coTa meM, asahanIya karNa pIr3A meM, jvara ke samaya lalATa meM, nAsUra meM, jukAma, naqasIra, ziraHzUla AdhA ho yA pUrNa, hasta-pAda kI asthi TUTane para vaha miTTI se jur3a sakatI hai| miTTI ke pAtra meM tape hue dUdha ko pUrA zItala kara rogI ko peya rUpa meM denA caahie| miTTI guNakArI hotI hai| miTTI ke pAtra meM dahI jamAkara tathA mathAnI se mathane ke uparAnta pUrNataH navanIta nikAlakara nirvikAra takra ( maTThA / chAcha) kA sevana karanA cAhie / svAmIjI ko mANika, maNiyoM Adi se ilAja hotA hai, isakA bhI jJAna hai / pukharAja, mANika, nIlama se madhumeha, zvAsa, kSaya Adi rAjarogoM kA ilAja hotA hai / Apane yahA~ sAmAjika prathAoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai- sUryagrahaNa meM bhojana na karanA tathA usa samaya janaraMjana, manaraMjana, aMjana - vyaMjana kA bhI sevana nahIM karanA / isameM tAntrika jJAna kA bhI ullekha milatA hai - mantrita sAta nIMbU, prati nIMbU meM Ara-pAra huI sUI tathA jina para kAlI Dora ba~dhI huI hai, ina sabako AkAza meM kAlI megha ghaTAoM kI kAmanA ke sAtha zUnya AkAza meM uchAlane se pAnI barasatA hai / isa mahAkAvya meM prakRti citraNa bhI milatA hai, jo apane DhaMga kA anokhA hai / Aja taka isa prakAra kA prakRti citraNa kisI bhI mahAkAvya meM nahIM huA hai, kyoMki yaha uddezyapUrNa prakRti citraNa hai / jalakaNa duSTatA ke pratIka haiM, bhUmikaNa sajjanatA ke pratIka haiM / indra, megha, bijalI, olAvRSTi Adi kA uddezyapUrNa varNana hai| rasoM kA varNana bhI upayuktatA athavA upayogitAvAdI dRSTikoNa yA yoM kaheM ki jaina dharma ke anukUla hI kiyA gayA hai| rasoM kI abhivyakti para bhI dharma kA prabhAva lakSita hai| 'dayA' ke kAraNa karuNa rasa ko pramukhatA milI hai| nirvedabhAva ke kAraNa 'zAnta rasa' sarvazreSTha mAnA gayA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki 'vIra rasa' ko vidyAsAgarajI jIvana meM upayukta nahIM mAnate, kyoMki isa rasa se khUna ubalatA hai aura krodha kAbU meM nahIM A pAtA / veda bhAva ke vikAsa ke lie hAsya ko tyAganA hI ucita mAnA hai, kyoMki yaha hAsya bhAva bhI kaSAya hai| 'raudra rasa' vikRti hai vikAra kI / zRMgAra ko jar3a kahA hai| bhaya, vismaya, bIbhatsa, karuNa, zAnta evaM vAtsalya Adi sabhI rasoM ko citrita kiyA hai / zAnta meM sabhI rasoM kA anta batAyA hai / karuNA aura zAnta kI tulanA kI hai| karuNA tarala nadIvat hai, para se prabhAvita hotI hai / zAnta kisI bahAva meM bahatA nahIM, jamAnA palaTane para bhI jamA rahatA hai apane sthAna para / - alaMkAroM meM upamA, rUpaka Adi kA prayoga yatra-tatra milatA hai - "palAza kI ha~sI-sI sAr3I pahanI" (pR. 200); vijJAna aura AsthA kA rUpaka (pR. 249); indriyA~ khir3akiyA~ haiM, tana bhavana hai, bhavana meM baiThA puruSa vAsanA kI A~khoM se bhinna-bhinna khir3akiyoM se jhA~katA hai aura viSayoM ko grahaNa karatA hai (pR. 329) / isI taraha vItarAgI puruSa kI gAya Adi se upamA haiN| gocarI vRtti, bhrAmarI vRtti Adi santa kI hotI haiM (pR. 332-334) / kahAvata bhI mahAkAvya meM sahaja hI mila jAtI haiM- "pUta kA lakSaNa pAlane meM" dikha jAtA hai (pR. 14, 482); "guravela to kar3avI hotI hI hai/ aura nIma para car3hI ho / to kahanA hI kyA !" (pR. 236); "bahatA pAnI aura ramatA jogI" (pR. 448); "saMsAra 99 kA cakkara hai" (pR. 167) / sampUrNa mahAkAvya kI zailI pratIkAtmaka hai| eka hI pratIka ko vibhinna rUpoM meM prayukta kiyA hai, jaise 'kumbha' ko nirbalatA kA pratIka bhI mAnA hai kyoMki babUla kI lakar3I use uThAtI hai, kintu vaha pavitratA pratIka bhI hai aura saMskArita bhI hai| jalane ke pazcAt svayaM ke lie vajratama kaThora hai, 'para' ke prati paramahaMsa hai, navanIta hai, santoM kA pratIka bhI hai; guru kA pratIka bhI hai, kyoMki vaha guru banakara seTha ko saceta karatA hai, use samajhAtA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 279 hai ki pAtra kI dInatA nirabhimAna dAtA meM mAna kA AvirmANa karAtI hai 'kaMkara' laghutA kA, ahaMyukta mAnava kA pratIka hai| inhIM ke lie mATI kA sandeza hai ki yadi hIrA bananA hai to saMyamI bananA hogaa| 'mATI' una manuSyoM kA pratIka hai jo laghutA ko chor3akara gurutA kA pada sambhAlate haiN| inako vikasita karanA hI samAja ko bar3hAnA hai| 'mATI' jJAna kA bhI pratIka hai| yahI mATI isa sampUrNa mahAkAvya kI 'nAyikA' hai| kadAcit ise hI 'nAyaka' bhI kaha sakate haiM, kyoMki sArA kAvya isI mATI ke irdagirda ghUmatA hai / mUka hote hue bhI isI kI vANI mukhara hai| yahI hameM jJAna detI hai| ye sandeza detI hai vibhinna-vibhinna prakAra se yA yoM kaheM ki mATI ko nimitta banAkara hI vidyAsAgarajI samAja ko sandeza denA cAhate haiN| 'gA~Tha' hiMsA kA pratIka hai| 'kA~Te' duSToM ke pratIka haiN| 'machalI' una manuSyoM kI pratIka hai jo janma lekara jalate rahate haiN| 'pAnI' ajJAna kA pratIka hai| 'daladala' badale ke bhAva kA pratIka hai| lahara' darzana kA pratIka hai| 'saravara' adhyAtma kA pratIka hai| zvAna' parAdhInatA kA pratIka hai / isI taraha kucha aMkoM ko bhI pratIkoM kI zreNI meM le liyA hai, jaise-63' - sajjanatA, '36'- durjanatA, '99'- saMsAra cakra , 363'- eka-dUsare ke khUna ke pyAse kA pratIka hai aura ina manuSyoM kA darzana Aja sahaja sulabha hai| 'agni' jina (AtmajayI) kA pratIka hai, 'siMha' rAjasI vRtti kA, 'dharatI' sarvasahA kA, 'jaladhi' durjanatA kA, 'sUrya' sajjanatA kA, candramA' ghUsakhorI kA, 'badalI' strI kA, 'jalakaNa' duSTatA kA, 'bhUmikaNa' sajjanatA kA, 'bAdala' vighna kA, 'bhramara' santa kA, 'mayUrapaMkha' saMyama kA, 'dIpaka' santa kA aura Adarza gRhastha kA, 'mazAla' sAmAjika prANI kA, 'macchara' dhanika kA, 'matkuNa' acchAI kA pratIka hai / isa taraha se sAgara, dharatI, sUraja, cA~da, phUla, pavana, bijalI jaise pAtroM ke mAdhyama se bhAvoM kA samucita pariSkAra kiyA hai| vaise kucha pratIkoM para jaina darzana kA prabhAva spaSTa dRSTigocara hotA hai, jaise-mayUrapaMkha, dIpaka, dharatI aadi| 'mUkamATI' kAvya meM vidyAsAgarajI ke kucha vicAra khaTakate haiM- ve haiM strI sambandhI / eka sthAna para to unhoMne strI ko Adarza batAyA hai, puruSa ke kAraNa hI vaha kupathagAmanI hotI hai| kintu dUsare sthAna para ve yaha bhI kahate nahIM hicakate ki kula paramparA aura saMskRti kA sUtradhAra strI ko nahIM banAnA caahie| sAtha hI yaha bhI kahate haiM ki strI ko gopanIya kArya ke viSaya meM vicAra vimarza kI bhUmikA nahIM batAnA cAhie / hama donoM meM se kauna-sA vicAra mAneM unakA ? isI prakAra sUrya, jo ki sajjanatA kA pratIka hai, vaha strI sambandhI svastha dhAraNA rakhatA hai (pR.201-208), jabaki isI khaNDa meM sAgara jo ki durjanatA kA pratIka hai, vaha strI sambandhI burI bhAvanA ko pAlatA hai (pR.224) / ata: hama pAThaka ina donoM meM se vidyAsAgarajI kA vicAra kauna sA mAneM, yaha aspaSTa lagatA hai| isI taraha 'duhitA' zabda kA ullekha vedoM meM AtA hai jisakA aitihAsika mahattva hai / duhitA kA artha hai duhanevAlI / isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki usa kAla meM lar3akiyA~ gAya dohana kA kArya karatI thIM, kintu vidyAsAgarajI ne isa zabda kA tor3a-maror3a kara artha prastuta kiyA hai| sampUrNa kRti meM lekhaka yahI cAhatA hai ki kRti rahe, saMskRti rahe asIma varSoM taka, jAgRta-jIvita-ajita / vaha kartA na rahe vizva ke sAmane / vaha kevala ahaM ko naSTa kara jAgRta rahe / vidyAsAgarajI kI yaha kRti nizcaya hI yuga kI mahAn upalabdhi hai, vizeSakara hindI sAhitya kI zrI-vRddhi kI dRSTi se tathA jaina darzana ko sampUrNa samAja meM vitarita karane kI dRSTi se bhii| nizA kA avasAga-- ......"uvAkI zAna TorahI hai| phAdara.:
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________________ sArasvata sAdhanA kA svarNakalaza : 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya pro. akSaya kumAra jaina ananta satya kI anubhUti ko zabda brahma dvArA abhivyakti kA prayatna manISI mAnavoM dvArA AdikAla se hI haiN| mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' isI paramparA meM eka maulika-abhUtapUrva-jIvanta prayoga hai / virAT kalpanA vaibhava, vilakSaNa pratyutpannamati evaM brahmANDa ko piNDa meM vyakta karane vAlI pratibhA se sampanna yaha kRti Adhunika jIvana aura jagat ko amRta varadAna kI taraha stutya aura vandanIya bhI hai / kathAvastu, bhAva vyaMjanA aura zilpa saundarya kI dRSTi se yaha racanA zatAbdiyoM pUrva ke bhAratIya vAGmaya kA smaraNa karA detI hai| isakI zAbdika vyaMjanA aura unake arthoM ke anekAneka guhya ramaNIya rahasyoM kA paricaya kevala saMskRta aura dakSiNa bhAratIya karnATikI sAhitya meM hI milatA/prApta hotA hai / 'mUkamATI' par3hate samaya mujhe 'bhUvalaya, 'saptAnusandhAna mahAkAvya' (meghavijayagaNi), dvi-tri-anusandhAna mahAkAvya 'rAghava-pANDavIyam' kI smRti A gaI to sapATa, satarka sUjhabUjha evaM sacoTatA kI dRSTi se madhyayugIna santa kabIra aura mIThe-madhura mahAkavi malika muhammada jAyasI kA sAhitya eka sAtha A~khoM ke sAmane taira gyaa| darzana, satya aura sAhitya ke aise maNi-kA~cana prayoga, jo ki 'satyaM-zivaM-saundaryam' kI piNDarAzi ko mUrtimanta rUpa meM prastuta karate haiM, vizva sAhitya meM aMguliyoM para gine-cune (mahAkAvya) hI haiN| milTana ke 'pairADAiz2a laoNsTa, maharSi aravinda ke sAvitrI prasAda ke 'kAmAyanI', vAlmIki kI 'rAmAyaNa, bANabhaTTa kI kAdambarI, kAlidAsa ke 'raghuvaMza' evaM 'meghadUta' aura hindI meM 'rAso' se 'rAvaNa' taka ke sabhI prabandha kAvya mujhe jhakajhorate se punarvicAra ke lie kuredane lge| 'mUkamATI' mujhe 'mATI kI mahimA' kavitA yAda karA gaI, jo ki zivamaMgala siMha 'sumana' kI vizruta-bhavyaojasvI kavitA hai / isake kucha prayoga mujhe mAkhanalAla caturvedI kI 'sAhitya devatA'kA smaraNa karAne lage to isakA krAntighoSa mujhe khalIla jibrAna kI mahAnatama kRtiyoM ko sAmane rakhane lagA / jarmana ke mahAn lekhaka jviga kI She racanA aura bhagavAn buddha ke jIvana para likhI usI dharatI ke mahAn lekhaka kI kRtiyA~ mujhe atIta kAla ke svAdhyAyI sAhitya ko sammukha upasthita karane lgiiN| jIvana meM pahalI bAra mujhe aisI vilakSaNa kAvyakRti ke par3hane kA sukhada saubhAgya milA jisakI abhivyakti meM mujhe zabda nahIM mila rahe haiN| isa kRti meM svara-vyaMjanoM-bIjAkSaroM ne pahalI bAra apane adbhuta artha rahasyoM ko prakaTa kiyA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki svayaM jaMgala kI jar3I-bUTiyA~ hakIma lukamAna se bAta karake apane guNadharma batA rahI haiM aura kaha rahI haiM ki isa rugNa, klAnta, dainya, du:khI tathA zvAsa tor3atI mAnavatA ke paripoSaNa ke lie 'he mahAcikitsaka ! tuma yaha amRta ghaTa lo aura isakI saMjIvanI binduoM kI bauchAra se saMhAraka aNu ke Upara jalatI mAnavatA ko puna: navajIvana dAna do|' zAstrIya vidvAn, sAhitya mahArathI, mahApaNDitajana isameM chanda, alaMkAra, vyAkaraNa, rasa aura kAvya doSoM ke sAtha sargoM kI nyUnatA para apanI chidrAnveSiNI vakradRSTi DAla sakate haiM, para jisa racanAkAra ne dvaita-advaita se pare, dharmaartha-kAma tathA mokSa ke cAturyAmI saMkalpa aura uddezya se isa paMca bhautika zarIra ko tyAga, tapasyA aura svAdhyAya kI triveNI meM snAna karAkara, zukladhyAna kI-sI avasthA meM pahu~ca - jo svapna, suSupti aura jAgaraNa kI saMsAra-tripuTi se pare turIya brahmAnanda sahodara AtmAnanda kA svAda liyA ho, use abhivyakti dene ke lie 'catuHsargI' racanA hI upayukta hai| aisA merA mana kahatA hai ki yaha saMskRta ke 'jIvandhara campU' aura rASTrakavi kI 'yazodharA' kI bhA~ti hI AdhyAtmika mahAkAvya' hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 281 janama aura maraNa ke bIca jIvanta kSaNoM kA upayoga isa dharatI ke prANI ko kisa prakAra karake apane svasvabhAva, sva-samaya aura sva-sthAna meM ramaNa karane yogya banAnA hai, aise kaI 'anuttara' praznoM ke uttara isa mahAkAvya meM anAyAsa hI mila jAte haiM / vijJAna ke aura darzana ke Thosa, tarala, gaisa aura cintana ke 'dhrauvya-utpAda-vyaya' kA kAvyAtmaka, sundara samanvaya sAmAnya kavi pratibhA ke vaza kI bAta nahIM hai| ___ isameM 'rAhI' calate-calate 'hIrA' bana jAtA hai / isake yA isa jaise udAharaNa mahApaNDita bauddha vidvAn rAhula sAMkRtyAyana aura bhadanta Ananda kauzalyAyana aura unakI sAhitya kRtiyA~ hI haiN| rAkha' ke nIce 'kharA' svarNima, tapta Atma aMgAra hai jo ki Upara se mAtaMga dikhatA hai para bhItara samyagdRSTi hai, yaha svAmI samantabhadrAcArya ke ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra' meM kaha sakate haiM / 'rAdhA' kahate-kahate saMsAra kI dhArA se chUTa-nirAdhAra nahIM, sva-AdhAra AtmAnanda aura zivazakti svarUpa AtmarUpa, avinazvara, siddhazilA para virAjita ananta, akhaNDa, akSaya, avinAzI Ananda ke svAmI bana sakate ho, yaha rAdhAsvAmI' ke anubhavI sAdhaka hI batA sakate haiN| 'vaikharI' meM dhvani, vANI, mantrAkSaroM aura unake prayoga, jo prasiddha tAntrikoM, mAntrikoM, upAsakoM ko bhI kabhI sUjha na par3e hoM, aise prayoga anAyAsa hI AcAryazrI ke dvArA vibhinna arthoM meM prasphuTita hokara duniyA ke donoM nayoM-nizcaya aura vyavahAra, kSaNika aura zAzvata tathA sAnta aura ananta, zubha aura azubha tathA eka aura aneka arthoM ko prakaTAte hue vizva samasyAoM ke hala ke lie jaina dharma ke anekAnta, syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI siddhAnta ko saralatA se samajhA jAte haiN| vacana aura vANI ke siddha mahAyogI kI isa racanA meM 'da' varadAna kI smRti A gaI, jise deva, dAnavoM aura mAnavoM ne dayA, damana, dAna ke alaga-alaga arthoM meM liyA hai| ananta AkAza, sUrya razmiyA~ tathA vAyu to muphta meM prApta haiM hI, mAtra miTTI aura jala se svastha zarIra rahakara dharmadhyAna kIjie tathA nara deha meM nArAyaNa kI samprApti kiijie| jaina sAdhu ke lie "jala mRttikA bina aura nAhiM kachu gahai adattA" kahIM, taba daulatarAmajI kI 'chahaDhAlA' kI ye paMktiyA~ mAnoM jAga giiN| zArIrika, mAnasika, bauddhika sabhI prakAra se rugNa mAnavoM, pazu aura pakSiyoM ke lie kevala 'mATI' ke prAkRtika cikitsA dvArA svAsthya lAbha kI bAta zrI modI aura 'madara iNDiyA' ke karor3apati cikitsA zAstrI DaoN. bAbUrAva athavA baMgalA ke mahAvidvAn mukurjI mahAzaya hI apane saikar3oM prAkRtika cikitsA granthoM dvArA sujhA pAe haiN| jala cikitsA aura sUrya-razmi cikitsA meM jo kArya pUre jIvana bhara tibbata ke lAmA yogI batA pAe aura ujjaina ke DaoNkTara durgAdatta nAgara, jo 'kalpavRkSa' kAryAlaya ke saMsthApaka aura alaukika cikitsA vijJAna ke bhAratIya sAdhaka the evaM zabda, citra aura dhyAna ke dvArA ujjaina meM rahate hue bhI saMsAra ke kisI bhI kone meM sthita rogI ko mAtra dhyAna-vicAra aura bhAvanA mAtra se ThIka kara dete the, usa jaisA hI prayoga hameM 'mUkamATI' meM milatA hai| mAtra dhyAna se jala varSAkara' jaina nirgrantha muni ne jalate hue saikar3oM hAthiyoM-jAnavaroM ko jaMgala kI dAvAnala agni se bacAkara rakSA kI tathA tIrthaMkara prakRti' kA bandha kiyA, sAtha hI aneka paMcendriyoM ke prANa bacAkara apane ahiMsaka, jJAna svarUpa, vAtsalyadharmI AtmA kI karuNA kA jo paricaya diyA, vaha binA lambI-caur3I bhUmikA ke isa mahAkAvya kI canda paMktiyoM meM 'gAgara meM sAgara' kI taraha yatra-tatra-sarvatra sulabha hai| _ 'mUkamATI' meM prayukta 'gadahA, 'yAda' Adi ke prayoga prabhAkara mAcave kI kRti 'parantu' se bahuta Age ke aura mahattama bhI haiM / svaroM kA saMgIta, om dhvani, anahada nAda aura AkAzavyApI mahA bhai+ rava kI parikalpanA ko tAz2A kara detA hai / vedoM ke bAda dhvani prabhAva aura zabda brahma kI aisI adbhuta, samartha abhivyakti tathA mAkhana mizrI ke laDDU
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________________ 282 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA aura rasabharI jalebI kI taraha yaha sabhI tarapha se svAdiSTa racanA hai, isa jaisI anya racanA merI dRSTi meM nahIM aaii| vizva ke bejor3a adhyAtma rasapUrNa sarasa sAhityika zabdazilpa kI adbhuta kRti hai yaha / 'sAhitya' - sat aura hita rUpa hI honA cAhie, yaha bAta gurudeva ravIndranAtha Taigora ne 'vizvabhAratI' meM 'gItAMjalI' para nobala puraskAra prApti ke bAda eka bhASaNa meM zrotAoM ko samajhAI thI, jise 'mUkamATI' ke racanAkAra ne sahaja-saralarUpa meM sabhI prakAra ke pAThakoM ko hRdayaMgama karA diyA hai| par3hate-par3hate zarIra tAz2A, mana zAnta, buddhi tarka chor3atI aura Atmavibhora ho dhanya-dhanya kaha uThatI hai| pahalI bAra gopiyoM ke bhAva' sUradAsa kI zailI meM "uddhava ! jina a~khiyA~ tuma zyAma nihArata, te a~khiyA~ hama lAgI, uddhava hama ati bhae bar3a-bhAgI!" vizvavikhyAta vicAraka kRSNamUrti ne kahA hai ki "zabda se usakA artha chIna leM aura phira dekhie, sArI sRSTi hI vyartha ho jaaegii|" yahA~ bAta yaha kahI gaI hai ki zabdoM ke vividha arthI AyAmoM para vicAra kIjie aura sabhI prakAra ke vivAdoM se bacakara sukha-zAntimaya jIvana vyatIta kiijie| usI prakAra jina puNyazAlI bhAgyavAn zrAvakoM-gRhasthoM ne AcAryazrI ke pravacanoM se AtmasvarUpa kI paricitti yA zAnti lAbha liyA ho, ve vacana kAvyAmRta kAmadhenu ke susvAdu puSTa pathya rUpa meM mere carma cakSuoM ne dekha, Atmarasa kA AsvAdana lenA cAhA aura pragaTAyA ki yaha jIvana hI kalpavRkSa hai| kalpanA karo ki isa jIvana vRkSa meM cintAoM ke nahIM, citta-zAnti ke maNi-mANika lageM aura yaha nazvara jIvana 'cintAmaNi' (cintA nAmaka maNi) banakara vizvajana kI cintAoM kA haraNa kara sake / isake zabda-zabda motI haiM, akSaroM meM bhAsvara-bhAskara razmitulya maNiyA~, vAkyoM kI mohaka lar3iyA~, sargoM ke aise sopAna haiM jo kramaza : cAroM dharma - dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa-ke siddhi pradAtA haiN| aura isakA nirmAtA ananta Atma-'vidyA' kA sacamuca 'mIThA mahAsAgara hai, jisane sArasvata sAdhanA ke isa svarNakalaza meM ve ananta anamola ratnarAziyA~ dI haiM, jo sabhI dezoM, sabhI kAloM ke sabhI prANiyoM ko apane jIvana kI sArthakatA sampanna karAte hue mAnava ko nara se nArAyaNa, AtmA se paramAtmA tathA puruSa se puruSottama kA divya sandeza detA hai| pRSTha 58 isIkArya hetu- ... sulajhAte-sulajhAne
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________________ 'mUkamATI' aura zabdavinodI AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara DaoN. mahAvIra prasAda upAdhyAya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI kAvyakRti 'mUkamATI' ko dekhane se pUrva hI-likhI-sunI bAtoM ke AdhAra para eka dhuMdhalI-sI dhAraNA banI thI ki yaha eka ucca dArzanika racanA hogii| aisA hai bhii| kRti evaM kRtikAra ke prati Adara bhAva lie maiM 'mUkamATI' par3hatA rahA / isa para kucha likhane kA saMkalpa thA / svabhAvata: kAvya kA jo pakSa mana para adhika prabhAva jamAtA hai, usI para likhA jA sakatA thA / yoM to isa racanA meM aneka bAteM haiM jo mana ko Andolita-prabhAvita karatI haiM, kintu maiMne isake zabda-vinoda ko hI apanA viSaya banAyA hai| Apa mATI kI mukti-yAtrA tathA usake vibhinna par3AvoM para mugdha ho sakate haiM, mahAkAvyocita prakRti varNana kA Ananda le sakate haiM yA AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kI guru gambhIra dArzanika anubhUtiyoM se kRtArtha ho sakate haiM, kintu zabdoM ke sAtha racanAkAra kI vinoda vRtti mujhe bahuta rucikara lagI hai| 'mUkamATI' meM aise bahuta se zabda haiM, jinheM AdhAra banAkara kavi ne U~cI-U~cI bAteM kaha dI haiN| kahIM zabdoM kI vyutpatti ko nae DhaMga se samajhAyA gayA hai aura kahIM usake viloma rUpa meM camatkArI artha kI khoja kI gaI hai| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI zabda-vyutpatti cAhe vyAkaraNa-sammata ho aura cAhe kalpanA-sammata, hotI nitAnta AhlAdaka hai| sarvatra zabdoM ke prati kavi kA zAstrIya evaM ba~dhA-ba~dhAyA Agraha hotA to ise zabda-vinoda nahIM kahA jA sakatA thaa| sukhada hai ki gambhIra viSayAntargata kavi ne krIr3A-vRtti apanAI aura pAThakoM kA na kevala svastha manoraMjana karAyA apitu zabdoM kI surucipUrNa vivecanA ke madhya ucca sandeza bhI nihita dikhlaayaa| 'mUkamATI' eka vizAlakAya grantha hai| ise mahAkAvya mAnA gayA hai / isake vistRta kalevara meM kavi ke zabdavinoda ke itane sthala haiM ki saba kI vistAra sahita carcA dussAdhya to nahIM hai, kintu yahA~ prayojana bhI kucha vaisA nhiiN| 'mUkamATI' eka zodhApekSI kAvyakRti hai aura isa para jaba bhI koI zodhakArya hogA, isake zabda-lAlitya para zodhakartA kI dRSTi avazya jaaegii| yahA~ to maiM kRti ke kucha prasaMgoM ko hI lenA cAha rahA huuN| utane hI prasaMgoM ko, jitane se kavi kI kalpanAzakti arthAropaNa kI kSamatA aura zabda-krIr3A-kauzala kI kiMcit jhalaka dikhalAI jA ske| kavi kI vinoda vRtti prasaMga yA viSaya sApekSa nahIM hai / vaha kahIM bhI dikha sakatI hai - kisI bhI prasaMga yA viSaya varNana meM / isIlie maiMne bhI kisI prakAra ke vargIkaraNa kI ceSTA nahIM kii| kAvya ke Adyanta krama meM kucha aise manorama sthala haiM, jahA~ hama kavi kI arthasUjha evaM tadanurUpa zabda vyAkhyA dekha sakate haiN| eka bAta jo aura bhI dhyAna meM rakhakara calane yogya hai vaha yaha ki zabdoM kI maulika vyutpatti prastuta karanA, eka zabda ke dhvanisAmya meM katipaya anya zabdoM kA prayoga karanA yA phira zabdoM ke viloma rUpa kA upasthitIkaraNa yU~ hI niruddezya nahIM hotaa| aise AyAsoM meM sarvatra koI na koI upayogI yA camatkArI vicAra avazya nihita rahatA hai / isI prakAza meM hama 'mUkamATI' ke kucha sthala dekheNge| 'para' ko dayAdRSTi se dekhane para 'sva' kA bodha hotA yA kaheM usakI yAda bhI AtI hai aura 'sva' kI yAda apane para dayA bhI hai| isa prakAra 'para' para dayA karanevAlA prANI 'sva'- bodha bhI karatA hai aura prakArAntara se 'sva' para dayA bhii| isI bAta ko apanI maulika zailI meM samajhAtA huA kavi kahatA hai : "sva kI yAda hI/sva-dayA hai/viloma-rUpa se bhI yahI artha nikalatA hai/yaad"d"yaa"|" (pR. 38 ) kisI zabda kI svatantra vyutpatti samajhAne meM AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI pUrNa pAraMgata haiN| udAharaNArtha hama
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________________ 284 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'gadahA' zabda ko le sakate haiM / isa zabda ke mUla taka koI zAstrIya dRSTivAlA vyakti jAnA cAhe to use saMskRta ke 'gardabha' zabda taka jAnA pdd'egaa| isa zabda kI vyutpatti hai- garda ( zabda karanA, dahAr3anA) + abhac / 'gardabha' se hI vikasita huA hai hindI kA zabda 'gadahA' / kintu, 'mUkamATI' kAra 'gadahA' ke saMskRta mUla taka nahIM jAtA / vaha to 'gadahA' zabda ko hI mUla mAna kara calatA hai| 'mUkamATI' kA kavi dUsare mArga se jAkara saMskRta zabdoM kA Azraya letA aura jo artha vaha prastuta karatA hai vaha (zabda) svatantra vidhi se nikAlA huA hone para bhI pUrI taraha zAstra sammata lagatA hai / dekhie : "gada kA artha hai roga/hA kA artha hai hAraka / maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA banU~ 'basa, / aura kucha vAMchA nahIM / gada- hA gadahA !" (pR. 40) mATI eka jagaha upadeza karatI hai aura kavi ne rAha, rAhI aura hIrA zabdoM ko eka dUsare ke sAtha apUrva DhaMga se nibaddha kara diyA hai saMyama kI rAha para cala kara : " rAhI bananA hI to / hIrA bananA hai, / svayaM rAhI zabda hI viloma rUpa se kaha rahA hai- / rAhI " hiiraa"|" (pR. 57) isI prakAra 'kharA' zabda mAno 'rAkha' ke viloma rUpa se hI gar3hA gayA ho| kaMvi ne 'kharA' zabda ko apane viloma rUpa se kahate hue batAyA hai : " rAkha bane binA / kharA - darzana kahA~ ? rA'''kha'''kha''"rA N" / " (pR. 57) I bhAratIya samAja meM yugoM se pratiSThita udAtta AdarzoM kI Aja kaisI-kaisI durgati huI hai, kavi ne isakI bhI jhalaka dikhalAI hai | hamAre samAja meM yU~ to U~cI-U~cI bAteM bahuta kI jAtI haiM aura ina bAtoM ko hI koI hamAre samAja ko samajhane kA AdhAra banA le to nissandeha hama praNamya samajhe jA sakate haiM / kintu, hamArI vAstavika dazA kyA hai - yaha kavi kI dRSTi se ojhala nahIM / 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kA hamArA uccAdarza na jAne kaba se calA A rahA hai / hama apanI udAratA pramANita karane ke lie na jAne kitanI bAra isI kathana kA Azraya lete haiM, kintu kavi kahatA hai : 46 "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam" / isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai / vasu yAnI dhana-dravya dhA yAnI dhAraNa karanA/Aja / dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kA / " (pR. 82) Adhunika jIvana meM sArI vyAkhyAe~ hI jaise ulaTI ho gaI haiN| aba saca bAta logoM ko nahIM suhAtIM / gA~voM meM bhI kahA jAtA hai- 'khara kai kahavaiyA dAr3hIjAra / ' kharI bAta bolane vAlA bhalA kise priya lagatA hai ! aura yugoM kI bAta cAhe jo rahI ho, kaliyuga meM to aisA hI dikhatA hai| yahA~ to 'sat yuga' bhI vAstavika sat - yuga se bhinna ho gayA hai| jisameM burA bhI 'bUrA' '-sA ( sAfa - zuddha kI gaI zarkarA ) lagatA hai| 'kharA' aura 'akharanA' tathA 'burA' aura 'bUrA' zabdoM kA upayoga dekhie : "yahI / kaliyuga kI sahI pahacAna hai / jise / kharA bhI akharA hai sadA / aura
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 285 sat - yuga tU use mAna / burA bhI / 'bUrA' - sA lagA hai sadA / " (pR. 82-83) zrImad bhagavadgItA meM samatva buddhi kI bAta vistAra se samajhAI gaI hai / mAnavIya jIvana meM kI jAne vAlI sAdhanA kA carama rUpa vahA~ samatva buddhi meM hI darzAyA gayA hai, kintu vahA~ yaha bodha eka dArzanika gambhIratA ke sAtha kiyA-karAyA jAtA hai / zabda - krIr3A karate hue isI U~cI bAta ko samajhA denA to 'mUkamATI' kAra AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI meM dikhalAI par3atI hai| sIdhe-sIdhe zabdoM se bAta samajha meM na Ae to zabdoM ke viloma rUpa kI ora dhyAna dilAne meM pAraMgata AcArya zrI kahate haiM : "sukha yA duHkha ke lAbha meM bhI / bhalA chupA huA rahatA hai, dekhane se dikhatA hai samatA kI A~khoM se, / lAbha zabda hI svayaM viloma rUpa se kaha rahA hai - / lAbha bhlaa|" (pR. 87) mAna yA abhimAna mana meM hI hotA hai / yaha kSudrajanoM kI pahacAna hai| jo sAdhupuruSa hai vaha isa abhimAnI mana ko astitvavihIna kara denA cAhatA hai| mana to mAno sadA yahI kahatA hai- namana ! nama na !! nama na !!! isakI pRSThabhUmi kavi kahatA hai : " mana kI chA~va meM hI / mAna panapatA hai / mana kA mAthA namatA nahIM na - 'mana' ho, taba kahIM / namana ho 'samaNa' ko / " (pR. 97 ) samAna dhvaniyoM kA anekazaH prayoga yoM to zabda - vinoda kI chaTA mAtra bikheratA lagatA hai, kintu 'mUkamATI' kAra ne aise prayogoM ke mAdhyama se nItigata arthoM kA bhI prasphuTana dikhalAyA hai| aise zabdoM evaM dhvaniyoM ko upasthita karane ke sAtha-sAtha kisa taraha nIti kI bAteM kaha dI gaI haiM, isakA eka udAharaNa dekheM : 'jo vIra nahIM haiM, avIra haiM/ una para kyA, unakI tasvIra para bhI abIra chiTakAyA nahIM jAtA !" (pR. 132) kavi ne 'hI' aura 'bhI' zabdoM kI paryApta dArzanika vyAkhyA kI hai| ye donoM zabda 'mUkamATI' ke pramukha pAtra kumbha ke mukha para aMkita haiN| inheM kavi ne 'bIjAkSara' kahA hai| ina zabdoM ke apane-apane darzana haiM : 'hI' ekAntavAda kA samarthaka hai 'bhI' anekAnta, syAdvAda kA pratIka / " (pR. 172 ) 'hI' kisa prakAra aikAntikatA meM simaTa kara rahatA hai, ise kavi ne prayogapUrvaka darzAyA hai : "" "hama hI saba kucha haiM/yU~ kahatA hai 'hI' sadA, tuma to tuccha, kucha nahIM ho / " (pR. 172) yahIM hama 'bhI' ko dekheM to isameM aneka kI sthiti evaM astitva kI svIkRti hai / tuccha svArtha se pare jAkara parArtha ko bhI yaha 'bhI' zabda svIkAratA hai / 'hI' jahA~ auroM ko hInadRSTi se dekhatA yA unheM asvIkAra hI detA hai, vahIM 'bhI' auroM ko na kevala mahattva detA hai, unake astitva ko svIkAratA hai apitu usakI dRSTi bhI samIcIna hotI hai / kavi ne 'hI' ko pAzcAtya tathA 'bhI' ko bhAratIya saMskRti kA pratIka batalAyA hai| eka rAvaNatva kI sUcanA detA hai, dUsarA rAmatva kI / isIlie eka nindya hai aura dUsarA vandya /
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________________ 286 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA yahI nahIM, kavi kA kathana hai ki jaba taka 'bhI' jIvita hai taba taka lokatantra bhI surakSita hai| 'bhI' svacchandatA aura madAndhatA ko miTAnevAlA hai tathA svatantratA ko sAkAra karanevAlA / kavi kathana hai : "sadvicAra sadAcAra ke bIja/'bhI' meM haiM, 'hI' meM nhiiN|" (pR. 173) AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI zabda-vinoda karate hue bIca-bIca meM apanI vividha dhAraNAe~ vyakta karate calate haiN| nArI, mahilA, abalA Adi strIvAcaka zabdoM ko lekara unhoMne paryApta raMjaka zabda-vinoda kiyA hai / zabdoM kI pAramparika vyAkhyA karanevAlA vyakti jahA~ zabda kI vyutpatti ke pazcAt usase artha kA niSkarSaNa karatA hai vahIM AcAryazrI ke sambandha meM kahanA kaThina hai ki unake dhyAna meM pahale zabdoM kI vyAkhyA-paddhati AtI hai ki artha-bodha hotA hai| 'nArI' kI vyAkhyA dekhie : " 'na ari' nArI""/athavA/ye ArI nahIM hai/sonArI" (pR.202) isI prakAra 'mahilA' zabda kI siddhi jina arthoM ke sAtha hotI hai, usameM pahalA to yaha ki vaha 'maha' yAnI maMgalamaya mAhaula lAtI hai / isalie 'mahilA' hai| dUsarA artha yaha ki vaha jIvana ke prati udAsIna aura hatotsAhI hue puruSa meM 'mahI' yAnI dharatI ke prati apUrva AsthA jagAtI hai|' vaha puruSa ko sanmArga ke darzana karAtI hai / isalie 'mahilA' hai| 'mahilA' zabda kI eka auSadhiparaka vyAkhyA prastuta karatA huA kavi kahatA hai ki saMgrahaNI vyAdhi se grasta puruSa ko vaha : "mahI yAnI/maThA-maherI pilAtI hai" (pR.203)| hai na yahA~ sundara zabda-vinoda ! phira, kavi 'nArI' zabda ke paryAya abalA' meM sundara arthoM kA AropaNa karatA hai, jo jIvana meM ava, avagama yA jJAnajyoti lAtI hai aura timira yA tAmasatA ko miTAtI hai / ise anya prakAra se bhI kahA gayA hai- jo puruSa kI cittavRtti ko vigata kI dazAoM aura anAgata kI AzAoM se pUrI taraha haTAkara aba' yAnI Agata - vartamAna meM lAtI hai, vaha 'abalA' kahalAtI hai| isI taraha abalA' kA eka aura nayA artha dekhie : "balA yAnI samasyA saMkaTa hai/na balA "so abalA/samasyA-zUnya-samAdhAna ! ...isalie striyoM kA yaha/ 'abalA' nAma sArthaka hai !" (pR. 203) striyoM ke prati kavi kA udAtta bhAva yahIM taka sImita nahIM hai / vaha usake 'kumArI' rUpa kI prAthamika maMgalamayatA kA bhI smaraNa karAtA hai / 'kumArI' ke maMgala rUpa kI siddhi kavi ne isa prakAra kI hai : " 'ku' yAnI pRthivI/'mA' yAnI lakSmI/aura/'rI' yAnI denevAlI isase yaha bhAva nikalatA hai ki/yaha dharA sampadA-sampannA taba taka rahegI/jaba taka yahA~ 'kumArI' rhegii|" (pR. 204) nArI ke prati sammAna bhAva Adhunika hindI kavitA meM chAyAvAda kAla se hI dekhane ko milane lagatA hai| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne nArI ke hara rUpa ke prati sammAna bhAva darzAyA hai / eka puruSa kA jIvana nArI ke binA zavavat ho jAtA hai, ise bhA~ti-bhA~ti se zaiva darzana se prabhAvita kavivara jayazaMkara prasAda ne bhI dikhAyA hai| unhoMne nArI ko puruSoM kI prerikA ke rUpa meM dekhA hai| kavivara AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kA bhI mAnanA hai ki puruSArthoM kI siddhi ke lie nArI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 287 sahayoga aparihArya hai / puruSa ke pApa karma puNya meM parivartita ho sakeM, isake lie strI prayatnazIla hotI hai / vaha puruSa kI vAsanA ko saMyata karatI hai / usakI upAsanA ko strI saMgata banAtI hai / kavi kA kathana hai : 1 46 '... kAma puruSArtha nirdoSa ho, / basa, isI prayojanavaza vaha garbha dhAraNa karatI hai| " (pR. 204 ) striyoM ke guNoM ko to svayaM strI zabda hI gunagunA rahA hai : 66 ''s' yAnI sama-zIla saMyama / 'trI' yAnI tIna artha haiM dharma, artha, kAma - puruSArthoM meM / puruSa ko kuzala - saMyata banAtI hai so. strI kahalAtI hai| " (pR. 205 ) nArI ke aneka rUpa haiM- prAyaH saba mohaka evaM mahanIya / 'sutA' yA 'duhitA' bhI usI kA rUpa hai / Adhunika jIvana meM putrAkAMkSA bhale hI prabala ho kintu sutA ke sevA-bhAva aura usake zIla-svabhAva para saba mugdha hote haiM / kavi 'sutA' zabda kI vyAkhyA meM kahatA hai : 66 'su' yAnI suhAvanI acchAiyA~ / aura / 'tA' pratyaya vaha bhAva - dharma, sAra ke artha meM hotA hai / yAnI, sukha-suvidhAoM kA srota so - / 'sutA' kahalAtI hai / " (pR. 205) isI prakAra 'duhitA' meM kavi ne do hita nihita mAne haiN| eka to vaha 'apanA hita svayaM hI kara letI hai' aura dUsare : " patita se patita pati kA jIvana bhI/hita sahita hotA hai, jisase vaha duhitA kahalAtI hai / " (pR. 205 ) duhitA aneka prakAra se 'duhitA' (do ora se hita sAdhana karane vAlI ) kahI gaI hai| vaha hai : " ubhaya - kula maMgala - vardhinI / ubhaya-loka - sukha - sarjinI sva-para-hita sampAdikA / " (206) strI kA eka nAma 'aMganA' bhI hai| strI kA yaha nAma usake madhura-mohaka aMgoM ke nAte hI sArthaka hai / kaviyoMsAhityakAroM ne usameM prAya: isI artha kI vyaMjanA kI hai| isa bAta para AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne bhI dhyAna diyA hai| eka nArI puruSa ko kevala aMga-sukha hI nahIM denA caahtii| vaha isase bar3hakara 'cirantana zAzvata' aura 'niraMjana bhAsvata' denA cAhatI hai / aMganA ke sAnnidhya meM puruSa prAya: anaMga-saMga se 'aMgArita' ho uThatA hai / isIlie 'mUkamATI' kI aMganA kI spaSTokti hai : "maiM 'aMganA' hU~/parantu,/ mAtra aMga nA hU~ / aura bhI kucha hU~ maiM..!" (pR. 207) kisI zabda kI viloma camatkRti hI hai ki kavi kaha sakA: "vizva kA tAmasa A bhara jAya / koI cintA nahIM,
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________________ 288 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kintu, viloma bhAva se/yAnI/tA"ma"sa s"m"taa"|" (pR. 284) yahA~ kavi ko jo abhilaSita hai vaha samatA bhAva hI hai / tAmasa se usakA kucha bhI prayojana nahIM kintu yaha kathana kavi viparIta gati se cala kara karatA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke kumbha ko bajAne para saragama nikala par3atA hai / saragama para sajI saMgIta sAdhanA kise nahIM bhAtI! kauna hai jo saMgIta kI mAdhurI meM alaukika Ananda kI anubhUti nahIM karatA / dArzanikoM ke anusAra 'AtmA' kA svabhAva dharma duHkha nahIM hai / kintu, saragama kI anUThI vyAkhyA to kavivara vidyAsAgarajI hI karate haiM : "sAre "ga"ma yAnI/sabhI prakAra ke duHkha pa"dha yAnI ! pada-svabhAva/aura/ni yAnI nahIM, duHkha AtmA kA svabhAva-dharma nahIM ho sktaa|" (pR. 305) eka sthAna para kavivara kA bhAva isa prakAra vyakta huA hai- pUjya caraNoM kA samparka pAkara tuccha raja bhI pUjya bana jAtI hai varan usameM bhalA kauna-sI pUjyatA hai ! caraNa bhI pUjya kauna hote haiM - ve 'jinakI pUjA A~kheM karatI haiN|' pUjya caraNoM kI upekSA karane vAlI A~kheM duHkha pAtI haiM, aisA upadeza to svayaM caraNa zabda hI do prakAra se kara rahA hai, pahale to sIdhe-sIdhe, phira vilomataH "caraNa ko chor3a kara/kahIM anyatra kabhI bhI/cara na ! cara na !! cara na !!!" (pR. 359) "ca"ra"Na nara'ca""/caraNa ko chor3a kara kahIM anyatra kabhI bhI/na raca ! na raca !! na raca !!!" (pR. 359) za, sa, Sa-ina tInoM USma dhvaniyoM ko kavi ne bIjAkSara kahA hai / isa 'zakAra-traya' ne svayaM apanA paricaya diyA hai / 'za' 'kaSAya kA zamana karane vAlA, zaMkara kA dyotaka, zaMkAtIta, zAzvata zAnti kI zAlA' hai / USma vyaMjana 'sa' 'samagra kA sAthI' kahA gayA hai jisameM samaSTi samAtI' hai aura jo 'sahaja sukha kA sAdhana' aura 'samatA kA ajasra srota' hai| hA~, Sa' kI lIlA nirAlI hai / yaha 'pa' ke peTa ko phAr3akara banAyA jAtA hai| 'pa' 'pApa aura puNya' kA pratIka hai| pApa aura puNya kA pariNAma saMsAra hai : "jisameM bhramita ho puruSa bhaTakatA hai/isIlie jo puNyApuNya ke peTa ko phAr3atA hai/'Sa' hotA hai karmAtIta / " (pR. 398) 'mUkamATI' meM kavi ne adhikAMza zabda-krIr3A zabdoM kI bhinna-bhinna zrutiyoM ko lekara kI hai tathA usake viloma rUpa kA prayoga vinodArtha evaM vAMchita artha niSpAdanArtha kiyA hai| kintu, eka akSara ke sthAna para dUsarA rakha dene yA bIca ke kisI akSara ko nikala kara nayA zabda raca dene kA kArya bhI kavi ne kiyA hai| vaikharI' zabda ko vaha bhinna-bhinna rIti se sajjana aura durjana donoM kI vANI kahatA hai / jaise megha se chUTI jala kI dhArA ikSu kA Azraya pAkara mizrI bana jAtI hai, vaise hI : "sajjana-mukha se nikalI vANI/'vai' yAnI nizcaya se 'kharI' yAnI saccI hai,/sukha-sampadA kI smpaadikaa|" (pR. 403)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 289 yadi megha se chUTI jala-dhArA ikSu kA Azraya pA mizrI bana jAtI hai to vahI nIma kI jar3a meM jAkara vaha kaTutA bhI dhAraNa kara letI hai / isIlie : eka bhinna paddhati se bhI isa zabda ko kavi ne durjanoM kI vANI ke lie siddha kiyA hai| 'vaikharI' zabda ke madhya 'kha' hai / 'kha' kA artha hotA hai - zUnya / isalie ise nikAla deM to zabda banatA hai- 'vairI' / aba kavi kahatA hai : "durjanoM kI vANI vaha, / sva aura para ke lie vairI kA hI kAma karatI hai|" (pR. 404) " durjana- mukha se nikalI vANI/ 'vai' yAnI nizcaya se 'khalI' yAnI dhUrtA - pApinI hai, / sArahInA vipadA - pradAyinI / " (pR. 403) yaha bAta sadA se hI anubhava kI jAtI rahI hai ki pada yA pratiSThA prApta karane kI AkAMkSA aneka pApoM kI mUla hai| Adhunika jIvana meM bhI yahI bAta dekhI jAtI hai / ucca pada prApta karane ke lie kitanoM ke prAptavya chIna lenA, utkocAdi apavitra sAdhanoM kA Azraya lenA aura vividha prakAra ke anya atyAcAra- pApAcAra karanA padalolupoM ke lie sAdhAraNa-sI bAteM hotI haiN| 'pada' zabda kA aneka taraha se prayoga karate hue kavi ne isI bAta kA kathana kiyA hai : prastuta kAvya-grantha meM 'dharatI' zabda kI kuzala vyAkhyA bhI dekhane yogya hai / isa zabda kA viloma rUpa prastuta kara artha - niSpAdana kiyA gayA hai : "padavAle hI padopalabdhi hetu / para ko pada- dalita karate haiM, / pApa- pAkhaNDa karate haiM prabhu se prArthanA hai ki / apada hI bane raheM hama !" (pR. 434) yahIM kavi kA kathana hai ki 'dha' ke sthAna para 'tha' kA prayoga kara deM to 'tIratha' zabda bana jAtA hai- 'zaraNAgata ko tAre so." tIratha / ' 'dharaNI' zabda ko bhI apane viloma rUpa se kavi ne yU~ kahate batalAyA hai : O "gha" ra" tI tIradha/ yAnI, / jo tIra ko dhAraNa karatI hai yA zaraNAgata ko/ tIra para dharatI hai/ vahI dharatI kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 452) isI prakAra : loga eka-dUsare kI sahAyatA yA madada lete hI haiN| eka-dUsare ko madada dete bhI haiM kintu kavi varNoM ke prayoga cAturya se saceta karatA hai : " mitroM se milI madada / yathArtha meM madada hotI hai / " (pR. 459) .. "dharaNI nIradha / nIra ko dhAraNa kare so dharaNI ... nIra kA pAlana kare so dharaNI !" (pR. 453) zabdoM kI thor3I-sI tor3a-maror3a se kavi ko kaisI vyaMgyoktiyA~ sUjhatI haiM, dekheM : 'AsthA kahA~ hai samAjavAda meM tumhArI ? / sabase Age maiM samAja bAda meM !" (pR. 461)
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________________ : mUkamATI-mImAMsA 290 :: m kavi milate-julate zabdoM kA upayoga karatA huA hameM upadiSTa karatA hai : " aparAdhI nahIM bano / aparA 'dhI' bano, 'parAdhI' nahIM / parAdhIna nahIM / parantu / aparAdhIna bano !" (pR. 477 ) "hama to aparAdhI haiM / cAhate aparA 'dhI' haiN|" (pR. 474 ) kavivara zrI vidyAsAgarajI zabda - vinoda meM hI nipuNa nahIM haiM, balki unakI aMka krIr3A evaM tatsambandhI jJAna bhI spRhaNIya hai / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke mUla pAtra 'kumbha' para aMkita katipaya bIjAkSaroM evaM vAkyoM ke atirikta kucha saMkhyAe~ bhI aMkita haiM : isI prakAra : ina saMkhyAoM ke sambandha meM jo vizeSa rocaka evaM jJAtavya bAta hai vaha yaha ki inheM eka se nau taka kI kisI bhI saMkhyA se guNA kareM, Ae guNanaphala kI saMkhyAoM kA eka ikAI taka jor3ate jAne para antataH 9 hI hotA hai, yathA : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. " 99 aura 9 kI saMkhyA / jo kumbha ke karNa-sthAna para AbharaNa-sI lagatI aMkita haiM / apanA-apanA paricaya de rahI haiN|" (pR. 166 ) "99x2=198, 1+9+8=18, 1+8=9 99x3=297, 2+9+7=18, 1+8=9 / " (pR. 166) "9x2 =18, 1+8=9 9x3=27, 2+7 =9 / " (pR. 166) antata:, hama kavivara AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI kucha anya cuTIlI uktiyoM ko prastuta karanA cAheMge, jinakA artha upayogI aura raMjaka bhI hai, yathA : " zava meM Aga lagAnA hogA, / aura / ziva meM rAga jagAnA hogA / " (pR. 84) " jala meM janama lekara bhI / jalatI rahI yaha machalI / " (pR. 85) 66 'kama balavAle hI / kambalavAle hote haiM / " (pR. 92 ) 44 "lalAma cAma vAle / vAma - cAla vAle hote haiN|" (pR. 101) " kartavya ke kSetra meM / kara prAya: kAyara banatA hai / aura kara mA~gatA hai kara/ vaha bhI khula kara !" (pR. 114) 6. "jIvana kA, na yApana hI / nayApana hai / aura / naiyApana !" (pR. 381 ) 7. "prakRti meM vAsanA kA vAsa nA hai / " (pR. 393) jaisA ki pahale bhI kahA gayA hai, mahAn kAvya grantha 'mUkamATI' ke samasta camatkArI zabda prayogoM ko yahA~ nahIM liyA jA sakatA / kintu, jitane sthaloM para dRSTi kendrita kI gaI hai utane se kavi ke zabda jJAna evaM prayoga naipuNya para yatheccha prakAza par3atA hai, aisI AzA hai / ityalam ! U
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : apanI hI zailI kA eka nayA mahAkAvya ___DaoN. veda prakAza dvivedI jaina santa vidyAsAgara kI kavitA racanA 'mUkamATI' apanI hI zailI kA eka nayA mahAkAvya hai / mahAkAvya isalie nahIM ki yaha vizAlakAya hai, mahAkAvya isa artha meM bhI nahIM ki isameM kisI itihAsa gAthA yA purANa gAthA ke sthAna para kucha upakathAe~ yA kalpanA-kathAe~ jor3a kara svayaM ko eka vizAlakAya prabandha kAvya ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA / saca to yaha hai ki paramparAgata dRSTi se samIkSaka loga jise mahAkAvya kahate rahe haiM, vaha to yaha hai hI nahIM, kyoMki prabandha kathA ke abhAva meM yahA~ sargoM yA parvo ke vibhAjana kI koI sambhAvanA hI nahIM hai| eka sunizcita dArzanika athavA AcArya dRSTi se anuzAsita gati hone se isameM varNya-vastu kI bahuta vividhatA bhI nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM Rtu saundarya aura rasa yojanAe~ jaisI bAteM to koI tuka hI nahIM rakhatI haiN| 'sAketa' athavA 'kAmAyanI' kI koTi meM bhI 'mUkamATI' ko nahIM khapAyA jA sakatA / antara bahuta spaSTa hai| una donoM mahAkAvyoM meM atIta kathAoM ke Aloka meM vartamAna ko bhAsvaratA dene kA prayatna hai| 'mUkamATI' meM aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai| isa kAvya kI kathAvastu-vidhAna kI dRSTi se kalpanAprasUta hai, anubhava kI dRSTi se jIvana kI dharatI se ugI hai, mUlyoM kI dRSTi se Arhat dharma ke mAnavIya mUlyoM ke sandezasUtra pakar3a kara calatI hai| kula milAkara Adi se anta taka yaha vikAsamAna kathAvastu hai / isIlie maiMne 'mUkamATI' ko apanI zailI ke eka alaga hI mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM samajhA hai / isakI mahattA kAya vistAra meM nahIM hai, Atma-vistAra meM hai| apAyoM se mukta cetanA ke udAttIkaraNa meM hai| dharma aura AcAra mUlata: mAnava jIvana kI pariSkRti aura saMskAra ke lie hI haiN| svabhAvata: jo bhI kAvya racanA jIvana ko kendra meM lekara ke calegI, usameM jIvana kA pariSkAra karane vAlI, usameM pazu-sAmAnya dharAtala se Upara uThAne vAlI naitikatAvAdI dRSTi avazya hI anusyUta rahatI hai / kabhI-kabhI dArzanika aura santa koTi ke kavijana nizcayapUrvaka kisI vizeSa AcAra-saMhitA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kAvya racanA karate haiN| aisI racanAoM meM kavitA mukta aura nirbandha hokara nahIM cala pAtI hai / vaha eka sunizcita vicAra-dRSTi kI saMvAhaka bhara banI rahatI hai| Upara jo kucha kahA gayA hai, usakA uddezya yaha spaSTa kara denA hai ki 'mUkamATI' jaise mahAkAvyoM para koI samIkSA, TippaNI karate samaya na to purAne kAvyazAstrIya mApadaNDa hI lAgU kie jAe~ aura na hI ekataraphA DhaMga se naI samIkSA ke koI sthira siddhAnta hI parakha ke lie paryApta kahe jA sakate haiN| aisI kAvya-racanA kI samIkSA ke lie kavi kI svayaM kI dRSTi hI sarvopari dizA-saMketaka ho sakatI hai| ___ 'mUkamATI' ke kavi ne sAhitya zabda ko lekara apanI racanA meM jo Apta dhAraNA prastuta kI hai, vaha eka kAragara sUtra hai jisake sahAre 'mUkamATI' kA acchA mUlyAMkana kiyA jA sakatA hai / kavi kI dhAraNA hai : "hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai aura/sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai,/artha yaha huA ki jisa ke avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava-sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai/anyathA,/surabhi se virahita-puSpa-sama sukha kA rAhitya hai vaha/sAra-zUnya zabda-jhuNDa'!" (pR. 111) tAtparya yaha hai ki jo hita sAdhanA nahIM karatA, vaha sAhitya nahIM hai arthAt vaha kavitA nahIM hai / jo mATI ko chAna
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________________ 292 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA phaTaka, jala siMcita kara, kA~Te-kaMkar3a ke apAya dUra kara upayogI aura upakArI kumbha meM nahIM DhAla detA, vaha kumbhakAra nahIM hai / dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to zabdoM kI mATI ko jo racanAkAra isa zakla meM nahIM lA pAtA, vaha kavitA kA kumbhakAra nahIM, sAhitya kA kumbhakAra nahIM aura usakI racanA kavitA nhiiN| 'mUkamATI' kAvya meM vAstavikatA yaha hai ki kavi aura dArzanika ke bIca eka satarka saMvAda calatA hai| kabhI kavi kA svara Upara uThatA hai to kabhI dArzanika kA svara 'hAvI' ho jAtA hai / saMvAda Arambha hote hI donoM hI svara mATI aura dharatI ke saMvAdoM ke sAtha mukharita ho uThate ___ bhAratIya AcAryoM ne sAnubandha kathA ko khaNDa aura prabandha do rUpoM meM dekhA hai| prabandha ke lie Adyanta kathApravAha Avazyaka hai| mammaTa, vizvanAtha Adi ne sargabaddha kathA, uccakulodbhava nAyaka, dharmArtha Adi puruSArtha-catuSTaya, vijaya yAtrA, nagara, samudra, parvata, Rtu varNana ityAdi laukika viSaya evaM vastuoM kA varNana mahAkAvya ke lie anivArya batAyA hai / pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne usameM prakathana kI pradhAnatA, sarvatra eka hI chanda kA prayoga, kathA meM Arambha-madhyaavasAna kA samAnupAtika prayoga, vibhinna mAnavIya sthitiyoM kA citrAMkana mahattvapUrNa mAnA hai / mUkamATI' meM kathAtantu atyanta virala, sUkSma hai / moTe taura para yaha kAvya cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai- 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha'; 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM'; 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' va 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha / ' isa prakAra kumbhakAra dvArA mATI kA cayana, kudAlI se khodanA, miTTI Anayana, kaMkar3oM ko alaga karanA, kUpa se jala ko nikAla kara miTTI phulAnA, pairoM se use rauMdanA, cakra para car3hAkara miTTI ko ghaTa kA AkAra denA evaM ghar3e ke andara sahArA dekara Thoka-pITakara use vistAra denA, usameM aneka manonukUla citroM kA aMkana, dhUpa meM sukhAnA, avA ke andara agni DAlakara use maMgala ghaTa meM parivartita karanA Adi isakI mukhya AdhikArika kathA hai / prAsaMgika ghaTanAoM ke rUpa meM saritA taTa kI mATI kI vyathA-kathA, AkAza se muktA varSaNa, rAjA dvArA use prApta karane kA prayAsa tathA viphalatA, svarNa kalaza evaM aneka AtaMkavAdiyoM ke prayatna mukhya haiN| isa prakAra 'mUkamATI' kI kathA na to aitihAsika hai aura na prakhyAta, yaha to tattvAnveSI jaina santa kI urvara kalpanA evaM praur3ha pratibhA kA nidarzana hai| kathA kA uddezya miTTI se maMgala ghaTa kA nirmANa hai, jisameM pUrita amRta-sama jala kA saMrakSaNa, guru-pAda-padmoM kA prakSAlana mukhya hai / isa prakAra eka sAmAnya-sI kathA ko bahuAyAmI rUpa meM parivartita karanA tathA bahujana hitAya, loka hitAya yA dIna-hIna vastu meM zreSTha tattvoM kI khoja evaM rUpAntaraNa sAdhAraNa kavi ke sAmarthya se pare hai| nizcita hI lagha meM virATa. aNa meM mahata kA darzana sthitaprajJa yogIjana kA hI kArya hai, jo yahA~ dikhAI detA hai| yahA~ yaha nirNaya karanA ati Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai ki Alocya 'makamATI' kAvya kA kAvya rUpa kyA hai ? kyA yaha mAtra prabandha kAvya hai ? athavA kyA ise hama mahAkAvyAtmaka garimA se abhihita kara sakate haiM ? isa samasyA ke mUla meM yaha bAta prathama dRSTyA uTha khar3I hotI hai ki mUla AdhikArika ghaTanA mahAkAvyAtmaka garimA se zUnya hai / ghaTanA-vyApAra zithila tathA pravAhamayatA vicchinna hai / yahA~ mUla abhidheya artha ke sAtha dUsarI kathA pravAhita nahIM pratIta ho rahI hai ? isakA uttara svIkArAtmaka rUpa meM hai ki mUla AdhikArika kathA ke samAnAntara upamAna kathA pravAhita hai, jisameM Arhat darzana ke anusAra jIva kI pAralaukika yA AdhyAtmika sAdhanA yAtrA kA savistAra varNana hai| isa kathA meM guru, ziSya, mAyA, sAdhanA mArga kI svIkRti, saMsAra se du:khoM kI Atyantika nivRtti, doSoM kA parimArjana, sAdhanA kI agni meM jIvAtmA kA pariSkAra evaM AtmA kA sarvathA nUtana rUpa meM AvirbhAva kI ghaTanAe~ pramukha haiN| isa prakAra yadi kumbhakAra ke prayAsa kI kathA upameya kathA hai to guru dvArA ziSya ko Atma sAkSAtkAra karAne kI kathA upamAna kathA hai / ata: vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM upameya kI kathA ke sAtha upamAna kathA kA saMyojana samAsokti kAvya hai aura aprastuta ke
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 293 mAdhyama se prastuta kI abhivyakti anyokti hai / hameM prAcIna zAstrIya mApadaNDoM se pUchanA par3egA ki isa Aloka meM 'mUkamATI' kisa zreNI meM hai ? ____ yadi hama 'mUkamATI' kI svarNima-pariNati kI kathA ko upameya kathA mAna leMge to yaha prazna upasthita hogA ki abhidhA pradhAna yaha kathA kAvya kI garimA se hIna siddha hogI aura na hI isameM zAstrokta mahAkAvyoM ke bAhya lakSaNa dikhAI deMge / yadi isameM ullikhita kAyA-rUpAntaraNa kI kathA ko pramukha mAnakara upameya kathA kI vyaMjanA mAneMge to bhI AdhyAtmikatA ke viruddha kathA meM doSa pratIta hoNge| merI dRSTi meM yaha eka rUpaka-kAvya hai, jisakA saMkSipta vizleSaNa isa prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| sAhitya meM rUpaka zabda anekArthI hai / rUpaka alaMkAra vaha hai jisameM dharma, guNa Adi kI samAnatA ke kAraNa prastuta meM aprastuta kA Aropa hotA hai / daNDI ne upamAna-upameya ke bheda kA tirobhAva ho jAne para rUpaka alaMkAra mAnA hai (kAvyAdarza, 2/14,66) / vAmana ke anusAra upamAna ke sAtha upameya ke guNoM kA sAmya hone para abheda kA Aropa rUpaka alaMkAra hai (kAvyAlaMkAra sUtravRtti, 4/3-6) / mammaTa ke anusAra upameya upamAna kA abheda hI rUpaka alaMkAra hai / aMgrejI ke elIgarI kA hindI anuvAda rUpaka kAvya hai / isameM kathA do arthoM ko lekara calatI hai- eka kathA itivRttAtmakatA ke kAraNa satahI aura pratyakSa hotI hai, to dUsarI kathA jIvana ke asAmAnya tattva se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa gUr3ha aura apratyakSa hotI hai / aMgrejI ke prasiddha samAlocaka ebara kaoNmbI ke anusAra : "elIgarI kAvya mahAkAvya na hokara usakI-sI vizeSatAe~ lekara likhA jAtA hai / pAtra pUrNatayA nirjIva evaM amUrta bhAvoM ke pratIka hote haiN| usameM sarvatra eka AdhyAtmika tattva kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai" (di aipika, pR. 52) / isa prakAra 'mUkamATI' pratIka kAvya hai / isameM kucha pAtroM ke atirikta mAnavetara prANI yA jar3a padArtha pAtra rUpa meM avatarita haiM, jo puruSoM jaisI bhASA meM bAtacIta, upadeza karate dikhAI dete haiM aura isakA uddezya dhArmika, naitika athavA AdhyAtmika tattvoM kA nirUpaNa mAtra hai / hindI meM jAyasIkRta padamAvata' tathA prasAda kI 'kAmAyanI' isI prakAra ke kAvya haiN| jaina kavi vidyAsAgara ne isa kAvya meM samasyAoM ko jisa rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai, vaha zailI upadezAtmaka avazya hai kintu isakA zilpa-vidhAna camatkArika, AzcaryapUrNa aura sAmarthya se bharA hai| kavi ne mAyAvI, chadmarUpa dhAraNa karane vAlI prAcIna samasyAoM ko vAstavika rUpa meM pahacAna kara unakA samAdhAna AcAra AdhArita yA vyAvahArika rUpa meM diyA hai / isa prakAra guru hI kumhAra hai, sarjaka hai, dizA-nirdezaka hai / jar3a jaMjAla meM ba~dhe ziSya kI Atma cetanA hI mUkamATI hai / guru tattvavedhaka dRSTi se miTTI kA cayana kara ziSya kI Atma cetanA kA pariSkAra karatA hai| vaha antazcakSaoM ko udaghATita kara use amatra sakhAkAMkSI banAtA hai| prema upadeza, tattva-cintana kA jala siMcita kara miTTI ko Ardra, namra aura Atma-sAkSAtkArI banAtA hai| indriya saMyama, tapa, aparigraha yukta sAdhanA ke cakra meM car3hAkara use ghaTAkAra detA hai tathA parIkSA kI kasauTI hetu use jJAnAgni meM tapAkara aise maMgala ghaTa ke rUpa meM upasthita karatA hai, jisameM hI prabhu bhakti kA rasAyana surakSita raha sakatA hai / mUla rUpa meM yaha kathA manorama, spRhaNIya aura camatkArapUrNa hai, vahIM dUsarI ora kathA-pravAha meM mArmika sthaloM kI pahacAna kara usakA varNana Aroha-avarohayukta hai / mUla ghaTanA ke sAtha lekhaka ne jisa kAvyAtmaka garimA kA paricaya diyA hai usameM bhAva, rasa tathA prakRti citraNa kA vizeSa yogadAna hai| prakRti citraNa : kavi ne 'mUkamATI' meM prAkRtika-aprAkRtika tattvoM kA nirUpaNa prakRti ke pariprekSya meM kiyA hai / jIva, ajIva, Asava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA tathA mokSa jaise dArzanika tattvoM kA nirUpaNa, jahA~ eka ora prakRti ke svarUpa nirUpaNa ke rUpa meM kiyA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora kAvyazAstrIya granthoM meM ullikhita Alambana, uddIpana, upadezAtmikA, rahasyamayI sattA kA saMketa tathA usake komala, saMzliSTa aura kaThora rUpoM kA bhI citrAMkana kiyA hai|
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________________ 294 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kucha udAharaNa draSTavya haiM : 0 "lajjA ke bUMghaTa meM/DUbatI-sI kumudinI/prabhAkara ke kara-chuvana se bacanA cAhatI hai vaha;/apanI parAga ko-/sarAga-mudrA ko pA~khuriyoM kI oTa detI hai|" (pR. 2) 0 "prabhAta kaI dekhe/kintu/Aja-jaisA prabhAta/vigata meM nahIM milA aura/prabhAta Aja kA/kAlI rAtri kI pITha para/halakI lAla syAhI se kucha likhatA-sA hai, ki/yaha antima rAta hai|" (pR. 18-19) "dinakara ne apanI aMganA ko/dina-bhara ke lie bhejA hai upAzrama kI sevA meM, aura vaha/Azrama ke aMga-aMga ko A~gana ko cUmatI-sI"/sevAnirata-dhUpa"!" (pR. 79) "lacakatI latikA kI mRdutA/pakva phaloM kI madhutA/kidhara gaIM saba ye ? vaha manda sugandha pavana kA bahAva,/ halakA-sA jhoMkA vaha phala-dala dolAyana kahA~ ?/phUloM kI muskAna, pala-pala patroM kI karatala-tAliyA~/zruti-madhura-zrAvya madhUpajIvI ali-dala guMjana kahA~ ?" (pR. 179) prakRti ke komala rUpa ke sAtha kavi ne usake kaThora rUpa ko bhI aMkita kiyA hai : "kabhI karAla kAlA rAhU/prabhA-puMja bhAnu ko bhI pUrA nigalatA huA dikhA,/kabhI-kabhAra bhAnu bhI vaha anala ugalatA huA dikhA |/jis ugalana meM/per3a-paudhe parvata-pASANa pUrA nikhila pAtAla tala taka/pighalatA galatA huA dikhaa|" (pR. 182) . kavi ne prakRti ke kriyAtmaka rUpa kA atyanta hRdayAvarjaka varNana kiyA hai| udAharaNa draSTavya hai : "rati-pati-pratikUlA-mativAlI/pati-mati-anukUlA gativAlI isase pichalI, bicalI badalI ne/palAza kI ha~sI-sI sAr3I pahanI gulAba kI AbhA phIkI par3atI jisase/lAla pagatalI vAlI lAlI-racI padminI kI zobhA sakucAtI hai jisase,/isa badalI kI sAr3I kI AbhA vaha jahA~-jahA~ gaI calI/phisalI-phisalI, badalI vahA~ kI AbhA bhii|" (pR. 199-200) rasa vivecana : vibhAva, anubhAva, saMcArI-bhAva se puSTa rasa kI abhivyakti koI bhAvanAvAn kavi hI kara sakatA hai| sAdhAraNatayA kathA pradhAna kAvyoM meM kathA-pravAha ke kAraNa rasoM kI abhivyakti svataH hotI calatI hai / jabaki muktaka kaviyoM ko isakI saMhati meM prayAsa karanA par3atA hai| jaina sAdhaka vidyAsAgara mahArAja tattvadraSTA aura dArzanika haiM / ata: unake kAvya meM darzana tattva kI pramukhatA hai / pariNAmasvarUpa rasa tattva utane prAMjala rasamagna karane kI sAmarthya se apekSAkRta hIna sthiti meM prakaTa hue haiN| jAhira hai kavi ke Upara dArzanika rUpa prabala hotA dikhAI detA hai, phira bhI yatra-tatra bhAva evaM rasoM kA saphala sanniveza 'mUkamATI' kAvya meM huA hai / kumbhakAra kI kathA meM yadi zAnta rasa pramukha
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 295 sthAna le baiThA hai to ziSya-sAdhanA kI aprastuta kathA meM karmavIra dUsaroM se Age nikala gayA hai| niSkarSa rUpa meM karma (sAdhanA) vIra rasa aMgIrasa ke rUpa meM ubhara kara AyA hai| vaise unake kAvya meM rasa sambandhI mAnyatAe~ kucha nae hI rUpa meM prakaTa huI haiN| kucha udAharaNa dekhie, jahA~ rasa kI upayogitA aura usake mahattva kA mUlyAMkana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai: "vIra-rasa ke sevana karane se/turanta mAnava-khUna khUba ubalane lagatA hai/kAbU meM AtA nahIM vaha dUsaroM ko zAnta karanA to dUra,/zAnta mAhaula bhI khaulane lagatA hai jvaalaamukhii-sm|" (pR. 131) vIra rasa kA upahAsa karatA huA hAsya rasa ThahAkA lagAtA hai / kavi kahatA hai ki 'kheda bhAva ke vinAza hetu hAsya kA rAga bhale hI Avazyaka ho, kintu veda-bhAva ke vikAsa hetu hAsya kA tyAga anivArya hai kyoMki vaha bhI kaSAya hai' (pR. 133) / hAsya ne karavaTa badala kara raudra rasa ko Amantrita kiyA / sahRdaya kavi ne usake sAttvika evaM kAyika manobhAvoM ko rasa zAstra se anumodita rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai : "ghaTita ghaTanA vidita huI use/citta kSubhita huA usakA pitta kupita huA/bhRkuTiyA~ Ter3hI tana gaIM/A~kha kI putaliyA~ lAla-lAla tejAbI bana giiN|" (pR. 134) isI prakAra vismaya rasa kA zAstrIya rUpa abhivyakta huA hai| kAyika anubhAvoM kI eka chaTA draSTavya hai : "isa adbhuta ghaTanA se/vismaya ko bahuta vismaya ho AyA / usake vizAla bhAla meM/Upara kI ora uThatI huI laharadAra vismaya kI rekhAe~ ubharoM/kucha paloM taka vismaya kI palakeM apalaka raha gaIM !/usa kI vANI mUka ho AI/aura bhUkha manda ho aaii|" (pR. 138) bhakti aura zAnta rasa kahIM upadeza rUpa meM to kahIM rasazAstrIya rUpa meM abhivyakta huA hai / kumbha kalaza kI upayogitA tathA guru ke svAgata ke uparAnta seTha ke hRdaya meM AzIrvacana sunakara jisa bhakti kA prAdurbhAva huA hai, usameM azru, zoka, glAni, viSAda rUpa saMcArI bhAvoM kA saphala sanniveza hai| udAharaNa draSTavya hai : "locana sajala ho gaye/patha ojhala-sA ho gayA pada bojhila se ho gaye/rokA, para/ruka na sakA rudana, phUTa-phUTa kara rone lagA/puNya-prada pUjya-padoM meM loTapoTa hone lgaa|" (pR. 346) lekha vistAra bhaya se niSkarSa rUpa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki dArzanika tattva ke prAdhAnya hone para bhI lekhaka ne sabhI rasoM kA svarUpa, usase adhika bhAvoM kA varNana, bhAva sabalatA, bhAva sandhi evaM bhAvAbhAsa kA jisa prakAra varNana kiyA hai, yadyapi vaha rasa-dazA ko nahIM pahu~ca sake, phira bhI pAThakoM kI citta vRtti vistAra meM pUrNa sakSama hue haiN| Upara 'mUkamATI' kI kAvyAnubhUti para vihaMgama dRSTipAta kiyA gayA hai / yaha dekhA gayA hai ki isameM dArzanika
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________________ 296 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA cintana aura upadezoM kI bahulatA hai| ye upadeza kahIM nadI, kahIM dharitrI to kahIM agni, kumbhakAra, kumbha, avA~, zrIphala, ghaTa, macchara, matkuNa, jhArI, kalaza, kahIM sAdhu ke rUpa meM varNita haiM / 'mUkamATI' kI saMvAda yojanA atyanta camatkArika, prabhaviSNu hai / usake saMvAda gatyAtmaka, laghu-dIrgha, darzana aura alaMkAra vakratA se hI nahIM, apitu Aja ke cAkacakya jIvana para kaTu satya evaM yathArthapUrNa vyaMgyokti bhI karate haiM / aise anubhUti pakSa ke sAtha abhivyakti pakSa kA Akalana atyAvazyaka hai kyoMki bhAva yA vicAroM kA saMvahana abhivyakti pakSa se hI hotA hai, jisameM bhASA pramukha hai| bhAva yadi sAdhya haiM to bhASA sAdhana hai| 'mUkamATI' meM prayukta bhASA meM urdU, phArasI tathA yatra-tatra tadbhava zabdoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai| 'mUkamATI' kA vaiziSTya bhASA kI dRSTi se apratima hai / isameM zatAdhika aise zabdoM kA prayoga hai jinakA yatkiMcit parivartana karake yA varNa - vyatyaya rUpa meM prayukta kara lekhaka ne artha cArutA, vakratA kA sAbhiprAya upayoga kiyA hai / kucha udAharaNa draSTavya haiM : O O O O isa taraha kI manovRtti sabhaMga zleSa, sabhaMga yamaka yA yamakAbhAsa ke antargata AtI hai, jo zabdAlaMkAra ke pramukha bheda haiN| kucha udAharaNa anuprAsa ke bhI draSTavya haiM : O "tuma meM pAyasa nA hai / tumhArA pAya sanA hai / " (pR. 364) "mara, hama 'marahama' baneM..!" (pR. 175 ) 66 "maiM do galA" /... 'maiM' yAnI ahaM ko do galA - kara do samApta / " (pR. 175 ) 66 O 'nArI' / yAnI - / 'na ari' nArI / athavA ye ArI nahIM haiM / so nArI!" (pR. 202 ) 66 'ku' yAnI pRthivI / 'mA' yAnI lakSmI / aura 'rI' yAnI denevAlI |" (pR. 204) 0 ... arthAlaMkAroM meM upamA, rUpaka, pratIpa, vyatireka, utprekSA kA bahula prayoga huA hai / arthAlaMkAroM kA prayoga svAbhAvika rUpa meM hI huA hai, jaba ki zabdAlaMkAroM ke prayoga meM kavi ko AyAsa karanA par3A hai : upamA : O " jala meM janama lekara bhI / jalatI rahI yaha machalI jala se, jalacara jantuoM se / " (pR. 85) "cA~da kI camakatI cA~danI bhI citta se calI gaI uchalI-sI kahIM / " (pR. 85) " bhavana - bhUta-bhaviSya - vettA / bhagavad-bodha meM barAbara bhAsvata hai / " (pR. 116) "svAbhimAnI svarAjya - premI / lohita - locana udbhaTa - sama yA / tapta lauha- piNDa para / ghana- prahAra se, caTa-caTa chUTate sphuliMga anucaTana - sama / " (pR.243) " dRr3hamanA zramaNa - sama sakSama / kArya karane kaTibaddha ho / " (pR. 243 ) " zAnta mAhaula bhI khaulane lagatA hai / jvAlAmukhI - sama / " (pR. 131 )
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 297 rUpaka : 0 "maMgalamaya caraNa-kamaloM meM/mastaka dharate, karate nmn|" (pR. 242) 0 "kulAla-cakra yaha, vaha sAna hai/jisa para jIvana car3hakara anupama pahaluoM se nikhara AtA hai|" (pR. 162) "'zaraNa, caraNa haiM Apake,/tAraNa-taraNa jahAja, bhava-dadhi taTa taka le calo/karuNAkara gururAz2a'!" (pR. 325) utprekSA: "oloM ko kucha pIr3A na ho,/yU~ vicAra kara hI mAno unheM mastaka para lekara/ur3a rahe haiM bhU-kaNa!" (pR. 251) pratIpa: "palAza kI chavi ko harate/avirati-bhIru avatarita hue rajata ke thAla para/pAtra ke yugala pAda-tala !" (pR. 324) 'mUkamATI' ke zailpika-vaiziSTya para dRSTipAta karate hI hamArA dhyAna kavi-prayukta bimboM kI ora sahaja hI calA jAtA hai / kavi ne vastuoM ko aise rUpa se prastuta kiyA hai ki unakA cAkSuSa pratyakSIkaraNa bar3I saralatA se ho jAtA hai| kavi ne sahaja, sarala, saMzliSTa, vivRtta, alaMkRta, gatyAtmaka, vyApArapradhAna bimboM kA prayoga kiyA hai / bimbavidhAna kI dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' kA anuzaMsana svatantra lekha kA viSaya ho sakatA hai / yahA~ kucha udAharaNa hI paryApta hoMge: 0 "vismita locana vAlI/sasmita adharoM vAlI vaha/ina locanoM taka kucha mAdakatA, kucha svAdakatA/sarapaTa sarakAtI rahatI haiN|" (pR. 101) "mATI kI gaharAI meM/DUbate haiM zilpI ke pada AjAnu ! puruSa kI puSTa piNDariyoM se/lipaTatI huI prakRti, mATI sugandha kI pyAsI banI/candana taru-lipaTI nAgina-sI..!" (pR. 130) "ASAr3hI ghanI garajatI/bhItidA megha ghaTAoM-sI kajjala-kAlI dhUma kI goliyA~ /avikala ugalane lagA avaa|" (pR. 278) "prAcI kI goda se uchalA/phira/astAcala kI ora DhalA prakAza-puMja prabhAkara-sama/AgAmI andhakAra se bhayabhIta ghara kI ora jA rahA setth"|" (pR. 351) niSkarSa yaha hai ki 'mUkamATI' AcArya kavi kI jaina sAdhanA kA supariNAma hai / kavi ne mUka, nirIha, padadalita mATI kI vyathA-kathA ko sahRdayatA se suna kara usakI pariNati maMgala ghaTa ke rUpa meM kI hai| bhAva pakSa kI apekSA isakA kalA pakSa adhika praur3ha hai| zabdoM ko udaMkita kara unheM naI arthavattA pradAna kI gaI hai| hesh pR. 41 "parasaropayo jIvAnAm... jIvanaciraMjIvanAA saMjIvana / / / - ciraMjIva
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________________ 'mUkamATI' kA zailIya vaiziSTya DaoN. bhagavAna dIna mizra maiMne gA~va kI gandha ko gahare taka anubhava kiyA hai| maiMne kumhAra kI ve sArI prakriyAe~ dhyAna se dekhI haiM jo ghar3A banAte samaya apanAI jAtI haiM- mATI kI chAtI meM darAtI ke prahAra, lakar3I ke hathaur3e se mATI ko kaNa-kaNa karanA, channI lagAkara kaMkar3a chAnanA, tadanantara pAnI se use rasasikta karanA, pairoM tale rauMdanA, cAka meM rakhakara usase manacAhA pAtra banAnA, halkA sUkhane para phira capaTe DaNDe se ThokanA - pITanA, kar3I dhUpa meM sukhAnA, ra~ganA, dhadhakatI Aga meM pAtra ko pakAnA / isa prakriyA ko maiM apane alhar3a chAtroM ko rUpaka / upamA ke dvArA samajhAtA A rahA hU~ aura batAtA rahA hU~ ki bAjAra meM TanaTanAte ghar3e ke rUpa meM grAhya banane ke lie una sAre dardoM ko jhelanA par3atA hai jo ghar3A jhelatA hai / adhapake yAnI 'sevare' ghar3e ke kharIdadAra nahIM hote| vaha TikAU nahIM hotaa| mere darjanoM sevare ghar3e isa upamA se muskarAte rahe haiM, bicalita bhI hue haiN| 'mUkamATI' kAvya meM Upara kI samasta tathA anya prakriyAe~ varNita haiM lekina kavivara AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara ne ise eka nayA AyAma diyA hai| yaha AyAma hai AdhyAtmikatA kA, sadAcaraNa kA / ghaTa aura AkAza kI upamAe~ jIva evaM Izvara ke rUpa meM pahale bhI dI gaI haiN| kabIra ne bhI kaI bAra ullekha kie haiM kintu mATI kI vikAsa yAtrA meM kAvya ke sAtha eka darzana ko gU~thanA, vaha bhI vRhadAkAra rUpa meM, merI yAdadAsta meM pahale nahIM huA / isa sandarbha meM isa kAvya-kRti kA mahattva bahuta bar3ha jAtA hai / yaha kAvya sUraja ke jAgaraNa se zurU hotA hai| nadI taTa kI mATI saMlApa karatI hai, dharatI uttara detI hai, sarit - pravAha kA citraNa hotA hai| kumhAra miTTI khodane AtA hai, khudI huI miTTI ko gadhe kI pITha para lAdakara le jAtA hai, kaMkar3a bIne-chAne jAte haiM, pAnI ko kue~ se khIMcA jAtA hai, miTTI ko gIlA kiyA jAtA hai aura ve tamAma prakriyAe~ apanAI jAtI haiM, jo Upara varNita haiN| AbhA se damakate miTTI ke ghar3e meM pAnI bharA jAtA hai; zramaNa ke Atithya meM usa ghar3e ke suvAsita jala se pA~va pakhAre jAte haiM; tRpti hotI hai vyakti kI, varga kI, samaSTi kii| isa kathAnaka ko mAnavIkRta rUpa kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ hara vastu bolatI hai, ghaTanAe~ sandeza detI haiM, paristhitiyoM se kavi dArzanika nirvacana (inTarpraTezana) karatA hai aura pAThaka para prabhAva par3atA hai mAnoM vaha saMvAda kara rahA hai| kRti meM kaNa-kaNa bolatA hai, ha~satA hai, rotA hai aura kavi kI kAvyakalA kA kamAla hai ki isI krama meM sabhI rasoM ke udreka kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| jaina muni ne zRMgAra kA bhI varNana kiyA hai lekina utanA hI zAlIna jitanA tulasI ne mAtRrUpA sItA kA kiyA thA (dekhie, pR. 128 - 132) / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki bhASA pravAha, zabda cayana, bhAva vivecana saba kucha sahI hone para bhI rasa paripAka apekSita tIvratA kA nahIM ho sakA / zAnta rasa kA pravAha prabalatama hai aura saphala bhI / 1 amUrta kA mUrtIkaraNa evaM jar3a kA mAnavIkaraNa eka udAtta bhAvabhUmi kI apekSA karatA hai / 'kAmAyanI' mahAkAvya meM manodazAoM ko mUrtimanta kiyA hai| pUrA kA pUrA chAyAvAda evaM rahasyavAda mUrtIkaraNa evaM mAnavIkaraNa kI prakriyA se otaprota hai / mahAdevI varmA ko hara kaNa meM vedanA dikhatI hai, panta ko prakRti kA hara bhAga sajaga lagatA hai aura nakSatroM ke pAra na jAne kauna 'mauna nimantraNa' detA hai / mahAprANa nirAlA ne to saba taraha kI kavitA likhI haiM / 'anAmikA' meM 'vijana vana vallarI' meM anurAga bharI so rahI kalI nAyikA kA varNana karake bhAva, bhASA evaM chanda meM krAnti lA dI thI / 'kAmAyanI' mahAkAvya manodazAoM ko AdhAra banAkara mAnava mana ko vyAkhyAyita karane kA saphala prayAsa hai| isake sarga 'cintA' se prArambha hokara 'Ananda' taka pahu~cate haiN| chAyAvAda kI utkRSTa kAvyakRti hai 'kAmAyanI' /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 299 'mUkamATI' meM cAra khaNDa haiM-1. 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha', .1-88; 2. 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM, pR. 89-187 ; 3. 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana', pR. 189-267 ; 4. agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha, pR. 269-488 / pahale khaNDa meM miTTI ke sahaja svarUpa, yAnI kaMkar3a rahita sthiti ko, pAne kA varNana hai| "isa prasaMga se/varNa kA Azaya/na raMga se hai/na hI aMga se varan/cAla-caraNa, DhaMga se hai / " (pR. 47) ___ dUsare khaNDa meM mATI ko rasasikta karake nayA svarUpa diyA jAtA hai aura yaha hai bhAva bodha kI eka naI sthiti / zabda yAnI dhvani samUha ko artha ke stara para samajhanA 'bodha' hai tathA use AcaraNa meM utAranA 'zodha' hai| "bodha meM AkulatA palatI hai/zodha meM nirAkulatA phalatI hai, phUla se nahIM, phala se/ tRpti kA anubhava hotA hai / " (pR.107) tIsare khaNDa meM manasA, vAcA, karmaNA loka kalyANa karanA hI jIvana kI sArthakatA hai, aisA spaSTa kiyA gayA hai cauthe khaNDa meM kumbhakAra ne ghaTa ko rUpAkAra diyA hai, aba use avA meM tapAkara zuddha karane kA prayAsa hai / isa khaNDa kA phalaka bahuta vistRta hai tathA usameM kaI kathAprasaMga guthe hue haiN| isI khaNDa meM sAdhu ko AhAra-dAna dene kA rocaka varNana hai / jaina samAja meM pracalita isa saMskAra kA varNana kAvya evaM darzana donoM hI dRSTiyoM se uttama hai| Upara ke varNana se spaSTa hotA hai ki mAnavIkaraNa kI dRSTi se yaha kAvya kRti chAyAvAdI paramparA meM AtI hai| bhASA Adhunika hindI hai aura zailI meM tatsamatA kA prAcurya hai| samAsoM kA prAcurya nahIM hai / chandoM meM paramparAgata chanda nahIM haiM balki kAvyapravAha, laya se otaprota mukta chanda hai / bimbAtmakatA isa kAvya kRti kI pramukha vizeSatA hai / sthAnasthAna para sundara kalpanAe~ haiM, citra haiM aura tadanurUpa bhASA hai| "prabhAta Aja kA/kAlI rAtri kI pITha para/halakI lAla syAhI se kucha likhatA-sA hai, ki/yaha antima rAta hai|" (pR.19) bIca-bIca meM kucha gIta bhI guthe hue haiN| isa kRti kI eka vizeSatA hai sUktiyoM kA vizAla bhaNDAra honA / jIvana, jagat, sukha, du:kha tathA anyAnya prakaraNoM para saikar3oM sUktiyA~ sthAna-sthAna para mileMgI, yathA : "manda-manda/sugandha pavana/baha rahA hai;/bahanA hI jIvana hai / " (pR.2) "duHkha kI vedanA meM/jaba nyUnatA AtI hai duHkha bhI sukha-sA lagatA hai|" (pR. 18) _ "bAyeM hiraNa/dAyeM jAya-/laMkA jIta/rAma ghara Aya / " (pR.25) "ati ke binA/iti se sAkSAtkAra sambhava nahIM/aura iti ke binA/atha kA darzana asambhava !/artha yaha huA ki pIr3A kI ati hI/pIr3A kI iti hai|" (pR.33)
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________________ 300 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA anya sUktiyA~ pR. 133, 135, 142, 159, 175, 184, 185, 302, 308 ityAdi para bhI dekhI jA sakatI haiM / kavi kI anya vizeSatAe~ loka vyutpatti, yamaka alaMkAra tathA anuprAsoM ke sajIva prayoga haiN| loka vyutpatti meM prAya: varNoM ke viloma prayoga se artha kI sRSTi kI gaI hai| kucha udAharaNa dekheM : D 0 yathA : " 'gada kA artha hai roga / hA kA artha hai hAraka maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA banU~ / basa, aura kucha vAMchA nahIM/gada - hA gadahA !" (pR. 40 ) "sva kI yAda hI / sva- dayA hai / viloma rUpa se bhI yahI artha nikalatA hai/yaad"dyaa"|" (pR.38 ) isI taraha hIrA (pR. 57), rAkha (pR. 57), kumbhakAra (pR. 28), rassI (pR. 62), AdamI (pR. 64), lAbha (pR. 87),kAyaratA (pR. 94), namana (pR. 97), nirmada (pR. 102), sAhitya (pR. 111), saMsAra (pR. 161), nadI evaM nAlI (pR. 178 evaM 448), rasanA (pR. 181), nArI (pR. 202), abalA (pR. 203), mahilA (pR. 202-203), duhitA (pR. 205 - 206), aMganA (pR. 207 ), dhIratA evaM kAyaratA (pR. 233), samatA (pR. 284), svapna (pR. 295), bartana (pR. 332), kalA (pR. 396), vaikharI / vaikhalI (pR. 403), lohA (pR. 413) haiM / muhAvaroM ke, lokottiyoM ke darjanoM rucikara prayoga hue haiN| isI taraha 'dhI' ke vicitra prayoga pR. 86, 474, 477 para dekheM tathA 'para' ke yamaka prayoga pR. 131, 115, 37 Adi meM bar3I sajIvatA se hue haiM / kaI sthaloM para saMkhyAoM kA guNana prastuta kiyA gayA hai / pR. 166-167 meM 9 saMkhyA isI prakAra hai| 'hI' evaM 'bhI' ke vyAkhyAyita prayoga pR. 172 - 173 meM haiN| 'lI' ke prayoga pR. 200 meM, 'ghana' ke prayoga pR. 227 meM, yathA evaM tathA ke prayoga pR. 245 meM tathatA - vitathatA ke prayoga pR. 288 meM, saragama (dhA, dhin, dhA... ) ke prayoga pR. 305-306 meM, 'pAyasa nA' evaM 'pAya sanA' ke prayoga 364 meM, za sa Sa ke prayoga pR. 398 para avalokanIya haiM / kavi kI bhASA meM pravAha hai, saMskRta niSThatA hai, kAvyatva hai / kintu kucha sthaloM meM cintya prayoga raha gae haiM, apanI parAga (pR. 2), taralA tArAyeM (pR. 2), mauna kA bhaMga hotA hai (pR. 6), roTI karar3I kyoM (pR. 11), pratikAra kI pAraNA (pR. 12), kalilatA AtI hai (pR. 13), nirAzatA (pR. 22), paratra (pR. 36), yazA (pR. 45), yatanA (pR. 57), ka~pa uTha hai (pR. 269), vo (pR. 126), liMga doSa (pR. 282) / nirjIva vastu 'mATI' ko kAvya kalevara meM, kathAvRtta meM sudRr3hatA se bA~dhakara vItarAgI sAdhu ne siddha kara diyA hai ki kavitA bhAvodreka se bahatI hai, dayA se upajatI hai / kula milAkara yaha kRti uttama evaM paThanIya hai| -
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________________ 'mUkamATI' kI mAnavIya saMvedanA DaoN. rAmanArAyaNa siMha 'madhura' tattva paraka, cintana-manana evaM darzana se otaprota 'mUkamATI' kA kathya mAnavIya saMvedanA se otaprota hai / AdhyAtmika u~cAiyoM ko sparza karatI huI yaha kAvya kRti mAnavIya jagat kI saMvedanAoM ko bhalIbhA~ti ujAgara karatI hai aura manuSya ko preraNA bhI pradAna karatI hai| kavitA vahI hai, jo prema evaM sadbhAvanA jAgrata kre| jo hita sahita hai, vahI sAhitya hai / kavi ke zabdoM meM : "zilpI ke zilpaka-sA~ce meM/sAhitya zabda DhalatA-sA ! 'hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai aura/sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai,/artha yaha huA ki jisa ke avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava-sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai/anyathA,/surabhi se virahita puSpa-sama sukha kA rAhitya hai vaha/sAra-zUnya zabda-jhuNDa' ...!" (pR. 110-111) nirarthaka zabdoM ke ADambara ko sAhitya nahIM kahA jA sakatA / sugandhita puSpoM kI taraha sArthaka zabdoM meM hI bhAva sampreSaNa kI kSamatA hotI hai| 'mUkamATI' kI vedanA kyA Aja ke sarva sAdhAraNa kI vedanA nahIM hai ? atyAcAra kI cakkI-tale pisatI, arthAbhAva evaM zoSaNa se karAhatI nirvastra, bhUkhI, cupacApa pIr3A sahatI Aja kI bhAratIya janatA kyA mUka mATI kI taraha apane manobhAvoM ko prakaTa kara jI-halkA karanA nahIM cAhatI ? mUka mATI chaTapaTAkara mA~ dharatI se kahatI hai : "svayaM patitA hU~/aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se, 'adhama pApiyoM se/pada-dalitA hU~ mA~ ! sukha-muktA hU~/duHkha-yuktA hU~/tiraskRta tyaktA hU~ mA~ !" (pR. 4) kuzAsana, avyavasthA, utpIr3ana se vyathita manuSya ke mana meM bhI to aisA hI hAhAkAra hai| mUkamATI kI mA~ dharatI cintana se use prabodhita karatI hai| yaha darzana kI mImAMsA hai| kintu apane deza kA nirIha prANI kucha kahanA bhI cAhatA hai to usakI kauna sunatA hai ? mA~ dharatI, mATI kI pIr3A samajhatI hai, para janatA kI pIr3A sattA kahA~ samajhatI hai ? ___mATI meM kaMkara Adi ke vikAra haiN| use yadi zubha maMgala ghaTa kA AkAra denA hai to kaMkara Adi ko nikAla svaccha jala se abhisikta kara gUMthanA hogA, tabhI zilpI kumbhakAra use cAka para car3hA kara maMgala ghaTa kA nirmANa kara sakegA / manuSya bhI to mATI kI taraha hai, jisake mana meM viSaya-vAsanAoM, durbhAvanAoM ke vibhinna kaMkara nivAsa karate haiN| binA prema-bhakti-jJAna ke jala se siMcita kie, mana ke vikAra kaise dUra hoMge aura usakI AtmA meM maMgala ghaTa kA zubha dIpa kaise prajvalita hogA ? zilpI kumbhakAra se milane ke lie mATI becaina hai, jaise sAdhaka becaina rahatA hai anta:karaNa ko zuddhakara priyatama prabhu ko pAne ke lie / isa sandarbha meM mA~ dharatI kA yaha kathana dhyAtavya hai : "prabhAta meM kumbhakAra AyegA/patita se pAvana banane,
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________________ 302 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA samarpaNa-bhAva-sameta/usake sukhada caraNoM meM/praNipAta karanA hai tumheM, ...usake upAzrama meM/usakI sevA-zilpa-kalA para avicala-citavana-/dRSTi-pAta karanA hai tumheM, apanI yAtrA kA/sUtra-pAta karanA hai tumheM !" (pR. 16-17) vyAkula pratIkSA ke bAda mATI kA sAkSAtkAra zilpI se hotA hai aura mATI ko vaha dhanya karatA huA use vibhinna rUpoM meM rUpAyita karatA hai : "vaha eka kuzala zilpI hai !/usakA zilpa/kaNa-kaNa ke rUpa meM bikharI mATI ko/nAnA rUpa pradAna karatA hai / " (pR. 27) yaha zilpI asAdhAraNa aura alaukika hai, kyoMki laukika zilpI ko to sarakAra ko Taiksa denA par3atA hai| lagatA hai, yahA~ kavi muni zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja kA isa ora bhI saMketa hai ki sarakAra ko zilpI se 'Taiksa' nahIM lenA caahie| zilpI, jo apane apratima kalA-zilpa se saMskRti kI rakSA karate hue samAja kI sevA muktabhAva se karatA hai, kintu use puraskAra ke bajAya kara cukAnA par3atA hai : "sarakAra usase/kara nahIM mA~gatI/kyoMki/isa zilpa ke kAraNa corI ke doSa se vaha/sadA mukta rahatA hai|/arth kA apavyaya to/bahuta dUra artha kA vyaya bhI/yaha zilpa karatA nahIM,/binA artha/zilpI ko yaha arthavAn banA detA hai;/yuga ke Adi se Aja taka/isane apanI saMskRti ko/vikRta nahIM banAyA/binA dAga hai yaha zilpa aura kuzala hai yaha shilpii|" (pR. 27-28) nizcaya hI yaha zilpI, jise yuga ke prArambha se hI 'kumbhakAra' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai, sAmAnya nahIM hai / para apane samAja ke sAmAnya zilpI yA kumbhakAra kI kalA ko bhI ucita sammAna milanA hI caahie| zilpI kumbhakAra mATI ko taiyAra karatA hai sAdhanA ke lie tathA use maMgalamaya rUpa dene ke lie| kudAlI se mATI ke mAthe para coTa kI jAtI hai, khudAI kI jAtI hai, para mATI rotI kyoM nahIM, kruddha kyoM nahIM hotI? yaha mATI to Atmazuddhi kI prakriyA ko samajhatI hai, isalie ufa nahIM krtii| sAdhAraNa manuSya to coTa khAkara Aga-babUlA ho uThatA hai, cItkAra karatA hai, para rAjasattA usakI AvAz2a ko dabA detI hai| kavi ne saMketa ke rUpa meM isa bhAva ko darzAyA hai : "mATI ke mukha para/krudhana kI sAja kyoM nahIM chAI ? kyA yaha/rAjasattA kA rAz2a to nahIM hai ?"(pR. 30) kabIra kI mATI cupa nahIM rahatI, pratikAra karatI hai : "mATI kahe kumhAra se, tU kyA rauMde mohi / ika dina aisA AyagA, maiM rauMdUMgI tohi // " kabIra bhI santa the aura muni zrI vidyAsAgarajI bhI santa haiN| kabIra bhI kavi the aura vidyAsAgarajI bhI kavi haiN| kabIra dIna-dukhI ke darda ko samajhate the aura vidyAsAgarajI bhI samajhate haiM, anyathA mATI kumbhakAra se aisA kyoM kahatI :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 303 "amIroM kI nahIM/garIboM kI bAta hai;/koThI kI nahIM kuTiyA kI bAta hai/jo varSA-kAla meM/thor3I-sI varSA meM/Tapa-Tapa karatI hai aura/isa TapakAva se/dharatI meM cheda par3ate haiM,/phira "to"/isa jIvana-bhara ronA hI ronA huA hai/dIna-hIna ina A~khoM se/dhArApravAha azru-dhArA baha/ina gAloM para par3I hai|" (pR. 32-33) mAnavIya cetanA kA eka aMza hai krunnaa| vedanA se utpanna hotI hai karuNA, jo mana ke vikAroM ko dhokara sAfa kara detI hai, nirmala kara detI hai| karuNA mana se mana ko jor3atI hai, eka-dUsare ke prati sahAnubhUti utpanna karatI hai / mAnava samAja ke lie karuNA zubha hai / vAsanA bhI mana kI upaja hai aura karuNA bhI / para donoM meM antara hai / kavi ke zabdoM meM : 0 "eka jIvana ko burI taraha/jalAtI hai bhayaMkara hai, aMgAra hai ! eka jIvana ko pUrI taraha/jilAtI hai"/zubhaMkara hai, zRMgAra hai|" (pR. 38) 0 "vAsanA kI jIvana-paridhi/acetana hai"tana hai dayA-karuNA niravadhi hai/karuNA kA kendra vaha saMvedana-dharmA'cetana hai/pIyUSa kA ketana hai / " (pR. 39) kavi-karma samaya-sApekSa hai / kavi vidyAsAgarajI mahAn santa haiM, cintaka haiM, dArzanika haiM aura adhyAtma hI unakA iSTa hai / para ve samAja kI sthiti ko nakAra kaise sakate haiN| santa yadi sAhitya meM pravRtta hai to samAja kI upekSA kaise kara sakatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki 'mUkamATI' kI darzana pradhAna kavitAoM meM bhI kucha aisI paMktiyA~ A hI jAtI haiM, jinase tatkAlIna samAja kI sthiti-visaMgati kA paricaya mila hI jAtA hai : "aba to/astroM, zastroM, vastroM/aura kRpANoM para bhI 'dayA-dharma kA mUla hai'/likhA milatA hai |/kintu,/kRpaann kRpAlu nahIM haiM ve svayaM kahate haiM/hama haiM kRpANa/hama meM kRpA na ! kahA~ taka kaheM aba !/dharma kA jhaNDA bhI/DaNDA bana jAtA hai zAstra zastra bana jAtA hai/avasara pAkara/aura/prabhu-stuti meM tatpara surIlI bA~surI bhI/bA~sa bana pITa sakatI hai/prabhu-patha para calanevAloM ko / samaya kI balihArI hai !" (pR. 73) 'samaya kI balihArI' kitanI vyaMgyAtmaka, para saTIka TippaNI hai / nizcaya hI kavi kI naz2ara se apanA bhAratIya samAja ojhala nahIM hai / dharma ke unmAdI kRpANa lekara cala rahe haiM aura raktapAta kara rahe haiN| itanA hI nahIM, kavi Age calakara kahatA hai : 0 "kyA isa samaya mAnavatA/pUrNata: marI hai ? kyA yahA~ para dAnavatA/A ubharI hai..?" (pR. 81) " "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam"/isa vyaktitva kA darzanasvAda - mahasUsa/ina A~khoM ko/sulabha nahIM rahA aba!
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________________ 304 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA yadi vaha sulabha bhI hai/to bhArata meM nahIM,/mahA-bhArata meM dekho ! bhArata meM darzana svAratha kA hotA hai / " (pR.82) / " "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam"/isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huAhai / 'vasu' yAnI dhana-dravya 'dhA' yAnI dhAraNa karanA/Aja/dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kaa|" (pR.82) Aja kI bhAratIya paramparA evaM samAja para kavi kA kitanA gaharA kaTAkSa hai| svArthIjana eka-dUsare kI cIraphAr3a meM lage haiM, uchAr3a-pachAr3a meM page haiM, galA evaM jeba kATane meM lage haiN| bhAI hI bhAI kA duzmana bana baiThA hai| jaba eka parivAra meM prema nahIM hai to vizva-prema kI bAta karanA kitanA bemAnI hai| puruSa aura prakRti kA saMyoga hI Ananda hai: "puruSa prakRti se/yadi dUra hogA/nizcita hI vaha vikRti kA pUra hogaa|" (pR. 93) mAnavIya mUlyoM kI bAta bhI kavi karatA hai : "dhana jIvana ke lie/yA jIvana dhana ke lie ?/mUlya kisakA tana kA yA vetana kA,/jar3a kA yA cetana kA ?" (pR. 180) jIvana kI sArthakatA cetana banane meM hai, jar3a banane meM nhiiN| tana, vetana, dhana Adi sabhI cetanAnanda ke lie haiN| cetana meM gati hai| gati hai to jIvana hai / artha kI A~khoM se paramArtha ko kaise dekhA jA sakatA hai ? "yaha kaTa-satya hai ki/artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatI, artha kI lipsA ne bar3oM-bar3oM ko/nirlajja banAyA hai|" (pR. 192) ina paMktiyoM meM kavi ne saMsAra ke yathArtha rUpa ko udghATita kiyA hai| corI, sInAjorI, anAcAra, vyabhicAra, bhraSTAcAra kevala artha ke pralobhana ke kAraNa hI to haiN| artha kA AkarSaNa acche-acche ko pada-dalita kara detA hai / mA~ kI mamatA kA atyanta divya citra kavi ne khIMcA hai : "apane hoM yA parAye,/bhUkhe-pyAse baccoM ko dekha mA~ ke hRdaya meM dUdha ruka nahIM sakatA/bAhara AtA hI hai umar3a kr|" (pR. 201) striyoM ke sambandha meM kavi kI dhAraNA bar3I pavitra hai| nArI zraddhA, prema aura AsthA kA nAma hai / use patha-vihIna karane kA zreya puruSa ko hai : "prAyaH puruSoM se bAdhya ho kara hI/kupatha para calanA par3atA hai striyoM ko parantu,/kupatha-supatha kI parakha karane meM pratiSThA pAI hai strI-samAja ne|" (pR. 201-202) mahilA kI kitanI saumya paribhASA kavi karatA hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 305 "jo/maha yAnI maMgalamaya mAhaula,/mahotsava jIvana meM lAtI hai mahilA kahalAtI vaha / " (pR. 202) nArI ke vibhinna rUpoM kA bar3A udAtta, maMgalamaya, zubhaMkara citra kavi ne 'mUkamATI' meM khIMcA hai| bhAratIya nArI ke prati santa kavi kI sahaja sahAnubhUti hai| hamase, Apa se, sabase kavi kA Agraha hai : "nyAya kI vedI para/anyAya kA tANDava-nRtya/mata kro...|" (pR. 419) AtaMkavAda ke sambandha meM bhI kavi kI avadhAraNA hai : "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI/dharatI yaha / " (pR. 441) kavi kI dRSTi sarvatra hai / jana pratinidhiyoM para usakI yaha vyaMgyAtmaka TippaNI kitanI sArthaka hai : "cora itane pApI nahIM hote/jitane ki coroM ko paidA karane vaale|" (pR. 468) aura Age kI paMktiyoM meM vaha kahatA hai : "satya kA Atma-samarpaNa/aura vaha bhI/asatya ke sAmane ? he bhagavan !/yaha kaisA kAla A gayA,/kyA asatya zAsaka banegA aba?" (pR. 469) isa adhyAtmavAdI kAvya darzana meM maiMne Adhunika samAja ke yathArtha-bodha ko khojane kA prayAsa mAtra kiyA hai / santa kavi ne rUpaka ke mAdhyama se 'mUkamATI' meM cetanA lA dI hai| kavi ke pAsa divya dRSTi hai, vaha saMsAra se pare bhI dekha letA hai| merI dRSTi dhuMdhalI hai aura sImita bhii| vaha isa saMsAra ko bhI bhalIbhA~ti dekha-parakha nahIM pAtI / anta meM maiM kavi kI ina paMktiyoM ke sAtha isa Alekha ko samApta karatA hU~ : "saMhAra kI bAta mata karo,/saMgharSa karate jAo! hAra kI bAta mata karo,/utkarSa karate jAo!" (pR. 432) kamATI
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________________ 'mUkamATI' kI saMvedanA DaoN. mRtyuMjaya upAdhyAya nalina vilocana zarmA ne 'upanyAsa sAhitya' zIrSaka lekha meM likhA hai : "samRddhi aura aizvarya kI sabhyatA mahAkAvya meM abhivyaMjanA pAtI hai aura jaTilatA aura saMgharSa upanyAsoM meN|" vijJAna kI upalabdhiyoM evaM sabhyatA ke vikAsa ne jaTilatAoM evaM saMgharSoM ko bar3hAvA diyA / phalata: upanyAsa, kahAnI Adi kA adhika vikAsa huaa| mahAkAvya apekSAkRta kama likhe gae / jIvana nAnA samasyAoM se AkrAnta hotA rahA / jana-jana ke prANa saMkaTa meM rhe| paristhiti kI isa viSamatA ko dhyAna meM rakha kara AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne anubhava kiyA ki kavitA hI eka mAtra mAdhyama hai, jisake dvArA jana-jana kI cetanA kA jAgaraNa ho sakatA hai / dvandva, sandeha, AzaMkA kI kuhelikA phaTa sakatI hai / satya se sAkSAtkAra ho sakatA hai / kavitA jana-jana kI A~kheM khola sakatI hai| use andhakAra se prakAza kA mArga batA sakatI hai| usakI jijIviSA ko ujAgara kara sakatI hai / isIlie virAT, vyApaka evaM bahumukhI uddezya ke sAtha kavi ne 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA praNayana kiyA hai| __ 'makamATI' kI saMvedanA ko bA~dhanA. sameTanA sAgara ko bA~dhanA hai, usake jala kA mApa karanA hai| isalie prayAsa yaha kiyA jA rahA hai ki kendrIya tattva kI ora, mahAbhAva kI ora, virAT cetanA kI ora saMketa bhara kiyA jA ske| mUka mATI mahAkAvya kI nAyikA hai| yaha eka pratIka hai sAdhanA, adhyAtma, darzana, jJAna, vairAgya, yoga samAdhi kI sampUrNa prakriyA kI, jisake antargata eka jIva zanaiH - zanai: apane aham ko miTAtA, galAtA, idam meM paryavasita ho jAtA hai / tadrUpa ho jAtA hai / ekameka ho jAtA hai / mATI ke dharatI se ukhar3ane se lekara maMgala ghaTa banane aura jala se guru ke pada prakSAlana taka kI yAtrA kA adhyayana vyaMjanA meM kiyA jAe, to lagegA ki adhyAtma evaM darzana kA yahA~ apratima nidarzana huA hai / mATI dharatI mA~ se nivedana karatI hai ki kaise ho usakA uddhAra, UrvIkaraNa / gosvAmI tulasIdAsa mAnate haiM ki Atma-sAkSAtkAra kI jyoti jalate hI jIva tInoM bhramoM se mukta ho jAtA hai : "tulasIdAsa pariharai tIni bhrama jo Apanu pahicAnai / " miTTI jAnatI hai- vaha patita hai / yahI usake utthAna kA rahasya hai : "tUne jo/apane Apako/patita jAnA hai laghu-tama mAnA hai/yaha apUrva ghaTanA/isalie hai ki tUne/nizcita rUpa se/prabhu ko,/guru-tama ko/pahacAnA hai|" (pR. 9) aura isake sAtha hI kavi sAdhanA kI sArI prakriyA ko parata-dara-parata kholate jAte haiN| prArambha meM AsthA bhale hI ho sthAyI, dRr3ha, dRr3hatarA, parantu prAthamika dazA meM skhalana kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai / nirantara abhyAsa ke bAda bhI skhalana svAbhAvika hai, usI taraha jaise varSoM se roTI banAne vAle pAkazAstrI kI pahalI roTI karar3I' banatI hai| ! "nirantara abhyAsa ke bAda bhI/skhalana sambhava hai;/pratidina-barasoM se roTI banAtA-khAtA AyA ho vaha/tathApi pAka-zAstrI kI pahalI roTI/karar3I kyoM banatI, beTA ! isIlie suno !/AyAsa se DaranA nahIM/Alasya karanA nahIM !" (pR. 11) kumbhakAra ko nAyaka mAnA jAe aura mATI ko nAyikA, to yaha laukika jIvana ke romAMsa se mela nahIM khAtA hai| adhUrA-adhUrA raha jAtA hai / adhyAtma ke kSetra meM donoM kI pArasparikatA aura anivAryatA sahaja svIkRta hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 307 maithilIzaraNa gupta kA 'maMgala ghaTa' loka saMgraha meM apanI sArthakatA mAnatA hai ki vaha jana-jana ko zItala jala pradAna karegA, usakI tRSA haregA :"mara ghara-ghara ghara aauuN|" vahA~ bhI mATI kI sAdhanA kI kaThora prakriyA se guz2aranA par3atA hai : "khule kheta se lAkara chAna /jala dU~ sAra milAkara sAnUM, sanU~ sveda meM kintu na mAneM / " vahA~ bhI kavi dharatI mAtA kI taraha beTe ko sambodhita karatA hai : "klezoM se na kalapanA hogaa|" tabhI maMgala ghaTa bana paaegaa| isa kRti meM kavi atyanta sUkSmatA se eka-eka sthiti kA anuzIlana karate haiN| usameM bhAvana karate haiM / isa kRti ke maMgala ghaTa kI sArthakatA guru ke pAda-prakSAlana meM hai, jo kAvya ke pAtra kI zraddhA ke AdhAra stambha haiM : "zaraNa, caraNa haiM Apake,/tAraNa-taraNa jahAja, bhava-dadhi taTa taka le calo/karuNAkara gururAja!" (pR. 325) kintu guru ke antima nAyaka haiM arhanta deva / mahAkAvya kA cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjana viveka sammata hai / ye sAdhanA ke cAra sopAna haiM aura unakI antaraMgatA meM kavi gahare utarate gae haiN| unakI anubhUti sArvajanIna, sArvabhaumika isalie ho jAtI hai ki unake pAsa jitanA gahana zAstrIya AdhAra hai, usase adhika gahana anubhUti kI sampannatA hai / ve kabIra kI taraha 'likhA likhI kI hai nahIM, dekhA dekhI kI bAta' karate haiN| prathama khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' kI sArthakatA kA prasaMga miTTI-kaMkara ke sAtha rahane ke prasaMga meM AyA hai / saMkara doSa ke nivAraNArtha hI kaMkara koSa kA vAraNa karanA par3atA hai (pR.46) / varNalAbha ko abhidhAtmaka artha raMga pAnA, jAti pAnA hai, para darzana ke kSetra meM isakA tAttvika artha vyApaka uddezya meM rUpAntaraNa hai : "nIra kA kSIra bananA hI/varNa-lAbha hai,/varadAna hai| aura/kSIra kA phaTa jAnA hI/varNa-saMkara hai/abhizApa hai|" (pR. 49) isake sAtha-sAtha AcAryazrI dharma ke guhya, gambhIra tattvoM kA nirUpaNa bhI karate jAte haiM : "sallekhanA, yAnI/kAya aura kaSAya ko/kRza karanA hotA hai, beTA ! kAyA ko kRza karane se/kaSAya kA dama ghuTatA hai,/ "ghuTanA hI caahie| aura/kAyA ko miTAnA nahIM,/miTatI-kAyA meM/milatI-mAyA meM mlAna-mukhI aura mudita-mukhI/nahIM honA hI/sahI sallekhanA hai, anyathA Atama kA dhana luTatA hai, beTA!" (pR. 87) khaNDa do zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' meM zabda - bodha - zodha kA AdhyAtmika vivecana, anuzIlana huA hai| 'kAvyAdarza' meM AcArya daNDI ne zabda ko jyoti kahA hai : "idamandhatamaH kRtsnaM jAyate bhuvanatrayam / yadi zabdAhvayaM jyotirAsaMsAraM na dIpyate // "
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________________ 308 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA yaha tribhuvana ghora andhakAra meM nimagna ho jAtA, yadi sRSTi ke Arambha se zabda (bhASA) kI jyoti najalatI hotii| bodha (kaMsepTa, pratIti, pratyaya) ke binA zabda kA mahattva nahIM hotA / bodha kA siMcana pAkara hI zabda ke paudhe lahalahAte haiM : "bodha ke siMcana binA/zabdoM ke paudhe ye kabhI lahalahAte nahIM, yaha bhI satya hai, ki/zabdoM ke paudhoM para/sugandha makaranda-bhare. bodha ke phUla kabhI mahakate nhiiN|" (pR. 106-107) bodha kA phala paripakva hokara zodha kahalAtA hai : "bodha kA phUla jaba/DhalatA-badalatA, jisameM/vaha pakva phala hI to zodha kahalAtA hai |/bodh meM AkulatA palatI hai zodha meM nirAkulatA phalatI hai / " (pR. 107) mana hI bandhana hai| mana hI hai mokSa / mana hai samasta pApa-puNya, sukha-duHkha, rAga-virAga, jaya-parAjaya kA kAraNa / kavi spaSTa karate haiM ki na koI mantra acchA hotA hai, na koI burA / acchA-burA to mana hotA hai : "acchA, burA to/apanA mana hotA hai/sthira mana hI vaha mahAmantra hotA hai/aura/asthira mana hI/pApatantra svacchanda hotA hai, eka sukha kA sopAna hai/eka duHkha kA so pAna hai|" (pR. 108-109) ___ khaNDa tIna hai- 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana / ' khaNDa ke prArambha se hI kavi pApa-puNya, nIti-anIti, vidhi-niSedha kI antaraMga pahacAna karAne lagate haiM : "para-sampadA kI ora dRSTi jAnA/ajJAna ko batAtA hai,/aura para-sampadA haraNa kara saMgraha karanA/moha-mUrchA kA atireka hai / yaha ati nimna-koTi kA karma hai/sva-para ko satAnA hai, nIca-narakoM meM jA jIvana bitAnA hai|" (pR. 189) * dharatI hai sarvasahA / vaha saba kucha sahatI hai / (khUda-khAda dharatI sahai, kATa-kUTa vanarAI'-kabIra) / apane sAtha durvyavahAra para koI pratikAra nahIM karatI / santa-patha yahI hai / kavi kA kathana hai : "sarva-sahA honA hI/sarvasva ko pAnA hai jIvana meM santoM kA patha yahI gAtA hai / " (pR. 190) vyaSTi-hita para kendrita rahane vAle kabhI paramArtha kI ora A~kha uThAkara dekha nahIM pAte / artha-lipsA kisa / prakAra manuSya ko patita aura nirlajja banA detI hai : "yaha kaTu-satya hai ki/artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatI, artha kI lipsA ne bar3oM-bar3oM ko/nirlajja banAyA hai|" (pR. 192) mahAtmA ke lakSaNa haiM- mana, vacana aura karma kI ekatA / isakI ekatA se zubha kArya sampAdita hote haiN| vyaSTi
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 309 kI sAdhanA samaSTi ke kalyANArtha nyauchAvara ho jAtI hai| vahI manuSya hai ki jo manuSya ke lie mare' (gupta)- kA bhAva caritArtha hone lagatA hai| samaSTi sukha se musakurAne lagatI hai| sAdhanA kA carama lakSya isase bhI virAT hai- jar3a ko jar3atA se mukti dilAnA, patana ke garta se nikAla kara uttuMga zikhara para baiThAnA : "jala ko jar3atva se mukta kara/muktA-phala banAnA, patana ke garta se nikAla kara/uttuMga-utthAna para dharanA, dhRti-dhAriNI dharA kA dhyeya hai|/yhii dayA-dharma hai yahI jiyA karma hai|" (pR. 193) veda se aveda, bheda se abheda kI yAtrA hI isa khaNDa kA lakSya hai : "jala aura jvalanazIla anala meM/antara zeSa rahatA hI nahIM sAdhaka kI antara-dRSTi meN|/nirntr sAdhanA kI yAtrA/bheda se abheda kI ora veda se aveda kI ora/bar3hatI hai, bar3hanI hI cAhie anyathA, vaha yAtrA nAma kI hai/yAtrA kI zurUAta abhI nahIM huI hai|" (pR. 267) caturtha khaNDa 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' meM kumbha ke avA meM pakane, tapane, jalane kI kathA itanI prANavanta evaM kAvyAtmaka hai ki mana mugdha ho jAtA hai| eka sAdhaka jisa prakAra apane guru se prArthanA kare ki usake doSoM ko jalAnA hI sAdhaka ko jilAnA hai, phira apane doSa ke kAraNa, bheda ginAe, usI prakAra apakva kumbha kahatA hai agni "mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI/mujhe jilAnA hai sva-para doSoM ko jalAnA/parama-dharma mAnA hai santoM ne| doSa ajIva haiM,/naimittika haiM,/bAhara se Agata haiM kathaMcit;/guNa jIvagata haiM, guNa kA svAgata hai |/tumheN paramArtha milegA isa kArya se, isa jIvana ko artha milegA tuma se/mujha meM jala-dhAraNa karane kI zakti hai jo tumhArI pratIkSA kara rahI hai,/usakI pUrI abhivyakti meM tumhArA sahayoga anivArya hai|" (pR.277) kumbha kA pUrI zakti lagAkara udara meM dhUma ko bharanA kumbhaka prANAyAma hai| kitanI saralatA va sahajatA se kavi aise gambhIra viSaya para viramate gae haiM : "phira bhI !/pUrI zakti lagAkara nAka se/pUraka AyAma ke mAdhyama le udara meM dhUma ko pUra kara/kumbha ne kumbhaka prANAyAma kiyA jo dhyAna kI siddhi meM sAdhakatama hai/nIroga yoga-taru kA mUla hai|" (pR. 279) kumbha paka kara bAhara AyA ki lage hAtha seTha kA sevaka A gayA kumbha lene / hAtha meM lekara usane ghar3e ko sAta bAra bajAyA, use jA~cane-parakhane / sAta bAra meM sAta svara nikale- sA, re, ga, ma, pa, dha, ni / usakA bhAva yaha hai :
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________________ 310 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "sAre ga'ma yAnI/sabhI prakAra ke duHkha/pa"dha yAnI ! pada-svabhAva aura/ni yAnI nahIM,/duHkha AtmA kA svabhAva-dharma nahIM ho sakatA, moha-karma se prabhAvita AtmA kA/vibhAva-pariNamana mAtra hai vaha / " (pR. 305) yaha khaNDa jaina dharma meM varNita sAdhu ko AhAra dAna kI prakriyA kA savistRta vivaraNa prastuta karatA hai-bhaktoM kI bhAvanA, AhAra dene yA na dene se utpanna bhAva, sAdhu kI dRSTi, dharmopadeza kI sAravattA, AhAra dAna karAne vAle seTha kA kucha-kucha udAsIna bhAva se lauTanA (jisase patA calatA hai ki use gantavya kA bodha ho gayA hai) Adi / mahAkAvya kI pariNati vahA~ hotI hai, jahA~ pASANa phalaka para AsIna nIrAga sAdhu kI vandanA ke uparAnta svayaM AtaMkavAda kahatA hai : "he svAmin !/samagra saMsAra hI/duHkha se bharapUra hai,/ yahA~ sukha hai, para vaiSayika aura vaha bhI kSaNika !/yaha 'to'anubhUta huA hameM,/parantu/akSaya sukha para vizvAsa ho nahIM rahA hai;/hA~ hA~ !! yadi/avinazvara sukha pAne ke bAda, Apa svayaM/usa sukha ko hameM dikhA sako/yA/usa viSaya meM apanA anubhava batA sako/"to/sambhava hai/hama bhI Azvasta ho Apa-jaisI sAdhanA ko/jIvana meM apanA sakeM,/anyathA mana kI bAta mana meM hI raha jAyegI/isalie/'tumhArI bhAvanA pUrI ho' aise vacana do hameM,/bar3I kRpA hogI hama pr|" (pR. 484-485) sAdhanA vahI saphala, jo jana-jana ko bahAe, ramAe / sAdhaka vahI mahAn, jisake zrIcaraNoM meM kyA DAkU ratnAkara, AtaMkavAdI, ugravAdI, kyA vAlmIki, zAntipriya zIza navAe~ / mUkamATI kA sAdhanA kI ananta prakriyA se guz2ara kara maMgala ghaTa bananA evaM guru ke pAdapadma prakSAlana karanA hI usakI pariNati hai| isa mahAkAvya meM kyA nahIM hai 'yanna bhArate, tanna bhArate' kI taraha ? rAga-virAga, laghu-mahAn, uttama-adhama, ati-atha kA dvandva dekhanA ho yA bhoga se yAtrA karate kAntAroM meM bhaTakate hue yoga taka pahu~cane kI dazA kA AkhyAna ho yA aham-idam kA dvandva - mahAkAvya meM hajAroM sAkSya mileNge| anubhUta satya kI vyaMjanA milegii| 'tU kahatA kAgada kI lekhI, maiM kahatA A~khina kI dekhI' (kabIra) kI prAmANikatA milegii| eka machalI kA kUpamaNDUkatA kI saMkIrNa paridhi se nikala bhAgane kA dvandva, saMkalpa evaM tadanukUla nirNaya ki vaha bAlaTI ke jala ke sAtha Upara A gaI, parantu kavi kI vyavasthA ki use binA kisI prakAra kI coTa pahu~cAe pAnI ke bhItara kara denA / ahiMsA kI paga-paga para duhaaii| saca pUchie, to Aja kA mAnava ahiMsA mantra bhara ko apanA le, to mAnavatA trANa pA jAe / isameM sarvatra sAmAjika dAyitva ke prati sajagatA, pratibaddhatA hai : "...kheda hai ki/lobhI pApI mAnava/pANigrahaNa ko bhI prANa-grahaNa kA rUpa dete haiM/prAya: anucita rUpa se/sevakoM se sevA lete aura/vetana kA vitaraNa bhI anucita hii|" (pR. 386-387) zabdoM kI partoM ko ughArate jAnA, naI-naI arthacchaviyA~ prApta karAnA kavi ke lie ekadama sarala hai / sahaja hai-'kumbhakAra' kI vyAkhyA, 'gadahA' kI vyAkhyA, 'dogalA' kI vyAkhyA- isake jIvanta udAharaNa haiN| bimba, pratIka,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 311 alaMkAra, aprastutoM kA aisA anupama evaM navIna prayoga huA hai ki vismaya vimugdha honA par3atA hai / yaha navanavonmeSazAlinI prajJA kA anupama udAharaNa hai| Aja ke vighaTana, mUlya saMkaTa, santrAsa kI ghar3I meM sarvadharma samanvaya kI bhAvanA kA vyApaka pracAra-prasAra honA hI caahie| eka-eka vyakti apane 'sva' ko pahacAna kara Urdhvamukha ho-aisA prayAsa yahA~ spaSTataH parilakSita hai| aise hI kAvya ko dekhakara AcArya kaha uThe hoge- "pazya devasya kAvyaM na mamAra na jIryate"-dekhie, deva kAvya, jo na kabhI maratA hai, na jIrNa hotA hai / aisI kAlajayI kRti ke lie kRtI kavi ko sAdhuvAda / hindI vAGmaya kI eka amUlya nidhi : 'mUkamATI' esa. ena. ThAkura 'mUkamATI' kavi AcArya vidyAsAgara kI anupama evaM stutya kRti hai| isameM mATI kI vyathA-kathA kA sajIva evaM marmasparzI citraNa hai / isa kRti meM pApa aura puNya kI rUpakAtmaka vyAkhyA bahuta hI sarAhanIya hai / karmabaddha AtmA kisa mArga se mokSa kI ora agrasara ho sakatI hai, isakI sahaja vyAkhyA vibhinna rUpakoM dvArA rUpAyita hai| isa asAra saMsAra meM jIva lobha, tRSNA evaM pralobhana ke vivarta meM pha~sakara nirantara garta athavA patanonmukha ho rahA hai / vaha dhana-sampadA, vaibhava, mAna-maryAdA hI jIvana kA uccatama bindu mAnatA hai kintu isakA saMcayana jIva ko pathabhraSTa karatA hai aura duSkarma meM Abaddha karatA hai / duSkarma hI pApa hai aura sukarma puNya / __artha kI A~kheM paramArtha ko nahIM dekhatI, kyoMki ajJAnatA kA dhundha itanA adhika AcchAdita ho jAtA hai ki jisase satya nirmUla evaM bhrAmaka-sA pratIta hotA hai / sAgara, megha, candra, badalI, rAhu ityAdi duSkarmI evaM ajJAnI ke tathA dharatI, kumbhakAra, kumbha, sUrya evaM indra Adi sukarmI ke rUpaka haiN| inake mAdhyama se kavi ne Aja kI AdhunikatA tathA sAmAjika, Arthika evaM rAjanItika dhuriyoM para karArA vyaMgya kasA hai / svArtha meM baddha mAnava vibhinna duSkarmoM meM Asakta hai, isa tathya ko kavi ne bar3I bArIkI se sAgara ke mAdhyama se abhivyakta kiyA hai| moha se prabhAvita 'sva' jIvana meM svArtha, lobha, IrSyA aura dveSa kI bhAvanA ko ukasAtA hai jabaki 'para' pAvana bhAvadhArA meM avagAhana karAtA hai, jo satkarma ke patha ko prazasta karatA hai| 'para' hI paramArtha hai aura paramArtha kA anusaraNa karanA puruSArtha hai| puruSArtha hI mAnava ko kusaMskAra ke paMka se nikAlakara susaMskAra kI pAvana dharA para lAtA hai aura usameM sadguNoM, satkarmoM evaM sat bhAvoM kA aMkura aMkurita hotA hai jisase mAnava sat mArga kI ora athavA Izvaronmukha hotA hai / yahI upAsanA aura sAdhanA mAnava ko mokSa kA mArga prazasta karatI hai| 'mUkamATI' meM kathA kA pravAha bar3A hI rocaka evaM bhAvapUrNa hai / alaMkAroM kI chaTA, zabdoM kA sArthaka evaM arthagrAhI prayoga evaM pAtroM kA cuTIlA aura sajIva vArtAlApa artha kI gaharI paratoM ko ukera detA hai| yaha mahAkAvya hindI vAGmaya kI eka amUlya nidhi hai, jisameM AdhyAtmika sandarbha meM karma kI sahaja vyAkhyA upalabdha hotI hai|
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________________ hindI kA prathama saphala dArzanika mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' : DaoN. durgA zaMkara mizra 'mUkamATI' jainAcArya zrI vidyAsAgara dvArA likhita 488 pRSThoM kA eka dArzanika mahAkAvya hai / 13 pRSThIya 'prastavana' meM bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana ke zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ne bar3I vidvattA ke sAtha mahAkAvya ke kathAnaka, darzana, mahAkAvyatva evaM zabdArtha camatkAra para samyak prakAza DAlA hai| AcArya vidyAsAgara ne apanI 4 pRSTha kI 'mAnasa - taraMga' isa mahAkAvya ke marma ko udghATita karake pAThakoM kA mArgadarzana kiyA hai| isa mahAkAvya kA koI paramparAgata paurANika athavA loka prasiddha kathAnaka nahIM hai| kAvyazAstrIya lakSaNoM anugamana bhI isameM nahIM milegA, kintu apane viziSTa racanA - kauzala tathA Adhunika sandarbhoM se sampRkta dArzanika uktiyoM ke kAraNa hindI jagat meM yaha eka navya prayoga ke lie samAdRta hogA- aisA hamArA vizvAsa hai / mahAn uddezya kI pUrti kI dRSTi se bhI isa mahAkAvya kI carcA lokapriya hogI / ' suprasiddha pAzcAtya vidvAn ebara kraoNmbI ne apane grantha 'epika' meM mahAkAvya ke avayava saMghaTanako mahattva dekara usake Antarika saundarya ko mahattvapUrNa mAnA hai| unhoMne likhA hai : "jIvana ke atyadhika vistRta raMgamaMca para apane atha tUlikA zrama ke dvArA mahAkAvya aise bhavya evaM utkRSTa citroM ko aMkita karatA hai, jisake mAdhyama se hama eka aise loka kA darzana karane meM samartha hote haiM, jahA~ para sabhI kucha mahattvapUrNa, bhavya evaM darzanIya hotA hai / " bhAratIya cintakoM meM yogirAja zrI aravinda ne apane grantha 'phAuNDezana oNpha iNDiyana kalcara' meM bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya mahAkAvyoM kI tulanA karate hue mahAkAvya ke mahattva para samyak prakAza DAlA hai / unake vicAra se: "bhAratIya mahAkAvya mAnava-jIvana ke Antarika mahattva kI atyanta utkRSTa evaM kalApUrNa abhivyakti hotA hai / usameM ucca tathA udAtta vicAroM kI mUrtimAn evaM spandanazIla abhivyakti hotI hai| usameM vikAsapUrNa naitika evaM saundaryaniSTha mAnava hRdaya evaM uccatama sAmAjika ArdazoM kI vivRtti hotI hai / usameM mahAn saMskRti kA Atmika bimba nibaddha kiyA jAtA hai| isI kAraNa bhAratIya mahAkAvya sampUrNa rASTra ke antaraMga jIvana kA aMga banA huA hai| isa sandarbha meM Alocya grantha ke AvaraNa pRSTha para aMkita prakAzakIya TippaNI draSTavya hai : "AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI kAvya-pratibhA kA yaha camatkAra hai ki mATI jaisI nirIha, pada dalita evaM vyathita vastu ko mahAkAvya viSaya banAkara usakI mUka vedanA aura mukti kI AkAMkSA ko vANI dI hai| kumbhakAra zilpI ne miTTI kI dhruva aura bhavya sattA ko pahacAnakara, kUTa - chAnakara, varNa saMkara kaMkara ko haTAkara use nirmala mRdutA kA varNa lAbha diyA hai| phira cAka para car3hAkara A~vA~ meM tapAkara, use aisI maMz2ila taka pahu~cAyA hai, jahA~ vaha pUjA kA maMgala-ghaTa banakara jIvana kI sArthakatA prApta karatI hai / karmabaddha AtmA kI vizuddhi kI ora bar3hatI maMz2iloM kI mukti-ya - yAtrA kA rUpaka hai yaha mahAkAvya / " mATI ke pratIka ko kavivara baccana ne apane eka gIta meM prayukta karake jIva ko punarjanmoM ke cakkaroM se mukti pradAna karane ke lie Izvara se prArthanA kI hai : " 'isa cakkI para khAte cakkara / merA tana-mana jIvana jarjara; kumbhakAra, merI miTTI ko aura na aba barabAda karo / " he 'mATI' ke isa pratIka kA prayoga paramparAgata arthoM meM santa kabIra Adi ne bhI kiyA hai, kintu AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM isa pratIka kA upayoga sarvathA bhinna evaM navIna arthoM meM kiyA hai| sAdhana dvArA sAdhaka ke Atma-sAkSAtkAra karane evaM loka-kalyANa ke parama lakSya kI ora agrasara hone kI prakriyA ko
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 313 kAvyAnubhUti ke mAdhyama se abhivyakta karanA Adhunika sandarbho meM eka prazasya upalabdhi hai| samAjavAda ke thothe nAroM para vyaMgya karate hue samAjavAda ke sahI arthoM kI ora kavivara AcAryazrI ne hamArA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA hai : "svAgata merA ho/manamohaka vilAsitAyeM/mujhe mileM acchI vastue~aisI tAmasatA bharI dhAraNA hai tumhArI/phira bhalA batA do hameM, AsthA kahA~ hai samAjavAda meM tumhArI?/sabase Age maiM/samAja bAda meN| are kama-se-kama/zabdArtha kI ora to dekho !/samAja kA artha hotA hai samUha aura/samUha yAnI/sama-samIcIna Uha-vicAra hai/jo sadAcAra kI nIMva hai| kula milA kara artha yaha huA ki/pracAra-prasAra se dUra prazasta AcAra-vicAra vAloM kA/jIvana hI samAjavAda hai| samAjavAda samAjavAda cillAne mAtra se/samAjavAdI nahIM bnoge|" (pR. 460-461) 'kAmAyanI' ko yadi hama hindI kA prathama manovaijJAnika mahAkAvya mAnate haiM to 'mRkamATI' ko sarvaprathama saphala dArzanika mahAkAvya kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai / 'kAmAyanI' meM manovaijJAnika prakriyA ke vikAsa ko pralaya ke sUkSma kathAnaka ke samanvaya se gati pradAna kI gaI hai / anta meM zraddhA aura manu ko 'zaiva darzana' kI sahAyatA se Anandopabdhi hotI hai| 'kAmAyanI' ke sarga zIrSaka-cintA, AzA, zraddhA, kAma, vAsanA, lajjA, karma, IrSyA, ir3A, svapna, saMgharSa, nirveda, darzana, rahasya, Ananda - isa bAta kA saMketa karate haiN| 'mUkamATI' kI Anandopalabdhi Atmopalabdhi para nirbhara karatI hai / jaina darzana zramaNa-dharma para vizvAsa karatA hai / zaiva darzana pravRttiparaka hai, to jaina darzana nivRttiparaka / isIlie jaina darzana meM tapasyA, anuzAsana, tyAga, ahiMsA, zAntipriyatA, nirlipta jIvana ko hI mahattva pradAna kiyA jAtA hai| isI jIvana darzana ko kavitA ke mAdhyama se sarasatA ke sAtha grAhya banAne kA upakrama hai- 'mUkamATI'mahAkAvya / 'mUkamATI' kAvya ke kavi kI yaha ghoSaNA kitanI mahattvapUrNa hai : "maiM yathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~/vyathAkAra nhiiN| aura/maiM tathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~/kathAkAra nhiiN| isa lekhanI kI bhI yahI bhAvanA hai-/kRti rahe, saMskRti rahe AgAmI asIma kAla taka/jAgRtajIvita ajita !" (pR. 245) 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke aneka pAtra haiM, aneka prasaMga haiM / loka jIvana se sampRkta muhAvare, bIjAkSaroM ke camatkAra, mantra vidyA, mATI ke Ayurvedika prayoga, aMkoM kA camatkAra, samAja darzana, adhyAtma, Adhunika jIvana meM vijJAna se upajI katipaya naI avadhAraNAe~, AtaMkavAda, pralaya, mahAvRSTi, manamohaka prAkRtika dRzya, sAhitya, saMgIta ke sAtha-sAtha aneka zabdoM ke artha-camatkAra bhI haiN| saritA taTa kI mATI, kumbha, kumbhakAra isa mahAkAvya ke pramukha pAtra haiN| anya pAtroM meM dharatI, kA~TA, babUla kI lakar3I, guru atithi, svarNakalaza, sphaTika jhArI, mahAmatsya, matkuNa (khaTamala), macchara, nadI, bhakta seTha Adi ullekhanIya haiM / yugoM se mATI kumbhakAra kI pratIkSA meM lIna rahI hai / kumbhakAra ke hAthoM vaha apanA uddhAra cAhatI thI, maMgala ghaTa ke rUpa meM parivartita honA cAha rahI thii| maMgala ghaTa kI sArthakatA guru ke pAda-prakSAlana meM hai, jo kAvya ke pAtra bhakta seTha kI zraddhA ke AdhAra haiN| hamArI bhAratIya saMskRti kI udAttatA ko kAvya ke anta meM kumbha ke mukha se nikala rahI maMgala-kAmanA kI
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________________ 314:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA paMktiyA~ mukhara kara rahI haiM : "yahA~ saba kA sadA/jIvana bane maMgalamaya/chA jAve sukha-chA~va, sabake saba TaleM-/amaMgala-bhAva,/saba kI jIvana latA harita-bharita viha~sita ho/guNa ke phUla vilasita hoM nAzA kI AzA miTe/AmUla mahaka uThe/"basa !" (pR. 478) maMgala-ghaTa para aMkita 'hI' aura 'bhI' bIjAkSaroM kA dArzanika vivecana paThanIya hai : " 'hI' ekAntavAda kA samarthaka hai/'bhI' anekAnta, syAdvAda kA pratIka / hama hI saba kucha haiM/yU~ kahatA hai 'hI' sadA,/tuma to tuccha, kucha nahIM ho ! aura,/'bhI' kA kahanA hai ki hama bhI haiM/tuma bhI ho/saba kucha !... ...'hI' pazcimI-sabhyatA hai/'bhI' hai bhAratIya saMskRti, bhaagy-vidhaataa| rAvaNa thA 'hI' kA upAsaka/rAma ke bhItara 'bhI' baiThA thaa| yahI kAraNa ki/rAma upAsya hue, haiM, raheMge Age bhii|" (pR. 172-173) jaina darzana vastuta: anekAnta darzana hai| ise syAdvAda kahate haiN| kathaMcit yaha bhI sahI hai, kathaMcit vaha bhI satya ho sakatA hai| sApekSikatA isa darzana kA mUla hai : "agara sAgara kI ora/dRSTi jAtI hai,/guru-gArava -sA kalpa-kAla vAlA lagatA hai sAgara;/agara lahara kI ora/dRSTi jAtI hai, alpa-kAla vAlA lagatA hai sAgara / eka hI vastu/aneka bhaMgoM meM bhaMgAyita hai aneka raMgoM meM raMgAyita hai, taraMgAyita !/merA saMgI saMgIta hai sapta-bhaMgI rIta hai|" (pR. 146) vAstavika karuNA-dayA ke abhAva ke kAraNa jaina saMskRti parAbhava ko prApta huii| Aja isake upadezaka svayaM apane patha se bhaTaka gae haiN| isa tathya kI ora AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne bar3A mArmika vyaMgya kiyA hai : "usa pAvana patha para/dUba uga AI hai khUba!/varSA ke kAraNa nahIM, cAritra se dUra raha kara/kevala kathanI meM karuNA rasa ghola dharmAmRta-varSA karane vAloM kI/bhIr3a ke kAraNa ! Aja patha dikhAne vAloM ko/patha dikha nahIM rahA hai, mA~ !" (pR. 151-152) mahAkAvya ke prathama khaNDa kA zIrSaka hai 'saMkara nahIM : vrnn-laabh|' isa khaNDa kA kathya hai ki saMkara doSa se bacane ke sAtha-sAtha varNa-lAbha ko prApta karanA hI mAnava jIvana kA sAphalya hai / jaina darzana janma mAtra se kisI ko brAhmaNa athavA zUdra Adi nahIM mAnatA hai / vaha usake karmAnusAra varNa kI mAnyatA ko vyAkhyAyita karatA hai| yaha darzana prAcIna hote hue bhI vartamAna sandarbho ke yugAnukUla hai / mATI kI zuddhatA ke lie usake kaMkara-pattharoM ko chAna kara nikAlanA hotA hai| isI saMkara doSa se mATI ko bacAnA hai aura usako kumbha ke upayukta banAnA hI usakA varNa-lAbha hai| prakArAntara se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki sAdhanA kI kasauTI para jIvAtmA ko tapAkara Atma-sAkSAtkAra ke mAdhyama se use paramAtmA kI koTi taka Upara uThAnA hI guru zilpI kumbhakAra kA kArya hai| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne apanI 'mAnasa taraMga' saMjJaka bhUmikA meM zuddha sAttvika bhAvoM se sambandhita jIvana
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 315 dharma kahA hai tathA dharma kA prayojana sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanaitika aura dhArmika kSetroM meM praviSTa kurItiyoM ko nirmUla karanA mAnA hai / unhoMne vartamAna yuga ko zubha saMskAroM se saMskArita kara bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a kara vItarAga zramaNa saMskRti ko jIvita rakhane ke mahAn uddezya ko lekara mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' kI racanA kI hai, yathA : " tana aura mana ko / tapa kI Aga meM / tapA-tapA kara / jalA - jalA kara rAkha karanA hogA / yatanA ghora karanA hogA / tabhI kahIM cetana - AtmA kharA utaregA / / kharA zabda bhI svayaM / vilomarUpa se kaha rahA hai - / rAkha bane binA kharA-darzana kahA~ ? /rAkhakharA / " (pR. 57 ) mahAkAvya kA dvitIya khaNDa 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' upazIrSaka se hai / isameM kavi ne yaha batalAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki 'zabda' sArthaka akSaroM kA uccAraNa mAtra hai / usake sampUrNa artha ko samajhanA 'bodha' hai aura isa bodha ko anubhUti meM tathA AcaraNa meM utAranA 'zodha' hai / kavi kahatA hai : "bodha ke siMcana binA / zabdoM ke paudhe ye kabhI lahalahAte nahIM, ... zabdoM ke paudhoM para / sugandha makaranda-bhare / ... bodha kA phUla jaba DhalatA-badalatA, jisameM / vaha pakva phala hI to / zodha kahalAtA hai / bodha meM AkulatA palatI hai / zodha meM nirAkulatA phalatI hai, phUla se nahIM, phala se/ tRpti kA anubhava hotA hai|" (pR. 106-107) phala hai 'zodha' yAnI zabdoM ke artha-bodha ko AcaraNa meM utAranA / aneka zabdoM ke Antarika artha-bodha ko spaSTa karanA, sAtha hI unheM darzana se sampRkta karate calanA AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kI vilakSaNa zabda-sAdhanA kA pariNAma hai| nArI, sutA, duhitA, kumArI, strI, abalA, AdamI, kAmanA, namana, dharatI, kisalaya, rAhI, saMgIta, zRMgAra, vIra, zAnta, kalazI, vaikharI, tIratha Adi aneka zabdoM kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| AcAryazrI ne zAnta rasa ko 'rasarAja' kahA hai| rasoM kA paricaya dete samaya rasa zAstra kI avahelanA karate hue unheM navIna krama se prastuta kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai- vIra, hAsya, raudra, bhayaMkara, adbhuta, zRMgAra, bIbhatsa, karuNa, vAtsalya aura zAnta : " karuNA - rasa jIvana kA prANa hai / ghamaghama samIra-dharmI hai / vAtsalya - jIvana kA trANa hai / dhavalima nIra-dharmI hai / / kintu, yaha dvaita-jagat kI bAta huI,/ zAnta-rasa jIvana kA gAna hai / madhurima kSIra-dharmI hai / ...zAnta - rasa kA kyA kaheM, / saMyama - rata dhImAna ko hI / 'om' banA detA hai / jahA~ taka zAnta rasa kI bAta hai / vaha AtmasAt karane kI hI hai / kama zabdoM meM niSedha - mukha se kahU~ / saba rasoM kA anta honA hI - / zAnta-rasa hai / " (pR. 159 - 160) saMgIta kI nUtana vyAkhyA bhI draSTavya hai : "saMgIta use mAnatA hU~ / jo saMgAtIta hotA hai / aura prIti use mAnatA hU~/jo aMgAtIta hotI hai merA saMgI saMgIta hai / sapta-svaroM se atIta!" (pR. 144 - 145)
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________________ 316 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA tRtIya khaNDa kA zIrSaka hai- 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana / ' isa khaNDa meM AcAryazrI ne spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki tana, mana aura vacana kI nirmalatA se loka kalyANakArI kAryoM kA sampAdana hI puNya kA arjana hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA evaM lobha pApa ke saMcayana kA kAraNa hote haiM / ataH inase virata rahanA hI zreyaskara hai / mahAkAvya ke sUkSma kathAnaka ko aneka sthitiyoM ke citraNa se gati pradAna kI gaI hai| dharatI kI kIrti dekhakara sAgara ko kSobha honA, vaha kSobha bar3avAnala ke rUpa meM prakaTa honA, sAgara dvArA rAhu-AhvAna, phalasvarUpa sUrya grahaNa, indra dvArA meghoM para vajra prahAra, upala-vRSTi Adi ke pralayaMkara dRzyoM ke mAdhyama se vibhinna rasoM kA paripAka huA hai / anta meM kathAkAra isa niSkarSa para pahu~catA hai : " nirantara sAdhanA kI yAtrA / bheda se abheda kI ora veda se aveda kI ora / bar3hatI hai, bar3hanI hI cAhie / " (pR. 267) isa khaNDa ke eka mahattvapUrNa prasaMga kI ora maiM pAThakoM kA dhyAna AkRSTa karanA cAhU~gA, jo dharatI ke mahattva ko ujAgara karane vAlA hai / svAti nakSatra ke megha se megha - muktA kA avataraNa hotA hai / isa avataraNa kA nimitta kAraNa sIpI hotI hai aura sIpI dharatI kA hI aMza hai / ata: dharatI ke dhairya ke kAraNa hI vaha jar3a tattva jala ko muktAphala meM parivartita karane kA dhArmika evaM kalyANakArI karma sampAdita kara pAtI hai| yahI dayA dharma hai aura ise hI vyAvahArika kArya bhI kahate haiM : " jala ko jar3atva se mukta kara / muktA - phala banAnA, patana ke garta se nikAla kara / uttuMga - utthAna para dharanA, dhRti-dhAriNI dharA kA dhyeya hai / / yahI dayA - dharma hai yahI jiyA karma hai / " (pR. 193) 'mUkamATI' ke pRSThoM para aneka mUlyavAn sUktiyA~ bikharI par3I haiN| unake sandarbhoM, prayogoM evaM mahattva para eka svatantra nibandha kI apekSA hai, tabhI unakA samyak vivaraNa prastuta ho sakatA hai / yahA~ para kavi kI uktiyoM para yatkiMcit prakAza DAlanA hI paryApta hogA / Adhunika bhautikavAdI dRSTi para coTa karane vAlI kavi kI eka rocaka ukti hai : 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam'/ isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai vasu yAnI dhana- dravya / dhA yAnI dhAraNa karanA / Aja dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai / dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kA / " (pR. 82 ) 66 sat-yuga evaM kaliyuga kI vyAkhyA karatA huA kavi kahatA hai ki sat kI khoja meM lagI dRSTi hI sat - yuga hai| sat ko asat mAnane vAlI dRSTi svayaM kaliyuga hai| kaliyuga kI dRSTi vyaktivAdI hai jabaki sat-yuga samaSTivAdI hai / kaliyuga kA jIvana kAntimukta zava hai, kintu sat-yuga kA jIvana kAntiyukta ziva hai| machalI ko mATI samajhA rahI hai: 'zava meM Aga lagAnA hogA, / aura / ziva meM rAga jagAnA hogA / " (pR. 84) 'kAmanA' ke sambandha meM kavi kI ukti usake pracalita artha se nitAnta bhinna artha kA bodha karA rahI hai : "yahI merI kAmanA hai / ki / AgAmI chorahIna kAla meM basa isa ghaTa meM / kAma nA rahe !" (pR. 77)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 317 mATI ke kumbha meM se pAyasa ne svarNakalaza ko phaTakArate hue kahA : "tuma svarNa ho/ubalate ho jhaTa se,/mATI svarNa nahIM hai/para svarNa ko ugalatI avazya,/tuma mATI ke ugAla ho ! ...he svarNa kalaza!/...paratantra jIvana kI AdhAra-zilA ho tuma, pU~jIvAda ke abhedya/durgama kilA ho tuma/aura/azAnti ke antahIna silasilA ! he svarNa- kalaza!/ eka bAra to merA kahanA mAno,/kRtajJa bano isa jIvana meM, mA~ mATI ko amApa mAna do/mAtra mA~, mA~, nAma lo aba!" (pR. 364-366) khIra (pAyasa) kI svarNakalaza ke prati kahI gaIM ukta paMktiyA~ mahAkAvya ke caturtha khaNDa se sambandhita haiN| isa khaNDa kA upazIrSaka hai-'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI raakh|' isake sambandha meM zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ke prastavana' kA yaha aMza bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai : "bAta meM se bAta kI udbhAvanA kA, tattva-cintana ke U~ce choroM ko dekhane- sunane kA, aura laukika tathA pAralaukika jijJAsAoM evaM anveSaNoM kA eka vicitra chavi-ghara hai yaha caturtha khaNDa / yahA~ pUjA-upAsanA ke upakaraNa sajIva vArtAlApa meM nimagna ho jAte haiN| mAnavIya bhAvanAe~, guNa aura avaguNa, inake mAdhyama se abhivyakti pAte haiN|" isa khaNDa meM kumbhakAra ne ghaTa ko rUpAkAra de diyA hai / isake pazcAt use avA meM tapAne kI prakriyA prArambha hotI hai| isI bIca babUla kI lakar3I apanI jalanazIlatA kI vyathA kahatI hai / apakva kumbha kA agni se nivedana hI isa mahAkAvya kA sArAMza prastuta karatA hai : "mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI/mujhe jilAnA hai/sva-para doSoM ko jalAnA parama-dharma mAnA hai santoM ne|/doss ajIva haiM,/naimittika haiM bAhara se Agata haiM kathaMcit /guNa jIvagata haiM,/guNa kA svAgata hai| tumheM paramArtha milegA isa kArya se,/isa jIvana ko artha milegA tuma se mujha meM jala -dhAraNa karane kI zakti hai/ jo tumhArI pratIkSA kara rahI hai, usakI pUrI abhivyakti meM/tumhArA sahayoga anivArya hai|" (pR. 277) 'mUkamATI' kA kathya- bhAvapakSa adhika samRddha hai / itanA saba kahane ke uparAnta bhI aisA lagatA hai ki kadAcit abhI bahuta kucha kahanA zeSa hai aura yahA~ to kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakA hai| kAvya kA kalApakSa-abhivyakti zilpa bhI ucca stara kA hai / sarasa, sahaja, pravAhapUrNa bhASA ne durUha dArzanika bhAvoM ko jisa sauSThava-sampanna zailI meM vyakta kiyA hai, vaha stutya hai, prazasya hai, anukaraNIya hai / AlaMkArika chaTA ke sAtha bhASA kI lakSaNA evaM vyaMjanA zaktiyoM kA bharapUra prayoga kAvyagata zailI-pakSa kI sampannatA ko ujAgara karane ke lie paryApta hai / vyaMgyArtha ke sAthasAtha arthAntaranyAsa kA zabda-kauzala dekhane yogya hai, sAtha meM mArmika uktiyoM kA saMyojana kavi kI vilakSaNa kAvyapratibhA kA paricAyaka hai : "vetana vAle vatana kI ora/kama dhyAna de pAte haiM aura cetana vAle tana kI ora/kaba dhyAna de pAte haiM ?/isIlie to... rAjA kA maraNa vaha/raNa meM huA karatA hai/prajA kA rakSaNa karate hue,/aura mahArAja kA maraNa vaha/vana meM huA karatA hai/dhvajA kA rakSaNa karate hue
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________________ 318 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA jisa dhvajA kI chA~va meM/sArI dharatI jIvita hai sAnanda sukhamaya zvAsa svIkAratI huI !/prakRti kI AkRti meM turanta hI vikRti udita ho AI/suna kara apanI kaTu AlocanA aura/lohitA kSubhitA ho AI/usakI lohamayI locanA!" (pR. 123) sabhI kAvya guNoM se sampanna hote hue bhI 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya sarvathA nirdoSa nahIM hai| kucha vyAkaraNa sambandhI cintya prayoga haiM jo kAvya ke gaurava ko ghaTAne vAle haiN| prArambhika paMktiyoM ke zabda prayoga anagar3ha aura bemela-se pratIta hote haiM: "sImAtIta zUnya meM/nIlimA bichAI,/aura idhara'nIce nirI nIravatA chAI,/nizA kA avasAna ho rahA hai| uSA kI aba zAna ho rahI hai|" (pR. 1) 'avasAna' ke sAtha tuka ke lobha meM uSA ke sAtha 'zAna' kA prayoga atyanta bhraSTa prayoga hai, jisase bhASA saundarya ko AghAta lagA hai| isI prakAra pRSTha do para 'parAga' pulliMga ke sAtha apanI' sambandhavAcaka sarvanAma kA prayoga bhI azuddha hai / yahA~ para apane parAga ko' honA caahie| parAga kA anyatra prayoga bhI strIliMga meM kiyA hai / pRSTha tIna para 'saraka' zabda ke sAtha 'sarapaTa' zabda kA prayoga anarthakArI hai| saraka' zabda dhIre-dhIre calane ke artha meM AtA hai aura 'sarapaTa' zabda jaldI-jaldI daur3ane kA arthabodha detA hai, kintu kavi ne likhA hai : "aura idhara''sAmane/saritA... jo sarapaTa saraka rahI hai/apAra sAgara kI ora / " (pR. 3) 'mATI' ke lie 'beTe' kA sambodhana bhI cintya hai / prAsuka, zvabhra, gArava, DA~va, snapita, pAraNA, aruka, apAya, antarAya, IDA, parIta Adi aise aprayukta zabdoM kA prayoga kAvya ke mantavya ko samajhane meM pAThakoM ko kaThinAI meM DAlane vAlA pratIta hotA hai / sItAharaNa ke samaya sItA se yaha kahalAnA bhI aneka pAThakoM ko Apattijanaka laga sakatA hai : "yadi maiM/itanI rUpavatI nahIM hotI rAvaNa kA mana kaluSita nahIM hotaa|" (pR. 468) uparyukta vivecana se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki katipaya vyAkaraNa sambandhI bhUloM, vizRMkhala kathA-sUtroM, dArzanika rUkSatA, naI kavitA kI chandavihInatA Adi aneka kAraNoM se 'mUkamATI' 'kAmAyanI' evaM 'urvazI' sadRza mahAkAvyoM kI zreNI meM gaNanA ke yogya mahAkAvya nahIM hai, tathApi vaha eka mahAn (sAmpradAyika) dArzanika kAvya hote hue bhI mAnavIya mUlyoM kI garimA se otaprota hai, zikSAprada hai, paThanIya hai, saMgrahaNIya hai evaM dArzanikatA kI dRSTi se advitIya bhI hai| hamArI abhilASA hai ki hindI saMsAra meM isakA acchA svAgata ho, isakI carcA ho aura isakA gambhIra adhyayana bhI ho|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM abhinava arthabodhaka zabda-prayoga DaoN. tilaka siMha I bhASA-vaijJAnika dRSTi se eka zabda kA eka hI artha hotA hai| zabda se utpanna mastiSkagata bimba hI usakA artha hai| eka bimbI zabda ekArthI hote haiM / kAvyakRtiyoM meM ekArthI zabdoM kA prayoga hI adhika hotA hai / samartha racanAkAra eka-sandarbhI zabda ko apanI pratibhA tathA kSamatA ke anusAra bahu- sandarbhI banA detA hai / kabhI-kabhI eka kSetra vizeSa se sambaddha zabda racanAkAra kI bahuAyAmI pratibhA kA samparka tathA saMsparza pAkara pRthak kSetra meM prayukta hone lagatA hai / vAstavikatA yaha hai ki vicAra-bheda se zabda bahuarthI bana jAtA hai / bahucarcita racanAkAra vidyAsAgara ne apane abhinava mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' meM kathya kI navInatA sAtha-sAtha aneka zabdoM kA bhI abhinava arthoM meM prayoga kiyA hai / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM abhinava arthabodhaka zabdoM ke prayoga kI nimnalikhita do paddhatiyA~ prayukta huI haiM : 1. saMkramaNa kI paddhati 2. zabdoM ke viyoga kI prakriyA bhASA - vijJAna meM saMkramaNa ( jaMkcara) kI prakriyA apanA vizeSa mahattva rakhatI hai| saMkramaNa do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai : 1. baddha saMkramaNa (klojDa jaMkcara) 2. mukta saMkramaNa (opana jaMkcara) baddha saMkramaNa meM zabda mUla yA avikala rUpa meM prayukta hotA hai| zabda racanAstara para yaha tIna prakAra kA mAnA jA sakatA hai : 1. ekala zabda ke prayoga dvArA utpanna baddha saMkramaNa 2. vyutpanna zabda ke prayoga dvArA utpanna baddha saMkramaNa 3. yaugika yA sAmAsika zabda ke prayoga dvArA utpanna baddha saMkramaNa mukta saMkramaNa kI prakriyA meM zabdagata dhvaniyoM ke prayoga-sthAna ko parivartita karake vyutpanna zabda dvArA abhinava artha kI sarjanA kI jAtI hai| 'mUkamATI' meM baddha saMkramaNa ke ukta tInoM rUpa prayukta parilakSita hote haiM / ukta kRti meM mukta saMkramaNa kI nimnalikhita prakriyA prayukta parilakSita hotI hai : 1. zabdagata dhvani parivartana dvArA 2. zabdagata pUrvapratyaya dvArA 3. zabdagata parapratyaya dvArA zabdagata dhvani-parivartana dvArA mukta saMkramaNa ukta kAvyakRti meM nimnalikhita rUpoM meM prayukta huA hai : 1. zabdagata dhvani ke sthAna parivartana dvArA 2. dvitva (dvita) dhvani prayoga dvArA 3. saMyukta dhvani prayoga dvArA zabdagata dhvani ke prayoga-sthAna ko parivartita kara dene se eka hI zabda alaga-alaga abhinava arthoM kA bodhaka bana jAtA hai / 'mUkamATI' meM abhinava arthabodhana kI yaha prakriyA bahuta adhika prabhAvI parilakSita hotI hai / nIce ke udAharaNoM meM ise dekhA jA sakatA hai :
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________________ 320 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "maiM aMganA hU~/parantu,/mAtra aMga nA huuN|" (pR. 207) 'aMganA' baddha saMkramaNa kI sthiti meM strIbodhaka hai parantu isake anta ke 'nA' akSara ko pRthak kara dene para mukta saMkramaNa kI prakriyA meM yaha aMga nA' arthAt 'zarIra nahIM, isa pRthak artha kA bodhaka bana gayA hai| racanAkAra ne nArI ko bhogyA nahIM mAnA hai| nArI bhAratIya saMskRti ke naitika tathA udAtta mUlyoM kI vAhikA hai| yaha artha aMganA-aMga nA zabda kI racanA-prakriyA se pratidhvanita hotA hai| "na' -'mana' ho, taba kahIM/ 'namana' ho samaNa ko|" (pR. 97) 'namana' zabda nam (namaskAra) dhAtu se an pratyaya dvArA vyutpanna huA hai| 'na mana' zabda 'namana' zabda kI prathama vyaMjana dhvani ko pRthak karake mukta saMkramaNa kI prakriyA dvArA vyutpanna huA hai| 'na mana' kA artha hai mana nahIM, parantu Upara kI paMkti meM 'na mana' kA artha hai caMcalatA kA abhAva arthAt sthiratA / mana kI ekAgratA hI zramaNa ke namana kA AdhAra hai| "mATI ke kumbha meM bhare pAyasa ne/pAtra-dAna se pA yaza upazama-bhAva meM kahA, ki/tuma meM pAyasa nA hai tumhArA pAya sanA hai / " (pR. 364) chanda kI prathama paMkti meM 'pAyasa' kA artha jala hai| saMskRta ke payas' zabda mUla se pAyasa (jala) zabda vyutpanna huA hai| dUsarI paMkti meM prayukta 'pA yaza' vAkya 'pAyasa' zabda ke prathama akSara 'pA' ko pRthak karake mukta saMkramaNa kI prakriyA dvArA vyutpanna huA hai| 'pA yaza' kA artha hai yaza prApta kro| cauthI paMkti meM prayukta pAyasa nA' zabda meM 'nA' akSara jor3a kara mukta saMkramaNa kI prakriyA dvArA vyutpanna huA hai / 'pAyasa nA' kA artha huA apavitratA / antima paMkti meM prayukta pAya sanA' bhI 'pAyasa' zabda kI antima vyaMjana dhvani 'sa' ko 'nA' ke sAtha sambaddha karake mukta saMkramaNa kI prakriyA dvArA vyutpanna huA hai| 'pAya sanA' kA artha hai paira sanA huA hai / isa prakAra racanAkAra ne eka hI zabda se mukta saMkramaNa kI prakriyA dvArA ekAdhika zabda-rUpoM kI racanA karake pRthak-pRthak abhinava arthoM ko abhivyaMjita kiyA hai| "jIvana kA, na yApana hI/nayApana hai/aura/nayApana !"(pR. 381) chanda kI dUsarI paMkti meM prayukta 'nayApana' zabda 'nayA' vizeSaNa zabda meM 'pana' pratyaya jor3akara vyutpanna huA hai| yaha bhAvavAcaka saMjJA hai / 'nayApana' saMjJA zabda kI Arambhika vyaMjana dhvani ko mukta saMkramaNa kI prakriyA dvArA vicchinna karake 'na yApana' zabda vyutpanna huA / 'na yApana' kA artha huA guz2ArA na krnaa| 'nayApana' zabda kI racanA 'yApana' zabda mUla meM 'nai' Adi akSara kA prayoga karane se mukta saMkramaNa kI prakriyA dvArA huI hai| naiyApana kA artha huA naukA kA bhAva arthAt mukti / racanAkAra kA ukta zabdoM kI racanA-prakriyA se abhiprAya hai ki jIvana ke prati nissaMgatA kA bhAva hI jIvana kI navInatA tathA mukti kA sopAna hai / __"hama haiM kRpANa/hama meM kRpA na !" (pR. 73) 'kRpANa' zabda baddha saMkramaNa kI prakriyA dvArA vyutpanna astra vizeSa kA paricAyaka hai| 'Na' dhvani ko vartya 'na' meM badalane para tathA mukta saMkramaNa kI prakriyA dvArA pRthak likhane para kRpA na' zabda kI racanA huii| kRpA na' kA artha huA dayA athavA karuNA-zUnya / kRpANa dayAzUnya hotI hai / hiMsA meM karuNA, mAnavIya bhAva nahIM hai / yaha racanAkAra kA abhipreta hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 321 "mukha se bAhara nikalI hai rasanA /...bhautika jIvana meM rasa nA!" (pR. 180) ukta chanda meM 'rasanA' kA artha jihvA hai aura 'rasa nA' kA artha AnandAbhAva hai| isI prakAra "sva-pana "svapana 'sva-pana ...'' (pR. 186) meM pahale 'sva-pana' kA artha apanApana hai / dUsare 'svapa na' kA artha sonA nahIM arthAt jAganA hai| tIsare svapna kA artha sone meM bar3abar3AnA hai| "hameM nAga aura nAgina/nA gina, he varabhAgin !" (pR. 432) 'nAgina' baddha saMkramaNa tathA 'nA gina' mukta saMkramaNa kI prakriyA dvArA arthabhedaka hai| dvitva (dvitta) dhvani prayoga dvArA bhI 'mUkamATI' meM baddha tathA mukta saMkramaNa kI prakriyA dvArA abhinava arthoM kI sarjanA kI gaI hai| eka hI dhvani kA doharA prayoga dvitva (dvitta) kahalAtA hai| racanAkAra ne eka hI mUla zabda kI madhyavartI athavA do svaroM ke bIca kI dhvaniyoM ke dvitvIkaraNa dvArA baddha tathA mukta saMkramaNa kI prakriyA ko prazasta kiyA hai| nimnalikhita udAharaNoM meM yaha prakriyA draSTavya hai : "rAjasattA vaha rAjasatA kI/rAnI-rAjadhAnI banegI !'' (pR. 104) ukta chanda meM rAjasatA'zabda rajoguNa ke bhAva kA bodhaka hai| isameM vilAsa, mAdakatA tathA vikhaNDana kI prakriyA nihita hai| dvittIkaraNa kI prakriyA se vyutpanna 'rAjasattA' zabda rAjanaitika prabhutva kA paricAyaka hai / racanAkAra kA abhimata hai ki rAjasattA rAjasatA ke vibhAjana tathA vikhaNDana kI jananI hai| "mAnavattA se ghira jAtA hai/mAnavatA se gira jAtA hai|" (pR. 114) 'mAnavatA' zabda 'mAnava' jAtibodhaka saMjJA meM 'tA' pratyaya lagAne se vyutpanna huA hai| isakI 'ta' dhvani ko dvitva (dvitta) karane se mAnavattA' zabda vyutpanna huaa| 'mAnavattA' meM 'mAna' zabda mUla hai / mAnavattA kA artha hai sammAna yA mAna prApti kI bhaavnaa| racanAkAra kA kahanA hai ki sammAna yA pratiSThA prApti kI bhAvanA vyakti ko mAnavIya mUlyoM se girA detI hai| ___ saMyukta dhvani prayoga dvArA bhI 'mUkamATI' racanA meM baddha tathA mukta saMkramaNa kI prakriyA dvArA abhinava arthoM kI sRSTi huI hai / do pRthak dhvaniyoM kA sahaprayoga saMyuktatA kahalAtI hai| udAharaNa draSTavya hai : "kama balavAle hI/kambalavAle hote haiN|" (pR. 92) chanda ke dUsare zabda meM 'ma' tathA 'ba' dhvaniyoM ko saMyukta banA diyA gayA hai| kama balavAle' zabda mukta saMkramaNa kI prakriyA kA bodhaka hai| 'kambala vAle' zabda baddha saMkramaNa kI prakriyA kA paricAyaka hai / donoM pRthak-pRthak artha ke paricAyaka haiN| racanAkAra kA mata hai ki zaktihIna loga hI bAhya AvaraNoM, upAdAnoM tathA AdhAroM kA Azraya lete haiN| kahIM-kahIM ekala zabdoM kI punarAvRtti se bhI abhinava arthoM kI sarjanA huI hai / eka hI zabda do bAra prayukta hokara vyutpatti stara para alaga-alaga zabda-mUloM se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa abhinava arthoM ko vyakta karatA hai| nimnalikhita udAharaNoM se isa prakriyA ko samajhA jA sakatA hai : "bAta karatA vAta hai|" (pR. 90) prathama 'bAta' zabda vArtA zabda se vyutpanna hai tathA dUsarA 'vAta' zabda 'vo' yA 'vA' (vah) zabdamUla se vyutpanna hai| vAyu meM
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________________ 322 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA bhI 'vA' zabda mUla hai| 'pavana' meM 'po' zabda mUla hai / vo-po ekArthI haiN| "kara para kara do|" (pR. 174) pahale 'kara' kA artha hAtha hai tathA dUsare 'kara' kA artha Taiksa hai| "kyA vaha parasa kA parasa cAhegA?" (pR. 139) prathama 'parasa' zabda 'pArasa' zabda se sambaddha hai| dUsarA parasa' sparza zabda se vyutpanna hai / ukta prakAra ke zabdoM kI racanA samadhvanika prakriyA se sambaddha hai / vyutpatti prakriyA kI dRSTi se ukta prakAra ke samasvanika zabda alaga-alaga srotoM se sambaddha haiN| racanAkAra ne racanAgata kathya-saMvedanA ko sampreSita tathA abhivyaMjita karane ke lie zabda-nirmANa kI ukta prakriyA ko apanAyA hai| __ kahIM-kahIM racanAkAra ne zabdagata svara dhvaniyoM ko parivartita karake tathA anunAsikatA ke mAdhyama se bhI baddha tathA mukta saMkramaNa kI prakriyA ko prazasta kiyA hai / isa prakriyA se bhI eka hI zabda ke do rUpa alaga-alaga arthoM ko abhivyaMjita karate haiM, / yathA : "mahI mA~ ! kahA~ gaI/o vasanta kI mahimA ! kahA~ gaI ?" (pR. 177) 'mahI mA~' tathA 'mahimA' dhvani tathA anunAsikatA ke stara para alaga-alaga haiN| pahale kA artha pRthvI mA~ hai tathA dUsare kA artha mahimA (gaurava) Adi se hai| "pA~va natA se milatA hai/pAvanatA se khilatA hai|" (pR. 114) 'pAvanatA' zabda 'pAvana' zabda meM 'tA' pratyaya jor3ane se vyutpanna huA hai / 'pA~va natA' anunAsikatA ke kAraNa pRthak artha kI bodhaka bana gaI hai| 'pA~va natA' kA artha hai pairoM kA jhuknaa| vyutpanna zabda ke prayoga dvArA bhI baddha tathA mukta saMkramaNa kI prakriyA dvArA eka hI zabda ke do rUpoM se abhinava arthoM kI abhivyaMjanA huI hai / mUla zabda ke pahale tathA anta meM pratyaya jor3akara yaugika zabdoM kI racanA kI jAtI hai / 'mUkamATI' kAvyakRti meM racanAkAra ne vyutpanna zabdoM ke prayogoM dvArA bhI abhinava arthoM ko vyakta tathA spaSTa kiyA hai, yathA : "saMyama ke binA AdamI nahIM/yAnI/AdamI vahI hai jo yathA-yogya/sahI AdamI hai / " (pR. 64) Upara ke chanda meM racanAkAra ne 'AdamI' zabda ko 'A+dama+I' = 'AdamI' prakriyA se vyutpanna mAnA hai| 'damI' kA artha hai indriyoM ko niyantrita karane vAlA arthAt sNymii| 'A' pUrva pratyaya hai| 'A' kA artha hai pUrI taraha se yA samagra rUpa se| isa prakAra AdamI zabda kA artha huA samagra rUpa se sNymii| "jo vIra nahIM haiM, avIra haiM/una para kyA, unakI tasvIra para bhI abIra chiTakAyA nahIM jAtA !" (pR. 132) pahalA 'avIra' zabda 'vIra' zabda mUla meM 'a' pUrva pratyaya lagAne se vyutpanna huA hai / avIra kA artha hai jo vIra nahIM hai arthAt bhIru yA kAyara / dUsarA 'avIra' zabda sugandhita padArtha ke lie prayukta huA hai / racanAkAra bhIru tathA kAyaroM ko sammAnita
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 323 karanA apamAna samajhatA hai| 0 "mitroM se milI madada/yathArtha meM mada-da hotI hai|" (pR. 459) 0 "utAra do ise "tAra do !" (pR. 161) pahalI madada' kA artha sahAyatA hai| dUsarI 'mada-da' kA artha madAndha banAnA hai| isI prakAra 'tAra' zabda 'tR' zabda mUla se vyutpanna huA hai| 'tR' se 'tara' tathA 'tAra' zabda mUla vyutpanna hote haiN| 'tara' kA artha 'taranA' hai / 'utAra' zabda 'ud' yA 'ut+tAra' prakriyA se vyutpanna huA hai| ___ ukta kAvyaracanA meM yaugika zabdoM dvArA bhI baddha tathA mukta saMkramaNa kI prakriyA dvArA abhinava arthoM kI abhivyaMjanA huI hai, yathA : "agara bAtI ko agarabAtI kA/yoga nahIM milatA to"|" (pR. 134) 'agara bAtI' zabda mukta saMkramaNa tathA agarabAtI' baddha saMkramaNa kI prakriyA se sambaddha haiN| agara bAtI' yaugika zabda meM 'agara' pratibandhita vAkya racanA meM kriyA vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM prayukta huA hai| agarabAtI' meM agara zabda 'agaru' kA rUpAntara hai| "kisalaya ye kisalie/ kisa laya meM gIta gAte haiM ?" (pR. 141) pahalA 'kisalaya' baddha tathA dUsarA 'kisa laya' mukta saMkramaNa kI prakriyA ko dyotita karatA hai| pahale 'kisalaya' kA artha raktAbha-varNa ke komala pattoM se hai tathA dUsare 'kisa laya' kA artha kisa laya (gIta kI laya) meM hai| komala daloM kA pavana ke manda-manda jhokoM se Andolita hokara maramara kI dhvani karanA unakA gIta hai| "mara, hama 'marahama' baneM...!" (pR. 175) 'mara hama' mukta saMkramaNa kI prakriyA se hama marakara artha ko spaSTa kara rahA hai aura 'marahama' baddha saMkramaNa kI prakriyA se vyutpanna zabda haiN| donoM zabda saMkramaNa ke prabhedoM se pRthak-pRthak arthoM ko vyakta karate haiM : "maiM do galA"/isa se pahalA bhAva yaha nikalatA hai, ki/maiM dvibhASI hU~ bhItara se kucha bolatA hU~/bAhara se kucha aura"/paya meM viSa gholatA huuN| ....maiM dogalA/chalI, dhUrta, mAyAvI hU~ ...saba vibhAvoM-vikAroM kI jar3a/'maiM" yAnI/ahaM ko do galA-kara do samApta / " (pR. 175) uparyukta chanda meM racanAkAra ne mukta tathA baddha saMkramaNa kI prakriyA dvArA 'do galA' ke tIna artha spaSTa kie haiN| baddha saMkramaNa kI prakriyA kI dRSTi se dogalA zabda ke do artha haiM : 1. dvibhASI 2. kapaTI 'galA' zabda 'gal' zabda mUla se nikalA hai| gala kA artha hai bolanA, kahanA / paMjAbI meM gala kA artha hai vArtA / jahA~ socane tathA kahane meM ekarUpatA na ho, use dogalA kahate haiN| mukta saMkramaNa kI sthiti meM do galA kA artha hai galA do arthAt
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________________ 324 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA dravIbhUta kara do| "AsthA kahA~ hai samAjavAda meM tumhArI ? sabase Age maiM/samAja bAda meM!" (pR. 461) pahalA 'samAjavAda' baddha saMkramaNa kI prakriyA tathA dUsarA 'samAja bAda' zabda mukta saMkramaNa kI prakriyA se sambaddha hai| racanAkAra ne 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM zabdoM kI viloma prakriyA dvArA bhI navIna arthoM ko janma diyA hai / zabdoM kI yaha vilomatA zabdoM meM prayukta dhvaniyoM ke prayoga-sthAna ke parivartana se sambaddha hai / isakA sambandha vilomArthatA se nahIM hai| racanAkAra ne sAmAnya sAmAjika jIvana tathA prakRti se zabdoM kA cayana karake racanAstara para unakI vilomatA dvArA abhinava arthoM kI sRSTi kI hai| zabdoM ke sandarbha-parivartana dvArA ArthI-prakriyA prazasta hotI hai parantu yahA~ zabdoM kI vilomatA dvArA zabda kA prayoga-kSetra hI nahIM badalA hai apitu usameM nayA artha bhI vinyasta huA hai / sampUrNa racanA meM vilomatA kI prakriyA ke aneka udAharaNa vidyamAna haiN| kucha pramukha zabda-prayogoM dvArA vilomatA kI prakriyA ko bhI spaSTa kiyA hai| " 'kuM' yAnI dharatI/aura/'bha' yAnI bhAgya-/yahA~ para jo bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho/kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai|" (pR. 28) racanAkAra ne ukta chanda meM kumbhakAra ko dharatI yA miTTI ke bhAgya kA nirmAtA yA vidhAtA mAnA hai / yaha naI vyutpatti hai| sAmAnyata: kumbha ke ghar3A, jala, mor3a, hasta, Ter3hA Adi artha haiN| " 'gada' kA artha hai roga/'hA' kA artha hai hAraka maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA banUM/"basa, aura kucha vAMchA nahIM/gada-hA'"gadahA!" (pR. 40) 'gadhA' zabda saghoSatA tathA mahAprANatA ke sahaprayoga dvArA 'gadahA' rUpa meM vyutpanna huaa| 'gadhA' kA sAmAnya rUpa se 'mUrkha' artha meM prayoga hotA hai| kintu yahA~ para gadahA kA 'vaidya' artha abhinava hai| ___"rAhI bananA hI to/hIrA bananA hai,/svayaM rAhI zabda hI viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai-/raa"hii"hii"raa|" (pR. 57) 'rAha' banane kA artha huA Adarza yA mAnaka siddhAnta / aura 'rAhI' kA artha huA ina siddhAntoM kA prayoktA / Adarza mUlyoM tathA mAnyatAoM kA prayoktA hI 'hIrA' hai / yaha abhinava arthabodhaka prayoga hai| "rAkha bane binA/kharA-darzana kahA~?/rA"kha"kha"rA / " (pR. 57) racanAkAra ne avA meM prayukta lakar3iyoM kI rAkha ko, jisane kaccI miTTI ke ghar3e ko pUjAyogya kalaza banAyA hai, kharA (zuddha) mAnA hai / yaha abhinava arthabodhaka zabda hai| ___ "lAbha zabda hI svayaM/viloma rUpa se kaha rahA hai laa"m"bh"laa|" (pR. 87) 'lAbha' zabda 'lam' dhAtu se banA hai / lAbha kA artha hai prApta honA / jo vastu parizrama se prApta ho, usase sukha milatA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 325 hai / vaha bhalI mAnI jAtI hai / zabdoM kI naI vyutpati racanAkAra ne aneka zabdoM ke kathyagata bhAva ko vyakta karane ke lie abhinava vyutpatti kI hai / yaha vyutpatti dArzanika tathA AdhyAtmika arthoM ko abhivyaMjita karane ke lie kI gaI hai| sAmAnya rUpa se vyutpatti meM prAtipadika ko AdhAra mAnA jAtA hai / vyutpatti - prakriyA dvArA vyutpanna zabda prakRti meM pratyaya lagAkara banatA hai / prAtipadika mUlAMza kahalAtA hai / ise 'dhAtu' bhI kahate haiM, jo vyutpanna pratyeka zabda meM mUla rUpa se vidyamAna rahatI hai, yathA : " haritA harI vaha kisase ? / hari kI haritA phira kisa kAma kI rahI ?" (pR. 179) 'haritA' zabda harA + itA prakriyA se vyutpanna huA hai / 'haritA' kA artha hai hraapn| dUsare 'haritA' zabda kI vyutpatti hari+tA prakriyA se huI hai| 'haritA' kA artha huA prabhupanA / " trAhi mAM ! trAhi mAM !! trAhi mAM !!! / yoM cillAtA huA rAkSasa kI dhvani meM ro par3A / tabhI usakA nAma / rAvaNa par3A / " (pR. 98) 'rAvaNa' zabda 'rava' zabda mUla se vyutpanna huA hai / rava kA artha hai AvAz2a karanA / racanAkAra ne rakSArtha rudana ko rAvaNa mAnA hai| yaha abhinava artha hai / yaha zabda kI naI vyutpatti hai, vilomatA nahIM / ''na ari' nArI / athavA / ye ArI nahIM haiM / sonArI / " (pR. 202 ) na+ArI=nArI naI vyutpatti hai / 'nArI' kA artha huA ahiMsaka / "jo / 'maha' yAnI maMgalamaya mAhaula, mahotsava jIvana meM lAtI hai / 'mahilA' kahalAtI vaha / " (pR. 202 ) ukta vyutpatti ke anusAra 'mahilA' kalyANadAtrI hai / vastuta: 'mahilA' zabda meM 'magh' prAtipadika hai, jaise magharASTramahArASTra, vaise hI maghalA - maghilA / maghavA zabda indra ke lie AtA hai / ataH magha kA artha hai zakti, aizvarya / mahilA zaktimatI hai / vaha lalanA yA ramaNI nahIM hai / " jo ava yAnI / 'avagama' - jJAnajyoti lAtI hai, timira - tAmasatA miTAkara / jIvana ko jAgRta karatI hai 'abalA' kahalAtI hai vaha !... / 'aba' yAnI Agata- vartamAna meM lAtI hai / abalA kahalAtI hai vaha ! balA yAnI samasyA saMkaTa hai / na balA "so abalA !" (pR. 203 ) racanAkAra ne 'abalA' zabda kI ukta tIna prakAra kI vyutpattiyA~ kI haiN| tInoM kA apanA artha hai| nArI ke gaurava tathA maryAdA ko maNDita karatI haiM ye vyutpattiyA~ / abalA kA artha zaktihInA zRMgArapriya puruSa samAja kI dena hai / mAtRsattAtmaka samAja meM nArI jJAna, zakti tathA UrjA kA srota mAnI gaI hai| 'ava' kA artha prakAza hai / avA kA artha agni hai / abha zabda mUla se alpaprANIkaraNa dvArA ava zabda mUla vyutpanna huA hai / AbhA zabda bhI 'abha' se vyutpanna hai /
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________________ 326 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 66 'ku' yAnI pRthivI / 'mA' yAnI lakSmI / aura 'rI' yAnI denevAlI"/... kumArI rahegI / " (pR. 204) ukta vyutpatti se 'kumArI' zabda kA artha huA AdhAra tathA aizvarya pradAna karane vAlI / yaha navIna vyutpatti hai / 66 's' yAnI sama-zIla saMyama / 'trI' yAnI tIna artha haiM dharma, artha kAma- - puruSArthoM meM / puruSa ko kuzala saMyata banAtI hai so..'strI' kahalAtI hai / " (pR. 205 ) saMyama tathA puruSArtha pradAna karane vAlI 'strI' huii| isI se trI tathA tiriyA zabda nikalate haiM / inakA artha lajjA hai / "sukha-suvidhAoM kA srota "so - / 'sutA' kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 205) " do hita jisameM nihita hoM / vaha 'duhitA' kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 205 ) racanAkAra ne 'sutA' tathA 'duhitA' zabda kI lIka se haTakara naI vyutpattiyA~ kI haiN| sUnu tathA sutA evaM a~grejI kA sana eka hI zabda mUla 'sU-sa' (paidA honA, bonA) se vyutpanna hai / ye kRSi- - sabhyatA kA smaraNa dilAte haiN| 'ni' yAnI nija meM hI / 'yati' yAnI yatana - sthiratA hai apane meM lIna honA hI niyati hai / " (pR. 349) racanAkAra ne 'niyati' kA artha AtmalInatA, AtmakendritA mAnA hai / yaha abhinava vyutpatti hai / 66 " zrama kare " so zramaNa !" (pR. 362) 'zramaNa' kI yaha naI vyutpatti hai / zarmA, sarmana (Sermon ) tathA zramaNa zabdoM meM do prAtipadika mAne jA sakate haiM : 1. zrama 2. zama / " kalA zabda svayaM kaha rahA ki / 'ka' yAnI AtmA - sukha hai 'lA' yAnI lAnA - detA hai / " (pR. 396) yahA~ 'kalA' kA artha AtmAnanda mAnA hai / " samUha yAnI / sama - samIcIna Uha - vicAra hai|" (pR. 461) ukta vyutpatti bhI abhinava hai / uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki racanAkAra kA jJAna kSetra, prakRti paryavekSaNa, viSaya kI prakRti ke anusAra zabda-cayana tathA pratipAdya ke anusAra abhinava arthoM kI sarjanA bahuAyAmI rahI hai| racanAkAra ko sAhityakAra ke sAtha-sAtha tattvAnveSI, vyutpatti vijJAnI tathA bhASAvid bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai|
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________________ mRNmaya se cinmaya taka kI vikAsa-yAtrA : 'mUkamATI' pro. (DaoN.) vizvAsa pATIla manuSya kA jIvana vareNya hai aura zreSThatara hai usakA astitva, kyoMki yahA~ se santatva kI rAha hote hue nara ke nArAyaNa bana sakane kI maMz2ila taya kI jA sakatI hai| bhAratIya darzana apanI-apanI zabdAvalI meM isI cid-dhana-sattA kI parikramA karate hue dikhAI detA hai / bhASA, pradeza, zailI, saMketa ke nAnA rUpoM aura vibhinnatAoM ke hote hue bhI unakI antima gati eka hai, lakSya nizcita hai, AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki calane vAlA nizcinta ho / yaha tapatI pagaDaNDiyoM para pAdatrANa rahita yAtrA hai, paMcAgni sAdhanA hai| sAdhanA kA yaha mArga Aga kA dariyA hai / eka bindu kI mahAsindhu meM vilaya ho jAne kI yaha vikAsa-yAtrA sAdhanA kI yazasvI prakriyA hai| ___ santa mahAkavi kI pratibhA laghu se laghu meM bhI mahattara kA darzana kara sakatI hai| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI janmajAta varcasvI pratibhA ke yazasvI kalama-kalAdhara sAdhaka haiN| eka santa dArzanika kI yaha kavitA 'mUkamATI, mATI ko mukhara banAne kA anokhA abhiyAna hai / mUka adharoM para mantrazakti prerita karanA santa ke jIvana kI sahaja sAdhanA hai / santa ke jIvana kA yaha amRtaphala hai ki asambhAvanA ko nitya sambhAvanAoM se vaha bharapUra banA detA hai / viSaya to nimitta hI hotA hai unakI rasavarSiNI kalama ke lie| kavitA kA Arambha hotA hai jisa prAkRtika suSamA se, vaha mAnava muktimArga kA adbhuta maMgalAcaraNa hai : "nizA kA avasAna ho rahA hai/uSA kI aba zAna ho rahI hai|" (pR. 1) ina do paMktiyoM meM jAgaraNa kA sandeza hai / eka aisA jAgaraNa jo janmoM kI tandrA-nidrA se mukti dilA pada, patha aura pAtheya ke lie prArthanArata hote dikhAI detA hai / choTe-choTe bejAna pAtroM ke mAdhyama se calane vAle nATyamaya saMvAda isa kavitA kI zakti haiN| apane Apa ko laghu aura laghutama mAnanA hI prabhu ko gurutama mAna sakane kI pahacAna hai / sAdhaka kavi kI prajJA-pratibhA ko yaha jo talasparzI zakti mila pAI hai, isakA rahasya svayaM unhIM ke zabdoM meM vicAra aura AcAra kA aikya aura sAmya hai| kula cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita yaha kavitA yAtrA Arambha meM hI eka prakAra se apane mUla hetu kI udbhAvanA ina zabdoM meM karatI hai : "RSi-santoM kA/sadupadeza-sadAdeza/hameM yahI milA ki/pApI se nahIM pApa se/paMkaja se nahIM,/paMka se/ghRNA kro|/ayi Arya ! nara se/nArAyaNa bano/samayocita kara kArya / " (pR. 50-51) prakaTa rUpa se aura pratijJApUrvaka isa kAvya kI pIThikA dharma, darzana aura adhyAtma kI triveNI para AdhRta hai, phira bhI isa kI cintA manuSya ke jIvana kI tamAma sambhAvanAoM ko chUtI huI dikhAI detI hai| kavi kI nirantara gatizIla cintanadhArA isa yA usa rUpa meM sadaiva manuSya ke tamAma bandhoM-upabandhoM ko vyAkhyAyita karatI huI dikhAI detI hai| yahI vaz2aha hai ki Arambha meM dharma ke jhaNDe ko DaNDe meM badalate dekha jahA~ kavi kI pratibhA kAruNika ho jAtI hai, zAstra ko zastra bana jAte dekha cintita ho jAtI hai, vahIM AtaMkavAda kI tathAkathita vijaya para nae praznacihna lagAte hue bhI dikhAI detI hai| prazna kA samasta vistAra, tamAma dizAe~, sakala dizAbodha, parakhane kI acUka dRSTi hone ke kAraNa yaha kavitA mAtra
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________________ 328 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA dharma-darzana ke jaya-jayakAroM taka hI sImita nahIM raha jAtI apitu una dizAoM ko utkrAnta kara naI sva-sparzI sambhAvanAoM ke darzana karatI hai| vaha carcA aura cikitsA meM hI nahIM rama jAtI apitu usake vizleSaNa aura UhApoha se nizcita gantavya taka pahu~catI-pahu~cAtI bhI hai, aura yahI isa kavitA kI pRthak Atma vizeSatA ko rekhAMkita karanA samIkSaka kI anivAryatA ho jAtI hai| kavi kI qalama sataha para hI nahIM rukI rahatI, taha meM bhI utaratI hai / tabhI to 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kA AdhunikIkaraNa prastuta karate hue kahatI hai : "'vasu' yAnI dhana-dravya/'dhA' yAnI dhAraNa karanA/Aja/dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kaa|" (pR. 82) kaliyuga kI pahacAna karA dete hue kavi isIlie nirmama zabdoM meM kahate haiM ki jise sadA 'kharA' akharatA hai vaha hai kaliyuga kI mahimA aura sat-yuga meM burA bUrA'-sA lagatA hai / sat-yuga kI naI vyAkhyA prastuta karatA hai kavi mana: "sat-yuga ho yA kaliyuga/bAharI nahIM/bhItarI ghaTanA hai vaha sat kI khoja meM lagI dRSTi hI/sat-yuga hai, beTA!" (pR.83) ___ kavi kI mUla dRSTi nirantara caitanya kI khoja meM saMlagna hai / carcA to kavi anyAnya viSayoM kI karate bhI haiM lekina unakA cintana AdhyAtmika dRSTi binduoM se samanvita hI hai / kavi kI pratibhA ko daivI kesara-sparza hai, jisake kAraNa miTTI ko bhI pArasa meM badalane kI adbhuta kSamatA-kimiyAgirI unakI lekhanI meM hai| 'dayAvisuddho dhammo' yaha sandeza dekara kAvya kA prathama sarga samApta hotA hai aura nae bhAvabodha kI yAtrA Arambha hotI hai| dUsare sarga kI carcA mATI ke jIvana meM, mATI ke karuNAmaya kaNa-kaNa meM nUtana prANa phUMkane ke maMgalAcaraNa se Arambha hotI hai| apane vivecana ke lie kavi pratibhA rAmAyaNa (jaina vAGmaya ke rAmacarita pratipAdaka grantha 'padmapurANa' kI kathA) se anekAneka sandarbha lete hue dikhAI detI hai| AcAryapravara vidyAsAgarajI ne apane sadupadeza ko itane AsAna zabdoM meM samajhAyA hai ki vizvavidyAlaya kA adhyApaka ho yA be-par3hA kisAna bhI use samAna tanmayatA se jAna-samajha sakatA hai / eka hI udAharaNa draSTavya hai : "apane ko chor3akara/para-padArtha se prabhAvita honA hI moha kA pariNAma hai/aura/saba ko chor3akara apane Apa meM bhAvita honA hI/mokSa kA dhAma hai|" (pR. 109-110) isI prakaraNa meM kavi ne sthira mana ko mahAmantra kI upAdhi dete hue asthira mana ko pApatantra - svacchanda kahA hai / zAnti kI zvAsa lenevAlA sArthaka jIvana hI zAzvata sAhitya kI nirmiti kara sakatA hai, yaha batAkara sAhitya ke sandarbha meM apanI kavitA kA arghya ina zabdoM meM diyA hai : "hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai aura sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai,/artha yaha huA ki jisa ke avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava-sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai/anyathA,/surabhi se virahita puSpa-sama
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 329 sukha kA rAhitya hai vaha/sAra-zUnya zabda-jhuNDa..!" (pR. 111) sAhitya ke sandarbha meM isa suspaSTa uddharaNa ko uddhRta karane kA sAfa artha yaha hai ki isa kavitA ko mAtra dhArmika, AdhyAtmika yA dArzanika mAnakara sAhitya ke AMgana se dUra na rakhA jaae| sudhI samIkSaka tathA suvicArI pAThaka isa uddharaNa ke AdhAra para jaba munivarajI ke kAvya kA rasAsvAda lene ke lie kaTibaddha hogA, taba use bhI jIvana ke raMgoMrasoM se bharapUra yaha kavitA tana-mana-buddhi ko apAra AhlAda denevAlI lgegii| munivarajI ne saMgIta kI mahattA bhI svIkAra kI hai| unakI dRSTi meM to sArA jIvana hI saMgIta hai / kavi saMgAtIta ko saMgIta mAnate haiM aura aMgAtIta ko prIti mAnate haiN| unakI dRSTi meM unakA saMgI saMgIta sapta-svaroM se atIta hai| yaha kabIra kI bhASA meM 'bina ghana parata phuhAra' hai / yaha saMgIta-sAdhanA kA prameya hai| rasasiddha kavIzvara munivarajI ne kumbhakAra ke ghUmate pahie ko dekha sAdhaka jIvana kA apUrva sUtra udghATita kiyA hai : "paridhi kI ora dekhane se/cetana kA patana hotA hai/aura parama-kendra kI ora dekhane se/cetana kA jatana hotA hai|" (pR. 162) yahI vaha sUtra hai / isakA spaSTIkaraNa dete hue kavi kahate haiM : "paridhi meM bhramaNa hotA hai/jIvana yU~ hI guz2ara jAtA hai kendra meM ramaNa hotA hai/jIvana sukhI naz2ara AtA hai|" (pR. 162) nitAnta sahaja bhAva se sAdhaka jIvana kA eka camakadAra motI hamArI hathelI meM manda smita ke sAtha rakhate hue kahate haiM : "aura suno,/yaha eka sAdhAraNa-sI bAta hai ki/cakkaradAra patha hI, Akhira gagana cUmatA/agamya parvata-zikhara taka/pathika ko pahuMcAtA hai bAdhA-bina bezaka !" (pR. 162) 'mUkamATI' ke sAdhaka kavi spaSTata: anekAntavAda - syAdvAda ke prabala samarthaka haiM / 'hI' ekAntavAdI svaraghoSa hai, 'bhI' anekAntavAda kA pratIka hai| 'hI' pazcimI sabhyatA kA pakSadhara hai jaba ki 'bhI' bhAratIya saMskRti kA amRtakumbha aura bhAgyavidhAtA hai / rAvaNa ko 'hI' kA tathA rAma ko 'bhI' kA upAsaka mAnate hue kavi-cetanA kahatI hai ki 'bhI' ke AsapAsa bhIr3a bar3hatI-sI lagatI hai| jaba taka 'bhI' kI zvAsa abAdha rUpa se calatI rahegI, tabhI taka loka meM lokatantra kA nIr3a surakSita rhegaa| 'bhI' se hI sadAcAra, sadvicAra tathA svatantratA ke sapane sAkAra ho uThate haiM aura svacchandatA-madAndhatA miTatI hai| 'hI' dUsare ko hInadRSTi se dekhatA hai , vastu kI zakla-bAhyarUpa ko hI pakar3a pAtA hai aura 'bhI' saba ko samIcIna dRSTi se dekha vastu ke bhItarI bhAga ko bhI chU sakatA hai| yahI samajhAte hue kavi prabhu se prArthanA karate haiM : " 'hI' se hIna ho jagat yaha/abhI ho yA kabhI bhI ho 'bhI' se bheMTa sabhI kI ho|" (pR. 173) dUsare sarga kA samApana tapa ke mahattva ke sAtha karate hue kavi ne jIvana kI raga-raga meM rasa ke rakta-sama ramane kI
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________________ 330 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kathA kahI hai| tRtIya sarga kA maMgalAcaraNa AcAra patha se jur3A huA hai / para-sampadA kI ora dRSTi jAnA ajJAna hai aura parasampadA haraNa kara usakA saMgraha karanA moha-mUrchA kA atireka hai / santoM ke patha kI rahasyamayI carcA karate hue munivarajI kahate haiM ki sarvasahA honA hI jIvana meM sarvasva pAnA hai| isI pIThikA para kavi ke ye prazna uThate-ubharate haiM aura apanA samAdhAna cAhate haiM : "kyA sadaya-hRdaya bhI Aja/pralaya kA pyAsA bana gayA ? kyA tana-saMrakSaNa hetu/dharma hI becA jA rahA hai ? kyA dhana-saMvardhana hetu/zarma hI becI jA rahI hai ?" (pR. 201) nizcita hI yaha carcA-cintA ihaloka kI hai| hamAre yahA~ eka aisI vicitra mAnyatA ghara kara gaI hai ki sAdhu ko ihaloka kI cintA nahIM karanI caahie| ekAnta sevana kA dharma bhale hI mokSamArga ke lie unnAyaka siddha hotA ho lekina dharma ko dhAraNa karane vAlA mAnatA hai-"dhAraNAt dharma ityAhu"! to samUha kI carcA-cintA se hI use jor3akara dekhanAparakhanA hogA / isI sandarbha meM nArI ke nAnA rUpoM kI jo mahimAmayI AratI kavi ne utArI hai vaha svayaM kavi kI zabdAvalI meM hI par3hanA z2arUrI hai (dekheM, pR. 201-208) / nArI ke vibhinna garimAmaya rUpoM kI suramya jhA~kI citrita karane vAlA kavi kA sAdhaka mana kahatA hai ki abalA ke abhAva meM sabala puruSa bhI nirbala banatA hai / yaha samajha lene para hI strI ko kula-paramparA-saMskRti kA sUtradhAra na banAne ke AgrahI vicAra kA acUka Akalana ho sakatA hai| yaha svaccha rUpa meM paramparAvAdI cintana hai aura vaha hamezA samanvayI hI hotA hai / yaha kahanA eka hI tathya ko do zailiyoM meM kahanA tRtIya sarga kA samApana karate hue sAdhaka kavi ne samajhAyA hai ki sAdhaka kI antara-dRSTi meM jala aura jvalanazIla anala meM antara zeSa rahatA hI nhiiN| sAdhanA kI yAtrA nirantara bheda se abheda kI ora, veda se aveda kI ora bar3hanI hI cAhie, kyoMki yAtrA kA nAma hI nirantaratA hai / yAtrA kA artha aruka-athaka calanA hI to hai| 'mUkamATI' kA antima sarga apane Apa meM sarvathA svatantra sthAna, mAhAtmya tathA garimA rakhane vAlA hai| isakA maMgalAcaraNa 'saMyamaH khalu jIvanam' kA kAvyAtmaka udghoSa karatA hai : "niyama-saMyama ke sammukha/asaMyama hI nahIM, yama bhI apane ghuTane Teka detA hai,/hAra svIkAranA hotI hai|" (pR. 269) isa saMyamI jIvana kI pahacAna hai apane Apa ko parakhanA, apanI parIkSA lenA, kyoMki parIkSaka banane se pUrva parIkSA meM pAsa honA anivArya hai, anyathA vaha upahAsa kA pAtra banegA : " 'sva' yAnI sampadA hai,/sva hI vidhi kA vidhAna hai ___sva hI nidhi-nidhAna hai/sva kI upalabdhi hI sarvopalabdhi hai|" (pR. 340) sAdhaka kavi puruSArtha aura AzAvAda ke sAtha AzIrvAda kI bhI kAmanA karate haiN| ve apane meM lIna hone ko 'niyati' mAnate haiN| AtmA ko chor3akara sabhI padArthoM ko vismRta karanA hI sahI puruSArtha' samajhate haiN| isI sandarbha meM prANimAtra ke dharma ko samajhAte hue kavi kahate haiM ki apanAnA apanatva pradAna karatA hai aura apane se bhI prathama para ko samajhanA sabhyatA hai / nIca ko Upara uThAyA jA sakatA hai / ucita samparka se saba meM parivartana sambhava hai / UrdhvamukhI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 331 jIvanazailI kavi ke sAdhaka mana kI vizeSatA hai / ve manuSya ko sambhAvanAoM kI AhaTa pahacAnane kA Agraha karate haiN| munivara kavi kI cetanA prabuddha hai isIlie ve DaMke kI coTa para kaha sakate haiM ki pApabharI prArthanA se prabhu kadApi prasanna nahIM hote| pApa ko tyAga dene se hI vaha pAvana prasanna hotA hai / isI pariprekSya meM kalA kA jIvana meM sthAna evaM mahattva samajhAte hue ve kahate haiM ki kalA se manuSya kA jIvana sukha, zAnti, sampannatA se bhara jAtA hai| phira vaha cAhe kalA kA koI bhI rUpa kyoM na ho / kalA kA artha unhoMne yoM vizleSita kiyA hai : " 'ka' yAnI AtmA-sukha hai/'lA' yAnI lAnA-detA hai/koI bhI kalA ho kalA mAtra se jIvana meM sukha-zAnti-sampannatA AtI hai|" (pR. 396) AtaMkavAda ke virodha meM kavi kI vajralekhanI jaba g2araz2a uThatI hai tabhI ve AtaMkavAda kA anta aura anantavAda kA zrIgaNeza kI bAta karate haiM / mAtra samAjavAda, samAjavAda cillAne se vyakti samAjavAdI nahIM bana sakatA, yaha samajhAte hue kavi-pratibhA samAjavAda kI naI vyAkhyA karate hue ina paMktiyoM kA sRjana karatI hai : "samAja kA artha hotA hai samUha/aura/samUha yAnI sama-samIcIna Uha-vicAra hai/jo sadAcAra kI nIMva hai| kula milA kara artha yaha huA ki/pracAra-prasAra se dUra prazasta AcAra-vicAra vAloM kA/jIvana hI samAjavAda hai|" (pR. 461) jIvana ananta sambhAvanAoM se bharapUra hai aura usa artha meM prastuta kavitA bhI ananta sambhAvanAoM se otaprota hai| AlocakIya dRSTi jaba isa kavitA ke mahAkAvya hone kI carcA karegI to zuSka-niyamoM ke AdhAra para ise mahAkAvya nahIM mAna pAegI / yaha kavitA niyamoM ko utkrAnta karate hue jItI hai| kavirmanISI paribhUH svayambhUH' isa nyAya se bhI kavi svatantracetA, sarvathA mukta aura ni:saMga hotA hai| usa kavitA ko racane vAlI qalama to agni-parIkSA de kundanasI camacamAtI huI hai / jahA~ taka kavitA' kA prazna hai vahA~ isa kavitA ke anekAneka uddharaNa prastuta kara usakI mahimA ko acUka zabdoM meM abhivyakti dI jA sakatI hai| do-eka udAharaNa draSTavya haiM : "rati-pati-pratikUlA-mativAlI/pati-mati-anukUlA gativAlI isase pichalI, bicalI badalI ne/palAza kI ha~sI-sI sAr3I pahanI gulAba kI AbhA phIkI par3atI jisase/lAla pagatalI vAlI lAlI-racI padminI kI zobhA sakucAtI hai jisase,/isa badalI kI sAr3I kI AbhA vaha jahA~-jahA~ gaI calI/phisalI-phisalI, badalI vahA~ kI AbhA bhii|"(pR.199-200) eka udAharaNa aura : "malayAcala kA candana/aura/cetohAriNI/cA~da kI camakatI cA~danI bhI citta se calI gaI uchalI-sI kahIM/merI sparzA para Aja !" (pR. 85) aura yaha par3hie eka uddharaNa : "rajata-siMhAsana para/rajavirahita prabhu kI rajatapratimA aparAjitA virAjita hai|" (pR. 312) /
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________________ 332 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kavitA kA bhAva aura kAvya kI lakSya-pUjA kavi ne to vaise bhI bA~dhI nahIM hI hai| unakA sArA dhyAna kumbha ke jIvana vikAsa kI kahAnI ke mAdhyama se mRNmaya kA cinmaya kI yAtrA para cala par3ane kA adbhuta saMketa karAnA hai| apanI tarAzI huI lekhanI ke mAdhyama se anaginata udAharaNoM, dRSTAntoM, kAvya saMketoM, alaMkAroM ke mAdhyama se unhoMne apanI bAta ko puSpita-pallavita kiyA hai / uparokta uddharaNa kavitA ke rasika premiyoM ke lie bhI upAdeya haiM, mananIya haiN| munivarajI kI qalama jisa satya kA sAttvika anusandhAna kara rahI hai use zabdoM meM bA~dhanA AsAna kAma nahIM hai| antatogatvA zabdoM para vizvAsa lAne se hI maMz2ila para vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegii| taba astitva kI tamAma dizAe~ anastitva ke gahanAkAza meM vilIna ho jAe~gI / maMgalamaya vAtAvaraNa cahu~ ora chA jAegA aura taba jAgegI prArthanA, jo mUka oThoM meM navajAgaraNa kA sandeza jagAegI, vaizvika satya kI sAdhanA meM lIna rahegI aura 'sarve bhavantu sukhina:' kA mahAprasAda paramakRpAlu prabhu se mA~gegI / yaha divya caitanya bodha hI kavi kA antastala hai jo apAra karuNA se jhilamila karatA hai / kavi kI maMgala kAmanA ke zabda haiM : "yahA~ saba kA sadA/jIvana bane maMgalamaya/chA jAve sukha-chA~va, sabake saba TaleM-/amaMgala-bhAva,/saba kI jIvana latA harita-bharita viha~sita ho/guNa ke phUla vilasita hoM nAzA kI AzA miTe/AmUla mahaka uThe/"basa !" (pR. 478) pRSTha 355 yaha lekhanI bhI.... hamArI bhI yahI bhAvanA hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya : jIvana kA udbodhana DaoN. (zrImatI) mahAzvetA caturvedI 'mUkamATI' eka aise kavi kA mahAkAvya hai jo mAtra kavi nahIM, apitu antarmukhI pravRttiyoM kA sAdhaka hai, jo apanI AdhyAtmika dharohara ke sAtha cira ananta yAtrA para calatA huA, mukti kA amara gAyaka hai / isa kRti ke racayitA AcArya vidyAsAgarajI jaina darzana ke tattvajJa manISI haiM, isake sAtha hI 'yathAnAma tathAguNAH' kI ukti sArthaka siddha karate hue vidyA ke sAgara haiM, tathA isa vidyA ke sAgara ko ajJAna kI lahareM sparza bhI nahIM kara sakatIM / svayaM hI vidyA kA sAgara hai, vaha apane lekhana dvArA jJAnAmRta kA prasAraka hai, aisA jJAna, jo mAnava ko bhavasAgara se pAra utAra sakatA hai / vastutaH vidyA kA lakSya hai jIva ko AtmajJAna kI ora prerita karanA - " vidyA hi kA ? brhmgtiprdaay|" 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA sRjana hindI sAhitya ke lie eka anokhI upalabdhi hai / yaha sRjana apane DhaMga kA anokhA mahAkAvya hai / tuccha vastu ko mahAkAvya kA viSaya banAkara use udbodhaka siddha karanA kisI bhI sukavi mahIyasI vizeSatA hotI hai / isa mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' ko AdyopAnta par3hane ke bAda kabIra kI paMktiyA~ hRdaya gUMjane lagI : "mATI kahe kumhAra se, tU kyoM rU~dhe mohi / ika dina aisA AyegA, maiM rU~hU~gI tohi / " meM jisa mATI ko tuccha samajhakara yaha vivekI mAnava pada dalita banAtA hai, antata: usI mATI meM eka dina vaha svayaM bhI vilaya ho jAtA hai / ghar3e ke nirmANa sopAna aneka haiM- kumbhakAra dvArA miTTI ekatrita karanA, usameM jala mizraNa karanA, rauMdanA, piNDa banAnA, cAka para car3hAnA, ghumAnA, sukhAnA, punaH ave para car3hAnA, tapAnA, utAranA, punaH parIkSaNa karake unheM rakhanA / 'kumbha' banane kI ye sArI dazAe~ jIvana yAtrA kI paricAyaka haiN| jIvana kI dazAe~ haiMjanma, bar3hanA, parivartana, vikAsa, kSaya honA tathA vinAza : " jAyate, asti, vipariNamate, vardhate, apakSIyate, vinazyati / " janma lenA, bar3hanA, parivartana tathA ave para car3hAyA jAnA - pratyeka jIvana kI saMgharSa yAtrA kI kahAnI hai / vastuta: agni meM tapa kara hI sone meM nikhAra AtA hai| isI prakAra mAnavIya jIvana meM bhI tapa kara hI nikhAra AtA hai evaM candana bhI ghisa - ghisa kara cAru saurabha pradAna karatA hai : " dagdhaM dagdhaM punarapi puna: kaMcanaM kAntavarNam / dhRSTaM dhRSTaM punarapi punaH candanaM cArugandham // " 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hai / isa mahAkAvya kA prathama khaNDa mATI kI prAthamika dazA ke parizodhana kI prakriyA ko vyakta karatA hai| maMgala ghaTa kA sArthaka rUpa pAne ke lie Avazyaka hai ki use kUTa chAnakara parimArjita kiyA jAe : 64 'isa prasaMga se / varNa kA Azaya / na raMga se hai / na hI aMga se varan/ cAla-caraNa, DhaMga se hai|" (pR. 47) prathama khaNDa kA prakRti varNana ullekhanIya hai : " abalA bAlAyeM saba / taralA tArAyeM aba, / chAyA kI bhA~ti apane patideva/candramA ke pIche-pIche ho/chupI jA rahIM / " (pR. 2) mATI kA hRdayagrAhI mAnavIkaraNa spandita karatA hai, jaba vaha mA~ dharatI ke sammukha apane udgAra vyakta
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________________ 334 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA karatI hai : "svayaM patitA hU~ / aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se, ...adhama pApiyoM se/pada- dalitA hU~ mA~ ! " (pR. 4) prathama khaNDa ke anya mahattvapUrNa vicAra bindu haiM- saMgati ke prabhAva ko sUcita karanA (pR. 8), jIvana ke kaTu satyoM ko udghATita karanA (pR. 11), sampreSaNa kI mImAMsA karanA (pR. 22), sarala niSkaluSa jIvana kI sArthakatA, tathA jIvana kI viDambanA (pR. 4) ko siddha karanA aadi| 'mUkamATI' nAmaka mahAkAvya kA dvitIya khaNDa hai- 'zabda so bodha nahIM: bodha so zodha nhiiN|' mATI khodane kI prakriyA meM kumbhakAra kI kudAlI eka kA~Te ke mAthe para jA lagatI hai, jisase usakA sira lahUluhAna ho jAtA hai, kintu vaha badalA lene kI socatA hai tathA kumbhakAra ko apanI asAvadhAnI para glAni hotI hai, ata: vaha kahatA hai - " khammAmi, khamaMtu me / " isI khaNDa meM santa kavi ne aneka AyAmoM para gambhIra cintana pradAna kiyA hai| nava rasoM ko paribhASita karane ke sAtha-sAtha saMgIta para bhI AdhyAtmikatA kA raMga car3hA diyA hai: "merA saMgI saMgIta hai/sapta-svaroM se atIta ..!" (pR. 145) tattvadarzana to isa kRti meM pade pade hai / 'utpAda - vyaya - dhauvyayuktaM sat' sUtra kA vyAvahArika bhASA meM camatkArI anuvAda kiyA hai : "AnA, jAnA, lagA huA hai / AnA yAnI janana- utpAda hai jAnA yAnI maraNa - vyaya hai / lagA huA yAnI sthira - dhrauvya hai aura/ hai yAnI cira - sat / yahI satya hai yahI tathya..!" (pR. 185) vastutaH uccAraNa mAtra 'zabda' hai, zabda kA artha samajhanA 'bodha' tathA bodha kA anubhUti meM AcaraNa karanA 'zodha' hai / isa mahAkAvya ke tIsare khaNDa kA zIrSaka hai-- 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana / ' mana, vacana aura karma / ka kI pavitratA se sampAdita zubhakarma loka kalyANakArI hote haiM : "svayaM dharatI ne sIpa ko prazikSita kara / sAgara meM preSita kiyA hai|" (pR. 193) isa khaNDa meM kumbhakAra ne mATI kI vikAsa kathA ke mAdhyama se puNya karma ke sampAdana se utpanna mahatI upalabdhi kA cAru citraNa kiyA hai| - isa mahAkAvya ke caturtha khaNDa kA viSaya hai--'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha / ' kumbha ko ave meM tapAne kI prakriyA kAvyamayI hai / agni se kaccA ghar3A kahatA hai : " mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI / mujhe jilAnA hai sva-para doSoM ko jalAnA / parama- dharma mAnA hai santoM ne / " (pR. 277) isa caturtha khaNDa ke vistRta phalaka meM aneka kathA prasaMga samAhita haiM / kumbhakAra ave meM tape kumbha ko sollAsa bAhara nikAlatA hai / isI kumbha ko kumbhakAra zraddhAlu seTha ke sevaka ke hAthoM meM samarpita karatA hai| le jAne se pUrva vaha usa kumbha ko sAta bAra bajAtA hai taba sAta svara usameM se pratidhvanita hote haiM : " sA re ga ma yAnI / sabhI prakAra ke du:kha / pa dha yAnI ! pada - svabhAva aura/ni yAnI nahIM, / du:kha AtmA kA svabhAva-dharma nahIM ho sakatA / " (pR. 305 )
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 335 bAta meM se bAta kI udbhAvanA kA, tattva cintana ke U~ce choroM ko dekhane-sunane kA, laukika tathA pAralaukika jijJAsAoM evaM anveSaNoM tathA tattvajJAna se sambandhita aneka tathyoM kA AgAra hai yaha caturtha khnndd| svarNa kalaza udvigna hai, kyoMki kathA nAyaka ne usakI upekSA karake miTTI ke ghar3e ko Adara kyoM diyA hai| isa apamAna kA pratizodha lene ke lie svarNa kalaza eka AtaMkavAdI dala bulAtA hai, jo Ate hI parivAra meM AtaMka lIlA Arambha kara detA hai, tathA seTha apane parivAra kI rakSA kaise karatA hai, isa saba kA citraNa nATakIyatA se paripUrNa hai / AtaMkavAda ke prAsaMgika citraNa meM suvijJa kavi vidyAsAgarajI ne AtaMkavAda ko jIvana kA abhizApa batAte hue usase ubarane kI preraNA dI hai- "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda/zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI/dharatI yaha" (pR. 441) / sAdhu kI vandanA ke bAda svayaM AtaMkavAda kahatA hai : "he svAmin !/samagra saMsAra hI/duHkha se bharapUra hai,/yahA~ sukha hai, para vaiSayika aura vaha bhI kSaNika !/yaha "to''anubhUta huA hameM,/parantu akSaya sukha para/vizvAsa ho nahIM rahA hai|" (pR. 484-485) guru cAhe kitane upadeza kareM, kintu kalyANa puruSa yatna se hI sambhava hai| yaha mahAkAvya zilpa kI dRSTi se bhI ullekhanIya hai / yahA~ zabdAlaMkAra aura arthAlaMkAra kI chaTA mahanIya hai| kavi ke lie atizaya AkarSaNa hai zabda kA / isa mahAkAvya meM aneka zabda aise Ae haiM jinake pratyeka akSara kA eka nUtana artha udghATita karanA vilakSaNa pratibhA kA paricAyaka hai : "kalA zabda svayaM kaha rahA ki/'ka' yAnI AtmA-sukha hai 'lA' yAnI lAnA-detA hai" (pR. 396) 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM aneka aise sthala haiM, jahA~ zabda kI dhvani aneka sAmyoM kI pratidhvani meM arthAntarita ho rahI hai| udAharaNasvarUpa : "yuga ke Adi meM/isakA nAmakaraNa huA hai/kumbhakAra ! 'kuM' yAnI dharatI/aura/'bha' yAnI bhAgya-/yahA~ para jo bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho/kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai|" (pR. 28) kinhI prasaMgoM ke ativistAra ne isa kRti ko kahIM-kahIM ubAU banA diyA hai| 'AtaMkavAda' kA varNana ati vistAravAdI hai| isake sAtha hI yaha kRti darzana aura adhyAtma se bojhila hai| kalpanA ke sukumAra kalevara se jhA~katA darzana Ama pAThakoM ko Andolita karatA hai / kintu yaha bhI satya hai ki adhyAtma aura darzana ke prAcurya ne isa kRti kI kAvyAtmakatA kA nAza nahIM kiyA hai| yadi 'mUkamATI' nAmaka mahAkAvya ko 'jIvana kA udbodhana' kaheM to atyukti nahIM hogI, kyoMki isa kRti kA lakSya mAnava ko mAyA ke andhakAra se jAgrata karanA hai / mATI yadyapi mUka pratIta hotI hai kintu vyathA kathA ko chipAkara bhI sArthaka jIvana kI pahacAna hai tathA svarNa kalaza kI tulanA meM 'kumbha' adhika mUlyavAn hai / mATI hI sone ko upajAtI hai, svarNa 'miTTI' kA janmadAtA nhiiN| isa mahAkAvya kA darzana nikhila mAnava jAti kA udbodhana miTTI ke ghar3e ke mAdhyama se karatA pratIta ho rahA hai| mAnavIya jIvana kA yaha kumbha apane satkAryoM ke svarNa se, sAdhanA ke dvArA hI Alokita ho sakatA hai| ____ samIkSya kRti 'mUkamATI' kI bhASA prasAda guNamayI hai / santa kavi vidyAsAgarajI ne sarvatra saMskRtaniSTha evaM sAhityika hindI kA prayoga kiyA hai| yaha mahanIya kRti manISiyoM meM nizcaya hI samAdRta hogii|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : bhAvoM ke bindu, rekhAe~ aura tala pro. lakSmI candra jaina 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya yA khaNDa kAvya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara muni mahArAja kI eka adbhuta kRti hai jisameM AtmA ke bhavya pariNAmoM kI sazakta lahareM apratima zailI meM abhivyakti pA sakI haiM / mUkamATI nAyaka aura zilpI adhinAyaka ke Alambana dvArA prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti se lekara arvAcIna saMskRti kA bhAvAtmaka evaM samagra citraNa gaharI, atyanta gahana anubhUtimaya sAdhanoM dvArA prastuta kiyA gayA hai| abhI taka hindI meM aisI maulika racanA dekhane meM nahIM AI hai jisameM vyaktivAda, samAjavAda, AtaMkavAda Adi aneka ulajhe-sulajhe vAdoM kA saMvAdoM evaM visaMvAdoM, bhASA evaM abhASA tathA bhAvoM aura abhAvoM dvArA spaSTatama vizleSaNa kiyA gayA ho / sAtha hI dharma nIti, artha nIti, kAma nIti, rAja nIti, mokSa nIti kA yathAyogya sthAnoM para surItiyA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra AtmA kI anAdi se anta taka kI kahAnI ko gAgara meM sAgara bharakara eka rUhAnI jahA~ kI prastuti apane Apa meM eka paireDigma ziphTa (Paradigm shift) hai jo yuga-yugAntaroM meM hI durlabhatA se dekhane meM AtA hai / mahAn tapasvI evaM kavihRdaya AcAryazrI ne satya mahAvrata se saMlagna, Adhunika prasaMgayukta aise satya ko hita-mita-priya rUpa meM isa kRti meM AvirbhAvita kiyA hai jisake sambandha meM kahA jAtA hai : "Truth is a trial of itself, And needs no other touch, And purer than the purest gold, Refine it never so much." vastuta: mukti mArga to kaMTakAkIrNa hai hI, usakA nirUpaNa bhI kalA, vijJAna aura tantra kA saMyukta prayAsa huA karatA hai jisameM AcAryazrI kI lekhanI anadekhe, anajAne, anasune rUpa se siddhahasta hai| mere jaise gaNitajJa evaM vaijJAnika ko isameM kyA upalabdha ho sakatA hai, dikhAI diyA hai, usakI eka jhalaka denA Avazyaka to hai hI, preraNAspada bhI ho sakatA hai| preraNAspada sAhitya hI cirajIvI (Classical) evaM amara huA karatA hai aura vizvavidyAlayoM meM hara zobhA ko prApta kara letA hai| hama isake khaNDaza: kucha aMza uddhRta karate hue una gaharAiyoM aura U~cAiyoM ke bindu, rekhApatha tathA taloM ko sparza karate caleMge jo musAphira ko apanI maMz2ila taka pahu~cane meM apane mArga meM milate cale jAte haiN| yahA~ pariNAmoM kI, bhAvoM kI pahu~ca ke mApadaNDa kyA hoM, yaha to apanI-apanI ruci kA hI prazna banakara raha sakatA hai| ____ sandhikAla kA apanA vizeSa mahattva hai aura sandhi zreyasI kI pahacAna, durabhi-sandhi ke abhAva rUpa prastuti yaha "na nizAkara hai, na nizA/na divAkara hai, na divA/abhI dizAyeM bhI andhI haiM; para kI nAsA taka/isa gopanIya vArtA kI gandha/"jA nahIM sakatI! aisI sthiti meM/unake mana meM/kaise jAga sakatI hai/""durabhi-sandhi vaha !" (pR.3) bhAvadhArA yA manohRdaya dhArA, saMgati guNa se aneka rUpa phalita hotI calI jAtI hai jo jIvana dhArA kA rUpa
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________________ letI hai : " aura yaha bhI dekha ! / kitanA khulA viSaya hai ki / ujalI-ujalI jala kI dhArA bAdaloM se jharatI hai/ dharA- dhUla meM A dhUmila ho / dala-dala meM badala jAtI hai| vahI dhArA yadi / nIma kI jar3oM meM jA milatI / kaTutA meM DhalatI hai; sAgara meM jA giratI / lavaNAkara kahalAtI hai/ vahI dhArA, beTA ! viSadhara mukha meM jA / viSa-hAlA meM DhalatI hai; / sAgarIya zuktikA meM giratI, yadi svAti kA kAla ho,/ muktikA bana kara / jhilamilAtI beTA, vahI jalIya satA .!" (pR. 8) phisalana hone para abhaya dilAne vAlI paMktiyA~ ye haiM : mUkamATI-mImAMsA : : 337 " bhale hI vaha / AsthA ho sthAyI / ho dRr3hA, dRr3hatarA bhI / tathApi prAthamika dazA meM / sAdhanA ke kSetra meM / skhalana kI sambhAvanA pUrI banI rahatI hai, beTA ! / svastha - prauDha puruSa bhI kyoM na ho kAI-lage pASANa para/pada phisalatA hI hai !" (pR. 11 ) saMpreSaNa Aja ke yuga meM atyadhika mahattva ko prApta huA hai, jisakI paribhASA kavi ne isa prakAra dI hai : "vicAroM ke aikya se / AcAroM ke sAmya se / sampreSaNa meM / nikhAra AtA hai, varanA / vikAra AtA hai ! / binA bikharAva / upayoga kI dhArA kA dRr3ha-taToM se saMyata,/ sarakana-zIlA saritA-sI / lakSya kI ora bar3hanA hI sampreSaNa kA sahI svarUpa hai|" (pR. 22) zilpI ke kArya (cAhe vaha tAjamahala hI kyoM na ho) kI punIta mahattA ko kauna amAnya karegA ? : " sarakAra usase / kara nahIM mA~gatI / kyoMki / isa zilpa ke kAraNa corI ke doSa se vaha / sadA mukta rahatA hai / / artha kA apavyaya to bahuta dUra / artha kA vyaya bhI / yaha zilpa karatA nahIM, / binA artha zilpI ko yaha/ arthavAn banA detA hai; / yuga ke Adi se Aja taka isane / apanI saMskRti ko / vikRta nahIM banAyA / binA dAga hai yaha zilpa aura kuzala hai yaha zilpI / " (pR. 27-28) zilpI kI yogazAlA, prayogazAlA para eka TippaNI yaha hai : "yahA~ para / jIvana kA 'nirvAha' nahIM / 'nirmANa' hotA hai itihAsa sAkSI hai isa bAta kA / / adhomukhI jIvana UrdhvamukhI ho / unnata banatA hai; / hArA huA bhI besahArA jIvana / sahArA denevAlA banatA hai / " (pR. 43)
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________________ 338 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA pApI se nahIM, pApa se ghRNA karane sambandhI dharma-nIti IsA kI pApI mahilA-rakSA se sambandhita hai : "RSi - santoM kA/sadupadeza - sadAdeza/hameM yahI milA ki pApI se nahIM/pApa se/paMkaja se nahIM,/paMka se/ghRNA kro|" (pR.50-51) sallekhanA kA rahasya bhI yogiyoM, vratiyoM, zrAvakoM ko jAnane yogya hai / vastuta: zarIra aura kaSAya ke kRza hone para hI to karaNatraya kI lagna AtI hai / vaha isa prakAra varNita hai : "sallekhanA, yAnI/kAya aura kaSAya ko/kRza karanA hotA hai, beTA ! kAyA ko kRza karane se/kaSAya kA dama ghuTatA hai/"ghuTanA hI caahie| aura,/kAyA ko miTAnA nahIM,/miTatI-kAyA meM/milatI-mAyA meM mlAna-mukhI aura mudita-mukhI/nahIM honA hI/sahI sallekhanA hai, anyathA Atama kA dhana luTatA hai, beTA!" (pR. 87) parama Arta aura parama artha kI gaharAI yaha hai : "sUkSmAti-sUkSma doSa kI pakar3a,/jJAna kA padArtha kI ora/dulaka jAnA hI parama Arta pIr3A hai,/aura/jJAna meM padArthoM kA/jhalaka AnA hIparamArtha krIr3A hai/eka dInatA ke bheSa meM hai/hAra se lajjita hai, eka svAdhInatA ke deza meM hai/sAra se sajjita hai| puruSa kI piTAI prakRti ne kI,/prakArAntara se cetana bhI/usakI capeTa meM AyA guNI ke Upara coTa karane para/guNoM para prabhAva par3atA hI hai/ AghAta mUla para ho druma sUkha jAtA hai,/do mUla meM salila to"/pUraNa phUlatA hai'|" (pR. 124-125) __ arthazAstrI ko artha ke artha kI aura paramArtha ke palar3e kI cunautI nimnapaMktiyoM meM prastuta kI gaI hai jo rAgI kA lakSyabindu artha aura tyAgI kA paramArtha darzAtA hai : "antima bhAga, bAla kA bhAra bhI/jisa tulA meM tulatA hai vaha koyale kI tulA nahIM sAdhAraNa-sI,/sone kI tulA kahalAtI hai asAdhAraNa ! sonA to tulatA hai/so atulanIya nahIM hai/aura/tulA kabhI tulatI nahIM hai so atulanIya rahI hai/paramArtha tulatA nahIM kabhI/artha kI tulA meM artha ko tulA banAnA/arthazAstra kA artha hI nahIM jAnanA hai aura/sabhI anarthoM ke garta meM/yuga ko DhakelanA hai| arthazAstrI ko kyA jJAta hai yaha artha ?" (pR. 142) anekAnta kA udAharaNa sApekSatA ke rahasya meM DUbA huA hai : "agara sAgara kI ora/dRSTi jAtI hai,/guru-gArava-sA kalpa-kAla vAlA lagatA hai sAgara;/agara lahara kI ora/dRSTi jAtI hai,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 339 alpa-kAla vAlA lagatA hai saagr|/ek hI vastu aneka bhaMgoM meM bhaMgAyita hai/aneka raMgoM meM raMgAyita hai, taraMgAyita ! merA saMgI saMgIta hai/sapta-bhaMgI rIta hai|" (pR. 146) karuNA ke dvArA prakRti paryAvaraNa kI sunizicita surakSA ina paMktiyoM meM nihita hai : "prakRti mA~ kI A~khoM meM/rotI huI karuNA,/bindu-bindu kara ke dRga-bindu ke rUpa meM/karuNA kaha rahI hai/kaNa-kaNa ko kucha : 'paraspara kalaha huA tuma logoM meM/bahuta huA, vaha galata huaa| miTAne-miTane ko kyoM tule ho/itane sayAne ho!/juTe ho pralaya karAne viSa se dhule ho tuma !/isa ghaTanA se burI taraha/mA~ ghAyala ho cukI hai jIvana ko mata raNa banAo/prakRti mA~ kA vRNa sukhAo' !" (pR. 148-149) kavitA meM eka abhinava nATakIya DhaMga se aMkoM kA prayoga kara maMz2ila kI pahacAna prastuta kI gaI hai : "99 aura 9 kI saMkhyA/jo kumbha ke karNa-sthAna para AbharaNa-sI lagatI aMkita haiM/apanA-apanA paricaya de rahI haiN| eka kSAra saMsAra kI dyotaka hai/eka kSIra-sAra kii| eka se moha kA vistAra milatA hai,/eka se mokSa kA dvAra khulatA hai|" (pR. 166) jar3a aura cetana kI parakha karAnA vizva cetanA ko jAgrata karanA hai : "bhoga par3e haiM yahIM/bhogI calA gayA,/yoga par3e haiM yahIM/yogI calA gayA, kauna kisa ke lie-/dhana jIvana ke lie/yA jIvana dhana ke lie ? / mUlya kisakA/tana kA yA vetana kA,/jar3a kA yA cetana kA?" (pR. 180) nIti viSayaka eka lezyA prasaMga nimnalikhita hai : "jaba suI se kAma cala sakatA hai/talavAra kA prahAra kyoM ? jaba phUla se kAma cala sakatA hai/zUla kA vyavahAra kyoM? . jaba mUla meM bhUtala para raha kara hI/phala hAtha laga rahA hai taba cUla para car3hanA/mAtra zakti-samaya kA apavyaya hI nahIM, sahI mUlyAMkana kA abhAva bhI siddha karatA hai|" (pR. 257) kasauTI ke prati kavi ke vicAra eka navIna rahasya ko prastuta karate haiM : "apanI kasauTI para apane ko kasanA/bahuta sarala hai para sahI-sahI nirNaya lenA bahuta kaThina hai,/kyoMki,/apanI A~khoM kI lAlI apane ko nahIM dikhatI hai| eka bAta aura bhI hai, ki jisa kA jIvana auroM ke lie/kasauTI banA hai/vaha svayaM ke lie bhI bane,
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________________ 340 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA yaha koI niyama nahIM hai|/ aisI sthiti meM prAyaH / mithyA nirNaya lekara hI apane Apa ko pramANa kI koTi meM/ svIkAranA hotA hai" so agni ke jIvana meM sambhava nahIM hai|" (pR. 276) jar3a kI jar3atA kA svarUpa vilakSaNa hotA hai| usakI pahacAna karAne kavi ne 'samayasAra' grantha kI zailI apanAI "jahA~ taka indriyoM kI bAta hai / unheM bhUkha lagatI nahIM, / bAhara se lagatA hai ki unheM bhUkha lagatI hai / / rasanA kaba rasa cAhatI hai, / nAsA gandha ko yAda nahIM karatI, sparza kI pratIkSA sparzA kaba karatI ? / svara ke abhAva meM jvara kaba car3hatA hai zravaNA ko ?/ baharI zravaNA bhI jItI milatI hai / A~kheM kaba AratI utAratI haiM/rUpa kI svarUpa kI ?/ ye sArI indriyA~ jar3a haiM, jar3a kA upAdAna jar3a hI hotA hai, / jar3a meM koI cAha nahIM hotI jar3a kI koI rAha nahIM hotI / sadA sarvatra saba samAna andhakAra ho yA jyoti / " (pR. 328-329) rAga-virAga vidhi kA nidarzana bhI kavi kI pratibhA kA dyotaka hai : "gagana kA pyAra kabhI / dharA se ho nahIM sakatA / madana kA pyAra kabhI jarA se ho nahIM sakatA; / yaha bhI eka niyoga hai ki / sujana kA pyAra kabhI surAse ho nahIM sakatA // vidhavA ko aMga-rAga / suhAtA nahIM kabhI sadhavA ko saMga-tyAga / suhAtA nahIM kabhI, saMsAra se viparIta rIta / viraloM kI hI hotI hai bhagavA~ ko raMga-dAga/suhAtA nahIM kabhI !" (pR. 353-354) auSadhi, jo janma-jarA-mRtyu rogahArI ho, usakA rahasya prastuta karane meM kavi ne sambhavataH apane anubhava se zakAra-traya rUpa digdarzita kiyA hai : " tAtkAlika / tana-viSayaka- roga hI kyA, / cirantana cetana - gata roga bhI / jo janana-jarana-maraNa rUpa hai / nava-do- gyAraha ho jAtA hai pala meM/za, sa, Sa ye tIna bIjAkSara haiM/ ina se hI phUlatA - phalatA hai vaha Arogya kA vizAla-kAya vRkSa ! / inake uccAraNa ke samaya / pUrI zakti lagA kara zvAsa ko bhItara grahaNa karanA hai / aura / nAsikA se nikAlanA hai oMkAra- dhvani ke rUpa meM / " (pR. 397 - 398 ) AtaMkavAda kA cira pratiSThita rUpa nimnalikhita paMktiyoM meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai : " punarAvRtti AtaMka kI - / vahI raMga hai vahI DhaMga hai / aMga-aMga meM vahI vyaMgya hai,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 341 vahI mUrti hai vahI mukhar3e/vahI amUrcchita-tanI mUMche/vahI cAla hai vahI DhAla hai vahI chala-bala vahI uchAla hai/krUra kAla kA vahI bhAla hai vahI nazA hai vahI dazA hai/kA~pa rahI aba dizA-dizA hai vahI rasanA hai vahI vasanA hai/kisI ke bhI rahI vaza nA hai sunI huI jo vahI dhvani hai/vahI vahI suna ! vahI dhuna hai| vahI zvAsa hai avizvAsa hai/vahI nAza hai aTTahAsa hai/vahI tANDava-nRtya hai vahI dAnava-kRtya hai/vahI A~kheM haiM siMdUrI haiM/bhUri-bhUri jo ghUra rahI haiM vahI gAta hai vahI mAtha hai/vahI pAda hai vahI hAtha hai/ghAta-ghAta meM vahI sAtha hai, gAla vahI hai adhara vahI hai/lAla vahI hai rudhira vahI hai/bhAva vahI hai DA~va vahI hai saba kucha vahI nayA kucha nahIM/jiyA vahI hai dayA kucha nhiiN|" (pR. 455) AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara ne apane guru AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara ko samarpaNa karate hue isa 'mUkamATI' ke prArambha meM 'mAnasa-taraMga' dekara apane abhiprAya ko pUrNarUpeNa spaSTa kiyA hai| prayojana rUpa prarUpita karane unhoMne antima vAkya jor3A hai : "jisane zuddha-sAttvika bhAvoM se sambandhita jIvana ko dharma kahA hai; jisakA prayojana sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanaitika aura dhArmika kSetroM meM praviSTa huI kurItiyoM ko nirmUla karanA aura yuga ko zubha-saMskAroM se saMskArita kara bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a dekara vItarAga zramaNa-saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA hai aura jisakA nAmakaraNa huA hai 'muukmaattii'|" ___ 'mUkamATI' ke pUrva Apake dvArA sRjita hindI racanAe~ tathA saMskRta kI zataka racanAe~, jo bikhare motI kahI jA sakatI haiM, abhUtapUrva racanAe~ haiN| unameM bhI 'mUkamATI' ke usI pakSa kA nikhAra, ubhAra hai jo naitikatA aura tyAga, tapasyA, vairAgya ke kaThora anuzAsana se anuprANita hai / janma se kannar3a bhASI hote hue bhI hindI meM asAdhAraNa racanAe~ racakara tathA 'mUkamATI' jaise mahAkAvya kA nirmANa kara kavi ne apratima pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai jo unakI saMskRta meM kI gaI kRtiyoM meM bhI jhalakatI hai / unhoMne darzana, dharma evaM adhyAtma kI AdhAra zilAoM para hI vyakti, samAja, deza aura sampUrNa vizva ko apanA svayaM kA eka darzana avatarita kara samarpita kiyA hai jo unakI kRti 'mUkamATI' meM spaSTa rUpa se jhalaka AyA hai| isa darzana kI bhASA nirAlI hai, sarala hai, satya anugAmI hai, vyutpattiparaka hai| isa darzana kA rahasya unakA uccatama koTi kA yoga hai / yaha yoga jJAna, cAritra aura tapasyA se otaprota hai / yaha vilakSaNatA unheM eka aise svatantra vicAraka evaM racayitA ke rUpa meM DhAla lAI hai ki jisakA pratiphalana Aja deza meM vaicArika krAnti usa yuvAvarga meM panapI dikhAI de rahI hai jo vilAsa ke sampUrNa sAdhanoM se dUra nahIM thaa| yaha vaicArika krAnti sahRdayatA evaM anuzAsana kI AdhAra zilAoM para panapI hai, khar3I hai, ata: use 'mUkamATI' kI chAyA kahanA ucita hogA / AzA hai, agalI pIr3hI ke hAthoM meM bhI 'mUkamATI' hogI jo unheM sazakta, sakSama evaM sahRdaya anuzAsita nAgarika banAne meM pUrA yogadAna de skegii| ___AcAryazrI evaM kavizrI vidyAsAgarajI kI aneka kRtiyoM para vizvavidyAlayoM meM zodha kArya prArambha ho cuke haiM, kucha samApta bhI ho cuke haiN| yadi zodhaparaka kArya unake krAntikArI darzana ko lekara ho sake, jo 'mUkamATI' meM ujAgara huA hai, jhalakA hai to unake prakAzana se bhUle-bhaTake, rUr3hivAdI, pichar3e samAja evaM deza ko eka naI dizA, nayA AyAma, nayA mArga prApta ho sakegA, isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : vikAsa yAtrA kI nirantaratA - pada, patha aura pAtheya DaoN. santoSa kumAra tivArI jaba kisI santa kA santatva kAvya meM Dhalakara sAmane AtA hai to yaha pUre audAttya ke sAtha manuSyatA kI uccatara bhAvabhUmi para hameM le jAtA hai aura hrAsazIla vighaTana ke bIca saMyojana aura saMzleSaNa kI prakriyA dvArA vAstavika jIvana mUlyoM ko udghATita karatA hai| vaha kevala jIvana mUlya hI nahIM apitu sArthaka jIvana bodha detA hai| AcArya vidyAsAgara kI 'mUkamATI' kA yahI rahasya hai / akasara kavitA ke bAre meM azeSa sRSTi ke sAtha rAgAtmaka sambandhoM kI carcA kI jAtI hai kintu isa kasauTI para Ate kitane racanAkAra haiM ? sama-sAmayikatA ke bIca se una vicAra binduoM aura anubhava khaNDoM kI pakar3a, jo sRjana sArthaka aura kAlajayI banAtI hai, kitane kaviyoM ko apane nikaSa para kharA ghoSita karatI hai / indriyajanya soca aura anubhavoM ko apanI vikAsazIla jIvana yAtrA meM kitane racanAkAra indriyAtIta banAne kA mAddA rakhate haiM ? AcArya vidyAsAgara ne mATI kI mUka vyathA ko hI rUpAyita nahIM kiyA balki use maMgalakalaza kI vaha bhavya U~cAI pradAna kI hai, AdhArabhUta nIMva ko anadekhA nahIM karatI aura jIvana ko samagratA meM dekhatI hai - khaNDa-khaNDa meM nahIM / saMzliSTa jIvana citra ko sampUrNatA meM dekhane kI dRSTi bahuta virale sAdhakoM ko hotI hai| yaha bAta gauratalaba hai ki santa kI yaha racanA AcaraNajanya bhASA kI sAdhanA hai| aise hI racanAkAroM ke bIca kavitA svataH sphUrta hotI hai aura zabda anubhUti ke anurUpa Dhalate jAte haiM - nayA nirmANa pAte hue suvinyasta hote hue / vyAkaraNa ko kAvyAtmakatA pradAna karane meM DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA ko 'ekalavya' meM jo mahArata hAsila huI hai, vahI kamAla 'mUkamATI' meM AcArya vidyAsAgara ne kara dikhAyA hai / aMkoM ke camatkAra, zabda dhvaniyoM kI pakar3a, mantra jJAna aura akSaroM meM nihita artha kI vyApti- apane Apa kavitA meM Dhala gaI hai / jayazaMkara prasAda ne 'kAmAyanI' meM cintA se Ananda kI manovaijJAnika aura samarasa bhAvabhUmi kA jo nirUpaNa kiyA hai, vaha hindI sAhitya kI anupama nidhi hai / AcArya vidyAsAgara ne kumbhakAra zilpI ke dvArA pada dalita mATI kI maMgala ghaTa ke rUpa meM jo carama U~cAI nirUpita kI hai, vaha vikAsazIla jIvana ke tamAma par3AvoM ko sameTakara muktiyAtrA kA kAvyAtmaka rUpaka bana gaI hai| usameM mATI kI mUka vyathA hai, parizodhana hai, vikAra rahita jIvana kI sAdhanA hai, maMgala ghaTa kI carama sarjanA hai aura vaha bhI anta meM guru ke pAda prakSAlana meM samarpita bhAvanA ke sAtha / jIvana kA aisA dArzanika nicor3a Adhunika kAvya sAhitya meM bahuta durlabha hai| prasAda ne 'kAmAyanI' meM icchA, karma aura jJAna ke tIna golaka dikhAkara usa akhaNDa Ananda kI sRSTi kI hai, jahA~ jar3a aura cetana samarasa ho jAte haiM / santa kavi vidyAsAgara ne mATI ko kaMkaroM se mukta kara yAnI jIvana ko vikAra rahita banAkara use jo varNa-lAbha diyA hai aura Atyantika U~cAI para jAkara guru ke caraNoM meM samApana diyA hai, vaha jIvana darzana, adhyAtma cetanA aura vikAsazIla dRSTi apane Apa meM bemisAla hai| vidyAsAgarajI kI saMvedita vaicArikatA meM jo dArzanika cetanA kA samAhAra huA hai usane kavitA ko adhyAtma aura adhyAtma ko kavitA banA diyA hai| yaha eka prajJApuruSa ke vaicArika zikhara se phUTI huI sudhA rasa kI vaha dhAra hai jo apane lokakalyANI rUpa meM vizva mAnavatA ko paripuSTa karatI hai / jaba pANDitya sahajatA aura saralatA meM Dhala jAe taba 'girA artha jala bIci sama kahiyata bhinna na bhinna' kI asAdhAraNa sthiti prApta hotI hai| AcAryajI ne kevala zabdoM ko hI nahIM zodhA balki unakI dhvaniyoM ko pakar3akara arthoM ko mUrta rUpa diyA hai| naI - kavitA - kirITI -puruSa ajJeya ne yaha bAta uThAI thI ki upamAna maile ho gae haiM aura zabda bAse, isalie zabdoM meM naI arthavattA paramAvazyaka hai / daraasala zabda brahma hai, isalie zabda sAdhanA, brahma sAdhanA se ka
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 343 nahIM hai / AcArya vidyAsAgara ne zabdoM ke bhItara paiTha kara unake AbhyAntarika mUla arthoM ko pakar3A hai, isalie gUDha sUtroM ke saralatama anuvAda 'mUkamATI' meM maujUda haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki racanA se racanAkAra alaga nahIM hotA yAnI kavitA z2indagI meM DhalatI hai aura z2indagI kavitA meM- "kumbha kI kuzalatA so apanI kuzalatA"(pR. 296) / yahIM se sahI zabda bodha aura jIvana bodha prApta hotA hai arthAt zabda aura satya ke bIca kI dIvAra miTa jAtI hai| yahIM para zAzvata jIvana satya apane mAnavIya phalaka para jIvana kA sahI puruSArtha banakara prakaTa hotA hai / ise hama 'maMz2ila para vizvAsa kI anubhUti' kaheM yA 'zAlInatA kI vizAlatA meM AkAza kA samA jAnA'- bAta eka hI hai / santatva aura kAvyatva kA aisA sundara samAgama bahuta virala hotA hai / mahAkAvya kI prAcIna paribhASAe~ aba koI mAyanA nahIM rakhatI - ATha sarga hoM, kathAvastu paurANika yA aitihAsika ho, nAyaka kSatriya evaM dhIrodAtta ho, Adi / vAstava meM mahAkAvya vaha hai jo yuga jIvana ke anurUpa mAnava jIvana ke vividha AyAmoM ko kathAvastu meM isa taraha sameTakara cale ki manuSya usake kendra meM ho aura manuSyatA kA carama puruSArtha prerita ho / usameM dezakAla kI sImAoM ko lA~ghakara kisI mahat sandeza kI vyApti aura anugUMja ho| 'mUkamATI' sahI arthoM meM eka aisA pratIkAtmaka mahAkAvya hai jo svastha sAmAjikatA meM kavi dAyitva kA nirvAha karate hue vizva mAnava kI zikharastha aura udAtta bhAvabhUmi kA virATa mAnavIya sandarbho meM zodhapatra yA Alekha prastuta karatA hai| yahA~ pada, patha aura pAtheya kA jo sArvabhauma svarUpa dikhAI detA hai vaha isa kRti ko advitIya banAtA hai / jahA~ kahIM bhI mAnavIya sadAzayatA apanI parAkASThA para dikhalAI detI hai vahA~ sRjana apanI utkRSTa U~cAiyoM para hotA hai| eka bAta sAfa ho jAnI cAhie ki vidyAsAgarajI kA tattva cintana, darzana aura adhyAtma kahIM kisI sampradAya vizeSa kA himAyatI yA pracAraka nahIM hai, vaha zuddha mAnava dharma hai| eka sAdhaka, santa yA kavi apanI UrdhvamukhI cetanA meM sabakA ho jAtA hai / yadi aisA na hotA to kabIra, tulasI aura jAyasI hama sabake dilo-dimAg2a para kaise chA jAte ? daraasala santa aura phakIra kI mastI, tattva vivecana aura mAnavIya cetanA apane pariSkRta rUpa meM samagra mAnavatA kI hotI hai| use kisI dharma vizeSa taka sImita karanA na to nyAyasaMgata hai aura na aucityapUrNa / kSiti, jala, pAvaka, gagana tathA samIra se nirmita yaha zarIra 'mATI' kI ahamiyata ko kaise bhUla sakatA hai ? sabase pahalA tattva vahI hai / AcArya vidyAsAgara ne isa kSiti tattva ko maMgala ghaTa kI vikAsa yAtrA dekara miTTI se bane isa mAnava zarIra ko jo carama U~cAI dI hai, vaha atyanta sAragarbhita hai aura jIvana kA sahI upasaMhAra / isa mahAkAvya meM yugajIvana kI pUrI jhalaka milatI hai-cAhe nArI jIvana kI vyathA-kathA ho, AtaMkavAda kI trAsada sthiti ho athavA krodha kA zamana bodha ke stara para ho / zabdoM se upajI naI vyAkhyAe~ unake aparimita jJAna aura cintana kA paricaya detI haiN| __ kisI kavi kA adhikAMza uddharaNa yogya ho, aisA bahuta-bahuta kama hotA hai / AcArya vidyAsAgara ke sAtha yaha bAta avazya hai / Akhira isakA kAraNa kyA hai ? jaba racanAkAra kisI vicArakhaNDa ko anubhUti kI prAmANikatA aura bhoge hue yathArtha ke AdhAra para zabdoM kI carama mitavyayatA ke sAtha abhivyakti detA hai taba kavitA sUktiyoM meM Dhalane lagatI hai / jIvana kA nicor3a aura anubhava-satya subhASitoM tathA anamola vacanoM meM rUpAyita hone lagatA hai| yahIM para racanA sUktidharmA ho jAtI hai aura apanI dhvanyAtmakatA yA vyaMjanA meM bahuta dUra taka mAra karatI hai, vaha gambhIra ghAva detI hai yA vicAroM ke jagamagAte motI, jo antartama taka prakAza phailA kara udvelita kareM-zAnta aura saMyata svara meM / vidyAsAgarajI ke sAtha yahI bAta hai| vahA~ upadezAtmakatA bhI kAvyatva ko bAdhita nahIM karatI, jaise- "caraNoM kA prayoga kiye binA/zikhara kA sparzana/sambhava nahIM hai !"(pR. 10); "nirantara abhyAsa ke bAda bhI/skhalana sambhava hai" (pR. 11); "anukUlatA kI pratIkSA karanA/sahI puruSArtha nahIM hai"(pR. 13); "saMgharSamaya jIvana kA/upasaMhAra/
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________________ 344 :: : mUkamATI-mImAMsA niyamarUpa se / harSamaya hotA hai" (pR. 14); " pIr3A kI ati hI / pIr3A kI iti hai " (pR. 33); " dayA kA honA hI / jIva-vijJAna kA / samyak paricaya hai" (pR. 37); "granthi hiMsA kI sampAdikA hai" (pR. 64); "paramArtha tulatA nahIM kabhI / artha kI tulA meM" (pR. 142); " 'hI' ekAntavAda kA samarthaka hai/ 'bhI' anekAnta, syAdvAda kA pratIka" (pR. 172) / 'mUkamATI' meM cAra khaNDa haiM- (1) saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha ( 2 ) zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM (3) puNya kA pAlana : pApa - prakSAlana (4) agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha / prathama khaNDa meM pada, patha aura pAtheya kI sAMgopAMga vivecanA hai / saMgati aura mati kI, AsthA aura bhAvanA kI carcA karate hue vidyAsAgara likhate haiM : 66 'AsthA ke tAroM para hI / sAdhanA kI aMguliyA~ / calatI haiM sAdhaka kI, sArthaka jIvana meM taba / svarAtIta saragama jharatI hai !" (pR. 9) sahI rAste para pathika ke prathama pada kA kyA mahattva hai, isakA ullekha kavi ke hI zabdoM meM dekhie : "patha ke atha para / pahalA pada par3atA hai / isa pathika kA / aura patha kI iti para/ spandana - sA kucha ghaTatA hai / halacala macatI hai vahA~ ! pathika kI / ahiMsaka pagatalI se / sampreSaNa - pravAhita hotA hai vidyutasam yugapat / aura vaha / svayaM saphalatA - zrI patha kI iti para / uTha khar3I hai|" (pR. 21-22 ) kuzala zilpI nikharI mATI ko nAnA rUpa detA hai| mATI ke mAthe para kaThora kudAlI se prahAra hotA hai / vyaSTisamaSTi kI ekarUpatA meM sva ke sAtha para kA aura para ke sAtha sva kA jJAna hotA hai| saMvedana dharmA cetana hI karuNA kA kendra hai| mRdutA aura RjutA se hI zilpa nikharatA hai / isa taraha prathama khaNDa meM AcAryajI ne varNa saMkara kI sthiti, kumbhakAra kI sAdhanA aura saMyama ke saMskAra, gati-mati aura sthiti kI vikRti Adi para vicAra karate hue kUpa ke bandhana se mukta hokara dhUpa kA vandana kiyA hai| use ziva meM rAga jagAnA hI abhISTa hai| dUsare khaNDa meM 'alagAva se lagAva kI ora' mATI ke karuNAmaya kaNa-kaNa meM jala kA pahu~canA aisA lagatA hai jaise 'jJAnI ke padoM meM ajJAnI ne nava jJAna pAyA ho'| yahI hai 'tana meM cetana kA cirantana nartana' / kavi kI spaSTa dhAraNA hai ki 'tAmasatA kAyaratA hI kAma vRtti hai' : "kama balavAle hI / kambala vAle hote haiM / aura / kAma ke dAsa hote haiM / hama balavAle haiM/rAma ke dAsa hote haiM / aura / rAma ke pAsa sote haiM / " (pR. 92) AcAryajI ne kAmadeva ke paMca puSpoM aura mahAdeva ke zUla kA antara spaSTa karate hue likhA hai : "kAmadeva kA Ayudha phUla hotA hai / aura / mahAdeva kA Ayudha zUla / eka meM parAga hai / saghana rAga hai / jisa kA phala saMsAra hai eka meM virAga hai / anagha tyAga hai / jisakA phala bhava-pAra eka auroM kA dama letA hai / badale meM / mada bhara detA hai, eka auroM meM dama bhara detA hai / tatkAla phira / nirmada kara detA hai|" (pR. 101 ) 1
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 345 kavi ne aparigraha, ahiMsA aura maitrI jaise jIvana ke vidhAyaka tattvoM para prakAza DAlA hai / bodha ke binA zabdoM meM artha kI sahI vyApti nahIM hotI aura bodha kA vikasita phUla hI paripakva hokara zodha ke phala detA hai / kavi ne isa khaNDa meM sthira mana ke mahAmantra ko rekhAMkita karate hue moha ke svarUpa ko bhI darzAyA hai / kahIM-kahIM AcAryajI kI sAhityika mAnyatAe~ bhI ujAgara huI haiN| unakI dRSTi meM sAhitya hita se yukta-samanvita hotA hai aura zilpI ke zilpaka sA~ce meM sAhitya zabda Dhalate haiN| pravacanakAra paurANika AkhyAnoM ke mAdhyama se vartamAna ko sulajhAtA hai / atIta kA anubhava lekhana kA AdhAra banatA hai / AcAryajI ne AsthA vAlI sakriyatA ko niSThA kahA hai / unhoMne hAsya ke uthalepana aura sthitaprajJa kI bhUmikA saMketa rUpa meM darzAI hai| daraasala vyakti kI dRSTi yAnI cIz2oM ko dekhane kA naz2ariyA hI soca aura samajha meM antara sthApita karatA hai : "agara sAgara kI ora/dRSTi jAtI hai,/guru-gArava-sA kalpa-kAla vAlA lagatA hai sAgara;/agara lahara kI ora dRSTi jAtI hai,/alpa-kAla vAlA lagatA hai saagr|/ek hI vastu aneka bhaMgoM meM bhaMgAyita hai/aneka raMgoM meM raMgAyita hai, taraMgAyita !" (pR.146) vidyAsAgarajI ke cintana meM mAnavIya sadAzayatA aura samaSTi cetanA kI sAragarbhita bhUmikA hai jo jIvana kA mUlAdhAra hai- "re jiyA, samaSTi jiyA karo"(pR. 149) / kavi ke dvArA prastuta karuNa tathA zAnta rasa kI vyAkhyAe~ jIvana ke sahI marma kA udghATana karatI haiM aura hamAre manovikAroM ko saMyata bhI : "karuNA-rasa use mAnA hai, jo/kaThinatama pASANa ko bhI moma banA detA hai,/...zAnta-rasa kA kyA kaheM, saMyama-rata dhImAna ko hI/ om' banA detA hai|" (pR.159-160) anekAntavAda dUsaroM ke mUlyAMkana ko samyak mahattva detA hai| siMha viveka aura zvAna saMskRti ko bhI AcAryazrI ne carcA kA viSaya banAyA hai aura vinAza ke krama meM rati kI pramukhatA ko darzAyA hai| tIsare khaNDa meM kavi ne para-sampadA haraNa rUpa saMgraha ko moha-mUrchA kA atireka kahA hai| dharatI sarva-sahA hai aura yahI santoSa patha hai / sIpa hI svAti jala ko muktA banAtI hai / AcAryazrI ne strI jAti kI Adarza vizeSatAe~ nirUpita karate hue unheM karuNA kI kArikA aura milanasArI mitra kahA hai| abalA samasyAzUnya'samAdhAna hai| 'kumArI' samasta laukika maMgaloM meM prAthamika maMgala hai| 'strI' samazIla saMyama ke sAtha puruSa ko kuzala saMyata banAtI hai| 'duhitA' apanA hita aura pati kA hita sAdhane vAlI hai| kavi ne ye vyAkhyAe~ zabdoM kI bhItarI tahoM taka jAkara prApta kI haiN| yaha bhAva yoga, vicAra yoga kI dena hai tathA eka santa kI lokahitaiSI kalyANamayI dRSTi kA paricAyaka hai| ___ yugajIvana kI vibhISikAoM aura sAmpratika pariveza meM pala rahI duSpravRttiyoM kI ora saMketa karate hue unhoMne sajjana sAdhuoM ke sAttvika roSa ko bhI zreyaskara batAyA hai : "Avazyaka avasara para/sajjana-sAdhu puruSoM ko bhI, Aveza-Avega kA Azraya lekara hI/kArya karanA par3atA hai| anyathA,/sajjanatA dUSita hotI hai/durjanatA pUjita hotI hai / jo ziSToM kI dRSTi meM iSTa kaba rahI.?" (pR. 225)
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________________ 346 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA AcAryajI ne bAdala, samudra, candra Adi ke bAre meM jo maulika sandarbha uThAe haiM, ve advitIya haiN| zabdoM kI itanI mitavyayatA, prabhaviSNutA aura yuktiyuktatA unakI sampreSaNIyatA meM sannihita hai : "andhA nahIM, / A~kha vAlA hI bhayabhIta hotA hai / parama- saghana andhakAra se " (pR. 232); "hiMsA kI hiMsA karanA hI/ahiMsA kI pUjA hai" (pR. 233), isalie mA~ kA maMgalamaya AzIrvacana hai : "pApa- pAkhaNDa para prahAra karo / prazasta puNya svIkAra karo" (pR. 243 ) / kavi kI spaSTa dhAraNA hai ki kartavyaniSThA hI apanI parAkASThA para sarvamAnya pratiSThA detI hai| vikAsa yAtrA kI yahI nirantaratA aura sAdhanA kI UrdhvamukhI cetanA antataH bheda se abheda kI ora le jAtI hai| caturthakhaNDa meM 'avA ke bIcoM-bIca kumbha samUha vyavasthita' hotA hai / lakar3I ke mAdhyama se AcArya vidyAsAgara Aja ke gaNatantra kI vAstavikatA para sahaja bhAva se kaha jAte haiM, jo yaha siddha karatA hai ki unheM Aja kI Aga kA pUrA aMdAz2a hai : "prAya: aparAdhI -jana baca jAte / niraparAdha hI piTa jAte, aura unheM / pITate-pITate TUTatIM hama / / ise hama gaNatantra kaise kaheM ? yaha to zuddha 'dhanatantra' hai/yA / manamAnA 'tantra' hai !" (pR. 271 ) agni-parIkSA ke binA mukti kahA~ ? kavi ne mastaka ko darzana kA srota kahA hai aura hRdaya ko adhyAtma kA / darzana ke binA adhyAtma jIvana sambhava hai para binA adhyAtma ke darzana sambhava nahIM / darzana saMkalpoM - vikalpoM meM khoyA hai jabaki adhyAtma svastha jJAna hai / kavi ne 'sAregamapa'dha' 'ni' kA samyak vizleSaNa karate hue zilpI ke zilpana camatkAra kA hRdayagrAhI varNana kiyA hai| jyoti kA sammAna aura jyoti kA dAna samasta durdinoM kA nivAraka hai| kalaza ke jala kA guru-pada- prakSAlana hetu prayoga kumbha-kalaza ko jIvana kA kitanA bar3A saubhAgya detA hai : "jo kucha bacA khucA kAluSya / sarvasva sva-pana ko / yahIM para arpaNa kiyA : 'zaraNa, caraNa haiM Apake, / tAraNa taraNa jahAja, bhava-dadhi taTa taka le calo / karuNAkara gururAja' !" (pR. 325) santa kavi kA pragatizIla cintana pANigrahaNa saMskAra ko dhArmika saMskRti kA saMrakSaka aura unnAyaka ghoSita karatA huA Aja kala ke 'prANa- grahaNa' para bhI apanI TippaNI detA hai| saMvAdamaya mahAkAvya aura nATakIyatA se sambaddha pAtra saMyojana isa racanA kI jAna hai / gahana gambhIra vArtAlApa apane mUla Azaya ke sampreSaNa meM kitanA sazakta aura sahaja ho sakatA hai, isakA udAharaNa hai - 'mUkamATI' / 'jIvana udAratA kA udAharaNa bane' yaha hai cetanA ko caitanya banAne kI carama sImA / "prIti binA rIti nahIM aura/rIti binA gIta nahIM" (pR. 391 ) - yahI saMgItamaya jIvana kI laya hai jo vizva mAnavatA ke lie sAdhya hai| cAhe puruSa aura prakRti ke sambandhoM kI carcA ho yA pathya ke sahI pAlana kI AvazyakatA; cAhe za```sa M'Sa' bIjAkSaroM kA paricaya ho yA satpuruSoM se milane vAle vacana - vyApAra kA prayojana ho; cAhe apane hI bhItara asantuSTa dala kI sthiti ho yA AtaMkavAda kI A~dhI ho, jIvana ke vaividhya ko, usakI agAdhatA ko jitanA isa mahAkAvya meM sparza kiyA gayA hai zAyada samakAlIna dUsarI racanAoM meM nhiiN| yaha sampUrNa racanA hI jIvana ke rogoM kA zamana hai / kavi ne daNDa saMhitA aura prANa daNDa para bhI apane vicAra vyakta kie haiN| ve manuSya kI padalipsA aura AtaMkavAda ko samajhAte hue likhate
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 347 haiM : "padavAle hI padopalabdhi hetu/para ko pada-dalita karate haiM" (pR. 434); "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda/zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI/dharatI yaha" (pR. 441) / kavitA daraasala saMzleSaNa hai / vizleSaNa hamezA adhUrApana hI pradarzita kregaa| isalie kahA jAtA hai ki eka utkRSTa racanA samajhAI nahIM jA sakatI, use sirpha mahasUsa kiyA jA sakatA hai aura 'mUkamATI' aisI hI utkRSTa racanA niSkarSata: 'mUkamATI' kA AdhAra phalaka vyApaka hai / isameM kevala jIvana-jagat kI mImAMsA nahIM hai apitu saMvedanA aura vaicArikatA ke stara para bhAratIya cintana kI bhAvabhUmi hai / eka gatizIla mAnavIya AsthA, jo bhAratIya asmitA ke nairantarya kI samajha se vikasita hai, tapazcaryA se siMcita hai, kartavyakarma kI AdhArabhUmi hai, samaSTi meM jItI hai, adhyAtma aura darzana ko apane bhItara racAtI-pacAtI hai-yaha 'mUkamATI' kA pratipAdya hai / darzana yA adhyAtma jaba kavitA meM Upara se Aropita ho taba kAvya kalA ko kSati pahu~catI hai| jaba vaha bhItara se saMvedanA kA aMza banakara Ae taba jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna karatI huI kAvyAtmaka U~cAiyoM ko chUne lagatI hai| zrImatI zazi tivArI kI mahAkAvyAtmaka kRti 'ciravihAga' bhI isa dizA meM ullekhanIya hai, jahA~ santrasta mAnavatA kI mukti hetu ziva zakti se nivedana kiyA gayA hai| phira bhI jo samagratA, kasAva, vizleSaNa aura uThAna 'mUkamATI' meM hai vaha 'ciravihAga' meM nahIM / prasAda kI 'kAmAyanI' ke pazcAt eka abhinava kRti 'mUkamATI' hI dikhalAI detI hai jisameM manuSya ke sat-cit-Ananda kI abhivyakti vibhinna sopAnoM para nikhAra pAtI huI parAkASThA para pahuMcI hai| mATI se uThakara maMgala kalaza taka kA carama vikAsa guru-caraNoM meM jhukakara apane aham ko vigalita karatA huA sArthaka jIvana kI caritArthatA bana jAtA hai| kAlajayI kRtiyoM kA yahI vaiziSTya hai| pR. 50 tana aura mana ko tapa kI Aga meM tapA-tapakira-------- uAra sanama KEE
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________________ paNDita viSNukAnta zukla kavitA meM alaMkAra saundarya kI vRddhi ke hetu mAne jAte haiM / " utkarSahetavaH proktA guNAlaMkArarItayaH " ke anusAra guNa-alaMkAra evaM rIti kAvya meM rasotkarSa ke hetu haiN| 'mUkamATI' meM zabdAlaMkAra evaM arthAlaMkAroM kA samucita niveza draSTavya hai / alaMkAroM kI anAyAsa zobhA ne kAvya ko spRhaNIya banA diyA hai / kucha udAharaNa prastuta haiM : anuprAsa : O O 'mUkamATI' meM alaMkAra utprekSA : anuprAsa ' ke anya udAharaNoM ke lie draSTavya haiM pRSTha saMkhyA- 179, 209, 306, 310, 312, 315, 343, 356, 366, 384, 398, 399, 422, 451, 452, 460, 466, 467, 471, 484 evaM 486 / apahnuti : "ina vaibhava-hIna bhavyoM ko / bhavoM-bhavoM meM / parAbhava kA anubhava huA / aba, / 'parA - 'bhava kA anubhava vaha / kaba hogA ?... sambhava hai yA nahIM / nikaTa bhaviSya meM ?" (pR. 371-372) 66 'AsthA se vAstA hone para / rAstA svayaM zAstA hokara sambodhita karatA sAdhaka ko / sAthI bana sAtha detA hai / " (pR. 9) D apahnuti alaMkAra anyatra bhI draSTavya haiM, dekheM pRSTha saMkhyA- 379, 385, 424 / upamA : O " saritA - taTa meM / phena kA bahAnA hai / dadhi chalakatA hai / maMgala - janikA ha~samukha kalazI / hAtha meM lekara / khar3e haiM / saritA - taTa vaha " aura dekho nA ! / tRNa-binduoM ke miSa / ullAsavatI saritA- sI dharatI ke komala kendra meM / karuNA kI umar3ana hai|" (pR. 20 ) " abalA bAlAyeM saba / taralA tArAyeM aba / chAyA kI bhA~ti apane patideva / candramA ke pIche-pIche ho / chupI jA rahIM / " (pR. 2) "candana taru- lipaTI nAgina-sI !" (pR. 130 ) upamA alaMkAra ke lie pRSTha saMkhyA draSTavya haiM - 7, 53, 131, 180, 192, 199, 208, 212, 228, 238, 243, 265, 273, 280, 296, 297, 300, 331, 334, 340, 345, 348, 349, 350, 351, 355, 356, 363, 369, 374, 376, 383, 388, 395, 411, 417, 427, 428, 439, 440, 455, 466, 467, 471, 477 evaM 479 / " aura vaha dRzya / aisA pratIta ho rahA hai, ki / svargoM se barasAI gaI parimala - pArijAta puSpa- pA~khuriyA~ hI / maMgala muskAna bikheratIM nIce utara rahI hoM, dhIre-dhIre ! / devoM se dharatI kA svAgata abhinandana jyoM / ... oloM ko kucha pIr3A na ho, / yU~ vicAra kara hI mAno / unheM mastaka para lekara aisA laga rahA, ki / hanUmAna apane sara para (pR. 250 - 251) ur3a rahe haiM bhU-kaNa ! / so himAlaya le ur3a rahA ho !"
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 349 pRSTha saMkhyA 20, 227, 249, 278, 298, 337, 356, 379, 423, 455, 465 aura 479 bhI utprekSA kI dRSTi se draSTavya haiN| ullekha : "jaya ho ! jaya ho ! jaya ho !/aniyata vihAravAloM kI niyamita vicAravAloM kI/santoM kI, guNavantoM kI saumya-zAnta-chavivantoM kI/jaya ho ! jaya ho ! jaya ho ! pakSapAta se dUroM kI/yathAjAta yatizUroM kI/dayA-dharma ke mUloM kI sAmya-bhAva ke pUroM kI/jaya ho ! jaya ho ! jaya ho! bhava-sAgara ke kUloM kI/ziva-Agara ke cUloM kI/saba kucha sahate dhIroM kI vidhi-mala dhote nIroM kI/jaya ho ! jaya ho ! jaya ho !" (pR.314-315) ullekha alaMkAra kA pRSTha saMkhyA 8, 229, 233, 260, 366, 376 aura 446 para bhI nirvAha draSTavya hai / kAvyaliMga : ___ "bhayabhIta hotI amAvasyA bhI ina se/dUra kahIM chupI rahatI vaha; yahI kAraNa hai ki/eka mAsa meM eka hI bAra bAhara AtI hai AvAsa tajakara |"(pR.228) pRSTha saMkhyA 127, 192, 215 aura 321 bhI kAvyaliMga ke lie draSTavya haiN| ___nidarzanA: "mATI ke prANoM meM jA,/pAnI ne vahA~/nava-prANa pAyA hai, jJAnI ke padoM meM jA/ajJAnI ne jahA~/nava-jJAna pAyA hai|" (pR. 89) mAnavIkaraNa: "mati kI gati-sI tIvra gati se/pavana pahu~catA hai nabha-maNDala meM, pAponmukhoM meM pramukha bAdaloM ko/apanI capeTa meM letA hai, ghera letA hai aura/unake mukha ko phera detA hai/jar3a tattva ke srota, sAgara kI or"| ...aba kyA pUcho!/bAdala dala ke sAtha asaMkhya ole sira ke bala jAkara/sAgara meM girate haiM eka sAtha / " (pR. 261-262) pRSTha saMkhyA 2, 4, 19, 46, 217, 228, 239, 278, 341 evaM 479 bhI mAnavIkaraNa ke udAharaNa ke lie draSTavya parikarAMkura : bhrAntimAna : "Aja taka kisI kAraNavaza/kisI jIvana para bhI pada nahIM rakhA, kucalA nahIM"/apada jo rahe hama !" (pR. 433) "pahalA bAdala itanA kAlA hai/ki jise dekhakara apane sahacara-sAthI se bichur3A/bhramita ho bhaTakA bhramara-dala, sahacara kI zaMkA se hI mAno/bAra-bAra isa se A miltaa|" (pR. 227) "kama balavAle hI/kambalavAle hote haiN|" (pR. 92) "kisI vidha mana meM/mata pApa rakho,/para, kho use pala-bhara/parakho pApa ko bhI yamaka : 0 0
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________________ 350 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA phira jo bhI nirNIta ho, / ho apanA, lo, apanAlo use !" (pR. 124) yamaka ke anya udAharaNa pRSTha saMkhyA 97, 134, 176, 182, 230, 231, 234, 235, 324, 354, 364, 381, 388, 393, 408, 413, 432, 440 evaM 477 para bhI upalabdha haiM / rUpaka : "pA~khurI-rUpa adhara - pallava/ phar3aphar3Ane lage, kSobha se / " (pR. 260) pRSTha saMkhyA 4, 12, 265, 279, 285, 421, 447 evaM 452 kI rUpaka kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiM / rUpaka- 0 " aura dekho nA ! / mA~ kI udAratA - paropakAritA atizayokti apane vakSasthala para / yugoM se cira se / dugdha se bhare do kalaza le khar3I hai|" (pR. 476) ... : vIpsA : vyatireka : "smRtiyA~ tAjI ho AIM / pavana ke parasa pAkara saravara taraMgAyita ho AyA / " (pR. 481 ) "sahI-sahI samajha meM nahIM AtA / " (pR. 234) " ( " aura/ nirAza ho lauTatA hai) / yAnI' bhramara se bhI adhika kAlA hai /yaha pahalA bAdala-dala / " (pR. 228) pRSTha saMkhyA 200, 324, 370 evaM 411 para bhI vyatireka ke udAharaNa draSTavya haiM / zleSa : " mana kA bala vaha / mana - sA rahatA hai / " (pR.96) sandeha : samAsokti : pRSTha saMkhyA 8, 91, 230, 321, 324, 347 aura 369 para bhI zleSa ke udAharaNa se alaMkRti haiM / "yaha sandhyAkAla hai yA / akAla meM kAla kA Agamana !" (pR. 238) "mu~dI A~kheM khulatI haiM, / jisa bhA~ti / prabhAkara ke kara- parasa pAkara adharoM para manda-muskAna le / saravara meM sarojinI khilatI haiM / " (pR. 215 ) svabhAvokti : "eka hAtha meM kumbha lekara, / eka hAtha meM liye kaMkara se kumbha ko bajA-bajAkara / jaba dekhane lagA vh|" (pR. 303 ) D " ghara ke saba bAla-bAlAoM ko / bhItara rahane kI AjJA milI hai aura/ binA bole baiThane ko bAdhya kiyA gayA hai, phira bhI, bIca-bIca meM, / caukhaTa ke bhItara se yA khir3akiyoM se eka-dUsare ko Age-pIche karate / bAhara jhA~kane kA prayAsa cala rahA hai / " (pR. 340-341) AcArya vidyAsAgara dvArA praNIta mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' kA maiMne AdyopAnta adhyayana kiyA hai / bIsavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM likhe hindI mahAkAvyoM meM isakA viziSTa sthAna hai / kavi AcArya ke 'svAntaH sukhAya' hone para
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 351 bhI racanA 'sadyaH paranirvRti:' pradAna karane ke kAraNa spRhaNIya hai / zabda prayoga, zabda zaktiyoM evaM bhASA ke abhinava prayogoM ne 'mUkamATI' ko atyanta sazakta vANI pradAna kI hai / chanda, rasa, alaMkAra, prakRti varNana, sUkti, vividha darzana, bahujJatA, prasAda guNa evaM bhAvoM kI preSaNIyatA kA aisA adbhuta sAmaMjasya prAya: kama dekhA jAtA hai / isa lekha meM kevala alaMkAroM kI carcA kI gaI hai| alaMkAroM ke anya udAharaNoM kI sUcanA 'mUkamATI' kI pRSTha saMkhyA ke saMketa mAtra dvArA dI gaI hai| yaha uddezya rahA hai ki jijJAsu zodhArthI pAThakagaNa mUla grantha ko avazya par3heM aura pUrNa Ananda prApta kara skeN| 'mUkamATI' eka santa kI racanA hai, ni:spRha vyakti kI racanA hai, isI kAraNa se isakA mahattva bar3ha jAtA hai| sarasa vacana bole, jJAna ke netra khole anupama rasa ghole mAnasI gAgarI meN| sukhakara upadezoM-sUktiyoM kI nirAlI sahRdaya hRdayoM ko bheMTa hai 'mUkamATI' // pR. 343 kAyotsargakA visarjana.-- saMyamopakaraNa diyA 'mayara-pakhoM kA, jo mRdula komalalapumunula hai| . . . . AGAON . . Praman
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : eka utkRSTa kAvyakRti DaoN. rAmezvara prasAda dvivedI AcArya vidyAsAgara kRta 'mUkamATI' kA maiMne adhyayana kiyA aura pAyA ki isakI gaNanA utkRSTa hindI kAvya kRtiyoM meM hone yogya hai / jahA~ taka siddhAntoM ke pratipAdana kA sambandha hai, vaha prAya: pUrvAgraha athavA pUrva niyojana ke kAraNa kAvyazrI kA mAraka siddha hotA hai tathA abhivyakti ko zuSka gadyAtmaka banA detA | jo bAta yA vicAra gadya meM savicAra vizleSita ho sakatA hai, usake lie kAvya kalevara dene kI kyA AvazyakatA ? kAvya to anAyAsa sphUrta bhAvoM kI sarasa anubhUtimaya abhivyakti ko kahate haiM / yadi kahIM anubhUti kI tIvratA abhAvagrasta hai athavA abhivyakti zramajanya hai to samAna parimANa meM 'kAvyAnanda' bAdhita hogaa| mujhe prasannatA hai ki 'mUkamATI' kI mukharatA meM kavitA prAyaH Adyanta akuNThita aura nirbAdha hai / nissandeha zilpa bhAva sampatti kI tulanA meM kucha kamaz2ora hai, kintu zilpa kI kamaz2orI vastu sampannatA meM daba jAtI hai aura samagrataH 'mUkamATI' eka sundara evaM sarAhanIya kRti siddha hotI hai / kavi ne svayaM saMkSepa meM kRti kA paricaya diyA hai| unake anusAra 'mUkamATI' laukika alaMkAroM para alaukika alaMkAroM ke prayoga kI ceSTA hai / zuddha cetanA ke pariprekSya meM bhI avataraNa ghaTita hone para vaha kiMcit azuddha hogA, aparihArya hai yaha; para kavi ne prayAsa kiyA hai ki aisA na ho aura ho to alpAtialpa ho / kavi kA prayAsa stutya hai / zuddha sAttvika para bala denA cAhe ThIka hai, para hai mAyAmaya / caitanya kI zuddhatA to kevala mAtra brahma avyakta maulika rUpa meM hI sambhava hai| satoguNa bhI antataH maila hai - mATI hai, lekina mUkatA kI asImatA ke pAra kavi jAtA hai to vaha yogI ho jAtA hai aura vahA~ se pratyAvartita hotA hai to vaha zApita astitva jIne ko vivaza hai / AcAryazrI kA kavi bhI zApa kI anivAryatA se pare nahIM hai, sambhava hI nahIM thA / AcAryazrI ne 'mAnasa taraMga' meM kucha kaNa rakhe haiN| unake sambandha meM ina paMktiyoM ke lekhaka kI pratikriyA yoM hai: - 'kyA Aloka ke.... ?' antima satya yaha ki karma hotA hai kartA koI nahIM; na maiM, na tuma aura na vaha / sahasA sphUrta icchA mAtra rUpa le letI hai, vahA~ karma - akarma dvandva rahita hai| - 'kyA cakra ke binA...?' hA~ ! balki sundaratara kumbha ke rUpa meM bhI / daNDa, kIla Adi saba icchA ke khela haiM / - 'kyA binA icchA...?' ThIka yahI bAta mukhya hai / icchA ke binA zUnya sRSTi nahIM bana sakatI / - ' kyA... icchA niruddezya hotI hai ?' vaha soddezya - niruddezya se pare icchA mAtra hotI hai / tAtparya yaha ki AcAryazrI ke vicAra kaNa uttejaka haiM aura pAThaka ke mAnasa ko taraMgAyita karate haiN| yaha unake vicAra kI kSamatA hai / kavitA meM Dhalakara yahI kSamatA rasamaya na ho to gatimayatA ke bIca zuSkatA, agnisphuliMga aura antata: aMgAra ho jIvana ko jalA detI hai| 'mUkamATI' na jalatI hai, na jalAtI hai| vaha mAnasa ko jIvanta tathA sazakta banAtI hai aura komala kalita bhI / zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ne apane 'prastavana' (pR. XVII) meM kahA hai : "yaha kRti adhika parimANa meM kAvya hai yA adhyAtma, kahanA kaThina hai / " satya yaha ki kAvya vahIM divyatA pAtA hai jahA~ adhyAtma ke marmotsa se samanvita hotA hai / 'mAnasa' meM kAvyAMza kama hI haiM, kahIM-kahIM hI tulasI ke kathana mohaka kAvya haiM, anyathA 'mAnasa' siddhAnta kathanoM kA padyAtmaka (chandobaddha) saMkalana hI adhika lagatA hai / jahA~ adhyAtma ke tattva mArmika svara prApta kara sake haiM, 'mAnasa' mohaka banA hai / 'mUkamATI' meM adhyAtma ke tattva prAyaH manorama haiM / yaha bhinna bAta hai ki kahIM-kahIM tatkAla lacara
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 353 paMkti gur3a gobara kara baiThatI hai| kAza ! AcAryazrI idhara sajaga rahe hote / "sImAtIta zUnya meM/nIlimA bichAI,/aura idhara''nIce nirI nIravatA chAI,/nizA kA avasAna ho rahA hai uSA kI aba zAna ho rahI hai|" (pR. 1) isa aMza meM prathama cAra paMktiyA~ utkRSTatara kAvya haiM kintu pA~cavIM apekSita mAtrA meM sundara nahIM hai aura chaThI to nahIM rahatI to hI sundara hotA / kintu saundarya pUrNatA meM sambhava kahA~ hai ? 'hama adhUre, adhUrA hamArA sRjana' (niirj)| kAvya meM kathAtmakatA kA samanvaya rasAsvAdana meM sahAyaka hotA hai tathA sAdhAraNIkaraNa ko sambhava kara detA hai| dArzanika santa kI AtmA kA saMgIta tabhI to sArthaka hogA, jaba zrotA dhvani ke sAtha artha ko bhI hRdayaMgama kregaa| isameM kathA ke tantu sahAyaka hote haiN| koI nAhaka isa UhApoha meM par3e ki yaha mahAkAvya hai ki khaNDa kAvya ki mAtra kAvya ! mere vicAra se yaha Adyanta sarasa mohaka kAvya hai jisameM bhAva aura vicAroM kI sundara nirantaratA akhaNDa, azithila hai| yA para vijaya prApta karanA sabakevarI kI bAta nahIM aura vaha bhI strI- paryAya meM anahonI-sI ghaTanA
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : adhunAtama AdhyAtmika rUpaka mahAkAvya DaoN. puSpalatA jaina hindI sAhitya meM chAyAvAdI kavi 'prasAda' kI 'kAmAyanI' (1935 I.), yugacAraNa 'dinakara' kI 'urvazI' (1961 I.), tathA lokamaMgala ke vaMzIvAdaka panta' kA lokAyatana' (1964 I.)- ye tInoM kAvya adhyAtma-prabandhatrayI ke rUpa meM prasthApita hue haiN| saMghIya cetanA ke sva-para unnAyaka AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne isake bAda apanI anUThI AdhyAtmika kRti 'mUkamATI' (1988 I.) kI racanA kara ukta prasthAnatrayI kI maNimAlA meM eka aura aparimita jyotirmayI maNi ko Akalita kara diyA hai| pratibhAprasUta isa sundara Akalana ko hindI sAhitya apanI dharohara ke rUpa meM sadaiva eka dIpastambha mAnatA rhegaa| hamane uparyukta zIrSaka meM isa mahAkAvya ke tIna vizeSaNa jAna-bUjha kara die haiM- adhunAtama, AdhyAtmika aura rUpaka / yaha kRti adhunAtama isalie hai ki isameM paramparA kA nirvAha eka sImA-vizeSa taka hI kiyA gayA hai| aura phira paramparA bhI to gatizIlatA lie rahatI hai; usakA eka qadama yadi sImA meM hai, to agalA kadama AdhunikatA kI dehalI para khar3A ho jAtA hai aura vahIM se itihAsa ke pariprekSya meM vaha sampUrNa mAnava jAti kI bhalAI ke lie athaka pravacana, vacana nahIM, denA prArambha kara detA hai ('mUkamATI', pR. 486) / ise mAtra kAvya kahA jAe yA mahAkAvya, AdhyAtmikatA usameM er3I se coTI taka dekhI jA sakatI hai, vaha bhI rUpaka ke mAdhyama se / mATI kisa taraha kumbhakAra ke nimitta se maMgala kalaza kI sthiti taka pahu~catI hai, isa choTI-sI ghaTanA ko sahRdaya kavi ne bar3I sundara aura sazakta zailI meM gUMthane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai / usane parama cetanA ke AdhyAtmika sandeza aura vikAsa kI gAthA ko rUpaka mAlA se aisA saMyojita kara diyA hai, jahA~ kavi kA gIta-saMgIta madhurima laharoM meM laharA uThA hai| uparyukta AdhyAtmika prabandhatrayI ke vistRta phalaka para chAyAvAda, pragativAda, prayogavAda aura naI kavitA ke tattvoM kA prasphuTana huA hai, para 'mUkamATI' unase bhI eka qadama Age bar3hI dikhAI detI hai, jisameM AcAryazrI ne cikanI mATI kI mUkatA aura usameM nihita anaginata sambhAvanAoM ko kumbhakAra ke mAdhyama se isa prakAra abhivyakta kiyA hai ki jisase hara prANI meM chipI huI zakti udghATita ho gaI hai (pR.7) / isameM jIvana kI atha se lekara iti taka kI grAhya yAtrA aura usake paDAvoM ko bar3I hI AkarSaka zailI meM prastata kiyA hai, isalie yaha anaThA mahAkAvya hai| samUce kAvya ke adhyayana se adhyetA isa niSkarSa para pahu~ca jAtA hai ki kavi ko rUpaka tattva adhika priya hai| mUkamATI apane-Apa meM eka rUpaka banakara sAmane AtI hai aura saritA, kumbhakAra, kaMkara Adi ko mAdhyama banA kara prastuta se aprastuta aura aprastuta se prastuta kI abhivyaMjanA karatI hai / isa abhivyaMjanA meM sAdhaka kI AsthA bharI sAdhanA nikaSa bana jAtI hai, jisakI pRSThabhUmi meM samyak AcaraNa aura samyak jJAnapUrvaka tapa pratiphalita hotA hai aura isa pratiphalana meM karuNA aura muditA jaise zubha bhAva acchI taraha se jur3a jAte haiN| ___kavi ne kAvya ko cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai / aisA lagatA hai ki mATI kI vikAsa kathA ke hI cAra sopAna kara die hoN| prathama khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' meM kavi ne sarvaprathama saritA taTa kI mATI ko prakRti ke pariveza meM prastuta kiyA hai, jahA~ vaha mA~ dharatI se eka jvalanta prazna pUchatI hai ki usakI isa paryAya/jIvana yAtrA kA anta kaba hogA ? yaha prazna hara sAMsArika prANI ke mana meM usa samaya ubharatA hai, jaba vaha saritA kI kaThora jIvana laharoM ke samAna uttapta saMgharSoM se jUjhatA hai / yaha prazna usakI cetanA meM aisA baiTha jAtA hai ki prazna ke uttara ko khojane ke lie vaha sAdhu-satsaMgoM ko eka kumbhakAra ke rUpa meM grahaNa kara letA hai| usakI AsthA dhIre-dhIre balavatI hotI jAtI hai aura cetana kI sRjanazIlatA meM kumbhakAra kI sahAyatA se vaha Age bar3hatI calI jAtI hai / jisa prakAra mATI ko jalatattva ke mizraNa se cikanA kara diyA jAtA hai aura usameM se varNa-saMkara ke rUpa meM kaMkara-patthara nikAla kara pheMka die jAte haiM, usI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 355 taraha jIvana ke vividha paryAyoM/sthitiyoM meM ApadAoM ko kucalate hue sAdhaka vizuddhi ke kSetra meM Age bar3ha jAtA hai aura aneka gutthiyoM ko sulajhA letA hai| kaMkara mATI meM milatA nahIM, phUlatA nahIM, jala dhAraNa karane kI usameM kSamatA nahIM; isalie vaha abhavya/nirarthaka kI taraha pheMka diyA jAtA hai| zilpI jala chAna kara bAlaTI se zeSa jala ko AhistA - AhistA kue~ meM vApisa DAlatA hai| isI prasaMga meM kavi ne sahadharmI meM hI vairabhAva utpanna hone kA prasaMga upasthita kiyA hai, jisase vaha kahanA cAhatA hai ki eka samAja ke bIca hI adhikAMza jhagar3e huA karate haiN| eka samAja ke dUsare samAja ke sAtha jhagar3e apekSAkRta kama hote haiN| isI ke sAtha kavi ne yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA hai ki kisa prakAra machalI pralobhana ke vazIbhUta hokara pAnI se bAhara to A jAtI hai, para pAnI ke binA vaha apane jIvana ko bacA bhI nahIM pAtI / yaha soca kara zilpI use kue~ meM vApisa chor3a detA hai / yaha rUpaka spaSTa karatA hai ki vyakti kitanA bhI viziSTa kyoM na ho, samAja se bAhara raha kara apanA vikAsa nahIM kara sakatA / usake jIvana kA dharma dayA honA cAhie- "dayA-visuddho dhammo" (pR. 88) / svabhAva aura vibhAva kI mImAMsA isa sandarbha meM draSTavya hai : "anta samaya meM/apanI hI jAti kAma AtI hai/zeSa saba darzaka rahate haiM dArzanika bana kara !/aura/vijAti kA kyA vizvAsa ? Aja zvAsa-zvAsa para/vizvAsa kA zvAsa ghuTatA-sA dekhA jA rahA hai"pratyakSa !" (pR. 72) mahAkAvya kA dUsarA bhAga vyaktitva ke nirmANa kA hai, jisameM usakA ahaM visarjita ho jAtA hai aura vaha apane ArAdhya ko samarpita ho jAtA hai / isa prasaMga meM kavi ne miTTI meM pAnI kA mizraNa kiyA aura pAnI ne mATI meM nae prANa phUMke / mATI phUla gaI aura phira zilpI use sa~bhAlane aayaa| usane dekhA, mATI meM eka TUTA, adhamarA kA~TA par3A huA hai, jisameM jIne kI to AzA hai para mana se mAyA dUra nahIM huI / yahI prasaMga Age bar3hatA jAtA hai aura kA~Te tathA phUla ke bIca saMvAda upasthita hotA hai / kA~Te ke binA phUla kA astitva hI kyA ? yaha isakA pratIka hai ki jIvana saMgharSa kI kahAnI hai aura saMgharSoM se hI jIvana vizuddhi kI ora bar3hatA hai| zilpI mATI ko paira se rauMdatA hai aura use ghar3e ke anukUla banAtA hai| mATI zilpI ke pairoM se kucalI jAne para bhI mauna rahatI hai aura usakA mana mAna-mAyA se mukta rahatA hai / isa sandarbha meM kavi ne bar3I sundara aura sarasa zailI meM nava rasoM ke svarUpa ko udghATita kiyA hai / isa bIca mATI kA AzA-pAza samApta ho jAtA hai aura zilpI use cAka para car3hA detA hai / kumbhakAra kA yaha cakra saMsAra kA saMsaraNa hai, janma-maraNa kI prakriyA hai / AcAryoM ne ise arahaTa kI bhI upamA dI hai| kAvya kA tRtIya khaNDa kumbha kI parIkSA se sambaddha hai / vaha Aga meM pakAyA jAtA hai| eka ora use avA kI agni kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai to dUsarI ora sUrya kA aura bAdaloM kA prakopa sahana karanA par3atA hai / isa prasaMga meM kavi ne paramparA se alaga haTa kara mahilAoM kI prazaMsA kI hai aura unakI zakti ko pahacAnA hai / isake Age mATI ko megha, bijalI aura oloM kA bhI sAmanA karanA par3atA hai / ina sabake bAvajUda mATI kA ghar3A aDiga rahatA hai, bhasma nahIM hotA / ghar3e kI ye sArI parIkSAe~, jIvana kI parIkSAe~ haiM, jisameM sAdhaka ko uttIrNa honA Avazyaka hai| ___ caturtha khaNDa meM ghar3e kI antima parIkSA hai / zilpI avA kA nirmANa karatA hai, babUla kI lakar3iyA~ lagAtA hai / aura phira usameM kumbha ko agni-parIkSA denI par3atI hai| agni se uThA huA dhuA~ (tAmasa) kumbha khA letA hai aura usase usameM samatA A jAtI hai| yaha samatA vargAtIta apavarga kA pratIka hai| isake bAda kumbha ko bAz2Ara meM rakhA jAtA hai| vahA~ eka seTha kA naukara parakha karake use prApta kara letA hai aura usakA upayoga sAdhu-santa ke AhAra dAna meM par3agAhane hetu seTha maMgala kalaza ke rUpa meM karatA hai / yahI kumbha nadI kI bAr3ha se parivAra sahita seTha ko bacAtA hai| sabhI kumbha ke
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________________ 356 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sahAre se nadI ke pAra ho jAte haiN| isa khaNDa meM kathA ko Age bar3hAne ke lie sAdhu kI AhAra prakriyA, seTha ke vividha rUpa, macchara-matkuNa, AtaMkavAda jaise tattvoM ko bhI samAhita kiyA gayA hai| ___ samUcA kAvya mukta chanda meM likhA gayA hai, isalie par3hane meM eka pravAha banA rahatA hai; parantu vaha pravAha taba ruka jAtA hai jaba kavi kisI prasaMga ko anAvazyaka rUpa se lA detA hai athavA prasaMga kA anAvazyaka rUpa se vistAra karane lagatA hai| udAharaNa ke taura para seTha dvArA AhAra dAna kI prkriyaa|| 'mUkamATI' kA kavi prakRti kA sundara citerA hai; usakI kalpanA meM mATI prakRti pradatta tattva hai, jisake varNana se hI kAvya prArambha hotA hai / saritA taTa kI mATI ke prasaMga meM USAkAla kA varNana dekhie, kitanI gaharAI hai kavi kalpanA meM: "prAcI ke adharoM para/manda madhurima muskAna hai/sara para pallA nahIM hai aura/sindUrI dhUla ur3atI-sI/raMgIna-rAga kI AbhA-/bhAI hai, bhAI ..! lajjA ke ghUghaTa meM/DUbatI-sI kumudinI/prabhAkara ke kara-chuvana se bacanA cAhatI hai vaha;/apanI parAga ko-/sarAga-mudrA ko pA~khuriyoM kI oTa detI hai / " (pR. 1-2) aisA lagatA hai kavi prakRti kI goda meM baiThakara apane Apako adhika sajIlA pAtA hai / zItakAlIna sUrya kI kiraNeM use taba adhika bhAtI haiM jaba ve per3a-paudhoM kI DAla-DAla para par3ane lagatI haiN| dina kI sikur3ana DaratI-bikharatIsI lagatI hai aura rAta ke vistAra meM bhaya, mada aura agha kA bhAra dikhAI detA hai (pa.90-91) / kadAcita yahI kAraNa hai ki AcAryazrI ko mATI kA prayoga bahuta bhAtA hai / unhone AhAra ke sandarbha meM prAkRtika cikitsA kI bahuta pairavI kI hai| unakI dRSTi meM hara marja kI davA mATI kA prayoga hai| yahA~ taka kI hAtha-paira kI TUTI huI haDDI bhI usase jur3a jAtI hai| peya ke rUpa meM dUdha aura takra tathA madhura pAcaka sAttvika bhojana ke rUpa meM karnATakI jvAra kA ravAdAra daliyA adhika acchA lagatA hai (pR. 405 se 407) / ve ise ahiMsAparaka cikitsApaddhati mAnate haiM aura dhyAna-sAdhanA ke lie upayogI mAnate haiN| ___ kavi ke prakRti prema ke sAtha hI hamArA dhyAna unakI kAvyAtmaka pratibhA kI ora bhI AkarSita hotA hai| Adi se anta taka yaha kAvya zabdArthAlaMkAroM se guMthA huA hai| zilpI jaba mATI ko pairoM se rauMdatA hai to kavi usa sandarbha meM vIra, hAsya, raudra Adi nava rasoM kA sundara kalpanAoM se bharA varNana karatA hai aura usakI AkarSaka pAramArthika vyAkhyA bhI (pR. 129-160) / upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka kI goda meM yamaka aura anuprAsa alaMkAroM kI chaTA dekhate hI banatI hai| zabdoM ke anvayIkaraNa paddhati meM kavi adhika mAhira hai / jaise-avasAna, aba+zAna (pR. 1), kama+bala, kambala (pR. 92), namana, na+mana, nama+na (pR. 97), rAjasattA, rAjasa+tA (pR. 104), pAvanatA, pA~va+natA (pR. 114), dhokhA, dho+khA (pR. 122), parakho, para+kho (pR. 124), svapna, sva+p+na (pR. 295) Adi / isa kAvya meM lokoktiyoM aura kahAvatoM kA sundara vizleSaNa bhI huA hai| udAharaNa ke taura para- "bahatA pAnI aura ramatA jogI" (pR. 448), "bina mA~ge motI mile/mA~ge mile na bhIkha'' (pR. 454), "bAyeM hiraNa dAyeM jAya-laMkA jIta/rAma ghara Aya' (pR. 25), "mu~ha meM rAma/bagala meM churI" (pR. 72) aadi| kavi kI mAtRbhASA kannar3a hai, lekina hindI kA yaha vizAla mahAkAvya de kara usane yaha siddha kara diyA hai ki hindI kitanI sarala aura subodha hai / kavi saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza jaisI prAcIna bhASAoM kA paNDita to hai hI para use marAThI, baMgalA tathA aMgrejI bhASAoM kA bhI gahana adhyayana hai / prastuta mahAkAvya meM ina bhASAoM ke jahA~-tahA~ katipaya
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 357 zabda naz2ara Ate haiM, para unase hindI kI prAMjalatA meM koI antara nahIM AyA / kAvya kI saMskRtaniSTha zailI meM jo rasodreka kiyA hai usakI carvaNA meM pAThaka AkaNTha magna ho jAtA hai| vaha kahIM UbatA nahIM hai, eka hI baiThaka meM upanyAsa- jaisA par3ha lenA cAhatA hai / isake bAvajUda kAvya meM gahanatA aura vidagdhatA bharI huI hai| yaha bAta to huI kAvya ke bhAva pakSa aura kalA pakSa kI / aba hama thor3A darzana pakSa ko bhI TaTola leN| kavi ne kAvya ke prArambhika pannoM para 'AsthA' kA mahattva darzAyA hai, jisase aisA lagatA hai ki samyagdarzana kA mahattva prastuta kiyA jA rahA ho| saritA taTa kI mATI ke uttara meM mA~ dharatI ne mATI se saMgati kA phala aura AsthA kA mahattva batAyA hai jo samyak darzana ke prasthAna bindu ko dyotita karatA hai : "... jIvana kA / AsthA se vAstA hone para / rAstA svayaM zAstA hokara sambodhita karatA sAdhaka ko / sAthI bana sAtha detA hai / AsthA ke tAroM para hI / sAdhanA kI aMguliyA~ / calatI haiM sAdhaka kI, sArthaka jIvana meM taba / svarAtIta saragama jharatI hai ! / samajhI bAta, beTA ?" (pR. 9) AsthA kI yAtrA kavi kI dRSTi meM niSThA aura pratiSThA se cala kara saMsthA meM pariNata hotI hai jise usane avyaya avasthA kahA hai aura use hI mAnA hai saccidAnanda kA kendra - bindu (pR. 120-121) / tabhI to vaha kaha sakA: " nIMva kI sRSTi vaha / puNyApuNya se racI isa / carma - dRSTi meM nahIM apitu / AsthA kI dharma-dRSTi meM hI / utara kara A sakatI hai|" (pR. 121 ) 'mUkamATI' ke mAdhyama se AcAryazrI ne upAdAna aura nimitta kA jhagar3A bhI hala kara diyA hai| unhoMne kAvya ke anta meM yaha spaSTa kara diyA hai ki kArya kA janaka upAdAna kAraNa hI nahIM, apitu nimitta bhI hai: "kevala upAdAna kAraNa hI / kArya kA janaka hai - / yaha mAnyatA doSa - pUrNa lagI, nimitta kI kRpA bhI anivArya hai / / hA~ ! hA~ ! / upAdAna - kAraNa hI kArya meM DhalatA hai /yaha akATya niyama hai, / kintu / usake Dhalane meM nimitta kA sahayoga bhI Avazyaka hai|" (pR. 480 - 481 ) sArA mahAkAvya svabhAva aura vibhAva kI vyAkhyA karatA hai / mahAsattA ko pahacAnane kA patha-darzana karatA hai| saMgIta kI chAyA meM AtmA kI zakti ko abhivyakta karatA hai aura sAdhu ke AcaraNa ko pAtheya ke rUpa meM prastuta karatA hai / vastuta: usakI dRSTi meM vyakti kA AcaraNa usakI khulI kitAba hai jahA~ rAga, dveSa, moha, krodha zAnta ho jAte haiM aura AtaMkavAda parade ke pIche lupta ho jAtA hai| yahI zramaNa kI samatA aura gaNatantra kI paramparA hai| mATI se maMgala kalaza taka pahu~cane meM use jina par3AvoM kA Azraya lenA par3atA hai unakA sundara aura sarasa citraNa isa kAvya meM milatA hai| isameM na dvandva hai, na yuddha hai, na zRMgAra hai, na viyoga hai balki sAMsArikatA ko samApta karane kA eka amiTa pAtheya hara panne meM TaMkita hai / isalie zAnta rasa isakA pramukha rasa hai, jahA~ karuNA kI saritA bahatI hai, AsthA kA phUla khilatA hai aura cidAnanda caitanyamaya rasa phalita hotA hai / isake lie sva- para jJAna kI anubhUti Avazyaka hai (pR. 375 ) / zAyada isIlie kavi ne kumbha kI vizeSatA batAte hue zramaNa kI sahI mImAMsA kI hai aura samatA kI naI-naI parteM ukerI haiM (pR. 377-381) / seTha kA prasaMga lAkara macchara aura matkuNa kI bhUmikA meM samAjavAda kA bhI apane DhaMga se dArzanika artha kiyA hai (pR. 460 - 461) /
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________________ 358 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'mUkamATI' ke talasparzI adhyayana se yaha tathya bhI sAmane AtA hai ki AcAryazrI ke mana meM nArI ke prati apAra karuNA aura vedanA bharI huI hai| unakI sAmAjika sthiti se unheM santoSa nahIM hai aura ve cAhate haiM ki nArI kI zakti aura pratibhA kA vikAsa kiyA-karAyA jAnA caahie| mATI kI bhUmikA meM unakA mana kadAcit nArI kI mUkatA aura usakI prabala sattA ke prati Azvasta rahA hai| unhoMne mA~ kI iyattA ko pahacAnA hai aura nArI varga kI ahamiyata ko parakhA hai tabhI to mATI maMgala kalaza banakara sarvocca pavitra zikhara taka pahu~catI hai jahA~ adhyAtma kI sundara saritA bahatI hai aura vizuddha vAtAvaraNa meM apanI gaharI sA~sa letI hai| yaha usI kA upAdAna hai bhale hI use kisI nimitta kI AvazyakatA rahatI ho| mA~ ke prati kavi kI mamatA aura Adara kAvya ke prArambhika pannoM meM to hai hI, para unhone dvitIya khaNDa meM bhI yaha kahakara usake prati sammAna vyakta kiyA hai ki mA~ apanI santAna kI susupta zakti ko saceta aura sAkAra kara detI hai satsaMskAroM se (pR. 148) / isI taraha caturtha khaNDa meM prakRti aura puruSa ke bIca sambandha ko spaSTa karate hue unhoMne puruSa meM pratibimbita kriyAoM-pratikriyAoM meM nArI ko hI prabala kAraNa mAnA hai| usake vikAsa aura patana kI dhurI bhI nArI hai| yahA~ yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki kavi ne lIka se haTakara nArI aura usake paryAyavAcI zabdoM kI aisI sundara mImAMsA kI hai, jisase prAcIna AcAryoM dvArA kie gae ina zabdoM ke artha ekadama parade ke pIche cale gae haiM aura nArI kI garimA mukharita ho uThI hai / nArI, mahilA, abalA, kumArI, strI, sutA, duhitA, mAtR, aMganA Adi zabdoM ke yadi nae artha Apako dekhanA ho to 'mUkamATI' ke pR. 201 se 208 palaTa DAlie, taba Apa pAeMge ki AcAryazrI kI dRSTi meM nArI kI upAdAna zakti kitanI teja hai| isase bhI jaba unheM santoSa nahIM huA to Age ke pRSThoM meM unhoMne samatA kI A~khoM se lakhane vAlI mRdutA-muditA-zIlA nArI kI aura bhI prazaMsA kI hai / aisA lagatA hai ki unhoMne nArI kI sahana- zIlatA, usake kSIra-nIra-viveka aura snehilatA ko bhalIbhA~ti pahacAnA hai, jise unhoMne apane kAvya meM sazakta zabdoM meM ukerA hai (pR. 208-209) / ___ maiM yaha anubhava karatI hU~ ki 'mUkamATI' jaise sudRr3ha vizAla mahAkAvya kI yaha samIkSA nitAnta aparyApta hai| usa para to koI likhane baiThe to usase bhI duganA grantha taiyAra ho sakatA hai / isameM jaina dharma aura darzana ke pramukha siddhAnta to haiM hI, para jo vizeSa bAta kahanI hai vaha yaha ki kAvya AcAryazrI kA jIvana darzana lekara vyakti ke samakSa upasthita hotA hai| vastuta: kAvya kI pRSThabhUmi meM kavi ne vyakti ke nirmANa kI kalA ko supratiSThita kiyA hai aura mATI jaise upekSita tattva kA AdhAra lekara use AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke carama zikhara taka pahu~cAyA hai, jise dekhakara svarNa kalaza parezAna ho uThatA hai aura IyAvaza bahuta kucha maMgala kalaza ke virodha meM AvAz2a uThAne kA asaphala prayatna karatA hai / adhyAtma ke kSetra meM yaha dhana kI nissAratA kA sUcaka hai| kula milA kara 'mUkamATI eka sazakta mahAkAvya hai, jisane jIvana ke hara kSetra ko chuA hai aura adhyAtma se sarAbora kara diyA hai / Akhira aisA hotA bhI kyoM nahIM, yaha kRti antata: eka nispRhI digvAsI santa kI kRti hai na! hA~, lekhanI banda karate-karate kabIra kA dhyAna A gayA jahA~ unhoMne mATI aura kumbhakAra ke bIca saMvAda prastuta kara citrita kiyA hai : "mATI kahe kumhAra soN|" kabIra to itanA hI kaha sake para hamAre virAgI santa ne to usa para eka vizAla mahAkAvya kA prAsAda khar3A kara diyA, jisameM prasAda aura oja guNa to haiM hI, kAvya pratibhA se mAdhurya guNa bhI isameM kUTa-kUTa kara bharA hai| AdhyAtmika darzana aura kAvya sauSThava kA manorama samanvaya dekhakara kauna-sA sahRdaya pAThaka, ise par3ha kara abhibhUta nahIM hogA? Aie, isake hara panne ko hama samajheM aura AtmavikAsa meM usakA upayoga kreN| [tIrthaMkara (mAsika), indaura-madhyapradeza, disambara, 1990]
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________________ A mythopoetic epic of Jainism Dr. Om Prakash Biyani Ind: Mookmaatee (The Silent Clay) by Acharya Vidyasagar, an exalted penancee of the Nature Clad' Digambar sect of Jainism, has already created waves both among watchers of Hindi literature and scholars of Jainism. It was written between 1984 and 1987 and its popularity is growing. While the question is being debated as to whether or not it should be called an epic, devotees and other readers continue to get their thrills from it. In diction it is simple enough to tempt the lay reader and in thought profound enough to interest the munees (monks) and post-doctoral researchers. Its use of free verse is of the modernist tradition while the generous sprinklings of wit, verbal horseplay and its own 'metaphysics' in the sense that Dinne's poetry had it), ensure it a unique position in Hindi literature. One finds the signature of the Acharya's style on every page. The work has evoked comparison with Jayshankar Prasad'sepic Kaamaayanee, the supreme Hindi epic of the twentieth century. The poem's argument is simple enough - the elevation of lowly clay to the pinnacle of an edifice. Symbolically, the poem relates the evolution of an object and meek worldling into a refined and exalted soul that achieves liberation or moksh. As the scene opens, the clay, lying forlorn on the bank of the river of life, makes a plaint about her condition to Mother Earth. Moved, Mother Earth discourses on the possibilities of her elevation and the need to struggle and suffer. The Earth assures her that none is so forsaken as to be beyond redemption. The benign potter (symbol for the dispenser of fates) digs it up and loads it on a donkey. Sieved, the clay is mixed with water. The agencies involved in the process, viz. a donkey, a rope, a knot, a bucket, a fish - acquire a symbolic glow. In fact the Acharya specialises in investing incidental words and things with semantic or symbolic significance appropriate to his purpose. In the second canto the clay is given discourses on self-discovery and self-purification in order to dissolve her ego. The potter mixes the clay with water and kneads the mixture. A pitcher is formed on the potter's wheel, dried in the sun and tested for strength. A lion, a dog, a turtle and a rabbit are drawn on the pitcher--to indicate the qualities that an aspirant should have and those he should not. The pitcher is than baked in fire. The baking symbolises hardening through penance. In the third canto the poet redefines the various Hindi/Sanskrit words for woman in a way that would flatter feminists. A subplot with the sea and the sky as actors, is introduced. The picture proves its strength by with-standing a shower of hails. In the fourth and final canto a rich trader buys the pitcher in order eventually to set it on the pinnacle of a temple. The golden pot perched there as kalash feels insulted and responds with acts of terrorism. This is the final decisive battle between good and evil. Predictably, the silent clay wins. Mother Earth is pleased with the clay's progress on the path of liberation. The plot is slender yet vivacious and the power of poetry mythopoetic. Generous doses of philosophising are interlarded. Yet interest is sustained, as in Kabir, by the magic of language. The Acharya's verbal dexterity of an unfamiliar kind makes the images leap off the pages. The characters such as the clay, Mother Earth, the rich merchant, the golden kalash are vividly drawn. They are not allegorical marionettes. WI,
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________________ 360 :: 4*HICT-HARAT The attraction of Mookmaatee lies partly in the poet's bit, puns and reversals, and partly in the freedom gained by a renunciation of conventional mater and rhyme. He assigns new meaning to fragments of words in a pseudo-etymological way. Internal rhymes, which sometimes appear somewhat forced and expedient, are delightful nonetheless. Reversals reveal great truths. If you want to be a raahee (a way-farer on the spiritual path), you must become a heera (a diamond). The word svapn (dream) is split and redefined : sva is one's own,pis paalan or maintenance, and nis no. A creature lost in dreams, therefore, cannot maintain itself. Yes, etymology is reinvented. At times, the urge to use multiple rhymes compels the poet to stretch the meanings in an oddly appropriate way. "vetana vAle vatana kI ora/kama dhyAna de pAte haiM 31/7 and 317/74 8419 and ?" (q. ???) (The salaried folk can pay little attention to the country and the spiritual seekers can pay little attention to the body.) The contrast between vetan vaale (the salaried people, i.e. those engaged in worldly activities, and chetan vaale (those who care for their consciousness - the spiritual minded folk) is not to be taken literally. The poet successfully suggests the dichotomy between the spiritual and the corporeal with a pair of rhymes that dislocate language. The surprises of diction enable the poet to widen his meanings. Age-old commandments of religion are linguistically redeemed and burnished. It is this 'horseplay' with language that keeps the reader on his toes. Whereas the traditional epic writer strains himselfinventing rhymes and maintaining the meter, the Acharya exerts himself getting extra marvels and mileage from his words. The second task is no less demanding and rewarding. The Acharya doesn't follow the lexicon strictly, rather the lexicographer must try and keep pace with him. Any comprehensive study of the poem must necessarily involve two disciplines - semantics and the philosophy of Jainism. The poet incorporates the various rasas of Indian poetics, perhaps to give his work the full dignity of an epic. Implicit and explicit in the epic is the Jainistic theory ofkarm. An individual is automatically rewarded according to his or her karm and hence there is no need to postulate an intermediary God. Also, one's inherited karm can be overcome by purusharth or 'manly' effort. Mookmaatee affirms anekaantvaad-which incorporates the universal principles of truth and nonviolence, and sayaadvaad-which propounds the principle of unity of all humankind. The poet stresses the triune of gems -right thinking, right knowledge and right conduct. He attacks the contemporary evils both among the godmen who preach without practising and the laity. This epic is a profound psychological document, analysing compassion, humility, envy, violence, etc. It's a seeker's manual. The poem blends all the essentials of Jainism in an original symbolic story of homely and elemental characters. The effervescent inventiveness of language and modern poetic techniques made as succulent as possible, endear it to a wide range of readers. Acharya Vidyasagar's literary credo, that a work of art should enable the reader to distinguish between sin and merit, right and wrong, is embodied in his epic. The wordplay is a bait to lure the reluctant reader. Altogether, this work may come to occupyin Jainist literature the place that Tulsidas's Ramcharitmaanas occupies for Hindiphonic Hindus.
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________________ 'mUkamATI' meM pratipAdita jaina tattvadarzana : eka paricaya DaoN. madhu dhavana 'mUkamATI' jaina darzana ke kalevara meM saMlipta rUpaka mahAkAvya hai, jo bhAratIya dharma-darzana-sAhitya kI ullekhanIya upalabdhi hai / mATI ke mAnavI rUpa kI parikalpanA kara tapasvI AcArya vidyAsAgara ne atyanta kalAtmakatApUrNa alaMkRtacamatkRta zabdoM ke mAdhyama se saMlApa zailI meM jaina dharma ke siddhAntoM kA udghATana kiyA hai / tapasvI santa ne Aja ke vighaTita, pradUSita hote hue sAmAjika pariveza meM tAttvika jIvana darzana kI mahimA kA mUlyAnveSaNa karate hue jainAgamoM ke hRdaya-phalaka para dhuMdhale par3ate arhanta deva ke rUpa tathA AcaraNa ko puna: sthApita kara, mokSa pradAna karane vAlI jaina dIkSA se anuprANita eka nae bhAvabodha ko sampRkta karane kA sazakta evaM saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| tapasvI vidyAsAgara kI tapazcaryA kA sthala prakRti kI ramya goda hone ke kAraNa prastuta mahAkAvya kA Arambha bhI prakRti kI svarNima AbhA kI apUrva chaTA se hotA hai / mahAkavi kA kavi hRdaya yA yoM kahU~ ki AcArya kA tApasa hRdaya tapazcaryA ke mahattva kA ullekha karatA huA pAThaka ko prakRti-patha se svargIya Ananda kA pAna karavAtA huA dArzanikatA ke Thosa dharAtala para lA khar3A karatA hai, jo prazaMsanIya evaM vandanIya bhI hai / tapa bhAratIya naitika jIvana evaM saMskRti kA prANatattva hai / bhAratIya jIvana dharma-darzana, jo zAzvata, udAtta, divyAbhAyukta evaM alaukikatA se sambhUta hai, vaha saba kaThora tapazcaryA ke su-aMka se pratyutpanna hai : "tana aura mana ko/tapa kI Aga meM/tapA-tapA kara jalA-jalA kara/rAkha karanA hogaa|" (pR. 57) 'mUkamATI' kAvya ke kathya aura zilpa kA apanA anUThA vaiziSTya hai / kathya laukika-dainika jIvanacaryA ke pariprekSya meM rUpakoM evaM pratIkoM kA prazraya pAkara AdhyAtmikatA grahaNa karatA hai / yahA~ bauddhika svIkRti dekara eka antardRSTi mUlaka pahacAna kA Agraha hai / mATI rUpI jIva zilpI rUpI guru caraNoM meM pUrNa samarpita ho jAtI hai (pR. 2933) guru mahArAja use varNa-saMkara (pR. 46) kI sthiti se mukta kara kumbha rUpa pradAna karane ke lie usakA parizodhana karate haiM (pR.44-45) / mATI nAnA yAtanAoM, zikSaNa-parIkSaNa se guz2aratI huI paripakvAvasthA ko prApta ho kumbha rUpa meM parivartita ho jAtI hai / kumbha para candana-kesara ke svastika evaM oMkAra paribhUSita kara mAMgalika ghaTa banA diyA jAtA hai aura kumbha guru-pada-prakSAlana karatA hai (pR. 309-324) / isakA kathAnaka tapasvI kI anubhUti se utpAdita hai / jo kucha vaha apane andara mahasUsa karatA hai vahI bhAva use apane samakSa prakRti meM ghaTita hote parilakSita hote haiN| una anubhUtiyoM ko tathA jIva kI mUlabhUta truTiyoM ko taTastha ho lipibaddha kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ jaina darzana ke AdhArabhUta zivatva (parama) kI upalabdhi kaivalya-sAdhanA evaM anekAntavAda dvArA honI batalAI gaI hai| jaina dharma dayAlutA kI zikSA detA hai, ahiMsA para bala detA hai tathA mokSa kI prApti kA mArga prazasta karatA hai, jo 'mUkamATI' meM mukhara huA hai| Aja ke jIvana kI anubhUti bahu-AyAmI hai, ataeva viSaya-vaividhya usakA vaiziSTya bana gayA hai| 'mUkamATI' isakA apavAda nahIM hai / isake cAroM khaNDoM kA phalaka vistRta hI nahIM apitu viSaya kI vividhatA lie hue hai| viSayavaividhya ko dekhie : jaina darzana kI dRSTi se: samatva yoga, trividha sAdhanA mArga, samyak tapa, avidyA yA mithyAtva, nivRtti mArga-pravRtti mArga, jaina dharma ke mUla siddhAnta-zramaNa-zrAvaka-dharma ityAdi, nau tattva (padArtha)- jIva-ajIva-puNya-pApa-Asava
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________________ 362 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA saMvara-bandha-nirjarA tathA mokSa, AtmAnveSaNa, zAzvata sattA kA rahasyodghATana / sAmAjika dRSTi se : parivezagata asaMgatiyA~, bhAratIya bauddhika vighaTana, mUlya saMkramaNa, nArI ke guNa-avaguNa / manovaijJAnika dharAtala kI dRSTi se : viziSTa mAnasika pravRttiyA~ evaM antargranthiyoM kI pratikriyA svarUpa zubha-azubha vikaar| rAjanaitika dharAtala kI dRSTi se : vyakti-rAjanIti-prazAsana-kUTanIti-AtaMkavAda-lokatAntrika mUlyoM meM heraphera, guttnirpeksstaa| mahAkAvya kA nAyaka zilpI hai, jo mahAn jAtIya gaurava evaM bhAratIya-jaina saMskRti kA agradUta hai| 'mUkamATI' ke nAyaka kI sRSTi zilpI yAnI kumbhakAra ko saMkendrita kara kI gaI hai / kumbhakAra zAnti, ahiMsA, santulana, yama-- niyama-Asana-prANAyAma-pratyAhAra-dhAraNA-dhyAna-samAdhi kA vidhAyaka hai / vaha mAnavatA kA pratIka evaM vizuddha tApasa hai (pR. 26-27) / 'khammAmi khamaMtu meM' (pR. 105) ke bhAva se lipta kumbhakAra sahiSNutA (pR. 47), saMvedanazIlatA (pR. 105), vinayazIlatA (pR. 272) kA mUrta rUpa hai / hamAre bhAratIya mahAkAvyoM meM vastu bala (bhautika bala) kI apekSA nAyaka ke Atmika bala para jora diyA jAtA hai, ata: 'mUkamATI' kA nAyaka bhI isakA apavAda nahIM hai| zilpI, jo sAdhanA ke kSetra meM pA~coM indriyoM kA saMvaraNakartA hai; nava rakSApaMktiyoM se brahmacarya ke rakSaNa meM sadaiva jAgRta; krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha rUpa cAra kaSAyoM se mukta; ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya evaM aparigraha rUpa paMcavratoM se yukta; paMca AcaraNoM-samitiyoM (gamana, bhASaNa, eSaNA, AdAna-nikSepaNa aura mala-mUtra Adi visarjana karanA) kA pAlanakartA evaM mana, vacana, kAyA se saMyata hai (pR. 300-301) / Arthika dharAtala kI dRSTi se : artha kA tAtparya - sadupayoga / naitikatA kI dRSTi se : AdarzAtmaka, yathArthaparaka, mUlya zoSakoM ke prati roSa, dRr3ha saMkalpa, UrdhvamukhI-adhomukhI jIvana meM antara, sAdhanAtmaka UrjA kA mahattva, niSThA-pratiSThA-AsthA-anAsthA evaM tAttvika-sAttvika jIvana kA rahasyodghATana.... sAMskRtika cetanA kI dRSTi se : bhAratIya saMskRti meM atithi-stkaar...| sAhityika dRSTi se : yuga saMvedanA, mAnavIya sAmarthya bodha, navIna yuga darzana, vIra-hAsya-raudra-bhayAnaka Adi rasoM kA ullekha, loka niiti...| upacAra kI dRSTi se : gharelU nuskhe aadi...| kathAvastu : prathama khaNDa meM kumbhakAra mATI ko sArthaka rUpa denA cAhatA hai, ata: isake lie anivArya hai ki vaha mATI ko kUTa-pITa-chAnakara mRdu mATI kA rUpa pradAna kare / mATI, jo abhI varNa-saMkara kI sthiti meM hai, vaha apanA maulika varNa-lAbha tabhI kara sakegI, jaba kaMkaroM ko nikAla diyA jaae| dUsare khaNDa meM mATI khodate vakta kumbhakAra kI kudAlI se ghAyala huA kA~TA aura usakA vidroha tathA nava rasoM ke vizleSaNa ke pariprekSya meM jaina dharma ke AcAra kA prakaTIkaraNa / tIsare khaNDa meM zubha-azubha kAryoM ko paribhASita kiyA gayA hai / cauthe khaNDa meM kumbha kA kumbhaka prANAyAma kI prakriyA se lekara seTha kI kathA, sAdhu ke lie AhAra dAna kriyA tathA jainAgamoM ke AcAra-siddhAntoM ko nATakIya DhaMga se prastuta kiyA gayA hai / miTTI ke kumbha ke mAna-sammAna ko dekha svarNa kalaza kA AtaMkavAdI honA, parivAra meM trAhi-trAhi macAnA, vipattiyA~, seTha kA apane parivAra kI rakSA svayaM evaM prAkRtika zaktiyoM, mAnavetara prANiyoM-gaja dala-nAganAginoM se prApta karanA tathA DUbatI nAva se sabakI rakSA karanA ityAdi / nAyikA saritA taTa kI mATI hai / kumbhakAra kI pratIkSA meM yuga-yugoM se baiThI hai| mA~ dharatI se pratIkSA kI ghar3iyoM kA anta suna vaha sArI rAta karavaToM meM kATa detI hai| pala-pala use pulaka kA ehasAsa hotA hai| pratIkSA kI ghar3iyoM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 363 kI samApti jyoM hI kumbhakAra kI ahiMsaka pagataliyoM se hotI hai tyoM hI usameM eka vidyut-sama spandana hotA hai / usakI dRSTi mAtra guru ke atirikta anya kisI vastu ko dekhane meM asamartha hai : "AkAzIya vizAla dRzya bhI / isIlie / zUnya hotA jA rahA hai samIpastha iSTa para/ dRSTi Tikane se / anya saba lupta hI hote haiM / " (pR. 26) mATI meM samarpaNa ke samasta guNa vidyamAna haiM / kumbhakAra use kudAlI se kATatA hai, vaha kaTatI calI jAtI hai; vaha borI meM bA~dhatA hai, ba~dha jAtI hai; sAnatA hai, sana jAtI hai; rauMdatA hai, ru~da jAtI hai; phira hara parIkSaNa meM kharI utaratI huI kramazaH 'zrAvaka-zramaNa-dharma' kA pAlana karatI huI karmoM ke bandhana se chUTa, pUrNatA prApta kara letI hai| mATI kA kumbha hAtha meM le seTha, pAtra ke padoM para jyoM hI jhukA, tyoM hI kandarpa - darpa se dUra guru-pada-nakha- darpaNa meM usane (kumbha) apanI chavi dekhI aura dhanya-dhanya kaha uThA / jaina darzana ke pramukha prameya utpAda, vyaya aura dhauvya haiN| 'utpAda' se tAtparya yaha hai ki sRSTi meM jo kucha hai, vaha pahale se hI vidyamAna hai tathA jo nahIM hai, usase kisI tattva kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI / 'vyaya' se abhiprAya hai ki pratyeka padArtha apane pUrva rUpa ko chor3akara kSaNa-kSaNa meM navIna paryAyoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai / 'dhauvya' yaha vizvAsa hai ki padArthoM ke rUpAntara kI yaha prakriyA sanAtana hai / usakA kabhI bhI avarodha yA nAza nahIM hotA / jagat kA pratyeka sat pratikSaNa parivartita hokara bhI kabhI naSTa nahIM hotA / vaha utpAda, vyaya aura dhauvya trilakSaNa rUpa hai / koI bhI padArtha cetana ho yA acetana, isa niyama kA apavAda nahIM hai (draSTavya : saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya, pR. 133) / jaina dharma yaha mAnatA hai ki sRSTi anAdi hai aura jina cha: tattvoM se yaha banI hai ve tattva bhI anAdi haiM- jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza tathA kAla / ina chaH tattvoM meM kevala pudgala hI aisA hai jise hama sparza, rasa, ghrANa, cakSu, zravaNa indriyoM (pR. 329-330) ke dvArA anubhava kara sakate haiM / pudgala ko mUrta dravya bhI kahA jAtA hai| pudgala svayaM hI paramANu rUpa hai yA paramANuoM ke yoga se banA hai / yaha sArI sRSTi hI paramANuoM kA samanvita rUpa hai / bhAvapakSa kI dRSTi se darzana gahana, vyApaka arthabodhaka hai / manuSya cirakAla se hI 'Ananda' tattva kI khoja meM sannaddha rahA hai| samaya-samaya para bar3e - bar3e tattva cintakoM, jJAniyoM, AcAryoM, RSiyoM, siddha puruSoM aura yogiyoM ne Ananda tattva kI upalabdhi, parama pada kI prApti ke upAyoM para vicArAbhivyakti tathA anubhUti pradAna kA mArgadarzana kiyA hai / mahAkAvya mahat jIvana darzana se anuprANita kRti hotI hai / samIkSya kAvya meM jaina darzana kA pratipAdana huA hai| jaina dharma kI zikSAoM kA sAra trividha sAdhanA mArga meM dekhA jA sakatA hai- samyak darzana, samyak jJAna, samyak cAritra / 'samyak darzana' se tAtparya hai (jaina dharma meM ) upadiSTa tattvoM meM dRr3ha vizvAsa (pR. 12-13 ) / jaina dharma meM vyAkhyA se upalabdha tattva/padArtha kA jJAna yA kisI kI sahAyatA se prApta kie gae jJAna ko 'samyak jJAna' kahA jAtA hai| mATI kA mAtA dharatI se jJAnArjana karanA yA machalI kA mATI se jJAna ityAdi lenA isI koTi meM AtA hai / ina nau meM pahalA 'jIva' hai| 'jIva' zabda jIvana, jJAna, prANa aura AtmA kA vAcaka hai| jaina mata meM jIva (zuddha jIva) nitya, kevala prakAzamAn hai evaM asIma prasanna rahatA hai| zarIra meM rahatA huA 'jIva' AtmA kA rUpa hai / ata: zarIra meM vidyamAna hone ke kAraNa apane karmoM kA phalAphala rUpa sukha-duHkha bhogatA hai| apane karmoM ke anusAra dUsarA zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai| use ananta pIr3Ae~ sahanI par3atI haiM, jinakA koI ora-chora nahIM hai (pR. 4) / jIva ke svarUpa se viparIta 'a - jIva' kA svarUpa hai| yaha jIvana - zUnya bhautika tattva hai / jIva aura a-jIva kA saMyoga bandha hai (pR. 15) / yaha do rUpoM meM svIkRta hai - rUpI - arUpI / jaina-dharma-darzana meM akSuNNa - akhaNDa kAla kA pravAha arUpI hai, ata: isI kAraNa use a-jIva kI zreNI meM ginA jAtA hai| jIva yA a-jIva kA bahanA-1 - pariNamana T
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________________ 364 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA karanA hI isake svarUpa evaM rahasya kA udghATana karanA hai (pR. 290) / jaina-darzana-zAstra meM prAkRtika yA bhautika padArtha ko 'pudgala' kahA jAtA hai| 'kAla' arUpI hai / ise a-jIva kI koTi meM ginA jAtA hai (pR. 161) / acche karmoM kA phala hI 'puNya' hai| puNya prApta karane ke aneka upAya haiN| svastha jJAna, jisase jIvana darzana kA jJAna hotA hai : "svastha jJAna hI adhyAtma hai |/anek saMkalpa-vikalpoM meM vyasta jIvana darzana kA hotA hai |/bhirmukhii yA bahumukhI pratibhA hI darzana kA pAna karatI hai|" (pR. 288) 'pApa' kA AvirbhAva tabhI hotA hai jaba pA~ca zikSAoM para na calA jaae| jaina dharma meM pApoM ke aneka rUpa milate haiN| 'mUkamATI' meM sthAna-sthAna para pApa kI gatividhiyoM kI pratIti huI hai: "rAjA ke mukha meM pAnI !!/apanI maNDalI le AtA hai rAjA maNDalI vaha moha-mugdhA-/lobha-lubdhA,/mudhA-maNDitA bnii|" (pR. 211) jaina mata meM 'Asava' kI paryApta carcA huI hai| 'Asava' yAnI ki jIva dvArA karmoM kA ekatrIkaraNa / jainAgamoM kA kathana hai ki jIva dvArA karmoM kA karanA pApa hai, usase bandhana meM vRddhi hotI hai, aura koI lAbha bhI nahIM hotaa| jaise nAva ke andara cheda hone se pAnI Akara ekatra ho jAtA hai, aisI sthiti meM cheda ko banda karanA hI saMvara' kI sAdhanA hai| "apAra sAgara kA pAra/pA jAtI hai nAva/ho usameM cheda kA abhAva bhara!" (pR. 51) Asrava bhI do prakAra ke haiM- zubha-azubha / zubha Asrava yAnI ki : "laghutA kA tyajana hI,/gurutA kA yajana hI/zubha kA sRjana hai" (pR. 51) / kaMkaroM ko jaba zilpI jJAna pradAna kara cukatA hai to unheM hI "mATI kI zAlInatA/ kucha dezanA detI-sI" tathA "mahAsattA-mA~ kI gaveSaNA-sI" (pR. 51) pratIta huI hai| pApa karmoM kA saMcaya karane vAlA azubha Asrava hai| jIva ko jala kI tarala sattA se yAnI ki sAMsArika AkarSaNoM ke kAraNa ghabarAhaTa kA na honA, saMvara kI sthiti se jIva kA na DaranA, kyoMki jIva kA adhaDUbe himakhaNDa kI sthiti meM hI azubha-Asrava kI sthiti hai| saMvara kA artha hotA hai karmoM ko vazIbhUta kara lenA / jisa tattva se karmoM kA AtmA meM praveza karanA ruka jAtA hai, use 'saMvara' kahA jAtA hai (pR. 51-52) / yaha saMvara kI sthiti atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| isI kI sahAyatA se indriyA~ vaza meM kI jAtI haiM aura AtmasaMyama kiyA jAtA hai| isake abhAva meM mukti kI prApti sambhava nhiiN| kumbha kI pUrNatA yA mukti rUpa taba dikhAI detA hai jaba sAta bAra ghaTa ko bajAyA jAtA hai| ye sAta svara hI saMvara kI sthiti hai| ina sapta svaroM kA bhAva samajhanA hI sahI saMgIta meM khonA hai, sahI saMgI ko pAnA hai| jIva (AtmA) aura pudgala (prAkRtika paramANuoM) ke saMyoga ko 'bandha' kahA jAtA hai / rAga-dveSa ityAdi manovikAroM meM lipta AtmA aise padArthoM ko apanAtA hai, jinase karma banate rahate haiN| bandha kI utpatti pA~ca kAraNoM se hotI hai- mithyA darzana, vairAgya kA abhAva, a-sAvadhAnatA, kaSAya aura yoga ke sadbhAva meM AtmA karmoM ke jAla meM pha~sakara bArambAra zarIra dhAraNa karatA huA duHkhI rahatA hai| zArIrika evaM prANamaya jIvana ke calate cetana bAhya AkarSaNoM se prabhAvita hone kI pravRtti vikasita kara letA hai| aisI ekAnta dhAraNA se adhyAtma kI virAdhanA hotI hai, pariNAmasvarUpa cetana jIvanopayogI anya padArthoM meM Asakta
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 365 hotA hai| satata abhyAsa evaM sva-svarUpa kA ajJAna hI use samatva ke kendra se cyuta kara bAhya padArthoM meM Asakta banA detA hai / vaha zarIra, parivAra evaM saMsAra ke anya padArthoM ke prati mamatva rakhatA hai aura ina para-padArthoM kI prApti-aprApti meM apane ko sukhI yA duHkhI mAnatA hai / kavi kahatA hai :"pApa-pAkhaNDa para prahAra karo/prazasta puNya svIkAra karo !" (pR. 243) usameM para' ke prati AkarSaNa yA vikarSaNa kA bhAva paidA hotA hai (pR. 277) / vaha para ke sAtha rAgAtmaka sambandha sthApita karanA cAhatA hai / isI rAgAtmaka sambandha se vaha bandhana yA du:kha ko prApta hotA hai / 'para' meM Atmabuddhi se jIva meM asaMkhya icchAe~ utpanna hotI haiN| prANI inakI prApti hetu vyAkula rahatA hai / yaha vyAkulatA hI du:kha kA mUla hotA hai| kUpa meM kumbhakAra kI parachAI kA par3anA aura kUpa meM tairatI machalI kI mUrjA kA Urdhva ho uThanA 'sva' kI pahacAna hai| 'sva' kI pahacAna hote hI vaha virakta ho uThatI hai, sAtha hI cintita bhI-'merI jar3a kAyA kaise UrdhvamukhI hogii|' 'nirjarA' se abhiprAya hotA hai karmoM ko AMzika rUpa se sukhA DAlanA yA nAza karanA / yaha pApa karmoM ko naSTa karane kA sazakta mAdhyama hai / mokSa kI prApti meM saMvara tathA nirjarA donoM sthitiyA~ paramAvazyaka mAnI jAtI haiM / inameM itanA hI antara hai ki 'saMvara' karmoM kI vRddhi ko aura AtmA ke andara inake praveza ko rokatA hai tathA 'nirjarA' ekatra kie gae karmoM ko AMzika rUpa se sukhA kara samApta kara detI hai| kumbha ko khulI dhUpa meM rakha kara sukhAnA nirjarA kI sthiti hI mAnI jAnI caahie| nirjarA tabhI sambhava ho sakatI hai jaba jIvana meM saMyama evaM sAdagI ho yAnI tapa kiyA jaae| tapa ko jaina dharma meM atyadhika pramukhatA dI jAtI hai / pratyeka AtmA sAdhanA aura tapazcaryA ke dvArA muktAtmA bana sakatI hai| aisI sthiti meM AtmA kI mokSa rUpa yAnI zarIra - nokarma evaM karmoM kA pUrNata: abhAva tathA pUrNa vizvAsa, pUrNa jJAna aura pUrNa cAritra rUpa 'siddhi' kI dazA hotI hai / 'siddha' zarIra rahita hokara 'siddhi' (siddha zilA ke Upara) meM virAjate haiN| jJAna kI dRSTi se siddha tathA zuddha AtmA meM bheda nahIM hotA hai| mokSa kI vAstavika sAdhanA kevala tapasvI hI kara sakatA hai| inakI pA~ca sthitiyA~ haiM jinakA samanvita nAma 'paMca parameSThI' hai| ye parameSThI arhanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM sAdhu hote haiN| inameM se siddha mokSa dazA ko prApta kara cuke haiM, zeSa cAra usakI prApti hetu sAdhanAzIla hote haiN| jaina dharma meM saMvara aura nirjarA donoM hI mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhate haiN| jaina dharma meM jJAna tathA AcAra-siddhAntoM kA nirmANa inhIM do tattvoM ko lekara kiyA gayA hai| karmoM kI dhArA ko AtmA meM praveza se rokane kI sAdhanA ko cha: vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| tIna aMzoM vAlI 'gupti' (vapuSA-vacasA-manasA)-avA meM jalane vAlI lakar3I ke mAdhyama se prakaTa hotI hai| pA~ca aMzoM vAlI samiti'-kumbhakAra kA yU~ socanA ki kahIM lakar3I kupita na ho jAe, ata: usakI jAgaraNa kI yA sAvadhAnatA, kumbhakAra ke vyavahAra-vArtAlApa-pravacana Adi ina tathyoM kI puSTi karate haiM ki kumbhakAra pA~coM samiti yAnI calane meM sAvadhAnatA, khAne meM sAvadhAnatA, jagat ke vyavahAroM meM sAvadhAnatA , bolane meM sAvadhAnatA evaM mala-mUtra Adi tyAga meM sAvadhAnatA kA vicAra rakhatA hai| kumbhakAra kA yatnapUrvaka machalI ko kue~ ke jala meM vApasa DAlanA, rassI kI gA~Tha kholanA Adi ina tathyoM kI puSTi karate haiN| mUlabhUta dasa dharmo' meM pAe jAne vAle AcAra 'mUkamATI' meM bar3I kalAtmakatA se prastuta kie haiM jo ki kSamA, vinaya (mArdava), nizchalatA (Arjava), pavitratA (zauca), satya, saMyama, jIvana meM sAdagI (tapa), tyAga-bhAvanA, anAsakti (AkiMcanya) evaM zucitA (brahmacarya) rUpa hai / jaba agni avA meM nahIM jalatI to kumbha usase kahatA hai ki cAhe mujha meM kSamA, vinaya, nizchalatA, pavitratA, satya, saMyama, sAdagI, tyAga-bhAvanA evaM anAsakti kyoM na hoM, phira bhI maiM nirdoSa nahIM huuN| jaba taka tuma mere doSoM ko nahIM jalAogI taba taka maiM jilAyA nahIM jA sakatA, mujhameM dasavA~ mUlabhUta guNa 'zucitA' nahIM A sakatI (pR. 276-277) / agni ke lagate hI kumbha ke mukha, udara Adi meM dhUma hI dhUma
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________________ 366 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ghuTa rahA hai / A~khoM meM se prANa nikalane ko haiM, pUrI zakti lagA kumbha ne kumbhaka prANAyAma kiyA (pR. 279) / anala kA parasa pAkara kumbha kI kAyA-kAnti kA jala uThanA hI UrdhvamukhI honA hai / yahI vizuddha parasa hai (pR. 281) / sAgara jala ke prasaMga ke mAdhyama se AcAryazrI ne kaSAyoM kA ullekha kara isa tathya ko ujAgara kiyA hai ki hiMsA ke karmoM kI jar3a inhIM kaSAyoM meM nivAsa karatI hai / jaladhi ke durvyavahAra ke bAvajUda bhI dharatI pratizodha nahIM caahtii| yaha AcaraNoM meM se eka AcaraNa hai jahA~ mana kI avasthA meM samabhAva hotA hai / sUrya kA dharatI ke sAtha nyAya karanA evaM sUrya kA jaladhi-jala ko vASpa banAnA aura varSA ke rUpa meM puna: lauTA denA AdarzabhUta evaM kaSAyahIna AcaraNa evaM vyavahAra kahA jA sakatA hai| isI kAraNa jaladhi kA sUrya ko ghUsa dene kI prakriyA meM asamartha hone kA bhAvabodha hai / candramA kA jala tattva se ghUsa lenA jaina dharma meM ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ke antargata kaSAya kA rUpa-mAyA evaM lobha hai / vasudhA kI sArI sudhA kA sAgara meM ekatra honA, sUrya ke dvArA usakA sevana karanA, sAgara kA vaMcita raha jAnA Adi karmoM kA kartA aura phalAphala ke bhoktA rUpa dhyAna ke siddhAntoM meM se eka hai| apanI karanI para candramA kA lajjita honAapane karmoM kA kartA aura unake phaloM kA jimmedAra haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki vaha coroM kI bhA~ti ma~ha chipAkara rAtri meM bAhara nikalatA hai| yaha prasaMga karmoM ke phala-bhoga aura mRtyu ityAdi ke sandarbha meM AtmA kI vivazatA hI samajhI jAnI caahie| sAgara kaSAyoM se lipta hai isIlie to candra ko dekhakara umar3atA hai aura sUrya ko dekhakara ubala par3atA hai| yaha krodha hai / jala kA sIpiyoM meM muktA rUpa poSaNa samasta sRSTi aura usake svarUpa kI carcA hai ki vahI samAna poSaka tattva samasta prANiyoM ke hote haiM kintu koI muktA bana jAte haiM aura koI kaSAya kA rUpa grahaNa kara lete haiN| dharatI kA badalI kI ora avalokana karmoM kI dhArA kA AtmA kI tarapha bahAva kA prayojana hai / megha se meghamuktA kA avatAra honA dharma mArga kA svarUpa hai| "muktA kI varSA hotI/apakva kumbhoM para/kumbhakAra ke prAMgaNa meM ! pUjaka kA avataraNa!/pUjya padoM meM praNipAta / " (pR. 210) ___ muktAoM kI varSA dekhakara rAjA ke mu~ha meM pAnI AnA hI lobha kaSAya hai aura yahI azuddha avasthA hai| yaha anartha hai / yahA~ parizrama ke mahattva kA sandeza diyA gayA hai / manuSya ko bAhubala milA hai / parizrama ke bala se jIvikopArjana kro| binA parizrama kie navanIta kA golA khAne para bhI vaha nahIM pacegA / ata: mUlabhUta dasa dharmoM ke samasta AcAra yahA~ A jAte haiN| kumbhakAra ke cehare para tIna rekhAe~ khiMcatI haiM- vismaya-viSAda-virati kI / ina bhAvoM kA utpanna honA tathA rAjA ko zApa mukta karanA, rAjA se kSamA yAcanA karanA, samasta muktAoM ko bharakara rAjakoSa meM bheja denA ityAdi pA~ca prakAra- ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, aparigraha evaM brahmacarya ke AcaraNoM meM dUsarA AcaraNa tathA cauthA AcaraNa hai| kalikAla meM bhautikatA kI lalaka dinoMdina bar3hatI jA rahI hai / isa para kaTAkSa kiyA gayA hai ki samAja bauddhikatA ke guNoM se sampanna hote hue bhI dUSita mAnasikatA lie hue hai / muktAoM ke guNoM ke bakhAna se tAtparya AcaraNa ke pA~caveM rUpa kA ullekha hai / AdarzabhUta aura kaSAya se hIna AcaraNa aura vyavahAra kA muktAoM meM vidyamAna honA, ahaMbhAva se asampRkta muktA meM na rAga hai na dveSa aura na mada-mAna-mAtsarya hai / ve pUrva vikAroM se pUrNa mukta muktAtmA haiM yAnI ki 'siddha' haiM / jala/jar3atva se mukta kara muktA-phala banAnA hI jaina darzana hai / muktA phala bananA hI karmoM se chuTakArA pAnA hai| sAgara sIpiyoM ko jala meM DubotA hai kintu vahA~ kitane viSaile jala-jIva haiN| yahA~ isa tathya kA pratipAdana hai ki dharma kA mArga durgama hotA hai evaM saMsAra rUpI sAgara meM bhayaMkara viSadhara rUpI kaSAyeM vidyamAna haiN| dharatI ke mana meM tanika bhI kisI ko vighna pahu~cAne kA bhAva jAgrata na honA yAnI ki zucitA, nizchalatA,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 367 saMyama, kSamA Adi dharma ke mUlabhUta dasa AcAroM dvArA siddhi kA prApta honA hai| tana kA niyantraNa sarala hotA hai aura mana kA niyantraNa asambhava/kaThina hai yAnI dharma kA durbhedya mArga evaM usakA svarUpa hai| ___jaina dharma meM bAIsa prakAra ke kaSToM (parISahoM) kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai-bhUkha, pyAsa, sardI, garmI, macchara Adi se utpanna pIr3A, nagna rahanA, atRpti (arati), nArI, paidala calanA, Asana lagA kara baiThanA, sonA, durvacana sahana, mAra-pITa sahana , bhikSA Adi na mA~ganA, AhAra Adi kA na milanA, roga, kA~Te Adi kA samparka, dhUla, mAna-apamAna, jJAna kA ghamaNDa, ajJAna, dhArmika vizvAsa kI zithilatA Adi (draSTavya-tattvArtha sUtra, 9/9) / jaina sAdhu zarIra ko bhI AtmA kA zatruvat mAnate haiM / ata: ve cuna-cunakara unhIM mArgoM ko apanAte haiM, jinase zarIra ko bhale hI aparimita kaSTa ho kintu ve una paristhiyoM meM bhI samatA dhAraNa kara karmoM ko pRthak kara skeN| 'mUkamATI' meM samatva yoga para bala diyA gayA hai / samatva kI sAdhanA hI sampUrNa AcAra darzana kA sAra hai / jahA~ cetanA hai vahA~ samatva banAe rakhane kA prayAsa dRSTigocara hotA hai / jaina dharma meM naitika evaM AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke mArga ko samatva yoga yAnI trividha-sAdhanA tathA sAdhanA patha ke sAdhya kA anupAlana mAnA hai / vahI Adhunika manovijJAna kI bhASA meM cittavRtti kA samatva, buddhi kA samatva aura AcaraNa kA samatva kahalAtA hai / isa prakAra jaina dharma kA sAdhanApatha samatva yoga kI sAdhanA hI hai, jisase mAnava cetanA ke tIna pakSa - bhAva (jAnanA), jJAna (anubhava karanA), saMkalpa karane kI dhAraNA AtI hai| mA~ dharatI, putrI mATI ko prathama sthiti yAnI jAnane kA mArgadarzana karatI huI kahatI hai ki use rahasya meM nihita gandha kA anapAna karanA hogA (pa. 7) / isake lie samyaka jJAna-cetanA ke jJAnAtmaka pakSa ko satya kI upalabdhi kI ora le jAnA hogA / svaccha hIraka jaladhArA ke dRSTAnta ko prastuta kara jIvana meM saMgati para sAvadhAnI baratane kA parAmarza hai / jIvana kA sAdhya tabhI sambhava hai jaba jJAna, cetanA aura saMkalpa - ye tInoM samyak hokara sAdhanA-patha kA nirmANa kara dete haiM aura yahI pUrNa hokara sAdhya ho jAte haiN| gadhe kI chilatI huI pITha ko dekha mATI kI patalI sattA anukSaNa anukampA se sabhIta ho hilane lgii| kucha kSaNoparAnta mATI kI karuNA borI se chana-chanakara gadhe kI ragar3a khAtI pITha para marahama bana jAtI hai / jainAcAryoM ne ahiMsAvAda ko atyadhika mahattva diyA hai| sArA dharma isI dhurI para TikA huA hai| _ bauddha dharma meM ahiMsA kI eka sImA hai ki svayaM kisI jIva kA vadha na karo, lekina jaina dharma meM ahiMsA bilakula nissIma hai| svayaM hiMsA karanA, dUsaroM se hiMsA karavAnA yA anya kisI bhI taraha se hiMsA meM kevala zArIrika ahiMsA ke niSedha taka hI sImita nahIM hai, pratyuta bauddhika hiMsA karanA bhI niSedha hai / yaha bauddhika ahiMsA (anumodanA) hI jaina darzana kA anekAntavAda hai / mATI kI udAsatA, ki isa chilana kA nimitta 'maiM hI hU~, kA yahI pramukha kAraNa hai| cauthe khaNDa meM seTha kI kathA ke mAdhyama se sampUrNa jaina darzana ko vividha prasaMgoM, pIr3AoM ke mAdhyama se svara diyA hai| vaidika dharma jaise sthUla zarIra ke bhItara eka sUkSma zarIra kI sattA para vizvAsa karatA hai, usI bhA~ti jaina darzana bhI sthUla zarIra ke bhItara sUkSma karma-zarIra para vizvAsa karatA hai / sthUla zarIra ke chUTa jAne para bhI yaha karma-zarIra jIva ke sAtha rahatA hai aura vahI use phira anya zarIra dhAraNa karavAtA hai / khasakhasa ke dAne-sA bahuta choTA hotA hai bar3a kA bIja, use hama sUkSma karma-zarIra mAna leM aura bar3a ke bIja ke puna: aMkurita hone kI prakriyA ko puna: anya zarIra dhAraNa karane kI bAta mAna leM to tathya samajha meM A jAtA hai / sAtha hI AtmA kI manovaijJAnika icchAoM se- vAsanA, moha, tRSNA, kAmAdi se isa karma zarIra kI sampuSTi yAnI bar3a ko aMkurita hone ke lie samayocita khAda, havA, jala kI prApti se phalanA-phUlanA / karma zarIra tabhI chUTa sakatA hai jaba jIva vAsanAoM se mukta ho jAtA hai| ___jaina dharma yaha mAnatA hai ki sattA zAzvata hotI hai| isake kisI bhI sat kA sarvathA nAza nahIM hotA, na kisI asat se nae sat kA utpAdana hI sambhava hai :
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________________ 368 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "sattA zAzvata hotI hai/sattA bhAsvata hotI hai beTA! rahasya meM par3I isa gandha kA/anupAna karanA hogaa|" (pR. 7) seTha kA parama puruSa (sAdhu) se prazna karanA ki kyA gati-pragati-Agati tathA nati-unnati-pariNati ina sabakA niyantA kAla ko mAnA jAe ? prati padArtha svatantra hai, kartA svatantra hotA hai-yaha siddhAnta sadoSa hai kyA ? 'hone' rUpa kriyA ke sAtha-sAtha karane' rUpa kriyA bhI to koSa meM hai nA (pR. 348) ? jaina dharma meM puruSArtha ke sUtra ko pakar3akara yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki 'puruSa' yAnI AtmA-paramAtmA hai tathA 'artha' yAnI prAptavya-prayojana hai / AtmA ko chor3akara saba padArthoM ko vismRta karanA hI sahI puruSArtha hai (pR. 349) / bAhya evaM Abhyantara parigrahoM se nAtA tor3akara, nagna banakara vairAgyabhAvoM ke sAtha sAdhanA karake saMsAra-bandhana se mukti pAI jA sakatI hai| jaina dharma kI eka zAkhA yaha mAnatI hai ki jaba taka jIva ko nagna hote hue bhI zarIra kI nagnatA kA bhAna banA rahatA hai, isa prakAra ke bhAna ke rahane taka pUrNa vairAgya/adhyAtma kI sthiti nahIM hotI / mokSa kI prApti tabhI sambhava hai jaba manuSya saMsAra kI hara vastu ko tyAga kara samasta bandhanoM evaM mana meM ekatrita sAMsArika viSayavAsanAoM ke bhoga ke saMskAroM se chuTakArA pA le, vahI 'nirgrantha' yAnI ki granthihIna khlaaegaa| nirgranthapanthI kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA nahIM karate / rasanA rassI se kahatI hai ki yadi svAmI rassI kI gA~Tha nahIM kholate to gA~Tha girrA para Akara jhaTakA khAegI aura bAlaTI kA pAnI chalakakara kUpa meM jA giregaa| isa kAraNa se kUpa meM vicaraNa karane vAle jIvoM ko coTa to lagegI hI, sAtha hI unakI akAla mRtyu bhI ho sakatI hai : "nirgrantha-dazA meM ho/ahiMsA palatI hai, pala-pala panapatI,/"bala pAtI hai|" (pR. 64) jaina dharma anIzvaravAdI hai yAnI Izvara saMsAra kA sraSTA hai, isa tathya ko asvIkRta karatA hai / vaha isa vicAra para Agraha karatA hai ki AtmAe~ saMkhyA meM ananta haiN| jIva kA brahma meM lIna honA mokSa nahIM hai, balki mokSa vaha avasthA hai jisameM AtmA svayaM pUrNatA prApta kara letA hai / mATI kA machalI ko bhavyAtmA kahakara sambodhana karanA isI vicAra kA pratipAdana hai / kUpa meM 'dayAvisuddho dhammo' kI dhvani se pratidhvani kA prasphuTita honA AtmA kA prakAzamaya aura Anandamaya honA hai| jaina dharma karmavAdI hai / isakA mUla dhyeya manuSyoM/jIvoM ko karmoM se pariSkRta karanA evaM unnata banAnA hai, jise hama kumbha banane kI prakriyA meM sampUrNa mahAkAvya meM dekhate haiN| isake sAtha-sAtha jaina gRhastha ko paMca vratoM (aNuvratoM) kA praNa lenA par3atA hai-ahiMsA ( pR. 369-370), satya (pR. 371), asteya (pR. 378), brahmacarya (pR. 384) aura aparigraha (pR. 385) / aparigraha ke dvArA gRhastha ko yaha praNa lenA par3atA hai ki vaha apanI AvazyakatA se adhika saMpatti apane pAsa nahIM rakhegA, use dAna meM degA (pR.387,467) / matkuNa ke kathana ke mAdhyama se parokSa rUpa se isI tathya para prakAza DAlA gayA hai: "inake udAra hAthoM meM/pakSAghAta ke lakSaNa dikhane lagate haiM,... jo kucha diyA jAtA/yA denA par3atA/vaha durbhAvanA ke sAtha hii|" (pR. 387) kabhI-kabhI manuSya jaba ekAnta, viparIta, vainayika, saMzaya evaM ajJAna rUpa mithyAtva ke vazIbhUta ho skhalana kI sthiti ko prApta hotA hai to bodhi kI cir3iyA phurra ho jAtI hai (pR. 12) / isameM karma cetanA kI ora jIvana kA dhyAna khIMcA gayA hai : "AyAsa se DaranA nahIM, Alasya karanA nahIM" (pR. 11) ke kathana dvArA pariNamanazIlatA kI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 369 anivAryatA kA rahasyodghATana kiyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkaratva athavA arhantAvasthA prApta karane ke uparAnta saMgha sthApanA evaM dharma cakra pravartana kI samasta prakriyAe~ lokahita ke lie hotI haiM / arhanta 'sakala' brahma haiM yAnI jinhoMne cAra ghAtiyA karmoM kA nAza karake paramAtma pada prApta kara liyA hai, kintu zarIra evaM karmoM ke kSaya hone taka unheM isa saMsAra meM rukanA hai (pR. 346) / arhanta kA parama audArika zarIra hotA hai| ve sazarIrI kahalAte haiN| 'niSkala' evaM 'sakala' yAnI azarIrI aura sazarIrI (dravya-bhAva evaM nokarma rahita / sahita) ke atirikta inameM (siddha evaM arhanta) aura koI bheda nahIM hai / kAvya jagat meM bhASA kI sazakta bhUmikA hotI hai| 'mUkamATI' kI sarjanAtmaka bhASA hameM kavi ke bhASAyI jJAna se avagata karAtI hai / yaha tathAkathita tathya sarvavidita hai ki zabdoM kI parisamApti para bhI sazakta kavitA hAvI rahatI hai kintu isake viparIta zabdoM kI gatizIlatA banI rahane para bhI azakta kavitA hAvI nahIM hotI / ataH niSkarSa yaha hai ki mAtra zabdArtha hI nahIM apitu saMvedanazIlatA bhI anivArya tattva hai / 'mUkamATI' meM prayukta bhASA meM saMvedanAtmakatA hai| AcAryazrI ne bhASA ko navIna arthavattA pradAna kI hai / kAvya meM bhASA evaM bhAvAnubhUti donoM kA sAmaMjasya hI nahIM apitu AdhyAtmikatA ke nirvAha meM bhI pUrNarUpeNa prabhAvAnviti huI hai / 'mUkamATI' kAvya kI AtmA kI yadi gaveSaNA karanI hai to isakI saMracanA kA mUlAdhAra zabda vinyAsa, zabdArtha vidhAna evaM bhASA vijJAna ke vidhAna para dhyAna ekatrita karanA hogA / yahI usakI antarnihita anviti hai / AcArya vidyAsAgara kA zabda vidhAna evaM artha vidhAna unakI nijI saMracanA hai / ata: yaha kahanA atyukti nahIM hogI ki zabda evaM artha paraspara anvita tathA saMgrathita ho sAkAra ho uThe haiN| kisI bhI racanA ke zabda kore nahIM hote haiM apitu ve padya ke aMga hote haiM, vAkyAMza hote haiN| vAkya ke zabdoM meM bhAvoM kI taralatA, sarasatA, spandana unhIM ke kAraNa sambhava hotI hai| bhASA kavi ke bhAvoM kI vAhaka hotI hai / racanA paThana-pAThana ke uparAnta jo upalabdha hotA hai, vaha na to racanA hotI hai aura na hI racanAkAra / satyArtha meM vaha racanA dvArA sampreSita racanAkAra kI racanAtmaka mAnasikatA hI hotI hai, jo AcArya kI anubhUti se anuprANita hai, aura viziSTa to yaha hai ki 'mUkamATI' meM kavitA tathya kI vAhaka nahIM, sampreSaka hai| isameM abhidheyArtha evaM lakSyArtha antarmukha evaM bahirmukha hai / arthasaMketoM meM santulana evaM sAmaMjasya se camatkAra utpanna huA hai| aisI sthiti meM anubhUti kI abhivyakti kA svarUpa samRddha huA hai; "bhUta kI mA~ bhU hai, / bhaviSya kI mA~ bhI bhuu...|" (pR. 399 ) AcAryazrI kI pravacanakarttA praNAlI kI pratikriyA svarUpa (saMvAda), kathopakathana paddhati kAvya meM parilakSita hotI hai| sampUrNa kAvya mAnavIkaraNa kI paddhati para AdhArita hone ke kAraNa jar3a se jar3a kA yA jar3a se cetana padArtha kA vArtAlApa hotA hai, ata: isameM saMlApa zailI kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| jaise phUlI phUlI dharatI kahatI hai kumbha se : D O O 66 'pUta kA lakSaNa pAlane meM / ... sRjanazIla jIvana kA Adima sarga huA / " (pR. 482) "jo/ahaM kA utsarga kiyA / so / sRjanazIla jIvana kA dvitIya sarga huA / " (pR. 482) " utsAha sAhasa ke sAtha / jo / sahana upasarga kiyA, so/ sRjanazIla jIvana kA / tRtIya sarga huA / " (pR. 482-483) "bindu - mAtra varNa-jIvana ko / ... jo / svAzrita visarga kiyA, so/ sRjanazIla jIvana kA / antima sarga huA / " (pR. 483)
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________________ 370 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA prakRti citraNa meM hI 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI dhar3akatI cetanA nihita hai / yahA~ maiM isakA ullekha katipaya zabdoM meM karanA cAhU~gI kyoMki yaha apane-Apa meM zodha kA vizada viSaya hai| prakRti kA vividhonmukhI citraNa huA hai : Alambana rUpa : "sImAtIta zUnya meM/nIlimA bichAI, aura "idhara "nIce/nirI nIravatA chaaii|" (pR. 1) uddIpana rUpa : "anagina phUloM kI/anagina mAlAyeM tairatI-tairatI/taTa taka "A/samarpita ho rahI haiN|" (pR. 20) pratIkAtmaka rUpa : "na nizAkara hai, na nizA/na divAkara hai, na divA abhI dizAyeM bhI andhI haiN|" (pR. 3) mAnavIkaraNa : "saritA taTa kI mATI/apanA hRdaya kholatI hai mA~ dharatI ke sammukha !" (pR. 4) nIti upadezaka : "vahI dhArA yadi/nIma kI jar3oM meM jA milatI/kaTutA meM DhalatI hai|" (pR. 8) prakRti kA -: "sthUla hai/rUpavatI rUpa-rAzi hai vaha/para pakar3a meM nahIM aatii| sundara rUpa chuvana se pare hai vaha/prabhAkara ko chor3a kara/prabhu ke anurUpa hI sUkSma sparza se rItA/rUpa huA hai kisakA ?/"dhUpa kaa|" (pR. 79) prakRti kA - :- "kabhI karAla kAlA rAhU/prabhA-puMja bhAnu ko bhI kurUpa rUpa pUrA nigalatA huA dikhA,/kabhI-kabhAra bhAnu bhI vaha anala ugalatA huA dikhaa|" (pR. 182) prakRti ke Alambana rUpa meM nAma gaNana praNAlI : "kAka-kokila-kapotoM meM/cIla-cir3iyA-cAtaka-cita meM bAgha-bher3a-bAja-bakoM meM/sAraMga-kuraMga-siMha-aMga meM khaga-kharagozoM-kharoM-khaloM meM/lalita-lalAma-lajIla-latAoM meN|" (pR.240) pratIka rUpa : "dharatI ko zItalatA kA lobha de/ise lUTA hai,/isIlie Aja yaha dharatI dharA raha gaI/na hI vasuMdharA rahI na vasudhA !/aura vaha jala ratnAkara banA hai-/bahA-bahA kara/dharatI ke vaibhava ko le gayA hai|" (pR. 189) kisI bhI kAvya kI racanA yuga jIvana ke pariveza se nirapekSa hokara sambhava nahIM hai| kavi ko samAja se AdhAra grahaNa karanA hI par3atA hai / tAtkAlika rAjanItika, sAmAjika, sAhityika, dhArmika, zaikSaNika paristhitiyoM ke anusAra kucha aMza svIkAra kara lie jAte haiN| samAja aura kAvya ke isa anyonyAzrita ghaniSThatA ke kAraNa pratyeka kavi ko apane samaya kI navIna upaja hI mAnanA cAhie tathA mAnA jAtA bhI hai / paramparA aura prayoga ke pariprekSya meM 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM vartamAna paristhitiyoM ke tathA yuga kI bauddhikatA ke anurUpa kathAvastu kA saMyojana kiyA gayA hai| kahIM ghaTita ghaTanA hai to kahIM nIti, upadezoM ke mAdhyama se AdhyAtmikatA kA sampreSaNa huA hai| paurANika, aitihAsika pAtroM kI apekSA yugAnukUla sAmAjika pariveza ke anurUpa caritra kA manovaijJAnika citrAMkana kiyA gayA hai| samAja ke nirmANa meM nArI ke mahattva kA ullekha bhI bar3I khUbI se huA hai| nArI ko pUrvApakSA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 371 adhika gaurava prApta huA hai / 'mUkamATI' ke mahAkAvyatva kI prAsaMgikatA ko lekara prazna uTha khar3A hotA hai ki yaha mahAkAvya hai khaNDakAvya ? bhAratIya kAvya- zAstriyoM ne rUpaka kA vivecana karate hue vastu, netA aura rasa- ina tIna tattvoM kI ginatI kI hai / AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne prabandha kAvya ke parIkSaNa ke lie do hI tattvoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA haiitivRttAtmaka aura rasAtmaka / yahA~ ina donoM tattvoM kA artha kramazaH vastu evaM rasa yojanA se hI hai / ata: isa tathya kI puSTi ho jAtI hai ki prabandha kA mukhya tattva vastu, netA aura rasa mAnya hai| prabandhakAvya meM eka gatizIla suvyavasthita kathAnaka anivArya hai / kathAvastu ke do prakAra mAne gae haiMAdhikArika aura prAsaMgika / AdhikArika kathAvastu prabandha kAvya ke pradhAna pAtra kI jIvana ghaTanAoM para AdhArita hotI hai / prAsaMgika kathA meM pradhAna pAtra ke atirikta kisI anya pAtra kA bhI jIvana vRtta saMniviSTa rahatA hai| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI kathAvastu prAsaMgika kathA ke antargata itivRttAtmakatA lie hue hai / prAsaMgika kathAvastu meM phala - siddhi nAyaka kI apekSA kisI anya ko hotI hai| vaha phala-siddhi nAyaka kI abhISTa phalasiddhi se bhinna hotI hai kintu usameM nAyaka kA hitasAdhana avazya hotA hai / rasa kAvya kA poSaka tattva rahA hai, kintu prastuta prabandha meM nae rUpa meM rasoM kA paripAka huA hai| prAyaH prabandha kAvyoM meM zRMgAra, vIra, karuNa evaM zAnta rasa meM se eka pradhAna hotA hai tathA anya sahAyaka rUpa meM upasthita rahate haiM kintu 'mUkamATI' meM zAnta rasa kA hI paripAka atha se iti taka parilakSita hotA hai / 'mUkamATI' meM pratIkoM yAnI aprastuta vidhAna ko navIna jIvana ke sandarbhoM kI vyAkhyA hetu upayoga meM lAyA gayA hai| isa paddhati kI vizeSatA yaha hotI hai anAyAsa vicAroM kI milAvaTa, zuSkatA evaM nirarthaka bhAvoM ko sthAna nahIM milatA / yahI mukhya kAraNa hai ki AcAryazrI kA sva - prakAza evaM anta: dIpti kAvyabaddha huI hai / isa prakriyA meM brahmAnandAnubhUti cAhe kSaNika ho, para hotI avazya hai, jo pAThaka ko vastu jagat se vicchinna kara brahmaloka se jor3a detI hai / 'mUkamATI meM yaha kaI sthAnoM para sazakta ho uThI hai| 'mUkamATI' kAvya pratIkoM ke calate bimba-pradhAna ho gayA hai jo sthUla yathArtha se sUkSma Urdhva yathArtha kI saMracanA karatA hai / Alocya kAvya kA zilpa vidhAna evaM saundarya tattva nirUpaNa AcArya vidyAsAgara kI apratima sRjanAtmakatA kA paricAyaka hai| sampUrNa kRti meM racanAdharmitA ke zailpika pratimAna samRddha udAtta guNoM se yukta haiN| 'mUkamATI' kI bhASAtmaka saMracanA, bimba yojanA, pratIka vidhAna, upamAna yojanA, zabdAlaMkAra evaM layAtmakatA Adi sabhI zailpika pratimAnoM ke viniyojana meM advitIya racanA sAmarthya kA digdarzana huA hai| prakRti citraNa kI dRSTi se Alocya prabandha meM mAnavIkaraNa evaM anya paddhatiyoM ke atirikta sacetana svara para prakRti kI adamya zakti evaM niyantA ke rUpa meM nirUpaNa ullekhanIya upalabdhi hI mAnI jaaegii| prabandha kAvya meM nakha - zikha varNana, SaDRtu tathA bArahamAsA ke sthAna para jaina dharma ke AcAra evaM yoga sAdhanAtmaka prakriyAoM kA ullekha karane kI pravRtti sarvathA zlAghanIya hai| yugadraSTA yugasraSTA AcArya vidyAsAgara ne jIva ke astitva, kaivalya sAdhanA, anekAntavAda meM gumphita virAT ke saundarya bodha ko ujAgara karane meM vilakSaNa, vicakSaNa, kArayitrI pratibhA kA prabhUta paricaya diyA hai| samaSTi rUpa meM 'mUkamATI' kAvya kA zailpika evaM saundarya-bodhAtmaka rUpa AdhyAtmikatA ke pariprekSya meM atyanta sazakta, samRddha evaM prabhAvotpAdaka bana par3A hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI': jIvana kA anucintana rajjana trivedI samagra jIvana meM mAMgalya kI bhAvanA hI santa ko yA kAvya ko Upara uThAtI hai| jIvana kI vikRti ke pare sukRti meM jIne kI dRSTi hamAre yahA~, bhAratIya cintana meM sadA banI rahI hai| vibhinna matoM kA yahA~ pravartana hotA rahA vibhinna mAdhyamoM se, lekina usakI niSpatti dekhI jAya to vaha sukRti kA hI vidhAna jIvana ke lie AtA rahA hai / AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI isa racanA meM isI sukRti kI racanAtmakatA phalIbhUta ho uThI hai / unhoMne mATI ke pratIka ko, jo kucha nahIM hai, kintu apanI sAdhanA aura sad vicAra aura sadAcaraNa se vaha jo jIvana kA eka eka ghaTa nirmita karatA hai, vaha maMgala kalaza hI hotA hai| mATI ke zUnya se maMgala kalaza kI avadhAraNA ke bIca hI jIvana ke utkarSa aura sambodhi kI sambhAvanA chipI huI hai| AcAryajI ne jahA~ eka ora jaina dArzanika cintana ko isa kAvya kRti meM pratIkAtmakatA dI hai, vahIM jIvana kI sambodhi ko, usake hita vAle pahalU ko bhI usI ke sAtha ujAgara kiyA hai| hita kI surabhi hI sAhitya kA prANa huA karatI hai| yaha prANavattA hI kisI bhI kumbhakAra ke lie jarUrI hotI hai| agara vaha usa saba kA saMvedya ubhAra na sakA, pratipAdita na kara sakA to usakI mAMgalya lokAbhiruci kI bhAvanA kuNThita ho jAegI / AcAryazrI ne isa lokahita ko ubhArate hue bar3e vizvAsa se kahA hai : "sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai,/...sukha kA samudbhava-sampAdana ho/sahI sAhitya vahI hai" (pR. 111) / vastuta: racanAkAra kI dRSTi meM zurU se hI loka mAMgalya jur3A huA hai, jo jaina darzana kI upalabdhiyoM ko Age caritArtha karatA calA gayA hai / unhoMne kahA hai : "zilpI ke zilpaka-sA~ce meM/sAhitya zabda DhalatA-sA ! hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai/aura sahita kA bhAva ho/sAhitya bAnA hai / " (pR. 110-111) isa kRti ko khaNDa kAvya, pratIka kAvya yA mahAkAvya kI paridhi se haTAkara, vicAra kI gambhIratA ke mahat uddezya se race gae mahAdRSTi vAle kAvya ke samakakSa rakhA jA sakatA hai / kadAcit isalie ki mahAkAvya bhI jIvana kI gaharAiyoM aura anubhUtiyoM kA kAlajayI bodha lekara AtA hai / isa kRti meM yaha bodha usI sImA meM apane astitva ko rekhAMkita karatA calA gayA hai| jIvana kI samagratA kA anubandha isa kRti meM jahA~ eka ora sampRkta hai, vahIM dUsarI ora cintana kI gaharAiyoM ko pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se kahane kA sArthaka prayatna bhI kiyA gayA hai / mATI, kumbha aura jala kI bAta Ate hI kabIra kI garimA mana ko saMsparza dene lagatI hai, jahA~ unhoMne advaitavAdI cintana kI itanI sahaja vyAkhyA usameM kara dI: "jala meM kumbha, kumbha meM jala hai, bAhira bhItara paanii| phUTA kumbha, jala jalahi samAnA, yaha tata kaho giyAnI // " isI ke sAtha "mATI kahai kumhAra se tU kyA sa~dhai moha" vAlI paMktiyoM meM kumbhakAra kI jhalaka milane lagatI hai| aura yahA~ : " "kuM' yAnI dharatI/aura/'bha' yAnI bhAgya-/yahA~ para jo bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho/kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai|" (pR. 28) zilpI kA nAma jaba kumbhakAra huA to racanAkAra apane zilpa kA prayoga kara vibhinna upAdAnoM meM usake
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 373 astitva ko dharate calA jAtA hai / aura usake nimitta banane, banAne vAle apane svarUpa meM prakaTa hone lagate haiM / sampUrNa racanA cintana aura adhyAtma kA samanvaya bana kara sAmane A jAtI hai| darzana kI abhivyakti meM upAdAna - nimitta, Izvara kartRtva, IzvaratA, paramAtmA, zramaNa bhAva, sAdhanA tattva Adi svarUpa isameM udghATita hote cale gae haiM / jahA~ ye svarUpa udghATita hue haiM, vahIM kumbhakAra ne vibhinna pAtroM ke bIca dharati mA~, kaMkara, cetanA, machalI, kUpa, bAlaTI, prakRti, jala, kA~TA, phUla, lekhanI, samudra, sUrya, rAhu, indra, babUla, seTha, sevaka, macchara, matkuNa, gaja, mahAmatsya, AtaMkavAda ke mAdhyama se unhoMne apane vicAroM ko pratipAdita kiyA hai| kSamA aura ahaMkAra rahita jIvana jJAnI ko aura dhyAnI ko barAbara prabhAvita karatA calA jAtA hai / vaha prakRti ke bindu rUpa se vizAla prakRti ke mahattva ko cInhate calatA hai, jisake krama se vaha pUrNa paricita hai / tabhI vaha kahatA 1 : " sattA zAzvata hotI hai, beTA !/ prati- sattA meM hotI haiM / anagina sambhAvanAyeM utthAna - patana kI, / khasakhasa ke dAne - sA / bahuta choTA hotA hai bar3a kA bIja vaha ! / samucita kSetra meM usakA vapana ho samayocita khAda, havA, jala / use mileM aMkurita ho, kucha hI dinoM meM / vizAla kAya dhAraNa kara vaTa ke rUpa meM avatAra letA hai, / yahI isakI mahattA hai / " (pR. 7) 1 prakRti kI sattA ke mahattva ko, usakI cirantana mahattA para, vaha vicArakara yaha svIkAra karatA hai ki vaha zaktimAn pUrI taraha se bhAsvara hotA hai / usI ke astitva se usakI sampUrNatA kA bodha hotA hai| mATI kA astitva hI sRjana kI prakriyA se jur3A huA hai| mATI kA abhAva kumbhakAra ke lie bhI kaThinAI bana sakatA hai| mATI hI gar3hana kA vaha padArtha hai, jIvana kA vaha svarUpa hai jahA~ racanAtmakatA kA janma hotA hai| sRjanAtmakatA kA paryAya mATI, vaha bhI mUka | yaha mUkatA apAra sahanazIlatA kA sandarbha detI hai, kucha bhI kaThora sahane kI iyattA ke bAda mauna bane rahanA hI jIvana kI U~cAiyoM kI ora cAhe jJAnI bana kara ho, cAhe dhyAnI banakara ho sambhava ho jAtA hai| AcAryajI ne apanI saMvedanA ko sRjana kI paridhi meM ropA hai, jahA~ bindu se virAT kA svarUpa ubharane lagatA hai / kavi eka ora jIvana kI gaharI saMvedanAoM kA vAhaka hai to dUsarI ora jaina dharma kI mahattA ke anurUpa usake darzana ke pratipAdya kA vaha AkalanakartA hai / yaha Akalana bauddhika durUhatAoM meM dikhAI nahIM par3atA, varan vaha sahaja hI pratIkoM kI abhivyakti ke mAdhyama se kavitA meM ubharatA calA jAtA hai| yahA~ kavi kI jIvana aura darzana kI gaharAiyoM kA saMsparza jisa DhaMga se mukharita huA hai, vahA~ mATI upAdAna banakara apanI mahattA ko antataH pratipAdita karatI calI jAtI hai / mUka kI abhivyakti meM sampUrNa kAvya artha garbhita ho uThA hai| mATI kA upAdAna kumbhakAra ke nikaTa apane mahattva ko prathama bhAga meM darzAne lagatA hai, usakA saMsarga racanAtmaka dAyitva kA paribodha dene lagatA hai / jIvana meM ahaM kisI bhI darzana meM hitaprada nahIM kahA gayA hai| vaha jIvana ke utkarSa kA avarodhaka hai| tU hI apane ko samajhatA na raha, eka dina eka kSaNa aisA AegA ki tU mujhe mUka, dIna samajhakara rauMdatA hai, maiM bhI tujhe rauMda sakatI hU~- kabIra bhI isI satya kA paribodha de gae haiN| dvitIya bhAga meM isI ahaM ke paryavasAna ke bAda samarpita ho jAne vAlI sthitiyoM kA arthagarbhita vivecana hai / tRtIya bhAga samarpaNa ke sAmane Agata vividha parIkSAoM se jur3A huA hai| aura cauthe bhAga meM vargAtIta apavarga mImAMsA hI isa mahAkAvya kI vyApti bana gayA hai| ina cAroM khaNDoM kI pratIkAtmakatA puruSArtha catuSTaya tathA caturAzrama vyavasthA ke hI vAhaka hokara Ae haiN| jIvana kI vibhinna sthitiyoM ke pratibimba prakRti meM jahA~ use bimbita
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________________ 374 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA hote milate haiM, vahIM anubhUti kI rasavattA apane pariNAma meM naitika mUlyoM ke sAtha nimitta ke dAyitvoM kA paribodha bhI karAne lagate haiN| kavitA aise sthaloM meM prANavattA kI sAkSa dene lagatI hai| ___ jIvana ke Age prakRti kA virAT svarUpa apanI garimA meM kahIM na kahIM usakI sattA ko paribhASita karane lagatA hai / sattA ke svarUpa ko dArzanikoM ne apane-apane DhaMga se paribhASita kiyA hai / kavi usake sAmane apane ko kahIM nirarthaka nahIM hone detA, apanI sAravattA meM vaha usakI pahacAna meM gA uThatA hai, AsthA ke bhAsvara svaroM meM : "sattA zAzvata hotI hai/sattA bhAsvata hotI hai beTA ! rahasya meM par3I isa gandha kA/anupAna karanA hogA AsthA kI nAsA se sarvaprathama / " (pR. 7-8) padArtha kI-sI garimA ko kavi zAzvata mAnatA hai| AsthA athavA zraddhA ke misa vaha samyak darzana ko sampRkta karatA huA usake mahattva ko pratipAdita karane lagatA hai| AsthA aura saMgati ke sambandha meM vaha yaha mAnatA hai ki usakI jaisI saMgati hogI, vaisI mati hogii| jaladhArA dhUla se milakara daladala meM pariNata ho jAtI hai / AsthA ke lie apane bhItara eka taiyArI, eka sAdhanA Avazyaka hogI, tabhI vaha AtmasAt ho skegii| AsthA hI samyak patha kI ora agrasara karatI hai: "hA~ ! hA~ !!/yaha bAta sahI hai ki,/AsthA ke binA rAstA nahIM mUla ke binA cUla nahIM,/parantu/mUla meM kabhI/phUla khile haiM ?/phaloM kA dala vaha dolAyita hotA hai/cUla para hI Akhira!/hA~ ! hA~ !!...ise/khela nahIM samajhanA yaha sudIrgha-kAlIna/parizrama kA phala hai, beTA!" (pR. 10-11) karmoM kI sthiti meM kavi AtmA kI mamatA aura samatA kI pariNati ko mahattvapUrNa mAnatA hai / karma kA saMzleSaNa aura vizleSaNa AtmA kI guNatA para AdhArita hai| kavi ne jIvana ke tamAma parivartanoM kI taha meM isI kI samajha ko svIkArA hai / ise jAna jAne para jIvana meM abhUtapUrva parivartana Ane lagate haiM / jo jIvana ke mahattva ko nae DhaMga se usa cetanA ke pAsa le jAkara khar3A kara dete haiM, jahA~ jJAna kA saMsparza abhAvoM se mukti dilAtA hai| prakRti kI udAttatA kavi ke mana meM eka sammohana paidA karatI hai / vahIM prakRti aura puruSa ke sambandhoM kI avadhAraNA meM vaha usakA vizleSaNa bhI karane lagatA hai / eka ora vaha prakRti kI manoramatA para, saundarya para mugdha dikhAI par3atA hai to dUsarI ora puruSa ke astitva ko dekhate hue use cInhane kI koziza karane lagatA hai / prakRti apanI manoramatA ko le kaNa-kaNa meM apane prabhAva ko bikheratI hotI hai| kahIM saundarya hai, kahIM zakti hai / lekina vahA~ lene ko kucha nahIM hai, jo kucha hai vaha arpaNa hI hai| arpaNa karane vAlI sattA sAdhAraNa nahIM ho paatii| puruSa use jAnakara bhI usakI apanepana kI tatparatA ko, bA~Ta dene kI mahimA ko nahIM samajha pAtA hai / durbodha ko sAdhanA ke dvArA bhI jAnA jA sakatA hai| usakI sattA ko, usake cetana pakSa se jAnA jA sakatA hai / dhyAnI bhI usI cetanA kA AhvAna karatA hai / kavi durbodha ko hI upasthita karate hue kahatA hai : "prakRti nahIM, pApa-puMja puruSa hai,/prakRti kI saMskRti-paramparA para se parAbhUta nahIM huI,/apitu/apanepana meM tatparA hai|" (pR. 124) samAja ke nikaTa mATI kI mahattA kA saMvedana yaha hai ki vaha prakRti kA hI paryAya hai jahA~ vaha saba kucha bolatI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 375 batAtI hai, aura kucha bhI bolatI batAtI nahIM, usakA mauna honA hI, pahacAna ke daravAz2oM para dastakeM dene lagatA hai / vahA~ prakRti ke saundarya ke sAtha, usakI kSamA aura sahanazIlatA ko kavi bakhUbI vizleSita karatA calA gayA hai| dayA aura prema usake kaNa-kaNa meM upalabdha hai| kisI ko bhI dukhI dekha dravita ho uThatI hai| gadahe kI pITha para rakhe jAne, usakI pITha para khuradurApana kharoMcana kI bAta usake nikaTa karuNA ko jhakajhora jAtI hai / gadahA sAmAjika hita meM kalyANa bhAvanA se jur3A hotA hai / vaha para- dukhakAtara hai, ataH hara kisI ke dukha-darda ko DhotA rahatA hai / "gada kA artha hai roga/hA kA artha hai hAraka/ maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA banU~ ... basa, / aura kucha vAMchA nahIM / gada - hA gadahA ..!" (pR. 40 ) zramaNa ke nikaTa isI para dukhakAtara kI bhAvanA kA vinyAsa hamezA banA hotA hai| jise kavi ne bar3I sahajatA se, jIvana kI vyAvahArikatA ke bIca khojA hai, upasthita kiyA hai| isa mahAkAvya meM jIvana ko samajhane ke lie jisa sahajatA ko kuzalatA ke sAtha upasthita kiyA gayA hai, usameM kavi kA loka cintana bhI jur3A hai, jo aisI abhivyaktiyoM ko eka sArthakatA detA hai / rasoM kI vivecanA meM manovaijJAnika dRSTi bhI banI huI hai| isameM kavi rasoM ke mAdhyama se dvi-arthI svarUpa rakhatA calA jAtA hai / jaise karuNa rasa, vedanA se vigalita kSaNa jahA~ jur3e haiM vahIM vaha zramaNa ke nikaTa karuNa jIvana kA prANa hai| vaise hI vAtsalya zizumana kI chaTA se jahA~ jur3A hai, vahIM vaha kisI ko bhI zizu krIr3AoM ke sAmane sneha kI prAMjalatA se AkaNTha Dubo detA hai| 'A~vA~' vAle prasaMga meM jIvana ko tapane ke sandarbhoM se jor3A gayA hai / kumbha jitanA tapegA, yama-niyamoM se guz2aregA, utanA hI vaha nikharegA aura usakI garimA bddh'egii| siMha aura zvAna kA citraNa do paraspara virodhI paristhitiyoM bIca jAne kI spRhAkA saMyojana hai| kachuA aura kharagoza kA kumbha para aMkita honA sAdhaka aura sAdhanA ko prakaTa karate haiN| kachuA kI dhImI gati nirantara gati kA paryAya banatI hai, jo lakSya para pahu~catA hai| kharagoza kA tez2a daur3a kara ruka jAnA, pramAda kA sUcaka hai jo sAdhanA meM sAdhaka ke lie hitaprada nahIM hai| tRtIya aura caturtha khaNDa samyak cAritra adhika nikaTa haiM, jo puNya kriyAoM se vikasita hotA calA jAtA hai / isI ke sAtha kavi nArI kI mahimA se abhibhUta bhI hai| vaha use 'mahilA' kahatA hai| vaha jIvana mAMgalya kA mahotsava hai| mahI pRthvI yA jananI ke prati AsthA detI hai aura puruSa ke lie mArgadarzikA bhI / jJAna ke athAha sAgara meM bAlaTI jJAna binduoM ko prApta karane kA mAdhyama bana kara AtI hai, aura machalI vyakti kI mithyA dRSTi ko, sImita hone vyakta karatI hai / 'sallekhanA' kI mahimA meM vaha kAyA aura kaSAya ke kRSa hone vAle svarUpa ko prakaTa karatA calA jAtA hai| seTha vAlA pAtra prApti aura aprApti ke bIca yAtanA aura vibhinna sthitiyoM se guz2arate hue, anta meM paribodha pAtA hai| pUre mahAkAvya meM sAre pAtra 'jaina darzana' kI abhivyakti ko sArthaka karate haiN| yahA~ kavi ke zilpa kI prazaMsA karanI hogI ki usane apanI kathA ke bahAne 'jaina darzana' kI tamAma khUbiyoM ko pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se ubhArate hue jo kucha kaha gayA hai, vaha cintana yukta hI nirA nahIM, varan rasayukta bhI hai / dArzanika isa samatA ke kAraNa kahIM mAlUma nahIM pdd'tiiN| vaha bar3e hI sahaja DhaMga se usa saba ko bar3I pragalbhatA ke sAtha rakha gyaa| isI ke sAtha eka bAta aura, kavi hindI bhASI nahIM hai, vaha karnATakI hai, lekina jisa prAMjalatA ke sAtha usane apanI kAvya kI bhASA ko pravAha diyA hai, vaha use kahIM ahindI bhASI nahIM samajhane detI / isake lie, itane sarasa, cintanIya mahAkAvya ke praNayana ke lie ve badhAI ke pAtra haiM /
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________________ santa sAhitya kI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA aura 'mUkamATI' DaoN. kRSNalAla zarmA 'sUdana' 'mUkamATI' kRti ke khaNDa eka kA zIrSaka hai-'saMkara nahIM : vrnn-laabh|' isa khaNDa meM jIvana kAla nairantarya divasa-rAtri ke caraNoM para anavarata calatA batAyA gayA hai, jaise 'jIvana saritA sarapaTa saraka rahI hai|' yahA~ dharatI mA~ kI lAr3alI beTI mATI ko to sAdhanagata pada, patha, pAtheya caahie| parantu dharatI use sAdhyagata zAzvata mUlyoM yA 'zAzvatabhAsvata-sattA' se paricita karAtI hai, kyoMki usako 'laghutA kA bhAva huA hai, usane gurutA ko pahicAna liyA hai|' yaha kathana draSTavya hai : "asatya kI sahI pahacAna hI/satya kA avadhAna hai, beTA!" (pR.9) satya mArga para calane ke lie, 'AsthA ke binA rAstA nhiiN| isalie 'nirantara abhyAsa karanA, AyAsa se DaranA nahIM aura Alasya karanA nahIM (pR. 10-11) / "phaTA huA yaha jIvana/jur3a jAya basa, kisI taraha zAzvata-sat se,/"sAtatya citta se|" (pR. 85) satyuga meM jIvana-dRSTi satya-sandhAna meM lagI thI, jabaki kaliyuga meM 'sat' ko bhI 'asat' mAnane vAlI dRSTi kA sUtrapAta hotA hai / ata: 'asat' ke bhramajAla se bacane ke lie bodha ke mAdhyama se zodha kI pravRtti ko prazraya diyA gayA hai, kyoMki vastuta: bodha hI paripakva hokara zodha kahalAtA hai| manonigraha para bala dete hue, manoja ko mahAdeva ke Ayudha zUla rUpa smaraNa karAyA gayA hai| rassI kA avibhAjya jIvana usameM par3I gA~Tha ke kAraNa vibhAjita ho sakatA hai do bhAgoM meM (pR. 62) / dvandvAtmakatA kI ina granthiyoM ko 'hiMsA kI sampAdikA' kahA gayA hai (pR. 64) / "eka kI dRSTi/vyaSTi kI ora/bhAga rahI hai,/eka kI dRSTi samaSTi kI ora/jAga rahI hai,/...eka kA jIvana/mRtaka-sA lagatA hai kAnti-mukta zava hai,/eka kA jIvana/amRta-sA lagatA hai kAnti-yukta ziva hai |/shv meM Aga lagAnA hogA,/aura ziva meM rAga jagAnA hogaa|" (pR. 84) yahA~ samAdhi ko jIvana kA carama sAdhya mAnA gayA hai / jahA~ santulanoM aura nirdvandvoM kA bodha hotA hai vahA~ guNAtmaka vikAsa hotA hai| "upAdhi kI nahIM, mA~ !/ise samadhI - samAdhi mile, basa!" (pR. 86) prastuta kRti ke dUsare khaNDa kA zIrSaka hai- 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nhiiN|' lekhanI kahatI hai : "bodha kA phUla jaba/DhalatA-badalatA, jisameM/vaha pakva phala hI to zodha kahalAtA hai|/...phuul se nahIM,phala se/tRpti kA anubhava hotA hai|" (pR. 107)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 377 zilpI to cetana-puruSa ke caitanya kA pakSadhara hai, parantu jar3a prakRti kI vikRti evaM saMskRti paramparAoM ke prati bhI niSThAvAn hai / puruSa ise paramArtha kA rUpa nirdhAraNa karate hue, jJAna meM padArthoM kI jhalaka mAnatA hai (pR.124) / puruSArtha kA AdhAra guNavattA ko mAnA gayA hai / ata: 'sat' kI pahicAna- jo rUpa, rasa, gandha evaM sparza se spandita evaM snAta (pR. 186) hai, cetana puruSa kA jIvana lakSya hotI hai (pR. 128) / sampUrNa prAkRtika vyApAra niyamita rUpa se puNya kA pAlana evaM pApa kA prakSAlana karate haiM / yadyapi artha kI A~kheM paramArtha ko nahIM dekha pAtIM, kevala svArtha ko hI dekha pAtI haiM parantu puruSa ko pratimAna na karate hue sahanazIla honA, nyAya-patha se vicalita na honA Adi hita-sampat-sampAdikA buddhi se usameM 'sva' aura 'para' kI soca ko ucita ThaharAyA gayA hai| strI jAti meM yadyapi pApa bhIrutA evaM palatA pApa rekhAMkita kiyA gayA hai, tathApi gRha meM avasthita use kupatha yA supatha para calane ke lie bAdhya nahIM honA par3atA / isIlie vaha abalA' hote hue bhI sarvamaMgalA banI raha sakI hai (pR. 201-202) / prakRti meM jaba vikRti AtI hai aura vaha saMskRti, pariSkAra tathA saMskriyAoM kA mArga chor3a detI hai, taba puruSa kA caitanya pApa puMja bana jAtA hai, paramArtha ke artha badala jAte haiM, puruSa aura puruSArthoM meM doSAropaNa hone lagate haiM, adhikAra aura karttavya meM khIMcAtAnI hone lagatI hai evaM guNI para prahAra kara guNoM kI itizrI samajha lI jAtI hai / isa prakAra cetana puruSa kI dayanIya sthiti ke sAtha-sAtha mATI bhI ulaTI-pulaTI jAtI hai (pR. 126-127) / aisI avasthA meM cetana kI asmitA kI pahicAna, samatA aura samucita bala ke balidAna meM apekSita samajhI gaI hai / taba yugavIra banakara caitanya vIra rasa kA sevana karatA hai, jisase uddaNDatA evaM atireka kA jIvana meM padArpaNa hotA hai / jaba mahAsattA kA mahAbhayAnaka mukha khulatA hai, taba bhaya aura mahAbhaya tANDava karate haiN| abhaya aura nirbhaya kA AhvAna hotA hai, parantu puruSa aura prakRti ke saMgharSa meM prakRti ke svara kA bolabAlA rahatA hai : "santAna kI avanati meM/nigraha kA hAtha uThatA hai mA~ kA/aura/santAna kI unnati meM/anugraha kA mAtha uThatA hai mA~ kA" (pR. 148) / guru-ziSya paramparAoM meM, mahApuruSoM ke sandeza, dvaita-advaita meM antara pratiSThApana dvArA samatA aura santulanoM ke phalaka talAzate haiM / satpAtra kI gaveSaNA hotI hai| zramaNa kI agnizAmaka vRtti, viSaya-viSayI meM indriyajanya vAsanAoM ke prazamana ke lie agrasara hotI mAnavIya avacetana meM anAdikAla se supta vAsanAoM kA nivAsa hai / ye jaba taka avidyA, mithyA-dRSTi yA abhiniveza se ra~gI rahatI haiM, taba taka na to satya kA aura na hI tathya kA rUpa-darzana ho sakatA hai / vastuta: saMsAra hI citta se saMcita vAsanAoM ke vikalpoM se udbhUta huA hai / parantu bodha svasaMvedya, anekAnta rahita hai aura nirvANa nirvizeSa / "vAsanA kA vilAsa/moha hai,/dayA kA vikAsa/mokSa hai" (pR. 38) / 'dayA aura karuNA vRttiyA~ niravadhi haiM, parantu vAsanA kI jIvana-paridhi acetana-tana hai (pR. 39) / ' isI prakAra vijJAna pratItya-samutpanna kahA gayA hai / vijJAna ke antargata pariNAma, vipAka, manana aura viSayavijJapti meM nirUpaNa hotA hai jabaki vijJeya sAMvRttika tathA mithyA kahA gayA hai : "sarvaM vijJeyaM parikalpavatasvabhAvatvAt vastuno na vidyate vijJAnaM puna: pratItya samutpannatvAt dravyata: asti ityabhyupeyam / " ataH parikalpita svabhAva hI bAhya jagat hai, jisameM sattva yA dravya, guNa Adi kA Aropa hotA hai / paratantra svabhAva to kSaNika evaM vijJAnAtmaka hai|
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________________ 378 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA _____ phira bhI puruSArtha ke hAtha meM hai, rahasya ke ghUghaTa kA udghaattn|' isa khaNDa meM vastuta: bauddhadarzana evaM sAMkhyadarzana kI avadhAraNAoM kI punarAvRtti kara ekAntavAda, anekAntavAda evaM syAdvAdI jainadarzana kA ullekha kiyA hai, kyoMki kumbha para 'hI' aura 'bhI' utkIrNa hote haiM : "'hI' ekAntavAda kA samarthaka hai/'bhI' anekAnta, syAdvAda kA prtiik|" (pR.172) sabhI darzana samasyAoM ke samAdhAna ke lie anusandhAna yA zodha karate haiM, upAya sujhAe jAte haiM, tapa kI Atapa evaM saMkalpa-vikalpoM ke prayoga hote haiM, parantu sArthakatA ke sthAna para korI saphalatA hI hAtha lagatI hai, kyoMki "ananta meM sAnta kho cukA hai" (pR.177)| bhoga-bhogI, yoga-yogI sabhI calate banate haiM, parantu vAsanA kA vAsa mAyA se prabhAvita mana meM hai' (pR. 180) / parantu 'guNoM se nirmita vyakti kA svabhAva vaisA kA vaisA rahatA hai, aura jo hai, vaha saba sat siddha hotA hai' (pR. 185) / 'mUkamATI' ke tIsare khaNDa kA zIrSaka hai : 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana / ' isameM prAkRtika vyApAroM ko sukRta kahA gayA hai / tadanurUpa hI kAraNa-kArya vyApAra calatA hai, jo ki anukaraNIya hai| 'kumbha' rUpa mAMgalika pratIka kI agni parIkSA hotI hai / navakAra mantra kA uccAraNa hotA hai / yaha mAnavIya pratIka kumbha kI saMskriyA hai, jisase vaha sadAzaya aura sadAcAra ke DhA~ce meM DhAlA jAtA hai| usake guNAtmaka vikAsa ke lie usake 'sva' aura 'para' ke doSoM ko jalAyA jAtA hai / use yoga-tyAga, kArya-kAraNa bhAva, AdhyAtmika darzana, saMkalpa-vikalpa evaM Atma-sAkSAtkAra meM dIkSita kiyA jAtA hai| use avA kI tApa-yAtanA ke mAdhyama se sUcita kiyA jAtA hai ki duHkha AtmA kA svabhAvagata dharma nahIM hai, pratyuta usakA cetana-cit camatkArI pariNAmadharmI rUpa meM mUlyAMkita hotA hai| usa para svastika, oMkAra Adi mAMgalika cihna aMkita kie jAte haiN| taba kahIM kumbha, seTha kI caryA ke lie anivAryatA bana jAtA hai, jisase use pAtra-dAna kA lAbha mila sakatA hai| mAMgalika kumbha ke cayana meM seTha kA eka guNa jise 'viveka' kahA gayA hai, ubharatA hai aura usakA puNya paripAka hotA hai, tana-mana-vacana zuddha hote haiM, navadhA bhakti kA pratiSThApana evaM guru-pada meM anurAga hotA hai aura indriyoM kI viSayI-viSaya kI vAsanA kA prazamana hotA hai, jise zramaNa kI 'agnizAmaka vRtti' kA nAma diyA gayA hai| isa pApa-puNya ke 'viveka' kI avasthA ko mAnavIya praur3ha avasthA kA pratimAna mAnA gayA hai, jahA~ vaha bheda kI ora se 'abheda' kI ora abhigamana karatA hai| ___ khaNDa cAra kA zIrSaka hai : agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI raakh|' isa khaNDa ko itanA vistAra dene kI AvazyakatA nahIM thI (pR.269 se 488) kyoMki isameM piSTa -peSaNa hI kiyA gayA hai| puruSa aura prakRti meM kriyAe~-pratikriyAe~ hotI haiN| prakRti meM vAsanA kA abhAva hI vikRta-veSI puruSa ko Aveza se chur3Akara svavaza meM karatA hai (pR. 393) / puruSa yadi pApa-puNya kA khela khelatA hai to prakRti ke khilaune se| "prakRti kA prema pAye binA/puruSa kA puruSArtha phalatA nahIM" (pR. 395) / yahI sUtra seTha ke roga kA nidAna banatA hai- "mATI, pAnI aura havA/sau rogoM kI eka dvaa"(pR.399)| phira bhI "siddhAnta apanA nahIM ho sakatA/siddhAnta ko apanA sakate hama" (pR. 415) / mUkamATI se nirmita mAMgalika-kalaza kI pratiSThA ko apanI avahelanA mAnakara svarNa kalaza' AtaMkavAda ko Amantrita evaM pratyAropita karatA hai, kyoMki atipoSaNa aura atizoSaNa kA yahI pariNAma hotA hai / isase anya asantuSTa daloM kA nirmANa hotA hai, parantu sahayoga, samarthana kI svIkRti nahIM milatI / AtaMkavAda kA sAmAjika diggajoM se sAmanA hotA hai| prazAsaka uddaNDatA dUra karane ke lie daNDa-saMhitAoM kA vidhAna karate haiN| parantu lekhanI krUra aparAdhI ko bhI karatA se daNDita karane ko anyAya evaM aparAdha mAnatI hai (pR. 431) / AtaMkavAdI kA bala zanaiH-zanaiH svayaM kSINa hotA hai, saMhAra kA sthAna saMgharSa le letA hai, jisase utkarSa hotA hai| AtaMkavAda apanI nindA kI niyati ko
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 379 nihAratA hai, kyoMki bhoga-upabhoga phalAnubhUtiparaka hote haiM / isameM kAla tathA kSetrIya anukUlatA apekSaNIya hotI hai / krAnti kA AhvAna hotA hai / jijIviSA balavatI siddha hotI hai| isa prakAra anta meM mAMgalika kumbha jIvana-saritA meM tairatA hai, aura asatya satya ke samakSa AtmasamarpaNa kI socatA hai / AtaMkavAda kA anta hotA hai aura anantavAda kA zrIgaNeza hotA hai| AtaMkavAda ko guru prasAda milatA hai / vaha zramaNa - sAdhanA ko aMgIkAra karatA hai| yU~ bhedabhAva kA anta hotA hai aura vedabhAva jayavanta hotA hai / 'mUkamATI' zabda-pratIkoM kI saraNi se jur3I huI kRti hai / pratIka dik-kAla ke sandarbha meM apanI arthacchAyA kI jhilamilAtI taralatA ke kAraNa na to laukika paristhitiyoM kI pakar3a meM Ate haiM, na hI vibhinna sAMskRtika staroM meM vikasita lokamAnasikatA kI paridhi ko saMsparza karane meM sakSama hote haiM / sakSama pratIka praNAlI prasupta caitanya ko, jar3atA mukta kara udbodhana - kriyA meM to sahAyaka siddha ho sakatI hai, parantu pratIkoM kI arthAropaNa kI prakriyA dArzanika evaM cintanaparaka hone se, bhAvAtmaka stara para mAnavIya sambandhoM se asampRkta rahatI hai| pratIkAropaNa kalpanAmUlaka hotA hai tathA lakSaNa, hetuoM, iSTa bhAvArthoM para Azrita hone se vyAvahArika satya kI cUleM usakA AdhArabhUta avalamba nahIM bana pAtIM / phira bhAva-bAdhA ke kAraNa pratIka praNAlI doSapUrNa siddha hotI hai / pratIka mukhya rUpa se pAramArthika satya evaM sAmAjika mAnyatAoM ko rekhAMkita karate haiM / aura pAramArthika satya kI pratIti AdhyAtmika sAdhanAoM ke sopAnoM evaM valayoM kI rahasyAtmakatA ko AtmasAt karatI calatI hai| janasAdhAraNa kI na to itane gahana artha taka rasAI hotI hai aura na hI pAramArthika satya unake buddhigamya ho pAtA hai, jisase sampreSaNa-prakriyA jaTilatara hotI calatI hai| sampreSaNIyatA meM sAdhAraNIkaraNa ke mAdhyama se 'sAdhAraNa' ke stara taka Ae binA kRti loka cetanA ko Andolita nahIM kara pAtI / nissandeha, 'mUkamATI' kRti kI tulanA santa-sAhitya kI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA se kI jAnI cAhie / madhyayugIna santa-sAhitya, janatA kI bhASA meM jana-cetanA ke udbodhana ke lie racA gayA hai, jisameM rahasyAtmakatA hote hue bhI sAtha hI sAtha vaha loka - buddhigamya bhI bana pAyA hai / sampreSaNa ke stara para lokabhASA ke atirikta saMvAda, rAga-nibaddhasaMgIta vyavasthA evaM prayogAtmaka tathA vyAvahArika kIrtana paddhatiyoM ke mAdhyama se unake loka saMcAra meM koI bAdhA nahIM AI / isake atirikta sAhityakAra svayaM isa saMgharSamaya sAmAjika pariveza ke yathArtha meM baddhamUla apanI kriyAtmaka bhUmikA nibhA rahe the aura sAmAjika granthiyoM ke nidAna kA svayaM satya-sandhAna karane vAle the, svayaM sAmAjika jIvana ke aMgabhUta pravAha ke aTUTa bhAga bhI the / ve mATI ke pratinidhi evaM pravaktA the / ve taTa para baiThe taTastha kI bhA~ti nirIha yA mUka darzaka nahIM the / ve har3iyAI nadI kI uphAnI laharoM ko ginate bhara nahIM the, ve janajIvana ke sAtha pravRtti-mArgI banakara samasyAoM ke saMgharSa meM kAryarata the / ve saMnyasta hokara anekAntika tarkoM, vividha prayogoM, vikalpoM meM nirapekSa bhAva se tallIna na rahakara mAnavIya sambandhoM meM bar3hatI darAroM ko pATa rahe the aura 'sAdhAraNa' ke stara para mAnavIya vedanA ke prati saMvedanazIla the / unakI adhyAtma sAdhanA 'svAntaH sukhAya' na hokara paropakArI thii| vaha vAyavIya na hokara sAhacarya kI vyAvahArikatA para TikI thI / isa sandarbha meM 'mUkamATI' kRti prAyojita - sI (Projection) pratIta hotI hai| mATI se bane mAMgalika kumbha ke zubhatva aura svarNa kalaza Adi kA bhale hI koI pratIkAtmaka parokSa prabhAva rahe parantu kRti meM kyA mATI kI mukharatA, usakI barabasa vivazatA bana kara nahIM raha gaI ? jabaki santa Adi bhakti sAhitya meM pratIkoM ke sthAna para rUpakoM, rUpaka kathA rUr3hiyoM aura dRSTAntoM ke prayoga se usane Apta-vANI kA dharAtala prApta kara liyA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM kathA - sUtra na kevala vizRMkhala hai, pratyuta kathAsUtra kA lagabhaga abhAva-sA hai| na hI viSayavastu hI itanI gumphita hai ki kisI Thosa pariNAma ko rekhAMkita kara sake / dhArmika anuSThAna kA paridRzya, dhArmika sAdhanAe~ yA dhArmika kriyAe~ AdhyAtmika sImAoM ke guhya viSayoM kA pratipAdana karatI haiM / parantu yaha jIvana kI sAmAnya kriyAoM
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________________ 380 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA meM racA-basA siddhAnta na hokara eka nirapekSa dRSTikoNa mAtra raha jAtA hai| aisA lagatA ki bikharI racanAoM ko sAyAsa ekatra karake rakha diyA gayA ho aura jisakA sUtra tanAva kI har3abar3I meM TUTa gayA ho| 'mUkamATI' kRti meM bhAvAtmaka, rAgAtmaka yA kalpanAtmaka tattvoM kA abhAva khaTakatA hai / jIvanta pAtroM ke sthAna para pratIkAtmaka jaDa pAtroM kA sajana, Adarza evaM vaicArika UhApoha, kambha-kambhakAra. kAraNa-kArya. nimittaupAdAna tathA ghaTa-paTa kI ubakA dene vAlI dArzanika zabdAvalI, janasAdhAraNa kI abhiruciyoM ko bhale hI pariSkRta kare, parantu unheM rucikara kyoM kara hogI ? vyakti kI mAnasikatA para dainika jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ke ghAta-pratighAta usake caitanya ko, anubhUtiyoM ko saMvArate, ubuddha evaM samRddha karate haiM, taba deza aura kAla Thosa yathArtha kA rUpa dhAraNa kara lete haiM, jisameM mAnavIya krIr3A sambhava hotI hai| zAbdika camatkAra ke lie prayukta zabda-vyutpattiyoM ke prayoga vyAkaraNa sammata nahIM kahe jA sakate, na hI isase artha camatkAra ko prazraya milatA hai| bAta to ramaNIya artha kI hai, jise dArzanika koTi ke zabda-pratIka vahana nahIM kara pAte, kyoMki unake mUlasrota una zabdakoTiyoM meM haiM, jo pAribhASika yA avadhAraNAtmaka haiN| dharma ke kSetra se AdhyAtmika-zabda-koTiyoM kA cayana pAramArthika satya kI talAza karatA hai, jisase mAnavIya bhAva-dvandvoM meM udvelana na hokara pAThaka bhAva-prazamana kI ora unmukha hotA hai / yadi kahIM udvelana hotA bhI hai to vaha mAnavIya sandarbha meM na hokara pratIkAtmaka rUpa meM, prAkRtika-kriyA-vyApAra meM hotA hai jo prakRti meM vikSobha, sAgara meM udvelana, meghoM ke vajra-prahAra tathA kumbha ke ave meM pakane-tapane taka sImita hai / isa prakAra 'mATI' mUka ho jAtI hai aura prAkRtika-kriyA-vyApAra mukhara ho uThate haiN| nAyikA kA pada-bhAra prakRti grahaNa kara letI hai aura mATI ghula-pighala kara, tapa-paka kara mUka ho jAtI hai| vastuta: mAnava jIvana, mATI meM se ni:sRta mAnava deha kA karmakSetra hai / mAnava kA karma saundarya hI usakA vaiziSTya hai, jo vastugata rUpAntaraNoM meM pratiphalita hotA hai / lalita kalAe~ ina rUpAntaraNoM, AkalanoM ko saundarya se maNDita karatI haiN| mAnavIya karmagata vaicitrya aura bhAvagata saundarya ke darpaNa meM usakI AtmIyatA Atma-vistAra, audAtya bimbita hote haiM / vyakti jaba bhogapradhAna samAja kI saMracanA karatA hai to vaha apane sAmAnya' kI ora bar3hatA hai / jaba vaha tyAga kA mArga apanAtA hai, taba vaha apane 'vaiziSTya' se jur3atA hai / 'mUkamATI' kRti meM prAkRtika vyApAra kI itanI pradhAnatA hai ki mAnavIya jIvana ke Aroha-krama, avaroha-krama daba se gae haiM / Aroha-krama meM prakRti kI svAbhAvika vivartanamayI niyAmikA kI bhUmikA ko kaise anadekhA kiyA jA sakatA thA, jIva-spanda meM zakti ke vikAsa-krama mUlaka pakSa ko kabhI nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| 'mUkamATI' kRti ko saMyojita karane kI bhUmikA kA sIdhe nirvahana 'lekhanI' yatra-tatra karatI dikhAI detI hai| lekhanI kA dIrghatama saiddhAntika nAka kI thUthana jaba viSaya-vastu kI chIchAledara karane ke lie bIca meM ghusa par3atI hai, taba aisA pratIta hotA hai ki koI ghusapaiThiyA avaidha rUpa se sImAtikramaNa kara, anadhikRta kSetra meM ghusa AyA ho / lekhanI yA to bIca-bIca meM sUI ke tAroM se cintana ke do Tukar3oM ko sItI-pirotI pratIta hotI hai, yA cippiyA~ cipakA kara kucha pardA DAla rahI hotI hai, yA phira sIdhe-sAde bikharAva ko buhAra rahI hotI hai, yA koI guMjanaka kA patthara dhamma se kIcar3a meM pheMka rahI hotI hai / lekhanI kA aDaMgA vizvAsapAtra spIDa brekara-sA hara paridRzya ke sAtha aise cipakA hotA hai, jaise svAmibhakta caukIdAra caukasI se paharA de rahA ho / pAThaka kRti kI rAha se guz2arane ke sthAna para, lekhanI kI sUI kI noMka se guz2aratA hai / lekhanI kI baisAkhiyoM kA sahArA lekara khar3I kRti ko lagatA hai, zAyada use apane Apa para bharosA nhiiN| jisa bAta ko kRti ke sandarbha nahIM spaSTa kara pAte, zabda aura vAkya nahIM spaSTa kara pAte, bhalA vahA~ lekhanI apanA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 381 spaSTIkaraNa dekara kahA~ sArthaka ho pAegI ? isase kRti, kRtikAra ke bhujapAza se mukta hokara svAyatta aura svatantratA kI sA~seM nahIM le paatii| usakA dama ghuTatA hai| kRti ko lagatA hai, kahIM zabda-zilpI kRtikAra aba rUThA-kI taba rUThA, aura saiddhAntika vyAkhyAna ke kaSAghAta kA prahAra aba huA yA taba huaa| lekhanI jaja kI bhA~ti nirNaya letI hai aura fatave detI hai| vaha cAhe-anacAhe bhAva bAdhya hokara hastakSepa karatI hai| pAtroM ke abhAva meM prAkRtika tattvoM ko pAtroM kI bhUmikA nibhAnI par3atI hai, bhAvoM ko svayaM apane Apako pratinidhi ke rUpa meM bhejanA par3atA hai| pakSa bhI, vipakSa bhI- sabhI sthitiyA~ yantravat lekhanI se saMcAlita haiN| lekhanI sabhI Ubar3a-khAbar3a bhUmiyoM, gartoM ko pATatI, yU~ saTapaTAtI bhAgatI calatI hai, jaise vaha kisI vaicArika pikanika para nikalI ho, aura koI roboTa (yantra mAnava) unheM dabocane ke lie unakA pIchA kara rahA ho / parantu AtaMkavAda ke bhayAvaha raktima paMje dekhakara lekhanI kI syAhI na to lAla hotI hai, na pIlI, pratyuta mauna rahakara sabako sarvasahA hone kA sandeza dekara, saba para sabakA apanA-apanA dAyitva chor3akara vairAgya-patha kA anusaraNa karatI hai tathA mUkamATI kI bhA~ti mauna kI cAdara sira se pA~va taka or3ha letI hai, A~kheM banda kara letI hai / lekhanI ne kitane zabdoM kI saMracanA ko tor3A, kitane kSata-vikSata arthoM ke bakhie udher3e, kitane vAkyoM ke caukhaToM ko chIlA-tarAzA, usase bhalA Apako yA pAThakoM ko kyA lenA-denA / lekhanI ne maMgala kalaza (kumbha) kA zubhatva aise TA~ga rakhA hai kRti ke mAthe para, jaise koI naz2ara baTU ardhanirmita nae makAna ke mAthe para jhA~ka rahA hotA hai aura plAsTara ke bIca meM se IMTe dA~ta dikhA rahI hotI haiM / vibhinna pratyayoM, avadhAraNAoM, AdarzoM, dharAtaloM, darzanoM kA jo ghola samakAlIna bodha aura mAnasikatA ke lepa ke lie isa kRti meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai, vaha ghAyala jIvana ko sahalAne ke sthAna para AnuSThAnika dhue~ se use thor3A aura dhvAnta, thor3A aura bhrAnta karane ke lie dAyitva mukta, sAyAsa prayAsa siddha hotA hai, jo dekhate hI banatA hai| zodhapaddhatiyoM meM bodha paddhatiyoM ke mizraNa aura cUrNa piSTa-peSaNa kI prakriyA meM itanI bAra pisate haiM ki inake aNu-paramANu sat-asat kI viveka-buddhi ko tilAMjali dekara buddhi ke udara meM ajIrNatA utpanna karane ke lie sakSama haiN| prArambhika tIna khaNDoM meM pAThaka kI manodazA yadi kucha utsAhavardhaka jijJAsA kA dAmana apane hAthoM se khisakane se roka pAtI hai to cauthA khaNDa apane aprAsaMgika, nirarthaka vistAra se mUrchA yA komA kI sthiti ke lie jimmedArI se inakAra nahIM kara sktaa| sacamuca mATI ke mukha para eka paTTI kA karArA mauna dhara diyA gayA hai, use mUka evaM badhiyA kara diyA gayA hai, eka bane banAe caukhaTe meM use jar3a diyA gayA hai| mAnava kI nitAnta nijI aura sAmUhika mAnasikatA evaM manuSya bheda kI sAmAnya AvazyakatAoM ke prati saMvedanazIlatA kI jaba taka eka sAtha abhivyakti nahIM ho pAtI, taba taka manuSya meM sAmAnya' pakSa hAvI rahatA hai, aura jIvana kA 'viziSTa' pakSa dabA rahatA hai| mAnava kA guNAtmaka vaiziSTya to usake karma saundarya meM pratiphalita hotA hai| apane kartRtva ke prati sajaga kartA hI, sRSTikartA ke kartRtva kI rekhAoM kI gati, sthiti aura laya de pAtA hai| anyathA, guru ho yA mahApuruSa vaha jIva ke vaiziSTaya ko samajhe binA, use usake kisa svabhAva, svarUpa yA vaiziSTya kA bodha karAegA, tathA use apane anugraha kA prakAzarUpI prasAda kaise bA~Ta pAegA ? vaha ziSya kA avidyAjanita kauna-sA 'AvaraNa-saMvaraNa' kholegA, aura mAyAjanita kisa zaMkA yA bhrama kA kaise nivAraNa karegA ? nissandeha mAnava deha brahmANDa kI pratIka hai, parantu mAnava ke vizva rUpa yA sAmAnya rUpa ke kalaza kA AdhAra kisa yugabodha ke caitanyaviziSTa bindu se prasphuTita hogA, tathA sImA se asIma kI vizvAtikAmI yAtrA kara pAegA? bhoga aura aizvarya thor3I dera ke lie mAnavIya cetanA ko dhuniyAte z2arUra haiM, parantu usakI viziSTatA jo usake avacetana meM prasupta hotI hai, use usakI apUrNatA kA bhAna karAtI hai aura vaha avasthA vizeSa se pUrNatva ke patha para agrasara hone ke lie vyAkula ho uThatA hai| jar3atA avidyA kI ho yA mAyika sattA kI, donoM usake tarala caitanya ko sImita karate haiN| inase unmukta hone ke
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________________ 382 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA lie jahA~ vaha apane manobala yA buddhibala kA avalamba letA hai, vahA~ use naitika bala kA bhI sampoSaNa caahie| isake lie svarUpa jJAna kA vaiziSTya jar3a-pratIka-kumbha ke sthAna para cetana-pratIka kI tarala pratIti ke lie bAdhaka siddha hotA hai| isake atirikta bheda ke mAdhyama se abheda taka kI yAtrA adhika svAbhAvika hotii| yadi mAnava kI svAyattatA, svatantratA aura gaurava cetanA ko mATI kalaza, rajata kalaza, svarNa kalaza Adi pratIkoM ke sthAna para usameM mAnavIya dhapa-chA~va kI gaMgA-jamanI raMgata dI jAtI, to usakI guNavattA ko usake apanepana yA vaiziSTya kA bodha sambhava thaa| prastuta kRti meM bhedAtmaka sthitiyoM ke parihAra ke lie 'samarasatA' yA 'sAmarasya' ke Adarza vAkya ko usa sImA taka nahIM apanAyA gayA jisa taka apanAnA cAhie thaa| kyoMki puruSa aura prakRti athavA ziva zakti ke bIca ekatva pratipAdana taba akhaNDatA aura avibhAjya tattva kI avadhAraNA ke rUpa meM ubharatA aura mahAzakti kA rUpa grahaNa kara letA aura tattva tathA tattvAtIta sattA kA ekIkaraNa ho pAtA / samarasatA, sAMkhya-darzana kI parAtparatA tathA vedAntika mAyAvAda ke audAtya se bhinna hai / sAmarasya hI 'citta' aura 'acitta' meM ekatva prastuta karatA hai, jise cetanaacetana kI samarasatA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai, jisase kriyA-pratikriyA kI gati-zrRMkhalA ko niSkriya kiyA jA sakatA thA / draSTA ke dRSTikoNa hAthI ko baila aura baila ko hAthI banAne ke lie kyoM kRtasaMkalpa honA caahie| puruSa aura prakRti mUlata: abheda haiM, parantu pratIka kalpanA meM nimnamukhI trikoNa kI avasthiti svIkAra kI gaI hai, UrdhvamukhI trikoNa ke saMkalpa ko nakArA gayA hai, jabaki satya-sandhAna meM sarvAMgINa evaM samagratA ke dRSTikoNa kA hI pratiphalana hotA hai / avayaya-avayavI sambandha yA aMza-aMzI sambandhoM ke phalaka para hI akhaNDa evaM avibhAjya cetanA kA udaya sambhava ho sakatA thaa| pAramArthika sattA brahmANDa rUpa dikhAI detI hai, isalie sAmAnya hai, tathA AkArahInatA meM abheda kI sthiti hai / parantu vyAvahArika sattA ke sandarbha meM vaiziSTya ke AkArAtmaka bheda sthiti ko 'sAmarasya' ke Adarza ko apanAe binA akhaNDa evaM avibhAjya nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| ata: vyaSTi stara para 'avidyA' se sAmanA karanA hogA, aura samaSTi stara para mAyA kA / piNDa siddhi dvArA siddha deha evaM jIvana mukti aura samarasIkaraNa dvArA parAmukti kI ora abhigamana ho skegaa| isalie samarasatA eka kSaNika sthiti na hokara zAzvata upalabdhi ho sakatI thii| bhAratIya darzana paramparA meM jahA~ Izvara ke sRSTikartA athavA vizvasarjaka hone kI avadhAraNA pracalita hai, jaise kumbharUpI kArya kA kartA kumbhakAra hai, vaise hI kumbha ke samAna jagat bhI eka kArya hai aura kumbhakAra ke samAna parama tattva nimitta kAraNa (Efficient Cause) ke rUpa meM isakA kartA hai / parantu azarIrI hone se usake kartA hone kI sambhAvanA nahIM, kyoMki sabhI sAvayava padArtha kArya hote haiM, isalie jagat bhI sAvayava hone ke kAraNa hai| naiyAyika jagat ke sAvayava kAryatva ko svIkAra nahIM karate / jaina darzana bhI sRSTi aura vinAza ko padArthoM ke guNoM evaM prakAroM ke kAraNa to mAnatA hai, parantu sat kA abhAva aura asat se sRSTi kI sambhAvanA ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| ___ yadi Izvara ko jagatsarjaka mAna liyA jAe to mAnavIya kRti ko bhI Izvara kI kRti mAnanA par3egA, jisase jagat nirmANa ke lie aneka Izvara mAnane pdd'eNge| yadi Izvara puNya-pApa kI sahAyatA se jagat nirmANa karatA hai to vaha svatantra kartA nahIM, phira vaha kisI ko sukhI yA duHkhI kyoM banAtA hai ? Izvara zAzvata hai to kriyA rUpa meM vaha sRSTi karatA hai aura yadi niSkriya hai to sRSTi kaise kara sakatA hai ? yadi sRSTi pralaya yA vikAra hai, to Izvara kaise avikArI evaM kUTastha hai ? usakA jagat nirmANa kA kyA koI prayojana hai ? isa prakAra 'mUkamATI' sama-sAmayika samasyAoM ko to kyA sulajhAegI, pratyuta anAvazyaka vivAdoM, pracArAtmakatA ke aise rujhAna ko panapAegI, jisakA nirAkaraNa lekhaka ke lie sambhava nahIM ho paaegaa|
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________________ 'mUkamATI': eka jIvanta mahAkAvya mizrIlAla jaina 'mUkamATI' paramapUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI amara kRti hai| jJAna aura cAritra kI adbhuta saMgama hone ke kAraNa AcAryazrI kI kAnti sampUrNa bhArata varSa meM vyApta hai| 'mUkamATI' ke sRjana kAla meM evaM kRti ke sampUrNa hone ke pazcAt isa amara kRti ke aneka mahattvapUrNa sthala AcAryazrI ke mukha se sunane kA atidurlabha saubhAgya bhI mujhe prApta huA hai| isa pavitra anubhUti ke kAraNa kRti ke kucha ajJAta pradezoM meM praveza karane kA prayatna kruuNgaa| mahAkAvya kI pracalita paramparAe~ mahAkAvya lekhana ke vikAsa krama, yAtrA krama meM TUTatI rahI haiN| dinakara kA prabandha kAvya razmirathI' pratyakSa pramANa hai / unhoMne nAyaka ke rUpa meM upekSita karNa ko apane prabandha kAvya ke nAyaka rUpa meM cunA / 'mUkamATI' bhI mahAkAvya kI zata-pratizata paramparA ko chor3a kara/tor3a kara sRjita huI hai / mATI ko mahAkAvya kI nAyikA cuna kara AcAryazrI ne agama kauzala kA paricaya diyA hai| ___ yaha zAzvata satya hai ki mATI mUka hotI hai kintu isa mahAkAvya kI mATI apanI vyathA-kathA isa prakAra sunAtI hai ki par3ha kara vyakti cakita aura pulakita ho jAtA hai / 'mUkamATI' meM mATI ko maMgala ghaTa banane meM jisa prakAra kI yAtrA karanI par3atI hai vaha vAstava meM vikArI mana ko nirvikAra hone kA saMketa detI hai jise pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se vyakta kiyA gayA hai / 'mUkamATI' kI prArambhika paMktiyA~ par3hate samaya aisA lagatA/pratIta hotA hai ki mahAkavi prasAda kI saMskRta bhASA-zailI meM hI isa mahAkAvya ke sRjana kA zubhAgamana ho rahA hai, yathA : "sImAtIta zUnya meM/nIlimA bichAI, aura "idhara 'nIce/nirI nIravatA chaaii|" (pR. 1) kintu ina paMktiyoM ke pazcAt hI kAvya kI bhASA-zailI layAtmakatA ko chor3a kara atukAnta rUpa gadya kI zailI meM pariNata ho jAtI hai / yadi zubhArambha se hI bhASA-zailI meM darzana yathAvat banA rahatA hai to darzana kA pariveza pAThakoM ko atyanta durUha ho jAtA / sambhavata: isIlie kavi ne bhASA ke mAdhyama se itanA avazya kara diyA ki ve dArzanika gaharAI meM pahu~ca sakeM aura kRti ke Ananda se vaMcita na rheN| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI yAtrA cAra sargoM meM vibhAjita hai jisameM pahale sarga kA zIrSaka diyA gayA hai-'saMkara nahIM : vrnn-laabh'| isa sarga meM mUkamATI dharatI mA~ ko apanI vyathA sunAtI hai : "sukha-muktA hU~,/du:kha-yuktA huuN|/ ...isa paryAya kI/iti kaba hogI?/isa kAyA kI/cyuti kaba hogI ?"(pR. 4-5) / itanA sunakara dharatI mA~ apane vAtsalya kA pradarzana karatI hai / aura mATI kA patha-pradarzana karatI hai : "sattA zAzvata hotI hai/sattA bhAsvata hotI hai beTA!/rahasya meM par3I isa gandha kA/anupAna karanA hogA" (pR.7)| prathama sarga meM mATI zilpI ke pAsa pahu~ca jAtI hai, jahA~ se maMgala ghaTa ke nirmANa kI yAtrA prArambha hotI hai / isa sarga meM nimnalikhita paMktiyA~ sUktiyoM ke rUpa meM zAzvata sandeza detI haiM : "saMgharSamaya jIvana kA/upasaMhAra/niyamarUpa se harSamaya hotA hai" (pR. 14) athavA "ati ke binA/ iti se sAkSAtkAra sambhava nhiiN"(pR.33)| dUsare sarga meM vaha mUkamATI susaMskRta hone se nirmANa kI prakriyA meM prayukta ho jAtI hai / jIvana-nirmANa kI kriyA meM saMyamita honA, kaSToM ko uThAne kA abhyAsa mATI ko ghaTa rUpa meM dhAraNa, parivartita kara detA hai| phira bhI jala dhAraNa karane rUpa paryAya abhI prApta nahIM huI, ata: saMyama kI agni meM tapanA par3atA hai| binA tape na svarNa zuddha hotA hai aura na hI ghaTa meM paripakvatA AtI hai, kyoMki vaha kisI bhI kSaNa TUTa sakatA hai / isa sarga meM miTTI ghaTa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai kintu ghaTa kI AkRti prApta kara lenA hI usakI pUrNatA nahIM hai| zilpI mATI kI manobhAvanA ko isa prakAra aMkita karatA hai ki cetana kI kriyAvatI zakti, jo binA vetana vAlI hai, sakriya ho jAtI hai aura cetana kI isa sthiti
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________________ 384 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ko anumati preSita karatI hai| zilpI ke adharoM para smiti ubhara AtI hai| dhana kI upalabdhi ke lie viSaya-kaSAyoM kA tyAga Avazyaka hai / binA puNya arjita kie AtmA ko siddha zAzvata svarUpa kI anubhUti karAnA asambhava hai| tIsare sarga meM miTTI ke ghaTa ke rUpa meM parivartana kI prakriyA puNya-pApa donoM se asambandhita hotI hai| tRtIya khaNDa AcAryazrI kI dArzanika, AdhyAtmika evaM sat-jJAna kI anubhUti karAtA hai| "artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatI,/artha kI lipsA ne bar3oM-bar3oM ko/nirlajja banAyA hai"(pR. 192) ; athavA "yahI dayA-dharma hai/yahI jiyA karma hai" (pR. 193); athavA "jala aura jvalanazIla anala meM/antara zeSa rahatA hI nahIM/sAdhaka kI antaradRSTi meM/nirantara sAdhanA kI yAtrA/bheda se abheda kI ora/veda se aveda kI ora/bar3hatI hai, bar3hanI hI cAhie" (pR. 267) ityAdi paMktiyA~ jIvana ko nUtana prakAza denevAlI arthacchaviyoM se yukta haiN| isa vizAlakAya grantha kI samIkSA sImita pRSThoM meM karanA asambhava pratIta hotA hai| kisI kRti kI viSayavastu kI vividhatA ko abhivyakti dene/karane ke lie svayaM eka nae prabandha kAvya kI anivAryatA athavA svatantra zodha prabandha kI anivAryatA ko dRSTigocara karAtA 'makamATI' meM varNita mATI kA zodhana, mATI kA ghaTa kA AkAra grahaNa aura agni meM tapa kara jaladhAraNa kI yogyatA Adi kA varNana bahuta sAmAnya-sI bAta hai, jise eka kumbhakAra bhI jAnatA hai / phira isa yuga ke ina mahAn AcArya ne isa bahuta sAmAnya ghaTanA ko apane mahAkAvya kI viSaya-vastu kyoM banAyA ? yathArtha isake bilkula viparIta hai| vastuta: miTTI, zilpI tathA ghaTa-nirmANa kI prakriyA meM Ae vibhinna pAtroM aura unake pratIkArtha ko samajhe binA isa 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI bhAvanA-bhUmi kI sataha kA sparza karanA hI atidurlabha hai / vAstava meM yaha kRti to mAnava mAtra ko dArzanika tattva cintana kI prakriyA ko samajhane ke lie aura Atmasiddhi ko prApta karane ke lie AcAryazrI kA loka-kalyANakArI maMgala AzIrvAda hai / mATI mUka hai kintu vaha deha kA pratIka hai| usake bhItara Atma-jJAnarUpI amRta jala rakhane ke lie tathA zuddhatA prApta karane/banAe rakhane ke lie puruSArtha kA avalamba lenA anivArya hotA hai| ghaTa nirmANa tathA AkRti grahaNa karane meM jitane bhI pAtra upakaraNa haiM, ve sabhI nimittoM ke pratIka haiN| nirmANa kI prakriyA mATI meM hotI hai kintu usako maMgala ghaTa rUpa denA zilpI svayaM mana meM gar3ha letA hai| zilpI nirmAtA hokara bhI nirmAtA nahIM hai| mATI meM ghaTa rUpa parivartita hone kI zakti vidyamAna rahane para bhI vaha svayaM ghaTa kA rUpa grahaNa karane meM asamartha hai| 'mUkamATI' kA pratyeka pRSTha jIvanta mahAkAvya likhane kI preraNA detA hai, jisase usameM AtmajJAnarUpI jala nirmala rUpa se surakSita raha sake / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA samApana hI nizcayata: eka nae mahAkAvya kI bhUmikA chipAe hue hai| gIta aura saMgIta meM thor3A antara hotA hai| inameM uttama koTi kA Ananda upalabdha karAne kI vyavasthA hotI hai| apane zaizava kAla se hI saragama dhvani yAnI sA-re-ga-ma-pa-dha-ni sunate Ae haiN| 'mUkamATI' meM AcAryazrI ne 'sA-rega-ma-pa-dha-ni' kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| ina sabhI akSaroM ko pRthaka-pRthaka na rakhakara, pAsa bulA leN| dekhie eka nayA artha. sAre gama yAnI sAre gamoM. yAnI da:khoM se chaTakArA pAne kA jo tarIkA/rAstA hai. vahI 'makamATI' kA divyasandeza hai / kucha aise zabdoM kA vizleSaNa kara artha prasphuTita kiyA hai jisakI kabhI hamane kalpanA bhI nahIM kii| yathA'gadhA' zabda ko cuneN| gadhA kA sAmAnya artha gadhA/mUrkha artha hama saba jAnate hI haiM, magara jo gadhA haiM ve bhI itane gadhA ho sakate haiM ki gadhe kA yaha artha nahIM samajheM, yaha bar3e Azcarya kI bAta hai / AcAryazrI ne gadhA/gadahA artha ko eka nUtana arthavattA pradAna kI hai- 'gada' yAnI roga aura 'hA' yAnI haraNa karane vAlA / gadhe ne prabhu se kAmanA kI hai ki prabhu mujhe aisI zakti do jisase maiM sabake rogoM kA haraNa kara sakU~ / agara hama meM se pratyeka ko gadhe kI kAmanA jaisI zakti prApta ho aura hamAre manoM meM aisI bhAvanA jAga sake ki hama dUsare ke rogoM kA nivAraNa kara sakeM, to maiM samajhatA hU~ ki 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA yaha sabase punIta aura sabase mahattvapUrNa sandeza hama sabhI apane jIvana meM Acarita kara sakate
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 385 'mUkamATI' meM kavi kI AtmA kA saMgIta to hai, magara pANDitya kA pradarzana nahIM aura na hI kisI adhyApaka kA upadeza hI Aropita hai| kahIM bhI darzana isameM Aropita nahIM hai, kyoMki svayaM AcAryazrI ne eka jagaha likhA hai ki prasaMga aura pariveza meM darzana svayaM udghATita ho jAtA hai / isameM kucha sthala to aise bhI haiM jahA~ mana hotA hai ki nyauchAvara ho jaae| tRtIya khaNDa meM eka udAharaNa dekhakara bodha aura zodha ke antara ko spaSTa kara diyA hai / parvata kI kandarAoM meM baiThakara jJAnArjana karane vAlA bhI apane jJAna ke Azraya se parvata kI U~cI coTI ko dekha to sakatA hai kintu cale binA usa coTI ke zikhara ko prApta nahIM kara sakatA / jJAnArjana ke pazcAt jJAna ko AcaraNa meM DhAle binA dharma nahIM hotA aura na hI mukti ko prApta kara sakate haiN| isa prakaraNa meM AcAryazrI ne bodha aura zodha ke antara ko bahuta hI uttama evaM sahaja DhaMga se kAvya meM spaSTa kara diyA hai| vidyArthIjana antyAkSarI khelate haiN| kabhI-kabhI zabdoM ko ulaTa-palaTa bhI karate haiN| taba kabhI vaha zabdoM kI ulaTa-palaTa manabhAvana rUpa meM badala jAtI hai aura eka nayA artha udbhUta ho jAtA hai / 'mUkamATI' meM bhI aise kucha zabda haiM jinheM hama navIna arthoM meM pAte haiN| yathA-'rAhI' zabda para dhyAna deN| 'rAhI' vahI hai jo sahI rAha para cale to 'hIrA' bana jAtA hai / yaha zabda vyutkrama kara navIna artha kI abhivyaMjanA bhAva saundarya kI abhivRddhi karA detA hai| varSoM se hama par3hate/sunate cale A rahe haiM vaha dharma vAkya, jise 'utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya-yuktaM sat' ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / AcAryazrI ne anubhavagamya evaM itanI sarala/sahaja bhASA meM isa sUtra ko vyAkhyAyita kara diyA hai jise par3ha/sunakara hRdaya evaM mana donoM hI tarotAz2A/praphullita ho jAte haiN| 'utpAdavyayadhauvyayuktaM sat' isakI vyAkhyA hama par3hate Ae haiM ki 'utpAda' hotA hai, 'vyaya' hotA hai magara ye jo 'dhuva' arthAt dhauvyapanA hai vaha zAzvata hai, sanAtana hai, cirantana hai, nirantara hai, ajara-amara hai / aisI vyAkhyA varSoM se par3hane ke bAvajUda bhI sarala evaM bodhagamya zabdoM evaM bhAvoM ke sAtha Aja taka par3hane/sunane ko nahIM milI / aMgrejI ke mahAn kavi zeksapiyara' ke sambandha meM eka viziSTa bAta kahI jAtI hai ki zeksapiyara' ne jaisA likhA, utanA zreSTha usake pahale nahIM likhA gyaa| ThIka vaisI hI sthiti AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke mahAn mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' ke isa prakaraNa meM hama dekha rahe haiM : 'utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat' ise AcAryazrI ne atyanta sarala bhASA meM hamAre mAnasa paTala para baiThA diyA hai| ise sAmAnya bhASA meM kaha sakate haiM : "AnA jAnA lagA huA hai/AnA yAnI janana-utpAda hai/jAnA yAnI maraNa-vyaya hai/lagA huA yAnI sthira-dhrauvya hai/ aura/yAnI cira-sat/yahI satya hai/yahI tathya !" (pR. 185) / bar3e-bar3e pANDitya pUrNa granthoM ke arthoM ko itanI sarala DhaMga evaM sahaja bhASA meM kaha diyA jAnA tathA mATI-sI saralatA ko bhASA meM utAra denA to atyanta durUha/muzkila kArya hai| isa bhASA kI saralatA kA zreya maiM samajhatA hU~ jinhoMne saba kucha bAhya parigraha/ADambara chor3a diyA hai tabhI sRjanAtmakatA kI ora mur3ane se aise bhAvoM ke A~gana meM zabdoM kI bhIr3a laga sakI aura unake hRdaya meM baiThI karuNA ne unheM hama sabako dizAbodha karAne hetu prerita kiyA hai| caturtha khaNDa agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' zIrSaka vAlA hai / yaha apane Apa meM svayaM eka viziSTa garimA ko dhAraNa kie hai| kAvya meM zabdoM ko viloma kara artha camatkAra utpanna karA diyA gayA hai, yathA- 'kharA' yAnI rAkha se bhI kharA jaisA artha nikAla lAnA tathA "mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI/mujhe jilAnA hai" (pR. 277) / isa paMkti meM jalAnA aura jilAnA yahA~ itane par3osI zabda haiM phira bhI eka-dUsare se inameM viparIta artha mAnA jAtA hai| isake bAvajUda bhI unake sambandha ko mRdulatA aura snehalatA pradAna karane kA kAma eka santa kI dRSTi hI kara sakatI hai, jo yahA~ zabdaartha evaM bhAvaza: sahI/kharI utarI hai| tabhI zabda ko artha, artha ko paramArtha aura AlocanA ke misa locana isa 'mUkamATI' kAvya meM prApta hote haiN|
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________________ 'mUkamATI': granthibhaMjaka sarjanA ___ DaoN. (zrImatI) kRSNA agnihotrI 'dharma, darzana evaM adhyAtma' sAmAnya jana-jIvana meM eka ulajhAva banakara raha gae haiM, Ama vyakti apanI jijJAsA ko bA~Ta nahIM pAtA, aise ulajhAva va granthiyoM ko tor3a dene vAlA mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' eka anupama prayAsa hai / apane kAvya dvArA dizAbhrama ko tor3ane kA mahAmuni kA prayAsa sArthaka va sarAhanIya hai| 'mATI' ko sArthaka pratIka banA kara bhavyatA taka pahu~cAnA eka kalyANakArI kArya hai / 'ziva' hI satya evaM uddezyapUrNa kalyANa haiM aura mAnava kI kalyANa yojanA abhivyakti - isa mahAkAvya meM apanI sampUrNa prAsaMgikatA se abhivyakta hai: "merA nAma sArthaka ho prabho!/yAnI/'gada' kA artha hai roga 'hA' kA artha hai hAraka/maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA banUM,/.."basa, aura kucha vAMchA nahIM/gada-hA gadahA !" (pR. 40) mAnava jIvana ke lie isase zreSTha aura kyA karma ho sakatA hai ? saMgharSa binA hamArI yaha mAnava miTTI deha sAdhAraNa hai / saMgharSa TakarAva hI use nikhArate haiM, saMgharSa hameM naI anubhUtiyA~ pradAna karate haiM aura hama apane AtmavizleSaNa dvArA apane rogoM (vikAroM) ko pahacAnakara, unheM dUra kara sakate haiN| zuddha AtmA hI maMgala soca, maMgala kArya meM DUba sakatI hai, AsthAoM ko sameTa sakatI hai : "...jIvana kA/AsthA se vAstA hone para/rAstA svayaM zAstA hokara sambodhita karatA sAdhaka ko/sAthI bana sAtha detA hai|" (pR. 9) asatya kI pahacAna se hI 'satya' kA udghATana ho jAtA hai| Aja kA yuga aisA samaya hai ki hama apane AsapAsa ke jhUTha ko nahIM pahacAna pAte / deza meM vyApta anAcAra hamAre mUlyoM ko dhvaMsa kara rahe haiM aura manuSya taTastha, palAyanavAdI bana vikAroM ko hI sAdhana banAnA saphalatA kI sIr3hI mAnatA hai / mahAmuni kA Adhunika yuga ko dRr3ha evaM sama-sAmayika yaha sandeza hai : 0 "patana pAtAla kA anubhava hI/utthAna-U~cAI kI AratI utAranA hai !" (pR. 10) 0 "pratikAra kI pAraNA/chor3anI hogI, beTA !/aticAra kI dhAraNA tor3anI hogI, beTA !/anyathA,/kAlAntara meM nizcita ye donoM/AsthA kI ArAdhanA meM/virAdhanA hI siddha hoMgI!" (pR. 12) dharma kI vaijJAnika, sahaja, sarala vyAkhyA munizrI ne upalabdha karAI hai ki jo viSaya-kaSAyoM ko tyAga kara jitendriya, jita-kaSAya aura vijitamanA ho kara, pUrI AsthA va vizvAsa dvArA AtmasAdhanA meM lIna hotA hai, vahI AtmA meM chupe Izvaratva kA sAkSAtkAra kara Atmika sukha prApta kara sakatA hai| apane zarIra kI mATI ko saMvArane hetu prakAza kI anivAryatA hai aura sacce karmarUpI cakra hI mATI ko saMvArane
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 387 kA hetu hai| binA zarIra dhAraNa kie hama kucha bhI samajha nahIM sakate, yaha satya hai / Izvara to sRSTi racanA meM pakSapAta nahIM karegA ki kisI ko sundara va kisI ko asundara jIvana pradAna kare / vaha eka zraddhA hai, vizvAsa hai, prakAza hai jise mATIdhArI dehI arjita karatA hai / prakAza kyA hai-ise lekhaka ne yatra-tatra apane zabdoM meM vyakta kiyA hai| mAyAvI saMsAra kI lapaToM se isa mATI ko mukta karanA hI par3atA hai : "kitanI tapana hai yaha !/bAhara aura bhItara/jvAlAmukhI havAyeM ye ! jala-sI gaI merI/kAyA cAhatI hai/sparza meM badalAhaTa, ghAma nahIM aba,/"dhAma mile !" (pR. 140) kavi ne pratIka va AlaMkArika bhASA se apane siddhAntoM ko pratipAdita karane kI ceSTA meM yaha sRjana prastuta kiyA hai / gurucaraNoM meM AtmArUpI guru hI zarIra ko dizA de sakatA hai / jIvana se vairAgya taka kI aneka sthitiyA~ yahA~ pratiphalita huI haiN| ___ mahAkAvya kA AkAra, viSaya udAtta hI honA cAhie / isalie yaha kathana satya hai ki kavi apanI sandezayAtrA pUrI kara eka naI vicAradhArA prastuta karanA cAhatA hai| rUr3ha aura vikRta dhArmika va sAMskRtika dhAraNAoM ke prati munizrI meM vidroha hai / ve unameM vyApta kurItiyoM evaM vighaTana ko samajha kara unheM haTA dene ko vyAkula haiM / zuddha sAttvika bhAva hI dharma hai ! vahI jIvana hai / isa abhizapta yuga ke lie zubha saMskAroM kI yaha racanA zreSTha mArgadarzana hai| mAnava ke jIvana se yadi adhikAra, sattA, lobha haTa jAe to vaha atyadhika santuSTa va sukhI ho sakatA hai aura yahI bAta munizrI apane mahAkAvya meM kahate haiM : "para para adhikAra calAne kI bhUkha/isI kA pariNAma hai| babUla ke dUMTha kI bhA~ti/mAna kA mUla kar3A hotA hai|" (pR. 131) jIvana kI vAstavikatA ko samajhane hetu hameM jIvana sAgara kI satahI vAsanAoM, AkAMkSAoM meM DUbane se kucha bhI prApta nahIM hotA / gaharAI va sUkSmatA se isa mATI kI gaharAI ko samajhanA pdd'egaa| saMsAra se mokSa hetu zarIra, deha kI mohabandha icchAoM se mukta honA Avazyaka hai : "bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA AmUla miTa jAnA hI/mokSa hai|" (pR. 486) mahAkAvyAnurUpa udAtta bhAvanAoM kA sRjana rUpaka va pratIkoM se vyakta huA hai / maMgalamayapana tathA lokakalyANa kA athaka parizrama hai yaha grantha / bhASA dRSTi se kAvya ati uttama hai / zabdAlaMkAra, arthAlaMkAra kI jhanakAra prastuti uccakoTi ke svara se paripUrNa hai| nizA kA avasAna gherA hai . upAkI avazAna ye rITe.
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : mATI para hindI meM likhA pahalA mahAkAvya DaoN. zivasiMha pataMga 'mUkamATI' ko hindI sAhitya ke pariprekSya meM dekhane para isakI bhUmikA meM prastavana' lekhaka dvArA uThAI gaI jijJAsA ki 'ise mahAkAvya kaheM yA khaNDakAvya athavA mAtra kAvya'-usa ora dRSTi sahaja calI jAtI hai| merI dRSTi meM darzana ke binA kavitA bA~jha hotI hai aura kavitA ke binA darzana reta ke samAna rUkhA hotA hai| 'mUkamATI' grantha na bA~jha hai aura na hI reta / apitu yaha sarasa kAvya hai / isake dvArA hameM eka aisI puSTa vicAradhArA prApta hotI hai jo na kevala jaina darzana ko hamAre sAmane spaSTa karatI hai balki Adhunika samAja evaM nUtana vijJAna ko bhI spaSTa kara detI hai| .....'kabIra' kI prasiddha sAkhI hai- "mATI kahe kumhAra se, tU kA rauMde moya / ika dina aisA AyagA, maiM rauMdUMgI toy|" isase aisA dhvanita hotA hai ki kabIra se lekara abhI vartamAna taka paramparA rahA ha moTI para lakhana kI lekina merI mAnyatA hai ki yaha pahalA hindI mahAkAvya hai jo mATI para likhA gayA hai / san 1936 meM DaoN. mulkarAya Ananda ne eka 'kulI' upanyAsa likhA thaa| usa samaya usakA mahattva isalie thA ki usake pUrva kuliyoM ko nAyaka banAkara koI upanyAsa nahIM likhA gayA thaa| usI bhA~ti isakA bhI mahattva isalie hai ki hindI meM mATI para likhA gayA yaha pahalA mahAkAvya hai| sAtha hI AkAra kI dRSTi se Adhunika yuga meM panta jI ke 'lokAyatana' ko chor3akara itanA bar3A koI anya mahAkAvya nahIM likhA gayA / pantajI kA lokAyatana' avazya hI itane AkAra kA hai kintu zeSa anya jitane bhI mahAkAvya likhe gae, ve bhI itane bar3e AkAra ke hameM nahIM dikhAI dete| __AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI meM pANDitya vidyamAna hai, tabhI Adhunika kavitA kI jitanI zailiyA~ haiM una sabakA prayoga isa 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM prApta hai / chAyAvAda se lekara naI kavitA ke rUpa meM likhe gae yA likhe jA rahe kAvyoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara 'mUkamATI' meM se kucha aMza chA~Ta kara, nikAla kara yadi usake nIce muktibodha likha deM, to lagane lagatA hai yaha kavitA muktibodha kI hai / athavA isake kucha aMzoM ko alaga-alaga nikAla kara unake nIce yadi nAgArjuna evaM sumitrAnandana panta likha deM to ve paMktiyA~ bhI nAgArjuna yA pantajI kI likhI huI lagane lagatI haiN| isalie kahanA hogA ki Adhunika kAvya kI jitanI zailiyA~ haiM ve sabhI mUkamATI' meM khojane, par3hane para prApta haiN| isameM kucha saMkhyAoM kA bhI prayoga hai / ata: kucha loga kaha sakate haiM ki yaha bhI koI kavitA hai ! kintu 99 kI saMkhyA vAlI eka kavitA, jisameM saMsAra ko ninyAnave kA phera kahA gayA hai, vaha bhI eka kavitA hai| hindI kA eka vidyArthI ke nAte maiM kaha sakatA hU~ ki 'mUkamATI' eka nae taraha kA mahAkAvya hai jisameM Adhunika kavitA kI jahA~ samasta zailiyA~ samAI huI haiM, vahIM Adhunika sAhitya kA zreSTha rUpa bhI 'mUkamATI' ke mAdhyama se hindI jagat ko hI nahIM, balki duniyA ko vicAra kI dRSTi se eka maulika vicAradhArA prApta huI hai| 'mUkamATI' meM AcAryazrI ne itanI kuzalatA ke sAtha jaina tattva darzana diyA hai ki vo bojhila nahIM lgtaa| maiMne 'divyA' ko khUba par3hA hai / yazapAla ke upanyAsa agara Apa par3heM to usameM samAjavAdI darzana ko isa prakAra nibaddha kiyA gayA hai jisase ki usakA alaga se koI patA hI nahIM cltaa| ThIka aise hI kalAtmaka DhaMga se 'mUkamATI' meM jaina darzana ko piroyA gayA hai jise koI bhI jaina yA ajaina bandhu par3he, parantu kAvya meM bojhilatA nahIM AtI / isameM jJAna kI kathA hai| ziva kI kathA bhI hai| isameM kAmadeva haiM to sItA bhI haiN| prasaMga meM jahA~ rAvaNa hai to kahIM bAlI evaM hanumAna bhI haiN| Aja kI jvalanta samasyA AtaMkavAda bhI hai / ataeva ise hama samagratA se dekheM-par3heM to kaha sakate haiM ki yaha vo jaina darzana hai jo jaina darzana hI bhArata varSa hai, samagra vizva hai| 'mUkamATI' meM eka vyApaka dRSTi par3hane, dekhane ko milatI hai| ise maiM eka udAharaNa se batalAnA cAhU~gA / do zramaNa kaThora tapa karate haiN| varSA Rtu meM ve naMge vadana bAhara khar3e rahate haiM to jAr3e meM binA kapar3oM ke rahate aura garmI meM Aga
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 389 ke bIca meM rahate / kaThora tapa ke jitane rUpa hote yA ho sakate, una sabhI ko vaha sahana karate / una zramaNoM ko eka samAcAra milA / unake nikaTavartI grAma meM bhagavAn buddha kA saMgha AyA huA hai aura vahA~ para vaha pravacana-upadeza kara rahe haiN| donoM zramaNa unake upadeza ko sunane pahu~ce / una do meM se eka zramaNa bhagavAna buddha ke upadezoM se prabhAvita huA aura vaha dUsare se bolA : "maiM inase dIkSA lenA cAhatA huuN|" dUsare ne javAba diyA : "tumhArI tuma jAno, abhI maiM apane bAre meM socuuNgaa|" dUsare ziSya ne pravacanoparAnta eka prazna kiyA : "bhagavana ! hameM yaha batalAe~, Apane jo buddhatva prApta kiyA hai, kyA vaha Apa mujhameM bhara sakate haiM ? (bhautika zAstra meM jise TrAnsamizana kahate haiM, tadrUpa kriyA mujhameM kara sakate haiM ? Apa meM jo bodha yA jJAna hai vaha jyoM kA tyoM mujha meM TrAnsamiTa ho sakatA hai ?)" bhagavAn kucha musakarAe aura bole, "tuma bahuta catura ho|" parantu prazna kA koI jabAva nahIM diyA aura anyatra vihAra kara ge| lekhaka ne likhA ki jo dUsarA zramaNa thA vaha buddha ke baiThane ke tarIke se prabhAvita thA / ve calate to unake hAtha jisa taraha calate-ghUmate, unase vaha prabhAvita thA / arthAt buddha kI samagratA- kriyAoM se prabhAvita thaa| lekina prazna kA uttara nahIM dene ke tarIke se prabhAvita nahIM huA aura dUsare zramaNa se bolA : "maiMne to nirNaya kara liyA ki inakA ziSyatva grahaNa nahIM kruuNgaa|" aura vaha bhI vahA~ se calA jAtA hai / kathA bahuta lambI hai / anta meM vaha eka nadI pAra karane hetu zAma ke samaya taTa para pahu~ca kara mallAha se nadI pAra karAne ke lie kahatA hai / nAvika ne Agraha kara nivedana kiyA cU~ki zAma adhika ho cukI hai, aba maiM nAva nahIM calA sakU~gA, ataeva Apa rAtri vizrAma merI kuTI meM hI kreN| prAta: vaha nadI pAra karA detA hai| aneka varSoM ke bAda puna: usI nagarI se hote hue ve zramaNa pahu~cate haiN| puna: usI mallAha se nadI pAra karAne ke lie kahate haiN| nadI pAra karA dene para mallAha se pUchate haiM cU~ki maiMne pahalI bAra bhI paise nahIM die the aura abhI bhI nahIM, isa para tuma santuSTa kaise rahate-dikhAI dete ho ? mallAha ne kahA cU~ki Apake pAsa kucha hai hI nahIM, ata: lene-dene kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA aura phira maine Apa se paise mA~ge bhI nhiiN| jahA~ taka santuSTi kA prazna hai to merI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna sadaiva yaha nadI kara detI hai| maiM ekAnta meM taTa ke kinAre para sthita patthara para baiTha jAtA hU~ aura nadI se prazna karatA hU~ aura nadI merI samasyA kA na sahaja hI kara detI hai| isa vizeSatA se prabhAvita vaha zramaNa usa ekAnta kinAre ke patthara para baiThatA hai| mallAha jAte hue samajhA jAtA hai ki prazna ekAgracitta se karanA, tabhI uttara mila skegaa| aisA hI hotA hai| nAvika ke lauTakara Ane para zramaNa kahatA hai ki tumane mujhe Aja jo jJAna diyA hai, vaha anyatra kahIM nahIM milaa| mere sabhI praznoM kA uttara nadI ne dekara mujhe santuSTa kara diyaa| _ 'mUkamATI' meM bhI nadI uttara detI hai| vaha jJAna ke dvArA sambodhana karatI hai / AcAryazrI ne isameM kahA hai : "AsthA se vAstA hone para/rAstA svayaM zAstA hokara/sambodhita karatA sAdhaka ko" (pR. 9)- jo uparokta kathAnaka se bahuta kucha milatA-julatA hai| bhagavAn buddha ne parama ziSya Ananda ko antima vAkya kahe the : "appadIvo bhava" arthAt apane dIpaka khuda bno| vaise hI AcAryazrI ne batalAyA hai ki sAdhaka kA jo sAdhanA patha hai, vahI usake lie sAdhaka, sahAyaka hai, sAtha hI upadezaka bhii| ThIka DhaMga se patha para calane se, manoyoga pUrvaka kriyA karane se vaha patha hI usakA upadezaka, mArga dikhalAne vAlA ho jAtA hai| anta meM mUka hote hue bhI isa vAcAla mATI ke sambandha meM eka zera kahakara apanI zabda yAtrA ko virAma detA tor "ise saiyyada ne kucha, gula ne kucha, bulabula ne kucha smjhaa| camana meM kitanI mAnI khez2a thI ika khAmozI merii|"
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________________ kAlajayI kRti : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. kusuma paToriyA 'mUkamATI'vaha kAlajayI kRti hai, jisameM kavitA, darzana va yugIna cetanA kI triveNI kA saMgama hai / isa kAvya kI racanA rUpakAtmaka (Allegorical) zailI meM huI hai| ise sAMketika yA anyokti zailI bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| bhArata meM isa zailI kA prAcIna pratinidhi udAharaNa saMskRta meM racita 'upamitibhava-prapaMca-kathA' va 'prabodhacandrodaya' tathA Adhunika pratinidhi udAharaNa 'kAmAyanI' mahAkAvya hai / __mUkamATI bhavyAtmA kA pratIka hai, jo vizuddhi mArga para ArohaNa karate hue mokSamArga para agrasara hotI hai / 'mUkamATI' samAnAntara calane vAlI eka sAdhaka kI sAdhanA kathA hai, para yaha kathA siddhAnta vizeSa kA mAdhyama banakara prastuta huI hai| kathA ke sarasa kintu jhIne AvaraNa se siddhAnta svayaM jhalaka par3ate haiN| kAvya meM se apanI chaTA bikherate haiN| sahRdaya ko AdhyAtmika aura sAhityika donoM prakAra kA Ananda pradAna karate haiN| sampUrNa kAvya cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai| khaNDa ke zIrSaka haiM-'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha; 'zabda so bodha nahIM: bodha so zodha nahIM; 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' tathA 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' / lagabhaga 500 pRSThoM ko sameTe hue isa kAvya kA phalaka mahAkAvyocita, vistRta hai| __mahAkAvya kA Arambha prakRti kI suramya kror3a meM huA hai| sUrya, mA~ prAcI kI mArdava goda meM leTA hai / jagat para sindUrI rAga kI AbhA bikharI hai / candramA aura usake pIche taralA tArikAe~ astAcala meM chupI jA rahI haiN| tabhI saritA taTa kI mATI apanI mUka vyathA mukharita karatI hai, apanI mA~ dharatI ke sammukha / vaha padAkrAnta jIvana se mukta hone kI kAmanA karatI hai / dharatI kA sambodhana zurU hotA hai / sAdhanA ke patha para AsthA kA sambala va apanI sthiti kA jJAna honA Avazyaka hai / apanI laghutA kA jJAna hI unnati ke lie apUrva ghaTanA hai / "asatya kI sahI pahacAna hI/satya kA avadhAna hai, beTA !" (pR. 9) isake bAda zurU hotI hai sAdhanA ke kSetra kI yAtrA, skhalana kI sambhAvanAoM ke saath| sAdhaka, na anukUlatA kI pratIkSA karatA hai aura na pratikUlatA kA pratikAra / mATI kI vyathA jIvAtmA ke kArmika vyathana kI kathA hai / AtmA se karmoM kA saMzleSaNa-vizleSaNa hI vyathA kA mUla hai / kumbhakAra mATI ke jIvana ko UrdhvamukhI banAtA hai / maMgala ghaTa meM parivartita karane ke lie mATI ko zuddha karatA hai, kaMkaroM ko sAfa karatA hai, mRdu banAtA hai| miTTI ko varNalAbha prApta hotA hai| ___ varNa kA Azaya raMga yA aMga se na hokara AcaraNa se hai / mATI aura kaMkara donoM kRSNavarNa haiM, parantu mATI meM mRdutA kA guNa hai aura jaladhAraNa kI kSamatA hai| kaMkara kaThora haiM, jaladhAraNa ke ayogya / isIlie kumbhakAra saMkaradoSa kA nivAraNa karane ke lie kaMkara koSa kA vAraNa karatA hai aura mATI ko varNalAbha hotA hai : "nIra kA kSIra bananA hI/varNa-lAbha hai,/varadAna hai| aura/kSIra kA phaTa jAnA hI/varNa-saMkara hai/abhizApa hai|" (pR. 49) aura yahI isa khaNDa ke zIrSaka kI sArthakatA hai| dvitIya khaNDa meM kumbhakAra kA prayAsa cAlU hai| mATI ko jaladhAraNa yogya banAne usane kuMkuma ke samAna mRdu mATI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 391 meM chanA nirmala jala milA kara nUtana prANa phUMka die haiN| pAnI par3ate hI mATI ke kaNoM meM jur3Ava A gayA hai / alagAva kI apekSA ekIkaraNa kA AvirbhAva ho rahA hai| jalatattva kA svabhAva bahAva mATI ke prANoM meM jAkara ThaharAva kA anubhava kara rahA hai| pAnI ne usI prakAra nava prANa pAe haiM, jisa prakAra jJAnI ke padoM meM ajJAnI nava jJAna pAtA hai| zIta kI kaThoratA kA sAmrAjya hai, para zilpI jo kartRtvabuddhi chor3akara kartavyabuddhi se jur3a gayA hai, isa zIta se bhIta nahIM hai / eka sUtI cAdara se usakA kAma cala jAtA hai, kyoMki vaha kama bala vAlA kAma kA dAsa nahIM hai| tabhI kaNThagata prANavAlA kA~TA, jo miTTI khodane meM kumbhakAra kI kudAlI se Ahata huA thA, pratizodha se jala rahA hai use pratIkSA hai kumbhakAra se badalA lene kI, parantu zilpI kA vinayabhAva dekhakara usakA krodha/pratizodha bhAva mada kI taraha utara jAtA hai / use eka naI anubhUti hotI hai| yahIM zIrSaka kA rahasya khulatA hai| pratizodha pApa kA pratinidhi bhAva hai, bodha puNya kA pratinidhi, parantu zodhabhAva anubhUti kA pratinidhi hai / bodha meM AkulatA palatI hai, zodha meM nirAkulatA hai / bodha phUla hai, zodha phala / tRpti kA anubhava phUla se nahIM phala se hotA hai / phUla kI rakSA aura phala kA bhakSaNa honA caahie| phUla meM gandha hotI hai, para rasa kevala phala meM hI hotA hai| tabhI to sAdhaka anubhUti kA hI rasa grahaNa karate haiM, kevala zabda bodha nahIM aura bodha anubhUti nahIM hai / bodha hI zabdoM ke rUpa meM vyakta hotA hai| isalie kavi kahatA hai ki bodha ke siMcana binA zabdoM ke paudhe ye kabhI lahalahAte nahIM haiM aura bodha jaba anubhUti meM badalatA hai, tabhI zodha kahalAtA hai| ___anubhUti hote hI kaMTaka pazcAtApa karane lagatA hai / isa prasaMga meM navarasoM kI naI vyAkhyAe~ haiN| kumbhakAra mATI ko rauMda-rauMdakara aura mRdu karatA hai / kumbha kA AkAra detA hai| phira usake jalIya aMza ko sukhAne ke lie use khulI, tapI dharatI meM rakhatA hai| tIsare khaNDa meM khulI dhUpa meM tapazcaraNa karate kumbha ko samudra bhigo DAlanA cAhatA hai / vaha badaliyoM ko saMketa karatA hai, parantu sUrya badaliyoM se prabhAvita nahIM hotA, aura unheM sambodhita karatA hai / isI prasaMga meM kavi ke strI viSayaka vicAra prastuta hue haiN| strI ke prati unakA AdarabhAva vyakta huA hai| samudra sadA se dharA ko zItalatA kA lobha dekara lUTatA AyA hai, tabhI vasundharA kevala dharA raha gii| usakA vasu -dhana ratnAkara bahAkara le gyaa| dharatI sarvasahA hai / parantu sUrya nyAya-patha kA pathika hai, use yaha anyAya sahya nhiiN| anyAya para nyAya kI vijaya ke lie ve apanI prakhara-prakharatara kiraNoM se jaladhi ke jala ko sukhAne lge| parantu jalA huA jala bhI jalada bana kara bAra-bAra barasatA rahA / apane doSa-chadma ko chupAtA rahA / candramA ghUsa lekara sudhAkara to bana gayA, parantu lajjita candra cora-sA saMzaka hone se rAta ko hI nikalatA hai / tArAe~ bhI candra kA anukaraNa karatI haiN| luTerA sAgara candra ko dekhakara umar3atA hai, sUrya ko dekhakara ubalatA hai| ____ kumbhakAra ke prAMgaNa meM usakI anupasthiti meM motiyoM kI barasAta hotI hai / muktAvRSTi kumbha ke puNyArjana kI upalabdhi hai / maNDalI sahita rAjA vahA~ pahu~catA hai / aura motiyoM ko boriyoM meM bharane kA saMketa karatA hai, para motiyoM ko chUte hI rAjA kI maNDalI mUrcchita ho jAtI hai| tabhI kumbhakAra vahA~ pahu~catA hai / U~kAra ke mantrita jala se mUrcchita rAjamaNDalI ko svastha karatA hai aura svayaM motiyoM ko boriyoM meM bhara kara rAjA ko samarpita karatA hai| idhara bAdala ativRSTi aura upalavRSTi karate haiN| kumbha upasarga aura parISahoM ko sahana karatA hai| usake pApa kA prakSAlana ho jAtA hai / kumbhakAra kumbha kI sAdhanA se santuSTa hai / abhI kumbha kI aura parIkSA honI hai- agni priikssaa| caturtha khaNDa meM mATI, jo kumbha kA AkAra pA cukI hai, use abhI aura tapazcaraNa karanA bAkI hai, abhI agni parIkSA denI hai / agni parIkSA dete samaya ghaTa bhukti aura mukti-donoM kI cAha se mukta ho gayA hai, sAtApUrvaka binA Aha
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________________ 392 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ke dAha ko sahana karatA hai| avA~ se bAhara Akara kumbha ke mana meM eka hI bhAva hai ki maiM pAtra-dAna ke kAma aauuN| eka nirgrantha sAdhakajisakA bAhya rUpa tyAga aura tapazcaraNa se rUkSa ho para antaraMga ahiMsA ke salila se snigdha ho- ke pAda-prakSAlana ke kAma aauuN| aura usakI yaha bhAvanA zIghra pUrI hotI hai| mATI kA kumbha guru ke pAda-prakSAlana kara apanA jIvana dhanya karatA hai / isa khaNDa kI kathA anya kathAoM kI tulanA meM dugunI se adhika hai / aneka prasaMga, ghaTanAe~, upakathAe~ haiN| nirgrantha sAdhu ke AhAra-dAna kI sampUrNa prakriyA, AhAradAtAoM ke bhAvoM ke sAtha vyakta huI hai| mATI sahita aneka mUrta-amUrta pAtra mAnavIkRta hokara kAvya meM Ae haiN| prathama khaNDa meM dharatI, gadahA,kumbhakAra, machalI, rassI, dA~ta, rasanA Adi pAtra kathA pravAha ko Age bar3hAte haiN| dUsare khaNDa meM kaNTaka, vasanta tathA tIsare khaNDa meM DAvisammanniAkara gAyapatha kA pathika bhAna ghamakhora canda. tIna badaliyA~. baDavAnala. pavana aura cauthe khaNDa meM babUla kI lakar3I, agni, kumbha, matkuNa, svarNa kalazI Adi aneka pAtra upasthita hue haiN| kathA ke laghu AyAma ko ina pAtroM ke sambhASaNoM ne vistAra diyA hai| ina sambhASaNoM ke kAraNa hI darzana aura adhyAtma kI bhitti para racita isa kAvya meM nATakIya-gati-pravAha AyA hai| ina nirjIva pAtroM kA sajIva manuSya kI bhA~ti vyavahAra kRti meM navInatA kA AdhAna karatA hai| sAre kAvya meM aneka sUktiyA~ bikharI par3I haiM, jinameM Adhunika samasyAoM kI vyAkhyA hai to jIvana ke sandarbha meM marmasparzI vaktavya bhii| isameM sAmAjika, rAjanItika va dhArmika kSetroM meM vyApta kurItiyoM kA pradarzana bhI hai| kucha sUktiyA~ uddhRta karanA anivArya hai| satpatha pathika vaha hai jo patha para calate hue phira lauTa kara nahIM dekhatA / yaha pathika muktipatha kA rAhI to hai hI, isake atirikta bhI jIvana meM anya ucca udAtta laukika dhyeya ko lekara calane vAlA bhI ho sakatA hai : "patha para calatA hai/satpatha-pathika vaha mur3akara nahIM dekhatA/tana se bhI, mana se bhii|" (pR. 3) utthAna kI dizA meM sAdhanA kA pahalA caraNa hai apanI patita avasthA kA ehasAsa karanA / yahI sAdhaka ke jIvana kI aparva ghaTanA hotI hai : 0 "patana pAtAla kA anubhava hI/utthAna-U~cAI kI AratI utAranA hai !" (pR.10) 0 "duHkha kI vedanA meM/jaba nyUnatA AtI hai duHkha bhI sukha-sA lagatA hai|" (pR. 18) yaha sArvakAlika satya kitane sarala kintu mArmika DhaMga se vyakta huA hai| vicAroM kI ekatA aura spaSTatA sahI sampreSaNa kI anivArya zarta hai : "vicAroM ke aikya se/AcAroM ke sAmya se/sampreSaNa meM nikhAra AtA hai,/varanA/vikAra AtA hai|" (pR. 22) kartRtva buddhi ahaMkAra kI poSaka hai, aura kartavya buddhi samAja-racanA kI anivAryatA / kavi kA jIvana darzana ina sUktiyoM dvArA sthAna-sthAna para vyakta huA hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 393 "kartRtva-buddhi se/mur3a gayA hai vaha/aura/kartavya-buddhi se jur3a gayA hai vh|" (pR. 28-29) saMsAra jIvana ke nirvAha ke lie nahIM, nirmANa ke lie hai : "yahA~ para/jIvana kA nirvAha' nahIM/'nirmANa' hotA hai|" (pR. 43) svabhAva dharma hai to vibhAva vikRti / jala jIvanadAtA hai, jala kI vikRti hai hima-jIvanadhvaMsI : "jala jIvana detA hai/hima jIvana letA hai, svabhAva aura vibhAva meM/yahI antara hai|" (pR. 54) dharma kI oTa meM hiMsA aura zAstra se zastra kA kArya lenA avasaravAda kI upaja hai / yaha avasaravAditA dharma ke prati anAsthA utpanna karatI hai : "dharma kA jhaNDA bhI/DaNDA bana jAtA hai zAstra zastra bana jAtA hai/avasara paakr|" (pR. 73) isameM rAjanetAoM ko saMketa hai ki rAjamukuTa phUloM kI seja na hokara kA~ToM kI zayyA honA cAhie, anyathA rAjasattA rAjasa-tA ho jAtI hai : "ghana-ghamaNDa se bhare huoM/kI uddaNDatA dUra karane daNDa-saMhitA kI vyavasthA hotI hai/aura zAstA kI/zAsana-zayyA phUlavatI nahIM/zUla zIlA ho, anyathA,/rAjasattA vaha rAsaja-tA kI rAnI-rAjadhAnI banegI!" (pR. 104) Aja sAhitya jagat meM jo lambI-caur3I vyAkhyAe~ milatI haiM, jinameM zabdoM kI cakAcauMdha se yathArtha chipa jAtA hai| Ama pAThaka sambhramita ho jAtA hai / ise kama kintu sazakta zabdoM meM vyakta kiyA hai : "lambI, gagana cUmatI vyAkhyA se/mUla kA mUlya kama hotA hai sahI mUlyAMkana guma hotA hai / " (pR. 109) jise rUpa kI pyAsa hai, vahI jar3a zRMgAroM meM magna rahatA hai aura jise arUpa kI Asa lagI ho ? "jise rUpa kI pyAsa nahIM hai,/arUpa kI Asa lagI ho use kyA prayojana jar3a zRMgAroM se !" (pR. 139) dharma ke kSetra meM Aja kyA sthiti hai ? dharma ke pAvana patha para dUba uga AI hai kyoM ? kyoMki : "kevala kathanI meM karuNA rasa ghola/dharmAmRta-varSA karane vAloM kI bhIr3a ke kAraNa!" (pR. 152)
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________________ 394 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA Aja ke patha pradarzakoM kI dazA kA citraNa bhI avalokanIya hai : "vaha svayaM patha para calanA cAhatA nahIM, auroM ko calAnA cAhatA hai|" (pR. 152) kavi kA jIvana darzana sAhitya rasoM kI carcA meM mukharita huA hai / karuNA jIvana kA prANa samIradharmI hai / vAtsalya jIvana kA trANa dhavalima nIradharmI hai parantu zAnta rasa jIvana kA gAna madhurima kSIradharmI hai / karuNA bhI udAtta bhAvanA hai : "dayA-karuNA niravadhi hai/karuNA kA kendra vaha saMvedana-dharmA'cetana hai/pIyUSa kA ketana hai| karuNA kI karNikA se/avirala jharatI hai/samatA kI saurabha-sugandha / " (pR. 39) isIlie ve karuNA ko moha kA aMza nahIM, apitu AMzika moha kA dhvaMsa mAnate haiN| lokatantra kI rIr3ha bahumata meM nahIM hai / lokatantra kA nIr3a alpamata ko bhI ucita sthAna dene meM hai / lokatantra kisI vicAra vizeSa ko antima satya mAnane meM nahIM, anya vicAroM ko bhI ucita sammAna dene meM hai| anekAntavAda samIcIna dRSTi hai, vastu ke antaraMga kA sparza karatI hai : "loka meM lokatantra kA nIr3a/taba taka surakSita rahegA jaba taka 'bhI' zvAsa letA rhegaa|/'bhii' se svacchandatA-madAndhatA miTatI hai svatantratA ke svapna sAkAra hote haiM,/sadvicAra sadAcAra ke bIja 'bhI' meM haiM, 'hI' meM nhiiN|" (pR. 173) deza kI ekatA-akhaNDatA ko kSati pahu~cAne ke lie rAjanaitika dala zataraMja kI cAla cala kara daladala paidA kara rahe haiM / dala bahulatA zAnti ke lie abhizApa hai : "dala-bahulatA zAnti kI hananI hai nA!/...tuccha svArthasiddhi ke lie kucha vyartha kI prasiddhi ke lie/saba kucha anartha ghaTa sakatA hai !" (pR. 197) dhanatantrI gaNatantra meM niraparAdhI daNDita ho rahe haiM, aura aparAdhI niHzaMka ghUma rahe haiM : "prAya: aparAdhI-jana baca jAte/niraparAdha hI piTa jAte, aura unheM/pITate-pITate TUTatoM hm|/ise hama gaNatantra kaise kaheM ? yaha to zuddha 'dhanatantra' hai/yA/manamAnA 'tantra' hai !" (pR. 271) darzana aura adhyAtma kA antara atyanta spaSTa rUpa se rekhAMkita huA hai : "darzana kA srota mastaka hai,/svastika se aMkita hRdaya se adhyAtma kA jharanA jharatA hai|" (pR. 288) adhyAtma sarovara hai to darzana lahara hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 395 "adhyAtma svAdhIna nayana hai/darzana parAdhIna upanayana / " (pR. 288) adhyAtma svastha jJAna hai, darzana saMkalpa-vikalpoM meM vyasta hotA hai / darzana vicAra hai, adhyAtma nirvicAra / kucha marmasparzinI sUktiyA~ mana aura buddhi donoM ko jhakajhoratI haiM : "apanI pyAsa bujhAye binA/auroM ko jala pilAne kA saMkalpa mAtra kalpanA hai,/mAtra jalpanA hai|" (pR. 293) aura dekhie - rupaye kA koI mUlya nahIM hai : "svarNa kA mUlya hai/rajata kA mUlya hai/kaNa ho yA mana ho prati padArtha kA mUlya hotA hI hai |/prntu, dhana kA apane Apa meM mUlya/kucha bhI nahIM hai|" (pR. 307-308) adhyAtma kI bhUmi para racita isa kAvya kI dRSTi se Adhunika samAja aura rAjanIti kI asaMgatiyA~ ojhala nahIM huI haiM / paga-paga para yugIna cetanA mukharita huI hai| AtaMkavAda atipoSaNa yA atizoSaNa se hI janmatA hai : "mAna ko TIsa pahu~cane se hI,/AtaMkavAda kA avatAra hotA hai| ati-poSaNa yA atizoSaNa kA bhI/yahI pariNAma hotA hai|" (pR. 418) sAtha meM yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hai : "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda/zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI, dharatI yaha / " (pR. 441) pada kA abhimAna kaisA hotA hai, kavi ke zabdoM meM dekheM : "padavAle hI padopalabdhi hetu/para ko pada-dalita karate haiM ...jitane bhI pada haiM/vaha vipadAoM ke Aspada haiN|" (pR. 434) dharatI ke AbhUSaNa zramajIvI haiM, jinhoMne ise sajAyA, sa~vArA hai : "jo kucha hai dharatI kI zobhA/ina se hI hai aura, ina jaise sevA-kArya-ratoM se|" (pR. 458) dhanasaMgraha se hI coroM kA janma hotA hai, isIlie AvazyakatA janasaMgraha kI hai na ki dhanasaMgraha kii| anyathA 'ye corI mata karo' kA upadeza nATakIya hai / dhanasaMgrahI hI cora haiM, coroM ke janmadAtA haiM : "aba dhana-saMgraha nahIM,/jana-saMgraha karo!/aura/lobha ke vazIbhUta ho aMdhAdhundha saMkalita kA/samucita vitaraNa karo/anyathA, dhanahInoM meM/corI ke bhAva jAgate haiM, jAge haiN|" (pR. 467-468)
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________________ 396 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA nyAya-vyavasthA meM itanA vilamba ho jAtA hai ki nyAya milane para vyakti ko usakA sukha yA lAbha nahIM mila pAtA / vaha nyAya use nyAya na lagakara, anyAya-sA lagatA hai : "AzAtIta vilamba ke kAraNa/anyAya nyAya-sA nahIM nyAya anyAya-sA lagatA hI hai| aura yahI huA isa yuga meM isake saath|" (pR. 272) artha kA Akalana aura saMkalana hI isa yuga meM mahattvapUrNa ho gayA hai / kalA jisakA prayojana Ananda thA, aba artha saMkalana mAtra hI raha gayA hai : "sakala kalAoM kA prayojana banA hai/kevala artha kA Akalana-saMkalana / " (pR. 396) dhana ke anucita moha aura mahattva ke kAraNa kavi pUchate haiM : "dhana jIvana ke lie/yA jIvana dhana ke lie ?" (pR. 180) yadyapi kAvya kA kathApaTala sImita hai, prakRticitraNa ke lie ucita avasara nahIM hai, phira bhI kavi ne prakRti ke upAdAnoM ko mahAkAvya ke pAtra banAkara isake lie avasara pA lie haiN| Arambha meM hI prAcI aura sUrya mA~ kI goda meM leTe abodha bAlaka kA rUpa lekara Ate haiN| prabhAta rAta ko sAr3I bheMTa karatA hai / bhAI kI dI huI sAr3I pahana kara manda muskAna ke sAtha rAta prabhAta ko sammAnita karatI hai, jo sundara aura maulika upamA hai : "...harSAtireka se/upahAra ke rUpa meM/komala kopaloM kI/halakI AbhA-dhulI haritAbha kI sAr3I/detA hai rAta ko |/ise pahana kara/jAtI huI vaha prabhAta ko sammAnita karatI hai/manda muskAna ke sAtha"! bhAI ko bahana sii|" (pR. 19) saritA taTa kA phena mAno dahI chalakAtI huI maMgala kalaziyA~ haiN| dharatI ke tRNabindu mAnoM usake hRdaya meM umar3I karuNA hai : "tRNa-binduoM ke miSa/ullAsavatI saritA-sI dharatI ke komala kendra meM/karuNA kI umar3ana hai|" (pR. 20) dUsare khaNDa ke Arambha meM zIta kI bhayAvahatA kA varNana hai| DAla-DAla para huA himapAta, pIlI par3atI latikAe~, ThaNDa se binA prazikSita parantu abhyAsI-se bajate dA~ta, dina kI sikur3ana tathA prabhAkara kI DarI bikharI prakharatA jahA~ dekho vahA~ hima kI mahimA mahaka rahI hai| anuprAsa se kavi ko atyanta moha hai| zItakAla kI bhaure-sI kAlI, zani kI khAna tathA bhaya, mada aura pApoM kI jananI rAta dugunI ho gaI hai : "mahi meM mahimA hima kI mahakI,/...ghanI aliguNa-hanI zani kI khanI sI."/bhaya-mada agha kI jnii|" (pR. 91)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 397 vasanta ke anta ke sAtha nidAgha kA Agamana bhI utanA hI pracaNDa hai / cilacilAtI dhUpa, dhaga-dhaga karatI lapaTeM,tapana kI barasAta, darAradAra dharatI kA ura, Aga ugalatI havA-aise grISma meM ananta salilA nadiyA~ anta:salilA hotI huI kramaza: antasalilA ho gaI haiN| grISma Rtu ke lambe dina Alasya bharate haiM tabhI to jaldI hI udayAcala para ArUr3ha hone vAlA sUrya bhI dera se astAcala ko pahu~ca pAtA hai, kyoMki unakI gati meM zaithilya A gayA hai : "avilamba udayAcala para car3ha kara bhI/vilamba se astAcala ko chU pAte dinakara ko/apanI yAtrA pUrNa karane meM/adhika samaya laga rahA hai| laga rahA hai,/ravi kI gati meM zaithilya AyA hai,/anyathA ina dinoM dina bar3e kyoM ?" (pR. 178) tIna badaliyA~ tIna kAminiyoM ke rUpa meM citrita huI haiM : "dadhi-dhavalA sAr3I pahane/pahalI vAlI badalI vaha/Upara se sAdhanArata sAdhvI-sI lagatI hai ||...isse pichalI badalI ne palAza kI ha~sI-/sI sAr3I pahanI/gulAba kI AbhA phIkI par3atI jisase lAla pagatalI vAlI lAlI-racI/padminI kI zobhA sakucAtI hai jisase, ...aura/nakalI nahIM, asalI/suvarNa varNa kI sAr3I pahana rakhI hai| sabase pichalI badalI ne|" (pR. 199-200) tIna bAdala, jo tIna lezyAoM (kRSNa, nIla aura kApota) ke pratIka haiM, kA citraNa bhI yathArtha huA hai : "sAgara meM se uThate-uThate/kSArapUrNa nIra-bhare/krama-krama se vAyuyAna-sama apane-apane daloM sahita/AkAza meM ur3ate haiN|" (pR. 227) pahalA bAdala itanA kAlA hai ki jise dekhakara bhramara dala kI AzaMkA hotI hai to dUsarA viSadhara-sama nIlavarNI "apane sahacara-sAthI se bichur3A/bhramita ho bhaTakA bhramara-dala, sahacara kI zaMkA se hI mAno/bAra-bAra isa se A milatA... dUsarA "dUra se hI/viSa ugalatA viSadhara-sama nIlA nIlakaNTha,lIlA vAlA-/jisa kI AbhA se/pakA pIlA dhAna kA kheta bhI haritAbhA se bhara jAtA hai|" (pR.227-228) sAgara ko sukhAne ke lie sUrya kA prayatna, dharatI ke pakSadhara sUrya ke prati sAgara aura sAgara ke pakSadhara bAdaloM kI garjanA-pratAr3anA do zatruoM kI paraspara raNa-garjanA ke rUpa meM prastuta huI hai| ____ yahA~ yaha vyaMjanA huI hai ki nyAya ke pakSadharoM se isa saMsAra meM bhraSTAcArI dhanasaMgrahiyoM ko kaSTa hotA hai / ata: ve bAra-bAra unheM apane pakSa meM milAnA cAhate haiN| ve nyAyapakSa ko nirbala aura anyAyapakSa ko sabala banAnA cAhate haiN| isake lie sAma-dAna-daNDa-bheda sabhI kA Azraya lete haiM : "sAgara kA pakSa grahaNa kara le,/kara le anugraha apane para,
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________________ 398 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA aura,/sukha-zAnti-yaza kA saMgraha kara!" (pR. 231) prabhAkara ko parAjita karane meM jaba bAdala asaphala ho gae to sAgara ne rAhu ko bhar3akAyA ki kyA mRgarAja ke sammukha mRga bhI manamAnI karatA hai / yA phira aisA hai ki dharatI kI sevA ke miSa sUrya ApakA upahAsa kara rahA hai| usake ahaMkAra ko puSTa karane ke sAtha dhana kA pralobhana bhI diyA hai : "yAna meM bhara-bhara/jhila-mila, jhila-mila/anagina nidhiyA~ aisI ha~satI dhavalima ha~siyA~ /manahara hIraka maulika-maNiyA~ muktA-mUMgA mANika-chaviyA~/pukharAjoM kI pIlima paTiyA~ rAjAoM meM rAga ubharatA/nIlama ke naga rajatima char3iyA~ / " (pR. 235-236) kAvya meM adhyAtma jitanA mukhara hai, samAja, jIvana aura samAjajIvana kI durbalatAe~ bhI utanI hI mukhara haiN| jaba samAja meM kucha logoM kA ghara binA parizrama ke prApta amApa dhana se bhara jAtA hai, taba unakA mastiSka to vikRta ho hI jAtA hai, samAja bhI vikRtiyoM se bhara jAtA hai| "rAhu kA ghara bhara gayA/anudyama-prApta amApa nidhi se| taba/rAhu kA sara bhara gayA/viSa-viSama pApa-nidhi se|" (pR. 236) basa phira kyA thA ? jaba vo kuTila zaktiyA~ milIM, taba : "sindhu meM bindu-sA/mA~ kI gahana-goda meM zizu-sA rAhu ke gAla meM samAhita huA bhaaskr|" (pR. 238) rAhu ke mukha meM bhAskara ko mA~ kI gahana goda meM zizu kI utprekSA kucha anucita jAna par3atI hai, kyoMki mA~ kI goda meM zizu surakSita rahatA hai jabaki rAhu ke mukha meM sUrya mRtyumukhI hai / anya upamAe~ sundara haiM : . "dikhane lagA dIna-hIna dina/durdina se ghirA daridra gRhI-sA / ...tilaka se virahita/lalanA-lalATa-tala-sama/gaganAMganA kA A~gana abhirAma kahA~ rahA vaha ?" (pR. 238) mitra ke saMkaTa ko dekha : "aruka, athaka pathika hokara bhI/pavana ke pada thame haiM Aja mitra kI AjIvikA luTatI dekha / " (pR. 239) dharatI para girane vAle jalakaNoM se Upara kI ora ur3ane vAle bhUkaNoM kA z2oradAra TakarAva ho rahA hai, jisake kAraNa jalakaNoM kA bikharAva ho rahA hai : "anagina kaNa ye ur3ate haiM/thAha-zUnya zUnya meM !/raNabherI sunakara raNAMgana meM kUdane vAle/svAbhimAnI svarAjya-premI / lohita-locana udbhaTa-sama/...kSaNa-kSaNa meM eka-eka hokara bhI kaI jalakaNoM ko, basa/sokhate jA rahe haiM " / " (pR. 243)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 399 zAnta pathikoM kA muskarAkara svAgata karate per3a tathA AmantraNa detI latikAoM kA sundara citraNa hai : "uttuMga-ta -tama gagana cUmate / taraha-taraha ke taruvara / chattA tAne khar3e haiM, zrama-hAriNI dharatI hai/ harI-bharI lasatI hai / dharatI para chAyA ne darI bichAI hai| phUloM-phaloM patroM se lade / laghu-guru gulma- guccha / zrAnta- zlatha pathikoM ko muskAna-dAna karate - se / ApAda - kaNTha pAdapoM se lipaTI / lalita latikAyeM vaha lagatI haiM AgatoM ko bulAtI - lubhAtI-sI / " (pR. 423) kumbhakara ke A~gana meM bikharI dhUpa mAno sUrya dvArA Azrama kI sevA ke lie bhejI gaI usakI strI hai : "dinakara ne apanI aMganA ko / dina-bhara ke lie bhejA hai upAzrama kI sevA meM / aura vaha / Azrama ke aMga-aMga ko A~gana ko cUmatI - sI / sevAnirata- dhUpa !" (pR. 79) kAvya meM prakRti citraNa pramukha rUpa se yA to Alambana yA pRSThabhUmi ke rUpa meM hotA hai yA uddIpana rUpa meM kintu isa kAvya meM prakRti citraNa eka nae rUpa meM huA hai| prakRti ke upAdAna kAvya ke pAtra banakara upasthita hue haiN| yahA~ prakRti citraNa kathA-pravAha ko Age nahIM bar3hAtA hai, apitu svayaM kathA kA aMza banakara AyA hai| prakRti ke ye sabhI upakaraNa mAnavI rUpa meM upasthita hue haiN| inheM sAkAra karane meM alaMkAroM ne apanA pUrA sahayoga diyA hai| zabdoM para asAdhAraNa adhikAra hai kavi kA / zabdAlaMkAra aura arthAlaMkAra donoM kAvya meM svAbhAvika rUpa se Ae haiN| zabdAlaMkAra meM anuprAsa, yamaka va zleSa ke prayoga meM kavi siddhahasta hai / vizeSata: yamaka kI chaTA saMskRta kAvya kA smaraNa karAtI hai| ina sabako uddhRta karanA sambhava nahIM / anuprAsa ke katipaya udAharaNa draSTavya haiM: : " jala meM janama lekara bhI / jalatI rahI yaha machalI jala se, jalacara jantuoM se / jar3a meM zItalatA kahA~...?" (pR. 85) Age Ane vAle udAharaNa meM 'sa' aura 'ra' varNoM kI karNapriya AvRtti hai : "saritA sarakatI sAgara kI ora hI nA ! / anyathA, na saritA rahe, na sAgara ! / yaha sarakana hI saritA kI samiti hai / " (pR. 119) 'sa' aura 'ta' varNoM kI sundara AvRtti kA eka aura udAharaNa : "suta - santAna kI 'susupta zakti ko / saceta aura zata-pratizata sazakta - / sAkAra karanA hotA hai, sat-saMskAroM se / santoM se yahI zruti sunI hai / " (pR. 148 ) anuprAsa kA hI eka udAharaNa aura draSTavya hai : "kalikAla kI vaiSayika chA~va meM / prAyaH yahI sIkhA hai isa vizva ne vaizyavRtti ke pariveza meM - / vezyAvRtti kI vaiyAvRtya N!" (pR. 217)
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________________ 400 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sabhaMga yamaka ke udAharaNa svarUpa 'kisalaya' kA bhinna artha meM prayoga huA hai : "kisalaya ye kisalie/kisa laya meM gIta gAte haiM ? ...anta-anta meM zvAsa inake/kisa laya meM rIta jAte haiM ?" (pR. 141-142) eka aura udAharaNa jahA~ badalI' zabda meM yamaka hai : "tInoM badalI ye bdlii|" (pR. 207) arthAt tInoM badaliyA~ badala gii| sAtha hI, strI ko dehamAtra samajhate haiM jo, unake prati kathana hai ki strI mAtra deha nahIM hai vaha kucha aura bhI hai| usakI tarapha dRSTi DAleM: "maiM aMganA hU~/parantu,/mAtra aMga nA hU~...!" (pR. 207) yamaka kA eka udAharaNa aura : "avasara se kAma le/aba, sara se kAma le !" (pR. 231) dhI-ratA aura dhIratA, sAtha hI kAya-ratA va kAyaratA meM artha vaibhinna draSTavya hai : "dhI-ratA hI vRtti vaha/dharatI kI dhIratA hai/aura kArya-ratA kI vRtti vaha/jaladhi kI kAyaratA hai|" (pR. 233) parakho kA tIna bAra alaga-alaga arthoM meM prayoga hai : "kisI vidha mana meM/mata pApa rakho, para, kho use pala-bhara/parakho pApa ko bhii|" (pR. 124) mitroM se milI madada vastuta: ahaMkAra dene vAlI hotI hai : "mitroM se milI madada/yathArtha meM mada-da hotI hai|" (pR. 459) aise yamakoM se sampUrNa kAvya bharA par3A hai| zleSAnuprANita virodhAbhAsa kA udAharaNa-dUraja aura sUraja meM ApAtataH virodha pratIta hotA hai / dUraja meM zleSa hai- duH+raja va dUra+ja / "dUraja hokara bhI/svayaM rajavihIna sUraja hI sahasroM karoM ko phailAkara/sukomala kiraNAMguliyoM se nIraja kI banda pA~khuriyoM-sI/zilpI kI palakoM ko sahalAtA hai|" (pR. 265) jo Adarza jIvana se vimukha ho gayA hai, use apanA mukha Adarza meM dikhA / yahA~ bhI zleSAnuprANita virodhAbhAsa hai| jo vimukha hai, use mukha kaise dikha sakatA hai / vaha bhI Adarza se vimukha hone para Adarza meM hii| Adarza ke zleSa para yaha AdhArita hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 401 "Adarza meM apanA mukha dikhA/vimukha huA jo Adarza jIvana se|" (pR. 321) virAga kA bhAva jAgRta hone para udAsIna seTha khAlI mana se ghara lauTa rahA hai| aneka upamAoM dvArA usakA citra khIMcA hai: 0 "jala ke abhAva meM lAghava/garjana-gaurava-zUnya/varSA ke bAda mauna kAntihIna-bAdaloM kI bhA~ti/choTA-sA udAsIna mukha le ghara kI ora jA rahA setth"|" (pR. 349) "mUla-dhana se hAtha dho kara/khAlI hAtha ghara lauTate bhaviSya ke viSaya meM cintita/kiMkartavyavimUr3ha vaNika-sama ghara kI ora jA rahA seTha / " (pR. 350) "mA~ ke viraha se pIr3ita/raha-raha kara/sisakate zizu kI taraha dIrgha-zvAsa letA huA/ghara kI ora jA rahA setth"|" (pR. 350-351) "prAcI kI goda se uchalA/phira/astAcala kI ora DhalA prakAza-puMja prabhAkara-sama/ AgAmI andhakAra se bhayabhIta ghara kI ora jA rahA setth"|" (pR. 351) __ "zAnta-rasa se virahita kavitA-sama/paMchI kI cahaka se vaMcita prabhAta-sama zItala candrikA se rahita rAta-sama/aura/bindI se vikala abalA ke bhAla sama/...ghara A pahu~catA hai seTha'!" (pR. 351-352) dhIra gambhIra nadI ko ciradIkSitA AryikA se upamita kiyA hai : "tarala-taraMgoM se rahita/dhIra gambhIra ho bahane lagI, hAva-bhAvoM-vibhAvoM se mukta/gata-vayanA nata-nayanA cira-dIkSitA AryA-sI!" (pR. 455) kumbha nadI ko pArakara prathama zreNI meM uttIrNa vidyArthI ke samAna prasanna hai : "kumbha ke mukha para prasannatA hai/prathama zreNI meM uttIrNa parizramI vinayazIla/vilakSaNa vidyArthI-sama / " (pR. 455) atukAnta hone para bhI samagra kavitA meM eka layAtmakatA hai aura nAda saundarya bhI : 0 "mRdu mATI se/laghu jAti se/merA yaha zilpa/nikharatA hai aura/khara-kAThI se/guru jAti se/vaha avilamba/bikharatA hai|" (pR. 45) . "vetana vAle vatana kI ora/kama dhyAna de pAte haiM aura ___cetana vAle tana kI ora/kaba dhyAna de pAte haiM ?" (pR. 123) zabdoM ke nae prayoga kie haiN| palaka saMjJA kA kriyA rUpa meM prayoga hai : "zilpI kI A~kheM palakatI nahIM haiM" (pR. 165) /
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________________ 402 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA suSupta, USA, aihika jaise vyAkaraNa bAhya prayoga bhI milate haiN| zabdoM ke viloma ke prati kavi kA AkarSaNa itanA adhika hai ki avasara milate hI zabdoM kI vyAkhyA viloma se karane lagate haiM- rAhI-hIrA, nadI-dIna, nAlI-lInA, kharA-rAkha, tAmasa-samatA, dharaNI-NIradha aadi| aneka sthaloM para kavi zabdoM ke artha batAne lagate haiM, udAharaNArtha : 0 "A~khoM se azru nahIM, asu/yAnI prANa nikalane ko haiN|" (pR. 279) 0 "gada kA artha hai roga/hA kA artha hai hAraka maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA bnuuN|" (pR. 40) isa prakAra kavitA ke mUla meM zabdoM kA spaSTIkaraNa kavitA meM zaithilya utpanna karatA hai / yaha asAdhAraNa mahAkAvya vyutpannoM ke lie hai| yadi kliSTa zabda kI vyAkhyA apekSita ho, to kavitA se bAhara pAdaTippaNI meM usakA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi yaha mahAkAvya mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana ke lie tathA vItarAga zramaNa saMskRti ke saMrakSaNa ke lie racita hai / ye siddhAnta kAvya meM itane mukhara haiM ki unheM doharAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| hara sattA (AtmA) meM vikAsa kI ananta sambhAvanAe~ haiM / parantu muktipatha kI yAtrA tabhI Arambha hotI hai jaba apanI asatya sthiti kA bodha hotA hai / aura taba yadi samucita paristhiti tathA mAtA ke samAna guru mila jAe to sAdhanA ke kSetra meM caraNa cala par3ate haiN| yaha saca hai ki sAdhanA ke kSetra meM skhalana kI asIma sambhAvanAe~ haiN| yaha bhI saca hai ki skhalanAe~ jIvana meM anartha utpanna karatI haiN| kabhI-kabhI sAdhaka kI AzA aura utsAha, sAhasa aura dhairya bhI jabAva de jAtA hai, parantu jaise laukika jIvana bAhya saMgharSoM se ghirA hai vaise hI AdhyAtmika jIvana meM bhI antaraMga zatruoM se saMgharSa karate hue hI Age bar3hanA hotA hai / nirgrantha muni nadI ke pravAha ke samAna aruka, athaka, gati se lakSya kI ora gatimAna hotA hai| isa kAvya meM jo tathya AdyopAnta vyakta huA hai vaha yaha ki prativastu kA jIvana trikAla-jIvana hai, kyoMki prativastu svabhAvataH sRjanazIla va pariNamanazIla hai aura isIlie kisI sRSTikartA Izvara kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| yathArtha meM pratipadArtha vaha svayaMkAra hokara bhI yaha upacAra huA hai / zilpI kA nAma kumbhakAra huA hai / isIlie kavi ne yaha prazna kiyA hai ki kyA eka bAra dUdha meM se ghI bAhara nikalane para phira vahI dUdha banatA hai ? isI prakAra mukta paramAtmA bhI kabhI zarIrI nahIM ho sakatA / aura azarIrI isa asIma sRSTi kI racanA nahIM kara sktaa| . yaha mahAkAvya sAhitya ke mAdhyama se darzana ko prastuta karane kI jainAcAryoM kI prAcIna paramparA kA akSuNNa nirvAha karatA hai| parantu yaha paramparA isa mahAkAvya meM Akara maulika ho gaI hai, kyoMki isake lie kavi ne kisI prasiddha kathA yA kathAnAyaka kA Azraya nahIM liyA hai| eka abhinava maulika kathA kA sRjana kiyA hai| sabhI sAhityika guNoM se maNDita yaha mahAkAvya, isalie mahAkAvya hai ki yaha mahAkAvya ke lie Avazyaka udAttatA se maNDita hai| manuSya kA carama lakSya isakA prayojana hai / yaha yugIna cetanA se saMvalita hai tathA udAtta zailI meM racita hai / vastuta: yaha aisA sAhitya hai jisakA sraSTA zAnti kI sA~sa letA sArthaka jIvana hI ho sakatA hai| pRSTha 370. dIpaka le cala sakatA hai..... .A~kheM bhI banda ho jAtI haiN|
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________________ 'mUkamATI': Adhunika pariveza kI jIvanta abhivyakti DaoN. ke. Ara. magarade samakAlIna kavitA meM kavitA kA prabandhAtmaka svarUpa durlabhatA se dikhAI detA hai, kyoMki prabandhAtmakatA ke apane khatare haiN| Aja kA yuga vizeSajJatA kA yuga hai-cintana ke kSetra meM bhI aura kavitA ke kSetra meM bhI, yadyapi kisI bindu vizeSa ko lekara cintana ke kSetra meM carama stara taka pahu~canA samakAlIna kaviyoM kI vizeSatA rahI hai / isI kAraNa ve apane pUrvavartI kaviyoM se Age bhI pahuMce haiM, kintu vicAroM kI ekAMgitA ke kAraNa ve prabandha kAvya likhane kA sAhasa nahIM kara ske| vicAroM kI vyApakatA, gahanatA aura utkRSTatA ke kAraNa 'mUkamATI' ne samakAlIna kavitA meM mahAkAvyAtmaka svarUpa ko pratiSThita kiyaa| ___ 'mUkamATI' eka pratIkAtmaka mahAkAvya hai para isameM na to pAramparika dhIrodAtta pAtroM kI sRSTi kI hai, na aitihAsika ghaTanAoM kA sRjana balki nUtana pAtra sRSTi aura nUtana ghaTanAkrama kA ullekha karate hue darzana kI gUDhatA ko sAdagIpUrNa DhaMga se abhivyakta kiyA hai| sAtha hI pratIkoM aura saMketoM ke mAdhyama se samakAlIna pariveza ko bhI udghATita kiyA hai| isake pAtra mAnava bhale hI na hoM lekina ve gahana mAnavIya saMvedanA se paripUrNa haiN| yuga kA itihAsa Aja jisa mor3a para khar3A hai vahA~ manuSya apanI mATI se dUra hotA jA rahA hai / aise samaya meM duHkhI, daridra aura asahAya logoM kA pratIka banAkara 'mUkamATI' kA racA jAnA atyanta prAsaMgika hai / jo vastu hamAre jIvana aura saMskRti ke sUkSma spandanoM se sampRkta hai, usake lie mATI se bar3hakara dUsarA koI pratIka sambhava bhI nahIM hai| yahA~ mATI mUka hote hue bhI bahuta kucha bola rahI hai| laghutva ke prati AsthA 'mUkamATI' kA lakSita vyakti laghu mAnava hai| isa laghu mAnava ko sadiyoM se pada dalita kiyA gayA tathA upekSA aura bhedabhAva kI dRSTi se dekhA gayA, ThIka mATI kI taraha / vaha santrasta paristhitiyoM ko bhoga rahA hai| usake mana meM darda hai, saMzaya hai, kuNThA hai kintu vizvAsa hai ki vaha paristhitiyoM para vijaya avazya prApta kara legaa| samAja ke tathAkathita amIra aura bar3e kahalAne vAle vyaktiyoM ke prati kavi meM tIvra roSa hai aura garIba tathA laghu mAnava ke prati AtmIyatA ke bhAva pUre mahAkAvya meM vidyamAna haiN| prArambha meM hI ve ghoSaNA karate hue kahate haiM : "amIroM kI nahIM/garIboM kI bAta hai; koThI kI nahIM/kuTiyA kI bAta hai|" (pR. 32) jaba kabhI choTI jAti, choTe manuSya kI bAta kahane kA avasara milA hai, kavi vahA~ rama gae haiM / laghutva kI bAta karate hue unakI zailI meM nikhAra utpanna hotA hai / 'mUkamATI' kA zilpI kahatA hai : "mRdu mATI se/laghu jAti se/merA yaha zilpa/nikharatA hai aura/sara-kAThI se/guru jAti se/vaha avilamba/bikharatA hai|" (pR. 45) miTTI aura kaMkar3a dharatI ke do tattva haiN| mATI meM mRdutA hai, namI hai, jala dhAraNa karane kI kSamatA hai, zAlInatA hai aura urvarApana hai jabaki kaMkar3a meM kaThoratA hai| vaha mATI meM mila nahIM sakatA, pIsane para bhI apane guNa dharma ko chor3a nahIM sakatA apitu retIlA bana jAtA hai lekina mATI nahIM bntaa| yugoM-yugoM taka jalAzaya meM rahakara bhI jala ko dhAraNa
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________________ 404 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA nahIM karatA, itanA niSThura hai / ye donoM tattva samAja ke do vargoM ke pratIka haiN| jinake hRdaya meM laghu mAnava ke prati sahAnubhUti nahIM hai, dUsaroM ke duHkha-darda dekhakara jinheM dayA nahIM AtI aise niSThura logoM ko kavi ne phaTakArA hai : "dUsaroM kA duHkha-darda/dekhakara bhI/nahIM A sakatA kabhI jise pasInA/hai aisA tumhArA/ "siinaa|" (pR. 50) mahAkAvyoM kI yaha paramparA rahI hai ki usake pAtra jaga prasiddha, dhIrodAtta aura aitihAsika rahe haiN| isI prakAra pazu-pakSiyoM kA bhI kahIM varNana huA hai to vaha sundara,zaktizAlI aura lokapriya pazu rahA hai / cAhe vaha hiraNa ho yA zera, mayUra ho yA koyala kaviyoM ke priya rahe haiN| isake viparIta vidyAsAgarajI una pazuoM kA varNana karate haiM jo sadiyoM se mAnava kI sevA karate rahe haiM, unakA bojha Dhote rahe haiM aura badale meM mUrkhatA kI upAdhi hI pAte rahe haiM / sAmAjika zabdAvalI meM 'gadahA' eka gAlI bana cukA hai, usI pada dalita aura upekSita pazu ke prati kavi ke bhAva haiM : "merA nAma sArthaka ho prabho !/yAnI/'gada' kA artha hai roga 'hA' kA artha hai hAraka/maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA bana/"basa, aura kucha vAMchA nahIM/gadahA"gada-hA"!" (pR. 40) ___mAtra zAbdika camatkAra utpanna karanA kavi kA pratipAdya nahIM hai / vastuoM ko dekhane kI yaha dRSTi unake sAmAjika soca ko darzAtI hai| rAjanaitika paridRzya ___jaba deza AjAda huA to hameM prajAtantra se kAphI ummIdeM thiiN| yaha svAbhAvika bhI hai ki jinakI taqadIra zatAbdiyoM taka dUsare ke AdezoM se saMcAlita hotI rahI unheM prajAtantra meM apanI kismata kA phaisalA karane kA adhikAra milA, yaha unake lie saubhAgya kI bAta hai lekina unase bhI zIghra hI mohabhaMga ho gayA / kalAkAroM aura buddhijIviyoM ne mahasUsa kiyA ki satya kA phaisalA kabhI bhI bhIr3a dvArA nahIM ho sakatA / 'mUkamATI' kA racanAkAra bhI apanI isa anubhUti ko nadI ke mAdhyama se vyakta karatA hai : "bhIr3a kI pITha para baiThakara/kyA satya kI yAtrA hogI aba ! nahIM"nahIM, kabhI nhiiN|" (pR. 470) bahudala praNAlI prajAtAntrika vyavasthA ko svastha rUpa pradAna karane ke uddezya se lAgU kI gaI lekina usane vicAroM kI vividhatA ke kAraNa aneka samasyAoM ko utpanna kiyA / isa dizA meM kavi kA saMketa draSTavya hai: "dala-bahulatA zAnti kI hananI hai nA !/jitane vicAra, utane pracAra utanI cAla-DhAla/hAlA ghulI jala-tA/klAnti kI jananI hai nA!" (pR. 197) _____ rAjanItika dala deza ke vikAsa ko bhUlakara svArthasiddhi meM saMlagna ho ge| unake vicAra aura vAde saiddhAntika hI rahe, vyavahAra meM unakA pAlana durlabhatA se dikhAI dene lgaa| loga yA to paisA kamAne ke uddezya se yA khyAti prApta karane ke lie kisI kArya ko karate haiN| ni:svArtha sevA samApta ho gaI, jisase deza ko bar3I-bar3I hAniyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3a rahA hai:
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 405 "tuccha svArthasiddhi ke lie/kucha vyartha kI prasiddhi ke lie saba kucha anartha ghaTa sakatA hai|" (pR. 197) vyavasthA itanI sar3a-gala cukI hai ki koI sabhya vyakti isa dizA meM kadama bar3hAne kA sAhasa nahIM krtaa| aura jo vyakti satya aura ImAnadArI kA pakSa lekara calatA hai use asaphalatA kA mu~ha dekhanA par3atA hai| saphalatA usI ke pakSa meM jAtI hai jisake pAsa bahumata hotA hai / kavi ne isa pIr3A ko mATI ke mAdhyama se vyakta kiyA hai / mahAkAvya ke adhikAMza pAtra milakara bahumUlya dhAtuoM ko ugalane vAlI, anna ko utpanna karane vAlI UrjAvAn mATI ko mithyA sAbita karane kI koziza karate haiM : "prAya: bahumata kA pariNAma/yahI to hotA hai, pAtra bhI apAtra kI koTi meM AtA hai|" (pR. 382) jo dharma sadA hI manuSya ko saMskArita aura udAtta jIvana jIne kI preraNA detA rahA, rAjanIti ke hAthoM meM par3akara vaha bhI svArthasiddhi kA eka sAdhana bana gyaa| loga dharma kI vyAkhyAe~ apane-apane hita kI dRSTi se karane lge| phalasvarUpa pUjA-arcanA ke sAdhana rAjanItika hathiyAra bana gae : 0 "aba to""/astroM, zastroM, vastroM/aura kRpANoM para bhI 'dayA-dharma kA mUla hai'/likhA milatA hai|/kintu,/ kRpANa kRpAlu nahIM haiM ve svayaM kahate haiM/hama haiM kRpANa/hama meM kRpA na !" (pR. 73) 0 "prabhu-stuti meM tatpara/surIlI bA~surI bhI/bA~sa bana pITa sakatI hai prabhu-patha para calanevAloM ko|/smy kI balihArI hai !" (pR. 73) dharmasthAnoM aura zAstroM kA upayoga mAnavatA ke vikAsa ke lie hai| jIvana ke hara mor3a para sukha aura duHkha kA sahacara banakara zAstra hamAre samakSa upasthita hotA hai / saMsAra meM jaba hameM kahIM sukha-caina nahIM milatA, hara kSetra meM nirAzA hamAre hAthoM lagatI hai, aisI sthiti meM dharmasthala hameM zAnti pradAna karate haiN| hamAre ina sthaloM ko bhI canda svArthI logoM ne apane ahaMkAra aura pratizodha ke aDDe banA rakhe haiN| kavi kA isa dizA meM cintA karanA nyAyocita hai| machalI kI sakhI machalI se kahatI hai : "...dharma kA jhaNDA bhI/DaNDA bana jAtA hai zAstra zastra bana jAtA hai/avasara paakr|" (pR.73) - kisI vyavasthA ko yadi bhalA-burA kahA jAe to usake vikalpa ko prastuta karanA acche cintaka kA dAyitva bhI banatA hai / yadi hamArI vartamAna vyavasthA rugNa ho gaI hai to usakA upacAra kyA ho ? aisI kauna sI vyavasthA hogI jisameM mAnava mUlya surakSita raha sake / isa sambandha meM racanAkAra kI TippaNI hai ki jaba taka pratyeka vyakti apane-apane kSetra meM apane dAyitva kA nirvAha nahIM karegA, parizrama pUrvaka kArya nahIM karegA taba taka kalayugI yAtanAoM kA anta nahIM hogA : "zrama-zIloM kA hAtha uThAnA hI/kaliyuga meM sat-yuga lA sakatA hai, dharatI para "yahIM para/svarga ko utAra sakatA hai / " (pR. 362) / bAtoM meM doharApana, AcAra aura vicAra meM antara, jhUThe AzvAsana, samAjavAda ke jhUThe sapane vartamAna rAjanItijJoM
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________________ 406 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kI pramukha zailI bana gaI hai| samAjavAda mahaja eka nArA nahIM hai, vaha eka jIvana zailI hai / kavizrI kahate haiM : "pracAra-prasAra se dUra/prazasta AcAra-vicAra vAloM kA jIvana hI samAjavAda hai|/smaajvaad samAjavAda cillAne mAtra se samAjavAdI nahIM bnoge|" (pR. 461) Aja dhana kA saMgraha sImita vyaktiyoM ke hAthoM meM ho rahA hai aura rAjanaitika netA unase lAbha prApta karate haiM / pariNAmasvarUpa ve unake hAthoM kI kaThaputaliyA~ banate jA rahe haiN| netAoM ko vaisI hI nItiyA~ lAgU karanI par3atI haiM jo dhanika varga ke hitoM ke anukUla hoN| ata: aba AvazyakatA hai janatA meM cetanA jAgRta karane kI, aura mehanatakazoM dvArA arjita dhana ko samAna rUpa se vitarita karane kI : "aba dhana-saMgraha nahIM,/jana-saMgraha karo !/aura/lobha ke vazIbhUta ho aMdhAdhundha saMkalita kA/samucita vitaraNa kro|" (pR. 467) rAjanItijJoM dvArA anucita vyaktiyoM ko sahayoga dene ke kAraNa bhraSTAcAra panapane lagA hai| jo vyakti mehanatI hai, ImAnadAra hai use jaba samucita lAbha nahIM mila pAtA hai balki usake adhikRta lAbha kA apavyaya hotA hai aura vaha isa prakriyA ko roka pAne meM apane Apako asamartha pAtA hai, taba vaha bhI usI mArga para agrasara ho jAtA hai aura bhraSTAcAra meM saMlagna ho jAtA hai, jabaki mUlata: vaha bhraSTAcArI nahIM hai / use cora banAyA gayA hai : "cora itane pApI nahIM hote/jitane ki/coroM ko paidA karane vAle / tuma svayaM cora ho/coroM ko pAlate ho/aura/coroM ke janaka bhii|" (pR. 468) sat aura asat kI pravRttiyA~ samAja meM sadaiva vidyamAna rahatI haiN| avasara pAkara ugravAdI zaktiyA~ ubharane lagatI haiN| yadi sAvadhAnI pUrvaka unakA sAmanA nahIM kiyA jAe to vaha apanI anucita mA~goM ko manavAne ke lie kucha bhI kara sakatI haiN| 'mUkamATI' meM AtaMkavAda mArga virodhI banakara parivAra ke samakSa khar3A ho jAtA hai, andhAdhundha pattharoM kI varSA karatA hai aura kahatA hai ki hameM manamohaka vilAsitA kI vastue~ pradAna kro| pariNAmasvarUpa parivAra kA dila dahala uThatA hai kintu nadI dhairyapUrvaka unheM samajhAtI hai : "satya kA Atma-samarpaNa/aura vaha bhI/asatya ke sAmane ? he bhagavana !/yaha kaisA kAla A gayA,/kyA asatya zAsaka banegA aba ? kyA satya zAsita hogA ?" (pR. 469) AtaMkavAdI zaktiyoM ke samakSa Atma-samarpaNa karanA kavi ko svIkAra nahIM hai| AtaMkavAdiyoM kI zartoM ko svIkAra karanA samasyA kA samAdhAna nahIM hai / AtaMkavAda ko naSTa kie bagaira zAnti sambhava nahIM hai : "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda/zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI dharatI yaha,/ye A~kheM aba/AtaMkavAda ko dekha nahIM sktiiN|" (pR. 441) isa prakAra vistRta rAjanItika paridRzya para kavi kI dRSTi hai / ve eka anta:kathA ke mAdhyama se aneka anubhUtiyoM ko eka sAtha abhivyakta karate haiN|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA : : 407 pU~jIvAda kA virodha veM dazaka ke sAhitya meM dhana ke vinAzakArI prabhAva kI ora prAya: sabhI sAhityakAroM ne saMketa kiyA hai| dhana lAlasA ne sabhI prakAra ke siddhAntoM ko lIla liyA hai| peTa kI sAmAnya bhUkha ko to miTAyA jA sakatA hai lekina lobha kI isa tRSA ko kaise miTAe~ ? dhana kI lAlasA meM loga nirlajja ho gae haiM : "yaha kaTu satya hai ki / artha kI A~kheM / paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatIM artha kI lipsA ne bar3oM-bar3oM ko / nirlajja banAyA hai / " (pR. 192) pU~jIvAdI arthavyavasthA meM utpAdaka aura upabhoktA varga gauNa ho gayA hai aura madhyastha varga pramukha ho gayA hai| jIvana mUlyoM kA eka mAtra AdhAra Arthika lAbha ho gayA hai| eka manuSya kA dUsare manuSya ke sAtha agara koI riztA hai to vaha vyavasAya kA riztA hai| yadi kisI vyakti se kisI lAbha kI sambhAvanA na ho to vaha vyakti cAhe hamArA kitanA hI nikaTa sambandhI kyoM na ho, hamAre lie anupayogI ho gayA hai| "adhika artha kI cAha - dAha meM / jo dagdha ho gayA hai artha hI prANa, artha hI trANa / yU~ - jAna - mAna kara, / artha meM hI mugdha ho gayA hai, artha-nIti meM vaha / vidagdha nahIM hai|" (pR. 217) pU~jIvAda ne amIra aura garIba varga ke madhya aisI vizAla dIvAra khar3I kara dI hai ki usase tamAma mAnavIya sambandha naSTa ho gae haiN| dhanavAnoM kI dRSTi meM garIba pazu se bhI badatara haiN| unake prati sahAnubhUti aura sahayoga to dUra, ve jisa sthiti meM haiM, unheM ve usa sthiti meM bhI nahIM rahane dete haiM apitu unakA nirantara zoSaNa karate rahate haiM / isa vibheda ko dekhakara mATI kA kumbha prabhu se prArthanA karatA hai : " eka kA utthAna / eka kA patana / eka dhanI, eka nirdhana eka guNI, eka nirguNa / eka sundara, eka bandara / yaha saba kyoM ?" (pR. 372) utpAdana kI naI-naI praNAliyA~ AviSkRta kara utpAdana bar3hAnA burI bAta nahIM hai| adhika utpAdana se sabhI kA hita hotA hai, sukha-suvidhAe~ aura samRddhiyA~ bar3hatI haiN| lekina yadi naI praNAliyoM ko lAgU karane kA uddezya zoSaNa dvArA dhana arjita karanA hai to aisI yojanAoM kA naSTa honA hI zreyaskara hai / 'mUkamATI' meM sAgara rAhu ko yAda karake kahatA hai : "ziSToM kA utpAdana-pAlana ho / duSToM kA utpAtana - gAlana ho, sampadA kI saphalatA vaha / sadupayogitA meM hai nA !" (pR. 235 ) yaha vahI bhArata hai jisakA darzana 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' thaa| lekina dhana kI lAlasA ne hamAre isa darzana para pAnI phera diyaa| mAnavatA samApta hotI jA rahI hai aura dAnavatA utpanna hotI jA rahI hai| isa parivartana kI ora saMketa karate hue kavi kahate haiM : 66 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' / isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai 'vasu' yAnI dhana- dravya / 'dhA' yAnI dhAraNa karanA / Aja dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai / dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kA / " (pR. 82)
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________________ 408 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA Aja dhana ko sukha-suvidhA aura zAnti prApta karane kA eka sAdhana mAnA jAtA hai lekina dhana kI andhI daur3a ne kisI ko bhI zAnti nahIM dI balki azAnti hI dI hai| dhana kI saMgati karane vAlA prAya: durgati kA patha pakar3atA hai| bihArI bhI kahate haiM ki svarNa meM dhatUre se adhika mAdakatA hai : "yA khAye baurAya nara, vA pAye bauraay|" dhana kI lAlasA manuSya ko parAdhInatA kI ora le jAtI hai, kyoMki isameM svArthaparatA hai| svarNa kalaza ko sambodhita karate hue kavi kahate haiM : "paratantra jIvana kI AdhAra-zilA ho tuma,/pU~jIvAda ke abhedya durgama kilA ho tuma/aura/azAnti ke antahIna silasilA!" (pR. 366) daulata kabhI sthAI nahIM hotii| yadi kSaNa bhara meM daulata kA nazA vyakti kI mahattvAkAMkSAoM ko zikhara para pahu~cA sakatA hai to agale hI kSaNa use rasAtala meM bhI pahu~cA sakatA hai / mATI kA kalaza garIba varga kA pratinidhitva karatA huA amIra varga ke pratIka svarNa kalaza se saMvAda karatA hai, ThIka nirAlA ke 'kukuramuttA' kI taraha : "tuma svarNa ho/ubalate ho jhaTa se,/mATI svarNa nahIM hai para/svarNa ko ugalatI avazya,/tuma mATI ke ugAla ho|" (pR. 364-365) dhanavAn logoM kA jIvana, unakI zAno-zaukata Ama vyakti ke lie bar3A AkarSaka aura lubhAvanA hotA hai| eka garIba vyakti kisI amIra kA sAnnidhya pAkara gauravAnvita mahasUsa karatA hai| kintu amIra vyakti kisI garIba ke samparka meM AtA to usake pIche usakA koI svArtha hotA hai / anyathA garIba ke prati usake mana meM koI sahAnubhUti nahIM hotI hai| nitya rakta cUsane vAlA macchara eka seTha ke sambandha meM apane udgAra vyakta karatA hai : "are, dhanikoM kA dharma damadAra hotA hai,/unakI kRpA kRpaNatA para hotI hai, unake milana se kucha milatA nahIM,/kAkatAlIya-nyAya se/kucha mila bhI jAya vaha milana lavaNa-mizrita hotA hai/pala meM pyAsa dugunI ho uThatI hai|" (pR. 385) prakRti aura paryAvaraNa mUlata: 'mUkamATI' prakRti citraNa kA mahAkAvya hai| sampUrNa kathAnaka ko prakRti ke mAnavIkaraNa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| miTTI, kaMkar3a, nadI, kuA~, lakar3I, Aga, pAnI, sAgara, bAdala, sUrya, candra, macchara, gadahA, machalI Adi prAkRtika upAdAna isake pAtra haiN| prakRti ke prati isase adhika saMlagnatA aura kyA ho sakatI hai ? mAtra phUla-pattiyoM, parvatoM-nirjharoM ke saundarya kA varNana karanA hI prakRti citraNa nahIM hai apitu prakRti ke eka-eka tattva ko jIvana-sattva ke sAtha sampRkta kara denA prakRti citraNa kI mahAn parikalpanA hai| ___ eka ora kavi prakRti kI anupama chaTA para mugdha hai to dUsarI ora mAnava dvArA prakRti para kie jA rahe atyAcAroM se duHkhI bhI hai| yugoM-yugoM se prakRti kA zAzvata saundarya manuSya ko AkarSita karatA rahA hai| uSA aura sandhyA para na jAne kitanI kavitAe~ likhI gaIM lekina vaha saundarya akhaNDa hai, aparimeya hai| prAta:kAla kA eka dRzya dekhie : "bAla-bhAnu kI bhAsvara AbhA/nirantara uThatI caMcala laharoM meM ulajhatI huI-sI lagatI hai/ki/gulAbI sAr3I pahane/madavatI abalA-sI snAna karatI-karatI/lajjAvaza sakucA rahI hai|" (pR. 479) prakRti kI hariyAlI dekha kavi Atma-vibhora ho jAte haiN| prakRti kA yaha dRzya sveda ko harane vAlA hai,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 409 sAMsArika ulajhanoM ko yati (virAma) dene vAlA hai tathA cintAgrasta mastiSka ko zAnti pradAna karane vAlA hai| "uttuMga-tama gagana cUmate/taraha-taraha ke taruvara chattA tAne khar3e haiM,/zrama-hAriNI dharatI hai/harI-bharI lasatI hai dharatI para chAyA ne darI bichAI hai|" (pR. 423) jo prakRti hameM sukha-zAnti detI hai, parizrama ko haratI hai, usI ke vinAza ke lie hama sarvadA taiyAra rahate haiN| hama apane choTe-choTe svArthoM ke lie prakRti mA~ para atyAcAra karate haiN| kavi cintA vyakta karate hue kahate haiM : "jIvana ko mata raNa banAo/prakRti mA~ kA vraNa sukhAo ! ...jIvana ko mata raNa banAo/prakRti mA~ kA RNa cukAo! ...jIvana ko mata raNa banAo/prakRti mA~ kA na mana dukhaao|" (pR. 149) yaha pRthvI bahumUlya khanijoM se paripUrNa hai| vaha kaI prakAra kI vanaspatiyA~ hameM pradAna karatI hai| lekina prakRti aura manuSya ke bIca lena-dena kA eka santulana honA caahie| 'kumArI' kA artha vyakta karate hue AcAryajI paryAvaraNa kI cintA bhI karate haiM : " 'ku' yAnI pRthivI/'mA' yAnI lakSmI/aura/'rI' yAnI denevAlI... isase yaha bhAva nikalatA hai ki/yaha dharA sampadA-sampannA taba taka rahegI/jaba taka yahA~ 'kumArI' rhegii|" (pR. 204) __ bhAratavarSa saMsAra kA aisA saubhAgyazAlI deza hai jahA~ RtuoM kI vividhatA dikhAI detI hai| lekina yadi hama prakRti kA zoSaNa isI anupAta meM karate raheMge to prakRti kI ve Rtue~ mAtra itihAsa ke pannoM meM dikhAI deNgii| "vaha rAga kahA~, parAga kahA~/cetanA kI vaha jAga kahA~ ? / vaha mahaka nahIM, vaha cahaka nahIM,/vaha grAhya nahIM, vaha gahaka nhiiN|" (pR. 179) dArzanika svara _ 'mUkamATI' eka sAhityika kRti hI nahIM apitu dharma, darzana evaM adhyAtma kA vivecana prastuta karane vAlA grantha bhI hai| kavitA meM darzana jaise jaTila viSaya ko prastuta karane ke bAvajUda kavitA ko dharma evaM darzana ke bhAra se bojhila nahIM hone diyA balki dharma kI bar3I sahajatA evaM sugamatApUrvaka prastuti kI hai| AcAryajI dhArmika kaTTaratA ke virodhI haiN| ve dharma ke usa mArga ko sarvottama mAnate haiM jo ADambara rahita ho aura sarvagrAhya ho / satya kA anveSaNa dharma kI pramukha pravRtti hai / satya kisI yuga kI pravRtti nahIM hai / vaha pratyeka yuga meM vidyamAna rahatA hai / yaha kahakara ki aba to jamAnA badala gayA hai, kaliyuga A gayA hai, jIvanayApana karane ke lie paristhitiyoM ke anurUpa asatya kA bhI Azraya lenA par3atA hai-Adi kahakara satya ko nakAra nahIM skte| sat-yuga aura kaliyuga ye do jIvana dRSTiyA~ haiM, yuga vizeSa nahIM / mATI machalI se kahatI hai : "sat-yuga ho yA kaliyuga/bAharI nahIM/bhItarI ghaTanA hai vaha sat kI khoja meM lagI dRSTi hI/sat-yuga hai, beTA !/aura
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________________ 410 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA asat-viSayoM meM DUbI/A-pAda-kaNTha/sat ko asat mAnanevAlI dRSTi svayaM kaliyuga hai, beTA!" (pR.83) apanI-apanI maryAdAoM meM rahakara hI dharma kA pAlana ho sakatA hai| jIvana paddhatiyA~ bhinna-bhinna hone ke kAraNa dhArmika anuSThAnoM ke tarIke bhI bhinna-bhinna ho gae haiM, lekina mUlata: ve eka haiN| dUsare kI prakRti ko dekhakara hI hameM apane vyaktitva kA vikAsa karanA cAhie / jalatI agarabattI ko chUne para vaha hAtha ko avazya jlaaegii| "lakSmaNa-rekhA kA ullaMghana/rAvaNa ho yA sItA rAma hI kyoM na hoM/daNDita karegA hii|" (pR. 217) bhAratIya darzana kI vividha dhArAoM ko 'mUkamATI' meM samanvita hote hue dekhA jA sakatA hai / jahA~ kahIM dhArmika udAttatA hai, use grahaNa kiyA hai aura jahA~ kahIM kaTTaratA hai, ADambara hai vahA~ usakA virodha kiyA hai| nizcita rUpa se 'mUkamATI' dArzanika mahAkRti hai, jinameM jaina dharma kA vizada vivecana huA hai / upAdAna-nimitta siddhAnta, zramaNa saMskRti, ahiMsA kI sAdhanA, pudgala ke lakSaNa, ekAntavAda aura anekAntavAda Adi jaina siddhAntoM kA spaSTa ullekha huA hai| pratIka evaM bimba vidhAna 'mUkamATI' kA zilpa pratIkoM aura bimboM se nirmita hai| isameM pratyeka prasaMga ekAdhika arthoM ko lekara calatA hai| sampUrNa kathA vividha anta:kathAoM se saMyojita hai / anta:kathAe~ bhinna-bhinna hote hue bhI eka sUtra meM isa taraha piroyI gaI haiM ki ve kathA ko bikharane nahIM detIM aura na hI kathA pravAha meM koI vighna utpanna hotA hai / jaba kavi eka prasaMga kA saMsparza karate haiM to usakI atala gaharAI taka pahu~ca kara usameM se AdhyAtmika, rAjanItika, Arthika, sAmAjika Adi kaI anubhUtiyoM ko sampreSita karate haiM aura isa sampreSaNa ke daurAna pAThaka ke mana meM agale prasaMga ke lie jijJAsA bhI banAe rakhate haiN| unake dvArA prayukta pratIka evaM bimba jIvana darzana, AtmAlocana, bhAvukatA evaM bauddhikatA Adi se paripUrNa haiN| niSkarSata: 'mUkamATI' apane pariveza kI jIvanta abhivyakti hai / isameM sAmAjika vaiSamya, rAjanItika patana, naitika mUlyoM kI girAvaTa, arthalipsA, dhArmika ADambara jaise yathArtha tathyoM ko eka vItarAgI santa ne cunautIpUrNa DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai| unhoMne samasyAoM ko udghATita karake hI itizrI nahIM lI varan unakA samAdhAna bhI prastuta kiyA hai| dArzanika dRSTikoNa se 'mUkamATI' 'rAmacaritamAnasa' ke bAda sabase sazakta racanA hai aura zilpa kI dRSTi se 'kAmAyanI' ke bAda Adhunika kAla kA dUsarA pratIkAtmaka mahAkAvya hai / hamAre viSama pariveza ko saMskArita karanA 'mUkamATI' kA mUla pratipAdya hai / vaha vyakti ko bhItara se itanA zaktizAlI aura dRr3ha banA denA cAhatA hai jisase koI pratikriyAvAdI zakti use vicalita na kara sake balki viSama se viSama paristhitiyA~ bhI parAjita hokara aise samAja ke nirmANa meM saMlagna ho jAe~ jisameM sabhI loga bandhutva aura bhAIcAre ke sAtha jIvanayApana kreN| taba aise samAja meM na koI kisI kA zoSaka hogA na kisI kA shaask|
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________________ Aja ke andhakAra yuga meM prakAza-stambha : 'mUkamATI' Aloka varmA sadguNoM kA ananta pravAha hI santa hone kI paribhASA hai| kisI santa meM jaba bhAvanA ke stara para saundarya bodha jAgrata hotA hai to vaha nirjIva ko sajIva-sama banAkara usameM apane Apa ko samAhita kara detA hai| usakI yaha prakriyA use eka aisA darpaNa Antarika rUpa se pradatta karatI hai jisameM vaha usa nirjIva kI sajIvatA se sIdhA tAratamya baiThAtI hai| use eka abhivyakti kI bhASA bhI mila jAtI hai / usI darpaNa meM nirjIvatA meM sajIvatA kA bodha karate-karate santa bhAvalahariyoM meM hicakole bharatA hai to kavitA phUTa par3atI hai| cUMki santa sadguNoM kA paryAya hotA hai isalie santatva ke mUlya hI usake bimba banate haiN| ___ mATI nirjIva hai, niSprANa hai, niSprakampa hai| sAmAnya vyakti kI daSTi meM upekSita hai. upahAsita hai| daSTi kA hI antara hotA hai| vaha mATI jisameM hama paidA hote haiM. jisake rajakaNa meM loTa-loTa kara hama bar3e hote haiM, jisakI chAtI ko vedhakara jaba hama usameM bIja DAlate haiM vahI mATI hameM anna detI hai: usI mATI ko vedhakara hama pa banAte haiM jo hamArI pyAsa zAnta karatA hai; vaha mATI svayameva apanI chAtI para phaladAra vRkSoM ko ugAkara hameM tRpta karatI hai; vahI mATI apanI chAtI para parvatoM kA bhAra uThAkara hameM jala, paryAvaraNa detI hai; vahI mATI jaba saMvedanazIla vyakti kI vaicArika dhArA meM pravAhita hotI hai to sajIva hokara dharma kA paryAya banakara, mUlyoM kA paryAya banakara, abhivyakti pAkara racanAkAra kI lekhanI se sajIva ho uThatI hai, prANavAn bana jAtI hai tathA nirantara prakampita ho mUlya bodhoM kA ehasAsa karAtI hai| samasta cara-acara ke astitva ko, usakI sampUrNa vedanA, saMvedanA ko apane andara sameTa kara mahAkAvya kI AdhAra zilA bana jAtI hai| ___manuSya jIvana sthUla se sUkSma kI ora jAne kI prakriyA hai kintu svabhAvavaza manuSya sthUla ke hI vivecana meM, sthUla kI laukikatA meM yA sthUla ke vizleSaNa meM hI ulajhA rahatA hai| sthUla se sUkSma kI ora jAne kI prakriyA hI hamArI saMskRti kI pahacAna hai / sUkSma se sUkSmatara kI ora pravAha hI bhAratIya santa paramparA kI kasauTI rahI hai| saMvedanA ke stara para ise racanAkAra anubhava karatA hai tathA sAdhanA ke stara para RSi aura santa / santa ke pAsa yadi abhivyakti kI, bhASA kI nidhi ho to sone meM suhAgA jaisA prabhAva vaha jagat ke lie chor3a jAtA hai / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya bhAva ke stara para santatva aura racanAkAra donoM kI saMvedanA evaM abhivyakti kA sampreSaNa karatA hai| mATI kA jIva jagat se kyA sambandha hai, mATI ke pAsa agara bhASA hotI to vaha apanI pIr3A kaise vyakta karatI, ityAdi kA nitAnta sajIva, saguNa varNana 'mUkamATI' meM hai| cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta yaha mahAkAvya apane-apane khaNDoM meM pUrNa-sA lagatA hai| prathama khaNDa kA upanAma santa kavi ne 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' rakhA hai| apanI sAdhanA ko kavi vikAsa kA sopAna mAnatA hai| sAdhanA ke stara para zrama aura saMyama donoM meM aTUTa tAratamya honA caahie| aisI sthiti meM mana ke stara para prakRti ke svara manochanda hokara ubharate haiN| kavi kahatA hai : "sAdhanA ke sA~ce meM/svayaM ko DhAlanA hogA shrss!"(pR.10)| vaha Age bhI kahatA hai : "caraNoM kA prayoga kiye binA/zikhara kA sparzana/sambhava nahIM hai !"(pR. 10) / jIvana ke krama meM sAdhanA ke jo AyAma haiM unake lie kaThora saMkalpa kI AvazyakatA hai| saMkalpita karma hI zikhara ke saMsparzana kA mArga prazasta kregaa| samasta dharA mAdI kI hI paryAya hai / kumbhakAra dvArA kudAlI se mATI para kie prahAra ko mATI kitanI sahajatA se letI hai, isa bhAvAbhivyakti se hI patA calatA hai ki kavi mana kI saMvedanazIlatA kitanI gaharI aura satyAcchAdita hai : "krUra-kaThora kudAlI se/khodI jA rahI hai maattii|/maattii kI mRdutA meM/khoI jA rahI hai kudAlI !"(pR. 29) / santa para-pIr3A ke kSaNoM meM bhI sva-anubhUti meM jItA hai| usake sukha kA usa samaya pArAvAra nahIM milatA jaba vaha para-pIr3A meM nija-pIr3A kI bodhagamyatA ko pAtA hai| isIlie pIr3A hI usake jIvana kA dhyeya ho jAtA hai| mAnavatA kI muskAna
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________________ 412 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ke lie vaha svayaM kI Ahuti detA hai / santoSaprada jIvana kA lakSya, pIr3A kA AdhAra hI jaba jIvana kA dhyeya ho jAtA hai, taba santa kavi kI vANI kucha isa prakAra prasphuTita hotI hai : "pIr3A kI ati hI/pIr3A kI iti hai/aura/pIr3A kI iti hI/sukha kA atha haiM'(pR. 33) / karuNA kA sAkAra aura mUrta rUpa kavi meM hI dekhA jA sakatA hai| mATI jo nirjIva hai, sabhI ke padoM se AkrAnta hai, vyartha naSTa aura tamAma anupayogI vastuoM kA bhAra apanI chAtI para lAde hai, sampUrNa prakRti ko apane hI rasa se nirmita kie bichI par3I hai, jo jaisA cAhatA hai vaisA usakA upayoga karatA hai / usI mUkamATI ko jaba kavi-mana mahAkAvya kA nAyaka banAtA hai to kitanI sahajatA se usakI vedanA ko vyakta karatA hai : "svayaM patitA hU~/aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se,/ 'adhama pApiyoM se/pada-dalitA hU~ mA~ !"(pR. 4) / eka kumbhakAra jaba usI mATI ko pAtA hai to usakI abhivyakti hotI hai : "mRdu mATI se/laghu jAti se/merA yaha zilpa/nikharatA hai/aura/khara-kAThI se/guru jAti se/vaha avilamba/bikharatA hai"(pR. 45) / kavi ne mATI kA sUkSma vizleSaNa kiyA hai| usa kI dRSTi mATI meM milane vAle hara tattva para, hara vastu para kitanI painI jAtI hai, use ina paMktiyoM se saralatA se samajhA jA sakatA hai : "are kaMkaro!/mATI se milana to haA/para /mATI meM mile nahIM tama!/mATI se chvana to haA/para/mATI meM ghule nahIM tuma !/itanA hI nahIM,/calatI cakkI meM DAlakara/tumheM pIsane para bhI/ apane guNa-dharma/bhUlate nahIM tuma!/bhale hI/cUraNa banate, retila;/mATI nahIM banate tuma !"(pR. 49) / sAmAjika dazA, durdazA se kavi mana baca nahIM paataa| usake antarmana meM udAtta mUlyoM kA samudra sadaiva umar3atA rahatA hai| phira eka santa kavi kaise baca sakatA hai : "isa prasaMga se/varNa kA Azaya/na raMga se hai/na hI aMga se/varan /cAla-caraNa, DhaMga se hai |/yaanii !/jise apanAyA hai/use/jisane apanAyA hai/usake anurUpa/apane guNa-dharma-/-rUpa-svarUpa ko/parivartita karanA hogA"(pR. 47) / isa prakAra kA Atma-vizvAsa yA to santa meM hotA hai yA phira kavi meM / kavi aura santa donoM bhaviSya ko dekhate haiM / isI krama meM Age kI abhivyakti hai : "varanA/varNa-saMkara-doSa ko/varanA hogA!" (pR. 48) / kavi aura santa donoM sAMskRtika paramparA ke vAhaka hote haiN| Aja hama jisa pariveza meM jI rahe haiM, yaha pariveza sAMskRtika saMkramaNa kA hai / jisa prakAra kA suniyojita AkramaNa Aja hamArI saMskRti para ho rahA hai, kavi aura santa donoM kA hI mana usase udvelita hai| hamArI samabhAva, samadRSTi kI saMskRti para upanivezavAdI saMskRti kA jo prahAra ho rahA hai, usase kavi ko isa bAta kA pUrNa vizvAsa ho gayA hai ki yadi hama aba bhI nahIM sambhaleM, aba bhI nahIM cete, to: "varNa-saMkara-doSa ko/varanA hogA !/aura/yaha anivArya hogA"(pR. 48) / bhAratIya mUlya sattA meM jisase hamArI sAMskRtika pIThikA kA nirmANa huA usameM, vyakti nahIM, balki vyakti dvArA kie gae mUlyahIna karma kA tyAga, kSamA, sahiSNutA ke sAtha hI dharma kA svarUpa parilakSita huA hai| usI paramparA kA nirvahana karate hue kavi kahatA hai : "RSisantoM kA/sadupadeza - sadAdeza/hameM yahI milA ki/pApI se nahIM/pApa se/paMkaja se nahIM,/paMka se/ghRNA kro|| ayi Arya!/nara se/nArAyaNa bano/samayocita kara kArya" (pR. 50-51) / eka taponiSTha tapasvI apane jIvana ko mUlyoM ke prati samarpita kara rAkha banA detA hai| tabhI vaha jIvana ke mUlyoM ke prati kharA ho pAtA hai aura unake sthApana kA mAnadaNDa prastuta kara pAtA hai| kisI rAha para calane vAlA vyakti jaba mArga kA 'rAhI' banatA hai to use mArga para kSaNapratikSaNa kasauTI para apane ko kasanA par3atA hai| kasauTI para jo sahI-sahI utaratA hai vaha hI viloma meM 'hIrA' banatA hai aura vahI 'rAhI' bana sakatA hai jo apane ko rAkha kara de arthAt kasauTI para kharA utare / ___ kavi ke pAsa zabda ko viloma zabdoM ke mAdhyama se prastutIkaraNa kI adbhuta kSamatA hai / sthAna-sthAna para unhoMne zabdoM ko viloma rUpa meM prastuta kara nae-nae sandarbho se jor3ane kA navInatama prayoga kiyA hai / jaise : 'rAkha''kharA', 'rAhI'-'hIrA', 'bhalA'-'lAbha' Adi / bhAratIya jIvana mUlyoM meM 'dayA' kA vizeSa mahattva hai| dayAvAn vyakti hI jIvana mUlyoM ko sArthakatA se jI sakatA hai| tabhI hamAre jitane bhI avatAra hue haiM, unheM hama dayAsAgara, dayAnidhAna Adi kaha unakI mahAnatA kA varNana karate haiN| dayA ke bhAva ko nirantara yAda kie rahanA jIvana kI pavitratA se jur3e rahane
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 413 ke hI barAbara hai| isIlie kavi ne kahA : "dayA kA honA hI/jIva-vijJAna kA/samyak paricaya hai"(pR. 37) / prathama khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' meM kavi ne mATI ke svabhAva ke eka-eka guNa ko kureda kara use mAnava mUlya ke zreSTha upAdAnoM se jor3ane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| aisA lagatA hai jaise kavi ne apanI sampUrNa Atma-cetanA ko mATI ke sAtha sammilita kara mATI ke hI jIvana ko svayaM meM jIne, bhogane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| dUsare khaNDa kA zIrSaka 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' dArzanikatA se ota-prota hai| bhAratIya cintana paramparA meM zabda ko brahma bhI mAnA gayA hai / yahI anazvara hai aura zabda hI isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki antarjagat meM kitanA pighala cuke haiM, kitanA tapa cuke haiN| jo zabda hama uccarita karate haiM vahI hamAre bhAvabodha kA paricAyaka hai| bhASA to pratyeka jIva ke pAsa hai / apane vaicArika sampreSaNa kA vahI sarvAdhika sazakta mAdhyama hai / jIvoM kI bhASA unakI dhvaniyoM meM hai| hara jIva dhvani ke mAdhyama se apane jAtigata jIva kI bhASA ko samajhatA hai / yaha eka vaijJAnika satya hai ki jaMgala ke pazu kisI sambhAvita khatare kI AzaMkA hone para vizeSa prakAra kI dhvani kA uccAraNa karake sAre jaMgala ke jIvoM ko sAvadhAna karate haiN| manuSya ke pAsa bhASA hai, jo anAdi kAla se vikasita hI hotI calI A rahI hai| hara bhASA kI varNamAlA hai| una varNamAlAoM se zabdoM kA nirmANa huA aura zabda hI ve sampreSaka tattva haiM jo hamArI bhAvanA, icchA aura AvazyakatA se dUsaroM ko paricita karAte haiN| zabda kA uccAraNa kaisA hai, yaha hamArI usa samaya kI mAnasikatA kA paricAyaka hai jisa samaya hama zabda kA uccAraNa karate haiN| kavi ne dUsare khaNDa ke zIrSaka ko hI eka kAvyAtmaka svarUpa pradAna kara diyA hai / vyakti kA jo bhI bhAva bodha hai, vaha zabda hI hai / zabda ke uccAraNa mAtra se vyakti kI sampUrNa mAnasikatA prakAzita ho jAtI hai| agara kisI vyakti ke viSaya meM samagra jAnakArI prApta karanI hai to hama usake dvArA uccarita zabdoM ke mAdhyama se usakI sampUrNa mAnasikatA kA paricaya pA sakate haiN| 'rAhI' ko hI yadi 'hIrA' bananA hai, 'bhalA' kA 'lAbha' lenA hai to hama apanI zabda aura abhivyakti ko mUlyoM ke AdhAra para DhAlane kA prayAsa kreN| santa kI vANI kI nirmalatA hI gaMgA jala hai / usakI vANI meM dayA, karuNA evaM prema kA sAgara hicakole letA rahatA hai / ata: kavi bar3I hI caturAI se kahatA hai ki zabda kA bodha hI manuSya jIvana kA sAra hai| isalie usake uccAraNa ke samaya hameM isa viSaya para zodha karanA cAhie ki hama kyA uccarita karane jA rahe haiN| kavi kahatA hai ki lekhanI jo kaha rahI hai, use suno : "lo suno, manoyoga se !/lekhanI sunAtI hai :/bodha kA phUla jaba/ DhalatA-badalatA, jisameM/vaha pakva phala hI to/zodha kahalAtA hai|/bodh meM AkulatA palatI hai/zodha meM nirAkulatA phalatI hai,/phUla se nahIM, phala se/tRpti kA anubhava hotA hai,/ phUla kA rakSaNa ho/aura/phala kA bhakSaNa ho;/ hA~ ! hA~ !!/phUla meM bhale hI gandha ho/para, rasa kahA~ usameM !/phala to rasa se bharA hotA hI hai,/sAtha-sAtha/surabhi se surabhita bhI.!"(pR. 107) / zabda ke zodha se yahA~ kavi kA tAtparya spaSTa hotA hai ki zabda kA uccAraNa mAtra bodha nahIM haiN| usake artha kA parijJAna honA bodha hai, jo puSpa hai / zabda meM gandha hai, komalatA hai lekina hamAre dvArA uccarita zabda jaba dUsare taka jAtA hai aura vaha usa zabda ke rasa ko jaba AtmasAt karatA hai to vahI usa zabda rUpI phUla kA phala hai, jo dUsare ko rasa pradAna kara de| sAMskRtika vaibhava jaba kisI bhI deza kA dUsarI sabhyatA ke saMsarga meM Akara bikharane lagatA hai, taba kavi mana mauna nahIM raha sakatA / Aja pUre vizva ko pazcimI sabhyatA se khatarA paidA ho gayA hai / pUrA vizva hI Aja bArUda ke Dhera para baiThA huA hai| kisI bhI samaya sampUrNa mAnavatA kA astitva khatare meM par3a sakatA hai| mATI mUka hai, lekina kavi hRdaya mUka nahIM ho sktaa| vaha mATI kI pIr3A aura vedanA ke sAtha jur3a sakatA hai| vizva kI, mAnavatA kI pIr3A ke sAtha jInA usakA sahaja dharma hI hai / zabda ke bodha ko yahA~ bhI kavi roka nahIM pAyA : "pazcimI sabhyatA/AkramaNa kI niSedhikA nahIM hai/apitu !/AkramaNa-zIlA garIyasI hai/...aura/mahAmanA jisa ora/abhiniSkramaNa kara gaye/saba kucha taja kara, vana gaye/nagna, apane meM magna bana gaye/usI ora ""/unhIM kI anukrama-nirdezikA/bhAratIya saMskRti hai/ sukha-zAnti kI pravezikA hai" (pR. 102-103) / ina paMktiyoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki Aja bhAratIya kavi mana aura santa
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________________ 414 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA mana donoM hI bhaviSya kI bhISaNa vibhISikA se AkrAnta haiN| vizva Aja jisa vibhISikA kI ora agrasara hai usase bacane kA eka mAtra mArga hI aba bacA hai ki hama zabdoM ke bodha meM jie~ jisase badale kI, spardhA kI, hiMsA kI manovRtti TUTe aura zabda kA zodhita bodha, jisameM kevala prema ho, zAnti ho, rasa ho, usI meM mAnavatA ko dduboeN| zabda se saMgIta kA aTUTa riztA hai| saMgIta vaha hai jo sadaiva rasa ke saMga, sAtha-sAtha rahe : "saMgIta use mAnatA hU~/jo saMgAtIta hotA hai/ aura/prIti use mAnatA hU~/jo aMgAtIta hotI hai/merA saMgI saMgIta hai/sapta-svaroM se atIta !" (pR. 144-145) / AcArya vidyAsAgarajI pratIkoM ko bhASA meM DhAlane kI kalA meM nitAnta pravINa haiM / mUkamATI ko jaba kumhAra khodatA hai taba se lekara usake kumbha taka meM parivartita hone kI prakriyA ko unhoMne jahA~ mATI kI vedanA ke sAtha jIkara abhivyakti dI, vahIM kumbha ke nirmANa ke bAda jaba zilpakAra usa para citroM ko aMkita karatA hai taba bhI kavi mana usa mUka citra se zilpakAra ke tathA citroM ke mithakoM meM apane ko Dubokara usake mAdhyama se apane bhAvoM ko kuzalatA se sampreSita karatA hai / kavi kI bhAvanA kA yaha kitanA sundara paricAyaka dRzya hai : "kumbha para huA vaha/siMha aura zvAna kA citraNa bhI/bina bole hI sandeza de rahA hai-/donoM kI jIvana-caryA-cAla/paraspara viparIta hai|/piiche se, kabhI kisI para/dhAvA nahIM bolatA siMha,/garaja ke binA garajatA bhI nahIM,/aura/binA garaje/kisI para barasatA bhI nahIM-/yAnI/mAyAcAra se dUra rahatA hai siMha |/prntu, zvAna sadA/pITha-pIche se jA kATatA hai,/binA prayojana jaba kabhI bhauMkatA bhI hai" (pR. 169) / ye donoM hI pratIka do saMskRtiyoM ke paricAyaka haiN| Aja hama jisa saMskRti meM jI rahe haiM vaha zvAna saMskRti hai jo pratIka hai pIche se AkramaNa kI, vizvAsaghAta kii| ikkIsavIM sadI meM praviSTa kara baiThI bhAratIya manISA Aja bhI siMha kI taraha vizva kI vibhISikA ko apanI zAnta aura adhyAtma sAdhanA se cunautI de rahI hai| yahI tAtparya hai 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' zIrSaka se| mahAkAvya ke tIsare khaNDa kA zIrSaka kavi ne 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' diyA hai| prakRti ke saundarya varNana tathA prakRti ke guNoM se kavi ne isa adhyAya kA prArambha kiyA hai, jisameM jala ko upanivezavAdI vyavasthA kA pratIka banAyA hai| aura yaha dikhalAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki kisa prakAra dalita, pada-dalita, bhUkhe loga lobha ke bhrama meM par3akara bhUkha miTAne ke lie apane Apako luTavAte haiM aura zoSita ho jAte haiM : "dharatI ko zItalatA kA lobha de/ise lUTA hai,/ isIlie Aja/yaha dharatI dharA raha gaI/na hI vasundharA rahI na vasudhA!/aura/vaha jala ratnAkara banA hai"(pR. 189) / isa lobha ke bhAva se manuSya jAti kI jaba taka mukti nahIM hotI taba taka yaha zoSaNa se mukta nahIM ho ho paaegii| zoSaNa kI prakriyA ko bimbita karate hae kavi ne prakati ke mAdhyama se zoSaNa-cakra kA jo citraNa kiyA hai usameM usane hindI sAhitya meM kahIM chAyAvAdI aura kahIM-kahIM prakRtivAdI kavitA ko zikasta de dI hai : "vasudhA kI sArI sudhA/sAgara meM jA ekatra hotI/phira preSita hotI Upara ""/aura/usa kA sevana karatA hai/sudhAkara, sAgara nahIM/sAgara ke bhAgya meM kSAra hI likhA hai" (pR. 191) / yaha zAzvata niyama hai ki puNya kA pAlana sadaiva mUlyoM ke saMrakSaNa aura anusaraNa se hotA hai| yahI malya jaba viparIta krama se calate haiM taba pApa kA udaya hotA hai / pApa ke prakSAlana ke lie puNya ke mUlyoM ko sameTanA par3atA hai| yaha prakriyA vahI apanA sakatA hai jisameM mATI-sI sahanazIlatA hogI, yAnI samasta pApAcArI bhAvanAe~ jo na ke andara vidyamAna haiM. jisase saMsAra gasita hai. usakA prabhAva apane Upara na par3ane denaa| mATI yAnI dharA para sArI kI sArI viparIta prakriyAe~ sampAdita hotI rahatI haiN| lekina usake andara jo dayA, kSamA, mamatA, urvaratA ke udAtta guNa nihita haiM, vaha unako prabhAvita nahIM hone detii| jisake jIvana krama meM yaha avadhAraNA hogI. vaha vyakti hI paNya kA pAlana kara skegaa| usake pApa svayaM hI prakSAlita hote jAe~ge / puNya kI jo avadhAraNA hamAre sAMskRtika mUla meM kavi usake prati sarvathA sajaga hai aura vaha usI ora iMgita kara kahatA hai : "dAna-karma meM lInA/dayA-dharma-pravINA/ pItA-sI banI.../rAga-raMga-tyAginI/virAga-saMga-bhAvinI/saralA-taralA marAlI-sI banI.../jinameM/ sahana-zIlatA A ThanI/hanana-zIlatA so hanI,/jinameM/santoM-mahantoM ke prati/nati namana-zIlatA jagI/yati
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 415 yajana-zIlatA jagI/pakSapAta se rItA ho/nyAyapakSa kI gItA - samItA banI...!"(pR. 208-209) / ye paMktiyA~ vyaktitva ke nirmANa kI sopAna haiN| inhIM sopAnoM para car3hakara vyakti pApa kA prakSAlana kara sakatA hai| pApa kA prakSAlana hI puNya kA saMcaya hai| kavi pApa-karma se milane vAle daNDa se mAnava mAtra ko saceta kara bArambAra isa satya kI sthApanA kA prayAsa karatA hai ki prakRti ke pratikUla, mUlyoM ke pratikUla, saMvedanAoM ke pratikUla jaba bhI AcaraNa, vyavahAra aura karma hoMge to hama daNDa ke bhAgI baneMge : "lakSmaNa-rekhA kA ullaMghana/rAvaNa ho yA sItA/rAma hI kyoM na hoM/ daNDita karegA hI!" (pR. 217) / bhAratIya mithaka meM lakSmaNa-rekhA ko maryAdA se jor3akara dekhA gayA hai / yU~ aba taka jisane bhI lakSmaNa- rekhA ke mithakoM kA kavitA meM prayoga kiyA, usane sItA aura rAvaNa kA hI pratIka adhikAMza liyA hai| lekina maryAdAoM kI sImA ko svayaM jIvana meM nirvAhita karane vAlA kavi usa maryAdA kI sImA ullaMghana para rAma ko daNDita hone kA saMketa dekara isa bAta kI puSTi bebAka tarIke se karatA hai ki maryAdA se jIvana kA zAzvata satya ujAgara ho sakatA hai, kintu maryAdA ke bAhara jAne para daNDa se koI bhI baca nahIM sakatA / sampUrNa prakRti jina sUtroM se ba~dhI hai, vahI sUtra usakI maryAdA hai| maryAdAhInatA hI pApa kA svarUpa hai aura maryAdita jIvana hI puNya kA sNrkssnn| tIsare khaNDa ke anta taka pahu~cate-pahu~cate kavi apanI bhAvanAoM ko zabdoM meM DhAlakara kahane ke bajAya, kavitA kI kalAtmakatA se chuTakArA pAkara sIdhI sapATa bhASA meM kaha baiThatA hai : "isa lekhanI kI bhI yahI bhAvanA hai-/kRti rahe, saMskRti rahe/AgAmI asIma kAla taka/jAgRta "jIvita "ajita !"(pR. 245) / bhAratIya manISA kI yahI kAmanA rahI hai ki saMskRti ke jisa vizAla phalaka para usane puNya ke rUpa ko citrita kiyA hai, jo hamArI saMskRti kI AdhAra zilA hai, vaha ananta kAla taka jIvita rhe| saMskRti kA nirmANa mUlyoM kI sApekSadharmitA se hotA hai| yaha eka dina kI prakriyA nahIM hai, isameM hajAroM varSoM taka samAja ko pravAhita honA par3atA hai| ina hajAroM varSoM kI yAtrA meM saMskRti pUre deza, kAla, samAja para AcchAdita ho jAtI hai / hara manuSya una mUlyoM kA saguNa upAsaka ho jAtA hai / taba sAMskRtika dhArA abAdha gati se pravAhita hotI hai jo sampUrNa mAnava jAti ko mUlyoM kA, saMvedanAoM kA sandeza detI calatI hai| prazna yaha uThatA hai kavi ko puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' likhane kI AvazyakatA kyoM par3I ? uttara spaSTa hai ki Aja hamArI sampUrNa sAMskRtika dhArA dina-ba-dina avaruddha hotI jA rahI hai| kavi Aja ke pariveza se AkrAnta hai| use dikhAI par3a rahA hai ki samUcA bhAratIya sAMskRtika, sAmAjika aura AdhyAtmika pariveza kA purAnA kintu sazakta mahala kabhI bhI Dhaha sakatA hai / vaha samAja, deza ko saceta karate hue kahatA hai : "aura suno !/Aga kI nadI ko bhI pAra karanA hai tumheM,/vaha bhI binA naukA !/hA~ ! hA~ !!/apane hI bAhuoM se taira kara,/tIra milatA nahIM binA taire" (pR. 267) / apane mUlyoM kI rakSA ke lie hameM aba sabhI saMkaToM kA sAmanA karane ko tatpara rahanA hai, tabhI hama 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' kara sakate haiN| cauthA aura mahAkAvya kA antima khaNDa apane Apa meM bahuta vistAra se viSayoM ko sameTe hai / kavi antima khaNDa kA zIrSaka agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' rakhatA hai| zIrSaka hI batAtA hai ki isa antima khaNDa meM usa agni kI parIkSA honI hai jo agni sabakI agni-parIkSA letI rahatI hai| prazna yaha hai ki agni kI parIkSA legA kauna ? isake uttara meM jo dArzanika bhAva chipA hai, vaha yaha hai ki jisa mATI ko kumbhakAra ne nAnA prakAra kI prakriyAoM se, jisameM kumbha kI agni-parIkSA bhI nihita hai, se gujArA hai, vaha kumbha aba banakara taiyAra ho gayA hai / pake taiyAra kumbha ko dekha kumbhakAra harSita hai evaM ullAsa se bharA hai| kumbhakAra ne eka aise pAtra kA nirmANa kara diyA hai jo dasaroM kI pyAsa bujhAkara ra unheM jIvana detA hai.jo pAtra apane jala se RSiyoM.maniyoM ke pA~va pakhAra sakatA hai aura apane jala se usa agni kI dAhatA bhI samApta kara sakatA hai jisa agni ne tapAkara use aisI pAtratA pradAna kI hai| isIlie aba cA~dI kI rAkhasI amUlya nidhi ho gaI hai| usakI amUlyatA aba sthAI ho gaI hai| vaha kumbha jitendriya ho gayA hai| aba use jo zarIra milA hai, vaha usakI tapasyA kA pariNAma hai / apane sampUrNa nirmANa hone taka kI prakriyA meM vaha mATI, jisane Aja eka
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________________ 416 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kumbha kA zarIra dhAraNa kara liyA, kevala mauna hI rhii| mATI khodane se lekara kumbha ke nirmANa taka kI prakriyA hI usake amaratva kI sAdhanA hai / yaha isa satya ko udghATita karatA hai ki laukika jIvana jIne vAlA vyakti bhI IzvarIya sattA se yukta ho sakatA hai, yadi usameM tapane kI kSamatA ho / kevala sA~ce meM DhalA kumbha kA sA~cA agni se jo kahatA hai, vahI udAharaNa paryApta hai / uparyukta kathana ke pramANa hetu dekheM : "mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI / mujhe jilAnA hai / sva-para doSoM ko jalAnA/parama-dharma mAnA hai santoM ne // doSa ajIva haiM, / naimittika haiM, / bAhara se Agata haiM kathaMcit; / guNa jIvagata haiM, / guNa kA svAgata hai|/ tumheM paramArtha milegA isa kArya se,/ isa jIvana ko artha milegA tuma se / mujha meM jala-dhAraNa karane kI zakti hai/ jo tumhArI pratIkSA kara rahI hai, / usakI pUrI abhivyakti meM / tumhArA sahayoga anivArya hai" (pR. 277) / viSaya ko spaSTa aura vibhinna udAharaNoM se spaSTa karane ke lie kavi ne kaI pAtroM kI vArtAoM ko kAvyAtmaka DhaMga se abhivyakta kiyA hai- kumbhakAra kI kumbha se vArtA, kumbha se nikalI dhvaniyoM kA zAstrIya vivecana, santa pravRtti kA vizada vivecana, upAsanA ke vibhinna prasaMgoM evaM upAsanA meM Ane vAlI vastuoM kA vizada varNana, mAnavIya saMvedanAoM ko vibhinna nirjIva vastuoM ke mAdhyama se varNana karanA aadi| kabhI-kabhI cauthA adhyAya kAvya kI rasAtmakatA se bharA milatA hai to kabhI - kabhI nATakIya abhivyaMjanA bhI isameM sajIva mUrtimAn milatI hai| mAnava jIvana kI antima gati kyA hai, anta meM santa kavi use bhI spaSTa kara detA hai: "bandhana-rUpa tana, / mana aura vacana kA / AmUla miTa jAnA hI / mokSa hai" (pR. 486) / yaha mokSa hI mAnava jIvana kA antima lakSya hai / AtmA rUpI jJeya ko parama gati puruSArtha se hI mila sakatI hai| jo vyakti puruSArtha ke mAdhyama se samasta duHkhoM ko sahana karatA huA mUkamATI kI bhA~ti paga-paga para apanI parIkSAe~ detA huA tathA tana, mana aura vacana ke samasta laukika bandhanoM ko tor3akara nirantara bar3hatA jAtA hai, use hI parama sukha, aisA sukha jo kabhI bhI naSTa na hone vAlA hotA hai, prApta hotA hai| kavi ne bar3e hI spaSTa zabdoM meM usa parama lakSya kI prApti ke sukha ko yAnI pUre mahAkAvya ke sAra ko eka hI paMkti meM vyakta kara diyA hai : "isI kI zuddha dazA meM / avinazvara sukha hotA hai/jise / prApta hone ke bAda, / yahA~ / saMsAra meM AnA kaise sambhava hai/ tuma hI batAo !/... isIlie ina / zabdoM para vizvAsa lAo,/ hA~, hA~ !! / vizvAsa htbhUti milegI / avazya milegI /magara/ mArga meM nahIM, maMz2ila para ! / aura / mahA-mauna meM/ DUbate hue santa" / aura mAhaula ko/animeSa nihAratI - sI / mUkamATI" (pR. 486-488) / ... isa mahAkAvya meM prakRti kI vicitratA kA jahA~ virAT saundarya bodha virAjamAna hai, vahIM para manuSya kI sUkSma sUkSmatara bhAvanAoM aura saMvedanAoM ke aneka aise pratIka maujUda haiM jo kAvyAtmaka rasa ko nirantara sajIva kie rahate haiN| dArzanika bhAvoM meM tathA AdhyAtmika bhAvoM meM to aneka pratIka aura bimboM ke mAdhyama se kavi ne apanI bAta kahI hai aura vaha kAphI spaSTa bhI hai, kintu kahIM-kahIM aisA lagatA hai jaise viSaya ke pravAha kI dhArAvAhikatA TUTI bhI hai| aise uddharaNa usa sthAna para vizeSa rUpa se mila jAte haiM jahA~ kavi ne mAnavetara pratIka / bimboM ko vistArita karanA cAhA hai| aisA aksara ho bhI jAtA hai / kAvya vaha vidhA hai jo bar3e se bar3e phalaka ko choTe se choTe zabdoM ke sA~ce meM DhAla de| cU~ki isa mahAkAvya kA viSaya dArzanikatA aura AdhyamikatA se ota-prota hai, isalie gUr3hatA aura jaTilatA kA AnA svAbhAvika lakSaNa hai / isa mahAkAvya kI preraNA kitanoM taka pahu~cegI, yaha to samaya hI batalAegA lekina itanA jarUra hai ki yaha mahAkAvya Aja ke sAmAjika aura mAnavIya pariveza ke lie eka mUlyavAn nidhi hai, jo apane meM dhArmika, sAmAjika, rAjanItika, AdhyAtmika aura dArzanika dhArA ko sameTe hai aura Aja ke bar3hate andhakAramaya yuga ke lie eka prakAza stambha hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI': sAmAjika cetanA kA mahAkAvya DaoN. brajabihArI nigama mUkamATI meM jaba spandana hotA hai taba prANoM kA saMcAra hotA hai| prANa jaba pariveza se nAtA jor3ate haiM taba mana, ahaMkAra aura buddhi kA vikAsa hotA hai / aura, jaba ye tattva sarala citta aura sahRdaya manuSya meM praveza pAte haiM taba satyaM, zivaM aura sundaram ke mUlya abhivyakta hone lagate haiN| ina mUlyoM kA sambandha dRSTi (vicAra) se kama, manuSya aura mAnava-sRSTi (AcAra) se adhika hai| jIvana meM ina mUlyoM kI avatAraNA sImA (zarIra) meM nissIma hone kI anubhUti prApta karane kA prayAsa hai / vastu vahI rahatI hai, lekina usake prati dRSTi aura AcaraNa meM antara A jAtA hai / mUlya-sAdhanA meM jIva paryAya, kaSAya aura AvaraNoM meM se kramaza: mukti kI ora bar3hatA hai| yaha vijJAna kA niyama hai ki jo vastu jitanI kama bhAra kI hotI hai utanI hI adhika Upara jAtI hai| isI taraha jIva ko moha-mAyA ke vajana se jitane-jitane mukta karate jAe~ge utanI-utanI hamArI Urdhvagati hotI jaaegii| kumbha jaba paka kara taiyAra ho jAtA hai taba usameM jala bharane kI kSamatA A jAtI hai, yahI kumbha kI mUlya-dRSTi hai / jaba yahI dRSTi pyAse kI pyAsa bujhAne kI ora jAtI hai, taba pratyeka pyAse AdamI ke lie vahI kumbha Adara kA pAtra ho jAtA hai| dhArmika anuSThAnoM meM bhI sarvaprathama kumbha meM jala bharake, usakI pavitra sthAna para prANa-pratiSThA karate haiN| saMketa yahI hai ki mATI kumbha rUpa meM avatarita hone ke lie kumbhakAra (guru) ke nirdezana meM tapasyA prArambha karatI hai taba use kumbha rUpa milatA hai / yaha tapasyA hI mUlya-sAdhanA hai| isI sAdhanA kI prakriyA meM ucca vicAra, AcAra, dharma, paropakAra, sukha, Ananda Adi kA udbhava hotA hai / manuSya jitanA vyaktigata sukha-duHkhoM ke dvandva se mukta hotA hai utanA hI vaha mAnava mAtra ke lie cintA karane lagatA hai / jisa taraha kumbha kI kRtArthatA pyAse kI pyAsa bujhAne meM hai, usI taraha mUlya-sAdhaka kI kRtArthatA dUsaroM ke duHkha dUra karake unheM Ananda mArga kA rAhI banA dene meM hotI hai| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI aise hI mUlya-sAdhaka haiM jo nagna isalie haiM ki hara naMge ko vastra pahanA dekha sakeM / unakA mitAhAra yA nirAhAra svarga-prApti ke lie nahIM, varan isalie hai ki pratyeka bhUkhe ko bharapeTa bhojana mila ske| unake bhavana kI chata AkAza hai aura dizAe~ dIvAreM haiN| isa ananta kSetra meM ve binA bheda-bhAva ke pratyeka duHkhI va jijJAsu ko ajJAna se mukti, sAdhanA kA mArga aura divya-dRSTi pradAna karate haiN| aise manISI ko jAti, sampradAya, sAMsArika mohamAyA va duHkha-sukha ke dvandva meM bA~dha nahIM skte| unake hI zabdoM meM : "jo moha se mukta ho jIte haiM/rAga-roSa serIte haiM/...zoka se zUnya, sadA azoka haiM ...jinake pAsa saMga hai na saMgha,/jo ekAkI haiM !" (pR. 326-327) yahA~ ekAkI kA artha mukti kI kAmanA se ekAnta meM baiThe kisI vyakti se nahIM, varan aise karmaTha yogI se hai jisakA pratyeka pala mAnava-kalyANa meM vyatIta ho rahA hai / samatva-bhAva kI dRSTi jaba vyavahAra meM AtI hai taba manuSya-mAtra usake mana, vacana aura karma ke lakSya ho jAte haiN| vaha ekAkI arthAt akelA nahIM hai, sArA saMsAra usameM pratibimbita hotA hai aura dhIre-dhIre usakA bimba bhI manuSya mahasUsa karane lagate haiN| vaha 'eka' aisA hai jisameM zeSa-sRSTi kA bahutva samAhita hai| _ 'mUkamATI' AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kA anyokti-paraka mahAkAvya hai| kumbha va kumbhakAra isake pramukha pratIkAtmaka pAtra haiM / kumbha kI yAtrA mUkamATI se mukhara-mahAmAnava taka calatI rahatI hai / kumbhakAra arthAt guru prakAza-puMja mArgadarzaka hai / kumbha ko kaThora tapasyA ke bAda bhI jagat-hita kI kasauTI para eka santa kI taraha kharA utaranA par3atA hai| use mUka hote hue bhI jAgatika vyavahAra meM Ane vAle sabhI samparka-sambandhoM meM apanI prAmANikatA siddha karanA par3atI
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________________ 418 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA hai jisa taraha kI eka sAdhAraNa vyakti ko / ata: kumbha kA jIvana-darzana eka vyakti ke jIvana darzana se bhinna nahIM hai| kumbha ko jIvana meM anya vastuoM aura vicAroM se utane hI samparka Ate haiM jitane ki eka manuSya ko| ata: yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki 'mUkamATI' sAmAjika cetanA kA mahAkAvya hai| dharma, darzana, arthazAstra, vijJAna, nIti, saundarya Adi sabhI anuzAsanoM kA mukhya uddezya sAmAjika manuSya ko sampanna, sukhI banAnA aura usakI samasta kSamatAoM ko pUrNatA kI ora le jAnA hai / dhArmika AcAra ho yA arthazAstrIya cintana kA sAmAjika vyavahAra, sabhI kA uddezya hai sva se para kI ora pragati / isameM na to sva apanA astitva khotA hai na hI para vAyavI yA kAlpanika rahatA hai / sva kA dAyarA bar3hate-bar3hate para bhI usameM samA jAtA hai / jIva aura brahma meM antara nahIM rhtaa| paryAyoM va kaSAyoM se jIva mukta hokara zuddha Atma-svarUpa ho jAtA hai| jIva aura AtmA ke bIca mAyA kA paradA hAmAko iptamIdava satsaM ligA taitiAtigata samAja aura vicAra va AcAra koI bhI zuddha nahIM raha paate| ata: jIva-zuddhi kA artha vyakti evaM samAja-zuddhi tathA vicAra va AcAra kI pariSkRti hotA hai| jaise-jaise jIva zuddha hotA hai, usameM va AtmA meM bheda kama hotA jAtA hai| __AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI dRSTi itanI sUkSmadarzI evaM vyApaka hai ki vicAra va AcAra kA koI sA bhI kSetra unake mAnava-kendrita cintana se nahIM bacatA / eka sampradAya ke AcArya ke rUpa meM dhArmika vicAra va AcAra ke pratyeka pakSa ko atyanta hI sarala va subodha kAvyAtmaka bhASA meM spaSTa kara diyA hai / lekina eka cintaka, sampradAya kA hokara bhI, satya aura zubha kA satata anveSI hone ke kAraNa sampradAyAtIta ho jAtA hai / kumbha kA jala pyAse ke lie hai, na ki dhanika-nirdhana, vidvAn-mUrkha yA jaina-ajaina ke lie / kumbha kA jala prApta karane kI pAtratA pyAse meM hai / pyAsa sabhI prakAra ke bhedoM se Upara hai| bheda vyakti, paristhiti aura samAja ne utpanna kie haiN| aura yahI bheda-dRSTi mAnavatA ke lie pIr3AdAyaka hai| 'mUkamATI' kA navya arthazAstra : santa kI satya-dRSTi se samAja ke doSapUrNa vicAra va AcAra baca nahIM sakate / yaha socanA ki santa asaMga aura virAgI hai aura usakA saMsAra se kyA lenA-denA ? lekina AdhyAtmika satya isake viparIta hai| AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya kA kathana hai : "kaivalya prApta kara lene para jIva isa bhUtala para nivAsa karatA huA samAja meM parama maMgala ke sampAdana karane meM lagA rahatA hai / vaha apane Adarza caritra se manuSya-mAtra ke hRdaya meM duHkha-nivRtti ke lie AzA kA saMcAra karatA rahatA hai" ('bhAratIya darzana', pR. 170) / isI kAraNa santa kI dRSTi vyApAra, dhana, mUlya, bAjAra, vivAha, nyAya-anyAya va sukha-duHkha kI ora jAtI hai / vaha to mukta hai, isI kAraNa anya ko mukta karane kA mArga batA sakatA hai : "parIkSaka banane se pUrva/parIkSA meM pAsa honA anivArya hai, anyathA/upahAsa kA pAtra banegA vaha / " (pR.303) / saMsAra ke adhikatama vyavahAra aura manuSya ke sukha-duHkha dhana-upArjana kI kAmanA para kendrita haiM / AcAryajI kA kathana hai: "cetana bhUlakara tana meM phUle/dharma ko dUra kara, dhana meM jhUle... dhana koI mUlabhUta vastu hai hI nahIM/dhana kA jIvana parAzrita hai para ke lie hai, kAlpanika !" (pR. 307-308)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 419 jaba cetanA kI ora mana mur3egA, taba tana sAdhana ho jaaegaa| isase jIvana meM dharma praveza karegA aura dhana kI Asakti kama hogI, dhIre-dhIre yaha bhI bodha hogA ki dhana kA koI mUlya yA mUlabhUta vastu nahIM hai| adhika yogyatA vAle vyakti ko adhika dhana diyA jAtA hai lekina santa amUlya aura mUlyahIna, kyoMki unakA saMga kupAtra ko sulabha nahIM aura supAtra ke lie sadA-sarvadA sahaja sulabha / arthAt manuSya ko cetanA ke sahAre mUlya bar3hAnA hai / isa taraha jisa dhana ke pIche saMsAra pAgala hai vaha mUlabhUta padArtha hai hI nahIM, vaha to vinimaya kA sAdhana mAtra hai / mUlya, upayogitA aura dhanika kA kArya : dhana kamAnA (yA ga~vAnA) bAjAra aura vastuoM ke ghaTate-bar3hate mUlyoM para nirbhara hai| AcAryajI kA mata hai : " vastu kA mUlya vastu kI upayogitA hai| / vaha upayogitA hI bhoktA puruSa ko kucha kSaNa sukha meM ramaNa karAtI hai|" (pR. 304) aisA lagatA hai ki dhArmika sAdhaka kI AtmA se nikalA vAkya unnIsavIM sadI ke sabase mahAn sAmAjika tapasvI mArksa kI antarAtmA kI dhArmika pratidhvani hai : " upayogitA kI vastu hue binA koI bhI vastu apanA mUlya nahIM rakhatI" ('kAdambinI', disambara '98, pR. 48 ) / lekina vastu kA mUlya vastuoM ke lena-dena va vyavasAya meM sahI-sahI nahIM A~kA jA sakatA, kyoMki arthapradhAna tantra meM dhanika apanI AvazyakatA kI pUrti ke lie adhika se adhika mUlya cukA sakatA hai, lekina adhika AvazyakatA hone para bhI nirdhana usakA mUlya de nahIM sakatA / vastu kI upayogitA manuSya ke lie hai, pyAsA pAnI kA mUlya jAnatA hai (bhale hI vaha dhanI ho yA nirdhana ) / mUlya ke Arthika pakSa para vicAra karane se jJAta hotA hai ki mUlya mArkeTa meM vastuoM kI upalabdhi aura mA~ga para nirbhara rahatA hai| adhika vastuoM ke hone para mUlya kama ho jAtA hai aura kama hone para bhAva bar3ha jAte haiN| kuzala vyApArI isI tejI - mandI meM kamA letA hai| lekina tejI svAbhAvika nahIM, kRtrima hotI hai / utpAdana ke kama hone, ThIka samaya para bAjAra meM mAla na pahu~cane yA utpAdana adhika hone para dhanikoM ke koThAra bhara lenA (tAki kamI ke samaya adhika lAbha para vastu kA vikraya ho sake) tejI Ane ke kAraNa haiM / mAla kA adhika utpAdana tathA nirdhana logoM kI kraya-zakti nahIM ho mandI ke kAraNa haiM / spaSTa hai ki vastu kA utpAdana bAjAra ke lie hotA hai na ki manuSya ke lie| manuSya ke lie utpAdana hotA to vastu pratyeka z2arUratamanda AdamI ko miltii| lekina vastu milatI hai kevala dhanikoM ko / sUrya kI razmi aura havA kA jhoMkA prakRti ne sabake lie banAe haiN| ve sabake lie Avazyaka haiM lekina sampanna logoM ne U~cI-U~cI aTTAlikAe~ banAkara rozanI va havA kA mUlya bar3hA diyA, kyoMki svAsthyaprada havAdAra makAna kA kirAyA itanA adhika hotA hai ki garIba to ThIka, madhyamavargIya vyakti ko bhI aise makAna sulabha nahIM hote / AcAryajI isa mantavya ko nimna zabdoM meM rekhAMkita karate haiM : "hA~ ! hA~ !!/ dhana se anya vastuoM kA / mUlya A~kA jA sakatA hai vaha bhI AvazyakatAnusAra, / kabhI adhika kabhI hIna / aura kabhI aupacArika, aura yaha saba / dhanikoM para AdhArita hai / " (pR. 308) aisA pratIta hotA hai ki AcAryajI ke zabdoM meM nobela puraskAra vijetA amartya sena bola rahe haiM, jinakA kathana hai : "artha zAstra kA vAstA garIboM tathA pichar3e vargoM se bhI hai| samAja meM dabe-kucaloM kI taraphadArI karanA arthazAstra kI pahalI
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________________ 420 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA AvazyakatA hai / merA yahI kahanA hai ki hama apanI AvazyakatA ko pahale dekheM, usakI gambhIratA ko samajheM aura binA bAta ke kaThamullAvAdI bahasa meM na ulajheM ki hama bAjAra tantra meM pUrA vizvAsa rakhate haiM yA use pUrI taraha nakArate haiM"('dainika naIduniyA', indaura, 8-11 - 98 meM bheMTavArtA) / Arthika vicAra va AcAra meM vikRti ke pariNAma : isa vikRti ke vyakti aura samAja ke dainika vyavahAra, rItirivAz2a aura naitikatA para pratyakSa prabhAva hote haiN| mAnava-vyavahAra ke kendra meM dhana hone se sAdhana kI zucitA - azucitA ke nirNaya ke lie anukUla tarka khoja lie jAte haiM / ye tarka mAnava - kendrita nahIM hote, dhana kendrita hote haiN| ataH sAmAjika vyavahAroM meM apavitratA, anyAya, ghoTAle, hatyA Adi ghaTita hote haiM / AcAryajI kI zuddha sAmAjika cetanA ina zabdoM meM prakaTa hotI hai : 66 .. kheda hai ki / lobhI pApI mAnava / pANigrahaNa ko bhI prANa- grahaNa kA rUpa dete haiN| / prAya: anucita rUpa se / sevakoM se sevA lete/aura vetana kA vitaraNa bhI anucita hI / / ye apane ko batAte / manu kI santAna ! mahAmanA mAnava ! / dene kA nAma sunate hI / inake udAra hAthoM meM pakSAghAta ke lakSaNa dikhane lagate haiM / " (pR. 386-387) samAja meM pracalita daheja prathA ke kAraNa nArI ke prati hone vAle atyAcAra, santrAsa, jalakara, jahara khAkara yA DUbakara Atma-hatyA kara lene para eka saMvedanazIla santa - kavi A~kha nahIM mU~da sakatA / adAlata meM nyAya milane meM vilamba aura vyaya bhAra ko dekhakara kavi kahatA hai : " AzAtIta vilamba ke kAraNa / anyAya nyAya - sA nahIM nyAya anyAsa-sA lagatA hI hai|" (pR. 272) pratidina puNya baTorane deva-darzana ko jAte haiM, dharma pustakeM bhI par3hate haiM aura santoM ke bakhAna bhI sunate haiN| lekina parivartana nahIM hotA, jaisI ki ukti hai : "khala kI kAlI kAmarI cadai na dUjo raMga " aisI sthiti kA kAraNa santa-pravara ina zabdoM meM prakaTa karate haiM : "kucha samaya taka / pIyUSa kA prabhAva par3anA bhI nahIM hai / isa jIvana para ! jo viSAkta mAhaula meM rahatA huA / viSa- sA bana gayA hai|" (pR. 272) 'mUkamATI' ko par3hate hue usakI bhASA, bhAva, abhivyakti aura sAmAjika va Arthika vizleSaNa ko par3hakara aisA lagatA hai ki eka vidvAn pragatizIla kavi kI kavitA kA AsvAdana kara rahe haiN| unakA sandeza hai : " kumbha ke jIvana ko Upara uThAnA hai, / aura / isa kArya meM aura kisI ko nahIM, / tumheM hI nimitta bananA hai / " (pR. 273 ) aisA lagatA hai ki 'gItA' (6/5) ke kRSNa bola rahe haiM- "uddharedAtmanA''tmAnam / "
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________________ nArI zabda ke paryAyoM kI sArthaka abhivyaMjanA : 'mUkamATI' __DaoN.(zrImatI) nIlama jaina nArI aura nArI ke paryAyavAcI sadA se hI isa puruSapradhAna samAja meM nArI ke prati nara ke dRSTikoNa se hI abhihita kie jAte rahe haiN| isIlie nArI, strI, mahilA, kumArI, abalA ityAdi koI bhI zabda ho--eka aisI bhIru, zaktihIna, dIna, matihIna aMgoM-upAMgoM kA eka aisA kaMkAla prastuta karate haiM jise jisane cAhA saMvedanazIla, sahRdaya athavA jIvanta samajhA aura jisane cAhA spandanahIna, nirAzraya, mRtaka-tulya samajha upahAsita kiyA / parantu samayasamaya para nArI ko kIcar3a se nikAla kamalavat pratiSThita karane vAlA saccA ikkA-dukkA mAnava-ratna bhI isa dharA para prasUta huA, jisase nArI jAti kA saMrakSaNa evaM saMvarddhana sambhava huA / Aja bhI parama saubhAgya se aise zramaNaratna, AcAryapravara, gurumaNi, kalmaSanAzaka, suvivekI, sRjaka sAdhu zrI vidyAsAgarajI hameM puNyodaya se prApta hue, jo nAma se hI nahIM, karma se bhI agAdha vidyA-sindhu haiN| mATI jaisI tuccha, padadalita vastu ko bhI pavitra maMgala kalaza kI pratiSThita padavI para vibhUSita karane vAle AcAryadeva ne apane aitihAsika, kAlajayI isa 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM nArI ko abhUtapUrva garimA evaM mahimA-maNDita pada dekara nArI viSayaka sabhI zabdoM kA ekadama nayA vizleSaNa, sArthaka, saTIka, upayukta evaM sahI vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| ___pUjya gurudeva sutarko se tatkAla nArI jAti para Aropita - 'adhogAminI', 'pApinI', 'durAcAriNI' jaise marmAntaka bANoM se kaise chuTakArA dilA dete haiM, vaha avalokanIya hai : "kupatha-supatha kI parakha karane meM/pratiSThA pAI hai strI-samAja ne|" (pR. 202) nArI zabda : prAya: nArI kA artha Adhunika arthavettA kucha aise karate haiM- na + ari, arthAt inake samAna koI duzmana nahIM hai / para karuNAnidhAna gurudeva nArI ko isa kalaMka se kucha isa prakAra bacAte haiM : "inakI A~kheM haiM karuNA kI kArikA/zatrutA chU nahIM sakatI inheM milana-sArI mitratA/mufta milatI rahatI inase / yahI kAraNa hai ki inakA sArthaka nAma hai 'nArI'/yAnI-/'na ari' nArI"/athavA ye ArI nahIM haiM/so 'naarii"|" (pR. 202) mahilA : becAragI kI sUcaka 'mahI' arthAt pRthvI ke prati AsthA paidA karanevAlI mahilA ko kitane sundara, AkarSaka evaM apratima zabdoM se guruprabho maNDita karate haiM : "jo/'maha' yAnI maMgalamaya mAhaula,/mahotsava jIvana meM lAtI hai| 'mahilA' kahalAtI hai vaha |/...mhii yAnI dharatI/dhRti-dhAraNI jananI ke prati apUrva AsthA jagAtI hai| aura puruSa ko rAstA batAtI hai sahI-sahI gantavya kA-/'mahilA' kahalAtI vaha !/itanA hI nahIM, aura suno ! jo saMgrahaNI vyAdhi se grasita huA hai/jisakI saMyama kI jaTharAgni manda par3I hai, parigraha-saMgraha se pIr3ita puruSa ko/mahI yAnI maThA-maherI pilAtI hai,/'mahilA' kahalAtI hai vaha !" (pR. 202-203) abalA : abalA zabda prAya: nArI kI zaktihInatA kA dyotaka mAnA jAtA hai, jo prAya: use azaktatA,
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________________ 422 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kamaz2orI, durbalatA kA AbhAsa dilAtA rahatA hai, parantu 'mUkamATI' meM isase bhinna hI prarUpaNa hai : "jo ava yAnI/ avagama'-jJAnajyoti lAtI hai,/timira-tAmasatA miTAkara jIvana ko jAgRta karatI hai/'abalA' kahalAtI hai vaha !/athavA, jo puruSa-citta kI vRtti ko/vigata kI dazAoM/aura anAgata kI AzAoM se/pUrI taraha haTAkara/ aba' yAnI Agata - vartamAna meM lAtI hai/ 'abalA' kahalAtI hai vaha ! balA yAnI samasyA saMkaTa hai/na balA"so abalA/samasyA-zUnya-samAdhAna ! abalA ke abhAva meM/sabala puruSa bhI nirbala banatA hai/samasta saMsAra hI, phira, samasyA-samUha siddha hotA hai,/isalie striyoM kA yaha/'abalA' nAma sArthaka hai!" (pR. 203) kumArI : avivAhita mahilA 'kumArI' zabda se jAnI jAtI hai, kintu AcAryapravara kahate haiM : " 'ku' yAnI pRthivI/'mA' yAnI lakSmI/aura/'rI' yAnI denevAlI.. . isase yaha bhAva nikalatA hai ki/yaha dharA sampadA-sampannA/taba taka rahegI jaba taka yahA~ 'kumArI' rahegI/yahI kAraNa hai ki/santoM ne inheM prAthamika maMgala mAnA hai/laukika saba maMgaloM meM !" (pR. 204) strI : vivAhitA nArI, triloka saMhAriNI, saMkucita-saMkocita svabhAvavAlI mAnI jAne vAlI 'strI' rUpI beDaula bhadde prastara ko zilpI guruzrIjI kI lekhanI ke sparzana se pUjya-pratimA-pada prApta karane ke samAna chavi nirmita huI "puruSa kI vAsanA saMyata ho,/aura/puruSa kI upAsanA saMgata ho, yAnI kAma puruSArtha nirdoSa ho,/basa, isI prayojanavaza vaha garbha dhAraNa karatI hai |/sNgrh-vRtti aura apavyaya-roga se puruSa ko bacAtI hai sadA,/arjita-artha kA samucita vitaraNa krke| dAna-pUjA-sevA Adika/satkarmoM ko, gRhastha dharmoM ko sahayoga de, puruSa se karA kara/dharma-paramparA kI rakSA karatI hai| yU~ strI zabda hI/svayaM gunagunA rahA hai/ki/'sa' yAnI sama-zIla saMyama 'trI' yAnI tIna artha haiM/dharma, artha, kAma-puruSArthoM meM puruSa ko kuzala-saMyata banAtI hai/so 'strI' kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 204-205) sutA : sutA se tAtparya putrI mAnA jAtA hai kintu yahA~ isakI vyutpatti kucha alaga, anUThI kI gaI hai : "o, sukha cAhanevAlo ! suno,/'sutA' zabda svayaM sunA rahA hai : 'su' yAnI suhAvanI acchAiyA~/aura/'tA' pratyaya vaha bhAva-dharma, sAra ke artha meM hotA hai/yAnI,/sukha-suvidhAoM kA srota "so'sutA' kahalAtI hai/yahI kahatI haiM zruta-sUktiyA~ !" (pR. 205)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 423 duhitA : pAlita, poSita kanyA ko duhitA kahA jAtA hai, para saccAI to isase bhI bar3ha kara hai : " do hita jisameM nihita hoM / vaha 'duhitA' kahalAtI hai apanA hita svayaM hI kara letI hai, / patita se patita pati kA jIvana bhI hita sahita hotA hai, jisase / vaha 'duhitA' kahalAtI hai / ubhaya- kula maMgala- vardhinI / ubhaya- loka - sukha - sarjinI sva-para-hita sampAdikA / kahIM rahakara kisI taraha bhI .. hita kA dohana karatI rahatI / so 'duhitA' kahalAtI hai / " (pR. 205 - 206) mAtR : 'mAtR' zabda pUjya rahA hai / santAna ko janma dene ke pazcAt hI nArI 'mAtR' saMjJA prApta karatI hai| AcAryapuMgava vidyAsAgarajI ne 'mAtR' zabda ko z2arA dekhie kitanA saTIka, sArthaka paribhASita kiyA hai : "hameM samajhanA hai / 'mAtR' zabda kA mahattva bhI / / pramANa kA artha hotA hai jJAna prameya yAnI jJeya / aura / pramAtR ko jJAtA kahate haiM santa / jAnane kI zakti vaha/mAtR-tattva ke sivA / anyatra kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hotI / yahI kAraNa hai, ki yahA~/ koI pitA- pitAmaha, puruSa nahIM hai jo saba kI AdhAra - zilA ho, / saba kI jananI / mAtra mAtRtattva hai / mAtR-tattva kI anupalabdhi meM / jJeya - jJAyaka sambandha Thap ! aisI sthiti meM tuma hI batAo / sukha-zAnti mukti vaha kise milegI, kyoM milegI/ kisa - vidha? isIlie isa jIvana meM / mAtA kA mAna-sammAna ho, usI kA jaya-gAna ho sadA, / dhanya !" (pR. 206 ) aMganA : jisakA svayaM kA astitva puruSa saMsarga se hI pUrNa hotA hai, svayaM meM jo samAja kA aMga nahIM hai tathA sadA puruSa kI vAmAMgI, sirfa aMkazAyinI, kAminI samajhI jAnevAlI aMganA vAstava meM hai kyA ? : " svIkAra karatI hU~ ki / maiM aMganA hU~ / parantu, / mAtra aMga nA hU~.. aura bhI kucha hU~ maiM !/ aMga ke andara bhI kucha / jhA~kane kA prayAsa karo, aMga ke sivA bhI kucha / mA~gane kA prayAsa karo, / jo denA cAhatI hU~, lenA cAhate ho tuma ! / 'so' cirantana zAzvata hai / 'so' niraMjana bhAsvata hai bhAra-rahita AbhA kA AbhAra mAno tuma !" (pR. 207) isake atirikta bhI zramaNa ziromaNi, manmatha bhaMjaka, sadAkAla vandita, anupama sAdhaka, yogIndra gurudeva zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne nArI viSayaka lalita, apUrva tathA pracalita arthoM ko bhI vyAkaraNa kI hI kasauTI para nae-nae prakAra se kasa kara nae-nae rUpa die haiM, nae-nae vizeSaNa die haiM, yathA- dAna - karma lInA, mRdutA - muditA - zIlA, vINA - vinItA, rAga-raMga- tyAginI, saralA - taralA - marAlI, sevya sevikA, snehilA Adi (pR.208 - 209) / nArI jAti ko sammAnanIya evaM zraddhAjanaka pada denevAle paramapitA, parama gurudeva AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke caraNoM meM natamastaka hai nArI samAja !!
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________________ 'mUkamATI' meM mukhara cintana DaoN. hanumanta nAyaDU 'mUkamATI' jaina AcArya vidyAsAgara kA mATI ko kendra banAkara likhA gayA mahAkAvya hai / yaha cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hai / prathama khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' hai jisameM batAyA gayA hai ki kumbhakAra maMgala ghaTa ke nirmANa kI kalpanA karatA hai| isake lie kumbhakAra miTTI kA parizodhana karatA hai| kaMkaroM se milI varNa saMkara miTTI ko vaha eka varNa detA hai / dvitIya khaNDa 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM hai| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki kumbhakAra kudAlI se miTTI khodatA hai| isa prayAsa meM kudAlI eka kA~Te ko lagatI hai| kA~TA badalA lenA cAhatA hai / mATI ke samajhAne para aura kumbhakAra kI zAlInatA ke kAraNa vaha pratizodha kI bhAvanA se ubaratA hai / isI khaNDa meM nau rasoM kI paribhASA, zRMgAra rasa kI maulika vyAkhyA tathA vibhinna RtuoM kA varNana hai| kavi ne yaha bhI spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki uccAraNa zabda hai, zabda kA sampUrNa artha samajhanA bodha hai tathA isa bodha ko AcaraNa meM utAranA zodha hai / tRtIya khaNDa 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' meM vicAraka kavi ne yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki mana, vacana tathA kAyA kI nirmalatA se kie gae loka kalyANa ke zubha kAryoM se puNya tathA krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi se vazIbhUta hokara kie gae kAryoM se pApa hotA hai / mATI kI vikAsa kathA ke sAtha-sAtha yahIM megha dvArA kumbhakAra ke AMgana meM motI barasAne kA varNana hai| kumbhakAra vaha muktA-rAzi rAjA ko sauMpa detA hai| dharatI ke yaza ko dekhakara sAgara ke hRdaya meM utpanna krodha kA bhI varNana isa khaNDa meM hai| sAgara krodhita hokara dharatI para bhISaNa varSA karAtA hai, ole barasavAtA hai tathA vajraprahAra karAtA hai| isa prakAra kavi ko prakRti ke bhadra rUpa kA varNana karane kA avasara mila gayA hai| caturtha khaNDa 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' hai, jisameM batAyA gayA hai ki kumbhakAra miTTI ke ghaTa ko Aga meM pakAne ke bAda bAhara nikAlatA hai tathA zraddhAlu nagara seTha ko detA hai tAki usake jala se guru ke caraNa dhoe jA sakeM, pyAsa bujhAI jA sake / nagara seTha kA sevaka ghaTa ko sAta bAra bajA kara letA hai| yahA~ saMgIta ke sAta svaroM ko kavi ne nayA arthabodha diyA hai| nagara seTha usa maMgala ghaTa ke jala se guru ke caraNa dhotA hai / isa sandarbha meM aneka jijJAsAoM kA zamana tathA vibhinna laukika aura pAralaukika viSayoM kA varNana hai / svarNa kalaza miTTI ke ghaTa evaM seTha parivAra ko mArane hetu AtaMkavAdiyoM ko bhejatA hai| anta meM miTTI ke ghaTa kI sahAyatA se hI nagara seTha kA parivAra nadI pAra karake AtaMkavAda se bacatA hai| jahA~ taka mahAkAvyatva kA prazna hai, grantha ke pakSa aura vipakSa meM bahuta kucha kahA jA sakatA hai| isa mahAkAvya kI kathA lokaprasiddha nahIM hai| kavi ne kisI prasiddha vyakti ke sthAna para mATI ko kendra meM rakhakara isakA sRjana kiyA hai| Aja ke yuga meM mahAkAvya ke kSetra meM anekAneka nae prayoga kie gae haiM jinameM mahAkAvya ke paramparAgata sabhI lakSaNoM kA nirvAha nahIM kiyA gayA hai, yaha eka aisA hI mahAkAvya hai| kavi ne isa racanA meM nirjIva tathA mUka vastuoM ko mukhara kiyA hai tathA unake saMvAdoM ke dvArA hI pUrI kathA kahane kA prayatna kiyA hai / kavi ne mahAkAvya ke lie Avazyaka prakRti ke vibhinna rUpoM tathA vibhinna rasoM kA citraNa bhI yathAsthAna kiyA hai / kavi ne 'sTAra vAra' tathA AtaMkavAda jaisI nae yuga kI samasyAoM ko bhI isa grantha meM sthAna diyA hai| kavi dharmAcArya hai, phalasvarUpa isa grantha meM cintana, darzana aura bauddhikatA kA pramANa adhika milatA hai| 0 "hara prANI sukha kA pyAsA hai/parantu,/rAgI kA lakSya-bindu artha rahA hai aura/tyAgI-virAgI kA paramArtha !" (pR. 141) "jAte-jAte he svAmin !/eka aisA sUtra do hameM/jisa meM baMdhe hama
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________________ apane astitva ko pahacAna sakeM, / kahIM bhI girI ho sasUtra suI so/ kabhI khotI nahIM / " (pR. 344) mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 425 pAThaka ko bAra-bAra yaha anubhava hotA hai ki yahI cintana kAvya para savAra hokara AyA hai| bauddhikatA kI bahulatA evaM atukAnta kAvya zailI ke kAraNa ise naI kavitA kA mahAkAvya kahA jA sakatA hai| jahA~ taka zilpa kA prazna hai, chAyAvAdI kavi panta ke bAda hindI meM itane nae zabdoM kA sRjana athavA prayoga pahalI bAra huA hai - bhaMgAyita, svIkAratA, svAdakatA, virAgatA, nirAzatA jaise aneka vicitra zabda grantha meM aneka bAra prayukta hue haiM parantu kavi ne machalI, kA~TA, gadahA, svarNa kalaza, maMgala ghaTa Adi pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se bhASA ko nayA Aloka jala bhI diyA hai| kavi ke sAmane vyAkaraNa aneka sthAnoM para vivaza pratIta hotA hai- apanI parAga, saragama jharatI hai, cetana AtmA kharA utaregA, hamArI upAsya devatA ahiMsA hai, unakI pAda-pUjana jaise liMgadoSa yukta aneka prayoga haiM / kavi ne kucha zabdoM ko tor3akara jaise 'kambala vAle kama balavAle, kAyaratA - kAya ratA, dhokhA diyA -dho khA diyA' tathA kucha zabdoM ko ulTA kara jaise- 'rAkha- kharA, rAhI - hIrA, lAbha- bhalA' Adi se nayA arthabodha dene kA yatna kiyA hai, parantu yaha sAyAsa prayAsa naI arthavattA ke sthAna para zabdoM ke sAtha kiyA gayA khilavAr3a lagatA hai| kahIM-kahIM para tathyAtmaka galatiyA~ bhI haiN| guru ke svAgata ke samaya sItAphala aura rAmaphala eka sAtha dikhAe gae haiN| donoM phala eka Rtu meM nahIM hote| sItAphala zIta Rtu meM hotA hai jabaki rAmaphala grISma Rtu meM hotA hai / phira bhI mahAkAvya ke kSetra meM yaha eka nayA prayoga hai / isakA svAgata kiyA jAnA cAhie / ['nayA khUna' (hindI dainika), nAgapura - mahArASTra, 13 navambara, 1991 ] manda manda sugandha pavana baha rahA hai; bahanA hI jIvana hai O
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : santa kI antarAtmA kA prasphuTana AcArya gaNeza zukla 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI racanA hindI sAhitya meM eka anupama upalabdhi hai / yaha kavikarma eka RtambharA prajJAvAn santa kI antarAtmA kA prasphuTita rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi yaha kAvyakRti mahAkAvya kI sImA meM samAhita kI jA sakatI hai, isameM atyukti nahIM hogI, phira bhI isa vidhA ke marmajJoM dvArA Alocya viSaya ho sakatA hai| prastuta kRti ke Arambha meM kumudinI, kamalinI, cA~da, sitAre, sugandha pavana, saritA taTa aura isake atirikta anya samasta prAkRtika paridRzya isa bindu para dArzanika rUpa se kendrIbhUta ho jAte haiN| - mahAkAvya kI apekSAoM ke anurUpa prAkRtika vAtAvaraNa ke atirikta anya pakSa bhI saMkalita kie gae haiN| isameM kumbhakAra ko nAyaka tathA mATI ko nAyikA ke rUpa meM ujAgara kiyA hai| kAvya meM zabdAlaMkAra tathA arthAlaMkAroM kI chaTA pade-pade cittAkarSaka hai| racanAkAra ne zabda kI vyutpatti tathA usake tAttvika artha kA bodha bar3e hI rocaka rIti se karAyA hai| kumbhakAra mATI ko maMgala kalaza kA rUpa denA cAhatA hai| usake lie sarvaprathama yaha Avazyaka hai ki mATI ko khodakara, use kUTachAnakara usameM se kaMkaroM ko nikAla diyA jAe, kyoMki mATI to varNa saMkara hai aura usameM viparIta tattva kaMkara A mile granthakartA ne tIsare bhAga meM manasA-vAcA-karmaNA zubha karmoM ke dvArA lokahita bhAvanA se puNyArjana kiyA hai tathA yaha bhI pratipAdita kiyA hai ki lobha, mAna, krodha, mAyA tathA moha se grasita hokara mAnava pApakarmA ho jAtA hai| isake atirikta granthakAra ne svarNakalaza aura AtaMkavAda ko Aja ke jIvana jagat ke jvalanta nidarzana rUpa meM prastuta kie haiN| isake samAdhAna ke lie Adhunika vyavasthA ke vizleSaNoM dvArA prasthApita kiyA hai / yaha atyAzcarya hai ki sAmAjika dAyitva kA udbodhana matkuNa evaM macchara ke mAdhyama se pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| usakA udAharaNa adholikhita hai jisameM matkuNa seTha se kahatA hai : "sUkhA pralobhana mata diyA karo/svAzrita jIvana jiyA karo, kapaTatA kI paTutA ko/jalAMjali do !/gurutA kI janikA laghutA ko zraddhAMjalI do !/zAlInatA kI vizAlatA meM/AkAza samA jAya aura/jIvana udAratA kA udAharaNa bane !/akAraNa hI para ke duHkha kA sadA haraNa ho !" (pR. 387-388) kAvyakAra kI kRti Adhunika mAnava jIvana kI adhyAtmaparaka evaM sAmAjika zikSAprada upalabdhi hai / pAThakavRnda nizcitameva sarvatobhAvena lAbhAnvita hoMge, aisA merA dRr3ha vizvAsa hai| pR. 37 inaseTI phalatA-phalatAraiga 'ArogmakA vizAlakAya vRkSa!
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________________ bhAratIya manISA kI tattva-sRSTi : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. cakradhara nalina 'mUkamATI' bIsavIM zatI kA sarvazreSTha yathArthaparaka dArzanika pRSThabhUmi para racita pahalA mahAkAvya hai, jo bhogavAdI saMskRti para gahare kuThArAghAta karatA hai| yaha nizcaya hI Adhunika bhAratIya sAMskRtika sampadA kI avismaraNIya upalabdhi hai| AcArya vidyAsAgara ne mATI ke mUka sandeza ko vizva mAnavatAvAdiyoM ke samakSa soddezya pUrNa DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai, jo bhAratIya sAhitya kI amUlya nidhi hai / kRti carama bhavyatA kI pratIti hai / racanAkAra ne saphalatApUrvaka jIvana-mukti kI maMgala yAtrA aura jIva ko alaukika tathA bhedahIna sthiti taka kAvyadhArA ke mAdhyama se pahu~cAyA hai| isameM na kevala kAvya tattvAdarza hai varan ananta, abAdha, zAzvata saMgItika nAda bhI hai jo sAdhaka kI jIvantatA kA prakaTIkaraNa hai| __ bhArata meM mahAkAvyoM kI akSuNNa paramparA ke kIrtimAnoM meM kavizreSTha vAlmIki kRta 'vAlmIki rAmAyaNa, vyAsa kRta 'mahAbhArata', kAlidAsa kRta 'raghuvaMza', tulasIdAsa kRta 'rAmacaritamAnasa', candabaradAI kA 'pRthvIrAja rAso, kezavadAsa kI 'rAmacandrikA, ayodhyAsiMha upAdhyAya hariaudha kRta 'priya pravAsa, jayazaMkara prasAda viracita 'kAmAyanI, maithilIzaraNa gupta praNIta 'sAketa, razmirathI' (prabandha kAvya) dinakara kRta, 'urmilA' racanAkAra bAlakRSNa zarmA 'navIna' tathA sumitrAnandana panta kRta 'lokAyatana' evaM rAmaprasAda mizra viracita 'puruSottama' Adi pramukhatama haiM, jinameM 'mUkamATI' eka navyalokAdhArita pariNati hai| mATI aura kumbhakAra, ziSya aura guru ke mAdhyama se racanAkAra parama tattva udghATana karatA hai tathA sva-Atmacintana kI nidhi prastuta kAvya kRti meM samAhita karatA hai| isameM jIvana ke ananta anubhavoM kA darzana tathA rUpAntaraNa hai| isameM kAvya kI antaraMgatA rUpAyita hai / prathama khaNDAnusAra mATI mizrita tattvoM se bharI par3I hai jise kumbhakAra parizodhana kara use vizuddha karatA hai / yaha maulika varNalAbha kruddhatA kI pratihati hai / dvitIya khaNDAnusAra kumbhakAra dvArA kudAlI se ise khode jAne para eka kA~Te ko AI coTa pratizodhAtmaka rUpa grahaNa karatI hai / kavi ke anusAra : "krodhabhAva kA zamana ho rahA hai |/pl - pratipala/pApa-nidhi kA pratinidhi banA/pratizodha-bhAva kA vamana ho rahA hai| pala - pratipala/puNya-nidhi kA pratinidhi banA/bodha-bhAva kA Agamana ho rahA hai" (pR. 106) / jJAna aura bodha kA caitanya bhAva mAnasa ko jAgRta karatA hai / tRtIya khaNDa meM racanAkAra ne sAhityabodha ke navAdarza sthApita kie haiN| saMgIta svara laharI kI bhAvodrekatA tathA prANamayatA hai / prastuta kRti bhAratIya manISA kI tattva-sRSTi hai / tRtIya khaNDAnusAra mAnava kalyANa, loka maMgala hI kAvya meM iSTa hai jo racanAkAra ke anusAra mana, vacana, kAya kI pAvanatA para nirbhara hai| isa meM mATI kI vikAsa yAtrA ke dvArA puNya kAryoM se usakI viziSTa prApti kA ullekha hai / bhautika sattA para parama adhyAtma kI vijaya isa khaNDa kA abhiprAya hai| caturtha khaNDa meM mATI kI sRjana kathA, rUpa parivartanazIlatA ko pratibimbita karatI hai / kumbhakAra ne sarjaka banakara mATI ko vividha rUpoM meM DhAla kara use sarjanAtmaka chavi pradAna kI hai| samIkSya kRti vicAra pradhAna mahAkAvya hai jo homara ke 'IliyaDa', 'oDisI', varjila ke 'enIDa', dA~te kI 'DivAina kAmeDI', phiradausI ke 'zAhanAmA', milTana ke 'pairADAija laoNsTa' tathA varDsavartha ke 'prilyUDa jaise Atmaparaka mahAkAvya kI paramparA ko Age bar3hAtI hai / 'mUkamATI' meM jahA~ bhAratIya dArzanika cintanA hai vahIM AtmaparakatA kA vaibhava bhI / isa prakAra ke mahAkAvya bahuta kama haiM jo bhAratIya sAMskRtika tathA dArzanika pRSThabhUmi kA jayaghoSa karate haiN| racanA kI bhASA racanAkAra ke kannar3a bodha ke kAraNa bhAva sampreSaNa meM halakI baiThatI hai kintu artha vahanatA meM
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________________ 428 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA vizeSa antara sAkSya nahIM hotA hai| isameM lekhaka ke svAdhyAya, cintana-manana evaM tapazcaraNa ke vyApaka prabhAva dRggata hote haiM / atukAnta bodha isa kRti kI viziSTatA hai kintu AlaMkArika tathA sAmAsika dRSTi se kRti dhanI hai / prastuta mahAkAvya meM jaina dharma tathA jaina saMskRti kA prabhAva bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai / bhASA mahAkAvyAnukUla tathA sarvagrAhya hai| samIkSya kRti bhAratIya tattva manISA kI vizada vyAkhyA hai / sAMskRtika mUlyAdhArita hone se yaha bhAratIya jIvanadhAraNA ko balavatI tathA phalavatI banAtI hai / kRti uddezya ko pUrNa karatI hai / prastuta kRti rocaka, jJAnavardhaka, saMgrahaNIya tathA mAnava ke netra kapATa kholanevAlI hai / AzA hai, hindI kAvya saMsAra meM isa abhinava kRti kA paryApta Adara tathA svAgata hogaa| santa kAvya paramparA ko naI sandhyA bhASA meM bar3hAne vAlI : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. vidyA vindu siMha maiMne AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI 'mUkamATI' pddh'ii| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya eka Azcarya hai| Adhunika hindI meM itanA bar3A mahAkAvya likhane kI bAta bhI nahIM socI jA rahI hai / para sAdhanA ke bala para adhyAtma ko aura vicAra darzana ko kendra meM rakhakara nae-nae bimboM aura pratIkoM ke sahAre itanA vizAla kAvya likhA gayA hai| maiM isake lie lekhaka ko badhAI detI huuN| ___isako samajhane aura par3hane ke lie bhI santa kI bhAvabhUmi apekSita hai| isIlie isa kAvya kI samIkSA karane kA maiM apane ko adhikArI nahIM maantii| itanA hI kaha sakatI hU~ ki santa kAvya paramparA ko naI sandhyA bhASA meM Age bar3hAne kA yaha kArya samAdara paaegaa| jise santa kavi ne mUkamATI kahA, vaha isa kAvya ke bAda bar3I hI vAcAla mATI ho gaI hai| mATI ke mAdhyama se pArthiva jIvana artha pA gayA hai| isa anUThI kRti ke prakAzana ke lie bhAratIya jJAnapITha ko hArdika bdhaaii| merI hArdika maMgalakAmanA hai ki yaha grantha hindI kAvya sAhitya meM apanI anUThI pahacAna banA ske| pR.66 -----. usako para kyA huA? mAnasa-sthiti bhI urdhvamukhI hogaI,
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________________ 'mUkamATI' kI sAmAjika cetanA DaoN. (zrImatI) suzIlA sAlagiyA 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya AcArya vidyAsAgara kI eka apratima racanA hai, jisakA prakAzana bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI se san 1988 meM huA hai / prastuta mahAkAvya kI sAmAjika cetanA para vicAra karane ke pUrva samAja, cetanA aura sAmAjika cetanA Adi zabdoM kA Azaya jAnanA anivArya hai| vaise to samAja zabda bar3A vyApaka hai / zabda koza ke anusAra isake artha haiM- samUha, saMgha, giroha, dala, sabhA, samudAya aadi| cetanA kA artha aMgrejI zabda koza ke anusAra hai- kAnzasanesa, anDarasTenDiMga, sensa aadi| cetanA-saMjJAvAcaka strIliMga zabda hai jisakA artha hai manovRtti, buddhi, jJAnAtmaka manovRtti, cetanatA, saMjJA, hoza Adi / uparyukta zabdArthoM ke AdhAra para samAja aura sAmAjika cetanA kI paribhASA isa prakAra kI jA sakatI haipazuoM se bhinna janasamUha athavA janasamAja kI jJAnAtmaka manovRtti kA nAma sAmAjika cetanA hai aura samAja pazuoM se bhinna logoM ke saMgha yA samUha kA nAma hai| hemacandra ke anusAra cetanA kA artha hai 'sabhA' / DaoN. jaMkasana ke anusAra samAja manuSyoM ke maitrI yA zAntipUrNa dazA kA nAma hai / vyaktiyoM ke samUha ko samAja kahate haiN| para bhIr3a yA Akasmika jamAvar3e ko samAja nahIM kahA jA sakatA / samAja ke sabhI vyaktiyoM kA eka nizcita lakSya hotA hai| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne samAja kI paribhASA 'mUkamATI' meM isa prakAra dI hai : "samAja kA artha hotA hai samUha/aura/samUha yAnI sama-samIcIna Uha-vicAra hai/jo sadAcAra kI nIMva hai / " (pR. 461) sAmAjika cetanA ko 'hindI sAhitya-sAmAjika cetanA' kRti meM ratnAkara pANDeya ne isa taraha paribhASita kiyA hai : "samAja kI adhogati aura patanAvasthA kI vividha pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM bhI jo pratibhA AkarSaka dIpti banakara camaka uThe aura jisake prabhAva se samasta samAja meM janajAgaraNa kI jo lahara vyApta ho jAe, usI ko sAmAjika cetanA kA vAhaka samajhanA cAhie / sAmAjika cetanA abhAvAtmaka yA nakArAtmaka nahIM hotii| vyakti mAtra meM caitanyamUrta hai parantu rUr3hi, azikSA aura abhAvoM ke kAraNa yaha duSprabhAvita yA kuNThita ho jAtI hai| isa duSprabhAva se mukta rahanA aura kuNThA ko apanI anta:vRtti se tirohita banAe rakhanA hI sAmAjika cetanA hai|" isa sAmAjika cetanA ko lAne ke lie kisI vyakti vizeSa yA samUha vizeSa kA jIvana utsarga hotA hai tabhI sadiyoM se jo rUr3hiyA~ samAja meM jar3eM jamA cukI hotI haiM, unakA uccheda hotA hai| binA tyAga yA utsarga ke rUDhibaddha AdhyAtmikatA ke sthAna para naI AdhyAtmikatA athavA navasaMskRti kA janma sambhava nahIM hai| sAmAnya mAnava yugIna paristhitiyoM se samajhautA karake usameM jI letA hai / vaha una paristhitiyoM meM koI vizeSa parivartana lAne kA prayAsa nahIM karatA kintu kucha virale mAnava aise bhI hote haiM jo sthitiyoM ko dekhakara mauna darzaka nahIM bane raha skte| unakI antarAtmA chaTapaTAtI hai, kucha kahane ke lie| antata: unakI chaTapaTAhaTa yA to vANI yA lekhanI dvArA zabdoM kA sandhAna kara mAnava samAja ko jhakajhora kara rakha detI hai, use kucha manana-cintana karane ke lie udvelita karatI hai aura anta meM vivaza karatI hai parivartana, parimArjana, parizodhana ke lie| kisI sAmAnya vyakti ke bUte kI bAta nahIM hotI yaha saba karanA / unakA asAdhAraNa aura prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva aura kRtitva hai, jo samAja ko bodha de rahA hai yA jinakA asIma tyAga evaM kaThina tapasyA hai| tabhI yaha loka unakI vANI ko sunegA, grahaNa karegA aura AcaraNa bhI karegA / jahA~ loka upadeSTA kI kathanI aura karanI meM antara dekhegA vaha usakI vANI to kyA, use bhI svIkAra nahIM kregaa|
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________________ 430 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ina saba mApadaNDoM para khare utarane vAle upadeSTA santa AcArya vidyAsAgara dvArA racita 'mUkamATI' eka AdhyAtmika kAvyakRti hai jisako mahAkAvya kI saMjJA prApta ho, yaha bhI isa nispRha santa kI bhAvanA nahIM rahI / unako to mATI ko AtmA kA rUpaka banAkara Atma vikAsa kI bAta kahanI thI, mAnava samAja ko, jo eka lambI kavitA ke rUpa meM unhoMne kaha dii| jaba kabhI koI prasaMga cala par3atA hai to phira aneka bAteM idhara-udhara kI bhI hotI haiN| per3a kA tanA UrdhvagAmI, vikasita hotA hai, kintu AjU-bAjU kaI zAkhAe~ phUTakara use saghanatA pradAna karatI haiM, anyathA per3a tAr3a ke jhAr3a kI taraha lambavat vikAsa ko prApta hotA / vaha rAhagIra ko chAyA pradAna karane taka meM asamartha hotA hai| kintu : "...jo/harA-bharA taru hai/phUloM-phaloM-daloM ko le pathika kI pratIkSA meM khar3A hai/usase thor3I-sI chA~va kI maiMganI/kyA ha~sI kA kAraNa nahIM hai ?" (pR. 475) patroM, puSpoM aura phaloM se ladA per3a hamArI kSudhA, tRSA miTAne hetu madhura rasIle phala pradAna karatA hai / phUlapattiyA~ jIvanadAyI auSadhiyA~ pradAna karatI haiM to per3a rAhI ko ayAcita chAyA pradAna kara klAnti kA haraNa kara vizrAnti detA hai| vizAla vRkSa kI taraha santa kavi kI yaha mahAn kRti bhI bahu upayogI hai| vaise to kRtikAra kA lakSya mAnava samAja ko Atma vikAsa kI prakriyA batAnA, AtmA ko ananta sukha prApta karane hetu prerita karanA hai / eka sajaga rAhagIra kI bhA~ti apane irda-girda dekhate hue, caukannA rahakara kRtikAra yadi kahIM dekhatA hai to vaha cuppI nahIM sAdha letaa| vyakti, samAja, kalA, vijJAna, darzana, rAjanIti, arthanIti, videzanIti Adi kahA~ para kavi kI dRSTi nahIM gii| use kahIM khoTa naz2ara AI hai to usane turanta saMketa kiyA hai- kintu yadi viSaya sAmAnya na hokara gambhIra hai to mIThe yA tIkhe vyaMgya bhI kie haiM aura yadi dekhA ki bhA~ga khAkara soe usa mAnava para ye upAya sArahIna siddha hoMge to usane aisI tIkhI phaTakAra bhI sunAI hai jo usakI cetanA ko eka bAra jhakajhora kara rakha deM: "dharatI ke ArAdhaka dhUrto,/kahA~ jAoge aba ? jAo, dharatI meM jA chupa jAo""/usase bhI''nIce ! pAtako, pAtAla meM jAo!/pAkhaNDa pramukho! mukha mata dikhAo hmeN|" (pR. 447) brahmA dvArA sRSTi sRjana, viSNu dvArA pAlana aura maheza dvArA saMhAra hone vAlI mAnyatA kA khaNDana karane vAle jaina darzana ko loga bhramavaza nAstika kI saMjJA de dete haiN| isa bhrama kA nivAraNa karanA, nimitta-upAdAna kI Agamika mImAMsA karanA ityAdi uddezya rakhakara 'mUkamATI' kI racanA huI hai| AcArya vidyAsAgara kI prakAzita sabhI racanAoM meM 'mUkamATI' unakI atyanta praur3ha evaM ucca koTi kI sAhityika kRti hai| 'mATI' yadyapi mUka hai tathApi usakI anugUMja hamAre 'banda kapAToM ko kholakara hattantrI' ko jhaMkRta kara detI hai| Aja bhautikavAda meM jakar3e hue mAnava ko, jo ki viSaya-kaSAya meM AkaNTha nimagna hai, sanmArga dikhAnA, kupathagAmiyoM ko zubha saMskAra dekara sumArga para ArUr3ha karanA tathA duSkarmoM meM rata evaM chala-chadmoM meM nirata mAnavoM ko karma bandhanoM se chuTakArA pAne kI rIti batAnA kRtikAra ke uddezya haiM / vItarAga zramaNa saMskRti kA saMrakSaNa evaM usake samarthana kA prayAsa bhI kRtikAra ke mahat uddezyoM meM nihita hai / kavi ne yaha bhI cAhA hai ki dharma, samAja evaM rAjanIti meM jo doSa A gae haiM una doSoM kA parihAra ho / paraspara vizvAsa evaM prema utpanna ho tathA sampUrNa vizva meM zAnti sthApita ho, isa hetu jaina darzana ke pramukha siddhAntoM ko apanAkara kRtikAra ne inheM vizvavyApI rUpa pradAna kiyA hai / ahiMsA kA pAlana karake hI Aja kI isa AzAoM kI bar3hatI huI pratispardhA para aMkuza lagAkara kaI antararASTrIya samasyAoM kA hala ghojA jA sakatA hai| itanA hI nahIM AcAryazrI ne to use devatva hI pradAna kara diyA :
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________________ kumArI mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 431 "hamArI upAsya-devatA/ahiMsA hai/aura/jahA~ gA~Tha-granthi hai vahA~ nizcita hI/hiMsA chalatI hai|" (pR. 64) nArI jAti ke prati sadaiva pUjya bhAva rakhane vAlI bhAratIya saMskRti kA svara 'mUkamATI' meM gUMjA hai| kavi ne nArI tathA usake paryAyavAcI zabdoM kI anUThI kintu vyAkaraNika vyAkhyAe~ kI haiM : nArI- na + ari = jo kisI kI zatru na ho / jo Ari nahIM, vo naarii| mahilA- "jo/maha yAnI maMgalamaya mAhaula,/mahotsava jIvana meM lAtI hai mahilA kahalAtI vaha ||...mhii yAnI dharatI dhRti-dhAraNI jananI ke prati/apUrva AsthA jagAtI hai / aura puruSa ko rAstA batAtI hai/sahI-sahI gantavya kA mahilA kahalAtI vh|" (pR. 202) abalA "balA yAnI samasyA saMkaTa hai/na balA'"so ablaa|" (pR. 203) " 'ku' yAnI pRthivI/'mA' yAnI lakSmI/aura 'rI' yAnI denevAlI"/isase yaha bhAva nikalatA hai ki yaha dharA sampadA-sampannA/taba taka rhegii| jaba taka yahA~ 'kumArI' rhegii|" (pR. 204) strI " 's' yAnI sama-zIla saMyama/'trI' yAnI tIna artha haiM dharma, artha, kAma-puruSArthoM meM/puruSa ko kuzala-saMyata banAtI hai so strI kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 205) Age mAtR, sutA, duhitA Adi zabdoM kI navIna vyAkhyAe~ prastuta karake nArI samAja ke prati Adara aura AsthA bhAva mahAkAvya meM kavi ne prakaTa kie haiN| nArI kI garimA ko kRtikAra ne jahA~ bar3hAyA hai vahA~ usake kartavyoM ko bhI smaraNa karAnA vaha nahIM bhUlA hai| mAtRtva ke kartavya pUrNa kie binA usakA ukta pada prApta karanA sArthaka nahIM hotA : "suta ko prasUta kara/vizva ke sammukha prastuta karane mAtra se mA~ kA satItva vaha/vizruta - sArthaka nahIM hotA pratyuta,/suta-santAna kI susupta zakti ko/saceta aura zata-pratizata sazakta-/sAkAra karanA hotA hai, sat-saMskAroM se / ...santAna kI avanati meM/nigraha kA hAtha uThatA hai mA~ kA aura/santAna kI unnati meM/anugraha kA mAtha uThatA hai mA~ kA / " (pR. 148) AcaraNa se hI vyakti bar3A yA choTA hai / kavi ne samAja kI sthApita mAnyatA varNa, jAti, kula Adi kI vyavasthAoM ko nakArA nahIM hai kintu janma ke pazcAt AcaraNa ke anurUpa U~ce aura nIcepana ko svIkAra kiyA hai| "varNa kA Azaya/na raMga se hai/na hI aMga se varan/cAla-caraNa, DhaMga se hai / " (pR. 47) kavi ne apanI 'mAnasa taraMga' (pR. XXIV) meM likhA hai : "'saMkara-doSa' se bacane ke sAtha-sAtha varNa-lAbha ko mAnava jIvana kA audArya va sAphalya mAnA hai| jisane zuddha-sAttvika bhAvoM se sambandhita jIvana ko dharma kahA hai; jisakA
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________________ 432 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA prayojana sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanaitika aura dhArmika kSetroM meM praviSTa huI kurItiyoM ko nirmUla karanA aura yuga ko zubha saMskAroM se saMskArita kara bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a dekara vItarAga zramaNa saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA hai aura jisakA nAmakaraNa huA hai 'muukmaattii'|" ___ Aja ke artha pradhAna isa yaga meM sabhI arthopArjana kI pratispardhA meM nirata haiN| Apana peTa hAha, maiM na de hauM kAha' vAlI kahAvata caritArtha kara rahe haiM kintu isase samAja kA Arthika santulana bigar3akara logoM meM vikRta manovRttiyA~ janma letI rahatI haiN| kavi ne isakI vyaMjanA ina zabdoM meM kI hai : "artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatIM, artha kI lipsA ne bar3oM-bar3oM ko/nirlajja banAyA hai|" (pR.192) samAja kI patanonmukha sthiti se santa cintita haiN| aisI sthiti meM samAja ko dizAbodha denA santoM kA kartavya hotA hai| ve use sanmArga para le jAne kA prayatna karate haiN| ata: use udabodhana dete haiN| "aba dhana-saMgraha nahIM,/jana-saMgraha karo! aura/lobha ke vazIbhUta ho/aMdhAdhundha saMkalita kA samucita vitaraNa karo/anyathA, dhanahInoM meM/corI ke bhAva jAgate haiM, jAge haiN|" (pR. 467-468) santa svayaM aparigrahI haiM, ata: tyAga kA upadeza dene meM unakI vANI sakSama hai, kyoMki ve svayaM usa kasauTI para khare utare haiN| unameM korA vAk cAturya nahIM hai, kyoMki unakI mAnyatA hai ki kathanI-karanI meM antara hone se upahAsa kA pAtra bananA pdd'egaa| kavi ke hI zabdoM meM : "parIkSaka banane se pUrva/parIkSA meM pAsa honA anivArya hai, anyathA/upahAsa kA pAtra banegA vaha / " (pR. 303) 'mUkamATI' kA racanAkAra mAtra kavi hI nahIM, eka dharmAcArya bhI hai| prema, dayA aura karuNA kI bhAvanA ko vaha deza meM hI nahIM sImita rakhanA cAhate, balki ve cAhate haiM ki vizva ke sabhI prANI paraspara vaira bhAva bhUlakara maitrIbhAva sthApita kareM / tabhI to par3osI deza ke rASTrAdhyakSa (pAkistAna ke tatkAlIna rASTrapati janarala jiyA-ula-haka) ko udbodhana dete haiM : "paraspara kalaha huA tuma logoM meM/bahuta huA, vaha galata huaa| miTAne-miTane ko kyoM tule ho/...jIvana ko mata raNa banAo prakRti mA~ kA vraNa sukhAo !/sadaya bano!/adaya para dayA karo abhaya bano !/sabhaya para kiyA karo abhaya kI/amRta-maya vRSTi sadA sadA sadAzaya dRSTi/re jiyA, samaSTi jiyA karo!" (pR.149) svArthI, dambhI aura lobhI manuSya kI saMkIrNa bhAvanA kA jaba taka lopa nahIM hogA taba taka svastha samAja nahIM bana sakatA / santa kavi ne samAjavAda ko kisa prakAra paribhASita kiyA hai, dekhie : "samAja kA artha hotA hai samUha/aura/samUha yAnI sama-samIcIna Uha-vicAra hai/jo sadAcAra kI nIMva hai| kula milA kara artha yaha huA ki/pracAra-prasAra se dUra
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 433 prazasta AcAra-vicAra vAloM kA / jIvana hI samAjavAda hai / samAjavAda samAjavAda cillAne mAtra se / samAjavAdI nahIM banoge / " (pR. 461) Upara varNita samaSTi meM jIne kI bhAvanA hI saccA samAjavAda hai / sAhitya samAja kA darpaNa hotA hai| isa dRSTi se yadi hama 'mUkamATI' ko dekheM to pAe~ge ki Adhunika yuga kA samAja tathA sAmAjika vicAradhArA prastuta mahAkAvya meM pUrNarUpeNa citrita huI hai| prAcIna tathA sthApita mAnyatAoM ko kavi ne navIna rUpa meM udghATita bhI kiyA hai / sambandhoM kI naI vyAkhyAeM kI haiM aura zabdoM ke nae artha udbhAvita hue haiN| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM tatkAlIna samAja pratibimbita huA hai : " parantu kheda hai ki / lobhI pApI mAnava pANigrahaNa ko bhI / prANa- grahaNa kA rUpa dete haiM / prAya: anucita rUpa se / sevakoM se sevA lete / aura vetana kA vitaraNa bhI anucita hI / ye apane ko batAte / manu kI santAna ! / mahAmanA mAnava ! dene kA nAma sunate hI / inake udAra hAthoM meM pakSAghAta ke lakSaNa dikhane lagate haiM / " (pR. 386-387) yaha sArvabhaumika evaM sArvakAlika satya hai ki mAnava hI nahIM saMsAra kA pratyeka prANI ahiMsaka bhAva para hI nirbhaya hokara zAnti prApta kara sakatA hai / ata: 'parasparopagraho jIvAnAm' aura 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kI mahatI bhAvanAoM kI kavi ne puSTi kI hai / mahAkAvya ke prArambha meM hI mATI rUpI AtmA kI chaTapaTAhaTa ina zabdoM meM vyakta huI hai : " isa paryAya kI / iti kaba hogI ? / isa kAyA kI cyuti kaba hogI ? /batA do, mA~ ise !" (pR. 5) hindI ke mahAn kavi sva. jayazaMkara prasAda dvArA racita mahAkAvya 'kAmAyanI' meM pratIkAtmaka zailI meM mAnava mana kI vikAsa gAthA ko rUpAyita kiyA gayA hai to 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM kavi ne saMsAra ke prANI mAtra kI AtmA kI vikAsa yAtrA ke mArga kA citraNa kiyA hai / isa dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya hindI ke hI nahIM, apitu samasta bhAratIya bhASAoM kI zreSTha kRtiyoM meM parigaNita kie jAne yogya mahAkAvya hai| yugIna samAja kA pratinidhitva evaM yuga cetanA kA udghoSa karane vAlI isa kRti ko vidvAn lekhaka lakSmIcandra jaina ne 'Adhunika jIvana kA abhinava zAstra' kahA hai| prophesara zIlacandra jaina ne apanI kRti 'mUkamATI mahAkAvya : kAvyazAstrIya nikaSa' meM ise 'jIvana ke zAzvata satya kA nirUpaNa, mAnava jIvana kI mUlabhUta samasyAoM para vicAra evaM sampUrNa vizva mAnava samAja kA vizleSaNa - saMzleSaNa' mAnA hai / ata: 'mUkamATI' vizva sAhitya ke TI. esa. IliyaTa kRta 'vesTa laiMDa' tathA milTana ke 'pairADAiz2a laoNsTa' kAvyoM kI koTi meM AtA hai / niHsandeha 'mUkamATI' eka kAlajayI mahAkAvya hai jisa para samaya kI dhuMdha apanA prabhAva nahIM jamA skegii| ['arhat vacana' indaura - madhyapradeza, apraila- julAI, 1992 I.] O
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________________ 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM prayukta pramukha sUktiyoM kA mUlyAMkana ___DaoN. satIrAma siMha 'sarasa' AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara dvArA viracita 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya hindI sAhitya kI anupama kRti hai| AcAryajI ne eka aise kathya ko prastuta kiyA hai, jo AdikAla se lagabhaga upekSita rahA hai| Ama jIvana meM zAnta rUpa meM mATI para acche-acche vidvAn lekhaka apanI lekhanI se mATI ko pramukha kathya ke rUpa meM vyakta karane kI ora dRSTi nahIM DAla ske| AcAryajI ne sthAna-sthAna para mATI kI mahattA ko bala diyA hai / yaha eka mahAn paramparA ko sthApita karatA hai| __ AcAryajI ne isa mahAkAvya dvArA bhAratIya sabhyatA, saMskRti jo hamAre pUrvajoM se hameM virAsata meM milI hai, ko zAzvata jArI rakhate hue sthApita karane kA saphala prayatna kiyA hai| isameM sandeha nahIM ki yaha kRti Adhunika kAla kI eka mahAnatama upalabdhi hai| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM vidvAn lekhaka ne mAnavIya jIvana ke sabhI pahaluoM para dRSTipAta kiyA sUktiyoM ko 'sUtra vAkya' bhI kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra vijJAna, gaNita Adi meM sUtra (phArmUlA) hote haiM, ThIka usI prakAra ye mAnavIya malyoM para AdhArita satra vAkya haiN| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM prayukta sUktiyoM ko mukhyata: do rUpoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai : 1. paramparAgata sUktiyA~ 2. maulika sUktiyA~ paramparAgata sUktiyA~ : isa zreNI meM una sUktiyoM ko rakhA gayA hai, jo hameM pUrvajoM se virAsata meM milI haiN| ina sUktiyoM kA mAnavIya jIvana meM atyadhika mahattva hai / ye sUktiyA~ mAnavIya mUlyoM para AdhArita haiN| ina sUktiyoM ke pIche sUkti prayoktA kA kathya chipA rahatA hai / isa prakAra kI sUktiyA~ kama mAtrA meM prayoga kI gaI haiN| _ 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM isa zreNI kI pramukha sUktiyoM ko yahA~ spaSTa kiyA jA rahA hai : "pUta kA lakSaNa pAlane meN|" (pR. 14 evaM 482) isakA abhiprAya hai bhaviSya meM kyA hogA, usakA jJAta honA hai| isa sUkti se spaSTa hai ki bhaviSya ke prati mAnava ko kitanA AsthAvAn honA caahie| vaise bhI Avazyaka hai ki bhaviSya kI yojanA banAnA, bhaviSya ke prati saceta rahanA mAnava kA mahattvapUrNa kartavya hai / aisI hI AcAryajI ne maulika sUkti prayoga kI hai : 0 "AsthA ke binA rAstA nahIM/mUla ke.binA cUla nhiiN|" (pR. 10) "bAyeM hiraNa/dAyeM jAya-/laMkA jIta/rAma ghara aay|" (pR. 25) aisI sUkti meM kisI kArya karane se pUrva kArya kI saphalatA-asaphalatA kI AsthA rahatI hai / yaha zakunaapazakuna para AdhArita hai / zakuna-apazakuna pravRtti ko bhAratIya saMskRti meM atyadhika bala milA hai / jaba se AdhunikIkaraNa, pazcimIkaraNa kA prabhAva par3A hai, taba se yaha pravRtti samApta ho rahI hai| isakA artha hai kisI kArya karane se pUrva athavA yAtrA meM jAte samaya hiraNa athavA zubha pakSI mora Adi bAyIM dizA se dAhinI dizA kI ora manuSya se pUrva nikala jAe, to saphalatA nizcita milegii| "parasparopagraho jIvAnAm / " (pR. 41) mAnavIya samAja meM rahane vAle prANI paraspara sambaddha haiN| itanA hI nahIM, mAnava jIvana ke atirikta prakRti meM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 435 vidyamAna jIva-jantu bhI apane astitva kI rakSA ke lie eka-dUsare se sambaddha haiM, rahate haiN| "ahiMsA hI jIvana hai...|" (pR. 64) isa sUkti kA prayoga bhagavAn mahAvIra, mahAtmA buddha ke samaya meM bhI pracalita thaa| samrATa azoka ne bhI isakA pAlana kiyA / Adhunika kAla meM svatantratA ke samaya mahAtmA gA~dhI ne prayoga kiyA thaa| isakA artha hai ki mAnavIya jIvana meM hiMsA kA koI sthAna nahIM honA cAhie, kyoMki yadi hiMsA kA Azraya liyA gayA to phira bhI sAmAnya sthiti para AnA par3atA hai / isalie sAmAnya sthiti ko apanAkara jIvana ko sArthaka banAnA ucita hai / isa sUkti ko jaina dharma abhI bhI samAhita kie hue hai| "dhammo dyaa-visuddho|" (pR. 70) tathA __dhamma saraNaM gcchaami|" (pR. 70) dharma hI pavitratama karuNA athavA dayA hai| isalie sAttvika, pavitra tathA udAra vicAroM vAle vyakti ko dharma kA AcaraNa karanA caahie| yaha naitikatAvAdI sUkti hai| "muMha meM rAma/bagala meM churii|" (pR. 72) doharI nIti / yA aise kahie-kathanI aura karanI meM antara / manuSya yadi kisI ke sAtha kahatA kucha hai aura karatA kucha aura, to vaha vizvAsaghAtI hotA hai, jo mAnavIya mUlyoM ke samAptIkaraNa kI prakriyA hai| "dayA-dharma kA mUla hai|" (pR. 73) bhAratIya saMskRti ke sabhI dharmoM kA AdhAra hai- jIvoM para dayA karanA / arthAt dharma kA mUla dayA meM nihita hai| dayA karanA mAnava ko svayaM ucca sthAna prApta karanA hai, kyoMki badale kI bhAvanA se kArya karanA sabhI ke hitoM para kuThArAghAta hai| "dhamma saraNaM pvvjjaami|" (pR. 75) ____ vyakti bhautikavAdI jIvana mUlyoM se virakta hokara pravajyA grahaNa karake sacce arthoM meM dharma kA AcaraNa karatA hai / aisA vyakti hI dharmaniSTha mAnA jAtA hai / yaha sUkti bhI bhAratIya saMskRti ke naitikavAdI mUlyoM para AdhArita hai| "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam / " (pR. 82) ___ sampUrNa pRthvI hI parivAra hai| yaha mAnyatA bhAratIya saMskRti kA mUla bindu rahI hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM antararASTravAda tathA mAnavatAvAda nihita hai| yaha sUkti inhIM mUlyoM kA nidarzana hai| "acchA, burA to/apanA mana hotA hai|" (pR. 108) apanI icchA zakti / apane mana meM jaise vicAra soce jAte haiM vaise hI kArya kI pariNati hotI hai, kyoMki mana apanA hotA hai| isI sandarbha meM tulasIdAsajI ne kahA hai : "jAkI rahI bhAvanA jaisI, prabhu mUrata dekhI tina taisii|" isI
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________________ 436 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sandarbha meM ravidAsajI ne bhI kahA hai : "mana caMgA to kaThautI meM gaMgA'- arthAt mana svatantra hai| usako jaisA cAho, vaisA hI hogaa| "AdhA bhojana kIjie/duguNA pAnI pIva / tiguNA zrama cauguNI ha~sI/varSa savA sau jIva !" (pR. 133) svastha svAsthya / yaha eka Ayurvaidika sUtra hai tathA lambI umra aura acche svAsthya ke lie tathya hai / yadi koI manuSya bharapeTa bhojana na karake alpAhArI ho aura bhojana kI apekSA pAnI dugunA pIe, bhojana ke anupAta se parizrama tigunA kare aura sadaiva prasanna rahe athavA bhojana ke anupAta meM caugunA ha~satA rahe, to aisA manuSya nizcita rUpa se dIrghAyu hogaa| yaha eka nirvivAda satya hai| "Amada kama kharcA jyAdA/lakSaNa hai miTa jAne kaa| kUbata kama gussA jyAdA/lakSaNa hai piTa jAne kaa|" (pR. 135) apanI mUrkhatA kA paricaya denA hai| yadi Aya kama hai aura vyaya adhika kiyA jAya to mAnava kA sarvasva samApta ho jAtA hai tathA yadi vyakti kI kAryakSamatA kama hai aura akAraNa gussA adhika karatA hai to samAja meM usake piTane kA bhaya banA rahatA hai, jo ki mAnavIya jIvana ke lie anucita hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki mAnava ko apanI kSamatA se adhika nahIM calanA caahie| "saMsAra 99 kA cakkara hai|" (pR. 167) manuSya svAvalambI hai| isa saMsAra ke pratyeka manuSya kI atyadhika AkAMkSA rahatI hai / vaha pratyeka samaya bhogalipsA meM lipta rahatA hai / adhika se adhika dhana, aizvarya ekatra karane kA prayatna karatA hai| AcAryajI ne isa sandarbha ko do-tIna pRSThoM meM vizleSita kiyA hai| "AnA, jAnA, lagA huA hai|" (pR. 185) jIvana-mRtyu / isa sUkti meM AcAryajI ne sAMsArika pravRtti para mahattva DAlA hai| isa bhautika saMsAra meM AnA-jIvana prApta karanA, jAnA-mRtyu prApta karanA aura zAzvata-cirantana hai / jIvana-mRtyu kA krama hai / dUsare arthoM meM usakI prApti-samApti samAja kI vyavasthA hai| "satya-dharma kI jaya ho!" (pR. 216) satya amara hai, amiTa hai / pratyeka dharma ne satya ko grahaNa kiyA hai / satya eka aisA mApadaNDa hai jisameM sampUrNa mAnavatA kA kalyANa nihita hai / isIlie kahA bhI gayA hai "satyameva jayate' / vAstavikatA bhI yaha hai ki sadaiva satya vijayI hotA hai| "lakSmaNa-rekhA kA ullaMghana / " (pR. 217) AjJA pAlana na krnaa| yaha sUkti bhI cirantana hai / jisane bhI AjJA kA anupAlana nahIM kiyA hai vaha asaphalatA kA kAlagrahI banA hai| yaha eka aisA mApadaNDa hai jisako yadi na grahaNa kiyA jAe to vyaktigata rUpa se bhI vaha anucita
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 437 hotA hai / "dA~ta mile to cane nahIM,/cane mile to dA~ta nahIM, aura donoM mile to"/pacAne ko A~ta nahIM ...!" (pR. 318) samaya kI mahattA / pUrvajoM ne 'samaya' ko balavAn bhI kahA hai / yadi samaya para AvazyakatA kI pUrti nahIM hotI hai to jIvana-paryanta pazcAtApa karanA par3atA hai| "mATI, pAnI aura havA/sau rogoM kI eka dvaa|" (pR. 399) svastha svAsthya / hamAre zarIra meM miTTI, pAnI aura vAyu kA vizeSa mahattva hotA hai| yadi inameM se kisI kI bhI kamI ho jAtI hai to zarIra meM vikAra ho jAtA hai| Arya samAja tathA anya saMsthAoM ne isa Ayurvedika cikitsA paddhati ko bar3hAvA diyA hai| vyAyAma se zarIra svastha rahatA hai| isameM bhI tInoM kA samAveza hai| yadi ina tInoM kA AvazyakatAnusAra zarIra meM yoga rahatA hai to ve sahasra rogoM meM auSadhi kA kArya karate haiN| "bahatA pAnI aura ramatA jogii|" (pR. 448) parivartanazIlatA / prakRti ne bhI isa siddhAnta ko sucAru rUpa se kriyAnvita kiyA hai| kabhI grISma Rtu, kabhI zarada Rtu to kabhI varSA Rtu / isI prakAra jitanA bahate hue jala kA mahattva hai, utanA ruke jala kA nahIM aura yogI mahApuruSa ramatA huA hI zobhA detA hai| usI yoga sAdhanA kI kriyA se hI to yogI>jogI nAma par3A hai| "bina mA~ge motI mile/mA~ge mile na bhIkha / " (pR. 454) icchA na hone para vastu prApti tathA icchA hone para bhI tuccha se tuccha vastu prApta na honA / yaha sUkti sAMsArika pravRtti se prabhAvita hai / anicchA hone para koI bhI bahumUlya vastu prApta ho jAtI hai kintu yadi tuccha se tuccha vastu ko mA~gA jAya to vaha bhI usa samaya nahIM mila paatii| "cora itane pApI nahIM hote/jitane ki coroM ko paidA karane vAle / " (pR. 468) samAja meM coroM ko paidA karane vAle samAja ke lie doSI haiM / yahA~ racanAkAra ne samAja vyavasthA para coTa kI hai| yadi kucha loga aparAdhIkaraNa yA asAmAjikIkaraNa kI ora bar3hate haiM to ye duSpravattiyA~ unake jIvana meM paramparAgata sar3I-galI samAja vyavasthA se hI utpanna hotI haiN| isI ke prakSAlana tathA pariSkAra kI AvazyakatA hai| maulika sUktiyA~ : jo sUktiyA~ mUla rUpa meM prayukta kI gaI haiM, jinakA nirmANa, prayoga AcAryajI ne svayaM kiyA hai| ye sUktiyA~ bhI Ama jIvana se prabhAvita mAnavIya mUlyoM para avalambita haiM / lekhaka ne paramparAgata sUktiyoM kI apekSA maulika sUktiyoM kA adhika prayoga kiyA hai / sUktiyoM ke nirmANa, prayoga meM vidvAn lekhaka ne apanI vidvattA kA paricaya diyA hai| inakI pramukha maulika sUktiyA~ nimna prakAra se samAyojita kI gaI haiM : "sattA zAzvata hotI hai|" (pR. 7) ___vyavasthA cirantana hai / vastutaH sattA kA artha astitva se hai / prakRti tathA samAja kA astitva cirantana hai / koI bhI parivartana isakI dizA ko badala sakatA hai, lekina isake astitva ko samApta nahIM kara sktaa|
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________________ 438 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "asatya kI sahI pahacAna hI/satya kA avadhAna hai|" (pR.9) viveka ke sAtha asatya ko jAna lenA hI satya ke mUla taka pahu~canA hai| satya tathA asatya eka hI tattva ke do pakSa haiN| donoM eka-dUsare para Azrita haiN| donoM kI sApekSa sattA hai, nirapekSa nhiiN| "AsthA ke binA rAstA nahIM/mUla ke binA cUla nhiiN|" (pR. 10) binA AsthA asaphala honA / jaba taka vyakti kisI vizeSa kArya kI AsthA mastiSka meM nahIM rakhatA taba taka usakA mArga prazasta nahIM hotaa| yaha ThIka usI prakAra hai jisa prakAra jar3a ke binA cetanatA nahIM aatii| "yaha mur3ana-jur3ana kI kriyA,/he Arya ! kArya kI niSpatti taka/anivArya hotI hai..!" (pR. 29) samAja eka samajhautA hai| isa samAja meM jaba taka ApasI samajhautA nahIM ho, taba taka kArya-siddhi prApta nahIM hotii| "para kI dayA karane se/sva kI yAda AtI hai|" (pR.38) paropakAriyoM ko dUsaroM ke kArya ke prati sahayoga karane se hI svayaM ko jo santuSTi milatI hai, vahI apane Apako gauravAnvita honA hai| ___ "sva kI yAda hI/sva-dayA hai|" (pR. 38) AtmasmRti athavA AtmasAkSAtkAra hI sahI arthoM meM mAnavIya karuNA hai / yaha hRdaya kI udAra tathA sAttvika vRtti hai| "vAsanA kA vilAsa/moha hai,/dayA kA vikAsa/mokSa hai|" (pR. 38) vAsanA ko vilAsitA ke rUpa meM bhoganA hI moha hai, jo ki eka Adarza mAnava ke lie ucita nahIM hai / dayA kA vikAsa honA mokSa hai, jo ki mAnava kI pragati kA pravartaka hai / arthAt mAnava ko paropakArI honA cAhie aura moha se jIvanaparyanta bacanA hI zreyaskara hai| "vAsanA kI jIvana-paridhi/acetana hai "tana hai dayA-karuNA niravadhi hai|" (pR. 39) vAsanA kA kSetra saMjJA zUnya hai, deha hai| isako mahattva denA hAnikAraka hai / dayA aura karuNA ke kSetra ko mApA nahIM jA sakatA, yaha cirantana hai| "laghutA kA tyajana hI/gurutA kA yajana hI/zubha kA sRjana hai|" (pR. 51) tuccha ko tyAga denA arthAt mUroM kI saMgati svIkAra nahIM karanI caahie| mahApuruSoM kI ArAdhanA karanA, satsaMgati meM sammilita honA, zubha, kalyANa, pragati kA sRjana hai / isI se mAnava kA kalyANa sambhava hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 439 "saMyama kI rAha calo/rAhI bananA hI to/hIrA bananA hai / " (pR.56-57) zAnta, saMyamI honA / isa bhautika saMsAra meM saMyama rakhakara hI jIvanayApana karanA acchA hai / isa taraha kA jIvanayApana karanA apane Apako hIre ke samAna prasiddhi ke patha para pahu~cAnA hai| "sahadharmI sajAti meM hI/vaira vaimanaska bhAva paraspara dekhe jAte haiM !" (pR. 71) matabheda honA / samaliMgI jIvanoM meM matabheda adhika hotA hai| jaise ki zrI AcAryajI ne bhI kuttoM kA udAharaNa diyA hai / yahI mAnava kI prakRti hai ki vaha Apasa meM eka-dUsare ke prati ghRNA kA bhAva prakaTa karatA hai| sAtha hI dUsare kI burAI kara apane Apako bar3A siddha karane kI abhilASA rakhe hue hai / pariNAmasvarUpa ApasI baira isa prakAra hotA hai jaisA ki vartamAna meM deza yA samAja AtaMkavAda, ugravAda se grasita hai| "pratyeka vyavadhAna kA/sAvadhAna hokara sAmanA karanA/nUtana avadhAna ko pAnA hai / " (pR.74) ___ dRr3hasaMkalpI honA / mAnava ko jIvana meM sabhI samasyAoM kA sAvadhAnI se sAmanA karanA caahie| saphalatA bhI tabhI milatI hai| aisA jIvanayApana eka nae lakSya kI prApti kA paricAyaka hai| "doSoM se dveSa rakhanA/doSoM kA vikasana hai aura/guNoM kA vinazana hai|" (pR.74) jo vyakti sadaiva doSa darzana meM vizvAsa karate haiM ve saMskAravaza apane vyaktitva ko dveSamaya banA lete haiM aura unakI pravRtti acchAiyoM se haTakara burAiyoM kI ora bar3ha jAtI hai| "sat kI khoja meM lagI dRSTi hI/sat-yuga hai... sat ko asat mAnanevAlI dRSTi/svayaM kaliyuga hai...|" (pR. 83) vidvAn AcAryajI ne ina sUktiyoM meM satyuga aura kaliyuga ko paribhASita kiyA hai / satya ke prati AsthA tathA samarpita bhAvanA sat (satya) yuga hai tathA asatya ke prati anurAga tathA AkarSaNa kaliyuga hai| "puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI/mokSa hai, sAra hai|" (pR.93) jo vyakti prakRti ke parivartana ke sAtha-sAtha usameM samAhita rahatA hai vaha mana, vacana tathA zarIra Adi sabhI se svastha rahatA hai / yahI to mokSa hai aura yahI jIvana kA sAra hai| "kabhI kabhI phUla bhI/adhika kaThora hote haiM/"zUla se bhii|" (pR. 99) ___ AcAryajI ke anusAra phUla kA artha kAma bhAvanA tathA zUla kA artha rakSA ke upakaraNoM se hai / ata: rakSA ke upakaraNa bhale hI ghAtaka hoM parantu ve kAmuka pravRtti se pRthak samAja ke lie zreyaskara hote haiN| "dama sukha hai, sukha kA srota/mada duHkha hai, sukha kI mauta !" (pR. 102)
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________________ 440 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA indriyoM ko vaza meM rakhanA hI saccA sukha hai / ahaMkAra mRtyu hai tathA sukha kI samApti hai| "AghAta mUla para ho/ druma sUkha jAtA hai, do mUla meM salila to"/ pUraNa phUlatA hai|" (pR. 125) AdhAra kI rakSA Avazyaka hai / usake binA prAsAda kA nirmANa sambhava nhiiN| samAja kA prAsAda bhitti para AdhArita hotA hai, ata: bhitti kI sudRr3hatA ke sAtha rakSA honI caahie| jar3a meM pAnI doge to vRkSa phUlegA, phalegA kintu AghAta karoge to naSTa ho jaaegaa| "pUrA cala kara/vizrAma kro|" (pR. 129) kArya niSpatti / abhiprAya yaha hai ki jaba taka kArya meM saphalatA na mila jAe taba taka ThaharanA nahIM caahie| bhale hI kitane hI vyavadhAna kyoM na Ae~, tabhI parizrama saphala hotA hai / zAbdika artha ke rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai yAtrI ko apanI yAtrA pUrNa karake hI vizrAma karanA ucita hai / yadi vaha aisA nahIM karatA to puna: yAtrA meM ve hI kaThinAI phira upasthita hoMgI jisase parizrama niSphala jaaegaa| "rudratA vikRti hai vikAra/samiTa-zIlA hotI hai, bhadratA hai prakRti kA prakAra/amiTa-lIlA hotI hai|" (pR.135) krodha mAnava jIvana ko vikRta, malina tathA vinaSTa kara detA hai / ziva tattva grAhya tathA amara rahatA hai| "paramArtha tulatA nahIM kabhI/artha kI tulA meN|" (pR. 142) virodhAbhAsa / paropakAra ko kabhI bhI dhana ke samakakSa nahIM lAyA jA sakatA hai / paropakAra, parahita athavA janahita kA sthAna dhana se atyadhika U~cA hai| "apanA hI na aMkana ho/para kA bhI mUlyAMkana ho|" (pR.149) paropakArI bhAvanA kA vikAsa / manuSya ko kevala Atmakendrita nahIM honA cAhie / anya manuSya ke hitoM kA bhI pAlana karanA cAhie / mAnavIya mUlyoM kI upekSA karanA janahita meM nahIM hai / isalie svayaM ke atirikta anya vyaktiyoM ke hita meM hI usakA vikAsa nihita hai| "saba rasoM kA anta honA hI-/zAnta-rasa hai|" (pR. 160) dRr3hatA dhAraNa karanA / pratyeka manuSya kI prakRti bhinna-bhinna hotI hai| vaha sabhI rasoM kA AsvAda karatA hai| ina saba rasoM meM zAnta rasa sarvopari hai| isa sambandha meM yaha kahanA samIcIna hogA ki sabhI mahApuruSoM ne 'zAnti' ke mArga kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| "para-sampadA haraNa kara saMgraha karanA/moha-mUrchA kA atireka hai|"(pR. 189) ajJAnatA tathA vinAza kA AdhAra parAvalambI bananA hai / yaha sUkti Adhunika rAjanaitika tathA vyApArika yuga meM saTIka tathA sArthaka siddha hotI hai /
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________________ "laghu hokara gurujanoM ko / bhUlakara bhI pravacana denA mahA ajJAna hai du:kha-mudhA / " (pR. 218 ) mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 441 kRtaghna honA / tuccha hokara apane guruoM ko anajAne meM bhI upadeza denA apane Apako andhakAra meM DhakelanA hai, du:khoM ko AmantraNa denA hai| yaha ThIka usI prakAra hai jisa taraha eka mahAajJAnI hotA hai / " hiMsA kI hiMsA karanA hI / ahiMsA kI pUjA hai "prazaMsA / " (pR. 233) zAntipriya honA / hiMsA ko hiMsA rUpa meM na apanAkara usakI samApti karanA hI ahiMsA ke mArga kA prazasta honA hai | ahiMsA se hI mAnavatA kA sarvAMgINa vikAsa sambhava hai / yahA~ para vidvAn lekhaka ne Aja kI pramukha dhAraNA nirastrIkaraNa para bala diyA hai / "mahApuruSa prakAza meM nahIM Ate / AnA bhI nahIM cAhate, prakAza-pradAna meM hI/unheM rasa AtA hai|" (pR.245) mahApuruSa to svayaM prakAza hote haiM, jIvana jyoti dete haiM / unako mAnavIya mUlya sthApita karane meM Ananda AtA hai / ve svayaM ko prakAzita nahIM krte| yaha ThIka usI prakAra hai jisa taraha sUrya pUrI prakRti ko prakAza detA hai| " jisakI kartavya niSThA vaha / kASThA ko chUtI milatI hai usakI sarvamAnya pratiSThA to / kASThA ko bhI pAra kara jAtI hai| " (pR. 258) jo vyakti apane karttavyoM meM sarvasparzI hai vaha lokapriya hotA hai| usakI lokapriyatA sarvAMgI hotI hai / "jala aura jvalanazIla anala meM / antara zeSa rahatA hI nahIM sAdhaka kI antara- dRSTi meM / " (pR. 267) saccA sAdhaka krodha aura karuNA kI bhUmiyoM para samadarzI hotA hai / " nirbala-janoM ko satAne se nahIM, / bala-saMbala de bacAne se hI balavAnoM kA bala sArthaka hotA hai|" (pR. 272 ) balavAnoM kA bala tabhI sArthaka siddha hotA hai jaba ki ve nirbaloM ko na satAe~ tathA bala ko adhika sudRr3ha banAe~ / isa sambandha meM kabIradAsajI ne kahA hai : "durbala ko na satAie, jAkI moTI hAya / muI khAla kI dhoMkanI, sAra bha ho jAya / " apanI kasauTI para apane ko kasanA / bahuta sarala hai, para sahI-sahI nirNaya lenA bahuta kaThina hai|" (pR. 276) svArthaparatA honA / apane Apako saphala siddha karanA pratyeka mAnava ke lie bahuta sarala hai kintu ucita aura mAnavIya mUlyoM para nirNaya lenA atyadhika kaThina hai / yaha koI sAdhAraNa mAnava kA kArya nahIM apitu mahApuruSa hI aisA kara sakane meM sakSama hai /
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________________ 442 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "mana-vAMchita phala milanA hI/udyama kI sImA mAnI hai|" (pR. 284) kAryasiddhi honA / AzAtIta phala prApta ho jAne se udyamI kA prayatna saphala ho jAtA hai / yahI usakI sImA hai, lakSya hai, dhyeya hai| "binA santoSa, jIvana sadoSa hai|" (pR.339) ___ santuSTa honA / pratyeka mAnava ko apane kAryoM se santuSTi prApti honA usake jIvana ko saphala mAnanA hai / yadi vaha santuSTa nahIM hotA to usakA jIvana doSI hai, nirdoSa nahIM hai| "santa-samAgama kI yahI to sArthakatA hai saMsAra kA anta dikhane lagatA hai|" (pR. 352) sajjanoM kI saMgata se sAdhaka saMsAra kI anityatA tathA nazvaratA ko jAna jAtA hai| "phUMka mArane se mazAla bujha nahIM sakatA bujhAne vAle kA jIvana hI bujha sakatA hai|" (pR. 369) yadi koI mAnava apane hita ke lie dUsaroM kA vinAza karatA hai yA aisA karane kA prayAsa karatA hai to vaha dUsaroM kA kucha nahIM kara sakatA apitu usakA jIvana hI vinaSTa ho jaaegaa| parahita athavA janahita meM apanA jIvana saphala ho jAtA hai| "dhyeya yadi caMcala hogA, to/kuzala dhyAtA kA zAnta mana bhI caMcala ho uThegA hii|" (pR. 369) lakSya kI nizcitatA hI prayatna tathA sAdhanoM ke prayoga kI saphalatA hai| "AdhAra kA hilanA hI/Adheya kA hilanA hai|" (pR. 379) Adheya kA astitva AdhAra para avalambita hai| "prIti binA rIti nahIM/aura/rIti binA gIta nahIM / " (pR. 391) prema se vyavahAra tathA AcaraNa kI pavitratA prApta hotI hai tathA usase jIvana meM mAdhurya, sampannatA tathA samRddhi prApta hotI hai| "prakRti kA prema pAye binA/puruSa kA puruSArtha phalatA nhiiN|" (pR. 395) puruSa kA pauruSa prakRti ke anukUla calane meM hI sArthaka siddha hotA hai, arthAt prakRti kI anukUlatA hI jIvana hai aura prakRti kI pratikUlatA hI mRtyu hai| "satpuruSoM se milane vAlA/vacana-vyApAra kA prayojana parahita-sampAdana hai|" (pR. 402)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 443 sajjana puruSoM athavA mahApuruSoM dvArA vyakta vANI se jo AdAna-pradAna hotA hai, usakA artha ekAMgI nahIM hai| vaha sampUrNa mAnavatA kA sarvAMgINa vikAsa karatI hai| mahApuruSoM kI vANI meM, unakI soca meM paropakArI bhAvanA nihita hotI hai| "saMhAra kI bAta mata karo,/saMgharSa karate jAo ! hAra kI bAta mata karo,/utkarSa karate jAo !" (pR. 432) saMgharSazIla honA / kabhI bhI vinAza kI bAta mata soco| 'saMgharSa hI jIvana hai'- isa siddhAnta kA pAlana karate hue Age bar3hate jAo / prayAsa karate calo, hAra kI bAta mata soco / "padavAle hI padopalabdhi hetu/para ko pada-dalita karate haiM, pApa-pAkhaNDa karate haiN|" (pR. 434) svArthaparatA / jinake pAsa mAna hai, pada hai, ve hI pada pAne kI lAlasA meM dUsaroM ko kucalate haiN| usameM unakA svArtha nihita hotA hai| aise hI lAlasA vAle pApa ko janma dete haiM, pAkhaNDa karate haiM jo svastha evaM Adarza samAja ke lie upayukta nahIM hai| "kaI sUktiyA~/preraNA detI paMktiyA~ kaI udAharaNa-dRSTAnta/nayI purAnI dRSTiyA~ / " (pR.473) ___ mahApuruSoM kI vANI cAhe purAtana hoM athavA navIna hoM, ve samAja ke lie preraNA hotI haiN| dekhane se ye mAtra paMktiyA~ hI dRSTigocara hotI haiN| inake dvArA jo udAharaNa- dRSTAnta die gae hote haiM, ve samAja ke lie varadAna siddha hote haiN| unhIM ke AdhAra para Adhunika samAja kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai| "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI/dharatI yh|" (pR. 441) vidvAn AcAryajI ne ina paMktiyoM meM vartamAna kI vikaTa, jvalanta samasyA AtaMkavAda ko vizleSita kiyA hai, jo ki eka sUkti kA rUpa dhAraNa kara sammukha hai| unhoMne sahI likhA hai ki jaba taka AtaMkavAda isa pRthvI para rahegA taba taka yahA~ ke mAnava zAnti kI sA~sa nahIM le sakate, aura yadi zAnti nahIM hogI to pragati nahIM hogI apitu vinAza kI ora hI agrasara hotA rhegaa| yaha AtaMkavAda bhArata hI nahIM, Aja sampUrNa vizva meM vyApta hai| bhArata meM isakA ugra rUpa hai, kyoMki isake aneka prAntoM meM yaha Aga lagI huI hai| "jo/nizchaloM se chala karate haiM jala-devatA se bhI jalA karate haiN|" (pR. 447) jo vyakti nizchaloM se arthAt sAdhAraNa mAnava se chala-kapaTa karate haiM, unakA isa prakRti meM koI sthAna nahIM hai| jala, jisakI prakRti zAnta hotI hai, jIvana detA hai / vaha bhI usako zAnti nahIM de sakatA / aise mAnava se vaha bhI khinna rahatA hai|
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________________ 444 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA " salila kI apekSA / anala ko bA~dhanA kaThina hai / " (pR. 472) zAnti ko bA~dhA jA sakatA hai / ugravAda, AtaMkavAda ko nahIM bA~dhA jA sakatA / " parta se kendra kI ora / jaba mati hone lagatI hai anartha se artha kI ora / taba gati hone lagatI hai|" (pR. 475 ) mana kI ekAgratA tathA ekaniSThatA hI mAnava jIvana ke vikAsa kA mUla hai| " upAdAna - kAraNa hI / kArya meM DhalatA hai yaha akATya niyama hai / " (pR. 481) nimitta kAraNa kI apekSA upAdAna kAraNa kArya se sIdhA sambandha rakhatA hai / arthAt upAdAna kAraNa hI kArya rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai, nimitta nahIM / Upara jina sUktiyoM kA vivecana kiyA hai unameM adhikAMza sUktiyA~ vartamAna mAnavIya jIvana se sambaddha haiM / 'mUkamATI' meM naitikatAvAdI, prakRtivAdI tathA Adhunika AtaMkavAdI pariveza se jur3I sUktiyoM kI pradhAnatA hai / jahA~ racanAkAra ne paramparAgata sUktiyoM ko nae sandarbha meM prayoga karake nae AyAma dene kA prayAsa kiyA hai, vahIM navIna tathA maulika sUktiyoM ko nitAnta sandarbha sApekSa banAyA hai| pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki ye navIna sUktiyA~ mAnava jIvana ke sabhI pakSoM ko nae racanAtmaka AyAma pradAna kareMgI tathA mAnava jIvana ko mAnaka, Adarza tathA naI dizA pradAna kreNgii| pR. 8 aura yaha bhI dekhadaladala meM badala jAtI hai| O
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________________ a-mUka 'mUkamATI' lAlacandra harizcandra jaina 'dharma-maMgala' (pAkSika) meM maiMne pahalI bAra 'mUkamATI' kAvya ke sambandha meM par3hA / bAda meM mUla grantha dekhane ko milA to isake mukhapRSTha ko dekhakara sahasA maiM svayaM se hI pUcha uThA ki isameM maMgala kalaza hai, cakra hai, parvata-sI mATI hai phira nirmala bahatI saritA kyoM nahIM ? grantha ko kholakara jaba par3hane lagA to uttara milA- "bhole prANI ! kAvya saritA yahA~ baha rahI hai, to bAhara dIkhe hI kyoM, jaba vaha antarnimagnA hai|" yaha kAvya cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai / cauthe khaNDa kA vistAra adhika hai / kyA sacamuca yaha mahAkAvya hai athavA khaNDa kAvya hai yA santa kAvya hai ? mujhe to gatimAna, rUkSa vartamAna yuga meM yaha 'vasanta kAvya' lgaa| kucha bhI kaho, kAvya acchA hai / kAvya agara kalA hai, vaha jIvana meM saundarya banakara abhivyakta hotI hai to 'mUkamATI' darzanIya hai / AcArya vidyAsAgara kA caritra maiMne par3hA nahIM kintu bhAvAtmaka paricaya dene ke lie 'mUkamATI' 'amUka' ho uThI / isIlie 'amUka mUkamATI' yaha zIrSaka maiMne diyaa| ___pahale sahasA maiM kalpanA kara rahA thA ki kahIM aisA na ho 'gatAnugatikatA' kA anubhava zabda racanA meM bhI ho| gatAnugatikatA Adarza nirmala paramparA meM honI caahie| Aja nae yuga meM vAcaka anuraMjana priya hai| "kSaNe kSaNe yannavatAmupaiti tadeva rUpaM ramaNIyatAyAH" arthAt navInatA pratikSaNa navIna hotI hai to vaha ramaNIyatA kA rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai, aisA 'zizupAla vadha' kAvya meM kahA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke pratyeka khaNDa meM ramaNIyatA hai kyoMki AcAryajI jina zabdoM kI racanA karate haiM, ve kAvya banakara sAkAra hote haiM / ramaNIyatA kAvya kA abhinna aMga hai / isa kAvya meM kAvyAnanda to hai hI, usase adhika mahattva to yaha hai ki isameM AdhyAtmika sadAcAra varNita hai / koI kucha bhI kahe, jIvana kA lakSya cirantana saundarya kI upalabdhi hI honA hai| yaha kAvya usakA pratinidhitva karatA hai / isIlie AcAryazrI kahate haiM : "bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA/AmUla miTa jAnA hI/mokSa hai| isI kI zuddha-dazA meM/avinazvara sukha hotA hai|" (pR. 486) kAvya kA mUlyAMkana maiM kyA karU~ ? nirmala digambarI dIkSAdhArI pratyakSa 'vidyA-sAgara' kI racanA kA maiM alpajJa saMsArI jIva mUlyAMkana kyA karU~ ? merA to kartavya hai ki kAvya rasa kA AkaNTha pAna kruuN| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara AdhyAtmika santa haiN| isa kAvya meM adhyAtma dhArA svAdhIna bhAva se baha rahI hai| pUre adhyAtma ko yahA~ thor3e zabdoM meM utAranA to ho nahIM sakatA, phira bhI kucha paMktiyA~ vAcakoM ke sAmane rakhane kA moha maiM sa~vAra nahIM sktaa| seTha ko upadeza dete hue kahate haiM : "svAzrita jIvana jiyA karo" (pR. 387) / ThIka hI hai, unnati kA AdhAra 'sva' hI hai| usakA AdhAra lene para jIvana Ananda bhavana hai| usake binA bhava-vana to hai hii| usake pUrva hI kaha DAlA hai : "svabhAva samatA se vimukha huA jIvana/amaratva kI ora nahIM/samaratva kI ora, maraNa kI ora, lur3haka rahA hai" (pR. 381) / svabhAva meM jama jAnA sArtha jIvana hai| vibhAva meM par3e haiM, isIlie to hama saMsArI hokara duHkha bhoga rahe haiN| Age bhI yahI duHkha bhoganA hamArA kartavya nahIM hai| "cetanA kA jIvana hI/jhalaka AtA hai" (pR. 37) -isa vicAra dhArA ko pAtheya banAkara hama Ananda ke mArga para cleN| "hamArI upAsya-devatA/ahiMsA hai"(pR. 64) usakA pAlana hameM karanA hai to "karuNA kA kendra vaha/saMvedana dharmA 'cetana hai"(pR. 39) isako dhyAna meM rakhanA hai|
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________________ : mUkamATI-mImAMsA 446 :: saMyama kA jIvana meM sarvazreSTha mahattva hai / pAithAgorasa ne bhI kahA hai : "No man is free who cannot command himself." saMyama kA mahattva samajhane ke lie prathama to vaicArika pRSTha bhUmi samatala aura nirmala honI caahie| "vAsanA kA vilAsa/moha hai" (pR. 38) yaha samajhakara hama vAsanA ko saMkSipta kareM yA miTA DAleM / "mana ke gulAma mAnava kI / jo kAmavRtti hai / tAmasatA kAya-ratA hai/ vahI sahI mAyane meM / bhItarI kAyaratA hai !" (pR. 94 ) / isa bhItarI kAyaratA ko chor3anA hai| AcAryazrI kahate haiM: "dama sukha hai,... / mada du:kha hai..." (pR. 102 ) / saMyama kA upadeza isase acchA bhalA kyA ho sakatA hai ? isa prakAra vaicArika pRSThabhUmi ko nirmala banAkara - "sthira mana hI vaha / mahAmantra hotA hai" (pR. 109) yaha jAnakara " apane Apa meM bhAvita honA hI / mokSa kA dhAma hai" (pR. 109 - 110) yaha samajhanA hai / usako "sAkAra karanA hotA hai, sat-saMskAroM se" (pR. 148) / zabda kA saMyojana AcAryazrI isa taraha karate haiM ki vaha sUkti bana jAe, jaise"siddhAnta apanA nahIM ho sakatA / siddhAnta ko apanA sakate hama " (pR. 415 ) ; "kyA darzana aura adhyAtma / eka jIvana ke do pada haiM ?" (pR. 287); " adhyAtma svAdhIna nayana hai /... svastha jJAna hI adhyAtma hai" (pR. 288 ); "sva kI upalabdhi hI sarvopalabdhi hai" (pR. 340); " naimittika pariNAma kathaMcit parAye haiM" (pR. 305 ); "ahaM se yadi prIti ho/ to suno ! / carama se bhIti dharo / zama- dharo / sama varo !" (pR. 355 ); "jJAna kA jAnanA hI nahIM / jJeyAkAra honA bhI svabhAva hai" (pR. 381) / vuDavartha ke anusAra smRti kA sIkhanA, dhAraNa karanA, punarAvartana aura pahicAnanA - ye cAroM prakriyAe~ zabdAlaMkAra se sulabha ho jAtI haiN| zAyada isIlie zabdAlaMkAra kA yatra-tatra upayoga hai| hA~, itanI sAvadhAnatA hai ki kevala zabdacchala na ho / mAnanA hogA ki zabda jaba alaMkAra banate haiM to punarjAgaraNa ke lie upayogI hote haiM : "nizA kA avasAna ho rahA hai / uSA kI aba zAna ho rahI hai|" (pR. 1 ) ina paMktiyoM meM 'muraja bandha' jaisI racanA camatkRti kA paricaya dene ke sAtha-sAtha prastutIkaraNa kI spaSTatA bhI hai / dharma kA mUla srota ahiMsA hai| 'dayA' yaha mantra hai, use 'yAda' rakhanA kartavya hai, yaha batAte hue AcAryazrI kahate haiM : "sva kI yAda hI / sva- dayA hai" (pR. 38) / zabda camatkRti ke prastutIkaraNa ko yahA~ adhyAtma - upadeza kA mor3a diyA hai / viloma paddhati kA vicAra sampreSaNa ke lie acchA upayoga kiyA hai| zabda ko sAmarthya to usakI samIcIna yojanA detI hai / 'rAhI', 'rAkha', 'lAbha', 'rasanA' ityAdi ye aise hI zabda haiM, jo sazakta bane haiM / zabdoM ke dhanI honA 'raTana' se ho sakatA hai, kintu usa zabda dhana ko sucAru rUpa se rasikoM ke sAmane rakhanA aura unheM saundarya - dAna denA, amlAna pratibhA ke hI hAtha se sambhava hai| 'kumbha, 'rassI, 'mara, hama marahama baneM' tathA 'aparAdhIna' jaise aneka zabda haiM jinake arthoM ko gambhIratA se DhAlA hai / pR. 64 para 'AdamI' kA aisA artha kiyA hai ki artha batAte kartavya ko bhI batA diyA / kavitA kI vyAkhyA Ajakala to khujalAhaTa hI hotI jA rahI hai / zabdoM ko manamAnI saMyojanA meM DhAlakara vAcakoM ke sAmane prastuta kiyA jAtA hai tathA gadya ke pariccheda kI yatra-tatrAnupUrvI se racanA kI jAtI hai| usakA 'mukta chanda' nAmakaraNa hotA hai / Ajakala kI vyAkhyA aura prayAsa ko dUra rakhakara AcAryazrI ne apanI kavitA ko sukhada sAdhanA kI anubhUti se otaprota kiyA hai / pR. 124 para 'apanA lo' zabda ko, puruSArtha jo zreyaskara hotA hai, nirmala rUpa se sAmane rakhA hai| kavitA ko Aja adhika se adhika logoM taka pahu~canA hai| usake lie 'mUkamATI' amUka hokara vihAra karatI / kAvya amara kalA hai, to use kaisA rUpa denA cAhie, isakI jAnakArI (Information) to hara kavi ko hotI hai,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA : : 447 kintu usake ucita jJAna (Knowledge) ko AcAryazrI ne isa kAvya ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai / isa kAvya meM prayukta zabda 'gorakha dhaMdhA' nahIM haiM, ve zabda to saundarya aura satya meM abhivyakta hue haiM / " AtmotthAna ke lie kisI parokSa zakti kI sahAyatA apekSita nahIM hai| isIlie "apanA svAmI Apa hai" (pR. 185) kahA aura " 'puruSa' yAnI AtmA-paramAtmA hai / 'artha' yAnI prAptavya - prayojana hai" (pR. 349) kahA hai| aura bhI kahA hai : "saba ko chor3akara / apane Apa meM bhAvita honA hI / mokSa kA dhAma hai" (pR.109-110 ) / DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ne eka jagaha likhA hai : "jaina kAvyoM ke nAyakoM kA lakSya na to mahAbhArata ke samAna khoe hue rAjya ko prApta karanA hai aura na rAmAyaNa ke samAna paitRka adhikAra ko hI punaH hastagata karanA hai, balki unake jIvana kA lakSya cirantana saundarya kI upalabdhi karanA hai|" aisA hote hue bhI tIrthaMkara yA anya koI mahApuruSa ko nAyaka ke rUpa meM svIkAra na karake 'mATI' ko kyoM svIkAra kiyA, yaha prazna sAmane AtA maiMne pahale hI kahA hai ki Aja nae yuga meM vAcaka anuraMjana priya hai| usake lie sAhitya yA kalA meM nayApana DhU~r3hanA vAcaka kI prakRti hai| mATI jar3a hai, kSudra hai, isameM kahane ke lie hai hI kyA ? kyA kahA hogA munirAja ne ? kyA mATI para bhI mahAkAvya ho sakatA hai ?ina praznoM kA uttara DhU~r3hane ke lie svAbhAvikatayA vAcaka grantha ko par3hane lagatA hai, par3hate-par3hate pahale khaNDa meM hI mana nAda mAdhurya se itanA Andolita hotA hai ki vaha Age bhI ruci se par3hatA hai / mAnA jAtA hai ki kAvya kA prayojana AtmAbhivyakti hotA hai / usake lie kavi ke anubhava to nitAnta vaiyaktika hote haiM, phira bhI vaha una vaiyaktika bhAvoM ko, bhAvoM kI ekasUtratA se samaSTi rUpa meM parivartita kara detA hai / eka paramopakArI aura paropakArI sAdhu kI AtmAbhivyakti usa uttuMga anubhUti taka manuSya ko pahu~cA detI hai, jahA~ anubhUti anirvacanIya hotI hai aura kahIM-kahIM to Atmonnati kA sUtra bana jAtI hai / zAnta rasa kI racanA hai yaha kAvya / nAyaka - caritra nAyaka nIrasa, jar3a, amUrta yA kSudra kathya ko sarala aura madhura banA denA rasasiddha kavi kA hI kArya ho sakatA hai| rasasiddhatA kA acchA paricaya isa kAvya meM vAcaka ko hotA hai| hA~, eka bAta maiM aura kahanA cAhatA hU~ isa kAvya ko sAmAnya vAcaka bana kara na par3ho, eka rasika bana kara par3ho to aura bhI Ananda meM vRddhi hogii| 'narmadA kA narama kaMkara, 'totA kyoM rotA ?', 'cetanA ke gaharAva meM' aura 'DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI' - ye kAvya saMgraha bhI ApakI kRtiyA~ haiM / maiMne abhI ye kRtiyA~ par3hI nahIM, kintu vizvAsa ke sAtha mujhe kahanA hogA ki ye kRtiyA~ bhI uccakoTi kI hoNgii| vAcakoM yA rasikoM ko acchA kAvyAnanda lenA ho to unheM cAhie ki aisI utkRSTa kAvyadhArA meM svayaM ko bahA leM / pR. 11 itanA hI nahIM, niraMtara abhyAsa bAda skhalana sambhava hai;
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : AdhyAtmika mahAkAvya DaoN. parazurAma 'virahI' 'mUkamATI' adhyAtma stara para racita mahAkAvya ke nAma se prakAzita zreSTha koTi kI racanA hai, mahAgrantha hai / 'mUkamATI' meM jo kAvya racanA hai, use maiM santa kI AtmA kA saMgIta mAnatA hU~, santa bhI ve jo sAdhanA ke jIvanta rUpa hote haiM / grantha kI bhUmikA meM kahA gayA hai ki mATI nAyikA hai, kumbhakAra nAyaka hai / yaha to AdhyAtmika romAMsa hai| isa AdhyAtmika romAMsa ke lie kabIra ne bar3A prayatna kiyaa| kabIra ke pAsa do pakSa haiM - eka sahaja pakSa to dUsarA kaThina pakSa, jise haThayoga bhI kahate haiN| isa haThayoga meM chaha cakroM ko bhedane ke lie ve jIva ko prastuta karate haiM jo sahaja rUpa darzAne ke lie rAma kI bahuriyA haiN| AcAryapravara ne isa grantha meM una sahaja samAdhi kI sthitiyoM kA prarUpaNa bahuta sahajatA se kara diyA hai / jana sAmAnya taka pahu~cAne ke lie mIrA jisa sahaja bhAva meM lIna ho jAtI thIM, ThIka usI bhAva meM AcAryazrI ne isa 'mUkamATI' mahAgrantha meM jagaha-jagaha para aise sthala - -bindu sahajatA se upasthita kara die haiM jo jana sAmAnya taka sIdhe pahu~ca kara usake antas ko chU lete haiM / bhAratIya darzana meM Atma tattva ko prakAza ke svarUpa meM batalAyA gayA hai| AcAryapravara ne bhI usI ora hamArA saMketa kiyA hai| prakAza kA svarUpa gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ne yoM batalAyA hai : " viSaya karaNa sura jIva sametA, sakala eka se eka sacetA / saba kara parama prakAsaka joI, rAma anAdi avadhapati soI / ' "" AcAryapravara vidyAsAgarajI ne 'mUkamATI' ke dUsare khaNDa meM parama svarUpa kI carcA kI hai aura usa taka pahu~ca sIdhe mArga ko sahajatayA samajhAne ke lie saMskRta ke kliSTa zabdoM meM bhI prakaTa kara diyA / AcAryazrI ne isameM jo zabdoM kA ulaTaphera kiyA hai, usa sambandha meM yaha kahanA cAhU~gA ki Ajakala kI samakAlIna kavitA meM yahI zilpa hai| vastuta: ye bahuta kaThina zilpa hai aura isakA nirvAha bhI bahuta kaThina hai, parantu AcAryapravara ne isa vizAlakAya grantha meM use bhI bahuta saralatayA rIti se zilpa kI vidhA ko AtmasAt kara spaSTa dizA dI hai| zrIkAnta varmA ne eka kavitA meM isa zilpa ke mAdhyama se hI kAvya samIkSA kI hai| vastuta: samakAlIna kavitA kA zilpa vidhAna hI aisA hai ki usameM hera-phera aura ulaTa-pulaTa kara diyA jAtA hai, jise arthAbhAsa kahanA caahie| isa vidhA se eka bhinna prakAra kI dhvanyAtmakatA prakaTa kI jAtI hai aura isa dhvanyAtmakatA se vyakti ke bhItara eka viziSTa Ananda kI utpatti hotI hai| yahI Ananda paramAnanda svarUpa hai| prasAdajI ne kahA hai : 66 'jJAna dUra kucha, kriyA bhinna hai, / icchA kyoM pUrI ho mana kI ? eka dUsare se mila na sake / yaha viDambanA hai jIvana kI !" jJAna aura kriyA kA samanvaya karane kA mArga AcAryapravara ne isa 'mUkamATI' meM sahaja rUpa se pradarzita kiyA hai aura hama sabhI kA AhvAna kiyA hai ki isa samIcIna mArga ko dhAraNa kara apane jIvana ko saphala evaM Adarzamaya banAe~
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : Adhyatmika jIvana kI dena paM. bha~vara lAla jaina AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI yaha eka anUThI racanA hai jisane anUThI sUjha ke AdhAra para hI eka mahAkAvya rUpa le liyA hai / sAdhAraNa-sI vastu mATI, jisakA janasAdhAraNa kI naz2aroM meM koI mahattva nahIM, dArzanika kavi ne sAdhanA ke bala para usameM mahAnatA ke darzana kie aura mATI kI usa mUka mahAnatA ko kAvya meM nibaddha kara use pahu~cA diyA Upara, mahAkAvya ke rUpa tk| yaha sAdhAraNa kArya nahIM, eka alaukika pratibhA kaheM, tapaHpUta sAdhanA kaheM yA kaheM AdhyAtmika jIvana kI dena ! sAhitya, kalA, darzana aura siddhAnta sabhI bhare haiM- isa 'mUkamATI' meM / prazna uThatA hai ki kyA nahIM hai 'mUkamATI' meM, jise 'mUkamATI' ke kalAkAra ne chor3A ho ? kahIM tor3A maror3A nahIM, svAbhAvika rUpa meM jor3A haiM / isakI bhASA prAMjala aura sarala hai evaM bhAvoM kI abhivyakti meM sakSama hai| 'kamATI' kAvya svataHprasUta AlaMkArika chaTA se ota-prota hai / vIra, karuNA, vAtsalya, zRMgAra Adi sabhI kAvyagata rasoM kI kAvya rUpa meM vyAkhyA dete hue kavi kI apUrva pratibhA ke darzana hote haiM : " isa karuNA kA svAda / kina zabdoM meM kahU~ ! gara yaqIna ho/ namakIna A~suoM kA / svAda hai vaha !" (pR. 155 ) karuNA aura zAnta rasa ke bheda batAte hue 'mUkamATI' meM likhA hai : " karuNA rasa meM / zAnta - rasa kA antarbhAva mAnanA / bar3I bhUla hai / uchalatI huI upayoga kI pariNati vaha / karuNA hai / nahara kI bhA~ti ! aura / ujalI-sI upayoga kI pariNati vaha / zAnta rasa hai / nadI kI bhA~ti !" (pR. 155) isI prakAra zRMgAra rasa kA citraNa karate hue kavi mATI ko batAtA hai : O "borI meM bharI jA rahI hai / borI ke donoM chora banda haiM / bIcoM-bIca mukha hai aura / sAvaraNA sAbharaNA / lajjA kA anubhava karatI, / navavivAhitA tanUdarA ghU~ghaTa meM se jhA~katI-sI / bAra - bAra basa, / borI meM se jhA~ka rahI hai / " (pR. 30-31) rasa ke bAre meM kavi kahatA hai : " mahAsattA mATI kI bAhuoM se / phUTa rahA vIra rasa aura/pUcha rahA hai zilpI se vaha / ki /... vIroM se stuta yaha vIra rasa prastuta hai / sadiyoM se vIrya pradAna kiyA hai, / yuga ko isane ! lo! pI lo pyAlA bhara-bhara kara / vijaya kI kAmanA pUrNa ho tumhArI ! yuga - vIra bano ! mahAvIra bano !" (pR. 130) "adha- khulI kamalinI / DUbate cA~da kI / cA~danI ko bhI nahIM dekhatI A~kheM khola kara // IrSyA para vijaya prApta karanA
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________________ 450 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA saba ke vaza kI bAta nahIM,/aura "vaha bhI"/strI-paryAya meM anahonI-sI ghaTanA!" (pR. 2) yahA~ para kavi ne IrSyA kA sAmaMjasya biThAyA hai kamalinI aura strI meN| "padAbhilASI banakara/para para pada-pAta na karU~, utpAta na karUM, kabhI bhI kisI jIvana ko/pada-dalita nahIM karUM prabho!" (pR. 115) yaha zilpI ke rUpa meM racanAkAra kI bhAvanA hai| "aba darzaka ko darzana hotA hai-/kumbha ke mukha maNDala para 'hI' aura 'bhI' ina do akSaroM kaa|/ye donoM bIjAkSara haiM, apane-apane darzana kA pratinidhitva karate haiN|/'hii'ekaantvaad kA samarthaka hai 'bhI' anekAnta, syAdvAda kA pratIka / " (pR. 172) anekAnta, syAdvAda -ye jaina darzana ke mUlabhUta siddhAnta haiN| 'hI' aura 'bhI' kA prayoga deza-kalyANa ke lie rIr3ha hai, jise apanAne kavi kI bhAvanA hai : 0 "'hI' pazcimI-sabhyatA hai/'bhI' hai bhAratIya saMskRti, bhaagy-vidhaataa| rAvaNa thA 'hI' kA upAsaka/rAma ke bhItara 'bhI' baiThA thaa| yahI kAraNa ki/rAma upAsya hue, haiM, raheMge Age bhii| 'bhI' ke Asa-pAsa/bar3hatI-sI bhIr3a lagatI avazya, kintu bhIr3a nahIM,/'bhI' lokatantra kI rIr3ha hai|" (pR. 173) "prabhu se prArthanA hai, ki/'ho' se hIna ho jagat yaha abhI ho yA kabhI bhI ho/'bhI' se bheMTa sabhI kI ho|" (pR. 173) isa mahAkAvya meM cAra khaNDa haiM--1. 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha', 2. 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM, 3. 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' evaM 4. 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha / ' ___ ina cAra khaNDoM meM karIba 500 pRSThoM ke isa mahAkAvya meM AdhyAtmika parama santa ne jo vicAra die haiM, sacamuca ve saba hRdaya ko chUne vAle, antas ko TaTola kara preraNA dene vAle, choTI-choTI gadya paMktioM ke rUpa meM eka-eka pada mahAn anubhUti ke pradAtA haiM tathA cintana aura manana ke yogya haiM / vairAgya, rAga-dveSa, kaSAya, lezyAe~, deza-sevA, syAdvAda, puNya-pApa Adi sabhI mAnava sambandhI viSayoM para 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM ina dArzanika mahAkavi ne qalama calAI hai, jo sabhI ke lie preraNA pradAtA haiN| sahRdaya pAThaka ise par3hanA cAlU kara dene ke bAda chor3anA nahIM cAhege / unheM apUrva Ananda prApta hogA aura unakA antarmana bola uThegA'yaha mUka mATI nahIM, mukhara mATI hai| 'mAnasa taraMga' meM AcAryazrI kA pratyeka vAkya mananIya hai, svAdhyAya yogya hai| isake prakAzaka bhAratIya jJAnapITha to dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiM hI, sAtha hI prastavana' lekhaka zrI lakSmIcandrajI jaina bhI dhanyavAdArha haiM, unake sAtha hI anya sahayogI bandhu bhii|| [sampAdaka- 'vIra vANI'(pAkSika), jayapura-rAjasthAna, 3 akTUbara, 1990]
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________________ AdhyAtmika utkarSa kA rasakalaza : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. Aditya pracaNDiyA 'dIti' antastha bhAvanAoM ko jAgrata karane kI zakti kA nAma kavi hai aura bhAvanAoM se parimArjita mati kA nAma kavitA hai / kavi manISI hotA hai / vaha zabdakAra hotA hai aura mAnava svabhAva kA citrakAra bhI / usake locana svarga se bhUtala aura bhUtala se svarga taka kI yAtrA karate haiN| usameM pratibhA, vyutpatti aura abhyAsa kA samIkaraNa hotA hai / zramaNa saMskRti kI kAvyadhArA bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA ke amRtarasa kA pAna karAtI hai| patha kA pAtheya juTAtI hai| azubha se zubha aura zubha se zuddha kI ora bar3hane ke lie - saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza se hotI huI jIva tattvoM se anuprANita, sRjana kI yaha kAvyadhArA hindI meM apanI ananta yAtrA ke anukrama meM Aja bhI pravahamAna hai / guNavattA aura parimANa kI dRSTi se jaina kAvyakAroM kA pradeya mahanIya hai / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jIvanta anubhUtiyoM ke rasasiddha kAvyakAra haiM / kavi jaba RSibhAva ko jItA hai taba usakA hara kahA, likhA RSi-bhASA kA amRta jala bana jAtA hai| AcAryazrI pAramparika siMhAsana para virAjate hue bhI kharI bAta bolate haiN| sAdhu kI saccI pahacAna usakI nirbhIkatA aura bhASA meM haiM jo tandrA kI afIma cAhane vAle samAja ko udbodhana detI hai / apanI paripakva sAdhanAvasthA meM hI kucha mahAnubhAva siddhAvasthA kA Ananda bhogate hue dikhAI dete haiM / AcAryazrI aise hI kavi haiM jinakI kavitA kA lakSya satya kI zubhra jyoti hai / AcAryazrI kI kavitA meM anubhUti kI pradhAnatA hai, abhivyakti kI sahajatA hai aura hai Atma saMvedanA kI svAbhAvikatA | 'mUkamATI' meM AcAryazrI ke antaraMga kA amRta hai / unhoMne kavitA ko kSobha, kuNThA aura santrAsa ke bajAya prANa, zvAsa aura vizvAsa se bhara diyA hai| RSi - kavi kA jIvana cintana aura sAdhanA kA viSaya hotA hai, astu / AcAryazrI satya aura zabdoM ke mAdhyama se satya kI mUrti kA abhiSeka karate haiN| merA mAnanA hai ki jaba koI sarjaka kisI vizvAsa, zraddhA, Andolana, vAda, AiDiyolaoNjI ko apane jIvana meM ghaTate dekha samAja meM usake pratiphalita hone kI prakriyA ko anubhavatA hai, socatA hai aura likhatA bhI jAtA hai to usakI kavitA jo rUpAkAra dhAraNa karatI hai, vaha viziSTa hotI hai / yaha viziSTatA hI kavi ke cintana kI dhurI hotI hai| AcAryazrI praNIta 'mUkamATI' isI dhurI kA supariNAma hai / isa mahAgrantha ke 'prastavana' meM sudhI lekhaka-vicAraka zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ke vicAra draSTavya haiM: "... AcArya zrau vidyAsAgara kI kRti 'mUkamATI' mAtra kavi-karma nahIM hai, yaha eka dArzanika santa kI AtmA kA saMgIta hai - santa jo sAdhanA ke jIvanta pratirUpa haiM aura sAdhanA jo Atma-vizuddhi kI maMz2iloM para sAvadhAnI se paga dharatI huI, lokamaMgala ko sAdhatI hai / ye santa tapasyA se arjita jIvana-darzana ko anubhUti meM racA- pacAkara sabake hRdaya meM guMjarita kara denA cAhate haiN| nirmala-vANI aura sArthaka sampreSaNa kA jo yoga inake pravacanoM meM prasphuTita hotA hai- usameM mukta chanda kA pravAha aura kAvyAnubhUti kI antaraMga laya samanvita karake AcAryazrI ne ise kAvya kA rUpa diyA hai|' jinakA jIvana sva-para-kalyANa ke lie samarpita, jinakA sRjana mAnavIya cetanAoM ke gahare meM chipe Aloka ko anAvRta karane ko saMkalpita hai, jinake adharoM para pratipala muskarAhaTa ke phUla khile rahate haiM aura jo pratikSaNa jAgrata rahakara jAgaraNa kA sandeza prarUpita karate haiM, una mahAmanasvI cetanA ke uccAzaya zikhara - sparzI AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne apane AdhyAtmika abhinava prayogAtmaka kAvya 'mUkamATI' ko cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| prathama khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' meM RSi - kavi ne usa dazA ke parizodhana kI prakriyA ko abhivyakta kiyA jahA~ mATI piNDa rUpa meM kaMkara - kaNoM se milI-julI avasthA meM hai| mATI abhI varNa saMkara hai, cU~ki usakI prakRti ke viparIta anamela tattva
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________________ 452 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kaMkara usameM A mile haiM, vaha apanA maulika varNalAbha tabhI prApta karegI jaba vaha mRdu mATI ke rUpa meM apanI zuddha avasthA prApta kara sake, yathA : 0 "mRdu mATI se/laghu jAti se/merA yaha zilpa/nikharatA hai/aura khara-kAThI se/guru jAti se/vaha avilamba/bikharatA hai|" (pR. 45) 0 "nIra kA kSIra bananA hI/varNa-lAbha hai,/varadAna hai| aura kSIra kA phaTa jAnA hI/varNa-saMkara hai/abhizApa hai isase yahI phalita huA,/alaM vistareNa !" (pR. 49) 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' nAmaka dvitIya khaNDa meM mATI ko khodane kI prakriyA meM kumbhakAra kI asAvadhAnI se usakI kudAlI eka kA~Te ke mAthe para jA lagatI hai aura usakA sira phUTa par3atA hai| vaha pratikAra kI socatA hai aura kumbhakAra ko apanI asAvadhAnI para glAni hotI hai / RSi-kavi kA mAnanA hai ki krodha-pratizodha ke bhAva, bodha-bhAva meM pariNita ho jAte haiM jaba bodha kA phUla phala bana jAtA hai taba vaha zodha kahalAtA hai, yathA : "bodha kA phUla jaba/DhalatA-badalatA, jisameM/vaha pakva phala hI to ) zodha kahalAtA hai|/bodh meM AkulatA palatI hai/zodha meM nirAkulatA phalatI hai, phUla se nahIM, phala se/tRpti kA anubhava hotA hai|" (pR. 107) Azaya yaha hai ki uccAraNa mAtra 'zabda' hai| zabda kA samyak abhipreta samajhanA 'bodha' hai aura isa bodha ko cAritra meM DhAlanA 'zodha' hai / AcAryazrI svIkArate haiM ki prema-kSema svabhAva ke abhinna aMga haiN| yadi puruSa prakRti se dUra hogA to nizcaya hI vikRtiyukta hogA / puruSa kA prakRti meM hI ramanA to mokSa hai : "svabhAva se hI/prema hai hamArA/aura/svabhAva meM ho/kSema hai hmaaraa| puruSa prakRti se/yadi dUra hogA/nizcita hI vaha/vikRti kA pUra hogA puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI/mokSa hai, sAra hai|" (pR. 93) 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' zIrSaka se tRtIya khaNDa meM kumbhakAra ne mATI kI vikAsa yAtrA ke mAdhyama se puNya karma ke sampAdana se anusyUta zreya aura preya upalabdhi kA citraNa kiyA hai| abalA, nArI, kumArI, strI, sutA, duhitA Adi zabdoM kI vyAkhyA (pRSTha 201-207) apane DhaMga kI huI hai| trigupti- mana-vacana-kAya- kI nirmalatA se, zubha karmoM ke sampAdana se, lokakalyANa kI kAmanA se puNya upArjita hotA hai / kaSAya se to pApa puSpita-phalita hotA hai| caturtha khaNDa agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' meM prabandhakAvya kA nAyaka kumbhakAra ne ghaTa ko rUpAkAra de diyA hai| aba use avA meM tapAne kI taiyArI hai / pUrI prakriyA kAvyabaddha hai / caturtha khaNDa kA phalaka vistRta hai / aneka kathA prasaMga rocakatA kA zrIvardhana karate haiN| mAnava ke do rUpoM- eka zava aura dUsarA ziva - kA pratinidhitva citraNa karate hue RSikavi kahate haiM: "isa yuga ke/do mAnava/apane Apa ko/khonA cAhate haiMeka/bhoga-rAga ko/madya-pAna ko/cunatA hai; aura eka/yoga-tyAga ko/Atma-dhyAna ko/ghunatA hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 453 kucha hI kSaNoM meM/donoM hote/vikalpoM se mukta / phira kyA kahanA !/eka zava ke samAna/nirA par3A hai, aura eka/ziva ke samAna/kharA utarA hai|" (pR. 286) isa prakAra 'mUkamATI' kathAvastu meM AdhyAtmika AyAmoM, darzana aura cintana ke preraNAdAyaka sphuraNoM kA garimAmaya samAveza hai / 'mUkamATI' kI nAyikA mATI hai jisakI vedanA-vyathA tIvratA aura mArmikatA se anuprANita karuNA ke rUpa meM abhivyaMjita hai / mA~-beTI ke pArasparika saMvAda mandAkinI kI dhavaladhArA ke sadRza abhinava mor3a lete, balakhAte, iThalAte haiN| isI pravahamAna sthiti meM AcAryazrI kI dArzanika cintana-cArutA sahaja-svAbhAvikatA ke sAtha samAviSTa hotI calatI hai| 'mUkamATI' kA nAyaka 'kumbhakAra' ko svIkArA jA sakatA hai| janma-janmAntara se yaha mATI pratIkSArata rahI 'kumbhakAra' kI / RSi-kavi kA mAnanA hai ki yaha kumbhakAra mATI kA uddhAra karake avyakta sattA meM se ghaTa kI maMgala mUrti pratibhASita kregaa| maMgala ghaTa kI sArthakatA guru ke pAda-prakSAlana meM hai jo kAvya ke pAtra, bhakta seTha kI zraddhA ke AdhArabhUta haiM / RSi-kavi kahate haiM : "zaraNa, caraNa haiM Apake,/tAraNa-taraNa jahAja,/bhava-dadhi taTa taka le calo/karuNAkara gururAja !"(pR. 325) / vastuta: kAvya ke nAyaka to yahI guru haiM kintu svayaM guru ke ArAdhyanAyaka arhantadeva' haiM, yathA : "jo moha se mukta ho jIte haiM/rAga-roSa se rIte haiM janama-maraNa-jarA jIrNatA/jinheM chU nahIM sakate aba ...sapta-bhayoM se mukta, abhaya-nidhAna ve,/nidrA-tandrA jinheM gheratI nahIM ...zoka se zUnya, sadA azoka haiM/...jinake pAsa saMga hai na saMgha,/jo ekAkI haiM ...sadA-sarvathA nizcinta haiM,/aSTAdaza doSoM se duur|" (pR. 326-327) - zabdoM ke zaMkha bajAne vAle AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kI bhASA sarvatantra svatantra, rasamayI, pravAhazIla aura jIvanta hai| muhAvaroM aura kahAvatoM ke prayoga se vaha sArthaka ho gaI hai / zailI bhI cittAkarSaka hai aura AlaMkArika bhii| manISI pAThaka barabasa AkRSTa ho jAtA hai / isameM bhAva-bhASA kI to sahajatA hai hI lekina muktaka chandoM kA suniyojana kRti kI vizeSatA kA abhivarddhana-abhisiMcana karatA hai / AcAryazrI kI pratibhA-prajJA ko, cAru cintana ko, unakI kalamazrI ko namana karane kA mana hotA hai / 'mUkamATI' AcAryazrI kI anubhUti kI prAmANikatA navInatA kI pratiSThA kA astra hai| vastuta: vaha AdhyAtmika utkarSa kA rasakalaza hai| AcAryazrI kA kavitva-nirjhara saundarya kI caTTAna se TakarAkara pravAhita huA hai jo bahirmukhI hokara mAnava kalyANa sAdhana meM tathA antarmukhI hokara hamArI bhAratIya saMskRti kI sampatti svarUpA bhakti ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotA hai / AcAryazrI kA sArasvata rUpa isa akSaramAlA meM surakSita hai / maiM kAmanA karatA hU~ ki sAhitya ke sudhI cintaka isa akSaramAlA meM ruci leM, isakA samyak mAna bar3hAe~ aura sArasvata pratiSThA se ise alaMkRta kreN| zubham !!
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________________ 'mUkamATI': eka vivecana DaoN. pI. ke. bAlasubrahmaNyana dakSiNa ke santa bhakta tyAgarAja kI vANI hai : "jitane hI mahAnubhAva va santa isa vizva meM janme haiM, una sabake prati apane zraddhAsumana samarpita karatA huuN| unakI vandanA karatA hU~"-ukta uddharaNa ke sAtha prastuta kAvya kA vivecana karanA samIcIna hogaa| yazasvI santa AcArya vidyAsAgarajI sacamuca vidyA ke sAgara haiN| ratnAkara haiM / ratnAkara ke garbha meM amUlya ratna va motI bhare par3e haiN| jo pArakhI haiM, use gotA lagAkara, gahare pAnI meM paiThakara aura kaThina va agAdha parizrama karake una ratnoM ko bAhara lAnA par3atA hai / jo vyApArI hai vaha dUsaroM ke hAtha becane ke lie ratna nikAlatA hai / parantu jo jJAnI hai vaha vidyAsAgara ke ratnoM va motiyoM kA bhoga svayaM karatA hai aura dUsaroM ko detA hai / prastuta grantha 'mUkamATI' kA gambhIra adhyayana va manana-cintana ke bAda yaha pratIta hotA hai ki prastuta kAvya vizleSaNa yA vivecana se pare rahakara jJAnArjana kI dRSTi se paThanIya hai, mananIya hai| nAma se hI spaSTa hai ki mATI mUka hai / hA~, jo sAdhaka hai, jo sevaka hai vaha bolanA nahIM jAnatA, lekina mUka sevA karanA jAnatA hai / vaha bhI niSkAma sevaka hai, paropakArI va paramArthI hai / saMkSepa meM, isa kAvya kA sAra yahI hai ki nadI ke kinAre jo mATI hai vaha mATI pRthvI kA upadeza va mArgadarzana pAkara kumbhakAra kI pratIkSA karatI hai, usake hAthoM meM apane ApakA samarpaNa karatI hai, bore meM bharakara kumbhakAra kI tapobhUmi para pahu~catI hai, usake pairoM ke nIce rauMdI jAkara, zuddha hokara, pavitra, niSkaNTaka va niSkaMkar3a hokara mulAyama banatI hai| kumbha para car3hakara ghar3e kA rUpa pAtI hai, apanI icchA se agni parIkSA detI hai, pakkA ghar3A banatI hai, seThajI ke dvArA raMgIna hokara maMgala kalaza banatI hai, nadI pAra karate samaya sampUrNa parivAra kI rakSA karake maMgala karatI hai aura anta meM sva-sthAna yA apanI janmabhUmi nadI ke taTa para pahu~catI hai to dharatI mAtA usakI unnati, mAna-hAriNI praNati dekhakara prasannatA prakaTa karatI hai| samarpaNa, kaSTa sahana va sevA bhAvanA ne mATI kA uddhAra kiyA thaa| 'mUkamATI' grantha samudra ke samAna AkAra se bar3A hai| agara sirfa mahAkAvya kI dRSTi se isa para vivecana kareM to yaha kahanA hai ki jitanA AkAra se yaha kAvya mahAn hai, usase adhika vicAra se mahAn kAvya hai / mahAnoM kI kRtiyA~ kyoM mahAn nahIM hogI? . mahAkAvya kI paribhASA meM vibhinna yugoM aura vibhinna dezoM ke, vibhinna zailiyoM ke mahAkAvyoM meM prApta sthAyI lakSaNoM kA samAveza ho gayA hai| 'hindI sAhitya koza' (pR. 327) ke anusAra unheM moTe taura para nimnalikhita avayavoM ke svarUpa meM vibhAjita karake upasthita kiyA jA sakatA hai : 1. mahat uddezya, mahatpreraNA aura mahatI kAvya-pratibhA 2. gurutva, gAmbhIrya aura mahattva 3. mahAkArya aura yugajIvana kA samagra citraNa 4. susaMghaTita jIvanta kathAnaka 5. mahattvapUrNa nAyaka tathA anya pAtra 6. garimAmayI udAtta zailI 7. tIvra pratibhAnviti aura gambhIra rasa vyaMjanA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 455 8. anavaruddha jIvanI zakti aura sazakta prANavattA inameM se adhikAMza tattva jina kAvyoM meM pAe jAte haiM unako mahAkAvya mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM honI cAhie / yadyapi paramparAgata paribhASA ke anukUla ucca kulotpanna nAyaka prastuta kAvya meM nahIM hai, phira bhI paMcabhUta, unameM bhI mUlabhUta tattva mATI ke, jo mUla hai, unnata avasthA meM pahu~cane kI gAthA yaha sujhAtI hai| manuSya, jo mUla paMcabhUtoM se nirmita zarIrI hai vaha sAdhanA, samarpaNa, sevA se avazya sammAnanIya ho sakatA hai| isa mahatI uddezya kA yaha kAvya avazya Adhunika mahAkAvya kI koTi meM A sakatA hai| mAnasa-taraMga' meM uThAe gae praznoM kA uttara DhU~deM to yaha spaSTa patA calatA hai ki nimitta kI anivAryatA Izvara kI ora hamArA dhyAna avazya AkRSTa karatI hai| jo svayaM jIvanamukta haiM, ve jIva ko preraNA dekara mukti dilA sakate haiN| isa kAvya meM mukti kA yaha artha dhvanita hotA hai ki paropakAra ke lie niSkAma sevA karanA / dUsare zabdoM meM sRSTi mUka calatI hai| vaha vijJApanabAz2I, ghoSaNA yA ghaTATopa ke binA apanA kAma karatI jAtI hai| jo usake prati AtmasamarpaNa karatA hai vahI 'padmapatramivAmbhasA' rahakara uddhAra kara letA hai| mAnasa-taraMga' ke anta meM svayaM racayitA ne 'mUkamATI' kAvya ke mahat uddezya para prakAza DAlA hai| 'susupta caitanya zakti ko jAgRta karanA, zuddha cetanA kI upAsanA karanA, zuddha sAttvika sambandhita jIvana ko dharma ke anurUpa pratiSThita karanA...,aura vItarAga zramaNa-saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA' Adi 'mUkamATI' kA uddezya hai / prastuta kAvya, palAyana ko protsAhita nahIM karatA, kyoMki kaSTa ko dekhakara bhAganA kAyaratA kA lakSaNa hai / anta meM jaba svayaM agni parIkSA dene mATI taiyAra hotI hai taba hameM bhI preraNA va protsAhana milatA hai ki kaSTamaya jIvana kI bhayaMkaratA ko hama khuda gale lagA leM to amara bana sakeMge, nahIM to kabIra kI ukti ko hI duharAnA par3egA ki jo apanA sara kATakara use dabA sakate haiM ve hI kabIra ke anuyAyI ho skeNge| AtmadAna, AtmatyAga, apUrva sAhasa Adi hI manuSya ko amara banA skeNge| tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana bhI hameM yahI sikhAte haiM ki jo apane Apako para' ke lie miTA leMge, ve hI pUjya hote haiN| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki yaha kAvya 'mahatI preraNA' dene meM saphala huA hai / isa silasile meM vicAraNIya yaha hogA ki nadI ke kinAre kI kaccI miTTI va maMgala kalaza donoM ke AdhAra tattva eka hI haiN| yAda rakhanA cAhie ki kaccI miTTI maMgala kalaza bana sakatI hai, yAnI kramika vikAsa se AtmA apanA uddhAra kara sakatI hai| lekina maMgala kalaza patita hokara miTTI meM mila sakatA hai kintu kaccI miTTI nahIM bana sakatA / isI prakAra AtmA bhI apanA uddhAra va vikAsa kara sakatI hai| kAvya pratibhA kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to AcAryazrI kI pratibhA kA mUlyAMkana karanA sUraja ko dIpa dikhAne ke barAbara hogaa| aba vicAroM ke gurutva, gAmbhIrya va mahattva para z2arA vicAra kreN| 'mUkamATI' kAvya kA prArambha sundara prakRti citraNa se hotA hai / sImAtIta zUnya kI nIlimA va nIravatA ke varNana ke sAtha apane nAma ke anurUpa vAtAvaraNa meM yaha kAvya prArambha hotA hai : "nizA kA avasAna ho rahA hai/uSA kI aba zAna ho rahI hai|" (pR. 1) ye paMktiyA~ sujhAtI haiM rAta kA a~dherA va ajJAna miTa rahA hai va uSA ke udaya hote-hote dhIre-dhIre prakAza va jJAna phailane lagA hai / prastuta kAvya meM bhI jJAna kI parateM eka-eka karake khulatI haiM taba vicAroM kI bArAta nikalatI hai jo avazya saba ko AkRSTa karatI hai / prAtaH sandhyA ke samaya apane pyAre candra ke sAtha jaba tArA bAlAe~ dhIre-dhIre chipatI haiM taba ve divAkara kI dRSTi se apane Apako bacA letI haiN| hA~, jaba jJAna kA sUrya udita hotA hai taba alpajJAna ke tAre va dUsaroM
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________________ 456 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kI kalA se ujjvala cA~da kA kyA kAma yA astitva ho sakatA hai ? prakRti ke sundara pariveza meM yaha kAvya prArambha hotA hai / sampUrNa vizva meM cetanatA kA darzana karate hue kavi kahate haiM ki saritA jaise sarapaTa daur3atI rahatI hai aura apane lakSya taka pahu~catI hai, usI taraha kyA jar3a- kyA cetana, sabako gatizIla honA caahie| phalataH 'saritA taTa kI mATI' mA~ dharatI ke sammukha apanA hRdaya kholatI hai| svayaM apane ko patita ghoSita karatI huI vaha mATI kahatI hai ki patita ko hI pada - dalita karanA saMsAra kA svabhAva hai / vaha pati hAlata se apane uddhAra kA mArga dikhAne kI prArthanA mA~ dharatI se karatI hai| mA~ dharatI apanI sahanazIlatA ke lie hI nahIM, dhairya aura AzAvAditA ke lie prasiddha hai / smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki dharatI hI manuSya ko janma detI hai aura saMgharSamaya jIvana ke bAda apanI goda meM cirazAnti detI hai / 'jIva' ke vikAsa ke lie bIja ke samAna hI samucita kSetra meM usakA vapana honA caahie| samayocita khAda, jala Adi yAnI suvidhAe~ mileM to usakA sampUrNa vikAsa hogA / 'bar3a kA bIja' vizAlakAya rUpa dhAraNa kara vaTa vRkSa kA rUpa le, tabhI usakI mahattA hotI hai| 'saMgati' ke anusAra mati hotI hai aura gati hotI hai| jo apanI kamaz2orI pahacAnatA hai, apane ApakI laghutA samajhatA hai vahI Age bar3ha sakatA hai| 'rAma so bar3o hai kona, mo so kona khoTo hai' kI pahacAna hI vinaya kA lakSaNa hai aura tulasIdAsa ke samAna vahI vinayI hokara parama bhakta bana sakatA hai, vahI apanA uddhAra kara sakatA hai / dharatI mAtA kA upadeza sunakara miTTI sAdhanA ke sA~ce meM svayaM ko saharSa DhAlane taiyAra hotI hai| vaha jAna letI hai ki AsthA ke sAtha sAdhanA karanI cAhie aura sAdhanA ke samaya AyAsa se DaranA nahIM cAhie evaM Alasya se bacanA caahie| sAdhanA ke rAste meM pratikUlatA Ae to usakI paravAha karanI hI nahIM cAhie / dharatI mA~ kA mArgadarzana pAkara mUkamATI sAdhanA va tapasyA kA mArga apanA letI hai| "pUta kA lakSaNa pAlane meM'' (pR.14) kI ukti ko caritArtha karane ko ThAna letI hai / vaha ghoSita karatI hai ki "AsthA se rItA jIvana / yaha cArmika vatana hai, mA~!" (pR.16) / kumbhakAra kI pratIkSA meM rAta bitAkara dUsare dina sabere apanI uddhAra yAtrA zurU karatI hai| vaha 'saMkara doSa' bacatI hai aura 'varNa lAbha' karatI hai| vaha anubhava karatI hai 'zabda so bodha nahIM aura bodha so zodha nahIM / ' vaha 'puNya pAlana' karatI hai aura apane 'pApa kA prakSAlana' karatI hai| vaha 'agni parIkSA' detI hai aura apane Apa ko 'cA~dI-sA rAkha' sama ujjvala banAtI hai| sAdhAraNa mATI, jo sabake pairoM tale rauMdI jAtI thI, apanI kaThina sAdhanA se maMgala kalaze nakara pUjanIya hotI hai / saMkSepa meM, apanI mahatI kAvya pratibhA se tuccha se tuccha mATI kA uddhAra karake jIvana ke mahatI upAsanA tattva ko samajhAne meM AcAryajI saphala hue haiN| yadyapi kathAnaka kA aMza kama hai, phira bhI usakA nirvAha susaMghaTita rUpa meM sampanna huA hai| mATI kI sAdhanA yAtrA kA varNana karate-karate anya gambhIra bAtoM ko prakaTa karake pAThaka kI utsukatA ko bar3hAne meM yaha kAvya saphala huA hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM gadhe kI pITha ko chilate dekhakara mATI ke mana meM jo duHkha hotA hai, vaha sacamuca mArmika hai| kue~ kI machalI jaba 'dhammo dayA-visuddhoM' kI bAlaTI ke dvArA Upara AtI hai taba usako apane yahA~ hI rahakara sAdhanA ke dvArA mokSa pAne kA upadeza mATI detI hai / phalataH use phira apane purAne sthAna para pahu~canA par3atA hai| prakRti varNana, rasa vyaMjanA va zabda cAturya se yaha kAvya nikhara uThA hai| AcArya vidyAsAgara jaba isa kAvya sRjana meM lage taba aisA lagatA hai vicAra va sUktiyA~ hor3a lagAkara A baiThI haiN| phalata: vicAroM ke ratna bikhare par3e haiM, jo pArakhI haiM vahI una ratnoM ko baTora pAegA /
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________________ 'mUkamATI' kI sUktiyA~ : AtmakalyANa kI saMjIvanI bUTI DaoN. hemalatA sAvakAra kavitA mUlata: sArthaka zabdoM kI abhivyakti hai / ajJeya kA kahanA hai ki kAvya sabase pahale zabda hai aura sabase anta meM bhI yahI bAta baca jAtI hai ki kAvya zabda hai / sAhityetara tathA sAhitya kI anya vidhAoM kI apekSA kavitA meM zabda kA nirapekSa mahattva adhika hai / aMgrejI ke prasiddha Alocaka krisTophara kaoNDavela ke zabdoM meM : "kahAnI, upanyAsa Adi meM zabda eka bAhya vAstavikatA ke pAtroM, dRzyoM aura ghaTanAoM ke saMketa cihnoM ke rUpa meM prayukta kie jAte haiM aura lekhaka dvArA pradatta rAgAtmaka prasaMga usa citrita vAstavikatA se jur3e hote haiM jaba ki kavitA meM rAgAtmaka prasaMga sIdhe zabdoM se jur3e hote haiN| pariNAmasvarUpa upanyAsa, kahAnI, nATaka usa gaharAI taka zabdoM kI kalAe~ nahIM haiM jisa taka kavitA hai|" AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI anubhUtipravaNa kavi haiN| unakA kAvyazilpa tathA abhivyakti kalA prAya: unake bhAvaloka se ekAtma hokara prakaTa huI hai| zilpa ko kArIgarI' ke artha meM AcAryajI ne pRthakata: mahattva nahIM diyA hai| vaha sahaja, svAbhAvika abhivyakti kI kalA ke rUpa meM prastuta hai| racanA karate samaya bhAva-vicAroM kI abhivyakti hI unakA pramukha lakSya hai| zabdoM athavA abhivyaMjanA ke nae prayogoM ke lie unhoMne kucha likhA nahIM hai, yaha spaSTa hai| kavi ne abhivyakti ke mAdhyama 'zabda' para yathAsambhava, asAdhAraNa adhikAra prApta kiyA hai / svAdhyAya aura nirantara abhyAsa ke dvArA hI yaha sambhava ho sakA hai| dIrghakAlIna zabda sAdhanA kI sukhada pariNati 'mUkamATI' meM dekhane ko milatI hai| __ AcAryazrI kI bhASA aura zailI sahaja hai / aneka jaTila saMvedanAoM ko bhI bilakula sIdhe aura sAfa, akRtrima rUpa meM, atyanta prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se vyakta karane meM vaha samartha haiN| inakI bhASA meM svAbhAvikatA, RjutA, pravAha aura maulikatA vidyamAna hai / isa taraha bhASA kA carama aura alaukika saundarya yahA~ dekhA jA sakatA hai| 'mUkamATI' kI bhASA meM pradhAnata: varNanAtmakatA aura bimbAtmakatA milatI hai aura ye donoM guNa atyanta prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se apane Apako vyakta karane meM saphala haiN| varNanAtmakatA ke antargata ghaTanAoM kA vistRta varNana milatA hai jo ki pAThaka ke mAnasa para prabhAva chor3atA huA Age bar3hatA hai / saMkocI, zarmIlI 'mATI' apane uddhAra ke lie mA~ - dharatI se unnata jIvana kA patha aura pAtheya pUchatI hai aura AcAryazrI kI santavANI mA~ dvArA prastuta hotI hai| bhASA, citra banAtI huI bar3hatI hai jo pAThaka ko sahaja hI grAhya hone meM samartha hai| sampUrNa kathAnaka cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai / cAroM khaNDa muhAvaroM, kahAvatoM, lokoktiyoM evaM sUktiyoM kA koSa bana gae haiN| inake kAraNa bhASA atyanta sajIva, sazakta tathA prabhAvI ho sakI hai| vizeSa ullekhanIya bAta, zobhanoktiyA~ tathA sUktiyoM kI haiN| ye sUktiyA~ kevala mahAkAvya kI garimA ko bar3hAtI nahIM balki sahRdaya pAThaka ke lie saMjIvanI bUTI ke samAna haiM, jina sUtroM ke AdhAra para vaha Atma-kalyANa kA rAstA taya kara sakatA hai| kucha viziSTa sUktiyA~ tathA zobhanoktiyA~ draSTavya haiN| pahalA khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' zIrSaka kA hai| bAkI tInoM khaNDoM kI apekSA isameM sUktiyoM kI bharamAra hai, yathA : 0 "IrSyA para vijaya prApta karanA/saba ke vaza kI bAta nhiiN|" (pR. 2) __ "jaisI saMgati milatI hai/vaisI mati hotI hai|" (pR. 8)
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________________ 458 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 0 "AyAsa se DaranA nahIM/Alasya karanA nahIM !" (pR. 11) 0 "kisI kArya ko sampanna karate samaya/anukUlatA kI pratIkSA karanA sahI puruSArtha nahIM hai|" (pR. 13) 0 mIThe dahI se hI nahIM,/khaTTe se bhI/samucita manthana ho navanIta kA lAbha avazya hotA hai|" (pR. 13-14) __ "saMgharSamaya jIvana kA/upasaMhAra/niyamarUpa se/harSamaya hotA hai|" (pR. 14) 0 "duHkha kI vedanA meM/jaba nyUnatA AtI hai duHkha bhI sukha-sA lagatA hai|" (pR. 18) "vicAroM ke aikya se/AcAroM ke sAmya se/saMpreSaNa meM nikhAra AtA hai,/varanA/vikAra AtA hai !" (pR. 22) 0 "kucha apavAda chor3akara/bAharI kriyA se/bhItarI jiyA se sahI-sahI sAkSAtkAra/kiyA nahIM jA sktaa|" (pR. 30) 0 "pIr3A kI ati hI/pIr3A kI iti hai/aura pIr3A kI iti hI/sukha kA artha hai|" (pR. 33) "viSayI sadA/viSaya-kaSAyoM ko hI banAtA/apanA viSaya / " (pR. 37) "dayA kA honA hI/jIva-vijJAna kA/samyak paricaya hai|" (pR. 37) 0 "vAsanA kA vilAsa/moha hai,/dayA kA vikAsa/mokSa hai|" (pR. 38) "varNa kA Azaya/na raMga se hai/na hI aMga se varan/cAla-caraNa, DhaMga se hai|" (pR. 47) 0 "pApI se nahIM/pApa se/paMkaja se nahIM,/paMka se/ghRNA kro|" (pR. 50-51) * "nara se/nArAyaNa bano/samayocita kara kArya / " (pR. 51) 0 "laghutA kA tyajana hI/gurutA kA yajana hI/zubha kA sRjana haiN|" (pR. 51) 0 "saMyama kI rAha clo|" (pR. 56) 0 "rAhI bananA ho to/hIrA bananA hai|" (pR. 57) 0 "rAkha bane binA/kharA-darzana kahA~ ?" (pR. 57) 0 "bAta kA prabhAva jaba/bala-hIna hotA hai
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 459 hAtha kA prayoga taba/kArya karatA hai|" (pR. 60) "hAtha kA prayoga jaba/bala-hIna hotA hai hathiyAra kA prayoga taba/Arya karatA hai|" (pR. 60) - "kRpANa kRpAlu nahIM haiN|" (pR. 73) "pratyeka vyavadhAna kA/sAvadhAna hokara/sAmanA karanA nUtana avadhAna ko pAnA hai,/yA yoM kaheM ki antima samAdhAna ko pAnA hai|" (pR.74) khaNDa -do - 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' meM eka paMkti kI sUktiyA~ apekSAkRta kama haiN| ina sUktiyoM meM AcAryajI ne jIvana kA sAra DAla diyA hai : "badale kA bhAva vaha dala-dala hai/ki jisameM/bar3e-bar3e baila hI kyA, bala-zAlI gaja-dala taka/burI taraha phaMsa jAte haiM aura gala-kapola taka/pUrI taraha dhaMsa jAte haiN|" (pR. 97) "dama sukha hai, sukha kA srota/mada duHkha hai, sukha kI mauta !" (pR. 102) "mAtrAnukUla bhale hI/dugdha meM jala milA lo dugdha kA mAdhurya kama hotA hai avazya ! jala kA cAturya jama jAtA hai rasanA para!" (pR. 109) "apane ko chor3akara/para-padArtha se prabhAvita honA hI/moha kA pariNAma hai aura/saba ko chor3akara/apane Apa meM bhAvita honA hI mokSa kA dhAma hai|" (pR. 109-110) "jisa ke avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava - sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai / " (pR. 111) "Aga kA yoga pAtA hai/zItala-jala bhI,/zanaiH zanaiH jalatA-jalatA,/ubalatA bhale hii|" (pR. 131) "AdhA bhojana kIjie/duguNA pAnI pIva / tiguNA zrama/cauguNI ha~sI/varSa savA sau jIva!" (pR. 133) 0 "sthita-prajJa ha~sate kahA~ ?/moha-mAyA ke jAla meM Atma-vijJa pha~sate kahA~ ?" (pR. 134) 0 "duHsvara ho yA susvara/sAre svara nazvara haiN|" (pR. 143)
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________________ 460 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 0 "saMgIta use mAnatA hU~/jo saMgAtIta hotA hai/aura prIti use mAnatA hU~/jo aMgAtIta hotI hai|" (pR. 144 - 145) "AzA hI ko pAzA smjho|" (pR. 150) 0 "karuNA rasa meM/zAnta-rasa kA antarbhAva mAnanA/bar3I bhUla hai|" (pR. 155) 0 "cakkaradAra patha hI, Akhira/gagana cUmatA/agamya parvata-zikhara taka pathika ko pahuMcAtA hai/bAdhA-bina bezaka !" (pR. 162) "eka-dUsare ke sukha-duHkha meM/paraspara bhAga lenA sajjanatA kI pahacAna hai|" (pR.168) "auroM ke sukha ko dekha, jalanA/auroM ke duHkha ko dekha, khilanA durjanatA kA sahI lakSaNa hai|" (pR. 168) - "jisane janana ko pAyA hai/use maraNa ko pAnA hai yaha akATya niyama hai !" (pR. 181) / "aba to ceteM - vicAreM/apanI ora nihaareN|" (pR. 186) khaNDa-tIna kA nAma hai- 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana / ' isameM nimnalikhita sUktiyA~-zobhanoktiyA~ draSTavya haiM: 0 "para-sampadA kI ora dRSTi jAnA/ajJAna ko batAtA hai|" (pR. 189) 0 "para-sampadA haraNa kara saMgraha karanA/moha-mUrchA kA atireka hai|" (pR. 189) 0 "yaha kaTu-satya hai ki/artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sktiiN|" (pR.192) . "tuccha svArthasiddhi ke lie/kucha vyartha kI prasiddhi ke lie saba kucha anartha ghaTa sakatA hai !" (pR. 197) 0 "dharma, artha aura kAma puruSArthoM se /gRhastha jIvana zobhA pAtA hai|" (pR. 204) . "strI aura zrI ke caMgula meM phaMse/dussaha duHkha se dUra nahIM hote kbhii|" (pR.214) 0 "lakSmaNa-rekhA kA ullaMghana/rAvaNa ho yA sItA rAma hI kyoM na hoM/daNDita karegA hI!" (pR. 217) 0 "guru hokara laghu janoM ko/svapna meM bhI vacana denA/yAnI unakA anukaraNa karanA/sukha kI rAha ko miTAnA hai / " (pR. 219) 0 "sajjana-sAdhu puruSoM ko bhI,/Aveza-Avega kA Azraya lekara hI
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________________ O O khaNDa cAra kA zIrSaka hai- 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha / ' yaha mahAkAvya kA antima khaNDa hai| nimnalikhita sUktiyA~ - zobhanoktiyA~ isameM milatI haiM : "apanI kasauTI para apane ko kasanA / bahuta sarala hai / " (pR. 276) " apanI A~khoM kI lAlI / apane ko nahIM dikhatI hai / " (pR. 276) "ziSToM para anugraha karanA / sahaja prApta zakti kA sadupayoga karanA hai, dharma hai|" (pR. 276-277) O 0 O O O D O O O mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 461 kArya karanA par3atA hai|" (pR. 225 ) "jaba havA kAma nahIM karatI / taba davA kAma karatI hai, aura/ jaba davA kAma nahIM karatI/ taba duA kAma karatI hai|" (pR. 241 ) " dhyAna kI bAta karanA / aura / dhyAna se bAta karanA ina donoM meM bahuta antara hai / " (pR. 286 ) "dhyAna ke kendra kholane - mAtra se / dhyAna meM kendrita honA sambhava nahIM / " (pR. 246) " grAhaka kI dRSTi meM / vastu kA mUlya vastu kI upayogitA hai / " (pR. 304 ) " dA~ta mile to cane nahIM, / cane mile to dA~ta nahIM, aura donoM mile to / pacAne ko A~ta nahIM / " (pR. 318) "samarpaNa ke bAda samarpita kI / bar3I-bar3I parIkSAyeM hotI haiM / " (pR. 482 ) "samagra saMsAra hI/du:kha se bharapUra hai, yahA~ sukha hai, para vaiSayika / aura vaha bhI kSaNika !" (pR. 485 ) " Upara se nIce dekhane se / cakkara AtA hai / aura nIce se Upara kA anumAna / lagabhaga galata nikalatA hai|" (pR. 487-488) Alocya mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' kI sUktiyoM meM vyAvahArikatA tathA anubhavavANI hai / navIna parikalpanAoM se, samucita alaMkAra prayoga se bhAvAbhivyakti meM praur3hatA AI hai| sUktiyoM, zobhanoktiyoM ke atirikta zabda vyutpatti, zabda viparyaya, bIjAkSara ke camatkAra, aMkoM kA camatkAra, Ayurveda kA prayoga, mantra vidyA Adi Adhunika jIvana meM vijJAna se udbhUta avadhAraNAoM ko prastuta karane ke kAraNa yaha mahAkAvya maulika bana gayA hai| pR. 331 lo, atithikI aMjuli khula par3atI hai.... ..... rasadAra yA sUkhA-sUkhA saba samAna!
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________________ gahana darzana kA sarala kAvya : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. (zrImatI) sandhyA bharADe 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kaI arthoM meM nirAlA hai yA isa kAvya kI vyAkhyA yadi hameM eka vAkya meM karanI ho to hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki yaha gambhIra viSaya para likhA gayA sarala kAvya hai|' darzana viSaya apane Apa meM itanA bojhila hai ki jahA~ tatsambandhI lekha par3hane ke lie bhI eka vizeSa mAnasikatA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, vahA~ kAvya kI vidhA meM tattvajJAna ko svIkAra karanA bahuta dUra kI bAta hai| phira bhI AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne isa duSkara kArya ko sAdhAraNoM taka pahu~cAne kA prayAsa 'mUkamATI' ke dvArA kiyA hai| cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta kAvya dvaita se advaita kI ora dhArApravAha baha rahA hai aura gatimAnatA zabdoM ko nae-nae arthoM kA jAmA pahanAkara hamAre sAmane rakhatI hai / jahA~ ArAdhya zuddha cetanA hai vahIM ArAdhanA nirliptatA hai| lekhaka ne yaha likhane kA adhikAra usa patha para calakara arjita kiyA hai jisa para calane ke lie sArI ahaMmanyatA aura aihikatA ko kapar3oM sahita utArakara dUra rakha denA hotA hai, phira kabhI na or3hane ke lie| __ jIvana kumbha ko maMgala kumbha meM parivartita karane ke prayAsa hI 'mUkamATI' ke zilAlekha haiN| miTTI meM mile kaMkara-patthara sAfa kara, miTTI bhigonA, rauMdanA aura loMdA taiyAra karanA, AkAra denA, use tapAnA--yahI prakriyA jIvana ke sandarbha meM kharI utaratI hai| hamAre aham, bhoga, lipsA ke kaMkara dUra karanA aura kSamA, zAnti se jIvana ko bhigonA hai| hamArI lAlasA aura ajJAna ko rauMdakara jIvana ko AkAra denA hai| sAdhanA ke cAka para car3hAkara tapasyA kI garmI meM tapAne se jIvana ke kumbha ko 'maMgala kalaza' kA AkAra denA hai| hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa dekheM to AdikAla meM hameM jaina AcAryoM kI racanAe~ milatI haiN| ___santa kAvya se 'mUkamATI' kI tulanA kara dekhA jAe to marAThI santa jJAnezvara' ke Adizakti ke prati vicAra hameM batAte haiM : "kiM bahunA sarva sukhI, asi jo tI hI lokI bhajI jo Adi puruSI ho Ave jo|" yahA~ 'tat tvamasi' ke bhAva sAkAra hue haiM jo 'mUkamATI' ke mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke samakakSa haiN| samartha rAmadAsa apane grantha 'dAsabodha' (dazaka ATha-samAsa 5, oLI 9-10) meM kahate haiM : "nAnA racanA kelI devI / je je nirmilI mAnavIM / sakaLa miLona pRthvI / jANije zrotI // AtAM aso he bahuvasa / jaDAMza ANI kaThiNAMza / sakaLa pRthvI hA vizvAsa / mAnilA pAhije // prakRti nirmita evaM prANI nirmita saba kucha pRthvI hai aura jo bhI hamAre yahA~ acetana, cetana hai, vaha saba pRthvImaya hai| miTTI kI mahimA sabhI santoM ne svIkArI hai / isI sandarbha meM marAThI kavi ga.di. mADaguLakara kahate haiM : "mAtI, pANI, ujeDa vArA,/tUca misaLazI sarva pasArA phiratyA cAkAvaratI desI/mAtIlA AkAra, tU veDA kuMbhAra..."
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 463 yahA~ to kavi ne Izvara ko hI pAgala kumhAra kahA hai / miTTI, pAnI, havA saba milAkara kAlacakra kI gati para AkAra dekara jIvana kumbha kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA hai| kavi kusumAgraja kI kaI kavitAe~ isa viSaya ko lekara haiM (miTTI aura aakaar)| ina kavitAoM kA eka sUtra hai / pRthvI tattva ko AkAza tattva kA AkarSaNa isakA mUla hai| miTTI sarva sAdhAraNa vyakti kI pratinidhi hai, jaba ki AkAza bhavya-divya aura udAtta bhAvanAoM kA pratIka hai : "mAtI ce paNa tujheca he ghara/kara tejomaya balamaya suNdr|" jo hamArA hai vaha miTTI kA hai aura jo miTTI kA hai vaha hamArA hai / hameM hamako hI banAnA hai yAnI anagar3ha ko gar3hanA hai / bAharI sAdhanoM se andara kI cetanA ko sa~vArane vAlI bAta AcAryajI 'mUkamATI' dvArA samajhAnA cAha rahe haiN| binA kisI ADambara ke jaise vaha svayaM nisvArthI, nirAmaya bhAva se apanA jIvana jI rahe haiN| moha-mAyA ko hI apanA jIvana samajhane vAle ke lie unhoMne kahA hai : "bAharI kriyA se/bhItarI jiyA se/sahI-sahI sAkSAtkAra kiyA nahIM jA sktaa| aura/galata nirNaya de/jiyA nahIM jA sktaa|" (pR.30) jaina darzana ke anusAra Izvara ko sRSTi kA nirmAtA nahIM mAnA gayA hai| yadi use azarIrI mAneM to yaha sambhava nahIM hai / ata: vicArakoM kA prAya: yahI mata hai ki Izvara muktAvasthA chor3a kara phira zarIra dhAraNa kara sRSTi kA nirmANa karatA hai, lekina yaha sambhava nahIM hai kyoMki yadi sRSTi Izvara nirmita hotI to usameM itanI asamAnatA, U~ca-nIca, choTA-bar3A, janma se hI kurUpa-sundaratA sambhava nahIM hai| yadi Izvara ke sazarIra astitva ko mAnA jAe to saMsAra ke astitva ko mAnanA bhI anivArya hai aura saMsAra ke astitva ko mAnate haiM to sivAya du:kha ke saMsAra meM kyA hai ? Izvara to sabhI duHkhoM se Upara hai, isalie Izvaratva saMsAra meM sambhava nhiiN| hA~, saMsArI ke dvArA sAdhanA ke bala para Izvara avazya banA jA sakatA hai / isIlie svAmIjI ne kahA hai : "ora-chora kahA~ usa sattA kA ?/tIra-taTa kahA~ gurumattA kA ?" (pR. 129) pUre mahAkAvya meM sAdhanA aura parizrama para bala diyA gayA hai| kahIM bhI Alasya, adhIratA, lobha Adi ko sthAna nahIM hai| vaise to hamAre yahA~ sabhI bhASAoM meM santa kAvya kA bAhulya hai| phira miTrI aura mAnava kA sambandha bhI utanA hI prAcIna hai jitanI prAcIna sRSTi / tabhI to kabIradAsajI ne kahA hai : "mATI kahe kumhAra se tU kyA raudai moya / ika dina aisA AyagA maiM rauMdUMgI toya // " marAThI meM santa kAvya kI eka oghavatI dhArA pravAhita huI hai / santa jJAnezvara, jina kI 'jJAnezvarI' Aja bhI sammAnanIya aura gItAbhASya kA Adarza udAharaNa hai, santa tukArAma kI gAthA, phira nAmadeva, janAbAI Adi ke kAvya bhaktirasa pUrNa evaM geya haiN| hindI meM to sUra, tulasI, mIrA, kabIra Adi bhakti-kAla kI alaukika dena haiN| nissandeha bhakti kI yaha dhArA pratyeka kAla meM manuSya ko apane rasa se plAvita karatI AI hai, lekina hamezA se Izvara ke saguNa aura nirguNa hone kA dAvA apane-apane kAvya meM bhaktoM ne kiyA hai|
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________________ 464 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya saguNa-nirguNa se dUra, sat-asat se alaga, sabhI vAda-vivAdoM se mukta apane Apa meM satya kI pratiSThA kA gaurava hai / satya kaDuA hotA hai, ataH nIlakaNTha' honA Avazyaka hai / yadi hama isakI gaharAI meM utaranA cAheM to yaha kArya kaThina bhI hai| isIlie halakA-phulakA par3hane vAloM ko yaha kahIM-kahIM gadya kAvya kA AbhAsa de jAtA hai| __ kavitA kI kasauTI para kasA jAne ke lie yaha 'bhAva kAvya' to hai nahIM, jo isameM kavitA ke ve tattva khoje jAe~, jo sAdhAraNa kavitA ke mUlyamApana haiM / dArzanika kAvya, dArzanika tattvoM ke AdhAra para taulA jAnA caahie| yahA~ svayaM AcAryajI kaha rahe haiM : "kahate lajjAnubhava ho rahA hai/prAsaMgika kArya karane meM pUrNata: hama akSama haiM/etadartha kSamAprArthI haiN|" (pR. 471) yahA~ darzana ke sAtha kSamA yAcanA kI, namratA evaM pUrNatA kA AbhAsa hai / aham aura auddhatya kA achUtApana 'mUkamATI' kA gaurava hai / yahA~ taka pahu~canA sahaja sAdhya nahIM hai / phira vidyAsAgarajI miTTI kI mUka vedanA ko abhivyakti dekara yaha bhI siddha kara dete haiM ki miTTI jaisI vastu bhI phAlatU nahIM hotii| usake apane sukha-duHkha haiN| yaha to kumhAra kI kuzalatA hai ki vaha use kaisA rUpa de| ___miTTI se maMgala kalaza taka kI yaha yAtrA kisa patha se sukara hai ?--isa taraha kA upadeza 'mUkamATI' meM na hokara vaha patha pradarzaka hai, isalie 'para upadeza kuzala bahutere' doSa se kAvya baca gayA hai| aba darzana ko kAvyavidhA meM vyakta karane ke lie isase sarala zabda yojanA aura kyA hotI ? ata: nizcita rUpa se yaha bAta kahI jA sakatI hai ki saguNa-nirguNa, sat-asat, dvandva-nirdvandva kI sArI pagaDaNDI ko sAfa kara AcAryajI ne zuddha cetanA kI upAsanA kA mArga 'mUkamATI' dvArA sarva sAdhAraNa ke lie prazasta kara diyA hai| pR. 2. lajjA yUpaTa meM..... ... ottdetiihai| lo!... raghara....! ........ anahonIsIyAMnA
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : eka kamanIya kalpanA maganalAla 'kamala' parama santa AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI dvArA viracita mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' ko dUsare zabdoM meM sugandhita svarNa ke samAna sahaja, asulabha vastu kahanA sarvathA samIcIna hai / isa kRti meM sarasatA aura adhyAtma kA maNi-kAMcana saMyoga ise anya sAhityika racanAoM se bhinna koTi meM pratiSThita karatA hai| ___ AcAryazrI ke jJAna, vairAgya, tapa, sAdhanA aura prabuddhatA ke darzana isa mahAkAvya ke pratyeka pRSTha kI pratyeka paMkti meM kie jA sakate haiN| ___ mahAkAvya ke prAcIna lakSaNoM ke nikaSa para isa sugandhita svarNa kI parIkSA karanA ucita nahIM hai| kAvyazAstrIyoM ne jisa samaya mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM kI udbhAvanA kI thI, taba se aba taka samaya-saritA meM na jAne kitanA salila saraka cukA hai ? Aja kahA~ raha gaI haiM prAcIna mAnyatAe~ aura sthApanAe~ ? prAMjala bhASA meM nibaddha isa kamanIya kRti kI sarasatA, vizAlatA, soddezyatA evaM vaicArikatA ise mahAkAvya siddha karane ko paryApta hai| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ina cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hai -(1) saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha', (2) zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM, (3) 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' evaM (4) agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' / isa mahAkAvya kI kathA saMkSipta hote hue bhI apane meM dArzanikatA evaM vaicArikatA ke aneka AyAma sameTe hue hai / dharatI kI putrI mATI ko apane uddhAraka kumbhakAra kI yuga-yuga se pratIkSA thI ki vaha use kaMkara kI saMkaratA se chuTakArA dilAkara varNalAbha karAegA / mUkamATI kI sAdha pUrI huii| kumbhakAra kudAlI kI sahAyatA se use khodakara aura apane sahacara gadhe para lAdakara use apane upAzrama meM le gyaa| vahA~ mATI ko kUTakara evaM chAnakara ve kaMkara alaga kie gae jo usakI saMkaratA ke kAraNa the| kue~ se bAlaTI meM jala bhara kara lAyA gayA jisameM eka machalI bhI apanI mukti kAmanA se jAna-bUjhakara A gaI thii| kumbhakAra ne eka sacce ahiMsaka jaina zrAvaka ke samAna pAnI ko chAnA aura machalI sahita sabhI jIvoM ko chane hue jala ke sAtha puna: kue~ meM DAla diyA / pAnI ke mizraNa ke pazcAt mATI ko rauMda-rauMda kara loMdA banA liyA gyaa| cAka para car3hakara loda ne kumbhakAra ke hAthoM kI kalA ke sahAre ghaTa kA AkAra prApta kiyaa| kucha sUkhane para kumbhakAra ne bhItara hAtha kA sahArA diyA aura bAhara se moMgarI kI coTeM mAra-mAra kara use nirdoSa, manamohaka ghaTa banA diyaa| ghaTa para kumbhakAra ne aneka prakAra ke aMka, bIjAkSara evaM citra race / agni meM tapakara ghar3A aba maMgala mUrti - maMgala ghaTa banA / maMgala ghaTa zraddhA ke AdhAra, bhakta, nagara seTha ke hAthoM meM pahu~cA aura AhAra-grahaNa hetu padhAre guru ke pAda prakSAlana hetu usa maMgala ghaTa meM bhare jala kA sadupayoga hone se, mUkamATI ke parivartita rUpa ghaTa kA jIvana sArthaka ho gyaa| isa sarvathA navIna mahAkAvya ko prAcIna upanetra arthAt cazme ke mAdhyama se dekhane vAle, isameM nAyaka - nAyikA kI khoja kreNge| isameM nAyikA hai mUkamATI, jo bAda meM maMgala ghaTa bana jAtI hai| jaina siddhAnta ke anusAra jIvAtmA strI paryAya se apane puNya ke AdhAra para puruSa paryAya dhAraNa karake hI mukti lAbha karatA hai| mATI se maMgala ghaTa banakara sArthaka hone meM yahI saMketa hai| mATI se loMdA aura loda se ghaTa rUpa honA utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya hai, jo dravya kA lakSaNa hai| isameM ghaTa utpAda, loMdA vyaya aura mATI dhrauvya hai / aura mATI kA kaMkara kI saMkaratA se chuTakArA prApta kara varNa lAbha lenA yAnI karmoM ke Asava' -Ane ke dvAra para sA~kala car3ha jAnA hai|
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________________ 466 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA mATI kA chane, nirmala jala ke mizraNa se loMdA aura kacce ghaTa rUpa honA 'saMvara' hai, jo mATI kI nirmala paryAya kA dyotaka hai| phira kacce ghaTa kA ave meM tapanA, pakanA, bIjAkSaroM se yukta honA hI 'tapa' hai, jisase pUrvArjita pApoM kA nAza hotA hai| kacce ghaTa ko tapA-pakAkara pakke aura maMgala ghaTa kA rUpa prApta honA, 'nirjarA' hai / zuddha jala yukta maMgala ghaTa se pUjya gurudeva kA pAda prakSAlana arthAt parama se carama kI ora UrjAyukta honA hI 'mokSa' hai| " nAyakoM ke aneka sopAnakrama haiN| prArambha meM nAyaka hai kumbhakAra / kumbhakAra, ghaTa ko sevaka ke mAdhyama se nagara seTha ko arpita karatA hai, taba nAyaka kA mukuTa nagara seTha ke zIza para pratiSThita ho jAtA hai / nagara seTha dvArA AhAra grahaNa hetu padhAre gurudeva ke pAda prakSAlana meM, jala pUrNa ghaTa kA upayoga hone se, nAyaka kA pada gurudeva ke caraNoM meM samarpita ho gayA hai / gurudeva kA jIvana arihanta ke prati samarpita hai, isa kAraNa antima aura vAstavika nAyaka ve hI siddha hote haiN| mahAkAvya kA Arambha USAkAla ke manorama evaM kalyANakArI vAtAvaraNa meM hotA hai : "prAcI ke adharoM para/manda madhurima muskAna hai/sara para pallA nahIM hai| aura/sindUrI dhUla ur3atI-sI/raMgIna-rAga kI AbhA/bhAI hai, bhAI..!" (pR.1) kAvya, rasAtmaka vAkya athavA zabdArtha kI niSitA yA ramaNIya artha kI pratipAdakatA hai| isa mahAkAvya meM anAyAsa hI aise sthala mila jAte haiM, jinake zabda aura artha pAThaka ko rasavibhora karane ko paryApta haiM / saMketa rUpa meM eka udAharaNa prastuta hai : "jahA~ kahIM bhI dekhA/mahi meM mahimA hima kI mahakI,/aura Aja ! ghanI aliguNa-hanI/zani kI khanI-sI/bhaya-mada-agha kI janI duguNI ho AI rAta hai|" (pR. 91) vivecanA kI sImA nahIM hai aura udAharaNa zatAdhika ho sakate haiM, kintu saMkSiptatA kA Adara bhI to karanA hai| isalie eka antima AdhyAtmika udAharaNa kI prastuti ke pazcAt mana, vANI aura lekhanI ko virAma detA hU~ : "bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA/AmUla miTa jAnA hI/mokSa hai| isI kI zuddha-dazA meM/avinazvara sukha hotA hai/jise/prApta hone ke bAda, yahA~/saMsAra meM AnA kaise sambhava hai/tuma hI batAo !" (pR. 486-487) .. anta meM tapasvI AcArya santa kavi vidyAsAgarajI aura unakI prajJA se upaje kalpavRkSa 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ko zata-zata nmn| lajjAke yaTa meM zbatI sI kumudinIprabhAkara ke kara-khuvana se bacanA cAratI haiM varaH
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________________ 'mUkamATI' meM nihita 'mATI' kA svarUpa DaoN. vinoda kumAra jaina evaM DaoN. arpaNA jaina 'Adhunika hindI nibandha' (sAhitya aura jIvana, pR. 25) kRti meM bhuvanezvarIcaraNa saksenA ke anusAra "sAhitya kI dhArA cira kAla se pravAhita hotI calI A rahI hai, phira bhI yaha adyatana navIna hai; aura isakI cira-navInatA kA kAraNa yaha hai ki sadaiva se hI kavi kI pratibhA apanI sUkSma, maulika kalpanA ke sAtha saMyukta hokara aise kAvyagranthoM kA sRjana karatI rahI hai, jinameM sAdhAraNa viSaya bhI na kevala navIna AyAmoM se sampRkta ho jAte haiM apitu apane bhItara aneka navIna udbhAvanAoM kI sambhAvanA ko bhI sameTe rahate haiN| vastuta: isI kAraNa sAhitya kI dhArA pravahamAna hai| yadi sAhitya meM navInatA kA yaha prayoga ruka gayA to usakA vikAsa ruka jAegA aura vaha mRtaprAya ho jaaegaa|" 'mUkamATI' Adhunika hindI kA aisA hI mahAkAvya hai jo apane vibhinna prakAra ke abhinava prayogoM evaM vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa AlocanA kA pramukha kendra bindu bana gayA hai / ina abhinava prayogoM meM se eka hai- isameM nihita 'mATI kA svarUpa' / 'mUkamATI' meM mATI kA sarvathA navIna evaM racanAtmaka rUpa dikhAI detA hai / vastuta: isake pUrva bhI mATI sAhitya kA viSaya rahI hai kintu svatantra sattA ke rUpa meM / isI ko viSaya banAkara itanA vizAla grantha samprati nahIM likhA gayA thaa| kavitAoM kI racanA avazya huI thI, yathA- zivamaMgala siMha 'sumana' dvArA racita 'mATI kI mahimA' meM : "phasaleM ugatI, phasaleM kaTatI lekina dharatI cira urvara hai sau bAra bane sau bAra miTe lekina miTTI avinazvara hai|" aisI hI anya aneka chuTapuTa kavitAe~ haiM, jinameM mATI kA prayoga dezaprema, deza kI ekatA athavA kRSi jaise pUrva niyojita athavA rUr3ha rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| vastuta: sAhityakAroM ne mATI ke prati eka pratibaddha dRSTikoNa apanAte hue use isI rUpa meM rUr3ha kara diyA thaa| isa rUr3hatA ke AvaraNa ko haTAyA hai- 'mUkamATI' ke racayitA AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne| unhoMne kambhakAra dvArA miTaTI kA ghaDA banAne kI choTI-sI ghaTanA ke mAdhyama se mATI ko vibhinna abhinava AyAmoM se sampRkta kiyA hai| ___ mahAkAvya kI isa ghaTanA meM mATI eka aisI nAyikA hai jise yugoM-yugoM se apane priyatama kI pratIkSA hai, kyoMki usI kA Agamana mATI ke svarUpa ko aise navIna maMgalamaya svarUpa meM parivartita kara sakatA hai jisakI abhilASA meM mATI vyAkula ho rahI hai / antata: kumbhakAra AtA hai evaM pratIkSArata apanI preyasI ko usI maMgalamaya rUpa arthAt kumbha meM parivartita kara detA hai| __'mUkamATI' meM mATI kI ukta kathA ke varNana hetu kavi ne usake parizodhana evaM kramika vikAsa kA varNana karate hue use vividha mAnavIya bhAvanAoM evaM saMvedanAoM se sampRkta kiyA hai, usake dvArA saMgharSamaya jIvana kA sandeza diyA hai, AsthA ke svarUpa kA varNana kiyA hai, vividha dArzanika siddhAntoM kI vyAkhyA kI hai evaM sabase pramukha bAta to yaha hai ki mATI ke parizodhana ke mAdhyama se mAnava ke parizodhana kI bAta kahI hai| mahAkAvya ke prArambha meM mATI ko eka aisI saMkocazIlA lAjavatI ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai jo adhama pApiyoM ke dvArA satAyI gaI hai tathA vibhinna prakAra kI yAtanAoM ko sahate hue ghuTana bharI z2indagI vyatIta karane ko vivaza hai| "svayaM patitA hU~/aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se, ...adhama pApiyoM se/pada-dalitA hU~ mA~ !" (pR. 4)
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________________ 468 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA itane ke pazcAt bhI usameM parAkrama kA abhAva hai| putrI mATI mA~ dharatI ke sammukha apanI isI vedanA kA varNana karatI hai, jisase pAThaka kA antarmana bhI karuNA se Arta ho uThatA hai kintu phira bhI mATI ko apane bhItara nihita guNoM evaM mUlyoM kI anubhUti hai, vastuta: isI kAraNa vaha adhika vyathita evaM vyagra hai / ata: vaha apanI antarmana kI vyathA-vedanA ko mA~ dharatI ke sammukha vyakta karatI huI unase apane astitva surakSA kI mA~ga karatI hai, ThIka usI prakAra jaise yadi koI bAlaka yogya hote hue bhI upekSita kiyA jAe to vaha sIdhe apanI mA~ ke pAsa jAtA hai evaM usake dvArA apanI yogyatA se sabako avagata karAnA cAhatA hai / isake sAtha hI mATI apane lie saritA se ucita mArgadarzana kI bhI mAMga karatI hai, kyoMki sambhavata: isake abhAva ke kAraNa hI vaha abhI taka dukha-yuktA rahI ho| mATI ko apane astitva kI abhilASA avazya hai kintu isake lie jaba vaha apane antarmana ko parakhatI hai to use svayaM meM aneka doSa dikhalAI dete haiM, jisase use apanI laghutA kA bhAna hotA hai / mATI dvArA apanI laghutA kI isa anubhUti ko mA~ saritA mahattvapUrNa mAnatI huI prasanna hotI hai evaM isakI tulanA usa sAdhaka se karatI hai jisane 'gurutama' ko pahacAna liyA hai : "tUne jo/apane Apako/patita jAnA hai/laghu-tama mAnA hai yaha apUrva ghaTanA/isalie hai ki/tUne/nizcita-rUpa se prabhu ko,/guru-tama ko/pahacAnA hai !" (pR. 9) isake pazcAt mATI ke parizodhana kI prakriyA prArambha hotI hai| parizodhana kI prakriyA usameM mile hue kaMkarapattharoM ko pRthak karane ke sAtha prArambha hotI hai| ise kavi ne kAvya ke prathama khaNDa arthAt 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' ke antargata varNita kiyA hai / yahA~ para kavi kA dhyeya mATI ke prakArAntara se mAnava ke parizodhana kI prakriyA ko abhivyakta karanA bhI rahA hai / vastuta: mAnava ko ucca evaM mahimAyukta hone ke lie Avazyaka hai ki vaha apane antarmana meM nihita doSoM ko pahacAna kara unakA nivAraNa kare, kyoMki jaba taka ve usake antarmana meM apanA nivAsa banAe rakheMge taba taka mAnava ke vyaktitva kA pariSkAra sambhava nahIM hai / ve dIrghakAla taka usake bhItara nihita rahane ke pazcAt bhI usake guNoM ke sAtha mila kara tadanukUla nahIM ho sakate / ata: yahI ucita hai ki unako haTA kara 'varNa-lAbha' kiyA jAe : "are kaMkaro!/ mATI se milana to huaa/pr| mATI meM mile nahIM tuma !/mATI se chuvana to huA para/mATI meM ghule nahIM tuma !/itanA hI nahIM,/calatI cakkI meM DAlakara tumheM pIsane para bhI/apane guNa-dharma/bhUlate nahIM tuma !" (pR. 49) isI prakAra dvitIya khaNDa 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha sozodha nahIM' meM bhI mAnava ke zabda jJAna, usase utpanna bodha tathA bodha ke pariNAmasvarUpa mAnava dvArA apane antarmana kA parizodhana bhI kavi kA lakSya rahA hai, jise sahaja hI dekhA jA sakatA hai / mAnava ke parizodhana kI yaha prakriyA mATI kI vikAsa kathA ke sAtha-sAtha hI Age bar3hatI huI mahAkAvya ke tRtIya khaNDa 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' taka pahu~ca jAtI hai / isa khaNDa ke antargata kavi kahatA hai ki satkarmoM kA pariNAma bhI sat hI hotA hai / yadi antarmana vibhinna prakAra ke parigrahoM, kaSAyoM kA tyAga karake kisI kArya kA prArambha karatA hai to aise kArya kA pariNAma bhI nizcita rUpa se zubha hotA hai| antima caturtha khaNDa meM mATI kA abhinava rUpa aura adhika mukhara ho uThA hai / isa khaNDa meM racayitA ne yugoM-yugoM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 469 se tuccha evaM upekSitA mATI se nirmita kumbha ko svarNanirmita kumbha se bhI adhika zreSTha batalA kara use aise zikhara bindu para AsIna kara diyA hai, jahA~ se vaha aura adhika mahimAyukta pratIta hone lagatI hai| kintu yaha pada use sahaja hI prApta nahIM ho gayA hai apitu isake lie usane apane antarmana ko TaTolA hai, usameM nihita doSoM ko pahacAna kara unheM jalAyA hai, unase mukti prApta kI hai : "maiM nirdoSa nahIM hU~/doSoM kA koSa banA huA hU~ mujha meM ve doSa bhare hue haiN| jaba taka unakA jalanA nahIM hogA maiM nirdoSa nahIM ho sktaa|" (pR. 277) antata: zuddha evaM buddha, cetana hone ke pazcAt hI isa pada kI adhikAriNI huI hai / vastuta: dekhA jAe to mAnava ko bhI zreSTha evaM mahimAyukta banane ke lie ukta prakriyA se hI guz2aranA par3atA hai, kyoMki jaba taka vaha kaSAya se yukta rahegA usakI vRtti sAttvika nahIM ho sakatI / sAttvika vRtti ke abhAva meM kabhI bhI mAnava mAnavatA ko prApta nahIM kara sakatA, phalasvarUpa apane jIvana ke utkarSa bindu para bhI nahIM pahu~ca sakatA / ata: ina sabake lie Avazyaka hai ki apane bhItara sthita parigrahoM evaM kaSAyoM kA tyAga kare / isI tathya ko kavi ne mATI ke mAdhyama se kuzalatApUrvaka abhivyakta kiyA hai| vastuta: AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne mATI ko vibhinna abhinava vizeSatAoM se sampRkta karane ke sAtha hI usake mAdhyama se anya vividha tathyoM kI abhivyakti bhI kI hai, jinameM mAnava ke varNana kA bhI pramukha sthAna hai| kavi ne aneka sthaloM para mATI ko AdhAra banAkara jaina dharma ke dArzanika siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, jo kahIM-kahIM bauddhikatA ke Adhikya ke kAraNa bojhila-se pratIta hote haiN| aise sthala atyalpa haiM, adhikAMza sthaloM para, jaisA ki zrI lakSmIcandra jaina kA kahanA hai ki dArzanika tattvoM kA vivecana mATI-dharatI ke saMvAda ke rUpa meM athavA anya rUpa meM kAvya kI dhArA meM sahaja pravAhita hote cale gae haiN| jaise-kumbhakAra ke yahA~ nagara seTha ke naukara dvArA mATI se nirmita kumbha ko sAta bAra bajAne para usameM se ni:sRta sAta prakAra kI dhvaniyoM kA kavi dvArA dArzanikatA ke stara para vivecana karanA athavA 'utpAda-vyayadhauvya-yuktaM sat' sUtra kA varNana karanA, ityAdi / inameM varNita jIvana darzana sAyAsa nirmita na hokara kavi kI pracaNDa pratibhA ke phalasvarUpa usakI bhAva lahariyoM se sahaja hI niHsRta hotA gayA hai : "kumbha ke mukha para prasannatA hai muktAtmA-sI/tairate-tairate pA liyA ho apAra bhava-sAgara kA pAra !/...kAyA meM rahane mAtra se/kAyA kI anubhUti nahIM, mAyA meM rahane mAtra se/mAyA kI prasUti nahIM,/unake prati lagAva-cAva bhI anivArya hai|" (pR. 298) dArzanika tathyoM ke pratipAdana ke atirikta mATI-dharatI ke saMvAda meM dharatI dvArA mATI ko jo jIvana saMgharSa kI preraNA dI gaI hai evaM AsthA ke jisa svarUpa ko varNita kiyA gayA hai usake dvArA bhI mATI ke abhinava rUpa sAmane Ate haiN| isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki Adyanta sAhityakAroM ke ekAMgI athavA pratibaddha dRSTikoNa meM Abaddha mATI 'mUkamATI' meM racanAkAra kI pratibhA evaM usakI racanAdharmitA ke kAraNa na sirfa vibhinna abhinava AyAmoM meM abhivyakta huI hai, apitu apane garbha meM aisI aneka navIna udbhAvanAoM ko bhI sameTe hue hai jinase nizcaya hI Ane vAlA sAhitya aura adhika puSTa aura samRddha ho skegaa|
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________________ adhyAtma rasa kA zabdazAstra : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. (zrImatI) alakA pracaNDiyA 'dIti' vandanIya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke antas kA visphoTa 'mUkamATI' sAhitya aura darzana ke mUlabhUta siddhAntoM kA abhinava Akalana hai| AcAryazrI kA jIvana darzana unakI sAdhanA yAtrA kA navanIta hai| yaha navanIta unakI anubhUti kA sAra-pariNAma hai jo cintana ke nikaSa para kharA utaratA hai| unakA mAnanA hai : "tana aura mana ko/tapa kI Aga meM/tapA-tapA kara jalA-jalA kara/rAkha karanA hogA/yatanA ghora karanA hogA tabhI kahIM cetana-AtmA/kharA utaregA |/khraa zabda bhI svayaM vilomarUpa se kaha rahA hai-/rAkha bane binA kharA-darzana kahA~ ?/raa"kh"kh"raa"|" (pR. 57) AkAra meM bRhat aura cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta 'mUkamATI' zabda sAdhanA kA jIvanta dastAvez2a hai / nArI, sutA, duhitA, kumArI, strI, abalA Adi ke Antarika artha AcAryazrI kI mahilAoM ke prati Adara-AsthA kA paricAyaka hai| itanA hI nahIM, nArI ke zAnta, saMyata rUpa kI zAlInatA ko bhI AcAryazrI ne sarAhA hai / puruSa kI pUrNatA aura sArthakatA kA Adheya nArI hai| yahI nArI puruSa ke pApa ko puNya meM pariNata karatI hai| usakI vAsanA ko upAsanA kA darjA dilAtI hai / kavizrI kA mAnanA hai ki puruSa kA kAma puruSArtha' nirdoSa ho, isalie nArI garbhadhAraNa karatI hai : "dharma, artha aura kAma-puruSArthoM se/gRhastha jIvana zobhA pAtA hai| ina puruSArthoM ke samaya/prAya: puruSa hI/pApa kA pAtra hotA hai, vaha pApa, puNya meM parivartita ho/isI hetu striyA~ prayatla-zIlA rahatI haiM sadA |/puruss kI vAsanA saMyata ho,/aura puruSa kI upAsanA saMgata ho,/yAnI kAma puruSArtha nirdoSa ho, basa, isI prayojanavaza/vaha garbha dhAraNa karatI hai|" (pR. 204) itanA hI nahIM, nArI saMgrahavRtti aura apavyaya roga se puruSa ko bacAtI hai tathA dAna-pUjA Adi se dharma paramparA kI saMrakSA karatI hai : "saMgraha-vRtti aura apavyaya-roga se/puruSa ko bacAtI hai sadA, arjita-artha kA samucita vitaraNa karake |/daan-puujaa-sevaa Adika satkarmoM ko, gRhastha dharmoM ko/sahayoga de, puruSa se karA kara dharma-paramparA kI rakSA karatI hai|" (pR. 204-205) AcAryazrI ne mATI ko apane kAvya kA varNya viSaya banAkara apanI maulika udbhAvanA kA paricaya diyA hai| 'mATI' se 'maMgala ghaTa' taka kI yAtrA meM kumbhakAra ko kyA kucha karanA hotA hai, usa prakriyA ko kavizrI ne pratIka zailI meM citrita kiyA hai| 'mUkamATI' se hama santa kavi ke sAhitya bodha se bhI paricita hote haiM, jaba ve nava rasoM ko paribhASita karate haiM tathA zRMgAra aura prakRti kI vyAkhyA kAvyAtmaka zailI meM prastuta karate haiM / isa varNya viSaya ke
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 471 pratipAdana meM jaina darzana ko bar3e sahaja DhaMga se AcAryazrI ne ukerA hai / Aja jIvana meM ghaTita sAmAjika sandarbho kA samAdhAna diyA hai AcAryazrI ne samAja vyavasthA ko vizleSita karake / AcAryazrI kA sAmAjika dAyitva bodha darzanIya "...kheda hai ki/lobhI pApI mAnava/pANigrahaNa ko bhI prANa-grahaNa kA rUpa dete haiN|" (pR. 386) dhyAna ke sandarbha meM AcAryazrI kA Adhunika citraNa dekhate hI banatA hai| AcAryazrI mAnava ke do rUpa batAte haiM : "isa yuga ke/do mAnava/apane Apa ko/khonA cAhate haiMeka/bhoga-rAga ko/madya-pAna ko/cunatA hai; aura eka/yoga-tyAga ko/Atma-dhyAna ko/dhunatA hai| kucha hI kSaNoM meM/donoM hote/vikalpoM se mukta / phira kyA kahanA!/eka zava ke samAna/nirA par3A hai, aura eka/ziva ke samAna/kharA utarA hai|" (pR. 286) 'mUkamATI' vastutaH prabandhakAvya kA eka abhinava svarUpa lie 'adhyAtma rasa kA zabdazAstra' hai / isameM alaMkAroM kI cittAkarSaka chaTA hai tathA zabda kI antaraMga artha bhaMgimA kI jhA~kI hai, jisase kAvya kI bhASA kA artha gaurava' bar3hA hai / lokoktiyoM aura muhAvaroM ke samAveza se bhASA kA sauSThava darzanIya hai / saMvAdoM meM nATakIyatA aura sampreSaNIyatA se kAvya meM rocakatA kA saMcAra huA hai| nizcaya hI AcAryazrI kA yaha prabandhakAvya Adhunika hindI kAvya yAtrA kI nUtana dena kahI jaaegii| pR.7. aitIzAzvata hotI hai.... - ... varaLepameM avatAra letA hai parIrasakI maataa| Pi EO22 VPM
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________________ AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara aura unakA mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' DaoN. lakSmI nArAyaNa gupta jaina darzana ke AcArya aura santa zrI vidyAsAgarajI kA avadAna, dArzanika upalabdhiyA~ kevala jaina dharmAvalambiyoM taka sImita nahIM raha gaI haiM, unakA prabhAva sAre bhAratIya samAja para bhI par3A hai| isakA viziSTa kAraNa hai unakA kavi hRdaya / kavi draSTA va sraSTA hotA hai / vaha manISI aura svayambhU hotA hai, yaha yuga-yugAntara kI mAnyatA hai| 'kavi-manISI paribhUH svayambhUH' kI ukti ke sAtha kavi ko loka jIvana meM pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai| vidyAsAgarajI vidyA aura darzana ke sAgara haiM, to unakA hRdaya bhI avazya ratnAkara hai / yadi sAmpradAyikatAvAda se pRthak vartamAna yuga ke dezI-videzI pariveza ke pariprekSya meM dekhA jAe to AcAryajI sadAzayatA aura AtmotkarSa kA mArgadarzana karane vAle aise tyAga aura tapasyA kI sAkSAt vibhUti haiM, jinake upadezoM ke anukaraNa aura AcaraNa se jIvana hI nahIM, mokSa bhI sahaja aura sulabha ho jAtA hai| jaina darzana meM AtmotkarSa kI viziSTa pravidhi aura prakriyA hai / yahA~ jIva kA svarUpa nimna rUpa meM vyakta kiyA gayA hai : "jIvo uvaogamao, amutti kattA sadehaparimANo / bhottA saMsAratyo, siddho so vissasoDDhagaI // " ('dravyasaMgraha'/2) arthAt jIva upayogamayI hai, amUrtika hai, kartA hai, svadeha parimANa vAlA hai, bhoktA hai, saMsArI hai, siddha hai tathA svAbhAvika Urdhvagati vAlA hai| jIva ko siddhAvasthA/muktAvasthA taka pahu~cane ke lie aneka saMjJAoM/dazAoM ko pAra karanA par3atA hai| AcAryazrI ne 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI racanA meM aneka navIna udbhAvanAoM aura artha nirUpaNa kI kalAtmaka abhivyaktiyoM ke sAtha jIvana vikAsa ke krama ko sa~joyA hai / mATI jaise nirjIva pAtra ko sAMsArikatA meM upekSita nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| zarIra bhI to antata: mATI hI hai| mATI kA astitva to hotA hI hai, kintu yadi vaha kisI kalaza, mUrti yA anya pAtra ke rUpa meM Dhala jAe to mATI sArthaka, jIvanta aura dUsare ko saMjIvanI pradAna karane kI kSamatA prApta kara sakatI hai / AcAryazrI kI mUkamATI saritA taTa kI hai / vaha apanI mA~ pRthvI se nivedana karatI hai| 'saritA taTa kI mATI apanA hRdaya kholatI hai mA~ dharatI ke sammukha'-jIvana darzana kA yahA~ se atha / prArambha hotA hai aura iti taka pahu~cane ke bIca jAne kitane jaiva-ajaiva jhaMjhAvAtoM se use guz2aranA hotA hai / mATI apane ko patitA mAnatI hai / vaha dharatI mA~ se kahatI hai : "svayaM patitA hU~/aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se,/.. adhama pApiyoM se pada-dalitA hU~ mA~ !/sukha-muktA hU~,/du:kha yuktA hU~ tiraskRta tyaktA hU~ mA~ !" (pR. 4) vaha Age kahatI jAtI hai : "ghuTana chupAtI-chupAtI/.."cUMTa/pItI hI jA rahI hU~, kevala kahane ko/jItI hI A rahI huuN|" (pR. 5) mUkamATI kA yaha jIvana tiraskRta, nirjIva hai / vaha mA~ se nivedana karatI hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 473 "isa paryAya kI/iti kaba hogI ?/isa kAyA kI cyuti kaba hogI ?/batA do, mA~ "ise / " (pR. 5) mUkamATI vyAkula hai AkAra pAne, jIvanta pAtratA pAne / vaha apanI dharatI mA~ se pada, patha, pAtheya sabhI kucha cAhatI hai : "aura suno,/vilamba mata karo/pada do, patha do pAtheya bhI do mA~ !" (pR. 5) yaha 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA atha hai| sArA varNana mahAkAvya kI garimA se Alipta hai / mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgara isa mahAkAvya meM jIvana aura mukti, mana aura hRdaya, sAdhanA aura sAdhya-sabhI kucha jIvanIya aura sAMvedanika, marma tathA dharma, karma aura utsarga evaM utkarSa ko sAtha hI sAtha varNita karate haiN| koI bhI jIvana darzana gahana sAdhanA, tapa aura tapazcaryA, zauca aura indriyanigraha ke binA siddha nahIM ho sktaa| jIvana kI sArthakatA AtmA para par3e kaSAyoM, doSoM, vikAroM, durguNoM ke AvaraNa ko haTAne meM hai / vyakti kharA tabhI bana pAtA hai, jaba vaha sAdhanoM kI agni meM tapa-tapakara rAkha bana jaae| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kA kavi karma aura AcAryatva donoM hI mujhe unakI isa sUkSmatama sUjhabUjha meM dRSTigocara hote haiM, jahA~ unhoMne rAkha jaisI nikRSTatama vastu hone meM kharA (viloma zabda) ko utkarSa mArga ke rUpa meM DhUMr3ha nikAlA hai / ve kahate haiM : "tana aura mana ko/tapa kI Aga meM/tapA-tapA kara/jalA-jalA kara rAkha karanA hogA/yatanA ghora karanA hogA/tabhI kahIM cetana-AtmA kharA utregaa|/khraa zabda bhI svayaM/viloma rUpa se kaha rahA hai rAkha bane binA/kharA-darzana kahA~ ?/rA 'kh'khraa|" (pR. 57) mahAkAvya kI saMracanA mahAn AtmA se paripUrNa vyaktitva se hI sambhava hai| 'mUkamATI' arthAt zava ko ziva banA sakane kA varadAna AcAryazrI ko prApta hai / yahI mahAkAvya kA camatkAra hai| 'mUkamATI' avazya hI paThanIya hai| / pR.483 nisargasehIsRjanyAtukI bhAMti -miga-bhila upa pA. tumane svayaMko......
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________________ 'mUkamATI': eka vItarAga santa sAhityakAra kI kAvya-yAtrA ___ke. ela. seThI vaise to AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kA aba taka maiM kevala AdhyAtmika mahAn santa ke rUpa meM hI paricaya kara pAyA thA, kintu unakI vANI se isa mahAn AdhyAtmika saMracanA dekha kara aisA lagA ki antaratama kI gaharAiyoM ko lekara, mahAn anubhUti pUrNa kAvya racanA kara, Apane eka naI dizA dI hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai mAno 'mUkanirIha mATI' ke mAdhyama se sArA jaina siddhAnta isa kAvya meM ur3ela diyA gayA hai| mATI mUka hai, pada dalita hai va kumbhakAra ke mAdhyama se tadgata sampUrNa kaMkara-pattharoM ko haTAkara vaha atyanta pavitra va nirmala zuddha kisa prakAra bana sakatI hai / tatpazcAt mahAn tapa se tapa kara zreSThatA ke ucca zikhara para kisa prakAra AsIna ho sakatI hai, isakA sundaratama varNana hai| vAstava meM AcAryazrI kA yaha kAvya mahAkAvya kI paribhASA meM pUrNa rUpa se sahI baiThatA hai / maulika rUpa meM mATI ko nAyikA banAkara kumbhakAra ko nAyaka kA pratIka banAyA gayA hai kintu AdhyAtmika dRSTi se isa kAvya ke nAyaka to svayaM AcAryazrI pratIta hote haiM para antima nAyaka arhanta deva hI haiN| ___ kAvya ko dRSTi meM rakheM to isameM zabdAlaMkAra, arthAlaMkAra evaM zabdoM kA abhUtapUrva kathana kara jana sAdhAraNa ke adhyAtma va anekAnta kA sundaratama varNana karane kA prayatna zlAghanIya hai| __ AcAryazrI ne 'mUkamATI' kA sahArA lekara mahilA zakti ke prati mahAn Adara vyakta kiyA hai aura unakI saMyata sthiti evaM zAlInatA kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai| pahale khaNDa meM AtmA kI prAthamika dazA ke zodhana kI prakriyA kA varNana kiyA hai arthAt pahale mATI ko khodanA, use kUTa-chAnakara kaMkara rahita banAnA Avazyaka hai, isa bAta kA varNana kiyA hai| __ dUsare khaNDa meM 'zabda,' 'bodha' evaM 'zodha' kA antara batAte hue AcAryazrI ne 'utpAda-vyaya-dhauvyayuktaM sat' ke mahAn siddhAnta kA saralatA se vivecana karate hue spaSTa kiyA hai ki uccAraNa mAtra 'zabda' hai tathA usa zabda kA artha sahI rUpa meM samajhanA 'bodha' hai / tatpazcAt usa 'bodha' ko svayaM ke AcaraNa meM AtmasAt kara lenA hI 'zodha' hai| tIsare khaNDa meM puNyopArjana tathA pApa ke prakSAlana kA sundara kAvyamayI udAharaNa dete hue mana-vacana-kAya kI nirmalatA se, zubha kAryoM ko karane se evaM loka kalyANa kI bhAvanA se hI puNya upArjana hotA hai aura krodha, mAna, mAyA evaM lobha ke hanana kA kAraNa hotA hai| caturtha khaNDa meM kAvyAtmaka udAharaNa dete hue mATI ko kumbhakAra dvArA tapA kara zuddha nirmala kumbha kA rUpa de diyA hai| pazcAt sAdhu ko AhAra dAna kisa prakAra denA cAhie, isakI prakriyA savistRta kI gaI hai| prasaMga itane prakAra ke die gae haiM ki bAta meM se bAta nikAla kara tattva cintana kA uccatama zikhara dikhA diyA gayA hai| sAtha hI laukika tathA pAralaukika bhAvanAoM kA sundaratama chavigRha nirmita kara diyA gayA hai| sAtha hI anta meM spaSTa bhI kara diyA ki guru to pravacana hI de sakate haiM, 'vacana' nahIM / AtmA kA uddhAra binA puruSArtha ke nahIM ho sakatA / avinAzI sukha 'vacanAtIta' hai aura vaha to sAdhanA se hI prApta 'Atmopalabdhi' hai| kahanA nA hogA, 'samayasAra' kA sArA nicor3a AcAryazrI ne isa mahAkAvya meM samAhita kara diyA hai / isake pahale khaNDa ke kucha mahattvapUrNa aMza nimna prakAra ullekhanIya haiM : "IrSyA para vijaya prApta karanA/saba ke vaza kI bAta nahIM, aura vaha bhI."/strI-paryAya meM-/anahonI-sI ghaTanA !" (pR. 2) mATI kI pukAra sunAte hue AcAryazrI kahate haiM :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 475 "svayaM patitA hai aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se, ''adhama pApiyoM se/pada-dalitA hU~ mA~ !" (pR. 4) Age yadi mAnava prayatna kare aura use acchI saMgati mile to vaha kyA nahIM bana sakatA ? isIlie ve kahate haiM : "khasakhasa ke dAne-sA/bahuta choTA hotA hai/bar3a kA bIja vaha ! samucita kSetra meM usakA vapana ho/samayocita khAda, havA, jala/use mileM aMkarita ho. kacha hI dinoM meM/vizAla kAya dhAraNa kara vaTa ke rUpa meM avatAra letA hai,/yahI isakI mahattA hai|" (pR. 7) tadanantara acchI va burI saMgati ke pariNAmoM ko batAte hue AcAryazrI ne hRdaya ke kapATa khola die haiN| ujalIujalI jala kI dhArA dharA dhUla meM milane para dala-dala bana jAtI hai ; vahI dhArA nIma kI jar3oM meM jAne para kaTutA meM DhalatI hai ; sAgara meM girane para lavaNAkara kahalAtI hai| viSadhara mukha meM jA kara viSa-hAlA meM DhalatI hai aura sAgarIya zuktikA meM girakara muktikA hotI hai| AsthA ko AtmasAt karanA ho to sAdhanA jarUrI hai : "parvata kI talahaTI se bhI/hama dekhate haiM ki/uttuMga zikhara kA/darzana hotA hai, parantu/caraNoM kA prayoga kiye binA/zikhara kA sparzana/sambhava nahIM hai !"(pR.10) AcAryazrI isa viSaya ko aura adhika spaSTa karate hue mArgadarzana karate haiM : "prAthamika dazA meM/sAdhanA ke kSetra meM/skhalana kI sambhAvanA pUrI banI rahatI hai, beTA!/svastha-prauDha puruSa bhI kyoM na ho kAI-lage pASANa para/pada phisalatA hI hai !/itanA hI nahIM, nirantara abhyAsa ke bAda bhI/skhalana sambhava hai|" (pR. 11) Age yaha batAyA hai ki nirantara parizrama va saMgharSa karate rahane para vijaya kI prApti hotI hai : "saMgharSamaya jIvana kA/upasaMhAra/niyamarUpa se/harSamaya hotA hai / " (pR. 14) pazcAt lambI-lambI bAteM karane vAloM va kore upadezakoM para vyaMgya karate hue evaM sahI sthiti kA Akalana karate hue AcAryazrI ne kaTu satya kaha DAlA hai : "cetana kI isa/sRjana-zIlatA kA/bhAna kise hai ? cetana kI isa/davaNa-zIlatA kA/jJAna kise hai ? isakI carcA bhI/kauna karatA hai ruci se ?/kauna sunatA hai mati se ? aura/isakI arcA ke lie/kisake pAsa samaya hai ? AsthA se rItA jIvana/yaha cArmika vatana hai, mA~ !" (pR. 16) isa prakAra 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI jitanI bhI prazaMsA kI jAe, vaha thor3I hai| ['vidyAsAgara' (mAsika), jabalapura - madhyapradeza ]
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : mahilA zakti ke prati mahAn Adara kI abhivyakti sampAdaka : 'sanmArga' (hindI dainika) mahAn AdhyAtmika santa AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara ne 'mUkanirIha mATI' ke mAdhyama se sArA jaina siddhAnta isa kAvya meM ur3ela diyA hai| mATI mUka hai, pada dalita hai va kumbhakAra ke mAdhyama se sampUrNa kaMkara-pattharoM ko haTAkara vaha atyanta pavitra, nirmala, zuddha kisa prakAra bana sakatI hai, tatpazcAt mahAn tapa se tapakara zreSThatA ke ucca zikhara para kisa prakAra AsIna ho sakatI hai, isakA isameM varNana hai| ____vAstava meM AcAryazrI kA yaha gadyakAvya mahAkAvya kI paribhASA meM pUrNa rUpa se sahI baiThatA hai| isameM mATI ko nAyikA banA kara kumbhakAra ko nAyaka kA pratIka banAyA gayA hai| AcAryazrI ne mUkamATI kA sahArA lekara mahilA zakti ke prati mahAn Adara vyakta kiyA hai aura unakI saMyata sthiti aura zAlInatA kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai| pahale khaNDa meM AtmA kI prAthamika dazA ke zodhana kI prakriyA, dUsare khaNDa meM 'zabda, 'bodha' va 'zodha' kA antara, tIsare khaNDa meM puNyopArjana tathA pApa ke prakSAlana kA sundara kAvyamayI udAharaNa evaM caturtha khaNDa meM kAvyAtmaka udAharaNa dete hue mATI ko kumhAra dvArA tapAkara usa zuddha-nirmala kumbha kA rUpa de diyA hai| anta meM spaSTa kara diyA ki guru to pravacana hI de sakate haiM, vacana nhiiN| AtmA kA uddhAra binA puruSArtha ke nahIM ho sakatA / avinAzI sukha vacanAtIta hai aura vaha to sAdhanA se hI prApta Atmopalabdhi hai| AtmA kI zuddha dazA ko AtmasAt karanA ho to sAdhanA jarUrI hai : "parvata kI talahaTI se bhI/hama dekhate haiM ki/uttuMga zikhara kA darzana hotA hai,/parantu/caraNoM kA prayoga kiye binA zikhara kA sparzana/sambhava nahIM hai !" (pR.10) nirantara parizrama va saMgharSa se vijaya prApta hotI hai : "vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI/avazya milegI/magara mArga meM nahIM, maMjila pr|" (pR. 488) AcAryazrI ne jIvana ke isa abhinava evaM prazaMsanIya mahAkAvya meM loka jIvana ke muhAvare, bIjAkSaroM, aMkoM ke camatkAra, Ayurveda ke prayogoM ko bhI piroyA hai| [sampAdaka- sanmArga (hindI dainika), kolakAtA-pazcima baMgAla, 9 navambara, 1991]
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________________ rAmaprakAza yaha mahAkAvya kA daura nahIM hai| kSaNikAoM kA z2amAnA hai| aise meM lagabhaga pA~ca sau pRSTha kI kAvya racanA kA sAhasa cauMkAne vAlA hai / lekina yaha sAhasa AcArya vidyAsAgara ne kiyA hai apanI kAvya kRti 'mUkamATI' meN| Aja jaba dharma ko dhanapazu aura dhanapizAca apanA krItadAsa banAne para AmAdA haiM, Aja jaba svayaM dharmAcArya dharma ko seThAzrayI aura rAjAzrayI karane ko Atura haiM, taba mATI kI, mUkamATI kI bAta karanA, kahanA aura par3hanA acchA lagatA hai| yaha kAma to isa kAvya meM huA hai ki miTTI ke pratIka se sRSTi, manuSya ke kalyANa, saMgharSa aura nirmANa kI kathA kahI gaI hai| isa pustaka se kevala kavitA kA nahIM balki kahAnI kA, nATaka kA, 1 nibandha kA dharma aura darzana kA kAma bhI 'eka sAdhe saba sadhe' ke aMdAz2a se kiyA gayA hai| AcArya vidyAsAgara kI yaha kRti kAvya se vAhaka kA kAma adhika letI hai| spaSTa hI kavitA mAdhyama hai jaina dharma ke mUlyoM kI pratiSThA kA / isalie ise kAvya pratimAnoM ke nikaSa para kasane se hI bahuta kucha hAsila honA nahIM hai kyoMki mUla lakSya vaha sandeza hai jo kavitA denA cAhatI hai| isalie yaha vyartha kI bahasa hogI ki yaha mahAkAvya hai, khaNDa dhunika kavitA kA koI nayA prakAra ? ara mUkamATI kA vidyAsAgarIya saMvAda hamArA sArA dhArmika sAhitya, dArzanika sAhitya, yahA~ taka ki gaNitIya aura vaijJAnika sAhitya taka kavitA meM hai / aisI sthiti meM sAhityika rujhAna vAle dhArmika santoM kA rujhAna kAvya sRjana ke prati honA koI Azcaryajanaka nahIM hai / 'mUkamATI' meM riTorika kA Agraha hI z2yAdA hai, chandAnuzAsana kA nahIM aura nA hI svacchanda chanda kA / gadya kavitA bhI yahA~ laya ke atirikta Agraha ke kAraNa nahIM bana pAI hai / dharma prANa zraddhAluoM ke lie 'mUkamATI' kA mahattva bahuta sakatA hai| sAhitya meM ise utanI pratiSThA milanA for hai, jitanI ki apekSA isake prAkkathanoM, bhUmikAoM yA phlepa para kI gaI hai| asala meM bhASA aura muhAvarA isameM sabase bar3I bAdhA hai : O O O 0 "lo, phira se bAdaloM meM sphUrti AI / svAbhimAna saceta huA oloM kA utpAdana prArambha !" (pR. 248) " makhamala mArdava kA mAna / mara miTA-sA lagA / Amra - maMjula - maMjarI / komalatama koMpaloM kI masRNatA bhUla cukI apanI asmitA yahA~ para / " (pR. 127 ) " jisake / donoM gAloM para / gulAba kI AbhA le / harSa ke saMvardhana se dRga binduoM kA avirala / varSaNa ho rahA hai / " (pR. 6) "rUpa para, gandha para, rAsa para / pariNAma jo huA hai parasa para parta-dara-parta gaharA lepa car3ha gayA hai|" (pR. 186 ) ina udAharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki pustaka kI kAvya bhASA meM sAmAnya jana ke lie paryApta durUha zabda haiN| isalie sampreSaNa meM diqqata hotI hai / dUsarI diqqata isake dArzanika sandeza kI hai : O "bandhana - rUpa tana, / mana aura vacana kA / AmUla miTa jAnA hI / mokSa hai /
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________________ 478 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA isI kI zuddha-dazA meM/avinazvara sukha hotA hai|" (pR. 486) 0 "jala aura jvalanazIla anala meM/antara zeSa rahatA hI nahIM sAdhaka kI antara-dRSTi meN|" (pR. 267) __"ise upadhi kI AvazyakatA hai/upAdhi kI nahIM, mA~ ise samadhI-samAdhi mile, basa ! avadhi-pramAdI nhiiN|/updhi yAnI upakaraNa-upakAraka hai nA!/upAdhi yAnI parigraha-apakAraka hai nA!" (pR. 86) ina paMktiyoM ke kAvyoM ke gUDhArtha ko samajhane ke lie jaina dharma-darzana ke samyak jJAna kI nyUnAdhika AvazyakatA hogii| isalie yaha kRti varga vizeSa ke lie paThanIya ho sakatI hai, jana ke lie nhiiN| yahI isa kRti kI vizeSatA bhI hai, yahI sImA bhii| parigraha apakAraka hai, yaha bAta Akhira jaina dharma kA mahat darzana sadiyoM se kahatA AyA hai parantu jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke AcaraNa se vaha sire se nadArada kyoM hai ? yadi koI santa dharma meM rahate hue,parivrAjaka jIvana vyatIta karate hue bhI kAvya meM pravRtta hotA hai to usase kAvyAtmaka-vidroha kI apekSA kyoM nahIM kI jAnI cAhie? yaha kRti isa apekSA kI pUrti nahIM krtii| [dainika jAgaraNa, bhopAla, madhyapradeza, 30 akTUbara, 1995] pR. 18 karavaTeM badaladI-... upayogakI bAta... +
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________________ yuga kI pratinidhi racanA : 'mUkamATI' rAjeza pAThaka kRti ko par3hA / prathama bAra meM to kRti kI bhAva-vyaMjanA, usake snehila cikane bhAva pakar3a meM nahIM aae| dvitIya bAra meM jo rahasya prakaTa huA, usase abhibhUta hue binA nahIM raha sakA / jIvana mUlyoM kI jIvantatA hI mAnava ko nIce se Upara kI ora, eka se aneka kI ora, patajhar3a se vasanta kI ora le jAtI hai| zAnta rasa se ApUrita mahAkAvyAtmaka zilpa-vaiziSTya kavi kI naisargika pratibhA aura sAmarthya kalpanA kA pratiphalanAtmaka yaha mahAkAvya antas ko chUtA hai, jAgrata karatA hai suSuptatA ko / yaha kRti mahAmAnava kI sampUrNatAoM ko bhara, eka bAra puna: batAtI hai ki mAnava yathArtha meM ananta sambhAvanAoM kA kendra-bindu hai, yadi vyabhicArI pravRttiyoM kA AcaraNa vaha utAra pheMke taba / jana-jana ke hRdaya meM apane pravacanoM kI gUMja chor3a dene vAle santa AcArya vidyAsAgara jI itane utkRSTa koTi ke sAhityakAra haiM, yaha inake mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' se vidita hotA hai| unakA viraha, unakI bhakti, unakI sAdhanA kisI laukika vastu vizeSa ke prati yA usako prApta karane ke lie nahIM hai varan sarvatra prema, samatA, dayA, satya, sukha, bhakti kI anubhUti bharane ke lie hai| unakI A~kheM tathA hRdaya donoM hI AsthA, vizvAsa prema se prabhu ko nihArate, pukArate haiM, jo sampUrNa jIvana ko samagratA se sAkSAtkAra karA ske| isIlie ve santa-paramparA meM A jAte haiN| "para kI pIr3A se apanI pIr3A kA/prabhu kI IDA meM apanI krIr3A kA saMvedana karatA ho/pApa-prapaMca se mukta, pUrI taraha/pavana-sama ni:sNg|" (pR. 300) guNI vahI hai jo durgaNoM para coTa kare, sadguNoM kI pratiSThA kare, hRdaya kI pukAra ko sune aura gantavya kA mArga prazasta kre| ve sirpha use pukAra hI nahIM, apitu pUre puruSArtha se amara tattva kI prApti hetu nirantara saMgharSa/utkarSa dete haiM, taba ve pariSaha-upasarga sahate rahate haiM vA yamI-damI aura udyamI hone para saphalatA ke sAtha calate dikhAI dete haiM : "mokSa kI mAtrA/"saphala ho/moha kI mAtrA/viphala ho dharma kI vijaya ho/karma kA vilaya ho/jaya ho, jaya ho jaya-jaya-jaya ho !" (pR. 76-77) kathanI aura karanI meM samAnatA hone para lakSya milane meM kaThinAI nahIM aatii| yahI jIvana kA amara satya bhI hai| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne kathanI-karanI meM vilomatA rakhane vAloM kA Aja ke prasaMga meM jo citra aMkita kiyA hai, duHkha kA kAraNa bhI vahI hai| "garama-caramavAle hI/zIta-dharama se/bhaya-bhIta hote haiM aura/nIta-karama se/viparIta hote haiN|" (pR. 93) isI kAraNa kathanI meM karuNA rasa ghola kara dharmAmRta varSA karane vAloM kI bhIr3a kI vajaha se Aja na cAritra rahA, na dharma rahA, na sukha-zAnti varan jo bhayAvaha vikRtiyA~ AI haiM unhoMne samAja ke vAstavika svarUpa ko badala diyA hai| aise hI 'samAjavAda' ke siddhAnta para AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne tIkhA prahAra kara yugIna prasaMga prastuta kiyA hai : "svAgata merA ho/manamohaka vilAsitAyeM/mujhe mileM acchI vastue~
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________________ 480 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA aisI tAmasatA bharI dhAraNA hai tumhArI ?/phira bhalA batA do hameM AsthA kahA~ hai samAjavAda meM tumhArI/sabase Age maiM/samAja bAda meN|" (pR.460-461) sampUrNa mAnava isI duHkharUpI saritA meM dhArA ke samAna bahatA jA rahA hai, bhoga kA hI lakSya lie| phira duHkhI aura mlAna-mukha hRdaya kA aMkana eka sajaga kavi kI sUkSma A~khoM se kaise naz2ara-aMdAz2a ho sakatA thaa| kavi ne kahA hai: _ "saba ke mukhoM para/jijIviSA bikharI par3I hai, saba ke saba vivaza ho/bahAva meM bahe jA rahe haiN|" (pR. 450) mAnava-jagat kI manovaijJAnika rUpa meM sUkSma-samasyA bhI kavi kI naz2ara se ojhala nahIM huI hai| vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki samasyA kA samAdhAna to mAnava ke pAsa hI hai / AcAryazrI ne saMketa diyA hai : puruSa prakRti se/yadi dUra hogA nizcita hI vaha/vikRti kA pUra hogA / (pR. 93) __ aMdhAdhundha dhana-saMkalana kI pravRtti ne mAnava ko apane mUla rUpa se cyuta kara diyA hai| dharma kI Ar3a meM pApa panapa rahe haiN| kahIM nItigata patha dikhatA nahIM hai / ulajhana aura vinAza ke kAle bAdala maNDarA rahe haiM / AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne samasta carAcara meM usa vinAza ko rokane hetu mUka prArthanA kI hai, jo unakI vizva bandhutva kI bhAvanA kA dyotaka hai : "yahA~ "saba kA sadA/jIvana bane maMgalamaya chA jAve sukha-chA~va/sabake saba TaleM-/amaMgala-bhAva / " (pR. 478) ___ kavi to prArthanA hI kara sakatA hai| sAre duHkhoM kI jar3a aham hI hai| isake rahate vyakti ko kisI bhI lakSya kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI / lakSya kI prApti samarpaNa, zraddhA, dayA Adi ke svIkArane aura aham ke visarjana se hI ho sakatI hai| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne samarpaNa kI bhAvanA kA bar3A hI hRdayagrAhI citra aMkita kiyA hai : . "mere rone se yadi/tumhArA mukha khilatA ho/sukha milatA ho tumheM lo ! maiM ro rahI hU~"/aura ro sakatI huuN|" (pR. 150) sAdhanA karanA arthAt uddezya prApti ke lie mArga cunanA, mArga para calanA AsAna kAma nahIM hai| jo prAthamika bAdhAoM ko abhizApa na mAna varan varadAna mAnate haiM, ve hI Age bar3ha jAte haiN| jisa taraha kuzala lekhaka ko naI nibavAlI lekhanI se zurU meM khuradarepana kI anubhUti se guz2aranA par3atA hai, parantu likhate-likhate niba ghisatI jAtI hai aura phira to vaha vicAroM kI anucarA, sahacarA hotI huI anta meM jala meM tairatI-sI saMvedana karatI hai| usI prakAra 'sAdhanA' kI bhI yahI sthiti hotI hai| sAdhanA ke isI rUpa ko kavi ne vibhinna AyAmoM meM samarpita kiyA hai / ve svayaM sAdhaka haiM, sAdhanA kI uccatama U~cAiyoM ke prayogadharmI haiN| isI sAdhanA ko sarvopari mahattva dete hue unhoMne kahA hai ki AsthA ke tAroM para sAdhaka kI a~guliyA~ calatI haiM, phira sArthaka jIvana meM svarAtIta saragama jharatI hai| prathama to sAdhanA bhAra lagatI hai, phira nirantara abhyAsa hone para vaha sahacarI ho mAnava ko uccatama sopAnoM taka le jAtI hai| ___ vAstava meM apane bAhya aura antardarzana ke kAraNa 'mUkamATI' isa yuga ko citrita karatI huI, sAtha hI samagratA se sAkSAtkAra karAtI huI, yuga kI pratinidhi racanA hai|
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________________ mUkamATI kI mUka vyathA kI sArthaka prastuti : 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya modI tArAcanda jaina 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM dharma-darzana evaM adhyAtma ke sAra ko mukta chandoM meM nibaddha karake kAvya racanA ko nayA svarUpa pradAna kiyA hai / isake varNana ghaTanA pradhAna na hokara bhAva pradhAna haiM / mahAkavi kI cintanazIla vicAroM para AdhArita kathAvastu pAThaka ko eka naI dRSTi pradAna karatI hai| prastuta kAvya cAra sargoM meM vibhakta hai| yaha sarga hI haiM khaNDa nahIM kyoMki svayaM mahAkavi ne kAvya ke anta meM sargoM kA vibhAjana nimna prakAra kiyA hai : "...kumbha kA saMsarga kiyA/so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA/Adima sarga huaa| ...ahaM kA utsarga kiyA/so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA/dvitIya sarga huA / ...tumane agni-parIkSA dI/utsAha sAhasa ke sAtha/jo/sahana upasarga kiyA, so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA/tRtIya sarga huA |/...bindu-maatr varNa-jIvana ko tumane UrdhvagAmI-UrdhvamukhI/jo/svAzrita visarga kiyA,/so sRjanazIla jIvana kA/antima sarga huaa|" (pR. 482-483) isa prakAra svayaM mahAkavi ne ise sargoM meM bA~Takara khaNDa, adhyAya jaise nAmoM ko koI sthAna nahIM diyaa| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA prArambha binA maMgalAcaraNa ke huA hai / yadyapi maMgalAcaraNa karane kI bahuta prAcIna paramparA rahI hai tathA bar3e-bar3e jainAcAryoM ne isa paramparA kA nirvAha bhI kiyA hai| lekina mahAkavi svayaM paMca parameSThiyoM meM se AcArya parameSThI haiM, jo svayaM maMgala svarUpa haiM / ata: svayaM maMgala svarUpa hone para maMgalAcaraNa kA vizeSa aucitya nahIM rahatA / sambhavata: isIlie maMgalAcaraNa karane kI paramparA kA nirvAha nahIM huA hai| vartamAna zatI meM kisI jainAcArya dvArA racita 'mUkamATI' hindI kA prathama mahAkAvya hai| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja isa mahAkAvya ke racayitA haiM jo parama santa haiM tathA sarvAdhika samAdRta digambara jainAcArya haiN| kucha parIkSaka kaha sakate haiM ki yadyapi saMskRta granthoM meM mahAkAvya ke jo lakSaNa likhe haiM unameM se bahuta kama lakSaNa 'mUkamATI' meM milate haiN| sarga bhI kevala cAra haiM tathA chanda parivartana bhI prastuta mahAkAvya meM nahIM ho skaa| isake atirikta rasa evaM alaMkAroM kI dRSTi se bhI 'mUkamATI' utanA saphala kAvya nahIM bana skaa| lekina 'mUkamATI' to eka AdhyAtmika mahAkAvya hai / ataH isameM saMskRta evaM hindI ke mahAkAvyoM ke lakSaNa kahA~ se mila sakate haiM ? isa mahAkAvya kI nAyikA mUkamATI hai, jise zilpI dvArA nayA janma prApta hotA hai / usakI agni parIkSA hotI hai, jisameM vaha kharI utaratI hai / mahAkAvya kI kathAvastu to bahuta saMkSipta hai, lekina dArzanika viSayoM kA varNana/pratipAdana isameM sahaja DhaMga se huA hai ki darzana bhI kathA ke rUpa meM ho gayA hai| vaise yaha koI rAjA athavA zreSThI ke jIvana ko pratipAdita karane vAlA kAvya nahIM hai| yaha to pUre jaina tattva darzana ko ujAgara karane vAlA mahAkAvya hai| isakI eka-eka paMkti smaraNa karane yogya hai, manana karane yogya hai| isa prakAra ke mahAkAvya koI mahAn santa hI likha sakate haiM, jinhoMne apane jIvana meM adhyAtma ko AtmasAt kara liyA ho| ___mahAkAvya kI bhASA zuddha hindI hai tathA bhASA itanI sarala evaM pravAhamaya hai ki mahAkAvya ko yadi mananapUrvaka par3hA jAve to phira chor3ane kA mana nahIM mAnatA / prArambha meM kucha aTapaTA-sA avazya lagatA hai ki mahAkavi kyA kahanA cAhate haiM ? lekina jaise-jaise hama use par3hate jAte haiM, mahAkAvya kA sAra samajha meM Ane lagatA hai| maiMne svayaM mahAkAvya
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________________ 482 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ko aneka bAra par3hA hai| ___ mahAkAvya meM subhASitoM kA khulakara prayoga huA hai / ve jIvana kI vAstavikatA ko ujAgara karane vAle haiN| isake atirikta AcAryazrI ne viloma zabdoM ke arthoM para bhI vizeSa prakAza DAlA hai / usase yaha mahAkAvya ke sAtha-sAtha kozagrantha bhI bana gayA hai| hindI sAhitya ko aisA apUrva mahAkAvya dene ke lie sArA deza, evaM vizeSata: hindI bhASA-bhASI karor3oM jana AcAryazrI ke saikar3oM varSoM taka kRtajJa rheNge| AcAryazrI isI taraha kAvya sRjana karate raheM, isI maMgala bhAvanA ke sAtha nimna paMktiyoM pUrvaka hama unakA zata-zata abhinandana karate haiN| 'mUkamATI' kA mUka sandeza jisa mATI para vizva dharA hai, usa mATI kA ghaTa bana jAtA, kumbhakAra kI svayaM kalpanA, maMgala kalaza svayaM bana jaataa| kisI dravya ko kauna banAtA, yaha parivartana svayaM dravya kA; upAdAna to svayaM dravya hai, kumbhakAra naimittika ghaTa kaa|| parivartana karatI hai mATI, kuTa-piTa karake kumbhakAra se, sa~dhakara sa~dhakara bana jAtI ghaTa, kalAkAra yA kumbhakAra se| parivartana usameM hI usakA, saba nimitta bAhara hI rahate; kuTatI-piTatI-ghuTatI mATI, apane rUpa svayaM meM rhtii|| kumbhakAra yA kalAkAra kI, kalA svayaM nahIM ghaTa jAtI, maMgala kalaza rUpa bana jAtI, tapa se tapa kara hI bana jaatii| 'mUkamATI' ko mahAkAvya yA khaNDa kAvya ke rUpaka jo haiM; apanI jJAna kalpanA se hI, maMgala kalaza svayaM meM vo haiN| Atma-jyoti kI dIpazikhA ko, Agama patha para mar3ha lete haiM, mUkamATI kI mUka vyathA ko, antara tama meM gar3ha lete haiN| sAta tattva ke sahI rUpa ko, pratipala jo jIvana meM gar3hate; vahI mUkamATI ko ghaTa meM, maMgala kalaza rUpa de mar3hate / / yU~ hI puNya-pApa paribhASA, nirata sAdhanA meM lAte haiM, Upara uThakara svayaM sAdhanA-patha saMyamamaya dhara jAte haiN| saMvara dvArA Asrava rukatA, patha Age hI tapatA rahatA; tapA-tapAkara svayaM nirjarA dvArA patha nita banatA rhtaa| sAdhaka sAdhanA patha para calakara, sAdhya rUpa meM DhalatA rahatA, isI taraha yaha mahAkAvya yA khaNDakAvya nita tana meM gddh'taa| maMgala kalaza, kAmanA maMgala, maMgalamaya jIvana ko mar3hatA; mUkamATI kI mUka vyathA ko, mahAkAvya meM haradama gar3hatA / /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 483 antaratama kI jyoti jagAkara, nija svabhAva meM rama jAtA hai, saba vibhAva phira haTate rahate, sAdhana patha para rama jAtA hai| yaha yogI kI mUka sAdhanA, antaratama kI bahatI dhArA; divya dRSTi aura divya dizA ko, naI cetanA detA rhtaa| 'mUkamATI' ko mahAkAvyamaya, saMyama patha para nita de jAtA, jJAna jyoti kI dIpazikhA ko, vizva zAnti kA patha de jaataa| jyoM-jyoM manda kaSAyeM hotIM, nirata sAdhanA meM rama jAtA; antaratama kI nirata sAdhanA, yogI cetanamaya Dhala jAtA / jaba yogI kA dharmadhyAna au zukladhyAna AtA jAtA hai, jIvana usakA sahI sAdhanA-patha taba pala-pala darzAtA hai| sUkSma lobha kucha kSaNa raha jAtA, dhyAna agni ko svayaM jalAtA; yathAkhyAta cAritra dhAra vaha, moha kSINa patha pA jAtA hai / / nirata sAdhanArata rahatA nita, zukladhyAna meM rama jAtA hai, kiMcit yoga sAdhanA para cala, kevalajJAnI bana jAtA hai| Ayu karma jaba taka rahatA hai, deM nita upadeza divya vANI kA; divyadhvani meM jharatA rahatA, divya vANI yA mUka vANI kA / jaba taka kiciMt yoga lagA hai, vacana yoga se vANI detA, apanI vANI se hara dama hI, jIvoM kA dukha hai hara letaa| Atmajyoti yA AtmazikhA kI, mUka cetanA detA rahatA; 'mUkamATI' ko mUka vyathA de, mahAkAvya nita gar3hatA rhtaa| arahanta siddha kI dizA aura vaha, nita prati paga dharatA rahatA, sarva sAdhu au upAdhyAya pada, AcArya pada para mar3hatA rhtaa| iMgita AkAroM kI racanA, apane patha se nita prati detA; jaina dharma aura jaina dhvajA ko, vizva bandhu meM hara dama mar3hatA // indriya-vijaya sAdhanA-patha hai, rAga-dveSa nita haratA rahatA, vidyAdhara se 'vidyAsAgara', patha para nita prati calatA rhtaa| jJAnakalA kI divya zikhA para, naI cetanA detA rahatA; 'mUkamATI' meM nija bhAvoM se, naye kAvya meM mar3hatA rahatA // yaha yogI kI Atma jyoti hai, jise jAnatA kevalajJAnI, 'modI' kI isa tuccha kalama meM, kyA tAkata jo de de vaannii| yaha to manuja prayAsa saphala ho, isIlie mar3hatA rahatA hU~; 'modI' moda bhare isa patha ko, mUka vyathA se hI kahatA huuN|
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________________ Er .
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________________ dazanAlA 2jisamA sadA se manilA 20- tavAsa jisane saka) pAyA 3sake moha zo (54) 3) bhayo bholi 2.2012 nA. aHAGAL 4040 4404 3101ravara-guruvArapAya 44) pAcana-kara-kara parosa205se. zka bhArata -sUjana kAsama 201 341 - sayAviraparI bhaTiyA nayA bhajanakA artha ) aura nayanarama pUrNa patha samana saraNamAdarabana jaba gaja25 ) LER 'mUkamATI' racayitA kI hastalipi saujanya se : zrI abhinandana sAMdhelIya, pATana (jabalapura)
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________________ pariziSTa : prathama AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara : vyaktitva, jIvana-darzana aura racanA -saMsAra AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI khaNDa eka : vyaktitva kA vikAsa aura usakA paricaya vyaktitva vyakti kA sarvasva hai, jisa para AtmavAdI cintana ke Aloka meM to vicAra kiyA hI jAtA haivijJAna ke zAkhA vizeSa manovijJAna ke Aloka meM bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai / vijJAna vyAvahArika sattA para hI vicAra karatA hai, kAraNa vaha apane pariniSThita jJAna kA aindriya pratyakSa se satyApana karatA hai / pAramArthika sattA yA sattA ke pAramArthika pakSa kA parIkSaNa yA jAnakArI usakI prakriyA meM hai hI nahIM / manovijJAna vyakti ke vyaktitva ko pariveza aura anuvaMza ke guNana kA pratiphala mAnatA hai, AtmavAdI usakI sambhAvanAoM ko aparimeya batAtA hai - ve Izvaratva paryavasAyinI haiM / isIlie mAnA gayA hai : "naratvaM durlabhaM loke" / manovijJAna mAnatA hai ki "vyaktitva vyakti ke vyavahAra vaha vyApaka vizeSatA hai jo usake vicAroM aura unako pragaTa karane ke DhaMga, usakI abhivRtti aura ruci, kArya karane ke usake DhaMga aura jIvana ke prati usake vyaktigata dArzanika dRSTikoNa se prakaTa hotI hai" ( rAbarTa esa. vuDavartha) / vyaktitva zArIrika manovijJAna aura sAmAjika manovijJAna kA saMgamasthala hai| inakA milana kabhI-kabhI vaicArika dvandva khar3A kara detA hai / eka pakSa kahatA hai ki vyaktitva ke nirmANa meM kevala jaivika tattva kAma karate haiM, jabaki dUsarA sAmAjika tattvoM kI balapUrvaka duhAI detA hai| sAmAjika tattvoM ke mUla meM vaMzAnukrama aura pariveza kA prabhAva sammilita hai aura zArIrika kAraNa vaMzAnukrama aura pariveza- donoM kA pariNAma ho sakatA hai| abhiprAya yaha ki kisI ke vyaktitva para vicAra karate samaya vaMzAnukrama aura pariveza kA dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hai / donoM kI paraspara antaH kriyA bhI isa sandarbha meM ullekhya haiM / vaMzAnukrama se jo saMskAra milate haiM, pariveza meM unakA vikAsa hotA hai / AtmavAdI jaina mAnate haiM ki jIva cinmaya hai| jJAna usakA sAkSAt lakSaNa hai / vaha nisargataH anantajJAna viziSTa hai / usameM ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta sukha tathA ananta vIrya jaise ananta catuSTaya svabhAvataH vidyamAna haiM, para kaSAyajanya paudgalika karmoM se AvRta haiM / tapa aura dhyAna se karmoM kA saMvara aura nirjarA ho jAtI hai / isa prakAra manovijJAna kevala vyAvahArika vyaktitva kA aura AtmavAda pAramArthika svarUpa kA vicAra karatA hai / manovijJAna mAnava vyaktitva ko anuvaMza aura pariveza kA guNanaphala mAnakara sImA banAtA hai, AtmavAda ina sabako AtmasAt kara aura Upara jAtA hai aura use aparimeya nirUpita karatA huA jor3a-guNA kI sImA se ekadama pare uThA le jAtA hai| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke vyaktitva yA unake svabhAva ke ubhayavidha rUpoM para hama vicAra kareMge / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kA AnuvAMzika paricaya loka meM mAnava-janma kI upalabdhi durlabha hai kyoMki mAnavetara yoniyoM meM una aparimeya UrdhvagAminI sambhAvanAoM dvAra vRta nahIM hotA jo isa yoni meM hotA hai| para yaha sambhAvanA upalabdhi tabhI banatI hai jaba vidyA dhAryamANa hotI hai| patA nahIM kina ajJAta kAraNoM se mAtA-pitA ne vandyapAda zizu kA nAmakaraNa 'vidyAdhara' kiyA, para nAma tapa, dhyAna aura zAstraniSThApUrvaka arjita vidyA se anvartha bana gayA / vidvAn ho mAnava aura usameM sarjanAtmaka kavitva kA udaya ho to sone meM sugandha kI sthiti A jAtI hai, para kavitA bhI kavitA taba hotI hai jaba pratibhAnurUpa zakti vidyamAna ho / AcAryazrI meM ye sAre pakSa apanI garimA meM uccatama zikhara taka pahu~ce hue haiN| ThIka hI kahA hai :
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________________ 486 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "naratvaM durlabhaM loke vidyA tatra sudurlabhA / kavitvaM durlabhaM loke zaktistatra sudurlabhA / " __aise bhaviSNu AcArya kA dharAdhAma para avataraNa karnATaka prAnta ke belagAma jilA ke antargata sadalagA grAma ke nikaTavartI nagara 'cikkor3I' meM vikrama saMvat 2003 kI zarada pUrNimA, 10 akTUbara, 1946, bRhaspativAra ko lagabhaga ardharAtri ko huA thaa| dizAe~ aneka haiM, para vAstavika aura mahanIya dizA to vahI prAcI hai jisake garbha se sUryodaya hotA hai / zrImatI zrImatIjI aSTage aisI hI prAcI dizA thI jisake garbha meM vidyAdhara prabhAkara AyA / zrImatI zrImatIjI sadalagA nivAsI suzrAvaka zrI mallappA pArasappAjI aSTage kI dharmapatnI thiiN| zrI mallappAjI kA udaya bhI kisI aura kAzIbAI nAmaka prAcI se sambhava huA thA-jo puNyazloka zrI pArasappA mallappAjI aSTage kI dharmapatnI thiiN| isa prabhAkara vidyAdhara meM eka ora usa dahakane kI sambhAvanA bhI thI, jo amAMgalika tattvoM ko dhvasta kara DAlatI hai aura dUsarI ora vaha zItala prakAza bhI hai jo abhyudaya aura niHzreyaskArI hai| ye aisI vizeSatAe~ haiM jo lokaprasiddha prabhAkara se isa prabhAkara kA vyatireka banAtI haiN| "udayati dizi yasyAM bhAnureSaiva praacii|" nizcaya hI yaha vaMza AdhyAtmika saMskAroM se maNDita rahA hai / phalata: ve saMskAra aura praguNita hokara vidyAdharazrI kI cetanA meM saMkrAnta ho gae the| inake mAtA-pitA the to apane gA~va meM sAhUkAra ke rUpa meM parigaNita, para unameM vaNigvRtti udagra nahIM thii| kRSi jIvikA thii| lena-dena calatA thA, para ve samAja meM eka aise nyAsI (TrasTI) ke rUpa meM bhI jAne jAte the jo nirvyAja jJAta pAtroM kI sahAyatA karate the| pratidina devadarzana, zAstra svAdhyAya, samAja sabhAoM meM dharma-carcA unakI dinacaryA thii| yaha unakI vidyA-vinaya-sampannatA hI thI ki loga unheM mallinAtha bhagavAn ke nAma se mallinAtha hI pukArane lage the| mAtA-pitA yadA-kadA muni darzana aura tIrthATana ke lie bhI bAhara jAyA karate the| yaha parivAra apane AcaraNa meM naitikatA, vrataniSThA kA pUrI cetanA se pAlana karatA thA / bhojana meM zAkAhAra aura zuddhi kI bAta to sAmAnya thii| mAtA meM yaha bhAvanA ki saMsAra vinazvara hai, zarIra to apanI zIryamANatA ke lie prasiddha hai hI, ata: usakI cintA tapasyA ke sambandha meM Ar3e nahIM AnA cAhie, jama gaI thI / phalata: ve asvasthatA ko naz2araMdAz2a karatI huI vrataupavAsa to nirantara rakhatI thiiN| kisI racanAkAra ne kahA hai : ___"satyaM manoramA rAmAH satyaM ramyA vibhUtayaH / kintu mattAGganApAGgabhaGgalolaM hi jIvitam // " yaha sahI hai ki saMsAra meM dAmpatya sukha abhilaSaNIya hai, puruSa ke lie ramaNI aura ramaNI ke lie puruSa vilokanIya hai| saMsAra meM bahuta kucha aisA hai jo cetanA ko apanI ora khIMcatA hai, para kucha loga ina sabake bIca bhI aise haiM jo jAnate haiM ki jisa jIvana ke lie yaha saba kucha hai usakI sattA kA kyA ThikAnA ? eka dUba kI noka para par3I osa kI bUMda kIsI sthiti usakI hai, jo eka halakI havA kI jhoMka se kabhI bhI girakara vinaSTa ho sakatI hai| isalie nirantara aisI sthiti kI ora lakSya rakhatI thIM jo niratizaya aura avinazvara ho / isa lakSya kI divyacetanA saMsAra ke kSaNika AkarSaNoM meM kaise phaMsa sakatI thI ? mAtA-pitA donoM hI dharmaparAyaNa, alpaparigrahI, parArthasevAbhAvI tathA paramArthI svabhAva ke vyakti the / ghara ke pramukha kI isa sadvRtti kI sugandha pUre pArivArika pariveza meM vyApta thii| sunA jAtA hai ki ye donoM pratyeka aSTamI aura caturdazI apane grAma se aThAraha kilomITara dUra eka aise samAdhisthala para jAyA karate the jo akkivATa ke nAma se prasiddha thA aura jisameM bhaTTAraka muni zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI smRti saMcita thii| aise hI pArivArika pariveza meM isa mahApuruSa kA avataraNa huA / nAma bhI kadAcit isa zizu kA inhIM munizrI ke nAma para vidyAdhara rakhA gyaa|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 487 isa dampatI se dasa santAneM paidA huI-jinameM se cAra to akAla meM hI kAla kavalita ho giiN| zeSa cha: meM cAra putra aura do putriyA~ raha gae / sabase bar3e putra zrI mahAvIra prasAda haiN| inakA janma 1943 meM huA thA / sadalagA ke nikaTa zamanevAr3I grAma meM pArivArika virAsata kI rakSA karate hue saparivAra sasammAna apanA kulocita jIvanayApana kara rahe haiN| vidyAdhara inhIM ke anujanmA haiN| inakI do anujAe~ haiM-zAntA aura svarNA / ina anujAoM ke anantara do bhAI aura Ae-anantanAtha aura zAntinAtha / bar3e bhAI mahAvIra ko chor3akara mAtA-pitA aura anuja-anujAe~ vidhivat jainasAdhanA kI paramArtha dhArA meM utarate ge| ka - pArivArika pariveza pArivArika, sArasvata tathA jaina dhArmika pariveza anuvaMzataH prApta saMskAra pariveza kI anukUlatA se vikasita hote haiM-vijJAnAntargata manovijJAna kI zAkhA yaha mAnatI hai / vaise, jaisA ki AtmavAda mAnatA hai Izvaratva paryavasAyinI sArI sambhAvanAe~ mAnava nisargata: lekara AtA hai, para pariveza usake vikAsa meM sahAyaka hotA hai| yaha mAnane meM kisI ko koI kaThinAI nahIM hai| ___ mahApuruSoM ke garbhastha hone para mAtA-pitA ko maMgalasUcaka svapnAvasthA meM kucha ghaTanAe~ ghaTita hotI haiN| inake sAtha bhI kucha aisA hI ghaTita huA / garbhastha zizu kI mAtA aura pitA ke sAtha bhI yaha ghaTita huaa| mAtA ke svapna meM cakra kA Akara rukanA aura do RddhidhArI muniyoM ko AhAra denA bhAvI zubha ghaTanA ke sUcaka the| usI rAta pitA ko bhI svapna AyA ki ve eka kheta meM khar3e haiM-jahA~ dahAr3atA huA eka siMha AyA aura unheM nigala gyaa| ___mAtA-pitA cU~ki tIrthATana ke nimitta prAya: Ate-jAte the| eka bAra zizu vidyAdhara (jise pyAra se pIlU, ginI, marI, totA bhI kahA jAtA thA) jo kevala Der3ha varSa kA thA, sAtha gayA thaa| mAtA-pitA ne inase bhI zravaNabelagolA (hAsana, karnATaka) meM virAjamAna vizvavizruta gommaTezvara bhagavAn bAhubalI kI pUjA-arcA kraaii| bhaktibhAva se to ve yoM hI ApUrita the, vahA~ eka ghaTita ghaTanA se usameM aura vRddhi ho gii| huA yaha ki pUjA kAla meM anavadhAnatAvaza pIlU sIr3hiyoM se lur3hakatA huA nIce calA gayA, para gyArahavIM sIr3hI para sakuzala par3A rahA / mAtA-pitA sakuzala sthiti meM pAkara santuSTa ho ge| ve vahA~ se kArakala, mUDabidrI, hailiviDa aura maisUra Adi sthAnoM para deva-darzana aura muni-darzana karate hue ghara vApisa lauTe / nizcaya hI isa yAtrA se zizu kA svaccha mAnasa saMskArita aura raMjita huaa| bAlaka kI cetanA bhI Adarza dinacaryA dekhakara prabhAvita huii| bAlaka meM bacapana se hI titikSA aura vedanA ke saha sakane kI kSamatA vibhinna sandarbho meM bar3hane lagI / kabhI bicchU kA DaMka bardAzta karanA par3A to kabhI anyavidha pratikUla sthitiyoM kA dbaav| kha - sArasvata pariveza pA~ca varSa kI avasthA hone para pArivArika pariveza ke atirikta sArasvata saMsthAnoM kA pariveza milA / vahA~ pUrva saMskAravaza jJAnasaGkrAnti tejI se hotI gii| sahapAThiyoM se sauhArda aura saumanasya tathA gurujanoM ke prati zraddhA barAbara ekarasa banI rhii| isI krama meM sArasvata saMsthAnoM se haTakara AcAryoM ke upadeza aura unakA sAnnidhya milatA rhaa| zeDavAla meM AcArya zrI zAntisAgarajI ke pravacana-zravaNa ne vidyAdhara ko aura dharmonmukha kara diyaa| unheM bhaktAmarastotra, mokSazAstra-sabhI kaNThastha the| muni zrI mahAbalajI mahArAja kA bhI Adeza aura AzIrvacana milaa| eka tIsare AcAryapravara zrI dezabhUSaNajI the jo sadalagA grAma meM padhArakara una dinoM zAstra pravacana rUpa dharmopadeza dete the| vidyAdhara isa samaya kannar3a bhASA ke mAdhyama se sAtavIM kakSA ke chAtra the| usI samaya pU~jIbandhana saMskAra kA Ayojana huaa| bAraha varSa kI
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________________ 488 :: : mUkamATI-mImAMsA - avasthA tathA tadartha mAtA-pitA kI anumati na milane para bhI bAlaka vidyAdhara isa saMskAra ke lie sannaddha hokara prathama paMkti meM baiTha gayA aura prathama mU~jIbandhana usI kA sampanna huA / vidyAdhara kI ruci aura pratibhA vividhAyAmI thIkhelakUda, zataraMja, citranirmANa Adi meM bhI avasthAnurUpa acchI gati thI / hiMsA aura AtaMkavAda kA kaTTara virodhI bAlaka gA~dhI aura neharU se bhI prabhAvita thaa| ina sabake sAtha unakI dhArmika aura AdhyAtmika vRtti utkarSa kI ora isa prakAra bar3ha rahI thI ki mAtA-pitA ko yaha cintA satAne lagI thI ki lar3akA kahIM hAtha se nikala na jAya / solaha varSa kI avasthA meM to mandira jAne ke sAtha zAstra svAdhyAya aura pravacana kA krama bhI gati pakar3ane lgaa| sabhA meM praznottara bhI hote aura nirvikalpa jJAna prApti ke lie zaMkA samAdhAna bhI hote / sAtA vedanIya ke Asrava ke hetuoM meM 'bhUtavratyanukampA' bhI eka hai - jisakA udreka unake AcaraNa meM spaSTa lakSita hotA thaa| prasiddha hai ki naukara dvArA baila ko piTate dekha svayam ko usake sthAna para Apane apane ko lagA liyA / ga - jaina prasthAna kA dhArmika pariveza jahA~ kahIM bhI ve muniyoM kA Agamana sunate, vahA~ pahu~ca jAte the| eka bAra sunA ki boragA~va meM muni zrI nemisAgarajI ne samAdhimaraNa kA vrata le rakhA hai, so vahA~ pahu~ca gae aura unakI sevA-zuzrUSA meM rama ge| isa prakAra pArivArika, sArasvata saMsthAnoM ke pariveza tathA aneka muni mahArAjoM ke prati gaharA lagAva unameM vairAgyabhAva ko tIvra kara rahA thaa| aba unakI cetanA meM kisI aise saMgha kI khoja kI abhIpsA jagI, jo sarvathA durnivAra thii| isa abhIpsA se mAtA-pitA kI anumati ke binA hI brahmacarya vrata dhAraNa karane ke aDiga saMkalpavaza ve jayapurastha AcArya zrI dezabhUSaNajI ke pAsa bIsa varSa kI avasthA meM hI pahu~ca ge| unakI vairAgyavRtti ko havA milI zrI gopAladAsa baraiyA dvArA praNIta 'jaina siddhAnta pravezikA' ke kaNThasthIkaraNa se / zrI vidyAdhara meM gurubhakti bhI adbhuta thI / munivaroM kI sevA pratyeka sthiti meM bar3e manoyoga se karate the / ina saba sopAnoM para car3hate car3hate antata: unheM brahmacarya vrata mila hI gyaa| parivAra se nikala jAne kA kleza parivAra jana ko thA hI, para vaha inake aDiga saMkalpa ke Ar3e nahIM A sakA / ikkIsaveM varSa meM vidyAdhara aba praviSTa ho cuke the / AcAryapravara zrI dezabhUSaNajI ke saMgha meM zarIka hokara cUlagiri, jayapura, rAjasthAna se unake sAtha zravaNabelagolA, hAsana, karnATaka pahu~cakara bhagavAn gomaTezvara ke mahAmastakAbhiSeka ke pavitra pariveza meM ve bhItara se bhIMga ge| upasarga aura parISahoM para vo nirantara vijaya lAbha karate hI ge| stavanidhi kSetra se zrI vidyAdhara bambaI hote hue ajamera, rAjasthAna pahu~ce / zrI kajaur3Imala ke ghara Ae aura unake Agraha para AhAra grahaNa kiyaa| phira unhoMne samIpastha madanagaMja-kizanagar3ha meM virAjamAna munivarya zrI jJAnasAgarajI ke caraNoM meM upasthita hone kA apanA saMkalpa sunaayaa| kaur3ImalajI unheM vahA~ le gae aura vidyAdharajI unakA darzana kara dhanya-dhanya ho ge| guruvara ne parIkSA lene ke nimitta pUchA ki vaha yahA~-vahA~ ghUmate rahane kI pravRttivaza puna: vahA~ se lauTa to nahIM jAyagA ? isa para zrI vidyAdharajI ne savArI ke upayoga karane kA tyAgakara 'IryA caryA' grahaNa karane kI bAta kI / gurudeva vismayAnvita ho uThe / aba ve zAstrAbhyAsa aura gurusevA meM DUbate ge| mUlata: kannar3a bhASAbhASI evaM navamI kakSA taka vidyAdhyayana karane vAle vidyAdhara ke saMskRta aura hindI bhASA ke jJAna kI kamI ko dUra kiyA paM. mahendrakumArajI ne / brahmacArI vidyAdhara abhI 22 varSa kA bhI nahIM huA thA para usakI agAdha guruniSThA, zAstrAbhyAsa aura dRDhavrata kA bhAva dekhakara gurudeva itane prabhAvita hue ki ajamera, rAjasthAna meM vidyAdhara ko sIdhe (kSullaka, ailaka dIkSA kI sIr3hiyoM ko pArakara) muni dIkSA de dI / kezaluMca ho cukA thA / dIkSA saMskAroM ke uparAnta ASAr3ha zukla paMcamI, vi. saM. 2025, 30 jUna, 1968 ko ve vidyAdhara se muni vidyAsAgara ho ge| 1
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 489 gha- vAsantika pariNati dIkSA ke anantara zAstrajJAna kI tIvra pipAsA ne manISiyoM ke saujanya se tRpti pAI / san 1969 meM zrI jJAnasAgarajI ne AcAryapada grahaNa kiyaa| phira AcArya jJAnasAgarajI ne nasIrAbAda, ajamera, rAjasthAna meM mArgazIrSa kRSNa dvitIyA, vi. saM. 2029, 22 navambara, 1972 ko gurudakSiNA ke rUpa meM vivaza kara muni vidyAsAgarajI ko AcAryapada para abhiSikta kara apanI sallekhanA unhIM kI dekharekha meM prArambha kI aura 1 jUna, 1973 ko samAdhistha ho ge| inakI tapazcaryA se parivAra itanA prabhAvita huA ki donoM bhAiyoM aura bahinoM ne bhI gRhatyAga kara jaina prasthAna meM dIkSA grahaNa kii| bAda meM to mAtA-pitA bhI mokSamArga meM zaraNAgata ho ge| "yo'nUcAna: sa no mahAn'- hotA hai / kahA gayA hai-"na tena vRddho bhavati yenAsya palitaM ziraH' - jJAnavRddha, tapovRddha sarvocca hotA hai / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara isa zikhara para ArUr3ha ho cuke the| AcAryapada para vibhUSita hokara saMgha saMcAlana kA dAyitva avadhAnapUrvaka sa~bhAla rahe the| cAturmAsa Adi kI kAlAvadhi meM unake dvArA racanA praNayana kA jo zubhArambha huA, aneka stotra tathA kAvyoM ke nirmANa kI paramparA calI usakI vAsantika pariNati 'mUkamATI' meM huii| sAtha-sAtha saMgha meM dIkSAdAna kA krama bhI nirantara calatA rhaa| isI ke sAtha hI mahilA varga meM jJAna aura cAritra ke unnayana hetu sAgara tathA jabalapura, madhyapradeza meM do AzramoM kI bhI sthApanA kii| ve brAhmI vidyAzrama' ke nAma se jAne jAte haiN| '84 jabalapura meM AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara zodha saMsthAna kI sthApanA huI / inake nirdezana meM aneka mandira aura mahanIya Azrama bhI banate jA rahe haiM / sAgara, madhyapradeza meM janasevA ke nimitta 'bhAgyodaya tIrtha' saMjJaka cikitsAlaya to jabalapura meM 'bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina prazAsakIya prazikSaNa saMsthAna' aura deza bhara meM gau sevA ke nimitta zatAdhika gauzAlAe~ bhI sthApita huI haiN| abhI taka Apase 89 muni, 172 AryikA, 20 ailaka, 14 kSullaka evaM 3 kSullikAe~ dIkSA pAkara mokSamArga para agrasara hue haiM tathA saikar3oM bAla brahmacArI yuvakayuvatiyA~ bhI sAdhanArata haiN| isa prakAra anuvaMza, pariveza tathA mahAmanISiyoM ke sAnnidhya se inakA vikasita aura vilokanIya vyaktitva apane AcaraNoM meM nirantara pratiphalita hotA A rahA hai| khaNDa do : jIvana darzana 'darzana' zabda kA jaina prasthAna meM artha hai - zraddhAna / ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra' meM kahA gayA hai : "zraddhAnaM paramArthAnAmAptAgamatapobhRtAm / trimUDhApoDhamaSTAGgaM samyagdarzanamasmayam" // 4 // paramArthabhUta deva, zAstra aura guru kA trividha mUr3hatAoM se rahita, ATha aMgoM se sahita tathA ATha prakAra ke madoM se rahita zraddhAna karanA hI 'samyak darzana' kahA jAtA hai / zramaNa prasthAna ke atirikta brAhmaNa prasthAna meM 'darzana' kA mukhya artha jJAna hai / jaina prasthAna meM jJAna 'darzana' se bhinna hai / 'darzana' sAkSAtkAra hai / sAkSAtkArAtmaka jJAna hai - jo do prakAra (brAhmaNa darzana) kA hai-paramparayA sAkSAtkArAtmaka tathA sAkSAt sAkSAtkArAtmaka / pahalA indriya tathA mana sApekSa hotA hai aura dUsarA donoM se nirapekSa svayam (Atma) se svayam kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai / ise sAkSAt aparokSAnubhUti kahate haiN| jaina prasthAna meM pratyakSa jJAna isI dUsare prakAra ke indriya-mana:-nirapekSa Atmabala se hone vAlA jJAna hai / vahA~ parokSa aura pratyakSa jaise jJAna ke do bheda haiN| inameM parokSabhUta mati-zrutajJAna se bhinna tathA indriya va mana kI sahAyatA binA Atmabala se hone vAlA pratyakSa jJAna bhI avadhi, mana:paryaya tathA kevalajJAna rUpa trividha hai / sAkSAt aparokSAnubhUti yA
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________________ 490 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kevalajJAna hI pratyakSa kA pAramArthika rUpa hai / jIvana darzana ke sandarbha meM isI sAkSAt aparokSAnubhUti yA kevalajJAna ko lenA avasarocita lagatA hai| isa darzana ko dRSTi kA paryAya mAnA jAtA hai / yaha darzana yA dRSTi trividha hai| dRSTi yA darzana vizvadRSTi, jIvanadRSTi, kAvyadRSTi aura AlocanadRSTi ke bheda se vividha prakAra kI hai| hameM yahA~ jIvanadRSTi yA darzana para vicAra karanA hai| vizvadRSTi se abhiprAya vizva ke mUlabhUta upAdAna se hai jabaki 'jIvanadarzana' trikoNa hai-zIrSa para gantavya hai, tadartha nirdhArita mArga dvitIya AdhAra bindu hai aura tRtIya bindu hai - mArga ke prati AsthA ke dRDhIkaraNa ke lie manana yA cintana / isa manana meM apane mArga ke prati AsthA ko vikampita karane vAle jo vikAra hoM, unakA khaNDana kare / yahA~ khaNDana apane mArga ke prati AsthA ke dRr3hIkaraNa ke lie hai, na ki parakIya mata ke khaNDana ke lie| maMz2ilabaddha sAdhaka sabhI mArgoM ke prati sahiSNu hotA hai para AsthA apane prasthAna ke mArga ke prati rakhanA hai| anekAntavAda isI kA pariNAma hai| __ AcAryazrI ke jIvana-darzana kA jahA~ taka sambandha hai, unakI racanAoM se use prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| racanA yAnI kAvya meM sAdhanA-labdha saMvedanA mukhara rahatI hai| usakI puSTi meM, taha meM siddhAnta aura mAnyatAe~ saMlagna rahatI haiN| kisI santa kA jIvana-darzana usakI sAdhanA-prasUta saMvedanA kI abhivyakti se nirjharita hotA hai / ata: unakI racanAoM ke mAdhyama se unakA jIvana-darzana pAyA jA sakatA hai| AcAryazrI 'darzana' kA artha kevala manana' taka hI sImita rakhate haiN| ve kahate haiM : "darzana kA srota mastaka hai,/svastika se aMkita hRdaya se adhyAtma kA jharanA jharatA hai |/drshn ke binA adhyAtma-jIvana cala sakatA hai, calatA hI hai/...adhyAtma svAdhIna nayana hai darzana parAdhIna upanayana/darzana meM darza nahIM zuddhatattva kA... adhyAtma sadA satya cidrUpa hI/bhAsvata hotA hai|" ('mUkamATI', pR. 288) isa prakAra ve mAnate haiM ki darzana mastiSka kI upaja hai jabaki adhyAtma kA srota hRdaya hai| jo bhI ho, jIvanadarzana meM gantavya, mArga aura AsthA ke dRr3hIkaraNa meM upayogI manana-tInoM kA samAveza hai / Akhira mastiSka prasUta cintana sAdhana hI hai-sAdhya yA gantavya to hai nhiiN| uparyukta tInoM bindu paraspara saMlagna aura sambaddha haiN| unakA vicAra hai- "darzana kA Ayudha zabda hai - vicAra, adhyAtma nirAyudha hotA hai/sarvathA stabdha - nirvicAra !/eka jJAna hai, jJeya bhI/eka dhyAna hai, dhyeya bhI" ('mUkamATI', pR. 289) / unakI dRSTi meM : " 'sva' ko sva ke rUpa meM/'para' ko para ke rUpa meM/jAnanA hI sahI jJAna hai, aura/'sva' meM ramaNa karanA/sahI jJAna kA 'phl'|" ('mUkamATI, pR. 375) AcAryazrI kI dRSTi meM yahI gantavya hai / 'tattvArthasUtra' meM AcAryazrI umAsvAmI kA kahanA hai : "kRtsnakarmavipramokSo mokssH|" sampUrNa karma kA kSaya hote hI jIva apane naisargika svarUpa ko prApta kara letA hai aura usameM ina ananta catuSTayoM kI utpatti sadyaH ho jAtI hai - ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta sukha tathA ananta vIrya / AcAryazrI ne apane DhaMga se gantavya kA svarUpa ukta paMktiyoM meM spaSTa kara diyA hai / use yAnI mokSarUpa maMz2ila ko aura spaSTa karate hue unhoMne kahA hai : "bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA/AmUla miTa jAnA hI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 491 mokSa hai| isI kI zuddha-dazA meM/avinazvara sukha hotA hai/jise prApta hone ke bAda,/yahA~/saMsAra meM AnA kaise sambhava hai tuma hI btaao|" ('mUkamATI', pR. 486-487) dugdha se nikalane para navanIta puna: dUdha meM nahIM jAtA / tathA yaha anubhUti : "vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI/avazya milegI magara/mArga meM nahIM,/maMjila para !" ('mUkamATI, pR. 488) AcAryazrI bhI mArga-maMz2ila kI bAta spaSTa taura para kara rahe haiN| Upara jIvana-darzana ke phrema yAnI DhA~ce meM inakI carcA AI hai| isa prakAra jIvana-darzana ke bindu to spaSTa haiN| maMz2ila arthAt gantavya kA svarUpa spaSTa haiN| samprati mArga kI bAta prakrAnta hai| AcAryazrI kI racanAoM meM jaina prasthAna kI mAnyatAe~ aura siddhAntoM kI rocaka prastuti huI hai| 'mUkamATI' ke 'mAnasa taraMga' meM lekhaka ne spaSTa kahA hai : "aise hI kucha mUla-bhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana hetu isa kRti kA sRjana huA hai|" prAyaH samasta kRti meM sAdhaka ghaTa ko pratIka banAkara jaina prasthAna kA tapa:sAdhya mArga hI nirUpita huA hai| 'zreyAMsi bahuvighnAni' kA jvalanta nidarzana hai taporata ghaTa kA pratIka / AcArya zrI umAsvAmI ne kahA hai : "samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokssmaargH|" mokSa, jo gantavya yA maMz2ila hai, taka le jAnevAlA mArga inhIM ratnatraya kA ekAnvita rUpa hai / samyagdarzana sAdhaka jIva kA zraddhAna hai, usake kAraNa hI jJAna meM samIcInatA kA AdhAna hotA hai aura tabhI AtmasvabhAva aura vibhAva, sva-para kA bheda samajha kara, jaisA ki AcAryazrI ne kahA hai, AtmA apane guNoM meM ramaNa karatI hai| samyak cAritra yahI hai / sArA kAvya batAtA hai ki sAdhaka kisa taraha Atmagata sAMkarya naSTa karatA hai, pApaprakSAlana karatA hai, upasarga aura parISahoM kA maraNAntaka sAmanA karatA hai, Aga jaisI paristhitiyoM meM tapakara paripakva hotA hai, satpAtratA arjita karatA hai, zraddhAjala se ApUrita hokara zrI sadguru ke netRtva meM AtmasamarpaNa karatA hai-svayaM aura apane avalamba ko vipatti sAgara se pAra utAratA hai aura svayaM santaraNa kara jAtA hai / maMz2ila taka pahu~cane meM caudaha guNasthAnoM ke sopAna pAra karane par3ate haiN| grantha meM unameM se bhI kucha kA upalakSaNa rUpa meM saMketa vidyamAna hai / antata: zrI sadguru sthAnIya zilpI kumbhakAra bhI usa arihanta kI ora saMketa karatA hai jo upadeza ke amRta kI dhArAsAra vRSTi kara rahA hai| jIvana-darzana kA tIsarA bindu hai-manana / isake dvArA svakIya mArga ke prati AsthA ke dRr3hIkaraNa ke lie cintana kiyA jAtA hai aura parakIya virodhI pakSoM kA nirasana kiyA jAtA hai| udAharaNa ke lie 'mUkamATI' meM kArya mAtra ke prati kevala upAdAna aura nimitta kAraNoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| jaina prasthAna mAnatA hai ki sRSTi anAdi hai-usake kartArUpa meM Izvara kI kalpanA nirarthaka hai| mAnava mAtra meM svayam Izvaratva paryavasAyinI sambhAvanA hai, pratyeka AtmA meM paramAtmA hone kI sambhAvanA hai, paramAtmA jaisI alaga se koI viziSTa sattA nahIM hai / AcAryazrI ne svAti ke jala se muktA ke banane meM kisI kartA kA astitva nahIM dekhA hai| jala svayam upAdAna hai aura viziSTa kakSa meM usakA A jAnA nimitta hai / kArya aura kartA kA avinAbhAva sambandha hotA, jo yahA~ bhI lakSita hotA hai| AcAryazrI ne prasaMgAt aneka mAnyatAoM kI bAta kI hai / parA, pazyantI, madhyamA aura vaikharI kA uttama nirUpaNa bhI 'mUkamATI' (pR. 401-404) grantha meM huA hai / 'niyati' aura 'puruSArtha' ke dvandva para bhI unakI apanI mAnyatA isI grantha meM (pR. 349) vyakta huI hai| unakI dRSTi meM 'apane meM lIna honA hI niyati hai' tathA 'AtmA ko chor3akara saba padArthoM ko vismRta karanA hI puruSArtha hai'| jIva kA svarUpa isa prasthAna meM na to aNurUpa hai aura na hI vibhu,
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________________ 492 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA vaha svadeha parimANa hai / aisI tamAma apane prasthAna kI mAnyatAe~ prasaMgata: vyakta huI haiM / ye mAnyatAe~ mananaprasUta haiM jo yahA~ paripuSTa huI haiN| antataH niSkarSa rUpa meM AcAryazrI ke apane jIvana-darzana ke aMga rUpa vibhinna sopAnoM kA atyanta rocaka pakSa prastuta karane ke lobha kA saMvaraNa nahIM kara sktaa| unakA kitanA saMgata anubhava hai jo adhyAtmamArga meM sarvasammata pratIta hai| unhoMne kahA hai : " 'pUta kA lakSaNa pAlane meM kahA thA na beTA, hamane/usa samaya, jisa samaya tumane merI AjJA kA pAlana kiyA/jo/kumbhakAra kA saMsarga kiyA/so sRjanazIla jIvana kA/Adima sarga huaa|/jiskaa saMsarga kiyA jAtA hai usake prati samarpaNa bhAva ho,/usake caraNoM meM tumane/jo ahaM kA utsarga kiyA/so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA/dvitIya sarga huaa| samarpaNa ke bAda samarpita kI/bar3I-bar3I parIkSAyeM hotI haiM aura "suno !/kharI-kharI samIkSAyeM hotI haiM, tumane agni-parIkSA dI/utsAha sAhasa ke sAtha/jo/upasarga sahana kiyA, so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA/tRtIya sarga huaa| parIkSA ke bAda/pariNAma nikalatA hI hai/parAzrita-anusvAra, yAnI bindu-mAtra varNa-jIvana ko/tumane UrdhvagAmI-UrdhvamukhI/jo svAzrita visarga kiyA,/so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA/antima sarga huA / nisarga se hI/sRj-dhAtu kI bhA~ti/bhinna-bhinna upasarga pA tumane svayaM ko/jo/nisarga kiyA,/so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA vargAtIta apavarga huaa|" ('mUkamATI, pR. 482-483) dharatI (mahAsattA) ke dvArA kumbha ko sambodhita ina vacanoM ne sabako kumbhakAra kI ora unmukha kara diyA aura kumbhakAra ne namratA kI mudrA meM Akara isa sabako RSi-santoM kI kRpA batAte hue kucha hI dUrI para pAdapa ke nIce pASANaphalaka para AsIna nIrAga sAdhu kI ora sabakA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA / unakI pradakSiNA huI, pAdodaka sara para lagAyA gayA, phira bhI cAtaka kI bhA~ti gurukRpA kI pratIkSA meM saba / gurudeva hAtha uThakAra kahate haiM : "zAzvata sukha kA lAbha ho'| isa prakAra manana se puSTIkRta mArga dvArA upalabdha maMz2ila (mokSa) kA svarUpa spaSTa karatA huA santa sadguru mauna ho jAtA hai / ziSyoM kI granthiyA~ chinna-bhinna ho jAtI haiN| isa prakAra AcAryazrI ne zAstrIya pAribhASika zabdAvalI kI lauha zrRMkhalA se mukta kara jisa sarvamAnya paddhati se apanA jIvana darzana prastuta kiyA hai, vaha hRdaya ko tRpta kara detA hai / isa nirvahaNAtmaka prastuti meM maMz2ila, mArga aura tadartha manana-sabhI kucha A gayA hai| AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja : prathama darzana aura anubhUti mahAkavi zrIharSa ne kahA hai : "guNAdbhute vastuni mauninA cet / vAgjanmavaiphalyamasahyazalyam // " naiSadhIya-caritam
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 493 koI vastu yA vyakti apane guNoM se adbhuta, aloka sAmAnya aura vismayAvaha lage aura darzaka ko isakA gaharAI se ahasAsa ho, cupa na rahA jAya-phira bhI cupa raha jAya, to darzaka kI vANI kA janma viphala ho jAtA hai aura yaha viphalatA kaleje meM gar3e kA~Te kI taraha nirantara kaSTa detI rahatI hai - vo apane Apa meM asahya hai / AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI kI vismayAvaha zArIrika dIpti aura mAnasika vRtti ko prathama darzana para dekhakara aisA hI lgaa| unakI deha se kAnti phUTatI hai-jo anyatra dRSTigocara nahIM hotI / unake sAnnidhya meM eka abhUtapUrva zAnti kA anubhava hotA hai- utanI dera ke lie jaise cetanA para chAI huI tamAma vikRtiyA~ tirohita ho jAtI haiM aura apUrva Ananda kA anubhava hotA hai| jihvA aura upastha ko janmajanmAntaragarjita vAsanA kA ambAra barAbara durnivAra dhakkA detA rahatA hai / UrjA, durnivAra UrjA, svabhAvata: jala kI taraha adha:kSaraNa ke lie becaina rahatI hai / sArA saMsAra isa udvela aura vegavAn pravAha meM DUbatA-utarAtA zava kI taraha bahatA calA jAtA hai, para yaha AcAryazrI aura inake prabhAva meM rahane vAlA zramaNa saMgha hai, jo apanI vismayAvaha saMyamavRtti kA paricaya detA hai, jo donoM indriyoM ke uttejaka aura uddIpaka pariveza kA una para vaise hI koI prabhAva nahIM hai, jaise kamala-patra para jala kaa| isa krama meM unakA zizubhAva darzanIya hai| jaise zizu usa ora se anajAna banA rahatA hai / vaha saba kucha usake bodha hI meM nahIM hotA, ThIka vahI dazA inakI bhI hai / saMsAra ke sAMsArika havA-pAnI kA una para koI duSprabhAva nahIM hai / tyAga kI to vahA~ parAkASThA hai / digambara, nirvastra mahAtmA ke zarIra para na koI spandana hai, na koI kabhI vikAra / dabAva se yaha sthiti nahIM A sktii| yaha svabhAva bana jAne para hI sambhava hai| damana yA dabAva cetana dazA meM hI kAma kara sakatA hai svapna aura suSupti kI acetana dazA meM nhiiN| vahA~ to svabhAva hI kAma karegA / AcAryazrI kI cetanA meM yaha svabhAva siddha hai| itanA saba to kevala unake darzana mAtra se pratItigocara hotA hai / sannidhAna meM rahakara bAtacIta ke daurAna eka ora nirvyAja prasAda, RjutA aura sahajatA se maNDita abhivyakti kA pravAha umar3atA lakSita hotA hai to dUsarI ora gahana aura gambhIra dArzanika cintana dhArA kA umar3Ava / vastuta: gAmbhIrya vahIM hotA hai jahA~ prasAda hotA hai / jo jalAzaya nirmala hotA hai vahA~ gaharAI hotI hI hai| unakI vAcika aura laiMgika abhivyakti kI gaharAI unake sAtha zAstrIya carcA meM nirantara jhalakatI rahatI hai| yaha carcA cAhe darzana ke kSetra kI ho yA kAvya ke-ubhayatra unakI prAtibhakSamatA kA atalasparzI rUpa lakSita hotA hai / 'mUkamATI' para carcA ke daurAna donoM kSetroM ke prasaMga DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave aura mere-donoM ke sAmane Ae haiN| DaoN. mAcave kI bhamikA isa sandarbha meM draSTavya hai| zAstra to unake jIvana meM bolatA hI rahatA hai| kAvya-carcA ke daurAna bhI ve aise-aise pakSa sAmane rakhate haiM ki nayA se nayA cintaka bhI stabdha raha jAtA hai / ve mAnate haiM ki kAvyaprAtibha akhaNDa vyApAra hai, ata: na to kAvya ko pAramparika sA~coM meM hI bA~dhA jA sakatA hai aura na hI racanA ko zIrSakoM meM / mahAkavi kI pahacAna hI yahI hai : "so'rthastadvyaktisAmarthyayogI ca zabdazca kazcana / yatnataH pratyabhijJeyau tau zabdArtho mahAkaveH // " mahAkavi ke bala haiM-Akhara aura aratha / gosvAmI tulasIdAsa kahate haiM : "kavihiM Akhara aratha bala saaNcaa|" kAlidAsa bhI vAgarthapratipatti' ke lie jagat-mAtA-pitA kI ArAdhanA karate haiM / pratibhAprasUta ye zabda aura artha kucha aura hI hote haiM / na vahA~ artha kI paratoM kI koI iyattA hai aura na usake prakAzana meM samartha zabda kI asIma kSamatA kii| aise meM kavi se nirmukta racanA ko zIrSakoM meM kaise bA~dhA jA sakatA hai ? isa taraha unake sannidhAna meM Ane para aneka smaraNIya pakSa sAmane Ate rahate haiN|
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________________ 494 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA khaNDa tIna : AcArya vidyAsAgara kA racanA-saMsAra 'samagra : AcArya vidyAsAgara' (eka) kavayitA AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara zramaNa dhArA ke zikhara puruSa haiN| 'kheda' aura 'tapa' ke artha vAlI 'zramu' dhAtu se niSpanna zramaNa' zabda inake sandarbha meM nitAnta anvartha hai / isa tapomUrti ne jisa bhI sAttvika kSetra meM kadama rakhA-usI meM apanA ullekhya sthAna banA liyA / inake tapa kA eka pakSa sArasvata tapa bhI hai| usa prazasta aura puSkala tapa kA sAkSI hai - 'samagra : AcArya vidyAsAgara' / isake cAra khaNDa haiN| prathama khaNDa meM inakI saMskRta bhASAbaddha maulika racanAe~ unhIM ke bhAvAnuvAda sahita saMgrahIta haiM / isa khaNDa meM kula pA~ca zataka haiM-zramaNa-zatakam, bhAvanA-zatakam, niraJjanazatakam, parISahajaya-zatakam (aparanAma jJAnodaya) tathA sunIti-zatakam / 1. 'zramaNa-zatakam' (saMskRta, 6 maI, 1974) evaM zramaNa-zataka' (hindI, 18 sitambara, 1974) 'zramaNa' yaha eka yogarUr3ha saMjJA hai| zramu' dhAtu se lyuT pratyaya hone para yaha zabda niSpanna hotA hai| 'tapa' aura tajjanya kheda' isakA vyutpattimUlaka artha hai, para pravRttinimitta kI dRSTi se pracalanavaza eka viziSTa dhArA ke tapasviyoM ke lie yaha rUr3ha ho gayA hai| bhArata meM sanAtanI vidyA kI abhivyakti dvividha hai-zAbda aura prAtibha / prAtibha abhivyakti vAlI dhArA ke tapasviyoM ke lie yaha saMjJAzabda rUr3ha ho gayA hai / yoM tapa aura tajjanya kheda sabhI AdhyAtmika dhArAoM meM hai, para rUr3hi jaina aura bauddha dhArA ke tapasviyoM ke lie hI hai| isameM bhI dhyAna-sAdhanA to ubhayatra samAna hai- para tapa meM jaina muniyoM kI barAbarI koI nahIM kara sakatA / jaina dhArA meM bhI digambarI tapa apratima hai| AcAryazrI ne ThIka hI kahA hai "yo dhatte sudRzA samaM munirvAGmanobhyAM ca vapuSA samam / vipazyati sahasA sa maM hyanantaviSayaM na tRSA samam" // 4 // isa padya kA Apane svayaM hI kAvyAnuvAda 'zramaNa-zataka' (hindI) meM kiyA hai : "vANI, zarIra, mana ko jisane sudhArA, sAnanda sevana kare samatA-sudhArA / dharmAbhibhUta muni hai vaha bhavya jIva; zuddhAtma meM nirata hai rahatA sadaiva" // 84 // ye tapasvI madamatta karaNakuMjaroM ko svabhAva meM pratiSThita hone ke lie vazIbhUta kara lete haiN| vismayAvaha hai inakI tpsyaa| 2. 'niraJjana-zatakam' (saMskRta, 23 maI, 1977) evaM 'niraJjana-zataka' (hindI, 16 jUna, 1977) isa zataka meM niraJjana jinezvara athavA siddha parameSThI kA stavana kiyA gayA hai tAki bhavabhramaNa dhvasta ho ske| unhoMne ThIka hI kahA hai : "nijarucA sphurate bhavate'yate, guNagaNaM gaNanAtigakaM yate !
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 495 viditavizva ! vidA vijitAyate ! nanu namastata eSa jinAyate" // 2 // rASTrabhASA meM anUdita 'niraJjana-zataka' meM isa padya kA bhAva avalokanIya hai : "svAmI, ananta-guNa-dhAma bane hue ho, zobhAyamAna nija kI dyuti se hue ho| mRtyuMjayI sakala-vijJa vibhAvanAzI; vandU~ tumheM, jina banUM sakalAvabhAzI(SI)" // 2 // he aja, (parame tiSThati - iti parameSThI) zAnti vidhAyaka, sukhasvarUpa ! ApakI stuti se ApakA sukhaprada zraddhAna athavA ApakI stuti kI kiraNAvalI mere isa hRdaya meM paramArtha se usa taraha atyadhika praveza kara rahI hai jisa taraha kI prabhApuMja sUrya kI kiraNeM sacchidra ghara meM praveza karatI rahI haiN| isa stavana se sabhI stotAoM kA hRdaya prakAzamaya ho sakatA hai| 3. 'bhAvanA-zatakam' (saMskRta, 11 maI, 1975) evaM 'bhAvanA-zataka' (hindI, 10 agasta, 1975, aparanAma 'tIrthaMkara aise bane') zrI guru aura zAradA ke stavana ke anantara apane prati zrutaviSaya para Ate hue munizrI kI kevala yahI bhAvanA hai ki 'vibhAva' bhAva para vijaya pAI jAya-AtmA meM saMkrAnta Agantuka doSoM kA nAza kiyA jAya / gantavyAnurUpa bhAvanA meM cetanA nirantara ekatAna rahe to siddhi mila sakatI hai / vastuta: yaha sArA khela bhAvanA kA hI hai / yahI prabala sAdhanA hai / usake avalamba se sAdhaka abhISTa taka pahu~ca sakatA hai / bhAvanA se darzanamoha naSTa ho jAtA hai-ananta kaSAya ni:zeSa ho jAtA hai-sadbhAratI kI yaha UrdhvabAhu ghoSaNA hai / munizrI kA dRr3ha vizvAsa hai : . "taM jayatAjinAgamaH zraya zreyaso na yena vinA gamaH / na hi kalayati manAgamastvAM mado yad bhave'nAgamaH" // 7 // 0 "bhavatA nijAnubhavataH prabhoH prabhAvanA kriyatAM hi bhvtH| mano'van manobhavata: kSaNavinAzavibhAvavibhavataH" // 89 // ina donoM padoM kA manohArI citraNa Apane bhAvanA-zataka' meM kiyA hai| jahA~ kAmadeva se bacane kA sandeza dete haiM, vahIM prabhAvanA ko bhI batAte haiM : "thA, he jinAgama, rahe jayavanta Age, pUjo ise tuma sabhI, ura bodha jaage| pAte kadApi phira nA bhavaduHkha nAnA; ho mokSalAbha, bhava meM phira ho na AnA" // 77 // - "bhAI suno, madana se mana ko bacAo, saMsAra ke viSaya meM ruci bhI na laao| pAo nijAnubhava ko, nija ko jagAo;
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________________ 496 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sad dharma kI phira apUrva prabhAvanA ho" // 89 // jo sAdhu, samAdhi se rahita ho ahaMkAra Adi apakAra ko nahIM rokatA hai vaha mantu-parameSThI ko prApta karane meM samartha nahIM hai| svakIya AtmA ko namana karatA huA maiM usa caura mAnava-parapadArthoM ko apanA mAnane vAle mAnava kI kabhI icchA nahIM karatA / munizrI jinavara ko sambodhita karate hue kahate haiM ki yathArthataH nija svabhAva meM lIna apadadigambara-nirgrantha sAdhu se hI yaha vaiyAvRtya suzobhita hotA hai, isa prakAra, jisa prakAra SaTpada bhramara se kamala aura pada vyavasAya udyoga se janapada, deza suzobhita hotA hai / munizrI kA anurodha yA Adeza hai ki una sAdhujanoM kI bhakti karo, unheM pUjo jo nija svarUpa meM lIna hote hue vana se bhaya nahIM karate aura bhavana meM koI icchA nahIM rakhate / AcAryazrI kA sandeza hai ki jisa prakAra agni ke saMyoga se kalaMka kA nAza hotA hai usI prakAra vAtsalya bhAva se AtmA kA kalaMka-doSa nAza ko prApta hotA hai| 4. * parISahajaya-zatakam' (saMskRta, 9 mArca, 1982) evaM 'parISahajaya-zataka' (hindI, 9 mArca, 1982, aparanAma 'jJAnodaya') deva, mAnava, pazu yA prakRti dvArA anAyAsa Ane vAlI zArIrika tathA mAnasika bAdhA upasarga hai aura sardIgarmI, bhUkha-pyAsa Adi bAdhAe~ parISaha kahI jAtI haiN| sAdhu ko ina para vijaya prApta karanI cAhie tAki Atma-cintana meM avarodha paidA na ho / karma-nirjarA ke lie inheM zAntabhAva se sahanA cAhie / isI Azaya se munizrI kA kathana hai : "pariSahaM kalayan saha bhAvataH, sa hatadeharucinijabhAvataH / paramatattvavidA kalito yatiH, jayatu me tu mana: phalato'yati" // 23 // parISaha vijaya karane vAle munIzvaroM kA smaraNa karate hue Apane ina paMktiyoM kA bhAvAnuvAda kiyA hai : "tana se, mana se aura vacana se uSNa-parISaha sahate haiM, nirIha tana se ho nija dhyAte, bahAva meM nA bahate haiN| . parama tattva kA bodha niyama se pAte yati jayazIla rahe; unakI yazagAthA gAne meM nizidina yaha mana lIna rahe" // 23 // unakA dRr3hasaMkalpa hai ki yadi kaNTakAdi tRNa pairoM meM nirantara pIr3A karatA hai aura gati meM antara, vyavadhAna lAtA hai to muni usase utpanna kaSTa ko vAstava meM sahana karate haiN| munizrI bhI bhedajJAna ke pratApa se usa vidyamAna kaSTa ko sahana karate haiN| unakA vizvAsa hai ki yadi sAdhaka saMyama se rahita rahA to mAtra zArIrika duSkara tapa nirarthaka hai / yaha ThIka hai ki vratanirata rahe sAdhaka, parantu parISaha jaya binA use bhI saphalatA nahIM miltii| yadi samadarzana nahIM hotA to yamadama-zama sabhI vyartha haiN| usa jIvana se kyA lAbha, jo pApa-kalaMka meM lipta rahatA hai| aisA jIvana khokhalA hai| * noTa - isa zataka ke padya kra. 4 meM evaM grantha ke anta meM bhI caturtha khaNDa ko 'parISahajaya-zataka' kahA gayA hai, para madhya meM zataka ke prArambha hone se pahale bhUla se 'sunIti-zataka' mudrita ho gayA hai| isI prakAra grantha ke anta meM 'stuti khaNDa' kA ullekha nahIM hai, para grantha meM yaha zIrSaka vidyamAna hai| vastuta: yaha zataka 'sunIti-zataka' hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 497 5. 'sunIti-zatakam' (saMskRta, 25 apraila, 1983) evaM 'sunIti-zataka' (hindI, 25 apraila, 1983) __ isa khaNDa kA antima zataka hai 'sunIti -zatakam' / isa zataka meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki sAdhaka ko nirantara nIti mArga para ArUr3ha rahanA caahie| aura santoM ne bhI kahA hai : "...nIti patha caliya rAga-rila jIti / " para nIti patha hai kyA-yaha jAnakara calanA apane Apa meM praguNita ho jAtA hai / sat kriyA to acchI hai hI, jJAnapUrvaka sampAdita hone se vaha aura guNavatI ho jAtI hai| ata: sAdhakoM ke kalyANa ke lie AcAryazrI ne isa zataka ko nIti-nirbhara kara rakhA hai| AcAryazrI ne ucita hI kahA hai ki zAstra vyavasAya ke lie nahIM banA hai, jIvana ko gantavyAnurUpa sAdhanA-patha para calane ke, dizAdAna ke lie banA hai| munizrI kA upadeza hai ki indriya viSayoM meM Asakta rahane vAle jo manuSya saMyama se sandhi nahIM karate haiM, ve kevala avasthA se vRddha ho sakate haiM, 'jJAna' aura 'saMyama' se nahIM / cAritra meM zithilatA rakhane vAle manuSya tiryak yoni meM paidA hote haiN| unakA vicAra hai ki cAritra aura sauzIlya kA saMyoga pAkara sAdhAraNa jJAna bhI parNatA ko prApta kara letA hai, ThIka vaise hI jaise uttama zANopala kA saMyoga pAkara svarNa kA mUlya itanA bar3ha jAtA hai ki vaha sajjanoM ke kaNTha kA alaMkAra bana jAtA hai| isa prakAra prathama khaNDa AcAryazrI kI saMskRta evaM hindI rUpa ubhayabhASAoM meM likhita maulika racanAoM se maNDita hokara sAdhakoM ke lie jJAnAloka kI varSA karatA hai aura ajJAna-andhakAra ko kSINa karatA huA ni:zeSa kara sakatA hai| isa khaNDa ke anta meM mudrita zAradA-jinavANI ke stavana hetu bAraha padya Apane 'zAradAstutiriyam' (saMskRta, 1971) nAma se likhe / bAda meM inakA bhAvAnuvAda hindI meM janavarI, 1991 meM AcAryazrI ne kara diyA hai| 'samagra : AcArya vidyAsAgara' (do) khaNDa-do meM AcAryazrI dvArA anUdita racanAe~ saMkalita haiN| ina racanAoM meM kucha to mUlata: saMskRta meM haiM aura kucha apabhraMza evaM prAkRta meM / sAmAnya jijJAsujanoM ke lie ye bhASAe~ durbodha haiM / eka to gambhIra vicAra aura dUsare saMskRta, apabhraMza evaM prAkRta bhASA-ina dohare avarodhoM ko pAkara jJAnAmRta kA pAna karanA kitanA kaThina hai, isa bhAvanA se bharita hokara dayAzIla aura karuNArdra AcAryazrI ne ina granthoM kA hindI rUpAntaraNa kara diyA hai / etadartha hama saba unake RNI haiN| jaina gItA (28 agasta, 1976) prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha 756 gAthAoM vAlA 'samaNasuttaM' saMjJaka grantha kA yaha anUdita rUpa hai / isameM cAra khaNDa haiN| isake prathama khaNDa jyotirmukha' meM 15 sUtroM (prakaraNoM) ke antargata gAthAe~ samAhita haiM-maMgala sUtra, jinazAsana sUtra, saMgha sUtra, nirUpaNa sUtra, saMsAracakra sUtra, karma sUtra, mithyAtva sUtra, rAgaparihAra sUtra, dharma sUtra, saMyama sUtra, aparigraha sUtra, ahiMsA sUtra, apramAda sUtra, zikSA sUtra, Atma sUtra / dvitIya khaNDa 'mokSamArga' meM mokSamArga sUtra, ratnatraya sUtra (vyavahAra ratnatraya evaM nizcaya ratnatraya sUtra), samyaktva sUtra (vyavahAra aura nizcaya samyaktva evaM samyagdarzana aMga), samyagjJAna sUtra, samyak cAritra sUtra (vyavahAra evaM nizcaya cAritra sUtra evaM samanvaya sUtra), sAdhanA sUtra, dvividha dharma sUtra, zrAvaka dharma
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________________ 498 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sUtra, zramaNa dharma sUtra, vrata sUtra, samiti - gupti sUtra, Avazyaka sUtra, tapa sUtra (bAhya tapa aura Abhyantara tapa ), dhyAna sUtra, anuprekSA sUtra, lezyA sUtra, AtmavikAsa sUtra, sallekhanA sUtra - isa prakAra kula 18 sUtroM ke antargata gAthAe~ isa khaNDa meM saMkalita haiN| 'tattva darzana' nAmaka tRtIya khaNDa tattva darzana se sambaddha hai| isameM tattva darzana sUtra, dravya sUtra, sRSTi sUtra jaise tIna sUtroM ke antargata gAthAoM kA saMkalana hai| caturtha khaNDa 'syAdvAda' meM anekAnta sUtra, pramANa sUtra ( pratyakSa-parokSa pramANa), naya sUtra, syAdvAda- saptabhaMgI sUtra, samanvaya sUtra, nikSepa sUtra ke sAtha samApana evaM vIra-stavana ke antargata bhI gAthAoM kA samAveza hai / isa khaNDa meM kula 8 sUtra haiM / kundakunda kA kundana (26 akTUbara, 1977) AcArya kundakunda svAmI dvArA prAkRta bhASA meM praNIta 'samayasAra' kA yaha anUdita rUpa hai / yaha grantha bhuktimukti kA bIja hai / isa grantha meM jIvAjIvAdhikAra, kartRkarmAdhikAra, puNyapApAdhikAra, AmravAdhikAra, saMvarAdhikAra, nirjarAdhikAra, bandhAdhikAra, mokSAdhikAra evaM sarvavizuddha jJAnAdhikAra kA samAveza hai / isa grantha kA anuvAda karane meM AcAryazrI ke samakSa kucha kaThinAiyA~ bhI AI haiM, jinakA ullekha unhoMne isa grantha meM kiyA hai / grantha paryApta gambhIra hai, ata: kaI TIkA-praTIkAoM kA sahArA lenA pdd'aa| unhoMne mAnA hai ki kahIMkahIM zabdAnuvAda bhI hai, para adhisaMkhya bhAvAnuvAda jaisA uttama aura prazasta rUpAntaraNa huA hai| isa grantharAja 'samayasAra ' para eka vRtti 'tAtparya' saMjJaka hai, jo jayasenAcArya dvArA praNIta hai / tadupari pUjya amRtacandra kI 'AtmakhyAti kA bhI manthana karanA par3A / cetanA kI lIlAnubhUti se ApyAyita antas samucchala ho uThA aura layAdhRta chanda meM nirbAdha baha calA / yahI hai sArasvata samAveza dazA, jisameM anubhUti 'samucitazabdacchandovRttAdiniyantrita' hokara baha nikalatI hai| kAvya kI racanA-prakriyA kA vivecana karate hue abhinavaguptapAda ne yahI kahA hai / 'samayasAra' kA hI nahIM, nATyakAvyAtmaka AtmakhyAtigata kalazArUpa 278 kArikAoM kA bhI rUpAntara bana par3A hai| AcArya kundakunda kI tIna racanAe~ bar3I praur3ha mAnI jAtI haiM - pravacanasAra, paJcAstikAya tathA samayasAra / amRtacandrasUri ne ina tInoM para TIkAe~ likhI haiN| ina ubhaya TIkAoM meM gAthAoM kI saMkhyA samAna nahIM milatI / samasyA yaha bhI AI - AcArya amRtacandra kI TIkAoM meM kama aura AcArya jayasena kI TIkAoM meM adhika gAthAe~ kyoM haiM ? 'pravacanasAra' kI cUlikA kA avalokana karate hue 'strImukti niSedha' vAle prasaMga para dhyAna gayA / vahIM 1012 gAthAe~ chUTI haiM / AcArya amRtacandra ne ina para TIkAe~ nahIM likhiiN| isase anumAna kiyA gayA ki AcArya amRtacandra strImukti niSedha kA prasaMga iSTa pratIta nahIM thaa| ina TIkAoM kI prazastioM se patA lagatA hai AcArya jayasena mUlasaMgha ke aura amRtacandra sUri kASThAsaMgha ke siddha haiM / AcArya zrI ko isase eka navIna viSaya milA / gambhIra granthAntara kA adhigama, bhASAntaraNa, layabaddha padyabaddhIkaraNa - yaha saba eka se eka kaThina kArya haiM, para lagana aura abhyAsa se saba kucha sambhava | AtmakhyAtigata 278 kArikAoM kA saMkalana- 'kalazA' nAma se khyAta hai / isake 188 veM kAvya ke viSaya meM chanda ko lekara ke kaThinAI aaii| vaha na gadya jAna par3A aura na padya / kAphI jaddojahada ke bAda lagA ki yaha to nirAlA aura ajJeya kI racanAoM meM prApta atukAnta chanda kA prAcIna rUpa hai| isameM eka khoja yaha bhI huI ki AcArya amRtacandra saMskRta layAtmaka kAvya ke Adya AviSkartA haiM / AcAryazrI ne una logoM se asahamati vyakta kI hai jo loga zabdajJAna, arthajJAna aura jJAnAnubhUti ko parigrahavAn gRhastha aura pramatta meM bhI mAnate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki jJAnAnubhUti to AtmAnubhava hai - zuddhopayoga hai| vaha parigraha aura pramAdavAle gRhastha ko to kyA hogA - pramatta digambara muni ko bhI nahIM ho sktaa| bhoga aura nirjarA eka sAtha nahIM cala sakate / Agama isa mAnyatA se asahamata hai /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 499 nijAmRtapAna/ kalazAgIta' (21 apraila, 1978) 'samayasAra' kA padyAnuvAda 'kundakunda kA kundana' aura adhyAtma rasa se bharapUra 'samayasAra-kalaza' kA padyAnuvAda 'nijAmRtapAna' ('kalazAgIta' nAma se bhI) hai / yaha grantha saMskRta meM mUlarUpa meM hai| isameM deva-zAstra-guru stavana ke bAda, 'jJAnodaya chanda' meM kalazoM kA padyabaddha rUpAntara prastuta huA hai / isakA lakSya hai jaina cintana meM prayukta pAribhASika zabdAvalI kI gA~The khula jAyeM tAki pAThaka usakA bharapUra AsvAda le sakeM / isameM kaI adhikAra haiMjIvAjIvAdhikAra, kartRkarmAdhikAra, puNyapApAdhikAra, AsravAdhikAra, saMvarAdhikAra, nirjarAdhikAra, bandhAdhikAra, mokSAdhikAra, sarvavizuddhajJAnAdhikAra, syAdvAdAdhikAra tathA sAdhyasAdhakAdhikAra / antata: maMgalakAmanA ke sAtha yaha bhASAntara sampanna huA hai| dravyasaMgraha (11 jUna, 1978 evaM 16 maI, 1991) mUlata: yaha grantha prAkRta bhASA meM hai| isake racayitA haiM nemicandra siddhAntideva / maMgalAcaraNa, zrIguru namana tathA grantha ke nirmANa kAla aura sthAna nirdeza ke sAtha yaha bhASAntara alaga-alaga chandoM meM kie jAne se do bhAgoM meM mudrita huA hai| vasantatilakA' chanda meM anUdita prathama bhAga meM jaina darzana ke vivecya viSaya carcita hue haiN| jaise, jIva svadeha parimANa hai| vaha svabhAvavaza UrdhvagAmI hotA hai / darzana ke cAra bheda, jJAna ke mati, zruta, avadhi jaise bheda, pratyakSa aura parokSa jJAna kA nirUpaNa, utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyayukta sat dravya, caturvidha guNayukta pudgala, pA~ca astikAya, karma, bandha, saMvara tathA nirjarA Adi tattvoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| sabakA paryavasAna mokSa meM hai| 'dravya saMgraha' bhAga do-meM 'jJAnodaya' chanda meM isa grantha ko puna: anUdita kiyA gayA hai| pUrvokta viSaya rUpa hI jIva-ajIva, aSTa karma, aSTa guNa, zuddha AtmA kA karmAtIta aura vaibhAvika guNoM se rahita honA, karmoM ke vividha bhedoM, samyagdarzana, jJAna, cAritra kA nirUpaNa, pUrNa jJAnarUpa kevalajJAna kI prApti Adi bhI varNita hai| aSTapAhur3a (31 akTUbara, 1978) AcArya kundakunda deva praNIta prAkRta bhASAbaddha grantha kA yaha padyabaddha rUpAntara nitAnta upAdeya aura kalyANakara hai| isake Arambha meM maMgalAcaraNa aura AcAryoM ko namana hai / tadanantara jinAgama kA rahasya anAvRta kiyA gayA hai| isameM darzana pAhur3a, sUtra pAhur3a, cAritra pAhur3a, bodha pAhur3a, bhAva pAhur3a, mokSa pAhur3a, liMga pAhur3a tathA zIla pAhur3a kA vivaraNa prastuta kara anya granthoM kI taraha isakA bhI samApana nirmANa ke sthAna evaM samaya paricaya ke sAtha huA hai / niyamasAra (25 agasta, 1979) AcArya kundakunda praNIta prAkRta bhASAbaddha 'niyamasAra' kA yaha bhASAntaraNa padyabaddha rUpa meM prastuta huA hai| moha aura pramAda ke nivAraNArtha yaha padyamaya anuvAda kiyA gayA hai| kevalI yA zrutakevalI AcAryoM ne jisa niyamasAra ko kahA hai, vahI yahA~ vidyamAna hai / pravRtti evaM nivRtti to prANimAtra ke lakSaNa haiM, para mokSAdhikArI mAnava ko svairAcAra varjita hai| use yadi svabhAva se pratiSThita honA hai to niyama-saMyama pUrvaka jijIviSA kI caritArthatA ke lie caryA banAnI par3egI: 0 "jo doSa mukta kRta kArita sammatI se, ___ to zuddha, prAsuka yathAgama-paddhatI se /
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________________ : mUkamATI-mImAMsA 500 :: sAgAra anna dina meM yadi dAna detA, le sAmya dhAra, muni eSaNa pAla letA / / 63 / ... pAle use satata sAdhu, sukhI banAtI " // 64 // isa taraha tamAma vidhi-niSedhamaya niyama yahA~ batAe gae haiN| sthAna, samaya, paricaya tathA maMgalakAmanA ke sAtha grantha pUrNa huA hai| dvAdazAnuprekSA (1979) AcArya kundakunda svAmI dvArA prAkRta bhASA meM likhe gae grantha kA yaha padyAnuvAdAtmaka bhASAntaraNa hai| dvA bhAvanAe~ hI dvAdaza anuprekSAe~ haiM : " saMsAra, loka, vRSa, Asava, nirjarA hai, anyatva aura azuci, adhruva, saMvarA hai / ekatva au azaraNA avabodhanA ye; bhAve sudhI satata dvAdaza bhAvanAyeM " / / 12 / / isameM anitya, azaraNa, ekatva, anyatva, saMsAra, loka, azuci, Asava, saMvara, nirjarA, bodhidurlabha tathA dharma - ina anuprekSAoM kA mArmika vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| samantabhadra kI bhadratA (29 mArca, 1980) AcArya samantabhadra svAmI kI saMskRta bhASA meM eka racanA hai - 'svayambhU stotram ' / prastuta grantha usI kA - padyabaddha bhASAntaraNa hai| isameM stotavya caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA stavana kiyA gayA hai| jinakA stavana kiyA gayA hai, ve haiM vRSabhanAtha, ajitanAtha, zambhavanAtha, abhinandananAtha, sumatinAtha, padmaprabha, supArzvanAtha, candraprabha, puSpadanta, zItalanAtha, zreyonAtha, vAsupUjya, vimalanAtha, anantanAtha, dharmanAtha, zAntinAtha, kunthunAtha, arahanAtha, mallinAtha, munisuvratanAtha, naminAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura antata: vIra stavana ke sAtha yathApUrva isa grantha kA bhI samApana huA hai / guNodaya (26 akTUbara, 1980 ) AcArya guNabhadra praNIta saMskRta bhASAbaddha 'AtmAnuzAsana' grantha kI AcArya zrI dvArA padyabaddha huI isa kRti meM jina darzana ke dazavidha samyagdarzanoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - AjJA, mArga, sadupadeza, sUtra, bIja, samAsa (saMkSepa), vistRta (vistAra) tathA artha samudbhava, avagAr3ha aura paramAvagAr3ha samyaktva / isameM ina sabakA rahasyodghATana kiyA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai: : "sadgati sukha ke sAdhaka guNagaNa jinheM apekSita pyAre haiM, durgati dukha ke kAraNa sAre hue upekSita khAre haiM / phalataH sAdhaka ko bhajate haiM adhika vidhAyaka ko tajate; subudha janoM meM zreSTha raheM ve jana-jana haiM unako bhajate" / / 145 / /
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________________ ataH mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 501 "guNI rahA jo vahI niyama se vividha guNoM kA nilaya rahA, vilaya guNoM kA honA hI basa, huA guNI kA vilaya rahA / ata: 'mokSa' guNa guNI vilaya hI anya matoM kA abhimata hai; rAgAdika kI kintu hAni hI mokSa rahA yaha 'jinamata' hai" // 265 // rayaNamaMjUSA (4 apraila, 1981) AcArya samantabhadra praNIta saMskRta meM nibaddha ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra' kI yaha bhASAntarita padyabaddha kRti hai| yaha eka aisI maMjUSA hai jisameM zrAvakavarga ke lie upadeza ke ratna bhare hue haiM / jo inheM apane jIvana meM utAratA hai, vaha jIvana ko caritArtha kara letA hai| kahA gayA hai : "mithyAdarzana Adika se jo nija ko rItA kara pAyA, doSarahita vidyA darzana vrata ralakaraNDaka kara paayaa| dharma artha kI kAma mokSa kI siddhi usI kA varaNa kare; tIna loka meM pati-icchA se svayaM usI meM ramaNa kare" // 149 // AptamImAMsA (16 sitambara, 1983) AcArya samantabhadra svAmI dvArA saMskRta bhASAbaddha 'AptamImAMsA' (devAgamastotram) kA AcAryazrI dvArA padyabaddha yaha bhASAntaraNa hai / isameM Aptajana kahate haiM : "vidheya hai pratiSedhya vastu kA avirodhI suna Arya mahA, kAraNa, hai vaha iSTa kArya kA aMga rahA anivArya rhaa| Apasa meM AdeyapanA au heyapanA kA pUraka hai; syAdvAdavaza yahI rahA saba vAdoM kA unmUlaka hai" // 113 // ekAnta nahIM, anekAnta dRSTi hI saMgata hai| iSTopadeza (1971 evaM 20 disambara, 1990) AcArya pUjyapAda kRta saMskRta bhASAbaddha 'iSTopadeza' kA AcAryazrI dvArA isakA bhASAntaraNa ('vasantatilakA' evaM 'jJAnodaya' chanda meM pRthak-pRthak padyabaddha) do bAra kiyA gayA hai| inameM mohagrasta jIva kI durdazA aura taporata kI svasthatA kA taraha-taraha se varNana milatA hai / eka pada dekheM : "nA jAnanA pariSahAdika ko virAgI, hotA na Asava jise vaha mokSamArgI / adhyAtma yogabala se phalata: usI kI; hotI sahI ! niyama se nita nirjarA ho" // 24 //
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________________ 502 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sat-zAstra ke manana, zrIguru ke bhASaNa, vijJAnAtmA sphuTa netroM kI sahAyatA se jo sAdhaka yahA~ sva-para ke antara ko jAna letA hai vahI mAnoM sabhI prakAra se paramAtmA rUpa ziva ko jAna letA hai| sudhI vahI hotA hai jo iSTopadeza kA jJAna prApta kare aura avadhAnapUrvaka use jIvana meM utAre / mAna-apamAna meM samAna rahe / vana ho yA bhavana - sarvatra sAdhaka ko nirAgrahI honA cAhie / use cAhie ki vaha nirupama mukti-sampadA pAle aura bhavoM kA nAza kara bhavyatA prApta kare / isa prakAra isameM aniSTakara sthitiyoM se nivRtti aura iSTakara sthitiyoM meM pravRtti kI bAta hai| gommaTeza aSTaka (1979) AcArya nemIcandra siddhAntacakravartI praNIta prAkRta bhASAbaddha 'gommaTesa-thudi' kRti kA AcAryazrI dvArA padyAnuvAda prastuta huA hai / isa kRti meM gommaTeza bAhubalI bhagavAn kA stavana huA hai : "kAma dhAma se dhana-kaMcana se sakala saMga se dUra hue, zUra hue mada-moha-mAra kara samatA se bharapUra hue| eka varSa taka eka thAna thita nirAhAra upavAsa kiye; isIlie basa gomaTeza jina mama mana meM aba vAsa kie" // 8 // kalyANamandira stotra (1971) ___ AcAryazrI kumudacandra praNIta prastuta kRti mUlata: saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai / AcAryazrI ne usakA padyAnuvAda prastuta kiyA hai / isa kRti meM una kalyANanidhi, udAra, aghanAzaka tathA vizvasAra jina-pada-nIraja ko namana kiyA gayA hai jo saMsAravAridhi se sva-para kA santaraNa karane ke lie svayam pota svarUpa haiN| jisa mada ko brahmA aura maheza bhI nahIM jIta sake, use ina jinendroM ne kSaNa bhara meM jalAkara khAka kara diyA / yahA~ aisA jala hai jo Aga ko pI jAtA hai / kyA vAr3avAgni se jala nahIM piyA gayA hai ? "svAmI ! mahAna garimAyuta Apako ve, saMsAri jIva gaha, dhAra sva-vakSa meM au / kaise sa Aza bhavasAgara pAra hote; Azcarya ! sAdhu jana kI mahimA acinty"||12|| nandIzvara bhakti (16 jUna, 1991) AcArya pUjyapAda praNIta saMskRta bhASAbaddha nandIzvara bhakti' kA padyabaddha bhAvAnuvAda AcAryazrI dvArA sampanna kiyA gayA hai isa kRti meM : "dvIpa rahA jo aSTama jisane 'nandIzvara' vara nAma dharA, nandIzvara sAgara se pUraNa, Apa ghirA abhirAma khraa| zazi-sama zItala jisake atizaya-yaza se basa ! daza dizA khilI; bhUmaNDala hI huA prabhAvita, isa RSi ko bhI dizA milI" // 11 //
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 503 isa prakAra pUrI kRti nandIzvara bhakti se ApUrita hai| samAdhisudhA-zatakam (1971) AcArya pUjyapAda praNIta saMskRta bhASAbaddha 'samAdhitantra' kA AcAryazrI dvArA padyAnuvAda prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa kRti meM una adhogAmI jIvoM kI bhartsanA kI gaI hai jinhoMne mithyAtva ke udaya se jar3a deha ko hI AtmA samajha rakhA hai / aisA mohagrasta rAgI apane svabhAva' ko kabhI nahIM samajha sakatA / ata: racayitA kahatA hai : "jo grantha tyAga, ura meM ziva kI apekSA, mokSArtha mAtra rakhatA, sabakI upekSA / hotA vivAha usakA zivanAri-saMga; to mokSa cAha yadi hai bana tU nisaMga" // 71 // "jo Atma dhyAna karatA dinaraina tyAgI, hotA vahI parama Atama viitraagii| saMgharSa meM vipina meM svayameva vRkSa; hotA yathA anala hai ayi bhavya dakSa !" // 98 // yogasAra (1971) AcArya yogIndra deva dvArA racita apabhraMza bhASAbaddha yogasAra' kA padyAnuvAda rASTrabhASA meM AcAryazrI dvArA lokahitArtha kiyA gayA hai / isa kRti meM racayitA kI pratizruti hai : "jo ghAtikarma ripu ko kSaNa meM bhagAye, arhanta hokara ananta catuSka paaye| to lAkha bAra nama zrI jina ke padoM meM; pazcAt kahU~ sarasa zrAvya sukAvya ko maiM" // 2 // "jo haiM jinendra suna ! Atama hai vahI re ! 'siddhAntasAra' yaha jAna sadA sahI re ! yoM ThIka jAnakara tU ayi bhavyayogI ! sadya: ata: kuTilatA taja moha ko bhI" // 21 // ekIbhAva (1971) AcArya vAdirAja praNIta saMskRta bhASAbaddha isa kRti kA 'mandAkrAntA chanda' meM padyabaddha bhASAntaraNa AcAryazrI dvArA kiyA gayA hai / isa kRti meM yaha kahA jA rahA hai ki jaba ArAdhaka ke hRdaya meM ArAdhya se ekIbhAva ho gayA hai, taba yaha bhava-jalana kaise ho rahI hai ? "kaise hai au ! phira aba mujhe du:kha dAvA jalAtA ?" // 6 // racayitA kA hRdaya pukAra uThatA hai :
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________________ 504 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "jo koI bhI manuja mana meM Apako dhAra dhyAtA, bhavyAtmA yoM avirala prabho! Apa meM lau lgaataa| jaldI se hai ziva sadana kA zreSTha jo mArga pAtA; zreyomArgI vaha tuma suno ! paMcakalyANa pAtA" // 24 // 'samagra : AcArya vidyAsAgara' (tIna) 'samagra : AcArya vidyAsAgara' kA khaNDa - tIna, AcAryazrI ke dugdha-dhavala hRdaya kA svata: sphUrta samucchala pravAha bhASA meM phUTa par3A hai / isameM unakA kavi mukhara hai, anyatra unakA dArzanika aura ArAdhaka santa udgrIva hai / kuntaka vicitrabhaNiti ko kAvya kahate haiM / gosvAmI tulasIdAsajI kA pakSa hai : "bhaNiti vicitra sukavi kRta joI, rAmanAma binu soha na soii|" kAvya kA kendrIya tattva 'saundarya' sukavikRta cAhe jitanI vicitra bhaNiti ho, para unakI dRSTi meM binA bhAgavat cetanA ke saMsparza ke vaha vyakta nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra santaziromaNi AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI mAnyatA hai ki unakI aura una jaise santoM kI prakRti aura ruci taba taka saundarya kA unmeSa nahIM mAnatI, jaba taka kAvyocita sArA pravAha zAntarasa paryavasAyI na ho / vyAsa kA mahAbhArata kAvya bhI bhavavirasAvasAyI aura zAntaparyavasAyI hI hai / abhiprAya yaha ki yaha bhAratIya paramparA sammata hai| 1. narmadA kA narama kaMkara (1980) chattIsa kavitAoM ke saMgraha svarUpa isa kAvya saMgrahagata kavitAoM meM nimna bhAva vyaMjita hotA hai : __ vacana sumana : isameM racayitA zakti-srota ke prati kRtajJatA vyakta karatA huA apane vacana sumana arpita karatA __ he Atman ! : yaha saMsAra vikala, azAnta aura vizrAnta kevala isalie hai ki usane apane hRdaya meM vItarAga kI pratiSThApanA kahA~ kI? mAnasa haMsa : isameM racayitA anuttara se uttara cAhatA hai ki usakA mAnasa haMsa kyoM tumhAre zrIpAda se nirgata ameya Ananda sAgara meM nakhapaMktiyoM ke misa bikharI maNiyoM ko cugane ke lie itanA vyagra hai ? apane meM... eka bAra : racayitA isameM usa pAvApurI kI dharatI kA smaraNa kara rahA hai jahA~ se jinendra mahAvIra ne dhyAna-yAna para ArUr3ha ho nija dhAma ko prayANa kiyA thA / vahA~ kI latA, phUla, pavana, bhramara va dharatI tRNa binduoM ke vyAja se apane dRga-binduoM dvArA mAnoM mahAvIra kA pAda-prakSAlana kara rahI hoN| 5. bhagavad bhakta : isameM kI gaI yaha vismayAvaha anubhUti ki vaha paudgalika labAde rUpa zarIra se mukta hokara sahaja Urdhvagamana karatA jA rahA hai, para akasmAt guru-caraNoM kA gurutvAkarSaNa pratipAta ke lie sira jhukA detA hai aura unakI caraNa-raja mastaka para jJAnanetra kI zobhA pAtA hai / isa yAtrA meM samasta bAdhaka kAla-kAma dhvasta ho rahe haiN| ekAkI yAtrI : ekAkI yAtrI Urdhvagamana to kara rahA hai para avarodha aura bAdhAoM se jUjha bhI rahA hai, apAra pAragAmI bhagavAn se dizAnirdeza aura sahArA cAhatA hai| eka aura bhUla : isameM sAdhaka svabhAva meM pratiSThita hone ke lie eka athaka prayAsa to kara rahA hai, para vaha mAyA 7.
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 505 ke usa kAluSya aura kauTilya ko lakSita nahIM kara pA rahA hai jo uttamAMga para kAle bAloM ke vyAja se chAe hue haiN| 8. manamAnA mana : isameM racayitA jAnatA hai ki mana hI bandha aura mokSa-donoM meM upayogI hai / bandha meM upayogI hone kI to usakI purAnI Adata hai para usameM prayAsapUrvaka viveka jAgrata kiyA jA sakatA hai aura anukUla banAkara sAdhA jA sakatA hai, tabhI vibhAva se svabhAva kI ora bar3hA jA sakatA hai| zeSa rahA carcana : isameM racayitA kahatA hai ki malayAcala ke nAgina vyApta candana ke sparza se maNDita gandhavaha svayaM bhagavat caraNoM kA sparza kara apane Upara ma~DarAte alidala ko bhI caraNasparza kI preraNA detA hai / caraNasparza karate hI nakhadarpaNa meM kAle Atmapratibimba ko dekhakara unheM glAni hotI hai aura unakA kAyAkalpa ho jAtA hai| ve gunagunAte hue mAnoM kahate jAte haiM-bhrAmarI vRtti apnaao| para kheda hai viSayAnurAgIjana unhIM caraNoM meM nata rahakara bhI Atmagata kAluSya kA kSAlana nahIM kara paate| prabho ! unheM sadbuddhi do tAki ve moha-mAna kA vamana kara skeN| mAnasadarpaNa meM : kavayitA apanI cintA una tathAkathita zraddhAluoM ke sambandha meM vyakta karatA hai jo putra-kalatra sahita prabhu ke caraNoM meM nata to hote haiM para apanA mAnasadarpaNa svaccha nahIM kara paate| 11. bindu meM kyA...? : niSThAvAn upAsaka kI adamya abhIpsA hai ki vaha apane vyaktitva ke bindu ko mahAsattA ke sindhu meM vilIna kara de| para bindu meM yaha bhAva jage to sahI-sthira banA to rahe / narmadA kA narama kaMkara : racayitA kI vyagratA-garbha prArthanA hai tIrthaMkaroM se ki vaha yA to isa narmadA ke kaMkara ko phor3a-phor3akara AsamAna meM uchAla de yA phira isameM antarhita zaMkara ke svarUpa ko gar3ha-gar3hakara ubhAra de / 13. pUrNa hotI pA~khur3I : akasmAt vandanIya caraNoM meM samarpita hone kI bhAvanA to apramANa parimANa meM jagI, para na to hAtha jur3e, na vandana ke svara nikale / viparIta isake viSaya dAhadagdha cira tRSita cetanA aparUpa para jAkara Tika gaI, ThIka usa taraha jaise grISmatApa tapta dharatI varSA kA jala binA zvAsa lie pItI hai| prabhu mere meM-maiM mauna : ziSya ne prabhu ke darzana kie, lagA prakAzapuMja prabhulocana praticchavi meM taira rahe haiN| tanmayatA ne gauNa-pradhAna-bhAva ko dhvasta kara diyA, tabhI yaha bhAvanA uThI ki yaha cira bujhA dIpa usa prakAzapuMja Alokamaya kA Aloka grahaNa kara Alokamaya ho jAya / para patA nahIM vaha kauna durdharSa vyavadhAna thA jo vaha saba na hone diyA / zaraNa kI yAcanA umar3a utthii| 15. samarpaNa dvAra para : digambarI dIkSA ke anantara prakAzapuMja guruvarya se kannar3abhASI ziSya pAradarzI svaccha bhASA meM 'samayasAra' ke jJAna jala se aisA ApyAyita huA ki lagA jaise vaha saba bhedoM ko pAra kara prakAzapuMja bana gayA hai| 16. jIvita samayasAra : samayasAra' ke ucca zRMga se jJAnagaMgA kA nirjarA paryavasAyI jhara-jhara pravAha upAsaka kI ora calA A rahA hai| usakI cetanA usameM niSNAta hai, para maMz2ila se haTakara jisakI dRSTi paddhati (karmakANDa) para hI Tika gaI hai-use kyA kahA jAya ? 17. zaraNacaraNa : upAsaka kI cetanA kumudinI ko sadala praphullita karane vAle upAsya ke mukhamaNDala se zaraccandra kA pUrNa candra lajjita hokara usake caraNoM para nakhamaNDala ke rUpa meM zaraNa grahaNa kara rahA hai| 18. darpaNa meM eka aura darpaNa : upAsya nimitta banakara upAsaka rUpa upAdAna meM antarhita sampUrNa sambhAvanA ko upalabdhi meM pariNata kara detA/sakatA hai| para upAdAna meM bhI pAtratA honI caahie| gulAba kA raMga sphaTika meM hI pratibimbita hotA hai, nirA pASANa meM nhiiN| 19. vaMzIdhara ko : vivaza hokara mana ne zruta kA sahArA lekara gantavya taka pahu~cane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / phalata: vaha
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________________ 506 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA zvAsa nAbhimaNDala se pratikramA ke rUpa meM hRdaya-kamala-cakra pAra karatA brahmarandhra taka use pahu~cAtA huA UrdhvagamyamAna hai aura ApakA zrutimadhura saMgIta zravaNa kara rahA hai / kyA avaMzajA mAdhavIlatA vaMzAzrita hokara bhI vaMzamukta ho lahalahAtI huI nahIM jItI ? 20. vibhAva-abhAva : he prabho ! Apane svabhAvaniSTha hokara vibhAva-prabhava krodha ko samUla ucchinna kara diyA hai| tabhI karuNA-nirbhara Apake netroM meM aruNa varNa kI lAlimA nahIM hai| 21. he nirabhimAna : aharniza svabhAva-nirata hone ke kAraNa mAna-abhimAna kA bhAva bhI Apase prayANa kara cukA hai, tabhI nAsikA campaka phUla ko jIta rahI hai| 22. AkAra meM nirAkAra : isa racanA meM gambhIra kintu amUrta adhyAtma kSetra kI rahasyAnubhUti vyakta huI hai| 23. sthitaprajJA : mokSamArga kI tInoM rekhAe~ cetanA ke bhItarI bhAga meM pratiSThita hokara sabako prabhAvita karatI huI kambuvat grIvA meM bhI ubhara AI haiM-jisakI chaTA se lajjita hokara zaMkha ne samudra meM DUba kara rahanA behatara smjhaa| 24. adharoM para : he prabho ! yaha anumAna se nahIM, apitu pratyakSa pramANa se siddha hai ki Apake vizAla pRthula agAdha udara ke andara Ananda kA aparampAra sAgara laharA rahA hai, anyathA adhara se aisI jJAnamayI taraMgeM kaise uchalatI ? 25. arpaNa : he prabho ! kyA bAta hai ki amA aura pratipadA ko sudhA kA Akara bhI AkAza meM dRSTigocara nahIM hotA? lagatA hai vaha bhI kisI Atapa se klAnta hokara Apake pAdaprAnta kI chA~va meM par3A rahatA hai| 26. lAghava bhAva : mahAn kI mahattA anubhavagocara hone para hI apanA lAghava bhAva anubhava meM utarane lagatA hai| 27. pratIkSA meM : zukti samudra ke agAdha jala se Upara Akara hara jalada khaNDa se nahIM, kevala svAti ke jala kI apekSA meM pratIkSArata rahatI hai ki muktA rUpa Dhalane vAlI bUMda usa para gire tAki usakI kokha caritArthatA kA anubhava kare / yahI manodazA jijJAsu upAsaka ke mana kI hotI hai| __ amana : manoja ke bANa se dUra rahane para hI amana kA anubhava hotA hai| 29. vahIM-vahIM kitanI bAra : svabhAva se kaTA huA mAnava telI ke baila kI taraha vahIM kA vahIM bhava-bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai / svabhAvagAmI puruSArtha hI vibhAva se mukti dilA sakatA hai| prabhu kA sahArA bhara caahie| DUbA mana rasanA meM : svaparabodhavihInA rasanA kI kSudhA kabhI yoM hI miTI hai ? para jaba yaha jJAta huA ki rasanA parAzrita rasa cakha nahIM sakatI, taba Atmarasa ke nimitta samAhita huA aura rasamagna ho gyaa| dIna nayana nA : he karuNAkara ! aisI zakti do ki viSayoM-kaSAyoM meM sallIna mAnava ke mukha se azrAvya nindya vacana sunakara vikalatA anubhava nayanoM se na ttpke| 32. rAjasI sparzA : rAjasI sparza kI tRSA kauna-kauna se kone nahIM jhaMkAe, para jaba yaha jJAta huA ki merI cetanA tattvata: sparzAtItA hai jabaki yaha to vaibhAvikI rAjasI sparzA hai / 33. zrAvya se pare : jisa prakAra azrAvya se, usI prakAra zrAvya stavana yA prazaMsA se bhI he mana ! tU prabhAvita na ho / 34. o nAsA : sparzanendriya, rasanendriya, zrotendriya kI bhA~ti ghrANendriya bhI sva-anapekSa paragandha ghrANana kI vAsanA se klAnta rahatI hai| para merI svabhAva cetanA anAsA hai| use na durgandha se kucha lenA na sugandha se / vaha ubhayAtIta AtmagandhA hai / basa, prabhu ke caraNoM kA sahArA paryApta hai| 35. saba meM vahI maiM : he amUrta zilpa ke zilpI ! aisI guNAvabhAsikA AsikA do ki vaha merI nAsikA dhruvaguNa kI upAsikA bana jaay|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 507 36. huA hai jAgaraNa : he nirAvaraNa ! isa cetanA ne anAdi bhUla se sAvaraNa kA varaNa kara liyA hai / phalata: ananta kAla se janana-jarA-maraNa sahatI AyI hai, kintu aba sukRtavaza jAgaraNa ho cukA hai / ata: Apake nAmoccAraNa kA sahArA lekara tuma-sA nirAmaya hone ko prastuta hai| 2. DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI (1981) isa saMgraha meM kula 42 racanAe~ haiM / AcAryazrI kA mantavya hai ki jaba gaharAI kA Ananda lene ke lie DubakI lagAnA cAho, to pahale tairanA sIkhanA hogA aura tairane ke abhyAsa ke lie tumbI kA sahArA anivArya hai| isa kalA meM niSNAta ho jAne para hI DubakI lagAnA sambhava hai / taba sahAre ko bhI chor3anA par3atA hai, anyathA vaha bAdhaka hI bnegii| taba hAtha-pA~va mAranA bhI bAdhaka banegA / tairane kI kalA meM niSNAta cetanA hI Azvasta aura svAyatta hogI / jJAna guNa ke sphuraNa ke lie AgamAloka-Alor3ana, guruvacana-zramaNa-cintana Avazyaka hai / yahI tairAkI kI kalA meM niSNAta hone ke lie tumbI hai| isa mukhya racanA ke atirikta anya prakAra kI bhI bhAva aura vicAra kI taraMgeM samucchalita haiN| kahIM gantavya kI ora dhairya aura AsthA ke sAtha bhora kI pratyAzA meM yAtrA hai, kahIM caraNoM meM dRSTi jhukI hai| kahIM pIyUSa bharI A~kheM haiM to kahIM manmatha kA manthana / kabhI lagatA hai ki kAphI vilamba ho gayA - para aba vilamba mata kro| sudhAvarSaNa se zAnta zuddha paramahaMsa banA do ise / 3. totA kyoM rotA (1984) isa saMkalana meM kula 55 racanAe~ haiN| isakI pramukha kavitA 'totA kyoM rotA' meM dAtA aura pAtra-AdAtA ke bIca pahalA prazasti kI apekSA rakhatA hai aura pAtra-AdAtA mAna-sammAna kii| donoM ko donoM se apekSita nahIM milatA dekhakara vRkSa kI DAla para baiThA totA pathika pAtra-AdAtA kI ora nihAratA hai / socatA hai yaha kSaNa usake lie puNyakara hai / vaha rasamaya paripakva phala cuna kara sasammAna pathika pAtra-AdAtA ko denA hI cAhatA hai ki atithi kI ora se maunabhASA kI zurUAta hotI hai / dAna apane zrama se arjita kA hotA hai, dUsare kI cIja curAkara dAna denA corI hai| aisA upakAra dAna kA nATaka hai / apane zrama se arjita AtmIya kA dAna hI dAna hai / dAna kI yaha kathA sunakara usakA mana vyathita hotA hai aura apanI akarmaNyatA para vaha rotA hai / prabhu se prArthanA kI jAtI hai ki isakA agalA jIvana zramazIla bane / pake phala ko cintA hotI hai ki kahIM abhyAgata khAlI lauTa na jAya, ata: pavana ko izArA karatA hai ki vaha sahAyaka bane / pavana kI sahAyatA se phala bandhanamukta hotA hai, mAna-sammAna aura prazasti kA sandarbha hI samApta / phala apane pitA vRkSa kI ora dekhatA hai jisakA pitta prakupita hai-A~gana meM atithi khar3A hai aura ye haiM ki niSkriya / svayaM dAna dete nahIM aura dene bhI nahIM dete / ye moha-drohagrasta haiN| pavana ke jhoMke se AtmadAna ke lie lAlAyita phala pAtra ke hAtha meM A jAtA hai| phala pavana se kahatA hai ki vaha ise idhara-udhara nahIM, pAtra ke hAtha para hI girAe / phala kA svapna sAkAra hotA hai, pavana bhI bar3abhAgI banatA hai| atithi to prasthita ho jAtA hai, para DAla ke gAla para laTakatA adhapakA dala bola par3A-"kala aura AnA jI ! isakA bhI bhaviSya ujjvala ho, karuNA isa ora bhI lAnA jI" / atithi halakI-sI musakAna se apanI gItA sunAtA calA jAtA hai aura phaladatta kI A~kha usakI pITha kI ora lagI raha jAtI hai| isa prakAra isa saMgraha kI bhinna-bhinna racanAoM meM aura-aura bhI dizAnirdezaka upadezaprada bhAvanAe~ bharI huI haiN| 4. nijAnubhava-zataka (7 sitambara, 1973) isa zataka ke Arambha meM jineza smaraNa, zrIguru jJAnasAgara vandana, jinendra vANI kA stavana kara AcAryazrI ne
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________________ 508 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA nija ke sambodhanArtha kucha likhane kI isalie pratizruti kI hai tAki zIghra zuddhopayoga kI prApti sambhava ho sake, vItarAga bhAva A ske| upayoga meM tIna pakSa hote haiM-kabhI zubha kA, kabhI azubha kA aura kabhI zuddha kA bhI / yadi zubha upayoga rahA to kramavAra svarga-mokSa sabhI mileMge aura azubha upayoga hI banA rahA to du:kha kI prApti hotI rhegii| azubhopayoga mithyAsvarUpa hai aura zubhopayoga meM samyaktva vidyamAna hai / isa prakAra zubha aura azubha pakSoM ke lAbha-hAni kA nirUpaNa karate hue parigrahI vRtti kI nindA kI hai / zuddhopayoga rUpa sahaja svabhAva kI koI sImA nahIM hai / vaha jJAnagamya, atiramya, apratima tathA vacana-agocara hai / use chor3akara kahIM sukha nhiiN| jar3a deha se AtmA ko ekAtma samajhanA AtmaghAta hai / jo moha, mAna, rAga-dveSa chor3akara tapolIna hote haiM, ve hI prApya ko pAte haiM / kevala kacalucana athavA vasana-mocana se sAdhutA nahIM aatii| jaba nija sahaja AtmA kI pratIti hotI hai tabhI rati, Iti, bhIti ni:zeSa hotI haiM / nirgrantha munigaNa sabhI parISahoM aura upasargoM ko jhelate hue nadI kinAre dhyAnamagna rahate haiN| jo mAnApamAna meM samAna rahate haiM, AtmadhyAna karate haiM, ve kabhI bhI bhavabIca meM nahIM aate| jaba yaza-kIrti, bhoga Adi sabhI nissAra haiM to subuddha loga isa para vyathA garva nahIM karate / ve to nizcinta ho nija meM vihAra karate haiN| 5. muktaka-zataka (1971 meM Alekhana prArambha) __muktaka ve racanAe~ haiM jo para se anAliMgita rahakara apane Apa meM pUrNa aura AsvAdakara hotI haiN| isa saMgraha meM aise hI muktaka saMkalita haiN| zrIguru ke dvArA die gae upadeza se AtmajAgaraNa, bhavasampRkti se kheda, tana-mana se jJAnaguNaniketana AtmA kA bheda Adi kI carcA muktakoM meM kI gaI hai / tadanantara aba unheM sarvatra ujAlA, nirAlA zivapatha, mohanizA kA apagama, bodharavi kiraNa kA prasphuTana, samatA-aruNimA kI vRddhi, unnata zikhara para ArohaNa, viSamatA kaNTaka kA apasaraNa anubhavagocara ho rahA hai| unheM laga rahA hai aba kisI kI cAha nahIM hai, du:kha Tala gayA hai, nija sukha mila gayA hai| avidyA kA tyAga, kaSAyakumbha kA vighaTana ho cukA hai / unakA vicAra hai ki muni vahI hai jo vazI hai, abhimAna zUnya hai / jise nija kA jJAna nahIM hai, vaha vyartha hI mAna karatA hai / sudhI jAnatA hai ki tattvata: vaha bAla, yuvA aura vRddha nahIM hai, vastuta: ye saba jar3a ke bavAla haiN| sudhIjana aisA samajhatA huA sahaja nija sukha kI sAdhanA karatA rahatA hai / AtmA na kabhI ghaTatA hai, na kabhI bar3hatA hai aura na kabhI miTatA hai, para kheda hai ki mUr3ha ko yaha bAta jJAta nhiiN| jhara-jhara bahatA huA jharanA logoM ko yaha sandeza detA hai ki nirantara gatizIla rahanA hai, mUla sattA se ekAtma honA hai tAki bAra-bAra calanA na pdd'e| sarojinI sacetanA kA jaba se udaya huA, jaba se pramoda kA nirantara lahalahAnA cala rahA hai| jo prakRti se sumela rakhatA hai, vaha mithyA khela khela rahA hai / vaha vibhAva se pUrNa aura svabhAva se dUra hai| aba to cirakAla se akelI puruSa ke sAtha kelirata huuN| vahA~ se amRtadhAra pIne ko nirantara milatA hai, sasmita pyAra prApta hotA hai| aba to unheM sadaiva cetanA prasanna aura anukUla rakhegI aura nirantara unakA sahavAsa banA rahegA, ciravAMchita sukhasamudra meM gotA lagatA rhegaa| 6. dohA-stuti-zataka (4 apraila, 1993) trividha pratibandhakoM ke nirAkaraNArtha, lokasaMgrahArtha Arambha maMgalAcaraNa se kara vibhinna tIrthakaroM jaise vandanIya caraNoM kA isa saMgraha meM stavana kiyA gayA hai / sarvaprathama zrI gurucaraNoM kA smaraNa isalie hai ki unhIM ne govinda banAyA hai / tadanantara tIrthaMkara zrI AdinAtha bhagavAn, zrI ajitanAtha bhagavAn, zrI zambhavanAtha bhagavAn, zrI abhinandananAtha bhagavAn, zrI sumatinAtha bhagavAn, zrI padmaprabha bhagavAn, zrI supArzvanAtha bhagavAn, zrI candraprabhu bhagavAn, zrI puSpadanta
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA : : 509 bhagavAn, zrI zItalanAtha bhagavAn, zrI zreyAMsanAtha bhagavAn, zrI vimalanAtha bhagavAn, zrI zrI vAsupUjya bhagavAn, anantanAtha bhagavAn, zrI dharmanAtha bhagavAn, zrI zAntinAtha bhagavAn, zrI kunthunAtha bhagavAn, zrI arahanAtha bhagavAn, zrI mallinAtha bhagavAn, zrI munisuvratanAtha bhagavAn, zrI naminAtha bhagavAn, zrI neminAtha bhagavAn, zrI pArzvanAtha bhagavAn evaM zrI mahAvIra bhagavAn kA sarvavidha stavana, vandana, caraNAbhinandana kiyA gayA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra yadi kSIra haiM to AcAryazrI apane ko nIra mAna rahe haiM aura unakI vinatI hai ki ve isa prArthayitA ko apane se ekAtma kara leM / 7. pUrNodaya - zataka (19 sitambara, 1994) isa saMkalana meM AcAryazrI dvArA zrAvakoM aura mumukSuoM ke lie tattva kI bAta batAI gaI hai, taraha-taraha ke upadeza die gae haiM, karaNIya - akaraNIya kA sandeza diyA gayA hai, pApa-puNya aura donoM se Upara uThane kA sandezanirUpaNa huA hai tAki sAdhakoM meM pUrNatA kA udaya ho ske| prastuta saMkalana kA bhI zubhArambha guNa-gaNa-ghana ke prati praNipAta se huA hai / vandana, namana, samarpaNabhAva kI ajasra bhAvadhArA ke pravAhaNa ke bAda AcAryazrI ne upadezAmRta kI dhArAsAra vRSTi kI hai| unhoMne batAyA hai ki svArtha aura paramArtha kA hI yaha pariNAma thA ki kaurava raurava meM gae aura pANDava zivadhAma ge| pArasamaNi ke to sparza se lohA sonA banatA hai parantu bhagavAn pArasanAtha ke darzana mAtra se moha kA vinAza aura pAramArthika kalyANa ho jAtA hai, upAsaka svabhAva meM pratiSThita ho jAtA hai / nAga sthala para hI meMDhaka ko nigalatA hai, jala meM nahIM / isI prakAra jo bhI nija-svabhAva se bAhara gayA use karma dabA detA hai| unakA upadeza hai ki yadi Atma-kalyANa cAhate ho to deha-geha kA neha chor3a do| yaha sneha (taila) hI hai jisake jalane se ujAlA hotA hai / yadi dUsaroM ke A~suoM ko dekhakara draSTA kI A~kheM na bhara jAya~ to usakA mAtra pUchanA aura poMchanA kisa kAma kA ? sAdhaka Atma-kalyANArthI ko cAhie ki vaha bar3e-bar3e pApa na kare aura bar3I-bar3I bhUla bhI na kare tAki usakI pagar3I kI lAja banI rahe / unakA upadeza hai ki sAdhu-santoM dvArA praNIta zAstroM kA svAdhyAya kiyA jAya tAki moha naSTa ho aura pratiSThA prApta ho / deza vahI maz2abUta hai jisameM dharma kI sampatti ho, bhavana vahI Tika sakatA hai jisakI nIMva maz2abUta ho| galatI dekhakara yadi hama sahI pAne ko vikala ho jAya~ to vaha galatI bhI kisI dRSTi se upAdeya hai| giranA bhI sarvathA vyartha nahIM hai yadi kisI gire ko dekhakara hama uTha jAya~ to vaha giranA bhI uThAne meM yogadAna karatA hai| hRdaya to milA, para yadi usameM dayA nahIM hai aura cirakAla taka adaya hI banA rahA, to isase bar3I cintA kI aura koI bAta nahIM / prArthanA kI gaI hai prabhu se ki vaha a - dayA kA vilaya kre| dayAvAn kI cira abhIpsA hai ki bhale laukikatA se dUra pAralaukikatA mile yA na mile, para lokahita kI kAmanA aura tadanusAra AcaraNa nirantara banA rahe / yahI zreya aura preya hai / cetanA ke zodhana kA yahI mArga hai / 1 8. sarvodaya - zataka (13 maI, 1994) pUrvokta anya saMkalanoM kI taraha isakA bhI zubhArambha zrI gurupAda vandana tathA mA~ bhAratI ke stavana-vandana ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai / AcAryazrI kI pratizruti hai : 1 " sarvodaya isa zataka kA, mAtra rahA upadeza / deza tathA paradeza bhI, bane samunnata deza / / 5 / / " 'bahujana hitAya, bahujana sukhAya' - kI jagaha ' sabajana sukhAya sabajana hitAya' kA saMkalpa kahIM adhika sAttvika aura sukhakara hai| unakI vicAraNA hai ki ve sabameM guNa hI guNa sadA khojate raheM aura apane bhItara dekhate raheM ki dAga kahA~ -
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________________ 510 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA zeSa raha gayA hai| jaba taka dAga nahIM miTatA, taba taka guNoM ke sadbhAva kI sambhAvanA hI kahA~ hogI ? jisa prakAra makkhI apane pairoM ko sApha karake ur3atI hai, sAdhaka ko bhI cAhie ki vaha hara taraha ke saMga ko tyAgakara nirbAdha DubakI lagAe / sAdhu ko cAhie ki vaha svAzrita bhAva se samRddha hokara rahe, na ki gRhI kI bhA~ti rahe / vastuta: sAdhaka jaba taka siddha nahIM banatA taba taka zuddha kA anubhava use kisa prakAra sambhava hai ? kyA dugdhapAna se kabhI ghRtapAna sambhava hai ? sAdhanA vahI anvartha hai jisameM anartha na milA ho / mokSa bhale na mile, para pApa ke gaDDhe se sadA dUra rahe / choTA kaMkar3a bhI DUba jAtA hai aura sthUla kASTha bhI nahIM DUbatA-isameM tarka vyartha hai| yaha to svabhAva-svabhAva kI bAta hai| yadi puruSa santa hai to pApa bhI rAga kA dhvaMsa usI taraha kara detA hai jisa taraha garma pAnI bhI Aga ko zAnta kara detA hai| bhArata kA sAhitya kucha aura hI hai, zeSa dezoM ke sAhitya kI bAta kyA kahU~, ho sakatA hai-unameM lAlitya? jisakI cetanA meM bhagavAn kA vAsa ho-vahA~ jar3atAdhAyaka rAga kA tyAga kyoM na ho ? cakavA ko candra mila jAya kyA taba vaha cakavI kA tyAga nahIM kara detA ? prArambhika racanAe~ 1. AcArya zrI 108 zAntisAgara jI mahArAja ke pAvana caraNAravinda meM hArdika zraddhAMjali (1971) ___ isa saMkalana meM AcAryazrI kI prArambhika racanAe~ saMkalita haiN| isameM Apane zAntisAgarajI kA mUla vAsasthAna maisUra, belagA~va, bhoja tathA usa kSetra meM pravAhita hone vAlI dUdhagaMgA tathA vedagaMgA jaisI nadiyoM ke varNana ke bAda bhoja meM sthita kRSikalAvijJa dayAvAn manujottama bhImagaur3A kA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai / ve puNyAtmA tathA vIranAtha ke dharma ke paramabhakta the| unakI taraha unakI patnI bhI sItA ke samAna sundara aura sunItimAna thiiN| unake donoM bacce bhI sUrya-candra ke samAna suzAnta prakRti ke the / jyeSTha putra thA - devagaur3A aura kaniSTha thA sAtagaur3A / zaizavakAla meM hI sAtagaur3A kI patnI ke avasAna ho jAne para puna: vivAha kA jaba prasaMga AyA taba usane mA~ se kahA - 'mA~, jaga meM sAra aura punIta hai- jaina dharma, ata: merI icchA hai ki maiM muni bnuuN| yaha prastAva sunakara mA~ khinna ho uThI, para putra kA haTha banA rahA / vaha apane saMkalpa para ar3A rahA aura zrI devendrakIrtijI se dIkSA grahaNa kara lI aura mokSamArga para ArUr3ha ho hI gyaa| unake zIla-saujanya aura tapa kA kyA kahanA ? phira eka bAra zeDavAla gurujI padhAre / aura Apake dharmopadeza kA hI yU~ prabhAva hai : "bhArI prabhAva mujha pai taba bhAratI kA, dekho par3A isalie muni hU~ abhI kaa|" janma hogA, to maraNa hogA hii| isa niyama ke anusAra AcAryavarya guruvarya ne antata: sallekhanApUrvaka maraNa hetu samAdhi le hI lI / ise dekha mahI meM sArI janatA duHkhI ho utthii| astu, AcAryavarya jahA~ bhI gae hoM, vahIM stutisaroja bhejatA huuN| isa prakAra AcAryazrI ne unake pAda-dvaya meM apanA bhAla navA diyaa| 2. AcArya zrI 108 vIrasAgarajI mahArAja ke pAvana caraNAravinda meM hArdika zraddhAMjali (1971) haidarAbAda rAjya eka sulalita rAjya hai| usI ke antargata hai - auraMgAbAda jilA / bar3A hI zAnta sthAna hai| yahIM eka jagaha hai - Ira, jisake samAna amarAvatI meM bhI vaibhava nahIM hai| vahA~ eka jinAlaya hai / usI Ira grAma meM eka vRSaniSTha seTha the zrI rAmacandra / ve nAmAnurUpa guNaikadhAma the| unakI patnI bhI manamohinI sItAsamA paramabhAgyavatI thI / inakI kokha se do zizu janme jo parama sundara aura sabake lAr3ale the| unakA nAma thA-zrI gulAbacandra tathA hIrAlAla / mA~ ne apanI icchA sAsa banane kI vyakta kI aura lAr3ale ke samakSa vivAha kA prastAva rkhaa| para beTe ne vivAha kI anicchA hI vyakta kI / mAtA isa nizcaya ko sunakara du:khI huI, para beTA apane saMkalpa para dRr3ha banA rahA / hIrAlAla yaha kahakara
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 511 guruvarya zAntisAgara ke pAsa calA gayA aura unase dIkSA grahaNa 'vIrasAgara' anvartha nAma grahaNa kiyA / muni sulabha caryA grahaNa kI, ata: logoM ke bIca bar3e paramapUjya hue / zrIguru se samyak darzana, jJAna, cAritra prApta ho gayA thaa| ve svAdhyAya lIna rahakara nirantara doSaprakSAlana karate rahate the| Apake prathama ziSya the yogI zivasAgarajI aura dUsare ziSya the siddhamUrti jayasAgarajI / vaise to zrutasAgara prabhRti bhI ziSyagaNa the| antata: Apane sallekhanAmaraNa kI bhAvanA se samAdhi lii| ve jahA~ bhI gae hoM, AcAryazrI jJAnasAgarajI kA prathama ziSya vidyAsAgara apane stuti-saroja vahA~ bheja rahA hai| 3. AcAryazrI 108 zivasAgarajI mahArAja ke pAvana caraNAravinda meM hArdika zraddhAMjali (1971) auraMgAbAda ke pAsa eka choTI sI jagaha hai-ar3apura / vahA~ nyAyamArgAdhirUr3ha dharmAtmA loga haiN| unameM zrI nemIcanda jI rA~vakA kI patnI zrImatI dagar3AbAIjI mRgAkSI thiiN| unakA baccA hIrA se bhI adhika rucivAlA hIrAlAla thaa| inakI javAnI kA saundarya dekhakara sArI kumAriyA~ kAmapIr3ita ho uThatI thiiN| mA~ ne yuvAvasthA dekha vivAha kA prastAva rakhA, para unhoMne kahA ki vivAha karanA hI cAhatI ho to merA vivAha mokSarUpI ramA se kara do / mAtA kA netra azruplAvita ho uThA / para unhoMne samajhAyA ki isa bhavavipina meM merA-terA kauna ? mujhe to dIkSA lekara zramaNa bananA hai, dharma kA svAda lenA hai / maiM zama-dama kA pAlana karU~gA aura AtmA ko pahacAnU~gA / phira to virakta ho, svabhAva meM pratiSThita ho ge| AcAryazrI apanI zraddhAMjali unheM bhI de rahe haiN| 4. AcAryazrI 108 jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja ke pAvana caraNAravinda meM hArdika zraddhAMjali (1973) "jaya ho jJAnasAgara RSirAja, tumane mujhe saphala banAyA Aja / aura ika bAra karo upakAra, mama praNAma tuma karo svIkAra" // 20 // isa khaNDa ke anta meM kucha anya bhakti gIta (1971) bhI saMkalita kara die gae haiM, jinake zIrSaka haiM-'aba maiM mama mandira meM rahU~gA, parabhAva tyAga tU bana zIghra digambara,' 'mokSalalanA ko jiyA ! kaba baregA?, bhaTakana taba taka bhava meM jArI 'bananA cAhatA yadi zivAMganA pati, 'cetana nija ko jAna jarA' tathA 'samAkita laabh'| ina sabake sAtha eka racanA hai, 'My self jisameM unhoMne batAyA hai ki unakI prakRti ni:saMgatA kI hai / maiM apanA zikSaka svayaM hU~ / ina gItoM meM bhI munisulabha bhAva aura vicAra kI taraMgeM laharA rahI haiM, inheM par3hate hI banatA hai, mana bhIMga-bhIMga uThatA hai| 'samagra : AcArya vidyAsAgara' (cAra) yaha khaNDa gadya zailI meM nibaddha hai / isa khaNDa meM kula nau upakhaNDa haiM - pravacanAmRta, guruvANI, pravacana pArijAta, pravacana paMcAmRta, pravacana pradIpa, pravacana parva, pAvana pravacana, pravacana prameya tathA prvcnikaa| pravacanAmRta (1975) isa upakhaNDa meM phirojAbAda, uttarapradeza meM pradatta kula satraha pravacana nimnalikhita zIrSakoM se saMgrahIta haiM - samIcIna dharma, nirmala dRSTi, vinayAvanati, suzIlatA, nirantara jJAnopayoga, saMvega, tyAgavRtti, sat-tapa, sAdhusamAdhi-sudhA-sAdhana, vaiyAvRtya, arhat bhakti, AcArya bhakti, zikSA-guru stuti, bhagavadbhAratI bhakti, vimala Avazyaka, dharma-prabhAvanA tathA vAtsalya / jaina zAstra ko hRdayaMgama karane meM ye pravacana nitAnta manorama aura upAdeya haiN| AcArya samantabhadra mAnate haiM ki samIcIna dharma karmoM kA nirmUlana karatA hai / aura prANimAtra ko duHkhoM se
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________________ 512 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ubArakara sukha pradAna karatA hai / parameSThiyoM ne batAyA hai ki samIcIna dRSTi, jJAna aura sadAcaraNa kI samaSTi hI dharma hai| nirmala dRSTi se unakA abhiprAya hai tattva-cintana se dRSTi meM Ane vAlI nirmalatA / darzana vizuddhi kA vAstavika abhiprAya yahI hai / tattva-manthana se vinaya guNa bhI upalabdha hotA hai jo vinayazIla ke pratyeka vyApAra se jharatA rahatA hai| yaha siddhatva-prApti kA mUla hai| 'suzIlatA' meM zIla kA artha svabhAva hai jisakI prApti ke lie niraticAra vrata kA pAlana karanA par3atA hai| jIvana ko zAnta aura sabala rakhanA hI niraticAra hai-yaha AtmAnuzAsana se hI sambhava hai| saMvega sarAga samyagdarzana ke cAra lakSaNoM meM se eka hai| isakA artha hai saMsAra se bhayabhIta honaa| AtmA ke ananta guNoM meM bhI yaha eka guNa hai| saMvega se dRSTi lakSya para ekAgra ho jAtI hai| tyAga se matalaba hai viSayoM kA tyAga / unameM anAsakti / yaha tabhI sambhava hai jaba nijI sampatti kI pahacAna ho jAya / jAgarUka hI tyAga kara sakatA hai| sat tapa : doSanivRtti ke lie samIcIna tapa parama rasAyana hai aura etadartha nivRtti ke mArga para jAnA zreyaskara hai / sAdhu-samAdhi sudhA-sAdhana : isameM sAdhu-samAdhi kA artha hai-Adarza mRtyu athavA sajjana kA maraNa / tattvata: harSa-viSAda se pare AtmasattA kI satata anubhUti sAdhu-samAdhi hai / Adarza mauta vahI hai jise mauta ke rUpa meM na dekhA jAya / yaha tabhI sambhava hai jaba hameM apanI zAzvatatA kA bhAna ho jAya / vaiyAvRtya : isakA artha hai-sevA / tattvata: dekhA jAya to para-sevA se apane mana kI vedanA miTAkara sevaka apanI hI sevA karatA hai| dUsare to mAtra nimitta haiN| arhat sevA hai pUjya kI upAsanA / vAstavika bhakti yahI hai / arhat hone kI yogyatA pratyeka upAsaka meM vidyamAna hai| ata: usakI abhivyakti ke lie use apane meM hI DUbanA hogA, samarpita honA hogaa| bAhara kA pUjya to mAtra nimitta hai / isI prakAra AcArya-stuti kA bhI marma smjheN| arihanta parameSThI ke bAda AcArya parameSThI stutya haiM, kyoMki vahI ziSya ko tattva-bodha karAkara tattvAtmA banA detA hai| vastuta: mokSamArga meM AcArya se U~cA pada sAdhu kA hai / AcAryatva to usakI eka upAdhi hai jisakA vimocana muktiprApti se pUrva honA anivArya hai| AcArya upadeza aura Adeza to detA hai para sAdhanA pUrI karane ke lie sAdhu pada ko aMgIkAra karatA hai| zikSA guru ko upAdhyAya mAnA jAtA hai / vaha stutya isalie hai ki vaha svayaM saMsAra kI prakriyA se dara rahakara sAdhaka ko bhI vaha prakriyA batAtA hai| bhagavada bhAratI bhakti meM vacana kI apekSA pravacana kI mahattA kA gAna hai| sAdhAraNa rUpa se bole gae zabda vacana haiM, para ajJAna kA jJAna aura anubhava prApta karake jo viziSTa zabda bole jAte haiM, ve pravacana haiM / vacana kA dravyazruta se aura pravacana kA bhAvazruta se sambandha hai / bhAvazruta andara kI pukAra hai| vimala Avazyaka meM batAyA gayA hai ki samala anAvazyaka karma karatA hai aura vimala yA avazI (indriya aura mana ke vaza meM na rahane vAlA) hI Avazyaka kArya sampanna karatA hai / svabhAva meM pratiSThita hone ke anurUpa kiyA jAne vAlA kArya hI Avazyaka hai na ki viSayavAsanAtarpaka / dharma prabhAvanA meM usa bhAvanA ko prakRSTa mAnA gayA hai jo Atmatattva prApti viSayaka ho / gantavya kI ora le jAne vAlA mArga hI dharma hai, ata: usakI prabhAvanA hI dharma prabhAvanA hai| vAtsalya hai samAnadharmiyoM ke prati karuNabhAva-sajAtiyoM ke prati karuNabhAva / sAdhujanoM ke pravacana meM yahI bhAva jharatA rahatA hai / pravacana hI kyoM, sabhI vyavahAra meM / manuSya meM prema kI eka aisI DorI hai jo sajAtiyoM ko bA~dha letI hai| guruvANI (1979) . isa upakhaNDa meM jayapura, rAjasthAna meM hue pravacanoM kI sArarUpa kula ATha guruvANiyA~ saMkalita haiN| aura ve isa prakAra haiM - Ananda kA srota-AtmAnuzAsana, brahmacarya-cetana kA bhoga, nijAtmaramaNa hI ahiMsA hai, AtmalInatA hI dhyAna, mUrta se amUrta, AtmAnubhUti hI samayasAra, parigraha tathA acaurya / AtmAnuzAsana : sabhI samasyAoM kA eka samAdhAna hai-anuzAsana, aura sabhI samasyAoM kA eka kAraNa hai - anuzAsanahInatA / kartRtvagata svAtantrya ko buddhigata viveka se hI AcaraNa meM utArA jA sakatA hai / sva-AtmA, tantrya
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA : : 513 =adhInatA, svAtantrya=AtmAdhInatA - AtmAnuzAsana / sat asat ke bIca viveka kA jAgarUka rahanA hI AtmAnuzAsana hai / brahmacarya kA eka to pracalita purAnA artha sarvavidita hai, para usake artha meM eka nayApana bhI hai aura vaha hai paronmukhIvRtti yA cittapravAha ko sva kI ora mor3anA / bhoga ke roga se nivRtti hI brahmacarya hai / nijAtmaramaNa hI ahiMsA hai- dUsaroM ko pIr3A na denA bhI ahiMsA hai para yaha adhUrI ahiMsA hai| vAstavika ahiMsA taba AtI hai jaba AtmA se rAga-dveSa kA pariNAma samApta ho jAya / dravya ahiMsA se bar3I hai - bhAva ahiMsA / isI se sva-para kA kalyANa sambhava 1 hai / AtmalInatA hI dhyAna hai - dhyAna eka aisI citta kI ekAgravRtti hai jo sabhI meM sambhava hai, para adhikAMza meM vaha saMsAra kI ora rahatI hai, usI para mana TikA rahatA hai| use parAvRtta karanA hai, AtmA kI ora mor3a denA hai tabhI dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna hogA aura yahI dhyAna mokSa kA hetu hai| ArtadhyAna- raudradhyAna saMsAra ke hetu haiM / mUrta se amUrta : AtmA kI do dazAe~ haiM-- svabhAvastha aura vibhAvastha yA vaibhAvika / prathama avasthA meM vaha svabhAvata: amUrta hai, para dUsarI avasthA vaha mUrta hai / yadi vaibhAvika AtmA ko vItarAga mila jAya to vaha apane amUrta svabhAva A jAyagA / mUrta dazA se amUrta dazA meM A jAyagA | AtmAnubhUti hI samayasAra : samayasAra meM samaya kA artha hai - 'samyak ayana' - gamana karane vAlA / gati kA artha jAnanA bhI hotA hai| isa prakAra samaya arthAt jo samIcIna rUpa se apane zuddha guNa- paryAyoM kI anubhUti karatA hai / usakA sAra hai - samayasAra arthAt zuddhAtmA / isa prakAra samayasAra AtmAnubhUti kA hI tattvata: dUsarA nAma hai / mAtra jAnanA samayasAra nahIM hai / parigraha : mAtra bAhya vastuoM kA grahaNa parigraha nahIM hai / vastutaH mUrcchA hI parigraha hai, una vastuoM ke prati lagAva hI parigraha hai, Asakti hI parigraha hai / Asakti hI AtmA ko bA~dhatI hai / acaurya : caurya-bhAva ke tyAga kA saMkalpa lene se 'para' ke grahaNa kA bhAva calA jAyagA / jaba dRSTi meM vItarAgatA A jAyagI, taba rAga meM bhI vItarAgatA dRSTigocara hone lgegii| jaba cetanA se caurya bhAva gayA, taba sarvatra acaurya dRSTigocara hone lagegA / isIlie kahA jAtA hai ki ghRNA cora se nahIM, caurya bhAva se karanA caahie| pravacana pArijAta (1978) isa upakhaNDa meM nainAgiri, chatarapura, madhyapradeza meM hue sAta vaktavya saMkalita haiN| ve haiM - jIva - ajIva tattva, Asrava tattva, bandha tattva, saMvara tattva, nirjarA tattva, mokSa tattva, anekAnta / jaina dhArA meM kula sAta tattva haiM : jIva- ajIva : jIva tattva ko prAthamikatA isalie prApta hai ki usameM saMvedana kSamatA hai / bhukti aura mukti donoM saMvedanagocara haiN| jIva hI pratyeka tattva kA bhoktA hai| ajIva meM saMvedanakSamatA nahIM hai / vaibhAvika sthiti se svAbhAvika sthiti meM Ane para use hI muktatA kA saMvedana hone lagatA hai| anAdikAla se karma, nokarma aura bhAvakarma rUpa ajIva kA jIva ke sAtha sambandha calA A rahA hai| isa sambandha ke Atyantika nirAsa se hI muktatA saMvedanagocara ho sakatI hai| anAdikAla se prApta kASAya se pudgala (kArmaNa vargaNArUpa ) meM karmAtmaka pariNati, karma se zarIra, zarIra se indriyAdi kI racanA aura phira unase viSayoM ke grahaNa kI paramparA calatI rahatI hai, jisase bandha hotA hai| AtmA ke svabhAva kA anyathA bhavana yA vibhAvana hone lagatA hai| mokSamArga meM ArUr3ha hone para jIva vibhAva se svabhAva meM Akara muktatA kA anubhava karatA hai / Asrava: srava kA artha hai - bahanA, Asrava kA isakA viparItArtha hai - saba ora se AnA / karmoM kA Asrava AtmA kI hI 'yoga' nAmaka vaibhAvika sthiti se hotA hai / AcAryoM ne pAriNAmika bhAvoM meM prakhyAta tIna (jIvatva, bhavyatva, abhavyatva) ke atirikta ise bhI mAnA hai| isake na mAnane se AtmA kA svAtantrya pratihata hotA hai| isa Asrava ke pA~ca dvAra haiM - mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga / ina pA~ca meM mithyAtva ke sAtha anantAnubandhI ko bhI rakha rakhA hai / azubha lezyA ko zubhratama banAne se anantAnubandhI bhI calI jAtI hai| phalata: sAre Asrava ruka jAya~ge / bandha tattva : karma pradezoM kA AtmapradezoM se eka kSetrAvagAha ho jAnA hI bandha hai / rAga-dveSa rUpa kaSAya kI ArdratA se
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________________ 514 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA paudgalika karma AtmA se cipaka jAte haiM, phira usakA UrdhvagamanAtmaka svabhAva avaruddha ho jAtA hai| karma aura AtmA ekatA hI hai / isa karmabandha kI paramparA ko samApta karane ke lie avipAka nirjarA kI sahAyatA lI jAnI cAhie / saMvara tattva : saMsAra ke nirmAtA Asrava aura bandha haiM aura mokSa ke nirmAtA saMvara aura nirjarA haiN| Asrava kA nirodha hI saMvara hai / karmoM ke Asrava rUpa pravAha ko hama apane puruSArtha ke bala para upayoga rUpa bA~dha ke dvArA bA~dha dete haiM / taba karmoM ke Ane kA dvAra ruka jAtA hai, saMvaraNa ho jAtA hai| upayoga AtmA kA ananya guNa hai / yahI Atmazakti usa pravAha kA saMvaraNa kara sakatI hai / 1 nirjarA : karmoM kA AnA to saMvRta ho gayA, para jo karma AtmA para kaSAya kI ArdratA se cipaka gae haiM, unakI nirjarA karanI hai, unheM haTAnA hai / aSTavidha karmoM kA sA~pa chAtI para car3hA baiThA hai aura hama moha kI nIMda meM kharaTi bhara rahe haiM / nirjarA kA Azaya hai ki andara ke sAre ke sAre vikAroM ko nikAla kara bAhara pheMka denA / mokSa nirjarA kA hI phala hai| mokSa tattva : saMsArI AkramaNa yAnI bAhara kI ora yAtrA kara rahA hai aura muktikAmI ko pratikramaNa yAni bhItara kI ora yAtrA karanA hai / yahI apane Apa kI upalabdhi hai / kRtadoSa-nirAkaraNa hI pratikramaNa hai / doSoM se, kaSAya kI AtmA ko mukta karanA, tapa se use sukhA denA hI mukti kA mArga hai| doSamukta hote hI UrdhvagamanAtmaka svabhAva sakriya ho jAtA hai, mukti ho jAtI hai| mukti vimocanArthaka 'muMca' dhAtu se niSpanna hai yAnI chor3anA hai pApa ko, vaha chor3A jAtA hai / mukti pAne kA upakrama yahI hai ki samyakdarzana, jJAna, cAritra ko apanA kara nirgrantha ho jAya~ / anekAnta : prathamAnuyoga meM paurANika kathA, karaNAnuyoga meM bhaugolika kathA, caraNAnuyoga meM AcAra kathA tathA dravyAnuyoga meM Agama aura adhyAtma kI bAta AtI hai / adhyAtma meM to sabakA sAmya ho jAtA hai, para Agama sabake alaga-alaga haiM / Agama ke bhI do bheda haiM- karma siddhAnta aura darzana / karma siddhAnta ko bhI sabane svIkAra kiyA hai, para darzana ke kSetra meM tattvacintaka apane - apane gantavya ke anurUpa vicAra karate haiM / aisI sthiti meM alpajJatA vaicArika saMgharSa kA kAraNa bana jAtI hai| hameM saMgharSa se bacanA hai / SaTdarzana ke antargata vastutaH jaina darzana koI alaga darzana nahIM hai / vaha ina chahoM ko sammilita karane vAlA darzana hai / saba ko ekatra karake samajhane - samajhAne vAlA darzana hai - jaina darzana / samatA meM pratiSThita hI ise ThIka samajha sakatA hai / samatA anekAnta kA hArda hai / hama dUsare kI bAta samatApUrvaka suneM aura samajheM aura usameM antarnihita 'dRSTi' ko pakar3eM / nizcaya bhI eka sApekSa dRSTi hai / viSamatA meM sthita grAhaka saMgharSazIla hogA to samatA meM sthita nirNaya lene vAlA niSpakSa hogA / pakSa hamezA ekAMgI hotA hai / syAdvAdI ke samakSa koI samasyA nahIM hotI, kyoMki vaha samajhatA hai ki jisa sApekSa dRSTi se bAta yA pakSa rakhA gayA hai vaha usa dRSTi se ThIka hai, para vahI ThIka hai, aisA nahIM / syAt vaha ThIka hai| nyAya ekAMgI hokara nahIM hotaa| nyAya to anekAnta se hI hotA hai| syAdvAdI hI sahI nirNaya lene meM sakSama hai| vicAra vaiSamya kA kAraNa hai - saMkIrNatA / dRSTi ko vyApaka banAie / vastu ananta dharmAtmaka hotI hai aura jJAna vastu tantra ko jAnane rUpa hotA hai / ina ananta dharmoM meM kucha vidheyAtmaka haiM aura analpa niSedhAtmaka / vaktA patA nahIM kisa dharma ko pakar3akara kyA kaha rahA hai, ata: grAhaka ko cAhie ki vaha samatA meM sthira rahakara vyApaka dRSTi se vaktavya ko grahaNa kare / anekAntAtmaka hotA hai jJAna, jisake nirUpaNa meM sahAyaka hai - nayavAda / bhagavAn ne apane jJAna kI prarUpaNA nayavAda se hI kI hai / anekAnta kA artha hai - aneka dharma jisameM hoM, vaha vastu anekAntAtmaka yA ananta dharmAtmaka vastu hai / anekAnta koI vAda nahIM hai / vAda hai - syAdvAda, jisakA artha hI hai- kathaMcidvAda, arthAt nayavAda / anekAnta kA sahArA lekara syAdvAda ke mAdhyama se prarUpaNA hotI hai aura aisI prarUpaNA karane vAlA vyakti atyanta dhIra hotA hai| naya anekAntaka vastu kI ora le jAne ke kAraNa 'naya' kahA jAtA hai| isa naya se samagra vastu kA grahaNa nahIM hotA, isIlie mukhya rUpa se do nayoM kI vyavasthA hai - vyavahAra naya aura nizcaya naya /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA : : 515 vyavahAra naya kA artha hai vizvakalyANa aura nizcaya naya kA artha hai - AtmakalyANa / AtmakalyANa ke lie donoM nayoM kA sahArA lenA hogA / AtmasurakSA ke lie nizcaya naya aura dUsaroM ko samajhAne ke lie vyavahAra naya kA prayoga honA cAhie / naya zabdabhaMgI hai| pravacana paMcAmRta (1979) isa upakhaNDa meM madanagaMja-kizanagar3ha, ajamera, rAjasthAna meM pradatta pA~ca pravacana saMkalita haiM - janma : Atma - kalyANa kA avasara, tapa : Atma-zodhana kA vijJAna, jJAna : Atma-upalabdhi kA sopAna, jJAna kalyANaka ( Atmadarzana kA sopAna) mokSa : saMsAra ke pAra / janma : Atma-kalyANa kA avasara : janma-kalyANaka ke samaya kSAyika samyagdRSTi saudharma indra aura karor3oM kI saMkhyA meM deva loga Ate haiM / pANDuka zilA para bAlaka tIrthaMkara ko le jAkara janma kalyANaka manAte haiM / abhiSeka, pUjana aura nRtyagAna Adi karate haiN| ratnoM kI vRSTi karate haiN| jisane Aja janma liyA, yaha janma lene vAlI AtmA bhI samyagdRSTi hai / usake pAsa mati, zruta aura avadhijJAna bhI hai / jinazAsana meM pUjyatA vItarAgatA se AtI hai, isalie janma se koI bhagavAn yA tIrthaMkara nahIM hotaa| ataH isa samAroha meM muni loga nahIM aate| janma zarIra kA hotA hai, AtmA kA nahIM / vaha eka paudgalika racanA hai| pUraNa aura galana isakA svabhAva hai| tapa : Atma-zodhana kA vijJAna : yaha vaha zubha ghar3I hai jaba muni AtmasAdhanA prArambha karake paramAtmA ke rUpa meM Dhala rahe haiM / ve bheda-vijJAna prApta kara cuke haiM / yahI bheda-vijJAna unheM kevalajJAna kraaegaa| yaha Atma-sAdhanA hI hai jo kevalajJAna taka pahu~catI hai| bhedajJAna jaba jAgrata ho jAtA hai tabhI heya kA vimocana aura upAdeya kA grahaNa hotA hai| heya kA vimocana hone para hI upAdeya kI prApti sambhava hai| abhI gantavya dUra hai, para Trena meM baiTha gae haiN| abhI do sTezanoM taka aura rukanA par3egA / abhI to yaha kevalajJAna se pUrva tapazcaraNa kI bhUmikA hai| abhI to tana, vacana aura mana tapegA, taba AtmA zuddha hogI / abhI to pravrajyA grahaNa kara parivrAja hue haiM, dIkSita hue haiN| Aja sarva parigraha kA tyAga kara bhava santaraNa ke lie isa jIva kA mokSamArga para ArohaNa huA hai| | jJAna : Atma-upalabdhi kA sopAna : yaha vaha samaya hai jaba munirAja bhagavAn banane kA puruSArtha kara rahe haiN| eka bhakta kI taraha bhagavAn bhakti meM lIna hokara AtmA kA anubhava kara rahe haiM / aba unheM saMsAra kI nahIM, pratyuta sva- samaya kI prApti kI lagana lagI huI hai| samaya kI vyAkhyA pahale kI jA cukI hai| jJAna kalyANaka (Atma-darzana kA sopAna) : pUrva kalyANaka meM munirAja heya ko chor3a cuke haiM aura jo sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se chUTane vAle haiM unako haTAne ke lie sAdhanA meM rata hue haiN| jo granthiyA~ zeSa raha gaI haiM, jo andara kI nidhi bAhara prakaTa hone meM avarodha paidA kara rahI haiM, una granthiyoM ko tapa ke dvArA haTAne meM lage haiM / Aja munirAja ko kevalajJAna kI prApti huI hai, para kevalajJAna mukti nahIM hai / saMsAravardhaka bhAvoM ko haTAne ke lie Avazyaka hai ki moha aura yoga haTe / yoga AtmA ke pradezoM kA parispandana hai aura moha arthAt vikRta upyog| yoga se parispandana aura moha se karma - vargaNAe~ Akara cipaka jAtI haiN| moha ke abhAva meM ve Akara bhI calI jAtI haiN| mokSa : saMsAra ke pAra : mukti parama puruSArtha se prApta huI hai / isake pahale parama puruSArtha sampanna nahIM huA thaa| yaha parama puruSArtha hI hai jisase avyakta zakti vyakta huI aura mokSa kI prApti ho gii| AtmA vibhAva kA tyAga karatA huA svabhAva meM pratiSThita ho gayA aura svabhAva se UrdhvagamanazIla AtmA yathAsthAna pahu~ca kara pratiSThita ho gayA /
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________________ 516 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA pravacana pradIpa (1984) isa upakhaNDa meM jo vaktavya saMkalita haiM, ve haiM -samAdhidivasa, rakSAbandhana, darzana-pradarzana, vyAmoha kI parAkASThA, Adarza sambandha, AtmAnuzAsana, antima samAdhAna, jJAna aura anubhUti, samIcIna sAdhanA, mAnavatA / samAdhidivasa : AcAryazrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja ke prati isa pravacana meM AcAryazrI ne hArdika kRtajJatA jJApita karate hue zrIguru kI mahimA kA varNana kiyA hai / unhoMne ajJAnatimirAndha ziSya ke jJAnacakSu ko jJAnAJjanazalAkA se udghATita karane vAle zrIguru kI tahedila se vandanA kI hai| zrIguru vaha kumhAra hai jo tala se sahArA bhI detA hai aura Upara se coTa dekara usakA nirmANa bhI karatA hai / aisA zrIguru kyoM na vandanIya ho jo ziSya ko govinda hI banA detA hai| rakSAbandhana : yaha eka aise parva kA dina hai jo bandhana kA hone para bhI parva mAnA jA rahA hai aura isakA kAraNa hai usakI taha meM prema kI saMsthiti / yaha bandhana rakSA kA pratIka hai, jo nAma se bandhana hokara bhI mukti meM sahAyaka hai / isa bandhana se vAtsalya jharatA hai| darzana-pradarzana : bhagavAn mahAvIra kI jayantI para die gae isa pravacana meM AcAryazrI ne batAyA hai ki unakI upAsanA se upAsaka meM mahAvIra banane kI lalaka paidA hotI hai| usakA guNagAna isI lalaka kI abhivyakti hai / unakA darzana-pradarzana nahIM hai / darzana sva kA hotA hai, pradarzana dUsaroM ke lie dikhAvA hotA hai| unhoMne svayaM dikhAvA nahIM kiyA, svarUpa kI aparokSAnubhUti kii| unakA darzana nirAkulatA kA darzana hai| vyAmoha kI parAkASThA : _ "moha mahAmada piyo anAdi, bhUla Apako bharamata vAdi / " samasta duHkha kA mUla hai-moha, maiM aura merepana kA bhAva / moha ke vazIbhUta hokara saMsArI prANI zarIra aura para-padArthoM ko bhI apanA hI samajhane lagatA hai, mamatA kI DA~Ta meM vaha apane ko kasa letA hai| zarIra Adi ke dvArA sampAdita kriyAoM ke mUla meM apane (maiM) ko hI samajhatA hai / jisa ahaMtA-mamatA ke bandhana meM vaha apane ko bA~dhatA hai, maraNoparAnta vaha saba yahIM dharA raha jAtA hai / donoM eka-dUsare ko chor3a dete haiM, para yaha moha hai jo AjIvana jIva ko daboce rahatA hai aura svabhAva se cyuta kara detA hai, AtmA para bhArIpana lAda detA hai / mokSamArga para calane ke lie halakA honA apekSita hai| etadartha jAgarUka rahakara ahaMtA-mamatA kA tyAga hI zreyo vidhAyaka hai| Adarza sambandha : yaha Atma tattva pAnI kI taraha cAroM gatiyoM meM baha rahA hai / use niyantrita karanA aura UrdhvagAmI banAnA bar3A kaThina kArya hai| upayoga ke pravAha ko kaise bA~dhA jAya ? itane sUkSma pariNamana vAle parivartanazIla upayoga ko bA~dhanA sAdhanA ke binA asambhava hai| kArya vaha kaThina hotA hai jo parAzrita hotA hai / svAzrita kArya AsAnI se sadha jAtA hai, para etadartha apanI zakti ko jAgrata karanA par3atA hai - "nAyamAtmAbalahInena lbhyH|" pratyeka sambandha kA uddezya aisI zakti kA nirmANa karanA hai jo vizva ko prakAza de aura Adarza prastuta kara sake / bhArata 'bhA' meM 'rata' hai| vaha jo bandhana yA sambandha cunatA hai, usameM eka anuzAsana hotA hai / saba kucha bhUla jAnA, para apane Apa ko nahIM bhUlanA, isI ko kahate haiM dAmpatya bandhana / aba dampatI ho gae / apanI ananta icchAoM kA damana kara liyA, unako sImita kara liyA / vAsanA paricAlita nirniyantrita vyabhicArI sambandha anAdarza sambandha hai jo utthAna nahIM, patana kI ora le jAtA hai / gRhastha ko cAhie ki vaha gRhasthAzrama ko bhI Adarza banAe, tadanantara vAnaprastha aura phira saMnyAsa dhAraNa kre| AtmAnuzAsana : kabIra ne apanA anubhava sunAyA ki cakkI ke do pAToM kI taraha saMsAra kI cakkI calatI rahatI hai,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 517 jo isameM par3A ki pisA / para unake lar3ake kamAla ne kamAla kI bAta khii| usane batAyA ki kendra ko pakar3e rahane vAle kA cakkI kucha bhI nahIM bigAr3a sakatI / kahane kA Azaya yaha ki raho saMsAra meM, para dharma jaise kendra se jur3e raho, taba tumhArA kucha bhI bigar3ane vAlA nahIM / kartRtva meM svAtantrya hai aura buddhi meM viveka, to yAtrA gantavya ko le jaaygii| AtmAnuzAsana viveka kA hI nAmAntara hai / tyAjya-grAhya, heya-upAdeya kA viveka yA bheda samajha kara calanA hI AtmAnuzAsana hai / samyagdRSTi sAdhaka kI jo bAhya tapa se nirjarA hotI hai, vaha usake AtmAnuzAsana kA hI pariNAma hai| jJAna aura anubhUti : zrutajJAna AvaraNa meM se jhA~katA huA prakAza hai / yadyapi vaha AtmA kA svabhAva nahIM hai, para AtmasvabhAva pAne kA mAdhyama avazya hai / use mAtra zrotrendriya kA nahIM, mana kA viSaya banAnA cAhie, mana lagAkara hRdayaMgama karanA cAhie / zabda bhItarI jJAna taka le jAne kA mAdhyama hai| isa jJAna kA prayojana dhyAna hai aura dhyAna kA prayojana jJAna hai, ananta sukha aura zAnti hai, AtmAnubhUti hai| samIcIna sAdhanA : prANimAtra sukha cAhatA hai para aisA sukha jo niratizaya aura avinazvara ho / yaha apane ko hI pAne kI abhIpsA hai, para etadartha sAdhanA bhI samIcIna honA caahie| sabhI bAhya sAdhana mila jAne para bhI antaraMga sAdhanA anivArya hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA thA : "yaha sukha kI paribhASA, nA rahe mana meM AzA / IdRza ho prati bhASA, paritaH pUrNa prkaashaa||" aisI hI samIcIna sAdhanA karake mahAvIra 'mahAvIra' ho ge| "vyaktitva kI sattA miTA deM, use mahAsattA meM milA deN| Ara-pAra tadAkAra, sattA mAtra nirAkAra // " mAnavatA: "dayA dharma kA mUla hai, pApa mUla abhimAna / tulasI dayA na chA~Die, jaba lauM ghaTa meM prAna // " mAnavatA paraduHkha-kAtaratA kA dUsarA nAma hai| 'sva' aura 'svIya' ke duHkha se to mAnavetara bhI duHkhI ho letA hai, para inase bhinna ke du:kha se bhI duHkhI hone kI vizeSatA manuSya meM hI hotI hai / yahI vizeSatA mAnavetara se mAnava ko pRthak aura viziSTa banAtI hai / isI vizeSatA ke kAraNa vaha dUsaroM ke duHkha ko dUra kara mAnavatA ko caritArtha karatA hai aura mAnava hone ko pramANita karatA hai| pravacana parva (1985) isa saMgraha meM jaina tIrthakSetra ahArajI, TIkamagar3ha, madhyapradeza meM hue pravacana saMkalita haiM - parva : pUrva bhUmikA, kSamA dharma, mArdava dharma, Arjava dharma, zauca dharma, satya dharma, saMyama dharma, tapa dharma, tyAga dharma, AkiJcanya dharma, brahmacarya dharma, pAribhASika zabdakoza / ___ ye pravacana paryuSaNa parva para sampanna hue haiM jo mAnavIya bhAvanAoM ke pariSkAra yA udAttIkaraNa kA parva hai| adharmAcaraNa se utpanna hone vAle tanAva se mukti dilAnA hI isakA uddezya hai / prativarSa paryuSaNa parva para dasa dharmoM kA cintana-manana calatA hai, jo AtmA kI khurAka hai / isa khaNDa meM inhIM dasa dharmoM kA nirUpaNa hai, jinake cintana se Atmahita meM pravRtti hotI hai|
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________________ 518 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA parva : pUrva bhUmikA : dazalakSaNa parva bar3A mahattvapUrNa parva hai / kAraNa, dasa dina taka vibhinna prakAra se dharma kA AcaraNa karake hameM apanI AtmA ke vikAsa kA avasara milatA hai| smaraNIya yaha hai ki viSayoM kA vimocana kie binA dharma- sevana anAsvAdita hI raha jAyagA / ___ uttama kSamA : krodhotpatti ke nimitta prakAma kAraNa hone para bhI krodha kA na honA kSamA hai| vastu ke svabhAva ko dharma kahate haiN| dasa dharma to haiM hI, ratnatraya bhI dharma hai aura jIvoM kI rakSA bhI dharma hai / sabhI tattva vastu haiM, ata: saba kA svabhAva dharma hai / kSamA hamArA svAbhAvika dharma hai / krodha to vibhAva hai / usa vibhAva-bhAva se bacane ke lie svabhAvabhAva kI ora ruci jAgrata karanA caahie| uttama mArdava : jo manasvI puruSa kula, rUpa, jAti, buddhi, tapa, zAstra aura zIla Adi ke viSaya meM thor3A sA bhI ghamaNDa nahIM karatA, usameM mArdava dharma hotA hai / kSamA kI taraha mArdava bhI hamArA svabhAva hai / isameM jo uttama vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai usake pIche yaha bhAva hai ki usa dharma ke pAlana ke pIche koI dikhAvA nahIM hai / mArdava kA virodhI kaThoratA hai / aura yaha manogata bhAva hai jo AcaraNa se TapakatA hai / ata: mana ko sAdhanA Avazyaka hai / manogata kaSAya kA nivAraNa Avazyaka hai| uttama Arjava : jo manasvI puruSa kuTila bhAva yA mAyAcArI pariNAmoM ko chor3akara zuddha hRdaya se cAritra kA pAlana karatA hai, usake niyama se tIsarA Arjava nAma kA dharma hotA hai| yogoM kI vakratA kA na honA hI Arjava hai| mana, vacana aura kAya- ina tInoM kI kriyAoM meM vakratA nahIM hone kA nAma Arjava hai / Rju kA bhAva hai - RjutA, aura RjutA hai -sIdhApana / mRdutA ke abhAva meM RjutA nahIM aatii| ___ uttama zauca : jo parama muni icchAoM ko rokakara aura vairAgya rUpa vicAroM se yukta hokara AcaraNa karatA hai, usako hI zauca dharma hotA hai| zarIra to svabhAva se hI apavitra hai| usameM yadi pavitratA AtI hai, to ratnatraya se / ratnatraya hI pavitra hai / vastuta: pavitratA zarIrAzrita nahIM hai, lekina yadi AtmA zarIra ke sAtha rahakara bhI dharma ko aMgIkAra kara letI hai to zarIra bhI pavitra mAnA jAne lagatA hai| uttama satya : jo muni dUsaroM ko kleza pahu~cAne vAle vacanoM ko chor3akara apane aura dUsare ke hita ke lie hita karane vAle vacana kahatA hai, usako cauthA satya dharma hotA hai / kyA satya hai aura kyA asatya hai - yaha jAnane kI kalA tabhI A sakatI hai jaba moha kA upazama ho aura mAdhyastha bhAva A jAya / jaba taka hameM apane meM satya ko parakhane kI kSamatA nahIM AtI taba taka satya kA darzana nahIM hotaa| yaha kSamatA dRSTi meM samyaktva ke Ane se AtI hai / jo satya ko jAna letA hai vaha svayam bhI lAbhAnvita hotA hai aura dUsaroM ko bhI usake mAdhyama se satya kA darzana hone lagatA hai| uttama saMyama : vrata evaM samitiyoM kA pAlana, mana-vacana-zarIra kI pravRtti kA tyAga, indriyajaya-yaha saba jisako hote haiM, usI ko niyama se saMyama dharma hotA hai / jaise latA kI Urdhvagati aura samRddhi ke lie kisI sahAre kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, usI prakAra darzana aura jJAna ko apanI caramasImA arthAt mokSa taka pahu~cAne vAlA saMyama hI Alambana aura bandhana hai| jaise latA ko apanI samRddhi ke lie sahArA ke sAtha khAda-pAnI kI z2arUrata hotI hai usI prakAra mumukSu ko saMyama ke sAtha zuddhabhAva rakhanA bhI anivArya hai / saMyama se hI AtmAnubhUti hotI hai| ___uttama tapa : pA~coM indriyoM ke viSayoM ko tathA cAroM kaSAyoM ko rokakara zubha dhyAna kI prApti ke lie jo apanI AtmA kA vicAra karatA hai, usako niyama se tapa dharma hotA hai / tapazcaraNa ke binA bhavanavAsI, vanavAsI yA saMnyAsI meM paripakvatA nahIM aatii| ratnatraya se yukta hokara tapa ke dvArA hI sAkSAt mukti hotI hai / tapa dvividha haiMantaraMga aura bAhya / bAhya tapa sAdhana hai aura antaraMga tapa kI prApti meM sahakArI hai / tapa bhI tabhI taka tapa hai jaba zarIra
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 519 svastha ho aura indriyA~ bhI sampanna hoM / vRddhAvasthA meM tapa nahIM hotA / ratnatraya ke sAtha bAhya aura antaraMga - donoM prakAra ke tapoM kA Alambana lekara sAdhanA karane vAlA hI mukti pA sakatA hai / uttama tyAga : jinendra bhagavAn ne kahA hai ki jo jIva sAre paradravyoM ke moha ko chor3akara saMsAra, deha aura bhogoM se udAsIna pariNAma rakhatA hai, usako tyAga dharma hotA hai| dAna aura tyAga bhinna haiM / rAga-dveSa se apane ko chur3Ane kA nAma tyAga hai / vastuoM ke prati rAga-dveSa ke abhAva ko tyAga kahA gayA hai| dAna para ke nimitta ko lekara kiyA jAtA hai kintu tyAga meM para kI koI apekSA nahIM hotI / tyAga sva nimitta banAkara kiyA jAtA hai| uttama AkiJcanya : jo muni saba prakAra ke parigrahoM se rahita hokara aura sukha-duHkha ko dene vAle karmajanita nija bhAvoM ko rokakara nirdvandvatA se arthAt nizcintatA se AcaraNa karatA hai, usako hI AkiJcanya dharma hotA hai / sabhI ke prati rAgabhAva se mukta hokara apane vItarAga svarUpa kA cintana karanA hI AkiJcanya dharma kI upalabdhi hai / uttama brahmacarya : jo puNyAtmA striyoM ke sundara aMgoM ke dikha jAne para bhI unake prati rAga rUpa kutsita pariNAma karanA chor3a detA hai, vahI durdhara brahmacarya ko dhAraNa karatA hai / upayoga ko vikAroM se bacAkara, rAga se bacAkara vItarAgatA meM lagAnA caahie| yahI brahmacarya dharma hai| vItarAga ke pAsa vaha zakti hai jisake samakSa vAsanA ghuTane Teka detI I isa khaNDa meM eka atyanta upAdeya bhAga hai - pAribhASika zabdakoza / AcAryazrI ke pravacanoM meM prayukta ina pAribhASika zabdoM ke prayoga se pravacanAnuzIlana meM Ane vAlA avarodha samApta ho jAtA hai| pAThakoM ke lie yaha eka atyanta suvidhA aura sahakAra hai| isakA lAbha mujhe bhI milatA rahA hai| yaha zabdakoza akArAdi krama se atyanta vyavasthita aura subodha rUpa se rakhA gayA hai| pAvana pravacana isa upakhaNDa meM tIna pravacana saMkalita haiM- dharma : Atma - utthAna kA vijJAna, antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra tathA parama puruSa- bhagavAn hanumAna / dharma : Atma-utthAna kA vijJAna (13 pharavarI, 1983, madhuvana - sammedazikhara, giriDIha, jhArakhaNDa ) pavitra saMskAroM ke dvArA patita se pAvana banA jA sakatA hai| jo vyakti pApoM se apanI AtmA ko chur3Akara kevala vizuddha bhAvoM ke dvArA apanI AtmA ko saMskArita karatA hai, vahI saMsAra se Upara uThakara mokSa sukha pA sakatA hai| dharma isI AtmotthAna kA vijJAna hai / jaina dharma prANimAtra ke lie patita se pAvana banane kA mArga batAtA hai / dharma mAdhyama se karmarUpI bIja ko jalA diyA jAya to saMsAravRkSa kI utpatti sambhava nahIM hai| yaha kArya ratnatraya ke mAdhyama se sambhava hai / antima tIrthaMkara-bhagavAn mahAvIra (3 apraila, 1985, khuraI, sAgara, madhyapradeza ) 1 bhagavAn mahAvIra apane nAmAnurUpa mahAvIra bhI the aura varddhamAna bhI the / ve apanI antarAtmA meM nirantara pragatizIla the, varddhamAna cAritra ke dhArI the| pIche mur3akara dekhanA yA nIce giranA unakA svabhAva nahIM thA / ve pratikSaNa varddhamAna aura unakA pratikSaNa vartamAna thA / apane vikAroM para vijaya pAne vAle, apane AtmasvarUpa ko prApta karane vAle ve sahI mAne meM mahAvIra the / parama puruSa-bhagavAn hanumAna (7 apraila, 1985, khuraI, sAgara, madhyapradeza ) hanumAnajI aMjanA aura pavanaMjaya ke putra the, isalie pavanaputra kahalAte the / unakA zarIra vajra ke samAna sudRr3ha
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________________ 520 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA aura zaktisampanna thaa| isIlie unheM kahIM-kahIM bajaraMgabalI bhI kahA jAtA hai / pracalita vAnara rUpa unakA vAstavika rUpa nahIM hai / ve to sarvaguNa sampanna aura sundara zarIra ko dhAraNa karane vAle mokSagAmI parama puruSa the / pravacana prameya (1986, kesalI, sAgara, madhyapradeza) isa upakhaNDa meM dasa pravacana haiN| prasaMga paMca kalyANaka kA hai / isa prasaMga para pahale bhI pravacana ho cuke haiM para AcAryazrI ke pAsa kahane ko bahuta kucha hai / ve jaMgama zAstra aura mUrtimAn AcAra haiN| prathama pravacana : unhoMne batAyA ki prathama dina kA yaha Ayojana jina-patha para calane ke lie hai, rAga ke samarthana ke lie nahIM, vItarAgatA ke samarthana ke lie hai / jinavANI prathamAnuyoga, karaNAnuyoga, caraNAnuyoga aura dravyAnuyoga ke bheda se cAra bhAgoM meM bA~TI gaI hai| prathamAnuyoga bodhi aura samAdhi ko dene vAlA hai / caraNAnuyoga hameM calanA-phiranA sikhAtA hai / karaNAnuyoga meM bhaugolika sthitiyoM kA varNana hai / dravyAnuyoga meM heya evaM upAdeya kyA hai, isa para gambhIra cintana hai| isameM pUrA jaina darzana vivecita hai / sabhI tattvoM kA nirvacana hai / isa sandarbha meM Agama aura paramAgama do nAma Ate haiN| Agama meM bhI do bheda haiM- darzana aura siddhAnta / darzana meM jaina tattva kA aura siddhAnta meM jIva siddhAnta tathA karma siddhAnta kA vivecana hai / isa prakAra isameM jaina darzana aura siddhAnta kA gUr3ha marma samajhAyA gayA hai| dvitIya pravacana : isameM mokSamArga para puSkala prakAza vikIrNa kiyA gayA hai / mokSamArga dhyAna ke alAvA aura kucha nhiiN| vaha bhI upabhoga kI ekAgra dazA kA nAma hai / ratnatraya to hai hii| tRtIya pravacana : isameM Ayukarma para mananIya sAmagrI hai / aSTavidha karmoM meM Ayukarma ko chor3akara zeSa sAta kI nirjarA kI jAtI hai| karma ke sambandha meM isa pravacana meM paryApta manthana kiyA gayA hai / Ayukarma kI nirjarA para zIghratA nahIM honI caahie| vaha hamArA prANa hai / caturtha pravacana : isameM janma kalyANaka para vicAra karate hue AcAryazrI ne batAyA hai ki bhagavAn kA janma nahIM huA karatA, ve to janma para vijaya karane se banate haiN| janma unakA hotA hai jo bhagavAn banane vAle hote haiN| isI apekSA se janma-kalyANaka manAyA jAtA hai| jAnanA cAhie ki janma hai kyA ? aThAraha doSoM meM eka janma aura maraNa bhI ginA jAtA hai, para jisa maraNa ke bAda janma nahIM hotA vaha maraNa pUjya ho jAtA hai / vaise janma eka mahAdoSa hai para bhagavAn kI janma jayantI isalie manAI jAtI hai ki ve tIrthaMkara hone vAle haiN| paMcama pravacana : isameM janma kalyANaka ke bAda hone vAle dIkSA kalyANaka kA sandarbha vicArArtha AtA hai / isameM hama dekhate haiM ki kisa prakAra sAMsArika samasta sukha kA tyAga kara bhavana se vana kI ora prasthAna hotA hai| isa tyAga se darzaka zraddhAluoM meM bhI tyAga kI bhAvanA janma le sakatI hai| mArga do haiM- eka saMsAramArga aura dUsarA mokssmaarg| isa dRzya se saMsAra mArga se haTakara mokSamArga kI ora jAne kI preraNA milatI hai / jo bhI mukti cAhatA ho use zrAmaNya svIkAra karanA hogA / zramaNa banane se pUrva kisa-kisa se pUchanA hai-'pravacanasAra' meM isakA uttama varNana hai| sabase pahale mA~ ke pAsa jAtA hai aura kahatA hai : "tU merI mA~ nahIM hai, merI mA~ to zuddha caitanya AtmA hai / Apa to isa jar3amaya zarIra kI mA~ ho / isI prakAra pitA, patnI Adi se bhI vyavahAra kI dRSTi se pUchatA hai aura antataH zrAmaNya svIkAra kara letA hai / rAga se vairAgya aura vairAgya se antarmukhatA / yaha yAtrA parISaha aura upasargoM se guz2aratI hai| jo isa rAste AtmavizvAsa ke sAtha calatA hai use saMvara aura nirjarA bhI hotI hai| aise zrAmaNya ko puna: puna: namana / cauthe dina ke pravacana meM AcAryazrI ne kahA ki janmakalyANaka aura dIkSAkalyANaka ke bAda AtA hai tapakalyANaka / tapolIna ko jJAnopalabdhi hotI hai / munirAja ke pAsa kisI prakAra kI granthI/parigraha nahIM rhtaa| kAraNa, zuddhopayoga hI unakI caryA hai / digambara caryA bar3I kaThina hai| yahI pravrajyA hai, yahI zrAmaNya hai, yahI jinatva hai, yahI caitya aura caityAlaya hai / matalaba yahI sarvasva hai / aSTama pravacana meM dharma-puruSArtha
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 521 ke phalasvarUpa prApta hone vAle munirAja ke kevalajJAnopalabdhi kI carcA hai / kevalI tattvata: to apane ko jAnatA hai, para vyavahArataH sva aura para donoM ko jAnatA hai| aise arhanta kI bhakti kI jAnI caahie| eka samaya thA jaba samyagdarzana ke sAtha donoM dharma huA karate the-muni dharma aura zrAvaka dharma / pahalA mukti meM sAkSAt kAraNa hotA thA aura dUsarA paramparayA / parantu Aja donoM hI dharma-paramparA se hI mukti ke lie kAraNa haiN| kAraNa, Aja sAkSAt kevalajJAna nahIM hotA / isalie AcAryazrI kA kahanA hai ki isa tathya ko sahI-sahI samajhakara apane mArga ko Age taka prazasta karane kA dhyAna rakhanA hai| navama pravacana meM AcAryazrI kA kahanA hai ki dravyakarma, bhAvakarma aura nokarma-ina tInoM karmoM se atIta hokara ke sacce arthoM meM usa AtmA kA janma to aba huA hai / siddha parameSThI kI sahI janma jayantI aba huI hai| nirvANa kalyANaka meM kucha aura hI Ananda hai / kala taka samavasaraNa kI racanA thii| taba ve arhanta parameSThI mAne jAte the| usa samaya taka kevalajJAna thA, para mukti nahIM thii| sattA milane kA AzvAsana aura bAta hai tathA sattA kA hastAntaraNa aura bAta hai / parameSThiyoM ke bhI kaI sopAna haiM- sAdhu parameSThI, upAdhyAya parameSThI, AcArya parameSThI, arahanta parameSThI, siddha parameSThI / arahanta rUpa tIrthaMkara bhI siddha parameSThI ko namana karate haiN| siddha sabake ArAdhya haiM - zeSa sabhI ArAdhaka haiM / arahanta parameSThI bhI bhagavAn nahIM haiM-unheM upacArata: bhagavAn kahA jAtA hai / sAdhu kI sAdhanA chaThe guNasthAna se caudahaveM guNasthAna taka hotI hai| siddha parameSThI caudahaveM guNasthAna ko bhI pAra kara jAte haiN| inheM zAzvata siddhi prApta ho jAtI hai / phira bhI arahanta ko pahale isalie praNAma karate haiM ki ve hameM dikhate haiM aura upadeza dete haiN| dasaveM pravacana meM gajaratha mahotsava kI bAta kI gaI hai aura prasaMgata: dAna aura dhyAna ke vibhinna rUpoM kI bhI bAta kI gaI hai| dAna meM dhanadAna, zAstradAna, bhUdAna Adi ke bIca zAstradAna tattvata: upakaraNadAna hai / jahA~ taka dhyAna kA sambandha hai-eka hai apAyavicaya dharmadhyAna / AjJAvicaya dharmadhyAna se isakI mahattA isalie adhika hai ki isameM sabake kalyANa kI bhAvanA hai / isa prakAra kI bahuta-sI bAteM karate hue antata: unhoMne jaina-ajaina sabase kahA hai ki ve loga dharma kI bhAvanA dina dUnI-rAta caugunI karate rheN| pravacanikA (1993, sAgara, madhyapradeza) ___ isa upakhaNDa meM kula chaha pravacana haiM- prArambha, zreSTha saMskAra, janma-maraNa se pare, samatva kI sAdhanA, dharmadezanA tathA niSThA se pratiSThA / prArambha : isa pravacana meM AcAryazrI ne kahA hai ki abhI dhvajArohaNa huA hai, aba paMcakalyANaka hoNge| atIta meM yaha ghaTanA kisa prakAra ghaTita huI hogI, isa para vicAra kI pratizruti bhI dI gaI hai aura isa vivaraNa ke mUla meM jAne kA uddezya yaha hai ki hama bhI moha kA tyAga kreN| para yaha saba sAdhana haiM aura sAdhya hama svayaM haiN| bharata cakravartI ko kAma-puruSArtha tathA artha-puruSArtha ne AkaSTa nahIM kiyA, parantu jaba sevaka se yaha sunA ki AdinAtha bhagavAn ko kevalajJAna prApta ho gayA hai to isa sUcanA para prasanna hokara tatkAla saparivAra bhagavAn AdinAtha ke samavasaraNa meM sammilita hone cale ge| hameM bhI isa ghaTanA se preraNA lenI cAhie aura saMsAra ke tamAma pralobhanoM se haTakara mokSa-puruSArtha kI ora pravRtta honA cAhie / ina yA aise AyojanoM se hamArI dRSTi meM parivartana honA caahie| dRSTi ke Upara hI hamAre bhAva nirbhara haiN| jaise-jaise dRSTi antarmukha hotI jAtI hai, bhAva bhI apane Apa zAnta hote jAte haiM / antata: unakA yahI anurodha rahA ki cakravartI kI bhA~ti bhAvanA hamAre, Apa sabake bhItara Ae / zreSTha saMskAra : isameM batAyA gayA hai ki upAdAna meM uttama sambhAvanA hai, para nimitta yA naisargika saMskAra se hI uttama sambhAvanA upalabdhi banatI hai| jala kI bU~da meM motI banane kI sambhAvanA hai, para eka to vaha svAti nakSatra kI ho, dUsare vaha samudra kI khule mu~ha vAlI sIpI meM hI par3e aura phira vaha mukha banda kara sAgara meM nIce calI jAya, tabhI motI rUpa meM
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________________ 522 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA pariNata hotI hai / isa taraha hara garbha meM tIrthaMkara motI banakara nahIM aate| usake lie Avazyaka hai ki mAtA-pitA kI nirmala bhAvanA ho / ve uttama saMskAra DAleM / aise putraratna kA zarIra zAnti ke paramANuoM se nirmita hotA hai| pratyeka kriyA saMskAra ke sAtha calatI hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM saMskAra kA bar3A mahattva hai / saMskAra se hI antarhita divyatva kA unmeSa hotA hai / patA nahIM kauna se garbhastha zizu meM, kisa taraha kI UrdhvamukhI sambhAvanA antarhita ho, ata: use anyathA karane kA hameM koI adhikAra nahIM hai| janma-maraNa se pare : isa pravacana meM kahA gayA hai ki santoM ke vacana ko gA~Tha meM bA~dha lenA caahie| ve bar3e kAma ke hote haiN| mokSamArga meM bhI unake vacana kAma meM Ate haiN| AcAryoM ne kahA hai ki mokSamArga meM cAra bAtoM kA dhyAna rakhanA cAhie- eka, janmata: yathAjAta nirvastra rUpa rakhanA; dUsare, AcArya ke vacanoM kA pAlana; tIsare, vinaya, namratA aura abhimAna kA abhAva tathA cauthe, zAstrAnuzIlana / putra-mRtyu ke kAraNa vikSipta vRddhA ke dRSTAnta se santa ne pratipAdita kiyA ki janma-maraNa avicchedya haiM / use koI TAla nahIM sakatA / vyavahAra meM bhI kahA jAtA hai ki sUryodaya hotA hai aura sUryAsta hotA hai / sUrya janma letA hai, yaha koI nahIM kahatA / pudgaloM ke bikhara jAne ko loga AtmA kA maraNa kaha dete haiN| kevalajJAna ke abhAva meM saMsArI janma-maraNa kI galata dhAraNA lekara bhaTakatA rahatA hai| yahI ajJAna hai / AtmA janma-maraNa se pare hai / yahI samajha isa janmakalyANaka kI upalabdhi hai| samatva kI sAdhanA : isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki isa dIkSAkalyANaka samAroha kA aisA prabhAva par3a rahA hai ki mukuTa utara rahA hai, siMhAsana tyAgA jA rahA hai - kaisA vinaya aura vairAgya kA AcaraNa hai| zramaNa kI zobhA rAga se nahIM, virAga se hai| daigambarI dIkSA hI niSkalaMka patha hai / bhagavAn vRSabhanAtha svayam bhI anuzAsita the, samatA sampanna the aura apanI prajA ko bhI unhoMne anuzAsita rakhA thaa| bharata cakravartI bhI unakI AjJA kA pAlana karate hue mukta hue| dharmadezanA : isameM AcAryazrI ne kahA ki kumAra neminAtha kisI anya saMkalpa se rathArUr3ha hokara jA rahe the, para baddha pazuoM kA karuNakrandana nimitta bana gyaa| ve ratha chor3akara utara pdd'e| aba saMkalpa meM parivartana A gayA aura rAstA badala gayA / aba saMsAra kA bandhana nahIM, jIvana kA lakSya bandhanamukta honA ho gayA, para hama haiM ki saba dekhate-sunate haiM kintu patha nahIM badalate / dayA ne hI patha parivartana karAyA / yadi dayA hai to jIvana dharmamaya hai / dayA dharma - ahiMsA dharma eka vRkSa kI taraha hai| zeSa satya, acaurya Adi cAra usI kI zAkhAe~ haiM / parigraha tattvata: mUrchA kA nAma hai / bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne hameM yahI upadeza diyA hai ki pratyeka AtmA AtmakalyANa ke lie svatantra hai / hameM dayAvAn hokara paraspara upakAra kI bhAvanA se antas ko raMjita karanA caahie| niSThA se pratiSThA : isameM AcAryazrI ne sAgara, madhyapradeza meM sAnanda sampanna paMca kalyANaka evaM traya gajaratha mahotsava ke avasara para kahA ki aise kArya sabhI ke sahayoga se sampanna hote haiN| dharma ke prati AsthA jaba dhIredhIre niSThA kI ora bar3hatI hai, pragAr3ha hotI hai, tabhI pratiSThA ho pAtI hai aura jaba pratiSThA kI ora dRSTipAta nahIM karate hue Age bar3hate haiM to saMsthA bana jAtI hai / tabhI sArI vyavasthA ThIka ho pAtI hai| phira to prakRti bhI sahayoga dene lagatI hai| sAmUhika puNya ke mAdhyama se Aja bhI dharma ke aise mahAn Ayojana sAnanda sampanna ho rahe haiN| aise avasara para mahAn AtmAoM kA smaraNa karanA cAhie aura unheM apanA Adarza mAnakara apane jIvana kA kalyANa karanA caahie| bhakti-pATha 'samagra : AcArya vidyAsAgara' ke cAra khaNDoM meM prakAzita racanAoM ke atirikta AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI ne sAdhu-sAdhviyoM, zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM para kRpA kara utthAna zamanAnta paThanIya, mananIya evaM preraNAspada hone se smaraNIya, phalata: nitAnta upAdeya nau bhaktiyoM kA anuvAda hindI bhASA meM kara diyA hai| isase saMskRta bhASA se anabhijJa upAsaka jana bhI arthAvabodhapUrvaka apanI cetanA ko susnAta aura sikta kara skeNge| upAsaka inhIM ke pAThArambha se apanI dinacaryA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 523 Arambha karate haiM aura isI se sampanna bhii| isase inakI mahattA spaSTa hai / ye nau bhaktiyA~ haiM- siddhabhakti, cAritrabhakti, yogibhakti, AcAryabhakti, nirvANabhakti, nandIzvarabhakti, caityabhakti, zAntibhakti tathA paJcamahAgurubhakti / zrutabhakti abhI pratIkSA sUcI meM hai / samAdhibhakti jijJAsA kA viSaya banI huI hai| ___ pahalI bhakti hai-'siddhabhakti' / paMca parameSThiyoM (parame tiSThati iti parameSThI) meM cAra kakSAoM ke adhikArI manuSya haiM aura eka kakSA ke adhikArI haiM mukta aatmaaeN| ye hI mukta AtmAe~ 'siddha' kahI jAtI haiN| AThoM prakAra ke karmoM ke kSaya se jaba zarIra bhI nahIM rahatA to use (videha, mukta) siddha kahate haiM / ye Urdhvaloka meM lokAgra meM puruSAkAra chAyArUpa meM sthita rahate haiN| inakA puna: saMsAra meM Agamana nahIM hotaa| ye sacce parama deva haiN| saMsArI bhavyajIva vItarAga bhAva kI sAdhanA se isa avasthA ko prApta kara sakate haiN| ve jJAna zarIrI haiN| siddhabhakti meM inhIM ke gaNa-gaNa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM pUrva meM kI gaI unakI sAdhanA aura usase upalabdha U~cAiyoM kA vivaraNa hai| dUsarI hai-cAritrabhakti / isameM ratnatraya meM parigaNita cAritra rUpa ratna kI mahimA gAI gaI hai aura usakI sugandha AcAra meM prasphuTita ho, yaha kAmanA vyakta kI gaI hai / darzana, jJAna aura cAritra kI sammilita kAraNatA hai - mokSa ke prati / jaina zAstroM meM isake antargata atyanta sUkSma aura vargIkRta vivecana milatA hai / AcAryazrI ne bhI tamAma pAribhASika zabdoM kA sAMketika prayoga kiyA hai / udAharaNa ke lie kAyotsarga, guptiyA~, mahAvrata, IryA Adi samitiyA~, terahavidha cAritra, karma-nirjarA aadi| tIsarI bhakti hai-yogibhakti / sanAtanI vidyA kI abhivyakti kI do dhArAe~ haiM-zabda aura prAtibha / abhivyakti kI dUsarI dhArA zramaNamArga kI dhArA hai| tapa evaM kheda ke arthavAlI divAdigaNa meM paThita zramu' dhAtu meM 'lyuT' pratyaya hone para zramaNa' zabda niSpanna hotA hai| isakA artha hai - tapana yA tapa karanA / para dhArA vizeSa meM yaha yogarUr3ha' hai-yoM yaugika to hai hI / tapa hI isa dhArA kI pahacAna hai / yaha tattva na to usa mAtrA meM brAhmaNa dhArA meM hai aura na hI bauddha dhArA meM / yogibhakti meM AcAryazrI ne prabala tapovidhi kA vivaraNa diyA hai| kahA gayA hai : "bAhyAbhyantara dvAdazavidha tapa tapate haiM mada-mardaka haiN|" cauthI bhakti hai-AcAryabhakti / paMca parameSThI meM tRtIya sthAna AcArya kA hai / adhyAtmamArga ke pathika ko AcArya kI aMgulI, unakA hastAvalamba anivArya hai aura yaha unakI bhakti se hI sambhava hai / kahA gayA hai : "upAsyA guravo nityamapramattaiH zivArthibhiH / tatpakSatArkSya-pakSAntazcarAvighnoragottarAH // " sAgAra-dharmAmRta, 2/45 AcArya rUpa zrI sadguru svayaM darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa aura vIrya- ina pA~ca prakAra ke AcAroM kA pAlana karatA hai aura anya sAdhuoM se bhI usakA pAlana karAtA hai, dIkSA detA hai, vratabhaMga yA sadoSa hone para prAyazcita karAtA hai| Asrava ke lie kAraNIbhUta sabhI sambhAvanAoM se apane ko bacAtA hai| isameM AcArya ke chattIsa guNa batAe gae haiN| pA~cavI bhakti hai - nirvANabhakti / AcAryazrI kA saMkalpa hai : "nirvANoM kI bhakti kA karake kAyotsarga / Alocana usakA karU~ le prabhu tava saMsarga // " 'mahAvIra' padavI se vibhUSita tIrthaMkara vardhamAna kA nirvANAnta paMcakalyANaka atyanta zobhana zabdoM se varNita hai| ina tIrthaMkara ke sAtha katipaya anya pUrvavartI tIrthaMkaroM kI nirvANabhUmiyA~ unake cihnoM ke sAtha varNita haiN|
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________________ 524 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA chaThI bhakti hai - nandIzvarabhakti / yaha 16 jUna, 1991 ko siddhakSetra muktAgirijI, baitUla, madhyapradeza meM anUdita huI thI jabaki zeSa bhaktiyA~ gujarAta prAntavartI zrI vighnahara pArzvanAtha digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mahuA, sUrata, gujarAta meM 22 sitambara, 1996 ko anUdita huI thiiN| nandIzvara-yaha aSTama dvIpa hai, jo nandIzvara sAgara se ghirA huA hai / yaha sthAna itanA ramaNIya aura prabhAvI hai ki usakA varNana par3hakara svayaM AcAryazrI to prabhAvita hue hI haiM aura bhI kitane muniyoM tathA sAdhakoM ko bhI yahA~ se dizA milI hai| aise hI parama punIta sthAnoM meM sammedAcala, pAvApura kA bhI ullekhanIya sthAna hai / aise aneka jina bhavana haiM jo mokSasAdhya ke hetubhUta haiM / caturvidha deva taka saparivAra yahA~ ina jinAlayoM meM Ate haiN| AcAryazrI ina aura aise anya jinAlayoM ke prati sazraddha natazira haiN| sAtavIM bhakti hai-caitybhkti| AcAryazrI ne batAyA hai ki jinavara ke caitya praNamya haiN| ye kisI dvArA nirmita nahIM haiM apitu svayam bane haiN| inakI saMkhyA anagina hai / auroM ke sAtha AcAryazrI kI bhI kAmanA hai ki ve bhI una saba caityoM kA bharatakhaNDa meM rahakara bhI arcana-vandana-pUjana karate raheM, tAki vIra-maraNa ho, jinapada kI prApti ho aura sAmane sanmatilAbha ho| AThavIM bhakti hai-shaantibhkti| isa bhakti meM duHkha-dagdha dharatI para jahA~ kaSAya kA bhAnu nirantara Aga ugala rahA ho, kise zAnti abhISTa na hogI ? tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha zItala-chAyAyukta vaha vaTa vRkSa haiM jahA~ avizrAnta saMsArI ko vizrAnti milatI hai| isIlie AcAryazrI kahate haiM solahaveM tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha ko dRSTigata kara : "zAntinAtha ho vizvazAnti ho bhA~ti-bhA~ti kI bhrAnti haro / praNAma ye svIkAra karo lo kisI bhA~ti mujha kAnti bharo // " isa saMkalana kI antima bhakti hai- paMca mhaagurubhkti| isameM antata: paMca parameSThiyoM ke prati unake guNagaNoM aura apratima vaibhava kA smaraNa karate hue AcAryazrI kAmanA karate haiM : "kaSTa dUra ho, karmacUra ho, bodhilAbha ho, sadgati ho / vIramaraNa ho, jinapada mujhako mile sAmane sanmati o||" ina vividhavidha bhaktiyoM ke atirikta Apake dvArA AcArya akalaMkadeva kRta 'svarUpa-sambodhana' (1996) grantha kA bhI sarasa anuvAda kiyA gayA hai, jo adyAvadhi aprakAzita hai / isameM jinadarzana sammata sarvavidha cintana kA sAra A gayA hai-vizeSakara Atmacintana kaa| hAikU (1996) : AcAryazrI ne kucha kSaNikAe~ bhI likhI haiM jo jApAnI 'hAikU' kI chAyA lie hue haiN| yaha vidhA laghukAya hokara gaharI vyaMjanA karatI hai / isakI mahattA isakI vyaMjanakSamatA ke atireka meM hai / yathA : "ghanI nizA meM/mAthA bhayabhIta ho/AsthA AsthA hai|" AsthA, AsthA hai, vaha DiganA nahIM jAnatI / abhI taka AcAryazrI ke dvArA DhAI sau se adhika hAikU likhe jA cuke haiN| isa prakAra AcAryazrI kI nirjhariNI lokahitArtha nirantara sakriya hai / munirAja zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke prati namanAMjali /
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________________ pariziSTa : dvitIya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja : vyaktitva, sRjana evaM zodha-sandarbha (ka) vyaktitva paricAyaka kRtiyA~ 4. 1. jaina sandeza (sAptAhika, 20 pharavarI, 1975), sampAdaka-paM. kailAzacandra siddhAntazAstrI, vArANasI, uttarapradeza kA pradhAna sampAdakIya Alekha- eka nae nakSatra kA udaya', prakAzaka-bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina saMgha, saMgha bhavana, caurAsI, mathurA-281 004, uttarapradeza, phona-(0565)2420711 / samAcAra patraka (mAsika, AcArya vidyAsAgara vizeSAMka, 30-9-1978), sampAdaka- pyArelAla jaina, zravaNa kumAra jaina Adi, saujanya sampAdaka -kalyANamala jhA~jharI, zrI digambara jaina yuvaka samiti-kolakAtA, pI-4, kalAkAra sTrITa, kolakAtA-700 007, pazcima baMgAla, pRSTha-30+60+40 / tIrthaMkara (mAsika, navambara-disambara, 1978-AcArya vidyAsAgara vizeSAMka), sampAdaka-DaoN. nemIcanda jaina, 65-patrakAra kaoNlonI, kanAr3iyA mArga, indaura-452 018, madhyapradeza, mo.- 93006-01846 / vidyAsAgara (mAsika- 'pUjya AcArya vidyAsAgara dIkSA vizeSAMka', jUna-80, evaM 'vidyAsAgara kRtitva vizeSAMka', jUna-julAI, 1992)- pradhAnasampAdaka-nirmala Az2Ada, dvArA-AzISa jaina, vhI. ena. iNTara- prAijeja, 485-hanumAnatAla, jabalapura-482 002, madhyapradeza, phona-(0761)2650948, 5013948, mo. 94251-52318 mukti patha kA rAhI (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke jIvana vRttAnta para AdhArita nATaka), lekhikA-DaoN. vimalA jaina caudharI, vijaya hArDaveyara, lArDagaMja, jabalapura, madhyapradeza, prakAzaka-jaina pustaka sadana,161/ 1, mahAtmA gA~dhI mArga, kolakAtA-700 007, pazcima baMgAla, prathama AvRtti-1981, pRsstth-8+36| sAgara meM vidyAsAgara (sAgara meM prathama SaTkhaNDAgama vAcanA zivira 1980 ke prasaMga para) sampAdaka-DaoN. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, prakAzaka-prabandhakAriNI kameTI, gaNeza digambara jaina saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, morAjI, sAgara, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1981, pRSTha-12+146 / 7. vidyAsAgarASTakam, (IsarI, jhArakhaNDa-3 apraila, 1983), racayitA-DaoN. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, pUrva nidezaka-zrI varNI digambara jaina gurukula, pisanahArI mar3hiyA, jabalapura-482 003, madhyapradeza, phona - (0761)2370991 / vidyAMjali - muni zrI guptisAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka -zrI digambara jaina kSetra kuNDalapura, damoha, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1988, pRSTha-40 / zrI 108 jJAnasAgarAcAryasya samAdhisAdhaka: zrI 108 AcArya: vidyAsAgara:, racayitA-paM. jaganmohana lAla zAstrI, kaTanI, madhyapradeza, 'kundakunda vANI', mAsika-maI-1990, sampAdaka - 683, bhAladArapurA, jabalapura-482 002, mdhyprdesh| 10. vidyA-stuti (vidyAsAgara cAlIsA, AcAryazrI dvArA dIkSita ziSyoM ke nAma se AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI kA guNAnuvAda), racayitA-muni zrI uttamasAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka-sakala digambara jaina samAja, barelA, prAptisthAna-munIza jaina, adhyakSa-sanmati yuvA maNDala, bAjAra mohallA, barelA, jabalapura, madhyapradeza, prathamaAvRtti-1990, pRSTha-24 /
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________________ 526 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 11. divyadhvani (tribhASika mAsika -- AcArya vidyAsAgara vizeSAMka, julAI-agasta, 1991), prakAzakazrImad rAjacandra AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kendra, zrI satzruta sevA sAdhanA kendra, kobA - 382 009, gA~dhInagara, gujarAta, phona - (079) 23276219, 24831484, pRSTha- 120 / vidyA- zataka (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kA kAvyamaya jIvana paricaya), racayitA - pro. zIlacanda jaina, chindavAr3A, prakAzaka-zrI digambara jaina golApUrva samAja, chindavAr3A, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti - 1992, pRSTha- 4+141 guru garimA zataka (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara zataka), racayitA - muni zrI samatAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzakarAjendrakumAra jaina, mesarsa-dazarathalAla rAjendrakumAra jaina, satanA, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1992, pRSTha-32 / vinaya-paMcakam (AcArya vidyAsAgara stavana, 3 janavarI, 1993) racayitA - DaoN. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya / vidyA-vandanA (AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI evaM AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI para likhita aneka pUjana, AratI, bhajanarUpa bhaktiprasUna saMkalana), prakAzaka- vidyA sAhitya prakAzana samiti, vidizA, madhyapradeza, prAptisthAnaDaoN. vIrendra jaina, 10- subhASa patha, vidizA, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti - 1993, pRSTha-8+176, mUlya- 20 rupe| 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. zabda sumana mAlA ( AcArya vidyAsAgara zataka), racayitA zrIdhara zarmA, lakhanAdauna, sivanI, madhyapradeza, prakAzaka-pro. sureza canda jaina, vANijya vibhAga, zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, devarI, sAgara, madhyapradeza, prathamaAvRtti - 1993, pRSTha- 48 / vidyASTaka (guru vandanA) - ( 'catuSTaya aSTaka maMjarI' ke antargata saMgrahIta ), muni zrI svabhAvasAgarajI mahArAja,), prakAzaka-trilokacandra mahendrakumAra gadiyA, nayA bAjAra, ajamera, rAjasthAna, prathamAvRtti1993, pRSTha- 8 / amUrta zilpI : AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara ( vyaktitva aura vicAra ) - muni zrI kSamAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka- gunA, madhyapradeza ke jaina yuvAoM kI vinamra prastuti, prathama saMskaraNa - 1994, pRSTha-16 / vidyASTakam (svopajJa saMskRta va hindI TIkA evaM citra bandha, zabdakoza Adi sahita ), racayitA - muni zrI niyamasAgarajI mahArAja, sampAdaka - DaoN. prabhAkara nArAyaNa kavaThekara, pUrva kulapati - vikrama vizvavidyAlaya, ujjaina, prakAzaka-pradIpa jaina, pradIpa kaTapIsa, azokanagara, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti - 1994, pRSTha37+200, mUlya-100 rupa e / kundakunda vANI (mAsika, AcArya vidyAsAgara dIkSA smRti divasa vizeSAMka, jUna - julAI, 1994) - sampAdaka-kamalakumAra jaina bAkalIvAla, zrI kundakunda prakAzana, jaina bAr3A, daulatagaMja, gvAliyara, madhyapradeza, phona - (0751) 2325026 / jyotirmaya nirgrantha (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke vyaktitva para upanyAsAtmaka prastuti), lekhaka evaM prakAzakamizrIlAla jaina eDavhokeTa, vidyAnidhi prakAzana, purAnA posTa oNphisa mArga, batAzA galI, gunA-473 001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07542) 255906, prathama AvRtti - 1994, pRSTha- 111, mUlya - 30 rupae / yugapuruSa AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara (vyaktitva evaM kartRtva paricaya), lekhaka - pro. zIlacanda jaina, hindI vibhAga, Deniyalasana kaoNleja, chindavAr3A, prakAzaka - zrImatI kusuma jaina, jhaNDA cabUtarA ke sAmane, mu. po. -ghuvArA471 313, TIkamagar3ha, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti - 1994, pRSTha- 12 / zramaNa paramparA ke Adarza santa: jainAcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja (hindI evaM gujarAtI), lekhaka
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 527 24. 25 saya 27. DaoN. bArelAla jaina, hindI saMskaraNa-prakAzaka-vimalakumAra jaina ajamerA, rUpa TreDarsa, 702-zAstrI nagara, dAdAbAr3I, koTA, rAjasthAna, prathamAvRtti-1995, pRSTha-12, gujarAtI anuvAda- prakAzaka-vIra vidyA saMgha, gujarAta, bI-2, sambhavanAtha apArTamenTsa, bakhAriyA kaoNlonI, usmAnapurA, ahamadAbAda-380 013, gujarAta, phona-(079)27550180, 1996 / vidyAsAgara gItagaMgA (AcArya vidyAsAgara ke vyaktitva para AdhArita gIta evaM kavitAe~), lekhaka-kavi sundara jaina, prakAzaka-zrI digambara jaina atizaya siddhakSetra kuNDalapura prabandhakAriNI samiti, kuNDalapura, damoha, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1995, pRsstth-32|| vidyA bhakti rasa (100 bhakti-gIta, bhajanoM kA sRjana-saMkalana), saMkalaka-bra. kiraNa jaina nirmohI, panAgara, jabalapura, madhyapradeza, sahayoga- bra. sunItA jaina, azokanagara, madhyapradeza, brAhmI vidyA Azrama, sAgara evaM jabalapura, madhyapradeza, prakAzaka-zrI sUrata sattara jilA digambara jaina mitra maNDala, sUrata, gujarAta, prAptisthAnadilIpa bhAI gA~dhI, 200-AhurA nagara, bhulakA bhuvana skUla ke sAmane, aDAjana roDa, sUrata, gujarAta, pRSTha80, 1996 / vidyAdhara se vidyAsAgara (jIvana vatta). lekhaka-sareza sarala, prakAzaka-AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, seThajI kI nasiyA, byAvara-305 901, ajamera, rAjasthAna evaM zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera-303 902, jayapura, rAjasthAna, phona-(0141)2730390,2730552, 5177300, prathama saMskaraNa- 1996, pRSTha-102+170, mUlya-50 rupe| Jain Acharya Shri Vidyasagarji Maharaj (An Ideal Saints in Sraman (Ascetic) Tradition] Author - Dr. Barelal Jain, Hindi Dept.- Awadhesh Pratap Singh University, Rewa, M.P., Translator - Niranjan Jetalpuriya, 22-Chanchalbagh Society, Ranna park, Ghatlodiya, Ahmedabad, Gujrat, Publisher-K. S. Garments, 25-Khajuri Bazar, Indore-452 002, MadhyaPradesh, First Edition-1997,Page-16. vidyAsAgara kI lahareM (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke vyaktitva evaM kartRtva para vistRta paricayAtmaka vizleSaNa), prakAzaka-zrI digambara jaina yuvaka saMgha, vidyAsAgara nagara, satyama gaisa ke sAmane, vijaya nagara, indaura-452 010, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1997, pRSTha-196, mUlya-25 rupe| vidyA vaibhava zataka, vidyA stuti zataka, vidyA maMjarI- ailaka zrI nirbhayasAgarajI mahArAja / prAptisthAna - mahAvIra mitra maNDala, zrI zAntinAtha digambara jaina mandira, 78-dhanalakSmI sosAyaTI, oDhava, ahamadAbAda, gujarAta, phona-(079)22872281, prathamAvRtti-1998 / 'kIrti stambha' evaM 'kAvyamaMjarI' (donoM kAvya saMgrahoM meM aneka kavitAe~ AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke prati samarpita)- ailaka zrI nizcayasAgarajI mahArAja, prathamAvRtti - 1999 / 'terI jIta-parAjaya merI', (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ke 51 veM janma divasa ke prasaMga para 51 kAvyAtmaka bhAvanAnubhUtiyA~), racayitA-AcArya zrI puSpadantasAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka-prajJazrI saMgha, bhiNDa, madhyapradeza, prAptisthAna-pramoda kumAra jaina, pradhAna sampAdaka-puSpavArtA, sAbUjI kA bAr3A, dAla bAjAra, gvAliyara-474 001, madhyapradeza, phona-(0751)2336763, 2232368, dvitIya saMskaraNa-2000, pRsstth-88| santoM ke santa - [guru guNagAna, vidyA upamA chattIsI, gurugaurava gItA (AcArya vidyAsAgara paccIsI), vidyAsindhu bhajana saMgraha, guru ke guNa apAra, vidyA vandanA zataka, guru ke 108 nAma Adi saMkalana], racayitA 28. 29. 32.
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________________ 528 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 33. 35. __muni zrI uttamasAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka-zrImatI pramilA santoSa baisAkhiyA, lAr3apurA, itavArI, nAgapura 440 00, mahArASTra, phona-(0712) 2768623 (ni.), 2746139 (kA.), prathama AvRtti-2001, pRsstth-14+192| AtmazilpI AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara : jIvana-darzana (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kA apratima vyaktitva, sAhitya, pravacanAMza, ArAdhanA evaM AtmazilpI ke jIvanta zilpa--dIkSita sAdhuoM kA jIvana paricaya), lekhaka-mizrIlAla jaina eDavhokeTa, gunA, madhyapradeza, phona-(07542)255906, sampAdana evaM prakAzanabra. amRtazrI, ahiMsA ArmI mAnava kalyANa jIvadayA ceriTebala TrasTa, 5-e, jalataraMga sosAyaTI, zAhapura pula ke pAsa, ahamadAbAda-380 004, gujarAta, prathama saMskaraNa-2001, pRSTha-19+540, mUlya-100 rupae / akSayanidhi kA anveSaka (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke jIvana para AdhArita citrakathA), lekhaka-DaoN. mUlacanda jaina, sampAdaka-sanamata kumAra jaina, prakAzaka-zAnti jJAnodaya zodha saMsthAna, bar3A bAjAra, pannA, madhyapradeza, phona - (07732) 252655, 2001, pRsstth-32|| nirmala raco umaMga (choTe bAbA AcArya vidyAsAgarajI se kuNDalapura ke bar3e bAbA taka anahadanAda-12 kAvyoM kA saMkalana), racayitA-nirmala jaina iTauriyA, prAptisthAna-bhAgacanda girIzakumAra iTauriyA, sTezana roDa, damoha-470 661, madhyapradeza, phona-(07812)222420, prathama AvRtti-2001, pRSTha-32 / yAdeM vidyAdhara kI ('vidyAdhara se vidyAsAgara' pustaka ke AdhAra para citrAtmaka prastuti), citrakAra-suzrI AzA jaina, chindavAr3A, prakAzaka-rAjeza jaina devar3iyA, laoNrela zasa, 23-ziva vilAsa pailesa, rAjavAr3A, indaura-452 004, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-2001, pRSTha-68, mUlya-15 rupe| vidyA guru vandanASTaka ('neka jIvana' pustaka ke caturtha sopAna stuti' ke antargata saMgrahIta), muni zrI ArjavasAgarajI mahArAja, prAptisthAna-- ajita jaina, ema. AI. jI., 8/4, gItAMjali kAmpaleksa, bhopAla, madhyapradeza, phona-(0755)2772945, prathama saMskaraNa-2004, pRSTha-50, mUlya-16 rupe| 38. AtmAnveSI (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke jIvana vRtta kI sacitra prastuti evaM saMsmaraNa), lekhaka-muni zrI kSamAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka-vidyA prakAzana mandira, 1681-dariyAgaMja, naI dillI-110 002, prAptisthAna- rAja pramoda zAha, 2600-nAgoriyoM kA cauka, ghIvAloM kA rAstA, jauharI bAjAra, jayapura302003, rAjasthAna,phona-(0141)2566098, 5069549, gyArahavA~ saMskaraNa-2004, mUlya-40 rupe| yugAvatAra AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja (kAvyamaya jIvana paricaya), racayitA-paM. prabhudayAla motIlAlajI paTairiyA 'dayAla', prakAzaka-paM. saMjIva kumAra paTairiyA, maharaunI, lalitapura, uttarapradeza, prathama AvRtti-2004, pR.-32, mUlya-20 rupe| athaka pathika (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI para kendrita 30 kavitAoM kA saMgraha), racayitA-DaoN. anila siMghaI 'nIra', prAptisthAna-DaoN. anila siMghaI, 72-gA~dhI cauka vArDa, paThA jaina mandira ke pAsa, sAgara-470 002, madhyapradeza,mo. 98260-71055 prathama AvRtti-2004, pRSTha-48, mUlya-20 rupe| mahAmuni gAthA (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke jIvana vRtta para AdhArita kAvya grantha), racanAkAra-DaoN. anila siMghaI 'nIra', prAptisthAna-DaoN. anila siMghaI, kesaravAnI paoNlI klInika, bhagavAna gaMja, sAgara-470 002, madhyapradeza,phona - (07582)247101, prathama AvRtti-2004, pRSTha-12+252, mUlya-101 rupe| mahAzramaNa (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke vyaktitva evaM jIvanadarzana para kendrita 106 jJAnodaya chanda tathA 16 dohe)-- munizrI ajitasAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka -- prakAza zodha saMsthAna, prakAza hAusa,4-dariyAgaMja, 37.
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 529 naI dillI-110 002, prathamAvRtti-2005 I., pRSTha- 58+53 citr| paramapUjya AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI evaM AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke vyaktitva evaM kartRtva viSayaka zodha sandarzikA, saMkalana-DaoN. zItalacanda jaina, prAcArya-zrI digambara jaina AcArya saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, sAMgAnera, jayapura, rAjasthAna, prakAzaka-maitrI samUha, prAptisthAna -- 1/205, prophesarsa kaoNlonI,hariparvata, AgarA, uttarapradeza, phona- (0562) 2151127, mo. 098370-25087, prathamAvRtti- 2005, pRSTha- 54, mUlya-20 rupye| saMsmaraNa (AcArya vidyAsAgara mahArAja ke 53 preraka prasaMgoM kA saMkalana evaM kucha anya racanAe~), saMkalana evaM sampAdana - muni zrI kunthusAgarajI mahArAja, prApti sthAna - zrI digambara jaina mandira TrasTa kameTI, lakSmInArAyaNa vArDa, karelI, narasiMhapura, madhyapradeza, pRSTha-72, prathamAvRtti-2006 / In Quest of the self (The life story of Aacharya Shri Vidyasagar) By-- Muni Kshamasagar, Translated by-- Kamalkant Jaswal (Retired Secretary, Department of Information Technology, Govt. of India), Publishedby--BhartiyaJnanpith, 18-Institutional Area, Lodi Road, New Delhi110003, First Edition-2006,Page-154, Price - Rs.100/-. AlhA- AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke tyAga para, racayitA-phUlacanda siMghaI, prakAzaka-siMghaI phUlacanda ratanacanda jaina sarApha, rAjendra phlora eNDa oNyala milsa, mu.po. bar3agA~va, kaTanI, madhyapradeza, pRSTha-14 / vidyAsAgara paMcaviMzatikA, racayitA-navaratana pATanI kAlUvAlA, pATanI sadana, hAthI bhATA, ajamera, raajsthaan| 48. 'AtmAnveSI' (muni zrI kSamAsAgarajI dvArA AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ke jIvana - vRtta para AdhArita 'AtmAnveSI' kRti kA marAThI anuvAda), anuvAdaka - zrI vhI.e. manorakara jaina, jJAna-vidyA', plATa naM. 59, naI gajAnana kaoNlonI, gArakher3A, auraMgAbAda-431 005,mahArASTra, phona - (0240) 2442795, mo. 99604 - 38115, samparka sUtra - digambara jaina sevA samiti, dvArA-gomaTeza ilekTraoNniksa, sarAphA roDa, khAdI bhaNDAra ke sAmane, auraMgAbAda-431 001, mahArASTra, aprkaashit| . (ka) arcana ke sumana, (kha) praNAma, (ga) vidyA paMcaka- racayitA-ailaka zrI udArasAgarajI mhaaraaj| 50. vidyAsAgara AlhA - haragovinda vizva, sAgara, madhyapradeza / 51. vidyAsAgara AlhA - zailendra jar3iyA, sAgara, madhyapradeza / 52. vidyASTakam (saMskRta)- racayitA-DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAgendu', 28-saroja sadana, sarasvatI kaoNlonI, damoha-470 661, madhyapradeza, phona-(07812)231135, mo. 94254-55338, prakAzaka- zrI bhAgacandra iToriyA sArvajanika nyAsa, sTezana roDa, damoha, mdhyprdesh| 53. guru bhakti (guru vandanA-AcArya bhakti, AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja evaM AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja kI pUjana, AratI), prakAzaka-zrI digambara jaina yuvaka saMgha, satyama gaisa ke sAmane, e. bI. roDa, indaura-452 010, madhyapradeza, pRSTha-40, mUlya-5 rupe| vidyA thudi (muni zrI niyamasAgarajI mahArAja dvArA kevala ATha akSaroM ke AdhAra para ATha zlokoM sahita citrAlaMkAra yukta vidyASTakam' saMskRta stavana evaM ailaka zrI samyaktvasAgarajI mahArAja dvArA usake padyAnuvAda kA laghu prakAzana), prakAzaka-jaina samAja, gunA, madhyapradeza, pRsstth-32|| 55. jJAnadUta vidyAdhara ('vidyAdhara' se 'AcArya vidyAsAgara' banane kI 38 citramaya prastuti), sampAdikA 54.
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________________ 530 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA bra. piMkI dIdI, citrasajjA - navIna zarmA, prakAzaka- virendrakumAra evaM sunandA ajamerA, mo. 098291-90231, pRSTha - 76 / 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. (kha) sandarbha grantha cAritracakravartI AcArya zrI zAntisAgara smRti grantha, sampAdaka - bAlacanda devacanda zahA, mantrI - zrI cAritracakravartI 108 AcArya zrI zAntisAgara jinavANI jIrNoddhAraka saMsthA, phalaTaNa, mahArASTra, prathamAvRtti1973, pRSTha- 176+360 / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara cAturmAsa smArikA, sampAdaka - dharmacanda modI, prakAzaka- adhyakSa digambara jaina munisaMgha vyavasthA samiti, byAvara - 305901, ajamera, rAjasthAna, prathamAvRtti - 1973, pRSTha- 102 / paMcakalyANaka-gajaratha mahotsava smArikAe~, jabalapura - 1993, nandIzvara jinAlaya nirmANa kameTI, pisanahArI mar3hiyA, jabalapura - 482003, madhyapradeza evaM khajurAho - 1981, zahapurA bhiTaunI - jabalapura - 1985, goTegA~va - 1989, sAgara - 1993 bhI / mukta patha ke bIja (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke sAnnidhya meM samAdhimaraNa karane vAle sAdhakoM kA paricaya), prakAzaka-kalyANamala jhA~jharI, pI-4, kalAkAra sTrITa, kolakAtA - 700 007, pazcima baMgAla, prathama AvRtti - 1983, pRSTha- 20 / digambara jaina sAdhu paricaya, sampAdaka - brahmacArI dharmacandra zAstrI, prakAzaka- AcArya dharmazruta granthamAlA, godhA sadana, alasIsara hAusa, saMsAracandra roDa, jayapura, rAjasthAna, prathamAvRtti - 20 akTUbara, 1985, pRSTha 38+612, mUlya 31 rupae / bAlArjuna (aitihAsika upanyAsa), lekhaka - DaoN. gaNeza khare, prakAzaka-zabda bhAratI, 84- purAnA bairahanA, ilAhAbAda, uttarapradeza, prathama saMskaraNa - 1987, pRSTha- 212, mUlya - 35 rupae / hindI sAhitya kA vastuparaka AlocanAtmaka itihAsa ( do khaNDa), lekhaka - DaoN. rAmaprasAda mizra, 14sahayoga apArTameNTsa, po. bA. naM. 9117, mayUra vihAra- I, dillI- 110091, phona - (011) 22751970, prakAzaka- lakSmI nArAyaNa zarmA, sat sAhitya bhaNDAra, 57 - bI, pAkeTa-e, azoka vihAra, pheja-2, dillI110 052, prathama saMskaraNa - 1988, mUlya - 1100 rupae prati khaNDa / saMskRta zataka paramparA aura AcArya vidyAsAgara ke zataka ( DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara, madhyapradeza se 1984 meM pIeca. DI. hetu svIkRta zodha prabandha), lekhikA - DaoN. AzAlatA malaiyA, sAgara, prakAzakajayazrI oNyala milsa, gavalI pArA, durga, chattIsagar3ha, phona (0788) 2211704 (ni.), 2210104, 2210304 (kA.), mo. 94252-43412, prathama AvRtti - 1989, pRSTha - 30 + 472, mUlya - 120 rupae / hindI sevI netA - dArzanika - yogI, lekhaka - DaoN. rAmaprasAda mizra, prakAzaka- bhAratIya grantha niketana, 2713kU~cA celAna, dariyAgaMja, naI dillI- 110002, prathama AvRtti - 1992, pRSTha - 158, mUlya- 50 rupae / parachAiyA~ mauna sAdhaka kI... ( AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke rajata muni dIkSA varSa - 'saMyama varSa' ke prasaMga para AcAryazrI ke sambandha meM vidvat abhimata evaM 25 citroM kI prastuti), prakAzaka- subhASa ka. jaina, vidyAsAgara vicAra maMca, di thrI bradarsa ( sAkSI proDakTsa), javAhara roDa, amarAvatI - 444 601, mahArASTra, phona(0721) 2578740, prathamAvRtti - 1992, pRSTha 24 / 'dezabandhu', dainika jabalapura, 4 julAI 1992, 'svadeza', dainika gvAliyara, 22 navambara 1996, 'navabhArata' M
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 531 dainika nAgapura-24 jUna 1993, 'sandeza' gujarAtI dainika-sUrata-29 julAI 1996, 'lokamata samAcAra', dainika nAgapura-26 jUna 1993, dezabandhu'-rAyapura-14 janavarI 1984, navIna duniyA -dainika jabalapuranavambara 1988 ko prakAzita viziSTa pariziSTa / mahAmanISI AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara : jIvana evaM sAhityika avadAna (DI.liT. ke lie likhita zodha prabandha), lekhaka-DaoN. vimalakumAra jaina, dillI, prakAzaka-nirmala kumAra jaina evaM rAjendra kumAra jaina, jJAnodaya saMsthAna, 8/1127, jaina bAga, vIra nagara, sahAranapura-247 001, uttarapradeza, phona - (0132) 2742186, 2746815, 2658848, 2724423, prathama AvRtti-1996, pRSTha-20+676, mUlya-100 rupe| saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM bIsavIM zatAbdI ke jaina manISiyoM kA yogadAna (DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara, ma.pra. se pIeca. DI. hetu 1992 meM svIkRta zodha prabandha), lekhaka-DaoN. narendra siMha rAjapUta, prakAzaka-AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, byAvara, ajamera, rAjasthAna evaM bhagavAn RSabhadeva granthamAlA, zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera-303 902, jayapura, rAjasthAna, phona(0141)2731952, prathama saMskaraNa-1996, pRSTha-16+304, mUlya-50 rupe| AcArya vidyAsAgara : vyaktitva evaM kAvya kalA (mohanalAla sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura, rAjasthAna se 1996 meM pIeca. DI. hetu svIkRta zodha prabandha), lekhikA- DaoN. (zrImatI) mAyA jaina, sampAdaka-DaoN. ramezacandra jaina, prakAzaka-AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, byAvara, ajamera, rAjasthAna tathA zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera-303 902, jayapura, rAjasthAna, phona - (0141)2730390, prathama saMskaraNa-1997, pRSTha-52+332, mUlya-50 rupe| parachAiyA~-patha pradarzaka kI (AcArya vidyAsAgara jI ke prati viziSTajanoM kI bhAvAbhivyakti evaM AcAryazrI ke citroM kI prastuti), saMkalaka-ailaka zrI samyaktvasAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka-digambara jaina yuvaka saMgha, indaura, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1997 / mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI sAhityArAdhanA evaM zodha sandarzikA (mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgara vAGmaya zodha yojanA), lekhaka - muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka - AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, sarasvatI bhavana, seThajI ke nasiyA~, byAvara - 305 901, ajamera, rAjasthAna, tRtIyAvRtti - 1997, pRSTha - 4+50, mUlya - 15 rupe| hindI sAhitya kI santa kAvya-paramparA ke pariprekSya meM AcArya vidyAsAgara ke kRtitva kA anuzIlana (avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA se 1993 meM pIeca. DI. hetu svIkRta zodha prabandha), lekhaka-DaoN. bArelAla jaina, prakAzaka-kalyANamala jhA~jharI, zrI nirgrantha sAhitya prakAzana samiti, pI-4, kalAkAra sTrITa, kolakAtA- 700 007, pazcima baMgAla, phona-(033)22748879, 22746049, prathama AvRtti-1998, pRSTha-22+254, mUlya-45 rupe| sadalagA ke santa (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI divya jIvana-yAtrA kA 767 padyoM meM 1997 taka kA kAvyamaya varNana), racayitA-kavi lAlacandra jaina rAkeza', prakAzaka-zrI digambara jaina munisaMgha cAturmAsa sevA samiti, bhagavAn mahAvIra vihAra, gaMjabAsaudA-464 221, vidizA, madhyapradeza, prathama saMskaraNa- 1998, pRSTha32+204+pAribhASika zabdAvalI - 34, mUlya-50 rupe| vidyAsAgara kI cetana kRti (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI dvArA dIkSita ziSyoM kA sacitra paricaya), prakAzaka - siMghaI jayakumAra jaina, siMghaI prinTarsa, sadara bAjAra, maNDalA, madhyapradeza, prAptisthAna-zrI padmAvatI oNphaseTa 17.
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________________ 532 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 22. 23. evaM paikejiMga iNDasTrIja, aNDarabrija roDa, madanamahala thAne ke pAsa, jabalapura-482 002, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1998, pRSTha-212, mUlya-311 rupe| bhakti prasUna (kavitA saMgraha), racayitA-aruNa kumAra jaina, variSTha iMjIniyara-relve, sI-12/epha, candrazekharapura relve kaoNlonI, bhuvanezvara-751 023, ur3IsA, prakAzaka-divAkIrti zikSA evaM kalyANa samiti, lalitapura284 403, uttarapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1998 , mUlya-21 rupae / paramapUjya santaziromaNi AcArya zrI 108 vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja sasaMgha paricaya evaM AhAradAna vidhi, saMkalana-rameza ToMgyA Adi, prakAzaka-sugana grAphiksa, siTI plAjA, mahAtmA gA~dhI mArga, indaura452001, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1999, pRSTha-64, mUlya-15 rupe| mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgara granthAvalI parizIlana (muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja ke sasaMgha sAnnidhya meM sIkara, rAjasthAna meM 1998 meM sampanna akhila bhAratIya vidvat saMgoSThI - SaSTha, 27 se 30 sitambara, 1998 taka Ayojita saMgoSThI meM paThita AlekhoM meM se 69 AlekhoM kA saMkalana), sampAdaka-DaoN. ramezacandra jaina evaM sAthIgaNa, prakAzaka-AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, byAvara, ajamera, rAjasthAna evaM bhagavAn RSabhadeva granthamAlA, zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera-303 902, jayapura, rAjasthAna, phona(0141) 2730390, prathama AvRtti-1999, pRSTha-694, mUlya-150 rupe| prANimAtra ke lie kAvyapatra (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke vyaktitva, kartRtva evaM unake 'mAMsa niryAta nirodha abhiyAna' ko kendrita kara kAvyamaya patra Alekhana), lekhaka - DaoN. zarada kumAra mizra, sahAyaka prAdhyApakahindI vibhAga, paM. zambhUnAtha zukla zAsakIya snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, zahaDola - 484 001, madhyapradeza, prakAzaka- jJAnodaya vidyApITha, vidyAsAgara insTITayUTa oNpha mainejameNTa, ballabhanagara, bI. eca. I. ela., bhopAla - 462 021, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1999, pRSTha-68, mUlya-15 rupe| vIra nikalaMka (mAsika, smArikA-indaura cAturmAsa-1999 kI ) sampAdaka-rameza jaina kAsalIvAla, 24/ 5, pArasI mohallA, indaura-452 001, madhyapradeza, phona-(0731)2309695, 2000, pRSTha-225, mUlya-100 rupe| jaina darzana aura muni vidyAsAgara (DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara, madhyapradeza se pIeca.DI. hetu 1993 meM svIkRta evaM nAma parivartana kara prakAzita zodha prabandha), lekhikA-DaoN. (zrImatI) kiraNa jaina, prakAzaka-Aditya pablizarsa, jogezvarI mAtA kAmpleksa, pAThaka vArDa,bInA-470 113, sAgara, madhyapradeza, phona-(07580)220644 (ni.), 221372 (kA.) , prathamAvRtti-2001, pRSTha-14+378, mUlya- 450 rupe| sallekhanA : samatva kI sAdhanA (paM. darabArI lAla jaina koThiyA ke sallekhanApUrvaka samAdhimaraNa ke prasaMga para AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke dvArA pradatta udbodhanoM kA saMkalana evaM anya sAmagrI), saMkalana-muni zrI ajitasAgarajI mahArAja, sampAdaka-sureza jaina (AI. e. esa.), prakAzaka-svargIyA zrImatI lakSmIbAI pAramArthika phaNDa, bInA iTAvA- 470 113, sAgara, madhyapradeza, prAptisthAna-vibhava kumAra jaina koThiyA, bInA iTAvA-470 113, sAgara, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-2002, pRSTha-104 / jinabhASita (mAsika, julAI-2002 evaM julAI-2003), sampAdaka-prophesara DaoN. ratanacandra jaina, e-2, 'mAnasarovara', zAhapurA, bhopAla-462 039, madhyapradeza, phon-(0755)2424666| navabhArata (dainika, 17-11-2002 evaM 22-11-2002), sampAdaka-3, indirA presa kAmpleksa, rAmagopAla 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 533 29. 32. mAhezvarI mArga, ema. pI. nagara, bhopAla, madhyapradeza / inDiyA TuDe (sAptAhika, hindI-27 navambara, 2002, aMgrejI-25-11-2002), sampAdaka-liviMga mIDiyA iNDiyA limiTeDa, epha-14/15, kanaoNTa plesa, naI dillI-110 001, phona-(011)23315801 se 804 mAnatuMga puSpa (sAptAhika, 25 se 31 akTUbara, 2004), sampAdaka-subhASacandra gaMgavAla, 174-ema. TI. klAtha mArkeTa, dUsarA mAlA, indaura-452 002, madhyapradeza, phona-(0731)2459130 (du.), 2469735 (ni.)| jaina mitra (sAptAhika-14 akTUbara, 2004), sampAdaka-zaileSa DAhyAbhAI kApaDiyA, jaina vijaya priMTiMga presa, khapATiyA cakalA, gA~dhI cauka, sUrata-395 003, gujarAta, phona-(0261)2427621, mo. 9374724727 / navabhArata (dainika, 28 akTUbara, 2004), sampAdaka-purAne basa sTeNDa ke pAsa, nepiyara TAUna, jabalapura482 002, madhyapradeza, phona-(0761)5005111 / zrI jinendra varNI smaraNAMjali, sampAdaka-DaoN. sAgaramala jaina evaM anya, prakAzaka-bra. arahanta kumAra jaina, zrI jinendra varNI granthamAlA, 58/4, jaina sTrITa, pAnIpata-132103, hariyANA, phona-(0180) 2638655, mo. 94162-21237, dvitIya saMskaraNa-2004, pRSTha-12+190, mUlya-80 rupe| amRta vANI (santoM kI vANiyoM kA saMkalana) - saMkalana evaM sampAdana-parAgapuSpa, prakAzaka-DAyanemika pablikezansa (i.) li., dvArA-Ara. ke. rastogI, kRSNa prakAzana mIDiyA (prA.) li., 11-zivAjI roDa, meraTha- 250 001, uttarapradeza, mUlya-50 rupe| vandanA ke svaroM meM, racayitA-ailaka zrI samyaktvasAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka-zrIpAla jaina 'divA', zAkAhAra sadana, ela-75, kesara kuMja, harSavardhana nagara, bhopAla, madhyapradeza / 33. 35. (ga) AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI dvArA sRjita pramukha racanAe~ muni vidyAsAgarajI ne muni-dIkSA grahaNa karane se pahale hI brahmacArI vidyAdhara kI avasthA meM AcArya zrI mANikyanandI kRta sUtragrantha 'parIkSAmukha' para AcArya zrI anantavIrya laghu dvArA saMskRta bhASA meM racita nyAyaviSayaka TIkAgrantha 'prameyaratnamAlA' kI paM. hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI dvArA sampAdita-anuvAdita 'cintAmaNi' nAmaka hindI vyAkhyA/kArikAoM ko 24 apraila 1968 se likhanA prArambha kara diyA thA / nasIrAbAda, ajamera, rAjasthAna se prArambha huA yaha lekhana kArya kramaza: mora, maNDA, dAdiyA Adi grAmoM meM 2 sitambara 1968 ko dvitIya samuddezya ke gyArahaveM sUtra taka upalabdha huaa| AptaparIkSA kA kannar3a anuvAda - AcArya zrI vidyAnanda svAmI kRta nyAyaviSayaka grantha 'Apta-parIkSA' kA unhIM kI svopajJa saMskRta vRtti sahita kA kannar3a anuvAda munirAja zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne ajamera se kizanagar3harainavAla, jayapura, rAjasthAna kI ora vihAra kAla ke daurAna grAma phulerA meM 28 apraila 1970 se pUrva hI prArambha kiyA / yaha adyAvadhi aprakAzita hai| paMcAstikAya (saMskRta), AcArya zrI kundakunda deva viracita 'paMcAstikAya' granthagata 181 prAkRta gAthAoM kA madanagaMja-kizanagar3ha, ajamera, rAjasthAna meM 1971 meM saMskRta bhASA meM anuvAda 'vasantatilakA' chanda meN| apUrNa upalabdha evaM aprakAzita /
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________________ 534 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA jambU svAmI caritra-AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja ke samAdhimaraNoparAnta hindI meM antima anubaddha kevalI zrI jambUsvAmI kA jIvana caritra Alekhana prArambha / kintu Adhe likhe jAne ke uparAnta prati guma jAne se apUrNa evaM apraapy| aMgrejI racanAe~ - ajamera, rAjasthAna meM likhita aMgrejI kavitAe~--My Self (mudrita), My Saint, My Ego-(anupalabdha) paMcAstikAya (hindI padyAnuvAda) - prAkRta paMcAstikAya' grantha kA hindI vasantatilakA' chanda meM padyAnuvAda kuNDalapura, damoha, madhyapradeza se madanagaMja-kizanagar3ha, ajamera, rAjasthAna ke lie 28-04-1978 ko vihAra kAla ke daurAna anuvAda prArambha / adyAvadhi anupalabdha evaM aprkaashit| vijjANuvekkhA (prAkRta), 1979 ke thUbauna, gunA, madhyapradeza ke varSAyoga kAla meM sRjita prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha 'vidyAnuprekSA' kI 8 gAthAe~ hI upalabdha ho pAI haiN| bhAvanAzatakam (tIrthaMkara aise bane), [DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara, madhyapradeza ke ema. e.saMskRta ke pAThyakrama meM svIkRta racanA] racayitA-AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja, saMskRta TIkAkAra-paM. DaoN. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, prakAzaka-mantrI, nirgrantha sAhitya prakAzana samiti, prAptisthAna-jaina sUcanA kendra, 10-e, citapura spara, kolakAtA-700 007, pazcima baMgAla, prathamAvRtti-1979, pRSTha-12+68, mUlya-3 rupe| gomaTesa-thudi ('gomaTeza aSTaka' kA AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kRta padyAnuvAda evaM DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAgendu' dvArA 'gomaTesa thudi' kI saMskRta chAyA, hindI artha evaM prastAvanA Adi, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara, madhyapradeza ke ema. e.- saMskRta pAThyakrama meM svIkRta kRti) prakAzaka - zrI bhAgacandra iToriyA sArvajanika nyAsa, sTezana roDa, damoha-470 661, madhyapradeza, dvitIya saMskaraNa-1982, pRSTha-12, mUlya-1.50 rupe| 10. jinendra stuti-AcArya pAtrakesarI ke pAtrakesarI-stotram' saMskRta grantha kA padyAnuvAda 50 hindI 'jJAnodaya' chandoM meM do dohoM sahita siddhakSetra nainAgirijI, chatarapura, madhyapradeza meM 24 julAI 1982 ko pUrNa / aprakAzita / jJAna kA vidyA-sAgara (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI dvArA sRjita 12 granthoM ke padyAnuvAdoM kA saMkalana), prakAzaka-zrImatI ramA jaina, dharmapatnI lAlA nemacanda jaina, purAnAgaMja, sikandarAbAda, bulandazahara, uttarapradeza, prathama saMskaraNa-1983, pRSTha -384 / baMgalA kavitAe~ - IsarI, giriDIha, jhArakhaNDa ke pravAsakAla meM san 1983 meM likhita 3 baMgalA kvitaaeN| dohA dohana - vibhinna granthoM ke padyAnuvAdoM ke sAtha atirikta likhita 137 dohoM kA 1984 meM prakAzita saMgraha kA rajakaNa prakAzana, Ananda laoNja, TIkamagar3ha, madhyapradeza se 1986 meM prakAzita dvitIya saMskaraNa, pRSTha-26, mUlya-2 rupe| vidyA vANI (khuraI meM 1985 meM pradatta pravacana evaM anya pravacana saMgraha), saMkalaka- vinodakumAra jaina, patrakAra sAhitya saciva evaM koSAdhyakSa-zrI vIra sevA dala, maMgala dhAma, khuraI, sAgara, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1986, pRSTha-42, mUlya-5 rupe| 15. caraNa AcaraNa kI ora (IsarI, jhArakhaNDa meM pradatta udbodhana), prakAzaka- zramaNa bhAratI, mainapurI, prAptisthAna - DaoN. suzIla kumAra jaina, jaina klInika, siTI posTa Aphisa ke sAmane, mainapurI-205 001, uttarapradeza, 12. 14.
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________________ 18. 21. mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 535 phona-(05672) 234302, mo. 98371-10220, prathamAvRtti-1986, pRsstth-18| terA so eka (13 pravacana saMgraha), rajakaNa prakAzana, Ananda laoNja, TIkamagar3ha-472 001, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1986, pRSTha-4 +72 / akiMcitkara (Asava-bandha ke kSetra meM mithyAtva ke akiMcitkara viSayaka 16 va 26 jUna eva 6 agasta, '86 ko pradatta saiddhAntika pravacana), prakAzaka- jJAnodaya prakAzana, pisanahArI mar3hiyA, jabalapura-482 003, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti- 22 navambara, 1987, pRSTha-16+74, mUlya-4 rupe| kundakunda kA kundana (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke padyAnuvAdoM meM se cayanita pada saMgraha), saMkalana-DaoN. jinendrakumAra jaina, prakAzaka- AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara zodha saMsthAna, pisanahArI kI mar3hiyA, jabalapura-482 003, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1988, pRSTha-68, mUlya-3 rupe| cetanA ke gaharAva meM (sacitra pratinidhi kAvya saMgraha), ['DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI' kAvya saMgraha se 20, 'totA kyoM rotA ?' kAvya saMgraha se 36 evaM nUtana/anya 21 kavitAoM sahita 5 khaNDoM meM prakAzita prakAzaka-jJAnodaya prakAzana, pisanahArI mar3hiyA, jabalapura-482003, madhyapradeza se prakAzita rAja saMskaraNa1988, pRSTha-6+92, mUlya-60 rupe| kannar3a kavitAe~ - pisanahArI mar3hiyA, jabalapura, madhyapradeza meM dvitIya cAturmAsa 1988 ke daurAna kannar3a meM likhita 4 kvitaaeN| satya kI chA~va meM - jJAnodaya prakAzana, pisanahArI kI mar3hiyA, jabalapura-482 003, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1988, pRSTha - 32, mUlya-2 rupe| digambara jaina atizaya kSetra antarikSa pArzvanAthajI, zirapura, vAzima, mahArASTra ke sambandha meM AcArya zrI madanakIrti kRta 'zAsana-catustriMzikA' ke padya kA anuvAda, 1990 / samAgama (pravacana saMgraha), sampAdaka-muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka-bhagavAn RSabhadeva granthamAlA, zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera-303 902, jayapura, rAjasthAna, phona-(0141) 2730390, prathamAvRtti-1991, pRSTha-101, mUlya-15 rupe| vidyA kAvya bhAratI (6 hindI zataka evaM zAradA stuti kA saMkalana), prakAzaka-zrI vidyAsAgara zikSA samiti, kaTaMgI, jabalapura, madhyapradeza, dvitIya AvRtti-1991, pRSTha-112, mUlya-10 rupe| pravacanAmRta (phirojAbAda, uttarapradeza, 1975 ke pravacana saMgraha, bhAga-3), prakAzaka-jJAnodaya prakAzana, pisanahArI mar3hiyA, jabalapura-482 003, madhyapradeza, saMskaraNa-1991, pRSTha-12+25 / paJcazatI (saMskRta meM racita 5 zataka, inhIM meM se 3 zatakoM kA anvayArtha, inhIM pA~coM zatakoM kA padyAnuvAda AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI dvArA evaM DaoN. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya dvArA ina zatakoM para likhita saMskRta TIkA evaM hindI artha), prakAzaka-ajita prasAda jaina, 4141-AryapurA, purAnI sabjImaNDI, dillI-110 006, phona-(011)23829123, prathamAvRtti-1991, pRSTha-16+352 / dhIvara kI dhI (pravacana), prakAzaka - dulIcanda devarAja kumbhAre parivAra, khAparakher3A , nAgapura, mahArASTra, prAptisthAna-jJAnodaya prakAzana, pisanahArI kI mar3hiyA, jabalapura-482 003, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1992, pRsstth-32| sIpa ke motI (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI sUktiyoM kA saMcayana), prakAzaka-jJAnodaya navayuvaka sabhA, lArDagaMja jaina mandira, jabalapura-482 002, madhyapradeza, prathama saMskaraNa-1993, pRSTha-32, mUlya-2 rupe| 22. r3 27. 28.
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________________ 536 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA pravacana surabhi (ajamera meM 1974 kI cAturmAsAvadhi meM pradatta pravacanoM kA sAra), saMkalaka-kamalakumAra jaina, ajamera, prakAzaka-vimalacandra jaina, 259- zrImantam, Adarza nagara, nyU baiMka kaoNlonI, ajamera roDa, byAvara, ajamera, rAjasthAna, prathama-saMskaraNa-1993, pRSTha-24+362, mUlya-25 rupe| pravacana parva (siddhakSetra ahArajI meM 1985 meM dazalakSaNa parva para pradatta pravacana saMkalana), prakAzaka-zrI munisaMgha sAhitya prakAzana samiti, santoSakumAra jayakumAra jaina baiTarIvAle, kaTarA bAjAra, sAgara-470 002, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1993, pRSTha-130, mUlya-10 rupe| 31. pravacana pIyUSa (phirojAbAda, uttarapradeza meM 1975 ke pravAsa para pradatta pravacana saMgraha, pravacanAmRta-do bhAgoM kA saMkalana), prakAzana sampreraka-AryikA zrI dRr3hamatIjI sasaMgha, prakAzaka-zrI digambara jaina munisaMgha cAturmAsa samiti, bhagavAn mahAvIra vihAra, gaMjabAsaudA, vidizA, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1993, pRSTha-8+92, mUlya-15 rupe| 32. kara viveka se kAma (rAmaTeka, mahArASTra meM 29-8-1993 ko bhagavAn zAntinAtha ke mahAmastakAbhiSeka ke prasaMga para pradatta eka pravacana), sampAdana-munizrI samatAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka-sI. ema. TeksaTAilsa, 2-asembalI lena, dAdI seTha agyArI roDa, mumbaI-400 002, mahArASTra, prathamAvRtti-1993, pRsstth-16| sarvodaya aSTaka - sarvodaya tIrtha amarakaNTaka, anUpapura, madhyapradeza meM prathama pravAsakAla ke daurAna 1994 meM 'sarvodaya zataka' ke sAtha sRjita / sarvodaya sAra (sarvodaya tIrtha, amarakaNTaka meM 1994 meM pradatta 24 pravacanoM kA sAra-saMkSepa), saMkalakavedacandra jaina, patrakAra, peNDrAroDa, chattIsagar3ha, prakAzaka-zrI digambara jaina sarvodaya tIrtha amarakaNTaka kameTI, amarakaNTaka, anUpapura, madhyapradeza, pa.thamAvRtti-1994, pRSTha-7+57 / stuti saurabha, (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI dvArA racita pA~ca zataka Adi aneka racanAoM kA saMkalana), prakAzana preraka-AryikA zrI dRr3hamatIjI sasaMgha, prakAzaka evaM prAptisthAna-digambara jaina samAja revAr3I, zrI digambara jaina mandira kuA~vAlA, jainapurI, revAr3I- 123 401, hariyANA, prathama saMskaraNa-1994, pRSTha-22 +344, mUlya-35 rupe| sAgara bUMda samAya (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke 1245 vicAra sUtroM evaM 156 dohoM kA saMgraha), saMkalanasaMyojana-muni zrI samatAsAgarajI mahArAja, prAptisthala-siMghaI mahezakumAra ajitakumAra jaina, siMghaI bradarsa, raghunAtha gaMja, kaTanI-483 001, madhyapradeza, dvitIya AvRtti-1995, pRSTha-14+168 / eka paricaya : mauna sAdhaka kA (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kA paricaya evaM unakI kucha racanAoM kA saMkalana) saMkalana-muni zrI sukhasAgarajI mahArAja, sampAdaka-manISa jaina modI, prakAzaka-hinda yuvA maMca, 927gaMjIpurA cauka, jabalapura-482 002, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1995, pRsstth-5+47| / sAgara manyana (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke 66 pravacana evaM 87 dohoM kA saMkalana), prakAzana-sampreraka- AryikA zrI dRr3hamatIjI sasaMgha, prakAzaka-zrImatI puSpAdevI subhASacandra sarrApha, jaina galI, hisAra, hariyANA, prathamAvRtti-1995, pRSTha-20+360 / 39. samagra : AcArya vidyAsAgara (cAra khaNDa) - [AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke vAGmaya kA saMgraha) - prathama khaNDa : [maulika saMskRta racanAe~, anvaya, unhIM granthoM ke padyAnuvAda evaM DaoN. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya kRta hindI artha] 1. zramaNazatakam (saMskRta), 2. zramaNazataka (hindI), 3. bhAvanAzatakam (saMskRta), 4. bhAvanAzataka (hindI), 5. niraJjana-zatakam (saMskRta), 6. niraMjanazataka (hindI), 7. parISahajayazatakam
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 537 (saMskRta), 8. parISayahajayazataka (hindI), 9. sunItizatakam (saMskRta), 10. sunItizataka (hindI), 11. zAradAstutiriyam (saMskRta), 12. zAradAstuti (hindI) / kula 12 racanAe~, pRSTha 8+520 / dvitIya khaNDa : [jaina AcAryoM dvArA sRjita prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha granthoM kA hindI bhAvAnuvAda] 1. jaina gItA - ('samaNasuttaM' kA padyAnuvAda), 2. kundakunda kA kundana ('samayasAra' kA padyAnuvAda), 3. nijAmRta pAna [kalazAgIta] ('samayasAra-kalaza' kA padyAnuvAda), 4. dravya-saMgraha ('vasantatilakA' chanda evaM 'jJAnodaya' chanda meM pRthak-pRthak padyAnuvAda), 5. aSTapAhur3a, 6. niyamasAra, 7. dvAdazAnuprekSA, 8. samantabhadra kI bhadratA ('svayambhU-stotra' kA padyAnuvAda), 9. guNodaya ('AtmAnuzAsana' kA padyAnuvAda), 10. rayaNamaMjUSA (ratnakaraNDaka-zrAvakAcAra' kA padyAnuvAda), 11. AptamImAMsA ('devAgama-stotra' kA padyAnuvAda), 12. iSTopadeza ('vasantatilakA' chanda evaM jJAnodaya' chanda meM pRthakpRthak padyAnuvAda), 13. gommaTesa-thudi ('gommaTeza aSTaka' kA padyAnuvAda), 14. kalyANamandirastotra, 15. nandIzvara-bhakti, 16. samAdhi-sudhA-zatakam ('samAdhitantra' kA padyAnuvAda), 17. yogasAra, 18. ekIbhAva-stotra / kula 20 racanAe~, pRSTha 10+638 / tRtIya khaNDa : [maulika kAvya saMgraha, zataka, AcArya paramparA stavana evaM bhakti-gIta] 1. narmadA kA narama kaMkara, 2. DUbo mata,lagAo DubakI, 3. totA kyoM rotA ?, 4. nijAnubhava-zataka, 5. muktaka-zataka, 6. stuti-zataka, 8. sarvodaya-zataka, 9. AcArya zrI zAntisAgarajI stuti, 10. AcArya zrI vIrasAgarajI stuti, 11. AcArya zrI zivasAgarajI stuti, 12. AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI stuti, 13. bhakti gIta --(ka) aba maiM mama mandira meM rahU~gA, (kha) parabhAva tyAga tU bana zIghra digambara, (ga) mokSa-lalanA ko jiyA ! kaba baregA ? (gha) bhaTakana taba taka bhava meM jArI, (Ga) bananA cAhatA yadi zivAMganA pati, (ca) cetana nija ko jAna jarA, (cha) samakita lAbha, (ja) My Self / kula 13 racanAe~, pRSTha 6+466 / / caturtha khaNDa : [samaya-samaya para prakAzita pravacana-saMgrahoM ke saMkalana rUpa pravacanAvalI]ka. pravacanAmRta - samIcIna dharma, nirmala dRSTi, vinayAvanati, suzIlatA, nirantara jJAnopayoga, saMvega, tyAgavRtti, sat-tapa, sAdhu-samAdhi sudhA-sAdhana, vaiyAvRtya, arhat bhakti, AcArya stuti, zikSAguru stuti, bhagavad bhAratI bhakti, vimala Avazyaka, dharma prabhAvanA, vAtsalya / (kula 17 prvcn)| kha. guru vANI - Ananda kA srota - AtmAnuzAsana, brahmacarya - cetana kA bhoga, nijAtmaramaNa hI ahiMsA hai, AtmalInatA hI dhyAna, mUrta se amUrta, AtmAnubhUti hI samayasAra, parigraha, acaurya / (kula 8 prvcn)| ga. pravacana pArijAta - jIva-ajIva tattva, Asrava tattva, bandha tattva, saMvara tattva, nirjarA, mokSa tattva, anekAnta / (kula sAta prvcn)| gha. pravacana paMcAmRta-janma : AtmakalyANa kA avasara, tapa: Atma-zodhana kA vijJAna, jJAna : Atmaupalabdhi kA sopAna, jJAna kalyANaka, mokSa : saMsAra ke pAra / (kula pA~ca prvcn)| Ga. pravacana pradIpa - samAdhidivasa : AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI, rakSAbandhana, darzana-pradarzana, vyAmoha kI parAkASThA, Adarza sambandha, AtmAnuzAsana, antima samAdhAna, jJAna aura anubhUti, samIcIna sAdhanA, maanvtaa| (kula dasa prvcn)| ca. pravacana parva - parva : pUrva bhUmikA, uttama kSamA, uttama mArdava, uttama Arjava, uttama zauca, uttama satya, uttama saMyama, uttama tapa, uttama tyAga, uttama AkiMcanya, uttama brahmacarya evaM pAribhASika zabdakoSa / (kula 11 pravacana evaM pAribhASika shbdkosh)|
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________________ 538 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA cha. pAvana pravacana - dharma : Atma - utthAna kA vijJAna, antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra, parama puruSabhagavAna hanumAna (kula 3 pravacana) / ja. pravacana prameya - ( kula 10 pravacana) / jha. pravacanikA - prArambha, zreSTha saMskAra, janma-maraNa se pare, samatva kI sAdhanA, dharma dezanA, niSThA se pratiSThA / (kula 6 pravacana) / pRSTha 6+618 / samagra : AcArya vidyAsAgara ( 4 khaNDa) : prakAzana sampreraka- muni zrI kSamAsAgarajI mahArAja sasaMgha, prakAzaka-samagra prakAzana, santoSakumAra jayakumAra jaina baiTarI vAle, kaTarA bAjAra, sAgara 470 002, madhyapradeza, phona - (07582) 244475, 243755, mo. 94258- 90921, prathama saMskaraNa - 1996, mUlya - 300 rupae / mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgara granthAvalI (4 khaNDa) : (cAroM khaNDoM kA paricayAtmaka vivaraNa uparyuktavat) prakAzana sampreraka-muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja sasaMgha, prakAzaka- AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, seThajI kI nasiyA, byAvara - 305901, ajamera, rAjasthAna evaM zrI digambara jaina mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera303 902, jayapura, rAjasthAna, phona - (0141) 2730390, 2730552, 5177300, prathama saMskaraNa1996, prathama khaNDa-pRSTha-32 + 528, mUlya 85 rupae, dvitIya khaNDa - 32+682, mUlya - 100 rupae, tRtIya khaNDa-32+488, mUlya-85 rupae, caturtha khaNDa - 32+618, mUlya - 100 rupae / vizvodaya ('sAgara bU~da samAya' kA laghurUpa sUkti saMkalana), sampAdikA - suzrI prIti jaina, prAptisthAnaprakAzacandra dIpacandra jaina luhAr3iyA, rAdhAkizanapurA vAle, 1-ka-23, hAusiMga borDa, zAstrI nagara, jayapura, rAjasthAna, prathamAvRtti-1996, pRsstth-6+34| kauna kahA~ taka sAtha degA ( pravacana saMgrahoM meM se cayanita 101 dRSTAnta saMgraha), saMkalaka-jayakumAra jaina, hisAra, prakAzaka- vIra vidyA saMgha- gujarAta, zAntinAtha digambara jaina mandira, sAbaramatI, ahamadAbAda, gujarAta, prathamAvRtti - 1996, pRSTha- 8 + 120, mUlya 12 rupae / pAvana zilpI (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kA vyaktitva evaM kRtiyoM kA saMkalana), prakAzana sampreraka-AryikA zrI dRr3hamatIjI sasaMgha, prakAzaka - trilokacanda pavanakumAra jaina, bar3atalA yAdagAra, sahAranapura - 247001, uttarapradeza, prathamAvRtti - 1996, pRSTha-92 / pravacanikA (sAgara, madhyapradeza meM 1993 meM sampanna paMcakalyANaka evaM gajaratha mahotsava ke prasaMga para pradatta pravacana saMgraha), prakAzaka-zrI munisaMgha svAgata samiti, santoSakumAra jayakumAra jaina baiTarIvAle, kaTarA bAjAra, sAgara-470 002, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti - 1996, pRSTha-26 / svarUpa sambodhana - AcArya akalaMkadeva kRta 'svarUpa- sambodhanam' (saMskRta) kA 25 hindI padyoM meM bhAvAnuvAda | 1996, aprakAzita / zabda-zabda vidyA kA sAgara ('narmadA kA narama kaMkara', 'DUbo mata lagAo DubakI', 'totA kyoM rotA ?' kAvya saMgrahoM kA samanvita prakAzana), prakAzana sampreraka- AryikA zrI dRr3hamatIjI sasaMgha, prakAzaka- vijayakumAra jaina, lakSmI prisijana skrUja limiTeDa, hisAra roDa, rohataka - 124001, hariyANA, phona - (01262)242524, 242520 (ni.), 248098, 248790, mo. 98101 - 72079, dvitIyAvRtti-1996, pRSTha-4+290 / hAikU kavitAe~ - zrI vighnahara pArzvanAtha digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mahuA, sUrata, gujarAta meM 1996 se jApAnI kavitA zailI meM hAikU lekhana prArambha hokara abhI taka tIna sau se bhI adhika hAikU aalekhit| 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47.
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________________ 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 539 dohA zataka saMgraha (aneka zatakoM evaM racanAoM kA saMkalana), prakAzaka- ke. esa. gArameNTsa, 25 - khajUrI bAjAra, indaura-452 002, madhyapradeza, phona - (0731) 2535953, prathamAvRtti-1997, pRSTha- 116 / stuti maMjUSA (AcArya vidyAsAgara dvArA likhita pAMca zatakoM Adi kA saMkalana), saMkalana evaM sampAdanaAryikA zrI vizAlamatIjI, prAptisthAna- zrI digambara jaina pArzvanAtha atizaya kSetra kameTI, bijauliyA311 602, bhIlavAr3A, rAjasthAna, prathama AvRtti - 1997, pRSTha-208 / siddhodaya sAra (siddhodaya tIrtha, nemAvara, devAsa, madhyapradeza ke pravAsa para 1997 meM pradatta 38 pravacanoM kA sAra-saMgraha), saMkalana-ailaka zrI namrasAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka- anila kumAra jaina, bAmbe - sAgara roDaveja, kveTA kaoNlonI, nAgapura - 440002, mahArASTra, phona - (0712) 2771491, 2770085, prathamAvRtti1998, pRSTha-10+134, mUlya-10 vyaktiyoM ko zAkAhArI banAnA / AdarzoM ke Adarza (10 pravacanoM kA saMgraha), sampAdaka- muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka- bhagavAn RSabhadeva granthamAlA, zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera - 303902, jayapura, rAjasthAna, phona-(0141)2730390, prathamAvRtti - 1999, pRSTha 4+116, mUlya 20 rupae / ahiMsA kA sUtra (pravacanAMza), saMkalana - muni zrI ajitasAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka - zrImatI mInA anila kumAra jaina, bAmbe sAgara roDaveja, kveTA kaoNlonI, nAgapura, mahArASTra dvitIyAvRtti-1999, pRsstth-36| vidyA- kathA - kuMja ( mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgara granthAvalI, bhAga-cAra para AdhArita 63 naitika zikSAprada kahAniyA~), prakAzana sampreraka - muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja, saMkalaka-DaoN. kastUracandra jaina 'sumana', prakAzaka- zrI digambara jaina sAhitya saMskRti saMrakSaNa samiti, DI - 302, viveka vihAra, dillI - 110 095, prathamAvRtti - 2000, pRSTha- 12+70, mUlya 15 rupae / tapovana dezanA (gujarAta pravAsa - 1996 para pradatta 24 pravacanoM kA saMgraha), saMkalaka-ailaka zrI nirbhayasAgarajI mahArAja, sahayogI-ailaka zrI prajJAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka - zrI sakala digambara jaina samAja khA~dU kaoNlonI, bA~savAr3A, rAjasthAna, prAptisthAna - cetaka selsa kArporezana, 107 - kAmarziyala eriyA, bA~savAr3A, rAjasthAna, phona-(02962)241661, prathamAvRtti - 2000, pRSTha-6+86 / kuNDalapura dezanA (kuNDalapura - 1995 evaM nemAvara - 1997 meM pradatta pravacana - sAra saMgraha ), sampAdana- ailaka zrI nizcayasAgarajI mahArAja, prAptisthAna - zrI digambara jaina atizaya - siddhakSetra kuNDalapura, damoha, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti - 2001, pRSTha- 16+120, mUlya 15 rupae / pravacanasAra ('pravacanasAra' grantha kA bhAvAnuvAda), padyAnuvAdaka- AcArya vidyAsAgara, prakAzaka-cakreza jaina, cakreza kirAnA sTorsa, itavArI bAjAra, chindavAr3A - 480001, madhyapradeza, phona - (07162) 224206, prathamAvRtti - 2001, pRSTha - 5+105 / dharmadezanA (zrI digambara jaina siddhodaya siddha kSetra, nemAvara, devAsa, madhyapradeza meM dazalakSaNa parva, 1997 para pradatta pravacana saMgraha), prakAzaka- jJAnodaya prakAzana, pisanahArI kI mar3hiyA, jabalapura - 482003, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti - 2001, pRSTha- 136, mUlya - 20 rupae / Samana Suttam (Compiler - Jinendra Varni, Hindi Padyanuvad - Acharya Vidya Sagar) English Translator and Comantrator - Dasharathlal Jain, Pub.-Shri Digambar Jain Yuvak Sangh, Vidyasagar Nagar, Opp. Satyam Gas, Vijay Nagar, M.G. Road, Indore-452 010, Madhya Pradesh, Phone - (0731) 2570687, 2571851, 2570689, Mob. 98272-42453, First Edition
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________________ 540 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 2002, Page-78+374, Price-120/-. mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgara granthAvalI se sarvodaya Adi paMca zatakAvalI evaM AcArya stutisaroja saMgraha (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kRta sarvodaya zataka, pUrNodaya zataka, sUryodaya zataka, muktaka zataka, dohAdohana zataka evaM stuti - saroja kA saMcayana), prakAzana sampreraka - AryikA zrI mRdumatIjI sasaMgha, saMkalana-sampAdana-anila jaina, vidyodaya prakAzana, vijaya presa, lalitapura - 284 003, uttarapradeza, phona(05176) 273945, prathamAvRtti - 2003, pRSTha - 20 +92, mUlya- 20 rupae / bhakti pAThAvalI (AcArya pUjyapAda svAmI dvArA racita bhaktiyoM kA mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgara kRta hindI padyAnuvAda) - prakAzana sampreraka- AryikA zrI mRdumatIjI sasaMgha, saMkalana - sampAdana - anila jaina, vidyodaya prakAzana, vijaya presa, lalitapura- 284003, uttarapradeza, phona - (05176) 273945, prathamAvRtti-2003, pRSTha- 20+44, mUlya - 15rupae / mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgara granthAvalI se jina stuti Adi sapta zatakAvalI (jinastutizataka, niraMjanazataka, bhAvanAzataka, zramaNazataka, parISahajayazataka, nijAnubhavazataka evaM sunItizataka), prakAzana sampreraka-AryikA zrI mRdumatIjI sasaMgha, saMkalana - sampAdana- anila jaina, vidyodaya prakAzana, vijaya presa, lalitapura-284 003, uttarapradeza, phona - (05176) 273945, prathamAvRtti - 2003, pRSTha-20+156, mUlya 25 rupe| bhakti pATha (AcArya zrI pUjyapAda svAmI kRta 9 saMskRta bhaktiyoM kA AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kRta padyAnuvAda), prakAzaka-zrImatI puSpAdevI omaprakAza jaina, sAlU grupa, azvamegha apArTamenTsa, pArale pvAinTa, aThavA lAinsa, sUrata, gujarAta, phona - (0261) 2226098, 2226857, mo. 98792 - 21000, paMcama saMskaraNa-AcArya kundakunda dIkSA dvisahasrAbdi varSa sandarbha, 2004, pRSTha-74 / guru bhakti (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI dvArA sRjita racanAoM meM se cayanita padyoM kA saMkalana), prakAzana samprerakamuni zrI prazAntasAgarajI mahArAja sasaMgha, prakAzaka-sakala digambara jaina samAja, gunA, madhyapradeza, prAptisthAnapavana kumAra kaTharayA-adhyakSa - jaina samAja gunA, vidyAsAgara nagara, caudharI kaoNlonI, gunA - 473001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07542)224936(ni.), 50119 (du.), prathama AvRtti-2004, pRSTha4+84 / Pravachan-Parv (Preaching Paradise - English translation of Pravachan Parv- Preachings on Ten Dharmas) - Aacharya Vidyaasaagar, English Translation by - S. L. Jain, Flat- 7/3, Nupur Kunj, E-3 / 185, Arera Colony, Bhopal 462016 (M.P.), Ph. (0755) 4293654, Mob. 94250-06804, Published by - Maitree Samooh, First Edition - April 2006, Page - 10+144, Price- 40/-. Preaching Salvation (English translation of Pravachan Paarijaata Preaching of Seven Tattavas)- Aacharya Vidyaasaagar, English Translation by - S. L. Jain, Flat - 7/3, Nupur Kunj, E-3/185, Arera Colony, Bhopal - 462016 (M.P.), Ph. (0755) 4293654, Mob. 9425006804, Published by- Maitree Samooh, First Edition- March 2007, Page - 16+108, Price 50/-. - pravacanAmRta (phirojAbAda, uttarapradeza, 1975 ke pravacana saMgraha, bhAga - 2), prakAzaka - munisaMgha sAhitya prakAzana samiti, prAptisthAna - santoSakumAra jayakumAra jaina baiTarI vAle, kaTarA bAjAra, sAgara-470 002, madhyapradeza, pRSTha-8+44, mUlya 4 rupae /
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________________ 67. 68. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 541 cetana candrodaya - saMskRta meM likhita maulika zatAdhika padya / adyAvadhi aprakAzita / dhIrodaya (saMskRta campUkAvya) - adyAvadhi aprakAzita / (gha) 'mUkamATI' para AdhArita grantha 'mUkamATI' (mahAkAvya), racayitA - AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka- bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 18- insTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI roDa, naI dillI- 110003, phona (011)24626467, 24654196, 24656201, prathama saMskaraNa - 1988, mUlya 50 rupae, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa - 2004, pRSTha24+488, mUlya - 140 rupae / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke cayanita kAvyAMzoM para zrI azoka bhaMDArI, suputra zrI rAmagopAla bhaMDArI, jabalapura dvArA 110 bahuraMgI citra / peTiMga 1988 I. meM taiyAra kie gae, adyAvadhi aprakAzita | 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA marAThI meM parizIlana, prA. sau. zrImatI lIlAvatI jaina, sampAdikA - 'dharma maMgala' (marAThI-hindI mAsika), 1 - salIla apArTamenTsa, plaoNTa naM 57, sAnevAr3I, auMdha, pUnA - 411 007, mahArASTra, phona - (020) 25887793 dvArA 'dharma maMgala' patrikA ke 16-1-89 se 16-2-91 ke aMkoM meM anuvAdAtmaka rasagrahaNa rUpa dhArAvAhika parizIlana / 'mUkamATI' kA marAThI rUpAntaraNa, anuvAdaka - manohara ga. mAravaDakara, 17 - bI., 'svadharma', mahAvIra nagara, greTa nAga roDa, nAgapura -440 009, mahArASTra, 1990 I., aprakAzita / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya : kAvyazAstrIya nikaSa, lekhaka - pro. zIlacanda jaina, hindI vibhAga - Deniyalasana kaoNleja, chindavAr3A - 480001, madhyapradeza, prakAzaka- zrI digambara jaina samAja, chindavAr3A, madhyapradeza, prathama saMskaraNa-1991, pRSTha 4+144, mUlya 10 rupae / pratIka aura pratIka vijJAna ('pratIka vaijJAnika vizleSaNa' adhyAya ke antargata pR. 138-139 para 'mUkamATI' ke pratIkoM kA vizleSaNa), lekhaka - prophesara (DaoN.) vRSabhaprasAda jaina, nidezaka bhASA kendra, mahAtmA gA~dhI antararASTrIya vizvavidyAlaya, bI-1/23, sekTara- jI, jAnakIpuram, lakhanaU - 226024, uttarapradeza, phona(0522) 2732703 (ni.), 2761543 (kA.), prakAzaka - rAjakamala prakAzana prA. li., 1 - bI, netAjI subhASa mArga, naI dillI- 110002, phona - (011) 23274463, 23266498, 23276379, prathama saMskaraNa-1991, pRSTha- 158, mUlya 60 rupae / Mookmati ('mUkamATI' kA aMgrejI anuvAda), anuvAdaka- siMghaI sugamacanda jaina, svatantratA saMgrAma sainAnI, piNDaraI-481 668, maNDalA, madhyapradeza, dvArA jayanta kumAra jaina, variSTha vyAkhyAtA - zAsakIya iMjIniyariMga mahAvidyAlaya-jabalapura, vihAna nivAsa, yAdava kaoNlonI, jabalapura - 482002, madhyapradeza, 1992 I., adyAvadhi aprakAzita / 'mUkamATI' : eka dArzanika mahAkRti ('rAmapuriyA puraskAra' evaM 'jejAnI TrasTa' puraskAra se puraskRta racanA), DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara', prakAzaka - RSabha kumAra jejAnI, banavArIlAla vaMzIdhara jejAnI ceriTebala TrasTa, itavArI, nAgapura- 440002, mahArASTra, prathama AvRtti - 1992, pRSTha- 190, mUlya-15 rupae / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke pratIkoM kA vaijJAnika vizleSaNa (barakatullA vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla, madhyapradeza se 1990 meM ema.phila. hetu svIkRta laghu zodha prabandha), lekhaka - ramezacandra mizra, prAdhyApaka - hindI, sAdhu
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________________ 542 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 10. 13. vAsavAnI DigrI kaoNleja, bairAgar3ha, bhopAla, madhyapradeza, prakAzaka-zakti prakAzana, 58- sultAniyA roDa, bhopAla, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1992, pRSTha-64, mUlya-50 rupe| Acharya Vidyasagar's : Mookmati ( Mute-Mud), Jaikishandas Sadani, Published by - Nirgrantha Sahitya Prakashan Samiti, P-4, Kalakar Street, Kolkata-700 007, West Bengal, First Edition -1994, Page-20. 'mUkamATI' : mukti kI maMgala yAtrA- muni zrI samatAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka-DaoN. candramohana pATanI, pATanI sadana, aspatAla roDa, vidizA-464 001, madhyapradeza, prathama saMskaraNa-mArca-1995, pRsstth-32|| 'mUkamATI' : cetanA ke svara (nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya,nAgapura, mahArASTra se DI. liT. ke lie 1988 meM svIkRta zodha-prabandha), lekhaka-DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara', pUrva vibhAgAdhyakSa-pAlI evaM prAkRta vibhAga, nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya, nAgapura, mahArASTra, prakAzaka-RSabhakumAra jejAnI, jejAnI ceriTebala TrasTa, purohita DAlaDA kampanI ke sAmane, ghATa roDa, nAgapura, mahArASTra, phona-(0712)2730015, 2762177 (du.), 2779045 (ni.), mo. 98231-16209, prathama AvRtti-1995, pRSTha-8+346, mUlya-50 rupe| AcArya kavi vidyAsAgara kA kAvya-vaibhava ('mUkamATI', 'narmadA kA narama kaMkara', 'totA kyoM rotA', 'cetanA ke gaharAva meM,' 'DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI'--pA~ca kRtiyoM para samIkSAtmaka adhyayana), lekhaka- DaoN. zekharacandra jaina, pUrva prAcArya evaM hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa- zrImatI sadaguNA sI. yU. ArTsa kaoNleja, ahamadAbAda, prakAzaka - dayAcanda kAzIprasAda jaina, sukumAla nagara, dhanajI bhAI ke kuA~ ke pAsa, cA~dalor3iyA, ahamadAbAda382 481, gujarAta, prAptisthAna-zrI kunthusAgara grAphiksa senTara,25-ziromaNI baMgaloja, bar3odarA eksapresa hAive ke sAmane, sI. TI. ema. cAra rAstA ke pAsa, hAive, ahamadAbAda-380 026, gujarAta, phona-(079) 25850744, 2589177, prathama saMskaraNa-1997, pRSTha-10+108, mUlya20 rupe| 'mUkamATI' (saMkSipta), sampAdaka-DaoN. azoka ke. zAha, rAjapIpalA, gujarAta, prakAzaka-paMkaja Ara. gA~dhI, pApyulara prakAzana, TAvara roDa, sUrata, gujarAta, prathama AvRtti-1997, pRSTha-4+64, mUlya-10 rupe| 'mUkamATI' kA kannar3a rUpAntaraNa, anuvAdaka-eca. vhI. caudharI, dvArA-- e. vAya. iMcAla, ema.AI.jI. pharsTa, hAusa naM 58, huDako kaoNlonI, gadaga-582 101, dhAravAr3a, karnATaka, 1998 I., aprakAzita / 'mUkamATI' kA saurabha ('mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM pratipAdita mAnava mUlya), saMkalana-DaoN. nIlama jaina, pradhAna sampAdikA-'jaina mahilAdarza, lakhanaU, prakAzaka-zrI digambara sAhitya prakAzana samiti, jaina TreDarsa, jaina mandira ke sAmane, barelA, jabalapura, madhyapradeza, phona-(0761)289487, 289483, prathama saMskaraNa1998, pRSTha-92, mUlya-12 rupe| hindI sAhitya meM paryAvaraNIya cetanA (yU.jI.sI. ke rASTrIya seminAra meM paThita Alekha-saMkalana meM paryAvaraNa anucintana aura 'mUkamATI' Alekha, pRSTha 95 se 120 taka), sampAdaka-DaoN. vIrendra svarNakAra evaM DaoN. surendra kumAra jaina 'bhAratI', prakAzaka-sevA sadana mahAvidyAlaya, burahAnapura-450 331, madhyapradeza, phona(07325) 254926, prathama AvRtti- 1999, mUlya-200 rupe| saMvAdoM ke silasile - (DaoN. santoSa tivArI dvArA likhita AlekhoM ke antargata 'mUkamATI' para 'vikAsa yAtrA kI nirantaratA : pada, patha aura pAtheya samIkSAtmaka Alekha), lekhaka-DaoN. santoSa kumAra tivArI, prakAzaka-amara prakAzana, paNDita kedAranAtha pacaurI bhavana, sadara bAjAra, mathurA-281 001, uttarapradeza, prathama saMskaraNa-2000, mUlya-150 rupae / 14. 'makamA
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________________ 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 543 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA marAThI bhASA meM vyAkhyAtmaka anuzIlana, zrImatI vijayA avinAza saMgaI, aMjanagA~vasurjI - 444 705, amarAvatI, mahArASTra, , phona - (07224) 242079 dvArA 'sanmati' (marAThImAsika), bAhubalI vidyApITha, kumbhoja bAhubalI - 413 110, kolhApura, mahArASTra, phona - (06186) 2484422 ke julAI se disambara, 2001 ke aMkoM meM 'mUkamATI' ke prathama khaNDa kA dhArAvAhika rUpa meM prakAzana / Aloka kathAe~ (jIvana ke utkarSa kI 98 kathAoM ke antargata 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI viSaya-vastu para kendrita ' dambhI kA sira nIcA' zIrSakagata 60 vIM kathA ), lekhaka - padmazrI yazapAla jaina, prakAzaka- mantrIsastA sAhitya maNDala, ena-77, kanaoNTa sarkasa, naI dillI- 110001, phona - (011) 23310505, 51523565, dvitIya AvRtti - 2001, pRSTha- 116, mUlya 25 rupae / The Silent Earth ('mUkamATI' kA aMgrejI rUpAntaraNa), anuvAdaka - lAlacanda jaina, pUrva adhyApaka - varNI jaina inTara kaoNleja, 'Aloka bhavana', 39 - chatrasAlapurA, lalitapura - 284403, uttarapradeza, phona - (05176) 272640, 273747, 2002 I., bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 18- insTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI roDa, naIdillI- 110003 se prakAzanAdhIna / 'mUkamAtI' ('mUkamATI' kA marAThI rUpAntara), anuvAdaka - muni zrI samAdhisAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzakabhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 18- insTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI roDa, naI dillI- 110003, prathama AvRtti2002, pRSTha-32+488, mUlya - 150 rupae / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke 64 cayanita kAvyAMzoM para rekhAcitrAMkana - citrakAra - prakAza mANikasA rAULa, zikSaka - sItAbAI saMgaI kanyA zAlA, saMgaI skUla ke sAmane, aMjanagA~va surjI- 444705, jilA-amarAvatI, mahArASTra, phona - (07224) 242962, 242079, 2004I., meM taiyAra kie gae citra, 'mUkamATI-mImAMsA' (tIna khaNDa) meM prakAzita / 'mUkamATI' kA baMgalA rUpAntaraNa, anuvAdaka - bra. zAntikumAra jaina, terApanthI koThI, madhuvana- - sammeda zikharajI, giriDIha, jhArakhaNDa, phona - (06528) 232228, 232222, 2005 I., aprakAzita / Silent Soil (Mukamati) Author - Aacharya Vidyasagar, Translated by- Gyan Chand Biltiwala, Biltiwala House, Behind Rajasthan School of Arts, Kishanpole Bazar, Jaipur - 302003, Rajsthan, Phone ( 0141) 2313970, 2372640, Published by- Bhagwan Rishabhdev Granthmala, Shri Digamber Jain Atishaya Kshetra, Mandir Sanghiji, Sanganer, Jaipur, Rajsthan, Ph. - (0141) 2730390, Fax - 2731952, First Edition-- 2005, Page 42+512, Price-- 150/-. 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA kannar3a kAvyAnuvAda- anuvAdaka - zrI bI. pI. nyAmagaur3A, prophe. kannar3a vibhAga, kusumAvatI mirajI kalA evaM vANijya mahAvidyAlaya, ber3akIhALa - 591 214, tAlukA cikkor3I, belagAma, karnATaka, phona - (08338) 262598, 2005 I., prakAzanAdhIna /
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________________ (Ga) digambara jainAcArya santa ziromaNi 108 zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ke vipula vAGmaya sambandhI zodhakArya DI. liT. (1) 'mUkamATI' : cetanA ke svara (DI. liT., 1997, hindI vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya, nAgapura - 440001, mahArASTra zodhArthI nivAsa prakAzaka vizvavidyAlaya zodhArthI samparka sUtra (2) svAtantryottara hindI jaina sAhitya aura AcArya vidyAsAgara ke samagra sAhitya kA anuzIlana ( DI. liT., apUrNa, 1992, hindI vibhAga ) DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470003, madhyapradeza DaoN. surendra kumAra jaina 'bhAratI', variSTha sahAyaka prAdhyApaka- hindI vibhAga, sevA sadana mahAvidyAlaya, burahAnapura - 450331, madhyapradeza, phona - (07325) 254926 nivAsa nidezaka ela 65, nyU indirA nagara -e, ahiMsA mArga, burahAnapura 450 331, madhyapradezaphona - (00325) 257662 DaoN. balabhadra tivArI, pUrva hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara 400003 madhyapradeza dube TrasTa bilDiMga, paoNvara hAUsa ke sAmane, sAgara 400001, madhyapradeza, phona - (07582) 224477 nivAsa (3) mahAmanISI AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara : jIvana evaM sAhityika avadAna (DI. liT., apUrNa, 1993, hindI vibhAga ) zodhArthI nivAsa prakAzaka samparka sUtra - vizvavidyAlaya zodhArthI nivAsa - (sva.) DaoN. vimala kumAra jaina, pUrva hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa DaoN. jAkira husaina kaoNleja, dillI vizvavidyAlaya, dillI 29/23, zakti nagara, dillI- 110007, phona - (011) 20451560, 27436140 jJAnodaya saMsthAna, jaina bAga, vIra nagara, sahAranapura 240001, uttarapradeza prathamAvRtti 1996, pRSTha- 20676, mUlya 100 rupae rAjendra kumAra jaina, 8/1127, jaina bAga, vIra nagara, sahAranapura, phona - (0132) 2658848 (ni.), 2724423 (du.) / nirmala kumAra jaina, jaina bAga, vIra nagara, sahAranapura- 247001, phona - (0132) 2742186, 2746815 (4) AcArya jJAnasAgara evaM AcArya vidyAsAgara praNIta saMskRta sAhitya meM dharma, darzana evaM samAja kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ( DI. liT., zodharata, saMskRta vibhAga ) prakAzaka samparka sUtra - DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara', pUrva pAnI evaM prAkRta vibhAgAdhyakSa, nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya, nAgapura - 440001, mahArASTra 113- tukArAma cAla, nyU eksaTeMzana eriyA, sadara, nAgapura - 440001, mahArASTra, phona - (0712) 2541026 banavArIlAla baMzIdhara jejAnI ceriTebala TrasTa, bhAjI maNDI, itavArI, nAgapura - 440 002 evaM Aloka prakAzana, sanmati risarca insTITyUTa oNpha iNDolaoNjI, 113- nyU eksaTeMzana eriyA, sadara, nAgapura - 440001, mahArASTraprathamAvRtti 1995, pRSTha 8+346 mUlya 50 rupae RSabha kumAra jejAnI, purohita DAlaDA kampanI ke sAmane, ghATa roDa, nAgapura, mahArASTra mo. 98231 - 16209, phona - (0712) 2762177 (kA.), 2779045 (ni.) - - - DaoN. bhImarAva ambeDakara vizvavidyAlaya, AgarA- 282004, uttarapradeza DaoN. ajita kumAra jaina, rIDara-saMskRta vibhAga, epha. bI. kaoNleja, alIgar3ha-202002, uttarapradeza jaina galI, dhUliyAgaMja, AgarA - 282003, uttarapradeza, mo. 94126-52568, phona - (0562) 2620302 pIeca. DI. (5) saMskRta zataka paramparA evaM AcArya vidyAsAgara ke zataka (pIeca. DI., 1984, saMskRta vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya - DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara 470003 madhyapradeza zodhArthI nivAsa DaoN. zrImatI AzAlatA malaiyA, prAdhyApikA evaM adhyakSa-saMskRta vibhAga, zAsakIya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, sAgara sIniyara eca. AI. jI. -41, dvArikA vihAra, emplaoNyameNTa eksaceMja ke pIche, tilI grAma sAgara 470002, madhyapradeza, phona - (07582) 220135 zrI bAbUlAla jaina, jayazrI Aila milsa, gavalIpArA, durga, chattIsagar3ha, prathamAvRtti - maI, 1989, pRSTha - 30+472 sureza jaina, durga, phona - (0788) 2211704 (ni.), 2210104, 2210304 (du.), mo. - 94252-43412
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 545 (6) saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM bIsavIM zatAbdI ke jaina manISiyoM kA yogadAna (pIeca. DI., 1992, saMskRta vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - DaoN. narendra siMha rAjapUta, adhyApaka-zAsakIya uccatara mAdhyamika vidyAlaya, paTerA, damoha, madhyapradeza phona- (07605)272301, 272305 nivAsa mar3iyA devIsIMga, tahasIla- paTerA- 470772, jilA- damoha, madhyapradeza nidezaka DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAgendu', pUrva prAdhyApaka-saMskRta vibhAga, zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, damoha, madhyapradeza nivAsa - 28, saroja sadana, sarasvatI kaoNlonI, damoha-470 661; madhyapradeza, phona-(07812) 231135 . prakAzaka AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, seThajI kI nasiyA, byAvara-305 901, ajamera, rAjasthAna evaMbhagavAn RSabhadeva granthamAlA, zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera-303 902, jayapura, rAjasthAna se saMyukta rUpa meM prakAzita, phona-(0141)2730390, prathama saMskaraNa-1996,pRSTha-16+304, mUlya-50rupae (7) hindI sAhitya kI santa kAvya paramparA ke pariprekSya meM AcArya vidyAsAgara ke kRtitva kA anuzIlana (pIeca. DI., 1993, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - DaoN. bArelAla jaina, saMvidA prAdhyApaka-mahAkavi kezava adhyApana evaM anusandhAna kendra, avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya rIvA-486003, madhyapradeza, phona-(07662)231372 / / nivAsa zrI digambara jaina mandira parisara, kaTarA, rIvA-486 002, madhyapradeza, phona-(07662)406786, mo.94243-37846 nidezaka DaoN. ke. ela. jaina, prAcArya-zAsakIya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, TIkamagar3ha, madhyapradeza evaM pUrva salAhakAra sadasya- rakSA mantrAlaya, bhArata sarakAra, naI dillI nivAsa nUtana vihAra kaoNlonI, DhauMgA, TIkamagar3ha-472 001, madhyapradeza phona-(07683)240907(ni.), 242335 (kA.), mo. 94258-82320 prakAzaka nirgrantha sAhitya prakAzana samiti, pI-4, kalAkAra sTrITa, kolakAtA-700 007, pazcima baMgAla, phona-(033) 22748879, 22746049 (ni.), 22748734, 22748241 (kA.), pheksa-22597786, mo. 98310-10717 prathama saMskaraNa-1998, pRSTha-22+254, mUlya-45 rupae (8) jaina darzana ke sandarbha meM muni zrI vidyAsAgara jI ke sAhitya kA anuzIlana (pIeca. DI., 1993, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - DaoN. (zrImatI) kiraNa jaina, dharmapatnI-DaoN. jinendra kumAra jaina, variSTha pravaktA-vANijya vibhAga DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara, madhyapradeza nivAsa - 117, je. ke. hAusa, levara korTa ke pIche, manoramA kaoNlonI, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza phona-(07582) 237353, 221246 / nidezaka prophesara DaoN. sureza AcArya, pUrva adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara, madhyapradeza mudrita grantha nAma - 'jaina darzana aura muni vidyAsAgara' prakAzaka Aditya pablizarsa, jogezvarI mAtA kAmpleksa, pAThaka vArDa, bInA-470 113, sAgara, madhyapradeza phona-(07580)220644 (ni.), 221372 (kA.), prathamAvRtti-2001, pRSTha-14+378, mUlya-450 rupae (9) AcArya vidyAsAgara : vyaktitva evaM kAvya kalA (pIeca. DI., 1996, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - mohanalAla sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura-313001, rAjasthAna zodhArthI - DaoN. (zrImatI) mAyA jaina, dharmapatnI DaoN. udaya candra jaina, eso. prophe. evaM adhyakSa-jaina vidyA evaM prAkRta vibhAga, mohanalAla sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura-313 001, rAjasthAna nivAsa piu kujja, 3-aravinda nagara, jaina sthAnaka ke pAsa, udayapura-313 001, rAjasthAna, phona-(0294) 2491974 nidezaka DaoN. pI. Ara. mAlIvAla, esozieTa prophesara-hindI vibhAga, mohanalAla sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura 313 001, rAjasthAna prakAzaka bhagavAn RSabhadeva granthamAlA, zrI digambara jaina mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera-303902, jayapura, rAjasthAna phona-(0141) 2730390, prathamAvRtti-1997, pRSTha-52+332, mUlya-50 rupae
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________________ 546 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA (10) AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kRta 'mUkamATI' kA sAMskRtika anuzIlana (pIeca. DI. 1998, hindI vibhAga ) paM. ravizaMkara zukla vizvavidyAlaya, rAyapura - 492010, chattIsagar3ha vizvavidyAlaya zodhArthI nivAsa nidezaka nivAsa zodhArthI nivAsa nidezaka (11) jaina viSaya vastu se sambaddha Adhunika hindI mahAkAvyoM meM sAmAjika cetanA (pIeca. DI., 1999, hindI vibhAga ) devI ahilyA vizvavidyAlaya, indaura 452001 madhyapradeza vizvavidyAlaya zodhArthI nivAsa nidezaka - vizvavidyAlaya zodhArthI - pUrva nidezaka (12) 'kAmAyanI' aura 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA kAvyazAstrIya adhyayana (pIeca. DI., 2001, hindI vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA- 486003 madhyapradeza nivAsa nidezaka - zodhArthI nivAsa nidezaka - - nivAsa gAyatrI nagara, rIvA, madhya pradeza, phona - (07662) 230515 (13) AcArya vidyAsAgara kI loka dRSTi aura unake kAvya kA kalAgata anuzIlana (pIeca. DI., 2002, hindI vibhAga ) barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla- 462026, madhyapradeza - DaoN. (zrImatI) sunItA dube, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA hindI vibhAga, esa. esa. ela. jaina mahAvidyAlaya, vidizA - 464001, madhyapradeza dvArA rameza dube, makAna naM. 110, gA~dhI nagara kaoNlonI, TIlAkher3I roDa, vidizA - 464001 madhyapradeza - DaoN. zIlacandra jaina pAlI vAle, hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa esa. esa. ela. jaina mahAvidyAlaya, vidizA 464 001 madhyapradeza nivAsa 19, vAcanAlaya mArga, vidizA - 464001, madhyapradeza, phona - (07592) 231089 (14) hindI sAhitya kI santa kAvya paramparA ke pariprekSya meM AcArya vidyAsAgara jI ke sAhitya kA mUlyAMkana (pIeca. DI., 2003, hindI vibhAga ) DaoN. bhImarAva ambeDakara vizvavidyAlaya, AgarA- 282004, uttarapradeza DaoN. rAmanareza siMha yAdava - DaoN. candra kumAra jaina, sahAyaka prAdhyApaka- hindI vibhAga, zAsakIya digvijaya mahAvidyAlaya, rAjanAMdagAMva chattIsagar3ha - durgA cauka, digvijaya patha, rAjanAMdagA~va - 491441, chattIsagar3ha, phona - (07744) 225647 DaoN. gaNeza khare, pUrva prAcArya zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, ghumakA, rAjanAMdagAMva, chattIsagar3ha 'siddhi sadana', gAyatrI kaoNlonI, kamalA kaoNleja roDa, rAjanAMdagAMva 491441, chattIsagar3ha, phona - (07744) 225990 - vizvavidyAlaya zodhArthI nivAsa nivAsa (15) 'mUkamATI' kA zailIparaka anuzIlana (pIeca. DI., 2004, hindI vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya - barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla 462029 madhyapradeza - DaoN. (zrImatI) suzIlA sAlagiyA, pUrva prAcAryA klAtha mArkeTa kanyA vidyAlaya, gaNezagaMja, indaura - 452002, madhyapradeza phleTa naM. 4, megnama apArTameNTsa, samavasaraNa mandira ke pIche, sAutha tukogaMja, indaura, madhyapradeza DaoN. dilIpa cauhAna, prAdhyApaka hindI vibhAga, bI. esa. zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, depAlapura, indaura, madhyapradeza (sva.) DaoN. paramezvaradatta zarmA, pUrva prophesara hindI vibhAga, devI ahilyA vizvavidyAlaya, indaura, madhyapradeza - - - DaoN. saMjaya kumAra mizra (1) kRSNacandra mizra, balle basagar3I, grAma atarailA naM. 12, vhAyA cAkaghATa 486 226, rIvA, madhyapradeza (2) dvArA esa. esa. tivArI, subhASa mArga, urahaTa, royA 486 001 madhyapradeza prophesara (sva.) DaoN. kauzala prasAda mizra, hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa, mahAkavi kezava adhyApana evaM anusandhAna kendra, hindI vibhAga, avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya rIvA 486003 madhyapradeza ATo pArTsa vikretA, jyoti TaoNkIja kA caurAhA, mainapurI - 205001, uttarapradeza 146, kaTarA mainapurI 205001, uttarapradeza, phona - (05602) 240189 mArgadarzana (16) hindI mahAkAvya paramparA meM 'mUkamATI' kA anuzIlana (pIeca. DI., 2004, hindI vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara 470 003 madhyapradeza zodhArthI DaoN. (zrImatI) mInA jaina, dharmapatnI - sunIla jaina sunIla kirAnA sTorsa, mena roDa, obedullAgaMja - 464993, rAyasena, madhyapradeza, phona - (07480) 224510 DaoN. (zrImatI) madhubAlA guptA, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA hindI vibhAga, sarojinI nAyaDU zAsakIya snAtakottara kanyA svazAsI mahAvidyAlaya, zivAjI nagara, bhopAla, madhyapradeza DaoN. ratanacandra jaina, e-2, mAnasarovara, zAhapurA, bhopAla- 462039, madhyapradeza, phona - (0755) 2494666 DaoN. (zrImatI) amitA jaina, dharmapatnI manISa kumAra modI, cvAisa selyUzana malTI iNTaranezanala limiTeDa, 49/15.
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________________ zodhArthI nivAsa nivAsa nidezaka nivAsa (17) AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ke sAhitya meM udAtta mUlyoM kA anuzIlana (pIeca. DI., 2004, hindI vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-400003 madhyapradeza nidezaka vizvavidyAlaya zodhArthI nivAsa vizvavidyAlaya zodhArthI nivAsa nidezaka nivAsa - nidezaka nivAsa (19) AcArya vidyAsAgara - nivAsa (18) AcArya vidyAsAgara ke sAhitya meM jIvana-mUlya (pIeca. DI., 2006, hindI vibhAga ) avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA 486003 madhyapradeza zodhArthI nivAsa nidezikA nivAsa - zodhArthI nivAsa nidezaka - - - - kAlakAjI, naI dillI- 110019 je - 1/130, DI. DI. e. phleTsa, kAlakAjI, naI dillI- 110019, mo. 98730-01553 DaoN. (zrImatI) saroja guptA, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA zAsakIya snAtakottara kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, sAgara, madhyapradeza dvArA DaoN. harimohana guptA, jI-4/1, jI. e. DI. kaoNlonI, sAgara 400002, madhyapradeza, phona - (07582) 226718 DaoN. razmi jaina, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA hindI vibhAga, zAsakIya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, bInA 470 113, madhyapradeza dineza TreDarsa, sarvodaya cauka, bInA- 400112, sAgara, madhyapradeza, phona - (07580) 223628, (20) santa kavi AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kI sAhitya sAdhanA (pIeca. DI. zodharata, hindI vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya - mo. 94254-53251 DaoN. (zrImatI) sandhyA Tikekara, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA hindI, zAsakIya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, bInA - 470 112. sAgara, madhyapradeza - mUkamATI mImAMsA 547 :: 'samAdhAna', kAnUnago vArDa, bInA 470 112, sAgara, madhyapradeza, phona - (07580) 223873,mo.93297-83833 zrImatI nidhi guptA, dharmapatnI subhASa candra guptA dvArA Ara. pI. vyAsa, bI 3, vidyA bihAra, jaina mandira ke pAsa, padmanAbhapura, durga, chattIsagar3ha, mo. - 078831-29992 pro. DaoN. ke. ela. jaina, prAcArya zAsakIya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, TIkamagar3ha 402 001 madhyapradeza - nUtana vihAra kaoNlonI, DauMgA, TIkamagar3ha - 472001 madhyapradeza, phona - (07683)240907, mo. 94258- 82320 , ke 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA anuzIlana (pIeca. DI., 2007, hindI vibhAga ) DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara 470 003 madhyapradeza zrImatI nidhi e. jaina 'devA' (1) eca. 79, ema.AI.jI. kaoNlonI, indaura, madhyapradeza, mobA. 98267-98250, 98260-32959 (2) sumati candra jaina, asTona kuTIra nagara bhavana ke sAmane, TIkamagar3ha-402 001 madhyapradeza phona - (07683) 242060 pro. DaoN. ke. ela. jaina, prAcArya zAsakIya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, TIkamagar3ha - 472001 madhyapradeza nUtana vihAra kaoNlonI, DhauMgA, TIkamagar3ha-472001, madhyapradeza, phona - (07683) 240907, mo. 94258-82320 " bundelakhaNDa vizvavidyAlaya, kAnapura roDa, jhA~sI - 284128, uttarapradeza zrImatI rAjazrI jaina, dharmapatnI - saMjIva kumAra jaina (21) bhakti kAvya ke mUlya aura AcArya vidyAsAgara kA kAvya (pIeca. DI., zodharata hindI vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA 486003 madhyapradeza jI. eca. 14/843, pazcima vihAra, naI dillI, mobA. 093100-76763, 093136-86627 DaoN. kusuma guptA, roTara hindI vibhAga, bundelakhaNDa snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, jhAMsI-284002 uttarapradeza 399/6, sI.pI. mizana kampAuNDa, jhAMsI, uttarapradeza, phona (0510) 2444225, mo. 094940 - 31550 nivAsa (22) jaina darzana aura zaiva darzana meM sAmya tathA vaiSamya - mUkamATI' va 'kAmAyanI' ke vizeSa sandarbha meM (pIeca. DI., zodharata hindI vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya ku. zAlinI guptA suputrI - sundaralAla guptA, vidyAsAgara mArga, gaharavAra presa roDa, purAnI sindhI mila ke pAsa, kotamA 484334, anUpapura, madhyapradeza, phona - (07658) 234006 (komalacanda jaina) DaoN. zrImatI urmilA dvivedI, prAdhyApaka evaM adhyakSa- hindI vibhAga, zAsakIya ThAkura raNamatasiMha mahAvidyAlaya, rIvA - 486002, madhyapradeza ma. na. 283, mArutI skUla ke pAsa, neharU nagara, rIvA, madhyapradeza, phona (07662) 231520, mo. 94258-74045. guru ghAsIdAsa vizvavidyAlaya bilAsapura 495009 chattIsagar3ha 1
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________________ 548 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA zodhArthI nivAsa nidezaka phona - (07771) 241323 prophe. (DaoN.) ziva prasAda mizra, adhiSThAtA kalA saMkAya, guru ghAsIdAsa vizvavidyAlaya, bilAsapura, chattIsagar3ha adhyakSa- hindI vibhAga, sI. ema. DI. (pI. jI.) kaoNleja, bilAsapura- 495002, chattIsagar3ha phona - (07752) 225177 nivAsa basa sTeNDa, bilAsapura- 495002, chattIsagar3ha, phona - (07752) 222298 (23) Adhunika hindI kAvya ke vikAsa meM AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kA yogadAna (pIeca. DI., zodharata, hindI vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya jIvAjI vizvavidyAlaya, gvAliyara 474011 madhyapradeza zodhArthI nivAsa nidezaka nivAsa saha-nidezaka vizvavidyAlaya zodhArthI nidezaka - - zodhArthI nivAsa nidezaka nivAsa - vizvavidyAlaya - - nivAsa (24) AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kA bahuAyAmI vyaktitva evaM kRtitva (pIeca. DI., zodharata, saMskRta vibhAga ) DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-400003 madhyapradeza - zrImatI arpaNA jaina 'sonU', suputrI zrI santoSa kumAra jaina (1) zrImatI arpaNA jaina dvArA prAcI Dresesa, dube kAmpleksa, sadara bAjAra, bilAsapura, chattIsagar3ha mo. 98265-89420, 94941-63000 (2) dineza eNDa kampanI, vastra vikretA, jaina mandira ke sAmane, manendragar3ha 497442, koriyA, chattIsagar3ha - - prazAnta kumAra jaina kirAnA marceNTa, digambara jaina bar3A maMdira ke pAsa, rAghaugar3ha 403226, gunA, madhyapradeza phona (0544) nivAsa (25) AcArya vidyAsAgara : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva (pIeca. DI., apUrNa, saMskRta vibhAga ) barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla- 462026 madhyapradeza - vizvavidyAlaya zodhArthino nivAsa nidezaka nivAsa (26) AcArya vidyAsAgara kI hindI sAhitya ko dena (pIeca. DI., apUrNa, hindI vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara 470 003 madhyapradeza - 262352, 222354, mo. 99266-10326 DaoN. dinakara vI. peMDhArakara, pUrva prAcArya zAsakIya snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, gunA, madhyapradeza - maTakarI kaoNlonI, gunA, madhyapradeza, phona - (07542) 255057 DaoN. satIzacandra caturvedI, sahAyaka prAdhyApaka zAsakIya snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, gunA, madhyapradeza sisodiyA kaoNlonI, gunA, madhyapradeza, phona - (07542) 256924, mo. 98933-84831 - - 1 suzrI saMgItA jaina dvArA zrI DI.sI. jaina, Ara. Ara. bI. vasundharA kaoNlonI, damoha 400 661 madhyapradeza DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAgendu', pUrva saciva ma. pra. saMskRta akAdamI, bhopAla, madhyapradeza, pUrvaprAdhyApaka evaM adhyakSa- saMskRta vibhAga, zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, damoha, madhyapradeza, nidezaka- saMskRta - prAkRta - jainavidyA zodha kendra, damoha - 470661, madhyapradeza, mo. 94254-55338 28, saroja sadana, prophesara kaoNlonI, damoha 470 661, madhyapradeza, phona (07812) 221135 zrImatI maMjulatA jaina, dharmapatnI ravi kumAra jaina - (1) ravi kumAra jaina, AkAzavANI kendra, sAgara-470001, madhyapradeza, phona - (07582) 222039 (2) subhASa ATA cakkI ke pAsa, vipatapurA kaoNlonI, po. magaradhA narasiMhapura, madhyapradeza, phona - (07092) 236282 DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAgendu', pUrva saciva - madhyapradeza saMskRta akAdamI, bhopAla, madhyapradeza evaM pUrva saMskRta vibhAgAdhyakSazAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, damoha, madhyapradeza 28, saroja sadana, sarasvatI kaoNlonI, damoha 470661, madhyapradeza, phona - (07812)231135 zrImatI prabhA siMghaI, dharmapatnI-prakAza siMghaI hU~r3A vAle siMghaI mazInarI sTorsa, bar3AgA~va dhasAna- 472010, TIkamagar3ha, madhyapradeza, phona - (07683) 257247 pro. DaoN. ke. ela. jaina, prAcArya zAsakIya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, TIkamagar3ha- 472001 madhyapradeza nUtana vihAra kaoNlonI, DhIMgA, TIkamagar3ha 402001, madhyapradeza, phona - (07683) 240907, mo. 94258-82320 - ema. phila. (20) 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke pratIkoM kA vaijJAnika vizleSaNa (ema. phila., laghu zodha prabandha, 1990, tulanAtmaka bhASA evaM saMskRti vibhAga ) barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla 462026 madhyapradeza -
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 549 zodhArthI rameza candra mizra, prAdhyApaka-hindI vibhAga, sAdhu vAsavAnI DigrI kaoNleja, bairAgar3ha, bhopAla, madhyapradeza nidezaka DaoN. vRSabha prasAda jaina, rIDara-tulanAtmaka bhASA evaM saMskRti vibhAga, barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla, madhyapradeza samprati - prophesara evaM nidezaka-bhASA kendra, mahAtmA gA~dhI antararASTrIya hindI vizvavidyAlaya, 1/12, sekTara-eca, alIgaMja, lakhanaU, uttarapradeza phona-(0522)2761543, mo. 2000268, pheksa-2761543, mo. 94155-01976 nivAsa - bI-1/32, sekTara-jI, alIgaMja, lakhanaU-226 024, uttarapradeza, phona-(0522)2732703 prakAzaka - zakti prakAzana, 58-sultAniyA roDa, bhopAla, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1992, pRSTha-64, mUlya-50 rupae (28) 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM rasoM evaM bimboM kA anuzIlana (ema. phila., laghu zodha prabandha, 2000, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI saMjaya mizra nivAsa dvArA- kRSNa candra mizra, balle basagar3I, grAma va po. atarailA naM. 12, vhAyA-cAkaghATa, tahasIla-tyauMthara, jilA-rIvA, madhyapradeza nidezaka DaoN. dineza kuzavAha, rIDara evaM adhyakSa -mahAkavi kezava adhyApana evaM anusandhAna kendra, hindI vibhAga, avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza, phona (07662) 231372 nivAsa - epha-1, vizvavidyAlaya parisara, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza, phona-(07662) 231929, mo. 94258-47022 (29) AcArya vidyAsAgara aura unakA kAvya : eka anuzIlana (ema.phila., laghu zodha prabandha, 2001, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - zrImatI kRSNA paTaila, dvArA-ambikA prasAda paTaila, prakSetrasatata vistAra adhikArI-kRSi mahAvidyAlaya, rIvA, madhyapradeza nivAsa - jI-10, prophesara kaoNlonI, par3arA, rIvA, madhyapradeza, phona-(07662) 220284, mo. 94258-74659 nidezaka (sva.) DaoN. kauzala prasAda mizra, AcArya evaM hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa, mahAkavi kezava adhyApana evaM anusandhAna kendra, hindI vibhAga, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza nivAsa - gAyatrI nagara, rIvA (madhyapradeza), phona-(07662) 230515 (30) AcArya vidyAsAgara viracita 'paJcazatI' kA sAhityika mUlyAMkana (ema. phila., laghu zodha prabandha, 2001, saMskRta-pAlI evaM prAkRta vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - kurukSetra vizvavidyAlaya, kurukSetra-136 119, hariyANA zodhArthI - suzIlA yAdava nidezaka - DaoN. zrIcandra jaina, pravaktA-hindI vibhAga, kizanalAla kaoNleja, revAr3I-123 401, hariyANA nivAsa - 200, ema. kRSNA nagara, revAr3I-123 401, hariyANA, phona-(01274) 254315, mo. 094166-06198 (31) AcArya vidyAsAgara ke dohA-dohana : eka anuzIlana (ema. phila., laghu zodha prabandha, 2004, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - suzrI sunItA devI mizrA, suputrI-devarAja mizrA nivAsa - (1) mu.po. damehar3I, tahasIla-rAjendragrAma (puSparAjagar3ha), anUpapura, madhyapradeza (2) dvArA - nArAyaNa prasAda dIkSita, gautama kaoNlonI, rAjendragrAma (puSparAjagar3ha), anUpapura, madhyapradeza phona-(07629)268511 nidezaka DaoN. dineza kuzavAha, rIDara evaM adhyakSa, mahAkavi kezava adhyApana evaM anusandhAna kendra, hindI vibhAga, avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza, phona-(07662) 231372 nivAsa - epha-1, vizvavidyAlaya parisara, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza, phona-(07662) 231929, mo. 94258-47022 (32) 'cetanA ke gaharAva meM': AcArya vidyAsAgara jI kA kAvya - cintana (ema. phila., laghu zodha prabandha, 2006, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - vibhA tivArI, suputrI-zrI ramezaprasAda tivArI, grAma-rorA, posTa-DihiyA (govindagar3ha), rIvA, madhyapradeza phona-(07662) 682574, mo. 98265-27767 nidezaka DaoN. dineza kuzavAhA, rIDara evaM adhyakSa - mahAkavi kezava adhyApana evaM anusaMdhAna kendra hindI vibhAga, avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza, phona - (07662) 231372
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________________ 550:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA nivAsa epha-1, vizvavidyAlaya parisara, avadhezapratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA- 486003, madhyapradeza phona - (07662) 231929, mo. 94258-47022 (33) AcArya vidyAsAgara ke kAvya meM rASTrIya cetanA (ema. phila., laghu zodha prabandha 2007, hindI vibhAga ) avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA - 486003 (madhyapradeza) zrImatI priyaMkA bauddha, dharmapatnI- zrI sI. ela. bauddha grAma zAhapura, po. kakalapura, taha, amarapATana, jilA- satanA, madhyapradeza, mo. 93292-90899, 98205 - 16458 DaoN. dineza kuzavAhA, rohara evaM adhyakSa mahAkavi kezava adhyApana evaM anusaMdhAna kendra, hindI vibhAga avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA- 486003, madhyapradeza, phona - (07662) 231372 epha-1, vizvavidyAlaya parisara, avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA- 486002, madhyapradeza phona - (07662) 231929. mo. 94258-40022 vizvavidyAlaya zodhArthI nivAsa nidezaka nivAsa nivAsa nidezaka ema. eDa. (34) AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara ke vyaktitva evaM zaikSika vicAroM kA adhyayana (ema. eDa., laghu zodha prabandha, 1992, zikSA vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara 400003 madhyapradeza zodhArthinI zodhArthI nivAsa nidezaka - nivAsa - - vizvavidyAlaya zodhArthI nidezaka nivAsa .. nivAsa ela.AI. jI. - 22, padmAkara kaoNlonI, makaroniyA, sAgara-470004, madhyapradeza, phona - (07582) 231875 (35) AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI kI kRti 'mUkamATI' kA zaikSika anuzIlana (ema. eDa., laghu zodha prabandha, 1992 zikSA vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara 470003 madhyapradeza - - -- - - ema. e. (36) 'mUkamATI mahAkAvya vizvavidyAlaya zodhArthI nivAsa - zrImatI pratibhA jaina, zikSikA liTila sTAra pablika skUla, makaroniyA- 400004, sAgara, madhyapradeza zAnti vihAra kaoNlonI, makaroniyA, sAgara-400004, madhyapradeza, phona - (07582) mo. 311558 DaoN. bI. pI. zrIvAstava, pUrva pustakAlayAdhyakSa vizvavidyAlayIna zikSA mahAvidyAlaya, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza; samprati-korsa ko-ArDineTara DisTeMsa ejUkezana, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza; prAcArya vidyAsAgara kaoNleja, sAgara - zrImatI pratibhA jaina, zikSikA - liTila sTAra pablika skUla, makaroniyA- 470004, sAgara, madhyapradeza zAnti vihAra kaoNlonI, makaroniyA, sAgara-470004, madhyapradeza, phona - (07582) mo. 311558 DaoN. bI. pI. zrIvAstava, pUrva pustakAlayAdhyakSa vizvavidyAlayIna zikSA mahAvidyAlaya, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara -470003, madhyapradeza samprati-korsa ko-ArDineTara DisTeMsa ejUkezana, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470003, madhyapradeza; prAcArya - vidyAsAgara - kaoNleja, sAgara ela.AI. jI. - 22, padmAkara kaoNlonI, makaroniyA, sAgara-470004, madhyapradeza, phona - (07582) 231875 nidezaka nivAsa " (37) AcArya vidyAsAgara jI kRta 'mUkamATI': eka adhyayana (ema. e., laghu zodha prabandha, 1991 hindI vibhAga ) rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura- 302004, rAjasthAna nareza candra goyala (sva.) pro. DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata, pUrva hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura, rAjasthAna dvArA DaoN. saMjIva bhAnAvata, sI-235-e, dayAnanda mArga, tilaka nagara, jayapura - 302003, rAjasthAna phona - (0141) 2620944, 2622862 (ni.), 2703903 (kA.), mo. 94240- 73466 eka anuzIlana (ema. e., laghu zodha prabandha, 1990 hindI vibhAga ) avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA 486002, madhyapradeza zrImatI kalpanA jaina, dharmapatnI- aravinda kumAra jaina ena. sI. pI. eca. kaoNlarI, posTa haldIvAhI, ciramirI 497451, koriyA, chattIsagar3ha, phona - (00001) 261544, pro. DaoN. ke. ela. jaina, prAcArya zAsakIya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, TIkamagar3ha 472001 madhyapradeza nUtana vihAra kaoNlonI, DauMgA, TIkamagar3ha - 472001 madhyapradeza, phona - (07683) 240907 mo. 94258-82320 -
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 551 (38) AcArya kavi vidyAsAgara jI ke prabandha 'mUkamATI' kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (ema. e., laghu zodha prabandha, 1992, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - gujarAta vizvavidyAlaya, ahamadAbAda-380 009, gujarAta zodhArthI mehera prasAda yAdava, ela. DI. ArTsa kaoNleja, ahamadAbAda, gujarAta nidezaka DaoN. zekhara candra jaina, hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa evaM prAcArya-zrImatI sadaguNA sI. yU. ArTsa kaoNleja, ahamadAbAda, gujarAta nivAsa __ - 25-ziromaNI baMgaloja, bar3odarA eksapresa hAive ke sAmane, sI. TI. ema. cAra rAstA ke pAsa ahamadAbAda-380 026, gujarAta, phona-(079) 25850744, 25851771, pheksa-25850744 (39) AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI kRta 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya : eka sAhityika mUlyAMkana (ema. e., laghu zodha prabandha, 1992, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla-462 026, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - zrImatI sImA jaina, dharmapatnI-saMjIva kumAra jaina nivAsa - zrI jJAnacandra jaina, vinaya janarala sTorsa, basa sTeNDa ke pAsa, gyArasapura, vidizA, madhyapradeza phona-(07596)263055 (du.), 263155 (ni.) nidezaka - DaoN. je. pI. nemA, hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa, zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, barelI-464 669, rAyasena, madhyapradeza (40) AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI kI 'mUkamATI' kA samIkSAtmaka dArzanika anuzIlana (ema. e., laghu zodha prabandha, 1997, darzanazAstra vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla-462 026, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - zrImatI anItA jaina, dharmapatnI-zrI zambhU kumAra jaina nivAsa zrI zambhU kumAra jaina, mairI meDIkala, relve sTezana jaina mandira ke pAsa, vidizA-464 001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07592) 235126 (du.), 233679 (ni.) nidezaka DaoN. pradIpa khare, sahAyaka prAdhyApaka-darzana vibhAga, zAsakIya hamIdiyA kalA evaM vANijya mahAvidyAlaya, bhopAla, madhyapradeza (41) AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ke saMskRta zatakoM kA sAhityika anuzIlana (ema. e., laghu zodha prabandha, 2001, saMskRta vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - devI ahilyA vizvavidyAlaya, indaura-452 001, madhyapradeza zodhArthI ___ - Aditya kumAra varmA nivAsa - 101, bAlAjI apArTameNTsa, 24-TelIphona nagara, kanADiyA mArga, indaura-452001, madhyapradeza nidezikA - DaoN. (zrImatI) saMgItA mehatA, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA-saMskRta vibhAga, zAsakIya kalA evaM vANijya mahAvidyAlaya, indaura, madhyapradeza nivAsa - 'mayaMka', I. eca.-37, skIma naM. 54, indaura-452 010, madhyapradeza, phona-(0731) 2558272 pRSTha 322 pAtrakIgatiko ammAgatakAvAsa prArambhamA:
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA tRtIya khaNDa pariziSTa : tRtIya lekhakoM ke pate (kucheka lekhakoM ke divaMgata ho jAne ke bAvajUda, zodhArthiyoM kI suvidhA ke lie, unake tatkAlIna pate diye gaye haiN|) DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave, pUrva nidezaka-bhAratIya bhASA pariSada, kolakAtA, pazcima baMgAla, pUrva saciva-sAhitya akAdamI, naI dillI; pUrva pradhAna sampAdaka-cauthA saMsAra, dainika, indaura, madhyapradeza (ni.)-dvArA-zrImatI nIlUjI, cetanA sureza kohalI, I-180, greTara kailAza-pArTa-II, naI dillI-110048, phona-(011)29214488 AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI, pUrva prophesara-navIna ceyara; pUrva adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, vikrama vizvavidyAlaya, ujjaina, madhyapradeza (ni.)-2-sTeTa baiMka kaoNlonI, devAsa roDa, ujjaina-456 010, madhyapradeza, phona-(0734)2510772 DaoN. ziva prasAda koSTA, pUrva kulapati-rAnI durgAvatI vizvavidyAlaya, jabalapura, madhyapradeza; pUrva mahAnidezaka-maharSi maheza yogI vaidika vizvavidyAlaya, 871, nepiyara TAuna, jabalapura-482001, madhyapradeza; DAyarekTara-zrIrAma insTITyUTa oNpha TeknAlaoNjI, mAr3hotAla, AI. TI. AI. ke sAmane, jabalapura, madhyapradeza, phona-(0761)2640290-91, mo. 3104806 / / (ni.)-mahAkAlI mandira parisara, hitakAriNI uccatara mAdhyamika vidyAlaya, devatAla, gar3hA, jabalapura-482 003, madhyapradeza DaoN.rAmajI siMha (pUrva sAMsada), pUrva kulapati-jaina vizva bhAratI (mAnya vizvavidyAlaya) lADanUM, nAgaura, rAjasthAna; pUrva DAyarekTara-gA~dhIyana iMsTITyUTa oNpha sTaDIja; saciva-AcArya kula; adhyakSa-bihAra sarvodaya maNDala; pUrva prAcArya evaM vibhAgAdhyakSa-gA~dhI vicAra vibhAga, tilakA mAMjhI bhAgalapura vizvavidyAlaya, bhAgalapura-812007, bihAra (ni.)-bhIkanapura, bhAgalapura-812001, bihAra, phona-(0641)2420305 DaoN. zrIdhara vAsudeva sohonI, mAnada kulaguru-tilaka mahArASTra vidyApITha, vidyApITha bhavana, gulaTekar3I, pUnA-411037, mahArASTra (ni.)-manAlI, prabhAta roDa (15), pUnA-411 004, mahArASTra akSaya kumAra jaina, pUrva sampAdaka-navabhArata TAimsa, TAimsa oNpha iNDiyA presa,7-bahAdura zAha japhara mArga, naI dillI-110002 (ni.)-dvArA-vikrama jaina, sI-47, gulamohara pArka, naI dillI-110049, phona-(011)26863960, 26868955 DaoN.premazaMkara, pUrva AcArya-hindI vibhAga, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470003, madhyapradeza (ni.)-dvArA-DaoN. (zrImatI)zobhA zaMkara, sAIM neliyama, kulapati nivAsa ke bAjU meM,8-sivila lAinsa, sAgara-470 001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07582)228884, mo. 98262 25752 puSkara lAla keDiyA, DisTrikTa kamiznara-bhArata skAuTsa evaM gAiDsa, kolakAtA-700 006, pazcima baMgAla pradhAna sacivazrI vizuddhAnanda haoNspiTala eNDa risarca insTITyUTa, kolakAtA, pazcima baMgAla (ni.)-'manISikA'-zodha-saMskRti-saMskAra-sevA-saMsthAna, 43-kailAza bosa sTrITa, kolakAtA-700006, pazcima baMgAla, phona-(033)23603832 (ni.), 23502967, 23512436 (hA.) prophesara (DaoN.) dilIpa siMha, pUrva prophesara evaM adhyakSa-dakSiNa bhArata hindI pracAra sabhA, ucca zikSA zodha saMsthAna, po. bA. naM. 82 khairatAbAda, haidarAbAda-500 004, Andhrapradeza (ni.)-mahanta bilDiMga, bArAkoTharI, zivagiri, dhAravAr3a-580007, karnATaka, phona-(0836)2779448 (ni.),2747763(kA.) DaoN. kailAza candra bhATiyA, pUrva prophesara-hindI tathA prAdezika bhASAe~, bhASA vijJAna vibhAga, lAla bahAdura zAstrI rASTrIya prazAsana akAdamI, masUrI-248179, uttarAMcala (ni.)-'nandana', bhAratI nagara, mairisa roDa, alIgar3ha-202001, uttarapradeza, phona-(0571)2406722 DaoN. jagamohana mizra, pUrva hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa-sI. ema. DI. pI.jI. kaoNleja, bilAsapura-495 002, chattIsagar3ha (ni.)-masjida ke pAsa, bar3I konI, AI. TI. AI., bilAsapura-495 001, chattIsagar3ha, phona-(07752)260100, mo. 98271-04288
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 553 10. 14. 17. pro. (DaoN.) mahAvIra sarana jaina, nivartamAna nidezaka-kendrIya hindI saMsthAna-bhArata sarakAra, hindI saMsthAna mArga, AgarA, uttarapradeza; pUrva adhyakSa-snAtakottara adhyayana evaM anusandhAna kendra, hindI evaM bhASA vijJAna vibhAga, rAnI durgAvatI vizvavidyAlaya, pacaper3hI, jabalapura-482 001, madhyapradeza (ni.)-suzIla kuMja, 123-hari enakleva kaoNlonI, cA~dapura roDa, bulandazahara-203001, uttarapradeza, phona-(05732)227981, 233089 pro. (DaoN.) Ananda prakAza dIkSita, pUrva prophesara evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga; samprati-mAnada supratiSTha AcArya (emireTasa prophesara) hindI vibhAga, pUnA vizvavidyAlaya, pUnA-411 007, mahArASTra (ni.)-'kalApI', 162/5-bI, 1-sI, DI. pI. roDa, auMdha, pUnA-411 007, mahArASTra, phona-(020)25884933 DaoN. sudhAkara gokAkakara, pUrva hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa-zivarAja kaoNleja, gaDahiMglaja-416502, kolhApura, mahArASTra (ni.)-'IzvaragaMgA' kAmpleksa, neharU patha, gaDahiMglaja-416502, kolhApura, mahArASTra, phona-(02327)222835 prophesara (DaoN.) satyaraMjana bandopAdhyAya (bainarjI), pUrva prAdhyApaka evaM adhyakSa-bhASA vijJAna vibhAga, kalakattA vizvavidyAlaya, AzutoSa bilDiMga, 87/1, kaoNleja sTrITa, kolakAtA-700 073, pazcima baMgAla; sampAdaka-jaina jarnala (zodha patrikA), jaina bhavana, pI-25, kalAkAra sTrITa, kolakAtA-700007, pazcima baMgAla (ni.)-DI-224, sekTara-1, sAlTa leka siTI, kolakAtA-700064, pazcima baMgAla, phona-(033)22410071, 22414984 / pro. (DaoN.) ratanacandra jaina, pUrva rIDara-saMskRta-prAkRta, tulanAtmaka bhASA evaM saMskRti vibhAga, barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla462 026, madhyapradeza (ni.)-sampAdaka-jinabhASita (mAsika), e-2, mAnasarovara, zAhapurA, bhopAla-462039, madhyapradeza, phona-(0755) 2424666 DaoN. ramAnAtha tripAThI, pUrva prAdhyApaka-hindI vibhAga, dillI vizvavidyAlaya, dillI-110007; sampAdaka-tulasI nirdezikA (madhyapradeza zAsana dvArA saMcAlita) (ni.)-26-vaizAlI, pItamapurA, naI dillI-110034, phona-(011)27211225, 27311225 DaoN. vizvanAtha bhaTTAcArya, 29-upendra nagara, durgAkuNDa, vArANasI-221 010, uttarapradeza, phona-(0542)2310235, 2310416 DaoN. hari nArAyaNa dIkSita, prAktana prophesara evaM adhyakSa-saMskRta vibhAga; pUrva adhiSThAtA-kalA saMkAya, kumAU~ vizvavidyAlaya, nainItAla263 001, uttarAMcala (ni.)-196-bar3A bAjAra, mallItAla, nainItAla-263 002, uttarAMcala, phona-(05942)236981 padmazrI rAmanArAyaNa upAdhyAya, sAhitya kuTIra, brAhmaNa purI, khaNDavA-450 001, madhyapradeza, phona-(0733)2227627 DaoN. sarajU prasAda mizra, pUrva adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, ismAila yusupha kaoNleja, jogezvarI (pUrva), mumbaI-400060, mahArASTrapUrva hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa-nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya, nAgapura-440 001, mahArASTra (ni.)-46-'lAlitya', paThAna le AuTa, riMga roDa, parasoDI prAimarI (nAgapura kAraporezana) skUla ke nikaTa, zivAjI putalA ke pAsa, trimUrtinagara, sambhAjI nagara, nAgapura-440 022, mahArASTra, phona-(0712)2225438, mo. 94221-48067 DaoN. vimaleza kumAra zrIvAstava, vizvavidyAlaya AcArya-hindI vibhAga, bAbAsAheba bhImarAva ambeDakara vizvavidyAlaya, mujaphpharapura842001, bihAra (ni.)-14-prAdhyApaka nivAsa, vizvavidyAlaya parisara, khabar3A roDa, mujaphpharapura-842001, bihAra devarSi kalAnAtha zAstrI, pUrva nidezaka-saMskRta zikSA vibhAga evaM rAjabhASA vibhAga, rAjasthAna sarakAra; adhyakSa-rAjasthAna saMskRta akAdamI, jayapura-302001, rAjasthAna; adhyakSa-maMjunAtha smRti saMsthAna (ni.)-sI-8, maMju nikuMja, pRthvIrAja roDa, sI. skIma, jayapura-302001, rAjasthAna, phona-(0141)2376008 pro. (DaoN.) devavrata jozI, pUrva prAdhyApaka-zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, ratalAma-457 001, madhyapradeza (ni.)-24-veda vyAsa kaoNlonI-2, AzIrvAda narsiMga homa ke pAsa, ratalAma-457001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07412)239477 prophesara (DaoN.) sudarzana lAla jaina, kalA saMkAya pramukha; adhyakSa-saMskRta vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya; kAryakArI nidezaka-bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI-221 005, uttarapradeza (ni.)-ela-1, tulasIdAsa kaoNlonI, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI-221 005, uttarapradeza, phona-(0542)2369334, mo. 94153-88218 DaoN. (kumArI) girijA rAnI mizrA, adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, sAhU rAmasvarUpa garlsa (pI. jI.) kaoNleja, barelI-243 005, uttarapradeza pro. (DaoN.) Ara. DI. mizra, pUrva prAcArya-zAsakIya kalA evaM vANijya mahAvidyAlaya, tilI roDa, sAgara, madhyapradeza; prAcArya-parIkSA pUrva prazikSaNa kendra, ma.pra. bhoja mukta vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla dvArA saMcAlita, dUra saMcAra oNphisa ke pAsa, sivila lAinsa, sAgara, madhyapradeza 20. 21. 22.
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________________ 554 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA (ni.) 'baserA' zAnti vihAra, makaroniyA, sAgara 470 004 madhyapradeza, phona - (07582) 230324 DaoN. zarezacandra culakImaTha, adhyakSa hindI vibhAga, karnATaka vizvavidyAlaya, dhAravAda 580002, karnATaka (ni.) - nIlacanda, phorTa, dhAravAda 580008, karnATaka 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 49. 43. . prophesara (DaoN.) phUlacanda jaina 'premI', prophesara evaM adhyakSa - jaina darzana vibhAga, sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI - 221010, uttarapradeza: rASTrIya adhyakSa bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina vidvat pariSada (ni.) - anekAnta bhavana, bI-23/45, pI-6, zAradA nagara kaoNlonI, navAbagaMja mArga, santoSI mA~ mandira ke sAmane, khojavAM, vArANasI221010, uttarapradeza, phona - (0542) 2315451 DaoN. kedAra nAtha pANDeya, sTrITa naM. 10, kvArTara naM. 33 bI, cittaraMjana 713331, pazcima baMgAla DaoN. tAlakezvara siMha, avakAza prApta yUnivarsiTI prophesara snAtakottara hindI vibhAga, magadha vizvavidyAlaya, bodhagayA - 804234, bihAra (ni.) - azokanagara, gayA- 823001, bihAra darzana lADa, 'samyak darzana', bI- 27/105 sundara nagara kAlonA, zAntAkrUja (pUrva), mumbaI - 400098, mahArASTra, phona - (022) 26653830, 26651909 DaoN. zambhU nAtha pANDeya, pUrva prophesara evaM adhyakSa hindI vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI- 221005, uttarapradeza vijiTiMga prophesara-nAtha IsTarna hila yUnivarsiTI, zilAMga - 793022, meghAlaya (ni.) 'svastikA, plATa naM. 86, bhagavAnapura (gaMgA pradUSaNa roDa), laMkA, vArANasI - 221005, uttarapradeza, phona - (0542) 2367356 pro. (DaoN.) eca. ena. mizra, pUrva adhyakSa-darzana vibhAga, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470003, madhyapradeza; pUrva nidezakamahAyAna senTara phaoNra buddhijma, nAgArjuna vizvavidyAlaya, guNTUra- 522510, Andhrapradeza (ni.) - DI- 62, sekTara- jI, alIgaMja, lakhanaU 226024, uttarapradeza, phona - (0522) 2371143 DaoN. hausilA prasAda siMha, prophesara - hindI vibhAga, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara 400003, madhyapradeza (ni.) - bI. DI. esa. 4, vizvavidyAlaya parisara, gaura nagara, sAgara-400003, madhyapradeza, phona - (07582) 264949 DaoN. vimala kumAra jaina, pUrva hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa - jAkira husaina kaoNleja, dillI vizvavidyAlaya, dillI- 110007 (ni.) 29 / 23, zakti nagara, dillI- 110007, phona - (011) 27451560, 20416140 DaoN. umeza prasAda siMha 'zAstrI' pUrva AcArya hindI vibhAga, rAMcI vizvavidyAlaya, rAMcI-834001, mArakhaNDa (ni.) -dvArA- brajeza kumAra, 12 / 10, yUnivarsiTI kaoNlonI, bariyAtU (po.), rA~cI - 834 009, jhArakhaNDa DaoN. nAgezvara siMha, prophesara snAtakottara hindI vibhAga, rAMcI vizvavidyAlaya, rAMcI-834008, jhArakhaNDa (ni.) varddhamAna kampAuNDa, pI. eNDa TI kaoNlonI ke samIpa, lAlapura, rAMcI-834008, jhArakhaNDa DaoN. ramApati rAya zarmA, pUrva rIDara evaM adhyakSa - hindI vibhAga, ziblI nezanala kaoNleja, Ajamagar3ha - 276001, uttarapradeza (ni.) dvArA vinoda kumAra rAma, 144 kundIgar3ha, kaTarA, Ajamagar3ha, uttarapradeza - DaoN. Ara. sI. zukla, pUrva prAcArya - zAsakIya mahilA mahAvidyAlaya, paMjAba bhavana ke pAsa, narasiMhapura roDa, chiMdavAr3A - 480002, madhyapradeza, phona - (07162) 236224 DaoN. zazi mudIrAja, prophesara - hindI vibhAga, haidarAbAda vizvavidyAlaya, po. senTrala yUnivarsiTI, haidarAbAda - 500 046, Andhrapradeza phona - (040) 23010500 Exten. 3450, pheksa - 23010003 (ni.)- e-33, phekalTI kvArTarsa haidarAbAda vizvavidyAlaya, po. senTrala yUnivarsiTI, haidarAbAda 500046, Andhrapradeza, phona - (040) 23010421 DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata, pUrva prophesara evaM adhyakSa - hindI vibhAga, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura; pUrva sampAdaka - jinavANI (mAsika) (ni.)-dvArA- DaoN. saMjIva bhAnAvata, esosieTa prophesara - patrakAritA evaM adhyakSa- janasaMcAra kendra, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura, rAjasthAna sI- 235 e, dayAnanda mArga, tilaka nagara, jayapura-302004, rAjasthAna, phona - (0141) 2620944, 2622862 (ni.), 2003903. mo. 94940- 73466 DaoN. (misa) pI. sI. sAlve, pUrva prAdhyApaka- hindI vibhAga, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, gaura nagara, sAgara 470003, madhyapradeza (ni.) - premadAna, homa phaoNra sIniyara siTIjansa, jayaprakAza mArga, mohana nagara, nAgapura - 440001, mahArASTra, phona - (0712) 2545116 - DaoN. pavana kumAra jaina, pUrva pravaktA - hindI vibhAga, kundakunda jaina snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, khataulI- 251201, mujaphpharanagara, uttarapradeza (ni.) -dvArA- AkAza jaina, lipika-kundakunda jaina snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, dIpacanda gaMjamaNDI, khataulI - 251201, mujaphpharanagara, uttarapradeza DaoN. mithileza kumArI mizra, anusandhAna padAdhikArI bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, sammelana bhavana, kadama kuA~ saidarapura, paTanA- 480004,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 555 52. bihAra, phona-(0612)2663504 (ni.), 2672336 (kA.) DaoN. yogezvarI zAstrI, pUrva hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa-leDI amRtabAI DaoNgI mahAvidyAlaya, gA~dhI nagara, nAgapura-400010, mahArASTra (ni.)-dvArA-DaoN. ajaya mitra zAstrI, 23-'prAcI, vidyA vihAra, rANApratApa nagara, nAgapura-440 022, mahArASTra,phona-(0712)2238996 prophesara akSaya kumAra jaina, pUrva prophesara-hindI vibhAga, gujarAtI kalA evaM vidhi mahAvidyAlaya, indaura, madhyapradeza (ni.)-bhAratI jyotiSa vidyA saMsthAna, 51/2, rAvajI bAjAra, indaura-452004, madhyapradeza, phona-(0731)2363650 DaoN. mahAvIra prasAda upAdhyAya, rIDara evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, hemavatI nandana bahuguNA snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, lAlagaMja-230 132, pratApagar3ha, uttarapradeza (ni.)-'savitA kuMja', lAlagaMja-230132, pratApagar3ha, uttarapradeza, phona-(05341)255510 DaoN. veda prakAza dvivedI, rIDara evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, atarrA snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, atarrA -210 201, bA~dA, uttarapradeza (ni.)-2/10, choTA DerA, DAkakhAne ke pAsa, atarrA-210 201, bA~dA, uttarapradeza, phona-(05191)211508 DaoN. bhagavAna dIna mizra, pUrva prophesara evaM adhyakSa-bhASA vijJAna vibhAga, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza (ni.)-sI-34, gaura nagara, vizvavidyAlaya parisara, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza, phona-(07582)264553 DaoN. rAmanArAyaNa siMha 'madhura', pUrva adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, sivanI-480 661, madhyapradeza (ni.)-bArApatthara, sivanI-480 661, madhyapradeza, phona-(07692)220738 pI. pI. DaoN. mRtyuMjaya upAdhyAya, pUrva prophesara evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, vinobA bhAve vizvavidyAlaya, hajArIbAga-825 301, jhArakhaNDa; pUrva sIniyara phelo-saMskRti mantrAlaya, bhArata sarakAra (ni.)-vRndAvana-7/27, rAjendra patha, dhanabAda-826001, jhArakhaNDa, phona-(0326)2205928 esa. ena. ThAkura, biDalA hAI skUla,1-moyarA sTrITa, kolakAtA-700016, pazcima baMgAla, phona-(033)22426217 DaoN. durgA zaMkara mizra, sevAnivRtta prAcArya-gopInAtha lakSmaNadAsa rastogI iNTara kaoNleja, aiza bAga, lakhanaU-226 004, uttarapradeza (ni.)-khavAsa pokhA, sadbhAvanA nagara, birahAnA, lakhanaU-226 004, uttarapradeza, phona-(0522)2628880 DaoN. tilaka siMha, prophesara evaM zodha nidezaka-hindI vibhAga, esa. esa. vI. pI.jI. kaoNleja, hApur3a-245 101, uttarapradeza (ni.)-970, naI zivapurI, hApur3a-245101, uttarapradeza, phona-(0122)2310871 pro. (DaoN.) vizvAsa pATIla, zodha nidezaka evaM adhyakSa-snAtakottara hindI vibhAga, kalA, vijJAna evaM vANijya mahAvidyAlaya, zahAdA (ni.)-34-ba, kRSNAmbarI, sarasvatI kaoNlonI, zahAdA-425 409, nandurabAra, mahArASTra, phona-(02565)225629 DaoN. (zrImatI) mahAzvetA caturvedI, sadasya-iNTaranezanala rAiTarsa esosiyezana-yU. esa. e.; zodha nidezaka evaM rIDara-snAtakottara hindI vibhAga, Ara. pI. pI. jI. kaoNleja, mIraMgaja, barelI; sampAdaka-mandAkinI; variSTha upAdhyakSa-lekhikA saMgha (ni.)-24-A~cala kaoNlonI, zyAmagaMja, barelI-243 005, uttarapradeza, phona-(0581)2470758, mo. 94121-45933, mo. 3120523 prophesara lakSmI candra jaina, mAnada nidezaka-AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara zodha saMsthAna, dvArA-zrI brAhmI sundarI prasthAzrama, 21-kaMcana vihAra, vijaya nagara kaoNlonI, jabalapura-482 002, madhyapradeza, phona-(0761)2543883 (ni.)-554-dIkSA jvelarsa ke Upara, sarAphA vArDa, jabalapura-482002, madhyapradeza, phona-(0761)2654876, 2695679 DaoN. santoSa kumAra tivArI, pUrva prAdhyApaka evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, zAsakIya snAtakottara kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, sAgara-470 002, madhyapradeza (ni.)-ela. AI. jI.-6, DaoN. rAjapUta ke bAjU meM, padmAkara nagara, sAgara-470 004, madhyapradeza, phona-(07582)230452, mo. 98264-20452 paNDita viSNukAnta zukla, pUrva rIDara evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, je. bI. jaina DigrI kaoNleja, sahAranapura-247 001, uttarapradeza (ni.)-'vibhAvanA, pradyumna nagara, jaina kaoNleja ke sAmane, sahAranapura-247001, uttarapradeza, phona-(0132)2760117 DaoN. rAmezvara prasAda dvivedI, pUrva pravaktA-dInadayAla upAdhyAya gorakhapura vizvavidyAlaya, gorakhapura, uttarapradeza; sevAnivRtta prAcArya-Ara. esa. jI. yU. pI. jI. kaoNleja, pukharAyA~, kAnapura, uttarapradeza; sampAdaka-vandanA' traimAsikI, kAnapura, uttarapradeza (ni.)-kAnti kuTIra, 6/32, gA~dhI nagara, pukharAyA~-209111, (kAnapura dehAta), uttarapradeza, phona-(05113)270830 DaoN. puSpalatA jaina, pUrva adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, esa. epha. esa. kaoNleja, seminarI hilsa, nAgapura, mahArASTra (ni.)-113-tukArAma cAla, nyU eksaTeMzana eriyA, kastUrabA lAibrerI ke pAsa, sadara, nAgapura-440 001, mahArASTra, phona-(0712)2541726 DaoN. oma prakAza biyANI, pUrva prophesara-dhanavaTe nezanala kaoNleja, dhantolI, nAgapura, mahArASTra (ni.)-95-sImenTa roDa, rAma mandira ke pAsa, sadara, nAgapura-440 001, mahArASTra, phona-(0712)2541678 54. 58. 59. 60.
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________________ 556 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 62. 71. DaoN. madhu dhavana, adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, sTellA maoNrisa kaoNleja, cennaI-600 086, tamilanADu, phona-(044)31049020 (ni.)-ke-3, annA nagara (pUrva), cennaI-600102, tamilanADu, phona-(044) 26262778 rajjana trivedI, pUrva sadasya-hindI abhyasta maNDala, nAgapura vidyApITha, nAgapura-440 001, mahArASTra (ni.)-sItAbarDI, mena roDa, nAgapura-440 012, mahArASTra, phona-(0712)2526052 DaoN. kRSNalAla zarmA 'sUdana', adhyakSa-saMskRta vibhAga-gurunAnaka deva vizvavidyAlaya, amRtasara-143 005, paMjAba (ni.)-13-4-vizvavidyAlaya kaimpasa, amRtasara-143 005, paMjAba mizrIlAla jaina, eDavokeTa, purAnA posTa Aphisa mArga, batAzA galI, gunA-473 001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07542)255906 DaoN. (zrImatI) kRSNA agnihotrI, pUrva prophesara-hindI vibhAga, mahilA mahAvidyAlaya, khaNDavA-450001, madhyapradeza (ni.)-'Azraya', 532- e/1, mahAlakSmI nagara, bAmbe haoNspiTala ke pAsa, indaura, madhyapradeza, phona-(0731)2576115 DaoN. zivasiMha pataMga, sevAnivRtta mukhya adhyApaka-zAsakIya mAdhyamika vidyAlaya; saMyojaka-madhyapradeza zAsana sAhitya akAdamI, pAThaka maMca, rAjagar3ha jilA ikAI, rAjagar3ha; adhyakSa-madhyapradeza pragatizIla lekhaka saMgha jilA ikAI, rAjagar3ha, madhyapradeza (ni.)-kilA/kotavAlI, rAjagar3ha-465 661, byAvarA, madhyapradeza, phona-(07372)254742 DaoN. kusuma paToriyA, rIDara-saMskRta vibhAga, nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya, nAgapura-440 001, mahArASTra (ni.)-AjAda cauka, sadara, nAgapura-440 001, mahArASTra, phona-(0712)2520327 DaoN. ke. Ara. magarade, sahAyaka prAdhyApaka evaM vibhAgAdhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, snAtakottara adhyayana evaM anusandhAna kendra, jayavaMtI haksara zAsakIya snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, baitUla-460 001, madhyapradeza (ni.)-candrazekhara vArDa, liMka roDa, sadara, baitUla-460 001, madhyapradeza, mo. 94250-03022, 98250-03022 Aloka varmA, pUrva patrakAra-navabhArata TAimsa, lakhanaU, uttarapradeza (ni.)-323, 'sarayU kuTIra', kAlabhairava mandira ke pIche, bAMgar3a dharmazAlA ke pAsa, madhavApura, baiharAnA, ilAhAbAda-211 002, uttarapradeza, phona-(0532)3113865 DaoN. brajabihArI nigama, pUrva prAcArya-mAdhava snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, ujjaina, madhyapradeza (ni.)-9-tivArI kaoNlonI, rAjasva kaoNlonI ke pAsa, mAdhava nagara, phrIgaMja, ujjaina-456 010, madhyapradeza, phona-(0734) 2530236, 2515982 DaoN. (zrImatI) nIlama jaina, sampAdaka-jaina mahilAdarza (mAsika), lakhanaU, uttarapradeza; zodhAdhikArI-jaina zruta zodha saMsthAna (ni.)-'sItAkuMja', 273-1/1, Adarza nagara, nyU relve roDa, gur3agA~vA-122 002, hariyANA, phona-(0124)3951039, mo. 98108-09727 DaoN. hanumanta nAyaDU, pUrva hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa-kalA va samAja vijJAna saMsthAna, nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya, nAgapura-440 001, mahArASTra; adhyakSahindI bhASA samiti, mahArASTra rAjya pAThyapustaka nirmiti va abhyAsakrama saMzodhana maNDala, pUnA-411 004, mahArASTra (ni.)- dvArA-zrImatI kusuma nAyaDU,108- manorama, nyUjAgRti kaoNlonI, kATola roDa, nAgapura-400013, mahArASTra, phona-(0712)2572493 AcArya gaNeza zukla, sampAdaka-bhAratIya vidyA; pUrva mAnArha nidezaka-antararASTrIya bhAratIya vidyA anusandhAna saMsthAna, dillI; kAzmIra zaivAgamadarzana koSa pariyojanA, zAradA mAtRkA kendra, jammU, kazmIra (ni.)-304/e, zAstrI nagara, jammU-180 004, kazmIra / DaoN. cakradhara nalina, sampAdaka-mahAvANI patrikA adhyakSa-rAyabarelI racanAtmaka saMgha, rAyabarelI, uttarapradeza (ni.)-246-prabhu TAuna, rAyabarelI-229001, uttarapradeza, phona-(0535)2206372, 2203375 DaoN. vidyA vindu siMha, mukhya sampAdaka-'sAhitya bhAratI' evaM 'ataeva; bhUtapUrva saMyukta nidezaka-uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna-lakhanaU, hindI bhavana, rAjarSi puruSottamadAsa TaNDana mArga, lakhanaU-226 003, uttarapradeza (ni.)-45-gokhale vihAra mArga, lakhanaU-226001, uttarapradeza, phona-(0522)2206454, mo. 3104929 DaoN. (zrImatI) suzIlA sAlagiyA, pUrva prAcArya-klAtha mArkeTa kanyA vidyAlaya, gaNeza gaMja, indaura-452 002, madhyapradeza (ni.)-phleTa naM. 4, megnama apArTameNTsa, 16/1-sAutha tukogaMja, samavasaraNa mandira ke pIche, indaura-452 001, madhyapradeza DaoN. satIrAma siMha 'sarasa', 190-e, zAstrI nagara, mInAkSI roDa, hApur3a-245101, gAjiyAbAda, uttarapradeza, phona-(0122)2333447 lAlacanda harizcandra jaina, koSTI muhallA, mAnavata-431505, parabhaNI, mahArASTra DaoN. parazurAma zukla 'virahI, pUrva prophesara evaM hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa-zAsakIya snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, zivapurI-473551, madhyapradeza (ni.)-devIpuram, bhAratIya vidyAlaya mArga, zivapurI-473551, madhyapradeza, phona-(07492)223133, mo. 94251-36999 77. 79.
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 557 81. paM. bhaMvara lAla jaina nyAyatIrtha, pUrva adhyakSa-bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina vidvat pariSada; pUrva sampAdaka-vIra vANI (pAkSika patrikA), jayapura, rAjasthAna, dvArA-nirmala kumAra bar3ajAtyA, zrI vIra presa, manihAroM kA rAstA, jayapura-302003, rAjasthAna, phona-(0141)2313525 (ni.)-7-Dha-17, javAhara nagara, digambara jaina mandira ke sAmane, jayapura-302004, rAjasthAna, phona-(0141)2650273 DaoN. Aditya pracaNDiyA 'dIti, rIDara evaM zodha nidezaka-hindI vibhAga, dayAlabAga ejUkezanala insTITyUTa (DImDa yUnivarsiTI), dayAlabAga, AgarA, uttarapradeza (ni.)-'maMgala kalaza',394-sarvodaya nagara, AgarA roDa, alIgar3ha-202001, uttarapradeza, phona-(0571)2410486 DaoN. pI. ke. bAlasubrahmaNyana, pUrva prophesara evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, madrAsa krizciyana kaoNleja, cennaI, tamilanADu; pUrva koSAdhyakSa-dakSiNa bhArata hindI pracAra sabhA, madrAsa, tamilanADu (ni.)-kumAra kRpA, 6 (e. pI. 1040), 68 vIM sTrITa, 11 vA~ sekTara, ke. ke. nagara, cennaI-600 078, tamilanADu, phona-(044)24726997 DaoN. hemalatA sAvakAra, adhi vyAkhyAtA-snAtakottara kendra, dakSiNa bhArata hindI pracAra sabhA, karnATaka zAkhA, dhAravAr3a, kanArTaka. (ni.)-DI. sI. kampAuNDa, dhAravAr3a-580001, karnATaka DaoN. (zrImatI) sandhyA bharADe, dvArA-sureza bharADe, 'sura sandhyA ', 294-anUpa nagara, indaura-452008, madhyapradeza, phona-(0731)2554974 maganalAla'kamala', dvArA-aravinda goyala, prAparTI brokarsa, 13/12-'kamala kuTIra', nadI muhallA, koTezvara mandira ke pAsa, gunA-472001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07542)256037 DaoN. vinoda kumAra jaina, vyAkhyAtA-hindI vibhAga, zAsakIya buddhasiMha iNTara kaoNleja, tivarI, kaTanI, madhyapradeza evaM DaoN.(zrImatI) arpaNA jaina, vyAkhyAtA-hindI vibhAga, tilaka rASTrIya mahAvidyAlaya, kaTanI-483 001, madhyapradeza (ni.)-somanAtha mandira ke bAjU meM, dube kaoNlonI, kaTanI-483 001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07622)235617 DaoN. (zrImatI) alakA pracaNDiyA 'dIti', saha nidezaka-jaina zodha akAdamI, 'maMgala kalaza', 394-sarvodaya nagara, AgarA roDa, alIgar3ha202001, uttarapradeza, phona-(0571)2410486 DaoN. lakSmI nArAyaNa gupta, eca-83, zAstrI nagara, bhopAla, madhyapradeza ke. ela. seThI, eDavokeTa, dvArA-azoka kumAra seThI, 66-zItalAmAtA bAjAra, indaura, madhyapradeza, phona-(0731)2611885, mo. 98270-30948 (ni.)-87/3, naliyA bAkhara, saMgama nagara, indaura, madhyapradeza, phona-(0731)2454286 sanmArga (dainika), sampAdaka-rAma avatAra gupta, 160-sI, cittaraMjana evenyu (senTrala evenyu), po. bA. naM. 6879, kolakAtA-700 007, pazcima baMgAla, phona-(033)22414800, 22413921 rAmaprakAza, saMyukta saMcAlaka-madhyapradeza hindI grantha akAdamI, ravIndranAtha ThAkura mArga, bANagaMgA, bhopAla-462 003, madhyapradeza, phona(0755)2553084, 2775603 (ni.)-ema. 17, nirAlA nagara, duSyanta mArga, bhadabhadA roDa, bhopAla-462001, madhyapradeza, phona-(0755)2729215 rAjeza pAThaka, grAma sahAyaka/paMcAyata saciva-kuNDezvara-(zivapurI) TIkamagar3ha, madhyapradeza (ni.)-nUtana vihAra kaoNlonI, jaina mandira ke pAsa, DhauMgA, TIkamagar3ha-472001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07683) 240078, mo. 214824 modI tArAcanda jaina, svatantratA saMgrAma senAnI, saciva-zrI vidyAvatI devar3iyA hAIskUla, paravArapurA, itavArI, nAgapura-440 002, mahArASTra, phona-(0712)2768891
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________________ "tulasI, sUra, kabIra, ravIndranAtha aura zrI aravinda kI kAvyakRtiyoM ke samakakSa yaha mahAkAvya sampradAyAtIta hI nahIM, kAlAtIta hai, ataH kAlajayI hai| merA mantavya hai ki 'mUkamATI' jaisI alaukika kAlajayI kavitA mUlyAMkana ke abhAva meM kAlasAgara meM vilupta na ho jAya, kyoMki hindUvAda yA chadama pragatizIlatA donoM hI kAvyAlocana ke sahI pratimAna nahIM bana skte|" pro. (DaoN.) devavrata jozI " isameM nihita bimba vidhAna, pratIka yojanA, zabda prayoga, cintana paddhati kabIra kI yAda dilAtI hai| kAvya meM prayukta Aptavacana, sUtravAkya, vaktavya Adi kavi ke cintana kI saphAI aura abhivyakti kI sAdagI ko pragaTa karate haiN| rasaparipAka, vAgvaicitrya, vANI kI vidagdhatA, ramaNIka abhivyaMjanA, anuprAsa kI chaTA, alaMkAroM kA saundarya Adi zrRMgAra kaviyoM kI yAda dilAte haiN|" DaoN. zarezacandra culakImaTha "AcAryajI kI dArzanika pahu~ca, cintana kI sUkSmatA, kalpanAzakti kI virATatA kavitvazakti kI vipulatA, bhAvazakti kI mahAnatA, abhivyakti kI AzayagarbhatA tathA dRSTi kI vartamAnakAlikatA ke eka sAtha darzana isa kRti meM hote haiN|" DaoN. sudhAkara gokAkakara "hindI ke tIna amara mahAkAvyoM- 'padamAvata', 'rAmacaritamAnasa' aura 'kAmAyanI' kI ujjvala paramparA meM eka mahAkAvya aura A jur3A hai aura vaha hai 'muukmaattii|" DaoN. sarajU prasAda mizra "vartamAna dama ghuTAnevAlI durgandhamaya khUnI, vidveSabharI, abhAvabharI, zoSaNonmukha paristhitiyoM meM parivartana lAne ke lie janasamAja kalyANa ko dhyAna meM rakhakara isa grantha meM parokSa Andolana kA saMketa kiyA hai|" DaoN. kedAranAtha pANDeya " sthAna-sthAna para alaMkAroM kI chaTA, cuTIle kathopakathana, pAtroM kA sajIva citraNa, zabdoM kI AtmA kA darzana 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ko gata zatAbdI ke antima dazaka kA hRdayagrAhI kAvya siddha karatA hai| isa apratima mahAkAvya se jo jIvana dRSTi milatI hai vaha anupama hai|" DaoN. kailAzacanda bhATiyA "yaha kRti samasAmayikatA ke Adhunika bodha kI gAthA hI nahIM, apitu bhaviSyat cetanA kA bhI mahAkAvya hai - adhika virAT Atmazakti tathA adhika vyApaka bhUzakti kI preraNAmayI bhAvAtmaka bhUmikA taka pahu~cane kA jayapatha hai|" DaoN. mahAvIra sarana jaina 'mUkamATI' eka prakAra se AcArya vidyAsAgara ke samagra vyaktitva kI abhivyakti hai, apane samaya ko nayA vikalpa dene kA prayatna hai|" DaoN. premazaMkara 44
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________________ bhAratIya jJAnapITha 18, insTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI roDa, nayI dillI - 110 003 saMsthApaka : sva. sAhU zAntiprasAda jaina, sva. zrImatI ramA jaina