Dharmshastra ka Itihas Part 3

Author(s): Pandurang V Kane
Publisher: Hindi Bhavan Lakhnou
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002791/1

Page #1
hindI samiti granthamAlA saMkhyA-132 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa tRtIyamAga (adhyAyaseM16) mUla lekhaka bhArata-ratna, mahAmahopAdhyAya DaoN0 pANDaraGga vAmana kANe anuvAdaka arjuna caube kAzyapa uttara pradeza zAsana rAjarSi puruSottamadAsa TaMDana hindI bhavana mahAtmA gAMdhI mArga, lakhanaU

Page #2
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa hindI samiti

Page #3

Page #4
hindI samiti granthamAlA - saMkhyA - 132 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa tRtIya bhAga ( pAtaka, prAyazcitta, karmavipAka, antyakarma, azauca, zuddhi, zrAddha aura tIrtha - prakaraNa ) mUla lekhaka bhArata-ratna, mahAmahopAdhyAya DaoN0 pANDuraGga vAmana kANe anuvAdaka arjuna caube kAzyapa hindI samiti uttara pradeza zAsana 'rAjarSi puruSottamadAsa TaMDana hindI bhavana' mahAtmA gAMdhI mArga, lakhanaU

Page #5
* dharmazAstra kA itihAsa tRtIya bhAga prathama saMskaraNa 1666 .dvitIya saMskaraNa 1675 * isa bhAga kA mUlya : bIsa rupaye * ghanazyAma bhArgava, kainsa eNDa kaNTenarsa prA. li. (mudraNa vibhAga), lakhanaU dvArA mudrita

Page #6
prakAzaka kI ora se dharma aisA vyApaka zabda hai jo sAmane Ate hI kisI jAti yA samAja kA itihAsa aura usake jIvana kI bhUmikA prastuta karane meM samartha hotA hai / 'dharma' zabda meM jAti vizeSa kI sabhyatA, saMskRti, AcAravicAra, rahana-sahana, rIti-rivAja tathA jIvana-praNAlI kI prakriyA aura nidarzana prastuta hotA hai| dharma kI paribhASA bhI hamAre dArzanikoM, cintakoM aura manISiyoM ne apane-apane samaya, vicAra aura cintana ke pariNAmasvarUpa bhinnabhinna rUpoM meM prastuta kI hai| 'dhAraNAd dharma ityAhuH' ke anusAra dharma jIvana kA mUlAdhAra hai| isI se manuSya ko preraNA aura prakAza upalabdha hotA hai| yahI dharma jIvana kI gatividhi aura pragati meM sahAyaka hotA hai / kahane kA artha yaha hai ki dharma vastutaH saMkucita nahIM, apitu vizada, mahAn aura udAtta bhAvanA se prakAzamAna hotA hai| saMsAra meM jitane bhI dharma haiM, unakA apanA mahattva aura svatva to hai hI, kintu hindU dharma aura hindU jAti kI apanI vizeSa mahattA aura sattA rahI hai| hindU dharma anya sabhI dharmoM aura jAtiyoM kA samAdara tathA sammAna karane meM agraNI rahA hai| ___ isI hindU dharma kI zAstrIya vizeSatAoM tathA isake antargata upalabdha vibhinna zAkhAoM aura kSetroM kA vizada paricaya evaM saiddhAntika vivaraNa prastuta grantha 'dharmazAstra kA itihAsa' meM aMkita karane kI ceSTA kI gayI hai| isake sammAnya aura vidvAn racanAkAra bhArataratna pANDuraMga vAmana kANe antarrASTrIya khyAti ke lekhaka aura prAcya itihAsa evaM sAhitya ke manISI cintaka rahe haiN| unhoMne saMskRta aura saMskRti ke sAhitya kA pragAr3ha adhyayana to kiyA hI, kintu unakI sabase mahattvapUrNa sAdhanA aura sevA yaha hai ki hameM isa prakAra ke anamola aura mahattvapUrNa grantha upalabdha hue| zrI kANe jaise rASTrIya khyAti prApta vidvAnoM ke vidyAvyasana aura niSThA kI prazaMsA karanI hI par3atI hai| aise vidvAnoM aura manISiyoM ke prati hama kRtajJa haiN| unakI ina kRtiyoM se jijJAsuoM aura AnevAlI pIr3hI ko preraNA aura prakAza milegA, hamArA yaha nizcita mata hai / hameM yaha kahane meM saMkoca nahIM ki 'dharmazAstra kA itihAsa' hamAre bhAratIya jIvana kA itihAsa hai aura isameM hama apane atIta kI gauravamayI gAthA aura niyAmaka sUtroM kA nirdeza aura saMdeza prApta karate haiN| vidvAn lekhaka ne bar3e manoyoga aura zrama se isa grantha kA praNayana kiyA hai| ise eka taraha se hindU jAti kA vizvakoza kaheM to anyathA na hogaa| isameM lekhaka ne dharma, dharmazAstra, unake lekhaka, jAti, varNa, unake kartavya, adhikAra, saMskAra, AcAra-vicAra, zrauta yajJa , dAna, pratiSThA, rAjadharma, vyavahAra (nyAya), dAyabhAga, tIrtha yAtrA, vrata, kAla, paMcAMga, tantra, purANa, SaDdarzana hindU-saMhitA Adi kA vivecana karate hue sAmAjika paramparA aura usakI upalabdhiyoM kA vistRta aura Avazyaka vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| veda, upaniSada,

Page #7
brAhmaNa, kalpasUtra, smRti, purANa, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata Adi granthoM se saMketa-sUtra aura saMdarbha ekatra karanA kitanA kaThina hai, isakI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai| 'dharmazAstra kA itihAsa' pA~ca bhAgoM (jildoM) meM saMpanna kiyA gayA hai, prastuta pustaka isakA tIsarA bhAga hai| samasta grantha kA viSaya-vibhAjana bhI pA~ca khaNDoM meM saMpanna huA hai aura isa bhAga meM 'caturtha khaNDa' kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| ina sabhI bhAgoM ko eka saMyukta 'anukramaNikA' samiti kI ora se alaga pustikA ke rUpa meM prakAzita ho cukI hai / hameM atyanta prasannatA hai ki isake anya bhAgoM ke samAna prastuta tRtIya bhAga kA bhI sudhI pAThakoM ne samAdara kiyA aura prathama saMskaraNa zIghra hI samApta ho gyaa| Aja svAdhyAyazIla adhyetAoM kI adhikAdhika mAMga para hama isa bhAga kA dvitIya saMskaraNa prastuta karate hue saMtoSa kA anubhava karate haiN| yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki kAgaja kI durlabhatA, mudraNa, rozanAI, veSTana Adi vastuoM kI daroM meM asAdhAraNa vRddhi ho jAne para bhI hama isa saMskaraNa kA mUlya bar3hA nahIM rahe haiN| hameM vizvAsa hai ki pracAra aura prasAra kI dRSTi se hamAre isa AyAsa kA pUrvavat svAgata aura samAdara hogaa| hamArI yaha ceSTA hogI ki bhaviSya meM bhI hama isa prakAra ke mahanIya grantha ucita mUlya para hI apane pAThakoM ko sulabha kraayeN| hama eka bAra punaH hindI ke chAtroM, pAThakoM adhyApakoM, jijJAsuoM aura vidvAnoM se, vizeSataH una logoM se jinheM bhArata aura bhAratIyatA ke prati vizeSa mamatva aura apanatva hai, yaha anurodha karanA cAheMge ki ve isa aitihAsika grantha kA avazya hI adhyayana aura manana kreN| isase unheM bahuta kucha prApti hogI, yaha kahane meM hameM saMkoca nahIM / hamArI abhilASA hai, yaha grantha pratyeka supaMThita aura sAMskRtika parivAra meM sulabha aura samAdRta ho| makara saMkrAnti, saM0 2031 (1675 I0) rAjarSi puruSottamadAsa TaNDana hindI bhavana mahAtmA gAMdhI mArga, lakhanaU kAzInAtha upAdhyAya 'bhramara' saciva, hindI samiti, uttara pradeza zAsana KHABAR

Page #8
mUla lekhaka kA vaktavyAMza 'dharmazAstra kA itihAsa' ke tRtIya khaNDa kI bhUmikA likhate samaya maiMne yaha vizvAsa prakaTa kiyA thA ki isa viSaya se sambandhita samasta avaziSTa sAmagrI kA samAhAra eka hI khaNDa meM kara diyA jaaygaa| parantu kAryArambha hone para vAstavikatA kA anubhava huA / pustaka ke prathama tIna khaNDoM ko maiMne jisa DhaMga evaM stara para prastuta kiyA thA, usI ke anurUpa eka hI khaNDa meM bace hue viSayoM kA sarvAGga nirUpaNa mujhe asaMbhava sA lgaa| isake atirikta bar3hatI huI avasthA ke kAraNa zArIrika zakti bhI kSINa ho calI thI, pariNAmataH prathama tIna khaNDoM ko maiMne jisa tatparatA evaM kauzala ke sAtha kucha hI varSoM meM samApta kara diyA thA, vaisA kara pAnA aba saMbhava na thA / ataH maiM anicchA hote hue bhI avaziSTa sAmagrI ko do khaNDoM meM prakAzita karane kA nirNaya kiyaa| kAgaja evaM kuzala kArIgaroM ke abhAva ke kAraNa prastuta khaNDa lagabhaga tIna varSoM taka presa meM par3A rhaa| isa khaNDa meM ATha prakaraNa haiM -- pAtaka, prAyazcitta, karmavipAka, antyeSTi, Azauca, zuddhi, zrAddha aura tIrthayAtrA / nuzAstriyoM ke lie ye viSaya atyanta mahattvapUrNa haiN| ina viSayoM para likhate samaya phrelara ke 'golDena bAU' kI bhAMti hI prAcIna bhArata meM pracalita vizvAsoM, paripATiyoM evaM saMskAroM kA varNana karane kI merI bar3I icchA thI / parantu maiMne apane isa moha kA dRr3hatA se saMvaraNa kiyA aura vaha bhI do viziSTa kAraNoM se / prathama kAraNa to yaha thA ki pustaka kA AkAra atyadhika bar3ha gayA thA; aura phira maiMne yaha bhI socA ki prAcIna evaM madhyakAlIna bhArata meM pracalita paripATiyoM evaM vizvAsoM kI tulanA anya sthAnoM kI tatkAlIna paramparAoM se karanA bhramamUlaka hogaa| phelara ne apanI pustaka meM mAnava-sabhyatA kI Adima avasthA meM pracalita vizvAsoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| mujhe aisA lagA ki isa prakAra kI tulanAtmaka prakriyA ke dvArA pAThakoM meM yaha bhrama ho sakatA hai ki prAcIna evaM madhya kAlIna bhArata sabhyatA evaM saMskRti ke kSetra meM Adima avasthA meM thA; jaba ki sarvavidita hai ki usa samaya bhArata kI saMskRti kA sarvocca dhavala dhvaja phahara rahA thA, yadyapi usa samaya bhI ati prAcIna kAla se calI AyI huI paramparAe~ kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM jIvita thiiN| anekoM atyAdhunika samAjoM meM Aja bhI ve paramparAe~ akSuNNa banI huI haiN| phrAMsa kI rAnI jisa kakSa meM prathama bAra apane pati kI mRtyu kA samAcAra sunatI thI, eka varSa taka usa kakSa se bAhara nahIM nikalatI thI / aThArahavIM zatAbdI ke aMta taka iMglaiNDa meM abhAginI vRddhAoM ko cur3aila samajha kara mRtyu daNDa de diyA jAtA thA; jaba ki bhAratavarSa meM lagabhaga do hajAra varSa pUrva manu ne jAdU, TonA ityAdi ke lie kevala do sau paNoM kA sAmAnya daNDa nirdhArita kiyA thA / dharmazAstra ke vibhinna avayavoM se sambandhita tathyoM kA paryavekSaNa, saMgraha, vargIkaraNa evaM vyAkhyA karanA hI merA uddezya rahA hai aura maiMne viSayasAmagrI ko, usakI sArI sampUrNatA ke sAtha, niSpakSa hokara prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai (yadyapi brAhmaNa kula meM janmane ke kAraNa acetana mana meM udbhUta kucha pUrvAgrahoM athavA saMskAragata vizvAsoM se apane ko alaga nahIM kara pAyA hU~) / prastuta pustaka ke praNayana meM, jahA~ eka ora merA prayAsa bhAratIya saMskRti kI nirantaratA, usake vikAsa krama evaM parivartanoM ko rUpAyita karane kA rahA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora atIta aura vartamAna ke sambandha tathA saMbhAvya parivartanoM kI ora saMketa karane kA bhI prayAsa kiyA gayA hai|"

Page #9
" ... aba maiM kRtajJatA jJApana kA pAvana kartavya bhI pUrA kara denA cAhatA huuN| anya khaNDoM kI bhA~ti isa khaNDa meM bhI blUmaphIlDa ke 'vedika kAnkArDensa', maikaDaoNnala evaM kItha ke 'vedika iNDeksa' tathA 'sekreDa buksa oNpha di IsTa' se pracura sahAyatA milI hai| vAI ke paramahaMsa svAmI kevalAnanda sarasvatI mere pathapradarzaka rahe haiM aura zaMkAoM evaM kaThinAiyoM kA tvarita samAdhAna dekara unhoMne mujhe sadaiva hI anugRhIta kiyA hai| prUpha zodhana ke kArya meM sahAyatA karane ke lie maiM bhaNDArakara insTITyUTa, pUnA ke zrI esa0 ena0 sAvadI kA bahuta adhika AbhArI hU~ tathA pustaka ke mudrita aMzoM ko par3hane evaM bahumalya sujhAvoM ke lie zrI pI0 ema0 purandare, eDavokeTa (o0 esa0 ) bambaI hAIkorTa tathA loNAvAlA ke tarkatIrtha raghunAtha zAstrI kokajI ke prati kRtajJa hU~ / - 8 - prastuta khaNDa ke lekhana - kAla ke chaH varSoM ke madhya jina mahAnubhAvoM ke audArya se maiM lAbhAnvita huA hai, una sabhI kA nAmollekha yahA~ saMbhava nahIM, tathApi kucha viziSTa nAmoM kA ullekha karanA Avazyaka hai -- pro0 ke0 vI0 raMgasvAmI AyaMgara, zrI e0 ena0 kRSNa AyaMgara, DA0 e0 esa0 altekara, DA0 esa0 ke0 velavelkara, pro0 jI0 eca0 bhaTTa, zrI bhavatoSa bhaTTAcArya, zrI ena0 jI0 cApekara, DA0 Ara0 ena0 dANDekara, zrI bI0 DI0 diskAlkara, DA0 jI0 esa0 gAya, pro0 pI0 ke0 goDe, tarkatIrtha lakSmaNa zAstrI jozI, zrI jI0 eca0 khare, paNDita bAlAcArya khuperakara, DA0 umeza mizra, DA0 vI0 rAghavana, pro0 ela0 renU, pro0 eca0 DI0 velaNakara / isa khaNDa ke taiyAra karane meM ina vidvAnoM ne jo sahayoga diyA hai aura jo ruci dikhAyI hai usake lie sabhI dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| itane adhika vidvAnoM kI kRpAdRSTi ke pazcAt bhI isa khaNDa meM bahuta-sI truTiyA~ haiM jinake lie pUrNa rUpa se maiM hI uttaradAyI huuN| asaMkhya uddha raNoM evaM saMdarbhoM se bhare hue prastuta khaNDa meM kucheka kA yathAsthAna ullekha nahIM ho pAyA hai, ise maiM bhalI bhA~ti jAnatA hU~ / isake lie aura pustaka ke mudraNa kI truTiyoM ke lie maiM apane pAThakoM se kSamAyAcanA karatA hU~ / . " 1... --pANDuraMga vAmana kANe bambaI 10-10-1953

Page #10
pRSTha : : : : : : :: :: 1015 1023 1030 1035 viSaya-sUcI caturtha khaNDa adhyAya viSaya pAtaka 1. pAtaka (pApa) paJca mahApAtaka upapAtaka prakIrNaka pAtaka 2. pApa-phaloM ko kama karane ke sAdhana prAyazcitta 3. prAyazcitta; isakA udbhava, vyutpatti evaM artha 4. viziSTa pApoM ke viziSTa prAyazcitta 5. prAyazcittoM ke nAma ___karmavipAka 6. prAyazcitta na karane ke pariNAma antyakarma 7. antyeSTi mRta kA zmazAna (samAdhi, stUpa) ___ Azauca, zuddhi, zrAddha 8. zuddhi 9. zrAddha zrAddhoM kA vargIkaraNa pArvaNa zrAddha 10. ekoddiSTa evaM anya zrAddha mahAlaya zrAddha vRSotsarga :: : 1043 1057 :: : 208 : : : : : : 1110 1145 1157 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1221 1246 1278 1287 1291

Page #11
- 10 - tIrthaprakaraNa 11. tIrthayAtrA 12. gaMgA prayAga 13. kAzI 14. gayA 15. kurukSetra mayurA jagannAtha narmadA godAvarI kAMcI (kAMjIvaram) 1299 1320 1326 1339 1351 1372 1376 1379 1386 1389 1391 1342 1396 paMDharapura .. 16. tIrtha-sUcI.. pariziSTa dharmazAstrIya grantha-tAlikA 1508

Page #12
uddharaNa-saMketa agni0=agnipurANa | gR0 ra0 yA gRhastha0=gRhastharatnAkara a0 ve0 yA atharva0=atharvaveda gau0 yA gau0 dha0 sU0 yA gautamadharma gautamadharmasUtra anu0 yA anuzAsana =anuzAsana parva gau0 pi. yA gautamapi0=gautamapitRmeghasUtra antyeSTi =nArAyaNa kI antyeSTipaddhati caturvarga0 hemAdri kI caturvargacintAmaNi yA kevala hemAdri ma0 ka. dI0=antyakarmadIpaka chA0 u0 yA chA dogya upa0 chAndogyopaniSad arthazAstra, kauTilya kauTilIya arthazAstra jImUta0 jImUtavAhana A0 gR0 sU0 yA ApastambagR0=ApastambagRhyasUtra jai0 yA jaimini jaiminipUrvamImAMsAsUtra A0 dha0 sU0 yA Apastambadharma0=ApastambadharmasUtra jai0 upa0=jaiminIyopaniSad Apa0 ma0 pA0 yA Apastambama0=Apastamba mantrapATha jai0 nyA0 mA0=jaiminIyanyAyamAlAvistara A0 zrI0 sU0 yA ApastambI0=ApastambazrautasUtra tANDya0 tANDyamahAbrAhmaNa Azva0 gR0 sU0 yA AzvalAyanagR0=AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra | tI0 ka0 yA tI0 kalpa0 tIrthakalpataru Azva0 gR0 pa0 yA AzvalAyanagR0 pa0=AzvalAyana- | tI0 pra0 yA tIrtha pra0=tIrthaprakAza gRhyapariziSTa tI. ci. yA tIrthaci0=vAcaspati kI tIrthacintAmaNi R0 yA Rg=Rgveda, RgvedasaMhitA tai. A0 yA taittirIyA0 taittirIyAraNyaka ai0 A0 yA aitareya A0=aitareyAraNyaka tai0 u0 yA taittirIyopa0 taittirIyopaniSad ai0 prA0 yA aitareya bA0aitareya brAhmaNa tai0 brA0 taittirIya brAhmaNa ka0 u0 yA kaThopa0 kaThopaniSad tai0 saM0 taittirIya saMhitA kalivayaM0=kalivarNyavinirNaya tristhalI0=nArAyaNa bhaTTa kA tristhalIsetu kalpa0 yA kalpataru, kR0 ka0 lakSmIghara kA kRtyakalpataru tristhalI0 yA tri0 se0=maTToji kA visthalIsetusArasaMgraha kAtyA0 smR0 sA0 kAtyAyana smRtisAroddhAra nArada0 yA nA0 smR0=nAradasmRti kA0 zrI0 sU0 yA kAtyAyanazrI0=kAtyAyanazrautasUtra nAradIya0 yA nArada nAradIyapurANa kAma0 yA kAmandaka0kAmandakIya nItisAra nItivA. yA nItivAkyA-nItivAkyAmRta kI yA kauTilya yA kauTilIya0=kauTilIya arthazAstra | nirNaya0 yA ni0 si0=nirNayasindhu ko-kauTilya kA arthazAstra (DA0 zAma zAstrI kA padya-padmapurANa __ saMskaraNa) parA0 mA0parAzaramAdhavIya ko0 brA0 upa0 yA kauSItakibrA0 kauSItaki brAhmaNa- pANini yA pA0pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI upaniSad pAra0 gR0 yA pAraskaragu0=pAraskaragRhyasUtra gaM0 ma0 yA gaMgAma0 yA gaMgAbhakti gaMgAbhaktitaraMgiNI pU0 mI0 sU0 yA pUrvamI0=pUrvamImAMsAsUtra gaMgAvA. yA gaMgAvAkyA0-gaMgAvAkyAvalI prA0 ta0 yA prAya0 tasva0prAyazcittatatva gar3agar3apurANa

Page #13
-12 prA0pra0,prAya0 pra0 yA prAyazcitta pra0=prAyazcittaprakaraNa | rAja0 ra0 yA rAjanItira caNDezvara kA rAjanItiprAya0 prakA0 yA prA0 prakAza prAyazcittaprakAza ratnAkara prAya0 vi0, prA0 vi0 yA prAyazcitavi0 prAyazcitta- | vAja0 saM0 yA vAjasaneyIsaM0 vAjasaneyIsaMhitA viveka vAyu0-vAyupurANa prA0 ma0 yA prAya0 ma0prAyazcittamayUkha vi0 ci0 yA vivAdaci0 vAcaspati mizra kI vivAdaprA0 sA0 yA prAya0 sA0 prAyazcittasAra cintAmaNi bu0 mU0=budhabhUSaNa vi0 ra0 yA vivAdara0-vivAdaratnAkara bR0 yA bRhaspati0=bRhaspatismRti vizva0 yA vizvarUpa0=yAjJavalkyasmati kI vizvabR0 u0 yA bRha0 upa0=bRhadAraNyakopaniSad rUpakRta TIkA bR0 saM0 yA bRhat saM0=bRhatsaMhitA viSNu-viSNupurANa bau0 gR0 sU0 yA baudhAyanagR0=baudhAyanagRhyasUtra viSNu0 yA vi0 dha0 sU0=viSNu dharmasUtra bau0 dha0 sU0 yA baughA0 dha0 yA baudhAyanadha0=baudhAyana- vI0 mi0-vIramitrodaya dharmasUtra vai0 smA0 yA vaikhAnasa0 vaikhAnasasmArtasUtra bau0 zrI0 sU0 yA baudhA0 zrI0 sU0=bodhAyanazrautasUtra vyava0 ta0 yA vyavahArata:-raghunandana kA bra0, brahma0 yA brahma pu0=brahmapurANa vyavahAratattva brahmANDa brahmANDapurANa vya0 ni0 yA vyavahArani0-vyavahAranirNaya bhavi0 pu0 yA bhaviSya bhaviSyapurANa vya0 pra0 yA vyavahArapra=mitra mizra kA vyavahAraprakAza matsya matsyapurANa vya0 ma0 yA vyavahArama0= vyavahAramayUkha ma. pA. yA mada0 pA0-madanapArijAta vya0 mA0 yA vyavahAramA0=jImatavAhana kI vyavahAramanu yA manu0-manusmRti mAtakA mAnava0 yA mAnavagRhya mAnavagRhyasUtra vyava0 sA0-vyavahArasAra mitA0=mitAkSarA (vijJAnezvara kRta yAjJavalkyasmRti- za0 brA0 yA zatapathabrA0 -- zatapathabrAhmaNa __kI TIkA) zAtAtapa0 =zAtAtapasmRti mI0 ko. yA mImAMsAko0 mImAMsAkaustubha | zA0 gR0 yA zAMkhAyanagR? --- zAMkhAyanagRhyasUtra (khaNDadeva) zAM0 brA0 yA zAMkhAyanabA0--zAMkhAyanabrAhmaNa medhA0 yA medhAtidhi-manusmRti para medhAtithi kI TIkA zAM0 thI0 ma0 yA zAMkhAyanazrauta0-zAMkhAyanazrautasUtra yA manusmRti ke TIkAkAra medhAtithi zAnti0--zAntiparva maMtrI0 upa0-maitryupaniSad zukra0 yA zukranIti0 -zukranItisAra mai0 saM0 yA maitrAyaNI saM0=maitrAyaNI saMhitA zUdrakama0 :- zUdrakamalAkara ya0 dha0 saM0 yA yatidharma0=yatidharmasaMgraha zu0 kau0 yA zuddhikau0= zuddhikaumudI yA0, yA yAjJa0=yAjJavalkyasmRti zu0 ka0 yA zuddhikalpa0 = zuddhikalpataru (zuddhi para) rAja kalhaNa kI rAjataraMgiNI zu0 pra0 yA zuddhipra0 -zuddhiprakAza rAdha0 ko0 yA rAjagha0 ko0-rAjadharmakaustubha zrA0 ka0 la0 yA zrAddhakalpa0=zrAddhakalpalatA rAnI0pra0 yA rAjanI0pra0=mitra mizra kA rAjanIti- | zrA0 ki0 ko0 yA zrAddhakriyA0 zrAddhakriyAprakAza kaumudI

Page #14
zrA0 pra0 yA zrAddhapra 0 = zrAddhaprakAza zrA0 vi0 yA zrAddhavi0 = zrAddhaviveka sa0 [zrI0 sU0 yA satyA0 zrI0 = satyASADhazrautasUtra sa0 vi0 yA sarasvatIvi0 - sarasvatIvilAsa sA0 brA0 yA sAma0 brA0 = sAmavidhAna brAhmaNa skanda0 yA skandapu0 skandapurANa = J. R. A. S. A. G. Ain. A. = A. I. R. = Ala iNDiyA riporTara = AyalAjikala sarve riporTsa A. S. R. B. B. R. A. S. = bAmbe brAMca, rAyala eziyATika sosAiTI B. O. R. I. = bhaNDArakara orieNTala risarca iMsTITyUTa, pUnA C. I. I. = E.I. I. A. I. 0. I. H. Q. J. A. O. S. J. A. S. B. J. B. O. R. S. = = = kArpasa iMskripzansa iNDikeram epiphiyA iNDikA ( epi0 iMDi0 ) suser aiMTikverI ( iMDi0 aiMTi0 ) iNDiyA aphisa lAibrerI, landana / iNDiyana hisTArikala kvArTaralI jarnala Ava di amerikana orieNTala sosAiTI jarnala Ava di eziyATika sosAiTI Ava baMgAla = jarnala Adi bihAra eNDa ur3IsA risarca sosAiTI jarnala Ava di rAyala eziyATika sosAiTI ( landana ) S. B. E. sekreDa buka Ava di IsTa (maiksamUlara dvArA sampAdita ) G.O.S. = gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sIrIz2a = = - 13 = smR0 ca0 yA smRtica0 = smRticandrikA smR0 mu0 yA smRtimu0 = smRtimuktAphala . saM0 kau0 yA saMskArako0 - saMskArakaustuma saM0 pra0 = saMskAraprakAza == = saM0 20 mA0 yA saMskArara0 saMskAraratnamAlA hi0 gR0 yA hiraNya0 gR0 = hiraNyakezigRhyasUtra iMgliza nAmoM ke saMketa aiM0 ji0 ( aiMzyeMTa jiyAgraphI Ava iMDiyA ) Aine akabarI ( abula phajala kRta )

Page #15

Page #16
prasiddha evaM mahattvapUrNa granthoM tathA lekhakoM kA kAla-nirdhAraNa [inameM se bahutoM kA kAla sambhAvita, kalpanAtmaka evaM vicArAdhIna hai| I0 pU0 IsA ke pUrva I0 u0 IsA ke uparAnta] 4000-1000 (I0 pU0) : yaha vaidika saMhitAoM, brAhmaNoM evaM upaniSadoM kA kAla hai| Rgveda, atharva veda evaM taittirIya saMhitA tayA taittirIya brAhmaNa kI kucha RcAe~ 40000 pR0 ke bahuta pahale kI bhI ho sakatI haiM, aura kucha upaniSada (jinameM kucha ke bhI haiM jinheM vidvAn loga atyanta prAcIna mAnate haiM) 1000 I0 pU0 ke pazcAtkAlIna bhI ho sakatI haiN| (kucha vidvAna prastata lekhaka kI isa mAnyatA ko ki vaidika saMhitAe~ 4000 I0 pU0 prAcIna haiM, nahIM svIkAra krte|) 800-500 (I0 pU0) : yAska kI racanA nirukt| 800-400 (I0 pU0) : pramukha zrIta sUtra (yathA-Apastamba, AzvalAyana, baudhAyana, kAtyAyana, satyASADha Adi) evaM kucha gRhyasUtra (yathA-Apastamba evaM aashvlaayn)| 600-300 (I0 pU0) : gautama, Apastamba, baudhAyana, vasiSTha ke dharmasUtra evaM pAraskara tathA kucha anya logoM ke gRhysuutr| 600-300 (90 pU0) : paannini| 500-200 (60 pU0) : jaimini kA puurvmiimaaNsaasuutr| 500-200 (I0 pU0) : bhgvdgiitaa| 300 (I0 pU0) : pANini ke sUtroM para vArtika likhane vAle vararuci kAtyAyana / 300 (I0 pU0)-100 (I0 u0) : kauTilya kA arthazAstra (apekSAkRta pahalI sImA ke AsapAsa ) / 150 (I0 pU0)-100 (I0 u0) : pataJjali kA mahAbhASya (sambhavataH apekSAkRta prathama sImA ke aaspaas)| 200 (I0 pU0)-100 (I0 u0) : mnusmRti| 100-300 (I0 u0) : yaajnyvlkysmRti| 100-300 (I0 u0) : vissnnudhrmsuutr| 100-400 (I0 u0) :: naardsmRti| 200-500 (I0 u0) : vaikhaanssmaart-suutr| 200-500 (I0 u0) : jaimini ke pUrvamImAMsAsUtra ke bhASyakAra zabara (apekSAkRta pUrva samaya ke aaspaas)|

Page #17
-16 - 300-500 (I0 u0) 300-600 (I0 u0) 400-600 (I0 u0) 500-550 (I0 u0) 600-650 (I0 u0) 650-665 (I0 u0) 650-700 (I0 u0) 600-900 (I0 u0) 788-820 (I0 u0) 800-850 (I0 u0) 805-900 (I0 u0) 966. (I0 u0) 1000-1050 (I0 u0) 1080-1100 (I0 u0) 1080-1100 (I0 u0) 1100-1130 (I0 u0) : vyavahAra Adi para bRhaspatismRti (abhI taka isakI prati nahIM mila sakI hai)| aisa0 bI0 I0 (jilda 33) meM vyavahAra ke aMza anUdita haiM, pro. raMgasvAmI AyaMgara ne dharma ke bahuta se viSaya saMgRhIta kiye haiM jo gAyakabAr3a orieNTala sIrIja dvArA prakAzita haiN| : kucha vidyamAna purANa, yathA-vAyu0, viSNu, mArkaNDeya0, matsya, kUrmaH / : kAtyAyanasmRti (abhI taka prApta nahIM ho sakI hai)| : varAhamihira, paJcasiddhAntikA, bRhatsaMhitA, bRhajjAtaka Adi ke lekhaka / : kAdambarI evaM harSacarita ke lekhaka baann|| : pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI para kAzikA'-vyAkhyAkAra vAmana jayAditya / : kumArila kA tntrvaartik| : adhikAMza smRtiyA~, yathA-parAzara, zaMkha, devala tathA kucha purANa, yathA agni0, garur3a : mahAn advaitavAdI dArzanika shNkraacaary| : yAjJavalkyasmRti ke TIkAkAra vizvarUpa / : manusmRti ke TIkAkAra meghaatithi| : varAhamihira ke bRhajjAtaka ke TIkAkAra utpl| : bahuta se granthoM ke lekhaka dhArezvara bhoj| : yAjJavalkyasmRti kI TIkA mitAkSarA ke lekhaka vijnyaaneshvr| : manusmRti ke TIkAkAra govindraaj| kalpataru yA kRtyakalpataru nAmaka vizAla dharmazAstra viSayaka nibandha ke lekhaka lkssmiidhr| : dAyabhAga, kAlaviveka evaM vyavahAramAtRkA ke lekhaka jImUtavAhana / : prAyazcittaprakaraNa evaM anya granthoM ke racayitA mavadeva mtttt| : aparArka, zilAhAra rAjA ne yAjJavalkyasmRti para eka TIkA likhii| : bhAskarAcArya, jo siddhAntaziromaNi ke, jisakA lIlAvatI eka aMza hai, praNetA haiN| : somezvara deva kA mAnasollAsa yA abhilssitaarthcintaamnni| : kalhaNa kI raajtrNginnii| : hAralatA evaM pitRdayitA ke praNetA aniruddha bhtttt| : zrIdhara kA smRtyrthsaar| : manusmRti ke TIkAkAra kulluuk| : gautama evaM Apastamba dharmasUtroM tathA kucha gRhyasUtroM ke TIkAkAra hrvtt| : devaNNa bhaTTa kI smRticndrikaa| : dhanaJjaya ke putra, brAhmaNasarvasva ke praNetA halAyudha / : hemAdri kI caturvargacintAmaNi / 1100-1150 (I0 u0) 1100-1150 (I0 u0) 1100-1130 (I0 u0) 1114-1183 (I0 u0) 1127-1138 (I0 u0) 1150-1160 (I0 u0) 1150-1180 (I0 u0) 1150-1200 (I0 u0) 1150-1300 (I0 u0) 1150-1300 (I0 u0) 1200-1225 (I0 u0) 1175-1200 (I0 u0) 1260-1270 (I0 u0)

Page #18
1200 - 1300 ( I0 u0 ) 1275 - 1310 ( I0 u0 ) 1300-1370 ( I0 u0 ) 1300-1380 ( I0 u0 ) 1300 - 1380 ( I0 u0 ) 1360 - 1390 ( I0 u0 ) 1360 - 1448 ( I0 u0 ) 1375 -- 1440 ( I0 u0 ) 1375 - 1500 ( I0 u0 ) 1400 - 1500 ( I0 u0 ) 1400 - 1450 ( I0 u0 ) 1400 - 1450 ( I0 u0 ) 1425 - 1460 ( I0 u0 ) 1425- 1490 ( I0 u0 ) 1450 - 1500 ( I0 u0 ) 1490 - - 1512 ( I0 u0 ) 1490 - 1515 ( I0 u0 ) 1500 - 1525 ( I0 u0 ) 1500 - 1540 ( I0 u0 ) 1513 - 1580 ( I0 u0 ) 1520-- 1575 ( I0 u0 ) 1520 - 1589 ( I0 u0 ) 1560 - 1620 ( I0 u0 ) -819 varadarAja kA vyavahAranirNaya / pitRbhakti, samaya pradIpa evaM anya granthoM ke praNetA zrIdatta / : gRhastharatnAkara, vivAdaratnAkara, caNDezvara / : vaidika saMhitAoM evaM brAhmaNoM ke bhASyoM ke saMgrahakarttA sAyaNa / : parAzarasmRti kI TIkA parAzaramAdhavIya tathA anya granthoM ke racayitA evaM sAyaNa ke bhAI mAdhavAcArya | kriyAratnAkara Adi ke racayitA bhadanapAla evaM usake putra ke saMrakSaNa meM madanapArijAta evaM mahArNavaprakAza kiye gaye / : gaMgAvAkyAvalI Adi granthoM ke praNetA vidyApati ke janma evaM maraNa kI tithiyA~ | dekhie iDiyana aiNTikverI (jilda 14, pR0 190 - 191), jahA~ devasiMha ke putra zivasiMha dvArA vidyApati ko pradatta bisapI nAmaka grAmadAna ke zilAlekha meM cAra tithiyoM kA vivaraNa upasthita kiyA gayA hai (yathAzaka 1321, saMvat 1455, la0sa0 283 evaM san 807 ) / : yAjJavalkya 0 kI TIkA dIpakalikA, prAyazcittaviveka, durgotsavaviveka evaM anya granthoM ke lekhaka zUlapANi / : vizAla nibandha dharmatattva kalAnidhi (zrAddha, vyavahAra Adi ke prakAzoM meM vibhAjita ) ke lekhaka evaM nAgamalla ke putra pRthvIcandra / : tantravArtika ke TIkAkAra somezvara kI nyAyasudhA / : misarU mizra kA vivAdacandra / : madanasiMha deva dvArA saMgRhIta vizAla nibandha madanaratna / : zuddhiviveka, zrAddhaviveka Adi ke lekhaka rudraghara / : zuddhicintAmaNi, tIrthacintAmaNi Adi ke racayitA vAcaspati / : daNDaviveka, gaMgAkRtyaviveka Adi ke racayitA vardhamAna / : dalapati kA vyavahArasAra, jo nRsiMhaprasAda kA eka bhAga hai| : dalapati kA nRsiMhaprasAda, jisake bhAga haiM- zrAddhasAra, tIrthasAra, prAyazcittasAra Adi / : pratAparudradeva rAjA ke saMrakSaNa meM saMgRhIta sarasvatIvilAsa / : zuddhikaumudI, zrAddhakriyAkaumudI Adi ke praNetA govindAnanda / : prayogaratna, antyeSTipaddhati, tristhalIsetu ke lekhaka nArAyaNa bhaTTa / : zrAddhatattva, tIrthatattva, zuddhitattva, prAyazcittatattva Adi ke lekhaka raghunandana / : ToDaramala ke saMrakSaNa meM ToDarAnanda ne kaI sokhyoM meM zuddhi, tIrtha, prAyazcitta, karmavipAka evaM anya 15 viSayoM para grantha likhe / : dvaitanirNaya yA dharmadvaitanirNaya ke lekhaka zaMkara bhaTTa /

Page #19
1590 -- 1630 ( I0 u0 ) 1610 - 1640 ( I0 u0 ) 1610 - 1640 ( I0 u0 ) 1610 - 1645 ( I0 u0 ) 1650-1680 ( I0 u0 ) 1700 -- 1740 ( I0 u0 ) 1700 -- 1750 ( I0 u0 ) 1790 ( I0 u0 ) 1730 - 1820 ( I0 u0 ) - 18 - : vaijayantI ( viSNudharmasUtra kI TIkA), zrAddhakalpalatA, zucintrikA eva dattakamImAMsA ke lekhaka nanda paNDita / : nirNayasindhu tathA vivAdatANDava, zUdrakamalAkara Adi 20 granthoM ke lekhaka kamalAkara bhaTTa / : mitra mizra kA vIramitrodaya, jisake bhAga haiM tIrthaprakAza, prAyazcittaprakAza, zrAddhaprakAza Adi / : prAyazcitta, zuddhi, zrAddha Adi viSayoM para 12 mayUkhoM meM (yathA-nItimayUkha, vyavahAramayUkha Adi) racita bhAgavatabhAskara ke lekhaka nIlakaNTha / : rAjadharmakaustubha ke praNetA anantadeva / : vaidyanAtha kA smRtimuktAphala / : tIrthenduzekhara, prAyazcittenduzekhara, zrAddhenduzekhara Adi lagabhaga 50 granthoM ke lekhaka nAgeza bhaTTa yA nAgoji bhaTTa / : dharmasindhu ke lekhaka kAzInAtha upAdhyAya / : mitAkSarA para 'bAlambhaTTI' nAmaka TIkA ke lekhaka bAlambhaTTa /

Page #20
caturtha khaNDa pAtaka, prAyazcitta, karmavipAka, antyeSTi, Azauca, zuddhi, zrAddha aura tIrthayAtrA

Page #21

Page #22
adhyAya 1 pAtaka (pApa) pApa-sambandhI bhAvanA vibhinna dharmoM, yugoM evaM dezoM meM vibhinna prakAra kI rahI hai| hama yahA~ vaidika kAla se lekara madhya kAla ke nibandhoM evaM dharmazAstra sambandhI TIkAoM ke kAla taka bhArata meM pApa sambandhI mata ke udaya evaM vikAsa ke viSaya meM vivecana upasthita kreNge| pApa kI paribhASA denA kaThina hai| pApa yA pAtaka aisA zabda hai jisakA AcAra-zAstra kI apekSA dharma se adhika sambandha hai / sAmAnyataH aisA kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha eka aisA kRtya hai jo Izvara yA usake dvArA prakAzita kisI vyavahAra (kAnUna) ke ullaMghana athavA jAna-bUjhakara usake virodha karane se udbhUta hotA hai; yaha Izvara kI usa icchA kA virodha hai jo kisI prAmANika grantha meM abhivyakta rahatI hai; athavA yaha usa grantha meM pAye jAnevAle niyamoM ke pAlana meM asaphalatA kA paricAyaka hai / ' RRgveda meM pAtaka ke sambandha meM unmeSazAlinI evaM hRdaya-sparzanI abhivyaJjanAe~ pAyI jAtI haiM aura yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki prAcIna RSiyoM meM pAparahita hone kI uddAma icchA pAyI jAtI thii| Rgveda kI pAtaka-sambandhI bhAvanA RR kI dhAraNA se gumphita hai| hama yahA~ para Rta kI dhAraNA ke viSaya meM savistara nahIM likheMge, kintu eka saMkSipta vivecana anivArya - sA hai, kyoMki binA usake pAtaka sambandhI vaidika siddhAnta nahIM abhivyakta kiyA jA sktaa| 1. Ajakala pUrva aura pazcima ke bahuta se vyakti pApa ke astitva meM vizvAsa nahIM krte| apanI pustaka 'sina eNDa vi nyU sAikaoNlojI' pR0 19 meM bAraboara ne likhA hai- "aisI dhAraNA bahuta ghara karatI calI jA rahI hai ki IsAI bhAvanA meM pApa nAma kI koI vastu nahIM hai| kisI vyakti kA jIvana duSkarma se paripUrNa ho sakatA hai jisake phalasvarUpa usakA vyaktitva vicchinna ho sakatA hai, kintu yaha pApa nahIM hai| yaha mAnasika duSkarma hai jisakI vyAkhyA ke mUla meM mAnasika kAraNa haiM aura sambhavataH manovaijJAnika cikitsA se yaha dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai..." bahuta loga 'kahA karate haiM; 'to satya yA jhUTha kucha nahIM hai (athavA acchA yA burA kucha nahIM hai) / pratyeka bhAvanAgraMthiyoM kA pratiphala hai|' isakA pariNAma pApa ke prati sahaja sahiSNutA ke rUpa meM abhivyakta huA hai| 'krizciyana DaoNkTrina' nAmaka apane lekha meM sara Alivara laoNja (himbarTa jarnala, 1903 -4, pR0 466) ne kahA hai---"Aja kA ucca vyakti pApoM ke viSaya meM kucha bhI batA nahIM karatA, daNDoM ke viSaya meM to bAta hI dUsarI hai| usakA uddezya yadi vaha kisI kAma kA hai to, khAte-pIte jAnA hai aura yadi vaha truTipUrNa athavA nAsamajha ho jAtA hai to kaSTa kI sambhAvanA karatA hai|" prAcIna bhArata ke nAstikoM meM pramukha cArvAka ke anuyAyI gaNa kahA karate the-- jaba taka jIvana rahe, vyakti ko AnandoM ke bIca vicaraNa karanA cAhie ( yAvad jIvet sukhaM jIvet); use dUsaroM se RNa lekara khUba DaTakara khAnA cAhie (RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pivet) / jaba zarIra jalakara bhasma ho jAtA hai to isa saMsAra meM phira se AnA nahIM hotA ( bhasmIbhUtasya dehasya punarAgamanaM kutaH ) /

Page #23
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa Rta ke tIna svarUpa haiM-- ( 1 ) isakA tAtparya hai "prakRti kI gati" yA "akhila brahmAMDa meM eka-sA sAmAnya krama", (2) yajJa ke saMdarbha meM isakA tAtparya hai "devatAoM kI pUjA kI samyak evaM vyavasthita vidhi", (3) isakA tIsarA tAtparya hai "mAnava kA naitika AcaraNa" / Rta ke ina tIna svarUpoM para prakAza DAlane ke lie kucha udAharaNa diye jAte haiN| eka sthAna para Rgveda (412308-10 ) ke tIna maMtroM meM Rta zabda bAraha bAra apane vyApaka rUpa ke sAtha AyA hai - "Rta meM paryApta jala ( samRddhiyA~ evaM prItidAna yA upahAra ) haiM; Rta-sambandhI vicAra (stuti) duSkRtyoM (pAtakoM ) kA nAza karatA hai, Rta ke viSaya meM uttama evaM dIpyamAna (unmeSakArI) stuti (stotra ) manuSya ke badhira kAnoM meM praveza kara jAtI hai / Rta ke Azraya sthira hote haiM; isakI (bhautika) abhivyaktiyA~ bahuta-sI haiM aura zarIra (manuSya) ke lie sukhaprada ( saumya ) haiM / Rta ke dvArA ve (manuSya) bhojana kI AkAMkSA karate haiN| gaue~ (sUrya kI kiraNeM ) Rta dvArA Rta meM praviSTa huii| jo Rta para vijaya prApta karatA hai, vaha use pAtA hai| Rta ke lie (svarga) evaM pRthivI vistRta evaM gahare haiM; (ye) do ati ucca gaue~ ( arthAt svarga evaM pRthivI) Rta ke lie dUdha (kAMkSAe~ yA upahAra ) detI haiN| isI prakAra anya maMtra bhI haiM, yathA-- Rgveda (202804; 1|105 / 12; 1 / 164 / 11; 1 / 124 / 3; 1 / 123/9; 4|51 / 1; 1 / 136 / 2; 1 / 121 / 4 ) / 1016 bahuta-se vaidika devatA Rta ke dikpAloM, pravartakoM yA sArathiyoM ke rUpa meM varNita haiN| mitra aura varuNa Rta ke dvArA hI vizva para rAjya karate haiM (R0 5 / 63 / 7 ) ; mitra, varuNa evaM arthamA Rta ke sArathi kahe gaye haiM (8|66 / 12); tathA aditi evaM bhaga Rta ke rakSaka haiM ( 6 / 51 / 3) / agni ko Rta kA rathI ( 3 / 2 / 8), rakSaka (11118; 3|10|2; 1018/5; 10 / 118 / 7) aura RtAvAn (4 / 2 / 1) kahA gayA hai| soma ko Rta kA rakSaka (914814, 927318) aura usakA AzrayadAtA (9197 / 24) kahA gayA hai| Rgveda ( 7366 / 13 ) meM AdityoM ko RtAvAn ( prakRti ke sthira krama ke anusAra kArya karanevAle), RtajAta (Rta se utpanna ) evaM RtAvRSa (Rta ko bar3hAnevAle yA Rta meM Ananda lenevAle) kahA gayA hai aura ve anRta ke bhayaMkara vidveSI kahe gaye haiM / Rta evaM yajJa meM antara hai| yaha koI viziSTa yajJiya kRtya nahIM hai aura na yajJa kA koI vidhaan| yaha sAmAnya artha meM yajJa kI suvyavasthita gati athavA vyavasthA kA dyotaka hai| Rgveda (41334 ) meM agni ko Rtacit (Rta ko bhalI bhAMti jAnanevAlA yA pAlana karanevAlA ) kahA gayA hai, yA use ( yajJa ke ) Rta ko jAnane ke lie udvelita kiyA gayA hai; kaI maMtroM meM 'Rtena, Rtam' jaise zabda Aye haiM (4/3/9; 5 / 1512; 5/68/4 ), jinameM 'Rtena' kA saMbhavata: artha hai yajJiya kRtyoM kI samyak gati tathA 'Rtam' kA artha hai vizva meM vyavasthita (niyamita) krama / soma ko dazApavitra (9/73 | 9) para phailAyA gayA Rta kA sUtra ( sUta yA dhAgA ) kahA gayA hai| dekhie Rgveda ke ye maMtra 11844, 4 / 1 / 13, 17113, 10/67/2 evaM 10 3711, jahA~ yajJoM meM Rta ke vyApaka sambandha kI ora nirdeza hai| 2. Rtasya hi zurudhaH santi pUrvorRtasya dhItirvRjinAni hanti / Rtasya zloko badhirA tatadaM karNA budhAnaH zucamAna AyoH // Rtasya dRvhA dharuNAni santi purUNi candrA vapuSe vapUMSi / Rtena dIrghamaSaNanta pRkSa Rtena gAva RtamAvivezuH // RtaM yemAna RtamidvanotyRtasya zuSmasturayA u gavyuH / RtAya pRthvI bahule gabhIre RtAya dhenU parame duhAte // (R0 4 / 23 / 8-10 ) / nirukta ne Rta kA artha 'jala' kiyA hai aura usakI vyAkhyA nimna rUpa se kI hai--Rtasya prazA varjanIyAni hanti Rtasya zloko badhirasyApi karNau AtRNatti / badhiraH baddhazrojaH / karNau bodhayan dIpyamAnazca AyoH ayanasya manuSyasya jyotiSo vA udakasya vA /

Page #24
ta evaM anUta (sat evaM asat) kI bhAvanA 1017 naitikatA - sambandhI AdezoM (utpreraNAoM) ke rUpa meM Rta kI dhAraNA kaI sthAnoM para vyakta huI hai| Rgveda ( 119026, madhu vAtA RtAyate madhu kSaranti sindhavaH) meM AyA hai; havAeM madhu (miThAsa) DhotI haiM ( vahana karatI haiM), yahI nadiyA~ bhI unake lie karatI haiM jo Rta dhAraNa karate haiN| Rgveda (5 / 12 / 2) meM AyA hai - "he Rta ko jAnanevAle agni, kevala Rta ko hI ( mujhameM) jAno... . maiM bala dvArA yA dvidhAbhAva se indrajAla (jAdU) kA Azraya nahIM lUMgA, maiM bhUre baila ( arthAt agni) ke Rta kA pAlana kruuNgaa|" punaH AyA hai (10 / 87111 ) ; " he agni, vaha durAtmA jo Rta ko anRta se pIr3A detA hai ( ghAyala karatA hai), tumhArI ber3iyoM meM tIna bAra ba~dha jAya / " yama ne apanI ora bar3hatI huI yamI ko manA karate hue kahA hai-- ( R0101014) "jo hamane kabhI nahIM kiyA (kyA use hama abhI kareMge ? ) ; kyA hama, jaba hamane sadaiva ( aba taka) Rta kahA hai, aba anRta kaheMge ? (RtA vadanto anRtaM rapema ) / " do-tIna sthAnoM para Rta ko devatva athavA aizvarya ke rUpa meM hI ullikhita kiyA gayA hai, yathA "he agni, hama logoM ke lie mitra evaM varuNa devatAoM tathA bRhat Rta kI Ahuti do" (R0 1175/5 ) / isI prakAra mahat Rta kA varNana aditi, dyAvApRthivI ( svarga evaM pRthvI), indra, viSNu, bharutoM Adi ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai (R0 10 166/4) / Rgveda meM kaI sthAnoM para Rta evaM satya kA antara spaSTa huA hai| udAharaNArthaM Rgveda (5/5112 ) ne vidave devoM ko RdhItayaH (jinake vicAra Rta para aTala haiM) evaM satyadharmANa: (jinakI viziSTatA satya hai yA jinake dharma sacce haiM) kahA hai| Rgveda ke eka mantra (10 / 113 / 4 ) meM Rta evaM satya donoM zabda Aye haiM aura inakA artha ekasA lagatA hai| eka sthAna (10 / 19011 ) para donoM pRthak-pRthak 'tapa' se udbhUta mAne gaye haiN| Rta zabda kA grahaNa bRhat artha meM huA hai aura satya apane maulika sImita artha (sthira krama yA vyavasthA) meM prayukta huA hai| anRta zabda Rta evaM satya ke virodhI artha meM prayukta huA haiM (R0 10/10/4 7 49 3; 10 / 124|5 ) | vaidika sAhitya meM bhI kramaza: Age calakara Rta zabda pIche raha gayA aura satya zabda usake artha meM baiTha gayA, kintu taba bhI itastataH (yathA tai0 upa0 2 / 1 evaM 1 / 9 / 1) Rta evaM satya eka-dUsare kI sannidhi meM pAye gaye haiM / Rgveda ke RSi pAtaka yA aparAdha ke viSaya meM atyadhika saceta pAye gaye haiM aura devoM se, vizeSataH varuNa evaM AdityoM se kSamA yAcanA karate haiM aura pAtaka ke phala se chuTakArA pAne ke lie prArthanA karate haiN| isa viSaya meM unake ye zabda haiM-- Agas, enas, agha, durita, duSkRta, dugdha, aMhas / atyadhika prayukta zabda haiM Agas evaM enas jinako atyanta gambhIra evaM naitika artha meM liyA gayA hai| aura dekhie Rgveda (7 / 86 / 3 ; 7189/5 = atharvaveda 6 / 51 / 3; 2 / 2714; 2|28|5; 2|29|1) / viziSTa adhyayana ke lie dekhie Rgveda ke ye mantra -- 1 / 162 22; 11185 8; 2129/5 4112/4; 415413; 7/5111 715717 51857 787 7 7/93 7 10/36 / 12; 10137/7 evaM 9 / enasa ke sambandha meM dekhie Rgveda ( 6 51/7 6/51/8 6 74 3 7/2011; 1118911 ; 2|28|7; 7752 2; 119711-8; 2/29/5; 10 / 117/6) / aMhas ke lie dekhie Rgveda (2|28|5 2|28|6; 3|12|'14; 8|19|6; 10/36 / 2 evaM 3 ) | Rgveda meM eka anya mahattvapUrNa zabda vRjina hai, jo bahudhA sAdhu yA Rju ke virodha meM prayukta hotA hai| AdityoM se kahA gayA hai ki ve manuSyoM ke bhItara pApoM evaM sAdhu (sad vicAroM evaM karmoM) ko dekheM, aura yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki rAjAoM ke pAsa dUra kI sabhI vastue~ calI AtI haiM, arthAt rAjAoM ke lie dUra kI bastu bhI sannikaTa ho jAtI 3. RtaM cikitva Rtamicciddhi ghRtasya dhArA anu tRndhi pUrvIH / nAhaM yAtuM sahasA na dvayena RtaM zapAmyavasya vRSNaH / R0 (5 / 12 / 2) / 56

Page #25
1018 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa hai| Rgveda (2 / 27 / 2) meM AdityoM ko 'avRjinA:' (vRjinarahita) mAnA gayA hai| sUrya se yaha kahA gayA hai ki vaha manuSyoM ke acche evaM bure karmoM ko dekhe ( R0 4 / 1 / 17 ) / aura dekhie Rgveda (4 / 51 / 2 evaM 7 60/2), jahA~ sUrya lie aisA hI kahA gayA hai (Rju marteSu vRjinA ca pazyan ) / anRta zabda Rgveda meM kaI bAra AyA hai| varuNa se kahA gayA hai ki vaha manuSyoM meM unake satya evaM anRta ko dekhe / Rgveda (7/60/5 ) meM AyA hai - "mitra, aryamA evaM varuNa devatA- gaNa pApoM ko dekhate haiM; ve Rta meM nivAsa karate haiN|" "mitra, varuNa evaM arthabhA anRta ko ghRNA kI dRSTi se dekhate haiM" (6 / 66 / 13) / kabhI-kabhI durita zabda pApa ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| Rgveda (1 / 23 / 22) meM jaloM kA AhvAna isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai -- " hai jala, mujhameM jo bhI pApa hoM unheM dUra karo, maiMne viSaya-bhoga sambandhI bhUkha miTAne meM jo bhI aparAdha kiye hoM, yA jo jo jhUTha kahA ho, use dUra kro|" yahA~ para burita, droha evaM anRta zabda eka hI sthAna para haiM aura unakA artha bhI eka hI hai, arthAt devoM ke niyama ke viruddha pApa yA aparAdha / Rgveda (1 / 185 / 10) meM svarga evaM pRthivI ko krama se pitA evaM mAtA kahA gayA hai aura unheM apane pUjaka ko durita (pApa) se bacAne ko kahA gayA hai ( pAtAmavadyAritAt) / 'avadya' kA artha hai 'ga' (pANini 3 / 1 / 101) / Rgveda ( 7182/7 ) meM AyA hai - "he mitra evaM varuNa, jinake yajJa meM Apa jAte haiM unake yahA~ kahIM se bhI aMhas (pApa), durita evaM cintA nahIM aatii|" aura dekhie Rgveda (10 / 125 / 1) / Rgveda ( 8|67 / 21) meM 'aMhati' evaM 'rapas' zabdoM kA prayoga pApa ke artha meM hI huA hai| aura dekhie Rgveda ( 8 47 13 10 | 164 / 3) jahA~ duSkRta zabda pApa ke artha meM AyA hai / 'pApa' zabda pApa karanevAle arthAt pApI ke artha meM AyA hai (R0 8 / 61 / 11; 10 / 10 / 12; 4/5/5 ) | yaha zabda aparAdhI evaM duSkarma ke artha meM bhI prayukta huA hai ( R0 10 108/6; 10 | 164|5; 1 / 129 / 11) / pApatva zabda bhI AyA hai (R0 7|32|18; 719413 ; 8 / 19 / 26 ) | brAhmaNa-granthoM meM 'pApam' (napuMsaka liMga) zabda pApa ke artha meM AyA hai (zatapathabrAhmaNa 11/2/7/19; aitareya brAhmaNa 33 / 5 ) / yahI bAta upaniSadoM meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai ( taittirIyopaniSad 2 / 9; chAndogyopaniSad 4 / 1413) / pApa evaM karma ke siddhAnta ke viSaya meM Age calakara upaniSadoM evaM bhagavadgItA meM kucha saMzodhana hue, jinake bAre meM hama Age pddh'eNge| uparyukta vivecana se patA calatA hai ki RgvedIya kAla meM pApa evaM aparAdha ke viSaya kI bhAvanA bhalI bhA~ti utpanna ho gayI thI, tathApi kucha yUropIya vidvAnoM ne aisA nahIM mAnA hai| kintu prasiddha vidvAn evaM yazasvI lekhaka maiksa mUlara ne unako mu~hator3a uttara diyA hai--"aparAdha kI dhAraNA kA kramika vikAsa una manorama upadezoM meM milatA hai, jinheM ina prAcIna mantroM ke kucha vacana hameM dete haiM / ' 16 vyakti ke mana meM pApa kA udaya kisa prakAra hotA hai ? sabhI kAloM meM yaha prazna kaThina samasyA kA dyotaka rahA hai| manuSya apane kiye hue pApoM ke prati saceta rahate haiN| bhale hI unheM pApa ke udaya ke siddhAnta ke viSaya meM jAnakArI na ho| (Rgveda (7 / 86 / 6 ) meM eka RSi kA varuNa se kathana hai ki pApa kisI vyakti kI zakti ke kAraNa nahIM hotA, pratyuta yaha bhAgya, surA, krodha, dyUta (juA), asAvadhAnI ke kAraNa hotA hai, yahA~ taka ki svapna bhI duSkRtya karA DAlatA 4. antaH pazyanti vRjinota sAdhu sarvaM rAjabhyaH paramA cidanti / R0 (2 / 2713 ) ; A sUryo bRhatastiSThad aat Rju marteSu vRjinA ca pazyan / R0 (4 / 1 / 17 ) / 5. imApaH pravahata thakka ca duritaM mayi / yadvAhamabhidudroha yadvA zeSa utAnRtam // Rgveda (1 / 23 / 22 ) / 6. sekreDa 'buka Ava di IsTa, jilda 1, pR0 22 /

Page #26
pApa kI bhAvanA kA vistAra 1019 hai| kauSItaki-brAhmaNopaniSad (3 / 9) meM aisA AyA hai-"sabake svAmI arthAt Izvara usako, jo acchA (sAdhu) karma karatA hai, acche lokoM kI ora uThAne kI icchA rakhate haiM aura jise ve nIce khIMca lAnA cAhate haiM usase dRSTa asAdha karma karAte haiN| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki Izvara kucha logoM ko bacAne ke lie aura kucha logoM ko girAne ke lie cuna letA hai| yaha vAkya kailvinavAdI pUrva-nizcitatA ke siddhAnta kI dhvani prakaTa karatA hai| bhagavadgItA (3136) meM arjuna ne zrI kRSNa se pUchA hai--"kisase prerita hokara vyakti na cAhate hue bhI anAyAsa pApa-kRtya kara jAtA hai?" diyA huA uttara yaha hai (3|37)---"rjogunn se utpanna viSayecchA evaM krodha manuSya ke zatru haiN|" eka sthAna (16 / 21) para bhagavadgItA meM AyA hai---"naraka meM praveza ke lie tIna dvAra haiM, inase apanA nAza ho jAtA hai (aura ye haiM) kAma, krodha evaM lobha, ataH manuSya ina tInoM ko chor3a de|" kintu isa kathana se samasyA kA samAdhAna nahIM hotaa| prazna to yaha hai--manuSya ke mana meM kAma, krodha evaM lobha kA udaya hI kyoM hotA hai ? sAMkhya darzana ke mata se isa prazna kA uttara yaha hai--"gaNa tIna haiM; sattva, raja evaM tama, ye vibhinna anupAtoM meM manuSya meM pAye jAte haiM, aura rajoguNa ke kAraNa hI manuSya duSkRtya karatA pAyA jAtA hai|" zAntiparva (adhyAya 163) meM AyA hai ki krodha evaM kAma Adi teraha atyanta zaktizAlI zatra manuSya meM pAye jAte haiM, aisA kahA gayA hai ki krodha lobha se utpanna hotA hai aura lobha ajJAna se udita hotA hai (zloka 7 evaM 11) / kintu usa adhyAya meM ajJAna ke udaya ke viSaya meM santoSajanaka viveca gautama (1942) kA kathana hai-"vizva meM manaSya duSkarmoM se apavitra ho uThatA hai, yathA aise vyakti ke lie yajJa karanA jo yajJa karane ke ayogya hai, niSiddha bhojana karanA, jo kahane yogya na ho use kahanA, jo vyavasthita hai use na karanA tathA jo vajita hai use krnaa|" yAjJa0 (31219) kA kathana hai-"jo vihita hai use na karane se, jo vajita hai use karane se tathA indriya-nigraha na karane se manuSya gira jAtA hai (pApa karatA hai)|" aura dekhie manu (11444) evaM zAnti0 (34 / 2) / ___ bahuta prAcIna kAla se hI duSkRtyoM kI gaNanA evaM unakI koTiyoM kA nirdhAraNa hotA AyA hai / Rgveda (10/5 / 6) meM AyA hai--"kaviyoM (buddhimAnoM yA vidvAnoM) ne sAta maryAdAe~ banAyI haiM, vaha manuSya jo inameM se kisI kA atikramaNa karatA hai, pApI ho jAtA hai|" nirukta (6 / 27) ne isa mantra meM nirdezita sAta pApoM ko isa prakAra vyakta 7. na svo dakSo varuNa dhrutiH sA surA manyuvibhIdako acittiH| asti jyAyAnkanIyasa upAre svapnazcanedanRtasya pryotaa|| R0 (7 / 86 / 6) / 8. eSa hyeva sAdhu karma kArayati taM yamebhyo lokebhyo unninISate eSa u evAsAdhu karma kArayati taM yamadho niniisste| kauSItakiyA0 upa0 (3 / 9) / yahI brahmasUtra (211134 evaM 2 / 3 / 41) kA AdhAra hai| 9. vihitasyAnanuSThAnAninditasya ca sevnaat| anigrahAccendriyANAM naraH patanamRcchati // yAjJa0 (3 / 219); akurvan vihitaM karma pratiSiddhAni cAcaran / prAyazcittIyate hyevaM naro mithyA tu vartayan // zAntiparva 34 / 2 / yAjJavalkya ke prathama pAda (3 / 219) ke anusAra gautama ne pApa ke udaya ke do kAraNa kahe haiM--"atha khalvayaM puruSo yApyena karmaNA lipyate yathatadayAjyayAjanamabhakSyabhakSaNamavadyavadanaM ziSTasyAkriyA prtissiddhsevnmiti| gau0 (19 / 2) / aura dekhie zabara (jaimini 12 / 3 / 16) / 10. sapta maryAdAH kavayastatakSustAsAmekAmidabhyaMhuro gaat| R0 10 / 5 / 6; sapta eva maryAdAH kavayazcakruH / tAsAmekAmapi adhigacchannaMharavAn bhavati / steyaM talpArohaNaM brahmahatyA bhrUNahatyAM surApAnaM duSkRtasya karmaNaH punaH punaH sevAM pAtake anRtodyamiti / nirukta (6 / 27) /

Page #27
1020 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa kiyA hai - " steya (corI), tatpArohaNa (guru kI zayyA ko apavitra karanA), brahmahatyA, bhrUNahatyA, surApAna, eka hI duSkRta ko bArambAra karanA evaM anutodya (kisI pApamaya kRtya ke viSaya meM jhUTha bolanA ) / " taittirIyasaMhitA (215 / 112 5 / 3 / 12 / 1-2), zatapathabrAhmaNa (13 / 3 / 1 / 1 ) evaM anya brAhmaNa granthoM se prakaTa hotA hai ki prArambhika vaidika kAla meM brAhmaNahatyA ko sabase bar3A pApa kahA jAtA thA, kintu kAThakasaMhitA (3117) meM bhrUNahatyA ko brahmahatyA se bar3A kahA gayA hai / taittirIya brAhmaNa ne ekata, dvita evaM trita (jo pApoM ko dUra karane ke lie bali kA bakarA banatA thA ) kathA kahate hue nimna pApiyoM kI gaNanA kI hai-- sUryAbhyudita ( jo sUryodaya hone taka sotA rahatA hai), sUryAbhinirmukta ( jo sUryAsta ke samaya hI so jAtA hai), jisake nakha evaM dA~ta kAle hoM, apravidhiSu (jo bar3A bahina ke avivAhita rahate choTI bahina kA vivAha racatA hai), bar3A bhAI jo abhI avivAhita hai aura jisakA choTA bhAI vivAhita ho gayA hai (arthAt yaha avivAhita bar3A bhAI jisake choTe bhAI kA vivAha ho gayA ho ), vaha vyakti jo agnihotra ko tyAga detA hai tathA brahmahatyArA ( tai0 vA0 312 / 8 / 11) / aura dekhie kAThakasaMhitA ( 31 / 7 ) evaM atharvaveda ( 6 | 113) / trita kI kathA kA AdhAra Rgveda ( 8|47/13 ) meM bhI hai| ApastambadharmasUtra ( 2 / 5 / 12 / 22 ) ne taittirIya brAhmaNa kI sUcI meM kucha anya pApiyoM kI saMjJAe~ jor3a dI haiM, yathA - didhiSupati ( usa strI kA pati jisakI choTI bahina kA vivAha pahale ho cukA rahatA hai), paryAhita ( vaha bar3A bhAI jisake pUrva choTA bhAI agnihotra Arambha kara letA hai), parivividAna ( vaha choTA bhAI jo bar3e bhAI ke pUrva paitRka sampatti kA dAyAMza le letA hai), parivinna ( vaha bar3A bhAI jisake pUrva choTA bhAI paitRka sampatti kA dAyAMza le letA hai ) / chAndogyopaniSad (511019 ) ne eka uddharaNa dekara pA~ca pApiyoM ke nAma ginAye haiM- sonA curAnevAlA, surA pInevAlA, guru kI zayyA apavitra karanevAlA, brAhmaNa kI hatyA karanevAlA, tathA vaha jo ina cAroM kA sAtha karatA hai|" bRhadAraNyakopaniSad ( 4 / 3 / 22 ) ne cora evaM bhrUNahatyAre ko mahApApiyoM meM ginA hai| pApoM kI saMkhyA aura unakI koTiyoM ke viSaya meM sUtroM meM vibhinna mata pAye gaye haiN| ApastambadharmasUtra ne pApoM do koTiyA~ dI haiM; patanIya (ve pApa jinase jAticyutatA kI prApti hotI hai) evaM azucikara (ve pApa jinase jAtictatA to nahIM prApta hotI kintu azucitA prApta hotI hai ) / Apastamba0 ( 1/7/2117-11) ke anusAra patanIya pApa ye haiM-sone kA steya (corI), abhizasta ( lAMchita) karanevAle aparAdha, adhyayana se prApta vaidika vidyA kA upekSA yA pramAda ke kAraNa pUrNa hAMsa, bhrUNahatyA, apanI mAtA yA pitA yA unakI santAnoM ke sambandhiyoM se (arthAt aise sambandhiyoM se jo eka hI prakAra ke garbha se udita hue mAne gaye haiM) vyabhicAra-saMsarga, surApAna, varjita logoM se saMbhoga-sambandha, AcAryA ( strI-guru arthAt adhyApikA Adi) kI sakhI se saMbhoga - kRtya, apane guru (pitA Adi ) kI sakhI se saMbhoga - kRtya, kisI ajanavI kI patnI se saMbhoga kRtya, tathA inake atirikta (jo varNita nahIM haiM) anya adharmoM athavA anaitika kAryoM kA lagAtAra pAlana / Apastamba 0 ( 1 / 7 / 21 / 10 ) kA kathana hai ki kucha logoM ke mata se kisI guru kI patnI ke atirikta kisI anya strI se saMbhoga patanIya nahIM hai| azucikara pApa kRtya Apastamba 0 1 / 7 / 12 / 12-18) ye haiM---zUdroM se Arya nArI dvArA saMbhoga karanA; kutte, mAnava, grAma ke kukkuTa (murge) yA grAma ke zUkara ( sUara ) aise pazuoM kA varjita mAMsa sevana mAnava kA mala-mUtra khAnA; zUdra dvArA chor3A gayA bhojana karanA; apapAtra striyoM ke sAtha Arya puruSoM kA saMbhoga / kucha logoM ke mata se azucikara karma bhI patanIya ThaharAye 11. tadeSa zlokaH / steno hiraNyasya surAM pivaMzca gurostalpamAvasan brahmahA / caMte patanti catvAraH paJcamazcAcaraMstaiH // chA0 upa0 (5 / 10 / 9 ) /

Page #28
pApoM kA vargIkaraNa 1021 gaye haiN| Apastamba 0 ( 17|21|19 ) kA kathana hai ki varNita pApa kRtyoM ke atirikta anya duSkRtya azucikara samajhe jAne caahie| Apastamba 0 ( 1 / 9 / 24 / 6- 9 ) ne abhizasta logoM ko isa prakAra ullikhita kiyA hai vaha abhizasta hai jo vedajJa yA somayajJa ke lie dIkSita prathama do varNoM ke (brAhmaNa evaM kSatriya) logoM kI hatyA karatA hai, jo sAdhAraNa brAhmaNa ( jisane vedAdhyayana nahIM kiyA hai yA somayajJa ke lie dIkSita nahIM huA hai) kI hatyA karatA hai, jo kisI brAhmaNa ke bhrUNa kI hatyA karatA hai (bhale hI bhrUNa kA liMga jAnA na jA sake ) yA jo AtreyI (rajasvalA) kI hatyA karatA hai / vasiSThadharmasUtra ( 1 / 19-23) ne pApiyoM ko tIna koTiyoM meM bA~TA hai; enasvI, mahApAtakI evaM upapAtakI enasvI ve hI haiM jinakA varNana Apastamba0 / ( 2 / 5 / 12 / 22 ) meM huA hai, antara kevala itanA hai ki vasiSTha ne Apastamba0 ke brahmojjha (vedatyAgI, jo usake anusAra patanIya hai) ko enasvI mAnA hai / vasiSTha 0 ( 2014- 12 ) ne pratyeka enasvI ke lie viziSTa prAyazcitta kI vyavasthA kI hai| enasvI sAdhAraNa pAtakI ko kahate haiM / vasiSTha0 ke anusAra mahApAtaka pA~ca haiM--guru kI zayyA ko apavitra karanA, surApAna, bhrUNa ( vidvAn brAhmaNa) kI hatyA, brAhmaNa ke hiraNya kA steya ( sone kI corI) evaM patita se saMsarga / upapAtakI ye haiM -- jo vaidika agnihotra chor3a detA hai, jo guru ko ( apane aparAdha se ) kupita karatA hai, nAstika ( jo nAstikoM ke yahA~ jIvikA kA arjana karatA hai) yA jo soma latA becatA hai| baudhAyanadharmasUtra (211 ) ne pApoM ko patanIya, upapAtaka evaM azucikara nAmaka koTiyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| inameM se prathama meM ye Ate haiM -- samudra-saMyAna, brAhmaNa kI sampatti yA nyAsa (dharohara ) kA apaharaNa, bhUmyanRta (bhUmi ke vivAdoM meM asatya sAkSya denA ), sarvapaNya-vyavahAra (sabhI prakAra kI vyApArika vastuoM kA vyApAra), zUdrasevA, zUdrAbhijanana ( zUdrA se santAnotpatti ) / baudhAyana 0 ( 2 / 1 / 60-61 ) ke anusAra upapAtaka ye haiM-- agamyAgamana ( varjita striyoM ke sAtha sambhoga ), strIguru - sakhI (nArI guru athavA AcAryA kI sakhI) ke sAtha sambhoga yA gurusakhI ( puruSa guru kI sakhI) ke sAtha sambhoga yA apapAtra strI yA patita strI ke sAtha sambhoga, bheSajakaraNa ( bheSajavRtti kA pAlana ), grAmayAjana ( grAma ke lie purohita - kArya ), gopajIvana (abhinaya Adi se jIvikA sAdhana ), nATyAcAryatA ( nRtya, gAna yA abhinaya kI guru vRtti), gomahiSIrakSaNa evaM anya nIca vRttiyA~ tathA kanyAdUSaNa (kanyA ke sAtha vyabhicAra ) / azucikara pApa nimna haiM--dyUta (juA), abhicAra, anAhitAgni arthAt jisane agnihotra nahIM kiyA yA tyAga diyA usake dvArA ucchavRtti (kheta meM gire anna ke dAne cunakara khAnA), vedAdhyayana ke uparAnta bhaikSyacaryA (bhikSA- vRtti), vedAdhyayana ke uparAnta ghara para lauTe hue vyakti kA punaradhyayana ke lie gurukula meM cAra mAsa se adhika nivAsa, jisane adhyayana samApta kara liyA ho usako par3hAnA tathA nakSatra - nirdeza (phalita jyotiSa dvArA jIvana vRtti yA jIvikA sAdhana ) / gautama (21 / 1-3 ) ne patanIyoM ke antargata paJcamahApAtakoM evaM Apa 0 ( 1 / 7 / 21 / 9-11 ) tathA vasiSTha0 ( 1123) dvArA varNita pApoM ko sammilita kara diyA hai aura kucha anya pApoM ko bhI jor3a diyA hai, yathA-- patanIyoM ke aparAdhiyoM kA tyAga na karanA, niraparAdha sambandhiyoM kA parityAga evaM jAticyuta karAne ke lie kisI vyakti ko duSkRtya karane ke lie prerita karanA / 12. pApoM kI ye sUciyAM kevala brAhmaNa evaM kSatriyoM se sambandhita haiM, kyoMki gAya Adi kA carAnA yA vyApAra karanA vaMzyoM ke lie kisI prakAra varjita nahIM ho sakatA thA, kyoMki ye unakI viziSTa vRttiyA~ rahI haiN| dekhie Apa 0 0 sU0 (2/511017), gautama ( 10/50), manu (10 / 79) evaM yAjJa0 ( 1 / 119 ) / vaidyaka kArya yA nRtya - zikSaNavRtti athavA abhinaya-vRtti brAhmaNoM ke lie zrAddhakarma ke lie ayogya ThaharAyI gayI hai| dekhie gautama (15 / 15-16) jahA~ aise brAhmaNoM kI gaNanA kI gayI hai jo zrAddha bhojana Adi ke lie ayogya mAne gaye haiN|

Page #29

Page #30

Page #31
1024 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ko jAna-bUjhakara mAra DAlane se kisI bhI prAyazcitta se pApa kA chuTakArA nahIM ho sktaa| brAhmaNa ke atirikta tIna varNoM dvArA duSkarmoM ke viSaya meM cyavana Adi kI smRtiyoM ne pA~ca ke atirikta anya mahApAtaka bhI nirdhArita kiye haiM, yathA-kSatriyoM ke lie adaNDya ko daNDita karanA evaM raNakSetra se bhAga jAnA; vaizyoM ke lie jhUThA mAna (bATa) evaM tulA rakhanA; zUdroM ke lie mAMsavikraya, brAhmaNa ko ghAyala karanA, brAhmaNI se saMbhoga karanA evaM kapilA (kAlIbhUrI) gAya kA dUdha piinaa| dekhie dIpakalikA (yAjJa0 3 / 227) / yadi auSadha-prayoga meM auSadha, tela yA bhojana dene tathA kisI snAyu kI zalya-kriyA se brAhmaNa yA koI anya vyakti thA gAya mara jAya to zikSita evaM dakSa vaidya ko koI aparAdha nahIM lgtaa|" kintu yaha bAta usa vaidya ke lie nahIM hai jo mithyAcikitsaka hai| yAjJa0 (22242) ne usake lie kaI prakAra ke daNDoM kI vyavasthA dI hai| yadi koI brAhmaNa apane putra, ziSya yA patnI ko kisI aparAdha ke kAraNa koI zArIrika daNDa de jisase ve mara jAyaM to use koI pApa nahIM hotA (bhaviSyapurANa, prAya0 vi0 pR0 58; agnipurANa 173 / 5) / daNDa kA prayoga pITha para rassI yA bA~sa kI char3I se honA cAhie (sira yA chAtI para kabhI nahIM), aisA gautama (2 / 48-50), Apa0 dha0 sU0 (112 / 8 / 29-30), manu (8 / 299-300 : matsyapurANa 227/152-154), viSNa (71181-82) evaM nArada (abhyupetyAzuzrUSA 13-14) kA kathana hai| kintu manu (8 / 300) kA kathana hai ki yadi ina niyantraNoM kA atikramaNa ho to aparAdhI ko corI kA daNDa milanA caahie| aura dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, a07| prAcIna evaM madhya kAla ke dharmazAstrakAroM ke samakSa eka mahattvapUrNa prazna yaha rahA hai ki kyA Atma-rakSA ke lie koI vyakti AtatAyI brAhmaNa kI hatyA kara sakatA hai? kyA aisA karane se pApa lagegA? yA kyA use rAjA daNDita kara sakatA hai ? isa viSaya meM vibhinna mata haiM aura hamane isa para isa grantha ke khaNDa 2 adhyAya 3 evaM khaNDa 3 adhyAya 23 meM kucha sImA taka vicAra kara liyA hai| mitAkSarA kA niSkarSa bahumata kA dyotaka hai| yadi brAhmaNa AtatAyI Aga lagAne, viSa dene yA kheta ujAr3ane kI icchA se AtA hai, to Atma-rakSArtha koI usakA virodha kara sakatA hai, kintu yadi vaha AkrAmaka brAhmaNa mara jAtA hai aura AtmarakSArthI ko use mAra DAlane kI koI icchA nahIM thI to rAjA use (AtmarakSArthI ko) nahIM daNDita karatA, use kevala halakA prAyazcitta kara lenA par3atA hai, arthAt vaha brahmahatyA kA aparAdhI nahIM hotA (mitAkSarA, yAjJa0 2 / 21) / (2) surApAna yaha mahApAtaka kahA gayA hai| 'surA' zabda veda meM kaI bAra AyA hai (Rgveda 11116 / 7; 1119210H 7 / 86 / 6; 8 / 2 / 12; 10 / 107 / 9) / ise dyUta ke samAna hI pApamaya mAnA gayA hai (7 / 86 / 6) / sambhavataH yaha madhu yA kisI anya madhura padArtha se banatI thI (1 / 116 / 6-7) / yaha usa somarasa se bhinna hai jo devoM ko arpita hotA thA tathA jisakA pAna somayAjI brAhmaNa purohita karate the| dekhie taittirIya saMhitA (2 / 5 / 1 / 1), vAjasaneyI saMhitA (19 / 7) evaM zatapathabrAhmaNa (5 / 1 / 5 / 28) / isa grantha meM AyA hai-"soma satya hai, samRddhi hai aura prakAza hai; surA 14. kriyamANopakAre tu mRte vipre na pAtakam / yAjJa0 (3 / 284); auSadhaM snehamAhAraM davad gobrAhmaNAdiSu / vIyamAne vipattiH syAnna sa pApena lipyate // saMvarta (138; vizvarUpa, yAjJa0 3 / 262; mitA0, yA0 33227; prAya0 viveka, pR0 56) / aura dekhie agnipurANa (173|5)-aussdhaashupkaare tu na pApaM syAt kRte mRte| putraM ziSyaM tathA bhAyAM zAsato na mRte hyayam //

Page #32
paJca mahApAtaka 1025 asatya hai, vipannatA hai aura andhakAra hai|" aisA lagatA hai ki kAThakasaMhitA (12 / 12) ke bahuta pahale se brAhmaNa loga surApAna ko pApamaya samajhate rahe haiM; "ataH brAhmaNa surA nahIM pItA (isa vicAra se ki) usase vaha pApamaya ho jaaygaa|"5 chAndogyopaniSad (5 / 1019) ne surApAyI ko patita kahA hai| rAjA azvapati kaikeya ne AtmA vaizvAnara ke jJAnArtha samAgata pA~ca vidvAn brAhmaNoM ke samakSa garva ke sAtha kahA hai ki usake rAjya meM na to koI cora hai aura na koI mdyp|" jaba ki manu (11154) ne surApAna ko mahApAtakoM meM ginA hai, yAjJa0 (3 / 227) ne madyapa ko paMca mahApApiyoM meM ginA hai, taba hameM yaha jAnanA hai ki surA kA tAtparya kyA hai aura surApAna kaba mahApAtaka ho jAtA hai| manu (11 / 93) ke mata se surA bhojana kA mala hai aura yaha tIna prakAra kI hotI hai-(1) jo gur3a yA sIrA se bane, (2) jo ATe se bane evaM (3) jo madhUka (mahuA) yA madhu se bane (manu 11194) / bahuta-se nibandhoM meM surA ke viSaya meM savistara varNana huA hai aura nimna pratipattiyA~ upasthita kI gayI haiM-(1) sabhI tIna ucca varNoM ko ATe se banI surA kA pAna karanA niSiddha hai aura unako isake sevana se mahApAtaka lagatA hai; (2) sabhI AzramoM ke brAhmaNoM ke lie madya ke sabhI prakAra vajita haiM (gautama 2 / 25; madyaM nityaM brAhmaNaH / Apa0 dha0 sU0 115 / 17-21) / kintu gaur3I evaM mAdhvI prakAra kI surA ke sevana se brAhmaNa ko upapAtaka lagatA hai mahApAtaka nahIM, jaisA ki viSNu kA mata hai; (3) vaizyoM evaM kSatriyoM ke lie ATe se banI surA ke atirikta anya surA-prakAra nindya nahIM haiM; (4) zUdra kisI bhI prakAra kI surA kA prayoga kara sakate haiM; (5) sabhI vargoM ke vedapAThI brahmacAriyoM ko sabhI prakAra kI surA niSiddha hai| viSNu0 (22 / 83-84) ne khajUra, panasaphala, nAriyala, Ikha Adi se bane sabhI madya-prakAroM kA varNana kiyA hai| paulastya (mitA0, yAjJa0 3 / 253; bhavadevakRta prAyazcittaprakaraNa, pR0 40), zUlapANi ke prAyazcittaviveka (pR0 90) evaM prAyazcittaprakAza ne surA ke atirikta 11 prakAra kI madyoM ke nAma diye haiN| dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 3, adhyAya 34, jahA~ madyoM ke viSaya meM carcA kI gayI hai| mitAkSarA (yAjJa0 3 / 253) ne surApAna kA niSedha una baccoM ke lie, jinakA upanayana saMskAra nahIM huA rahatA tathA avivAhita kanyAoM ke lie mAnA hai, kyoMki manu (11193) ne surApAna ke lie liMga-antara nahIM batAyA hai aura prathama tIna ucca vargoM ke lie ise vayaM mAnA hai| bhaviSyapurANa ne spaSTa rUpa se brAhmaNa-nArI ke lie surApAna varjita kiyA hai| kintu kalpataru kA apanA alaga mata hai| usake anusAra strI evaM alpavayaska ko halakA prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai, jaisA ki hama Age dekheNge| vasiSTha (21 / 11) evaM yAjJa0 (36256) kA kathana hai ki brAhmaNa, kSatriya yA vaizya kI surApAna karane vAlI patnI pati ke lokoM ko nahIM jAtI aura isa loka meM kukkurI yA zUkarI ho jAtI hai| mitAkSarA (36256) kA kathana hai ki yadyapi zUdra ko madya-sevana manA nahIM hai, kintu usakI patnI ko aisA nahIM karanA caahie| surApAna kA tAtparya hai surA ko gale ke nIce utAra denaa| ataH yadi kisI vyakti ke oSThoM ne kevala surA kA sparza mAtra kiyA ho yA yadi surA mukha meM calI gayI ho kintu vyakti use ugala de, to yaha surApAna nahIM kahA jAyagA 15. tasmAd brAhmaNaH surAM na pibati pApmanA netsaMsRjyA iti / kAThaka0 (12 / 12) / dekhie tantravAtika (jaimini 1137, pR0 210) evaM zaMkarAcArya (vedAntasUtra 3 / 4 // 31) / 16. sa ha prAtaH sajihAna uvAca-na me steno janapade na kadaryo na mdypH| nAnAhitAgni vidvAnna svarI svariNI kutH|| chAndo0 upa0 (5 / 11 / 5) /

Page #33
1026 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ( arthAt mahApAtaka nahIM kahA jAyagA ) aura vyakti ko surA-sparza ke kAraNa eka halakA prAyazcita karanA par3egA ( prAyazcittaviveka, pR0 93 ) | (3) steya (corI) TIkAkAroM ke anusAra vahI corI mahApApa ke rUpa meM ginI jAtI hai jisakA saMbaMdha brAhmaNa ke kisI bhI mAtrA ke hiraNya ( sone) se ho / Apa0 dha0 sU0 (1 / 10 / 28 / 1 ) ke anusAra steya kI paribhASA yaha hai- " eka vyakti dUsare kI sampatti ke lobha evaM binA svAmI kI sammati se usake lene se cora ho jAtA hai, cAhe vaha kisI bhI sthiti na ho| " kAtyA0 (810) ne isakI paribhASA yoM kI hai - "jaba koI vyakti gupta yA prakaTa rUpa se dina yA rAta meM kisI ko usakI sampatti se vaMcita kara detA hai to yaha corI kahalAtI hai|" yahI paribhASA vyAsa kI bhI hai| apanI yogasUtravyAkhyA (23) meM vAcaspati ne steya kI paribhASA yoM kI hai--" steyamazAstrapUrvakaM dravyANAM parataH svIkaraNam", arthAt isa prakAra kisI kI sampatti le lenA jo zAstrasammata na ho / yadyapi manu (11 / 54) evaM yAjJa0 ( 3 / 227) ne kevala ' steya' (caurya) yA stena (cora) zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai kintu steya ke prAyazcitta ke viSaya meM likhate hue manu (11 / 99, 'suvarNasteyakRt') evaM yAjJa0 ( 3 / 257, 'brAhmaNasvarNahArI' ) ne yaha vizeSatA jor3a dI hai ki use sone kI corI ke aparAdha kA cora honA cAhie (yAjJa0 ke anusAra brAhmaNa ke sone kI corI ) / vasiSTha (2041) evaM cyavana (prAyazcittaviveka, pR0 117) ne brAhmaNa-suvarNa-haraNa ko mahApAtaka kahA hai aura sAmavidhAna brAhmaNa ( 1 / 6 / 1 ) ne 'brAhmaNasvaM hRtvA' zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| aura dekhie saMvarta (122) evaM vizvAmitra ( prAya0 vi0 pR0 108 ) / vizvarUpa ( yAjJa0 3 / 252, anAkhyAya Adi), mitAkSarA ( yAjJa0 3 / 257), madanapArijAta ( pR0 827-28 ), prAyazcittaprakaraNa ( pR0 72), prAyazcittaviveka ( pR0 111 ) evaM anya TIkAkAroM ne eka anya vizeSatA bhI jor3a dI hai ki curAyA huA sonA tola meM kama-se-kama 16 mAzA honA cAhie, nahIM to mahApAtaka nahIM siddha ho sakatA / ataH yadi koI vyakti kisI brAhmaNa ke yahA~ se 16 mAze se kama sonA curAtA hai yA abrAhmaNa ke yahA~ se vaha kisI bhI mAtrA ( 16 mAze se adhika bhI) sonA curAtA hai to vaha sAdhAraNa pApa ( upapAtaka) kA aparAdhI hotA hai| vAryANi (Apa0 dha0 sU0 1|10|28|2) ke mata se yadi koI bIjakoSoM meM pakate hue anAjoM (yathA muha mASa evaM canA) kI thor3I mAtrA kheta se le letA hai to vaha corI nahIM hai, yA bailagAr3I meM jAte hue koI apane bailoM ke lie thor3I ghAsa le letA hai to vaha corI ke aparAdha meM nahIM pha~satA / gautama (12 / 25 ) ke mata se koI vyakti ( binA anumati evaM binA caurya aparAdha meM pha~se ) gauoM ke lie evaM zrauta yA smArta agniyoM ke lie ghAsa, IMdhana, puSpa yA paudhe (jo gheroM se na rakSita hoM) le sakatA hai ( mAno ve usI kI sampatti yA phala puSpa Adi haiM) / manu ( 8|339 = matsya 227 / 112-113) ne bhI gautama ke samAna hI kahA hai| unhoMne ( 81341 ) eka bAta yaha bhI jor3a dI hai ki tIna ucca varNoM kA koI bhI yAtrI, yadi pAtheya ghaTa gayA ho, (binA daNDa ke bhaya se ) kisI dUsare ke kheta se do kheM evaM do mUliyA~ le sakatA hai| (4) guru- aMganAgamana mana (51 / 54) ne gurvaGganAgamana zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai kintu yAjJa0 (3 / 227) evaM vasiSTha (2013) ne aparAdhI ko gurutalpaga (jo guru kI zayyA ko apavitra karatA hai) evaM vasiSTha (1 / 20 ) ne isa pApa ko 'gurutalpa' (guru kI zayyA yA patnI) kI saMjJA dI hai / manu ( 2 / 142) evaM yAjJa ( 1134 = zaMkha 312 ) ke anusAra 'guru' kA maulika artha hai 'pitA' / gautama (2 / 56 ) ke anusAra (veda kA ) guru guruoM meM sarvazreSTha hai, kintu anya loga mAtA ko aisA kahate

Page #34
paJcamahApAtaka 1027 meM haiM / saMvarta (160) evaM parAzara (10 / 13, 'pitRdArAt samAruhya' ) kA kathana hai ki guru kA mukhya artha hai 'pitA', jaisA ki mitAkSarA ( yAjJa0 3 / 259 ) ne kahA hai / mitAkSarA evaM madanapArijAta ( pR0 835 ) jaise nibandhoM ke matAnusAra guru-aMganA kA tAtparya hai svayaM apanI mAtA / bhavadeva ne prAyazcittaprakaraNa ( pR0 80 ) guru-aMganA kA karmadhAraya samAsa kiyA hai evaM devala ne jo puruSoM meM 11 vyakti guru batalAye haiM, unakI carcA karake prAyazcittaprakaraNa ke mata kA khaNDana karate hue kahA hai ki 'guru-aMganA' yA 'gurupatnI' kA artha kevala apanI mA~ nahIM hotA, pratyuta pitA kI jAtivAlI vimAtA bhI hotA hai| madanapArijAta ( pR0 835 ) ne prAyazcittaviveka kA samarthana kiyA hai / prAyazcittamayUkha ( pR0 73 ) ne prAya0 praka0 evaM prAya0 vi0 ke doSoM ko batAkara mata prakAzita kiyA hai ki vedAdhyApaka guru kI patnI ke sAtha sambhoga bhI eka mahApAtaka hai| isa viSaya meM isane mAjJa0 ( 3 / 233 ) kA sahArA liyA hai jahA~ para gurutalpagamana' nAmaka pApa gurupatnI, putrI evaM anya sambaMdhita striyoM taka bar3hAyA gayA hai| yadi gurutalpa zabda maulika artha meM gurupatnI taka hI sImita hotA to yaha vistAra nirarthaka siddha ho gayA hotaa| prAya0 vi0 ne gautama (2 / 56, " AcArya guruoM meM sabase mahAn haiM, kucha loga mAtA ko bhI aisA kahate haiM " ) evaM viSNu 0 ( 31 / 1 - 2, "tIna vyakti ati guru haiM, arthAt mahattA meM guru se bhI bar3ha jAte haiM") kA sahArA liyA hai| viSNu ke tIna ati guru haiM mAtA, pitA evaM AcArya / prAya0 vi0 ne devala kA bhI sahArA liyA hai jinhoMne gyAraha vyaktiyoM ko guru rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA hai| prAya0 ma0 kA kathana ThIka nahIM ja~catA, kyoMki prAya0 vi0 ( pR0 134 - 135 ) ne apanA aMtima mata yaha diyA hai ki yahA~ guru kA tAtparya kevala pitA hai, AcArya Adi nahIM aura viSNu0 (36 / 4-8 ) ke anusAra gurupatnI evaM anya sambandhiyoM ke sAtha sambhoga kevala anupAtaka hai| (5) mahApAtakI - saMsarga hamane isa graMtha ke khaNDa 3, a0 27 evaM 34 meM cAra mahApAtakoM ke aparAdhiyoM ke saMsarga ke viSaya meM likha diyA hai / gautama (21 / 3), vasiSTha ( 1 / 21-22 ), manu ( 11 / 180 = zAnti0 165 / 37), yAjJa0 ( 3 / 261), viSNu 0 (35 / 3) evaM agnipurANa (170 / 1-2 ) ne saMkSepa meM vyavasthA dI hai ki jo lagAtAra eka sAla taka cAra mahApAtakiyoM kA ati saMsarga karatA hai athavA unake sAtha rahatA hai to vaha bhI mahApAtakI ho jAtA hai, aura unhoMne yaha bhI kahA hai ki yaha saMsarga usa artha meM bhI prayukta hai jaba vaha vyakti pAtakI ke sAtha eka hI vAhana yA eka hI zayyA kA sevana karatA hai| yA pAtakI ke sAtha eka hI paMkti meM khAtA hai| kintu jaba koI vyakti pAtakI se AdhyAtmika sambandha sthApita karatA hai yA karatI hai (yathA- pAtakI ko veda kI zikSA detA hai yA usase vedAdhyayana karatA hai yA usakI purohitI karatA hai yA use apane lie purohita banAtA hai) yA usake sAtha sambhoga sambandha yA vaivAhika sambandha sthApita karatA hai to vaha vyakti usI kSaNa mahApAtaka kA aparAdhI ho jAtA hai| bRhaspati ne nau prakAra ke saMsargoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jinameM prathama pA~ca halake pApa kahe gaye haiM aura zeSa cAra gambhIra, yathA-- eka hI zayyA yA Asana para baiThanA, pAtakI ke sAtha eka hI paMkti meM baiThakara khAnA, pAtakI ke bhojana banAne vAle bhANDoM ( baratanoM) meM bhojana banAnA yA usake dvArA banAye gaye bhojana kA sevana, usakA yajJiya purohita yA use apanA yajJiya purohita banAnA, usakA vedAcArya bananA yA use svayaM apanA vedAcArya banAnA, usase sambhoga karanA tathA usake sAtha eka hI pAtra meM bhojana karanA / prA0 prakA0 ke mata se saMsarga ke tIna prakAra haiM; uttama, madhyama, nikRSTa / prathama meM ye cAra Ate haiM--yauna (yonisambandha, vivAha), lauva (arthAt vaha, jo pApI kA purohita banane yA pApI ko purohita banAne se utpanna hotA hai), (veda par3hanA yA par3hAnA), ekAmatra bhojana ( eka hI pAtra meM sAtha-sAtha khaanaa)| madhyama ke pA~ca prakAra haiM - eka hI vAhana eka hI Asana, eka hI zayyA yA cAdara kA sevana, eka paMkti meM khAnA evaM sAtha-sAtha vedAdhyayana karanA (sahAdhyayana ) /

Page #35
1028 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa nikRSTa ke kaI anya prakAra haiM, yathA ghula-milakara bAta karanA, sparza karanA, eka hI pAtra meM bhojana banAnA, usase dAna lenA aadi| adhyApana tabhI duSkRtya mAnA jAyagA jaba vaha veda se sambandhita ho, isI prakAra yAjana kA sambandha hai darzapUrNamAsa, cAturmAsya, agniSToma jaise vaidika yajJoM se| mahApAtakI ko paMca Ahnika yajJoM ke sampAdana meM sahAyatA denA, use aMga (chaMda, vyAkaraNa Adi) evaM zAstra par3hAnA halake pApa haiN| parAzara (12179) kA kathana hai ki sAtha baiThane yA sone yA eka hI vAhana ke prayoga karane yA usase bolane yA eka hI paMkti meM khAne se pApa usI prakAra eka vyakti se dUsare vyakti meM pahu~ca jAte haiM (saMkramita ho jAte haiM) jaise jala para tel| yahI bAteM devala evaM chAgaleya (mitA0, yAjJa. 63 / 261; prAya0pra0pa0110; prAya0vi0pa0 145, prAyaH mayUkha 2, bhAga 1,1028) Adi meM vyavahRta pAyI jAtI haiN| prAya prakAza ke mata se kisI vyakti ke patita hone ke lie ina cAroM kA eka sAtha vyavahRta honA Avazyaka hai; alaga-alaga vyavahRta hone se pAtitya kI prApti nahIM hotI balki kevala doSa utpanna hotA hai| parAzara (1125-26) kA kathana hai ki kRtayuga meM patita se bAtacIta karane se hI vyakti patita ho jAtA hai, tretA meM use sparza karane se, dvApara meM usake ghara meM bane bhojana ke grahaNa se tathA kali meM pApamaya kRtya ke vAstavika sampAdana se; kRta yaga meM kisI ke patita hone se janapada kA tyAga kara diyA jAtA thA, tretA meM grAma, dvApara meM (patita kA) kula evaM kali meM kevala vAstavika kartA (arthAt patita) tyAjya hotA hai| madhyakAla ke lekhakoM ne saMsargadoSa ke kSetra ko kramazaH bahuta Age bar3hA diyA hai, isakA kAraNa thA saMskAra sambandhI zucitA kI bhAvanA para atyadhika bala denaa| udAharaNArtha, smRtyarthasAra (pR0 112) kA kahanA hai ki jo vyakti mahApAtakI se saMsarga rakhanevAle se saMsarga rakhatA hai, use prathama saMsargakartA kA AdhA prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai| yaha graMtha isake Age nahIM bar3ha paataa| mitAkSarA (yAjJa0 3 / 261) ke anusAra yadyapi aisA saMsargakartA patita nahIM ho jAtA tathApi use prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai aura yahAM taka ki cauthe evaM pA~caveM saMsargakartAoM ko bhI prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai, yadyapi vaha apekSAkRta halakA par3atA jAtA hai| prAya0 praka0 (pR0 109), prA0 vi0 (pR0 169-170) evaM prAyazcittatattva (pR0 547) ne Apastamba evaM vyAsa ke kucha padya uddhRta karake saMsarga kI sImA ko paryApta prazasta kara diyA hai| ApastambasmRti (301-3) kA kathana hai-"yadi koI cAMDAla cAra varNa vAloM meM kisI ke yahA~ avijJAta rUpa meM nivAsa karatA hai to gRhasvAmI ko jJAta ho jAne para prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai, prathama tIna ucca varNoM ko cAndrAyaNa yA parAka tathA zUdra ko prAjApatya vrata karanA par3atA hai| jo vyakti usake ghara meM bhojana karatA hai, use kRccha vrata karanA par3atA hai; jo dUsare saMsargakartA ke yahA~ banA bhojana karatA hai use AdhA kRcchra tathA jo isa aMtima vyakti ke ghara meM banA bhojana karatA hai use cauthAI kRccha karanA par3atA hai|" spaSTa hai, maulika saMsargakartA ke atirikta kramazaH tIna anya vyaktiyoM ko prAyazcitta karanA par3atA thaa| dayA karake smRtikAroM ne maulika saMsargakartA ke saMsarga meM AnevAle cauthe vyakti para prAyazcitta kI itizrI kara dI mata diye haiN| parA0 mAdha0 (2, pR.0 90) kA kathana hai ki parAzara ne mahApAtakiyoM ke saMsarga meM AnevAloM ke lie isa bhAvanA se koI prAyazcitta vyavasthita nahIM kiyA ki kaliyuga meM saMsargadoSa koI pApa nahIM hai aura isI se kaliyuga meM kalivaryoM kI saMkhyA meM eka anya smRti ne 'patita ke saMsarga se utpanna azucitA' eka anya kalivayaM jor3a diyA hai| maktAphala (prAyazcitta, pa0897-898) ne mAdhava ke ina zabdoM ko mAno mAnyatA de dI hai aura isa viSaya meM Na bhI ekatra kara DAle haiN| nirNayasindha ne patita-saMsarga kodoSa avazya mAnA hai kintu saMsargakartA ko patita nahIM kahA hai (3, pR0 368) / yadyapi bahuta-se aparAdha mahApAtaka kI paribhASAoM ke antargata nahIM baiTha pAte, tathApi smRtiyoM ne unheM tIna samatAoM se mahApAtakoM ke jaisA hI nindita mAnA hai| udAharaNArtha, yAjJa0 (3 / 251) ne spaSTa kahA hai ki (soma)

Page #36
paJca mahApAtaka 1029 yajJa meM lipta kSatriya yA vaizya ko jo mAratA hai yA jo bhrUNahatyA karatA hai yA kisI AtreyI nArI kI hatyA karatA hai, use brAhmaNa-hatyA kA prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai (ataH yaha vAcanika ativeza hai)| yAjJa0 (3 / 232-233) ne gurutalpagamana pAtaka ko anya sannikaTa nArI-sambandhiyoM (yathA mausI yA phUphI) ke sambhoga taka bar3hA diyA hai| ise tAdrUpya atideza kahate haiN| smRtiyoM ne bahuta-se kRtyoM ko sAmAnyata: mahApAtakoM ke samAna yA unameM se kisI eka ke samAna mAnA hai| yaha sAmya ativeza kahA jAtA hai| isa viSaya meM kucha zabda apekSita haiM / sAmAnya niyama yaha hai ki mahApAtakoM ke samAna pAtakoM ke lie Adhe prAyazcitta kA daNDa lagatA hai| vAcanika yA tApya atideza ke antargata AnevAle pAtakoM kA prAyazcitta mahApAtaka ke prAyazcitta kA tIna-cauthAI hotA hai| kintu isa viSaya meM sUtroM evaM smRtiyoM meM matabheda hai| ___ gautama (21 / 10) ke mata se kauTasAkSya (jhUThI gavAhI), aisA paizuna (cugalakhorI)jo rAjA ke kAnoM taka kisI ke aparAdha ko pahu~cA de aura guru ko jhUTha-mUTha mahApAtaka kA aparAdha lagAnA mahApAtaka ke samAna haiN| manu (11155agnipu0 168125) meM uparyukta tInoM meM se antima do evaM apanI jAti yA vidyA yA kula ke viSaya meM samRddhi evaM mahattA ke lie jhUThA vacana (yathA, brAhmaNa na hote hue bhI apane ko brAhmaNa kahanA) brahmahatyA ke barAbara kahe gaye haiN| yAjJa0 (3 / 228) ke mata se guru ko jhUTha-mUTha aparAdhI kahanA brahmahatyA ke barAbara hai aura apanI jAti yA vidyA ke viSaya meM asatya kathana karanA surApAna ke samAna hai (yAjJa0 3 / 229) / viSNu (37 / 1-3) ke mata se manu (11155) meM varNita tIna pApa upapAtakoM meM gine jAne cAhie aura koTasAkSya surApAna ke sadRza samajhA jAnA cAhie (36 / 2) / manu (1156 -agni pu0 168 / 26) kA kathana hai ki vedavismaraNa, vedanindA, kauTasAkSya, suhRdvadha, niSiddha-bhojanasevana yA aisA padArtha khAnA jise nahIM khAnA cAhie---ye chaH surApAna ke samAna haiN| dekhie yAjJa031228 jo Upara varNita hai| manu (9 / 57) ne kahA hai ki nyAsa (dharohara) yA pratibhUti, manuSya, ghor3A, cA~dI, bhUmi, ratnoM kI corI brAhmaNa ke hiraNya (sone) kI corI ke samAna haiN| yAjJa0 (3 / 230), viSNu (5 / 383) evaM agni (168 / 27) ne bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| manu (11158=agni0 168 / 128) ke mata se apanI bahina, kumAriyoM, nIca jAti kI nAriyoM, mitrapatnI yA putrapatnI ke sAtha viSayabhoga kA sambandha gurutalpazayana, guru-zaiyyA ko apavitra karane ke pApa ke samAna haiN| yAjJa0 (3 / 231) ne bhI yahI bAta kahI hai, kintu sUcI meM sagotra nArI-sambhoga bhI jor3a diyA hai| gautama (23 // 12) evaM manu (11 / 170) bahuta sImA taka eka dUsare ke samAna haiN| yAjJa0 (3 / 232-232) ne ghoSita kiyA hai ki usa vyakti kA, jo apanI mausI yA phUphI, mAmI, putravadhU, vimAtA, bahina, guru kI patnI yA putrI yA apanI putrI ke sAtha sambhoga karatA hai, liMga kATa lenA cAhie aura use rAjA dvArA prANadaNDa milanA cAhie aura usa nArI kI, yadi usakI sahamati rahI ho, hatyA kara DAlanI caahie| nArada (strI-pusayoga, zloka 73-75) kA kathana hai-"yadi vyakti mAtA, mausI, sAsa, mAmI, phUphI, cAcI, mitrapatnI, ziSyapatnI, bahina, bahina kI sakhI, putravadhU, AcAryapatnI, sagotra nArI, dAI, vratavatI nArI evaM brAhmaNa nArI ke sAtha sambhoga karatA hai, vaha gurutalpa nAmaka vyabhicAra ke pApa kA aparAdhI ho jAtA hai| aise duSkRtya ke lie zizna-karvana ke atirikta koI aura daNDa nahIM hai|" uparyukta donoM (yAjJa0 evaM nArada) ke vacanoM se vyakta hotA hai ki zizna-kartana evaM mRtyu-daNDa isa prakAra ke aparAdha ke lie prAyazcitta bhI hai aura daNDa bhI hai| mitAkSarA (yAjJa0 3 / 233) kA kahanA hai ki isa prakAra kA daNDa brAhmaNa ko chor3akara anya sabhI aparAdhiyoM para lagatA hai, kyoMki manu (8 / 380) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki brAhmaNa aparAdhI ko mRtyudaNDa nahIM diyA jAnA cAhie, pratyuta use deza-niSkAsana kA daNDa diyA jAnA caahie| viSNu (36 / 4-7) ne yAjJa0 evaM nArada kI uparyukta nArI-sUcI meM kucha anya nAriyA~ bhI jor3a dI haiM, yathA-rajasvalA nArI, vidvAn brAhmaNa kI patnI yA purohita athavA upAdhyAya kI ptnii| guru ke viruddha galata aparAdha mar3hane (yAjJa0 3 / 228 yA mana 11455-yAjJa0 3 / 233 yA manu 11158) se lekara anya aparAdhoM meM kucha mahApAtaka ke samAna kahe gaye haiM yA kucha pAtaka kahe gaye haiM (vRddha hArIta 9 / 216-217 evaM

Page #37
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa mitA yAjJa0 3 / 233) yA kucha anupAtaka kahe gaye haiM (viSNu 36 / 8) / " gautama (2111-2) ne patitoM kI sUcI meM kucha aura nAma jor3a diye haiM, yathA-mAtA yA pitA kI sapiNDa nAriyoM yA bahinoM evaM unakI saMtatiyoM se yoni-sambandha karanevAlA, sone kA cora, nAstika, nindita karma ko bAra-bAra karanevAlA, patita kA sAtha nahIM chor3anevAlA yA niraparAdha sambandhiyoM kA parityAga karanevAlA, yA dUsaroM ko pAtaka karane ke lie ukasAne vAlA, ye saba patita kahe gaye haiN|" pAtaka apanI gurutA meM mahApAtakoM se apekSAkRta kama evaM upapAtakoM se apekSAkRta adhika gahare haiN| upapAtaka (halake pApa) upapAtakoM kI saMkhyA vibhinna yugoM evaM smRtiyoM meM bhinna-bhinna hai| vasiSTha (1123) ne kevala pA~ca upapAtaka ginAye haiM; agnihotra ke Arambha ke pazcAt usakA parityAga, guru ko kupita karanA, nAstika honA, nAstika se jIvikopArjana karanA evaM soma latA kI bikrI krnaa| zAtAtapa (vizvarUpa, yAjJa0 3 / 229-236) ne kevala ATha upapAtaka ginAye haiN| baudhAyana0 (2 / 1 / 60-61) ne bahuta kama upapAtaka ginAye haiN| gautama (21 / 11) kA kathana hai ki unako upapAtaka kA aparAdha lagatA hai, jo zrAddha bhojana ke samaya paMkti meM baiThane ke ayogya ghoSita hote haiM, yathA-pazuhantA, vedavismaraNakartA, jo inake lie vedamantroccAraNa karate haiM, ve vaidika brahAcArI jo brahmacarya vrata khaNDita karate haiM tathA ve jo upanayana-saMskAra kA kAla bitA dete haiN| zaMkha (vizvarUpa, yAjJa0 2 / 229-236) ne kevala 18 upapAtaka ginAye haiM aura unheM upapatanIya saMjJA dI hai| manu (11159-66), yAjJa0 (3 / 234-242), vRddha hArIta (9 / 208-210), viSNu050 sU0 (37) evaM agnipurANa (168-29-37) meM upapAtakoM kI lambI sUciyA~ haiN| prAya0 vi0 (pR0 195) ne mana-kathita 49 upapAtaka ginAye haiN| yAjJavalkya dvArA varNita 51 upapAtaka ye haiM (vizvarUpa, yaajny03|229-236)-- govadha, vrAtyatA (nizcita avasthA meM upanayana na kiyA jAnA), steya (corI, mahApAtaka vAlA svarNasteya chor3akara) RNoM kA na cukAnA (devaRNa, RSiRNa evaM pitRRNa ko chor3akara), agnihotra na karanA (yadyapi koI use karane ke lie samartha hai), jo bikrI karane yogya na ho use becanA (yathA namaka), parivedana (bar3e bhAI ke rahate choTe bhAI dvArA vivAha sampAdana yA zrauta agniyoM kI usake pahale sthApanA), vRtti lenevAle zikSaka se vedAdhyayana, zulka ke lie vedAdhyayana, vyabhicAra (gurutalpagamana yA usake samAna anya duSkarmoM ke atirikta anya striyoM ke sAtha vyabhicAra), choTe bhAI ke vivAhita ho jAne para bar3e bhAI kA avivAhita rUpa meM rahanA, adhika byAja grahaNa (smRtiyoM dvArA nirdhArita mAtrA se adhika sUda lenA), lavaNakriyA (namaka banAnA),nArIhatyA (AtreyI ko chor3akara kisI anya jAti kI nArI kI hatyA), zudrahatyA, (zrauta yajJa ke lie na dIkSita) kSatriya yA vaizya kI hatyA, nindita dhana para jIvikopArjana, nAstikatA 17. etAni gurvaSikSepAditanayAgamanaparyantAni mahApAtakAtidezaviSayANi sdyHptnhetutvaatpaatkaanyucynte| mitA0 (yAza0 3 / 233) / 18. brahmahasurApagurutalpagamAtRpitRyonisambandhAgastenanAstikaninditakarmAbhyAsipatitAtyAgyapatitatyAginaH ptitaaH| pAtakasaMyogakAzca / gautama (2111-2) / gautama (2011) ne tyAjya logoM ke nAma bhI likhe haiM"tyajet pitaraM rAjaghAtakaM zUdrayAjakaM cUdrArthayAjakaM vedaviplAvakaM bhrUNaharna yazcAtyAvasAyibhiH sahaH saMvasevantyAvasAyinyAM vaa|" 19. apaMktyAnAM prAgdurvAlAd gohantubrahmaghnatanmaMtrakRvavakINipatitasAvitrIkeSUpapAtakam / gautama (21 / 11) /

Page #38
upapAtaka 1031 (mRtyu ke uparAnta AtmA evaM vizva meM vizvAsa na karanA), apanI sthiti ke upayukta vratoM kA parityAga (yathA vaidika vidyArthI kA brahmacarya parityAga, brahmahatyA ke lie aparAdhayAArambha kiye gaye prAyazcitta kA parityAga),baccoM kA vikraya, anAja, sAdhAraNa dhAtuoM (yathA sIsA, tA~bA) yA pazu kI corI, jo loga yajJa karane ke adhikArI nahIM haiM, unakA purohita honA (yathA zUdra yA vAtya Adi kA), pitA-mAtA yA putra ko akAraNa ghara se nikAla bAhara karanA, tar3Aga yA ArAma (vATikA) kA vikraya (jo vAstavika rUpa meM janasAdhAraNa ko na de diye gaye hoM kintu sabake prayoga meM Ate hoM), kumArI kanyA ke sAtha dUSaNa, usa vivAha meM paurohitya karanA jahA~ bar3e bhAI ke pahale choTe bhAI kA vivAha ho rahA hai, aise vyakti se apanI putrI kA vivAha racAnA jo apane bar3e bhAI ke pUrva vivAha racA rahA ho, kuTilatA (guru-sambandhI kuTilatA ko chor3akara jo surApAna ke samAna mAnI gayI hai), vratalopa (apane se Arambha kiye gaye vrata kA parityAga), kevala apane lie bhojana banAnA (devatAoM, atithiyoM kI binA cintA kiye, jisakI nindA R0 10 / 117 / 6 evaM manu 3 / 118 ne kI hai),aisI strI se sambhoga-kArya jo zarAba pItI ho (yahA~ taka ki apanI strI bhI), anya viSayoM ke adhyayana ke pUrva veda-svAdhyAya kA parityAga, zrauta yA smArta agniyoM meM homa na karanA, apane putra kA tyAga, apane sambandhiyoM (yathA mAmA yA cAcA, jaba ki sAmarthya ho) kA bharaNa-poSaNa na karanA, kevala apanA bhojana pakAne meM Idhana ke lie kisI bar3e vRkSa ko kATanA, strI dvArA apanA bharaNa-poSaNa karanA (arthAt usake anaitika kAryoM dvArA yA usake strI-dhana dvArA jIvikopArjana karanA) yA pazuoM kA hanana karake yA jar3I bUTiyoM ke (jAdU yA indrajAla meM) prayoga dvArA jIvikopArjana, aise yantroM (mazInoM) ko baiThAnA jinase jIvoM kI hatyA yA unako pIr3A ho (tela yA Ikha kA rasa nikAlane ke lie kolhU kA prayoga), dhana ke lie apane ko becanA athavA dAsatva, zUdra kA bhRtya honA, nIca logoM se mitratA karanA, nIca jAti kI nArI se yoni-sambandha karanA (strI rUpa meM yA rakhaila ke rUpa meM), cAroM AzramoM se bAhara rahanA athavA anAzramI honA, dUsare dvArA niHzulka evaM dAna meM diye gaye dhana ko khAkara moTA honA (parAnna-paripuSTatA), asacchAstrAdhigamana (cArvAka jaise nAstikoM ke granthoM kA adhyayana), AkaroM (sonA Adi dhAtuoM kI khAnoM) kI adhyakSatA evaM bhAryAvikraya (apanI strI ko becnaa)| uparyukta lambI sUcI meM kucha upapAtaka chUTa bhI gaye haiM, yathA-vasiSTha (1318) dvArA varNita enasvinaH (upapAtaka, vizvarUpa, yAjJa0 3 / 229-236) / yAjJavalkyasmRti meM ullikhita adhikAMza upapAtaka manu (11159-66) meM pAye jAte haiM, kintu kucha chUTa bhI gaye haiM, yathA-abhicAra (zyenayAga nAmaka karma jo zatrunAza ke lie kiyA jAtA hai), mUsakarma (kisI vyakti ko apane prabhAva meM lAne ke lie jar3I-bUTiyoM kA prayoga arthAt vshiikrnn)| mitAkSarA (yAjJaH 3 / 242) kA kathana hai ki kucha upapAtakoM ke bAra-bAra karane se manuSya patita ho jAtA hai (gau0 2131) / isI se vizvarUpa ne upapAtaka kI vyutpatti yoM kI hai-"upacaya se (lagAtAra bar3hate rahane yA saMgraha se) yA upetya (lagAtAra spRhA se) jisakA sevana kiyA jAya vaha upapAtaka kahA jAtA hai|"20 manu (11167=agni0 168137-38) evaM viSNu (3861-6) ne kucha doSoM ko jAtibhraMzakara (jinase jAtivyutatA prApta hotI hai) kI saMjJA dI hai, yathA brAhmaNa ko (char3I yA hAtha se) pIr3A denA, aisI vastuoM (yathA lahasuna Adi) kosUMghanA jise nahIM sUMghanA cAhie evaM Asava yA madya sUMghanA, dhokhA denA (kahanA kucha karanA kucha), manuSya (pazu ke sAtha bhI, viSNu ke mata se) ke sAtha asvAbhAvika aparAdha krnaa| manu (1068=agni0 168 / 38-39) ke mata se 20. uppaatksNjnyaapyevmyNv| upacayena upetya vA sevyamAnaM pAtakameva syaaditi| ata eva gautamena pAtakamadhye ninvitakarmAmyAso rshitH| vizvarUpa (marA0 33229-236) / aura dekhie gautama (2131) /

Page #39
1032 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa bandara, ghor3A, U~Ta, hirana, hAthI, bakarI, bher3a, machalI yA bhaiMsa kA hanana saMkarIkaraNa (kisI ko varNasaMkara banAne ke pApa) ke samAna mAnanA caahie| viSNu0 (29 / 1) ke mata se saMkarIkaraNa grAma yA jaMgala ke pazuoM kA hanana hai| manu (1169) kA kathana hai ki nindya logoM (jo manu 4184 meM varNita haiM) se dAnagrahaNa, vyApAra, zUdrasevA evaM jhUTha bolane se vyakti dharma-saMmAna ke ayogya (apAtrIkaraNa) ho jAtA hai| viSNu0 (40 / 1) ne isameM byAja vRtti se jIvikopArjana bhI jor3a diyA hai| manu (11170) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki choTe yA bar3e kITa-pataMgoM yA pakSiyoM kA hanana, madya ke samIpa rakhe gaye padArthoM kA khAnA, phaloM, IMdhana evaM puSpoM ko curAnA evaM mana kI asthiratA malAvaha (jisase vyakti azuddha ho jAtA hai) karma kahe jAte haiN| yahI bAta viSNu0 (41 / 1-4) ne bhI kahI hai| viSNu0 (42 / 1) kA kathana hai ki ve duSkRtya jo vibhinna prakAroM meM ullikhita nahIM haiM, unakI prakIrNaka saMjJA hai| vRddha hArIta (9 / 210-215) ne bahuta-se prakIrNaka duSkRtya ginAye haiN| ___ yathA-IMdhana ke lie bar3e-bar3e per3oM kA kATanA; * choTe evaM bar3e kITa-pataMgoM kA hanana; aise bhojya-padArthoM kA sevana jo bhAvaduSTa hoM (niSiddha bhojana ke raMga evaM gandha kI samAnatA ke kAraNa athavA jaba parosanA asammAnapUrvaka huA ho), yA aise bhojana kA sevana jo kAladuSTa ho (ekAdazI yA grahaNa ke samaya bhojana karanA yA ghara meM sUtaka par3ane para yA sUtaka vAle ghara meM bhojana karanA yA bAsI bhojana karanA) yA kriyAduSTa ho (aisI kriyA, jo khAlI hAtha se bhojana parosane se vyakta hotI hai yA patita, cAMDAla yA kuttA Adi ke dekhane se prakaTa hotI hai, dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, a0 22); miTTI, carma, ghAsa, lakar3I kI corI; atyadhika bhojana karanA; jhUTha bolanA; viSayabhoga ke lie cintita rahanA; dina meM sonA; aphavAha ur3AnA; dUsare ko aphavAha sunane ko ukasAnA; dUsare ke ghara meM khAnA; dina meM sambhoga karanA; mAsika dharma ke samaya yA baccA janane ke bilkula uparAnta striyoM ko dekhanA; dUsare kI patniyoM para dRSTipAta karanA; upavAsa, zrAddha yA parva ke dinoM meM sambhoga karanA; zUdra kI naukarI karanA ; nIca logoM se mitratA karanA; ucchiSTa bhojana ko chUnA; striyoM se ha~sI-ThaTThA karanA; aniyamita DhaMga (prema pradarzana) se bAtacIta karanA; khule kezoM vAlI striyoM kI ora taaknaa| yaha patA calA hogA ki uparyukta prakIrNaka doSoM meM kucha aise bhI haiM jo yAjJavalkya dvArA varNita upapAtakoM ke antargata A jAte haiM; yathA IMdhana ke lie bar3e vRkSoM kA kartana, zUdra ko sevA, nIca logoM se mitrtaa| pApoM ke vibhinna prakAroM ke viSaya meM par3ha lene ke uparAnta aba hameM unase utpanna phaloM evaM unake dUra karane ke sAdhanoM para vicAra kara lenA hai| arthAt hameM yaha dekhanA hai ki vaidika evaM saMskRta-dharmasAhitya meM pApoM ke phaloM ke prazna para evaM unake dUrIkaraNa ke sAdhanoM para kisa prakAra vicAra kiyA gayA hai aura kauna-sI vyavasthAe~ pratipAdita kI gayI haiN| hamane Upara dekha liyA hai ki Rgveda kAla ke RSiyoM ne kisa prakAra devatAoM, vizeSata: aditi, mitra, varuNa, AdityoM evaM agni ke prati apane ko AgaH yA enaH (jo pApa ke vAcaka haiM) Adi se bacAne ke lie stutiyAM kI haiN| RSiyoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai ki unhoMne devatAoM ke dharmoM yA vratoM kA bahudhA atikramaNa kiyA hai| isI se ve kSamAyAcanA ke lie prerita mohue haiN| ve apane aparAdha ke pariNAmoM se bhayabhIta the, arthAt devatAoM ke lie vyavasthita dharmoM evaM vratoM ke na karane para unake kopa se DarA karate the| unhoMne aisA samajhA thA ki Izvara unake niyamollaMghana se una para vipatti, nAza, roga evaM mRtyu DhAha detA hai| dekhie Rgveda (1 / 25 / 2, 7189 / 5, 1089 / 8-9, 2 / 29 / 6, 937338) jahA~ varuNa, mitra, aryamA evaM indra se daNDa na dene ke lie vibhinna prakAra kI prArthanAe~ evaM stutiyA~ kI gayI haiN| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki RSigaNa (maMtradraSTA) apane una karmoM ke phaloM se paricita the jinase ve devatAoM dvArA daNDita ho sakate the| dUsarI ora aisI bhI bAteM pAyI jAtI haiM jo yaha siddha karatI haiM ki Izvara yA devatA prasanna hone para apane pUjaka ko

Page #40
zubhAzubha karma kA pariNAma 1033 sanmArga dikhalAte haiM (R0 1189 / 1), usakI santatiyoM ko Ananda yA sukha dete haiM (R0 11189 / 2, 4 / 12 / 5) aura use dhana pradAna karate haiM (R0 4 / 45 / 40) / Rgveda meM pApa ke phala ko dUra karane ke lie jo prathama sAdhana vyakta huA hai, vaha hai dayA ke lie prArthanA karanA yA pApamocana ke lie stutiyA~ karanA (R0 7 / 86 / 4-5, 7 / 88 / 6-7, 789 / 1-4) / Rgveda ke mata se jala-mArjana bhI pApa se mukta karatA hai (R0 1 / 23 / 22) / devatAoM kI kRpA prApti ke lie evaM gambhIra pApoM ke phala se chaTakArA pAne ke lie yajJa bhI kiye jAte the| tai0 saM0 (5 / 3 / 12 / 1-2) evaM zata0 brA0 (13 / 3 / 1 / 1) kA kathana hai ki azvamedha karane se devatAoM dvArA rAjA pApamukta hote the aura isase ve brahmahatyA ke pApa se bhI chuTakArA pAte the| pApa se mukta hone kA eka anya sAdhana thA pApa ko svIkArokti, jo varuNapraghAsa (cAturmAsya yajJoM meM eka) nAmaka kRtya se vyakta hotI hai| yadi isa karma meM yajamAna-patnI apanA doSa svIkAra nahIM karatI to usake priya evaM sambandhiyoM (putra yA pati) para vipatti par3a sakatI hai (taittirIya braahmnn)| kisI yajJa ke lie dIkSita ho jAne para yajamAna aura patnI ko upavAsa karanA par3atA thA yA thor3e bhojana para rahanA par3atA thA, unheM satya Adi bolane se sambandhita niyamoM kA pAlana karanA par3atA thA, yajJa kI sAmagriyoM kA prabandha karanA par3atA thA aura purohitoM kI dakSiNA kI vyavasthA kara lenI par3atI thii| ina kRtyoM ke pIche kevala icchApUrti kI bhAvanA hI mAtra nahIM thI, jaisA ki yUropIya vidvAnoM ne kahA hai, kintu pApamocana kI bhAvanA bhI nihita rahatI thii| aba hama sUtroM evaM smRtiyoM meM varNita pApa-phaloM se saMbaMdhita vyavasthAoM kA vivecana upasthita kreNge| isa viSaya meM hameM karma evaM punarjanma ke siddhAntoM kA smaraNa bhalI bhAMti karanA hogaa| ina siddhAntoM kA vistRta vivecana Age kiyA jaaygaa| yahA~ hama karma ke siddhAnta kI pramukha upapattiyoM para hI vicAra kreNge| isa viSaya meM hameM bhautika vijJAna ke kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta kA sahArA lenA hogaa| sat karma se zubha phala milatA hai aura asat karma se burA phl| yadi bure karmoM kA phala acAnaka yA isI jIvana meM nahIM prApta ho pAtA to AtmA kA punarjanma hotA hai aura naye pariveza yA vAtAvaraNa meM vaha atIta karmoM ke phalasvarUpa kaSTa pAtA hai| prAcIna upaniSadoM ke kAla se hI karma evaM AvAgamana ke siddhAnta eka-dUsare se aTUTa rUpa meM jur3e A rahe haiN| sAmAnya niyama yaha hai ki karma se, cAhe vaha sat ho yA asat, chuTakArA nahIM mila sakatA, hameM usake zubha yA azubha phala bhugatane hI pdd'eNge| aisA gautama (19 / 5), mArkaNDeyapurANa Adi granthoM meM kahA bhI hai|' "kyoMki karma kA nAza nahIM hotA" (gautama); "mAnavakarma cAhe jo ho, acchA yA burA, binA phalopabhoga ke usase chuTakArA nahIM ho sakatA; yaha nizcita hai ki mAnava (phala ko) bhoga lene se acche yA bure karma se chuTakArA pA jAtA hai" (maark0)| yaha siddhAnta zata0 brA0 (2 / 2 / 27), bRhadAraNyakopaniSad (414 evaM 6 / 2), chA0 upa0 (3 // 14 evaM 5 / 3-10), kaTha0 (5 / 6-7) Adi ke aupaniSada vacanoM para AdhArita hai| __isI se unakA kathana hai-"vyakti punaH usa loka meM janma letA hai jisake lie usane karma kiyA thaa|" "jo jaisA karatA hai aura jaisA vizvAsa karatA hai, vaisA hI vaha hotA hai, puNyavAn karmoM kA vyakti puNyavAn hotA hai, aura apuNyavAn kA apunnyvaan|" yahA~ unakA kathana hai ki "vyakti saMkalpoM kA puja hotA hai| usake jaise saMkalpa hote haiM, vaisI hI usakI icchA-zakti hotI hai; jaisI usakI icchAzakti yA kAmanA hotI hai, vaise hI usake karma hote haiM; aura jo 21. na hi karma kssiiyte| gau0 (19/5) / dekhie zaMkarAcArya kA vedAntasUtra bhASya (41106na tu bhogAdRte puNyaM pApaM vA karma mAnavam / parityajati bhogAcca puNyApuNye nibodha me|| mArka0 (14 // 47; tasmAtkRtasya pApasya prAyazcittaM samAcaret / nAbhuktasyAnyathA nAzaH kalpakoTizatairapi // bhaviSyapurANa (1 / 19 / 27) / 58

Page #41
1034 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa kucha vaha karma karatA hai vaisA hI phala pAtA hai" (bR. upa0 4 / 4 / 5); "kucha manuSya zarIra ke astitva ke lie yoni (garbha) meM praviSTa hote haiM, aura anya loga apane karmoM evaM jJAna ke anusAra jaDa padArya (sthANu, per3a Adi) meM praviSTa hote haiN|"22 "manuSya dvArA kiye hue karma taba taka naSTa nahIM hote jaba taka ki unakA (arthAt unake phaloM kA) upabhoga karor3oM varSoM taka nahIM ho jAtA; karma (arthAt unake phala), cAhe ve acche hoM yA bure (zubhAzubha), avazya hI bhoge jAne caahie| aura dekhie ApastambadharmasUtra (2 / 1 / 2-7) evaM viSNudharmasUtra (20|47)-"jis prakAra sahasroM gAyoM ke bIca meM bachar3A apanI mA~ ko khoja letA hai, usI prakAra pUrva jIvana meM kiye gaye karma apane kartA ke pAsa binA kisI truTi ke pahu~ca jAte haiN|" kintu Age calakara smRtiyoM evaM anya granthoM meM yaha siddhAnta kaI prakAra se saMzodhita ho gyaa| gautama (19 / 11 vasiSTha0 2268) kA kathana hai-"japa (veda mantroM kA bArambAra pATha), tapa, homa, upavAsa evaM dAna usa (duSkRtya) ke prAyazcitta ke sAdhana haiN|" vasiSTha0 (20147 evaM 25 / 3) kI vyavasthA hai-"pApI prANI zarIra ko pIr3A dene, japa, tapa evaM dAna dvArA pApa se chuTakArA pA jAtA hai" aura "jo lagAtAra prANAyAmoM meM saMlagna rahate haiM, pavitra vacanoM kA pATha karate rahate haiM, dAna, homa evaM japa karate rahate haiM, ve nissaMdeha pApoM se mukta ho jAte haiN|" manu (31227) kA kathana hai-"AtmAparAdha svIkAra, pazcAttApa, tapa, vaidika mantroM (gAyatrI Adi) ke japa se pApI aparAdha (pApa) se mukta ho jAtA hai aura kaThinAI par3a jAne para (arthAta yadi vaha japa, tapa Adi na kara sake to) dAna se mukta ho jAtA hai|" aura dekhie isI ke samAna vyavasthAoM ke lie parAzara (1040), zAtAtapa (1 / 4), saMvarta (203), hArIta (prAya0 tattva, pR0 467), yama (prAya0 vi0, pR0 30 evaM 31) evaM bhaviSyapurANa (prAya0 vi0, pR0 31) / prAyazcittoM ke viSaya meM likhane ke pUrva hama pApa ke phaloM ko kama karane ke anya sAdhanoM para saMkSepa meM likheNge| inameM prathama hai aparAdha yA pApa kA svIkaraNa yA aatmaapraadh-sviikaar| taittirIya brAhmaNa (116 / 5 / 2) meM varuNaprayAsa ke silasile meM patnI dvArA apane premiyoM ke viSaya meM svIkArokti kA spaSTa ullekha hai-"vaha apanI patnI se svIkAra karAtA hai, ataH vaha use pavitra (zuddha) banA detA hai aura taba use prAyazcitta kI ora le jAtA hai|" zatapathabrAhmaNa (2 / 5 / 2 / 20) ise yoM rakhatA hai-"kyoMki svIkAra kara lene para pApa kama ho jAtA hai; taba vaha satya ho jAtA hai|" yaha AtmAparAdha-svIkAra devatA (agni) evaM manuSyoM (purohitoM) ke samakSa isalie hotA thA ki vyakti ko devI kSamA yA kRpA prApta ho jaay| anya duSkRtyoM meM AtmAparAdha-svIkAra kA kArya pApamocana ke lie vyavasthita vidhi kA eka bhAga mAtra thaa| 22. yathAkArI yathAcArI tathA bhavati sAdhukArI sAdhurbhavati pApakArI pApo bhavati puSyaH puNyena karmaNA bhavati pApaH paapen| atho khalvAhuH kAmamaya evAyaM puruSa iti sa yathAkAmo bhavati tatkraturbhavati yaskaturbhavati taskarma kurute yatkarma tadabhisaMpadyate // baha0 u0 (4 / 4 / 5); atha khala RtumayaH puruSo yathARturasmilaM loke puruSo bhavati tataH pretya bhavati // chA0 (3 // 14 // 1); yonimanye prapadyante zarIratvAya dehinaH / sthANumanye'nusaMyanti yathAkarma yathAbhutam // kaTha0 upa0 (57) / 23. nAbhuktaM kSIyate karma klpkottishtairpi| avazyameva bhoktavyaM kRtaM karma zubhAzubham // yaha smRti prAyazcittaviveka (pR0 17) meM govindAnanda dvArA evaM taittirIyAraNyaka (82) ke bhASya meM sAyaNa dvArA uddhRta hai| aura dekhie parA0.mA0 (2, bhAga 1, pR0 11) / 24. tasya niSkrayaNAni japastapo homa upavAso dAnam / gau0 (19 / 11= vasiSTha 22 / 8 baudhA0 pa. sU0 3 / 10 / 9) /

Page #42
adhyAya 2 pApa-phaloM ko kama karane ke sAdhana AtmAparAdha - svIkRti -- ApastambadharmasUtra ( 1/9/24 15 1 / 10 / 28 / 19, 1 / 10 / 29 / 1 ) meM aisI vyavasthA dI gayI hai ki vyakti ko abhizastatA ke kAraNa prAyazcitta karate samaya, yA anyAyapUrvaka patnI - parityAga karane para, yA vidvAn (vedajJa) brAhmaNa kI hatyA karane para apanI jIvikA ke lie bhikSA mA~gate samaya apane duSkRtyoM kI ghoSaNA karanI caahie| vaidika vidyArthI (brahmacArI) ko saMbhogAparAdhI hone para sAta gharoM meM bhikSA mA~gate samaya apane doSa kI ghoSaNA karanI par3atI thI ( gau0 23 / 18 evaM manu 11 / 122) / anutApa ( pazcAttApa ) mana (11 / 229 - 230 = viSNudharmottara 2073 / 231 - 233 = brahmapurANa 218 | 5 ) kA kathana hai- " vyakti kA mana jitanA hI apane duSkarma ko ghRNita samajhatA hai utanA hI usakA zarIra ( usake dvArA kiye gaye) pApa se mukta hotA jAtA hai| yadi vyakti pApa kRtya ke uparAnta usake lie anutApa ( pazcAttApa ) karatA hai to vaha usa pApa se mukta ho jAtA hai| usa pApa kA tyAga karane ke saMkalpa evaM yaha socane se ki 'maiM yaha punaH nahIM karU~gA' vyakti pavitra ho uThatA / " dekhie aparArka ( pR0 1231) | viSNupurANa (2 / 6 / 40) ne anutApa evaM kRSNa-bhakti karane para bala diyA hai| prAyazcittaviveka ( pR0 30) ne aMgirA kI ukti dI hai- "pApoM ko karane ke uparAnta yadi vyakti anutApa meM DUbA huA ho aura rAta-dina pazcAttApa kara rahA ho to vaha prANAyAma se pavitra ho jAtA hai / " prAyazcittaprakAza jaise nibandhoM kA mata hai ki kevala pazcAttApa pApoM ko dUra karane ke lie paryApta nahIM hai, pratyuta usase pApI prAyazcitta karane ke yogya ho jAtA hai, yaha usI prakAra hai jaisA ki vaidika yajJArthI nakha Adi kaTA lene ke uparAnta yajJa meM dIkSita hone ke yogya ho jAtA hai| aparArka ( pR0 1231) dvArA ullikhita yama kA vacana hai| ki anutApa evaM pApakarma kI punarAvRtti na karanA prAyazcittoM ke aMga ( sahAyaka tatva ) mAtra haiM aura ve svataH (svatantra rUpa se) prAyazcittoM kA sthAna nahIM prApta kara sakate / prANAyAma ( zvAsAvaroSa ) - isa viSaya meM dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2 adhyAya 7 / manu (11 / 248 = baughA0 gha0 sU0 4 / 1 / 31 = vasiSTha 0 26/4, atri 2 / 5, zaMkhasmRti 12 / 18-19 ) ne kahA hai--"yadi prati dina yAhRtiyoM evaM praNava (oMkAra ) ke sAtha 16 prANAyAma kiye jAyeM to eka mAsa ke uparAnta bhrUNa hatyA (vidvAn brAhmaNa kI hatyA) chUTa jAtI hai|" yahI bAta viSNudharmasUtra ( 55 | 2 ) ne bhI kahI hai / vasiSTha ( 26 / 1-3 ) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki tIna prANAyAmoM ke samyak sampAdana se rAta yA dina meM kiye gaye sabhI pApa naSTa ho jAte haiM / yAjJa0 ( 3/305 ) kathana hai ki una sabhI pApoM ke lie tathA una upapAtakoM evaM pApoM ke lie jinake lie koI viziSTa prAyazcitta na nirdhArita ho, eka sau prANAyAma naSTa karane ke lie paryApta haiN| zUdra kA bhojana kara lene se lekara brahmahatyA taka ke vibhinna pApoM ke mocana ke lie baudhA0 dha0 sU0 (4 / 1 / 5-11) ne eka dina se lekara varSa bhara ke lie vibhinna saMkhyAoM (3,7,12) vAle prANAyAmoM kI vyavasthA dI hai| dekhie mitA0 ( yAjJa0 3 / 305 ) evaM agni0 ( 173 / 21 ) / tapa - Rgveda (10 / 154 / 2) meM bhI tapa svarga le jAnevAlA evaM anAkramaNIya mAnA gayA hai| chA0 upa0 (5 / 10 / 1-2) evaM muNDakopaniSad (1 / 2 / 10-11 ) ne tapa ko yakSa se Upara rakhA hai| gautama ( 19/15 ) kA kathana

Page #43
1036 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa hai ki brahmacarya, satyavacana, prati dina tIna bAra (prAta:, madhyAhna evaM sAyaM) snAna, gIle vastra kA dhAraNa (jaba taka zarIra para hI vastra sUkha na jAya) evaM upavAsa tapa meM sammilita haiN| baudhA0 dha0 sU0 (3 / 10 / 13) ne isameM ahiMsA, astaMnya (kisI ko usakI sampatti se vaMcita na karanA) evaM guruzabhUSA bhI jor3a diye haiN| gautama (19 / 17) ne pApa ke svarUpa ke anusAra tapa kI nimna avadhiyAM dI haiM--eka varSa, chaH mAsa, cAra mAsa, tIna mAsa, do mAsa, eka mAsa, 24 dina, 12 dina, 6 dina, 3 dina, eka dina evaM eka raat| manu (11 / 239-341) ne ghoSaNA kI hai ki jo mahApAtakoM evaM anya duSkarmoM ke aparAdhI hote haiM ve samyaka tapa se pApa-mukta ho jAte haiM tathA vicAra, zabda yA zarIra se jo pApa hue rahate haiM ve tapa se jala jAte haiN| isa siddhAnta ko jainoM ne bhI apanAyA hai (uttarAdhyayana, 39|27)-"tpoN dvArA vaha karma ko kATa DAlatA hai|" homa-taittirIyAraNyaka (217-8) ne kUSmANDahoma evaM dIkSA kA varNana kiyA hai aura vyavasthA dI hai (218) ki usa vyakti ko jo apane ko apavitra samajhatA hai, kUSmANDa mantroM se homa karanA cAhie, yathA--'yaddevA devaheDanam' (vAja0 saM0 20114-16 =te. A0 2 / 3.1 evaM 3-6) / kUSmANDahoma ke lie dekhie mahArNavakarmavipAka / isa homa ke kartA ko dIkSA ke niyamoM kA pAlana karanA hotA thA, yathA-mAMsa kA sevana na karanA, saMbhoga na karanA, asatya na bolanA, zayyA para na sonaa| use dUdha (yadi brAhmaNa ho to) pInA par3atA thA, (kSatriya hone para) jo kI lapasI khAnI par3atI thI aura (vaizya hone para) AmikSA kA sevana karanA par3atA thaa| baudhA0 dha0 sU0 (371) ke anusAra apavitra vyakti ko kUSmANDa-homa meM bhunI huI AhutiyAM chor3anI cAhie, niSiddha saMbhoga karane se vyakti cora evaM brahmaghAtaka ke samAna ho jAtA hai aura vaha isa homa dvArA brahmahatyA se kama pApoM se mukti pA jAtA hai| yAjJa0 (31309) ke anusAra yadi koI dvija apane ko pApamukta karanA cAhe to use gAyatrI mantra dvArA tila se homa karanA caahie| mitA. ne yama ke mata se tila kI eka lAkha AhutiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| manu (11 // 34) evaM vasiSTha (26 / 16) ke mata se brAhmaNa vyakti vaidika mantroM ke japa evaM homa se sabhI vipattiyoM se chuTakArA pA jAtA hai| zata0 brA0 (2 / 5 / 2 / 20) kA kathana hai ki jaba patnI apane anya premiyoM ke sambandha ko svIkAra karatI hai to use nimna mantra ke sAtha dakSiNAgni meM homa karanA par3atA hai-"yad grAme yadaraNye yatsabhAyAM ydindriye| yadenazcakRmA vayamidaM tadavayajAmahe svAhA" (vAja0 saM0 11813), arthAt "hamane jo bhI pApa grAma meM, vana meM, samAja meM yA indriyoM se kiyA ho, hama use isa homa dvArA dUra kara rahe haiM, svaahaa|" manu (8 / 105) evaM yAjJa0 (2183) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki jaba koI sAkSI kisI ko mRtyu-daNDa se bacAne ke lie jhUThI gavAhI detA hai to use isa koTasAkSya ke prAyazcitta ke lie sarasvatI ko bhAta kI AhutiyA~ denI caahie| kucha anya homa bhI vyavasthita haiM, yathA gaNahoma jisameM taittirIya zAkhA ke 'agne naya supathA' jaise mantroM kA uccAraNa karanA par3atA hai (mhaarnnv0)| aisA lagatA hai ki prAcIna homa-bhAvanA kA svarUpa zAntikAraka yA zamanakAraka mAtra thaa| homa devatA dvArA apekSita nahIM thA, arthAt devatA dvArA isakI mAMga nahIM kI gayI thii| homa sambhavataH eka prakAra kI bheTa thI jisase devatA prasanna hotA thaa| homa se prasanna hokara devatA yA Izvara vyakti ko (usake aparAdhoM ke lie) kSamA karatA thaa| homa se vyakti apane duSkRtya dvArA khoyI huI bhagavatkRpA ko punaH prApta kara letA thaa| ataH homa kA pariNAma prAyazcitta-sambandhI evaM zuddhIkaraNa sambandhI thA, arthAta homa karane se pApI zuddha ho jAtA thA aura apane pApa kA mArjana bhI kara letA thaa| homa pazu kI bali (usa vyakti ke pratinidhi ke rUpa meM jisane pApa-karma evaM niyamollaMghana se apanA jIvana kho diyA ho) yA AhutiyoM yA Izvara ko dI gayI kisI vastu evaM punaH usake dAna dvArA kiyA jA sakatA thaa| __ japa (prArthanA yA stuti ke rUpa meM vaidika mantroM kA pATha)-japa ke tIna prakAra haiM; vAcika (spaSTa uccarita), upAMza (aspaSTa uccarita) evaM mAnasa (mana se uccrit)| inameM se pratyeka Age vAlA dasa gunA acchA mAnA jAtA

Page #44
pApa nivAraNa ke upAya (pa) 1037 hai (laghu-hArIta 4, pR0 186) / zabara (jaimini 12 / 4 / 1) ne japa evaM stuti meM antara batalAyA hai, jinameM prathama (japa) meM mantra yA mantroM kA kathana mAtra hotA hai| zAMkhAyanabrAhmaNa (1411) meM upAMzu nAmaka japa kI prazaMsA kI gayI hai| AzvalAyanazrautasUtra (131020) ke mata se japa, anumantraNa, ApyAyana evaM upasthAna vyakta upAMzu haiN| ApastambazrautasUtra (241138-10) ne kahA hai ki Rgveda evaM sAmaveda ke mantra yajJoM meM ucca svara se bole jAte haiM tathA yajurveda ke mantra upAMzu bole jAte haiN| taittirIya prAtizAsya (2336) kA kathana hai ki upAMzu japa vAgindriya ke prayoga sahita kiMtu binA uccAraNa-dhvani kiye kiyA jAtA hai (arthAt bahuta dhIme se bolA jAtA hai) aura usameM Antarika prayatna nahIM rahatA (usameM udAtta, anudAtta Adi svaroM kA prayoga nahIM hotA-karamavadazabdamamanaHprayogamupAMzu) / gautama (19 / 12 = baudhA0 30 sU0 3.10.10 = vasiSTha 22 / 9) ne nimna vaidika racanAoM ko zucikara (pavitra karanevAlI) kahA hai-upaniSad, vedAnta, saMhitAe~ (sabhI vedoM kI, kintu parapATha yA kramapATha ko chor3akara), yajurveda kA 'madhu'sUkta, aghamarSaNa sUkta (R0 10.190 / 1-3), atharvazirasa (anuvAka vAlA), rudrapATha, puruSasUkta (R0 10 / 90), rAjata evaM rauhiNa nAmaka do sAma, bRhatsAma evaM rathantara, puruSagati sAma, mahAnAmnI RcA, mahAvairAja sAma, jyeSTha sAmoM meM koI eka, bahiSpavamAna sAma, kUSmANDa, pAvamAnI (R09) evaM sAvitrI (R0 3162 / 10) / japa-sambandhI maulika bhAvanA atyanta AdhyAtmikatAvarSaka thii| upaniSadoM evaM anya vacanoM ke gambhIra zAna ne AtmA ko pavitra banAyA, parama tattva ko samajhane meM samartha kiyA aura logoM ko yaha vidita karAyA ki mAnava usI eka daivI zakti kI cinagArI (sphuliMga yA abhivyaMjanA) hai| japa ucca manobhUmi para paramAtmA kA dhyAna hai aura usakI ekatA kA prayatna hai| pavitra vacanoM ke pATha kA abhyAsa paramAtmA kI upasthiti evaM tatsambandhI vicAra meM AtmA kI vyavasthA yA niyamana hai| japa ke lie tIna bAteM Avazyaka haiM; hRdaya (mana) kI zucitA, asaMgatA (niSkAmatA yA moharahitatA) evaM paramAtmA meM aatm-smrpnn| manu (11146) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki binA jAne kiye gaye pApa kA mArjana prArthanA ke rUpa meM vaidika vacanoM ke japa karane se ho jAtA hai, kintu jo pApa jAna-bUjhakara kiye jAte haiM unakA mArjana prAyazcittoM se hI hotA hai| ___ manu (2285-87 = vasiSTha 26|9-11-vissnnu0 55 / 10-21) ne kahA hai-"japa kA sampAdana (veda ke) niyamoM se vyavasthita yajJoM (darzapUrNamAsa Adi) se dasa gunA lAbhakArI hai, upAMzu-vidhi se kiyA gayA japa (yajJoM se) sau gunA acchA hai aura mAnasa japa sahana gunA acchA hai| cAroM pAkayA yA mahAyajJa (vaizvadeva, bali, Ahnika zrAda evaM atithi-sammAna) vaidika yajJoM se milakara bhI japa ke solahaveM bhAga taka nahIM pahuMca paate| brAhmaNa japa dvArA paramocca gati ko prApta karatA hai; vaha anya karma (yathA-vaidika yajJa) kare yA na kare; brAhmaNa sabhI prANiyoM ko mitra banAtA hai (sabhI kA sAhAyya karatA hai)|" gAyatrI mantra ke upAMzu pATha yA japa ko bar3I mahattA prApta huI hai (R0 3 / 62 / 10) / dekhie isa grantha kA khaMDa 2, adhyAya 7 / jisa mantra meM saMkhyA-sambandhI koI nirdeza na ho vahA~ sau bAra japa kiyA jAtA hai (prAya0 prkaash)| 1. atra japayajJaM prakRtya nrsiNhpuraannm| triviSo japayazaH syAttasya mevaM nibodht| vAcikAlya upAMzuzca mAnasastriviSaH smRtH|| trayANAM japayajJAnAM zreyAn syAduttarottaram // atra haariitH| uccastvekaguNaH prokto dhyAnAddazaguNaH smRtH| upAMzuH syAcchasaguNaH sahasro mAnasaH smRtH|| smRticantrikA (1, pR0 149) / 2. vacanaM japanamiti samAnArthaH, yasmAt japa vyaktAyAM vAcIti smaryate / tena yatra vacanamAtraM mantrasya kriyate na stUyate nAzAsyate sa jpH| zabara (jai0 12 // 4 // 1) /

Page #45
1038 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa manu (11 / 261-262), vasiSTha (27 / 1-3), aMgirA (101) Adi kA kathana hai ki jisa prakAra adhika vegavatI agni harI ghAsa ko bhI jalAkara bhasma kara detI hai, usI prakAra vedAdhyayana kI agni duSkarmoM se prApta aparAdha ko jalA DAlatI hai yA vaha brAhmaNa, jo (par3he hue) Rgveda kA smaraNa rakhatA hai, aparAdha se achUtA rahatA hai, bhale hI usane tInoM lokoM kA nAza kara diyA ho yA usane kisI kA bhI diyA huA bhojana kara liyA ho| kintu ye vacana kevala arthadAda (prazaMsAmaya) haiM aura inheM gambhIratA se yA zAbdika artha meM nahIM lenA cAhie, jaisA ki vasiSTha (2744 == aMgirA 102) ne sAvadhAna kiyA hai-"veda kI sAmarthya kA sahArA lekara pApakarma kA lAbha nahIM uThAnA cAhie (jaisA ki kucha smRtiyoM ne kaha DAlA hai), kevala ajJAna evaM pramAda se kiye gaye duSkarma hI vedAdhyayana se naSTa hote haiM na ki anya duSkarma (jo jAna-bUjhakara kiye jAte haiN)|' bahuta-sI smRtiyoM, yathA-manu (11 / 249-257 - viSNu0 2 / 74 / 4-13), vasiSTha0 (26 / 5-7 evaM 28 / 10-15), viSNu0 (5613-27), zaMkha (adhyAya 11 vasiSTha0 28010-15), saMvarta (227-228), baudhA. dha0 sU0 (4 / 2 / 4-5, 4138, 4 / 4 / 2-5), yAjJa0 (3 / 302-305) ne pApamocana ke lie katipaya vaidika sUktoM, pRthak-pRthak vaidika mantroM yA gadya-vacanoM ke pATha kA nirdeza kiyA hai| sthAnAbhAva se hama unheM yahA~ uddhRta nahIM kreNge| Rgveda ke mantroM ko itanI rahasyAtmaka mahattA pradAna kI gayI hai ki zaunaka ke RgvidhAna (jo manusmRti ke uparAnta praNIta huA) ne bahuta-se rogoM, pApoM evaM zatru-vijaya ke lie katipaya RDamantroM ke japa kI vyavasthA batalAyI hai| sAmavidhAna brAhmaNa (1 / 5 / 2) kA kathana hai ki jahA~ sAmAnyata: kinhIM viziSTa vaidika sUktoM ke pATha kI vyavasthA na huI ho, aise sthala meM cAhe jo koI vaidika mantra pApoM ko dUra karane meM samartha hotA hai| aise mantra tapa ke sAtha pavitrIkaraNa meM sahAyaka hote haiN| isI prakAra abhISTa uddezya ke prAyazcitta ke lie sAmoM kA japa kama-se-kama dasa se lekara sau bAra karanA caahie| gautama (19 / 13) ne japa ke samaya bhojana kI vyavasthA yoM dI hai kevala dUdha para rahanA, kevala zAka-bhAjI khAnA, kevala phala khAnA, eka muTaThI jI kA sattU yA lapasI khAnA, kevala sonA khAnA (ghRta meM kucha sonA ghisakara khAnA), kevala ghRta khAnA, soma pInA aadi| gautama (19 / 14) ne kahA hai ki sabhI parvata, sabhI nadiyA~, pavitra sarovara, tIrtha, RSiyoM ke Azrama, gozAlAe~, deva-mandira pApa ke nAzaka haiN| sUtrakAla meM yA usake uparAnta kevala tIna ucca varNoM kA puruSa-varga hI vedAdhyayana kara sakatA thA, ataH zUdroM dvArA pApa-mocana ke lie vaidika vacanoM kA japa sambhava nahIM thaa| isalie mitAkSarA (yAjJa0 31262) kA kathana hai ki yadyapi zUdra (evaM striyoM aura pratiloma vivAhoM se utpanna logoM) ko gAyatrI evaM anya vaidika mantroM ke japa kA adhikAra nahIM prApta hai, tathApi zUdra evaM striyA~ devatA ke nAma ko sampradAna (caturthI) kAraka meM rakhakara usakA mAnata japa kara sakate haiN| zUdra kevala 'namo namaH' kaha sakatA hai 'om' Adi nahIM (gau0 10 / 66-67 evaM yAza0 11121) / Apa0 dha0 sU0 (1 / 4 / 13 / 6) ke mata se 'om' yaha rahasyAtmaka zabda svarga kA dvAra hai aura pratyeka vaidika vacana ke japa ke pUrva usakA uccAraNa honA caahie| yogasUtra (1127) kA dRDhatApUrvaka kathana hai ki om (jise praNava kI saMjJA milI hai) paramAtmA kI bhAvanA kA dyotaka hai aura isake japa tathA mana meM isake artha ko rakhane se dhyAna baMdha jAtA hai|' 3. na vedabalamAzritya pApakarmaratirbhavet / ajJAnAcca pramAdAya bahate karma netaram // vasiSTha (2714) evaM aMgirA (102) / 4. oGkAraH svargadvAraM tasmAd brahmAdhyeSyamANa etadAdi prtipyt| Apa000 (14 // 13 // 6); tasya bAcakaH prnnvH| tajjapastadarthabhAvanam / yogasUtra (1327-28); vAcaspati kI vyAkhyA hai --praNavasya japaH praNavAbhidheyasya cezvarasya bhAvanam / tadasya yoginaH praNavaM japataH praNavAyaM ca bhAvayatazcitamekA smpkhte| _

Page #46
pApa nivAraNa ke upAya 1039 jahA~ eka ora pApamocana ke lie vaidika sUktoM evaM mantroM Adi ke japa kI vyavasthA kI gayI hai, vahIM kucha anya granthoM ne, vizeSataH purANoM ne eka anya sarala vidhi kI vyavasthA kI hai, yathA bhagavAn nArAyaNa (hari yA kRSNa) ke smaraNa se pApa kaTa jAte haiN| brahmapurANa (adhyAya 176) meM viSNu kA eka stotra hai, jisake pATha se mana, vANI yA deha se kiye gaye sabhI pApoM se mukti mila jAtI hai| prAya0 vi0 ( pR0 31) ne bhaviSyapurANa se eka evaM viSNupurANa se tIna padya udadhRta kiye haiM- " bar3A pApa ( mahApApa ) apunaHkaraNa se ('phira aisA nahIM kareMge, isa saMkalpa se ), dAna (tyAga) AkhyApana se (dUsare se kaha dene se ), (viSNu ke ) dhyAna se aura prAyazcitta se (bhaviSya 0 ) to dUra ho hI jAtA hai; kiMtu (RSiyoM dvArA ghoSita sabhI pApoM ke ) prAyazcittoM, yathA -tapa ( cAndrAyaNa Adi) evaM anya kRtyoM ( japa, homa, dAna) se pApa nAzana ke lie uttama kRSNAnusmaraNa hai| yadi koI nArAyaNa ko prAtaH, rAtri, saMdhyA, madhyAhna Adi meM smaraNa karatA hai, to vaha usI kSaNa pApa-kSaya prApta kara letA hai (viSNupurANa) / "" brahmapurANa (21687 88) ne eka sAmAnya mAnyatA kI ora nirdeza kiyA hai -- "manuSya mohasamanvita hokara kaI bAra pApa karane para bhI pApahara hari ke samakSa nata hone para naraka nahIM jaataa| aise loga bhI, jo janArdana ko zaThatApUrvaka smaraNa karate haiM, mRtyu ke uparAnta viSNuloka ko cale jAte haiN| viSNupurANa (116 / 39) kA kathana hai ki jo loga dvAdazAkSara mantra ('oM namo bhagavate vAsudevAya') para dhyAnAvastha hote haiM yA usakA japa karate haiM ve janma-maraNa ke cakra meM punaH nahIM pdd'te| Adiparva (161 | 14) meM kuntI ne mantroM kI mahatI zakti kA ullekha kiyA hai| nRsiMhapurANa (adhyAya 18) ne aSTAkSara ('oM namo nArAyaNAya' ) mantra kI mahimA gAyI hai aura kahA hai ( 63 / 6 ) - "bahuta se mantroM ke prayoga evaM vratoM ke sampAdana se lAbha hai, jaba 'oM namo nArAyaNAya' nAmaka mantra sabhI siddhiyoM evaM icchAoM ko pUrNa karane meM samartha hai|" liMgapurANa (pUrvArdha, adhyAya 85) evaM saurapurANa (65) meM paMcAkSara mantra ( namaH zivAya) kI mahattA kA varNana hai| brahmapurANa (41 / 63) ne vaidika mantroM evaM Agamokta mantroM ke viSaya meM kahA hai| nityAcArapaddhati ( pR0 67 ) kA kathana hai ki zrota kRtyoM meM vaidika mantroM ko samajhane kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai kintu smArta kRtyoM meM aisI bAta nahIM hai| vAna - gautama (19 / 16) kA kathana hai ki sonA, gau, paridhAna, ghor3A, bhUmi, tila, ghRta evaM anna aise dAna haiM jo pApa kA kSaya karate haiM, vikalpa se inakA upayoga karanA cAhie yadi koI spaSTa ullekha na ho| vasiSTha ne dAna ke viSaya meM kaI vacana uddhRta kiye haiM, jinameM eka aisA hai---"jIvikAvRtti ko lekara arthAt vRtti yA bharaNa-poSaNa se parezAna hokara jaba manuSya koI pApa kara baiThatA hai to vaha gocarma ke barAbara bhUmi bhI dekara pavitra ho sakatA hai| yahI 5. bhaviSyapurANam / apunaHkaraNAttyAgAtkhyApanAdanucintanAt / vyapaiti mahadapyenaH prAyazcittairna kevalam // viSNupurANa / prAyazcittAnyazeSANi tapaH karmAtmakAni vai / yAni teSAmazeSANAM kRSNAnusmaraNaM param // prAtarnizi tathA sandhyAmadhyAhnAviSu saMsmaran / nArAyaNamavApnoti sadyaH pApakSayaM naraH / prAya0 vi0 ( pR0 31) / 'prAyazci0 param' viSNu0 kA 11 / 6 / 39 padya hai / aura dekhie brahmapurANa (22 / 37 evaM 39), aparArka ( pR 1232) evaM prAya0 tatva ( pR0 524) / 6. kRtvApi bahuzaH pApaM narA mohasamanvitAH / na yAnti narakaM natvA sarvapApaharaM harim // zAThyenApi narA nityaM ye smaranti janArdanam / tepi yAnti tanuM tyaktvA viSNu lokamanAmayam // brahmapurANa (216 / 87-88); adyApi na nivartante dvAvazAkSaracintakAH / viSNupurANa ( 1 / 6 / 39 ) / 7. hiraNyaM gaurvAso'zvo bhUmistilA ghUtamannamiti deyAni / etAnyevAnAdeze vikalpena kriyeran / gau0

Page #47
1040 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa bAta viSNu0 (9214) ne bhI kahI hai| saMvarta (204) meM AyA hai ki sone, gAya, bhUmi kA dAna isa janma evaM anya janmoM meM kiye gaye pApoM ko kATa detA hai| medhAtithi (9 / 139) ne kahA hai ki hiMsA karane se jo pApa hote haiM unake prAyazcittoM ke lie vyavasthita upAyoM meM dAna pramukha hai| dAna ke viSaya meM hamane isa grantha ke khaMDa 2, adhyAya 25 meM vistAra ke sAtha par3ha liyA hai| do-eka bAteM aura de dI jA rahI haiN| bahuta-se zilAlekhoM evaM tAmrapatrakoM meM jo bhUmidAnoM evaM grAma-dAnoM kA varNana hai usameM yaha lakSita hai ki dAtAoM ne apane evaM apane mAtA-pitA ke uttama phala athavA unake puNyoM kI vRddhi ke lie ye dAna kiye haiM (epi0 iNDikA, jilda 9, pR0 219, pR0 221) / bRhaspati (madanaratna, vyavahAra, pR0 66) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki rAjA ko bhUmi-dAnapatrakoM meM yaha likhita karA denA cAhie ki usane yaha dAna apane evaM apane mAtA-pitA ke puNya ke lie kiyA hai| rAjataraMgiNI (1 / 143) ne vihAroM kI sthApanA kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| ___upavAsa-upavAsa karane kA vAstavika artha hai anna-jala kA pUrNa tyAga, kintu sAdhAraNata: isakA artha hai thor3I mAtrA meM halakA bhojana (jo bhojya padArtha ke svabhAva para bhI nirbhara hai) krnaa| te0 saM0 (1 / 6 / 7 / 3-4) meM darzapUrNamAsa-iSTi ke dinoM ke vrata kI tIna vidhiyA~ varNita haiM, yathA--grAma meM prApta bhojana para hI rahanA,yA vana-bhojana karanA,yA kucha na khaanaa| gautama (19 / 11) ne upavAsa ko pApamocana kI kaI vidhiyoM meM rakhA hai| usake anusAra tapa bhI eka sAdhana hai| kintu gautama ne eka sthAna (19 / 16) para upavAsa (yA anAzaka) ko 'tapAMsi' arthAt tapoM meM rakhA hai| haradatta (gautama 19 / 11) ne upavAsa ko bhakta (bhAta yA pake hue cAvala) ke tyAga ke artha meM liyA hai, aura kahA hai ki upavAsa eka bAra punaH 'tapAMsi' ke antargata isalie rakhA gayA hai ki isakI bar3I mahattA hai| haradatta ne likhA hai ki unake eka pUrvavartI lekhaka ne upavAsa ko 'indriya-nigraha' ke artha meM liyA hai| gRhyasUtroM meM upavAsa kA artha hai yajJoM meM prayukta honevAle anAja se bane bhojana kA dina meM kevala eka bAra halakA prayoga, kintu usake sAtha zAka, mASa (dAla), namaka evaM mAMsa kA prayoga manA hai (gobhila0 1 / 5 / 26; khAdira0 2 / 114 evaM 6; kauzikasUtra 1 / 31, 32; kAThaka0 46 / 2) / bRhadA0 upa0 (4|4|22)ne anAzaka (upavAsa)ko tapa se saMyukta kara kahA hai ki yaha paramAtmA kI anubhUti ke lie sAdhana-svarUpa hai| jaimini (3 / 8 / 9-11) ne upavAsa ko tapa mAnA hai| manu (11 // 203-viSNu0 54 / 29) kA kathana hai ki eka dina kA upavAsa vedavyavasthita kRtyoM (yathA darzapUrNamAsa yajJa yA sandhyAvandana) ko chor3a dene evaM snAtaka ke viziSTa karmoM ko pramAda se chor3a dene para prAyazcitta rUpa meM kiyA jAtA hai (manu 4134) / upavAsa karate samaya kaI karma chor3a dene par3ate haiN| bAra-bAra pAnI pIne se upavAsa kA phala jAtA rahatA hai, isI prakAra pAna (tAmbUla) khAne, dina meM sone evaM saMbhoga se isakA phala naSTa ho jAtA hai (devala, aparArka pR0 199, smRtica0 2, pR0 355) kintu garuDapurANa (1 / 12816) evaM bhaviSyapurANa (1 / 184 / 27) ne upavAsa ke samaya (19 / 16 evaM 18); athApyudAharanti / yatkicitkurute pApaM puruSo vRttikazitaH / api gocarmamAtreNa bhUmidAnena zudhyati // vasiSTha0 (29 / 16) / 'gocarma' ke artha ke lie dekhie isa grantha kA khaMDa 3, adhyAya 16 / 8. suvarNadAnaM godAnaM bhUmidAnaM tathaiva c| nAzayantyAzu pApAni anyajanmakRtAnyapi // saMvarta (204, prAyaH tattva pR0 483) / hiMsAyAM dAnameva mukhyamityuktaM bhvissye| hiMsAtmakAnAM sarveSAM kautitAnAM mniissibhiH| prAyazcittakadambAnAM dAnaM prathamamucyate // prAya0 pr0| 9. dattvA bhUmyAdikaM rAjA tAmrapaTTe ptte'thvaa| zAsanaM kArayeddhamyaM sthAnavaMzyAdisaMyutam // mAtApitrorAtmanazca punnyaayaamuksuunve| dattaM mayAmukAyAca vAnaM sabrahmacAriNe // bRhaspati (madanaratna, vyavahAra, pR0 66) /

Page #48
pApa nivAraNa ke upAya 1041 puSpoM, AbhUSaNoM, bhar3akIle paridhAnoM, mAlAoM, aMjanoM, candana - lepa, dantamaMjana ke sevana kI anumati dI hai| dakSa (parA0 mA0, 31, pR0 438) kA kathana hai ki jaba koI vyakti sUrya ke uttarAyaNa yA dakSiNAyana hone ke dina yA viSuva ke dina ( jaba rAta aura dina barAbara hote haiM) yA sUrya grahaNa yA candra grahaNa ke samaya rAta aura dina upavAsa karatA hai aura snAna karatA hai to vaha sabhI pApoM se mukta ho jAtA hai / " manu ( 11 / 166 - agni0 169 / 31 ) ne ghAsa, IMdhana, vRkSa, sUkhe bhojya padArtha ( cAvala Adi), vastra, khAla evaM mAMsa kI corI ke prAyazcitta ke lie tIna dinoM kA upavAsa nirdhArita kiyA hai| anuzAsanaparva ( 106 / 1) ne kahA hai ki sabhI varNoM ke logoM ne evaM mlecchoM ne upavAsa kI mahattA gAyI hai| sabhI dharmoM ( pArasiyoM ko chor3akara) ne, yathA-- hibrU, IsAI (leNTa meM ) evaM muslima ( ramajAna meM) ne apane mana ke niyantraNa evaM prAyazcitta ke lie upavAsa kI mahattA samajhI hai| bhaviSya 0 ( 1, adhyAya 16 / 12- 14) kA kathana hai ki agnihotra na karanevAle loga vratoM, nigrahoM, dAnoM aura vizeSataH upavAsoM dvArA devoM ko prasanna rakha sakate haiM; isane pratipadA se 15vIM tithi taka ke bhojya padArthoM ke nAma ginAye haiM ( zloka 18 - 22 ) / zata0 brA0 tathA zrauta evaM gRhyasUtroM meM upavasatha zabda upavAsa ke artha meM prayukta huA hai ( upa + vas ) / Apa0 dha0 sU0 (2|1|1|4-5 ) ne pati-patnI ke lie parva ke dina upavAsa kI vyavasthA dI hai aura kahA hai ki yadi ve binA khAye na raha sakeM to dina meM kevala eka bAra upavAsa ke yogya padArtha grahaNa kara sakate haiN| aparArka ( pR0 199), smRtica0 ( zrAddha, pR0 355), kRtyaratnAkara ne vyAsa ko udadhRta kara 'upavAsa' kI vyutpatti batAyI hai / " Apa0 dha0 sU0 (2/5/9-13), baudhA0 dha0 sU0 (2/7/32), vasiSTha0 (6 / 21), zAMkhAyanagRhya0 (2 / 16 / 5 ) meM eka vAkya hai, yathA- 'AhitAgni, gAr3I kA baila evaM brahmacArI -- ye apanA kArya khAkara karate haiM, ve binA khAye apane kartavyoM kA sampAdana nahIM kara skte|' yaha kathana prAyazcittoM evaM ekAdazI ke upavAsoM meM nahIM prayukta hotA ( Apa0 dha0 sU0 2 / 7 / 34) / zAntiparva ( 323 | 17) kA kathana hai---" jisa prakAra gandA vastra Age calakara jala se dho liyA jAtA hai usI prakAra upavAsa kI agni tapAye gaye vyakti ke pAsa samApta na honevAlA Ananda A jAtA hai / " zAntiparva meM eka sthAna (79 / 18) para aura AyA hai - "upavAsa se zarIra ko durbala kara denA tapa nahIM hai, pratyuta ahiMsA, satya vacana, anirvayatA, nigraha evaM kRpA hI tapa ke dyotaka haiN|" tIrthayAtrA - aisA vizvAsa thA ki tIrthayAtrA karane evaM pavitra nadiyoM ( yathA gaMgA) meM snAna karane se manuSya pApa kaTate haiM / viSNu0 ( 35 / 6) meM AyA hai ki mahApAtakI loga azvamedha se yA pRthvI para pavitra sthAnoM kI yAtrA karane se pavitra ho jAte haiM / devala ne kahA hai ki yajJoM ke sampAdana yA tIrthoM kI yAtrA dvArA jAna-bUjhakara na kI gayI brahmahatyA ke pApa se mukti mila sakatI hai| parAzara ( 12 / 58) kA kathana hai ki cAroM vedoM ke jJAtA brAhmaNa kI hatyA karanevAle ko setubandha (rAmezvara ) jAnA caahie|" devala kA kathana hai -- "vyakti tIrthasthAnoM evaM devamandiroM meM jAne 10. ayane viSuve caiva candrasUryagrahe tathA / ahorAtroSitaH snAtvA sarvapApaiH pramucyate // dakSa ( parA0 mA0 1, 1, pR0 438 ) / viSuva ke samaya rAta aura dina barAbara hote haiN| 11. 'upAvRttasya pApebhyo yastu vAso guNaiH saha / upavAsaH sa vijJeyaH sarva bhogavivarjitaH / aparArka, pR0 199 / 'guNaiH' kA artha hai 'kSamAdibhi:' evaM 'bAsaH' kA artha hai 'niyamenAvasthAnam' / 12. cAtuvidyopapana tu nidhane brahmaghAtake / samudrasetugamanaM prAyazcittaM vinivizet // parAzara (12 / 58, aparArka, pR0 1061; prAya0 vi0 pU0 45) / prAyazcitaprakAza ne kahA hai- "brahmahatyAvratamupakramya bhaviSyapurANe; 59

Page #49
1042 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa se evaM tapasvI brAhmaNoM ke darzanoM se pApa-mukta ho jAtA hai, aura samudra meM milanevAlI nadiyA~, sabhI mahAn parvata, mandira evaM vana pavitra haiN|" matsyapurANa (184 / 18) ne kahA hai ki meru yA mandara nAmaka parvata se bhI bhArI pApa kI gaTharI avimukta (vArANasI) meM pahuMcane se kaTa jAtI hai| kUrmapurANa (pUrvArdha, 29 / 3) kA kathana hai-"maiM kaliyuga meM sabhI jIvoM ke pApoM ke nAza ke lie vArANasI se bar3hakara koI anya prAyazcitta nahIM dekhtaa|" pezavAoM ke rAjya kAla meM bhI brahmahatyA ke lie tIrthayAtrA kI vyavasthA thI aura yaha kahA gayA thA ki isa prAyazcitta ke uparAnta brAhmaNoM ko hatyAre ke sAtha bhojana karanA cAhie aura use pavitra samajhanA cAhie (selekzana phrAma pezavA rekarDsa, jilda 43, pR0 107) / aura dekhie rAjavAr3e khaNDa (6, patra 113, pR0 225) / smRtyarthasAra (pR0 149-150) meM AyA hai ki purANoM se patA calatA hai ki brahmA, viSNu evaM ziva jaise devoM; bhRgu, vasiSTha evaM vizvAmitra jaise mahAna RSiyoM; harizcandra, nala evaM sagara jaise rAjAoM ne tIrthoM dvArA hI itanI mahattA prApta kI; pANDavoM, kRSNa ne tathA nArada, vyAsa Adi RSiyoM me rAjya-prApti evaM pApamocana ke lie tIrthayAtrAe~ kI thiiN| hama tIrthoM ke viSaya meM alaga se eka vibhAga meM likheNge| vindhyAduttarato yasya nivAsaH prikiirtitH| parAzaramataM tasya setubandhasya darzanam // iti| ....atra ca vindhyottaravartinaH SaSTayadhikazatatrayayojanagamanena tAvatsaMkhyAkaprAjApatyApanovabrahmahatyApanodoktestIrthAnukUlakakayojanagamanaspaikaikaprAjApatyatulyatvamarthAduktaM bhvti|" 13. nAnyatpazyAmi jantUnAM muktyA vArANasI purIm / sarvapApaprazamanaM prAyazcittaM kalau yuge|| kUrmapurANa (pUrvArSa, 29 / 3, parA0 mA0 2, 2, pR0 162) / abhisaMgamya tIrthAni puNyAnyAyatanAni c| naraH pApAtpramucyeta brAhmaNAMzca tpsvinH|| sarvAH samudragAH puNyAH sarve puNyA ngottmaaH| sarvamAyatanaM puNyaM sarve puNyA vnaashryaaH|| devaka (parA0 mA0 212, pR0 201; prA0 prkaash)|

Page #50
adhyAya 3 prAyazcitta; isakA udbhava, vyutpatti evaM artha vaidika sAhitya meM do zabda prayukta hue haiN| prAyazcitti evaM prAyazcitta aura donoM kA artha bhI vahA~ eka hI hai, yadyapi prAyazciti apekSAkRta adhika prAcIna lagatA hai| taittirIya saMhitA (2 / 1 / 2 / 4, 2 / 1 / 4 / 1, 3 // 1 // 3 // 2-3, 5 / 1 / 9 / 3 evaM 5 / 3 / 12 / 1) meM prAyazcitti zabda bAra-bAra AyA hai| yahA~ pApa kA prazna nahIM uThAyA gayA hai|' isa zabda kA artha hai 'koI aisA kArya karanA jisase kisI acAnaka ghaTita ghaTanA yA anartha (aniSTa) kA mArjana ho jAya, yathA-ukhA (ubAlane yA pakAne ke pAtra) kA TUTa jAnA yA sUrya kI dIpti kA ghaTa jaanaa|' ta0 saM0 (5 / 3 / 12 / 1) meM yaha zabda pApa ke prAyazcitta ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| spaSTa hai, ati prAcIna granthoM meM isa zabda ke artha ke do rUpa the / kauSItaki brA0 (6 / 12) meM AyA hai-"logoM kA kathana hai ki jo kucha yajJa meM truTi yA atireka ghaTita hotA hai usakA prabhAva brahmA purohita para par3atA hai aura vaha tIna vedoM se usakA mArjana karatA hai yA ThIka karatA hai| yaha zabda atharvaveda (14 / 1 / 30), vAja0 saM0 (39 / 12, niSkRti se milatA-julatA), aita0 brA0 (5 / 27), zata0 bA0 (4 / 57 / 1, 7/124 / 9, 9 / 5 / 3 / 8 evaM 12 / 5 / 1 / 6) Adi meM bhI AyA hai| prAyazcitta zabda kauSItaki brA0 (5 / 9 / 6 / 12) meM aura anyatra bhI AyA hai| Azva0 zrI0 (3 / 10 / 38) evaM zAMkhA. zrI0 (3 / 19 / 1) meM krama se prAyazciti evaM prAyazcitta zabda Aye haiN|' pAraskara gRhya0 (1310) meM prAyazcitti kA prayoga huA hai| jaimini meM kaI sthAnoM (6137, 6 / 4 / 10, 6 / 5 / 45 evaM 12 / 3 / 16) para prAyazcitta zabda AyA hai| zabara ne inameM se antima sUtra kI (jai0 1 / 3 / 16) vyAkhyA karate hue prAyazcitta ke do prakAra vyakta kiye haiM-(1) yajJa kI vidhi meM pramAda se yA yajJopakaraNa ke girane se jo gar3abar3I hotI hai usake kuprabhAva ko sudhArane ke lie kucha kA prayoga hotA hai tathA (2) kucha kA prayoga kisI kRtya ke sahAyaka bhAgoM ke rUpa meM, arthAt unakA prayoga kabhI isalie hotA hai ki vyakti ne jo vyava 1. asAvAvityo na vyarocata tasmai devAH prAyazcisimacchan / tai0 saM0 (23112 / 4 evaM 2 / 1141); yadi bhiveta taireva kapAlaH saMsRjetsava tataH praayshcittiH| tai0 saM0 (5 / 1 / 9 / 3); eSa vai prajApati sarva karoti yo'zvamedhena magate sarva eva bhavati sarvasya vA eSA prAyazcittiH sarvasya bheSajam / tai0 saM0 (5 / 3 / 12 / 1) / 2. yada yazasya skhalitaM volvaNaM vA bhavati brahmaNa eva tatprAhustasya trayyA vidyayA bhissjyti| kauSItaki mA0 (6 / 12) / 3. vidhyaparAdhe praayshcitiH| Azva0 zrI0 (3310); vidhyaparAdhe praayshcittm| arthalope pratinidhiH / zAM0 zrI0 (311931); vidhyaparA prAyazcitaM doSanighAtArtha vidhIyate'nAjAte vizeSa dhyAnaM nArAyaNasya tajjapejyAhomAzca hnnaarpmiti| baikhAnasazrautasUtra (2011) / nArAyaNa kI TIkA meM Azva0 zrI0 (3310) kI vyAkhyA yoM hai-"pihitasyAkaraNe'nyayAkaraNe ca prAyazcittiH krtvyaa| prAyo vinAzaH cittiH sndhaanm| vinaSTasaMdhAnaM prAyacitirityuktaM bhvti|"

Page #51
1044 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa sthita kRtya nahIM kiyA hai usakA samAdhAna ho jAya yA vyakti ne jo niSiddha kArya kiyA hai usakA mocana ho jAya (yathA sUryodaya ho jAne ke uparAnta bhI yadi dainika agnihotra na kiyA jAya taba ) / zata0 brA0 ( 12/4 ) evaM aita0 brA0 ( 32/3 - 11 ) ne prAyazcitta ke lie kucha manoraMjaka dRSTAnta diye haiM, yathA -jaba koI duSTa zUkara, bher3a yA kuttA yajJiya agnayoM ke bIca se calA jAya, yA jaba gAya duhate samaya agnihotra- dugdha gira jAya, yA jaba dugdha- pAtra mukha ke bala ulaTa jAya yA vaha TUTa jAnevAlA rahA ho, yA duhI jAte samaya gAya baiTha jAnevAlI rahI ho, yA jaba prathama Ahuti ke uparAnta hI agni bujha jAnevAlI rahI ho, Adi aadi| aura dekhie isI prakAra ke anya udAharaNoM ke lie mAnava gR0 (113), hiraNyakezi gR0 (1 / 5 / 1-16), bhAradvAja gR0 (2032), kauzikasUtra ( 46 / 14-55), Azva0 zrI0 ( 3 / 10 ) evaM Azva0 gR0 (3 / 6-7) / mImAMsA ke zabdoM meM prAyazcitta yA to Rtvartha hai yA puruSArtha / prathama prakAra kI vyavasthA zrautasUtroM meM hai| dUsare prakAra ke prAyazcittoM kA varNana smRtiyoM meM huA hai| hama yahA~ puruSArthaM prAyazcittoM kA hI varNana kareMge, kyoMki prathama prakAra ke prAyazcittoM kI ora saMketa isa grantha ke khaMDa 2 meM ho cukA hai, aura ve prAcIna kAla meM bhI bahuta kama prayojita hote the / adhikAMza nibandhoM evaM TIkAoM ne prAyazvina kI vyutpatti prAyaH ( arthAt tapa) evaM citta (arthAt saMkalpa yA dRDha vizvAsa ) se kI hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki isakA sambandha tapa karane ke saMkalpa se hai yA isa vizvAsa se hai ki isase pApamocana hogaa| kucha anya lekhakoM ne anya vyutpattiyA~ bhI dI haiN| vAlambhaTTI (yAjJa0 3 / 206 ) ke mata se 'prAyaH' kA artha hai 'pApa' aura 'citta' kA 'zodhana' yA zuddhIkaraNa ( pakSadhara mizra, bhaktUpAdhyAya evaM ToDarAnanda ne ise uddhRta kiyA hai, kintu parA0 mA0 pR0 2 ne isa uddharaNa ke mUla ko aprAmANika mAnA hai| hemAdri ne bhI eka ajJAta bhASyakAra kI vyAkhyA kI ora saMketa kiyA hai; 'prAyaH' kA artha hai 'vinAza' aura 'citta' kA artha hai 'saMdhAna' ( eka sAtha jor3anA) ataH 'prAyazcitta' kA artha huA 'jo naSTa gayA hai usakI pUrti', ataH yaha pApa kSaya ke lie naimittika kArya huA '' parAzara mAghavIya ne eka smRti kA ullekha karake kahA hai ki vaha prAyazcitta hai jisake dvArA anutApa ( pazcAtApa) karane vAle pApI kA cita (mana) sAmAnyataH (prAyazaH ) parSad (vidvAn brAhmaNoM kI pariSad yA sabhA ) dvArA viSama ke sthAna para sama kara diyA jAtA hai arthAta sAdhAraNa sthiti meM kara diyA jAtA hai| sAmavidhAna kI TIkA meM sAyaNa ne eka anya vyutpatti dI hai; 'prAyaH' zabda 'pra' evaM 'aya:' se banA hai, aura isakA artha hai jo vihita hai usake na sampA 4. prAyo nAma tapaH proktaM cittaM nizcaya ucyate / taponizcayasaMyogAtprAyazcittamiti smRtam // aMgirA ( haravatta, gau0 22|1; prAyazcittaviveka pR0 2 ) / 5. taduktam / prAyaH pApaM vinidiSTaM cittaM tasya vizodhanam / iti / caturviMzatimate'pyevam / tathA pApanivartanakSamadharmavizeSa yogarUDho'yaM zabda iti tastvam / bAlambhaTTI (yAjJa0 3 / 206 ) / 6. yattu pakSadhara mizrabhaktUpAdhyAyaToDarAnanvakRtaH - prAyaH pApaM vijAnIyAnvittaM tasya vizodhanamiti va peThustatrAkarazcintyaH / prAya0 ma0 ( 0 2); bhASyakArastu prAyo vinAzaH cittaM sandhAnaM vinaSTasya sandhAnamiti vibhAgayogena prAyazcittazabdaH pApakSayAyeM naimittike karmavizeSe vartate / hemAdri ( prAyazcita, pR0 989 ) / 7. prAyazazca samaM cittaM cArayitvA pradIyate / parSadA kAryate yattu prAyazcittamiti smRtam // pApinonutApinazca cittaM vyAkulaM sad viSamaM bhavati tacca parvadA yena vratAnuSThAnena prAyazo'vazyaM samaM kAryate tad vrataM prAyazcittam / vrataM cArayitvA cittavaiSamyanimittaM pApaM pradIyate khaNDyate vinAzyate ityarthaH / parA0 mA0 (2, bhAga 1, 103) /

Page #52
prAyazcita zana kI vyAlyA dana karane kI ghaTanA yA jAnakArI, aura 'citta' kA artha hai 'jJAna', ataH kisI viziSTa ghaTanA kI jAnakArI ke uparAnta dhArmika kRtyoM kA pAlana prAyazcitta hai / prAya0 vi0 (pR0 3) evaM prAya0 tattva (pR0 467) ne hArIta ko uddhRta kara eka anya vyutpatti dI hai-prayata (pavitra)+cita (saMgRhIta), jisake anusAra 'prAyazcitta' kA artha hai aise kArya yayA-tapa, dAna evaM yajJa jinase vyakti prayata (pavitra) ho jAtA hai aura apane ekatra pApoM (cita = upacita) kA nAza kara detA hai| jisa prakAra ki vastra namaka (kSAra), upasveda (garmI, uSNatA) tathA kholate pAnI meM DAlane evaM jala se dhone se svaccha ho jAtA hai / ataH jaisA ki mitAkSarA (yAjJa0 3 / 220) kA kathana hai, 'prAyazcitta' zabda rUha rUpa se usa karma yA kRtya kA dyotaka hai jise naimittika kahA jAtA hai, arthAt isakA upayoga tabhI hotA hai jaba ki usake lie koI avasara AtA hai| yaha pApa-nAza ke lie bhI prayukta hotA hai ata: yaha kAmya bhI hai| bRhaspati ne prAyazcitta ko naimittikakarma mAnA hai| dekhie parA0 mA0 (2, bhAga 1, pR0 7) evaM bAlambhaTTI (yAjJa0 / 206) / " jAbAla (prAya0 pra0) ke mata se prAyazcitta kA sambandha naimittika evaM kAmya donoM karmoM se hai| bRhaspati Adi ne pApoM ke do prakAra diye haiM; kAmakRta (arthAta jo jAna-bUjhakara kiyA jAya) tathA akAmakRta (arthAta jo yoM hI binA jAne-bujhe ho jaay)| kAmakRta pApoM ko prAyazcittoM dvArA naSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai ki nahIM, isa viSaya meM prAcIna kAla se hI prabhUta matabheda rahA hai| manu (11 / 45) evaM yAjJa0 (3 / 226) ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki anajAna meM kiye gaye pApoM kA nAza prAyazcittoM athavA vedAdhyayana se kiyA jA sakatA hai| aba prazna hai jAna-bUjha kara kiye gaye pApoM ke viSaya meM / gautama (1963-6 = vsisstth022|2-5) ne do mata diye haiM, jinameM se eka meM kahA gayA hai ki duSkRtyoM ke lie prAyazcitta nahIM kiye jAne cAhie, kyoMki unakA nAza nahIM hotA (unake phaloM ke bhoga se hI unakA nAza sambhava hai); kintu dUsare mata meM kahA gayA hai ki pApa ke prabhAvoM (phaloM) ko dUra karane ke lie prAyazcitta kA sampAdana honA caahie| dUsare mata kA AdhAra cAra vaidika uktiyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| prathama yaha hai-"koI vyakti punaHstoma ke sampAdana-uparAnta punaH somayajJa meM A sakatA hai (arthAt vaha sAmAnya vaidika kRtya kara sakatA hai)|" dUsarI ukti yaha hai-"nAtyastoma karane ke uparAnta (vyakti vaidika yajJoM ke sampAdana ke yogya ho jAtA hai)|" tIsarI yaha hai-"jo vyakti azvamedha karatA hai vaha saba pApoM ko pAra kara jAtA hai, aura brahmahatyA se mukta ho jAtA 8. ayaM ayaH praaptiH| prakagAyaH prAyaH / vihitadharmAkaraNasya praaptirityrthH| tatprakAraviSayaM cittaM cittinim| tatpUrvakAnuSThAnAni praayshcittaani| sAyaNa (sAmavidhAna bA0 1151) / 9. tatra haariitH| prayatatvAdopacitamazubhaM karma nAzayatIti praayshcittmiti| yattapaHprabhRtikaM karma upacitaM saMcitamazubhaM pApaM nAzayatIti / kRtatatkarmabhiH kartuH pryttvaadvaa| zuddhatvAdeva ttpraayshcittm| tathA ca punriiitH| yathA kSAropasvevacaNDanirNovanaprakSAlanAdibhirvAsAMsi zuSyanti evaM tapodAnayajJaH pApakRtaH shuddhimupynti| prAya0 tattva (pR0 467); aura dekhie prAya0 vi0 (pR0 3), madanapArijAta (pR0703) evaM praa0pr0| 10. prAyazcittazavazcAyaM pApakSayA naimittike karmavizeSe hvH| mitA0 (3 / 220), smRtimuktAphala (prAyazcitta, pR.0 859; parAzaramAdhavIya 21, pR0 3) / 11. karma ke tIna prakAra haiM-nitya, naimittika evaM kaamy| nitya vaha hai jo prati dina kiyA jAtA hai, yathAsandhyA-vandana, aura jisake na karane se pApa lagatA hai| naimittika vaha hai jo vizeSa avasara para kiyA jAtA hai, yathAgrahaNa ke samaya snaan| kAmya vaha hai jo kisI icchA kI pUrti ke lie sampAdita hotA hai, yathA-putra ke lie putreSTi yjny|

Page #53
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa hai|" aura cauyI ukti yaha hai-"jo dUsaroM para mahApAtaka mar3hatA hai, vaha agniSTuta karatA hai|" vasiSTha (20 // 1-2) ne prAyazcittoM kI sAmarthya ke viSaya meM uparyukta do matoM ko vyakta kiyA hai| manu (11145) kA kathana hai ki kucha logoM ke matAnusAra vedoM ke saMketa se jAna-bUjhakara kiye gaye pApoM ke zamanArtha prAyazcitta kiye jA sakate haiN| aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki uparyukta zrutivacana kevala arthavAda (arthAt prazaMsA yA stuti ke vacana mAtra) haiN| aisA samajhanA cAhie ki ina vacanoM se yaha vyakta hotA hai ki pApa-mocana ke lie azvamedha evaM anya ullikhita yajJa kiye jAne caahie| isa viSaya meM 'rAtrisatra' nyAya caritArtha hotA hai (jai0 4 / 3 / 17-19) / kucha satra (bAraha varSoM se bhI adhika avadhiyoM taka calane vAle yajJa) prasiddha haiM, yathA--trayodaza-rAtra, caturdaza-rAtra aadi| inheM rAtrisatra kahA jAtA hai| inake viSaya meM vaidika vacana yaha hai-"jo rAtrisatra sampAdita karate haiM ve sthiratA (dIrghajIvana yA alokika mahattA) prApta karate haiN|" inake sampAdana ke silasile meM kisI phala-vizeSa kA ullekha nahIM huA hai| ataH isa vacana meM prayukta 'pratiSThA' yA sthiratA ko hI rAtrisatroM ke sampAdana kA phala yA prayojana samajhanA cAhie (jai. 4 / 3 / 15-16) |.yhii bAta yAjJa0 (31226) ke isa vacana ke viSaya meM bhI lAgU hai; 'prAyazcittoM se pApamocana hotA hai|' medhAtithi ne taitti0 saM0 (6 / 2 / 7.5), kAThaka saM0 (815) evaM aita0 prA0 (35 / 2) meM varNita gAthA kI ora dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA hai; "indra ne yatiyoM ko zAlArakoM (kuttoM yA bheDiyoM) ko arpita kara diyA aura use usa pApa se mukti pAne ke lie upahavya nAmaka kRtyaM karanA pdd'aa|" manu (11346) ne apanA mata bhI diyA hai ki anajAna meM kiye gaye pApoM kA zamana vedavacanoM ke pATha se hotA hai aura jAna-bUjhakara kiye gaye pApa vibhinna prAyazcittoM se hI naSTa kiye jAte haiN| yAjJa0 (31226) kA kathana hai ki prAyazcitta jAna-bUjhakara kiye gaye pApoM ko naSTa nahIM karate, kintu pApI prAyazcitta kara lene se (prAyazcittoM ke viSaya meM kahI gayI vyavasthita uktiyoM ke kAraNa) anya logoM ke saMsarga meM A jAne ke yogya ho jAtA hai| lagatA hai, yAjJavalkya ke kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki jAna-bUjhakara arthAta jJAnapUrvaka kiye gaye pApoM ke phaloM (naraka Adi) se mukti nahIM miltii| yahI bAta manu (11 / 189) ke isa kathana se bhI jhalakatI hai --'prAyazcitta na karanevAle pApiyoM se sAmAjika sambandha nahIM karanA caahie|' yAjJa0 (3220) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki pAtakI ko apanI zuddhi ke lie prAyazcitta karanA cAhie ; isa prakAra (jaba vaha prAyazcitta kara letA hai) usakA antarAtmA pUrva sthiti ko prApta kara letA hai aura anya loga bhI prasanna ho jAte haiN| ataH smRtiyoM meM ullikhita prAyazcitta-uddezya saMkSepa meM nimna haiM-zuddhIkaraNa, pApI ke mana ko santoSa evaM logoM se sNsrg-sthaapn| chAgaleya (madanapArijAta, pR0 705, parA0 mA0 2, bhAga 1, pR0 201) kA kathana hai ki anajAna meM kiye gaye pApoM ke phaloM se hI prAyazcittoM dvArA chuTakArA milatA hai, jAna-bUjhakara kiye gaye pApoM (upapAtakoM, AtmahatyA yA AtmahatyA karane ke prayatna ke pApoM ko chor3akara) ke phaloM se mukti pAne ke lie koI prAyazcita nahIM hai| parA0 mA0 (2, bhAga 1, pR0 200-201) ne jAbAla ke eka padya evaM devala ke do padyoM ko uddhRta kara prAyazcitta kI sAmarthya ke viSaya meM do mata prakAzita kiye haiM aura isa viSaya meM baudhAyanasmRti ke mata kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai; jJAnapUrvaka kiye gaye pApoM ke lie prAyazcitta nahIM hai aura aMgirA ne isake lie dUne prAyazcittoM kI vyavasthA dI hai| aMgirA kA yaha bhI kathana hai ki vajita kArya karane se utpanna pApoM ko prAyazcitta usI prakAra naSTa kara detA hai jisa prakAra andhakAra ko ugatA huA sUrya naSTa kara detA hai| manu (1947) kA kahanA hai-"jo dvija pUrvajanma ke kAraNa athavA isa janma meM 12. anabhisandhikRte praayshcittmpraadhe| abhisndhikRtepyeke| vasiSTha0 (2011-2) /

Page #54
jJAnakRta pApa prAyazcita se kaTate haiM ki nahIM ? bhAgya ke kAraNa koI pApa kRtya karatA hai aura prAyazcitta-sampAdana kA bhAgI ho jAtA hai, to vaha jaba taka prAyazcitta nahIM kara letA taba taka sudhI janoM ke samparka meM use nahIM hI jAnA caahie|" Apa0 gha0 sU0 ( 119 / 24 / 24-25) ne vyavasthA dI hai - "yadi koI vyakti guru (pitA, veda- zikSaka Adi) ko yA usa brAhmaNa ko, jo vedajJa hai aura jisane somayajJa samApta kara liyA hai, mAra DAlatA hai, to use mRtyu paryanta ina niyamoM (Apa 0 dha0 sU0 1 19 | 24|10-32) ke anusAra calanA caahie| vaha isa jIvana meM isa duSkRtya ke pApa se mukti nahIM pA sktaa| kintu usakA pApa usakI mRtyu para kaTa jAtA hai / " isase prakaTa hotA hai ki mRtyu- paryanta calatA huA prAyazcitta pApa ko naSTa kara detA hai| yahI mata aMgirA, yama Adi kA bhI hai| smRtiyoM dvArA upasthApita vibhinna matoM kA samAdhAna mitAkSarA ( yaajny03|226) ne kiyA hai, jo sabhI madhya kAla ke lekhakoM ko mAnya hai / usakI ukti hai-- pApoM ke phala evaM zakti do prakAra kI haiM, yathA-naraka kI prApti evaM pApI kA samAja ke sadasyoM dvArA bhisskaar| ataH yadi prAyazcitta pApI ko naraka se na bacA sake to bhI usake dvArA samAja-saMsarga -sthApana anucita nahIM kahA jA sakatA ! jo pApakRtya patanIya ( jAticyuta karane vAle ) nahIM haiM ve manu (11 / 46 ) ke kathana dvArA prAyazcitta se avazya naSTa ho jAte haiN| ve pApa bhI jo patanIya haiM aura jAna-bUjhakara kiye gaye haiM, ApastambadharmasUtra ( 1/9/24 / 24-25 evaM 1|10|28|18 ) ke kathama se mRtyu paryanta calane vAle prAyazcittoM se dUra ho sakate haiM (manu 11 / 73, yAjJa0 3 / 247-248, gautama 22 / 2-3, brAhmaNa hatyA ke lie; manu 1990-91, yAjJa0 3 / 253, gautama 23|1, surApAna ke lie; gautama 23 / 8-11, manu 11 / 103-104, yAjJa0 3 / 259, guru- patnI se saMbhoga ke lie; manu 11 / 99-100 evaM yAjJa0 3 / 257, brAhmaNa ke sone kI corI ke lie) / prAyazcittamuktAvalI jaise madhyakAla ke nibandhoM kA kathana hai ki brAhmaNa pApiyoM ke viSaya meM mRtyu paryanta calanevAlA prAyazcitta kalivarjya matAnusAra varjita hai, ataH hatyAre brAhmaNa ke lie kevala bAraha varSoM kA prAyazcitta hI paryApta hai| parAzaramAdhavIya (2, bhAga 1, pR0 201-203) ne mitAkSarA kA mata pradarzita kiyA hai aura lagatA hai isane use svIkRta bhI kiyA hai| isane eka mata aura diyA hai| jo loga ise mAnate haiM unhoMne yAjJa0 ( 3 / 226) ke 'kAmatovyavahAryastu' ko 'avagraha' ke sAtha par3hA hai aura artha lagAyA hai ki jisane kisI pApa ke lie vyavasthita prAyazcitta kara liyA hai vaha naraka meM nahIM giratA, kintu yadi usane jAna-bUjhakara koI aparAdha kiyA hai to vaha ziSToM se milane kI anumati nahIM pA sakatA / manu ( 11 / 190 = viSNu 0 54 / 32 ) meM AyA hai ki jo baccoM kI hatyA karatA hai, jo acchA karane para burA karatA hai, jo zaraNa meM Agata kI hatyA kara DAlatA hai, jo striyoM kA hattA hai, aise vyakti ke sAtha, bhale hI usane ucita prAyazcitta kara liyA ho taba bhI saMsarga nahIM rakhanA caahie| isI prakAra kA eka zloka yAjJa0 kA bhI hai ( 3 / 298) jisa para vijJAnezvara ne bahuta hI manoraMjaka TippaNI kI hai, jo madhyakAla ke lekhakoM kI usa bhAvanA kI yotaka hai jise ve vaidika yA smRti vAkyoM kI tathAkathita prAmANikatA se parezAna hokara vyakta karate rahate the| mitAkSarA kA kathana hai- " yAjJa0 ( 3 / 298 ) ne jo niSiddhatA pradarzita kI hai vaha kevala prAcIna vacanoM (uktiyoM) para AdhArita hai na ki tarka para 'vacana' kyA nahIM kara sakate haiM ? vacana se bhArI kucha nahIM hai| isalie yadyapi vyabhicAriNI strI kI hatyA ke lie halake prAyazcitta kI vyavasthA dI gayI hai tathApi usa hatyAre ke lie 'vacanoM' para AdhArita yaha niyama banA hai ki usake sAtha koI saMsarga nahIM kara sktaa|""" / yaha ukti zAbara bhASya se lI gayI hai aura vizva d 13. prAyazcittena kSINadoSAnapi na saMvyavaharediti vAcaniko'yaM pratiSedhaH / 'kimiti vacanaM na kuryAna hi

Page #55
1048 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa rUpa se lekara Age ke sabhI dharmazAstrakAroM dvArA smRtivacanoM ko nyAyasaMgata siddha karane ke lie apanAyI gayI hai, male hI ve tarkasaMgata na hoM aura atizayokti se bhare-pUre hoN| prAyazcittatarava ( pR0 544 - 545 ) ne mitAkSarA dvArA pratipAdita pApa kI do zaktiyoM evaM yAjJavalkya ( 3 / 298 ) se sambandhita usake nirdezoM ko uddhRta kara kahA hai ki bRhaspati ke nimna vacana kA sahArA lenA cAhie; "kevala zAstra ke zabdoM ke AdhAra para hI nirNaya nahIM karanA cAhie, pratyuta nirNaya tarkasaMgata honA cAhie; 'striyoM ke hatyAroM' nAmaka vacana vyabhicAriNI striyoM kI ora saMketa nahIM karatA. pratyuta vaha nirdoSa striyoM kI ora nirdeza (yathA apane zatruoM kI patniyoM kI ora nirdeza) karatA hai|" nArada ( sAhasa, zloka 11) kA kathana hai ki una logoM ko, jo rAjA dvArA prathama yA dvitIya (madhyama) prakAra ke daNDa se daNDita hote haiM, samAja ke anya sadasyo se milane-julane kI anumati milatI hai, kintu uttama prakAra ke arthAta adhikatama daNDa pAne vAle ko nahIM / jo loga prAyazcitta kara lene ke uparAnta bhI pApI kI saMsarga - sambandhI ayogyatA ke mata kA samarthana karate haiM ve vedAntasUtra ( 3 | 4 43, bahistUbhayathApi smRterAcArAcca) kA sahArA lete haiM / kiMtu parA0 mA0 ne ThIka hI kahA hai ki yaha sUtra una logoM kI ora saMketa karatA hai jo jIvana bhara brahmacarya ke pAlana kA vrata lekara use chor3a dete haiM (usake anusAra nahIM calate haiM), na ki yaha sUtra gRhasthoM kI ora saMketa karatA hai| yahI bAta parA0 mA0 ke mata se kauzika bhI kahate haiM | dekhie smRtimuktAphala ( prAyazcitta, pR0 867 - 868 ) / prAyazcittamayUkha ( pR07 ) kA kathana hai ki zaMkarAcArya ne yAjJa0 (3 / 226) ko par3hane ke uparAnta hI vedAnta-sUtra ( 3 | 4143) kI vyAkhyA kI hai aura kahA hai ki naiSThika brahmacarya vrata ( AjIvana brahmacarya yA saMnyAsa) se cyuta ho jAte haiM ve hI samAja-saMsarga se vaMcita hote haiM / eka prazna pUchA jA sakatA hai; prAyazcitta pApa ko naSTa karatA hai, aisA kyoMkara mAnA jAya ? uttara hai-kauna sA pApa mahApAtaka hai yA upapAtaka hai yA bilkula pApa nahIM hai, isakI vyavasthA zAstra (zruti evaM smRti ) ne dI hai| udAharaNArtha, sAdhAraNa jana ke samakSa yaha nahIM prakaTa ho pAtA ki khAnoM ke adhyakSa hone, nIca logoM se mitratA karane zUdra kI naukarI karane se pApa kyoM lagatA hai| kintu smRtiyA~ aisA kahatI haiM, ataH hameM ise mAnanA par3egA / yadi pApamaya kRtyoM kI jAnakArI ke lie hameM smRtiyoM para nirbhara rahanA hI hai to yaha niSkarSa nikAlanA hI par3atA hai ki una smRtiyoM para bhI, jo pApamocana ke lie prAyazcittoM kI vyavasthA detI haiM, vizvAsa karanA hogA / bhagavadgItA (4137 ) IT kathana hai ki AdhyAtmika jJAna kI agni sabhI (saMcita) karmoM ( evaM unake phaloM) ko jalA DAlatI hai| yA bahuta-se pApoM ke lie (sabhI nahIM), jinake lie prAyazcittoM kI vyavasthA hai, rAjA yA rAjya se bhI daNDa milatA hai| udAharaNArtha, sabhI dezoM meM Ajakala aura prAcIna evaM madhya kAla meM bhI hatyA, corI, vyabhicAra, kUTasAkSya (jhUThI gavAhI) jaise kRtyoM ke lie rAjya dvArA daNDa kI vyavasthA rahI hai| ina kRtyoM ke aparAdhiyoM ko prAyazcitta bhI karane par3ate the / sambhavataH do prakAra kI daNDa-vyavasthA ke kAraNa hI prAcIna evaM madhyakAlIna bhArata kI daNDa-vyavasthA pazcimI dezoM Art apekSA halakI thI / pazcimI dezoM meM abhI eka-do zatAbdI pUrva taka sAdhAraNa aparAdhoM ke lie bhArI-bhArI daNDoM kI vyavasthA thii| kucha aise karma bhI haiM jinake lie rAjya kI ora se Aja aura sambhavataH prAcIna yA madhyakAlIna bhArata bhI, daNDa kI vyavasthA nahIM thI, yathA- pUrva adhIta veda kA vismaraNa, sUryodaya evaM sUryAsta ke uparAnta sonA ( yaha pAtaka mAnA jAtA thA, vasiSTha 1 / 19; kucha aise pAtaka yAjJa0 3 / 239 ke anusAra upapAtaka mAtra haiM), agnihotra Arambha kara use chor3a denA (usase sambandhita kRtya na karanA) / aisA nahIM prakaTa hotA ki ina karmoM ke lie kisI bhAratIya vacanasyAtibhAro'sti / ' atazca yadyapi vyabhicAriNInAM vadhe'lpIya evaM prAyazcittaM tathApi vAcaniko'yaM saMmyavahArapratiSedhaH / mitA0 ( yAjJa0 3 / 298 ) /

Page #56
prAyazcitta aura rAjadaNDa donoM ko AvazyakatA evaM prAcInatA 1049 rAjA ne kabhI kisI vyakti ko daNDita kiyaa| kintu mArga ko avaruddha karane, rAjA ko bhojana karate samaya lukachipakara dekhane, rAjA ke samakSa nitamboM yA jaMghAoM ke bala baiThane, rAjA ke samakSa ucca svara se bolane se (aise kRtya karane se jo pacAsa chaloM meM gine jAte haiM) rAjA ucita daNDa de sakatA thaa| dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 3, adhyAya 11 / kintu hamAre pAsa koI aisA pramANa nahIM hai jisake AdhAra para kahA jA sake ki ye kRtya prAyazcittoM ke niyamoM kI sImA ke antargata Ate the| prAyazcitta ke yogya pAtakoM, evaM vidvAn brAhmaNoM kI pariSad dvArA vyavasthA prApta rAjA dvArA daNDita kiye jAnevAle aparAdhiyoM ke aparAdhoM meM kyA sambandha thA? prAyazcitta ke niyamoM evaM pariSadoM dvArA vyavasthita rAjyazAsana-vyavahAroM meM kauna pahale banA? kyA prAyazcitta evaM rAjya-daNDa eka sAtha calate the yA pRthak pRthak ? ina praznoM kA uttara nizcita rUpa meM denA kaThina hai| hama jAnate haiM ki tai0 saM0 meM bhI azvamedha-jaise prAyazcittoM kA ullekha hai| hama yaha bhI jAnate haiM ki praznavivAka (jo vyutpatti evaM artha meM prAvivAka ke samAna hai) kA ullekha vAja. saM0 (30 / 10) evaM te0 prA0 (3 / 5 / 6)) meM huA hai| ataH spaSTa hai ki Arambhika kAla meM bhI nyAya-sambandhI kAryoM evaM zAsana-prabandha-sambandhI kAryoM meM antara-vizeSa prakaTa kara diyA gayA thaa| tANDyabA0 (1416 / 6) meM nirdezita agni-divya (dekhie isa grantha kA khaMDa 3, adhyAya 14) tathA corI ke aparAdha meM vyakti dvArA hAtha meM jalatA lauha-khaNDa rakhanA aura usakA mArA jAnA yaha vyakta karatA hai ki divya-grahaNa karAyA jAtA thA, aura sAtha hI sAtha corI ke aparAdha meM mRtyu-daNDa bhI diyA jAtA thaa| bRhaspati (vivAdaratnAkara meM uddhRta) kA kathana hai-"yadi kisI saccaritra evaM vedAbhyAsI vyakti ne corI kA aparAdha kiyA hai to use bahuta samaya taka bandI-gRha meM rakhanA cAhie aura dhana ko lauTA dene ke uparAnta usase prAyazcitta karAnA caahie|14 pariSad prAyazcittoM ke lie svayaM apane niyama nirdhArita karatI thI, aura rAjA daNDa detA thaa| pariSad ke niyamoM evaM rAjA ke daNDoM meM kauna prAcIna hai, kahanA kaThina hai| yaha bahuta sambhava hai ki pariSad ke dhArmika nyAya-kSetra meM rAjA dakhala nahIM detA thA aura brAhmaNa loga nyAyAdhIzoM ke rUpa meM evaM daNDa-sambandhI sammatiyAM dekara rAjA ko nyAya-zAsana meM sahAyatA dete the| dekhie vasiSTha (5 / 194) / gautama (831) ne zata0 brA0 (5 / 4 / 4 / 5) ke zabdoM ke samAna hI kahA hai-rAjA evaM bahuzruta brAhmaNa saMsAra kI naitika vyavasthA ko dhAraNa karanevAle haiN| ApastambadharmasUtra (2 / 5 / 10 / 12-16) meM eka mahattvapUrNa sUcanA hai-"jo loga indriya-daurbalya ke kAraNa zAstravihita jAti-sambandhI suvidhAoM evaM kartavyoM ke pAlana se patha-bhraSTa ho gaye hoM, unheM AcArya unake pApamaya kRtyoM ke anurUpa zAstrAnumodita prAyazcitta karane kI AjJA de| jaba ve apane AcArya ke Adeza kA ullaMghana kareM to vaha unheM rAjA ke pAsa le jaay| rAjA unheM dharmazAstrajJa evaM zAsana-catura purohita ke pAsa bheja de| vaha (purohita), unheM yadi ve brAhmaNa haiM, ucita prAyazcitta karane kA Adeza de| zArIrika daNDa evaM dAsatA ko chor3akara vaha anya kaThina sAdhanoM dvArA unheM hIna (durbala) 14. vRttasvAdhyAyavAn steyo bandhanAt klizyate ciram / svAmine tadanaM dApyaH prAyazcittaM tu kArayet // bRhaspati (vivAdaratnAkara pa0 331) / sambhava hai ki isa zloka kA artha yaha hai ki usa vidvAn brAhmaNa ko, jo sadAcArI hai, kintu jisane lobha meM par3akara corI kara lI hai, bahuta kAla taka bandI nahIM rakhanA cAhie, kyoMki bandI-jIvana se mana ko pIr3A hotI hai, ataH usase dhana lauTA dene ke uparAnta prAyazcitta karAnA caahie| 15. do loke dhRtavato rAjA brAhmaNazca bhushrutH| gau0 (831) / zatapathabrAhmaNa (5 / 4 / 4 / 5) meM AyA hai-'niSasAda dhRtavata iti Satavrato vai rAjA...eSa ca zrotriyazcatau ha vai dvau manuSyeSu dhRtvrtau|'

Page #57
1050 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa banA de|" isase prakaTa hotA hai ki rAjA prAyazcittoM ke sampAdana meM sahAyatA karatA thaa| nArada (prakIrNaka, zloka 3) ne prAyazcitta kI upekSA ko una viSayoM meM rakhA hai jo kevala rAjA para hI Azrita haiM, na ki vyaktigata rUpa se logoM dvArA upasthita kiye gaye abhiyogoM yA prativedanoM pr| devala kA kathana hai-"rAjA kRcchoM kA dAtA hai (arthAt vyavasthita prAyazcittoM ke vAstavika sampAdana meM usakI sammati Avazyaka hai), vidvAn dharmapAThaka (dharmazAstrajJa) prAyazcittoM ke vyavasthApaka haiM,pApI prAyazcitta-sampAdana karatA hai aura rAjakarmacArI prAyazcitta-sampAdana kI dekha-rekha karanevAlA hai|" parAzara (8128) kA kathana hai-"rAjA kI anumati le lene ke uparAnta pariSad ko ucita prAyazcitta kA nirdeza karanA cAhie, binA rAjA ko batalAye nirdeza svayaM nahIM karanA cAhie, kintu halakA prAyazcitta binA rAjA ko sUcita kiye bhI karAyA jA sakatA hai|" parA0 mA0 (2, bhAga 1, pR0 232) ne vyAkhyA kI hai ki aisI vyavasthA kevala govadha jaise pApoM yA usase bar3e pApoM ke lie hI hai| devala ke bhI aise hI vacana haiM (parA0 mA0 2, bhAga 1, pR. 232-233; prAya0 sA0, pR0 21) / parAzara (8 / 29) kA kathana hai ki rAjA ko bhI pariSad kI upekSA nahIM karanI cAhie aura na apanI ora se prAyazcitta-vyavasthA karanI caahie| paiThInasi (daNDaviveka, pR076) ne prAyazcitta evaM daNDa donoM kI vyavasthA dI hai aura zloka ke DhaMga yA gaThana se jhalakatA hai ki donoM rAjA dvArA AjJApita hote the|" isa prakAra madhyakAla kI sthiti kucha sImA taka spaSTa hai| daNDa evaM prAyazcitta ke sambandha meM evaM ina donoM ke lie rAjA kI sthiti ke viSaya meM prAcIna kAla meM jo kucha kahA gayA hai usake AdhAra para kucha nizcita rUpa se spaSTa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| Apa0 gha0 sU0 (1 / 9 / 2411-4) kA kathana hai ki kSatriya yA vaizya yA zudra kI hatyA karanevAle ko vaira miTAne ke lie krama se eka sahasra, eka zata evaM dasa gAyeM denI cAhie aura inameM se pratyeka duSkRtya ke prAyazcitta ke lie eka baila denA caahie| lekina ye gAyeM kisako dI jAyeMgI, isa viSaya meM koI spaSTa ukti nahIM hai| TIkAkAra haradatta ne likhA hai ki ye gAyeM brAhmaNoM ko dI jAnI caahie| manu (111127, 129, 130) evaM yAjJa0 (3 / 266-267) ne bhI prAyazcittoM ke adhyAya meM aisI vyavasthAeM dI haiN| kintu baudhA0 dha0 sU0 (1 / 10 / 23) ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki gAyeM rAjA ko dI jAnI caahie| sambhavataH Apastamba ke kahane kA bhI yahI tAtparya thaa| rAjA ina gAyoM ko mRta vyaktiyoM ke kula ko de detA thA, kintu yadi mRta ke kula ke sadasya asvIkAra karate the to vaha unheM apane pAsa na rakhakara brAhmaNoM meM bAMTa detA thaa| manu (9 // 243-245) kA kathana hai ki hatyAroM ke daNDa se prApta dhana rAjA ko nahIM lenA cAhie, pratyuta use varuNa ke lie jala meM chor3a denA cAhie yA vidvAn brAhmaNoM meM bA~Ta denA caahie| manu (9 / 226) kA kathana hai ki yadi cAra mahApAtakoM (brahmahatyA Adi) ke aparAdhI ucita prAyazcitta na kareM to rAjA ko unheM zArIrika daNDa (mastaka para dAga lagAne kA daNDa) denA cAhie aura zAstra ke anusAra artha-daNDa bhI denA caahie| manu (9 / 237 matsya0 227 / 164) evaM vasiSTha (5 / 4-7) kA kahanA hai ki vyabhicAra, surApAna, steya evaM brAhmaNa-hatyA ke lie krama se strI ke guptAMgoM, 16. kRcchANAM dAyako (dApako 51) rAjA nirdeSTA dhrmpaatthkH| aparAdhI prayoktA ca rakSitA kRcchpaalkH|| devala (madanapArijAta pR0 277); prAya0 sA0, 50 8 / rAjazcAnumate sthitvA prAyazcittaM vinirdizet / svayameva na kartavyaM kartavyA svlpnisskRtiH||praashr (8128) / isa para parAzaramAdhavIya kA vacana hai-"atra govadhasya prakRtatvAttamArabhyAdhikeSu rAjAnujayava vrataM nidizet / 17. akAryakAriNAmeSAM prAyazcittaM tu kalpayet / yathAzaktyanurUpaM ca daNDaM caiSAM prakalpayet / / paMThInasi (daNDaviveka, pR0 76) /

Page #58
aparAdhoM ke anusAra daNDa kA vicAra 1051 zauDika (kalavAra) ke dhvaja, kutte evaM mukhavihIna zuNDa (sUMDa) ke cihna dAga dene caahie| yadi kisI bhI jAti kA koI vyakti anajAna meM kiye gaye pApoM ke kAraNa mahApAtakI ho aura usane ucita prAyazcitta kara liyA ho to rAjA dvArA usake mastaka para dAga nahIM lagAnA cAhie, pratyuta bhArI artha-daNDa denA cAhie (manu 9 / 240) / manu (9 / 241-242) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki yadi anajAna meM kisI brAhmaNa ne mahApAtaka kara diyA ho to use madhyama prakAra kA daNDa milatA hai (yadi vaha sadAcArI ho), kintu yadi kisI brAhmaNa ne jAna-bUjhakara koI mahApApa kiyA ho to use usakI sampatti ke sAtha deza-niSkAsana kA daNDa denA cAhie ; kintu yadi kisI anya jAti ke vyakti ne anajAna meM mahApAtaka kiyA ho to usakI sampUrNa sampatti chIna lI jAnI cAhie aura jaba usane jAna-bUjhakara mahApApa kiyA ho to use matya-daNDa denA caahie| ina bAtoM se prakaTa hotA hai ki prAyazcitta kara lene para bhI mahApAtakI ko daNDita honA par3atA thA aura yadi usane prAyazcitta na kiyA ho to use cinha lagAne, artha-daNDa Adi ke daNDa bhugatane par3ate the| manu (11156) ke mata se kUTasAkSya (jhUThI gavAhI) surApAna ke samAna hai aura manu (11157) evaM yAjJa0 (31230) ke anusAra dharohara ko har3apa jAnA sone kI corI ke samAna hai| viSNu (5 / 169) ke mata se dharohara har3apa kara jAnevAle ko dhana lauTAnA par3atA hai yA byAja ke sAtha usakA mUlya denA par3atA hai aura sAtha hI sAtha use corI karane kA daNDa (rAjA dvArA) prApta hotA hai; jhUThA sAkSya denevAle kI sArI sampatti chIna lI jAtI hai (5 / 179) / ina udAharaNoM se vyakta hotA hai ki mahApAtakiyoM ko rAja-daNDa evaM pariSad-daNDa (vidvAn logoM kI pariSad dvArA vyavasthApita prAyazcitta) donoM bhugatane par3ate the| isa prakAra mahApAtaka rAjAparAdhoM meM bhI gine jAte the| kucha viSayoM meM prAyazcitta evaM daNDa barAbara hI the| udAharaNArtha, gau0 (23 / 10-11), vasiSTha (20 / 13), manu (11 / 104), yAjJa0 (3 / 259) Adi smRtikAroM ne vyabhicAra (mAtA, bahina, putravadhU Adi ke sAtha vyabhicAra) ke lie aNDakoza evaM liMga kATa liye jAne evaM dakSiNa yA dakSiNa-pazcima dizA meM taba taka calate jAne ke prAyazcitta kI vyavasthA dI hai jaba taka vyakti kA zarIra gira na pdd'e| nArada ne vyabhicAra ke lie aNDakoza kATa lene kI vyavasthA dI hai| mitA. (yAjJa0 2 / 233) ne nArada ko uddhRta kara kahA hai ki yAjJa0 dvArA aNDakoza evaM liMga kATa lene kI vyavasthA kevala abrAhmaNoM ke lie hai, aura aise viSayoM meM mRtyu-daNDa hI prAyazcitta hai| manu (11100) ne kahA hai ki brAhmaNa ke sone kI corI karanevAle brAhmaNa ko rAjA ke pAsa svaya hAtha meM lohe kI gadA lekara jAnA cAhie, jisase rAjA svayaM usakA sira kucala ddaale| aisA karanA prAyazcitta hI hai| ataH madanapArijAta (pR0 827) evaM mitAkSarA ke anusAra brAhmaNoM ke lie zarIra-daNDa kevala unhIM bAtoM meM (manu 8 / 380) varjita hai jo prAyazcitta karane se bhinna haiM, jaisA ki manu (11 / 100) ke uparyukta kathana se svataH siddha hai| kucha bAtoM meM rAja-daNDa hI paryApta samajhA jAtA thA aura prAyazcitta kI AvazyakatA nahIM mAnI jAtI thI (manu 8 / 318 vasiSTha 19 / 45) / Apa0 dha0 sU0 (2 / 10 / 27 / 15. 16) kA kathana hai ki narahatyA, steya evaM bhUmyAdAna (balapUrvaka bhUmi chIna lene) ke aparAdhI kI sampatti rAjA jAnI cAhie aura use mattha-daNDa milanA cAhie, kintu yadi vaha aparAdhI brAhmaNa ho to usakI A~kheM jIvana bhara ke lie bA~dha dI jAnI cAhie (arthAt use mRtyu-daNDa nahIM miltaa)| Apa0 dha0 sU0 (1 / 9 / 25 / 4) ke anusAra, lagatA hai, prAcIna kAla meM cora rAjA ke pAsa lohe yA khadira kASTha kI gadA lekara pahu~catA aparAdha kI ghoSaNA karatA thA, taba rAjA use usI gadA se mAra detA thA; isa prakAra marane se vaha pApa se mukta thaa| yaha prAyazcitta evaM vaidhAnika daNDa donoM thaa| isI prakAra mana (8314-315) ne bhI kahA hai-"cora ko koI musala yA gadA (khadira kI banI) yA dudhArI zakti (eka prakAra kI boM) yA lohadaNDa lekara rAjA ke pAsa jAnA cAhie aura yadi rAjA ke eka bAra mArane se vaha mRta ho jAya yA ardhamRta hokara jItA rahe to vaha corI ke aparAdha se mukta ho jAtA hai| aura dekhie mitAkSarA evaM zaMkha (yAjJa0 2 / 257) / yahI bAta manu (11|100-101-agni

Page #59
1052 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa 169/20, 21) ne corI ke prAyazcitta ke lie bhI kahI hai| brAhmaNa ke sone kI corI meM vasiSTha ( 20141), yAjJa0 ( 3 / 259), viSNu ( 52 1-2 ) evaM parAzara (12 / 69-70 ) ne bhI kucha aise hI prAyazcitta kI carcA kI hai / vasiSTha eka mahatvapUrNa parivartana kara diyA hai, yathA rAjA udumbara kASTha kA banA eka hathiyAra cora ko de detA hai, jisase cora svayaM apane ko mAra DAlatA hai ( sambhavataH yaha hathiyAra tAmra kA hogA, na ki lakar3I kA ) / lagatA hai, kAlAntara meM rAjA ne yaha bhaddI vidhi svayaM chor3a dii| nArada (pariziSTa, zloka 46-47) kA kathana hai ki jaba cora daur3atA huA rAjA ke pAsa AtA hai aura apanA aparAdha svIkAra kara letA hai to rAjA use ( gadA se pratIkAtmaka rUpa meM ) chU letA hai aura use chor3a detA hai, aura cora isa prakAra aparAdha svIkaraNa ke kAraNa mukta ho jAtA hai| yahA~ yaha smaraNIya hai ki cora ko corI kI huI vastu lauTA denI par3atI thI (manu 8|40; yaajny02|36 evaM 270; bRhaspati, prAyazcittaprakaraNa pR0 77) / yadi cora ke lie aisA sambhava nahIM thA to rAjA ko apanI ora se dhana denA par3atA thA, yA corI rokane ke lie niyukta kiye gaye rAjakarmacAriyoM ko apanI ora se utanA dhana denA par3atA thA ( Apa0 gha0 sU0 2 / 10 / 26 / 8 ) / aura dekhie isa grantha kA khaMDa 3, adhyAya 5 / Age calakara mRtyu daNDa dene kA kArya cANDAla karane lagA thA ( manu 10/56 evaM viSNu 16 / 11 - vadhyaghAtitvaM cANDAlAnAm ) / daNDa dete samaya yA prAyazcitta kI vyavasthA dete samaya yaha dekha lenA par3atA thA ki jisa viSaya para vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai vaha nizcita rUpa se vahI honA cAhie, yathA- doSa 'kAmata:' hai yA 'akAmataH' arthAt jJAna meM huA hai yA anajAna meM; yaha pahalI bAra huA hai yA kaI bAra kiyA gayA hai aura doSa karate samaya kAla, sthAna, jAti, avasthA (vaya), yogyatA, vidyA, dhana kI sthitiyA~ kyA thiiN| " dekhie kauTilya (4 / 10), gItama (12 / 48), manu ( 7 / 16 evaM 8 / 126), yAjJa0 ( 11368), viSNu 0 ( 5 / 194) evaM vasiSTha ( 1919 ) -- daNDoM ke lie; aura baughA0 gha0 sU0 (111116), yAjJa0 ( 3 / 293 = atri 248 = agni0 173 / 6), agirA (143), vizvAmitra, vRddha hArIta ( 9:297 ) evaM vyAghra --- prAyazcittoM ke lie| daNDa evaM prAyazcitta ke isI sambandha ke kAraNa prAyazcittatattva ne devala ko isa silasile meM uddhRta kara kahA hai ki yadi koI varSa mara prAyazcitta nahIM karatA hai to use dUnA prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai| aura rAjA ko dUnA 'artha- daNDa bhI denA par3atA hai; aura niyama to yaha hai ki daNDoM ke AdhAra para hI prAyazcittoM kI vyavasthA karanI par3atI hai / " prAyazcittamayUkha ( pR0 124 - 125 ) ne kAzyapa ko uddhRta kiyA hai jisake anusAra use prAyazcitta karanA par3atA jo kUpa, udyAna, pula, cahAradIvArI, mandira, mUrti Adi ko hAni pahu~cAtA hai| yahA~ viSNu 18. jJAtvAparAdhaM dezaM ca kAlaM balamathApi vA / vayaH karma ca vittaM ca daNDaM daNDyeSu pAtayet // yAjJa0 (1 / 368 ) ; anubandhaM parijJAya dezakAlau ca tattvataH / sArAparAdhau cAlokya daNDaM daNDyeSu pAtayet // manu ( 8 / 126) / 19. yathA smRtisAgare devalaH / kAlAtireke dviguNaM prAyazcittaM samAcaret / dviguNaM rAjadaNDaM ca vasvA zuddhimavApnuyAt // kAlAtireke saMvatsarAtireke / saMvatsarAbhizastasya duSTasya dviguNo bamaH -- iti manuyacana ( 81 373 ) saMvatsarAtparato dviguNadaNDadarzanena daNDavatprAyazcittAni bhavantIti nyAyena ekatra nirNItaH zAstrAryo bAdhakamantareNAnyatrApi tatheti nyAyAcca / prAya0 tattva pR0 474; aura dekhie isI nyAya ke lie yahI grantha pR0 530 / 'atha maNDapodyAnAvidevatAgArAdi - bhedane kAzyapaH / vApIkUpArAmasetulatAtaDAgayapradevatAyatanabhedane prAyazcittam / ... brAhmaNAnbhojayet / iti / etaccAlpopaghAte / mahadupaghAte'bhyAse prAjApatyAdi kalpanIyam / devatA cAtra munmayI pUjojjhitA ca grAhyA / prAyazcittasyAlpatvAdanyatra daNDagauravadarzanena prAyazcittagauravaM kalpyaM daNDavatprAyazvitAni bhavantIti vacanAt / tathAtra daNDagauravamAha kAtyAyanaH / viSNurapi manuH iti /

Page #60
prAyazcitta rAjadaNDa aura jAtidaNDa 1053 (5 / 169) ko bhI uddhRta kiyA gayA hai jisake anusAra mUrti maMjaka ke lie sabase adhika daNDa kI vyavasthA dI huI hai; yahIM manu (9 / 285) ko bhI uddhRta kiyA gayA hai, jisake mata se mUrti tor3anevAle ko 500 paNa daNDa denA par3atA hai aura mUrti ko punaH sthApita karanA par3atA hai| nArada ne sAhasa ko tIna bhAgoM meM bA~TA hai; prathama, madhyama evaM utama ( ugra ) / uttama prakAra meM ye Ate haiM--viSa yA hathiyAra se mAranA, vyabhicAra, balAtkAra evaM jIvana ko hAni phuNcaanaa| nArada, ne kahA hai ki prathama evaM madhyama sAhasa ke aparAdhiyoM ko rAjA se daNDita hone para logoM se milane kI chUTa mila jAtI hai, kintu uttama sAhasa ke aparAdhI rAjA dvArA daNDita hone para bhI bAtacIta karane ke yogya nahIM samajhe jAte (nArada, sAhasa, zloka 11 ) / pariSad dvArA vyavasthita prAyazcitta na karane para pApiyoM ko daNDa dene kA rAjA ko adhikAra thA, kintu vaha sabhI viSayoM meM aisA karatA thA ki nahIM isa viSaya meM kucha kahanA atyanta kaThina hai| samAja yA jAti ko eka astra prApta thA, yathA-- vyavasthita prAyazcitta na karane para mahApAtakI ko ghaTasphoTa dvArA jAticyuta kiyA jA sakatA thA / ise jAtidaNDa bhI kaha sakate haiN| dekhie ghaTasphoTa kI jAnakArI ke lie gautama (2012-9), manu ( 11 / 182 - 185 ), yAjJa0 (3 / 294) evaM isa grantha kA khaNDa 2 adhyAya 7 evaM khaNDa 3, adhyAya 27 / mahApAtakoM ke lie vyavasthita kucha prAyazcita bar3e bhayaMkara the, yathA--surApAna ke lie apane ko agni meM jhoMka denA, khaulatI huI surA, jala, gomUtra, dUdha yA ghI pInA (manu 11 / 73, 90-91, 103 Adi) / manu (11 / 73 ) evaM kucha nibandhoM ke mata se aise prAyazcitta pariSad dvArA AjJApita nahIM hone cAhie, pratyuta aparAdhI ko aisA jJAna hone para svayaM karane caahie|" prAyazcitta kara lene ke uparAnta logoM se saMsarga sthApita karane ke lie vyakti ko unheM bhoja denA cAhie aura miThAI bAMTanI caahie| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki aparAdhI ko tIna bhAra vahana karane par3ate the, yathA-rAjA dvArA daNDa, pariSad dvArA vyavasthita prAyazcitta evaM vidvAn brAhmaNoM ko bhoja tathA jAti bhAiyoM ko miThAI / dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 35 / prAyazcitta-sambandhI sAhitya bahuta vizAla hai, kyoMki prAcIna samaya meM prAyazcittoM kI jana sAdhAraNa meM bar3I mahattA thI / gautamadharmasUtra ke 28 adhyAyoM meM se dasa adhyAya prAyazcittoM para hI haiM / vasiSThadharmasUtra ke mudrita 30 adhyAyoM meM se 9 adhyAya (20-28) prAyazcitta sambandhI haiN| mana ke gyArahaveM adhyAya ke 44 se lekara 265 ( kula 222) zloka prAyazcittoM ke viSaya meM hI haiM / yAjJavalkyasmRti ke adhyAya 3 ke 1009 zlokoM meM 122 zloka ( 3 / 205-327) isI viSaya ke haiM / aMgirA ke 168 zloka, atri ke 1 se 8 taka ke adhyAya, devala ke 90 zloka, bRhadyama ke 182 zloka, zAtAtapasmRti ke 274 zloka kevala prAyazcitta-sambandhI haiN| bahuta-sI smRtiyA~ evaM katipaya purANa, yathAagni (adhyAya 168 - 174), garuDa (52), kUrma ( uttarArdha 30-34), varAha (131-136), brahmANDa ( upasaMhAra pAda, adhyAya 9), viSNudharmottara (2 / 73, 3 / 234-237) bahuta se zlokoM meM prAyazcittoM kA varNana karate haiN| TIkAoM meM mitAkSarA, aparArka, parAzaramAdhavIya Adi evaM nibandhoM meM madanapArijAta ( pR0 691-994) Adi ne vistAra ke sAtha prAyazcittoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| kucha viziSTa nibandha prAyazcittoM ko lekara likhe gaye haiM, yathA-hemAdri kA grantha (jisake viSaya meM abhI prAmANikatA nahIM sthApita kI jA sakI hai), prAyazcittaprakaraNa ( bhavadeva dvArA praNIta), 20. prANAntikaprAyazcittaM tu parSadA na deyam / tatsvayameva jJAtvA kuryAt / prAya0 sA0 ( pR0 41 ) ; etacca maraNAntikaM prAyazcittaM parSadA nAveSTavyamapi tu vyutpannazcetsvayameva jJAtvA kuryAt / avyutpannazcet prAyazcittasvarUpaM ziSTampo jJAtvA tavanujJAmantareNa svayameva kuryAt / mada0 pA0 ( pu0 5 / 7) /

Page #61
2054 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa prAyazcittaviveka, prAyazcittatasya, smRtimuktAphala ( prAyazcitta vAlA prakaraNa ), prAyazcittasAra (nRsiMhaprasAda kA bhAga), prAyazcittamayUkha, prAyazcittaprakAza, prAyazcittenduzekhara ( nAgojibhaTTa likhita ) / prAyazcittoM ke viSaya meM vistAra ke sAtha varNana nimna pustakoM meM milatA hai; prAyazcittaviveka, parAzaramAdhavIya (2, bhAga 1 evaM 2) evaM prAyazcittaprakAza / TIkAkAroM ne prAyazcitta ke adhikArI ke prazna para vicAra kiyA hai / manu (11 / 44) evaM yAjJa0 (3 / 219) ne krama se 'prAyazcittIyate naraH' evaM 'naraH patanamRcchati' uktiyoM meM 'nara' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, ataH TIkAkAroM evaM nibandhakAroM ne yaha ghoSita kiyA hai ki prAyazcittoM ke lie sabhI adhikArI haiM, yahA~ taka ki cANDAla, pratiloma vivAha se utpanna evaM sabhI jAtiyoM ke log| dekhie vizvarUpa (yAjJa0 3 / 210), mitAkSarA (yAjJa0 3 / 219), prAya 0 vi0 ( pR0 12) / yAjJa0 ( 3 / 262 ) kA kathana hai ki zUdra pApI bhI, jinheM vaidika mantroM ke uccAraNa kA adhikAra nahIM hai, japa evaM homa ke atirikta sabhI niyamoM kA pAlana karake zuddha ho sakate haiN| aura dekhie aMgirA (mitA0, yAjJa0 3 / 262, prAya0 ma0 pR0 12 evaM prA0 sAra pR0 173 ) / japa evaM homa ke viSaya meM bhI madanapArijAta (10 749) evaM vyavahAramayUkha ( pR0 112 ) ne parAzara (6 / 63-64 ) ke eka zloka ke AdhAra para yaha kahA hai ki sAdhAraNa agni ( laukika agni) meM kisI brAhmaNa dvArA striyoM evaM zUdroM ke lie japa evaM homa kiye jA sakate haiN| prAyazcita - viveka ne manu (10 / 62) evaM devala ke eka gadyAMza ke AdhAra para kahA hai ki cANDAla bhI apane niyamoM ke viruddha jAne para prAyazcitta kara sakate haiN| isake pUrva ki hama prAyazcittoM kA vivaraNa upasthita kareM, hamAre lie kucha praznoM para vicAra kara lenA Ava zyaka hai| bRhadyama (3 / 1-2 ), zaMkha Adi smRtiyoM kA mata hai ki pA~ca varSa se Upara evaM gyAraha varSa se nIce ke baccoM ke lie surApAna Adi pAtakoM ke aparAdha meM svayaM prAyazcitta karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai, unake sthAna para unake bhAI, pitA yA koI sambandhI yA suhRd ko prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai, aura pA~ca varSa se nIce kI avasthA ke baccoM ko na to pApa na prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai aura na una para koI vaidhAnika kArravAI hI hotI hai| kintu mitA0 ( yAjJa0 3 / 243) ne kucha aura hI kahA hai, usakA mata hai ki baccoM ko bhI pApa laga jAtA hai kintu halakA sA hii| yahI bAta bRhaspati ne bhI kahI hai ( prAya0 tattva, pR0 551 ) / lagatA hamane pahale hI dekha liyA hai ki prAyazcitta-prayoga kAla, sthAna, vaya Adi paristhitiyoM ke anusAra hI hotA hai / 80 varSa ke bUr3hoM, 16 varSa se nIce ke baccoM, striyoM evaM rogiyoM ko vyavasthita prAyazcittoM kA AdhA karanA par3atA hai / isa viSaya meM dekhie viSNudharmasUtra ( 54 33), laghu hArIta (33), devala (30), ApastambasmRti ( 33 ), bRhadyama (313), madanapArijAta ( pR0 796), mitA (yAjJa0 3 / 243 ) / mitA0 ( yAjJa0 3 / 243 ) ne sumantu kA uddharaNa dekara kahA hai ki puruSa ke lie 12 varSa se nIce evaM 80 varSa se Upara prAyazcitta AghA aura striyoM ke lie cauthAI hotA hai| viSNu kA mata hai ki striyoM, bUr3hoM evaM rogiyoM ke lie AdhA evaM upanayana ke pUrva baccoM ke lie cauthAI prAyazcitta mAnA jAtA hai| kucha logoM ne pA~ca varSa se nIce ke baccoM ke lie cauthAI prAyazcitta nirdhArita kiyA hai / cyavana ( gadya meM) ne baccoM, bUr3hoM evaM striyoM ke lie ise AdhA mAnA hai aura kahA hai ki 16 varSa taka vyakti bAlaka rahatA hai aura yahI bAta 70 varSa ke uparAnta bUr3hoM ke lie bhI hai, arthAt ve bhI bAlaka jaise samajhe jAte haiM / kAtyAyana (487) kA mata hai ki striyoM ko puruSoM kI apekSA AghA artha-daNDa lagatA hai, jahA~ puruSa ko mRtyu - daNDa milatA hai vahA~ striyoM kA aMga-viccheda (nAka, kAna Adi kATa lenA) hI paryApta hai| aMgirA (prAya0 vi0 pR0 22), vyAsa (prAya0 bi0 pR0 24) evaM agni0 ( 173 / 9 ) ke mata se jAna-bU

Page #62
prAyazcittoM kI vyavasthA aura pariSada kI mAnyatA 1055 kara ('kAmataH') kiye gaye pApoM ke lie anajAna meM ('akAmataH') kiye gaye pApoM kI apekSA dUnA prAyazcitta hotA hai| yAjJa0 (3 / 226) ne 'ajJAna' evaM 'jJAnapUrvaka' honevAle pApoM ke phaloM meM sambhavataH koI antara nahIM prakaTa kiyA hai| prAyazcittoM evaM vaidhAnika daNDoM meM pApI kI jAti para vicAra hotA thaa| dekhie isa viSaya meM isa grantha kA khaNDa 3, adhyAya 15, jahA~ vistAra se varNana hai| viSNu (prAya0 vi0, pR0 102; prAya0 praka0, pR0 16) ke mata se kSatriya, vaizya evaM zUdra ko krama se brAhmaNa pApI ke prAyazcitta kA 33 evaM lagatA hai| yahI bAta agni0 (168 / 13) meM bhI hai| aura dekhie parA0 mAdha0 (2, bhAga 1, pR.0 231) evaM mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 250) / bRhadyama (4 / 13. 14) ne gohatyA ke lie cAroM vargoM meM kama se 4, 3, 2 evaM 1 kA anupAta diyA hai| aMgirA (3) ne antyaja ke yahA~ bhojana karane para brAhmaNa ke lie kRccha evaM cAndrAyaNa prAyazcittoM kI vyavasthA dI hai, kintu isI ke lie kSatriya evaM vaizya ko kevala Adhe kI vyavasthA dI hai| mitAkSarA (yAjJa0 21250) ne kahA hai ki hatyA karane para brAhmaNa ko jo prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai usakA dUnA kSatriya ko tathA tigunA vaizya ko karanA par3atA hai| smRticandrikA, madanaratna (vyavahAra) evaM sarasvatIvilAsa ke matoM se prakaTa hotA hai ki Arambhika kAla ke prAyazcitta-sambandhI jAti-antara bArahavIM zatAbdI ke uparAnta samApta ho gye| isa viSaya meM dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 3, adhyAya 23 / Age cala kara kaThina prAyazcittoM kI paramparAe~ samApta-sI hotI calI gayIM aura unake sthAna para godAna evaM arthadaNDa kI vyavasthA bar3hatI calI gyii| dekhie prAyazcittaprakaraNa (pR0 22), jahA~ yaha likhita hai ki usake kAla meM kSatriya, vaizya yA zUdra kI hatyA ke lie kiye jAnevAle prAyazcitta apracalita ho gaye the| deza ke niyamoM ke anusAra bhI prAyazcittoM meM bheda thaa| hama jAnate haiM ki kucha bhAgoM meM, yathA-dakSiNa kI kucha jAtiyoM meM mAtula-kanyA (mamerI bahina) se vivAha hotA hai, kyoMki vahA~ aisI rIti yA AcAra hI hai, kintu manu (111171-172), baudhA0 gha0 sU0 (1 / 1 / 17-24) evaM anya smRtiyoM ne isa prathA ko nindya evaM ghRNita mAnA hai| bRhaspati ne dakSiNiyoM meM isake lie prAyazcitta kI vyavasthA athavA rAjA dvArA daNDa diye jAne kI bAta nahIM uThAyI hai| dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 9 / prAyazcittoM kI kaThoratA evaM avadhi vyakti ke prathama bAra aparAdha karane yA kaI bAra duharAne para bhI nirbhara thii| Apa040 suu012|10|27|11-13) ke mata se usa brAhmaNa ko jo apanI jAti kI kisI vivAhita nArI se cAra karatA hai, use zUdra ke prAyazcitta kA AdhA karanA par3atA hai, jo tIna ucca vargoM kI strI se saMbhoga karane ke aparAdha ke kAraNa karatA hai| isa pApa ke daharAne para cauthAI aura bar3ha jAtA hai, kintu cauthI bAra harAne se pUrI avadhi (arthAta 12 varSoM taka prAyazcitta karanA paDatA hai| mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 293) ne kahA hai ki jJAna meM kiye gaye pApa ke lie ajJAna meM kiye gaye pApa kI apekSA inheM dUnA prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai, kintu vahI pApa duharAne para ajJAna meM kiye gaye pApa ke prAyazcitta kA caugunA prAyazcitta aura karanA par3atA hai| AzramoM ke anusAra bhI prAyazcitta kI gurutA yA halakepana meM antara thaa| gahasthoM kI apekSA anya Azrama vAloM ko usI anapAta se adhika prAyazcitta karanA par3atA thaa| manu (5 / 137), vasiSTha (6 / 19), viSNu (60 / 26) evaM zaMkha (16 / 23-24) ke mata se gRhasthoM kI apekSA brahmacAriyoM, vAnaprasthoM evaM saMnyAsiyoM ko krama se danA, tiganA evaM cauganA prAyazcitta karanA par3atA thA aura tabhI ve zuddha mAne jAte the (dekhie manu 5 / 136, viSNu0 60 / 25) / hArIta, vyAsa evaM yama (prAya0 vi0pa0 86) ke mata se yadi koI prAyazcitta karane kI avadhi ke bIca meM hI (kabhI-kabhI kucha prAyazcitta 12 varSa yA isase bhI adhika samaya taka calate the) mara jAya to vaha pApa se mukta ho jAtA hai, isa pApa se donoM lokoM (iha loka evaM paraloka) meM chuTakArA mila jAtA hai| yaha eka dayA sambandhI chUTa hai tathA sacamuca suvidhAjanaka bhI hai|

Page #63
1056 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa yadyapi vibhinna pAtakoM ke prAyazcittoM kI vyavasthA smRtiyoM ne savistara dI hai taba bhI yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki unameM sabhI pAtakoM evaM duSkRtyoM kA samAveza ho gayA hai| ataH gautama (19 / 18-20) ne pratipAdita kiyA hai ki jaba kisI prAyazcitta kI vyavasthA na kI gayI ho to mantra-pATha, tapa, upavAsa, homa, dAna Adi vikalpa se kara lene cAhie aura mahApAtakoM ke lie kaThora tathA halake pApoM ke lie apekSAkRta halake prAyazcittoM kI vyavasthA ho jAnI cAhie; kRccha, atikRccha evaM cAndrAyaNa vrata aise prAyazcitta haiM jo sabhI pApoM meM lAgU hote haiN| manu (11209 viSNu0 54134) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki jahA~ prAyazcitta pratipAdita na hue hoM, pariSad ko cAhie ki vaha pAtakI ke aparAdha kI gurutA evaM svabhAva ko dekhakara tadanakala vyavasthA kara de| parAzara (11155-56) kA kathana hai ki gAyatrI kA dasa hajAra bAra japa sabhI pApoM ke lie sabase acchA prAyazcitta hai, cAndrAyaNa, yAvaka, tulApuruSa evaM godAna sabhI pApoM ko naSTa kara dete haiN| yAjJa0 (33265) ke mata se gohatyA para cAndrAyaNa, eka mAsa taka dugdha-vrata yA parAka karane se zuddhi prApta ho jAtI hai| manu (11117) ne bhI sabhI upapAtakoM ke prAyazcittoM ke lie isI vyavasthA yA cAndrAyaNa kA ullekha kiyA hai| kevala vaidika brahmacArI ke vrata-bhaMga para anya prAyazcitta batalAyA hai| pApI ko, cAhe vaha svayaM vidvAn kyoM na ho, pariSad ke pAsa jAnA cAhie, aura koI vastu bheTa dene ke uparAnta (gau Adi dekara) apane pApa kA udghoSa kara usake prAyazcitta ke viSaya meM sammati lenI cAhie (yAjJa0 31300 evaM parAzara 812) / mitAkSarA, parAzaramAdhavIya, prAyazcittasAra evaM anya nibandhoM ne aMgirA ke katipaya zloka uddhRta kiye haiM, jo nimna bAta kahate haiM--pApI ko apanA 'pApa nahIM chipAnA cAhie aura na samaya khonA cAhie; use vastra ke sAtha hI snAna karake gIle vastra se pariSad ke pAsa jAkara pRthivI para daNDavat par3a jAnA caahie| pariSad ke sadasya usase pUchate haiM--'kyA kAma hai ? kyA kaSTa hai ? tuma hama logoM se kyA cAhate ho?' taba sadasya usase thor3A haTa jAne ko kahakara Apasa meM parAmarza karake evaM kAla, sthAna, pApa-kRtya, vaya Adi para vicAra karake prAyazcitta kI vyavasthA dete haiN| isa vyavasthA ko eka sadasya smRti-vacana uccArita karake pariSad kI AjJA se udghoSita karatA hai| hamane pahale hI dekha liyA hai ki pariSad yaha kArya rAjyAnuzAsana ke antargata hI karatI hai aura rAjA usake nirNaya para koI niyantraNa nahIM rkhtaa| prAyazcitta ke pramukha cAra stara ye haiM-(1) pariSad ke pAsa jAnA, (2) pariSad dvArA ucita prAyazcitta kA udghoSa, (3) prAyazcitta kA sampAdana tathA (4) pApo ke pApa kI mukti kA prakAzana (aMgirA, prAyazcittaprakAza---upasthAnaM vratAdezazcaryA zuddhiprakAzanam / prAyazcittaM catuSpAdaM vihitaM dhrmkrtRbhiH||)| yahA~ para pariSad ke nirmANa, ziSToM ke zIla guNoM evaM unake kartavyoM tathA adhikAroM kI savistara vyAkhyA apekSita nahIM hai, kyoMki isa viSaya meM hamane isa grantha ke khaNDa 2, adhyAya 28 meM par3ha liyA hai| vahA~ jo bAteM nahIM dI huI haiM, hama unakA varNana karate haiN| isa viSaya meM yaha jJAtavya hai ki usa zUdra ko, jo vidvAn hai, Atma-nigrahI aura zAstrajJAna meM bhakti rakhanevAlA hai, koI nahIM pUchatA thA, pratyuta usa dvija ko, jo bhale hI duzcaritra ho, parAmarza dene kI chUTa prApta thii| zUdra ko usa yajJiya bhojana ke samAna tyAjya samajhA jAtA thA jise kuttoM ne chU liyA ho| 'pariSad' zabda ke sthAna para 'parSad' kA vyavahAra smRtiyoM ne kiyA hai| parAzara (4155-57) ke mata se pariSad ko baccoM, durbaloM evaM bUr3hoM ke lie chUTa dene kI anumati thI, yadi pariSad ke ziSTa loga sneha, lobha, bhaya yA ajJAnavaza kisI ko chUTa dete the to ulaTA pApa unhIM ko lagatA thaa| devala ne yahI bAta kahI hai| jahA~ taka sambhava ho sarvasammati se niSkarSa yA nirNaya diyA jAtA thaa| yadi ziSTa ucita prAyazcitta jAnate hae ucita nirNaya nahIM dete the to pApI ke prAyazcitta ke uparAnta bacA haA pApa unheM bhoganA par3atA thaa|

Page #64
adhyAya 4 viziSTa pApoM ke viziSTa prAyazcitta aba hama mahApAtakoM, upapAtakoM evaM anya prakAra ke duSkRtyoM ke vibhinna prakAroM ke lie vyavasthita prAyazcittoM kA vivecana upasthita kreNge| smRtiyoM meM eka hI prakAra ke pApa ke lie kaI prakAra ke prAyazcittoM kI vyavasthA hai, ataH sabhI matoM kA samAdhAna karanA duSkara hai| TIkAe~ evaM mitAkSarA tathA prAyazcittaviveka jaise nibaMdha viziSTa prAyazcittoM kI vyavasthA anya paristhitiyoM kI jA~ca karake dete haiM, arthAt ve 'viSayavyavasthA' para dhyAna dete haiN| hama isa grantha meM na to sabhI duSkRtyoM kA varNana kara sakeMge aura na sabhI prAyazcittoM kI vyAkhyA hI kara skeNge| zabdakalpadruma (bhAga 3) meM prAyazcittaviveka se upasthApita jo vyAkhyA hai, kevala usI meM katipaya pApa-kRtyoM, unake lie prAyazcittoM, pratinidhi rUpa meM dI jAnevAlI gauoM evaM dhana tathA inake sthAna para dakSiNA Adi ke viSaya meM 321 se 364 pRSThoM taka varNana hai| Aja ye prAyazcitta prayoga meM nahIM lAye jAte, kevala godAna, dakSiNA, japa Adi kA pracalana mAtra raha gayA hai| hama kevala viziSTa prAyazcittoM kA hI varNana upasthita kara sakeMge aura Age ke adhyAya meM sabhI prAyazcittoM kI saMkSipta vyAkhyA deNge| mahApAtakoM ke lie prAyazcitta-zaMkha (17 / 1-3) ne cAra mahApAtakoM ke lie nimna prAyazcitta nirdhArita kiye haiM--mahApAtakI ko dina meM tIna bAra snAna karanA cAhie; vana meM parNakuTI (ghAsa-phUsa pattiyoM Adi se jhopar3I) banA lenI cAhie; pRthivI para sonA cAhie; parNa (pattI), mUla, phala para hI rahanA cAhie; grAma meM bhikSATana ke lie praveza karate samaya mahApAtaka kI ghoSaNA karanI cAhie; dina meM kevala eka hI bAra khAnA caahie| prakAra 12 varSa vyatIta ho jAte haiM to sone kA cora, surApAna karane vAlA, brahmahatyArA evaM vyabhicArI (mAtA, bahina, putravadhU, gurupatnI Adi se vyabhicAra karane vAlA) mahApApa se mukta ho jAtA hai| viSNu0 (34 / 1) ne mAtA, putrI, putravadhU ke sAtha saMbhoga karane ko atipApa kahA hai aura usake lie (34 / 2) agnipraveza se bar3hakara koI anya prAyazcitta nahIM ThaharAyA hai| yahI bAta bhaviSya0, hArIta evaM saMvarta (prAya0 vi0 pR0 43) ne bhI kahI hai| kintu manu (11 / 58), yAjJa0 (3 / 227) Adi kucha smRtiyoM ne mAtRgamana ko mahApAtaka (gurutalpagamana) evaM putrI tathA putra-vadhU ke sAtha gamana ko guru-zayyA apavitra karane ke samAna mAnA hai (manu 11 / 58 evaM yAjJa0 3 / 233-234) / 1. evamAdInyanyAnikarSApakarSapratipAdakavacanAni brAhmaNAdijAtatva-vRttasthAvRttasthatva-vedAgnyAdiyuktatvAyuktatva-kAmAkAmakRtatva-vyavasthayA vyAkhyeyAni / prAya0 vi0 (pR0 220) / 2. nityaM triSavaNasnAyI kRtvA parNakuTI vne| adhaHzAyI jaTAdhArI prnnmuulphlaashnH||praamN vizecca bhikSArtha svakarma parikIrtaman / ekakAlaM samaznIyAvarSe tu dvAdaze gate // hemasteyI surApazca brahmahA gurutalpagaH / vratenatena zudhyante mahApAsakinastyime // zaMkha (17.1-3); aparArka (pR0 10-53-54); parA0 mA0 (2, bhAga 1, pR0 320-321 evaM prAya0 prakAdvArA uddhRt)|

Page #65
1058 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa * mahApAtakoM meM prathama sthAna brahmahatyA ko diyA gayA hai| gau0 (222-10), Apa0 50 sU0 (1 / 9 / 24 / 10-25 evaM 1 / 9 / 25 / 12-13), vasiSTha (20 / 25-28), viSNu0 (35 / 6 evaM 50 / 1-6 evaM 15), manu (1172-82), yAjJa0 (3 / 243-250), agni. (169 / 1-4 evaM 173 / 7-8), saMvarta (110-115) Adi ne vibhinna prAyazcittoM kI vyavasthA dI hai| manu ne bahuta-sI bAteM kahIM haiN| bhaviSya (kullUka, manu 11172-82; aparArka pR0 1055 evaM prAya0 vi0 pR0 63) ne brahmahatyA ke viSaya meM manu dvArA sthApita 13 vibhinna prAyazcitta ginAye haiN| sAmAnyataH niyama yaha ki brahmahatyAroM ko mRtyu-daNDa mila jAnA caahie| prAyazcittaviveka kI apanI TIkA tattvArthakaumudI' meM govindAnanda ne 13 prAyazcittoM kA varNana nimna prakAra se kiyA hai| (1) brahmaghAtaka ko vana meM parNakuTI banAkara 12 varSoM taka rahanA cAhie; use bhikSA para jInA cAhie aura eka daNDa para mRta vyakti kI mastaka-asthi kA eka Tukar3A sadaiva rakhakara calanA caahie| yaha eka ati prAcIna ta hai| anya smatiyoM ne kucha aura bAteM bhI jor3a dI haiM, yathA-gautama (2214) ke mata se pApI ko vaidika rI ke niyamoM (mAMsa, madhu Adi kA prayoga na karanA) kA pAlana karanA caahie| use grAma meM kevala bhikSA ke lie jAnA cAhie aura apane pApa kA udghoSa karanA caahie| yAjJa0 (2 / 243) ke mata se use bAyeM hAtha meM mastaka kI haDDI kA eka Tukar3A aura dAhine hAtha kI char3I meM eka anya Takar3A rakhanA cAhie tathA dina meM kevala eka bAra bhojana karanA caahie| haDDI ke Tukar3e kA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki vaha usameM bhikSA mA~gegA, kintu isa viSaya meM kaI mata haiN| Apa0 gha0 sU0 (119 / 24 / 14) ke mata se use eka TUTe lAla (miTTI yA tA~be ke) pAtra meM kevala sAta gharoM se hI bhikSA mAMganI cAhie aura yadi una sAta gharoM se bhojana na mile to usa dina use bhUkhA rahanA caahie| use ghuTanoM ke Upara eka kachanI mAtra pahananI cAhie; use gAya-pAlana karanA cAhie aura usI ke lie (gAyoM ko carAne ke lie le jAne aura punaH lauTAne ke lie) grAma meM praveza karanA caahie| mitAkSarA (yAjJa0 3 / 243) ne jor3A hai ki char3I meM sayA bAyeM hAtha meM mRta vyakti kI haDDI rakhane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki vaha sadaiva apane duSkarma kA smaraNa karatA rahe tathA anyoM ko apane pApa kA smaraNa dilAtA rahe; use kisI Arya ko dekhakara mArga chor3a denA cAhie (gau0 22 / 6); use dina meM khar3A rahanA cAhie aura rAtri meM baiThanA cAhie evaM dina meM tIna bAra snAna (gau0 2216) karanA caahie| mitA. ne yaha bhI kahA hai ki yadi mRta brAhmaNa ke mastaka kI haDDI na mile to kisI anya mRta brAhmaNa ke mastaka kI haDDI le lenI caahie| mitAkSarA ne yaha bhI kahA hai ki gautama, manu evaM yAjJa0 ke anusAra yaha vrata 12 varSoM taka calatA rahanA cAhie (yAjJa0 3 / 243) / mitAkSarA evaM kullUka (manu 11172) kA kathana hai ki yadi brahmahatyA anajAna meM huI ho to yaha vrata 12 varSoM taka calanA cAhie, kintu jAna-bUjhakara kI gayI brahmahatyA ke lie avadhi dUnI arthAt 24 varSoM kI hotI hai| mitAkSarA (yAjJa0 2 / 243) ke mata se kevala ghAtaka ko 12 varSoM taka yaha vrata karanA cAhie, anugrAhaka ko 9 varSoM, prayojaka ko 6 varSoM, anumantA ko 43 varSoM tathA nimittI ko kevala 3 varSoM taka vrata karanA caahie| mitAkSarA (yAjJa0 2 / 243) ne manu evaM devala kA havAlA dekara kahA hai ki yadi kaI brahmahatyAe~ kI jAyeM aura prAyazcitta eka hI bAra ho to do hatyAoM ke lie 24 varSoM, tIna hatyAoM ke lie 36 varSoM kA vrata honA cAhie tathA cAra hatyAoM ke lie kevala mRtyudaNDa hI prAyazcitta hai| prAyazcittatattva (pR0 468) ke mata se, jaisA ki bhavidhyapurANa meM bhI AyA hai, kaI hatyAoM ke lie 12 varSoM kI avadhi hI paryApta hai (yaha mata 'kSAmavatI iSTi' ke AdhAra para hai, arthAt jaba durghaTanAvaza Ahuti dene ke pUrva hI puroDAza evaM ghara bhasma ho jAya to isa iSTi se mArjana kara diyA jAtA hai (jaimini 6 / 4 / 17-20) / yahI bAta prAyazcittaprakAza ne bhI kahI hai| yadi brahmaghAtaka kSatriya yA vaizya yA zUdra ho to use krama se 24, 36 evaM 48 varSoM taka prAyazcitta karanA par3atA thA (smRtyarthasAra pR0 105) / vana meM parNakuTI banAkara rahane ke sthAna para vaha grAma ke anta bhAga meM yA gozAlA meM raha sakatA hai, vaha apanA sira evaM

Page #66
brahmahatyA ke prAyazcitta 1059 mUMche muMDA sakatA hai, yA vaha kisI Azrama meM yA per3a ke tane ke nIce raha sakatA hai| isa prakAra rahate hue use brAhmaNoM evaM gAyoM kI sevA karanI cAhie tathA brahmacarya-vrata kA pAlana karanA cAhie (manu 11178 evaM 81) / bAraha varSoM ke uparAMta vaha brahmahatyA ke mahApAtaka se mukta ho jAtA hai| (2) Apa0 dha0 sU0 (1 / 9 / 25 / 12), gautama (22 / 3), manu (11 / 72) evaM yAjJa0 (3 / 248) ke mata se yadi brahmaghAtaka kSatriya ho aura usane jAna-bUjhakara hatyA kI ho to vaha cAhe to yuddha karane calA jAya, usake sAtha yuddha karanevAle loga use brahmaghAtaka samajhakara mAra sakate haiN| yadi hatyArA mara jAya yA ghAyala hokara saMjJAzUnya ho jAya aura anta meM baca bhI jAya to vaha mahApAtaka se mukta ho jAtA hai| (3) Apa0 dha0 0 (1 / 9 / 25 / 13), vasiSTha (20125-26), gautama (22 / 8), manu (11674) evaM yAjJa 0 (3 / 247) kA kathana hai ki hatyArA kisI kulhAr3I se apane bAla, carma, rakta, mAMsa, mAMsapeziyAM, vasA, asthiyAM evaM majjA kATa-kATakara sAdhAraNa agni meM (use mRtyu-devatA samajhakara) AhutiyoM ke rUpa meM de de aura anta meM apane ko agni meM (mana 1673 ke anusAra sira nIcA karake tIna bAra) jhoMka de| madanapArijAta evaM bhaviSya. (prAya0 prakAza dvArA uddhRta) ke mata se yaha prAyazcitta kSatriya dvArA kI gayI brahmahatyA ke lie vyavasthita hai| (4-8) brahmaghAtaka azvamegha yA gosava yA abhijit yA vizvajit yA tIna prakAra vAlA agniSTut (manu 11174) yajJa kara sakatA hai / azvamedha kevala rAjA yA samrAT kara sakatA hai| anya yajJa tIna ucca varNoM kA koI ghAtaka kara sakatA hai| ye yajJa kevala usake lie haiM jo anajAna meM hI brahmahatyA karatA hai (kullUka, manu 11174) / viSNu0 (adhyAya 35, antima zloka) ke mata se kisI bhI mahApAtaka kA aparAdhI azvamedha yA pRthivI ke sabhI tIrthasthAnoM kI yAtrA karake zuddha ho sakatA hai| (9) manu (1175) ke anusAra brahmahatyA ke mahApAtaka se chuTakArA pAne ke lie vyakti sImita bhojana karate hue AtmanigrahapUrvaka cAroM meM kisI eka veda ke pATha ke sAtha 1000 yojanoM kI paidala yAtrA kara sakatA hai| kullUka (manu 1175) kA kathana hai ki yaha prAyazcitta kevala usake lie hai jisane kisI sAdhAraNa brAhmaNa (jo vedajJa yA vidvAn Adi na ho) kI hatyA anajAna meM kI hai| (10) manu (11176) ke mata se brahmaghAtaka kisI vedajJa ko apanI sArI sampatti dAna meM dekara chuTakArA pA sakatA hai| (11) mana (11176) evaM yAjJa0 (31250) kA kathana hai ki ghAtaka kisI sadAcArI evaM vedajJa brAhmaNa ko utanI sampatti dAna de sakatA hai jisase vaha brAhmaNa jIvana bhara eka susajjita ghara meM rahakara jIvikA calA ske| aisA govindAnanda kA mata hai| kintu mitA0 (yAjJa0 3250) kA kathana hai ki uparyukta (10) saMkhyaka evaM yaha pRthak-pRthak prAyazcitta nahIM haiM, pratyuta donoM eka sAtha jur3e hue haiM, arthAt yadi hatyArA santAnahIna ho to vaha apanI sampUrNa sampatti dAna kara sakatA hai, kintu yadi vaha saMtAnayukta ho to kevala eka susajjita ghara de sakatA hai| yaha zyAsyA acchI hai| aura dekhie smRtyarthasAra (pR0 105) / (12) manu (11177) evaM yAjJa0 (3 / 249) ke mata se ghAtaka nIvAra, dUdha yA ghRta para jIvana-yApana karatA huA sarasvatI nadI kI zAkhAoM kI yAtrA kara sakatA hai| bhaviSya0 evaM kullUka ke mata se yaha vrata usa vyakti ke lie hai jisane kisI sAdhAraNa brAhmaNa (jisane vidyA arjana na kiyA ho) kI hatyA jAna-bUjhakara kI ho aura jo svayaM dhanavAn ho kintu vedajJa na ho| aparArka, sarvajanArAyaNa evaM rAghavAnanda ne vyAkhyA kI hai ki ghAtaka ko samudra se Upara sarasvatI ke mUla srota kI ora jAnA caahie| (13) manu (11177) evaM yAza0 (3 / 249) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki usako vana meM sImita bhojana karate hue veda kI saMhitA kA tIna bAra pATha karanA caahie| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki vaha kevala saMhitA kA pATha kara sakatA hai, padapATha yA kramapATha nahIM kara sktaa| bhaviSya evaM kUllaka ke mata se yaha prAyazcitta kevala usake lie hai jisane kevala janma se brAhmaNa (jo vedajJa na ho) kahalAne vAle kI hatyA anajAna meM kI ho|

Page #67
1060 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa manu (11179), yAjJa0 (3 / 244 evaM 246), vasiSTha (20 / 27-28) evaM gautama (2217-8 evaM 11) ne tIna anya prAyazcittoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| kiMtu ve, jaisA ki zaMkha ne kahA hai, svatantra rUpa se pRthak prAyazcitta nahIM haiN| yadi koI ghAtaka 12 varSoM kA prAyazcitta karate hue brAhmaNa para AkramaNa karane vAloM se yuddha karatA hai aura use bacA letA hai (yA basiSTha ke mata se rAjA ke lie yuddha karatA hai) yA aisA karane meM mara jAtA hai to vaha tatkSaNa pApamukta ho jAtA hai aura yadi vaha yuddhoparAnta jIvita rahatA hai to use pUrI avadhi taka prAyazcitta nahIM karanA pdd'taa| yahI bAta apane prANoM ko bhayAvaha sthiti meM DAlakara 12 gAyoM ke bacAne meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai| isI prakAra yadi ghAtaka kisI brAhmaNa ke dhana ko chInane vAle DAkU se yuddha karatA hai aura dhana bacA letA hai yA isa prayAsa meM mara jAtA hai yA burI taraha ghAyala ho jAtA hai (yAjJa0, vasiSTha evaM gautama ke mata se tIna vAra) to vaha brahmahatyA ke mahApAtaka se mukta ho jAtA hai| manu (11382), yAjJa0 (3 / 244), zaMkha evaM gautama (22 / 9) kA kathana hai ki azvamegha ke uparAnta snAna-kRtya (avabhRtha) ke lie upasthita rAjA evaM purohitoM ke samakSa yadi koI brahmaghAtaka aparAdha udghoSita karatA hai aura unakI anumati para snAna karane meM sammilita ho jAtA hai to vaha pApa-mukta ho jAtA hai| haradatta ke mata se yaha eka pRthak prAyazcitta hai, kintu mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 244) evaM aparAkaM (pR0 1057) ke mata se aisA nahIM hai, pratyuta 12 varSoM ke prAyazcitta kI avadhi meM aisA ho sakatA hai| yAjJa0 (3 / 245) kA kahanA hai ki yadi ghAtaka bahata dinoM se rugNa evaM yoM hI mArga meM par3e hue kisI brAhmaNa yA gAya kI davA karatA hai aura acchA kara detA hai to vaha brahmahatyA ke pApa se makta ho jAtA hai| parAzara (12 / 65-67) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki brahmahatyA ke prAyazcitta ke lie vyakti ko samudra evaM rAmasetu ko jAnA cAhie aura aisA karate hue use apane pApa kA udghoSa karate hue bhikSA mAMganI cAhie, chAtA evaM jUtA kA prayoga nahIM karanA cAhie, paidala calanA cAhie, gozAlA, jaMgaloM, tIrthoM meM evaM nadI-nAloM ke pAsa ThaharanA caahie| setu para pahuMcane para samudra meM snAna karanA cAhie aura lauTane para brahma-bhoja dekara vidvAn brAhmaNoM ko 100 gaue~ dAna meM denI caahie| jamadagni, atri, kazyapa Adi ne (aparArka, pR0 1064-1065) brahmahatyA ke lie kaI prAyazcittoM kI vyavasthA dI hai, jinheM hama yahA~ sthAnAbhAva se nahIM de rahe haiN| prAyazcittaprakaraNa (pa013),prAyazcittaviveka (pa070-71), smatimaktAphala (prAyazcitta,pa0873), dakSa (3 / 27-28 evaM Apa0 dha0 sU0 1 / 9 / 24 ko uddhRta karake) ne kahA hai ki yadi koI brAhmaNa apane pitA, mAtA, sahodara bhAI, veda-guru, vedajJa brAhmaNa yA agnihotrI brAhmaNa kI hatyA karatA hai to use antima zvAsa taka prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai| somayajJa meM lipta purohita kI hatyA para dUnA prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai| prAyazcittaprakaraNa (pR0 13) kA kathana hai ki isa viSaya meM hatyAre ko 12 varSoM ke prAyazcitta ke uparAnta utanI gaue~ dAna meM denI par3atI haiM jitane varSa usakI avasthA se lekara 120 varSoM (jIvana kI adhikatama avadhi) ke bIca meM baca rahate haiN| yadi koI kisI brAhmaNa ko mAra DAlane kI icchA se ghAyala kara detA hai to use brahmahatyA ke samAna prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai (yAjJa0 3 / 252, gau0 22 / 11) / mitA0 ne vyAkhyA kI hai ki yaha niyama kA atideza (vistAra) mAtra hai aura prAyazcitta kevala 9 varSoM kA hotA hai| jo mahApAtaka brahmahatyA yA surApAna ke samAna kahe gaye haiM unake prAyazcitta kevala unake lie vyavasthita prAyazcittoM se Adhe hote haiN| jo vyakti AtmahatyA kI icchA kara jala yA agni ke praveza se, yA laTakakara mara jAne se, viSa se, yA prapAta se girakara, yA upavAsa se, maMdira ke kaMgUre se girakara yA peTa meM churA bhoMka lene se baca jAtA hai use tIna varSoM kA prAyazcita karanA par3atA hai (prAya0 praka0, pR0 15) / vasiSTha

Page #68
surApAna kA prAyazcita 1061 ( 23 / 18-19 ) evaM parAzara (12 / 5-8) ne ina logoM ke lie ( jo pratyavasita kahe gaye haiM) anya prAyazcittoM kI vyavasthA dI hai| prAyazcittaprakaraNa ( pR0 15) evaM prAyazcittaviveka ( pR0 75 ) ne yama ko uddhRta kara pratyaya sitoM ke nau prakAra kiye haiM aura unake lie cAndrAyaNa yA taptakRcchra kI vyavasthA dI hai| yadi koI kSatriya, vaizya yA zUdra jAna bUjhakara svayaM kisI brAhmaNa ko mAra DAle to usake lie mRtyu hI prAyazcita hai, kintu ajJAna meM huI brahmahatyA ke lie, usI pApa meM brAhmaNa ko jo prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai usakA unake lie krama se dUnA, tigunA yA caugunA prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai| yadi koI brAhmaNa kisI kSatriya, vaizya yA zUdra ko mAra DAlatA hai to kevala upapAtaka lagatA hai, kintu yadi kSatriya yA vaizya somayajJa meM lage hoM aura unheM koI brAhmaNa mAra DAle to pApa bar3A hotA hai aura prAyazcitta bhI mArI hotA hai (sAmavidhAnabrAhmaNa 1 / 7 / 5, yAjJa0 3 / 251, vasiSTha 20134) / yAjJa0 ( 3 / 266-267), manu ( 11 / 126- 130 ) evaM Apa0 dha0 sU0 ( 1 / 9 / 24 / 1-4) ke mata se kSatriya, vaizya yA zUdra ko mArane vAle ke lie anya prAyazcitta bhI haiN| kSatriya ke kSatriya-hatyAre ko kSatriya ke brAhmaNahatyAre se kucha kama ( arthAt mAga kama ) prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai| mRta 'striyoM ko kSatriya, vaizya evaM zUdra puruSoM ke samAna hI mAnA jAtA thA (yAjJa0 3 / 236 evaM manu 11 / 66 ), kintu AtreyI yA garbhavatI strI ke viSaya meM aisI bAta nahIM thI ( gau0 22 / 17; Apa0 gha0 sU0 1 / 9 / 24 / 5 evaM 9; baghA. gha0 sU0 2 1 10, 12-13; vasiSTha 20134; viSNu0 5017-9), unake hatyAre ko bhArI prAyazcitta karanA par3atA thA / yadi dvija-patnI somayajJa kara rahI ho aura use koI mAra DAle to usake hatyAre ko brahmaghAtaka ke samAna prAyazcita karanA par3atA thA / vyabhicAriNI ko mArane para premI hatyAre evaM usa strI kI jAti ke anusAra hI mArI prAyazcita karanA par3atA thA ( gau0 22 / 26-27, mana 11 / 138, yAjJa0 3 / 268-69 ) / manu (11 / 208 = viSNu 0 54 | 30 ) evaM yAjJa0 ( 3 / 293) ke mata se brAhmaNa ko dhamakI dene yA pITane para krama se kRccha yA atikRcchra tathA rakta nikAla dene para kRccha evaM atikRccha prAyazcitta karane par3ate the| ina aparAdhoM ke lie sAmavidhAnabrAhmaNa (1 / 7 / 4) ne anya prAyazcittoM kI vyavasthA dI hai| surApAna karane para brAhmaNa ko ati kaThora prAyazcitta karane para hI jIvana-rakSA mila sakatI thI / gautama ( 23|1), Apa0 gha0 sU0 ( 119 / 25 / 3), baudhA0 gha0 sU0 (2 / 1 / 21), vasiSTha (2022), manu (11 / 90-91) evaM yAjJa0 ( 3 / 253 ) ke mata se yadi koI brAhmaNa anna se banI surA ko jJAna meM kevala eka bAra bhI pI le to usakA prAyazcitta mRtyu se hI bana pAtA hai, arthAt use usI khaulatI huI surA ko, yA kholate hue gomUtra ko, yA khaulate hue ghIM, jala yA grIle gobara ko pInA par3atA thA, aura jaba vaha pUrNarUpeNa isa prakAra jala uThatA thA aura usake phalasvarUpa mara jAtA thA to vaha surApAna ke mahApAtaka se chuTakArA pA jAtA thaa| haradatta ( gautama 23 / 1 ) ne kahA dUdha, 3. jalAgnyudbandhana bhraSTAH pravrajyAnAzakacyutAH / viSaprapatanaprAyazastraghAtahatAzca ye / / navaMte pratyavasitAH sarvalokabahiSkRtAH / cAndrAyaNena zudhyanti taptakRcchradvayena vA // yama ( 22-23), bRhadyama ( 3-4), nAradapurANa / inameM saMnyAsa ko tyAga dene vAle evaM prANa dene ke lie kisI ke dvAra para baiThane vAle bhI sammilita kara liye gaye haiN| 4. surApo'gnisparzaM surAM pibet / Apa0 gha0 sU0 (1 / 9 / 25 / 3) ; surApasya brAhmaNasyoSNAmAsiJceyuH surAmAsye mRtaH zudhyet / gau0 (23 / 1 ) ; surApAne kAmakRte jvalantIM tAM vinikSipet / mukhe tayA vinirdagdhe mRtaH zuddhimavApnuyAt // bRhaspati (mitA0, yAza0 3 / 253 ) : aparArka (pU0 1071 ) ; prAya0 prakaraNa (10 43 ) ; prAyeNa dharmazAstreSu

Page #69
1062 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa hai ki yaha bhayAnaka prAyazcitta usake lie hai jo jAna-bUjhakara lagAtAra surApAna karatA hai (yahA~ anna se banI surA kI ora saMketa hai)| manu (11092) evaM yAjJa0 (3 / 254) ne uparyukta prAyazcitta ke sthAna para eka anya prAyazcitta kI vyavasthA dI hai-pApI ko eka varSa (yAjJa0 ke mata se tIna varSoM) taka kevala eka bAra bhojana karanA cAhie (aura vaha bhI rAtri meM kodrava cAvala kA bhAta yA khalI kI roTI khAnA cAhie), use gAya ke bAloM se banA vastra dhAraNa karanA cAhie, sira para jaTA honI cAhie aura hAtha meM surA ke pyAle ke sAtha char3I honI caahie| RSiyoM ne kSatriyoM evaM vaizyoM ke lie bhI surApAna karane para yahI prAyazcitta batAyA hai| hamane pahale dekha liyA hai ki surApAna ke aparAdhI kSatriya evaM vaizya ko brAhmaNa aparAdhI kI apekSA krama se tIna-cauthAI evaM AdhA prAyazcitta karanA par3atA thA (viSNu, prAya0 vi0 pRSTha 102 meM uddhRta) / yaha prAyazcitta peTa meM par3e hue khAdya padArtho kA vamana kara dene ke uparAnta kiyA jAtA thaa| madanapArijAta (pR0 818), prAyazcittaviveka (pR0 104), prAyazcittaprakaraNa (pR0 43), mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 24) Adi ke mata se 12 varSoM kA prAyazcitta usa vyakti ke lie hai jo ajJAnavasa yA balavaza ATe se banI huI surA pI letA hai| gautama (23 / 2-3), yAjJa0 (3 / 255), manu (111146), atri (75) ke mata se ajJAna meM madyoM, mAnava vIrya, mala-mUtra ko pI jAnevAle tIna ucca vargoM ke vyaktiyoM ko taptakRcchra nAmaka prAyazcitta karake puna: upanayana-saMskAra karanA par3atA hai| vasiSTha (29 / 19) ne ajJAna meM kisI bhI prakAra kA madya pI lene para kRccha evaM atikRcchra kI vyavasthA dI hai aura ghI pIne tathA punaH upanayana saMskAra karane kI AjJA dI hai| manu (11 / 146) evaM yAjJa0 (3 / 255) ke matoM ke viSaya meM bahuta-sI vyAkhyAe~ haiM jinheM hama yahAM nahIM de rahe haiN| bRhaspati (mitA0, aparArka Adi dvArA uddhata) ke kathana se gauDI (gur3a se banI), paiSTI (ATe se banI) mAdhvI (madhu yA mahuvA se banI) nAmaka surA pInevAle brAhmaNa ko krama se taptakRccha, parAka evaM cAndrAyaNa prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai| yaha halakA prAyazcitta unheM karanA par3atA hai jo kisI anya davA ke na rahane para inakA sevana karate haiN|' koI brAhmaNa ATe se banI surA ke atirikta kisI anya prakAra ke madya kA sevana karatA hai to usake lie kaI prakAra ke halake prAyazcittoM (yathA-samudra-gAmitI nadI para cAndrAyaNa karanA, brahmabhoja denA, eka gAya evaM baila kA dAna karanA) kI vyavasthA dI huI hai (parAzara 12175-76) / dekhie mitAkSarA (yAjJa0 3 / 255) kSitriyoM evaM vaizyoM ko surA (paiSTI, ATe se banI) ke atirikta anya madya pIne se koI pApa nahIM lagatA hai aura zUdra paiSTI surA bhI pI sakatA hai| mitA0 (yAjJa0 3.243) kA kathana hai ki manu (11393) ne yadyapi brAhmaNoM, kSatriyoM evaM vaizyoM ke lie surA vajita mAnI hai, kintu una baccoM ke lie, jinakA upanayana kRtya nahIM huA hai tathA avivAhita lar3akiyoM ke lie bhI surApAna varjita hai| yadi aise lar3ake yA lar3akiyA~ surApAna ke doSI Thaharate the to unheM tIna varSoM kA (yadi aparAdha anajAna meM huA ho) yA chaH varSoM kA (yadi aparAdha jJAna meM huA ho) prAyazcitta karanA par3atA thA (dekhie prAya0 prakaraNa, pR0 48) / kalpataru ne gautama (2 / 1) ke AdhAra para yaha kahA hai ki upanayana ke pUrva lar3akoM ko khAna-pAna, bolI evaM vyavahAra meM pUrI chUTa hai aura avivAhita lar3akI ko surApAna karane para pApa nahIM lgtaa| kintu prAya0 vi0 (pR0 104) evaM sarve'veba nraadhip| matipUrva surApAne prANAntikamudAhRtam // peSTIpAne tu RSibhirmetarasyA kadAcana / bhaviSya (dIpakalikA, yAjJa0 3 / 253) / 5. gauDI paiSTI tathA mAdhvIM pItvA vipraH samAcaret / saptakRcchaM parAkaM ca cAndrAyaNamanukramAt // grahaspati (mitA0, yAna0 3 / 254; aparArka pR0 1073; parA0 mA0 2, bhAga 2, pR0 84; madamapArijAta pR0 8217 prAya0 sAra0 pR042)|

Page #70
niSiddha bhojana kA prAyazcitta 1063 prAya prakAza ne kalpataru ke isa mata kI AlocanA kI hai| bRhaspati kA kathana hai ki gautama Adi ne kevala khaTTe yA bAsI Free (mAdaka) kI chUTa dI hai na ki surA kI, jisakA pInA mahApAtaka hai| jAtUkarNya (parA0 mAgha 2, bhAga 2, pR0 80) ne kahA hai ki yadi upanayana ke pUrva koI baccA mUrkhatAvaza koI madya pI le to usake mAtA-pitA yA bhAI ko prAyazcittasvarUpa tIna kRccha karane par3ate haiM / aMgirA, ApastambasmRti ( 3 / 7 ), laghu hArIta ( 34-35), bRhadyama (3 / 1-2) ne bhI kahA hai ki una baccoM ke lie jo abhI 5 varSa ke Upara evaM 10 varSa se nIce haiM, mAI, pitA yA mitra prAyazcitta ke lie pratinidhitva kara sakate haiN| AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra (1 / 22 / 22-26) ne punarupanayana ke samaya kyA karanA cAhie aura kyA chor3a denA cAhie Adi ke viSaya meM vyavasthA dI hai| usake mata se bAla kaTAnA evaM buddhi-vardhaka kRtya karanA Adi vaikalpika ,kiMtu usane devatAoM, samaya evaM mantroccAraNa ke viSaya meM spaSTa ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / vasiSTha (20118) ne manu (11 / 151 ) ko isa viSaya meM uddhRta kiyA hai, aura viSNu ( 51 / 4-5 ) ne bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| viSNu ( 51 / 2 - 3 ) ne zarIra se nikalane vAlI (bAraha prakAra kI ) vastuoM ko pIne yA katipaya madyoM ko pIne yA lazuna (lahasuna) yA piyAja yA zalajama yA kisI anya aise gaMdha vAle padArthoM ke khAne, grAmazUkaroM, pAlatU murgoM, bandaroM evaM gAyoM kA mAMsa khAne ke aparAdha meM cAndrAyaNa vrata kI vyavasthA dI hai aura kahA hai ki aise pApiyoM kA punarupanayana honA caahie| smRtiyoM ne khAna-pAna ke viSaya meM doSoM ke lie vibhinna prAyazcittoM kI vyavasthA dI hai, yathA-surA ke lie prayukta kisI pAtra meM jala pInA, kisI cANDAla yA dhobI yA zUdra ke ghara ke pAtra meM jala pInA, na pIne yogya dUdha kA sevana Adi ( gautama 17 / 22-26, yAjJa0 1 / 170, manu 5 / 8-10 ) / isa viSaya meM hama nahIM likheMge, kyoMki ve saMkhyA meM adhika haiM aura paristhitiyoM para hI unakA prayoga bhI AdhArita hai| zaMkha kA kathana hai ki makSyAbhakSya sambandhI bahuta se padArtha vizeSata: brAhmaNoM ke viSaya meM, unakA nirNaya ziSToM ( sammAnArha vyaktiyoM kI pariSad ke sadasyoM) para nirbhara hai| bRhaspati ne vyavasthA dI hai ki khAne evaM cATane kI niSiddha vastuoM ke sevana yA mAnava- vIrya, mUtra yA mala ke sevana para cAndrAyaNa vrata dvArA zuddhi hotI hai| saMvarta, zaMkhalikhita jaise RSiyoM ne udAra mata bhI diyA hai aura gomAMsa evaM mAnavamAMsa ke sevana ke lie bhI cAndrAyaNa vrata kI vyavasthA dI hai|' sAmavidhAnabrAhmaNa ( 1/5/13 ), manu ( 11 / 160) Adi ne eka sAmAnya niyama pratipAdita kiyA hai ki yadi koI vyakti AMtarika zucitA cAhatA hai to use niSiddha bhojana nahIM karanA cAhie, yadi vaha ajJAnavaza aisA bhojana kara le to use prayAsa karake vamana kara denA cAhie aura yadi vaha aisA na kara sake to use zIghratA se prAyazcitta kara lenA cAhie ( ajJAna se niSiddha bhojana kara lene para halakA prAyazcitta hotA hai) / bahuta prAcIna kAla se hI niSiddha bhojana ke pratibandhoM ke viSaya meM apavAda rakhe gaye haiN| chAndogyopaniSad (1 / 10) meM uSasti cAkrAyaNa kI gAthA meM kahA gayA hai ki jaba kucha deza meM tuSArapAta yA TiDDI dala se nAzakArI sthiti 6. alehyAnAmapeyAnAmabhakSyANAM ca bhakSaNe / retomUtrapurISANAM zuddhizcAndrAyaNaM smRtam // bRhaspati ( aparArka pU0 1164; parA0 mA0 2, bhAga 1, 10367) / gomAMsaM mAnuSaM caiva sUnihastAtsamAhRtam / abhakSyaM tad bhavetsarvaM bhuktvA cAndrAyaNaM caret // saMvarta (197, aparAkaM pR0 1165; parAzaramAdhavIya 2, bhAga 1, pR0 367 ); zRgAlakukkuTa [STri-kanyAva-vAnara- kharoSTra-gajavAji-vizvarAha-gomAnuvamAMsabhakSaNe cAndrAyaNam / zaMkhalikhita (aparArka, pR0 1166: parA0 mA0 2, bhAga 1, pR0 368 ) / aura dekhie gau0 (23 / 4-3), vasiSTha ( 23 / 30), manu (11 za 156), viSNu ( 51 / 3-4) /

Page #71
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa utpanna ho gayI thI to usane apanI patnI ke sAtha kisI ADhya vyakti dvArA chor3e gaye kulathI ke dAne khAye the aura usake jala ko isa bAta para grahaNa nahIM kiyA thA ki jala to kahIM bhI prApta ho sakatA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki ApatkAla meM ucchiSTa bhojana bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu jaba aisA na ho to brahmajJAnI ko bhI bhojana-sambandhI zAstravihita niyamoM kA ullaMghana nahIM karanA caahie| vedAntadarzana (3 / 4 / 28) meM isa viSaya meM eka sUtra hai; 'sarvAnnAnumatizca prANAtyaye taddarzanAt / ' manu (10 / 104) ne kahA hai ki jaba koI vyakti vipatti-kAla meM (jaba ki jIvana-bhaya bhI utpanna ho gayA ho) kisI se bhI kucha grahaNa kara letA hai to use pApa nahIM lagatA, kyoMki AkAza meM paMka nahIM rhtaa| mana (10 / 105-108) ne ajIgata (jisane bhUkha se pIr3ita hokara apane putra kI hatyA karanI cAhI thI), RSi vAmadeva (jisane bhUkha se vikala hokara prANa-rakSA ke lie kutte kA mAMsa khAnA cAhA), bharadvAja (jisane apane putra ke sAtha kSudhApIr3ita hokara vana meM vRdhu yA bRbhu se gaue~ lIM) evaM vizvAmitra (jisane bhUkha se Ahata hokara sadasata kA vicAra rakhate hue bhI cANDAla se kutte kI jaMghA prApta kI thI) kI gAthAoM kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| vibhinna prakAra ke pakSiyoM ke khAne para viSNu (51 / 29 evaM 31) ne tIna dinoM yA eka dina ke upavAsa kI vyavasthA dI hai| vibhinna prakAra kI machaliyoM ke khAne ke viSaya meM dekhie viSNudha0 sU0 (51 / 21) / sone kI corI ke mahApAtaka ke viSaya me hamane isa khaNDa ke adhyAya 3 meM bahuta kucha par3ha liyA hai| cora ko eka gadA lekara rAjA ke pAsa pahu~canA hotA thA aura rAjA use eka hI vAra meM mAra DAlane kA prayAsa karatA thaa| Apa0 dha0 sU0 (1 / 9 / 25 / 4) ne isakI ora saMketa kiyA hai aura vikalpa se (1 / 9 / 25 / 6-7) agni-praveza yA kama khAte-khAte mara jAne kI vyavasthA dI hai| 80 rattiyoM kI tola yA isase adhika kI tola taka (brAhmaNa ke) sone kI corI meM sabhI vargoM ke lie coroM kA prAyazcitta mRtyu ke rUpa meM thA (manu 8 / 134 evaM yAjJa0 1 / 363), kintu brAhmaNa ko isa mahApAtaka ke lie vana meM bAraha varSoM taka cIthar3oM meM lipaTakara prAyazcitta-svarUpa rahanA par3atA thA, yA vahI prAyazcitta karanA par3atA thA jo brahmahatyA (manu 11 / 101) yA surApAna (yAjJa0 3 / 258) ke lie vyavasthita thaa| sone kI corI meM cora apane mAra ke barAbara sonA bhI de sakatA thA yA use itanA dhana denA par3atA thA ki kisI brAhmaNa ke kula kA brAhmaNa ke jIvana-kAla taka bharaNa-poSaNa ho sake (mitAkSarA, yAjJa0 3 / 258) / Apa0 dha0 sU0 (1 / 9 / 25 / 8) ne isa viSaya meM eka varSa taka kRcchra karane ko kahA hai aura eka uddharaNa diyA hai-unheM, jinhoMne (sone kI) corI kI hai, surA pI hai yA guru-patnI se sambandha kiyA hai, kintu use nahIM jisane brahmahatyA kI hai, dina ke cauthe kAla meM thor3A khAnA cAhie, dina meM tIna bAra snAna karanA cAhie, dina meM khar3A rahanA cAhie aura rAtri meM baiThe rahanA cAhie; isa prakAra karate-karate tIna varSoM ke uparAnta ve pApa-mukta ho jAte haiN| nibandhoM ne corI gaye sone kI tola, jisakI corI huI hai usake gaNoM, cora ke guNoM, donoM kI jAtiyoM, eka bAra yA kaI bAra corI ke duharAne, corI gayI vastu ke mUlya evaM rUpa, samaya evaM sthAna Adi ke AdhAra para vibhinna prAyazcittoM kI vyavasthA dI hai| dekhie prAya0 vi0 (pR0 117 7. ajIgataM kI gAthA ke lie dekhie aitareya brAhmaNa (7 / 13-16) evaM isa grantha kA khaNDa 3, adhyAya 27 / agveda (6 // 45 // 31-32) meM bRbhu ko paNiyoM kA bar3haI kahA gayA hai aura usakI dayA kI prazaMsA kI gayI hai| vizvAmitra evaM unake dvArA cANDAla kI jhopar3I se kutte ke paira ke curAne ko gAthA zAntiparva (141 / 26-96) meM dI huI hai| 8. kRcchasaMvatsaraM vA caret / athaapyudaahrnti| steyaM kRtvA surAM pItvA gurudAraM ca gatvA brahmahatyAmakRtvA caturthakAlA mitabhojanAH syurapobhyaveyuH savanAnukalpam / sthAnAsanAbhyAM viharanta ete tribhirvarapa pApaM nuvante / Apa050 pU0 (1 / 9 / 25 / 8-10) /

Page #72
suvarNa kI corI evaM vyabhicAra kA prAyazcitta 127), prAya0 sAra (pR0 49), madanapArijAta (pR0 828-834), smRtyarthasAra (pR0 108-109), smRtimuktAphala (pR0 883-885) / hama sthAnAbhAva se vistAra nahIM de rahe haiN| yadi 80 rattiyoM se kama (brAhmaNa ke bhI) sone kI corI huI ho, yA kisI kSatriya yA kisI anya abrAhmaNa kA sonA kisI bhI mAtrA meM corI gayA ho to cora ko upapAtaka kA prAyazcitta lagatA hai| manu (114162-168-matsya 227 / 41-47) evaM viSNu (52 / 5-13) ne kaI prakAra ke prAyazcittoM kI vyavasthA dI hai, yathA-anAja, pake bhojana yA dhana kI corI meM eka varSa kA kRccha ; puruSoM yA striyoM (dAsiyoM) ko bhagAne yA kisI bhUmi ko har3apa lene yA kUpoM aura jalAzayoM ke jala kA anucita prayoga karane para cAndrAyaNa vrata; kama mUlya vAlI vastuoM kI corI para sAntapana prAyazcitta; vibhinna prakAra ke bhojya padArthoM, gAr3I yA zayyA yA Asana yA puSpoM yA phala-maloM kI corI para paJcagavya prAzana kA prAyazcitta; dhAsa, lakar3I, per3oM, sUkhe bhojana, khA~Da, paridhAnoM, carma (yA kavaca) evaM mAMsa kI corI para tIna dinoM evaM rAtoM kA upavAsa ; ratnoM, motiyoM, maMgA, tAmra, cA~dI, lohA, kAMsya yA pattharoM kI corI para kodo cAvaloM kA 15 dinoM taka bhojana ; rUI, rezama, Una, phaTe khuroM vAle pazuoM (gAya Adi) yA binA phaTe khuroM vAle pazuoM (ghor3A Adi), pakSiyoM, sugaMdhiyoM, jar3I-bUTiyoM yA rassI (pAnI khIMcane vAlI) kI corI para kevala dugdh-paan| cora ko corI kI vastu loTAkara hI prAyazcitta karanA par3atA thA (mana 111164 evaM viSNa 52 / 14) / medhA 111164) kA kathana hai ki yadi corI gayI vastu na lauTAyI jA sake to prAyazcitta dUnA hotA hai| isake atirikta corI ke kucha mAmaloM meM yadi rAjA dvArA zArIrika daNDa yA matya-daNDa nahIM diyA jAtA thA to cora ko corI gayI vastu kA gyArahagunA artha-daNDa denA par3atA thaa| dekhie manu (8 / 321, 323) evaM viSNu (5 / 82) / steya ke do prakAra hai-balapUrvaka corI karanA (lUTa-pATa yA DakaitI, jise sAhasa kahA jAtA hai) tathA chipI taura se corI krnaa| sAhasa meM kSatriya evaM vaizya ko krama se dugunA evaM tigunA prAyazcitta karanA par3atA thA, aura isa viSaya meM brAhmaNoM ke lie pariSada prAyazcitta kI vyavasthA karatI thI (parA0 mA0 2, bhAga 1, pRSTha 231) / chipakara yA gupta rUpa se sone yA dhana kI corI karane para yadi jisakI corI haI hai vaha brAhmaNa ho aura cora kSatriya yA vaizya ho to prAyazcitta brAhmaNa-cora kI apekSA adhika hotA thA' (nArada, sAhasa, 16; devamatiyoM, brAhmaNoM evaM rAjAoM kA dhana uttama hai)| kintu yadi corI ke sAmAna vAle svAmI kI jAti cora kI jAti se nIcI ho to bRhad-viSNu kA niyama lAgU hotA thA, arthAt brAhmaNa pApI ke prAyazcitta se kSatriya, vaizya evaM zUdra ko krama se 3/4, 1/2 evaM 1/4 mAga kA prAyazcitta karanA par3atA thaa| gurupatnI ke sAtha vyabhicAra karane ke viSaya meM AdikAla se hI prAyazcitta kI vyavasthA rahI hai| gautama (23 / 8-11), Apa0 dha0 sU0 (1 / 9 / 25 / 1-2), baudhA0 dha0 sU0 (2 / 1 / 14-16), vasiSTha (2013-14) evaM manu (11 / 103-104) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki aparAdhI ko apanA aparAdha svIkAra kara lenA cAhie aura taba use tapta lauha para zayana karanA hogA yA nArI kI tapta lauhamUrti kA AliMgana karanA hogA yA use apane liMga evaM aNDakozoM ko kATakara unheM liye hae dakSiNa yA dakSiNa-pUrva kI dizA meM taba taka sIdhe calate jAnA hogA jaba taka vaha mata hokara gira na par3e aura tabhI vaha (isa prakAra kI mRtyu se) zuddha ho skegaa| mitAkSarA (yAjJa0 3 / 259) ke mata se upayukta tInoM pRthak prAyazcitta nahIM haiM, kiMtu inameM do, yathA nArI kI tapta lauha-mUrti kA AliMgana evaM tapta lauha para zayana 9. tapte lauhazayane gurutalpagaH zayIta / sUmI vA zliSyejjvalantIm / ligaM vA savRSaNamutkRtyAJjalAvAdhAya dakSiNApratIcI bajedajihyamA zarIrapAtAt / gau0 (23 / 8-10) /

Page #73
1066 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa eka hI prakAra kA prAyazcitta hai| isa viSaya meM vibhinna vyAkhyAoM ke lie dekhie madanapArijAta ( pR0 837), meghAtithi (manu 11 / 103) / manu (11 / 58 evaM 170 - 171), yAjJa0 ( 3 / 231), saMvarta ( 159 ) ne guru- patnI ( AcAryANI), ucca jAti kI kumArI, putra-vadhU, sagotra nArI, sodarA nArI ( bahina Adi) yA antyaja nArI sAtha saMbhoga karane ko gurutalpa-gamana ke samAna hI mAnA hai aura prAyazcitta usase thor3A hI kama ThaharAyA hai| manu (11 / 105) evaM yAjJa0 (3 / 260) ne mRtyu ke atirikta yaha prAyazcitta batAyA hai- pApI ko vijana vana meM rahanA cAhie, dAr3hI bar3hane denA cAhie, cithar3e dhAraNa karane cAhie aura eka varSa (yAjJa0 ke mata se tIna varSa ) taka prAjApatya kRccha prAyazcitta karanA caahie| TIkAkAroM kA mata hai ki yaha prAyazcitta ajJAna meM kiye gaye duSkRtya ke lie hai / manu ( 11/26 0 ) evaM yAjJa0 (3 / 260) ne tIna mAtoM kA cAndrAyaNa vrata vyavasthApita kiyA hai; manu ne use yAjJika padArtha (yathAphala, mUla yA nIvAra anna) yA jau kI lapasI yA mA~r3a khAne ko kahA hai aura yAjJa0 ne tIna mAsoM taka vedasaMhitA kA pATha karane ko kahA hai| TIkAkAroM kA kathana hai ki yaha niyama usa viSaya meM hai jahA~ guru-patnI nIca varNa kI ho yA zUdrA ho / parAzara (10 / 10-11 ) ne tIna prAyazcittoM kI vyavasthA dI hai-liMga kATa lenA, tIna kRcchra yA tIna cAndrAyaNa, jaba ki vyakti apanI mAtA, bahina yA putrI se vyabhicAra karatA hai| parAzara (10 / 12-14) ne anya sannikaTa sambandha vAlI nAriyoM ke sAtha vyabhicAra karane vAloM ke lie anya prAyazcitta batAye haiN| mitAkSarA (yAjJa0 3 / 259) ne zaMkha kA havAlA dekara kahA hai ki cAroM mahApAtakoM ke lie bAraha varSoM kA prAyazcitta hotA hai, ataH yaha niyama sajAtIya guru- patnI ke sAtha saMbhoga karane para bhI lAgU hotA hai / prAyazcittoM ke viSaya meM smRti-vacana vibhinna niyama dete haiM, ataH anya bAtoM kA havAlA denA Avazyaka nahIM hai| manu ( 11 / 178, viSNu 5349, agni0 169/41) evaM zAMtiparva ( 165 / 29) kA kathana hai ki vaha pApa, jisameM dvija kisI vRSalI ( cANDAla nArI) ke sAtha eka rAta saMbhoga karatA hai, tIna varSoM taka bhIkha mA~gakara khAne evaM gAyatrI Adi mantroM ke japa se dUra ho jAtA hai|" aura dekhie Apa 0 dha0 sU0 (1 / 9 / 27 / 11) / yAjJa0 ( 3 / 233) ke mata se yadi koI puruSa cAcI, mAmI, putra vadhU, mausI Adi se unakI sahamati se saMbhoga karatA hai to usa vyabhicAriNI nArI ko mRtyu kA rAja - daNDa milatA hai aura use vahI prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai jo puruSa ke lie vyavasthita hai / manu ( 11 / 175 = laghu zAtAtapa 155 - agni0 169/38 ) kA kathana hai ki yadi koI brAhmaNa ajJAna meM cANDAla strI yA mleccha strI se saMbhoga karatA hai, yA cANDAla yA mleccha ke yahA~ khAtA hai yA dAna letA hai to use patita hone ke bAda kA prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai, aura yadi vaha aisA jJAna karatA hai to unhIM ke samAna ho jAtA hai| dekhie vasiSTha (23 / 41 ) evaM viSNu ( 53 / 5 / 6 ) | mahApAtaka ke aparAdha meM striyoM ke viSaya meM sAmAnya niyama yaha hai ki anya logoM kI patniyoM ke sAtha puruSoM ke vyabhicAra ke lie jo prAyazcitta vyavasthita hai vahI una striyoM ke lie bhI hai jo puruSoM se vyabhicAra karatI haiM ( mana 11 / 176; kAtyAyana evaM bRhaspati ) / kiMtu yadi strI kA vyabhicAra ajJAna meM ho jAya to prAyazcitta AghA hotA hai| vahI niyama aMgirA ne bhI diyA hai / " yadi koI strI patita hone para prAyazcitta na kare to use ghaTasphoTa 10. manu (11 / 177) kA 'vRSalI' zabda kullUka evaM mitAkSarA dvArA vyAkhyApita huA hai| mitA0 (yAza0 3 / 260) ne smRti-vacana uddhRta kiyA hai--'caNDAlI bandhakI bezyA rajaHsthA yA ca kanyakA / UDhA yA ca sagotrA 'syAd vRSalyaH paJca kIrtitAH // ' zUlapANi ne 'vRbalI' ko zUdrI kahA hai (dekhie prAya0 prakAza) / 11. yatpuMsaH paradAreSu samAneSu vrataM caret / vyabhicArAttu bhartuH strI tavazeSaM samAcaret !! bRhaspati ( aparArka

Page #74
mahApApiyoM ke saMsarga kA prAyazcitta vidhi se jAticyuta kara diyA jAtA thA (dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 3, adhyAya 27) / kintu isa viSaya meM puruSa tathA nArI meM antara thaa| patita nArI ko yoM hI mArga para nahIM tyAga diyA jAtA thA, pratyuta use ghAsa-phUsa se banI jhopar3I meM rakha diyA jAtA thA, Age ke aparAdha se use rakSita kiyA jAtA thA, use itanA hI bhojana diyA jAtA thA ki vaha jI sake aura pahanane ke lie purAne vastra diye jAte the (manu 113106 evaM yAjJa0 3 / 296) / yAjJa0 (3 / 297) ke mata se striyoM ke lie kucha viziSTa karma nindya mAne jAte haiM, yathA--nIca jAti ke puruSa se saMbhoga karanA, bhrUNa-hatyA karanA (garbha girAnA) evaM pati kI hatyA krnaa| vasiSTha (21 / 10) ne cAra prakAra kI nAriyoM ko sarvathA tyAjya mAnA hai, arthAta unheM bharaNa-poSaNa Adi ke lie bhI ayogya ThaharAyA hai, yathA-ziSyagA (jo pati ke ziSya se saMbhoga karatI hai), gurugA (jo pati ke guru se saMbhoga karatI hai), patighnI (jo pati kI hatyA karanevAlI hotI hai) tathA buMgitopagatA (jo kisI nIca jAti se ramaNa karatI hai)| vasiSTha (21 / 12) ke mata se tIna ucca vargoM kI jo strI zUdra se saMbhoga karatI hai vaha yadi santAnavatI na ho jAya to ucita prAyazcitta se zuddha kara lI jA sakatI hai| dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 3, adhyAya 34 / aba hama mahApAtakiyoM ke saMsarga meM AnevAle logoM ke prAyazcitta ke viSaya meM carcA kreNge| manu (11 / 181), viSNu (5411) evaM yAjJa0 (3 / 261) kA kathana hai ki jo bhI koI mahApAtakiyoM kA saMsarga (yAjJa0 ke mata se varSa bhara ) karatA hai use saMsarga-pApa se mukta hone ke lie mahApAtaka vAlA hI vrata (prAyazcitta) karanA par3atA hai| kullUka evaM prAya0 sAra (pR0 61) kA kathana hai ki yahA~ vrata zabda prayukta huA hai, ataH kevala 12 varSoM vAlA prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai, mRtyu kA AliMgana nahIM karanA pdd'taa|" yadi saMsarga ajJAnavaza ho to prAyazcitta AdhA hotA hai| vyAsa ne jJAna meM kiye gaye saMsarga ke lie 3/4 prAyazcitta kI vyavasthA dI hai| prAya0 vi0 (pR0 171) ke mata se brAhmaNa evaM zUdra ke saMsarga ke viSaya meM prAyazcitta meM koI antara nahIM thA, yadyapi anya bAtoM meM pratyeka varNa ke lie 1/4 chUTa dI jAtI thii| yadi saMsarga eka varSa se kama kA hotA thA to usI anupAta se prAyazcitta meM chUTa milatI thii| kevala patita hI nindya nahIM mAnA jAtA thA, pratyuta patita hone ke uparAnta utpanna putra bhI patita mAnA jAtA thA aura use uttarAdhikAra se vaMcita kara diyA jAtA thaa| kintu patita kI putrI ke sAtha aisA niyama nahIM thA, usake pR0 1124, prAya0 vi0 pR0 371); evaM doSazca zuddhizca patitAnAmudAhRtA / strINAmapi prasaktAnAmeSa eva vidhiH smRtH|| kAtyAyana (mitA0, yAja0 3 / 260) / vrataM yaccoditaM puMsAM patitastrIniSevaNAt / taccApi kArayenmUDhAM patitAsevanAt striyam // aMgirA (prAya0 vi0 pR0 372) / 12. catatastu parityAjyAH ziSyagA gurugA ca yaa| patighnI ca vizeSeNa muMgitopagatA ca yaa|| vasiSTha (21310, mitA0, yAjJa0 3 / 297 evaM aparAkaM pR0 1208, yAjJa0 172) / mitAkSarA ne yaha zloka vyAsa kA mAnA hai aura 'jaMgita' ko 'pratilomajazcarmakArAdiH' kahA hai| dIpakalikA ne 'kutsitaH pratilomajaH' mAnA hai| prAya0 vi0 (10 374) ne ise aMgirA kA mAnA hai aura 'juMgitaH kutsito hInavarNaH' kahA hai| 13. atra ca brahmahAdiSu yadyapi kAmato maraNAntikamupadiSTaM tathApi saMsargiNastannAtidizyate / sa tasyaiva vataM kuryAditi vratasyaivAtidezAta / maraNasya ca vatazabdavAcyatvAbhAvAt / ato'tra kAmakRte'pi saMsarga dvAdazavArSikamakAmatastu tadarSam / mitA0 (yAza0 3 / 261) / aura dekhie madanapArijAta (10 853) / 14. yo yena saMvasedvaSaM so'pi tatsamatAmiyAt / pAdahInaM gheratso'pi tasya tasya vrataM dvijH|| vyAsa (mitA0, yAza0 3 / 261, kullUka, manu 111181) / 62

Page #75
1068 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa sAtha vivAhita pati ko doSa nahIM lagatA thaa| dekhie vasiSTha (13 / 51-53), yAjJa0 (3 / 261), baudhA0pa0 sU0 (2 / 1173-74), hArIta (prAya0 vi0 10 174 evaM prAya0 prakaraNa 10 110 dvArA uddhata) evaM isa grantha kA khaNDa 3, adhyAya 27 / / viSNu (adhyAya 36) ne kucha pApoM ko anupAtaka kI saMjJA dI hai aura manu (11 / 55-58) evaM yAjJa0 (3 / 228-233) ne unheM mahApAtakoM ke samAna hI ginA hai aura unake lie azvamedha yA tIrthayAtrA kI vyavasthA dI hai| hamane dekha liyA hai ki ina pApoM ke lie prAyazcitta thor3A kama, arthAt 1/4 kama hotA hai| __ aba hama upapAtakoM ke prAyazcittoM kA ullekha kreNge| upapAtakoM kI saMkhyA bar3I hai aura unameM pratyeka kA varNana Avazyaka nahIM hai| sarvaprathama hama unake viSaya ke kucha sAmAnya niyamoM kA varNana kareMge aura Age calakara kucha mahattvapUrNa upapAtakoM kA vidhivat ullekha kreNge| sAmavidhAnabrAhmaNa (1 / 5 / 14) kA kathana hai ki vyakti kaI upapAtakoM ke karane ke kAraNa upavAsa karate hue yadi sampUrNa veda kA pATha tIna bAra kara jAya to zuddha ho jAtA hai| manu (11 / 117), yAjJa0 (3 / 265) evaM viSNu (37 / 35) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki sabhI upapAtakoM se zuddhi (kevala avakIrNI ko chor3akara) usa prAyazcitta se jo govadha ke lie vyavasthita hai, yA cAndrAyaNa se yA eka mAsa taka kevala dugdha-prayoga se yA parAka yA gosava se ho jAtI hai| nibandhoM kA kathana hai ki parAka usake lie hai jo use karane meM samartha hai, cAndrAyaNa usake lie hai, jo durbala hai aura gosava usake lie hai jo eka hI upapAtaka ko bAra-bAra karatA hai yA eka hI samaya kaI upapAtakoM kA aparAdhI hotA hai (prAya0 prkaash)| manu, yAjJa0 evaM agni0 (168 / 29-37) ne govadha ko upapAtakoM meM sabase pahale rakhA hai| katipaya smatiyoM ne govadha ke lie vividha prAyazcittoM kI vyavasthA dI hai| gautama (22 / 18) ne isake lie vahI prAyazcitta nirdhArita kiyA hai jo vaizya-hatyA para kiyA jAtA hai, yathA-vana meM tIna varSoM kA nivAsa, bhIkha mA~gakara khAnA, brahmAcarya-pAlana evaM baila ke sAtha sau gAyoM kA daan| Apa0 dha0 sU0 (1 / 9 / 26 / 1) ne dudhArU gAya yA taruNa baila kI hatyA para zUdra-hatyA kA prAyazcitta batalAyA hai| vasiSTha (21 / 18) ne kahA hai ki govadhakartA ko usa gAya kI khAla se apane ko DhaMka lenA cAhie aura cha: mAsoM taka kRcchra yA atikRccha karanA caahie| manu (11 / 108 / 116), viSNu (50 / 16-24), saMvarta (130-135) evaM parAzara (8 / 31-41) ne govadha ke lie vistAra ke sAtha prAyazcitta-pAlana kI vyavasthA dI hai| yAjJa0 (3 / 263-264) ne cAra pRthak prAyazcittoM kI vyavasthA dI hai, yathA--(1) goghAtaka ko apanI indriyoM para eka mAsa niyantraNa karanA cAhie. use paMcagavya para hI rahanA cAhie, gozAlA meM sonA cAhie, dina meM usa gozAlA kI gaue~ carAnA cAhie aura mAsa ke anta meM eka gAya kA dAna karanA cAhie; (2) yA use kRccha prAyazcitta karanA cAhie, gozAlA meM sokara usakI gAyoM ke pIche-pIche dina meM calanA cAhie; (3) yA isI prakAra atikRccha karanA cAhie; (4) yA tIna dinoM kA upavAsa kara anta meM eka baila ke sAtha do gaue~ dAna karanI caahie| zaMkha ne 25 dina evaM rAtoM kA upavAsa batAyA hai aura kahA hai ki ina dinoM meM paMcagavya para hI rahanA cAhie, zikhA ke sAtha sira muMDA lenA cAhie, zarIra ke UparI bhAga para gAya kI khAla pahananI cAhie, gAyoM ko carAnA cAhie, unake pIche-pIche calanA cAhie, gozAlA meM sonA cAhie aura anta meM eka gAya dAna karanI caahie| kucha 15. godhnaH paMcagavyAhAraH paMcaviMzatirAtramupavaset sazikhaM vapanaM kRtvA gocarmaNA prAvRto gAzcAnugacchan goSThezayo gAM ca dadyAt / zaMkha (vizvarUpa, yAjJa0 3 / 261; mitA0, yAjJa0 31264; haradatta, gautama 22 / 18; aparArka pR0 1094) / mitA0 evaM haradatta ne yaha vacana zaMkha evaM pracetA donoM kA mAnA hai|

Page #76
upapAtakoM evaM govaSa kA prAyazcitta 1069 smRtiyoM evaM nibandhoM ne kahA hai ki yadi gAya kisI vidvAn brAhmaNa kI ho yA kevala-brAhmaNa (jAti se brAhmaNa, arthAt o par3hA-likhA na ho) kI ho, yA kSatriya yA vaizya yA zUdra kI ho to usI ke anusAra prAyazcitta bhinna honA caahie| udAharaNArtha, devala (prAya0 vi0, pR0 202) ke anusAra yadi brAhmaNa kI gAya kI hatyA huI ho to hatyAre ko cha: mAsa taka usa gAya kI khAla uttarIya rUpa meM dhAraNa karanI cAhie, gAyoM ke lie cArA lAnA cAhie, gAyoM kA anukaraNa karanA cAhie, kevala jo kI lapasI khAnI cAhie, gAyoM ke sAtha hI vicaraNa karanA cAhie ; tabhI use pApa se chuTakArA mila sakatA hai| zAtAtapa (prAya0 vi0, pR. 203) kA kathana hai ki vaizya ko gAya ke hatyAre ko eka mAsa taka paMcagavya para rahanA cAhie, gomatI-vidyA kA pATha karanA cAhie aura eka mAsa taka gozAlA meM rahanA caahie| vizvAmitra (prAya0 vi0, pR0 203) ne kahA hai ki zUdra ko gAya kI hatyA jJAna yA ajJAna meM ho jAne para hatyAre ko krama se cAra kaccha yA do kaccha karane caahie| gomatI-vidyA (aparAka,pa01102: madanapArijAta, pa0 862; prAyazcittatattva,pa0522) meM gauoM kI stuti kI gayI hai-"gaue~ sadaiva surabhita hotI haiM, unameM gaggala kI gaMdha hotI hai, ve prANiyoM kA AdhAra hotI haiM, ve prabhUta svastimatI hotI haiM, ve dUdha ke rUpa meM sarvottama bhojana detI haiM, devoM ke lie sarvottama AhutiyA~ detI haiM, ve sabhI prANiyoM ko pavitra karanevAlI hotI haiM, unase havirdravya nikalate haiM, unase jo dUdha yA dhI prApta hotA hai usa para mantroM kA uccAraNa hotA hai aura vaha devoM ko car3hAyA jAtA hai, ataH ve (ina vastuoM ke dvArA) devoM ko prasanna karatI haiN| RSiyoM ke agnihotra meM gaue~ unheM homa kI utpatti ke lie sahAyatA detI haiM, gaue~ sabhI prANiyoM ke lie pavitra haiM aura sabako zaraNa denevAlI haiN| ve parama pavitra evaM uttama maMgala haiM, ve svarga kI sIr3hI haiM aura hama unheM.jo dhana se paripUrNa haiM aura saurabheyI kahI jAtI haiM, praNAma karate haiN| una pavitra evaM brahmA kI putriyoM ko hama praNAma karate haiN| brAhmaNa evaM gaue~ eka hI kula ke haiM aura do bhAgoM meM ba~Te haiM, jinameM eka (brAhmaNoM) meM vaidika mantra nivAsa karate haiM aura dUsarI (gAyoM meM) meM devoM ke lie (ghRta Adi rUpa meM) AhutiyA~ rahatI haiN|" prAyazcittaprakaraNa (pR. 33) kA kahanA hai ki kAtyAyana, gautama, saMvarta, parAzara evaM anya RSiyoM ne govadha ke lie vibhinna prAyazcittoM kI vyavasthA dI hai jo nimna bAtoM para nirbhara hai-govadha jJAna meM kiyA gayA yA ajJAna meM, vaha gAya somayAjI brAhmaNa kI thI yA usa brAhmaNa kI jisane SaDaMga veda kA adhyayana kara liyA thA, vaha gAya acche guNa vAle brAhmaNa dvArA kiye jAnevAle homa ke lie thI yA garbhavatI thI yA kapilA (bhUrI yA piMgalA) thii| isa grantha ne eka mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha kahI hai ki usake kAla meM aisI gAya sAdhAraNa jIvana meM nahIM upalabdha thI, ataH uparyukta vacanoM ke viSaya meM adhika likhanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| yAjJa0 (3 / 284), saMvarta (137), agni0 (169 / 14), ne kahA hai ki yadi koI gAya yA baila davA karate samaya, yA baccA janane meM sahAyatA dete samaya yA davA ke rUpa meM dAgate samaya mara jAya to pApa nahIM lgtaa| brAhmaNoM, gAyoM evaM anya pazuoM kI isI prakAra kI mRtyu ke viSaya meM prAyazcitta-sambandhI apavAda haiN| parAzara (9 / 4) evaM aMgirA (prAya0 ta0, pR0 526-527) ne gAyoM yA bailoM ko niyantrita karate yA bA~dhate samaya yA hala meM jotate samaya unake mara jAne para krama se prAyazcitta kA 1/4, 1/2 evaM 3/4 bhAga nirdhArita kiyA hai| brahmapurANa evaM parAzara (prAya0 ta0, pR0 513) ke anusAra govadha kA prAyazcitta karane ke pUrva pApI ko pazu kA mUlya cukA denA par3atA thaa| ____ sAmavidhAnabrAhmaNa (11738) ne kahA hai ki kisI bhI pazu (gAya yA baila ke atirikta) kI hatyA karane para aparAdhI ko eka rAta upavAsa karanA cAhie aura sAmaveda (1 / 1 / 3 / 2) kA pATha karanA caahie| Apa0 gha0 sU0 (1 / 9 / 25 / 14) ke anusAra kauA, giragiTa, mora, cakravAka, haMsa, mAsa, meDhaka, nevalA, gaMdhamUSaka (chuDUMdara) evaM kuttA ko mArane para zUdra-hatyA kA prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai| gautama (22 / 19-22), manu (11 / 133-137), yAjJa0 (31269-274), viSNu (50 / 25-32), parAzara (6 / 1-15) Adi ne hAthI, ghor3A, vyAghra, vAnara, billI,

Page #77
pAramA 1070 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa sarpa Adi kI hatyA para vibhinna prAyazcittoM kI vyavasthA dI hai, jinheM hama yahA~ nahIM de rahe haiN| saMvarta (10), paiThInasi Adi smRtiyoM ne grAmya evaM AraNya (banaile) pazuoM kA antara batAyA hai| RSiyoM ne prANiyoM ke sAtha hI vanaspatiyoM kI hatyA (kATane) para vizeSa vicAra kiyA hai| yadi koI vyakti Ama, panasa Adi vRkSoM yA latA-gulmoM ko yajJoM evaM kRSi ke upayoga meM lAne ke atirikta kATatA thA to use sau vaidika mantroM ke japa kA prAyazcitta karanA par3atA thA (manu 111142, yAjJa0 3 / 276, vasiSTha 19 / 11-12) / spaSTa hai, RSiyoM ko AdhyAtmikatA ke sAtha hI mAnavakalyANa ke lie vRkSoM, latA-gulmoM Adi kA upayoga bhalI bhA~ti jJAta thaa| yaha avalokanIya hai ki jaba kisI ko koI vezyA, yA vAnara yA gadahA yA kuttA yA zRgAla yAU~Ta yA kauA kATa letA thA to use darda sahane ke sAtha-sAtha jala meM khar3e hokara prANAyAma karanA par3atA thA aura zuddhi ke lie ghI pInA par3atA thA (manu 111199, yAjJa0 3 / 277 evaM vasiSTha 23 / 31) / parAzara (5 / 1-9) ne bher3iyoM, kuttoM evaM zRgAloM ke kATane para zuddhi ke lie vistRta niyamoM kI vyavasthA dI hai, yathA-snAna, gAyatrI kA japa aadi| rya (dUsare kI patnI ke sAtha vyabhicAra) upapAtaka mAnA jAtA thA (mana 11159 evaM yAjJa0 3 / 235) / isameM gurutalpagamana, guru-patnI evaM cANDAla kI striyoM ke sAtha saMbhoga nahIM sammilita hai (manu 11 / 170172, 175, 178; yAjJa0 3 / 231-233, vasiSTha 2015-17 evaM 23 / 41) / Apa0 dha0 mU0 (1 / 10 / 28 / 19) usa puruSa vyabhicArI ke prati ati kaThora hai jo apanI patnI ke sAtha kiye gaye zapatha-vrata se cyata hotA hai| aise vyakti ko gadahe kA carma bAla ke bhAga ko Upara karake pahananA par3atA thA aura sAta gharoM se bhikSA mA~gate samaya kahanA par3atA thA ki "usa vyakti ko bhikSA dIjie jisane apanI patnI ke prati vacana-bhaMga kiyA hai|" isI prakAra use cha: mAsa taka karanA par3atA thaa| Apa0 dha0 sU0 (1 / 10 / 28 / 20) ne isI prakAra bhraSTa caritra vAlI patnI ke lie bhI vyavasthA dI hai| use kaI mAsoM (chaH mAsoM) taka 12 rAtri vAlA kRccha prAyazcitta karanA par3atA thaa| eka sthAna (2 / 10 / 27 / 11) para aisA kahA gayA hai ki jo brAhmaNa apanI jAti kI vivAhita strI ke sAtha vyabhicAra kare to use jAti-cyuta vyakti ke lie vyavasthita prAyazcitta kA 1/4 bhAga karanA par3atA thaa| gautama (22 / 29-30), 34) ne aise viSaya meM sAmAnyataH do varSoM vAlA aura vidvAn brAhmaNa kI patnI ke sAtha vyabhicAra karane para tIna varSoM vAlA prAyazcitta nirdhArita kiyA hai| aura dekhie mitAkSarA (yAjJa0 3 / 265) jahA~ mahApAtakoM ke atirikta anya vyabhicAra sambandhI prAyazcittoM kA varNana hai| hama unakI carcA nahIM kreNge| yadi koI strI svajAti yA kisI ucca jAti ke puruSa ke sAtha vyabhicAra karatI hai to use samAna-aparAdhI puruSa ke sadRza hI prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai (manu 11178 evaM bRhspti)| kiMtu yadi koI strI nIca jAti ke puruSa se vyabhicAra karatI hai to use dUsare prakAra kA prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai (dekhie Upara, vasiSTha 21 / 1-5 evaM saMvarta 167-172) / bRhadyama (4 / 48) ne pratiloma jAtiyoM ke vyabhicAra ko mahApApa kahA hai, kintu anuloma-vyabhicAra se zuddhi pAne ke lie vibhinna prAyazcittoM kI vyavasthA kI hai| vAtyatA (ucita samaya para upanayana saMskAra na karane kI sthiti)-jo vyakti ucita samaya para upanayana saMskAra nahIM karatA use vAtya yA patitasAvitrIka kahA jAtA hai| dekhie Azva0 gR0 sU0 (1 / 19 / 5-7), Apa0 dha0 sU0 (1 / 1 / 1 / 22-26), baudhA0 gR0 sU0 (3 / 13 / 5-6), vasiSTha0 (11 / 71-75), manu (2 / 36-39) evaM yAjJa0 (1 / 37-38) / isa saMbaMdha meM prAtyastoma evaM uddAlaka vrata (vasiSTha 11176-79 evaM gautama 1918) nAmaka prAyazcitta kucha granyoM dvArA nirdhArita haiM aura manu (11|191=vissnnu 54 / 26-27 = agni0 170 / 8-9) ne 3 kRcchoM evaM punarupanayana ke sampAdana kI vyavasthA dI hai| vasiSTha (11277) ne uddAlaka vrata kA yoM varNana kiyA hai-"do mAsoM taka jau kI lapasI para rahanA cAhie, eka mAsa taka dUdha para, Adhe mAsa taka AmikSA para, ATha dinoM taka ghI para,

Page #78
vyabhicAra, vrata-lopa, AruTa patita Adi ke prAyazcitta cha: dinoM taka binA bhikSA yA binA mA~ge, tIna dinoM taka jala para rahanA cAhie tathA eka dina pUrNa upavAsa karanA caahie|" Apa0 dha0 sU0 (1 / 1 / 1 / 24-27) ne vAtyatA kA eka anya prAyazcitta batalAyA hai| vrAtya yA patitasAvitrIka ke lie dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 7 / haradatta (Apa0 gha0 sU0 1 / 1 / 2 / 10) ke mata se yadi prapitAmaha ke pUrva kaI pIr3hiyA~ binA upanayana ke rahI haiM taba bhI vyakti ko ucita prAyazcitta ke uparAnta hindU dharma meM sammilita kiyA jA sakatA hai| kintu kucha granthakAroM ne Apastamba evaM parAzara ko zAbdika artha meM hI liyA hai aura kahA hai ki yadi prapitAmaha ke pitA se lekara aba taka upanayana na huA ho to vyakti ke lie kucha bhI nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vratalopa (brahmacArI dvArA brahmacarya-pAlana ke vata kI hAni kI sthiti)-vaha vaidika brahmacArI jo kisI strI se saMbhoga kara letA hai use avakoNoM kahA jAtA hai| taittirIyAraNyaka (2018) meM avakIrNI ke lie prathama bAra papa dvArA pratipAdita prAyazcitta kA ullekha hai| Apa0 dha0 sU0 (1 / 9 / 26 / 8-9) ne kahA hai ki aise vidyArthI ko pAkayajJa kI vidhi se niti (naraka yA matyu kI devI) ko gadahe kI bali denI cAhie aura kisI zUdra dvArA avaziSTa havi khA DAlI jAnI caahie| jaimini (6 / 8 / 22) ne kahA hai ki AhatiyA~ laukika agni meM dI jAnI cAhie na ki vaidika agni meN| vasiSTha (23 / 1-3) ne vyavasthA dI hai--"jaba vaidika vidyArthI strI-saMga karatA hai to use bana meM kisI catuSpatha (caurAhe) para laukika agni jalAkara rAkSasoM ke lie gardabha (gadahA) kI bali denI cAhie, yA use niRti ko bhAta kI Ahuti denI cAhie aura cAra AhutiyAM dekara yaha kahanA cAhie--"kAmapipAsA ko svAhA; usako jo usakI kAmalipsA kA anusaraNa karatA hai, svAhA; niti ko svAhA; rAkSasa devatA ko svaahaa|" yahI vyavasthA gautama (23 / 17-19), manu (11 / 118-123), baudhA0 dha0 sU0 (2 / 1 / 35-34), yAjJa0 (3 / 280), agnipurANa (169 / 15-18) evaM pAraskaragRhya0 (3 / 12) meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai, kintu gautama ne itanA jor3a diyA hai ki use miTTI ke pAtra meM sAta gharoM se varSa bhara bhikSA mAMganI cAhie aura apane duSkRtya kA udghoSa karate rahanA caahie| yadi koI saMnyAsI punaH gRhastha ho jAtA hai to usake lie saMvarta (171-172) ne chaH mAsoM kA kRcchra nirdhArita kiyA hai| aise vyakti kI pratyavasita saMjJA hai| yama (22-23), bahadayama (3-4) Adi nau prakAra diye haiM, yathA-jo jala, agni, udabandhana (jisake dvArA ve apanI hatyA kara DAlanA cAhate the) se baca nikale (lauTa Aye) haiM, ve jo saMnyAsAzrama se lauTa Aye haiM, yA AmaraNa anazana (upavAsa) se haTa gaye haiM, jo viSa, prapAta-pAta, dharNA (kisI ke ghara para dharanA dene) se baca gaye haiM (lauTa cuke haiM), jo AtmahatyA ke hetu kisI zastra ke vAra se baca gaye haiN| ye saMsarga ke yogya nahIM hote aura inakI zuddhi cAndrAyaNa yA do tapta kRcchoM se hotI haiN|" vRddha-parAzara (parA0 mA0, 2, bhAga 2, pa011 evaM prAya0 muktA0) kA kathana hai ki una saMnyAsiyoM ko jo punaH gRhastha 16. yasya prapitAmahasya piturArabhya nAnusmayaMta upanayanaM tatra prAyazcittaM noktam / dharmajailahitavyam / evaM tataH pUrveSvapi / haradatta (Apa050 sU0 1 / 1 / 2 / 10) / 17. tripuruSaM patitasAvitrIkANAmapatye saMskAro nAdhyApanaM c| pAra0 gR0 (25) / idaM vyAkhyAtaM haradasena bhaassykRtaa|...ysy prapitAmahasya piturArabhya nAnusmaryeta upanayanaM tasya prAyazcittaM noktamiti / tathA ca saMskAryasya tripuruSordhvamapi vrAtyatve kathamapi saMskAryasya upanayanaM na bhavatIti phalitam / praayshcittmuktaavlii| 18. jalAgnyubandhanabhraSTAH prvjyaanaashkcyutaaH| viSaprapatanaprAyazastraghAtahatAzca ye|| navate pratyavasitAH sarvalokabahiSkRtAH / cAndrAyaNena zudhyanti taptakRcchradvayena vA // yama (22-23, prAya0 sA0 pR0 126) /

Page #79
2072 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ho gaye haiM, cANDAla samajhA jAnA cAhie (unhoMne prAyazcitta kara liyA ho taba bhI ) aura saMnyAsacyuta ho jAne ke uparAnta unakI utpanna santAnoM ko cANDAloM ke sAtha rahanA cAhie / 13vIM zatAbdI meM yahI kaThora vyavahAra paiThana ke santa jJAnezvara evaM unake bhAiyoM ke sAtha kiyA gayA thaa| aise saMnyAsacyuta vyakti ko ArUDhapatita bhI kahA gayA hai ( parAzaramAdhavIya, 2 bhAga 1, pR0 373 ) / kucha viziSTa vyaktiyoM, asthi- jaise gande padArthoM (manu 5/87 ), rajasvalA nAriyoM, baccA janane ke uparAnta kucha dinoM taka nAriyoM evaM kuttoM, grAmazUkaroM, murgoM, kauoM Adi jIvoM ke chUne para zuddhi ke lie vistRta niyama bane hue haiN| sthAnAbhAva se hama unakA ullekha nahIM kreNge| kucha vacana udAharaNArtha de diye jAte haiM / gautama ( 14/28 ) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki patita, cANDAla, sUtikA ( jaccA), udakyA (rajasvalA), zava, spRSTi (jisane inako chU liyA hai), tatspRSTi (jisane usa sparza karanevAle ko chU liyA ho) ko chUne para vastra ke sAtha snAna kara lenA cAhie / yahI bAta manu (5 / 84) evaM yAjJa0 ( 3 / 30) ne bhI kahI hai| prAya0 vi0 ( pR0 495-499 ) ne isa prazna para vicAra kiyA hai ki sparza meM pratyakSa sparza evaM apratyakSa sparza donoM sammilita haiM ki nahIM aura anta meM yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki donoM prakAra ke sparza sparza hI haiN| usane ApastambasmRti ke AdhAra para kahA hai ki yadi eka hI DAla para koI brAhmaNa evaM cANDAla binA eka dUsare ko sparza kiye baiThe hoM to brAhmaNa kevala snAna dvArA zuddha ho sakatA hai / prAya0 prakaraNa ( pR0 110) ne yAjJa0 kA havAlA dekara kahA hai ki cANDAla, pukkasa, mleccha, bhilla evaM pArasIka tathA mahApAtakiyoM ko chUne para vastra ke sahita snAna karanA caahie| SaTtriMzanmata ne kahA hai- "bauddhoM, pAzupatoM, lokAyatikoM, nAstikoM, vikarmasthoM (jo niSiddha yA varjita karma karate haiM) ko chUne para sacaila (vastra sahita) jala meM praviSTa ho jAnA caahie| caitya vRkSa ( jisake cAroM ora cabUtarA banA ho), citi (jahA~ zava kI citA jalAyI jAtI hai yA jahA~ agnicayana ke zrauta kRtya ke lie IMToM kI vedikA banAyI jAtI hai), yUpa ( yajJa-saMbaMdhI stambha, jisameM bA~dhakara pazu bali dI jAtI hai), cANDAla, soma-vikretA ko chU lene para brAhmaNa ko vastrasahita jala meM praveza kara jAnA caahie|"" saMvarta (prAya0 vi0, pR0 472-473) ne mocI, dhobI, veNa (jo Dholaka Adi bajAtA hai, manu 10 / 19 evaM 49), dhIvara ( machalI mArane vAle), naTa Adi ko chUnevAle ko Acamana karane ko kahA hai| zAtAtapa kA kathana hai ki yadi dvija kA koI aMga ( sira ke atirikta) rajaka (raeNgareja), carmakAra (mocI), vyAdha ( baheliyA ), jAlopajIvI ( dhIvara), nirNejaka (dhobI), saunika (kasAI), Thaka (Thaga), zailUSa (naTa), mukhebhaga (jo mukha meM saMbhoga karane kI anumati detA hai), kuttA, sarvagA nitA ( vaha vezyA jo sabhI vargoM ko apane yahA~ sthAna detI hai ), cakrI (tela nikAlane vAlA), dhvajI (zauMDika yA madya vecanevAlA), vadhyaghAtI ( jallAda), grAmyazUkara, kukkuTa (murga) se chU jAya to aMga-prakSAlana karake Acamana karanA caahie| yadi ina logoM se sira chU jAya to snAna kara lenA caahie| isa silasile meM yaha jJAtavya hai ki hemAdri ne ( pR0 38) garur3apurANa evaM ( pR0 316) parAzara ko uddhRta kara grAma kI 16 jAtiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jinheM sparza karane, bolane evaM dekhane ke mAmaloM meM cANDAla kahA jAtA hai| " devala (hemAdri, prAyazcitta, pR0 312 ) kA kathana 19. tatra yAjJavalkyaH / cANDAlapukkasamlecchabhillapArasikAdikAn / mahApAtakinazcaiva spRSTvA snAyAt sacelakaH // prAya0 praka0 ( pR0 110 ) / aparArka ( pR0 923) ne isa zloka ko vRddhayAjJavalkya kA ThaharAyA hai| trizanmatam / bauddhAnpAzupatAMzcaiva lokAyatikanAstikAn / vikarmasthAn dvijAn spRSTvA sacailo jalamAvizet // prAya0 praka0 ( pR0 110) evaM smRticandrikA (1, pR0 118 ) / 20. carmAraM rajakaM veNaM dhIvaraM naTameva ca / etAn spRSTvA dvijo mohAdAcAmet prayato'pi san // saMvarta (prAya0

Page #80
aspRzya-sparza, jAtibhraSToM, dharmAntaragatoM, vrAtyoM kA zuddhIkaraNa hai ki cANDAla evaM turuSka (turka) samAna rUpa se nIca haiN| dekhie isa viSaya meM isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 4 / atri, zAtAtapa, bRhaspati Adi ne dhArmika utsavoM, vaivAhika julUsoM, yuddha, agni lagane, AkramaNa hone tathA anya ApattiyoM ke samaya meM aspRzyatA ke AdhAra para zuddhIkaraNa kI AvazyakatA nahIM ThaharAyI hai| ___ dAna-grahaNa meM brAhmaNoM ke samakSa smRtiyoM ne ucca Adarza rakhe haiN| sAmavidhAnabrAhmaNa (1 / 7 / 1-2) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki koI brAhmaNa vipatti na par3ane para kisI kSatriya se dAna grahaNa karatA hai to use eka mAsa taka kevala dina meM eka bAra bhojana karanA caahie| jala meM khar3e hokara 'mahat tat somo mahiSazcakAra' (sAmaveda 1 / 6 / 1 / 5 / 10, saMkhyA 542) kA pATha karanA cAhie aura yadi vaha kisI varjita vyakti se dAna letA hai to use kRccha prAyazcitta karanA cAhie, tathA 'trikadrukeSu' (sAmaveda 1 / 5 / 3 / 1, saM0 457) kA pATha karanA caahie| yAjJa0 (11140) kA kathana hai ki brAhmaNa ko kRpaNa yA lobhI evaM zAstraviruddha kArya karanevAle rAjA se dAna nahIM lenA caahie| manu (11 / 194, viSNu 54 / 24) ke mata se na lene lAyaka dAna ke grahaNa evaM gahita vyakti ke dAna grahaNa se jo pApa lagatA hai usase chuTakArA tIna sahasra gAyatrI-japa se yA eka mAsa meM kevala dUdha para rahane yA eka mAsa taka gozAlA meM rahane se ho jAtA hai| yaha avalokanIya hai ki mana (10 / 102-103) evaM yAjJa0 (3 / 41) ne Apatti se grasta brAhmaNa ko kisI se bhI dAna lene yA bhojana grahaNa karane, kisI ko bhI par3hAkara jIvikA calAne kI anumati dI hai aura kahA hai ki brAhmaNa to gaMgA ke jala evaM agni ke samAna pavitra hai, usa para isa kRtya se pApa nahIM lagatA, kyoMki jo pavitra hai vaha bhI azuddha ho sakatA hai aisA kahanA tarkahIna (anucina) hai| kintu manu (10 / 109) ne apAtra se dAna lene ke karma ko apAtra ko zikSA dene yA usakA paurohitya karane se adhika burA mAnA hai| brAhmaNa ko varjita padArtha becanA manA hai, yathAtila, taila, dadhi, kSaudra (madhu ), namaka, aMgUra, madya, pakvAnna, phuruSa yA nArI dAsI, hAthI, ghor3A, baila, sugandhi padArtha, rasa, kSauma (rezamI vastra), kRSNAjina (kAle hariNa kI khAla), soma, udaka (jala), nIlI (nIla raMga); inheM becane se vaha turata pApayukta ho jAtA hai| prAyazcitta-svarUpa use sira muMDAkara sAla bhara tapta kRcchaM karanA cAhie, dina meM tIna bAra jala-praveza karanA cAhie, eka hI gIlA vastra pahane rahanA cAhie, mauna vrata dhAraNa karanA cAhie, vIrAsana karanA cAhie, rAta meM baiTanA evaM dina meM khar3A rahanA cAhie aura gAyatrI kA japa karanA caahie| ___mlecchoM dvArA balapUrvaka apane dharma meM liye gaye hinduoM ke zuddhIkaraNa ke viSaya meM kucha smRtiyoM evaM nibandhoM ke vacana haiN| 'mleccha' zabda ke artha ke viSaya meM mataikya nahIM hai / zatapatha brAhmaNa (3 / 2 / 1123-24) se patA calatA hai ki ve azuddha bhASA kA prayoga karate the, yathA 'he'rayaH' ko helayaH' kahate the| parAzara (9 / 36) ne mlecchoM ko gomAMsabhakSaka kahA hai| prAya0 ta0 (pR0 549) ne smRtivacana uddhRta karake kahA hai ki mleccha gomAMsakhAdaka evaM virodhI vacana vi0, pR0 472-473) / rajakazcarmakRccaiva vyaadhjaalopjiivinau| nirNejakaH saunikazca ThakaH shailuusskstthaa| mukhabhagastathA zvA ca vanitA srvvrnngaa| cakrI dhvajI vadhyaghAtI grAmyazUkarakukkuTau / ebhiryadaGga saMspRSTaM zirovarja dvijAtiSu / toyena jhAlanaM kRtvA AcAntaH zucitAmiyAt // zAtAtapa (prAya0 vi0, pR0 473 evaM smRticandrikA 1, pR0 119) / prAya0 vi0 ne 'Thaka' kA artha 'dhUrta' batAyA hai aura yaha Aja 'Thaga' zabda kA maulika rUpa lagatA hai| smRticandrikA ne 'naTaH' ke sthAna para 'ThakaH' par3hA hai aura use eka jAtivizeSa mAnA hai| rajakazcarmakArazca naTo bururu eva c| kaivartamedabhillAzca svarNakArazca sauvikaH (sauvidaH?) // kAruko lohakArazca zilAbhedI tu naapitH| takSakastilayantrI ca sUnazcakrI tathA dhvjii| ete SoDazadhA proktAzcANDAlA praamvaasinH|| garuDapurANa (hemAdri prAyazcitta, pR0 38 evaM parAzara ke uddharaNa ke lie pR0 316) /

Page #81
2074 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa bolanevAle hote haiN| usane harivaMza ke vacana kA havAlA dete hue zakoM, yavanoM, kamboToM, pAradoM, pahalavoM ke vastroM evaM keza vinyAsa kA varNana kiyA hai|" dekhie isa viSaya meM isa grantha kA khaNDa 2 adhyAya 2, 7 evaM 28 / do-eka anya bAteM yahA~ dI jA rahI haiN| viSNudharmottarapurANa (2 / 73 203 - 206) ne kahA hai ki jaba mlecchoM yA AkramaNakAriyoM dvArA vyaktiyoM kA haraNa ho jAtA hai yA vana meM jAte hue logoM kA haraNa ho jAtA hai aura ve jaba punaH lauTakara svadeza meM cale Ate haiM, to varjita bhojana karane ke kAraNa unake lie jo prAyazcitta nirdhArita hotA hai vaha unake varNa- vizeSa para nirbhara hai, yathA brAhmaNa ko AdhA kRccha evaM punarupanayana karanA par3atA hai, kSatriya ko tIna cauthAI kRccha aura punarupanayana karanA par3atA hai, vaizya ko cauthAI kRcchra evaM zUdra ko cauthAI kRcchra tathA dAna denA par3atA hai| manu ( 8/169 ), viSNu ( 816-7 ) evaM yAjJa0 (2289 ) ne ghoSaNA kI hai ki jo balavaza diyA, balavaza adhikRta kiyA jAya, balavaza likhita karAyA jAya tathA jo kucha bhI vinimaya yA AdAna-pradAna balavaza ho, vaha avaidhAnika hotA hai / Ajakala ina kathanoM kA upayoga kara zuddhi kI jA sakatI hai aura bichur3e hue logoM ko hindU dharma ke antargata lAyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra lauTAye gaye logoM ke viSaya meM parAvartana zabda kA upayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| isI prayoga dvArA kucha niyamoM meM parivartana karake ahindU ko bhI hindU banAyA jA sakatA hai| prAcIna kAla meM vrAtyastoma ke sampAdana dvArA anya logoM ko hindU jAti meM lAyA jAtA thaa| dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 7 evaM khaNDa 3, adhyAya 34, jahA~ jAvA, bAla, sumAtrA, syAma Adi dakSiNa-pUrvI dezoM ke logoM ke hindU banane kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| rUsI ajarabaijAna deza kI rAjadhAnI bAkU ke pAsa suruhanI ke jvAlAjI agni mandira meM prApta 18vIM evaM 19vIM zatAbdI ke kucha zilAlekhoM se patA calatA hai ki hindU yAtrI vahA~ jAte the aura unhoMne hI unheM aMkita karAyA thaa| ina zilAlekhoM kA Arambha gaNeza kI prazasti se hotA hai| eka zloka yoM hai- " zlokaH / devayajJe vrate tIrthe satpAtra brahmabhojane / pitRzrAddhe jaTIhaste ghanaM vrajati dharmyatAm // " manu (11 / 124 - viSNu 38 / 7) ne uparyukta sabhI jAtibhraMzakara karma jJAna se karane para sAntapana evaM ajJAna meM karane para prAjApatya prAyazcitta kI vyavasthA dI hai, aura una karmoM ke karane para, jinheM Upara saMkarIkaraNa yA apAtrIkaraNa kahA gayA hai, eka mAsa taka cAndrAyaNa karane ko kahA hai ( manu 9 | 125 ) ; isI prakAra malAvaha karmoM ke lie kartA ko tIna dinoM taka kevala jau kI lapasI para rahane ko kahA hai| ye manuvacana agni0 ( 170 / 23-25) meM bhI pAye jAte haiN| viSNu (39 / 2, 40 2 evaM 41 / 5 ) ne saMkarIkaraNa, apAtrIkaraNa yA malinIkaraNIya duSkarmoM ke lie kucha bhinna prAyazcittoM kI vyavasthA dI hai| yama evaM bRhaspati ke vacanoM ke lie dekhie mitAkSarA ( yAjJa0 3 / 290 ) / anya prakAra ke 21. bomAMsakhAdako yazca viruddha bahu bhASate / sarvAcAravihInazca mleccha ityabhidhIyate / / baudhA0 ( prAya0 ta0, pR0 549; sagaraH svAM pratijJAM ca gurorvAkyaM nizamya ca / dharmaM jaghAna teSAM vai veSAnyatvaM cakAra ha // ardha zakAnAM ziraso muNDaM kRtvA vyasarjayat / yavanAnAM ziraH sarvaM kAmbojAnAM tathaiva ca / pAradA muktakezAzca pahlavAH zmazrudhAriNaH / niHsvAdhyAyavaSaTkArAH kRtAstena mahAtmanA // zakA yavanakAmbojAH pAradAzca vizAMpate / kolisarpAH samahiSAH dAdyazcalAH sakeralAH / sarve te kSatriyAstAta dharmasteSAM nirAkRtaH / harivaMza harivaMzaparva ( 14/15 - 19; prAya0 ta0 pR0 549 ) / 22. mleccha tAnAM corairvA kAntAre vA pravAsinAm / bhakSyAbhakSyavizuddhayarthaM teSAM vakSyAmi niSkRtim // punaH prApya svadezaM ca varNAnAmanupUrvazaH / kRcchasyArdhe brAhmaNastu punaH saMskAramarhati / / pAdonAnte kSatriyastu arko vaizya eva ca / pAdaM kRtvA tathA zUdro dAnaM datvA vizudhyati // viSNudharmottara ( 2073 / 203 - 206 ) /

Page #82
prAyazcitta karate samaya ke anya kartavya 1075 prakIrNaka pAtakoM ke lie mana (11 / 209), viSNu (42 / 2) evaM yAjJa0 (3 / 294) ne kahA hai ki brAhmaNoM ko duSkarmoM ke svabhAva, kartAoM kI yogyatA tathA kAla, sthAna Adi saMbaMdhI anya paristhitiyoM para vicAra kara vyavasthA denI cAhie / 23 kucha nibandhoM ne prAyazcitta-sampAdana ke lie viziSTa samaya nirdhArita kiye haiN| hArIta ne prathama niyama yaha diyA hai ki vizvasanIyatA, pyAra, lAlaca, bhaya yA asAvadhAnI se kiye gaye kisI anucita yA pApamaya karma kA zuddhIkaraNa tatkSaNa honA caahie| dakSa (2 / 73 ) ne kahA hai ki naimittika evaM kAmya viSayoM meM derI nahIM karanI cAhie, arthAt samaya ke anusAra hI unakA sampAdana niyamavihita hotA hai / pApa karane ke uparAnta yadi eka varSa se adhika ho jAya aura zuddhIkaraNa na huA ho to manu evaM devala ke anusAra dUnA prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai| prAya0 ta0 ( pR0 474, 512 ) ne vyavahAracintAmaNi evaM eka jyotiSa-grantha kA uddharaNa dete hue kahA hai ki prAyazcitta evaM parIkSaNa kArya (divya) mahIne kI aSTamI aura caturdazI tithi ko nahIM karanA cAhie aura na vivAha evaM parIkSaNa kArya zanivAra evaM budhavAra ko honA cAhie / prAyazcittenduzekhara ( pR0 15 ) ne kahA hai ki ziSToM ke mata se saMkalpa caturdazI tithi ko kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu vAstavika kRtya amAvasyA ko karanA caahie| yadi aparAdhI sUtaka meM par3A ho to sUtakakAla ke uparAnta prAyazcitta karanA cAhie / ziSToM kI pariSad dvArA vyavasthita prAyazcittoM kI vidhi ke viSaya meM jo bAteM kahI gayI haiM unameM samayasamaya para antara par3atA calA gayA hai| gautamadharmasUtra (26 / 6-17) ne kRccha ke sampAdana kI vidhi yoM dI hai--'yadi pApI pApa se zIghra mukta honA cAhe to use dina meM khar3A evaM rAtri meM baiThA rahanA cAhie ( arthAt use rAtri meM baiThakara hI sonA cAhie, leTakara nahIM), use satya bolanA cAhie, anAryoM (zUdra Adi) se bAtacIta nahIM karanI cAhie, dina meM tIna bAra snAna karanA cAhie, mArjana karanA cAhie (kuza se jala lekara mantroM kA uccAraNa karate hue sira evaM anya aMgoM para chir3akanA cAhie), 'Apo hiSThA' Adi (Rgveda 10 / 9 / 1-3) mantroM, pavitravatI mantroM evaM tai0 saM0 (5/6/1|1-8) ke ATha mantroM kA pATha karanA caahie| isake uparAnta 13 mantroM ke Adi meM 'namaH' evaM anta meM 'namaH' kA uccAraNa karate hue tarpaNa (jala lekara) karanA cAhie ( pratyeka mantra meM krama se 6, 4, 4, 13, 2, 2, 2, 6, 5, 2, 2, 6 evaM 2 devatAoM ke nAma hone caahie)| yaha prAyazcittI ke lie Aditya (sUrya) kA pUjana hai| vaha 13 mantroM ke sAtha ghI kI AhutiyA~ detA hai| isa prakAra vaha 12 dina vyatIta kara detA hai| terahaveM dina vaha agni, soma, agni evaM soma, indra evaM agni, indra, vizvedevoM, brahmA, prajApati, sviSTakRt agni ko 9 AhutiyA~ detA hai| isake uparAnta vaha brahmabhoja karatA hai|' Apa dha0 sU0 (2 / 6 / 15 / 9 ) ne eka sAmAnya niyama yaha diyA hai ki brahmabhoja meM kevala zuciyukta (sadAcArI) evaM mantravAn (vedajJa) brAhmaNoM ko hI nimantrita karanA caahie|" baughA0 gha0 sU0 (211195 - 99 ) ne vyava 23. naimittikAni kAmyAni nipatanti yathA yathA / tathA tathA hi kAryANi na kAlaM tu vilambayet // bakSa (2/73; prAya0 ta0, 10512) / yathA smRtisAgare devalaH / kAlAtireke dviguNaM prAyazcittaM samAcaret / dviguNaM rAjadaNDaM ca sva zuddhimavApnuyAt // kAlAtireke saMvatsarAtireke / saMvatsarAbhizastasya duSTasya dviguNo damaH / iti manuvacane / prAya0 ta0, pR0 474 / yaha manu (81374) hai / 'tasmAdvizrambhAt snehAd lobhAd bhayAtpramAdAdvA azubhaM kRtvA sadyaH zaucamArabhet' iti hArItena sadyaHkaraNemuktam / atrApi vyavahAracintAmaNI vizeSaH / nASTamyAM na caturdazyAM prAya.zcitaparIkSaNe / na parIkSA vivAhazca zanibhauma dine tathA // prAya0 ta0, pR0 474 / 24. zucInmantravataH sarvakRtyeSu bhojayet / Apa0 0 sU0 ( 226 1519) / 63

Page #83
1076 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa sthA dI hai ki kRccha prAyazcitta meM dina meM tIna bAra snAna karanA cAhie, pRthivI para hI sonA cAhie, kevala eka vastra dhAraNa karanA cAhie, sira, mUMcha evaM zarIra ke bAla tathA nakha kaTA lene caahie| yahI niyama striyoM ke lie bhI hai, ve kevala sira ke bAla nahIM kttaatiiN| mana (11 / 222-225) ne kahA hai ki sabhI prAyazcittoM meM mahAvyAhRtiyoM ke sAtha homa prati dina honA cAhie; pApI ko ahiMsA, satya, krodha-vivarjana, RjutA kA pAlana karanA cAhie: vastroM ke sAtha dina meM tIna bAra aura rAtri meM tIna bAra snAna karanA cAhie; zUdra, patita evaM striyoM se bAtacIta nahIM karanI cAhie; dina meM khar3e evaM rAtri meM baiThe rahanA cAhie yA yadi koI aisA karane meM ayogya ho to use pRthivI (sthaNDila yA cabUtarA) para sonA cAhie; brahmacarya pAlana karanA cAhie, vidyArthI ke niyamoM (yathA-mUMja kI mekhalA, palAzadaNDa ghAraNa Adi) kA pAlana karanA cAhie / devoM, brAhmaNoM evaM gurujanoM kA sammAna karanA cAhie aura lagAtAra gAyatrI evaM pavitra vacanoM kA pATha karanA caahie| yahI vyavasthA vasiSTha (2415) ne bhI dI hai| yAjJa0 (31312-13) ke vacana mahattvapUrNa haiN| prAyazcittoM ke lie yamoM (brahmacarya, dayA, sahiSNutA, satya, ahiMsA Adi) evaM niyamoM (snAna, mauna, upavAsa, zucitA Adi) kA pAlana ati Avazyaka hai| laugAkSigRhya0 (5 / 3-11) ne prAyazcittoM kI vidhi dI hai| yAjJa0 (3 / 325) ne kahA hai ki kRccha yA cAndrAyaNa prAyazcitta karate samaya tIna bAra snAna karanA cAhie, pavitra mantroM (jaisA ki vasiSTha 28 / 11-15 ne kahA hai) kA pATha karanA cAhie aura usa bhAta ke piNDoM ko khAnA cAhie jina para gAyatrI mantra kA pATha huA ho| zakha (18 / 12-14) ne prAyazcitta kI vidhi batAyI hai| prAyazcittoM kI vidhi ke viSaya meM madanapArijAta (pR0 781-784), prAya0 vi0 (pR0 503-506), prAya0 sAra (pR0 31, 32 evaM 202203), prAya0 tattva (pR0 497-510, 523-524), prAya0 mayUkha (pR0 18-21), prAya0 prakAza, prAyazcittenduzekhara (pR0 15 evaM 88) Adi ne vistAra ke sAtha varNana kiyA hai| kintu hama unheM yahA~ ullikhita karanA anAvazyaka samajhate haiN| saMkSepa meM vidhi yoM hai--prAyazcitta Arambha karane ke eka dina pUrva nakha evaM bAla kaTA lene cAhie; miTTI, gobara, pavitra jala Adi se snAna kara lenA cAhie; ghRta pInA cAhie, ziSToM kI pariSad dvArA vyavasthita niyamoM ke pAlana kI ghoSaNA karanI caahie| dUsare dina vyakti ko snAna karanA cAhie, zrAddha karanA cAhie,paMcagavya pInA cAhie, homa karanA cAhie, sonA, gAya Adi brAhmaNoM ko dakSiNA meM denA cAhie aura unheM bhoja denA caahie| parAzara (1112) kA kathana hai ki prAyazcitta ke uparAnta paMcagavya pInA cAhie tathA prAyazcitta karane vAle brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya evaM zadra ko krama se eka, do, tIna yA cAra gAyeM dAna denI caahie| jAbAli kA kahanA hai ki prAyazcitta ke AraMbha evaM anta meM smArta agni meM vyAhRtiyoM ke sAtha ghI kI AhutiyA~ denI cAhie, zrAddha karanA cAhie evaM sone tathA gAya kI dakSiNA denI caahie| dekhie aparArka (pR0 1230) evaM parA0 mAdha0 (2, bhAga 2,pR0 192) jahA~ jAbAli kA uddharaNa diyA huA hai| prAya0 prakAza kA kathana hai ki mahArNava ke mata se vyAhRti-homa kI saMkhyA 28 yA 108 honI caahie| vapana yA muNDana ke viSaya meM bhI kucha likha denA Avazyaka hai| taittirIya brAhmaNa (115 / 6 / 1-2) meM AyA hai-"asuroM ne sarvaprathama sira ke bAla muMDAye, usake uparAnta mUMche muMDavA dI aura taba kA~kheM, isI se ve nIce gire (yA unakA mukha nIcA huA) aura parAbhUta hue; kintu devoM ne sarvaprathama kA~khoM ke bAla banavAye, unake uparAnta mUMcha banavAyIM aura taba sira ke bAla kttaaye|" prAya prakAza ne isa kathana ko vimasta rUpa meM uddhRta karake vapana ke tIna prakAra diye haiM; deva (devoM kA), Asura (asuroM kA) evaM mAnuSa (mAnavoM kaa)| inameM Asura varjita hai aura vaidika agniyoM ko 25. muNDastriSavaNasnAyI adhaHzAyI jitendriyH| strIzapatitAnAM ca varjayetparibhASaNam // pavitrANi japecchaktyA juhuyAccaiva shktitH| ayaM vidhiH sa vijJeyaH sarvakRccheSu sarvadA ||shNkh (18 / 12-13) /

Page #84
muNDana (bAla kaTAne) ko avasthA 1077 prajvalita karane meM, iSTiyoM evaM somayajJoM meM daiva prakAra kA prayoga hotA hai| kintu prAyazcittoM meM koI viziSTa vidhi nahIM hai, koI bhI vidhi vikalpa rUpa se prayukta ho sakatI hai| kaI avasaroM para zira-muNDana kI vyavasthA hai, yathA-tIrthayAtrA meM, prayAga meM, mAtA yA pitA kI mRtyu pr| vyartha meM zira-muNDana nahIM karAnA cAhie (viSNupurANa, prAya0 ta0, pR0 489) / inhIM avasaroM meM prAyazcittoM kI gaNanA bhI hotI hai| bAta aisI hai ki jaba koI pApa kiyA jAtA hai to vaha bAloM meM kendrita ho jAtA hai, aisA madanapArijAta evaM prAya0 mayUkha kA kathana hai|26 gautama (27 / 2), vasiSTha (2415), baughA0 gha0 sU0 (2 / 1 / 98-99) Adi ne sira evaM dAr3hI-mUMcha ke bAloM (bha.hoM, zikhA evaM kaTibandha ke bAloM ko chor3akara) ke vapana kI vyavasthA dI hai| kucha apavAda bhI haiN| dakSa ne unake lie jinake pitA jIvita haiM aura jinakI patniyAM garbhavatI haiM, zira-muNDana, piNDadAna, zava-vahana evaM preta-karma varjita mAnA hai| kintu yaha varjanA prAyazcittoM ke lie nahIM prayukta hotii| baudhAyana ne striyoM ke prAyazcittoM meM sira-muNDana varjita ThaharAyA hai| aMgirA (163), ApastambasmRti (1333-34), bRhadyama (3 / 16), vRddhahArIta (9 / 388), parAzara (9 / 54-55), aura yama (54155) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki sadhavA vivAhita striyoM evaM kumAriyoM ke bAla bA~dha dene cAhie aura kevala do aMgula bAla kATa dene caahie| vidhavAoM evaM saMnyAsiyoM kA pUrNa zira-muNDana honA caahie| parAzara (9 / 52-54) tathA zaMkha (parA0 mA0, 2, mAga 1,pR0 290-291) ke mata se rAjA, rAjakumAra yA vidvAn brAhmaNoM ko zira-muNDana ke lie bAdhya nahIM karanA cAhie, pratyuta unheM dUnA prAyazcitta karanA cAhie aura dUnI dakSiNA bhI denI caahie| mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 325) ne manu ko uddhRta kara (yaha vacana mudrita manusmRti meM nahIM upalabdha hai) kahA hai ki vidvAn brAhmaNoM evaM rAjAoM ko zira-muNDana nahIM karAnA cAhie, kintu mahApAtakoM evaM govadha karane para evaM avakIrNI hone para yaha niyama nahIM lAgU hotaa| mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 264) ne saMvarta kA havAlA dete hue kahA hai ki jaba prAyazcitta cauthAI ho to gale ke nIce ke bAla, jaba AdhA ho to mUMchoM ke sahita bAla bhI, jaba tIna cauthAI ho to zikhA ko chor3a sabhI bAla aura jaba pUrNa ho to zikhA ke bAla bhI kATe jAne caahie| parA0 mAdhavIya (2, bhAga 1, pR0 300) ne kahA hai ki cAndrAyaNa vrata meM guptAMgoM ke sahita zarIra ke sabhI sthAnoM kA vapana ho jAnA caahie| vapana-kArya nApita karatA hai, taba bhI saMkalpa-vacana 'vapanaM kariSye' hai na ki 'vapanaM kaaryissye|' gautama (27 / 3) meM AyA hai-'vapanaM vrataM caret' jo cAndrAyaNa ke viSaya meM AyA hai, isI se haradatta Adi ne anumAna lagAyA hai ki kRccha meM vapana anAvazyaka hai| prAyazcitta meM snAna hotA hI hai aura vaha bhasma, gobara, miTTI, jala, paMcagavya evaM kuza DAle hue jala se sampAdita hotA hai| snAna karane ke samaya jina mantroM kA pATha kiyA jAtA hai ve liMgapurANa tathA bhaviSyapurANa meM evaM anyatra diye hue haiN| prAyazcitta karate samaya kucha yamoM evaM niyamoM kA pAlana gupta rUpa se yA prakaTa rUpa se karate rahanA caahie| isa viSaya meM hamane yAjJavalkya (3 // 312-313) ke vacana Upara par3ha liye haiN| atri (48-49) ne yamoM evaM niyamoM ko dUsare DhaMga se vyakta kiyA hai| meghAtithi (manu 41208=atri 48) ne manu kI vyAkhyA yoM kI hai--yama varjanA (niSedha) ke rUpa meM hote haiM, yathA-brAhmaNa ko nahIM mAranA cAhie, tathA niyama kiye jAne (vidhi) ke artha meM prayukta hote haiM, yathA-veda kA pATha sadA karanA cAhie (manu 41147) / 26. yAni kAni ca pApAni brahmahatyAsamAni c| kezAnAzritya tiSThanti tasmAtkezAnvapAmyaham // iti mantramupasthA kakSopasthazikhAvaja krameNa madhUpapalakezAnubaksaMsthAna vApayet / yatividhavAdInAM sazikhaM vapanam / brahmahaspAviSvapi sazikhaM sarvAgalomnAM ca / prAya0 me0 (pR0 19) /

Page #85
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa prAyazcitta karate samaya bhojana Adi ke viSaya meM kucha niyamoM kA pAlana Avazyaka ThaharAyA gayA hai| hArIta ke mata se mASa evaM masUra kI dAla prAyazcitta ke samaya nahIM khAnI cAhie, madhu kA sevana bhI vajyaM hai aura isI prakAra dUsare kA bhojana yA dUsare ke ghara meM bhojana nahIM karanA cAhie, saMbhoga se dUra rahanA cAhie, anucita samaya para nahIM bolanA cAhie, yadi striyoM, zUdroM yA ucchiSToM se bAta ho jAya to Acamana karanA caahie| yama ne Adeza diyA hai ki prAyazcitta karate samaya zarIra mardana karAnA, sira meM tela lagavAnA, tAmbUla khAnA, aMjana lagAnA yA una vastuoM kA sevana karanA, jinase kAmoddIpana hotA hai yA zakti AtI hai, varjita hai / 1078 prA0 prakAza ke mata se prAyazcitta Arambha karate samaya 'agne vratapate vrataM cariSyAmi' ( vratoM ke pati agni, maiM vrata kA sampAdana karU~gA ) mantra par3hanA cAhie aura anta karate samaya 'agne vratapate vratamacAriSaM tadazakaM tanme rAdhi' ( vratoM ke svAmI, maiMne vrata kara liyA hai, mujhe yaha karane kI zakti thI, yaha mere lie zubha ho) kA pATha karanA caahie| * prAyazcitta ke do prakAra haiM; prakaTa ( bAhya rUpa meM kiyA jAnevAlA) evaM rahasya ( gupta rUpa se kiyA jAnevAlA) / antima ke viSaya meM do-eka zabda yahA~ diye jA rahe haiN| isa viSaya meM gautama ( 24 / 1 - 11 ), vasiSTha ( 25 / 1-3), manu, (11 / 248-265), yAjJa0 ( 3 / 301-305), viSNu (55) Adi ne niyama diye haiN| yadi koI pApa kisI anya ko na jJAta ho to rahasya prAyazcitta kiyA jA sakatA / vyabhicAra evaM mahApAtakiyoM ke saMsarga se utpanna pApa ke lie bhI rahasya prAyazcitta kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi donoM bAteM krama se usa nArI evaM mahApAtakI ko jJAta rahatI haiM jinake sAtha vyakti ne vyabhicAra evaM saMsarga sthApita kiyA thA / vasiSTha ( 25-2 ) ne eka sAmAnya niyama yaha diyA hai ki rahasya - prAyazcitta kA adhikAra kevala usI ko hai jo agnihotra karatA hai, jo anuzAsita evaM vinIta hai, vRddha hai yA vidvAn hai / prakAza-prAyazcitta anya logoM ke lie hai| yadi vyakti svayaM prAyazcitta kA jJAtA hai to use ziSToM kI pariSad meM jAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM par3atI, vaha kisI jAnakAra vyakti se sAmAnya DhaMga se. . pUcha le sakatA hai / vasiSTha ( 25 / 3 ) kA kathana hai ki jo sadaiva prANAyAma, pavitra vacanoM, dAnoM, homoM evaM japa meM lipta rahate haiM ve pApa se mukta ho jAte haiN| manu (11 / 226) kA kathana hai ki jinake pApa janatA meM prakaTa nahIM hue haiM, ve homoM evaM mantroM se zuddha ho sakate haiN| striyA~ evaM zUdra bhI rahasya - prAyazcitta kara sakate haiN| yadyapi ve homa nahIM kara sakate evaM vaidika mantroM kA japa nahIM kara sakate, kintu ve dAnoM evaM prANAyAma se zuddhi pA sakate haiM (mitA0, yAjJa0 3 / 300 ) / gautama ( 26 2 ) evaM manu (11 / 253) kA kahanA hai ki jo varjita dAna prApta karanA cAhatA hai, yA jo aisA dAna grahaNa kara letA hai| use pAnI meM kamara taka khar3e hokara 'tarat sa mandi' (Rgveda 10 / 58 / 1-4) se Arambha honevAle cAra mantroM kA pATha karanA cAhie / gautama ( 2416) ne brahma-ghAtaka ke lie prathama dasa dinoM taka dUdha para, punaH dasa dinoM taka ghI para aura punaH dasa dinoM taka jala para rahane ko kahA hai aura vaha bhI kevala eka bAra prAtaHkAla, aura kahA hai ki use gIle vastra dhAraNa karane cAhie aura prati dina ATha aMgoM ke nAma se pratIkAtmaka ghRtAhutiyA~ denI cAhie, jo nimna haiM-- zarIra ke bAla, nakha, carma, mAMsa, rakta, mAMsapeziyA~, haDDiyA~ evaM majjA, aura anta meM kahanA cAhie 'maiM mRtyu ke mukha meM AhutiyA~ de rahA hU~ / ' yAjJa0 ( 3 / 301 ) ke mata se usako dasa dinoM taka upavAsa karanA cAhie, jala meM khar3e hokara aghamarSaNa sUkta (R0 10 / 190 ) kA japa karanA cAhie, eka dudhArU gAya denI caahie| kintu viSNu kA kathana hai ki use kisI bahatI nadI meM eka mAsa taka snAna karanA cAhie, prati dina 16 prANAyAma karane cAhie aura kevala eka bAra yajJiya bhojana karanA cAhie, taba kahIM use zucitA prApta ho sakatI hai| viSNu ke mata se surApAna karanevAlA brahma hatyA ke lie vyavasthita vrata kA pAlana karake evaM aghamarSaNa kA pATha karake zuddha ho sakatA hai; brAhmaNa ke sone kI corI karanevAlA tIna dinoM kA upavAsa karake evaM gAyatrI kA dasa sahasra bAra japa karake pavitra ho sakatA hai aura mAtA, bahina, putrI, putravadhU Adi se vyabhicAra karanevAlA 'sahasrazIrSA ( R0 10 190 ) Adi 16 mantroM kA pATha karake zuddha ho sakatA hai|

Page #86
prAyazcittoM ke pratyAmnAya (pratinidhi) 1079 RSiyoM ne dekhA ki prAcIna smRtiyoM meM varNita kucha prAyazcitta bar3e bhayAvaha evaM maraNAntaka haiM, ataH unhoMne kramazaH apekSAkRta adhika udAra evaM saralayazcittoM kI vyavasthA kii| udAharaNArtha hArIta kA kathana hai ki dharmazAstrajJa brAhmaNoM ko aparAdhI kI vaya (avasthA), kti evaM kAla ko dekhakara hI prAyazcitta kI vyavasthA denI cAhie, prAyazcitta aisA honA cAhie ki prANoM kI hAni na ho aura vaha zuddha ho jAya ; aisI vyavasthA nahIM honI cAhie ki pApI ko mahAn kaSTa yA Apatti kA sAmanA karanA pdd'e|" aMgirA ne bhI kahA hai ki sarvasammati se pariSad dvArA aisI hI prAyazcittavyavasthA denI cAhie ki jIvana-hAni na ho| zaMkha ne ghoSita kiyA hai ki "brAhmaNa ko coroM, bhayAnaka pazaoM, hAthiyoM evaM anya pazuoM se AkIrNa vana meM jIvanabAdhA ke bhaya se prAyazcitta sampAdana nahIM karanA caahie| zarIra meM hI dharma ke pAlana kA mUla hai, ataH vaha rakSaNIya hai| jisa prakAra jala parvata se nikalakara srota banatA hai usI prakAra dharma zarIra se Acarita hokara saMcita kiyA jA sakatA hai|"28 samaya ke parivartana ke sAtha prAyazcittoM ke badale pratyAmnAya nAmaka saralatama prAyazcitta-pratinidhiyoM kI vyavasthA kI gyii| Apa0 zrI. sU0 (5/20118- yadyanADhyo'gnInAdadhIta kAmamevaikAM gAM dadyAta sA gavAM pratyAmnAyo bhavatIti vijJAyate; 6 / 30 / 9), zAMkhA0 zrau0 sU0 (1415116) evaM anya sUtroM ne isI artha meM pratyAmnAya zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| saMvarta kA kathana hai ki yadi pApI prAjApatya prAyazcitta karane meM samartha na ho to vaha usake sthAna para eka gAya kA dAna kare aura yadi gAya na de sake to usakA mulya de (parA0mA0, 2, bhAga 1, pR. 197; prAya0 sAra pR0 203; prAya0 tattva pa0 517 evaM 541) / parAzara (2 / 63-64) ne prAjApatya ke cAra pratinidhi batalAye haiM, yathA--gAyatrI mantra (R0 3162 / 10) kA dasa sahasra bAra japa, 200 prANAyAma, pratyeka bAra sira sukhAkara kisI pavitra jalAzaya meM bAraha bAra snAna tathA kisI pavitra sthAna kI do yojana yaatraa| gautama (19 / 16) se patA calatA hai ki prAyazcitta meM gAya kA pratinidhi sonA hai| brahmapurANa kA kathana hai ki gAya ke sthAna para eka yA AdhA yA cauthAI niSka diyA jA sakatA hai| caviMzatimata ne prAjApatya ke lie katipaya pratyAmnAyoM kI 27. yayAvayo yathAkAlaM yathAprANaM ca braahmnne| prAyazcittaM pradAtavyaM braahmnnairdhrmpaatthkaiH|| yena zuddhimavApnoti na ca prANaviyujyate / Arti vA mahatIM yAti na caitad vratamAdizet // hArIta (parA0 mA0 2, bhAga 1, pR0 235); parSatsaMcintya tatsarva prAyazcittaM vinirdizet / sarveSAM nizcitaM yatsyAdyacca prANAn na ghAtayet // aMgirA (parA0 mA0 2, bhAga 1, pR0 236; madanapArijAta, pR0 779) / 28. taskarazvApadAkIrNa bahuvyAlamRge vne| na vrataM brAhmaNaH kuryAtprANabAdhAbhayAtsadA // zarIraM dharmasarvasvaM ramaNIyaM prytntH| zarIrAt sravate dharmaH parvatAtsalilaM yathA // zaMkha (17 / 63 evaM 65; madanapArijAta pR0 728, aparArka pR0 1231) / aparArka ne eka anya zloka bhI jor3a diyA hai--'sarvato jIvitaM rakSejjIvanpApaM vyapohati / vataH kRcchrastathA dArityAha bhgvaanymH|| (zaMkha 17.64) / 29. prAjApatyavratAzaktI dhenuM dadyAtpayasvinIm / dhenorabhAve dAtavyaM tulyaM mUlyaM na sNshyH|| saMvarta (parA0 mA0 2, bhAga 2, pR0 197; prAya0 sAra, pR0 203; prAya0 ta0, pR0 517 evaM 541) / mitA0 (yAjJa0 33326) ne ise smRtyantara mAnA hai, aura dUsarA AdhA isa prakAra jor3A hai-"mUlyArdhamapi niSkaM vA tadargha shktypekssyaa|" isa zloka ko aparArka (pR0 1248) ne mArkaNDeyapurANa kA mAnA hai| prAjApatyakRcchrasya caturaH pratyAmnAyAnAha; kRcchaM devyayutaM baMba prANAyAmazatavayam / puNyatI nAziraHsnAnaM dvAdazasaMkhyayA // dviyojane tIrthayAtrA kRcchaMmekaM prakalpitam // parAzara (12 / 63-54) evaM parA0 mA0 (2, bhAga 2, pR0 47) / mUlyaM ca yathAzakti deyam / ata eva brahmapurANe

Page #87
1080 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa vyavasthA dI hai, yathA-dasa sahasra bAra gAyatrI-japa, jala meM khar3A rahanA, brAhmaNa ko godAna (prAjApatya ko lekara)ye cAra samAna haiM, aura tila ke sAtha homa, sampUrNa vaidika saMhitA kA pATha, bAraha brAhmaNoM kA bhojana evaM pAvakeSTi samAna kahe gaye haiN| caturvizatimata ke anusAra prAjApatya kA pratinidhi eka gAya kA dAna hai, sAntapana kA pratyAmnAya (pratinidhi) do gaue~ haiM tathA parAka, taptakRccha evaM atikRccha kA pratyAmnAya tIna gaue~ tathA cAndrAyaNa ke lie ATha gaue~ hai| ina sarala se saralatara evaM saralatama vidhiyoM kA phala yaha huA hai ki madhya kAla meM mahApAtakoM ke pratyAmnAya brahma-bhoja, dhana-dAna yA anya dAnoM taka cale aaye| udAharaNArtha, mitA0 (yAza0 3 // 326) kA kathana hai ki 12 varSoM ke prAyazcitta ke sthAna para vikalpa se 360 prAjApatya kiye jA sakate haiM, pratyeka prAjApatya 12 dinoM taka calatA rahegA; yadi vyakti yaha bhI na kara sake to vaha 360 dudhArU gauoM kA dAna kara de; kintu yadi yaha asambhava ho to unake barAbara mUlya yA 360 niSka de yA aisA na kara sakane para inakA AdhA yA cauthAI mUlya dAna kre| yAjJa0 (31309) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki gAyatrI ke sAtha eka lAkha homa kiyA jA sakatA hai yA tila-dAna ke sAtha brAhmaNoM dvArA veda-pATha karAyA jA sakatA hai| vasiSTha (28||18-19=atri 617-8) evaM viSNu (90110) kA kathana hai ki vaizAkha kI pUrNimA ko sAta yA pAMca brAhmaNoM ko madhu evaM tila ke sAtha bhojana dene se vyakti sabhI pApoM se mukta ho jAtA hai| ye vyavasthAe~ madhya kAla ke adhikAMza granthoM meM dI huI haiM, yathA-smRtyarthasAra (pR0 149, 155), prAyazcittasAra (pR. 203), prAyazcittatattva (pR0 517, 541), prAyazcittamayUkha (pR0 18) aadi| inhIM vyavasthAoM ke phalasvarUpa Ajakala ke loga marate samaya eka yA adhika gauoM kA dAna yA purohitoM ko dhana-dAna dekara apane pApoM kA prAyazcitta kara lete haiN| madhyakAla ke lekhakoM ne dudhArU gauoM, sAdhAraNa gauoM evaM bailoM ke mUlya ke viSaya meM likhakara manoraMjaka jAnakArI dI hai| prAyazcittaviveka (pR0 199) ke mata se payasvinI (dudhArU) gAya kA mUlya tIna purANa, sAdhAraNa gAya kA eka purANa evaM baila kA pA~ca purANa thaa| prAyazcittatattva (pR0 517-518) ne kAtyAyana kA havAlA dekara kahA hai ki gAya kA mUlya 32 paNa, bachar3e kA eka purANa hai| eka paNa tAMbe kA hotA hai aura tola meM 80 rasI yA mUlya meM 80 varATakoM (kaur3iyoM) ke samAna hotA hai tathA 16 paNa ke barAbara eka purANa hotA hai (maviSya evaM matsya ke anusAra), niSka vaha nahIM hai jaisA ki manu (8 / 137) ne kahA hai, pratyuta vaha eka dInAra-niSka hai, arthAt sonA jo tola meM 32 rattI hotA hai| prAyazcittenduzekhara (pR0 7) ne yAjJa0 (13365) kA anusaraNa kara kahA hai ki niSka cAMdI hai aura tola meM cAra suvarNoM yA eka pala ke sAmana hotA hai| eka rattI kI tola ausata 1.8 grena hotI hai, ataH 80 rattI kA eka tAmra-paNa tola meM lagabhaga 144 grena hogaa| isI taraha se eka dhenu 32 paNoM (yA do purANoM) ke barAbara thA, arthAt tAmra ke 26 tolA ke barAbara (jaba eka tolA 180 grena ke barAbara liyA jaay)| dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 3, adhyAya 4, jahA~ prAcIna sikkoM evaM toloM ke viSaya meM likhA huA hai| kAlakrama se Age calakara kaI zatAbdiyoM meM lekhakoM ke matoM meM antara par3a gyaa| vijJAnezvara ke mata se eka cA~dI kA niSka 'cAra suvarNa' ke barAbara hotA hai / lIlAvatI ke anusAra 20 varATaka (kaur3iyA~) eka kAkiNI ke barAbara, 4 kAkiNI eka paNa ke barAbara tathA eka niSka 256 paNoM ke barAbara hotA hai| 'gavAmabhAve niSkaM syAsavarSa pAdameva vaa|' parA0mA0 (2, bhAga 2, pR0 197), prA0 sA0 (pR0 203) evaM mitA. (yAsa0 33326, jahAM nAma nahIM diyA huA hai)|

Page #88
adhyAya 5 prAyazcittoM ke nAma isa adhyAya meM hama smRtiyoM evaM nibandhoM meM ullikhita sabhI prAyazcittoM ko kramAnusAra upasthita kreNge| aisA karane meM hama kevala mantroccAraNa, upavAsa Adi ko chor3a deNge| choTI-moTI vyAkhyAe~ evaM saMketa mAtra upasthita kiye jAyeMge, kyoMki prAyazcittoM kI vistRta carcA gata adhyAya meM ho cukI hai| aghamarSaNa (Rgveda 10 / 19011-3) / atyanta prAcIna dharmazAstra-granthoM (yathA--gautama (24 / 11), baudhA0 gha0 sU0 (4 / 2 / 19 / 20), vasiSTha (2638), manu (11 / 259-260), yAjJa0 (3301), viSNu (557), zaMkha (18 / 1-2) Adi ne ise sabhI pApoM kA prAyazcitta mAnA hai| unakA kathana hai ki yadi vyakti jala meM khar3A hokara dina meM tIna bAra (haradatta ke anusAra tIna dinoM taka) aghamarSaNa mantroM kA pATha karatA hai to vaha sabhI pApoM se mukta ho jAtA hai aura yaha prAyazcitta azvamedha ke anta meM kiye gaye snAna ke samAna pavitra mAnA jAtA hai| prAya0 sA0 (pR. 199) ne bhI isakA ullekha kiyA hai| vyakti ko tIna dinoM kA upavAsa, dina meM khar3A rahanA, rAta meM baiThA rahanA evaM anta meM dudhArU gAya kA dAna karanA hotA hai| zaMkha (18 / 1-2) evaM viSNu (471-9) ne isakA savistara varNana kiyA hai| atikRccha (aura dekhie kRcchra ke antrgt)| manu (111213) ke mata se yaha prAyazcitta tIna dinoM taka kevala prAtaHkAla eka kaura bhojana se, utane hI dina saMdhyAkAla eka kaura bhojana se, punaH tIna dinoM taka binA mAMge eka kaura bhojana se aura anta meM tIna dinoM taka pUrNa upavAsa se sampAdita kiyA jAtA hai| yAjJa0 (3 / 319) ne eka kaura ke sthAna para eka muTThI bhojana kI vyavasthA dI hai| mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 319) evaM prAya0 sA0 (pR0 176) ke mata se manu kI vyavasthA zakta logoM ke lie tathA yAjJa0 kI azakta logoM ke lie hai| aura dekhie sAma0 brA0 (112 / 6-7), gau0 (26 / 18-19), viSNu (54-30), laugAkSigR0 (5 / 12-13), parAzara (11154-55), vasiSTha (2411-2) evaM baudhA0 50 sU0 (4 / 5 / 8) / manu (11 / 208) evaM viSNu (54 / 30) ne isa prAyazcitta ko usake lie vyavasthita kiyA hai jo brAhmaNa ko lAThI yA kisI astra se ThokatA yA pITatA hai| gautama (26 / 22) ke mata se mahApAtakoM ko chor3akara anya pApa isa prAyazcitta se naSTa ho jAte haiN| atisAntapana (aura dekhie mhaasaantpn)| yaha kaI prakAra se paribhASita huA hai| agni0 (171 / 10) evaM viSNu (46 / 21) ke mata se yaha 18 dinoM taka calatA hai (mahAsAntapana kA tigunA, jisameM 6 dinoM taka gomUtra evaM anya pA~ca vastuoM kA AhAra karanA par3atA hai)| mitA0 (yAjJa0 33315) ne yama ko uddhRta kara isake lie 12 dinoM kI vyavasthA kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| prAyaH mayUkha (pR0 23) ne isake lie 15 dinoM kI vyavasthA dI hai| 1. yadA tu SaNNAM sAntapanadravyANAmekakasya dUdhahamapayogastadAtisAntapanam / yathAha yamaH-etAnyeva tathA

Page #89
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa akRcchra ( aura dekhie kRcchra) / ApastambasmRti (9143 - 44) ke anusAra yaha chaH dinoM kA prAyazcitta hai jisameM eka dina kevala eka bAra, eka dina kevala sandhyAkAla, do dina binA mA~ge bhojana karanA par3atA hai aura do dinoM taka pUrNa upavAsa karanA par3atA hai| mitAkSarA ne eka anya prakAra diyA hai, jisameM tIna dinoM taka binA mA~ge prApta jana karanA par3atA hai aura tIna dinoM taka pUrNa upavAsa karanA par3atA hai|' 1082 akSamedhAvabhRthasnAna---yaha azvamedha ke anta meM samudra yA pavitra nadI meM saMskArajanya athavA kRtya-snAna hotA hai / viSNu (36 ke uttarArdhaM ) ne mahApAtakoM evaM anupAtakoM ke lie azvamegha kI vyavasthA dI hai| kevala samrAT athavA abhiSikta rAjA hI azvamedha kara sakate haiM jisake anta meM eka viziSTa snAna kiyA jAtA 1 dekhie isa grantha kA kha Da 2, adhyAya 35, jahA~ azvamedha kA varNana hai| prAya0 vi0 ( pR0 65 ) ke mata se azvamegha kevala kSatriya hI kara sakatA hai| ataH yaha prAyazcitta kevala kSatriyoM ke lie hai| kintu kulluka ( manu 11 / 92 ) evaM prAya 0 tattva (donoM ne bhaviSyapurANa kA havAlA diyA hai) ne kahA hai ki brAhmaNa bhI azvamegha ke anta meM honevAle snAna meM bhAga lekara ajJAna meM kiye gaye brahmahatyA ke mahApAtaka se chuTakArA pA sakatA hai|' Agneya kRcchra - agnipurANa evaM viSNudharmottarapurANa ke mata se yadi vyakti kevala tila khAkara bAraha dina vyatIta kara de to vaha Agneya kRcchra kahalAtA hai|' RSicAndrAyaNa -- bRhad viSNu (prAya0 prakaraNa, pR0 132 ) ke mata se isa prAyazcitta meM eka mAsa taka kevala tIna kaura yajJiya bhojana kiyA jAtA hai| " ekA bhakta -- prAya 0 prakAza ke mata se yadi koI eka mAsa taka dina meM kevala eka bAra khAye to ise ekabhakta vrata kahA jAtA hai| kRccha ---- kaI prAyazcittoM ke lie yaha eka sAmAnya zabda hai / sAma0 brA0 ( 1 / 211 ) meM AyA hai"athAtastrIn kRcchrAn vyAkhyAsyAmaH / haviSyAn tryahamanavatAzyadivAzI tatastryahaM tryahamayAcitavratasyahaM nAznAti kicaneti kRcchra- dvAdazarAtrasya vidhiH", jisakA tAtparya hai ki "vyakti ko tIna dinoM taka kevala dina meM hI khAnA cAhie, peyAnyekaikaM tu dvayahaM dvayaham / atisAntapanaM nAma zvapAkamapi zodhayet // mitA0 ( yAjJa0 3 / 315), prAya0 sAra ( pR0 191 ) ; aparArka ( pR0 1234) / 2. sAyaMprAtastathaivaikaM vinadvayamayAcitam | dinadvayaM ca nAznIyAtkRcchrASaM tadvidhIyate // ApastambasmRti ( 9/43 - 44 ) ; mitA0 ( yAjJa0 3 / 318 ) ; prAya0 vi0 ( pR0 509 ); parA0 mA0 (2, bhAga 2, pR0 173 ) evaM prA0 sA0 ( pR0 172 ) / 3. azvameghaprAyazcittaM tu rAjJa eva taMtra tasyaivAdhikArAt / ... azvamedhAvabhRthasnAne viprasyApyadhikAraH / tathA ca kalpatarutaM bhaviSyapurANam / yadA tu guNavAn vipro hanyAdvipraM tu nirguNam / akAmatastavA gacchetsnAnaM caMbAzvamedhikam // tatazcAvabhRthasnAnaM kSatriyaviSayamiti prAyazcittavivekoktaM heyam / prA0 ta0 ( pR0 544 ) / aura dekhie nirdezita zabdoM ke lie prAya0 vi0 ( pR0 65 ) / 4. tilairdvAdazarAtreNa kRcchramAgneyamAtinut / agnipurANa ( 171014 ) ; viSNudharmottara ( prAya0 prakA0 ) / 5. tathA bRhadviSNuH -- trIMstrIn piNDAn samaznIyAniyatAtmA dRDhavrataH / haviSyAnnasya vai mAsamUvicAndrAyaNaM caran // prAya0 praka0 ( pR0 132) / prAya0 vi0 ( pR0 520), prAya0 ta0 ( pR0 544) evaM prAya0 sA0 ( pR0 196) ne isa zloka ko yama kA mAnA hai|

Page #90
prAyazcittoM (vratoM) kA paricaya 1083 tIna dinoM taka rAtri meM hI khAnA cAhie, tIna dinoM taka use bhojana nahIM mA~ganA cAhie (mila jAya tI khA sakatA hai) aura tIna dinoM taka pUrNa upavAsa karanA caahie| yadi vaha zIghra hI pApamukta ho jAnA cAhatA hai to use dina meM khar3A rahanA cAhie aura rAta meM baiThe ho sonA caahie| gautama ( 26 / 2-26) ne prathama kRcchu kA (jise pazcAtkAlIna lekhakoM ne prAjApatya kI saMjJA dI hai) varNana karake atikRcchra ( 26 / 18-19 ) kI vyAkhyA kI hai aura taba kRcchAtikRcchra kI ( 26 / 20 ) / bauvA0 60 sU0 (221 / 91) ne parAka kA varNana kRccha kI bhA~ti hI kiyA hai| Apa0 gha0 sU0 ( 119/27/7 ) ne 12 dinoM ke kRccha kA varNana kiyA hai| gautama ( 26 / 2-16) dvArA varNita kuccha bAraha dinoM kA hai aura use mana (11 / 211), zaMkha (1813), yAjJa0 ( 3 / 319) Adi ne prAjApatya ke nAma se pukArA hai| parA0 mA0 (2, mAga 1, 50 30) evaM prAya0 prakAza ke mata se kRcchra zabda binA kisI vizeSaNa ke prAjApatya kA dyotaka hai| prAya tattva ( pR0 481 ) kA kathana hai ki gautama ( 2611-5) dvArA varNita kRcchra ko manu (11 / 211) ne prAjApatya mAnA hai| bhojana ke atirikta anya niyama gautama ne isa prakAra diye haiM--satya bolanA; anArya puruSoM evaM nAriyoM se na bolanA; 'raurava' evaM 'yauvAjaya' nAmaka sAmoM kA lagAtAra gAyana; prAtaH, madhyAhna evaM sAyaM snAna; Rgveda (10 / 9 / 1-3), taitti0 brA0 ( 1/4/8/1) evaM tai0 saM0 (5 / 6 / 1) ke mantroM ke sAtha mArjana karanA; teraha ( gautama 26 / 12) mantroM ke sAtha tarpaNa; gautama dvArA nirdhArita teraha mantroM ke sAtha Aditya (sUrya) kI pUjA; unhIM teraha mantroM ke sAtha ghRtAhutiyA~ denA aura terahaveM dina laukika agni meM pake hue cAvaloM kI AhutiyA~ soma, agni evaM soma, indra evaM agni, indra, vizvedevoM, brahmA, prajApati evaM sviSTakRt agni ko denA tathA brahmabhoja / kRcchrasaMvatsara - Apa0 dha0 sU0 ( 1 / 9 / 27-8) ne isa prAyazcitta kA ullekha kiyA hai, jisameM varSa bhara kRcchra vrata lagAtAra kiye jAte haiN| kRcchrAtikRccha - gautama (26 / 20), sAma0 brA0 ( 191228) evaM vasiSTha (2413) ne ise vaha kRcchra kahA hai jisameM una dinoM jaba ki bhojana kI anumati rahatI hai kevala jala grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai aura gautama (26 / 23) evaM sAma0 brA0 ( 112 9 ) kA kathana hai ki isa prAyazcitta se vyakti ke sabhI pApa kaTa jAte haiN| yAjJa0 ( 3 / 320 devala 86, prathamArdha) evaM brahmapurANa (prAya0 prakAza) ke mata se isameM 21 dinoM taka kevala jala grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| gautama eva yAjJa0 ke isa antara kA samAdhAna nivandhoM ne yaha kahakara kiyA hai ki avadhi pApI kI sAmarthya para nirbhara hai| yama ne 24 dinoM kI avadhi dI hai (aparArka, pR0 1238 ) / aura dekhie parA0 mA0 (2, bhAga 1, pR0 179 ) evaM madanapArijAta ( pR0 716 ) / manu ( 11 / 208 - viSNu 54/30 ) ke mata se yaha prAyazcitta usake lie hai jo kisI brAhmaNa ko kisI astra se aisA mAratA hai ki rakta nikala AtA hai| prAya0 prakaraNa ( pR0 15) kA kahanA hai ki jo loga kRccha nahIM kara sakate ve pratinidhi ( pratyAsnAya) ke rUpa meM eka (payazvinI) gAya de sakate haiM, isI prakAra atikRcchra evaM kRcchrAtikRcchra ke pratyAmnAya svarUpa krama se do evaM cAra gaue~ dI jA sakatI haiN| gomUtrakRcchra -- prAyazcittasAra ( pR0 187) ne isa viSaya meM eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai- "eka gau ko jI-gehU~ milAkara bharapeTa khilAnA cAhie aura usake uparAnta usake gobara se jau ke dAne nikAlakara gomUtra meM usake ATe kI lapasI yA mA~r3a banAkara pInA caahie|"" 6. A tRptezcArayitvA gAM godhUmAn yavamizritAn / tAn gomayotthAn saMgRhya pibed gomUtrayAvakam // ( prA0 sAra, pR0 187) / mahArNava ne ise yogayAjJavalkya se uddhRta kiyA hai aura 'pibet' ke sthAna para 'pacet' likhA hai| 64

Page #91
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa govrata - prAya0 prakaraNa ( pR0 132 ) ne mArkaNDeya purANa ko isa viSaya meM uddhRta kiyA hai" vyakti ko gomUtra meM snAna karanA cAhie, gobara ko hI khAkara rahanA cAhie, gauoM ke bIca meM khar3A rahanA cAhie, gobara para hI baiThanA cAhie, jaba gaue~ jala pI leM tabhI jala pInA cAhie, jaba taka ve khAna leM taba taka khAnA nahIM cAhie, jaba ve khar3I hoM to khar3A ho jAnA cAhie, jaba ve baiTheM to baiTha jAnA caahie| isa prakAra lagAtAra eka mAsa taka karanA caahie|" {084 cAndrAyaNacandra ke bar3hane evaM ghaTane ke anurUpa hI jisameM bhojana kiyA jAya, usa kRtya ko cAndrAyaNa vrata kahate haiM / " yaha zabda pANini (5 / 1 / 72 ) meM bhI AyA hai ( pArAyaNa -turAyaNa cAndrAyaNaM vartayati ) / bahuta prAcIna kAla se hI cAndrAyaNa ke do prakAra kahe gaye haiM; yavamadhya (jau ke samAna bIca meM moTA evaM donoM choroM meM patalA ) evaM pipIlikAmadhya ( cIMTI ke samAna bIca meM patalA evaM donoM choroM meM moTA ) / baudhA0 gha0 sU0 (3|8|33 ) ne ye prakAra likhe haiM / jAbAli ke anusAra isake pA~ca prakAra haiM; yavamadhya, pipIlikAmadhya, yaticAndrAyaNa, sarvatomukhI evaM zizuarrator | hama inakA varNana Age kreNge| yAjJa0 ( 3 / 326 ) ke mata se jaba smRtiyoM meM koI viziSTa prAyazcitta na vyavasthita ho, to cAndrAyaNa se zuddhi prApta kI jAtI hai, yaha vrata prAyazcitta ke lie na karake dharma saMcaya karane ke lie bhI kiyA jAtA hai aura jaba ise prakAra varSa bhara yaha kiyA jAtA hai to kartA mRtyu ke uparAnta candraloka meM jAtA hai| yahI bAta manu (11 / 221 ) evaM gautama ( 27/18 ) ne bhI kahI hai| jaba yaha vrata dharmArtha kiyA jAtA hai to vapana yA zira- muNDana nahIM hotA ( gautama 27/3 -- vapanaM vrataM caret ) / gautama (19 / 20 ) evaM vasiSTha ( 22 / 20 ) ne kahA hai ki kRcchra, atikRcchra evaM cAndrAyaNa sabhI pApoM ke lie samAna prAyazcitta haiM ( sabhI sammilita rUpa meM mahApAtakoM ke lie, halake pApoM ke lie pRthak-pRthak, jaisA ki haradatta Adi ne kahA hai ) / milAie manu (5 / 21 evaM 11 / 215, baughA gha0 sU0 4 / 5 / 16 ) / manu (11 / 27), yAjJa0 ( 3 / 323), vasiSTha (27 / 21), baughA0 gha0 sU0 (4/5/18) Adi ne cAndrAyaNa ( yavamadhya prakAra ) kI paribhASA yoM dI hai-- mAsa ke zukla pakSa ke prathama dina eka grAsa yA piNDa (kaura) bhojana kiyA jAtA hai, dUsarI tithi ko do grAsa, tIsarI tithi ko tIna grAsa... aura isI prakAra bar3hate-bar3hate pUrNimA ke dina 15 grAsa khAye jAte haiM, isake uparAnta kRSNa pakSa ke prathama dina 14 grAsa, dUsare dina 13 grAsa.. isa prakAra kRSNa caturdazI ko eka grAsa khAyA jAtA hai aura amAvAsyA ke dina pUrNa upavAsa kiyA jAtA hai| yahA~ mAsa ke madhya meM grAsoM kI adhikatama saMkhyA hotI hai, ataH yaha yavamadhya prakAra hai, kyoMki usa dina pUrNamAsI hotI hai (candra pUrNa rahatA hai), isake uparAnta candra choTA hone lagatA hai| yahA~ vrata ke bIca meM hI pUrNamAsI hotI hai| yadi koI kRSNa pakSa kI prathama tithi ko vrata Arambha karatA hai to vaha eka grAsa kama kara detA hai arthAt kevala 14 grAsa khAtA hai aura isI prakAra grAsoM meM kamI karatA jAtA hai| kRSNa pakSa kI caturdazI ko vaha eka grAsa khAtA hai aura amAvAsyA ko eka grAsa bhI nhiiN| isake uparAnta zukla pakSa ke prathama dina eka grAsa letA hai aura isa prakAra bar3hAtA bar3hAtA pUrNamAsI ke dina 15 grAsa khAtA hai| isa dUsarI sthiti meM mAsa pUrNimAnta hotA hai| isa krama meM vrata ke madhya meM eka bhI grAsa 7. candrasyAyanamivAyanaM caraNaM yasmin karmaNi hAsavRddhibhyAM taccAndrAyaNam / mitA0 ( yAjJa0 3 / 323 ) | vAstava meM 'cAndrAyaNa' zabda 'candrAyaNa' honA cAhie, kintu yaha pAribhASika zabda hai ataH prathama zabda 'ca' ko vistArita 'ca' kara diyA gayA hai| 8. anAviSTeSu pApeSu zuddhizcAndrAyaNena tu / dharmArthaM yazcare ve taccandrasyaiti salokatAm // yAjJa0 (33326 ) ; saMvatsaraM cAptvA candramasaH salokatAmApnoti / gautama (27 / 18 ) /

Page #92
cAndrAyaNa vrata 1085 nahIM hotA aura adhika grAsoM kI saMkhyA Arambha evaM anta meM hotI hai, isI se yaha pipIlikAmadhya kahalAtA hai| isa antima kA vivaraNa vasiSTha (23 / 45) evaM manu (11 / 2 / 6) ne kiyA hai| aura dekhie viSNu (4715-6); 'yasyAmAvasyA madhye bhavati sa pipIlikAmadhyaH yasya paurNamAsI sa yvmdhyH|' jaba mAsa meM 14 yA 16 tithiyA~ par3a jAya~ to grAsoM ke viSaya meM usI prakAra vyavasthA kara lenI caahie| aura dekhie haradatta (gautama 27 / 12-15) / kalpatarU ne kucha aura hI kahA hai-kRSNa pakSa ke prathama dina 15 grAsa aura Age eka-eka grAsa kama karake amAvAsyA ke dina eka prAsa, taba zukla pakSa ke prathama dina do grAsa aura Age eka-eka grAsa adhika karake zakla pakSa kI caturdazI tithi ko 15 grAsa aura pUrNamAsI ko pUrNa upavAsa / kintu yaha bhrAmaka bAta hai, kyoMki isa siddhAnta se candra kI hrAsa-vRddhi para AdhArita samatA naSTa ho jAtI hai, jaisA ki vasiSTha (23 / 45) evaM parAzara (10 / 2) Adi smRtiyoM meM kahA gayA hai| eka dUsare mata se cAndrAyaNa kI do koTiyA~ haiM-mukhya evaM gaunn| prathama yavamadhya evaM pipIlikAmadhya hai aura dUsarI punaH cAra bhAgoM meM baMTI hai, yathA-sAmAnya, RSicAndrAyaNa, zizucAndrAyaNa evaM yticaandraaynn| sAmAnya (yA sarvatomukha) meM kula 240 grAsa khAye jAte haiM jo icchAnukUla mAsa ke tIsa dinoM meM yajJiya bhojana ke rUpa meM khAye jA sakate haiM (isameM candra kI ghaTatI-bar3hatI para vicAra nahIM kiyA jAtA (manu 111220; baudhA0 dha0 sU0 4 / 5 / 21; yAjJa 0 3 / 324 aura usI para mitAkSarA, madanapArijAta aadi)| yahAM para candra ke svarUpoM para na AdhArita hote hue bhI prAyazcitta cAndrAyaNa hI kahA gayA hai| yahAM mImAMsA kA kuNDapAyinAmayana niyama prayukta huA hai| gautama (27 / 12-15) se patA calatA hai ki unhoMne 32 dinoM (pipIlikAmadhya) yA 31 dinoM kA cAndrAyaNa parikalpita kiyA hai, kyoMki unhoMne kahA hai ki kartA ko zukla pakSa kI caturdazI tithi ko upavAsa rakhanA cAhie, pUrNimA ko 15 grAsa khAne cAhie aura Age eka-eka grAsa isa prakAra kama karate jAnA cAhie ki amAvAsyA ko pUrNa upavAsa ho jAya aura zukla pakSa ke prathama dina eka grAsa khAnA cAhie aura Age bar3hate-bar3hate pUrNimA ko 15 grAsa khAne caahie| isa prakAra zukla pakSa kI caturdazI tithi (jisa dina upavAsa pUrNa rahatA hai) se Age ke mAsa kI pUrNimA taka kula milAkara 32 dina hue aura cAndrAyaNa pipIlikAmadhya prakAra kA huaa| ____ grAsa ke AkAra ke viSaya meM kaI mata abhivyakta haiN| gautama (27 / 10) evaM viSNu (47 / 2) ke mata se grAsa itanA bar3A honA cAhie ki khAte samaya mukha kI AkRti na bigdd'e| yAjJa0 (3 / 323) ne eka grAsa ko moranI ke aNDe ke barAbara , parAzara (10 // 3) ne kukkuTI (murgI) ke aNDe ke barAbara tathA zaMkha ne hare Amalaka phala ke barAbara mAnA hai| mitA0 ne gautama ke diye hae AkAra ko baccoM evaM javAnoM ke lie ucita ThaharAyA hai tathA anya AkAgeM ko vyakti kI zakti ke anurUpa vikalpa se diyA hai| cAndrAyaNa kI vidhi kA varNana gautama (27 / 2-11), baudhA0 (3.8), manu (11 / 221-225), vRddha-gautama (adhyAya 16) Adi meM huA hai| gautama dvArA upasthApita vidhi kA varNana nIce diyA jAtA hai| sambhavataH gautama kA grantha dharmazAstragranthoM meM sabase prAcIna hai| gautama (26 / 6-11) ne kRccha prAyazcitta ke lie jo sAmAnya niyama diye haiM ve cAndrAyaNa ke lie bhI prayukta hote haiN| prAyazcittakartA ko pUrNimA ke eka dina pUrva muNDana karAnA par3atA hai aura upavAsa karanA hotA hai| vaha tarpaNa karatA hai, ghRtAhutiyA~ detA hai, yajJiya bhojana ko pratiSThApita karatA hai aura 'ApyAyasva' (R0 1191117) evaM 'san te payAMsi' (R0 191 / 18) kA pATha karatA hai| use vAja0 saM0 (20 / 14) yA tai0 brA0 (2 / 6 / 6 / 1) meM diye hue 'yad devA devaheLanam' se Arambha honevAlI cAra RcAoM ke pATha ke sAtha ghRtAhutiyA~ denI hotI haiN| isa prakAra ina 9. kukkuTANapramANaM tu grAsa va parikalpayet / parAzara (10 // 3); prAya0 ma0 (pR0 21)

Page #93
1086 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa cAroM ke sAtha kula milAkara sAta ghRtAhutiyA~ dI jAtI haiN| ghRtAhutiyoM ke anta meM 'devakRtasya' (vAja0 saM0 8 / 13 ) se Arambha honevAle ATha mantroM ke sAtha samidhA kI AhutiyA~ dI jAtI haiN| pratyeka grAsa ke sAtha mana meM nimna zabdoM meM se eka kA pATha kiyA jAtA hai-oM bhUH bhuvaH svaH, tapaH, satyaM, yazaH, zrI: ( samRddhi), Urja, iDA, oja, teja:, varcaH, puruSaH, dharmaH, zivaH ", yA sabhI zabdoM kA pATha namaH svAhA' yaha kahakara kiyA jAtA hai| yAjJika bhojana nimna meM koI eka hotA hai; cAvala (bhAta), bhikSA se prApta bhojana, pIsA huA jau, bhUsArahita anna, yAvaka ( jo kI lapasI ), dUdha, dahI, ghRta, mUla, phala evaM jala / inameM se krama se pahale vAlA acchA mAnA jAtA hai| jalakRccha --- dekhie nIce toyakRcchra / taptakRcchra -- isake viSaya meM kaI mata haiN| manu (11 / 214), vasiSTha (21 / 21), viSNu ( 46 / 11 ), baughA0 gha0 sU0 (4|5|10), zaMkha -smRti ( 1834), agni0 ( 171 / 6-7 ), atri ( 122-123 ) evaM parAzara (4/7 ) ne ise 12 dinoM kA mAnA hai aura tIna-tIna dinoM kI cAra avadhiyA~ nirdhArita kI haiN| isameM tIna avadhiyoM ke antargata eka avadhi meM garma jala, dUsarI meM garma dUdha evaM tIsarI meM garma ghI pIyA jAtA hai aura Age tIna dinoM taka pUrNa upavAsa rahatA hai aura garma vAyu kA pAna mAtra kiyA jAtA hai (manu 11 / 214 ) / man ne itanA aura jor3a diyA hai ki isameM tIna bAra ke sthAna para (jaisA ki kucha prAyazcittoM meM kiyA jAtA hai) kevala eka bAra snAna hotA hai aura indriya - nigraha kiyA jAtA hai / yAjJa0 ( 3 / 317 = devala 84 ) ne ise kevala cAra dinoM kA mAnA hai, jinameM prathama tIna dinoM meM krama se garma dUdha, ghI evaM garma jala liyA jAtA hai aura cauthe dina pUrNa upavAsa kiyA jAtA hai / mitA0 ( yAjJa0 3 / 317 ) ne ise mahAtaptakRcchra kahA hai aura do dinoM ke taptakRcchra kI bhI vyavasthA dI hai, jisameM prathama dina pApI tInoM, arthAt garma jala, garma dUdha evaM garma ghI grahaNa karatA hai aura dUsare dina pUrNa upavAsa karatA hai / prAyazcittaprakAza ne mitAkSarA kI isa vyavasthA ko prAmANika nahIM mAnA hai| usane 21 dinoM ke taptakRcchra kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| prAya0 prakAza ne yaha bhI kahA hai ki bAraha dinoM kA taptakRcchra bar3e pApoM tathA 4 dinoM kA halake pApoM ke lie hai / parAzara (48), atri ( 123 - 124) evaM brahmapurANa (prAya0 vi0, pR0 511 ) ne garma jala, garma dUdha evaM garma ghI kI mAtrA krama se 6 pala, 3 pala evaM eka pala dI hai| brahmapurANa ne jor3A hai ki jala, dUdha evaM dhI krama se sandhyA, prAtaH evaM madhyAhna meM grahaNa karanA caahie| " tulApuruSa - kRcchra -- jAbAli ne isake lie ATha dinoM kI avadhi dI hai| zaMkha ( 1809 - 10 ) evaM viSNu (46 / 22) ne isa dinoM kI avadhi vAle tulApuruSa - kRcchra kA ullekha kiyA hai, jisameM khalI yA piNyAka, bhAta kA mAr3a, takra, jala, sattU alaga-alaga dina meM khAyA jAtA hai, eka dina khAne ke uparAnta upavAsa kiyA jAtA hai| yAza0 (33 12 10. mantra ke zabda ye haiM "oM bhUrbhuvaH svastapaH satyaM yazaH zrIgi Dojastejo varcaH puruSo dharmaH ziva ityetasAnumantraNaM pratimantraM manasA / namaH svAheti vA sarvAn / gau0 (27 / 8-9 ) ; kucha pANDulipiyoM meM 'varcaH' zabda nahIM AyA hai| yAjJa0 11. SaTpalaM tu pivedambhastripalaM tu payaH pibet / palamakaM pibatsapistaptakRcchraM vidhIyate / parAzara (48) / (1 / 363-3364) ke anusAra eka pala 4 yA 5 suvarNa ke barAbara hotA hai aura eka suvarNa tola meM 80 kRSNaloM (guJjA) ke barAbara hotA hai| 12. tatra jAbAlaH / piNyAkaM ca tathAcAmaM tatraM codakasaktavaH / trirAtramupavAsazca tulA puruSa ucyata // prAya0 sAra (10 178), parA0 mA0 (2, bhAga 2, pR0 183 ) /

Page #94
prAyazcittoM (vratoM) kA paricaya 1087 322=atri 129-130) ne 15 dinoM ke vrata kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai, jisameM uparyukta pAMcoM padArtha (piNyAka, AcAma (kAnjI, mAta kA uphanAva yA mAMDa), takra, jala evaM sattU) prati tIna dinoM para khAye jAte haiM / yama ne tulApuruSakRccha ko 21 dinoM kA prAyazcitta mAnA hai jisameM pA~ca padArtha krama se tIna-tIna dinoM para khAye jAte haiM (mitA0, yAjJa0 3 / 322) / aparArka (pR0 1239-1241), parA0 mA0 (2, bhAga 2, pa0 184-189), madanapArijAta (pR0 718-727) evaM prAya0 sAra (.. 179-181) ne isa prAyazcitta ke sampAdana kI vidhi kA pUrA varNana kiyA hai| isameM uzIra (khasa) se banI kartA kI do AkRtiyAM sone yA cA~dI yA candana kI banI tarAjU (tulA) ke eka palar3e para rakhI jAtI haiM aura dUsare palar3e para kaMkar3a-patthara rakhe jAte haiM yA mahAdeva evaM anya devoM, yathA agni, vAyu evaM sUrya kI sthApanA aura pUjA kI jAtI hai| toyakRccha-yama (prAya0 prakAza), zaMkha (prAyaH sAra pR0 182) ne ise varuNa-kRcchra bhI kahA hai| viSNu (46 / 14) kA kathana hai ki eka mAsa taka kevala sattU evaM jala milAkara pIne se udakakRccha sampAdita hotA hai| Rgveda (7 / 49 / 3) ke kAla se hI varuNa jala ke devatA kahe jAte rahe haiM, aura ve satya eva asatya kI parIkSA karane vAle kahe gaye haiM, ataH yaha toyakRccha vAruNa (varuNa-kRccha) bhI kahA jAtA hai| jAbAla (prAya0 prakAza) kA kathana hai--"yadi koI pApI binA kucha khAye eka dina aura eka rAta jala meM khar3A rahatA hai aura varuNa ko saMbodhita mantroM kA pATha karatA hai to vaha sAla bhara ke pApoM ko jalakRccha dvArA dUra kara detA hai|" yAjJavalkya (prAya0 sAra, pR0 187) ke anusAra isa prAyazcitta meM eka dina evaM rAta khar3e rahakara upavAsa kiyA jAtA hai, rAta meM jala meM khar3A rahanA hotA hai aura dUsare dina gAyatrI mantra kA 1008 bAra japa kiyA jAtA hai| zaMkha (madanapArijAta, pa0737) ke mata se isa prAyazcitta meM yA to jala meM ubAle hue kamalaDaNThala (mRNAla) para yA pAnI meM mizrita sattU para rahanA par3atA hai| dadhikRccha-viSNudharmottara (prAya0 prakAza) ke mata se isa prAyazcitta meM eka mAsa taka kevala dahI kA prayoga hotA hai| devakRccha yama (parA0 mA0 2, bhAga 2, pR0 191-192) ne isakA varNana yoM kiyA hai -"lagAtAra tIna-tIna dinoM taka kevala yavAgU (mA~r3a), yAvaka (jau kI lapasI), zAka, dUdha, dahI evaM ghI grahaNa karanA cAhie aura Age ke tIna dinoM taka pUrNa upavAsa karanA cAhie, yaha devakRta (devoM dvArA sampAdita) prAyazcitta kahA jAtA hai jo sabhI kalmaSoM kA nAzaka hai| yaha mahatoM, vasuoM, rudroM evaM AdityoM Adi dvArA sampAdita huA thaa| isa vrata ke prabhAva se ve viraja (apavitratA se mukta) ho gye|" isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki yaha vrata 21 dinoM taka calatA hai, kyoMki uparyukta sAta vastue~ tIna-tIna dinoM taka khAyI jAtI haiN| prAya0 prakAza ne eka anya prakAra bhI diyA hai, jisakA varNana Avazyaka nahIM hai| dhanavakRcchra--dekhie vaayvy-kRcch| viSNudharmottara purANa (prAya0 prakAza) ke anusAra yaha vrata eka mAsa 13. vissnnudhrmottre| badhnA kSIreNa takreNa pinnyaakaacaamkstthaa| zAkarmAsaM tu kAryANi svanAmAni vickssnnH|| prA0 prkaash| 14. yavAgU yAvakaM zAkaM kSIraM dadhi ghRtaM tthaa| zyahaM tryahaM tu prAznIyA vAyubhakSastryahaM param // marudbhirvasubhI darAdityazcaritaM vrtm| vratasyAsya prabhAveNa virajaskA hi te'bhavan // kuccha devakRtaM nAma sarvakalmaSanAzanam / yama (parA0 mA0 2, bhAga 2, pR0 191-192; prAya0 sAra, pR0 183-184) /

Page #95
1088 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa taka calatA hai aura mone se mizrita (jisameM sonA ghisA gayA ho yA jisake sAtha sonA ubAlA gayA ho) bhojana kiyA jAtA hai| nityopavAsa kRccha-prAyazcittaprakAza kA kathana hai ki isameM cha: varSoM taka kevala sAyaM evaM prAtaH bhojana karanA hotA hai aura donoM bhojanoM ke bIca meM jala-grahaNa nahIM kiyA jaataa| paJcagavya-paMcagavya meM pAMca vastueM hotI haiM; gomUtra, gobara, dugdha, dahI evaM ghii| isake vistata varNana ke lie dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 22 / 6 paMcagavya kI Ahuti agni meM 'irAvatI' (R0 7 / 99 / 3), 'idaM viSNuH' (R0 1 / 22 / 17), 'mAnastoke' (R0 1211418), 'zaM no devIH' (R0 10 / 9 / 4) nAmaka mantroM ke sAtha dI jAtI hai aura avaziSTa aMza pI liyA jAtA hai| yaha kamala-dala dvArA yA tIna pattiyoM vAle palAza kI madhya zAkhA dvArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| manu (11 / 165 = agnipurANa 169 / 30) ne choTI-choTI coriyoM ke lie paMcagavya-grahaNa kI vyavasthA dI hai| yAjJa0 (3 / 263) ne gohatyA karane vAle ko eka mAsa taka yaha vrata karane ko kahA hai| mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 263) ne viSNu ko uddhRta kara kahA hai ki govadha meM nimna tIna vratoM meM eka kA sampAdana honA cAhie; eka mAsa taka prati dina tIna pala paMcagavya pInA, parAka yA cAndrAyaNa nAmaka vrata kA sampAdana / yadyapi viSNu (5417) evaM atri (zloka 300) kA kathana hai ki surA pInevAlA brAhmaNa evaM paMcagavya pInevAlA zUdra naraka (viSNu ke anusAra mahAraurava) meM jAtA hai, kintu devala (61), parAzara (11 / 3 evaM 20) evaM madhya kAla ke prAya0 mayUkha (pR0 13), zUdrakamalAkara (pR0 42) jaise nibandhoM ne zUdroM ko binA vaidika mantroM ke paMcagavya-grahaNa kI anumati dI hai / sabhI vargoM kI striyoM ko, jo kucha kRtyoM meM zUdravat mAnI gayI haiM, vikalpa se paMcagavya-grahaNa kI anumati milI hai| patrakRccha--dekhie prnn-kuurc| parAka-manu (11 / 215), baudhA0 dha0 sU0 (4 / 5 / 16), yAjJa0 (3 / 320 =zaMkha 1815=atri 28), agni0 (170 / 10), viSNa (46 / 18) evaM bRhaspati ke mata se isameM bAraha dinoM taka bhojana nahIM karanA hotA, kartA ko indriya-nigraha ke sAtha lagAtAra japa-homa Adi karate rahanA par3atA hai| isa prAyazcitta se sAre pApa kaTa jAte haiN| parNakUrca-patrakRccha kA yaha kaThinatara prakAra hai / yAjJa0 (3 / 316 =devala 38) evaM zaMkha-likhita ne ise nimna rUpa meM varNita kiyA hai-jaba lagAtAra pratyeka dina palAza, umbara, kamala evaM bilba (bela) kI pattiyA~ ubAlI jAtI haiM aura unakA kvAtha yA rasa pIyA jAtA hai, usake uparAnta kuzodaka (vaha jala jisameM kuza DAla diye gaye hoM) pIyA jAtA hai to vaha parNakRccha kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra yaha vrata pA~ca dinoM kA hotA hai| mitA0 15. vAjaprasUtimapyekAM kanakena samanvitAm / bhujAnasya tathA mAsaM kRccha dhanadadaivatam // viSNudharmottara (prAya0 prkaash)| - 16. gomatraM gomayaM kSIraM vadhi sapiH kuzodakam / nirdiSTaM paJcagavyaM tu pavitraM pApanAzanam ||...gaaycyaa gRhya gomUtraM gandhadvAreti gomayam / ApyAyasveti ca kSIraM dadhikrAvNeti vai dadhi / tejosi zukramityAjyaM devasya tvA kuzodakam // parAzara (11 / 28-33) / aura dekhie mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 314) evaM aparArka (pR0 1250) / 17. godhnasya paJcagavyena mAsamekaM palatrayam / pratyahaM syAtparAko vA cAndrAyaNamathApi vA // viSNu (mitA0, yAtra0 3 / 263; parA0 mA0 2, bhAga 1, pR0 243; 'mAsamekaM nirantaram / prAjApatyaM parAko vaa|' 18. zaMkhalikhitau-pabilvapalAzodumbarakuzodakAnyekaikamabhyastAni parNakRcchaH / mada0 pAri0 (pR0733)| tathA vsisstthH| payodumbarapalAzabilvAzvatthakuzAnAmudakaM pItvA SaDarAtreNaiva zudhyati / prA0 praka0 (10 128) /

Page #96
prAyazcittoM (vratoM) kA paricaya 1089 (yAjJa0 3 / 316) ne yama ko uddhRta kara kahA hai ki jaba pApI tIna dina evaM rAta upavAsa karake usake uparAnta cAroM pattiyoM kA ubAlA huA rasa kuzodaka ke sAtha usI dina pItA hai to yaha parNakUrca kahalAtA hai| parAzaramAdhavIya (2, bhA0 2, pR0 181) ne parNakUrca ko parNakRccha kA eka prakAra mAnA hai| vasiSTha, jAbAli evaM atri (116-117) ne parNakRcchra ko azvattha kI pattiyAM milAkara chaH dinoM kA vrata mAnA hai| viSNu (46 / 23) ne sAta dinoM vAle eka anya parNakRccha kA ullekha kiyA hai| parNakRccha-dekhie Upara prnnkuurc| pAvakRcchra-yAjJa0 (3 / 318= devala 85) ke mata se yaha vaha prAyazcitta hai jisameM pApI eka dina kevala dina meM, dUsare dina rAta meM kevala eka bAra evaM Age kevala eka bAra (dina yA rAta meM) bhojana kare kintu binA kisI anya vyakti, naukara yA patnI se mA~ge, aura agale dina pUrNa upavAsa kre| isa prakAra yaha cAra dinoM kA vrata hai| kintu grAsoM kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM matabheda hai| Apastamba (mitA0 , yAjJa0 3 / 318) ke mata se grAsa 22, 26 evaM 24 hone cAhie jaba ki sAyaM yA prAtaH yA binA mA~ge khAyA jaay| parAzara ne isI prakAra 12, 15 yA 14 grAsoM kI saMkhyA dI hai| caturviMzatimata (parA0 mA0, 2, bhAga 2,pR0 172) ne krama se 12, 15 evaM 10 kI saMkhyA ghoSita kI hai| pAdonakRccha--yaha 9 dinoM kA hotA hai na ki prAjApatya kI bhA~ti 12 dinoM kaa| isameM tIna dinoM taka kevala dina meM khAyA jAtA hai, tIna dinoM taka binA mA~ge khAyA jAtA hai aura tIna dinoM taka pUrNa upavAsa rahatA hai (yahA~ ina tIna dinoM meM kevala rAtri vAle bhojana kA Adeza chor3a diyA gayA hai)| puSpakRccha-agni0 (171 / 12) evaM mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 316) ke mata se isameM eka mAsa taka puSpoM ko ubAlakara pIyA jAtA hai| prasRtayAvaka yA prasUtiyAvaka-viSNu (adhyAya 48), baudhA0 gha0 sU0 (36), hArIta (parA0 mA0 2, bhAga 2, pR0 192-194) ne isakA vistRta varNana kiyA hai| prasUti kA artha hai aMguliyoM ke sAtha khulA hAtha, kintu hathelI meM gaharAI ho| isa prakAra khulI hathelI meM jo bhare jAte haiN| baughAyana ne jo uparyukta tInoM lekhakoM meM sabase prAcIna haiM, isa prAyazcitta kA varNana ina zabdoM meM kiyA hai--yadi vyakti duSkRtyoM ke kAraNa apane antaHkaraNa ko bhArI samajha rahA hai to use svayaM, nakSatroM ke udita ho jAne ke uparAnta, prasUtiyAvaka lekara, arthAt ardhAJjali yA pasara bhara jau ubAlakara lapasI banAnI caahie| use na to vaizvadeva ko AhutiyA~ denI cAhie aura na balikarma hI karanA cAhie (dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 20) / agni para prasRtiyAvaka rakhane ke pUrva jau kA saMskAra karanA cAhie aura jaba vaha ubala rahA ho yA ubala jAya to aisA mantra kahanA cAhie-"tU yava hai, dhAnyoM (annoM) kA tU rAjA hai, tU varuNa ke lie pavitra hai aura madhu se sikta hai, RSiyoM ne tujhe sabhI pApoM kA nAzaka evaM pavitra mAnA hai|" isake upa: rAnta pA~ca zloka aura haiM jinameM pApakartA ko duSkRtyoM, zabdoM, vicAroM aura sabhI pApoM se ubArane ke lie kahA gayA hai aura kahA gayA hai ki usake kaSTa evaM durbhAgya naSTa ho jAyeM aura gaNoM (zreNiyoM yA jana-saMghoM), vezyAoM, zUdroM dvArA diye gaye bhojana se yA janma hone para yA zrAddha para khAye gaye bhojana se yA cora ke bhojana se yA navazrAddha (arthAt mRtyu kI pahalI, tIsarI, pA~cavIM, sAtavIM, navIM, gyArahavIM tithi para kiye gaye zrAddha) ke bhojana se jo apavitratA utpanna ho gayI ho yA bhayAnaka marmAntaka (hatyA Adi se utpanna) pApoM se, baccoM ke prati kiye gaye aparAdhoM se, rAjasabhA meM 19. kuzapalAzodumbarapayazaMkhapuSpIvaTabrahmasuvarcalAnAM patraH kvathitasyAmbhasaH pratyekaM ( pratyahaM ? ) pAnena prnnkRcchH| viSNudharmasUtra (46 / 23) /

Page #97
1090 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa bhatyatA karane se, sone kI corI se, vratollaMghana se ayogya logoM ke yahA~ paurohitya karane se tathA brAhmaNoM ke viruddha bolane se jo pApa udita ho gayA ho, usase usakA chuTakArA ho jaay| baudhAyana ne punaH Age kahA hai-jaba jau ubala rahe hoM to unakI rakSA karanI cAhie aura yaha "he bhUtAdhipati rudra logo, Apako namaskAra hai, AkAza prasanna hai" kahanA cAhie / pApI ko tai0 saM0 (1|2| 14|1) kA 'kRNuSva', tai0 saM0 ( 128|7|11 ) ke pA~ca vAkya 'ye devA', Rgveda (1 / 114 / 8 evaM tai0 saM0 3 / 4 / 2 / 2 ) ke do vacana 'mA nastoke', Rgveda (9 / 9 / 6 / 6 ) evaM tai0 saM0 ( 3 / 4 / 11 / 2) ke 'brahmA devAnAm' mantroM kA pATha karanA caahie| isake uparAnta pApI ko ubale hue bhojana ko dUsare pAtra meM DAlakara aura Acamana karake thor3A khAnA cAhie aura use 'ye devA' ( tai0 saM0 1 / 2 / 3 / 1) mantra ke sAtha Atma-yajJa ke rUpa meM lenA caahie| baudhAyana kA kathana hai ki jo loga jJAnArjana karanA cAhate haiM unheM isa kRtya ko tIna dinoM evaM rAtoM taka karanA caahie| jo pApI ise chaH dina karatA hai vaha pavitra ho jAtA hai, jo sAta dina karatA hai vaha mahApAtakoM se mukta ho jAtA hai, jo gyAraha dina karatA hai vaha apane pUrvajoM ke pApa bhI kATa detA hai| kintu jo vyakti isa ( prasRtiyAvaka) ko 21 dinoM taka karatA hai aura isameM gAya ke gobara se prApta jau kA prayoga karatA hai vaha gaNoM, gaNapati, sarasvatI (vidyA) evaM vidyAdhipati ke darzana karatA hai|" prAjApatya --- dekhie Upara kRcchra jahA~ yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jaba kucchU kA koI vizeSaNa na ho to use prAjApatya samajhanA caahie| manu ( 11 / 211 ), yAjJa0 ( 3 / 319), viSNu ( 47 / 10), atri ( 119-120), zaMkha (1813), bIghA0 gha0 mu0 (4/5/6 ) ne prAjApatya kA ullekha kiyA hai evaM isakI paribhASA dI hai| isa prAjApatya kaI prakAra haiM / prathama kA varNana manu (11 / 211) ne kiyA hai-- tIna-tIna dinoM kI cAra avadhiyA~ hotI haiM, jiname krama se kevala dina meM eka bAra punaH kevala rAtri meM eka bAra punaH tIna dinoM taka binA mA~ge khAnA evaM phira pUrNa upavAsa kiyA jAtA hai / arthAt prathama tIna dinoM meM kevala eka bAra dina meM dUsare tIna dinoM meM kevala rAtri meM, tIsare tIna dinoM meM binA mAMge aura cauthe tIna dinoM meM pUrNa upvaas| dUsare prakAra kA varNana vasiSTha ( 23 / 43 ) ne kiyA hai-- pahale dina kevala dina meM dUsare dina kevala rAta meM, tIsare dina kevala binA mA~ge khAyA jAtA hai aura cauthe dina pUrNa upavAsa hotA hai, yahI kriyA punaH cAra-cAra dinoM kI do avadhiyoM meM kI jAtI hai| pahale prAjApatya prakAra ko 'sthAnavivRddhi' evaM dUsare ko 'daNDakalita' kahA gayA hai| ina donoM ko 'Anulomyena' ( ucita evaM sIdhe krama se se bane ) kahA gayA hai| yadi uparyukta krama ulaTa diyA jAya, yathA- prathama tIna dinoM taka pUrNa upavAsa ho, punaH tIna dinoM taka binA mA~ge khAyA 20. artha karmabhirAtmakRtairgurumivAtmAnaM manyetAtmArthe prasRtayAvakaM zrapayeduditeSu nakSatreSu / na tato'gnau juhuyAt / na cAtra balikamaM / anRtaM zrapyamANaM zRtaM cAbhimantrayeta / yavosi dhAnyarAjosi vAruNo madhusaMyutaH / nirNodaH sarvapApAnAM pavitramRSibhiH smRtam // sarva punaya me yavAH // iti / zrapyamANe rakSAM kuryAt / namo rudrAya bhUtAdhipataye dyauH zAntA kRNuSva pAjaH prasitiM na pRthviimityetenaanuvaaken| ye devAH puraHsado'gninetrA rakSohaNa iti paJcabhiH paryAyaH / mAnastoke brahmA devAnAmiti dvAbhyAm / zUtaM ca ladhvaznIyAtprayataH pAtre niSicya / ye devA manojAtA manoyujaH surakSA kSapitaraste naH pAntu te no'vantu tebhyo namastebhyaH svAheti / Atmani juhuyAt trirAtraM medhArthI SaDAtraM pItvA pApakRcchuddho bhavati / saptarAtraM pItvA bhrUNahananaM gurutalpagamanaM suvarNastaMnyaM surApAnamiti ca punAti / ekAdazarAtraM pItvA pUrvapurukutamapi pApaM nirNudati / api vA goniSkrAntAnAM yavAnAmekaviMzatirAtraM pItvA gaNAnpazyati gaNAdhipatiM pazyati vidyAM pazyati vidyAdhipati pazyatItyAha bhagavAn baudhAyanaH / bodhA0 pa0 sU0 (3 / 6) /

Page #98
prAyazcittoM (vratoM) kA paricaya 1091 jAya, tIna dinoM taka kevala rAtri meM khAyA jAya aura Age tIna dinoM taka kevala dina meM khAyA jAya, to use 'prAtilomyena' kahA jaaygaa| isameM vaidika mantroM kA pATha ho sakatA hai yA nahIM ho sakatA ( striyoM evaM zUdroM ke viSaya meM ) / phalakuccha - isameM kevala phaloM para hI eka mAsa rahA jAtA hai| zrIkRcchra mI phalakRcchra hI hai| phaloM meM kevala bilva (bela), Amalaka ( AmalA ) evaM padmAkSa ( tAlamakhAnA ) hI khAye jAte haiM / " bAlakRcchra - dekhie zizukRcchra / bRhad-yAvaka -- prAyazcittaprakAza dvArA uddhRta brahmapurANa meM AyA hai - vyakti ko ghRta meM mizrita jau paryApta mAtrA meM gAyoM ko khAne ke lie dene caahie| isake uparAnta gAyoM ke gobara ko pAnI meM gholakara peTa se nikale hue jo pRthaka kara lene caahie| isa prakAra se prApta jI ko dhUpa meM sukhAkara svaccha patthara para pIsa DAlanA cAhie aura unameM ghI evaM tila milAkara, gomUtra meM sAnakara eka vedikA para lAyI huI agni para pakA lenA caahie| isa prakAra pakAye hue jo kisI sone ke pAtra yA palAza ke done meM rakhakara devoM evaM pitaroM ko arpita kara khAne cAhie / isa prakAra yaha kRtya 12, 24 yA 36 varSoM taka pApoM ko kATane ke lie karanA caahie| yaha prAyazcitta apane guru, bhAI, mitra yA nikaTa saMbaMdhI Adi kI hatyA para kiyA jAtA hai| brahmakUcaM - mitA0 ( yAjJa0 3 / 314 ) kA kathana hai ki jaba vyakti eka dina upavAsa karake dUsare dina paMcagavya ke padArthoM ko vaidika mantroM ke sAtha milAtA hai aura mantroM ke sAtha hI unheM grahaNa karatA hai to yaha brahmakUrca kahalAtA hai | zaMkha ke mata se gAyatrI (R0 3 / 62 / 10 ) ke sAtha gomUtra, 'gaMghadvArAm' ( tai0 A0 1011 ) ke sAtha gobara, 'ApyAyasva' (R0 1 / 91 / 16 ) ke sAtha dugdha, 'dadhikrA NoM' (R0 4139/6 ) ke sAtha daghi, 'tejosi' ( vA0 saM0 2211) ke sAtha ghRta evaM 'devasya tvA' ( vA0 saM0 22|1; aita0 brA0 36 / 3 Adi) ke sAtha kuzodaka milAye jAte haiN| jAbAla kA kathana hai ki jaba vyakti eka dina evaM rAta, vizeSataH pUrNimA ko pUrNa upavAsa karatA hai aura dUsare dina prAtaH paMcagavya pItA hai to yaha kRtya brahmakUrca kahalAtA hai| parAzara (11 / 27-28) kA mata hai ki paMcagavya evaM brahmakUrca eka hI hai / madanapArijAta ( pR0 729) evaM prAyazcittasAra ( pR0 189 ) kA kathana hai ki yAjJa0 ( 3 / 314) dvArA ti sAntapana brahmakUrca hI kahalAtA hai / " 21. yathAha mArkaNDeyaH / phalairmAsena kathitaH phalakRccho manISibhiH / zrIkRcchraH zrIphalaH proktaH padmAkSaraparastathA // mAsenAmalakairevaM zrIkRcchramaparaM smRtam / patrairmataH patrakRcchraH puSpaistatkRcchra ucyate / mUlakRcchraH smRto mUlastokRccho jalena tu // mitA0 ( yAjJa0 3 | 316; mada0 pA0 pU0 734) / madanapArijAta ke anusAra 'kvathita' ke sthAna para 'kathita' par3hanA caahie| madanapArijAta kA kathana hai--' zarIrayAtrAmAtraprayuktaphalAni mAsaM bhakSayet' / tatra sarvavratasAdhAraNe tikartavyatApi kartavyA / tAni ca phalAni kAnItyAkAMkSAmAmAha zrIkRcchraH / ' 22. yadA punaH pUrvedyurupoSyAparedyuH samantrakaM saMyujya samantrakameva paJcagavyaM pIyate tavA brahmakUrca ityAkhyAyate / mitA0 ( yAjJa0 3 / 314) / dekhie laghuzAtAtapa ( 156- 166), jahA~ brahmakUrca ko una sabhI pApoM ke lie vyavasthita kiyA gayA hai jahA~ koI viziSTa prAyazcitta na kahA gayA ho| ahorAtroSito bhUtvA paurNamAsyAM vizeSataH / paJcagavyaM pibet prAtarbrahmakUrcavidhiH smRtaH // jAbAla (prAya0 vi0, pR0 515, prAya0 prakAza evaM prathi0 ma0 pU0 22 ) / tatazca yogIzvarAbhihitaM sAntapanameva brahmakUcaM ityucyate / sa eva brahmakUcapavAsa iti / prA0 sAra (10 189 ) ; aura dekhie mada0 pA0 (pu0 729) yahA~ nimna vacana kI ora saMketa hai--' yattvagasthigataM pApaM dehe tiSThati mAnave / 65

Page #99
1092 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa brahmakRccha-dekhie hemAdri kA prAyazcitta (10963), jahA~ devala evaM mArkaNDeya kA ullekha hai| yaha 12 dinoM kA prAyazcitta hai, jisameM prati dina madhyAhna meM paMcagavya pIyA jAtA hai aura pIne ke pUrva kisI maMdira yA gozAlA meM mantroM ke sAtha agni meM usakI AhatiyA~ dI jAtI haiN| saMdhyA taka viSNu kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| kisI devapratimA ke pAsa soyA jAtA hai aura tAmbUla evaM aJjana kA prayoga chor3a diyA jAtA hai| mahAtaptakRccha-dekhie tptkRcch| mahAsAntapana--yAjJa0 (3 / 314), manu (11 / 212 =bau0 dha0 sU0 4|5|11-shNkh 1818 bRhadyama 1113), atri (117-118), viSNu (46 / 20) ke mata se sAntapana do dinoM taka calatA hai; prathama dina gomUtra, gobara, dugdha, dadhi, ghRta evaM kuzodaka arthAt paMcagavya liyA jAtA hai aura dUsare dina pUrNa upavAsa kiyA jAtA hai| mahAsAntapana prAyazcitta meM, laugAkSiguhyasUtra (73), yAjJa0 (3 / 315= devala 82=atri 118-119) ke mata se, prati dina upayukta chaH padAthoM meM kama se eka-eka kA grahaNa hotA hai aura sAtaveM dina pUrNa upavAsa kiyA jAtA hai| zaMkha (1919), bau0 dha0 sU0 (4 / 5 / 17) evaM jAbAla ke mata se mahAsAntapana 21 dinoM kA hotA hai, tIna-tIna dinoM taka uparyukta cha: padArtha grahaNa kiye jAte haiM aura antima tIna dinoM taka upavAsa kiyA jAtA hai| yama ne 15 dinoM ke mahAsAntapana kA ullekha kiyA hai jisameM kama se tIna-tIna dinoM taka gomUtra, gobara, dugdha, dadhi evaM ghRta grahaNa kiye jAte haiN| mahezvarakRccha--dekhie hemAdri (prAyazcitta, pR0 961) jahA~ devala kA havAlA dekara yaha kahA gayA hai ki madana kA nAza karane para mahezvara ke lie yaha prAyazcitta brahmA ne vyavasthita kiyA thaa| isameM aparAhna ke samaya vyakti ko khapar3A (kapAla, arthAt miTTI ke pAtra kA Tukar3A) lekara tIna vidvAn brAhmaNoM ke yahA~ zAka kI bhikSA mAMganI cAhie aura use bhagavAna ko nivedana kara khAnA cAhie tathA sAyaM devapratimA ke nikaTa sonA caahie| dUsare dina uThane ke uparAnta vyakti ko eka gau kA dAna evaM paMcagavya grahaNa karanA caahie| mUlakRccha--viSNu (46 / 15) ke anusAra isameM kevala mRNAla khAnA cAhie, kintu mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 316) ke mata se mUloM (jar3a meM utpanna honevAle khAdya padArtha, yathA kanda Adi) kA vyavahAra karanA caahie| maitrakRccha--prAyazcittaprakAza ne isakA ullekha kiyA hai| isakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki sAntapanavat isameM tIsare dina kapilA gAya kA dUdha grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| isa grantha ne kalpataru ke mata kI carcA kI hai jisake anusAra yaha sAntapana hI hai jisameM prathama dina paMcagavya ke sAre padArtha grahaNa kiye jAte haiM, phira do dina upavAsa kiyA jAtA hai| yajJakRcch--aMgirA (prAya0 sAra, pR0 182, smRtimuktA0, pa.0 939) ne ise eka dina kA vrata mAnA hai| aura yoM kahA hai-pApI ko tIna bAra snAna karanA cAhie, jitendriya evaM mauna rahanA cAhie, prAtaH snAna ke uparAnta AraMbha meM om evaM vyAhRtiyoM ke sAtha 1008 bAra gAyatrI kA japa karanA caahie| japa karate samaya vIrAsana se rahanA brahmakarbopavAsastu dahatyagnirivendhanam // ' jise prAyaH sAra (pR0 189) ne parAzara kA mAnA hai| kintu parAzara (11 // 37-38) meM yoM AyA hai--'yattva . . .dehinAm / brahmakUrcI dahetsarva pradIptAgnirivendhanam // ' 23. SaNNAmekaikameteSAM trirAtramupayojayet / vyahaM copavasedantya mahAsAntapanaM viduH|| jAbAla (aparAka, pR0 1234; parA0 mA0 2, bhAga 1, pR0 31) / vyahaM pibettu gomUtraM vyahaM vai gomayaM pibet / myahaM dadhi vyahaM kSIraM yahaM sarpistataH shuciH|| mahAsAntapanametatsarvapApapraNAzanam / yama (mitA0, yAjJa0 3315, prAya0 sAra pR0 191, parA0 mA0 2, bhAga 1, pR0 31) / 24. bisAbhyavahAreNa muulkRcchH| viSNu0 (46 / 15) /

Page #100
prAyazcittoM (vatoM) kA paricaya 1093 caahie| vyakti ko khar3e hokara yA baiThakara godugdha pInA caahie| yadi dugdha na mile to gAya ke daghi yA takra yA gomUtra ke sAtha (dugdha, dahI yA takra ke abhAva meM) yAvaka pInA caahie| yaha eka dina kA yajJakRccha nAmaka prAyazcitta sabhI pApoM ko harane vAlA hotA hai| yaticAndrAyaNa-manu (12218 bau0 gha0 sU0 4 / 5 / 20), agni0 (171 / 4) evaM viSNu (477) ne isa prAyazcitta meM eka mAsa taka kevala eka bAra haviSya anna ke ATha grAsa khAne tathA AtmaniyantraNa karane ko kahA hai / 25 __ yatisAntapana-mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 314) ke mata se jaba paMcagavya ke padArtha kuzodaka ke sAtha milAkara lagAtAra tIna dinoM taka khAye jAte haiM to yaha yatisAntapana kahA jAtA hai| prAya0 prakaraNa (pR0 128) ne tIna dinoM ke uparAnta eka dina upavAsa bhI jor3a diyA hai| yAmya-viSNudharmottara purANa ke anusAra isameM eka mAsa taka gobara meM se prApta anna kA sattU khAyA jAtA hai| yAvaka-zaMkha (18010-11) ke mata se eka mAsa taka gobara se prApta jau ko ubAlakara khAte hara sabhI pApoM kA nAza karane vAlA yAvaka prAyazcitta kiyA jAtA hai| parA0 mA0 (2, bhAga 2, pa0 192) evaM prAya0 prakAza ne devala kA uddharaNa dekara kahA hai ki yaha vrata 7 dina, 15 dinoM taka yA eka mAsa taka kiyA jA sakatA hai, aura isameM prAjApatya kI vidhi apanAyI jA sakatI hai| vaja-atri (164) ne kahA hai ki jaba ghI meM bhune hue jau gomUtra meM milAkara khAye jAte haiM to vajra vrata kA pAlana hotA hai| vizvarUpa (yAjJa0 3 / 248) kA kathana hai ki aMgiras-smRti ke mata se vajra vrata vaha prAyazcitta hai jisake dvArA mahApAtakI tIna varSoM meM zuddha ho jAtA hai| aura dekhie mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 254) / vAyavyakRccha--agni0 (171 / 14) evaM viSNudharmottara ke mata se isameM eka mAsa taka prati dina kevala eka pasara (hathelI mara) bhojana kiyA jAtA hai| vRddhakRccha yA vRddhikRcchu-zaMkha-likhita (prAya0 vi0, pR0 511) evaM yama (prAya0 sAra, pR0 177) ke mata se yaha ATha dinoM taka kiyA jAtA hai, jisameM do dinoM taka kevala dina meM, do dinoM taka kevala rAta meM, do dinoM taka binA mAMge bhojana kiyA jAtA hai aura do dinoM taka pUrNa upavAsa kiyA jAtA hai| jyAsakRccha--yaha maitrakRcchra ke samAna hai| dekhie uupr| zizukRccha-ise zaMkha-likhita ne bAlakRccha, devala evaM prAyazcittamuktAvalI ne pAdakRcchra kahA hai aura yaha 25. aSTau grAsAn pratidivasaM mAsamaznIyAt sa yticaandraaynnH| viSNudharmasUtra (477) / aura dekhie prAya0 prakaraNa (pR0 121) jahA~ yaha bRhadviSNu kA vacana mAnA gayA hai| haviSya bhojana ke lie dekhie kAtyAyanahaviSyeSu yavA mukhyAstavanu bIhayaH smRtAH / abhAve vIhiyavayordadhnApi payasApi vaa| tadabhAve yavAgvA vA juhuyAbudakena vaa|| (smRticandrikA, 1, pR0 163) / gobhilasmRti (13131) meM yoM AyA hai-hvissyessu...smRtaaH| mASakodravagaurAdi sarvAlAbhe vivarjayet // aura dekhie gobhilasmRti (33114) / Azva0 gRhyasUtra (119 / 6) meM (homyaM ca mAMsavarjanam) haradatta ne uddhRta kiyA hai-'payo dadhi yavAgUzca spirodntnnddulaaH| somo mAMsa tathA tailamApazcaiva dazaiva tu||' ina bAtoM evaM haviSyAnoM ke lie dekhie kRtyaratnAkara (pR0 400) evaM nityAcArapaddhati (pR. 320) /

Page #101
1094 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa laghu-kRccha hI hai| isameM eka dina kevala dina meM, eka dina kevala rAta meM, eka dina binA mAMge kevala eka bAra bhojana kiyA jAtA hai aura eka dina pUrNa upavAsa kiyA jAtA hai| aura dekhie vasiSTha (23 / 43, haradatta, gautama 265), bau0 gha0 sU0 (2 / 1192 ) evaM yAjJa0 (3 / 318) / zizu-cAndrAyaNa-manu (111219), bau0 gha0 sU0 (4 / 5 / 19), agni0 (171 / 5) ke mata se jaba koI brAhmaNa eka mAsa taka prAtaH kevala cAra grAsa, sAyaM kevala cAra grAsa khAtA hai, to use zizu-cAndrAyaNa (baccoM evaM bar3oM Adi ke lie) kahA jAtA hai| zItakRccha-yaha taptakRccha kA ulaTA hai, kyoMki isameM sabhI padArtha zItala rUpa meM khAye jAte haiN| dekhie viSNu (46 / 12), agni0 (17117), mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 317) / viSNu (prAya0 sAra, pR0 185 evaM madanapAri0, pR0 736 dvArA uddhRta) ke mata se yaha 10 dinoM kA (12 dinoM kA nahIM, jaisA mitA0 kA kathana hai) hotA hai, jisameM krama se tIna-tIna dina zItala jala, zItala dUdha evaM zItala ghRta khAyA jAtA hai aura eka dina pUrNa upavAsa kiyA jAtA hai| zrIkRccha--viSNu (46 / 16), agni0 (171 / 12) evaM mitA0 (yAjJa0 31316) ke anusAra isameM eka mAsa taka bilvaphala yA kamala ke bIja (padmAkSa, tAlamakhAnA) khAye jAte haiN| dekhie madanapArijAta (pR0 737) / sAntapana-dekhie Upara mahAsAntapana evaM atisAntapana / yaha pA~ca prakAra kA hai, yathA-prathama do dinoM kA, dUsarA 7 dinoM kA, tIsarA 11 dinoM kA (atisAntapana), cauthA 15, dinoM kA tathA pA~cavA~ 21 dinoM kaa| sura-cAndrAyaNa-isameM eka mAsa taka kula milAkara binA lagAtAra ghaTatI-bar3hatI kiye 240 grAsa khAye jAte haiN| yAjJa0 (3 / 324) ne ise cAndrAyaNa kA eka prakAra mAnA hai| viSNudharmasUtra (47 / 9) ne ise sAmAnya cAndrAyaNa kI saMjJA dI hai| suvarNakRccha-dekhie hemAdri (prAyazcitta, pR0 969-972), jahA~ devala evaM mArkaNDeyapurANa kA uddharaNa diyA huA hai| isameM eka varAha yA isakA AdhA yA cauthAI sonA dAna kiyA jAtA hai| eka varAha nau rUpakoM tathA eka rUpaka pA~ca gujAoM vAle eka mASa ke barAbara hotA hai| gupta rUpa se brahmahatyA para yA vyabhicAra (mAtA, bahina, putra-vadhU Adi se) para dasa sahasra yA 40 sahasra suvarNa-kRccha tathA anya halake pApoM ke lie kama saMkhyA vAle suvarNakRccha kiye jAte haiN| ___ somAyana-madanapArijAta (pR0 746, jisameM hArItadharmasUtra evaM mArkaNDeya0 kA havAlA diyA huA hai) evaM prAyazcittaprakAza ke mata se yaha prAyazcitta 30 dinoM kA hotA hai, jisameM krama se 7, 7, 7, 6 evaM 3 dinoM kI pAMca avadhiyA~ hotI haiM. jinameM krama se gAya ke cAroM stanoM, do stanoM, tIna stanoM evaM eka stana kA dudha grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai aura antima tIna dinoM taka pUrNa upavAsa kiyA jAtA hai| anya prakAra 24 dinoM kA hotA hai, jisameM kRSNa pakSa kI caturthI se lekara zakla pakSa kI dvAdazI taka kI avadhi hotI hai aura 24 dina meM tIna-tIna dinoM ke ATha bhAga kara diye jAte haiM: prathama cAra bhAgoM meM krama se cAra stanoM, tIna stanoM, do stanoM evaM eka stana kA dUdha liyA jAtA hai aura Age ke cAra bhAgoM meM krama se eka stana, do stanoM, tIna stanoM evaM cAra stanoM kA dUdha grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| dekhie prAyazcittenduzekhara (pR0 12) / 26. laghukRcchsyai va dhizukRccha iti naamaantrm| prAya0 mayUkha (pR0 21) /

Page #102
prAyazcittoM (vatoM) kA paricaya 1095 saumpakRpAcha-yAjJa0 (3 / 321) ke mata se yaha cha: dinoM taka kiyA jAtA hai| prathama pAMca dinoM taka krama se tela kI khalI, cAvala ubAlate samaya kA phena, takra, kevala jala evaM jau kA sattU khAyA jAtA hai aura chaThe dina pUrNa upavAsa kiyA jAtA hai| mitA0, madanapArijAta (pR0 717), prAya0 sAra (pR0 178) evaM anya nibandhoM ke mata se uparyukta padArtha utanI hI mAtrA meM khAye jAne cAhie ki vyakti kisI prakAra jIvita raha ske| jAbAla (mitA0, parA0 2, bhAga 2, pR0 183 Adi dvArA uddhRta) ne ise cAra dinoM kA vrata mAnA hai, jisameM prathama tIna dinoM taka krama se tela kI khalI, sattU evaM taka khAye jAte haiM aura cauthe dina pUrNa upavAsa hotA hai| atri (128-129) ne bhI isakA ullekha kiyA hai| prAyazcittaprakAza ne brahmapurANa ko uddhata karate hue kahA hai ki isakA eka prakAra chaH dinoM kA hotA hai jisameM prathama dina pUrNa upavAsa kiyA jAtA hai, antima dina meM kevala sattU khAyA jAtA hai aura bIca ke cAra dinoM meM gomUtra meM pakAyI huI jau kI lapasI khAyI jAtI hai| " 27. prakArAntareNa SaDahaH saumyakRccha ukto brahmapurANe-prathame'hani nAznIyAtsaumyakRcchepi srvdaa| gomUtrayAvakAhAraH SaSThe saktUMca tatsamAn // praayshcitprkaash|

Page #103
adhyAya 6 prAyazcitta na karane ke pariNAma smRtiyoM, purANoM evaM nibandhoM ne ghoSita kiyA hai ki prAyazcitta na karane se pApI ko duSpariNAma bhugatane par3ate haiN| yAjJa0 (3 / 221) kA kathana hai ki pApakRtya ke phalasvarUpa samyak prAyazcitta na karane se parama bhayAvaha evaM kaSTakAraka narakayAtanA sahanI par3atI hai| manu (12 / 54) evaM yAjJa0 (3 / 206) ne pratipAdita kiyA hai ki jo vyakti gambhIra evaM anya pAtakoM ke lie samyak prAyazcitta nahIM karate ve bhA~ti-bhAMti kI naraka-yAtanAe~ bhugatane ke uparAnta punaH isa loka meM Ate haiM aura nimna koTi ke pazuoM, kITa-pataMgoM, latA-gulmoM ke rUpa meM prakaTa hote haiM / manu (1153) ne Adeza diyA hai ki pApamukti ke lie vyakti ko prAyazcitta karanA caahie| kyoMki ve loga, jo (prAyazcitta dvArA) pApoM ko naSTa nahIM karate, punaH janma grahaNa karate haiM aura azubha cihnoM yA lakSaNoM (madde nakha, kAle dAta Adi) se yukta ho jAte haiN| unhoMne punaH (11148) kahA hai ki duSTAtmA vyakti isa jIvana evaM pUrva jIvana meM kiye gaye duSkarmoM ke kAraNa vikalAMga hote haiM aura unake aMga-pratyaMga bhaddI AkRtiyoM vAle ho jAte haiN| viSNupurANa ne yAjJa0 (3 / 221) kI hI bAta kahI hai| viSNudharmottara ne ghoSita kiyA hai ki ve pApI jo prAyazcitta nahIM karate aura na rAjA dvArA daNDita hote haiM, naraka meM gira par3ate haiM, tiryagyoni meM janma-grahaNa karate haiM aura manuSyayoni pAne para bhI zarIra-doSoM se yukta hote haiN| viSNudharmasUtra ne vyavasthA dI hai ki pApI loga nArakIya jIvana ke duHkhoM kI anubhUti karane ke uparAnta tiryak yoni meM par3ate haiM, aura jo atipAtaka, mahApAtaka, anupAtaka, upapAtaka, jAtibhraMzakaraNa karma, saMkarIkaraNa, apAtrIkaraNa, malinIkaraNa evaM prakIrNa pApakRtya karate haiM, ve krama se sthAvara yoni (vanaspati), kRmi-yoni, pakSi-yoni, jalajayoni, jalacarayoni, mRgayoni, pazu-yoni, aspRzya-yoni evaM hisra-yoni meM par3a jAte haiN|' viSNudharmasUtra (45 / 1) ne punaH kahA hai ki naraka kI yAtanAoM ko mugata lene evaM tiryakoM kI yoni meM janma lene ke uparAnta jaba pApI manuSya-yoni meM Ate haiM to pApoM ko batalAne vAle lakSaNoM se yukta hI rahate haiN|' 1. pApakRdyAti narakaM prAyazcittaparAGmukhaH / viSNupurANa (4 / 5 / 21; parA0 mA0 2, bhAga 2, pR0 209) / 2. prAyazcittavihInA ye raajbhishcaapyvaasitaaH| narakaM pratipadyante tiryagyoni tathaiva ca // mAnuSyamapi cAsAdya bhavantIha tthaaNkitaaH| viSNudharmottara0 (2 / 73 / 4-5); parA0 mA0 2, bhAga 2, pR0 210 evaM prAya0vi0 (pR0 120) / 3. atha pApAtmanAM narakeSvanubhUtaduHkhAnA tiryagyonayo bhavanti / atipAtakinAM paryAyeNa sarvAH sthAvarayonayaH / mahApAtakinAM ca kRmiyonayaH / anupAtakinAM pkssiyonyH| upapAtakinAM jalajayonayaH / kRtajAtibhraMzakarANAM jlcryonyH| kRtasaMkarIkaraNakarmaNAM mRgyonyH| kRtApAtrIkaraNakarmaNAM pazuyonayaH / kRtamalinIkaraNakarmaNAM mnussyedhvspRshyyonyH| prakIrNeSu prakIrNA hiMsrAH kravyAdA bhavanti / viSNudharmasUtra (44 / 1-10) / 4. atha narakAbhibhUtaduHkhAnA tiryaktvamuttIrNAnAM manuSyeSu lakSaNAni bhvnti| vi0 dha0 sU0 (45 / 1) /

Page #104
svarga aura naraka kI dhAraNA 1097 uparyukta kathanoM se prakaTa hotA hai ki prAyazcittoM yA rAjadaNDa se vihIna hone para vyakti naraka meM par3atA hai| duSkarma phaloM ke avaziSTa rahane para nIca yoniyoM meM gira par3atA hai aura manuSya-yoni meM Ane para bhI rogagrasta yA vikalAMga rahatA hai| aba hama saMkSepa meM naraka evaM svarga ko dhAraNA kA vivecana upasthita kareMge / Rgveda meM naraka ke viSaya meM spaSTa saMketa nahIM milatA / kucha RcAe~ avalokanIya haiN| yathA-Rgveda (2 / 29 / 6, 3 / 5 / 5, 7104 / 3, 7 / 104 / 11, 10 / 15214, 9 / 738) jahA~ kama se aisI bAteM AyI haiM-'gaDDhe se merI rakSA kIjie, isameM girane se bacAie'; 've loga jo Rta evaM satya se vihIna haiM, pApI hone ke kAraNa apane lie gaharA sthAna banAte haiM'; 'he indra evaM soma, duSToM ko mArakara alaga andhakAra meM DAla do !' 'jo koI mujhe rAta yA dina meM hAni pahuMcAne kI icchA karatA hai use zarIra evaM santAnoM se vaMcita kara tInoM pRthiviyoM ke nIce DAla do'; 'jo loga soma ke AdezoM kA pAlana na kareM aura jinase soma ghaNA kare, kudaSTi se dekhe unheM gaDDhe meM pheMka do|' ina vaidika vacanoM se prakaTa hotA hai ki RgvedIya RSigaNa ko kucha aisA vizvAsa thA ki pRthivI ke nIce koI andha garta hai jahA~ devoM dvArA duSTa ko pheMka diyA jAtA thaa| kintu Rgveda meM naraka kI yAtanA kI koI carcA nahIM hai| atharvaveda meM naraka ke viSaya meM spaSTa ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| atharvaveda (2 / 14 / 3) ke anasAra (pRthivI ke) nIce aiMdrajAlika (mAyAvI) evaM rAkSasa nivAsa karate haiN| atharvaveda (5 / 30 / 11) ne eka vyakti ko mRtyu se, gambhIra kAle aMdhakAra se nikala Ane ko kahA hai| atharvaveda (5 / 19 / 3) meM AyA hai ki jo vyakti kisI brAhmaNa ke sammukha thUkatA yA jo usa para dhana-kara lagAtA hai, vaha rakta kI nadI ke madhya meM bAloM ko dA~ta se kATatA rahatA hai| atharvaveda (12 / 4 / 36) meM 'naraka-loka' kA ullekha hai| vAjasaneyI saMhitA (30 / 5) meM vIrahA (jo agnihotra ko tyAga detA hai) ko naraka meM jAne ko kahA hai| 'vIrahA' kA artha vIra ko mAranevAlA' bhI ho sakatA hai, kintu yahA~ isakA artha yaha nahIM hai| zatapatha brAhmaNa (11 / 6 / 1 / 4) meM hameM naraka-yAtanA kI ora saMketa milatA hai, yathA--aparAdhoM ke kAraNa loga dUsare ke zarIra ke aMga kATa DAlate haiN| te. A0 (1119) meM cAra narakoM kA ullekha hai, yathA--visI, avisI, viSAdI evaM aviSAdI jo krama se dakSi pUrva, dakSiNa-pazcima, uttara-pazcima evaM uttara-pUrva meM haiN| kaThopaniSad (2 / 5 / 6) ke samaya meM aisA vizvAsa thA ki jo paramatattva ko nahIM jAnate aura kevala bhautika jagata ke astitva meM hI vizvAsa karate haiM, ve bAra-bAra janma lete haiM aura yama ke hAtha meM par3a jAte haiN| isa upaniSad (5 / 7) meM punaH AyA hai ki kucha loga matyUparAnta apane karmoM evaM jJAna se zarIra dhAraNa karate haiM aura kucha loga sthAvara (per3a Adi) ho jAte haiN| kiMtu isa upaniSad meM naraka-yAtanAoM kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| sambhavataH mahAkAvyoM evaM purANoM ke samaya kI dhAraNAe~ una dinoM pracalita nahIM thiiN| kaThopaniSad ke Arambhika zabda (1121 devairatrApi vicikitsitam) yaha batAte haiM ki usa samaya meM bhI maranevAloM ke bhAgya ke viSaya meM kaI dhAraNAe~ thiiN| kauSItaki brAhmaNa (113) ne ghoSita kiyA hai ki jisa prakAra isa vizva meM loga pazuoM kA mAMsa khAte haiM, usI prakAra dUsare loka meM pazu unheM khAte haiN| svarga ke viSaya meM dhAraNAe~ apekSAkRta adhika spaSTa haiN| kucha RcAoM meM tIna svargoM kA ullekha hai, yathA Rgveda (1135 / 6, 8 / 5 / 8, 814119, 9 / 113 / 9) / dayAlu dAtA yA pUjaka svarga meM jAtA hai, devoM se milatA hai ; mitra 5. 'svarga' evaM 'naraka' ke viSaya meM dekhie e0 e0 maikaDonela kRta 'vedika mAithaoNlaoNjI', pR0 167170; pro0 kothakRta 'relijina eNDa philAsaphI Ava do veda eNDa upaniSadsa', pR0 405-410; jarnala Ava amerikana orieNTala sosAiTI, jilda 13, pR0 53, jilda 61, pR076-80, jilda 62, pR0 150-156 /

Page #105
1098 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa evaM varuNa jaise deva amaratA dene ke lie prArthita hue haiM (R0 11125 / 5; 5 / 6312; 10.107 / 2) / svarga kA jIvana AnandoM evaM prakAzoM se paripUrNa hai aura vahAM ke logoM kI sabhI icchAeM pUrNa ho jAtI haiM (R0 9 / 113 / 10-11) / R0 (9 / 113 / 8) meM kavi kahatA hai-'mujhe (svarga meM) amara kara do, jahA~ rAjA vaivasvata rahate haiM, jahAM sUrya bandI hai (kabhI nahIM asta hotA) aura jahA~ daivI jala bahate haiM jo vyakti yajJa nahIM karatA, pUjA nahIM karatA, indra ke atirikta anya logoM ke AdezoM kA pAlana karatA hai, vaha svarga se nIce pheMka diyA jAtA hai (R0 870 / 11) / eka RSi harSAtireka meM kahate haiM-'hamane soma kA pAna kiyA hai, hama amara ho gaye haiM, hama prakAza (svarga) ko prApta ho gaye haiM aura hamane devoM ko jAna liyA hai, zatru yA hAni pahuMcAne vAle hamArA kyA kara leMge jo abhI taka maraNazIla rahe haiM ?" pavitra hokara mRta loga svarga meM apane iSTApUrta (yajJoM evaM dAnapuNya-karmoM se utpanna dharma yA guNa) evaM apane pUrvajoM se mila jAte haiM aura dedIpyamAna zarIra se yukta ho jAte haiM (R0 1011418) / jo tapa karate haiM yA jo aise yajJoM kA sampAdana karate haiM, jinameM dakSiNA sahasroM gauoM taka pahu~ca jAtI hai, ve svarga pahu~cate haiM (R0 10 / 15411-3) aura vahA~ unake lie soma, ghI evaM madhu kA pravAha hotA hai| svarga meM yama kA nivAsa rahatA hai aura vahA~ bA~suriyoM evaM gItoM kA nAda hotA rahatA hai (R0 101135 / 7) / atharvaveda apekSAkRta adhika laukika hai aura usameM svarga ke viSaya meM adhika sUcanAe~ bhI haiN| aisA kahA gayA hai ki dAtA svarga meM jAtA hai jahA~ abala logoM ko sabala logoM ke lie zulka nahIM denA par3atA (atharvaveda 3 / 29 / 3) / atharvaveda (3 // 34 / 2, 5-6) meM kahA gayA hai ki svargika loka meM vahA~ ke nivAsiyoM ke lie bahuta-sI striyA~ hotI haiM, unheM bhojya paudhe evaM puSpa prApta hote haiM, vahA~ ghI ke hrada (tAlAba), dugdha evaM madhu kI nadiyA~ hotI haiM, surA jala kI bhA~ti bahatI rahatI haiM aura nivAsiyoM ke caturdika kamaloM kI puSkariNiyA~ hotI haiN| svarga meM guNavAn loga prakAzAnanda pAte haiM aura unake zarIra rogamukta rahate haiN| atharvaveda (6 / 12013 Adi) meM mAtA-pitA, patnI, putroM (12 / 3.17) se milane kI icchA abhivyakta kI gayI hai| tai0 saM0 meM svarga ke viSaya meM prabhUta saMketa haiM, hama kevala eka kI carcA yahA~ kara rahe haiM--aisA AyA hai ki jo jyotiSToma yajJa meM adAbhya pAtra kI Ahuti karatA hai vaha isa loka se jItA hI svarga calA jAtA hai| tai0 brA0 (1 / 5 / 2 / 5-6) meM AyA hai jo yajJa karate haiM ve AkAza meM dedIpyamAna nakSatra ho jAte haiM / zata0 brA0 (11 / 11816) kA kathana hai--yaha yajamAna, jo apane uddhAra yA mokSa ke lie yajJa karatA hai, vaha dUsare loka (svarga) meM isa pUrNa zarIra ke sAtha hI janma letA hai|' tai0 brA0 (3 / 10 / 11) meM 6. apAma somamamRtA abhUmAganma jyotiravidAma devAn / kiM nUnamasmAn kRNavadarAtiH kimu dhUtiramRtaM martyasya // R0 (814833) / 7. naiSAM ziznaM pradahati jAtavedAH svarge loke bahu straNameSAm / ghRtaladA madhukUlAH surokkAH kSIreNa pUrNA udakena danA // etAstvA dhArA upayantu sarvAH svarga loke mdhumtpinvmaanaaH| upa tvA tiSThantu puSkariNIH smntaaH|| atharva0 (4 // 342 evaM 6) / yatrA suhArdaH sukRto madanti vihAya rogaM tanvaH svaayaaH| azloNA aMgairahatAH svarga tatra pazyema pitarau ca putrAn ||athrv0 (6 / 120 // 3); svarga lokamabhi no nayAsi saM jAyayA saha putraH syAma // atharva0 (12 / 3 / 17) / 8. ki tadyane yajamAnaH kurute yena jIvansuvarga lokametIti jIvagraho vA eSa yavadAmyo'nabhiSatasya gRhNAti jIvantamevainaM suvarga lokaM gamayati // tai0 saM0 (66 / 9 / 2) / 9. 'yo vA iha yajate amuM sa lokaM nakSate...devagahA vai nakSatrANi / ' ta0 vA0 (115525-6) / sa ha sarvatanUreva yajamAno'muSmilloke sambhavati ya evaM vidvAn niSkRtyA yajate / zata0 mA0 (11311806) /

Page #106
svarga aura naraka kI dhAraNA evaM punarjanma 1099 mRtyu ke uparAnta AtmA kI avasthiti kI carcA dRDhatApUrvaka kI gayI hai| uparyukta vacanoM se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki pavitra logoM evaM vIragati prApta hue logoM ko svarga prApta hotA thA aura unheM isa loka kI sundara khAdya vastue~, yathA ghRta, madhu Adi vahA~ pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha hote the / mekaDonela kA yaha kathana ki "laukika vastuoM evaM AnandoM se pUrNa kalpanA kA svarga purohitoM ke lie thA na ki yoddhAoM ke lie", ThIka nahIM hai (dekhie vedika mAithaoNlaoNjI, pR0 168, R0 10 / 154 / 3) / isa bAta ke lie ki vaidika kAla meM yoddhA loga purohitoM ke samAna hI vizvAsa nahIM rakhate the, koI pramANa nahIM hai / pazcAtkAlIna granthoM, yathA bhagavadgItA (2 / 37 ), raghuvaMza ( 7 / 51 ) meM AyA hai ki yuddha meM vIragati prApta loga svarga meM jAte haiM aura sundara striyoM ke saMsarga kI suvidhA pAte haiN| aisI dhAraNAe~ sabhI prAcIna dharmoM meM pAyI gayI haiM / una dinoM isa pRthivI ko samatala kahA gayA evaM isake Upara devI vastuoM se yukta AkAza kI sthiti mAnI gayI thI / bRhadAraNyakopaniSad (4 / 3 / 33) evaM tai0 upa0 (228) meM kahA gayA hai ki devoM kA loka mayoM ke loka se saikar3oM gunA Anandamaya hai / kaThopaniSad (1 / 12 ) meM AyA hai svayaM yama ne kahA hai ki svarga meM na bhaya hai, na jarA (vRddhAvasthA) hai, vahA~ ke nivAsI bhUkha pyAsa evaM cintA se vikala nahIM hote, pratyuta AnandoM ke bIca vicaraNa kiyA karate haiM / " vedAntasUtra ( 1 / 2 / 28 ) meM zaMkarAcArya ne kauSItaki brAhmaNopaniSad ( 39 ) kA uddharaNa dete hue kahA hai ki pApiyoM kA nivAsasthala isa loka ke nIce yA pRthivI hai / " chAndogyopaniSad ( 511017) meM AyA haijinake AcaraNa ramaNIya haiM, ve zIghra hI acchA janma - brAhmaNa, kSatriya yA vaizya kA janma -- paayeNge| jinake AcaraNa azobhana haiM, ve zIghra hI kapUya ( burA) janma-kutte, sUkara yA cANDAla kA janma - pAyeMge / hamAre samakSa do siddhAMtoM kA jaTila sammizraNa upasthita ho jAtA hai / vaidika kAla kA maulika siddhAnta thA svarga evaM naraka, jo adhikAMza meM sabhI dharmoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| Age calakara jaba karma evaM punarjanma kA siddhAnta bhArata meM sarvamAnya ho gayA to svarga-naraka sambandhI siddhAnta pariSkRta huA aura kahA gayA ki kabhI svarga ke Ananda evaM naraka kI yAtanAe~ samApta ho sakatI haiM aura pApI Age ke janma meM pazu yA vRkSa yA mAnava ke rUpa meM rogagrasta evaM doSa-pUrNa zarIrAMgoM ke sAtha punaH janma leMge / yoM to (mRtyuparAnta) AtmA ke viSaya meM hama antyeSTi evaM zrAddha ke pariccheda meM varNana kreNge| kintu yahA~ jaba hama svarga evaM naraka kI carcA kara rahe haiM to yama ke viSaya meM kucha kahanA atyAvazyaka hai| Rgveda (10 / 48 / 1) meM yama svata ( vivastrAn yA sUrya kA putra) kahA gayA hai| yaha bhArata pArasIya devatA hai| Rgveda (10 / 14 ) meM yama kI prazasti hai, use rAjA kahA gayA hai aura vaha logoM ko ekatra karanevAlA kahA gayA hai ( 10 | 14 | 1 ) ; usane sarvaprathama svarga ke mArga kA anusaraNa kiyA hai, jahA~ mAnavoM ke pUrva- puruSa bhI gaye (10 / 14 / 2 'yamo no gAtu prathamo viveda... yatrA naH pUrve pitaraH pareyuH ' ) / isa loka se jAte hue AtmA ko kahA gayA hai ki jaba vaha pUrvapuruSoM ke mArga se jAyagA to vaha yama evaM varuNa nAmaka do rAjAoM ko dekhegaa| Rgveda (10 / 14 / 13-15) meM purohitoM se kahA gayA hai ki ve yama ke lie soma kA rasa nikAleM aura yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki yajJa yama ke pAsa pahu~catA hai aura isake lie agni hI dUta hotA hai| Rgveda 10. tasyeyaM pRthivI sarvA vittasya pUrNA syAt / sa eko mAnuSa AnandaH / te ye zataM mAnuSA AnandAH sa eko manuSyagandharvANAmAnandaH // .. . te ye zataM devAnAmAnandAH sa eka indrasyAnandaH / tai0 upa0 (228 ) / svarge loke na bhayaM kiJcanAsti na tatra tvaM na jarayA bibheti / ubhe tIrtvAzanAyApipAse zokAtigo modate svargaloke // kaThopa0 (1112) / 11. eSa evAsAdhu karma kArayati taM yamebhyo lokebhyo'dho ninISate / kau0 brA0 upa0 (319 ) / 66

Page #107
1100 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (10 / 135 / 1 ) meM yama ko devoM ke saMga soma pIte hue evaM mAnavoM kA adhipati darzAyA gayA hai| yama ke do kutte haiM ' jinakI cAra A~kheM hotI haiM, ve mArga kI rakSA karate haiM, yama ke guptacara haiM aura logoM ke bIca vicaraNa karate hue unake karmoM kA nirIkSaNa karate rahate haiN| Rgveda (10 / 97/16) meM RSi ne prArthanA kI hai -- " zapathoM ke ullaMghana ke prabhAva se paudhe hameM mukta kareM, varuNa ke AdezoM ke ullaMghana se prApta doSoM se ve mukta kareM, pApiyoM ke pairoM ko bA~dhane vAlI yama kI ber3iyoM se hameM mukta kareM aura devoM ke viruddha kiye gaye pApoM se chur3A deM / " Rgveda (10 / 165 / 4) meM yama ko mRtyu kahA gayA hai aura ullU yA kapota ko yama kA dUta mAnA gayA hai| Rgveda (1|38|5) meM marutoM ko sambodhita karate hue jo kahA gayA hai vaha uparyukta saMketoM ke virodha meM par3atA dIkhatA hai--'tumhArI prazastiyoM ke gAyaka yama ke mArga se na jaayeN|' isase prakaTa hotA hai ki yadyapi Rgveda meM yama eka devatA hai aura manuSya ke dayAlu zAsaka ke rUpa meM varNita hai, tathApi usameM bhaya kA tattva bhI sannihita hai, kyoMki usake do guptacara kutte evaM usakI upAdhi 'mRtyu' isakI ora nirdeza kara hI dete haiN| Rgveda ke samAna hI atharvaveda ne yama kA ullekha kiyA hai| atharvaveda (18|3|13 ) meM AyA hai - " yama ko Ahuti do, vaha sarvaprathama mAranevAlA mAnava thA, vaha isa loka se sabase pahale gayA, vaha vivasvAn kA putra aura manuSyoM ko ikaTThA karane vAlA hai|"" tai0 saM0 ( 5 | 18| 2 evaM 5 | 2|3|1) meM kahA gayA hai ki yama martyo ( manuyoM) kA svAmI hai aura sampUrNa pRthivI kA adhipati hai / 0 saM 0 meM ( 3 / 318-3-4 ) aisA ghoSita hai - " yama agni hai ora yaha (pRthivI evaM vedikA) yamI hai| jaba yajamAna vedI para oSadhiyA~ phailAtA hai to yama se kusIda (RNa) lenA sArthaka hai / yadi yajamAna ko binA unheM ( oSadhiyA~) jalAye isa loka se calA jAnA par3e to ve (yama ke gaNa) usake gale meM bandhana DAlakara use dUsare loka meM le jA sakate haiN|" Rgveda ( 10 | 1|4|10) meM AyA hai ki pitRgaNa yama ke sAtha prakAzAnanda pAte haiM / aitareya brAhmaNa ( 13 | 3 ) meM aisA AyA hai ki mRtyu ke pAsa pAza ( bandhana) evaM sthANu (kATha kI gadA) hote haiM, jinase duSTa karma karane vAle manuSya pakar3e jAte haiN| ina kathanoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki yama kramazaH manuSyoM ko bhayAnaka daNDa denevAlA mAnA jAne lagA thaa| purANoM meM yama ke loka evaM yama ke sahAyakoM kA jinameM citragupta mukhya hai, citravat varNana hai| udAharaNArtha, varAhapurANa ( 20511 - 10 ) meM yama evaM citragupta kI bAtacIta kA ullekha hai, jisameM citragupta mRta logoM ke karma kA phala yA bhAgya ghoSita karatA pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| agnipurANa (371 / 12 ) meM aisA AyA hai ki yama kI AjJA se citragupta ( pApI ko ) bhayAnaka narakoM meM girAne kI ghoSaNA karatA hai / aba hama uttarakAlIna vaidika sAhitya, sUtroM, smRtiyoM, purANoM evaM nibandhoM meM pratipAdita svarga-naraka kI bhAvanAoM para vicAra kreNge| nirukta ( 1 / 11) ne katipaya vaidika mantroM kI carcA kI hai, yathA - "yadi hama (striyA~) apane patiyoM ke prati duSTAcaraNa kareMgI to hama naraka meM gira sakatI haiN|" nirukta ne naraka kI vyutpatti do prakAra se kI hai; ni | araka (nyaraka) arthAt (pRthivI ke) nIce jAnA, yA na + ra +ka (naraka) arthAt jahA~ Ananda ke lie tanika bhI sthAna na ho| eka anya sthAna ( 2 / 11) para nirukta ne putra ko putra isalie kahA hai ki vaha ( pitA ko ) put nAmaka naraka se bacAtA hai / putra kI yahI vyutpatti manu ( 9 | 138 -- Adiparva 229/14 viSNudharmasUtra 15/44) ne bhI kI hai| gautama (13 / 7 ) ne satya bolane vAle ko svarga aura asatya bolane vAle ko naraka milane kI bAta kahI hai| gautama ke mata se apanI jAti ke karmoM ko na karane se dvijoM kA patana hotA hai, pApoM ke kAraNa vyakti 12. yo mamAra prathamo martyAnAM yaH preyAya prathamo lokametam / vaivasvataM saMgamanaM janAnAM yamaM rAjAnaM haviSA saparyaMta // atharva 0 ( 18|3|13) /

Page #108
karmaphala aura narakoM kA nirUpaNa 1101 apane sat karmoM kA phala usa loka meM nahIM paataa| anya logoM kA mata hai ki naraka jAtikarma-yogyatA kI kamI evaM sat karmoM ke phala kI hAni kA dyotaka hai| gautama kA apanA mata hai ki naraka vaha viziSTa sthAna hai jahA~ vyakti kevala kaSTa evaM duHkha pAtA rahatA hai| gautama kA dRDha mata hai ki katipaya varNoM evaM AzramoM ke loga apane-apane dharmoM (karmoM) kI niSThatA ke kAraNa isa jIvana ke uparAnta karma-phala bhogate haiM aura sampUrNa karmoM ke avaziSTa phaloM ke kAraNa viziSTa deza, jAti, kula, rUpa, Ayu, zruta (vidyA), vRtta (AcaraNa), vitta (ghana), sukha, medhA (buddhi) ke anusAra zarIra dhAraNa kara janma lete haiM, aura jo loga viparIta karma karate haiM ve bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke janma grahaNa karate haiM aura nAza ko prApta hote haiN|" Apa0 dha0 sU0 (1 / 4 / 12 / 12) kA kathana hai ki yadi vyakti indriyopabhoga ke lie hI karmarata rahatA hai to vaha naraka ke yogya hai| anya sthAna para punaH kathana hai ki jaba vyakti dharma kA ullaMghana karatA hai to naraka hI usakA bhAgya hai| niSkAma karmoM ke phalasvarUpa svarga kA sukha prApta hotA hai| vedAntasUtra (2 / 1113) ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki yamaloka (saMyamana) meM karmaphala bhoga kara lene ke uparAnta duSkarma karanevAle isa martyaloka meM Ate haiN| vedAntasUtra (3 / 1 / 15) meM naraka sAta prakAra ke kahe gaye haiN| pANini (3 / 2 / 38) ne mahAraurava kA vigraha batAyA hai| pANini (3 / 2188) kI TIkA kAzikA meM eka vaidika zloka uddhRta hai jisameM mAtRhantA ko sAtaveM naraka kA bhAgI mAnA gayA hai| viSNupurANa (1 / 6 / 41) ne sAtoM naraka lokoM ke nAma diye haiMtAmitra, aMvatAmisra, mahAraurava, raurava, asipatravana, kAlasUtra evaM abiici| anyatra (2 / 6 / 2-5) 26 nAma diye hue haiN| zaMkha-likhita (madanapArijAta, pa0 694695) ne kumbhIpAka, rorava, mahAraurava Adi narakoM kI yAtanAoM kA vizada varNana kiyA hai| manu (4 / 88-90), yAjJa0 (3 / 222-224), viSNudharmasUtra (4 / 3 / 2 / 22), agni0 (371)20-20) evaM nArada (prakIrNaka, 44) ne 21 narakoM kA varNana upasthita kiyA hai| sabhI nAma eka-jaise haiM, jo antara hai vaha lipikoM kI likhAvaTa ke vibhinna rUpoM ke kAraNa hai| mana ke anusAra 21 nAma ye haiM-tAmisra (andhakAra), andhatAmisra (aMdhA banAne vAlA andhakAra), mahAraurava, raurava (prAyazcittaviveka, pR0 15 ke mata se jalate hue taloM vAle mArgoM se AkIrNa), kAlasUtra (kumhAra ke cAka ke usa sUtra ke samAna jisase vaha miTTI ke kacce pAtroM ko do bhAgoM meM kara detA hai), mahAnaraka, saMjIvana (jahA~ jilAkara punaH mAra DAlA jAtA hai), mahAvIci (jahA~ uThatI haI lahariyoM meM vyakti ko DubA diyA jAtA hai), tapana (agni ke samAna jalatA huA). sampratApana (prAyazcittaviveka, pa015 ke mata se kumbhIpAka), saMghAta (choTe sthAna meM bahutoM ko rakhanA), kAkola (jahA~ vyakti kauoM kA zikAra banA diyA jAtA hai), kuDmala (jahA~ vyakti ko isa prakAra bAMdha diyA jAtA hai ki vaha baMda kalI kI bhA~ti lagatA hai), pUtimRttika (jahA~ durgandhapUrNa miTTI ho), lohazaMku (jahA~ lohe kI kIloM se bedhA jAtA hai), RjISa (jahA~ garama bAlU bichI rahatI hai), panthA (jahA~ vyakti lagAtAra 13. svargaH satyavacana viparyaye narakaH / gau0 (137) / dvijAtikarmabhyo hAniH patanana tathA paratra caasiddhiH| tameke narakam / gau0 (21 // 4-6) / antima ke viSaya meM haradatta kA kathana hai-'svamataM tu viziSTe deze duHkhekatAnasya vAso naraka iti / ' gautama ke mata ke lie aura dekhie aparArka (pR0 1045) / varNAzramAH svasvadharmaniSThAH pretya karmaphalamanubhUya tataH zeSeNa viziSTadezajAtikularUpAyuHzrutavRttavittasukhamedhaso janma prtipdynte| viSvaJco viparItA nazyanti / gau0 (9 / 29-30), aura dekhie zAMkarabhASya (vedAntasUtra 3 / 118) / 14. tadanuvartamAno narakAya rAdhyati / Apa0 50 sU0 (1 / 4 / 12 / 12); hRSTo darpati dRpto dharmamatikAmati dharmAtikame khalu punrnrkH| Apa0 dha0 sU0 (1 / 4 / 13 / 4); tataH paramanantyaM phalaM svaya'zabdaM shruuyte| Apa0 50 sU0 (2 / 9 / 23 / 12) /

Page #109
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa idhara-udhara calAyA jAtA hai), zAlmali (jahA~ semala kI rUI ke samAna zUloM se vyakti chedA jAtA hai), nadI (jahA~ prANI vaitaraNI nadI meM bahAyA jAtA hai), asipatravana (jahA~ para vyakti talavAra kI dhAroM vAle vana se kATA jAtA hai), , lohadAraka (jo aMgoM ko lohe se kATatA hai ) / manu (12/75-76 ) meM tAmisra, asipatravana evaM kumbhIpAka narakoM kA evaM kAlasUtra ( 3 / 249 ) kA phira se ullekha huA hai / aura dekhie kullUka ( mana 4 / 80-90), prAya0 vi0 ( pR0 16) evaM dIpakalikA ( yAjJa0 3 / 222 - 224) / agni0 (203 evaM 371 ) meM narakoM kI saMkhyA 144 hai / brahmapurANa ke 22veM adhyAya meM 25 narakoM kA ullekha hai aura pratyeka ke bhAgI pApiyoM kI bhI carcA kI gayI hai|" brahmavaivarta (prakRtikhaNDa, adhyAya 29 evaM 33 ) ne 86 narakakuNDoM, nAradapurANa (pUrvArdha, 1511-20 ) ne narakoM evaM yAtanAoM, padmapurANa (uttara, adhyAya 227) ne 140 narakoM evaM (adhyAya 48) kucha anya narakoM, bhaviSyapurANa (brahmaparva, 192 / 11-27) ne naraka yAtanAoM evaM ( uttaraparva, adhyAya 5-6 ) pApoM evaM narakoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / bhAgavatapurANa (5 / 26 / 6 ) ne 28 narakoM evaM anyoM ne 21 narakoM kI carcA kI hai|" aura dekhie viSNupurANa (516/2-5), skandapurANa (1, adhyAya 39 evaM 6 / 226 - 227 ), mArkaNDeyapurANa (adhyAya 12, 14/39-94) / mahAbhArata meM bhI narakoM evaM yAtanAoM kA ullekha hai / zAntiparva ( 321 / 32 ) ne vaitaraNI evaM asipatravana kA, anuzAsanaparva (23 / 60-82) ne naraka meM le jAnevAle karmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| aura dekhie anuzAsana ( 145 / 10-13), svargArohaNaparva ( 2 / 16-26 ) / vRddhahArItasmRti (9 / 167-171) ne mana dvArA prastuta adhikAMza 21 narakoM ke nAma diye haiN| ina granthoM meM narakoM ke bar3hAne kI pravRtti itanI adhika ho gayI ki brahmapurANa, viSNudharmottara0, garur3apurANa Adi ne ghoSita kiyA hai ki narakoM kI saMkhyA sahasroM, lAkhoM evaM karor3oM hai / 1102 viSNudharmasUtra ( 46 / 23 - 29 ) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki atipAtaka, anupAtaka evaM saMkarIkaraNa ke aparAdhI yadi prAyazcitta nahIM karate haiM, to ve krama se eka kalpa, eka manvantara, cAra yugoM evaM eka sahasra varSoM taka 21narakoM meM 15. yAjJa0 evaM viSNu ne mahAvIci ke sthAna para avIci par3hA hai| yAjJa0 ne sampratApana ke sthAna para samprapAtana par3hA hai ('samprapatana' kA artha hai 'gaDDhe meM pheMkanA') aura alaga se kumbhIpAka (ghar3e meM rakhakara garma karanA) jor3a diyA hai| mudrita manusmRti meM 'pratimUrtikam' AyA hai, jo kisI pANDulipi kA azuddha pATha hai| kucha pANDulipiyoM meM 'lohacAraka' AyA hai, jisakA artha 'uttapta loha para calAnA' yA 'loha zRMkhalAoM se bA~dhanA' ho sakatA hai (prAya0 vi0, pR0 16 ) / ina sabhI prakAroM kI vyAkhyA prAya0 vi0 ( pR0 15-16 ) tathA anya TIkAkAroM ne ko hai / prAyazcittaviveka ( pR0 16) dvArA uddhRta jamadagni ke mata se vaitaraNI yamaloka kI vaha nadI hai jo durgandha, rakta Adi se bharI rahatI hai, jisakA jala uSNa evaM bahuta tIkSNa dhAra vAlA hotA hai aura jisakI lahariyoM para haDDiyAM evaM bAla hote haiM / zaMkha-likhita ( ma0pA0, pR0 695 ) ne vaitaraNI ko taptodakA (uSNa jala vAlI ) kahA hai| 16. narakANAM ca kuNDAni santi nAnAvidhAni ca / nAnApurANabhedena nAmabhedAni tAni ca // SaDazItizca kuNDAni saMyamanyAM vasanti ca / brahmavaivarta, prakRtikhaNDa ( 29 / 4-6 ) / 17. khaDgazUlanipAtaizca bhidyante pApakAriNaH / narakANAM sahasreSu lakSakoTizateSu ca / svakarmopArjitairdoSaH pauDyante yamakakaraH // brahmapurANa ( 215 / 82-83 ) ; aSTAviMzatikoTyaH syurdhArANi narakANi vai / mahApAtaferrers sarve syurnarakAndhiSu / / AcandratArakaM yAvatpIDyante vividhairvadheH / atipAtakinazcAnye nirayArNavakoTiSu / / viSNudharmottara 0 ( smRtimuktAphala, prAyazcitta, pR0 859); garur3apurANa ( pretakhaNDa, 3 / 3 ) - narakANAM sahasrANi vartante hyaruNAnuja /

Page #110
svarga aura naraka kA nirUpaNa 1103 bArI-bArI se cakkara kATate rahate haiM aura anya pApI bahuta varSoM taka rahate haiN| yama (madanapArijAta, pR0 696) kA kathana hai ki mahApAtakI eka yuga taka muMha nIce kiye naraka meM par3e rahate haiN| yama ne viziSTa pApiyoM ke lie viziSTa naraka-yAtanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| bauddhoM ne apane naraka-siddhAnta ko brAhmaNadharma-sambandhI granthoM para AdhArita kiyA hai| dekhie DA. bI. sI0 laoN kRta hevena eNDa hela ina buddhisTa pasaMpekTiva (1925, pR0 111-113), jisameM ATha mahAnirayoM evaM anya halake narakoM kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| ATha mahAniraya ye haiM-sacIva, kAlasutta, saMghAta, roruva, mahAroruva, tapa, mahAtapa evaM aviici| ye nAma manu dvArA upasthApita nAmoM ke pAli rUpAntara haiN| jainoM ke granthoM meM ullikhita narakoM evaM unakI yAtanAoM ke viSaya meM dekhie uttarAdhyayana-sUtra (sekreDa buka Ava di IsTa, jilda 45, pR0 93-97) evaM sUtrakRtAGga (115, vahI, pR0279-286) / isI prakAra pArasI-bhata kI naraka-svarga-sambandhI bhAvanAoM ke lie dekhie esa0 ena0 kaMga kRta hevena evaM hela eNDa deyara lokezana ina jorASTriyanijma eNDa ina di vedaja' (1933) / bauddha pAtimoksa nAmaka pazcAttApa-sambandhI samAe~ kiyA karate the aura unhoMne 92 pAcittiya (prAyazcittIya) niyama pratipAdita kiye the (dekhie saikeDa buka oNva di IsTa, jilda 13, pR0 1-69 evaM pR0 32-55) / mahAbhArata, purANoM evaM anya granthoM meM svarga kA sundara varNana upasthita kiyA gayA hai| Rgveda evaM upaniSadoM (yathA-kaThopaniSad 1112-13 evaM 18 'zokAtigo modate svargaloke') meM svarga prakAzoM kA sthala kahA gayA hai| Rgveda (10 / 107 / 2) meM AyA hai ki jo prabhUta dakSiNA dete haiM ve svarga meM (nakSatroM ke samAna) UMcA sthAna pAte haiM, jo azva dAna karate haiM ve sUrya ke saMga meM jAte haiM aura jo sonA dete haiM (dAna karate haiM) ve amara ho jAte haiN| isa kathana kI pratidhvani vanaparva (186 / 9) meM hai|" kauSItaki upa0 (13) ne agni, vAyu, varuNa, Aditya, indra, prajApati, brahma nAmaka devalokoM kI carcA kA hai| aura dekhie bRhadAraNyakopaniSad (36) / isa upaniSad (1 / 5 / 16) ne manuSyaloka, pitRloka evaM devaloka kI carcA karate hue devaloka ko sarvazreSTha kahA hai| kauSI0 upa0 (14) se prakaTa hotA hai ki bhAgyazAlI nivAsiyoM ko devaloka meM daivI apsarAe~, mAlAeM, netraraMjana, sugandhita cUrNa, paridhAna prApta hote haiN| zaMkara (vedAntasUtra 4 / 3 / 4) ne kahA hai ki loka kA artha hai 'vaha sthAna jahA~ apane karmoM kA phalAnanda prApta hotA hai (bhogAyatana) aura hiraNyagarbha brahmaloka kA adhyakSa hai (vedAntasUtra 4 / 3 / 10) / vanaparva (54 / 17-19) meM svarga ko una vIroM kA bhI sthAna mAnA hai jo raNa meM vIragati prApta karate haiN| vanaparva (186 / 6-7) meM svargAnanda kA varNana hai; vahA~ paMkahIna evaM suvarNakamala-puSpayukta jalAzaya haiM, jinake taTa para guNavAna loga rahate haiM, apsarAeM jinakA sammAna karatI haiM evaM unake zarIroM meM sugandhita kAntivardhaka aMgarAga lagAtI haiM, ve AbhUSaNa dhAraNa karate haiM aura dIptimAn svarNima raMgoM vAle hote haiN| ye suvidhAe~ brahmapurANa (225 / 5-6) meM varNita nandana vana meM bhI pAyI jAtI haiN| vanaparva (261 / 28-29) ne svarga meM jAne kA eka doSa bhI batAyA hai, yathA-vahA~ satkarmoM kA phala mAtra milatA hai, naye guNa saMgRhIta nahIM hote, vyakti saMgRhIta guNoM ke mUladhana kA hI vyaya karatA hai, jaba vaha samApta ho jAtA hai to vaha nIce calA AtA hai, kintu vaha manuSya-yoni meM hI utpanna hotA hai aura Ananda kA upabhoga karatA hai| anuzAsana0 (23384-102), brahmapurANa (224 / 9-14, 18-25 evaM 30-37) ne una karmoM kA 18. kalpa, manvantara evaM yuga ke lie dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 3, adhyAya 34 // 19. paraM lokaM gopradAsvApnuvanti dattvAnaDuhaM sUryalokaM vrjnti| vAso dattvA cAndramasaMtu lokaM dattvA hiraNyamamaratvameti // vana0 (1899) /

Page #111
1104 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ullekha kiyA hai jinase svarga-prApti hotI hai| aura dekhie anuzAsana0 (144 / 5 / 15, 19-26 evaM 31-39; 145) / zAntiparva (99 / 4-5) meM AyA hai ki svarga raNa meM mRta vIroM se pUrNa hai, vahA~ gandharvakumAriyAM rahatI haiM, svarga meM sabhI kAMkSAeM pUrNa hotI haiM, kAyaroM ko naraka milatA hai| zAtiparva (192 / 8 evaM 21) meM AyA hai ki svarga uttara meM hai, vahA~ bhUkha, pyAsa, thakAvaTa, jarA, pApa (191 / 13; 193 / 27) nahIM hote; acche vyakti nakSatra ke samAna dIkhate haiM (271224) / matsyapurANa (276317) meM aisA AyA hai ki jo brahmANDadAna (16 mahAdAnoM meM eka) karatA hai vaha viSNuloka jAtA hai aura apsarAoM ke sAtha Ananda pAtA hai| aura dekhie brahmapurANa (225 / 6-7), jahA~ aisA kahA gayA hai ki udAra dAtA svarga jAtA hai, jahA~ use apsarAoM dvArA paramocca Ananda milatA hai aura vaha nandanavana kA upabhoga karatA hai; jaba vaha svarga se nIce AtA hai to dhanI, kulIna parivAra meM janma pAtA hai| aura dekhie garuDapurANa (213186-89) / Age aura kucha likhanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| svarga evaM usake AnandoM ke viSaya meM do bAteM vicAraNIya haiM--smRtiyoM evaM purANoM meM dAna-sambandhI hAni-lAbha kI bAteM dI huI haiN| svarga ke Anandopabhoga kI eka sImA hai arthAt vyakti punaH lauTa AtA hai aura manuSya-deha dhAraNa karatA hai| yaha siddhAnta punaH Age bar3hA aura kahA gayA ki kevala sat karmoM se hI janma-maraNa (AvAgamana) se chuTakArA nahIM mila sktaa| smRtiyoM evaM purANoM meM savistara varNita naraka kI bhayAnaka yAtanAoM kA varNana yahA~ Avazyaka nahIM hai| udAharaNArtha, viSNudharmasUtra (43 / 32-45) kA uddharaNa yoM hai-"nau prakAra ke pApoM meM kisI eka ke aparAdhI ko marane para yama ke mArga meM pahuMcane para bhayAnaka pIr3Ae~ sahanI par3atI haiN| yama ke kiMkaroM dvArA idhara-udhara ghasITe jAne para pApiyoM ko bhayaMkara dRSTi se ghUre jAte hue naraka meM jAnA par3atA hai| vahA~ (naraka meM) ve kuttoM, zRgAloM, kauoM, RcoM, sArasoM Adi pakSiyoM dvArA tathA agnimukha vAle sarpo evaM bicchuoM dvArA makSita kiye jAte haiN| ve agni dvArA jhulasAye jAte haiM, kAMToM dvArA chede jAte haiM, AriyoM dvArA do bhAga meM cIre jAte haiM aura pyAsa se tar3apAye jAte haiM, mukha se pratAr3ita kiye jAte haiM, bhayAnaka vyAghroM dvArA pIr3ita hote haiM aura majjA, pIva evaM rakta kI durgandha se ve paga-paga para mUcchita hote rahate hai| dUsare ke bhojana evaM peya padArthoM kI lAlasA rakhane para ve aise yama- kiMkaroM dvArA pITe jAte haiM jinake mukha kauoM, krauMcoM, sArasoM jaise bhayAvaha pazuoM ke samAna hote haiN| kahIM-kahIM unheM tela meM ubAlA jAtA hai aura kahIM-kahIM ve lohe ke Tukar3oM ke sAtha pIse jApte haiM yA prastara yA lohe kI okhalI meM kUTe jAte haiN| kucha sthAnoM para unheM vamana kI huI vastue~ yA majjA yA rakta yA mala mUtra khAne par3ate haiM aura durgandhayukta majjA ke samAna mAMsa khAnA par3atA hai| kahIM-kahIM unheM bhayAvaha aMdhakAra meM rahanA par3atA hai aura ve aise kIr3oM dvArA khA DAlaM jAta hai jinake muMha se agni nikalatI rahatI hai| kahIM-kahIM unheM zIta sahanA par3atA hai aura kahIM-kahIM gandI vastuoM meM calanA par3atA hai| kahIM-kahIM ve eka-dUsare ko khAne lagate haiM aura isa prakAra ve svayaM atyanta bhayAnaka ho uThate haiN| kahIM-kahIM ve pUrva karmoM ke kAraNa pITe jAte haiM aura kahIM-kahIM unheM (per3oM Adi se) laTakA diyA jAtA hai yA bANoM se viddha kara diyA jAtA hai yA Tukar3oM meM vibhAjita kara diyA jAtA hai| kahIM-kahIM unheM kA~ToM para calAyA jAtA hai aura sAMpoM ke phaNoM se AvRta kara diyA jAtA hai| unheM yantroM (kolhU) se pIr3ita kiyA jAtA hai aura ghuTanoM ke bala ghasITA jAtA hai| unakI pIThe, sira evaM gardana tor3a dI jAtI haiM, dekhane meM ve bhayAvaha lagate haiM, unake kaNTha isa prakAra phAr3a diye jAte haiM ki mAno ve guphA hoM aura pIr3A sahane meM asamartha ho jAte haiN| pApI isa prakAra satAya jAte haiM aura Age calakara ve bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke pazuoM ke zarIroM ke rUpa meM (janma lekara) bhayAnaka pIr3Ae~ sahate haiN|" purANoM ne bahudhA ullekha kiyA hai ki naraka pRthivI ke nIce hotA hai| garur3a evaM brahmANDa ke mata se raurava Adi naraka pRthivI ke nIce kahe gaye haiN| aura dekhie viSNupurANa (2 / 6 / 1) / bhAgavatapurANa meM AyA hai ki naraka pRthivI ke nIce, tInoM lokoM ke dakSiNa jala ke Upara hai, usakA koI Azraya nahIM hai (laTakA huA hai) aura usameM 'agniSvAtta'

Page #112
svarga kA svarUpa 1105 20 nAmaka pitaroM ke dala rahate haiN| agnipurANa (31 / 13-14) kA dRr3hatApUrvaka kathana hai ki narakoM ke 28 dala pRthivI ke nIce, yahA~ taka ki sAtaveM loka pAtAla ke nIce haiN| hameM nimna prakAra ke vaidika vacana milate haiM-'yaha yajJa ke pAtroM vAlA yajamAna sIdhe svarga jAtA hai' (zata0 brA0 12 / 5 / 2 / 8); 'svarga cAhane vAle ko darza- pUrNamAsa yajJa karanA cAhie; ' 'svarga taka pahu~cane vAle ko jyotiSToma yajJa karanA cAhie / ' 'svarga' evaM 'naraka' ke tAtparya ke viSaya meM Adi kAla se hI garmAgarma vivAda calatA AyA hai| jaisA ki vedoM, smatiyoM evaM purANoM ke kathanoM se prakaTa hotA hai, Arambhika kAla se lokaprasiddha mata yahI rahA hai ki svarga pRthivI se Upara evaM naraka pRthivI se nIce hai| prAcIna jyotiSa-granthoM meM bhI svarga pRthivI se sahasroM yojana Upara mAnA gayA hai / varAhamihira se pahale ke parAzara nAmaka jyotiSI ne kahA hai - 'ma ( pRthivI ) 67,080 karor3a yojana hai aura yahI isakA vistAra hai; isake Age agamya tama hai, jisake bIca meM sunahalA meru parvata hai, svarga 84,000 yojana U~cA hai, 16 yojana nIcA hai aura tigunA lambAI-caur3AI meM hai / " kintu yaha kahanA satya nahIM ThaharegA ki sabhI lekhaka svarga evaM naraka ke sthAnoM ke vAstavika astitva ke viSaya meM ekamata haiN| yaha bAta bahuta pahale kahI jA cukI hai ki IsA kI kaI zatAbdiyoM pUrva gautama buddha ne apane pahale ke logoM kA mata prakAzita kara diyA thA ki naraka koI eka sthAna nahIM hai, pratyuta vaha hai kisI varNa ke lie nirdhArita karmoM ke karane kI akSamatA kA dyotaka / kucha anya logoM ne bhI isI prakAra kA tarka upasthita kiyA hai| zabara (jaimini 4 / 3 / 27-28 ) ne zruti-vacana uddhRta kara kahA hai ki yajJoM se dUsare jIvana meM phala milatA hai (jaisA ki zruti ne vacana diyA hai) / kumArila ne isa viSaya meM TIkA karate hue kahA hai ki veda - vidhi kevala karmaphala kA vacana detI hai, kintu yaha nahIM kahatI ki isI jIvana meM yaha phala anusarita hone lagatA hai, svarga, apUrva Ananda denevAlA hai, janmAntara meM hI pratiphalita hotA hai| zabara ne sarvaprathama svarga kA tAtparya laukika artha meM diyA hai, yathA-- vahA~ sundara rezamI vastra, candana, aMgarAga, SoDaziyA~ prApta hotI haiN| zabara ne svarga ke viSaya meM laukika mata yaha bhI diyA hai ki vaha eka aisA sthAna hai jahA~ na garmI hai na zIta, jahA~ na bhUkha hai na pyAsa, jahA~ na kaSTa hai na thakAvaTa, jahA~ kevala puNyavAn hI jAte haiM anya nahIM / zabara ne aise mata kA khaNDana kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki svarga kA maulika artha hai prIti (Ananda) yA ullAsa (harSa ), vaha dravya nahIM hai, jisase Ananda kI prApti hotI hai / " svarga kI eka prasiddha paribhASA yaha hai - ( yaha vaha ) Ananda hai jo duHkharahita hai, Age duHkha se grasita nahI hotA, icchA karane para upasthita ho jAtA hai aura vahI 'sva:' ( yA svarga) zabda se dyotita hotA hai / " aura dekhie 20. bhUmeradhastAtte sarve rauravAdyAH prakIrtitAH / garuDa0 ( pretakhaNDa, 3155 ) ; brahmANDa (upasaMhArapAda, 2152 ) ; tatazca narakAn vipra bhuvo'dhaH salilasya ca / pApino yeSu pAtyante tAn zRNuSva mahAmune // brahmapurANa (22/6/1 ) / rAjovAca / narakA nAma bhagavan kiM dezavizeSA athavA bahistrilokyA Aho svivantarAla iti / RSiruvAca / antarAla eva trijagatyAstu dizi dakSiNasyAmadhastAd bhUmerupariSTAcca jalAdyasyAmagniSvAsAvayaH pitRgaNAH . . . nivasanti | bhAgavata 0 ( 5 / 26 / 3 - 4 ) / 21. saptaSaSTisahasrANyazItiyojanakoTyo bhUryatpRthivImaNDalaM parasmAdagamyaM tamaH / tanmadhye hiraNmayo merucaturazItiyojanasahasrocchrito SoDaza cAdhastAt / triguNavistArAyAmo yaM svarNamAcakSate sammadhyenArkacandro jyotizcakraM ca paryeti / parAzara (bRhatsaMhitA 1 / 11 kI TIkA meM utpala dvArA uddhRta ) / 22. dekhie dupaTIkA (jai0 4 / 3 / 27-28), zabara (jai0 6 / 1 / 1 evaM 6 / 1 / 2) / 23. yatra duHkhena saMbhinaM na ca prastamanantaram / abhilASopanItaM ca tatsukhaM svaHpadAspadam //

Page #113
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa zAlikanAtha kI prakaraNapaMcikA (pR0 102), jo prAbhAkara (mImAMsaka) mata ke prArambhika granthoM meM eka hai| zAntiparva (28 / 42) meM spaSTa AyA hai buddhimAn loga paraloka ko kisI anya dvArA spaSTa (pratyakSa) dekhA huA nahIM maante| (paraloka kI sthiti ke viSaya meM) vizvAsa rakhanA hogA, anyathA loga vedoM (AgamoM) kA atikramaNa karane lgeNge| brahmapurANa evaM viSNupurANa ne zabara ke samAna hI bAteM kahI haiM-'svarga vahI hai jisase mana ko prIti milatI hai; naraka isakA ulaTA (viparyaya) hai; puNya evaM pApa ko hI krama se svarga evaM naraka kahA jAtA hai; sukha evaM duHkha se yukta manaHsthiti hI svarga evaM naraka kI paricAyaka hai| 25 / bhAratIya prAcIna granthoM meM naraka evaM svarga ke viSaya meM jo anagar3ha vicAra-dhArAeM haiM, unase cakita nahIM honA cAhie, kyoMki aisI hI bhAvanAe~ vizva ke sabhI dharmoM meM pracalita rahI haiN| misra ke rAjAoM evaM logoM meM, jinakI vaMzaparamparAeM 5,000 varSoM taka calatI rahI haiM, svarga evaM naraka kI vicitra bAteM pAyI jAtI thIM, jinheM ve citroM dvArA aMkita karate the (kisI anya rASTra yA deza ne aisA kabhI nahIM kiyA), yadyapi atyanta prAcIna mRta logoM kI pustakoM meM citra nahIM haiM (dekhie I0 e0 DablU0 baja mahodaya kI pustaka 'Ijipziena hevena eNDa hela' (1905, pR0 11 evaM 2) / hibrU (yahUdI) logoM ne pRthivI ke nimnatama bhAga meM mata logoM ko rakhA hai, jahA~ bhayAnaka andhakAra hai, aura use 'ziyola' kI saMjJA dI hai (jAba 10 / 21-22 evaM 30123) / grIka 'haiDesa' apanI viziSTatAoM meM 'ziyola' ke bahuta samAna hai| 'nya TesTAmeNTa' meM naraka ko nirantara prajvalita rahane vAlI agni kA sthAna kahA gayA hai, jahA~ duSkarmakArI pApIjana ananta kAla-vyApI daNDoM evaM yAtanAoM ko sahane ke lie jAte haiM; puNyavAn loga amara jIvana prApta karate haiM (maithyU 25 / 41 evaM 46, lUka 16 / 23) / nyU TesTAmeNTa ke anusAra svarga kA sthAna pRthivI evaM bAdaloM ke Upara hai aura naraka pRthivI ke nIce aMdhakAra evaM yAtanAoM se paripUrNa hai| aura dekhie lUka (23 / 43); Iphesiensa (113 evaM 2012 / kora0 1214, reva0 217); lUka (12 / 5 evaM 16 / 23); 2. peTara (2 / 4) evaM reva0 (618, 20 / 13-14) / zeksapiyara evaM adhikAMza meM sabhI IsAI dharmAvalambiyoM ne bAibila meM dI haI naraka-svarga-sambandhI dhAraNAoM meM vizvAsa kiyA hai| Adhunika kAla ke bahuta-se IsAI aba yaha mAnane lage haiM ki bAibila meM dI huI narakasvarga-sambandhI bhAvanAeM vAstava meM pratIkAtmaka haiN| kurAna meM naraka ke viSaya meM aisA AyA hai--"ati duSToM ko yugoM taka pIr3A dene ke lie naraka eka inAma hai| unheM vahA~ zItalatA evaM jala nahIM milegA, kevala khaulatA huA pAnI evaM pIva pIne ko milegaa|" (dekhie saikreDa buka oNva di IsTa, jilda 9, pR0 317) / kurAna ke sAta svargIya mAgoM ke lie dekhie vahI, jilda 6, pR0 165; anya bAtoM ke lie dekhie vahI, jilda 14, pR0 317, evaM pR0 340, jahA~ krama se naraka kI agni-yAtanAoM tathA khaulate jala, pIva evaM agni kA varNana hai| kurAna meM svarga ke sAta.mAga kahe gaye haiM, yathA-amaratva kA upavana, zAnti-nivAsa, ArAma kA nivAsa, iDena kA upavana, Azraya kA upavana, Ananda kA upavana, atyucca upavana yA svarga kA upvn| smRtiyoM ne siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyA hai ki yadi pApI ne prAyazcitta nahIM kiyA to use naraka kI yAtanAe~ mugatanI par3eMgI aura isake uparAnta pApoM ke avaziSTa cihna-svarUpa use kITa-pataMgoM yA nimna koTi ke jIva yA vRkSa 24. na dRSTapUrvapratyakSa paralokaM vibudhaaH| AgamAstvanatikramya vAtavyaM bubhuusstaa|| zAntiparva (28042)) / 25. manaHprItikaraH svargo nrkstdvipryyH| narakasvargasaMje vai pApapuNye dvijottmaaH|| brahmapurANa (22 / 24); viSNupurANa (2|6|46)--mnsH pariNAmo'yaM sukhaduHkhAdilakSaNaH / brahmapurANa (22 // 47):

Page #114
karma vipAka; mAnasa, vAcika, kAyika pApoM kA phala 1107 ke rUpa meM punaH janma lenA par3egA aura manuSya rUpa meM janma lene para use rogoM evaM kulakSaNoM se yukta honA pdd'egaa| 16 antima do phala karma vipAka ke antargata rakhe gaye haiM / karmavipAka kA artha hai duSkarmoM kA phalavAn honA / zAtAtapa ( 111-5) ne dRDhatApUrvaka kahA hai ki mahApAtakI yadi prAyazcitta nahIM karate haiM to ve narakopabhoga ke uparAnta zarIra para kucha nindya cihna lekara janma-grahaNa karate haiN| isa prakAra lakSaNoM se yukta hokara mahApAtakI sAta bAra, upapAtakI pA~ca bAra evaM pApI tIna bAra janma lete haiN| pApoM ke katipaya cihna pazcAttApa evaM prAyazcitta se dUra ho sakate haiN| isI prakAra vaidika mantroM ke japa, deva pUjA, homa evaM dAna dvArA duSkRtyoM se utpanna roga dUra ho sakate haiN| zAtAtapa (11610) ne pApoM se utpanna honevAle rogoM ke nAma diye haiM, yathA kuSTha, kSaya, zukradoSa (sUjAka ), saMgrahaNI, vRkkakaSTa, mUtrAzaya meM patharI par3anA, khA~sI kA roga, bhagandara Adi / vyakti tIna prakAra se pApa kara sakatA hai; zarIra se, vANI evaM mana se ( mana 12 / 3 ) / vAstava meM mana se hI sArI kriyAe~ prakaTa hotI haiM ( manu 12 / 4), kintu suvidhA ke lie hI ye tIna prakAra vyakta kiye gaye haiN| beImAnI (chala kapaTa ) se dUsare ke dhana ko har3apa lene kI kSudra lAlasA rakhanA, dUsare kA amaMgala ho aisI icchA rakhanA aura asatya vicAroM ko mAnate jAnA (yathA AtmA nahIM hai, zarIra hI AtmA hai Adi ) -- ye tIna mAnasa pApa haiM ( manu 12/5 ) / kaThora yA paruSa vacana, asatya, paizunya ( cugalakhorI) evaM asaMgata vAcAlatA--ye cAra vAcika pApa haiM ( manu 12 / 6) / binA sahamati ke kisI kI sampatti hathiyA lenA, zAstra-vacanoM ke viparIta cetana prANiyoM kI hiMsA evaM dUsare kI patnI se saMbhoga -- ye tIna zArIrika pApa haiM ( mana 12 / 7 ) | manu kA kathana hai ki zArIrika pApoM se pApI manuSya sthAvara yoni ( vRkSa Adi) meM jAtA hai, vANI dvArA kiye gaye pApoM se vyakti pazu-pakSiyoM ke rUpa meM janma letA hai tathA mAnasa pApoM se cANDAla Adi nimna koTi kI jAtiyoM meM janma pAtA hai| hArIta ne naraka meM le jAnevAle 18 duSkRtyoM ke nAma ginAye haiM, jinameM chaH mAnasa haiM, cAra vAcika haiM aura zeSa kAyika haiN| " naraka yAtanAoM ke upabhoga ke uparAnta kina-kina pazuoM, vRkSoM, latA-gulmoM Adi meM janma lenA par3atA hai, isake viSaya meM dekhie manu ( 1254-59 evaM 62-68 ), yAjJa0 ( 31131, 135-136, 207-208 evaM 213215), viSNu dharmasUtra (adhyAya 44) evaM atri ( 415 | 14 evaM 17-44, gadya meM ) / yAjJavalkya smRti kI bAteM saMkSepa meM haiM ataH hama unheM hI yahA~ likha rahe haiM-saMsAra meM AtmA saikar3oM zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai, yathA-- mAnasa, vAcika evaM kAyika duSkRtyoM ke kAraNa kisI nimna jAti meM, pakSiyoM meM tathA vRkSa Adi kisI sthAvara vastu ke rUpa meM (yAjJa0 " / 26. prAyazcittavihInAnAM mahApAtakinAM nRNAm / narakAnte bhavejjanma cihnAGkitazarIriNAm // pratijanma bhaveteSAM cihnaM tatpApasUcakam / prAyazcittaM kRte yAti pazcAttApavatAM punaH // mahApAtakarja cihnaM saptajanmasu jAyate / upapApodbhavaM paJca trINi pApasamudbhavam / / duSkarmajA nRNAM rogA yAnti copakramaiH zamam / jApyaiH surArcanaihamada nisteSAM zamo bhavet // zAtAtapa (111-4) / prAya0 vi0 ( pR0 106) meM AyA hai - - " pUrvajanmakRtayoH suvarNApahArasurApAnapApayorna ra kopabhogakSINayorapi 'suvarNacauraH kaunakhyaM surApaH zyAvadantatAm' (manu 11 / 49 ) ityanumitayoH kicitsAvaziSTatvAdalpaprAyazcittamAha vasiSThaH" (2016) / 27. sarvAbhakSyabhakSaNamabhojya bhojanamapeyapAnamagamyAgamanamayAjyayAjanamasatpratigrahaNaM paradArAbhigamanaM dravyApaharaNaM prANihiMsA ceti zArIrANi / pAruSyamanRtaM vivAdaH zrutivikrayazceti vAcikAni / paropatApanaM parAbhidroha: krodho lobho moho'haMkArazceti mAnasAni / tadetAnyaSTAdaza nereyANi karmANi / hArIta ( parAzaramASakSIya 2, bhAga 2, 10212 - 213) / 67

Page #115
1108 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa 3 / 131) vyakti janma letA hai; asatyabhASI, pizuna, paruSabhASI evaM asaMgata vAcAla pakSI yA pazu ke rUpa meM janma letA hai (vahI 3 // 135); para-dravyagrahaNa, para-dArAbhigamana evaM zAstraviruddha prANi-hiMsA se vyakti acala yoni (vRkSa Adi) ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotA hai; brahmaghAtaka pazu (hirana Adi), kuttA, sUkara ya U~Ta ke rUpa meM janma-grahaNa karatA hai; surApAna karanevAlA gadahA, pulkasa (niSAda puruSa evaM zUdrA strI se utpanna) yA veNa (vaidehaka dvArA ambaSTha strI se utpanna) hotA hai; sonA curAnevAlA kIr3A (cIMTI Adi), pataMga ke rUpa meM tathA mAtA, putrI, bahina Adi se vyabhicAra karanevAlA ghAsa, jhAr3a-jhaMkhAr3a, latA-gulmoM ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotA hai (vahI, 3 / 207-208) / pApiyoM dvArA grahaNa kI jAnevAlI vibhinna pazayoniyoM kA varNana brahmapurANa (217137-110) meM pAyA jAtA hai| aura dekhie garuDapurANa (pretakhaNDa, 2 / 60-88) evaM agnipurANa (371 / 30-32) / prAcIna kAla meM aisA vizvAsa thA ki pApoM ke kAraNa hI roga utpanna hote haiN| aisI dhAraNA kevala bhArata meM hI nahIM thI; seNTa jAna ke gAspela (9 / 1-3) meM aisA likhA hai ki jaba eka janmAndha vyakti IsA masIha ke pAsa pahuMcA to usake ziSyoM ne usase pUchA-'kisane pApa kiyA, isane yA isake mAtA-pitA ne, jisake kAraNa yaha janmAndha huA?' IsA masIha ne yaha dhAraNA kATa dI aura apane camatkAra se usa janmAndha ko A~kheM de diiN| atharvaveda (873) meM aisA AyA hai ki pApa se utpanna rogoM dvArA grasta vyakti ke zarIra ke pratyeka aMga ke roga latA-galmoM dvArA kATa diye gye| mana (9 / 49-52), vasiSTha (2044), yAjJa0 (3 / 209-211), viSNu (a0 45), zAtAtapa (113-11 evaM 2 / 1, 30, 32 tathA 47), gautama (a0 20, padya), gautama (gadya, mitA0, yAjJa0 3 / 216), vRddha gautama (smRtimuktAphala, pR0 861), yama (prAya0 mayUkha, pR0 9), zaMkha (mitA0, yAjJa0 31216), smRtyarthasAra (pR0 99-100) ne una rogoM evaM zArIrika doSoM kA varNana kiyA hai, jinase pApI manuSyarUpa meM janma pAne para grasita hote haiN| carakasaMhitA jaise vaidyaka granthoM ne bhI aisA vizvAsa prakaTa kiyA hai ki roga pUrvajanma meM kiye gaye duSkarmoM ke phala mAtra haiM (dekhie sUtrasthAna, adhyAya 1 / 116) / rogoM athavA zArIrika doSoM ke, jinase vibhinna koTiyoM ke pApI grasita hote haiM, viSaya meM smRtiyoM meM pUrNa mataikya nahIM hai, yathA jahA~ vasiSTha (24144) evaM zaMkha (mitAkSarA, yAjJa0 3 / 216) ke mata se brahmaghAtaka kor3hI hotA hai, vahIM manu (9 / 49), yAjJa0 (3 / 209), viSNu0 (4563), agni0 (371 / 32) ne use kSayaroga se pIr3ita honevAlA kahA hai| zaMkha, hArIta, gautama, yama evaM purANoM (mitAkSarA 31216; parA0 mA0 2, bhAga 2, pR0 230-240, 242-272, mada0 pAri0, pR0 701-702, mahArNava-karmavipAka) ne nimna koTi ke jIvoM kI yoniyoM evaM rogoM tathA vikalAMgoM ke viSaya meM lambI-lambI sUciyA~ dI haiM, jinheM hama sthAnAbhAva se yahA~ nahIM de yadyapi karma zabda sAmAnyataH sat aura asat ceSTAoM kA dyotaka hai tathApi prAyazcittoM ke viSaya meM yaha zabda mana meM duSkarmoM kI bhAvanA hI upasthita karatA hai| ataH karma-vipAka zabda kA artha duSkRtyoM yA pApoM ke phalavAn hone kA hI dyotaka hai| yogasUtra (2 / 13) ke anusAra karmavipAka ke tIna svarUpa haiM; jAti (kITa-pataMgoM yA pazuoM Adi kI yoni), Ayu (jIvana arthAt pA~ca yA dasa varSoM kA jIvana) evaM bhoga (narakayAtanAoM Adi kA anubhava) / karmavipAka zabda yAjJa0 (3 / 131 'vipAka: karmaNAM pretya keSAMcidiha jAyate') meM AyA hai aura purANoM meM to isakA bahuta prayoga huA hai (brahmapurANa 224 / 41, 225 / 43 evaM 59; matsya0 125 / 14 aadi)| prAyazcittasAra (pR0 219-231) meM karmavipAka-saMbaMdhI vivecana sambhavataH sabase lambA hai| bauddha dArzanika nAgArjuna ko karmavipAka kA siddhAnta malI mA~ti jJAta thA, kyoMki unhoMne apanI ratnAvalI meM isakI ora nirdeza kiyA hai| aura dekhie bauddha graMtha avadAnazataka, suttanipAta / madhyakAla ke graMthoM (yathA hArItasaMhitA) meM bhI karmavipAka ke viSaya meM lambe ullekha haiN|

Page #116
kama-vipAka yA pApakarmAnusAra nindya yoniyoM meM janma 1109 vivAgasuyam (vipAkazrutam), jo jainAgama kA gyArahavAM aMga hai, bahuta-sI aisI gAthAe~ kahatA hai jinameM duSkRtyoM ke karmaphala ghoSita haiN| isa graMtha meM satkarmoM ke phaloM kA nirUpaNa bhI huA hai| manu (12 / 3, 9 evaM 54) evaM yAjJa0 (3 / 206) ke kathanoM para AdhArita siddhAnta se prakaTa hotA hai ki kevala mAnavoM ko hI (bAgha Adi nimna koTi ke pazuoM ko nahIM) apane karmoM ke phala se svarga evaM naraka bhogane par3ate haiN| viSNudharmottara purANa ne isa viSaya meM spaSTa bAteM kahI haiM (2110214-6; parA0 mA0 2, mAga 2, pR0 208-209; prAya0 sAra0 pR. 215) / mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 216), smRtyarthasAra, parA0 mA0, prAya0 sAra Adi kA kathana hai ki karma-vivAka-sambandhI nirUpaNa mAtra aryavAda hai, ise yathAzruta zabdika artha meM nahIM lenA caahie| isakA tAtparya kevala itanA hI hai ki pApI loga prAjApatya jaise prAyazcittoM ko kara sakeM, kyoMki aise kaThina prAyazcittoM meM mahAn kaSTa hotA hai aura loga icchApUrvaka unheM karane meM hicakate haiN| karmavipAka-sambandhI granthoM kA upadeza itanA hI hai ki prANI ko taba taka nirAza hone kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai jaba taka vaha duSkRtyoM se utpanna yAtanAoM ko sahane ke lie sannaddha hai aura na use bahuta-sI yoniyoM meM janma lene ke kAraNa upasthita paristhiti se bhI bhayAkula honA caahie| kyoMki antatogatvA use apanI lambI yAtrA evaM vikAsa ke phalasvarUpa apanA vAstavika mahattva prApta ho hI jAyagA aura vaha amara zAnti evaM pUrNatva ko prApta kara legaa| manu (12 / 69), viSNu (44 / 45) evaM garuDapurANa (2 / 2 / 89) kA kathana hai ki ve striyA~, jo corI karane ke kAraNa pApI ThaharAyI gayI haiM, AnevAle janmoM meM coroM kI patniyA~ hotI haiN| vAmanapurANa kA adhyAya 12 karmavipAka hai aura mArkaNDeyapurANa ne apane pandrahaveM adhyAya meM isI viSaya kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| varAhapurANa (203 / 21) ne asaMkhya varSoM taka naraka-yAtanAeM bhogane ke viSaya meM savistara likhA hai ora yaha prakaTa kiyA hai ki kisa prakAra pApI apane duSkRtyoM ko dUra kara mAnava-rUpa dhAraNa karate haiM aura mA~ti-bhAMti ke rogoM evaM zArIrika doSoM se grasita hote haiN| mAndhAtA ke 'mahArNava-karmavipAka' nAmaka graMya meM AyA hai ki duSkRtyoM ke phaloM ke zamana ke do sAdhana haiM ; kRccha (prAyazcita) evaM rogoM ke prati viparyapa (vyAdhi-viparyaya arthAt unake virodha meM ucita upaay)| vyAdhi-viparyaya ke lie kisI vedikA ke maNDapa meM sUrya evaM rogadeva ko suvarNa-pratimAoM kI pUjA kI jAtI hai| isa graMtha meM likhA hai ki AzvalAyana evaM taittirIya zAkhA ke anusAra ghoSA-zAnti ke lie vaidika mantroM kA ucca svara se pATha kiyA jAtA hai; vaidika mantroM ke sAtha sUryapUjA, nakSatra-pUjA, Ahuti-dAna, rudvaikAdazinI, mahArudra (11, 12) aura atirudra ke kRtya sampAdita hote haiM aura viSNu ke sahasra nAmoM kA pATha kiyA jAtA hai, vinAyakazAnti (yAjJa0 11271294) evaM navagraha-yajJa kiye jAte haiN| isa graMya meM yaha bhI vyavasthita kiyA gayA hai ki kina-kina dAnoM se kauna-kauna roga naSTa kiye jA sakate haiM. yathA kavalodAna (eka pala sone se kadalI kA pauvA banAkara dAna krnaa)| isa graMtha meM samI asAdhya rogoM kI pratimAoM ke dAna kA varNana hai (zAtAtapa 2 / 47-48 ko rAjayakSmA naSTa karane ke viSaya meM uddhata kiyA gayA hai)| isa graMtha meM jvaroM, anya rogoM evaM harI yA billI ke samAna A~khoM, baharApana Adi zArIrika doSoM kA savistara varNana hai| sthAnAbhAva se hama isa graMtha meM dI gayI bAtoM kA varNana nahIM kareMge aura aisA karanA Avazyaka bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki Ajakala yA to loga inameM vizvAsa nahIM rakhate yA inakA sampAdana bahuta kama hotA hai|

Page #117
adhyAya 7 antyeSTi mRtyu ke uparAnta mAnava kA kyA hotA hai ? yaha eka aisA prazna hai jo AdikAla se jyoM-kA-tyoM calA AyA hai| yaha eka aisA rahasya hai jisakA bhedana Aja taka sambhava nahIM ho sakA hai| AdikAlIna bhAratIyoM, misriyoM, cAlDiyanoM, yUnAniyoM evaM pArasiyoM ke samakSa yaha prazna eka mahattvapUrNa jijJAsA evaM samasyA ke rUpa meM vidyamAna rahA hai| mAnava ke bhaviSya, isa pRthivI ke uparAnta usake svarUpa evaM isa vizva ke anta ke viSaya meM bhAMti-bhAMti ke mata prakAzita kiye jAte rahe haiM jo mahattvapUrNa evaM manorama haiN| pratyeka dharma meM isake viSaya meM pRthak dRSTikoNa rahA hai| isa prazna evaM rahasya ko lekara eka nayI vidyA kA nirmANa bhI ho cukA hai, jise aMgrejI meM 'Eschatology' (izcaMTaoNlaoNjI) kahate haiN| yaha zabda yUnAnI zabdoM-izcaiTaoNsa ( Eschatos=Last ) evaM logiyA ( Logia= Discourse) se banA hai, jisakA tAtparya hai antima bAtoM, yathA-mRtyu, nyAya (Judgment) evaM mRtyu ke uparAnta kI avasthA se saMbaMdha rakhanevAlA vijnyaan| isake do svarUpa haiM, jinameM eka kA saMbaMdha hai mRtyu ke uparAnta vyakti kI niyati, AtmA kI amaratA, pApa evaM daNDa tathA svarga evaM naraka ke viSaya kI carcA se, aura dUsare kA sambandha hai akhila brahmANDa, usakI sRSTi, pariNati evaM uddhAra tathA sabhI vastuoM ke parama anta ke viSaya kI carcA se| hama isa graMtha ke isa prakaraNa meM prathama svarUpa kA nirUpaNa kareMge aura dUsare kA vivecana Age ke prakaraNa meN| prAcIna granthoM meM prathama svarUpa para hI adhika bala diyA gayA hai, kintu Ajakala vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa rakhanevAle loga bahudhA dUsare svarUpa para hI adhika socate haiN| sAmAnyataH mRtyu vilakSaNa evaM bhayAvaha samajhI jAtI hai, yadyapi kucha dArzanika manovRtti vAle vyakti ise maMgalaprada evaM zarIrarUpI bandIgRha meM bandI AtmA kI mukti ke rUpa meM grahaNa karate rahe haiN| mRtyu kA bhaya bahutoM ko hotA hai ; kintu vaha bhaya aisA nahIM hai ki usa samaya kI arthAt maraNa-kAla ke samaya kI sambhAvita pIr3A se ve AkAnta hote haiM, pratyuta unakA bhaya usa rahasya se hai jo mRtyu ke uparAnta kI ghaTanAoM se sambandhita hai tathA unakA bhaya una bhAvanAoM se hai jinakA gaMbhIra nirdeza jIvanoparAnta sambhAvita evaM acintya pariNAmoM ke upabhoga kI ora hai| sI0 I0 bulliyAmI ne apane grantha 'immArTala maina' (pR0 2) meM kahA hai--'yadyapi (mRtyUparAnta yA preta) jIvana ke saMbaMdha meM atyanta kaThora evaM bhayAnaka kalpanAoM se lekara atyanta ucca evaM sundaratama kalpanAe~ prakAzita kI gayI haiM, tathApi tAttvika bAta yahI rahI hai ki zarIra maratA hai na ki aatmaa| mRtyu ke viSaya meM Adima kAla se lekara sabhya avasthA taka ke 1. aMgrejI zabda 'spiriTa' (Spirit) evaM bhAratIya zabda 'AtmA' meM dhArmika evaM dArzanika dRSTi se artha-sAmya nahIM hai| prathama zabda jIvanocchvAsa kA dyotaka hai aura dUsare ko bhAratIya darzana meM paramAtmA kI abhivyakti kA rUpa diyA gayA hai| AtmA amara hai, zarIra nAzavAn / gItA meM AyA bhI hai-'nainaM chindanti zastrANi nainaM dahati pAvakaH / na canaM kledayantyApo na zoSayati maarutH||' aura bhI-'ajo nityaH zAzvato'yaM purANa: ..... / '

Page #118
maraNa kAla ke kRtya 1111 logoM meM bhA~ti-bhAMti kI dhAraNAe~ rahI haiN| kaThopaniSad (1 / 1 / 20) meM AyA hai-'jaba manuSya maratA hai to eka sandeha utpanna hotA hai, kucha logoM ke mata se mRtyUparAnta jIvAtmA kI sattA rahatI hai, kintu kucha loga aisA nahIM maante|' naciketA ne isa sandeha ko dUra karane ke lie yama se prArthanA kI hai| mRtyUparAnta jIvAtmA kA astitva mAnanevAloM meM kaI prakAra kI dhAraNAe~ pAyI jAtI haiN| kucha logoM kA vizvAsa hai ki mRtoM kA eka loka hai, jahA~ mRtyUparAnta jo kucha baca rahatA hai, vaha jAtA hai| kucha logoM kI dhAraNA hai ki sukRtyoM evaM duSkRtyoM ke phalasvarUpa zarIra ke atirikta prAgI kA vidyamAnAMza krama se svarga evaM naraka meM jAtA hai| kucha loga AvAgamana evaM punarjanma meM vizvAsa rakhate haiN| dekhie yUnAnI lekhaka piNDAra (dvitIya Aliciena oDa), pleTo (pIDsa evaM TimIesa) evaM heroDoTasa (2 / 123) / brahmapurANa (214 / 34-39) ne aise vyaktiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jinheM mRtyu sukhada evaM sarala pratIta hotI hai; na ki pIDAjanaka evaM cintAyukta / vaha kucha yoM hai-'jo jhUTha nahIM bolatA, jo mitra yA snehI ke prati kRtaghna nahIM hai, jo Astika hai, jo devapUjA-parAyaNa hai aura brAhmaNoM kA sammAna karatA hai tathA jo kisI se IrSyA nahIM karatAvaha sukhada mRtyu pAtA hai| isI prakAra anuzAsanaparva (104 / 11-12; 144 / 49-60) ne vistAra ke sAtha akAlamRtyu evaM dIpa jIvana ke kAraNoM kA varNana kiyA hai, vaha kucha yoM hai-'nAstika, yajJa na karanevAle, guruoM evaM zAstroM kI AjJA ke ullaMghanakartA, dharma na jAnanevAle evaM duSkarmI loga alpAyu hote haiN| jo caritravAn nahIM haiM, jo sadAcAra ke niyama tor3A karate haiM aura jo kaI prakAra se saMbhoga-kriyA karate rahate haiM ve alpAyu hote haiM aura naraka meM jAte haiN| jo krodha nahIM karate, jo satyavAdI hote haiM, jo kisI kI hiMsA nahIM karate, jo kisI kI IrSyA nahIM karate aura kapaTI nahIM hote ve zatAyu hote haiM (104 / 11-12 evaM 14) / bahuta-se grantha mRtyu ke Agamana ke saMketoM kA varNana karate haiM, yathA-zAntiparva (318 / 9-17), devala (kalpataru, mokSakANDa, pR0 248-250), vAyupurANa (19 / 1-32), mArkaNDeyapurANa (43 / 1-33 yA 40 / 1-33), liMgapurANa (pUrvArdha, adhyAya 91) Adi purANoM meM mRtyu ke Agamana ke saMketoM yA cihnoM kI lambI-lambI sUciyA~ milatI haiN| sthAnAbhAva se adhika nahIM likhA jA sakatA, kintu udAharaNArtha kucha bAteM dI jA rahI haiN| zAntiparva (adhyAya 318) ke anusAra jo arundhatI, dhruva tArA evaM pUrNa candra tathA dUsare kI A~khoM meM apanI chAyA nahIM dekha sakate, unakA jIvana basa eka varSa kA hotA hai; jo candramaNDala meM chidra dekhate haiM ve kevala cha: mAsa ke zeSa jIvanavAle hote haiN| jo sUryamaNDala meM chidra dekhate haiM yA pAsa kI sugaMdhita vastuoM meM zava kI gandha pAte haiM unake jIvana ke kevala sAta dina bace rahate haiM / Asanna-mRtyu ke lakSaNa ye haiM-kAnoM evaM nAka kA jhuka jAnA, A~khoM evaM dAMtoM kA raMga-parivartana ho jAnA, saMjJAzanyatA, zarIroSNatA kA abhAva, kapAla se dhama nikalanA evaM acAnaka bAyIM A~kha se pAnI girnaa| devala ne 12, 11 yA 10 mAsa se lekara eka mAsa, 15 dina yA 2 dinoM taka kI mRtyu ke lakSaNoM kA varNana kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki jaba aMguliyoM se banda karane para kAnoM meM svara kI dhamaka nahIM jJAta hotI yA A~kha meM prakAza nahIM dIkhatA to samajhanA cAhie ki mRtyu Ane hI vAlI hai| antima do lakSaNoM ko vAyupurANa (19 / 28) evaM liMgapurANa (pUrvArSa, 91 / 24) ne sabase burA mAnA hai|' 'muMzI hIraka jayantI grantha' (pR. 246-268) meM DA0 Ara0 jI0 harSe ne kaI 2. dekhie sI0 I0 vulliyAmI. (C. E. Vull amy) kA immArTala maina (Immortol Man), pR0 11 / 3. he cAtra parame'riSTe etadrUpaM paraM bhavet / ghoSaM na zRNuyAtkaNe jyotinaM na pazyati // vAyupurANa (19 / 27); nagnaM vA zramaNaM dRSTvA vidyAnmRtyumupasthitam / liMgapurANa (pUrvabhAga 91219) /

Page #119
1112 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa granthoM ke AdhAra para likhA hai ki jaba vyakti svapna meM gadahA dekhatA hai to usakA maraNa nizcita-sA hai, jaba vaha svapna meM bUr3hI kumArI strI dekhatA hai to bhaya, roga evaM mRtyu kA lakSaNa samajhanA cAhie (pR0 251) yA jaba trizUla dekhatA hai to mRtyu parilakSita hotI hai| bhArata ke adhikAMza bhAgoM meM aisI prathA hai ki jaba vyakti maraNAsanna rahatA hai yA jaba vaha aba-taba rahatA hai to loga use khATa se utArakara pRthivI para liTA dete haiN| yaha prathA yUropa meM bhI hai (dekhie pro0 eDagarTana kA lekha; 'dI Avara Ava Detha', enalsa Ava dI bhaNDArakara o0 Ara0 iMsTITyUTa, jilda 8, pR0 219-249) / kauzikasUtra (8013) meM AyA hai| jaba vyakti zaktihIna hotA jAtA hai arthAt marane lagatA hai to (putra yA sevA karanevAlA koI sambandhI ) zAlA meM ugI huI ghAsa para kuza bichA detA hai aura use 'syonAsmai bhava' mantra ke sAtha (bistara yA khATa se) uThAkara usa para rakha detA hai| baudhAyanapitRmedhasUtra (3 / 1 / 18) ke mata se jaba yajamAna ke marane kA bhaya ho jAya to yajJazAlA meM pRthivI para bAlU bichA denI cAhie aura usa para darbha phailA dene cAhie, jinakI noka dakSiNa kI ora hotI hai, maraNAsanna ke dAyeM kAna meM 'AyuSaH prANaM santanu' se Arambha honevAle anuvAka kA pATha (putra yA kisI anya sambandhI dvArA) honA caahie| aura dekhie gobhilasmRti (3 / 22), pitRdayitA aadi|' zuddhiprakAza (pR0 151-152) meM AyA hai ki jaba koI vyakti mRtaprAya ho, usakI A~kheM AdhI banda ho gayI hoM aura vaha khATa se nIce utAra diyA gayA ho to usake putra yA kisI sambandhI ko cAhie ki vaha usase nimna prakAra kA koI eka yA sabhI prakAra ke dasa dAna karAye-gau, bhUmi, tila, sonA, ghRta, vastra, dhAnya, gur3a, rajata (cA~dI) evaM nmk| ye dAna gayAzrAddha yA saikar3oM azvamedhoM se bar3hakara haiN| saMkalpa isa prakAra kA hotA hai-'abhyudaya (svarga) kI prApti yA pApamocana ke lie maiM dasa dAna kruuNgaa|' dasa dAnoM ke uparAnta utkrAnti-dhenu (mRtyu ko dhyAna meM rakhakara bachar3e ke sAtha gau) dI jAtI hai, aura isake uparAnta vaitaraNI gau kA dAna kiyA jAtA hai| antyeSTipaddhati evaM zuddhiprakAza 4. durbalIbhavantaM zAlAtRNeSu darbhAnAstIrya syonAsmai bhvetyvrohyti| mntroktaavnmntryte| yatte kRSNespavadIpayati / kauzika0 (80 / 3-5) / 'syonAsmai' mantra ke lie dekhie atharvaveda (18-2-19), Rgveda (122 / 15) evaM vAja0 saM0 (36 / 13), dekhie nirukta (9 / 32) / pitRdayitA (pR0 74) meM AyA hai--'yadA kaNThasthAnagatajovo vihvalo dehI bhavati tadA bahirgomayenopaliptAyAM bhUmau kuzAndakSiNAgrAnAstIrya tadupari dakSiNazirasaM sthApayitvA suvarNarajatagobhUmidIpatilapAtrANi dApayet / ' gobhilasmRti (3|22)--'durblN snApayitvA tu zuddhacailAbhisaMvRtam / dakSiNAzirasaM bhUpau bahiSmatyAM nivezayet // ' 5. dAnAni ca jAtakarNya aah| utkrAntivaitaraNyau ca daza dAnAni caiva hi / prete'pi kRtvA taM pretaM zavadharmaNa daahyet|....dsh dAnAni ca tenaivoktaani| gobhUtilahiraNyAjyavAsodhAnyaguDAni c| rUpyaM lavamityAhurdaza dAnAnyanukramAt // zuddhiprakAza (pR0 152) / aura dekhie garuDapurANa (pretakhaNDa, 4 / 4); epipraiphiyA iNDikA (jilda 19, pR0 230) / 6. AsannamRtyunA deyA gauH savatsA tu pUrvavat / tadabhAve tu gaureva narakottaraNAya ca // tadA yadi na zaknoti vAtaMvaitaraNI tu gaam| zakto'nyo'ruka tadA dattvA dadyAcchayo mRtasya ca // vyAsa (zuddhitattva, pa0 300; zaddhiprakAza pR0 153; antyakarmadIpaka (pR07)| garuDapurANa (pretakhaNDa, 416) meM AyA hai--'nadI vaitaraNI tat dadyAdvaitaraNoM ca gAm / kRSNastanI sakRSNAGgo sA vai vaitaraNI smRtaa|| aisA AyA hai ki yama ke dvAra para vaitaraNI nAma kI nadI hai jo rakta evaM paine astroM se paripUrNa hai| jo loga marate samaya godAna karate haiM ve usa nadI ko gAya kI pUMcha pakar3akara

Page #120
maraNa kAla ke kRtya ( pR0 152 - 153 ) meM una mantroM kA (jo vaidika nahIM haiM ) ullekha hai jo dAnoM ke samaya kahe jAte haiM / antyeSTipaddhati, antyakarmadIpaka Adi ne vyavasthA dI hai ki jaba vyakti AsannamRty ho, to usake putra yA sambandhiyoM ko cAhie ki ve usase vratodyApana, sarvaprAyazcitta evaM dasa dAnoM ke kRtya karAyeM, kintu yadi maraNAsanna ina kRtyoM ko svayaM karane meM azakta ho to putra yA sambandhI ko usake lie aisA svayaM kara denA caahie| jaba vyakti saMkalpita vrata nahIM kara pAtA to marate samaya vaha vratodyApana kRtya karatA hai| dekhie antyakarmadIpaka ( pR0 3-4 ) / saMkSepa meM vratodyApana yoM hai -- putra yA sambandhI maraNAsanna vyakti ko snAna dvArA yA pavitra jala se mArjana karake yA gaMgA-jala pilAkara pavitra karatA hai, svayaM snAnasandhyA se pavitra ho letA hai, dIpa jalAtA hai, gaNeza evaM viSNu kI pUjA - vandanA karatA hai, pUjA kI sAmagrI rakhakara saMkalpa karatA hai, nimantrita brAhmaNa ko sammAnita karatA hai aura pahale se saMkalpita sonA use detA hai aura brAhmaNa ghoSita karatA hai -- "sabhI vrata pUrNa hoM / udyApana ( vrata pUrti) ke phala kI prApti ho / " sarvaprAyazcitta meM putra cAra yA tIna vidvAn brAhmaNoM yA eka AtmajJAnI brAhmaNa ko 6, 3 yA 1 // varSa vAle prAyazcittoM ke niSkraya rUpa meM sonA Adi kA dAna detA hai aura isakI ghoSaNA karatA hai aura vaha Azauca ke uparAnta prAyazcitta karatA hai / maraNAsanna vyakti ko yA putra yA sambandhI ko sarvaprAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai| vaha kSaurakarma karake snAna karatA hai, paMcagavya pItA hai, candanalepa evaM anya padArthoM se eka brAhmaNa ko sammAnita karatA hai, gopUjA karake yA usake sthAna para diye jAnevAle dhana kI pUjA karake saMcita pApoM kI ora saMketa karatA hai aura bachar3A sahita eka gau kA dAna yA usake sthAna para dhana kA dAna karatA hai|' sarvaprAyazcitta ke uparAnta daza-dAna hote haiM, jinakI carcA Upara ho cukI hai| garur3apurANa (214179 ) ne mahAdAna saMjJaka anya dAnoM kI vyavasthA dI hai, yathA-- tila, lohA, sonA, rUI, namaka, sAta prakAra ke anna, bhUmi, gau; kucha anya dAna bhI haiM, yathA-- chAtA, candana, a~gUThI, jalapAtra, Asana, bhojana, jinheM padadAna kahA jAtA hai| garur3apurANa (2|4|37 ) ke mata se yadi maraNAsanna vyakti Atura saMnyAsa ke niyamoM ke anusAra saMnyAsa grahaNa kara letA hai to vaha AvAgamana (janma-maraNa) se chuTakArA pA jAtA hai| AdikAla se hI aisA vizvAsa rahA hai ki marate samaya vyakti jo vicAra rakhatA hai, usI ke anusAra daihika pAra kara jAte haiM / aura dekhie skandapurANa ( 6 / 226 / 32-33) jahA~ vaitaraNI kI carcA hai; 'mRtyukAle prayacchanti ye dhenuM brAhmaNAya vai / tasyAH pucchaM samAzritya te taca tAM nRpa 'n' 7. saMkalpa yaha hai -- ' atra pRthivyAM jambUdvIpe bharatakhaNDe AryAvartakadeze viSNorAjJayA pravartamAnasya brahmaNo dvitIyaparA.... amukatithau amukagotraH amukazarmAhaM mamAtmanaH ( mama pitrAdeH ) vratagrahaNadivasAdArabhya adya yAvatphalAbhilASAdigRhItAnAM niSkAmatayA gRhItAnAM ca amukAmukavratAnAmakRtodyApanadoSaparihArArthaM zrutismRtipurANoktatattadvatajanyasAMgaphalaprAptyarthaM viSNvAdInAM tattaddevAnAM prItaye idaM suvarNamagnidaivatam (tadabhAve idaM rajataM candradaivatam ) amukagotrAyAmukazarmaNe brAhmaNAya dAsye oM tatsat na mama iti saMkalpya ... Adi-Adi ( antyakarmadIpaka, pR0 4) / 8. dezakAlau saMkIrtya mama ( matpitrAdeva) jJAtAjJAtakAmAkAmasakRdasakRt kAyikavAcikamAnasikasAMsargika -- spRSTAspRSTa - bhuktAbhukta -- pItApItasakalapAtakAnupAtakopapAtakalaghupAtakasaMkarIkaraNamalinIkaraNApAtrIkaraNajAtibhraMzakaraprakIrNakAvinAnAvidhapAtakAnAM nirAsena dehAvasAnakAle dehazuddhadvArA zrIparamezvaraprItyarthamimAM sarvaprAyazcittapratyAmnAyabhUtAM yathAzaktyalaMkRtAM savatsAM gAM rudradevatAmamukagotrAyAmukazarmaNe brAhmaNAya tumyamahaM saMpradade oM tatsat na mama / a0 ka0 dI0 ( pR0 5 ) / 1113

Page #121
1114 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa jIvana ke uparAnta usakA jIvAtmA AkrAnta hotA hai (ante yA matiH sA gatiH), ataH mRtyu ke samaya vyakti ko sAMsArika moha-mAyA chor3akara hari yA ziva kA smaraNa karanA cAhie aura mana hI mana 'oM namo vAsudevAya' kA japa karanA caahie| bahuta se vacanoM ke anusAra use vaidika pATha sunAnA caahie| dekhie gautama-pitRmedhasUtra (111-8) / hiraNyakezipitRmedhasUtra (11) ke mata se AhitAgni ke marate samaya putra yA sambandhI ko usake kAna meM (jaba vaha brahmajJAnI ho) taittirIyopaniSad ke do anuvAka (2 / 1 evaM 3 / 1) kahane caahie| antyakarmadIpaka (pR0 18) kA kathana hai ki jaba maraNAsanna vyakti japa na kara sake to use viSNu yA ziva kA ramaNIya rUpa mana meM dhAraNa kara viSNu yA ziva ke sahasra nAma sunane cAhie aura bhagavadgItA, bhAgavata, rAmAyaNa, IzAvAsya Adi upaniSadoM evaM sAmavedIya mantroM kA pATha sunanA caahie| upaniSadoM meM bhI maraNAsanna vyakti kI bhAvanAoM ke viSaya meM saMketa milate haiN| chAndogyopaniSad (zANDilya-vidyA, 3314 / 1) meM AyA hai-'sabhI brahma hai| vyakti ko Adi, anta evaM isI meM sthiti ke rUpa meM isakA (brahma kA) dhyAna karanA caahie| isI kI icchA kI sRSTi manuSya hai| isa vizva meM usakI jo icchA (yA bhAvanA) hogI, usI ke anasAra vaha ihaloka se jAne ke uparAnta hogaa| isI prakAra kI bhAvanA praznopaniSada (3110) meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai| vahA~ aisA AyA hai ki vicAra-zakti AtmA ko uccatara uThAtI jAtI hai jisase manuSya-mana ko aisA parijJAna honA cAhie ki akhila brahmANDa meM jitane bhautika padArtha yA abhivyaktiyA~ haiM ve saba eka haiM aura unameM eka hI vibhu rUpa samAyA huA hai| bhagavadgItA ne yahI bhAvanA aura adhika spaSTa rUpa se vyakta kI hai-'vaha vyakti, jo antakAla meM majhe smaraNa karatA haA isa jIvana se bidA hotA hai, vaha mere pAsa AtA hai, isameM saMzaya nahIM hai| (815) / kintu eka bAta smaraNIya yaha hai ki antakAla meM hI kevala bhagavA maraNa karane se kucha na hogA; jaba jIvana bhara AtmA aisI bhAvanA se abhibhUta rahatA hai tabhI bhagavatprApti hotI hai| aisA kahA gayA hai-'vyakti mRtyu ke samaya jo bhI rUpa (yA vastu) socatA hai, usI ko vaha prApta hotA hai, aura yaha tabhI sambhava hai jaba ki vaha jIvana bhara aisA karatA AyA ho (bhaga0 8 / 6) / purANoM ke AdhAra para kucha nibandhoM kA aisA kathana hai ki antakAla upasthita hone para vyakti ko, yadi sambhava ho to, kisI tIrtha-sthAna (yathA gaMgA) meM le jAnA caahie| zuddhitattva (pR0 299) ne kUrmapurANa ko uddhRta kiyA hai-'gaMgA ke jala meM, vArANasI ke sthala yA jala meM, gaMgAsAgara meM yA usakI mami, jala yA antarikSa meM marane se 9. dekhie bhagavadgItA (815-6)evaM padmapurANa (5|47|262)--'mrnne yAmati : puMsAM gatirbhavati taadRshii|' 10. jape'samarthazceda hRdaye caturbhujaM zaMkhacakragadApadmadharaM pItAmbarakirITakeyUrakaustubhavanamAlAdharaM ramaNIyarUpaM viSNuM trizUlaDamarudharaM candracUDaM trinetraM gaMgAdharaM zivaM vA bhAvayan sahasranAmagItAbhAgavatabhAratarAmAyaNezAvAsyAdhupaniSadaH pAvamAnAdIni sUktAni ca yathAsambhavaM shRnnuyaat| a0 ka0 dI0 (pR0 18) / viSNusahasranAma ke lie dekhie anuzAsanaparva (149 / 14-120); ziva ke 1008 nAmoM ke lie dekhie vahI (17331-153); aura zivasahasranAma ke lie dekhie zAntiparva bhI (285 / 74) / 11. sarva khalvidaM brahma tajjalAniti zAnta upAsItAtha khalu kratumayaH puruSo yathAkraturasmilloke puruSo bhavati tathetaH pretya bhavati sa RtuM kurvIta / chA0 upa (3 / 14 / 1) / antakAle ca mAmeva smaranmuktvA kalevaram / yaH prayAti sa mabhAvaM yAti nAstyatra sNshyH|| yaM yaM vApi smaranbhAvaM tyajatyante klevrm| taM tamevaiti kaunteya sadA tdbhaavbhaavitH|| bhagavadgItA (815-6) dekhie aura zAMkarabhASya, vedAntasUtra (1 / 2 / 1 evaM 4 / 1 / 12) /

Page #122
maraNa ke lie prazasta deza aura kAla 1115 vyakti mokSa ( saMsAra se antima chuTakArA) pAtA hai|' isI artha meM skandapurANa meM AyA hai--'gaMgA ke taToM se eka gavyUti ( do kosa ) taka kSetra ( pavitra sthAna) hotA hai, itanI dUra taka dAna, japa evaM homa karane se gaMgA kA hI phala prApta hotA hai; jo isa kSetra meM maratA hai, vaha svarga jAtA hai aura punaH janma nahIM pAtA' (zuddhitatva, pR0 299-300; zuddhiprakAza, pR0 155) / pUjAratnAkara meM AyA hai-- 'jahA~ jahA~ zAlagrAmazilA hotI hai vahA~ hari kA nivAsa rahatA hai; jo zAlagrAmazilA ke pAsa maratA hai, vaha hari kA paramapada prApta karatA hai|' aisA bhI kahA gayA hai ki yadi koI anArya deza (kIkaTa) meM bhI zAlagrAma se eka kosa kI dUrI para maratA hai vaha vaikuNTha (viSNuloka ) pAtA hai| isI prakAra jo vyakti tulasI ke vana meM maratA hai yA marate samaya jisake mukha meM tulasIdala rahatA hai vaha karor3oM pApa karane para bhI mokSapada prApta karatA hai| isa prakAra kI bhAvanAe~ Aja bhI lokaprasiddha haiM / " mRtyu ke uttama kAla ke viSaya meM bhI kucha dhAraNAe~ haiM / zAntiparva ( 298 23, kalpataru, mokSakANDa, pR0 254 ) meM AyA hai--' jo vyakti sUrya ke uttara dizA meM jAne para (uttarAyaNa hone para) maratA hai yA kisI anya zubha nakSatra evaM muhUrta meM maratA hai, vaha sacamuca puNyavAn hai|' yaha bhAvanA upaniSadoM meM vyakta uttarAyaNa evaM dakSiNAyana meM marane kI dhAraNA para AdhArita hai / chAndogyopaniSad (4/15/5-6 ) meM AyA hai - " aba ( yadi yaha AtmajJAnI vyakti maratA hai ) cAhe loga usakI antyeSTi kriyA (zrAddha Adi) kareM yA na kareM vaha acaH arthAt prakAza ko prApta hotA hai, prakAza se dina, dina se candra ke ardha prakAza ( zukla pakSa ), usase uttarAyaNa ke cha: mAsa, usase varSa, varSa se sUrya, sUrya se candra, candra se vidyut ko prApta hotA hai| amAnava use brahma kI ora le jAtA hai| yaha devoM kA mArga hai; vaha mArga, jisase brahma kI prApti hotI hai| jo loga isa mArga se jAte ve mAnava-jIvana meM punaH nahIM lauTate / hA~, ve nahIM lauttte|" aisI hI bAta chA0 upa0 (5/10/1-2 ) meM AyI hai, jahA~ kahA gayA hai ki paMcAgni-vidyA jAnanevAle gRhastha tathA vizvAsa (zraddhA) evaM tapa karanevAle vAnaprastha evaM parivrAjaka (jo abhI brahma ko nahIM jAnate ) bhI devayAna (devamArga) se jAte 1 aura (5 / 1013-7 ) jo loga grAmavAsI haiM, yajJaparAyaNa haiM, dAnadakSiNAyukta haiM, ghUma ko jAte haiM, ve dhUma se rAtri, rAtri se candra ke ardha aMdhakAra ( kRSNa pakSa ) meM, usase dakSiNAyana ke cha: mAsa, usase pitRloka, usase AkAza evaM candra ko jAte haiM, jahA~ ve karmaphala pAte haiM aura punaH usI mArga se lauTa Ate haiN| chAndogyopaniSad ( 5/1018) ne eka tIsare sthAna kI ora saMketa kiyA hai, jahA~ kITa-pataMga Adi lagAtAra Ate-jAte rahate haiM / bRhadAraNyakopaniSad (6 / 2 / 115-16) ne bhI devaloka, pitRloka evaM usa loka 12. kUrmapurANam / gaMgAyAM ca jale mokSo vArANasyAM jale sthale / jale sthale cAntarikSe gaMgAsAgarasaMgame // tathA skande ---tIrAd gavyUtimAtraM tu paritaH kSetramucyate / atra dAnaM japo homo gaMgAyAM nAtra saMzayaH // atrasthAstridiva yAnti ye mRtA na punarbhavAH / zuddhitattva ( pR0 299 - 300 ); zuddhiprakAza ( pR0 155 ) / pUjAratnAkare -- zAlaprAmazilA yatra tatra saMnihito hariH / tatsannidhau tyajet prANAn yAti viSNoH paraM padam / / liMgapurANe ---- zAlagrAmasamIpe tu krozamAtraM samantataH / kIkaTepi mRto yAti vaikuNThabhavanaM naraH / vaiSNavAmRte vyAsaH -- tulasIkAnane jantoryadi mRtyurbhavet kvacit / sa nirbhartsya naraM pApI lIlayaiva hari vizet // prayANakAle yasyAsye dIyate tulasIdalam / nirvANaM yAti pakSIndra pApakoTiyu topi saH // zuddhitattva ( pR0 299 ); zuddhiprakAza ( pR0 155 ) / ' kIkaTa' magadha deza kA nAma hai, jise Rgveda (3153 / 14 ) meM Aryadharma se bAhara kI bhUmi kahA gayA hai| aura dekhie nirukta ( 6 32 ) jahA~ kIkaTa deza ko anArya-nivAsa kahA gayA hai| zuddhiprakAza 'kIkaTepi' ke sthAna para 'kITako'pi' likhatA hai jo adhika 'samIcIna hai, kintu yaha saMzodhana bhI ho sakatA hai| 68

Page #123
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa kA ullekha kiyA hai jahA~ kITa, pataMga Adi jAte haiN| bhagavadgItA (8 / 23-25) ne bhI upaniSadoM ke ina vacanoM ko sUkSma rUpa meM kahA hai-"maiM una kAloM kA varNana karU~gA jaba ki bhaktagaNa kabhI na lauTane ke lie isa vizva se vidA hote haiN| agni, jyoti, dina, zukla pakSa, uttarAyaNa sUrya ke cha: mAsa; jaba brahmajJAnI ina kAloM meM marate haiM to brahmaloka jAte haiN| dhUma, rAtri, kRSNa pakSa, dakSiNAyana sUrya ke cha: mAsoM meM maranevAle bhaktagaNa candraloka meM jAte haiM aura punaH lauTa Ate haiN| isa vizva meM ye do mArga jo prakAzamAna evaM aMdhakAramaya haiM sanAtana haiN| eka se jAnevAlA kamI nahIM lauTatA kiMtu dUsare se jAnevAlA lauTa AtA hai|" vedAntasUtra (4 / 3 / 4-6) ne 'prakAza', 'dina' Adi zabdoM ko yathAzruta zAbdika artha meM lene ko nahIM kahA hai| arthAt usake mata se ye mArgoM ke lakSaNa yA stara nahIM haiM, pratyuta ye una devatAoM ke pratIka haiM jo mRtAtmAoM ko sahAyatA dete haiM aura devaloka evaM pitRloka ke mArgoM meM unheM le jAte haiM, arthAt ve AtivAhika evaM abhimAnI devatA haiN| zaMkara ne vedAntasUtra (4 / 2 / 20 atazcAyanepi dakSiNe) kI vyAkhyA meM batAyA hai ki jaba bhISma ne uttarAyaNa kI bATa johI to isase yahI samajhanA cAhie ki vahA~ acirAdi kI prazasti mAtra hai-jo brahmajJAnI hai, vaha yadi dakSiNAyana meM mara jAtA hai to bhI vaha apane jJAna kA phala pAtA hai, arthAt brahma ko prApta karatA hai| jaba bhISma ne uttarAyaNa kI bATa johI to aisA karake unhoMne kevala lokaprasiddha prayoga yA AcaraNa ko mAnyatA dI aura unhoMne yaha bhI prakaTa kiyA ki unameM yaha zakti bhI thI ki ve apanI icchAzakti se hI mara sakate haiM, kyoMki unake pitA ne unheM aisA vara de rakhA thaa| aura dekhie yAjJavalkyasmRti (3 / 9193-196) / " zaMkara evaM vedAntasUtra ke vacanoM ke rahate hue bhI lokaprasiddha bAta yahI rahI hai ki uttarAyaNa meM maranA uttama hai (baudhAyanapitRmedhasUtra 2 / 7 / 21 evaM gautamapitRmedhasUtra 2 / 7 / 1-2) / . antyeSTi eka saMskAra hai| yaha dvijoM dvArA kiye jAnevAle solaha yA isase bhI adhika saMskAroM meM eka hai aura manu (2016), yAjJa0 (1 / 10) evaM jAtUkarNya (saMskAraprakAza, pR0 135 evaM antyakarmadIpaka, pR0 1) ke mata se yaha vaidika mantroM ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai| ye saMskAra pahale striyoM ke lie bhI (AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra 1 / 15 / 12, 1 / 16 / 6, 1 / 17 / 11 evaM manu 2 / 66) hote the kintu binA vaidika mantroM ke (kintu vivAha-saMskAra meM vaidika mantroccAraNa hotA hai) aura zUdroM ke lie (manu 10 / 127 evaM yaajny01|10) bhI binA vaidika mantroM ke| bau0pitR meghasUtra (3 / 114) kA kathana hai ki pratyeka mAnava ke lie do saMskAra RNa-svarUpa haiM (arthAt unakA sampAdana anivArya hai) aura ve haiM janma-saMskAra evaM mRtk-sNskaar| dAha-saMskAra tathA zrAddha Adi AhitAgni (jo zrauta agnihotra arthAt vaidika yajJa karatA hai) evaM smArtAgni (jo kevala smArta agni ko pUjatA hai arthAt smRtiyoM meM vyavasthita dhArmika kRtya karatA hai) ke lie bhinna-bhinna rItiyoM se hote haiM, tathA una logoM ke lie bhI jo zrauta yA smArta koI agni nahIM rkhte| jo strI hai, baccA hai, parivrAjaka hai, jo dUra deza meM maratA hai, jo akAla-mRtya pAtA hai yA AtmahatyA karatA hai yA durghaTanAvaza 13. 'devayAna' evaM 'pitayAna' ke viSaya meM dekhie Rgveda meM bhI, ythaa--3158|5, 7.3818, 776.2% 105115; 10 / 98011; 10 // 181, 10 / 27 / aura dekhie taittirIya brAhmaNa (2 / 6 / 3 / 5); zatapathabrAhmaNa (119 / 3 / 2); bRhadAraNyakopaniSad (1 / 5 / 16) / 14. niSekAdizmazAnAnto mantrairyasyovito vidhiH| tasya zAstre'dhikAro'smina zeyo nAnyasya kasyacit / / manu 2316; brahmakSatriyaviTzUdrA varNAstvAdyAstrayo dvijAH / niSekAdyAH zmazAnAntAsteSAM vai mantrataH kriyaaH|| yAza0 (1 / 10); aadhaanpuNssiimntjaatnaamaancaulkaaH| maujI vratAni godAnaM smaavrtvivaahkaaH|| antyaM caitAni karmANi procyante SoDazava tu|| jAtakarNya (saMskAraprakAza, pR0 135 evaM antyakarmadIpaka, pR0 1) /

Page #124
pitaroM ke sambandha meM vaidika prArthanA 1117 mara jAtA hai; unake lie antyeSTi-kRtya bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke hote haiN| eka hI viSaya kI kRtya-vidhiyoM meM zrautasUtra evaM gRhmasUtra vibhinna bAteM kahate haiM aura Age calakara madhya evaM pazcAtkAlIna yugoM meM vidhiyA~ aura bhI vistRta hotI calI gayI haiN| hama vidhi-vistAroM kI carcA yahA~ sthAnAbhAva se nahIM kara sakeMge, kyoMki aisA karane ke lie eka pRthak grantha-lekhana kI AvazyakatA par3a jaaygii| hama kevala saMkSepa meM vibhinna sUtroM, smRtiyoM evaM nibandhoM meM varNita vidhi kA kAlAnusAra ullekha kreNge| nirNayasindhu (pR0 569) ne spaSTa kahA hai ki antyeSTi pratyeka zAkhA meM bhinna rUpa se ullikhita hai, kintu kucha bAteM sabhI zAkhAoM meM eka-sI haiN|5 antya-karmoM ke vistAra, abhAva evaM upasthiti ke AdhAra para sUtroM, smRtiyoM, purANoM evaM nibandhoM ke kAla-krama-sambandhI niSkarSa nikAle gaye haiM (jaisA ki DA0 kailaiNDa ne kiyA hai), kintu ye niSkarSa bahudhA anumAnA evaM vaiyaktika bhAvanAoM para hI AdhArita haiN| hama una para nirbhara nahIM raha skte| zrautasUtroM, gRhyasUtroM evaM pazcAtkAlIna granthoM meM ullikhita antya karmoM ko upasthita karane ke pUrva hama Rgveda ke pAMca sUktoM (10 / 14-18) kA anuvAda upasthita kreNge| ina sUktoM kI RcAe~ (mantra) bahudhA sabhI sUtroM dvArA prayukta huI haiM aura unakA prayoga Aja bhI antyeSTi ke samaya hotA hai aura unameM adhikAMza vaidika saMhitAoM meM bhI pAyI jAtI haiN| bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya TIkAkAroM ne ina mantroM kI TIkA evaM vyAkhyA vibhinna prakAra se kI hai| hama ina vibhinna TIkAoM evaM AlocanAoM kA ullekha yahA~ nahIM kreNge| Rgveda (10 / 14)-(1) "(yajamAna ! ) usa yama kI pUjA karo, jo (pitaroM kA) rAjA hai, vivasvAn kA putra hai, (mRta) puruSoM ko ekatra karanevAlA hai, jisane (zubha karma karanevAle) bahutoM ke lie mArga khoja DAlA hai aura jisane mahAn (apArthiva) U~cAiyA~ pAra kara lI haiN| (2) hama logoM ke mArga kA jJAna sarvaprathama yama ko huA; vaha aisA carAgAha (nivAsa) hai jise koI nahIM chIna sakatA, vaha vahI nivAsa-sthAna hai jahA~ hamAre prAcIna pUrvaja apaneapane mArga ko jAnate hue gye| (3) mAtali (indra ke sArathi yA svayaM indra) 'kAvya' nAmaka (pitaroM) ke sAtha, yama aMgirasoM ke sAtha evaM bRhaspati RkvanoM ke sAtha samRddhizAlI hote haiM (zakti meM vRddhi pAte haiM); jinheM (arthAt pitaroM ko) devagaNa Azraya dete haiM aura jo devagaNa ko Azraya dete haiM; unameM kucha loga (devagaNa, indra tathA anya) svAhA se prasanna hote haiM aura anya loga (pitara) svadhA se prasanna hote haiN| (4) he yama ! aMgiras nAmaka pitaroM ke sAtha 15. pratizAkhaM bhinnapyantyakarmaNi sAdhAraNaM kiNciducyte| nirNaya0 (pR0 569) / 16. zrI berTama esa0 pakila (Bertrum S. Puckle) ne apanI pustaka 'phyUnarala kasTamsa' (Funeral Customs : London 1926) meM antya karmoM Adi ke viSaya meM bar3I manoraMjaka bAteM dI haiN| unhoMne iMglaiNDa, phrAMsa Adi yUropIya dezoM, yahUdiyoM tathA vizva ke anya bhAgoM ke antya karmoM ke viSaya meM vistAra ke sAtha varNana kiyA hai| unake dvArA upasthApita varNana prAcIna evaM Adhunika bhAratIya vizvAsoM evaM AcAroM se bahuta mela khAte haiM, yathA--jahA~ vyakti rogagrasta par3A rahatA hai vahAM kAka (kAle kauA) yA kAle paMkha vAle pakSI kA ur3ate hue baiTha jAnA mRtyu kI sUcanA hai (pR0 17), kana meM gAr3ane ke pUrva zava ko snAna karAnA yA usa para lepa karanA (pR0 34 evaM 36), mRta vyakti ke lie rone evaM zoka prakaTa karane ke lie pezevara striyoM ko bhAr3e para bulAnA (pR0 67), rAtri meM zava ko ma gAr3anA (pR.0 77), sUtaka ke kAraNa kSaurakarma karanA (pR0 91), mRta ke lie kana para mAMsa evaM madya rakhanA (pR. 99-100), kabragAha meM bapatismA-rahita baccoM, AtmahantAoM, pAgaloM evaM jAticyutoM ko na gAr3ane denA (pR0143)| 17. kAvya, aMgiras evaM Rkvan loga pitaroM ko vibhinna koTiyoM ke dyotaka haiN| Rgveda (7 / 10 / 4) meM

Page #125
1118 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ekamata hokara isa yajJa meM Ao aura (kuzoM ke) Asana para baittho| vijJa logoM (purohitoM) dvArA kahe jAnevAle maMtra tumheM (yahA~ ) lAyeM / ( rAjan ! ) isa Ahuti se prasanna hoo| (5) he yama ! aMgirasoM evaM vairUpoM (ke sAtha Ao) aura Anandita hoo| maiM tumhAre pitA vivasvAn kA AhvAna karatA hU~; yajJa meM biche hue kuzAsana para baiThakara (ve svayaM Anandita hoM) / (6) aMgiras, navagva, athavaM evaM bhRgu loga hamAre pitara haiM aura soma se prIti rakhate haiN| hameM una zraddhAspadoM kI sadicchA prApta ho ! hameM unakA kalyANaprada anugraha bhI prApta ho ! (7) jina mArgoM se hamAre pUrvaja gaye unhIM prAcIna mArgoM se zIghratA karake jaao| tuma loga ( arthAt mRta loga) yama evaM varuNa nAmaka do rAjAoM ko svecchApUrvaka Ananda manAte hue dekho|" (8) (he mRta !) uccatama svarga meM pitaroM, yama evaM apane iSTApUrta ke sAtha jA milo|" apane pApoM ko vahIM chor3akara apane ghara ko Ao ! divya jyoti se paripUrNa ho (navIna) zarIra se jA milo ! 21 (9) (he duSTAtmAo ! ) dUra haTo, prasthAna karo, isa sthAna (zmazAna) se alaga haTa jAo; pitaroM ne usake (mRta ke) lie yaha sthAna (nivAsa) nirdhArita kiyA hai| yama ne usako yaha vizrAmasthAna diyA hai jo jaloM, divasoM evaM rAtoM se bharA-pUrA hai| (10) (he mRtAtmA ) ! zIghratA karo, acche mArga se bar3hate hue saramA kI saMtAna ( yama ke) do kuttoM se, jinheM cAra A~kheM prApta haiM bacakara bddh'o| isa prakAra apane pitaroM ke pAsa pahu~co jo tumheM pahacAna leMge aura jo svayam yama ke sAtha AnandApayoga karate haiM / (11) he rAjA vana ! ise ( mRtAtmA ko ) una apane do kuttoM se, jo rakSaka haiM, cAra-cAra A~kha vAle haiM, jo pitRloka ke mArga kI rakSA karate haiM aura manuSyoM para dRSTi rakhate haiM, surakSA do| tuma isako Ananda aura svAsthya do / (12) yama ke do dUta, jinake nathune caur3e hote haiM, jo ati zaktizAlI aura jinheM kaThinAI se saMtuSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai, manuSyoM ke bIca meM vicaraNa karate haiN| ve donoM (dUta) hameM Aja vaha zubha jIvana phira se pradAna kareM jisase ki hama sUrya ko dekha skeN| (13) (he purohito ! yama ke lie somarasa nikAlo, yama ko Ahuti do| vaha yajJa, jisameM agni devoM taka le jAnevAlA dUta kahA gayA hai aura jo pUrNarUpeNa saMnaddha hai, yama ke pAsa pahu~catA hai / (14) ( purohito ! ) ghI mizrita AhutiyA~ yama ko do aura taba prArambha kro| vaha hameM devapUjA meM lage rahane de jisase hameM lambI Ayu prApta ho / (15) yamarAja ko atyanta madhura Ahuti do, yaha praNAma una RSiyoM ko hai jo hamase bahuta pahale utpanna hue the aura jinhoMne hamAre lie mArga banAyA / vaha bRhat (bRhatsAma ) tAna yajJoM meM aura chaH bRhat vistAroM meM bicaratA / triSTupa, gAyatrI Adi chanda - sabhI yama meM kendrita haiM / " Rkvan (gAyaka) loga bRhaspati se saMbaMdhita haiN| anya sthAnoM para ve viSNu, aja-ekapAda evaM soma se bhI sambandhita mAne gaye haiM / svAhA kA uccAraNa devagaNa ko Ahuti dete samaya tathA svadhA kA uccAraNa pitaroM ko Ahuti dete samaya kiyA jAtA hai| 18. varUpa loga aMgirasoM kI upakoTi meM Ate haiN| 19. yaha aura Age AnevAle tIna maMtra mRta logoM ko sambodhita hai| 20. dekhie isa graMtha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 35, jahA~ iSTApUrta kI vyAkhyA upasthita kI gayI hai| iSTApUrta kA artha hai yajJakarmoM (iSTa) evaM dAna- karmoM (pUrta) se utpanna samanvita AdhyAtmika athavA pAralaukika phalotpatti / 21. pitRloka ke AnandoM kI upalabdhi ke lie mRtAtmA ke vAyavya zarIra kI kalpanA kI gayI hai| yaha RRgvedIya kalpanA apUrva hai /

Page #126
pitaroM ke sambandha meM vaidika prArthanA Rgveda (10 / 15)-(1) "soma-nimna, madhyama yA uttaratara zreNiyoM ke snehI pitara loga Age AyeM, aura ve pitara loga bhI jinhoMne zAzvata jIvana yA mRtAtmA kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA hai, kRpAlu hoM aura Age AyeM, kyoMki ve dayApUrNa evaM Rta ke jJAtA haiM / ve pitara loga, jinakA hama AhvAna kareM, hamArI rakSA kreN| (2) Aja hamArA praNAma una pitaroM ko hai jo (isa mRta ke janma ke pUrva hI ) cale gaye yA (isa mRta ke janmoparAnta) bAda ko gaye, aura (hama unheM mo praNAma karate haiM) jo isa vizva meM virAjamAna haiM yA jo zaktizAlI logoM ke bIca sthAna grahaNa karate haiN| (3) maiM una pitaroM ko jAna gayA hU~ jo mujhe (apanA vaMzaja) pahacAneMge, aura maiM viSNu ke pAdanyAsa evaM unake bacce (arthAta agni) ko jAna gayA huuN| ve pitara, jo kuzo para baiThate haiM aura apanI icchA ke anusAra havi evaM soma grahaNa karate haiM, bArambAra yahA~ aayeN| (4) he kuzAsana para baiTanevAle pitara logo, (nIce) apanI rakSA lekara hamArA ora Ao; hamane Apake lie havi taiyAra kara rakhI haiN| inheM grahaNa kro| kalyANakArI rakSA ke sAtha Ao aura aisA Ananda do jo duHkha se rahita ho| (5) kuza para rakhI huI priya nidhiyoM (havyoM) ko grahaNa karane ke lie Amantrita soma ga aayeN| ve hamArI stutiyA~ (yahA~) suneN| ve hamAre pakSa meM boleM aura hamArI rakSA kreN| (6) he pitara logo, Apa sabhI, ghuTane mor3akara evaM havya kI dAyIM ora baiThakara yajJa kI prazaMsA kareM : manuSya hone ke nAte hama Apake prati jo galatI kareM usake lie Apa hameM pIr3A na deN| (7) pitara loga, agni ko divya jvAlA ke sAmane usakI goda meM) baiThakara mujha martya yajamAna ko dhana deN| Apa mRta vyakti ke putroM ko dhana deM aura unheM zakti deN| (8) yama hamAre jina purAne evaM samRddha pitaroM kI saMgati kA Ananda uThAte haiM, ve somapAna ke lie eka-eka karake AyeM, jo yazasvI the aura jinakI saMgati meM (pitaroM ke rAjA) yama ko Ananda milatA hai, vaha (hamAre dvArA diye gaye) havya svecchApUrvaka grahaNa kre| (9) he agni, una pitaroM ke sAtha Ao, jo tRSA se vyAkula the aura (devoM ke lokoM meM paha~cane meM) pIche raha jAte the, jo yajJa ke viSaya meM jAnate the aura jo stutiyoM ke rUpa meM stomoM ke praNetA the, jo hameM bhalI bhA~ti jAnate the, ve (hamArI pukAra) avazya sunate haiM, jo kavya nAmaka havi grahA karate haiM aura jo garma dUdha ke caturdika baiThate haiN| (10) he agni, una avazya AnevAle pitaroM ke sAtha pahale aura samaya se kAlAntara meM Ao aura jo (diye hue) havya grahaNa karate haiM, jo havya kA pAna karate haiM, jo usI ratha meM baiThate haiM jisameM indra evaM anya deva virAjamAna haiM, jo sahasroM kI saMkhyA meM devoM ko praNAma karate haiM, aura jo garma dUdha ke caturdika baiThate haiN| (11) he agniSvAtta nAmaka pitara logo, jo acche pathapradarzaka kahe jAte haiM, (isa yajJa meM) Ao aura apane pratyeka ucita Asana para virAjamAna hoo| (diye hue) pavitra havya ko, jo kuza para rakhA huA hai, grahaNa karo aura zUra putroM ke sAtha samRddhi do| (12) he jAtavedA agni, (hama logoM dvArA) prazaMsita hone para, havyoM ko svAdayukta banA lene para aura unheM lAkara (pitaroM ko) de dene para ve unheM abhyAsavaza grahaNa kreN| he deva, Apa pUta havyoM ko khaayeN| (13) he jAtavedA, Apa jAnate haiM ki kitane pitara haiM, yathA-ve jo yahA~ (pAsa) haiM, jo yahA~ nahIM haiM, jinheM hama jAnate haiM aura jinheM hama nahIM jAnate haiM (kyoMki ve hamAre bahuta dUra ke pUrvaja haiN)| Apa isa bhalI prakAra bane hue havya ko apane AcaraNa ke anusAra kRpA kara grahaNa kreN| (14) (he agni) unake (pitaroM ke) sAtha jo (jinake zarIra) agni se jalA diye gaye the, jo nahIM jalAye gaye the aura jo svadhA ke sAtha Anandita hote haiM, Apa mRta kI icchA ke anusAra zarIra kI vyavasthA kareM jisase naye jIvana (svarga) meM use preraNA mil|" Rgveda (10 / 16)-(1) "he agni ! isa (mRta vyakti? ) ko na jalAo, caturdika ise na jhulAo, isake carma (ke bhAgoM ko) itastataH na pheMko; he jAtavedA (agni) ! jaba tuma ise bhalI prakAra jalA lo to ise (mRta ko) pitaroM ke yahA~ bheja do| (2) he jAtavedA ! jaba tuma ise pUrNarUpeNa jalA lo to ise pitaroM ke adhIna kara do| jaba yaha (mRta vyakti) usa mArga kA anusaraNa karatA hai jo ise (nava) jIvana kI ora le jAtA hai, to yaha vaha ho jAya

Page #127
1120 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa jo devoM ko abhilASAoM ko DhotA hai| (3) tumhArI A~kheM sUrya kI ora jAyeM , tumhArI sA~sa havA kI ora jAya aura tuma apane guNoM ke kAraNa svarga yA pRthivI ko jAo yA tuma jala meM jAo yadi tumheM vahA~ Ananda mile (yA yadi yahI tumhArA bhAgya ho to), apane sAre aMgoM ke sAtha tuma oSadhiyoM (jar3I-bUTiyoM) meM virAjamAna hoo! (4) he jAtavedA, tuma usa bakarI ko jalA DAlo, jo tumhArA bhAga hai, tumhArI jvAlA, tumhArA divya prakAza usa bakarI ko jalA DAle; 22 tuma ise (mRta ko) una logoM ke loka meM le jAo jo tumhAre kalyANakArI zarIroM (jvAlAoM) ke dvArA acche karma karate haiN| (5) he agni, (isa mRta ko) pitaroM kI ora chor3a do, yaha jo tumheM arpita hai cAroM ora ghUma rahA hai| he jAtavedA, yaha (nava) jIvana grahaNa kare aura apane havyoM ko bar3hAye tathA eka navIna (vAyavya) zarIra se yukta ho jaay| (6) (he mRta vyakti ! ) vaha agni, jo saba kucha jalA DAlatA hai, tumhAre usa zarIrAMga ko doSamukta kara de, jo kAle pakSI (kauA) dvArA kATa liyA gayA hai, yA jise cIMTI yA sarpa yA jaMgalI pazu ne kATA hai, aura brAhmaNoM meM praviSTa soma bhI yahI kre| (7) (he mRta vyakti ! ) tuma gAyoM ke sAtha agni kA kavaca dhAraNa karo (arthAt agni kI jvAlAoM se bacane ke lie gAya kA carma dhAraNa karo) aura apane ko moTe mAMsa se chipA lo, jisase (vaha agni) jo apanI jvAlA se ghera letA hai, jo (vastuoM ko naSTa karane meM) Anandita hotA hai, jo tIkSNa hai aura pUrNatayA bhasma kara detA hai, (tumhAre bhAgoM ko) idhara-udhara bikhera na de| (8) he agni, isa pyAle ko, jo devoM ko evaM somapriya (pitaroM) ko priya hai, naSTa na kro| isa camase (cammaca yA pyAle) meM, jisase deva pIte haiM, amara deva loga Ananda lete haiN| (9) jo agni kacce mAMsa kA bhakSaNa karatA hai, maiM use bahuta dUra bheja detA hU~, vaha agni jo duSkarmoM (pApoM) ko DhotA hai yama loka ko jAya ! dUsarA agni (jAtavedA), jo saba kucha jAnatA hai, devoM ko arpita havya grahaNa kre| (10) maiM, pitaroM ko havya dene ke hetu (jAtavedA) agni ko nirIkSita karatA huA, kaccA mAMsa khAnevAle agni ko pRthak karatA hU~ jo tumhAre ghara meM praviSTa huA thA; vaha (dUsarA agni) dharma (garma dUdha yA havya) ko uccatama loka kI ora prerita kre| (11) vaha agni jo havyoM ko le jAtA hai, Rta ke anusAra samRddhi pAnevAle pitaroM ko use de| vaha devoM evaM pitaroM ko havya de| (12) (he agni ! ) hamane, jo tumheM pyAra karate haiM, tumheM pratiSThApita kiyA hai aura jalAyA hai| tuma pyAre pitaroM ko yahA~ le Ao, jo hameM pyAra karate haiM aura ve havya grahaNa kreN| (13) he agni! tuma usa sthala ko, jise tumane zavadAha meM jalAyA, (jala se) bujhA do| kiyAmbu (paudhA) yahA~ uge aura dUrvA ghAsa apane aMkuroM ko phailAtI huI yahA~ uge ! (14) he zItikA (zItala paudhe), he zItalatAprada oSadhi, he hlAdikA (tarotAjA karanevAlI bUTI) Ananda bikheratI huI meDhakI ke sAtha pUrNarUpeNa ghula-mila jAo ! tuma isa agni ko Anandita kro|" Rgveda (10|17)-is sUkta ke 3 se lekara 6 taka ke mantroM ko chor3akara anya mantra antyeSTi para prakAza nahIM DAlate, ataH hama kevala cAra mantroM ko hI anUdita kreNge| prathama do mantra tvaSTA kI kanyA evaM vivasvAn ke vivAha evaM vivasvAn se utpanna yama evaM yamI ke janma kI ora saMketa karate haiN| nirukta (12 / 10-11) meM donoM kI vyAkhyA 22. R0 (10|16|4)....ajo bhAgaH-isase usa bakarI kI ora saMketa hai jo zava ke sAtha le jAyI jAtI thii| aura dekhie R0 (1067), jahA~ zava ke sAtha gAya ke jalAne kI bAta kahI gayI hai| 23. yaha mantra kucha jaTila hai| yadi isa mantra ke zAbdika artha para dhyAna deM to prakaTa hotA hai ki 'kravyAt' agni pitRyajJa meM prayukta hotI hai| aisA kahanA sambhava hai ki 'kravyAda' agni ko apavitra mAnA jAtA thA aura vaha sAdhAraNa yA yakiya agni se pRthak yii|

Page #128
pitaroM ke sambandha meM baMdika prArthanA vistAra se dI huI hai| sarasvatI kI stuti vAle mantra (7-9) atharvaveda (183141-43) meM bhI pAye jAte haiM aura kauzikasUtra (81-39) meM unheM atharvaveda (7.68 / 1-2 evaM 18 / 3 / 25) ke sAtha antyeSTi-kRtya ke lie prayukta kiyA gayA hai| (3) "sarvavijJa pUSA, jo pazuoM ko naSTa nahIM hone detA aura vizva kI rakSA karatA hai, tumheM isa loka se (dUsare loka meM) bheje ! vaha tumheM ina pitaroM ke adhIna kara de aura agni tumheM jAnanevAle devoM ke adhIna kara de ! (4) vaha pUSA jo isa vizva kA jIvana hai, jo svayaM jIvana hai, tumhArI rakSA kre| ve loga jo tumase Age gaye haiM (svarga ke) mArga meM tumhArI rakSA kreN| savitA deva tumheM vahA~ pratiSThApita kare jahA~ sundara karma karanevAle jAkara nivAsa karate haiN| (5) pUSA ina sabhI dizAoM ko kama se jAnatA hai| vaha hameM usa mArga se le cale jo bhaya se rahita hai| vaha samRddhidAtA hai, prakAzamAna hai, usake sAtha sabhI zUra-vIra haiM; vaha vijJa hamAre Age binA kisI truTi ke bddh'e| (6) pUSA (pitRloka meM jAnevAle) mArgoM ke sammukha sthita hai, vaha svarga ko jAnevAle mArgoM aura pRthivI ke mArgoM para khar3A hai| hamako priya laganevAlA vaha donoM lokoM ke sammukha khar3A hai aura vaha vijJa donoM lokoM meM AtA-jAtA rahatA hai|" Rgveda (10 / 18)--(1) "he mRtyu ! usa mArga kI ora ho jAo, jo tumhArA hai aura devayAna se pRthaka hai| maiM tumheM, jo A~khoM evaM kAnoM se yukta ho, sambodhita karatA huuN| hamArI santAnoM ko pIr3A na do, hamAre vIra putroM ko hAni na phuNcaao| (2) he yajJa karanevAle (yAjJika) hamAre sambandhIgaNa ! kyoMki tuma mRtyu ke pada-cihnoM ko miTAte hue Aye hoM aura apane lie dIrgha jIvana pratiSThApita kara cuke ho tathA samRddhi evaM santAnoM se yukta ho, tuma pavitra evaM zuddha bano! (3) ye jIvita (sambandhI) mRta se pRthak ho pIche ghUma gaye haiM; Aja ke dina devoM ke prati hamArA AhvAna kalyANakArI ho gyaa| taba hama nAcane ke lie, (baccoM ke sAtha) ha~sane ke lie aura apane dIrgha jIvana ko dar3hatA se sthApita karate hue Age gye| (4) maiM jIvita (sambandhiyoM, putra Adi) kI (rakSA) ke lie yaha bAdhA (avarodha) rakha rahA hU~, jisase ki anya loga (isa mRta vyakti ke) lakSya ko na phuNceN| ve sau zaradoM taka jIvita rheN| ve isa parvata (patthara) ke dvArA matya ko dUra rakheM! (5) he dhAtA! bace hue logoM ko usI prakAra sa~bhAla rakho jisa prakAra dina ke uparAnta dina eka-eka krama meM Ate rahate haiM, jisa prakAra anukrama se Rtue~ AtI haiM, jisase ki choTe loga apane bar3e (sambandhI) ko na chodd'eN| (6) he bace hue logoM, bur3hApA svIkAra kara dIrgha Ayu pAo, krama se jo bhI tumhArI saMkhyAe~ hoM (vaisA hI prayatna karo ki tumheM lambI Ayu mile); bhadra janma vAlA evaM kRpAlu tvaSTA tumheM yahA~ (isa vizva meM) dIrgha jIvana de ! (7) ye nAriyA~, jinake pati yogya evaM jIvita haiM , A~khoM meM aMjana ke samAna ghRta lagAkara ghara meM praveza kreN| ye paliyA~ prathamataH susajjita, azruhIna evaM pIr3AhIna ho ghara meM praveza kreN| (8) he (mRta kI) patnI! tuma apane ko jIvita (putroM evaM anya sambandhI) logoM ke loka kI ora uThAo; tuma usa (apane pati) ke nikaTa soyI huI ho jo mRta hai; Ao! tuma patnItva ke prati satya rahI ho aura usa pati ke prati, jisane pahale (vivAha ke samaya) tumhArA hAtha pakar3A thA aura jisane tumheM bhalI bhA~ti pyAra kiyA, satya rahI ho| (9) (maiM) mRta (kSatriya) ke hAtha se praNa karatA hU~ jisase ki hamameM sainika vIratA, divyatA evaM zakti aaye| tuma (mata) vahA~ aura hama yahA~ para zUra putra pAyeM aura yahA~ sabhI AkramaNakArI zatruoM para vijaya paayeN| (10) (he mRta) isa vizAla evaM sundara mAtA pRthivI ke pAsa jaao| yaha nayI (pRthivI), jisane tumheM bheTeM dI aura tumheM mRtyu kI goda se surakSita rakhA, tumhAre lie Una ke samAna mRdu lge| (11) he pRthivI! Upara uTha Ao, ise na dabAo, isake lie sarala pahu~ca evaM Azraya bano, aura isa (haDiyo ke rUpa meM mata vyakti) ko usI prakAra ko jisa prakAra mAtA apane A~cala se putra ko DheMkatI hai| (12) pRthivI Upara uThe aura aTala rhe| sahasroM stambha isa ghara ko sa~bhAle hue khar3e rheN| ye

Page #129
1122 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ghara (miTTI ke khaNDa) use bhojana deN| ve yahA~ sabhI dinoM ke lie usake hetu (haDDiyoM ke rUpa meM mRta ke lie) Azraya baneM ! (13) maiM tumhAre cAroM ora tumhAre lie miTTI kA Azraya banA de rahA huuN| miTTI kA yaha khaNDa rakhate samaya merI koI hAni na ho| pitara loga isa stamma ko aTala rkheN| yama tumhAre lie yahA~ AsanoM kI vyavasthA kara de| (14) (devagaNa) ne mujhe dina meM rakhA hai jo punaH tIra ke paMkha ke samAna (kala ke rUpa meM) lauTa AyegA; (ataH) maiM apanI vANI usI prakAra roka rahA hU~ jisa prakAra koI lagAma se ghor3A rokatA hai|" yaha avalokanIya hai ki 'pitR-yajJa' zabda Rgveda (10 / 16 / 10) meM AyA hai| isakA kyA tAtparya hai ? hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA hai ki RgveTa (10 / 15-18) kI RcAe~ kisI eka vyakti ke marane ke uparAnta ke kRtyoM kI ora saMketa karatI haiN| unakA sambandha pUrvapuruSoM kI zrAddha-kriyAoM se nahIM hai| pUrvapuruSoM se, jinheM bahiSadaH evaM agnihavAttAH (R0 10 / 15 / 3-4, 11) kahA gayA hai, turaMta ke mRtAtmA ke prati sneha pradarzita karane ke lie utsukatA avazya prakaTa kI gayI hai| pUrvapuruSoM ko 'havi:' diyA gayA hai aura ve use grahaNa karate haiM, aisA pradarzita kiyA gayA hai (pha.. 10 / 15 / 11-12) / taittirIya saMhitA (1185) meM diye gaye mantroM ke uddezya (jo sAkamegha meM sampAdita pitRyajJa kI ora saMketa karatA hai) se uparyukta RgvedIya mantroM kA uddezya pRthak hai| yaha bAta ThIka hai ki tai0 saM0 (1985) ke tIna mantra Rgveda (10 / 57 / 3-5) ke haiM aura ve piNDa-pitRyajJa meM prayukta hote haiN| kintu yaha kahane ke lie koI tarka nahIM hai ki Rgveda (10 / 15 / 10) pinayajJa' piNDa-pitRyajJa se adhika prAcIna hai| yaha sambhava hai ki ye donoM vibhinna bAtoM kI ora saMketa karate hue samakAlikaM pracalana ke hI dyotaka hoN| aba hama zrauta evaM gRhya sUtroM meM varNita AhitAgni kI mRtyu se sambandhita kRtyoM kA varNana kreNge| somayajJa yA satra ke lie dIkSita vyakti ke (yajJa-samApti ke pUrva hI) mara jAne para jo kRtya hote the unakA varNana AzvalAyana-zrautasUtra (6 / 10) meM huA hai| isameM AyA hai-"jaba dIkSita mara jAtA hai to usake zarIra ko ve tIrtha se le jAte haiM, use usa sthAna para rakhate haiM jahA~ avabhRtha (somayajJa yA satra-yajJa kI parisamApti para snAna) honevAlA thA, aura use una alaMkaraNoM se sajAte haiM jo bahudhA zava para rakhe jAte haiN| ve zava ke sira, cehare evaM zarIra ke bAla aura nakha kATate haiN| ve nalada (jaTAmAMsI) kA lepa lagAte haiM aura zava para naladoM kA hAra car3hAte haiN| kucha loga aMtar3iyoM ko kATakara unase mala nikAla dete haiM aura unameM pRSadAjya (mizrita ghRta evaM dahI) bhara dete haiN| ve zava ke pA~va ke barAbara navIna vastra kA eka Tukar3A kATa lete haiM aura usase zava ko isa prakAra DhaMka dete haiM ki aMcala pazcima dizA meM par3a jAtA hai (zava pUrva meM rakhA rahatA hai) aura zava ke pA~va khule rahate haiN| kapar3e ke Tukar3e kA bhAga putra Adi le lete haiN| mRta kI zrauta agniyA~ araNiyoM para rakhI rahatI haiM, zava ko vedi se bAhara lAyA jAtA hai aura dakSiNa kI ora le jAte haiM, gharSaNa se agni utpanna kI jAtI hai aura usI meM zava jalA diyA jAtA hai| zmazAna se lauTane para unheM dina kA kArya samApta karanA caahie| dUsare dina prAtaH zastroM kA pATha, stotroM kA gAyana evaM saMstavoM (samaveta rUpa meM mantrapATha) kA gAyana binA duharAye evaM binA 'him' svara uccArita kiye hotA hai| usI dina purohita loga grahoM (pyAloM) ko lene ke pUrva tIrthoM se Ate haiM, dAhine hAtha ko UMcA karake zmazAna kI parikramA karate haiM aura nimna prakAra se usake caturdika baiTha jAte haiM; hotA zmazAna ke pazcima meM, adhvaryu uttara meM, udgAtA adhvaryu ke pazcima aura brahmA dakSiNa meN| isake uparAnta dhIme svara meM 'AyaM gauH pRznirakramIt' se Arambha honevAlA mantra gAte haiN| gAyana samApta hone ke uparAnta hotA apane bAyeM hAtha ko zmazAna kI ora karake zmazAna kI tIna parikramA karatA hai aura binA 'om' kA uccAraNa kiye udagAtA ke gAyana ke turata pazcAt dhIme svara meM stotriya kA pATha karatA hai aura nimna mantroM ko, jo yama evaM yAmyAmanoM (RSiyoM yA praNetAoM) ke mantra haiM, kahatA hai; yathA-R0 (10 / 1417-8, 10-11; 10 / 16 / 1-6; 10 / 173-6; 10 / 18 / 10-13; 101154 / 1-5) / unheM R0 (10 / 14 / 12) ke sAtha samApta karanA cAhie aura isake

Page #130
agnihotrI kA dAhasaMskAra 1123 uparAnta kisI ghar3e meM asthiyA~ ekatra karanI cAhie, ghar3e ko tIrtha kI tarapha se le jAnA cAhie aura usa Asana para rakhanA cAhie jahA~ mRta yajamAna baiThatA thaa|" zAMkhAyanazrautasUtra (4 / 14-15) ne AhitAgni kI antyeSTi-kriyA ke viSaya meM vistAra ke sAtha likhA hai: kAtyAyanazrautasUtra (25 / 7) ne yahI bAta saMkSepa meM kahI hai| kAtyA0 (25 / 7 / 18) ne keza evaM nakha kATane evaM mala-padArtha nikAla dene kI carcA kI hai| kauzikasUtra (80 / 13-16) evaM zAMkhAyanazrautasUtra (4 / 14 / 4-5) ne bhI keza kATane, zava ko snAna karAne, lepa karane evaM mAlA-puSpa rakhane kI bAta kahI hai| baudhAyanapitRmedhasUtra (112) ne ina saba bAtoM kI ora saMketa kiyA hai aura itanA jor3a diyA hai ki yadi ve dAhinI ora se aMtar3iyA~ kATakara nikAlate haiM to unheM punaH darbha se sI dete haiM yA ve kevala zarIra ko snAna karA dete haiM (binA mala svaccha kiye), use vastra se DhaMka dete haiM, sa~vArate haiM, AsandI para, jisa para kAlA magacarma (jisakA mukha vAlA bhAga dakSiNa ora rahatA hai) bichA rahatA hai, rakha dete haiM, usa para nalada kI mAlA rakha dete haiM, aura use navIna vastra se DhaMka dete haiM (jaisA ki Upara AzvalAyanazrautasUtra ke anusAra likhA gayA hai) * satyASADhazrautasUtra (28 / 1 / 22) eva gautamapitRmedhasUtra (1 / 10-14) meM bhI aisI bAteM dI huI haiM aura yaha bhI hai ki dAva ke hAtha evaM paira ke aMgUThe zveta mUtroM yA vastra ke aMcala bhAga se bA~dha diye jAte haiM aura Asando (vaha choTA sA palaMga yA kursI jisa para zava rakhakara DhoyA jAtA hai) udumbara lakar3I kI banI hotI hai| kauzikamUtra (80 / 3 / 3 / 45) ne atharvaveda ke bahata-se mantroM kA ullekha kiyA hai jo citA jalAne evaM havi dete samaya kahe jAte haiM, yathA 18 / 2 / 4 evaM 36; 18 / 3 / 4; 18/1149-50 evaM 58; 18 / 141-43, 7 / 6811-2; 18 / 3 / 25; 18 / 2 / 4.18 (18 / 2 / 10 ko chor3akara); 18 / 4 / 1-15 aadi| AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra (4 / 1 evaM 2) ne AhitAgni kI mRtyu se sambandhita sAmAnya kRtyoM kA varNana kiyA hai, kintu AzvalAyanazrautasUtra (jisakA varNana Upara kiyA gayA hai) ne usa AhitAgni kI antyeSTi kA varNana kiyA anya yajJoM meM lage rahate samaya mara jAtA hai| AzvalAyanagavasatra kA kahanA hai-"jaba AhitAgni mara jAtA hai to kisI ko (putra yA koI anya sambandhI ko) cAhie ki vaha dakSiNa-pUrva meM yA dakSiNa-pazcima meM aise sthAna para bhami-khaNDa khadavAye jo dakSiNa yA dakSiNa-pUrva kI ora DhAla ho,yA kacha logoM ke mata se vaha bhami-khaNDa dakSiNapazcima kI ora bhI DhAla ho sakatA hai| gaDaDhA eka uThe hae hAthoM vAle puruSa kI lambAI kA, eka vyAma (pUrI bA~ha taka lambAI) ke barAbara caur3A evaM eka vitasti (bAraha aMgula) gaharA honA caahie| zmazAna caturdika khulA rahanA caahie| isameM jar3I-bUTiyoM kA samUha honA cAhie, kintu ka~TIle evaM dugdhayukta paudhe nikAla bAhara kara dene cAhie (dekhie Azva0 gRhya0 2 / 75, vaastu-priikssaa)| usa sthAna se pAnI cAroM ora jAtA ho, arthAt zmazAna kucha U~cI bhUmi para honA caahie| yaha saba usa zmazAna ke lie hai jahA~ zava jalAyA jAtA hai| unheM zava ke sira ke keza evaM nakha kATa 24. cAtvAla evaM utkara ke madhya vAle yajJa-sthAna ko jAnevAlA mArga tIrtha kahA jAtA hai| dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 29 / stotriya ke lie dekhie khaNDa 2, adhyAya 33 / zatapathabrAhmaNa (12 / 5 / 2 / 5) ne mRta vyakti ke zarIra se sabhI gande padArtho ke nikAla dene kI paramparA kI ora saMketa kiyA hai, kintu ise akaraNIya ThaharAyA hai| usakA itanA hI kathana hai-'usake bhItara ko svaccha kara lene ke uparAnta vaha usa para ghRta kA lepa karatA hai aura isa prakAra zarIra ko yajJiya rUpa meM pavitra kara detA hai|' 25. prayogaratna ke sampAdaka ne nalada ko uzIra kahA hai| kucha granthoM meM nalada ke sthAna para japA puSpa kI bAta kahI gayI hai|

Page #131
1124 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa dene cAhie (dekhie Azva0 gRhya0 6 / 10 / 2) / yajJiya ghAsa evaM ghRta kA prabaMdha karanA caahie| isameM (antyeSTi kriyA meM) ve ghRta ko dahI meM DAlate haiN| yahI pRSadAjya hai jo pitaroM ke kRtyoM meM prayukta hotA hai| (mRta ke sambandhI) usakI pUtAgniyoM evaM usake pavitra pAtroM ko usa dizA meM jahA~ citA ke lie gaDDhA khodA gayA hai, le jAte haiN| isake uparAnta viSama saMkhyA meM bUr3he (puruSa aura striyA~ sAtha nahIM calatI) loga zava ko Dhote haiN| kucha logoM kA kathana hai ki zava bailagAr3I meM DhoyA jAtA hai| kucha logoM ne vyavasthA dI hai ki (zmazAna meM) eka raMga kI yA kAlI gAya yA bakarI le jAnI caahie| (mRta ke sambandhI) bAyeM paira meM (eka rassI) bA~dhate haiM aura use zava ke pIche-pIche lekara calate haiN| usake uparAnta (mRta ke) anya sambandhI yajJopavIta nIcA karake (zarIra ke cAroM ora karake) evaM zikhA kholakara calate haiM; vRddha loga Age-Age aura choTI avasthA vAle pIche-pIche calate haiN| zmazAna ke pAsa pahuMca jAne para antyeSTi kriyA karanevAlA apane zarIra ke vAmAMga ko usakI ora karake citA-sthala kI tIna bAra parikramA karate hue usa para zamI kI TahanI se jala chir3akatA hai aura 'apeta vItA vica sarpatAta.' (R0 10 // 14 // 1) kA pATha karatA hai| (zmazAna ke) dakSiNa-pUrva kucha uThe hue eka koNa para vaha (putra yA koI anya vyakti) AhavanIya agni, uttara-pazcima dizA meM gArhapatya agni aura dakSiNa-pazcima meM dakSiNa agni rakhatA hai| isake uparAnta citA-nirmANa meM koI nipuNa vyakti citAsthala para citA ke lie lakar3iyA~ ekatra karatA hai| taba kRtyoM ko sampAdita karanevAlA lakar3I ke DhUha para (kuza) bichAtA hai aura usa para kRSNa hariNa kA carma, jisakA keza vAlA bhAga Upara rahatA hai, rakhatA hai aura sambandhI loga gArhapatya agni ke uttara se aura AhavanIya agni kI ora sira karake zava ko citA para rakhate haiN| ve tIna ucca boM meM kisI bhI eka varNa kI mata vyakti kI patnI ko zava ke uttara citA para so jAne ko kahate kSatriya rahatA hai to usakA dhanaSa uttara meM rakha diyA jAtA hai| devara, pati kA koI pratinidhi yA koI ziSya yA purAnA naukara yA dAsa 'udIz2a nArya bhi jIvalokama' (R010|1818) mantra ke sAtha usa strI ko uTha jAne ko kahatA hai| yadi zUdra uThane ko kahatA hai to mantrapATha antyeSTi-kriyA karanevAlA hI karatA hai, aura 'dhanurhastAdAdadAno' (R010|18|9) ke sAtha dhanuSa uThA letA hai| pratyaMcA ko tAnakara (citA banAne ke pUrva, jisakA varNana nIce hogA) use Tukar3e-Tukar3e karake lakar3iyoM ke samaha para pheMka detA hai| isake uparAnta use zava para nimnalikhita yajJiya vastue~ rakhanI cAhie; dAhine 26. bahuta-se sUtra patnI ko zava ke uttara meM citA para so jAne aura punaH uTha jAne kI bAta kahate haiN| dekhie kauzikasUtra (80144-45) 'iyaM nArIti patnImupasaMvezayati / udIva'tyutthApayati / ' ye donoM mantra atharvaveda (1853 // 1-2) ke haiN| satyASADhazrautasUtra (28 / 2 / 14-16) kA kathana hai ki zava ko citA para rakhane ke pUrva patnI 'iyaM nArI' uccAraNa ke sAtha usake pAsa sulAyI jAtI hai aura usake uparAnta devara yA koI brAhmaNa 'udISvaM nAroM ke sAtha use uThAtA hai| vahI sUtra (28 / 2 / 22) yaha bhI kahatA hai ki zava ko citA para rakhe jAne para yA usake pUrva patnI ko usake pAsa sulAnA caahie| 27. yahA~ para zatapatha brAhmaNa (12 / 5 / 2 / 6) evaM kucha sUtra (yathA-kAtyAyanazrautasUtra 25 / 7 / 19; zAMkhAmanazrautasUtra 4 / 14 / 16-35; satyAvADhItasUtra 24 / 2 / 23-50; kauzikasUtra 8161-19; baudhAyanapitRmeghasUtra 138-9) tathA gobhila (3 // 34) jaisI kucha smRtiyAM itanA aura jor3a detI haiM ki sAta mArmika vAyu-sthAnoM, yathA mukha, donoM nAsAraMdhroM, donoM A~khoM evaM donoM koM para ve sone ke Tukar3e rakhate haiN| kucha logoM ne yaha bhI kahA hai ki ghRtamizrita tila bhI zava para chir3ake jAte haiN| gautamapitRmedhasUtra (2 / 7 / 12) kA kathana hai ki adhvayaM mRta zarIra ke sira para kapAloM (gola pAtroM) ko rakhatA hai|

Page #132
agnihotrI kA bAhasaMskAra hAtha meM juhU nAmaka camasa, bAyeM hAtha meM upabhRta camasa, dAhinI ora sphadha (kATha kI talavAra ), bAyIM ora agnihotrahavaNI ( vaha dava yA camasa jisase agni meM havi DAlI jAtI hai), chAtI, sira, dA~toM para krama se khutra ( bar3I yajJiya darvI), pAtra ( yA kapAla arthAt gola pAtra ) evaM rasa nikAlane vAle prastara khaNDa ( patthara ke ve Tukar3e jinase somarasa nikAlA jAtA hai), donoM nAsikA raMdhroM para do choTe-choTe sruva, kAnoM para do prAzitra haraNa" (yadi eka hI ho to do Tukar3e karake), peTa para pAtrI (jisameM havi dene ke pUrva havya ekatra kiye jAte haiM) evaM camasa (jisameM iDA bhAga kATakara rakhA jAtA hai), guptAMgoM para zamyA, jA~ghoM para do araNiyA~ (jinake gharSaNa se agni prajvalita kI jAtI hai), pairoM para ukhala (okhalI) evaM musala (mUsala), pA~voM para sUrya (sUpa) yA yadi eka hI ho to use do bhAgoM meM karake / ve vastue~ jinameM gaDDhe hote haiM (arthAt jinameM tarala padArtha rakhe jA sakate haiM), unameM pRSadAjya (ghRta evaM dahI kA mizraNa ) bhara diyA jAtA hai / mRta ke putra ko svayaM cakkI ke UparI evaM nicale pATa grahaNa karane cAhie, use ve vastue~ bhI grahaNa karanI cAhie jo tAmra, loha yA miTTI kI banI hotI haiN| kisa vastu ko kahA~ rakhA jAya, isa viSaya meM mataikya nahIM hai / jaimini (11|3 | 34) kA kathana hai ki yajamAna ke sAtha usakI yajJiya vastue~ (ve upakaraNa yA vastue~ jo yajJa-sampAdana ke kAma AtI haiM) jalA dI jAtI haiM aura ise pratipatti karma nAmaka prameya (siddhAnta ) kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai| arthAt ise yajJapAtroM kA pratipattikarma kahA jAtA hai|" zatapatha brAhmaNa (12/5/2/14) kA kathana hai ki patthara evaM miTTI ke bane yajJa-pAtra kisI brAhmaNa ko dAna de dene cAhie, kintu loga miTTI ke pAtroM ko zavavAhana samajhate haiM, ataH unheM jala meM pheMka denA cAhie / anustaraNI ( bakarI yA gAya ) kI vapA nikAlakara usase ( antyeSTi kriyA karanevAle dvArA ) mRta ke mukha evaM sira ko Dha~ka denA cAhie aura aisA karate samaya 'agnervarma' (R0 10 / 16 / 7 ) kA pATha karanA caahie| pazu ke donoM vRkka nikAlakara. mRta ke hAthoM meM rakha dene cAhie-- dAhinA vRkka dAhine hAtha meM aura bAyA~ bAyeM hAtha meM - aura 'atidrava' (R0 10/14 / 10) kA kevala eka bAra pATha karanA caahie| vaha pazu ke hRdaya ko zava ke hRdaya para rakhatA hai, kucha logoM ke mata se mAta yA jau ke ATe ke do piNDa bhI rakhatA hai| " zava ke aMgoM para pazu ke vahI aMga kATa-kATakara rakha detA hai aura punaH usakI khAla se zava ko Dha~kakara praNItA ke jala ko Age le jAte samaya vaha (antyeSTi karma karane vAlA) 'imam agne' (R0 10 / 16 / 8) kA AhvAna ke rUpa meM pATha karatA hai / apanA bAyA~ ghuTanA mor3akara vaha dakSiNa-agni meM ghRta kI 1125 28. prAzitraharaNa vaha pAtra hai jisameM brahmA purohita ke lie puroDAza kA eka bhAga rakhA jAtA hai| zamyA hala jue kI kaoNTI ko kahA jAtA hai| ke 29. kAtyAyanazrautasUtra ke anusAra anustaraNI pazu ko kAna ke pAsa ghAyala karake mArA jAtA hai| jAtUkarNya ke mata se zava ke vibhinna bhAgoM para pazu ke unhIM bhAgoM ke aMga rakhe jAte haiN| kintu kAtyAyana ise nahIM mAnate kyoMki aisA karane para jalAne ke pazcAt asthiyoM ko ekatra karate samaya pazu kI asthiyA~ bhI ekatra ho jAyeMgI, ataH unake mata se kevala mAMsa-bhAga hI zava ke aMgoM meM lagAnA caahie| milAie zatapathabrAhmaNa ( 121519-12) / AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra (41214 ) ne (jaisI ki nArAyaNa ne vyAkhyA kI hai) kahA hai ki pazu kA prayoga vikalpa se hotA hai, arthAt yA to pazu kATA jA sakatA hai yA chor3a diyA jA sakatA hai yA kisI brAhmaNa ko de diyA jA sakatA hai (dekhie baudhAyanapitRmeghasUtra 1 / 10 / 2 bhI ) / zAMkhAyanazrautasUtra (4) 14 / 14-15) kA kathana hai ki mAre gaye yA jIvita pazu ke donoM vRkka pIche se nikAlakara dakSiNa agni meM thor3A garma karake mRta ke donoM hAthoM meM rakha dene cAhie aura 'atidrava' (R0 10 / 14 / 10-11) kA pATha karanA caahie|

Page #133
1126 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa cAra Ahuti yaha kahakara DAlatA hai-'agni ko svAhA! soma ko svAhA ! loka ko svAhA! anumati ko svAhA!' pAMcavIM Ahuti zava kI chAtI para yaha kahakara dI jAtI hai 'yahA~ se tU utpanna huA hai ! vaha tujhase utpanna ho, na n| svargaloka ko svAhA (vAjasaneyI saMhitA 25 / 22) / isake uparAnta AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra (4 / 4 / 2-5) yaha batAtA hai ki yadi AhavanIya agni yA gArhapatya yA dakSiNa agni zava ke pAsa prathama pahu~catI hai yA sabhI agniyA~ eka sAtha hI zava ke pAsa pahu~catI haiM to kyA samajhanA cAhie; aura jaba zava jalatA rahatA hai to vaha usa para mantrapATha karatA hai (R0 10 / 14 / 7 aadi)| jo vyakti yaha saba jAnatA hai, usake dvArA jalAye jAne para dhUma ke sAtha mRta vyakti svargaloka jAtA hai, aisA hI (zruti se) jJAta hai| 'ime jIvAH' (R0 10 / 1853) ke pATha ke uparAnta sabhI (sambandhI) loga dAhine se bAyeM ghUmakara binA pIche dekhe cala dete haiN| ve kisI sthira jala ke sthala para Ate haiM aura usameM eka bAra DubakI lekara aura donoM hAthoM ko Upara karake mRta kA gotra, nAma uccArita karate haiM, bAhara Ate haiM, dUsarA vastra pahanate haiM, eka bAra pahane hue vastra ko nicor3ate haiM aura apane kuratoM ke sAtha unheM uttara kI ora dUra rakhakara ve tAroM ke udaya hone taka baiThe rahate haiM yA jaba sUryAsta kA eka aMza dikhAI detA hai to ve ghara lauTa Ate haiM, choTe loga pahale aura bUr3he loga anta meM praveza karate haiN| ghara lauTane para ve patthara, agni, gobara, mune jau, tila evaM jala sparza karate haiN| aura dekhie zatapatha brAhmaNa (13 / 8 / 4 / 5) evaM vAjasaneyI saMhitA (35-14, R0 1150 / 10) jahA~ anya kRtya bhI diye gaye haiM, yathA snAna karanA, jala-tarpaNa karanA, baila ko chUnA, A~kha meM aMjana lagAnA tathA zarIra meM aMgarAga lgaanaa| gRhyasUtroM meM varNita anya bAteM sthAnAbhAva se yahAM nahIM dI jA sktiiN| kucha manoraMjaka bAteM dI jA rahI haiN| zatapatha brAhmaNa (13 / 8 / 4 / 11) evaM pAraskaragRhyasUtra (3 / 10 / 10) ne spaSTa likhA hai ki jisakA upanayana saMskAra ho cukA hai usakI antyeSTi-kriyA usI prakAra kI jAtI hai jisa prakAra zrauta agnihotra karanevAle vyakti kI, antara kevala itanA hotA hai ki AhitAgni tInoM vaidika agniyoM ke sAtha jalA diyA jAtA hai, jisake pAsa kevala smArta agni yA aupAsana agni hotI hai, vaha usake sAtha jalA diyA jAtA hai aura sAdhAraNa logoM kA zava kevala sAdhAraNa agni se jalAyA jAtA hai| devala kA kathana hai ki sAdhAraNa agni ke prayoga meM cANDAla kI agni yA azuddha agni yA sUtakagRha-agni yA patita ke ghara kI agni yA citA kI agni kA vyavahAra nahIM karanA caahie| pitadayitA ke mata se jisane agnihotra na kiyA ho, usake lie 'asmAt tvam Adi' maMtra kA pATha nahIM karanA caahie| pAra0 gR0 sUtra ne vyavasthA dI hai ki eka hI gA~va ke rahanevAle saMbaMdhI eka hI prakAra kA kRtya karate haiM, ve eka hI vastra dhAraNa karate haiM, yajJopavIta ko dAhine kaMdhe se laTakAte haiM aura bAyeM hAtha kI cauthI aMgulI se vAjasaneyI saMhitA (35 / 6) ke sAtha jala tarpaNa karate haiM tathA dakSiNAbhimukha hokara jala meM DubakI lete haiM aura aMjali se eka bAra jala tarpaNa karate haiN| Apa0 gha0 sU0 (2 / 6 / 15 / 2-7) kA kathana hai ki jaba kisI vyakti kI mAtA yA pitA kI sAtavIM pIr3hI ke saMbaMdhI yA jahA~ taka vaMzAvalI jJAta ho, vahA~ taka ke vyakti marate haiM to eka varSa se choTe baccoM ko chor3akara sabhI logoM ko snAna karanA caahie| jaba eka varSa se kama avasthA vAlA baccA maratA hai to mAtA-pitA evaM unako jo bacce kA zava Dhote haiM, snAna karanA caahie| uparyukta sabhI logoM ko bAla nahIM saMvArane cAhie, bAloM se dhUla haTA denI cAhie, eka hI vastra dhAraNa karanA cAhie, dakSiNAbhimakha honA cAhie, pAnI meM DabakI lagAnI cAhie, mata ko tIna bAra jala tarpaNa karanA cAhie aura nadI yA jalAzaya ke pAsa baiTha jAnA cAhie, isake pazcAta gA~va ko lauTa AnA cAhie tathA striyAM jo kucha kaheM use karanA cAhie (agni, patthara, baila Adi sparza karanA caahie)| yAjJa0 (32) ne bhI aise niyama diye haiM aura 'apa naH zozacada aghama' (R0 11971: atharva0 4 / 33 / 1 evaM taittirIyAraNyaka 6 / 10 / 1) ke pATha kI vyavasthA dI hai| gautamapitRmedhasUtra (2 / 23) ke mata se citA kA nirmANa yajJiya vRkSa kI lakar3I se karanA cAhie aura sapiNDa

Page #134
antyeSTi saMskAra 1127 loga jinameM striyA~ aura vizeSataH kama avasthA vAlI sabase Age rahatI haiM, citA para rakhe gaye zava para apane vastra ke antabhAga (A~cala) se havA karate haiM, antyeSTi kriyA karanevAlA eka jalapUrNa ghar3A letA hai aura apane sira para darbhaNDU (?) rakhatA hai aura tIna bAra zava kI parikramA karatA hai, purohita ghar3e para eka patthara (azma) yA kulhAr3I se dhImI coTa karatA hai aura 'imA ApaH Adi' kA pATha karatA hai| jaba TUTe ghar3e se jala kI dhAra bAhara nikalane lagatI hai to mantra ke zabdoM meM kucha parivartana ho jAtA hai, yathA 'asmin loke' ke sthAna para 'antarikSe aadi'| antyeSTikartA khar3e rUpa meM jalapUrNa ghar3e ko pIche pheMka detA hai| isake uparAnta 'tasmAt tvamadhijAtosi....asau svargAya lokAya svAhA' Tha ke sAtha zava ko jalAne ke lie citA meM agni prajvalita karatA hai (gau0 pi0 suu01||3||1-13)| zata0 brA0 (28 / 1 / 38) kA kathana hai ki ghara ke loga apanI dAhinI jA~ghoM ko pITate haiM, A~cala se zava para havA karate haiM aura tona bAra zava kI bAyeM ora hokara parikramA karate haiM tathA 'apa naH zozucadagham' (R0 1147 / 1 tathA te0 aa06|101) par3hate haiN| isane Age kahA hai (281137-46) ki zava kisI gAr3I meM yA cAra puruSoM dvArA Dhoya Dhote samaya cAra sthAnoM para rokA jAtA hai aura una cAroM sthAnoM para pRthvI khoda dI jAtI hai aura usameM bhAta kA piMDa 'pUSA tvetaH' (R0 10 / 17 / 3 evaM tai0 A0 6 / 10 / 1) evaM 'AyurvizvAyuH' (R0 10 / 17 / 4 evaM tai0 A0 6 / 10 / 2) mantroM ke sAtha Ahuti ke rUpa meM rakha diyA jAtA hai| varAhapurANa ke anusAra paurANika maMtroM kA uccAraNa karanA cAhie, antyeSTikartA ko citA kI parikramA karanI cAhie aura usake usa bhAga meM agni prajvalita karanI cAhie jahA~ para sira rakhA rahatA hai| Adhunika kAla meM antyeSTikriyA kI vidhi sAmAnyataH uparyukta AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra ke niyamoM ke anusAra yA garuDapurANa (214141) meM varNita vyavasthA para AdhArita hai| sthAnAbhAva se hama isakA varNana yahA~ upasthita nahIM kara skeNge| eka bAta aura hai, vibhinna sthAnoM meM vibhinna vidhiyA~ paramparA se prayukta hotI AyI haiN| eka sthAna kI vidhi dUsare sthAna meM jyoM kI tyoM nahIM pAyI jaatii| isa prakAra kI vibhinnatA ke mUla meM vibhinna zAkhAe~ Adi haiN| zava ko le jAne ke viSaya meM kaI prakAra ke niyamoM kI vyavasthA hai| hamane Upara dekha liyA hai ki zava gAr3I meM le jAyA jAtA thA yA sambandhiyoM yA naukaroM (dAsoM) dvArA viziSTa prakAra se bane palaMga yA kursI yA arathI dvArA le jAyA jAtA thaa| isa viSaya meM kucha sUtroM, smRtiyoM, TIkAoM evaM anya graMthoM ne bahuta-se niyama pratipAdita kiye haiN| rAmAyaNa (ayodhyA 076 / 13) meM AyA hai ki dazaratha kI mRtyu para unake purohitoM dvArA zava ke Age vaidika agniyA~ le jAyI jA rahI thIM, zava eka pAlakI (zibikA) meM rakhA huA thA, naukara Dho rahe the, sone ke sikke evaM vastra arathI ke Age daridroM ke lie pheMke jA rahe the| sAmAnya niyama yaha thA ki dIna ucca vargoM meM zava ko mata vyakti ke varNa vAle hI Dhote the aura zUdra ucca varNa kA zava taba taka nahIM Dho sakate the jaba taka usa varNa ke loga nahIM pAye jAte the| ucca varNa ke loga zUdra ke zava ko nahIM Dhote the aura isa niyama kA pAlana na karane para tatsambandhI azauca mRta vyakti kI jAti se nirNIta hotA thaa| dekhie viSNudharmasUtra (9 / 1-4), gautamadharmasUtra (14 / 29), manu (5 / 104), yAjJa0 (3 / 26) evaM parAzara0 (3 / 43-45) / brahmacArI ko kisI vyakti yA apanI jAti ke kisI vyakti ke zava ko Dhone kI AjJA nahIM thI, kintu vaha apane mAtA-pitA, guru, AcArya evaM upAdhyAya ke zava ko Dho sakatA thA aura aisA karane para use koI kalmaSa nahIM lagatA thaa| dekhie vasiSTha (2367), manu (5 / 91), yAjJa0 (3 / 15), laghu hArIta (92-93), brahmapurANa (parAzaramAdhavIya 12 10 278) / guru, AcArya aura upAdhyAya kI paribhASA yAjJa0 (1134-35) ne dI hai| yadi koI brahmacArI uparyukta pA~ca vyaktiyoM ke atirikta kisI anya kA zava DhotA thA to usakA brahmacaryavrata khaNDita mAnA jAtA thA aura use batalopa kA prAyazcitta karanA par3atA thaa| manu (5 / 103 evaM yAjJa0 331314) kA kathana hai ki jo loga svajAtIya vyakti kA zava Dhote haiM unheM vastrasahita snAna karanA cAhie, nIma kI

Page #135
1128 dharmazAstra kA ihatiAsa pattiyA~ dAMta se cabAnI cAhie; Acamana karanA cAhie; agni, jala, gobara, zveta sarasoM kA sparza karanA cAhie; dhIre se kisI patthara para paira rakhanA cAhie aura taba ghara meM praveza karanA caahie| sapiNDoM kA yaha kartavya hai ki ve apane sambandhI kA zava Dhoe~, aisA karane ke uparAnta unheM kevala snAna karanA hotA hai, agni ko chUnA hotA hai aura pavitra hone ke lie ghRta pInA par3atA hai (gau0 14 / 29; yAjJa0 3 / 26; manu 4 / 103; parA0 3 / 42; devala, parA0 mA0 112, pR0 277 evaM hArIta, aparArka pR0 871) / sapiNDa-rahita brAhmaNa ke mRta zarIra ko DhonevAle kI parAzara (3 / 3 / 41) ne bar3I prazaMsA kI hai aura kahA hai ki jo vyakti mRta brAhmaNa ke zarIra ko DhotA hai vaha pratyeka paga para eka-eka yajJa ke sampAdana kA phala pAtA hai aura kevala pAnI meM DubakI lene aura prANAyAma karane se hI pavitra ho jAtA hai| manu (51.1. 102) kA kathana hai ki jo vyakti kisI sapiNDarahita vyakti ke zava ko premavaza DhotA hai vaha tIna dinoM ke * uparAnta hI azaucarahita ho jAtA hai| AdipurANa ko uddhRta karate hue hAralatA (pR0 121) ne likhA hai ki yadi koI kSatriya yA vaizya kisI daridra brAhmaNa yA kSatriya (jisane saba kucha kho diyA ho) ke yA daridra vaizya ke zava ko DhotA hai, vaha bar3A yaza evaM puNya pAtA hai aura snAna ke uparAnta hI pavitra ho jAtA hai| sAmAnyataH Aja bhI (vizeSataH grAmoM meM) eka hI jAti ke loga zava ko Dhote haiM yA sAtha jAte haiM aura vastrasahita snAna karane ke uparAnta pavitra mAna liye jAte haiN| kucha madhya kAla kI TIkAoM, yathA mitAkSarA ne jAti-saMkIrNatA kI bhAvanA se prerita hokara vyavasthA dI hai ki "yadi koI vyakti premavaza zava DhotA hai, mRta ke parivAra meM bhojana karatA hai aura vahIM raha jAtA hai to vaha dasa dinoM taka azauca meM rahatA hai| yadi vaha mRta vyakti ke ghara meM kevala rahatA hai aura bhojana nahIM karatA to vaha tIna dinoM taka azauca meM rahatA hai / yaha niyama tabhI lAgU hotA hai jaba ki zava ko DhonevAlA mRta kI jAti kA rahatA hai| yadi brAhmaNa kisI mRta zUdra ke zava ko DhotA hai to vaha eka mAsa taka apavitra rahatA hai, kintu yadi koI zUdra kisI mRta brAhmaNa ke zava ko DhotA hai to vaha dasa dinoM taka azauca meM rahatA hai|" kUrmapurANa ne vyavasthA dI hai ki yadi koI brAhmaNa kisI mRta brAhmaNa ke zava ko zulka lekara DhotA hai yA kisI anya svArtha ke lie aisA karatA hai to vaha dasa dinoM taka apavitra (azauca meM) rahatA hai, aura isI prakAra koI kSatriya , vaizya evaM zUdra aisA karatA hai to krama se 12, 15 evaM 30 dinoM taka apavitra rahatA hai| viSNupurANa kA kathana hai ki yadi koI vyakti zalka lekara zava DhotA hai to vaha mata vyakti kI jAti ke lie vyavasthita avadhi taka apavitra rahatA hai| hArIta (mitA0, yAjJa0 3 / 2; madanapArijAta pR0 395) ke mata se zava ko mArga ke gAMvoM meM se hokara nahIM le jAnA caahie| manu (5 / 92) evaM vRddha-hArIta (9 / 100-101) kA kathana hai ki zUdra, vaizya, kSatriya evaM brAhmaNa kA mRta zarIra krama se grAma yA bastI ke dakSiNI, pazcimI, uttarI evaM pUrvI mArga se le jAnA caahie| yama evaM garuDapurANa (22456-58) kA kathana hai ki citA ke lie agni, kASTha (lakar3I), tRNa, havi Adi ucca varNoM kI antyeSTi ke lie zUdra dvArA nahIM le jAnA cAhie, nahIM to mRta vyakti sadA pretAvasthA meM hI raha jaaygaa| hAralatA (pR0 121) kA kathana hai ki yadi zUdroM dvArA lakar3I le jAyI jAya to brAhmaNa ke zava ke citA-nirmANa ke lie brAhmaNa hI prayakta honA caahie| smatiyoM evaM purANoM ne vyavasthA dI hai ki zava ko nahalAkara jalAnA cAhie, zava ko nagna rUpa meM kabhI na jalAnA cAhie, use vastra se DhaMkA rahanA cAhie, usa para puSpa rakhane cAhie aura candana-lepa karanA cAhie; agni ko zava ke mukha kI ora le jAnA caahie| kisI vyakti ko kaccI miTTI ke pAtra meM pakAyA huA bhojana le jAnA cAhie, kisI anya vyakti ko usa bhojana kA kucha aMza mArga meM rakha denA cAhie aura cANDAla Adi (jo zmazAna meM rahate haiM) ke lie vastra Adi dAna karanA caahie|

Page #136
antyeSTi saMskAra 1129 brahmapurANa (zuddhiprakAza, pR0 159) kA kathana hai ki zava ko zmazAna le jAte samaya vAdyayantroM dvArA paryApta ninAda kiyA jAtA hai|" zava ko jalAne ke uparAnta, antyeSTi-kriyA ke aMga ke rUpa meM kartA ko vapana (muMDana) karavAnA par3atA hai aura usake uparAnta snAna karanA hotA hai, kintu vapana ke viSaya meM kaI niyama haiN| smRti-vacana yoM hai-'dAr3hImUMcha banavAnA sAta bAtoM meM ghoSita hai, yathA-gaMgAtaTa para, bhAskara kSetra meM, mAtA, pitA yA guru kI mRtyu para, zrautAgniyoM kI sthApanA para evaM somayajJa meN|"antykrmdiipk (pR0 19) kA kathana hai ki antyeSTi-kriyA karanevAle putra yA kisI anya kartA ko sabase pahale vapana karAkara snAna karanA cAhie aura taba zava ko kisI pavitra sthala para le jAnA cAhie tathA vahA~ snAna karAnA cAhie, yA yadi aisA sthAna vahA~ na ho to zava ko snAna karAnevAle jala meM gaMgA, gayA yA anya tIrthoM kA AvAhana karanA cAhie, isake uparAnta zava para ghI yA tila ke tela kA lepa karake punaH use nahalAnA cAhie, nayA vastra pahanAnA cAhie, yajJopavIta, gopIcandana, tulasI kI mAlA se sajAnA cAhie aura sampUrNa zarIra meM candana, kapUra, kuMkuma, kastUrI Adi sugaMdhita padArthoM kA prayoga karanA caahie| yadi antyeSTi-kriyA rAtri meM ho to rAtri meM vapana nahIM honA cAhie balki dUsare dina honA caahie| anya smRtiyoM ne dUsare, tIsare, pAMcaveM yA sAtaveM dina yA gyArahaveM dina ke zrAddha-karma ke pUrva kisI dina bhI vapana kI vyavasthA dI hai| ApastambadharmasUtra (133 / 10 / 6) ke mata se mRta vyakti se choTe sabhI sapiNDa logoM ko vapana karAnA caahie| madanapArijAta kA kathana hai ki antyeSTi-kartA ko vapana-karma prathama dina tathA azauca kI samApti para karAnA cAhie, kintu zuddhiprakAza (pR. 162 ) ne mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 17) ke mata kA samarthana karate hue kahA hai ki vapana-karma kA dina sthAna-vizeSa kI paramparA para nirbhara hai| vArANasI sampradAya ke mata se kartA antyeSTi-karma ke samaya vapana karAtA hai, kintu mithilA sampradAya ke mata se antyeSTi ke samaya vapana nahIM hotaa| garuDapurANa (2 / 4 / 67-69) ke mata se ghora rudana zava-dAha ke samaya kiyA jAnA cAhie, kintu dAha-karma evaM jala-tarpaNa ke uparAnta rudana-kArya nahIM honA caahie| 30. bharata ne cAra prakAra ke vAghoM kI carcA yoM kI hai-'tataM caivAvanavaM dhanaM suSirameva c|' amarakoza ne unheM nimna prakAra se samajhAyA hai--'tataM vINAdikaM vAdhamAnadaM murajAdikam / vaMzAdikaM tu suSiraM kAMsyatAlAvika dhnm|' 31. gaMgAyAM bhAskarakSetre maataapitrorom'tau| AdhAnakAle some ca vapanaM saptasu smRtam // dekhie mitA0 (yAna0 3.17), parA0 mA0 (132, pR0 296), zuddhiprakAza (pR0 161), prAyazcittatattva (10493) / bhAskara kSetra prayAga kA nAma hai| 32. rAtrI bagdhvA tu piNDAntaM kRtvA vapanavajitam / vapanaM neSyate rAtrau zvastanI capanakriyA // saMgraha (zuddhiprakAza, pR0 161) / ___33. aluptakezo yaH pUrva so'tra kezAn pravApayet / dvitIye tRtIye'hni paJcame saptame'pi vA // yAvacchAdaMpradIyeta tAdityaparaM matam // baudhAyana (parA0 mA0 112, pR0 2); vapanaM vazame'hani kAryam / tadAha devalaH / dazame'hani saMprApte smAnaM grAmA bahirbhavet / tatra tyAjyAni vAsAMsi kezazmazrunakhAni ca // (mitA0, yAjJa0 3 / 17); madanapArijAta (10 416) ne devala Adi ko uddhRta karate hue likhA hai-'paJcabhAdivineSu kRtakSaurasyApi zuddhyartha bazamadinepi vapanaM krtvym|'

Page #137
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa sapiNDoM evaM samAnodakoM dvArA mRta ke lie jo udakakriyA yA jalavAna hotA hai usake viSaya meM mataikya nahIM hai / Azva0 gRhya0 ne kevala eka bAra jala-tarpaNa kI bAta kahI hai, kintu satyASADhazrI0 (28/2|72) Adi ne vyavasthA dI hai ki tilamizrita jala aMjali dvArA mRtyu ke dina mRta kA nAma evaM gotra bolakara tIna bAra diyA jAtA hai aura aisA hI prati dina gyArahaveM dina taka kiyA jAtA hai|" gautanadharmasUtra ( 14 / 38 ) evaM vasiSTha 0 ( 4 / 12 ) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki jaladAna sapiNDoM dvArA prathama, tIsare, sAtaveM evaM naveM dina dakSiNAbhimukha hokara kiyA jAtA hai, kiMtu haradatta kA kathana hai ki saba milAkara kula 75 aJjaliyA~ denI cAhie (prathama dina 3, tIsare dina 9, sAtaveM dina 30 evaM naveM dina 33), kintu unake deza meM paramparA yaha thI ki prathama dina aMjali dvArA tIna bAra aura Age ke dinoM meM eka-eka aMjali adhika jala diyA jAtA thA / viSNudharmasUtra ( 19 / 7 evaM 13 ), pracetA evaM paiThInasi ( aparAkaM pR0 874) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki mRta ko jala evaM piNDa dasa dinoM taka dete rahanA caahie|" zuddhiprakAza ( pR0 202 ) ne gRhyapariziSTa ke katipaya vacana uddhRta kara likhA hai ki kucha ke mata se kevala 10 aMjaliyA~ aura kucha ke mata se 100 aura kucha ke mata se 55 aMjaliyA~ dI jAtI haiM, ataH isa viSaya meM logoM ko apanI vaidika zAkhA ke anusAra paramparA kA pAlana karanA cAhie / yahI bAta Azva0 gRhya0 pariziSTa ( 3 / 4 ) ne bhI kahA hai| garur3apurANa ( pretakhaMDa, 5 / 2223) ne bhI 10, 55 yA 100 aJjaliyoM kI carcA kI hai| kucha smRtiyoM ne jAti ke AdhAra para aJjaliyoM kI saMkhyA dI hai / pracetA (mitA0, yAjJa0 3 / 4) ke mata se brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya evaM zUdra mRtaka ke lie kama se 10, 12, 15 evaM 30 aMjaliyA~ dI jAnI caahie| yama ( zloka 92-94) ne likhA hai ki nAbhi taka pAnI meM khar3e hokara kisa prakAra jala denA cAhie aura kahA hai ( zloka 98 ) ki devoM evaM pitaroM ko jala meM aura jinakA upanayana saMskAra na huA ho unake lie bhUmi meM khar3e hokara jala-tarpaNa karanA caahie| devayAjJika dvArA uddhRta eka smRti meM AyA hai ki mRtyu - kAla se Age 6 piNDa nimna rUpa se diye jAne cAhie; mRtyu-sthala para, ghara kI dehalI para, caurAhe para zmazAna ke mArga para jahA~ zava-yAtrI rukate haiM, citA para tathA asthiyoM ko ekatra karate smy| smRtiyoM meM aisA bhI AyA hai| ki lagAtAra dasa dinoM taka taila kA dIpa jalAnA cAhie, jalapUrNa miTTI kA ghar3A bhI rakhA rahanA cAhie aura mRta kA nAma-gotra kahakara dopahara ke samaya eka muTThI bhAta bhUmi para rakhanA caahie| ise pAtheya zrAddha kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki isase mRta ko yamaloka jAne meM sahAyatA milatI hai (dharmasindhu, pR0 463 ) / kucha nibandhoM ke mata se mRtyu ke dina sapi - 1130 34. kezAn prakIrya pAMsUnopyaikavAsaso dakSiNAmukhAH sakRdunmajjyottIrya savyaM jAnvAcya vAsaH pIDayitvopavizantyevaM tristatpratyayaM gotranAmadheyaM tilamizramudakaM trirutsicyA haraharaJjalinaikottaravRddhiraMkAdazAhAt / satyASADhazrauta0 (28/2072 ) / yahI bAta gau0 pi0 sU0 (1 / 4 / 7) ne bhI kahI hai| jala-tarpaNa isa prakAra hotA hai - 'kAzyapagotra devadatta zarman, etatte udakam' yA 'kAzyapagotrAya devadattazarmaNe pretAyaitattilodakaM dadAmi ( haravatta) yA 'devavattanAmA kAzyapagotraH pretastRpyatu' (mitA0, yAjJa0 3 / 5 ) / aura dekhie gobhilasmRti ( 3 / 36-37, aparArka pR0 874 evaM parA0 mA0 112, pR0 287 ) / 35. dine dine'JjalIn pUrNAn pradadyAtpretakAraNAt / tAvad vRddhizca kartavyA yAvatpiNDaH samApyate // pracetA (mitA0, yAjJa0 3 | 3 ) ; 'yAvadAzaucaM tAvatpretasyodakaM piNDaM ca dadyuH / ' vi0 gha0 sU0 ( 19 / 13) / yadi eka dina kevala eka hI aMjali jala diyA jAya to dasa dinoM meM kevala dasa aMjaliyA~ hoMgI, yadi prati dina 10 aMjaliyA~ dI jAyeM to 100, kintu yadi prathama dina eka aMjali aura usake uparAnta prati dina eka aMjali bar3hAte jAyeM to kula milAkara 55 aMjaliyA~ hoMgI /

Page #138
tilAMjali yA jalavAna; piNDodaka-kriyA 1131 NDoM dvArA vapana, snAna, grAma evaM ghara meM praveza kara lene ke uparAnta nagna-pracchAvana nAmaka zrAddha karanA ca pracchAdana zrAddha meM eka ghar3e meM anAja bharA jAtA hai, eka pAtra meM ghRta evaM sAmarthya ke anusAra sone ke Tukar3e yA sikke bhare jAte haiN| anna pUrNa ghaDe kI garadana vastra se ba~dhI rahatI hai| viSNa kA nAma lekara donoM pAtra kisI kalIna daridra brAhmaNa ko de diye jAte haiM (dekhie smRtimuktAphala, pR0 595-596 evaM smRticandrikA, pR0 176) / smRtiyoM evaM purANoM (yathA-kUrmapurANa, uttarArdha 23 / 70) ke mata se aMjali se jala dene ke uparAnta pake hae cAvala yA jo kA piNDa tiloM ke sAtha darbha para diyA jAtA hai| isa viSaya meM do mata haiN| yAjJa0 (3 / 16) ke mata se piNDapitayajJa kI vyavasthA ke anasAra tIna dinoM taka eka-eka piNDa diyA jAtA hai (isameM janeU dAhine kaMdhe para yA apasavya rakhA jAtA hai); viSNu0 (19 / 13) ke mata se azauca ke dinoM meM prati dina eka piNDa diyA jAtA hai| yadi mRta vyakti kA upanayana huA hai to piNDa darbha para diyA jAtA hai, kintu mantra nahIM par3hA jAtA, yA piNDa patthara para bhI diyA jAtA hai| jala to pratyeka sapiNDa yA anya koI bhI de sakatA hai, kintu piNDa putra (yadi kaI putra hoM to jyeSTha putra, yadi vaha doSarahita ho) detA hai; putrahInatA para bhAI yA bhatIjA detA hai aura unake abhAva meM mAtA ke sapiNDa, yathA mAmA yA mamerA bhAI Adi dete haiN| vaisI sthiti meM bhI jaba piNDa tIna dinoM taka diye jAte haiM yA jaba azauca kevala tIna dinoM kA rahatA hai, zAtAtapa ne piNDoM kI saMkhyA 10dI hai aura pAraskara ne unheM nimna rUpa se bA~TA hai; prathama dina 3, dUsare dina 4 aura tIsare dina 3 / kintu dakSa ne unheM nimna rUpa se bA~TA hai| prathama dina meM eka, dUsare dina 4 aura tIsare dina 5 / pAraskara ne jAti ke anusAra krama se 10, 12, 15 evaM 30 piNDoM kI saMkhyA dI hai| vArANasI sampradAya ke mata se zava-dAha ke samaya 4, 5 yA 6 piNDa tathA mithilA sampradAya ke anusAra kevala eka piNDa diyA jAtA hai| gRhyapariziSTa evaM garuDapurANa ke mata se una sabhI ko, jinhoMne mRtyu ke dina karma karanA Arambha kiyA hai, cAhe ve sagotra hoM yA kisI anya gotra ke hoM, dasa dinoM taka sabhI karma karane par3ate haiN| aisI vyavasthA hai ki yadi koI vyakti karma karatA A rahA hai aura isI bIca meM putra A upasthita ho to prathama vyakti hI 10 dinoM taka karma karatA rahatA hai, kintu gyArahaveM dina kA karma putra yA nikaTa sambandhI (sapiNDa) karatA hai| matsyapurANa kA kathana hai ki mRta ke lie piNDadAna 12 dinoM taka honA cAhie, ye piNDa mRta ke lie dUsare loka meM jAne ke lie pAtheya hote haiM aura ve use santuSTa karate haiM, mRta 12 dinoM ke uparAnta mRtAtmAoM ke loka meM calA jAtA hai, ataH ina dinoM ke bhItara vaha apane ghara, putroM evaM patnI ko dekhatA rahatA hai| ___ jisa prakAra eka hI gotra ke sapiNDoM evaM samAnodakoM ko jala-tarpaNa karanA anivArya hai usI prakAra kisI vyakti ko apane nAnA tathA apane do anya pUrvapuruSoM evaM AcArya ko unakI mRtyu ke uparAnta jala denA anivArya hai| vyakti yadi cAhe to apane mitra, apanI vivAhitA bahina yA putrI, apane mAnaje, zvazura, purohita ko unakI matyu para jala de sakatA hai (pAra0 gR0 3 / 10; zaMkha-likhita, yAjJa0 3 / 4) / pAraskaragRhya (3 / 10) ne eka vicitra rIti kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| jaba sapiNDa loga snAna karane ke lie jala meM praveza karane ko udyata hote haiM aura ___36. putrAbhAve sapiNDA mAtRsapiNDAH ziSyAzca vA ddhuH| tadabhAve RtvigAcAyauM / gau050 sU0 (15 / 13. 14) / 37. asagotraH sagAtro vA yadi strI yadi vA pumAn / prathame'hani yo dadyAtsa dazAhaM samApayet // gRhyapariziSTa (mitA0, yAjJa0 11255 evaM 3 / 16; aparArka pR0 887; madanapArijAta, pR0 400; hAralatA pR0 172) / dekhie lamvAzvalAyana (2016) evaM garuDapurANa (pretakhaNDa, 5 / 19-20) /

Page #139
1132 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa jaba ve mRta ko jala denA cAhate haiM to apane sambandhiyoM yA sAle se jala ke lie isa prakAra prArthanA karate haiM hama loga udakakriyA karanA cAhate haiM, isa para dUsarA kahatA hai-'aisA karo kintu punaH na aanaa|' aisA tabhI kiyA jAtA thA jaba ki mRta 100 varSa se kama kI Ayu kA hotA thA, kintu jaba vaha 100 varSa kA yA isase Upara kA hotA thA to kevala 'aisA karo' kahA jAtA thaa| gautamapita meghasUtra (1 / 4 / 4-6) meM bhI aisA hI pratIkAtmaka vArtAlApa AyA hai| koI rAjakarmacArI, sagotra yA sAlA (yA bahanoI) eka kaTIlI TahanI lekara unheM jala meM praveza karane se rokatA hai aura kahatA hai, 'jala meM praveza na karoM'; isake uparAnta sapiNDa uttara detA hai-'hama loga punaH jala meM praveza nahIM kreNge|' isakA sambhavataH yaha tAtparya hai ki ve kuTumba meM kisI anya kI mRtyu se chuTakArA pAyeMge, arthAt zIghra hI unheM punaH nahIM AnA par3egA yA kuTumba meM koI mRtyu zIghra na hogii| mRta ko jala dene ke lie kucha loga ayogya mAne gaye haiM aura kucha mRta vyakti bhI jala pAne ke lie ayogya ThaharAye gaye haiN| napuMsaka logoM, sone ke coroM, vrAtyoM, vidharmI logoM, bhrUNahatyA (garbhapAta) karanevAlI tathA pati kI hatyA karanevAlI striyoM, niSiddha madya pInevAloM (surApiyoM) ko jala denA manA thaa| yAjJa0 (316) ne vyAkhyA kI hai ki nAstikoM, cAra prakAra ke AzramoM meM na rahanevAloM, coroM, pati kI hatyA karanevAlI nAriyoM, vyabhicAriNiyoM, surApiyoM, AtmahatyA karanevAloM ko na to marane para jala denA cAhie aura na azauca manAnA caahie| yahI bAta mana (5 / 89-90) ne bhI kahI hai| gautamadharmasUtra (14 / 11) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki una logoM kI na to antyeSTi-kriyA hotI hai, na azauca hotA hai, na jala-tarpaNa hotA hai aura na piNDadAna hotA hai, jo krodha meM Akara mahAprayANa karate haiM, jo upavAsa se yA zastra se yA agni se yA viSa se yA jala-praveza se yA phAMsI lagAkara laTaka jAne se yA parvata se kudakara yA per3a se girakara AtmahatyA kara lete haiN|" haradatta (gau014|11) ne brahmapurANa se tIna padya uddhata kara kahA hai ki jo brAhmaNa-zApa yA abhicAra se marate haiM yA jo patita haiM ve isI prakAra kI gati pAte haiN| kintu aMgirA (mitA0, yAjJa0 3 / 6) kA kathana hai ki jo loga asAvadhAnI se jala yA agni dvArA mara jAte haiM unake lie azauca hotA hai aura udakakriyA kI jAtI hai| dekhie vaikhAnasazrautasUtra (5 / 11), jahA~ aise logoM kI sUcI hai jinakA dAhakarma nahIM hotaa| mahAbhArata meM antyeSTi-karma kA bahudhA varNana huA hai, yathA Adiparva (adhyAya 127) meM pANDu kA dAha-karma (cAroM ora se DhaMkI zibikA meM zava le jAyA gayA thA, vAdya yantra the, jalUsa meM rAjachatra evaM cAmara the, sAdhaoM ko dhana bA~TA jA rahA thA, gaMgAtaTa ke eka suramya sthala para zava le jAyA gayA thA, zava ko snAna karAyA gayA thA, usa para candanalepa lagAyA gayA thA); strIparva (adhyAya 23 / 39-42) meM droNa kA dAha-karma (tIna sAma par3he gaye the, unake ziSyoM ne patnI ke sAtha citA kI parikramA kI, gaMgA ke taTa para loga gaye the); anuzAsanaparva (169 / 10-19) meM bhISma kA dAha-karma (citA para sugaMdhita padArtha DAle gaye the, zava sundara vastroM evaM puSpoM se DhaMkA thA, zava ke Upara chatra evaM cAmara the, kauravoM kI nAriyA~ zava para paMkhe jhala rahI thIM aura sAmaveda kA gAyana ho rahA thA); 38. prAyAnAzakazastrAgniviSodakobandhanaprapatanazcecchatAm / gau0 (14 / 11); krodhAt prAyaM viSaM vahniH zastramubandhanaM jalam / girivRkSaprapAtaM ca ye kurvanti nraadhmaaH|| brahmadaNDahatA ye ca ye caiva braahmnnairhtaaH| mahApAtakino ye ca patitAste prakIrtitAH // patitAnAM na dAhaH syAnna ca syAdasthisaMcayaH / ma cAzrupAtaH piNDo vA kAryA zrAddhakriyA na ca // brahmapurANa (haradatta, gau0 14111; aparArka pR0 902--903), dekhie auzanasasmRti (7 // 1, pR0 539), saMvarta (178-179), atri (216-217), kUrmapurANa (uttarArdha 23 // 60-63), hAralatA (pR0 204), zuddhiprakAza (pR0 59) /

Page #140
puttala-vidhAna dvArA dAhakarma; AhitAgni kI patniyoM kI vyavasthA 1133 mausalaparva (7 / 19-25) meM bAsudeva kA, strIparva (26 / 28-43) meM anya yoddhAoM kA tathA AzramavAsikaparva (adhyAya 39) meM kuntI, dhRtarASTra evaM gAndhArI kA dAhakarma varNita hai| rAmAyaNa (ayodhyAkANDa, 76 / 16-20) meM AyA hai ki dazaratha ko citA candana kI lakar3iyoM se banI thI aura usameM agara evaM anya sugaMdhita padArtha the; sarala, padmaka devadAru Adi kI sugaMdhita lakar3iyA~ bhI thIM; kausalyA tathA anya striyA~ zibikAoM evaM apanI sthiti ke anusAra anya gAr3iyoM meM zavayAtrA meM sammilita haI thiiN| yadi AhitAgni (jo zrauta agnihotra karatA ho) videza meM mara jAya to usakI asthiyAM maMgAkara kAle magacarma para phailA dI jAnI cAhie (zatapathabrAhmaNa 2 / 5 / 1 / 13-14) aura unheM mAnava-AkAra meM sajA denA cAhie tathA rUI evaM ghRta tathA zrauta agniyoM evaM yajJapAtroM ke sAtha jalA DAlanA caahie| isa viSaya meM aura dekhie kAtyAyanazrIta0 (25 / 8 / 9), baudhAyanapitRmedhasUtra (3.8), gomilasmRti (3 / 47) evaM vasiSThadharmasUtra (4 / 37) / yadi asthiyAM na prApta ho sake to sUtroM ne aitareyabrAhmaNa (3211) evaM anya prAcIna granthoM ke AdhAra para yaha vyavasthA dI hai ki palAza kI 360 pattiyoM se kAle mRgacarma para mAnava-puttala banAnA cAhie aura use Una ke sUtroM se bA~dha denA cAhie, usa para jala se mizrita jau kA ATA DAla denA cAhie aura ghRta DAlakara mRta kI agniyoM evaM yajJapAtroM ke sAtha jalA DAlanA caahie| brahmapurANa (zuddhiprakAza, pR0 187) ne bhI aise hI niyama diye haiM aura tIna dinoM kA azauca ghoSita kiyA hai| aparArka (pR0 545) dvArA uddhRta eka smRti meM palAza kI pattiyoM kI saMkhyA 362 likhI huI hai| baudhAyanapitRmedhasUtra evaM gautamapitRmedhasUtroM ke mata se ye pattiyA~ nimna rUpa se sajAyI jAnI cAhie; sira ke lie 40, garadana ke lie 10, chAtI ke lie 20, udara (peTa) ke lie 30, pairoM ke lie 70, pairoM ke a~gUThoM ke lie 10, donoM vAhoM ke lie 50, hAthoM kI aMguliyoM ke lie 10, liMga ke lie 8 evaM aNDakozoM ke lie 12 / yahI varNana satyASADhazrauta0 (19 / 4 / 39) meM bhI hai| aura dekhie zAMkhA0 zrI0 (4 / 15 / 19-31), kAtyA0 zrI0 (25 / 8 / 15), vaudhA0 pi0 sU0 (3.8), gau0 pi0 sU0 (22116-14), gobhila0 (3 / 48), hArIta (zuddhiprakAza, pR0 186) evaM garuDapurANa (2 / 4 / 134-154 evaM 2 / 40 / 44) / sUtroM evaM smRtiyoM meM palAza-patroM kI una saMkhyAoM meM mataikya nahIM hai jo vibhinna aMgoM ke lie vyavasthita haiN| aparArka (pR0 545) dvArA uddhRta eka smRti meM saMkhyA yoM hai--sira ke lie 32, garadana ke lie 60, chAtI ke lie 80, nitamba ke lie 20, donoM hAthoM ke lie 20-20, aMguliyoM ke lie 10, aMDakozoM ke lie 6, liMga ke lie 4, jAMghoM ke lie 60, ghuTanoM ke lie 20, pairoM ke nimna bhAgoM ke lie 20, paira ke aMgUToM ke lie 10 / jAtUkarNya (aparArka, pR0 545) ke mata se yadi putra 15 varSoM taka videza gaye hae apane pitA ke viSaya meM kucha na jAna sake to use puttala jalAnA caahie| puttala jalAne ko AkRtivahana kahA jAtA hai| bRhaspati ne isa viSaya meM 12 varSoM taka johane kI bAta kahI hai| vaikhAnasasmArtasUtra (5 / 1H ne Akatidahana ko phaladAyaka karma mAnA hai aura ise kevala zava yA asthiyoM kI aprApti taka hI sImita nahIM mAnA hai| zuddhiprakAza (pR0 187) ne brahmapurANa ko uddhRta kara kahA hai ki AkRtidahana kevala AhitAgniyoM taka hI sImita nahIM mAnanA cAhie, yaha karma unake lie bhI hai jinhoMne zrauta agnihotra nahIM kiyA hai| isa viSaya meM AhitAgniyoM ke lie azauca 10 dinoM taka tathA anya logoM ke lie kevala 3 dinoM taka hotA hai| satyASADhazrauta0 (29 / 4 / 41), baughA0 pitRmeghasUtra (31714) evaM garuDapurANa (2 / 41169-70) meM aisI vyavasthA dI huI hai ki yadi videza gayA huA vyakti AkRtidahana (puttala-dAha) ke uparAnta lauTa Aye, arthAt mRta samajhA gayA vyakti jIvita avasthA meM lauTe to vaha ghRta se bhare kuNDa meM Dubokara bAhara nikAlA jAtA hai, punaH usako snAna karAyA jAtA hai aura jAtakarma se lekara sabhI saMskAra kiye jAte haiN| isake uparAnta usako apanI patnI ke sAtha punaH vivAha karanA hotA hai, kintu yadi usakI patnI mara gayI hai to vaha dUsarI kanyA se vivAha kara sakatA hai, aura

Page #141
1134 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa taba vaha punaH agnihotra Arambha kara sakatA hai| kucha sUtroM ne aisI vyavasthA dI hai ki yadi AhitAgni kI patnI usase pUrva hI mara jAya to vaha cAhe to use zrautAgniyoM dvArA jalA sakatA hai yA gobara se jvalita agni yA tIna thAliyoM meM rakhe, zIghra hI jalanevAle ghAsa-phasa se utpanna agni dvArA jalA sakatA hai| manu (5 / 167-168) kA kathana hai ki yadi AhitAgni dvija kI savarNa evaM sadAcAriNI patnI mara jAya to AhitAgni pati apanI zrauta evaM smArta agniyoM se use yajJapAtroM ke sAtha jalA sakatA hai| isake uparAnta vaha punaH vivAha kara agnihotra Arambha kara sakatA hai| isa viSaya meM aura dekhie yAjJa0 (1189), baudhA0 pi0 sU0 (2 / 4 evaM 6), gobhila-smRti (3 / 5), vaikhAnasasmArtasUtra (7 / 2), vRddha hArIta (11 / 213), laghu Azva0 (2059) / vizvarUpa (yAjJa0 1187) ne isa viSaya meM kAThaka-zruti ko uddhRta kara kahA hai ki yadi koI vyakti apanI patnI kI mRtyu ke uparAnta bhI ve hI purAnI zrautAgniyA~ rakhatA hai to ve agniyA~ usa agni ke samAna apavitra mAnI jAtI haiM jo zava ke lie prayukta hotI hai, aura usane itanA aura jor3a diyA hai ki yadi AhitAgni kI kSatriya patnI usake pUrva mara jAya to usakA dAha bhI zrautAgniyoM se hI hotA hai| yaha siddhAnta anya TIkAkAroM ke mata kA virodhI hai, kintu usane manu (5 / 167) meM prayukta 'savarNa' ko kevala udAharaNasvarUpa liyA hai, kyoMki aisA na karane se vAkyabheda doSa utpanna ho jaaygaa| ataH brAhmaNa-patnI ke atirikta kSatriyapatnI ko bhI mAnyatA dI gayI hai| kucha smRtiyoM ne aisA likhA hai ki AhitAgni vidhura rUpa meM rahakara bhI apanA agnihotra sampAdita kara sakatA hai, aura patnI kI sone yA kuza kI pratimA banAkara yajJAdi kara sakatA hai, jaisA ki rAma ne kiyA thaa| dekhie gobhilasmRti (3 / 9-10) evaM vRddha-hArIta (11 / 214) / jaba gRhastha apanI mRta patnI ko zrautAgniyoM ke sAtha jalAne ke uparAnta punaH vivAha nahIM karatA hai aura na punaH navIna vaidika (zrauta) agniyA~ rakhatA hai to vaha marane ke uparAnta sAdhAraNa agniyoM se hI jalAyA jAtA hai| yadi gRhastha punaH vivAha nahIM kara sakatA to vaha apanI mRta patnI ke zava ko araNiyoM se utpanna agni meM jalA sakatA hai aura apanI vaidika agniyoM ko surakSita rakhakara patnI kI pratimA ke sAtha agnihotra kA sampAdana kara sakatA hai| yadi AhitAgni pahale mara jAya to usakI vidhavA araNiyoM se utpanna agni (nirmanthya) se jalAyI jAtI hai| dekhie baughA0 pi0 sU0 (4 / 6-8), kAtyA0 zrI0 (29 / 4 / 3435) evaM trikANDamaNDana (2 / 121) / jaba patnI kA dAhakarma hotA hai to 'asmAttvamabhijAtosi' nAmaka mantra kA pATha nahIM hotA (gobhila0 3 / 52) / kevala sadAcAriNI evaM pativratA strI kA dAhakarma zrauta yA smArta agni se hotA hai (vahI 353) / Rtu (zuddhiprakAza, pR0 166) evaM baudhA0 pi0 sU0 (3 / 1 / 9-13) ke anusAra vidhura evaM vidhavA kA dAhakarma kapAla nAmaka agni (kapAla ko tapAkara kaNDoM se utpAdita agni) se, brahmacArI evaM yati (sAdhu) kA uttapana (yA kapAlaja) nAmaka agni se, kumArI kanyA tathA upanayanarahita lar3ake kA bhUsA se utpanna agni se hotA hai| yadi AhitAgni patita ho jAya yA kisI prakAra se AtmahatyA kara le yA pazuoM yA sau se bhir3akara mara jAya to usakI zrautAgniyA~ jala meM pheMka denI cAhie, smArta agniyA~ caurAhe yA jala meM pheMka denI cAhie, yajJapAtroM ko jalA DAlanA cAhie (parA0 mA0 112, pR0 226; parAzara 5 / 10-11; vaikhAnasasmArta0 5 / 11) aura use sAdhAraNa (laukika) agni se jalAnA caahie| manu (5 / 68), yAjJa0 (31), parAzara (3 / 14), viSNu0 (22 / 27-28), brahmapurANa (parA0 mA0 112, pR0 238) ke mata se garbha se patita bacce, bhrUNa, mRtotpanna zizu tathA dantahIna zizu ko vastra se DhaMkakara gAr3a denA caahie| choTI avasthA ke baccoM ko nahIM jalAnA cAhie, kintu isa viSaya meM prAcIna smRtiyoM meM avasthA sambandhI vibheda pAyA jAtA hai| pAraskaragRhya0 (3 / 10), yAjJa0 (3 / 1), manu (5 / 68-6.), yama Adi ne vyavasthA dI hai ki varSa ke bhItara ke baccoM ko grAma ke bAhara zmazAna se dUra kisI svaccha sthAna para gAr3a denA cAhie; aise baccoM ke zavoM para ghRta kA lepa karanA cAhie, una para candana-lepa, puSpa Adi rakhane cAhie, na to unheM jalAnA cAhie aura na jala

Page #142
bAsaka, yati evaM azaci striyoM kA antima saMskAra 1135 tarpaNa karanA cAhie aura na unakA asthi-cayana karanA caahie| sambandhI sAtha meM nahIM bhI jA sakate haiN| yama ne yamasUkta (R0 10 / 14) ke pATha evaM yama ke sammAna meM stutipATha karane kI vyavasthA dI hai| manu (5 / 70) ne kucha vaikalpika vyavasthAe~ dI haiM, yathA--dAMta vAle baccoM yA nAmakaraNa-saMskRta baccoM ke lie jala-tarpaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, arthAta aise baccoM kA zavadAha bhI ho sakatA hai| ataH do varSa se kama avasthA ke baccoM kI antyeSTi ke viSaya meM vikalpa hai, arthAt nAmakaraNa evaM dA~ta nikalane ke uparAnta aise bacce jalAye yA gAr3e jA sakate haiN| kintu aisA karane meM sabhI sapiNDoM kA zava ke sAtha jAnA Avazyaka nahIM hai| yadi baccA do varSa kA ho yA adhika avasthA kA ho kintu abhI upanayana saMskAra na huA ho to usakA dAhakarma laukika agni se avazya honA cAhie aura maunarUpa se jala denA caahie| logAkSi ke mata se cUr3AkaraNa-saMskRta baccoM kI antyeSTi bhI isI prakAra honI caahie| vaikhAnasasmArtasUtra (5 / 11) ne kahA hai ki 5 varSa ke lar3ake tathA 7 varSa kI lar3akI kA dAhakarma nahIM hotaa| upanayana ke uparAnta AhitAgni kI bhAMti dAhakarma hotA hai kintu yajJapAtroM kA dAha evaM mantroccAraNa nahIM hotA / baudhA0 pi0 sU0 (2 / 310-11) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki cUr3AkaraNa ke pUrva mRta baccoM kA zavadAha nahIM hotA, kumArI kanyAoM evaM upanayana-rahita lar3akoM kA pitRmeva nahIM hotaa| usane yaha bhI vyavasthA dI hai ki binA dA~ta ke baccoM ko 'om' ke sAtha tathA dA~ta vAle baccoM ko vyAhRtiyoM ke sAtha gAr3A jAtA hai| mitAkSarA (yAjJa. 312) ne niyamoM ko nimna rUpa se diyA hai'nAmakaraNa ke pUrva kevala gAr3A jAtA hai, jala-tarpaNa nahIM hotA; nAmakaraNa ke uparAnta tIna varSa taka gAr3anA yA jalAnA (jalatarpaNa ke sAtha) vikalpa se hotA hai; tIna varSa se upanayana ke pUrva taka zavadAha evaM tarpaNa mauna rUpa se (binA mantroM ke) hotA hai; yadi tIna varSa ke pUrva cUr3AkaraNa ho gayA ho to marane para yahI niyama lAgU hotA hai| upanayana ke uparAnta mRta kA dAhakarma laukika agni se hotA hai kintu DhaMga vahI hotA hai jo AhitAgni ke lie nirdhArita hai|' yati (saMnyAsI) ko prAcIna kAla meM bhI gAr3A jAtA thaa| Upara Rtu kA mata prakAzita kiyA gayA hai ki brahmacArI evaM yati kA zava uttapana agni se jalAyA jAtA hai| isa viSaya meM zuddhiprakAza (pR0 166) ne vyAkhyA upasthita kI hai ki yahA~ para yati kuTIcaka zreNI kA saMnyAsI hai aura usane yaha bhI batAyA hai ki cAra prakAra ke saMnyAsI logoM (kuTIcaka, bahUdaka, haMsa evaM paramahaMsa) kI antyeSTi kisa prakAra se kI jAtI hai| baudhA pi0 sU0 (3.11) ne saMkSepa meM likhA hai, jise smRtyarthasAra (pR0 98) ne kucha antaroM ke sAtha grahaNa kara liyA hai aura parivrAjaka kI antyeSTi kriyA kA varNana upasthita kiyA hai--kisI ko grAma ke pUrva yA dakSiNa meM jAkara palAza vRkSa ke nIce yA nadI-taTa para yA kisI anya svaccha sthala para vyAhRtiyoM ke sAtha yati ke daNDa ke barAbara gaharA gaDDhA khodanA cAhie; isake uparAnta pratyeka bAra sAta vyAhRtiyoM ke sAtha usa para tIna bAra jala chir3akanA cAhie, gaDDhe meM darbha bichA denA cAhie, mAlA, candana-lepa Adi se zava ko sajA denA cAhie aura mantroM (tai0 saM0 111 / 3 / 1) ke sAtha zava ko gaDDhe meM rakha denA caahie| parivrAjaka ke dAhine hAtha meM daNDa tIna khaNDoM meM karake thamA denA cAhie aura aisA karate samaya (R0 222217; vAja0 saM0 5 / 15 evaM tai0 saM0 1 / 2 / 13 / 1 kA) mantrapATha karanA caahie| zikya ko bAyeM hAtha meM mantroM (tai0 saM0 4 / 2 / 5 / 2) ke sAtha rakhA jAtA hai aura phira krama se pAnI chAnanevAlA vastra mukha paraM (te. brA0 114 / 816 ke mantra ke sAtha), gAyatrI mantra (R0 3162110; bAja0 saM0 3 / 35; tai0 saM0 115 / 6 / 4) ke sAtha pAtra ko peTa para aura jalapAtra ko gaptAMgoM ke pAsa rakhA jAtA hai| isake uparAnta 'catu)tAraH' mantroM kA pATha kiyA jAtA hai| anya kRtya nahIM kiye jAte; na to zavadAha hotA, na azauca manAyA jAtA aura na jala-tarpaNa hI kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki yati saMsAra kI viSayavAsanA se mukta hotA hai| smRtyarthasAra ne itanA jor3a diyA hai ki na to ekoddiSTa zrAddha aura na sapiNDIkaraNa hI kiyA jAtA hai, kevala gyArahaveM dina pArvaNa zrAddha hotA hai| kintu kuTocaka jalAyA jAtA hai, bahUvaka gAr3A jAtA hai, haMsa ko jala meM pravAhita kara diyA jAtA hai aura paramahaMsa ko bhalI bhA~ti gAr3A jAtA hai| aura dekhie nirNaya

Page #143
1136 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa sindhu ( pR0 634 - 635 ) / gAr3ane ke uparAnta gaDDhe ko bhalI bhAMti bAlU se DhaMka diyA jAtA hai, jisase kutte, zRgAla Adi zava ko ( paMjoM se gaDDhA khodakara ) nikAla na DAleM / dharmasindhu ( pR0 497 ) ne likhA hai ki mastaka ko zaMkha yA kulhAr3I se cheda denA cAhie, yadi aisA karane meM asamarthatA pradarzita ho to mastaka para gur3a kI bhelI rakhakara use hI tor3a denA caahie| isane bhI yahI kahA hai ki kuTIcaka ko chor3akara koI yati nahIM jalAyA jaataa| Ajakala sabhI yati gAr3e jAte haiM, kyoMki bahUdaka evaM kuTIcaka Ajakala pAye nahIM jAte, kevala paramahaMsa hI dekhane meM Ate haiN| yatiyoM ko kyoM gAr3A jAtA hai ? sambhavataH uttara yahI ho sakatA hai ki ve gRhasthoM kI bhA~ti zrotAgniyA~ yA smArtAgniyA~ nahIM rakhate aura ve loga bhojana ke lie sAdhAraNa agni bhI nahIM jalAte / gRhastha loga apanI zrauta yA smArta agniyoM ke sAtha jalAye jAte haiM, kintu yati loga binA agni ke hote haiM ataH gAr3e jAte haiN| gAr3ane kI vidhi ke lie dekhie vaikhAnasasmArtasUtra ( 2018 ) / jo striyA~ baccA janate samaya yA janane ke turata uparAnta hI yA mAsika dharma kI avadhi meM mara jAtI haiM, unake zavadAha ke viSaya meM viziSTa niyama haiN| mitAkSarA dvArA uddhRta eka smRti evaM smRticandrikA ( 1, pR0 121 ) ne sUtikA ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki eka pAtra meM jala evaM paMcagavya lekara mantrocAraNa (R0 10/911-9, 'Apo hi SThA') karanA cAhie aura usase sUtikA ko snAna karAkara jalAnA caahie| mAsika dharma vAlI mRta nArI ko bhI isI prakAra jalAnA cAhie kintu use dUsarA vastra pahanAkara jalAnA caahie| dekhie garur3apurANa (2 / 4 / 171 ) evaM nirNayasindhu ( pR0 621) / isI prakAra garbhiNI nArI ke zava ke viSaya meM bhI niyama haiM (baughA0 pi0 sU0 3 / 9; nirNayasindhu pR0 622 ) jinheM hama yahA~ nahIM de rahe haiN| 39 vibhinna kAloM evaM vibhinna dezoM meM zava-kriyA ( antyeSTi-kriyA) vibhinna DhaMgoM se kI jAtI rahI hai| antyeSTikriyA ke vibhinna prakAra ye haiM--jalAnA ( zava - dAha), bhUmi meM gAr3anA, jala meM bahA denA, zava ko khulA chor3a denA, jisase cIla, giddha, kaue yA pazu Adi use khA DAleM (yathA pArasiyoM meM), " guphAoM meM surakSita rakha chor3anA yA mamIrUpa meM ( yathA misra meM ) surakSita rakha chor3anA / " jahA~ taka hameM sAhityika pramANa milatA hai, bhArata meM sAmAnya niyama zava ko jalA denA hI thA, kintu apavAda mI the, yathA - zizuoM, saMnyAsiyoM Adi ke viSaya meN| prAcIna bhAratIyoM ne zavadAha kI vaijJAnika kintu kaThora hRdaya vAlI vidhi kisa prakAra nikAlI, yaha batalAnA kaThina hai| prAcIna bhArata meM zava ko gAr3a dene kI bAta ajJAta nahIM thI ( atharvaveda 5 / 30 / 14 mA nu bhUmigRho bhuvat' evaM 18 |2| 34 ) / antima mantra kA rUpa yoM hai -- "he agni, una sabhI pitaroM ko yahA~ le Ao, jisase ki ve havi grahaNa kareM, unheM bhI bulAo jinake zarIra gAr3e gaye the yA khule rUpa meM chor3a diye gaye the yA Upara ( per3oM para yA guhAoM meM ? ) rakha diye gaye 39. pArasiyoM ke zAstroM ke anusAra zava ko gAr3a denA mahAn aparAdha mAnA jAtA hai. yadi zava kabra se bAhara nahIM nikAlA gayA to majda ke kAnUna ke prAdhyApaka (zikSaka) ke viSaya meM koI prAyazcitta nahIM hai, yA usake lie bhI koI prAyazcitta nahIM hai jisane majda ke kAnUna ko par3hA hai, aura jaba ve chaH mAsa yA eka varSa ke bhItara zava ko kaba se bAhara nahIM nikAlate to unheM krama se 500 yA 1000 kor3e khAne par3ate haiN| dekhie veMDiDADa, phargArDa 3 (saMkeDa buka Apha di IsTa, jilda 4, pR0 31-32 ) / parvatoM ke zikharoM para zava rakha diye jAte haiM aura unheM pakSIgaNa evaM kutte khA DAlate haiN| zava ko khulA chor3a denA majda rIti ko atyanta vicitra bAta hai 1 40. piyAjjA barberinI ke pAsa roma ke kapUcina carca ke bhUgarbha kabragAhoM kI dIvAroM meM 4000 pAdariyoM kI haDDiyAM surakSita haiN| dekhie pakUla kI pustaka 'phyUnarala kasTamsa ( pR0 136 ) /

Page #144
antyeSTi kI vibhinna prathAe~ 1137 - the| kintu sambhava hai ki zava ke gAr3ane kI ora saMketa na bhI ho ; kucha pUrvaja bahuta dUra lar3AI meM mAre gaye hoM, yA zatruoM dvArA pakar3a liye gaye hoM, mAra DAle gaye hoM, aura unake zava yoM hI chor3a diye gaye hoM, arthAt na to unheM jalAyA gayA, na gAr3a diyA gayA / chAndogyopaniSad ( 81815) meM Aye hue eka kathana se kucha vidvAn gAr3ane kI bAta nikAlate haiM'ataH ve aba bhI una manuSyoM ko asura nAma dete haiM jo dAna nahIM dete, jo vizvAsa nahIM rakhate ( dharma nahIM mAnate ) aura na yajJa hI karate haiM; kyoMki yaha asuroM kA gUr3ha siddhAnta hai| ve mRta ke zarIra ko mikSA (dhUpa-gaMgha yA puSpa ? ) evaM vastra se saMvArate haiM aura socate haiM ki ve isa prakAra dUsare loka ko jIta leNge|' yadyapi yaha vacana spaSTa nahIM hai kintu asuroM, unake zava zRMgAra aura paraloka-prApti kI ora jo saMketa hai usase yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki asuroM meM zava ko gAr3ane kI prathA saMbhavataH thI / Rgveda ( 7 / 89 / 1) meM RSi ne prArthanA kI hai ki 'he varuNa, maiM miTTI ke ghara meM na jAU~ / ' saMbhavataH yaha gAr3ane kI prathA kI ora saMketa hai| isake atirikta asthiyoM ko ikaTThA karake pAtra meM rakhakara bhUmi meM gAr3ane aura bahuta dinoM ke uparAnta usa para zmazAna banA dene Adi kI prathA bhI pracalita thI, jaisA ki hama zatapathabrAhmaNa Adi kI uktiyoM se abhI jAneMge / atharvaveda ( 18/2/25 ) meM aisA AyA hai-- unheM vRkSa kaSTa na de aura na pRthivI mAtA hI ( aisA kare ) / ' isase zavAcAra ( tAbUta) evaM zava ko gAr3ane kI ora saMbhavataH saMketa milatA hai| yaha kucha vicitra-sA hai ki pazcima ke pragatizIla rASTra bAibila ke kathana kI zAbdika vyAkhyA meM vizvAsa karate hue ki 'mRta kA mautika zarIrotthAna hotA hai,' kevala zava ko gAr3ane kI hI prathA se cipake rahe aura unnIsavIM zatAbdI ke anta taka IsAI loga zavadAha ke lie kabhI tatpara nahIM hue| san 1906 meM kremezana ekTa (iMglaiMDa meM) pArita huA jisake anusAra svAsthyamaMtrI - samarthita samatala bhUmi para zavadAha karane kI anumati antyeSTi-kriyA ke adhyakSa ko prApta hone lgii| kaitholika carca vAle aba bhI zavadAha nahIM krte| AdikAlIna roma ke loga zavadAha ko sammAnya samajhate the aura zava gAr3ane kI rIti kevala una logoM ke lie baratI jAtI thI jo AtmahantA yA hatyAre hote the / kucha samaya taka zava ko vikRta hone se bacAne ke lie tela Adi meM rakha chor3anA bhArata meM ajJAta nahIM thA / zatapatha brAhmaNa (29 / 4 / 29) evaM vaikhAnasazrautasUtra ( 31 / 32 ) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki yadi AhitAgni apane logoM se sudUra mRtyu ko prApta ho jAya to usake zava ko tila tela se pUrNa droNa (nAda) meM rakhakara gAr3I dvArA ghara lAnA cAhie / rAmAyaNa meM yaha kaI bAra kahA gayA hai ki marata ke Ane ke bahuta dina pUrva se hI rAjA dazaratha kA zava telapUrNa lambe droNa yA nAMda meM rakha diyA gayA thA ( ayodhyAkANDa, 66 / 14-16, 76 / 4) / viSNupurANa meM AyA hai ki nimi kA zava tela tathA anya sugaMdhita padArthoM se isa prakAra surakSita rakhA huA thA ki vaha sar3A nahIM aura lagatA thA ki mRtyu mAno abhI huI ho| Rgveda ke praNayana ke pUrva kI sthiti ke viSaya meM nizcayapUrvaka kucha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| Rgveda tathA sinbu ghATI ke moheMjodar3o evaM harappA avazeSoM ke kAla ke nirNaya ke viSaya meM abhI koI sAmAnya nizcaya nahIM ho sakA hai| sara jAna mArzala (moheMjodar3o, jilda 1, pR0 86) ne pUrNa rUpa se gAr3ane, AMzika rUpa meM gAr3ane evaM zavadAha ke uparAnta gAr3ane ke rItiyoM kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| lauriyA nandanagar3ha kI khudAI se kucha aisI zmazAna bhUmiyoM kA patA calA hai jo vaidika kAla kI kahI jAtI haiM aura unameM eka choTI svarNima vastu pAyI gayI hai jo naMgI strI, saMmbhavataH 41. ye nikhAtA ye paroptA ye dagdhA ye coditAH / sarvAstAnagna A vaha pitRn haviSe attave // atharvaveda (18/2014) /

Page #145
1138 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa pRthivI mAtA kI hai| ye saba bAteM purAtattva-vettAoM se saMbaMdha rakhatI haiM, ataH hama ina para yahAM vicAra nahIM kreNge| hAralatA (pR0 126) ne AdipurANa kA eka vacana uddhata karate hue likhA hai ki maga loga gAr3e jAte the aura darada loga evaM luptraka loga apane saMbaMdhiyoM ke zavoM ko per3a para laTakAkara cala dete the| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki AraMbhika bauddhoM meM antyeSTi-kriyA kI koI alaga vidhi pracalita nahIM thI, cAhe maranevAlA bhikSu ho yA upAsaka / mahAparinibbAna sutta meM bauddhadharma ke mahAn prasthApaka kI antyeSTi kriyAoM kA varNana pAyA jAtA hai (4 / 14) / isa graMtha se isa viSaya meM jo kucha ekatra kiyA jA sakatA hai vaha yaha hai-'buddha ke atyanta priya ziSya Ananda ne koI padya kahA, kucha aise ziSya jo viSayabhoga se rahita nahIM the, ro par3e aura pRthivI para dhar3Ama se gira par3e, aura anya loga (arhat) kisI prakAra duHkha ko sa~bhAla ske| dUsare dina Ananda kuzInArA ke malloM ke pAsa gaye, malloM ne dhUpa, mAlAe~, vAdyayaMtra tathA pA~ca sau prakAra ke vastra Adi ekatra kiye; malloM ne zAla vRkSoM kI kuMja meM par3e baddha ke zava kI prArthanA sAta dinoM taka kI aura nAca, stutiyoM, gAyana, mAlAoM evaM gaMdhoM se pUjA-arcanAe~ kI aura ve vastroM se zava ko DhaMkate rhe| sAtaveM dina ve bhagavAn ke zava ko dakSiNa kI ora le cale, kintu eka cama.tkAra (6 / 29-32 meM varNita) ke kAraNa ve uttarI dvAra se nagara ke bIca se hokara zava ko lekara cale aura pUrva dizA meM use rakha diyA (sAmAnya niyama yaha thA ki zava ko gAMva ke madhya se lekara nahIM jAyA jAtA aura use dakSiNa kI ora le jAyA jAtA thA, kintu buddha itane asAdhAraNa evaM pavitra the ki uparyukta prathAviruddha DhaMga unake lie mAnya ho gyaa)| baddha kA zava naye vastroM se DhaMkA gayA aura Upara se rUI aura Una ke coge bA~dhe gaye aura phira unake Upara eka nayA vastra bAMdhA gayA, isa prakAra vastroM evaM sUtroM ke pA~ca saustaroM se zarIra DhaMka diyA gyaa| isake uparAnta eka aise lohe ke tailapAtra meM rakhA gayA jo svayaM eka tailayukta pAtra meM rakhA huA thaa| isake pazcAt sabhI prakAra kI gaMdhoM se yukta citA banAyI gayI aura usa para zava rakha diyA gyaa| taba mahAkassapa evaM pA~ca sau anya bauddhoM ne jo sAtha meM Aye the, apane paridhAnoM ko kaMdhoM para sajAyA (usI prakAra jisa prakAra brAhmaNa loga apane yajJopavIta ko dhAraNa karate haiM), unhoMne baddhabAhu hokara sira jhukAyA aura zraddhApUrvaka zava kI tIna bAra pradakSiNA kii| isake uparAnta zava kA dAha kiyA gayA, kevala asthiyA~ baca gyiiN| isake uparAnta magadharAja ajAtazatru, vaizAlI ke licchaviyoM Adi ne buddha ke avazeSoM para apanA-apanA adhikAra jatAnA Arambha kara diyA / buddha ke avazeSa ATha bhAgoM meM bA~Te gye| jinheM ye bhAga prApta hue unhoMne una para stUpa (dhUpa) banavAye, moriya logoM ne jinheM kevala rAkha mAtra prApta huI thI, usa para stUpa banavAyA aura eka brAhmaNa droNa (dona) ne usa ghar3e para, jisameM asthiyA~ ekatra kara rakhI gayI thIM, eka stUpa bnvaayaa| zrI rAisa DeviDsa ne kahA hai ki yadyapi aitihAsika graMthoM evaM janma-gAthAoM meM antyeSTiyoM kA varNana milatA hai kintu kahIM bhI pracalita dhArmika kriyA Adi kI ora saMketa nahIM miltaa| aisA kahA jA sakatA hai ki bauddha antyeSTi-kriyA, yadyapi sarala hai, tathApi vaha AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra ke kucha niyamoM se bahuta kucha milatI hai| 42. dekhie je0 Ara0 e0 esa0 (1906, pR0 655-671 evaM 881-913) meM prakAzita phlITa ke lekha, jo mahAparinibbAna-sutta, divyAvadAna, phAhiyAna ke graMtha, sumaMgalavilAsinI evaM anya graMthoM ke AdhAra para likhe gaye aise lekha haiM, jo buddha kI asthiyoM evaM bhasma ke baMTavAre athavA una para bane stUpoM para prakAza DAlate haiN| phlITa kA kahanA hai ki piprahavA avazeSa-kuMbha meM, jisa para eka abhilekha hai, jo aba taka pAye gaye abhilekhoM meM sabase purAnA hai (lagabhaga IsApUrva san 375) aura jisameM sAta sau vastue~ pAyo gayo haiM, bhagavAna buddha ke avazeSa cihna nahIM haiM, pratyuta unake sambandhiyoM ke haiN| phlITa ne eka paramparA kI ora saMketa kiyA hai jo yaha batalAtI hai ki samrATa azoka ne buddha ke avazeSa-cihnoM para bane 8 stUpoM meM 7 ko khodakara unameM pAye gaye avazeSoM ko 84000 sone aura cAMdI ke pAtroM

Page #146
zoka-nivAraNa 1139 jaba mRta ke saMbaMdhIgaNa ( putra Adi) jalatarpaNa evaM snAna karake jala ( nadI, jalAzaya Adi) se bAhara nikala kara harI ghAsa ke kisI sthala para baiTha gaye hoM, to gurujanoM (vRddha Adi) ko unake duHkha kama karane ke lie prAcIna gAthAe~ kahanI cAhie (yAjJa0 3 / 7 evaM gau0 pi0 sU0 1 / 4 / 2 ) / 3 viSNudharmasUtra ( 20/22-53 ) meM isakA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai 'ki kisa prakAra kAla (samaya, mRtyu) sabhI ko, yahA~ taka ki indra, devoM, daityoM, mahAn rAjAoM evaM RSiyoM ko ghara dabocatA hai, ki pratyeka vyakti janma lekara eka dina maraNa ko prApta hotA hI hai ( mRtyu avazyaMbhAvI hai), ki ( patnI ko chor3akara) koI bhI mRta vyakti ke sAtha yamaloka ko nahIM jAtA hai, ki kisa prakAra sadasat karma mRtAtmA ke sAtha jAte haiM, ki kisa prakAra zrAddha mRtAtmA ke lie kalyANakara hai|' isane niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki isI lie saMbaMdhiyoM ko zrAddha karanA cAhie aura rudana chor3a denA cAhie, kyoMki usase koI lAbha nahIM aura kevala dharma hI aisA hai jo mRtAtmA ke sAtha jAtA hai| " aisI hI bAteM yAjJa0 ( 3 / 8-11 = garur3apurANa 2 / 4181-84 ) meM bhI pAyI jAtI haiM; 'jo vyakti mAnavajIvana meM, jo kele ke paudhe ke samAna sArahIna hai, aura jo pAnI ke bulabule ke samAna asthira hai, amaratA khojatA hai, vaha bhrama meM par3A huA hai| rudana se kyA lAbha hai jaba ki zarIra pUrva janma ke karmoM ke kAraNa paMcatattvoM se nirmita ho punaH unhIM tattvoM meM samA jAtA / pRthivI, sAgara aura devatA nAza ko prApta honevAle haiM ( bhaviSya meM jaba ki pralaya hotA hai) / yaha kaise saMbhava hai ki vaha mRtyuloka, jo phena ke samAna kSaNabhaMgura hai, nAza ko prApta nahIM hogA ? mRtAtmA ko asahAya hokara apane saMbaMdhiyoM ke A~sU evaM nAsikAraMdhroM se nikale drava padArtha ko pInA par3atA hai, ataH una saMbaMdhiyoM ko ronA nahIM cAhie balki apanI sAmarthya ke anusAra zrAddhakarma Adi karanA caahie|' gobhilasmRti ( 3 / 39 ) ne balapUrvaka kahA hai ki 'jo nAzavAn hai aura jo sabhI prANiyoM kI vizeSatA ( niyati ) hai usake lie ronA- kalapanA kyA ? kevala zubha karmoM ke saMpAdana meM, jo tumhAre sAtha jAnevAle haiM, lage raho / ' gobhila ne yAjJa0 (3 / 8-10) evaM mahAbhArata ko uddhRta kiyA hai--'sabhI saMgraha kSaya ko prApta hote haiM, sabhI udaya patana ko, sabhI saMyoga viyoga ko aura jIvana maraNa ko| *5 aparArka ne rAmAyaNa evaM mahAbhArata se udAharaNa diye haiM, yathA duryodhana kI mRtyu meM parivartita kara diyA aura unheM saMpUrNa bhArata meM vitarita kara diyaa| isa prakAra 84000 stUpoM kA nirmANa una para kiyA gyaa| rAisa DeviDsa ne apane graMtha 'buddhisTa iMDiyA' ( pR0 78-80) meM yaha kahate hue ki jana yA dhana se viziSTa mRta logoM yA rAjakarmacAriyoM yA zikSakoM ke zava jalAye jAte aura avaziSTa bhasmAMza stUpoM (pAli meM yUpa yA Topa) ke andara gAr3a diye jAte the, nirdeza kiyA hai ki sAdhAraNa logoM ke zava ajIva DhaMga se rakhe jAte the / ve khule sthala meM rakha diye jAte the, niyamAnukUla ve zava yA citAvazeSa gAr3e nahIM jAte the, pratyuta pakSiyoM yA pazuoM dvArA naSTa kiye jAne ke lie chor3a diye jAte the athavA ve svayaM prAkRtika rUpa se naSTa ho jAyA karate the| 43. zokamutsRjya kalyANIbhirvAgbhiH sAttvikAbhiH kathAbhiH purANaH sukRtibhiH zrutvAdhomukhA vrajanti / gautamapitRmedhasUtra (1 / 4 / 2 ) / 44. yaha avalokanIya hai ki viSNudharmasUtra ke kucha padya ( 20129, 48-49 evaM 51-53 ) bhagavadgItA ke padyoM (2 / 22-28, 13 / 23-25 ) ke samAna hI haiN| viSNu0 ( 20147 yathA dhenusahasreSu Adi ) zAntiparva (181 / 16, 187 / 27 evaM 323 / 16 ) evaM viSNudharmottara (2 / 78 / 27 ) ke samAna hI hai| isI prakAra dekhie viSNu0 ( 20141 ) evaM zAnti 0 ( 175 / 15 evaM 322 / 73 ) / dekhie kalpataru ( zuddhiprakAza, pR0 91 97), yAjJa0 (31711), viSNu 0 ( 20 / 22-53 ) evaM bhagavadgItA ( 2 / 13, 18 ) / 45. sarve kSayAntA nicayAH patanAntAH samucchrayAH / . saMyogA viprayogAntA maraNAntaM ca jIvitam // aura dekhie zAntiparva ( 331 / 20 ) / 71

Page #147
1140 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa para vAsudeva dvArA dhRtarASTra ke prati kahe gaye vacana / parA0 mA0 ( 12, pR0 292 - 293), zuddhiprakAza (10 205206) evaM anya graMthoM ne viSNu0, yAjJa0 evaM gobhila0 ke vacana uddhRta kiye haiM / garur3apurANa (2 / 4 / 91-100) ne pati kI mRtyu para patnI ke ( pati - citA para ) balidAna arthAt evaM pativratA kI camatkArika zakti ke viSaya meM bahuta kucha likhA hai aura kahA hai ki brAhmaNa strI ko apane pati se pRthaka nahIM calanA cAhie ( arthAt sAtha hI jala jAnA cAhie), kintu kSatriya evaM anya nAriyA~ aisA nahIM bhI kara sakatIM / usameM yaha bhI likhA hai ki satI-prathA sabhI nAriyoM, yahA~ taka ki cANDAla nAriyoM ke lie bhI, samAna hI hai, kevala garmatI nAriyoM ko yA unheM jinake bacce abhI choTe hoM, aisA nahIM karanA caahie| usameM yaha bhI likhA hai ki jaba taka patnI satI nahIM ho jAtI taba taka vaha punarjanma se chuTakArA nahIM prApta kara sakatI / gurujanoM kA dArzanika upadeza sunane ke uparAnta sambandhIgaNa apane ghara lauTate haiM, baccoM ko Age karake ghara ke dvAra para khar3e hokara aura mana ko niyantrita kara nIma kI pattiyA~ dA~toM se cabAte haiM, Acamana karate haiM, agni, jala, gobara evaM zveta sarasoM chUte haiM; isake uparAnta kisI patthara para dhIre se kintu dRDhatA se pA~va rakhakara ghara meM praveza karate haiN| zaMkha ke anusAra saMbaMdhiyoM dvArA ko dUrvApravAla ( dUba kI zAkhA ), agni, baila ko chUnA cAhie, mRta ko ghara ke dvAra para piNDa denA cAhie aura taba ghara meM praveza karanA caahie|" baijavApa ( zuddhitattva, pR0 319, nirNayasindhu 3, pR0 580) ne zamI, azmA (patthara), agni ko sparza karate samaya mantroM ke uccAraNa kI vyavasthA dI hai aura kahA hai ki apane evaM pazuoM (gAya evaM bakarI) ke bIca meM agni rakhakara unheM chUnA cAhie, eka hI prakAra kA bhojana kharIdanA yA dUsare ke ghara se lenA cAhie, usameM namaka nahIM honA cAhie, use kevala eka dina aura vaha bhI kevala eka bAra khAnA cAhie tathA sAre karma tIna dinoM taka sthagita rakhane caahie| yAjJa0 (3 / 14 ) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki usake bata lAye hue karma (3 / 12), yathA--nIma kI pattiyoM ko kutarane se lekara gRha praveza taka ke kArya una logoM dvArA bhI sampAdita hone cAhie jo sambandhI nahIM haiM kintu zava ko Dhone, use sa~vArane, jalAne Adi meM sammilita the / zAMkhAyanazrauta0 (4 / 15 / 10), AzvalAyanagRhya0 ( 4/4/17-27), baudhAyanapitRmeghasUtra ( 1 / 12 - 10), kauzikasUtra (82 / 33-35 evaM 42-47), pAraskaragRhya 0 ( 3310), Apastambadharma 0 ( 1 | 3|10|4- 10 ), gautamadharma 0 ( 14 / 15-36), manu ( 5/73), vasiSTha0 (4114-15), yAjJa0 ( 3 / 16-17), viSNu0 ( 19 / 1417), saMvarta (39-43), zaMkha (15-25), garur3apurANa ( pretakhaNDa, 5 / 1-5) evaM anya graMthoM ne una logoM (puruSoM evaM striyoM) ke lie katipaya niyama diye haiM jinake sapiNDa mara jAte haiM aura likhA hai ki zmazAna se lauTane ke uparAnta tIna dinoM taka kyA karanA caahie| zAMkhA 0 zrau0 ne vyavasthA dI hai ki unheM khAlI ( vistarahIna ) bhUmi para sonA cAhie, kevala yAjJika bhojana karanA cAhie, vaidika agniyoM se sambandhita karmoM ko karate rahanA cAhie, kintu anya dhArmika kRtya nahIM karane cAhie, aura aisA eka rAta ke lie yA nau rAtoM ke lie yA asthi-saMcaya karane taka karanA caahie| Azva0 gRhya0 (4|4|17-24) ne nimna bAteM dI haiM--usa rAta unheM bhojana nahIM banAnA cAhie, kharIda kara yA anya ke ghara se prApta bhojana karanA cAhie, tIna rAtoM taka nirmita yA khAna se prApta namaka kA prayoga nahIM karanA cAhie, yadi mukhya guruoM (pitA, mAtA yA vaha jisane upanayana saMskAra karAyA ho yA jisane veda par3hAyA ho) meM kisI kI mRtyu ho gayI ho to vikalpa se 12 rAtoM taka dAna denA tathA vedAdhyayana sthagita kara denA caahie| pAra0 gR0 (3 / 10) kA 46. dUryApravAlamagniM vRSabhaM cAlasya gRhadvAre pretAya piNDaM dattvA pazcAtpravizeyuH / zaMkha (mitA0, yAza0 3 / 13, parA0 mA0 12, pR0 293 ) /

Page #148
azauca meM kartavya-akartavya karma; asthisaMcayana 1141 kathana hai ki brahmacarya-yata pAlana karanA cAhie, dina meM kevala eka bAra khAnA caahie| usa dina vedapATha sthagita rakhanA cAhie tathA vedAgniyoM ke kRtyoM ko chor3akara anya dhArmika kRtya bhI sthagita kara dene caahie| vasiSTha0 (4 / 14-15) kA kathana hai ki saMbaMdhiyoM ko caTAI para tIna dina baiThakara upavAsa karanA caahie| yadi upavAsa na kiyA jA sake to bAjAra se ma~gAkara yA binA mA~ge prApta bhojanasAmagrI kA AhAra karanA caahie| yaajny0(3|17) evaM pAra0 (3110) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki usa rAta unheM eka miTTI ke pAtra meM dUdha evaM jala DAlakara use khule sthAna meM zikya (sikahara) para rakhakara yaha kahanA cAhie-he mRtAtmA, yahA~ (jala meM) snAna karo aura isa dUdha ko piio|' yAjJa0 (3 / 17), paiThInasi, manu (5 / 84), pAra0 gRhya0 (3 / 10) Adi kA kathana hai ki mRtAtmA ke saMbaMdhiyoM ko zrauta agniyoM se saMbaMdhita AhnikakRtya (agnihotra, darza-pUrNamAsa Adi) tathA smArta agniyoM vAle kRtya (yathA, prAtaH evaM sAyaM ke homa Adi) karate rahanA cAhie, kyoMki veda ke aise hI Adeza haiM (yathA, vyakti ko AmaraNa agnihotra karate jAnA caahie)| TIkAkAroM ne kaI eka sImAe~ evaM niyantraNa ghoSita kiye haiN| mitAkSarA (yaajny03|17) kA kathana hai ki manu (5 / 84) ne kevala zrauta evaM smArta agniyoM ke kRtyoM kA apavAda, kiyA hai, ataH paMca mahAyajJa-jaise dhArmika karma nahIM karane caahie| vaizvadeva, jisakA sampAdana agni meM hotA hai, chor3a diyA jAtA hai, kyoMki saMvarta ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki (sapiNDa kI mRtyu para) brAhmaNa ko 10 dinoM taka vaizvadeva-rahita rahanA caahie| zrauta evaM smArta kRtya dUsaroM dvArA karA dene cAhie, jaisA ki pAra0 (3 / 10 'anya etAni kuryuH') ne spaSTa rUpa se AjJApita kiyA hai| kevala nitya evaM naimittaka kRtyoM ko, jo zrauta evaM smArta agniyoM meM kiye jAte haiM, karane kI AjJA dI gayI hai, ataH kAmya karma nahIM kiye jA skte| Ajakala bhI agnihotrI loga svaya zrauta nitya homa azauca ke dinoM meM karate haiM, yadyapi kucha loga aisA anya logoM se karAte haiM (yAjJa0 3 / 17 evaM manu 5 / 84) / yadyapi gomilasmRti (360) ne sandhyA kA niSedha kiyA hai, kintu paiThInasi kA havAlA dekara mitAkSarA ne kahA hai ki sUrya ko jala diyA jA sakatA hai| kucha anya logoM kA kathana hai ki sandhyA ke mantroM ko mana meM kahA jA sakatA hai, kevala prANAyAma ke mantra nahIM kahe jAte (smRtimuktAphala pR0 478) / Ajakala bhArata ke bahuta-se bhAgoM meM aisA hI kiyA jAtA hai| viSNu0 (22 / 6) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki janma evaM maraNa ke azauca meM homa (vaizvadeva), dAna denA evaM grahaNa karanA tathA vedAdhyayana ruka jAtA hai| vaikhAnasasmArta0 (6 / 4) ke mata se sandhyA-pUjA, devoM evaM pitaroM ke kRtya, dAna denA evaM lenA tathA vedAdhyayana azauca kI avadhi meM chor3a denA caahie| gautama (14144) kA kathana hai ki vedAdhyayana ke lie janma-maraNa ke samaya brAhmaNa para azauca kA prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| dUsarI ora saMvarta (43) kA kathana hai ki janma-maraNa ke azauca meM paMca mahAyajJa evaM vedAdhyayana nahIM karanA caahie| nityAcArapaddhati (pR0 544) kA kathana hai ki azauca meM bhI viSNu ke sahasra nAmoM kA pATha kiyA jA sakatA hai| asthisaJcayana yA saJcayana vaha kRtya hai jisameM zava-dAha ke uparAnta jalI huI asthiyAM ekatra kI jAtI haiN| yaha kRtya bahuta-se sUtroM evaM smRtiyoM meM varNita hai, yathA-zAMkhA0 zrI0 (4 / 15 / 12-18), satyASADhazrI0 (2813), Azva0 gRhya0 (4 / 5 / 1-18), gau0 pi0 sU0 (15), viSNu0 (19 / 10-12), baughA0 pi0 sU0 (5 / 7), yama (8788), saMvarta (38), gobhila0 (3 / 54-59), hAralatA (pR0 183) / yaha kRtya kisa dina kiyA jAya, isa viSaya meM mataikya nahIM hai| udAharaNArtha, satyA0 zrI0 (28 / 3 / 1) ke mata se asthi-saMcayana zavadAha ke eka dina uparAnta yA tIsare, pAMcaveM yA sAtaveM dina honA cAhie; saMvarta (38) evaM garuDapurANa (pretakhaNDa 5 / 15) ke mata se pahale, tIsare sAtaveM yA naveM dina aura vizeSataH dvijoM ke lie cauthe dina asthisaMcayana honA caahie| vAmanapurANa (14197-98) ne pahale, cauthe yA sAtaveM dina kI anumati dI hai| yama (87) ne sambandhiyoM ko zavadAha ke uparAnta prathama dina se lekara cauthe

Page #149
1142 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa dina taka asthiyAM ekatra kara lene ko kahA hai aura punaH (88) kahA hai ki cAroM vargoM meM saMcayana krama se cauthe, pA~caveM, sAtaveM evaM naveM dina honA caahie| Azva0 gR0 (4 / 5 / 1) ke mata se zavadAha ke uparAnta dasaveM dina (kRSNa pakSa meM) saMcayana honA cAhie, kintu viSama tithiyoM (prathamA, tRtIyA, ekAdazI, trayodazI evaM amAvasyA ke dina) meM tathA usa nakSatra meM, jisakA nAma do yA do se adhika nakSatroM ke sAtha prayukta nahIM hotA hai (arthAt do ASAr3hAoM, do phAlguniyoM evaM do bhAdrapadAoM ko chor3akara) / viSNu0 (19 / 10), vaikhA0 smArta0 (5 / 7), kUrmapurANa (uttara, 23), kozikasUtra (82 / 29), viSNupurANa (3 / 13 / 14) Adi ne kahA hai ki saMcayana dAha ke cauthe dina avazya honA caahie| vistAra ke viSaya meM bhI mataikya nahIM hai| Azva0 gRhya 0 (45) meM nimna bAteM pAyI jAtI haiM; puruSa kI asthiyA~ acihnita pAtra (aise pAtra jisameM kahIM gaMDa yA zotha Adi na ubharA ho) meM ekatra karanI cAhie aura strI kI asthiyA~ gaNDayukta pAtra meM / viSama saMkhyA meM bUr3hoM dvArA (isameM striyA~ nahIM rahatI) asthiyA~ ekatra kI jAtI haiN| kartA citAsthala kI parikramA apane vAmAMga ko usa ora karake tIna bAra karatA hai aura usa para jalayukta dUdha zamI kI TahanI se chir3akatA hai aura R0 (10 / 16 / 14) ke 'zItike' kA pATha karatA hai| aMgUThe aura anAmikA a~gulI se asthiyA~ uThAkara ekaeka saMkhyA meM pAtra meM binA svara utpanna kiye rakhI jAtI haiM, sarvaprathama pA~va kI asthiyA~ uThAyI jAtI haiM aura anta meM sira kii| asthiyoM ko bhalI bhA~ti ekatra karake aura unheM pachor3anevAle pAtra se svaccha karake evaM pAtra meM ekatra karake aise sthAna meM rakhA jAtA hai jahA~ cAroM ora pAnI Akara ekatra nahIM hotA aura 'upasarpa' (R0 10 / 18 / 10) kA pATha kiyA jAtA hai, isake uparAnta citA ke gaDDhe meM miTTI bhara dI jAtI hai aura R0 (10 / 18 / 11) kA mantroccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai, phira R0 (10 / 18 / 12) kA pATha kiyA jAtA hai| asthi-pAtra ko Dhakkana se banda karate samaya (R0 10 / 18 / 13) kA pATha (uta te stamnima) kiyA jAtA hai| isake uparAnta binA pIche ghame ghara lauTa AyA jAtA hai, snAna kiyA jAtA hai aura kartA dvArA akele mRta ke lie zrAddha kiyA jAtA hai| kauzikasUtra (82 / 29-32) ne asthisaMcayana kI vidhi kucha dUsare hI prakAra se dI hai| - anya sUtroM ne katipaya bhinna bAteM dI haiM, jinheM hama yahA~ nahIM de rahe haiN| do-eka bAteM ye haiM-satyASADhazrI0 kA kathana hai ki TahanI udumbara per3a kI honI cAhie, asthiyA~ mata ke ghara kI striyA~ (patnI Adi) viSama saMkhyA (5 yA adhika) meM ekatra karatI haiM, unake abhAva meM anya gharoM kI striyA~ aisA karatI haiN| vaha strI, jise aba baccA na utpanna honevAlA ho, apane bAyeM hAtha meM gIle evaM lAla raMga ke do dhAgoM se bRhatI phala bA~dhatI hai, vaha bAyeM paira ko patthara para rakhatI hai aura sarvaprathama dA~toM yA sira kI asthiyA~ 'uttiSThata' (tai0 A0 6 / 4 / 2) uccAraNa ke sAtha ekatra karatI hai aura use kisI pAtra yA vastra meM rakhatI hai, dUsarI strI (usI prakAra kI) kaMdhoM yA bAhaoM kI asthiyA~ cunatI hai, tIsarI pAzvoM kI yA kaTi kI asthiyA~, cauthI jA~ghoM yA pairoM kI tathA pA~cavIM pAMvoM kI asthiyA~ cunatI hai| ve yA anya striyA~ sabhI asthiyA~ cuna letI haiN| asthi-pAtra zamI yA palAza vRkSa kI jar3a meM rakhA jAtA hai| Ajakala, vizeSataH kasaboM evaM grAmoM meM zavadAha ke turata uparAnta hI asthiyA~ saMcita kara lI jAtI haiN| antyeSTipaddhati uparyukta Azva0 gRhya kI vidhi kA anusaraNa karatI hai| isakA kathana hai-kartA citAsthala ko jAtA hai, Acamana karatA hai, kAla evaM sthAna kA nAma letA hai aura mRta kA nAma aura gotra bolakara saMkalpa karatA hai ki vaha asthisaMcayana kregaa| apane vAmAMga ko citAsthala kI ora karake usakI tIna bAra parikramA karatA hai, use zamI kI TahanI se buhAratA hai aura usa para 'zItike' (R0 10 / 16 / 14) ke sAtha dUdhamizrita jala chir3akatA hai| isake uparAnta kartA ke sAtha viSama saMkhyA meM bar3he loga asthisaMcayana karate haiM aura asthiyoM ko eka naye pAtra meM rakhate haiM, kintu yadi asthiyA~ kisI mRta strI kI haiM to unheM aise pAtra meM rakhA jAtA hai jisameM gaMDa yA zotha ke cihna par3e rahate haiN| asthiyoM ko zUrpa (sUpa) se havA karake svaccha kara diyA jAtA hai aura choTI-choTI asthiyA~ bhI cunakara pAtra meM rakha dI

Page #150
bhasma yA asthiyoM kA nidhAna athavA jala-pravAha 1143 jAtI haiM tathA bhasma gaMgA meM bahA dI jAtI hai| isake uparAnta varSARtu ke atirikta kisI anya kAla meM eka aise pavitra sthAna para jahA~ jala ekatra nahIM hotA, eka gaDDhA khodA jAtA hai aura kartA usameM R0 (10 / 18 / 12) ke maMtra ke sAtha pAtra ko gAr3a detA hai / kartA R0 (10 / 18 11 ) ke sAtha gaDDhe meM pAtra ke cAroM ora miTTI pheMkatA hai aura hAtha jor3akara R0 (10 / 18 / 12) kA pATha karatA hai tathA pAtra ke mukha para eka miTTI kA nayA Dhakkana R0 ( 10/18 / 13) maMtroccAraNa ke sAtha rakha detA hai| isake uparAnta pAtra ko isa prakAra bhalI bhA~ti Dha~ka detA hai ki koI dekha nasake aura binA pIche ghUme kahIM anyatra calA jAtA hai aura snAna karatA hai / nirNayasindhu ( pR0 586 ) ne spaSTa kahA hai ki asthisaMcayana kI vidhi apane sUtra athavA bhaTTa ( kamalAkara ke pitAmaha nArAyaNa bhaTTa) ke graMtha se prApta karanI caahie| viSNudharmasUtra (19 / 11-12) evaM anuzAsanaparva ( 26 / 32) kA kathana hai ki saMcita asthiyA~ gaMgA meM bahA denI cAhie, kyoMki jitane dina asthiyAM gaMgA meM raheMgI, utane sahasra varSa mRta vyakti svarga meM rhegaa| purANoM meM aisA AyA hai ki koI sadAcArI putra, bhAI yA dauhitra ( lar3akI kA putra) yA pitA yA mAtA ke kula kA koI sambandhI gaMgA meM asthiyoM ko DAla sakatA hai, jo isa prakAra sambandhita nahIM hai use asthiyoM kA gaMgA-pravAha nahIM karanA cAhie, yadi vaha aisA karatA hai to use cAndrAyaNa prAyazcitta karanA caahie| Ajakala bhI bahuta-se hindU apane mAtA-pitA yA anya sambandhiyoM kI asthiyA~ prayAga meM jAkara gaMgA meM yA kisI pavitra nadI meM DAlate haiM yA samudra meM bahA dete haiN| " nirNayasindhu ne zaunaka kA uddharaNa dekara gaMgA ke asthi visarjana para vistAra se carcA kI hai, jo saMkSepa meM yoM hai-- kartA ko grAma vAhara jAkara snAna karanA cAhie aura gAyatrI tathA una mantroM kA, jo sAmAnyataH paMcagavya meM kahe jAte haiM, uccAraNa karake asthi-sthala para miTTI chir3akanI caahie| Rgveda ke cAra mantroM (10 / 18 / 10-13) ke sAtha use krama se pRthivI prArthanA karanI cAhie, use khodanA cAhie, miTTI nikAlanI cAhie aura asthiyoM ko bAhara karanA caahie| isake uparAnta snAna karake use R0 ( 8/95/7 9 ) ke mantroM ke pATha ( ito nvindra stavAma zuddham Adi) ke sAtha asthiyoM star-bAra chUnA caahie| taba unheM paMcagavya se snAna karAkara zuddha karanA caahie| isake uparAnta use ( pavitra agniyoM kI) bhasma, miTTI, madhu, kuzapUrNa jala, gomUtra, gobara, godugdha, godadhi, goghRta evaM jala se dasa bAra snAna karAnA cAhie / taba use R0 ( 1122/16; 8 / 25 / 7-9; 7 / 56 / 12-14; 10 / 126 / 1-8; 10 / 19 / 1-13; 9 / 1 / 1 / 10; 10 / 128 / 1-9, 1 / 43 / 1 9 ) ke uccAraNa ke sAtha asthiyoM para kuza se jala chir3akanA cAhie; " isake uparAnta use mRta ke lie hiraNya-zrAddha karanA cAhie, use piNDa denA cAhie aura tila se tarpaNa karanA caahie| isake uparAnta use asthiyoM ko nimna sAta prakAra se Dha~kanA cAhie; mRgacarma, kambala, darbha, gAya ke bAloM, sana se bane vastra, bhUrjaM (bhoja) ke patroM evaM tAr3a ke pattoM se / asthiyoM kI zuddhi ke lie use unameM sone, cA~dI ke Tukar3e, motI, 47. smRticandrikA (Azauca, pR0 190 ) ne isa viSaya meM katipaya smRti-vacana uddhRta kiye haiM; tatra zANDilyaH -- dvAravatyAM setubandhe godAvaryAM ca puSkare / asthIni visRjedyasya sa mRto muktimApnuyAt // zaMkhalikhitau-gaMgAyAM ca praya ge ca kedAre puSkarottame / asthIni vidhivat tyaktvA gayAyAM piNDado bhavet // pitrorRNAtpramucyeta to nityaM mokSagAminI // iti / yogayAjJavalkyaH -- gaMgAyAM yamunAyAM vA kAveryAM vA zatadrutau / sarasvatyAM vizeSeNa hyasthIni visRjetsutaH // 48. yaha avalokanIya hai ki R0 (8 / 25 / 7-9) meM 'zuddha' zabda teraha bAra AyA hai ataH yaha ucita hI hai ki zuddhIkaraNa meM ina mantroM kA pATa kiyA jaay| isI prakAra R0 (7156 / 12) meM 'zuci' zabda chaH bAra AyA hai|

Page #151
1144 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa mUMgA, nIlama rakha denA caahie| isake uparAnta use R0 (10 / 15) ke mantroM ('udIratAm'....Adi) ke sAtha agni meM ghRta evaM tila kI 108 AhutiyAM DAlanI caahie| taba use asthiyoM ko pavitra jala meM DAlanA cAhie; aisA karane se vaha azuddha vastu chUne kA aparAdhI nahIM siddha hotaa| malamUtra-tyAga karate samaya yA Acamana karate samaya usake hAthoM meM asthiyA~ nahIM rahanI caahie| nirNayasindhu (pR0 588) ne itanA aura jor3a diyA hai ki jinakA upanayana-saMskAra nahIM huA hai, una logoM kA asthisaMcayana nahIM honA caahie| Azva0 gR0 (416), satyA0 zrI0 (4 / 6, paridhikarma ) Adi ne mRta ke asthisaMcayana ke uparAnta eka zAnti nAmaka kRtya kI vyavasthA dI hai| baudhA pi0 sa0 (2 / 3 / 3) evaM viSNa0 (1919) ne azauca ke dasa dinoM ke pazcAta zAMti ke kRtya kI vyavasthA dI hai (dazarAtre zaucaM kRtvA shaantiH)| Azva0 gu. meM isakA varNana yoM hai-jisake guru (pitA yA mAtA) mara gaye hoM use amAvasyA ke dina zuddhIkaraNa kRtya karanA caahie| sUryodaya ke pUrva hI use agni kI rAkha evaM usake AdhAra ke sAtha R0 (10 / 16 / 9) ke mantra ke aA~za kA pATha karake dakSiNa dizA meM jAnA caahie| caurAhe yA kisI anya sthAna para use (agni ko) pheMkakara, usakI ora zarIra kA vAma bhAga karake aura bAyeM hAtha se bAyIM jA~gha ko Thokate hue usakI tIna bAra parikramA karanI caahie| binA pIche ghUme ghara lauTa AnA cAhie, jala meM snAna karanA cAhie, keza, dAr3hI evaM nakha kaTAne cAhie, nayA ghar3A, pAka evaM mukha dhone ke lie naye pAtra rakhane cAhie tayA zamI ke puSpoM kI mAlAe~, zamI kI lakar3iyoM kI samidhA, agni utpanna karane ke lie zamI kI lakar3I ke do Takar3e, agni ko ekatra karane ke lie TahaniyA~, baila kA gobara evaM carma, tAjA makkhana, eka patthara tathA ghara meM jitanI striyA~ hoM utanI zAkhAe~ rakha lenI caahie| aparAhna meM agnihotra ke samaya kartAoM ko R0 (10 / 16 / 9) ke arthAza ke sAtha araNi se agni utpanna karanI caahie| isa prakAra agni jalAkara kartA ko rAtri kI mUkatA kI prApti ke samaya taka baiThe rahanA cAhie aura (kula ke) bUr3he logoM kI kahAniyA~, zubha bAtoM se bharI gAthAe~, itihAsa evaM purANa kahate rahanA caahie| jaba cAroM ora sannATA chA jAtA hai athavA jaba anya loga apane-apane vizrAma-sthala ko cale jAte haiM to kartA ko dvAra ke dakSiNa bhAga se lagAtAra jaladhArA girAte rahanA cAhie evaM R0 (1053 / 6) kA pATha karate hue ghara kI parikramA kara dvAra ke uttara bhAga meM jAkara ruka jAnA caahie| isake uparAnta agni ko rakhane ke pazcAt aura usake pazcima meM baila ke carma ko rakhakara ghara ke logoM ko (striyoM ko bhI) usa para R0 (10 / 18 / 6) mantra ke sAtha calane ko kahanA caahie| use agni ke cAroM ora lakar3iyA~ rakha denI cAhie aura R0 (10 / 1814) kA pATha karanA caahie| taba vaha agni ke uttara patthara rakhatA huA R0 (10 / 18 / 4) kA antima pAda kahatA hai ('vaha unake evaM mRtyu ke bIca meM parvata rakhe') aura R0 (10 / 18 / 1-4) ke cAra mantroM ko kahakara vaha R0 (10 / 1815) ke mantra ke sAtha apane logoM kI ora dekhatA hai| ghara kI striyA~ apane pRthak-pRthak hAthoM ke aMgUThoM evaM cauthI a~gulI (anAmikA) se eka hI sAtha darbhAkuroM se apanI A~khoM meM tAjA makkhana lagAtI haiM aura dAMkuroM ko pheMka detI haiN| jaba taka striyA~ A~khoM meM makkhana kA aMjana lagAtI raheM kartA ko unakI ora dekhate rahanA cAhie aura R0 (10 / 187) kA pATha karanA cAhie-'ye striyA~ vidhavA nahIM haiM aura acche patiyoM vAlI haiN|' use patthara kA sparza karanA cAhie (R0 1053 / 8 'patthara vAlI nadiyAM bahatI haiM), isake uparAnta uttara-pUrva meM khar3e hokara jaba ki anya loga agni evaM baila ke gobara kI parikramA karate haiM, use R0 (10 / 9 / 1-3 evaM 10 / 155 / 5) kA pATha karate hue jaladhArA girAnI caahie| eka pIle raMga ke baila ko cAroM ora ghumAnA caahie| isake uparAnta sabhI loga navIna kintu binA ghule hue vastra pahanakara kisI icchita sthAna para baiTha jAte haiM aura binA soye sUryodaya taka baiThe rahate haiN| sUryodaya ke uparAnta sUrya ke lie praNIta evaM anya zubha mantroM kA pATha karake, bhojana banAkara, mantroM (R0 11971-8) ke sAtha

Page #152
bhUta kA smAraka zmazAna ( samAdhi, stUpa) banAnA 1145 AhutiyA~ dekara tathA brAhmaNa bhojana karAkara unheM (brAhmaNoM ko ) zubha zabda kahane ke lie prerita karanA cAhie / pratyeka brAhmaNa ko eka gAya, eka dhAtu pAtra, eka navIna aprayukta vastra yajJa - dakSiNA ke rUpa meM denA caahie| aura dekhie satyASADhazrautasUtra ( 28|4|1) / zatapathabrAhmaNa (13 / 8 / 1-4) evaM kAtyA0 zra0 ne zmazAna yA samAdhi sthaloM ke viSaya meM manoraMjaka sUcanAe~ dI haiM / " zatapathabrAhmaNa meM aisA AyA hai ki mRtyu ke pazcAt zIghra hI zmazAna ( samAdhi yA caitya ) kA nirmANa nahIM honA cAhie, nahIM to mRta ke pApa ko kartA punarjIvita kara degA; itanA paryApta samaya bIta jAnA cAhie ki loga mRta kI mRtyu ke viSaya meM bhUla se jAya~ aura yaha na jAna sakeM ki vaha kaba mRtyu ko prApta huA thA / samAdhi-nirmANa viSama varSoM meM kevala eka nakSatra ke antargata ( arthAt citrA evaM puSya jaise kevala eka tArA vAle nakSatra meM, na ki punarvasu evaM vizAkhA ke dvisaMkhyaka yA kRttikA jaise bahusaMkhyaka tArA vAle nakSatra meM ) amAvasyA ke dina honA caahie| zarada Rtu, mAgha yA grISmakAla meM aisA karanA acchA hai| zmazAna yA samAdhi cAra koNoM (catuHsrakti) vAlI honI cAhie, kyoMki devapUjaka loga apane samAdhi sthaloM ko caukora banAte haiM aura asura, prAcya loga Adi maNDalAkAra banAte haiN| sthAna ke cunAva ke viSaya meM zatapatha brAhmaNa ne kaI dRSTikoNa diye haiM, yathA- kucha logoM ke mata se uttara kI ora DhAlU sthAna aura kucha logoM ke mata se dakSiNa kI ora, kintu siddhAntataH usa sthAna para samAdhi banAnI cAhie jahA~ samatala ho aura dakSiNa dizA se AtA huA jala pUrvAbhimukha Thahara jAya aura dhakkA dekara na vahe / vaha sthala ramaNIka evaM zAMta honA caahie| samAdhi sthala mArga para yA khule sthAna meM nahIM honA cAhie, nahIM to mRta ke pApa punarjIvita ho jAyeMge / samAdhi para madhyAhna kAla kI sUrya kiraNeM par3atI rahanI caahie| vahA~ se grAma nahIM dikhAI par3anA cAhie aura usake pazcima meM sundara vana, vATikA Adi hone caahie| yadi ye sundara vastueM na hoM to pazcima yA uttara meM jala honA cAhie / samAdhi ko USara bhUmi tathA aisI bhUmi meM honA cAhie jahA~ paryApta mAtrA jar3eM ho| vahA~ bhUmipAzA nAmaka paudhe, sarakaMDe ke paudhe tathA azvagandhA yA adhyaust yA pRzniparNI ke paudhe nahIM hone caahie| pAsa meM azvattha (pIpala), vibhItaka, tilvaka, sphUrjaka, haridu, nyagrodha yA aise vRkSa nahIM hone cAhie jinake nAma pApamaya hoM, yathA -- zleSmAtaka yA kovidaar| jisane agni cayana kiyA hai| usakI samAdhi vedikA kI bhA~ti banAyI jAtI hai| samAdhi bar3I nahIM honI cAhie nahIM to mRta ke pApa bar3e ho jAya~ge / usakI lambAI manuSya ke barAbara honI cAhie, vaha pazcima evaM uttara meM caur3I honI caahie| jidhara sUrya kI kiraNeM na 49. satyASADhazrautasUtra ( 28/4/28) meM AyA hai-- athaikeSAM kumbhAntaM nidhAnamanAhitAgneH striyAzca nibapanAntaM haviryAjinaH punardahanAntaM somayAjinazcayanAntamagnicita iti / yahI bAta baudhA0 pi0 sU0 (2 / 3 / 2) meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai| uparyukta ukti meM jalI huI asthiyoM ke visarjana kRtya kI cAra vidhiyA~ haiM- (1) una puruSoM evaM striyoM kI, jinhoMne zrautAgniyA~ nahIM jalAyI haiM, jalI huI asthiyA~ pAtra meM rakhakara gAr3a dI jAtI haiM; (2) jinhoMne haviryajJa ( jisameM kevala bhAta evaM ghRta kI AhutiyA~ dI jAtI haiM) kiyA hai, unakI asthiyA~ kevala bhUmi meM gAr3a dI jAtI haiM (gau0 4 / 20 ) ; jinhoMne somayajJa kiyA hai unakI asthiyoM kA punardAha kiyA jAtA hai tathA ( 4 ) jinhoMne agnicayana kA pavitra kRtya kiyA hai unakI asthiyoM para IMToM kA caitya banA diyA jAtA hai| yA miTTI kA stUpa uThA diyA jAtA hai| asthi-pAtra para samAdhi, pRthivI-samAdhi evaM asthipunarvAha kI prathAeM moheMjost evaM harappA ke tAmrayuga ke logoM meM pracalita thIM (dekhie rAmaprasAda canda, AyalaoNjikala sarve Afa iNDiyA, membAyara naM0 31, pR013-14) /

Page #153
1146 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa par3atI hoM udhara hI rassiyoM kA gherA honA caahie| pRthivI meM itanA bar3A gaDDhA khodanA cAhie jo puruSa-nApa ke barAbara ho| aura dekhie kAtyA0 zrI0 (21 / 3 / 1 evaM 6) jahA~ aisA hI varNana hai| satyASADhazrau0 (29 / 112) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki jaba zavadAha kA dina vismRta ho jAya to amAvasyA ke dina, jo mAgha, phAlgana, caitra, vaizAkha yA grISma mAsoM (jyeSTha evaM ASAr3ha) ke turata pazcAt Aye, IMToM yA miTTI kI samAdhi asthiyoM para banA dI jAnI caahie| zatapatha brAhmaNa (13 / 8 / 2-4) ne aura Age kahA hai-devapremI loga samAdhi ko pRthivI se alaga karake nahIM bnaate| kintu asura, prAcya Adi use pRthivI se alaga patthara para yA isI prakAra ke anya AdhAroM para banAte haiN| samAdhi ko binA kisI pUrvanizcita saMkhyA vAle pattharoM se ghera diyA jAtA hai| isake uparAnta usa sthala ko (jahA~ samAdhi banane ko hotI hai) palAza kI eka zAkhA se vAja0 saM0 (35 / 1 kSudra devadrohI yahA~ se bhAga jAyeM) ke uccAraNa ke sAtha buhAra diyA jAtA hai aura kartA yama se prArthanA karatA hai ki vaha mRta ko nivAsa sthAna de| isake uparAnta zAkhA ko dakSiNa ora pheMka detA hai| isake uparAnta dakSiNa yA uttara meM vaha hala meM chaH baila jor3atA hai| 'joto' kI AjJA pAne ke uparAnta vaha (kartA) mantroccAraNa (vAja0 sa0 35 / 2) karatA hai| hala ko dakSiNa se uttara kI ora ghumAkara vaha prathama sItA (sIra yA pahalA phAra yA kUr3a) vAja0 saM0 (435 / 3) ke arthAt 'vAyu pavitra kareM' mantra ke sAtha jotatA hai aura uttara se pazcima jAtA hai; 'savitA pavitra kareM ke sAtha pazcima se dakSiNa jAtA hai; 'agni kI AbhA' ke sAtha dakSiNa se pUrva kI ora jAtA hai| sUrya kI divyatA' ke sAtha sAmane uttara jAtA hai| yaju rveda ke mantroM ke sAtha vaha cAra sItA (kUr3a) jotatA hai| isake uparAnta maunarUpa se samAdhi-sthala ko binA pUrvanizcita saMkhyA meM jotatA hai| isake uparAnta bailoM ko chaTakA detA hai (hala se alaga kara detA hai)| dAhinI ora (dakSiNapazcima meM) vaha bailoM evaM hala ko alaga karatA hai| tatpazcAt kartA sabhI prakAra kI oSadhiyoM yA zAkoM ko eka hI mantra (vAja0 saM0 35 / 4) ke sAtha botA hai| isake dvArA apane kula ke logoM kI lambI Ayu ke lie prArthanA karatA hai ki eka ke pazcAt eka vRddhAvasthA meM hI mRtyu paayeN| isake uparAnta vaha asthi-pAtra ko ujhela detA hai| aisA vaha sUryodaya ke pUrva hI karatA hai jisase ki vaisA karate samaya usake Upara sUrya kA udaya ho| vaha ise vAja0 saM0 (35 / 5-6) ke pATha ke sAtha karatA hai| taba vaha kisI se kahatA hai--'sA~sa rokakara usa (dakSiNa) dizA kI ora bar3ho aura pAtra ko pheMkane ke uparAnta binA pIche dekhe yahA~ lauTa aao|' taba vaha vAja0 saM0 (357) kA pATha karatA hai| isake uparAnta vaha vAja0 saM0 (35 / 8-9) ke sAtha mRta kI asthiyoM ko aMga-aMga ke anusAra vyavasthita karatA hai| aba teraha acihnita hai, jo puruSa ke paira ke barAbara hotI haiM, nIce sajA dI jAtI haiM (kintu yahA~ agnicayana ke samAna mantroccAraNa nahIM kiyA jaataa)| teraha IMToM meM eka ITa 50. agni-vedikA kI IMToM para lambI-lambI rekhAoM ke cihna hote haiM (dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 35) / agnicayana kI IMTeM manuSya ke paira ke barAbara hotI haiN| una para devoM kI pUjA hotI hai| samAdhi-nirmANa meM guljanoM kA sammAna hotA hai| zatapathabrAhmaNa (13 / 8 / 2-3) meM devoM evaM pitaroM meM pRthaktva pradarzita kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki devI zaktiyA~ manuSya kI zaktiyoM se pRthak hotI haiN| agnicayana meM bahudhA pakSI kA AkAra banAyA jAtA hai (dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 35) / isI se zatapatha brAhmaNa ne paMkhoM evaM pucchoM kI carcA kI hai| katipaya varNoM evaM striyoM kI lambAiyoM ke viSaya meM jo vyavasthA hai, vaha pratIkAtmaka hai| kSatriya, brAhmaNa evaM vaizya krama se puruSa ke hAthoM (bAhuoM), mukha evaM jaMghAoM kA pratinidhitva karate haiM (R0 10.90 / 12) / kAtyA0 zrI0 (211411314) ne kSatriya ke lie eka vikalpa diyA hai arthAt usakI samAdhi chAtI ke barAbara yA binA hAtha uThAye hue manuSya kI lambAI ke barAbara ho sakatI hai|

Page #154
mRta kA smAraka zmazAna (sAmAdhi, stUpa, citi) banAnA 1147 ko kartA bIca meM rakhatA hai, jisakA sammukha bhAga pUrva kI ora rahatA hai (yaha kabandha kA dyotaka hai), tIna IMTeM sAmane rakhI jAtI haiM, jo sira ko paricAyaka haiM, tIna dAhine aura tIna bAyeM rakhI jAtI haiM (isa prakAra donoM pArzva bana jAte haiM) aura tIna pIche (puccha mAga kI dyotaka) rakhI jAtI haiN| tatpazcAt vaha (kartA) pRthivI ke gaDDhe meM rakhane ke lie kucha tela lAne kI AjJA detA hai| kucha loga dakSiNa-pUrva koNa meM gaDDhA khodate haiM aura vahIM se tela ma~gavAte haiM; kucha loga dakSiNa-pazcima meM gaDDhA khodate haiM aura uttara kI ora ma~gavAte haiM (vaha isa viSaya meM jaisA cAhe kara sakatA hai)| samAdhi adhika bar3I nahIM honI cAhie; kSatriyoM ke lie binA hAtha uThAye manuSya kI U~cAI ke barAbara ho sakatI hai, brAhmaNoM ke lie mukha taka kI lambAI taka, striyoM ke lie nitamboM taka, vaizyoM ke lie jaMghAoM taka tathA zUdroM ke lie ghuTanoM taka U~cAI honI cAhie, yA sabhI ke lie kevala ghuTanoM taka kI U~cI samAdhi ho sakatI hai| jaba taka samAdhi banatI rahatI hai, logoM ko uttara kI ora beMta kA eka guccha lekara khar3A rahanA caahie| isa prakAra usa guccha ko pakar3ane ke uparAnta pRthivI para nahIM rakhanA cAhie pratyuta use ghara meM rakhanA cAhie, kyoMki vaha santatiyoM kA paricAyaka hotA hai| samAdhi banAne ke uparAnta usa para kartA yava (jau) bo detA hai aura socatA hai-"ye mere pApa ko dUra kareM (yavaya)!" kartA samAdhi ko avakA nAmaka paudhoM se Dhaka detA hai, jisase ki ArdratA banI rahe aura isI prakAra komalatA ke lie darbha lagA detA hai| _____samAdhi ke caturdika khUTiyAM gAr3a dI jAtI haiM; sAmane palAza kI, uttara koNa meM zamI kI, pIche varaNa kI, dAhine (dAhine koNa meM) vRtra kI khUTI lagA dI jAtI hai| dakSiNa meM kucha Ter3hI do sItAe~ (kuMDa) khodakara unameM dUdha evaM jala chor3a diyA jAtA hai aura uttara ora isI prakAra sAta kuMDa banAye jAte haiM, unameM jala chor3a diyA jAtA hai jisase pApa pAra kara na Ane paaye| uttarI ka~DoM meM tIna patthara rakhe jAte haiM aura una para vAja0 saM0 (35 / 10 = R0 105318) kA pATha kara calanA hotA hai| kartA apAmArga ke paudhoM se apanA mArjana karate haiM aura isa prakAra pApa dUra karate haiN| isake uparAnta jahA~ jala pAyA jAya vahA~ snAna kiyA jAtA hai| vA0 saM0 (35 / 12) ke pATha ke sAtha kartA aMjali meM jala lekara usa ora pheMkatA hai jahA~ ghRNAspada vyakti (durmitra) rahatA hai aura isa prakAra usa para vijaya pAtA hai| snAna karake, kore vastra pahanakara tathA eka kulhAr3I ko nicale bhAga se pakar3akara saba loga ghara lauTa Ate haiN| gA~va kI ora ve loga vA0 saM0 (35 / 14) ko par3hate hue Ate haiN| ghara pahuMcane para unake pAsa A~khoM evaM pairoM meM lagAne ke lie lepa lAyA jAtA hai aura isa prakAra ve loga apane se mRtyu ko dUra karate haiN| ghara meM laukika agni jalA kara aura usake caturdik varaNa kI lakar3iyAM lagAkara ve AyuSmAn agni ko sruva se Ahuti dete haiN| isa viSaya meM vAja0 saM0 (35|17)kaa mantra puronuvAkyA (AmantraNakAraka sUkta) kA kArya karatA hai| yaha isalie kiyA jAtA hai ki agni ina logoM kI rakSA kre| yajJa-dakSiNA ke rUpa meM eka bUr3hA baila, purAnA jau (yava), purAnI kursI aura eka aisA pIThAsana diyA jAtA hai jisa para sira ko bhI sahArA mila ske| icchAnusAra adhika bhI diyA jA sakatA hai| yaha vidhi unake lie hai jinhoMne agni-cayana kiyA hai| anya logoM ke lie bhI aisA hI hotA hai, kevala agni-vedikA nahIM banAyI jaatii| samAdhi ke ghere se eka muTThI miTTI lAkara samAdhi evaM grAma ke bIca meM rakha dI jAtI hai aura vAja0 saM0 (35 / 15) kA pATha kara diyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra yaha aisA gherA bana jAtA hai jo pitaroM evaM jIvita logoM ke bIca meM meMDa kA kArya karatA hai aura donoM mila nahIM paate| ___satyASADhazrI0 (29 / 1 / 3) evaM baudhA0 pi0 sU0 (1117-20) ne agnicayana karanevAle kI samAdhi ke nirmANa ke lie eka ati vistRta vidhi dI hai, jise hama yahA~ nahIM de rahe haiN| samAdhi banAte samaya vRkSa kI jar3a meM rakhe hue asthi-pAtra ko nikAlA jAtA hai aura asthiyA~ kaI prakAra se zuddha kI jAtI haiM, yathA--eka ghar3e ke vAjina (eka prakAra ke rasa) meM dahI mizrita kara use usa para ur3elate haiM, kaI bailoM se yukta hala se jotakara miTTI ubhAr3ate haiN|

Page #155
1148 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa satyASADha zrI0 (29 / 23-12) ne eka vidhi dI hai jisameM dhavana nahIM hotA, eka aura vidhi dI hai (29 / 1 / 13-32) jisameM dhavana hotA hai, Age calakara aisI vidhi dI hai jisameM donoM prakAra se dhavana kiyA jAtA hai| loSTacitiyoM se samAdhi banAnA, jisameM dhavana hotA hai, aba prAcIna mAna liyA gayA hai| isakA varNana saMkSepa meM yoM hai--mRta ke ghara ke sadasyagaNa eka zAlA yA paryaka ke lie eka AdhAra banAte haiN| ve usake pUrva argha bhAga yA bIca yA pazcima argha mAga meM tIna muMha vAlI palAza kI khUTI gAr3ate haiN| isake sAmane eka zUdra nArI se utpanna vyakti yA brahmabandhu (kevala nAma kA brAhmaNa) kathanopakathana ke lie baiThatA hai| vaha mRta kI mukhya patnI se pUchatA hai'kyA tuma mere pAsa rahogI?' vaha strI pratyuttara detI hai-(jo tuma cAhate ho) maiM nahIM kruuNgii|' yaha bAtacIta dUsare dina bhI hotI hai| taba vaha tIsare dina pratyuttara detI hai-'maiM kevala eka rAtri ke lie rhNgii|' yadi yaha vicitra paddhati (dhavana ke viSaya meM, jisakA zAbdika artha saMbhoga hai) tIna dina se adhika calanevAlI hotI hai to strI ko ucita uttara denA hotA hai (arthAt tIna rAtriyoM yA pA~ca rAtriyoM ke lie, aadi)| jaba uttara ke zabda uccArita hote haiM to kartA asthiyoM ko khaMTI kI jaDa meM rakhatA hai aura khaMTI ke nikale hue tIna makhoM para eka aisA ghaDA rakha detA hai jisake tala meM eka sau chidra hote haiN| ghar3e kA mukha carma evaM kuza se DhaMkA rahatA hai| ghar3e para vaha vAjina yukta dahI chor3atA hai aura 'vaizvAnare haviridam' (tai0 A0 6.1) kA pATha karatA hai| jaba ghar3e se tarala padArtha asthiyoM para cUne lagatA hai to vaha tai0 A0 (66) ke maMtra kahane lagatA hai| isake uparAnta satyASADha zro0 (29 / 1)26-29 vyavasthA dI hai ki cAra brahmacArI yA anya brAhmaNa, jo pavitra hote haiM, apane sira kI dAhinI ora kI coTI bA~dhate haiM aura bAyIM ora kI coTI ke bAloM ko bikhera dete haiM, ve apanI dAhinI jA~ghoM ko pITate haiM aura usa carma ko bhI chute haiM jo asthi-pAtra ko cAroM ora ghere rahatA hai, apane vastroM se usakI havA karate haiM aura ghar3e kI bAyIM o kI parikramA karate haiM, aisA hI ghara ke anya loga aura striyA~ karatI haiN| vINA bajAyI jAtI hai, zaMkha phaMke jAte haiM aura nAlika, tUNa, paNava Adi vAdya bajAye jAte haiM, natya, gIta Adi kiyA jAtA hai| yaha dhavana 5, 6, 9 dinoM taka, arna mAsa, mAsa bhara yA varSa bhara calatA hai. aura apanI sAmarthya ke anusAra bhojana, dhana (sonA Adi) kA dAna kiyA jAtA hai, kucha logoM ke mata se yaha dAna-karma antima dina meM kiyA jAtA hai| yadi kalpanA kI jAya to yaha kRtya kevala mRta ko yaha vizvAsa dilAne ke lie hai ki usakI patnI itane dinoM ke uparAnta bhI sadAcAriNI rahI hai| baudhA. pi0 sU0 (1 / 17 / 8) kA bhI kathana hai ki isa kRtya meM nartakiyA~ nRtya karatI haiN| asthiyoM ke Upara banI huI samAdhi kI lambAI, caur3AI evaM U~cAI ke viSaya meM sUtroM ne kaI mata diye haiN| satyA0 zrau0 (29 / 1 / 5-6) ke anusAra zmazAnAyatana (zmazAna yA samAdhi kA Ayatana-lambAI, caur3AI Adi) cAroM ora se pA~ca prakrama (yA pUrva se chaH tathA anya dizAoM se pA~ca prakrama) hotA hai| eka hI sUtra meM samAdhi kI U~cAI kaI prakAra se dI huI hai| satyA0 zrI0 sU0 kA kathana hai ki U~cAI do aMgula yA tIna, cAra, eka prAdeza (aMgUThe evaM tarjanI kI dUrI, jaba ki phailA diye jAyeM) yA eka vitasti (bAraha aMgula) yA vaha ghuTanoM yA jaMghAoM yA nitamboM taka pahu~ca sakatI hai| isa viSaya meM aura dekhie bau0 pi0 mU0 (1 / 18), kauzikasUtra (84 / 4-10) aadi| varNanoM se patA calatA hai ki samAdhi sAmAnyataH caturbhujAkAra hotI thI, kintu kucha zAkhAoM ke mata se maNDalAkAra bhI hotI thii| lauriyA kI samAdhiyA~ maNDalAkAra hI haiN| eka viziSTa avalokanIya bAta yaha hai ki samAdhi kA nirmANa kaI staroM (tahoM) meM hotA thA aura miTTI ke dhoMdhe yA loMde (tabhI samAdhi ko loSTa-citi kahA jAtA hai) yA IMToM kA vyavahAra hotA thaa| pUrva, uttara, pazcima evaM dakSiNa meM krama se IMTeM lagatI thIM aura satyA0 zrau0 (29 / 1153), bodhA0 pi0 sU0 (1 / 19 / 4-7) ke maMtra par3he jAte the (R0 10 / 18 / 13, 10, 12 atharva0 1813152, 49, 50, 51 evaM tai0 A0 671) / R0 (10 / 18 / 12) meM stambhoM evaM R0 (10 / 18 / 13) meM sthUNA (thUnhI) kA ullekha hai| lauriyA-nandanagar3ha meM jo samAdhiyAM milI haiM

Page #156
samAdhi-nirmANa; antyeSTi karane ke adhikArI 1149 unameM lakar3I ke stambha haiM, jisase patA calatA hai ki unameM zrIta sUtroM meM varNita vaidika prathA kA pAlana huA thA / antara kevala itanA hI hai ki lauriyA kI samAdhiyoM kI U~cAI tathA vaidika evaM sUtrokta U~cAI meM bheda hai| satyA0 zra0 ne 28veM prazna meM pitRmegha evaM 29veM prazna meM brahmameva kA varNana kiyA hai| donoM kA antara satyA0 zrI0 (29 / 3 / 4-18) meM batAyA gayA hai| 'caturhotAra:' nAmaka mantra brahma kahalAtA hai ( tai0 brA0 3 / 12 / 5 ) aura brahmamegha kI vidhi kevala AcArya yA zrotriya ke lie prayukta hotI hai| mahAdeva kI vaijayantI meM AyA hai ki satyA0 zrI0 ke 28 evaM 29 prazna bharadvAja se liye gaye haiN| satyA0 zrI0 meM varNita dhavana kI vidhi kA prayoga Adhunika bhArata nahIM hotA / dhavana kA ullekha baudhA0 pi0 sU0 (1 / 17 ) evaM kAtyA0 zra0 sU0 (21 / 3 / 6) meM bhI huA hai| uparyukta vivecanoM se prakaTa huA hogA ki prAcIna bhArata meM antyeSTi-karma cAra staroM meM hotA thA, yathA-zababAha (zava ko jalAnA), asthisaMbaya evaM asthi pAtra ko pRthivo ke bhItara gAr3anA, zAntikarma evaM asthiyoM ke Upara zamazAna yA samAdhi nirmita karanA | antima stara sabhI logoM ke lie Avazyaka rUpa se nahIM prayukta hotA thA / rudradAman ke samaya meM sIhila ke putra madana ne apanI bahina, bhAI evaM patnI kI smRti meM lAThI ( laSTi yA yaSTi) khar3I kI thI (epi0 iNDikA, jilda 16, pR0 23-25, andhau zilAlekha, sambhavataH zaka saM0 53 ) / aparArka dvArA uddhRta brahmapurANa kI eka lambI ukti meM aisA AyA hai ( pR0 885-886) ki jalAye gaye zava kI asthiyA~ eka pAtra meM ekatra karanI cAhie aura use kisI vRkSa kI jar3a meM rakhanA cAhie yA gaMgA meM bahA denA cAhie, zavadAha kI bhUmi ko gobara evaM jala se lIpakara pavitra kara denA cAhie aura vahAM puSkaraka nAmaka vRkSa lagA denA cAhie yA eDUka (samAdhi) kA nirmANa kara denA caahie| " satyA0 zra0 (28 / 2 / 28) evaM bau0 pi0 sU0 (2 / 1 / 2) ne, jaisA ki Upara varNana kiyA gayA hai, likhA hai ki mRtyu ke uparAnta se lekara asthi- pAtra ko bhUmi meM gAr3ane taka ke karma kevala una mRta logoM ke lie, jinhoMne vaidika agniyA~ nahIM jalAyI haiM aura vivAhita striyoM ke lie haiM, kintu agnicayana karma karanevAloM kI asthiyoM para miTTI yA IMToM kA zmazAna (yA samAdhi) banA diyA jAtA hai| yaha vicAraNIya hai ki bebIloniyA evaM kelTika briTena meM svAmI ke sAtha dAsa evaM naukara gAr3a diye jAte the, kintu prAcIna bhArata meM zavadAha evaM zava ( yA asthi) gAr3ane kI prathA meM aisA nahIM pAyA jAtA / zatapathabrAhmaNa jaise prAcIna grantha meM aisA koI ullekha yA vidhi nahIM hai / yaha sambhava hai ki prAkvaidika kAla meM pati kI citA para patnI bhI bhasma ho jAtI rahI ho| isameM sandeha nahIM ki viSNudharmasUtra ne striyoM ko pAtivrata dharma nibAhane ke lie aisA kahA hai ki ve yadi cAheM to satI ho sakatI haiN| antyakarmAdhikArI ve hI hote haiM jo zrAddhakarma karane ke lie adhikArI mAne jAte haiN| kisako prAthamikatA dI jAya, isa viSaya meM dharmazAstrakAroM meM mataikya nahIM hai| udAharaNArtha, gautamadharmasUtra ( 15 / 13-14) kA kathana hai ki 'putroM ke abhAva meM sapiNDa loga ( bhAI-bhatIje), mAtA ke sapiNDa loga ( mAmA yA mamerA bhAI) evaM ziSya loga mRta kA zrAddha karma kara sakate haiM; inake abhAva meM kula purohita evaM AcArya (veda- zikSaka ) aisA kara sakate haiM / ' zaMkha kA kathana hai ki 'pitA ke lie piNDadAna evaM jala-tarpaNa putra dvArA honA cAhie; putrAbhAva meM ( usakI anupasthiti yA 51. gRhItvAsthIni tadbhasma nItvA toye vinikSipet / tataH saMmArjanaM bhUmeH kartavyaM gomayAmbubhiH // ... bhUmerAcchAdanArthaM 'tu vRkSaH puSkarako'thavA / eDako vA prakartavyastatra sarvaiH svabandhubhiH // brahmapurANa ( aparArka, pR0 886 ) / yahI vacana trizacchlokI (zloka 28, pR0 253) kI raghunAthakRta TIkA meM bhI AyA hai jisane puSkara ko puSkariNI ke artha meM liyA hai aura eDUkaH ko paTTakaH par3hA hai aura use 'patthara' (cabUtarA) ke artha meM liyA hai|

Page #157
1150 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa mRtyu para) patnI ko adhikAra hai aura patnI ke abhAva meM sagA bhAI (sahodara) zrAddhakarma karatA hai (smRticandrikA 2, pR. 3; nirNayasindhu 3, pR0 280) / viSNupurANa (3 / 13 / 31-33) ne vyavasthA dI hai-(mata ke) putra, pautra, (mRta ke) mAI kI saMtati evaM sapiNDa kI saMtati piNDa dene ke adhikArI hote haiN| mArkaNDeyapurANa (30 / 19. 21 yA 19 / 23. saMskaraNa 2) kA kathana hai ki putroM ke abhAva meM sapiNDa, unake abhAva meM samAnodaka. isake uparAnta mAtA ke sapiNDa evaM (unake abhAva meM) usake samAnodaka piNDadAna karate haiM, (yadi vyakti aputra hI mara jAya to) putrI kA putra piNDa de sakatA hai, nAnA ke lie putrikA-putra de sakatA hai| ina logoM ke abhAva meM patniyAM binA mantroM ke zrAddha-karma kara sakatI haiM, patnI ke abhAva meM rAjA ko cAhie ki vaha kula ke kisI vyakti dvArA yA usI jAti ke kisI vyakti dvArA zrAddhakarma karA de, kyoMki rAjA sabhI vargoM kA sambandhI hai|52 mRtyu ke uparAnta dasa dinoM taka karma karate rahane evaM mata-vyakti kI sampatti lene meM gaharA sambandha hai| isa viSaya meM dekhie mitAkSarA evaM dAyabhAga ke mata (dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 3, adhyAya 29) / una logoM ne bhI, jinhoMne riktha (dAya yA sampatti ke uttarAdhikAra) ko raktasambandha para AdhArita mAnA hai na ki piNDa dene kI samarthatA para, kahA hai ki una sabhI logoM ke lie, jo dUsare kI sampatti pAte haiM (yahA~ taka ki rAjA ke lie bhI jo saMtati ke abhAva meM antima uttarAdhikArI hotA hai), mata kI antyeSTi-kriyA evaM zrAddha-karma karanA ati Avazyaka hai| viSNudharmasUtra (15-40) ne ghoSita kiyA hai jo bhI koI mRta kI sampatti riktha meM pAtA hai, use (mRta ke lie) piNDa denA hotA hai| yahI bAta yAjJa0 (2 / 127) ne kSetraja putra ke lie kahI hai (ubhayorapyasau rikthI piNDadAtA ca dhrmtH)| smRtyarthasAra (pR0 94) ne adhikAriyoM kA krama yoM diyA hai-'piNDa dene ke lie yogya putra prathama apikArI hai, usake abhAva meM pati, patnI evaM sahapaliyA~ hotI haiN| inake abhAva meM bhatIjA, bhAI, patohU, putrI, putrI kA putra, anya sagotra, sapiNDa, sahapAThI, mitra, ziSya, zikSaka, koI sambandhI evaM koI bhI, jo mRta kI sampatti grahaNa karatA hai, piNDa de sakatA hai| pitA apane putra ke zrAddha-karma ke yogya nahIM hotA hai aura na bar3A bhAI choTe bhAI ke zrAddhakarma ke yogya mAnA jAtA hai, ye loga snehavaza vaisA kara sakate haiM kintu sapiNDIkaraNa nahIM kara skte| mAtA-pitA kumArI kanyAoM ko piNDa de sakate haiM, yahA~ taka ki ve kisI yogya vyakti (kartA) ke abhAva meM vivAhita kanyAoM ko bhI piNDa de sakate haiN| 52. pituH putreNa kartavyA pinndddaanodkkriyaa| putrAbhAve tu patnI syAtpatlyabhAve tu sodrH|| zaMkha (smRtica0 2, pR0 365; nirNayasindhu 3, pR0 380) / putraH pautraH prapautro vA tadvadvA bhraatRsNttiH| sapiNDasantatirvApi kriyA nRpa jAyate // teSAmabhAve sarveSAM samAnodakasantatiH / mAtRpakSasya piNDena saMbavA ye jalena ca // kulAye'pi cotsanna strIbhiH kAryA kriyA np| saMghAtAntargatairvApi kAryA pretasya ca kriyaa| utsannabandhurikyAnAM kaaryevvniiptiH|| viSNupurANa (3 // 13 // 31-33; aparArka, pR0 433; smRtica0 2, pR0 336; parA0 mA0 112, 10 461; zuddhitattva pR0 383) / viSNupurANa (5 / 34) ne rAjA ko bhI adhikArI mAnA hai| putrAbhAve sapiNDAstu tadabhAve shodkaaH| mAtuH sapiNDA ye ca syurya vA mAtuH shodkaaH||kuryurenN vidhi samyagaputrasya sutaasutH| kuryurmAtAmahAyavaM putrikAtanayAstathA // sarvAbhAve striyaH kuryuH svabhartRNAmamantrakam / tadabhAve ca nRpatiH kArayet svakuTumbinA // tajjAtIyairnaraiH samyagdAhAdyAH sakalAH kriyaaH| sarveSAmeva varNAnAM bAndhavo nRptirytH|| mArkaNDeyapurANa (30 / 19-24; smRtica0 2, pR0 336; parA0 mA0 22, pR0 463) / aura dekhie brahmapurANa (220176-80) / 53. mRtasya rikthagrAhiNA yena kenApi rAjaparyantenaudehikaM bazAhAntaM kAryam / tathA va viSNaHyazcArthaharaH sa piNDadAyI smRta iti| vyavahAramayUkha (pR0 145) /

Page #158
antyeSTi evaM zrAddha karane ke adhikArI 1151 putrI kA putra evaM nAnA eka-dUsare ko piNDa de sakate haiM; isI prakAra dAmAda aura zvazura bhI kara sakate haiM, putravadhU sAsa ko Pros de sakatI hai, bhAI eka-dUsare ko, guru-ziSya eka-dUsare ko de sakate haiN| 'dAyabhAga' dvArA upasthApita zrAddhAdhikAriyoM ke krama ke lie dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 3, adhyAya 29 / nirNayasindhu ( pR0 381 ) kA kahanA hai ki kaliyuga meM kevala do prakAra ke putra, aurasa evaM dattaka AjJApita haiM (12 prakAra ke putroM ke lie dekhie yAjJa0 2 / 128-132 ) ; isane zrAddhAdhikAriyoM kA krama isa prakAra diyA hai- aurasa putra, pautra, prapautra evaM dattaka putra / kaI putra hoM to jyeSTha ko hI kevala adhikAra hai| yadi jyeSTha putra anupasthita yA patita ho to usake pazcAt vAle putra ko adhikAra hai ( sabase choTe ko nahIM) / yadi sabhI putra alaga ho gaye haiM to sapiNDIkaraNa taka ke kRtya kevala jyeSTha putra karatA hai aura vaha anya bhAiyoM se zrAddhavyaya le sakatA hai, kintu vArSika zrAddha sabhI putra alaga-alaga kara sakate haiN| yadi putra ekatra hI rahate haiM to sabhI kRtya, yahA~ taka ki vArSika zrAddha jyeSTha putra hI karatA hai| yadi jyeSTha putra anupasthita ho to usake pazcAtvAlA yA sabase choTA putra sabhI kRtya - 16 zrAddha kara sakatA hai, kintu sapiNDIkaraNa nahIM, isake lie use varSa bhara jyeSTha bhAI ke lie johanA par3atA hai| yadi jyeSTha putra varSa ke bhItara pitA kI mRtyu kA sandeza pA letA hai to use hI sapiNDIkaraNa karanA cAhie / yadi eka varSa ke bhItara koI choTA bhAI yA koI anya vyakti mAsika, UnamAsika, sapiNDIkaraNa zrAddha kara letA hai to jyeSTha putra yA koI anya putra ina zrAddhoM ko punaH karatA hai| yadi pautra ho aura usakA upanayana ho cukA ho to usakI apekSA usa putra ko adhika adhikAra hai jisakA abhI upanayana nahIM huA hai, kintu use tIna varSa kA avazya honA cAhie aura usakA cUr3AkaraNa avazya ho gayA rahanA cAhie (sumantu, parA0 mA0 12, pR0 465; nirNayasindhu pR0 382; madanapA0 pR0 403 ) / manu ( 2 / 172) kA kathana hai ki lar3ake ko upanayana ke pUrva vaidika mantra nahIM kahane cAhie, kintu vaha una mantroM ko kaha sakatA hai jo mAtA-pitA ke zrAddha meM kahe jAte haiN| yadi vaha vaidika mantroM ke pATha ke ayogya ho to use kevala zavadAha ke samaya ke mantra kahakara mauna ho jAnA cAhie aura anya kRtya dUsare vyakti dvArA maMtroM ke sAtha kiye jA sakate haiN| isI prakAra use darzazrAddha evaM mahAlaya kA kevala saMkalpa kara lenA cAhie, anya kRtya koI anya vyakti kara sakatA hai| upanayana hone ke uparAnta hI dattaka putra zrAddhAdhikArI hotA hai| yadi prapautra taka koI anvayAgata (vaMzaja ) vyakti na ho aura na dattaka putra ho to patnI mantroM ke sAtha antyeSTikarma, vArSika evaM anya zrAddhakarma kara sakatI hai, yadi vaha vaidika mantra na kaha sake to isake viSaya meM vahI niyama lAgU hotA hai jo anupanIta putra ke lie hotA hai| usa sthiti meM jaba ki pati apane bhAI se alaga na huA ho, yA vaha alaga hokara punaH saMyukta ho gayA ho, patnI ko hI ( bhAI ko nahIM) zrAddhakarma karane meM varIyatA milatI hai, yadyapi sampatti bhAI ko hI prApta ho jAtI hai / yadyapi kucha pazcAtkAlIna grantha, yathA --- nirNayasindhu evaM dharmasindhu ( bhAryayApi samantrakamevardhvadehikAdika kAryam ) patnI ko vaidika mantroM ke sAtha antyeSTi karma karane kI anumati dete haiM, tathApi katipaya grantha, yathA -- mArkaNDeyapurANa evaM brahmapurANa patnI ko mantra bolane se manA karate haiM / patnI ke abhAva meM putrI ko zrAddha karane kA adhikAra hai kintu aisA tabhI saMbhava hai jaba ki mRta alaga rahA ho aura punaH saMyukta na huA ho / yadi mRta saMyukta rahA ho to usakA sodara bhAI patnI ke uparAnta ucita adhikArI hotA hai| kanyAoM meM vivAhita kanyA ko varIyatA prApta hotI hai, kintu avivAhita kanyA bhI adhikAra rakhatI hai| kanyAoM ke abhAva meM dauhitra adhikArI hotA hai; isake uparAnta bhAI aura taba bhatIjA / bhAiyoM meM sodara ko sautele bhAI se varIyatA prApta hai, kintu yadi jyeSTha evaM kaniSTha bhAI hoM to choTe ko varIyatA prApta hai kyoMki aisA karane se pitA evaM putra meM adhika samIpatA lakSita hotI hai| yadi choTA bhAI na ho, to bar3A bhAI, aura sagA bhAI na ho to sautelA bhAI, bhI adhikArI ho sakatA hai| kucha logoM kA kathana hai ki yadi mRta apane bhAI se alaga rahatA ho aura use putrI yA dauhitra uttarAdhikArI ke rUpa meM prApta ho to bhI bhAI ko varIyatA prApta hotI hai, kyoMki sagotra ko asagotra se varIyatA prApta hai / yadi bhAI na hoM to bhatIjA adhikArI hotA haiM, isake 1

Page #159
1152 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa uparAnta sautele bhAI kA putra, taba pitA, mAtA, taba patohU aura anta meM bhin| apanI bahinoM, sautelI bahinoM, choTI evaM bar3I bahinoM ke viSaya meM ve hI niyama lAgU hote haiM jo bhAiyoM ke viSaya meM haiM; bahina ke abhAva meM bahina kA putra adhikArI hotA hai| yadi bahuta se bhAnaje hoM to bhAI vAle niyama hI lAgU hote haiN| isake uparAnta cAcA, cacerA bhAI, anya sapiNDa loga Ate haiM; taba samAnodaka tathA kulotpanna anya loga adhikArI hote haiN| ina logoM ke abhAva meM mAtA ke sapiNDa loga, yathA-nAnA, mAmA evaM mamerA bhAI; mAtA ke sapiNDoM ke abhAva meM muA yA mausI ke putra; inake abhAva meM pita bandhu, yathA-pitA kI bhuA ke putra, pitA kI mAtA kI bahina ke putra, pitA ke cAcA ke putra isake uparAnta mAtRbandhu, yathA-mAtA kI bhUA ke putra; inake abhAva meM mRta kA ziSya; ziSya ke abhAva meM mRta ke dAmAda yA zvazara; inake abhAva meM mitra; mitra ke abhAva meM vaha jo brAhmaNa (mata) kI saMpatti grahaNa karatA hai| yadi mata brAhmaNa ko chor3a kisI anya jAti kA hotA hai to rAjA adhikArI hotA hai (jo brAhmaNa kI sampatti ko chor3akara anya uttarAdhikArI-hIna kI sampatti kA svAmI ho jAtA hai) aura kisI anya vyakti dvArA mata kI antyeSTi-kriyA evaM zrAddhakarma karAtA hai| dharmasindhu (pR0 370) meM striyoM ke viSaya meM zrAddhAdhikAriyoM kA krama yoM hai-kumArI kanyA ke viSaya meM pitA adhikArI hai, isake uparAnta usake bhAI Adi; yadi strI vivAhitA ho to putra, isake uparAnta usakI sauta, taba sauta kA pautra aura taba prapautra; inake abhAva meM pati pati ke abhAva meM pUtrI, taba pUtrI kA pUtra; isake abhAva meM devara, taba devara kA putra; isake abhAva meM patohU; taba mRta strI kA pitA; taba usakA bhAI; isake uparAnta usakA bhatIjA tathA anya log| dattaka putra apane svAbhAvika (asalI) pitA kA zrAddha putra tathA anya adhikArI ke abhAva meM kara sakatA hai| yadi brahmacArI mara jAya to usakI mAsika, vArSika tathA anya zrAddha-kriyAe~ pitA tathA mAtA dvArA sampAdita honI caahie| brahmacArA apane pitA evaM mAtA yA cacere pitAmaha, upAdhyAya evaM AcArya ke zavoM ko Dho sakatA hai, zavadAha evaM anya kriyAe~ kara sakatA hai, yadi anya adhikArI upasthita hoM to use uparyukta logoM kA zrAddhakarma nahIM karanA caahie| brahmacArI uparyukta pA~ca ke atirikta kisI anya kA zavadAha tathA anya zrAddhakarma nahIM kara sktaa| yadi brahmacArI dasa dinoM taka kriyAe~ karatA hai to use utane dinoM taka azauca mAnanA par3atA hai, kintu yadi vaha kevala zavadAha karatA hai to kevala eka dina kA azIca mAnatA hai| azauca ke dinoM meM usake Avazyaka yA aparihArya kArya banda nahIM hote, kintu use azauca manAnevAle anya sambandhiyoM ke lie pakAyA gayA bhojana nahIM karanA cAhie aura na unake sAtha nivAsa karanA cAhie; yadi vaha aisA kare to use prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai aura puna: upanayana saMskAra se abhiSikta honA par3atA hai| yaha nizcita-sI bAta hai ki baudhAyana, liMgapurANa (zrAddhaprakAza, pR0 361-371), mArkaNDeyapurANa, pitRdayitA (pR082) tathA kucha anya granthoM ne manuSya ko jIvana-kAla meM hI apanI antyeSTi karane kI AjJA de dI hai| isa para hama Age zrAddha ke adhyAya meM likheNge| yadi koI vyakti patita ho jAya aura prAyazcitta karanA asvIkAra kare to 54. yahA~ para sapiNDa kA tAtparya hai usa vyakti se jo mRta ke gotra kA hotA hai, kintu use eka hI puruSa pUrvaja se sAtavIM pIr3hI ke antargata honA caahie| samAnodaka kA tAtparya hai AThavIM pIr3hI se lekara caudahavIM pIr3hI taka kA samAna gotra vAlA, jisake pUrvaja eka hI puruSa pUrvaja ke hoN| gotraja kA artha hai mRta ke hI gotra kA koI sambandhI jo eka hI pUrva se caudahavIM pIr3hI ke uparAnta utpanna huA ho|

Page #160
prArambha ke nava bhAva 1153 vaha hindU-sampradAya se pRthak kara diyA jAtA hai (dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 8) / gautamadharmasUtra (2012) evaM mana (11 / 182-183) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki aise manuSya ko marA huA samajha lenA cAhie aura usake sambandhiyoM ko usake sAre antyeSTi-karma sampAdita kara dene cAhie, yathA -- jala-tarpaNa evaM zrAddha karanA tathA azauca manAnA / 55 bahuta-se TIkAkAroM evaM nibandhoM ne viSNupurANa (3 / 13 / 34-39 ) ke vacana uddhRta kiye haiM, jinameM vyakti kI maraNoparAnta vAlI kriyAe~ nimnalikhita zreNiyoM meM bA~TI gayo haiM; pUrva, madhyama evaM uttara / zavadAha se lekara 12 dinoM taka kI kriyAe~ pUrva, mAsika, sapiNDIkaraNa evaM ekoddiSTa nAmaka zrAddha madhyama tathA ve kriyAe~ jo sapiNDIkaraNa ke uparAnta kI jAtI haiM aura jaba pretayoni ke uparAnta mRta vyakti pitaroM kI zreNI meM A jAtA hai, taba kI kriyAe~ uttara kahalAtI haiN| pUrva evaM madhyama kRtya pitA, mAtA, sapiNDoM, samAnodakoM, sagotroM tathA rAjA dvArA ( jaba vaha mRta kI sampatti kA adhikArI ho jAtA hai) kiye jAte haiM / kintu uttara kRtya kevala putra, pautra, prapautra, dauhitra yA dauhitra ke putra dvArA hI sampAdita hote haiN| striyoM ke lie bhI prati varSa vArSika dina para ekoddiSTa zrAddha-karma kiyA jA sakatA hai| zrAddhoM ko anya prakAra kI zreNiyoM meM bhI bA~TA gayA hai, yathA-navazrAddha ( mRtyu ke pazcAt dasa dinoM ke kRtya ), navamizra aise kRtya ( jo dasa dinoM ke uparAnta chaH RtuoM taka kiye jAte haiM) tathA purANa (aise kRtya jo eka varSa ke uparAnta kiye jAte haiM / ) jaisA ki Upara ullikhita kiyA jA cukA hai, mRtyu ke uparAnta dasa dinoM taka kuzoM para sthApita eka patthara para eka aMjali tilamizrita jala chor3A jAtA hai aura dakSiNAbhimukha ho tathA yajJopavIta ko dAhine kandhe para rakhakara (prAcInAvotI) eka bar3A piNDa (pUraka-piNDa) prati dina kuza para rakhA jAtA hai jisase ki mRta pretayoni se mukta ho sake / piNDa para tila - jala, bhRMgarAja kI pattiyA~ evaM tulasIdala chor3A jAtA hai| isake sAtha 'anAdinidhano devaH zaMkhacakragadAdharaH / akSayyaH puNDarIkAkSaH pretamokSaprado bhava // ' kA pATha kiyA jAtA hai| kartA piNDa ko jala meM chor3akara snAna karatA hai| dasa dinoM kI vidhi ke lie dekhie antyakarmadIpaka ( pR0 43-50 ) evaM antyeSTipaddhati ( nArAyaNakRta ) / isake atirikta AzvalAyanagRhyapariziSTa (3 / 6) ne pA~ca zrAddhakarmoM ke nAma diye haiM, jinheM navazrAddha ( yA viSama zrAddha ) kI saMjJA milI hai aura jo krama se viSama dinoM meM, yathA-- pahale, tIsare, pA~caveM, sAtaveM evaM naveM dina sampAdita hote haiM / inameM binA pakA bhojana diyA jAtA hai| garur3apurANa (pretakhaNDa, 34 / 36 ) ke mata se chaH zrAddha pahale dina se gyArahaveM dina taka viSama dinoM meM hote haiM; Apastamba ke mata se (dharmasindhu pR0 464 nirNayasindhu pR0 588 zuddhiprakAza pR0 214-216; zrAddhatattva, pR0 619) tathA anya logoM ke mata se vikalpa bhI hotA hai| aMgirA evaM vasiSTha ne viSama dinoM meM ( pahale dina se gyArahaveM dina taka ) chaH navazrAddhoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| bau0 pi0 sU0 (221016) ne pAMca kI saMkhyA dI hai| kucha logoM ne brAhmaNa ke hAtha para ghI mizrita bhojana rakhane kI vyavasthA dI hai| kucha loga isakI anumati nahIM dete| kucha loga kisI brAhmaNa ke samakSa yA kuza kI banI brAhmaNa kI AkRti ke samakSa binA pakA anna rakhane kI vyavasthA dete haiN| garur3apurANa (2 / 5 / 67 ) kA kathana hai ki navazrAddha ve zrAddha haiM jo maraNa-sthala, zavayAtrA ke vizrAmasthala para evaM asthisaMcayana karate samaya sampAdita hote haiM tathA 5veM, 7veM, 9veM, 10 veM tathA 11veM dina taka kiye jAte haiM / zuddhiprakAza ( pR0 214 ) ne aise hI mata kAtyAyana evaM vRddha vasiSTha se uddhRta kiye haiM aura kahA hai ki mRta vyakti taba taka pretAvasthA se mukta nahIM hotA jaba taka navazrAddha sampAdita na ho jaayeN| garur3apurANa ( pretakhaMDa 34 / 27-28, 44, 48 ) kA kathana hai ki dasa dinoM ke piNDoM se mRtAtmA ke sUkSma zarIra ke katipaya aMga bana jAte haiM, kyoMki sarvaprathama pretAtmA 55. tasya vidyAgurUn yonisambaddhAMzca saMnipAtya sarvANyudakAdIni pretakAryANi kuryuH / gautamadharmasUtra (2012) /

Page #161
1154 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa sUkSma vAyu meM hI saMtaraNa karatA rahatA hai| navazrAddhoM ke viSaya meM bahuta-se siddhAnta haiM, jinheM hama sthAnAbhAva se yahA~ nahIM de rahe haiN| navazrAddhoM ke viSama dinoM meM do piNDa diye jAte haiM, eka prati dina kA aura dUsarA navazrAddha kaa| padmapurANa (sRSTikhaNDa, 10119) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki navazrAddhoM ke antargata bhojana nahIM karanA cAhie, nahIM to aisA karane para cAndrAyaNa vrata karanA par3atA hai| Adhunika kAla meM zavadAha ke prathama dina kI kriyAoM tathA asthisaMcayana kI kriyAoM ke pazcAt matAtmA ke lie sAmAnyataH dasaveM dina kriyAe~ prArambha hotI haiN| kartA usa sthAna para jAtA hai jahA~ prathama dina ke kRtya sampAdita hue the, vahA~ vaha saMkalpa karatA hai aura piNDa dete samaya yaha kahatA hai-'yaha piNDa usa vyakti ke pAsa jAya, jisakA yaha . . nAma hai, yaha . . gotra hai, jisase ki preta ko satAne vAlI bhUkha evaM pyAsa miTa jaay|' isake uparAnta vaha tilajala detA hai| muMgarAja evaM tulasI ke dala rakhatA hai aura 'anAdinidhanaH' Adi kA pATha karatA hai, isake uparAnta piNDa ko usa sthAna se haTA detA hai| isake uparAnta vaha murabhurI miTTI se eka trikoNAtmaka vedikA banAtA hai, gobara se usakA zuddhIkaraNa karatA hai, haldI ke cUrNa se saMvAratA hai aura usa para jalapUrNa pA~ca ghar3e rakhatA hai, unameM pratyeka para bhAta kA eka piNDa rakhatA hai / isake uparAnta vaha madhya ke ghar3e kI prArthanA karatA hai-'yaha piNDa jalapUrNa pAtra ke sAtha isa nAma evaM isa gotra vAle mRtAtmA ke pAsa jAya jisase usakI bhUkha evaM pyAsa miTa ske|' pUrva, dakSiNa, pazcima evaM uttara ke ghar3oM ke samakSa bhI prArthanA kI jAtI hai, isI prakAra una logoM ke lie mI jinheM preta ne mitra banAyA thA tathA yama, kauoM evaM ruMdra ke lie prArthanA kI jAtI hai| yahAM para kucha bhinna mata bhI haiM; kucha loga cAra aura kucha loga tIna ghar3oM kA ullekha karate haiM aura kucha loga preta ke lie nizcita sthala para eka ghar3e ke jala ke sAtha piNDa dene kI bAta kahate haiM aura anyoM ko kevala piNDa dene kI vyavasthA dete haiN| isake uparAnta piNDa para jala diyA jAtA hai aura uparyukta sabhI para candana, chatra, jhaMDA, roTI rakhI jAtI hai| isake pazcAt pazcima meM rakhe piNDa ko jaba taka koI kauA le nahIM jAtA yA khA nahIM letA taba taka kartA rukA rahatA hai| taba azmA (patthara) para tela lagAyA jAtA hai aura use jala meM pheMka diyA jAtA hai| isake uparAnta kartA sambandhiyoM se prArthanA karatA hai, aura ve eka aMjali yA do aMjali jala jalAzaya ke taTa para preta ko dete haiN| isake pazcAt paramparA ke anusAra putra tathA anya loga bAla evaM nakha kaTAte haiN| taba paramparA ke anusAra eka gotra ke sabhI loga tila evaM tiSyaphalA se snAna karate haiM, pavitra evaM sUkhe vastra dhAraNa karate haiM, ghara jAte haiM aura apanA mojana karate haiN| kucha purANoM evaM nibandhoM kA kathana hai ki jaba vyakti mara jAtA hai to AtmA AtivAhika" zarIra dhAraNa 56. Adhunika kAla meM kaue dvArA piNDa-bhojana ko chUne yA usa para coMca lagAne para bar3A mahattva diyA jAtA hai| aisA vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki yadi kauA piNDa ko nahIM chUtA to mRtAtmA marate samaya koI balavatI abhikAMkSA rakhatA thA aura vaha pUrNa nahIM huii| jaba koI kauA piNDa zIghra hI chU letA hai to aisI sthiti meM sambandhI aisA anubhava karate haiM ki unake mRta sambandhI kI sArI abhilASAeM pUrNa ho cukI thIM! zuddhikaumudI (pR0 135) ne kAkabalivAna kI prathA kI ora saMketa kiyA hai tathAcArAt kAkabalidAnam / piNDazeSamannaM pAtre kRtvA amukagotrasya pretasyAmukazarmaNo vizeSatRptaye yamadvAropasthitavAyasAya eSa balina mama ityutsRjya kRtAJjaliH-kAka svaM yamadUtosi gRhANa balimuttamam / yamalokagataM pretaM tvamApyAyayitumarhasi // kAkAya kAkapuruSAya vAyasAya mahAtmane / tumyaM baliM prayacchAmi pretasya tRptihetve|| 57. tatkSaNAdeva galAti zarIramAtivAhikam / UdhvaM vrajanti bhUtAni zroNyasmAttasya vigrahAn // Ati

Page #162
bAtmA ke sUkma beha 1155 kara letA hai, jisameM pAMca tatvoM meM aba kevala tIna tatva baca rahate haiM, arthAt agni, vAyu evaM AkAza baca rahate haiM, jo zarIra se Upara uTha jAte haiM aura pRthivI evaM jala nIce raha jAte haiN| aisA zarIra kevala manuSya hI dhAraNa karate haiM anya jIva nhiiN| dasa dina taka jo piNDa diye jAte haiM (zavadAha ke samaya se lekara ) unase AtmA eka dUsarA zarIra dhAraNa kara letA hai jise bhogaveha (vaha zarIra jo diye hue piNDa kA bhoga karatA hai) kahA jAtA hai| varSa ke anta meM jaba sapiNDIkaraNa hotA hai, AtmA eka tIsarA zarIra dhAraNa kara letA hai jisake dvArA karmoM ke anusAra svarga yA naraka ko jAtA hai| dekhie vedAntasUtra (134, AtivAhikastalligAt), kintu yahA~ artha kucha dUsarA hai| upaniSadoM ne AtmA ko aciyoM, dina Adi ke mArga se jAte hue kahA hai| sUtra kA kathana hai ki ye (aciyA~, ahaH Adi) adh rUpI devatA haiM jo AtmA ko kramazaH mArga dvArA Upara brahmA kI ora le jAte haiN| prAyazcittaviveka kI TIkA meM govindAnanda ne (pR. 13-14) kevala do zarIroM kA (tIna nahIM, jaisA ki prathama dRSTi se prakaTa hotA hai), arthAt AtivAhika yA pretadeha aura bhogaveha kA ullekha kiyA hai| aisA vizvAsa thA ki jisa mRta vyakti ke lie piNDa nahIM diye jAte yA jisake lie 16 zrAddha (jinakA varNana Age hogA)nahIM kiye jAte, vaha sadA ke lie pizAca kI sthiti meM rahatA hai| jisase vaha Age agaNita zrAddhoM ke karane se bhI chuTakArA nahIM prApta kara sktaa| brahmapurANa ne isa zarIra kI sthiti ko yAtanIya (vaha jo kaSToM evaM yAtanAoM ko pAtA hai) kahA hai, kintu agnipurANa ne ise yAtanIya yA AtivAhika kI saMjJA dI hai aura kahA hai ki yaha zarIra AkAza, vAyu evaM teja se banatA hai| padmapurANa (2 / 67 / 98) kA kathana hai ki jo vyakti kucha pApa karate haiM, ve mRtyu ke uparAnta bhautika zarIra ke samAna hI duHkha bhogane ke lie eka zarIra pAte haiN| antanihita dhAraNA yaha rahI hai ki jaba taka mRtAtmA punaH zarIrI rUpa meM AvirbhUta nahIM hotA, taba taka sthUla zarIra ko dAha, bhUmi meM bAhikasaMzo'sau beho bhavati bhArgava / kevalaM tanmanuSyANAM nAnyeSAM prANinAM kvacit / / pretapiNDastato dattairdehamApnoti bhArgava / bhogadehamiti proktaM kramAdeva na sNshyH||pretpinnddaa na dIyante yasya tasya vimokSaNam / zmAzAnikebhyo devebhya Akalpa naiva vidyte|| tatrAsya yAtanA ghorAH shiitvaataatpodbhvaaH| tataH sapiNDIkaraNe bAndhavaiH sa kRte nrH| pUrNa saMvatsare dehamatonyaM pratipadyate // tataH sa narake yAti svarge vA svena karmaNA // viSNudharmottarapurANa (prAya0 vi0, pR0 13-14 evaM zuddhitasva, pR0 324) / govindAnanda ne 'trINi bhUtAni' ko 'pRthivyaptejAMsi' ke artha meM liyA hai aura isa prakAra raghunandana se matameva upasthita kiyA hai| garur3a purANa (pretakhaNDa, 1079) ne bhI yahI bAta kahI hai-'utkAmanta....mAnacakSuSaH ||aativaahikmityevN vAyavIyaM vadanti hi|...putraadibhiH kRtAzcetsyuH piNDA daza dshaahikaaH| pimajena tu behena vAyujazcakatA vrajet / piNDato yadi naiva syAdvAyujorhati yAtanAm // ' prathama padya gItA kA hai (15|10)brhm ne kahA hai-vihAya sumahatkRtsnaM zarIraM paanycbhautikm| anyaccharIramAdatte yAtanIyaM svakarmajam // ... svazarIraM samutsRjya vAyubhUtastu gacchati / (214129-30 evaM 51); nimittaM kiMcidAsAdya dehI praavimucyte| bhanyaccharIramAvase yAtanIyaM svkrmbhiH|| agnipurANa (230 / 2-3); gRhNAti tatkSaNAdyoge zarIraM cAtivAhikam / bhAkAzavAyutejAMsi vigrhaaduurdhvgaaminH|| jalaM mahI ca paJcatvamApannaH puruSaH smRtH| AtivAhikadehaM tu yamadUtA nayanti tam // agni0 (371 / 9-10) / mArkaNDeya0 (10 / 63-64) kA kathana hai--'vAyvagrasArI tadrUpaM dehamanya prpcte| tarakarmajaM yAtanArya na mAtApitRsambhavam / ' 58. yasyatAni na dIyante pretabhAvAni ssoddsh| pizAcatvaM dhruvaM tasya dattaH zrAddhazatairapi // yama (zrAddhakriyA kaumudI, pR0 362 evaM prA0 vi0 pR0 14 para ttvaarthkaumudii)| yahI padya likhitasmRti (5 / 16) evaM garuDapurANa (pretasamma, 34 // 131) meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| 73

Page #163
1156 panazAstra kA itihAsa gAr3ane yA anya vidhi se naSTa kara dene ke uparAnta eka sUkSma rUpa dhAraNa karanA par3atA thaa| sUkSma zarIra kA nirmANa kramazaH hotA hai (mArkaNDeyapurANa 10 / 73) aura yaha mRtyu ke uparAnta bahuta dinoM ke kRtyoM ke uparAnta hI milatA hai| yadyapi aisI dhAraNA spaSTa rUpa se purANoM meM vyakta kI gayI hai, kintu aisA nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki yaha sarvathA navIna dhAraNA hai| isakI ora saMketa Arambhika vaidikakAla meM ho cukA thA (R0 10 / 15 / 14; 10 / 16 / 4-5, jinakA anuvAda isa adhyAya meM ho cukA hai)| yadyapi tai0 saM0 (138 / 5 / 1-2) evaM tai0 bA0 tathA zata0 sAla meM kahA gayA hai ki pUrvaja pitR-puruSoM ko AhutiyA~ dI jAtI haiM, kintu isase yaha niSkarSa nahIM nikalatA hai ki unake nimitta banA huA bhojana brAhmaNoM ko khAne ke lie nahIM diyA jAtA, kyoMki vaidika yajJoM meM jaba agni, indra, prajApati, viSNu Adi devatAoM ko AhutiyAM dI jAtI haiM to yajJa meM niyukta purohitoM ko bhojana evaM meTeM (dakSiNA) dI jAtI haiN| ataH aisA nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki zrAddha ke samaya brahmabhoja pazcAtkAlIna dhAraNA hai aura mRta ko AhutiyoM yA piNDoM ke rUpa meM bhojana denA maulika dhAraNA yA prAcIna vidhi hai|

Page #164
adhyAya 8 zuddhi zuddhi ke antargata (janma-maraNa ke samaya ke) azauca ; kisI apavitra vastu ke sparza se tathA kucha ghaTanAoM ke kAraNa utpanna apavitratA, pAtroM (baratanoM), kUpa, bhojana Adi kI zuddhi kA vivecana hotA hai| zuddhi ke antargata nabIca kA sabase adhika mahattva hai, isI se zuddhikaumudI (pR0 1) ne zuddhi kI paribhASA yoM dI hai-'vedabodhita-karhitA zuvi' arthAt 'veda se bodhita kRtyoM ke sampAdana kI dazA yA unheM karane kI yogyatA kI sthiti zuddhi hai|' smRtiyA~ 'zuddhi zabda ko azauca ke uparAnta kI zuddhi ke artha meM letI haiN| manu (5 / 57) ne yaha kahate hue isakA Arambha kiyA hai ki hama pretazuddhi evaM dravyazuddhi kI vyAkhyA kreNge| punaH manu (5|83=dkss 6 / 7) meM AyA hai ki brAhmaNa (kisI sambandhI ke janma yA maraNa para) 10 dinoM ke uparAnta zuddha hotA hai, kSatriya 12 dinoM ke uparAnta, aadi| parAzarasmRti meM tRtIya adhyAya kA Arambha isa ghoSaNA se huA hai-'maiM janma evaM maraNa se sambandhita zuddhi kI vyAkhyA kruuNgaa|' yAjJa0 (3314125) meM bhI 'zuddhi' zabda prayukta huA hai| ataH hama sarvaprathama janma-maraNa se utpanna azauca kA varNana kreNge| pANini (51131 evaM 7 / 3 / 30) ke mata se azauca yA Azauca zabda 'na' (a) niSedhArthaka avyaya se saMyukta 'zuci se nirmita huA hai| kucha smRtiyoM (yathA devalasmRti) meM 'Azucya' zabda bhI prayukta huA hai (hAralatA, pR0 2 / 9 evaM 36) / 'Azauca' kA eka anya paryAya zabda 'agha' hai| vaidika sAhitya (R0 119741-8 evaM 10111746) meM 'agha' kA artha hai 'paap'| kintu zAMkhAyana zrI0 (4 / 15 / 11) evaM manu (5 / 84 'na vardhayedaghAhAni') meM 'apa' kA artha 'Azauca' hI hai| padmapurANa (2066 / 73-74) kA kathana hai ki zarIra azuddha hai kyoMki isase mala, mUtra Adi nikalatA rahatA hai| mitA. (yAjJa0 31) ne Azauca ko puruSagata Azauca kahA hai, jo kAla, snAna Adi se dUra hotA hai, jo mata ko piNDa, jala Adi dene kA pramukha kAraNa hai aura jo vaidika adhyApana tathA anya kRtyoM ko chor3ane kA kAraNa banatA hai| mitAkSarA kA kathana hai ki Azauca dhArmika karma karane ke adhikAra yA yogyatA ke abhAva kA dyotaka mAtra nahIM hai, kyoMki una logoM ko, jo janma yA maraNa para azuddha ho gaye haiM, jala-tarpaNa Adi dhArmika kRtya karane hI par3ate haiN| sambhavataH mitAkSarA kI yaha vyAkhyA garuDapurANa (pretakhaNDa, 5 / 9) kI pratidhvani hai aura sambhavataH 'saMgraha' nAmaka grantha ke eka vAkya para AdhArita hai| haravatta (gautama0 14.1) ne 'Azauca' ko dhArmika karmoM ke sampAdana ke adhikAra kI 1. igatAca laghupUti (pA0 53111317 mA anuvartate)-zucerbhAvaH karma yA zaucam / na zaucama mazaucam / isa zamna kI vyAkhyA kA yaha eka rUpa hai| hama yoM bhI kaha sakate haiM-na zuci azuci, azucerbhAvaH karmaca mAzocaM bA azocam (belie pA0 7||3||30=mmH shuciishvrkssetrjnykushlnipunnaanaam)| 2. banane marane nitpmaashunymnumaavti| revala (hAralatA, pR0 2); AzujyaM dazarAtraM tu sarvatrApyapare cituH| revala (mRddhi, pR01)|

Page #165
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa hInatA, amojyAnatA (aisI sthiti jisameM kisI kA bhojana khAne ke ayogya samajhA jAya), aspRzyatA evaM dAnAdi dene kI anadhikAritA ke artha meM liyA hai| apekSAkRta eka pUrva lekhaka bhaTTAcArya ne 'zuddhi' ko 'pApa kSaya karane yA dhArmika karma karane kI yogyatA ke artha meM liyA hai| smRticandrikA ne ise mAna liyA hai kintu SaDazIti (pR0 2 // 3) ke TIkAkAra nanda paNDita ne isa paribhASA ko asvIkRta kara diyA hai| mitA0 (yAjJa0 3318) ne bhI 'Azauca' kI do vizeSatAeM batAyI haiM; yaha dhArmika kRtyoM ke sampAdana kA adhikAra chIna letA hai tathA yaha vyakti ko aspRzya banA detA hai| smRtimuktAphala ne isa vyAkhyA kA anumodana kiyA hai| apane zuddhiviveka meM rudradhara ne kahA hai ki zuddhi vaha vizeSatA hai jo sabhI dharmoM ke sampAdana kI yogyatA yA adhikAra pradAna karatI hai aura 'azuddhi vaha vizeSatA hai jo 'zuddhi' kI virodhI hai aura jo kisI sapiNDa ke janma Adi ke avasara se utpanna hotI hai| Azauca ke do prakAra haiM; janma se utpanna, jise jananAzauca yA sUtaka kahA jAtA hai, tathA maraNa se utpanna, jise zAvAzauca, mRtakAzauca yA maraNAzauca kahA jAtA hai|' 'zAva' zabda 'zava' se banA hai| 'sUtaka' zabda aitareya brAhmaNa (32 / 8) meM AyA hai aura sambhavataH vahA~ yaha janma evaM maraNa se utpanna azuddhi kA dyotaka hai| vahA~ aisA AyA hai ki AhitAgni sUtaka se prabhAvita kisI vyakti ke ghara kA bhojana kara letA hai, to use tantumAn agni ke lie ATha kapAloM para banA huA puroDAza Ahuti rUpa meM dene kA prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai| 'tantu' kA artha hai 'santati yA putra', ataH yaha tarka upasthita kiyA jA sakatA hai ki aitareya brAhmaNa meM 'sUtaka' zabda janma se utpanna azuddhi kI ora saMketa karatA hai| 'sUtaka' zabda smRtiyoM meM tIna arthoM meM likhita huA hai; (1) janma ke samaya kI azuddhi (manu 5 / 58), (2) janma evaM maraNa para azuddhi (gobhila0 3 / 60 eva 63) evaM (3) kevala maraNa kI hI azuddhi (dakSa 6 / 1 evaM gomila0 3 / 48) / ____ eka prazna upasthita hotA hai-janma evaM maraNa para Azauca yA azuddhi kula ke sadasyoM evaM sambandhiyoM para kyoM AtI hai ? isa prazna para bahuta kama logoM ne vicAra kiyA hai| hArIta kA kathana hai-kula ko maraNAzIca hotA hai, kyoMki maraNa se vaha abhibhUta (dukhI evaM nirAza hotA hai aura jaba koI nayA jIvana prakaTa hotA hai to kulavRddhi hotI hai aura taba santuSTi yA Ananda prApta hotA hai| ___ Azauca aura zuddhi para bahuta vistRta sAhitya pAyA jAtA hai| sUtroM, smRtiyoM evaM purANoM ke atirikta bahuta-se aise nibandha haiM jinhoMne isa para vistAra ke sAtha likhA hai| kucha nibandha prakAzita bhI haiN| smRtiyoM meM isa viSaya meM 3. AzaucaM dvividhaM karmAnadhikAralakSaNaM spRzyatvalakSaNaM ca / smRtimu. (pR0 477) / 4. tadAhurya AhitAgniryadi sUtakAnaM prAznIyAkA tatra praayshcittiriti| so'gnaye tantumate'STAkapAlaM purogAzaM nirvapettasya yAjyAnuvAkye tantuM samvan rajaso bhAnumanviAkSAnaho nadyatanota somyA iti / Ahuti bAhavanIye juhuyAdagnaye tantumate svaaheti| ai0 bA0 (3238) / 'tantuM tanvan' evaM 'akSAnahA' krama se Rgveda kI 1053 // 6 evaM 10.5337 RcAeM haiN| 5. sUtake karmaNAM syAgaH sandhyAdInAM vidhiiyte| homaH zrautastu kartavyaH zuSkAnenApi vA phlaiH|| gobhila smRti, jise chandogapariziSTa kahA jAtA hai (hAralatA, pR0 6, zu0 kau0 evaM bhAvapra0 0 83) / sUtakaM tu prabakyAmi jnmmRtyunimittkm| yAvajjIvaM tRtIyaM tu ythaavdnupuurvshH|| dakSa (631); asthnAmalAbhe pArNAni shklaanyuptyaavRtaa| bharjayedasthisaMkhyAni tataHprabhRti sUtakam // gobhila. (3 / 48) / antima kA cauthA pAra hAralatA (pR0 2) dvArA uddhRta hai|

Page #166
mAzauca (bhUtaka) nirNaya vibhinna mata pAye jAte haiM aura ve madhya kAla kI paramparAoM se itane bhinna haiM ki mitAkSarA (yAjJa0 3 / 22) ne cAroM vargoM ke lie Azauca se sambandhita avadhiyoM ko parAzara, zAtAtapa, vasiSTha evaM aMgirA se uddhata kara unakA krama baiThAne meM asamarthatA prakaTa kI hai aura udghoSa kiyA hai ki usake samaya kI prathAoM evaM RSiyoM ke AdezoM meM bhinnatA hai|'mdnpaarijaat (pR0 392) mitAkSarA kA samarthana karatA hai aura isa virodha se haTane kI anya vidhiyAM upasthita karatA hai| vibhinna smRtiyoM ne eka hI samasyA ko kisa prakAra liyA hai, isake viSaya meM do udAharaNa diye jA sakate haiN| atri (83), parAzara (35) evaM dakSa (6 / 6) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki vaidika agnihotrI brAhmaNa evaM vaha brAhmaNa jisane veda para aSika. prApta kara liyA hai, janma-maraNa ke Azauca se eka dina meM mukta ho sakatA hai| jisane veda para to adhikAra prApta kara liyA hai, kintu zrautAgniyAM nahIM sthApita kI haiM, vaha tIna dinoM meM tathA jisane donoM nahIM kiye haiM, vaha dasa dinoM meM mukta hotA hai / manu (5 / 59) ne kaI vikalpa yA chUTeM dI haiM, yathA 10 dina, 4 dina, 3 dina evaM eka dina, kintu yaha nahIM vyakta kiyA hai ki ye avadhiyA~ kinake lie haiN| bahaspati (hAralatA, pR05, haradatta, gautama0 ke 14 / 1 kI TIkA meM) ke mata se vedajJa evaM AhitAgni tIna dinoM meM zuddha ho jAtA hai, vedajJa kintu zrautAgnihIna pAMca dinoM meM tathA vaha jo kevala brAhmaNa hai (arthAt na to agnihotrI hai aura na vedajJa yA zrotriya hai) 10 dinoM meM zuddha hotA hai| zAMkhA0 zrI0 evaM manu ne dRDhatApUrvaka kahA hai ki Azauca ke dinoM ko Alasya dvArA bar3hAnA nahIM cAhie (manu 5 / 84) / yaha sambhava hai ki zrotriya loga azuddhi bahuta kama dinoM taka manAne lage hoM aura unake par3osI loga unake isa adhikAra ko mAnane ko sannaddha na hue hoM, ataeva Age calakara sabhI ke lie 10 dinoM kI azuddhi kI vyavasthA kara dI gayI, cAhe loga vidvAn hoM yA na hoM aura azuddhi-sambandhI chUTa kalivoM meM gina lI gayI (dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 3, adhyAya 34) / ____ azuddhi ke dina jAti para bhI AdhArita the, kintu isa viSaya meM bhI vibhinna mata milate haiN| manu (5 / 83), dakSa (67), yAjJa0 (3 / 22), atri (85), zaMkha (15 / 2-3), matsyapurANa (1802-3), brahmapurANa (220163), viSNu0 (22 / 1-4) Adi ne brAhmaNoM, kSatriyoM, vaizyoM evaM zUdroM ke lie kama se 10, 12, 15 evaM eka mAsa kI azuddhi kI vyavasthA dI hai| yAjJa0 (3 / 22) ne sadAcArI zUdra ke lie kevala 15 dinoM kI azuddhi-avadhi dI hai| gautama0 (15 / 1-4) ne cAroM vargoM ke lie krama se 10, 11, 12 (yA 15 dina) evaM eka mAsa kI AzaucAvadhi dI hai, kintu vasiSTha (4 / 27-30) ne krama se 10, 15, 20 evaM eka mAsa kI avadhiyA~ dI haiN| sva0 pro0 DI0 Ara0 bhaNDArakara ne apane "nAgara brAhmaNa evaM baMgAla ke kAyasthoM" ke viSaya ke eka lekha meM virodha prakaTa kiyA hai ki kAyasthoM ko (sAmAjika atyAcAra ke kAraNa) aba bhI eka mAsa kA Azauca rakhanA par3atA hai, mAno ve sAdhAraNa zUdra haiM (iNDiyana aiNTikverI, 1932, pR071)| dUsarI ora aMgirA (mitA0, yAjJa0 3 / 22) ne zAtAtapa kA mata prakAzita kiyA hai ki sabhI varNa 10 dinoM meM Azauca se nivRtta ho jAte haiM, cAhe vaha Azauca janma ke kAraNa ho yA maraNa se utpanna huA ho| yaha avalokanIya hai ki baMgAla ko chor3akara bhArata ke adhikAMza sabhI bhAgoM meM zUdroM evaM anya vargoM meM mRtyu kA Azauca kevala dasa dinoM kA manAyA jAtA hai| parAzara0 (3 / 97, mitA0, yAjJa0 3 / 18) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki eka hI pUrvaja kI cauthI pIr3hI meM eka sapiNDa 10 dinoM meM zuddha ho jAtA hai, pAMcavIM pIr3hI vAlA 6 dinoM meM, chaThI pIr3hI vAlA 4 dinoM meM aura sAtavIM pIr3hI 6. ityevamanekoccAvacAzaucakalpA drshitaaH| teSAM loke samAcArAbhAvAnAtIva vyavasthApradarzanamupayogIti nAtra vyavasthA prdrshyte| mitA0 (3 / 22); lokasamAcArAdanAdaraNIyamiti kecana / athavA dezAcArato vyvsthaa| uta guNavavaguNavadviSaye yathAkrama nyUnAdhikakalpAzrayeNa nirvaahH| kiMvA ApadanApabhedena vyvsthaa| sadanapAri0 (pR. 392) /

Page #167
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa vAlA eka dina meM zuddha ho jAtA hai| mitAkSarA kA kathana hai ki hameM yaha asvIkRta kara denA cAhie, kyoMki yaha anya smRtiyoM ke virodha meM par3a jAtA hai aura loga isakA anumodana nahIM krte| mitAkSarA ke lekhaka vijJAnezvara (lagabhaga 1100 I0) ke bahuta se varNita niyama 500 varSoM ke uparAnta parivartita ho gaye, jaisA ki nirNayasindha (san 1612 I0 meM praNIta) ne kahA hai| mitAkSarA (yAjJa0 3.18) ne ghoSita kiyA hai ki jaba do varSa se kama avasthA kA baccA bhara jAtA hai to kevala mAtA-pitA 10 dinoM kA Azauca karate haiM aura ve loga anya sapiNDoM ke lie aspRzya hote haiN| nirNayasindhu (pR0 517) ne likhA hai ki usake samaya meM vijJAnezvara kI bAteM lokAcAra ke viruddha par3a gayIM, isI prakAra smRtyarthasAra ne bhI vijJAnezvara kI bAteM nahIM mAnI haiN| uparyakta paristhiti ke kAraNa smRtiyoM, purANoM evaM nibandhoM meM varNita bAtoM ko lekara Azauca ke antargata bahuta se viSayoM ke bAre meM kucha vizeSa kahanA upayogI siddha nahIM hogaa| isa viSaya meM bahuta-se nibandhoM kA praNayana huA hai| nimnalikhita vivecana ke lie nimna nibandhoM kA sahArA liyA gayA hai-prathamataH ve nibandha haiM jo padya meM haiN| AzaucASTaka (vararuci dvArA likhita) ne ATha sragdharA zlokoM meM isa viSaya para likhA hai| isake eka ajJAta TIkAkAra haiM jinhoMne gautamadharmasUtra ke maskarI nAmaka bhASyakAra kI carcA 1035 para kI hai| Azaucadazaka yA dazazlokI nAmaka pustaka, jo vijJAnezvara kI likhI huI kahI jAtI hai, bar3I prasiddha rahI hai| isa para bhI bahuta-sI TIkAe~ haiM, harihara vAlI TIkA sabase prAcIna hai| bhaNDArakara oriyaNTala insTITyUTa (pUnA) kI pANDulipiyoM ke saMgraha meM isakI kaI pratiyA~ haiM, jinameM do saMvat 1539 evaM 1579 meM likhI gayI thIM, inameM yaha spaSTa rUpa se likhA hai ki yaha grantha vijJAnezvara-yogIndra kA likhA huA hai| lakSmIdhara ke kalpataru meM zuddhi para eka adhyAya hai| smRticandrikA kA AzaucakANDa sva. DA0 zAma zAstrI dvArA sampAdita huA hai (maisUra yUni0 saMskRta-prakAzana, saM0 56) / raghunAtha kI TIkA ke sAtha triMzacchlokI meM Azauca para 30 sragdharA chanda haiN| kauzikAditya kI SaDazIti (anuSTup chanda meM 86 padya) vinAyaka urpha nanda paNDita (san 1600 I0 ke lagabhaga) kI zuddhicandrikA nAmaka TIkA ke sAtha caukhambhA (vArANasI) se prakAzita huI hai| isI prakAra zuddhikaumadI (govindAnanda kRta), raghunandana kRta zuddhitattva, zuddhiprakAza (mitra mizra ke vIramitrodaya kA eka aMza), nIlakaNTha kA zuddhimayUkha evaM vaidyanAtha kA smRtimuktAphala anya upayogI grantha haiN| itane granthoM ke praNayana se vidita hotA hai ki madhya kAla ke brAhmaNa janma evaM maraNa se utpanna Azauca ko atIva mahattva dete the| AzaucAvadhiyA~ kaI prakAra kI paristhitiyoM para AdhArita thiiN| janma evaM maraNa kI azuddhi meM bhinnatA mAnI gayI thii| isI prakAra mRta kI avasthA, arthAt vaha zizu hai yA puruSa hai yA strI hai, AzaucAvadhi ke lie parigaNita hotI thii| itanA hI nahIM, AzaucAvadhi mRta ke upanayana-saMskAra se yukta hone yA na hone para bhI nirbhara thii| yaha jAti para bhI AdhArita thI aura yaha bhI dekhA jAtA thA ki mRtyu sambandhI ke pAsa huI hai yA kahIM duur| yaha sambandhI kI dUrI para bhI. nirmara thI, aura yaha bhI dekhA jAtA thA ki kitane dinoM ke pazcAt janma yA mRtyu kA samAcAra sambandhI ke kAnoM taka phuNcaa| nimna bAtoM meM azuddhi kI tIvratA vibhinna rUpoM meM dekhI jAtI thI-sUtikA (hAla meM baccA janI huI nArI), rajasvalA, maraNAzuddhi, janmAzuddhi (antima meM tIvratA kama mAnI jAtI thii)| dakSa (5 / 2-3) ne Azauca ke dasa bheda batAye haiM, yathA-tAtkAlika zauca vAlA (kevala snAna karane se samApta), eka dina, tIna dina, cAra dina, chaH dina, dasa dina, bAraha dina, eka pakSa, eka mAsa evaM jIvana bhr| dakSa ne ina sabhI 7. sadyaHzaucaM tthaikaahsyhshcturhstthaa| Sar3avazadvAdazAhAzca pakSo mAsastathaiva c| maraNAntaM tathA

Page #168
jananAzauca evaM maraNAzIca 1161 AzaucAvadhiyoM ko samajhAyA hai| maraNAnta Azauca ( vaha Azauca jo jalakara bhasma ho jAne taka cale ) ke viSaya meM dakSa ( 6 / 8-10 ) kA kathana hai ki jo loga binA snAna kiye bhojana karate haiM yA binA devAhuti diye yA binA dAna diye aisA karate haiM ve jIvana bhara Azauca meM rahate haiN| jo vyAdhita (sadA ke lie rogI) hai, kadarya (lobhI, arthAt jo dhana ke lobha se apane lie, patnI, putra evaM dhArmika kRtyoM ke lie vyaya nahIM karatA) hai, RNI (jisane devoM, RSiyoM evaM pitaroM kA RNa nahIM cukAyA ho) hai, kriyAhIna ( nitya evaM naimittika dhArmika kRtyoM se cyuta) hai, mUrkha hai aura apanI patnI kI muTThI meM hai, vyasanAsakta-citta (juArI, vezyAgAmI Adi ) hai, nitya parAdhIna (rAjA kA naukara Adi) hai tathA zraddhAtyAga - vihIna ( jo avizvAsI yA adhArmika evaM dayA- dAkSiNya se hIna) hai, vaha maraNAnta yA bhasmAnta ( bhasma ho jAne arthAt mara jAne ke uparAnta citA para rAkha ho jAne ) taka azuddha rahatA hai|' ina zabdoM ko yathAzruta zAbdika artha meM nahIM lenA cAhie; kevala itanA hI samajhanA cAhie ki isa prakAra ke logoM kA saMsarga nahIM karanA cAhie ( arthAt yaha kevala arthavAda hai jo bhartsanA mAtra prakaTa karatA hai) / aba hama janma hone para utpanna Azauca kA varNana kreNge| vaidika kAla meM bhI janma para sUtaka manAyA jAtA thA aura vaha dasa dinoM taka calatA thA / dekhie aitareya brAhmaNa ( 33 / 2) meM varNita zunaHzepa kI gAthA, jahA~ eka ukti AyI hai; 'jaba pazu dasa dinoM kA ho jAtA hai to vaha zuddha mAnA jAtA hai ( aura yajJa meM bali ke yogya ho jAtA hai) / ' aura dekhie taittirIya brAhmaNa (2|1|1|3) jahA~ AyA hai- 'ataH bachar3A utpanna ho jAne para loga gAya kA dUdha dasa dinoM taka nahIM grahaNa karate / " garbha ke uparAnta cAra mahInoM ke garbha girane ko strAva kahA jAtA hai, pA~caveM yA chaThe mahIne ke garbha girane ko pAta tathA sAtaveM yA isake pazcAt ke mahInoM ke garbha girane ko prasUti yA prasava kahA jAtA hai (parAzara, 3 / 16 evaM SaDazIti, zloka 9) / srAva meM mAtA ko tIna dinoM kA sUtaka lagatA hai, pAta meM utane hI dinoM kA sUtaka lagatA hai jitane mahInoM pazcAt vaha hotA hai (5 yA 6 dinoM kA) / yaha Azauca mAtA ko na chUne taka hai, srAva meM kevala pitA ko bhI azuddhi lagatI hai kintu pAta meM pitA ke sAtha sapiNDoM ko bhI tIna dinoM taka (dekhie madanapArijAta, pR0 380 - 381) sUtaka lagatA hai| kintu yaha mRtyu kI azuddhi ke samAna nahIM hai| ye niyama sabhI varNoM meM samAna haiN| kintu yadi sAtaveM mAsa ke uparAnta kabhI bhI bhrUNa marA huA nikalatA hai to sabhI varNoM meM azuddhi pitA tathA sapiNDoM ke lie dasa dinoM kI yA yAza0 (3 / 22) ke mata se cAroM varNoM meM krama se 10, 12, 15 evaM 30 dinoM kI hotI hai, kintu samAnodaka loga kevala cAmyada, vaza pakSAstu sUtake / dakSa ( 6 / 2-3 ) / dekhie vizvarUpa (yAjJa0 3 / 30; kalpataru (zuddhi, pR0 5 ) ; aparArka ( 10 894 ) ; parA0 mA0 (112, pR0 207 ) / 8. asnAtvA cApyahutvA ca hyabasvA ye tu bhuJjate / evaMvidhAnAM sarveSAM yAvajjIvaM tu sUtakam // vyASitasya kavaryasya RNagrastasya sarvadA / kriyAhInasya mUrkhasya strIjitasya vizeSataH / vyasanAsaktacittasya parAdhInasya nityazaH / bhAtyAgavihInasya bhasmAntaM sUtakaM bhaveta // dakSa ( 6 / 8-10 ; vizvarUpa, yAjJa0 3 / 30; kalpatara, zuddhi, pR0 15; hAralatA, pu0 14; aparArka, pR0 893) / SaDazIti kA antima zloka uparyukta prathama zloka ke samAna hI hai| kUrmapurANa (uttara, 23 9) ne vyavasthA dI hai-- 'kriyAhInasya mUrkhasya mahArogiNa eva ca / yatheSTAcaraNasyeha maraNAntamazaucakam // ' ( hAralatA, pu0 15) / 9. ajani vaM te putro yajasva mA'neneti / sa hovAca yadA vai pazunirvazo bhavatyatha sa medhyo bhavati / ai0 vA0 (9313) 1 asancesi oni zurzeiti gefa 1 ao mo (2181813) |

Page #169
1162 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa tIna dinoM kA tathA sagotra loga eka dina kA Azauca manAte haiM (dharmasindhu,pR0 427) / yahI nirNaya kucha bhedoM ke sAtha gautama (14 / 15-16), baudhA0 gha0 sU0 (1 / 5 / 136), parAzara (3 / 24), manu (5 / 66), yAjJa0 (3 / 20) evaM Azaucadazaka (prathama zloka) ne bhI diyA hai| janma, mRtotpatti yA sAtaveM, AThaveM yA naveM mAsa ke garbhapAta meM mAtA dasa dinoM taka aspRzya rahatI hai, kintu pitA tathA sapiNDa loga prasava meM snAna ke uparAnta aspRzya nahIM Thaharate (yA0 3 / 91) / prAcIna kAla meM pitA ke jananAzauca ke viSaya meM kaI eka mata pracalita the (bau0 gha0 sU0 1 / 5 / 125-128) / yadyapi janana ke 10 dinoM ke uparAnta strI spRzya ho jAtI hai, kintu usake uparAnta 20 dinoM taka (putra utpanna kiyA ho to) dhArmika kRtya karane yogya nahIM rhtii| kintu yadi strI putrI utpanna karatI hai to 30 dinoM taka (janana ke uparAnta kula milAkara 40 dinoM taka) dhArmika kRtya nahIM kara sakatI / pracetA ke mata se sabhI vargoM kI striyA~ baccA janane ke dasa dinoM ke uparAnta zuddha ho jAtI haiN| devala kA kathana hai ki 10 yA 12 dinoM kI avadhi ke uparAnta jananAzauca nahIM rhtaa| yadi strI apane pitA yA bhAI ke ghara meM baccA jane to mAtA-pitA evaM bhAiyoM ko eka dina kA Azauca mAnana par3atA hai (dharmasindhu,pR.0 427), kintu yadi vaha pati ke ghara baccA jane to usake pitA yA bhAI ko azuddhi nahIM lgtii| jaba sagotroM ko jananAzauca meM rahanA par3atA hai to ve aspRzya nahIM mAne jAte (SaDazIti, zloka 6) / kucha sAmAnya niyamoM ke viSaya meM yahAM kahanA Avazyaka hai| jaba koI grantha 'ahaH' (dina) yA rAtri ke AzIca kI vyavasthA kare to isase 'ahorAtra' (dina evaM rAtri donoM) samajhanA caahie| AhitAgni ke viSaya meM Azauca ke dina zavadAha se gine jAne cAhie, kintu jo AhitAgni nahIM hai usakI mRtyu ke dina se hI Azauca ke dina kA Arambha samajha lenA cAhie (Azaucadazaka, zloka 4; kUrma, uttarArgha 23 / 52) / pAraskara0 (3 / 10) ne vyavasthA dI hai-'yadi koI videza meM jAkara mara jAya, to samAcAra milane para usake sambandhiyoM ko baiTha jAnA cAhie, jala-tarpaNa karanA cAhie aura AzaucAvadhi (10, 12, 15 evaM 30 dina, varNoM ke kramAnusAra) ke bace dinoM taka aspRzya rUpa meM rahanA cAhie; yadi AzaucAvadhi samApta ho cukI ho to unheM eka rAta yA tIna rAtoM taka 'Azauca' kA pAlana karanA caahie|' yahI bAta manu (5 / 75-76) ne bhI kahI hai| brahmapurANa kA kathana hai-~'yadi kula ke janana evaM maraNa kI bAteM jJAta na hoM aura dAtA dAna kare yA dAna lenevAlA dAna grahaNa kare to pApa nahIM lgtaa|' aba hama maraNa ke Azauca kI carcA kreNge| isa viSaya meM bhI dharmazAstrakAroM meM mataikya nahIM hai, ataH pazcAtkAlIna granthoM (yathA dharmasindhu) kA hI hama vizeSataH ullekha kareMge, kucha smRti-vacanoM kI ora bhI saMketa kreNge| maraNAzIca se vyakti aspRzya evaM dhArmika kRtya karane ke ayogya ho jAtA hai| pAraskaragRhyasUtra (3 / 10 / 29-30) ne sAmAnyataH kahA hai ki maraNAzIca tIna rAtoM taka rahatA hai, kintu kucha granthakAroM ne isakI avadhi dasa dinoM kI dI hai| yadi baccA dasa dinoM ke bhItara hI mara jAya to mAtA-pitA jananAzIca hI manAte haiM aura dasa dinoM ke uparAnta zuddha ho jAte haiM, utane dinoM taka pitA aspRzya rahatA hai (kUrmapurANa, zuddhikaumudI, pR0 21) / yadi baccA dA~ta nikalane ke pUrva hI mara jAya to sapiNDa loga snAna karake zuddha ho jAte haiM, kintu mAtA-pitA ko, yadi mRta baccA putra hai to tIna dinoM kA, aura yadi mRta baccA lar3akI hai to eka dina kA Azauca karanA par3atA hai (aura dekhie yAjJa0 3 / 23; zaMkha 15 / 4; atri 95 evaM Azaucakzaka, zloka 2) / yadi baccA dA~ta nikalane ke pazcAt kintu cUr3AkaraNa ke pUrva arthAt tIsare varSa ke anta meM mara jAya to sapiNDoM ko eka dina evaM eka rAtri kA Azauca manAnA cAhie (yAjJa0 3 / 23, zaMkha 15 / 5), kintu aisI sthiti meM mAtA-pitA ko tIna dinoM kA Azauca karanA caahie| yadi baccA lar3akI ho to sapiNDa loga usake tIsare varSa kI mRtyu para snAna karake pavitra ho jAte haiN| yadi cUr3AkaraNa (yA tIna varSoM) ke pazcAt aura upanayana yA vivAha (lar3akiyoM ke viSaya meM) ke bIca mRtyu ho to pitA evaM sapiNDa tIna dinoM kA Azauca manAte haiM, kintu samAnodaka loga snAna ke uparAnta pavitra ho jAte haiN| upanayana ke uparAnta sabhI sapiNDa loga mRtyu para 10 dinoM kA (gautama0 14 / 1; manu

Page #170
bharaNAzauca 1163 5/59; Azaucadazaka, zUdroM meM tIna varSa ke uparAnta evaM vivAha 16 varSoM yA vivAha (zUdroM ke viSaya meM) evaM samAnodaka tIna dinoM kA Azauca manAte haiN| yA 16 varSoM ke pUrva marane para sapiNDoM ko tIna dinoM kA Azauca karanA hotA hai| ke uparAnta mRtyu hone para usa jAti ke lie vyavasthita AzaucAvadhi manAyI jAtI hai| lar3akI ke tIna varSoM ke uparAnta evaM vAgdAna ke pUrva marane para mAtA-pitA ko tIna dinoM kA evaM tIna pIr3hiyoM ke sapiNDoM ko eka dina kA Azauca manAnA caahie| yadi vAgdAna ke uparAnta kintu vivAha ke pUrva kanyA mara jAya to pitA ke sapiNDoM evaM honevAle pati ko tIna dinoM kA Azauca karanA caahie| striyoM evaM zUdroM ke viSaya meM yadi mRtyu vivAhoparAnta ho jAya yA 16 varSoM ke uparAnta ( yadi zUdra avivAhita ho) to sabhI sapiNDoM kI AzaucAvadhi dasa dinoM kI hotI hai / yadi vivAhita strI apane pitA ke yahA~ mara jAya to mAtA-pitA, vimAtA, sahodara bhAiyoM, vimAtA ke putroM ko tIna dinoM kA tathA cAcA Adi ko, jo eka hI ghara meM rahate haiM, eka dina kA Azauca manAnA par3atA hai / kucha logoM kA kahanA hai ki yadi vivAhita kanyA apane pitA ke grAma ke atirikta kahIM aura maratI hai to mAtA-pitA ko pakSiNI (do rAta evaM madhya meM eka dina yA do dina evaM madhya meM eka rAta kA Azauca manAnA par3atA hai| anya mata bhI haiM, jinheM hama chor3a rahe haiN| udAharaNArtha, viSNudharmasUtra (22/32-34) kA kathana hai ki vivAhita strI ke lie mAtA-pitA ko Azauca nahIM lagatA, kintu jaba vaha pitA ke ghara baccA janatI hai yA mara jAtI hai to krama se eka dina yA tIna dinoM kA Azauca lagatA hai| apane mAtA-pitA yA vimAtA ke marane para yadi dasa dina na bIte hoM to vivAhita strI ko tIna dinoM kA yA dasa dinoM ke zeSa dinoM kA Azauca manAnA hotA hai (yAjJa0 3 / 21, uttara bhAga ) / yadi vivAhita strI apane mAtA-pitA yA vimAtA kI mRtyu kA sandeza dasa dinoM ke uparAnta yA varSa ke mItara suna letI hai to use pakSiNI Azauca karanA par3atA hai| yadi upanayana saMskRta bhAI apanI vivAhita bahina ke yahA~ yA aisI bahina apane bhAI ke yahA~ maratI hai to tIna dinoM kA Azauca hotA hai, kintu yadi ve eka-dUsare ke ghara na marakara kahIM aura marate haiM to Azauca pakSiNI hotA hai, yadi mRtyu kisI anya grAma meM hotI hai to Azauca kevala eka dina kA hotA hai| yahI niyama vimAtA ke bhAiyoM evaM bahinoM evaM apanI bahinoM ke lie bhI prayukta hotA hai / apane pitAmaha yA cAcA ke marane para vivAhita nArI kevala snAna kara zuddha ho jAtI hai| yadi mAmA mara jAtA hai to mAnajA evaM bhAnajI eka pakSiNI kA Azauca nibAhate haiN| yadi mAmA bhAnaje ke ghara meM maratA haiM to mAnaje ke lie Azauca tIna dinoM kA, kintu yadi mAmA kA upanayana nahIM huA ho yA vaha kisI anya grAma meM maratA hai to eka dina kA hotA hai| yahI niyama apanI mAtA ke vimAtA- bhAI ke viSaya meM lAgU hotA hai| yadi mAmI mara jAya to mAnaje evaM bhAnajI ko eka pakSiNI kA Azauca karanA par3atA hai| yadi upanayana saMskRta mAnajA mara jAya to mAmA evaM mAmI ko tIna dina kA Azauca hotA hai / yahI niyama mAmA kI vimAtA - bahina ke putra ke lie bhI lAgU hai| yadi bahina kI putrI mara jAya to mAmA ko kevala snAna karanA par3atA hai| yadi nAnA mara jAya to nAtI yA natinI ko tIna dinoM kA Azauca lagatA hai / kintu yadi nAnA kisI anya grAma meM mare to unheM eka pakSiNI kA Azauca karanA par3atA hai| nAnI ke marane para nAtI evaM natinI ko eka pakSiNI kA Azauca lagatA hai| kucha grantha bhatIjI evaM potI ko chUTa dete haiN| upanayana saMskRta dauhitra kI mRtyu para nAnA evaM nAnI ko tIna dinoM kA Azauca kintu upanayana na hone para kevala eka pakSiNI kA Azauca lagatA hai / putrI kI putrI ke marane para nAnA aura nAnI ko Azauca nahIM lagatA / ina viSayoM meM sAmAnya niyama yahI hai ki kevala upanayana-saMskRta puruSa evaM vivAhita strI hI mAtA-pitA ke atirikta kisI anya sambandhI kI mRtyu para Azauca manAte haiM (arthAt upanayana-saMskAravihIna puruSa tathA avivAhita strI mAtA yA pitA kI mRtyu para hI Azauca kA niyama pAlana karate haiM) / dAmAda ke ghara meM zvazura yA sAsa ke marane se dAmAda ko tIna dinoM kA tathA anyatra marane se eka pakSiNI kA Azauca lagatA hai| dAmAda kI mRtyu para zvazura evaM sAsa eka dina kA Azauca karate haiM yA kevala snAna se zuddha ho jAte haiM, kintu r

Page #171
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa sasurAla meM marane para zvazura evaM sAsa ko tIna dinoM kA Azauca karanA par3atA hai| sAle ke marane para (yadi vaha upanayanasaMskRta ho) eka dina kA Azauca hotA hai, kintu yadi sAlA upanayana saMskAra-vihIna ho yA kisI anya grAma meM mara jAya to kevala snAna kara lenA paryApta hai| mausI ke marane para vyakti (puruSa yA strI) ko eka pakSiNI kA Azauca karanA cAhie; yahI niyama phUphI ke marane para lAgU hotA hai| kintu yadi phUphI pitA kI vimAtA-bahina ho to snAna hI paryApta hai| bhatIje ke marane para phUphI snAna karatI hai| yadi phUphI yA mausI vyakti ke ghara meM mara jAya to Azauca tIna dinoM kA hota bandhuoM ke viSaya meM, jinheM mitA0 (yAjJa0 2|135).ne bhinnagotra sapiNDa kahA hai aura jo tIna prakAra ke hote haiM, Azauca eka pakSiNI kA hotA hai, jaba ki bandha upanIta (upanayana saMskAra yakta) ho: kinta: saMskAra nahIM kiye rahatA to Azauca eka dina, kintu jaba bandha vyakti ke ghara meM maratA hai to Azauca tIna dinoM kA hotA hai| jaba phUphI kI lar3akI tathA anya bandhuoM kI lar3akI vivAhita rUpa meM maratI hai to Azauca eka dina kA hotA hai, kintu jaba vaha avivAhita rUpa meM maratI hai to kevala snAna paryApta hotA hai| tIna prakAra ke bandhuoM meM svayaM vyakti evaM usake tIna AtmabandhuoM ke bIca meM eka-dUsare kI mRtyu para Azauca hotA hai, kintu pitRbandhuoM evaM mAtRbandhuoM meM dUsarA niyama pAyA jAtA hai| yadi mAtRbandhuoM meM koI maratA hai to use Azoca karanA par3atA hai jisakA vaha bandhu hotA hai, usake pitRbandhu evaM mAtRbandhu Azauca nahIM maante| yadi dattaka putra mara jAtA hai to vAstavika (asalI) pitA evaM goda lenevAle pitA ko tIna dinoM kA Azauca karanA par3atA hai (vyavahAramayUkha yaha niyama nahIM mAnatA) aura sapiNDoM ko kevala eka dina kaa| yadi goda lenevAlA yA vAstavika pitA mara jAtA hai to dattaka putra ko tIna dinoM kA Azauca mAnanA par3atA hai kintu mRta sapiNDoM ke lie kevala eka dina kaa| dattaka ke putra yA pautra kI mRtyu para vAstavika evaM goda lenevAle pitA ke sapiNDa kevala eka dina kA Azauca mAnate haiM aura aisA hI unakI mRtya para dattaka ke putra yA pautra karate haiN| ye niyama tabhI lAgU hote haiM jaba ki dattaka putra goda lenevAle kA sapiNDa athavA samAnodaka nahIM hotA aura jaba goda jAnevAlA apane janma-kula meM hI rahatA hai| kintu jaba sagotra sapiNDa yA samAnodaka dattaka hotA hai to krama se Azauca 10 dinoM yA tIna dinoM kA hotA hai| jaba AcArya maratA hai to ziSya ko tIna dinoM ke lie Azauca karanA par3atA hai, kintu yadi vaha dUsare grAma meM maratA hai to eka dina kA (gautama0 14 / 26 evaM 52 tathA manu 5 / 80) / AcAryapatnI evaM AcAryaputra kI mRtyu para eka 10. bandhu tIna prakAra ke hote haiM-Atmabandhu, pitRbandhu evaM mAtRbandha / ina bandhu-prakAroM ke tIna udAharaNa tIna zlokoM (baudhAyana yA zAtAtapa dvArA praNIta) meM diye hue haiM-AtmapitRSvasuH putrA AtmamAtRNvasuH sutaaH| AtmamAtulaputrAzca vijeyA AtmabAndhavAH // pituH pitRSvasuH putrAH piturmAtRSvasuH sutaaH| pitRmAtulaputrAzca vizeSAH pitRvAndhavAH // mAtuH pitRSvasuH putrA mAturmAtuSvasuH sutaaH| mAturmAtulaputrAzca vijeyA maatRbaandhvaaH|| mitA0 (yAna0 2 / 135); vyavahAranirNaya (pR0 455); parA0 mA0 (3, pR0 528); madanapA0 (10 675) / anya vistAroM ke lie dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 3, adhyAya 29 / 11. manu (2 / 140) ne use hI AcArya kahA hai jo ziSya kA upanayana karatA hai aura use kalpasUtra evaM upaniSadoM ke sAtha veva par3hAtA hai| manu (23143) ne usa vyakti ko Rtvik kahA hai jo agnayAdhAna, pAkayajJoM evaM agniSToma baiMse pUta yajJoM ke sampAdana ke lie cunA jAtA hai|

Page #172
maraNAcAca 1165 dina kA AdhIca nizcita kiyA gayA hai| guru (jo vaidika mantroM kI zikSA detA hai) kI mRtyu para tIna dinoM kA aura jaba vaha kisI anya grAma meM maratA hai to eka pakSiNI kA AzIca lagatA hai| usa zikSaka kI mRtyu para jo vyAkaraNa, jyotiSa evaM vedoM ke anya aMgoM kI zikSA detA hai, eka dina kA Azauca karanA par3atA hai| aise hI niyama ziSya, Rtvika (yajJiya purohita), yajamAna, Azrita zrotriya, sahapAThI, mitra kI mRtyu para bhI haiM jinheM hama chor3a rahe haiM, kyoMki ve aba anupayogI haiN| dekhie gau0 (14 / 19-20) jo sahAdhyAyI (sahapAThI) yA Azrita zrotriya kI mRtyu para eka dina kA mAzIca nirdhArita karatA hai| AcArya evaM Rtvika kI mRtyu-sambandhI Azauca-vyavasthA se prakaTa hotA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM zikSakoM evaM ziSyoM meM kitanA gaharA sambandha thA jo adhikAMzataH rakta-sambandha ke sadRza thaa| ___ jaba saMnyAsI maratA thA to usake sabhI sapiNDa snAna-mAtra kara lete the aura kucha nahIM karate the| isake viparIta yati evaM brahmacArI ko Azauca nahIM manAnA par3atA thaa| manu (5 / 82), yAjJa0 (3 / 25), viSNu0 (22 / 25) evaM zaMkha0 (15 / 15) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki deza ke rAjA kI mRtyu para jisa dina yA rAtri meM vaha maratA hai, usake dUsare dina yA rAtri taka Azauca manAyA jAtA hai| jaba taka grAma se zava bAhara nahIM calA jAtA, sArA grAma Azauca meM rahatA hai| Apa0 gha0 sU0 (1 / 3 / 9 / 14) ke mata se grAma meM zava ke rahane para veda kA adhyayana roka diyA jAnA caahie| smRtimuktAphala (pR0 541) ne kaI smRtiyoM kA mata dete hue kahA hai ki jaba taka grAma se zava bAhara na calA jAya, bhojana, vedAdhyayana evaM yajJa nahIM karanA caahie| kintu jaba usa grAma meM 400 se adhika brAhmaNa nivAsa karate hoM to yaha niyama nahIM lAgU hotaa| dharmasindhu (pR0 432) ne bhI yahI kahA hai, kintu itanA jor3A hai ki kasabe meM isa niyama kI chUTa hai| pArmika kRtya-sambandhI zuddhi itanI dUra taka bar3ha gayI thI ki zuddhitattva (nirNayasindhu 3, pR0 528) ne itanA taka kaha DAlA ki yadi brAhmaNa ke ghara meM koI kuttA mara jAya to ghara 10 dinoM ke lie azuddha ho jAtA hai, aura yadi kisI brAhmaNa ke ghara meM koI zUdra, patita yA mleccha mara jAya to vaha ghara krama se eka mAsa, do mAsoM yA cAra mAsoM ke lie azuddha ho jAtA hai, kintu yadi usa ghara meM koI zvapAka mara jAya to use chor3a hI denA caahie| atikAntAzauca (nirdhArita avadhiyoM ke uparAnta janana evaM maraNa kI jAnakArI se utpanna Azauca) kA sAmAnya niyama to yaha hai ki yadi koI vyakti videza meM rahatA huA apane sapiNDoM kA janana yA maraNa sunatA hai to use dasa dinoM (usake lie nirdhArita dinoM ke anusAra) taka Azauca nahIM manAnA par3atA, kevala zeSa dinoM kA hI AzIca hotA hai (dekhie manu 5 / 75; yAjJa0 3121; zaMkha 15 / 11; pAraskara gR0 (3 / 10) / Azauca vyakti kI kriyAoM meM avarodha upasthita karatA hai| isI se loga dUsare sthAna meM rahane vAle sambandhiyoM ke pa hai aura kisI nizcita tithi para hI kholane ko kahate haiM (vizeSataH sapiNDa kI mRtyu ke dasaveM din)| pratyeka vyakti aise nirdeza kA tAtparya samajhatA hai aura isa chapa ke dvArA asuvidhA se bacAva hotA hai tathA zAstroM kI AzAe~ pAlita-sI samajhI jAtI haiM / yadi koI putra apane pitA yA mAtA kI mRtyu kA sandeza sunatA hai to use 12. aacaaryptniiputropaadhyaaymaatulshvshurshvshuryshaadhyaayishissyessvtiitessvekraatrenn| viSNudharmasUtra (22144) / zvazurya kA artha hai saalaa| manu (5 / 80-81) ne AcArya, usakI patnI evaM putra tathA zrotriya kI mRtyu para tIna dinoM ke bAzauca kI vyavasthA kI hai| yahI bAta gau0 (14126) meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai|

Page #173
1166 __ dharmazAstra kA itihAsa usI dina se dasa dinoM kA Azauca rakhanA par3atA hai, kintu yadi vaha asthisaMcayana se pUrva hI samAcAra pA letA hai to use zeSa pAMca dinoM kA Azauca karanA par3atA hai (smRtimuktA0 pR0 534) / dasa dinoM ke uparAnta sapiNDa-mRtyu kA samAcAra pAne para AzaucAvadhiyoM ke viSaya meM mataikya nahIM hai| manu (5177) ke mata se yadi janana evaM maraNa ke samAcAra dasa dinoM ke uparAnta mileM to vastrasahita jala meM snAna kara lene se zuddhi prApta ho jAtI hai| yAjJa0 (3 / 21) ke mata se aisI sthiti meM snAna evaM jala-tarpaNa se hI zuddhi prApta ho jAtI hai| manu ke isa kathana se ki kevala pitA hI putrotpatti kA sandeza dasa dinoM ke uparAnta sunane se snAna karatA hai, mitA0 (yAna0 3321) ne anumAna nikAlA hai ki janana para sapiNDoM ke lie atikrAntAzauca nahIM lAgU hotaa| dharmasindhu ne mitA0 kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| manu (5 / 76), zaMkha (15 / 12), kUrmapurANa (uttarArSa, 23 / 21) kA kathana hai ki dasa dinoM ke uparAnta maraNasamAcAra sunane se bhI tIna dinoM kA AzIca lagatA hI hai, kintu yadi samAcAra mRtyu ke eka varSa se adhika avadhi ke uparAnta mile to snAna ke uparAnta hI zuddhi mila jAtI hai| smRtiyoM kI virodhI uktiyoM ke samAdhAna meM vRddha-vasiSTha ne vyavasthA dI hai ki yadi tIna mAsoM ke bhItara saMdeza mila jAya to Azauca kevala tIna dinoM kA hotA hai (kintu mRtyu ke dasa dinoM ke uparAnta hI yaha avadhi ginI jAtI hai), kintu tIna mAsoM se adhika, chaH mAsoM ke bhItara sandeza milane se eka pakSiNI kA Azauca lagatA hai; chaH mAsoM ke uparAnta nau mAsoM ke bhItara saMdeza sunane se eka dina kA tathA nau mAsoM se Upara eka varSa ke bhItara sandeza se snAna-mAtra karane para zuddhi prApta ho jAtI hai| mitAkSarA (yAjJa0 321) ne kahA hai ki yaha niyama mAtA-pitA ko chor3akara sabake sAtha lAga hotA hai aura paiThInasi tathA anya smRti kA udgharaNa diyA hai ki jaba bhI kamI videza meM rahatA huA putra apanI mAtA yA pitA kI mRtyu kA saMdeza sunatA hai; eka varSa ke bhItara yA usake pazcAt,to use usI dina se dasa dinoM kA Azauca manAnA caahie| laghu-AzvalAyana (20188) ne bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 21) ne Age kahA hai ki atikrAntAzIca kA niyama kevala tabhI lAgU hotA hai jaba ki mRta vyakti upanIta rahatA hai| dharmasindhu (pR. 433) kA kathana hai ki upanayana saMskAra-hIna vyakti kI mRtyu para jo eka yA tIna dinoM kA Azauca lagatA hai tathA mAmA evaM anya dUsare gotra vAle kI mRtyu para jo pakSiNI yA tIna dinoM kA Azauca lagatA hai, usake viSaya meM atikrAntAzauca ke niyama nahIM prayukta hote| isI prakAra samAnodakoM ke lie nirdhArita tIna dinoM kI azuddhi para atikrAntAzauca nahIM lagatA, kintu isa viSaya meM avadhi ke uparAnta bhI snAna karanA Avazyaka hai| vAstava meM, atikrAntAzauca ke niyama 10 dinoM ke Azauca ke viSaya meM hI prayakta hote haiN| jisa prakAra putra ke lie atikrAntAzauca kA niyama lAga hai, usI prakAra pati, patnI evaM sapatniyoM ke bIca meM eka varSa ke uparAnta bhI , cAhe mRtyu paradeza meM hI kyoM na huI ho, dasa dinoM kA AzIca anivArya hai| mAtA-pitA aurasa putra kI mRtyu kA sandeza eka varSa ke uparAnta bhI sUnane para tIna dinoM kA Azauca karate haiN| eka hI deza meM rahanevAle sapiNDa kI mRtyu 10 dinoM ke uparAnta, tIna mAsoM ke bhItara sUnI jAya to AzaucAvadhi tIna dinoM kI hotI hai, chaH mAsoM ke uparAnta pakSiNI, nau mAsoM taka eka dina aura eka varSa taka snAna karane kA Azauca lagatA hai| isa viSaya meM bhI aneka mata haiM, yathA mAdhava evaM anya logoM ke| isa viSaya meM dekhie zuddhiprakAza (puu049-51)| mitAkSarA ne yAjJa0 (3 / 21) ke antima caraNa kI vyAkhyA meM eka hI deza meM rahane vAle sapiNDa kI mRtyu ke dasa dinoM ke uparAnta sandeza sunane evaM bar3I nadI Adi se vibhAjita anya deza meM rahane vAle sapiNDa kI mRtyu ke sandeza sunane meM antara vyakta kiyA hai / antima sapiNDa kI mRtyu kA sandeza jaba dasa dinoM ke uparAnta kintu tIna mAsoM ke bhItara mila jAtA hai to kevala snAna se zuddhi prApta ho jAtI hai| mitA0 ne vahIM eka smRti-vacana uddhRta kiyA hai ki kisI paradezI sapiNDa kI mRtyu para tathA napuMsaka yA vaikhAnasa (vanavAsI yati) yA saMnyAsI kI mRtyu para snAna

Page #174
dIrghakAla ke bAda kA maraNAzauca 1167 mAtra se zuddhi prApta ho jAtI hai aura yahI niyama garbhapAta meM sagotra sapiNDoM ke lie lAgU hotA hai / " SaDazIti (35) meM bhI aisA hI AyA hai|" mitA0 ne bRhaspati ke do zlokoM kA havAlA dekara 'dezAntara' kI paribhASA dI hai- 'jahA~ . bar3I nadI ho yA parvata ho, jo eka deza ko dUsare se pRthak karatA ho yA jahA~ kI bhASAoM meM antara ho, vaha dezAntara kahalAtA hai| kucha logoM kA kathana hai ki sATha yojanoM kA antara dezAntara kA kAraNa hotA hai, kucha loga cAlIsa yA tIsa yojanoM ke antara kI sImA batAte haiM / "" isa viSaya meM mataikya nahIM hai ki dezAntara ke lie ina tInoM (mahAnadI, parvata evaM bhASA-bheda ) kA sAtha-sAtha rahanA paramAvazyaka hai, yA inameM koI eka paryApta hai yA 60, 40 yA 30 yojana kA antara Avazyaka hai yA kisI dezAntara meM dasa dinoM meM samAcAra pahu~ca jAnA hI usake dezAntaratva kA sUcaka hai| smRtica0 evaM SaDazIti ( 37 ) ke mata se uparyukta tIna meM koI eka bhI paryApta hai, kintu anyoM ke vibhinna mata haiN| zuddhiviveka ke mata se 60 yojanoM kI dUrI dezAntara ke lie paryApta hai, kintu 60 yojanoM ke bhItara eka mahAnadI, eka parvata - evaM bhASA-bheda sammilita rUpa se dezAntara banA dete haiN| smRtyarthasAra kA kathana hai ki smRtiyoM, purANoM tathA tIrtha- sambandhI granthoM meM dezAntara vibhinna rUpoM meM varNita hai / 'yojana' ke lie dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 3, adhyAya 5 / gharmasindhu ( pR0 415) ke mata se yadi AhitAgni dezAntara meM mara jAya aura bahuta dina vyatIta ho jAya~ tathA usakI asthiyA~ na prApta hoM aura aisI sthiti meM jaba palAza kI pattiyoM se usakA AkRtidahana ho taba bhI dasa dinoM kA AzIca hotA hai| isI prakAra jo AhitAgni nahIM hai tathA usakI mRtyu para koI Azauca nahIM manAyA gayA hai aura bAda ko usakA putalA jalAyA jAya to putra evaM patnI ko 10 dinoM kA Azauca karanA par3atA hai, kintu jaba saMdeza milane para unhoMne dasa dinoM kA Azauca manA liyA hai to AkRtidahana para tIna dinoM kA Azauca karanA hotA hai / anya sapiNDoM ko inhIM paristhitiyoM meM krama se tIna dinoM kA Azauca yA snAna mAtra paryApta hai / gRhyakArikA, smRtyarthasAra ( pR0 94), dharmasindhu evaM anya graMthoM meM aisA AyA hai ki yadi koI vyakti paradeza calA jAya aura usakI jIvitAvasthA ke viSaya meM koI samAcAra na mile to usake putra evaM anya sambandhiyoM ko, samAcAra na milane ke bIsa varSoM ke pazcAt, yA jaba yuvAvasthA yA 15 varSa kI avasthA meM vaha calA gayA ho, yA jaba vaha adher3a avasthA yA 12 varSa kI avasthA meM calA gayA ho yA bur3hautI meM calA gayA ho, to cAndrAyaNa vrata yA 30 kRcchra 13. yastu nadyAdivyavahite dezAntare mRtastatsapiNDAnAM dazAhAdUdhvaM mAsatrayAdarvAgapi sadyaH zaucam / dezAntaramRtaM zrutvA klobe vaikhAnase yatau / mRte snAnena zudhyanti garbhasrAve ca gotriNaH // iti / mitAkSarA ( yAjJavalkyasmRti, 3 / 21) / 14. jJAtimRtyau yavAzaucaM dazAhAttu bahiH zrutau / ekaveza idaM proktaM snAtvA dezAntare zuciH // SaDazIti (35) / 15. dezAntaralakSaNaM ca bRhaspatinoktam / mahAnadyantaraM yatra girirvA vyavadhAyakaH / vAco yatra vibhidyante taddezAntaramucyate // dezAntaraM vadantyeke SaSTiyojanamAyatam / catvAriMzadvavantyanye triMzadanye tathaiva ca // iti / mitA0 ( yAza0 3 / 21) / prathama zloka ko aparArka (10 905) evaM smRtica0 (Azauca, pR0 52 ) ne vRddhamanu kA mAnA hai aura zuddhiprakAza ( pR0 51 ) ne bahanmanu kA mAnA hai| smRtica0 (50 53) ne bRhanmanu kA eka anya pAda jor3A hai aura yahI bAta SaDazIti (zloka 37) kI TIkA evaM zuddhipra0 ( pR0 51) meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai, yathA-dezanAmanadIbhedo nikaTe yatra vaM bhavet / tena vezAntaraM proktaM svayameva svayambhuvA // vazarAtreNa yA vArtA yatra na bhUyate'thavA / vAzvalAyana (20/87) meM AyA hai -- parvatazca (sya ?) mahAnadyA vyavadhAnaM bhavedyadi / triMzadyojanadUraM vA sA:snAnena zudhyati //

Page #175
1168 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa karane cAhie, kuMza yA palAza-daloM kI AkRti banAnI cAhie aura use jalAnA cAhie tathA Azauca manAkara zrAddha Adi karanA caahie| niSkarSa-medhAtithi (manu 5 / 58) ne AzaucAvadhiyoM evaM unase prabhAvita logoM ke antara ko kaI DhaMga se samajhAyA hai--(1) janana evaM maraNa ke Azauca meM bahuta se antara haiM, (2) maraNa ke Azauca meM bahuta se antara haiM, yathA (ka) garbha (garbhasrAva, garbhapAta, yathA zaMkha 15 / 4 evaM bRhatparAzara 6, pR0 186 meM); (kha) jaba 7veM yA 9veM mAsa meM bhrUNa nikala Aye yA zizu marA hI utpanna ho yA utpanna hokara mara jAya (kintu dA~ta nikalane ke pUrva, dekhie yAjJa0 3 / 23 evaM atri 95); (ga) dAMta nikalane kintu cUr3AkaraNa ke pUrva yA tIna varSa ke pUrva (viSNu0 22129 evaM yAjJa0 3123); (gha) cUr3AkaraNa yA tIna varSoM ke uparAnta se upanayana taka (manu 5 / 67); (Ga) upanayana ke uparAnta (yAjJa0 3 / 23, manu 5 / 59 evaM gautama0 14 / 1); (ca) upanayana ke uparAnta mRtyu hone se Azauca kI avadhi brAhmaNoM ke lie pUrva samaya meM vedAdhyayana tathA zrota-kRtyoM para AdhArita thI jisameM yaha thA ki brAhmaNa ziloJcha-vRtti para rahatA thA (parAzara 3 / 5, zaMkha 1 / 5, atri 83, agnipurANa 158 / 10-11); (cha) AzaucAvadhi jAti para AdhArita thI (gautama 14 / 1-4, yAjJa0 322 Adi); (ja) AzaucAvadhi rakta-sambandha kI sannikaTatA para AdhArita thI, arthAt prabhAvita vyakti sapiNDa hai yA samAnodaka (gau0 1411 evaM 18 tathA manu 5 / 59 evaM 64); (jha) mRtyu-sthala kI sannikaTatA evaM dUrI para bhI avadhi nirbhara thI (laghvAzvalAyana 20185 evaM 89); (Ja) yaha mahAnadI, parvata yA 30 yojana dUrI ke dezAntara meM huI mRtyu para bhI AdhArita thI (laghvAzvalAyana, 20187); (Ta) sambandhI ko sandeza milane ke kAla ke AdhAra para bhI AzaucAvadhi kA nirNaya hotA thA; (Tha) pahale Azauca ke samApta dUsare Azauca ke ho jAne para bhI AzaucAvadhi kA nirNaya nirbhara thaa| jaba koI rAta meM janma letA hai yA mara jAtA hai yA ina ghaTanAoM ke samAcAra rAta meM prApta hote haiM to yaha prazna uThatA hai ki kisa dina se Azauca kI avadhi kI gaNanA kI jAnI caahie| udAharaNArtha, yadi koI somavAra kI madhya rAtrike bAda eka baje mare to kyA somavAra ko dasa dinoM kI AzaucAvadhi ke antargata mAnanA cAhie yA use chor3a denA cAhie? isake uttara meM do mata haiN| eka mata yaha hai ki AdhI rAta ke pUrva kA kAla pUrva dina kA sUcaka hotA hai aura usake pazcAt AnevAle dina kA mAnA jAtA hai| isa mata ke anusAra uparyukta udAharaNa meM somavAra ko dasa dinoM ke antargata nahIM ginA jaaygaa| dUsarA mata yaha hai ki rAtri ko tIna bhAgoM meM bA~TA jAtA hai, prathama do bhAgoM meM mRtyu hone se dina kI gaNanA ho jAtI hai, kintu tIsare bhAga meM mRtyu hone se dasa dinoM kI gaNanA Age ke dina se Arambha hotI hai| isa mata se uparyukta udAharaNa meM somavAra dasa dinoM ke antargata parigaNita ho jaaygaa| dharmasindhu (pR0 435) ke mata se isa viSaya meM lokAcAra kA anusaraNa honA caahie| aura dekhie madanapArijAta (pR. 394-395) / smRtiyoM meM una sambandhiyoM kI AzaucAbadhiyoM ke viSaya meM bhI katipaya niyama vyavasthita haiM, jo ucca varNoM 16. rAtrI jananamaraNe rAtrI maraNazAne vArAtri vibhAgAM kRtvA prathamabhAgadvaye pUrvadinaM tRtIyabhAge uttaradinamAramyAzaucam / yadvArdharAtrAt prAk pUrvadinaM parataH paradinam / atra dezAcArAdinA vyvsthaa| dharmasindhu (pR0 435)|ye mata pAraskara evaM kAzyapa ke zlokoM para AdhArita haiM ; ardharAtrAdadhastAccetsUtake mRtake tthaa| pUrvameva dinaM prAhAmadhvaM ceduttare'hani // rAtri kuryAt tribhAgAM tu dvau bhAgau puurvvaasrH| uttarAMzaH paradinaM jAteSu ca mRteSu c| pAraskara0 (smRtica0, Azauca, pR0 118-119) /

Page #176
maraNAzIca ke vibhinna antara 1169 hue bhI varNI nAriyoM se vivAha karate haiM (anuloma vivAha ) / udAharaNArtha, dakSa ( 6 / 12 ) ke mata se yadi koI brAhmaNa cAroM varNoM kI striyoM se vivAha karatA hai to ina striyoM ke janana evaM maraNa para Azauca krama se 10, 6, 3 evaM 1 dina kA hotA hai / viSNu0 (22 / 22 evaM 24 ) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki yadi kSatriya ke vaizya yA zUdra varNoM ke sapiNDa hoM to unake janana evaM maraNa para Azauca krama se 6 yA 3 dinoM kA hotA hai, yadi vaizya kA zUdra sapiNDa ho to azuddhi 6 dinoM ke uparAnta dUra ho jAtI hai / kintu jaba nimna varNoM ke sapiNDa ucca varNoM ke hoM to unakA Azauca ucca varNoM ke janana evaM maraNa ke Azauca ke sAtha samApta ho jAtA hai| yahI vyavasthA laghu-hArIta ( 84 = ApastambamRta 9 | 13) meM bhI hai / anya smRtiyA~ evaM purANa, yathA kUrma 0 ( uttarArdhaM 23 / 30-36), vibhinna mata dete haiM ( hAralatA pR0 54-60 evaM smRtimuktAphala, pR0 495 - 496 ) / madanapArijAta ( pR0 425-426 ) ke anusAra kucha logoM kA kathana hai ki ina vibhinna vyavasthAoM ko chor3a denA cAhie, yA inheM dezAcAra ke anusAra ucita sthAna denA cAhie yA inheM inase prabhAvita vyakti ke guNoM evaM avaguNoM ke AdhAra para samajha-bUjha lenA cAhie yA inheM ApadoM Adi dinoM ke anusAra prayukta hone yA na hone yogya mAna lenA cAhie / mitA0 ( yAjJa0 3 / 22 ) ke mata se pratiloma jAtiyoM ke logoM kI AzaucAvadhiyA~ nahIM hotIM, ve loga mala-mUtra ke tyAgoparAnta kiye jAnevAle zuddhi-sambandhI niyamoM ke samAna hI zuddhIkaraNa kara lete haiM / smRtimuktAphala ( pR0 495 ) Adi grantha manu (10 / 41 ) para nirbhara rahate hue kahate haiM ki pratiloma jAtiyA~ zUdra ke samAna haiM aura zUdroM ke lie vyavasthita Azauca kA pAlana karatI haiN|" yahI bAta AdipurANa ko uddhRta kara hAralatA ( pR0 12) ne kahI hai| smRtyarthasAra ( pR0 92 ) kA kahanA hai ki pratiloma vivAhoM se utpanna logoM ko prAyazcitta karane ke uparAnta Azauca karanA cAhie, kintu yadi ve prAyazcitta nahIM karate to unake lie Azauca nahIM hotA / hamane gata adhyAya meM dekha liyA hai ki kisa prakAra zava ko uThAnA evaM use jalAnA sapiNDoM kA kartavya hai, aura hamane yaha bhI dekha liyA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM daridra brAhmaNa ke zava ko DhonA prazaMsAyukta kArya samajhA jAtA rahA hai (parAzara0 3 / 39-40) / kintu, jaisA ki manu ( 5 / 101-102 ) ne kahA hai, yadi koI brAhmaNa snehavaza kisI asapiNDa kA zava DhotA hai, mAno vaha bandhu ho, yA jaba vaha mAtRbandhu ( yathA mAmA yA mausI) kA zava DhotA hai to vaha tIna dinoM ke uparAnta zuddha ho jAtA hai; kintu yadi vaha unake ghara bhojana karatA hai jinake yahA~ koI mara gayA hai, to vaha dasa dinoM meM pavitra hotA hai; kintu yadi vaha unake ghara meM na rahatA hai aura na vahA~ bhojana karatA hai to vaha eka dina meM zuddha ho jAtA hai ( kintu bhojana na karane para bhI ghara raha jAne se use tIna dinoM kA Azauca karanA par3atA hai ) / dekhie kUrmapurANa (uttarArdha 23 / 37 ) evaM viSNu0 (22 / 79 ) / gautama 0 ( 14 / 21 - 25 ) ne bhI isa viSaya meM niyama diye haiM, kintu ve bhinna haiM, arthAt sapiNDoM dvArA manAye jAnevAle Azauca se ve bhinna haiM, yathA -- vaha aspRzya to ho jAtA hai, kintu anya niyamoM kA pAlana nahIM karatA, yathA pRthivI para sonA Adi / yadi koI lobhavaza zava DhotA hai to isa viSaya meM brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya yA zUdra ke lie 10, 12, 15 yA 30 dinoM kA Azauca karanA par3atA hai / nirAzauca kahA jAtA hai; nirhAra zabda ke antargata vastra se zava ko DhakanA, mAlAoM, gandhoM evaM bhUSaNoM se zava ko sajAnA use Dhokara le jAnA evaM jalAnA sammilita haiM / jo sapiNDa loga kisI vyakti kI mRtyu kA Azauca 17. pratilomAnAM tvAzIcAbhAva eva, pratilomA dharmahInAH - iti manusmaraNAt / kevalaM mRtau prasave ca malApakarSaNArthaM mUtrapurISotsargavat zaucaM bhavatyeva / mitA0 ( yAjJa0 3 / 22 ) / pratilomAstu dharmahInAH ( gautama 0 4 / 20 ) / saMkarajAtInAM zUdreNvantarbhAvAtteSAM zukravadAzaucam / smRtimu0 ( Azauca, pR0 495 ) /

Page #177
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa manAte haiM ve usake ghara meM banA huA bhojana kara sakate haiM, kintu ve loga aisA nahIM kara sakate jo usa Azauca ko nahIM manA rahe haiN| gautama0 (14 / 29), manu (5 / 103), yAjJa0 (3 / 26) evaM parAzara (3 / 42) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki kisI brAhmaNa ko kisI anya brAhmaNa kI zavayAtrA meM nahIM sammilita honA cAhie, nahIM to use snAna karanA par3egA, agni chUnI par3egI aura ghRta pInA par3egA, taba kahIM azuddhi se mukti milegii| parAzara (3 / 43 / 46) evaM kUrma0 (utarArdha 23 / 45) ke mata se yadi vaha kSatriya kI zavayAtrA meM jAye to eka dina kA Azauca evaM paMcagavya pInA pdd'egaa| isI prakAra vaizya evaM zUdra kI zavayAtrAoM meM sammalita hone se do dinoM kA Azauca evaM chaH prANAyAma tathA tIna dinoM kA Azauca, samudragAmI nadI meM snAna, 100 prANAyAma karanA evaM ghRta pInA pdd'egaa| dekhie trizacchlokI (zloka 13) / yadi brAhmaNa kisI asapiNDa ke maraNa meM usake ghara jAya aura usake sambandhiyoM ke sAtha rudana kare to use eka dina kA Azauca lagatA hai (kintu aisA asthisaMcayana ke pUrva jAne se hotA hai), yadi mRta kSatriya yA vaizya ho to snAna bhI karanA par3atA hai, kintu yadi mRta zUdra ho to tIna dinoM kA Azauca lagatA hai, kintu asthisaMcayana ke uparAnta jAne se kevala snAna karanA par3atA hai| kintu yadi mata zadra ho tathA rudana asthisaMcayana ke pazcAta manAyA gayA ho to Azauca kevala eka dina evaM rAta kA hotA hai| aura dekhie karmapurANa (uttarArdha, 23 / 46-47), agnipurANa (158 / 47-48), parA0 mA0 (112, pR0 283-285), smRtimuktAphala (Azauca, pR0 543) evaM Azaucadazaka (9) / ___ janana-maraNa se utpanna Azauca vAle vyakti isI prakAra ke anya vyakti ko nahIM chU skte| yadi ve aisA karate haiM to unheM prAyazcitta (prAjApatya yA sAntapana) karanA par3atA hai| yadi patnI pati ko chor3akara kisI anya vyakti se anaitika zarIra-sambandha sthApita kara le aura vaha vyakti pati kI jAti yA kisI ucca jAti kA ho to strI ke marane para pati ko eka dina kA Azauca hotA hai; kintu yadi usa patnI kA sambandha kisI choTI jAti ke puruSa ke sAtha ho gayA ho to usake maraNa para Azauca nahIM karanA par3atA (yAjJa0 3 / 6) / isI prakAra aurasa ko chor3akara anya putroM (kSetraja Adi) kI mRtyu para eka dina kA Azauca karanA hotA hai| dekhie yAjJa0 (3 / 25) evaM viSNu0 (22142-43) / ___ uparyukta niyamoM ke kucha apavAda bhI haiM, yathA Azauca-grasta vyakti ke ghara kA bhojana karane meM; jaba ki vivAhotsava meM (caula evaM upanayana meM bhI), devotsava evaM jyotiSToma jaise yajJoM meM janana evaM maraNa se azuddhi A jAya to kartA dvArA devoM evaM brAhmaNoM ko dene ke lie jo kucha ghana yA padArtha alaga kara diye gaye hoM unheM devoM evaM brAhmaNoM ko de dene meM koI aparAdha nahIM hai| bhojana ke viSaya meM mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 27) ne eka smRti-vacana uddhata kiyA hai'yadi vivAhotsava, devotsava yA yajJa ke samaya janana yA maraNa ho jAya to banA huA bhojana AzaucahIna dvArA diyA jAnA cAhie, aura aisI sthiti meM dAtA evaM bhojanakartA ko koI aparAdha nahIM lgtaa|' aMgirA, paiThInasi (smRci0, Azauca, pR060) evaM viSNu ke mata se jaba eka bAra yajJa (somayajJa Adi), vivAha, pRthivI mAtA yA kisI deva kA utsava, devapratiSThA, mandira-nirmANa Aramma ho jAtA hai to bIca meM Azauca ho jAne para bhI usakA prabhAva nahIM hotaa| Ajakala bhI vivAha evaM upanayana meM isI niyama kA anusaraNa hotA hai| yajJa, vivAha Adi kaba Arambha huA mAnA jAtA hai, isa viSaya meM laghu-viSNu kA yoM kahanA hai-yajJa purohitoM ke varaNa ke uparAnta Arambha huA mAnA jAtA hai, vrata evaM japa meM sAmagrI saMcaya Arambha kA dyotaka hai, vivAha meM nAndIzrAddha tathA zrAddha meM brAhmaNoM ke lie bhojana bana jAnA unakA Arambha ho gayA mAna liyA jAtA hai| Azauca meM lage hue vyakti ke ghara se jaba ki vaha gRhasvAmI hotA hai, kucha vastue~ lI jA

Page #178
AzISa kA apavAdaH Azauca ke madhya meM anya Azauca 1171 sakatI haiM ( kintu usake hAtha se nahIM; usakI anumati se ) / kUrmapurANa ke mata se ve vastue~ ye haiM-phala, puSpa, kacce zAka, lavaNa, IMdhana, takra (maTThA), dahI, ghI, tela, davA, dUdha evaM sUkhA bhojana (laDDU, lAvA Adi) / marIci (mitA0, yAza0 3 / 17 ) evaM trizacchlokI (20) ne ina vastuoM kI lambI sUcI dI hai| kucha smRtiyoM evaM TIkAkAroM ne svAmI kI AzaucAvasthA meM dAsoM ke Azauca ke niyama bhI diye haiN| dekhie viSNu0 (22/19), devalasmRti ( 6 ), bRhaspati ( haradatta, gautama 0 14 / 4) / dAsa prathA bahuta pahale hI samApta kara dI gayI, ataH isakA vivecana nahIM hogaa| azaucasannipAta yA AzocasampAta (Azauca karate hue vyakti ke yahA~ anya Azauca kI jAnakArI kI pahu~ca ) / isa viSaya ke niyama bahuta prAcIna haiM aura suvidhA evaM sAdhAraNa jJAna para nirbhara rahate haiM; ye aise nahIM haiM ki vyakti ko donoM AzaucoM ko alaga-alaga karane kI vyavasthA deN| gautama 0 ( 14/5 ) kA kathana hai ki aisI sthiti meM prathama Acauca kI samApti para hI dUsare Azauca se zuddhi prApta ho jAtI hai| isake Age ke do sUtroM kA kathana hai ki yadi dUsarA Azauca prathama Azauca kI antima rAtri meM A par3atA hai to prathama kI samApti ke do dinoM ke pazcAt zuddhi ho jAtI hai, kintu yadi dUsare kA samAcAra prathama ke antima dina kI rAtri ke antima prahara meM pahu~catA hai to prathama kI samApti ke tIna dinoM ke pazcAt zuddhi prApta ho jAtI hai| yahI bAta baughA0 gha0 sU0 ( 1|5|123 ) meM pAyI jAtI hai / aura dekhie gautama (14|5-6 ), manu ( 5 / 79), yAjJa0 (3120), viSNu0 (22/35-38), zaMkha ( 15/10), parAzara (3328), jahA~ gautama (1415) ke hI niyama lAgU kiye gaye haiM / isa Azauca se sambandhita kucha sAmAnya niyamoM kA varNana Avazyaka hai| janana evaM maraNa ke AzaucoM meM maraNa ke Azauca ke niyama apekSAkRta kaThina haiN| dUsarA niyama yaha hai--jaba do Azauca samAna prakAra ke hoM aura dUsarA samAna avadhi kA yA kama avadhi kA ho to vyakti prathama kI samApti para dUsare se bhI mukta ho jAtA hai, kintu yadi dUsarA samAna Azauca adhika avadhi kA ho to zuddhi adhika lambe Azauca ke uparAnta hI prApta hotI hai| yaha jJAtavya hai ki janana evaM maraNa se Azauca tabhI utpanna hotA hai jaba ki ve vyakti ko jJAta hoM / isa viSaya meM mitAkSarA, gaur3oM evaM maithiloM ke sampradAyoM meM mataikya nahIM hai (dekhie zuddhiprakAza, pR0 74-82, nirNayasindhu, pR0 536- 540 ) / jaba anya Azauca A par3atA hai to nirNayasindhu ke anusAra bAraha vikalpa sambhava dIkhate haiM, jinheM hama yoM likhate haiM- " ( 1 evaM 2 ) yadi donoM Azauca janana ke haiM aura dUsarA pahale kI avadhi ke barAbara yA kama hai to prathama kI samApti para dUsare se zuddhi ho jAtI hai (viSNu0 22/35, zaMkha 15/70); (3) yadi donoM janana se utpanna hoM aura dUsarA apekSAkRta lambI avadhi kA ho to dUsare Azauca kI samApti para zuddhi prApta hotI hai (zaMkha 1510 evaM SaDazIti 19 ) ; ( 4 evaM 5 ) yadi donoM maraNa se janita hoM aura dUsarA pahale ke samAna yA kama avadhi kA ho to pahale kI samApti para zuddhatA prApta hotI hai; (6) yadi donoM meM prathama kI apekSA dUsarA lambI avadhi kA ho to dUsare kI samApti para zuddhi ho jAtI hai (SaDazIti 21); (7, 8 evaM 9) yadi pahalA Azauca janana se utpanna ho aura dUsarA maraNa se, to maraNa vAlA pUrI avadhi taka calatA hai ( arthAt prathama kI samApti para hI zuddhi nahIM ho jAtI ) cAhe maraNa vAlA kama avadhi kA ho yA samAnAvadhi kA ho yA adhikAvadhi kA ho ( SaDazIti 18 ); (10 evaM 11) yadi prathama maraNotpanna ho aura bIca meM A par3anevAlA janana prApta ho aura maraNotpanna vAle se kama avadhi kA ho to donoM kA anta maraNotpanna Azauca kI parisamApti para hotA hai (SaDazIti 21 ); (12) yadi prathama Azauca maraNajanita ho aura dUsarA A jAnevAlA janana-janita evaM lambI avadhi kA ho to donoM ucita avadhi taka calate jAte haiM" ( SaDazIti 21 ) / dharmasindhu ( pR0 436) sAmAnyataH nirNayasindhu kA anusaraNa karatA hai, kintu usakA kathana hai---"maraNa 75

Page #179
1172 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa kA Azauca janana ke Azauca dvArA, cAhe vaha samAnAvadhi kA ho cAhe kama kA, dUra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA; maraNotpanna eka pakSiNI kA AzIca tIna dinoM yA dasa dinoM vAle jananotpanna Azauca ko kATa nahIM sakatA aura janana-janita dasa dinoM kA Azauca maraNa-janita tIna dinoM ke Azauca ko nahIM dUra kara sktaa|" yahI bahuta se lekhakoM kA mata hai| eka lekhaka kA kathana hai ki jananotpanna Azauca, yadyapi vaha apekSAkRta lambI avadhi kA ho, maraNotpanna kama avadhi vAle Azauca se dUra nahIM ho sakatA / mitA0 ( yAjJa0 3 / 20, pUrvArdha) ne uparyukta Azauca sannipAta ke viSaya meM eka apavAda diyA hai| yadi kisI kI mAtA mara jAya aura AzaucAvadhi ke samApta na hone para hI yadi usakA pitA bhI mara jAya to aisA nahIM hotA ki mAtA ke maraNa se utpanna Azauca ke sAtha hI pitA ke maraNa kA Azauca samApta ho jAya ; pratyuta putra ko pitA ke maraNajanita Azauca kI pUrI avadhi bitAnI par3atI hai| isI prakAra yadi pitA pahale mara jAya to isa AzaucAvadhi meM mAtA ke mI mara jAne se utpanna Azauca pitA kI mRtyu se janita Azauca ke sAtha hI sAmApta nahIM ho jAtA, pratyuta pitA kI mRtyu se utpanna Azauca kara lene ke uparAnta mAtA ke lie eka pakSiNI kA atirikta Azauca karanA par3atA hai / jJAtavya hai ki aparArka ne uparyukta ukti ko dUsare DhaMga se samajhA hai, unakA kathana hai ki yadi pitA mAtA ke maraNa se utpanna AzaucAvadhi meM mara jAtA hai to sAmAnya niyama prayukta hotA hai, yathA--mAtA ke lie kiye gaye Azauca kI samApti para hI zuddhi prApta ho jAtI hai / yadi koI maraNa-janita Azauca manAyA jA rahA ho aura isI bIca meM janana-janita Azauca ho jAya to utpanna putra kA pitA jAtakarma Adi karane ke yogya rahatA hai, kyoMki prajApati (mitA0, yAjJa0 3 / 20; madanapArijAta, pR0 439) ke mata se vaha usa avasara para zuddha ho hI jAtA hai| SaDazIti (22) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki bAda meM AnevAle janana yA maraNa-utpanna AzaucoM meM prathama Azauca kI samApti ke viSaya meM jo niyama hai usameM tIna apavAda haiM, yathA-baccA jananevAlI nArI, jo vyakti vAstava meM zava jAtA hai aura mRta ke putra; arthAt sUtikA ko aspRzyatA kI avadhi bitAnI hI par3atI hai, jo zava jalAtA hai use dasa dinoM kA Azauca karanA hI par3atA hai, bhale hI janana yA zavadAha mRtyUtpanna anya Azauca ke bIca hI meM kyoM na kiye gaye hoM / sadyaH zauca ( usI dina zuddhi) - hamane pahale hI dekha liyA hai ki janana-maraNajanita Azauca dakSa (62) ke anusAra dasa prakAra ke hote haiM, jinameM prathama do ke nAma haiM sadyaH zauca evaM ekaah| 'ekAha' kA artha hai dina evaM rAta donoN| 'sadyaH' kA sAmAnya artha hai 'usI yA isI samaya yA tatkSaNa yA tAtkAlika yA zIghra Adi / "" kintu jaba yAjJa0 ( 3 / 29), parAzara ( 3 / 10), atri (97) tathA anya smRtiyA~ 'sadyaH zauca' zabda kA prayoga karatI haiM to vahA~ usakA artha hai- 'pUre dina yA tIna dinoM yA dasa dinoM taka Azauca nahIM rahatA, pratyuta snAna karane taka yA dina- samApti taka yA rAta ke anta taka yA usa dina taka, jisa dina ghaTanA ghaTita hotI hai, rahatA hai| yAjJa0 (3 / 23 'A dantajanmanaH sadya A cUDAnaizikI smRtA' ) se pratIta hotA hai ki 'sadyaH' kA artha hai eka dina kA bhAga yA eka rAta kA bhAga (jaisA viSaya ho) evaM 'naizikI' kA artha hai 'pUrA dina evaM raat|"" zuddhitattva ( pR0 340-3-41) ne vyAkhyA kI hai ki 'sadyaH' kA artha hai 18. pANini (5 / 3 / 22 ) / isa sUtra kA vArtika hai--'samAnasya sabhAvo yas cAhani', mahAbhASya ne ise 'samAne'hani sadyaH' samajhAyA hai| 19. atrAzaucaprakaraNe aharbrahaNaM rAtrigrahaNaM cAhorAtropalakSaNArtham / mitA0 ( pAza0 3 / 18) /

Page #180
savaH zauca; pAca dhAmoM meM bAcikA saMkoca 1173 'dina yA rAta kA eka aMza' aura isake samarthana meM kaI granthoM se pramANa diye haiN|" zuddhiprakAza (pR0 92) ne vyAkhyA kI hai ki 'sadyaHzauca kucha saMdoM meM 'azauca ke abhAva' kA dyotaka hai, anya sandarbho meM yaha 'snAna' kA artha rakhatA hai aura una logoM ke sambandha meM, jo yuddha Adi meM vIra gati ko prApta ho gaye haiM (jinheM piNDadAna karanA hotA hai), isakA artha hai 'eka dina yA rAta kA eka aNsh|' smRtimuktAphala (Azauca, pR0 481) kA kathana hai ki 'sadyaHzauca' kA artha hai vaha azauca jo snAna ke uparAnta samApta ho jAtA hai|" AdipurANa meM AyA hai ki jinake lie sadyaHzauca hotA hai unheM piNDa bhI diyA jAtA hai| zuddhikaumudI (pR073) ne sadyaHzauca ke do artha diye haiM; (1) azauca kA pUrNa amAva, yathA--yajJiya (yajJa vAle) purohitoM Adi ke viSaya meM (yAjJa0 3 / 28) tathA (2) vaha azauca jo snAna se dUra ho jAtA hai (manu 576) / Azauca ke niyama pA~ca prakAra ke viSayoM meM adhika avadhi taka nahIM lAgU hote, yathA-(1) kucha vyakti sarvathA mukta hote haiM, (2) kucha logoM ke, jo sAdhAraNataH aspRzya mAne jA sakate haiM, karma binA azuddhi ke calane diye jAte haiM, (3) aise logoM se, jo Azauca meM rahate haiM, kucha vastue~ binA kisI azuddhi-maya ke lI jA sakatI haiM, (4) kucha aparAdhiyoM kI mRtyu para Azauca nahIM manAyA jAtA tathA (5) kucha logoM ke viSayoM meM aise smRti-vacana haiM ki unake lie Azauca manAnA Avazyaka nahIM hai| ina pAMcoM ke viSaya meM hama krama se varNana kreNge| mukhya-mukhya granthoM meM ye pAMcoM viSaya mizrita rUpa meM ullikhita haiN| viSNupurANa (3 / 13 / 7) meM aisI vyavasthA hai ki zizu kI mRtyu para, yA dezAntara meM kisI kI mRtyu para, yA patita yA yati (saMnyAsI) kI mRtyu para, yA jala, agni yA phAMsI laTakAkara mara jAnevAle AtmaghAtaka kI mRtyu para sadyaHzauca hotA hai| aura dekhie gautama (14 / 11 evaM 42) tathA vAmanapurANa (14199) / yAjJa0 (3 / 28-29) ke mata se yajJa ke lie varaNa kiye gaye purohitoM ko, jaba unheM madhuparka diyA jA cukA ho, janana yA maraNa kI sthiti meM, sadyaHzIca (snAna dvArA zuddhi) karanA par3atA hai| yahI bAta una logoM ke lie bhI hai jo somayAga jaise vaidika yajJoM ke lie dIkSita ho cuke haiM, jo kisI dAnagRha meM bhojana-dAna karate rahate haiM, jo cAndrAyaNa jaise vrata yA snAtakadharma-pAlana meM lage rahate haiM, jo brahmacArI (Azrama ke kartavyoM meM saMlagna) haiM, jo prati dina gau, sone Adi ke dAna meM lage rahate haiM (dAna ke samaya), jo brahmajJAnI (saMnyAsI) haiM, dAna dete samaya, vivAha, vaidika yajJoM, 20. atra saba pvmhoraatraarssprm|.... sandhye saba ityAhustrisandhyakAhikaH smRtaH / dve'hanI ekarAtrizca pakSiNItyabhidhIyate // iti bhaTTanArAyaNavacanAt / sandhye saba ityAhustrisandhyakAha ucyte| dinadvayakarAtristu pakSiNItyabhidhIyate // iti navyavarSamAnadhRtavacanAcca / sagha ekAhenAzaucamiti pArijAte, saba ekAheneti smRtisAre, ekamahaH saba iti zuddhipanyA drshnaacceti| taccArSa dinamAtraM rAtrimAtraM ca / etadeva kvacit sajyotiHpadena vyapavizvate / zuddhitattva (pR0 340-341) / viprakAza (pR. 93) kA kathana hai ki ve sandhye sarca' Adi nArAyaNabhaTTa ke gobhilabhASya meM pAyA jAtA hai| __ 21. sadhaH zaucaM nAma snAnAntamagham / sacaH zaucaM tu tAvatsyAvAzaucaM saMsthitasya tu / yAvatsnAnaM na kurvanti sacalaM bAndhavA bhiH|| ityaMgirasmaraNAt / smRtima0 (pR0 481) / 22. divase divase piNDo deya evaM krameNa tu / sabaHzaucepi dAtavyAH sarvepi yugapattathA // AdipurANa (hAralatA, 10 165) / vizacchalokI (28) kI vyAkhyA meM raghunAtha ne isake antima pAda ko brahmapurANa se uddhRta kiyA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki brahmapurANa, jo bahuta-se pranyoM meM 18purANoM meM sarvaprathama varNita hai, mAdipurANa bhI kahA jAtA thaa|

Page #181
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa yuddha (unake lie jo abhI yuddhabhUmi meM jAnevAle haiM), (mAkramaNa ke kAraNa) deza meM viplava ke samaya tathA durbhikSa yA ApatkAla meM (jaba ki prANarakSA ke lie koI kahIM bhI bhojana grahaNa kara sakatA hai) sabaHzIca hotA hai| gautama0 (14143-44) kA kathana hai ki rAjAoM (nahIM to unake kartavyoM meM bAdhA par3egI) evaM brAhmaNoM (nahIM to unake zikSaNakArya avaruddha ho jAyeMge) ke lie sadyaHzIca hotA hai| yahI bAta zaMkha-likhita (rAjA pAyatanaM sarveSAM tasmAdanavaruddhaH pretaprasavadoSaH) ne bhI kahI hai (zuddhikalpataru, pR062)| mnu(5|93) meM aisA AyA hai ki rAjAoM, vratoM evaM satroM (gavAmayana Adi) meM saMlagna logoM ko Azauca kA doSa nahIM lagatA, kyoMki rAjA indra kA sthAna grahaNa karatA hai aura ve brahma ke (jo sabhI doSoM se mukta hai) samAna haiN| manu (5 / 94) Age kahate haiM ki 'sadyaHzauca rAjA kI usa sthiti ke lie vyavasthita hai jo (pUrva janmoM ke) sadguNoM se prApta hotI hai, aura prajA kI parirakSA karane ke kAraNa prApta hotI hai, ataH isa niyama kI vyavasthA usakI isa sthiti ke kAraNa hI hai| isI prakAra, gomilasmRti (3164-65, jise kAtyAyana ne chandogapariziSTa ke rUpa meM uddhRta kiyA hai) kA kathana hai ki sUtaka meM brahmacArI ko apane viziSTa karma (vedAdhyayana evaM vrata)nahIM chor3ane cAhie, dIkSita hone para yajamAna ko yajJa-karma nahIM chor3anA cAhie, prAyazcitta karane vAle ko kRccha Adi nahIM tyAganA cAhie; aise loga pitA-mAtA ke marane para bhI azuddhi ko prApta nahIM hote|" kUrmapurANa (uttarArdha, pR0 23361) kA kathana hai ki naiSThika brahmacArI (jo jIvana bhara vedAdhyayana karate rahate haiM aura gRhasthAzrama meM praviSTa nahIM hote) evaM anya brahmacArI tathA yati (saMnyAsI) ke viSaya meM mRtyu para Azauca nahIM hotA (dekhie hAralatA, pR0 114; parA0 mA0 112, pR0 254; nirNayasindhu, pR0 543; liMgapurANa, pUrvArdha 8977 evaM atri 97-98) / mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 28) kA kathana hai ki brahmacarya, vAnaprastha evaM saMnyAsa ke AzramoM ke viSaya meM kisI bhI samaya yA kisI bhI viSaya meM Azauca nahIM lagatA; saMnyAsiyoM evaM brahmacAriyoM ko mAtA-pitA kI mRtyu para vastrasahita snAna mAtra kara lenA cAhie (dharmasindhu, pR0 442) / una logoM ke viSaya meM, jo lagAtAra dAna-karma meM saMlagna rahate haiM yA vratAdi karate rahate haiM, kevala tabhI Azauca nahIM lagatA jaba ki ve una viziSTa kRtyoM meM lage rahate haiM, kintu jaba ve anya karmoM meM vyasta rahate haiM yA anya logoM ke sAtha dainika karma meM saMyuta rahate haiM taba Azauca se mukti nahIM miltii| aise hI niyama parAzara, (3 / 21-22) meM bhI pAye jAte haiN| manu (5 / 91) kA ullekha karate hue 23. na rAnAmaghadoSosti vatinAM na ca satriNAm / ainna sthAnamupAsInA brahmabhUtA hi te sadA // rAmo mAhArimake sthAne sabaHzaucaM vidhIyate / prajAnAM parirakSArthamAsanaM cAtra kAraNam // manu (5 / 93) / pahalA zloka vasiSTha (19 / 48) meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai jise usane yama kA kahA hai (phahara kA saMskaraNa azuddha hai, use 'nAghadoSosti' ke rUpa meM zuddha kara denA caahie)| yahI vyavasthA hai jisake anusAra rAjA (cAhe kSatriya yA brAhmaNa yA zUra) Azauca se mukta hai| viSNadharmasatra (22147-52) me yaha kahate hae ki 'jaba rAjA rAjA ke sadaza apane kartavyoM ko karate rahate haiM. to ve mAzauca se mukta rahate haiM, Azauca para rukAvaTa lagAyI hai-'na rAmA rAjakarmaNi na atinAM vrate na satriNI satre na kAraNAM svakarmaNi na rAjAjJAkAriNAM tbicchyaa|' 24. na tyajetsUtake karma brahmacArI svakaM svacit / na dIkSaNAtparaM yo nAcchAdi tapazcaran // pitaryapi mate neSAM doSo bhavati kahiMcit / gobhilasmRti (3364-65, hAralatA, pR0 17; aparArpha, pR0 919 evaM zuvikalpa pR. 64) / 25. satriNAM vatinAM satrevate ca zuddhinaM karmamAtre saMvyavahAre vaa|....braahmvictiH| eteSAM ca trayANAmAthamiNI sarvatra shuddhiH| vizeSa pramANAbhAvAt / mitA0 (pAna. 3228) /

Page #182
sadyaHzauca; pAMca sAloM meM zauca kA saMkoca 1175 yaha pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai ki brahmacArI apane pitA, mAtA, upAdhyAya, AcArya evaM guru; pAMca vyaktiyoM ko chor3akara kisI anya kI antyeSTi-kriyAe~ (zava DhonA, jalAnA Adi) nahIM kara sktaa| vaha apane mAtA-pitA kI antyeSTi karane evaM jala-piNDa Adi dene meM Azauca se Abaddha nahIM hotaa| kintu yadi vaha uparyukta pAMca vyaktiyoM ko chor3akara kisI anya ke lie vaisA karatA hai to use dasa dinoM kA Azauca evaM prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai aura punaH upanayana saMskAra karanA hotA hai| brAhmaNa ko samAvartana (vaidika zikSaka ke yahAM se lauTane ) ke pazcAt una sabhI logoM ke lie, jo usake vidyArthI-jIvana meM mRta hue the, tIna dinoM kA Azauca karanA par3atA thA (mana 5 / 88 evaM viSNudharma0 22187) / gautama (14142-44) kA kathana hai ki sAmAnyataH (dAMta nikalane evaM cUr3AkaraNa ke pUrva) zizuoM, dezAntaragata logoM, saMnyAsiyoM, asapiNDoM kI mRtyu para sambandhI snAna karake zuddha ho jAte haiN|" zuddhiprakAza (pR0 93) kA kathana hai ki yadyapi purohita ke lie Azauca nahIM hai, jaisA ki yAjJa0 (3 / 28) ne kahA hai, tathApi yajJiya purohita evaM dIkSita ko sapiNDa kI mRtyu para snAna karanA par3atA hai| brahmacArI ko bhI apane pitA yA mAtA kI zavayAtrA meM bhAga lene para snAna karanA par3atA hai, kintu saMnyAsI ko snAna bhI nahIM karanA par3atA (aura usake samaya meM aisI hI paramparA bhI thii)| dasare prakAra ke apavAda aise viSayoM se sambandhita haiM jinameM vyakti Azauca meM rahane para bhI kucha aise karma kate haiM jinase unako Azauca nahIM laga sakatA, jinake sAtha ve vyavahAra meM yA samparka meM Ate haiN| udAharaNArtha, parAzara (3 / 20-21) kA kathana hai ki-zilpI (yathA citrakAra yA ghobI yA raMgasAja), kAruka (naukara-cAkara, yathA rasoiyA Adi), vaidya, dAsa-dAsI, nAI, rAjA evaM zrotriya sadyaHzauca ghoSita haiM; isI prakAra vrata (cAndrAyaNa Adi) karane vAle, satra (gavAmayana Adi) meM lage rahane ke kAraNa pavitra ho gaye loga, vaha brAhmaNa jo AhitAgni (zrItAgniyoM ko pratiSThita karanevAlA) hai, sadyaHzauca karate haiM; rAjA bhI Azauca nahIM karatA, aura vaha bhI (yathA rAjA kA purohita) jise rAjA apane kAma ke lie vaisA nahIM karane denA caahtaa|" AdipurANa ne tarka upasthita kiyA hai ki zilpI, vaidya Adi Azauca se kyoM nivRtta haiM (jaba ki unheM apane viziSTa kArya karane kI chUTa dI huI hai); ye vyakti jo kArya karate haiM unheM anya koI nahIM kara sakatA, kama-se-kama utanA acchA evaM zIghratA se nahIM kara sktaa| yahAM yaha jJAtavya hai ki zilpI, vaidya Adi ke viSaya meM AzaucAbhAva tabhI hotA hai jaba ki ve apane vyavasAya Adi meM 26. vAladezAntaritapravajitAsapiNDAnAM sadyaHzaucam / rAjJAM kAryavirodhAt / bAhmaNasya ca svaadhyaayaanivtyrthm| gau0 (14 / 42-44) / parAzara (3 / 10) evaM vAmanapurANa (14199-100) meM uparyukta prathama sUtra ke zabda zloka rUpa meM varNita haiN| 27. zilpinaH kAlakA vaidyA dAsIdAsAzca naapitaaH| rAjAnaH zrotriyAzcaiva sadyaHzaucAH prkiirtitaaH|| savataH satrapUtazca AhitAgnizca yo dvijH| rAmazca sUtakaM nAsti yasya cecchati paarthivH|| parAzara (3 / 20-21) / 28. tathA caadipuraanne| zilpinazcitrakArAyAH karma yamsApayansyalam / tatkarma nAnyo jAnAti tasmAcchuDAH svakarmaNi // sUpakAreNa yatkarma karaNIyaM nressvih| tabanyo naiva jAnAti tasmAcchayaH sa sUpakRt // cikitsako yatkurate tavanyena na shkyte| tasmAccikitsakaH sparza zukho bhavati nityshH||baasyo vAsAzca yatkiMcit kurvantyapi ca liilyaa| savanyo na kSamaH katuM tasmAtte zucayaH sadA ||raajaa karoti yatkana svapnebhyanyasya tatkatham / evaM sati nRpaH zuddhaH saMsparza mRtasUtake // yatkarma rAjabhRtyAnAM hastyazvagamanAvikam / tannAsti yasmAvanyasya tasmAte zuSayaH smRtaaH|| parAzaramAdhavIya (132, pR0 255-256) /

Page #183
1176 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa saMlagna rahate haiM, aisA nahIM hai ki ve anya dhArmika kRtyoM, zrAddha evaM dAnAdi karmoM meM lage rahane para bhI aisI chUTa pAte haiM (zuddhiprakAza, pR0 95) / viSNudharma0 (22148-52) ne bhI aisA hI kahA hai| triMzacchlokI (18) ne aise viziSTa karmoM kI eka lambI sUcI dI hai| kUrmapurANa (uttarAdha, 23 // 57-64) meM isa viSaya para nau zloka haiM, jinheM hAralatA (pR0 114) ne uddhRta kiyA hai| __ hamane bahuta pahale dekha liyA hai (gata adhyAya meM) ki pAraskaragRhyasUtra (3 // 10 'nityAni vinivartante vaitAnavarjam'), manu (5 / 84) evaM yAjJa0 (3 / 17) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki una logoM ko bhI, jo mRtyu ke Azauca se yukta haiM, zrautAgniyoM ke kRtya nahIM banda karane cAhie, pratyuta unheM svayaM karate rahanA cAhie yA kisI anya se karAte rahanA caahie| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki Azauca kI sthiti meM bhI kucha dhArmika kRtya karane kI anumati milatI hai| dharmasindhu (pR0 552) kA kathana hai ki jaba koI anya vikalpa na ho yA Apatti-kAla ho tabhI isa prakAra ke apavAda kA upayoga karanA caahie| yaha pahale hI ullikhita ho cukA hai ki Azauca meM pravRtta logoM se bhI kucha padArtha evaM sAmagriyA~ binA kisI azuddhi ke grahaNa kI jA sakatI haiN| yaha una viSayoM kA, jo Azauca ke niyamoM kI paridhi ke bAhara haiM arthAt apavAda haiM, tIsarA prakAra hai| Azauca kI paridhi meM na AnevAle viSayoM ke cauthe prakAra meM aise vyakti Ate haiM jo kisI doSa ke aparAdhI haiM yA jo kalaMkI hote haiN| gautama (14 / 11) evaM zaMkha-likhita ne vyavasthA dI hai ki unake lie sadya:zauca hotA hai jo AtmahantA hote haiM aura apane prANa mahAyAtrA (himAlaya Adi meM jAkara), upavAsa, kRpANa jaise astroM, agni, viSa yA jala se yA phA~sI para laTaka jAne se (rassI se jhUlakara) yA prapAta se gavA~ dete haiN|" yAjJa0 (316) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki ve striyA~, jo pASaNDa-dharmAvalambI athavA vidharmI ho gayI haiM, jo kisI viziSTa Azrama meM nahIM rahatIM, jo (sone Adi kI) corI karatI haiM, jo patighnI hotI haiM, jo vyabhicAriNI hotI haiM, jo madya pItI haiM, jo AtmahatyA karane kA prayala karatI haiM, ve marane para jala-tarpaNa ke ayogya hotI haiM aura unake lie Azauca nahIM kiyA jaataa| jahA~ taka sambhava hai, yaha zloka puruSoM ke lie bhI prayukta hotA hai| yahI bAta manu (5 / 80-90) meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai| kUrmapurANa (uttarArca, 22160-63) ne bhI kahA hai ki usake lie, jo apane ko agni, viSa Adi se mAra DAlatA hai, na to Azauca hotA hai, na zavadAha hotA hai aura na jala-tarpaNa hotA hai| patitoM kA zavadAha nahIM hotA, unake lie antyeSTi, asthisaMcayana, rudana, piNDadAna evaM zrAddha Adi nahIM karanA caahie|" 29. tattatkAryeSu satrivatinRpanRpabaddIkSitatvikasvadeza-bhraMzApatsvapyanekazrutipaThanabhiSakkAruzilpyAturANAm / saMprAramdheSu dAnopanayanayajanazrAvayuddhapratiSThA-cUgatIrSiyAtrAjapapariNayanAdyutsaveSvetadarthe / zicchlokI (18) / napavat kA artha hai npsevk| 30. prAyAgniviSodakohandhanaprapatanazvecyatAm / atha zastrAnAzakAgni-raNa-bhRgu-ala-viSa-pramApaNeSvevameva / zaMkhalikhitau (hAralatA, pR0 113); bhRgvagnipAzakAmbhobhirbhUtAnAmAtmaghAtinAm / patitAnAM tu nAzaucaM vidyunchastrahatAzca ye|| agnipurANa (157 // 32) / aura dekhie vAmanapurANa (14199-100) / 31. patitAnA na vaahH| agnipurANa (159 / 2-4) kA kathana hai ki 'AtmanastyAginAM nAsti patitAnAM tathA kiyaa| teSAmapi tathA gAMgatoyesnA patanaM hitam // teSAM vattaM jalaM pAnaM gagane tatpralIyate / anugraheNa mahatA pretasya patitasya ca / nArAyaNabaliH kaarystenaanugrhmshnute||'

Page #184
apamRtyu yA AtmahatyA karanevAloM ke zrAddhakarma kA vicAra 1177 mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 6) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki 'yadi cANDAla se lar3ate hue duSTa prakRti vAle manuSyoM kI mRtyu ho jAya yA jala, sarpa, brAhmaNa, bijalI yA tIkSNa danta vAle pazuoM (vyAghrAdi) dvArA mRtyu ho jAya aura unheM (jo isa prakAra jAnabUjhakara prANa ga~vAte haiM) jala- piNDa Adi diye jAyeM to ve (jala, piNDa) unake pAsa nahIM pahu~cate aura antarikSa meM hI naSTa ho jAte haiN|' ye zabda usa mRtyu se sambandhita haiM jo vyAghra, sarpa Adi ke sAtha krodhapUrvaka lar3ane se hotI hai yA krodhavaza yA cintAkula hone para jala Adi dvArA AtmahatyA se hotI hai / kintu koI asAvadhAnI yA pramAda ke kAraNa yA jala dvArA mara jAya to aMgirA ne usake lie jala-tarpaNa evaM Azauca kI vyavasthA dI hai|" yahI bAta brahmapurANa ( haradatta, gautama 14 / 11), zuddhiprakAza ( pR0 56-57), nirNayasindhu ( pR0 550 ) meM bhI kahIM gayI hai aura itanA jor3a diyA gayA hai ki yadi koI patitoM ko anugrahavaza jala yA zrAddha detA hai yA unakA zavadAha karatA hai to use prAyazcitta ( yathA do taptakRccha ) karanA par3atA hai| yadi koI AhitAgni yuddha karate hue cANDAloM ke hAtha se mara jAya, yA AtmahatyA kara le to usakA zava zUdroM dvArA jalAyA jAnA cAhie, kintu mantroM kA uccAraNa nahIM honA cAhie, aura gomilasmRti ( 3 / 49-51) AyA hai ki usake yajJapAtra evaM zrautAgniyA~ samApta kara dI jAnI caahie| yadyapi AtmahatyA sAmAnyataH varjita thI, kintu smRtiyoM (yathA atri 218-219 ) evaM purANoM ne kucha apavAda diye haiM, yathA-- atyadhika bUr3he loga (lagabhaga 70 varSa ke), atyadhika durbala loga jo apane zarIra ko zuddha rakhane ke niyamoM kA pAlana na kara sakeM, yA ve loga jo indriya-bhoga kI icchA se hIna hoM, yA ve loga jo sAre kArya evaM kartavya kara cuke hoM, mahAprasthAna kara sakate haiM yA prayAga meM mara sakate haiN| isa viSaya meM dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 27 / yadi koI zAstrAnumodita DhaMga se apane ko mAra DAlatA hai to yaha pApa nahIM kahA jA sakatA aura usake lie Azauca, jala-tarpaNa evaM zrAddha kiye jAte haiM / yaha jJAtavya hai ki mahAprasthAna karanA, prapAta se girakara yA agni dvArA mara jAnA bUr3hoM ke lie kaliyuga meM varjita hai / dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 3, adhyAya 34 / mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 6) ne vRddha-yAjJavalkya evaM chAgaleya ko uddhRta kara kahA hai ki zAstra ke niyamoM ke viruddha AtmahatyA karane para eka varSa ke uparAnta nAra / yaNabali karanI cAhie aura usake uparAnta zrAddhakarma kara denA cAhie / mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 6) ne viSNupurANa para nirbhara hokara nArAyaNabali kA varNana yoM kiyA hai-- mAsa ke zukla pakSa kI ekAdazI ko viSNu evaM yama kI pUjA karake dakSiNAbhimukha hokara darbhoM ke aMkuroM ko dakSiNa ora karake maghu, ghRta evaM tila se mizrita dasa piNDa diye jAne cAhie aura mRta vyakti kA viSNu ke rUpa meM dhyAna karanA cAhie, usake nAma aura gotra kA uccAraNa karanA cAhie, piNDoM para candana Adi rakhanA cAhie aura piNDoM ko hilA dene taka ke sAre kRtya karake unheM nadI meM DAla denA cAhie, unheM patnI yA kisI anya ko nahIM denA caahe| usa dina kI rAtri ko brAhmaNoM ko viSama saMkhyA meM Amantrita karanA cAhie, upavAsa karanA cAhie aura dUsare dina viSNu kI pUjA karanI cAhie, madhyAhna meM brAhmaNoM ke pAda-prakSAlana se lekara ekoddiSTa zrAddha kI vidhi ke anusAra unakI ( bhojana Adi se ) santuSTi taka ke sAre kRtya karane cAhie / isake uparAnta ullekhana ( rekhAe~ khIMcanA ) se lekara avanejana (jala siMcana) taka ke kRtyoM ko piNDapitRyajJa kI vidhi ke anusAra mauna rUpa se karanA caahie| viSNu, brahmA, ziva evaM yama ko ( unakI mUrtiyoM ko) unake sahagAmiyoM ke sAtha cAra piNDa dene cAhie, mRta ko nAma gotra se smaraNa karanA cAhie aura viSNu kA 32. yadi kazcitpramAdena striyetAgnyuvakAdibhiH / tasyAzaucaM vidhAtavyaM kartavyA codakakriyA // aMgirA (mitA0, yAjJa0 3 / 6) / auzanasasmRti (adhyAya 7) meM bhI aisA hI zloka hai|

Page #185
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa 1178 nAma lekara pA~cavA~ piNDa denA caahie| brAhmaNoM ko dakSiNA ke sAtha santuSTa kara ( jaba ve Acamana kara leM ) unameM se sabase bar3e guNavAn ko mRta ke pratinidhi rUpa meM mAnakara aura use godAna, bhUmidAna, ghanadAna se saMtuSTa kara sabhI brAhmaNoM kI, jinake hAtha meM pavitra rahate haiM, jala-tila dene ko udvelita karanA cAhie aura anta meM anya sambandhiyoM ke sAtha bhojana karanA caahie| uparyukta vivecana se prakaTa hotA hai ki nArAyaNabali kevala AtmahantAoM ke lie kI jAtI hai aura AtmahantA kI mRtyu ke eka varSa uparAnta hI yaha kI jAtI hai| hAralatA ( pR0 212 ) kA bhI yahI kahanA hai aura usane viSNu 0 ke eka zloka kA havAlA dete hue una logoM ke lie bhI anumodita mAnA hai jo gauoM yA brAhmaNoM dvArA mAra DAle ye haiM yA jo patita haiM, aura isa bali ko dezavizeSa-vyavasthA taka sImita ThaharAyA hai| nArAyaNabali ke viSaya meM nArAyaNa bhaTTa kI antyeSTipaddhati meM vistAra ke sAtha vivecana pAyA jAtA hai / aura khie smRtyarthasAra ( pR0 85-86 ), bRhatparAzara (5, pR0 175 - 176), nirNayasindhu, hemAdri, garur3apurANa (3|4|113-119) / 1 vaikhAnasasmArtasUtra (10 / 9 ) ne bhI nArAyaNabali kI paddhati kA saMkSipta varNana kiyA hai| usameM AtmaghAtakoM, mAre gaye logoM evaM saMnyAsiyoM ke viSaya meM isa bali kA ullekha hai / usameM yaha bhI AyA hai ki yahI kRtya 12 varSoM ke uparAnta mRta mahApAtakiyoM ke lie bhI karanA caahie| baudhAyanagRhya zeSasUtra ( 3 / 20 evaM 21 ) meM do vighiyAM varNita haiM, jinameM dUsarI pazcAtkAlIna hai aura usameM cANDAloM Adi dvArA mAre jAne kA prasiddha zloka bhI hai| " Azauca-niyamoM ke pA~caveM apavAda - prakAra meM ve niyama Ate haiM jinake anusAra vyakti ko Azauca karanA anivArya nahIM hai / gautama ( 14 / 8-10 ) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki sapiNDa loga una logoM ke lie, jo gauoM evaM brAhmaNoM ke lie mara jAte haiM, jo rAjA ke krodha ke kAraNa mAra DAle jAte haiM aura jo raNabhUmi meM mara jAte haiM, Azauca nahIM manAte, kevala sadyaH zauca karate haiN| manu ( 5 / 95 evaM 98 ) ke mata se sapiNDa loga unake lie, jo DimbAhava (zastra-rahita jhagar3e yA daMge) meM, bijalI se yA rAjA dvArA (kisI aparAdha ke kAraNa), gobrAhmaNa-rakSA meM, kSatriya ke samAna raNabhUmi meM talavAra se mAra DAle jAte haiM, Azauca nahIM manAte aura ve loga bhI jinheM rAjA ( apane kAryavaza ) aisA karane nahIM denA cAhatA, Azauca nahIM manAte / " zAtAtapa (smRtica0, Azauca, pR0 171 ne ise vasiSTha kA kathana mAnA hai) ke mata se yati ke marane para usake putra evaM sapiNDa usake lie jala tarpaNa, piNDadAna evaM Azauca nahIM krte| dharmasindhu ( pR0 449 ) kA kathana hai ki yaha niyama sabhI prakAra ke yatiyoM ke lie hai, cAhe ve tridaNDI hoM, ekadaNDI hoM, haMsa 33. cANDAlAvakAt sarpAd brAhmaNAdvaidyutAvapi / daMSTrimyazca pazubhyazca maraNaM pApakarmaNAm // bau0 gu0 zeSasUtra ( 3 / 21) / isI ko aparArka ( pR0 877) ne yama kA kahA hai, zuddhiprakAza ( pR0 56 ) ne smRtyantara mAnA hai aura mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 6) ne binA nAma ke uddhRta kiyA hai| 34. gobrAhmaNahatAnAmanvakSam / rAjakoSAcca / yuddhe / gautama 0 ( 14 / 8-10 ) / haravatta ne vyAkhyA kI hai-- 'anated pratyakSyate zavastAvatsaMskArAntaM snAtvA zudhyeranniti / ' mitA0 ( yAza0 3 / 21) ne ise isa prakAra vyAkhyAta kiyA hai--' tatsambandhinAM cAnvakSamanugatamakSa manvakSaM sadyaH zaucamityarthaH / ' 35. DimbA hatAnAM ca vidyutA pArthivena ca / gobrAhmaNasya caivArthe yasya cecchati pArthivaH / manu ( 5095 ) . / kullUka evaM hAralatA (pU0 111) ne 'DimbAhava' ko 'nRpatirahita yuddha' kahA hai, kintu haravatta ne 'Dimba' ko 'janasaMmarva' mAnA hai; aparArka (pU0 916) ne DimbAhava ko azastrakalaha evaM zuddhikalpatara (10 46 ) ne ise ' azastrakalahaH saMmardo vA' ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAta kiyA hai|

Page #186
Azauca ke apavAdoM kA vidhi-niSedha; ajJAta bhUtaka kI tithi; zAntikarma 1179 hoM yA paramahaMsa hoM / isI prakAra vAnaprastha kI mRtyu para bhI Azauca nahIM hotA / jisa vyakti ne jIvitAvasthA meM hI apanA zrAddha kara liyA, usake sapiNDa usake lie Azauca kara bhI sakate haiM aura nahIM bhI kara sakate / brahmacArI kI mRtyu para Azauca hotA hai| dharmasindhu ( pR0 449 ) ne itanA aura kahA hai ki yuddha meM mRta ke lie Azauca nahIM hotA, kintu brAhmaNoM (jo yuddha meM mRta hote haiM) ke lie ziSToM kI paramparA yA vyavahAra yA AcAra kucha aura hI hai, arthAt Azauca kiyA jAtA hai| " parAzara ( 3 / 12-13 ) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki yadi koI dezAntara meM bahuta dinoM taka rahakara mara jAya aura yaha jJAta ho jAya ki vaha mRta ho gayA, kintu mRtyu- tithi kA patA na cala sake, to kRSNa pakSa kI aSTamI yA ekAdazI tithi yA amAvasyA ko mRtyu-tithi mAnakara usa dina jala-tarpaNa, piNDadAna evaM zrAddha kara denA cAhie aura parA0 mA0 ( 1/2, pR0 237 ) ke mata se usI dina se Azauca bhI mAnanA caahie| kiMtu laghu-hArIta kA kathana hai ki yadi zrAddha ke samaya koI avarodha ho jAya yA mRtya- tithi jJAta na ho to AnevAle kRSNa pakSa kI ekAdazI ko antyeSTi-kRtya sampAdita kara denA cAhie ( zuddhikaumudI, pR0 17 ) / nibandhoM ne isa bAta para bahuta bala diyA hai ki Azauca ke viSaya meM dezAcAroM ko mahattva avazya denA caahie| hAralatA ( pR0 55 evaM 205 ) ne AdipurANa se vacana uddhRta kara dezAcAroM ke pramANa kI ora viziSTa saMketa kiyA hai (deza-dharmapramANatvAt ) / zuddhitattva ( pR0 275 ) ne marIci kA eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai-- viziSTa sthAnoM ke pracalita zauca-sambandhI niyamoM evaM dhArmika AcAroM kA anAdara nahIM karanA cAhie; una sthAnoM meM dharmAcAra usI prakAra kA hotA hai / pR0 276 para isane vAmanapurANa se eka ukti uddhRta kI hai| " yaha jJAtavya hai, jaisA ki dakSa ( 6 / 15) ne kahA hai, ki Azauca ke sabhI niyama tabhI prayukta hote haiM, jaba ki kAla svastha evaM zAntimaya ho, kintu jaba vyakti Apadgrasta ho to sUtaka sUtaka nahIM rahatA, arthAta taba Azauca ( ke niyamoM) kA prayoga yA balapUrvaka pravartana nahIM hotA / " viSNudharmasUtra (19118-19 ) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki AzaucAvadhi ke uparAnta grAma ke bAhara jAnA cAhie, bAla banavAne cAhie, tila yA sapheda sarasoM ke ubaTana se zarIra meM lepa karake snAna karanA cAhie aura vastra-parivartana kara ghara meM praveza karanA caahie| isake uparAnta zAntikRtya karake brAhmaNapUjana karanA cAhie / " bahuta-se nibandhoM ne vistRta vidhi dI hai| udAharaNArtha, zuddhikaumudI ( pR0 155 - 164 ) ne tIna vedoM ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie ekAdazAha ke dina kI vidhi pRthak rUpa se dI hai| kucha mukhya bAteM nimna haiM / sampUrNa zarIra se snAna ke uparAnta sapiNDoM ko gau, sonA, agni, TUba evaM ghRta chUnA cAhie aura govinda kA nAma-smaraNa karanA cAhie, taba brAhmaNoM dvArA jala-mArjana karAkara 'svasti' pATha kahalAnA caahie| yadi brAhmaNa na mileM to 'zAnti' svayaM kara lenI caahie| hAralatA kA kathana hai ki binA 36. yuddhamRtepyAzaucaM neti sarvagranyeSUpalabhyate na tvevaM brAhmaNeSu ziSTAcAra iti / dharmasindhu ( pR0 449 ) / 37. tathA ca marIciH / yeSu sthAneSu yacchaucaM dharmAcArazca yAdRzaH / tatra tanAvamanyeta dharmastatraiva tAdRzaH // dhara (zuddhiviveka); zu0 kau0 ( pR0 360 ) ; zuddhita0 ( pR0 275) / tathA ca vAmanapurANe - 'dezAnuziSTaM kuladharmamagrayaM sagotradharma na hi santyajecca' (zuddhitattva, pR0 276 ) / 38. svasthakAle tathA sarva-sUtaka parikIrtitam / Apadgrastasya sarvasya sUtake'pi na sUtakam / / dakSa ( 6 / 15) / 39. grAmAnniSkramyAzaucAnte kRtazmazrukarmANastilakalkaiH sarSapakalkairvA snAtAH parivartitavAsaso gRhaM pravizeyuH / tatra zAntiM kRtvA brAhmaNAnAM ca pUjanaM kuryuH / viSNudharmasUtra ( 19 / 18-19 ) / 76

Page #187
1180 pazAstra kA itihAsa 'zAnti' ke jalAzauca pUrNatayA dUra nahIM hotaa| sAmaveda ke anuyAyiyoM ko 'zAnti ke lie vAmadevagAna par3hanA cAhie yA gAyatrI ko Adi evaM anta meM kahakara sAmaveda ke antima mantra (svasti na indraH) ke sAtha 'kayAnazcitra, 'kastvA satya,''abhI khUNa:' kA pATha karanA caahie| ye sabhI mantra sAmavediyoM ke lie haiN| yajurvediyoM ke lie Adi evaM anta meM gAyatrI ke sAtha 17 mantra (Adi meM RcaM vAcaM prapadye' evaM anta meM 'dyauH zAntiH') 'zAnti ke lie kahe jAte haiN| RgvediyoM ko Adi evaM anta meM gAyatrI ke sAtha R0 ke 10 / 9 / 4, 7 / 35 / 1, 5 / 4715 Adi mantroM ke sAtha zAnti karanI caahie| isake uparAnta cAMdI ke sAtha kucha sonA brAhmaNoM ko denA cAhie, taba vaitaraNI gau denI cAhie yadi vaha mRtyu ke samaya na dI gayI ho to aura anta meM palaMga Adi kA dAna (zayyA-dAna) karanA caahie| hamane yaha dekha liyA hai ki maulika rUpa se sUtroM (zAMkhAyana0 Adi) evaM smatiyoM (manu Adi) ne isa bAta para bala dekara kahA hai ki Azauca ke dinoM ko baDhAnA nahIM cAhie aura vedajJoM eka AhitAgniyoM ko Azauca karanA cAhie (parAzara0 3 / 5 evaM dakSa 6 / 6) / kintu antatogatvA Azauca ko sIdhe rUpa meM manAne ke lie sabhI sapiNDoM ke lie dasa dinoM kI avadhi nirdhArita ho gayI (manu 5 / 59) / prAcIna kAla meM AvAgamana ke sAdhana sImita the ataH pAsa meM rahanevAle sambandhiyoM ke yahA~ bhI janana-maraNa ke samAcAra bahuta dera meM pahuMcate the, isI lie Azauca-niyamoM se sambandhita avarodha logoM ko bahuta burA nahIM lagatA thaa| isI kAraNa tathA sabhI prakAra ke vibhAgoM, upavibhAgoM evaM zreNiyoM ke viSaya meM dharmazAstrakAroM ke bar3e jhakAva ke kAraNa hama madhya kAla ke lekhakoM ko Azauca jaise viSayoM para atyadhika dhyAna dete hue dekhate haiN| bhAratavarSa meM Azauca-sambandhI jo niyA dekhane meM Ate haiM ve anyatra durlabha haiN| Ajakala DAka, rela, vAyuyAna evaM tAra kI suvidhAoM ke kAraNa prAcIna evaM madhya kAla ke Azauca-niyama logoM ko bahuta akharate haiN| kabhI-kabhI IrSyA karanevAle yA kisI prakAra ke manamuTAva ke kAraNa duSTa prakRti ke loga vivAha jaise utsavoM meM janana yA maraNa ke saMdeza bhejakara bAdhA DAlate haiN| ataH Azauca-sambandhI niyamoM meM asuvidhAoM ke dUrIkaraNa ke lie upAya karane cAhie, jisase kaThinAiyoM, samayApavyaya ko dUra kara smRti-vacanoM ke sAtha pavitratA kI rakSA kI jA ske| kama-se-kama jananAzauca meM Ajakala eka sarala niyama kA pAlana kiyA jA sakatA hai, arthAta kevala mAtA ko dasa dinoM kA Azauca karanA caahie| aisA karane se uparyukta smRti-vacanoM meM koI vibheda utpanna nahIM hogaa| maraNAzauca ke viSaya meM cAra niyama sAmAnyataH paryApta hoMge, jo nimna haiM (1) putra kI mRtyu para dasa dinoM kA Azauca mAtA-pitA kareM, isI prakAra mAtA-pitA kI mRtyu para putra bhI kare, pati kI matyu para patnI aura patnI kI mRtyu para pati bhI aisA kare aura vaha bhI aisA kare jo zavadAha karatA hai yA mRtyUttarabhAvI kRtya karatA hai| (2) uparyukta logoM ke atirikta anya loga, jo mRta ke pAsa saMyukta parivAra ke sadasya ke rUpa meM rahate the, kevala tIna dinoM kA Azauca kreN| (3) sabhI sambandhiyoM ke lie mRtyu ke pazcAt varSa ke bhItara saMdeza pahu~cane para sadyaHzauca (kevala snAna se parizuddhi) paryApta hai| (4) varSa ke uparAnta mRtyu-sandeza pahuMcane para kevala prathama niyama ke antargata AnevAle vyakti hI sadya:zauca kreN| yadi hama prAcIna evaM Adhunika adhivAsiyoM ke AcAroM para dhyAna deM to prakaTa hogA ki atyanta mahattvapUrNa niSedha maraNa para tathA prasava evaM mAsika dharma ke samaya striyoM para rakhe gaye the| prAcIna ijarAiliyoM meM aisI prathA thI ki mRtyu hone para jo kucha azuddha padArtha hote the ve zivira ke bAhara rakha diye jAte the aura ve mRta ke lie koI Ahuti nahIM dene pAte the| sIriyanoM meM jo mRta ke kula ke hote the, ve 30 dinoM taka bAhara rahate the aura muNDita-sira hokara

Page #188
Azauca para kucha sunAva; mAzIca kA galana; anya zuddhiyoM kA vicAra 1181 ghara meM praveza kara sakate the| prasava se strI azuddha mAnI jAtI thI aura azaddhi ke dina bacce ke lar3akA yA lar3akI hone para nirbhara the| bhArata meM Arya logoM ne janana evaM maraNa se sambandhita dhAraNAeM apane pUrva-puruSoM se hI sambhavataH siikhiiN| kalpanA dvArA yaha kahA jA sakatA hai-vaidika AryoM ke pUrva-puruSoM ne aisA samajhA hogA ki jo loga mRta ke kapar3e chUte haiM yA marane ke pUrva usake vastroM kA prayoga karate haiM, ve bhI mRta ke roga se pIr3ita hote haiM (vizeSataH plega, haijA, miyAdI jvara Adi rogoM se), ataH aise logoM ko anya logoM se dasa dinoM taka dUra rakhane se bImArI phailane kI saMbhAvanA nahIM rahatI thii| ataH jo loga mRta ke zava ko chUte the, zava ko zmazAna taka Dhote the, ve tathA anya sambandhI loga azuddha mAne jAte the aura dasa dinoM taka pRthak rakhe jAte the| Age calakara sabhI prakAra ke rogoM evaM kAraNoM se utpanna mRtyu para Azauca evaM pathaktva prayoga meM Ane lgaa| maraNAzauca se hI jananAzauca kI bhAvanA utpanna huii| smRtikAroM ne donoM ko samAna mAnA; "jisa prakAra sapiNDoM ke lie maraNAzIca dasa dinoM kA hotA hai usI prakAra jananAzauca kI bhI vyavasthA hai|" rajasvalA striyoM ke viSaya ke niyama tai0 saM0 meM bhI pAye jAte haiN| isa viSaya meM dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 12 / ___ aba hama Azauca ke atirikta zuddhi ke anya svarUpoM para vicAra kreNge| dravya-zuddhi kA tAtparya hai kisI vastu se lage hue doSa kA dUrIkaraNa, aura yaha do prakAra kI hai| zarIrazuddhi evaM bAhya dravyazuddhi (manu 5 / 110 evaM aparAka / / " hamane pahale hI dekha liyA hai ki Rgveda (81957-9 evaM 7156 / 12 jahA~ krama se 'zuddha' evaM 'zuci' zabda 13 evaM 6 bAra Aye haiM) 'zuddhi' evaM 'zuci' para bahuta bala detA hai| aisI vaidika uktiyA~ haiM ki jyotiSToma meM prayukta graha (pAtra, pyAle) evaM anya yajJiya pAtra Una se svaccha kiye jAte haiM, kintu camasoM ke sAtha aisA nahIM kiyA jaataa| aita. brA0 (32 // 4). meM AyA hai ki AhitAgni kA dUdha, jo homa ke lie garma kiyA gayA thA, apavitra ho jAya (amedhya, cIMTI yA kisI anya kIr3e ke girane se) to use agnihotrahavaNI meM DhArakara AhavanIya agni ke pAsa bhasma meM DAla denA caahie| isase spaSTa hai ki yajJa-pAtroM evaM yajJiya vastuoM kI zuddhi para bahuta dhyAna diyA jAtA thaa| gautama (8 / 24), atri (33 evaM 35), matsyapurANa (5268-10), bRhaspati (aparAkaM pR0 164) ke anusAra ATha AtmaguNoM ke antargata zuddhi kA nAma bhI hai| gautama kI vyAkhyA meM haradatta ne zauca ke cAra prakAra diye haiM-dhana-sambandhI zuddhi, mAnasika zuddhi, zArIrika zuddhi evaM vaannii-shuddhi| atri evaM bRhaspati (aparArka, pR0 164) ke anusAra zauca meM abhakSya-parihAra, anindita logoM ke sAtha saMsarga evaM svadharma meM vyavasthAna pAye jAte haiN| bahuta-se loga zauca ko do bhAgoM meM bA~Tate haiM; bAhya evaM Antara (Abhyantara) dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 17, jahA~ baudhA0pa0 suu0(1|5|3-4), hArIta, dakSa Adi ke vacanoM kI ora saMketa hai| agni. (372 / 17-18) ne dakSa (5 // 3) ke samAna hI mata diyA hai| vanaparva (200 / 52) ne vANI evaM karma kI zuddhatA tathA jala se prApta zuddhatA kI carcA kI hai| padmapurANa (2 / 6618687) ne mAnasika vRtti para bala diyA hai aura kahA hai ki nArI apane putra evaM pati kA AliMgana vibhinna manobhAvoM se karatI hai| liMgapurANa meM eka sundara ukti milatI hai jisameM AyA hai ki Abhyantara zauca (zucitA) bAhya zauca se uttama hai; usameM yaha AyA hai ki snAna karane ke uparAnta bhI Abhyantara zauca ke abhAva meM vyakti malina hai, zaivAla 40. dravyasya doSApagamaH shutiH| tatra dvividhA zubhiH zarIrazuddhirvAhyadravyazuddhizca / aparArka (pR252253); tatrAdhirnAma dravyAdeH sparzanAkhAnahatApAvako dossvishessH| zuddhistu saMskAravizeSotpAditA ttrivRttiH| hemAni (dhAra, 10 787) /

Page #189
1182 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (sevAra), machalI evaM machalI khAkara jInevAle jIva sadA jala meM hI rahate haiM kintu unheM koI zuddha nahIM kahegA / ataH vyakti ko sadA antaHzuddhi ke lie prayatna karanA cAhie aura AtmajJAna ke jala meM snAna karanA cAhie, vizvAsarUpI candana lepa kA prayoga karanA cAhie aura vairAgyarUpI miTTI se apane ko zuddha rakhanA cAhie--yahI vAstavika zauca ( zucitA) hai|" manu (51106) ne ghoSita kiyA hai ki zuddhi ke prakAroM meM mAnasika zuddhi sarvazreSTha hai / jo dhana kI ora se zuddha hai, arthAt jo anyAyapUrNa sAdhanoM se dUsare kA dhana nahIM har3apatA, vaha sacamuca pavitra hai aura apekSAkRta usase bhI adhika zuddha hai jo jala evaM miTTI se zuddhatA prApta karatA hai| yahI bAta viSNu0 (22189) meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai, kintu vahA~ artha (ghana) ke sthAna para ana rakha diyA gayA hai| trikANDamaNDana ( prakIrNaka 21 ) meM manu ( 5/106 ) vAlA zloka pAyA jAtA hai| aura dekhie anuzAsanaparva (108 / 12), jahA~ AcaraNa, mana, tIrtha-sthAna evaM samyak dArzanika jJAna nAmaka zuddhiyoM kA varNana hai; brahmANDapurANa (3|14|60 'zucikAmA hi devA vai) evaM yogasUtra (2132), jahA~ yama-niyamoM ke antargata zauca bhI kahA gayA hai| zArIrika zuddhi arthAt bAhya zuddhi ke, jo mukha prakSAlana, snAna se prApta hotI hai, viSaya meM dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 17 / prAcIna evaM madhya kAla ke lekhakoM ne sabake lie dainika snAna kI vyavasthA dI hai, kucha logoM ke lie dina meM do bAra snAna aura saMnyAsiyoM ke lie tIna bAra snAna kI vyavasthA hai| kintu Arambhika IsAiyoM meM aisA vyavahAra nahIM pracalita thA; santa agnesa ko snAna na karane se ucca pada milA, asIsI ke santa phrAMsisa ne dhUli yA gandagI ko pavitra daridratA kA eka pramukha cihna mAnA hai| zrI kRtyoM (yathA agniSToma ) meM yajamAna ko dIkSA kA kaThina anuzAsana mAnanA par3atA thA, usake zarIra ko adhvaryu purohita sAta-sAta darbhoM ke tIna gucchoM se ragar3akara svaccha karatA thaa| zAtAtapa (smRtica0, 1, pR0 120 ; zuddhiprakAza, pR0 147) ne usake lie snAna kI vyavasthA dI hai jo mAsika dharma ke Arambha hone ke uparAnta pA~caveM dina se solahaveM dina kI avadhi meM apanI patnI se saMbhoga karatA hai, kintu isa avadhi ke pazcAt saMbhoga karane se kevala mUtra tyAga karane evaM apAnavAyu chor3ane ke uparAnta vAlA zuddhIkaraNa- niyama pAlana karanA par3atA hai| sUryAsta ke uparAnta vamana karane se bhI snAna karanA par3atA hai| isI prakAra bAla banavAne, burA svapna dekhane, cANDAla Adi ko chU lene se bhI snAna karanA par3atA hai| Rtu Apa0 zra0 (11112) kA kahanA hai ki jo zuddhi cAhatA hai use pavitreSTi kRtya karanA cAhie, jo pratyeka meM vaizvAnarI ( agni vaizvAnara ko), vrAtapati ( agni vratapati ko ) evaM pavitreSTi karatA hai vaha apane kula kI dasa pIr3hiyoM ko zuddha kara detA hai| aba hama dravyazuddhi kA vivecana kreNge| kintu kucha sAmAnya bAteM Arambha meM hI kaha dI jA rahI haiN| ApastambadharmasUtra (2 / 6 / 15 / 17-20 ) kA kathana hai ki choTe-choTe bacce rajasvalA strI ke sparza se azuddha nahIM hote, jaba taka unakA annaprAzana nahIM ho gayA rahatA yA eka varSa taka yA jaba taka unheM dizA-jJAna nahIM ho jAtA, aura kucha logoM 41. avagAhyApi malino hyantaH zaucavirvAjitaH / zaivalA jhaSakA matsyAH sasvA matsyopajIvinaH // sadAvagAhya salile vizuddhAH kiM dvijottamAH / tasmAdAbhyantaraM zaucaM sadA kArya vidhAnataH // AtmajJAnAmbhasi snAtvA sakRdAlipya bhAvataH / suvairAgyamRdA zuddhAH zaucamevaM prakIrtitam / / liMgapurANa (8134-36 ) ; bhAvazuddhiH paraM zaucaM pramANaM sarvakarmasu / anyathAliMga kAntA bhAvena duhitAnyathA anyathaiva tataH putraM bhAvayatyanyathA patim // padma0 (bhUmikhaNDa, 660 86-87) /

Page #190
dravya-zuddhi; kucha vastuoM kI svataH zuddhi ke mata se upanayana saMskAra taka / manu (5 / 127-133), yAjJa0 ( 1 / 186, 191 -193), viSNu 0 ( 23 / 47-52), baughA0 ghamaM0 ( 1/5/56-57, 64 evaM 65), zaMkha (16 / 12- 16), mArkaNDeyapurANa ( 35 / 19-21) kA kathana hai| ki nimnalikhita vastue~ sadA zuddha rahatI haiM- jo vastu azuddha hotI na dekhI gayI ho; jo pAnI se svaccha kara dI jAtI hai; jise brAhmaNa zuddha kaha de ( jaba ki sandeha utpanna ho gayA ho ) ; kisI (pavitra) sthala para ekatra jala, jo dekhane meM kisI apavitra padArtha se azuddha na kara diyA gayA ho, jo mAtrA meM itanA ho ki koI gAya usase apanI pyAsa bujhA sake aura jo gaMdha, raMga evaM svAda meM (zuddha) jala kI bhAMti ho; zilpI kA hAtha ( dhobI yA rasoiyA kA hAtha jaba ki ve apane kAryoM meM saMlagna hoM ) ; bAjAra meM khule rUpa meM bikanevAle padArtha, yathA--yava (jo ) evaM gehUM (jinheM kraya karanevAloM ne cAhe chU mabhI liyA ho ) ; bhikSA (jise brahmacArI ne mArga meM ghara-ghara se ekatra kiyA ho ) ; saMbhoga ke samaya strI kA mukha; kuttoM, cANDAloM evaM mAMsamakSI pazuoM se chInA gayA pazu-mAMsa (sUrya kI ) kiraNeM, agni, dhUli, ( vRkSa Adi kI) chAyA, gAya, azva, bhUmi, vAyu, osa, makkhiyAM, gAya duhate samaya bachar3A - ( antima ) kisI vyakti kA sparza ho jAne para bhI zuddha rahate haiN| yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki kucha pakSI evaM pazu yA to zuddha hote haiM yA unake kucha zarIrabhAga zuddha mAne jAte yathA - yAjJa0 ( 11194 ) kA kathana hai ki bakariyoM evaM azyoM kA mukha zuddha hotA hai, kintu gAyoM kA mukha nahIM / baudhAyana ( aparArka, pR0 276) ne kahA hai ki mukha ko chor3akara gAya evaM daur3atI yA ghUmatI huI billI zuddha mAnI jAtI hai| bRhaspati evaM yama ( aparArka, pR0 276 ) kA kathana hai " " brAhmaNa ke pA~va, bakariyoM evaM azvoM kA mukha, gAyoM kA pRSTha bhAga evaM striyoM ke sabhI aMga zuddha hote haiM; gAya pRSTha bhAga se, hAthI skandha bhAga se, azva sabhI aMgoM se evaM gAya kA gobara evaM mUtra zuddha haiN|" atri ( 240, 241 ) ke bhI vacana aise hI haiM- "khAna evaM bhojanAlaya (yA ve sthAna jahA~ anna Adi pIse jAte haiM) se nikAlI huI vastue~ azuddha nahIM hotIM, kyoMki aise sabhI sthAna (jahA~ samUharUpa meM vastue~ taiyAra hotI haiM), kevala jahA~ surA banatI ho vaise sthAnoM ko chor3akara, pavitra hote haiN| sabhI bhUne hue padArtha, bhUne hue jau evaM anya anna, khajUra, kapUra aura jo bhI bhalI bhA~ti bhUne hue rahate haiM, pavitra hote haiN|"** atri (5/13 ) meM punaH AyA hai - "makkhiyA~, zizu, akhaMDa dhArA, bhUmi, jala, agni, billI, lakar3I kA karachula evaM nevalA ( nakula) sadaiva pavitra hote haiN|" parAzara (10 / 41) kA kathana hai- "AkAza, vAyu, agni, jala (jo pRthivI 1945 42. mukhavajaM tu gaurmedhyA mArjArazcakrame (? zcAme) zuciH / bauSA0 ( aparArka, pR0 276) / aura dekhie zaMkha (16 / 14) / 43. bRhaspatiH / pAdau zucI brAhmaNAnAmajAzvasya mukhaM zuci / gavAM pRSThAni medhyAni sarvagAtrANi yoSitAm // yamaH / pRSThato gaurgajaH skandhe sarvato'zvaH zucistathA / goH purISaM ca mUtraM ca sarvaM medhyamiti sthitiH // pRSThazabdotra mukhavyatiriktaviSayaH / aparArka ( pR0 276 ) / 44. AkarAhRtavastUni nAzucIni kdaacn| AkarAH zucayaH sarve varjayitvA surAkaram // bhRSTA bhRSTayavAzcaiva tathaiva caNakAH smRtAH / kharjUraM caiva karpUramanyad bhRSTataraM zuci // atri ( 240-241) / 'AkarAH ... karam' mau0 0 sU0 ( 1/5/58) meM bhI AyA hai| zu0 kau0 ( pR0 258) ne zaMkha (16 / 13) ke padyArSa 'zuddhaM nadIgataM toyaM sarva eva tathAkarAH' ko uddhRta karate hue kahA hai- 'sarva evAkarA dhAnyAvimardanasthAnAni tathA annalAjAviniSpattisthAnAni cetyarthaH / ' 1183 45. makSikA santatirdhArA bhUmistoyaM hutAzanaH / mAjarazcaiva varSI ca nakulazca savA zuciH // atri ( 5 / 11) / aura dekhie vizvarUpa (yAza 0 1 / 195 ), laghuhArIta (43) / zuddhikaumudI ( pR0 357) ne vyAkhyA kI hai-- 'santatiH zizuH paJcavarSAmyantaravayaskaH, dhArA tu patantI / '

Page #191
1184 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa para girA ho) evaM darbha apavitra nahIM kahe jAte, ve yajJoM ke camasoM ke samAna zuddha hI rahate haiN|""praa0 mA0 ne caturvizatimata ko uddhRta kiyA hai ki "kaccA mAMsa, ghRta, madhu, phaloM se nikAle hue tela, cAhe ve cANDAloM ke pAtroM meM hI kyoM na hoM, bAhara nikAle jAne para zuddha ho jAte haiN| bRhaspati ne kahA hai-"anAra, Ikha peranevAlI kala, khAneM, zilpiyoM ke hAtha , godohanI (maTakI), yantroM se nikalane vAle tarala padArtha, bAloM evaM striyoM ke karma (bhojana banAnA Adi) jo dekhane meM azuddha se lagate haiM (bacce sar3aka para naMge paira ghUmate rahate haiM), zuddha hI haiN| apane bistara, vastra, patnI, baccA, jalapAtra apane lie zuddha hote haiM, kintu anya logoM ke lie azuddha haiN|" yahI bAta zaMkha ne bhI kahI hai| zaMkha kA kathana hai ki vaha cIja, jo vastu meM svAbhAvika rUpa se lage hue mala ko yA kisI azuddha padArtha ke saMsarga se utpanna mala ko dUra karatI hai, zuddha ghoSita hai| zaMkha-likhita ne ghoSita kiyA hai ki jo vastue~ azuddha ko zuddha karatI haiM ve ye haiM-jala, miTTI, iMguda, ariSTa (rIThA), bela kA phala, cAvala, sarasoM kA ubaTana, kSAra (reha, soDA), gomUtra, gobara evaM kucha logoM ke mata se eka sthAna para saMgraha kI huI vastue~ tathA prokSaNa arthAt jl-maarjn|" manu (5 / 118), yAjJa0 (11184), viSNu0 (23 / 13) ne bhI kahA hai ki jaba bahuta-se vastra evaM annoM kI DherI apavitra ho gayI ho to jala chir3akane se zuddha ho jAtI hai, kintu jaba saMkhyA yA mAtrA kama ho to jala se dho lenA caahie| vaha saMkhyA yA mAtrA adhika kahI jAtI hai jise eka vyakti Dho na sake (kullUka, manu 5 / 118) / gautama (1 / 45-46), manu (5|126=vissnnu0 23 / 39) evaM yAjJa0 (11191) ne eka sAmAnya niyama yaha diyA hai ki dravyoM evaM gandI vastu se lipta zarIra ko zuddha karane ke lie jala evaM miTTI kA prayoga taba taka karate rahanA cAhie jaba taka gandha evaM gandI vastu dUra na ho jaay|2 devala (aparArka, pR0 270) ne dhUlighUsarita padArtha, tela, cikanAI evaM azuddha karane vAlI gandha ke miTTI, jala, gobara Adi se dUrIkaraNa ko zauca kahA hai| gau0 dha0 sU0 (1 / 28-33) ne dravya-zuddhi kA varNana yoM kiyA hai-dhAtu kI vastuoM, miTTI ke pAtroM, lakar3I 46. AkAzaM vAyuragnizca medhyaM bhUmigataM jalam / na prayuSyanti babharica yazeSu camasA yathA // parAzara (10 // 41) / ___47. AmaM mAMsaM ghRtaM kSota snehAzca phlsmbhvaaH| antyabhANDasthitA hyete niSkrAntAH zucayaH smRtaaH|| caturvizatimata (parA0 mA0 21, pR0 115) / aura dekhie prAya0 viveka (pR0 328) evaM zu0 ko0 (pR0 318) / 48. drAkSe yantrAkarakArahastA godohanI yntrviniHsRtaani| bAlairaya strIbhiranASThatAni pratyakSadraSTAni zucIni tAni // bRhaspati (zuddhiprakAza, pR0 106) / 49. AtmazayyA ca vastraM ca jAyApatyaM kmnnddluH| AtmanaH zucInyetAni pareSAmazucIni ca // Apa0 smRti (11 // 4); baudhA0 (1 / 5 / 61); aparAkaM (pR0 257) / 50. malaM saMyogajaM tajja yasya yenopahanyate / tasya tacchoSanaM proktaM sAmAnya dravyazusikRt // zaMkha0 (aparArka, pR0 256; dIpakalikA, yAta0 11191; madanapArijAta, pR0 451) / 51. sarveSAmApo mRdariSTakeMgudabilvataNDulasApakalkakSAragomUtragomayAdIni zaucadravyANi saMhatAnAM prokssnnmityeke| zaMkhalikhitau (caturvarga0, jilda 3, bhAga 1, 10 817) / / 52. lepagandhApakarSaNaM zaucamamedhyAktasya / tavabhiH pUrva mavA c| gau050 sU0 (1145-46) / yahI bAta vasiSTha0 (3 / 48) meM bhI hai| yAvannApaityamedhyAktAd gandho lepazca tatkRtaH / tAvanmRdvAri cAdeyaM sarvAsa dravyazuviSu / / manu (5|126-vissnnu0 23 // 39) /

Page #192
dravya-zuddhi kI sAmAnya aura vizeSa vyavasthA 1185 se banI vastuoM evaM sUtroM se bane jastroM kI zuddhi krama se ragar3ane (gharSaNa) se, agni meM pakAne se, chIlane se evaM jala meM ghone se hotI hai; pattharoM, maNiyoM, zaMkhoM evaM motiyoM ko dhAtuoM se nirmita vastuoM ko svaccha karane vAle padArthoM se zuddha kiyA jAtA hai; asthiyoM (hAthIdAMta se banI vastuoM) evaM miTTI (miTTI ke pharza yA ghara) ko lakar3I chIlakara zuddha karane ke samAna zuddha kiyA jAtA hai; bhUmi ko ( pavitra sthAna se lAkara ) miTTI rakhakara zuddha kiyA jAtA hai; rassiyA~, bA~sa ke Tukar3e, vila (chAla) evaM carma vastra ke samAna hI zuddha kiye jAte haiM yA atyadhika azuddha ho jAne para vyakta kara diye jA sakate haiM (mala-mUtra yA madya se ve atyadhika azuddha ho jAte haiM) / vasiSTha ( 3 / 49-53) ne 'bhasmaparimArjana' ( bhasma se yA jala se svaccha karane) ko 'parimArjana' ke sthAna para rakhakara yahI bAta kahI hai| Apa0 gha0 sU0 (1/5/17 / 10-13) ne vyavasthA dI hai- "yadi koI anya prayukta pAtra mile to use uSNa karake usameM bhojana karanA cAhie, dhAtu se bane pAtra ko rAkha ( bhasma ) se zuddha karanA cAhie, lakar3I ke bane pAtra chIla dene se zuddha ho jAte haiM, yajJa meM vedaniyama ke anusAra pAtra svaccha kiye jAne caahie|" yAjJa0 ( 3 / 31-34) kA kathana hai-- kAla (Azauca ke lie dasa dina yA eka mAsa ), agni, dhArmika kRtya ( azvamegha yA sandhyA karanA), miTTI, vAyu, mana, AdhyAtmika jJAna, (kuccha jaise ) tapa, jala, pazcAttApa evaM upavAsa - ye sabhI zuddhi ke kAraNa haiM / jo loga varjita karma karate haiM unake dvArA dAna denA zuddhi kA dyotaka hai, nadI ke lie jala-pravAha, miTTI evaM jala azuddha vastuoM kI zuddhi ke sAdhana haiM; dvijoM ke lie saMnyAsa, ajJAnavaza pApa karane para vedazoM ke lie tapa, AtmajJoM ke lie sahanazIlatA, gaMde zarIrAMgoM ke lie jala, gupta pApoM ke lie vaidika mantroM kA japa, pApamaya vicAroM se azuddha mana ke lie satya, jo apane zarIra se AtmA ko saMyukta mAnate haiM unake lie tapa evaM gUr3ha jJAna, buddhi ke lie samyak jJAna zuddhi ke svarUpa haiM, Izvara-jJAna AtmA kA sarvottama zuddhi-sAdhana hai| yahI bAta manu (5 / 107-109 = viSNu 0 22 / 90-92 ) ne bhI inhIM zabdoM meM kahI hai| dravyazuddhi ke lie fafa - vyavasthA dene ke samaya kucha bAtoM para dhyAna denA cAhie, jo baudhAyana ( milA0, yAza0 1 / 190) dvArA yoM vyakta kI gayI haiM-kAla, sthAna, zarIra ( yA apane svayaM ), dravya ( zuddha kI jAnevAlI vastu), prayojana ( vaha prayojana jisake lie vastu kA prayoga honevAlA ho), upapatti (mUla, arthAt azuddhi kA kAraNa evaM ) usa azuddha vastu kI yA vyakti kI avasthA / " zuddhi ke sAdhanoM evaM kucha vastuoM kI zuddhi ke viSaya meM kucha vibhinna mata bhI haiN| ina bhedoM kI carcA vistAra ke sAtha karanA anAvazyaka hai| katipaya smRtiyoM evaM nibandhoM ke mata se kauna-sI vastue~ kisa prakAra zuddha kI jAtI haiM, unake viSaya meM eka ke pazcAt eka kA varNana hama upasthita kreNge| / 53. dravyazuddhiH parimArjanapravAhatakSaNanirNejanAmi tejasamArtikadAravatAntavAnAm / taijasavadupalamaNizaMsamuktAnAm / vAzvavasthibhUmyoH / AvapanaM ca bhUmeH / cailabagrajyuvivalacarmaNAm / utsanoM vAtyantopahatAnAm / gau0 ba0 sa0 (1 / 28-33) / 'atyantopahata' ko viSNudharma0 (23 / 1) ne 'zArIrameleH surAbhirmIrvA yamupahataM tadatyantopahatam' ke dvArA samajhAyA hai| 54. vezaM kAlaM tamAtmAnaM dravyaM dravyaprayojanam / upapattimavasthAM ca jJAtvA zaucaM prakalpayet // baudhAyana (milA0, yAza0 1 / 190; vizvarUpa, yAza0 1 / 195 evaM medhAtithi, manu 5 / 118) / baughA0 Sa0 sU0 (1/5/55 ) meM AyA hai dezaM ... vasthAM ca vijJAya zaucaM zocanaH kuzalame dharmepsuH samAcaret / laghuhArIta (55) meM 'kAlaM dezam' AyA hai| mitA0 ne 'tathA' ke bAda 'mAnaM' par3hA hai jisakA artha hai 'parimANa' ( vaha paribhASA yA sImA jahA~ taka vastu ko zuddha kiyA jAya ) /

Page #193
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa smRtyarthasAra ( pR0 70) ke mata se kucha vastue~ atyanta azuddhi ke sAtha aura kucha kama yA mAmUlI azuddhi ke sAtha banatI haiN| udAharaNArtha - - utsargaMnAla, mUtra, vIrya, rakta, mAMsa, carbI, majjA, madya evaM madonmatta karane vAle padArtha bar3I azuddhi ke sAtha banate haiM; kutte, grAmasUkara, billiyA~, unake mUtra, kAna kA maila, nakha, balagama (zleSmA), A~kha kA kIcar3a evaM pasInA kama azuddha hote haiN| 1186 baughA gha0 sU0 ( 1/5/66) meM AyA hai ki bhUmi kI zuddhi saMmArjana ( svaccha jhAr3a dene), prokSaNa (dUdha, gomUtra yA jala chir3akane yA dhone ), upalepana ( gobara se lIpane), avastaraNa ( kucha miTTI ko Upara DAla dene) evaM ullekhana (miTTI ko kucha khuracakara nikAla dene) se ho jAtI hai| jaba ye vidhiyA~ bhUmi kI sthiti ke anusAra prayukta hotI haiM to usa prakAra kI azuddhi dUra ho jAtI hai|" eka anya sthAna para bauvA0 dha0 sU0 (1 / 6 / 17-21 ) meM AyA hai-- jaba kaThora bhUmi azuddha ho jAya to vaha upalepana (gobara se lIpane) se zuddha ho jAtI hai, narama (chidravatI) bhUmi karSaNa ( jotane ) se zuddha hotI hai, (azuddha tarala padArtha se ) bhIMgI bhUmi pracchAdana (kisI anya sthAna se zuddha miTTI lAkara Dha~ka dene se ) aura azuddha padArthoM ko haTA dene se zuddha ho jAtI hai| bhUmi cAra sAdhanoM se zuddha hotI hai, yathA-gAyoM ke pairo dvArA rauMdane se, khodane se, (lakar3I yA ghAsa-pAta) jalAne se evaM (jala, gomUtra yA dUdha Adi ke) chir3akAva se, pA~cavIM vidhi hai gobara lIpakara zuddha karanA aura chaThA sAghana hai kAla, arthAt samaya pAkara bhUmi apane Apa zuddha ho jAtI hai / "" vasiSTha0 ( 3 / 57) ne baudhAyana ke samAna pA~ca zuddhi-sAdhana diye haiM, kintu chaThA (kAla) chor3a diyA hai / manu ( 5 / 124) ne bhI pA~ca sAdhana diye haiM-jhADU se buhAranA, gobara se lIpanA, jala chir3akAva, khodanA ( evaM nikAla bAhara karanA) aura usa para (eka dina evaM rAta ) gAyoM ko rakhanA / viSNu0 (23 / 57) ne chaThA anya bhI jor3a diyA hai, yathA - dAha (kucha jalA denA) / yAjJa0 (1188) ne dAha evaM kAla jor3akara sAta sAdhana diye haiN| vAmanapurANa (14 / 68) ke anusAra bhUmi kI azuddhi kA dUrIkaraNa khanana, dAha, mArjana, gokrama ( gAyoM ko Upara calAnA ), lepana, ullekhana ( khodanA) evaM jalamArjana se hotA hai / " devala (mitA0 evaM aparArka, yAjJa0 1188 ) ne vistRta vivaraNa upasthita kiyA hai| unake tase azuddha bhUmi ke tIna prakAra haiM; amedhya (azuddha), duSTa evaM malina / jahA~ strI baccA jane, koI mare yA jalAyA jAya yA jahA~ cANDAla raheM yA jahA~ durgandha yukta vastuoM, viSThA Adi kI DherI Adi ho, jo bhUmi isa prakAra gandI vastuoM se bharI ho use amedhya ghoSita kiyA gayA hai| jahA~ kuttoM, sUaroM, gadhoM evaM UMToM kA saMsparza ho vaha bhUmi duSTa kahI jAtI hai tathA jahA~ agAra (koyalA ), tuSa ( mUsI), keza, asthi evaM bhasma (rAkha) ho vaha bhUmi malina kahI jAtI hai / " isake uparAnta devala ne ina bhUmi prakAroM kI zuddhi kI carcA kI hai| zuddhi pA~ca prakAra kI hotI hai, yathA khanana, 55. bhUmestu saMmArjanaprokSaNopalepanAvastaraNollekhanairyathAsyAnaM doSavizeSAtprAyatyam / bau0 dha0 sU0 (1 / 5 / 66) / yahI bAta vasiSTha (356) meM bhI AyI hai| 56. ghanAyA bhUmerupaghAta uplepnm| suvirAyAH karSaNam / klivAyA medhyamAhRtya pracchAdanam / catubhiH zudhyate bhUmiH gobhirAkramaNAtkhananAd vahanAdabhivarSaNAt / paJcamAccopalepanAtSaSThAtkAlAt / bo0 gha0 sU0 (1 / 6 / 17-21) / dekhie zu0 kau0 (50 100 ) / 57. bhUmivizudhyate khAtavAhamArjanagokramaiH / lepAvullekhanAtsekAdvezmasaMmArjanAcaMnAt // vAmanapurANa (14168) / 58. yatra prasUyate nArI mriyate bahyatepi vA / caNDAlAdhyuSitaM yatra yatra viSThAvisaMhatiH // evaM kazmalabhUyiSThA bhUramedhyA prakIrtitA / zvasUkarakharoSTrAvisaMspRSTA duSTatAM vrajet / aMgAratuSakezAsthibhasmAdyaimelinA bhavet // mitA0 ( pAza 0 11188 ) : zu0 kau0 ( pR0 101 ) evaM zu0 pra0 (50 99 ) /

Page #194
bhUmi-zuddhi mUrtiyoM kI zuddhi vA punaH pratiSThA; jala kI pAvanatA 1187 bahana, avalepana, vApana evaM parjanyavardhana / ina pA~coM dvArA amedhyA bhUmi kI ( jahA~ zavadAha hotA hai yA cANDAla rahate haiM) bhI zuddhi kI jA sakatI hai, yA cAra vidhiyoM se ( amedhyA ke viSaya kI parjanyavarSaNa yA dahana vidhi ko chor3akara); buSTA bhUmi tIna vidhiyoM (khanana, dahana evaM avalepana) se; yA do vidhiyoM (khanana yA dahana ) se tathA malina eka vidhi (khanana) se zuddha kI jAtI hai| " smRtyarthasAra ( pR0 73-74) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki loha yA kisI anya dhAtu kI pratimA yadi kucha azuddha ho jAya to vaha paMcagavya dvArA, bhasma se ragar3akara svaccha kiye jAne ke uparAnta, pavitra kI jA sakatI hai; isI prakAra yadi prastara- pratimA azuddha ho jAya to vaha valmIka ( dImaka dvArA nirmita DhUha) kI miTTI evaM jala se svaccha kara paMcagavya se zuddha kI jAtI hai| yadi koI pratimA viSThA, mUtra evaM grAmya-miTTI se azuddha ho jAya to vaha pA~ca dinoM taka paMcagavya meM Duboye jAne para zuddha hotI hai, kintu isake pUrva vaha gomUtra, gobara, valmIka kI miTTI se svaccha kI jAtI hai aura usakA phira se saMsthApana ( pratiSThA) kiyA jAtA hai| nirNayasindhu ( 3, pUrvArdha, pR0 351-52), dharmasindhu ( 3, pR0 324) evaM anya madhya kAla ke nibandhoM meM pratimA kI punaH pratiSThA kI bAta pAyI jAtI hai, jaba ki pratimA cANDAla yA madya ke sparza se apavitra ho jAya yA agni se jalA dI jAya yA pApiyoM yA brAhmaNa rakta se azuddha ho jAya / nimnalikhita dasa sthitiyoM meM pratimA kA devatva samApta ho jAtA hai--jaba pratimA do yA tIna Tukar3oM meM TUTa jAya, yA idhara-udhara se TUTa jAya, yA jala jAya, apane Asana se cyuta ho nIce gira jAya, yA apamAnita ho jAya, yA jisakI pUjA banda ho jAya, yA gadhA evaM aise hI pazuoM kA sparza ho jAya, yA malina bhUmi para gira jAya, yA anya devatAoM ke mantroM se pUjita ho jAya, yA patita-spRSTa ho jAya yadi pratimA DAkuoM, cANDAloM, patitoM se chU jAya, kutte yA rajasvalA nArI yA zava se chU jAya to punaH pratiSThA Avazyaka hai / viSNudharmasUtra (23034) ne kahA hai ki azuddha hone para pratimA usI prakAra zuddha kI jAtI hai jisa prakAra usakI dhAtu yA jisa vastu se vaha banI hotI hai vaha zuddha kI jAtI hai aura usake uparAnta usakI punaH pratiSThA hotI hai / yadi pratiSThita pratimA kI pUjA eka dina, do dina, eka mAsa yA do mAsa banda ho jAya yA vaha zUdroM yA rajasvalA striyoM se chU jAya to ucita samaya para puNyAhavAcana kiyA jAnA cAhie, viSama saMkhyA meM brAhmaNoM ko bhoja denA cAhie, pratimA rAta bhara pAnI meM rakhakara dUsare dina paMcagavya pUrNa ghar3e se mantroM ke sAtha nahalA dI jAnI cAhie, isake pazcAt anya ghar3e meM nau prakAra ke ratna DAlane cAhie, usa para 1008 yA 108 yA 28 bAra gAyatrI mantra par3hA jAnA cAhie aura taba usa ghar3e ke jala se pratimA ko snAna karAnA cAhie, isake uparAnta puruSasUkta ke evaM mUlamantra ke 1008 yA 108 yA 28 bAra pATha ke sAtha pavitra jala se snAna karAnA caahie| isake uparAnta puSpoM ke sAtha usakI pUjA kI jAnI cAhie aura mAta evaM gur3a kA naivedya car3hAnA caahie| ati prAcIna kAla se jala ko zuddhikAraka mAnA gayA hai| R0 (7 / 44 evaM 49) meM jaloM ko devatva pradAna kiyA gayA hai aura unheM dUsaroM ko zuddha karane vAle kahA gayA hai (R0 7 / 49 / 2 evaM 3, 'zucayaH pAvakAH) / aura dekhie R0 (1019 evaM 10), atharvaveda (1 / 33 / 1 evaM 4), vAjasaneyI saMhitA (42), zatapathabrAhmaNa (1/7/4/17) / " 59. vahanaM khanana bhUmeravalepanavApana / parjanyavarSaNaM ceti zaucaM paJcavidhaM smRtam // paJcadhA vA caturdhA vA bhUramedhyA vizudhyati / dvidhA tridhA vA tuSTA tu zudhyate malinekadhA / / devala (zu0 kau0 pU0 101, jahA~ vApana kA artha 'mRdantareNa pUraNam' arthAt anya miTTI se bhara denA batAyA gayA hai) / 60. dvadamApaH prabahatAvadyaM ca malaM ca yat / yaccAmidrohAnRtaM yacca zepe abhIdaNam / Apo mA tasmAdenasaH 77

Page #195
1188 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa vizvarUpa (yAjJa0 1 / 191) ne eka lambI vaidika ukti uddhRta kI hai jahA~ yaha AyA hai - jo sandeha utpanna kara de ( yaha zuddha hai ki azuddha) use jala kA sparza karA denA cAhie taba vaha pavitra ho jAtA hai| isI se garma yA ThaMDA jala katipaya pAtra prakAroM evaM bhUmi ko zuddha karanevAlA kahA gayA hai (manu 51109, 112 evaM 126 ; yAjJa0 11182-188 evaM 189 ) / gomila (1 / 31-32) ne kahA hai ki jaba koI dhArmika kRtya karate hue pitaroM vAlA mantra suna le, apane zarIra ko khujalA de, nIca jAti ke vyakti ko dekha le, apAna vAyu chor3a de, jora se ha~sa par3e yA asatya bola de, billI yA cUhe ko chU le, kaThora vacana bola de, krodha meM A jAya to use Acamana karanA cAhie yA jala chU lenA caahie|" yAjJa0 ( 11187 ) evaM viSNu0 (23 / 56 ) ke mata se azuddha ghara ko jhAr3U-buhArU evaM gobara se lIpakara zuddha kiyA jAtA hai| kintu brAhmaNa ke ghara meM yadi kuttA, zUdra, paMtita, mleccha yA cANDAla mara jAya to zuddhi ke kaThina niyama barate jAte the| ghara ko bahuta dinoM taka chor3a denA hotA thA / saMvarta (aparArka, pR0 265 zu0 pra0, pR0 100 - 101; zu0 kau0, 303- 304) kA kathana hai ki jo ghara dAva ke rahane se apavitra ho jAya to usake sAtha nimna vyavahAra honA cAhie; miTTI ke pAtra evaM pakvAnna pheMka diye jAne cAhie, ghara ko gobara se lIpanA cAhie, usameM bakarI ko ghumAnA cAhie jisase vaha sabhI sthAnoM ko sUMgha le, isake uparAnta pUre ghara ko jala se dhonA cAhie, usa meM sonA evaM kuza yukta jala gAyatrI mantra ke pATha se pavitra hue brAhmaNoM dvArA chir3akA jAnA cAhie, taba kahIM ghara zuddha hotA hai !" marIci kA kathana hai ki yadi cANDAla kevala ghara meM praviSTa ho jAya to vaha gobara se zuddha ho sakatA hai, kintu yadi vaha usameM lambI avadhi taka raha jAya to zuddhi tabhI prApta ho sakatI hai jaba ki vaha garma kara diyA jAya aura agni kI jvAlA aari ko chU leM / " brAhmaNa kA ghara, mandira, gozAlA kI bhUmi, yama ke mata se, sadA zuddha mAnI jAnI cAhie, jaba taka ki ve azuddha na ho jAyeM / kI zuddhi ke viSaya meM smRtiyoM evaM nibandhoM meM bahuta kucha kahA gayA hai| Apa0 gha0 sU0 ( 1 / 5 / 15/2) ne sAmAnya rUpa se kahA hai ki bhUmi para ekatra jala kA Acamana karane se vyakti pavitra ho jAtA hai / " kintu baudhA0 gha0 sU0 ( 1/5/65), manu ( 5 / 128), yAjJa0 (1 / 192), zaMkha (16 / 12-13), mArkaNDeyapurANa (35 / 19 ) Adi ne itanA jor3a diyA hai ki vaha jala svAbhAvika sthiti vAlA kahA jAtA hai jo bhUmi para ekatra ho, vaha itanI mAtrA meM ho ki use pIkara eka gAya kI tRpti ho sake, jo kisI anya apavitra vastu se azuddha na kara diyA gayA ho, jisakA svAbhAvika pavamAnazca mucatu // vA0 saM0 (6 / 17) / Apo asmAnmAtaraH zundhayantu ghRtena bho ghRtapvaH punantu / vA0 saM0 (817) 1 61. mitramantrAnuzravaNa AtmAlambhe'dhamekSaNe / adhovAyusamutsarge prahAse'nRtabhASaNe // mArjAramUSakasparza ASTe krodhasambhaveM / nimitteSveSu sarvatra karma kurvajJapaH spRzet // gobhilasmRti (1 / 31-32, kRtyaratnAkara, 1050 ) / 62. saMvartaH / gRhazuddhiM pravakyAmi antaHsthazavadUSaNe / protsRjya mRnmayaM bhANDaM siddhamannaM tathaiva ca // gRhAvapAsya tatsarvaM gomayenopalepayet / gomayenopalipyAtha chAgenA prApayed budhaH / brAhmaNairmantrapUtaizca hiraNyakuzavAriNA / sarvamabhyukSayedvezma tataH zudhyatyasaMzayam / aparArka (10 265; zu0 pra0, pR0 100-101; zu0 kau0, pR0 303-304) / 1 63. gRheSvajAtisaMveze zuddhiH syAdupalepanAt / saMvAso yadi jAyeta varahatApaninivizet // marIci (aparArka, pR0 206 zuddhi pra0, pR0 101; zu0 kau0, pR0 303 ) / 64. bhUmigatAsvatvAcamya prayato bhavati / Apa0 0 sU0 ( 115 / 15 / 2) /

Page #196
jala evaM klAsayoM kI vRddhi-vyavasthA raMga (pAradarzaka) ho gayA ho aura jisakA svAda evaM gandha zuddha ho| zaMkha kA kathana hai ki patharIlI bhUmi para ekatra evaM bahatA huA jala sadaiva zuddha hotA hai| devala kA kathana hai ki svaccha pAtra meM lAyA huA jala zuddha hotA hai, kintu jaba vaha bAsI hotA hai (eka rAtri yA adhika samaya taka rakhA rahatA hai) to use pheMka denA cAhie (yadyapi mUlataH vaha zuddha thaa)| kisI jIva dvArA na hilAyA gayA evaM prapAta kA jala zuddha hotA hai| gahare tAlAboM (jinheM hilAyA nahIM jA sakatA), nadiyoM, kUpoM, vApiyoM ke jala ko una sIr3hiyoM dvArA prayoga meM nahIM lAnA cAhie, jo cANDAloM evaM anya azuddha vyaktiyoM yA vastuoM ke samparka meM A gayI hoM (aparArka, pR0 272; zu0, pra0, pR0 102) / " bRhaspati ne vyavasthA dI hai ki yadi kUpa meM pAMca nakhoM vAle prANiyoM arthAt kisI manuSya yA pazu kA zava pAyA jAya, yA yadi kUpa-jala kisI prakAra atyanta azuddha ho jAya to sArA jala nikAla bAhara karanA cAhie, aura zeSa ko vastra se sukhA denA cAhie; yadi kUpa IMToM se nirmita kiyA gayAhoto agni jalAyI jAnI cAhie jisakI jvAlA dIvAroM taka ko cha le, aura jaba tAjA pAnI nikalanA Arambha ho jAya to usa para paMcagavya DhAranA caahie| Apa0 (60 ko0, pa0 299) ne una sthitiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jinase kapa azuddha ho sakatA hai-keza, viSThA, mUtra, rajasvalA strI kA drava padArtha, zava-inake par3ane se jaba kUpa azuddha ho jAtA hai to usase sau par3e jala nikAla bAhara karanA cAhie (yadi adhika pAnI ho to paMcagavya se zuddhi bhI karanI caahie)| yahI bAta parAzara (73) ne bhI vApiyoM, kUpoM evaM tAlAboM ke viSaya meM kahI hai| yAjJa0 (17197-viSNa023141) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki miTTI (kIcar3a) evaM jala jo sar3aka para cANDAla jaisI jAtiyoM, kuttoM evaM kauoM ke samparka meM AtA hai, tathA maTha jaise makAna jo IMToM se bane rahate haiM, kevala una para bahane vAlI havA se zuddha ho jAte haiN| parAzara (7 / 34) kA kathana hai ki mArgoM kA kIcar3a evaM jala, nAveM, mArga aura ve sabhI jo pakI IToM se bane rahate haiM, kevala vAyu evaM sUrya se pavitra ho jAte haiN| bhUmi para girA huA varSA-jala 10 dinoM taka azuddha mAmA jAtA hai| isI prakAra yogI-yAjJavalkya (zu0 ko0, pR0 291) kA kathana hai ki (garmI meM sukha jAnevAlI) nadI meM jo sarvaprathama bAr3ha AtI hai use zuddha nahIM samajhanA cAhie, aura vaha jala jise paira se hilA diyA gayA hai aura vaha jala jo gaMgA jaisI pavitra nadiyoM se nAle ke rUpa meM nikalatA hai, zuddha nahIM samajhanA caahie| jo vApI, kUpa yA bAMdha vAle jalAzaya hIna jAti ke logoM dvArA nirmita hote haiM, unameM snAna karane yA unakA jala grahaNa karane se prAyazcitta nahIM karanA par3atA (zAtAtapa, mitA0 evaM aparArka, yAjJa0 3 / 192; zu0 pra0, pR0 16) / viSNu0 (23 / 46) kA kathana hai ki sthira jala vAle jalAzayoM (jinase bAhara jala nahIM jAtA) kI zudi vApI kI bhA~ti hotI hai, kintu bar3e-bar3e jalAzayoM ke viSaya meM zuddhi kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| aisA ghoSita hunA 65. bhUmiSThamudakaM zusaM zuci toyaM zilAgatam / varSagalbarasajitaM paritad bhavet // (19012-13 zuddhikaumudI, pR0 297; zuddhiprakAza, pR0 102) / 66. akSomyANi tagagAni nadIbApIsarAsi / bandAlAcazucisparza tIrthataH parivarjayet // akSomyANAmapA mAsti praznutAnAM ca dUSaNam / devala (maparArpha, pR0 272, zu0pra0, pR0 102) / 67. mRtpNcnkhaatkuupaavtyntophtaattthaa| apaH samubAretsarvAH zeSa pona zoSayet // baliprajvAlanaM kRtvA kUpe pkvessttkaacite| paMcagavyaM nyaset pshcaanvtoysmudbhve| bRhaspati (aparArka, pR0 272) / aura relie . ko0 (pR. 298) evaM viSNudharmasUtra (23 // 4-45) /

Page #197
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa hai ki jala sUrya evaM candra kI kiraNoM, vAyu-sambandha, gobara evaM gomUtra se zuddha ho jAtA hai| inameM kucha padArtha Adhunika vaijJAnika khojoM se zuddhikAraka mAna liye gaye haiN| ____eka smRti-vacana (aparArka, pR0 273), ke anusAra vana meM, prapA (pausarA yA pyAU) yA kUpa ke pAsa rakhe hue ghar3e (jisase koI bhI kUpa se jala nikAla sakatA hai) kA jala yA patthara yA lakar3I vAle pAna (lo sabhI ke lie rahate haiM) kA evaM carma-pAtra (carasa, mazaka Adi) kA jala, bhale hI usase zUdra kA koI sambandha na ho, pIne ke ayogya ThaharAyA gayA hai, kintu Apat-kAla meM aisA jala jitanA cAhe utanA pIyA jA sakatA hai| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM bhI jalAmAva meM jala carma-pAtra yA Dholaka (mazaka, jise Ajakala bhiztI kAma meM lAte haiM) meM bharakara lAyA jAtA thA aura dvija loga bhI use prayoga meM lAte the| __ aba hama dhAtuoM evaM pAtroM kI zuddhi kI carcA kreNge| bau0 gha0 sU0 (1 / 5 / -34-35 evaM 1 / 6 / 37-41), vasiSTha (3158 evaM 61-63), mana (5 / 111-114), yAjJa0 (13182 evaM 190), viSNu0 (23 / 2 / 7, 23-24), zaMkha (16 // 3-4), smRtyarthasAra (pR070) ne dhAtu-zuddhi ke viSaya meM niyama diye haiM, jo vibhinna prakAra ke haiN| ataH kevala manu evaM do-eka ke mata yahAM diye jaayNge| manu (5 / 113) kA kahanA hai-'budhoM (vidvAn logoM) ne udghoSita kiyA hai ki sonA Adi ghAtue~, marakata jaise ratna evaM patthara ke anya pAtra rAkha, jala evaM miTTI se zuddha ho jAte haiM, sone kI vastueM (jo jUThe bhojana Adi se gandI nahIM ho gayI haiM) kevala jala se hI pavitra ho jAtI haiN| yahI bAta una vastuoM ke sAtha bhI pAyI jAtI hai jo jala se prApta hotI haiM (yathA-sIpI, mUMgA, zaMkha Adi) yA jo patthara se banI hotI haiM yA cAMdI se banI hotI haiM aura jina para zilpakArI nahIM huI rahatI hai| sonA-cAMdI jala evaM teja se utpanna hote haiM, ataH unakI zuddhi unake mUlabhUta kAraNoM se hI hotI hai, arthAt jala se (thor3A azuddha hone para) evaM agni se (adhika azuddha hone pr)| tAmra, loha, kAMsya, pItala, TIna (apu yA rAMgA) aura sIsA ko kSAra (bhasma), amla evaM jala se paristhiti ke anusAra (jisa prakAra kI azuddhi ho) zuddha kiyA jAtA hai|' vasiSTha (3 / 58, 61-63) kA kathana hai-'trapu (TIna), sIsA, tAMbA kI zuddhi namaka ke pAnI, amla evaM sAdhAraNa jala se ho jAtI hai, kAMsA evaM loha bhasma evaM jala se zuddha hote haiN|' liMgapurANa (pUrvArSa, 189 / 58) ne kahA hai-'kAsA bhasma se, loha-pAtra namaka se, tA~bA, vapu evaM sIsA amla se zuddha hote haiM; sone evaM cAMdI ke pAtra jala se, bahumUlya patthara, ratna, mUMge evaM motI dhAtu-pAtroM ke samAna zuddha kiye jAte haiN|' aura dekhie vAmanapurANa (14170) / medhAtithi (manu 5 / 114) ne eka ukti uddhRta kI hai'kA~se yA pItala ke pAtra jaba gAyoM dvArA cATa liye jAyeM yA jinheM gAyeM saMgha leM yA jo kuttoM dvArA cATa yA cha liye jAyeM, jinameM zUdra bhojana kara le tathA jinheM kaue apavitra kara deM, ve namaka yA bhasma dvArA 10 bAra ragar3ane se zuddha ho jAte haiN| dekhie parAzara bhI (parA0 mA0, jilda 2, bhAga 1, pR0 172) / sAmAnya jIvana meM vyavahRta pAtroM evaM baratanoM kI zuddhi ke viSaya meM baughA0 gha0 sU0 (115 / 34-50 evaM 1 / 6 / 33-42), yAjJa0 (11182-183), viSNu0 (23 // 2-5), zaMkha (16 / 115) Adi ne vistRta niyama diye haiN| inakA katipaya niyamoM meM mataikya nahIM hai| mitA0 (yAjJa0 11190) ne kahA hai ki yaha koI Avazyaka nahIM hai ki tAnna 68. prapAsvaraNye ghaTagaM ca kUpe bolyo jalaM phozagatAstathApaH / Rtepi zabAttavapeyamAhurApadgataH kAmitavat pibettu // yama (aparArka, pR0 273, zu0pra0, pR0 104) / 69. gavAghrAtAni kAMsyAni zUdrocchiSTAni yAni ca / zuSyanti bazabhiH kSAraiH zvakAkopahatAni ca // meSA0 (manu 51113 evaM yAjJa0 13190) /

Page #198
1191 pAtuoM ke vividha pAtroM (paratanoM) kI zuddhi zuddhi kevala amla (khaTAI) se hotI hai, anya sAdhana bhI prayukta ho sakate haiN| pAtroM kI zuddhi kI vibhinna vidhiyoM ke viSaya meM likhanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| zuddhiprakAza (pR0 117-118) kI eka ukti isa viSaya meM paryApta hogI ki madhyakAla meM pAtra-zuddhi kisa prakAra kI jAtI thI-"sone, cAMdI, mUMgA, ratna, sIpiyoM, pattharoM, kA~se, pItala, TIna, sIsA ke pAtra kevala jala se zuddha ho jAte haiM yadi unameM gandagI cipakI huI na ho; yadi unameM ucchiSTa bhojana Adi lage hoM to ve amla, jala Adi se paristhiti ke anusAra zuddha kiye jAte haiN| yadi aise pAtra zUdroM dvArA bahuta dinoM taka prayoga meM lAye gaye hoM yA unameM bhojana ke kaNoM kA sparza huA ho to unheM pahale bhasma se mAMjanA cAhie aura tIna bAra jala se dhonA cAhie aura anta meM unheM agni meM usa sImA taka tapAnA cAhie ki ve samagna raha sakeM arthAt TUTa na jAyeM, gala na jAyeM yA jala na jAyeM, tabhI ve zuddha hote haiN| kAMse ke baratana yadi kuttoM, kauoM, zUdroM yA ucchiSTa bhojana se kevala eka bAra chU jAyeM to unheM jala evaM namaka se dasa bAra mAMjanA cAhie, kintu yadi kaI bAra uparyukta rUpa se azuddha ho jAye to unheM 21 bAra mAMjakara zuddha karanA caahie| yadi tIna ucca vargoM ke pAtra ko zUdra vyavahAra meM lAye to vaha cAra bAra namaka se ghone evaM tapAne se tathA jala se dhoye gaye zuddha hAthoM meM grahaNa karane se zuddha ho jAtA hai| sadyaH prasUtA nArI dvArA vyavahRta kAMse kA pAtra yA vaha jo madya se azuddha ho gayA ho tapAne se zuddha ho jAtA hai, kintu yadi vaha usa prakAra kaI bAra vyavahRta huA ho taba vaha punarnirmita hone se hI zuddha hotA hai| vaha kAMse kA baratana jisameM bahudhA kullA kiyA gayA ho, yA jisameM paira dhoye gaye hoM use pRthivI meM cha: mAsa taka gAr3a denA cAhie aura use phira tapAkara kAma meM lAnA cAhie (parAzara 7 / 24-25); kintu yadi vaha kevala eka bAra isa prakAra azuddha huA ho to kevala 10 dinoM taka gAr3a denA caahie| sabhI prakAra ke dhAtu-pAtra yadi thor3e kAla ke lie zarIra kI gandagiyoM, yathA-mala, mUtra, vIrya se azuddha ho jAya~ to sAta dinoM taka gomUtra meM. rakhane yA nadI meM rakhane se zuddha ho jAte haiM, kintu yadi ve kaI bAra azuddha ho jAyeM yA zava, sadya:prasUtA nArI yA rajasvalA nArI se chU jAye to tIna bAra namaka, amla yA jala se dhoye jAne ke uparAnta tapAne se zuddha ho jAte haiM, kintu yadi ve bhUtra se bahuta samaya taka azuddha ho jAye to punarnirmita hone para hI zuddha ho sakate haiN|" viSNu0 (23 / 2 evaM 5) ne kahA hai ki sabhI dhAtupAtra jaba atyanta azuddha ho jAte haiM to ve tapAne se zuddha ho jAte haiM, kintu atyanta azuddha lakar3I evaM miTTI ke pAtra tyAga dene caahie| kintu devala kA kathana hai ki kama azuddha hue kASThapAtra takSaNa (chIlane) se yA miTTI, gobara yA jala se svaccha ho jAte haiM aura miTTI ke pAtra yadi adhika azuddha nahIM hue rahate to tapAne se zuddha ho jAte haiM (yAjJa0 11187 meM bhI aisA hI hai)| kintu vasiSTha (3159) ne kahA hai ki surA, mUtra, mala, balagama (zleSmA), AMsU, pIva evaM rakta se azuddha hue miTTI ke pAtra agni meM tapAne para bhI zuddha nahIM hote|" ___ vaidika yajJoM meM prayukta pAtroM evaM vastuoM kI zuddhi ke lie viziSTa niyama haiN| baughA0 dha0 sU0 (115 / 5152) ke mata se yazoM meM prayukta camasa-pAtra viziSTa vaidika mantroM se zuddha kiye jAte haiM"; kyoMki vedAnusAra jaba unameM somarasa kA pAna kiyA jAtA hai to camasa-pAtra ucchiSTa hone ke doSa se mukta rahate haiN| manu (5 / 116-117), yAjJa. (11183-185), viSNu0 (238-11), zaMkha (16 / 6), parAzara (7 / 2-3) Adi ne bhI yajJa-pAtroM kI zuddhi ke .. 7.. matraiH purIvairvA shlessmpuupaashushonnitH| saMspRSTaM naiva zubhyeta punaHpAkena manmayam // vasiSTha (3159= manu 5 / 123) / 71. vacanAyo cmspaatraannaam| na somenocchiSTA bhavantIti shrutiH| bau0 500 (15 / 51-52) / dekhie isa pantha kA saga 2, adhyAya 33, jahA~ eka ke pazcAta eka purohitoM dvArA camasoM se soma pIne kA ullekha hai|

Page #199
1992 parnazAstra kA itihAsa niyama diye haiN| udAharaNArtha, manu (5 / 116-117) kA kathana hai-yajJiya pAtroM ko sarvaprathama dAhine hAtha (yA darbha yA channe) se ragar3anA cAhie aura taba camasa evaM pyAle yajJa meM vyavahRta hone ke pazcAt jala se dhoye jAte haiM; gharasthAlI (jisameM Ahuti ke lie bhAta kI havi banAyI jAtI hai), khuva (kATha kA karachula jisase yajJiya agni meM ghRta DAlA jAtA hai) evaM truci (ardhavRtta-mukhI kATha kA karachula) garma jala se zuddha kiye jAte haiM; sphaya (kATha kI talavAra), sUrya (sUpa), gAr3I (jisake dvArA soma ke paudhe lAye jAte haiM), kATha kA Ukhala (okhalI) evaM muzala jala se svaccha kiye jAte haiM (yA yAjJa. 1174 ke anusAra jala-mArjana se zuddha kiye jAte haiN| azada anna evaM siddha bhojana kI zaddhi ke lie bhI katipaya niyama haiN| ina niyamoM meM savidhA. sAdhAraNa jAnakArI evaM hAni kI bAtoM para bhI dhyAna diyA gayA hai| viSNu0 (23 / 25) kA kathana hai ki jaba cAvala (yA anya anna) kI DherI azaddha ho jAya to kevala azaddha bhAga ko haTA denA cAhie aura zeSa ko ghokara carNa meM pariNata kara denA cAhie; eka droNa (prAyaH 30 sera) siddha anna azuddha ho jAne para kevala usa bhAga ko haTA denA upayukta hai jo vAstava meM azaddha huA hai, kintu zeSa para sonA-mizrita jala chir3akanA cAhie (usa jala para gAyatrImantra kA pATha honA cAhie),use bakarI ko dikhAnA cAhie aura agni ke pAsa rakhanA caahie| aura dekhie bau0 gha0 sU0 (116 / 44-48) / yadi dhAna azuddha ho gaye hoM to unheM dhokara sukhA denA caahie| yadi ve adhika hoM to kevala jala-mArjana paryApta hai; bhUsI haTAyA huA cAvala (azuddha hone para)tyAga denA caahie| yahI niyama pake hue iviSyoM ke lie bhI prayukta hotA hai| yadi adhika siddha-bhojana azuddha ho jAya to vaha bhAga jo kauoM yA kuttoM se azuddha ho gayA ho haTA denA cAhie aura zeSAMza para 'pavamAnaH suvarjanaH' (taittirIyabrAhmaNa, 1418) ke anuvAka ke sAtha jala-chir3akAva kara lenA caahie| gautama0 (17) 9-10) kA kathana hai ki keza evaM kIToM (cIMTI Adi) ke sAtha pake bhojana, rajasvalA nArI se chU gaye yA kaue se coMca mAre gaye yA paira se laga gaye bhojana ko nahIM khAnA caahie| kintu jaba bhojana bana cukA ho taba vaha kaue dvArA chuA gayA ho yA usameM keza, kITa evaM makkhiyA~ par3a gayI hoM to yAjJa0 (13189) evaM parAzara (6.64-65) ke mata se usa para bhasma-mizrita jala evaM dhUli (jalayukta) chor3a denI caahie| A0 gha0 sU0 (1 / 5 / 16 / 24-29) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki jisa bhojana meM keza (pahale se hI par3A huA) yA anya koI vastu (nakha Adi) ho to vaha azuddha kahA jAtA hai aura use nahIM khAnA cAhie, yA vaha bhojana jo apavitra padArtha se chU diyA gayA ho yA jisameM apavitra vastubhojI kITa par3e hue hoM yA jo kisI ke paira se dhakkA khA gayA ho yA jisameM cUhe kI leMDI yA pUMcha (yA koI zarIrAMga) par3A.pAyA jAya, use nahIM khAnA caahie| manu (5 / 118) ne eka sAmAnya niyama diyA hai jo annoM evaM vastroM ke atirikta anya vastuoM ke sAtha bhI vyavahRta hotA hai, yathA yadi vastu-samUha kI rAzi ho to prokSaNa (jala chir3akanA) paryApta hai, yadi mAtrA kama ho to jala se dho lenA Avazyaka hai| manu (5|125=vissnnu0 23 // 38) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki siddha bhojana (thor3I mAtrA meM), jisakA eka aMza (manuSyoM dvArA khAye jAnevAle) pakSiyoM dvArA coMca mAre jAne para yA koe dvArA chU liye jAne para, manuSya ke paira dvArA dhakkA khA jAne para, usa para kisI dvArA chIMka diye jAne para, keza yA kIToM ke par3a jAne para dhUli 72. asivasyAnasya yAvanmAtramupahataM tanmAtraM parityajya zeSasya kanDanaprakSAlane kuryAt / droNAdhikaM siddhamantramupahataM na dussyti| tasyopahatamAtramapAsya gAyatryAbhimantritaM suvarNAmbhaH prakSiped bastasya ca pradarzayedagnazca / viSNu0 (23 / 11) / zuddhiko0 (pR0 317) ne 'sUryasya darzayedAnezca' par3hA hai| 73. nityamabhojyam / kezakITAvapannam / rajasvalAkRSNazakunipadopahatam / gau0 (178-10) /

Page #200
kacce anna aura siddha bhojana kI zuddhi; vastroM, kaThora vastuoM kI zuddhi-vyavasthA 1193 evaM jala chir3aka dene se pavitra ho jAtA hai| parAzara (6 / 71-75 ) ne isa viSaya meM yoM kahA hai- 'brAhmaNa dvArA vaha bhojana, jise kuttoM ne cATa liyA ho, kaue ne coMca se chU diyA ho, yA jise gAya yA gadhe ne sUMgha liyA ho, tyakta ho jAnA cAhie, kintu yadi vaha eka droNa yA ADhaka kI mAtrA meM ho to usakI zuddhi kara lenI caahie| vaha bhAga, jisa para kutte kI lAra Tapaka par3I yA jise kaue ne chU liyA ho, tyAga denA cAhie aura zeSAMza para suvarNa-jala chir3aka denA cAhie, usa para agni kA tApa de denA cAhie, brAhmaNoM ko usa para vaidika mantra (pavamAna sUkta Adi) kA jora se pATha karanA cAhie, isake uparAnta vaha bhojana khAne yogya ho jAtA hai / " zuddhiprakAza ( pR0 128 - 129 ) ne vyAkhyA kI hai ki eka droNa se adhika bhojana dhanika logoM dvArA pheMka nahIM diyA jAnA cAhie aura yahI bAta daridroM ke lie eka ADhaka bhojana ke viSaya meM bhI lAgU hotI hai| *" manu (5 / 115) kA kathana hai ki drava (tarala padArtha, yathA-tela, ghI Adi ) kI zuddhi ( jaba vaha thor3I mAtrA meM ho) usameM do kuzoM ko DAla dene se ( yA dUsare pAtra meM chAna dene se ) ho jAtI hai, kintu yadi mAtrA adhika ho to jala-mArjana paryApta hai|" zaMkha ( 16 / 11-12 ) kA kathana hai ki sabhI prakAra ke niryAsoM (vRkSoM se jo srAva yA rasa Adi nikalate haiM), gur3a, namaka, kusumbha, kuMkuma, Una evaM sUta ke viSaya meM zuddhi prokSaNa se ho jAtI hai / " yAjJa0 kucha bAteM vastra paridhAnoM evaM una vastuoM ke viSaya meM, jinase ye nirmita hotI haiM, likhanA Avazyaka hai / laghuAzvalAyana (1128-30) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki pahanane ke lie zveta vastra (dhotI) upayukta hai, uttarIya Adi zveta vastra ke hone cAhie, kisI ke sparza se ye azuddha nahIM hote haiN| donoM se yukta hokara loga mala-mUtra kA tyAga kara sakate haiN| sara ( Tasara ) dhokara svaccha kiyA jAtA hai, kintu rezamI vastra sadA zuddha rahate haiN| manu ( 5 / 120-121 ), (1 / 186 - 187 ) evaM viSNu ( 23 / 19-22 ) ne bhI yahI kahA hai, kintu thor3e antara ke sAtha, yathA--- rezamI evaM UnI vastra lavaNayukta (kSAra) jala se svaccha karanA cAhie (gomUtra evaM jala se bhI), nepAlI kambala rIThe se, chAla se bane vastra bela ke phala se evaM kSauma paTa yA sana se banA vastra zveta sarasoM ke lepa se svaccha karanA caahie| viSNu0 ( 23 / 6) kA kathana hai ki jaba vastra atyanta azuddha ho gayA ho aura jaba vaha bhAga jo zuddha karane se raMgahIna ho gayA ho to use phAr3akara bAhara kara denA caahie| zaMkha (vizvarUpa, yAjJa0 11182 ) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki paridhAna ko garma vASpa evaM jala se zuddha karanA cAhie aura apavitra aMza ko phAr3a denA caahie| parAzara ( 7/28) ne kahA hai ki bA~sa, vRkSa kI chAla, sana evaM rUI ke paridhAna, Una evaM bhUrjapatra ke bane vastra kevala prokSaNa (pAnI se dho dene) se svaccha ho jAte haiM / 74. kAkazvAnAvalIDhaM tu gavAghrAtaM. khareNa vA / svalpamannaM tyajedvipraH zuddhidroMNADhake bhavet // annasyoddhRtya tanmAtraM yacca lAlAhataM bhavet / suvarNodakamabhyukSya hutAzenaiva tApayet / / hutAzanena saMspRSTaM suvarNasalilena ca / viprANAM brahmaghoSeNa bhojyaM bhavati tatkSaNAt // parAzara ( 6 / 71-74) evaM zu0 pra0 (50 128 - 129 ) / 75. droNa evaM ADhaka kI viziSTa jAnakArI ke lie dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 3, adhyAya 4 / adhikAMza lekhakoM ne eka droNa ko cAra ADhaka ke samAna mAnA hai| 76. dravANAM caiva sarveSAM zuddhirutpavanaM smRtam / prokSaNaM saMhatAnAM ca dAravANAM ca takSaNam // manu ( 5 / 115) / kullUka ne vyAkhyA kI hai- " prAdezapramANakuzapatradvayAbhyAmutpavanena zuddhiH"; zuddhiprakAza (pU0 133) ne yoM likhA hai -- " utpavanaM vastrAntAretapAtraprakSepeNa kITAdyapanayanamityuktam / " 77. niyosAnAM guDAnAM ca lavaNAnAM tathaiva ca / kusumbhakuMkumAnAM ca UrNAkArpAsayostathA / prokSaNAtkathitA zuddhirityAha bhagavAnyamaH // zaMkha (16 / 11-12) /

Page #201
1194 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa __ smRtiyoM ne bahuta-sI anya vastuoM kI zuddhi kI carcA kI hai, jise hama mahattvapUrNa na samajhakara chor3a rahe haiN| doeka udAharaNa de diye jA rahe haiN| manu (5 / 119) ne kahA hai ki carma evaM bA~sa kI tIliyoM (yA betoM) se banI huI vastue~ vastroM ke samAna hI zuddha kI jAtI haiM aura zAka, mUla evaM phala Adi annoM ke sadRza svaccha kiye jAte haiN| manu (5 / 120121) ne punaH kahA hai ki sIpa, zaMkha, sIMga (bhaisoM evaM bher3oM ke) evaM hAthiyoM ke dA~ta tathA asthiyA~ yA sUaroM ke dA~ta sana ke vastroM ke samAna yA gomUtra yA jala se zuddha hote haiM, ghAsa, lakar3iyA~ evaM bhUsA prokSaNa se pavitra kiye jAte haiN| viSNu0 (23 // 15, 16, 23) evaM yAjJa0 (11185) ne bhI aisI hI vyavasthA dI hai| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hotA hai ki vastuoM kI zuddhi kaI bAtoM para nirbhara hai, arthAt ve dhAtu kI haiM yA miTTI kI, ve kaThora haiM yA tarala, ve adhika mAtrA meM haiM yA thor3I, yA DherI meM haiM, athavA azuddhi atyadhika hai yA sAdhAraNa, aadi| manu (5 / 110) kI dravya-zuddhi manuSya ke zarIra ko zuddhi ke sAdhanoM kA anusaraNa karatI hai| isa grantha ke khaNDa 2, adhyAya 7, 11, 12 evaM 17 meM Acamana, snAna Adi ke rUpa meM zarIra-zuddhi kA vivecana ho cukA hai| azauca kI zuddhi snAna se hotI hai, isa para hamane vicAra kara liyA hai| vyabhicAra ke aparAdha vAlI nArI evaM balAtkAra se bhraSTa kI huI nArI kI zuddhi ke lie viziSTa niyama haiM (dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 11) / patita (brahmaghAtaka Adi), cANDAla, sadyaHprasUtA nArI, rajasvalA nArI tathA zava kA sparza karane para vastrayukta snAna kA vidhAna hai| yahI bAta zava-yAtrA evaM kuttoM ke chUne para bhI hai (gautama0 14128-30; manu 5 / 85 evaM 103; aMgirA 152; A0 30 sU0 105 / 15 / 15-16 evaM yAjJa0 3 / 30) / bau0 50 sU0 (115 / 140) meM AyA hai ki veda-vikretA (dhana lekara par3hAne vAle), yUpa (jisameM sira bA~dhakara bali dI jAtI hai), citA, patita, kutte evaM cANDAla kA sparza karane para snAna karanA caahie| yahI bAta parAzara ne bhI kahI hai| isa grantha ke khaNDa 2, adhyAya 4 meM hamane dekha liyA hai ki kisa prakAra mandira yA dhArmika julUsoM meM, vivAhoM, utsavoM evaM tIrthoM ke mele-Thele meM aspRzyoM ke sparza ke viSaya meM niyama DhIle kara diye gaye haiN| kucha loga kahate haiM ki yahA~ aspRzyoM ke prati nahIM pratyuta azauca se yukta puruSoM ke prati chUTa kI ora saMketa hai| kintu yaha ThIka nahIM hai, jaisA ki zuddhiprakAza evaM zuddhikaumudI kI vyAkhyA se prakaTa hotA hai| yathA-prathama bAta yaha hai ki prayukta vacana sAmAnya rUpa se kahe gaye haiM, na ki saMkucita artha meN| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jananAzauca ke AdhAra para (mAtA ko chor3akara) chUta nahIM lagatI, aura yaha bAta prakaTa hai ki maraNAzauca vAle vyakti mandira meM, vivAhoM, dhArmika yAtrA yA mele yA utsava meM nahIM jaate| tIsarI bAta yaha hai ki bahuta se avasaroM ko ullikhita karate samaya (yathA-dhArmika yAtrAoM, yuddhoM, gA~va evaM nagara meM Aga lagane, viplavoM yA bAhyAkramaNoM meM sammilita hote samaya) aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki uparyukta ukti kevala janana-maraNAzIca kI ora saMketa karatI hai| " 78. vedavikrayiNaM yUpaM patitaM citimeva c| spRSTvA samAcaretsnAnaM zvAnaM caNDAlameva ca // bau0 50 sU0 (115 / 140) / caityavRkSazciti' pazcANDAlaH somvikryo| etAMstu brAhmaNaH spRSTvA sacailo jalamAvizet // parAzara (zu0 ko0, pR0 327, jisane vyAkhyA kI hai--caityavRkSo grAmamadhye devapUjAvRkSaH, yUpontyeSTikarmayUpazcitisaMnidhAnAt / 79. tIye vivAhe yAtrAyAM saMgrAme dezaviplave / nagaraprAmadAhe ca spRSTAspRSTirna duSyati // bRhaspati (20 kau0, pR0 323; zu0 pra0, pR0 130) / aura dekhie smRtica0 (1, pR0 121-122), jisane yaha evaM anya do uddhRta kiye haiM--"devayAtrAvivAheSu yajJeSu prakRteSu c| utsaveSu ca sarveSu spRSTAspRSTirna vidyate ||...(shaataatp evaM sstttriNshnmt)|

Page #202
aspRzyatA ke kucha apavAda; niSkarSa 1995 prAcIna evaM madhyakAlIna bhAratIyoM ne tana, mana, (dhana,) sthala (jahA~ ve rahate the yA dhArmika kRtya karate the), pAtroM (unake dvArA vyavahRta baratanoM), bhojana-sAmagrI evaM pUjA-sAmagrI kI pavitratA para bahuta hI bala diyA hai| Adhunika kAla ke logoM ko dravyazuddhi-sambandhI katipaya niyama bahuta kar3e lagate hoMge; kintu yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki prAcIna bhAratIyoM kA aisA vicAra thA ki zuddha bhojana se hI zuddha mana kI prApti hotI hai (dekhie chAndogyopaniSad - 26 / 2 "AhArazuddhau sattvazuddhiH" evaM haariit)| yaha jJAtavya hai ki zuddhi-sambandhI (yathA-annoM kI DherI yA siddha annoM kI puMjIkRta mAtrA ke viSaya meM) katipaya niyama suvidhA evaM sAdhAraNa jAnakArI para nirbhara the| Ajakala jahA~ bhI kahIM bhojana, pAna karate hue hama sambhavataH niyama-virodha ke sImAtikramaNa se pIr3ita ho rahe haiN|

Page #203
adhyAya 9 zrAddha kaI dRSTiyoM se yaha viSaya bar3A vyAvahArika mahattva rakhatA hai| brahmapurANa ne bAta kI paribhASA yoM dI hai-'jo kucha ucita kAla, pAtra evaM sthAna ke anusAra ucita (zAstrAnumodita) vidhi dvArA pitaroM ko lakSya karake zraddhApUrvaka brAhmaNoM ko diyA jAtA hai, vaha zrAddha kahalAtA hai|" mitAkSarA (yAjJa0 0217) ne zrAddha ko yoM parimASita kiyA hai-'pitaroM kA uddezya karake (unake kalyANa ke lie) zraddhApUrvaka kisI vastu kA yA unase sambandhita kisI dravya kA tyAga zrAddha hai|' kalpataru kI paribhASA yoM hai-'pitaroM kA uddezya karake (unake lAbha ke lie) yajJiya vastu kA tyAga evaM brAhmaNoM dvArA usakA grahaNa pradhAna zrAddhasvarUpa hai|' rudradhara ke zrAddhaviveka evaM zrAddhaprakAza ne mitA0 ke samAna hI kahA hai, kintu inameM paribhASA kucha ulajha-sI gayI hai| yAjJa0 (11268=agnipurANa 163 / 40-41) kA kathana hai ki pitara loga, yathA-vasu, rudra evaM Aditya, jo zrAddha ke devatA haiM, zrAddha se santuSTa hokara mAnavoM ke pUrvapuruSoM ko santuSTi dete haiN| yaha vacana evaM manu (3 / 284) kI ukti yaha spaSTa karatI hai ki manuSya ke tIna pUrvaja, yathA-pitA, pitAmaha evaM prapitAmaha krama se pitR-devoM, arthAt vasuoM, rudroM evaM AdityoM ke samAna haiM aura zrAddha karate samaya unako pUrvajoM kA pratinidhi mAnanA caahie| kucha logoM ke mata se zrAddha se ina bAtoM kA nirdeza hotA hai; homa, piNDadAna evaM brAhmaNa-tarpaNa (brAhmaNa-saMtuSTi, bhojana Adi se); kintu zrAddha zabda kA prayoga ina tInoM ke sAtha gauNa artha meM upayukta samajhA jA sakatA hai| 1. veze kAle ca pAtre ca zrayayA vidhinA ca yat / pitRnuddizya viprenyo dattaM pAtamuvAhatam // brahmapurANa (bhAvaprakAza, pR. 3 evaM 6 pAkhakalpalatA, pR0 3; parA0 mA0 102, 10 299) / mitA0 (yAja0 1 / 217) meM mAyA hai-'zrAvaM nAmAdanIyasya tatsthAnIyasya vA dravyasya pretoddezena bhakhayA tyaagH|' bhAvakalpatarU (pR0 4) meM aisA kahA gayA hai-'etena pitRnuddizya dravyatyAgo brAhmaNasvIkaraNaparyantaM zrAvasvarUpaM pradhAnam / ' zrArakriyAkaumudI (pR. 3-4)kA kayana hai-'kalpatarulakSaNamapyanupAdeyaM saMnyAsinAmAtmadhA devadhA sanakAvidhA caavyaaptH| zrIdattAta pitRbhakti meM AyA hai-'atra kalpatarakAraH pitRnuddizya dravyapAto brAhmaNasvIkaraNaparyanto hi thAyamityAha tkyuktm|' bIpakalikA (yAza0 11128) ne kalpatara kI bAta mAnI hai| bhAvaviveka (pR0 1) ne isa prakAra kahA hai-'dhADaM nAma vevabodhitapAtrAlambhamapUrvakapramItapitrAdidevatodRzyako dravyatyAgavizeSaH / ' bhAvaprakAza (10 4) ne isa prakAra kahA hai--'atrApastambAvisakalavacanaparyAlocanayA pramItamAtroddezyakAnnatyAgavizeSasya brAhmaNAdhikaraNapratipasyaGgakasya bhAvapadArthatvaM prtiiyte| bhAsaviveka kA kayana hai ki 'dravyatyAga' veda ke zamvoM dvArA vihita (vedabodhita) hai aura tyAgI huI vastu supAtra brAhmaNa ko (pAtrAlambhanapUrvaka) dI jAtI hai| bhAvaprakAza meM 'pratipatti' kA artha hai yajJa meM prayukta kisI vastu kI antima pariNati, jaisA ki 'darzapUrNamAsa' yajJa meM 'saha zAkhayA prastaraM praharati' nAmaka vAkya AyA hai| yahA~ 'zAkhApraharaNa' 'pratipattikarma' hai (jaimini0 4 / 2 / 10-13) na ki arthakarma / isI prakAra AhitAgni ke sAtha usake yajJapAtroM kA dAha pratipattikarma hai (jahA~ taka yajJapAtroM kA sambandha hai)|

Page #204
mRta pitaroM ko zrAddhIya vastuoM kI prApti 1197 karma, punarjanma evaM karmavipAka ke siddhAnta meM aTala vizvAsa rakhanevAle vyakti isa siddhAnta ke sAtha ki piNDadAna karane se tIna pUrva-puruSoM kI AtmA ko santuSTi prApta hotI hai, kaThinAI se samajhautA kara sakate haiM / punarjanma ( dekhie bRhadAraNyakopaniSad 4 / 414 evaM bhagavadgItA 2 / 22 ) ' ke siddhAnta ke anusAra AtmA eka zarIra ko chor3akara dUsare navIna zarIra meM praviSTa hotI hai| kintu tIna pUrva puruSoM ke piNDadAna kA siddhAnta yaha batalAtA hai ki tInoM pUrvajoM kI AtmAe~ 50 yA 100 varSoM ke uparAnta mI vAyu meM santaraNa karate hue cAvala ke piNDoM kI sugandhi yA sAratattva vAyavya zarIra dvArA grahaNa karane meM samartha hotI haiN| isake atirikta yAjJa0 (11269 = mArkaNDeyapurANa 29 / 38), matsyapurANa ( 19 / 11-12 ) evaM agnipurANa ( 163 / 41-42 ) meM AyA hai ki pitAmaha loga ( pitara) zrAddha meM diye gaye piNDoM se svayaM 'santuSTa hokara apane vaMzajoM ko jIvana, saMtati, sampatti, vidyA, svarga, mokSa, sabhI sukha evaM rAjya dete haiM / matsyapurANa (19 / 2) meM RSiyoM dvArA pUchA gayA eka prazna aisA AyA hai ki vaha bhojana, jise brAhmaNa (zrAddha meM Amantrita ) khAtA hai yA jo agni meM DAlA jAtA hai, kyA una mRtAtmAoM dvArA khAyA jAtA hai, jo (mRtyUparAnta) acche yA bure zarIra dhAraNa kara cuke hoNge| vahIM ( zloka 3 - 9 ) yaha uttara diyA gayA hai ki pitA, pitAmaha evaM prapitAmaha, vaidika uktiyoM ke 'anusAra, krama se vasuoM, rudroM evaM AdityoM ke samAnarUpa mAne gaye haiM; ki nAma evaM gotra ( zrAddha ke samaya varNita ), uccarita mantra evaM zraddhA AhutiyoM ko pitaroM ke pAsa le jAte haiM; ki yadi kisI ke pitA ( apane acche karmoM ke kAraNa ) devatA ho gaye haiM, to zrAddha meM diyA huA bhojana amRta ho jAtA hai aura vaha unake devatva kI sthiti meM unakA anusaraNa karatA hai; yadi ve daitya (asura) ho gaye haiM to vaha (zrAddha meM diyA gayA bhojana) unake pAsa bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke AnandoM ke rUpa meM pahu~catA hai; yadi ve pazu ho gaye haiM to vaha unake lie ghAsa ho jAtA hai aura yadi ve sarpa ho gaye haiM to zrAddha-bhojana vAyu banakara unakI sevA karatA hai, aadi-aadi| zrAddhakalpataru ( pR0 5 ) ne matsya 0 ( 1915 - 9 ) ke zloka mArkaNDeya purANa ke kahakara uddhRta kiye haiM / vizvarUpa ( yAjJa0 1 / 265 ) ne bhI uparyukta virodha upasthita karake svayaM kaI uttara diye haiN| eka uttara yaha hai--yaha bAta pUrNarUpeNa zAstra para AdhArita hai, ataH jaba zAstra kahatA hai ki pitaroM ko saMtuSTi milatI hai aura kartA ko manovAMchita phala prApta hotA hai, to koI virodha nahIM khar3A karanA caahie| eka dUsarA uttara yaha hai - 'vasu, rudra Adi aise devatA haiM jo sabhI sthAnoM meM apanI pahu~ca rakhate haiM, ataH pitara loga jahA~ bhI hoM ve unheM santuSTa karane kI zakti rakhate haiM / vizvarUpa ne praznakartAoM ko nAstika nahIM kahA hai, jaisA ki kucha anya logoM evaM pazcAtkAlIna lekhakoM ne kahA hai / ' nanda- paNDitakRta zrAddhakalpa tA ( lagabhaga 1600 I0) ne virodhiyoM (jinheM ve nAstika kahate haiM) ko vistRta pratyuttara diyA hai| virodhiyoM kA kathana hai ki pitA Adi ke lie, jo apana viziSTa karmoM ke anusAra svarga yA naraka ko jAte haiM yA anya prakAra kA jovana dhAraNa karate haiM, zrAddha-sampAdana koI artha nahIM rakhatA / nanda paNDita ne pUchA hai - " zrAddha kyoM anupayogI hai? kyA isalie ki isake sampAdana kI aparihAryatA ke lie koI vyavasthita vidhAna nahIM hai ? yA 2. ayamAtmedaM zarIraM nihatyAvidyAM gamayitvAnyannavataraM kalyANataraM rUpaM kurute pitryaM vA gAndhavaM vA devaM vA prAjApatyaM vA brAhmaM vAnyeSAM vA bhUtAnAm / bRha0 upa0 ( 41414 ) ; tathA zarIrANi vihAya jIrNAnyanyAni saMyAti navAni dehI // gItA ( 2 / 22) / 3. kathaM hi svakarmAnusArAvane kavidhayonigata pitRtuSTyupapattiH / zAstrapramANakatvAdasyAyaMsyAcodyametat / . ete devA vasvAdayaH prItAH prINayanti yatratatrasthAn manuSyANAM pitRRn zrAddhAttarasAnupradAnenetyarthaH / sarvaprANigatatvAccaiSAM sarvAvasthitapitRtarpaNa sAmarthyamaviruddham / ' vizvarUpa ( yAjJa0 1 / 265, pR0 171 ) /

Page #205
1198 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa isalie ki zrAddha se phaloM kI prApti nahIM hotI? yA isalie ki yaha siddha nahIM huA hai ki pitagaNa zrAddha se saMtuSTi pAte haiM ? prathama prazna kA uttara yaha hai ki "vijJa logoM ko pUrI zakti bhara zrAddha avazya karanA cAhie"- aise vacana milate haiM jo zrAddha kI anivAryatA ghoSita karate haiN| isI prakAra dUsarA virodha bhI anucita hai, kyoMki yAjJa0 (1 / 269) ne zrAddha ke phala bhI ghoSita kiye haiM, yathA dIrgha jIvana aadi| isI prakAra tIsarA vikalpa bhI svIkAra karane yogya nahIM hai| zrAddha-kRtyoM meM aisA nahIM hai ki kevala 'devadatta' Adi nAma vAle pUrvaja hI prAptikartA haiM aura ve pita, pitAmaha evaM prapitAmaha zabdoM se lakSita hote haiM, pratyuta ve nAma vasuoM, rudroM evaM AdityoM-jaise adhIkSaka devatAoM ke sAtha hI dyotita hote haiN| jisa prakAra 'devadatta Adi zabdoM se jo lakSita hotA hai vaha na kevala zarIroM (jaise ki nAma diye gaye haiM) evaM AtmAoM kA dyotana karatA hai, pratyuta vaha zarIroM se viziSTIkRta vyaktigata AtmAoM kA paricAyaka hai| isI prakAra pitR Adi zabda adhIkSaka devatAoM (vasa, rudra evaM Aditya) ke sAtha 'devadatta' evaM anyoM ke sammilita rUpa kA dyotana karate haiN| ataH vasu Adi adhIkSaka devatAgaNa putroM Adi dvArA diye gaye bhojana-pAna se santuSTa hokara unheM, arthAt devadatta Adi ko santuSTa karate haiM aura zrAddhakartA ko putra, saMtati, jIvana, sampatti Adi ke phala dete haiN| jisa prakAra garbhavatI mAtA dohada (garbhavatI dazA meM striyoM kI viziSTa icchA) rUpa meM anya logoM se madhura anna-pAna Adi dvArA svayaM santuSTi prApta karatI hai aura garmasthita bacce ko bhI saMtuSTi detI hai tathA dohada, anna Adi denevAle ko pratyupakAraka phala detI hai, vaise hI pitR zabda se dyotita pitA, pitAmaha evaM prapitAmaha vasuoM, rudroM evaM AdityoM ke rUpa haiM, ve kevala mAnava rUpa meM kahe jAnevAle devadatta Adi ke samAna nahIM haiN| isI se ye adhiSThAtA devatAgaNa zrAddha meM kiye gaye dAnAdi ke prAptikartA hote haiM, zrAddha se tarpita (santuSTa) hote haiM aura manuSyoM ke pitaroM ko santuSTa karate haiM" (zrAddhakalpalatA, pR0 3-4) / zrAddhakalpalatA ne mArkaNDeyapurANa se 18 zloka uddhRta kiye haiM, jinameM bahutase adhyAya 28 meM pAye jAte haiN| jisa prakAra bachar3A apanI mAtA ko itastataH phailI huI anya gAyoM meM se cuna letA hai usI prakAra zrAddha meM kahe gaye mantra pradatta bhojana ko pitaroM taka le jAte haiN|' zrAddhakalparatA ne mArkaNDeyapurANa ke AdhAra para jo tarka upasthita kiye haiM ve santoSajanaka nahIM haiM aura unameM bahuta khIMcAtAnI hai| mArkaNDeya evaM matsya, aisA lagatA hai, vedAnta ke isa kathana ke sAtha haiM ki AtmA isa zarIra ko chor3akara deva yA manuSya yA pazu yA sarpa Adi ke rUpa meM avasthita ho jAtI hai| jo anumAna upasthita kiyA gayA hai vaha yaha hai ki zrAddha meM jo anna-pAna diyA jAtA hai vaha pitaroM ke upayoga ke lie vibhinna dravyoM meM parivartita ho jAtA hai (matsya0 144174-75) / isa vyAkhyA ko svIkAra karane meM eka bar3I kaThinAI yaha hai ki pitRgaNa vibhinna sthAnoM meM mara sakate haiM aura zrAddha bahudhA una sthAnoM se dUra eka hI sthAna para kiyA jAtA hai| aisA mAnanA kliSTa kalpanA hai ki jahA~ duSkarmoM ke kAraNa koI pitara pazu rUpa meM parivartita ho gaye haiM, aise sthAna-vizeSa meM ugI huI ghAsa vahI hai, jo saikar3oM kosa dUra zrAddha meM kiye gaye dravyoM ke kAraNa utpanna huI hai| itanA hI nahIM, yadi eka yA sabhI pitara pazu Adi yoni meM parivartita ho gaye haiM to kisa prakAra apano santAnoM ko Ayu, dhana Adi de sakate haiM ? yadi yaha kArya vasu, rudra evaM Aditya karate haiM to sIdhe taura para yahI kahanA cAhie ki pitara loga apanI santati ko kucha bhI nahIM de skte| 4. yathA goSa pranaSTAsu vatso vindati mAtaram / tathA zrAddheSu dRSTAnto (dattAnaM ?) mantraH prApayate tu tam // matsya0 (141176); vAyu0 (56085 evaM 83 / 119-120); brahmANDa, anuSaMgapAda (218-90 / 91), upotAtapAva (2012-13), jaisA ki smRtica0 (zrA0, pR0 448) ne uddhRta kiyA hai| aura dekhie zrA0ka0 la0 (pR05)|

Page #206
mRta pitaroM ko zrAkhoya vastuoM ko prApti 1199 pratIta hotA hai ki (zrAddha dvArA) pUrvaja-pUjA prAcIna prathA hai aura punarjanma evaM karmavipAka ke siddhAnta apekSAkRta pazcAtkAlIna haiM aura hindU dharma ne, jo vyApaka hai (arthAt apane meM sabhI ko sameTa letA hai) punarjanma Adi ke siddhAnta grahaNa karate hue bhI zrAddhoM kI paramparA ko jyoM-kA-tyoM rakha liyA hai| eka prakAra se zrAddha-saMsthA ati uttama hai| isase vyakti apane una pUrvajoM kA smaraNa kara letA hai jo jIvitAvasthA meM apane priya the| 'AryasamAja' zrAddha-prathA kA virodha karatA hai aura Rgveda meM ullikhita pitaroM ko vAnaprasthAzrama meM rahane vAle jIvita logoM ke artha meM letA hai| yaha jJAtavya hai ki vaidika uktiyAM donoM siddhAntoM kA samarthana karatI haiN| zatapathabrAhmaNa ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki yajJakartA ke pitA ko diyA gayA bhojana ina zabdoM meM kahA jAtA hai--'yaha tumhAre lie hai|' viSNu0 (75 / 4) meM AyA hai-'vaha, jisakA pitA mRta ho gayA ho, apane pitA ke lie eka piNDa rakha sakatA hai|' manu (3 / 284) ne kahA hai ki pitA vasu, pitAmaha rudra evaM prapitAmaha Aditya kahe gaye haiN| yAjJa0 (11269) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki vasu, rudra evaM Aditya pita haiM aura zrAddha ke adhiSThAtA devatA haiN| isa antima kathana kA uddezya hai ki pitaroM kA dhyAna vasu, rudra Adi ke rUpa meM karanA caahie| . jaisA ki abhI hama vaidika uktiyoM ke viSaya meM dekheMge, pitaroM kI kalpita, kalyANakArI evaM hAniprada zakti para hI Adima avasthA ke logoM meM pUrvaja-pUjA kI prathA mahattA ko prApta huii| aisA samajhA jAtA thA ki pitara loga jIvita logoM ko lAbha evaM hAni donoM de sakate haiN| Arambhika kAla meM pUrvajoM ko prasanna karane ke lie jo AhutiyA~ dI jAtI thI athavA jo utsava kiye jAte the ve kAlAntara meM zraddhA evaM smaraNa ke cihnoM ke rUpa meM pracalita ho gaye haiN| prAkvaidika sAhitya meM pitaroM ke viSaya meM katipaya vizvAsa prakaTa kiye gaye haiN| bau0 dha0 sU0 (2 / 8 / 14) ne eka brAhmaNa-grantha se niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki pitara loga pakSiyoM ke rUpa meM vicaraNa karate haiN| yahI bAta ozanasasmRti evaM devala (kalpataru) ne bhI kahI hai| vAyu0 (75 / 13-15= uttarArdha 13 // 13-15) meM aisA kahA gayA hai ki zrAddha ke samaya pitara loga (Amantrita) brAhmaNoM meM vAyu rUpa se praviSTa ho jAte haiM aura jaba yogya brAhmaNa vastroM, annoM, pradAnoM, bhakSyoM, peyoM, gAyoM, azvoM, grAmoM Adi se sampUjita ho jAte haiM to ve prasanna hote haiN| manu (3119) evaM ozanasa-smRti isa sthApanA kA anumodana karate haiM ki pitara loga Amantrita brAhmaNoM meM praveza karate haiN| matsyapurANa (1855-7) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki mRtyu ke uparAnta pitara ko 12 dinoM taka piNDa dene cAhie, kyoMki ve usakI yAtrA meM bhojana kA kArya karate haiM aura use santoSa dete haiN| ataH AtmA mRtyu ke uparAnta 12 dinoM taka apane AvAsa ko nahIM tyAgatI; mRtAtmA apane ghara, apane putroM, apanI patnI ke caturdika 12 dinoM taka cakkara kATatA rahatA hai| ataH 10 dinoM taka dUdha (aura jala) Upara TAMga denA cAhie jisase sabhI yAtanAe~ (mRta ke kaSTa) dUra ho sakeM aura yAtrA kI thakAna miTa sake (mRtAtmA ko nizcita AvAsa svarga yA yama ke loka meM jAnA par3atA hai)| viSNudharmasUtra (20134-36) meM AyA hai-"mRtAtmA zrAddha meM 'svadhA' ke sAtha pradatta bhojana kA pitRloka meM rasAsvAdana karatA hai| cAhe mRtAtmA (svarga 5. vayasAM piNDaM dadyAt / vayasAM hi pitaraH pratimayA carantIti vijJAyate / bau0 10 sU0 (258314); na ca pazyata kAkAdIn pakSiNastu na vArayet / sabUpA pitarastatra samAyAnti bubhutsvH|| auzanasa; na cAtra zyenakAkAdIn pakSiNaH pratiSedhayet / tadrUpAH pitarastatra samAyAntIti vaidikam // devala (kalpatara, zrAddha, pR0 17) / 6. pADakAle tu satataM vAyubhUtAH pitaamhaaH| Avizanti dvijAn dRSTvA tasmAdetad bravImi te|| vastraraznaH pradAnastaMbhakSyapeyastathaiva ca / gobhirazvastathA grAmaH pUjayitvA dvijottamAn // bhavanti pitaraH prItAH pUjiteSu dvijAtiSu / tasmAvannena vidhivat pUjayed dvijasattamAn // vAyu0 (75 / 13-15); brAhmaNAMste samAyAnti pitaro hyantarikSagAH / vAyubhUtAzca tiSThanti bhuktvA yAnti parAM gatim // auzanasasmRti /

Page #207
1200 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa meM) deva ke rUpa meM ho, yA naraka meM ho (yAtanAoM ke loka meM ho), yA nimna pazuoM kI yoni meM ho, yA mAnava rUpa meM ho, sambandhiyoM dvArA zrAddha meM pradatta bhojana usake pAsa pahu~catA hai; jaba zrAddha sampAdita hotA hai to mRtAtmA evaM zrAddhakartA donoM ko teja yA sampatti ya brahmapurANa (22012) ke mata se zrAddha kA varNana pA~ca bhAgoM meM kiyA jAnA cAhie; kaise, kahA~, kaba, kisake dvArA evaM kina sAmagriyoM dvaaraa| kintu ina pA~ca prakAroM ke viSaya meM likhane ke pUrva hameM 'pitaraH' zabda kI antarnihita AdikAlIna vicAradhArA para prakAza DAla lenA caahie| hameM yaha dekhanA hai ki atyanta prAcIna kAla meM (jahA~ taka hameM sAhitya-prakAza mila pAtA hai) isa zabda ke viSaya meM kyA dRSTikoNa thA aura isakI kyA mahattA thii| 'pitR' kA artha hai 'pitA', kintu 'pitaraH' zabda do arthoM meM prayukta huA hai; (1) vyakti ke Age ke tIna mRta pUrvaja evaM (2) mAnava jAti ke Arambhika yA prAcIna pUrvaja jo eka pRthak loka ke adhivAsI ke rUpa meM kalpita haiN|' dUsare artha ke lie dekhie R0 (10 / 1412 evaM 7; 1015 / 2 evaM 9 / 97 / 39)- "vaha soma jo zaktimAn hotA calA jAtA hai aura dUsaroM ko zaktimAn banAtA hai, jo tAnanevAle se tAna diyA jAtA hai, jo dhArA meM bahatA hai, prakAzamAna (sUrya) dvArA jisane hamArI rakSA kI vahI soma, jisakI sahAyatA se hamAre pitara logoM ne sthAna (jahA~ gaue~ chipAkara rakhI huI thIM) ko evaM uccatara sthaloM ko jAnate hue gauoM ke lie parvata ko pIr3ita kiyaa|" Rgveda (10 / 15 / 1) meM pitRgaNa nimna, madhyama evaM ucca tIna zreNiyoM meM vyakta hue haiN| ve prAcIna, pazcAtkAlIna evaM uccatara kahe gaye haiM (R0 10 / 15 / 2) / ve sabhI agni ko jJAta haiM, yadyapi sabhI pitRgaNa apane vaMzajoM ko jJAta nahIM haiM (R0 10.15 / 13) / ve kaI zreNiyoM meM vibhakta haiM, yathA-aMgiras, vairUpa, atharvan, bhRgu, navagva evaM dazagva (R0 1011415-6); aMgiras loga yama se sambandhita haiM, donoM ko yajJa meM sAtha hI bulAyA jAtA hai (R0 10 / 14 / 3-5) / R0 (1162 / 2) meM aisA kahA gayA hai---"jisakI (indra kI) sahAyatA se hamAre prAcIna pitara aMgiras, jinhoMne usakI stuti-vandanA kI aura jo sthAna ko jAnate the, gauoM kA patA lagA ske|" aMgirasa pitara loga svayaM do bhAgoM meM vibhakta the; navagva evaM dazagva (R0 1162 / 4, 5 / 39 / 12 evaM 10 / 62 / 6) / kaI sthAnoM para pitara loga sapta RSiyoM jaise sambodhita kiye gaye haiM (R0 4 / 4218 evaM 6 / 22 / 2) aura kamI-kamI navagva evaM dazagva bhI sapta RSi kahe gaye haiM (R0 1162 / 4) / aMgiras loga agni (R0 10 // 62 / 5) evaM svarga (R0 4 / 2 / 15) ke putra kahe gaye haiN| pitR loga adhikatara devoM, vizeSataH yama ke sAtha Ananda manAte hue vyakta kiye gaye haiM (R0 776 / 4, 10 / 14 / 10 evaM 10 / 15 / 8-10) / ve somapremI hote haiM (R0 10 / 15 / 1 evaM 5, 9 / 97 / 39), ve kuza para baiThate haiM (R0 10 / 15 / 5), ve agni evaM indra 7. pitRlokagatazcAnaM zrAddhe bhuMkte svadhAsamam / pitRlokagatasyAsya tasmAcchAdaM prayacchata // devatve yAtanAsthAne tiryagyonau tathaiva ca / mAnuSye ca tathApnoti zrAddhaM dattaM svbaandhvH|| pretasya zrArakartuzca puSTiH zrAkhe kRte dhruvam / tasmAcchAvaM sadA kArya zokaM tyaktvA nirarthakam // viSNudharmasUtra (20134-36) aura dekhie mArkaNDeyapurANa (23 // 49-51) / 8. yaha dRSTikoNa yadi bhAropIya (iNDo-yUropiyana ) nahIM hai to kama-se-kama bhArata-pArasya (iNDo-IrAniyana) to hai hii| prAcIna pArasI zAstra vaziyoM (vazIsa aMgrejI bahuvacana) ke viSaya meM carcA karate haiM jo Arambhika rUpa meM prAcIna hindU pranyoM meM prayukta 'pita' yA prAcIna romakoM (romavAsiyoM) kA menasa' zabda hai| ve mRta logoM ke amara evaM adhiSThAtA devatA the| kramazaH 'jhavazI' kA artha vistRta ho gayA aura usameM devatA tathA pRthivI evaM AkAza jaisI vastue~ bhI sammilita ho gayIM, arthAt pratyeka meM phavazI pAyA jAne lgaa|

Page #208
pitaroM kA svarUpa aura varga 1201 ke sAtha AhutiyA~ lene Ate haiM (R0 10 / 15 / 10 evaM 10 / 16 / 12) aura agni unake pAsa AhutiyA~ le jAtA hai (R0 10 / 15 / 12) / jala jAne ke uparAnta mRtAtmA ko agni pitaroM ke pAsa le jAtA hai (R0 10116 / 1-2 evaM 5=atharvaveda 18 / 2 / 10; R0 10 // 173) / pazcAtkAlIna granthoM meM bhI, yathA mArkaNDeya (adhyAya 45) meM brahmA ko Arambha meM cAra prakAra kI zreNiyA~ utpanna karate hue vyakta kiyA gayA hai, yathA-deva, asura, pitara evaM mAnava praannii| aura dekhie brahmANDapurANa (prakriyA, adhyAya 8, upodghAta, adhyAya 9|10)-'ityete pitaro devA devAzca pitaraH punH| anyonyapitaro ote|' aisA mAnA gayA hai ki zarIra ke dAha ke uparAnta mRtAtmA ko vAyavya zarIra prApta hotA hai aura vaha manuSyoM ko ekatra karanevAle yama evaM pitaroM ke sAtha ho letA hai (R0 10 / 14 / 1 evaM 8, 10 / 15 / 14 evaM 10 / 16 / 5) / mRtAtmA pitRloka meM calA jAtA hai aura agni se prArthanA kI jAtI hai ki vaha use sat karma vAle pitaroM evaM viSNu ke pAda-nyAsa (vikrama) kI ora le jAya (R0 10 / 14 / 9, 10 / 15 / 3 evaM 10 / 16 / 4) / yadyapi R0 (10 / 6413) meM yama ko divi (svarga meM) nivAsa karane vAlA likhA gayA hai, kintu nirukta (10 / 18) ke mata se vaha madhyama loka meM rahanevAlA deva kahA gayA hai| atharvaveda (18 / 2 / 49) kA kathana hai-"hama zraddhApUrvaka pitA ke pitA evaM pitAmaha kI, jo bRhat madhyama loka meM rahate haiM aura jo pRthivI evaM svarga meM rahate haiM, pUjA kreN|" R0 (1 // 35 / 6) meM AyA hai-'tIna loka haiM; do (arthAt svarga evaM pRthivI) savitA kI goda meM haiM, eka (arthAt madhyama loka) yamaloka hai, jahA~ mRtAtmA ekatra hote haiN|' 'mahAn prakAzamAna (sUrya) udita ho gayA hai, (vaha) pitaroM kA dAna hai (R0 10 / 1071) / ' taittirIya brAhmaNa (1 / 3 / 10 / 5) meM aisA AyA hai ki pitara loga isase Age tIsare loka meM nivAsa karate haiN| isakA artha yaha hai ki bhUloka evaM antarikSa ke uparAnta pitRloka AtA hai| bRhadAraNyakopaniSad (1 / 5 / 16) meM manuSyoM, pitaroM evaM devoM ke tIna loka pRthak-pRthak varNita haiN| R0 (10 / 138 / 1-7) meM yama kucha minna bhASA meM ullikhita hai, vaha svayaM eka deva kahA gayA hai, na ki prathama manuSya jisane mArga banAyA (R0 10 // 1412), yA vaha manuSyoM ko ekatra karane vAlA hai (10 / 14 / 1) yA pitaroM kI saMgati meM rahatA hai| kucha sthaloM para vaha nissandeha rAjA kahA jAtA hai aura varuNa ke sAtha hI prazaMsita hai (R0 10 / 14 / 7) / kintu aisI sthiti bahuta hI kama varNita hai| isa viSaya meM adhika jAnakArI ke lie dekhie isa khaNDa kA adhyAya 6 / / pitaroM kI anya zreNiyA~ bhI haiM, yathA-pitaraH somavantaH, pitaraH barhiSadaH evaM pitaraH agniSvAttAH / antima do ke nAma R0 (10 / 15 / 4 evaM 11=tai0 saM0 2 / 6 / 12 / 2) meM Aye haiN| zatapathabrAhmaNa ne inakI paribhASA yoM kI hai-"jinhoMne eka somayajJa kiyA ve pitara somavantaH kahe gaye haiM; jinhoMne pakva AhutiyA~ (caru evaM puroDAza ke samAna) dI aura eka loka prApta kiyA ve pitara barhiSadaH kahe gaye haiM; jinhoMne ina donoM meM koI kRtya nahIM sampAdita kiyA aura jinheM jalAte samaya agni ne samApta kara diyA, unheM agniSvAttAH kahA gayA hai| kevala ye hI pitara haiN|" aura dekhie tai0 brA0 (1 / 6 / 9 / 5) evaM kAThakasaMhitA (9 / 6 / 17) / pazcAtkAlIna lekhakoM ne pitaroM kI zreNiyoM ke nAmoM ke arthoM meM parivartana kara diyA hai| udAharaNArtha, nAndIpurANa (hemAdri) meM AyA hai-brAhmaNoM ke pitara agnivAta, kSatriyoM ke barhiSada, vaizyoM ke kAvya, zUdroM ke sukAlinaH tathA mlecchoM evaM aspRzyoM ke vyAma haiM (milAie manu 3 / 197) / yahAM taka ki manu (3 / 193-198) ne bhI pitaroM kI kaI koTiyAM dI haiM, aura cAroM vargoM ke lie krama se somapAH, havirbhujaH, AjyapAH evaM sukAlinaH pitaroM ke nAma batalA diye haiN| Age calakara manu (3 / 199) ne kahA hai ki brAhmaNoM ke pitara anagnidagdha, agnidagdha, kAvya, barhiSad, agniSvAtta evaM saumya nAmoM se pukAre jAte haiN| ina nAmoM se patA calatA hai ki manu ne pitaroM kI koTiyoM ke viSaya meM katipaya paramparAoM ko mAnyatA dI hai| dekhie ina nAmoM evaM inakI paribhASA ke lie matsyapurANa (14114, 141 / 15-18) / zAtAtapasmRti (6 / 5-6) meM pitaroM kI 12

Page #209
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa 1202 koTiyoM yA vibhAgoM ke nAma Aye haiM, yathA--piNDabhAjaH (3), lepabhAja: (3), nAndImukha (3) evaM abhUmukha ( 3 ) 1 yaha pitR-vibhAjana do dRSTiyoM se huA hai| vAyu0 ( 72 / 1 evaM 73 6 ), brahmANDa 0 ( upodghAta 1953), padma0 (5 / 9 / 2-3), viSNudharmottara (11138 / 2-3) evaM anya purANoM meM pitaroM ke sAta prakAra Aye haiM, jinameM tIna amUrtimAn haiM aura cAra mUrtimAn; vahA~ unakA aura unakI saMtati kA vizada varNana huA hai| ina para hama vicAra nahIM kara rahe haiM / skandapurANa (6 / 216 / 9-10) ne pitaroM kI nau koTiyA~ dI haiM; agniSvAttAH, barhiSadaH, AjyapAH, somapAH, razmipAH, upahRtAH, AyantunaH, zrAddhabhujaH evaM nAndImukhAH / isa sUcI meM naye evaM purAne nAma sammilita haiN| bhAratIya loga bhAgoM, upavibhAgoM, vibhAjanoM Adi meM bar3I abhiruci pradarzita karate haiM aura sambhavataH yaha usI bhAvanA kA eka digdarzana hai| manu (3|201) ne kahA hai ki RSiyoM se pitaroM kI udbhUti huI, pitaroM se devoM evaM mAnavoM kI tathA devoM se sthAvara evaM jaMgama ke sampUrNa loka kI udbhUti huii| yaha draSTavya hai ki yahA~ devagaNa pitaroM se udbhUta mAne gaye haiM / yaha kevala pitaroM kI prazasti hai ( arthAt yaha eka arthavAda hai) / pitara loga devoM se bhinna the / R0 (10 / 53 / 4) ke 'paMcajanA mama hotraM juSadhvam' meM prayukta zabda 'paMcajanA : ' evaM anya vacanoM ke artha ke AdhAra para aitareya brAhmaNa ( 13 / 7 yA 3 | 31 ) ne vyAkhyA kI hai ki ve pA~ca koTiyA~ haiM apsarAoM ke sAtha gandharva, pitR, deva, sarpa evaM rAkSasa / nirukta ne isakA kucha aMzoM meM anusaraNa kiyA hai (38) aura apanI ora se bhI vyAkhyA kI hai / atharvaveda (10 / 6 / 32 ) meM deva, pitR evaM manuSya usI krama meM ullikhita haiN| prAcIna vaidika uktiyA~ evaM vyavahAra devoM evaM pitaroM meM spaSTa bhinnatA prakaTa karate haiM / tai0 saM0 (6| 1|1|1) meM AyA hai-- 'devoM evaM manuSyoM ne dizAoM ko bA~Ta liyA, devoM ne pUrva liyA, pitaroM ne dakSiNa, manuSyoM ne pazcima evaM rudroM ne uttara / ' sAmAnya niyama yaha hai ki devoM ke yajJa madhyAhna ke pUrva Arambha kiye jAte haiM aura pitRyajJa aparAhna meM (zAMkhAyanabrAhmaNa, 5 / 6) / zatapathabrAhmaNa (2 / 4 / 2 / 2 ) ne varNana kiyA hai ki pitara loga apane dAhine kaMdhe para ( aura bAyeM bAhu ke nIce ) yajJopavIta dhAraNa karake prajApati ke yahA~ pahu~ce, taba prajApati ne unase kahA - "tuma logoM ko bhojana pratyeka mAsa ( ke anta ) meM (amAvAsyA ko ) milegA, tumhArI svadhA vicAra kI tejI hogI evaM candra tumhArA prakAza hogA / " devoM se usane kahA- " yajJa tumhArA bhojana hogA evaM sUryaM tumhArA prakAza / " tai0 brA0 (1|3|10|4) ne, lagatA hai, una pitaroM meM jo devoM ke svabhAva evaM sthiti ke haiM evaM unameM, jo adhika yA kama mAnava ke samAna haiM, antara batAyA hai| kauzikasUtra (1 / 9-23) ne eka sthala para deva kRtyoM evaM pitR kRtyoM kI vidhi ke antara ko bar3e sundara DhaMga se diyA hai| deva kRtya karanevAlA yajJopavIta ko bAyeM kaMdhe evaM dAhine hAtha ke nIce rakhatA hai evaM pitR kRtya karanevAlA dAyeM kaMdhe evaM bAya hAtha ke nIce rakhatA hai: deva kRtya pUrva kI ora yA uttara kI ora mukha karake Arambha kiyA jAtA hai| kintu pitR-yajJa dakSiNAbhimukha hokara Arambha kiyA jAtA hai; deva kRtya kA uttara-pUrva ( yA uttara yA pUrva ) meM anta kiyA jAtA hai aura pitR kRtya dakSiNa-pazcima meM samApta kiyA jAtA hai; pitaroM ke lie eka kRtya eka hI bAra kiyA jAtA hai, kintu devoM ke lie kama-se-kama tIna bAra yA zAstrAnukUla kaI bAra kiyA jA sakatA hai; pradakSiNA karane meM dakSiNa bhAga devoM kI ora kiyA jAtA hai aura bAyA~ bhAga pitaroM ke viSaya meM kiyA jAtA hai; devoM ko havi yA AhutiyA~ dete samaya 'svAhA' evaM ' vaSaT' zabda uccArita hote haiM, kintu pitaroM ke lie isa viSaya meM 'svadhA' yA 'namaskAra' zabda uccArita hote haiM; pitaroM ke lie darma jar3a se ukhAr3akara prayukta hote haiM kintu devoM ke lie jar3a ke Upara kATakara / baughA0 zrI0 (2/2) ne eka sthala para inameM se kucha kA varNana kiyA hai|' svayaM R0 (10114 | 3 'svAhayAnye svadhayAnye madanti' ) 9. prAgapavargASNudagapavargANi vA prAGmukhaH pradakSiNaM yajJopavItI devAni karmANi karoti / dakSiNAmukhaH prasavyaM prAcInAvItI pitryANi / bau0 zrau0 (22) /

Page #210
pitaroM aura devoM kA antara 1203 ne devoM evaM pitaroM ke lie aise zabdAntara ko vyakta kiyA hai| zatapathabrAhmaNa (2|1|3|4 evaM 2 / 1 / 419 ) ne devoM ko amara evaM pitaroM ko mara kahA hai / yadyapi deva evaM pitara pRthak koTiyoM meM rakhe gaye haiM, tathApi pitara loga devoM kI kucha vizeSatAoM ko apane meM rakhate haiM / R0 (10 / 15 / 8) ne kahA hai ki pitara soma pIte haiN| R0 (10/68 / 11) meM aisA kahA gayA hai ki pitaroM ne AkAza ko nakSatroM se suzobhita kiyA ( nakSatrebhiH pitaro dyAmapiMzan ) aura aMdhakAra rAtri meM evaM prakAza dina meM rakhA / pitaroM ko gupta prakAza prApta karane vAle kahA gayA hai aura unheM 'uSA' ko utpanna karane vAle dyotita kiyA gayA hai (R0 776 / 3) / yahA~ pitaroM ko uccatama devoM kI zaktiyoM se samanvita mAnA gayA hai| bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke varadAnoM kI prApti ke lie pitaroM ko zraddhApUrvaka bulAyA gayA hai aura unakA anugraha kaI prakAra se prApya kahA gayA hai| R0 (10/14/6 ) meM pitaroM se sumati evaM saumanasa (anugraha ) prApta karane kI bAta kahI gayI hai| unase kaSTarahita Ananda dene ( R0 10 / 15 / 4) evaM yajamAna ( yajJakartA) ko evaM usake putra ko sampatti dene ke lie prArthanA kI gayI hai (R0 10 / 15 / 7 evaM 11 ) / R0 (10 / 15 / 11 ) evaM atharva 0 ( 18 | 3 | 14 ) ne sampatti evaM zUra putra dene ko kahA hai| atharva 0 (14|2|73) ne kahA hai- ' ve pitara jo vadhU ko dekhane ke lie ekatra hote haiM use santatiyukta Ananda deM / ' vAjasaneyI saMhitA (2133 ) meM prasiddha mantra yaha hai - "he pitaro, ( isa patnI ke ) garbha meM ( Age calakara ) kamaloM kI mAlA pahanane vAlA baccA rakho, jisase vaha kumAra (pUrNa vikasita) ho jAya", jo usa samaya kahA jAtA hai jaba ki zrAddhakartA kI patnI tIna piNDoM meM bIca kA piNDa khA letI hai|" ina zabdoM se yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki pitaroM ke prati logoM meM bhaya-tattva kA sarvathA abhAva thA / " udAharaNArtha R0 (10 / 15 / 6 ) meM AyA hai - " ( truTi karanevAle) manuSya hone ke nAte yadi hama Apa ke prati koI aparAdha kareM to hameM usake lie daNDita na kreN|" R0 (3 / 55/2 ) meM hama par3hate haiM-"ve deva evaM prAcIna pitara, jo isa sthala (gauoM yA mArga) ko jAnate haiM, hameM yahA~ hAni na phuNcaayeN|" R0 (10 / 66 / 14) meM aisA AyA hai - " vasiSThoM ne devoM kI stuti karate hue pitaroM evaM RSiyoM ke sadRza vANI ( mantra ) parimArjita kI yA gddh'ii|" yahA~ 'pitR' evaM 'RSi' do pRthak koTiyA~ haiM aura vasiSThoM kI tulanA donoM se kI gayI hai / " 10. Adhatta pitaro garbhaM kumAraM puSkarasrajam / yatheha puruSo'sat // vAja0 saM0 (2033) / khAdiragRhya 0 ( 3 / 5 / 30) ne vyavasthA dI hai--' madhyamaM piNDaM putrakAmA prAzayedAdhatteti'; aura dekhie gobhilagRhya (4 / 3 / 27) evaM kauzikasUtra ( 89 / 6 ) / Azva0 zrI0 (2 / 7 / 13) meM AyA hai - 'patnIM prAzayedAdhatta pitaro trajam / ' azvinI ko puSkarAja kahA gayA hai, ataH 'puSkarasraja' zabda meM bhAvanA yaha hai ki putra lambI Ayu vAlA evaM sundara ho / 'yatheha ... asat' ko isa prakAra vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai--' yena prakAreNa ihaiva kSitau puruSo devapitRmanuSyANAmabhISTapUrayitA bhUyAt tathA garbhamAdhatta / ' dekhie halAyudha kA brAhmaNasarvasva / kAtyAyanazra0 (4 / 1 / 22 ) ne bhI kahA hai- 'Adhatteti madhyamapiNDaM patnI prAznAti putrakAmA / ' 11. milAie buliyAmIkRta 'immaoNrTala maina ' (10 24-25), jahA~ Adima avasthA evaM susaMskRta kAla ke logoM ke mRtaka sambandhI bhaya-sneha ke bhAvoM ke viSaya meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai| 12. devAH saumyAzca kAvyAzca ayajvAno yonijAH / devAste pitaraH sarve devAstAnvAdayantyuta // manuSyapitarazcaiva tebhyo'nye laukikAH smRtAH / pitA pitAmahazcaiva tathA yaH prapitAmahaH // brahmANDapurANa (2 / 28170-71 ) ; aMgirAzca RtuzcaiSa kazyapazca mahAnRSiH / ete kurukulazreSTha mahAyogezvarAH smRtAH // ete ca pitaro rAjanneva zrAddha vidhiH paraH / pretAstu piNDasambandhAnmucyante tena karmaNA // anuzAsanaparva ( 92 / 21-22 ) / isa uddharaNa se prakaTa hotA hai ki aMgirA Rtu evaM kazyapa pitara haiM, jinheM jala diyA jAtA hai (piNDa nahIM), kintu apane samIpavartI mRta pUrvajoM ko piNDa diye jAte haiN| 79

Page #211
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa vaidika sAhitya kI bahuta sI uktiyoM meM 'pitaraH' zabda vyakti ke samIpavartI, mRta puruSa pUrvajoM ke lie prayukta huA hai / 'ataH tIna pIr3hiyoM taka ve (pUrvajoM ko) nAma se viziSTa rUpa se vyaMjita karate haiM, kyoMki aise bahuta-se pitara haiN| jinheM Ahuti dI jAtI haiM' ( tai0 nA0 1/6/9/5) / zatapathabrAhmaNa ( 2|4|2| 19 ) ne pitA, pitAmaha evaM prapitAmaha ko puroDAza (roTI) dete samaya ke sUktoM kA ullekha kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki kartA ina zabdoM ko kahatA hai- "he pitara loga, yahA~ Akara Ananda lo, bailoM ke samAna apane-apane bhAga para svayaM Ao" (vAja0 saM0 2 / 31, prathama pAda) / kucha ( tai0 saM0 1/8/5/1) ne yaha sUkta diyA hai-- "yaha ( bhAta kA piNDa ) tumhAre lie aura unake lie hai jo tumhAre pIche Ate haiM / " kintu zatapathabrAhmaNa ne dRDhatApUrvaka kahA hai ki yaha sUkta nahIM kahanA cAhie, pratyuta yaha vidhi apanAnI cAhie - " yahA~ yaha tumhAre lie hai / " zata0 brA0 ( 12 / 8 / 1 / 7) meM tIna pUrva puruSoM ko svadhApremI kahA gayA hai| ina vaidika uktiyoM evaM manu ( 3 / 221) tathA viSNu0 (21 / 3 evaM 75/4 ) kI isa vyavasthA para ki nAma evaM gotra bolakara hI pitaroM kA AhvAna karanA cAhie, nirbhara rahate hue zrAddhaprakAza ( pR0 13 ) ne niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki pitA evaM anya pUrvajoM ko hI zrAddha kA devatA kahA jAtA hai, na ki vasu, rudra evaM Aditya ko, kyoMki inake gotra nahIM hote aura pitA Adi vasu, rudra evaM Aditya ke rUpa meM kevala dhyAna ke lie varNita haiN| zrAddhaprakAza ( pR0 204) brahmapurANa ke isa jo yaha vyavasthA detA hai ki kartA ko brAhmaNoM se yaha kahanA cAhie ki maiM kRtyoM ke lie pitaroM ko bulAUMgA aura jaba brAhmaNa aisI anumati de dete haiM to use vaisA karanA cAhie ( arthAt pitaroM kA AhvAna karanA cAhie), yaha nirdeza detA hai ki yahA~ pitaroM kA tAtparya hai devoM se, arthAt vasuoM, rudroM evaM AdityoM se tathA mAnavoM se, yathA-kartA ke pitA tathA anyoM se / vAyu0 (56 65-66 ), brahmANDa0 evaM anuzAsana parva ne uparyukta pitaroM evaM laukika pitaroM (pitA, pitAmaha evaM prapitAmaha) meM antara darzAyA hai| dekhie vAyu0 (70234), jahA~ pitara loga devatA kahe gaye haiM / kathana para, 1204 vaidika sAhitya ke uparAnta kI racanA meM, vizeSataH purANoM meM pitaroM ke mUla evaM prakAroM ke viSaya meM vizada varNana milatA hai / udAharaNArtha, vAyupurANa ( 56 / 18 ) ne pitaroM kI tIna koTiyA~ batAyI haiM; kAvya, barhiSada evaM agniSvAtta / punaH vAyu0 (adhyAya 73) ne tathA varAha0 ( 13 / 16), padma0 ( sRSTi 9 / 2-4 ) evaM brahmANDa (3|10| 1) ne sAta prakAra ke pitaroM ke mUla para prakAza DAlA hai, jo svarga meM rahate haiM, jinameM cAra to mUrtimAn haiM aura tIna amUrtimAn / zAtAtapasmRti (6 / 5 / 6) ne 12 pitaroM ke nAma diye haiM; piNDabhAjaH, lepabhAjaH, nAndImukhAH evaM azrumukhAH / sthAnAbhAva se hama ina para vivecana nahIM kareMge / sUtrakAla (lagabhaga I0 pU0 600 ) se lekara madhyakAla ke dharmazAstrakAroM taka sabhI logoM ne zrAddha kI mahattA evaM usase utpanna kalyANa kI prazaMsA ke pula bA~dha diye haiN| Apastambadharma0 (2 / 7 / 16 / 1-3) ne adholikhita sUcanA dI hai - " purAne kAla meM manuSya evaM deva isI loka meM rahate the / deva loga yajJoM ke kAraNa ( puraskArasvarUpa) svarga cale gaye / kintu manuSya raha gaye / jo manuSya devoM ke samAna yajJa karate haiM ve paraloka (svarga) meM devoM evaM brahmA ke sAtha nivAsa karate haiN| taba ( manuSyoM ko pIche rahate dekhakara) manu ne usa kRtya kA Arambha kiyA jise zrAddha kI saMjJA milI hai jo mAnava jAti ko zreya ( mukti yA Ananda ) kI ora le jAtA hai / isa kRtya meM pitara loga devatA ( adhiSThAtA) haiM, kintu brAhmaNa loga (jinheM bhojana diyA jAtA hai) AhavanIya agni (jisameM yajJoM ke samaya AhutiyA~ dI jAtI haiM) ke sthAna para mAne jAte haiM / " isa antima sUtra ke kAraNa haradatta ( Apa0 gha0 sU0 ke TIkAkAra) evaM anya logoM kA kathana hai ki zrAddha meM brAhmaNoM ko khilAnA pramukha kRtya hai / brahmANDapurANa ( upodghAtapAda 9 / 15 evaM 10 / 99 ) ne manu ko zrAddha ke kRtyoM kA pravartaka evaM viSNupurANa (3|1|30 ), vAyu0 (44 | 38 ) evaM bhAgavata 0 ( 3 / 1 / 22 ) ne zrAddhadeva kahA hai / isI prakAra zAntiparva ( 345 / 14 - 21 ) evaM viSNudharmottara 0 ( 1 / 139 / 14-16) meM AyA hai ki zrAddha-prathA kA

Page #212
zrAddha karma ke pracalana kI prAcInatA 1205 saMsthApana viSNu ke varAhAvatAra ke samaya huA aura viSNu ko pitA pitAmaha evaM prapitAmaha ko diye gaye tIna piNDoM meM avasthita mAnanA caahie| isase aura Apa0 gha0 sU0 ke vacana se aisA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki IsA kI kaI zatAbdiyoM pUrva zrAddha-prathA kA pratiSThApana ho cukA thA aura yaha mAnavajAti ke pitA manu ke samAna hI prAcIna hai| (R0 8 63 / 1 evaM 8|30|3) / kintu yaha jJAtavya hai ki 'zrAddha' zabda kisI bhI prAcIna vaidika vacana meM nahIM pAyA jAtA, yadyapi piNDapitRyajJa (jo AhitAgni dvArA pratyeka mAsa kI amAvasyA ko sampAdita hotA thA) 13, mahApitRyajJa ( cAturmAsya yA sAkamegha meM sampAdita) evaM aSTakA Arambhika vaidika sAhitya meM jJAta the / kaThopaniSad (1 / 3 / 17 ) meM 'zrAddha' zabda AyA hai; 'jo bhI koI isa atyanta viziSTa siddhAnta ko brAhmaNoM kI sabhA meM yA zrAddha ke samaya udghoSita karatA hai vaha amaratA prApta karatA hai|' 'zrAddha' zabda ke anya Arambhika prayoga sUtra sAhitya meM prApta hote haiM / atyanta tarkazIla evaM sambhava anumAna yahI nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki pitaroM se sambandhita bahuta hI kama kRtya una dinoM kiye jAte the, ataH kisI viziSTa nAma kI AvazyakatA prAcIna kAla meM nahIM samajhI gyii| kintu pitaroM ke sammAna meM kiye gaye kRtyoM kI saMkhyA meM jaba adhikatA huI to 'zrAddha' zabda kI utpatti huI / zrAddha kI prazastiyoM ke kucha udAharaNa yahA~ diye jA rahe haiM / bau0 gha0 sU0 (2/811 ) kA kathana hai ki pitaroM ke kRtyoM se dIrghaM Ayu, svarga, yaza evaM puSTikarma (samRddhi) kI prApti hotI hai / harivaMza (1 / 21 / 1 ) meM AyA haizrAddha se yaha loka pratiSThita hai aura isase yoga (mokSa) kA udaya hotA hai| sumantu (smRtica0, zrAddha, pR0 333 ) kA kathana hai-zrAddha se bar3hakara zreyaskara kucha nahIM hai|" vAyupurANa (3 | 14|1-4) kA kathana hai ki yadi koI zraddhApUrvaka zrAddha karatA hai to vaha brahmA, indra, rudra evaM anya devoM, RSiyoM, pakSiyoM, mAnavoM, pazuoM, reMgane vAle jIvoM evaM pitaroM ke samudAya tathA una sabhI ko jo jIva kahe jAte haiM evaM sampUrNa vizva ko prasanna karatA hai| yama ne kahA hai ki pitRpUjana se Ayu, putra, yaza, svarga, kIrti, puSTi ( samRddhi), bala, zrI, pazu, saukhya, dhana, dhAnya kI prApti hotI hai / " aura dekhie (1 / 270 ) / zrAddhasAra ( pR0 6) evaM zrAddhaprakAza ( pR0 11-12) dvArA uddhRta viSNudharmottara meM aisA kahA gayA hai ki prapitAmaha ko diyA gayA piNDa svayaM vAsudeva ghoSita hai, pitAmaha ko diyA gayA saMkarSaNa tathA pitA ko diyA gayA pradyumna ghoSita hai aura piNDakartA svayaM aniruddha kahalAtA hai / zAntiparva ( 345 / 21 ) meM kahA gayA hai ki viSNu ko tInoM piNDoM meM avasthita samajhanA caahie| kUrmapurANa meM AyA hai ki "amAvasyA ke dina pitara loga vAyavya rUpa dhAraNa kara apane purAne nivAsa ke dvAra para Ate haiM aura dekhate haiM ki unake kula ke logoM dvArA zrAddha kiyA jAtA hai ki nhiiN| aisA ve sUryAsta taka dekhate haiN| jaba sUryAsta ho jAtA hai, ve bhUkha evaM pyAsa se vyAkula ho nirAza ho jAte haiM, cintita ho yAjJa0 13. 'piNDapitRyajJa' zrAddha hI hai, jaisA ki gobhilagRhya0 (4|4|1-2 ) meM AyA hai-- 'anvaSTakyasthAlIpAkena piNDapitRyajJo vyAkhyAtaH / amAvAsyAM tacchrAddhamitaravanvAhAryam / ' aura dekhie zra0 pra0 (104) / piNDapitRyajJa evaM mahApitRyajJa ke lie dekhie isa grantha kA laNDa 2 adhyAya 30 evaM 31 / 14. pitryamAyuSyaM svagyaM yazasyaM puSTikarma ca / bau0 60 sU0 (228|1) / zrAddhe pratiSThito lokaH zrAddhaM yogaH ' pravartate // harivaMza (1 / 21 / 1) / zrAddhAtparataraM nAnyacchreyaskaramudAhRtam / tasmAtsarvaprayatnena zrAddhaM kuryAdvicakSaNaH // sumantu (smRti0, bhAddha, 333) / 15. AyuH putrAn yaza: svarga kIrti puSTiM balaM zriyaH / pazUn saulyaM dhanaM dhAnyaM prApnuyAt pitRpUjanAt // yama (smRtica0, Addha, pR0 333 evaM zrAddhasAra 50 5) / aisA hI zloka yAza0 (1 / 270, mArkaNDeyapurANa 32038) evaM zaMkha (14133 ) meM bhI hai|

Page #213
1206 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa jAte haiM, bahuta dera taka dIrgha zvAsa chor3ate haiM aura anta meM apane vaMzajoM ko kosate (unakI bhartsanA karate hue cale jAte haiN| jo loga amAvasyA ko jala yA zAka-bhAjI se bhI zrAddha nahIM karate unake pitara loga unheM abhizApita kara cale jAte haiN|" 'zrAddha' zabda kI vyutpatti para bhI kucha likha denA Avazyaka hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki yaha zabda 'zraddhA' se banA hai| brahmapurANa (uparyukta uddhRta), marIci evaM bRhaspati kI paribhASAoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki zrAddha evaM zraddhA meM ghaniSTha sambandha hai| zrAddha meM zrAddhakartA kA yaha aTala vizvAsa rahatA hai ki mRta yA pitaroM ke kalyANa ke lie brAhmaNoM ko jo kucha diyA jAtA hai vaha use yA unheM kisI prakAra avazya milatA hai| skandapurANa (6 / 21813) kA kathana hai ki 'zrAddha' nAma isalie par3A hai ki usa kRtya meM zraddhA mUla (mUla srota) hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki isameM na kevala vizvAsa hai, pratyuta eka aTala dhAraNA hai ki vyakti ko yaha karanA hI hai| R0 (10 / 15141-5) meM zraddhA ko devatva diyA gayA hai aura vaha devatA ke samAna sambodhita hai| aura dekhie R0 (2 / 26 / 3; 7 / 32 // 14; 811 / 31 evaM 9 / 113 / 4) / kucha sthaloM para zraddhA zabda ke do bhAga (zrat evaM dhA) binA kisI artha-parivartana ke pRthak-pRthak rakhe gaye haiN| dekhie R0 (2 / 12 / 5), atharvaveda (2013415) evaM R0 (10|147|1-shrtte dadhAmi prathamAya mnyve)| tai0 saM0 (7 / 4 / 1 / 1) meM AyA hai-"bRhaspati ne icchA prakaTa kI; deva mujhameM vizvAsa (zraddhA) rakheM, maiM unake purohita kA pada prApta kruuN|" aura dekhie R0 (1 / 103 / 5) / nirukta (3 / 10) meM 'zrat' evaM 'zraddhA' ko 'satya' ke artha meM vyakta kiyA gayA hai| vAja0 saM0 (19 / 77) meM kahA gayA hai ki prajApati ne 'zraddhA' ko satya meM aura 'azraddhA' ko jhUTha meM rakha diyA hai, aura vAja0 saM0 (19 / 30) meM kahA gayA hai ki satya kI prApti zraddhA se hotI hai| vaidikottarakAlIna sAhitya meM pANini (5 / 2 / 85) ne 'zrAddhin' evaM 'zrAddhika' ko 'vaha jisane zrAddha-bhojana kara liyA ho' ke artha meM nizcita kiyA hai| 'zrAddha' zabda 'zraddhA' se nikAlA jA sakatA hai (pA0 5 / 11109) / yogasUtra (220) ke bhASya meM 'zraddhA' zabda kaI prakAra se paribhASita hai-'zraddhA cetasaH saMprasAdaH / sA hi jananIva kalyANI yoginaM pAti', arthAt zraddhA ko mana kA prasAda yA akSobha (sthairya) kahA gayA hai| devala ne zraddhA kI paribhASA yoM kI hai-'pratyayo dharmakAryeSu tathA shrddhetyudaahRtaa| nAsti hyazraddhadhAnasya dharmakRtye prayojanam // ' (kRtyaratnAkara, pR0 16 evaM zrAddhatattva, pR0 189) arthAt dhArmika kRtyoM meM jo pratyaya (yA vizvAsa) hotA hai vahI zraddhA hai, jise pratyaya nahIM hai use dhArmika karma karane kA prayojana nahIM hai| kAtyAyana ke zrAddhasUtra (hemAdri, pR0 152) meM vyavasthA hai'zraddhAyukta vyakti zAka se bhI zrAddha kare (bhale hI usake pAsa anya bhojya padArtha na ho)|' aura dekhie manu (3 / 275) jahA~ pitaroM kI saMtuSTi ke lie zrAddha para bala diyA gayA hai| mArkaNDeya0 (29 / 27) meM zrAddha kA sambandha zraddhA se dyotita kiyA gayA hai aura kahA gayA hai ki zrAddha meM jo kucha diyA jAtA hai vaha pitaroM dvArA prayakta honevAle usa bhojana meM parivartita ho jAtA hai jise ve karma evaM punarjanma ke siddhAnta ke anusAra naye zarIra ke rUpa meM pAte haiN| isa purANa meM yaha bhI AyA hai ki anucita evaM anyAyapUrNa DhaMga se prApta dhana se jo zrAddha kiyA jAtA hai vaha cANDAla, pukkasa tathA anya nIca yoniyoM meM utpanna logoM kI santuSTi kA sAdhana hotA hai| 16. zraddhayA parayA dattaM pitRmAM nAmagotrataH / yadAhArAstu te jAtAstavAhArasvameti tat // mArkaNDeya purANa (29 / 27); anyAyopAjita rathairyacchrAddhaM kriyate nraiH| tRpyante tena cANDAlapukkasAdhAsu yoniSu ||maarknnddey0 (28 / 16) evaM skanda0 (712205 / 22) /

Page #214
zrAddha ke prAcIna rUpa piNDapitRyajJa, aSTakA - 1207 hamane Upara likha diyA hai ki ati prAcIna kAla meM mRta pUrvajoM ke lie kevala tIna kRtya kiye jAte the; (1) piNDapitRyajJa ( unake dvArA kiyA gayA jo zrautAgniyoM meM yajJa karate the) yA mAsika zrAddha ( unake dvArA jo zrotAgniyoM meM yajJa nahIM karate the; dekhie Azva0 gR0 2/5110, hiraNyakezigR0 2 / 10 / 17, Apa0 gR0 8|21|1, viSNupurANa 3 / 14 / 3, Adi), (2) mahApitRyajJa evaM (3) aSTakAzrAddha / prathama do kA varNana isa grantha ke khaNDa 2, adhyAya 30 evaM 31 meM ho cukA hai / aSTakA zrAddhoM ke viSaya meM abhI taka kucha nahIM batAyA gayA hai| inakA viziSTa mahattva haiM, kintu inake sampAdana ke dinoM evaM mAsoM, adhiSThAtA devoM, AhutiyoM evaM vidhi ke viSaya meM lekhakoM meM mataikya nahIM hai / gautama 0 ( 8 / 19 ) ne aSTakA ko sAta pAkayajJoM evaM cAlIsa saMskAroM meM parigaNita kiyA hai / lagatA hai, 'aSTakA' pUrNimA ke pazcAt kisI mAsa kI aSTamI tithi kA dyotaka hai ( za0 brA0 6 |4| 2|40 ) / za0 brA0 (61222 / 23) meM AyA hai - 'pUrNimA ke pazcAt AThaveM dina vaha (agnicayanakartA ) agni-sthAna ( culli yA cullI, cUlhI yA cUlhe) ke lie sAmagrI ekatra karatA hai, kyoMki prajApati ke lie (pUrNimA ke pazcAt ) aSTamI pavitra hai aura prajApati ke lie yaha kRtya pavitra hai / ' jaimini0 (11312 ) ke bhASya meM zabara ne atharvaveda ( 3 / 10 / 2) evaM Apa0 mantra - pATha (2027) meM Aye hue mantra ko aSTakA kA dyotaka mAnA hai / mantra yaha hai - 'vaha (aSTakA) rAtri hamAre lie sumaMgala ho, jisakA loga kisI kI ora AtI huI gau ke samAna svAgata karate haiM aura jo varSa kI patnI hai|" atharvaveda (3:1018) meM saMvatsara ko ekASTakA kA pati kahA gayA hai / tai0 saM0 (7 / 48 / 1) meM AyA hai ki 'jo loga saMvatsara satra ke lie dIkSA lenevAle haiM unheM ekASTakA ke dina dIkSA lenI cAhie, jo ekASTakA kahalAtI hai vaha varSa kI patnI hai|' jaimini0 (6 / 5 / 32-37 ) ne ekASTakA ko mAgha kI pUrNimA ke pazcAt kI aSTamI kahA hai| Apa0 gR0 ( haradatta, gautama 0 8 / 19 ) ne bhI yahI kahA hai, kintu itanA jor3a diyA hai ki usa tithi (aSTamI ) meM candra jyeSThA nakSatra meM hotA hai|" isakA artha yaha huA ki yadi aSTamI do dinoM kI ho gayI to vaha dina jaba candra jyeSThA meM hai, ekASTakA kahalAyegA / hiraNya0 gR0 (2 / 15 / 9 ) ne bhI ekASTakA ko varSa kI patnI kahA hai| " Arava gR0 (2|4|1) ke mata se aSTakA ke dina ( arthAt kRtya ) cAra the; hemanta evaM zizira (arthAt mArgazIrSa, pauSa, mAgha evaM phAlguna) kI do RtuoM ke cAra mAsoM ke kRSNa pakSoM kI AThavIM tithiyA~ / adhikAMza meM sabhI gRhasUtra, yathA- mAnavagR0 (218), zAMkhA0 gR0 ( 3 / 12 / 1), khAdiragR0 ( 3 / 2 / 27), kAThakagR0 (61 / 1), 0 (3151 ) evaM pAra0 gR0 ( 33 ) kahate haiM ki kevala tIna hI aSTakA kRtya hote haiM; mArgazIrSa (Aya 17. aSTakAliMgAzca mantrA veve dRzyante yAM janAH pratinanvatItyevamAdayaH / zabara (jaimini0 1 / 3 / 2 ) / zabara ise jaimini0 (6/5/35) meM isa prakAra par3hA hai- 'yAM janAH pratinandanti rAtriM dhenumivAyatIm / saMvatsarasya yA patnI sA no astu sumaMgalI // ' aura unhoMne jor3a diyA hai-- 'aSTakArya surAdhase svAhA' / atharvaveda ( 3 / 10 / 2) meM 'janAH' ke sthAna para 'devA' evaM 'dhenumivAyatIm' ke sthAna para dhenumupAyatIm AyA hai| 18. pANini ( 7 3245) ke eka vArtika ke anusAra 'aSTakA' zabda 'aSTan' se banA hai| pA0 (7 / 3 / 45) kA 9vA~ vArtika hameM batAtA hai ki 'aSTan' se 'aSTakA' vyutpanna hai jisakA artha hai vaha kRtya jisake adhiSThAtA devatA pitara loga haiM, aura 'aSTikA' zabda kA artha kucha aura hai, yathA 'aSTikA khArI' / 19. mAgha kI pUrNimA varSa kA mukha kahalAtI hai, arthAt prAcIna kAla meM usI se varSa kA Arambha mAnA jAtA thaa| pUrNimA ke pazcAt aSTakA dina pUrNimA ke uparAnta kA prathama evaM atyanta mahatvapUrNa parva thA aura yaha varSArambha ( varSa Arambha hone) se choTA mAnA jAtA thA / sambhavataH isI kAraNa yaha varSa kI patnI kahA gayA hai|

Page #215
1208 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa hAyaNa) kI pUrNimA ke pazcAt AThavIM tithi (jise AgrahAyaNI kahA jAtA thA); arthAt mArgazIrSa, pauSa (taiSa) evaM mAgha ke kRSNa pakSoM meN| gomilagR0 (3 / 10 / 48) ne likhA hai ki kautsa ke mata se aSTakAe~ cAra haiM aura sabhI meM mAMsa diyA jAtA hai, kintu gautama, audgAhamAni evaM vArkakhaNDi ne kevala tIna kI vyavasthA dI hai| bau0 gR0 (2 / 11 / 1) ke mata se taiSa, mAgha evaM phAlguna meM tIna aSTakAhoma kiye jAte haiN| Azva0 gR0 (2142) ne eka vikalpa diyA hai ki aSTakA kRtya kevala eka aSTamI (tIna yA cAra nahIM) ko bhI sampAdita kiye jA sakate haiN| bau0 gR0 (2 / 11 / 1-4) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki yaha kRtya mAgha mAsa ke kRSNa pakSa kI tIna tithiyoM (7vIM, 8vIM evaM 9vIM) ko yA kevala eka dina (mAgha kRSNapakSa kI aSTamI) ko bhI saMpAdita ho sakatA hai| hiraNya0 gR0 (2 / 1412) ne kevala eka aSTakA kRtya kI, arthAt mAgha ke kRSNa pakSa meM ekASTakA kI vyavasthA dI hai| bhAradvAja gR0 (2 / 15) ne bhI ekASTakA kA ullekha kiyA hai kintu yaha jor3a diyA hai ki mAgha kRSNa pakSa kI aSTamI ko, jaba ki candra jyeSThA meM rahatA hai, ekASTakA kahA jAtA hai| hiraNya0 gR0 (2 / 14 evaM 15) ke mata se aSTakA tIna dinoM taka, arthAt 8vIM, 9vIM (jisa dina pitaroM ke lie gAya kI bali hotI thI) evaM 10vIM (jise anvaSTakA kahA jAtA thA) taka calatI hai| vaikhAnasasmArtasUtra (48) kA kathana hai ki aSTakA kA sampAdana mAgha yA bhAdrapada (Azvina) ke kRSNa pakSa kI 7vIM, 8vIM yA 9vIM tithiyoM meM hotA hai| ___AhutiyoM ke viSaya meM bhI mata-matAntara haiN| kATha0 gR0 (61 / 3), jaimi0 gR0 (2 / 3) evaM zAMkhA0 gR0 (3 / 12 / 2) ne kahA hai ki tIna vibhinna aSTakAoM meM siddha (pake hue) zAka, mAMsa evaM apUpa (pUA yA roTI) kI AhutiyAM dI jAtI haiM, kintu pAra gR0 (3 // 3) evaM khAdiragR0 (3 / 3 / 29-30) ne prathama aSTakA ke lie apUpoM (pUoM) kI (isI se gobhilagR0 3 / 10 / 9 ne ise apUpASTakA kahA hai) evaM antima ke lie siddha zAkoM kI vyavasthA dI hai| khAdiragR0 (3 / 4 / 1) ke mata se gAya kI bali hotI hai| Azva0 gR0 (2 / 4 / 7-10), gobhilagR0 (4 / 1 / 18-22), kauzika (138 / 2) evaM bau0 gR0 (2 / 11 / 51161) ke mata se isake kaI vikalpa bhI haiM-gAya yA bher3a yA bakare kI bali denA; sulama jaMgalI mAMsa yA madhu-tila yukta mAMsa yA geMDA, hirana, bhaiMsA, sUara, zazaka, cittI vAle hirana, rohita hirana, kabUtara (yA tItara), sAraMga evaM anya pakSiyoM kA mAMsa yA kisI bUr3he lAla bakare kA mAMsa; machaliyAM ; dUdha meM pakA huA cAvala (lapasI ke samAna), yA binA pake hue anna yA phala yA mUla, yA sonA bhI diyA jA sakatA hai, athavA gAyoM yA sAMr3oM ke lie kevala ghAsa khilAyI jA sakatI hai, yA vana meM kevala jhAr3iyA~ jalAyI jA sakatI haiM yA vedajJa ko pAnI rakhane ke lie ghar3e diye jA sakate haiM, yA 'yaha maiM aSTakA saMpAdana karatA hU~' aisA kahakara zrAddhasambandhI mantroM kA uccAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| kintu aSTakA ke kRtya ko kisI-na-kisI prakAra avazya karanA caahie| 20. atha yadi gAM na labhate meSamajaM vaalbhte| AraNyena vA mAMsena yathopapannena / khaDgamagamahiSameSavarAhapRSatazazarohitazAGgatittirikapotakapijalavAoNasAnAmabhayyaM tilmssusNsRssttm| tathA matsyasya zatavalaH (?) kSIrodanena vA sUpodanena vaa| yadvA bhavatyAma, mUlaphalaiH pradAnamAtram / hiraNyena vA pradAnamAtram / api vA gogrAsamAharet / api vAnUcAnemya udakumbhAnAharet / api vAghAMkhamantrAnadhIyIta / api vAraNyegninA kakSamupoSedeSA me'STaketi / na tvevAnaSTakaH syAt / bau0 gR0 (2 / 11 / 51-61); aSTakAyAmaSTakAhomA huyAt / tasyA havIMSi dhAnAH karambhaH zakulyaH puroDAza udaudanaH kSIrodanastilaudano ypoppaadipshH| kauzikasUtra (168-1-2) / vAdhrINasa ke artha ke viSaya meM Age likhA jaaygaa|

Page #216
aSTakA kA kAla evaM svarUpa 1209 yaha jJAtavya hai ki yadyapi uparyukta uddhRta vArtika evaM kAThakagR0 (6111) kA kathana hai ki 'aSTakA' zabda usa kRtya ke lie prayukta hotA hai jisameM pitara loga devatAoM (adhiSThAtAoM) ke rUpa meM pUjita hote haiM, kintu aSTakA ke devatA ke viSaya meM mata-matAntara haiN| Azva0 gR0 (2 / 4 / 3 evaM 2 / 5 / 3-5) meM AyA hai ki mAsa ke kRSNapakSa kI saptamI ko tathA navamI ko pitaroM ke lie havi dI jAtI hai, kintu Azva0 gR0 (2 / 4 / 12) ne aSTamI ke devatA ke viSaya meM ATha vikalpa diye haiM, yathA-vizve-deva (sabhI deva), agni, sUrya, prajApati, rAtri, nakSatra, Rtue~, pitara evaM pshu| gomila gR0 (3 / 10 / 1) ne yaha kahakara Arambha kiyA hai ki rAtri aSTakA kI devatA hai, kintu itanA jor3a diyA hai ki devatA ke viSaya meM anya mata bhI haiM, yathA--agni, pitara, prajApati, Rtu yA vishve-dev| ___aSTakA kI vidhi tIna bhAgoM meM hai| homa, bhojana ke lie brAhmaNoM ko Amantrita karanA (bhojanoparAnta unheM dekhane taka) evaM anvaSTakya yA anvaSTakA nAmaka kRty| yadi aSTakA kaI mAsoM meM sampAdita hone vAlI tIna yA cAra hoM, jaisA ki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai, to ye sabhI vidhiyA~ pratyeka aSTakA meM kI jAtI haiN| jaba aSTakA kRtya kevala eka mAsa meM, arthAt kevala mAgha kI pUrNimA ke pazcAt ho to uparyukta kRtya kRSNapakSa kI saptamI, aSTamI evaM navamI ko kiye jAte haiN| yadi yaha eka hI dina sampAdita ho to tInoM vidhiyA~ usI dina eka ke uparAnta eka avazya kI jAnI caahie| ____ aSTakAoM ke viSaya meM AzvalAyana, kauzika, gobhila, hiraNyakezI evaM baudhAyana ke gRhyasUtroM meM vizada vidhi dI huI hai| ApastambagR0 (8 / 21 evaM 22) meM usakA saMkSipta rUpa hai jise hama udAharaNArtha prastuta kara rahe haiN| ekASTakA kI paribhASA dene ke uparAnta Apa0 gR0(8|21|10)ne likhA hai-"kartA ko eka dina pUrva ('amAnta' kRSNa pakSa kI saptamI ko) sAyaMkAla AraMbhika kRtya karane caahie| vaha cAra pyAloM meM (cAvala kI rAzi meM se) cAvala lekara usase roTI pakAtA hai, kucha logoM ke mata se (pUroDAza kI mAMti) ATha kapAloM vAlI roTI banAyI jAtI hai| amAvasyA evaM pUrNimA ke yajJoM kI bhAMti AjyabhAga nAmaka kRtya taka sabhI kRtya karake vaha donoM hAthoM se roTI yA apUpa kI AhutiyA~ detA hai aura Apa* mantrapATha kA eka mantra (2 / 20 / 27) par3hatA hai| apUpa kA zeSa bhAga ATha bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara brAhmaNoM ko diyA jAtA hai| dUsare dina vaha (kartA) 'maiM tumheM yajJa meM bali dene ke lie, jo pitaroM ko acchA lagatA hai, banAtA hU~' kathana ke sAtha gAya ko darma sparza karAkara bali ke lie taiyAra karatA hai| mauna rUpa se (binA 'svAhA' kahe) ghRta kI pA~ca AhutiyAM dekara pazu kI vapA (mAMsa) ko pakAkara aura use nIce phailAkara tathA usa para dhRta chor3akara vaha palAza kI pattI se (DaMThala ke madhya yA anta bhAga se pakar3akara) usakI Age ke mantra (Apa0 mantrapATha, 2 / 20128) ke sAtha Ahuti detA hai| isake uparAnta vaha bhAta ke sAtha mAMsa Age ke sAta mantroM (Apa. mantrapATha, 2 / 20 / 29-35) ke sAtha Ahuti rUpa meM detA hai| isake pazcAt vaha dUdha meM pake hue ATe ko Age ke mantra (222131 'ukthyazcAtirAtrazca') ke sAtha Ahuti rUpa meM detA hai| taba Age ke mantroM (2 / 21 / 2-9) ke sAtha ghRta kI AhutiyAM detA hai| sviSTakRt ke kRtyoM se lekara piNDa dene taka ke kRtya mAsika zrAddha ke samAna hI hote haiM (Apa0 gR0 8 / 21 / 1-9) / kucha AcAryoM kA mata hai ki aSTakA se eka dina uparAnta (arthAt kRSNa pakSa kI navamI ko) hI piNDa diye jAte haiN| kartA apUpa ke samAna hI donoM hAthoM se dahI kI Ahuti detA hai| dUsare dina gAya ke mAMsa kA utanA aMza, jitane kI AvazyakatA ho, chor3akara anvaSTakA kRtya sampAdita karatA hai|" yadyapi Apa0 gR0 (2 / 5 / 3) evaM zAMkhA0 gR0 (361317) kA kathana hai ki anvaSTakA kRtya meM piNDapitRyajJa kI vidhi mAnI jAtI hai, kintu kucha gRhyasUtra (yathA khAdira0 3 / 5 evaM gobhila0 4 / 2-3) isa kRtya kA vizada varNana upasthita karate haiN| Azva0 gR0 evaM viSNudharmasUtra (74) ne madhyama mArga apanAyA hai| Azva0 gR0 kA varNana apekSAkRta saMkSipta hai aura hama usI ko prastuta kara rahe haiN| yaha jJAtavya hai ki kucha gRhyasUtroM kA kathana hai ki anvaSTakA

Page #217
1210 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa kRtya kRSNa pakSa kI navamI yA dazamI ko kiyA jAtA hai (khAdira0 3 / 5 / 1) / ise pAra0 gR0 (3 / 3 / 30), manu (4/150) evaM viSNu0 (74 / 1 evaM 76 / 1) ne anvaSTakA kI saMjJA dI hai| atyanta viziSTa bAta yaha hai ki isa kRtya meM strI pitaroM kA AhvAna kiyA jAtA hai aura isameM jo AhutiyAM dI jAtI haiM, unameM surA, mA~r3a, aMjana, lepa evaM mAlAeM bhI sammilita rahatI haiN| yadyapi Azva0 ga0 (25) Adi ne ghoSita kiyA hai ki aSTakA evaM anvaSTakya mAsika zrAddha yA piNDapitRyajJa para AdhArita haiM tathApi baudhA0 R0 (3 / 12 / 1), gobhila0 (414) evaM khAdira0 (3 / 5 / 35) ne kahA hai ki aSTakA yA anvaSTakya ke AdhAra para hI piNDapitRyajJa evaM anya zrAddha kiye jAte haiN| kAThaka0 (66 / 1167, 68 / 1 evaM 69 / 1) kA kathana hai ki prathama zrAddha, sapiNDIkaraNa jaise anya zrAddha, pazuzrAddha (jisameM pazu kA mAMsa arpita kiyA jAtA hai) evaM mAsika zrAddha aSTakA kI vidhi kA hI anusaraNa karate haiN| piNDapitRyajJa kA sampAdana amAvasyA ke dina kevala AhitAgni karatA hai| yaha bAta sambhavataH ulaTI thI, arthAt kevala thor3e hI AhitAgni the, zeSa logoM ke pAsa kevala gRhya agniyA~ thIM aura unase bhI adhika binA gRhyAgni ke the| yaha sambhava hai ki sabhI ko piNDapitRyajJa ke anukaraNa para amAvasyA ko zrAddha karanA hotA thaa| jyoM-jyoM piNDapitayajJa kA sampAdana kama hotA gayA, amAvasyA ke dina zrAddha karanA zeSa raha gayA aura sUtroM evaM smRtiyoM meM jo kucha kahA gayA hai vaha mAsi-zrATha ke rUpa meM raha gayA aura anya zrAddhoM ke viSaya meM sUtroM evaM smRtiyoM ne kevala yahI nirdeza kiyA ki kyA-kyA chor3a denA caahie| isI se mAsi-zrAva ne prakRti kI saMjJA pAyI aura anya zrAddha vikRti (mAsi-zrAddha ke vibhinna rUpa) khlaaye| mAsi-zrAddha meM yajJa kI adhikAMza bAteM Avazyaka thIM aura kucha bAteM, yathA-ayaM denA, gandha, dIpa Adi denA, joDa dI gayIM tathA kucha adhika vizada niyama nirmita kara diye gye| ___ anvaSTakya kA varNana Azva0 gR0 (2 / 5 / 2-15) meM isa prakAra hai-usI mAMsa kA eka bhAga taiyAra karake,29 dakSiNa kI ora DhAlU bhUmi para agni pratiSThApita karake, use gherakara aura ghirI zAlA ke uttara meM dvAra banAkara, agni ke cAroM ora yajJiya ghAsa (kuza) tIna bAra rakhakara, kintu usake mUloM ko usase dUra rakhakara, apane vAmAMga ko agni kI ora rakhakara use (kartA ko) havi, yathA-bhAta, tilamizrita mAta, dUdha meM pakAyA huA bhAta, dahI ke sAtha mIThA bhojana evaM madhu ke sAtha mAMsa rakha denA caahie| isake Age piNDapitRyajJa ke kRtyoM ke samAna karma karane cAhie (Azva0 zrI0 2 / 6) / isake uparAnta mIThe khAdya padArtha ko chor3akara sabhI haviyoM ke kucha bhAga ko madhu ke sAtha agni meM DAlakara usa havi kA kucha bhAga pitaroM ko tathA unakI paliyoM ko surA evaM maoNr3a milAkara denA caahie| kucha loga havi ko gaDDhoM meM rakhane ko kahate haiM, jinakI saMkhyA do se chaH taka ho sakatI hai| pUrva vAle gaDDhoM meM pitaroM ko havi dI jAtI hai aura pazcima vAloM meM unakI patniyoM ko| isa prakAra varSA Rtu ke prauSThapada (bhAdrapada) kI pUrNimA ke pazcAt kRSNa pakSa meM maghA ke dina yaha kRtya ghoSita kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra use (kartA ko) prati mAsa (anvaSTakA jaisA kRtya) pitaroM ke lie karanA cAhie aura aisA karate hue viSama saMkhyA para dhyAna denA cAhie (arthAt viSama saMkhyA meM brAhmaNa evaM tithiyAM honI caahie| use kama-se-kama nau brAhmaNoM yA kisI bhI viSama saMkhyA vAle brAhmaNoM ko bhojana denA caahie| mAMgalika avasaroM evaM kalyANaprada kRtyoM ke sampAdana para sama saMkhyA meM brAhmaNoM ko khilAnA cAhie tathA anya avasaroM para viSama saMkhyA meN| yaha kRtya bAyeM se dAhine kiyA jAtA hai, isameM tila ke sthAna para yava (jau) kA prayoga hotA hai|"22 21. usa pazu kA mAMsa jo aSTakA ke dina kATA jAtA hai (Azva0 gR0 2 / 4 / 13) / 22. 'vRddhi' yA 'Amyuvayika' (samRddhi yA acche bhAgya kI ora saMketa karanevAle) zrAddha putra kI utpatti, putra

Page #218
1211 anvaSTakya kRtya pratyeka tIna yA cAra aSTakAoM ke uparAnta sampAdita hotA thA, kintu yadi mAgha meM kevala eka hI aSTakA kI jAya taba vaha kRSNa pakSa kI aSTamI ke uparAnta kiyA jAtA thA / 0gRhyasUtra (2/5/9) meM mAdhyAvarSa nAmaka kRtya ke viSaya meM do mata prakAzita kiye gaye haiM / nArAyaNa ke mata se yaha kRtya mAdrapada kRSNa pakSa kI tIna tithiyoM meM, arthAt saptamI, aSTamI evaM navamI ko kiyA jAtA hai| dUsarA mata yaha hai ki yaha kRtya aSTakAoM ke samAna hI hai jo bhAdrapada kI trayodazI ko sampAdita hotA hai, jaba ki sAmAnyataH candra maghA nakSatra meM hotA hai| isa kRtya ke nAma meM sandeha hai, kyoMki pANDulipiyoM meM bahuta-se rUpa prastuta kiye gaye haiM / vAstavika nAma, lagatA hai, mAdhyavarSa yA maghAvarSa hai ( varSA Rtu meM jaba ki candra maghA nakSatra meM rahatA hai ) / viSNu0 (76 / 1) ne zrAddha karane ke lie nimnalikhita kAla batalAyA hai - ( varSa meM ) 12 amAvasyAe~, 3 aSTakAe~, 3 anvaSTakAe~, maghA nakSatra vAle candra ke bhAdrapada kRSNa pakSa kI trayodazI evaM zarada tathA vasanta kI RtueN| viSNu 0 ( 78/52-53 ) ne bhAdrapada kI trayodazI ke zrAddha kI bar3I prazaMsA kI hai / manu ( 3 / 273 ) kA bhI kathana hai ki varSA Rtu ke maghA nakSatra vAle candra kI trayodazI ko madhu ke sAtha pitaroM ko jo kucha arpita kiyA jAtA hai usase unheM asIma tRpti prApta hotI hai| aisA hI vasiSTha (11/40), yAjJa0 ( 1 / 26 ) evaM varAhapurANa meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| hiraNya0 gR0 (2 / 13 / 3-4 ) meM mAdhyAvarSa zabda AyA hai aura kahA gayA hai ki isameM mAMsa anivArya hai, kintu mAMsAbhAva meM zAka arpita ho sakate haiN| pAra0 gR0 (313) meM madhyAvarSa AyA hai, jise cauthI aSTakA kahA gayA hai aura jisameM kevala zAka kA arpaNa hotA hai| aparArka ne bhI ise madhyAvarSa kahA hai ( pR0 422) / bhaviSyapurANa (brahmaparva, 183 / 4) meM bhI isa kRtya kI ora saMketa hai kintu yaha kahA gayA hai ki mAMsa kA arpaNa honA caahie| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha prAcIna kRtya, jo bhAdrapada ke kRSNa pakSa kI trayodazI ko hotA thA, pazcAtkAlIna mahAlaya zrAddha kA pUrvavartI hai| aSTakA zrAddha tathA anya yadi AzvalAyana kA mata ki hemanta evaM zizira meM cAra aSTakAe~ hotI haiM, mAna liyA jAya aura yadi nArAyaNa ke matAnusAra bhAdrapada ke kRSNa pakSa kI aSTamI meM sampAdita honevAle mAdhyAvarSa zrAddha ko mAna liyA jAya to isa prakAra pA~ca aSTakAe~ ho jAtI haiM / caturviMzatimatasaMgraha meM bhaTTojI ne bhI yahI kahA hai / ki bahuta-se sthAnAbhAva se hama anya gRhyasUtroM ke varNana yahA~ upasthita nahIM kara skeNge| yaha jJAtavya sUtroM ne isa kRtya meM prayukta mantroM ko samAna rUpa se vyavahRta kiyA hai| yaha kahanA Avazyaka hai ki aSTakA zrAddha kramazaH lupta ho gayA aura aba isakA sampAdana nahIM hotA / uparyukta vivecana yaha sthApita karatA hai ki amAvAsyA vAlA mAsi zrAddha prakRti zrAddha hai jisakI aSTakA evaM anya zrAddha kucha saMzodhanoM ke sAtha vikRti ( pratikRti ) mAtra haiM, yadyapi kahIM-kahIM kucha ulaTI bAteM bhI pAyI jAtI haiN| gomilagR0 (4|4|3) meM anvAhArya nAmaka eka anya zrAddha kA ullekha huA hai jo ki piNDapitRyajJa ke uparAnta usI dina sampAdita hotA hai| zAMkhA0 gR0 (4|1|13) ne piNDapitRyajJa se pRthak mAsika zrAddha kI carcA kI hai| manu (3 / 122-123 ) kA kathana hai- 'pitRyajJa ( arthAt piNDapitRyajJa ) ke sampAdana ke uparAnta vaha brAhmaNa jo agnihotrI arthAt AhitAgni hai, prati mAsa use amAvAsyA ke dina piNDAnvAhArthaka zrAddha karanA caahie| budha loga isa . yA kanyA ke vivAha ke avasaroM para kiye jAte haiM / vRddhi zrAddha ko nAndImukha bhI kahA jAtA hai| pUrva kA artha hai kUpa, tAlAba, mandira, vATikA kA nirmANa kArya jo dAtavyasvarUpa hotA hai| dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 25 evaM yAjJa0 (1 / 250 ) tathA zAM0 gu0 (44411) / 80

Page #219
1212 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa mAsika zrAddha ko anvAhAya kahate haiM aura yaha nimnalikhita anumodita prakAroM ke sAtha bar3I sAvadhAnI se avazya sampAdita karanA caahie|' isase prakaTa hotA hai ki AhitAgni ko zrautAgni meM piNDapitRyajJa karanA hotA thA aura usI dina usake uparAnta eka anya zrAddha karanA par3atA thaa| jo loga zrautAgni nahIM rakhate the unheM amAvAsyA ke dina gRhyAH gniyoM meM piNDAnvAhAryaka (yA kevala anvAhArya) nAmaka zrAddha karanA hotA thA aura unheM smArta agni meM piNDapitRyajJa bhI karanA par3atA thaa| Ajakala, jaisA ki khoja se patA lagA hai, adhikAMza meM agnihotrI piNDapitRyajJa nahIM karate, yA karate bhI haiM to varSa meM kevala eka bAra aura piNDAnvAhAryaka zrAddha to koI nahIM krtaa| yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki smArta yajJoM meM aba koI pazu-bali nahIM hotI, pratyuta usake sthAna para mASa (urda) kA arpaNa hotA hai, aba kucha AhitAgni bhI aise haiM jo zrautAgniyoM meM mAMsa nahIM arpita karate, pratyuta usake sthAna para piSTa-pazu (ATe se banI pazupratimA) kI AhutiyA~ dete haiN| zrAddha-sambandhI sAhitya vizAla hai| vaidika saMhitAoM se lekara Adhunika TIkAoM evaM nibandhoM taka meM zrAddha ke viSaya meM vizada varNana prApta hotA hai| purANoM meM zrAddha ke viSaya meM sahasroM zloka haiN| yadi hama sArI bAtoM kA vivecana upasthita kareM to vaha svayaM eka pothI bana jaay| hama kAlAnusAra zrAddha-sambandhI bAtoM para prakAza ddaaleNge| vaidika saMhitAoM evaM brAhmaNa-granthoM, gRhyasUtroM evaM dharmasUtroM se lekara Arambhika smRtigranthoM, yathA manu evaM yAjJavalkya kI smRtiyoM taka, tadanantara pratinidhi purANa evaM medhAtithi, vijJAnezvara tathA aparArka kI TIkAoM dvArA upasthati vivecanoM se lekara madhyakAlika nibandhoM taka kA varNana upasthita kreNge| aisA karate hue bhI hama kevala DhA~cA mAtra prastuta kreNge| matamatAntaroM ko, jo kAlAntara meM dezoM, kAloM, zAkhAoM, dezAcAroM, lekhakoM kI paramparAoM evaM unakI vaiyaktika manovRttiyoM tathA samarthatAoM Adi ke phalasvarUpa utpanna hote gaye, hama chor3ate jaayeNge| paurANika kAla meM katipaya zAkhAoM kI ora saMketa milate haiN| smRtiyoM evaM mahAbhArata (yathA-anuzAsanaparva, adhyAya 87-92) ke vacanoM tathA sUtroM, manu, yAjJavalkya evaM anya smRtiyoM kI TIkAoM ke atirikta zrAddha-sambandhI nibandhoM kI saMkhyA apAra hai| isa viSaya meM kevala nimnalikhita nibandhoM kI (kAla ke anusAra vyavasthita) carcA hogI-zrAddhakalpataru, aniruddha kI hAralatA evaM pitRdayitA, smRtyarthasAra, smRticandrikA, caturvargacintAmaNi (zrAddha prakaraNa), hemAdri (bibliothikA iNDikA mAlA, 1716 pRSThoM meM), rudradhara kA zrAddhaviveka, madanapArijAta, zrAddhasAra (nRsiMhaprasAda kA eka bhAga), govindAnanda kI zrAddhakriyAkaumudI, raghunandana kA zrAddhatattva, zrAddhasaukhya (ToDarAnanda kA eka bhAga), vinAyaka urpha nanda paNDita kI zrAddhakalpalatA, nirNayasindhu, nIlakaNTha kA zrAddhamayUkha, zrAddhaprakAza (vIramitrodaya kA eka bhAga), divAkara bhaTTa kI zrAddhacandrikA, smRtimuktAphala (zrAddha para), dharmasindhu evaM mitAkSarA kI ttiikaa-baalmttttii| zrAddhasambandhI vizada varNana upasthita karate samaya, kahIM-kahIM AvazyakatAnusAra sAmAnya vicAra bhI upasthita kiye jaayeNge| hama dekheMge ki kisa prakAra sAdhAraNa bAtoM se, yathA-devoM ko bhojana-arpaNa zrAddha ke pUrva karanA cAhie yA uparAnta, parivitti kI paribhASA, vRSalIpati Adi se, zrAddha-sambandhI granthoM kA AkAra kitanA bar3ha gayA hai| sarvaprathama hama zrAdAdhikAriyoM arthAt zrAddha karane ke yogya yA adhikAriyoM ke viSaya meM vivecana kreNge| isa viSaya meM isa grantha ke khaNDa 3, adhyAya 29 evaM isa khaNDa ke adhyAya 8 meM bhI prakAza DAla diyA gayA hai| yaha jJAtavya hai ki kucha dharmazAstra-granthoM (yathA-viSNudharmasUtra)ne vyavasthA dI hai ki jo koI mRtaka kI sampatti letA hai use 23. skandapurANa (nAgarakhaNDa, 215 / 24-25) meM AyA hai-vRzyante bahavo bhavA vijAnAM zrAddhakarmaNi / bhAvasya bahavo bhevAH shaakhaabhedaivyvsthitaaH|

Page #220
zrAddha karane ke adhikAro 1213 usake lie zrAddha karanA cAhie, aura kucha ne aisA kahA hai ki jo bhI koI zrAddha karane kI yogyatA rakhatA hai athavA zrAddha her adhikArI hai vaha mRtaka kI sampatti grahaNa kara sakatA hai| do-eka bAteM, jo pahale nahIM dI gayI haiM, yahA~ dI jA rahI haiM / zAntiparva ( 65 / 11-21) meM varNana AyA hai ki indra ne samrAT mAndhAtA se kahA ki kisa prakAra yavana, kirAta Adi anAryoM (jinheM mahAbhArata meM dasyu kahA gayA hai) ko AcaraNa karanA cAhie aura yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki sabhI dasyu pitRyajJa ( jisameM unheM apanI jAti vAloM ko bhoja evaM dhana denA cAhie) kara sakate haiM aura brAhmaNoM ko dhana bhI de sakate haiM / " vAyupurANa (83 / 112 ) ne bhI mlecchoM ko pitaroM ke lie zrAddha karate hue varNita kiyA hai| gomilasmRti ( 3 / 70 evaM 2 / 104 ) ne eka sAmAnya niyama yaha diyA hai ki putrahIna patnI ko ( marane para) pati dvArA piNDa nahIM diyA jAnA cAhie, pitA dvArA putra ko tathA bar3e bhAI dvArA choTe bhAI ko bhI piNDa nahIM diyA jAnA cAhie / nimi ne apane mRta putra kA zrAddha kiyA thA, kintu unhoMne Age calakara pazcAttApa kiyA kyoMki vaha kArya dharmasaMkaTa thaa| yaha bAta bhI gobhila0 ke samAna hI hai| aura dekhie anuzAsanaparva (91) / aparArka ( pR0 538) ne SaTtriMzanmata kA eka zloka uddhRta kara kahA hai ki pitA ko putra kA evaM bar3e bhAI ko choTe bhAI kA zrAddha nahIM karanA caahie| kintu bRhatparAzara ( pR0 153) ne kahA hai ki kabhI-kabhI yaha sAmAnya niyama bhI nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| baudhAyana evaM vRddhazAtAtapa (smRtica0, zrAddha, pR0 337 ) ne kisI ko snehavaza kisI ke lie bhI zrAddha karane kI, vizeSataH gayA meM, anumati dI hai| aisA kahA gayA hai ki kevala vahI putra kahalAne yogya hai, jo pitA kI jIvitAvasthA meM usake vacanoM kA pAlana karatA hai, prati varSa ( pitA kI mRtyu ke uparAnta) paryApta bhojana (brAhmaNoM ko) detA hai aura jo gayA meM (pUrvajoM) ko piNDa detA hai|" eka sAmAnya niyama yaha thA ki upanayanavihIna baccA zUdra ke samAna hai aura vaha vaidika mantroM kA uccAraNa nahIM kara sakatA ( Apa0 gha0 sU0 2 6 | 15 |19; gautama 2 / 4-5; vasiSTha 216; viSNu0 28/40 evaM man 2 / 172) / kintu isakA eka apavAda svIkRta thA, upanayanavihIna putra antyeSTi-karma se sambandhita vaidika mantroM kA uccAraNa kara sakatA hai / medhAtithi ( manu 2 / 172 ) ne vyAkhyA kI hai ki alpavayaska putra bhI, yadyapi abhI vaha upanayanavihIna hone ke kAraNa vedAdhyayanarahita hai, apane pitA ko jala-tarpaNa kara sakatA hai, navazrAddha kara sakatA hai aura 'zundhantAM pitaraH' jaise mantroM kA uccAraNa kara sakatA hai, kintu zrautAgniyoM yA gRhyAgniyoM ke abhAva meM vaha pArvaNa jaise zrAddha nahIM kara sktaa| smRtyarthasAra ( pR0 56 ) ne likhA hai ki anupanIta (jinakA abhI upanayana saMskAra nahIM huA hai) baccoM, striyoM evaM zUdroM ko purohita dvArA zrAddhakarma karAnA cAhie yA ve svayaM bhI binA mantroM ke zrAddha kara sakate haiM kintu ve kevala mRta ke nAma evaM gotra yA do mantroM, yathA- 'devebhyo namaH ' evaM 'pitRbhyaH svadhA namaH' kA uccAraNa kara sakate haiM / uparyukta vivecana spaSTa karatA hai ki puruSoM, striyoM evaM upanIta tathA anupanIta baccoM ko zrAddha karanA par3atA thA / 24. yavanAH kirAtA gAndhArAzcInAH zabara barbarAH / zakAstuSArAH kazca pallavAzcAndhra madrakAH // .... kathaM maricariSyanti sarve viSayavAsinaH / madvidhaizca kathaM sthApyAH sarve vaM dasyujIvinaH // .... . mAtApitrohi zuzrUSA kartavyA sarvavasyubhi: / ... pitRyajJAstathA kUpAH prapAzca zayanAni ca / dAnAni ca yathAkAlaM dvijebhyo visRjetsadA // ... pAkayajJA mahAharica dAtavyAH sarvavasyubhiH / zAntiparva ( 65 013 - 21) / isa para zUdrakamalAkara ( pR0 55 ) ne TippaNI kI hai-'iti mlecchAdInAM zrAddhavidhAnaM tadapi sajAtIyabhojanadravyadAnAdiparam / ' 25. jIvato vAkyakaraNAt pratyabdaM bhuuribhojnaat| gayAyAM piNDavAnAcca tribhiH putrasya putratA // tristhalIsetu (50 319 ) /

Page #221
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa tai0 saM0 ( 1/8/5/1) evaM tai0 brA0 (1 / 6 / 9 ) se prakaTa hotA hai ki pitA, pitAmaha evaM prapitAmaha tIna sva-saMbaMdhI pUrvapuruSoM kA zrAddha kiyA jAtA hai| bo0 gha0 sU0 (1 / 5 / 113-115) kA kathana hai ki sAta prakAra ke vyakti eka-dUsare se ati sambandhita haiM, aura ve avibhaktadAya sapiNDa kahe jAte haiM--prapitAmaha, pitAmaha, pitA, svayaM vyakti ( jo apane se pUrva ke tIna ko piNDa detA hai), usake sahodara bhAI, usakA putra ( usI kI jAti vAlI patnI se utpanna ): pautra evaM prapautra / sakulya ve haiM jo vibhaktadAyAda haiM, mRta kI sampatti use milatI hai jo mRta ke zarIra se utpanna huA hai / " manu ( 9 | 137 = vasiSTha 1715 = viSNu0 15 / 16) ne likhA hai - putra ke janma se vyakti lokoM (svarga Adi) kI prApti karatA hai, pautra se amaratA prApta karatA hai aura prapotra se vaha sUryaloka pahu~ca jAtA hai| isase prakaTa hai ki vyakti ke tIna vaMzaja samAna rUpa se vyakti ko AdhyAtmika lAbha pahu~cAte haiN| yAjJa0 ( 1 / 78) ne bhI tIna vaMzajoM ko binA koI bheda batAye eka sthAna para rakha diyA hai - ' apane putra, pautra evaM prapautra se vyakti vaMza kI avicchinnatA evaM svarga prApta karatA hai / ' ataH jaba manu ( 9 / 106 ) yaha kahate haiM ki putra ke janma se vyakti pUrvajoM ke prati apane RNoM ko cukAtA hai, to dAyabhAga ( 9 / 34 ) ne vyAkhyA kI hai ki 'putra' zabda prapautra taka ke tIna vaMzajoM kA dyotaka hai, kyoMki tInoM ko pArvaNazrAddha karane kA adhikAra hai aura tInoM piNDadAna se apane pUrvajoM ko samAna rUpa se lAbha pahu~cAte haiM aura 'putra' zabda ko saMkucita artha meM nahIM lenA cAhie, pratyuta usameM prapautra ko bhI sammilita mAnanA cAhie, kyoMki kisI bhI grantha meM bar3I kaThinAI se yaha bAta milegI ki prapautra ko bhI zrAddha karane yA sampatti pAne kA adhikAra hai, kisI bhI grantha meM yaha spaSTa rUpa se ( pRthak DhaMga se) nahIM likhA hai ki prapautra sampatti pAnevAlA evaM piNDadAna-kartA hai| yAjJa0 (2/50 ) meM jaba yaha AyA hai ki pitA kI mRtyu para yA jaba vaha dUra deza calA gayA hai yA ApadoM (asAdhya rogoM se grasta Adi) meM par3A huA hai to usake RRNa putroM yA pautroM dvArA cukAye jAne cAhie, to mitAkSarA ne jor3A hai ki putra yA pautra ko vaMza- sampatti na milane para bhI pitA ke RNa cukAne cAhie, antara kevala itanA hI hai ki putra mUla ke sAtha byAja bhI cukAtA hai aura pautra kevala mUla / mitA0 ne bRhaspati ko uddhRta kara kahA hai ki vahA~ sabhI vaMzaja eka sAtha varNita haiM / mitAkSarA ne itanA jor3a diyA hai ki jaba vaMza-sampatti na prApta ho to prapautra ko mUla dhana bhI nahIM denA pdd'taa| isase prakaTa hai ki mitAkSarA ne mI 'putra' zabda ke antargata prapautra ko sammilita mAnA hai / yAjJa0 (2 / 51 ) ne kahA hai ki jo bhI koI mRta kI sampatti grahaNa karatA hai use usakA RNa bhI cukAnA par3atA hai, ataH prapotra ko bhI RNa cukAnA par3atA hai yadi vaha prapitAmaha se sampatti pAtA hai| isI se mitA0 ( yAjJa0 2150) ne spaSTa kahA hai ki prapautra apane prapitAmaha kA RNa nahIM cukAtA hai yadi use sampatti nahIM milatI hai, nahIM to 'putra' ke vyApaka artha meM rahane ke kAraNa use RNa cukAnA hI par3atA / yadi mitA0 'putra' zabda meM 'prapotra' ko sammilita na karatI to yAjJa0 (2/50 ) meM prapautra zabda ke ullekha kI AvazyakatA kI bAta hI nahIM utthtii| isake atirikta mitA0 ( yAjJa0 2 / 51 'putrahI - nasya rikthinaH') ne 'putra' ke antargata 'prapautra' bhI sammilita kiyA hai| isase prakaTa hai ki mitAkSarA isa bAta se saceta hai ki mRta ke tIna vaMzaja eka dala meM Ate haiM, ve usake dhana evaM uttaradAyitva kA vahana karate haiM aura 'putra' zabda meM tInoM vaMzaja Ate haiM (jahA~ bhI kahIM koI aisI AvazyakatA par3e to ) / yadi 'putra' zabda ko upalakSaNasvarUpa nahIM mAnA 1214 26. api ca prapitAmahaH pitAmahaH pitA svayaM sodaryA bhrAtaraH savarNAyAH putraH prautraH prapautra etAnavibhaktadAyAdAn sapiNDAnAcakSate / vibhaktadAyAdAn sakulyAnAcakSate / satsvaGgajeSu tadgAmI hyartho bhavati / bau0 dha0 sU0 (114) 113-115) / ise dAyabhAga (11 / 37) ne uddhRta kiyA hai aura (11 / 38) meM vyAkhyApita kiyA hai| aura dekhie dAyatattva ( pR0 189 ) /

Page #222
'putra' ke mayaM meM pautra-prapautra kA bhI samAveza; zrAddhakAla 1215 jAyagA to yAjJa0 kI vyAkhyA meM gambhIra ApattiyA~ uTha khar3I hoNgii| udAharaNArtha, yAjJa0 (21135-136) meM AyA hai ki jaba putrahIna vyakti mara jAtA hai to usakI patnI, putriyA~ evaM anya uttarAdhikArI eka-ke-pazcAt eka Ate haiN| yadi 'putra' kA artha kevala putra mAnA jAya to putrahIna vyakti ke mara jAne para pautra ke rahate hue mRta kI patnI yA kanyA (jo bhI koI jIvita ho) sampatti kI adhikAriNI ho jaaygii| ataH 'putra' zabda kI vyAkhyA kisI ucita saMdarbha meM vistRta rUpa meM kI jAnI caahie| vyavahAramayUkha, vIramitrodaya, dattakamImAMsA Adi grantha 'putra' zabda meM tIna vaMzajoM ko sammilita mAnate haiN| isI se, yadyapi mitAkSarA dAyAdhikAra evaM uttarAdhikAra ke prati apane nirdezoM meM kevala putra evaM pautra (zAbdika rUpa meM use 'putra' kA hI ullekha karanA cAhie) ke nAmoM kA ullekha karatA hai, isameM prapautra ko bhI saMyukta samajhanA cAhie, vizeSataH isa bAta ko lekara ki vaha yAjJa0 (2 / 50 evaM 51) kI samIkSA meM prapautra kI ora bhI saMketa karatA hai| baudhAyana evaM yAjJavalkya ne tIna vaMzajoM kA ullekha kiyA hai aura zaMkha-likhita, vasiSTha (11 / 39) evaM yama ne tIna pUrvajoM ke saMbaMdha meM kevala 'putra' yA 'suta' kA prayoga kiyA hai| ataH DA0 kApaDiyA (hiMdU kiMgazipa, pR0 162) kA yaha ullekha ki vijJAnezvara 'putra' zabda se kevala putroM evaM pautroM kI ora saMketa karate hai, nirAdhAra hai| jisa prakAra rAjA dAyAdahInoM kA antima uttarAdhikArI hai aura sabhI alpavayaskoM kA abhibhAvaka hai, usI prakAra vaha (sambandhiyoM se hIna) vyakti ke zrAddha-sampAdana meM putra ke sadRza hai| _aba hama dhADa-kAla ke viSaya meM vivecana upasthita kreNge| hamane isa grantha ke khaNDa 2, adhyAya 28 meM dekha liyA hai ki zatapatha brAhmaNa ke bahuta pahale pratyeka gRhastha ke lie paMcamahAyajJoM kI vyavasthA thI, yathA-bhUtayajJa, manuSyayajJa, pitRyajJa, devayajJa evaM brhmyjny| za0 brA0 evaM tai0 A0 (2010) ne Age kahA hai ki vaha Ahnika yajJa jisameM pitaroM ko svadhA (bhojana) evaM jala diyA jAtA hai, pitRyajJa kahalAtA hai| manu (3 / 70) ne pitRyajJa ko tarpaNa (jala se pUrvajoM kI saMtuSTi) karanA kahA hai| manu (3 / 83) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki pratyeka gRhastha ko prati dina bhojana yA jala yA dUdha, mUla evaM phala ke sAtha zrAddha karanA cAhie aura pitaroM ko santoSa denA caahie| prArambhika rUpa meM zrAddha pitaroM ke lie amAvAsyA ke dina kiyA jAtA thA (gautama 15 / 1-2) / amAvAsyA do prakAra kI hotI haiM; sinIvAlI evaM kuhU / AhitAgni (agnihotrI) sinIvAlI meM zrAddha karate haiM, tathA inase bhinna evaM zUdra loga kuhU amAvAsyA meM zrAddha karate haiN| zrAddha (yA sabhI kRtya) tIna koTiyoM meM vibhAjita kiye gaye haiM; nitya, naimittika evaM kaamy| vaha zrAddha nitya kahalAtA hai jisake lie aisI vyavasthA dI huI ho ki vaha kisI nizcita avasara para kiyA jAya (yathAAhnika , amAvAsyA ke dina vAlA yA aSTakA ke dina vaalaa)| jo aise avasara para kiyA jAya jo anizcita-sA ho, yathA-putrotpatti Adi para, use naimittika kahA jAtA hai| jo kisI viziSTa phala ke lie kiyA jAya use kAmya kahate haiM; yathA svarga, saMtati Adi kI prApti ke lie kRttikA yA rohiNI para kiyA gayA shraaddh| paJcamahAyajJa kRtya, jinameM pitRyajJa bhI sammilita hai, nitya kahe jAte haiM, arthAt unheM binA kisI phala kI AzA se karanA cAhie, unake na karane se pApa lagatA hai| nitya karmoM ke karane se prApta phala kI jo carcA dharmazAstroM meM milatI hai vaha kevala prazaMsA mAtra hai, usase kevala yahI vyakta hotA hai ki ina karmoM ke sampAdana se vyakti pavitra ho jAtA hai, kintu aisA nahIM hai ki ve aparihArya nahIM haiM aura unakA sampAdana tabhI hotA hai jaba vyakti kisI viziSTa phala kI AzA rakhatA hai (arthAt ina karmoM kA sampAdana kAmya athavA icchAjanita nahIM hai)| Apa0 dha0 sa0 (27 / 16 / 4-7) ne zrAddha ke lie nizcita kAloM kI vyavasthA dI hai, yathA-isakA sampAdana pratyeka mAsa ke antima pakSa meM ho jAnA cAhie, aparAhNa ko zreSThatA milanI cAhie aura pakSa ke Arambhika dinoM kI apekSA antima dinoM ko adhika mahattva denA caahie| gautama (15 / 3)

Page #223
1216 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa evaM vasiSTha (11316) kA kathana hai ki zrAddha pratyeka mAsa ke kRSNa pakSa meM caturthI ko chor3akara kisI bhI dina kiyA jA sakatA hai aura gautama (15 / 5) ne punaH kahA hai ki yadi viziSTa rUpa meM ucita sAmagriyA~ yA pavitra brAhmaNa upalabdha hoM yA kartA kisI pavitra sthAna (yathA-gayA) meM ho to zrAddha kisI bhI dina kiyA jA sakatA hai| yahI bAta kUrma0 (2 / 20 / 23) ne bhI kahI hai| agni0 (115 / 8) kA kathana hai ki gayA meM kisI bhI dina zrAddha kiyA jA sakatA hai (na kAlAdi gayAtIrthe dadyAt piNDAMzca nityshH)| manu (3 / 276-278) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki mAsa ke kRSNa pakSa kI caturdazI ko chor3akara dazamI se AraMbha karake kisI bhI dina zrAddha kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu yadi koI cAndra sama tithi (dazamI evaM dvAdazI) aura sama nakSatroM (maraNI, rohiNI Adi) meM zrAddha kare to usakI icchAoM kI pUrti hotI hai, kintu jaba koI viSama tithi (ekAdazI, trayodazI Adi) meM pitRpUjA karatA hai aura viSama nakSatroM (kRttikA, mRgazirA Adi) meM aisA karatA hai to bhAgyazAlI saMtati prApta karatA hai| jisa prakAra mAsa kA kRSNa pakSa zukla pakSa kI apekSA acchA samajhA jAtA hai usI prakAra aparAhna ko madhyAhna se acchA mAnA jAtA hai| anuzAsanaparva (87 / 18) ne bhI aisA hI kahA hai| yAjJa0 (11217-218), kUrma0 (2 / 20 / 2-8), mArkaNDeya0 (28 / 20) evaM varAha0 (13 / 33-35) ne eka sthAna para zrAddha sampAdana ke kAloM ko nimna rUpa se rakhA hai-amAvAsyA, aSTakA dina, zubha dina (yathA-- putrotpatti divasa), mAsa kA kRSNa pakSa, donoM ayana (ve donoM dina jaba sUrya uttara yA dakSiNa kI ora jAnA Arambha karatA hai), paryApta sambhAroM (bhAta, dAla yA mAMsa Adi sAmagriyoM) kI upalabdhi, kisI yogya brAhmaNa kA Agamana, viSuvata rekhA para sUrya kA Agamana, eka rAzi se dUsarI rAzi meM jAnevAle sUrya ke dina, vyatIpAta, gajacchAyA nAmaka jyotiSasaMdhiyA~, candra aura sUrya-grahaNa tathA jaba karmakartA ke mana meM tIvra icchA kA udaya (zrAddha karane ke lie) ho gayA ho-yahI kAla zrAddha-sampAdana ke haiN| mArkaNDeya (28 / 22 / 23) ne jor3A hai ki taba zrAddha karanA cAhie 27. aparArka (10 426) ne 'vyatIpAta' kI paribhASA ke lie vRddha mana ko uddhRta kiyA hai--'shrvnnaashvidhnisstthaanaagdevtmstke| yadyamA ravivAreNa vyatIpAtaH sa ucyte||' aura dekhie agnipu0 (209 / 13) / jaba amAvasyA ravivAra ko hotI hai aura candra usa dina zravaNa nakSatra meM yA azvinI, dhaniSThA, ArdrA meM yA AzleSA ke prathama caraNa meM hotA hai to usa yo ko vyatIpAta kahate haiN| kucha loga 'mastaka' ko 'mRgazironakSatra' kahate haiN| bANa ne apane harSacarita meM 'vyatIpAta' kA ullekha kiyA hai| rAziyoM kI ora nirdeza karake bhI vyatIpAta kI paribhASA kI gayI hai--'paJcAnanasthau gurubhUmiputrau meSe raviH syAdyadi zuklapakSe / pAzAbhidhAnA karabhena yuktA tithiyaMtIpAta itoha yogH||' (zrA0 ka0 ta0, pR0 18-19) / jaba zuklapakSa kI dvAdazI ko candra hasta nakSatra meM hotA hai, sUrya meSa meM, bRhaspati evaM maMgala siMha meM hote haiM to usa yoga ko vyatIpAta kahate haiN| gajacchAyA vaha yoga hai jaba candra maghA nakSatra meM evaM sUrya hasta meM hotA hai aura tithi varSA Rtu ko trayodazI hotI hai| vizvarUpa (yAjJa0 2 / 218) ne uddhRta kiyA hai--'yadi syAccandramAH pizye kare caiva divaakrH| varSAsu ca trayodazyAM sA cachAyA kujarasya tu||' aparArka ne kAThakazruti ko uddhRta kiyA hai--'etaddhi devapitRNAM cAyanaM yddhsticchaayaa'| mitAkSarA aura aparArka (10427) bonoM meM yahI vacana hai| kalpataru (zrAva, pR0 9) evaM kRtyaratnAkara (pR0 319) ne brahmapurANa ko uddhRta kiyA hai'yogo maghAtrayodazyAM kunyjrcchaaysNjitH| bhavenmadhAyAM saMsthe ca zazinya kare sthite // ' saurapurANa ne ise isa prakAra vyAkhyApita kiyA hai--'zrAddhapakSe trayodazyAM maghAsvinduH kare rviH|' skandapurANa (6 / 22042-44) ne 'hasticchAyA' kI vyAkhyA kaI prakAra se kI hai| agnipurANa (165 / 3-4) ne 'hasticchAyA' ko do prakAra se samajhAyA hai| kucha loga gajagchAyA kA zAbdika artha lete haiM aura kahate haiM ki kisI hAthI kI chAyA meM zrAva-sampAdana honA caahie| vanaparva

Page #224
nitya, naimittika evaM kAmya zrAddhoM kA kAla 1217 jaba vyakti duHsvapna dekhe aura sabhI bure graha usake janma ke nakSatra ko prabhAvita kara deN| grahaNa meM zrAddha kA upayukta samaya sparzakAla kA hai (arthAt jaba grahaNa kA Arambha hotA ho); yaha bAta vRddha vasiSTha ke eka zloka meM AtI hai / brahmapurANa (220151-54) meM yAjJavalkya dvArA sabhI kAloM evaM kucha aura kAloM kA varNama pAyA jAtA hai| aura dekhie skanda0 (71 / 30-32), viSNupurANa (3 / 14 / 4-6), padma0 (sRSTi 9 / 128-129) / viSNudha0 sU0 (76 / 1-2) ke mata se amAvAsyA, tIna aSTakAe~ evaM tIna anvaSTakAe~, bhAdrapada ke kRSNapakSa kI trayodazI, jisa dina candra maghA nakSatra meM hotA hai, zarad evaM vasaMta zrAddha ke lie nitya kAloM ke dyotaka haiM aura jo vyakti ina dinoM meM zrAddha nahIM karatA vaha naraka meM jAtA hai| viSNudha0 sU0 (77 / 1-7) kA kahanA hai ki jaba sUrya eka rAzi se dUsarI meM jAtA hai, donoM viSuvIya dina, vizeSataH uttarAyaNa evaM dakSiNAyana ke dina, vyatIpAta, kartA ke janma kI rAzi, putrotpatti Adi ke utsavoM kA kAla--Adi kAmya kAla haiM aura ina avasaroM para kiyA gayA zrAddha (pitaroM ko) ananta Ananda detA hai| kUrma0 (uttarArdha 16 // 6-8) kA kathana hai ki kAmya zrAddha grahaNoM ke samaya, sUrya ke ayanoM ke dina evaM vyatIpAta para karane cAhie, taba ve (pitaroM ko) aparimita Ananda dete haiN| saMkrAMti para kiyA gayA zrAddha ananta kAla-sthAyI hotA hai, isI prakAra janma ke dina evaM katipaya nakSatroM meM zrAddha karanA caahie| Apa0 dha0 sU0 (2 / 7 / 16 / 8-22), anuzAsana parva (87), vAyu0 (99 / 10-19), yAjJa0 (1 / 262-263), brahma0 (220 / 15 / 21), viSNudha0 sU0 (78136-50), kUrma0 (2 / 20 / 17-22), brahmANDa 0 (3 / 17 / 10-22) ne kRSNapakSa kI pratipadA tithi se amAvAsyA taka kiye gaye zrAddhoM ke phaloM kA ullekha kiyA hai| ye phalasUciyA~ eka-dUsarI se pUrNatayA nahIM miltiiN| Apastamba dvArA prastuta sUcI, jo sambhavataH atyanta prAcIna hai, yahA~ prastuta kI jA rahI hai-kRSNapakSa kI pratyeka tithi meM kiyA gayA zrAddha krama se adholikhita phala detA hai-saMtAna (mukhyataH kanyAe~ kRSNapakSa kI pratipadA ko), putra jo cora hoMge, putra jo vedajJa aura vaidika vratoM ko karanevAle hoMge, putra jinheM choTe gharelU pazu prApta hoMge, bahuta-se putra jo (apanI vidyA se) yazasvI hoMge aura kartA saMtatihIna nahIM maregA, bahuta bar3A yAtrI evaM juArI, kRSi meM saphalatA, samRddhi, eka khura vAle pazu, vyApAra meM lAbha, kAlA lauha, kA~sA evaM sIsA, pazu se yukta putra, bahuta-se putra evaM bahuta-se mitra tathA zIghra hI mara jAnevAle sundara lar3ake, zastroM meM saphalatA (caturdazI ko) evaM sampatti (amAvAsyA ko)| gArgya (parA0 mA0 112, pR0 324) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki nandA, zukravAra, kRSNapakSa kI trayodazI, janma nakSatra aura isake eka dina pUrva evaM pazcAt vAle nakSatroM meM zrAddha nahIM karanA cAhie, kyoMki putroM evaM sampatti ke naSTa ho jAne kA Dara hotA hai| anuzAsana parva ne vyavasthA dI hai ki jo vyakti trayodazI ko zrAddha karatA hai vaha pUrvajoM meM zreSTha pada kI prApti karatA hai kintu usake phalasvarUpa ghara ke yuvA vyakti mara jAte haiN| viSNudha0 sU0 (77 / 1-6) dvArA varNita dinoM meM kiye jAnevAle zrAddha naimittika haiM aura jo viziSTa tithiyoM evaM saptAha ke dinoM meM kucha nizcita icchAoM kI pUrti ke lie kiye jAte haiM, ve kAmya zrAddha kahe jAte haiN| parA0 mA0 (1 / 1, pR0 63) ke mata se nitya karmoM kA sampAdana saMskAraka (jo mana ko pavitra banA de aura use zubha karmoM kI ora prerita kare) kahA jAtA hai, kintu kucha paristhitiyoM meM yaha apratyakSa antahita rahasya (parama tattva) kI jAna (2003121)kA kahanA hai ki vaha zrAva, jisameM hAthI ke kAna paMkhA jhalane kA kAma karate haiM, sahasroM kalpa taka saMtuSTi detA hai| aparArka (pR0 427) ne mahAbhArata se uddharaNa dekara kahA hai ki varSA Rtu meM gaja kI chAyA meM aura gaja ke kAnoM dvArA paMkhA jhalate samaya bAda kiyA jAtA hai, isameM jo mAMsa arpita kiyA jAtA hai vaha lohita raMga ke bakare kA hotA hai|

Page #225
1218 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa kArI kI amikAMkSA mI utpanna kara detA hai ( arthAt yaha 'vividiSA janaka' hai, jaisA ki gItA 9 / 27 meM saMketa kiyA gayA hai ) / jaimini 0 ( 6 / 3 / 1-7) ne siddha kiyA hai ki nitya karma (yathA agnihotra, darza- pUrNamAsa yAga) avazya karane cAhie, bhale hI kartA unake kucha upakRtyoM ko sampAdita karane meM asamartha ho; unhoMne ( 6 / 3 / 8-10 ) punaH vyavasthA dI hai ki kAya kRtyoM ke sabhI bhAga sampAdita hone cAhie aura yadi kartA socatA hai ki vaha sabakA sampAdana karane meM asamartha hai to use kAmya kRtya karane hI nahIM cAhie / viSNugha0 sU0 (78 / 1-7) kA kathana hai ki ravivAra ko zrAddha karanevAlA rogoM se sadA ke lie chuTakArA pA jAtA hai aura ve jo soma, maMgala, budha, bRhaspati, zukra evaM zani ko zrAddha karate haiM, krama se saukhya ( yA prazaMsA ), yuddha meM vijaya, sabhI icchAoM kI pUrti, abhISTa jJAna, dhana evaM lambI Ayu prApta karate haiM / kUrma0 (220, 16-17) ne bhI saptAha ke katipaya dinoM meM sampAdita zrAddhoM se utpanna phala kA ullekha kiyA hai| viSNudha0 sU0 (78/8-15) ne kRttikA se bharaNI ( abhijit ko bhI sammilita karate hue) taka ke 28 nakSatroM meM sampAdita zrAddhoM se utpanna phaloM kA ullekha kiyA hai| aura dekhie yAjJa0 (1 / 265-268), vAyu0 (82), mArkaNDeya 0 (30 / 8-16), kUrma0 (220/9-15), brahma0 (220 / 33-42) evaM brahmANDa 0 ( upodghAtapAda 18/1 ) / kintu inameM mataikya nahIM pAyA jAtA, jisakA ullekha yahA~ nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai| agni0 (117 / 61) meM AyA hai ki ve zrAddha jo kisI tIrtha yA yugAdi evaM manvAdi dinoM meM kiye jAte haiM ( pitaroM ko ) akSaya saMtuSTi dete haiN| viSNupurANa (3 / 14112-13), matsya 0 ( 17 / 4-5 ), padma0 (5/9/130 131), varAha0 (13 / 40-41), prajApatismRti (22) evaM skanda 0 (7 / 2 / 205133-34) kA kathana hai ki vaizAkha zukla tRtIyA, kArtika zukla navamI, bhAdrapada kRSNa trayodazI evaM mAgha kI amAvAsyA yugAdi tithiyA~ ( arthAt cAroM yugoM ke prathama dina) kahI jAtI haiM / matsya 0 ( 1716-8), agni0 ( 117 / 162 - 164 evaM 209 / 16 18 ), saurapurANa (51 / 3336), padma0 ( sRSTi 0 9 / 132-136) ne 14 manuoM ( yA manvantaroM) kI prathama tithiyA~ isa prakAra dI haiM--Azvina zukla navamI, kArtika zukla dvAdazI, caitra evaM bhAdrapada zukla tRtIyA, phAlguna kI amAvAsyA, pauSa zukla ekAdazI, ASAr3ha zukla dazamI evaM mAgha zukla saptamI, zrAvaNa kRSNa aSTamI, ASAr3ha, kArtika, phAlguna, caitra evaM jyeSTha kI pUrNimA | matsyapurANa kI sUcI smRtica0 ( 1, pRSTha 58), kRtyaratnAkara ( pR0 543), parA0 bhA0 ( 1 1 pR0 156 evaM 12 pR0 311 ) evaM madanapArijAta ( pR0 540 ) meM uddhRta hai / skanda0 (7 / 1 / 205-36-39) evaM smRtyarthasAra ( pR0 9) meM krama kucha bhinna hai / skandapurANa (nAgara khaNDa) meM zveta se lekara tIsa kalpoM kI prathama tithiyA~ zrAddha ke lie upayukta ThaharAyI gayI haiM, jinheM hama yahA~ nahIM de rahe haiM / Apa0 gha0 sU0 (7 / 17 / 23-25), manu ( 3 / 280), viSNu gha0 sU0 (77 / 8-9), kUrma0 ( 2 / 16 / 3-4), brahmANDa 0 ( 3 / 14 / 3), bhaviSya 0 ( 1 / 185 / 1) ne rAtri, sandhyA (godhUli - kAla), yA jaba sUrya kA turata udaya huA ho taba - aise kAloM meM zrAddha-sampAdana manA kiyA hai, kintu candragrahaNa ke samaya chUTa dI hai| Apa0 ne itanA jor3a diyA hai ki yadi zrAddha sampAdana aparAhna meM Arambha huA ho aura kisI kAraNa se dera ho jAya tathA sUrya DUba jAya to kartA ko zrAddha sampAdana ke zeSa kRtya dUsare dina karane cAhie aura use darmoM para piNDa rakhane taka upavAsa karanA cAhie / viSNu gha0 sU0 kA kathana hai grahaNa ke samaya kiyA gayA zrAddha pitaroM ko taba taka santuSTa karatA hai jaba taka candra evaM tAroM kA astitva hai aura kartA kI sabhI suvidhAoM evaM sabhI icchAoM kI pUrti hotI hai / yahI kUrma0 kA kathana hai ki jo vyakti grahaNa ke samaya zrAddha nahIM karatA vaha paMka meM par3I huI gAya ke samAna DUba jAtA hai ( arthAt use pApa lagatA hai yA usakA nAza ho jAtA hai)| mitAkSarA (yAjJa0 1 / 217) ne sAvadhAnI ke sAtha nirdezita kiyA hai ki yadyapi grahaNoM ke samaya bhojana karanA niSiddha hai, tathApi yaha niSiddhatA kevala bhojana karane vAle ( una brAhmaNoM ko jo

Page #226
aparAhna, kutapa, rauhiNa kAla; zrAddha ke yogya sthAna 1219 grahaNa kAla meM zrAddha bhojana karate haiM) ko prabhAvita karatI hai kintu kartA ko nahIM, jo usase acche phaloM kI prApti karatA hai / " 28 zrAddhakAla ke lie mana ( 3 / 278) dvArA vyavasthita aparAhna ke artha ke viSaya meM aparArka ( pR0 465), hemAdri ( pR0 313 ) evaM anya lekhakoM tathA nibandhoM meM vidvattApUrNa vivecana upasthita kiyA gayA hai| kaI mata prakAzita kiye gaye haiN| kucha logoM ke mata se madhyAhna ke uparAnta dina kA zeSAMza aparAhna hai / pUrvAhna zabda R0 ( 10|34|11 ) meM AyA hai / kucha logoM ne zatapathabrAhmaNa ( 2/4/28 ) ke 'pUrvAhna devoM ke lie, madhyAhna manuSyoM evaM aparAhna pitaroM ke lie hai, isa kathana ke AdhAra para kahA hai ki dina ko tIna bhAgoM meM bA~Ta dene para antima bhAga aparAhna kahA jAtA hai| tIsarA mata yaha hai ki pAMca bhAgoM meM vibhakta dina kA cauthA bhAga aparAhna hai| isa mata ko mAnane vAle zata0 brA0 (2| 2 / 3 / 9) para nirbhara haiN| dina ke pA~ca bhAga ye haiM- prAtaH, saMgava, madhyandina ( madhyAhna), aparAhna evaM sAyAhna (sAyaM yA astagamana) / inameM prathama tIna spaSTa rUpa se R0 (5/76 / 3 ) meM ullikhita haiM / prajApatismRti ( 156-157) meM AyA hai ki inameM pratyeka bhAga tIna muhUrtoM taka rahatA hai ( dina 15 muhUrtoM meM bA~TA jAtA hai)| isane Age kahA hai ki kutapa sUryodaya ke uparAnta AThavA~ muhUrta hai aura zrAddha ko kutapa meM Arambha karanA cAhie tathA use rauhiNa muhUrta ke Age nahIM le jAnA cAhie, zrAddha ke lie pA~ca muhUrta (AThaveM se bArahaveM taka) adhikatama yogya kAla hai| tapazabda ke ATha artha haiM jaisA ki smRtica0 ( zrAddha pR0 433) evaM hemAdri ( zrAddha, pa0 320 ) ne kahA hai| yaha zabda 'ku' ( nindita arthAt pApa) evaM 'tapa' (jalAnA) se banA hai| 'kutapa' ke ATha artha ye haiM-- madhyAhna, khaDgapAtra (geMDe ke sIMga kA banA pAtra), nepAla kA kambala, rUpA (cA~dI), darbha, tila, gAya evaM dauhitra ( kanyA kA putra ) | sAmAnya niyama yaha hai ki zrAddha aparAhna meM kiyA jAtA hai ( kintu yaha niyama amAvAsyA, mahAlaya, aSTakA evaM anvaSTakA ke zrAddhoM ke lie prayukta hotA hai), kintu vRddhizrAddha aura AmazrAddha ( jisameM kevala anna kA arpaNa hotA hai ) prAtaH kAla kiye jAte haiM / isa viSaya meM medhAtithi ( manu 3 / 254 ) ne eka smRtivacana uddhRta kiyA hai| " trikANDamaNDana (2 / 150 evaM 162 ) meM AyA hai ki yadi mukhya kAla meM zrAddha karanA sambhava na ho to usake pazcAt vAle gauNa kAla meM use karanA cAhie, kintu kRtya ke mukhya kAla evaM sAmagrI saMgrahaNa ke kAla meM prathama ko hI varIyatA denI cAhie aura sabhI mukhya dravyoM ko ekatra karane ke lie gauNa kAla ke atirikta anya kAryoM meM usakI pratIkSA nahIM karanI caahie| aba hama zrAddha sampAdana ke upayukta sthala ke viSaya meM kucha likheNge| manu (2/206 -207) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki kartA ko prayAsa karake dakSiNa kI ora DhAlU bhUmi khojanI cAhie, jo pavitra ho aura jahA~ manuSya adhikatara na jAte hoM; usa bhUmi ko gobara se lIpa denA cAhie, kyoMki pitara loga vAstavika svaccha sthaloM, nadI-taToM evaM usa sthAna para kiye gaye zrAddha se prasanna hote haiM jahA~ loga bahudhA kama jAte haiN| yAjJa0 (1 / 227) ne saMkSipta rUpa se kahA hai ki zrAddha 28. na ca naktaM zrAddhaM kurvIta / Aramdhe cAbhojanamA samApanAt / anyatra rAhudarzanAt / Apa0 gha0 sU0 (2/7/ 17 / 23-25); naktaM tu varjayecchrAddhaM rAhoranyatra darzanAt / sarvasvenApi kartavyaM kSipraM vai rAhudarzane / uparAge na kuryAdyaH paGke gauriva sIdati / / kUrma 0 ( 2 / 16-3 / 4) / yadyapi 'candrasUrya grahe nAdyAt' iti grahaNe bhojananiSedhastathApi bhokturdoSo vAturamyudayaH / mitA0 ( yAza0 1 / 217-218 ) / 29. pUrvA vaivikaM kAryamaparAhNe tu paitRkam / ekoddiSTaM tu madhyAhne prAtarvRddhinimittakam / medhAtithi ( man 3 / 243) / dIpakalikA (yAza0 1 / 226) ne isa zloka ko vAyupurANa ke zloka ke rUpa meM uddhRta kiyA hai| 81

Page #227
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa 1220 sthala caturdik se AvRta, pavitra evaM dakSiNa kI ora DhAlU honA caahie| zaMkha ( parA0 mA0 1 2, pR0 303 zrA0 pra0, pR0 140; smRtica0, zrAddha, pR0 385) kA kathana hai- 'bailoM, hAthiyoM evaM ghor3oM kI pITha para, U~cI bhUmi yA dUsare kI bhUmi para zrAddha nahIM karanA caahie|' kUrma0 (2/22/17 ) meM AyA hai-vana, puNya parvata, tIrthasthAna, mandirainake nizcita svAmI nahIM hote aura ye kisI kI vaiyaktika sampatti nahIM haiM / yama ne vyavasthA dI hai ki yadi koI kisI anya ko bhUmi para apane pitaroM kA zrAddha karatA hai to usa bhUmi ke svAmI ke pitaroM dvArA vaha zrAddha kRtya naSTa kara diyA hai| ataH vyakti ko pavitra sthAnoM, nadI-taToM aura vizeSataH apanI bhUmi para parvata ke pAsa ke latAkuMjoM evaM parvata ke Upara zrAddha karanA cAhie / " viSNudharmasUtra (adhyAya 85 ) ne kaI pavitra sthaloM kA ullekha kiyA hai aura jor3A hai--' inameM evaM anya tIrthoM, bar3I nadiyoM, sabhI prAkRtika bAlukA-taToM, jharanoM ke nikaTa, parvatoM, kuMjoM, vanoM, nikuMjoM evaM gobara se lipe sundara sthaloM para ( zrAddha karanA cAhie ) / ' zaMkha ( 14 / 27-29 ) ne likhA hai ki jo bhI kucha pavitra vastu gayA, prabhAsa, puSkara, prayAga, naimiSa vana (sarasvatI nadI para ), gaMgA, yamunA evaM payoSNI para, amarakaMTaka, narmadA, kAzI, kurukSetra, bhRgutuMga, himAlaya, saptaveNI, RSikUpa meM dI jAtI hai vaha akSaya hotI hai / brahmapurANa (220/5-7 ) ne bhI nadItIroM, tAlAboM, parvatazikharoM evaM puSkara jaise pavitra sthaloM ko zrAddha ke lie ucita sthala mAnA hai / To (adhyAya 77) evaM matsya 0 (22) meM bhI zrAddha ke lie pUta sthaloM, dezoM, parvatoM kI lambI sUciyA~ pAyI jAtI haiM / pavitra sthAnoM ke viSaya meM hama eka pRthak adhyAya (tIrtha varNana ) meM likheMge / viSNudharmasUtra ( a0 84 ) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki mlecchadeza meM na to zrAddha karanA cAhie aura na jAnA cAhie; usameM puna: kahA gayA hai ki mlecchadeza vaha hai jisameM cAra varNoM kI paramparA nahIM pAyI jaatii| vAyupurANa ne vyavasthA dI hai ki trizaMku deza, jisakA bAraha yojana vistAra hai, jo mahAnadI ke uttara aura kIkaTa ( magadha ) ke dakSiNa hai, zrAddha ke lie yogya nahIM hai| isI prakAra kAraskara, kaliMga, siMdhu ke uttara kA deza aura ve sabhI deza jahA~ varNAzrama vyavasthA nahIM pAyI jAtI, zrAddha ke lie yathAsAdhya tyAga dene caahie| brahmapurANa (22018 - 10) ne kucha sImA taka eka vicitra bAta kahI hai ki nimnalikhita dezoM meM zrAddha Tarma kA yathAsaMbhava parihAra karanA cAhie -- kirAta deza, kaliMga, koMkaNa, krimi (krivi ? ), dazArNa, kumArya ( kumArI antarIpa ), taMgaNa, Rtha, siMdhu nadI ke uttarI taTa, narmadA kA dakSiNI taTa evaM karatoyA kA pUrvI bhAga / mArkaNDeyapurANa (29 / 19 = zrA0 pra0, pR0 139 ) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki zrAddha ke lie usa bhUmi ko tyAga denA cAhie jo kITa-pataMgoM se yukta, rUkSa, agni se dagdha hai, jisameM karNakaTu dhvani hotI hai, jo dekhane meM bhayaMkara aura durgandha - pUrNa hai / prAcIna kAla se hI kucha vyaktiyoM evaM pazuoM ko zrAddhasthala se dUra rakhane ko kahA gayA hai, unheM zrAddhakRtya ko 30. gogajAzvAdipRSTheSu kRtrimAyAM tathA bhuvi / na kuryAcchrAddhameteSu pArakyAsu ca bhUmiSu // zaMkha ( parA0 mA0 112, pR0 303 ; zra0 pra0, pR0 140 smRtica0 zrA0, pR0 395 ) / aTavyaH parvatAH puNyAstIrthAnyAyatanAni ca / sarvANyasvAmikAnyAhunaM hyeteSu parigrahaH // kUrma0 (2 / 22 / 17) / aparArka ( pR0 471), kalpataru ( zrAddha, pU0 115 ) evaM zra0 pra0 (10 148) ne aisA hI zloka yama se uddhRta kiyA hai- yamaH / parakIyapradezeSu pitRRNAM nirvapettu yaH / tadbhUmisvAmipitRbhiH zrAddhakarma vihanyate // tasmAcchrAddhAni deyAni puSyeSvAyataneSu ca / nadItIreSu tIrtheSu svabhUmau ca prayatnataH / upahvaranikuMjeSu tathA parvatasAnuSu // aparArka ( pu0 471), kalpataru ( zrAddha, pU0 115) / milAie kUrma0 (2 / 22 / 16) /

Page #228
ena ke samaya darzanIya prANI; zrAddhoM kA vargIkaraNa 1221 dekhane yA anya prakAroM se vighna DAlane kI anumati nahIM hai / gautama (15 / 25-28) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki kuttoM, cANDAloM evaM mahApAtakoM ke aparAdhiyoM se dekhA gayA bhojana apavitra ( ayogya) ho jAtA hai, isalie zrAddha karma ghire hue sthala meM kiyA jAnA cAhie; yA kartA ko usa sthala ke caturdik tila bikhera dene cAhie yA kisI yogya brAhmaNa ko, jo apanI upasthiti se paMkti ko pavitra kara detA hai, usa doSa (kuttA yA cANDAla dvArA dekhe gaye bhojana Adi doSa) ko dUra karane ke lie zAnti kA sampAdana karanA caahie| Apa0 gha0 sU0 ne kahA hai ki vidvAn logoM ne kuttoM, patitoM, kor3hI, khalvATa vyakti, paradArA se yauna-saMbaMdha rakhanevAle vyakti, AyudhajIvI brAhmaNa ke putra tathA zUdrA se utpanna brAhmaNaputra dvArA dekhe gaye zrAddha kI bhartsanA kI hai-yadi ye loga zrAddha-bhojana karate haiM to ve usa paMkti meM baiThakara khAnevAle vyaktiyoM ko azuddha kara dete haiN| manu ( 3 / 239-242) ne kahA hai - cANDAla, gA~va ke sUara yA murgA, kuttA, rajasvalA evaM klIba ko bhojana karate samaya brAhmaNoM ko dekhane kI anumati nahIM milanI caahie| ina logoM dvArA yadi homa ( agnihotra ), dAna (gAya evaM sone kA ) kRtya dekha liyA jAya, yA jaba brAhmaNa bhojana kara rahe hoM taba yA kisI dhArmika kRtya (darza - pUrNamAsa Adi) ke samaya yA zrAddha ke samaya aise logoM kI dRSTi par3a jAya to saba kucha phalahIna ho jAtA hai| sUara devoM yA pitaroM ke lie arpita bhojana ko kevala sUMghakara, murgA bhAgatA huA yA ur3atA huA, kuttA kevala dRSTinikSepa se evaM nIca jAti sparza se ( usa bhojana ko ) azuddha kara dete haiN| yadi kartA kA naukara la~gar3A, aiMcAtAnA, adhika yA kama aMgavAlA (11 yA 9 Adi aMguliyoM vAlA) ho to use zrAddha sampAdana sthala se bAhara kara denA cAhie / anuzAsana parva meM AyA hai ki rajasvalA yA putrahInA nArI yA caraka prasta ( zvitrI) dvArA zrAddhabhojana nahIM dekhA jAnA cAhie / viSNudha0 sU0 (82/3 ) meM zrAddha ke nikaTa Ane kI anumati na pAnevAle 30 vyaktiyoM kI sUcI hai| kUrma 0 ( 2 / 22 / 34-35 ) kA kathana hai ki kisI aMgahIna, pati, kor3hI, pUyatraNa ( pake hue ghAva ) se grasta, nAstika, murgA, sUara, kuttA Adi ko zrAddha se dUra rakhanA cAhie nRNAspada rUpa vAle, apavitra, vastrahIna, pAgala, juArI, rajasvalA, nIla raMga yA pIta-lohita vastra dhAraNa karane vAloM evaM nAstikoM ko zrAddha se dUra rakhanA cAhie / mArkaNDeya 0 ( 32120-24), vAyu0 (78226-40), viSNupurANa ( 3 / 16 / 12-14) evaM anuzAsana parva ( 9114344) meM bhI lambI sUciyA~ dI huI haiM kintu hama unheM yahA~ nahIM de rahe haiN| skandapurANa (6:217 / 43 ) ne bhI likhA hai ki kutte, rajasvalA, patita evaM varAha ( sUara ) ko zrAddhakRtya dekhane kI anumati nahIM denI cAhie / zrAddhoM kA vargIkaraNa zrAddhoM kA vargIkaraNa kaI prakAra se kiyA gayA hai| vargIkaraNa kA eka prakAra hai nitya, naimittika evaM kAmya / isake viSaya meM Upara hamane par3ha liyA hai| dUsarA hai ekoddiSTa evaM pArvaNa", jinameM pahalA eka mRta vyakti ke lie kiyA jAtA hai aura dUsarA mAsa kI amAvAsyA, yA Azvina kRSNapakSa meM, yA saMkrAti para kiyA jAtA hai aura isameM mukhyataH tIna 31. dekhie ina donoM kI vyAkhyA ke lie isa grantha kA khaNDa 3, adhyAya 29 / ekaH uddiSTaH yasmin zrAddhe tadeoddiSTamiti karmanAmadheyam / mitA0 ( yAjJa0 1 / 251 ) ; tatra tripuruSoddezena yat kriyate tatpArvaNam / ekapuruSoddezena kriyamANamekoddiSTam / mitAkSarA ( yAjJa0 1 / 217) / 'pArvaNa' kA artha hai 'kisI parva dina meM smpaavit|' viSNupurANa ( 3 / 11 / 118 ) ke mata se parva dina ye haiM-- amAvAsyA, pUrNimA, caturdazI, aSTamI evaM saMkrAnti / bhaviSyapurANa ( zrAddhatatva, pR0 192 ) ne pArvaNa zrAddha kI paribhASA yoM kI hai- 'amAvAsyAM yatkriyate pArvaNamudAhRtam / kriyate vA parvaNi yattatpArvaNamiti sthitiH // '

Page #229
1222 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa pUrva puruSoM kA AvAhana hotA hai| bRhaspati (rudradhara kA zrAddhaviveka) ne manu dvArA ghoSita zrAddhoM kI pAMca koTiyA~ kahI haiM ---nitya, naimittika, kAmya, vRddhi evaM paarvnn| zrAddhaviveka kA kathana hai ki naimittika meM solaha preta-bAba hote haiM aura goSThI-zrAddha-jaise zrAddha jo anya smRtiyoM meM ullikhita haiM, pArvaNa thAddhoM meM gine jAte haiN| kUrmapurANa (2 / 20 / 26) ne isI prakAra pA~ca zrAddhoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| mitAkSarA (yAjJa0 1 / 217) ne pA~ca zrAddhoM ke nAma diye haiM-aharahaH-zrAddha, pArvaNa, vRddhi, ekoddiSTa evaM spinnddiikrnn| manu (3|82=shNkh 13 / 16 evaM matsya0 16 / 4) ne aharahaH-zrAddha ko vaha zrAddha mAnA hai jo prati dina bhojana (pake hue cAvala yA jau Adi) yA jala yA dUdha, phaloM evaM mUloM ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai| bahuta-se granthoM dvArA uddhRta vizvAmitra ke do zlokoM meM bAraha prakAra ke zrAddha ullikhita haiM-nitya, naimittika, kAmya, vRddhi-zrAddha (putrotpatti, vivAha yA kisI zubha ghaTanA para kiyA jAnevAlA), sapiNDana (sapiNDIkaraNa), pArvaNa, goSThIzrAddha, zuddhizrAddha, kAga, daivika, yAtrA-zrAddha, pusstti-shraaddh| kucha graMthoM meM inakI paribhASA bhaviSyapurANa se dI gayI hai| sapiNDana evaM pArvaNa kI vyAkhyA nIce dI jaaygii| zeSa, jinakI paribhASA abhI taka nahIM dI gayI hai, vaha nimna hai-goSThIbAra vaha hai jo kisI vyakti dvArA zrAddha ke viSaya meM carcA karane ke kAraNa prerita hokara kiyA jAtA hai yA jaba bahuta se vidvAn loga kisI pavitra sthAna para ekatra hote haiM aura alaga-alaga bhojana pakAnevAle pAtroM kA milanA unake lie asambhava ho jAtA hai aura ve mila-julakara zrAddha ke sambhAra (sAmagriyA~) ekatra karate haiM aura eka sAtha apane pitaroM kI saMtuSTi ke lie evaM apane ko Ananda dene ke lie zrAddha karate haiM, taba vaha goSThIzrAddha kahalAtA hai| zaddhi zrAddha vaha hai jisameM kisI pApa ke aparAdhI hone ke kAraNa yA prAyazcitta na karane ke kAraNa (vaha prAyazcitta kA eka sahAyaka vrata hai) vyakti zuddhi kA kRtya karake brahmabhoja detA hai| use karmAga kahA jAtA hai jo garbhAdhAna saMskAra yA kisI yajJa-sampAdana yA sImantonnayana evaM puMsavana ke samaya kiyA jAtA hai| use daivika bhAra kahA jAtA hai jo devatAoM ko prasanna karane ke lie kiyA jAtA hai (yaha nitya-zrAddha ke samAna hai aura yajJiya bhojana ke sAtha saptamI yA dvAdazI ko kiyA jAtA hai) / jaba koI dUra deza kI yAtrA karate samaya zrAddha karatA hai, jisameM brAhmaNoM ko paryApta mAtrA meM ghRta diyA jAtA hai yA jaba vaha apane ghara ko lauTa AtA hai aura zrAddha karatA hai taba use yAtrA-zrAba kahate haiN| vaha puSTi-bAda kahalAtA hai jo zarIra ke svAsthya (yA moTe hone ke lie jaba koI auSadha sevana kI jAtI hai) yA dhana-vRddhi ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| ina bArahoM meM mukhya haiM pArvaNa, ekoddiSTa, vRddhi evaM spinnddn| zivabhaTTa ke putra govinda aura raghunAtha ne 'SaNNavati zrAddha' nAmaka grantha meM ina sabakA saMgraha kiyA hai| eka varSa meM kiye jAne vAle 96 zrAddha saMkSipta rUpa meM ye haiM-varSa kI 12 amAvAsyAoM para 12 zrAddha, yugAdi dinoM para 4 zrAddha, manvantarAdi para 14 zrAddha, saMkrAMtiyoM ke 12 zrAddha, dhRti (vaidhRti) nAmaka yoga para 13 zrAddha, vyatIpAta yoga para 13 zrAddha, 16 mahAlaya zrAddha, 4 anvaSTakA dina, 4 aSTakA dina aura cAra anya dina (hemanta evaM zizira ke mahInoM ke kRSNapakSa kI 4 sptmii)| ina vargIkaraNoM evaM zrAddha-sUciyoM se yaha prakaTa ho jAtA hai ki kisa prakAra zrAddhoM kA siddhAnta zatAbdiyoM se bahatA huA Atizayya kI sImA ko pAra kara gyaa| kahanA na hogA ki kucha hI loga varSa meM itane zrAddha karane meM lavalIna rahe hoMge aura adhikAMza meM loga mahAlaya zrAddha yA do-eka aura zrAddha karake saMtuSTa ho jAte rahe hoNge| yaha jJAtavya hai ki manu (3 / 122) ne prathamataH pratyeka mAsa kI amAvAsyA para bar3e parimANa meM zrAddha karane kI vyavasthA dI thI, kintu yaha samajhakara ki yaha saba ke lie sambhava nahIM hai, unhoMne varSa meM (hemanta, grISma evaM varSA meM) tIna amAvasyAoM para hI bar3e paimAne para zrAddha karane kI vyavasthA dI aura kahA ki prati dina vaha zrAddha karanA cAhie jo paJcamahAyajJoM meM sammilita hai| devala kucha paga Age cale gaye haiM aura unhoMne kahA hai ki varSa meM kevala eka hI zrAddha bar3e paimAne para kiyA jA sakatA hai|

Page #230
zrAva meM bhojanIya brAhmaNoM kI yogyatA 1223 zrAddha-bhojana ke lie AmaMtrita loga aba hama zrAddha ke brahmabhoja ke lie AmaMtrita brAhmaNoM kI yogyatAoM ke prazna para vicAra kreNge| zrAddha kA kartA cAhe jo bhI ho, zrAddhabhojana ke lie AmaMtraNa pAne ke adhikArI kevala brAhmaNa hI hote haiN| isa viSaya meM bahuta se granthoM ne brAhmaNoM kI prazastiyA~ gAyI haiM, jina para hama yahA~ vicAra nahIM kareMge, kyoMki ise hamane isa grantha ke khaNDa 2, adhyAya 2 evaM 3 meM vistAra ke sAtha dekha liyA hai| yaha jJAtavya hai ki gRhyasUtroM meM bahuta kama yogyatAeM varNita haiM kintu smRtiyoM evaM purANoM ke kAla meM nimantrita honevAle logoM kI yogyatAoM kI sUciyA~ bar3hatI hI calI gyiiN| udAharaNArtha Azva0 gR0 (4 / 7 / 2)22, zAMkhA0 gR0 (4 / 1 / 2), Apa0 gR0 (8 / 21 / 2), Apa0 gha0 sU0 (2 / 7 / 17 / 4), hiraNyakezI ga0 (2 / 10 / 2), baudhA0 gR0 (2 / 10 / 5-6 evaM 2 / 8 / 2-3), gautama (15 / 9) ne kahA hai ki AmaMtrita brAhmaNoM ko vedajJa, atyanta saMyamI (krodha evaM vAsanAoM se mukta tathA mana evaM indriyoM para saMyama karanevAle) evaM zaddhAcaraNa vAle, pavitra honA cAhie aura unheM na to kisI aMga se hIna honA cAhie aura na adhika aMga (yathA 6 aMgulI) vAle honA caahie| Apa0 dha0 sU0 kA kahanA hai ki jisane una tIna vaidika mantroM ko par3ha liyA hai jinameM 'madhu' zabda AtA hai (R0 1190 / 6-8, vAja0 saM0 13 / 27-29 evaM tai0 saM0 4 / 2 / 9 / 3), jisane trisuparNa par3ha liyA hai, jo triNAciketa hai, jisane cAroM yajJoM (azvamegha, puruSamegha, sarvamedha evaM pitRmegha) meM prayukta honevAle maMtroM kA adhyayana kara liyA hai yA jisane ye cAroM yajJa kara liye haiM, jo pA~coM agniyoM ko prajvalita rakhatA hai, jo jyeSTha sAma jAnatA hai, jo vedAdhyayana ke pratidina kA kartavya karatA hai, jo vedajJa kA putra hai aura aMgoM ke sAtha sampUrNa veda par3hA sakatA hai aura jo zrotriya hai-ye sabhI zrAddha ke samaya bhojana karanevAloM kI paMkti ko pavitra kara dete haiN| paMktipAvana (jo loga bhojana karanevAloM kI paMkti ko 32. brAhmaNAn zrutazIlavRttasaMpannAnekena vaa| Azva0 gR0 (4 / 7 / 2); brAhmaNAn zucIn mantravataH samaMgAnayuja aamntryte| yonigotrAsambandhAt / nAryAvakSo bhojayet / hira0 gR0 (2 / 10 / 2); trimastrisuparNastriNAciketazcaturmedhaH paJcAgnijyeSThasAmiko vedAdhyAyyanUcAnaputraH zrotriya ityete zrAddha bhujAnAH paMktipAvanA bhvnti| Apa0 gha0 sU0 (2 / 7 / 17-22) / 'trisuparNa' zabda, haradatta ke mata se, 'brahmametu mAm' (le0 A0 10 // 48-50) se Arambha honevAle tIna anuvAkoM meM yA 'catuHzikhaNDA yuvatiH supezAH' (ta0 brA0 sh2|1|27) yA R0 (101114 // 3-5) se Arambha honevAloM kA nAma hai| 'triNAciketa' ko tIna prakAra se vyAkhyApita kiyA gayA hai-(1) jo nAciketa agni ko jAnatA hai, (2) vaha vyakti jisane nAciketa agni ko tIna bAra prajvalita kiyA hai evaM (3) vaha jisane 'viraja nAmaka anuvAka par3ha DAlA hai| 'nAciketa' agni ke lie dekhie kaThopaniSad (1 / 1 / 16-18) / "triNAciketa' zabda kaThopaniSad (1 / 1 / 17) meM AyA hai aura zaMkara ne use isa prakAra samajhAyA hai--'triH kRtvA nAciketo'gnizcito yena saH triNAciketAstadvijJAnastadadhyayanastadanaSThAnavAna vaa|' brA0 (3 / 2 / 7-8) ne nAciketa agni ko gAthA kA ullekha kiyA hai| pAMca agniyA~ ye haiM--gArhapatya, AhavanIya, dakSiNAgni, Avasathya (yA aupAsana) tathA smy| dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 17 / paMktipAvana, jyeSThasAmika Adi zabdoM kI vyAkhyAoM ke lie dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 22 / devala (zrA0 pra0, pR0 59) ne zrotriya kI paribhASA yoM kI hai--'ekA zAkhA sakalpAM vA SaDbhiraGgaradhItya vaa| SaTkarmanirato vipraH zrotriyo nAma dharmavit // ' pANini (5 / 2 / 84). ne zrotriya ko vyutpatti yoM kI hai-'shrotriyshchndodhiite|''ssttkrm' kA saMketa 'yajanayAjanAdhyayanAdhyApanapratigrahavAnAni kI ora hai|

Page #231
1224 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa pavitra karate haiM) ke viSaya meM gautama (5 / 28), baughA0 gha0 sU0 (22852), manu (3 / 185-186), yAjJa0 (11219) evaM varAhapurANa (14 / 2) ne bhI yahI kahA hai| anuzAsana parva (90 / 25-31), kUrma0 (2 / 21 / 1-14), matsya. (16 / 7-13), brahma (220 / 101-104), vAyu0 (79 / 56-59 evaM 83 / 52-55), skanda purANa (6 / 217 // 21-25) ne paMktipAvana brAhmaNoM kI lambI sUciyA~ dI haiN| hiraNyakezI gRhya (2 / 10 / 2), bau0 dha0 sU0 (21217), kUrma purANa (2 / 21 / 14) Adi kA kathana hai ki zrAddhakartA ko aisA vyakti AmaMtrita nahIM karanA cAhie jo vivAha se saMbaMdhita ho (yathA-mAmA) aura jo sagotra yA vedAdhyayana se sambandhita ho (arthAt guru yA ziSya), yA jo mitra ho, yA jisase vaha dhana kI sahAyatA pAne kA icchuka ho| manu (3 / 138-139) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki zrAddha-bhojana meM mitra ko nahIM bulAnA cAhie, (anya avasaroM para) bahumulya dAna dekara vyakti kisI ko mitra banA sakatA hai| zrAddha ke samaya aise brAhmaNa ko AmaMtrita karanA cAhie jo na mitra ho aura na zatru; jo vyakti kevala mitra banAne ke lie zrAddha karatA hai aura devArpaNa karatA hai, vaha una zrAddhoM yA arpaNoM dvArA mRtyu ke uparAnta koI phala nahIM paataa| kintu manu (3 / 144 kUrma 02 - 21-22) ne kahA hai vidvAn zatru kI apekSA bhitra ko AmaMtrita kiyA jA sakatA hai| manu (3 / 135-137 evaM 145147) ne kahA hai ki mukhya yA atyuttama niyama yaha hai ki zrAddha-bhojana unako diyA jAya jo AdhyAtmika jJAna meM lIna rahate hoN| jisane sampUrNa veda kA adhyayana kara liyA hai kintu jisakA pitA zrotriya na rahA ho aura jo svayaM zrotriya na ho kintu usakA pitA zrotriya ho ina donoM meM antima apekSAkRta adhika yogya hai| manu ne yaha bhI kahA hai ki aise vyakti ko zrAddha-bhojana dene kA prayatna karanA cAhie jo Rgveda kA anuyaay| ho, jisane usa veda ko sampUrNa par3ha liyA ho yA jo yajurveda kA anuyAyI ho aura usakI eka zAkhA kA adhyayana kara cukA ho yA sAmaveda gAnevAlA ho aura sAmaveda kA eka pATha par3ha cukA ho| yadi ina tInoM meM eka kA sammAnita kiyA jAya yA zrAddha ke samaya bhojana karAyA jAya to kartA ke pUrvaja sAta pIr3hiyoM taka dIrgha kAla ke lie saMtuSTi prApta karate haiN| hArIta (hemAdri, zrAddha, pR0 392 evaM kalpataru, zrAddha, pa066, 67) ne pAMkteya brAhmaNoM kI yogyatAoM kA varNana kiyA hai; yathA --- unheM ucca (cAra vizeSatAoM se sampanna) kula meM janma lenA cAhie, aura vidyA (6 prakAra kI) evaM zIla (13 prakAra ke caritra) evaM acche (16 prakAra ke) AcaraNa se sampanna honA caahie| zaMkha-likhita ne pAMkteya brAhmaNoM (paMkti arthAt bhojana karane vAloM kI paMkti se saMbaMdhita hone yogya) kI eka lambI sUcI dI hai|33 yathA--jo veda athavA vedAMgoM kA jJAtA hai; jo paMcAgniyA~ rakhatA hai; jo vedasvAdhyAyI hai; jo sAMkhya, yoga, upaniSadoM evaM dharmazAstra ko jAnatA hai; jisane triNAtriketa (agni), trimadhu (sUkta), trisuparNaka evaM jyeSTha sAma kA adhyayana kara liyA hai| jisane sAMkhyayoga, upaniSad evaM dharmazAstra par3ha liyA hai| jo vedapravaNa hai; jo sadA agnihotra karatA hai; jo mAtA-pitA kA AjJAkArI hai aura dharmazAstra-pravaNa hai (kalpa0, pR0 68; zrA0 pra0, pR.0 67) / aise hI niyama viSNudharmasUtra (83), bRhat parAzara (pR0 150), vRddha gautama (pR0 581), prajApati (70-72), laghu zAtAtapa (99 / 100), auzanasa smRti meM bhI pAye jAte haiN| medhAtithi (manu 33. shNkhlikhitaavpi| atha paaNkteyaaH| vedavedAGgavit paJcAgniranUcAnaH sAMkhyayogopaniSadharmazAstra. vicchotriyaH triNAciketaH trimadhuH trisuparNako jyesstthsaamgH| sAMkhyayogopaniSaddharmazAstrAdhyAyI vedaparaH sadAgniko mAtApitRzuzrUSurdharmazAstraratiH / iti / kalpataru (pR0 68) evaM zrA0pra0 (10 67) /

Page #232
zrAkha meM bhojanIya brAhmaNoM kI yogyatA 1225 33147)" ne uparyukta uktiyoM kA niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki vaisA vidvAn brAhmaNa, jisane veda kA adhyayana kara liyA hai, jo sAghu AcaraNa vAlA hai, jo prasiddha kula kA hai, jo zrotriya pitA kA putra hai aura jo kartA kA sambandhI nahIM hai, use avazya AmaMtrita karanA cAhie aura zeSa kevala arthavAda (prazaMsA mAtra) hai| manu (3 / 228) ne do bAteM kahI haiM; devoM aura pitaroM ke lie arpita bhojana kevala usI brAhmaNa ko denA cAhie jo vedajJa ho| jo vastu atyanta yogya brAhmaNa (vedajJa brAhmaNoM ke antargata) ko dI jAtI hai, usase sarvocca phala prApta hote haiN| isake uparAnta manu (3 / 183) ne udghoSa kiyA hai ki paMktipAvana brAhmaNa ve haiM jo bhojana karane vAloM kI usa paMkti ko pavitra karate haiM jisameM aise loga bhI pAye jAte haiM jo (apane antahita) una doSoM se yakta haiM jo unheM bhojana karane vAloM meM baiThane ke ayogya ThaharAte haiN| manu (3 / 184-186) ne paMktipAvana brAhmaNoM ke lakSaNa likhe haiM, yathAjo vedoM yA unake vizleSaka graMthoM ke zAkhAdhyAyiyoM meM sarvottama haiM aura avicchinna vaidika paraMparA ke kUla meM utpanna hae haiM aura jo triNAciketa agni ke jJAtA Adi haiN| hemAdri (zrAddha, pa0391-395) evaM kalpataru (zrAddha, pR.0 64-65) ne yama ke paMktipAvana-sambandhI katipaya zloka uddhRta kiye haiN| manu (3 / 147) kA kathana hai ki sarvottama vidhi yaha hai ki jo brAhmaNa sabhI lakSaNoM (manu 31132-146) ko pUrA karatA ho use hI AmaMtrita karanA cAhie, kintu yadi kisI aise brAhmaNa ko pAnA asambhava ho to anukalpa (usake badale kucha kama lakSaNa vAlI vidhi) kA pAlana karanA cAhie, arthAt kartA apane hI nAnA, mAmA, bahina ke putra, zvazura, veda-guru, dauhitra (putrI ke putra), dAmAda, kisI bandhu (yathA mausI ke putra), sAle yA sagotra yA kula-purohita yA ziSya ko bulA sakatA hai| aisI hI vyavasthAe~ yAjJa0 (11220), kUrma0 (uttarArdha 21 / 20), varAha0 (14 / 3), matsya0 (16 / 10-11), viSNupurANa (3 / 15 / 2-4 anukalpeSvanantarAn) meM bhI pAyI jAtI haiN| kintu manu ne sAvadhAna kiyA hai ki prathama sarvottama prakAra ke rahate hue jaba dUsare uttama prakAra kA sahArA liyA jAtA hai to pAralaukika phala kI prApti nahIM hotii|" yahA~ taka ki Apa0 dha0 sU0 (2 / 7 / 17 / 5-6) ne bhI spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki yadi dUsare logoM ke pAsa Avazyaka yogyatAe~ na hoM to, apane bhAI (sodarya) ko, jo sabhI guNoM (vedavidyA evaM anya sadAcAra Adi) se sampanna ho evaM ziSyoM ko zrAddha-bhojana denA caahie| bI0 dha0 sU0 (2 / 8 / 5) ne sapiNDoM ko bhI khilAne kI anumati dI hai| aisA lagatA hai ki gautama (15 / 20) ne bhI kahA hai ki dUsare guNayukta logoM ke abhAva meM uttama guNazAlI ziSyoM evaM sagotroM ko bhI Amantrita kara lenA caahie| Ajakala bhI vidvAn brAhmaNa zrAddha-bhojana meM sammilita hone meM anicchA prakaTa karate haiN| vizeSataH jaba vyakti (jisake lie zrAddha kiyA jAtA hai) tIna yA cAra varSa pahale hI mRta huA ho| smRtiyoM ne zrAddha-bhoja meM sammilita honevAle para doSa mar3ha diyA hai aura 34. zrotriyo vidvAn sAdhucaraNaH prakhyAtAbhijanaH zrotriyApatyamasambandhI bhojniiyH| pariziSTaM sarvamaryavAdArtham / medhAtithi (manu 33147) / 35. mukhyAbhAve yonuSThIyate pratinidhinyAyena so'nukalpa ucyte| medhA0 (manu 3 / 147) / amarakoza meM AyA hai-'mukhyaH syAtprathamaH kalpo'nukalpastu tto'dhmH|' prabhuH prathamakalpasya yo'nukalpena vartate / na sAmparAyika tasya durmavidyate phalam // manu (11 // 30 =zAMtiparva 165 / 17) / tantravAtika (pR0 191) meM bhI yaha uddhRta hai, kintu vahA~ dUsarI paMkti yoM hai-'sa nApnoti phalaM tasya paratreti vicAritam // ' 36. guNahAnyAM tu pareSAM samudetaH sodaoNpi bhojyitvyH| etenAntavAsino vyaakhyaataaH| Apa0 10 sU0 (2171715-6) /

Page #233
1226 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa prAyazcittoM kI vyavasthA de dI hai| udAharaNArtha, mitA0 (yAjJa0 2 / 289) ne bhAradvAja ke katipaya zloka uddhRta kiye haiM-'yadi koI brAhmaNa pArvaNa zrAddha meM bhojana karatA hai to use prAyazcitta-svarUpa cha: prANAyAma karane par3ate haiM, yadi vaha matyu ke tIna mAsoM se lekara eka varSa ke bhItara zrAddha-mojana karatA hai to use eka upavAsa karanA par3atA hai, yadi vaha vRddhi-zrAddha meM bhojana karatA hai to use tIna prANAyAma karane par3ate haiM aura yadi koI sapiNDana zrAddha meM khAtA hai to use eka dina evaM rAta kA upavAsa karanA par3atA hai| mitA0 ne dhaumya kA eka zloka uddhata kiyA hai, jisane patrotpatti yA sImantonnayana para kiye gaye zrAddha yA nava-zrAddha Adi meM bhojana karane para cAndrAyaNa vrata kI vyavasthA dI hai| aura dekhie isa viSaya meM nirNayasindhu (3, pR0 467-468) / varAhapurANa (189 / 12-13) meM AyA hai ki yadi koI brAhmaNa preta ko diyA gayA bhojana khAtA hai aura peTa meM usa bhojana ko liye hae mara jAtA hai to vaha eka kalpa taka bhayaMkara naraka meM rahatA hai, phira rAkSasa ho jAtA hai aura taba kabhI pApa se chuTakArA pAtA hai| gautama (15 / 10) ke mata se guNazAlI (Avazyaka guNoM se sampanna) yuvA vyaktiyoM ko vRddha logoM kI apekSA varIyatA milanI cAhie; kucha logoM ke mata se pitA ke zrAddha-bhoja meM navayuvakoM tathA pitAmaha ke zrAddha meM bUr3he logoM ko AmaMtrita karanA caahie| dUsarI ora Apa0 gha0 sU0 (2 / 7 / 17) kA kathana hai ki tulya guNa vAloM meM vRddhoM ko tathA buDDhoM meM jo daridra haiM aura dhanArjana ke icchuka haiM unheM varIyatA milanI cAhie (tulyaguNeSu vayovRddhaH zreyAn drvykRshshcepsn)| kucha grantha saMnyAsiyoM yA yogiyoM ko zrAddha meM AmaMtrita karane para bala dete haiN| viSNudha0 (83 / 19-20) ne yogiyoM ko vizeSa rUpa se paMktipAvana kahA hai aura pitaroM dvArA uccarita eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai-'hamAre kula meM koI (vaMzaja) utpanna ho, jo zrAddha meM brAhmaNa yogI ko khilAye, jisase hama svayaM saMtuSTa hote haiN|' varAhapurANa (14 / 50) meM yogI ko 100 brAhmaNoM se uttama kahA gayA hai| mArkaNDeya0 (29 / 29-30) meM AyA hai--samajhadAra vyakti ko zrAddha-bhojana meM sadaiva yogiyoM ko khilAnA cAhie, kyoMki pitara loga Azraya ke lie yoga para nirbhara rahate haiM; yadi sahasroM brAhmaNoM meM prathama baiThe hue yogI ko khilAyA jAtA hai to vaha yogI kartA (zrAddhakartA) evaM anya bhojana karanevAloM ko usI prakAra bacAtA hai jisa prakAra naukA jala meM se manuSyoM ko bacAtI hai| isake uparAnta usane rAjA aila ke lie pitaroM dvArA gAye gaye zlokoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai (29 / 32-34) / saurapurANa (19 / 2-3) ne guNoM yA yogyatAoM kA ullekha karane ke uparAnta yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki ekAgra mana se ziva kI pUjA karanevAlA vyakti zrAddha bhojana ke lie paryApta hai| ___ matsya0 (16 / 11-12) meM AyA hai jo vaidika mantroM kA vivecana karatA hai, jo zrauta yajJoM kA vicAra karatA hai aura jo sAma kI layoM ke niyamoM ko jAnatA hai, vaha paMktipAvana rUpa meM pavitra karanevAlA hai| sAmaveda meM pravINa, vaidika chAtra, vedajJa evaM brahmajJa-aise loga jisa zrAddha meM khilAye jAte haiM vaha sarvottama kalyANa denevAlA hai| upayukta vacanoM meM veda-jJAna para sabase adhika bala diyA gayA hai, kintu vedajJoM kA sadAcArI honA evaM niyamarata rahanA parama Avazyaka hai (Azva0 gR0 4 / 7 / 2, gautama 15 / 9 evaM manu 21118) / manu (2 / 118) meM AyA hai-'usa brAhmaNa ko jo kevala gAyatrI mantra jAnatA hai kintu niyamoM se yukta jIvana bitAtA hai, varIyatA milanI cAhie ; kintu use nahIM jo tInoM vedoM kA jJAtA hai kintu niyama-niyantrita nahIM hai aura jo cAhe (niSiddha yA varjita khAdya padArtha) khA letA hai tathA sabhI prakAra kI vastuoM kA vikretA hai|' skanda0 (6 / 217 / 27) meM AyA hai ki brAhmaNoM ke kula, unake zIla evaM avasthA ko jAnanA cAhie aura yaha dekhanA cAhie ki ve kisase vivAha karate haiM yA kinheM apanI putriyA~ dete haiM / brahmANDa 0 (upodghAta, a0 15) kA kathana hai ki ajJAta brAhmaNoM ke viSaya meM chAnabIna nahIM honI cAhie, kyoMki siddha yogI loga brAhmaNa ke rUpa meM vicaraNa kiyA karate haiN| kintu yadi brAhmaNa ke avagaNa binA kaThinAI ke jJAta ho jAyeMyA pAsa meM rahane ke

Page #234
dhADa meM bhojanIya brAhmaNoM kI yogyatA 1227 kAraNa kisI brAhmaNa ke doSa saralatApUrvaka jAna liye jAye to use nahIM Amantrita karanA cAhie (5 / 6) / isI purANa (upo015|24-26) ne varIyatA ke krama ko yoM rakhA hai-sarvaprathama yati (saMnyAsI), taba caturvedI brAhmaNa jo itihAsajJa bhI ho, taba trivedI, isake uparAnta dvivedI, taba ekavedI aura taba upaadhyaay| hemAdri (zrA0, pR0 443) ne agni0 ko isa prakAra uddhRta kiyA hai-kisI prasiddha kula meM janma lene se kyA lAbha hai, jaba ki vyakti vRttahIna (sadAcaraNarahita) ho? kyA sugandhayukta kusumoM meM kRmi (kIr3e) nahIM utpanna ho jAte ? jAtUkarNya kA kathana hai-devoM aura pitaroM ke kRtyoM meM caritrahIna brAhmaNoM se bAta bhI nahIM karanI cAhie, bhojana Adi dene kI to bAta hI dUsarI hai, bhale hI ve vidvAn hoM yA acche kula meM utpanna hue hoN|" yogyatA para itanA bala isalie diyA gayA hai ki zrAddha ke samaya pitara loga vAyavya rUpa dhAraNa kara brAhmaNoM meM praviSTa ho jAte haiN| aura dekhie brahmANDa purANa (upodghAtapAda 11 // 49) uparyukta vidyA, zIla evaM sadAcaraNa-sambandhI yogyatAe~ zrAddhakartA ko AmaMtrita honevAle brAhmaNoM ke atIta jIvana, guNoM evaM doSoM ko jAnane ke lie svAbhAvika rUpa se vivaza karatI haiN| manu Adi ne AmaMtrita honevAle brAhmaNoM kI parIkSA ke katipaya niyama diye haiN| manu (3 / 349), viSNu0 dha0 sU0 (82 / 1-2)" ne vyavasthA dI hai'devakarmoM meM (AmaMtrita karane ke lie) brAhmaNa (ke guNoM kI) parIkSA nahIM lI jAnI cAhie, kintu pitRzrAddha meM (guNoM kI) bhalI prakAra chAna-bIna ucita evaM nyAyasaMgata ghoSita hai|' manu (3 / 130) meM AyA hai ki bhale hI brAhmaNa veda kA pUrNa jJAtA ho, usakI (pUrvaja-vaMzaparamparA meM) pUrNa chAna-bIna karanI caahie| vAyu0 (83151) meM vyavasthA dI huI hai ki dAna-dharma meM brAhmaNoM ke guNoM kI parIkSA nahIM karanI cAhie, kintu devoM evaM pitaroM ke kRtyoM meM parIkSA Avazyaka hai| anuzAsana0 (90 / 2, hemAdri, pR0 511) ne kahA hai ki devakRtyoM meM kSatriya ko dAna-niyama jAnate hue brAhmaNa kI yogyatAoM kI jAnakArI nahIM karanI cAhie, kintu devoM evaM pitaroM ke zrAddhoM meM aisI jAnakArI ucita hai / vRddha manu evaM matsya0 (hemAdri, pR0 513 evaM zrA0 pra0, pR0 102) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki brAhmaNa ke zIla (caritra) kI jAnakArI usake dIrghakAlIna nivAsasthala para karanI cAhie,usakI pavitratA usake karmoM evaM anya logoM ke sAtha ke vyavahAroM se jAnanI cAhie tathA usakI buddhi kI parIkSA usake sAtha vivecana karake karanI caahie| inhIM tIna vidhiyoM se yaha jAnanA cAhie ki AmaMtrita honevAlA brAhmaNa yogya hai athavA nhiiN| nRsiMhapurANa ne zrAddha ke samaya acAnaka Aye hue atithi kI vidyA evaM caritra ke viSaya meM jAnakArI prApta karanA varjita kiyA hai| isameM sandeha nahIM hai ki kucha aisI uktiyAM bhI haiM, vizeSataH purANoM meM, jo brAhmaNoM kI yogyatAoM athavA unake guNoM kI jAnakArI kI bhartsanA karatI haiN| udAharaNArtha, skanda0 (aparArka, pR0 455; kalpataru, zrA0, pR0 102) meM AyA hai--vaidika kathana to yaha hai ki (vidyA evaM zIla kI) chAnabIna ke uparAnta hI (kisI brAhmaNa ko) zrAddhArpaNa karanA cAhie, kintu chAnabIna kI apekSA sarala sIdhA vyavahAra acchA mAnA jAtA hai| jaba koI binA kisI chAnabIna ke sIdhI taura se pitaroM ko zrAddhArpaNa karatA hai to ve aura devagaNa prasanna hote haiN| bhaviSya0 (bAlaMbhaTTI, AcAra, pR0 495) ne kahA haiyaha merA mata hai ki brAhmaNoM ke guNoM kI parIkSA nahIM karanI cAhie, kevala unakI jAti dekhanI cAhie na ki unake 37. tduktmgnipuraanne| kiM kulena vizAlena vRttahInasya dehinaH / kRmayaH kiM na jAyante kusumeSu sugaMSiSu // jaatkopi| api vidyAkulayuktAn vRttahInAn dvijASamAn / anarhAna havyakavyeSa vAGamAtreNApi nArcayet // hemAvi (pR0 443-444) evaM zrA0pra0 (pR074)| 38. deve karmaNi brAhmaNaM na parIkSeta / prayatnAtpitrye parIkSeta / viSNudharmasUtra (8231-2) / 82

Page #235
1228 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa zIla-guNa / aisI uktiyoM kI isa prakAra vyAkhyA kI gayI hai ki ve kevala tIrthasthaloM para kiye gaye zrAddha kI ora nirdeza karatI haiM yA ve kevala dAna karma yA atithiyoM ke lie prayukta haiM ( hemAdri, zrAddha, pR0 513 evaM bAlaMbhaTTI, AcAra, pR0 494 ) / kucha dazAoM meM brAhmaNa loga apAMkteya ( paMkti meM baiThane ke ayogya yA paMkti ko apavitra karanevAle) kahe gaye haiM, yathA- zArIrika evaM mAnasika doSa tathA roga-vyAdhi, kucha viziSTa jIvana-vRttiyA~ ( peze ), naitika doSa, aparAdhI hone ke kAraNa nAstika athavA pASaNDa dharmoM kA anuyAyI honA, kucha viziSTa dezoM kA vAsI honA / AmaMtrita na hone yogya brAhmaNoM aura ayAMkteya yA paMktidUSaka brAhmaNoM meM antara dikhalAyA gayA hai| udAharaNArtha, mitra yA sagotra brAhmaNoM ko sAdhAraNataH nahIM bulAnA cAhie, cAhe ve vidvAn hI kyoM na hoM, kintu ye loga apAMkteya nahIM haiM / Apa0 gha0 sU0 (2 / 7 / 17 / 21) " kA kahanA hai ki dhavala yA raktadoSa-grasta, khalvATa, paradArA se saMbaMdha e evAlA, AyudhajIvIputra, zUdrasama brAhmaNa kA putra (zUdrA se utpanna brAhmaNa kA putra) -- ye paMktidUSaka kahalAte haiN| inheM zrAddha meM nimaMtrita nahIM karanA cAhie / vasiSThadha0 sU0 (11 / 19 ) ne bhI eka saMkSipta sUcI dI hai - 'nagna ( saMnyAsI) se bacanA cAhie, unase bhI jo zvitrI (zveta kuSTha grasta ) haiM, klIba haiM, aMdhe haiM, jinake dA~ta kAle haiM, jo kor3hI haiM aura jinake nakha vikRta haiN| gautama ( 15 16 19), manu ( 3 / 250 - 166), yAjJa0 ( 11222 - 224), viSNu gha0 sU0 (82/3 - 29), atri (zloka 345 - 359 evaM 385-388), bRhadyama ( 3 / 34-38), bRhatparAzara ( pR0 149 - 150 ), vRddha gautama ( pR0 580-583), vAyu0 (83 / 61-70), anuzAsana 0 ( 90 / 6-11), matsya 0 ( 16 / 14- 17), kUrma0 (2121 / 23-47), skanda0 (7 / 11205/58-72 evaM 6 / 217 / 11-20 ), varAha0 ( 14 / 4-6), brahma0 (220/127135), brahmANDa . (upodghAta 15 / 39-44 evaM 19/30 / 41), mArkaNDeya0 (28/26-30), viSNupurANa (3|15| 5-8), nArada purANa (pUrvArdha 28/11 - 18), saura purANa (29 / 7-9) Adi graMthoM meM zrAddha meM AmaMtraNa ke ayogya logoM kI bar3I bhArI sUciyA~ dI huI haiN| manusmRti kI sUcI yahA~ uddhRta kI jA rahI hai| aisA brAhmaNa AmaMtrita nahIM honA cAhie jo nimna prakAra kA hai (1) cora, (2) jAti se nikAlA huA, (3) klAba, (4) nAstika, (5) brahmacArI (jo abhI veda par3ha rahA hai aura sira ke bAla kaTAtA nahIM balki bA~dha rakhatA hai), (6) vedAdhyayana na karanevAlA, (7) carmarogI, (8) juArI, (9) bahutoM kA eka purohita, (10) vaidya, (11) devapUjaka (jo dhana ke lie pratimA-pUjA karatA hai), (12) mAMsa becanevAlA, (13) dukAna karanevAlA, (14 evaM 15 ) kisI grAma yA rAjA kA naukara, (16) vikRta nakhoM vAlA, (17) svAbhAvika rUpa se kAle dA~toM vAlA, (18) guruvirodhI, (19) pUtAgniyoM ko tyakta karanevAlA (zrauta yA smArta agniyoM ko akAraNa chor3anevAlA), (20) sUdakhora ( adhika byAja khAnevAlA), 39. vitrI zipiviSTaH paratalpagAmyAyudhIyaputraH zUdrotpanno brAhmaNyAmityete zrAddha bhuMjAnAH paMktidUSakA bhavanti / Apa0 dha0 sU0 (2/7/17/21) / brAhmaNa strI aura zUdra puruSa se utpanna putra bahuta-sI smRtiyoM meM cANDAla kahA gayA hai / ataH use zrAddha meM AmaMtrita karane ke ayogya ThaharAyA gayA hai| kapadI ne "zUdro... hmaNyAm" nAmaka zabdoM kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai-- aise brAhmaNa puruSa se utpanna jo prathamataH zUdra nArI se vivAha karane ke kAraNa vyavahArataH zUdra ho gayA hai aura taba brAhmaNa nArI se vivAha karake antatogatvA zUdrA patnI se putra utpanna karatA hai aura taba kahIM brAhmaNa patnI se / yaha aMtima ( zUdrasama brAhmaNa kA putra) apAMkteya hai- 'zUdrotpanno brAhmaNyAM asamavarNadAraparigrahe brAhmaNyAM putramanutpAdya zUdrAyAmutpAditaputra iti kapardI' ( kalpataru, zrA0, 1090 ) /

Page #236
apAtra brAhmaNoM kI gaNanA 1229 (21) kSaya rogI, (22) (vipatti meM na par3ane para bhI) pazu pAlana karake jIvikA calAnevAlA, (23 evaM 24) bar3e bhAI ke pahale vivAha karanevAlA aura pUtAgniyA~ prajvalita karane vAlA, (25) paJcamahAyajJoM ke prati udAsIna rahanevAlA, (26) brAhmaNoM yA veda kA zatru, (27 evaM 28) choTe bhAI ke uparAnta vivAha karanevAlA yA pUtAgniyA~ jalAnevAlA bar3A bhAI, (29) zreNI yA saMgha kA sadasya, (30) abhinetA yA gAyaka, (31) brahmacarya vrata bhaMga karanevAlA vedAdhyAyI brAhmaNa, (32) jisakI pahalI patnI yA eka hI patnI zUdrA ho, (33) punarvivAhita vidhavA kA putra, (34) bheDA yA kAnA, (35) jisake ghara meM patnI kA premI rahatA ho, (36) jo kirAye para yA paisA lekara par3hAtA ho, (37) jo kirAyA yA zulka lenevAle guru se par3he, (38) zUdroM kA zikSaka, (39) jisakA zikSaka zUdra ho, (40) karkaza yA asatya bolanevAlA, (41) vyabhicAriNI kA putra, (42) vidhavA putra, (43) mAtA-pitA yA guru ko akAraNa tyAganevAlA, (44) veda (zikSaka yA ziSya ke rUpa meM) yA vivAha ke dvArA patitoM se sambandha rakhanevAlA, (45) Aga lagAnevAlA, (46) samadra yAtrA karanevAlA, (47) bhATa (vandI), (48) tela ranevAlA, (47) bhATa (vandI), (48) telI, (49) jhaThA sAkSya dene yA lekhya pramANa banAnevAlA yA kuTa lekhaka yA kapaTa rUpa se madrA banAnevAlA, (50) pitA ke virodha meM mukadamA lar3anevAlA, (51) dUsaroM ko juA khelane ko prerita karanevAlA, (52) surApI yA madyapI, (53) pUrva janma ke aparAdha ke daNDasvarUpa utpanna roga se pIr3ita, (54) mahApAtakI, (55) kapaTAcArI, (56) miSTAnna yA rasa kA vikretA, (57) dhanuSa-bANa nirmAtA, (58) bar3I bahina ke pUrva vivAhita choTI bahina kA pati, (59) mitra ko dhokhA denevAlA, (60) dyUtazAlA kA pAlaka, (61) putra se (veda) par3hanevAlA, (62) apasmAra (mRgI) se pIr3ita, (63) kaThamAlA, roga se pIr3ita (64) saMkrAmaka rogI, (65) pizuna (cugalakhora), (66) pAgala, (67) andhA, (68) veda ke viSaya meM vivAda karanevAlA, (69) hAthiyoM, ghor3oM, bailoM yA U~ToM ko prazikSaNa denevAlA, (70) jyotiSa (phalita) kI vRtti (pezA) karanevAlA, (71) cir3iyoM ko pha~sAne vAlA, (72) zastroM kI zikSA denevAlA, (73) jalamArgoM ko dUsare mukha kI ora karanevAlA, (74) jalamArgoM kA avarodha karanevAlA, (75) bhAskarya zilpa kI zikSA yA vyavahAra kI vRtti karanevAlA, (76) saMdezaka, (77) dhana ke lie vRkSa lagAnevAlA, (78) zikArI kuttoM ko utpanna karanevAlA, (79) zyena (bAja) pAlane vAlA, (80) kumArI ko apavitra karanevAlA (yA jhUThamUTha kumArI ko badanAma karanevAlA), (81) jIva-jantuoM ko pIr3A denevAlA, (82) zUdroM se jIvikA grahaNa karanevAlA, (83) zreNiyoM ke upalakSya meM kisI yajJa kA paurohitya karanevAlA, (84) sAdhAraNa AcaraNa-niyamoM (atithi-satkAra Adi) kA ullaMghana karanevAlA, (85) dhArmika kRtyoM ke lie asamartha, (86) sadaiva dAna mAMgane vAlA, (87) svayaM kRSi karanevAlA, (88) pholapA~va se grasta, (89) sadvyaktiyoM dvArA matsita, (90) bher3a-pAlaka, (91) bhaiMsa pAlanevAlA, (92) punarvivAhita vidhavA kA pati tathA (93) (dhana ke lie) zava ddhonevaalaa| manu (3 / 167) ne kahA hai ki pavitra niyamoM ke jJAtA brAhmaNa ko devoM evaM pitaroM donoM prakAra ke yajJoM meM bhAga lenevAle uparyukta brAhmaNa tyAjya samajhane cAhie aura ve bhI jo zrAddha bhojana meM eka paMkti meM brAhmaNoM ke sAtha baiThane ke ayogya hoN| manu (3 / 170-182) ne yaha saMketa kiyA hai ki kisa prakAra aise ayogya brAhmaNoM ko khilAne se pitaroM kI saMtuSTi kI hAni hotI hai aura yaha bhI batalAyA hai ki kisa prakAra aise ayogya vyaktiyoM dvArA khAyA gayA bhojana akhAdya vastuoM ke samAna samajhA jAnA caahie| kUrma (uttarArdha 21 // 32) evaM hemAdri (pR0476 evaM 365) ne zrAddha meM bauddha zrAvakoM (sAdhuoM), zrAvakoM (nirgrantha jaina sAdhuoM), pAMcarAtra evaM pAzupata siddhAntoM ke mAnanevAloM, kApAlikoM (ziva ke vAmamArgI bhaktoM) tathA anya nAstika logoM ko AmaMtrita karane se manA kiyA hai| viSNupurANa (3 / 18 / 17) ne eka aise rAjA kI kathA kahI hai jisane pavitra sthala meM snAna ke uparAnta kisI nAstika se bAta kI jisake phalasvarUpa

Page #237
1230 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa use kutte, zrRgAla, bher3iyA, giddha, kauA, sArasa evaM mora kA zarIra dhAraNa karanA par3A aura anta meM azvamedha yajJa meM avabhRtha snAna karane para use mukti milii| usI purANa ne vyavasthA dI hai (3 / 18 / 87) ki nAstikoM se bAtacIta evaM sparza nahIM karanA cAhie, vizeSataH dhArmika kRtya ke samaya yA jaba kisI pavitra yajJa ke lie dIkSA lI gayI ho| vAyupurANa (78 / 26 evaM 31) ne kahA hai ki nagna vyaktiyoM ko zrAddha dekhane kI anumati nahIM milanI cAhie aura usane nagna kI paribhASA yoM dI hai-tIna vedoM ko sabhI jIvoM kA saMvaraNa (rakSA karanevAlA AvaraNa) udghoSita kiyA gayA hai, ataH jo loga mUrkhatAvaza vedoM kA tyAga karate haiM ve nagna kahalAte haiM; jo vyartha jaTA rakhate haiM, vyartha maNDI hote haiM, jo vyartha vrata evaM niruddezya japa karate haiM ve nagnAdi kahalAte haiN|' jisa prakAra kucha deza zrAddha ke lie ayogya ghoSita haiM, usI prakAra kucha granthoM dvArA kucha dezoM ke kucha brAhmaNa zrAddha meM nimaMtrita karane ke ayogya ghoSita kiye gaye haiN| udAharaNArtha matsyapurANa kA kahanA hai ki ve brAhmaNa, jo kRtaghna haiM, nAstika haiM mleccha dezoM meM nivAsa karate haiM yA jo trizaka, karabIra, Andhra, cIna, dravir3a evaM koMkaNa deza meM rahate haiM, unheM zrAddha ke samaya sAvadhAnI se alaga kara denA caahie| hemAdri (zrAddha, pR0 505) ne saurapurANa se yaha uddhata kiyA hai ki 'aMga, vaMga, kaliMga, saurASTra, gurjara, AbhIra, koMkaNa, dravir3a, dakSiNApatha, avantI evaM magadha ke brAhmaNoM ko zrAddha ke samaya nahIM bulAnA caahie|' uparyukta donoM uktiyoM ko milAkara dekhane se prakaTa hotA hai ki Aja ke bhArata ke Adhe bhAga ke brAhmaNoM ko zrAddha meM AmaMtrita karane ke ayogya ThaharAyA gayA hai| kintu sambhavataH yaha saba una graMthoM ke lekhakoM kA dambha evaM pUrvanizcita dhAraNAoM kA dyotaka hai| rudraghara ke zrAddhaviveka (pR0 39-41) meM zrAddha ke lie ayogya vyaktiyoM kI sabase bar3I mucI pAyI jAtI hai| zrAddhakRtya karate samaya acAnaka kisI atithi ke Agamana para usake sammAna ke viSaya meM varAhapurANa evaM anya logoM ne nimna tarka upasthita kiyA hai| "yogI loga na pahacAna meM AnevAle vibhinna rUpa dhAraNa kara pRthivI para vicarate rahate haiM aura dUsaroM kA kalyANa karate rahate haiM; ataH buddhimAn vyakti ko zrAddha sampAdana ke samaya Aye hue atithi kA sammAna karanA caahie|" aura dekhie bhaviSyapurANa (1 / 184 / 9-10), hemAdri (pR0 427) evaM mArkaNDeya 0 (36 / 30-31) / mArkaNDeya * (36 / 30) meM AyA hai ki atithi kA gotra yA zAkhA yA vedAdhyayana nahIM pUchanA cAhie aura na usake zobhana evaM azobhana AkAra para dhyAna denA caahie| hemAdri (zrAddha, pa0430-433) ne zivadharmotara, viSNudharmottara evaM vAyu (71 / 74-75) purANoM kA havAlA diyA hai ki devagaNa, siddha evaM yogI loga brAhmaNa atithiyoM ke rUpa meM logoM kA kalyANa karane ke lie aura yaha dekhane ke lie ki zrAddha kisa prakAra sampAdita hote haiM, vicaraNa kiyA karate haiN| atithi kI paribhASA evaM atithisatkAra-vidhi tathA AvazyakatA ke viSaya meM dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 21 / 40. kRtghnaanaastikaaNstdvnmlecchdeshnivaasinH| trizaMkubarbaradrAvavItadraviDakoMkaNAn (trizaMkukaravIrAndhracInadraviDa0 ?) / varjayelliginaH sarvAna zrAddhakAle vizeSataH // matsya 0 (16 / 16-17, hemAdri, zrA0, pR0 505; kalpataru, zrA0, 10 94) / 41. yogino vividha rUpanarANAmupakAriNaH / bhramanti pathivImetAmavijJAtasvarUpiNaH // tasmAdabhyarcayet prApta zrAddhakAle'tithi budhH| zrAddhakiyAphalaM hanti dvijendrApUjito hriH|| varAha0 (14 // 18-19), viSNupurANa (15 / 23-24); milAie vAyupurANa (79 / 7-8); siddhA hi viprarUpeNa caranti pRthivImimAm / tasmAdatithimAyAntamabhigacchet kRtaaNjliH||

Page #238
bhinna zAkhA vAloM, yogI-yatiyoM tathA brAhmaNoM kI zrAddha-yogyatA 1231 hemAdri (zrAddhakhaNDa, pR. 380-385) ne eka manoraMjaka vivecana upasthita kiyA hai--kyA kisI eka veda-zAkhA kA zrAddhakartA kevala usI zAkhA ke brAhmaNoM ko Amantrita kare yA vaha tIna vedoM kI kisI bhI zAkhA ke brAhmaNoM ko AmaMtrita kara sakatA hai ? kucha loga 'yathA kanyA tathA havi' nyAya ke AdhAra para kevala apanI hI zAkhA ke vyutpanna evaM uparyukta guNoM se saMpanna brAhmaNoM ko Amantrita karate haiN| hemAdri isa bhrAmaka mata kA uttara dete haiM aura Apa0 dha0 sU0 (2 / 6 / 15-9) kA havAlA dete haiM ki una sabhI brAhmaNoM ko AmaMtrita karanA cAhie, jo apane AcAra meM zuci haiM aura mantravAn (vedajJa) haiM, aura kahate haiM ki kisI bhI smRti, itihAsa, purANa, gRhyasUtra, kalpasUtra meM kartA kI zAkhA vAle brAhmaNoM ko hI AmaMtrita karane kA niyantraNa nahIM hai| unhoMne Age kahA hai ki 'triNAciketastrimadhuH' jaise vacanoM meM jo niyama vyavasthita hai vaha aise brAhmaNoM ko AmaMtrita karane kI bAta karatA hai jo vibhinna zAkhAoM evaM vedoM ke jJAtA hoN| apanI zAkhA vAle vara ko hI kanyA ke pati cunane kI bhAvanA ko ve nahIM mAnate aura kahate haiM ki yadi kucha loga anya zAkhAoM vAle navayuvaka varoM ko apanI kanyA dene ko prastuta nahIM haiM to yaha kuloM ke viSaya kI ajJAnatA kA dyotaka hai aura dambha evaM ahaMkAra kA paricAyaka hai| unhoMne niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki AryAvarta ke dezoM meM yaha sarvatra pAyA jAtA hai ki vibhinna zAkhAoM vAle loga eka hI janapada meM vivAha-sambandha sthApita karate haiM aura aisA karanA varjita nahIM hai, evaM kucha loga eka zAkhA ke rahate hue bhI eka-dUsare ko na jAnate hue aisA nahIM karate haiN| aura dekhie bAlambhaTTI (AcAra, pa0 497) jisane hemAdri ke mata kA virodhI mata udghATita kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki mahArASTra brAhmaNoM ko anya brAhmaNa-jAtiyoM ke brAhmaNoM ko, vizeSataH koMkaNastha brAhmaNoM ko, AmaMtrita nahIM karanA cAhie; aura usane yaha bhI kahA hai ki apanI jAti ke vyakti ko, cAhe vaha acche guNoM kA na bhI ho aura kadAcArI bhI ho (kintu mahApAtakI na ho to) anya jAti ke guNa-sampanna vyakti se varIyatA milanI caahie| vasiSThadharmasUtra (1117) meM AyA hai ki zrAddha karanevAle ko yatiyoM, gRhasthoM, sAdhucarita logoM evaM jo ati bUr3he na hoM, unako AmaMtrita karanA caahie| kUrma0 (uttarArdha, 21 / 17-18) kA kahanA hai ki jisakI (bhojana) AhutiyA~ aisA yati khAtA hai, jo prakRti (Adi zakti) evaM guNoM (sattva, raja, tama) meM antahita satya ko jAnatA hai, vaha sahasroM (anya brAhmaNoM) ko bhojana dene kA phala pAtA hai| ataH devoM evaM pitaroM kI AhutiyAM paramAtmA ke jJAna meM saMlagna atyuttama yogI ko hI khilAnI cAhie aura jaba aisA koI vyakti na prApta ho to anyoM ko khilAnI caahie| aisI hI bAteM varAha0 (14.50), skanda0 (62187), vAya0 (71165-75 evaM 76 / 28) Adi meM pAyI jAtI haiN| bRhaspati (hemAdri, pR0 385; smatima0,10765) kA kathana hai ki yadi koI vyakti zrAddha meM eka se adhika brAhmaNa ko na khilA sake, to use usa brAhmaNa ko khilAnA cAhie jisane sAmaveda kA adhyayana kiyA ho, kyoMki sAmaveda meM tInoM, Rka, yajusa evaM sAma eka sAtha pAye jAte haiM, evaM pitA Rka (RgvedI brAhmaNa ko bhojana karAne) se santuSTa hotA hai, pitAmaha yaja se, prapitAmaha sAma se santuSTa hotA hai| ataH chandoga (sAmavedI) uttama hai| zAtAtapa (hemAdri, pR0 385 Adi) ne kahA hai ki yadi devoM evaM pitaroM ke kRtya meM atharvaveda kA koI adhyetA khilAyA jAya to akSaya evaM ananta phala kI prApti hotI hai| kucha smatiyoM ne zrAddha meM Amantrita honevAle brAhmaNoM kI yogyatAoM kI vyavasthA meM bar3I kar3AI pradarzita kI hai| auzanasa (adhyAya 4) meM AyA hai-'vaha brAhmaNa brahmabandhu hai aura use zrAddha ke samaya nahIM bulAnA cAhie jisake kula meM vedAdhyayana evaM vedI (zrauta yajJoM kA sampAdana) tIna puruSoM (pIr3hiyoM) se banda ho cuke hoN|' usI smRti (aparArka, pR0 449) meM punaH AyA hai ki cha: vyakti brahmabandhu (nindita, kevala janma evaM jAti se brAhmaNa) kahe jAte haiM, yathA-vaha jo zUdra kA evaM rAjA kA naukara ho, jisakI patnI zUdra ho, jo grAma kA purohita ho, jo pazuhatyA karake jIvikA calAtA ho yA unheM pakar3ane kI vRtti karatA ho| mahAbhASya ke kAla meM aisA kahA gayA hai ki

Page #239
1232 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa tapa ( saMyamita jIvana-yApana), vedAdhyayana evaM (brAhmaNa mAtA-pitA dvArA) janma aise kAraNa haiM jinase vyakti brAhmaNa kahalAtA hai, jo vyakti inameM do se hIna hai, vaha kevala jAti se brAhmaNa hai ( vAstavika brAhmaNa nahIM hai) / yaha vicitrabAma ne kahI hai ki jo brAhmaNa nakSatra, tithi, dina, muhUrta evaM anya bAtoM kI gaNanA nahIM kara sakatA ( arthAt jyotiSa vyavasAyI nahIM hai) vaha yadi zrAddha bhojana karatA hai to zrAddha akSaya ho jAtA hai| kucha yogyatAe~ itanI kar3I thIM ki unase yukta brAhmaNa kI prApti asambhava -sI thI / gautama 0 ( 1511518) meM 50 se Upara aise brAhmaNoM kI sUciyA~ milatI haiM, jo zrAddha yA devakRtya meM AmaMtrita hone ke ayogya ThaharAye gaye haiM, kintu gautama 0 ( 15 / 18) ne jor3A hai ki kucha logoM ke mata se isa vAkya ke antargata kevala 'dubala' zabda se Arambha honevAle loga hI zrAddha meM AmaMtraNa ke ayogya haiM ( kintu ve deva-yajJoM meM Amantrita ho sakate haiM) / gautama ( I0 pU0 600 ) ke pUrva ke kucha logoM ke mata se nimna vyakti tyAjya mAne gaye haiM- ' dubala ( khalvATa), kunakhI (Ter3he nakhoM vAlA), zyAvadanta ( kAle dA~ta vAlA), zveta kuSThI ( caraka-prasta), paunarbhava ( punavivAhita vidhavA kA putra), juArI, japatyAgI, rAjA kA bhRtya (naukara), prAtirUpika ( galata bATa-baTakharA rakhanevAlA), zUdrApati, nirAkRtI ( jo paMca Ahnika yajJa nahIM karatA), kilAsI ( bhayaMkara carmarogI), kusIdI ( sUdakhora), vaNik, zilpopajIvI, dhanuSa-bANa banAne kI vRtti karane vAle, vAdyayantra bajAne vAle, ThekA denevAle, gAyaka evaM nRtyakAra / vasiSTha 0 (11 / 20 ) ne eka zloka isa prakAra uddhRta kiyA hai- yadi koI mantravid arthAt vedajJa brAhmaNa zarIra doSayukta hai ( jisake kAraNa sAmAnyataH bhoja meM sammilita nahIM kiyA jAtA ) to vaha yama ke mata se nirdoSa aura paMkti-pAvana hai| yaha jJAtavya hai ki Ajakala bhI bahudhA vidvAn evaM sAdhucarita brAhmaNa hI zrAddha meM Amantrita kiye jAte haiN| manu ( 3 / 189 ) evaM padmapurANa ke vicAra Aja bhI sammAnya haiM, jaisA ki unhoMne kahA hai ki pitara loga Amantrita brAhmaNoM meM praviSTa ho jAte haiM aura unake caturdik vicaraNa kiyA karate haiM, ataH unheM pitaroM ke pratinidhi ke rUpa meM mAnanA caahie| garur3a0 ( pretakhaNDa, 10 / 28-29 ) ne kahA hai ki yamarAja mRtAtmAoM evaM pitaroM ko zrAddha ke samaya yamaloka se mRtyuloka meM Ane kI anumati dete haiM / ** viSNudharmasUtra (79 19-21) meM AyA hai ki kartA ko krodha nahIM karanA cAhie, na use a sU girAnA cAhie aura na zIghratA se hI kArya karanA caahie| varAha0 *" ne vyavasthA dI hai ki kartA ko dA~ta svaccha karane ke lie 45 42. kuNDAzi - somavikrayyagAradAhi-garavAvakINa-gaNapreSyAgamyAgAmi-hila- parivitti-parivettR-paryAhita-paryAghAtR-syaktAtma- durbAla -kunakha zyAvadanta zvitri - paunarbhava- kitavAjapa- rAjapreSya prAtirUpika-zUdrApati-nirAkRti- kilAsikusIdi-baNik- zilpopajIvi-jyAvAditratAlanRtya-gItazIlAn / durbAlAdIn zrAddha evNke| akRtAnnazrAddhe caMbam / gautama0 ( 15118, 31-32) / yahA~ aise zabda, jo sandhiyukta haiM vicchedakoM (hAiphana ) se pRthaka nahIM kiye gaye haiN| 43. athApyudAharanti / atha cenmantravidyuktaH zArIraiH paMktidUSaNaiH / anuSyaM taM yamaH prAha paMktipAvana eva saH // vasiSThadharmasUtra (11 / 20; medhAtithi, manu 3 / 168 ) / yaha zloka atri ( 350-51 ) evaM laghuzaMkha (22) meM pAyA jAtA hai| 44. nimantritAMzca pitara upatiSThanti tAn dvijAn / vAyubhUtA nigacchanti tathAsInAnupAsate / padmapurANa ( sRSTikhaNDa, 9 / 85-86 ) / zrAddhakAle yamaH pretAn pitRRMzcApi yamAlayAt / visarjayati mAnuSye nirayasthAMzca kAzyapa // garuDapurANa ( pretakhaNDa, 10 / 28-29 ) / 45. varAhapurANe / dantakASThaM ca visRjed brahmacArI zucirbhavet / kalpataru ( zrA0, pR0 104) evaM bhA0 pra0 (10 112 ) /

Page #240
zrAddha meM bhojanIya brAhmaNoM kI yogyatA evaM saMkhyA dAtuna kA prayoga nahIM karanA cAhie aura brahmacArI evaM pavitra rahanA caahie| ApastambadharmasUtra (2/7/17/24) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki kartA ko bhojana ke lie AmantraNa dene ke kAla se zrAddha kRtya samApta na hone taka bhojana nahIM karanA caahie| kUrma 0 ( uttarArdha, 22 / 8) meM AyA hai ki yadi koI kisI brAhmaNa ko Amantrita kara punaH dUsare ko ( pahale kI upekSA karake) mUrkhatAvaza bulA letA hai to vaha usa brAhmaNa se, jo prathamaprApta nimaMtraNa tyAga kara dUsare ke yahA~ calA jAtA hai, apekSAkRta bar3A pApI hai aura vaha manuSya ke mala meM kITa ke rUpa meM janma letA hai / bhaviSya 0 (1 / 185 / 23) meM AyA hai ki binA uttarIya dhAraNa kiye devoM, pitaroM evaM manuSyoM ko sammAna evaM brAhmaNoM ko bhojana nahIM denA cAhie, nahIM to kRtya phalavAn nahIM ho sktaa| zrAddha meM Amantrita brAhmaNoM kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM kaI mata haiN| Azva0 gR0 (4 / 7 / 2-3 ) kA kathana hai ki pArvaNa zrAddha (kisI parva, yathA amAvasyA ke dina kiye jAne vAle), Abhyudayika zrAddha, ekoddiSTa yA kAmya zrAddha meM jitanI hI bar3I saMkhyA ho utanI hI adhika phala prApti hotI hai; sabhI pitaroM ke zrAddha meM kevala eka brAhmaNa ko kabhI bhI nahIM bulAnA cAhie; prathama ko chor3akara anya zrAddhoM meM vikalpa se eka bhI bulAyA jA sakatA hai; pitA, pitAmaha evaM prapitAmaha ke zrAddhoM meM eka, do yA tIna brAhmaNa bulAye jA sakate haiN| zAMkhA0 gR0 (4/1/2 ) evaM kauSItaki gR0 (3 / 14 / 1-2 ) meM AyA hai ki brAhmaNoM ko viSama saMkhyA meM bulAnA cAhie aura kama-se-kama tIna ko pratinidhi svarUpa bulAnA caahie| gautama 0 ( 15 / 2 / 7-9 evaM 11 ) kA kahanA hai - 'vaha ayuja ( viSama ) saMkhyA meM brAhmaNoM ko khilAye, kama-se-kama nau yA jitanoM ko khilA sake; aura unheM (brAhmaNoM ko) vedajJa, mRdubhASI, acchI AkRtiyoM vAle ( sundara ), praur3ha avasthA vAle evaM zIlasampanna honA caahie|' yadi pA~ca bulAye gaye haiM to unameM do devoM ke lie aura tIna pitaroM ke lie hone cAhie; yadi sAta hoM to unameM cAra devoM ke lie evaM tIna pitaroM ke lie hone cAhie / vasiSTha (11 / 27 = manu 3 / 125 = bodhA0 60 sU0 28/29), yAjJa0 (1 / 228), matsya 0 ( 17| 13-14) evaM viSNu ( 3 / 15 / 14 ) ne kahA hai ki deva kRtya meM do evaM pitR kRtya meM tIna yA donoM meM eka brAhmaNa ko avazyameva khilAnA cAhie; dhanI vyakti ko bhI cAhie ki vaha adhika brAhmaNoM ko na khilAye / padma0 (sRSTi 9 / 98 evaM 141) ne bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| isase prakaTa hai ki AmaMtritoM kI saMkhyA kartA ke sAdhanoM para nahIM nirbhara hotI, pratyuta vaha AmaMtrita karanevAle kI yogyatA para nirbhara hotI hai jisase vaha ucita rUpa meM evaM sukaratA ke sAtha AmaMtrita kA sammAna kara ske| bhAvanA yaha thI ki jaba zrAddha karma ho to devoM ke lie do evaM pitaroM ke lie tIna brAhmaNoM ko bhojana denA caahie| yadi eka hI brAhmaNa bulAyA jA sakA yA eka hI upalabdha huA to vasiSTha 0 ( 11/(30-31) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki sabhI prakAra ke pake bhojanoM ke kucha-kucha bhAga eka pAtra meM rakhakara usa sthAna para rakha dene cAhie jahAM vaizvadevika brAhmaNa baiThAyA jAtA hai, isake uparAnta use eka thAla meM rakhakara vizvedevoM kA AvAhana karanA cAhie aura unheM usa sthAna para upasthita hone kI kalpanA karanI cAhie aura taba usa bhojana ko agni meM DAla denA cAhie yA brahmacArI ko ( bhikSA ke rUpa meM) de denA cAhie aura usake uparAnta zrAddha karma calatA rahanA caahie| zaMkha ( 14 / 10) ne bhI aisA hI niyama diyA hai| isakA pariNAma yaha hai ki yadi koI eka hI brAhmaNa ko bulAne meM samartha ho yA yadi use eka hI brAhmaNa prApta ho sake to vaha brAhmaNa pitR zrAddha ke lie samajhA jAtA hai| aura devoM kI AhutiyA~ agni meM DAla dI jAtI haiN| bau0 gha0 sU0 (28|30), manu ( 31126), vasiSTha 0 ( 11/ 46. pitR devamanuSyANAM pUjanaM bhojanaM tathA / nottarIyaM binA kAryaM kRtaM syAniSkalaM yataH // bhaviSya0 (21 185 / 23) / 1233

Page #241
1234 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa o 28), kUrma 0 ( uttarArdha, 22 / 28) meM bhI yahI bAta pAyI jAtI hai; 'bar3I saMkhyA nimna pAMca rUpoM ko naSTa kara detI hai; AmaMtritoM kA samyak sammAna ( satkriyA), ucita sthAna kI prApti ( yathA dakSiNa kI ora DhAlU bhUmi), kAla, zauca ( pavitratA) evaM zIlavAn brAhmaNoM kA cunAva; ataH bar3I saMkhyA (vistAra) kI icchA nahIM karanI caahie| *" karma (uttarArdha, 22 / 32 ) ne bala dekara kahA hai ki zrAddha meM eka atithi ko avazya khilAnA cAhie nahIM to zrAddha prazaMsA nahIM pAtA / yadyapi ina prAcIna graMthoM ne zrAddha karma meM adhika vyaya nahIM karane ko kahA hai tathApi kucha smRtiyoM ne adhika parimANa meM sampatti vyaya kI vyavasthA dI hai| udAharaNArtha, bRhaspati ne kahA hai- 'uttarAdhikArI ko dAya kA AdhA bhAga mRta ke kalyANa ke lie pRthaka rakha denA cAhie aura use mAsika, chamAsI (pANmAsika) evaM vArSika zrAddhoM meM vyaya karanA cAhie / ' dAyabhAga (11 / 12 ) ne isakA anumodana kiyA hai aura Apa0 dha0 sU0 (2|6| 13 | 3 ) kA uddharaNa diyA hai - 'sapiNDa ke abhAva meM AcArya (veda - zikSaka ), AcArya ke abhAva meM ziSya dAya letA hai aura use mRta 'ke kalyANa ke lie dharmakRtyoM meM vyaya karanA cAhie (yA vaha svayaM usakA upabhoga kara sakatA hai) / ' ina vacanoM se prakaTa hotA hai ki kucha lekhakoM ne mRtAtmA ke kalyANa ke mata ko bhArata meM kitanI dUra taka prakAzita kiyA hai| kucha vyAvahArika lekhakoM ne, yathA haradatta Adi ne, ina sImAtirekI matoM ko pasanda nahIM kiyA hai| vAyu 0 ( 82019), viSNupurANa Adi meM spaSTa rUpa se AyA hai ki gayA meM zrAddha karate samaya vittazAThya ( kaMjUsI) nahIM karanA cAhie, pratyuta prabhUta dhana vyaya karanA cAhie, nahIM to zrAddha sampAdana se kartA usa tIrthasthAna para phala nahIM prApta kara sktaa|' aura dekhie padma ( sRSTi, 9 / 179 - 181) / vAyu0 (82 / 26-28) ne puna: kahA hai ki gayA ke brAhmaNa amAnuSa haiM, yadi ve zrAddha meM santuSTa hote haiM to deva evaM pitara loga santuSTa hote haiM, ( gayA ke brAhmaNoM ke) kula, zIla, vidyA evaM tapa ke viSaya meM koI prazna nahIM uThAnA cAhie, unheM sammAnita kara vyakti mukti pAtA hai, unheM sammAnita karane ke uparAnta apanI dhana-yogyatA evaM zakti ke anurUpa zrAddha karanA cAhie; isake dvArA vyakti sabhI daivI icchAoM kI pUrti karatA hai aura mokSa ke sAdhanoM se yukta ho jAtA hai| skanda0 (6 / 222 / 23 ) ne yahA~ taka kahA hai ki yadyapi gayA ke brAhmaNa AcArabhraSTa (durAcArI evaM pichar3e hue) haiM, tathApi zrAddha meM AmaMtrita hone yogya haiM aura veda evaM vedAMgoM ke paNDita brAhmaNoM se uttama haiM / deg nirNayasindhu ( 3, pR0 401 ) ne TippaNI kI hai ki unake pitAmaha - kRta tristhalIsetu ke mata se, yaha vyavasthA gayA meM kevala akSayavaTa para zrAddha karane ke viSaya meM hai na ki anya sthAnoM ke viSaya 48 47. satkriyA dezakAlau ca zaucaM brAhmaNasampadaH / paJcaitAn vistaro hanti tasmAnnaheta vistaram // manu ( 3 / 226) / 48. vittazAThyaM na kurvIta gayAzrAddhe sadA naraH / vittazAThyaM tu kurvANo na tIrthaphalabhAgbhavet // vAyu0 (82 19 ) | dekhie smRtica0 ( zrA0, pR0 388 ) - ' ato vittAnusAreNa zArIrabalAnusAreNa ca gayAyAM zrAddhaM kAryam / ' ( sRSTi0, 9 / 179-181) meM AyA hai--'satilaM nAmagotreNa dadyAcchaktyA ca dakSiNAm / gobhUhiraNyavAsAMsi bhavyAni zayanAni ca / dadyAdyaviSTaM viprANAmAtmanaH pitureva ca / vittazAThyena rahitaH pitRbhyaH prItimAharan // padma0 49. amAnuSatA viprA (amAnuSA gayAviprA ? ) brAhmaNA (brahmaNA ? ) ye prakalpitAH / teSu tuSTeSu saMtuSTAH pitRbhiH saha devatAH // na vicArya kulaM zIlaM vidyA ca tapa eva ca / pUjitaistaistu rAjendra muktiM prApnoti mAnavaH / tataH pravartayecchrAddhaM yathAzaktibalAbalam / kAmAnsa labhate vivyAnmokSopAyaM ca vindati / / vAyu0 (82 / 26-28) / 50. athAcAraparibhraSTAH zrAddhArhA eva nAgarAH / balIvarva samAno'pi jJAtIyo yadi labhyate / kimanyairbahubhiviprairvedavedAMgapAragaH // skandapurANa (6 / 222 / 23 ) //

Page #242
zrAva meM brAhmaNa-AmantraNa ko vidhi 1235 meN| Adhunika kAla ke gayAvAla ( gayA ke brAhmaNa ) zrAddhakartA ko phalgu nadI meM khar3A karake use apanI sampatti ke viSaya meM ghoSaNA karane ko vivaza karate haiM aura vAyupurANa meM kahe gaye zabdoM kA akSarazaH pAlana karane ko udvelita karate haiM tathA apanI dakSiNA mAMgate haiN| bahuta-se loga gayA ke brAhmaNoM ke vyavahAra se pUrNarUpeNa asantuSTa hokara lauTa Ate haiN| varAhapurANa (13 / 50-51 ) meM pitaroM ke mukha se do zloka kahalAye gaye haiM- 'kyA hamAre kula meM koI dhanavAn evaM matimAn vyakti utpanna hogA jo hameM binA vittazAThya ( kRpaNatA ) ke piNDadAna degA aura hamAre kalyANa ke lie brAhmaNoM ko, jaba ki usake pAsa prabhUta dhana ho to, ratna, vastra, bhUmi, yAna tathA anya prakAra kI vastue~ jala ke sAtha degA ?' spaSTa hai, yahA~ zrAddha meM prabhUta dhana ke vyaya kI carcA hai ( gayA ke atirikta sthAnoM meM bhI ) / devala (smRti0 zrA0, pR0 410 ) meM AyA hai ki zrota yajJoM, dharma-kRtyoM, vArSika zrAddhoM yA amAvasyA ke zrAddhoM, vRddhi ke avasaroM, aSTakA ke dinoM meM AmaMtrita brAhmaNoM ko kubhojana kabhI nahIM karAnA caahie| yadi koI brAhmaNa upalabdha na ho, to zrAddhaviveka, zrAddhatattva Adi nibandhoM kA kahanA hai ki sAta yA darbhoM se banI brAhmaNAkRtiyA~ rakha lenI cAhie aura zrAddha karanA cAhie, dakSiNA tathA anya sAmagriyAM anya brAhmaNoM ko Age calakara de denI cAhie (sAmavedI brAhmaNoM ke lie brAhmaNAkRtiyoM ke lie racanArtha kI koI saMkhyA nahIM nirdhArita kI gayI hai ) / brAhmaNoM ko AmaMtrita karane kI vidhi ke viSaya meM bahuta prAcIna kAla se niyama pratipAdita hue haiN| Apa0 dharma0 sU0 (2/7/17/11-13 ) kA kathana hai ki kartA ko eka dina pUrva hI brAhmaNoM se nivedana karanA cAhie, zrAddha ke dina dUsarA nivedana karanA cAhie ('Aja zrAddha-dina hai, aisA kahate hue) aura taba tIsarI bAra unheM sambodhita karanA cAhie ('bhojana taiyAra hai, Aie aisA kahakara ) / haradatta ne ina tInoM sUtroM meM pahale kI vyAkhyA kI hai ki prArthanA (nivedana) isa prakAra kI honI cAhie; 'kala zrAddha hai, Apa AhavanIya agni ke sthAna meM upasthita hone kA anugraha kareM' ( arthAt jo bhojana banegA, use pAiegA ) / manu ( 3 / 187 ) ne bhI kahA hai ki AmaMtraNa eka dina pUrva yA zrAddha ke dina diyA jAnA caahie| matsya0 (16 / 17 -20 ) evaM padma0 ( sRSTi 9 / 85-88 ) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki zrAddhakartA ko vinIta bhAva se brAhmaNoM ko eka dina pUrva yA zrAddha ke dina prAtaH AmaMtrita karanA cAhie evaM AmaMtrita honevAle ke dAhine ghuTane ko ina zabdoM ke sAtha chUnA cAhie- 'Apako mere dvArA nimaMtraNa diyA jA rahA hai aura unako sunAkara yaha kahanA cAhie- 'Apako krodha se mukta honA cAhie, tana aura mana se zuddha honA cAhie tathA brahmacarya pAlana karanA cAhie, maiM bhI usI prakAra kA AcaraNa karU~gA, pitara loga vAyavya rUpa meM AmaMtrita brAhmaNoM kI sevA karate haiN|' bRhannAradIya purANa kA kathana hai ki AmaMtraNa isa rUpa kA honA cAhie- 'he uttama manuSyo, Apa logoM ko anugraha karanA cAhie aura zrAddha kA AmaMtraNa svIkAra karanA caahie|' yaha jJAtavya hai ki prajApatismRti ( 63 ) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki zrAddhakRtyoM yA devakRtyoM ke lie brAhmaNoM ko eka dina pUrva saMdhyAkAla meM 'akrodhanaiH' zloka ke sAtha AmaMtrita karanA caahie| skandapurANa (6 / 21737) meM AyA hai ki kartA isa prakAra brAhmaNoM ko sambodhita kare - ' mere pitA Apake zarIra meM ( haiM yA praveza kareMge), isI prakAra mere pitAmaha bhI kareMge; ve ( pitAmaha) apane pitA ke sAtha AyeM, Apako prasannatA ke sAtha vrata (niyamoM) kA pAlana karanA caahie|' pitaroM ke pratinidhi brAhmaNoM ko AmaMtraNa prAcInAvIta DhaMga se evaM vaizvadevikoM ko yajJopavIta DhaMga se janeU dhAraNa karake denA caahie| isa prazna para ki vaizvadevika brAhmaNoM ko pahale nimaMtrita karanA cAhie yA pitR-brAhmaNoM ko, smRtiyoM meM matabheda hai, kintu madhya kAla ke nibandhoM ne vikalpa diyA hai (hemAdri, zrAddha, pR0 1954 - 1157 ) / lagatA hai, manu ( 3 / 205 ) ne daiva brAhmaNa ko varIyatA dI hai| yama (zrAddhakriyAkImudI, pR0 80 zrAddhatattva, pR0 194 mada0 pA0, pR0 564 ) kA kathana hai ki kartA ko eka dina pUrva sandhyAkAla meM brAhmaNoM se ina zabdoM ke sAtha prArthanA karanI cAhie -- ' Apa logoM ko 83

Page #243
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa AyAsa (thakAvaTa) evaM kAma-krodha se varjita hokara mere ghara meM honevAle zrAddha meM bhAga lenA hai', brAhmaNa loga uttara deMge'aisA hI hogA yadi rAtri kisI vighna-bAdhA ke binA prasannatApUrvaka bIta jaay|' zrAddhakriyAkaumudI (pR081), zrAddhatattva (10 194) evaM nirNayasindha (3, 10804) kA kathana hai ki yadi eka dina pUrva AmaMtraNa diyA jAya to 'sarvAyA Adi zloka ke sAtha aura yadi zrAddha-dina ke prAtaHkAla vaisA kiyA jAya to 'akrodhanaiH' zloka ke sAtha vaisA karanA caahie| vibhinna lekhakoM ne AmaMtraNa ke vibhinna zabda diye haiN| udAharaNArtha mitA0 (yAjJa0 1 / 225) ke mata se zabda ye haiM-'zrAddhe kSaNaH kriytaam|' aura dekhie zrAddhaprakAza (pR0 106) / mana (3 / 187-191) meM 'nimaMtraNa' evaM AmaMtraNa' zabda paryAya rUpa meM prayukta haiN| zrAddhasUtra (1, kAtyAyanakRta) meM bhI 'AmaMtraNa' zabda AyA hai, kintu pANini (3|3|161)ne spaSTataH donoM zabdoM kA antara batAyA hai aura mahAbhASya ne vyAkhyA kI hai ki nimaMtraNa vaha hai jise akAraNa asvIkAra karane para doSa yA pApa lagatA hai aura AmaMtraNa vaha hai jise binA doSI evaM pApI hue asvIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| ata: aisA kahA jAnA cAhie ki bahata kama lekhaka (kAtyAyana Adi) aise haiM jo AmaMtraNa ko gauNa artha meM prayukta karate haiN| kartA svayaM yA usakA putra, bhAI yA ziSya yA brAhmaNa nimaMtraNa kara de, kintu dUsare varga ke vyakti dvArA yA strI yA baccA yA dUsare gotra ke vyakti dvArA nimaMtraNa nahIM diyA jAnA cAhie aura na dUra se hI (prajApati 64) / pracetA ne vyavasthA dI hai ki brAhmaNa zrAddhakartA ko nimaMtraNa dete samaya AmaMtrita hone vAle vyakti kA dAhinA ghaTanA, kSatriya ko bAyA~ ghaTanA, vaizya ko donoM paira chune cAhie aura zadra ko sASTAMga pairoM para gira jAnA cAhie (zrA0 pra0, pR0 106). mArkaNDeya ne eka apavAda diyA hai (28135) ki yadi zrAddha-kRtya ke samaya brAhmaNa yA brahmacArI (vedAdhyayana karanevAle) yA saMnyAsI acAnaka zikSA mAMgate hue A jAye to kartA ko unake pairoM para girakara unheM prasanna karanA cAhie aura unheM bhojana denA cAhie (arthAt ina logoM ko AmaMtrita karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai)| dekhie viSNupurANa (3 / 15 / 12) / uzanasa-smRti meM AyA hai ki kartA ko zrAddha ke eka dina pUrva ghara kI bhami ko pAnI se dhonA cAhie, gobara se lIpanA cAhie aura pAtroM ko svaccha karanA cAhie, taba brAhmaNoM ko ina zabdoM ke sAtha AmaMtrita karanA cAhie'kala maiM zrAddha karma kruuNgaa|' aura dekhie varAhapurANa evaM kUrmapurANa jinameM vastroM ko svaccha karane kI bhI vyavasthA hai| manu (3 / 206) ne bhI kahA hai ki zrAddhasthala ko svaccha, ekAnta vartI, gobara se lipA huA evaM dakSiNa kI ora DhAlU honA caahie| kAtyAyana ke zrAddhasUtra (zrAddhatattva, pR0 189) meM AyA hai ki zrAddha meM doSarahita kartA dvArA AmaMtrita hone para brAhmaNa ko asvIkAra nahIM karanA cAhie aura use svIkRti dene ke uparAnta kisI dUsare vyakti se asiddha (arthAt binA pakA huA) bhojana bhI svIkAra nahIM karanA caahie| manu (3 / 190) evaM kUrmapurANa ne likhA hai ki yadi koI brAhmaNa devoM evaM pitaroM ke yajJa meM AmaMtrita hone ke uparAnta niyama bhaMga karatA hai to vaha pApI hai aura dUsare janma meM ghora naraka kI yAtanA sahatA huA sUkarayoni ko prApta hotA hai| kintu roga-grasita hone para yA kisI upayukta kAraNa se na Ane para doSa nahIM lgtaa| smRtiyoM meM AmaMtrita brAhmaNoM evaM zrAddhakartA ke lie kucha kar3e evaM vizada niyamoM kI vyavasthA dI huI hai| kucha niyama to donoM ke lie samAna haiN| gautama (15 / 23-24) ne kahA hai ki usa brAhmaNa ko jisane zrAddha-bhojana kiyA hai, pUre dina bhara brahmacarya-vrata pAlana karanA cAhie, yadi vaha apanI zUdrA patnI ke sAtha sambhoga karatA hai to usake 51. akrodhanaiH zaucaparairiti gAthAmudIrayan / sAyamAmantrayedviprAn zrAddha deve ca karmaNi // prajApatismRti, 63 //

Page #244
zrAvakartA evaM dhADabhoktA ke pAlanIya niyama pitara loga usakI strI ke mala meM eka mAsa taka nivAsa karate haiN| vasiSTha0 (11 // 37) ne yaha niyama zrAddhakartA evaM AmaMtrita brAhmaNa donoM ke lie prayukta mAnA hai kintu sabhI vargoM kI striyoM kI ora nirdeza kiyA hai| manu (3 / 188) ne bhI kahA hai ki zrAddhakartA evaM zrAddhika (zrAddha meM bhojana karanevAlA) donoM ko saMyamita evaM krodhAdi bhAvoM se mukta rahanA cAhie aura (japa ke atirikta) veda kA adhyayana nahIM karanA caahie| yAjJa0 (1 / 225) ne saMkSepa meM yoM kahA hai-'unheM zarIra, vANI evaM vicAra se yAtrA, yAna, zrama, maithuna, vedAdhyayana, jhagar3A nahIM karanA cAhie aura na dina meM sonA caahie|52 aura dekhie viSNudharmasUtra (9 / 2-4) / mitA0 (yAjJa0 1179) ne pAMcaveM dina se solahaveM dina ke bIca meM apanI patnI ke sAtha saMbhoga karane ke viSaya meM apanA bhinna mata diyA hai; kintu anya lekhakoM ne (yathA hemAdri, zrA0, pR0 1006-7 evaM zrA0 pra0, pR0 111) isase bhinna mata diye haiN| kAtyAyana ke zrAddhasUtra ne vyavasthA dI hai ki zrAddhakartA ko brAhmaNoM ko AmaMtrita karane se lekara unake dvArA Acamana (zrAddha-bhojana ke uparAnta) karane taka zuci (pavitra) rahanA cAhie, krodha, zIghratA evaM pramAda se rahita honA cAhie, satya bolanA cAhie, yAtrA, maithuna, zrama, vedAdhyayana se dUra rahanA cAhie evaM vANI para niyaMtraNa rakhanA cAhie aura AmaMtrita brAhmaNoM ko bhI aisA karanA caahie| yahI bAta auzanasa meM bhI hai| aura dekhie mArkaNDeya0 (28131-33), anuzAsana0 (125 / 24)* evaM vAyu0 (79 / 60-61) / laghu zaMkha (29), laghu hArIta (75) evaM likhita (60) ne bhI yahI bAta kahI hai aura AmaMtrita brAhmaNoM ko nimna bAteM na karane ko kahA hai-'punarbhojana, yAtrA, bhAra DhonA, vedAdhyayana, maithuna, dAna denA, dAna-grahaNa aura hom|' prajApati (92) ne ina AThoM meM prathama cAra ke sthAna para nimna bAteM jor3a dI haiM-dAtuna se dA~ta svaccha karanA, tAmbUla, tela lagAkara snAna karanA evaM upvaas|' anuzAsana0 (90 / 12-13) evaM padma0 (pAtAla khaNDa, 101 / 94-95) ne na karane yogya bAtoM kI lambI sUcI dI hai| saMkSepa meM, nimna bAteM zrAddhakartA evaM zrAddha-bhoktA ke lie tyAjya haiMmaithuna, phira se bhojana, asatya bhASaNa, jaldIbAjI, vedAdhyayana, bhArI kAma, juA, bhAra DhonA, dAna denA, dAna-grahaNa karanA, corI, yAtrA, dina meM sonA, jhgdd'aa| kevala zrAddha-kartA hI nimna kArya nahIM kara sakatA-tAmbUla-carvaNa, bAla 52. Amantrito brAhmaNo vai yonyasmin kurute kssnnm| sa yAti narakaM ghoraM sUkaratvaM prayAti c|| kUrma0 (uttarArSa 22 / 7, zrA0 pra0, pR0 110) / sadyaH zrAddhI zUdrAtalpagastatpurISe mAsaM nayati pitRRn / tasmAtavahabrahmacArI syAt / gautama0 (15 / 23-24); haravata ne 'bhADI' ko vyAlyA yoM kI hai-'pAkhamanena bhuktamiti, ata initthnau|' pANini (5 / 2 / 85) meM yoM hai--'zrAvamanena bhuktminitthnau|' isameM do rUpa Aye haiM--(1) 'bArI' evaM (2) 'bhAvika / punarbhojanamadhvAnaM yAnamAyAsamaithunam / bAcchAbabhuktvaiva sarvametadvivarjayet // svAdhyAyaM kalahaM caMva divAsvapnaM ca sarvadA / matsya0 (16 / 27-28), bA0 ki0 kau0, pR. 98aura dekhie papa0 (sRsstti09|123-124)| 53. tabahaH zucirakoSano'tvarito'pramattaH satyavAdI syAvaSvamaithunakSamasvAdhyAyAnvarjayedAvAhanAdi vAgyata yopasparzanAvAmantritAzcavam / zrA0 sU0 (kaatyaayn)| punarbhojanamadhyAnaM bhArAdhyayanamathunam / dAnaM pratigrahaM homa bhArayuktvaSTa varjayet // laghuzaMkha (29, mitA0, yAsa0 10241) / milAie kUrma0 (2 / 22 / 6) evaM bhAratIya (pUrSi, 28 // 4) / 54. bhAvaMvattvA ca bhuktvA ca puruSo yaH striyaM vrajet / pitarastasya taM mAsaM tasminretasi zerate // anuzAsana (125 / 24) / yahI zloka mArkaNeya0 (28132-33), anuzAsana0 (90 / 12-13) evaM vasiSTha0 (11137) meM bhI hai| mitA0 (yAza0 1179) kA kathana hai--'evaM gacchan brahmacAryeva bhvti| ato yatra brahmacarya zrAbAdo covitaM tara gacchato'pi na brhmcryskhlndosso'sti|'

Page #245
1238 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa kaTAnA, zarIra meM tela lagAnA, dAtuna se dAMta svaccha karanA / AmaMtrita brAhmaNoM ke lie (kevala) nimna bAteM pAlanIya tha - AmaMtraNa svIkAra kara lene ke uparAnta anupasthita na honA, bhojana ke lie bulAye jAne para dera na karanA (dekhie zrAddhakalikA evaM zrAddha para pitRbhakti ) / " ati prAcIna kAla se zrAddha meM prayukta honevAle padArthoM evaM pAtroM (baratanoM) tathA usameM prayukta na honevAle padArthoM ke viSaya meM vistRta niyama cale Aye haiM / Apa0 dha0 sU0 (2 / 7 / 16 / 22-24 ) meM AyA hai" - 'zrAddha ke dravya ye haiM- tila, mASa, cAvala, yava, jala, mUla evaM phala; kintu pitara loga ghRtamizrita bhojana se bahuta kAla ke lie santuSTa ho jAte haiM; usI prakAra ve nyAyapUrNa vidhi se prApta dhana se aura use yogya vyaktiyoM ko diye jAne se santuSTa hote haiN|' aura dekhie mana ( 3 / 267 = vAyu0 83 / 3) / yAjJa0 ( 1 / 258 ) kevala itanA kahate haiM ki jo bhojana yajJa meM arpita hotA hai (haviSya) vahI khilAnA caahie| manu ( 3 / 257) ne vyAkhyA kI hai ki jaMgala meM yatiyoM dvArA khAyA jAnevAlA bhojana, (gAya kA dUdha, somarasa, binA masAloM se banA mAMsa ( arthAt jo kharAba gaMdha se mukta ho ) evaM parvatIya namaka svabhAvataH yajJiya bhojana (haviSya ) hai / gautama 0 (27 / 11 ) ke mata se yajJiya bhojana ( haviSya ), yaha hai - pakA huA cAvala ( bhakta yA bhAta), bhikSA se prApta bhojana, pIsA huA yava ( ubAlA huA, sekA huA yA sattU ) bhUsI nikAlA huA anna, yavAgU yA yAvaka, zAka, dUdha, dahI, ghRta, mUla, phala evaM jala / " smRtiyoM evaM nibandhoM ne prArambhika granthoM meM diye gaye ina saMkSipta saMketoM ko bar3hA diyA hai| tIna prakAra ke dhana ( zukla, zabala evaM kRSNa ) evaM anya nyAyocita DhaMga se prApta ( aniSiddha ) dhana ke viSaya meM dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 3 / mArkaNDeya 0 (29 / 14-15) ne ghUsa se prApta dhana yA patita ( mahApAtaka ke aparAdhI ) se liye gaye dhana, putrI kI bikrI se prApta ghana, anyAyapUrNa DhaMga se prApta dhana, 'pitA kA zrAddha karanA hai ataH kucha dhana dIjie' isa kathana se prApta dhana ko bhartsanA kI hai (smRti0, zrAddha, pR0 412 ) / skanda0 ne sAta bAtoM kI zucitA para bala diyA hai-kartA kI zucitA, dravya, patnI, zrAddha-sthala, mana, mantroM evaM brAhmaNoM kI zucitA / mana ( 3 / 235 = vasiSTha0 11 / 35) kA kathana hai-'zrAddha meM tIna vastue~ zuddhikAraka haiM, yathA-dauhitra, nepAla kA kambala evaM tila; zrAddha meM tIna bAtoM kI prazaMsA hotI hai, yathA-svacchatA, krodhahInatA aura tvarA ( zIghratA) kA abhAva / " pracetA ne zrAddha meM prayukta katipaya annoM kA 55. nimantritaH zrAddhakartA ca punarbhojanaM zramaM hiMsAM tvarAM pramAdaM bhArodvahanaM dUragamanaM kalahaM zastragrahaNaM ca varjayet / zuciH satyavAdI kSamI brahmacArI ca syAt / ( zrIdatta kA pitRbhakti nAmaka grantha) / 56. tatra dravyANi tilabhASA vrIhiyavA Apo mUlaphalAni / snehavati svevAne pitRRNAM prItirbrAghIyAMsaM ca kAlam / tathA dharmAhRtena dravyeNa tIrthapratipannena / Apa0 gha0 sU0 (2 / 7 / 16 / 22-24) / 57. carubhaikSasaktukaNayAvakazAkapayodadhighRtamUlaphalodakAni havoSyuttarottaraM prazastAni / gautama 0 (27 / 11 ) / nArAyaNa (Azva0 gR0 11916) ne isI ke anurUpa artha vAlA eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai--'payo dadhi yavAgUzca sapirodanataNDulAH / somo mAMsaM tathA tailamApastAni dazaiva tu // ' 58. trINi zrAddhe pavitrANi dauhitraH kutapastilAH / trINi cAtra prazaMsanti zaucamakrodhamatvarAm // manu (3) 235) evaM vasiSTha 0 ( 11 / 35) / aura dekhie viSNupurANa (3 / 15 / 52), bhaviSya 0 ( 1 / 185 / 20 ), mArkaNDeya 0 ( 28064), skanda 0 ( prabhAsakhaNDa, 205 / 13 ) evaM padma0 ( sRSTi0, 47 / 278-279) / manu ke pUrvavartI zloka se patA calatA hai ki dauhitra kA artha hai 'kanyA kA putr'| kintu skanda0 ( prabhAsakhaNDa, 205 / 14 ) meM isake kaI artha haiM, yathA- 'gaiMDe ke sIMga se banA pAtra', yA 'citakabarI gAya ke dUdha se banA huA ghRt|' aparAkaM ( pR0 474 )

Page #246
haviSya vastue~; nyAyAgata dhana aura sAmagrI kI pavitratA; zrAva meM grAhya evaM tyAjya anna 1239 ullekha kiyA hai| manu (3 / 255) ne niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki zrAddha meM dhana (arthAt atyanta mahatvapUrNa bAteM) ye haiMaparAhma, darbha, zrAddha ke nimitta sthAna (yA ghara) kI ucita svacchatA, tila, udAratApUrNa vyaya (bhojana Adi meM), vyaMjana evaM prasiddha (vidvAn) braahmnn| mArkaNDeya0 kA kathana hai ki jaba brahmA ne akAlapIr3ita logoM ke lie pRthivI ko duhA to kaI prakAra ke annadAtA paudhe (kucha kRSi se utpanna honevAle aura kucha jaMgala meM prApta honevAle) utpanna hae; kintu brahmavaivarta (hemAdri, zrA0, pR0567) meM AyA hai ki indra dvArA somarasa piye jAte samaya kucha bUMdeM nIce gira par3I taba unase nimna anna utpanna hue-zyAmAka, gehU~, yava, mudga evaM lAla dhAna; ye anna somarasa se utpanna hue the ataH pitaroM ke lie amRtasvarUpa haiM aura inhIM se banA huA bhojana pitaroM ko denA caahie| mArkaNDeya ne sAta prakAra ke prAmya evaM sAta prakAra ke AraNya (banale) annoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| prajApati (119) ne ATha prakAra ke annoM ke prayoga kI bAta kahI hai; nIvAra, mASa, mudga, gehU~, dhAna, yava, kaNa (bhUsI nikAlA huA anna) evaM til| matsya 0 (hemAdri, zrA0, pR0 538) ne varNana kiyA hai ki jaba sUrya ne amRta pInA Arambha kiyA to kucha bUMdeM gira par3IM jinase kaI prakAra ke dhAna , mudga evaM Ikha utpanna huI, ataH Ikha pavitra hai aura deva-pitR-yajJoM meM usakA prayoga ho sakatA hai| mArkaNDeya0 (829 / 9-11) ne zrAddhopayogI kaI annoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| brahmapurANa (220 / 154-155), vAyu0 (82 / 3), viSNupurANa (3 / 16 / 5-6), viSNudharmasUtra (80 / 1) evaM brahmANDa0 (2 / 7 / 143-152 evaM 3 / 14) meM zrAddhopayogI vibhinna annoM kI samAna sUciyA~ dI huI haiN| vAyu0 (80 / 42-48) ne vibhinna prakAra ke annoM, Ikha, ghRta evaM dUdha se banAye jAnevAle khAdya-padArthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| kucha viziSTa anna evaM khAdya-padArtha varjita mAne jAte haiN| udAharaNArtha, matsya0 (15 / 36-38) evaM pana0 (sRSTikhaNDa, 9 / 62-66) ne ghoSita kiyA hai ki masUra, sana, niSpAva, rAjamASa, kusumbhika, kodrava, udAra, canA, kapittha, madhUka evaM atasI (tIsI) varjita hai|" viSNudharmasUtra (79 / 18) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki zrAddhakartA ko rAjamASa, masUra, paryuSita (bAsI) bhojana evaM samudra ke jala se nirmita namaka kA paraheja karanA caahie| SaTtriM ne eka smRti-vacana ke AdhAra para kutapa ke nau artha diye haiM--brAhmaNaH kambalo gAvaH sUryo'gnistithireva c| tilA varbhAzca kAlazca navate kutapAH smRtaaH||' aura dekhie laghu zAtAtapa (109, thA0 ki0 ko0, pR. 317) / 59. rAjazyAmAkazyAmAko taccaiva prshaantikaa| nIvArAH pauSkarAzcava banyAni pitRtRptye|| yavatrIhisagodhUmatilamudgAH ssrsspaaH| priyaMgavaH kodravAzca nisspaavaashcaatishobhnaaH|| vA markaTakAH zrAkhe raajmaassaastyaannvH| viprUSikA masUrAzca zrAddhakarmaNi ghitaaH|| (mAkaM0 29 / 9-11) / 60. tilohiyavarmAvaradbhirmUlaphalaiH zAkaH zyAmAkaH priyaGgubhinI vAra mudgargodhUmazca mAsaM prIyante / viSNudharma0 (801) / 61. dveSyANi saMpravakSyAmi zrAve vAni yAni tu| masUrazaNaniSpAvarAjamASakusumbhikAH... krodravodAracaNakAH kapityaM mdhukaatsii|| matsya0 (15 / 36-38; hemAdri, zrA0, pR0 548-549 evaM zrA0pra0, pR040)| pana. (5 / 9 / 64-67 ; hemAdri, pR0 548) meM bhI yahI sUcI hai| hemAdri ne 'madhuka' ko 'jyeSThImadhu' kahA hai aura matsya0 meM aisA pATha hai--'kodravoddAlavarakakapitya0 / 'varaka' ko hindI meM barI kahA jAtA hai| 62. rAjamAvamasUraparyuSitakRtalavagAni c| viSNudharma0 (79 / 18); rAjamASAnmasUrAMzca kodravAn kora

Page #247
1240 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa zanmata ne zrAddha meM tila, mudga evaM mASa ke atirikta sabhI kAlI bhUsI vAle annoM ko varjita mAnA hai / sthAnAbhAva se isa viSaya meM hama aura nahIM likheNge| dekhie mitA0 ( yAjJa0 1 / 240 ) / isa grantha ke khaNDa 2, adhyAya 22 meM prayukta evaM aprayukta honevAle dUdha ke viSaya meM likhA jA cukA hai| kucha bAteM yahA~ aura dI jA rahI haiN| manu ( 3 / 271 ) evaM yAjJa0 (1 / 258) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki yadi gAya kA dUdha yA usameM bhAta pakAkara (pAyasa) diyA jAya to pitara loga eka varSa taka santuSTa rahate haiN| vAyu0 (78217), brahma0 ( 220 / 169), " mArkaNDeya 0 ( 32 / 17 / 12) evaM viSNu0 (3 / 16 / 11) ne zrAddha meM bhaiMsa, hariNI, camarI, bher3a, UMTanI, strI evaM sabhI eka khura vAle pazuoM ke dUdha evaM usase nirmita dahI evaM ghRta kA prayoga varjita mAnA hai / kintu bhaiMsa ghRta ko sumantu evaM devala ne varjita nahIM ThaharAyA hai (hemAdri, zrA0, pR0 572 ) / mArkaNDeya 0 ( 29 / 15-17), vAyu0 ( 78116) evaM viSNupurANa ( 3 / 16 / 10) ne kahA hai ki zrAddha meM prayukta honevAlA jala durgandhayukta, phenila evaM alpa jala vAlI bAvalI kA arthAt paMkila nahIM honA cAhie aura na vaha usa sthala kA honA cAhie jisake pIne para gAya kI tuSTi na ho sake, use bAsI nahIM honA cAhie, vaha usa jalAzaya kA nahIM honA cAhie jo sabako samarpita na ho aura na vaha usa hauja se liyA jAnA cAhie jisameM pazu jala pIte haiN|" zrAddha meM prayukta evaM aprayukta honevAle mUloM, phaloM evaM zAkoM ke viSaya meM katipaya niyamoM kI vyavasthA dI huI hai| udAharaNArtha, brahmapurANa (2201156-158) ne kaI prakAra ke phaloM ke nAma liye haiM, yathA-Ama, bela, dAr3ima, nAriyala, khajUra, seba, jo zrAddha meM diye jA sakate haiN| dekhie zaMkha (14 / 22-23) / vAyu0 (78 / 11-15) kA kathana hai ki lahasuna, gAjara pyAja tathA anya vastue~ jinake svAda evaM gandha bure hoM tathA veda-niSiddha vRkSa - rasa, khArI bhUmi se nikAle hue namaka Adi kA zrAddha meM grahaNa nahIM honA caahie|" aura dekhie viSNudharmasUtra (79 / 17) / " rAmAyaNa meM AyA hai ki daNDakAraNya meM rahate hue rAma ne iMgudI, badara evaM bela se pitaroM ko santuSTa kiyA; usameM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki devatAoM ko vahI bhojana arpita hotA hai jise vyakti svayaM khAtA hai / " sthAnAbhAva se smRtiyoM evaM vRSakAn / lohitAn vRkSaniryAsAn zrAddhakarmaNi varjayet // zaMkha ( 14 / 21 ) ; hemAdri (zra0, pR0 548) ne 'koraDUbaka' ko 'vanakodrava' ke artha meM liyA hai| 63. mAhiSaM cAmaraM mArga mAvikaikazaphodbhavam / streNamoSTramAMvikaM ca ( majAbIkaM ? ) dadhi kSIraM ghRtaM tyajet // brahma0 (220 / 169; hemAdri, zrA0, pR0 573 ) / 64. durgandhi phenilaM cAmba tathaivAlpatarovakam / na labhedyatra gaustRptiM naktaM yaccApyupAhRtam // yantra sarvArthamutsRSTaM yaccAbhojyanipAnajam / tadvajyaM salilaM tAta sadaiva pitRkarmaNi // mArkaNDeya0 (29 / 15 - 17) / aura dekhie brahmANDa 0 ( upodghAtapAda 14 / 26) / 65. lazunaM gRJjanaM caiva palANDaM piNDamUlakam / karambhAdyAni cAnyAni honAni rasagandhataH // ... avedoktAzca niryAsA lavaNAnyauSarANi ca / zrAddhakarmaNi varjyAni yAzca nAryo rajasvalAH / vAyu0 (78 / 12 evaM 15; hemAdri, zrA0, pR0 555 evaM smRtica0 A0, pR0 416) / smRtica0 (zrA0, pR0 415 ) ne suzruta se Der3ha zloka uddhRta kara palANDu ke dasa prakAra diye haiN| , - - - 66. pippalI - mukundaka bhUstRNa zigru sarvapa surasA sarjaka - suvarcala- kUSmANDa- alAbu - vArtAku-pAlaMkyAupoant - taNDulIyaka kusumbha- piNDAluka-mahiSIkSIrANi varjayet / vi0 dha0 sU0 (79/17) / 67. iMgudairbavabilvaM rAmastarpayate pitRRn / yavanaM puruSo bhuMkte tavAnnAstasya devatAH // rAmAyaNa, ayodhyA ( 103 /

Page #248
zrAddhopayogI jala, dUdha, zAka, phala, phUla, kuza, tila kA vicAra 1241 purANoM meM varNita bAtoM kA vistAra yahA~ nahIM diyA jA rahA hai| smRtyarthasAra (pR0 52-53), rudradhara ke zrAddhaviveka (pR0 43-47) Adi ne eka sthAna para grAhya evaM varjita bhojanoM, zAkoM, mUloM evaM phaloM kI sUcI dI hai| banAyA huA namaka vajita hai, kintu jhIla yA khAna se svAbhAvika rUpa meM prApta nhiiN| alaga se namaka nahIM diyA jA sakatA (vi0 50 sU0 79 / 12) kintu pakate hue zAka meM DAlA huA namaka varjita nahIM hai| hIMga ke viSaya meM mataikya nahIM hai (hemAdri, zrA0, pR0 565) / vi0 dha0 sU0 (79 / 5-6) meM AyA hai ki ugra gandhI yA gandhahIna puSpoM, kA~Te vAle paudhoM kI kaliyoM evaM lAla puSpoM kA prayoga vajita hai, kintu jala meM utpanna, kaNTaka vAle, gandhayukta phUloM kA cAhe ve lAla bhI kyoM na hoM, prayoga ho sakatA hai| aura dekhie zaMkha (14 // 15-16) / vAyu0 (75 / 33-35) ne bhI yahI kahA hai, kintu usane itanA jor3a diyA hai ki japA, bhaNDi, rUpikA (Aka kI) evaM kuraNTaka ke puSpa zrAddha meM varjita haiN| brahmapurANa (2201162-165) ne zrAddha meM prayukta honevAle kucha viziSTa puSpoM ke nAma diye haiM, yathA--jAtI, campaka, mallikA, AmrabIra, tulasI, tagara, ketakI tathA zveta, nIla, lAla Adi kml-pussp| smRtyarthasAra ne tulasI ko varjita vastuoM meM parigaNita kiyA hai| smRtica0 (zrA0, pR0 435) ne likhA hai ki kisa AdhAra para tulasI ko vajita kiyA gayA hai yaha spaSTa nahIM hai| zrAddha meM kuzoM kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| kuza ke viSaya meM sAmAnya vivecana ke lie dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 17 / kucha anya bAteM yahA~ jor3a dI jA rahI haiN| zatapatha brAhmaNa (7 / 2 / 3 / 2) meM AyA hai ki ve jala, jo vRtra ke lie ghRNAspada siddha hue ve marubhUmi meM cale gaye aura darbho ke podhoM meM pariNata ho gye| isI prakAra Azva0 gR0 (3 / 2 / 2) ne eka brAhmaNa-vacana kA niSkarSa dete hue kahA hai ki darbha jala evaM oSadhiyoM kA sAratattva hai| prajApati0 (98) meM AyA hai ki brAhmaNa dvArA prAtaHkAla kisI pavitra sthala se darbha ekatra kiye jAne caahie| una para mantrapATha karanA cAhie, unheM hare raMga kA honA cAhie aura gAya ke kAna kI lambAI ke barAbara honA cAhie, tabhI ve pavitra hote haiN|" gobhila gR0 (115 / 16-17) meM AyA hai-bahiM ve kuza haiM jo tane ke pAsa se nikale hue aMkuroM ke kATane se banate haiM kiMtu pitaroM ke zrAddha meM jar3a se ukhAr3e hue aMkura prayukta hote haiN| dakSa (2 / 32 evaM 35) meM AyA hai ki dina (ATha bhAgoM meM vibhakta) ke dUsare bhAga meM IMdhana, puSpa evaM kuza ekatra karane caahie| gobhilasmRti (1 / 20-21) kA kathana hai ki yajJa meM, pAkayajJoM, pitR-kRtyoM evaM vaizvadeva-kRtyoM meM kama se hare, pIle, jar3a se nikAle hue (samUla) evaM kalmASa (kRSNa-pIta) doM kA prayoga honA cAhie, hare evaM binA aMkura kaTe, cikane evaM acchI taraha bar3he, eka arani lambe evaM pitRtIrtha (hAtha ke eka viziSTa bhAga) se sparza kiye hue darbha pavitra kahe jAte haiN| padma0 (sRSTi0 11 / 92) evaM skandapuraNa (7 / 1 / 205 / 16) kA kahanA hai ki kuza evaM tila viSNu ke zarIra se 30, 104 / 15; hemAdri, zrA0, pR0 561; medhAtithi, mana 57; smRtica0, zrA0, pR0 416) / skanda0 (nAgara khaNDa, 220 / 49) meM AyA hai--'yavannaM puruSo'znAti tavanAstasya devtaaH|' 68. zatapathabrAhmaNa meM darbha ke viSaya meM nimna gAthA hai aura yaha zabda 'dR' se banA hai-'Apazca hyetA oSadhayazca yA vai vRtrAda bIbhatsamAnA Apo dhanva dRbhantya udAyaMste darbhA abhavan yadbhantya udaaystsmaaddrbhaaH| tA haitAH zukhA medhyA Apo vAbhiprakSaritA yaddasteinauSaSaya ubhayenaivainametadanena prINAti / (7 / 2 / 32) / 69. mantrapUtA haridvarNAH praatviprsmuddhRtaaH| gokarNamAtrA darbhAH syuH pavitrAH punnybhuumijaaH|| prajApati. (98) / utpATanamantra yaha hai--'viraMcinA sahotpanna prmesstthinisrgj| nuda pApAni sarvANi bhava svastikaro mm|| (smRtica0, 1, pR0 107 evaM aparArpha, pR0 458) /

Page #249
1242 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa nikale haiN| viSNudharmottara-purANa (1 / 139 / 12) meM AyA hai ki varAhAvatAra meM viSNu ke bAloM evaM pasIne se darbha utpanna huA hai| aura dekhie matsya0 (22 / 89) / garur3a0 (pretakhaNDa 2 / 21-22) kA kathana hai ki tInoM devatA kuza meM nivAsa karate haiM; brahmA jar3a meM, viSNu madhya meM aura zaMkara agra bhAga meM / brAhmaNa, mantra, kuza, agni evaM tulasIdala bAra-bAra prayukta hone para bhI nirmAlya (bAsI ata: prayoga ke lie ayogya) nahIM hote| kintu gobhila ne eka apavAda diyA hai ki ve darbha jo piNDa rakhane ke lie bichAye jAte haiM yA jo tarpaNa meM prayukta hote haiM yA jinheM lekara mala-matra tyAga kiyA jAtA hai, ve tyAjya haiM (unakA prayoga punaH punaH nahIM hotaa)| viSNu dha0 sU0 (79 / 2) evaM vAyu0 (75 / 41) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki kuzoM ke abhAva meM kAsa yA dUrvA kA prayoga ho sakatA hai| skanda0 (prabhAsa khaNDa, 7, bhAga 12206 / 17) kA kathana hai ki dAna, snAna japa, homa, bhojana evaM devapUjA meM sIdhe darzoM kA prayoga honA cAhie, kintu pitRkRtya meM unheM duharAkara prayoga meM lAnA caadie| skanda0 (7 / 1 / 205 / 16) ne kahA hai ki devakRtya meM darzoM kA UparI bhAga evaM gaitRka kRtyoM meM mUla evaM noka sahita darbha prayukta hote haiN| yaha zatapatha brAhmaNa (2 / 4 / 2 / 17) para AdhArita hai jisakA kahanA hai ki darbha kA UparI bhAga devoM kA hotA hai, madhya manuSyoM kA evaM jar3a bhAga pitaroM kaa| ___ zrAddha meM tila-prayoga ko bahuta mahattva diyA gayA hai| jaiminigRhya0 (2 / 1) kA kahanA hai ki usa samaya sAre ghara meM tila bikherA rahanA caahie| baudhA0 dha0 sU0 (21818) meM AyA hai ki jaba AmaMtrita brAhmaNa AyeM to unheM tilajala denA caahie| baudhA0 gR0 (2 / 11 / 64) kA kathana hai ki zrAddha meM dAna karane yA kucha bhAga bhojana rUpa meM yA jala ke sAtha milAne ke lie tila bahuta hI pavitra mAne gaye haiN| prajApatismRti ne cAra prakAra ke tiloM kA ullekha kiyA hai; zukla, kRSNa, ati kRSNa evaM jatila jinameM pratyeka apane pUrvavartI se apekSAkRta pitaroM ko adhika saMtuSTi denevAlA hai| te0 saM0 (5 / 4 / 3 / 2) ne jatiloM kA ullekha kiyA hai aura jaimini (10 / 8 / 7) ne isa para vivecana upasthita kiyA hai| nAradapurANa (pUrvArdha 28136) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki zrAddhakartA ko AmaMtrita brAhmaNoM ke bIca evaM dvAroM para 'apahatA asurA rakSAMsi vediSadaH' (vAja0 saM0 2 / 19) maMtra ke sAtha tila vikIrNa karane caahie| yahI maMtra yAjJa0 (2 / 234) ne bhI diyA hai jisakA artha hai-'asura aura TuSTAtmAe~ jo vedI para baiThI rahatI haiM, hata hoM evaM bhAga jaayeN|' kUrma0 (2 / 22 / 18) meM AyA hai ki caturdika tila bikhera dene cAhie aura usa sthAna para bakarI bA~dha denI cAhie, kyoMki asuroM dvArA apavitra kiyA gayA zrAddha tila aura bakarI se zuddha ho jAtA hai| viSNupurANa (3 / 16 / 14) ne kahA hai ki bhUmi para bikhere hue tiloM dvArA yAtudhAnoM (duSTAtmAoM) ko bhagAnA caahie| garuDapurANa (pratakhaNDa, 2016) ne zrI kRSNa se kahalAyA hai; 'tila mere zarIra ke sveda (pasInA) se udbhUta haiM aura pavitra haiM; asura, dAnava evaM daitya tiloM ke kAraNa bhAga jAte haiN|' anuzAsana0 (90 / 22) meM AyA hai ki binA tiloM ke zrAddha karane se yAtudhAna evaM duSTAtmAe~ havi ko uThA le jAtI haiN| kRtyaratnAkara ne eka zloka isa prakAra uddhRta kiyA hai jo tila kA ubaTana (lepa) lagAtA hai, jo tilodaka se snAna karatA hai, jo agni meM tila DAlatA hai, jo tila dAna karatA hai, jo tila khAtA hai aura jo tila upajAtA hai--vaha kabhI nahIM giratA (arthAt abhAgA nahIM hotA aura na kaSTa meM par3atA hai)| 70. viprA mantrAH kuzA vahvistulasI ca khgeshvr| naite nirmAlyatAM yAnti kriyamANAH punaH punH|| garur3a (pretakhaNDa 2122) / 71. zuklaH kRSNaH kRSNatarazcaturyo jtilstilH| uttarottarataH zrAddhe pitRRNAM tRptikArakAH // prajApati (99) / 'jatila' jaMgalI tiloM ko kahate haiN|

Page #250
zrAddhopayogI pAtroM kA vicAra 1243 arghyaM (AmaMtrita brAhmaNoM evaM piNDoM ko sammAnita karane ke lie jala ) dene, zrAddha bhojana banAne, bhojana karane evaM parosane ke lie jo pAtra hote haiM, unake viSaya meM vistAra se kahA gayA hai| kAtyAyana ke zrAddhasUtra (2) 72 meM AyA hai ki ardha-jala yajJiya vRkSoM ( palAza, azvattha evaM udumbara) se bane camasoM (pyAloM yA kaToroM) yA sone, cA~dI, tAmra, khaDga ( geMDe ke sIMga ke pAtroM), ratnoM yA pattoM ke donoM meM denA caahie| viSNu0 dha0 sU0 (79/14 / 15) meM AyA hai ki kartA ko dhAtu ke pAtroM kA, vizeSataH cA~dI ke pAtroM kA prayoga karanA caahie| mArkaNDeya ( 31 / 65) evaM vAyu0 (74 | 3 ) kA kathana hai ki pitaroM ne cA~dI ke pAtra meM svaghA duhI thI, ataH cA~dI kA pAtra pitRgaNa bahuta cAhate haiM, kyoMki usase unheM saMtoSa prApta hotA hai| vAyu0 (74 / 1 / 2), matsya 0 (17 / 19-22), brahmANDa 0 (upodghAta 1111-2 ) evaM padma0 (sRSTi 9 / 147 - 150 ) kA kathana hai ki pitaroM ke lie sone-cAMdI evaM tA~be ke pAtra upayukta' haiM; cAMdI ke viSaya meM carcA karane mAtra se, yA usake dAna se pitaroM ko svarga meM akSaya phala prApta hotA hai; arghya, piNDadAna tathA bhojana dene ke lie cA~dI ke baratanoM ko pradhAnatA milanI cAhie, kintu devakAryoM meM cA~dI kA pAtra zubha nahIM hai| aura dekhie atri (smRtica0 2, pR0 464 ) / padma0 ( sRSTi 9 / 145 - 151 ) meM AyA hai ki pAtra yajJiya kASTha, palAza, cA~dI yA samudrIya sIpa zaMkha Adi ke hone cAhie; cA~dI ziva kI A~kha se utpanna huI thI, ataH yaha pitaroM ko bahuta pyArI hai / prajApati ( 111 ) ne kahA hai ki tIna piNDoM ko sone, cAMdI, tAMbe, kA~se yA khaDga ke pAtra meM rakhanA cAhie, miTTI yA kATa ke pAtra meM nahIM / isameM puna: (112) AyA hai ki pakAnevAle pAtra tA~be yA anya dhAtuoM ke hone cAhie, kintu jala se zodhita miTTI ke pAtra ( pakAne ke lie) sarvottama haiM / lohe ke pAtra vAlA bhojana htra mAMsa ke samAna hai / phira kahA gayA hai (115) ki brAhmaNa jisa pAtra meM bhojana kare use sone, cAMdI yA pA~ca dhAtuoM se banA honA cAhie, yA patrAvalI ( pattala ) ho sakatI hai (aura dekhie matsya 0 17 / 19-20 ) / kele ke patte bhojana ke lie kucha logoM dvArA varjita mAne gaye haiM / kA~se, kharpara, zukra ( sone ), patthara, miTTI, kASTha, phala yA lohe ke pAtra se brAhmaNoM ko Acamana nahIM karanA caahie| tAMbe ke pAtra se Acamana karanA caahie| atri (153) ne kahA hai ki lohe ke pAtra se bhojana nahIM parosanA cAhie kyoMki aisA karane se bhojana mala ke samAna ho jAtA hai aura parosane vAlA naraka meM jAtA hai| zrAddha bhojana banAne ke pAtra sone, cAMdI, tAMbe, kAMse yA miTTI ke hone cAhie, kintu antima bhalI-bhAMti pakA honA cAhie; aise pAtra lohe ke kabhI nahIM hone caahie| aura dekhie zrAddha0 pra0 ( pR0 155 ) | viSNu 0 dha0 sU0 (79 / 24) ne eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai ki sone, cA~dI, tAMbe, khaDga yA phalgu (kaThagUlara) ke pAtra se diyA gayA bhojana akSaya hotA hai / " 72. yajJiyavRkSacamaseSu pavitrAntahiteSu ekaikasminnapa AsiJcati zanno devIriti / sauvarNa rAjatautumbarakhaDgamaNimayAnAM pAtrANAmanyatameSu yAni vA vidyante patrapuTeSu vaikaikasyaikena dadAti sapavitreSu hasteSu / zrAddhasUtra ( kAtyAyana, 2 ) / 73. yasvaMgirasoktam 'na jAtikusumAni na kadalIpatram' iti kadalIpatramatra bhojanamiti pAtratayA prApta niSidhyate / smRtica0 ( zrA0, pR0 434) / auroM ne kahA hai ki kadalIpatra ke viSaya meM vikalpa hai, jaisA ki kucha smRtiyoM (yathA laghvAzvalAyana 23142 ) ne kadalIpatra ko anumati de dI hai| brahmANDa0 (upodyAtapAda 21 / 35-40 ) ne ullekha kiyA hai ki palAza, azvattha, udumbara, vikakata, kAzmarya, khadira, plakSa, nyagrodha evaM bilva ke patte bhojana karane ke lie prayukta ho sakate haiN| phalgu kASTha, bela evaM bA~sa ke pAtroM kI anumati dI gayI hai, kyoMki unase kucha acche phaloM kI prApti hotI hai| 84

Page #251
1244 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa viSNu0 dha0 sU0 (79 / 11) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki AmaMtrita brAhmaNoM ke zarIra meM anulepana ke lie candana kuMkuma, kapUra, aguru evaM padmaka kA prayoga karanA caahie| brahmapurANa (220 / 165-166) ne kuSTha, jaTAmAMsI, jAtIphala, uzIra, mustA Adi kA ullekha zrAddha meM prayukta honevAle sugaMdhita padArthoM ke lie kiyA hai| zrAddha ke lie vajita evaM avajita bhojanoM ke viSaya meM hamane Upara carcA kara lI hai| matsya0 (17 / 3036) meM AyA hai ki dUdha evaM dahI tathA gAya ke ghRta evaM zakkara se mizrita bhojana sabhI pitaroM ko eka mahIne taka saMtuSTi detA hai| cAhe jo bhI bhojana ho, gAya kA dUdha yA ghI yA pAyasa (dUdha meM pakAyA huA cAvala) yadi dahI se mizrita ho to akSaya phala prApta karAtA hai| brahma0 (220 / 182-184) ne bhI kahA hai ki vaha khAdya padArtha jo mIThA evaM tailika ho aura thor3A khaTTA yA tItA ho to use zrAddha meM denA cAhie aura aise khAdya padArtha jo ati khaTTe yA namakIna yA tIte hoM, tyAjya haiM, kyoMki ve Asura (asuroM ke yogya) haiN| urada ke vibhinna vyaMjanoM para adhika bala diyA gayA hai| auzanasasmRti ne dhamakI dI hai ki jo brAhmaNa zrAddha-bhojana karate samaya mASa (urada) kA bhojana nahIM karatA, vaha mRtyUparAnta ikkIsa janmoM taka pazu hotA hai| smRti ca0 ne eka smRtivacana uddhRta karate hue kahA hai ki vaha zrAddha jisameM mApa ke vyaMjana nahIM diye jAte, asampAdita-sA hai| ati prAcIna kAla se hI lekhakoM ke bIca zrAddha ke samaya mAMsa diye jAne ke viSaya meM matabheda rahA hai| hamane isa grantha ke khaNDa 2, adhyAya 22 meM mAMsa bhakSaNa ke viSaya meM vistAra ke sAtha par3ha liyA hai| yahA~ para hama zrAddha ke samaya mAMsa bhakSaNa ke viSaya meM use duharA denA cAhate haiN| Apa0 dha0 sU0 (2 / 8 / 19 / 13-15) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki naiyamika zrAddha (prati mAsa sampAdanIya) meM mAMsamizrita bhojana avazya honA cAhie, sarvottama DhaMga hai ghRta aura mAMsa denA; ina donoM ke abhAva meM tila ke tela evaM zAkoM kA prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| vahIM sUtra (27 / 16 / 25 evaM 2 / 7 / 17 / 3)" yaha bhI kahatA hai ki zrAddha meM gomAMsa khilAne se pitara loga eka varSa ke lie saMtuSTa ho jAte haiM, bhaisa kA mAMsa khilAne se pitasaMtuSTi eka sAla se adhika kI ho jAtI hai| yahI niyama jaMgalI pazuoM (kharagoza Adi), grAmINa pazuoM (bakarI Adi) ke mAMsa ke viSaya meM bhI hai / pitR-saMtuSTi ananta kAla ke lie bar3ha jAtI hai yadi meMr3e ke carma para baiThe hue brAhmaNoM ko geMr3e kA mAMsa khilAyA jaay| yahI bAta'zatabali' nAmaka machalI ke mAMsa evaM vArSINasa ke mAMsa ke viSaya meM bhI hai| vasiSTha (11134) meM vacana AyA hai-'devoM yA pitaroM ke kRtya meM AmaMtrita saMnyAsI yadi mAMsa nahIM khAtA to vaha usa pazu ke zarIra ke (jisake mAMsa ko vaha nahIM khAtA) bAloM kI saMkhyA ke barAbara varSoM taka naraka meM rahatA hai| yahA~ taka ki viSNudharmottara purANa (1 / 140 / 49-50) ne bhI dRDhatApUrvaka kahA hai ki jo vyakti zrAddha meM bhojana karanevAloM kI paMkti meM parose gaye mAMsa kA bhakSaNa nahIM karatA, vaha naraka meM jAtA hai| manu (5 / 35) evaM kUrma0 (2 / 17 / 40) 74. yo nAznAti dvijo mASa niyuktaH pitRkarmaNi / sa pretya pazutAM yAti santatAmekaviMzatim // auzanasasmRti (5, pR0 531) / 75. saMvatsaraM gavyena priitiH| bhUyAMsamato mAhiSeNa / etena grAmyAraNyAnAM pazUnAM mAMsa medhyaM vyAkhyAtam / khagopastaraNe khaDagamAMsenAnantyaM kaalm| tathA zatabalematsyasya mAMsena vANasasya c| Apa050 sa0 (217 16 / 25 evaM 2771733) / vArSINasa yA vAghroNasa ko lAla bakarA kahA gayA hai jo 'tripina' (jisake kAna itane lambe hote haiM ki jala pIte samaya jala ko sparza karate haiM) hotA hai aura jo bar3I avasthA kA yA jhuNDa meM sabase bar3AhotA hai| tripibamindriyakSINaM yUthasyAnacaraM tthaa| raktavarNa tu rAjendra chAgaM vArSINasaM viduH|| viSNudharmottara (13141148) / pAnI pIte samaya mukha evaM donoM kAnoM se mAno pAnI piyA jAtA hai, isI se tripiba nAma par3A (medhAtithi, manu 3 / 27) /

Page #252
zrAddha meM mAMsa bhojana kA vidhAna tathA parihAra 1245 meM bhI isI prakAra kA vacana AyA hai jo zrAddha ke samaya AmaMtrita sabhI brAhmaNoM ke lie vaisI hI bAta kahatA hai| kUrma 0 (2 / 22 / 75 ) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki vaha brAhmaNa, jo zrAddha karma meM niyukta rahatA hai aura arpita mAMsa kA bhakSaNa nahIM karatA, to vaha 21 janmoM taka pazu hotA hai| manu ( 3 / 257 ) kA kahanA hai ki nimnalikhita vastue~ svabhAvataH zrAddha meM samyak AhutiyA~ haiM -- (nIvAra Adi se nirmita) bhojana jo vAnaprastha ke yogya hotA hai, dUdha, somarasa, vaha mAMsa jisase durgandha nahIM nikalatI aura binA banAyA gayA namaka / sAmAnyataH saMnyAsiyoM ke lie mAMsa khAnA Avazyaka nahIM thA; kintu vasiSTha ne zrAddha ke samaya unheM bhI khAne ke lie bala diyA hai / manu ( 3 / 267-272), yAjJa0 ( 1 / 258-260), viSNudha0 sU0 (8011), anuzAsana 0 ( adhyAya 88 ), zrAddhasUtra ( kAtyA0 kaNDikAe~, 7-8 ), kUrma0 (2/20140-42 evaM 29 / 2-8), vAyu0 (8313-9), matsya 0 ( 17 / 3135), viSNupurANa ( 3 / 16 / 1-3), padma0 ( sRSTi0 9 / 158 - 164), brahmANDa0 ( 220 / 23 - 29), viSNudharmottara ( 11141142 - 47 ) ne vistAra ke sAtha zrAddha bhojana meM vibhinna prakAra ke pazuoM ke mAMsa-prayoga se utpanna pitaroM kI santuSTi kA varNana kiyA hai| yAjJa0 kA varNana saMkSipta hai aura hama use hI nIce de rahe haiM / yAjJa0 ( 1 / 258 - 261 ) kA kathana hai-- pitara loga yajJiya bhojana ( yathA -- cAvala, phala, mUla Adi) se eka mAsa; godugdha evaM pAyasa se eka varSa; 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 evaM 11 mahInoM taka krama se pAThIna (machalI), lohita hariNa, bher3a, pakSI ( yathA tittira), bakarA, citakabare hariNa, kRSNa hariNa, ruru hariNa, banale sUara evaM kharagoza ke mAMsa se ; khaDga, mahAzalka machalI ke mAMsa, madhu, yati ke yogya bhojana, lohita bakare, mahAzAka ( kAlazAka) evaM vArSINasa ke mAMsa se ananta kAla taka tRpta hote haiM / " kucha granthoM ke bhinna mata haiN| manu ( 3 / 267 evaM 271), kAtyAyana (zrAddhasUtra, 7) ne kahA hai ki grAma ke anna, yathA cAvala, mASa Adi se bane bhojana se yA jaMgalI khAdya-padArtha, yathA nIvAra yA phala-mUla se santuSTi kevala eka mAsa kI hotI hai tathA vArSINasa ke mAMsa se kevala 12 varSoM taka ( sadaiva ke lie nahIM ) / viSNudha0 (80110 ) evaM manu ( 3 / 270 ) ne bhaiMsa evaM kachue ke mAMsa se krama se 10 evaM 11 mAsa kI santuSTi kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| hemAdri ( zra0 10 590) ne kahA hai ki kAlaviSayaka bAtoM ko yathAzruta zAbdika rUpa meM nahIM lenA cAhie, kevala itanA hI smaraNa rakhanA yatheSTa hai ki mAMsa-prakAra ke arpaNa se usI prakAra kI adhikatara santuSTi hotI hai / pulastya ( mitA0 evaM aparArka, pR0 555 ) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki brAhmaNa dvArA sAmAnyataH zrAddha meM yati-bhojana arpaNa karanA cAhie, kSatriya yA vaizya dvArA mAMsa arpaNa, zUdra dvArA madhu kA arpaNa karanA caahie| (ina ke atirikta) sabhI vargoM dvArA ajita bhojana kA arpaNa karanA caahie| cAhe koI bhI kartA ho, bhojana karane vAle kevala brAhmaNa hI hote haiM; to isase spaSTa hai ki kSatriya yA vaizya dvArA Amantrita brAhmaNa ko mAMsa khAnA par3atA thA / tathApi yaha jJAtavya hai ki mitA0 evaM kalpataru (1100-1120 I0 ke lagabhaga praNIta) ne spaSTataH yaha nahIM kahA hai ki kaliyuga meM kama-se-kama brAhmaNoM ke lie mAMsa-prayoga sarvathA varjita hai / hamane yaha bahuta pahale dekha liyA hai ( dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2 adhyAya 2 ) ki Rgveda evaM brAhmaNa granthoM ke kAla meM, jaba ki pazuyajJa nirbAva hotA thA, eka antarhita bhAvanA yaha thI ki mitrAoM yA bhAta kA arpaNa jaba devoM ke prati bhaktipUrvaka hotA thA to vaha devoM ke anugraha kI prApti ke lie mAMsA 76. haviSyAnena vai mAsaM pAyasena tu vatsaram / mAtsyahAriNakaura bhrazAkunacchAgapArSataiH // aiNarauravavArAzAmasiMryathAkramam / mAsavRddhyAbhitRpyanti vattairiha pitAmahAH / khaDgAmiSaM mahAzalkaM madhu munyannameva vA / lauhAmiSaM mahAzAkaM mAMsaM vANasasya ca // yaddadAti gayAsthazca sarvamAnantyamaznute / yAjJa0 (1 / 258-261) / mitA0 ne 'mahAzAka' ko kAlazAka kahA hai|

Page #253
1246 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa rpaNa ke samAna hI thaa| kAlAntara meM yaha bhAvanA tIvra se itanI tIvratara hotI calI gayI ki manu (5 / 27-44 vaM 5 / 4647) evaM vasiSTha meM do mata prakaTa ho gaye (dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 22) / kramazaH 12vIM evaM 13vIM zatAbdI ke Ate-Ate madhaparka evaM zrAddhoM meM mAMsArpaNa sarvathA tyAjya mAnA jAne lagA aura Age calakara vaha kaliyuga meM vartya ho gayA (dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 3, adhyAya 34) / Aja ke bhArata meM kevala uttarI bhAga meM, jahA~ bhojana meM machalI kA prayoga hotA hai (baMgAla evaM mithilA meM), zrAddha meM mAMsArpaNa hotA hai, anyatra nhiiN| sambhavata: bRhannAradIya purANa ke anusAra hI uttara bhArata kA aisA AcAra hai, kyoMki usameM AyA hai ki dezAcAra ke anusAra madhu, mAMsa evaM anya padArtha diye jA sakate haiN| pRthvIcandrodaya ne aisI hI vyAkhyA kI hai| manu (5 / 11-18) meM aise pazuoM, pakSiyoM evaM machaliyoM kI lambI khAdya-sUcI pAyI jAtI hai jo mAMsabhakSiyoM ke lie bhI vajita thii| daridratA kI avasthA meM, kucha purANoM, yathA viSNu0 (3 / 4124-30), varAha0 (13 / 53-58) Adi ne bar3I rvaka vyavasthA dI hai ki bar3A bhoja na karake yA mAMsa na khilAkara daridra loga kevala asiddha anna, kucha jaMgalI zAkapAta yA kucha dakSiNA Adi de sakate haiM, yA kucha (7 yA 8) tila hI aMjali meM jala lekara kisI brAhmaNa ko de sakate haiM, yA kisI gAya ko dina bhara ke lie dhAsa de sakate haiM; kintu yadi inameM se kucha bhI na ho sake to daridra kartA ko cAhie ki vaha vRkSoM ke jhaMDa meM jAkara, hAtha uThAkara dikpAloM evaM sUrya se nimna zabdoM meM prArthanA kare-'mere pAsa na to dhana hai aura na rupaye-paise, jinase maiM pitaroM kA zrAddha kara sakU~, maiM pitaroM ko praNAma karatA hU~, pitara loga merI bhakti se santuSTa hoM; maiMne ye hAtha AkAza (arthAt vAyu ke mArga) meM phailA diye haiN|' pArvaNa zrAddha aba hama pArvaNa zrAddha kI vidhi kA varNana upasthita kareMge, kyoMki vahI anya zrAddhoM yahA~ taka ki aSTakAoM kI bhI vidhi yA prakRti hai| isa viSaya meM sUtrakAla se lekara aba taka vibhinna mata prakAzita hue haiN| yadyapi pramukha bAteM evaM stara sAmAnyataH samAna hI haiM, kintu prayukta mantroM, vistAroM evaM katipaya viSayoM ke krama meM bheda pAyA jAtA hai| kAtyAyana (zrAddhasUtra) ne kahA hai ki 'svAhA' yA 'svadhA namaH' ke prayoga, yajJopavIta yA prAcInAvIta DhaMga se janeU pahanane evaM AhutiyoM kI saMkhyA Adi ke viSaya meM vyakti ko apane sUtra kI AjJA mAnanI caahie| atyanta prAcIna veda-vacanoM meM pita-yajJa ke saMketoM kA patA calAnA manoraMjaka carcA hogii| tai0 saM0 (1185 / 1-2) meM cAra cAturmAsyoM meM tIsare sAkamedha ke antargata mahApitRyajJa kA ullekha hai--"vaha pitaroM ke sAtha soma ko SaTkapAla puroDAza arpita karatA hai bahiSad (darbha para yA yajJa meM baiThe hue) pitaroM ko bhunA anna detA hai, agniSvAtta pitaroM ke lie vaha abhivAnyA gAya (jisakA bachar3A mara gayA ho aura jise dUsare bachar3e se duhane kA prayatna kiyA jAya) 77. 'pArvaNa' evaM 'ekoddiSTa' Adi zabdoM kI vyAkhyA pahale kI jA cakI hai| amAvAsyA vAlA zrAsa nitya hai (gautama0 15 / 1) kintu kisI mAsa ke kRSNa pakSa kI kinhIM tithiyoM meM kiye gaye zrAddha kAmya kahalAte haiN| aura dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 3, adhyAya 29) / 78. tathA ca kAtyAyanaH / svAhA svadhA namaH savyamapasavyaM tathaiva ca / AhutInAM tu yA saMkhyA sAvagamyA svsuutrtH|| madanapA0 (pR0 592); smRtica0 (zrA0, pR.0 458) / hemAdri (zrA0, pR0 356) meM AyA hai--'ete devAdiviSayo yadIyeSu kalpasUtragRhyasUtreSUktAste tadIyA eveti vyavasthayA boddhvyaaH|'

Page #254
vaidika sAhitya meM pitR-pUjana saMbandhI vidhAna 1247 kA dUdha duhatA hai| he pitA, yaha tumhAre lie hai aura unake lie bhI jo tumhAre bAda Ate haiM (arthAt tumhAre vaMzajoM ke lie bhI); he pitAmaha, yaha tumhAre evaM prapitAmaha aura unake lie, jo tumhAre pazcAt AyeMge, hai; he pitara, Apa apane apane bhAga paaie| he indra, jo hama para dRSTi pherate haiM, hama Apako prasanna kara sakeM, Aie apane rathAsana para baiThakara hama logoM kI stuti pAkara Apa apane icchita sthAna ko cale jaayeN| he indra, apane do piMgala ghor3oM ko jotie| ve (pitara loga) khA cuke haiM, santuSTi prApta kara cuke haiM aura pyAre logoM ne (duSTa) ko bhagA diyA hai, jyotiSmAn RSiyoM kI bandanA navInatama stotra se ho cukI hai, he indra, apane piMgala varNa vAle ghor3oM ko jota liijie| pitaroM ne khA liyA hai, pitaroM ne Ananda manA liyA hai, ve prasanna ho cuke haiM aura apane ko pavitra kara liyA hai| he somapriya pitaro, apane gambhIra evaM purAne mArgoM se cale jaaie| aba Apa loga jise bhalI bhA~ti jAnate haiM usa yama ke yahA~ pahu~ce aura usake sAtha Ananda mnaaye|" tai0 brA0 (112 / 10) meM piNDapitRyajJa kA varNana vistAra se huA hai| hama usakI katipaya bAteM cunakara nIce de rahe haiM-"darzaSTi ke eka dina pUrva yahA~ (piNDapitRyajJa kA) kRtya sampAdita hotA hai| kartA kahatA hai--'pitaroM dvArA pIye gaye soma ko svadhA nmH|' vaha kahatA hai--'kavya DhonevAle agni ko svadhA namaH / ' (isake dvArA)vaha pitaroM kI agni ko prasanna karatA hai| vaha (agni meM) tIna AhutiyA~ DAlatA hai; vaha (pRthvI para bichAye hue darzoM para). tIna piNDa rakhatA hai| (ye) isa prakAra chaH kI saMkhyA meM Ate haiN| vAstava meM, Rtue~ chaH haiN| vaha (unake dvArA) RtuoM ko prasanna karatA hai| vAstava meM Rtu hI divya yA devatulya pitara haiN|...drbh eka kATa meM kATe gaye haiM; pitara loga sadA ke lie cale-se gaye haiN| vaha (piNDoM ko) tIna bAra rakhatA hai| pitara loga yahA~ se tIsare loka meM haiN| vaha (isake dvArA) unheM prasanna karatA hai| vaha (kartA) dakSiNa se uttara kI ora apanA mukha kara detA hai, kyoMki pitara loga lajjAla haiN| vaha taba taka apane sukha ko haTAye rahatA hai jaba taka ki (piNDoM ke bhAta se) bhApa uThanA banda na ho jAya ; kyoMki pitara loga bhApa se apanA bhAga lete haiM; use kevala piNDanAMdha lenI cAhie, mAno vaha na khAne yA khAne ke barAbara hai| (zrAddha-kRtya se) jAte samaya pitara loga zUra putra ko le jAte haiM yA usakA dAna karate haiN| vaha vastra kA eka khaNDa (piNDoM para rakhane ke lie) phAr3a letA hai| kyoMki pitaroM kA bhAga vaha hai jise (arpita hone para) ve le lete haiN| (isake dvArA) vaha pitaroM ko (alaga-alaga) bhAga detA hai (aura unheM cale jAne ko kahatA hai)| yadi kartA DhalatI avasthA meM (50 varSa se Age kI avasthA meM) rahatA hai to vaha chAtI ke bAla kATatA hai (dazA ko nahIM detaa)| usa avasthA (arthAt 50 varSa se Upara kI avasthA) meM vaha pitaroM ke pAsa rahatA hai| vaha namaskAra karatA hai, kyoMki pitaroM ko namaskAra priya hai| he pitara, zakti ke lie tumheM namaskAra; jIvana ke lie tumheM namaskAra; svadhA ke lie tumheM namaskAra; utsAha ke lie tumheM namaskAra; ghora (bhayAnakatA) ke lie tumheM namaskAra; tumheM nmskaar| yaha (piNDapitRyajJa) vAstava meM manuSyoM kA yajJa (mRtAtmAoM ke lie yajJa) hai, aura anya yajJa devoM ke lie haiN|" tai0 brA0 (1 / 4 / 10) meM sAkamedha ke sAtha sampAdita pitRyajJa kI prazaMsA hai (2 meM) aura Age aisA kahA gayA hai ki Rtu pitara haiM aura unhoMne apane pitA prajApati kA pitR-yajJa kiyaa| yaha ukti manu evaM kucha nibandhoM kI usa vyavasthA ko pramANita karatI hai ki Rtu pitaroM ke samAna haiM aura unakA sammAna kiyA jAnA caahie| zatapathabrAhmaNa (2 / 4 / 2) meM piNDapitRyajJa kA apekSAkRta adhika pUrNa varNana milatA hai| hama kucha anAvazyaka bAtoM ko chor3akara use uddhRta kara rahe haiM--"jaba candra pUrva yA pazcima meM nahIM dikhAI par3atA, taba vaha (darza yajJa kA kartA) pratyeka mAsa meM pitaroM ko bhojana detA hai|... . vaha aisA aparAla meM karatA hai| pUrvAhR devoM kA hai, madhyAhna manuSyoM kA hai aura aparAhma pitaroM kA hai| gArhapatya agni ke pRSTha bhAga meM baiThakara, dakSiNAbhimukha hokara evaM yajJopavIta dAhine kaMdhe para rakhakara vaha (gAr3I se arpaNa ke lie) sAmAna grahaNa karatA hai| isake uparAnta vaha vahA~ se uThatA hai aura dakSiNAgni

Page #255
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa 1248 ke uttara khar3A hokara evaM dakSiNAbhimukha hokara bhUsI haTAkara cAvala nikalatA hai| vaha cAvala kevala eka hI bAra svaccha karatA hai| kyoMki pitara loga sadA ke lie (eka hI bAra ) cale jAyA karate haiM / taba vaha unheM ubAlatA hai / vaha (dakSiNAgni para) khar3A rahakara hI usameM ghRta DAlatA hai| vahAM se haTakara vaha agni meM do AhutiyAM DAlatA hai / . vaha pitRyajJa meM saMlagna hai; ( usase) vaha devoM ko prasanna karatA hai aura devoM se anumati lekara vaha pitaroM ko bhojana detA hai| vaha agni evaM soma donoM ko detA hai / vaha 'kavyavAha ( pitaroM kI AhutiyoM ko DhonevAle ) agni ko svAhA' maMtra ke sAtha Ahuti detA hai / yaha mantra bhI kahatA hai - 'pitaroM ke sAtha rahanevAle soma ko svAhA / ' vaha taba mekSaNa ( caMmaca jisase pakatI huI vastu calAyI jAtI hai) ko agni para rakhatA hai, vaha sviSTakRt ke pratinidhi svarUpa arthAt usake sthAna para aisA karatA hai| isake uparAnta vaha dakSiNAgni ke dakSiNa spaya se eka rekhA khIMca detA hai, jo vedI ke abhAva kI pUrti karatI hai| taba vaha aura dakSiNa kI ora rekhA ke anta bhAga para agni rakhatA hai; kyoMki aisA na karane se pitaroM ke bhojana ko asura evaM rAkSasa azuddha kara deNge|.... vaha aisA karate hue kahatA hai--' vibhinna rUpa dhAraNa karake, choTe yA bar3e zarIra meM jo asura svadhA ( pitaroM kI Ahuti ) se AkRSTa hokara idhara-udhara vicaraNa kiyA karate haiM, unheM agni isa saMsAra se haTA deM' (vAja0 saM0 2130 ) ; . taba vaha jala-pAtra uThAtA hai aura pitaroM ke hAtha dhulAtA hai (aisA karate hue vaha pitA pitAmaha, prapitAmaha ke nAma letA hai) / yaha usI prakAra kiyA jAtA hai, jaisA ki atithi ko khilAte samaya kiyA jAtA hai| isake uparAnta darbha ko eka bAra meM alaga karatA hai aura jar3a se kATa letI hai; UparI bhAga devoM kA, madhya bhAga manuSyoM kA evaM mUla bhAga pitaroM kA hotA hai| isI lie ve (darbha) jar3a ke pAsa se kATe jAte haiN| vaha unheM rekhA se saTAkara UparI bhAga ko dakSiNa meM karake rakhatA hai| isake uparAnta vaha pitaroM ko bhAta ke tIna piNDa detA hai| vaha isa prakAra detA hai -- devoM ke lie isa prakAra; manuSyoM ke lie darvI se uThAkara ; aisA hI pitaroM ke lie bhI karatA hai; ataH vaha isa prakAra pitaroM ko piNDa detA hai / 'Apake lie yaha' aisA kahakara yajamAna ke pitA ko detA hai (nAma liyA jAtA hai)| kucha loga jor3a dete haiM 'unake lie jo pazcAt AyeMge', kintu vaha aisA na kare, kyoMki vaha bhI to bAda ko AnevAloM meM sammilita hai / ataH vaha kevala itanA hI kahe--'amuka amuka, yaha Apake lie hai|' aisA hI vaha pitAmaha evaM prapitAmaha ke lie bhI karatA hai|... taba vaha kahatA hai--'he pitara, yahA~ Ananda manAo, bailoM ke samAna apane-apane bhAga para juTa jAo ! ' ( vAja0 saM0 2031 ) / isake uparAnta vaha dakSiNAbhimukha jAtA hai, kyoMki pitara loga manuSyoM se dUra rahate haiM, ataH vaha bhI isa prakAra (pitaroM) se dUra hai| use sA~sa rokakara khar3A rahanA cAhie yA jaba taka sA~sa na TUTe taba taka, jaisA ki kucha logoM kA kahanA hai, 'kyoMki isase zakti kI bahuta vRddhi hotI hai|' astu, eka kSaNa aise khar3e rahane ke uparAnta vaha dAhinI ora dhUma jAtA hai aura kahatA hai- 'pitara loga santuSTa ho gaye haiM, baila kI bhAMti ve apane-apane bhAga para A gaye haiM' (vAja0 saM0 2 / 31) / isake uparAnta vaha piNDoM para jala DhArakara pitaroM se hathoM ko svaccha karane ko kahatA hai| aisA vaha alaga-alaga nAma lekara pitA, pitAmaha evaM prapitAmaha ko svaccha karAtA hai| aisA usI prakAra kiyA jAtA hai jaisA ki atithi ke sAtha hotA hai| taba vaha ( yajamAna apanA kaTi vastra ) khIMcakara namaskAra karatA hai| aisA karanA pitaroM ko priya hai / namaskAra chaH bAra kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki Rtue~ chaH haiM aura pitara loga Rtue~ haiN| vaha kahatA hai, 'he pitA, hameM ghara do', kyoMki pitara loga gharoM ke zAsaka hote haiM, aura yaha yajJa-sampAdana ke samaya kalyANa ke lie stuti hai | jaba piNDa ( kisI thAla meM) alaga rakha diye jAte haiM to yajamAna unheM sUghatA hai; yaha sUMghanA hI yajamAna kA bhAga hai| eka bAra meM kATe gaye darbha agni meM rakha diye jAte haiM aura vaha rekhA ke anta vAle ulmuka (agni- khaNDa) ko bhI agni meM DAla detA hai / " yaha jJAtavya hai ki pArvaNa zrAddha ke bahuta se pramukha tattva zatapatha brAhmaNa meM spaSTa rUpa se varNita haiM / hama unheM eka

Page #256
vaidika evaM sUtra graMthoM meM pitR pUjana saMbandhI vidhAna 1249 sthAna para yoM rakhate haiM ---- janeU ko dAhine kaMdhe para rakhanA, aparAhna ke samaya sampAdana, cAvaloM ko kevala eka bAra svaccha karanA, unako dakSiNAgni para rakhanA, usI agni meM sarvaprathama devoM ko do AhutiyA~ denA, agni kavyavAhana evaM soma pitRmAn ko arpaNa karate samaya ke do maMtra, dakSiNa-agni ke dakSiNa rekhA yA kUDa banAnA, agni (agni- kASTha yA ulmuka) rakhanA, tInoM pitaroM ko avanejana ( jala se mArjana ) karAnA, jar3a sameta darbha ko alaga karanA, darbhoM ko rekhA para rakhanA aura tIna piNDoM ko upara tIna pitaroM ke lie rakhanA, eka kSaNa ke lie piNDoM se mukha haTA lenA aura punaH jyoM kA tyoM ho jAnA, taba yaha kahanA ki pitara santuSTa ho gaye haiM, pratyavanejana ( punaH jala se svaccha ) karAnA, yajamAna kA vastra khIMcanA tathA chaH bAra abhivAdana karanA ( evaM pitaroM ko chaH RtuoM ke samAna samajhanA ), pitaroM se ghara dene ke lie prArthanA karanA, piNDa ko sUMghanA, darbhoM evaM ulmuka ko agni meM DAlanA / Ajakala bhI zukla yajurvedI logoM dvArA pArvaNa zrAddha meM ye hI vidhiyoM kI jAtI haiM, kevala kucha bAteM aura jor3a dI gayI haiM, yathA--mAtA ke pitaroM ko bulAnA evaM anya mantroM kA uccAraNa / kAtyAyana (zrAddhasUtra 4 / 1 ) ne zatapathabrAhmaNa kA anugamana kiyA hai kintu kucha bAteM jor3a dI haiM, yathA-- hAtha jor3anA aura chaH mantroM kA pATha karanA (vAja0 saM0 2132, namo vaH pitaro rasAya Adi), etadva: ( vAja0 saM0 2133 ) ke sAtha piNDoM para tIna sUtoM yA paridhAna kA UnI bhAga yA yajamAna kI chAtI ke bAla ( jaba ki vaha 50 varSa se Upara kA ho ) rakhanA, vAja0 saM0 (2134 ) ke sAtha piNDoM para unake pAsa jala chir3akanA / " anya saMhitAoM meM bhI samAna mantra pAye jAte haiN| udAharaNArtha, vAja0 saM0 (2129 --- 34) ke mantra sAkamegha meM sampAdita hone vAle piNDapitRyajJa meM prayukta hote haiM / maitrAyaNI sa0 ( 111-13 / 20 - 21 ) ke bahuta-se mantra vAja0 saM0 yA tai0 brA0 ( 1 / 10 / 3-11 ) ke haiN| isI prakAra anya mantra bhI samAna hI haiM / aba hama sUtra - sAhitya kI ora Ate haiN| hama Azva0 gR0 (4 / 7-8 ) meM ullikhita pArvaNa zrAddha kI vidhi kA varNana kreNge| anAkulA vyAkhyA ( Apa0 gu0, 21 / 1 ) meM kahA hai ki aSTakA evaM anya zrAddhoM kI, jinameM tIna pUrvapuruSa bulAye jAte haiM, vidhi yA prakRti mAsizrAddha ( mAsika zrAddha ) vAlI hI hotI hai| yaha isa prakAra hai--" pArvaNa zrAddha, kAmya zrAddha, Abhyudayika zrAddha yA ekoddiSTa zrAddha meM aise brAhmaNoM ko baiThatA hai jo vidyA, naitika caritra evaM sAdhu-AcaraNa se yukta hote haiM, yA jo inameM se kisI eka se yukta hote haiM, jo ucita kAla meM Amantrita hue haiM, jinhoMne snAna kara liyA hai, jinake paira ( yajamAna dvArA ) dho diye gaye haiM, jo Acamana kara cuke haiM, jo pitaroM ke pratinidhi yA barAbara haiM aura eka-eka, do-do evaM tIna-tIna kI saMkhyA meM pratyeka pitara ke pratinidhisvarUpa uttara mukha karake baiTha gaye haiM / jitane adhika brAhmaNa AmaMtrita hue ho utanA hI adhika phala prApta hotA hai, kintu sabhI pitaroM ke lie eka hI brAhmaNa nahIM bulAnA cAhie; yA prathama zrAddha ko chor3akara anyoM meM eka brAhmaNa bhI bulAyA jA sakatA hai| piNDapitRyajJa kI vidhi meM hI pArvaNa zrAddha ke niyama saMnihita haiM / brAhmaNoM ke hAthoM meM, jaba ve baiTha jAte haiM, jala dete haiM evaM darbha kI noka duharAkara gAMTha dene (jina para ve baiThAye jAya~ge) ke uparAnta, unako punaH jala dene evaM sone-cA~dI, patthara ke evaM miTTI ke pAtroM meM jala DhArane yA eka hI dravya se bane pAtroM meM jo darbhoM se Dha~ke hue haiM jala DhArane ke uparAnta evaM pAtroM ke jala para R0 (10 / 9 / 4) ke 'zanno devI' ke pATha ke uparAnta yajamAna jala meM tila DAlatA hai aura nimna mantro 79. jaba pitaroM ko piNDa diyA jAtA hai to yaha pitRtIrtha (a~gUThe evaM tarjanI ke bIca ke bhAga) se diyA jAtA hai / yajamAna kRtya ke Arambha hone para eka uttarIya dhAraNa karatA hai, jisakI dazA yA binA bunA huA kinArA vaha kamara meM lapeTe hue vastra (nIvI) se jor3a detA hai| use hI vaha Age khIMca letA hai|

Page #257
1250 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ccAraNa karatA hai - 'tuma tila ho, soma tumhAre devatA haiM, gosava yajJa meM tuma devoM dvArA utpanna kiye gaye ho, !,... Faat! namaH / ' kRtya ke vibhinna bhAga dAhine se bAyeM kiye jAte haiM / bAyeM hAtha ke pitRtIrtha se, kyoMki vaha yajJopavIta dAhine kaMdhe para rakhatA hai yA dAhine hAtha se jo bAyeM se saMlagna rahatA hai, vaha pitaroM ko arghya nimna zabdoM ke sAtha detA hai"'pitA, yaha tumhAre lie arghya hai, pitAmaha, yaha tumhAre lie arghya hai, prapitAmaha, yaha tumhAre lie arghya hai|' brAhmaNoM ko arghya lene ke lie prerita karate samaya kevala eka bAra 'svadhA ! ye arghyajala haiM' kahanA cAhie aura usake uparAnta yaha bAta una jaloM ke lie bhI kahanI cAhie jo DhAre jAte haiM; aisA karate samaya yaha kahanA cAhie- 'ye svargika jala jo pRthivI para evaM vAyavya sthaloM para utpanna hue haiM aura ve jala jo bhautika haiM, jo sunahale raMga ke haiM aura yajJa ke yogya haiM-aise jala hamAre pAsa kalyANa le AyeM aura hama para anugraha kreN| bace hue jala ko arghya - jala rakhanevAle pAtroM meM rakhatA huA vaha (yajamAna) yadi putra kI icchA rakhatA hai to apanA mukha usase dhotA hai| vaha usa pAtra ko jisameM pitaroM ke lie arghyajala DhArA jAtA hai, taba taka nahIM haTAtA jaba taka kRtya samApta nahIM ho jAtA, usameM pitara antahita rahate haiM; aisA zaunaka ne kahA hai / usI samaya candana, puSpa, dhUpa, dIpa evaM vastra brAhmaNoM ko diye jAte haiM / ( piNDapitRyajJa ke lie upasthApita sthAlIpAka se ) kucha bhojana lekara aura usa para ghI chir3akakara vaha brAhmaNoM se ina zabdoM meM anumati mA~gatA hai, 'maiM ise agni meM arpita karU~gA, yA mujhe agni meM ise arpita karane diijie|' anumati isa prakAra milatI hai, 'aisA hI kiyA jAya' yA 'aisA hI kro'| taba vaha, jaisA ki Upara kahA jA cukA hai, agni meM yA yadi brAhmaNa anumati deM to, unake hAthoM meM Ahuti detA hai; kyoMki brAhmaNa-grantha meM AyA hai--'agni vAstava meM pitaroM kA mukha hai / ' yadi vaha brAhmaNoM ke hAthoM meM arpaNa karatA hai to usake lie alaga bhojana detA hai jaba ki ve Acamana kara cuke rahate haiM aura zeSa bhojana usa bhojana meM milA diyA jAtA hai jo brAhmaNoM ko parosA jAtA hai, kyoMki aisA kahA gayA hai ki jo kucha vyakta hotA hai vaha brAhmaNoM ko diyA jAtA hai| jaba vaha dekhatA hai ki brAhmaNa loga zrAddha bhojana se saMtRpta ho cuke haiM to use 'madhu' (R0 1 / 90 / 6-8) evaM 'unhoMne khA liyA hai, unhoMne Ananda manA liyA hai', R0 ( 118212 ) ke maMtroM ko sunAnA caahie| brAhmaNoM se yaha pUchakara ki kyA bhojana acchA thA ? (ve uttara deMge ki acchA thA ) aura vibhinna prakAra ke bhojanoM ke kucha bhAgoM ko lekara sthAlIpAka ke bhojana ke sAtha ( usakA piNDa banAne ke lie ) vaha zeSa bhojana brAhmaNoM ko de detA hai / unake dvArA asvIkRta kiye jAne yA apane kuTumba yA mitroM ko diye jAne kI anumati pAkara vaha pitaroM ke lie piNDa rakhatA hai| kucha AcAryoM ke mata se brAhmaNoM ke Acamana ( bhojanoparAnta uThane ke pazcAt ) ke uparAnta piNDa rakhe jAte haiM / zeSAnna ke pAsa pRthivI para bhojana bikherane ke uparAnta aura janeU ko bAyeM kaMdhe para rakhakara use (prathama pAtra ko jisakA mukha nIce thA, haTAne evaM brAhmaNoM ko dakSiNA dene ke pazcAt ) brAhmaNoM se yaha kahate hue ki 'om kaho, svadhA' yA 'oM svadhA!', brAhmaNoM ko bidA denI caahie|" sthAnAbhAva se hamAre lie Rgveda ke vibhinna gRhyasUtroM, taittirIya zAkhA ( baudhAyana, Apastamba, hiraNyakezI, bharadvAja evaM vaikhAnasa ) ke gRhyasUtroM, vAjasaneyI zAkhA ( kAtyAyana ke zrAddha sUtra ), sAmaveda ke ( yathA - gobhila evaM khAdira) tathA atharvaveda ( kauzika sUtra ) ke gRhyasUtroM meM diye gaye mata-matAntaroM kA vivecana karanA sambhava nahIM hai / aba hama chandobaddha smRtiyoM kI ora jhukate haiN| manu ( 3 / 208-265 ) ne zrAddha kI vidhi kA savistara varNana kiyA hai / kintu yAjJavalkyasmRti ( 11226-249) kA varNana kucha saMkSipta hai aura sAtha hI sAtha adhika prAMjala 80. jala yA jala-yukta cAvala, puSpa Adi jo sammAnya devoM yA zraddhAspada logoM ko arpaNa kiyA jAtA hai, use arghyaM kahA jAtA hai|

Page #258
smRti granthoM meM pArvaNa zrAddha kA vidhAna 1251 DhaMga se likhA gayA hai| ataH hama use hI prastuta karate haiM--" jaba AmaMtrita brAhmaNa aparAhna meM Ate haiM to kartA dAhine hAtha meM pavitra dhAraNa karake" unheM Asana detA hai aura Acamana karAtA hai| yajamAna kI sAmarthya ke anusAra AmaMtrita brAhmaNoM ko devakRtya ( arthAt vaizvadevika karma ) meM 2, 4, 6 Adi kI sama saMkhyA meM evaM pitaroM ke zrAddha (pArvaNa zrAddha) meM viSama saMkhyA meM ( 3 yA 5 Adi) honA cAhie; unheM gobara se lepita, pavitra, caturdik ghirI huI evaM dakSiNa kI ora DhAlU bhUmi meM baiThAnA caahie| devakRtya (pArvaNa zrAddha kA vaha bhAga jisameM vizvedeva bulAye jAte haiM) meM do brAhmaNoM ko pUrva kI ora baiThAnA cAhie aura pitaroM ke kRtya meM tIna brAhmaNoM ko uttarAbhimukha baiThAnA cAhie yA donoM (daiva evaM pitrya) meM eka-eka brAhmaNa bhI baiThAyA jA sakatA hai| yahI niyama mAtRpakSa ke pitaroM ke zrAddha ke lie bhI prayukta hotA hai / pitRzrAddha evaM mAtAmaha zrAddha meM vizvedevoM kI pUjA alaga-alaga yA sAtha-sAtha kI jA sakatI hai| isake uparAnta brAhmaNoM ke hAthoM meM (vizvedevoM ke sammAna meM kiye jAnevAle kRtya ke lie prastuta) jala DhArane evaM Asana ke lie ( unakI dAyIM ora) kuza dene ke uparAnta use (yajamAna ko ) AmaMtrita brAhmaNoM kI anumati se vizvedevoM kA AvAhana R0 (2 / 42 / 13 yA 6 / 52 / 7 ) evaM vAja0 saM0 (7134) ke mantra ke sAtha karanA caahie| vizvedevoM ke pratinidhisvarUpa brAhmaNoM ke pAsa vAlI bhUmi para yava bikherane cAhie aura taba dhAtu Adi ke eka pAtra meM pavitra jala evaM yava tathA candana- puSpa DAlane ke uparAnta use brAhmaNoM ke hAthoM meM arghya denA cAhie ( ina kRtyoM ke sAtha bahuta-se mantra bhI haiM jinheM hama sthAnAbhAva se chor3a rahe haiN)| isake uparAnta hAtha dhone ke lie vaizvadeva-brAhmaNa yA brAhmaNoM ke hAtha meM jala DhAranA cAhie aura unheM gaMdha, puSpa, dhUpa, dIpa evaM vastra denA caahie| isake uparAnta dAhine kaMdhe para janeU dhAraNa karake (arthAt prAcInAvItI DhaMga se hokara ) kartA ko pitaroM ko (arthAt pratinidhisvarUpa tIna brAhmaNoM ko) duharAye hue kuza (jala ke sAtha) bAyIM ora Asana ke lie dene cAhie (arthAt pahale se diye gaye Asana kI bAyIM ora viSTara para kuza rakhe jAne cAhie), taba use brAhmaNoM se AjJA lekara pitaroM kA AvAhana karanA caahie| .. brAhmaNoM ke cAroM ora tila bikherane ke uparAnta kartA ko sabhI upayogoM ke lie yatroM ke sthAna para tila kA prayoga karanA cAhie aura devakRtya meM kiye gaye sabhI kRtya ( yathA arghya Adi ) sampAdita karane caahie| arghya dene ke uparAnta use brAhmaNoM ke hAthoM kI a~guliyoM se girate hue jala-kaNoM ko eka pAtra ( pitRpAtra) meM ekatra karanA cAhie aura use phira pRthivI para ulaTa denA cAhie (dakSiNa kI ora ke aMkuroM vAle kuzoM ke eka guccha ke Upara) aura mantroccAraNa karanA caahie| taba 'agnIkaraNa' (yajJa meM arpaNa) karane ke samaya vaha ghRtamizrita bhojana letA hai, brAhmaNoM se AjJA mA~gatA hai aura unase anumati milane para agni meM (ghRtamizrita bhojana ke do khaNDa) piNDapitRyajJa kI vidhi ke anusAra mekSaNa dvArA DAlatA hai|" use samyak DhaMga se zrAddha karane kI icchA se do khaNDoM ke uparAnta bace hue bhojana ko pitrya brAhmaNoM ko khilAne ke nimitta rakhe gaye pAtroM meM, jo vizeSataH cA~dI ke hote haiM, parosanA caahie| pAtroM meM bhojana parosane ke uparAnta use una pAtroM para isa mantra kA pATha 81. 'pavitra' ke artha ke lie dekhie isa graMtha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 27 / dAhine hAtha yA donoM hAthoM meM anAmikA aMgulI meM darbhoM ko jo a~gUThI pahanI jAtI hai, use loga 'pavitra' kahate haiN| mitAkSarA ne kahA hai ki AmaMtrita brAhmaNoM ko bhI pavitra dhAraNa karanA caahie| pavitra zabda kI paribhASA ke lie dekhie gobhilasmRti (1 / 28) evaM aparArka (pR0 43 evaM 480 ) / 82. mekSaNa azvattha kASTha kA eka aratni lambA daNDa hotA hai jisake eka sire para cAra aMgula lambAI meM golAkAra paTTa hotA hai / yaha baTaloI meM pakatI huI sAmagriyoM ko milAne meM prayukta hotA hai| 85

Page #259
1252 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa karanA cAhie, 'pRthivI tumhArA Azraya hai|' use brAhmaNoM ke aMgUThoM ko pakar3akara bhojana para rakhanA caahie| kartA ko gAyatrI mantra (R0 3 / 62 / 10, vAja0 saM0 3135 evaM tai0 saM0 1 / 5 / 6 / 4) kA pATha om, vyAhRtiyoM evaM 'madhuvAtA' (R0 1190 / 6-8, vAja0 saM0 13 / 27-29, tai0 saM0 4 / 2 / 9 / 3) se Arambha honevAle tIna maMtroM ke sAtha karanA caahie| use kahanA cAhie, 'ruci ke sAtha bhojana kreN|' brAhmaNoM ko mauna rUpa se khAnA caahie| binA krodha evaM zoragula ke use bhojana parosanA cAhie aura zrAddha meM havi ke samAna bhojana denA cAhie, aisA taba taka karate jAnA cAhie jaba taka ve pUrNa rUpa se santuSTa na ho jAyeM aura unake pAtroM meM kucha chUTa na jaay| jaba taka brAhmaNa khAte rahate haiM taba taka vaidika mantroM evaM japa ke mantroM (gAyatrI mantra Adi, yAjJa0 11239) kA pATha hotA rahanA caahie| mitA0 (yAja0 11240 ) ne pATha ke lie puruSasUkta (R0 10 / 9011-16) evaM pAvamAnI sUkta (R0 ke naveM maNDala vAlA) batalAye haiM, jaisA ki medhAtithi (manu 3386) evaM haradatta (gautama0 19 / 12) ne kahA hai| manu (3 / 232) ne pATha ke lie anya granthoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai, yathA--dharmazAstra, AkhyAna, itihAsa (mahAbhArata), purANa evaM khila (zrIsUkta evaM vidyAsUkta ke samAna rcnaa)| brahma-bhoja ke samaya yajamAna dvArA paThanIya pavitra uktiyoM ke viSaya meM mata-matAntara haiN| hama unakA ullekha nahIM kreNge| isake uparAnta hAtha meM bhojana lekara kartA ko brAhmaNoM se pUchanA cAhie, 'kyA Apa santuSTa ho gaye ?' uttara mila jAne ke uparAnta use kahanA cAhie ki abhI bhojana bahuta hai aura maiM itanA rakhakara kyA kruuNgaa| jaba brAhmaNa loga yaha kaha deM ki vaha use apane mitroM evaM sambandhiyoM meM bA~Ta de, to use zeSa bhojana ko dakSiNAbhimukha vAle darzoM para rakha denA cAhie aura mantra kahanA cAhie-'unake lie, jo jalAye gaye the yA nahIM jalAye gaye the aadi|' isake uparAnta vaha pratyeka brAhmaNa ke hAtha meM jala DhAratA hai jisase vaha apanA mukha Adi dho le| isake uparAnta pAtroM se bhojana kA kucha bhAga nikAlakara, usameM tila milAkara, dakSiNAbhimukha hokara brAhmaNoM dvArA chor3e gaye bhojana ke pAsa piNDa banAkara rakha detA hai| mAtR-pakSa ke pitaroM ke lie bhI yahI vidhi prayukta hotI hai| isake uparAnta kartA brAhmaNoM ko Acamana ke lie jala detA hai| taba brAhmaNoM se AzIrvAda mAMgatA hai| jaba brAhmaNa 'svasti' kaha dete haiM to vaha brAhmaNoM ke hAtha meM jala DhAratA hai aura kahatA hai, 'yaha akSaya ho|' isake uparAnta sAmarthya ke anusAra dakSiNA dekara kartA brAhmaNoM se kahatA hai, 'kyA maiM Apase punaH 'svadhA' kahane kI prArthanA kara sakatA hU~ ?' jaba ve aisA karane kI anumati dete haiM to vaha kahatA hai-'sambandhita vyaktiyoM (pitara evaM mAtRkula ke pUrvaja) ke lie svadhA kA udghoSa honA caahie|' taba brAhmaNa kahate haiM-'svadhA ho|' jaba brAhmaNa aisA kara lete haiM to vaha pRthivI para jala chir3akatA hai aura kahatA hai-'vizvedeva prasanna hoN|' jaba brAhmaNa kaha dete haiM ki 'vizvedeva prasanna hoM to vaha nimna bAta kahatA hai-'hamAre kula meM dAtAoM kI vRddhi ho, vedAdhyayana bar3he, santati bar3he, pitaroM ke prati hamArI bhakti na ghaTe, dAna dene ke lie hamAre pAsa pracura padArtha hoN|' yaha kahakara, prasanna karanevAle zabda kahakara, unake caraNoM para girakara (unakI pradakSiNA karane ke uparAnta) aura svayaM pramudita hokara unase jAne ke lie nimna mantra ke sAtha kahanA cAhie-'vAje vAje' (R0 7 / 3818, vAja0 saM0 21111, tai0 saM0 117 / 8 / 2) / unakA jAnA isa prakAra honA cAhie ki pitR-brAhmaNa pahale prasthAna kareM; pahale prapitAmaha, taba pitAmaha, pitA aura taba vizvedeva ke pratinidhi jaayeN| vaha pAtra jisameM pahale arghya ke samaya brAhmaNoM ke hAtha se TapakA huA jala ekatra kiyA gayA thA, sIdhA kara diyA jAtA hai taba brAhmaNoM ko vidA kiyA jAtA hai| sImA taka brAhmaNoM ko vidA kiyA jAtA hai aura pradakSiNA karake lauTa AyA jAtA hai| isake uparAnta zeSa bhojana kA kucha bhAga vaha svayaM khAtA hai| zrAddhadina kI rAtri meM bhojana karane vAle brAhmaNa evaM zrAddhakartA saMbhoga nahIM krte|" aura dekhie mitA0 (yAjJa0 1249) / bahuta-se purANoM meM pratyeka amAvAsyA para kiye jAnevAle zrAddha ke viSaya meM vizada varNana milatA hai| udAharaNArtha matsya0 (17 // 12-60), viSNu0 (3 / 15 / 13-49), mArkaNDeya0 (28137-60), kUrma0 (2 / 22 / 20-62), pama0

Page #260
purANoM meM pArvaNa zrAddha kA vidhAna 1253 ( sRSTikhaNDa, 9 / 140-186), brahmANDa 0 ( upodghAtapAda, pra0 12 ), skanda0 ( 6 / 22413 - 51 ), viSNudharmottara 0 ( 1 / 14016-44) / agni0 ( 163 / 2-42) meM do-eka bAtoM ko chor3akara yAjJa0 ( 1 / 227 - 270 ) kI sabhI bAteM yathAvat pAyI jAtI haiM; isI prakAra isa purANa ke adhyAya 117 meM bahuta-se zloka Azva0 gR0 evaM yAjJa0 ke samAna haiM / yahI bAta bahuta se anya purANoM ke sAtha bhI pAyI jAtI hai| isI prakAra garur3apurANa meM bahuta-se zloka yAjJavalkyasmRti ke samAna haiM; udAharaNArtha, milAie yAjJa0 1 / 229-239 evaM garuDa0 1 / 99 / 11-19 / purANoM kI bAteM gRhyasUtroM, mana evaM yAjJa0 se bahuta milatI haiM, unake mantra evaM sUtra samAna hI haiM, kahIM-kahIM kucha bAteM jor3a dI gayI haiN| varAhapurANa (14 / 51) meM AyA hai ki sabhI purANoM meM zrAddha vidhi eka sI hai ( iyaM sarvapurANeSu sAmAnyA paitRkI kriyA) / padma0 ( sRSTi0, 9 / 140-186) kA niSkarSa yahA~ diyA jA rahA hai--kartA vizvedevoM ko (AmaMtrita brAhmaNa yA brAhmaNoM ko, jo vizvedevoM kA pratinidhitva karate haiM) jau evaM puSpoM ke sAtha do Asana dekara sammAnita karane ke uparAnta do pAtra jala se bharatA hai aura unheM darbhoM ke pavitra para rakhatA hai| jalArpaNa R0 (10 / 9 / 4) ke 'zanno devI0 ' mantra ke sAtha evaM jau kA arpaNa 'yavosi 0' ke sAtha hotA hai| unheM 'vizvedevAH' (R0 2 / 41 / 13 ) ke sAtha bulAyA jAtA hai aura yavoM ko 'vizve devAsaH' (R0 2 / 41 / 13-14) mantroM se bikherA jAtA hai / use ina mantroM ke sAtha yavoM ko bikheranA cAhie- 'tuma yava ho, annoM ke rAjA ho Adi / ' brAhmaNoM ko candana evaM phUloM se pUjita karane ke uparAnta unheM 'yA divyA' * mantra se sammAnita karanA caahie| arghya se vaizvadeva brAhmaNoM ko sammAnita karane ke pazcAt use (kartA ko ) pitRyajJa Arambha karanA caahie| use darbhoM kA Asana banAnA cAhie, tIna pAtroM kI pUjA karanI cAhie, una para pavitra rakhakara 'zanno devI0' (R0 101914 ) ke sAtha jala bharanA cAhie aura unameM tila DAlane cAhie aura taba unameM candana evaM puSpa DAlane cAhie ( zloka 147 152 meM pAtroM kA varNana hai, jo prayoga meM lAye jAte haiM) / isake uparAnta use pUrva puruSoM ke nAma evaM gotra kA udghoSa karake brAhmaNoM ke hAtha meM darbha denA cAhie / taba vaha brAhmaNoM se prArthanA karatA hai - 'maiM pitaroM kA AvAhana karU~gA / ' jaba brAhmaNa uttara dete haiM- 'aisA hI ho', taba vaha R0 (10 / 16 / 12) evaM vAja0 saM0 (1958) ke uccAraNa ke sAtha pitaroM kA AvAhana karatA hai| isake pazcAt pitR brAhmaNoM ko arghya 'yA divyA' 0 ke sAtha dekara, candana, puSpa Adi ( anta meM vastra ) se sammAnita kara use arghyapAtroM ke zeSa jala ko pitA vAle pAtra meM ekatra karanA cAhie aura use uttara dizA meM alaga ulaTakara rakha denA cAhie evaM 'tuma pitaroM ke Asana ho' aisA kahanA caahie| taba donoM hAthoM dvArA una pAtroM ko, jinameM bhojana banA thA, lAkara vibhinna prakAra ke bhojanoM ko parosanA cAhie ( zloka 157-165 meM vibhinna prakAra ke bhojanoM evaM unake dvArA pitaroM kI santuSTi ke kAloM kA varNana hai ) / jaba brAhmaNa khAte rahate haiM, usa samaya use pitR-saMbandhI vaidika mantroM," purANokta brahmA kI 83. kina mantroM kA pATha honA cAhie, isa viSaya meM padma0 (sRSTi0 9 / 165-169 ) ke zloka aparArka ( 10 502 ) ne uddhRta kiye haiN| pahalA zloka 'svAdhyAya Adi' manu ( 31232) kA hai| milAie nAradapurANa (pUrvArdha, 28/65-68) jisameM anyoM ke sAtha rakSoghna, vaiSNava evaM paitRka (R0 10 / 15 / 1-13) mantroM, puruSasUkta, trima evaM trisuparNa kA bhI ullekha hai| hemAdri (zrA0, pR0 1075 ) ke mata se zAntika adhyAya vAja0 saM0 (36 10 ) hai, jo 'zaM no vAtaH pavatAm' se Arambha hotA hai| madhubrAhmaNa vahI hai jise bRha0 u0 (225, 'iyaM pRthivI sarveSAM bhUtAnAM madhu' se Arambha honevAle ) evaM chAndogya0 (3|1, 'asau vA Avityo devamadhu' se Arambha honevAle) meM maghuvidyA kahA gayA hai / maNDalabrAhmaNa eka upaniSad hai / padmapurANa ke pATha vAle zlokoM meM dI gayI bAteM matsya 0 ( 17737-39) meM bhI haiN| hemAdri evaM zra0 pra0 kA kathana hai ki yadi vyakti ko adhika nahIM jJAta hai to use gAyatrI mantra kA pATha karanA cAhie /

Page #261
1254 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa katipaya prazastiyoM aura viSNu, sUrya, rudra kI prazastiyoM, indra ko saMbodhita mantra, rudra evaM soma vAle mantra tathA pAvamAnI mantra, bRhat, rathantara evaM jyeSTha sAma, zAntikalpa ke adhyAya (duSTAtmAoM ko dUra karane vAle kRtya yA lakSaNa batAne vAle aMza), madhubrAhmaNa, maNDalabrAhmaNa tathA una sabhI kA pATha, jinase brAhmaNoM evaM kartA ko Ananda milatA hai, karanA caahie| mahAbhArata kA bhI pATha honA cAhie, kyoMki pitaroM ko vaha bahuta priya hai| brAhmaNoM ke bhojanoparAnta kartA ko sabhI prakAra ke khAdya-padArthoM se kucha-kucha bhAga eka piNDa ke rUpa meM le lenA cAhie aura use bhojana karane vAle brAhmaNoM ke samakSa rakhe pAtroM ke Age (pRthivI para darbho ke Upara) rakha denA cAhie aura yaha kahanA cAhie-'pRthivI para rakhe hue bhojana se hamAre kula ke ve loga, jo jalAye gaye the yA nahIM jalAye gaye the, santoSa prApta kareM aura santuSTi prApta karane ke uparAnta ve ucca lokoM (yA kalyANa ) kI prApti kreN| yaha bhojana, jo una logoM kI santuSTi ke lie arpita hai, jinake na pitA haiM, na mAtA haiM, na sambandhI haiM, na koI mitra hai aura jinheM (zrAddha meM kisI ke dvArA arpita) bhojana nahIM prApta hai, unake sAtha mile aura jAya, jahA~ ise jAne kI AvazyakatA pdd'e|' zrAddha meM pake hue bhojana kA zeSAMza evaM pRthivI para rakhA huA bhojana una logoM kA bhAga hai, jo caula, upanayana Adi saMskAra ke binA hI mRta ho cuke haiM, jinhoMne apane guruoM kA tyAga kara diyA thA, yaha una kula kI striyoM ke lie bhI hai jo avivAhita thiiN| yaha dekhakara ki sabhI brAhmaNa santuSTa ho cuke haiM, kartA ko pratyeka brAhmaNa ke hAtha meM jala denA cAhie, gobara evaM gomUtra se lepita bhUmi para unakI noka dakSiNa ora karake rakhanA cAhie aura una para piNDapitRyajJa kI vidhi se sabhI prakAra ke bhojanoM (zrAddha meM pakAye gaye) se banAye gaye piNDoM ko jala se siMcita kara rakhanA caahie| use piNDa diye jAnevAle pitaroM kA nAma evaM gotra bola lenA cAhie aura puSpa,dIpa, gaMdha, candana Adi arpaNa karake piNDoM para punaH jala car3hAnA caahie| use darbha hAtha meM lekara piNDoM kI tIna bAra parikramA karanI cAhie aura unheM dIpoM evaM puSpoM kA arpaNa karanA caahie| bhojanoparAnta jaba brAhmaNa Acamana kareM to use bhI Acamana karanA cAhie aura eka bAra punaH brAhmaNoM ko jala, puSpa evaM akSata dene cAhie, taba tila yukta akSayyodaka denA caahie| isake uparAnta use apanI zakti ke anusAra gaue~, bhUmi, sonA, paridhAna, bhavya zayana evaM brAhmaNoM ke icchita padArtha yA apanI yA pitA kI pasanda kI vastue~ denI caahie|"daan dene meM use (kartA ko) kRpaNatA nahIM pradarzita karanI caahie| isake uparAnta vaha brAhmaNoM se svadhA kahane kI prArthanA karatA hai aura unheM vaisA karanA cAhie / taba use brAhmaNoM se nimna AzIrvAda mAMganA cAhie aura pUrvAbhimukha ho AzIrvacana sunane cAhie-'pitara hamAre lie kRpAlu ho', brAhmaNa kaheMge-'aisA hI ho'; 'hamAre kula kI vRddhi ho, ve kaheMge-'aisA kula ke dAtA samRddhi ko prApta hoM aura vedoM evaM santati kI vRddhi ho tathA ye AzIrvacana satya rUpa meM pratiphalita ho', brAhmaNa kaheMge--'aisA hI ho|' isake uparAnta kartA piNDoM ko haTAtA hai, aura brAhmaNoM se 'svasti' kahane kI prArthanA karatA hai aura ve vaisA karate haiN| jaba taka brAhmaNa vidA nahIM ho jAte taba taka unake dvArA chor3A gayA bhojana 84. pana0 (sRsstti0,9|180) meM AyA hai-gobhUhiraNyavAsAMsi bhavyAni zayanAni ca / dadyAdhAviSTaM viprANAmAtmanaH pitureva ca // zrAddha meM bhUmidAna ke viSaya meM kaI eka abhilekha evaM likhita pramANa haiN| prayAga meM kiye gaye (gAMgeyadeva ke)sAMvatsarika zrAkha ke avasara para eka brAhmaNa ko diye gaye 'susi' nAmaka grAma ke dAna kI carcA gAMgeyadeva ke putra karNadeva ke abhilekha (utkIrNa lekha) meM huI hai (san 1042 ii.)| aura dekhie iNDiyana eNTIkverI (jilba 16, 10 204-207 evaM jilda 29, bhAga 1 evaM 2, san 1948,1041) / AzramavAsikaparva (14 // 3-4) meM AyA hai ki yudhiSThira ne bhISma, droNa, duryodhana Adi ke bAda meM brAhmaNoM ko sonA, ratnoM, dAsoM, kambaloM, grAmoM, bhUmiyoM, hAthiyoM, ghor3oM (unake AsanoM evaM jInoM ke sAtha) evaM kanyAoM ke dAna kiye the|

Page #262
eka zAkhAnuyAyI ke lie anya zAkhA kI vidhi mAnya hai yA nahIM ? 1255 haTAyA nahIM jAtA aura na vahA~ saphAI Adi kI jaatii| isake uparAnta vaha vaizvadeva, balihoma Adi Ahnika kRtya karatA hai / tyakta bhojana (brAhmaNoM dvArA pRthivI para chor3a gaye khAdya-padArtha) una dAsoM kA bhAga hotA hai, jo acche evaM AjJAkArI hote haiM / kartA eka jalapUrNa pAtra ko le jAkara 'vAje vAje' (R0 7038 / 8, vAja0 saM0 9118, tai0 sa0 17/8/2 ) ke sAtha kuzoM kI nokoM se brAhmaNoM ko sparza karatA huA unheM jAne ko kahatA hai / apane ghara se bAhara ATha pagoM taka use unakA anusaraNa karanA cAhie aura unakI pradakSiNA karake apane sambandhiyoM, putroM, patnI ke sAtha lauTa AnA cAhie aura taba Ahnika vaizvadeva evaM balihoma karanA caahie| isake uparAnta use apane sambandhiyoM, putroM, atithiyoM evaM naukaroM ke sAtha brAhmaNoM dvArA khAye jAne ke uparAnta bhojana - pAtra meM bacA huA bhojana pAnA caahie| hamane yaha dekha liyA ki padmapurANa kI bAteM ( mantroM ke sAtha) yAjJavalkyasmRti se bahuta milatI haiN| kisI bhI purANa kI vidhi usake lekhaka kI zAkhA evaM usake dvArA adhIta sUtra para nirbhara hai| katipaya gRhyasUtroM, smRtiyoM evaM purANoM meM pAye gaye mata-matAntaroM ko dekhakara yaha prazna uThatA hai ki kyA kartA apane veda yA zAkhA ke gRhyasUtra ke anusAra zrAddha kare yA anya sUtroM evaM smRtiyoM meM diye hue katipaya viSayoM ke (jo usakI zAkhA ke sUtra yA kalpa meM nahIM haiM ) upasaMhAra ko lekara zrAddha kare / hemAdri (zrA0, pR0 748-759 ) ne vistAra ke sAtha evaM medhAtithi ( manu 2 / 29 evaM 11 / 216), mitA0 ( yAjJa0 3 / 325), aparArka ( pR0 1053) Adi ne saMkSepa meM isa prazna para vicAra kiyA hai| jo loga apane sUtra meM diye gaye niyamoM ke pratipAlana meM Agraha pradarzita karate haiM, ve aisA kahate haiM- 'yadi apane sUtra ke niyamoM ke atirikta anya niyamoM kA bhI prayoga hogA to kramoM evaM kAloM meM virodha utpanna ho jAyagA / itanA hI nahIM, vaisA karane se kula paramparA bhI TUTa jAyagI / dekhie viSNudharmottara 0 (2 / 127 / 148 - 149) 5 / smRtiyoM meM jo atirikta bAteM dI huI haiM, ve unake lie haiM jinake apane kalpa yA gRhyasUtra nahIM hote, yA ve zUdroM ke lie upayogI siddha ho sakatI haiN| jo loga aisA kahate haiM ki eka hI kRtya ke viSaya meM kahe gaye gRhyasUtroM evaM smRtiyoM ke vacanoM ko yathAsambhava prayoga meM lAnA cAhie, ve jaimini0 (2 / 4 / 8-33) para nirbhara haiM, jo zAkhAntarAdhikaraNa nyAya yA sarvazAstrApratyaya nyAya kahalAtA hai / isa sUtra meM yaha pratipAdita hai ki vibhinna sUtroM evaM smRtiyoM meM kisI kRtya ke prayojana evaM phala eka hI haiN| udAharaNArtha, dravya evaM devatA samAna hI haiM (pArvaNa zrAddha meM pitara loga hI devatA haiM aura sabhI granthoM meM kuza, tila, jala, pAtra, bhojana Adi dravya eka-se hI haiM) vidhi eka-sI hai aura nAma (pArvaNa zrAddha, ekoddiSTa zrAddha Adi) bhI samAna hI haiM / ataH spaSTa hai ki ina samAna lakSaNoM ke kAraNa sabhI sUtra eka hI bAta kahate haiM, kintu jo antara pAyA jAtA hai, vaha vistAra mAtra / aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki smRtiyA~ kevala unhIM logoM ke lie upayogI haiM, jinake apane sUtra nahIM hote| apanI kula paramparA yA jAti-paramparA se tInoM varNoM ke loga kisI-na-kisI sUtra se avazya sambandhita haiN| isI prakAra aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki smRtiyA~ kevala zUdroM ke lie haiM, kyoMki smRtiyA~ mukhyataH upanayana, vedAagnihotra evaM aisI hI anya bAtoM kA vivecana karatI haiM, jinase zUdroM kA koI samparka nahIM hai / isI prakAra usa viSaya meM bhI, jo yaha kahA gayA hai ki anya sUtroM evaM smRtiyoM kI bAtoM ko lene se kRtya ke krama evaM kAla meM bheda utpanna ho jAyagA, . jaimini0 ( 1 / 3 / 5-7 ) ne uttara diyA hai ( isa para vistAra ke sAtha isa grantha ke khaNDa 3, adhyAya 32 meM vicAra ho cukA hai) / niSkarSa yaha nikAlA gayA hai ki jaba matabheda na ho, arthAt apanI zAkhA yA sUtra ke kRtya karane meM dhyayana, 85. yaH svasUtramatikramya parasUtreNa vartate / apramANamRSiM kRtvA sopyadharmeNa yujyate // viSNudharmottarapurANa (2 / 1271148-149 ) /

Page #263
1256 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa dUsarI zAkhA yA sUtra ke viSaya binA kisI bheda ke liye jAye to ThIka hai, kintu yadi vibheda par3a jAya to apanI zAkhA ke sUtra kA hI avalambana karanA caahie| yadi koI bAta dUsarI zAkhA ke sUtra meM pAyI jAya aura apanI zAkhA meM na ho to use vikalpa se grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| 'sarvazAkhApratyaya nyAya' ke AdhAra para madhyakAlika nibandhoM ne smRtiyoM evaM purANoM se lekara zrAddhoM ke viSaya meM bahuta-sI aisI bAteM sammilita kara lI haiM jo Arambhika rUpa meM ati vistRta nahIM thiiN| kUrma (uttarArSa, 22 / 20-21) meM AyA hai ki madhyAhna samApta hone ke pUrva hI Amantrita brAhmaNoM ko ghara para bulAnA caahie| brAhmaNoM ko bAla kaTavAne, nakha kaTavAne ke uparAnta usa samaya AnA caahie| kartA ko dA~ta svaccha karane ke lie sAmAna denA cAhie, unheM alaga-alaga AsanoM para baiThAnA cAhie aura snAna ke lie tela eva jala denA caahie| yaha jJAtavya honA cAhie ki ye bAteM Azva0 gR0, manu (3 / 208), yAjJa0 (11226) evaM kucha anya purANoM meM bhI nahIM pAyI jaatiiN| udAharaNArtha, varAha0 (1418) ne svAgata karane ke uparAnta aparAla meM brAhmaNoM ko Asana dene kI vidhi batalAyI hai| isI prakAra ke bahata-se udAharaNa diye jA sakate haiM, kintu sthAnAbhAva se aisA na kiyA jaaygaa| madhya kAla ke nibandhoM meM evaM Ajakala pAyI jAnevAlI pArvaNazrAddha-vidhi ke varNana ke pUrva hama kucha viSayoM kA vivecana kareMge, jinake viSaya meM mata-matAntara haiM aura jo sAmAnya rUpa se mahattvapUrNa haiN| __ aparAla meM jaba Amantrita brAhmaNa A jAte haiM to unheM sammAna dene ke lie kartA ke ghara ke sAmane do maNDala banAye jAte haiM, aisA kucha purANoM meM AyA hai| udAharaNArtha nAradapurANa meM AyA hai-'brAhmaNa kartA ke lie maNDala kA AkAra vargAkAra honA cAhie, kSatriya ke lie tribhujAkAra, vaizya ke lie vRttAkAra aura zUdroM ke lie pRthivI para kevala jala chir3aka denA paryApta hai| gobara aura jalamizrita gomUtra se pRthivI ko pavitra karake maNDala kA nirmANa karanA caahie| do maNDaloM meM eka uttara dizA meM DhAlU bhUmi para honA cAhie aura dUsarA dakSiNa dizA meM dakSiNa kI or| uttarI maNDala para pUrva kI ora noka karake kuzoM ko akSatoM ke sAtha rakhanA cAhie aura dakSiNI maNDala gara tiloM ke sAtha duharAye hue kuza rakhane caahie| uttarI maNDala sAmAnyata: donoM ora do hAthoM kI lambAI kA aura dakSiNI maNDala donoM ora cAra hAthoM kI lambAI kA honA caahie| kartA dvArA dAhinA ghuTanA mor3akara vizvedevoM ke pratisvarUpa brAhmaNoM kA satkAra uttarI maNDala para jala se unake paira dhokara karanA cAhie aura pitaroM ke pratinidhi brAhmaNoM kA sammAna bAyA~ ghuTanA mor3akara unake paira (pAdya) dhokara kiyA jAnA caahie| pAdya arpaNa (pAda-prakSAlana) ke samaya kA mantra hai'zanno devI' (R0 10 / 9 / 4) / mantra pATha ke uparAnta use vizvedeva brAhmaNoM evaM pitrya brAhmaNoM ko jala denA caahie| pAdya jala ke uparAnta brAhmaNa maNDaloM ke sAmane Ate haiM aura Acamana karate haiN| prAcIna sUtra evaM manu tathA yAjJavalkya (11229) Adi smRtiyA~ sAmAnyataH kahatI haiM ki vizvedevoM kA AvAhana karanA cAhie, kintu prajApati (zloka 179-180) jaisI pazcAtkAlIna smRtiyA~ evaM purANa vizvedevoM ke dasa nAmoM vAle zloka uddhRta karate haiM aura unheM do-do kI pAMca koTiyoM meM bA~Takara zrAddhoM kI pA~ca koTiyoM ke lie unako nirdhArita karate haiN| unameM AyA hai-'kisI iSTi meM sampAdita zrAddha ke vizvedeva haiM Rtu evaM dakSa, nAndImukha zrAddha meM haiM satya evaM vasu, kAmya zrAddha meM dhuri evaM locana, naimittika zrAddha meM kAla evaM kAma tathA pArvaNa zrAddha meM purUravasa evaM aav|' 86. RturdakSo vasuH satyaH kAlaH kAmastathaiva ca / dhurizcArocanazcaiva tathA caiva puruurvaaH|| Avazca varzate tu vizve devAH prkiirtitaaH| bRhaspati (aparArka, pR0 478; kalpatara, bhA0, pR0 142; smRtica0, zrA0, pR0, 442-443);

Page #264
vizve devoM ke vibhinna nAma evaM mantra 1257 smRtica0 evaM hemAdri ke mata se vizvedeva brAhmaNoM ko eka Asana diyA jAtA hai aura unake uparyukta nAmoM kA uccAraNa karake katipaya zrAddhoM meM unakA AvAhana kiyA jAtA hai| mitA0 (yAjJa0 1 / 229), hemAdri ( zrA0, pR0 1225 ) evaM anya nibandhoM ke anusAra pArvaNazrAddha meM vizvedevoM ke AvAhana ke lie do mantra haiM-- 'vizve devAsa Agata' (R0 2 / 41 / 13) evaM 'Agacchantu mahAbhAgAH, kintu smRtica0 ( pR0 444 ) ne 'vizve devAH zRNuta' (R0 6 / 52/13 ) yaha eka mantra aura jor3a diyA hai| sAmAnya niyama yaha hai ki vizvedeva brAhmaNa pUrvAbhimukha evaM pitrya brAhmaNa dakSiNAbhimukha baiThate haiM (yAjJa0 1 / 128 evaM varAha0 14 / 11) kintu hemAdri ( zrA0, pR0 1200 ) ke mata se baiThane kI dizAoM ke viSaya meM kama-se-kama pAMca mata upasthita kiye gaye haiN| yaha jJAtavya hai ki zrAddha vidhi ke sabhI viSayoM meM vizvedevika brAhmaNoM ko prAthamikatA milatI hai, kevala bhojana se lage hAtha dhone evaM zrAddha ke anta meM brAhmaNoM se antima vidA lene ke viSayoM meM prAthamikatA nahIM miltii| dakSiNa eva pazcima bhArata meM zrAddha meM Amantrita brAhmaNa pUjita hote haiM, kintu baMgAla meM darbhoM kI AkRti pUjI jAtI hai / yahI bAta raghunandana ke zrAddhatattva meM bhI AyI hai ( purUravasAdravasovizveSAM devAnAM pArvaNazrAddhaM kuzamayabrAhmaNe kariSye iti pRcchet ) / vAyu0 (74 / 15-18) ne likhA hai ki zrAddha ke Arambha evaM anta meM evaM piNDadAna ke samaya nimna mantra tIna bAra kahe jAne cAhie, jinake kahane se pitara loga zrAddha meM zIghratA se Ate haiM aura rAkSasa bhAga jAte haiM tathA yaha mantra tInoM lokoM meM pitaroM kI rakSA karatA hai--'devoM, pitaroM, mahAyogiyoM, svadhA evaM svAhA ko nitya namaskAra / smRtica0 ( zrA0, pR0 441 ) ke mata se brAhmaNoM ke A jAne evaM baiTha jAne ke pazcAt evaM brAhmaNoM ke AsanoM para kuza rakha dene ke 'vizve devAH' ko alaga-alaga rakhanA cAhie, sAmAsika rUpa meM nhiiN| 'iSTizrAddhe RturdakSaH satyo nAndImukhe vasuH / naimittike kAkAmI kAmye ca dhurilocanau / purUravA Ardravazca pArvaNe samudAhRtau / ' bRhaspati (aparArka, pR0 478; zra0 pra0, pR0 23; mada0 pA0, pR0 573-574 ) ne vyAkhyA kI hai-' iSTizrAddha mAdhAnAdau kriyamANam / naimittike sapiNDIkaraNe / kAmanayAnuSTheyagayAmahAlayAvizrAddhaM kAmyam / ' iSTizrAddha 12 zrAddhoM meM 9va zrAddha hai (vizvAmitra, kalpataru, pR0 6; smRtica0, zrA0, pR0 334) / zrA0 pra0 (1023) ne 'purUravas' evaM 'Ardrava' aise nAmoM ke vibhinna pATha diye haiM, yathA 'purUrava' evaM 'mAdrava' / zrAddhatattva ( pR0 199 ) evaM ToDarAnanda ( zrAddha saukhya) ne 'mAnava' nAma diyA hai| zrAddha tattva ne 'iSTizrAddha' ko 'icchAzrAddha' evaM 'naimittika' ko 'ekoddiSTa' kahA hai, zrAddhakriyAkaumudI (1056) ne 'puroravAH' evaM 'mAdravAH' pATha rakhe haiN| brahmANDa0 ( 3 / 3 / 30-31) ne 'vizvedevoM ke dasa nAma vibhinna rUpoM se diye haiM-- 'purUravo mAdravaso rocamAnazca' / brahmANDa 0 (3 / 12 / 3) ne kahA hai ki vakSa kI eka kanyA vizvA se 10 putra utpanna hue| jaba himAlaya ke zikhara para unhoMne kaThina tapa kiyA to brahmA ne unheM icchita vara diyA aura pitaroM ne svIkRti dI / pitaroM ne kahA- 'agre dattvA tu yuSmAkamasmAkaM dAsyate tataH / visarjanamathAsmAkaM pUrvaM pazcAtu vaivatam / / ' yaha gAthA sambhavataH zrAddha meM vaizvadeva brAhmaNoM ke prayoga ko siddha karane kA prayAsa hai| viSNudharmottarapu0 ( 3 / 176 / 1-5) ne vizvedevoM ke nAma kucha bhinna rUpa meM diye haiN| 87. ye uktiyA~ (zloka) skanda0 (7 / 1 / 206 / 114- 116), brahmANDa0 (3 / 11 / 17-18), viSNudharmottara0 (1 / 140 / 68-72, kucha antaroM ke sAtha) meM pAyI jAtI haiN| mantra garur3a 0 ( AcArakhaNDa, 2 / 8 / 6), kalpataru ( bhA0 144) meM pAyA jAtA hai| adhikAMza purANoM meM mantra kA anta 'nityameva namonamaH' se hotA hai| hemAdri (dhA0, pR0 1079 evaM 1208 ) ne ise 'saptAciH' saMjJA dI hai aura kahA hai ki yaha sAta purANoM meM AyA hai|

Page #265
1258 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa pUrva hI yaha mantra kahA jAtA hai| yaha mantra brahma0 (220/143), brahmANDa0 ( upodghAtapAda 11 / 22 ) evaM viSNudharmotara0 ( 1 / 140 / 68-70 ) meM AyA hai aura antima do ne isakA 'saptAciH' nAma rakhA hai aura yaha azvameSa ke barAbara kahA gayA hai / pitaroM ko Asana dene, Asana para kuza rakhane evaM ardhya dene ke lie zabdoM ke krama ke viSaya meM bRhaspati, kucha purANoM evaM nibandhoM ne kucha niyama diye haiN| yahA~ bhI aikamatya nahIM hai| bRhaspati kA kathana hai--' Asana dene, arghya dene yA piNDadAna karane evaM piNDoM para jala dene ke samaya kartA ko pratyeka pUrva- puruSa se apanA sambandha, pitaroM ke nAma evaM go tathA unake dhyAna kA (vasu, rudra evaM Aditya zabdoM ke sAtha) udghoSa karanA par3atA hai|' kahA gayA hai ki kartA ko zrAddha meM chaH bAra Acamana karanA cAhie, yathA-zrAddha Arambha hone ke samaya, Amantrita brAhmaNoM ke pAda prakSAlana ke samaya, unakI pUjA ke samaya, vikira banAte samaya, piNDadAna karate samaya evaM zrAddha ke anta meN| madhyakAla ke lekhakoM ke mana meM uThanevAle praznoM meM eka mahattvapUrNa prazna yaha hai ki zrAddha meM dI gayI AhUtiyoM ke prAptikartA vAstavika rUpa meM kauna haiM, brAhmaNa yA pitara ? mahArNavaprakAza, harihara Adi ne Azva0 gR0 (41811 ) ke 'etasmin kAle ... dAnam' evaM varAha0 ( 13/51 ) jaise purANoM meM vyavahRta 'vibhave sati viprebhyo hyasmAnuddizya dAsyati' zabdoM para nirbhara rahakara udghoSita kiyA hai ki brAhmaNa hI prAptikartA haiM / kintu zrIdatta Adi ne 'akSanna pitaraH amImadanta pitaraH' (vAja0 saM0 19/36) jaise zruti vacanoM evaM 'pitaretat te arghyam' yA 'etadvaH pitaro vAsaH' jaise matroM ke AdhAra para udghoSita kiyA hai ki vAstavika prAptikartA pitara loga haiM; kintu, kyoMki pitara loga dUsare loka meM cale gaye rahate haiM aura zarIra rUpa se candana, puSpa, vastra Adi ke dAna ko nahIM grahaNa kara sakate, ataH ye vastue~ brAhmaNoM ko dI jAtI haiM, jo usa kSaNa pitaroM ke rUpa meM mAne jAte haiN| isa viSaya meM vivecana ke lie dekhie smRtica0 ( zrA0, pR0 447-449) evaM zrA0 pra0 ( pR0 30-31) / yaha jJAtavya hai ki brAhmaNoM ko diyA gayA jala evaM dakSiNA kevala brAhmaNoM ke lie the, jinameM jala zuddhi ke lie evaM dakSiNA akSaya kalyANa ke lie hai / ( pitaroM ke AvAhana ke lie prayukta mantroM evaM unake pATha-kAla ke viSaya meM bhI kaI mata-matAntara haiM / hemAdri ( A0, pR0 1254-56) ne mantra-pATha ke viSaya meM pA~ca mata diye haiM, jinameM atyanta mahattvapUrNa tIna mata ye haiM- 'pitrya brAhmaNoM ke AsanoM kI bAyIM ora Asana ke rUpa meM darbha rakhe jAne ke pUrva hI AvAhana honA cAhie yA darbha rakhe jAne ke pazcAt yA agnaukaraNa ke uparAnta / ' mantra ke viSaya meM yAjJa0 11232-233), brahmANDa0 Adi kA kathana hai ki AvAhana mantra -- ' uzantastvA' (R0 10 / 16 / 12 vAja0 saM0 19 / 70 evaM taM0 saM0 2 / 6 / 12 / 1) hai aura isake uparAnta kartA ko 'A yantu na:' (vAja0 saM0 19 / 58) mantra kA pATha karanA caahie| viSNudha0 sU0 (73 / 10-12) kA kathana hai- 'brAhmaNa se anumati prApta karane ke uparAnta kartA ko pitaroM kA AvAhana karanA caahie| tila vikIrNaM karake yAtudhAnoM ko bhagAne evaM do mantroM ke pATha ke uparAnta pitaroM ko cAra mantroM ke sAtha bulAnA cAhie - he pitara, yahA~ pAsa meM Aie', 'he agni, unheM yahA~ le Aie', 'mere pitara (pUrvapuruSa ) yahA~ AyeM', 'he pitara, yaha Apa kA bhAga hai|' hemAdri ( zrA0, pR0 1260 / 1267) ne vibhinna lekhakoM dvArA upasthApita mantroM kA ullekha kiyA hai| yAjJa0 (1 / 236-237) dvArA varNita agnaukaraNa ke viSaya meM bhI bahuta-sI vivecanAe~ huI haiN| mitAkSarA ne saMketa kiyA hai ki yadi koI vyakti sarvAdhAna vidhi se zrotAgniyA~ rakhatA hai to pArvaNa zrAddha meM, jise vaha piNDapitRyajJa ke uparAnta karatA hai, vaha dakSiNAgni meM homa karatA hai. kyoMki usake pAsa aupAsana (gRhya ) agni nahIM hotI / mitA ne isa mata ke samarthana ke lie viSNudharmottarapurANa (1 / 140 / 18) kA ullekha kiyA hai| kintu yadi koI vyakti adhAna vidhi se zrautAgnisthApana karatA hai to use aupAsana agni meM pArvaNa homa karanA caahie| yadi koI '

Page #266
zraddhAMga karmoM ke vividha rUpa 1259 zratAniyA~ nahIM rakhatA aura usake pAsa kevala aupAsana agni hai to vaha usI meM homa karatA hai| jisake pAsa na to zrAgnayA~ haiM aura na gRhyAgni, vaha brAhmaNa ke hAtha meM homa karatA hai| mitA0 ne manu ( 3 / 212 ) evaM eka gRhyasUtra ke do vacanoM ke AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki zrautAgniyA~ rakhanevAlA anvaSTakya zrAddha, aSTakA ke eka dina vAle zrAddha, pratyeka mAsa ke kRSNa pakSa meM sampAdanIya zrAddha (jo paMcamI se lekara Age kisI bhI tithi para kiyA jAtA hai) evaM pArvaNa zrAddha meM homa dakSiNAgni meM karatA hai, kintu vaha kAmya, Abhyudayika, ekoddiSTa evaM aSTakA zrAddhoM meM kevala pitrya brAhmaNa ke hAtha para homa karatA hai; ve loga, jo koI pavitra agni nahIM prajvalita karate, kevala pitrya brAhmaNa ke hAtha para hI homa karate haiN| dekhie hemAdri ( zrA0, pR0 1328-1344) evaM bAlambhaTTI ( AcAra0, pR0 518 ) / ToDarAnanda ( zrAddhasaukhya) ne manu ( 3 / 282 ) kA anugamana karate hue kahA hai ki agnihotrI darza (arthAt amAvAsyA) ke atirikta kisI anya dina pArvaNa zrAddha nahIM kara sktaa| arateraNa meM AhutiyoM kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM bhI gaharA matabheda hai / yahI bAta homa vAle devoM, devoM ke nAmoM ke krama evaM prayukta honevAle zabdoM ke viSaya meM bhI hai| yaha matabheda ati prAcIna kAla se hI calA AyA hai / zatapatha brA0 (1 / 4 / 2 / 12-13 ) meM AhutiyA~ kevala do haiM aura ve agni evaM soma ke lie dI jAtI haiM aura anta meM 'svAhA' zabda kahA jAtA hai| tai0 brA0 ( 1 / 3 / 10 / 2-3 ) meM AhutiyA~ tIna haiM, jo agni, soma evaM yama ko dI jAtI haiM aura anta meM 'svadhA namaH' ('svAhA' nahIM) kA zabda krama AtA hai| isI se kAtyAyana (smRtica0, zrA0, pR0 458) ne kahA hai - 'svAhA' yA 'svadhA namaH' kahane, yajJopavIta DhaMga se aura prAcInAvIta DhaMga se pavitra sUtra (janeU) dhAraNa karane aura AhutiyoM kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM apane-apane sUtra ke niyama mAnane cAhie / " ye mata-matAntara brAhmaNoM ke kAla se lekara sUtroM, smRtiyoM evaM purANoM taka cale Aye haiM, jinheM saMkSepa meM hama de rahe haiN| Apa0 gR0 (2113-4) ne 13 AhutiyoM kI carcA kI hai, jinameM 7 bhojana ke sAtha evaM 6 ghRta ke sAtha dI jAtI haiN| Azva0 zrI0 (2 / 6 / 12), Azva0 gR0 (47 20), zaMkha-likhita (hemAdri, zrA0, pR0 1354; madana pA0, pR0 589 ), kAThakagR0 (63 / 89), nAradapurANa (pUrvArdha, 28 / 48) evaM mArkaNDeyapurANa (28 / 47-48) ne kevala do AhutiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / bau0 dha0 sU0 (2 / 147 ), zAMkhA0 zrI0 (413 ), zAMkhA0 gR0 (4 / 1 / 13), viSNudharmasUtra (73 / 12), manu ( 3 / 211), varAhapurANa ( 14 | 21-22), brahmANDapurANa ( upodyAtapAda, 11 / 93-94) evaM viSNudharmottarapurANa (1 / 140 119) Adi adhikAMza smRtiyoM evaM purANoM ne tIna AhutiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| yahA~ devatAoM evaM 'svAhA' tathA 'svadhA' ke krama ke kaI rUpa Aye haiM, jinameM kucha ye haiM-- pitaroM ke sAtha saMyukta soma, kavyavAha agni, yama, aMgirA; kucha loga krama yoM dete haiM -- kavyavAha agni, pitaroM ke sAtha soma, yama vaivasvata aadi| yaha bhI krama hai ki agni ko Ahuti agni ke dakSiNa ora, soma ko usake uttara evaM vaivasvata (yama) ko donoM ora ke madhya meM dI jAtI hai / bhojana parosane, brAhmaNa bhojana evaM anya sambandhita bAtoM kI vidhi ke viSaya meM bahuta se niyama vyavasthita haiM / smRtica0 ( pR0 465-470), hemAdri ( pR0 1367- 1384), zrA0 pra0 ( pR0 116 - 122 ) evaM anya nibandhoM ne ina viSayoM ke vistRta niyama diye haiM / yAjJa0 (1 / 237) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki homa karane ke pazcAt zeSAMza pitrya brAhmaNoM ke pAtroM meM parosanA cAhie aura pAtra cA~dI ke hoM to acchA hai / kAtyAyana kA kathana hai ki usa kartA ko, jisake pAsa zrota yA smArta agni nahIM hotI, pitrya brAhmaNoM meM sabase purAne (vRddha) brAhmaNa ke hAtha para hI mantra ke sAtha 88. svAhA svadhA namaH savyamapasavyaM tathaiva ca / AhutInAM tu yA saMkhyA sAvagamyA svasUtrataH // kAtyAyana (smRticandrikA, zrA0, pR0 458 ) / 86

Page #267
1260 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa homa karanA cAhie aura zeSAMza ko anya pitR brAhmaNoM ke pAtroM meM rakha denA cAhie (gobhila0 2 / 120, smRtica0 2, pR0 462 ) / smRticandrikA ne TippaNI kI hai ki yama evaM vAyupurANa ke mata se homa deva brAhmaNoM ke hAtha para honA cAhie, aura isI se matabheda upasthita ho gayA hai tathA vikalpa mAna liyA gayA hai| Age vyavasthA dI gayI hai ki usa bhojana kA, jisase agnaukaraNa kiyA gayA thA, eka bhAga piNDa banAne ke lie alaga rakha diyA jAtA hai (mArkaNDeya evaM garur3a) / yajJopavIta DhaMga se janeU dhAraNa karake kartA dvArA yA usakI patnI ( savarNA) yA kisI zuddha sevaka dvArA bhojana parosA jAnA caahie| brAhmaNoM ke pAsa lAyA jAtA huA bhojana donoM hAthoM se bhojana-pAtra pakar3akara na lAyA jAya to vaha duSTa asuroM dvArA jhapaTa liyA jAtA hai| zrAddhakartA manoyogapUrvaka ( parosane meM hI mana lagAye hue) caTanI acAra, zAka, dUdha, dahI, ghRta evaM madhu ke pAtroM ko bhUmi para hI rakhatA hai (kATha ke bane pIr3hoM Adi para nahIM) / pRthivI para rakhe pAtroM meM bhojana ke vibhinna prakAra hone cAhie, yathA--- miThAiyA~, pAyasa, phala, mUla, namakIna khAdya, masAledAra yA sugaMdhita peya / pAtroM ko sAmane rakhakara bhojya padArthoM ke guNoM kA varNana karanA cAhie, yathA-yaha mIThA hai, yaha khaTTA hai Adi / bhojana parosate samaya ( pUrvajoM kA smaraNa karake) ronA nahIM cAhie, krodha nahIM karanA cAhie, jhUTha nahIM bolanA cAhie, pAtroM ko paira se nahIM chUnA cAhie aura na jhaTake se parosanA caahie| brAhmaNoM kI ruci ke anusAra padArtha diye jAne cAhie, asantoSa ke sAtha bhunabhunAnA nahIM cAhie, brahma ke viSaya meM kucha carcA karanI cAhie, kyoMki pitaroM ko yaha rucikara hotI hai / prasanna mudrA meM brAhmaNoM ko mudita rakhanA cAhie, unheM dhIre-dhIre khAne denA cAhie aura vibhinna vyaMjanoM ke guNoM kA varNana karake aura khAne ke lie bAra-bAra kahanA caahie| bhojana garma rahanA cAhie, brAhmaNoM ko mauna rUpa se khAnA cAhie, kartA ke pUchane para bhI bhojana ke guNoM ke viSaya meM mauna rahanA caahie| jaba bhojana garma ho, brAhmaNa cupacApa khAyeM, ve bhojana ke guNoM kA udghoSa na kareM to pitara loga use pAte ( khAte ) haiM / jaba brAhmaNa loga zrAddha bhojana meM pagar3I yA uttarIya yA a~goche Adi se apanA sira Dha~kakara yA dakSiNAbhimukha hokara yA jUtA-cappala pahane khAte haiM to duSTAtmAe~ bhojana khA jAtI haiM, pitara nhiiN| bahuta pahale gautama ne kahA hai ki brAhmaNoM ke lie bhojana sarvottama koTi kA honA cAhie aura use bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke padArthoM yA vyaMjanoM se madhura evaM sugaMdhita karanA cAhie / bhojana banAne vAloM ke viSaya meM bhI niyama haiN| prajApatismRti (zloka 57-62 ) meM AyA hai --- patnI, kartA ke gotra kI koI saubhAgyavatI yA sundara strI, jo pati vAlI ho, putravatI ho, bhAI vAlI ho aura gurujanoM kI AjJA kA pAlana karane vAlI ho, kartA ke guru kI patnI, mAmI, phUphI yA mausI, bahina, putrI, vadhU, ye sabhI saghavAe~ zrAddha bhojana banA sakatI haiN| acche kula kI nAriyA~, jinakI saMtAneM adhika hoM, jo sadhavA aura jo 50 varSoM ke Upara hoM yA ve nAriyA~ jo vidhavA ho cukI hoM, cAcI, bhAbhI, mAtA (svAbhAvika yA vimAtA) yA pitAmahI - zrAddha bhojana banA sakatI haiN| aura ve nAriyA~ bhI jo sagotra evaM mRdu svabhAva kI hoN| anuzAsana 0 ( 29 / 15) meM AyA hai ki mRta se pRthak gotra vAlI nArI zrAddha-bhojana banAne ke lie niyuktaM nahIM ho sktii| apanA bhAI, cAcA bhatIjA, bhAnajA, putra, ziSya, bahina kA putra, bahanoI bhI zrAddha bhojana taiyAra kara sakatA hai, kintu vaha nArI nahIM jo zveta yA gIle vastra dhAraNa kiye ho, jisake keza khule hoM, jo colI nahIM pahanatI ho, jo rugNa ho yA jisane sira dho kiyA ho / brAhmaNoM ke bhojana karane ke pUrva vizvedeva brAhmaNoM ke pAtroM meM bhojana parosanA cAhie aura taba pitrya brAhmaNoM ke pAtroM meM (viSNudha0 73|13-14), kintu jaba eka bAra brAhmaNa bhojana karanA Arambha kara dete haiM to yaha prAthamikatA dUra ho jAtI hai / jahA~ bhI AvazyakatA par3e (kisI pAtra meM bhojana kama ho jAya to ) bhojana parosanA cAhie (jaisA ki manu 3231 ne saMketa kiyA hai)| kartA bhojana parosate samaya (yahA~ taka ki pitrya brAhmaNoM ko bhI parosate samaya ) upavIta vidhi se janeU dhAraNa karatA hai / yadyapi aisA kahA gayA hai ki bhojana garma honA cAhie, kintu isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki dahI, phala, mUla, sugaMdhita evaM

Page #268
pAyAMga karmoM ke vividha rUpa 1261 masAledAra peya bhI vaise hI hoM (zaMkha 14 / 13) / hemAdri (zrA0, pR0 1371) ne kahA hai ki dAhine hAtha se parosanA cAhie, kintu bAyAM hAtha lagA rahanA cAhie; isake atirikta kevala hAtha yA eka hAtha se koI bhI padArtha nahIM parosanA cAhie, balki lakar3I ke camace yA kisI pAtra (lohe ke nahIM) se parosanA caahie| sabhI prakAra ke bhojana evaM sabhI anya vastue~, yathA caTanI-acAra, ghRta Adi kisI pAtra, cammaca Adi se parosanA cAhie (khAlI hAtha se nahIM), kintu jala yA laDDU Adi nhiiN| kisI prakAra kA namaka sIdhe arthAt khAlI hAtha se nahIM parosanA cAhie (viSNudha0 79 / 12). / kAtyAyana ke zrAddha-sUtra meM AyA hai-agnaukaraNa ke pazcAt zeSa bhojana ko pitrya brAhmaNoM ke pAtroM meM sabhI pAtroM ko chUkara parosanA cAhie aura kartA ko 'pRthivI pAtra hai, AkAza apidhAna (Dhakkana) hai, maiM brAhmaNa ke amRtamukha meM amRta parosa rahA hU~, svAhA' kA pATha karake aisA karanA caahie| isake uparAnta pitrya brAhmaNa ke dAhine aMgUThe ko kartA homa se bace hue bhojana meM Rka evaM yaja ke una mantroM ke sAtha jo viSNu ko sambodhita hai, chuAtA hai tathA caturdika (jahA~ bhojana honevAlA hai) vaha 'asura evaM rAkSasa mArakara bhagA diye gaye haiM' kahakara tila bikheratA hai aura pitaroM evaM brAhmaNoM kI abhiruci vAlA garma bhojana parosatA hai| dekhie yAjJa0 (1 / 238), baudhA mU0 (2 / 8 / 15-16) evaM kAlikApurANa (hemAdri, zrA0, pR0 1024) / baudhAyanapitRmedhasUtra (2 / 9 / 19) meM AyA hai ki brAhmaNa ke a~guThe ko isa prakAra bhojana se chuAnA cAhie ki nAkhUna vAlA bhAga bhojana ko sparza na kare (hemAdri,zrA0, pR0 1024; zrA0 pra0, pR0 119) / vasiSTha kA kathana hai ki brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karane ke anta taka bAyeM hAtha meM bhojana-pAtra uThAkara rakhanA caahie| zaMkha-likhita (hemAdri, zrA0,101019; zrA0pra0,10118) ne kahA hai ki brAhmaNoM ko khAte samaya bhojana ke guNa evaM doSoM kA varNana nahIM karanA cAhie, asatya bhASaNa nahIM karanA cAhie, eka-dUsare kI prazaMsA nahIM karanI cAhie aura na yahI kahanA cAhie ki abhI bahuta rakhA hai (aura mata parosie), kevala hAtha se saMketa mAtra karanA caahie| agnIkaraNa ke rUpa meM evaM pAtra meM jo kucha parosA gayA hai, milAkara khAnA caahie| hemAdri ne maitrAyaNIya stra evaM skandapurANa se aisI uktiyAM evaM mantra diye haiM jo kucha padArthoM ko parosate samaya kahe jAte haiM, yathA R0 (4139 / 6); vAja0 saM0 (2132 evaM 23 // 32); tai0 saM0 (3 / 2 / 5 / 5 evaM 1 / 5 / 11 / 4) / Apa0 dha0 sU0 (2 / 8 / 18 / 11) meM AyA hai ki zrAddha-bhojana kA ucchiSTAMza Amantrita brAhmaNoM se hIna logoM ko nahIM denA cAhie aura manu (3 / 249) kA kathana hai ki jo vyakti zrAddha-bhojana karane ke uparAnta ucchiSTa aMza kisI zudra ko detA hai to vaha kAlasUtra naraka meM giratA hai| matsyapurANa (17152-55; hemAdri, zrA0, pR0 1482; smutica0, zrA0, pR0 482 evaM kalpataru0, zrA0, 10230) evaM anya granthoM meM AyA hai ki brAhmaNoM ko Acamana kara lene evaM jala, puSpa tathA akSata prApta karane ke uparAMta kartA ko AzIrvacana dene caahie| kartA prArthanA karatA hai--'hamAre pitara ghora na hoM (arthAt hamAre prati dayAlu hoM); brAhmaNa pratyuttara dete haiM--'tathAstu (aisA hI ho)| kartA punaH kahatA hai-'hamArA kula bar3he, hamAre kUla meM dAtA bar3he aura bhojana bhI'; ina sabhI prakAra kI prArthanAoM para brAhmaNa uttara dete haiM-aisA hI ho|' brAhmaNoM ke khA cukane ke uparAnta pAtroM ke ucchiSTa aMza haTAne evaM vahA~ saphAI karane ke kAla ke viSaya meM bhI niyama bane hue haiN| vasiSTha0 (11 / 21-22) evaM kUrmapurANa meM AyA hai ki ucchiSTa bhojana sUryAsta ke pUrva nahIM haTAnA cAhie, kyoMki usase amRta kI dhArA bahatI hai jise ve mRta vyakti pIte haiM jinake lie jalatarpaNa nahIM hotaa| manu (3 / 265, matsya0 17156, pA0, sRSTi0 9 / 185) ne eka pRthak niyama diyA hai ki ucchiSTa bhojana vahIM taba taka par3A rahanA cAhie jaba taka brAhmaNa loga prasthAna na kara jAyeM / hemAdri (zrA0, pR0 1512) ne isa lie vyavasthA dI hai ki yadi kartA ke pAsa dUsarA ghara ho to ucchiSTa aMza sUryAsta taka par3A rahane denA cAhie, kintu yadi eka hI ghara ho to brAhmaNoM ke cale jAne ke uparAnta use haTA denA cAhie (yAjJa0 11257 evaM matsya0 17156) / bRhaspati (smRti0, zrA0, pR0482; hemAdri, zrAddha,

Page #269
1262 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa pR0 1485) kA kathana hai ki brAhmaNoM dvArA svasti' kahe jAne ke pUrva pAtroM ko nahIM haTAnA cAhie; jAtUkarNya (smRtica0, zrA0, pR0 482; hemAdri, zrA0, pR0 1486) evaM skanda0 (nAgarakhaNDa, hemAdri, zrA0, pR0 1486) kA kathana hai ki pAtra evaM ucchiSTa aMza kartA dvArA yA usake putra yA ziSya dvArA uThAyA jAnA cAhie kintu strI yA bacce yA anya jAti ke vyakti dvArA nhiiN| mana (32258) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki brAhmaNoM ke cale jAne ke uparAnta kartA ko dakSiNa kI ora dekhanA cAhie aura pitaroM se kalyANa kI yAcanA karanI cAhie (dekhie isa viSaya meM punaH manu (3 / 259), yAjJa0 (1 / 246), viSNuva0 sU0 (73 / 28), matsya0 (16 / 49-50) / Apa0 gR0 (2009), Apa0 dha0 (2 / 7 / 17416),mana (3 / 264) evaM yAjJa0 (11249) ne kahA hai ki kartA zrAddha ke lie bane evaM zeSa aMza ko apanI patnI mAtA-pitR-pakSa ke sambandhiyoM ke sAtha yajurmantra (Apa0 mantrapATha 2 / 20 / 26) kA uccAraNa (jIvana-zvAsa meM praveza karate hue maiM amRta de rahA hU~; merI AtmA amaratA ke lie brahma meM praviSTa ho gayI hai) karake bhojana karatA hai| Apa ga0 evaM Apa0 dha0 sa0 (2 / 7 / 17 / 16) meM AyA hai ki brAhmaNoM ko parosane ke uparAnta kartA ko zeSAMza se eka kaura bhojana kara lenA caahie| vyAsa evaM devala kA kathana hai ki zrAddha ke dina kartA ko upavAsa nahIM karanA cAhie (bhale hI vaha sAdhAraNataH aisA karatA ho, jaisA ki ekAdazI yA zivarAtri meN)| brahmavaivartapurANa ne eka mArga nikAlA hai ki kartA ko zrAddha-bhojana kA zeSAMza sUMgha mAtra lenA caahie| isake vivecana ke lie dekhie hemAdri (zrA0, 10, 15191521) / hemAdri (pR0 1485) ne eka ziSTAcAra (jo Aja bhI kiyA jAtA hai) kI ora saMketa kiyA hai ki kartA ko AzIrvacana mila jAne ke uparAnta usake putra evaM pautra Adi ko piNDa ke rUpa meM sthita pitaroM kI abhyarthanA karanI caahie| brAhmaNoM ko zrAddha kI samApti ke uparAnta khilAye gaye bhojana ke guNoM kI prazaMsA karanI caahie| brAhmaNoM ko bhojana ke apane pAtroM meM asAvadhAnI se bhojya padArtha chor3a-chAr3a kara nahIM baiThanA cAhie, pratyuta dUdha, dahI, madhu yA yavAnna (satU) ko pUrA khAkara bhojya kA thor3A aMza chor3anA caahie| ThIka kisa samaya piNDadAna karanA cAhie? isake uttara meM kaI eka mata haiN| zAMkhA0 gR0 (4 / 1 / 9), Azva0 gu0 (418112), zaMkha (14 // 1.1), manu (3 / 260-261), yAjJa0 (11242) Adi ke mata se jaba zrAddhabhojana brAhmaNa samApta kara lete haiM to kartA piNDadAna karatA hai| piNDoM kA nirmANa tilamizrita bhAta se hotA hai aura kisI svaccha sthala para darbho ke Upara piNDa rakhe jAte haiM; ye piNDa usa sthAna se, jahA~ brAhmaNoM ke bhojana-pAtra rahate haiM, eka aratni dUra rahate haiM aura kartA dakSiNAbhimukha rahatA hai| yahA~ para bhI do mata haiM; (1) brAhmaNoM ke bhojana kara lene ke uparAnta Acamana karane ke pUrva piNDadAna hotA hai (Azva0 gR0 4 / 8 / 12-13; kAtyAyanakRta zrAddhasUtra, kaNDikA 3), (2) brAhmaNoM dvArA makha dho lene evaM Acamana kara lene ke uparAnta piNDadAna hotA hai| anya mata yaha hai ki piNDadAna Amantrita brAhmaNoM ko sammAna dene yA agnaukaraNa ke pazcAta hotA hai aura taba brAhmaNa bhojana karate haiN| brahmANDapurANa (upodghaat012|24-26) ne balapUrvaka kahA hai ki yahI sthiti ThIka hai, jaisA ki bahaspati ne kahA hai| viSNudha0 (73 / 15-24) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki pitaroM ko taba piNDa denA cAhie jaba ki brAhmaNa khA rahe hoN| cauthA mata yaha hai ki (Apa0 gR0 24 / 9, hiraNyakezi- gR0 2 / 12 / 2-3) kartA ko, jaba bAhmaNa khAkara jA cuke hoM aura jaba vaha unakA anusaraNa kara pradakSiNA karake lauTa AyA ho, taba piNDadAna karanA caahie| isa prakAra ke matabhedoM ke kAraNa hemAdri evaM madanapArijAta (pR0 600) kA kahanA hai ki logoM ko apanI zAkhA kI vidhi kA pAlana karanA cAhie (hemAdri, zrA0, pR0 1408) / hemAdri ne jor3A hai ki yadi kisI ke gRhyasUtra meM piNDadAna ke kAla kA ullekha na ho to use usa mata ke anusAra calanA cAhie jo yaha vyavasthita karatA hai ki brahma-bhoja evaM Acamana ke uparAnta piNDadAna karanA caahie| zrAddhaprakAza (pR0 247) ne bhI yahI mata prakAzita kiyA hai| pratyeka piNDa 25 darbho ke Upara rakhA jAtA hai| aparArka (yAjJa0 1124) kA kathana hai ki sabhI dazAoM meM (binA kisI apavAda ke) piNDoM kA

Page #270
mAtRpUrvajoM evaM pitRpatniyoM ke zrAddhabhAga kA vicAra 1263 dAna una pAtroM ke pAsa honA cAhie, jinase brAhmaNoM ko khilAyA jAtA hai, kintu hemAdri kA, jo kAtyAyana ke 'ucchiSTasannidhau' para nirbhara hai, kathana hai ki yadi kartA AhitAgni hai to use apanA piNDadAna pavitra agni ke pAsa karanA cAhie, kintu yadi kartA yajJAgniyA~ nahIM rakhatA to use una pAtroM ke samakSa, jinase brAhmaNoM ko khilAyA gayA thA, piNDadAna karanA caahie| zrAddhasAra ( pR0 163 ) ne atri ko uddhRta kara kahA hai ki brahma-bhoja ke sthAna se tIna aratniyoM kI dUrI para piNDa dene cAhie aura navazrAddhoM Adi meM piNDadAna ke pUrva vaizvadeva kA sampAdana honA cAhie, kintu sAMvatsarika zrAddha, mahAlaya Adi meM yaha piNDadAna ke uparAnta karanA cAhie ( pR0 164 ) / amAvAsyA ko kiye jAnevAle zrAddha meM kina-kina pUrva puruSoM ko piNDa denA cAhie? isa viSaya meM bhI mataikya nahIM hai| adhikAMza vaidika grantha pArvaNa zrAddha ke devatAoM ke rUpa meM kevala tIna pUrva puruSoM kI gaNanA karate haiM / ye tInoM alaga-alaga devatA haiM na ki sammilita rUpa meM, jaisA ki Asva 0 zrautasUtra ( 2 / 6 / 15) evaM viSNudha 0 ( 73 // 13-14) kA kathana hai| eka mahattvapUrNa prazna hai-- kyA prAcIna kAla meM tInoM pitaroM kI patniyA~, yathA--mAtA, mAtAmahI evaM pramAtAmahI apane patiyoM ke sAtha sammilita thIM ? kyA pArvaNa meM mAtA ke pitara bhI, yathA-nAnA, paranAnA evaM bar3e paranAnA apanI patniyoM ke sAtha bulAye jAte the ? vedoM evaM brAhmaNoM meM ina donoM praznoM ke uttara nakArAtmaka haiN| dekhie tai0 saM0 ( 1/8/5/1), tai0 brA0 (1|3|10 evaM 206 / 16 ), vAja0 saM0 ( 19 / 36-37 ), za0 brA0 (2 / 4 / 2 / 16), jinameM kevala pitaro evaM tIna paitRka pUrva-puruSoM ke hI nAma Aye haiN| kintu vAja0 saM0 (9 / 19 ) meM paitRka evaM mAtRka, donoM pUrva puruSoM kA spaSTa ullekha hai ( kAtyAyana kRta zrAddhasUtra 3 ) / pArvaNa meM donoM prakAra ke pUrva puruSoM ko sammilita rUpa meM bulAne ke viSaya meM adhikAMza sUtra mauna haiN| dekhie Azva0 zrI0 (226 / 15 ) ; sudarzana ( Apa0 gu0 8 / 21 / 2) kA kahanA hai ki sUtrakAra evaM bhASyakAra ne mAtAmaha zrAddha kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, kyoMki dohitra ( putrI ke putra ) ke lie aisA karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai / kAtyAyana (zrAddhasUtra, 3) ne paitRka pitaroM ke lie tIna piNDoM evaM mAtRka pitaroM ke lie bhI tIna piNDoM ke nirmANa kI bAta kahI hai| gobhilasmRti ( 3 / 73) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki anvaSTakA zrAddha prathama zrAddha ( gyArahaveM dina ), 16 zrAddhoM evaM vArSika zrAddha ko chor3akara anya zrAddhoM meM chaH piNDoM kA dAna honA caahie| dhaumya ( zrA0 pra0 pR0 14 smRtica0 zrA0, pR0 337 ) kA kathana hai ki jahA~ paitRka pUrvajoM ko pUjA jA rahA ho, mAtAmahoM (mAtRka pUrva-puruSoM) ko bhI sammAnita karanA cAhie, kisI prakAra kA antara pradarzita nahIM karanA cAhie, yadi kartA vibheda karatA hai to vaha naraka meM jAtA hai / " viSNupurANa, brahmANDapurANa evaM varAhapurANa kahate haiM ki kucha logoM ke mata se mAtRka pUrva puruSoM kA zrAddha pRthak rUpa se karanA cAhie, aura kucha logoM kA aisA kahanA hai ki paitRka evaM mAtRka pUrvapuruSoM ke lie eka hI samaya aura eka hI zrAddha karanA caahie| bRhaspati ( kalpataru, zrAddha, pR0 204) kA kathana hai ki zrAddha ke lie bane bhojana padArthoM se evaM tila aura madhu se apanI gRhyasUtravidhi ke niyamoM ke anusAra piNDoM kA nirmANa mAtR-pitRpakSoM ke pUrva-puruSoM ke lie honA caahie| varAha0 ( 14 | 40-41 ) meM AyA hai ki pitrya brAhmaNoM ko sarvaprathama vidA denI cAhie, taba daiva brAhmaNoM ke sAtha mAtrika pitaroM ko 89. pitaro yatra pUjyante tatra mAtAmahA dhruvam / avizeSeNa kartavyaM vizeSAnnarakaM vrajet // dhaumya ( zrA0 pra0, pR0 14; smRtica0, zrA0, pR0 337 ) / 90. pRthaktayoH kecidAhuH zrAddhasya karaNaM nRp| ekatraikena pAkena vadantyanye maharSayaH // viSNupurANa (3 / 15 / 17 ) ; pRthagmAtAmahAnAM tu kecidicchanti mAnavAH / trIn piNDAnAnupUrvyeNa sAMguSThAna puSTivardhanAn // brahmANDa 0 ( upodghAta pAda, 11 / 61) / aura dekhie varAhapurANa (14 / 22 ) /

Page #271
1264 pA dharmazAstra kA itihAsa aura mAtR-pitaroM ke lie pRthak piNDa dene cAhie (14 / 37) / kucha logoM kA mata hai ki putrikAputra (niyukta kanyA ke putra) yA dauhitra putra ko, jo nAnA kI sampatti kA uttarAdhikAra pAtA hai, mAtR-pitaroM ke lie piNDadAna karanA anivArya hai| bRhatparAzara (adhyAya 5, pR0 153) ne isa viSaya meM kaI mata diye haiN| yaha sambhava hai ki jaba putro ko goda lene kI prathA kama pracalita huI yA sadA ke lie vilIna ho gayI to pArvaNa zrAddha meM mAtR-pitara pitrya-pitaroM ke sAtha hI saMyukta ho gye| pitaroM kI patniyAM puruSoM (pUrva-puruSoM) ke sAtha kaba saMyukta huI ? isa prazna kA uttara santoSaprada DhaMga se nahIM diyA jA sktaa| prastuta vaidika sAhitya meM pitAmahI kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| kintu yaha nizcita hai ki pUrvapuruSoM kI patniyA~ sUtra-kAla meM apane patiyoM ke sAtha sambandhita ho gyiiN| udAharaNArtha hiraNyakezi-gR0 (2010) ne kRSNa pakSa ke mAsika zrAddha meM mAtA, mAtAmahI evaM pramAtAmahI ko unake patiyo ke sAtha sambandhita kara rakhA hai| isI prakAra baudhA0 gR0 (2111-34) ne aSTakA zrAddha meM na kevala mAtR-pakSa ke pitaroM ko pitRpakSa ke pitaro ke sAtha rakhA hai, pratyuta unakI patniyoM ko bhI sAtha rakhA hai| Apa0 mantrapATha (2 / 19 / 2-7) meM pUrva-puruSoM evaM unakI patniyoM ke lie bhI mantroM kI yojanA AyI hai| zAMkhA0 gR0 (411111) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki pitRpakSa ke pitaroM ke piNDoM ke pazcAt hI kartA ko unakI patniyoM ke piNDa rakhane cAhie; donoM prakAra ke piNDo ke bIca kucha rakha denA cAhie, jisa para bhASyakAra ne likhA hai ki donoM ke madhya meM darbha rakha denA caahie| kauzikasUtra (88 / 12) kA kathana hai ki pUrva-puruSoM ke piNDoM ke dakSiNa kI ora unakI patniyoM ke piNDa rakhe jAne caahie| Azva0 ga0 (225 / 4-5) ne anvaSTakya ke viSaya meM carcA karate hae kahA hai ki ubAle hae cAvala ke maNDa (mAMDa) ke sAtha pitaroM kI patniyoM: caahie| vaikhAnasasmArtasUtra (47) ne piNDapitayaja ke kRtya kA varNana (4 / 5-6) karake TippaNI kI hai ki isa aura sAmAnya mAsika zrAddha meM antara yaha hai ki dUsare (mAsika zrAddha) meM pitaroM kI patniyoM ko bhI piNDa diyA jAtA hai| pitaroM kI patniyoM ke lie piNDadAna kA pracalana samayAnusAra vikasita huA hai aura aisA svAbhAvika bhI thaa| kucha smRtiyoM ne pArvaNa zrAddha meM pitaroM kI pattiyoM ko rakhane para bala diyA hai| zAtAtapa meM AyA hai-'sapiNDIkaraNa ke uparAnta pitaroM ko jo diyA jAtA hai usameM sabhI sthAnoM para mAtA AtI hai| anvaSTakA kRtyo, vRddhi zrAddha, gayA meM evaM usakI vArSika zrAddha-kriyA meM mAtA kA alaga se zrAddha kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu anya viSayoM meM usake pati ke sAtha hI usakA zrAddha hotA hai (zrA0 pra0, pR0 9, smRtica0, zrA0, pR0 369) / bRhaspati meM aisA AyA hai ki mAtA apane pati (kartA ke pitA) ke sAtha zrAddha grahaNa karatI hai aura yahI niyama pitAmahI evaM prapitAmahI ke lie bhI lAga hai (smRtica0, zrAddha,10369; hemAdri, zrA0, 1099 evaM zrA0 pra0, p09)| kalpataru evaM anyoM kA kathana hai ki pitaroM kI patniyA~ pArvaNa zrAddha meM devatA nahIM haiM, ve kevala pitaroM ke pAsa AnevAlA vAyavya bhojana pAtI haiM (zrA0 pra0, pR0 9-10) / hemAdri evaM anya dakSiNI lekhakoM kA kathana hai ki mAtA evaM anya strI-pUrvajAe~ pArvaNa zrAddha. ke devatAo meM AtI haiM, kintu vimAtA nhiiN| isa viSaya meM mataikya nahIM hai ki 'mAtA', 'pitAmahI', 'prapitAmahI' zabdoM meM unakI sauteM (sapatniyA~) AtI haiM ki nhiiN| hemAdri (zrA0,10 97-104) meM isa para lambA vivecana pAyA jAtA hai| eka mata se vimAtA, pitAmahI kI sauta evaM prapitAmahI kI sauta eka sAtha AtI haiM, kintu hemAdri ke mata se kevala vAstavika mAtA, pitAmahI evaM prapitAmahI hI AtI haiM, kintu mahAlaya zrAddha yA gayAzrAddha jaisa avasaroM para sabhI AtI haiN| 91. mArjayantAM mama pitaro mArjayantAM mama pitAmahA mArjayantAM mama prpitaamhaaH| mArjayantAM mama mAtaro mArjayantAM mama pitAmahyo mArjayantAM mama prapitAmahyaH / Apa0 ma0 pA0 (2 / 19 / 2-7) /

Page #272
dhAvAMga karmoM ke viviSa rUpa 1265 piNDadAna saMbandhI mantrapATha ke viSaya meM bhI ati prAcIna kAla se kucha mata-matAntara haiN| pUrva-puruSa ko piNDa nAma, gotra evaM kartA-saMbaMdha kahakara diyA jAtA hai|92 kUcha lekhakoM ke mata se piNDadAna kA rUpa yaha hai-'he pitA, yaha tumhAre lie hai, amuka nAma . . . .amuka gotra vaale|' tai0 saM0 (118 / 5 / 1) evaM Apa0 mantrapATha (2 / 10 / 13) Adi ne nimna aura jor3a diyA hai-'aura unake lie bhI jo tumhAre pazcAt Ate haiM (ye ca tvAmanu) gobhilagR0 (4 / 3 / 6) evaM khAdiragR0 (3 / 5 / 17) meM sUtra aura lambA hai-'he pitA, yaha piNDa tumhAre lie hai aura unake lie jo tumhAre pazcAt Ate haiM aura unake lie jinake pazcAt tuma Ate ho|" tumheM svdhaa|' bhAradvAja gR0 (2 / 12) ne kucha parivartana kiyA hai (yAMzca tvamatrAnvasi ye ca tvaamnu)| yaha hamane pahale hI dekha liyA hai ki zatapathabrAhmaNa ne tai0 saM0 ke vacana kA anumodana nahIM kiyA hai| usane tarka yaha diyA hai ki jaba pUtra apane pitA ko piNDa dete hue kahatA hai ki 'yaha tumhArA hai aura unakA bhI jo tumhAre pazcAt Ate haiM, to vaha isameM apane ko bhI sammilita kara letA hai, jo azubha hai| gobhilagR0 (413 / 10-11; hemAdri, zrA0, pR0 1443 evaM zrA0 pra0, pR0 260) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki jaba kartA apane pitaroM ke nAma nahIM jAnatA hai to use prathama piNDa 'pRthivI para rahane vAle phtiroM ko svadhA' kahakara rakhanA cAhie, dUsarA piNDa unako jo vAyu meM nivAsa karate haiM svadhA' yaha kahakara aura tIsarA piNDa 'svarga meM rahanevAle pitaroM ko svadhA' kahakara rakhanA cAhie aura manda svara se use yaha kahanA cAhie-'he pitara, yahA~ Ananda manAo aura apane-apane bhAga para juTa jaao|' aura dekhie aisI hI vyavasthA ke lie yama (kalpataru, zrA0, 10203) / viSNudha0 su0 (73 / 17-19) meM bhI esA hI hai aura mantra haiM krama se pRthivI davirakSitA', 'antarikSaM davirakSitA' evaM 'dyaurdvirkssitaa|' medhAtithi (manu 3 / 194) ne Azva0 zrI0 Adi kA anusaraNa karate hue kahA hai ki yadi pitaroM ke nAma na jJAta hoM to kevala aisA kahanA cAhie-'he pitA, pitAmaha aadi|' yadi gotra na jJAta ho to 'kazyapa gotra kA prayoga karanA caahie|15 92. arghadAne'ya saMkalpe piNDadAne tathA kssye| gotrasambandhanAmAni yathAvatpratipAdayet // pAraskara0 (aparArka, pR0 506; hemAdri, zrA0, pR0 1434; zrA0 pra0, pR0 258) / sUtra isa prakAra kA hai-'amukagotrAsmatpitaramukazarman etatte'nnaM (yA te piNDaH) svadhA nama idamamukagotrAyAsmatpitre amukazarmaNe na mameti' (hemAdri, zrA0, pR0 1436) kintu yaha sUtra kevala vAjasaneyiyoM ke lie hai| __93. etatte tatAso ye ca tvAmanu, etatte pitAmahAsau ye ca tvAmanu, etatte prapitAmaha ye ca tvAmanu / Apa0 ma0 pA0 (2 / 20 / 13) / 94. asAvavanikSva ye cAtra tvAmanu yAMzca tvamanu tasmai te svati / gobhila gR0 (3 / 3 / 6) evaM khAdira gR0 (3 / 5 / 17) / ToDarAnanda (zrAddhasaukhya) ne yajurveda evaM sAmaveda ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie nimna sUtra diye haiM--'amukagotra pitaramukazarmanetatte'gnaM svadheti yajurvedinAmutsargavAkyam / amukasagotra pitaramukadevazarmanetattenaM ye cAtra tvAmanu yAMzca tvamanu tasmai te svadheti chandogAnAm / milAie zrAddhatattva (pR0 437) evaM zrAddhakriyAkaumudI (pR070)| 95. gotrAjJAnepyAha vyAghrapAda:--gotranAze tu kazyapaH-iti / gotrAjJAne kazyapagotragrahaNaM kartavyam / kazyapasagotrasya sarvasAdhAraNatvAt / tathA ca smRtiH| tasmAdAhuH sarvAH prajAH kAzyapya iti| smRtica0 (zrA0, pR0 481) / aura dekhie inhIM bAtoM ke lie zrA0pra0 (pR0 260) / zUdrakamalAkara (pR0 49) kA kayama hai--'yadyapi tasmAdAhuH sarvAH prajAH kAzyapya iti zatapayazruteH....kazyapaM gotramasti tathApi zrAddha eva tat / ' 'sarvAH prajAH kAzyapyaH' -ye zabda zatapathabrAhmaNa (7 / 5 / 115) ke haiN|

Page #273
1266 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa piNDoM ke viSaya meM kucha bAteM yahA~ para (Age ke saMketoM ke lie) kaha dI jA rahI haiN| piNDoM ke AkAra ke viSaya meM adhika vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| marIci (aparArka, pR0 507) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki pArvaNa zrAva meM piNDa kA AkAra hare Amalaka jaisA honA cAhie, ekodRiSTa meM AkAra bilva (bela) ke barAbara honA cAhie, kintu Azauca ke kAla meM prati dina diye jAnevAle piNDa kA AkAra (navazrAddhoM meM) uparyukta AkAra se apekSAkRta bar3A honA caahie| skanda0 (7 // 1 // 206, smati ca0,zrA0,10475) meM AyA hai ki piNDa itanA bar3A honA cAhie ki do varSa kA bachar3A bar3I saralatA se use apane mukha meM le le| aMgirA (smRtica0, pR0 475 evaM hemAdri, zrA0, pR0 1429) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki piNDa kA AkAra kapittha yA bilva yA murgI ke aNDe yA Amalaka yA badara phala ke samAna honA caahie| maitrAyaNIya-sUtra (hemAdri, zrA0, pR0 1430 ;zrA0 pra0, pR0 257) ke anusAra pitAmaha kA piNDa pitA ke piNDa se bar3A aura tInoM piNDoM ke madhya meM (AkAra meM) honA cAhie aura prapitAmaha kA saba se bar3A honA caahie| dUsarA prazna yaha hai ki piNDa kisa padArtha kA honA caahie| yadi piNDa agnaukaraNa ke pUrva diye jAya~ to unheM pakva cAvala (bhAta yA cara) se banAnA caahie| yadi ve agnaukaraNa ke pazcAta diye jAya~ to (agnIkaraNa ke pazcAta ke zeSAMza se) pake bhojana meM tila milAkara unheM banAnA cAhie (yAjJa0 11242) / yadi brahma-bhoja ke uparAnta piNDoM kA arpaNa ho to unakA nirmANa brahma-bhoja se bace pakva bhojana se honA cAhie aura usameM bhAta milAkara a Ahuti banAnI cAhie, jaisA ki kAtyAyana ke zrAddhasUtra (3) meM AyA hai| matsyapurANa (16 / 45-46) ke mata piNDoM ko gomUtra evaM gobara-mizrita jala se lipe-pute sthAna meM darzoM para rakhanA caahie| devala, brahmANDapurANa evaM bhaviSyapurANa ma AyA hai ki bhUmi para cAra aMgula U~cI evaM eka hAtha caur3I tathA vRttAkAra yA vargAkAra bAlukAvedikA banAnI cAhie, use una pAtroM ke samIpa banAnA cAhie jinase brAhmaNoM ko bhojana diyA jAtA hai aura usa para darbha rakhakara piNDa rakhe jAne caahie| vAyapurANa kA kathana hai ki vedikA yA bhUmi para eka darbha kI jar3a se nimnalikhita mantroM ke sAtha eka rekhA khIMcanI cAhie--'jo azuddha hai usakA maiM nAza karatA hU~, maiMne sabhI asura, dAnava, rAkSasa, pakSa., pizAca , guhyaka evaM yAtudhAnoM ko mAra DAlA hai, (sabhI asuroM evaM rAkSasoM ko, jo dedikA para baiThe haiM) mAra DAlo' (75 / 45-46) / Apa0 zrau0 (1 / 10 / 2) manu (3 / 217), viSNudha0 (73 / 17-19), yama (hemAdri, pR0 1440) kalpataru (zrA0, pa0 203), mahArNavaprakAza (hemAdri meM uddhRta), hemAdi (zrA0, pR0 1440-42) evaM zrA0 pra0 (pR0 266-267) meM chaH RtuoM, 'namo vaH pitaroM' (vAja0 sa0 2 / 32) ke sAtha pitaroM ke lie namaskAra aura pratyeka piNDa rakhate samaya tIna mantra bolane ko ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai| kucha logoM ke mata se RtuoM ko 'rasa', 'zoSa' evaM anya cAra zabdoM (vAja0 saM0 2 / 32) ke samAna kahA gayA hai aura kucha logoM ke mata se RtuoM kI abhyarthanA evaM pitaroM ke namaskAra meM antara hai| zaunakAtharvaNazrAddha-kalpa meM piNDArpaNa kA krama ulaTa diyA gayA hai, arthAt pahale prapitAmaha ko, taba pitAmaha ko aura anta meM pitA ko (hemAdri, zrA0, pR0 1442) / Apa0 zrI0 (1 / 9 / 4) ne 'pitAmahaprabhRtIna vA' meM isa vidhi kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| piNDoM kI pratipatti ke viSaya meM bhI kaI eka mata haiN| yaha pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai ki vAja0 saM0 (11 / 33) evaM anya sUtroM ne aisI vyavasthA dI hai ki madhya kA (tIna piNDoM meM bIca kA) piNDa kartA kI patnI dvArA khAyA jAnA cAhie, yadi vaha putra kI icchA rakhatI ho| manu (31262-263) ne bhI kahA hai ki dharmapatnI (savarNa patnI, jisakA vivAha anya asavarNa patniyoM se pahale huA hai) ko 'Adhatta pitaro garbham' maMtra ke sAtha madhyama piNDa khA lenA cAhie, taba vaha aisA putra pAtI hai jo lambI Ayu vAlA, yazasvI, medhAvI, sampattimAn, santatimAn, sAdhucaraNa evaM sat citta vAlA hotA hai| yahI niyama laghu-AzvalAyana (23 / 83) kUrma0 (2 / 2 / 71), matsya0 (16 / 52), vAyu0 (76 / 31), viSNudharmottara0 (1 / 171-178 evaM 220 / 149), padma0 (sRSTi0 9 / 121) Adi purANoM meM bhI pAyA

Page #274
piNDoM ke nirmANa, dAna Adi evaM bAra ke mukhya aMga kA vicAra 1267 jAtA hai| sAmAnya piNDoM ke viSaya meM Azva0 zrI0(217414-17)kA kathana hai ki madhyara ke atirikta anya piNDoM ko jala meM yA agni meM DAla denA cAhie yA aisA vyakti unheM khA sakatA hai jise bhojana se aci utpanna ho gayI ho, yA use asAdhya rogoM (rAjayakSmA yA kor3ha) se pIr3ita loga khA sakate haiM, jo yA to acche ho jAte haiM yA mara jAte haiN| gobhilaga0 (4 / 3 / 31-34) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki piNDoM ko jala meM yA agni meM chor3a denA cAhie yA kisI brAhmaNa yA gAya ko khAne ke lie de denA caahie| manu (3 / 260-261) kA bhI yahI kathana hai kintu usane itanA jor3a diyA hai ki ve kisI bakarI ko bhI khAne ko diye jA sakate haiM aura pakSiyoM ko bhI diye jA sakate haiM, jaisI ki kucha anya logoM ne anumati dI hai| yAjJa0 (11257), matsya0 (16152-53) evaM padma0 (sRSTi0, 9 / 120) ne bhI upayukta piNDa-pratipatti kI pAMca vidhiyA~ dI haiM, kintu padma0 ne yaha bhI jor3a diyA hai ki ve kisI bhUmi-dUha para bhI rakhe jA sakate haiN|" varAhapurANa (190-121) kA kathana hai ki kartA ko prathama piNDa svayaM khA jAnA cAhie aura madhya vAlA apanI patnI ko de denA cAhie aura tIsare ko jala meM DAla denA caahie| anuzAsana0 (125 / 25 / 26) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki prathama aura tRtIya piMDa jala yA agni meM chor3a denA cAhie aura dvitIya patnI dvArA khA DAlA jAnA caahie| bRhaspati (smRtica0, zrA0, pR0486 evaM kalpataru, zrA0, pR0 224) ne kahA hai ki yadi patnI kisI roga se pIr3ita ho yA garbhavatI ho yA kisI anya sthAna meM ho, to madhyama piMDa kisI baila yA bakarI ko khAne ke lie de denA caahie| viSNudharmottara (1314118) meM AyA hai ki yadi zrAddha kA sapAdana tIrtha meM ho to piMDoM ko pavitra jala meM chor3a denA caahie| anuzAsana (115 / 38-40) tathA vAyu0 (76 / 32-34) evaM brahma (220 / 150-152) jaise purANoM ne piNDa-pratipatti se utpanna phaloM kI carcA kI hai, yathA-gAyoM ko piNDa khilAne se sundara logoM kI, jala meM DAlane se medhA evaM yaza kI tathA pakSo Adi ko dene se dIrgha Ayu kI prApti hotI hai| brahmANDa0 (upodghAta, 12 / 31-35) kA kathana hai ki gAyoM ko dene se sarvotama varNa yA raMga, murgoM ko dene se sukumAratA evaM kauoM ko dene se dIrgha jIvana kI prApti hotI hai| yaha jJAtavya hai ki sabhI zrAddhoM meM cAvala (bhAta) yA ATe ke piMDa diye jAne caahie| zrAddhakalpalatA (1086-89) meM una zrAddhoM ke viSaya meM lambA vivecana upasthita kiyA gayA hai jinameM bhojana kA piMDa-dAna niSiddha hai| udAharaNArtha, pulastya ke mata se donoM ayanoM ke dinoM para, viSuvIya dinoM para, kisI saMkrAnti para piMDa nahIM diye jAne cAhie aura isI prakAra, yadi vyakti putroM tathA dhana kI icchA rakhatA hai, to use ekAdazI, trayodazI, maghA evaM kRttikA nakSatroM ke zrAddhoM meM piMDadAna nahIM karanA caahie| zrAddha ke pramukha viSaya ke bAre meM tIna mata pratipAdita kiye jAte haiM, jaise--kucha logoM (yathA govindarAja) kA kayana hai ki zrAddha meM pramukha viSaya yA vastu yA pradhAna karma brAhmaNa-bhojana hai aura isa kathana ke lie ve manu0 129) ke nimna likhita vacana ko uddhRta karate haiM---'devoM evaM pitaroM ke kRtya meM vedajJAna-zUnya brAhmaNoM kI apekSA eka hI vidvAn brAhmaNa ko bhojana karAyA jA sakatA hai| aisA karane se kartA ko adhika phala prApta hotA 96. piNDAzca gojavipremyo dadyAdagnI jale'pi vaa| vaprAnte vAya vikiradApobhiratha vAhayet / / padma0 (sRSTi0, 9 / 120); aparArka (pR0 550)evaM hemAdri (zrA0, pR0 1504) / pakSiyoM ko piMDa khilAne kI jo anumati dI gayI hai vaha svAbhAvika hI hai, kyoMki aisA vizvAsa kiyA gayA thA ki pitara loga pakSiyoM ke rUpa meM vicaraNa kiyA karate haiN| aura delie kUrma0 (2 / 22 / 83) / 97. bhakSayet prathama piNaM paranya deyaM tu madhyamam / tRtIyamudake dabAcchAba evaM vidhiH smRtH|| varAha0 (1901121) /

Page #275
1268 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa hai " yahA~ zrAddhakarma kA phala vidvAn brAhmaNa ke bhojana karAne se saMbaMdhita hai| isa viSaya meM dekhie jaimini ( 4 | 14 | 19 ) kI pUrva mImAMsA dvArA upasthApita nyAya aura vedAnta para zAMkarabhASya ( 2 / 1 / 14 ) aura jaimini ( 4/4/2938 ) - 'jo kisI kRtya kI samIpatA meM varNita hotA hai usase phala kI prApti to hotI hai kintu koI viziSTa phala nahIM milatA, kintu vaha ghoSita phala kA aMga mAtra hotA hai|' kucha zrAddhoM meM piNDadAna nahIM hotA, yathA AmazrAddha tathA una zrAddhoM meM jo yugAdi dinoM meM kiye jAte haiN|" karka jaise logoM kA kathana hai ki zrAddha meM piNDadAna hI mukhya viSaya hai / ve isa tathya para nirbhara haiM ki gayA meM piNDadAna hI mukhya viSaya hai, aura viSNudharmasUtra (78 / 52-53 evaM 85 165-66 ), varAha0 ( 1350), viSNupurANa (3 / 14122-23), brahma0 (220131-32), viSNudharmottara 0 ( 1 / 14513 - 4 ) ke AdhAra para kahate haiM ki pitaroM kI aisI utkaTa icchA hotI hai ki unheM koI putra ho jo gayA yA pavitra nadiyoM Adi para unake piNDadAna kare / isa mata kI puSTi meM yaha bAta bhI kahI gayI hai| ki putrotpatti para kiye gaye zrAddha meM tathA sat zUdra dvArA kiye gaye zrAddha meM brAhmaNa bhojana niSiddha hai| eka tIsarA mata yaha hai ki zrAddha meM brAhmaNabhojana evaM piNDadAna donoM pramukha viSaya haiN| gobhilasmRti ( 3 / 160 163) ne bhI isa tIsare mata kA samarthana kiyA hai| una viSayoM meM jahA~ 'zrAddha' zabda prayukta hotA hai aura jahA~ brAhmaNabhojana evaM piNDadAna nahIM hotA, yathA - devazrAddha meM, vahA~ yaha zabda kevala gauNa artha meM hI prayukta hotA hai| dekhie hemAdri ( zrA0, pR0157- 160 ) / dharmapradIpa meM kahA gayA hai ki yajurveda ke anuyAyiyoM ( vAjasaneyiyoM) meM piNDoM kA dAna hI pramukha hai, Rgveda ke anuyAyiyoM meM brAhmaNabhojana tathA sAmaveda ke anuyAyiyoM meM donoM pramukha viSaya mAne jAte haiN| ataH spaSTa hai ki zrAddha ke do svarUpa haiM; yaha yAga (yajJa) hai aura dAna bhii| haradatta, hemAdri, kapardI Adi, aisA pratIta hotA hai, bhojana, piNDadAna evaM agnIkaraNa tInoM ko pramukha mAnate haiN| dekhie saMskAraratnamAlA ( pR01003) / sapiNDa sambandha sAta pIr3hiyoM taka hotA hai, jaisI ki matsya 0 ( 13 / 29 ) kI eka prasiddha ukti hai; 'cauthI pIr3hI se (kartA ke prapitAmaha ke pitA, pitAmaha evaM prapitAmaha) pitara loga lepabhAjaH (zrAddhakartA ke hAtha meM lage piNDAvazeSoM ke bhAgI) hote haiM; (piNDakartA ke ) pitA, pitAmaha evaM prapitAmaha piNDa pAte haiM; piNDakartA sAtavA~ hotA hai|" sAptapauruSa sambandha ke viSaya meM mArkaNDeya 0 ( 2804 - 5 ) meM bhI ullekha hai| " aura dekhie brahma0 (220 / 84-86 ) | manu ( 3 / 216) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki kartA ko darbhoM para tIna piNDa rakhane cAhie aura taba hAtha meM lage bhojanAvazeSa evaM jala ko darbhoM kI jar3a se ( jina para piNDa rakhe hue the ) haTAnA caahie| yaha jhAr3ana unake lie hotA hai jo lepabhAgI (prapitAmaha 98. puSkalaM phalamApnotItyabhidhAnAd brAhmaNasya bhojanamatra pradhAnam piNDadAnAdi tvaMgamityavasIyate / govindarAja ( manu0 3 / 129 ) / kullUka ne bhI isa mata ke lie yahI zloka uddhRta kiyA hai| 99. tathA ca pulastyaH / ayanadvitaye zrAddhaM viSuvadvitaye tathA / yugAdiSu ca sarvAsu piNDanirvapaNAdRte / / iti / kartavyamiti zeSaH / smRtica0 ( zrA0, pR0 369 ) / aura dekhie hemAdri ( zrA0, pR0 334-336) / 100. le bhAjazcaturyAdyAH pitrAdyAH piNDabhAginaH / piNDadaH saptamasteSAM sAviNDayaM sAptapauruSam // matsya0 ( 18 / 29 ) / ye hI padya padma ( sRSTikhaMDa 10 / 34-35) meM bhI Aye haiM, jisameM 'sapiNDAH saptapuruSAH ' pATha hai / aura dekhie aparArka (10507 ) / matsya 0 ( 16 / 38 ) meM punaH AyA hai -- teSu darbheSu taM hastaM nimRjyAtlepabhAginAm / 101. lepasambandhinazcAnye pitAmahapitAmahAt / prabhRtyuktAstrayasteSAM yajamAnazca saptamaH / ityevaM munibhiH proktaH sambandhaH sAptapauruSaH / mArkaNDeya0 (28 / 4-5) / dekhie dAyabhAga ( 11 / 41), jisane mRtyu se utpanna Azauca se ise sambandhita kiyA hai|

Page #276
lepabhAgI pitaroM evaM balivaizvadeva- samaya kA vicAra 1269 se Age ke tIna pUrva-puruSa) kahalAte haiN| " aisI hI vyavasthA viSNudharmasUtra ( 73122), varAhapurANa (14136), garur3apurANa (AcArakhaNDa 218 / 24 ) evaM kUrmapurANa (2 / 22 / 52 ) meM bhI dI huI hai| medhAtithi ( manu 3 / 216 ) kA kathana hai ki yadi hAtha meM bhojana evaM jala na bhI lagA ho taba bhI kartA darbhoM (jina para prathama piNDa rakhA gayA thA) kI jar3oM se hAtha poMchatA hai| zrAddhakalpalatA ( pR0 14 ) meM uddhRta devala ke kathana se eka viziSTa niyama yaha jJAta hotA hai ki yadi pitA yA mAtA balavaza yA svecchA se mleccha ho jAya~ to unake lie Azauca nahIM lagatA aura unake lie zrAddha nahIM kiyA jAtA tathA pitA ke lie diye jAnevAle tIna piNDoM ke lie viSNu kA nAma liyA jAnA caahie| prasiddha lekhakoM ke mana meM eka prazna uThatA rahA hai ki kyA Ahnika vaizvadeva zrAddhakarma prArambha hone ke pUrva karanA cAhie yA usake pazcAt / isa viSaya meM hameM smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki kucha granthoM meM AyA hai ki devoM kI apekSA pitara loga pUrva mahattva rakhate haiN| manu ( 3 / 265) kA kathana hai ki brAhmaNoM ke prasthAna ke uparAnta zrAddhakartA ko gRhabali (prati dina kiyA jAnevAlA anna- arpaNa) karanI cAhie, kyoMki yahI dharmavyavasthA hai / medhAtithi ne vyAkhyA kI hai ki 'bali' zabda kevala pradarzana yA udAharaNa mAtra hai| * matsya0 (1761), varAha0 ( 14 | 43 ), skanda0 (7/1/266 / 101-102), devala, kArSNAjini Adi kA kathana hai ki pitaroM ke kRtya ke uparAnta vaizvadeva karanA caahie| jaba zrAddha kRtya ke uparAnta vaizvadeva kiyA jAtA hai to vaha usa bhojana se kiyA jAtA hai jo zrAddha bhojana ke uparAnta zeSa rahatA hai / kintu hemAdri ( pR0 1058-1064) ne eka lambA vivecana upasthita kiyA hai aura nimna niSkarSa nikAle haiN| AhitAgni ke viSaya meM vaizvadeva zrAddha ke pUrva karanA cAhie; kevala mRtyu ke uparAnta 11veM dina ke zrAddha ko chodd'kr| kintu anya logoM (jinhoMne agnyAdhAna nahIM kiyA hai) ke lie vaizvadeva ke viSaya meM tIna vikalpa haiM, yathA -- agnaukaraNa ke pazcAt yA vikira (unake lie darbhoM para bhojana chir3akanA jo binA saMskAroM ke mRta ho gaye haiM) ke pazcAt yA zrAddha samApti ke uparAnta brAhmaNoM ke cale jAne ke pazcAt ( pR0 1064) / yadi vaizvadeva zrAddha ke pUrva yA usake madhya meM kiyA jAya to vaizvadeva evaM zrAddha ke lie pRthak-pRthak bhojana bananA caahie| sabhI ke lie, cAhe ve sAgnika hoM athavA anagnika, yadi vaizvadeva zrAddhakarma ke pazcAt ho to usakA sampAdana zrAddha karma se bace bhojana se hI kiyA jAnA caahie| paiThInasi jaise RSiyoM ne pratipAdita kiyA hai ki zrAddha meM Amantrita brAhmaNoM ko bhojana dene ke pUrva zrAddha bhojana dvArA vaizvadeva kabhI nahIM karanA cAhie, arthAt yadi vahI bhojana brAhmaNabhojana ke lie banA ho to vaizvadeva zrAddha ke uparAnta hI karanA caahie|" nirNayasindhu ( 3, pR0 459) kA kathana hai ki smRtiyoM meM adhikAMza ne vaizvadeva kA sampAdana zrAddha ke uparAnta mAnA hai aura yahI bAta bahuta se TIkAkAroM evaM nibandhakAroM ne bhI kahI hai (yathA medhAtithi evaM smRtiratnAvalI ) / ataH sabhI ko zrAddha samApti ke uparAnta vaizvadeva karanA caahie| 102. nyudhya piNDAMstatastAMstu prayato vidhipUrvakam / teSu darbheSu taM hastaM nimRjyAllepabhAginAm // manu ( 3 / 216) / antima AdhA matsya 0 ( 16 / 38) meM bhI AyA hai| 103 devakAryAd dvijAtInAM pitRkAryaM viziSyate / manu ( 3 / 203 ) ; brahmANDa 0 ( upodghAtapAda, 10 / 104 ) ; matsya 0 ( 15/40 ) evaM vAyu0 (73 / 55) / 104. tato gRhabaliM kuryAditi dharmo vyavasthitaH / manu ( 3 / 265) / medhAtithi kI vyAkhyA yoM hai - 'tato gRhabala niSpa zrAddhakarmaNyanantaraM vaizvadevahomAnvAhikAtithyAdibhojanaM kartavyam / balizabdasya pradarzanArthatvAt / ' 105. pitRRNAmanivedya tasmAdanAdvaizvadevAdikamapi na kAryam / tathA ca paiThInasiH / pitRpAkAtsamuddhRtya vaizvadevaM karoti yaH / AsuraM tad bhavecchrAddhaM pitRRNAM nopatiSThate // smRtica0 ( zrA0, pR0 410 ) /

Page #277
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa aba hameM yaha dekhanA Avazyaka hai ki Ajakala pArvaNa zrAddha kisa prakAra kiyA jAtA hai| Adhunika kAla meM isake kaI prakAra haiN| bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM isake vistAra meM bhinnatA pAyI jAtI hai| isa prakAra kI bhinnatA ke kaI kAraNa haiM; kartA kisI veda yA kisI veda-zAkhA kA anuyAyI ho sakatA hai, kisI prasiddha lekhaka ko mAnyatA dI jA sakatI hai, kartA vaiSNava hai yA zaiva, kyoMki isake anusAra bhI bahuta-sI bAteM jur3a gayI haiN| hama ina vibhinnatAoM kI carcA nahIM kareMge, kyoMki ve mahattvapUrNa nahIM haiM / hamane Upara dekha liyA hai ki brAhmaNa-granthoM evaM sUtroM ke kAla meM pArvaNa zrAddha bahuta sarala thA / una dinoM pArvaNa zrAddha meM vizvedevoM kI pUjA ke viSaya meM yA mAtRpakSa ke pUrva-puruSoM yA pitaroM kI patniyoM ke viSaya meM spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai| kintu kAlAntara meM inakI parigaNanA ho gayI aura yAjJavalkyasmRti ke kAla meM vizvedevoM ke lie eka viziSTa AvAhana kI prathA ba~dha gyii| kintu ye saba isa smRti ke samaya taka kaI koTiyoM meM nahIM vibhAjita ho sake the| smRti-kAla meM vibhinna zrAddhoM ke lie vibhinna vizvedevoM kI koTiyA~ pratiSThApita ho gayIM / zrAddha kRtya ke lie purANoM ne katipaya paurANika mantroM kI nirdhAraNA kara dI, yathA- 'Agacchantu' evaM 'devatAbhyaH pitRbhyazca / aura bhI, Age calakara pUrvamImAMsA kA siddhAnta bhI pratipAdita ho gayA ki vibhinna zAkhAoM evaM sUtroM meM varNita sabhI kRtya eka hI haiM aura kisI bhI zAkhA yA sUtra se kucha bhI liyA jA sakatA hai, yadi vaha apanI zAkhA yA sUtra ke virodha meM nahIM par3atA hai| isa siddhAnta kA pariNAma yaha huA ki zrAddha - kRtyoM meM sabhI kucha sammilita-sA ho gayA aura sampUrNa vidhi vizada ho gyii| eka sAdhAraNa parivartana se kyA antara utpanna ho sakatA hai, ise hama eka udAharaNa se samajha sakate haiN| mithilA meM pArvaNa zrAddha ke lie daridra loga bhI ( gA~voM meM ) 11 brAhmaNoM ko Amantrita karate haiM, kintu eka vidvAn brAhmaNa kA milanA, jise pAtra yA mahApAtra kahA jAtA hai, duSkara ho jAyA karatA hai / aisI sthiti meM, jaba ki mahApAtra yA pAtra brAhmaNa nahIM milatA, zrAddha ko apAtraka - pArvaNa zrAddha (jisake lie koI zAstrIya pramANa nahIM hai) kahA jAtA hai / vaha zrAddha sapAtraka - pArvaNa zrAddha se katipaya aisI bAtoM meM bhinna kahA jAtA hai, jinameM do (vAjasaneyI logoM ke viSaya meM) yahA~ dI jA rahI haiN| yadyapi kAtyAyana ke zrAddhasUtra ne (kaNDikA 3 ke anta meM), jo vAjasaneyiyoM meM prAmANika mAnA jAtA hai, udghoSita kiyA hai ki zrAddha ke anta meM 'vAje vAje' (vAja 0 saM 0 9 / 18 ) ke sAtha brAhmaNoM ko vidA denI cAhie aura kartA ko 'A mA vAjasya' (vAja0 saM0 9 / 19) mantra ke sAtha brAhmaNoM kI pradakSiNA karanI cAhie, kintu Ajakala mithilA ke ziSTa loga, jaisA ki 'zrAddharatna' ke sampAdaka ne likhA hai, apAtraka-pArvaNa zrAddha meM ina niyamoM kA pAlana nahIM karate / rudradhara ke zrAddhaviveka ( pR0 138 - 146) meM apAtraka - pArvaNazrAddha prayoga para vistAra ke sAtha likhA huA hai| madhya evaM Adhunika kAla meM bhArata ke vibhinna prAntoM meM vibhinna vedoM ke anuyAyiyoM dvArA vibhinna paddhatiyA~ apanAyI jAtI rahI haiN| udAharaNArtha, baMgAla ke sAmavediyoM, yajurvediyoM evaM RgvediyoM dvArA krama se bhavadeva, pazupati evaM kAlesi kI pArvaNazrAddha-sambandhI paddhatiyA~ apanAyI jAtI haiM aura kucha loga raghunandana ke 'zrAddhatattva' evaM 'yajurvedizrAddhatattva' meM vyavasthita niyamoM kA anusaraNa karate haiN| mithilA meM, zrIdatta ne yajurvediyoM ke lie pitRbhakti evaM sAmavediyoM ke lie zrAddhakalpa nAmaka grantha likhe, aura mahAmahopAdhyAya lakSmIpati ( 1500 se 1640 I0 ke bIca) ke zrAddharatna meM, jo darabhaMgA meM mudrita huA hai aura maithiloM ke lie paramparAgata paddhati ke rUpa meM ( maithila sAmpradAyika zrAddhapaddhati) vikhyAta hai, likhA hai ki isane chandogoM ke lie evaM vAjasaneyiyoM ke lie praNIta pratihastakakRta sugatisopAna kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| madrAsa yA dakSiNa bhArata meM vaiSNava brAhmaNa vaidika-sArvabhauma yA tolappara ke hArIta veMkaTAcArya kI pUrva evaM apara kriyA kA anusaraNa karate haiM, aura smArta brAhmaNa loga vaidyanAtha ke smRtimuktAphala kA, jo bahuta sI bAtoM meM vaidika sArvabhauma se bhinna nahIM hai, anusaraNa karate haiM / yahA~ ina sabhI paddhatiyoM kA sAMgopAMga nirUpaNa, milAna evaM virodha-pradarzana nahIM kiyA jAyagA / pazcima bhArata ke RgvediyoM meM pratisAMvatsarika zrAddha prasiddha 1270

Page #278
vibhinna prAntoM meM pracalita dhArapaddhati 1271 hai, jisakA varNana hama yahA~ nahIM kreNge| dakSiNa bhArata (madrAsa Adi) meM jo pratisAMvatsarika zrAddha hotA hai usameM evaM pazcima bhArata vAle meM kevala kucha bAteM hI bhinna haiN| dakSiNa (yA madrAsa) kI paddhati meM bahuta-se mantra evaM te. TO ke kathana Adi nahIM pAye jAte, kintu brAhmaNoM kI padadhUli kI prazaMsA vAle zloka Ate haiN| bahuta-se vaidika evaM paurANika mantra eka-se haiN| madrAsa-paddhati meM Aye hue AzIrvAda bahuta vistRta haiM, vahA~ kartA ke pazuoM ke dIrgha jIvana evaM svAsthya ke lie bhI AzIrvAda-vacana diye hue haiN| vahA~ kI vidhi meM hI bahuta-se mantra 'annasUkta' ke rUpa meM diye gaye haiM aura usa paddhati ke anta meM prasiddha ukti hai-'kAyena vAcA mnsendriyairvaa'| baMgAla meM mAdhyandina zAkhA vAle yajurvediyoM kI vidhi, jise raghunandana ne apane yajurvedi-zrAddhatattva meM diyA hai, pUrNarUpeNa kAtyAyana ke zrAddhasUtra kI dUsarI evaM tIsarI kaNDikAoM para AdhArita hai| halAyudha ke brAhmaNasarvasva meM jo pArvaNazrAddha-prayoga pAyA jAtA hai, vaha kAtyAyana para AdhArita hai| pazcima baMgAla ke bhATapArA ke mAdhyandinoM dvArA prayukta pArvaNazrAddha-vidhi raghunandana dvArA sthApita paddhati kA anusaraNa karatI hai| aba yahA~ kAtyAyana ke zrAddhasUtra kA anuvAda diyA jAtA hai aura sAtha hI halAyudha evaM raghunandana kI vyAkhyAe~ evaM unhoMne jo Upara se jor3A hai--saba kucha diyA jA rahA hai| "pArvaNa zrAddha meM pUrva hI vizvedevoM ke kRtya kiye jAte haiN| piNDapitRyajJa kI vidhi hI anusarita hotI hai|06 pitRkRtya meM sarvatra dviguNa (doharAye hue) darbha prayukta hote haiM (vaizvadevika kRtya meM sIdhe darbha prayukta hote haiN)| jaba kucha dAna kiyA jAtA hai, kartA (sabhI daiva evaM pitrya kRtyoM meM) pavitra pahanatA hai aura baiThe-baiThe dAna detA hai| (jaba prazna pUche jAte hoM to) kartA brahmabhoja meM baiThe hue logoM meM sarvocca yA mUrdhanya se (daiva kRtya meM mUrdhanya daiva brAhmaNa se evaM pitrya kRtya meM mUrdhanya pitrya brAhmaNa se) prazna karatA hai yA vaha sabhI se prazna kara sakatA hai (uttara eka vyakti yA sabhI loga dete haiN)| AsanoM para darbha bichAkara (vaha brAhmaNoM ko baiThAtA hai) vaha prazna karatA hai-'kyA maiM vizvedevoM kA AvAhana karU~ ?' (daiva brAhmaNoM se) anumati pAkara (avazya AvAhana karo kA uttara pAkara) vaha vizve devAsa Agata' (vAja0 sN07|34 he sabhI deva, Aie, mere AvAhana ko sunie aura darbha para baiThie') ke sAtha vizvedevoM kA AvAhana karatA hai| isake uparAnta vaha (brAhmaNoM ke samakSa) yava (jau) bikheratA hai aura eka mantra kA uccAraNa karatA hai (vAja. sa0 33153, 'vizvedevAH zRNutemam' arthAt he deva, mere isa AvAhana ko sunie)| isake uparAnta vaha (pitrya brAhmaNoM se) pUchatA hai---'maiM pitaroM ko bulaauuNgaa|' (pitrya brAhmaNoM se) anumati pAkara (avazya bulAo aisI anumati), vaha 'uzantas tvAm' (vAja0 saM0 19 / 70, 'he agni, hama apane pitaroM ke icchuka haiM, tumheM nIce rakhate hai Adi') mantra ke sAtha unakA AvAhana karatA hai| taba vaha (pitrya bAhmaNoM ke samakSa tila) bikheratA hai aura mantra-pATha karatA hai (vAja0 saM0 19 / 58, 'Ayantu naH pitaraH' arthAt 'somapriya pitA hamAre pAsa AyeM aadi')| taba vaha yajJiya vRkSa 106. piNDapitRyajJavavupacAraH-pariNAma yaha hai-aparAhu kAlaH, zrAddhakartuHprAcInAvItitA, dakSiNAbhimukhatA, vAmajAnunipAtaH, pitRtIyaM, aprAdakSiNyaM, dakSiNApavargatA, darbhANAM dakSiNAgratA cetyAdayaH paitRkA dhrmaaH| inase yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki vaizvadevika brAhmaNopacAra meM nimna prakAra pAye jAte haiM-yajJopavItitA, karturudahumukhatA, dakSiNajAnunipAtaH, devatIrtha, prAdakSiNyam, udagapavargatA, prAgagratA cetyAdayo vaivikdhrmaaH| prathama bhAga meM kucha apavAda haiM, yathAdakSiNAdAna, stotrajapa evaM viprvisrjn| 107. yaha jJAtavya hai ki kAtyAyana dvArA udhata sabhI mantra upayukta evaM samIcIna haiN| sthAnAbhAva se sabhI mantra anUdita nahIM kiye jA rahe haiN|

Page #279
1272 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ( palAza, udumbara Adi) se bane pAtroM meM jala bharatA hai, jinameM 'zaM no devI' (vAja0 saM0 36 / 12, 'deva jala hamAre sukha ke lie hoM Adi) mantra ke sAtha pavitra DuboyA rahatA hai ( vaha daivakRtya ke lie pAtra meM yava rakhatA hai)| vaha pratyeka pAtra ( camasa) meM tilosi' (Azva0 gR0 7 / 7-8 ) ke sAtha tila DAlatA hai / vaha pratyeka brAhmaNa ( pahale daiva aura taba pitrya) ke hAtha meM, jisameM pavitra rahatA hai, jala DhAratA hai aura nIce sone, cA~dI, tAmra, khaDga, maNimaya pAtra yA koI pAtra yA patroM ke pAtra rakhe rahate haiN| aisA karate samaya 'yA divyA ApaH' mantra kA pATha hotA hai| jala ina zabdoM ke sAtha diyA jAtA hai - 'he pitA, amuka nAma yaha Apake lie arghya hai' (taba anya pitaroM ko diyA jAtA hai) / ( pitA vAle) prathama pAtra meM anya pAtroM ke zeSa jala ko, jo anya pitaroM vAle pAtroM kA hotA hai, DAlakara vaha use yaha kahakara ulaTA kara detA hai--'tuma pitaroM ke sthAna ho / ' yahIM para (pitrya brAhmaNoM ko ) gandha, candana lepa puSpa, dhUpa, dIpa evaM vastra diye jAte haiM / 108 eka anya pAtra meM zrAddha ke lie pahale se hI bane bhojana ko rakhakara aura usameM ghI milAkara kartA kahatA hai-- 'maiM agnaukaraNa kruuNgaa|' 'avazya karoM' kI anumati pAkara vaha mRhya agni meM piNDapitRyajJa kI bhA~ti AhutiyA~ DAlatA hai| isake uparAnta (agnIkaraNa se ) zeSa bhojana ko Amantrita brAhmaNoM ke pAtroM meM parosakara vaha pratyeka pAtra ke Upara evaM nIce sparza karatA hai aura isa mantra kA pATha karatA hai--' pRthivI tumhArA pAtra hai Adi' ( vaha kucha bhojana alaga rakha letA hai jisase Age calakara piNDa banAye jAte haiM) taba ( pAtroM meM bhojana parosane ke uparAnta) vaha eka RcA (R01|22|17, 'idaM viSNuvicakrame ' ) ke sAtha brAhmaNoM ke a~gUThe ko bhojana se lagAtA hai| taba vaha ( yavoM ko daiva brAhmaNoM ke samakSa mauna rUpa se) tiloM ko 'apahatA asurA rakSAMsi vediSada:' (vAja0 saM0 2 / 29 ) ke sAtha bikheratA hai| isake uparAnta vaha (bhojanakartA yA mRta vyakti dvArA cAhA gayA) garma bhojana parosatA hai yA jo bhI kucha vaha de sake khAne ko detA hai| jaba brAhmaNa loga khAne meM vyasta rahate haiM vaha nimna mantroM kA japa karatA hai--om evaM vyAhRtiyoM se Arambha karake gAyatrI kA eka yA tIna bAra pATha, rAkSoghnI (4 / 4 / 1-15) 'udI ratAmavara ut' RcA se Arambha honevAle mantra, puruSasUkta (R0 10 / 10 / 1-16), apratiratha sUkta (R0 10 103 / 1-13) Adi / isake uparAnta brAhmaNoM ko santuSTa jAnakara vaha unake samakSa kucha bhojana bikhera detA hai aura pratyeka brAhmaNa ko eka bAra ( bhojanoparAnta apozana ke lie) ala detA hai| taba use gAyatrI mantra, tIna madhumatI mantra ( R0 190 / 6-8 ) evaM madhu (tIna bAra ) kA pATha karanA caahie| taba use pUchanA cAhie -- 'kyA Apa satuSTa ho gaye ?' unake dvArA 'hama santuSTa ho gaye' kahe jAne para vaha unase zeSa bhojana ke lie anumati mA~gatA hai, sabhI bhojana ko eka pAtra meM ekatra karatA hai ( usase piNDa nirmANa karane ke lie); jahA~ brAhmaNoM ne bhojana kiyA ho usI sthala ke pAsa vaha piNDoM ke do dala (tIna pitRpakSa aura tIna mAtRpakSa ke pUrvapuruSoM ke lie) banAtA hai aura una para jala DhAratA hai / kucha logoM kA kathana hai ki brAhmaNoM ke Acamana ke uparAnta piNDa dene caahie| Acamana ke uparAnta vaha brAhmaNoM ko jala, puSpa, akSata evaM akSayyodaka detA hai| isake pazcAt vaha kalyANArtha prArthanA karatA hai-- 'pitara loga aghora 109 108. chaH pitara hote haiM, tIna pitRpakSa ke aura tIna mAtRpakSa ke, ataH chaH pAtra hote haiN| pA~ca pAtroM kI jala-bUMda prathama pAtra meM DAlI jAtI haiM / raghunandana ne itanA jor3a diyA hai ki prathama pAtra pitAmaha ke pAtra se DhakA rahatA hai aura phira ulaTe muMha rakha diyA jAtA hai| brAhmaNasarvasva ne vyAkhyA kI hai--tatra ca pitarastiSThantIti bRhaspatiH / ' AvRtAstatra tiSThanti pitaraH zrAddhadevatAH / ' 109. 'akSayyodaka' ke viSaya meM gadAdhara kI vyAkhyA yoM hai- 'akSayyodakazabdena dattAnnapAnAderAnantyaprArthanasambandhi jalamabhidhIyate / tacca pitRbrAhmaNebhya eveti karkaH / sarvebhyo dadyAditi smRtyartha sAre / '

Page #280
uttara bhArata kI pArvaNa-bhADa vidhi 1273 (dayAla) hoN|' brAhmaNa pratyattara dete haiM 'aisA hI ho,' vaha kahatA hai-'hamArA kUla bddh'e| ve kahate haiM-'aisA hI ho|' vaha prArthanA karatA hai--'hamAre kula meM dAtA bddh'eN|' ve kahate haiM-'aisA hI ho|' vaha prArthanA karatA hai'veda aura santati bddh'e|' ve kahate haiM-'vaisA hI kho|' vaha kahatA hai-'mujhase zraddhA na dUra htte|' ve kahate haiM'na dUra ho|' vaha kahatA hai--'hamAre pAsa pracura dravya ho jisakA hama dAna kara skeN|' ve pratyuttara dete haiM-'aisA hI ho|' AzIrvAda pAne ke pazcAt vaha pavitroM ke sAtha svadhA-vAcanIya nAmaka kuzoM (agrabhAgo evaM pavitroM ke sahita) ko (piNDoM ke pAsa bhUmi para yA piNDoM para hI jaisA ki 'devayAjJika' Adi meM AyA hai) rakhatA hai| vaha (sabhI brAhmaNoM yA mUrdhanya se) pUchatA hai--'kyA maiM Apa logoM se svadhA kahane ko kahU~ ?' unase anumati milane para vaha prArthanA karatA hai--'pitaroM ke lie svadhA ho, pitAmahoM, prapitAmahoM, (mAtRvarga ke) nAnA, paranAnA, bar3e paranAnA ke lie svadhA ho|' jaba brAhmaNa aisA kahate haiM ki 'svadhA ho to vaha Urja vahantIH' (vAja0 saM0 2|34)paatth ke sAtha, svadhAvAcanIya kuzoM para jala chir3akatA hai| taba vaha ulaTe muMha vAle pAtra ko sIghA karatA hai aura apanI yogyatA ke anusAra brAhmaNoM ko dakSiNA detA hai| vaha daiva brAhmaNoM se kahalavAtA hai--sabhI deva prasanna hoN|' taba vaha sabhI brAhmaNoM ko 'bAje bAje' (vAja0 sN09|18) ke sAtha vidA karatA hai aura 'A mA vAjasya' (vAja0 saM0 9 / 19) ke sAtha (gA~va kI sImA taka) unakA anusaraNa karatA hai aura unakI pradakSiNA kara apane ghara lauTa AtA hai|" ___ yaha jJAtavya hai ki darzoM para piNDoM ko rakhane ke pazcAt evaM brAhmaNoM ko bidA karane ke pUrva baMgAla ke pArvaNa-zrAddha kI paddhati meM, jo halAyudha ke brAhmaNasarvasva evaM raghunandana ke yajurvedi-zrAddhatattva para AdhArita hai, kucha anya bAteM bhI jor3a dI gayI haiN| kartA uttarAbhimukha hokara kahatA hai-'he pitara loga, yahA~ santoSa prApta karo aura apane-apane bhAga para bailoM kI bhAMti aao|' taba vaha apane pUrva Asana para Akara kahatA hai-'pitara loga santuSTa hue aura apane-apane bhAga para baila kI bhA~ti aaye|' taba vaha apanI dhotI ke eka bhAga ko, jo kaTi meM khoMsA huA thA, khIMca letA hai aura hAtha jor3atA hai, arthAt cha: bAra namaskAra karatA hai aura mantra 'namo vaH pitaro rasAya' (vAja0 saM0 2 / 32) kA pATha karatA hai| vaha piNDoM ko sUMghatA hai aura madhyama piNDa putra kI icchA karanevAlI patnI ko detA hai tathA mantra 'Adhatta' ( vAja0 saM0 2 / 33 ) kA pATha karatA hai|150 sthAnAbhAva se hama Adhunika hiraNyakeziyoM kI pArvaNazrAddha-paddhati para prakAza nahIM DAla skte| yaha bahuta aMzoM meM Azva0 gR0 kI paddhati ke sAtha calatI hai, mukhya antara yaha hai ki bahuta-se mantra bhinna haiN| gopInAtha kI saMskAraratnamAlA meM pR0 985 se Age isI kA ullekha hai| isa antima grantha kI eka vizeSatA yaha hai ki isane antara dikhAne ke lie bAla kI khAla nikAlI hai| pR0 985 para isameM amAvAsyA para kiye jAnevAle (piNDapitayajJa ke atirikta) do zrAddhoM kI ora saMketa hai, yathA--mAsi-zrAda evaM maasik-shraad| pahale kA varNana hiraNyakezI dharmasUtra meM evaM dUsare kA gRhyasUtra meM huA hai| gopInAtha ne Age kahA hai ki gRhyasUtra meM varNita anya zrAddhoM kI paddhati para hI mAsika zrAddha avalambita hai, aura mAsizrAddha dharmazAstroM meM varNita zrAddhoM para, yathA mahAlaya zrAddha yA sAMvatsarika shraaddh| unhoMne yaha bhI kahA hai ki darzazrAddha hI mAsizrAddha hai (pR0 988), mAsika zrAddha pratyeka darza yA varSa meM kisI darza para kiyA jA sakatA hai| manu (3 / 122) ke mata se mAsizrAddha piNDapitRyajJa ke turanta bAda hI kiyA jAtA hai 110. dekhie manu (3 / 218) /

Page #281
1274 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa aura mAsika zrAddha kA sampAdana mAsizrAddha ke uparAnta hotA hai| Adhunika kAla meM koI bhI prAcIna niyamoM ke anusAra mAsizrAddha yA mAsika zrAddha nahIM karatA / aba to zrAddha eka brAhmaNa ko bhojana karAkara evaM kucha Ane dakSiNA ke rUpa meM dekara saMpanna kara liyA jAtA hai| zrAddhatattva ( bhAga 1, pR0 254 ) ne matsya0 evaM bhaviSya 0 kA uddharaNa dete hue kahA hai ki yadi vyakti prati mAsa pArvaNazrAddha karane meM asamartha ho to use, jaba sUrya kanyA, kumbha evaM vRSabha rAziyoM meM ho, to varSa meM kama-se-kama tIna bAra karanA cAhie, kintu yadi vaha aisA bhI nahIM kara sakatA to use, jaba sUrya kanyA rAzi meM ho, kama-se-kama eka bAra avazya karanA cAhie / mitAkSarA evaM dAyabhAga dvArA diye gaye sapiNDa ke do arthoM ke viSaya meM isa grantha ke khaNDa 2, adhyAya 9 meM likhA jA cukA hai / dAyabhAga ne ghoSita kiyA hai ki jo vyakti jitanI hI adhika mAtrA meM mRta ko pAralaukika yA AdhyAtmika kalyANa detA hai (zrAddhoM ke sampAdana dvArA) aura piNDadAna karatA hai, vaha mRta kI sampatti ke uttarAdhikAra kI prApti meM utanI hI varIyatA pAtA hai| mitAkSarA kA kahanA hai ki uttarAdhikAra rakta sambandha para nirbhara hai aura mRta 'ke sabase adhika samIpa ke vyakti ko varIyatA milatI hai| kintu mitAkSarA ke antargata sampatti pAne vAle ko mRta ke RNa (yAjJa0 2 / 51) cukAne par3ate haiM aura usake lie piNDa denA hotA hai| dekhie isa grantha kA * khaNDa 3, adhyAya 29 / adhikAra kI varIyatA sthApita karane meM eka bAta para dhyAna denA Avazyaka hai aura vaha hai vyakti kI yogyatA evaM usake dvArA diye jAnevAle piNDa kA prabhAva yA sAmarthya / sampatti prApta kara lene ke uparAnta piNDakRtya karane ke lie vyakti para koI nyAyapUrNa dabAva DAlane kI vidhi nahIM hai (dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 29) / yadi tIna pUrva-puruSoM meM eka yA adhika jIvita hoM to zrAddha kisa prakAra kiyA jAnA cAhie? isa prazna para bahuta kAla se vicAra hotA AyA hai / Azva0 zrI0 (2 / 6 / 16-23) ne sarvaprathama gANagAri, taulvali evaM gautama ke mata diye haiM aura punaH unakA khaNDana kiyA hai| gANagAri kA kathana hai ki tIna pUrvajoM meM jo mRta ho gaye haiM unheM piNDa denA cAhie, kintu jo jIvita hoM unheM vyaktigata rUpa meM sammAnita karanA cAhie, kyoMki zrAddha-kRtya pUrva puruSoM ko santuSTa karane ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| tautvali kA kathana hai ki piNDa sabhI pUrva puruSoM ko diye jAne cAhie, cAhe ve jIvita hoM yA mRta, kyoMki zrAddha kRtya meM ve kevala gauNa haiN| gautama ne kahA hai ki yadi pitA jIvita ho to isase Age ke tIna mRta pitaroM ko zrAddha-piNDa dene caahie| isI prakAra pitAmaha ke Age (yadi vaha jIvita ho) aura prapitAmaha ke Age yadi tInoM jIvita hoN| Azva0 ne uttara diyA hai--pitA, pitAmaha yA prapitAmaha ke Age tIna pitaroM ko piNDa nahIM diye jA sakate, kyoMki aisA karane kA adhikAra nahIM hai; jinake pazcAt (tIna pIr3hiyoM ke bhItara) koI puruSa jIvita ho una pUrva puruSoM ke lie piNDadAna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / 199 jIvitoM ke lie agni meM homa kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadi sabhI tInoM pUrvaja jIvita hoM to sabhI piNDoM ko agni meM DAla denA cAhie, yA kRtya hI nahIM kiyA jAnA caahie| kAtyAyana zrI0sU0 (4 / 1 / 23-27) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki piNDa kevala mRta pUrvajoM ko diye jAne cAhie; ataH yadi kisI kA pitA jIvita ho yA koI aisA mRta 111. vaidika uktiyoM ke anusAra pitA se Arambha kara tIna pUrvapuruSoM ko piNDa diye jAte haiN| manu (9 / 186) meM bhI aisA hI hai / ataH spaSTa hai ki cauthI yA pA~cavIM yA chaThI pIr3hI ke pUrvapuruSoM ko piNDa dene ke lie koI prAcIna pramANa nahIM hai|

Page #282
fe-giroN meM kisI ke jIvita rahane para pArvaNa zrAddha karane na karane kA vicAra 1275 pUrvaja ho jisake evaM kartA ke bIca koI pUrvaja jIvita ho, to vaha kevala agni meM homa mAtra kara sakatA (piNDadAna nahIM), yA vaha kRtya hI na kare / jAtUkaryaM ne kahA hai ki yadi kartA evaM kisI mRta pUrvaja ke bIca koI pUrvaja jIvita ho ( arthAt pitA jIvita ho ) to piNDadAna sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki zruti vacana hai- 'jIvita pUrvaja se Age ke pUrvajoM ko piNDa nahIM denA caahie|' manu ( 3 / 220 - 222 ) ne isa prazna para yoM vicAra kiyA hai--' yadi kartA kA pitA jIvita ho to use pitAmaha se Arambha karake Age ke tIna pUrvajoM ko piNDa denA cAhie, yA vaha apane pitA se bhojana ke lie usI prakAra prArthanA kara sakatA hai jaisA ki kisI aparicita atithi sAtha kiyA jAtA hai aura pitAmaha evaM prapitAmaha ko piNDa de sakatA hai| yadi pitA mara gayA ho aura pitAmaha jIvita ho to vaha kevala pitA eMva prapitAmaha ko piNDa de sakatA hai (arthAt kevala do piNDa diye jAyeMge) yA jIvita pitAmaha aparicita atithi ke samAna, mAno ve kisI mRta pUrvapuruSa ke pratinidhi hoM, bhojana ke lie Amantrita karanA cAhie yA jIvita pitAmaha kI anumati se vaha pitA prapitAmaha evaM vRddha prapitAmaha ko piNDa de sakatA hai / ' viSNudharmasUtra (adhyAya 75 ) meM bhI isI prakAra ke niyama haiN| skanda0 ( 6 / 225 / 24-25), agni0 ( 117/58-59) Adi purANoM ne bhI isa prazna para vicAra kiyA hai| gobhilasmRti (2 / 93) ne bhI isa prazna para eka lambI ukti dvArA vicAra kiyA hai, isakA yaha zloka nIce TippaNI meM diyA jA rahA hai| bahuta sI TIkAoM evaM nibandhoM meM mata-matAntara diye hue haiM, yathA mitA0 ( yAjJa0 1 / 254), kalpasUtra ( zrA0, pR0 240), zrAddhakriyAkaumudI ( pR0 552-556) evaM nirNayasindhu ( 3, pR0 499-503 ) / ina vibhinna matoM meM samajhautA karAnA asambhava hai / kalpataru ( zrA0, pR0 240 ) kA kathana hai ki usake lie, jisakA pitA abhI jIvita hai, tIna vikalpa haiM -- ( 1 ) use apane jIvita pitA ke tIna pUrvapuruSoM ko, jinheM usakA pitA piNDa detA hai, piNDa denA cAhie (manu 3 / 220, viSNu 075 / 1); (2) vaha kevala agni meM saMkalpita vastu chor3a sakatA hai. ( Azva0 zrI0 2 / 6 / 16-23); (3) use piNDapitRyajJa yA pArvaNa zrAddha nahIM karanA cAhie ( gobhila0 2 / 93 ) / nirNayasindhu kA kathana hai ki vibhinna lekhakoM ne agaNita vikalpa diye haiM, kintu ve kaliyuga meM varjya haiN| eka mata yaha hai ki jIvita pitA vAle ko pArvaNa zrAddha nahIM karanA caahie| vAstavika niSkarSa yaha hai ki unhIM ko piNDa denA cAhie jinheM kartA ke pitA piNDa dete haiN| manu (3 / 220) ne eka vikalpa diyA hai-- pitA ko bhojana ke lie Amantrita karanA cAhie aura gandha, dhUpa, dIpa Adi se sammAnita karanA cAhie tathA mRta pitAmaha evaM prapitAmaha ko piNDa denA caahie| yadi eka yA do pUrvaja (tIna meM) jIvita hoM aura unake vaMzaja ko zrAddha karane kI anumati ho to vikalpoM kI kaI koTiyA~ upasthita hotI haiM, jinheM hama sthAnAbhAva evaM anupayogitA kI dRSTi se yahA~ nahIM de rahe haiM / yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki logoM ke mana meM, yahA~ taka ki vidvAnoM ke mana meM bhI aisI dhAraNA ba~dha gayI thI ki zrAddhoM se mahAt kalyANa hotA hai, isa dazA meM pitA ke jIvita rahate tathA jaba vaha svayaM pitaroM kA zrAddha kara sakatA aura piNDa de sakatA hai, taba usakI AjJA se putra bhI unhIM tIna pitaroM ko piNDa de sakatA hai| viSNudharmasUtra ( 75-8) ne mAtA ke pUrvapuruSoM ke lie 'jIvat pitRka' vidhi hI dI hai (kahIM-kahIM AvazyakatAnusAra mantroM meM parivartana kara diyA gayA hai) / aise hI niyama 112. sapituH pitRkRtyeSu adhikAro na vidyate / na jIvantamatikramya kiMcid dadyAditi zrutiH // gobhila0 (2 1 (93); zrAddha kriyAkaumudI ( pR0 552 ) / milAie kAtyA0 zra0 sU0 (4 / 1 / 22-27) / 113. mAtAmahAnAmapyevaM zrAddhaM kuryAdvicakSaNaH / mantroheNa yathAnyAyaM zeSANAM mantravajitam // viSNudharma 0 (7518 ) / 88

Page #283
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa 1276 mAtA ke jIvita rahate zrAddha karane ke viSaya meM bhI diye gaye haiM (agni0 117 / 60 evaM mAtrAdikasyApi tathA mAtAmahAdike ) / gobhilasmRti (3 / 157) kA kathana hai ki yadi maulika paddhati kA anusaraNa na kiyA jA sake to usa zrutiniyama ko anukalpa ( kisI anya pratinidhisvarUpa vyavasthita paddhati) ke dvArA prabhAvazIla arthAt caritArthaM karanA caahie| yadi koI bahuta-se brAhmaNoM ko na pA sake, kevala eka hI brAhmaNa ko Amantrita kara sake to use usa pArvaNa zrAddha kA sampAdana karanA cAhie, jisameM kevala eka hI brAhmaNa ke sAtha chaH piNDoM kA arpaNa hotA hai, kintu usa brAhmaNa ko paMktipAvana avazya honA cAhie aura vaisI dazA meM deva brAhmaNoM ke lie bhojana ke sthAna para naivedya denA cAhie, aura phira usako agni meM DAla denA cAhie (zaMkha 14 / 10 ) / 115 yadi pArvaNa zrAddha ke lie eka bhI brAhmaNa na mila sake to brAhmaNa baTuoM kI kuzAkRtiyA~ banA lenI cAhie aura kartA ko svayaM prazna karanA cAhie aura pArvaNa zrAddha meM prayukta honevAle uttara dene cAhie (devala, hemAdri, zrA0 pR0 1526 zrAddhakriyAkaumudI, pR0 89 ) / jaba koI brAhmaNa na mile, zrAddha sAmagrI na ho, vyakti yAtrA meM ho, yA putra utpanna huA ho, yA patnI rajasvalA ho gayI ho to AmazrAddha (jisameM binA pakA huA anna diyA jAtA hai) karanA caahie|" yaha skanda0 (7/1/206 / 52 ) kI ukti hai / kAtyAyana evaM saurapurANa (1932) meM bhI aisI ukti hai ki 'pravAsa yA yAtrA meM yA ApattikAla meM yA yadi bhojana banAne ke lie agni na ho yA yadi kartA bahuta durbala ho to dvija ko AmazrAddha karanA caahie|' madanapArijAta ( pR0 483 ) kA kathana hai ki vaha AmazrAddha kara sakatA hai jise pArvaNa zrAddha karane kA adhikAra hai| hArIta kA kathana hai ki yadi zrAddha sampAdana meM koI bAdhA ho to AmazrAddha karanA caahie| kintu mAsika evaM sAMvatsarika zrAddhoM meM aisA nahIM karanA caahie| AmazrAddha zUdroM ke lie sadA vyavasthita hai / aisI vyavasthA hai ki binA pakA huA anna, jo zrAddha meM arpita hotA hai, brAhmaNoM ko pakAkara svayaM khAnA cAhie, use kisI anya upayoga meM nahIM lAnA cAhie ( hemAdri, zrA0, pR0 1527 ) / vyAsa kA kathana hai ki anna kI mAtrA itanI honI cAhie ki khilAne meM vaha dUnI, tigunI yA caugunI mAtrA kA ho jaay| 'AvAhana', 'svadhAkAra', 'visarjana' jaise zabdoM meM parivartana ho jAtA hai, yathA-- AvAhana meM prayukta maMtra hai--'utastvA' ( vAja0 saM0 19/70 ) jisakA anta 'haviSe attave' (haviSa khAne ke lie) meM hotA hai, vahA~ 'haviSe svIkartave' kA prayoga karanA par3atA hai| 114. caritArthA zrutiH kAryA yasmAdapyanukalpataH / ato deyaM yathAzakti zrAddhakAle samAgate / kAtyAyana ( hemAdri, ba0, pR0 1522 ) / 115. bhojayedathavApyekaM brAhmaNaM paMktipAvanam / deve kRtvA tu naivedyaM pazcAdvahnau tu tatkSipeta // zaMkha ( 14 / 10 ), hemAdri ( zra0, pR0 1524) ne ise yoM par3hA hai-- pazcAttasya tu nirvapet / 116. dravyAbhAve dvijAbhAve pravAse putrajanmani / AmazrAddhaM prakurvIta yasya bhAryA rajasvalA / / skanda 0 ( 7 / 1 / 206 | 52) / ise smRtica 0 ( zra0, pR0 492) ne vyAsa kI ukti kahA hai| Apadyanagnau tIrthe ca pravAse putra janmani / AmazrAddhaM prakurvIta bhAryArajasi saMkrame // kAtyA0 ( nirNayasindhu 3, pR0 462; madana pA0, pR0 480 / kalpataru ( pR0 234) ne vyAkhyA kI hai-- 'anagnizcAtra pAkasamarthAgnirahitaH, na punaranagniranAhitAgniH / '

Page #284
Ama-zrAva evaM hema-bAra 1277 AmadhAra kA sampAdana dina ke prathama bhAga meM hotA hai, ekoddiSTa kA madhyAhna meM, pArvaNa zrAddha kA aparAha meM aura vRddhizrAddha kA dina ke prathama bhAga meM (jaba ki dina pA~ca bhAgoM meM bA~TA jAtA hai)|10| yadi binA pakA anna bhI na diyA jA sake to hemazrAva (dhana ke sAtha zrAddha) karanA caahie| hemabATa bhojanAbhAva meM, pravAsa meM, putrajanma meM yA grahaNa meM kiyA jAtA hai, yA strI yA zUdroM ke lie isake sampAdana kI anumati milI hai, yA yaha taba kiyA jAtA hai jaba ki patnI rajasvalA ho| bhojana meM jitanA anna lagatA hai usakA dUnA AmazrAddha meM diyA jAnA cAhie aura hemazrAddha meM caugunA (bhojana dene meM jitanA anna lagatA hai usakI lAgata kA mUlya diyA jAtA hai)| nibandhoM meM aise niyama bhI Aye haiM jinakA pAlana dhana na rahane para kiyA jAtA hai| dekhie varAha0 (13|57-58=vissnnupuraann 3 / 14 / 29-30); madanapArijAta (pR0 515-516); nirNayasindhu (3, pR0467)| bRhatparAzara (adhyAya 5, pR0 152) meM bhI aisI hI vyavasthA hai| 117. AmazrA tu pUrvAhne ekoddiSTaM tu mdhytH| pArvaNaM cAparAhe tu prAtaddhinimittakam // hArIta evaM zAtAtapa (aparArka, pR0 468) /

Page #285
adhyAya 10 ekoddiSTa evaM anya zrAddha sabhI zrAddhoM ke Adarza svarUpa pArvaNa zrAddha ke lambe vivecana ke uparAnta hama aba ekoddiSTa zrAddha para vicAra kareMge, jo pArvaNa zrAddha kA eka saMzodhana yA parimArjana mAtra hai| 'ekoddiSTa' zabda kA artha hai 'vaha jisameM eka hI mRta vyakti uddiSTa rahatA hai' arthAt jisameM eka hI vyakti kA AvAhana hotA hai yA jisameM eka hI vyakti kA kalyANa nihita hai / ' pArvaNa zrAddha meM tIna pitara uddiSTa rahate haiM ataH vaha ekoddiSTa se bhinna hai / zAkhA0 gR0 (412 ), baudhA0 gR0 (3|12|6), kAtyAyana kRta zrAddhasUtra ( kaNDikA 4 ) evaM yAjJa0 ( 1 / 251-252 ) meM donoM ke antarbheda spaSTa rUpa se vyakta kiye gaye haiN| isa zrAddha meM eka ayaM diyA jAtA hai, eka hI pavitra hotA hai aura eka hI piNDa diyA jAtA hai, AvAhana nahIM hotA, agnaukaraNa nahIM kiyA jAtA, vizve devoM ke pratinidhitva ke lie brAhmaNoM ko AmantraNa nahIM diyA jAtA; brAhmaNa bhojana kI santuSTi ke viSaya meM prazna 'svaditam ' ( kyA isakA svAda acchA thA ? ) ke rUpa meM hotA hai aura brAhmaNa 'susvaditam' (isakA svAda sarvottama thA) ke rUpa meM pratyuttara dete haiM; 'yaha akSaya ho' ke sthAna para 'upatiSThatAm' arthAt 'yaha pahu~ce' ( mRta vyakti ke pAsa pahu~ce ) kahA jAtA hai; jaba brAhmaNa visarjita kiye jAte haiM (jaba bhojana ke anta meM brAhmaNoM ko vidA dI jAtI hai) to 'abhiramyatAm' ( prasanna hoM) kA uccAraNa hotA hai aura ve 'abhiratAH sma' (hama prasanna haiM) kahate haiM / viSNupurANa (3 / 13 / 23-26) evaM mArkaNDeya purANa ( 28/8-11 ) ne zrAddhasUtra evaM yAjJa0 kA anusaraNa kiyA hai|' zAMkhA0 gR0 (4/2/7 ), manu ( 3 / 257), mArkaNDeya ( 28/11), (1 / 256 ) Adi ke mata se dvija vyakti kI mRtyu ke pazcAt eka varSa taka, jaba taka ki sapiNDIkaraNa zrAddha na ho jAya, pratyeka mAsa meM pretAtmA ke lie isI prakAra kA zrAddha kiyA jAtA hai| viSNudharmasUtra ( 21 2 ) ne kahA hai ki prayukta mantroM meM upayukta parivartana ( Uha ) karanA cAhie ('atra pitaro mAdayadhvam' ke sthAna para 'atra pitar mAdayasva' arthAt 'he pitA, yahA~ Ananda karo' kahanA cAhie ) / ekoddiSTa meM 'ye ca tvAmanu' (ve jo tumhAre bAda yAjJa0 1. eka uddiSTo yasmin zrAddhe tadekoddiSTamiti karmanAmadheyam / mitA0 ( yAjJa0 1 / 251 ) / eka sthAna para aura AyA hai - 'tatra tripuruSoddezena yat kriyate tatpArvaNam, ekapuruSoddezena kriyamANamekoddiSTam' (mitA0, yAjJa0 1 / 217 ) / halAyudha ne zrAddhasUtra meM kahA hai--'ekotra sampradAnatvenoddiSTa iti / ' 2. akoddiSTeSu nAgnIkaraNaM nAbhizrAvaNaM na pUrva nimantraNaM na daivaM na dhUpaM na dIpaM na svadhA na namaskAro nAtrApUpam / bau0 dha0 sU0 ( 3|12|6 ) / 3. akoddiSTam ekorghya ekaM pavitramekaH piNDo nAvAhanaM nAgnIkaraNaM nAtra vizve devA: svaditamiti tRptipraznaH susvaditamitItare brUyurupatiSThatAmityakSayyasthAne'bhirabhyatAmiti visargo'bhiratAH sma itItare / zrAddhasUtra 4 ( kAtyAyanIya) / ye hI zabda kauSItaki gR0 (412 ) meM bhI pAye jAte haiM / yajurvedizrAtattva ( pR0 495 ) meM vyAkhyA hai -- 'ekaM ekadalarUpaM pavitram / '

Page #286
ekoddiSTa dhAna ke tIna prakAra; SoDaza zrAddha 1279 Ate haiM) nAmaka mantra nahIM kahanA cAhie aura 'pitR' kA uccAraNa (jaba taka sapiNDIkaraNa na sampAdita ho jAya nahIM honA cAhie, usake sthAna para 'preta' zabda kahanA cAhie (aparArka, pR0 525 meM zaunaka-gRhyapariziSTa kA uddharaNa diyA gayA hai)| jaisA ki hamane isa khaNDa ke sAtaveM adhyAya meM dekha liyA hai (aparArka, pR0 525; nirNayasindhu 3, pR. 295 Adi) ekoddiSTa ke tIna prakAra haiM-nava, navamizra evaM puraann| nava zrAddha ve haiM jinameM mRtyu ke 10veM yA 11veM dina taka zrAddha kiyA jAtA hai, navamizra (yA mizra) ve zrAddha haiM jo matya ke uparAnta 11veM dina se lekara eka varSa (kucha logoM ke mata se cha: mAsoM) taka kiye jAte haiN| aparArka ne vyAghra kA eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai ki ekoddiSTa zrAddha kA sampAdana matya ke pazcAt 11veM yA cauthe dina yA varSa bhara pratyeka mAsa ke anta meM aura pratyeka varSa mRtyu ke dina kiyA jAtA hai| kAtyAyana ke eka zloka meM AyA hai ki AhitAgni ke lie ekoddiSTa zrAddha dAha ke 11veM dina karanA cAhie aura dhruva zrAdoM kA sampAdana mRtyu-dina para kiyA jAnA caahie| aparArka ne vyAkhyA kI hai ki 'dhruvANi' kA artha hai ve zrAddha jo mRtyu ke tIna pakSoM ke pazcAt kiye jAte haiN| nava zrAddhoM ke viSaya meM bhI kaI mata haiN| skanda0 (6, nAgarakhaNDa, 205 / 1-4) evaM garuDapurANa (pretakhaNDa, 5 / 67-69) kA kathana hai ki nava zrAkha nau haiM, jinameM tIna kA sampAdana mRtyu-sthala, zavayAtrA-vizrAmasthala, asthisaMcayana-sthala para hotA hai aura cha: kA sampAdana mRtya ke uparAnta 5veM, 7, 8, 9, 10veM evaM 11veM dina hotA hai| bahuta-se granthoM meM aisA AyA hai ki SoDaza zrAva hote haiM jinakA sampAdana mRta vyakti ke lie avazya honA cAhie, nahIM to jIvAtmA preta eva pizAca kI dazA se chuTakArA nahIM paataa| ina SoDaza zrAddhoM ke viSaya meM kaI mata haiN| kucha granthoM meM sapiNDIkaraNa ko solahoM meM ginA jAtA hai aura kucha granthoM ne ise unameM nahIM rakhA hai| gobhilasmRti (3 / 67) ne SoDaza zrAddhoM ko isa prakAra ginA hai-12 mAsika zrAkha (jo mRtyu-tithi para pratyeka mAsa meM kiye jAte haiM), prathama zrAva (arthAt 11veM dita vAlA zrAddha), mRtyu tithi ke uparAnta pratyeka cha:mAsI para (samApta hone ke eka dina pUrva) do zrAda evaM spinnddiikrnn| garuDa0 (pretakhaNDa, 5 / 49-50 evaM adhyAya 35 / 33-36 tathA 37) ne 16 zrAddhoM ke tIna pakSa diye haiM, jinameM eka kI parigaNanA meM ve haiM jo mRtyu ke 12veM dina, tIna pakSoM ke pazcAt, cha: mAsoM ke pazcAt, pratyeka mAsa ke pazcAt evaM varSa ke anta meM kiye jAte haiN| padmapurANa (sRSTi khaNDa, 5 / 271) meM gaNanA isa prakAra hai-SoDaza zrAddha ve haiM jo mRtyu ke cauthe dina, tIna pakSoM ke anta meM, cha:mAsoM ke uparAnta, varSa ke anta meM evaM pratyeka mAsa meM 12 zrAddha (mRtyu tithi para) kiye jAte haiN| kalpataru (pR0 25) evaM brahmapurANa (aparArka, pR0 523) kA kathana hai ki SoDaza zrAddha ve haiM jo mRtyu ke pazcAt cauthe, 53, 9veM evaM 12veM dina tathA mRtyu-tithi para 4. tatra vyaaghrH| ekAvaze caturthe ca mAsi mAsi ca vatsaram / pratisaMvatsaraM caivamekoddiSTaM mRtAhani // kAtyA. ynH| zrAvamagnimataH kArya dAhAdekAdaze'hani / dhruvANi tu prakurvIta pramItAhani sarvadA // aparArka, pR0521 / yaha antima gobhilasmRti (3 // 66) meM bhI hai jisameM pratyAndikaM prakurvIta' pATha AyA hai| 5. yasya'tAni na dIyante pretazrAddhAni SoDaza / pizAcatvaM dhruvaM tasya dattaH zrAddhazatairapi // yama (zrAtakriyAkaumudI, pR0 362) / yahI zloka gara0 (pretakhaNDa, 5 / 50-51), likhitasmRti (16, yasyaitAni na kurvIta ekoddiSTAni), laghuzaMkha (13), padma0 (sRSTikhaNDa, 47 / 272, na santIha yathAzaktyA ca zraddhayA) meM bhI AyA hai| aura dekhie mitA0 (yAjJa. 12254, pAThAntara-'na dattAni' evaM 'pretatvaM susthiraM tasya') evaM punaH mitA0 (yAjJa012253) 'pretaloke tu vasatirnRNAM varSa prkiirtitaa| kSutRSNe pratyahaM tatra bhavetAM bhRgunandana // jo mArkaNDeyapurANa se uddhRta hai|

Page #287
1280 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa 12 mAsoM (varSa bhara) meM kiye jAte haiN| logAkSi (mitA0, yAjJa0 1 / 255; nirNayasindhu, pR0 599; bhaTToji, catuviMzatimatasaMgraha, pR0 168) Adi kA kathana hai ki ekoddiSTa zrAddhoM kI paddhati ke anusAra 16 zrAddhoM ke sampAdana ke uparAnta sapiNDana karanA caahie| madanapArijAta (pR0 615), nirNayasindhu (3, pR0 599) Adi kA kahanA hai ki mata-matAntaroM meM dezAcAra, apanI vaidika zAkhA evaM kula kI paramparA kA pAlana karanA caahie| mRtyu ke gyArahaveM dina ke zrAddha ke viSaya meM do mata haiM--yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki yAjJa0 (3 / 22) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki cAroM vargoM ke lie mRtyu kA Azauca krama se 10, 12, 15 evaM 30 dinoM kA hotA hai| zaMkha evaM paiThInasi dvArA eka mata prakAzita hai ki maraNAzauca ke rahate hae bhI 11veM dina zrAddha avazya karanA cAhie (usa samaya usa kRtya ke lie kartA pavitra ho jAtA hai)| dUsarA mata matsya evaM viSNudharmasUtra (2111) kA hai ki prathama zrAddha (ekoddiSTa) Azauca kI parisamApti para karanA caahie| mRta saMnyAsiyoM ke viSaya meM uzanA (mitA0, yAjJa0 11255; parA0 mA0 112, pR0 458 evaM zrA0 kri0 kau0, pR0 445) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki saMnyAsa (kaliyuga meM kevala ekadaNDI prakAra) ke Azrama meM praviSTa ho jAne se ve preta-dazA meM nahIM Ate, unake lie putra yA kisI sambandhI dvArA ekoddiSTa evaM sapiNDIkaraNa nahIM kiyA jAnA caahie| kevala 11veM dina pArvaNa zrAddha karanA cAhie, jo isake pazcAt bhI prati varSa kiyA jAtA hai| zAtAtapa (madana pA0, pR0 627; zrA0 ki0 ko0, pR0 445 evaM aparArka, pR0 538) ne bhI kahA hai ki saMnyAsI ke lie ekoddiSTa, jala-tarpaNa, piNDadAna, zavadAha, Azauca nahIM kiyA jAnA cAhie, kevala pArvaNa zrAddha kara denA caahie| pracetA (mitA0, yAjJa0 11256) kA kathana hai ki saMnyAsI ke lie ekoddiSTa evaM sapiNDIkaraNa nahIM honA cAhie, kevala bhAdrapada (Azvina) ke kRSNa pakSa meM prati varSa mRtyu-divasa para pArvaNa kara denA caahie| zivapurANa (kailAsasaMhitA) ne saMnyAsI kI mRtyu para 11veM evaM 12veM dina ke kRtyoM kA varNana kiyA hai (adhyAya 22 evaM 23) / . nava zrAddhoM meM dhUpa evaM dIpoM kA prayoga nahIM hotaa| ve mantra jinameM 'pitR' evaM 'svadhA namaH' jaise zabda prayukta hae haiM. choDa diye jAte haiM aura 'ana' zabda kA bhI prayoga nahIM hotA, brAhmaNoM ko sunAne ke lie japa evaM mantroccAraNa bhI nahIM hote / jaisA ki brahmapurANa meM AyA hai, ve zrAddha jo Azauca kI parisamApti ke uparAnta 12veM dina tathA mAsa ke anta meM yA Age bhI ghara meM hI kiye jAte haiM, ekoddiSTa kahe jAte haiN| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki nava zrAddhoM kA sampAdana (jo Azauca ke dinoM meM hotA hai) mRtyu ke sthala, dAha ke sthala para yA vahA~ jahA~ jala-tarpaNa evaM piNDadAna hotA hai, kayA jAtA hai, ghara meM nahIM (dekhie smRtica0, Azauca, pR0 176) / kucha logoM ke mata se navamizra zrAddha meM mantroM kA prayoga nahIM hotaa| prAcIna kAla meM aura Ajakala bhI SoDaza zrAddha gyArahaveM dina kiye jAte haiN| kadAcita hI koI sapiNDIkaraNa ke lie aba varSa bhara rukatA ho, prAcIna kAla meM aisI vyavasthA thI ki Apat-kAla meM sapiNDIkaraNa kA sampAdana eka varSa ke bhItara bhI SoDaza zrAddha karane ke bAda kiyA jA sakatA hai| kintu Ajakala yaha apavAda niyama bana gayA hai| sapiNDIkaraNa yA sapiNDana se piNDa prApta karane vAle pitaroM ke samAja meM mRta vyakti ko milAyA jAtA hai| prAcIna granthoM meM isake lie kaI kAla vyavasthita kiye gaye haiN| kauSItaki-gRhya0 (4 / 2) ke mata se mRtyu ke pazcAt eka varSa ke anta meM yA tIna pakSoM ke anta meM yA kisI zubha ghaTanA ke hone para (putrajanma yA vivAha ke avasara para) yaha zrAddha karanA cAhie / bhAradvAja-gRhya (3 / 17) ne isake sampAdana kI anumati mRtyu ke pazcAt eka varSa ke anta meM yA 11veM yA cha yA cauthe mAsa meM yA 12veM dina meM dI hai| bau0 pitRmedhasUtra (2 / 12 / 1) ne sapiNDIkaraNa ke lie pA~ca kAla diye haiM; eka varSa, 11vAM yA chaThA yA cauthA mahInA yA 12vA~ din| garuDa0 (pretakhaNDa, 6153-54) ke mata se sapiNDIkaraNa ke kAla haiM varSa ke anta meM, cha:mAsoM ke anta meM, tIna pakSoM ke anta meM, 12vA dina yA koI zubha

Page #288
sapiNDana yA sapiNDIkaraNa zrAddha 1281 avasara / viSNupurANa (3 / 13 / 26) ne bhI aise hI niyama batalAye haiM aura sapiNDIkaraNa ko ekoddiSTa zrAddha kahA hai / aparArka (10 540 ) ne lambe vivecana ke uparAnta AhitAgni ke lie tIna kAla diye haiM; 12vA~ dina, AzaucAvadhi ke evaM mRtyu ke uparAnta prathama amAvasyA ke bIca meM koI dina yA Azauca ke uparAnta prathama amAvasyA / isane unake lie jinhoMne pavitra agniyA~ nahIM jalAyI haiM (arthAt jo AhitAgni nahIM haiM ) cAra kAla diye haiM, yathA- eka varSa, chaH mAsoM, tIna pakSoM yA kisI zubha avasara meM / madanapArijAta ( pR0 631 ) ne vyAsa kA eka zloka uddhRta kara kahA hai ki sapiNDana zrAddha ke lie 12vA~ dina upayukta hai, kyoMki kulAcAra bahuta haiM, manuSya kI Ayu choTI hai aura zarIra asthira hai|' viSNudharmasUtra (21 / 20 ) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki zUdroM ke lie mRtyu ke pazcAt kevala 12vA~ dina ( binA mantroM ke) sapiNDIkaraNa ke lie nizcita hai / gobhila ne kahA hai ki sapiNDIkaraNa ke uparAnta prati mAsa zrAddha nahIM karane cAhie, kintu gautama ( yA zaunaka, jaisA ki aparArka, pR0 543 ne kahA hai) kA mata hai ki unakA sampAdana ekoddiSTa rai kI paddhati ke anusAra ho sakatA hai| bhaTToji" kA kathana hai ki jaba eka varSa ke pUrva sapiNDIkaraNa ho jAtA hai to usake (sapiNDIkaraNa ke) pUrva hI SoDaza zrAddhoM kA sampAdana ho jAnA cAhie, kintu isake uparAnta bhI varSa yA ucita kAloM meM mAsika zrAddha kiye jAne caahie| yAjJa0 ( 1 / 255 ) evaM viSNudha 0 (21 / 23) meM AyA hai ki yadi eka varSa ke bhItara hI sapiNDIkaraNa ho jAya, taba bhI eka varSa taka mRta brAhmaNa ke lie eka ghar3A jala evaM bhojana dete rahanA caahie| uzanA kA kathana hai ki usa sthiti meM jaba ki sabhI uttarAdhikArI alaga-alaga ho jAte haiM, eka hI vyakti ( jyeSTha putra) dvArA nava zrAddhoM, SoDaza zrAddhoM evaM sapiNDIkaraNa kA sampAdana kiyA jAnA cAhie, kintu pracetA ne vyavasthA dI hai ki eka varSa ke pazcAt pratyeka putra alaga-alaga zrAddha kara sakatA hai / " zAMkhAyanagRhya0 (59), kauSItakigRhya 0 (4/2), bau0 pitRmedhasUtra ( 3 / 12 / 12), kAtyAyanazrAddhasUtra ( kaNDikA 5 ), yAjJa0 ( 1 / 253 - 254), viSNu purANa (3 / 13 / 27), viSNudha0 (21 / 12-23), padma0 ( sRSTi0 10 / 22-23), mArkaNDeya 0 ( 28 / 12-18), garuDa 0 ( 1 / 220 ), viSNudharmottara 0 (2 / 77), smRtyarthasAra ( pR0 57-58), nirNayasindhu (3, pR0 614) Adi granthoM meM sapiNDana yA sapiNDIkaraNa kI paddhati dI huI hai / yaha saMkSepa meM nimna hai - brAhmaNoM ko eka dina pUrva Amantrita kiyA jAtA hai, agnaukaraNa hotA hai aura jaba brAhmaNa loga bhojana karate rahate haiM usa samaya vaidika mantroM kA pATha hotA hai (bau0 pitRmedhasUtra, 3 / 12 / 12 ) / vaizvadeva brAhmaNoM kA sammAna kiyA jAtA hai, isameM kAma evaM kAla vizvedeva hote haiM (bRhaspati, aparArka, pR0 478; kalpataru, zrA0, pR0 142 evaM smRtica0, zrA0, pR0 442-443), dhUpa evaM dIpa diye jAte haiM aura 'svadhA' evaM 'namaskAra' hote haiM / candanalepa, jala evaM tila se yukta cAra pAtra arghya ke lie taiyAra kiye jAte haiM, jinameM eka preta ke lie aura tIna usake pitaroM ke 6. AnantyAtkuladharmANAM pusAM caivAyuSaH kSayAt / asthiratvAccharIrasya dvAdazAho prazasyate // vyAsa ( madanapA0, pR0 631) / zrA0 kri0 kau0 (10 350) ne ise vyAghra kI ukti mAnA hai / aura dekhie bhaTToji (catuviMzatimata0, 50 176) evaM zrAddhatastra ( pR0 301 ) / 7. yadA saMvatsarapUrteH prAgeva sapiNDIkaraNaM kriyate tadA yadyapi SoDaza zrAddhAni tataH prAgeva kRtAni, zrAddhAni SoDazAvasvA na kuryAttu sapiNDanam -- iti vRddhavasiSThokteH, tathApi svasvakAle punarapi mAsikAdInyAvartanIyAni / bhaTToji (catuviMzatimatasaMgraha, pR0 171) / 8. navazrAddhaM sapiNDatvaM zraddhAnyapi ca SoDaza / ekenaiva hi kAryANi saMvibhaktadhaneSvapi // uzanA (aparArka, 50524; mitA0, yAjJa0 1 / 255 ) yaha zloka garur3a0 ( pretakhaNDa, 34 / 128-129) meM bhI AyA hai /

Page #289
1282 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa lie hote haiN| do daiva brAhmaNa tathA eka preta ke lie aura tIna usake tIna pitaroM kA pratinidhitva karane ke lie nimatrita hote haiM. yadi vyakti adhika brAhmaNoM ko balAne meM asamartha ho to use tIna brAhmaNoM ko balAnA cAhie, jinameM eka vizvedevoM, eka preta evaM eka tIna pitaroM ke lie hotA hai| use prArthanA karanI cAhie---'maiM tIna pitaroM ke pAtroM ke sAtha preta (mata vyakti) kA pAtra milaauuNgaa|''avshy milAo' kI anamati pAkara vaha preta evaM pitaroM ke pAtroM meM kaza choDatA hai aura preta ke pAtra meM thor3A jala chor3akara zeSa pitaroM ke pAtroM meM do mantroM ke sAtha DAla detA hai ('ye samAnAH', vAja0saM0 19 / 45-46) / preta-pAtra ke jala se preta ko aura pitRpAtroM se tIna pitaroM ko arghya diyA jAtA hai| cAra piNDa banAye jAte haiM, eka preta ke lie aura tIna pitaroM ke lie, aura taba kartA prArthanA karatA hai-'maiM preta-piNDa ko * usake tIna pitaroM ke piNDoM se milAU~gA',jaba 'avazya milAo' kI anumati mila jAtI hai to vaha preta-piNDa ke tIna bhAga karake eka-eka bhAga ko pitR-piNDoM meM alaga-alaga milA detA hai aura uparyukta (vAja0 saM0 19 / 45-46) mantroM kA pATha karatA hai| yahA~ para garuDapurANa (1 / 22016) ne eka matabheda upasthita kara kahA hai ki preta-piNDa ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara kevala pitAmaha evaM prapitAmaha ke piNDoM ke bhItara eka-eka karake DAla denA caahie| sapiNDIkaraNa meM ekoddiSTa evaM pArvaNa ke svarUpa mile hue haiM; eka topreta vAlA svarUpa aura dUsarA preta ke tIna pitaroM vAlA, ataH isameM donoM prakAra ke zrAddha sammilita haiN| jaba sapiNDIkaraNa kA anta brAhmaNoM ke dakSiNA-dAna se hotA hai to preta pretatva chor3akara pitara ho jAtA hai| preta kI dazA yA sthiti meM bhUkha evaM pyAsa kI bhayAnaka yAtanAe~ hotI haiM, kintu pitara ho jAne para vasu, rudra, Aditya nAmaka zrAddha-devatAoM ke saMsarga meM A jAnA hotA hai| preta zabda ke do artha haiM; (1) vaha jo mRta hai evaM (2) vaha jo mRta hai kintu abhI usakA sapiNDIkaraNa nahIM huA hai| sapiNDIkaraNa yA sapiNDana kA pariNAma yaha hai ki mRta kA prapitAmaha, jisakA sapiNDIkaraNa ho cukA rahatA hai, piNDa ke adhikArI pitaroM kI paMkti se haTa jAtA hai aura kevala 'lepabhAk' (arthAt kevala hAtha meM lage bhojana ke 'jhAr3ana' kA adhikArI) raha jAtA hai, phalataH preta pitaroM kI zreNI meM A jAtA hai aura usake pazcAt kiye jAnevAle pArvaNa zrAddha ke piNDoM kA vaha adhikArI ho jAtA hai| garuDapurANa (1 / 22012) meM AyA hai ki pArvaNa kI bhA~ti hI aparAhna meM sapiNDIkaraNa zrAddha kA sampAdana hotA hai| yaha jJAtavya hai ki kucha granthoM meM pretapAtra se pitRpAtroM meM jala chor3ane ke samaya ke mantroM meM bheda pAyA jAtA hai| viSNudharmasUtra (21 / 14) meM mantra ye haiM--'saMsRjatu tvA pRthivI' (pRthivI tumheM saMyukta kare yA milAye) evaM 'samAnI va AkUtiH' (R0 10 / 191 / 4) / Azva0 gRhyapariziSTa (3 / 11) ne R0 (1 / 90 / 6-8) ke tIna madhumatI mantra aura Rgveda ke antima tIna sundara mantra (10 / 19112-4) diye haiN| ___ yAjJa0 (1 / 254) evaM mArkaNDeya 0 (28 / 17-18) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki ekoddiSTa evaM sapiNDIkaraNa striyoM ke lie bhI hone cAhie (kintu pArvaNa evaM Abhyudayika nhiiN)| mAtA ke sapiNDIkaraNa ke viSaya meM kaI mata haiN| jaba strI putrahIna rUpa meM mara jAya aura usakA pati jIvita ho to usakA sapiNDIkaraNa usakI sAsa ke sAtha hotA hai (gobhila smRti 3 / 102) / yadi putra evaM pati se hIna koI strI mara jAya to usake lie sapiNDana nahIM honA caahie| yadi koI strI apane pati kI citA para jala jAya yA bAda ko (satI hokara) mara jAya to usake putra ko apane pitA ke sAtha usakA sapiNDana karanA cAhie, usake lie alaga se sapiNDana nahIM hotaa| yadi usakA Asura vivAha haA ho 9. pretapiNDaM tridhA vibhajya pitRpiNDeSu triSvAdadhAti madhu vAtA iti tisRbhiH saMgacchadhvamiti dvAbhyAmanumantrya zeSaM pArvaNavatkuryAt / Azva0 gR0 pari0 (3 / 11) /

Page #290
mAtA, vimAtA Adi ke sapiNDana, AtmaghAtiyoM kI nArAyaNa-bali Adi kA nirNaya 1283 yA vaha putrikA banA lI gayI ho to putra ko apanI mAtA kA sapiNDana apanI nAnI ke sAtha karanA cAhie, kintu yadi vivAha brAhma yA anya tIna ucita vivAha-vidhiyoM se huA hoto putra ko apanI mAtA kA sapiNDana apane pitA yA pitAmahI yA nAnA ke sAtha karanA caahie| ina tIna vikalpoM meM yadi koI kulAcAra ho to usakA anusaraNa karanA caahie| isake atirikta koI anya vikalpa nahIM hai| yadi kisI strI kA vimAtA-putra (sauta kA putra) ho to usako usakA sapiNDIkaraNa apane pitA ke sAtha karanA cAhie, jaisA ki manu (9 / 183 vasiSTha 1711) ne saMketa kiyA hai| ina bAtoM ke vivecana ke lie evaM anya vikalpoM ke lie dekhie mitAkSarA (yAjJa0 1 / 253-254) evaM smRtica0 (Azauca, pR0 169) nirNayasindhu (3,10 388) ke mata se upanayana-vihIna mRta vyakti kA sapiNDana nahIM honA cAhie, kintu yadi vaha pAMca varSa se adhika kA rahA ho to SoDaza zrAddhoM kA sampAdana honA cAhie (sapiNDana nahIM) aura piNDa kA arpaNa khAlI bhUmi para honA caahie| yaha jJAtavya hai ki jaba taka kula ke mRta vyakti kA sapiNDana na ho jAya taba taka koI zubha kArya, yathA vivAha (jisameM Abhyudayika zrAddha kA sampAdana Avazyaka hai) Adi kRtya, nahIM kiye jAne cAhie (kintu sImantonnayana jaise saMskAra avazya kara diye jAne caahie)| mana (5 / 89-90) meM AyA hai ki kucha logoM ke lie jala-tarpaNa evaM sapiNDIkaraNa jaise kRtya nahIM kiye jAne cAhie, yathA--nAstika, varNasaMkara, saMnyAsI, AtmaghAtI, nAstika siddhAntoM ko mAnane vAlA, vyabhicAriNI, bhrUNa evaM pati kI hatyAkAriNI evaM surApI naarii| yAjJa0 (3 // 6) meM bhI aisI hI vyavasthAe~ dI huI haiN| yaha jJAtavya hai ki - smRtiyoM ne AtmahatyA ke sabhI prakAroM kI bhartsanA nahIM kI hai| dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 3, adhyAya 34 / inake atirikta yama (mitA0, yAjJa0 3 / 6) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki manu evaM yAjJa0 meM ullikhita vyaktiyoM ke lie Azauca, jala-tarpaNa, rudana, zavadAha evaM antyeSTi-kriyAe~ nahIM karanI caahie| mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 6) ne vRddha-yAjJavalkya evaM chAgaleya ko uddhRta karate hue likhA hai ki AtmahatyA ke ghRNita prakAroM meM eka varSa ke uparAnta nArAyaNabali karake zrAddha karane caahie| isake uparAnta mitA0 ne nArAyaNabali para savistara likhA hai (dekhie isa khaNDa kA adhyAya 9 evaM skandapurANa, nAgarakhaNDa, 219 / 19-21) / skanda0 meM mata prakAzita huA hai ki AtmaghAtiyoM evaM lar3AI-jhagar3e meM mRta logoM ke lie kRSNa pakSa kI caturdazI ko zrAddha karanA caahie| __ aba hama Abhyudayika zrAddha kA varNana kreNge| Azva0 gR0 (47) ne kevala pArvaNa, kAmya, Abhyudayika evaM ekoddiSTa nAmaka cAra zrAddhoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| Azva0 gR0 (2 / 5 / 13-15), zAMkhA0 gR0 (414), gobhilagR0 (4 / 3 / 35-37), kauSItaki gR0 (414), bo0 gR0 (3 / 12 / 2-5) evaM kAtyA0 zrAddhasUtra (kaNDikA 6) ne saMkSepa meM isa zrAddha kA varNana kiyA hai| adhikAMza sUtroM ke mata se yaha zrAddha putra-janma, caula karma, upanayana, vivAha jaise mAMgalika avasaroM para yA kisI pUrta (kUpa, jalAzaya, vATikA Adi jana-kalyANArtha nirmANa sambandhI dAna-karma) ke Arambha meM kiyA jAtA hai| Azva0 gR0 evaM gobhilagR0 ati saMkSepa meM isakI vidhi batalAte haiM ki mAMgalika avasaroM para 10. svena bha; samaM zrAddhaM mAtA bhukte sudhAmayam / pitAmahI ca svenaiva svenaiva prpitaamhii||bRhspti (smRtica0, zrA0, pR0 449; kalpataru, zrA0, 50 239 evaM zrA0 ki0 ko0, pR0 428) / pituH pitAmahe yadvat pUrNa saMvatsare sutH| mAturmAtAmahe tadvadeSA kAryA sapiNDatA // uzanA (mitA0, yAjJa0 11253-254) / mAtuH sapiNDIkaraNaM pitAmahyA sahoditam (gobhilasmRti 2 / 102; zrA0 ki0 kau0, pR0 428) / garur3a0 (prata0 34 / 121) meM AyA hai-'pitAmahA samaM mAtuH pituH saha pitAmahaiH / sapiNDIkaraNaM kAryamiti tAya mataM mama // '

Page #291
1284 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa yA kalyANArtha kiye jAnevAle kRtyoM para sama saMkhyA meM brAhmaNoM ko nimantrita karanA cAhie, kRtyoM ko bAyeM se dAhine karanA cAhie aura tila ke sthAna para yava (jI) kA prayoga karanA caahie| yaha zrAddha aparAkaM (pR0 514) ke mata se pArvaNa kI hI vikRti (saMzodhana yA zAkhA) hai, ataH isameM pArvaNa ke hI niyama, viziSTa saMketoM ko chor3akara, prayukta hote haiN| Azva0 gR0 pari0 (2 / 19), smRtyarthasAra (pR0 56) evaM pitRdayitA (pR0 62-71) ne saMkSipta kintu apane meM pUrNa vivecana upasthita kiye haiN| ____ isa zrAddha meM, jo prAtaHkAla kiyA jAtA hai (putrotpatti ko chor3a kara, jisameM yaha tatkSaNa kiyA jAtA hai), vizvedeva haiM satya evaM vasu; isakA sampAdana pUrvAla meM honA cAhie; Amantrita brAhmaNoM kI saMkhyA sama honI cAhie; darbha sIdhe hote haiM (duhare nahIM)aura jar3a yukta nahIM hote; kartA upavIta DhaMga se janeU dhAraNa karatA hai (prAcInAvIta DhaMga se nahIM); sabhI kRtya bAyeM se dAhine kiye jAte haiM ('pradakSiNam' na ki 'apasavyam' DhaMga se); 'svadhA' zabda kA prayoga nahIM hotA; tiloM ke sthAna para yavoM kA prayoga hotA hai; kartA brAhmaNoM ko 'nAndIzrAddha meM Ane kA samaya nikAlie' kahakara Amantrita karatA hai| brAhmaNa 'aisA hI ho' kahate haiN| kartA kahatA hai--'Apa donoM (mere ghara) AyeM aura ve kahate haiM-'hama donoM avazya aayeNge|' kartA pUrva yA uttara kI ora mukha karatA hai (dakSiNa kI ora kabhI nhiiN)| yavoM ke lie 'yavosi' mantra kahA jAtA hai| kartA kahatA hai--'maiM nAndImukha pitaroM kA AvAhana kruuNgaa|" 'avazya bulAie' kI anumati pAkara vaha kahatA hai--'nAndImukha pitara prasanna hoM'; vaha eka bAra 'he nAndImukha pitaro, yaha Apa ke lie arghya hai' kahakara arghya detA hai| candanalepa, dhUpa, dIpa do bAra diye jAte haiM; homa brAhmaNa ke hAtha para hotA hai; do mantra ye haiM--'kavyavAha agni ke lie svAhA' evaM 'pitaroM ke sAtha saMyukta soma ko svaahaa|' brAhmaNoM ke bhojana karate samaya 'rakSona mantroM, indra ko sambodhita mantroM evaM zAnti vAle mantroM kA pATha hotA rahatA hai, kintu pitaroM ko sambodhita mantroM (R0 10 / 15 / 1-13) kA nahIM; jaba kartA dekhatA hai ki brAhmaNa loga bhojana kara santuSTa ho cuke haiM to vaha 'upAsmai gAyatA naraH' (R0 9 / 11 / 1-5) se Arambha honevAle pA~ca mantroM kA pATha karatA hai kiMtu madhumatI (R0 1190 / 6-8) mantroM kA nahIM aura anta meM vaha brAhmaNoM ko 'pitara (bhojana kA) bhAga le cuke haiM, ve Ananda le cuke haiM' mantra sunAtA hai| kartA ko isa samaya (jaba ki pArvaNa meM 'akSayyodaka' mA~gA jAtA hai) yaha kahanA cAhie 'maiM nAndImukha pitaroM se AzIrvacana kahane kI prArthanA karU~gA' aura brAhmaNoM ko pratyuttara denA cAhie--'avazya prArthanA kiijie|' kartA 'sampannam ?' (kyA pUrNa thA? ) zabda kA prayoga karatA hai aura brAhmaNa 'susampannam' (yaha paryApta pUrNa thA) kahate haiN| brAhmaNa-bhojana ke uparAnta Acamana-kRtya jaba ho jAtA hai to kartA bhojanasthAna ko gobara se lIpatA hai, darbho ke agra-bhAgoM ko pUrva dizA meM karake unheM bichAtA hai aura una para do piNDa (pratyeka pitara ke lie) rakha detA hai| ye piNDa brAhmaNa-bhojana ke uparAnta bace hue bhojana meM dahI, badarIphala evaM pRSadAjya (dahI evaM ghRta se banA huA) milAkara banAye jAte haiN| piNDoM kA arpaNa mAtA, tIna apane pitaroM, tIna mAtRvarga ke pitaroM (nAnA, paranAnA evaM bar3e paranAnA) ko hotA hai| kucha logoM ke mata se isa zrAddha meM piNDArpaNa nahIM hotA (Azva0 gR0 pari0 2019) / pitRdayitA evaM zrAddhatattva kA kathana hai ki sAmaveda ke anuyAyiyoM dvArA Amyudayika zrAddha meM 11. saMkalpa kucha isa prakAra kA hogA--'om amukagotrANAM mAtRpitAmahIprapitAmahInAmamukAmukAmukadevInAM nAmdImukhInAM tathAmukagotrANAM pitRpitAmahaprapitAmahAnAmamukAmukamukazarmANAM nAndImukhAnAM tathAmukagotrANAM mAtAmahapramAtAmahavRkSapramAtAmahAnAmamukAmukAmukazarmANAM nAndImukhAnAmukagotrasya kartavyAmukakarmanimitakamAbhyuvayikabhAramahaM kariSye / zrAdaviveka (rudradharakRta, pR0 149) / 'devInA' ke lie 'dAnA' hI bahudhA rakhA jAtA hai|

Page #292
Amyudayika, vRddhi yA nAndImukha bhAddha 1285 mAtRzrAddha nahIM sampAdita hotaa| yaha sambhava hai ki anvaSTakya zrAddha se hI prabhAvita hokara mAtA, pitAmaha evaM prapitAmaha ke lie zrAddha kiyA jAne lagA, jaisA ki Azva0 gR0 (2 / 5 / 113-5) se prakaTa hotA hai| 'nAndIzrAddha' evaM 'vRddhizrAddha' zabda paryAyavAcI haiN| jaba yAjJa0 (1 / 250) meM aisA kathana hai ki vRddhi (zubhAvasara, yathA putrotpatti) ke avasara para nAndImukha pitaroM ko piNDoM se pUjita karanA cAhie, to isakA saMketa hai ki nAndIzrAddha evaM vRddhizrAddha donoM samAna hI haiM / mitA0 (yAjJa0 11250) ne zAtAtapa ko uddhRta karate hue isa zrAddha ke tIna bhAga kiye haiM, yathA-mAtRzrAddha, pitRzrAddha evaM maataamhshraaddh| dUsarI ora bhaviSyapurANa (2185 / 15) ne kahA hai ki isameM do zrAddha hote haiM, yathA-mAtazrAddha evaM nAndImakha pitshraaddh| padma0 (saSTi0 9 / 194) Adi granthoM meM Abhyudayika zrAddha evaM vRddhizrAddha ko samAna mAnA gayA hai, kintu prathama dUsare se adhika vistRta hai, kyoMki isakA sampAdana pUrta-karma ke Arambha meM bhI hotA hai| viSNupurANa (3 / 13 / 2-7), mArkaNDeya0 (2814-7), padma0 (sRSTikhaMDa, 9 / 194-199), bhaviSya0 (1 / 185 / 5-13), viSNudharmotara0 (1 / 142 / 13-18) ne nAndIzrAddha kI paddhati evaM usake kiye jAne yogya avasaroM kA saMkSepa meM ullekha kiyA hai| avasara ye haiM-kanyA evaM putra ke vivAhotsava para, naye gRha-praveza para, nAmakaraNa-saMskAra para, cUDAkaraNa para, sImantonnayana meM, putrotpatti para, putrAdi ke mukha-darzana para gRhastha ko nAndImukha pitaroM kA sammAna karanA caahie|" mArkaNDeya0 (2816) ne TippaNI kI hai ki kucha logoM ke mata se isa zrAddha meM vaizvadeva brAhmaNa nahIM hone cAhie, kintu padma0 (sRSTi 0 9 / 195) kA kathana hai ki isa vRddhizrAddha meM sarvaprathama mAtAoM kA sammAna honA cAhie, taba pitAoM, mAtAmahoM evaM vizvedevoM kA / hemAdri (zrA0, pR0 107) ne brahmapurANa ke do zloka uddhRta karate hue kahA hai ki pitA, pitAmaha evaM prapitAmaha athumukha pitara kahe jAte haiM, aura prapitAmaha se pUrva ke tIna pitara loga nAndImukha kahe jAte haiN|" kalpataru (zrA0, pR0 270) ne ina zlokoM se artha nikAlA hai ki jaba kartA ke tInoM pUrvaja jIvita hoM aura koI zubha avasara ho to prapitAmaha se pUrva ke tIna pUrvaja nAndIzrAddha ke lie devatA hoNge| bhaviSya ne TippaNI kI hai ki kulAcAra ke anusAra kucha loga vRddhizrAddha meM piNDa nahIM dete|5|| 'mAtaraH' zabda ke do artha haiN| gobhilasmRti (1 / 13) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki sabhI kRtyoM ke Arambha meM gaNeza ke sAtha mAtAoM kI pUjA hotI hai aura 14 mAtAoM meM kucha haiM gaurI, padmA, zacI (1 / 11-12) / 6 isa viSaya meM 12. apredhurnvssttkym|....pinnddpitRyjnye kalpena / hutvA madhumanyavarja pitRbhyo dadyAt / strImyazca surA cAcAmamityadhikam / Azva0 gu0 (2 / 5 / 1, 3-5) / 13. kanyAputravivAheSu praveze navavezmani / nAmakarmaNi bAlAnAM cUDAkarmAdike tathA // sImantonnayane caiva putrAdimukhadarzane // nAndImukhaM pitRgaNaM pUjayet prayato gRhii| pitRpUjAvidhiH prokto vRddhAveSa samAsataH // viSNupurANa (3 / 13 / 5-7) / ise aparArka (pR0 515) ne uvRta kiyA hai (antima pAda chodd'kr)| . 14. pitA pitAmahazcava tathaiva prapitAmahaH / trayo hyazrumukhA hote pitaraH saMprakIrtitAH // tebhyaH pUrve trayo ye tu te tu nAndImukhA iti // brahmapurANa (hemAdri, zrA0, pR0 107; kalpataru, zrA0, pR0 270)|'naandii' kA artha hai 'samRddhi' (brahmapurANa, kalpataru, thaa0,10268)| 15. piNDanirvapaNaM kuryAna vA kuryAdvicakSaNa vRddhizrAddhe mahAbAho kuladharmAnavekSya tu // bhaviSyapurANa / isa para pRthvIcandrodaya ko TippaNI yaha hai-'atazcAgnaukaraNAdInAmapi nissedhH| tathA-agnaukaraNamargha cAvAhanaM cAvanejanam / piNDabA prakurvota piNDahIne nivartate // ' 16. brahmANyAdyAstathA sapta durgAkSetragaNAdhipAn / vRkSyAdau pUjayitvA tu pazcAnnAndImukhAn pitRRn // mAtRpUrvAn

Page #293
1286 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 6, jahA~ mAtRkAoM evaM unakI pUjA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai|" aparArka (pR. 517) ne uddharaNa diyA hai ki brahmANI Adi sAta mAtAoM kI pUjA honI cAhie aura isake uparAnta apanI mAtA, pitAmahI evaM prapitAmahI kI pUjA honI cAhie, taba nAndImakha pitaroM, mAtAmahoM evaM pitaroM kI patniyoM kI pUjA honI caahie| vIramitrodaya ke zrAddha-prakAza ne vRddha vasiSTha ko isa viSaya meM uddhRta kara kahA hai ki yadi mAtRzrAddha (vRddhizrAddha ke eka bhAga) meM brAhmaNoM kI paryApta saMkhyA na prApta ho sake to mAtAoM evaM mAtAmahiyoM ke vargoM ke lie (pratyeka varga ke lie) sadhavA evaM putra yA putroM vAlI cAra nAriyoM ko bhojana ke lie Amantrita karanA cAhie aura unakA sammAna karanA caahie| pratisAMvatsarika yA pratyAgdika zrAddha para hamane Upara vistAra se par3ha liyA hai| isakA sampAdana mRtyu-tithi para prati varSa hotA hai (gobhilasmRti 3366) / aisI vyavasthA dI gayI hai ki mAtA-pitA ke viSaya meM yaha zrAddha pArvaNa kI vidhi grahaNa karatA hai (zrAddhatattva, pR0304)| bhaviSya evaM skanda0 kA kathana hai ki sAMvatsarika zrAddha kA anya zrAddhoM meM sabase adhika mahattva hai aura yadi koI putra mAtA-pitA ke mRtyu-dina para vArSika zrAddha nahIM karatA to vaha tAmisra nAmaka bhayAnaka naraka meM jAtA hai aura phira janma lekara nagara-sUkara hotA hai| isa viSaya meM tithi, mAsa yA donoM kI jAnakArI na ho to tadartha bRhaspati, skanda0, padma0 evaM bhaviSya ne kucha niyama diye haiM--(1)yadi tithi jJAta ho kintu mAsa nahIM to mArgazIrSa yA mAgha mAsa meM usa tithi para zrAddha karanA cAhie; (2) yadi mAsa jJAta ho kintu tithi nahIM to usa mAsa kI amAvAsyA ko zrAddha karanA cAhie; (3) yadi tithi evaM mAMsa donoM na jJAta hoM to tithi evaM mAsa kI gaNanA vyakti ke ghara se prasthAna karane se honI cAhie; (4) yadi prasthAna-kAla bhI na jJAta ho sake to jaba sambandhI kI mRtyu kA sandeza mile tabhI se tithi evaM mAsa kI gaNanA karanI caahie| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki pitrya kRtyoM ke lie mAsa cAndra (prastuta uddharaNoM meM agAnta mAsa liyA gayA hai-saM0) hotA hai aura 'dina', pitRn pUjya tato mAtAmahAnapi / mAtAmahIstataH kecidyugmA bhojyA dvijaatyH|| (aparArka, pR0 517) / gobhilasmRti (111112) dvArA upasthApita 14 mAtRkA ye haiM-gaurI, padmA, zacI, medhA, sAvitrI, vijayA, jayA, devasenA, svadhA, svAhA,dhRti, puSTi, tuSTi evaM apanI kuladevI (abhiissttdevtaa)|maarknnddey0 meM sAta ye haiM brahmANI, mAhezvarI, kaumArI, vArAhI, nArasiMhI, vaiSNavI evaM aindrii| 17. dharma ke vibhinna svarUpoM meM atyanta prAcIna evaM bahuta vistRta pUjAoM ke antargata mAtA-devI yA mAtAdeviyoM kI pUjA bhI hai| mAtR-pUjA mesopoTAmiyAevaM sIriyA-jaise prAcIna sabhyatAkAloM tathA AdikAlIna yUropa evaM pazcimI aphrIkA meM bhI pracalita thii| AdikAlIna athavA prAgaitihAsika saMskRtiyoM se sambandhita kucha aisI bhoMDI AkRtiyA~ yA pratimAeM prApta huI haiM jo nAriyoM kI haiM aura kahA jAtA hai ki ye mAtR-deviyoM kI pratimAeM haiN| dekhie zrI esa0 ke0 dIkSita kRta 'madara gaoNDeseja' (puunaa)| 18. mAtavarge mAtAmahIvarge vA brAhmaNAlAbhe patiputrAnvitAzcatanazcatasraH suvAsinyo bhojanIyA ityuktaM vRkssvsisstthen| mAtRzrAve tu viprANAmalAbhe puujyedpi| patiputrAnvitA bhavyA yoSito'STau mudAnvitAH // zrAvaprakAza (pR0 298) / 19. sarveSAmeva zrAdAnAM zreSThaM sAMvatsaraM smRtam / kriyate yatkhagazreSTha mRte'hani budhaiH saha // ... sa yAti narakaM ghoraM tAmistraM nAma naamtH| tato bhavati duSTAtmA nagare sUkaraH khg|| bhaviSya0 (13183 / 20 evaM 25) / prathama zloka skanda0 (7.11205 / 43) meM bhI AyA hai|

Page #294
mahAlaya zrAddha kI vyAkhyA; saMkalpa-zrAddha 1287 'ahaH' evaM 'vAsara' kA tAtparya 'tithi' se hai ( aparArka, pR0 545 ) / skanda0 ( 7|1|206 / 59 ) ke anusAra adhika mAsa ( malamAsa ) meM pratyAbdika zrAddha nahIM kiyA jAnA caahie| kucha anya zrAddhoM ke viSaya meM bhI kucha kaha denA Avazyaka hai| mahAlaya zrAddha eka ati prasiddha zrAddha hai / kucha purANoM meM isakI carcA hai| padma0 (sRSTikhaNDa, 47 / 225-228 ) kA kathana hai ki ASAr3ha mAsa kI pUrNimA se Age ke pA~caveM pakSa meM zrAddha karanA cAhie, cAhe usa samaya sUrya kanyA rAzi meM ho yA na ho / kanyA rAzi vAle sUrya ke 16 dina sarvottama dakSiNAoM se sampAdita pavitra zrAddha dinoM ke samAna hI haiN| yadi kRSNa pakSa ( jaba ki sUrya kanyA rAzi meM ho) meM zrAddha karanA sambhava na ho to tulArka meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaba yaha zrAddha na kiyA jAya aura sUrya vRzcika rAzi meM calA jAya to pitara loga sArI AzAe~ chor3akara aura vaMzajoM ko ghora zApa dekara apane nivAsa ko lauTa jAte haiN| ASAr3ha kI pUrNimA ke pazcAt pA~cavA~ pakSa bhAdrapada (Azvina) kA kRSNa pakSa hotA hai / pitRkAryoM ke lie kRSNa pakSa surakSita-sA hai / bhAdrapada (Azvina) meM sUrya dakSiNAyana ke madhya meM rahatA hai / ataH pitaroM ke zrAddha ke lie arthAt mahAlaya ke lie bhAdrapada (Azvina) kA kRSNa pakSa vizeSa rUpa se cunA gayA hai / ise mahAlaya isalie kahA gayA hai ki isa mAsa kA kRSNapakSa pitaroM kA Alaya hai, mAno yaha unake maha (utsava dina) kA Alaya (nivAsa) hai| aura dekhie skandaM0 ( 6 216 / 96-97 zrAddhakalpalatA, pR0 98 ) / kalpataru ne bhaviSyapurANa ko uddhRta kara kahA hai ki yadi kisI ne mahAlaya meM bhAdrapada (Azvina) ke kRSNapakSa meM, jaba ki sUrya kanyA rAzi meM rahatA hai ) zrAddha nahIM kiyA to use Azvina (kArtika) kRSNapakSa kI amAvasyA ko karanA cAhie, jisameM dIpa jalAye jAte haiM / zrAddhasAra ( pR0 113) evaM smRtimuktAphala (zrA0, pR0 745 ) ne vRddha manu ko uddhRta kiyA hai ki bhAdrapada (amAnta) kA antima pakSa, jaba ki sUrya kanyA rAzi meM rahatA hai, mahAlaya yA gajacchAyA kahalAtA hai / mahAlaya zrAddha sampAdana kI ThIka tithi ke viSaya meM kaI mata haiM, yathA isakA sampAdana bhAdrapada (Azvina) ke kRSNa pakSa kI prathama tithi se lekara amAvasyA taka kI kisI bhI tithi meM ho sakatA hai, yA aSTamI, dazamI tithi se amAvasyA taka kI kisI tithi meM, yA isa mAsa kI paMcamI tithi se lekara Age ke pakSa kI paMcamI tithi taka, yA kisI bhI dina to ki sUrya kanyA rAzi meM rahatA hai, yA kisI bhI dina jaba taka ki sUrya vRzcika rAzi meM praveza nahIM karatA / prajApati (37) ne kahA hai ki purANoM meM bahuta-se phaladAyaka zrAddha varNita haiM kintu mahAlaya zrAddha sarvazreSTha hai / mArkaNDeyapurANa (smRtimu0, pR0 745 ) ke mata se mahAlaya zrAddha kA sampAdana pArvaNa zrAddha kI paddhati se hotA hai / smRtyarthasAra kA kathana hai ki pArvaNazrAddha kI paddhati ke anusAra sabhI zrAddha ( sapiNDIkaraNa ke atirikta) sampAdita na ho sakeM to unakA sampAdana saMkalpavidhi se 'sakatA hai, jisameM AvAhana, arghya, homa evaM piNDadAna ko chor3akara pArvaNa zrAddha kI sArI bAteM yathAsambhava sampAdita hotI haiM / madanapArijAta ( pR0 609-610) kA kathana hai ki saMkalpa zrAddha meM arghyadAna, vikira ke vistAra, AvAhana, agnaukaraNa, piNDadAna Adi nahIM kiye jAte, kintu kartA ko eka yA kaI brAhmaNoM ko khilAnA avazya caahie| mahAlaya zrAddha ke vizvedeva haiM dhuri evaM locn| yaha zrAddha na kevala pitRvarga evaM mAtRvarga ke pitaroM evaM unakI patniyoM ke lie hotA hai, balki anya sambandhiyoM evaM logoM ke ( unakI patniyoM, putroM evaM mRta patiyoM ke) lie bhI hotA hai, yathA-- vimAtA, patnI, putra, putrI, cAcA, mAmA, bhrAtA, mausI, phUphI, bahina, bhatIjA, dAmAda, bhAnajA, zvazura, sAsa, AcArya, upAdhyAya, guru, mitra, ziSya evaM anya koI sambandhI / kucha loga kevala pitRvarga evaM mAtRvarga ke pitaroM evaM unakI patniyoM ke lie hI ise karate haiN| jisa dina bhAdrapada (Azvina) ke kRSNapakSa meM candra bharaNI nakSatra meM rahatA hai vaha mahAbharaNI kahalAtI hai aura usa dina kA sampAdita zrAddha gayA zrAddha ke barAbara mAnA jAtA hai ( matsyapurANa, zrAddhakalpalatA, 1099 ) / saMnyAsI kA mahAlaya zrAddha isa pakSa kI dvAdazI ko hotA hai, anya tithi ko nahIM, aura

Page #295
1288 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa usakA vArSika zrAddha gRhasthoM ke samAna usake putra dvArA pArvaNa paddhati se honA caahie| dvAdazI viSNu ke lie pavitra tithi hai aura yati (saMnyAsI) 'namo nArAyaNAya' kA japa karate haiM, ataH yatiyoM ke lie mahAlayazrAddha kI viziSTa tithi dvAdazI hai| mahAlaya zrAddha malamAsa meM nahIM kiyA jaataa| do anya zrAddhoM kA, jo Aja bhI sampAdita hote haiM, varNana kiyA jA rahA hai| eka hai mAtAmahazrAddha yA dauhitrprtipdaa-shraad| kevala dauhitra (kanyA kA putra), jisake mAtA-pitA jIvita hoM, apane nAnA (nAnI ke sAtha, yadi vaha jIvita na ho) kA zrAddha Azvina ke zukla pakSa kI prathama tithi para kara sakatA hai| dauhitra aisA kara sakatA hai, bhale hI usake nAnA ke putra jIvita hoN| isa zrAddha kA sampAdana piNDadAna ke binA yA usake sAtha (bahadhA binA piNDadAna ke) kiyA jAtA hai| binA upanayana sampAdita hue bhI dauhitra yaha zrAddha kara sakatA hai| zrAddhasAra (pR0 24) kA kathana hai ki mAtAmahazrAddha kevala ziSTAcAra para hI AdhArita hai| dUsarA zrAddha hai avidhavAnavamI zrAddha, jo apanI mAtA yA kula kI anya sadhavA rUpa meM mata nAriyoM ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| isakA sampAdana bhAdrapada (Azvina) ke kRSNapakSa kI navamI ko hotA hai| kintu jaba nArI kI mRtyu ke uparAnta usakA pati mara jAtA hai to isakA sampAdana samApta ho jAtA hai| nirNayasindhu (2, pR0 154) ne isa viSaya meM kaI mata diye haiM aura kahA hai ki isa viSaya meM dezAcAra kA pAlana karanA caahie| mArkaNDeyapurANa ke mata se isa zrAddha meM na kevala eka brAhmaNa ko pratyata eka sadhavA nArI ko bhI khilAnA cAhie aura use mekhalA (kardhanI), mAlA evaM kaMgana kA dAna karanA caahie| Azva0 ga0, yAjJa0 evaM padma ke kathanoM se prakaTa ho cukA hai ki pratyeka zrAddha meM kRtya ke uparAnta apanI sAmarthya ke anusAra dakSiNA denI caahie| skandapurANa (6 / 218112-14) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki mantroM, ucita kAla yA vidhi meM jo kamI hotI hai vaha dakSiNA se pUrI kI jAtI hai| binA dakSiNA ke zrAddha marusthala meM varSA, a~dhere meM nRtya, bahare ke samakSa saMgIta ke samAna hai, jo apane pitaroM kI santuSTi kI abhilASA rakhatA hai use binA dakSiNA ke zrAddha nahIM karanA caahie| rAmAyaNa (ayodhyAkANDa 77 / 1-3) meM AyA hai ki dazaratha kI mRtyu ke uparAnta 12veM dina brAhmaNoM ko ratnoM, saikar3oM gAyoM, dhana, prabhUta annoM, yAnoM, gRhoM, dAsoM evaM dAsiyoM kI dakSiNA dI gyii| AzramavAsikaparva (143-4) ne bhISma, droNa, duryodhana evaM anya vIragati-prApta yoddhAoM ke sammAna meM diye gaye dAnoM kA ullekha kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki sabhI vargoM ko anna-pAna (bhojana evaM peya) se santuSTa kiyA gyaa| vAyupurANa (adhyAya 80) ne zrAddhoM meM diye jAnevAle dAnoM kA vizada varNana kiyA hai| hama sthAnAbhAva se sabakI carcA nahIM kara skeNge| TippaNI meM pake hue bhojana ke dAna kI eka prazasti de dI jA rahI hai| zAntiparva (4217) meM AyA hai ki yoddhAoM ke antyeSTi-kRtya ke avasara para yudhiSThira ne pratyeka ke lie sabhA, prapA, jalAzaya Adi bnvaaye| devala ne kahA hai ki bhojana ke uparAnta Acamana karane para brAhmaNoM ko dakSiNA denI cAhie aura bahaspati kA kathana hai ki brAhmaNoM ko unakI vidyA evaM jJAna ke anusAra gaue~, bhUmi, sonA, vastra Adi kI dakSiNA denI cAhie, aura kartA dvArA dakSiNA isa prakAra denI cAhie ki ve santuSTa ho jAyeM, kama-se-kama jo dhanI haiM unheM vizeSa rUpa se aisA karanA cAhie (pRthvI 20. annado labhate tisraH kanyAkoTIstathaiva ca / annadAnAtparaM dAnaM vidyate neha kiMcana / annAd bhUtAni jAyante jIvanti ca na sNshyH|| jIvadAnAtparaM dAnaM na kiMcidiha vidyate / agnarjIvati trailokyamannasyaiva hi tatphalam // anne lokAH pratiSThanti lokadAnasya tatphalam / anna prajApatiH sAkSAttena sarvamidaM tatam // vAyu0 (8054-57) / aura dekhie ai0 brA0 (3331)-'annaM ha praannH|'

Page #296
zrAva meM dakSiNA, zayyA Adi ke dAna kA mahatva, upaputroM kA piNDadAnAdhikAra 1289 candrodaya ; mArkaNDeya0 32 / 91; vAmanapurANa 14 / 106) / Azvamedhikaparva (62 / 2-5) meM AyA hai ki vAsudeva ne apanI bahina ke putra abhimanyu kA zrAddha kiyA aura sahasroM brAhmaNoM ko sonA, gaue~, zayyAe~, vastra Adi diye aura unheM khilaayaa| bRhaspati ne eka viziSTa niyama yaha diyA hai ki pitA ke prayoga meM Aye hue vastra, alaMkAra, zayyA Adi evaM vAhana (ghor3A Adi) Amantrita brAhmaNoM ko candana evaM puSpoM se sammAnita kara dAna rUpa meM de dene caahie| aura dekhie anuzAsanaparva (adhyAya 96), jahA~ zrAddha-samApti para diye jAnevAle chAtoM evaM jUtoM Adi ke dAna para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| mRta dvArA prayukta zayyA ke dAna ke viSaya meM, jo mRtyu ke 11veM yA 12veM dina kiyA jAtA hai, kucha likhanA zyaka hai| garuDa (pretakhaNDa, 34169-89), padma0 (saSTikhaNDa, 10 // 12) evaM matsya0 (18412-14) ne kisI brAhmaNa evaM usakI patnI ko diye jAnevAle zayyA-dAna kI bar3I prazaMsA kI hai| matsya0 meM AyA hai ki maraNAzauca kI parisamApti ke dUsare dina zrAddhakartA ko cAhie ki vaha viziSTa lakSaNoM se yukta zayyA kA dAna kare; usa para mRta kI svaNima pratimA, phala evaM vastra hone cAhie; isakA sampradAna brAhmaNa-dampati ko alaMkAroM se sammAnita karake karanA cAhie; taba mRta ke kalyANa ke lie eka baila chor3anA (vRSotsarga karabA) cAhie aura kapilA gAya kA dAna karanA caahie| garuDa0 (preta0, 34 / 73-82) ne lambA ullekha kiyA hai jo bhaviSya (hemAdri dvArA uddhRta) ke zlokoM ke samAna hai| bhaviSya0 (hemAdri evaM nirNayasindhu, pR0 596) ne isa dAna ke samaya par3hane ke nimitta yaha mantra likhA hai'jisa prakAra viSNu kI zayyA sAgaraputrI lakSmI se zUnya nahIM hotI, usI prakAra janma-janmAntara meM merI zayyA bhI zUnya (sUnI) na ho|' prAcIna kAla meM zayyA-dAna lenA acchA nahIM mAnA jAtA thA aura Ajakala bhI kevala daridra brAhmaNa (jo sAdhAraNataH vidvAn nahIM hote) yA mahApAtra hI yaha dAna grahaNa karate haiN| padmapurANa ne zayyAdAna aMgIkAra karanevAle kI bar3I bhartsanA kI hai| isameM AyA hai jo brAhmaNa zayyA kA dAna letA hai use upanayanasaMskAra punaH karanA caahie| veda evaM purANoM meM zayyA-dAna gahita mAnA gayA hai aura jo loga ise grahaNa karate haiM, ve narakagAmI hote haiM (sRSTikhaNDa 10 / 17-18) / aba hama zrAddha-sambandhita anya bAtoM kI carcA kreNge| ati prAcIna kAla meM bAraha prakAra ke putroM ko mAnyatA dI gayI thI, jinameM kSetraja, putrikAputra evaM dattaka atyanta mahattvapUrNa the|" ina sabhI putroM ke do pitA hote the| prazna thA; ve kinako piNDArpaNa kareM? madanapArijAta (pR0 607-608) ne hArItadharmasUtra kA uddharaNa dekara vyAkhyA kI hai| hArIta kA kathana hai--binA kSetra (kheta) ke bIja nahIM jmtaa| jaba donoM Avazyaka haiM to utpanna putra donoM kA hai| ina donoM (pitAoM) meM utpanna karane vAle (bIjadAtA) kA AvAhana pahale hotA hai aura taba kSetrI kA, vaha (putra) donoM ko piNDa (eka-eka) de sakatA hai yA vaha kevala eka piNDa (pitA ko) de sakatA hai aura usI piNDa ke lie 21. putrahIna vyakti kI patnI yA viSavA se kisI sagotra (bhAI yA kisI anya sambandhI) dvArA yA kisI anya asagotra dvArA utpanna putra kSetraja' kahalAtA hai| yaha niyoga prathA se utpanna putra hai| ise utpanna karanevAlA 'bIjI' kahalAtA thA aura patnI ke vAstavika pati ko 'kSetro' kahA jAtA thaa| 'putrikAputra ke do prakAra haiM-(1) putrahIna pitA apanI putrI ko kisI anya se isa zarta para vivAhita kare ki usase utpanna putra usakA (pitA kA) putra kahalAegA (vasiSTha0 1317 evaM manu 9 / 127); (2) kanyA ko hI putra mAna liyA jAya (basiSTha0 1716) / 'ittaka' vaha putra hai jise mAtA yA pitA jala ke sAtha kisI anya ko usake putra ke rUpa meM de detA hai (manu 9 / 168) / ina putroM evaM anya putroM ke vizava vivecana ke lie dekhie isa pranya kA khaNDa 3, adhyAya 27 /

Page #297
1290 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa donoM ke nAma le sakatA hai| (donoM pitAoM ke putra kA) putra dUsare piMDa ke lie (arthAt pitAmaha vAle piNDa ke lie) do nAma le sakatA hai| prapautra (donoM pitAoM ke putra kA pautra) yahI bAta tIsare piNDa (prapitAmaha vAle piNDa) ke viSaya meM kara sakatA hai| manu (4 / 140) evaM gobhilasmRti (2 / 105) ne putrikAputra ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki vaha prathama piNDa apanI mAtA (kyoMki vaha putra ke rUpa meM niyukta huI rahatI hai) ko, dUsarA apane pitA ko aura tIsarA apane pitAmaha ko detA hai| yaha putrikAputra dvArA diye jAnevAle piNDoM kI prathama vidhi hai| kintu manu (9 / 132) kI dUsarI vidhi hai jisake anusAra putrahIna pitA kI sampUrNa sampatti lenevAlA putrikAputra do piNDa apane pitA evaM nAnA ko detA hai (arthAta do zrAddha karatA hai)| zAMkhA. zrI0 (4 / 3 / 10-11) ne kahA hai ki yadi do pitA hoM to eka hI piNDa hotA hai, aura putra bIjI evaM kSetrI donoM ke nAma letA hai| yAjJa0 (2 / 127) ne bhI kahA hai-niyoga prathA dvArA utpanna patra, jo kisI patrahIna vyakti dvArA kisI anya kI patnI se utpanna kiyA jAtA hai, donoM kI sampatti pAtA hai aura donoM ko piNDa detA hai| mitA0 kA kathana hai ki kisI anya kI patnI se koI putravAn vyakti putra utpanna kare to vaha patra kevala kSetrI kA hogA bIjI kA nhiiN| aba kSetraja evaM patrikAputra zatAbdiyoM se purAne par3a gaye haiM, ataH yaha viSaya aba kevala vidvatsamAja taka hI sImita hai, arthAta aba kevala usakI carcA mAtra hotI hai, kAryAnvaya nhiiN| kinta 'dattaka' kI paramparA aba bhI hai, ataH vaha kise piNDa de, isakI carcA apekSita hai| kalpataru (zrA0,10241) ne pravarAdhyAya se nimna uddharaNa diyA hai-yadi inheM (arthAt jo bIjI haiM) apanI patniyoM se putra nahIM hai, to ve putra (jo niyoga se utpAdita haiM kintu goda rUpa meM dUsare ko de diye gaye haiM) unakI sampatti pAte haiM aura unake lie tIna pitaroM taka piNDa dete haiN| yadi donoM (bIjI evaM kSetrI yA dattaka denevAle evaM dattaka lenevAle) ko anya putra na ho to ve putra (utpAdita yA dattaka) donoM ko piNDa dete haiM; eka hI zrAddha meM tIna pitaroM taka donoM ke pUrvajoM ke nimitta pRthakpRthak rUpa se icchita eka hI piNDa ke arpaNa meM donoM (grAhaka evaM utpanna karane vAle) ke nAma liye jAne caahie|" bau0 dha0 sU0 (2 / 2 / 22-23) ne eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai-'donoM pitAoM kA putra (donoM ko) piNDa degA aura pratyeka piNDa ke sAtha (donoM ke) nAma legA; isa prakAra tIna piNDa chaH pUrvajoM ke lie hoNge|' uparyukta hArIta-vacana se prakaTa hotA hai ki kucha logoM ke mata se yadi eka hI varga meM do hoM to pratyeka varga ke lie pRthak rUpa se piNDa hone caahie| manu (9 / 142) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki dattaka putra ko apane vAstavika pitA kA gotra nahIM grahaNa karanA cAhie; piNDa gotra evaM sampatti kA anusaraNa karatA hai; jo apanA putra de detA hai usakI 'svadhA' kI (jahA~ taka usa putra se sambandha hai) parisamApti ho jAtI hai| yaha zloka kucha ucca nyAyAlayoM evaM privI kauMsila dvArA vyAkhyAyita huA hai aura nirNaya diyA gayA hai ki dattaka putra kA janma se sambandha pUrNatayA TUTa jAtA hai| isa viSaya para hamane isa grantha ke khaNDa 3, adhyAya 28 meM vistAra ke sAtha likha diyA hai| vahA~ yaha kahA gayA hai ki dattaka putra kA kula-sambandha 22. aputreNa parakSetre niyoMgotpAvitaH sutH| ubhayorapyasau rikthI piNDadAtA ca dhrmtH||yaaj (2127); yadA tu niyuktaH putravAn kevalaM kSetriNaH putrArtha prayatate tadA tadutpannaH kSetriNa eva putro bhavati na biijinH| sapana niyamena bIjino riphyahArI piNDado veti (mitaa0)| 23. atha yoSAM svabhAryAsvapatyaM na syAdrikyaM hareyuH piNDaM caimyastripuruSaM vAratha yadyubhayorna syAdubhAmyA bayurekasmiJchA pRthaguddizyakapiNDe dvAvanukIrtayet pratigrahItAraM cotpAdayitAra cA tRtiiyaatpurussaat| kalpataru (mA0, pR0 241) ne kucha bhASAntaroM ke sAtha ise ubta kiyA hai| aura dekhie kAtyAyana (vya0 ma0, pR0 115); kAtyAyana evaM laugAkSi (pravaramaMjarI meM uddhRta), jo nirNayasindhu (3, pR0 389) dvArA uddhRta haiN|

Page #298
staka putra ke kula-gotra kA vicAra; vRpotsarga 1291 se haTanA kevala AMzika hai, vivAha evaM Azauca ke lie dattaka ho jAne ke uparAnta bhI pitA kA gotra calatA rahatA hai| nirNayasindhu (3, pR0 389), dharmasindhu (3, uttarArdha, pR0 371) evaM dattakacandrikA meM yaha udghoSita hai ki dattaka rUpa meM diyA gayA putra apane putrahIna vAstavika pitA kI mRtyu para usakA zrAddha kara sakatA hai aura usakI sampatti bhI le sakatA hai| vRSotsarga (sA~Da yA baila chor3anA) ke viSaya meM katipaya sUtroM ne varNana upasthita kiyA hai, yayA zAMkhA0 gR0 (3 / 2), kauSItaki gR0 (3 / 2 yA 3 / 6 madrAsa yUni0 mAlA), kAThaka gR0 (59 / 1), pAraskara gR0 (319), viSNudharmasUtra (86 / 1-20) Adi / kucha granthoM meM pitaroM kI gAthAoM meM kucha aisI bAteM haiM, jinameM pitaroM kI abhilASA vyakta kI gayI hai"-'bahuta se putroM kI abhilASA karanI cAhie, kyoMki yadi eka bhI putra gayA jAtA hai (aura pitA kI mRtyu para zrAddhArpaNa karatA hai) yA vaha azvamedha yajJa karatA hai yA nIla (kAle raMga kA) baila chor3atA hai to aise putra vAlA vyakti saMsAra se mukti pA jAtA hai| viSNudharmasUtra (86 / 1-20) kA varNana yathAsambhava pUrNa hai aura hama use hI uddhRta karate haiM-"(yaha kRtya) kArtika yA Azvina mAsa kI pUrNimA ko kiyA jAtA hai| isake lie sarvaprathama vRSabha kI parIkSA karatI caahie| vRSama ko payasvinI (dudhArU) evaM bahuta-se jIvita bachar3oM vAlI gAya kA baccA honA cAhie, use sarvalakSaNa yukta (arthAt kisI aMga se bhaMga nahIM) honA cAhie, use nIla yA lohita raMga kA honA cAhie, usake mukha, puMcha, paira evaM sIMga zveta hone cAhie aura use yUtha (jhuNDa) ko AcchAdita karanevAlA honA cAhie (arthAt jo apanI UMcAI se anya pazuoM ko nimnazreNI meM rakha ske)| isake uparAnta use (kartA ko) gAyoM ke bIca (gozAlA meM) agni jalAkara aura usake caturdika kuza bichAkara pUSA ke lie dUdha se pAyasa taiyAra karanA cAhie aura 'pUSA hamArI gAyoM ke pIche-pIche cale' (R0 6 / 54 / 5) evaM 'yahA~ Ananda hai (vAja0 saM0 851) mantroM kA pATha karake (do ) AhutiyA~ denI cAhie; kisI lohAra (ayaskAra) ko use dAganA cAhie; eka puThe para 'cakra' aura dUsare para 'trizUla' kA cihna lagAnA caahie| isa prakAra ke aMkana ke uparAnta use (kartA ko) do mantroM (tai0 saM0 5 / 6 / 111-2) evaM pA~ca mantroM (R0 10 / 9 / 4-8) ke sAtha vRSa ko nahalAnA caahie| usako poMchakara evaM alaMkRta kara isI taraha alaMkRta cAra gAyoM ke sAtha lAnA cAhie, aura rudroM (tai0 saM0 4 / 5 / 1-11), puruSasUkta (R0 10 / 90 / 1-16) evaM kUSmANDIya (vAja0 saM0 2014-16 evaM te0 A0 10 // 3-5) mantroM kA pATha karanA caahie| isake uparAnta kartA ko vRSabha ke dAhine kAna meM 'bachar3oM ke pitA' tathA nimna mantra kahanA cAhie-'pavitra dharma vRSabha hai aura usake cAra paira haiM, maiM use bhakti ke sAtha cunatA hU~, vaha merI cAroM ora se rakSA kre| (he yuvA gauo) maiM tumheM isa vRSa ko patti ke rUpa meM detA hU~, isake sAtha ise premI mAnakara mastI se ghuumo| he soma rAjan, hameM santati kA abhAva na ho aura na zArIrika sAmarthya kI kamI ho aura na hama zatru se pachAr3a khaayeN|' taba uttara-pUrva dizA meM gAyoM ke sAtha vRSabha ko hA~kanA cAhie aura vastroM kA jor3A, sonA evaM kAMse kA pAtra purohita ko denA caahie| ayaskAra (lohAra) ko muMhamAMgA puraskAra denA cAhie aura kama-se-kama tIna brAhmaNoM ko ghRta se banA pakvAnna khilAnA caahie| usa jalAzaya 24. eSTavyA bahavaH putrA yokopi gayAM bajet / yajeta vAzvamedhena nIlaM vA vRSamutsRjet // viSNudharma0 (85 / 67), bRhaspatismRti (zloka 21), laghuzaMkha (10), matsya0 (2216), brahma0 (220 // 32-33), vAyu0 (83 / 11-12), pana0 (sRSTikhaNDa, 1268), brahmANDa0 (upodghAtapAva 19 / 11), viSNudharmottara0 (11146 / 58 evaM 13144 // 3) / matsya0 (207440) ne kahA hai ki yaha prAcIna gAthA hai aura tIsare pAda ko yoM par3hA hai-'gaurI vApyavahetkanyAm / ' milAie kUrma0 (2 / 20 / 30-31) /

Page #299
1292 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa se, jisameM putra yA kisI anya sambandhI dvArA chor3A gayA sAMDa pAnI pItA hai, pitaroM ko tRpti milatI hai| jaba bhI kabhI chor3A gayA sAMDa mastI meM Akara apane khuroM se miTTI jhAr3atA hai vaha miTTI paryApta bhojana ke rUpa meM evaM sAMDa dvArA grahaNa kiyA gayA jala pitaroM ke pAsa pahuMcatA hai|5 anuzAsanaparva (125 / 73-74) meM AyA hai ki vRSabha chor3ane (nIle raMga ke vRSabha ke utsarga) se, tila-jala ke arpaNa se evaM (varSA Rtu meM) dIpa jalAne se vyakti pitR-RNa se mukta ho jAtA hai| garuDapurANa (2 / 5 / 40 evaM 44-45) meM aisA AyA hai ki jisa mRta vyakti ke lie 11veM dina vRSotsarga nahIM hotA vaha sadA ke lie pretAvasthA meM rahatA hai, bhale hI usake lie saikar3oM zrAddha kiye jaayeN| isa purANa ne yaha bhI kahA hai ki yadi 11veM dina vRSabha na prApta ho sake to darbha, ATe yA miTTI ke baila ko pratIkAtmaka rUpa meM chor3anA caahie| bhaviSya (nirNayasindhu 3, pR0 505) ne mRtyu ke 12veM dina sAMr3a chor3ane kI vyavasthA dI hai| nirNayasindhu ne kahA hai ki darbha, piSTa evaM miTTI se banI vRSabhAkRti ke viSaya meM koI pramANa nahIM hai| Ajakala bhI sA~r3a chor3e jAte haiM, kintu unakA mUlya bar3ha jAne se paramparA meM kamI par3atI jA rahI hai| katipaya madhyakAla ke nibandhoM, yayA-pitRdayitA (pR0 84-94) rudradharakRta zrAddhaviveka (pR0 69-77), nirNayasindhu (3, pR0 595-596), zuddhiprakAza (pR0 225230), nArAyaNa bhaTTa-kRta antyeSTipaddhati Adi ne vizada varNana upasthita kiyA hai, jise hama sthAnAbhAva se yahA~ nahIM de rahe haiN| nibandhoM meM aisA AyA hai ki dAge hue sA~r3a (utsarga kiye gaye baila) ko bailagAr3I meM nahIM jotanA cAhie aura na use pakar3anA cAhie tathA usake sAtha chor3I gayI gAyoM ko bhI na to duhanA cAhie aura na gozAlA meM rakhanA caahie| mRta strI ke lie vRSotsarga nahIM honA cAhie, pratyuta binA aMkita kiye bachar3e-sahita eka gAya ko mAlA Adi se alaMkRta kara dAna de denA caahie| vRSotsarga kyoM hotA hai ? kalpanA kA sahArA liyA jAya to yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki yadi koI baila zrama se (jo ki sabhI bailoM ko karanA par3atA hai) mukta kiyA jAtA hai to mRta vyakti ke sambandhI aisA karake mRta ko paraloka meM Anandita karate haiN| becAre baila ko zrama se chuTakArA milatA hai aura vaha unmukta ho suzAnta vAtAvaraNa meM vicaraNa karatA hai, isa prakAra usakI isa mukti se mRta vyakti ko paraloka meM zAnti milatI hai ! zrAddhoM ke viSaya meM carcA karate hue eka anya zrAddha kA ullekha karanA Avazyaka hai aura vaha hai jIvabhAva yA jIvacchA jisake viSaya meM bau0 gRhazeSasUtra (3|19),liNgpuraann (2 / 45 / 8-90 zrA0pra0, pR0 363-364),kalpataru (zrA0, pR0 277-279), hemAdri (zrA0, pR0 1704-1717), zrA0pra0 (pR0 361-371) Adi meM varNana AyA hai| yaha zrAddha vyakti apanI jIvitAvasthA meM apane AtmA ke kalyANa ke lie karatA hai| isa viSaya meM baudhAyana kA ullekha sabase prAcIna hai aura hama use saMkSepa meM de rahe haiM-"vaha jo apane lie sarvocca Ananda cAhatA hai, kRSNapakSa kI trayodazI ko upavAsa karatA hai, aura usI dina mRta vyaktiyoM kI antyeSTi-kriyAoM meM prayukta honevAle sambhAroM (sAmagriyoM) ko ekatra karatA hai, yathA cha: vastra, sone kI eka suI, eka aMkuza, ruI ke sUtra se banA eka lacchA 25. nIla vRSa kA artha kaI DhaMga se lagAyA gayA hai| matspa0 (207 / 38) evaM viSNudharmottara0 (13146 / 56) meM AyA hai-'caraNAni mukhaM pucchaM yasya zvetAni gopateH / lAkSArasasavarNazca taM nIlamiti nivizet // ' ina pranyoM meM sAr3a ke zubha evaM azubha lakSaNoM kA varNana diyA huA hai| bhA0ka0 la0 (10214) ne zaunaka ko uddhRta kiyA hai-'lohito . yastu parnena mule pucche ca paannddr| zvetaH kharaviSANAmyAM sa nIlo vRSa ucyate // bhA0 pra0 evaM zu0 pra0 (pR0 226) ne ise brahmANDa0 (revAkhaNDa) kA mAnA hai|

Page #300
jIvacchrA (jIvita avasthA meM apanA zrAddha karanA) 1293 (pAza), eka phaTA-purAnA vastra, pattoM se yukta palAza kI eka TahanI, udumbara kI eka kursI, ghar3e evaM anya sAmagriyA~ dUsare dina vaha snAna karatA hai| jala ke madhya meM khar3A rahane ke uparAnta vaha bAhara Akara brAhmaNoM se nimna bAta kahalAtA hai - 'yaha zubha dina hai, (tumhAre lie) sukha evaM samRddhi bddh'e|' vaha vastroM, eka mudrikA evaM dakSiNA kA dAna karatA hai aura dakSiNAbhimukha ho ghRtamizrita khIra ( dUdha meM pakAyA huA cAvala) khAtA hai / vaha homa kI paddhati se agni prajvalita karatA hai, usake caturdik darbha bichAtA hai, usa para bhojana pakAkara usakI cAra AhutiyA~ agni meM DAlatA hai; prathama Ahuti prathama puronuvAkyA ( Amantrita karane vAlI prArthanA) ' catvAri zrRMgA' (R0 4|58 3 0 A0 10 / 10 / 2) ke pATha ke uparAnta dI jAtI hai; vaha isako yAjyA ( arpaNa ke samaya kI prArthanA) 'tridhA hitam ' ( R0 4158/4 ) kahakara detA hai| " bhAta kI dUsarI Ahuti kI 'puronuvAkyA' evaM 'yAjyA' haiM 'tatsaviturvareNyam' (R03|62|10, tai0 saM0 125 | 6|4) evaM ' yojayitrI sUnRtAnAm / ' tIsarI Ahuti kI haiM krama se 'ye catvAraH' ( tai0 saM0 5/7/2/3 ) evaM 'dve zrutI' (R0 10 88 15 evaM tai0 brA0 1/4/2 / 31 ; aura cauthI kI haiM krama se 'agne naya' (R0 1 / 189 / 1 evaM tai0 saM0 1 / 114 | 3 ) evaM 'yA tirazcI' (bR0 u0 6 / 3 / 1 ) / usake uparAnta kartA puruSasUkta ke 18 mantroM (vAja0 saM0 3111-18; te 0 A0 3 / 12 ) ke sAtha ghRtAhutiyA~ detA hai aura gAyatrI mantra ke sAtha 1008 yA 108 yA 28 ghRtAhutiyA~ detA hai / taba vaha kisI caurAhe para jAkara suI, aMkuza, phaTe paridhAna evaM phaMde vAlI DorI kisI kama UMcAI vAle brAhmaNa ko detA hai, usase 'yama ke dUta prasanna hoM' kahalAtA hai aura ghar3oM ko cAvaloM para rakhatA hai| jalapUrNa ghar3oM ke cAroM ora sUta bA~dhane ke uparAnta vaha mAnava kI AkRti banAtA hai, yathA 3 sUtoM se sira, 3 se mukha, 21 se garadana, 4 se dhar3a, do-do se pratyeka bAhu, eka se jananendriya, 5-5 se pratyeka paira, aura aisA karate hue vaha 'zraddhAspada yama prasanna ho' aisA kahatA hai| isake uparAnta kursI ko paMcagavya se dhote hue eka mAnava AkRti kRSNa mRgacarma para palAza- daloM (TahaniyoM) se banAtA hai, taba vaha ghar3e para banI AkRti meM prANoM kI pratiSThA karatA hai tathA apane zarIra ko TahaniyoM se bane zarIra para rakhakara so jAtA hai| jaba vaha uThatA hai to svayaM apane zarIra ko ghar3oM ke jala se nahalAtA hai aura puruSasUkta kA pATha karatA hai, punaH paMcagavya se snAna kara svaccha jala se apane ko dhotA hai| isake uparAnta sAyaMkAla tila evaM ghRtamizrita bhojana karatA hai| yama ke dUtoM ko prasanna karane ke lie vaha brahmabhoja detA hai| cauthe dina vaha mantroM ke sAtha AkRti ko jalAtA hai / isake uparAnta vaha 'amuka nAma evaM gotra vAle mujhe paraloka meM kalyANa ke lie piNDa; svadhA namaH' aisA kahakara jala evaM piNDa detA hai| isa prakAra usa zrAddha kRtya kA anta hotA hai| use apane lie dasa dinoM taka Azauca karanA par3atA hai, kintu anya sambandhI loga aisA nahIM karate / 11 veM dina vaha ekoddiSTa karatA hai| isa viSaya meM loga nimnalikhita zloka uddhRta karate haiM-- 'jo kaSTa meM hai use tathA strI evaM zUdra ko mantroM se apane zarIra kI AkRti jalAkara usI dina sAre kRtya karane cAhie / yahI zruti-AjJA hai / ' striyoM ke lie kRtya mauna rUpa se yA vaidika mantroM ke sAtha ( ? ) kiye jAne caahie| isI prakAra eka varSa taka prati mAsa use apanA zrAddha karanA cAhie aura 12 varSoM taka pratyeka varSa ke anta meM karanA cAhie / 26. 'puronuvAkyA' (yA kevala 'anuvAkyA' ) isalie kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki yaha yajJa ke pUrva devatA ko anukUla banAne ke lie par3hI jAtI hai ( puraH pUrva yAgAddevatAmanukUlayituM yA Rgucyate iti vyutpatyA ) / isI prakAra 'yAjyA' arpaNa kI stuti hai| isake pUrva 'ye yajAmahe' kahA jAtA hai aura isake pazcAt 'vaSaT' (uccAraNa aisA hai-- va 3 SaT) / donoM kA pATha hotA dvArA ucca svara se hotA hai| 'yAjyA' kA pATha khar3e hokara kiyA jAtA hai kintu 'puronuvAkyA' kA baiThakara / 'yojayitrI sUnutAnAm' 'codayitrI sunutAnAm' (R0 1 / 3 / 11) kA pAThAntara hai|

Page #301
1294 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa isake uparAnta banda kara denA caahie| yadi vaha svayaM aisA na kara sake to usakA putra yA anya koI sambandhI aisA kara sakatA hai| isa saMbandha meM nimna vAkya bhI uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai--uttarAdhikAriyoM ke rahate hue bhI jIvitAvasthA meM koI apanA zrAddha kara sakatA hai aura aisA vaha niyamoM ke anusAra turaMta saba kucha upasthita karake kara sakatA hai| kintu sapiNDana nahIM kara sktaa| jaisA ki Upara tithi ke viSaya meM diyA huA hai, kisI ko derI nahIM karanI cAhie, kyoMki jIvana kSaNabhaMgura hotA hai|" yaha jJAtavya hai ki bau0 gRhyazeSasUtra (3 / 22) meM jIva-bhAva kI vidhi bahuta hI saMkSipta hai, kintu usameM kaNva ke do zloka evaM viSNu kA eka zloka uddhRta hai| lagatA hai, ye kSepaka haiM, arthAt Age calakara jor3e gaye haiN| zrA0 pra0 (pR0 361-363) ne bI0 gRhyazeSasUtra (3 / 19) uddhRta kiyA hai| isane liMgapurANa ko bhI uddhRta kara vyAkhyAta kiyA hai (pR0 363-368) / liMgapurANa kI vidhi baudhAyana kI vidhi se sarvathA bhinna hai, kintu sthAnAbhAva se hama isakA ullekha nahIM kreNge| zrAddhamayUkha ne bhI vizada varNana upasthita kiyA hai| isakI do-eka bAteM de dI jA rahI haiN| 'jIva-zrAddha meM preta zabda kA prayoga kahIM bhI nahIM honA cAhie / vyakti kI AkRti 50 kuzoM se nirmita hotI hai aura dUsare vyakti dvArA 'RvyAdamagnim' (R010|16|9) mantra ke sAtha jalAyI jAtI hai| vyakti ko apanI gRhya agni yA laukika agni se dakSiNAbhimukha ho kisI nadI ke taTa para agni jalAnI cAhie, vahA~ koI gaDDhA khodanA cAhie aura pRthivI se prArthanA karanI cAhie; yaha saba usI prakAra kiyA jAnA cAhie jaisA ki vAstavika mRtyu para kiyA jAtA hai|' bambaI vizvavidyAlaya ke bhaDakamakara saMgraha meM eka zaunakakRta pANDulipi hai jisameM gadya meM jo jIvazrAddha kA varNana hai vaha baudhAyana se bhI vizada hai| isameM baudhAyana kI bahuta-sI vyavasthAe~ ullikhita haiN| anya vistAra yahA~ chor3a diye jA rahe haiN| jIvitAvasthA meM zrAddha kI vyavasthA zrAddha-sambandhI prAcIna vicAradhArA kA vilomatva mAtra hai| maulika evaM tAtvika zrAddha-sambandhI dhAraNA mRta pUrvapuruSoM kI AtmA ko santoSa denA thaa| Age calakara loga hatajJAna evaM bhrAntacitta ho gaye aura isa zrAddha ko bhI mAnyatA de baiThe ! Ajakala bhI kucha logoM ne yaha zrAddha kiyA hai, yadyapi unake putra, bhAI evaM bhatIje Adi jIvita rahe haiM aura unhoMne unakI mRtyu ke uparAnta unake zrAddha bhI kiye haiN| AzaucAvadhi ke uparAnta dUsare dina kisI brAhmaNa ko bachar3e ke sAtha gAya kA, aura vaha bhI yathAsambhava kapilA gAya kA dAna karanA eka paramparA-sI rahI hai| bahudhA kevala yahI gAya dI jAtI hai, aura baitaraNI gAya kisI priya yA sannikaTa ke sambandhI kI mRtyu ke turanta pazcAt duHkha evaM rudana ke bIca bahata kama dI jAtI hai| pahale godAna karane kI ghoSaNA kara dI jAtI hai aura taba kisI brAhmaNa ke hAtha para jala DhArA jAtA hai| taba hAtha meM kuza lekara dAtA nIce pAda-TippaNI meM likhita vacana ke sAtha godAna karatA hai| dAna lenevAlA 'oM svasti' (hA~, yaha acchA ho) dvArA uttara detA hai| taba sone yA cAMdI ke sikkoM meM dakSiNA dI jAtI hai aura brAhmaNa kahatA hai 'oM svasti', gAya kI pUMcha pakar3atA hai aura apane adhIta veda kI zAkhA ke anurUpa kAmastuti karatA hai (atharvaveda 3 / 29 / 7; te0 prA0 2 / 2 / 5 / 9 evaM te0 A0 3 / 10) / anuzAsanaparva (57 / 28-29) usa godAna kI prazaMsA karatA hai, jisameM bachar3e ke sahita kapilA gAya dI jAtI hai, jisake sIMgoM ke UparI bhAga sone se alaMkRta rahate haiM aura jisake sAtha kaoNsa kA banA dugdha 27. om / adyAzaucAnte dvitIyahi amukagotrasya pituramukapretasya svargaprAptikAmaH imAM kapilA gAM hemazRMgI raupyakhurA vastrayugacchannA kAMsyopadohA muktAlAMgUlabhUSitAM savatsAM devatyAmamukagotrAyAmukazarmaNe brAhmaNAya tubhyamahaM saMpravade / vaSara kA zrAdaviveka (pR077)|

Page #302
mRta ke lie godAna; malamAsa meM dhArAtya kA vicAra 1295 pAtra bhI diyA jAtA hai| usane yaha bhI kahA hai ki aise dAna se na kevala dAtA ko paraloka meM rakSA milatI hai, pratyuta usake putroM , prapautroM evaM kula kI sAta pIr3hiyoM taka kI rakSA hotI hai| aura dekhie anuzAsanaparva (77 / 10) jahA~ sabhI gAyoM meM sarvazreSTha kapilA gAya ke viSaya meM eka janazruti kahI gayI hai| purANoM evaM nibandhoM ne tIrthoM evaM gayA meM kiye jAnevAle zrAddhoM ke viSaya meM vistAra ke sAtha likhA hai| dekhie atri (55-58), vAyu0 (83 / 16-42), hemAdri (zrA0, pR0 1568 evaM 1575) / isa viSaya meM hama Age tIrthoM ke prakaraNoM meM likheNge| adhika mAsa yA malamAsa meM zrAddhoM kA sampAdana honA cAhie yA nahIM, isa viSaya meM bahuta kucha kahA gayA hai| yaha mAsa kaI nAmoM se prasiddha hai, yathA-malimluca (kAThakasaMhitA 38 / 14), saMsarpa yA aMhasaspAta (vAja0 saM0 7 / 30 evaM 22 / 31), malamAsa, adhimAsa / R0 (1 / 25 / 8) meM bhI yaha vidita thaa| aitareya brAhmaNa (3 / 1) meM somavikretA evaM terahaveM mAsa ko pApa ke samAna gahita mAnA gayA hai| purANoM ne isa mAsa kA puruSotama mAsa (viSNu kA mAsa) kahakara ise mAnyatA denI cAhI, kintu terahaveM mAsa ke sAtha jo bhAvanA thI vaha calatI AyI hai| gRhyapariziSTa (zrA0 ki0 ko0,1038) ne terahaveM mAsa ke viSaya meM eka sAmAnya niyama yaha diyA hai-'malimlaca nAmaka mAsa malina hai aura isakI utpatti pApa se huI hai| sabhI kAryoM ke lie yaha garhita hai, devoM evaM pitaroM ke kRtyoM ke lie yaha tyAjya hai|28 kintu isa mata ke virodha meM bhI bAteM AtI haiN| hArIta (smRti0 ca0,zrA0 374; zrA0kri0 ko0, 10 323 evaM zrAddhatattva, pa0 252) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki sapiNDana ke uparAnta jitane zrAddha Ate haiM, unakA sampAdana malimlaca meM nahIM honA caahie| vyAsa ne kahA hai ki jAtakarma, annaprAzana, navazrAddha, trayodazI evaM bhaghA ke zrAddha, SoDaza zrAddha, snAna, dAna, japa, sUrya-candra grahaNa ke samaya ke kRtya malamAsa meM bhI kiye jAne caahie| smRtimuktAphala (pR0 728) ne niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki yadi mRtyu ke pazcAt eka varSa vyatIta hone ke pUrva hI koI zrAddha kiyA jAya to usakA malamAsa meM honA doSa nahI hai| bhRgu (smRtica0, zrA0, pR0 375) kA kathana hai ki jo loga malamAsa meM marate haiM unakA sAMvatsarika zrAddha malamAsa meM hI karanA cAhie, kintu yadi koI aisA na ho (arthAt malamAsa meM na mare) to usI nAma vAle sAdhAraNa mAsa meM zrAddha karanA caahie| vRddha-vasiSTha kA kathana hai ki yadi zrAddha kI tithi malamAsa meM par3a jAya to usakA sampAdana donoM mAsoM meM karanA caahie|" malamAsa meM kyA karanA cAhie aura kyA nahIM karanA cAhie, isa para vicAra hama kAla ke prakaraNa meM 28. malimlucastu mAsovai malinaH pApasambhavaH / gahitaH pitRdevebhyaH sarvakarmasu taM tyajet ||gRhaaprishisstt (zrA0 ki0 ko0, pR0 38) / 29. jAtakarmAntyakarmANi navazrAvaM tathaiva c| maghAtrayodazIzrAddhaM zrAdhAnyapi ca SoDaza // candrasUryagrahe snAnaM zrAvaM dAnaM tayA japaH / kAryANi malamAse'pi nityaM naimittakaM tathA vyAsa (bAbatatva, pR0 283; smRtica0, zrA0 373) / 30. malamAse mRtAnAM tu zrAvaM ytprivtsrm| malamAsepi tatkArya nAnyeSAM tu kathaMcana // bhRgu (smRtica0, zrA0 375) / nirNayasindhu (3, pR0 475) kA kathana hai-'malamAsamatAnAM tu yadA sa evAdhikaH syAttadA tatraiva kAryamanyathA zusa eva / ' 31. zrAkhoyAhani samprApte adhimAso bhavedyadi / mAsadvayapi kurvIta zrAvamevaM na muhyati // savasiSTha (smRtica, zrA0, pR0 375); nirNayasindhu (pR0 13) /

Page #303
1296 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa kreNge| yadi tithi do dinoM taka calI jAya yA jaba kabhI tithi kA kSaya ho jAya to kyA karanA cAhie, isa viSaya meM bhI hama vahIM pddh'eNge| pRthvIcandrodaya jaise kucha zrAddha-sambandhI granthoM meM saMdhAtathAddha nAmaka zrAddha kA varNana AyA hai| yadi eka hI dina vibhinna kAloM meM kaI loga mRta ho jAya~ to, RSyazrRMga ke mata se, unakA zrAddha sampAdana usI kAlakrama se honA cAhie, kintu yadi eka hI kAla meM pAMca yA chaH vyakti mRta ho jAya~ (yathA nAva DUbane para yA hATa-bAjAra meM Aga laga jAne para) to zrAddha-sampAdana ke kAloM kA krama mRta-sambandhiyoM kI sannikaTatA para ( arthAt kartA se jo ati nikaTa hotA hai usakA pahale aura anyoM kA usI krama se) nirbhara rahatA hai| udAharaNArtha, yadi kisI kI patnI, putra, bhAI evaM cAcA eka hI samaya mRta ho jAya~ to sarvaprathama patnI kA, taba putra kA aura taba bhAI evaM cAcA kA zrAddha krama se karanA caahie| yadi kisI durghaTanA se pitA evaM mAtA sAtha hI mRta ho jAyeM to pitA kA pahale aura mAtA kA ( zavadAha Adi ) bAda ko karanA caahie|* yadi kisI vighna-bAdhA se zrAddha karanA asambhava ho to isake lie bhI vyavasthA dI huI hai| RSyazRMga ne isa viSaya meM kahA hai-yadi pitRzrAddha ke samaya maraNAzauca ho jAya to AzaucAvadhi ke uparAnta hI zrAddha karanA caahie| yadi ekoddiSTa ke sampAdana ke samaya koI vighna upasthita ho jAya to use dUsare mAsa meM usI tithi para karanA caahie|" yaha antima vAkya mAsika zrAddha kI ora bhI saMketa karatA hai| yadi kisI bAdhA se SoDaza zrAddhoM meM koI sthagita ho jAya to use amAvasyA ko yA usase bhI acchA kRSNapakSa kI ekAdazI ko karanA caahie| yadi maraNAzauca se mAsika zrAddha yA sAMvatsarika zrAddha meM bAdhA upasthita ho jAya to usakA sampAdana AzaucAvadhi ke uparAnta yA amAvasyA ko kiyA jAnA caahie| yahI bAta padma0 meM bhI AyI hai|" yadi vighna kartA kI rogagrastatA, sAmagriyoM ke ekatrIkaraNa kI asamarthatA yA patnI kI rajasvalA avasthA se sambandhita ho to AmazrAddha kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha jJAtavya hai ki jahAM zrAddha meM vidvAn brAhmaNa ko Amantrita karane para bala diyA gayA hai vahIM kucha smRtiyoM dvArA use vyavahRta karane meM bAdhA bhI upasthita kara dI gayI hai / yathA sapiNDana ( jo bahudhA mRtyu ke uparAnta eka varSa meM kiyA jAtA hai) ke uparAnta tIna varSoM taka zuddhatAkAMkSI vyakti ko kisI zrAddha meM bhojana nahIM karanA cAhie, prathama varSa meM zrAddha-bhojana khAne se vyakti mRta kI asthiyA~ evaM majjA khAtA hai, dUsare varSa meM usakA mAMsa, tIsare varSa meM rakta; 32. tatraikasminnahani krameNa mRtAnAM maraNakrameNakena kartrA zrAddhaM kartavyam / tadAha RSyazRMgaH / kRtvA pUrvamRtasyAdI dvitIyasya tataH punaH / tRtIyasya tataH kuryAtsaMnipAte tvayaM kramaH // bhavedyadi sapiNDAnAM yugapanmaraNaM tadA / sambandhAsattimAlocya tatkramAcchrAddhamAcaret // pRthvIcandrodaya, pAMDulipi 265; jAbAli :- pitrostu maraNaM cetsyAveka deva yada tadA / piturdAhAdikaM kRtvA pazcAnmAtuH samAcaret // vahI (pAMDulipi 266 ) / 33. veye pitRRNAM zrAddhe tu AzaucaM jAyate yadi / Azauce tu vyatikrAnte tebhyaH zrAddhaM pradIyate / ekoddiSTe tu samprApte yadi vighnaH prajAyate / mAse'nyasmiMstiyau tasyAM zrAddhaM kuryAtprayatnataH // RSyazrRMga (aparArka, pR0 561; zrA0 ki0 kau0, pR0 480; madana pArijAta pR0 618 ) / aura dekhie skanda0 (7 / 1 / 206 ) evaM garur3a0 45 / 9) / 34. mAsikAbde tu samprApte tvantarA mRtasUtake / vadanti zuddha tatkAryaM varoM vApi vicakSaNAH / SaTtriMzanmata ( aparArka, pR0 561) ; mAsikAnyu vakumbhAni zrAddhAni prasaveSu ca / pratisaMvatsaraM zrAddhaM sUtakAnantaraM viduH // ... * ekAdazyAM kRSNapakSe kartavyaM zubhamicchatA / tatra vyatikrame hetAvamAyAM kriyate tu tat // padma0 ( pAtAlakhaNDa 101 / 68 evaM 71 ) /

Page #304
saMghAta yA kramika zrAddha; zrAddhabhojana, dAna Adi na lenevAle kI prazaMsA 1297 kahIM cauthe varSa meM vaha (kucha) pavitra hotA hai| 14 dekhie parA0 mA0 (jilda 2, bhAga 1, pR0 423) jahA~ sAMvatsarika 135 zrAddha ke sAtha anya zrAddhoM meM bhojana karane para prAyazcittoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| hArIta kA kathana hai--'nava zrAddha bhojana karane para cAndrAyaNa vrata karanA caahie| mAsikazrAddha bhojana karane se prAjApatya vrata evaM prAtyabdika zrAddha meM khAne se eka dina kA upavAsa karanA caahie|' yaha usI prakAra hai jaisA ki dAna lene para hotA hai / dAtA ko dAna dene para kalyANa milatA hai, kintu dAna lenevAle ko dAna lenA cAhie ki nahIM; yaha use hI taya karanA hotA hai / brAhmaNoM ke samakSa yaha Adarza upasthita kiyA gayA hai ki vaidika vidyA evaM jJAna prApta karane para evaM tapa sAdhana karane para ve dAna grahaNa ke adhikArI to ho jAte haiM, kintu yadi va sarvocca loka kI prApti cAhate haiM to unheM dAna nahIM lenA cAhie (yAjJa0 1 / 213 ) / manu (4 / 186 ) kA bhI kathana hai ki dAna lene kA adhikArI hone para bhI brAhmaNa ko bAra-bAra vaisA nahIM karanA cAhie, kyoMki vaidika adhyayana se use jo alaukika guNa prApta ho jAte haiM ve dAnagrahaNa se naSTa ho jAte haiN| " manu (4 / 85-86 = padma0 5 / 19 / 236-237 ) kA kathana hai ki rAjA kA dAna lenA ghora (arthAt pratiphala meM bhayAnaka ) hai aura padma0 (5 / 19 / 235) ne sAvadhAna kiyA hai ki grahaNa karane meM dAna madhu ke samAna mIThA lagatA hai kintu ( phala meM) yaha viSa ke samAna hai| yaha tarka paurohitya kArya evaM zrAddha bhojana karane ke saMbaMdha meM adhika bala se prayukta kiyA jAtA hai, jahA~ na kevala dAna milate haiM pratyuta chakakara khAne ke lie svAdiSTha bhojana bhI milatA hai| hamane Upara dekha liyA hai ki atyanta prAcIna sAhityika grantha Rgveda meM AyA hai ki mRtyu ho jAne ke turanta bAda hI kI jAnevAlI antyeSTi-kriyAe~ mRta vyakti ke prati vyakta zraddhA evaM kucha sImA taka bhaya kI dyotaka haiN| ina kriyAoM ke antargata mRta vyakti ke lie vyavasthA hotI hai aura pitara ho jAne ke pUrva use eka bIca (madhya) kA zarIra diyA jAtA hai| hamane yaha bhI dekha liyA hai ki atyanta prAcIna kAla meM, jahA~ taka hameM sAhityika pramANa mila pAte haiM, pUrvapuruSoM kI pUjA ke lie kaI kRtya hote the, yathA-- pratyeka mAsa kI amAvAsyA ko kiyA jAnevAlA piNDapitRyajJa tathA zAkamedha evaM aSTakAzrAddhoM meM kiyA jAnevAlA mahApitRyajJa / kramazaH pitaroM ke kRtya adhika vistAra ke sAtha kiye jAne lage aura zrAddha-bhAvanA ke prati atizaya mahattva dikhAyA jAne lagA evaM adhika samaya, prayatna evaM dhana kA vyaya hone laga gayA / aba prazna yaha hai ki bIsavIM zatAbdI meM zrAddhoM ke viSaya meM kyA kiyA jAnA caahie| yaha dekhane meM AtA hai| ki Ajakala bahuta se brAhmaNa paJcamahAyajJa (jo prati dina kiye jAne cAhie ) bhI nahIM karate, kiMtu ve apane pitaroM ke lie kama-se-kama prati varSa zrAddha karate haiN| nimna bAta sabhI prakAra ke logoM ke lie kahI jA sakatI hai, aura yaha madhyama 35. atha zuddhazrAddhaM divodAsIyeM / sapiNDIkaraNAdUdhvaM yAvadandatrayaM bhavet / tAvadeva na bhoktavyaM kSaye'hani kadAcana... prathama sthIni majjA ca dvitIye mAMsabhakSaNam / tRtIyeM rudhiraM proktaM zrAddhaM zuddhaM caturthakamiti zrAddha kArikokteH // nirNayasindhu ( 3, pR0 475 ) / cAndrAyaNaM navazrAddhe prAjApatyaM tu mizrake / ekAhaM tu purANeSu prAyazcittaM vidhIyate // hArIta ( parA0 mA0, 21, pR0 423) / smRtiyoM ke anya niyamoM ke lie dekhie rudradharakRta zrAddha viveka ( pR0 113 ) evaM zrA0 kri0 kau0 (10345) / padma0 ( 5/10/19 ) kA kathana hai- 'navazrAddhe na bhoktavyaM bhuktvA cAndrAyaNaM caret' / 36. pratigrahasamartho'pi prasaMgaM tatra varjayet / pratigraheNa hyasyAzu brAhma tejaH prazAmyati / manu ( 4 / 186 ) / aura dekhie isI prakAra ke zloka ke lie padma0 (4 / 19 / 268) / rAjan pratigraho ghoro madhvAsvAdo viSopamaH / tad jJAyamAnaH kasmAttvaM kuruSe'smatpralobhanam // dazasUnAsamazcakrI tena tulyastato rAjA ghorastasya pratigrahaH // padma0 (5 / 19 / 235) /

Page #305
1298 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa mArga kA dyotaka hai| jo loga zrAddha karma meM vizvAsa rakhate haiM aura yaha samajhate haiM ki aisA karane se mRta ko zAnti milatI hai, unheM kama vistAra ke sAtha isakA sampAdana karanA cAhie aura manu ( 3 / 125 - 126), kUrma 0 ( 222127) evaM padma (5/9/98 ) ke zabda smaraNa rakhane cAhie, jo isa prakAra haiM--zrAddha meM adhika vyaya nahIM karanA cAhie, vizeSataH Amantrita honevAle brAhmaNoM kI saMkhyA meN| " jina logoM kA vizvAsa Adhunika bhAvanAoM evaM aMgrejI zikSA ke kAraNa hila uThA hai yA TUTa cukA hai, yA jina logoM kA karma evaM punarjanma meM aTala vizvAsa hai unheM eka bAta smaraNa rakhanI hai| zrAddha ke viSaya meM eka dhAraNA pramukha hai aura vaha prazaMsA ke yogya bhI hai, vaha hai apane priya evaM sannikaTa sambandhiyoM ke prati sneha evaM zraddhA kI bhaavnaa| varSa meM eka dina apane priya evaM nikaTa ke sambandhiyoM ko smaraNa karanA, mRta kI smRti meM sambandhiyoM, mitroM evaM vidvAn logoM ko bhojana ke lie Amantrita karanA, vidvAn kintu dhanahIna, saccaritra tathA sAde jIvana evaM ucca vicAra vAle vyaktiyoM ko dAna denA eka ati sundara AcaraNa hai| aisA karanA atIta kI paramparAoM ke anukUla hogA aura una AcaraNoM evaM vyavahAroM ko, jo Aja nirjIva evaM nirarthakase lagate haiM, punarjIvita evaM anuprANita karane ke samAna hogaa| bahuta prAcIna kAla se hamAre vizvAsa ke tAttvika dRSTikoNoM evaM dhAraNAoM ke antargata RSiyoM, devoM evaM pitaroM se sambandhita tIna RNoM kI eka mohaka dhAraNA bhI rahI hai| pitR RNa putrotpatti se cukatA hai, kyoMki putra pitaroM ko piNDa detA hai| yaha eka ati vyApaka evaM vizAla dhAraNA hai| gayA meM tilayukta jala ke tarpaNa evaM piNDadAna ke samaya jo kahA jAtA hai usase bar3hakara kauna-sI anya uccatara bhAvanA hogI ? kahA gayA hai-'mere ve pitara loga, jo pretarUpa meM haiM, tilayukta yava (jI) ke piNDoM se tRpta hoM, aura pratyeka vastu, jo brahmA se lekara tinake taka cara ho yA acara, hamAre dvArA diye gaye jala se tRpta ho / ' yadi hama isa mahAn ukti ke tAtparya ko apane vAstavika AcaraNa meM utAreM to yaha sArA vizva eka kuTumba ho jAya / ataH yugoM se saMcita jaTila bAtoM ko tyAgate jAte hue Aja ke hinduoM ko cAhie ki ve dhArmika kRtyoM evaM una utsavoM ke, jinheM loga bhrAmaka DhaMga se samajhate A rahe haiM, bhItara par3e hue sone ko na tthukraayeN| Aja bhI bahuta-se vidvAn mahAnubhAva loga apanI mAtA evaM pitA ke prati zraddhA bhAvanA ko abhivyakta karate hue zrAddha karma karate haiM / 37. dvau vaive pitRkRtye zrInekaikamubhayatra tA / bhojayedIzvaropIha na kuryAdvistaraM budhaH // padma0 (519198 ) / jAyamAno ha vai brAhmaNastribhiNava jAyate brahmacaryeNa RSibhyo yajJena devebhyaH prajayA pitRbhya eSa vA anRNo yaH putrI yajvA brahmacArivAsI / taM0 saM0 (6|3|10|5 ) ; RNamasmin saMnayatyamRtatvaM ca gacchati / pitA putrasya jAtasya pazyevejjIvatomukham / / ai0 brA0 ( 33|1) / isa viSaya meM isa grantha ke khaNDa 3, adhyAya meM likhA jA cukA hai aura hama punaH gayA zrAddha meM isa para vicAra kreNge| ye kecitpretarUpeNa vartante pitaro mama / te sarve tRptimAyAntu saktubhistilamizritaiH // AbrahmastambaparyantaM yatkiMcitsacarAcaram / mayA dattena toyena tRptimAyAtu sarvazaH // vAyu0 (110/6364) / milAie vAyu0 (110 / 21-22) evaM mettasuta (suttanipAta) /

Page #306
adhyAya 11 tIrthayAtrA sabhI dharmoM meM kucha viziSTa sthaloM kI pavitratA para bala diyA gayA hai aura vahA~ jAne ke lie dhAmika vyavasthA batalAyI gayI hai yA unakI tIrthayAtrA karane ke viSaya meM prazaMsA ke vacana kahe gaye haiN| masalamAnoM ke pA~ca vyAvahArika dhArmika kartavyoM meM eka hai jIvana meM kama-se-kama eka bAra haja karanA, yAnI makkA evaM madInA jAnA jo krama se muhammada sAhaba ke janma eva matya ke sthala haiN|' bauddhoM ke cAra tIrtha-sthala haiM; lambinI (rumminadeI), bodhagayA, sAranAtha evaM kuzInArA, jo kama se bhagavAn buddha ke janma-sthAna, sambodhi-sthala (jahA~ unheM sambodhi yA jJAna prApta huA thA), dharmacakra pravartana-sthala (jahA~ unhoMne pahalA dhArmika upadeza diyA thA) evaM nirvANasthala (jahA~ unakI mRtyu huI thI) ke nAma se prasiddha hai (dekhie mhaaprinibvaansutt)| IsAiyoM ke lie jerusalema sarvocca pavitra sthala hai, jahA~ aitihAsika kAloM meM bar3I se bar3I sainika tIrthayAtrAe~ kI gayI thiiN| sainika tIrthayAtriyoM ne apane isa punIta sthala ko musalamAnoM ke adhikAra se chInanA cAhA thaa| aisI bhayAnaka sainika tIrthayAtrAe~ kisI anya dhArmika jAti meM nahIM pAyI gayI haiN| prasiddha itihAsakAra gibbana ne nindAtmaka DhaMga se ina sainika tIrthayAtrAoM kA varNana kiyA hai| kintu itanA to mAnanA hI par3egA ki una sainika dharmayAtriyoM meM sahasroM aise the, jinhoMne apane Adarza ke paripAlana meM apanA jIvana evaM sarvasva tyAga kara diyA thaa| bhAratavarSa meM pavitra sthAnoM ne ati mahattvapUrNa yogadAna kiyA hai| vizAla evaM lambI nadiyAM, parvata evaM vana sadaiva puNyaprada evaM divya sthala kahe gaye haiN| prAcIna evaM madhyakAlIna bhArata meM tIrthayAtrAoM se samAja evaM 1. dekhie saikreDa buka Ava di IsTa (jilda 6, bhUmikA) jahA~ pA~ca kartavyoM kA ullekha hai| makkA evaM madInA kI tIrthayAtrA ko haja kahA jAtA hai aura jo musalamAna haja karatA hai use hAjI kahalAne kA adhikAra hai| 2. gimdhana ne likhA hai--'apane pAdarI ko pukAra para sahaloM kI saMkhyA meM DAkU, gRhadAhI evaM nara-ghAtI loga apanI AtmAoM ko pApamakta karane ke lie uTha khar3e hae aura adhArmikoM para vahI atyAcAra DhAhane lage jise ve svayaM apane IsAI bhAiyoM para karate the, aura pApamukti ke ye sAdhana sabhI prakAra ke aparAdhiyoM dvArA apanAye gye| dekhie DeklAina eNDa phAla Ava di romana empAyara, jilda 7 (san 1862 kA saMskaraNa), pR0 188 / 3. mahAkavi ravIndranAtha ThAkura ne apanI 'sAdhanA' meM kahA hai---'bhAratavarSa ne tIrthayAtrA ke sthaloM ko vahA~ cunA, jahA~ prakRti meM kucha viziSTa ramaNIyatA yA sundaratA thI, jisase ki usakA mana saMkIrNa AvazyakatAoM ke Upara uTha sake aura ananta meM apanI sthiti kA parijJAna kara ske| yahI kAraNa thA ki bhArata meM jahA~ eka samaya sabhI loga mAMsabhakSI the, unhoMne jIvana ke prati sArvabhauma sahAnubhUti kI bhAvanA ke saMvardhana ke lie pazu-bhojana kA parityAga kara diyA---yaha mAnavajAti ke itihAsa meM eka vilakSaNa ghaTanA hai|' Adhunika pAzcAtya logoM tathA prAcIna evaM madhya kAla ke bhAratIyoM ke dRSTikoNa meM maulika bheda hai (jo Aja bhI atyadhika mAtrA meM virAjamAna hai)| yadi

Page #307
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa svayaM tIrthayAtriyoM ko bahuta lAbha hote the| yadyapi bhAratavarSa kaI rAjyoM meM vibhAjita thA aura loga bhAMti-bhAMti ke sampradAyoM evaM upasampradAyoM ke anuyAyI the, kintu tIrthayAtrAoM ne bhAratIya saMskRti evaM deza kI mahattvapUrNa maulika ekatA kI bhAvanA ko saMvadhita kiyaa| vArANasI evaM rAmezvara ko sabhI hinduoM ne, cAhe ve uttara-bhArata ke hoM yA dakSiNa bhArata ke, samAna rUpa se pavitra mAnA hai| yadyapi hindU samAja bahuta-sI jAtiyoM meM vibhakta thA aura jAti-saMkIrNatA meM phaMsA thA, kintu tIrthayAtrAoM ne sabhI ko pavitra nadiyoM evaM sthaloM meM eka sthAna para biThalA diyaa| pavitra sthAnoM se sambandhita paramparAoM, tIrthayAtriyoM kI saMyamazIlatA, pavitra evaM dArzanika logoM ke samAgama evaM tIrthoM ke vAtAvaraNa ne yAtriyoM ko eka ucca AdhyAtmika stara para avasthita kara rakhA thA aura unake mana meM eka aisI zraddhA-bhakti kI bhAvanA bhara uThatI thI jo tIrthayAtrA se lauTane ke uparAnta bhI dIrgha kAla taka unheM anuprANita kiye rahatI thii| tIrthayAtrA karanA eka aisA sAdhana thA jo sAdhAraNa logoM ko svArthamaya jIvana-karmoM se dUra rakhane meM sahAyaka hotA thA aura unheM uccatara evaM dIrghakAlIna mahAn naitika evaM AdhyAtmika jIvana-mUlyoM ke viSaya meM socane ko uttejita karatA rahatA thaa| pavitra athavA tIrtha ke sthaloM para devoM kA nivAsa rahatA hai, ataH isa bhAvanA se utpanna spaSTa lAbha evaM vizvAsa ke kAraNa prAcIna dharmazAstrakAroM ne tIrthoM kI yAtrAoM para bala diyaa| viSNudharmasUtra (2016-17) ke anusAra sAmAnya dharma meM nimna bAteM AtI haiM-kSamA, satya, dama (mAnasa saMyama), zauca, dAna, indriya-saMyama, ahiMsA, garuzazraSA, tIrthayAtrA, dayA, Arjava (RjatA), lobhazanyatA, devabrAhmaNapUjana evaM anabhyasUyA (IrSyA se mkti)| una Adhanika logoM ko, jinheM pUrvapuruSoM ke dhArmika vizvAsoM ke kucha svarUpoM para AsthA nahIM raha gayI hai yA jinake vizvAsa tIrthoM ke paNDoM kI lobhAndhatA, ajJAnatA evaM bojhila kriyA-kalApoM ke kAraNa nissAra evaM nirarthaka se lagate haiM yA sarvathA hila-se uThe haiM, tIrthoM se sambandha rakhanevAlI prAcIna ruci athavA pravRtti ko yoM hI anagaMla nahIM samajhanA caahie| Rgveda evaM anya vaidika saMhitAoM meM 'tIrtha' zabda bahudhA prayukta huA hai| Rgveda kI katipaya uktiyoM meM 'tIrtha' zabda, aisA lagatA hai, mArga yA sar3aka ke artha meM AyA hai, yathA-'tIrthe nAryaH pauMsyAni tasthuH' (R0 1169 / 6), 'tIrthe nAcchA tAtRpANamoko' (R0 11173 / 11), 'karanna indraH sutIrthAbhayaM ca' (R0 4 / 29 / 3) / kucha sthAnoM para isakA tAtparya nadI kA sutAra (uthalA sthAna) hai, yathA-'sutIrthamarvato yathAnu no neSathA sugam' (R0 8147 / 11), 'aritraM vAM divaspRthu tIrthe sindhUnAM rathaH' (114618) / R0 (10 // 31 // 3) kI ukti tIrthe na dasmamupa yantyUmAH' meM 'tIrtha' zabda kA sambhavataH artha hai 'eka pavitra sthaan'| R0 (8 / 19 / 37) kI 'suvAstvA adhi tugvani' kI vyAkhyA meM nirukta (4 / 15) ne kahA hai ki 'suvAstu' eka nadI hai aura 'tugvana' kA artha hai 'tIrtha' (taraNa-sthAna yA pavitra sthl)| tai0 saM0 (6 / 12 / 12) meM AyA hai ki yajamAna ko tIrtha (sambhavataH pavitra sthala) kahIM koI sundara sthala hai to pazcima ke adhikAMza loga vahAM yAtriyoM ke lie hoTala-nirmANa kI bAta soceMge, kintu nahIM prAcIna evaM madhyakAlIna bhAratIya loga kisI pavitra sthala ke nirmANa kI bAta socate the| 4. kSamA satyaM damaH zaucaM daanmindriysNymH| ahiMsA guruzuzrUSA tIrthAnusaraNaM dyaa|| ArjavaM lobhazanyatvaM devabAhmaNapUjanam / anamyasUyA ca tathA dharma : sAmAnya ucyate // viSNudharmasUtra (2016-17) / dekhie viSNudharmottara (2 / 80 / 1-4) jahA~ ahiMsA, satyavacana, tIrthAnusaraNa jaise anya sAmAnya dharmoM kI sUcI dI huI hai| dekhie isa anya kA saNa 2, adhyAya 1, jahA~ zAntiparva, vAmanapurANa, brahmapurANa Adi ke uddharaNa viye hue haiN|

Page #308
tIrtha zabda kI vyAkhyA 1301 para snAna karanA caahie| tai0 saM0 (4 / 5 / 11 / 1-2 ) evaM vAja0 saM0 ( 16 / 16) meM rudroM ko tIrthoM meM vicaraNa karate hue likhA gayA hai / zAMkhAyana brAhmaNa meM AyA hai ki rAta evaM dina samudra haiM jo sabako samAhita kara lete haiM aura saMdhyAe~ (samudra ke agAdha tIrtha haiN|' tIrtha usa mArga ko bhI kahate haiM jo yajJiya sthala (vihAra) se Ane-jAne ke lie 'utkara' evaM 'cAtvAla' (gaDDhA) ke bIca par3atA hai| aura dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2 adhyAya 29 / aisA kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra mAnavazarIra ke kucha aMga, yathA dAhinA hAtha yA karNa, anya aMgoM se apekSAkRta pavitra mAne jAte haiM, usI prakAra pRthivI ke kucha sthala pavitra mAne jAte haiN| tIrtha tIna kAraNoM se pavitra mAne jAte haiM, yathA--sthala kI kucha Azcaryajanaka prAkRtika vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa, yA kisI jalIya sthala kI anokhI ramaNIyatA ke kAraNa, yA kisI tapaHpUta RSi yA muni ke vahAM (snAna karane, tapaHsAdhanA karane Adi ke lie ) rahane kAraNa | ataH tIrtha kA artha hai vaha sthAna yA sthala yA jalayukta sthAna (nadI, prapAta, jalAzaya Adi) jo apane vilakSaNa svarUpa ke kAraNa puNyArjana kI bhAvanA ko jAgrata kre| isake lie kisI Akasmika paristhiti ( yathA sannikaTa meM zAlagrAma Adi) kA honA Avazyaka nahIM hai|' aisA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve sthala jinheM budha logoM evaM muniyoM tIrthoM kI saMjJA dI, tIrtha haiM, jaisA ki apane vyAkaraNa meM pANini ne 'nadI' evaM 'vRddhi' jaise pAribhASika zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| skanda0 ( 1 / 2 / 13 / 10) ne kahA hai ki jahA~ prAcIna kAla ke sat puruSa puNyArjana ke lie rahate the, ve sthala tIrtha haiM / mukhya bAta mahAn puruSoM ke samIpa jAnA hai, tIrthayAtrA karanA to gauNa hai / ' Rgveda meM jaloM, sAmAnya rUpa se sabhI nadiyoM tathA kucha vikhyAta nadiyoM kI ora zraddhA ke sAtha saMketa kiyA gayA hai aura unheM daivika zakti-pUrNa hone se pUjArha mAnA gayA hai|" Rgveda ( 7149 ) ke cAra mantroM meM aisA AyA hai - 'tA Apo devIriha mAmavantu', arthAt 'daivI jala hamArI rakSA kareM / ' R0 (7149 / 1 ) meM jaloM ko 'punAnA:' ( pavitra karane vAle) kahA gayA hai / R0 (7/47, 10 / 9 evaM 10130 ) meM kucha aisI stutiyA~ haiM jo devatAsvarUpa jaloM ko sambodhita haiM / " ve mAnava ko na kevala zarIra rUpa se pavitra karane vAle kahe gaye haiM, pratyuta samyak mArga se haTane ke phala 5. apsu snAti sAkSAdeva dIkSAtapasI avarundhe tIrthe snAti / tai0 saM0 (6|1|1|1-2 ) / isa ukti ke vivecana ke lie dekhie jaimini0 ( 3 / 4 / 14 - 16) / 6. samudro vA eSa savaMharo yadahorAtre tasya haite agAdhe tIrthe yatsandhye tadyathA agAdhAmyAM tIrthAmyAM samudramatIyAttAvRk tat / zAM0 brA0 (229) / 7. te antareNa cAtvAlotkarA upaniSkrAmanti taddhi yajJasya tIrthamApnAnaM nAma / zAM0 brA0 ( 18/9 ) / 8. yathA zarIrasyoddezAH kecinmedhyatamAH smRtAH / tathA pRthivyA uddezAH kecit puNyatamAH smRtAH // prabhAvAvadbhutAd bhUmeH salilasya ca tejsaa| parigrahAnmunInAM ca tIrthAnAM puNyatA smRtA // padma0 ( uttarakhaNDa, 23725-27); skanda0 (kAzIkhaNDa, 6 / 43-44 ) ; nAradIyapurANa (2 / 62 / 46-47) / ye zloka kalpatara (tIrtha, pR0 7-8) dvArA mahAbhArata ke kahe gaye haiM; inheM tIrthaprakAza ( pR010) ne bhI uddhRta kiyA hai| aura dekhie anuzAsanaparva (108 / 16-18) / 9. mukhyA puruSayAtrA hi tIrthayAtrAnuSaM gataH / sadbhiH samAzrito bhUpa bhUmibhAgastathocyate // skanda0 ( 12 13 / 10) : yaddhi pUrvatamaiH sadbhiH sevitaM dharmasiddhaye / taddhi puNyatamaM loke santastIrthaM pracakSate // skanda0 ( pRthvIca0, pANDulipi 135) / 10. Rgveda meM ullikhita nadiyoM ke lie dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 1 / 11. ivamApaH pravahata yatkiM ca duritaM mayi / yadvAhamabhidudroha yadvA zerpA utAnRtam // R0 (10 / 9 / 8 ) /

Page #309
1302 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa svarUpa saMcita doSoM evaM pApoM se chuTakArA dene ke lie bhI unakA AhvAna kiyA gayA hai| tai 0 saM0 (2 / 6 / 8 / 3) ne udghoSa kiyA hai ki sabhI devatA jaloM meM kendrita haiM (Apo vai sarvA devtaaH)| atharvaveda (1 / 33 / 1) meM jaloM ko zuddha evaM pavitra karanevAle kahA gayA hai aura sukha dene ke lie unakA AhvAna kiyA gayA hai| Rgveda (5 / 53 / 9, 10.6419 evaM 10 / 75 / 5-6) meM lagabhaga 20 nadiyoM kA AhvAna kiyA gayA hai|" R0 (10 / 10418) meM indra ko devoM evaM manuSyoM ke lie 99 bahatI huI nadiyoM ko lAnevAlA kahA gayA hai| 99 nadiyoM ke lie dekhie R0 (1 / 32 / 14) / R0 (10 / 64 / 8) meM sAta kI tigunI (arthAt 21) nadiyoM kI carcA hai aura usake Age vAlI RcA meM sarasvatI, sarayU evaM sindhu nAmaka tIna nadiyoM ko daivI evaM mAtAoM ke rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| sAyaNa ke mata se ve tInoM nadiyAM sAta-sAta ke tInoM daloM meM pRthak rUpa se (eka-eka dala ke lie) mukhya haiN| R0 (1132 / 12, 1 // 3418, 1135 / 8, 2 / 12 / 12, 4 / 28 / 1, 8 / 24 / 27 evaM 10 / 43 / 3) meM sAta sindhaoM kA ullekha hai| atharvaveda, (6 / 2 / 1) meM bhI aisA AyA hai--'apAM napAt sindhavaH sapta paatn|' sarasvatI ke lie tIna stutiyAM kahI gayI haiM (R0 6 / 61 tathA 7 / 95 evaM 96) aura anya RcAoM meM bhI isakA ullekha huA hai| R0 (7 / 92 / 2) meM AyA hai ki kevala sarasvatI hI, jo parvatoM se bahatI huI samudra kI ora jAtI hai, anya nadiyoM meM aisI hai jisane nAhuSa kI prArthanA sunI aura use svIkAra kiyaa| sarasvatI ke taToM para eka rAjA evaM kucha loga rahate the (R0 8 / 21 / 18) / " 12. hiraNyavarNAH zucayaH pAvakA yAsu jAtaH savitA yaasvgniH| yA agni gabhaM dadhire suvarNAstA na ApaH zaMsyonA bhavantu // atharva0 (1 // 33 // 1) / 13. imaM me gaMge yamune sarasvati zutudri stomaM sacatA phssnnyaa| asiknyA marudvadhe vitastayA'rjIkIye zRNuhyA suSomayA // tuSTA mayA prathamaM yAtave sataHsusA rasayA zvetyA tyA / tvaM sindho kubhayA gomatI kumuM mehattvA sarathaM yaabhiriiyse|| R0 (10755-6) / 14. dekhie jarnala Ava di DipArTameNTa Ava leTarsa, kalakattA yUnivarsiTI, jilda 15, pR0 1-63, jahA~ yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki sarasvatI vAstava meM sindhu nadI hI hai| kintu yaha kathana aMgIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| sarasvatI, sarayU evaM sindhu kA varNana R0(10|64|9)meN nadiyoM ke tIna daloM kI pramukha nadiyo ke rUpa meM huA hai| pro0 kSetrezacandra caTTopAdhyAya ne vidvAnoM ke mata-matAntaroM kI ora saMketa karate hue svIkAra kiyA hai (pR0 22) ki Rgveda ke 10veM maNDala meM sarasvatI ko hama sindhu nahIM kaha sakate evaM R0 (3 / 23 / 4) meM sarasvatI ko sindhu nahIM kahA jA sakatA, phira nizcayapUrvaka kahA hai ki 6The evaM 7veM maNDaloM meM sarasvatI sindhu hI hai kintu 103 maNDala meM nhiiN| sArA kA sArA tarka katipaya aprAmANika dhAraNAoM ke prayoga se dUSita kara diyA gayA hai| unhoMne Adhunika sarasvatI kI sthitiyoM ko Arambhika vaidika kAla meM bhI jyoM kA tyoM mAnA hai| isa kathana ke virodha meM ki prAcIna kAla meM sarasvatI utanI hI vizAla evaM vizada thI jitanI ki Adhunika sindhu hai aura bhUcAla yA jvAlAmukhI upadravoM ke kAraNa vaha atIta kAla meM apanA svarUpa kho baiThI, kauna se tarka upasthita kiye jA sakate haiM? Age yaha bhI pUchA jA sakatA hai ki 6The evaM 7veM maNDaloM ke praNayana meM tathA R0 (312314) evaM R0 (1075 / 5) ke praNayana meM kitanI zatAbdiyoM kA antara unhoMne vyakta kiyA hai| yaha kahane meM koI kaThinAI nahIM hai ki RgvedIya kAla meM sindhu evaM sarasvatI nAmaka do vizAla nadiyAM thiiN| isa viSaya meM vistAra ke sAtha yahA~ varNana upasthita karanA kaThina hai| purANoM meM sarasvatI ko eka plakSa vRkSa se nikalI huI mA gayA hai, kurukSetra se gujaratI huI kahA gayA hai aura sahasroM pahAr3iyoM ko tor3atI-phor3atI dvaita vana meM praveza karatI huI darzAyA gayA hai| dekhie vAmanapurANa (32|1-4)--'saissaa zailasahasrANi vidArya ca mhaandii| praviSTA puNyatoyaiSA vanaM dvaitamiti zrutam // '

Page #310
sarasvatI nadI evaM usake prAcIna tIrtha 1303 pracaNDa evaM garjanayukta sarasvatI kI bAr3hoM aura zaktizAlI uttAla taraMgoM se pahAr3iyoM ke zikhara tor3atI huI isa nadI kA ullekha R0 (6 / 61 / 2 evaM 8) meM huA hai| " R0 (7/96 / 1 ) meM sarasvatI ko nadiyoM meM amurgA (daivI utpatti vAlI ) kahA gayA hai / dRSadvatI, ApayA evaM sarasvatI ke kinAre yajJoM kA sampAdana bhI huA thA ( R0 3 / 23 / 4) / R0 (2 / 41 / 16) meM sarasvatI ko nadiyoM evaM deviyoM meM zreSTha kahA gayA hai ( ambitame nadItame devitame sarasvati ) / R0 (1 / 3 / 11-12) ne sarasvatI kI prazaMsA nadI evaM devI ke rUpa meM pAvaka ( pavitra karanevAlI), madhura evaM satyapUrNa zabdoM ko kahalAnevAlI, sadvicAroM ko jagAnevAlI aura apanI bAr3hoM kI ora dhyAna jagAnevAlI kahate hue kI hai| " R0 (7/95/2, 7149/2 evaM 1 / 71 / 7 ) se yaha spaSTa hai ki RgvedIya RSigaNa ko yaha bAta jJAta thI ki sAta nadiyA~ samudra meM giratI haiN| yaha kahanA ucita hI hai ki sAta nadiyA~ nimna thIM- sindhu, paMjAba kI pA~ca nadiyA~ evaM sarasvatI / ina uktiyoM se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki una dinoM Rgveda ke kAla meM sarasvatI eka vizAla - pUrNa nadI thI, vaha yamunA evaM zutudri ( 10/75/5 ) ke bIca se bahatI thI aura phira brAhmaNa-granthoM ke kAla meM retIle sthaloM meM antahita ho gyii| bahudhA Aja use sarasutI nAma se pukArate haiM jo bhaTanera ke pAsa marubhUmi meM samA jAtI hai / vAja0 saM0 (34 / 11) kA kahanA hai ki pAMca nadiyAM apanI sahAyaka nadiyoM ke sAtha sarasvatI meM milatI haiM / " prAcIna kAla meM sArasvata nAmaka tIna satra hote the, yathA-- ( 1 ) mitra evaM varuNa ke sammAna meM, ( 2 ) indra evaM mitra ke lie tathA (3) aryamA ke lie / jahA~ sarasvatI pRthivI meM samA gayI usake dakSiNI sUkhe taTa para dIkSA ( kisI yajJa yA kRtya ke lie niyama grahaNa) kA sampAdana hotA thaa|" prathama, dvitIya evaM tRtIya sArasvata satroM ke lie dekhie tANDya 15. iyaM zuSmebhivikhA ivArujatsAnu girINAM taviSebhirumabhiH / R0 ( 6 / 61 / 2 ) ; yasyA ananto ahrutastveSazcariSNurarNavaH / amazcarati roruvat // R0 (6061 / 8) nirukta (2023) meM AyA hai--' tatra sarasvatI ityetasya navIvat devatAvacca nigamA bhavanti', aura isane yaha bhI kahA hai ki R0 (6 / 6112 ) meM sarasvatI nadI ke rUpa meM varNita hai| 16. codayitrI sUnRtAnAM cetantI sumatInAm / yajJaM dadhe sarasvatI // maho arNaH sarasvatI pra cetayati ketunA / R0 (1 / 3 / 11-12) / dekhie nirukta (11 / 27) / 17. paJca nadyaH sarasvatImapi yanti sastrotasaH / sarasvatI tu paJcadhA so deze'bhavatsarit // vAja0 saM0 ( 34 / 11) / 1 18. sarasvatyA vinazane dIkSante / ..dRSadvatyA apyaye'ponaptrIyaM caruM nirUpyAthAtiyanti / catuzcatvArizAdInAni sarasvatyA vinazanAt plakSaH prAtravaNastAvaditaH svargo lokaH sarasvatIsaMmitenAdhvanA svargalokaM yanti / ... yadA plakSaM prAtravaNamAgacchantyayotthAnam / kArapacavaM prati yamunAmavabhRthamabhyavayanti / tANDya 0 ( 2511011, 15, 16, 21 evaM 23) / manu (2 / 17) ne brahmAvarta ko sarasvatI evaM dRSadvatI ke bIca kI bhUmi mAnA hai aura madhyadeza ( 2021) ko himAlaya evaM vindhya parvatoM ke bIca mAnA hai, jo vinazana ke pUrva evaM prayAga ke pazcima hai| vinazana ke lie dekhie bau0 dha0 sU0, vanaparva evaM zalyaparva ( isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 1) / DA0 DI0 Ara0 pATila ne apane grantha 'kalcarala hisTrI Ava vAyupurANa' ( pR0 334 ) meM kahA hai ki tIrthayAtrA kI prathA kA Arambha bauddhoM evaM jainoM dvArA kiyA gayA aura yaha Age calakara bhArata ke sabhI dharmoM meM pracalita ho gyii| kiMtu yaha sarvathA bhrAmaka bAta hai / brAhmaNoM evaM zrautasUtroM se spaSTa hotA hai ki bhArata ke apekSAkRta choTe bhUmi-bhAga meM yamunA taka tIrthasthAna ye jahA~ sArasvata satroM kA pracalana thA / tIrthasthAnoM kI mahattA, unakI yAtrA karanA aura vahA~ dhArmika kRtyoM kA sampAdana brAhmaNa-kAla meM vidita thA jo bauddha dharma evaM jaina dharma ke pracalana se kama-se-kama eka sahasra varSa pahale kI bAta hai /

Page #311
1304 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa brAhmaNa (ke kramazaH 25 / 10, 25/11 evaM 25 / 12 aMza ) / vinazana evaM plakSa - prAsravaNa ( jo sarasvatI kA udgamasthala hai) ke bIca kI bhUmi sArasvata satra ke lie sarvottama bhUmi thI / sarasvatI evaM dRSadvatI ke saMgama (pazcima prayAga ) para 'apAM napAt' iSTi kA sampAdana hotA thA, jisameM pakva cAvala ( caru) kI Ahuti dI jAtI thii| sarasvatI ke antahita ho jAnevAle sthala se lekara plakSa - prAsravaNa kI dUrI itanI thI jise ghor3e para baiThakara 40 dinoM meM taya kiyA jAtA thaa| jaba satra ke sampAdana kartA plakSa - prAsravaNa taka pahu~ceM taba unheM satra ke kRtyoM kA sampAdana banda kara denA cAhie aura yamunA nadI meM, jo kArapacava deza se hokara bahatI hai, avabhRtha snAna karanA cAhie ( na ki sarasvatI meM, cAhe usameM jala ho taba bhI nahIM ) / vistAra ke lie dekhie kAtyAyana zrautasUtra ( 10 / 15 - 19), jisane kurukSetra meM 'parINa: ' nAmaka sthala kA ullekha kiyA hai ( 10 / 19 / 1), jahA~ vaidika agniyA~ sthApita hotI thIM (arthAt jahA~ zrauta yajJa kiye jAte the ) ; Azva0 zrI0 sU0 (1226 / 1-28), jisane itanA jor3a diyA hai ki vinazana se pheMkI gayI eka zamyA kI dUrI para yajamAnoM dvArA eka dina bitAyA jAtA thA; kAtyAyanazrau0 sU0 (24/5 - 6 ), jisameM AyA hai ki dRSadvatI evaM sarasvatI ke saMgama para agni kAma kI iSTi kI jAtI hai; Apa0 zrI0 sU0 ( 23 / 12-13 ), jisameM pahale ke ullikhita tIna sUtroM se adhika vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| aitareya brAhmaNa ( 811 ) meM eka gAthA AyI hai - " RSiyoM ne sarasvatI ke taTa para eka satra kiyA, unake bIca meM baiThA huA kavaSa nikAla bAhara kiyA gayA, kyoMki vaha brAhmaNa nahIM thA balki dAsIputra thA / use bAhara nikAlakara marubhUmi meM isalie DAla diyA gayA ki vaha pyAsa se tar3apa-tar3apakara mara jAya / kintu usane RR 0 (10/30 pra devatrA brahmaNe ) ke sUkta pATha ke rUpa meM jala yA 'apAM napAt' kI stuti gAyI (R0 ke isa mantra ko 'aponaptrIya' kahA jAtA hai) jisase sarasvatI vahA~ daur3akara A gayI jahA~ kavaSa khar3A thA aura usa sthAna ko ghera liyaa| usa sthAna ko usake pazcAt 'parisaraka' kahA gayA / """ isase prakaTa hotA hai| ki aitareya brAhmaNa ke kAla meM tathA usake bahuta pahale hI sarasvatI sUkha gayI thI / devala ne kaI sthAnoM ko sArasvata tIrthoM ke nAma se pukArA hai| " meM R0 (8|6|28) meM sambhavataH kahA gayA hai ki parvatoM kI ghATiyAM evaM nadiyoM ke saMgama pavitra haiN| prAcIna logoM ne parvatoM ko deva-nivAsa mAnA hai| yUnAna meM DelphI ke uttara ke parnasisa ko pavitra parvatoM meM ginA jAtA thA aura olimpasa ko devoM kA ghara mAnA jAtA thaa| Rgveda parvata ko indra kA saMyukta devatA kahA gayA hai - 'he indra evaM parvata, Apa loga hameM (hamArI buddhi ko ) pavitra kara deM (R0 1 / 122 / 3 ) ; 'he indra evaM parvata, Apa donoM yuddha meM Age hokara apane vajra se senA lekara AkramaNa karanevAloM ko mAra DAleM' (R0 1 / 132 / 6) / Rgveda ( 6 / 49 / 14 ) meM eka stuti pRthak rUpa se parvata ko bhI sambodhita hai- 'devatA ahirbudhnya, parvata evaM savitA hamArI stutiyoM ke kAraNa jaloM ke sAtha bhojana deN|' R0 ( 3 / 33 / 1) meM vipAzA ( Adhunika vyAsa) evaM zutudrI ko 19. yaha jJAtavya hai ki vanaparva (adhyAya 83 ) ne kurukSetra meM avasthita sarasvatI ke katipaya tIrthoM kA ullekha karate hue saraka nAmaka prasiddha tIrtha kI carcA kI hai jo tIna karor3a tIrthoM kI pavitratA ko apane meM samAhita karatA thA (zloka 75-76) / yaha saraka, lagatA hai, sarasvatI kA parisaraka tIrtha hI hai / 20. plakSatravaNaM vRddhakanyAkaM sArasvatamAdityatIrthaM kauberaM vaijayantaM pRthUdakaM naimizaM vinazanaM vaMzodbhedaM prabhAsamiti sArasvatAni / devala ( tIrthakalpataru, pR0 250 ) / 21. upahvare girINAM saMgathe ca nadInAm / ghiyA vipro ajAyata // R0 (8 / 6 / 28) / vAja0 saM0 (26 / 15) ne 'saMgame' par3hA hai| 1

Page #312
jalAzaya, vana, kula-parvata Adi puNyasthala 1305 parvatoM kI goda se nikalate hue kahA gayA hai / yahA~ parvata' zabda sAdhAraNa artha meM AyA hai| atharvaveda (4 / 9 / 9) ne himAlaya kI kakuda nAmaka coTiyoM se nikale hue aJjana kA ullekha kiyA hai-'vaha aJjana, jo himAlaya kI vaikakuda nAmaka coTiyoM se nikalatA hai,sabhI mAyAkAroM evaM mAyAviniyoM (DAkiniyoM) ko naSTa kara de|' hiraNyakezi gA0 (103 / 115) ne bhI isa aJjana kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| gautama, bau0 dha0 sU0 evaM vasiSThadharmasUtra meM bhI vahI sUtra AyA hai ki ve sthAna (deza) jo punIta haiM aura pApa ke nAzaka haiM, ve haiM parvata, nadiyA~, pavitra sarovara, tIrtha-sthala, RSi-nivAsa, gozAlA evaM devoM ke mNdir|2 vAyu0 (77.117) evaM kUrmapurANa (2137 / 49-50) kA kathana hai ki himAlaya ke sabhI bhAga punIta haiM, gaMgA sabhI sthAnoM meM puNya (pavitra) hai, samudra meM giranevAlI sabhI nadiyA~ puNya haiM aura samudra sarvAdhika pavitra hai| padma0 (bhUmikhaNDa 39 / 46-47) kA kathana hai ki sabhI nadiyA~, cAhe ve grAmoM se yA vanoM se hokara jAtI haiM, punIta haiM aura jahA~ nadiyoM ke taTa kA koI tIrthanAma na ho use viSNutIrtha kahanA caahie| kAlidAsa ne kumArasambhava (111) 22. sarve ziloccayAH sarvAH savantyaH puNyA hradAstIrthAnyaSinivAsA goSThapariskandA iti deshaaH| gau0 (19 / 14), vasiSTha0 (22 // 12) evaM bau0 50 sa0 (3 / 10 / 12, jisameM 'RSiniketanAni goSThapariSkandA iti0' pAThAntara AyA hai)| 23. sabaM puNyaM himavato gaMgA puNyA ca sarvataH / samudragAH samudrAzca sarve puNyAH smnttH||vaayu0 (77 / 1 / 17); sarvatra himavAn puSyo gaMgA....ntataH / nadyaH samudragAH puNyAH samudrazca vishesstH|| kUrma0 (2 / 37 / 4950) / 'rAjA samastatIryAnAM sAgaraH saritAM ptiH|' nAradIya0 (uttara 58119) / sarveprasravaNAH puNyAH sarve puNyAH shiloccyaaH| nadyaH puNyAH sadA sarvA jAhnavI tu vizeSataH // zaMkha (8 / 14 jisameM 'sarAMsi ca ziloccayAH' pATha AyA hai); tIrthaprakAza (1.0 14) / sarvAH samudragAH puNyAH sarve puNyA ngottmaaH| sarvamAyatanaM puNyaM sarve puNyA bnaashrmaaH|| (tIrthakalpa0, pu0 250); papa0 (4193-46) meM bhI ye hI zabda Aye haiM, kevala 'varAzrayAH' pATha-bheda hai| bar3e-bar3e parvata, jinheM kulaparvata kahA jAtA hai, sAmAnyataH ye haiM--mahendro malayaH sadyaH shuktimaankssprvtH| vindhyazca pAriyAtrazca saptAtra kulprvtaaH|| kUrma0 (1 / 47 / 23 / 24), vAmana0 (13 // 14-15); kintu vAyu0 (1985), matsya0 (113 / 10-1) evaM brahma (18016) ne unheM bhinna rUpa se parigaNita kiyA hai| bArhaspatyasUtra (3 / 81) meM AyA hai-'tatrApi raivatakavindhyasahyakumAramalayazrIparvatapAriyAtrAH sapta kulaaclaaH|' nIlamatapurANa (57) meM aisA AyA hai-'mahendro ....RkSavAnapi / vindhyazca pAriyAtrazca na vinazyanti prvtaaH||' viSNudharmottara0 (3 / 174) ne 9 parvatoM ke nAma liye haiM--himavAndemakaTazca niSadhonIlaeva ca / zvetazca zrRMgavAna merurmaalyvaangndhmaadnH| navaMtAna zailanapatInavamyAM puujyennrH||' (prvtaassttmiivt)| brahmANDa0 (2 / 16-39) evaM vAya0 (45 / 108) ne samadra meM giranevAlI nadiyoM ke viSaya meM yoM likhA hai-'tAstu nadyaH sarasvatyaH sarvA gaMgAH smudrgaaH| vizvasya mAtaraH sarvA jagatpApaharAH smRtaaH||' kucha purANoM meM kucha vizAla nadiyAM kucha kAloM meM vizeSa rUpa se pavitra kahI gayI haiM, yathA-devIpurANa (kalpa0, tIrtha, pR0242) meM AyA hai-'kArtike grahaNaM zreSThaM gaMgAyamunasaMgame / mArge tu grahaNaM puNyaM devikAyAM mhaamune||pausse tu narmadA puNyA mAghe sannihitA shubhaa| phAlgune varaNA khyAtA caitre puNyA srsvtii|| vaizAkhe tu mahApuNyA candrabhAgA saridvarA / jyeSThe tu kauzikI puNyA ASADhe tApikA ndii||shraavnne sindhunAmA ca bhAdramAse ca gnnddko| Azvine sarayUzcava bhUyaH puNyA tu narmadA // godAvarI mahApuNyA candre rAhusamanvite // ' viSNudharmasUtra (85) meM AyA hai-'evamAdiSvathAnyeSu toryeSu saridvarAsu sarveSvapi svabhAveSu pulineSu prasravaNeSu parvateSu nikuJjeSu vaneSUpavaneSu gomayalipteSu mnojessu|'

Page #313
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa meM himAlaya ko devatAtmA (devoM ke nivAsa se sajIva) kahA hai| bhAgavata (5 / 19-16) ne punIta parvatoM ke 27 evaM brahmANDa (2 / 16 / 20-23) ne 30 nAma diye haiN| himAcchAdita parvatoM, prANadAyinI vizAla nadiyoM evaM bar3e vanoM kI saundaryazobhA evaM garimA sabhI logoM ke mana ko magdha kara letI hai aura yaha socane ko prerita karatI hai ki unameM koI daivI satA hai aura aise pariveza meM parama brahmA AMzika rUpa meM abhivyaMjita rahatA hai| Adhanika kAla meM proTesTeMTa yaropa evaM amerikA meM kadAcita hI koI vyakti tIrthayAtrA karatA ho| hA~, isake sthAna para vahA~ ke loga vizrAma karane, svAsthya-lAbha ke lie, prAkRtika zobhA ke darzanArtha evaM saMkula jIvana se haTakara khule vAtAvaraNa meM bhramaNArtha Ate-jAte haiN| kintu Aja bhI tIrthasthAna meM roga-nivAraNArtha jAnA dekhane meM AtA hai| DA0 aleksisa kairela, jo eka prasiddha zalya-cikitsaka etaM nobela puraskAra-vijetA haiM, ke grantha 'e jarnI Tu lauDesa' meM phrAMsa meM sthita laurDasa meM prakaTa hA camatkAroM ke varNana se pazcima ke logoM meM tIrthayAtrA ke viSaya meM eka nayI manovatti kA prAdurbhAva huA hai| isI prakAra gata do mahAyaddhoM meM mAre gaye ajJAta zahIdoM kI samAdhiyoM kI tIrthayAtrA bhI ina dinoM Arambha ho gayI hai| R0 (10114661) meM vizAla vana (araNyAnI) ko devatA ke rUpa meM sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| vAmanapurANa (3413-5) ne kurukSetra ke sAta vanoM ko puNyaprada evaM pApahArI kahA hai jo ye haiM--kAmyakavana, aditivana, vyAsavana, phalakIvana, sUryavana, madhuvana evaM puNyazItavana / / sUtroM evaM manusmRti tayA yAjJa jaisI prAcIna smRtiyoM meM tIrthoM kA koI mahattvapUrNa sthiti nahIM darzAyI gayI hai| kintu mahAbhArata evaM purANoM meM unakI mahimA gAyI gayI hai aura unheM yajJoM se bar3hakara mAnA gayA hai| vanaparva (82 / 13-17) meM devayajJoM evaM tIrthayAtrAoM kI tulanA kI gayI hai; yajJoM meM bahuta-se pAtroM, yantroM, saMbhAra-saMcayana, purohitoM kA sahayoga, patnI kI upasthiti Adi kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, ata: unakA sampAdana kevala rAjakumAroM yA dhanika logoM dvArA hI sambhava hai| nirdhanoM dvArA, vidhuroM, asahAyoM, mitravihInoM dvArA unakA sampAdana sambhava nhiiN| tIrthayAtrA dvArA jo puNya prApta hote haiM ve agniSToma jaise yajJoM dvArA, jinameM purohitoM ko adhika dakSiNA denI par3atI hai, prApta nahIM ho sakate; ataH tIrthayAtrA yajJoM se uttama hai| kintu vanaparva (82 / 9-12) evaM anuzAsanaparva (108 / 3-4) ne tIrthayAtrA se pUrNa puNya prApta karane ke lie ucca naitika evaM AdhyAtmika guNoM para bahuta bala diyA hai| aisA kahA gayA hai--jisake hAtha, pA~va, mana susaMyata haiM, jise vidyA, tapa evaM kAti prApta hai vahI tIrthayAtrA se (pUrNa) phala prApta 24. zRNu sapta vanAnIha kurukSetrasya mdhytH| yeSAM nAmAni puNyAni sarvapApaharANi ca // kAmyakaM ca vanaM punnym| vAmanapurANa (34 // 3-5) / 25. RSibhiH RtavaH proktA deveSviva yathAkramam / phalaM caiva yathAtathyaM pretya ceha ca srvshH|| na te zakyA daridreNa yajJAH prAptuM mahIpate / bahUpakaraNA yajJA naanaasmbhaarvistraaH||praapynte pArthivaretaiH samRddha naraH kvacit / nAryanyUna vgnnrekaatmbhirsaadhnaiH|| yo daridvairapi vidhiH zakyaH prAptuM narezvara / tulyo yajJaphalaiH puNyastaM nibodha yudhAM vr||RssiinnaaN paramaM guhyamidaM bharatasattama |tiirthaabhigmnN puNyaM yajJairapi viziSyate ||mhaabhaart|(vnprv 82 // 13-17); tIrthakalpataru (pR0 37); tIrthapra0 (pR0 12) ne vyAkhyA kI hai--avagaNaiH takSAdisahAyarahitaH, yajJasya kuNDamaNDapAdisAdhyatvAt, ekAtmabhiH patnIrahitaiH, asaMhataiH RtvigaadisNghaatrhitH| aura dekhie anuzAsanaparva (107 / 2-4), matsyapurANa (112 / 12-15), padmapurANa (AdikhaMDa, 11 / 14-17 evaM 49 / 12-1) evaM viSNudharmotarapurANa (33273 / 4-5) /

Page #314
tIrtha-phala ke lie bhAdanA-zuddhi evaM saMyama kI mukhyatA 1307 kara sakatA hai| jo pratigraha (dAna grahaNa Adi) se dUra rahatA hai, jo kucha mila jAya usase santuSTa rahatA hai evaM ahaMkAra se rahita hai, vaha tIrthaphala prApta karatA hai| jo akalkaka (pravaJcanA yA kapaTAcaraNa se dUra) hai, nirArambha hai (arthAt dhana kamAne ke lie bhA~ti-bhAMti ke udyogoM se nivRtta hai), laghvAhArI (kama khAnevAlA) hai, jitendriya hai arthAt jo apanI indriyoM ke saMyama dvArA pApakarmoM se dUra rahatA hai, aura vaha bhI jo akrodhI hai, satyazIla hai, dRDhavratI hai, apane samAna hI anyoM ko jAnane-mAnane vAlA hai, vaha tIrthayAtrAoM se pUrNa phala prApta karatA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki jinheM ye vizeSatAe~ nahIM prApta haiM ve tIrthayAtrA dvArA pApoM kA nAza kara sakate haiM kintu jo ina guNoM se yukta haiM ve aura bhI adhika puNyaphala prApta karate haiN| skanda0 (kAzIkhaNDa 6|3)ne dRDhatApUrvaka kahA hai--'jisakA zarIra jala se sikta hai use kevala itane se hI snAna kiyA huA nahIM kaha sakate ; jo indriyasaMyama se sikta hai (arthAt usameM DUbA huA hai), jo punIta hai, sabhI prakAra ke doSoM se mukta evaM kalaMkarahita hai, kevala vahI snAta (snAna kiyA huA) kahA jA sakatA hai|' yahI bAta anuzAsanaparva (10819) meM bhI kahI gayI hai|" vAyupurANa meM AyA hai-'pApakarma kara lene para yadi dhIra (daDhasaMkalpa yA buddhimAn), zraddhAvAna evaM jitendriya vyakti tIrthayAtrA karane se zuddha ho jAtA hai, to usake viSaya meM kyA kahanA jisake karma zuddha haiM ? kiMtu jo azraddhAvAn hai, pApI hai, nAstika hai, saMzayAtmA hai (arthAt tIrthayAtrA ke phaloM evaM vahA~ ke kRtyoM ke prati saMzaya rakhatA hai) aura jo hetudraSTA (vyartha ke tarkoM meM lagA huA) hai ye pA~coM tIrthaphalabhAgI nahIM hote| 28 skanda0 (1 / 1 / 31 / 37) kA kathana hai ki punIta sthAna (tIrtha), yajJa evaM bhA~tibhAMti ke dAna mana kI zaddhi ke sAdhana haiM.(arthAt inase pApa kaTate haiN)| padma0 (418019) meM AyA hai-'yajJa, vrata, 26. yasya hastau ca pAdau ca manazcaiva susaMyatam / vidyA tapazca kIrtizca sa tIrthaphalamaznute // parigrahAdupAvRttaH santuSTo yena kenacit / ahaMkAranivRttazca sa tIrthaphalamaznute // akalkako nirArambho ladhvAhAro jitendriyaH / vimuktaH sarvapApebhyaH sa tIrthaphalamaznutaM / / akrodhanazca rAjendra satyazIlo dRDhavrataH / Atmopamazca bhUteSu sa tIrthaphalamaznute // vanaparva (82 / 9-12); tIrthakalpataru (pR0 4-5); tIrthaprakAza (pR013) / hastayoH saMyamaH parapIDA-cauryAdinivRttyA, pAdayoH saMyamaH agamyadezagamanaparatADanAdinivRtyA, manasaH saMyamaH kutsitsNklpaadinivRttyaa| vidyA atra tatattIrthaguNajJAnam, tapaH tIrthopavAsAdi, kIrtiH saccaritaravena prsiddhiH| tIrthaprakAza (pR0 13) / akalkakaH dambharahitaH, nirArambho'trArthArjanAdivyApArarahitaH / tIrthakalpataru (pR05)| aura dekhie vanaparva (92 / 11 evaM 93 / 20-23) / ye vanaparva ke zloka papa0 (AdikhaNDa, 11 / 9-12) meM pAye jAte haiN| prathama do padma0 (uttarakhaNDa, 237 / 3.12) ma Aye haiM; sabhI skanda0 (kAzIkhaNDa, 6 / 48-51) meM uddhRta haiM; vAyu0 (110-4-5) ke do padya prathama do ke samAna hai| 'yasya hastau ca' nAmaka zloka zaMkhasmRti (8.15), brahma0 (25 / 2) evaM agni0 (109 / 1-2) meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| skanda0 (1 / 2 / 2 / 5-6) ke mata se 'yasya....saMyatam / nirvikArAH kriyAH sarvAH sa ....znute' vAlI gAthA aMgirA ne gAyI hai| 27. novakaklinagAvastu snAta itybhidhiiyte| sa snAto yo damasnAtaH sa bAhyAbhyantaraH zuciH // anuzAsana0 (1089) / 28. tIrthAnyanusaran dhIraH zraddadhAno jitendriyaH / kRtapApo vizudhyeta ki punaH zubhakarmakRt // azraddadhAnAH pApmAno nAstikAH sthitasaMzayAH / hetudraSTA ca paJcate na tiirthphlbhaaginH|| vAyu0 (77 / 125 evaM 127); tIrthakalpa0 (pR0 5-6); gacaspatikRta tocintAmaNi (pR0 4), jisameM AyA hai-pApAtmA bahupApagrastastasya pApazamanaM tIrtha bhavati na tu yathoktaphalam |ye zloka skanda0 (kAzIkhaNDa, 5652-53) meM bhI Aye haiN| 92

Page #315
1308 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa tapa evaM dAna kaliyuga meM bhale prakAra se sampAdita nahIM ho sakate; kintu gaMgA-snAna evaM harinAma-smaraNa sabhI prakAra ke doSoM se mukta haiN|' viSNudharmottara0 (3 / 27317 evaM 9) ne bahuta hI spaSTa kahA hai-'jaba tIrthayAtrA kI jAtI hai to pApI ke pApa kaTate haiM, sajjana kI dharmavRddhi hotI hai| sabhI vargoM evaM AzramoM ke logoM ko tIrtha phala detA hai| kucha purANoM (yathA-skanda0, kAzIkhaNDa 6; padma0, uttarakhaNDa 237) kA kathana hai ki bhUmi ke tIrtho (bhauma sIyoM) ke atirikta kucha aise sadAcAra evaM sundara zIla-AcAra bhI haiM jinheM (AlaMkArika rUpa se) mAnasa tIrtha kahA jAtA hai| unake anusAra 'satya, kSamA, indriyasaMyama, dayA (sabhI prANiyoM ke prati), RjatA, dAna, Atmanigraha, santoSa, brahmacarya, mRduvANI, jJAna,dhairya aura tapa tIrtha haiM aura sarvocca tIrtha manaHzuddhi hai|' unameM yaha bhI AyA hai ki jo lobhI, duSTa, kara, pravaJcaka, kapaTAcArI, viSayAsakta haiM, ve sabhI tIrthoM meM snAna karane ke uparAnta bhI pApI evaM apavitra rahate haiN| kyoMki machaliyAM jala meM janma letI haiM, vahIM mara jAtI haiM aura svarga ko nahIM jAtIM, kyoMki unake mana pavitra nahIM hote-yadi mana zuddha nahIM hai to dAna, yajJa, tapa, svacchatA, tIrthayAtrA evaM vidyA ko tIrtha kA pada nahIM prApta ho sktaa|" brahmapurANa (25 / 4-6) kA kathana hai ki jo duSTahRdaya hai vaha tIrthoM meM snAna karane se zuddha nahIM ho sakatA; jisa prakAra vaha pAtra jisameM surA rakhI gayI thI, saikar3oM bAra dhone se bhI apavitra rahatA hai, usI prakAra tIrtha, dAna, vrata, Azrama (meM nivAsa) usa vyakti ko pavitra nahIM karate, jisakA hRdaya duSTa rahatA hai, jo kapaTI hotA hai aura jisakI indriyA~ basaMyamita rahatI haiN| jitendriya jahA~ bhI kahIM rahe, vahIM kurukSetra, prayAga evaM puSkara haiN| vAmanapurANa (43 / 25) meM eka sundara rUpaka AyA hai-AtmA saMyamarUpI jala se pUrNa nadI hai, jo satya se pravahamAna hai, jisakA zIla hI taTa hai aura jisakI lahareM dayA hai| usI meM gotA lagAnA cAhie, antaHkaraNa jala se svaccha nahIM hotaa|" pama0 (2 / 39 / 56-61) ne tIrthoM ke artha evaM paridhi ko vistRta kara diyA hai jahA~ agnihotra evaM zrAddha hotA hai, mandira, vaha ghara jahAM vaidika adhyayana hotA hai, gozAlA, vaha sthAna jahA~ soma pInevAlA rahatA hai, vATikAe~, jahA~ azvattha vRkSa rahatA hai, jahA~ purANa-pATha hotA hai yA jahA~ kisI kA guru rahatA hai yA pativatA strI rahatI hai yA jahAM pitA evaM yogya putra kA nivAsa hotA hai-ve sabhI sthAna (tIrtha jaise) pavitra haiN| ati prAcIna kAla se bahuta-se tIrthoM evaM punIta dhArmika sthaloM kA ullekha hotA AyA hai| matsya0 (110 / 7), mAradIya. (uttara, 63153-54) evaM padma0 (4 / 89 / 16-17 evaM 5 / 20 / 150), varAha0 (15916-7), brahma0 (2517-8 evaM 175|83)aadi meM tIrthoM kI saMkhyAe~ dI gayI haiN| matsya0 kA kathana hai ki vAyu ne ghoSita kiyA hai ki 35 koTi tIrtha haiM jo AkAza, antarikSa evaM bhUmi meM pAye jAte haiM aura sabhI gaMgA meM avasthita mAne jAte haiN| 'vAmana0 (46 / 53) kA kathana hai ki 35 karor3a liMga haiN| brahma0 (25 / 7-8) kA kahanA hai ki tIrthoM evaM punIta dhArmika 29. pApAnAM pApazamanaM dharmavRddhistathA satAm / vijJeyaM sevitaM tIrtha tasmAttIrthaparo bhavet // sarveSAmeva varNAnAM sarvAzramanivAsinAm / tIrtha phalapradaM jJeyaM nAtra kAryA vicaarnnaa|| viSNudharmottarapurANa (3 / 273 / 7 evaM 9) / 30. satyaM tIrtha kSamA toyaM ...tIrthAnAmuttamaM tIrtha vizuddhirmanasaH punH||... jAyante ca mriyante ca jaleSveva jlauksH| na ca gacchanti te svrgmvishuddhmnomlaaH||....daanmijyaa tapaH zaucaM tIrthasevA zrutaM tthaa| saNyeitAnyatIrthAni yadi bhAvo na nirmalaH // skanda0 (kAzIkhaNDa, 6 / 28-45); pama0 (uttarakhaMDa, 237 / 11-28) / milAie matsva0 (22680--sasyaM tIyaM dayA tIrtham ....) / 31. AtmA navI saMyamatoyapUrNA satyAvahA zIlataTA vyoniH| tatrAbhiSekaM kuru pANDuputra na vAriNA zudhyati pAntarAtmA ||vaamnpuraann (43 / 25) /

Page #316
tIrtha mAhAtmya kA arthavAda 1309 sthaloM kI itanI bar3I saMkhyA hai ki unheM saikar3oM varSoM meM bhI nahIM ginA jA sktaa| vanaparva ( 83 / 202 ) kA kathana hai ki pRthivI para naimiSa evaM antarikSa meM puSkara sarvazreSTha tIrtha haiM, kurukSetra tInoM lokoM meM viziSTa tIrtha hai aura dasa sahasrakoTi tIrtha puSkara meM pAye jAte haiM (82 / 21 ) / astu, samaya-samaya para naye tIrtha bhI jor3e gaye tathA tIrthoM meM sthAyI rUpa se rahanevAle, vizeSataH tIrtha purohitoM (paNDoM) ne dhana-lAbha se uttejita hokara saMdigdha pramANoM se yukta bahuta se mAhAtmyoM kA nirmANa kara diyA aura una para mahAbhArata evaM purANoM ke prasiddha racayitA vyAsa kA nAma jor3a diyaa| tIrthoM para likhane vAle adhikAMza nibandhakAroM ne svaruci anusAra cunAva kI prakriyA apanAyI hai| prArambhika nibandhakAroM meM lakSmIvara (lagabhaga 1110-1120 I0) ne apane tIrthakalpataru ke Adhe se adhika bhAga meM vArANasI evaM prayAga para hI likhA hai aura puSkara, pRthUdaka, kokAmukha, badarikAzrama, kedAra jaise prasiddha tIrthoM para 2 yA 3 pRSTha hI likhe haiN| nRsiMhaprasAda ne apane tIrthasAra meM adhikAMza dakSiNa ke tIrthoM para hI likhA hai, yathA -- setubandha, puNDarIka (Adhunika paNDarapura), godAvarI, kRSNA-veNyA, narmadA / nArAyaNa bhaTTa ke tristhalIsetu kA do-tihAI bhAga vArANasI evaM isake upa-tIrthoM ke viSaya meM hai aura zeSa prayAga evaM gayA ke viSaya meM / isa asamAna vivecana ke kaI kAraNa haiM; lekhakoM ke deza yA unake nivAsa sthAna, tIrthasthAnoM se unakA suparicaya aura unakA pakSapAta evaM vizeSa anurAga / purANoM, mAhAtmyoM evaM nibandhoM ke lekhakoM meM eka manovRtti yaha bhI rahI hai ki ve bahuta car3hA-bar3hAkara atizayoktipUrNa vistAra karate haiM / yadi koI vyakti kisI eka tIrtha ke hI viSaya meM par3he aura usake viSaya meM ullikhita prazastiyoM para dhyAna na de to vaha aisA anubhava kara sakatA hai ki eka hI tIrtha kI yAtrA se isa jIvana evaM paraloka meM usakI sArI abhilASAe~ pUrNa ho sakatI haiM aura kAzI prayAga jaise tIrthoM meM jAne ke uparAnta use na to yajJa karane cAhie, aura na dAna Adi anya karma karane caahie| kucha anokhe udAharaNa yahA~ diye jA rahe haiN| vanaparva ( 82 / 26-27) meM yahA~ taka AyA hai ki deva logoM evaM RSi logoM ne puSkara meM siddhi prApta kI aura jo bhI koI vahA~ snAna karatA hai evaM zraddhApUrvaka devoM evaM apane pitaroM kI pUjA karatA hai vaha azvamedha karane kA dasagunA phala pAtA hai / padmapurANa ( 5vA~ khaNDa, 27/78) ne puSkara ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki isase bar3hakara saMsAra meM koI anya tIrthaM nahIM hai| vanaparva ( 83 | 145 ) pRthUdaka kI prazasti karate hue kahA hai ki kurukSetra punIta hai, sarasvatI kurukSetra se adhika punIta hai aura pRthUdaka sabhI tIrthoM meM ucca evaM punIta hai| matsya 0 ( 186 / 11 ) ne katipaya tIrthoM kI tulanAtmaka punItatA kA ullekha yoM kiyA hai--' sarasvatI kA jala tIna dinoM ke snAna se pavitra karatA hai, yamunA kA sAta dinoM meM, gaMgA kA jala tatkSaNa, kintu narmadA kA jala kevala darzana se hI pavitra karatA hai| 32 vArANasI kI prazasti meM kUrma 0 ( 1 / 31 / 64 ) meM AyA hai --- ' vArANasI se bar3hakara koI anya sthala nahIM hai aura na koI aisA hogA hI / ' atizayokti karane kI baddhamUlatA itanI Age bar3ha gayI ki logoM ne kaha diyA ki AmaraNa kAzI meM nivAsa kara lene se na kevala vyakti brahmahatyA ke pApa se mukta ho jAtA hai, pratyuta vaha janma-maraNa ke na samApta honevAle cakra se bhI baca jAtA hai aura punaH janma nahIM letA / " yahI bAta liMgapurANa ( 1 / 92 / 63 evaM 94 ) ne bhI kahI hai| vAmanapurANa meM AyA hai--'cAra prakAra se mukti prApta 32. tribhiH sArasvataM toyaM saptAhena tu yAmunam / sadyaH punAti gAMgeyaM darzanAdeva nArmadam // padma0 (AdikhaNDa 13 / 7 ) ; matsya 0 ( 186 | 11 ) | abhilaSitArtha cintAmaNi (1 / 1 / 130 ) meM bhI samAna bAta pAyI jAtI hai - 'sarasvatI tribhiH snAnaiH paJcabhiryamunAghahRt / jAhnavI snAnamAtreNa darzanenaiva narmadA // ' 33. A behapatanAdyAvattatkSetraM yo na muJcati / na kevalaM brahmahatyA prAkRtaM ca nivartate // prApya vizvezvaraM devaM na sa bhUyo'bhijAyate / matsya0 (182 / 16-17 ) ; tIrthakalpa 0 ( pR0 17 ne 'prAkRtazca' pAThAntara diyA hai, jisakA

Page #317
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa 1310 ho sakatI hai; brahmajJAna, gayAzrAddha, chInakara yA bhagAkara le jAyI jAtI gAyoM ko bacAne meM maraNa, kurukSetra meM nivAsa / jo kurukSetra meM mara jAte haiM ve punaH pRthivI para lauTakara nahIM Ate haiN|"" kAzI meM nivAsa mAtra kI itanI prazaMsA ke viSaya meM matsya 0 ( 181 / 23), agni0 ( 112 / 3) evaM anya purANoM ne itanA kaha DAlA hai ki kAzI meM jAne ke uparAnta vyakti ko apane pairoM ko patthara se kucala DAlanA cAhie ( jisase ki vaha anya tIrthoM meM na jA sake ) aura sadA ke lie kAzI meM hI raha jAnA caahie| " brahmapurANa ne tIrthoM ko cAra koTiyoM meM bA~TA hai -- deva ( devoM dvArA utpanna ), Asura ( jo gaya, bali jaise asuroM se saMbaMdhita haiM), ArSa ( RSiyoM dvArA saMsthApita, yathA-prabhAsa, naranArAyaNa) evaM mAnuSa ( ambarISa, manu, kuru Adi rAjAoM dvArA nirmita ), jinameM pratyeka pUrvavartI apane anuvartI se uttama hai / " brahmapurANa ne vindhya ke dakSiNa kI cha: nadiyoM aura himAlaya se nirgata cha: nadiyoM ko devatIrthoM meM sabase adhika punIta mAnA hai, yathA--godAvarI, bhImarathI, tuMgabhadrA, veNikA, tApI, payoSNI; bhAgIrathI, narmadA, yamunA, sarasvatI, vizokA evaM vitastA / isI prakAra kAzI, puSkara evaM prabhAsa devatIrtha haiM ( tIrthaprakAza, pR0 18 ) / brahma0 ( 175 / 31 / 32 ) ne daiva, Asura ArSa evaM mAnuSa tIrthoM ko krama se kRta (satya), tretA, dvApara evaM kali nAmaka yugoM se sambandhita mAnA hai / una logoM ke viSaya meM, jo tIrthayAtrA ke adhikArI haiM yA isake yogya haiM, purANoM evaM nibandhoM ne vizada vivecana upasthita kiyA hai| vanaparva ( 82 / 30-31 evaM tIrthapra0, pR0 19) meM AyA hai ki ve brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya evaM zUdra, jo tIrthoM meM snAna kara lete haiM, punaH janma nahIM lete| vahIM ( 82133 - 34 ) yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jo strI yA puruSa eka bAra bhI pavitra puSkara meM snAna karatA hai vaha janma se kiye gaye pApoM se mukta ho jAtA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki striyoM ko bhI tIrthayAtrA karane kA adhikAra thA / matsya 0 ( 184 / 66-67 ) ne Age kahA hai ki nAnA prakAra ke varNoM, vivarNoM (jinakI koI jAti yA varNa na ho, arthAt jo ajJAtavarNa haiM), cANDAloM (jinheM saba loga ghRNA kI dRSTi se dekhate haiM) aura bhAMti-bhAMti ke rogoM evaM bar3he hue pApoM se yukta vyaktiyoM ke lie avimukta (vArANasI) sabase bar3I auSadha hai / aura dekhie kUrma0 ( 1 / 31 / 42-43 ), tIrthakalpa 0 ( pR0 26 ), tIrthaprakAza ( pR0 140 ) evaM tIrthacintAmaNi ( pR0 140 ) / vAmana0 ( 36 / 78-79 ) meM AyA hai -- sabhI AzramoM (brahmacarya, gRhastha, vAna artha' 'saMsArabandha' kiyA gayA hai); tIrthacintAmaNi ( pR0 345 ) ; liMgapurANa ( 1 92/63 evaM 94 ) aura skanda0 ( kAzIkhaNDa, 25267 ) / 34. brahmajJAnaM gavAzrAddhaM gotra he maraNaM dhruvam / vAsaH puMsAM kurukSetre muktiruktA catuvidhA / grahanakSatratArANAM kAlena patanAd bhayam / kurukSetra vRtAnAM ca patanaM naiva vidyate // vAmana0 (33 / 8 evaM 16) / prathama zloka vAyu0 ( 105 / 16 ) evaM agni0 ( 115 / 5-6 ) meM bhI AyA hai| 35. azmanA caraNau hatvA vasetkAzIM na hi tyajet / agni0 (112 / 3 ) ; avimukta N yadA gacchet kadAcitkAlaparyayAt / azmanA caraNau bhittvA tatraiva nidhanaM vrajet // matsya0 ( 181 / 23 ) ; tIryakalpa 0 ( 10 16 ) ; azmanA caraNI hatvA vArANasyAM vasennaraH / kUrma0 ( 113 1135 ) ; tIrthapra0 ( pR0 140 ) / 36. catuvidhAni tIrthAni svarge madhye rasAtale / devAni munizArdUla AsurAjyAruSANi ca // mAnuSANi trilokeSu vipAtAni surAdibhiH / brahmaviSNuzivairdevai nirmitaM devamucyate // brahma0 ( 70116-19 ) ; tIrthaprakAza (1018 jisameM brahma0 70130-55 meM ullikhita 12 nadiyoM arthAta devatIyoM ke nAma diye gaye haiN)| 'AruSa' kA artha hai ArSa / arat kI vyAkhyA ke lie dekhie brahma0 ( 70133-40) /

Page #318
tIrthayAtrA meM pati-patnI kA sAhitya aura strI-zUtroM kA adhikAra-vicAra prastha evaM saMnyAsa) ke loga tIrya meM snAna kara kula kI sAta pIr3hiyoM kI rakSA karate haiM; cAroM vargoM ke loga evaM striyA~ bhaktipUrvaka snAna karane se paramocca dhyeya kA darzana karatI haiN| brahmapurANa meM kahA gayA hai ki brahmacArI guru kI AjJA yA sahamati se tIrthayAtrA kara sakate haiM, gRhastha ko apanI pativratA strI ke sAtha (yadi vaha jIvita ho) tIrthayAtrA avazya karanI cAhie, nahIM to use tIrthayAtrA kA phala nahIM prApta ho sktaa| dekhie, padmapurANa (bhamikhaNDa, adhyAya 59-60), jahA~ kRkala kI gAthA kahI gayI hai| kRkala ne apanI pativratA patnI ke binA tIrthayAtrA kI thI isI se use lambI tIrthayAtrA kA bhI phala nahIM milA (bhAryA vinA hi yo dharmaH sa eva viphalo bhavet, 59 / 33) / tIrthacintAmaNi evaM tIrthaprakAza ne kUrmapurANa kA uddharaNa dekara vArANasI (avimukta) kI mahattA nimna rUpa se prakaTa kI hai - 'brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya, zUdra, varNasaMkara, striyA~, mleccha aura ve loga jo saMkIrNa rUpa meM pApayoniyoM meM utpanna hue haiM, kITa, cITiyA~, pakSi-pazu Adi jaba avimukta (vArANasI) meM marate haiM to vahA~ ve mAnava rUpa meM janma lete haiM tathA avimukta meM jo pApI manuSya marate haiM ve naraka meM nahIM jAte haiN|' striyoM evaM zUdroM ke viSaya meM eka smRti-vacana hai-'japa, tapa, tIrthayAtrA, pravrajyA (saMnyAsa-grahaNa), mantrasAdhana evaM devatArAdhana (purohita rUpa meM)--ye chaH striyoM evaM zUdroM ko pApa kI ora le jAte haiM (arthAt ye unake lie vajita haiN)|" isa kathana kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai aura kahA gayA hai ki yahA~ jo striyoM ko tI yAtrA ke lie manA kiyA gayA hai vaha kevala pati kI AjJA binA jAne kI ora saMketa karatA hai, aura zUdroM ke viSaya meM yaha bAta hai, jaisA ki manu (10 / 123) ne kahA hai, vidvAn brAhmaNoM kI sevA karanA hI unakA pramukha kartavya hai| yadi ve tIrthayAtrA karate haiM to yaha unake kartavya ke viruddha par3atA hai| kAtyAyana (vyavahAramayUkha, pR0 113) ne vyavasthA dI hai-'nArI jo kucha karatI hai vaha usake bhaviSya (ke puNyaphala) se saMbaMdhita hai, jo binA pitA (zvazura), pati yA putra kI anumati ke viphala hotA hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki Arambhika kAla meM sabhI vargoM ke puruSoM evaM nAriyoM kA tIrthayAtrA karanA pApoM se chuTakArA pAne ke lie acchA samajhA jAtA thaa| yadyapi pati kI sampatti ke uttarAdhikAra para nArI kA svAmitva sImita hotA hai, kintu nyAyAlaya ke nirNayoM se spaSTa hai ki vaha pati kI sampatti kA eka alpa aMza pati ke gayAzrAddha meM yA paNDharapura kI tIrthayAtrA meM kharca kara sakatI hai| pavitra tIrthoM meM snAna karate samaya chaAchata kA vicAra nahIM kiyA jaataa| 37. brAhmaNAH kSatriyA vaizyAH zUdrA ye vrnnsNkraaH| striyo mlecchAzca ye cAnye saMkIrNAH paapyonyH|| kITAH pipIlikAzcaiva ye cAnye mRgpkssinnH| kAlena nidhanaM prAptA avimukte varAnane // ... zive mama pure devi jAyante tatra maanvaaH| nAvimukte mRtaH kazcinnaraka yAti kilviSo / kUrma0 (1 // 31 // 32-34); matsya0 (181 / 19-21); tIryaci0 (pR0 346) / tIrthapra0 (1.0 139) ne kUrma0 ko uddhRta kiyA hai aura jor3A hai-'nAvimuktamRtaH kazcinnaraka yAti kilvisso|' kUrma0 (1 / 31 / 31-34); tIrthaci0 (pR0 346) evaM tIrthapra0 (pR0 139) / yahI zloka padma0 (1 / 33 / 18-21) meM bhI hai| ___38. japastapastIrthayAtrA pravajyA mntrsaadhnm| devatArAdhanaM ceti strIzUdrapatanAni SaT // tIrthaprakAza (pR0 21); tristhalIsetusArasaMgraha (pR0 2) meM bhaTToji ne ise manu kI ukti kahA hai| 39. nArI khalvananujJAtA pitrA bharnA sutena vaa| viphalaM tad bhavettasyA yatkarotyauladehikam // kAtyA0 (vya0 mayUkha, pR0 113) / hemAdrikRta caturvargacintAmaNi (kta, 1, pR0 327) ne ise AdityapurANa kA zloka mAnA hai aura 'aurvadehikam' ko vatAni' ke artha meM liyA hai| 40. tIrye vivAhe yAtrAyAM saMgrAme dezaviplave / nagaraprAmadAhe ca spRSTAspaSTirna duSyati ||bRhspti (kalpatara, zuddhi, pR0 169; smRtica0 1, 50 122) /

Page #319
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa kevala tIrthayAtrA evaM tIrthasnAna se kucha nahIM hotA, hRdaya parivartana evaM pApakarma kA tyAga paramAvazyaka hai / isa viSaya meM mahAbhArata evaM purANoM meM do uktiyA~ haiM; eka ukti yaha hai (jaisA ki hamane Upara dekha liyA hai) ki pavitra mana hI vAstavika tIrtha hai aura dUsarI yaha hai ki ghara para rahakara gRhasthadharma kA pAlana karate jAnA tathA vaidika yajJAdi kA sampAdana karate rahanA tIrthayAtrA se kahIM acchA hai / zAntiparva ( 263 / 40-42 ) ne tulAdhAra evaM jAjali (eka brAhmaNa, jise apane tapoM para garva thA) ke kathanopakathana kA ullekha karate hue kahA hai ki puroDAza sabhI AhutiyoM evaM baliyoM meM pavitratama hai, sabhI nadiyA~ sarasvatI ke samAna pavitra haiM. sabhI parvatamAlAe~ ( na kevala himAlaya Adi) pavitra haiM aura AtmA hI tIrtha hai / zAntiparva meM jAjali ko samajhAyA gayA hai ki vaha deza-videzoM kA atithi na bane (arthAt tIrthoM kI khoja meM deza-dezAntara meM na ghUme ) / tIrthacintAmaNi evaM tIrthaprakAza ne brahmapurANa ke kathana ko uddhRta kara kahA hai ki brAhmaNa ko tabhI tIrthayAtrA karanI cAhie jaba ki vaha yajJa karane meM asamartha ho jAya, jaba taka iSTiyoM evaM yajJa karane kI sAmarthya evaM adhikAra ho taba taka ghara meM rahakara gRhasthadharma kA pAlana karate rahanA cAhie / agnihotra ke sampAdana se utpanna phaloM ke barAbara tIrthayAtrA phala kabhI nahIM hai| kUrma 0 ( 2/44 | 20 -23 ) ne isa viSaya meM aisA kahA hai-- 'jo vyakti apane dharmoM (kartavyoM) ko chor3akara tIrtha sevana karatA hai vaha tIrthayAtrA kA phala na to isa loka meM pAtA hai aura na usa loka meN| prAyazcittI, vidhura yA yAyAvara loga tIrthayAtrA kara sakate haiN| vaidika agniyoM yA patnI ke sAtha jo vyakti tIrthayAtrA kara sakatA hai, vaha sabhI pApoM se mukta ho jAtA hai aura sarvottama lakSya pA sakatA hai, jaisA ki Upara kahA jA cukA hai| jo tIrthayAtrA karanA cAhatA hai use tInoM RNa cukA dene cAhie, use putroM kI jIvikA ke lie prabandha kara denA cAhie aura patnI ko unakI rakhavAlI meM rakha denA caahie|* 1312 42 prAcIna dharmazAstrakAroM ne tIrthayAtrA kA anumodana kiyA hai| viSNudharmasUtra ( 51132 - 133 ) meM AyA hai ki vaidika vidyArthiyoM, vAnaprasthoM, saMnyAsiyoM, garbhavatI nAriyoM evaM yAtriyoM se nAvika yA zaulkika ko zulka nahIM lenA cAhie; yadi ve inase zulka lete the to unheM lauTAnA par3atA thA / " kintu isa vyavasthA kA pAlana hindU rAjAoM dvArA bhI nahIM kiyA gayA / rAjataraMgiNI ( 6 / 254-255 evaM 7 / 1008) meM ullekha hai ki gayA zrAddha karane vAle kazmIriyoM para kara lagatA thaa|" anahillavAr3a ke rAjA siddharAja (1095-1143 I0) dvArA somanAtha ke yAtriyoM para bAhuloda nAmaka nagara kI sImA para kara lagAyA jAtA thA, jise usakI mAtA ne banda karA diyaa| musalamAna rAjAoM dvArA bhI aisA kara lagAyA jAtA thA / aisA lagatA hai ki kavIndrAcArya nAmaka eka bar3e vidvAn ne zAhajahA~ ke samakSa prayAga evaM kAzI ke yAtriyoM ke pakSa meM aisI sundara uktiyA~ kahIM ki usane unheM kara mukta kara diyA aura 41. gRhastha do prakAra ke hote haiM -- zAlIna evaM yAyAvara / yAyAvara gRhI vaha hai jo khetoM se anAja kaTa jAne ke uparAnta girehue anAja ko cunakara jIvikA calAtA hai, yA jo dhana ekatra nahIM karatA, yA jo paurohitya kArya, adhyApana yA dAna grahaNa se apanI jIvikA nahIM claataa| dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 17 / tIna RNoM (devaRNa, pitRRNa evaM RSiRNa) ke lie dekhie yahI, khaNDa 2, adhyAya 7 evaM 8 / 42. brahmacArivAnaprasthabhikSugu viNItIrthAnusAriNAM nAvikaH zaulkikaH zulkamAdadAnazca / tacca teSAM dadyAt / viSNudharmasUtra ( 51132 -133 ) / 43. kAzmorikANAM yaH zrAddha zulkocchetA gayAntare / sodhye ramantakaH zUraH parihAsapurAzrayaH // baddhvA mahAzilAM kaNThe vitastAmbhasi pAtitaH / rAjata0 (6 / 254-55 ) / parihAsapura ke zUra eramantaka ko, jisane gayA zrAddha karanevAle kazmIriyoM ko kara mukta kara diyA thA, rAnI diddA ne gale meM patthara baMdhavAkara vitastA nadI meM DubA diyA /

Page #320
mAnasa - tIrtha- prazaMsA, yAtrA kara, yAtrA anudAna, yAtrA ke pUrvakRtya 1313 unako 'sarvavidyA nidhAna' kI padavI dI / " bhArata bhara ke logoM ko isa kara - mukti para atizaya santoSa huA aura kavI - ndrAcArya ko logoM ne dhanyavAda ke zabda bheje aura kavitvamaya abhinandanoM se unakA sammAna kiyaa| ina patroM evaM abhinandana patroM ko DA0 haradatta zarmA evaM zrI patkara ne 'kavIndra candrodaya' nAmaka grantha ke rUpa meM prakAzita kiyA hai| " hoyasala - rAja narasiMha tRtIya ne san 1279 I0 meM saMskRta evaM kannar3a meM eka tAmrapatra khudavAyA, jisameM yaha vyakta hai ki rAjA ne hebbAle nAmaka grAma kA kara-dAna ( jo prati varSa 645 niSkoM ke barAbara hotA thA) kAzI evaM zrI vizvezvara devatA ke yAtriyoM (jinameM tailaMga, tulu, tirahuta, gaur3a Adi dezoM ke loga sammilita haiM) ko diyA jAtA thA, jisase ve turuSkoM (musalamAna bAdazAhoM) dvArA lagAye gaye karoM ko de sakeM (dekhie epigraiphiyA karnATikA, jilda 15, saMkhya 298, pR0 71-73) / tIrthayAtrA ke lie prasthAna karane ke nimitta kiye jAnevAle kRtyoM ke viSaya meM nibandhoM ne brahmapurANa ke zloka uddhRta kiye haiM / brahma0 ne vyavasthA dI hai ki tIrthayAtrA ke icchuka vyakti ko eka dina pUrva se brahmacaryapUrvaka rahanA cAhie aura upavAsa karanA cAhie, dUsare dina use gaNeza, devoM, pitaroM kI pUjA karanI cAhie aura apanI sAmarthya ke anusAra acche brAhmaNoM kA sammAna karanA cAhie tathA lauTane para bhI vaisA hI karanA caahie|" nibandhoM ne vyAkhyA kI hai ki lauTane para upavAsa evaM gaNeza-pUjA nahIM kI jAtI / vyakti ko zrAddha karanA cAhie, jisameM paryApta ghRta kA upayoga honA cAhie, candana, dhUpa Adi se kama-se-kama tIna brAhmaNoM kA sammAna karanA cAhie aura unheM bhI tIrthayAtrA karane ke lie udvelita karanA caahie| vAyu 0 ( 110 / 2-3 ) meM AyA hai ki gaNeza, grahoM evaM nakSatroM kI pUjA ke uparAnta vyakti ko kArpaTI kA veSa dhAraNa karanA cAhie, arthAt use tAmra kI aMgUThI tathA kaMgana evaM kASAya raMga ke paridhAna dhAraNa karane cAhie / bhaTToji ( pR0 5) kA kathana hai ki kucha logoM ke mata se kAryaTika paridhAna gayA ke yAtrI ko dhAraNa karanA caahie| padmapurANa (4 / 19 / 22 ) ne anya tIrthoM ke yAtriyoM ke lie bhI viziSTa paridhAnoM kI vyavasthA dI hai| tIrthacintAmaNi ne likhA hai ki aisA paridhAna tIrthayAtrA ke samaya evaM tIrthoM meM hI dhAraNa karanA cAhie na ki dainika kRtyoM, yathA-- bhojana Adi ke samaya meM ( pR09) 4 44. dekhie iNDiyana eNTIkverI, jilda 41 (1912 I0) pR0 7 evaM pR0 11, jahA~ mahAmahopAdhyAya haraprasAda zAstrI ne zAhajahA~ dvArA dI gayI yAtrA kara kI chUTa kA ullekha kiyA hai| 45. yena zrIzAhijAhA~ narapatitilakaH svasya vazyaH kRto'bhUt kicAvazyaM prapannaH punarapi vihitaH zAhidArAzikohaH / kAzItIrthaprayAgapratijanitakaragrAhamokSaikahetuH soyaM zrImAnkavIndro jayati kavigurustIrya rAjAdhirAjaH // kavIndracandrodaya ( pR0 23, saMkhyA 169 ) / 46. yo yaH kazcittIrthayAtrAM tu gacchetsu saMyataH sa ca pUrvaM gRhe sve / kRtopavAsaH zucirapramattaH sampUjayed bhaktino gaNezam // devAn pitRRn brAhmaNAMzcaiva sAdhUn dhImAn pitRn brAhmaNAn pUjayecca / pratyAgatazcApi punastathaiva devAn pitRn brAhmaNAn pUjayecca // brahmapurANa (tIrthakalpa0 pR0 9); tIrthacintAmaNi ( pR0 6, 'susaMyata iti pUrvadine kRtaMkabhaktAviniyamaH ' ) ; tIrthapra0 (10 23 'susaMyataH pUrvadine kRtaikabhaktAdiniyama iti kecit brahmacaryAdiyukta iti tu yuktm')| ye zloka nAradIyapurANa (uttara, 62 / 24-25) meM bhI Aye haiN| aura dekhie skanda0 ( kAzIkhaNDa, 6 / 56-57), padma0 ( uttara0, 237 36-38), brahma0 ( 76 / 18-19 ) / 47. udyatazced gayAM gantuM zrAddhaM kRtvA vidhAnataH / vidhAya kArpaTIveSaM kRtvA grAmaM pradakSiNam / tato grAmAntaraM gatvA zrAddhazeSasya bhojanam / / vAyu0 ( 110 / 2-3), tIrthaci0 (107) / tIrthaprakAza (pU0 29 ) ne vyAkhyA kI hai-

Page #321
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa tIrthayAtrA karate samaya muNDana karAne ke viSaya meM nibandhakAroM meM aikamatya nahIM hai| padma0 evaM skanda0 ne ise anivArya mAnA hai|" tIrthakalpa0 (pR0 11) ne ziramuNDana kI carcA hI nahIM kI hai aura upavAsa ko vaikalpika ThaharAyA hai| pazcAtkAlIna nibandhoM ne sAmAnyataH dhArmika kRtyoM ko ati vistRta evaM duSkara banA DAlA hai| cAtu syi evaM agniSToma jaise vaidika yajJoM ke lie yajamAna ko dADhI-maMcha banavA lene kI vyavasthA dI gayI hai (zatapatha brAhmaNa, 16 / 3 / 14) / samAvartana ke samaya bhI maNDana kI vyavasthA thii| pApoM se makti pAne ke lie kiye jAne yazcittoM meM bhI maNDana kiyA jAtA thA (dekhie isa khaNDa kA adhyAya 4) / tIrthacintAmaNi evaM tIrthaprakAza ne smRtisamuccaya se viSNu kA eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai-prayAga meM, tIrthayAtrA para, mAtA yA pitA kI mRtyu para bAla kaTAne cAhie, kintu akAraNa nhiiN| mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 17) ne eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai-'gaMgA para, bhAskarakSetra meM, mAtA, pitA yA guru kI mRtyu para, vaidika agnihotra prArambha karate samaya evaM somayajJa meM--ina sAta avasaroM yA sthAnoM meM muNDana karanA caahie|' tIrthaci0 evaM tIrthapra0 ne eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai--kurukSetra, vizAlA (ujjayinI yA badarikA), virajA (ur3IsA kI eka nadI) evaM gayA ko chor3akara sabhI tIrthoM meM muNDana evaM upavAsa ke kRtya avazya karane caahie| isa viSaya meM snAtaka ko zikhA chor3akara sAre keza kaTAne cAhie aura sadhavA nArI ko kevala do aMgula kI laMbAI meM kezoM kA agrabhAga kaTAnA caahie| vRddha hArIta (9 / 386-387) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki sadhavA nAriyoM ko keza nahIM kaTAne cAhie, kevala sabhI bAloM ko uThAkara unakA tIna aMgala laMbA agrabhAga kaTA lenA caahie| 'kArpaTIveSaH tAmramadAtAmrakaMkaNakASAyavastradhAraNamA tIrthacintAmaNi meM AyA hai ki yadyapi ye AvazyakatAe~ gayAyAtrA ke viSaya meM varNita haiM, kintu ye sabhI tIrthoM ke lie upayukta haiN| yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki kAryaTika kA dhAraNa yAtrA meM hI hotA hai na ki usa samaya jaba ki vyakti apane dainika kRtya karatA rahatA hai yA khAtA rahatA hai yA zrAddha kA sampAdana karatA rahatA hai| 48. tIrthopavAsaH kartavyaH ziraso muNDanaM tthaa| zirogatAni pApAni yAnti muNDanato yataH // pana0 (uttara0, 237 / 45) evaM skanda0 (kAzIkhaNDa, 665) / 49. pAraskaragR0 (2 / 6 / 17), khAdiragR0 (3 / 1 / 2 / 23), zAMkhAyanagR0 (3 / 1 / 1-2) / khAdiragR0 meM AyA hai-'prAzya vApayet zikhAvaja keshshmshrulomnkhaani|' 50. manuSyANAM tu pApAni tIryAni pratigacchatAm / kezAnAzritya tiSThanti tasmAttadvapanaM caret // papa0 (pAtAla0, 19 / 21) / upavAsadine muNDanamapi / prayAge tIrthayAtrAyAM pitRmaatRviyogtH| kacAnAM vapanaM kuryAda vRthA na vikaco bhavet // iti smRtisamuccaya dhRtaviSNulikhitavacanAt / tIryaci0 (pR0 7) evaM tIrthapra0 (pR0 28) / yaha zloka nAradIya0 (uttara, 62 / 28) kA hai| mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 // 17) ne uddhRta kiyA hai--'gaMgAyo bhAskarakSetre mAtApitrogu romto| AdhAnakAle some ca vapanaM saptasu smRtam // ' kucha logoM ke mata se bhAskarakSetra prayAga hai aura kucha logoM ke mata se vaha koNArka hai| dharmazAstra granyoM meM AdhAna sAmAnyataH agnyAdhAna hai| garbhAdhAna ko niSeka yA garbhAdhAna hI kahA jAtA hai, ataH ASAna ko agnyAdhAna ho kahanA caahie| bhAskarakSetra koNArka hai na ki pryaag| matsya. (104 / 5 evaM 111114) ne prayAga ko prajApatikSetra kahA hai| 51. muNDanaM copavAsazca sarvatIryeSvaye vidhiH / varjayitvA kurukSetra vizAlA virajAM gayAm // vAyu0 (105 / 25) / ise tIrthaci0 (10 14) ne skandapurANa kA mAnA hai aura tIrthapra0 (50 50) ne devala evaM skanda0 kaa| aura dekhie tIrthaci0 (1032),bAlambhaTTI (yAna. 3317), agni0 (115 / 7) evaM nAradIya0 (uttara 62 / 45) /

Page #322
strI-puruSoM ke muNDana tathA kSaura kA vicAra; savArI aura paidala yAtrA kA phala 1315 Apastamba (zloka 1133-34), aMgirA (163), yama (54-55), parAzara (mitA0, yAjJa0 3 / 263-264) Adi smRtiyoM ne vyavasthA dI hai ki nArI kA muNDana-kRtya kezoM kI kevala do aMgula laMbAI meM hotA hai| parA0 mA0 (2,1, pR0 291) ne 'evaM nArIkumArINAm' par3hA hai aura kahA hai ki 'nArI' kA tAtparya hai 'vaha strI jo sadhavA hai'| 52 yadyapi smRti-vacana prAyazcitta-sambandhI haiM, tathApi ye vacana tIrthasthAnoM kI ora bhI saMketa karate haiN| vidhavAoM, saMnyAsiyoM evaM zUdroM kA sampUrNa muNDana hotA hai| vAcaspati mizra ke isa kathana meM ki gaMgA ke taTa para muNDana nahIM hotA, tIrthaprakAza (pR0 51) ne doSa dekhA hai| jaba mata-matAntara dekhane meM Ate haiM to dezAcAra evaM vyakti kI abhilASA kA sahArA lenA hotA hai| tIrthakalpataru (pR0 10) kA kathana hai ki tIrthayAtrA ke samaya pitR-pUjA usa vyakti ke lie Avazyaka hai jo dhanavAn hotA hai| kSaura evaM muNDana meM bheda batAyA gayA hai| prathama kA artha hai kevala sira ke kezoM ko banavAnA aura dUsare kA artha hai dAr3hI-mUMcha ke sAtha sira ke kezoM ko bnvaanaa| isI se nAradIya kA kathana hai ki sabhI RSiyoM ne gayA meM bhI kSaura varjita nahIM mAnA, kevala vahA~ muNDana vajita hai, gaMgA para, prayAga ko chor3akara, kahIM bhI muNDana nahIM hotaa| tIrthenduzekhara (pR0 7) ne apanI sammati dI hai ki muNDana evaM upavAsa Avazyaka na hokara kAmya hai (arthAt kisI viziSTa phala kI prApti ke lie hai) aura ziSTa loga bahuta-se tIrthoM para aisA nahIM krte| purANoM evaM nibandhoM ne yAtrA karane kI vidhi para bhI dhyAna diyA hai| matsya0 (106 / 4-6) kA kathana hai ki yadi koI prayAga kI tIrthayAtrA bailagAr3I meM baiThakara karatA hai to vaha naraka meM giratA hai aura usake pitara tIrtha para diye gaye jala-tarpaNa ko grahaNa nahIM karate, aura yadi koI vyakti aizvarya yA moha yA mUrkhatAvaza vAhana (bailoM vAlA nahIM) para yAtrA karatA hai to usake sAre prayatna vRthA jAte haiM, ataH tIrthayAtrI ko vAhana Adi para nahIM jAnA caahie|" kalpataru (tIrtha pR0 11) ke mata se kevala prayAga-yAtrA meM vAhana varjita hai, kintu tIrthaci0 (pR08) evaM tIrthapra0 (pR0 45) ne eka zloka uddhRta kara kahA hai ki bailagAr3I para jAne se govadha kA aparAdha lagatA hai, ghor3e para (yA ghor3e dvArA khIMce jAnevAle vAhana se) jAne para tIrthayAtrA kA phala nahIM milatA, manuSya dvArA Dhoye jAne para (pAlakI 52. strINAM parAzareNa vishesso'bhihitH| vapanaM nava nAroNAM... sarvAnkezAnsamuddhRtya chedayedaMgulidvayam / sarvatra hi nArINAM ziraso muNDanaM smRtam // mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 263-264) / sarvAn kezAn... muNDanaM bhavet / ityasya prAyazcittaprakaraNe zrutasyAkAMkSAtaulyenAtrApyanvayAt / prayAgAdAvapi tAsAM dvacaMgulakezAgrakartanamAtra vapanam / tIrthaprakAza (pR0 50-51) / 53. gayAdAvapi devezi zmazrUNAM vapanaM vinaa| nauraM munibhiH sarvaniSivaM ceti kIrtitam / sazmazrukezavapanaM muNDanaM tadvidurbudhAH / na kSauraM muNDanaM subhra kItitaM vedavedibhiH // nAradIya0 (uttara, 62 / 54-55) / prayAgavyatireke tu gaGgAyAM muNDanaM nhi| vahI (6152) / 54. prayAgatIrthayAtrArthI yaH prayAti naraH kvacit / balIvardasamArUDhaH zRNu tasyApi yatphalam // narake vasate ghore gavAM krodho hi daarunnH| salilaM na ca gRhNanti pitarastasya dehinH|| aizvaryalAbhamohAdvA gacchedyAnena yo naraH / niSphalaM tasya tatsarva tasmAdyAnaM vivarjayet // matsya0 (106 / 4-5 evaM 7) / aura dekhie tIrthaci0 (pR08, 'aizvaryalAbhamAhAtmyam');tIrthapra0 (pR0 33-34); prAyazcittatattva (pR0 492); kUrma0 (1137-4-5) / gaMgAvAkyAvalI (10 13) ne 'aizvaryamadamohena' pATha diyA hai aura usameM AyA hai-'matsyapurANIyavacanasya prayAgayAtrAprakaraNasthatvAd aizvaryamadazUnyasyaiva prayAgagamanepi dossaabhaavH|'

Page #323
1316 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa Adi dvArA) AdhA phala milatA hai, kintu paidala jAne para pUrNa phala kI prApti hotI hai / " aura dekhie padma0 ( 4 / 19 / 27 ) / kUrma 0 meM AyA hai ki jo loga asamarthatA ke kAraNa nara-yAna yA ghor3oM yA khaccaroM se khIMce jAnevAle rathoM kA prayoga karate haiM ve pApa yA aparAdha ke bhAgI nahIM hote ( tIrthapra0, pR0 34 ) / isI prakAra viSNupurANa ( 3 / 12 / 38 ) meM AyA hai ki yAtrA meM jUtA pahanakara, varSA evaM Atapa meM chAtA kA prayoga karake, rAta meM yA vana meM daNDa lekara calanA caahie| viSNudharmottara 0 ( 3 / 273 / 11-12 ) ne apekSAkRta adhika vyAvahArika mata diyA hai ki paidala tIrthayAtrA karane se sarvocca tapa kA phala milatA hai, yadi pAna para yAtrA kI jAtI hai to kevala snAna kA phala milatA hai| tIrthapra0 ( pR0 35 ) ne gaMgAsAgara jaise tIrthoM meM naukA prayoga kI anumati dI hai, kyoMki vahA~ jAne kA koI anya sAdhana nahIM hotA / tIrthayAtrA ke lie prasthAna karate samaya ke saMkalpa ke lie tristhalIsetu ( pR0 1 - 3) meM vizada vivecana upasthita kiyA gayA hai / " niSkarSa ye haiM- saMkalpa meM sabhI AkAMkSita tIrthoM ke nAma nahIM Ane cAhie, kintu antima tIrthaM kA nAma spaSTa rUpa se AnA cAhie; dakSiNa evaM pazcima bhArata ke logoM ko gayA ke viSaya (jisameM prayAga evaM kAzI ke nAma pracchanna rahate haiM) meM; pUrvI bhArata ke logoM ko prayAga ke viSaya (yahA~ gayA evaM kAzI ke nAma antahita rahate haiM) meM saMkalpa karanA cAhie; dUsare rUpa meM, dakSiNa evaM pazcima ke logoM ko sarvaprathama prayAgatIrthaM kA saMkalpa karanA cAhie, prayAga meM kAzI kA evaM kAzI meM gayA kA saMkalpa karanA cAhie aura isI prakAra pUrva ke logoM ko sarvaprathama gayA kA, taba gayA meM kAzI kA saMkalpa karanA cAhie, aura yahI vidhi Age calatI jAtI hai| tIrthaprakAza ( pR0 326) ne prathama vidhi kI AlocanA kI hai aura kahA hai ki jo loga bahuta-se tIrthoM kI yAtrA karanA cAhate haiM unheM kevala 'tIrthayAtrAmahaM kariSye' kahanA caahie| kintu isane dUsarI vidhi kA anumodana kiyA hai / smRtiyoM evaM purANoM ne vyavasthA dI hai ki tIrthayAtrAphala pratinidhi rUpa se bhI prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| atra (50-51 ) ne kahA hai - vaha, jisake lie kuza kI AkRti tIrthajala meM DuboyI jAtI hai, svayaM jAkara snAna karane ke phala kA aSTabhAga pAtA hai / jo vyakti mAtA, pitA, mitra yA guru ko uddezya karake ( tIrthajala meM ) snAna karatA hai, usase ve loga dvAdazAMza phala pAte haiM / paiThInasi ( tIrthakalpa 0, pR0 11) kA kathana hai ki jo dUsare ke lie ( pArizramika para) tIrthayAtrA karatA haiM use SoDazAMza phala prApta hotA hai aura jo anya prasaMga se ( adhyayana, vyApAra, gurudarzana Adi ke lie) tIrtha ko jAtA hai vaha ardhAzi phala pAtA hai / dekhie prAya0 tattva ( pR0 492), tIrthapra0 ( pRSTha 36 ), skanda 0 ( kAzI0, 6063), padma0 ( 6 / 237/43 ) evaM viSNudharmottara 0 ( 3 / 273|10 ) / isI lie paramAtmA kI kRpA kI prApti ke lie dhanika logoM ne (yAtriyoM kI sukha-suvidhA ke lie) dharmazAlAoM, jalAzayoM, annasatroM, kUpoM kA 55. goyAne govadhaH prokto hayyAne tu niSkalam / narayAne tadarthaM syAt paddbhyAM tacca caturguNam // gaMgAbhaktitaraMgiNI ( pR0 13 ) ; tIrthaci0 evaM tIrthapra0 / 'upAnaddbhyAM caturthAMzaM goyAne govadhAdikam / ' padma0 (4 // 19-27 ) / 56. varSAtapAdike chatrI daNDI rAtryaTavISu ca / zarIratrANakAmo vai sopAnatkaH savA vrajet / / iti viSNupurANIyavacanena niSpratipakSa sadAzabdasvarasAt tIrthayAtrAyAmapi upAnatparidhAnamAvazyakamiti / tIrtha ci0 (10 8- 9 ) / dekhie viSNupurANa (3 / 12 / 38) evaM nAradIyapurANa ( uttara, 62 / 35 ) / viSNudharmottarapurANa (3 / 273 | 11-12) meM AyA hai -- tIrthAnusaraNaM padbhyAM tapaH paramihocyate / tadeva kRtvA yAnena snAnamAtraphalaM labhet // 57. saMkalpa isa prakAra kA ho sakatA hai--' oM tatsadadya pratipadamazvamegha yajJa janyaphalasamaphalaprAptikAmo'mukatIrthayAtrAmahaM kariSye / '

Page #324
tIrthayAtriyoM ke lie jalAzayAdi-nirmANa kA phala; tIrtha-taTa para nirmalatA; tIrtha-dvija kI zreSThatA 1317 nirmANa kiyA hai aura yAtriyoM evaM jana-sAdhAraNa ke suvidhArtha unhoMne mArgoM ke kinAroM para vRkSa lagAye haiN| prabhAsakhaNDa meM AyA hai ki jo dhanika vyakti anya ko dhana yA yAna dvArA tIrthayAtrA kI suvidhA detA hai vaha tIrthayAtrAphala kA cauthAI bhAga pAtA hai|8 / / raghunandanakRta prAyazcittatattva ne brahmANDapurANa se uddharaNa dekara una 14 karmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jinheM gaMgA ke taTa para tyAga diyA jAtA hai, jo nimna haiM--zauca (zarIra-zuddhi ke lie ati sUkSmatA para dhyAna denA, arthAt zarIra ko ragar3a-ragar3akara svaccha karanA yA tela-sAbuna lagAnA Adi), Acamana (dina meM kaI avasaroM para aisA karanA), keza-zRMgAra, nirmAlya dhAraNa (devapUjA ke uparAnta puSpoM kA prayoga), aghamarSaNa sUkta-pATha (R0 19011-3), deha malavAnA, krIDA-kautuka, vAnaprahaNa, saMbhoga-kRtya, anya tIthaM ko bhakti, anya tIrtha kI prazaMsA, apane pahane hue vastroM kA dAna, kisI ko mAranA-pITanA evaM tIrthajala ko tairakara pAra krnaa| eka bAta jJAtavya hai ki yadyapi manu (3 / 149) ne zrAddha meM Amantrita honevAle brAhmaNoM ke kula evaM vidyAjJAna ke sUkSma parIkSaNa kI bAta uThAyI hai, kintu kucha purANoM ne aisI vyavasthA dI hai ki tIrthoM meM brAhmaNoM kI yogyatA kI parIkSA kI bAta nahIM uThAnI caahie| isa paurANika ukti kA samarthana kalpataru (tIrtha, pR0 10), tIrthaci0 (pR0 10), tIrthapra0 (pR073) Adi nibandhoM ne bhI kiyA hai| tIrthapra0 ne itanA kaha diyA hai ki una brAhmaNoM ko tyAga denA cAhie jinake doSa jJAta hoM aura jo ghRNA ke pAtra hoN| varAha0 (165 / 57-58) ne kahA hai ki mathurA ke yAtrI ko cAhie ki vaha mathurA meM utpanna evaM pAlita-poSita brAhmaNoM ko cAroM vedoM ke jJAtA brAhmaNa kI apekSA varIyatA de|" aura dekhie vAyu0 (82 / 26-28), skanda0 (6 / 22223) / vAyu0 (82 / 25-27) meM AyA hai ki jaba putra gayA jAya to use brahmA dvArA prakalpita brAhmaNoM ko hI Amantrita karanA cAhie, ye brAhmaNa sAdhAraNa logoM se Upara (amAnuSa) hote haiM, jaba ve santuSTa ho jAte haiM, to devoM ke sAtha pitara loga bhI santuSTa ho jAte haiM, unake kula, caritra, jJAna, tapa Adi para dhyAna nahIM denA cAhie aura jaba ve (gayA ke brAhmaNa arthAt gayAvAla) sammAnita hote haiM to kRtyakartA (sammAna denevAlA) saMsAra se mukti pAtA hai| vAyu0 (106 / 73-84), agni0 (114 / 33-39) evaM garur3a0 meM aisA varNita hai ki jaba gayAsura gira par3A aura jaba use viSNu dvArA varadAna prApta ho cuke to usake uparAnta brahmA ne gayA ke brAhmaNoM ko 55 grAma diye aura pA~ca kosoM taka vistRta gayAtIrtha diyA, unheM suniyakta ghara, kAmadhena gaueM, kalpataru diye, kintu yaha bhI AjJApita kiyA ki ve na to bhikSA mA~geM aura na kisI se dAna grahaNa kreN| kintu lobhavaza brAhmaNoM ne dharma (yama) dvArA sampAdita yajJa meM paurohitya kiyA, yama se dakSiNAyAcanA kI aura use grahaNa kara liyaa| isa para brahmA ne unheM zApa diyA ki ve sadA RNa meM raheMge aura unase kAmadhenu, kalpavRkSa evaM anya upahAra chIna 58. yazcAnyaM kArayet zaktyA tIrthayAtrA tathezvaraH / svakIyadravyayAnAbhyAM tasya puNyaM cturgunnm||prbhaaskhnndd (tIryapra0, pR0 36) / tIrtha prApyAnuSaMgeNa snAnaM tIrye samAcaret / snAnajaM phalamApnoti tIrthayAtrAphalaM na tu // zaMkha (8312); smRtica0 (1, pR0 132) evaM kalpataru (tIrya, pR0 11) / aura dekhie padma0 (6 / 237 // 41-42) evaM viSNudharmottara0 (3 / 271 / 10) / 59. caturvedaM parityajya mAthuraM puujyetsdaa| mathurAyAM ye vasanti viSNurUpA hi te nraaH|| jJAninastAna hi pazyanti ajJAH pazyanti tAnna hi| varAhapurANa (165 / 57-58) / 60. yadi putro gayAM gacchetkadAcitkAlaparyayAt / tAneva bhojayedviprAn brahmaNA ye prklpitaaH|| amAnuSatayA viprA brAhmaNA (brahmaNA ? ) ye prklpitaaH| vAyu0 (82 / 25-27) /

Page #325
1318 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa liye| agnipurANa (114 // 37) ne itanA jor3a diyA hai ki brahmA ne unheM zApa diyA ki ve vidyAzUnya hoMge aura lAlacI ho jaayeNge|" isa para brAhmaNoM ne brahmA se prArthanA kI aura apanI jIvikA ke lie kisI sAdhana kI mAMga kii| brahmA dravIbhUta hue aura kahA ki unakI jIvikA kA sAdhana gayAtIrtha hogA jo isa loka ke anta taka calegA aura jo loga gayA meM zrAddha karage aura unakI pUjA kareMge (arthAt unheM purohita banAyeMge aura dakSiNA deMge ) ve brahmA kI pUjA kA phala paayeNge| isase spaSTa hai ki vAyupurANa ke isa prakAra ke lekhana ke samaya gayA ke brAhmaNoM (gayAvAloM) kI ve hI vizeSatAe~ thIM jo Aja haiM aura unhoMne gayA kI tIrthayAtrA ko apanA vyApAra samajha liyA thaa| gayAvAla brAhmaNoM kA eka prArambhika aitihAsika ullekha baMgAla ke rAjA lakSmaNasena (lagabhaga 1183 I0) ke zaktipura tAmrapatra meM pAyA jAtA hai|62 purANoM kI vANI kA yaha pariNAma huA ki gayA ke brAhmaNoM ne eka apanA samudAya banA liyA, jisameM kisI anya ke praveza kI guMjAyaza nahIM hai| gayAvAloM ke ApasI jhagar3e evaM anya purohitoM se unake jhagar3e iMglaiMDa kI privI kauMsila taka gaye haiN| kaTTara hindU yAtriyoM meM aisA AcaraNa pAyA jAtA hai ki jaba ve gayA jAte haiM to ve sarvaprathama punapunA nadI ke taTa para muNDana karAte haiM aura gayA pahu~cane para kisI gayAvAla brAhmaNa ke caraNa pUjate haiN| svayaM gayAvAla yA unake pratinidhi yAtriyoM ko gayA kI aura usake AsapAsa kI vediyoM ke pAsa le jAte haiN| purohita ko akSayavaTa ke pAsa paryApta dakSiNA milatI hai aura gayAvAla puSpa kI mAlA yAtrI kI aMjali para rakhatA hai, 'suphala' ghoSita karatA hai aura uccarita karatA hai ki yAtrI ke gayA Ane se pitara loga svarga jaayeNge| apane hI kuloM meM isa dharma-vyApAra ko sImita rakhane ke lie gayAvAloM ne vilakSaNa paramparAe~ sthApita kara rakhI haiN| putrahIna gayAvAla apanI gaddI kA uttarAdhikArI kisI gayAvAla ko hI banA detA hai, jo apane ko usakA dattaka putra mAnatA hai| yahA~ para yaha dattakaprathA vAstavika dattakaprathA nahIM hai| ataH dattaka putra apane janma-kula meM hI apane adhikAra rakha letA hai aura usakA sambandha apane vAstavika kula se nahIM TUTatA / isI se kabhI-kabhI eka hI gayAvAla cAra-cAra gaddiyoM kA adhikAra pA letA hai (arthAt eka sAtha kaI logoM dvArA dattaka banA liyA jAtA hai)| pratyeka gayAvAla ke pAsa bahI hotI hai jisameM usake yajamAnoM ke nAma evaM pate rahate haiM, jisameM ve apane hastAkSara kara dete haiM aura aisA nirdeza kara dete haiM ki unake vaMzaja usI gayAvAla-kula ke logoM ko apanA purohita maaneN| isa prakAra gayAvAloM ke pAsa pracura dhana evaM sampatti A jAtI hai| gayAvAla apane pratinidhiyoM ko sampUrNa deza meM bhejate haiM, jo adhika se adhika saMkhyA meM yAtriyoM ko lAte haiN| dharmazAstra-sambandhI granthoM meM tIrtha para jo sAhitya hai vaha apekSAkRta sabase adhika vizada hai| vaidika sAhitya ko chor3akara, mahAbhArata evaM purANoM meM kama se kama 40,000 zloka tIrthoM, upatIrthoM evaM unase sambandhita kiMvadantiyoM ke viSaya meM hI praNIta haiN| vanaparva (adhyAya 82-156) evaM zalyaparva (adhyAya 35-54) meM hI 3900 ke lagabhaga kevala tIrthayAtrA-sambandhI zloka haiN| yadi kucha hI purANoM kA havAlA diyA jAya to brahmapurANa meM 6700 zloka (isake sampUrNa arthAt 13783 zlokoM kA lagabhaga a(za) tIrthoM ke viSaya meM haiM; padma0 ke prathama pA~ca khaNDoM ke 61. sthitA yadi gayAyAM te zaptAste brahmaNA tdaa| vidyAvijitA yUyaM tRSNAyuktA bhaviSyatha // agnipurANa (114 // 36-37) / 62. 'zrIballAlasenadevapradatta-gayAla-bAhmaNaharidAsena prtigRhiitpnycshtotpttikkssetrpaaNttkaabhidhaanshaasnvinimyen|' dekhie epipraiphiyA iNDikA, jilda-21, pR0 211 evaM 219 / 63. garuDapurANa meM AyA hai--vArANasyAM kRtazrAvastIrtha zoNanade tthaa| punaHpunAmahAnadyAM zrAvaM svarga pitRnyet||

Page #326
tIrthayAtrA ke pUrvakRtya 1319 31000 zlokoM meM 4000 zloka tIrtha-sambandhI haiM; varAha0 meM kula 9614 zloka haiM jinameM 3182 zloka tIrtha ke viSaya meM haiM (jinameM 1400 zloka kevala mathurA ke viSaya meM haiM) aura matsya0 ke 14002 zlokoM meM 1200 zloka tIrtha-sambandhI haiN| isake atirikta nimna nibandha evaM tIrtha-sambandhI grantha ullekhanIya haiN| lakSmIdhara ke kalpataru kA tIrthavivecana kANDa; hemAdri kI caturvarga-cintAmaNi kA tIrthakhaNDa (jo abhI upalabdha nahIM huA hai); vAcaspati (1450-1480 I0) kI tIrthacintAmaNi ; nRsiMhaprasAda (lagabhaga 1500I0) kA tIrthasAra; nArAyaNa bhaTTa kA tristhalIsetu (1550-1580 I0); ToDarAnanda (1565-1589 I0)kA tIrthasaukhya ; raghunandana (1520-1570I0) kA tIrthatattva yA tIrthayAtrA-vidhitattva; mitra mizra (1610-1640 I0) kA tIrthaprakAza; bhaTToji (lagabhaga 1625 I0) kA tristhalIsetusArasaMgraha; nAgeza kA tristhalIsetusArasaMgraha; nAgeza yA nAgoji kA tIrthenduzekhara / bahutase tIrtha-sambandhI grantha abhI prakAzita nahIM haiM jinameM anUpasiMha (bIkAnera) kI AjJA se praNIta ananta bhaTTa kA tIrtharatnAkara sambhavataH sabase bar3A hai / isake atirikta viziSTa tIrthoM para bhI pRthak-pRthak grantha haiM, yathA--vidyApati (1400-1450 I0) kA gaMgAvAkyAvalI nAmaka grantha ; surezvarAcArya kA kAzImRtimokSa-vicAra; raghunandana kI gayAzrAddhapaddhati evaM purussottmkssetrtttv| isa sthala para hamane prakAzita granthoM kA hI vizeSa ullekha kiyA hai| ___tIrthayAtrA ke pUrva ke kRtyoM kA lekhA jo purANoM evaM nibandhoM meM diyA huA hai, hama eka hI sthAna para de rahe haiN| tIrthayAtrA karane kI bhAvanA ke paripakva ho jAne ke uparAnta kisI eka nizcita dina vyakti ko kevala eka bAra bhojana karanA cAhie; dUsare dina use vapana karAkara (jaisA ki adhikAMza nibandhoM meM AyA hai) upavAsa karanA cAhie; upavAsa ke dUsare dina use dainika dharmoM kA pAlana karanA cAhie; 'amuka-amuka sthAna kI maiM tIrthayAtrA karUMgA evaM tIrthayAtrA kI nirvighna samApti ke lie gaNeza evaM apane adhiSThAtA devoM kI pUjA karU~gA' kI ghoSaNAyA saMkalpa karanA cAhie tathA pA~ca yA solaha upacAroM ke sAtha gaNeza, navagrahoM evaM apane priya devoM kI pUjA karanI cAhie; "taba apane gRhyasUtra ke anusAra paryApta ghRta ke sAtha pArvaNazrAddha karanA cAhie, kama-se-kama tIna brAhmaNoM kA sammAna karanA cAhie tathA unheM dhanadAna karanA caahie| isake uparAnta, jaisA ki Upara kahA jA cakA hai, use yAtrI kA paridhAna dhAraNa karanA caahie| taba grAma kI pradakSiNA (kama-se-kama apane ghara kI avazya) karanI cAhie, taba dUsare grAma meM, jo eka koza (do yA DhAI mIla) se adhika dUra na ho, pahu~canA cAhie aura taba zrAddha se bace hue bhojana evaM ghRta se upavAsa tor3anA cAhie (yaha kevala gayA kI yAtrA meM hotA hai)| anya tIrthoM kI yAtrA meM vaha apane ghara meM bhI upavAsa tor3a sakatA hai| isake uparAnta use prasthAna kara denA caahie| dUsare dina use naye vastra ke sahita snAna karake yAtrI-paridhAna pahananA cAhie aura pUrvAbhimukha ho, aparAhna meM, yathAsambhava naMge paira prasthAna karanA caahie| yahA~ para do mata haiN| eka mata yaha hai ki jisa dina vyakti kisI tIrtha meM pahu~catA hai usa dina use upavAsa karanA cAhie, dUsarA mata yaha hai ki tIrtha meM pahuMcane ke eka dina pUrva hI upavAsa karanA caahie| pahale mata ke anusAra use upavAsa ke dina zrAddha karanA cAhie aura usa sthiti meM vaha bhojana nahIM kara sakatA, kevala pake bhojana ko sUMgha sakatA hai| kalpataru (tIrtha, pR011) evaM tIrthaci0 (pR0 14) ne devala ko uddhRta kara kahA hai ki tIrtha meM pahu~cane para upavAsa Avazyaka nahIM hai, kintu yadi kiyA jAya to vizeSa phala kI prApti hotI hai| 64. solaha evaM pA~ca upacAroM ke lie dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 19 / brahmavaivartapurANa (brahmakhaNDa, 26 / 90-92) ne 16, 12 yA 5 upacAroM kA varNana yoM kiyA hai--AsanaM vasanaM pAdyamadhyamAcamanIyakam / puSpaM candanadhUpaM ca dIpaM naivedyamuttamam // gandhaM mAlyaM ca zayyAM ca lalitA suvilakSaNAm / jalamannaM ca tAmbUlaM sAdhAraM deyameva ca // gandhAnatalpatAmbUlaM vinA dravyANi dvaadsh| pAdyAdhyaMjalanaivedyapuSpANyetAni paMca ca //

Page #327
adhyAya 12 gaGgA gaGgA punItatama nadI hai aura isake taToM para haridvAra, kanakhala, prayAga evaM kAzI jaise parama prasiddha tIrtha avasthita haiM, ataH gaMgA se hI Arambha karake vibhinna tIrthoM kA pRthak-pRthak varNana upasthita kiyA jA rahA hai| hamane yaha dekha liyA hai (gata adhyAya meM) ki prasiddha nadIsUkta (R0 10 / 75 / 5-6) meM sarvaprathama gaMgA kA hI AhvAna kiyA gayA hai| R0 (6 / 45 / 31) meM 'gAya' zabda AyA hai jisakA sambhavataH artha hai 'gaMgA para vRddhi prApta karatA huaa|" zatapatha brAhmaNa (13 / 5 / 4 / 11 evaM 13) evaM aitareya brAhmaNa (39 / 9) meM gaMgA evaM yamunA ke kinAre para bharata dauSyanti kI vijayoM evaM yajJoM kA ullekha huA hai| zatapatha brAhmaNa (13:5 / 4 / 11 evaM 13) meM eka prAcIna gAthA kA ullekha hai-'nADapit para apsarA zakuntalA ne bharata ko garbha meM dhAraNa kiyA, jisane sampUrNa pRthivI ko jItane ke uparAnta indra ke pAsa yajJa ke lie eka sahasra se adhika azva bheje|' mahAbhArata (anuzAsana0 26 / 26-103) evaM purANoM (nAradIya, uttarArdha, adhyAya 38-45 evaM 51 / 1-48; padma0 5 / 60 / 1-127; agni0 adhyAya 110; matsya0, adhyAya 180-185; padma0, AdikhaNDa, adhyAya33-37) meM gaMgA kI mahattA evaM pavitrIkaraNa ke viSaya meM saikar3oM prazastijanaka zloka haiM / skanda (kAzIkhaNDa, adhyAya 29 / 17-168) meM gaMgA ke eka sahasra nAmoM kA ullekha hai| yahA~ para uparyukta granthoM meM diye gaye varNanoM kA thor3A aMza bhI denA saMbhava nahIM hai| adhikAMza bhAratIyoM ke mana meM gaMgA jaisI nadiyoM evaM himAlaya jaise parvatoM ke do svarUpa ghara kara baiThe haiM--bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika / vizAla nadiyoM ke sAtha daivI jIvana kI pragAr3hatA saMlagna ho hI jAtI hai| Telara ne apane grantha 'primiTiva kalcara' (dvitIya saMskaraNa, pR0 477) meM likhA hai-'jinheM hama nirjIva padArtha kahate haiM, yathA nadiyA~, patthara, vRkSa, astra-zastra Adi, ve jIvita, buddhizAlI ho uThate haiM, unase bAteM kI jAtI haiM, unheM prasanna kiyA jAtA hai aura yadi ve hAni pahu~cAte haiM to unheM daNDita bhI kiyA jAtA hai|' gaMgA ke mAhAtmya evaM usakI tIrthayAtrA ke viSaya meM pRthak-pRthak grantha praNIta hue haiN| yathA gaNezvara (1350 I0) kA gaMgApattalaka, mithilA ke rAjA padmasiMha kI rAnI vizvAsadevI kI gaMgAvAkyAvalo, gaNapati kI gaMgAbhakti-taraMgiNI evaM vardhamAna kA gNgaakRtyvivek| ina granthoM kI tithiyA~ isa mahAgrantha ke anta meM dI haI haiN| ___ vanaparva (adhyAya 85) ne gaMgA kI prazasti meM kaI zloka (88-97) diye haiM, jinameM kucha kA anuvAda yoM hai-"jahA~ bhI kahIM snAna kiyA jAya, gaMgA kurukSetra ke barAbara hai| kintu kanakhala kI apanI vizeSatA hai aura prayAga meM isakI parama mahattA hai| yadi koI saikar3oM pApakarma karake gaMgA-jala kA avasiMcana karatA hai to gaMgA-jala una duSkRtyoM ko usI prakAra jalA detA hai, jisa prakAra agni IMdhana ko| kRta yuga meM sabhI sthala pavitra the , tretA meM puSkara sabase adhika pavitra thA, dvApara meM kurukSetra evaM kaliyuga meM gNgaa| nAma lene para gaMgA pApI ko pavitra kara detI hai, ise dekhane 1. adhi bRyuHpaNInAM vaSiSThe mUrdhannasthAt / uru: kakSo na gADagyaH ||R0 (6 / 45 / 31) / antima pAda kA artha hai gaMgA ke taToM para ugI huI ghAsa yA jhAr3I ke smaan|'

Page #328
gaMgAjI kI prazaMsA 1321 se saubhAgya prApta hotA hai, jaba isameM snAna kiyA jAtA hai yA isakA jala grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai to sAta pIDhiyoM taka kula pavitra ho jAtA hai| jaba taka kisI manuSya kI asthi gaMgA-jala ko sparza karatI rahatI hai taba taka vaha svargaloka meM prasanna rahatA hai| gaMgA ke samAna koI tIrtha nahIM hai aura na kezava ke sadRza koI deva / vaha deza, jahA~ gaMgA bahatI hai aura vaha tapovana jahA~ gaMgA pAyI jAtI hai, use siddhikSetra kahanA cAhie, kyoMki vaha gaMgAtIra ko chUtA rahatA hai|" anuzAsanaparva (36 / 26,30-31) meM AyA hai ki ve janapada evaM deza, ve parvata evaM Azrama, jinase hokara gaMgA bahatI hai, puNya kA phala dene meM mahAn haiN| ve loga, jo jIvana ke prathama bhAga meM pApakarma karate haiM, yadi gaMgA kI ora jAte haiM to parama pada prApta karate haiN| jo loga gaMgA meM snAna karate haiM unakA phala bar3hatA jAtA hai, ve pavitrAtmA ho jAte haiM aura aisA puNyaphala pAte haiM jo saikar3oM vaidika yajJoM ke sampAdana se bhI nahIM prApta hotaa| aura dekhie nAradIya0 (39 / 30-31 evaM 40164) / bhagavadgItA meM bhagavAn zrI kRSNa ne kahA hai ki dhArAoM meM maiM gaMgA hU~ (srotasAmasmi jAhnavI, 10 / 31) / manu (8 / 92) ne sAkSI ko satyoccAraNa ke lie jo kahA hai usase prakaTa hotA hai ki manusmRti ke kAla meM gaMgA evaM kurukSetra sarvocca punIta sthala the| kucha purANoM ne gaMgA ko mandAkinI ke rUpa meM svarga meM, gaMgA ke rUpa meM pRthivI para aura bhogavatI ke rUpa meM pAtAla meM pravAhita hote hue varNita kiyA hai (pdm06|267|47)| viSNu Adi purANoM ne gaMgA ko viSNu ke bAyeM paira ke aMgUThe ke nakha se pravAhita mAnA hai| kucha purANoM meM aisA AyA hai ki ziva ne apanI jaTA se ko sAta dhArAoM meM parivartita kara diyA, jinameM tIna (nalinI, hAdinI evaM pAvanI) pUrva kI ora, tIna (sItA, cakSus evaM sindhu) pazcima kI ora pravAhita huI aura sAtavIM dhArA bhAgIrathI huI (matsya0 121138-41; brahmANDa0 2 / 18139-41 evaM padma0 113 / 65-66) / kUrma0 (1146 / 30-31) evaM varAha0 (adhyAya 82, gadya meM) kA kathana hai ki gaMgA sarvaprathama sItA, alakanaMdA, sucakSa evaM bhadrA nAmaka cAra vibhinna dhArAoM meM bahatI hai; alakanandA dakSiNa kI ora bahatI hai, bhAratavarSa kI ora AtI hai aura sapta mukhoM meM hokara samudra meM giratI hai| brahma0 (73 / 68-69) meM gaMgA ko viSNu ke pA~va se pravAhita evaM ziva ke jaTAjUTa meM sthApita mAnA gayA hai| viSNupurANa (2 / 8 / 120-121) ne gaMgA kI prazasti yoM kI hai--jaba isakA nAma zravaNa kiyA jAtA hai, jaba koI isake darzana kI abhilASA karatA hai, jaba yaha dekhI jAtI hai yA isakA sparza kiyA jAtA hai yA jaba isakA jala grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai yA jaba koI isameM DubakI lagAtA hai yA jaba isakA nAma liyA jAtA hai (yA isakI stuti kI jAtI hai) to gaMgA dina-prati-dina prANiyoM ko pavitra karatI hai; jaba sahasroM yojana dUra rahanevAle loga 'gaMgA' nAma kA uccAraNa karate haiM to tIna janmoM ke ekatra pApa naSTa ho jAte haiN| bhaviSya purANa meM bhI aisA hI AyA 2. yamo vaivasvato devo yastaSa hadi sthitH| tena cedavivAdaste mA gaMgA mA kuruungmH||mnu (8092) / 3. vAmapAdAmbujAMguSThanakhasrotovinirgatAm / viSNobiti yAM bhaktyA zirasAharnizaM dhruvH|| viSNupurANa (268 / 109); kalpataru (tIrtha, pR0 161) ne 'zivaH' pAThAntara diyA hai| 'nadI sA vaiSNavI proktA vissnnupaadsmudbhvaa|' pA0 (5 / 25 / 188) / 4. tathadAlakanandA ca dakSiNAdetya bhAratam / prayAti sAgaraM bhittvA saptabhedA dvijottmaaH||kuurm0 (1 / 46 / 31) / 5. zrutAbhilaSitA dRSTA spRSTA piitaavgaahitaa| yA pAvayati bhUtAni kIrtitA ca dine dine|| gaMgA gaMgeti yai ma yojanAnAM zateSvapi / sthitaruccAritaM hanti pApaM janmatrayAjitam // viSNupu0 (2181120-121); gaMgA

Page #329
1322 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa hai| matsya0, kUrma0, garur3a evaM padma0 kA kahanA hai ki gaMgA meM pahu~canA saba sthAnoM meM sarala hai, kevala gaMgAdvAra (haridvAra), prayAga evaM vahA~ jahA~ yaha samudra meM milatI hai, pahu~canA kaThina hai, jo loga yahA~ snAna karate haiM, svarga jAte haiM aura jo loga yahA~ mara jAte haiM ve punaH janma nahIM pAte / nAradIyapurANa kA kathana hai ki gaMgA sabhI sthAnoM meM durlabha hai, kintu tIna sthAnoM para atyadhika durlabha hai| vaha vyakti, jo cAhe yA anacAhe gaMgA ke pAsa pahu~ca jAtA hai aura mara jAtA hai, svarga jAtA hai aura naraka nahIM dekhatA (matsya0 107 / 4) / karma0 kA kathana hai ki gaMgA vAyupurANa dvArA ghoSita svarga, antarikSa evaM pRthivI meM sthita 35 karor3a pavitra sthaloM ke barAbara hai aura vaha unakA pratinidhitva karatI hai| padmapurANa ne prazna kiyA hai-'bahuta dhana ke vyaya vAle yajJoM evaM kaThina tapoM se kyA lAbha, jaba ki sulabha rUpa se prApta honevAlI evaM svarga-mokSa denevAlI gaMgA upasthita hai ! nAradIya purANa meM bhI AyA hai-ATha aMgoM vAle yoga, tapoM evaM yajJoM se kyA lAbha? gaMgA kA nivAsa ina sabhI se uttama hai| matsya0 (104 / 14-15) ke do zloka yahA~ varNana ke yogya haiM--'pApa karanevAlA vyakti bhI sahasroM yojana dUra rahatA huA gaMgA-smaraNa se parama pada prApta kara letA hai| gaMgA ke nAma-smaraNa evaM usake darzana se vyakti krama se pApamukta ho jAtA hai evaM sukha pAtA hai, usameM snAna karane evaM jala ke pAna se vaha sAta pIr3hiyoM taka apane kula ko pavitra kara detA hai|' kAzIkhaNDa (27 / 69) meM aisA AyA hai ki gaMgA ke taTa para sabhI kAla zubha haiM, sabhI deza zubha haiM aura sabhI loga dAna grahaNa ke yogya haiN| varAhapurANa (adhyAya 82) meM gaMgA kI vyutpatti 'gAM gatA' (jo pRthivI kI ora gayI ho) hai / padma0 (sRSTi khaMDa, 60|64-65)ne gaMgA ke viSaya meM nimna mUlamantra diyA hai--'oM namo gaMgAyai vizvarUpiNyai nArAyaNyai namo nmH| vAkyAvalI (pR0 110),tIrthaci0 (10202), gaMgAbhakti0 (109) / dUsarA zloka papa0 (6 / 2118 evaM 23 // 12) evaM brahma (175 / 82) meM kaI prakAra se par3hA gayA hai, yayA--gaMgA ....yo brUyAdyojanAnAM shtairpi| mukhyate sarva. pApebhyo viSNulokaM sa gcchti|| padma0 (1||3177)meN AyA hai...zatairapi / naro na narakaM yAti kiM tayA sadRzaM bhavet // 6. darzanAtsparzanAtpAnAt tathA gaMgeti kIrtanAt / smaraNAdeva gaMgAyAH sadyaH pApaiHpramucyate // bhaviSya0 (tIrthaci0 pR0 198; gaMgAvA0,pR.0 12 evaM gaMgAbhakti0,pR09) prathama pAda anuzAsana0 (26164) evaM agni0 (110 / 6) meM AyA hai| gacchaMstiSThaJ japandhyAyana bhujam jAgrat svapana vadan / yaH smaret satataM gaMgAM so'pi mucyeta bandhanAt // skanda0 (kAzIkhaNDa, pUrvArdha 27337) evaM nAradIya0 (uttara, 39 / 16-17) / 7. sarvatra sulabhA gaMgA triSa sthAneSa durlbhaa| gaMgAdvAre prayAge ca gNgaasaagrsNgme|| tatra snAtvA divaM yAnti ye mRtaaste'punrbhvaaH|| matsya0 (106 / 54); kUrma0 (1 // 37 // 34); garur3a (pUrvArdha, 8111-2); pama0 (5 / 60 / 120) / nAradIya0 (40 / 26-25) meM aisA pAThAntara hai-'sarvatra durlabhA gaMgA triSu sthAneSu caadhikaa| gaMgAdvAre... saMgame // eSu snAtA divN....rbhvaaH|| 8. tistraH koTyodhakoTI ca tIrthAnAM vAyurabravIt / divi bhuSyantarikSe ca tatsarvaM jAhnavI smRtA // kUrma0 (1 // 3918); pana0 (11477 evaM 5 / 6059); matsya0 (10215, tAni te santi jaahnvi)| 9. kiM yajarbahuvittAvyaH kiM tapobhiH sudusskrH| svargamokSapradA gaMgA sukhasaubhAgyapUjitA // padma0 (5 / 60 // 39); kimaSTAMgena yogena kiM tapobhiH kimadhvaraH / vAsa eva hi gaMgAyAM sarvatopi viziSyate // nAradIya0 (uttara, 38 // 38); tIrthaci0 (pR0 194, gaMgAyAM brahmajJAnasya kAraNam); prAyazcittatattva (pR0 494) /

Page #330
taTa kI paribhASAeM, gaMgAsnAna kI vidhi 1323 padma0 ( sRSTi 0 60 / 35) meM AyA hai ki viSNu sabhI devoM kA pratinidhitva karate haiM aura gaMgA viSNu kA / isameM gaMgA kI prazasti isa prakAra kI gayI hai --pitAoM, patiyoM, mitroM evaM sambandhiyoM ke vyabhicArI, patita, duSTa, cANDAla evaM gurughAtI ho jAne para yA sabhI prakAra ke pApoM evaM drohoM se saMyukta hone para krama se putra, patniyA~, mitra evaM sambandhI unakA tyAga kara dete haiM, kintu gaMgA unheM nahIM parityakta karatI ( padma purANa sRSTikhaNDa, 60 / 25-26) / kucha purANoM meM gaMgA ke punIta sthala ke vistAra ke viSaya meM vyavasthA dI huI hai / nAradIya0 ( uttara, 43 / 119120 ) meM AyA hai -- gaMgA ke tIra se eka gavyUti taka kSetra kahalAtA hai, isI kSetra sImA ke bhItara rahanA cAhie, kintu tIra para nahIM, gaMgAtIra kA vAsa ThIka nahIM hai| kSetra-sImA donoM tIroM se eka yojana kI hotI hai arthAt pratyeka tIra me do kosa taka kSetra kA vistAra hotA hai|" yama ne eka sAmAnya niyama yaha diyA hai ki vanoM, parvatoM, pavitra nadiyoM evaM tIrthoM ke svAmI nahIM hote, ina para kisI kA prabhutva (svAmI rUpa se) nahIM ho sakatA / brahmapurANa kA kathana hai ki nadiyoM se cAra hAtha kI dUrI taka nArAyaNa kA svAmitva hotA hai aura marate samaya bhI ( kaNThagata prANa hone para bhI ) kisI ko usa kSetra meM dAna nahIM lenA caahie| gaMgAkSetra ke garbha (antarvRtta), tIra evaM kSetra meM antara prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| garbha vahA~ taka vistRta ho jAtA hai jahA~ taka bhAdrapada ke kRSNapakSa kI caturdazI taka dhArA pahu~ca jAtI hai aura usake Age tIra hotA hai, jo garbha se 150 hAtha taka phailA huA rahatA hai tathA pratyeka tIra se do kosa taka kSetra vistRta rahatA hai| aba gaMgA ke pAsa pahu~cane para snAna karane kI paddhati para vicAra kiyA jaaygaa| gaMgA snAna ke lie saMkalpa karane ke viSaya meM nibandhoM ne kaI vikalpa diye haiN| prAyazcittatattva ( pR0 497 - 498 ) meM vistRta saMkalpa diyA huA hai| gaMgAvAkyAvalI ke saMkalpa ke lie dekhie nIce kI TippaNI / " matsya0 (102) meM jo snAna vidhi dI huI hai vaha sabhI varNoM evaM veda ke vibhinna zAkhAnuyAyiyoM ke lie samAna hai| matsyapurANa (adhyAya 102 ) ke varNana kA niSkarSa yoM hai-binA snAna ke zarIra kI zuddhi evaM zuddha vicAroM kA astitva nahIM hotA, isI se mana ko zuddha karane ke lie sarvaprathama 10. tIrAd gavyUtimAtraM tu paritaH kSetramucyate / tIraM tyaktvA vasetkSetre tIre vAso na ceSyate / ekayojanavistIrNA kSetrasImA taTadvayAt / nAradIya0 ( uttara, 43 / 119-120 ) / prathama ko tIrthaci0 ( pR0 266 ) ne skandapurANa se uddhRta kiyA hai aura vyAkhyA kI hai- 'ubhayataTe pratyekaM krozadvayaM kSetram / ' antima pAda ko tIrthaci0 ( pR0 267) evaM gaMgAvA 0 ( pR0 136) ne bhaviSya0 se uddhRta kiyA hai| 'gavyUti' dUrI yA lambAI kA mApa hai jo sAmAnyataH do koza (kosa) ke barAbara hai| lambAI ke mApoM ke viSaya meM kucha antara hai| amarakoza ke anusAra 'gavyUti' do koza ke barAbara hai, yathA- 'gavyUtiH strI krozayugam / vAyu0 (8 / 105 evaM 101 / 122-126) evaM brahmANDa 0 ( 207196-101 ) ke anusAra 24 aMgula - eka hasta, 96 aMgula - eka dhanu ( arthAt 'daNDa', 'yuga' yA 'nAlI'); 2000 dhanu (yA daNDa yA yuga yA nAlikA) gavyUti evaM 8000 dhanu - yojn| mArkaNDeya0 (46 / 37-40) ke anusAra 4 hasta == dhanu yA daNDa yA yuga yA nAlikA; 2000 dhanu =kroza, 4 kroza = gavyUti ( jo yojana ke barAbara hai)| aura dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 3, adhyAya 5 / 11. adyAmu mAsi amukapakSe amukatithau sadyaH pApapraNAzapUrvaka sarvapuNyaprAptikAmo gaMgAyAM snAna mahaM kariSye / gaMgAvA 0 ( 10141) / aura dekhie tIrthaci0 ( 10 206 - 207 ), jahA~ gaMgAsnAna ke pUrvakAlika saMkalpoM ke kaI vikalpa diye hue haiN| 94

Page #331
1324 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa snAna kI vyavasthA hotI hai| koI kisI kUpa yA dhArA se pAtra meM jala lekara snAna kara sakatA hai yA binA isa vidhi se bhI snAna kara sakatA hai| 'namo nArAyaNAya' mantra ke sAtha buddhimAn logoM ko tIrthasthala kA dhyAna karanA caahie| hAtha meM darbha (kuza) lekara, pavitra evaM zuddha hokara Acamana karanA cAhie / cAra vargahasta sthala ko cunanA cAhie aura nimna mantra ke sAtha gaMgA kA AvAhana karanA cAhie; 'tuma viSNu ke caraNa se utpanna huI ho, tuma viSNu se bhakti rakhatI ho, tuma viSNu kI pUjA karatI ho, ataH janma se maraNa taka kiye gaye pApoM se merI rakSA kro| svarga, antarikSa evaM pRthivI meM 35 karor3a tIrtha haiM; he jAhnavI gaMgA, ye sabhI deva*tumhAre haiN| devoM meM tumhArA nAma nandino (Ananda denevAlI) aura nalinI bhI hai tathA tumhAre anya nAma bhI haiM, yathA dakSA, pRthvI, vihagA, vizvakAyA, amRtA; zivA, vidyAdharI, suprazAntA, shaantiprdaayinii|12 snAna karate samaya ina nAmoM kA uccAraNa karanA cAhie, taba tInoM lokoM meM bahanevAlI gaMgA pAsa meM calI AyegI (bhale hI vyakti ghara para hI snAna kara rahA ho) / vyakti ko usa jala ko, jisa para sAta bAra mantra par3hA gayA ho, tIna yA cAra yA pA~ca yA sAta bAra sira para chir3akanA caahie| nadI ke nIce kI miTTI kA mantra-pATha ke sAtha lepa karanA caahie| isa prakAra snAna evaM Acamana karake vyakti ko bAhara AnA cAhie aura do zveta evaM pavitra vastra dhAraNa karane caahie| isake uparAnta use tIna lokoM ke santoSa ke lie devoM, RSiyoM evaM pitaroM kA yathAvidhi tarpaNa karanA caahie|" pazcAt sUrya ko namaskAra evaM tIna bAra pradakSiNA kara tathA kisI brAhmaNa, sonA evaM gAya kA sparza kara snAnakartA ko viSNa mandira (yA apane ghara, pAThAntara ke anusAra) meM jAnA caahie|" 12. smRticandrikA (1, pR0 182) ne matsya0 (102) ke zloka (1-8) uddhRta kiye haiN| smRticandrikA ne vahIM gaMgA ke 12 vibhinna nAma diye haiN| pA0 (4189 / 17-19) meM matsya0 ke nAma pAye jAte haiN| isa adhyAya ke Arambha meM gaMgA ke sahasra nAmoM kI ora saMketa kiyA jA cukA hai| 13. tarpaNa ke do prakAra haiM-pradhAna evaM gaunn| prathama vidyAdhyayana samApta kiye hue dvijoM dvArA devoM, RSiyoM evaM pitaroM ke lie prati dina kiyA jAtA hai| dUsarA snAna ke aMga ke rUpa meM kiyA jAtA hai| nityaM naimittikaM kAmyaM triviSaM snAnamucyate / tarpaNaM tu bhavettasya aGgatvena prakIrtitam // brahma (gaMgAbhakti0, 10 162) / tarpaNa snAna evaM brahmayajJa donoM kA aMga hai| isa viSaya meM dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, adhyAya 17 / tarpaNa apanI veda-zAkhA ke anusAra hotA hai| dUsarA niyama yaha hai ki tarpaNa tilayukta jala se kisI tIrtha-sthala, gayA meM, pitRpakSa (Azvina ke kRSNapakSa) meM kiyA jAtA hai| vidhavA bhI kisI tIrtha meM apane pati yA sambandhI ke lie tarpaNa kara sakatI hai| saMnyAsI aisA nahIM krtaa| pitA vAlA vyakti bhI tarpaNa nahIM karatA, kintu viSNupurANa ke mata se vaha tIna aMjali devoM, tIna RSiyoM ko evaM eka prajApati ('devAstRpyantAm' ke rUpa meM) ko detA hai| eka anya niyama yaha hai ki eka hAtha (vAhine) se zrAva meM yA agni meM Ahuti dI jAtI hai, kintu tarpaNa meM jala donoM hAthoM se snAna karane vAlI nadI meM DAlA jAtA hai yA bhUmi para chor3A jAtA hai-zrAve havanakAle ca pANinakena diiyte| tarpaNe tUmayaM kuryAdeSa eva vidhiH smRtaH // nAradIya. (uttara, 57 / 62-63) / yadi koI vistRta vidhi se tarpaNa na kara sake to vaha nimna mantroM ke sAtha (jo vAyupurANa, 110 / 21-22 meM diye hue haiM) tila evaM kuza se mizrita jala ko tIna aMjaliyAM de sakatA hai--'AbrahmastambaparyantaM devrssipitRmaanvaaH| tRpyantu pitaraH sarve maatRmaataamhaadyH|| atItakulakoTInAM saptadvIpanivAsinAm / AbrahmabhuvanAllokAdidamastu tilodakam // ' 14. tarpaNa ke lie dekhie 'AhnikasUtrAvalI' yA nityakarma vidhi saMbandhI koI bhI pustaka / 'dharmarAja', 'citragupta ke lie dekhie varAhapurANa (adhyAya 203-205) /

Page #332
gaMgA snAnavidhi, gaMgA meM asthivisarjana 1325 yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki matsya 0 ( 102 / 2-31) ke zloka, jinakA niSkarSa Upara diyA gayA hai, kucha antaroM ke sAtha padma0 ( pAtAlakhaNDa 89 / 12 42 evaM sRSTikhaNDa 201145 - 176) meM bhI pAye jAte haiN| prAyazcittatattva (10502 ) meM gaMgA snAna ke samaya ke mantra diye hue haiM / 15 hamane isa grantha ke isa khaNDa ke adhyAya 7 meM dekha liyA hai ki viSNudharmasUtra Adi granthoM ne asthi-bhasma yA jalI huI asthiyoM kA prayAga yA kAzI yA anya tIrthoM meM pravAha karane kI vyavasthA dI hai| hamane asthi-pravAha kI vidhi kA varNana vahA~ kara diyA hai, do-eka bAteM yahA~ jor3a dI jA rahI haiN| isa viSaya meM eka hI zloka kucha antaroM ke sAtha kaI granthoM meM AyA hai / " agnipurANa meM AyA hai- 'mRta vyakti kA kalyANa hotA hai jaba ki usakI asthiyAM gaMgA meM DAlI jAtI haiM; jaba taka gaMgA ke jala meM asthiyoM kA eka Tukar3A bhI rahatA hai taba taka vyakti svarga meM nivAsa karatA hai|' AtmaghAtiyoM evaM patitoM kI antyeSTi-kriyA nahIM kI jAtI, kintu yadi unakI asthiyA~ bhI gaMgA meM rahatI haiM to unakA kalyANa hotA hai| tIrthaci 0 evaM tIrthapra0 ne brahma0 ke DhAI zloka uddhRta kiye haiM jo asthi-pravAha ke kRtya ko nirNayasindhu kI apekSA saMkSepa meM dete haiN|" zlokoM kA artha yaha hai- 'asthiyA~ le jAnevAle ko snAna karanA cAhie; asthiyoM para paMcagavya chir3akanA cAhie, una para sone kA eka Tukar3A, madhu evaM tila rakhanA cAhie, unheM kisI miTTI ke pAtra meM rakhanA cAhie aura isake uparAnta dakSiNa dizA meM dekhanA cAhie tathA yaha kahanA cAhie ki 'dharma ko namaskAra / ' isake uparAnta gaMgA meM praveza kara yaha kahanA cAhie 'dharma ( yA viSNu) mujhase prasanna hoM' aura asthiyoM ko jala meM bahA denA caahie| isake uparAnta use snAna karanA cAhie; bAhara nikalakara sUrya ko dekhanA cAhie aura kisI brAhmaNa ko dakSiNA denI caahie| yadi vaha aisA karatA hai to mRta kI sthiti indra ke samAna ho jAtI hai|' aura dekhie skanda0 (kAzIkhaNDa, 30 / 42-46) jahA~ yaha vidhi kucha vizada rUpa meM varNita hai| gaMgA meM asthi-pravAha kI 15. viSNupAdAbjasambhUte gaMge tripathagAmini / dharmavrateti vikhyAte pApaM me hara jAhnavi // zraddhayA bhaktisampanne ( ? ) zrImAtardevi jAhnavi / amRtenAmbunA devi bhAgIratha punIhi mAm // smRtica0 ( 1|131 ) ; prAya0 tattva 0 (502 ) ; ; tvaM veva saritAM nAtha tvaM devi saritAM bare / ubhayoH saMgame snAtvA muJcAmi duritAni vai / vahI / aura dekhie padma0 ( sRSTikhaNDa, 60/60 ) / 16. yAvadasthi manuSyasya gaMgAyAH spRzate jalam / tAvatsa puruSo rAjan svargaloke mahIyate // vanaparva ( 85 / 94= padma0 1139.87 ) ; anuzAsanaparva ( 36 / 32 ) meM AyA hai--' yAvadasthIni gaMgAyAM tiSThanti hi zarIriNaH / tAvadvarSasahasrANi mahIyate / / ' yahI bAta matya0 ( 106 / 52 ) meM bhI hai| kUrma0 ( 1 / 37 / 32 ) ne 'puruSasya tu' par3hA hai| nArada 0 ( uttara, 43 / 109) meM AyA hai - ' yAvantyasthoni gaMgAyAM tiSThanti puruSasya vai / tAvadvarSa... mahIyate / ' punaH nArada 0 ( usara, 62 / 51 ) meM AyA hai -- yAvanti nakhalomAni gaMgAtoye patanti vai / tAvadvarSasahasrANi svargaloke mahIyate // nAradIya0 (pUrvArdha, 151163 ) - kezAsthinakhadantAzca bhasmApi nRpasattama / nayanti viSNusadanaM spRSTA gAMgena vAriNA // 17. snAtvA tataH paMcagavena siktvA hiraNyamadhvAjyatilena yojyam / tatastu mRtpiNDapuTe nidhAya pazyan dizaM pretagaNopagUDhAm // namo'stu dharmAya vadan pravizya jalaM sa me prIta iti kSipecca / snAtvA tathottIrya ca bhAskaraM ca dRSTvA pradadyAvatha dakSiNAM tu / evaM kRtaM pretapurasthitasya svarge gatiH syAtta, mahendra tulyA brahma0 (tIrthaci0, pR0 265-266 evaM tIryapra0, 50 374) / gaMgAbA0 (10272 ) ne kucha antara ke sAtha ise brahmANDa se uddhRta kiyA hai, yathA--': -- 'yastu sarvahito viSNuH sa me prIta iti kSipet / ' aura dekhie nArada0 ( uttara, 43 / 113-115) /

Page #333
1326 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa paramparA sambhavataH sagara ke putroM kI gAthA se utpanna huI hai| sagara ke putra kapila RSi ke krodha se bhasma ho gaye the aura bhagIratha ke prayatna se svarga se nIce lAyI gayI gaMgA ke jala se unakI bhasma bahA dI gayI taba unheM rakSA milii| isa kathA ke lie dekhie vanaparva (adhyAya 107-109) evaM viSNupurANa (2 / 8-10) / nAradIya0 ke mata se na kevala bhasma huI asthiyoM ko gaMgA meM pravAhita karane se mRta ko kalyANa prApta hotA hai, pratyuta nakha evaM keza DAla dene se bhI kalyANa hotA hai| skanda0 (kAzIkhaNDa, 27 / 80) meM AyA hai ki jo loga gaMgA ke taToM para khar3e hokara dUsare tIrtha kI prazaMsA karate haiM yA gaMgA kI prazaMsA karane yA mahattA gAne meM nahIM saMlagna rahate ve naraka meM jAte haiN| kAzIkhaNDa ne Age vyavasthA dI hai ki viziSTa dinoM meM gaMgAsnAna se viziSTa evaM adhika puNyaphala prApta hote haiM, yathA-- sAdhAraNa dinoM kI apekSA amAvasa para snAna karane se sau gunA phala prApta hotA hai, saMkrAMti para snAna karane se sahasra gunA, sUrya yA candra ke grahaNa para snAna karane se sau lAkha ganA aura somavAra ke dina candragrahaNa para yA ravivAra ke dina sUrya-grahaNa para snAna karane se asaMkhya phala prApta hotA hai|" tristhalI prayAga, kAzI evaM gayA ko tristhalI kahA jAtA hai| prasiddha vidvAn paM0 nArAyaNa bhaTTa (janmakAla 1513 I.) ne vArANasI meM tristhalIsetu nAmaka grantha (lagabhaga sana 1580 meM) likhA, jisameM kevala tIna tIrthoM kA varNana upasthita kiyA gayA hai| prayAga ke viSaya meM 1-72 pRSTha, kAzI ke viSaya meM 72-316 pRSTha aura gayA ke viSaya meM 316-379 paSTha likhe gaye haiN| hama nIce ina tInoM tIrthoM kA varNana upasthita kreNge| prayAga gaMgA-yamunA ke saMgama se sambandhita atyanta prAcIna nirdezoM meM eka khila mantra hai, jo bahudhA Rgveda (1075) meM par3hA jAtA hai aura usakA anuvAda yoM hai-"jo loga zveta (sita) yA kRSNa (nIla yA asita) do nadiyoM ke milana-sthala para snAna karate haiM, ve svarga ko uThate (ur3ate) haiM; jo dhIra loga vahA~ apanA zarIra tyAga karate haiM (DUba kara mara jAte haiM), ve mokSa pAte haiN|"21 sambhavataH yaha apekSAkRta pazcAtkAlIna mantra hai| skandapurANa ne ise zruti 18. tIrthamanyatprazaMsanti gaGgAtIre sthitAzca ye| gaMgAM na bahu manyante te syunirayagAminaH // skanda0 (kAzIkhaNDa, 27480) / 19. darze zataguNaM puNyaM saMkrAntau ca sahasrakam / candrasUryagrahe lakSa vyatIpAte tvanantakam // .. .somagrahaH somadina ravivAre rvgrhH| taccUDAmaNiparvAkhyaM tatra snAnamasaMkhyakam // skanda0 (kAzIkhaNDa, 27 / 129-131) / 20. trayANAM sthalAnAM samAhAraH tristhlii| 21. sitAsite sarite yatra saGgate tatrAplutAso divamutpatanti / ye vai tanvaM visRjanti dhIrAste janAso amRtatvaM bhajante // tristhalI0 (pR0 3) ke mata se yaha AzvalAyana zAkhA kA pUraka zruti-vacana hai| kintu tIrthacintAmaNi (pR0 47) ne ise Rgveda kA mantra mAnA hai| yaha sambhava hai ki isa mantra se AtmahatyA ko bar3hAvA nahIM milatA, pratyuta isase yahI bhAva prakaTa hotA hai ki kevala eka bAra ke snAna se vyakti svarga jAtA hai, aura yadi vyakti prayAga meM mara jAtA hai to vaha samyaka brahmajJAna ke binA bhI mokSapada prApta kara letA hai| dekhie raghuvaMza (13158), 'tattva bodhena vinAri bhUyastanutyajA nAsti zarIrabandhaH' (tIryapra0, pR0 313) / skanda (kAzIkhaNDa, 7 / 54) kA kathana hai-'bhUtibhiH

Page #334
prayAna kA artha aura sImA 1327 kahA hai| mahAbhArata ne prayAga kI mahattA kA varNana kiyA hai (vana0 85 / 69-97, 87 // 18-20; anuzAsana 25 / 36-38) / purANoM meM bhI isakI prazasti gAyI gayI hai (matsya0, adhyAya 103-112; kUrma0 1136-39; patra. 1, adhyAya 40-49; skanda0, kAzIkhaNDa, adhyAya 7445-65) / hama kevala kucha hI zlokoM kI ora saMketa kara skeNge| yaha jJAtavya hai ki rAmAyaNa ne prayAga ke viSaya meM kucha vizeSa nahIM kahA hai| saMgama kA varNana AyA hai, kintu aisA pratIta hotA hai ki una dinoM vahA~ vana thA (rAmAyaNa, 2154-6) / prayAga ko tIrtharAja kahA gayA hai (matsya0 109 / 15, skanda0 kAzIkhaNDa, 7 / 45 evaM padma0, 6 / 23 / 27-35, jahA~ pratyeka zloka ke anta meM "sa tIrtharAjo jayati prayAgaH" AyA hai)| gAthA yoM hai ki prajApati yA pitAmaha (brahmA) ne yahA~ yajJa kiyA thA prayAga brahmA kI vediyoM meM bIca vAlI vedI hai, anya vediyA~ haiM uttara meM kurukSetra (jise utsaravedI kahA jAtA hai) evaM pUrva meM gyaa| aisA vizvAsa hai ki prayAga meM tIna nadiyA~ milatI haiM, yathA gaMgA, yamunA evaM sarasvatI (jo donoM ke bIca meM antabhUmi meM hai)| matsya, kUrma Adi purANoM meM aisA kahA gayA hai ki prayAga ke darzana, nAma lene yA isakI miTTI lagAne mAtra se manuSya pApamukta ho jAtA hai| kUrma0 ne ghoSaNA kI hai--'yaha prajApati kA pavitra sthala hai, jo yahA~ snAna karate haiM, ve svarga jAte haiM aura jo yahA~ mara jAte haiM ve punaH janma nahIM lete|' yahI punIta sthala tIrtharAja hai; yaha kezava ko priya hai| isI ko triveNI kI saMjJA milI hai|' 'prayAga' zabda kI vyutpatti kaI prakAra se kI gayI hai| vanaparva meM AyA hai ki sabhI jIvoM ke adhIza brahmA ne yahAM prAcIna kAla meM yajJa kiyA thA aura isI se 'yaj' dhAtu se 'prayAga' banA hai| skanda0 ne ise 'pra' evaM 'yAga' se yukta mAnA hai"---'isalie kahA jAtA hai ki yaha sabhI yajJoM se uttama hai, hari, hara Adi devoM ne ise 'prayAga' nAma diyA hai|' matsya0 ne 'pra' upasarga para bala diyA hai aura kahA hai ki anya tIrthoM kI tulanA meM yaha adhika prabhAvazAlI hai| paripaThyete sitAsite srivre| tatrAplutAMgA hmamRtaM bhavantIti vinishcitm|| (tristhalIsetu, pR0 11) / aura dekhie kAzIkhaNa (7 / 46) / isameM sandeha nahIM ki isa zloka meM vaidika raMga hai| tristhalI0 (pR04) meM eka anya pAThAntara kI ora saMketa hai| gaMgA kA jala zveta (sita) evaM yamunA kA nIla hotA hai| saMskRta ke kaviyoM ne bahudhA jalaraMgoM kI. mora saMketa kiyA hai| dekhie raghuvaMza (13 / 54-57) / 22. vaza tIrthasahasrANi tisraH kottystthaapraaH| samAgacchanti mAdhyAM tu prayAge bharatarSabha // mAghamAsaM prayAge duniyataH saMzitavrataH / snAtvA tu bharatazreSTha nirmalaH svargamApnuyAt / / anuzAsana0 (25 / 36-38) / darzanAttasya tIrthasya nAmasaMkItanAdapi / mRttikAlambhanAdvApi naraH pApAt pramucyate // matsya0 (104 / 12), kUrma0 (1136 / 27) / aura dekhie agni0 (111 // 6-7) evaM vanaparva (85 / 80) / etat prajApateH kSetraM triSu lokeSu vizrutam / atra snAtvA vivaM gAnti ye mRtAste'punarbhavAH // kUrma0 (1136 / 20) / matsya0 (104.5 evaM 111|14)evN nArada0 (uttara, 63 // 127-128) ne bhI ise 'prajApatikSetra' kI saMjJA dI hai| 23. gaMgAyamunayorvIra saMgama lokavizrutam / yatrAyajata bhUtAtmA pUrvameva pitaamhH| prayAgamiti vikhyAtaM tasmAd bharatasattama // vanaparva (87 // 18-19); tathA sarveSu lokeSu prayAgaM pUjayed budhH| pUjyate tIrtharAjastu satyameva yudhiSThira // matsya0 (109 / 15) / 24. prakRSTaM sarvayAgemyaH prayAgamiti giiyte| dRSTvA prakRSTayAgebhyaH puSTebhyo dkssinnaadibhiH| prayAgamiti tannAma kRtaM hrihraadibhiH|| (tristhalIsetu, pR0 13) / prathama aMza skanda0 (kAzI0 7449) meM bhI AyA hai| bataH'prayAga' kA artha hai 'yAgemyaH prakRSTaH', 'yajJoM se bar3hakara jo hai yA 'prakRSTo yAgo yatra', 'jahA~ utkRSTa yajJa hai|'

Page #335
1328 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa brahma0 kA kathana hai-prakRSTatA ke kAraNa yaha prayAga hai aura pradhAnatA ke kAraNa yaha 'rAja' zabda (tIrtharAja ) se yukta hai / 25 'prayAgamaNDala', 'prayAga' evaM 'veNI' (yA 'triveNI') ke antara ko prakaTa karanA cAhie, jinameM Age kA pratyeka pUrva vAle se apekSAkRta choTA kintu adhika pavitra hai / matsya 0 " kA kathana hai ki prayAga kA vistAra paridhi meM pA~ca yojana hai aura jyoM hI koI usa bhUmikhaNDa meM praviSTa hotA hai, usake pratyeka pada para azvamedha kA phala hotA hai / tristhalI setu ( pR0 15) meM isakI vyAkhyA yoM kI gayI hai-- yadi brahmayUpa ( brahmA ke yajJastambha ) ko khUMTI mAnakara koI Der3ha yojana rassI se cAroM ora mApe to vaha pA~ca yojana kI paridhi vAlA sthala prayAgamaNDala hogA / vanaparva, matsya 0 ( 104/5 evaM 106 / 30) Adi ne prayAga ke kSetraphala kI paribhASA dI hai - 'prayAga kA vistAra pratiSThAna se vAsuki ke jalAzaya taka hai aura kambala nAga evaM azvatara nAga tathA bahumUlaka taka hai; yaha tIna lokoM meM prajApati ke pavitra sthala ke rUpa meM vikhyAta hai / ' matsya 0 ( 106 / 30) ne kahA hai ki gaMgA ke pUrva meM samudrakUpa hai, jo pratiSThAna hI hai / tristhalasetu ne ise yoM vyAkhyAta kiyA hai -- pUrva sImA pratiSThAna kA kUpa hai, uttara meM vAsukihrada hai, pazcima meM kambala evaM azvatara : haiM aura dakSiNa meM bahumUlaka hai| ina sImAoM ke bhItara prayAga tIrtha hai| matsya 0 ( kalpataru, tIrtha, pR0 143 ) ke mata se donoM nAga yamunA ke dakSiNI kinAre para haiM, kintu mudrita grantha meM 'vipule yamunAtaTe' pATha hai| kintu prakAzita padma 0 ( 1143 / 27 ) se patA calatA hai ki kalpataru kA pAThAntara ( yamunA- dakSiNe taTe) ThIka hai| veNI kSetra prayAga ke antargata hai aura vistAra meM 20 dhanu hai, jaisA ki padma0 meM AyA hai|" yahA~ tIna pavitra kUpa haiM, yathA prayAga, pratiSThAnapura evaM alarkapura meM matsya 0 evaM agni0 kA kathana hai ki yahAM tIna agnikuNDa haiM aura gaMgA unake madhya se bahatI hai / jahA~ bhI kahIM purANoM meM snAna sthala kA varNana (viziSTa saMketoM ko chor3akara) AyA hai, usakA tAtparya hai veNI-sthala-snAna aura veNI kA tAtparya hai donoM (gaMgA evaM yamunA ) kA saMgama / " vanaparva evaM kucha purANoM ke mata 25. prabhAvAtsarvatIrthebhyaH prabhavatyadhikaM vibho / matsya0 (110 / 11) / prakRSTatvAtprayAgosau prASAnyAdrAjazabdavAn / brahmapurANa (tristhalIsetu, pR0 13 ) / 26. paJcayojanavistIrNaM prayAgasya tu maNDalam / praviSTamAtre tadbhUmAvazvamedhaH pade pade // matsya 0 ( 108/9-10, 1118 ) ; padma0 ( 114518 ) / kUrma0 (213514) meM AyA hai -- paMcayojanavistIrNa brahmaNaH parameSThinaH / prayAgaM prathitaM tIrthaM yasya mAhAtmyamIritam // 27. A prayAga pratiSThAnAdyatpurA vAsukedAt / kambalAzvatarau nAgau nAgazca bahumUlakaH / etat prajApateH kSetra triSu lokeSu vizrutam / matsya 0 ( 104|5 ) ; padma0 (1139 / 69-70, 41 / 4-5 ) meM bhI yahI bAta kahI gayI hai| vanaparva ( 85/76-77) meM AyA hai--' prayAgaM sapratiSThAnaM kambalAzvatarAvubhau / tIrthaM bhogavatI caiva vedireSA prajApateH // tatra vedAzca yajJAzca mUrtimanto yudhiSThira / agni0 ( 111 / 5 ) meM bhI AyA hai- 'prayAga ... prajApateH' (yahA~ 'bedI proktA' par3hA gayA hai) / 28. mAghaH sitAsite vipra rAjasUyaiH samo bhavet / dhanuviMzativistIrNe sitanIlAmbusaMgame // iti pAprokteH / tristhalosetu ( pR075) / sitAsita (zveta evaM nIla) kA artha hai 'veNI' / 'dhanu' kA mApa barAbara hotA hai cAra hAthoM yA 96 aMguloM ke / 29. tatra trINyagnikuNDAni yeSAM madhyena jAhnavI / vanaparva ( 85 / 73); trINi cApyagnikuNDAni yeSAM madhye jAhnavI | matsya0 (11014), agni0 (111 / 12) evaM padma0 ( 1 39 / 67 evaM 1 / 49 / 4) / matsya 0 ( 104 / 13 ) evaM kUrma 0 ( 1136 / 28-29) ne 'paJca kuNDAni' par3hA hai|

Page #336
prayAga aura triveNI kI mahimA 1329 se gaMgA evaM yamunA ke bIca kI bhUmi pRthivI kI jA~gha hai (arthAt yaha pRthivI kI atyanta samRddhizAlI bhUmi hai) aura prayAga jaghanoM kI upastha-bhUmi hai|" narasiMha0 (63 / 17) kA kathana hai ki prayAga meM viSNu yogamUrti ke rUpa meM haiN| matsya0 (111 / 4-10) meM AyA hai ki kalpa ke anta meM jaba rudra vizva kA nAza kara dete haiM usa samaya bhI prayAga kA nAza nahIM hotA hai / brahmA, viSNu evaM mahezvara (ziva) prayAga meM rahate haiN| pratiSThAna ke uttara meM brahmA gupta rUpa meM rahate haiM, viSNu vahA~ veNImAdhava ke rUpa meM rahate haiM aura ziva vahA~ akSayavaTa ke rUpa meM rahate haiN| isI lie gandharvo ke sAtha devagaNa, siddha loga evaM bar3e-bar3a RSigaNa prayAga ke maNDala ko duSTa karmoM se bacAte rahate hai|" isI se matsya0 (104 / 18) meM AyA hai ki yAtrI ko devarakSita prayAga meM jAnA cAhie, vahA~ eka mAsa ThaharanA cAhie, vahA~ sambhoga nahIM karanA cAhie, devoM evaM pitaroM kI pUjA karanI cAhie aura vAMchita phala prApta karane caahie| isI purANa (105 / 16-22) ne yaha bhI kahA hai ki vahA~ dAna karanA cAhie, aura isane vastroM, AbhUSaNoM evaM ratnoM se suzobhita kapilA gAya ke dAna kI prazasti gAyI hai| aura dekhie pana0 (Adi, 42117-24) / matsya0 (106 / 8-9) ne prayAga meM kanyA ke ArSa vivAha kI bar3I prazaMsA kI hai| matsya0 (105 / 13-14) ne sAmAnya rUpa se kahA hai ki yadi koI gAya, sonA, ratna, motI Adi kA dAna karatA hai to usakI yAtrA suphala hotI hai aura use puNya prApta hotA hai, tathA jaba koI apanI samarthatA evaM dhana ke anusAra dAna karatA hai to tIrthayAtrA kI phala-bRddhi hotI hai, aura vaha kalpAnta taka svarga meM rahatA hai| brahmANDa0 ne AzvAsana diyA hai ki yAtrI jo kucha apanI yogyatA ke anusAra kurukSetra, prayAga, gaMgA-sAgara ke saMgama, gaMgA, puSkara, setubandha, gaMgAdvAra evaM naimiSa meM detA hai usase ananta phala milatA hai| vanaparva (85 / 82-8377) meM AyA hai ki yaha brahmA kI yajJa-bhUmi devoM dvArA pUjita hai aura yahA~ para thor3A bhI diyA gayA dAna mahAn hotA hai| tInoM nadiyoM kA saMgama 'oMkAra se sambandhita mAnA gayA hai (oMkAra zabda brahma kA dyotaka hai)| purANa-vacana aisA hai ki om' ke tIna bhAga, arthAt a, u evaM m krama se sarasvatI, yamunA evaM gaMgA ke dyotaka haiM aura tInoM ka jala krama se pradyumna, aniruddha evaM saMkarSaNa hari ke pratIka haiN| yaha jJAtavya hai ki yadyapi matsya0, kUrma0 (1 // 37 // 39), padma0 (Adi, adhyAya 41-49), agni0 (111) 30. gaMgAyamunayormadhyaM pRthivyA jaghanaM smRtam / prayAgaM jaghanasthAnamupasthamRSayo viduH // vanaparva (85 / 75 pA0 1339 / 69 evaM 1143 / 19); agni0 (111 / 4); kUrma0 (1 // 37 // 12) evaM matsya0 (106 / 19) / bhAvanA yaha hai ki tIrtha-sthala pRthivI ke baccoM ke samAna hai| 31. prayAgaM nivasantyete brhmvissnnumheshvraaH| uttareNa pratiSThAnAcchadmanA brahma tiSThati ||venniimaadhvruupii tu bhagavAstatra tisstthti| mahezvaro vaTo bhUtvA tiSThate prmeshvrH|| tato devAH sagandharvAH siddhAzca prmrssyH| rakSanti maNDalaM nitya pApakarmanivAraNAt // matsya0 (111 // 4-10) / aura dekhie kUrma0 (1136 / 23-26), padma0 (AvikhaNDa 4116-10) / 32. kurukSetre prayAge ca gNgaasaagrsNgme| gaMgAyAM puSkare seto gaMgAdvAre ca naimisse| yaddAnaM dIyate zaktyA tadAnantyAya kalpate // brahmANDa0 (tristhalIsetu, pR0 24) / 33. omityekAkSaraM brahma prbrhmaabhidhaaykm| tadeva veNI vijJeyA sarvasaulyapradAyinI // akAraH zAradA proktA pradhumnastatra jaayte| ukAro yamunA proktAniruddhastajjalAtmakaH // makAro jAhnavI gaMgA tatra saMkarSaNo hriH| evaM triveNI vikhyAtA vedabIjaM prakotitA // tristhalIsetu (108) dvArA uddht|

Page #337
1330 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa Adi purANoM meM prayAga ke viSaya meM saikar3oM zloka haiM, kintu kalpataru (tIrtha) ne, jo tIrtha sambandhI sabase prAcIna nibandha hai, kevala matsya 0 ( 10411-13 evaM 16 - 20; 10511-22; 106 / 1-48; 107/2-21; 1083-5, 8- 17 evaM 23-24; 109 / 10-12; 110 11111 / 8-10, kula milAkara lagabhaga 151 zloka evaM vanaparva adhyAya 85 / 79-87 evaM 97 ) ko uddhRta kiyA hai aura kahIM bhI vyAkhyA yA vivecana ke rUpa kucha bhI nahIM jor3A hai| kintu anya nibandhoM ne purANoM se khulakara uddharaNa diye haiM aura kaI viSayoM para vizada vivecana upasthita kiyA hai| hama kucheka bAtoM kI carcA yahA~ kreNge| eka prasaMga hai prayAga meM vapana yA muNDana kA / gaMgAvA valI ( pR0 298 ) evaM tIrthaprakAza ( pR0 335 ) kA kathana hai ki yadyapi kalpataru ke lekhaka ne prayAga meM vapuna ke viSaya meM kucha nahIM likhA hai, kintu ziSToM evaM nibandhakAroM ne ise anivArya ThaharAyA hai| adhikAMza lekhakoM ne do zlokoM kA havAlA diyA hai--prayAga meM vapana karAnA cAhie, gayA meM piNDadAna, kurukSetra meM dAna aura vArANasI meM (dhArmika) AtmahatyA karanI caahie| yadi kisI ne prayAga meM vapana karA liyA hai to usa vyakti ke lie gayA meM piNDadAna, kAzI meM mRtyu yA kurukSetra meM dAna karanA adhika mahatva nahIM rkhtaa|" ina zlokoM ke artha, rAtrisatra nyAya (nirNaya) ke prayoga evaM vapana ke phala ke viSaya meM vizada vivecana upasthita kiyA gayA hai| hama sthAnAbhAva se yaha saba nahIM likheMge / tristhalIsetu ( pR017 ) ke mata se zloka kevala prayAga meM vapana kI prazaMsA mAtra karatA hai aura isase jo phala prApta hotA hai vaha hai pApamukti / isane ina zlokoM ke viSaya meM rAtrisatra nyAya ke prayoga kA khaNDana kiyA hai| kintu tIrthaci 0 ( pR032 ) ne isa nyAya kA prayoga kiyA hai|" tristhalIsetu dvArA upasthApita kucha niSkarSa ye haiM ki prayAga kI eka hI yAtrA meM (bhale hI vyakti vahA~ kucha dina Thahare) dhArmika muNDana kevala eka bAra hotA hai, vidhavAoM ko bhI muNDana karAnA hotA hai, sadhavAe~ kevala apane jUr3e se do yA tIna aMgula bAla kaTAkara triveNI meM chor3a detI haiM aura upanayana saMskAra- vihIna kintu caula- karmayukta bacce bhI muNDana karAte haiM ( pR0 23-24) / tristhalIsetu ( pR0 22) kA kathana hai ki kucha sampradAyI gaNa, kucha vacanoM para vizvAsa karake ki vyakti ke kezoM meM pApa lage rahate haiM, kahate haiM ki do tIna bAla-gucchoM kA vapana kevala kartana mAtra hogA na ki muNDana; sadhavAoM ko bhI prayAga meM 34. prayAge vapanaM kuryAd gayAyAM piNDapAtanam / dAnaM dadyAt kurukSetre vArANasyAM tanuM tyajet / / kiM gayApiNDadAnena kAzyAM vA maraNena kim / kiM kurukSetradAnena prayAge vapanaM yadi || gaMgAvA 0 ( pR0 298 ) ; tIrthaci 0 ( 10 32 ) ; tristhalI 0 ( pR0 17 ) ; tIthapra0 ( pR0 335) / ye donoM zloka nAradIya0 ( uttara, 63 / 103-104) ke haiM / 35. rAtri satra nyAya kI carcA jaimini0 (4 / 3 / 17-19 ) meM huI hai| paMcaviMza brAhmaNa ( 23 / 214 ) meM AyA hai--' pratitiSThanti ya etA rAtrIrupayanti' yahA~ paMcaviMza meM rAtrisatra kI vyavasthA to hai, kintu spaSTa rUpa se kisI phala kI carcA nahIM kI gayI hai / prazna uThatA hai; kyA kisI spaSTa phala ke udghoSa ke abhAva meM svargaprApti ke phala ko samajha liyA jaay| kyoMki jaimini0 4 / 3 / 15-16 ne vyAkhyA kI hai ki jahA~ kisI phala kI spaSTa ukti na huI ho, usa yajJa sampAdana kA phala svarga-prApti samajhanA cAhie ? yA pratiSThA (sthira sthiti) ko, jo uparyukta arthavAda meM AyA hai, rAtrisatra kA phala mAnA jAya ? uttara yaha hai ki yahA~ phala pratiSThA hai na ki svarga, arthAt yadyapi rAtrisatra ke viSaya meM kisI spaSTa phala kA ullekha nahIM hai, kintu aryavAda-vacana ko phala vyavasthA kA dyotaka samajhanA caahie| donoM zlokoM meM 'prayAge vapanaM kuryAt ' ke zabdoM meM vidhi hai aura dUsarA zloka arthavAda hai| prazna yaha hai ki kauna-sA phala milatA hai| yadi rAtri satra nyAya kA prayoga kiyA jAya to muNDana se gayApiNDadAna, kurukSetradAna evaM kAzItanutyAga ke phala prApta hote haiN| kintu yadi isakA prayoga na kiyA jAya to pApAbhAva hI phala hai|

Page #338
prayAga meM muNDana aura deha tyAga kA vidhAna 1331. muNDana karAnA caahie| aisI nAriyoM ko apane kezoM kI veNI banAkara use kuMkuma evaM anya zubha padArthoM se suzobhita kara apane pati ke samakSa jhukakara anumati mA~ganI cAhie aura anumati pAkara muNDana karanA cAhie, phira sira para sone yA cA~dI kI veNI evaM motI tathA sIpI rakhakara sabako gaMgA-yamunA ke saMgama (veNI) meM nimna mantra par3hakara bahA denA cAhie- 'veNI meM isa veNI ko pheMkane se mere sAre pApa naSTa ho jAya~, aura AnevAle jIvana meM merA sadhavApana vRddhi ko prApta ho / ' tristhalIsetu kA kathana hai ki prayAga ko chor3akara anya tIrthoM meM nAriyA~ muNDana nahIM karAtIM, isakA eka mAtra kAraNa hai ziSTAcAra ( vidvAn logoM kA AcaraNa yA vyavahAra ) / nAradIya0 ( uttara, 63 / 106) ne striyoM ke viSaya meM parAzara ke niyamoM ko mAnyatA dI hai| prAyazcittatattva ( raghunandanakRta) ne prayAga meM striyoM ke lie pUrNa muNDana kI vyavasthA dI hai| aisA sambhava hai ki sadhavA striyoM kI veNI ko kATakara pheMkanA 'veNI' (donoM nadiyoM ke saMgama ) zabda se nirdezita ho gayA hai, kyoMki saMgama sthala para gaMgA kucha dUra taka Ter3hI hokara bahatI hai (tristhalI0, pR0 8 ) / prAcIna evaM madhya kAla ke lekhakoM ne isa bAta para vicAra kiyA hai ki saMgama yA akSayavaTa ke tale AtmahatyA karane se pApa lagatA hai ki nahIM aura nahIM lagatA to kaba aisA karanA caahie| isa viSaya meM hamane isa grantha ke khaNDa 3, adhyAya 34 meM vicAra kara liyA hai| do-eka bAteM yahA~ bhI de dI jA rahI haiN| sAmAnyataH dharmazAstrIya vacana yaha hai ki AtmahatyA karanA pApa hai| Apa0 dha0 sU0 (1 / 10 / 28 / 15-17) ne hArIta kA vacana uddhRta karake kahA hai ki mahApAtaka karane ke uparAnta bhI prAyazcita svarUpa AtmahatyA karanA acchA nahIM hai / isane hatyA karanA evaM AtmahatyA karanA donoM ko samAna mAnA hai| manu ( 5 / 89 ) evaM yAjJa 0 ( 3 / 154 ) ne AtmahatyA ko garhita ThaharAyA hai aura AtmahatyAre kI antyeSTi kA niSedha kiyA hai, kintu manu mahApAtakoM ke lie prAyazcittasvarUpa AtmahatyA kI vyavasthA dete haiM (11 / 73, 90-91 evaM 103-104) / kintu smRtiyoM, mahAkAvyoM evaM purANoM ne AtmahatyA ko apavAda rUpa meM mAnA hai| ise hama kaI koTiyoM meM rakha sakate haiM - ( 1 ) mahApAtakoM (brahmahatyA, surApAna, brAhmaNa ke sone kI corI, gurutalpagamana) ke aparAdha meM kaI vidhiyoM se AtmahatyA karanA; (2) asAdhya rogoM se pIr3ita hone evaM apane Azrama ke dharmo ke pAlana meM asamartha hone para vAnaprastha kA mahAprasthAnagamana yA mahApathayAtrA ( manu6 / 31 evaM yAjJa0 3 / 55); (3) bUr3he vyakti dvArA, jaba vaha zarIra zuddhi ke niyamoM kA pAlana nahIM kara sakatA yA jaba vaha asAdhya roga se pIr3ita hai, prapAta se girakara, agni meM jalakara, jala meM DUbakara, upavAsa kara, himAlaya meM mahAprayANa kara yA prayAga meM vaTa-vRkSa kI zAkhA se nIce girakara AtmahatyA karanA ( aparArka, pR0 877, AdipurANa, atrismRti 218-219 ke uddharaNa; medhAtithi, manu 5188; mitA0, yAjJa0 3 / 6 ) ; (4) gRhastha bhI svastha rahane para bhI, uparyukta saM 0 3 ke anusAra AtmahatyA kara sakatA hai, yadi usake jIvana kA kArya samApta ho cukA ho, yadi use saMsAra ke sukhabhoga kI icchA na ho aura jIne kI icchA na ho yA yadi vaha vedAntI ho aura jIvana ke kSaNa-bhaMgura svabhAva se avagata ho to himAlaya meM upavAsa karake prANa tyAga sakatA hai; (5) dhArmika AtmahatyA gaMgA evaM yamunA ke saMgama para evaM vahIM vaTa ke pAsa aura kucha anya tIrthoM meM vyavasthita hai; ( 6 ) sahagamana yA anumaraNa dvArA patnI mara sakatI hai| satI ke viSaya meM nAradIya0 (pUrvArdha, 7152-53 ) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki usa nArI ko apane pati kI citA para nahIM jala maranA cAhie jisakA baccA choTA ho yA jisake choTe-choTe bacce hoM, jo garbhavatI ho yA jo abhI yuvA na huI ho yA usa samaya vaha rajasvalA ho / purANoM ke isa kathana meM logoM kA aTUTa vizvAsa thA ki prayAga meM (saMgama yA vaTa ke pAsa) mara jAne se mokSa prApta hotA hai (mokSa mAnava-jIvana ke cAra puruSArthoM meM sarvocca mAnA jAtA thA), yahA~ taka ki kAlidAsa jaise mahAn kaviyoM ne kahA hai ki yadyapi mokSa yA kaivalya yA apavarga ke lie vedAnta, sAMkhya evaM nyAya ke anusAra parabrahma kI anubhUti evaM samyak jJAna Avazyaka hai kintu pavitra saMgama para kI mRtyu tattvajJAna ke binA bhI mokSa de sakatI hai| yaza: 95

Page #339
1332 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa karNadeva, candela dhaMgadeva evaM cAlukya somezvara ne prayAga yA tuMgabhadrA para AtmahatyA kI thii| magadha ke rAjA kumAragupta ne gobara ke upaloM kI agni meM praveza kiyA thaa| matsya0 (1079-10 papra0, Adi, 44 / 2) meM AyA hai'vaha vyakti, jo rogagrasta na rahane para bhI, zarIra kA hrAsa na hone para bhI aura pA~coM indriyoM ko vaza meM rakhane para bhI karSAgna vA karISAgni ( gobara ke upaloM kI agni ) meM jalakara mara jAtA hai vaha svarga meM utane hI varSoM taka rahatA hai| jitane usake zarIra meM chidra hote haiN|' rAjataraMgiNI (6 / 14 ) meM aise rAjakarmacAriyoM kA ullekha hai jo upavAsa se AtmahatyA ( prAyopaveza) karanevAloM kA nirIkSaNa karate the / 36 usa mahatvapUrNa zloka kA anuvAda, jisake AdhAra para prayAga meM AtmahatyA kI anumati milI hai, nimna hai'tumheM vedavacana evaM lokavacana ke niSedha karane para bhI prayAga meM prANa tyAga kI bhAvanA se dUra nahIM rahanA caahie| 37 vedavacana nimna hai (vAja0 saM0 40/3) jisakA zAbdika artha hai 'asuroM ke loka andha haiM, jo loga AtmahatyA karate haiM ve ina lokoM meM jAte haiM / ' yaha mantra AtmahatyA karane ke viSaya meM nahIM hai, pratyata usake lie hai jo satya AtmA ajJAna meM rahakara mAnoM apanI AtmA kA hanana karatA hai / kintu vidvAn lekhakoM evaM kaviyoM ne bhI ise AtmahatyAsambandhI mAna liyA ( uttara - rAmacarita, aMka 413 ) / dUsarA vaidika vacana zatapathabrAhmaNa (10 / 2 / 6 / 7 ) kA hai-- ' pUrNa jIvana ke pUrva mara jAne kI abhilASA ko jItanA cAhie, kyoMki isase ( pUrI Ayu ke pUrva mara jAne se ) svarga kI prApti nahIM hotI / ' lokavacana kA tAtparya hai ve smRti vacana jo AtmahatyA ko varjita mAnate haiM / yathA gautama ( 14/12). vasiSTha 0 ( 23314-15), manu ( 5/88 ) evaM viSNudharmasUtra ( 22/56 ) / isameM sandeha nahIM ki kucha smRtiyoM evaM mahAbhArata ne svayaM tathA purANoM ne kucha paristhitiyoM meM AtmahatyA ko garhita nahIM mAnA hai| kucha udAharaNa diye jA rahe haiN| kUrma ke do zloka ye haiM-' vaha lakSya, jo yogI manuSya yA saMnyAsI ko prApta hotA hai, use bhI milatA hai jo gaMgA-yamunA ke saMgama para prANa tyAgatA hai| jo bhI koI jAnakara yA anajAna meM gaMgA meM maratA hai vaha svarga meM janma letA hai aura naraka nahIM dekhatA / ' kUrma 0 ( 1 / 32 / 22 ) ne spaSTa kahA hai, 'sahasroM janmoM ke uparAnta mokSa mila sakatA hai yA nahIM bhI mila sakatA, kintu eka hI janma se kAzI meM mokSa mila sakatA hai|' padma0 ( sRSTi 60/65) meM AyA hai -- 'jAne yA anajAne, cAhe yA anacAhe yadi koI gaMgA meM maratA hai to vaha marane para svarga evaM mokSa pAtA hai / ' skanda0 ( kAzI0 22 / 76 ) meM AyA hai--' jo isa pavitra sthala meM kisI prakAra prANa tyAga karatA hai, use AtmahatyA kA pApa nahIM lagatA aura vaha vAMchita phala pAtA hai / ' kUrma0 ( 1138 / 3-12 ) ne cAra prakAra kI AtmahatyA kA ullekha kiyA hai aura usase sahasroM varSo taka svarga loka kA AzvAsana evaM uttama phaloM kI prApti kI ora saMketa kiyA hai, yathA (1) sUkhe upaloM kI dhImI agni meM apane ko jalAnA, (2) gaMgA-yamunA ke saMgama meM DUba maranA, (3) gaMgA kI dhArA meM sira nIce kara jala pIte hue par3e rahakara mara jAnA tathA ( 4 ) apane zarIra ke mAMsa 36. Aina-e-akabarI (glaiDavina dvArA anUdita evaM prakAzita, 1800 I0) meM pA~ca prakAra kI dhArmika puNyadAyanI AtmahatyAoM kA varNana hai, yathA ( 1 ) upavAsa karake mara jAnA, (2) apane ko karISoM meM Dha~kakara Aga lagA kara mara jAnA, (3) hima meM gar3akara mara jAnA, (4) gaMgAsAgara - saMgama meM DUbe raha kara apane pApoM ko ginate rahanA jaba taka ki grAha (magara) Akara nigala na jAya evaM (5) gaMgA-yamunA ke saMgama para prayAga meM apanA galA kATakara mara jAnA / 37. na vedavacanAttAta na lokavacanAdapi / matirutkramaNIyA te prayAgamaraNaM prati // vanaparva ( 85 83 ) ; nAradIya0 (uttara, 63 / 129) ; padma0 ( Adi, 39 / 76 ) ; agni0 ( 111 / 8 ) ; matsya0 (106 22 ) ; kUrma 0 ( 1 / 37) 14 ) ; padma0 (33 / 64) /

Page #340
prayAga meM dehatrayAga kA vidhAna ko kATa-kATakara pakSiyoM ko denaa| hvenasAMga (629-645 I0) ne isa dhArmika AtmahatyA kA ullekha kiyA hai| kalpataru (tIrtha, san 1110-1120 I.) ne mahApathayAtrA kA vizeSa varNana kiyA hai (pR0 258-265) / kramazaH prayAga yA kAzI meM AtmahatyA karake mara jAne kI bhAvanA anya tIrthoM taka phailatI gyii| vanaparva (83 / 146, 147) ne pRthUdaka (paMjAba ke karnAla jile meM pahovA) meM AtmahatyA kI bAta calAyI hai| brahmapurANa (177 / 25) ne mokSa kI AkAMkSA rakhanevAle dvijoM ko puruSottamakSetra meM AtmahatyA karane ko kahA hai| liMga0 (pUrvArdha, 92 / 168-169) kA kathana hai--'yadi koI brAhmaNa zrIzaila para apane ko mAra DAlatA hai to vaha apane pApoM ko kATa DAlatA hai aura mokSa pAtA hai, jaisA ki avimukta (vArANasI) meM aisA karane se hotA hai, isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai|' padma0 (Adi, 16 // 14-15) ne narmadA evaM kAberI (eka choTI nadI, dakSiNa vAlI bar3I nadI nahIM) ke saMgama para agni yA upavAsa se mara jAne para isI prakAra ke phala kI ghoSaNA kI hai| kAlAntara meM prayAga yA kAzI meM AtmahatyA karane yA mahAprasthAna ke viSaya meM virakti utpanna ho gyii| kalivaryoM meM mahAprasthAna, bUr3hoM dvArA prapAta se girakara yA agni meM jalakara mara jAnA sammilita kara liyA gayA (dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 3, adhyAya 34) / madhyakAla ke kucha pazcAdbhAvI lekhakoM ne AtmahatyA-sambandhI anumati kA khaNDana kiyA hai| mahAbhArata ke TIkAkAra nIlakaNTha ne kahA hai ki vanaparva (85 / 83) kA kathana prayAga meM svAbhAvika mRtyu kI ora saMketa karatA hai na ki jAna-bUjhakara marane kI ora / yahI bAta khila mantra ('sitAsita' Adi) ke viSaya meM bhI hai| unhoMne vanaparva ke zloka kI do vaikalpika vyAkhyAe~ kI haiM; yaha vacana unako anumati detA hai jo asAdhya roga se pIr3ita haiM, ve prapAta se girakara mara jAne kI apekSA prayAga meM AtmahatyA kara sakate haiM; dUsarA vikalpa yaha hai ki yaha zloka brAhmaNoM ke lie nahIM pratyuta anya tIna varSoM ke lie vyavahRta hotA hai| gaMgAvAkyAvalI (pR0 304-310) evaM tIrthacintAmaNi (pR0 47-52) donoM ne sabhI vargoM ko prayAga meM AtmahatyA karane kI anumati dI hai| prayAga meM AtmahatyA karane ke viSaya meM tIrthaprakAza (pR0 346-355) ne eka lambA, vidvattApUrNa tathA vivAdAtmaka vivecana upasthita kiyA hai| isakA apanA mata, lagatA hai, aisA hai ki prayAga meM brAhmaNa ko dhArmika AtmahatyA nahIM karanI cAhie, kyoMki yaha kalivayaM hai, kintu anya vargoM ke loga aisA kara sakate haiN| tristhalIsetu ne bhI lambA vivecana upasthita kiyA hai (pR0 37-55) aura isakA niSkarSa hai ki mokSa evaM anya phaloM (svarga Adi) kI prApti ke lie prayAga meM AtmahatyA karanA pApa nahIM hai, brAhmaNoM ke lie bhI, jaisA ki kucha logoM kA kathana hai, aisA karanA kalivayaM nahIM hai, asAdhya rogI yA acche svAsthya vAle sabhI prayAga meM AtmahatyA kara sakate haiM, kintu apane bUr3he mAtA-pitA ko parityakta kara tathA yuvA patnI, baccoM ko unake bhAgya para chor3akara kisI ko AtmahatyA karane kA adhikAra nahIM hai aura garbhavatI nArI, choTe-choTe baccoM vAlI nArI tathA binA pati se anumati liye koI bhI nArI prayAga meM AtmahatyA nahIM kara sktii| yaha jAnakara prasannatA kA anubhava hotA hai ki nArAyaNa bhaTTa jaise vyakti ne, jo apane kAla ke sabase bar3e evaM prakANDa vidvAn the aura jo prayAga meM AtmahatyA karane ke viSaya meM zAstrIya vyavasthAoM ko jAnate the, apavAda diye haiM jo tarka, mata-bhAvanA evaM sAmAnya jJAna ko jaMcate haiN| nArAyaNa bhaTTa apane samaya se saikar3oM varSa-prAcIna paramparAoM ko bhI jAnate the aura sambhavataH unhIM kA unhoMne anusaraNa kiyA hai| alabarUnI ne apane grantha (1030 I0 meM praNIta) meM likhA hai ki 'dhArmika AtmahatyA tabhI kI jAtI hai jaba ki vyakti jIvana se thaka gayA rahatA hai, jaba ki vaha asAdhya roga se pIr3ita rahatA hai yA vaha bUr3hA ho gayA hai, atyadhika durbala yA aparihArya zarIradoSa se pIr3ita hai| aisI AtmahatyA ziSTa loga nahIM karate, kevala vaizya yA zUdra karate haiN| viziSTa vyavasthAoM ke anusAra brAhmaNoM evaM kSatriyoM ko jalakara mara jAnA manA hai| isI se aise loga (brAhmaNa evaM kSatriya) yadi maranA cAhate haiM to grahaNa ke samaya yA anya vidhiyoM se marate haiM yA anya logoM dvArA (jinheM ve pAri

Page #341
1334 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa zramika dete haiM) apane ko gaMgA meM pheMkavA dete haiN|' tristhalIsetu ne vyavasthA dI hai ki prayAga meM AtmahatyA karane vAle vyakti ko sarvaprathama prAyazcitta karanA cAhie, yadi apanA koI sambandhI na ho jo sAdhikAra usakA zrAddha kara sake, to use apanA zrAddha bhI piNDadAna taka karanA caahie| usa dina use upavAsa karanA cAhie, dUsare dina likhita rUpa se use saMkalpa karanA cAhie ki vaha isa vidhi se maranA cAhatA hai aura viSNu kA dhyAna karate hue use jala meM praveza karanA caahie| usakI mRtyu para usake sambandhiyoM ko kevala tIna dinoM kA Azauca laganA cAhie ( dasa dinoM kA nahIM) aura cauthe dina 11veM dina ke zrAddha karma usake lie karane caahie| prayAga meM dhArmika AtmahatyA karane kI manovaijJAnika pRSThabhUmi ko samajhanA kaThina nahIM hai / zatAbdiyoM se yaha dArzanika bhAvanA ghara kara gayI thI ki AtmA janana-maraNa ke asaMkhya cakroM meM ghUmatI rahatI hai| prAcIna zAstroM ne isakI mukti ke lie do sAdhana upasthita kiye the; tatvajJAna evaM tIrtha para aatmhtyaa| usa yAtrI ke lie mRtyu koI bhayaMkara bhAvanA nahIM thI jo jAna-bUjhakara apAra kaSToM evaM asuvidhAoM ko sahatA hai| yadi koI mRtyu dvArA jIvana ko samApta karane ke lie dRDhasaMkalpa hai to usake lie una gaMgA evaM yamunA ke saMgama, prayAga meM AtmahatyA karane se bar3hakara kauna-sA adhika bhadramaya vAtAvaraNa prApta ho sakatA hai, jo himAlaya se nikalakara prayAga meM milatI haiM aura vizAla hokara Age bar3hatI haiM aura koTi-koTi logoM ko urvara bhUmi detI huI unheM samRddha banAtI haiN| 'jo loga prayAga meM marate haiM ve punaH janma nahIM lete', aisA purANoM meM AyA hai| nibandhoM ne isa kathana para vivecana upasthita kiyA hai ( matsya0 180 / 71 evaM 74) / matsya 0 ( 182 / 22-25) meM AyA hai" ' mRtyu ke samaya, jaba ki zarIra ke marma bhAga chinna bhinna ho jAte haiM; usa samaya jaba ki vyakti vAyu dvArA dUsare zarIra meM pheMkA jAtA hai, smRti avazya durbala ho jAtI hai| kintu avimukta (vArANasI) meM marate samaya karmoM ke kAraNa dUsare zarIra meM jAne vAle bhaktoM ke kAna meM svayaM ziva ucca jJAna dete haiN| maNikarNikA ke pAsa marane vAlA vyakti vAMchita phala pAtA hai; vaha Izvara dvArA pradatta usa phala ko pAtA hai jo apavitra logoM ko milanA kaThina hai / ' kAzIkhaNDa meM spaSTa ullikhita hai ki ina nagaroM (kAzI Adi) meM mokSa sIdhe rUpa meM nahIM pratiphalita hotA / tathApi aisI ukti ke rahate hue bhI purANoM ke kathanoM ke zAbdika artha ko lekara sAmAnya logoM ke mana meM aisA vizvAsa ghara kara gayA ki prayAga yA kAzIkSetra meM marane se mokSa phala kI prApti hotI hai| dhArmika AtmahatyA kA itihAsa bahuta purAnA hai| I0 pU0 cauthI zatAbdI meM takSazilA se kalanaoNsa nAmaka vyakti sikandara ke sAtha bhArata se bAhara gayA aura usane 70 varSa kI avasthA meM zarIra-vyAdhi se taMga Akara sausA nAmaka sthAna meM apane ko citA meM bhasma kara diyA (dekhie je0 DablU0 maik kriNDala kA 'invejana Ava iNDiyA bAI alekjeNDara di greTa', navIna saMskaraNa, 1896 I0, pR0 46, 301 evaM 386- 392 ) / sTraibo ne zarmanocegasa nAmaka bhar3oca ke bhAratIya 38. skanda 0 ( kAzIkhaNDa) meM nimna zloka Aye haiM, jo matsya0 ( 182 / 22-25) ko buharAte haiM; ziva kAzI meM marate hue vyakti ke dAhine kAna meM brahmajJAna kA mantra phUMkate haiM jo usakI AtmA kI rakSA karatA hai| brahmajJAnena mucyante nAnyathA jantavaH kvacit / brahmajJAnamayeM kSetre prayAge vA tanutyajaH / brahmajJAnaM tadevAhaM kAzIsaMsthitibhAginAm / vizAmi tArakaM prAnte mucyante te tu tatkSaNAt // (32 / 115-116) ; sAkSAnmokSo na caMtAsu purISu priyabhASiNi / skanda 0 (kAzI0 823, yahA~ agastya ne lopAmudrA se kehA hai) / matsya 0 ke zloka haiM; antakAle manuSyANAM chidyamAneSu marmasu / vAyunA preryamANAnAM smRtirne vopajAyate // avimukte hyantakAle bhaktAnAmIzvaraH svayam / karmabhiH preryamANAnAM karNajApaM prayacchati // maNika tyajandehaM gatimiSTAM vrajennaraH / Izvaraprerito yAti duSprApAmakRtAtmabhiH / (182 / 22-25) /

Page #342
prayAga, kAzI Adi meM dehatyAga kA vidhAna ko agni meM jalakara AtmahatyA karake marate hue vaNita kiyA hai, jo etheMsa ke oNgasTasa sIz2ara ke yahA~ dUta hokara gayA thA ('invez2ana Ava iNDiyA bAI alekjeNDara', pR0 389) / hvenasAMga ne bhI prayAga meM AtmahatyA kI carcA kI hai (bIla kA 'buddhisTa rekarDasa Ava di vesTarna varlDa,jilda 1,10232-234) / jainoM ne jahA~ eka ora ahiMsA para bar3A bala diyA hai, vahIM unhoMne dUsarI ora kucha viSayoM meM 'sallekhanA' nAmaka dhArmika AtmahatyA ko bhI mAnyatA dI hai| kAzImRti-mokSavicAra (surezvarakRta, pR0 2-9), tristhalIsetu (pR0 50-55), tIryaprakAza (pR0 313318) Adi granthoM ne vistAra ke sAtha vivecana upasthita kiyA hai ki kisa prakAra vArANasI yA prayAga meM jAne yA anajAne mara jAne se mokSa prApta hotA hai| sthAnAbhAva se hama isa viSaya ke vistAra meM nahIM jaayNge| unake tarka saMkSepa meM yoM haiM--karma tIna prakAra ke hote haiM; saMcita (pUrva janmoM se ekatra),prArabdha (jo vartamAna zarIra meM Ane para AtmA ke sAtha kAryazIla ho jAte haiM) evaM kriyamANa (isa zarIra evaM bhaviSya meM kiye jAne vaale)| upaniSadoM evaM gItA ne udghoSa kiyA hai ki jisa prakAra kamala-dala se jala nahIM lipaTatA usI prakAra usa vyakti se, jo brahmajJAna ko prApta kara letA hai, pApakarma nahIM lage rahate, jJAnAgni sabhI karmoM ko jalAkara bhasma kara detI hai aura mokSa kI prApti parabrahma ke jJAna se hotI hai (vedAntasUtra 4 / 1 / 13) / isase yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki vaha vyakti jisane parama sattA kI anubhUti kara lI hai, apane kriyamANa karmoM se prabhAvita nahIM hotA aura usake saMcita karma usa anubhUti se naSTa ho jAte haiN| vartamAna zarIra, jisameM vyakti kA AtmA brahma kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai, usI karma kA eka bhAga hai jo kriyAzIla huA rahatA hai| brahmajJAnI kA zarIra jaba naSTa ho jAtA hai taba use antima pada mokSa prApta ho jAtA hai, kyoMki taba prabhAva utpanna karane ke lie koI karma nahIM raha jaate| jo vyakti vArANasI meM svAbhAvika mRtyu pAtA hai use marate samaya tAraka (tArane vAlA) mantra diyA jAtA hai| matsya0 (183177-78) kA kathana hai--'jo avimukta (vArANasI) ke vidhAnoM ke anusAra agnipraveza karate haiM, ve ziva ke mukha meM praviSTa hote haiM aura jo ziva ke dRDhapratijJa bhakta vArANasI meM upavAsa karake marate haiM ve koTi kalpoM ke uparAnta bhI isa vizva meM janma nahIM lete| ataH ve sabhI jo vArANasI meM kisI DhaMga se marate haiM, mRtyu ke uparAnta ziva kA anugraha pAte haiM, usase tattvajJAna kI prApti hotI hai jo antatogatvA mokSa kA kAraNa hotI hai| katipaya uktiyA~ aisI haiM jinase prakaTa hotA hai ki ina nagaroM meM marane ke turata bAda hI mokSa nahIM prApta hotaa|" tAraka mantra kI vyAkhyA kaI prakAra se kI gayI hai| surezvara ke matAnusAra tAraka mantra 'om' hai jo 'brahma' kA pratIka hai, jaisA ki taittirIyopaniSad (11138, omiti brahma) meM AyA hai, aura gItA (8 / 13, omityekAkSaraM brahma) ne bhI kahA 39. dekhie iNDiyana aiNTIkvarI, jilda 2, pR0 322 'jaina iMskripsaMsa aiTa zravaNa belagolA, jahA~ ratnakaraNDa ke kucha zloka uddhRta kiye gaye haiM, jinameM eka nimna hai| 'upasarge dubhikSe jarasi hajAyAM ca niSpratIkAre / dharmAya tanuvimocanamAhuH sllekhnaamaaryaaH|| 40. yathA puSkarapalAza Apona zliSyanta evamevaMvidi pApaM karma na zliSyata iti / chA0 upa0 (411413); bhidyate hRdayagranyizchidyante srvsNshyaaH| kSIyante cAsya karmANi tasmin dRSTe praavre|| muNDakopaniSad (2 / 2 / 8); yathaiSAMsi smiddhognirbhsmsaatkurute'rjun| jJAmAgniH sarvakarmANi bhasmasAtkurute tthaa|| bhagavadgItA (4 // 37) / 41. sAkSAnmokSo na caitAsa purISu priyabhASiNi / skanda0 (kAzI0, 812, yahA~ agastya ne lopAmudrA se bAta kI hai)| tArakaH praNavaH, tArayatIti tAraH, svArthe kprtyyH| saMsArasAgarAduttArakaM tArakaM ca tad brahma iti tArakaM brahma ucyte| kAzImRtimokSavicAra (pR0 3) /

Page #343
1336 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa hai| tristhalIsetu ne isakI eka anya vyAkhyA bhI kI hai| rAmatApanIyopaniSad evaM padma0 meM mantra yaha hai--"zrIrAmarAmarAmeti" (tristhalIsetu, pR0 291) / 2 prayAga ke antargata bahata-se upatIrtha Ate haiM, jinameM vaTa (akSaya vaTa) sarvocca hai| agni0 (111113) meM AyA hai--'jo vyakti vaTa ke mUla meM yA saMgama meM maratA hai vaha viSNu ke nagara meM pahu~catA hai|' vaTa ke mUla meM marane ke viSaya meM viziSTa saMketa milatA hai| kUrma0 (1 / 3758-9; padma0, Adi, 43 / 11; tIrthacintAmaNi ) meM AyA hai-- 'jo vaTamUla meM maratA hai vaha sabhI svarga lokoM kA atikramaNa karake rudraloka meM jAtA hai|' prayAga ke upatIrtha nimna haiM-- (1) kambala evaM azvatara nAmaka do nAga, jo eka mata se yamunA ke vipula (vistRta) taTa para haiM aura dUsare mata se yamunA ke dakSiNI taTa para haiM (vanaparva 85 / 77; mtsy0106|27; padma0, Adi0 39 / 69; agni0 11115 evaM kUrma0 1 / 37 / 19); (2)gaMgA ke pUrvIya taTa para pratiSThAna, jo vanaparva 85 / 77 kA sAmuda-kUpa hai (matsya0 106 / 30; kUrma0 1137 / 22; padma0, Adi, 43 / 30) / vanaparva (85 / 118) se prakaTa hotA hai ki pratiSThAna prayAga kA hI dUsarA nAma hai; (3) sandhyAvaTa (matsya0 106 / 43; kUrma0 1137 / 28 evaM agni0 111 / 13); (4) haMsaprapatana jo pratiSThAna ke uttara evaM gaMgA ke pUrva hai (matsya0 106 / 32; kUrma0 1137 / 24; agni0111|10; padma0, Adi, 39 / 80 evaM 43 / 32); (5) koTitIrtha (matsya0 106 / 44; karma0 1137 / 29; agni0 111 / 14; padma0, Adi, 43 / 44); (6) bhogavatI jo vAsuki ke uttara prajApati kI vedI hai (vanaparva 85177; matsya0 106 / 46; agni 11115, padma0, Adi, 3979 evaM 43 / 46; (7) dazAzvamedhaka (matsya0 106 / 46 evaM padma0, Adi, 39 80); (8) urvazIpulina, jahA~ para Atma-tyAga karane se vibhinna phala prApta hote haiM (matsya0 106 / 34-42; padma Adi, 43 // 34-43; agni0 111113; karma0 1137 / 26-27); (9) RNapramocana, yamunA ke uttarI taTa para tathA prayAga ke dakSiNa (kUrma0 1138 / 14; padma0, Adi, 44 / 20); (10) mAnasa, gaMgA ke uttarI taTa para (matsya0 107 / 9; padma0, Adi, 44.2 enaM agni0 111114); (11) agnitIrtha, yamunA ke dakSiNI taTa para (matsya0 108 / 27; kUrma0 1139 / 4: padma0, Adi, 45 / 27); (12) viraja, yamunA ke uttarI taTa para (padma0, Adi. 45 / 29) (13) anaraka, jo dharmarAja ke pazcima hai (kUrma0 1 / 39 / 5) / purANoM meM AyA hai ki yadi vyakti tIrthayAtrA meM hI mara jAtA hai, kintu marate samaya prayAga kA smaraNa karatA rahatA hai to vaha prayAga meM na pahu~cane para bhI mahAna phala pAtA hai| matsya0 (105 / 8-12) meM AyA hai ki jo vyakti apane deza meM yA ghara meM yA tIrthayAtrA ke krama meM kisI vana meM prayAga kA smaraNa karatA haA mara jAtA hai to vaha taba bhI brahmaloka pAtA hai| vaha vahA~ pahu~catA hai jahA~ ke vRkSa sabhI kAmaphala denevAle hote haiM, jahA~ kI pRthivI hiraNyamayI hotI hai aura jahA~ RSi, muni evaM giddha rahate haiN| vaha mandAkinI ke taTa para sahasroM striyoM se AvRta rahatA hai aura RSiyoM kI saMgati kA Ananda letA hai; jaba vaha lauTakara isa pRthivI para AtA hai to jambUdvIpa kA rAjA hotA hai| adhikAMza tIrthoM meM yAtrI ko zrAddha karanA par3atA hai| viSNudharmasUtra (adhyAya 85) ne aise 55 tIrthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| kalpataru (tIrtha), gaMgAvAkyAvalI, tIrthacintAmaNi evaM anya nibandhoM ne isa viSaya meM devIpurANa 42. rAmatApanIye tu zrIrAmamantra eva tArakazabdArtha uktaH / mumUrSodakSiNe karNe yasya kasyApi vA svayam / upadezyasi manmantraM sa mukto bhavitA ziva // paddhe tu zrIzabdapUrvakastrirAvRtto rAmazabda eva tArakatayoktaH / mumuurssomnnikrnnyntr|dknivaasinH| ahaM dizAmi te mantraM tArakaM brhmvaackm| zrIrAmarAmarAmeti etttaarkmucyte|| tristhalIsetu (pR0 291) /

Page #344
prayAga ke tIrtha evaM zrAvidhi; mAghasnAna-mahimA 1337 se katipaya zloka uddhRta kiye haiM, jinakA sArAMza nimna hai--tIrthoM para zrAddha karanA cAhie, kintu vahA~ arghya evaM AvAhana (kyoMki vahAM pitara loga rahate hI haiM, jaisA ki kAzIkhaNDa meM kahA hai) nahIM kiye jAte, Amantrita brAhmaNa ke aMgUThe ko parose hue bhojana se chuvAyA nahIM jAtA aura na vahA~ brAhmaNoM kI santuSTi evaM vikira kA hI prazna uThatA hai| yadi vahA~ zrAddha kI vidhi kA bhalI bhA~ti pAlana na kiyA jA sake to kevala yava-anna kA piNDadAna paryApta hai yA kevala saMyAva (ghata evaM dUdha meM banI haI gehU~ kI lapasI), khIra (caru, dUdha meM ubAlA haA cAvala). tila kI khalI yA gaDa kA arpaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| ise kuttoM, kauoM, gRddhoM ko dRSTi se bacAnA caahie| tIrtha para pahu~cane ke uparAnta yaha kabhI bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| tIrtha para sampAdita zrAddha se pitaroM ko bahuta tRpti milatI hai| tristhalIsetusArasaMgraha ke lekhaka bhaTroji aura anya lekhakoM ne kahA hai ki tIrtha para pitaroM ke lie pArvaNazrAddha karane evaM piNDadAna karane ke pazcAta vyakti ko apane anya sambandhiyoM ke lie nimna maMtra ke sAtha kevala eka piNDa denA cAhie--'yahA~ maiM apane pitA ke kula ke mRta sadasyoM ko piNDa de rahA hU~, apanI mAtA ke kula ke evaM guru ke mRta sambandhiyoM ko bhI piNDa de rahA haiM aura apane kUla ke una logoM ko bhI jo pUtroM evaM patniyoM se vihIna haiM, unako bhI jinheM piNDa nahIM milane vAlA hai, unako bhI jinakI mRtyu ke uparAnta sabhI kRtya banda ho gaye haiM, unako jo janmAndha evaM lUle-la~gar3e rahe haiM, unako jo aSTAvakra the yA garbha meM hI mara gaye, unako bhI jo mere lie jJAta yA ajJAta haiM, yaha piNDa de rahA hU~, yaha piNDa unheM binA samApta hue prApta ho!' (vAyu0 110151-52) / isake uparAnta vyakti ko apane naukaroM, dAsoM, mitroM, AzritoM, ziSyoM, jinake prati vaha kRtajJa ho unheM, pazuoM, vRkSoM aura unheM, jinake samparka meM vaha anya jIvanoM meM AyA hai, eka anya piNDa denA cAhie (vAyu0 110154-55) / yadi vyakti rugNa ho aura vizada vidhi kA pAlana na kara sake to use saMkalpa karanA cAhie ki vaha zrAddha karegA aura use kevala eka piNDa nimna mantra ke sAtha denA cAhie; 'maiM yaha piNDa apane pitA, pitAmaha, prapitAmaha, mAtA, pitA kI mAtA, prapitAmahI, nAnA, nAnA ke pitA evaM prapitA ko de rahA huuN| yaha unheM akSaya hokara prApta ho|' (vAyu0 110 / 23-24) / ___ anuzAsanaparva, kUrmapurANa, nAradIyapurANa (uttara, 63 / 19-20 evaM 36-38) Adi ne mAgha mAsa meM saMgama-snAna kI mahattA gAyI hai| sabhI vargoM ke loga, striyA~, varNasaMkara Adi yaha snAna kara sakate haiM; zUdra, striyA~ evaM varNasaMkara logoM ko mantroccAraNa nahIM karanA cAhie, ve loga mauna hokara snAna kara sakate haiM yA 'namaH' zabda kA uccA 43. arghyamAvAhanaM caiva dvijAMguSThanivezanam / tRptipraznaM ca vikiraM tIrthazrAddha vivarjayet // tristhalosetusArasaMgraha (pR0 18) dvArA uddhRta; devAzca pitaro yasmAd gaMgAyAM sarvadA sthitaaH| AvAhanaM visarga (visargazca ?) teSAM tatra tato na hi // kAzIkhaNDa (2839); tIrtha zrAddhaM prakurvIta pakvAnnena vishesstH| AmAnena hiraNyena kndmuulphlairpi| sumantu (tristhalIsetusArasaMgraha, pR0 20) / saktubhiH piNDadAnaM tu saMyAvaH pAyasena tu| kartavyamRSibhivRSTaM pipyAkena guDena ca // zrAvaMtatra tu kartavyamAvAhanajitam / zvadhvAMkSagRdhrakAkAnAM naiva dRSTihataM ca yat // zrAddhaMtataithikaM proktaM kArakam |...kaale vApyathavA'kAle tIrthe zrAddhaM tathA nraiH| prAptarava sadA kArya kartavyaM pitRtarpaNam // piNDadAnaM ca tacchastaM pitRnnaamtivllbhm| vilambo naiva kartavyo na ca vighnaM samAcaret // padma0 (5 / 29 / 212-218, pRthvIcandrodaya dvArA uddhRt)| inhIM zlokoM ko kalpataru (tIrtha, pR0 10), tIrthacintAmaNi (pR0 10-11), gaMgAvAkyAvalI (pR0 129) ne devIpurANa se uddhRta kiyA hai| inameM kucha zlokoM ke lie dekhie skanda0 (kAzIkhaNDa, 6 / 58-60) evaM nAradIya0 (uttara, 62141-42, antima do zlokoM ke lie)| 44. vaza tIrthasahasrANi ssssttikottystthaapraaH| samAgacchanti mAdhyAM tu prayAge bharatarSabha / anuzAsana0 (25 //

Page #345
1338 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa raNa kara sakate haiM (tristhalIsetu, pR0 39 ) / isI prakAra padma0, kUrma 0, agni0 Adi purANoM ne yaha kahakara ki yaha tIna karor3a gauoM ke dAna ke barAbara hai, mAgha mAsa meM tIna dinoM taka snAna karane kA guNagAna kiyA hai| ina tIna dinoM ke artha ke viSaya meM kaI mata-matAntara haiM, jaisA ki tristhalIsetu ( pR0 32 ) meM AyA hai| kucha mata ye haiM--ve tInoM dina mAgha kI makara saMkrAMti rathasaptamI evaM amAvasyA haiM; mAgha ke zuklapakSa kI dazamI ke sAtha lagAtAra tIna dina; mAgha ke prathama tIna dina mAgha ke zuklapakSa kI trayodazI ke uparAnta lagAtAra tIna dina; tathA mAgha ke koI tIna dina / 36-37 ) ; SaSTistIrthasahasrANi SaSTistIrthazatAni ca / mAghamAse gamiSyanti gaMgAyamunasaMgame // kUrma 0 ( 1|38|1 ) ; matsya 0 ( 107/7) meM bhI lagabhaga aisA hI AyA hai| 45. gavAM koTipradAnAdyat tryahaM snAnasya tatphalam / prayAge mAghamAse tu evamAhurmanISiNaH // agni0 ( 111 10-11 ) ; gavAM zatasahastrasya samyagdattasya yatphalam / prayAge mAghamAse tu vyahaM snAtasya tatphalam // padma (Adi, 4418) evaM kUrma 0 ( 11382 ) /

Page #346
adhyAya 13 kAzI vizva meM koI aisA nagara nahIM hai jo banArasa (vArANasI) se bar3hakara prAcInatA nirantaratA evaM mohaka Adara kA pAtra ho / lagabhaga tIna sahasrAbdiyoM se yaha punItatA grahaNa karatA A rahA hai| isa nagara ke kaI nAma pracalita rahe haiM, yathA vArANasI, avimukta evaM kAMzI / kAzI se bar3hakara hindU mAtra kI dhArmika bhAvanAoM ko jagAnevAlA koI anya nagara nahIM hai / hinduoM ke lie yaha nagara aTUTa dhArmika pavitratA, puNya evaM vidyA kA pratIka rahA hai / apanI mahAn jaTilatAoM evaM virodhoM ke kAraNa yaha nagara sabhI yugoM meM bhAratIya jIvana kA eka sUkSma svarUpa rahatA AyA hai| na kevala hindU dharma apane katipaya sampradAyoM ke sAtha yahA~ phUlatA - phalatA AyA hai, pratyuta saMsAra ke bahuta bar3e dharma dharma ke siddhAnta yahA~ udghoSita hue haiN| vArANasI yA kAzI ke viSaya meM mahAkAvyoM evaM purANoM meM sahasroM zloka kahe gaye haiM / gata saikar3oM varSoM ke bhItara isake viSaya meM katipaya granthoM kA praNayana huA hai| yahA~ para hama kevala saMkSepa kucha kaha skeNge| sarvaprathama hama isake prAcIna itihAsa kA saMkSipta varNana kreNge| zatapathabrAhmaNa' (13/5/4/21) ne eka gAthA uddhRta kI hai, jisameM yaha varNana hai ki jisa prakAra bharata ne satvat logoM ke sAtha vyavahAra kiyA thA, usI prakAra satrAjit ke putra zatAnIka ne kAzi logoM ke punIta yajJiya azva ko bhagAkara kiyA thaa| zatapathabrAhmaNa (14 / 3 / 1 / 22) meM dhRtarASTra vicitravIrya ko kAzya kahA gayA hai / gopatha (pUrvabhAga, 2 / 9) meM 'kAzI - kozalAH' kA samAsa AyA hai / 'kaimbrija hisTrI Ava iNDiyA' (jilda 1, pR0 117 ) meM aisA saMketa diyA huA hai ki kAziyoM kI rAjadhAnI varaNAvatI para sthita thI / bRhadAraNyakopaniSad (2 / 1 / 1 ) evaM kauSItaki upa0 (411 ) meM aisA AyA hai ki ahaMkArI bAlAki gArgya kAzI ke rAjA ajAtazatru ke pAsa isalie gayA ki vaha use ( rAjA ko ) brahmajJAna sikhaaegaa| pANini (4/2/116) meM kAzI zabda ko gaNa ke Adi meM darzAyA gayA hai (kAzyAdibhyaSThaniThau) / pANini (4 / 2 / 113) meM 'kAzIyaH' rUpa bhI AyA hai| yaha jJAtavya hai ki R0 (101179 2 ) ke sarvAnukrama meM RSi pratardana ko kAzirAja kahA gayA hai| hiraNyakezigRhyasUtra (2 / 8 / 19 / 6) ne tarpaNa meM kAzIzvara ko viSNu evaM rudraskanda ke sAtha ullikhita kiyA hai| Rgveda divodAsa kA bahudhA varNana AyA hai| R0 (1 / 130/7) meM AyA hai ki indra ne divodAsa kI 90 nagariyA~ jIta lI thIM aura R0 (4|30|20 ) meM aisA AyA hai ki indra ne divodAsa ko patthara ke 100 nagara pradAna kiye| ina saMketoM se yaha kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai ki mahAkAvyoM evaM purANoM meM svabhAvata: divodAsa ko bhArata ke atyanta punIta nagara kA pratiSThAtA kahA gayA hai| pANini ( 4 / 1154) ke vArtika (4) ke mahAbhASya meM hameM ' kAzi-kosalIyAH' kA udAharaNa milatA hai (jilda 2, pR0 223) / mahAbhASya (jilda 2, pR0 413 ) meM mathurA evaM kAzI ke samAna lambAI 1. tadetad gAthAbhigItam / zatAnIkaH samantAsu medhyaM sAtrAjito hayam / Adatta yajJaM kAzInAM bharataH satvatAmiveti // zatapathabrAhmaNa (13/5/4121 ) / 96

Page #347
1340 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa caur3AI vAle vastra ke mUlya meM antara batAyA gayA hai| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki Adhunika kAla ke samAna hI I0 pU0 dUsarI zatAbdI meM kAzI apane bArIka vastroM ke lie prasiddha thI / uparyukta bAtoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki zatapatha 0 ke praNayana ke bahuta pahale se kAzI (kAzi) eka deza kA nAma thA aura vahI nAma pataJjali ( I0 pU0 dUsarI zatAbdI) ke samaya taka calA AyA / eka anya samAna udAharaNa bhI hai / avanti eka deza kA nAma thA ( pANini 4 / 1 / 179, striyAmavantikuntikurubhyazca; meghadUta, prApyAvantInudayana - ), kintu avantI yA avantikA ujjayinI kA bhI nAma thA ('ayodhyA mathurA avantikA ' ) / phAhiyAna ( 399-413 I0) kAzI rAjya ke vArANasI nagara meM AyA thaa| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki lagabhaga cauthI zatAbdI meM bhI kAzI janapada kA nAma thA aura vArANasI usakI rAjadhAnI thii| kintu mahAbhASya ke. nirdezoM se prakaTa hotA hai ki kAzI nagara evaM deza donoM kA nAma thA / anuzAsanaparva (adhyAya 30) meM divodAsa ke pitAmaha haryazva kAzi logoM ke rAjA kahe gaye haiM jo gaMgA evaM yamunA ke duAbe meM bItahavyoM dvArA taMga kiye gaye evaM mAre gaye the / haryazva kA putra sudeva thA, jo kAzi kA rAjA banA aura vaha bhI anta meM apane pitA kI gati ko prApta huaa| isake uparAnta usakA putra divodAsa kAziyoM kA rAjA banA aura usane gomatI ke uttarI taTa para sabhI varNoM se saMkula vArANasI nagara bsaayaa| isa gAthA se patA calatA hai ki kAzI eka rAjya kA prAcIna nAma thA aura prAcIna vizvAsa thA ki divodAsa dvArA kAziyoM kI rAjadhAnI vArANasI kI pratiSThApanA huI thI / harivaMza (1, adhyAya 29) ne divodAsa evaM vArANasI ke viSaya meM eka lambI kintu aspaSTa gAthA dI hai|" isane aila ke eka putra Ayu ke vaMza kA varNana kiyA hai| Ayu ke eka vaMzaja kA nAma thA zunahotra, jisake kAza, zala eva gRtsamada nAmaka tIna putra the / kAza se 'kAzi' nAmaka zAkhA kA prAdurbhAva huA / kAza kA eka vaMzaja dhanvantari kAza logoM kA rAjA huA (zloka 22) / divodAsa dhanvantari kA pautra huaa| usane bhadrazreNya ke, jo sarvaprathama vArA sI kA rAjA thA, 100 putroM ko mAra ddaalaa| taba ziva ne apane gaNa nikumbha ko divodAsa dvArA adhikRta vArANasI kA nAza karane ke lie bhejaa| nikumbha ne use eka sahasra varSa taka naSTa-bhraSTa hone kA zApa diyaa| jaba vaha naSTa ho gayI to vaha avimukta kahalAyI aura ziva vahA~ rahane lge| isakI punaH sthApanA (zloka 68 ) madrazreNya ke putra durdama dvArA, jise ( kyoMki vaha abhI baccA thA ) divodAsa ne nahIM mArA thA, huI / isake uparAnta divodAsa ke putra pratardana ne use durdama se chIna liyA / divodAsa ke pautra alarka ne, jo kAziyoM kA rAjA thA, vArANasI ko punaH basAyA / isa gAthA meM satya kI kucha rekhA pAyI jAtI hai, arthAt vArANasI kA kaI bAra nAza huA aura isa para kaI kuloM kA rAjya sthApita huaa| vAyu0 ( adhyAya 92) evaM brahma0 (adhyAya 19) meM bhI dhanvantari, divodAsa evaM alarka tathA vArANasI ke viparyayoM kA ullekha milatA hai| mahAbhASya (jilda 1, pR0 380 ) meM pataJjali ne vArANasI ko gaMgA ke kinAre avasthita kahA hai, aura pANini (41384) ke bhASya meM inhoMne (jilda 2, pR0 313) kahA hai ki vyApArI gaNa vArANasI ko 'jitvarI' kahate the / prAcIna bauddha granthoM se patA calatA hai ki vArANasI buddha-kAla ( kama-se-kama pAcavI I0 pU0 zatAbdI) meM campA, rAjagRha, zrAvastI, sAketa evaM kauzAmbI (dekhie mahAparinibvAnasutta evaM mahAsudasrAnasutta, saikreDa buka Ava di IsTa, jilda 11, pR0 99 evaM 247 ) jaise mahAn evaM prasiddha nagaroM meM parigaNita hotI thii| gautama buddha ne gayA meM sambodhi prApta karane ke uparAnta vArANasI ke mRgadAva arthAt sAranAtha meM Akara dharmacakra pravartana kiyaa| isase prakaTa hotA 2. kAzidhvapi nRpo rAjana divodAsapitAmahaH / haryazva iti vikhyAto vabhUva jayatAM varaH // anuzAsanaparva (30110 ) /

Page #348
kAzI kI prAcInatA ke ullekha 1341 hai ki usa samaya yaha nagara AryoM kI saMskRti kI lIlAoM kA kendra bana cukA thaa| katipaya jAtaka gAthAoM meM vArANasI ke rAjA brahmadatta kA ullekha huA hai| jAtaka kI gAthAe~ I0 pU0 tIsarI zatAbdI ke pUrva nahIM rakhI jA sakatIM, kintu itanA to svokAra kiyA hI jA sakatA hai ki IsA kI kaI zatAbdiyoM pUrva vArANasI brahmadatta rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI thI hii| matsya0 (273 / 72-73) ne eka hI prakAra kI upAdhiyoM vAle saikar3oM rAjAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki 100 brahmadatta aura 100 kAzi evaM kuza the| kintu yahA~ brahmadattoM ko kAziyoM se pRthak kahA gayA hai, ataH isa gAthA kA mahatva kama ho gayA hai| prAcIna jaina granthoM meM bhI vArANasI evaM kAzI kA ullekha huA hai| kalpasUtra meM aisA AyA hai ki arhat pArzvanAtha kA janma caitra ke kRSNa pakSa kI caturthI ko vArANasI meM huA thA aura jaba mahAvIra kI mRtyu huI to kAzi evaM kosala ke 18 saMyukta rAjAoM ne licchaviyoM evaM mallakoM ke anya rAjAoM ke sAtha amAmAsI ke dina prakAza kiyA thA (saikeDa buka Ava di IsTa, jilda 22, pR0 271 evaM 266) / azvaghoSa ne apane vuddhacarita (15 / 101) meM vArANasI evaM kAzI ko eka-sA kahA hai --'jina (buddha) ne vArANasI meM praveza karake aura apane prakAza se nagara ko dedIpyamAna karate hue kAzI ke nivAsiyoM ke mana meM kautuka bhara diyaa|" buddhacarita meM Age kahA hai ki buddha vaNArA ke pAsa eka vRkSa kI chAyA meM pahu~ce (vahI, jilda 49, bhAga 1, pR0 169) / sambhavataH vaNArA varaNA hI hai| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki kama-se-kama pahalI zatAbdI meM vArANasI evaM kAzI samAnArthaka thiiN| vAyu0 (45 // 110) meM kAzi-kozala madhyadeza ke pradezoM meM parigaNita hai| viSNapurANa meM pauNDaka vAsudeva kI gAthA AyI hai, jisane kRSNa ko lalakArA thA aura unase cakra evaM anya cihnoM ko samarpita karane ko kahA thaa| use kAzI ke rAjA ne sahAyatA dI thii| pauNDaka evaM kAzirAja kI sammilita senA ne kRSNa para AkramaNa kiyaa| kRSNa ne pauNDraka ko mAra DAlA aura kAzirAja kA sira apane cakra se kATa DAlA jo kAzI nagara meM jAkara giraa| usake putra ne tapa kiyA aura zaMkara ko prasanna karake unase 'kRtyA' prApta kI jo vArANasI meM praviSTa huii| kRSNa ke cakra ne usakI khoja meM sampUrNa vArANasI ko usake rAjA, naukaroM evaM nivAsiyoM ke sAtha jalA ddaalaa| viSNupurANa (5 / 34) ke isa varNana meM kAzI, vArANasI evaM avimakta eka-dUsare ke paryAya haiM (zloka 14, 21, 25, 30 evaM 39) / ye hI zloka unhIM zabdoM meM brahma (adhyAya 207) meM Aye haiN| yahI gAthA saMkSepa meM sabhAparva (14 / 18-20 evaM 34 / 11) meM bhI varNita hai|| uparyakta gAthAoM se, jo mahAbhArata evaM purANoM meM kAzI evaM mahAdeva ke viSaya meM dI gayI hai, vidvAnoM ne katipaya niSkarSa nikAle haiM, yathA-mahAdeva anAryoM ke devatA the, AryoM ke Agamana ke uparAnta bahuta kAla taka vArANasI anAryoM kA pUjA-kandra thI, aura vArANasI ke loga, jo antatogatvA AryadharmAvalambI ho gaye, upaniSat-kAla kI dArzanika vicAradhArAoM se vizeSa abhiruci rakhate the| ina niSkarSoM meM adhikAMza saMzayAtmaka haiM, kyoMki inake lie 3. zatamekaM dhArtarASTrA hyshotirjnmejyaaH| zataM vai brahmadattAnAM vIrANAM kuravaH zatam / tataH zataM ca paJcAlAH zataM kAzikuzAdayaH / / matsya0 (273 / 72-73) / 4. vArANaso pravizyAya bhAsA smbhaasnyjinH| cakAra kAzIdezIyAn kautukaakraantcetsH|| buddhacarita (153101) / 5. dekhie sva0 DA0 ananta sadAziva alatekara kRta 'hisTrI Ava banArasa' (pR0 2-7) / nAradIyapurANa (uttara, adhyAya 29) meM AyA hai ki sarvaprathama kAzo mAdhava (viSNu) kA nagara thA, kintu Age calakara vaha zaiva kSetra ho gyaa| kyA isa kathana ke lie koI aitihAsika AdhAra hai ? DA. alatekara ne niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki anAryoM ne

Page #349
1342 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa puSTa AdhAra nahIM mila paate| Aja jitane purANa hameM milate haiM ve tIsarI yA cauthI zatAbdI ke pUrva ke nahIM haiM / aghi kAMza bhAratIya zAntimaya evaM anAkarSaka jIvana bitAte rahe haiM athavA Aja bhI vaisA hI jIvana bitA rahe haiM / sAdhAraNa manuSya kI rahasyAtmaka, asAmAnya evaM bhayAkula sthityAtmaka bhUkha 'kI santuSTi ke lie isa jIvana meM kucha bhI nahIM hai / purANoM meM aisI gAthAe~ haiM jo kaI koTiyoM meM bA~TI jA sakatI haiM, aura ve sAmAnya logoM kI uparyukta bhUkha ko miTAtI-sI rahI haiN| purANoM kI katipaya gAthAe~ sAmAnya janoM ke manoraMjana ke lie haiN| yahI bAta Aja ke pazcimI dezoM kI koTikoTi janatA ke viSaya meM bhI lAgU hotI hai jo bar3e Ananda ke sAtha jAsUsI evaM aparAdha sambandhI gAthAoM ko par3hatI hai| purANoM kI kucha gAthAe~ gambhIra nirdeza bhI detI rahI haiN| ve dhArmika yA dArzanika siddhAntoM yA naitika mUlyoM yA jIvanamApadaNDoM ko isa prakAra alaukika raMga meM ra~ga detI haiM ki ve svayaM AkarSaka evaM prabhAvazAlI ho uThatI haiN| kevala kucha hI gAthAe~ aitihAsika AdhAra rakhatI haiM / kintu ve bhI kisI vyakti vizeSa, jAti-varga, kula ke pakSa meM yA vipakSa meM atizayoktipUrNa bAteM karatI haiN| sahasroM varSoM kI bAtoM ke viSaya meM jo kucha paurANika uktiyA~ evaM niSkarSa haiM unase aitihAsika tathya nikAlanA ucita nahIM hai| purANoM meM devoM evaM RSiyoM ke pArasparika jhagar3oM evaM IrSyAkula sambandhoM kI ora bahudhA saMketa milate haiN| udAharaNArtha, viSNupurANa ( 5|30|65 ) meM indra evaM kRSNa ke pArasparika yuddha kA varNana hai| kyA kRSNa prArambhika rUpa meM anArya devatA the ? jaba rAma se yuddha karane ke lie parazurAma Aye to parazurAma ne gaNeza kA dAhinA dA~ta tor3a diyaa| rAma evaM parazurAma donoM viSNu ke avatAra kahe gaye haiN| RSi bhRgu ne viSNu ko, gautama ne indra ko, mANDavya ne dharma ko zApa diyA hai ( brahmANDa 0 2 / 27 / 21-25 ) / kaI purANoM meM kAzI yA vArANasI kI vizada prazasti gAyI gayI hai| dekhie matsya0 (adhyAya 180 -185, kula 411 zloka), kUrma0 ( 1 / 31 35, kula 226 zloka ), liMga0 (pUrvArdha, adhyAya 92, kula 190 zloka ), padma0 ( Adi, 33-37, kula 170 zloka ), agni0 (112), skanda 0 ( kAzI0, adhyAya 6 ), nAradIya 0 ( uttara, adhyAya 48 - 51 ) / kevala kAzIkhaNDa meM kAzI evaM isake upatIrthoM ke viSaya meM lagabhaga 15000 zloka haiM / padmapurANa meM AyA hai ki RSiyoM ne bhRgu se pA~ca prazna pUche the, yathA- kAzI kI mahattA kyA hai ? ise kaise samajhA jAya ? kauna loga yahA~ jAya~ ? isakA vistAra yA kSetra kyA hai ? tathA isa (kAzI) ko kaise prApta kiyA jAya ? skanda0 (kAzIkhaNDa, adhyAya 26 / 2 - 5 ) meM bhI aise praznoM kI carcA hai; kaba se yaha avimukta ati prasiddha huA ? isakA nAma avimukta kyoM par3A ? yaha mokSa kA sAdhana kaise banA? kisa prakAra maNikarNikA kA kuNDa tInoM lokoM kA pUjya banA ? jaba gaMgA vahA~ nahIM thI to vahA~ pahale kyA thA ? isakA nAma vArANasI kaise par3A ? yaha nagara kAzI evaM rudrAvAsa kyoM kahalAyA ? yaha AnandakAnana kaise huA ? tathA Age calakara avimukta evaM mahAzmazAna kyoM huA ? " zatAbdiyoM se kAzI ke pA~ca vibhinna nAma rahe haiM; vArANasI, kAzI, avimukta, AnandakAnana, zmazAna banArasa meM AryoM ke Upara sAMskRtika vijaya prApta kii| kintu yaha niSkarSa nAradIya purANa ke kathana ke virodha meM hI par3atA hai| 6. ki mAhAtmyaM kathaM vedyaM sevyA kaizca dvijottama / parimANaM ca tasyAH kiM kenopAyena labhyate // padma0 ( pAtAlakhaNDa, tristhalasetu, pR0 72 ) ; avimuktamidaM kSetraM kadArabhya bhuvastale / parAM prathitimApatraM mokSadaM cAbhavatkatham // kathameSA trilokoDyA gIyate maNikarNikA / tatrAsItkiM puraH svAmin yadA nAmaranimnagA // vArANasIti kAzIti yadrAvAsa iti prabho / avApa nAmadheyAni kathametAni sampurI // AnandakAnanaM ramyamavimuktamanantaram / mahAzmazAnamiti ca kathaM khyAtaM zikhidhvaja // skanda0 ( kAzI0 26 / 2-5 ) /

Page #350
kAzI ke nAmoM kI nirukti 1343 yA mahAzmazAna / kAzIkhaNDa (26 / 34 ) ke mata se zaMkara ne ise sarvaprathama AnandakAnana kahA aura taba ise avimukta khaa| ina vibhinna nAmoM ke viSaya meM purANoM evaM anya granthoM meM saMketa Aye haiN| kAzI zabda 'kAz' ( arthAt camakanA ) se banA hai| skanda 0 meM AyA hai ki kAzI isalie prasiddha huI ki yaha nirvANa ke mArga meM prakAza pheMkatI hai yA isalie ki yahA~ anirvacanIya jyoti arthAt deva ziva mAsamAna haiM ( kAzI0, 26/67 ) / vArANasI kI vyutpatti kucha purANoM ne isa prakAra kI hai ki yaha varaNA evaM asi nAmaka do dhArAoM ke bIca meM hai jo krama se isakI uttarI evaM dakSiNI sImAe~ banAtI haiM (padma0, Adi, 33 / 49 matsya0 183 / 62; skanda0, kAzI0 30 / 69-70; agni0 112 / 6; vAmana0, zloka 38 ) / purANoM meM bahudhA vArANasI evaM avimukta nAma Ate haiM / jAbAlopaniSad meM gUDhArtha ke rUpa meM 'avimukta', 'varaNA' evaM 'nAsI' zabda Aye haiM- "atri ne yAjJavalkya se pUchA - koI anabhivyakta AtmA ko kaise jAne ? yAjJavalkya ne vyAkhyA kI ki usakI pUjA avimukta meM hotI hai, kyoMki AtmA avimukta meM kendrita hai / taba eka prazna pUchA gayA -- avimukta kisameM kendrita hai yA sthApita hai? to uttara hai ki avimukta varaNA evaM nAsI ke madhya meM avasthita hai / 'varaNA' nAma isalie par3A ki yaha indriyajanya doSoM ko dUra karatI hai aura 'nAsI' indriyajanya pApoM ko naSTa karatI hai| taba eka prazna pUchA gayA; isakA sthAna kyA hai ? uttara yaha hai ki yaha bhauMhoM evaM nAsikA kA saMyoga hai, arthAt avimukta kI upAsanA kA sthAna bhauMhoM (bhrU -yugma ) evaM nAsikA kI jar3a ke bIca hai / " isase prakaTa hotA hai ki 'varaNA' evaM 'nAsI' nAma hai ( na ki 'varaNA' evaM 'asi' ) / vAmanapurANa ne 'asI' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| yahI bAta padma0 meM bhI hai / avimukta ko niSedhAtmaka 'na' (jisake lie yahA~ 'a' rakhA gayA hai) lagAkara samajhAyA gayA hai, aura vimukta ( tyakta) ke sAtha 'na' ('a' ) ko jor3akara usakI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai / bahutase purANoM ke matAnusAra isa pavitra sthala kA nAma avimukta isalie par3A ki ziva (kabhI-kabhI ziva evaM zivA ) ne ise kabhI nahIM tyakta kiyA yA chodd'aa|" liMga meM eka anya vyutpatti dI huI hai; 'avi' kA artha hai 'pApa', ata: yaha pApa se mukta arthAt rahita hai / ' kAzIkhaNDa (39 / 74 ) kA kathana hai ki Arambha meM yaha pavitra sthala AnandakAnana thA aura Age calakara yaha avimukta banA, kyoM ki yadyapi ziva mandara parvata para cale to gaye, kintu unhoMne ise pUrNatayA choDA nahIM balki yahA~ apanA liMga chor3a gaye / ziva ko vArANasI bar3I pyArI hai, yaha unheM Ananda detI hai ata: yaha AnandakAnana yA Anandavana hai / ' kucha kAraNoM se yaha zmazAna yA mahAzmazAna bhI kahI jAtI hai| aisA logoM kA vizvAsa rahA hai ki kAzI logoM ko saMsAra se mukti detI hai aura sabhI dhArmika hinduoM ke vicAra evaM AkAMkSAe~ kAzI kI pavitra miTTI meM hI marane ke lie unheM prerita karate rahe haiM tathA isI se bUr3he evaM jIrNa-zIrNa loga yahA~ juTate rahe haiM, asAdhya rogagrasta mAnavoM ko loga 7. mune pralayakAlepi na tatkSetraM kadAcana / vimuktaM hi zivAbhyAM yadavimuktaM tato viduH // skanda0 (kAzI0 26 / 27; tristhalI0, pR0 89); liMgapurANa (pUrvArdha, 92 / 45-46 ) meM AyA hai --vimuktaM na mayA yasmAnmokSyate vA kadAcana / mama kSetramidaM tasmAdavimuktamiti smRtam / / aura dekhie yahI zloka nAradIya0 ( uttara, 48 / 24 ) meM; matsya0 (180|54evN 181 / 15 ) ; agni0 ( 112 / 2) evaM liMga0 (1 / 92 / 104) / 8. avizabdena pApastu vedoktaH kathyate dvijaiH / tena muktaM mayA juSTamavimuktamatocyate / liMga0 (pUrvArdha, 92 / 143) / 9. yathA priyatamA devi mama tvaM sarvasundari / tathA priyataraM caitana meM sadAnandakAnanam // kAzI0 (32 / 111 ) ; avimuktaM paraM kSetraM jantUnAM muktidaM sadA / seveta satataM dhImAna vizeSAnmaraNAntike / / liMga0 ( 1 / 91 / 76) /

Page #351
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa yahA~ uThA lAte haiM, jisase ki ve gaMgA ke taToM para hI mRtyu ko prApta hoM aura vahIM jalAye jaayeN| gaMgA ke taTa para para sadA zava jalAye jAte dekhe jAte haiN| zmazAna ko apavitra mAnA jAtA hai, kintu sahasroM varSoM se zmazAna ghATa hone para bhI yad gaMgA kA parama pavitra taTa mAnA jAtA rahA hai| skanda meM AyA hai ki 'ima' kA 'zava' aura 'zAna' kA sonA (zayana) yA pRthivI para par3a jAnA; jaba pralaya (vizva kA anta) AtA hai ta tattva zavoM ke samAna yahA~ par3a jAte haiM, ataH yaha sthAna mahAzmazAna kahalAtA hai| padma0 (1 / 33 / 14) meM AyA hai ki ziva kahate haiM--'avimukta eka vikhyAta zmazAna hai, maiM kAla (nAzaka yA kAla devatA) hokara. za karatA huuN|' matsya0 ne bahudhA vArANasI ko zmazAna kahA hai| kAzIkhaNDa (311310) meM AyA hai--yadi koI mahAzmazAna meM pahu~cakara vahA~ mara jAtA hai to bhAgya se use punaH zmazAna meM nahIM sonA par3atA (arthAt use punaH janma nahIM lenA pdd'taa)| yadyapi sAmAnyataH kAzI, vArANasI evaM avimukta purANoM meM samAnArthaka rUpa meM Aye haiM, tathApi kucha vacanoM dvArA unake sImAvistAroM meM antara prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| padma0 (pAtAla, tristhalI0, pR0 100 evaM tIrtha pra0, pR. 175 dvArA udadhRta) meM AyA hai ki uttara evaM dakSiNa meM krama se varaNA eva asi, pUrva meM gaMgA evaM pazcima meM pAzapANi vinAyaka se vArANasI sImita hai| Aine-akabarI (jilda 2, pR0 158) meM kahA gayA hai ki varaNA evaM asI ke madhya meM banArasa eka vizAla nagara hai aura yaha eka dhanuSa ke rUpa meM banA hai jisakI pratyaJcA gaMgA hai| matsya. (184 / 50-52) meM AyA hai- -'vaha kSetra 23 yojana pUrva evaM pazcima meM hai aura 13 yojana uttara-dakSiNa hai; isake Age vArANasI zuSka nadI (asi) taka vistRta hai|' prathama aMza kA sambandha sampUrNa kAzI kSetra se hai, jo padma0 ke mata se, usa bhAga ko sameTatA hai jo vRttAkAra hai, jisakA vyAsa vaha rekhA hai jo madhyamezvara-liMga ko dehalI-gaNeza se milatI hai| matsya0 (183 / 61-62) ne ise do yojana vistAra meM mAnA hai| yahI bAta agni0 (11216) meM bhI hai| kintu yaha saba lagabhaga vizAlatA kA dyotaka hai| yojana se mApI gayI dUrI vibhinna rUpoM vAlI hai| rAisa DeviDsa ne apane grantha 'nyUmismaiTA oriNTailiyA' (landana, 1877) meM pAli granthoM se 30 padyoM kI vyAkhyA evaM parIkSA karake darzAyA hai ki eka yojana 7 yA 8 mIla ke barAbara hotA hai| avimukta ko vizvezvara se cAroM dizAoM meM 200 dhanuoM (arthAta 800 hAtha yA lagabhaga 1200 phuTa) ke vyAsa meM vistRta prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| avimukta ke vistAra ke viSaya meM mataikya nahIM hai| kAzIkhaNDa (26 / 31) meM avimukta kA vistAra pA~ca yojana kahA gayA hai| kintu vahA~ avimukta kAzI ke lie hI prayukta huA hai| kAzIkSetra kA antaHvRtta yoM kahA gayA hai-pazcima meM gokarNezvara, pUrva meM gaMgA kI madhyadhArA, uttara meM bhArabhata evaM dakSiNa meM brahmezvara ke bIca yaha sthita hai| liMga0 (pUrvArdha, 92 / 99-100; tIrthaci0, pR0 340 evaM tristhalI0, pR0 103) meM AyA hai; ki yaha kSetra cAroM dizAoM meM cAra yojana hai aura eka yojana madhya hai| nAradIya0 (uttara, 48 / 18-19) ne isakI sImA yoM dI hai--(yaha kSetra) pUrva evaM pazcima meM DhAI yojana taka phailA huA hai aura uttara se dakSiNa taka AdhA yojana caur3A hai, devatA zambhu ne varuNA evaM eka sUkhI dhArA asi ke madhya meM isakA vistAra batalAyA hai| padma0 (sRSTi, 14 / 194-196) meM brahmA ne rudra se yoM kahA hai--maiMne tumheM paMca krozoM meM vistata eka kSetra diyA hai, jaba sabhI nadiyoM meM zreSTha gaMgA isa kSetra se bahegI, taba yaha nagara mahAna evaM pavitra hogA; gaMgA, jo (banArasa meM) do yojana taka 10. dakSiNottarayonadyau varaNAsizca puurvtH| jAhnavI pazcime cApi paashpaannignneshvrH|| padma0 (pAtAlakhaNDa, tristhalI0, pR0 100 evaM tIrthaprakAza, pR0 172) /

Page #352
kAzI evaM vArANasI kI sImA aura mahimA 1345 uttaravAhinI hai, pavitra hogii| jaba granthoM meM avimukta ke vistAra ke viSaya meM antara pAyA jAya to aisA samajhanA cAhie ki vahA~ vikalpa hai (jaisA ki tIrthaci 0 meM AyA hai ki antara vibhinna kalpoM yA yagoM ke dyotaka haiN)| yaha spaSTa hai ki vArANasI vaha kSetra hai jisake pUrva meM gaMgA, dakSiNa meM asi, pazcima meM dehalI - vinAyaka evaM uttara meM varaNA hai| sAtavIM zatAbdI meM hvenasAMga ne likhA hai ki banArasa lambAI meM 18 lI ( lagabhaga 3 / mIla) evaM caur3AI meM 5 yA 6 lI (eka mIla se kucha adhika ) hai| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki una dinoM bhI banArasa varaNA evaM asi ke madhya meM thA / vArANasI kI mahattA evaM vilakSaNatA ke viSaya meM sahasroM zloka mi te haiN| yahA~ hama kevala kucha hI viziSTa zlokoM kI carcA kara sakeMge / vanaparva ( 84179-80 ) meM AyA hai -- avimukta meM AnevAlA evaM rahanevAlA ( tIrthasevI ) vyakti vizvezvara kA darzana karate hI brahmahatyA ke pApa se mukta ho jAtA hai, yadi vaha yahA~ mara jAtA hai to vaha mokSa pA jAtA hai| matsya 0 ( 180/47) ne kahA hai--' vArANasI merA sarvottama tIrtha sthala hai, sabhI prANiyoM ke lie yaha mokSa kA kAraNa hai| prayAga yA isa nagara meM mokSa prApti ho sakatI hai, kyoMki isakI rakSA kA bhAra mere Upara hai, yaha tIrtharAja prayAga se bhI mahAn hai / jyoM hI vyakti avimukta meM praveza karatA hai, sahasroM atIta jIvanoM meM kiye gaye ekatra pApa naSTa ho jAte haiN| brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya, zUdra, varNasaMkara, kRmi (kIr3e-makor3e), mleccha, anya pApayoniyoM se utpanna loga, kITa-pataMga, cIMTiyA~, pakSI evaM pazu jaba kAla ke mukha meM pahu~ca jAte haiM, to ve sabhI mere zubha nagara meM sukha pAte haiM, ve sabhI apane siroM para candrArtha grahaNa kara lete haiM, lalATa para (tIsarA ) netra pA jAte haiM aura bAhana rUpa meM vRSa (baila) pA lete haiN|' matsya0 (180 / 71 evaM 74 ) meM punaH AyA hai-- viSayAsakta-citta loga, dharma-bhakti ko vyakta kara denevAle loga bhI yadi kAzI meM mara jAte haiM, to ve punaH janma nahIM lete; sahasroM janmoM ke yoga-sAdhana ke uparAnta yoga-prApti hotI hai, kintu kAzI meM mRtyu hone se isI jIvana meM parama mokSa prApta ho jAtA hai| pApI, zaTha evaM adhArmika vyakti bhI pApamukta ho jAtA hai, yadi vaha avimukta meM praveza karatA hai ( matsya 0 183 / 11; padma0 1 / 33 / 38 ) / bhogaparAyaNa evaM kAmacAriNI striyA~ bhI yahA~ para kAla meM mRtyu pAne para mokSa pAtI haiM ( matsya0 184 36 ) / isa vizva meM binA yoga ke mAnava mokSa nahIM pAte, kintu avimukta meM nivAsa karane se yoga evaM mokSa donoM prApta ho jAte haiM (matsya0 185 / 15 / 16 ) | samaya se graha evaM nakSatra gira sakate haiM, kintu avimukta meM marane se kabhI bhI patana nahIM ho sakatA ( matsya 0 185-61 kAzIkhaNDa 64 / 96 ) duSTa prakRti vAle puruSoM yA striyoM dvArA jo bhI dRSTa karma jAna yA anajAna meM kiye jAyeM, kintu jaba ve avimukta meM praveza karate haiM to ve (duSTa karma) bhasma ho jAte haiM (nAradIya0, uttara, 48 / 33-34; kAzI0 85 / 15) / kAzI meM rahane vAlA mleccha bhI bhAgyazAlI hai, bAhara rahane vAlA, cAhe vaha dIkSita ( yajJa karane vAlA) hI kyoM na ho, mukti kA bhAjana nahIM ho sakatA / kucha purANoM meM vArANasI evaM nadiyoM kA rahasyAtmaka rUpa bhI dikhAyA gayA hai| udAharaNArtha, kAzIkhaNDa meM AyA hai ki asi iDA nAr3I hai, varaNA piMgalA hai, avimukta suSumnA hai aura vArANasI tInoM hai ( 5/25 ) | liMga0 ( tIrthaci 0, pR0 341; tristhalI0, pR0 78-79 ) ne yahI bAta dUsare DhaMga se kahI hai| isameM AyA hai ki asi (zuSka nadI), varaNA evaM matsyodarI (gaMgA) krama se piMgalA, iDA evaM suSumnA haiN| 11. sa hovAceti jAvAlirAruNe'siriDA matA / varaNA piMgalA nADI tadantastvavimuktakam // sA suSumnA parA mADI zrayaM vArANasI tvasau // skanda0 ( kAzI0 5 / 25; milAie nAradIya0 (uttara, 47 / 22-23; ) piMgalA nAma yA nADI AgneyI sA prakIrtitA / zuSkA saricca sA jJeyA lolArko yatra tiSThati // iDAnAmnI ca yA nADI sA saumyA

Page #353
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa hai aba hama vArANasI ke punIta sthaloM kI carcA kreNge| purANoM meM aisA AyA hai ki kAzIkSetra meM pada-pada para tIrtha haiM, eka tila bhI sthala aisA nahIM hai jahA~ liMga ( ziva kA pratIka) na ho / 2 kevala adhyAya 10 meM hI kAzIkhaNDa ne 64 liMgoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| kintu hama viziSTa rUpa se ullikhita tIrthoM kA hI varNana kreNge| hvenasAMga kA kathana hai ki usake kAla meM banArasa meM eka sau mandira the| usane eka aise mandira kA ullekha kiyA hai jisameM deva mahezvara kI tAmra-pratimA 100 phuTa se kama U~cI nahIM thI / abhAgyavaza san 1994 se lekara 1670 I0 taka musalamAnI rAjAoM ne vibhinna kAloM meM adhikAMza meM sabhI hindU mandiroM ko tor3a-phor3a diyaa| ina mandiroM ke sthAna para masajida evaM makabare khar3e kara diye gaye / mandiroM kI sAmagriyA~ masajidoM Adi ke nirmANa meM laga gayIM / kutubuddIna aibaka ne san 1994 I0 meM eka sahasra mandira tur3avA diye (ilieTa evaM DAusana kI 'hisTrI Ava iNDiyA', jilda 2, pR0 222 ) / alAuddIna khilajI ne garva ke sAtha kahA ki usane kevala banArasa meM hI eka sahasra mandiroM ko naSTa-bhraSTa karA diyA (zeriMga, pR0 31 evaM haivela, pR0 76) rAjA ToDaramala kI sahAyatA se san 1585 I0 meM nArAyaNa bhaTTa ne vizvanAtha ke mandira ko punaH banavAyA / kintu yaha mandira bhI kAlAntara meM dhvasta kara diyA gayA / ma Asira-e-AlamagIrI kA nimna aMza (ilieTa evaM DAusana, 'hisTrI Ava iNDiyA', jilda 7, pR0 184) par3hane yogya hai-- "dharma ke rakSaka zAhaMzAha ke kAnoM meM yaha pahu~cA ki thaTTa, mulatAna evaM banArasa ke prAntoM meM, vizeSataH antima (banArasa) meM mUrkha brAhmaNa loga apanI pAThazAlAoM meM tuccha pustakoM kI vyAkhyA meM saMlagna haiM aura unakI duSTa vidyA kI jAnakArI prApta karane ke lie dUradUra se hindU evaM musalamAna vahA~ jAte haiN| dharma ke saMcAlaka ne phalataH sabhI sUvoM ke sUbedAroM ko yaha faramAna (Adeza) bhejA ki kAphiroM ke sAre mandira evaM pAThazAlAe~ naSTa kara dI jAya~; unheM AjJA dI gayI ki mUrti pUjA ke AcaraNa evaM zikSA ko ve bar3I kaThoratA se banda kara deM / 15vIM rabiu - lAkhira (disambara, 1669 ) ko yaha sUcanA dhArmika zAhaMzAha ko, jo eka khudA ke mAnane vAloM ke netA the, dI gayI ki unakI AjJA ke pAlanArtha rAjakarmacAriyoM ne banArasa ke vizvanAtha mandira ko tor3a diyA hai|" / 1346 vizvezvara mandira ke sthala para auraMgajeba ne eka masajida banavAyI, jo Aja bhI avasthita hai / auraMgajeba ne banArasa kA nAma muhammadAbAda rakha diyaa| zeriMga ( pR0 32 ) kA kathana hai ki isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki auraMgajeba ke kAla (san 1658-1707 ) ke bIsa mandiroM ko bhI banArasa meM pAnA kaThina hai / bAda meM marAThe saradAroM ne bahuta-se mandira banavAye aura aMgrejI zAsana kAla meM bahuta se anya mandira bhI bne| priMsepa ne san 1828 meM gaNanA karAyI jisase patA calA ki banArasa nagara meM 1000 mandira evaM 333 masajideM haiN| Age kI gaNanA se patA calA ki kula milAkara 1454 mandira evaM 272 masajideM haiM ( zeriMga, pR0 41-42 ) ki 1500 mandira haiM aura dIvAroM meM lagI huI pratimAe~ asaMkhya haiN| / haivela ( pR0 76 ) kA kathana hai vizvezvara yA vizvanAtha vArANasI ke rakSaka deva haiM aura inakA mandira sarvocca evaM parama pavitra hai / aisI vyavasthA dI gayI hai pratyeka kAzIvAsI ko prati dina gaMgA meM snAna karanA cAhie aura vizvanAtha mandira meM jAnA cAhie (dekhie tristhalasetu, pR0 214) / vizvanAtha mandira jaba auraMgajeba dvArA naSTa karA diyA gayA to eka sau varSoM se saMprakIrtitA / varaNA nAma sA jJeyA kezavo yatra saMsthitaH // AbhyAM madhye tu yA nADI suSumnA sA prakIrtitA // matsyodarI ca sA jJeyA viSuvaM tatprakIrtitam // liga0 (tIrthaci0, pR0 341, tristhalI0, pR0 78-79 ) / + 12. tIrthAni santi bhUyAMsi kAzyAmatra pade pade / na paJcanadatIrthasya koTyaMzena samAnyapi // skanda0 ( kAzI0, 59 / 18 ) ; tilAntarApi no kAzyAM bhUmiliGga vinA kvacit / kAzI0 (10 / 103) /

Page #354
kAzI-vizvanAtha kA vilopa tathA punaH sthApanA; anya mandira, ghATa, paJca tIrtha Upara taka banArasa meM vizvanAtha kA koI mandira nahIM rhaa| sambhavataH liMga samaya-sthiti ke phalasvarUpa eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para rakhA jAtA rahA aura yAtrI loga pUjA ke kucha aMga (namaskAra evaM pradakSiNA) pratimA-sthala para hI karate rahe, kintu ve pUjA ke anya aMga, yathA gaMgA-jala se pratimA-snAna Adi nahIM karA sakate the| Adhunika vizvanAtha I holkara dvArA 18vIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa meM banavAyA gyaa| tristhalIsetU (pa0 183) ne vizvezvara ke prAdurbhAva ke prazna para vicAra karate hue yaha likhA hai ki aspRzyoM dvArA chUne se vizvezvaraliMga dUSita nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki pratyeka dina prAtaHkAla maNikarNikA meM snAna evaM pUjA karane se vizvezvara usa doSa ko dUra kara lete haiN| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki sAmAnya liMgoM ke viSaya meM bar3I sAvadhAnI pradarzita kI jAtI hai| liMgoM ko sabhI loga nahIM chU sakate, kintu vizvezvaraliMga ko pApI bhI chU sakatA hai, usakI pUjA kara sakatA hai aura usa para gaMgAjala car3hA sakatA hai| kintu nArAyaNa bhaTTa ke isa kathana se yaha spaSTa nahIM ho pAtA ki aspRzya bhI ise chU sakate haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vAcaspati ke mata se avimuktezvara liMga vizvanAtha hI haiM, kintu tristhalIsetu (pR0 296) evaM tIrthaprakAza (pR0 187) ne yaha mata amAnya ThaharAyA hai| skanda (kAzI0, 10 / 9 / 93) ne vizvezvara evaM avimuktezvara ko pRthaka-pRthaka liMga mAnA hai| vizvanAtha ke atirikta yAtrI-gaNa banArasa meM pA~ca tIrthoM (paMcatIrthI) kI yAtrA karate haiN| matsya0 (185 / 68-69) ke anusAra vizvezvara ke AnandakAnana meM pA~ca pramukha tIrtha haiM; dazAzvamedha, lolArka," kezava, bindumAdhava evaM mnnikrnnikaa|" Adhunika kAla ke pramukha paMcatIrtha haiM asi evaM gaMgA kA saMgama, dazAzvamedha ghATa, maNikarNikA, paMcagaMgA ghATa tathA varaNA evaM gaMgA kA sNgm| yaha kAzIkhaNDa (106 / 110 evaM 114) para AdhArita hai| lolArka tIrtha asi (vArANasI kI dakSiNI sImA) evaM gaMgA ke saMgama para avasthita mAnA jAtA hai| kAzIkhaNDa (46 / 48-49) ne lolArka nAma kI vyAkhyA kI hai ki 'kAzI ko dekhane para sUrya kA mana lola (caMcala) ho gyaa|' varSA Rtu meM asi lagabhaga 40 phuTa caur3I dhArA ho jAtI hai, kintu anya kAloM meM yaha sUkhI rahatI hai| kAzI ke katipaya ghATa manorama dRzya upasthita karate haiM / banArasa meM pahu~cakara gaMgA uttara kI ora ghUma jAtI hai (arthAt himAlaya kI dizA meM pravAhita ho jAtI hai, ataH yaha yahA~ viziSTa rUpa se pUjya evaM pavitra hai| dazAzvamedha ghATa zatAbdiyoM se vikhyAta rahA hai| DA0 jAyasavAla ne jo vyAkhyA upasthita kI hai, vaha ThIka hI hai; bhAraziva loga samrATa the, ve gaMgA ke jala se abhiSikta hue the aura daza azvamedha yajJoM ke uparAnta unhoMne yahA~ abhiSeka kiyA thA aura isI kAraNa isa ghATa kA nAma dazAzvamedha par3A (DA0 jAyasavAla kA grantha 'hisTrI Ava iNDiyA', san 150 I0 se 350 I0 taka, pR0 5) / prAtaHkAla dazAzvamedha ghATa para gaMgA kI zobhA ati ramaNIya ho uThatI hai (isa ghATa kI prazasti ke lie dekhie kAzIkhaNDa (52 / 83) evaM tristhalIsetu (pR0 159) / kAzIkhaNDa kA kathana hai ki isa tIrtha kA prArambhika nAma thA rudrasara, kintu jaba brahmA ne yahA~ daza azvamedha kiye to yaha dazAzvamedha ho gayA (52666-68) / maNikarNikA, jise muktikSetra bhI kahA jAtA hai, banArasa ke dhArmika jIvana kA kendra hai aura banArasa ke sabhI tIrthoM meM sarvocca mAnA jAtA hai| kAzIkhaNDa meM eka vicitra gAthA hai (26 / 51-63 evaM tristhalI0, pR0 145-146)viSNu ne apane cakra se eka puSkariNI khodI, use apane sveda (pasIne) se bhara diyA aura 1050 (yA 50000) varSoM 13. kAzI meM kaI sUrya-tIrtha haiM, jinameM lolArka bhI eka hai (kAzIkhaNDa, 1083), anya 12 arka haiM uttarArka, sAmbAditya Adi (46 / 45-46) / 14. tIrthAnAM paJcakaM sAraM vishveshaanndkaanne| dazAzvamedha lolArkaH kezavo bindumaadhvH||pnycmii tu mahAzreSThA procyate maNikarNikA / ebhistu tIrthavaryazca varNyate hyavimuktakam // matsya0 (185 / 68-69) / 97

Page #355
1348 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa taka isake taTa para tapa kiyaa| ziva yahA~ Aye aura unhoMne prasanna hokara apanA sira hilAyA jisake phalasvarUpa maNiyoM (ratnoM) se jar3A huA unakA karNAbhUSaNa puSkariNI meM gira par3A aura isI se isakA nAma maNikarNikA pdd'aa| kAzIkhaNDa (26 / 66) meM yaha nAma eka anya prakAra se bhI samajhAyA gayA hai; ziva, jo kAMkSApUrti karane vAlI maNi ke samAna haiM, acche logoM ke marate samaya unake karNa meM yahA~ tAraka mantra kahate haiN| uttara se dakSiNa 105 hAtha (160 phuTa) yaha vistRta hai (99 / 54) / Ajakala maNikarNikA kA jala gaMdA ho gayA hai aura maha~katA hai, kyoMki yaha chichalA ho gayA hai (kevala do yA tIna phuTa gaharA), kyoMki yahA~ saikar3oM yAtrI puSpa pheMkate haiM aura paise DAlate haiM jinheM khojane ke lie purohita loga hAthoM evaM pairoM se TaTolate haiN| hamako pUjA kA DhaMga badalanA cAhie / puSpa evaM paise kinAre para rakhe jAne caahie| maNikarNikA kA dhyAna karane ke lie tristhalIsetu (pR0 157) ne kaI mantra likhe haiN| maNikarNikA ke pAsa tArakezvara kA mandira hai jinakA yaha nAma isalie par3A hai ki yahA~ marate samaya vyakti ke kAna meM ziva tAraka mantra kahate haiM (kAzIkhaNDa, 778, 25 / 72-73 evaM 32 / 115-116) / paMcagaMgA ghATa kA nAma isalie vikhyAta huA ki yahA~ pA~ca nadiyoM ke milane kI kalpanA kI gayI hai yathA kiraNA, dhUtapApA, gaMgA, yamunA evaM sarasvatI, jinameM cAra gupta haiN| isakI bar3I mahattA gAyI gayI hai| nAradIya purANa evaM kAzI0 (59 / 118-113) meM aisA kahA gayA hai ki jaba vyakti paMcagaMgA meM snAna karatA hai to paMcatattvoM se racita zarIra meM punaH janma nahIM letaa| ukta pA~ca nadiyoM kA yaha saMgama vibhinna nAmoM vAlA hai, yathA-dharmanada, dhUtapAtaka, vindutIrtha evaM paMcanada jo krama se kRta (satya), tretA, dvApara evaM kaliyuga meM prasiddha haiN| kAzI0 (adhyAya 59) meM paMcagaMgA ke saMgama ke viSaya meM citra-vicitra kiMvadantiyA~ kI huI haiM (59 / 108-113 evaM 59 / 101 / 106) / varaNa' nadI vArANasI kI uttarI sImA hai aura uttara ke ghATa varaNA evaM gaMgA ke saMgama taka pahu~cate haiN| tAmrapatroM evaM zilAlekhoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki vahA~ ghATa lagabhaga eka sahasra varSoM se rahe haiN| kanauja ke gahaDavAra rAjA loga (jinake samaya ke kama-se-kama 55 tAmrapatra evaM 3 zilAlekha san 1097 se 1187 I0 taka takSita prApta hue haiM ) viSNu ke bhakta the, aura unhoMne Adi-kezava ghATa para katipaya dAnapatra diye| dekhie je0 Ara0 e0 esa0 (1896, pR0 787, jahA~ varNita hai ki mahArAjJI pRthvIzrIkA ne sUryagrahaNa ke samaya snAna kiyA thA aura madanapAla ne dAna diyA thA), iNDiyana aiNTIkverI (jilda 19, 10249, jahA~ saMvata 1188, arthAta san 1131 I0 meM govindacandra ke dAna kA ullekha hai, epiraeNphiyA iNDikA (jilda 14, pR0 197, jahA~ isakA varNana hai ki candrAdityadeva ne Adikezava ghATa para gaMgA-varaNA ke saMgama ghATa para snAna karake savat 1156 kI akSayatRtIyA ko 30 gA~va 500 brAhmaNoM ko diye| ina rAjAoM ne anya pavitra sthaloM evaM ghAToM para bhI dAna diye| udAharaNArtha epigrephiyA iNDikA (jilda 4, pR0 97 evaM 81141) / kAzI0 (12159) meM AyA hai ki jo pavitra nadiyoM para patthara ke dhaTTa (ghATa) banavAte haiM ve varuNaloka ko jAte haiM (ghaTTAna puNyataTinyAdebandhayanti zilAdibhiH / toyAthisukhasiddhayarthaM ye narAstetra bhoginaH / / ) / paJcakrozI kI yAtrA atyanta puNyakarmoM meM parigaNita hai| apane kRtyakalpataru grantha ke tIrtha-prakaraNa meM lakSmIdhara ne isakA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| paJcakrozI kA vistAra lagabhaga 50 mIla hai aura isa para saikar3oM tIrtha haiN| sampUrNa mArga ke lie maNikarNikA ko kendra mAnA jAya to yaha mArga pA~ca kosoM ke vyAsa se vArANasI ke Ter3hA-mer3hA ardhavRtta banAtA hai aura isI se ise paJcakrozI kahA jAtA hai| kAzIkhaNDa (26 / 80 evaM 114 tathA 55 / 44) meM 'paJcakrozI' nAma AyA hai| saMkSepa meM yaha yAtrA yoM hai--yAtrI maNikarNikA se prasthAna karatA hai, gaMgA ke taTa se hotA haA asi evaM gaMgA ke saMgama para pahu~catA hai aura maNikarNikA se lagabhaga 6 mIla kI dUrI para jAkara khANDava nAmaka gA~va meM eka dina ke lie rukatA hai| dUsare dina kI yAtrA dhapacaNDI nAmaka grAma (lagabhaga 8 yA 10 mIla) taka hotI hai, jahA~ usa nAma kI devI kI pUjA hotI hai| tIsare dina yAtrI 14 mIla calakara rAmezvara grAma meM pahu~catA hai|

Page #356
maNikarNikA, paMcakrozI parikramA, jJAnavApI, kAzI-nivAsa Adi kA varNana 1349 cauthe dina yAtrI 8 mIla calakara zivapura pahuMcatA hai| pA~caveM dina 6 mIla calakara vaha kapiladhArA paha~catA hai aura vahA~ pitaroM kA zrAddha karatA hai| chaThe dina vaha kapiladhArA se varaNAsaMgama pahu~cakara usake Age 6 mIla maNikarNikA pahu~catA hai| kapiladhArA se maNikarNikA jAte samaya yAtrI yava (jau) chIMTatA jAtA hai| taba yAtrI snAna karatA hai, purohita ko dakSiNA detA hai aura sAkSI-vinAyaka ke mandira meM jAtA hai| aisI kalpanA kI gayI hai ki sAkSI-vinAyaka paJcakrozI-yAtrA ke sAkSI hote haiN| vArANasI meM bahuta-se upatIrtha haiM, jinameM kucha kA varNana saMkSepa meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| jJAnavApI kI gAthA kAzIkhaNDa (a0 33) meM AyI hai| tristhalIsetu (pR0 148-150) ne isakI ora saMketa kiyA hai| aisA kahA gayA hai ki jaba ziva (IzAna) ne vizvezvarIlaMga ko dekhA to unheM isako zItala jala se snAna karAne kI icchA huii| unhoMne vizvezvara ke mandira ke dakSiNa meM apane trizala se eka kaNDa khoda DAlA tathA usake jala se vizvezvaraliMga ko snAna kraayaa| taba vizvezvara ne varadAna diyA ki yaha tIrtha sarvottama hogA; kyoMki 'ziva' jAna hai (zloka 32) ataH tIrtha jJAnoda yA jJAnavApI hogaa| eka anya mahatvapUrNa tIrtha hai durgaa-mndir| kAzI0 (72 / 67-65) meM durgA stotra hai jise vajrapaJjara kahA jAtA hai (tristhalI0, 10 161) / vizvezvara ke mandira se eka mIla kI dUrI para bhairavanAtha kA mandira hai| bhairavanAtha kAzI ke kotavAla haiM aura bar3I moTI patthara kI lAThI (daNDa) rakhate haiN| inakA vAhana kuttA hai (kAzI0, adhyAya 30) / gaNeza ke bahuta-se mandira haiN| visthalIsetu (10 198-199) ne kAzI0 (57159-115 SaT-paMcAzad gajamakhAnetAnya: saMsmariSyati) ke AdhAra para 56 gaNezoM ke nAma diye haiM aura unake sthAnoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| kAzI0 (57 / 33) meM 'DhuNDi' nAma gaNeza kA hai aura ise 'DhuNDi' arthAt anveSaNa ke artha meM liyA gayA hai (anveSaNe DhuNDirayaM prathitosti dhaatuH)| tristhalIsetu (pR0 98-100) ne isa prazna para vicAra kiyA hai ki kyA kAzI meM praveza karane se gata jIvanoM ke bhI pApa naSTa ho jAte haiM yA kevala vartamAna jIvana ke hii| kucha logoM kA mata hai ki kAzI-yAtrA se isa jIvana ke hI pApa miTate haiM, kintu anya pavitra sthaloM meM snAna karane se pUrva jIvanoM ke pApa bhI kaTa jAte haiN| anya logoM kA mata yaha hai ki kAzI-praveza se sabhI pUrva jIvanoM ke pApa miTa jAte haiN| kintu anya sthaloM ke snAna se vibhinna jIvanoM meM pApa karma karane kI bhAvanA miTa jAtI hai| nArAyaNa bhaTTa ne kaI matoM kI carcA kI hai aura anta meM yahI kahA hai ki ziSToM ko vahI mata mAnanA cAhie jo ucita lge| kAzI ke nivAsa-AcaraNa ke viSaya meM bahata-se purANoM ne niyama batAye haiN| aisA kahA gayA hai ki kAzI meM rahate hue halakA pApa bhI nahIM karanA caahie| kyoMki daNDa usase kahIM adhika milatA hai| matsya0 (185 / 17-45) evaM kAzI0 (adhyAya 97) meM aisI kathA AyI hai ki vyAsa ko jaba kAzI meM bhikSA nahIM milI to ve bhUkha se kupita ho uThe aura kAzI ko zApa dene ko udyata ho gye| ziva ne unake mana kI bAta samajhakara gRhastha kA rUpa dharakara sarvottama bhojana diyA aura vyAsa ko AjJA dI ki ve kAzI meM na AyeM, kyoMki ve krodhI vyakti haiN| kintu unheM aSTamI evaM caturdazI ko praveza karane kI AjJA de dii| kAzI0 (96 / 12-80 evaM 119-180) ne kAzI-nivAsa ke AcaraNa ke viSaya meM vistAra se likhA hai| kAzI ke viSaya meM kucha anya bAteM bhI dI jA rahI haiN| kAzI eka bar3A tIrtha hai, ataH yahA~ pitRzrAddha karanA cAhie, kintu yadi zrAddha karma vizada rUpa se na kiyA jA sake to piNDadAna kara denA cAhie (tristhalI, pR0 129) / jo loga yahAM tapa karate haiM unake lie maThoM ke nirmANa evaM unake bharaNa-poSaNa kI prazasti gAyI gayI hai (tristhalIsetu, pR0 133) / 12vIM zatAbdI kI kAzI meM gaMgA ke taTa para kapAlamocana ghATa bhI thaa| sana 1120 I0 meM samrATa govinda

Page #357
1350 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa candra ne banArasa meM kapAlamocana ghATa para (jahA~ gaMgA uttara kI ora bahatI haiM) snAna karake vyAsa nAmaka brAhmaNa ko eka grAma dAna ke rUpa meM diyA thaa| isa ghATa ke viSaya meM matsya0 (183 / 84-103) evaM kAzIkhaNDa (33 / 116) meM gAthA AyI hai| yaha jJAtavya hai ki liMga0 (pUrvArdha, 92 / 67-100), padma0 (Adi, adhyAya 34-37), kUrma0 (1 // 32 // 1-12 evaM 1135 / 1-15, tIrtha) evaM kAzI0 (10 / 86-97, adhyAya 33, 53127 evaM adhyAya 55, 58 tathA 61) meM kAzI ke bahuta-se liMgoM evaM tIrthoM kA ullekha huA hai| kAzI0 (73 / 32-36) meM nimna 14 nAma haiM, jo mahA liMga ke nAma se prasiddha the--oMkAra, trilocana, mahAdeva, kRttivAsa, ratnezvara, candrezvara, kedAra, dharmezvara, vIrezvara, kAmezvara, vizvakarmezvara, maNikarNIza, avimukta evaM vishveshvr| kAzI0 (73 / 39) meM aisA AyA hai ki ina mahAliMgoM kI yAtrA mAsa kI pratipadA se Arambha kI jAnI caahie| kAzI0 (73 / 45-48) meM punaH 14 liMgoM ke nAma Aye haiM jo vibhinna haiN| kAzI0 (73 / 60-62) meM 14 AyatanoM kA varNana AyA hai| inameM 12 ko liMga0 (1092 / 67-107) ne liMgoM ke rUpa meM parigaNita kiyA hai| kAzI0 (adhyAya 83 evaM 84) ne kAzI ke 125 tIrthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| isake adhyAya 94 (zloka 36) meM 36 maulika liMgoM (14 oMkArAdi, 8 devezvarAdi evaM 14 zailezAdi) kI ora saMketa huA hai| kintu inameM vizvezvara turata phala denevAle kahe gaye haiN| __ aisI vyavasthA dI huI hai ki kAzI meM rahate hue prati dina gaMgA kI ora jAnA cAhie, maNikarNikA meM snAna karanA cAhie aura vizvezvara kA darzana karanA caahie| jaba koI kAzI ke bAhara pApa karake kAzI AtA hai aura yahA~ mara jAtA hai yA koI kAzIvAsI kAzI meM pApa karatA hai aura yahIM yA anyatra mara jAtA hai to kyA hotA hai ? tristhalIsetu (pR0 268) ne kAzIkhaNDa (75 / 22), padma0 evaM brahmavaivarta se uddharaNa dekara nimna niSkarSa nikAle haiN| jo kAzI meM rahakara pApakarmI hote haiM, ve 40 sahasra varSoM taka pizAca rahate haiM, punaH kAzI meM rahate hue parama jJAna prApta karate haiM aura taba mokSa pAte haiN| jo kAzI meM rahakara pApa karate haiM, ve yama kI yAtanAe~ nahIM sahate, cAhe ve kAzI meM mareM yA anytr| jo kAzI meM pApa kara yahIM mara jAte haiM ve kAlabhairava dvArA daNDita hote haiN| jo kAzI meM pApa karake anyatra marate haiM ve yama nAmaka ziva ke gaNoM dvArA pIr3ita hote haiM, usake uparAnta 30 sahasra varSoM taka kAlabhairava dvArA pIr3ita hote haiM, punaH manuSya rUpa meM janma lete haiM taba kAzI meM marate haiM aura anta meM saMsAra se mukti pAte haiN| yaha jJAtavya hai ki kAzIkhaNDa (5871-72) ke mata se kAzI se kucha dUra uttara viSNu ne dharmakSetra nAmaka sthAna meM apanA nivAsa banAyA aura vahA~ saugata (buddha) kA avatAra liyaa| yaha sAranAtha nAmaka sthAna kI ora saMketa hai jo kAzI se pA~ca mIla kI dUrI para hai aura jahA~ buddha ne apanA prathama upadeza kiyA thaa| sAmAnya niyama yaha hai ki saMnyAsI loga 8 mAsoM taka idhara-udhara ghUmate haiM aura varSA ke cAra yA do mAsa eka sthAna para vyatIta kara sakate haiM, kintu jaba ve kAzI meM praveza karate haiM to yaha niyama Ta jAtA hai| yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki unheM kAzI kA sarvathA tyAga nahIM karanA cAhie (mtsy0184|32-34; kalpataru, tIrtha, pR0 24) / kAzI ke nAma ke sAtha vidyA kI mahAn paramparAe~ lagI huI haiM, jinakA ullekha isa grantha ke kSetra ke bAhara hai| itanA hI kahanA paryApta hai ki banArasa evaM kazmIra alabarUnI ke kAla meM hindu vijJAnoM kI uttama pAThazAlAoM ke lie prasiddha the (jilda 1, pR0 173) / Aine akabarI (jilda 2, pR0 158) meM AyA hai ki banArasa purAtana kAla se hindustAna meM vidyA kA prathama pITha rahA hai| kAzIkhaNDa (96 / 121) meM AyA hai ki yaha vidyA kA sadana hai (vidyAnAM sadanaM kaashii)| banArasa ke jJAnasaMpanna kUloM kI jAnakArI ke lie dekhie DA0 alatekara kI hisTrI Ava banArasa (pR0 23-24) evaM iNDiyana aiNTIkverI (jilda 41, pR07-13 evaM 245-253) /

Page #358
adhyAya 14 gayA Adhunika kAla meM bhI sabhI dhArmika hinduoM kI dRSTi meM gayA kA vilakSaNa mahattva hai| isake itihAsa prAcInatA, purAtattva sambandhI avazeSoM, isake caturdik ke pavitra sthaloM, isameM kiye jAnevAle zrAddha karmoM tathA gayAvAloM ke viSaya meM saikar3oM pRSTha likhe jA cuke haiN| yahA~ hama ina sabhI bAtoM para prakAza nahIM DAla sakate / lagabhaga sau varSoM ke mI bahuta-sI bAteM likhI gayI haiM aura kaI matoM kA udghoSa kiyA gayA hai / jo loga gayA kI prAcInatA evaM isake itihAsa kI jAnakArI karanA cAhate haiM unheM nimna grantha evaM lekha par3hane cAhie - DA0 rAjendralAla mitra kA grantha 'buddha gayA' (1878 I0 ) ; janarala kaniMghama kA 'mahAbodhi' (1892 ) ; o' mailI ke gayA gajeTiyara ke gayA zrAddha evaM gayAvAla nAmaka adhyAya; pI0 sI0 rAya caudharI dvArA sampAdita gayA gajeTiyara kA navIna saMskaraNa (1957 I0 ) ; iNDiyana eNNTIkverI ( jilda 10, pR0 339 - 340, jisameM buddhagayA ke cInI abhilekha, san 1033 I0 kA tathA gayA ke anya abhilekhoM kA, jinameM buddha-parinirvANa ke 1813 varSoM ke uparAnta kA eka abhilekha bhI hai jo viSNupada ke pAsa 'dakSiNa mAnasa' kuNDa ke sUryamandira meM utkIrNa hai, varNana hai ) ; iNDiyana aiNTIkverI (jilda 16, pR0 63), jahA~ vizvAditya ke putra yakSapAla ke usa lekha kA varNana hai jisameM pAlarAja nayapAla deva ( mRtyu, san 1045 I0) dvArA nirmANa kiye gaye mandira meM pratiSThApita pratimAoM kA ullekha hai; DA0 veNImAdhava baruA kA do bhAgoM meM 'gayA evaM buddhagayA' grantha; je0 bI0 o0 Ara0 esa0 (jilda 24, 1938 I0, pR0 89 - 111 ) / madhya kAla ke nibandhoM ke lie dekhie kalpataru ( tIrtha, pR0 163 - 174), tIrtha- cintAmaNi ( pR0 268-328), tristhalIsetu ( pR0 316-379), tIrthaprakAza ( pR0 384 - 452), tIrthenduzekhara ( pR0 54 - 59 ) tathA tristhalIsetu-sArasaMgraha (pR0 36-38) / gayA ke viSaya meM sabase mahattvapUrNa grantha hai gayA - mAhAtmya (vAyupurANa, adhyAya 105-112) / vidvAnoM ne gayAmAhAtmya ke adhyAyoM kI prAcInatA para sandeha prakaTa kiyA hai| rAjendralAla mitra ne ise tIsarI yA cauthI zatAbdI meM praNIta mAnA hai| o' mailI ne gayAsura kI gAthA kA AviSkAra 14vIM yA 15vIM zatAbdI kA mAnA hai, kyoMki unake mata se gayAvAla vaiSNava haiM, jo madhvAcArya dvArA sthApita sampradAya ke samarthaka haiM aura hari narasiMhapura ke mahanta ko apanA guru mAnate haiM (je0 e0 esa0 bI0, 1903) / kintu yaha mata asaMgata hai| vAstava meM gayAvAla loga AlasI, bhogAsakta evaM ajJAnI haiM aura unakI jAti aba maraNonmukha hai / o' mailI ne likhA hai ki prArambha meM gayAvAloM ke 1. madhvAcArya ke janma-maraNa kI tithiyoM ke viSaya meM mataikya nahIM hai| janma evaM maraNa ke viSaya meM 'uttarAdimaTha' ne krama se zaka saMvat 1040 (san 1918 I0 ) evaM 1120 (1198 I0) ko tithiyA~ dI haiM / kintu ina tithiyoM dvArA madhva ke grantha mahAbhAratatAtparyanirNaya kI tithi se matabheda par3atA hai, kyoMki vahA~ janmatithi gatakali 4300 hai | annamalAI vizvavidyAlaya kI patrikA ( jilda 3, 1934 I0) ke prakAzita lekha meM ThIka tithi san 1238 - 131760 hai /

Page #359
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa 1352 DA0 baruA 1484 kula the, bucanana haimilTana ke kAla meM ve lagabhaga 1000 the, san 1893 meM unakI saMkhyA 128 raha gayI, 1901 kI janagaNanA meM zuddha gayAvAloM kI saMkhyA 168 aura striyoM kI 153 thii| gayA vaiSNava tIrtha hai, yadi gayAvAla madhya kAla ke kisI AcArya ko apanA guru mAneM to ve AcArya, svabhAvataH, vaiSNava AcArya madhva hoMge na ki zaMkara / vyAkhyA karake yaha pratiSThApita kiyA hai ki gayA-mAhAtmya 13vIM yA 14vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kA likhA huA nahIM ho sakatA / yahA~ hama sabhI tarkoM para prakAza nahIM DAla sakate / DA0 baruA kA niSkarSa do kAraNoM se asaMgata Thahara jAtA hai / ve sandehAtmaka evaM aprAmANika tarka para apanA mata AdhArita karate haiM / ve vanaparva meM pAye jAnevAle vRttAnta kI jA~ca karate haiM aura usakI tulanA gayAmAhAtmya ke apekSAkRta adhika pUrNa vRtAnta se karake nimna niSkarSa nikAlate haiM - 'mahAbhArata meM varNita gayA pramukhataH dharmarAja yama, brahmA evaM ziva zUlI kA tIrthasthala hai, aura viSNu evaM vaiSNavavAda nAma yA bhAvanA ke rUpa meM isase sambandhita nahIM ho skte| brahmayUpa, zivaliMga evaM vRSabha ke atirikta yahAM kisI anya mUrti yA mandira ke nirmANa kI ora saMketa nahIM miltaa|' isa niSkarSa ke lie hameM mahAbhArata evaM anya saMskR granthoM kA avagAhana karake gayAmAhAtmya se tulanA karanI hogii| dUsarI bAta jo DA0 baruA ke mata kI asaMgati prakaTa karatI hai, yaha hai ki unhoMne kIlahArna dvArA sampAdita abhilekha ke 12veM zloka kI vyAkhyA bhrAmaka rUpa meM kI hai (iNDiyana aiNTIkverI, jilda 16 meM vaha abhilekha varNita hai ) / aba hama 'gayA' nAma evaM usake yA anya samAna nAmoM ke lie anya saMketoM kI, jo Rgveda se Age ke granthoM meM Aye haiM, carcA kreNge| R0 (10 / 63 evaM 10/64) ke do sUktoM ke racayitA the plati ke putra gaya / R0 (10 / 63 / 17 evaM 10 / 64 / 17) meM AyA hai 'astAvi jano divyo gayena' (devI purohita gaya dvArA prazaMsita hue) / spaSTa hai, ye Rgveda ke eka RSi haiN| Rgveda meM 'gaya' zabda a ya arthoM meM bhI AyA hai jinakA yahA~ ullekha asaMgata hai / atharvaveda (1 / 14) 4) meM asita evaM kazyapa ke sAtha gaya nAmaka eka vyakti jAdUgara yA aindrajAlika ke rUpa meM varNita hai| vaidika saMhitAoM meM asuroM, dAsoM evaM rAkSasoM ko jAdU evaM indrajAla meM pAraMgata kahA gayA hai (R0 71994, 7 / 104 / 24-25 evaM atharvaveda 4 / 23 / 5 ) / aisI kalpanA kaThina nahIM hai ki 'gaya' Age calakara 'gayAsura' meM parivartita ho gayA ho / nirukta ( 12 / 19 ) ne 'idaM viSNurvi cakrame tredhA ni dadhe padam' (R0 1 / 22 / 17 ) kI vyAkhyA karate hue do vizleSaNa diye haiM, jinameM eka prAkRtika rUpa kI ora tathA dUsarA bhaugolika yA kiMvadantIpUrNa matoM kI ora saMketa karatA hai - 'vaha (viSNu) apane padoM ko tIna DhaMgoM se rakhatA hai|' zAkapUNi ke mata se viSNu apane pada ko pRthivI, antarikSa evaM svarga meM rakhate haiM, aurNavAbha ke mata se samArohaNa, viSNupada evaM gaya- zIrSa para rakhate haiN| vaidika ukti kA tAtparya cAhe jo ho, kintu yaha spaSTa hai ki IsA kI kaI zatAbdiyoM pUrva isake do vizleSaNa upasthita ho cuke the, aura yadi buddha ke nirmANa kI tithiyA~ ThIka mAna lI jAyeM to yaha kahanA yuktisaMgata hai ki aurNatAbha evaM yAska buddha ke pUrva hue the / dekhie saikreDa buka Ava di IsTa (jilda 13, pR0 22-23, jahA~ siMhalI gAthA ke anusAra buddha kI nirvANatithi I0 pU0 483 mAnI gayI hai aura pazcimI lekhakoM ke mata se I0 pU0 429-400 ) / gayazIrSa kA nAma vanaparva (87| 2. tredhA nidhatte padam / pRthivyAmantarikSe divIti zAkapUNiH / samAroha viSNupade gayazirasi - - iti aurNavAbha: / nirukta (12 / 19 ) / 3. adhikAMza saMskRta vidvAn nirukta ko kama-se-kama I0 pU0 pA~cavIM zatAbdI kA mAnate haiM / aurNavAbha nirukta ke pUrvakAlIna haiN| (viTaranitja kA hisTrI Ava saMskRta liTarecara, bhAga 1, pR0 69, aMgrejI saMskaraNa) / gayAzIrSa ke vAstavika sthala evaM vistAra ke viSaya meM vidvAn ekamata nahIM haiN| dekhie DA0 rAjendralAla mitra kRta 'buddha - gayA'

Page #360
gayA-saMbandhI prAcIna ullekhoM kA anveSaNa 1353 11 evaM 95 / 9 ), viSNudharmasUtra ( 8504, yahA~ 'gayAzIrSa' zabda AyA hai), viSNupurANa (22 / 20, jahA~ ise brahmA kI pUrva vedI kahA gayA hai), mahAvagga (1 / 21 / 1, jahA~ yaha AyA hai ki uravelA meM rahakara buddha sahasroM bhikSuoM ke sAtha gayAsIsa arthAt gayAzIrSa meM gaye) meM AyA hai| jaina evaM bauddha granthoM meM aisA AyA hai ki rAjA gaya kA rAjya gayA ke cAroM ora thA / uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM AyA hai ki vaha rAjagRha ke rAjA samudravijaya kA putra thA aura gyArahavA~ cakravartI huaa| azvaghoSa ke buddhacarita meM AyA hai ki RSi gaya ke Azrama meM buddha Aye, usa santa (bhaviSya ke buddha) ne nairaJjanA nadI ke punIta taTa para apanA nivAsa banAyA aura punaH ve gayA ke kAzyapa ke Azrama meM, jo urubilva kahalAtA thA, gye| isa grantha meM yaha bhI AyA hai ki vahA~ dharmATavI thI, jahA~ ve 700 jaTila rahate the, jinheM buddha ne nirvANa prApti meM sahAyatA dI thI / viSNudharmasUtra ( 85/40 ) meM zrAddha ke lie viSNupada pavitra sthala kahA gayA hai| aisA kahA jA sakatA hai ki aurNavAbha ne kisI kSetra meM kinhIM aise tIna sthaloM kI ora saMketa kiyA hai jahA~ kiMvadantI ke AdhAra para, viSNupada ke cihna dikhAI par3ate the| inameM do arthAt viSNupada evaM gayazIrSa vikhyAta haiM; ataH aisA kahanA tarkahIna nahIM ho sakatA ki 'samArohaNa' koI sthala hai jo ina donoM ke kahIM pAsa meM hI hai| samArohaNa kA artha hai 'Upara car3hanA', aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha zabda phalgu nadI se Upara uThane vAlI pahAr3I kI car3hAI kI ora saMketa karatA hai| aisA sambhava hai ki yaha gItanAdita (pakSiyoM ke svara se guMjita) udyanta pahAr3I hI hai| 'udyanna' kA artha hai 'sUryodaya kI pahAr3I'; yaha sampUrNa AryAvarta kA dyotaka hai, aisA kahanA Avazyaka nahIM hai; yaha usa sthAna kA dyotaka hai jahA~ viSNupada evaM gayazIrSa avasthita haiN| isase aisA kahA jA sakatA hai ki IsA ke 600 varSa pUrva arthAt buddha ke pUrva kama-se-kama ( gayA meM ) viSNupada evaM gaya- zIrSa ke viSaya meM koI paramparAM sthira ho cukI thii| yadi kisI grantha meM inameM se kisI eka kA nAma ullikhita nahIM hai to isase yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki vaha nahIM thA aura na usakA vaha nAma thA / aba hama vanaparva kI bAta para aayeN| DA0 varuA isake kucha zlokoM para nirbhara raha rahe haiM (84 / 82 - 103 evaM 95 / 9-29) / hama kucha bAtoM kI carcA karake ina zlokoM kI vyAkhyA upasthita kreNge| nAradIya0 (uttara, 46 / 16) kA kathana hai ki gayazIrSa krauMcapada se phalgutIrtha taka vistRta hai| vanaparva (adhyAya 82) ne bhISma ke tIrtha-sambandhI praznoM kA uttara pulastya dvArA dilAyA hai| sarvaprathama puSkara ( zloka 20-40) kA varNana AyA hai aura taba binA krama ke jambUmArga, tandulikAzrama, agastyasara, mahAkAla, koTitIrtha, bhadravaTa ( pR0 19), DA0 baruA (bhAga 1, pR0 246) evaM saikreDa buka Ava di IsTa (jilda 13, pR0 134, jahA~ kaniMghama ne 'gayAsIsa' ko bahmayoni mAnA hai ) 1 4. meharaulI ( dehalI se 9 mola uttara ) ke lauha-stambha ke lekha kA antima zloka yoM hai--' tenAyaM praNidhAya bhUmipatinA prAMzuviSNupade girI bhagavato viSNordhvajaH sthApitaH' (guptAbhilekha, saM0 32, pR0 141 ) | yaha stambhAbhilekha kisI candra nAmaka rAjA kA hai| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki 'viSNupada' nAmaka koI parvata thA / kintu yaha nahIM prakaTa hotA ki isake pAsa koI 'gayaziras' nAmaka sthala thaa| ataH 'viSNupada' evaM 'gayaziras' sAtha-sAtha gayA kI ora saMketa karate haiM / abhilekha meM koI tithi nahIM hai, kintu isake akSaroM se prakaTa hotA hai ki yaha samudragupta ke kAla ke AsapAsa kA hai| ataH viSNupada cauthI zatAbdI meM dehalI ke pAsa ke kisI pavaMta para rahA hogaa| usI samaya yA usake pUrva yaha viSNupada gayA meM nahIM rahA hogA, isake viruddha koI puSTa pramANa nahIM hai| isake atirikta, rAmAyaNa ( 2068 / 19 ) meM yaha varNana AyA hai ki vipAzA nadI ke dakSiNa meM eka viSNupada thA /

Page #361
1354 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (sthANutIrtha), narmadA, prabhAsa evaM anya tIrthoM kA vivecana huA hai| agale adhyAya 83 meM kurukSetra kA vistRta varNana hai| vanaparva (84182-103) ke mahattvapUrNa zlokoM kI vyAkhyA ke pUrva gayA ke viSaya meM kahe jAnevAle zlokoM meM jo kucha AyA hai usakA varNana anivArya hai| DA0 baruA tathA anya logoM ne adhyAya 84 tathA Age ke adhyAyoM ke zlokoM kI vyAkhyA sAvadhAnI se nahIM kI hai| vanaparva (841981) meM dhaumya dvArA 57 tIrthoM (yathA naimiSa, zAkambharI, gaMgAdvAra, kanakhala, gaMgA-yamunA-saMgama, kubjAmraka Adi) ke nAma ginAkara gayA ke tIrthoM ke viSaya meM vivecana upasthita kiyA gayA hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki prastutalekhaka ko anya tIrthoM ke viSaya meM adhika varNana karanA abhISTa nahIM thA, isI se usane kucha tIrthoM kA varNana Age do bAra kiyA hai| padmapurANa (Adi, 38 / 2-19) ne vanaparva ko jyoM-kA-tyoM utArA hai, lagatA hai, eka-dUsare ne donoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai| vanaparva meM naimiSa kA varNana do sthAnoM para (yathA 84159-64 evaM 876-7) huA hai aura gayA kA bhI (yathA 85 / 82-103 evaM 87 / 8-12) do bAra huA hai| gayA ke tIrthoM ke nAma jisa DhaMga se liye gaye haiM aura unakA varNana jisa DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai usase yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki vanaparva gayA aura usase sambandhita kiMvadantiyoM ke viSaya meM vizada varNana karanA cAhatA thaa| yaha niSkarSa isa bAta se aura zaktizAlI ho uThatA hai ki anuzAsanaparva meM tIna tIrthoM kA jo ullekha huA hai vaha vanaparva (84182-103) meM nahIM pAyA jAtA, yathA--brahmahatyA karane vAlA vyakti gayA meM azmaprastha (pretazilA), niravinda kI pahAr3I evaM kauMcapadI para vizuddha ho jAtA hai (anuzAsana0 25 / 42) / ye tInoM tIrtha vanaparva meM nahIM aate| vAyu0 (109 / 15) meM aravindaka ko zilAparvata kA zikhara kahA gayA hai, aura nAradIya0 ne krauMcapada (muNDa-prastha) kI carcA kI hai| spaSTa hai ki gayAmAhAtmya meM ullikhita ina tIna tIrthoM kA nAma anuzAsanaparva meM bhI AyA hai| yaha cintA kI bAta hai ki DA0 baruA ne gayA kI prAcInatA ke viSaya meM kevala vanaparva (adhyAya 84 evaM 95), agnipurANa (adhyAya 114-116) evaM vAyupurANa (adhyAya 105-111) kA hI sahArA liyA, unhoMne anya purANoM ko nahIM dekhA aura unhoMne yaha bhI nahIM dekhA ki aurNavAbha dvArA vyAkhyAta viSNu ke tIna pada saMbhavataH gayA ke tIrthoM kI ora saMketa karate haiN| padma0 (Adi, 38 / 2-21), garur3a (1, adhyAya 82-86), nAradIya0 (uttara, adhyAya 44-47) Adi meM gayA ke viSaya meM bahuta-kucha kahA gayA hai aura unake bahuta se zloka eka-se haiN| mahAbhArata (vana0 82681) kA 'sAvitryAstu padaM' padma0 (Adi, 38 / 13) meM 'sAvitra padaM' AyA hai jisakA artha viSNu (savitR) kA pada ho sakatA hai| to aisA kahanA ki vanaparva meM pratimA -saMketa nahIM milatA, DA0 baruA ke bhrAmaka vivecana kA dyotaka hai| gayA meM dharma kI pratimA bhI thI, kyoMki vanaparva meM AyA hai ki yAtrI dharma kA sparza karate the (dharma ttraabhisNspRshy)| isake atirikta bachar3e ke sAtha 'gopada' evaM 'sAvitra pada' kI ora bhI saMketa milatA hai| ina udAharaNoM se sUcita hotA hai ki vanaparva meM pratimA-pUjana kI ora saMketa vidyamAna haiN| phAhiyAna (399-413 I0) ne likhA hai ki usake samaya meM hindU dharma kA nagara gayA samApta prAya thaa| yaha sambhava hai ki cauthI zatAbdI ke pUrva bhUkampa ke kAraNa gayA nagara ke mandira Adi naSTa-bhraSTa ho cuke hoNge| prAcIna pAli granthoM evaM lalitavistara meM gayA ke mandiroM kA ullekha hai| gayA kaI avasthAoM se gujarA hai| IsA kI kaI zatAbdiyoM pUrva yaha eka samRddhizAlI nagara thaa| IsA ke uparAnta cauthI zatAbdI meM yaha naSTa prAya thaa| kintu sAtavIM zatAbdI meM hvenasAMga ne ise bharA-pUrA likhA hai jahA~ brAhmaNoM ke 10 kUla the| Age calakara jaba bauddha dharma kI avanati ho gayI to isake antargata bauddha avazeSoM kI bhI pA lgii| vAyapurANa meM varNana AyA hai ki gayA pretazilA se mahAbodhi vakSa taka vistata hai (lagabhaga 13 miil)| DaoN0 baruA ne DaoN0 kIlahAna dvArA sampAdita zilAlekha ke 12veM zloka kA artha ThIka se nahIM kiyA hai (iNDi

Page #362
gayA - saMbandhI prAcIna ullekhoM kI mImAMsA na aiNTIkverI, jilda 16, pR0 63 ) | zloka kA anuvAda yoM hai- 'usa buddhimAn ( rAjakumAra yakSapAla) ne maunAditya evaM anya devoM (isameM ullikhita) kI pratimAoM ke lie eka mandira banavAyA, usane uttara mAnasasara banavAyA aura akSaya (vaTa) ke pAsa eka satra ( bhojana-vyavasthA ke dAna) kI yojanA kI / ' nayapAla ke rAjyakAla kA yaha zilAlekha lagabhaga 1040 I0 meM utkIrNa huA / DA0 baruA kA kathana hai ki uttaramAnasa tAlAba usI samaya khodA gayA, aura vaha 1040 I0 se prAcIna nahIM ho sakatA, ataH yaha tathA anya tIrthaM pazcAtkAlIna haiM tathA gayAmAhAtmya, jisameM uttara mAnasa kI carcA hai, 11vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt likhita huA hai / kintu DA0 baruA kA yaha niSkarSa ati doSapUrNa hai| yadi tAlAba zilAlekha ke samaya pahalI bAra khodA gayA thA to ise khyAta (prasiddha ) kahanA asambhava hai / khode jAne kI kaI zatAbdiyoM ke uparAnta hI tAlAba prasiddha ho sakatA hai / uttaramAnasa tAlAba vAyu0 (77 / 108, aura yaha zloka kalpataru dvArA 1110 I0 meM uddhRta kiyA gayA hai), punaH vAyu0 (82/21 ) evaM agni0 ( 115 / 10) meM afa hai| isase spaSTa hai ki uttara mAnasa 8vIM yA 9vIM zatAbdI meM prakhyAta thA / kevala itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha tAlAba miTTI se bhara gayA thA ataH yaha punaH san 1040 ke lagabhaga khodA gayA yA lambA-caur3A banAyA gyaa| isakA koI anya tAtparya nahIM hai / aisA kahA jA sakatA hai ki gayAmAhAtmya (vAyu0, adhyAya 105-112 ) jo sambhavataH vAyupurANa ke bAda kA hai, 13vIM yA 14vIM zatAbdI kA nahIM hai arthAt kucha purAnA hai / kaI purANoM evaM granthoM se sAmagriyA~ isameM saMgRhIta kI gayI haiM, yathA vanaparva, anuzAsanaparva, padma0 (1 / 38), nAradIya0 ( uttara, adhyAya 44-47) Adi / isake bahutase zloka bAra-bAra duharAye gaye haiM / DA0 baruA ne isa bAta para dhyAna nahIM diyA hai ki vAyu0 (82 / 20- 24 ) meM gayA ke bahuta se upatIrthoM kA ullekha huA hai / yathA -- brahmakUpa, prabhAsa, pretaparvata, uttara mAnasa, udIcI, kanakhala, dakSiNa mAnasa, dharmAraNya, gadAdhara, mtNg| adhyAya 70 / 97-108 meM ye nAma Aye haiM - gRdhrakUTa, bharata kA Azrama, mataMgapada, muNDapRSTha evaM uttara mAnasa / gayAmAhAtmya ke bahuta se zloka smRticandrikA ( lagabhaga 1150 - 1225) dvArA zrAddha evaM Azauca ke viSaya meM uddhRta haiN| bahuta-sI bAtoM ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki gayAmAhAtmya 7vIM evaM 10vIM zatAbdI ke bIca kabhI praNIta huA hogA / aba hameM yaha dekhanA hai ki mahAbhArata ke anya bhAgoM evaM smRtiyoM meM gayA kA varNana kisa prakAra huA hai / vanaparva ke adhyAya 87 evaM 95 meM isakI ora saMketa hai / aisA AyA hai ki pUrva kI ora ( kAmyaka vana se, jahA~ para pANDava loga kucha samaya taka rahe the ) bar3hate hue yAtrI naimiSa vana evaM gomatI ke pAsa phuNceNge| taba kahA gayA hai ki gA nAmaka pavitra parvata hai, brahmakUpa nAmaka tAlAba hai / isake uparAnta vaha prasiddha zloka hai, jisakA artha hai ki 'vyakti ko bahuta se putroM kI abhilASA karanI cAhie aura yadi unameM eka bhI gayA jAtA hai yA azvamedha karatA hai yA nIla vRSa chor3atA hai to pitara loga tRpta ho jAte haiM (vanaparva 87 / 10-12 ) / isake uparAnta vanaparva (a0 87) ne pavitra 1355 5. maunAdityasahasraliMgakamalArdhAGgINanArAyaNa, -- dvisomezvaraphalgunAtha vijayAdityAhvayAnAM kRtI / sa prAsAdamacIkarad diviSadAM kedAradevasya ca khyAtasyottaramAnasasya khananaM satraM tathA cAkSaye // 6. eSTavyA bahavaH putrA yadyekopi gayAM vrajet / yajeta vAzvamedhena nIlaM vA vRSamutsRjet // mahAnadI ca tatraiva tathA gayaziro nRpa / yatrAsau kotyate viprairakSayyakaraNo vaTaH / yatra dattaM pitRbhyonamakSayyaM bhavati prbho| sA ca puNyajalA tatra phalgunAmA mahAnadI / vanaparva (87 / 10-12 ) ; rAjarSiNA puNyakRtA gayenAnupamadyute / nago gayaziro yatra puNyA caiva mahAnadI // ... RSiyajJena mahatA yatrAkSayavaTo mahAn / akSaye devayajane akSayaM yatra vai phalam / vanaparva ( 95 / 9-14) / 98

Page #363
1356 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa nadI phalgu (mahAnadI), gayaziras, akSayavaTa kA ullekha kiyA hai, jahA~ pitaroM ko diyA gayA bhojana akSaya ho jAtA hai / vanaparva (adhyAya 95) meM brahmasara (jahA~ agastya dharmarAja arthAt yama ke pAsa gaye the, zloka 12 ), aura akSayavaTa (zloka 14) kA ullekha hai| isameM AyA hai ki amUrtaraya ke putra rAjA gaya ne eka yajJa kiyA thA, jisameM bhojana evaM dakSiNA paryApta rUpa meM dI gayA thI / vasiSThadharmasUtra ( 111 / 42 ) meM AyA hai ki jaba vyakti gayA jAtA hai aura pitaroM ko bhojana detA hai to ve usI prakAra prasanna hote haiM jisa prakAra acchI varSA hone se kRSakagaNa prasanna hote haiM, aura aise putra se pitRgaNa, sacamuca, putravAn ho jAte haiM / viSNudharmasUtra ( 85065-67 ) ne zrAddha yogya jina 55 tIrtho ke nAma diye haiM, unameM gayA-sambandhI tIrtha haiM--gayAzIrSa, akSayavaTa, phalgu, uttara mAnasa, mataMga-vApI, viSNupada / yAjJa0 (11261 ) meM AyA hai ki gayA meM vyakti jo kucha dAna karatA hai usase akSaya phala milatA hai| atri smRti ( 55-58) meM pitaroM ke lie gayA jAnA, phalgu-snAna karanA pitRtarpaNa karanA, gayA meM gadAdhara (viSNu) evaM gayAzIrSa kA darzana karanA varNita hai| zaMkha ( 14 / 27-28 ) ne bhI gayAtIrtha meM kiye gaye zrAddha se utpanna akSaya phala kA ullekha kiyA hai / likhitasmRti ( 12-13 ) ne gayA kI mahattA ke viSaya meM yaha likhA hai-- cAhe jisake nAma se, cAhe apane lie yA kisI ke lie gayA - zIrSa meM piNDadAna kiyA jAya taba vyakti naraka meM rahatA ho to svarga jAtA hai aura svarga vAlA mokSa pAtA hai| aura dekhie agnipurANa ( 11546-47 ) / kUrma 0 meM AyA hai ki kaI putroM kI abhilASA karanI cAhie jisase ki yadi unameM koI kisI kAryavaza gayA jAya aura zrAddha kare to vaha apane pitaroM kI rakSA karatA hai aura svayaM paramapada pAtA hai| kalpataru (tIrtha, pR0 163 ) dvArA uddhRta matsya 0 ( 22/4 - 6 ) meM AyA ki gayA pitRtIrtha hai, sarvotkRSTa tIrtha hai aura vahA~ brahmA rahate haiM / matsya0 meM 'eSTavyA bahavaH putra nAmaka zloka AyA hai| ' yAmAhAtmya (vAyupurANa, adhyAya 105-112) meM lagabhaga 560 zloka haiN| yahA~ hama saMkSepa meM usakA niSkarSa deMge aura kucha mahattvapUrNa zlokoM ko uddhRta bhI kreNge| adhyAya 105 meM sAmAnya bAteM haiM aura usameM Age ke adhyAyoM ke mukhya viSayoM kI ora saMketa hai| isameM AyA hai ki zvetavArAhakalpa meM gaya ne yajJa kiyA aura usI ke nAma para gayA kA nAmakaraNa huaa| pitara loga putroM kI abhilASA rakhate haiM, kyoMki vaha putra jo gayA jAtA hai vaha pitaroM ko naraka jAne se bacAtA hai| gayA meM vyakti ko apane pitA tathA anyoM ko piNDa denA cAhie, vaha apane ko bhI binA aura dekhie eSTavyA. nAmaka zloka ke lie viSNutra maMsUtra ( 850 antima zloka ), matsya0 (22/6), vAyu0 ( 105/10 ), kUrma0 (2 / 35012), padma0 ( 1138 / 17 evaM 5 / 11 / 62) tathA nAradIya0 ( uttara 44 / 5-6 ) / 7. yaha jJAtavya hai ki rAmAyaNa ( 1|32|7 ) ke anusAra dharmAraNya ko saMsthApanA brahmA ke pautra, kuza ke putra asUrtara (yA amUrta raya) dvArA huI thI / 8. yaha kucha Azcaryajanaka hai ki DaoN0 baruA ( gayA evaM buddhagayA, jilda 1, pR0 66) ne zaMkha ke zloka 'tIrthe vAmarakaNTake' meM 'vAmarakaNTaka' tIrtha par3hA hai na ki 'vA' ko pRthak kara 'amarakaNTaka' ! 9. vAyu0 ( 105 / 7-8 ) evaM agni0 ( 114141 ) - - ' gayopi cAkarodyAgaM bahvanaM bahudakSiNam / gayApurI tena nAmnA0, tristhalosetu ( pR0 340-341) meM yaha padya uddhRta hai| 10. yahIM para "eSTavyA bahavaH putrA yadyekopi gayAM vrajet / utsRjet " ( vAyu0 105 / 10) nAmaka zloka AyA hai / tristhalI0 ( pR0 319 ) ne eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai jisameM yogya putra kI paribhASA dI huI hai--' jIvato vAkyakaraNAt... * tribhiH putrasya putratA // '

Page #364
vAyupurANa kA gayA-mAhAtmya 1357 tila kA piNDa de sakatA hai| gayA meM zrAddha karane se sabhI mahApAtaka naSTa ho jAte haiN| gayA meM putra yA kisI anya dvArA nAma evaM gotra ke sAtha piNDa pAne se zAzvata brahma kI prApti hotI hai| mokSa cAra prakAra kA hotA hai (arthAt mokSa kI utpatti cAra prakAra se hotI hai)--brahmAjJAna se, gayAzrAddha se, gauoM ko bhagAye jAne para unheM bacAne meM maraNa se tathA kurukSetra meM nivAsa karane se, kintu gayAzrAddha kA prakAra sabase zreSTha hai| gayA meM zrAddha kisI samaya bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| adhika mAsa meM bhI, apanI janma-tithi para bhI, jaba bRhaspati evaM zukra na dikhAI par3eM taba bhI yA jaba bRhaspati siMha rAzi meM hoM taba bhI brahmA dvArA pratiSThApita brAhmaNoM ko gayA meM sammAna denA caahie| kurukSetra, vizAlA, virajA evaM gayA ko chor3akara sabhI tIrthoM meM muNDana evaM upavAsa karanA caahie| saMnyAsI ko gayA meM piNDadAna nahIM karanA caahie| use kevala apane daNDa kA pradarzana karanA cAhie aura use viSNupada para rakhanA caahie| sampUrNa gayA kSetra pA~ca kosoM meM hai| gayAzira eka kosa meM hai aura tInoM lokoM ke sabhI tIrtha ina donoM meM kendrita haiN|" gayA meM pitR-piNDa nimna vastuoM se diyA jA sakatA hai; pAyasa (dUdha meM pakAyA huA cAvala), pakA cAvala, jau kA ATA, phala, kandamUla, tila kI khalI, miThAI, ghRta yA dahI yA madhu se mizrita gudd'| gayAzrAddha meM jo vidhi hai vaha hai piNDAsana banAnA, piNDadAna karanA, kuza para punaH jala chir3akanA, (brAhmaNoM ko) dakSigA denA evaM bhojana dene kI ghoSaNA yA saMkalpa karanA; kintu pitaroM kA AvAhana nahIM hotA, digbandha (dizAoM se kRtya kI rakSA) nahIM hotA aura na (ayogya vyaktiyoM evaM pazuoM se) dekhe jAne para doSa hI lagatA hai / 16 jo loga (gayA jaise) tIrtha para kiye gaye zrAddha se utpanna pUrNa phala bhoganA cAhate haiM unheM viSayAbhilASA, krodha, lobha chor3a denA cAhie,brahmacarya kA pAlana karanA cAhie, kevala eka bAra khAnA cAhie, pRthivI para sonA cAhie,satya bolanA cAhie, zuddha rahanA cAhie aura sabhI jIvoM ke kalyANa ke lie tatpara rahanA cAhie / prasiddha nadI vaitaraNI gayA meM AyI hai, jo vyakti isameM snAna karatA hai aura godAna karatA hai vaha apane 11. AtmajovAnyajo vApi gayAbhUmau yadA ydaa| yannAmnA pAtayetpiNDaM tannayed brahma zAzvatam // nAmagotre samuccArya pinnddpaatnmissyte| (vAya 0 105 / 14-15); AdhA pAda 'yannAmnA... zAzvatam' agni0 (116 / 29) meM bhI AyA hai| 12. brahmajJAnaM gayAzrAddhaM gograhe maraNaM tthaa| vAsaH puMsAM kurukSetre muktireSA caturvidhA // brahmajJAnena ki kArya ... yadi putro gayAM bajeta // gayAyAM sarvakAleSu piNDaM dadyAdvicakSaNaH / vAyu0 (105 / 16-18) / milAie agni0 (115 // 8) 'na kAlAdi gayAtIrthe vadyApiNDAMzca nityshH|' aura dekhie nAradIya0 (uttara, 44 / 20), agni0 (115 // 3-4 evaM 5-6) evaM vAmanapurANa (3338) / 13. muNDanaM copavAsazca ... birajAM gayAm // vAyu0 (105 / 25) / 14. vaNDa pradarzaye bhikSurgayAM gatvA na piNDadaH / daNDaM nyasya viSNupade pitRbhiH saha mucyte|| vAyu0 (105 / 26), nAradIya0 (2045 / 31) evaM tIryaprakAza (40390) / 15. paMcakrozaM gayAkSetra kozamekaM gyaashirH| tanmadhye sarvatIrthAni trailokye yAni santi vai ||vaayu0(105|29. 30 evaM 106 / 653; tristhalI0, pR0 335; tIrthapra0, pR0 391) / aura dekhie agni0 (115 / 42) evaM nAradIya0 (uttara, 44 / 16) / prasiya tIrthoM ke lie pAMca kosoM kA vistAra mAnanA eka niyama-sA ho gayA hai| 16. piNDAsanaM piNDadAnaM punaH pratyavanejanam / dakSiNA cAnnasaMkalpastIryazrAddheSvayaM vidhiH|| nAvAhanaM na digbandho na doSo dRssttismbhvH|... anyatrAvAhitAH kAle pitaro yAntyamuMprati / tIrthe sadA vasantyete tasmAdAvahanaM na hi // vAyu (105 / 37-39) / 'nAvAhanaM ... vidhiH' phira se duharAyA gayA hai (vAyu0 110 / 28-29) /

Page #365
1358 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa kula kI 21 pIr3hiyoM kI rakSA karatA hai| akSayavaTa ke nIce jAnA cAhie aura vahA~ (gayA ke) brAhmaNoM ko saMtuSTa karanA caahie| gayA meM koI bhI aisA sthala nahIM hai jo pavitra na ho| 106veM adhyAya meM gayAsura kI gAthA AyI hai| gayAsura ne, jo 125 yojana lambA evaM 60 yojana caur3A thA, kolAhala nAmaka parvata para sahasroM varSoM taka tapa kiyaa| usake tapa se pIr3ita evaM cintita devagaNa rakSA ke lie brahmA ke pAsa gye| brahmA unheM lekara ziva ke pAsa gaye jinhoMne viSNu ke pAsa jAne kA prastAva kiyaa| brahmA, ziva evaM devoM ne viSNu kI stuti kI aura unhoMne prakaTa hokara kahA ki ve loga apane-apane vAhanoM para car3hakara gayAsura ke pAsa cleN| viSNu ne usase kaThina tapa kA kAraNa pUchA aura kahA ki vaha jo varadAna cAhe mAMga le| usane vara mA~gA ki vaha devoM, RSiyoM, mantroM, saMnyAsiyoM Adi se adhika pavitra ho jaay| devoM ne 'tathAstu' arthAt 'aisA hI ho''kahA aura svarga cale gye| jo bhI loga gayAsura ko dekhate the yA usake pavitra zarIra kA sparza karate the, ve svarga cale jAte the| yama kI rAjadhAnI khAlI par3a gayI aura ve brahmA ke pAsa cale gye| brahmA unheM lekara viSNu ke pAsa gaye / viSNu ne brahmA se usase prArthanA karane ko kahA ki vaha yajJa ke lie apane zarIra ko de de| gayAsura sannaddha ho gayA aura vaha dakSiNa-pazcima hokara pRthivI para isa prakAra gira par3A ki usakA sira kolAhala parvata para uttara kI ora aura paira dakSiNa kI ora ho gye| brahmA ne sAmagriyA~ ekatra kI aura apane mana se utpanna RtvijoM (jinameM 40 ke nAma Aye haiM) ko bhI bulAyA aura gayAsura ke zarIra para yajJa kiyaa| usakA zarIra sthira nahIM thA, hila rahA thA, ataH brahmA ne yama se gayAsura ke sira para apane ghara kI zilA ko rakhane ko khaa| yama ne vaisA hI kiyaa| kintu taba bhI gayAsura kA zarIra zilA ke sAtha hilatA rhaa| brahmA ne ziva evaM anya devoM ko zilA para sthira khar3e hone ko khaa| unhoMne vaisA kiyA, kintu taba bhI zarIra hilatA-DolatA rhaa| taba brahmA viSNu ke pAsa gaye aura unase zarIra evaM zilA ko aDiga karane ko khaa| isa para viSNu ne svayaM apanI mUrti dI jo zilA para rakhI gayI, kintu taba bhI vaha hilatI rhii| viSNu usa zilA para janArdana, puNDarIka evaM Adi-gadAdhara ke tIna rUpoM meM baiTha gaye, brahmA pA~ca rUpoM (prapitAmaha, pitAmaha, phalavIza, kedAra evaM kanakezvara) meM baiTha gaye, vinAyaka hAthI ke rUpa meM aura sUrya tIna rUpoM meM, lakSmI (sItA ke rUpa meM), gaurI (maMgalA ke rUpa meM), gAyatrI evaM sarasvatI bhI baiTha gyiiN| hari ne prathama gadA dvArA gayAsura ko sthira kara diyA, ataH hari ko Adi gadAdhara kahA gyaa| gayAsura ne pUchA--'maiM pravaMcita kyoM kiyA gayA hU~? maiM brahmA ke yajJa ke lie unheM apanA zarIra de cukA huuN| kyA maiM viSNu ke zabda para hI sthira nahIM ho sakatA thA (gadA se mujhe kyoM pIr3A dI jA rahI hai)?' taba devoM ne usase varadAna mA~gane ko khaa| usane vara mAMgA; 'jaba taka pRthivI, parvata, sUrya, candra evaM tAre raheM, taba taka brahmA, viSNu evaM ziva evaM anya deva zilA para rheN| yaha tIrtha mere nAma para rahe, sabhI tIrtha gayA ke madhya meM kendrita hoM, jo pAMca kosoM taka vistRta hai aura sabhI tIrtha gayAzira meM bhI raheM jo eka kosa vistRta hai aura sabhI logoM kA kalyANa kreN| sabhI deva yahA~ vyakta rUpoM (mUrtiyoM) meM evaM avyakta rUpoM (padacihna Adi) meM rheN| ve sabhI, jinheM piNDa ke sAtha zrAddha diyA jAya, brahmaloka ko jAya~ aura sabhI mahApAtaka (brahmahatyA Adi)acAnaka naSTa ho jaayeN|' devoM ne 'tathAstu' khaa| isake uparAnta brahmA ne RtvijoM ko pA~ca kosoM vAlA gayA-nagara, 55 gA~va, susajjita ghara, kalpavRkSa evaM kAmadhenu, dugdha kI eka nadI, sone ke kUpa, paryApta bhojana Adi sAmAna diye, kintu aisI vyavasthA kara dI ki ve kisI se kucha mA~geM nhiiN| kintu lobhI brAhmaNoM ne dharmAraNya meM dharma ke lie yajJa kiyA aura usakI dakSiNA mA~gI / brahmA ne vahA~ Akara unheM zApa diyA aura unase saba kucha chIna liyaa| jaba brAhmaNoM ne vilApa kiyA ki unase saba kucha chIna liyA gayA aura aba 17. gayAyAM na hi tatsthAnaM yatra tIrtha na vidyte| vAyu0 (105 / 46, agni0 116 / 28) /

Page #366
gayA-mAhAtmya-gayAsura ko deha para devatAoM ke sthAna 1359 unheM jIvikA ke lie kucha cAhie,taba brahmA ne kahA ki ve gayA-yAtriyoM ke dAna para jIe~ge aura jo loga unheM sammAnita kareMge ve mAno unheM (brahmA ko) hI sammAnita kreNge| 107veM adhyAya meM usa zilA kI gAthA hai jo gayAsura ke sira para use sthira karane ke lie rakhI gayI thii| dharma kI dharmavratA nAmaka kanyA thii| usake guNoM ke anurUpa dharma ko koI vara nahIM mila rahA thA, ataH unhoMne use tapa karane ko khaa| dharmavratA ne sahasroM varSoM taka kevala vAyu pIkara kaThina tapa kiyaa| marIci ne, jo brahmA ke mAnasa putra the, use dekhA aura apanI patnI banAne kI icchA prakaTa kii| dharmavatA ne isake lie unheM pitA dharma se prArthanA karane ko khaa| marIci ne vaisA hI kiyA aura dharma ne apanI kanyA marIci ko de dii| marIci use lekara apane Azrama meM gaye aura usase eka sau putra utpanna kiye| eka bAra marIci zramita hokara so gaye aura dharmavratA se paira dabAne ko khaa| jaba vaha paira dabA rahI thI to usake zvazura brahmA vahA~ aaye| vaha apane pati kA paira dabAnA chor3akara unake pitA kI Avabhagata meM uTha pdd'ii| isI bIca meM marIci uTha par3e aura apanI patnI ko vahA~ na dekhakara use zilA bana jAne kA zApa de diyaa| kyoMki paira dabAnA chor3akara usane unakI AjJA kA ullaMghana jo kara diyA thaa| vaha nirdoSa thI ataH krodhita hokara zApa denA cAhA, kintu rukakara usane kahA--'mahAdeva tumheM zApa deNge|' usane gArhapatya agni meM khar3e hokara tapa kiyA aura marIci ne bhI vaisA hI kiyaa| indra ke sAtha sadA kI bhA~ti devagaNa vicalita ho gaye aura ve viSNu ke pAsa gye| viSNu ne dharmavratA se vara mA~gane ko khaa| usane pati ke zApa ko miTAne kA vara maaNgaa| devoM ne kahA ki marIci aise mahAna RSi kA zApa nahIM TUTa sakatA ata: vaha koI dUsarA vara mA~ge / isa para usane kahA ki vaha sabhI nadiyoM, RSiyoM, devoM se adhika pavitra ho jAya, sabhI tIrtha usa zilA para sthira ho jAyeM, sabhI vyakti jo usa zilA ke tIrthoM meM snAna kareM yA piNDadAna evaM zrAddha kareM, brahmaloka cale jAe~ aura gaMgA ke samAna sabhI pavitra nadiyA~ usameM avasthita hoN| devoM ne usakI bAta mAna lI aura kahA ki vaha gayAsura ke sira para sthira hogI aura hama sabhI usa para khar3e hoNge| 108veM adhyAya meM pAThAntara-sambandhI kaI vibhinnatAe~ haiN| AnandAzrama' ke saMskaraNa meM isakA viSaya saMkSepa meM yoM haiN| zilA gayAsura ke sira para rakhI gayI aura isa prakAra do ati punIta vastuoM kA saMyoga huA, jisa para brahmA ne azvamedha kiyA aura jaba deva loga yajJiya AhatiyoM kA apanA bhAga lene ke lie Aye to zilA ne viSNu evaM anya logoM se kahA-praNa kIjie ki Apa loga zilA para avasthita raheMge aura pitaroM ko mukti deNge| deva mAna gaye aura AkRtiyoM evaM padacihnoM ke rUpa meM zilA para avasthita ho gye| zilA asura ke sira ke pRSTha bhAga meM rakhI gayI thI ataH usa parvata ko muNDapRSTha kahA gayA, jisane pitaroM ko brahmaloka diyaa| isake uparAnta adhyAya meM prabhAsa nAmaka parvata kA, prabhAsa parvata evaM phalga ke milana-sthala ke samIpa rAmatIrya, bharata ke Azrama kA, yamarAja evaM dharmarAja tathA zyAma evaM zabala nAmaka yama ke kuttoM ko dI jAne vAlI bali kA, zilA kI vAma dizA ke pAsa avasthita udyanta parvata kA, agastya kuNDa kA tathA gRdhrakUTa parvata, cyavana ke Azrama, punapunA nadI, krauJcapada evaM bhasmakUTa para sthita janArdana kA varNana AyA hai| gayAsura kI gAthA se DA0 mitra evaM pazcAtkAlIna lekhakoM ke mana meM duvidhAe~ utpanna ho gayI haiN| DA. rAjendralAla mitra ne gayAsura kI gAthA ko citra-vicitra evaM mUrkhatApUrNa mAnA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki vaha rAkSasa yA duSTa 18. agni0 (114 / 8-22) meM bhI zilA kI gAthA saMkSepa meM kahI gayI hai| bahuta-se zabda ve hI haiM jo vAyupurANa meM pAye jAte haiN|

Page #367
1360 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa pizAca nahIM hai, pratyuta eka bhakta vaiSNava hai (bodhagayA, pR0 15-16) / gayAsura kI gAthA vilakSaNa nahIM hai| purANoM meM aisI gAthAe~ haiM jo Adhunika logoM ko vyartha evaM kalpita lgeNgii| prahlAda, bANa (ziva kA bhakta) evaM bali (jo zreSTha rAjA evaM viSNu-bhakta thA) aise asura the, jo rAkSasa yA pizAca ke vyavahAra se dUra bhakta vyakti the, kintu unhoMne devoM se yuddha avazya kiyA thaa| udAharaNArtha kUrma0 (1 / 16 / 59-60 evaM 91-92) meM varNana AyA hai ki prahlAda ne nRsiMha se yuddha kiyA thA; pama0 (bhUmikhaNDa, 118) meM AyA hai ki usane sarvaprathama viSNu se yuddha kiyA aura vaiSNavI tanu meM praveza kiyA (isa purANa ne use mahAbhAgavata kahA hai); vAmana0 (adhyAya 7-8) ne usake nara-nArAyaNa ke sAtha hue yuddha kA ullekha kiyA hai| pAli granthoM (aMguttaranikAya, bhAga 4,pR0 197-204) meM vaha pahArAda evaM asurinda (asurendra) kahA gayA hai| bali ke viSaya meM, jo prahlAda kA pautra thA, acchA rAjA evaM viSNubhakta thA, dekhie brahmapurANa (adhyAya 73) kUrma0 (1117), vAmana0 (adhyAya 77 evaM 92) / bali ke putra bANa dvArA ziva kI sahAyatA se kRSNa ke sAtha yuddha kiye jAne ke lie dekhie brahma0 (adhyAya 205-206) evaM viSNapurANa (5 / 33137-38) / DArAjendralAla mitra (bodhagayA, pR0 14-18) kA kathana hai ki gayAsura kI gAthA bauddhadharma ke Upara brAhmaNavAda kI vijaya kA rUpaka hai| oM' mailI (je0 e0 esa0 bI0, 1904 I0, bhAga 3, pR07) ke mata se gayAsura kI gAthA brAhmaNavAda ke pUrva ke usa samajhaute ko sUcaka hai jo brAhmaNavAda evaM bhUtapizAca-pUjAvAda ke bIca huA thaa| DA. baruA ne ina donoM matoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai| unakA kathana hai (bhAga 1, pR0 40-41) ki isa gAthA kA antahita bhAva yaha hai ki loga phalgu ke pazcimI taTa ke parvatoM ko pavitra smjheN| unhoMne mata prakAzita kiyA hai ki bauddhadharma meM gayA kI carcA nahIM hotI, gaya yA namuci yA vRtra andhakAra kA rAkSasa evaM indra kA zatru kahA gayA hai aura trivikrama nAmaka vaidika zabda ko aurNavAbha kRta vyAkhyA meM gayAsura kI gAthA kA mUla pAyA jAtA hai| sthAnAbhAva se hama ina siddhAMtoM kI carcA nahIM kreNge| aisA kahA jA sakatA hai ki IsA kI kaI zatAbdiyoM pUrva gayA eka prasiddha pitR-tIrtha ho cukA thA aura gayAsura kI gAthA kevala gayA evaM usake Asa-pAsa ke kAlAntara meM utpanna pavitra sthaloM kI punItatA ko prakaTa karane kA uttarakAlIna prayAsa mAtra hai| 109veM adhyAya meM isakA varNana haA hai ki kisa prakAra Adi-gadAdhara vyakta evaM avyakta rUpa meM prakaTa hue| unakI gadA kaise utpanna huI aura kisa prakAra gadAlola tIrtha sabhI pApoM ko nAza karane vAlA huaa| gada nAmaka eka zaktizAlI asura thA, jisane brahmA kI prArthanA para apanI asthiyA~ unheM de dii| brahmA ko icchA se vizvakarmA ne una asthiyoM se eka alaukika gadA banA dii| svAyaMbhuva manu ke samaya meM brahmA ke putra heti nAmaka asura ne sahasroM daivI varSoM taka kaThina tapa kiyaa| use brahmA evaM anya devoM dvArA aisA vara prApta huA ki vaha devoM, daityoM manuSyoM yA kRSNa ke cakra Adi zastroM dvArA mArA nahIM jA sktaa| heti ne devoM ko jIta liyA aura indra ho gyaa| heti daitya kI gAthA agni0 (114 / 26-27) evaM nAradIya0 (uttara, 4719-11) meM bhI AyI hai| hari ko Adi gadAdhara isalie kahA jAtA hai ki unhoMne usa gadA ko sarvaprathama dhAraNa kiyA, gadA ke sahAre gayAsura ke sira para rakhI huI zilA para khar3e hue aura gayAsura ke sira ko sthira kara diyaa| ve apane ko muNDapRSTa, prabhAsa evaM anya parvatoM ke rUpa meM prakaTa karate 19. yaha nahIM spaSTa ho pAtA ki DA0 baruA ko yaha sUcanA kahA~ se milI ki gaya veda meM vRtra-jaise rAkSasa ke samAna hai| Rgveda meM kama-se-kama vRtra ke samAna gaya koI rAkSasa nahIM hai| 20. vAyupurANa (105 / 60) meM Adi-gadAdhara ke nAma ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai--'AcayA gadayA bhIto yasmAd daityaH sthirIkRtaH / sthita ityeSa hariNA tsmaadaadigdaadhrH||' dekhie tristhalosetu (1.0 338) / aisI hI vyutpatti vAyu0 (109 / 13) meM punaH AyI hai|

Page #368
gayAsura kI deha para devatAoM kA nivAsa 1361 haiN| ye parvata evaM akSayavaTa, phalga evaM anya nadiyA~ Adi-gadAdhara ke avyakta rUpa haiN| viSNupada, rudrapada, brahmapada evaM anya pada gadAdhara ke avyakta evaM vyakta rUpa haiN|" gadAdhara kI mUrti vizuddha vyakta rUpa hai| asura heti viSNu dvArA mArA gayA aura viSNuloka calA gyaa| jaba gayAsura kA zarIra sthira ho gayA to brahmA ne viSNu kI stuti kI aura viSNu ne unase vara mAMgane ko khaa| brahmA ne kahA---'hama (devagaNa) loga Apake binA zilA meM nahIM raheMge, yadi Apa vyakta rUpa meM raheM to hama usameM Apa ke sAtha rheNge|' viSNa ne 'tathAstu' kahA aura ve gayAzira meM Adi-gadAdhara ke rUpa meM aura janArdana evaM puNDarIkAkSa ke rUpa meM khar3e ho gye| ziva ne bhI viSNu kI stuti kI (vAyu0 109 / 43-50) / vAyu0 (109 / 20 evaM 43-45) ne kaI sthAnoM para devatA ke vyaktAvyakta pratIkoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha 21. hama yahA~ para pramukha nadiyoM, parvatoM evaM padoM kA ullekha karate haiN| jaba taka viziSTa nirdeza na kiyA jAya taba taka yahAM para koSTha meM diye gaye adhyAyoM evaM zlokoM ko vAyupurANa kA samajhanA caahie| punIta nadiyA~ ye haiM-phalgu (jise mahAnadI bhI kahA gayA hai, agni0 115 / 25), ghRtakulyA, madhukulyA (ye donoM vAya0 109 / 17 meM haiM), madhusravA (106 / 75), agnipArA (udyanta parvata se, 108159), kapilA (108158), vaitaraNI (105 / 44 evaM 109 / 17), devikA (112130), AkAzagaMgA (agni011615)| inameM kucha kevala nAle yA dhArAe~ mAtra haiN| punIta parvata evaM zikhara ye haiM-yAzira (109 / 36, agni0 115 / 26 evaM 44), muNDapRSTha (108112, 109 / 14), prabhAsa (108 / 13 evaM 16, 109 / 14), udyanta (vanaparva 84193, vAyu0 108159, 109 / 15), bhasmakUTa (109 / 15), aravindaka (109 / 15), nAgakUTa (111 / 22, agni0 115 / 25), gRdhrakUTa (109 / 15), pretakUTa (109 / 15), AvipAla (109 / 15), kauJcapAda (109|16),raamshilaa, pretazilA (110 / 15,108 / 67), naga (108 / 28) brAhmayoni (nAradIya0 2 / 47154) pramukha snAna-sthala ye haiN--phlgutiirth,(111|13, agni0 115|25-26evN 44), rAmatIrtha (108 / 16 / 18), zilAtIrya (10802), gadAlola (111175-76, agni0 115 / 69), vaitaraNI (105 / 44), brahmasara (vanaparva, 84185, vAyu0 111130), brahmakuNDa (11038), uttara mAnasa (11112 evaM 22), dakSiNa mAnasa (1116 evaM 8), rukmiNIkuNDa, pretakuNDa, niHkSArA (ni.kSIrA) puSkariNI (108384), mataMgavApI (111 // 24) / punIta sthala ye haiM--paJcaloka, saptaloka, vaikuNTha, lohadaNDaka (sabhI cAra 109 / 16), gopracAra (111 // 35-37, jahA~ brahmA dvArA sthApita AmoM ke vRkSa haiM), dharmAraNya (111 / 23), brahmayUpa (agni0 115 / 39 evaM vanaparva 84186) / punIta vRkSa ye haiM-akSayavaTa (vanaparva 84183, 95 / 14, vAyu0 105 / 45, 111179-813, agni0 115 / 70-73), gopracAra ke pAsa Amra (111 / 35-37), gRdhrakUTavaTa (108 / 63), mahAbodhitaru (111126-27, agni0 115 / 37) / Amra vRkSa ke viSaya meM yaha zloka vikhyAta hai--'eko muniH kumbhakuzAgrahasta Amrasya mUle salilaM ddaanH| Amrazca siktaH pitarazca tRptA ekA kriyA dvadharyakarI prsiddhaa||' (vAyu0111137, agni0 115 / 40, nAradIya0, uttara, 467, papa0 saSTikhaNDa, 1177) / bahuta-se anya tIrtha bhI haiM, yathA--phalAvIza, phalgucaNDI, aMgArakezvara (sabhI agni. 116 / 29) jo yahA~ vaNita nahIM haiN| pada (aisI zilAe~ jina para padacihna haiM) ye haiN--vaayu0(111|| 46-58) ne 16 ke nAma liye haiM aura anyoM kI ora sAmAnyataH saMketa kiyA hai| agni0 (115 / 48-53) ne kama-sekama 13 ke nAma liye haiN| vAyu dvArA ullikhita nAma ye haiM--viSNu, rudra, brahma, kazyapa, dakSiNAgni, gArhapatya, AhavanIya, sabhya, AvasaSya, zaka, agastya, krauJca, mAtaMga, sUrya, kArtikeya evaM gaNeza / inameM cAra ati mahAn haiM-kAzyapa, viSNu, rudra evaM brahmA (vAyu0 111156) / nAradIya0 (uttara, 46 / 27) kA kathana hai ki viSNupada evaM rudrapada uttama haiM, kintu brahmapada sarvottama hai|

Page #369
1362 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa hai ki viSNu phalgu meM avyakta rUpa meM, viSNupada meM vyaktAvyakta rUpa meM evaM mUrtiyoM meM vyakta rUpa meM sthita hai (dekhie tristhalIsetu, pR0 365, pratimAsvarUpI vyktH)| 110veM adhyAya meM gayAyAtrA kA varNana hai| gayA ke pUrva meM mahAnadI (phalgu) hai| yadi vaha sUkhI ho, to gaDDhA khodakara (kANDa banAkara) snAna karanA cAhie aura apanI veda-zAkhA ke anusAra tarpaNa evaM zrAddha karanA cAhie, kintu arghya (sammAna ke lie jala denA) evaM AvAhana nahIM karanA caahie| aparAhna meM yAtrI ko pretazilA ko jAnA cAhie aura brahmakuNDa meM snAna karanA cAhie, devoM kA tarpaNa karanA cAhie, vAyu0 (110 / 10-12) ke mantroM ke sAtha pretazilA para apane sapiNDoM kA zrAddha karanA cAhie tathA apane pitaroM ko piNDa dene caahie| aSTakAoM evaM vRddhizrAddha meM, gayA meM evaM mRtyu ke vArSika zrAddha meM apanI mAtA ke lie pRthak zrAddha karanA cAhie kintu anya avasaroM para apane pitA ke sAtha zrAddha karanA caahie| apane pitaroM ke atirikta anya sapiNDoM ko usa sthAna se jahA~ apane pitA Adi kA zrAddha kiyA jAtA hai, dakSiNa meM zrAddha karanA cAhie, arthAta kuza phailAne cAhie, eka bAra tilayukta jala denA cAhie, jau ke ATe kA eka piNDa denA cAhie aura mantrocAraga (vAyu0 110 / 21-22) karanA caahie| gayAzira meM diye jAnevAle piNDa kA AkAra muSTikA yA ArdrAmalaka (hare Amale) yA zamI per3a ke patra ke barAbara honA caahie|22 isa prakAra vyakti sAta gotroM kI rakSA karatA hai, arthAt apane pitA, mAtA, patnI, bahana, putrI, phUphI (pitA kI bahina) evaM mausI ke gotroM kI rakSA karatA hai| tilayukta jala evaM piNDa nAnA ke pakSa ke sabhI logoM ko, sabhI bandhuoM, sabhI zizuoM, jo jalAye gaye hoM yA na jalAye gaye hoM, jo bijalI yA DAkuoM se mAre gaye hoM, yA jinhoMne AtmahatyA kara lI ho, yA jo bhAMti-bhA~ti ke narakoM kI yAtanAe~ saha rahe hoM yA jo duSkarmoM ke phalasvarUpa pazu, pakSI, kITa, pataMga yA vRkSa ho gaye hoM, una sabhI ko dene cAhie (trAyu 0110 / 30-35) / isa viSaya meM dekhie isa khaMDa ke adhyAya 11 evaM 12 / 111veM adhyAya meM katipaya tIrthoM kI yAtrA karane kA krama upasthita kiyA gayA hai| pUrI yAtrA sAta dinoM meM samApta hotI hai| 110veM adhyAya meM kahA gayA hai ki gayA meM praveza karane para yAtrI phalgu ke jala meM snAna karatA hai, tarpaNa evaM zrAddha karatA hai aura usI dina vaha pretazilA (jo vAyu0 108 / 15 ke anusAra zilA kA eka bhAga hai) para jAtA hai aura zrAddha karatA hai tathA pake hue bhAta evaM ghI ke piNDa detA hai (vAyu0 110 / 15) / aisA karane se jisake lie zrAddha kiyA jAtA hai vaha preta-sthiti se chuTakArA pA jAtA hai| vAyu0 (108 / 17-22) meM aisA kahA gayA hai ki rAmatIrtha meM, jo usa sthAna para hai jahA~ phalga prabhAsa parvata se milatI haiM, snAna karanA caahie| rAmatIrtha meM snAna karane, zrAddha karane evaM piNDa dene se ve vyakti jinake lie aisA kiyA jAtA hai, pitara logoM (pretazilA para zrAddha karane se jo pretatva kI sthiti se mukta ho gaye rahate haiM) kI zreNI meM A jAte haiN| pretazilA ke dakSiNa eka parvata para yamarAja, dharmarAja evaM zyAma tathA zabala nAmaka do kuttoM ko bali (kuza, tila evaM jala ke sAtha bhojana kI) denI caahie| gayA meM praveza karane ke dUsare dina yAtrI ko pretaparvata para jAnA cAhie, brahmakuNDa meM snAna eva tarpaNa karake zrAddha meM tila, ghRta, dahI 22. aSTakAsu ca vRddhau ca gayAyAM ca mRtehni| mAtuH zrAddhaM pRthaka kuryAdanyatra patinA saha // vAyu0 (110 / 17; tIrthapra0, 50 389 evaM tIrthaci0, pR0 398) / 23. muSTimAtrapramANaM ca ArdrAmalakamAtrakam / zamIpatrapramANaM vA piNDaM dadyAd gyaashire|| uddharetsapta gotrANi kulAni zatamuddharet / / piturmAtuH svabhAryAyA bhaginyA duhitustathA / pitRSvasurmAtRSvasuH sapta gotrAH prakIrtitAH // vAyu0 (110 / 25-26) / aura dekhie tristhalIsetu (pR0 327) /

Page #370
gayA ke dhArmika kRtya evaM tIrthayAtrA 1363 evaM madhu se mizrita piNDa pitaroM (pitA, pitAmaha Adi) ko denA cAhie ( vAyu0 110 / 23-24) / isake uparAnta yAtrI ko vividha rUpoM se saMbadhita logoM ke lie kuzoM para jala, tila evaM piNDa denA cAhie ( vAyu 0 110 / 34-35 ) / taba use gayA Ane kI sAkSI ke lie devoM kA AhvAna karanA cAhie aura pitR RNa se mukta honA cAhie (vAyu0 110 / 59-60) / vAyupurANa ( 110 / 61 ) meM aisA AyA hai ki gayA ke sabhI pavitra sthaloM para pretaparvata para kiye gaye piNDakarma ke samAna hI kRtya karane cAhie (sarvasthAneSu caivaM syAt piNDadAnaM tu nArada / pretaparvatamArabhya kuryAttIrtheSu ca kramAt // ) / tIsare dina paJcatIrthI kRtya karanA cAhie ( vAyu0 111 / 1) / 25 sarvaprathama yAtrI uttara mAnasa meM snAna karatA hai, devoM kA tarpaNa karatA hai aura pitaroM ko mantroM ke sAtha ( vAyu 0 110 / 21-24) jala evaM zrAddha ke piNDa detA hai / isakA phala pitaroM ke lie akSaya hotA hai| isake uparAnta yAtrI dakSiNa mAnasa kI ora tIna tIrthoM meM jAtA hai, yathA udIcItIrtha (uttara meM ), kanakhala (madhya meM ) evaM dakSiNa mAnasa (dakSiNa meN)| ina tInoM tIrthoM meM zrAddha kiyA jAtA hai| isake uparAnta yAtrI phalgutIrtha ko jAtA hai jo gayAtIrthoM meM sarvottama hai| yAtrI phalgu meM piNDoM ke sAtha zrAddha evaM tarpaNa karatA hai| phalgu-zrAddha se kartA evaM ve loga, jinake lie kartA zrAddha karatA hai, mukti pA jAte haiM ( muktirbhavati kartRRNAM pitRRNAM zrAddhataH sadA, vAyu 0 110 / 13 ) aisA kahA gayA hai ki phalgu jaladhArA ke rUpa meM AdigadAghara hai / " phalgusnAna se vyakti apanI, dasa pitaroM evaM dasa vaMzajoM kI rakSA karatA hai| isake uparAnta yAtrI vAsudeva, saMkarSaNa, pradyumna, aniruddha, viSNu evaM zrIdhara ko praNAma karake gadAdhara ko paMcAmRta se snAna karAtA hai| " paMcatIrthI kRtya ke dUsare dina ( arthAt gayApraveza ke cauthe dina ) yAtrI ko dharmAraNya jAnA cAhie, jahA~ para dharma ne yajJa kiyA thaa| vahA~ use mataMgavApI meM (jo dharmAraNya meM hI avasthita hai ) snAna karanA caahie| isake uparAnta use brahmatIrtha nAmaka kUpa para tarpaNa, zrAddha evaM piNDadAna karanA caahie| aisA hI brahmatIrtha evaM brahmayUpa ke bIca bhI karanA cAhie aura taba brahmA evaM dharmezvara ko namaskAra karanA caahie| " yAtrI ko mahAbodhi vRkSa ( pavitra pIpala vRkSa ) ko praNAma kara usake nIce zrAddha / 28 24. pretaparvata evaM brahmakuNDa ke viSaya meM tristhalosetu ( pR0 355 ) yoM kahatA hai--'pretaparvato gayAvAyavyavizi yAto gavyUtyadhikaddUrastha: / brahmakuNDe pretaparvatamUla IzAnabhAge / ' 25. pA~ca tIrtha ye haiM-uttara mAnasa, udIcItIrtha, kanakhala, dakSiNa mAnasa evaM phalgu / tristhalI 0 ( 10 360 ) kA kathana hai ki eka hI dina ina sabhI tIrthoM meM sthAna nahIM karanA cAhie / vAyu0 (111 / 12) meM AyA hai ki phalgutIrthaM gayAzira hI hai-'nAgakUTAd gRdhrakUTApAduttaramAnasAt / etad gayAziraH proktaM phalgutIrthaM taducyate / kintu agni0 ( 115/25-26) meM antara hai--'nAgAjjanArdanAtkUpAdvaTAccottaramAnasAt / eta... cyate // ' garur3apurANa (1183/4 ) meM aisA hai - 'nAgAjjanA0 taducyate // ' tristhalI0 (10 359 ) ne yoM par3hA hai - 'muNDapuSThAnnagAdhastAtphalgutIrtha manuta mam / ' 26. gaMgA pAdodakaM viSNoH phalguhyadigadAdharaH / svayaM hidravarUpeNa tasmAd gaMgAdhikaM viduH // vAyu 0 ( 111 / 16) / 27. paJcAmRta meM dugdha, dadhi, ghRta, madhu evaM zakkara hote haiM aura inhIM se gadAdhara ko snAna karAyA jAtA hai / dekhie nAradIya0 ( uttara, 43 / 53 ) - paJcAmRtena ca snAnamarcAyAM tu viziSyate / ' 28. DA0 baruA ( gayA evaM buddha - gayA, bhAga 1, pR0 22) kA kathana hai ki 'dharma' evaM 'dharmezvara' buddha ke dyotaka haiM, kintu o' mailo kA kahanA hai ki 'dharma' kA saMketa 'yama' kI ora hai| 'sambhavataH o' mailI kI bAta ThIka hai| padma 0 ( sRSTikhaNDa, 11 / 73 ) kA kathana hai ki piNDadAna ke lie tIna araNya (vana) haiM--puSkarAraNya, naimiSAraNya evaM dharmAraNya / 99

Page #371
1364 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa karanA cAhie / agni0 (115-34-37) evaM nAradIya0 (uttara, 45 / 105) ne ina tIrthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| paMcatIrthI kRtya ke tIsare dina ( arthAt gayA praveza ke pA~caveM dina ) yAtrI ko brahmasara meM snAna karanA cAhie aura brahmakUpa evaM brahmayU (brahmA dvArA yajJa karane ke lie sthApita yajJiya stambha ) ke madhya meM piNDoM ke sAtha zrAddha karanA cAhie / isa zrAddha se yAtrI apane pitaroM kI rakSA karatA hai| yAtrI ko brahmayUpa kI pradakSiNA karanI cAhie aura brahmA ko praNAma karanA cAhie / gopracAra ke pAsa brahmA dvArA lagAye gaye AmravRkSa haiN| brahmasara se jala lekara kisI AmravRkSa meM dene se pitara loga mokSa pAte haiM / isake uparAnta yama evaM dharmarAja ko, yama ke do kuttoM ko tathA kauoM ko bali denI cAhie aura taba brahmasara meM snAna karanA caahie| yaha vAyu0 ( 111 / 30-40 ) kA niSkarSa hai / inameM kucha bAteM agni0 ( 115 / 34-40 ) evaM nAradIya 0 ( uttara, 46) meM bhI pAyI jAtI haiN| isake uparAnta paMcatIrthI kRtyoM ke cauthe dina ( gayA praveza ke chaThe dina ) yAtrI ko phalgu meM sAdhAraNa snAna karanA cAhie aura gayAzira ke katipaya padoM para zrAddha karanA caahie| gayAzira krauJcapada se phalgutIrtha taka vistRta hai| gayAzira para kiyA gayA zrAddha akSaya phala detA hai / " yahA~ para Adi - gadAghara viSNupada ke rUpa meM rahate haiM / viSNupada para piNDadAna karane se yAtrI eka sahastra kuloM kI rakSA karatA hai aura apane ko kalyANamaya, akSaya evaM ananta viSNuloka meM le jAtA hai| isake uparAnta vAyu0 ( 111 / 47-56 ne rudrapada, brahmapada evaM anya 14 padoM para kiye gaye zrAddhoM ke phaloM kI carcA kI hai| " gayAzira para yAtrI jisakA nAma lekara piNDa detA hai, vaha vyakti yadi naraka meM rahatA hai to svarga jAtA hai aura yadi vaha svarga meM rahatA hai to mokSa prApta karatA hai / ' paJcatIrthI kRtyoM ke pA~caveM dina ( gayA- praveza ke sAtaveM dina ) yAtrI ko gadAlola nAmaka tIrtha meM snAna karanA caahie|" gadAlola meM piNDoM ke sAtha zrAddha karane se yAtrI apane evaM apane pitaroM ko brahmaloka meM le jAtA hai| isake uparAnta use akSayavaTa para zrAddha karanA cAhie aura brahmA dvArA pratiSThApita gayA ke brAhmaNoM ko dAnoM evaM bhojana se - sammAnita karanA caahie| jaba ve paritRpta ho jAte haiM to pitaroM ke sAtha deva bhI tRpta ho jAte haiN| isake uparAnta yAtrI ko akSayavaTa ko praNAma kara mantra ke sAtha usakI pUjA karanI cAhie aura prapitAmaha kI pUjA ke lie praNAma karanA caahie| aura dekhie agni0 ( 115 / 69-73) evaM nAradIya0 ( uttara, adhyAya 47 ) 1 tristhalI setu ( pR0 368) meM AyA hai ki uparyukta kRtya gayA meM kiye jAne vAle sAta dinoM ke kRtya haiM aura 29. krauJcapAdAtphalgutIrthaM yAvatsAkSAd gayAziraH / vAyu0 ( 111144 ) / krauJcapAda ko vAyu0 (108/75) ne muNDapRSTha kahA hai-" krauJcarUpeNa hi munirmuNDapRSThe tapo'karot / tasya pAdAMkito yasmAtkauucapAvastataH smRtaH // 30. tristhalI0 ( pR0 366 ) meM AyA hai ki viSNupada evaM anya padoM para kiye gaye zrAddhoM ke atirikta gayAzira para pRthaka rUpa se zrAddha nahIM hotaa| gayAzirasi yaH piNDAnyeSAM nAmnA tu nirvapet / narakasthA divaM yAnti svargasthA mokSamApnuyuH // dekhie vAyu0 ( 111173) evaM agni0 ( 115 / 47 ) / gayAzira gayA kA kendra hai aura yaha atyanta pavitra sthala hai| 31. isa tIrtha kA nAma gadAlola isalie par3A ki yahA~ para Adi-gadAdhara ne apanI gadA se asura heti ke sira ko kucalane ke uparAnta use ( gadA ko) dhoyA thA / hetyasurasya yacchISaM gadayA tad dvidhA kRtam / tataH prakSAlitA yasmAttIrthaM tacca vimuktye| gadAlolamiti khyAtaM sarveSAmuttamottamam // vAyu 0 ( 111 / 75) / gadAlola phalgu kI dhArA meM hI hai| 32. milAie - - 'ye yuSmAnpUjayidhyanti gayAyAmAgatA nraaH| havyakavyairdhanaiH zrAddhasteSAM kulazataM vrajet / narakAt svargalokAya svargalokAtparAM gatim // ' agni0 ( 114 / 39-40 ) /

Page #372
gayA ke tIrthoM kA varNana 1365 yadi yAtrI gayA meM Adhe mAsa yA pUrNa mAsa taka rahe to vaha apanI suvidhA ke anusAra anya tIrthoM kI yAtrA kara sakatA hai, kintu sarvaprathama pretazilA para zrAddha karanA cAhie aura sabase anta meM akSayavaTa para / tristhalI 0 meM yaha AyA hai ki yadyapi atro, agni0 evaM anya purANoM meM tIrthoM kI yAtrA ke krama meM bhinnatA pAyI jAtI hai, kintu vAyu0 meM upasthApita krama ko mAnyatA dI jAnI cAhie, kyoMki usane saba kucha vistAra ke sAtha varNita kiyA hai, yadi koI ina kramoM ko nahIM jAnatA hai to vaha kisI bhI krama kA anusaraNa kara sakatA hai, kintu pretazilA evaM akSayavaTa kA krama nahIM parivartita ho sktaa|" gayayAtrA (vAyu0, adhyAya 112) meM AyA hai ki rAjA gaya ne yajJa kiyA aura do vara pAye, jinameM eka thA gayA ke brAhmaNoM ko phira se saMmAnya pada denA aura dUsarA thA gayA purI ko usake nAma para prasiddha karanA / gayAyAtrA meM vizAla nAmaka rAjA ko bhI gAyA AyI hai jisane putrahIna hone para gayAzIrSa meM piNDadAna kiyA, jisake dvArA usane apane tIna pUrvapuruSoM ko bacAyA, putra pAyA aura svayaM svarga calA gyaa| isameM eka anya gAthA bhI AyI hai ( zloka 16-20 ) - eka rogI vyakti preta kI sthiti meM thA, usane apanI sampatti kA chaThA bhAga eka vyApArI ko diyA aura zeSa ko gayA zrAddha karane ke lie diyA aura isa prakAra vaha preta-sthiti se mukti pA gayA / yaha kathA agni0 ( 115 / 54-63), nAradIya0 (uttara, 44 / 26-50), garur3a 0 ( 1 / 84 34-43), varAha0 (7 / 12) meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai| isake uparAnta zloka 20-60 meM gayA ke kaI tIrthoM ke nAma Aye haiM, yathA - gAyatrItIrtha, prAcI-sarasvatItIrtha, vizAlA, lelihAna, bharata kA Azrama, muNDapRSTha, AkAzagaMgA, vaitaraNI evaM anya nadiyA~ tathA pavitra sthala / anta meM isane niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki pUjA evaM piNDadAna se chaH gayAe~ mukti detI haiM, yathA-gayAgraja, gayAditya, gAyatrI (tIrtha), gadAdhara, gayA evaM gayAzira / 4 agni0 (adhyAya 116 / 1-34) meM gayA ke tIrthoM kI eka lambI tAlikA dI huI hai aura use tristhalIsetu ( pR0 376-378) ne uddhRta kiyA hai| kintu hama use yahA~ nahIM de rahe haiN| gayA ke tIrthoM kI saMkhyA bar3I lambI-caur3I hai, kintu adhikAMza yAtrI sabhI kI yAtrA nahIM karate / gayA ke yAtrI ko tIna sthAnoM kI yAtrA karanA anivArya hai, yathA-- phalgu nadI, viSNupada evaM akSayavaTa / yahA~ dugdha, jala, puSpoM, candana, tAmbUla, dIpa se pUjA kI jAtI hai aura pitaroM ko piNDa diye jAte haiM / kintu phalgu ke pazcima eka caTTAna para viSNucaraNoM ke Upara viSNu pada kA mandira nirmita huA hai| gayA kA prAcIna nagara viSNu-pada ke cAroM ora basA huA thA, yaha mandira gayA kA sabase bar3A evaM mahatvapUrNa sthala hai| pada cihna (lagabhaga 16 iMca lambe ) viSNu bhagavAn ke hI kahe jAte haiM aura ve aSTa koNa vAle rajata ghere ke andara haiN| sabhI jAti-vAle yAtrI (achUtoM ko chor3akara) cAroM ora khar3e hokara una para bheTa car3hAte haiM, kintu kabhI-kabhI lambI rakama pAne kI lAlasA se purohita loga anya yAtriyoM ko haTAkara dvAra banda kara eka-do minaToM ke lie kisI kaTTara yA dhanI vyakti ko pUjA karane kI vyavasthA kara dete haiM / kula 45 vediyA~ haiM jahA~ avakAza pAne para yAtrI suvidhAnusAra jA sakate haiM aura ye vediyA~ gayA (prAcIna nagara ) ke pA~ca mIla uttara-pUrva aura sAta mIla dakSiNa ke vistAra meM phailI huI haiN| yadyapi prAcIna bauddhagranthoM, phAhiyAna evaM hvena 33. kramato'kramato vApi gayAyAtrA mhaaphlaa| agni0 (115 / 74) evaM tristhalo0 ( pR0 368 ) / 34. gayAgajo gayAdityo gAyatrI ca gavAdharaH / gayA gayAzirazcaiva SaD gayA muktidAyikAH // vAyu0 (112 // 60), tIrthaci 0 ( 10328, 'SaD gayaM muktidAyakaM' pATha AyA hai) evaM tristhalI0 ( pR0 372 ) / yaha nAradIya0 (uttara, 47 / 39-40 ) meM AyA hai| lagatA hai, gayA ke gadAdhara-mandira ke nikaTa hAthI kI AkRti se yukta stambha ko gayAgaja kahA gayA hai|

Page #373
1366 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa sAMga ne gayA evaM urubillA yA urubelA (jahA~ buddha ne chaH varSoM taka kaThina tapa kiye the aura unako sambodhi prApta huI thI) meM antara batAyA hai, tathApi gayAmAhAtmya ne mahAbodhitaru ko tIrthasthaloM meM ginA hai aura kahA hai ki hindU yAtrI ko usakI yAtrA karanI cAhie aura yaha bAta Aja taka jyoM-kI-tyoM mAnI jAtI rahI hai| hinduoM ne bauddha sthaloM para kaba adhikAra kara liyA yaha kahanA kaThina hai| bodhi-vRkSa isa vizva kA sabase prAcIna aitihAsika vRkSa hai| isakI eka zAkhA mahAn azoka (lagabhaga I0pU0250 varSa) dvArA laMkA meM bhejI gayI thI aura laMkA ke kaNDI nAmaka sthAna kA pIpala vRkSa vahI zAkhA hai yA usakA vaMzaja hai| gayAzIrSa patharIlI parvatamAlAoM kA eka vistAra hai, yathA gayAzira, muNDapRSTha, prabhAsa, gRdhrakUTa, nAgakUTa, jo lagabhaga do mIla taka phailA haA hai|5| hamane pahale dekha liyA hai ki gayAyAtrA meM akSayavaTa-sambandhI kRtya antima kRtya haiN| gayAvAla purohita phaloM kI mAlA se yAtrI ke aMgUThe yA hAthoM ko bA~dha dete haiM aura dakSiNA lete haiM / ve yAtrI ko prasAda rUpa meM miThAI dete haiM, mastaka para tilaka lagAte haiM, usakI pITha thapathapAte haiM, 'suphala' zabda kA uccAraNa karate haiM, ghoSaNA karate haiM ki yAtrI ke pitara svarga cale gaye haiM aura yAtrI ko AzIrvAda dete haiN| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki 'dhAmI' nAmaka kucha viziSTa purohita hote haiM, jo pA~ca vediyoM para paurohitya kA adhikAra rakhate haiM, yathA pretazilA, rAmazilA, rAmakuNDa, brahmakuNDa evaM kAkabali, jo rAmazilA evaM pretazilA para avasthita haiN| ye dhAmI pUrohita gayAvAla brAhmaNoM se madhyama par3ate haiN| gayA meM kina pitaroM kA zrAddha karanA cAhie, isa viSaya meM madhya kAla ke nibandhoM meM mataikya nahIM hai| yu0 evaM anya purANoM meM aisA AyA hai ki jo gayA meM zrAddha karatA hai vaha pita-RNa se mukta ho jAtA hai, yA jo kucha gayA, dharmapRSTha, brahmasara, gayAzIrSa evaM akSayavaTa meM pitaroM ko arpita hotA hai vaha akSaya ho jAtA hai| ina sabhI sthAnoM athavA uktiyoM meM 'pita' zabda bahavacana meM AyA hai| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki gayA meM zrAddha tIna pUrva puruSoM kA kiyA jAtA hai|36 gautama ke eka zloka ke anasAra mAtA ke tIna pUrva-puruSoM kA bhI zrAddha kiyA jAtA pitA evaM mAtA ke pakSa ke cha: pUrva puruSoM kI patniyoM ke viSaya meM hI mata-matAntara pAye jAte haiN| agni0 (115 / 10) ne eka vikalpa diyA hai ki gayAzrAddha ke devatA 9 yA 12 haiN| jaba ve 9 hote haiM to tIna pitR-pakSa ke pitaroM, tIna mAtR-pakSa ke puruSa pitaroM aura antima kI (arthAta mAtR-targa ke tIna puruSa pitaroM kI) patniyoM kA zrAddha kiyA jAtA hai, kintu mAtA, pitAmahI evaM prapitAmahI ke lie pRthaka rUpa se zrAddha kiyA jAtA hai| jaba gayAzrAddha meM 12 devatA hote haiM to eka hI zrAddha meM pita evaM mAta vargoM ke sabhI pitaroM kI patniyoM ko sammilita kara liyA jAtA hai| aparArka (pR0 432) ne bhI gayAzrAddha meM agni ke samAna vikalpa diyA hai| smRtyarthasAra evaM hemAdri ke mata se pitR varga ke pitaroM aura unakI patniyoM (mAtA, mAtAmahI Adi) ke lie anvaSTakA-zrAddha evaM gayAzrAddha pRthak hotA hai, kintu mAtR varga ke pitaroM evaM unakI patniyoM kA zrAddha eka hI meM hotA hai (ataH devatA 35. gayAzira evaM gayA bauddhakAla meM ati vikhyAta sthala the, aisA bauddha granyoM se prakaTa hotA hai| dekhie mahAvagga (1 / 21 / 1) evaM aMguttara nikAya (jilda 4, pR0 302)--'eka samayaM bhagavA gayAyAM viharani gyaasiise|' 36. pitaro yatra pUjyante tatra mAtAmahA api / avizeSeNa kartavyaM vizeSAnarakaM vrajet // iti gautmokteH| tristhalI0 (pR0 349), smRtyarthasAra (1.0 56) / 37. tatazcAnvaSTakAditraye strINAM zrAddhaM pRthgev| gayAmahAlayAdau tu pRthak saha vA bhartR bhiriti siddham / aparArka (pR0 432); garur3a0 (1184 / 24) meM AyA hai-'zrAddhaM tu navadevatyaM kuryAd dvAdazadevatam / anvaSTakAsu vRddhau ca gayAyAM mRtvaasre||

Page #374
gayA-zrAvidhi 1367 kevala 9 hI hoNge,)|" yama (zloka 80) ke mata se mAtA, pitAmahI evaM prapitAmahI apane patiyoM ke sAtha zrAddha meM sammilita hotI haiN| kucha logoM ke mata se gayAzrAddha ke devatA kevala chaH hote haiM, yathA-pitRvarga ke tIna puruSa pitara evaM mAtRvarga ke tIna puruSa pitara (tristhalIsetu, pR0 349) / raghunandana ne apane tIrthayAtrAtattva meM kahA hai ki yaha gauDIya mata hai| anta meM tristhalIsetu (pR0 349) ne TippaNI kI hai ki mata-matAntaroM meM dezAcAra kA pAlana karanA caahie| prajApati-smRti (183-184) ne virodhI mata diye haiM ki zrAddha meM kaba-kaba 12 yA 6 devatA hone caahie| jaba, 12 devatA hote haiM to pretazilA-zrAddha meM jo saMkalpa kiyA jAtA hai vaha gayA ke sabhI tIrthoM meM prayukta hotA hai|" yaha jJAtavya hai ki gayAzrAddha kI apanI viziSTatAe~ haiM, usameM muNDana nahIM hotA (vaayu083|18) tathA kevala gayAvAla brAhmaNoM ko hI pUjanA par3atA hai, anya brAhmaNoM ko nahIM, cAhe ve bar3e vidvAna hI kyoM na hoN| gayAvAla brAhmaNoM ke kula, caritra yA vidyA para vicAra nahIM kiyA jaataa| ina saba bAtoM para hamane adhyAya 11 meM vicAra kara liyA hai| kintu yaha smaraNIya hai ki nArAyaNa bhaTTa (tristhalI0, pR0 352) ne isako gayA ke sabhI zrAddhoM meM svIkRta nahIM kiyA hai, kevala akSayavaTa meM hI aisA mAnA hai| gayA meM vyakti apanA bhI zrAddha kara sakatA hai, kintu tila ke sAtha nhiiN|" tristhalI0 (pR0 350) meM AyA hai ki jaba koI apanA zrAddha kare to piNDadAna bhazmakUTa para janArdana kI pratimA ke hAtha meM honA cAhie aura yaha tabhI kiyA jAnA cAhie jaba ki yaha nizcita ho ki vaha putrahIna hai yA koI anya adhikArI vyakti zrAddha karane ke lie na ho (vAya0108185, garuDa0; nAradIya0, uttara, 47162-65) / gayA meM koI bhI sambandhI yA asambandho piNDadAna kara sakatA hai (vAyupurANa, 105 / 14-15) aura dekhie vAyu0 (83 / 38) / " gayAzrAddha-paddhati ke viSaya meM kaI prakAzita evaM aprakAzita grantha milate haiM, yathA---vAcaspatikRta gayAzrAddhapaddhati, raghanandanakRta tIrthayAtrAtattva (baMgalA lipi meM), mAdhava ke putra raghanAtha kI gayAzrAddhapaddhati, vAcaspati kI gyaashraaddhvidhi| hama yahA~ raghunandana ke tIrthayAtrAtattva kI vidhi kA saMkSepa meM varNana kreNge| raghunandana ne tIrthacintAmaNi kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| gayA-praveza karane ke uparAnta yAtrI ko phalgu-snAna ke lie ucita saMkalpa karanA cAhie, nadI se miTTI lekara zarIra meM lagAnA cAhie aura snAna karanA caahie| isake pazcAt use 12 puruSa evaM strI pitaroM kA tarpaNa karanA caahie| taba use saMkalpa karanA cAhie ki maiM 'om adyetyAdi azvamedha-sahasrajanma-phalavilakSaNaphala 38. tatra mAtRzrAddhaM pRyak prshstm| mAtAmahAnAM sptniikmev| smRtyarthasAra (pR0 59-60); dekhie tristhalI0 (pR0 349), jahAM hemAdri kA mata diyA gayA hai| 39. om| adyAmukagotrANAM pitR-pitAmahaprapitAmahAnAmamukadevazarmaNAm, amukagotrANAM mAtR-pitAmahIprapitAmahInAmamukAmukadevInAm, amukagotrANAM mAtAmaha-pramAtAmaha-vRddhapramAtAmahAnAmamukAmukadevadArmaNAm, amukagotrANAM mAtAmahI-pramAtAmahI-vRddhapramAtAmahInAmamukAmukadevInAM pretatvavimuktikAmaH pretazilAyAM zrAddhamahaM kriye| tIryaci0 (pR0 287) / aura dekhie garur3a0 (1184145.47) / / 40. Atmanastu mahAbuddhe gayAyAM tu tilvinaa| piNDanirvapaNaM kuryAttathA cAnyatra gotrjaaH|| vAyu0 (83 // 34), tristhalo0 (pR0 350) / aura dekhie vAyu0 (105 / 12); agni0 (115|68)-'pinnddo deyastu sarvenyaH sarvezca kultaarkaiH| Atmanastu tathA deyo hyakSayaM lokmicchtaa||' __41. Atmajopyanyajo vApi gayAbhUmau yadA tdaa| yannAmnA pAtayetpiNDaM taM nayed brahma zAzvatam // nAmagotre samuncArya pinnddpaatnmissyte| yena kenApi kasmaicitsa yAti paramAM gatim // vAyu0 (105 / 14-15) / aura dekhie vAyu0 (8338) /

Page #375
1368 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa prAptikAmaH phalgutIrthasnAnamahaM kariSye' zabdoM ke sAtha gayA zrAddha kruuNgaa| isake uparAnta use AvAhana evaM adhyaM kRtyoM ko chor3akara pArvaNa zrAddha karanA caahie| yadi yAtrI zrAddha kI sabhI kriyAe~ na kara sake to vaha kevala piNDadAna kara sakatA hai / usI dina use pretazilA jAnA cAhie aura vahA~ nimna rUpa se zrAddha karanA cAhie-- bhUmi kI zuddhi karanI cAhie, usa para baiThanA cAhie, Acamana karanA cAhie, dakSiNAbhimukha honA cAhie, apasavya rUpa se janeU dhAraNa karanA cAhie, zlokoccAraNa ( vAyu0 110 / 10-12 'kavyavAlo...zrAddhenAnena zAzvatIm ' ) karanA cAhie / pitaroM kA dhyAna karanA cAhie, prANAyAma karanA cAhie, puNDarIkAkSa kA smaraNa kara zrAddha-sAmagrI para jala chir3akanA cAhie aura saMkalpa karanA cAhie / taba brAhmaNoM ko dakSiNA dene taka ke sAre zrAddha kRtya karane cAhie; zrAddhavedI ke dakSiNa baiThanA cAhie, apasavya rUpa meM janeU dhAraNa karanA cAhie, dakSiNAbhimukha honA cAhie, bhUmi para tIna kuzoM ko rakhanA cAhie, mantroccAraNa (vAyu0 110 10-12 ) karake tilayukta aMjali-jala se eka bAra AvAhana karanA cAhie, taba pitA ko pAdya (paira dhone ke jala) se sammAnita karanA cAhie aura do zlokoM (vAyu0 110/20, 21 'om' ke sAtha 'A brahma..tilodakama') kA uccAraNa karanA cAhie, aMjali meM jala lekara pitA Adi kA AvAhana karanA cAhie aura 'om adya amukagotra pitaramukadevazarmana eSa te piNDaH svadhA' ke sAtha pAyasa yA tila, jala, madhu se mizrita kisI anya padArtha kA piNDa apane pitA ko denA caahie| isI prakAra use zeSa 11 devatAoM ( pitAmaha Adi 8 yA 5 jaisA ki lokAcAra ho) ko piNDa denA caahie| use apanI yogyatA ke anusAra dakSiNA denI caahie| taba use jahA~ vaha aba taka baiThA thA, usake dakSiNa baiThanA cAhie, bhUmi para jar3asahita kuza (jinake agra bhAga dakSiNa rahate haiM) rakhane cAhie, mantroccAraNa ( vAyu0 110 10 -12) karanA cAhie, tilAMjali se AvAhana karanA cAhie, do zlokoM (vAyu0 110 / 22-23 ) kA pATha karanA cAhie, tila, kuzoM, ghRta, dadhi, jala evaM maghu se yukta jau ke ATe kA eka piNDa sabhI 12 devatAoM ( pitaroM) ko denA caahie| isake uparAnta SoDazIkarma kiyA jAtA hai, jo nimna hai| eka-dUsare ke dakSiNa 19 sthala ( piNDoM ke lie) banAye jAte haiM aura eka ke pazcAt eka para paJcagavya chir3akA jAtA hai, isake pazcAt pratyeka sthala para agra bhAga ko dakSiNa karake kuza rakhe jAte haiM aura kuzoM para icchita vyaktiyoM kA mantroM (vAyu0 110 / 30-32 ) ke sAtha AvAhana kiyA jAtA hai aura unakI pUjA candanAdi se kI jAtI hai| jaba SoDaSIkarma kisI deva-sthala para kiyA jAtA hai to deva-pUjA bhI hotI hai, tilayukta aMjali-jala diyA jAtA hai aura prathama sthala se Arambha kara piNDa rakhe jAte haiN| yaha piNDadAna apasavya rUpa meM kiyA jAtA hai / raghunandana kA kathana hai ki yadyapi 19 piNDa diye jAte haiM taba bhI pAribhASika rUpa meM ise zrAddhaSoDazI kahA jAtA hai| yaha jJAtavya hai ki puruSoM ke lie mantroM meM 'ye', 'te' evaM 'tebhyaH' kA prayoga hotA hai, ataH yaha 'puM SoDazI' hai| strIliMga zabdoM kA prayoga karake yaha strI-SoDazI' bhI ho jAtI hai (vAyu0 110/56; tristhalI0, pR0 357; tIrthaci0, pR0 292 ) / tilayukta jala se pUrNa pAtra dvArA tIna bAra piNDoM para jala chir3akA jAtA hai / mantrapATha (tIrthaci 0 pR0 293 evaM tIrthayAtrAtattva pR0 10-11 ) bhI kiyA jAtA hai| isake uparAnta kartA ko pRthivI para jhukakara bulAye gaye devoM (pitaroM) ko cale jAne ke lie kahanA cAhie; "he pitA evaM anya logoM, Apa mujhe kSamA kareM" kahanA caahie| isake uparAnta use janeU ko navya rUpa meM dhAraNa karake Acamana karanA cAhie aura pUrvAbhimukha ho do mantroM (vAyu0 110 / 59-60, 'sAkSiNaH santu' evaM 'Agatosmi gayAma') kA uccAraNa karanA caahie| yadi vyakti isa vistRta paddhati ko 42 42. UnaviMzatI SoDazatvaM pAribhASikaM paJcAbhravat / tIrthayAtrAta sva ( pR0 8 ) / jaba koI kisI se pUchatA hai ki usake pAsa kitane Ana-vRkSa yA phala haiM to uttara yaha diyA jA sakatA hai ki 'pA~ca', bhaleM hI 6 yA 7 kI saMkhyA ho /

Page #376
gayA-zrAvavidhi nibAhane meM asamartha ho to use kama-se-kama saMkalpa karake piNDadAna karanA caahie| use apasavya rUpa meM janeU dhAraNa kara vAyu ke zlokoM (110 / 10-12 evaM 110159-60) kA pATha karanA cAhie aura apane sUtra ke anusAra anya kRtya karane cAhie, yathA-piNDa rakhe jAne vAle sthAna para rekhA khIMcanA, kuza bichAnA, piNDoM para jala chir3akanA, piNDadAna karanA, punarjalasiMcana, zvAsAvarodha, paridhAna kI gA~Tha kholanA, eka sUta kA arpaNa karanA evaM candana lgaanaa| isake uparAnta yAtrI pretazilA se nIce utarakara rAmatIrtha meM snAna karatA hai, jo prabhAsahada ke samAna hai| isake uparAnta use tarpaNa evaM zrAddha apane gRhyasUtra ke anusAra karanA caahie| use pitA Adi ko 12 piNDa, eka akSaya piNDa evaM SoDazIpiNDa dene caahie| yadi ye sabhI karma na kiye jA sake to eka kA sampAdana paryApta hai| isake uparAnta 'rAma-rAma' mantra (vAyu0 108 / 20) ke sAtha saMkalpa karake rAma ko praNAma karanA caahie| jaba yAtrI yaha snAna, zrAddha evaM piNDadAna karatA hai to usake pitara preta-sthiti se mukti pA jAte haiM (vAyu0 108 / 21) / isake uparAnta use jyotirmAn prabhAseza (ziva) kI pUjA karanI caahie| rAma evaM ziva (prabhAseza) kI pUjA 'Apastvamasi' (vAyu. 108 / 22) mantra ke sAtha kI jAnI caahie| isake uparAnta mAta kI bali ('yaha bali hai, oma yama Apako namana hai' kahakara) yama ko denI caahie| isake pazcAt prabhAsa parvata ke dakSiNa naga parvata para 'dvau zvAnau' (vAyu0 108 / 30) zloka kA pATha karake bali denI cAhie aura kahanA cAhie---'yaha yamarAja evaM dharmarAja ko bali hai; nmskaar'| yaha bali sabhI yAtriyoM ke lie Avazyaka hai| zeSa yogyatA ke anusAra kiye jA sakate haiN| isa prakAra gayA-praveza ke prathama dina ke kRtya samApta hote haiN| gayA praveza ke dUsare dina yAtrI ko phalgu meM snAna karanA cAhie, Ahnika tarpaNa evaM devapUjA karanI cAhie aura taba aparAhna meM brahmakuNDa (pretaparvata ke mUla ke uttara-pazcima meM avasthita) meM snAna karanA caahie| yahA~ para kiyA gayA zrAddha brahmavedI para sampAdita samajhA jAtA hai (arthAta jahA~ brahmA ne azvamegha yajJa kiyA thaa)| isake uparAnta yAtrI ko dakSiNAbhimukha hokara 'ye kecit' (vAyu0 110 / 63; tIrthaci0, pR0 297) mantrapATha ke sAtha tilayukta yavoM ko pretaparvata para pheMkanA cAhie tathA 'Abrahma' (vAyu0 110164) ke sAtha tilayukta jalAMjali denI caahie|" gayApraveza ke tIsare dina paMcatIrthI kRtya kiye jAte haiM, jinakA varNana Upara ho cukA hai| yAtrI 'uttare mAnase snAnama' (vAyu0 11012-3) mantrapATha ke sAtha uttara mAnasa meM snAna karatA hai| use eka aMjali jala dekara zrAddha karanA cAhie (vAyu0 110 / 20-21) / isake uparAnta use uttara mAnasa meM dakSiNa baiThakara, kuzoM ko (agrabhAga ko dakSiNa karake) bichAkara, tila yukta jala dekara, tila, kuzoM, madhu, dadhi evaM jala meM yava ke ATe ko milAkara usakA eka piNDa denA caahie| taba use 'namostu bhAnave' (vAyu0 11115) mantra ke sAtha uttara mAnasa meM sUrya kI pratimA kI pUjA karanI caahie| isake uparAnta yAtrI ko mauna rUpa se dakSiNa mAnasa ko jAnA cAhie aura vahA~ udIcItIrtha meM snAna 43. brahmakuNDasnAna kA saMkalpa yoM hai-"om adhetyAdi pitrAdInAM punarAvRttirahitabrahmalokaprAptikAmaHpretaparvate vADhamahaM krissye|' tIrthayAtrAtattva (pR0 13) / 44. yahA~ yaha eka hI bAra kaha diyA jAtA hai ki pratyeka snAna ke lie upayukta saMkalpa hotA hai, pratyeka snAna ke uparAnta tarpaNa hotA hai, jisa prakAra pretazilA para AvAhana se lekara devoM ko sAkSI banAne taka zrAddha ke sabhI kRtya kiye jAte haiM, usI prakAra saba sthaloM para zrAddha karma kiye jAte haiN| ataH aba hama isa bAta ko bAra-bAra nahIM duharAyeMge, kevala viziSTa sthaloM kI viziSTa vyavasthAoM kI ora hI nirdeza kiyA jaaygaa| 45. saMkalpa yoM hai--'om atyAdi pApakSayapUrvaka-sUryalokAvisaMsiddhipitRmuktikAma uttaramAnase snAnamahaM krissye|'

Page #377
1370 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa karanA cAhie, isI prakAra use kanakhala evaM dakSiNa mAnasa meM snAna karanA cAhie ( vAyu0 1119-10), dakSiNArka ko praNAma karanA cAhie evaM unakI pUjA karanI cAhie, maunArka ko praNAma karanA cAhie aura taba gadAghara ke dakSiNa meM sthita phalgu meM snAna karake vahA~ tarpaNa evaM zrAddha karanA caahie| isake uparAnta yAtrI ko pitAmaha kI pUjA karanI cAhie (vAyu0 111 / 19), madAghara ko jAnA cAhie aura unakI pUjA karanI cAhie ( vAyu0 111 / 21) / taba yAtrI paMca tIrthoM ko jAtA hai aura snAna karake tarpaNa karatA hai| isake uparAnta vaha gadAghara kI pratimA ko paMcAmRta se nahalAtA hai / raghunandana kA kathana hai ki gadAdhara ko paMcAmRta se nahalAnA anivArya hai / anya kArya apanI yogyatA ke anusAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra paMcatIrthI ke kRtya samApta ho jAte haiM / paMcatIrthI ke pazcAta anya tIrthoM kI yAtrA kA varNana hai jise hama yahA~ nahIM duhraaeNge| kevala vAyu0 ke viziSTa mantroM kI ora nirdeza mAtra kiyA jAyagA / mataMgavApI meM snAna evaM zrAddha karake yAtrI ko isa se uttara mataMgeza ko jAnA cAhie aura mantroccAraNa (vAyu0 111 / 25 ' pramANa devatAH santu ') karanA cAhie / brahmA dvArA lagAye gaye AmravRkSa kI jar3a meM jala DhArate hue 'Amra brahma-sarodbhUta....' kA pATha karanA cAhie (vAyu0 111 / 36) / brahmA ko praNAma karane kA mantra 'namo brahmaNe...' ( vAyu0 111 / 346 ) hai / yama ko bali 'yamarAja dharmarAja..' (vAyuM0 111 / 38) ke sAtha denI caahie| kuttoM ko vAyu 0 ke 111 / 39 evaM kauoM ko vAyu0 111 / 40 ke mantra ke sAtha bali dI jAnI caahie| padoM ke kRtya ke lie yAtrI ko rudrapada se Arambha karanA cAhie aura zrAddha karake viSNupada ko jAnA cAhie aura vahAM pAMca upacAroM se 'idaM viSNurvicakra me' (R0 1 / 22 / 17 ) mantra ke sAtha pUjana karanA cAhie, viSNupada kI vedI ke dakSiNa use zrAddhaSoDazI karanI cAhie ( vAyu0 110/60 ) / raghunandana vibhinna padoM ke zrAddhoM para saMkSepa meM likhA hai aura kahA hai ki padoM kA antima zrAddha kAzyapapada para hotA hai / gadAlola- tIrthasnAna ke lie unhoMne vAyu0 ( 111 / 76) kA mantra diyA hai| isake uparAnta unhoMne kahA hai ki akSayavaTa para zrAddha vaTa ke uttara usake mUla ke pAsa karanA caahie| akSayavaTa ko namaskAra karane ke lie vAyu0 ke ( 111 / 82-83 ) mantra diye gaye haiM / isake uparAnta raghunandana ne gAyatrI, sarasvatI, vizAlA, maratAzrama evaM muNDapRSTha nAmaka upatIrthoM ke zrAddhoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| taba unhoMne vyavasthA dI hai ki yAtrI ko vAyu0 (105 / 544 'yAsau vaitaraNI nAma...' ) ke mantra ko kahakara vaitaraNI nadI ( bhasmakUTa aura devanadI ke pAsa sthita) ko pAra karanA caahie| raghunandana ne gopracAra, ghRtakulyA, maghukulyA Adi tIrthoM kI ora nirdeza karake kahA hai ki yAtrI ko pANDuzilA (jo pitAmaha ke pAsa campakavana meM hai) jAkara zrAddha karanA caahie| raghunandana ne TippaNI kI hai ki ghRtakulyA, madhukulyA, devikA evaM mahAnadI nAmaka nadiyA~ evaM dhArAe~ ( jaba ve zilA se milatI haiM to ) maghusravA kahI jAtI haiM (vAyu0 112 / 30 ) aura vahA~ ke tarpaNa evaM zrAddha se adhika phala kI prApti hotI hai| isake uparAnta dazAzvamedha, mataMgapada, makhakuNDa (udyanta parvata ke pAsa ), gayAkUTa Adi kA ullekha huA hai / raghunandana ne anta meM vyavasthA dI hai ki yAtrI ko masmakUTa para apane dAhine hAtha se janArdana ke hAtha meM dadhi se mizrita ( kintu tila ke sAtha nahIM) eka piNDa rakhanA cAhie aura aisA karate hue pA~ca zlokoM (vAyu0 108186-90) kA pATha karanA caahie| isake uparAnta raghunandana ne mAtRSoDazI ke lie 16 zloka udaghRta kiye haiM, jo vAyupurANa meM nahIM pAye jAte / aba hameM gayA kSetra, gayA evaM gayAzira yA gayAzIrSa ke antaroM ko samajhanA caahie| vAyu0, agni0 evaM nAradIya0 ke anusAra gayAkSetra pA~ca kosoM evaM gayAzira eka kosa taka vistRta hai| *" kAzI, prayAga Adi jaise tIrthoM ko paMcakroza 46. 'paJcakozaM gayAkSetraM krozamekaM gayAziraH / vAyu0 ( 106 / 65 ) ; agni0 ( 115 / 42) evaM nAradIya0 ( uttara, 44 / 16) /

Page #378
sapta purI, cAra dhAma, dvAdaza jyotiliMga 1371 kahanA eka sAmAnya rIti ho gayI hai| kintu vAyu0 ke matAnusAra gayAkSetra lambAI meM pretazilA se lekara mahAbodhivRkSa taka lagabhaga 13 mIla hai| gayA ko muNDapRSTha kI cAroM dizAoM meM DhAI koza vistRta mAnA gayA hai|" gayAzira gayA se choTA hai aura use phalgutIrtha mAnA gayA hai| prAcIna bauddha granthoM meM gayA evaM gayAsIsa ( gayAzIrSa kA pAli rUpa) ati prasiddha kahe gaye haiM ( mahAvagga 1 / 21 / 1 evaM aMguttaranikAya, jilda 4, pR0 302 ) / hamane ati prasiddha evaM pavitra tIrthoM meM cAra kA varNana vistAra se kiyA hai| anya tIrthoM ke viSaya meM vistAra se likhanA sthAnAbhAva se yahA~ sambhava nahIM hai| lagabhaga Adhe darjana tIrthoM ke viSaya meM, saMkSepa meM hama kucha likheNge| Age hama kucha viziSTa bAtoM ke sAtha anya tIrthoM kI sUcI deMge / kintu yahA~ kucha kahane ke pUrva kucha prasiddha tIrtha- koTiyoM kI carcA kara denA Avazyaka hai| sAta nagariyoM kA eka varga prasiddha hai, jisameM pratyeka tIrtha ati pavitra evaM mokSadAyaka mAnA jAtA hai aura ye sAta tIrtha haiM-- ayodhyA, mathurA, mAyA (haridvAra), kAzI, kAJcI, avantikA (ujjayinI) evaM dvArakA / *8 badarInAtha, jagannAthapurI, rAmezvara evaM dvArakA ko cAra dhAma kahA jAtA hai| zivapurANa (4 / 1 / 183 / 21-24) meM 12 jyotiliMgoM ke nAma Aye haiM--saurASTra meM somanAtha, zrIzaila parvata ( karnUla jile meM kRSNa nAmaka sTezana se 50 mIla dUra) para mallikArjuna, ujjayinI meM mahAkAla, oMkAra kSetra ( eka narmadA dvIpa) meM paramezvara, himAlaya meM kedAra, DAkinI meM bhImAzaMkara (pUnA ke uttara-pazcima bhImA nadI ke nikAsa sthala para ), kAzI meM vizvezvara, gautamI ( godAvarI, nAsika ke pAsa ) ke taTa para tryambakezvara, citAbhUmi meM vaidyanAtha, dArukAvana meM nAgeza, setubandha meM rAmezvara evaM zivAlaya (devagiri yA daulatAbAda se 7 mIla kI dUrI para elUra nAmaka grAma kA Adhunika sthala) meM ghuSNeza / zivapurANa (koTidruma-saMhitA, adhyAya 1) ne 12 jyotirliMgoM ke nAma diye haiM aura inake viSaya kI prAyikAe~ adhyAya 14- 33 meM dI huI haiN| skanda0 ( kedArakhaNDa, 7 / 30-35 ) ne 12 jyotirliMgoM ke sAtha anya liMgoM kA bhI varNana diyA hai| bArhaspatyasUtra (DA0 epha0 DablU0 TAmasa dvArA sampAdita) ne viSNu, ziva evaM zakti ke ATha-ATha bar3e tIrthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo siddhiyA~ dete haiM / / ' 47. muNDapRSThAcca pUrvasmin dakSiNe pazcimottare / sArdhaM krozadvayaM mAnaM gayeti parikIrtitam // vAyu0 (tristhalasetu, pR0 342 ) / 48. ayodhyA mathurA mAyA kAzI kAJcI hAvantikA / etAH puNyatamAH proktAH purINAmuttamottamAH // brahmANDa 0 ( 4140/91); kAzI kAntI ca mAyAkhyA tvayodhyA dvAravatyapi / mathurAvantikA caitAH sapta puryotra mokSadAH / / skanda 0 ( kAzIkhaNDa, 6068 ) ; kAJcyavantI dvAravatI kAzyayodhyA ca paJcamI / mAyApurI ca mathurA puryaH sapta vimu kitavA: // kAzIkhaNDa (23 / 7 ); ayodhyA... vantikA / purI dvAravatI jJeyA saptaitA mokSadAyikAH // garur3a 0 ( pretakhaNDa, 34 / 5-6 ) / skanda0 ( nAgarakhaNDa, 47 / 4) meM kAntI ko rudrasena kI rAjadhAnI kahA gayA hai, kintu brahmANDa 0 ( 3 / 13 / 94 - 97 ) meM kAntIpurI ko vyAsa ke dhyAna kA sthala, kumAradhArA evaM puSkariNo kahA gayA hai / kAntI ko kucha loga nepAla kI rAjadhAnI kAThamANDU kA prAcIna nAma kahate haiM, kintu aiMzyeNTa jiyAgraphI meM ise gvAliyara ke uttara 20 mIla dUra para sthita koTivala kahA gayA hai| 49 aSTa vaiSNavakSetrAH / badarikA - sAlagrAma-puruSottama dvArakA-bilvAcala - ananta siMha - zrIraMgAH / aSTo / avimukta-gaMgAdvAra - zivakSetra rAmeyamunA (?) - zivasarasvatI-mayya-zArdUla-gajakSetrAH / zAvatA aSTau ca / ogdhINajAla- pUrNa-kAma-kolla-zrIzaila kAcI- mahendrAH / ete mahAkSetrAH sarvasiddhikarAzca / bArhaspatyasUtra ( 3 / 119-126) / 100

Page #379
adhyAya 15 kurukSetra evaM kucha anya prasiddha tIrtha kurukSetra kurukSetra ambAlA se 25 mIla pUrva meM hai / yaha eka ati punIta sthala hai| isakA itihAsa purAtana gAthAoM meM samA-sA gayA hai| Rgveda (10|33|4) meM trasadasyu ke putra kuruzravaNa kA ullekha huA hai| 'kuruzravaNa' kA zAbdika artha hai 'kuru kI bhUmi meM sunA gayA yA prasiddha / ' atharvaveda (20 / 127/8 ) meM eka kauravya pati (sambhavataH rAjA) kI carcA huI hai, jisane apanI patnI se bAtacIta kI hai / brAhmaNa-granthoM ke kAla meM kurukSetra ati prasiddha tIrtha sthala kahA gayA hai| zatapathabrAhmaNa (4/1/5/13 ) meM ullikhita eka gAthA se patA calatA hai ki devoM ne kurukSetra meM eka yajJa kiyA thA jisameM unhoMne donoM azvino ko pahale yajJa-bhAga se vaJcita kara diyA thaa| maitrAyaNI saMhitA ( 2 / 114, 'devA vai satramAsata kurukSetre ) evaM taittirIya brAhmaNa ( 5 / 1 / 1, 'devA vai satramAsata teSAM kurukSetraM vedirAsIt ' ) kA kathana hai ki devoM ne kurukSetra meM satra kA sampAdana kiyA thaa| ina uktiyoM meM antarhita bhAvanA yaha hai ki brAhmaNa-kAla meM vaidika loga yajJa-sampAdana ko ati mahattva dete the, jaisA ki R0 (10/90/16) meM AyA hai--'yajJena yajJamayajanta devAstAni dharmANi prathamAnyAsan / ' kurukSetra brAhmaNakAla meM vaidika saMskRti kA kendra thA aura vahA~ vistAra ke sAtha yajJa avazya sampAdita hote rahe hoNge| isI se ise dharmakSetra kahA gayA ora devoM ko devakIrti isI se prApta huI ki unhoMne dharma ( yajJa, tapa Adi ) kA pAlana kiyA thA aura kurukSetra meM satroM kA sampAdana kiyA thaa| kucha brAhmaNa-granthoM meM AyA hai ki bahlika prAtipI nAmaka eka kauravya rAjA thA / taittirIya brAhmaNa ( 128|4|1 ) meM AyA hai ki kuru paJcAla zizira - kAla meM pUrva kI ora gaye, pazcima meM ve grISma Rtu meM gaye jo sabase burI Rtu hai| aitareya brAhmaNa kA ullekha ati mahattvapUrNa hai / sarasvatI ne kavaSa muni kI rakSA kI thI aura jahAM vaha daur3atI huI gayI use parisaraka kahA gayA (ai0 brA0 8 / 1 yA 2 / 19 ) / eka anya sthAna para ai0 brA0 (35 / 4 = 7 / 30) meM AyA hai ki usake kAla meM kurukSetra meM 'nyagrodha' ko 'nyubja' kahA jAtA thA / ai0 brA0 ne kuruoM evaM paMcAloM ke dezoM kA ullekha vaza uzInaroM ke dezoM ke sAtha kiyA hai ( 3803 = 8/14 ) | 0 A0 (51111 ) meM gAMthA AyI hai ki devoM ne eka satra kiyA aura usake lie kurukSetra vedI ke rUpa meM thaa| usa vedI ke dakSiNa ora khANDava thA, uttarI bhAga tUrdhna thA, pRSTha bhAga parINa thA aura maru ( registAna) utkara ( kUr3A vAlA gaDDhA ) thA / isase prakaTa hotA hai ki khANDava, tUrdhna evaM parINa kurukSetra ke sImA-bhAga the aura maru janapada kurukSetra se kucha dUra thaa| AzvalAyana ( 12 / 6), lATyAyana (10 / 15) evaM kAtyAyana (24 / 6 / 5 ) ke zrautasUtra tANDaya evaM anya brAhmaNoM kA anusaraNa karate haiM aura kaI aise tIrthoM kA varNana karate haiM jahA~ sArasvata satroM kA sampAdana huA thA, yathA plakSa prasravaNa ( jahA~ se sarasvatI nikalatI hai), sarasvatI kA vaitandhava-hrada, kurukSetra meM parINa kA sthala, kAra pacava deza meM bahatI yamunA evaM triplakSAvaharaNa kA deza / 1. devA vai satramAsata / tevAM kurukSetre vedirAsIt / tasyai khANDavo dakSiNAdhaM AsIt / tUrdhnamutarArdhaH /

Page #380
kurukSetra saMbandhI prAcIna ullekha 1373 chAndogyopaniSad (111011) meM usa upasti cAkrAyaNa kI gAthA AyI hai jo kuru deza meM tuSArapAta hone se apanI yuvA patnI ke sAtha ibhya-grAma meM rahane lagA thA aura bhikSATana karake jIvikA calAtA thaa| nirukta (2010) ne vyAkhyA upasthita kI hai ki R0 (1019815 evaM 7) meM ullikhita devApi evaM zantanu aitihAsika vyakti the aura kUru ke rAjA RSTiSeNa ke putra the| pANini (4 / 1 / 151 evaM 4 / 1 / 172) ne vyutpatti kI hai ki 'kuru' se 'kauravya' banA hai| pahale kA artha hai 'rAjA' aura dUsare kA 'apatya' / mahAbhArata ne kurukSetra kI mahattA ke viSaya meM bahudhA ullekha kiyA hai| isameM AyA hai ki sarasvatI ke dakSiNa evaM dRSadvatI ke uttara kI bhUmi kurukSetra meM thI aura jo loga usameM nivAsa karate the mAno svarga meM rahate the|' vAmanapurANa (86 / 6) meM kurukSetra ko brahmAvarta kahA gayA hai| vAmanapurANa ke anusAra sarasvatI evaM dRSadvatI ke bIca kA deza kurujAMgala thaa| kintu manu (2|17|18)ne brahmAvarta ko vaha deza kahA hai jise brahmadeva ne sarasvatI evaM dRSadvatI nAmaka pavitra nadiyoM ke madhya meM banAyA thaa| brahmaSideza vaha thA jo pavitratA meM thor3A kama aura kurukSetra, matsya, paMcAla evaM zUrasena se milakara banA thaa| ina vacanoM se prakaTa hotA hai ki AryAvarta meM brahmAvarta sarvottama deza thA aura kurukSetra bhI bahuta aMzoM meM isake samAna hI thaa| hamane yaha bhI dekha liyA hai ki brAhmaNa-kAla meM atyanta punIta nadI sarasvatI kurukSetra se hokara bahatI thI aura jahA~ yaha marubhUmi meM antahita ho gayI thI use 'vinazana' kahA jAtA thA aura vaha bhI eka tIrthasthala thaa| Arambhika rUpa meM kurukSetra brahmA ko yajJiya vedI kahA jAtA thA, Age calakara ise samantapaJcaka kahA parazarAma ne apane pitA kI hatyA ke pratizodha meM kSatriyoM ke rakta se pA~ca kuNDa banA DAle, jo pitaroM ke AzIrvacanoM se kAlAntara meM pAMca pavitra jalAzayoM meM parivartita ho gye| Age calakara yaha bhUmi kurukSetra ke nAma se prasiddha huI jaba ki saMvaraNa ke putra rAjA kuru ne sone ke hala se sAta kosa kI bhUmi jota ddaalii| kuru nAmaka rAjA ke nAma para hI 'kurukSetra' nAma par3A hai| kuru ne indra se vara mA~gA thA ki vaha bhUmi, jise usane jotA thA, dharmakSetra kaha priinnjjynaaryH| marava utkrH||te. A0 (5 / 1 / 1) / kyA 'tUna' 'sadhna' kA prAcIna rUpa hai ? 'judhna' yA Adhunika 'sugha' jo prAcIna yamunA para hai, thAnezvara se 40 mIla evaM sahAranapura se uttara-pazcima 10 mIla para hai| 2. dakSiNena sarasvatyA dRSavatyuttareNa ca / ye vasanti kurukSetra te vasanti trivissttpe|| vanaparva (83 / 3, 204205) / 3. sarasvatIdRSadvatyorantaraM kurujaaNglm| vAmana0 (22 / 47); sarasvatIdRSadvatyordevanaghoryadantaram / taM devanirmitaM vezaM brahmAvataM prathamate // kurukSetraM ca matsyAzca paJcAlAH zUrasenakAH ||ess brahmarSidezovai brhmaavrtaadnntrH|| manu (2 / 17 evaM 19) / yuga-yuga meM dezoM ke vistAra meM antara par3atA rahA hai| paMcAla dakSiNa evaM uttara meM vibhAjita thaa| buddha-kAla meM paMcAla kI rAjadhAnI kannauja thii| zUrasena deza kI rAjadhAnI thI mthuraa| 'anantara' kA artha hai 'thor3A kama yA kisI se na to madhyama yA na bhinn'| aura dekhie nAradIya0 (uttara, 64 / 6) / 4. AyaSA brahmaNo vedistato rAmahRdAH smRtAH / kuruNA ca yataH kRSTaM kurukSetra tataH smRtam // vAmana0 (22 // 59-60) vAmama0 (22 // 18-20) ke anusAra brahmAko pA~ca vediyAM ye haiM--samantapaJcaka (uttarA),prayAga(madhyamA), gayAzira (pUrvA), virajA (dakSiNA) evaM puSkara (prtiicii)| 'syamantapaMcaka' zabda bhI AyA hai (vAmana0 22 / 20 evaM pA0 41177) / viSNupurANa (4 / 19 / 74-77) ke mata se kuru kI vaMzAvalI yoM hai-'ajamIDha-ma-saMvaraNa-kuru' evaM 'yaha dharmakSetraM kurukSetraM dhkaar|

Page #381
1374 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa lAye aura jo loga vahA~ snAna kareM yA mareM ve mahApuNyaphala paayeN|" kauravoM evaM pANDavoM kA yuddha yahIM huA thA / bhagavadgItA ke prathama zloka meM 'dharmakSetra' zabda AyA hai| vAyu0 (793) evaM kUrma0 (2/20133 evaM 37 / 36-37 ) meM AyA hai ki zrAddha ke lie kurujAMgala eka yogya deza hai| sAtavIM zatAbdI meM hvenasAMga ne isa deza kI carcA kI hai jisakI rAjadhAnI sthANvIzvara (Adhunika thAnesara, jo kurukSetra kA kendra hai ) thI aura jo dhArmika puNya kI bhUmi ke lie prasiddha thA / vanaparva (129 / 22) evaM vAmanapurANa (22 / 15-16) meM kurukSetra kA vistAra pA~ca yojana vyAsa meM kahA gayA hai / mahAbhArata evaM kucha purANoM meM kurukSetra kI sImAoM ke viSaya meM eka kucha azuddha zloka AyA hai, yathA--tarantu evaM kArantuka tathA macakruka ( yakSa kI pratimA) evaM rAmahRdoM (parazurAma dvArA banAye gaye tAlAoM) ke bIca kI bhUmi kurukSetra, samantapaJcaka evaM brahmA kI uttarI vedI hai| isakA phala yaha hai ki kurukSetra kaI nAmoM se vyakta huA hai, yathA-brahmasara, rAmahRda, samantapaJcaka, vinazana, sannihatI ( tIrthaprakAza, pR0 463) / kurukSetra kI sImA ke lie dekhie kaniMghama ( AlAjikala sarve riporTsa, jilda 14, pR0 86 - 106), jinhoMne TippaNI kI hai ki kurukSetra ambAlA ke dakSiNa 30 mIloM taka tathA pAnIpata ke uttara 40 mIloM taka vistRta hai| prAcIna kAla meM vaidika logoM kI saMskRti evaM kArya-kalApoM kA kendra kurukSetra thA / kramaza: vaidika loga pUrva evaM dakSiNa kI ora bar3he aura gaMgA-yamunA ke deza meM phaila gaye tathA Age calakara videha (yA mithilA) bhAratIya saMskRti kA kendra ho gayA / mahAbhArata evaM purANoM meM varNita kurukSetra kI mahattA ke viSaya meM hama yahA~ savistara nahIM likha sakate / vana0 ( 83 / 1-2 ) meM AyA hai ki kurukSetra ke sabhI loga pApamukta ho jAte haiM aura vaha bhI jo sadA aisA kahatA hai--'maiM kurukSetra ko jAU~gA aura vahA~ rahU~gA / " "isa vizva meM isase bar3hakara koI anya punIta sthala nahIM hai| yahA~ taka ki yahA~ kI ur3I huI dhUla ke kaNa pApI ko parama pada dete haiN|' yahA~ taka ki gaMgA kI bhI tulanA kurukSetra se kI gayI hai ( kurukSetrasamA gaMgA, vanaparva 85 / 88 ) / nAradIya0 (2164123 - 24 ) meM AyA hai ki grahoM, nakSatroM evaM tArAgaNoM ko kAlagati se (AkAza 5. yAvadetanmayA kRSTaM dharmakSetraM tadastu vaH / snAtAnAM ca mRtAnAM ca mahApuNyaphalaM tviha / vAmana0 (22/3334) / milAie zalyaparva ( 53 / 13-14 ) / 6. vedI prajApatereSA samantAtpaJcayojanA / kuroveM yajJazIlasya kSetrametanmahAtmanaH // vanaparva ( 129 / 22 ) ; samAjagAma ca punarbrahmaNo vedimuttarAm / samantapaMcakaM nAma dharmasthAnamanuttamam // A samantAdyojanAni paJca paJca kha sarvataH // vAmana0 (22 / 15-16) / nAradIya0 ( uttara, 64 / 20 ) meM AyA hai--' paJcayojanavistAraM dayAsatyakSamodgamam / syamantapaJcakaM tAvatkurukSetramudAhRtam // ' 7. tarantukArantukayoryadantaraM rAmahadAnAM ca macakasya / etatkurukSetra samantapaJcakaM pitAmahasyottaravedirucyate // vanaparva ( 83 / 208), zalyaparva (53 / 24) / padma0 (1 / 27 / 92 ) ne 'taraNDakAraNDakayo ' pATha diyA hai ( kalpataru, tIrtha, pR0 179) / vanaparva ( 83 / 9- 15 evaM 200) meM AyA hai ki bhagavAna viSNu dvArA niyukta kurukSetra ke dvArapAloM meM eka dvArapAla thA macatraka nAmaka yakSa / kyA hama prathama zabda ko 'tarantuka' evaM 'arantuka' meM nahIM vibhAjita kara sakate ? nAradIya0 (uttara, 65 / 24) meM kurukSetra ke antargata 'rantuka' nAmaka upatIrtha kA ullekha hai (tIrthapra0, pR0 464-465) / niyama ke mata se ratnuka' thAnesara ke pUrva 4 mIla kI dUrI para kurukSetra ke ghere ke uttara-pUrva meM sthita ratana yakSa hai| 8. tato gaccheta rAjendra kurukSetramabhiSTutam / pApebhyo vipramucyante tadgatAH sarvajantavaH // kurukSetraM gamiSyAmi kurukSetre vasAmyaham / ya evaM satataM brUyAt sarvapApaiH pramucyate // vanaparva (83 / 1-2 ) / TIkAkAra nIlakaNTha ne eka vicitra

Page #382
kurukSetra ke tIrthoM kA anusaMdhAna 1375 se) nIce gira par3ane kA bhaya hai, kintu ve, jo kurukSetra meM marate haiM punaH pRthivI para nahIM girate, arthAt ve ' nahIM lete| punaH janma yaha jJAtavya hai ki yadyapi vanaparva ne 83 veM adhyAya meM sarasvatItaTa para evaM kurukSetra meM katipaya tIrthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, kintu brAhmaNoM evaM zrautasUtroM meM ullikhita tIrthoM se unakA mela nahIM khAtA, kevala 'vinazana ' ( vanaparva 83 / 11) evaM 'saraka' (jo aitareya brAhmaNa kA sambhavataH parisaraka hai) ke viSaya meM aisA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isase yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki vanaparva kA sarasvatI evaM kurukSetra se saMbandhita ullekha zrautasUtroM ke ullekha se kaI zatAbdiyoM ke pazcAt kA hai / nAradIya 0 ( uttara, adhyAya 65) ne kurukSetra ke lagabhaga 100 tIrthoM ke nAma diye haiN| inakA vivaraNa denA yahA~ sambhava nahIM hai, kintu kucha ke viSaya meM kucha kahanA Avazyaka hai / pahalA tIrtha hai brahmasara jahA~ rAjA kuru saMnyAsI ke rUpa meM rahate (vana0 8385, vAmana0 49 / 38-41, nAradIya0, uttara 65 / 95 ) / aiMzyeNTa jiyAgrAphI Ava iNDiyA ( pR0 334(335) meM AyA hai ki yaha sara 3546 phuTa ( pUrva se pazcima) lambA evaM uttara se dakSiNa 1900 phuTa caur3A thA / vAmana 0 (25/50-55 ) ne savistara varNana kiyA hai aura usakA kathana hai ki yaha AdhA yojana vistRta thA / cakratIrtha sambhavataH vaha sthAna hai jahA~ kRSNa ne bhISma para AkramaNa karane ke lie cakra uThAyA thA (vAmana0 42 / 5, 5789 evaM 8113) / dhyAsasthalI thAnesara ke dakSiNa-pazcima 17 mIla dUra Adhunika basthalI hai jahA~ vyAsa ne putra kI hAni para mara jAne kA praNa kiyA thA ( vana0 84 / 96; nAradIya0, uttarArdha 65 / 83 evaM padma0 1126 / 90-91) / asthipura (padma0, Adi, 27/62) thAnesara ke pazcima aura aujasaghATa ke dakSiNa hai, jahA~ para mahAbhArata meM mAre gaye yoddhA jalAye gaye the / kaliMghama (AyalaoNjikala sarve riporTsa oNva iNDiyA, jilda 2, pR0 219 ) ke mata se cakratIrtha asthipura hI hai aura alabarUnI ke kAla meM yaha kurukSetra meM eka prasiddha tIrtha thaa| pRthUdaka, jo sarasvatI para thA, vanaparva (83| 142-149) dvArA prazaMsita hai- 'logoM kA kathana hai ki kurukSetra punIta hai, sarasvatI kurukSetra se punItatara hai, sarasvatI nadI se usake (sarasvatI ke ) tIrtha-sthala adhika punIta haiM aura pRthUdaka ina sabhI sarasvatI ke tIrthoM se uttama hai| pRthUdaka se bar3hakara koI anya tIrtha nahIM hai' ( vana0 83 / 147; zAnti0 152/11 padma0, Adi 27 / 33, 34, 36 evaM kalpa 0 tIrtha, pR0 180 - 181 ) / zalyaparva ( 39 / 33 34 ) meM AyA hai ki jo bhI koI punIta vacanoM kA mATha karatA huA sarasvatI ke uttarI taTa para pRthUdaka meM prANa chor3atA hai, dUsare dina se mRtyu dvArA kaSTa nahIM pAtA ( arthAt vaha janma-maraNa se mukta ho jAtA hai) / vAmana0 (39 / 20 evaM 23 ) ne ise brahmayonitIrtha kahA hai| pRthUdaka Aja kA pehovA hai jo thAnesara se 14 mIla pazcima karanAla jile meM hai ( dekhie epigraiphiyA iNDikA, jilda 1, pR0 184) / vyutpatti dI hai ( vanaparva 83 / 6 ) - kutsitaM rotIti kuru pApaM tasya kSepaNAt trAyate iti kurukSetraM pApanivartakaM brahmopalabdhisthAnatvAd brahmasadanam |''smyk anto yeSu kSatriyANAM te samantA rAmakRtarudhirodahavAH, teSAM paJcakaM samantapaJcakam / ' dekhie tIyaM 0 ( pR0 463) / 9. grahanakSatratArANAM kAlena patanAd bhayam / kurukSetramRtAnAM tu na bhUyaH patanaM bhavet // nAradIya (uttara, 264 | 23-24), vAmana0 (33 / 16 ) / 10. puNyamAhuH kurukSetraM kurukSetrAtsarasvatI / sarasvatyAzca tIrthAni tIrthebhyazca pRthUdakam // pRthUdakAttIrthatamaM nAnyattIrthaM kurUdvaha / ( vana0 83 / 147) / vAmana0 ( 22 / 44) kA kathana hai--' tasyaiva madhye bahupuNyayuktaM pRthUdakaM pApaharaM zivaM ca / puNyA navI prAimukhatAM prayAtA jalaughayuktasya sutA jalADhyA // '

Page #383
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa vAmana0 (3413) evaM nAradIya0 (uttara, 65/4-7) meM kurukSetra ke sAta vanoM kA ullekha hai, yathA-- kAmyaka, aditivana, vyAsavana, phalakIvana, sUryavana, madhuvana evaM sItAvana ( dekhie AryAlAjikala sarve riporTsa phAra iNDiyA, jilda 14, pR0 90-91 ) / zalyaparva (adhyAya 38) meM kahA gayA hai ki saMsAra sAta sarasvatiyoM dvArA ghirA huA hai, yathA -- suprabhA ( puSkara meM, jahA~ brahmA ne eka mahAna yajJa karate samaya usakA smaraNa kiyA thA), kAMcanAkSI ( naimiSa vana meM ), vizAlA ( gayA deza meM gaya dvArA AvAhita kI huI ), manoramA ( uttara kosala meM auddAlaka ke yajJa meM), sureNu (RSabha dvIpa meM kuru ke yajJa meM), oghavatI ( kurukSetra meM vasiSTha dvArA kahI gayI ) evaM vimalodA ( jaba brahmA ne himAlaya meM punaH yajJa kiyA) / vAmana0 (34 / 68) meM sarasvatI ke sambandha meM sAta nadiyA~ ati pavitra kahI gayI haiM ( yadyapi 9 ke nAma Aye haiM) yathA--sarasvatI, vaitaraNI, ApagA, gaMgA- mandAkinI, madhusravA, ambunavI, kauzikI, dRSadvatI evaM hiraNvatI / 1376 kurukSetra ko sannihatI yA sannihatyA bhI kahA gayA hai (dekhie tIthoM kI sUcI ) / vAmana0 (32 / 3-4 ) kA kathana hai ki sarasvatI plakSa vRkSa se nikalatI hai aura kaI parvatoM ko chedatI huI dvaitavana meM praveza karatI hai| isa purANa meM mArkaNDeya dvArA kI gayI sarasvatI kI prazasti bhI dI huI hai| alabarUnI (sacau, jilda 1, pR0 261 ) kA kathana hai ki somanAtha se eka bANa-nikSepa kI dUrI para sarasvatI samudra meM mila jAtI hai| eka choTI, kintu punIta nadI sarasvatI mahIkaNTha nAma kI pahAr3iyoM se nikalatI hai aura pAlanapura ke uttara-pUrva hotI huI siddhapura evaM pATana ko pAra karatI kaI mIloM taka pRthivI ke andara bahatI hai aura kaccha ke rana meM praveza kara jAtI haiM (bambaI gajeTiyara, jilda 5, pR0 283) / mathurA zUrasena deza kI mukhya nagarI mathurA ke viSaya meM Aja taka koI vaidika saMketa nahIM prApta ho sakA hai| kintu I0 pU0 pA~cavIM zatAbdI se isakA astitva siddha ho cukA hai| aMguttaranikAya (1 / 167, ekaM samayaM AyasmA mahAkacchAno madhurAyaM viharati gundAvane ) evaM majjhima0 (2 / 84) meM AyA hai ki buddha ke eka mahAn ziSya mahAkacchAyana ne mathurA apane guru ke siddhAntoM kI zikSA dii| megasthanIja sambhavataH mathurA ko jAnatA thA aura isake sAtha hareklIja (harikRSNa ? ) ke sambandha se bhI paricita thA / 'mAthura' (mathurA kA nivAsI, yA vahAM utpanna huA yA mathurA se AyA huA) zabda jaimini ke pUrvamImAMsAsUtra meM bhI AyA hai| yadyapi pANini ke sUtroM meM spaSTa rUpa se 'mathurA' zabda nahIM AyA hai, kintu varaNAdi-gaNa ( pANini, 4 / 2 / 82) meM isakA prayoga milatA hai| kintu pANini ko vAsudeva, arjuna (4|3| 98), yAdavoM ke andhaka- vRSNi loga, sambhavataH govinda bhI ( 3 / 1 / 138 evaM vArtika 'gavica vindeH saMjJAyAm ' ) zAta the / pataJjali ke mahAbhASya meM mathurA zabda kaI bAra AyA hai (jilda 1, pR0 18, 19 evaM 192, 244, jilda 3, pR0 299 Adi) / kaI sthAnoM para vAsudeva dvArA kaMsa ke nAza kA ullekha nATakIya saMketoM, citroM evaM gAthAoM ke rUpa meM AyA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM mathurA ko sauyaMpura kahA gayA hai, kintu mahAbhASya meM ullikhita saurya nagara mathurA hI hai, aisA kahanA sandehAtmaka hai| Adiparva ( 221 / 46) meM AyA hai ki mathurA ati sundara gAyoM ke lie una dinoM prasiddha thii| jaba jarAsandha ke vIra senApati haMsa evaM Dimbhaka yamunA meM dUba gaye, aura jaba jarAsandha duHkhita hokara magadha calA gayA to kRSNa kahate haiM; 'aba hama punaH prasanna hokara mathurA meM raha sakeMge' (sabhAparva 14 / 41-45) / anta meM jarAsandha ke lagAtAra AkramaNoM se taMga Akara kRSNa ne yAdavoM ko dvArakA meM le jAkara basAyA ( samAparva 14 / 49-50 evaM 67 ) / 11. kurukSetra ke tIrthoM kI sUcI ke lie dekhie e0 esa0 Ara0 Aba iNDiyA (jilba 14, 1097-106) /

Page #384
mayurA saMbandhI prAcIna ullekha brahmapurANa (14 / 54-56) meM AyA hai ki kRSNa kI sammati se vRSNiyoM evaM andhakoM ne kAlayavana ke bhaya se mathurA kA tyAga kara diyaa| vAyu0 (88 / 185) kA kathana hai ki rAma ke mAI zatrughna ne madhu ke putra lavaNa ko mAra DAlA Ara madhuvana meM mathurA ko pratiSThApita kiyA, kintu rAmAyaNa (uttarakANDa, 7016-9) meM AyA hai ki zatrughna ne 12 varSoM meM mathurA ko sundara evaM sama ddhizAlI nagara bnaayaa| ghaTa-jAtaka (phaoNsvaoNla, jilda 4, pR0 79-89, saMkhyA 454) meM mathurA ko uttara madhurA kahA gayA hai (dakSiNa ke pANDayoM kI nagarI bhI madhurA ke nAma se prasiddha thI), vahA~ kaMsa evaM vAsudeva kI gAthA bhI AyI hai jo mahAbhArata evaM purANoM kI gAthA se bhinna hai| raghuvaMza (15 / 28) meM ise madhurA nAma se zatrughna dvArA sthApita kahA gayA hai| hvenasAMga ke anusAra mathurA meM azokarAja dvArA tIna stUpa banavAye gaye the, pAMca devamandira the aura bosa maMdhArAma the, jinameM 2000 vauddha rahate the (buddhisTa rikarDsa Ava vesTarna varlDa, vIla, jilda 1, pa0 179) / jemsa ailana (kaiTalaoNga Ava svAeMsa Ava aiMzyaNTa iNDiyA, 1936) kA kathana hai ki mathurA ke hindU rAjAoM ke sikke I0 pU0 dvitIya zatAbdI ke Arambha se prathama zatAbdI ke madhya bhAga taka ke haiM (aura dekhie kaimbrija hisTrI oNva iNDiyA, jilda 1, 10538) / epha0 esa0 grAusa kI pustaka 'mathurA' (sana 1880 dvitIya saMskaraNa) bhI dRSTavya hai| mathurA ke itihAsa evaM prAcInatA ke viSaya meM zilAlekha bhI prakAza DAlate haiN| khAravela ke prasiddha abhilekha meM kaliMgarAja (khAravela) kI usa vijaya kA varNana hai, jisameM madhurA (mathurA) kI ora yavanarAja dimita kA bhAga jAnA ullikhita hai| kaniSka, huviSka evaM anya kuSANa rAjAoM ke zilAlekha bhI pAye jAte haiM, yathA-mahArAja rAjAdhirAja kanikkha (saMvat 8, epigraiphiyA iNDikA, jilda 17, pa010) kA nAga-pratimA kA zilAlekha; saM0 14 kA stambhatala lekha; haviSka (saM033) ke rAjyakAla kA bodhisatva kI pratimA ke AdhAra vAlA zilAlekha (epigre0 iNDi0, jilda 8, pR0 181-182); vAsu (saM074, vahI, jilda 9, pR0 241) kA zilAlekha ; zoNDAsa (vahI, pR0 246) ke kAla kA zilAlekha evaM mathurA tathA usake Asa-pAsa ke sAta brAhmI lekha (vahI, jilda 24, pR0 194-210) / eka anya manoraMjaka zilAlekha bhI hai, jisameM nandibala evaM mathurA ke abhinetA (zailAlaka) ke putroM dvArA nAgendra dadhikarNa ke mandira meM pradatta eka prastara-khaNDa kA ullekha hai (vahI, jilda 1, pR0 390) / viSNupurANa (6 / 8 / 31) se prakaTa hotA hai ki isake praNayana ke pUrva mathurA meM hari kI eka pratimA pratiSThApita huI thii| vAyu0 (99 / 382-83) ne bhaviSyavANI ke rUpa meM kahA hai ki mathurA, prayAga, sAketa evaM magadha meM guptoM ke pUrva sAta nAga rAjA rAjya kreNge| alabarUnI ke bhArata (jilda 2, pR0 147) meM AyA hai ki mAhurA (mathurA) meM brAhmaNoM kI bhIr3a hai| uparyukta aitihAsika vivecana se prakaTa hotA hai ki IsA ke 5 yA 6 zatAbdiyoM pUrva mathurA eka samRddhizAlI purI thI, jahA~ mahAkAvya-kAlIna hindU dharma pracalita thA, jahA~ Age calakara bauddha dharma evaM jaina dharma kA prAdhAnya huA, jahA~ 12. velie DA0 bI0 sI0 laoN kA lekha 'mathurA ina aizyeSTa iNDiyA', je0 e0 esa0 Ava baMgAla (jilda 13, 1947, pR0 21-30) / 13. sAmAnya rUpa se kaniSka kI tithi 78 I0 mAnI gayI hai| dekhie je0 bI0 o0 Ara0 esa0 (jilda 23, 1937, pR0 113-117, DA0e0 bnrjii-shaastrii)| 14. nava nAkAstu (nAgAstu ?) bhokSyanti purI campAvatoM nRpaaH| mathurAM ca purI ramyAM nAgA bhokSyanti sapta vai|| anugaMgaM prayAgaM ca sAotaM mgdhaaNstthaa| etAm janapavAnsarvAn bhokSyante guptavaMzajAH ||vaayu0 (99 / 382-83); brahma0 (374 / 194) / dekhie DA0 jAyasavAla kRta 'hisTrI Ava iNDiyA (150-350 I0), pR0 3-15, jahA~ nAgavaMza ke viSaya meM carcA hai|

Page #385
1378 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa punaH nAgoM evaM guptoM meM hindU dharma jAgarita huA, sAtavIM zatAbdI meM (jaba hvenasA~ga yahA~ AyA thA) jahA~ bauddha dharma evaM hindU dharma eka-samAna pUjita the aura jahA~ punaH 11vIM zatAbdI meM brAhmaNavAda pradhAnatA ko prApta ho gyaa| agni0 (1138-9) meM eka vicitra bAta yaha likhI hai ki rAma kI AjJA se bharata ne mathurA purI meM zailUSa ke tIna koTi putroM ko mAra ddaalaa| lagabhaga do sahasrAbdiyoM se adhika kAla taka mathurA kRSNa-pUjA evaM bhAgavata dharma kA kendra rahI hai| varAhapurANa meM mathurA kI mahattA evaM isake upatIrthoM ke viSaya meM lagabhaga eka sahasra zloka pAye jAte haiM (adhyAya 152-178) / bRhannAradIya0 (adhyAya 79-80), mAgavata0 (10) evaM viSNupurANa (5-6) meM kRSNa, rAdhA, mathurA, vRndAvana, govardhana evaM kRSNalIlA ke viSaya meM bahuta-kucha likhA gayA hai| sthAnAbhAva se mathurA-sambandhI thor3e hI zlokoM kI carcA kI jaaygii| padma0 (AdikhaNDa, 29 / 46-47) kA kathana hai ki yamunA jaba mathurA se mila jAtI hai to mokSa detI hai; yamunA mathurA meM puNyaphala utpanna karatI hai aura jaba yaha mathurA se mila jAtI hai to viSNu kI bhakti detI hai| varAha0 (152 / 8 evaM 11) meM AyA hai--viSNu kahate haiM ki isa pRthivI yA antarikSa yA pAtAla loka meM koI aisA sthAna nahIM hai jo mathurA ke samAna mujhe pyArA ho--mathurA merA prasiddha kSetra hai aura muktidAyaka hai, isase bar3hakara mujhe koI anya sthala nahIM lgtaa| padma0 meM AyA hai-'mAthuraka nAma viSNu ko atyanta priya haiM (4 / 69 / 12) / harivaMza (viSNuparva, 57 / 2-3) ne mathurA kA sundara varNana kiyA hai, eka zloka yoM hai --'mathurA medhya-deza kA kakuda (arthAt atyanta mahatvapUrNa sthala) hai, yaha lakSmI kA nivAsa sthala hai, yA pathivI kA zRMga hai| isake samAna koI anya nahIM hai aura yaha prabhata dhana-dhAnya se pUrNa hai| mathurA kA maNDala 20 yojanoM taka vistRta thA aura isameM mathurA purI bIca meM sthita thii| varAha evaM nAradIya0 (uttarArdha, adhyAya 79-80) ne mathurA evaM isake AsapAsa ke tIrthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| hama inakA yahA~ varNana upasthita nahIM kara skeNge| kucha mahatvapUrNa tIrthoM para saMkSepa meM likhA jaaygaa| varAha0 (adhyAya 153 evaM 161 / 6-10) evaM nAradIya0 (uttarArdha, 79 / 10-18) ne mathurA ke pAsa ke 12. vanoM kI carcA kI hai, yathA-madhu, tAla, kumuda, kAmya, bahula, madra, khAdira, mahAvana, lohajaMgha, bilva, mANDIra evaM dRndaavn| 24 upavana mI (grAusakRta mathurA, pR0 76) the jinheM purANoM ne nahIM, pratyuta pazcAtkAlIna granthoM ne varNita kiyA hai| vRndAvana yamunA ke kinAre mathurA ke uttara-pazcima meM thA aura vistAra meM pA~ca yojana thA (viSNupurANa 5 / 6 / 28-40, nAradIya0, uttarArdha 806,8 15. abhUtpUrmathurA kAcidrAmokto bharatovadhIt / koTitrayaM ca zailUbaputrANAM nizitaiH shraiH|| zailUSaM dRptagandharva sindhutIranivAsinam / agni0 (2 / 8-9) / viSNudharmottara0 (1, adhyAya 201-202) meM AyA hai ki zailUSa ke putra gandharvo ne sindhu ke donoM taToM kI bhUmi ko tahasa-nahasa kiyA aura rAma ne apane bhAI bharata ko unheM naSTa karane ko bhejA'jahi zailUpatanavAn gandharvAn pApanizcayAn' (11202-10) / zailUSa kA artha abhinetA bhI hotA hai| kyA yaha bharatanATyazAstra ke racayitA bharata ke anuyAyiyoM evaM anya abhinetAoM ke jhagar3e kI ora saMketa karatA hai ? nATyazAstra (17 / 47) ne nATaka ke lie zUrasena kI bhASA ko apekSAkRta adhika upayukta mAnA hai| dekhie kANekRta 'hisTrI Ava saMskRtaM poiTiksa' (pR0 40, san 1951) / 16. tasmAnmAthurakaM nAma viSNorekAntavallabham / padma0 (4069 / 12); madhyadezasya kakudaM dhAma lakSmyAzca kevalam / zRMgaM pRthivyAH svAlakSyaM prabhUtadhanadhAnyavat // harivaMza (viSNuparva, 57 / 2-3) / / 17. vizatiryojanAnAM tu mAthuraM parimaNDalam / tanmadhye mathurA nAma purI sarvottamottamA // nAradIya0 (uttara, 79 / 20-21) /

Page #386
vraja-maNDala ke tIrtha; jagannAtha purI 1379 18 evaM 77 ) / yahI kRSNa kI lIlA bhUmi thI / padma0 (4 / 69 / 9 ) ne ise pRthivI para vaikuNTha mAnA hai / matsya 0 ( 13| 38) ne rAdhA ko vRndAvana meM devI dAkSAyaNI mAnA hai / kAlidAsa ke kAla meM yaha prasiddha thA / raghuvaMza ( 6 ) meM nIpa kula ke evaM zUrasena ke rAjA suSeNa kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki vRndAvana kubera kI vATikA citraratha se kisI prakAra sundaratA meM kama nahIM hai / isake uparAnta govardhana kI mahattA hai, jise kRSNa ne apanI kaniSThA aMgulI para indra dvArA bhejI gayI varSA se gopa-gopiyoM evaM unake pazuoM ko bacAne ke lie uThAyA thA ( viSNupurANa 5 / 11 / 15-25 ) / varAhapurANa (164 / 1) meM AyA hai ki govardhana mathurA se pazcima lagabhaga do yojana hai / yaha kucha sImA taka ThIka hai, kyoMki Ajakala vRndAvana se yaha 18 mIla hai / kUrma 0 ( 1 | 14 | 18 ) kA kathana hai ki prAcIna rAjA pRthu ne yahA~ tapa kiyA thaa| harivaMza evaM purANoM kI carcAe~ kabhI-kabhI UTapaTAMga evaM eka-dUsare ke virodha meM par3a jAtI haiN| udAharaNArtha, harivaMza (viSNuparva 13 / 3 ) meM tAlavana govardhana se uttara yamunA para kahA gayA hai, kintu vAstava meM yaha govardhana se dakSiNa-pUrva meM hai / kAlidAsa ( raghuvaMza 6 / 51 ) ne govardhana kI guphAoM ( yA guhAoM kandarAoM ) kA ullekha kiyA hai / gokula vraja yA mahAvana hai jahA~ kRSNa bacapana meM nandagopa dvArA pAlita poSita hue the / kaMsa ke bhaya se nandagopa gokula 'vRndAvana cale Aye the / caitanya mahAprabhu vRndAvana Aye the (dekhie caitanyacaritAmRta, sarga 19 evaM kavi karNapUra yA paramAnanda dAsa kRta nATaka caitanyacandrodaya, aMka 9 ) / 16vIM zatAbdI meM vRndAvana ke gosvAmiyoM, vizeSataH sanAtana, rUpa evaM jIva ke granthoM ke kAraNa vRndAvana caitanya bhakti - sampradAya kA kendra thA ( dekhie pro0 esa0 ke0 de kRta 'vaiSNava phetha eNDa muvameMTa ina beMgAla, 1942, pR0 83-122) / caitanya ke samakAlIna vallabhAcArya ne prAcIna gokula kI anukRti para mahAvana se eka mIla pazcima meM nayA gokula basAyA hai| caitanya evaM vallabhAcArya eka dUsare se vRndAvana meM mile the (dekhie maNilAla sI0 pArikha kA vallabhAcArya para grantha, pR0 161 ) / mathurA ke prAcIna mandiroM ko auraMgajeba ne banArasa ke mandiroM kI bhA~ti naSTa-bhraSTa kara diyA thA / " se sabhAparva (319 / 23-25) meM aisA AyA hai ki jarAsaMgha ne girivraja (magadha kI prAcIna rAjadhAnI, rAjagira ) se apanI gadA pheMkI aura vaha 99 yojana kI dUrI para kRSNa ke samakSa mathurA meM girI; jahA~ vaha girI vaha sthAna 'gadAatra' ke nAma se vizruta huA / vaha nAma kahIM aura nahIM miltaa| grAusa ne 'mathurA' nAmaka pustaka meM (adhyAya 9, pR0 222 ) vRndAvana ke mandiroM evaM (adhyAya 11 ) govardhana, barasAnA, rAdhA ke janma-sthAna evaM nandagA~va kA ullekha kiyA hai / aura dekhie mathurA evaM usake AsapAsa ke tIrtha sthaloM ke lie DablU0 esa0 kaine kRta 'citramaya bhArata' ( pR0 253 ) / puruSottamatIrtha ( jagannAtha ) puruSottamatIrtha yA jagannAtha ke viSaya meM saMskRta evaM aMgrejI meM bahuta kucha likhA jA cukA hai| jo loga isake 18. padma0 (pAtAla, 75 / 8-14) ne kRSNa, gopiyoM evaM kAlindI kI gUr3ha vyAkhyA upasthita kI hai / gopapatniyA~ yoginI haiM, kAlindI suSumnA hai, kRSNa sarvavyApaka haiM, Adi Adi / 19. dekhie ilieTa evaM DAusana kRta 'hisTrI Ava iNDiyA aija TolDa bAI iTsa ona hisToriena', jilda 7, pu0 184, jahA~ 'ma asira-e-AlamagIrI' kI eka ukti isa viSaya meM isa prakAra anUdita huI hai, "auraMgajeba ne mathurA ke 'beharA kesu rAya' nAmaka mandira (jo, jaisA ki usa grantha meM AyA hai, 33 lAkha rupayoM se nirmita huA thA) ko naSTa karane kI AjJA dI, aura zIghra hI vaha asatyatA kA zaktizAlI gar3ha pRthivI meM milA diyA gayA aura usI sthAna para eka bRhat masajida kI nIMva DAla dI gayI / " 101

Page #387
1380 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa viSaya meM pUrNa adhyayana karanA cAhate haiM unheM nimna pustakeM dekhanI cAhie -- DablU0 DablU0 haNTarakRta 'ur3IsA' (jilda 1, pR0 81-167), rAjendralAla mitra kRta 'eNTIkviTIz2a oNva ur3IsA (jilda 2, pR0 99 - 144 ), Ara0 DI0 banarjI kRta 'hisTrI Ava ur3IsA ( do jildoM meM, 1910 ), gajeTiyara oNna purI (jilda 20, pR0 409412) / ur3IsA meM cAra atyanta mahatvapUrNa tIrtha haiM, yathA - bhuvanezvara ( yA cakratIrtha), jagalAma (yA zaMsa-kSetra), koNArka (yA padma-kSetra) tathA yAjapura yA jAjapura ( gavA - kSetra) / prathama do Aja bhI U~cI dRSTi se dekhe jAte haiM aura antima do sarvathA upekSita-se haiM / purANoM meM puruSottamatIrtha kA savistara varNana brahma0 (adhyAya 41-70, lagabhaga 1600 zloka ) evaM bahatAradIya0 (uttarArdha, adhyAya 52-61, 825 zloka ) meM huA hai| nibandhoM meM vAcaspati kRta tIrthacintAmaNi ( jisameM lagamaga eka-tihAI bhAga puruSottamatIrtha ke viSaya meM hai, pR0 53- 175, aura jisane puruSottama sambandhI 800 zloka brahmapurANa se uddhRta kiye haiM), raghunandanakRta puruSottamatattva (jo saMkSipta hai aura brahmapurANa para AdhArita hai) evaM tIrthaprakAza (pR0 561-594) vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| yaha jJAtavya hai ki kalpataru ( lagabhaga san 1110-1120 I0 meM praNIta) ke tIrthakANDa meM puruSottamatIrtha kA ullekha nahIM hai, yadyapi isane lohArgala, stutasvAmI evaM kokAmukha jaise kama prasiddha tIrthoM kA varNana kiyA hai| raghunandana ne apane puruSottama-tattva meM eka mantra ( jo azuddha chapA hai) RRgveda se uddhRta kiyA hai jisake saMdarbha se prakaTa hotA hai ki yaha kisI duSTAtmA (alakSmI) ko sambodhita hai. isakA artha yoM hai - he duSTa rUpa buka (ThuDDI) f vAle duSTAtmA (yA jise kaThinAI se mArA jA sake), usa samudra vAle dUra ke vana meM cale jAo, jisakA mAnavoM se koI sambandha nahIM hai aura isake sAtha dUra sthAnoM ko cale jAo / " raghunandana kA kathana hai ki atharvaveda meM bhI aisA hI mantra hai / sambhavataH sAyaNa kA anusaraNa karake raghunandana ne isa RRgvedIya mantra ko puruSottama se sambandhita kara diyA hai / kyoMki puruSottama kI pratimA kASTha kI hotI hai / brahmapurANa meM varNita jagannAtha kI kathA ko saMkSepa meM kaha denA Avazyaka hai| bhAratavarSa meM dakSiNI samudra ke kinAre oNDra nAmaka eka deza hai jo samudra se uttara kI ora viraja-maNDala taka vistRta hai ( 28/1-2 ) / usa deza meM eka tIrtha hai jo pApanAzaka evaM muktidAtA hai, cAroM ora se bAlU se AcchAdita hai aura hai vistAra meM dasa yojana (42113 20. yathA 'Adau yaddAru plavate sindhoH pAre apUruSam / tadAlabhasva durTUno tena yAhi paraM sthalam // ' asya vyAkhyA sAMkhyAyanabhASye / Adau viprakRSTadeze vartamAnaM apUruSaM nirmAtRsahitatvena tadAlabhasva durdvano he hotaH . .... atharvavedepi / Adau... sindhormadhye apUruSam / tadA sthalam / atrApi tathaivArthaH / madhye tIre // puruSottamatasva (jilva 2, 10563) / prathama mantra vAstava meM R0 (10 / 155 / 3 kA hai -- ' abo ... apUruSam / tadA rabhasva durhaNo tena gaccha parastaram // ' sAyaNa ne isa mantra ko puruSottama-sambandhI mAnA hai-- 'yaddAru vArupayaM puruSosamAkhyaM vebatAzarIraM... he durhaNo duHkhena hananIya kenApi hantumazakya he stota: Arabhasva avalambasva upAssvetyarthaH ' sAyaNa ne isa ke viSaya apane kisI pUrvavartI vyakti kI vyAkhyA dI hai, yathA-yaha eka tuSTAtmA (alakSmI) ke prati sambodhita hai aura usase kahA gayA hai ki vaha kisI nAva yA lakar3I ke kunde (bali ke rUpa meM) kI ora calA jAya aura usa sudUra sthala ko batA jAya jahA~ mAnava na hoN| yaha vyAkhyA svAbhAvika-sI hai aura saMdarbha meM baiTha jAtI hai| atharvaveda meM yaha mantra nahIM mila sakA hai| ...

Page #388
jagannAtha-mAhAtmya 1381 14) / " utkala deza meM puruSottamatIrtha nAma se eka tIrtha ati vikhyAta hai kyoMki isa para vibhu jagannAtha kA anugraha hai (42 / 35-37) / puruSottama kA vahA~ nivAsa hai ataH utkala meM jo loga nidAsa karate haiM ve devoM kI bhA~ti pUjita hote haiN| adhyAya 43 evaM 44 meM indradyumna kI gAthA hai, jisane mAlavA meM avantI (ujjayinI) para rAjya kiyA thaa| vaha ati punIta (dhArmika), vidvAna evaM acchA rAjA thA aura sabhI vedoM, zAstroM. mahAkAvyoM purANoM evaM dharmazAstroM ke adhyayana ke uparAnta isI niSkarSa para pahu~cA thA ki vAsudeva sabase bar3e deva haiN| vaha apanI rAjadhAnI ujjayinI se eka vizAla senA, bhRtyoM, purohitoM evaM zilpakAroM ko lekara dakSiNI samudra ke kinAre para AyA, vAsudeva kSetra ko, jo 10 yojana laMbA evaM 5 yojana caur3A thA, dekhA aura vahIM zibira DAla diyaa| purAne samaya meM usa samudra taTa para eka vaTavRkSa thA, jisake pAsa puruSottama yA jagannAtha kI eka indranIlamayI pratimA thI jo bAlukAvRta ho gayI thI aura latAgulmoM se ghirI huI thii| rAjA indradyumna ne vahA~ azvamedha yajJa kiyA, eka bar3A mandira (prAsAda) banavAyA aura usameM eka upayukta pratimA pratiSThApita karane kI icchA kii| rAjA ne svapna meM vAsudeva ko dekhA, jinhoMne usase prAtaHkAla samudra-taTa jAne ko tathA usake pAsa khar3e vaTavakSa ko kulhAr3I se kATane ko khaa| rAjA ne prAtaHkAla vaisA hI kiyA aura taba do brAhmaNa (jo vAstava meM viSNu evaM vizvakarmA the ) prakaTa hue| viSNu ne rAjA se kahA ki unake sAthI (vizvakarmA) deva pratimA bnaayeNge| kRSNa, balarAma evaM subhadrA kI tIna pratimAe~ banAyI gayIM aura rAjA ko dI gyiiN| viSNu ne varadAna diyA ki indradyumna nAmaka hrada (sara yA tAlAba) jahA~ rAjA ne azvamedha ke uparAnta snAna kiyA thA, rAjA ke nAma se vikhyAta hogA, jo loga usameM snAna kareMge ve indraloka jAyeMge aura jo loga usa tAlAba ke kinAre piNDadAna kareMge ve apane kula ke 21 pUrvapuruSoM ko taareNge| isake uparAnta rAjA ne apane banavAye hue mandira meM tInoM pratimAe~ pratiSThApita kara dii|2 skandapurANa ne utkalakhaNDa nAmaka upaprakaraNa evaM vaiSNavakhaNDa nAmaka prakaraNa meM puruSottama-mAhAtmya diyA hai, jisameM indradyumna kI gAthA kucha bhinna antaroM ke sAtha dI huI hai| uparyukta gAthA se yadi alaukikatA ko haTAkara dekhA jAya to yaha kahanA sambhava ho jAtA hai ki puruSottamatIrtha prAcIna kA Tha meM nIlAcala kahA jAtA thA, kRSNa-pUjA yahA~ para uttara bhArata se lAyI gayI thI aura lakar3I kI tIna pratimAe~ kAlAntara meM pratiSThApita huI thii| yahA~ yaha kaha denA Avazyaka hai ki maitrAyaNyupaniSad (1 / 4) meM 21. virajAkSetra ur3IsA meM vaitaraNI nadI para sthita jAjapura se thor3I dUra Age taka phailA huA hai| kaliMga, or3a . evaM utkala ke lie dekhie Ara0 DI0 banarjIkRta 'hisTrI Ava ur3IsA' (jilda 1, pR0 42-58) / 22. delie haNTara kRta 'ur3IsA' (jilda 1, pR0 89-94), jahA~ uparyukta gAthA se kucha bhinna bAteM, jo kapilasaMhitA para AdhArita hai, kahI gayI haiM, jinameM atyanta mahatvapUrNa ye haiM ki viSNu ne indradyumna ko apanI usa lakar3I kI pratimA disalAmI jo samudra dvArA prakaTa kI gayI thI, pratimAe~ devI bar3haI dvArA gar3hI gayI thI aura aisI AjJA dI gayI pIki jaba taka ve gar3ha na dI jAyeM unheM koI na dekhe, kintu rAnI ne unheM usa avasthA meM dekha liyA jaba ki ve kevala kamara taka chIlI jA cukI thIM aura kRSNa evaM balarAma ko pratimAoM kI bhujAeM abhI gar3hI nahIM gayI thIM, arthAt abhI ve kundoM ke tanoM ke rUpa meM hI thI aura subhadrA kI pratimA ko abhI bhujAoM kA rUpa nahIM milA thaa| Aja kI pratimAoM kA svarUpa aisA hI hai| rAjegalAla mitra ne apanI pustaka 'eNTIkviToja Ava ur3IsA' (2, pR0 122-123) meM ina pratimAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| indradyumna kI gAthA nAradIyapurANa (uttarArSa, 52141-93, 53-57, 5801-21, 60-61) meM AyI hai| nAradIya ne brahmapurANa ke samAna hI bAteM likhI haiM aura aisA lagatA hai ki isane dUsare se bahuta kucha bAteM jyoMkI-spoMselI haiN|

Page #389
1382 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa indradyumna kA nAma bahuta-se cakravartI rAjAoM meM AyA hai| kUrma0 (2135 / 27) ne bhI puruSottama kI saMkSepa meM kintu raMgahIna carcA kI hai (tIrtha nArAyaNasyAnyannAmnA tu purussottmm)| rAjendralAla mitra ne kalpanA kI hai ki puruSottama kSetra ke itihAsa ke tIna kAla haiM--Arambhika hindU kAla, bauddha kAla evaM vaiSNava kAla (pA~cavI zatAbdI ke uparAnta jaba ki bauddha dharma patanonmukha ho calA thaa)| unakA kathana hai ki lagabhaga 7vIM zatAbdI ke uparAnta ke tAr3apatroM para mandira vRttAnta paryApta saMkhyA meM prApta hote haiM kintu bauddhakAlIna vRttAnta avizvasanIya haiM (pa. 104) aura sambhavataH purI bauddha dhArmika sthala thA (aiNTIkviTIz2a Ava ur3IsA pR0 107) / ur3IsA meM ye bauddha saMketa milate haiM-dhaulI pahAr3I ke azoka prastara-lekha (kaoNrpa sa iMskripzanam iNDikerama, jilda 1, pR0 84-100), bhuvanezvara ke pazcima lagabhaga pA~ca mIla kI dUrI para khaNDagiri pahAr3I para bauddhakAlIna guphAe~, phAhiyAna dvArA varNita buddha ke dantAvazeSa ke julUsa ke samAna jagannAtha-ratha kI. yAtrA tathA kRSNa, subhadrA evaM balarAma kI bhaddI tIna kASTha-pratimAe~, jo kahIM aura nahIM pAyI jAtI aura jo bauddha dharma kI buddha, dharma evaM saMgha kI tIna viziSTatAoM kI ora saMketa karatI haiN| dekhie mitra kA grantha 'aiNTIkviTIz2a Ava uDIsA' (jilda 2, pa0122-126) jahA~ unhoMne kASTha-khaNDa dikhAye haiM jina para pratimAoM ke cihna aMkita haiM aura jo bauddha pratIkoM ke samAnurUpa hI unake (DA. mitra ke) dvArA siddha kiye gaye haiM; aura dekhie kaniMghama kI pustaka 'aizyeNTa jiyaoNgraphI Ava iNDiyA' (pR0 510-511) / sevela kA kathana hai ki jagannAtha kI pratimA prArambhika rUpa meM trizUloM meM se eka hI thI (je0 Ara0 e0 esa0, jilda 18.pa.402, nayo prti)| Adhunika kAla meM jagannAtha-dhAma kA gherA vargAkAra hai jo 20 phuTa U~cI evaM 652 phuTa laMbI prastara-bhittiyoM se banA hai, jisameM 120 maMdira haiM, jinameM 13 ziva ke, kucha pArvatau ke, eka sUrya kA tathA anya vibhinna deva-rUpoM ke mandira haiN| yaha jagannAtha-dha.ma kI dhArmika sahiSNutA kA paricAyaka hai| brahmapurANa (56 / 60-64 evaM 69-70)ne bhI isa sahiSNutA kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| puruSottamakSetra ne zaivoM evaM vaiSNavoM ke pArasparika matabhedoM kA samanvaya kara diyA hai| yahA~ para hindU dharma ke adhikAMzataH sabhI svarUpoM kA pratinidhitva huA hai| jagannAtha ke mahAmandira ke cAra prakoSTha haiM--bhogamandira (jahA~ bhoga car3hAye jAte haiM), naTamandira (saMgIta evaM nRtya kA stambhAkAra bhavana), jaganAtha-mandira (jahA~ yAtrI ekatra hote haiM) aura cauthA hai antaHprakoSTha jahA~ pratimAe~ haiN| jagannAtha ke bRhadAkAra mandira kA uttuMga zikhara sUcyAkAra hai aura 192 phuTa U~cA hai jisake Upara cakra evaM patAkA hai|25 jagannAtha kA mandira (prAsAda) samudra-taTa se lagabhaga sAta pharlAga kI dUrI para avasthita hai aura Asa-pAsa kI bhUmi se lagabhaga bIsa phuTa U~cI bhUmi para khar3A hai, usa U~cI bhUmi (TIle yA Dhuha) ko nIlagiri kahA jAtA hai| mandira ke caturdika dhere kI cAroM dizAoM meM cAra vizAla dvAra haiM, 23. pare'nye mahAdhanurdharAzcakravatinaH kecit sudyumnbhuuridyumnendrdyumnkuvlyaashvyauvnaashvvdhrpshvaashvptishshibinduhrishcndraambriissnnktusryaatiyyaatynrnnyoksssenaadyH| maitrAyaNI upaniSad (1 / 4) / 24. zaivabhAgavatAnAM ca vAdArthapratiSedhakam / asminkSetravare puNye nirmale puruSottame // zivasyAyatanaM deva karomi paramaM mahat / pratiSTheyaM tathA tatra tava sthAne ca zaMkaram // tatojJAsyanti loke'sminnekamUrtI hriishvrau| pratyuvAca jagannAthaH sa punastaM mhaamunim||...naavyorntrN kiJcidekabhAvau dvidhA kRtau // yo rudraH sa svayaM viSNuryo viSNuH sa mheshvrH|| brahmapurANa (56460-66 evaM 69-70) / 25. mandira ke Upara ke cakra kA varNana brahmapurANa meM isa prakAra AyA hai-'yAtrAM karoti kRSNasya yayA yaH smaahitH| sarvapApavinirmukto viSNulokaM prjennrH|| cakraM dRSTvA harerdUrAt prAsAdopari saMsthitam / sahasA mucyate pApAnaro bhaktyA praNamya tat // (51170-71, nAradIya0, uttara, 55310-11) /

Page #390
jagannAtha ko rathayAtrA evaM pUjA-vyavasthA 1383 jinameM pUrva vAlA adhika sundara hai| dvAra ke donoM pAzvoM meM eka-eka vizAla, ghuTane Tekakara baiThe hue siMha kI pratimAe~ haiM aura isI se isa dvAra ko siMha-dvAra kahA jAtA hai| ___ jagannAtha ke mahAmandira kI kucha viziSTa paripATiyA~ bhI haiN| prathama jagannAtha ke prAMgaNa evaM siMhadvAra ke bAhara koI jAti-niSedha nahIM hai| jagannAtha sabhI logoM ke devatA haiN| dUsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki jagannAtha ke bhoga ke rUpa meM pakA haA punIta cAvala itanA pavitra mAnA jAtA hai ki use prasAda rUpa meM grahaNa karane meM jAti-bandhana TaTa jAte taka ki nIca jAti ke logoM se bhI purI ke purohita pavitra bhAta grahaNa kara lete haiN| bhAvanA yaha hai ki pakA huA cAvala eka bAra jagannAtha ke samakSa rakhe jAne para apanI punItatA kabhI bhI nahIM tyaagtaa| isI se yaha mahAprasAda sukhAkara bhArata ke sabhI bhAgoM meM le jAyA jAtA hai aura vaiSNavoM ke Avadhika zrAddhoM meM pitaroM ko diye jAnevAle bhoga meM isakA prayakta eka kaNa mahApuNyakAraka mAnA jAtA hai (dekhie DA0 mitra ko 'aiNTIkviTIja Ava ur3IsA, jilda 1, pR0 131-134) / tIsarI vizeSatA hai ASAr3ha ke zuklapakSa kI dvitIyA kI rathayAtrA kA utsava, jo purI ke 24 mahotsavoM meM eka hai| rathayAtrA ke mArmika utsava kA varNana haNTara ('ur3IsA', jilda 1, pR0 131-134) ne vistAra ke sAtha kiyA hai| yaha ASAr3ha zukla pakSa ke dUsare dina sampAdita hotA hai / jagannAtha kA ratha 45 phuTa U~cA tathA 35 phuTa vargAkAra hai ; isameM 16 tIliyoM vAle 7 phuTa vyAsa ke 16 pahiye haiM aura kala~gI ke rUpa meM garur3a baiThe haiN| dUsarA ratha subhadrA kA hai, jo jagannAtha-ratha se thor3A choTA hai aura isameM 12 tIliyoM vAle 12 pahiye lage haiM aura zikhara para padma hai| tIsarA ratha balarAma kA hai, jisameM 14 tIliyoM vAle 14 pahiye haiM aura kala~gI ke rUpa meM hanumAna haiN| ye ratha yAtriyoM evaM zramikoM dvArA mandira se lagabhaga do mIla dUra jagannAtha ke grAmINa bhavana taka khIMcakara le jAye jAte haiN| khIMcate samaya sahasroM yAtrI bhAvAkUla ho saMgIta evaM jayakAroM kA pradarzana karate haiM / aMgrejI sAhitya meM aise bhrAmaka saMketa kara diye gaye haiM ki vahuta-se yAtrI dhArmika unmAda meM Akara apane ko ratha ke cakkoM ke samakSa pheMka dete the aura mara jAte the / kintu aisI dhAraNAe~ sarvathA nirmUla haiN| aisI ghaTanAoM kA ho jAnA sambhava bhI hai, kyoMki jahA~ sahasroM yAtrI hoM vahA~ dabakara mara jAnA koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai| kintu aMgrejI sAhitya meM jo bhrAmaka saMketa kara diye gaye haiM ve bhAratIya mohaka dhArmikatA ke virodha meM par3ate haiN| haNTara ('ur3IsA', jilda 1, pR0 133-134) ne isa galata dhAraNA kA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai aura DA. rAjendralAla mitra (aiNTIkviTIja Ava ur3IsA, jilda 2, pR0 99) ne kahA hai-'jagannAtha se adhika koI anya bhAratIya deva itanA badanAma nahIM kiyA gayA hai| yaha nizcita hai ki jagannAtha se bar3hakara koI anya devatA itanA komala evaM saumya nahIM hai aura unake bhaktoM ke siddhAnta raktapAta ke sarvathA viruddha haiN| jo nindAjanaka bAta anyAyapUrNa DhaMga se isa nirdoSa viSaya meM kahI gayI hai vaha kahIM aura nahIM pAyI jaatii|' zukla pakSa kI dazamI ko ratha punaH lauTa AtA hai| DA0 mitra (jilda 2, pR0 112) ke matAnusAra purI kA prAcInatama mandira hai alAbukezvara, jise bhuvanezvara zikhara ke nirmAtA lalATendu kesarI (623-677 I0) ne banavAyA thA; isake pazcAt mArkaNDezvara kA aura taba jagannAthamandira kA prAcInatA meM sthAna hai (jilda 2, pR0 112) / manamohana cakravartI ne jagannAtha-mandira ke nirmANa kI tithi 26. haNTara ne apane grantha 'ur3IsA' (pR0 135-136, jilda 1) meM likhA hai ki 21 jAtiyoM evaM vargoM (jinameM IsAI evaM muslima bhI sammilita haiM) kA praveza niSiddha hai, kyoMki ve mAMsAhArI evaM jIvahatyA karanevAle hote haiN| machalI mArane vAloM evaM kumhAroM ko, jinheM haNTara ne apanI sUcI meM rakhA hai, bAharI prAMgaNa meM praveza karane kA adhikAra hai| 27. vidyAnivAsa (baMgAla ke lekhaka, 15vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga madhya bhAga meM) ne jagannAtha-sambandhI 12 mAsoM meM kiye jAnevAle 12 utsavoM para 'dvAdazayAtrAprayogapramANa' nAmaka pustaka likhI hai|

Page #391
1384 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ke viSaya meM (je0 e0 esa0 vI0, 1898 kI jilda 67, bhAga 1, 50 328-331) carcA karate hue gaMga-vaMza ke tAmrapatroM se do zlokoM ko udadhRta karake kahA hai ki gaMgezvara ne, lisakA dUsarA nAma coDagaMga thA. puruSottama ke mahAmandira kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| coDagaMga kA rAjyAbhiSeka zaka saMvata 999 (sana 1078 I0) meM haA thA ataH ema0 ema0 . cakravartI meM mata prakAzita kiyA hai ki jagannAtha kA prAsAda lagabhaga 1085-1090I0 meM nirmita haa| DA0 DI0 sI0 sarakAra ('gaoNDa puruSottama eTa purI', je0 o0 Ara0. madrAsa. jilda 17, pR0 209-215) kA kathana hai ki ur3iyA itihAsa. 'mAdalA-pajI ke anusAra puruSottama jaganAtha kA nirmANa coDagaMga ne nahIM pratyata usake prapautra anaga-bhIma tRtIya ne karAyA, jisane vArANasI (kaTaka) ke mandira meM puruSottama kI pratimA sthApita karAyI thI, jise sulatAna phIroja zAha ne bhraSTa kara diyA (iliyaTa evaM DAusana, hisTrI Ava iNDiyA, jilda 3, pR0 312-315) / ina gaMga rAjAoM ne bhuvanezvara, koNArka evaM purI ke bhavya evaM vizAla mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA jo uttara bhArata kI vAstukalA ke uccatama jIte-jAgate udAharaNa haiN| DA. mitra (aiNTIkviTIja Ava ur3IsA, jilda 2,10109-110) evaM haNTara (ur3IsA, jilda 1, pR0 100-102) kA kathana hai ki anaMga-bhIma ne bhuvanezvara ke zikhara se bar3hakara ati sundara jagannAtha-zikhara banavAyA thA (zaka saMvat 1119 arthAt san 1198 I0 meN)|" __ jagannAtha-mandira mRtyoM (sevakoM) kI senA se suzobhita hai| ye mRtya yA sevaka yA cAkara 36 kramoM evaM 97 vargoM meM vibhAjita haiN| sabake netA haiM rAjA khurgha, jo apane ko jagannAthajo kA 'jhADU dene vAlA' kahate haiM (dekhie haNTara kA grantha 'ur3IsA', jilda 1, pR0 128) / yahA~ prati varSa lAkhoM-lAkha yAtrI Ate haiN| mukhya mandira, tIrthoM tathA mahAmandira ke AsapAsa ke mandiroM ke agrahAra-dAna Adi lAkhoM rupayoM taka pahu~ca jAte haiN| jo kucha dAnAdi se sampatti prApta hotI hai aura purI meM jo kucha dhArmika kRtya kiye jAte haiM, ina sabhI bAtoM ke prabandha Adi ke viSaya meM mahAn asaMtoSa prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai| ur3IsA rAjya ne san 1952 meM eka kAnUna banAyA hai (purI, zrI jagannAya mandira prabandha kAnUna saMkhyA 14) jo sevakoM, pujAriyoM tathA una logoM ke, jo sevA-pUjA evaM devasthAna ke prabandha se sambandhita haiM, kartavyoM evaM adhikAroM para prakAza DAlatA hai| kintu yaha kevala kucha nirIkSaNa-mAtra kI vyavasthA ke atirikta aura kucha nahIM kara sakatA-jaisA ki bhakta logoM kA kathana hai| banArasa kI bhA~ti yahA~ pA~ca mahattvapUrNa tIrtha haiM, yathA-mArkaNDeya kA sarovara, vaTa-kRSNa, balarAma, mahodadhi (samudra) evaM indrdyumn-sr| mArkaNDeya kI gAthA brahmapurANa (adhyAya 52-56) evaM nRsiMhapurANa (10 / 21, saMkSepa ) meM AyI hai| brahma0 (56 / 72-73) meM AyA hai ki viSNu ne mArkaNDeya se jagannAtha ke uttara ziva ke eka mandira evaM eka sara 28. prAsAdaM puruSottamasya nRpatiHko nAma katuM kSamastasyetyAcanRparupekSitamayaM cakre'tha gNgeshvrH||in zlokoM se patA calatA hai ki zilAlekha kI tithi ke bahuta pahale se puruSottama kA mandira avasthita thA aura coDagaMga ke pUrvavartI rAjAoM ne kisI sundara mandira ke nirmANa kI cintA nahIM kI thii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki coDagaMga ne kevala bhItarI prakoSTha kA aura jagamohana arthAta prathama maNDapa kA hI nirmANa karAyA thA (dekhie rAlAladAsa banarjI, hisTrI Ava ur3IsA, jilba 1, pR0251)| 29. 'zakAgde randhrezubhAzurUpanakSatranAyake / prAsAdaM kArayAmAsAnaMgabhImena dhImatA // dekhie ga. mitra kA grantha, jilba 2, pR0 110, evaM rAkhAladAsa banarjI kAgraMtha, jilda 1, 10248, jahA~ coDagaMga ke rAjyAbhiSeka kI tithi usake zakasaMvat 1003 vAle zilAlekha se siddha kI gayI hai| 30. mArkaNDeyaM vaTaM kRSNaM rohiNeyaM mahodadhim / indradyumnasarazcaiva paJcatIrthIviSiHsmRtaH ||brhmpuraann (60 / 11) / www.jainelibrary.or

Page #392
purI ke tIrthoM kI yAtrA, guNDicA evaM dehatyAga mahimA 1385 ke nirmANa ke lie kahA aura vahI sara mArkaNDeya-sara ghoSita huaa| brahma0 (57-3-4) ke mata se yAtrI ko mArkaNDeyasara meM snAna karanA cAhie, sira ko tIna bAra DubonA cAhie, tarpaNa karake ziva mandira meM jAnA cAhie aura 'oM namaH zivAya' ke mUlamantra se pUjana karanA cAhie; punaH aghora evaM paurANika mantroM se pUjA karanI caahie|" taba yAtrI ko mArkaNDeya-sara meM snAna karake ziva mandira meM jAnA cAhie, vaTa ke pAsa jAkara usakI pradakSiNA tIna bAra karanI cAhie, aura TippaNI meM diye hue mantra se pUjA karanI caahie| yaha jJAtavya haiM ki kRSNa vaTa ke rUpa meM haiM ( nyagrodhAkRtikaM viSNu praNipatya ) / vaTa ko kalpavRkSa bhI kahA gayA hai ( brahma0 57 / 12,60 / 18) / yAtrI ko kRSNa ke sammukha khar3e hue garur3a ko praNAma karanA cAhie aura taba mantroM ke sAtha kRSNa, saMkarSaNa evaM subhadrA kI pUjA karanI caahie| saMkarSaNa evaM subhadrA ke mantra haiM krama se brahma0 meM (57 / 22-23) evaM (57 / 58 ) / kRSNa kI pUjA 12 akSaroM (oM namo bhagavate vAsudevAya ) yA 8 akSaroM (oM namo nArAyaNAya ) vAle mantra se kI jAtI hai| brahma0 (57 / 42-51) ne bhaktipUrvaka kRSNa ke darzana karane se utpanna phaloM evaM mokSa - phalaprApti kI carcA kI hai| purI meM sAgara-snAna kabhI bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| kintu pUrNimA ke dina kA snAna ati mahattvapUrNa kahA jAtA hai ( brahma0 60 / 10 ) / sAgara-snAna kA vistRta varNana brahma0 ke adhyAya 62 meM haiN| yAtrI ko indradyumna-sara meM snAna, devoM, RSiyoM evaM pitaroM ko tarpaNa evaM pitR -piNDadAna karanA hotA hai ( brhm063|2-5 ) / kavi gaMgAdhara ke govindapura vAle prastaralekha (epi0 iNDi0, jilda 2, pR0 330 zaka saMvat 1059 arthAt san 1137-38 I0 ) meM puruSottama kI Ara saMketa milatA hai| brahma0 ke adhyAya 66 meM indradyumna-sara ke taTa para jahA~ eka maNDapa meM kRSNa, saMkarSaNa evaM subhadrA kA kucha kAla taka nivAsa huA thA, sAta dinoM kI guNDi vAyAtrA kI carcA huI hai| tIrthaci0 (10 157 - 159 ) ne isa adhyAya ko uddhRta kiyA hai aura ise guNDikA kI saMjJA dI hai, kintu 'caitanyacandrodaya' nAmaka nATaka ke Arambha meM ise guNDiyA kahA gayA hai| aisA kahA jAtA hai ki guNDicA mahAmandira se lagabhaga do mIla kI dUrI para jagannAtha kA grISma-nivAsasthala hai| yaha zabda sambhavataH 'guNDi' se nikalA hai jisakA baMgalA evaM ur3iyA (dekhie DA0 mitra, 'aiNTIkviTIz2a Ava ur3IsA, jilda 2, pR0 138-139) meM artha hotA hai lakar3I kA kundA; yaha usa kASTha kI ora saMketa karatA hai| jise indradyumna ne sAgara meM tairatA huA pAyA thaa| aura dekhie mahatAba kRta 'hisTrI Ava ur3IsA ( pR0 161 ) / yaha jJAtavya hai ki brahmapurANa meM puruSottamatIrtha meM dhArmika AtmahatyA kI ora saMketa milatA hai, yathA--'jo loga puruSottamakSetra meM vaTavRkSa para car3hakara yA vaTavRkSa evaM sAgara ke madhya meM prANa chor3ate haiM ve binA kisI saMzaya ke mokSa kI prApti karate haiN| jo vyakti jAna yA anajAna meM puruSottama yAtrA ke mArga meM yA zmazAna meM yA jagannAtha ke gRhamaMDala meM yA ratha ke mArga meM yA kahIM bhI prANa tyAga karate haiM ve mokSa pAte haiM / ataH mokSAmikAMkSoM ko isa tIrtha para sarvaprayatna se prANa tyAga karanA cAhie' (177 / 16, 17, 24 evaM 25 ) | 31. mUlamantreNa sampUjya bhArkaNDeyasya cezvaram / aghoreNa ca bho viprAH praNipatya prasAdayet / trilocana namastestu namaste zazibhUSaNa / trAhi mAM tvaM virUpAkSa mahAdeva namo'stu te // brahma0 (57 / 7-8 - nAradIya0, uttara 55 / 1819) / tIryacintAmaNi ( pR0 88 ) ke anusAra aghoramantra yaha hai--'oma aghorebhyoSaghorebhyo ghoratarebhyaH sarvebhyaH sarvasarvebhyo namaste'stu rudrarUpebhyaH / ' yaha mantra maMtrAyaNI -saMhitA (2 / 9 / 10) evaM tai0 A0 ( 10/45 / 1 ) meM AyA hai / 32. oM namo'jyaktarUpAya mahApralayakAriNe / mahadrasopaviSTAya nyagrodhAya namostu te / / amarastvaM sadA kalpe harezvAyatanaM vaTa / nyagrodha hara me pApaM kalpavRkSa namo'stute // brahma0 (57113-14 = nAradIya0, uttara 55 / 24-25) /

Page #393
1386 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa brahma0 (70 / 3-4:-- nAradIya0, uttara, 52 / 25-26) ne anta meM kahA hai--'yaha tigunA satya hai ki yaha (puruSottama) kSetra parama mahAn hai aura sarvocca tIrtha hai| eka bAra sAgara ke jala se Apluta puruSottama meM Ane para vyakti ko punaH garbhavAsa nahIM karanA par3atA aura aisA hI brahmajJAna prApta karane para bhI hotA hai| mahAn vaiSNava santa caitanya 30 varSa kI avasthA meM san 1515 I0 meM purI meM hI sadA ke lie rahane lage aura 18 varSoM ke uparAnta san 1533 meM unhoMne apanA zarIra-tyAga kiyaa| unhoMne gajapati rAjA pratAparudradeva para, jisane ur3IsA para san 1497-1540 I0 taka rAjya kiyA, bahuta hI bar3A prabhAva DAlA thaa| kavi karNapUra ke nATaka caitanyacandrodaya meM aisA vyakta kiyA gayA hai ki rAjA ne santa se milane kI prabala utkaNThA prakaTa kI aura kahA ki yadi santa kI kRpAdRSTi usa para nahIM par3egI to vaha apane prANa tyAga degaa| yaha bhaktoM kI atizayoktipUrNa vidhi kA paricAyaka mAtra hai| Age calakara caitanya mahAprabhu purI evaM ur3IsA meM viSNu ke sAtha deva ke rUpa meM pUjita hone lage (hapTara, 'ur3IsA', jilda 1 pR0 109) / kavi karNapUra ne apane nATaka ke AThaveM aMka meM sArvabhauma nAmaka pAtra dvArA kahalAyA hai ki jagannAtha evaM caitanya meM koI antara nahIM hai; aMtara kevala itanA hI hai ki jahA~ jagannAtha 'dArubrahma' (kASTha kI pratimA meM abhivyaMjita daivI zakti) haiM, vahA~ caitanya narabrahma' haiM (pR0 167) / kavi karNapUra kI saMskRta-racanA'caitanyacaritAmRta' (sarga 14-18) meM purI meM caitanya kI bhakti-pravaNatA evaM alaukika AnandAnubhUtimaya jIvana kA pradarzana kiyA gayA hai aura usameM ratha evaM jagannAtha sambandhI anya utsavoM meM caitanya dvArA liye gaye pramukha bhAga kA citravat varNana pAyA jAtA hai| DA0 es. ke0 dene mata prakAzita kiyA hai ki pratAparudra dvArA caitanya ke navIna dharma meM praviSTa hone ke viSaya meM hameM puSTa pramANa nahIM milate (vaiSNava phetha eNDa mavameNTa ina beMgAla, p067)| jagannAtha ke vizAla mandira kI dIvAroM para jo azlIla evaM kAmuka hAva bhAvapUrNa zilpa hai usane isa ujjvala mandira kI vizeSatA para eka kAlA cihna-sA phera diyA hai, aura yahI bAta vahA~ kI nartakiyoM ke viSaya meM bhI hai jo apanI cakrita A~khoM se kAmukatA kA bhaddA pradarzana karatI rahatI haiN| pazcimI lekhakoM ne isa ora prabala saMketa kiyA hai (yathAiNDiyana aiNTIkverI, jilda 1,10 322, haNTara kA grantha 'ur3IsA', jilda 1, pR0 111 evaM 135) / nartakiyoM kI upasthiti atIta itihAsa kI vasIyata-sI hai| brahmapurANa (65 / 15, 17 evaM 18) ne jyeSTha kI pUrNimA para jagannAtha ke utsava ke samaya snAna kI carcA karate hue likhA hai ki usa samaya dundubhi-vAdana hotA thA, bAMsurI kA svara guMjAra hotA thA, vaidika mantroM kA pATha hotA thA aura balarAma evaM kRSNa kI pratimAoM ke samakSa cAmaradhAriNI evaM kucabhAra se namra sundara vezyAoM kA nartana Adi hotA thaa|" narmadA gaMgA ke uparAnta bhArata kI atyanta punIta nadiyoM meM narmadA evaM godAvarI ke nAma Ate haiN| ina donoM ke viSaya meM bhI saMkSepa meM kucha likha denA Avazyaka hai| vaidika sAhitya meM narmadA ke viSaya meM koI spaSTa saMketa nahIM miltaa| zatapathabrAhmaNa (12|9|3|1)ne revottarasa kI carcA kI hai, jo pATava cAka evaM sthapati (mukhya) thA, jise sRJjayoM ne nikAla bAhara kiyA thaa| revA narmadA kA 33. munInAM vedazabdena mntrshbdaistthaapraiH| nAnAstotraravaH puNyaiH saamshgdopbRNhitH|| zyAmazyAjanaizcaiva kucbhaaraavnaamibhiH| pItaraktAmbarAbhizca maalydaamaavnaamibhiH||.....caamre ratnadaNDezca vIjyate raamkeshvo| brahma0 (65 / 15, 17 evaM 18) / 34. revottarasama ha pATavaM cAkaM sthapati sRJjayA aprurudhuH| zatapathabA0 (12 / 9 / 3 / 1) /

Page #394
narmadA-mAhAtmya 1387 dUsarA nAma hai aura yaha sambhava hai ki 'revA' se hI 'revottarasa' nAma par3A ho| pANini (4 / 2 / 87 ) ke eka vArtika ne 'mahiSmat' kI vyutpatti 'mahiSa' se kI hai, ise sAmAnyataH narmadA para sthita mAhiSmatI kA hI rUpAntara mAnA gayA hai| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki sambhavataH vArtikakAra ko (lagabhaga I0 pU0 cauthI zatAbdI meM ) narmadA kA paricaya thA / raghuvaMza (6 / 43 ) meM revA ( arthAt narmadA ) ke taTa para sthita mAhiSmatI ko anUpa kI rAjadhAnI kahA gayA hai| mahAbhArata evaM katipaya purANoM meM narmadA kI carcA bahudhA huI hai| matsya 0 ( adhyAya 186 - 194, 554 zloka ), padma0 ( AdikhaNDa, adhyAya 13-23, 739 zloka, jinameM bahuta se matsya0 ke hI zloka haiM), kUrma 0 ( uttarArdha, adhyAya 40-42, 189 zloka ) ne narmadA kI mahattA evaM usake tIrthoM kA varNana kiyA hai| matsya 0 ( 194/45) evaM padma0 (Adi, 21 / 44) meM aisA AyA hai ki usa sthAna se jahA~ narmadA sAgara meM milatI hai, amarakaNTaka parvata taka, jahA~ se vaha nikalatI hai, 10 karor3a tIrtha haiM / agni0 ( 113 / 2) evaM kUrma 0 ( 2 / 40 / 13) ke mata se krama se 60 karor3a evaM 60 sahasra tIrtha haiM / nAradIya0 (uttarArdha, adhyAya 77) kA kathana hai ki narmadA ke donoM taToM para 400 mukhya tIrtha haiM ( zloka 1 ), kintu amarakaNTaka se lekara sAr3he tIna karor3a haiM (zloka 4 evaM 27-28 ) / 5 vanaparva (188 / 103 evaM 222 / 24 ) ne narmadA kA ullekha godAvarI evaM dakSiNa kI anya nadiyoM ke sAtha kiyA hai / usI parva ( 89 / 1 - 3 ) meM yaha bhI AyA hai ki narmadA Arta deza meM hai, yaha priyaMgu evaM Amra- kuJjoM se paripUrNa hai, isameM vetra latA ke vitAna pAye jAte haiM, yaha pazcima kI ora bahatI hai aura tInoM lokoM ke sabhI tIrtha yahA~ (narmadA meM) snAna karane ko Ate haiM / " matsya evaM padma0 ne udghoSa kiyA hai ki gaMgA kanakhala meM evaM sarasvatI kurukSetra meM pavitra haiM, kintu narmadA sabhI sthAnoM meM, cAhe grAma ho yA vana / narmadA kevala darzana mAtra se pApI ko pavitra kara detI hai; sarasvatI (tIna dinoM meM) tIna snAnoM se, yamunA sAta dinoM ke snAnoM se aura gaMgA kevala eka snAna se ( matsya0 186 / 10-11 = padma0, Adi, 13 / 6-7 = kUrma0 2 / 40 / 7-8 ) / viSNudharmasUtra ( 85 / 8) ne zrAddha ke yogya tIrthoM kI sUcI dI hai, ji meM narmadA ke sabhI sthaloM ko zrAddha ke yogya ThaharAyA hai / narmadA ko rudra ke zarIra se nikalI huI kahA gayA hai, jo isa bAta kA kavitvamaya prakaTIkaraNa mAtra hai ki yaha amarakaNTaka se nikalI hai jo mahezvara evaM unakI patnoM kA nivAsa sthala kahA jAtA hai (matsya0 188 / 91 ) | M vAyu0 (77 / 32) meM aisA udghoSita hai ki nadiyoM meM zreSTha punIla narmadA pitaroM kI putrI hai aura isa para kiyA gayA zrAddha akSaya hotA hai / " matsya0 evaM kUrma0 kA kathana hai ki yaha 100 yojana lambI evaM do yojana caur3I 35. yadyapi revA evaM narmadA sAmAnyataH samAnArthaka kahI jAtI haiM, kintu bhAgavatapurANa ( 5 / 19 / 18) ne inheM pRthak-pRthak (tApI-revA-surasA-narmadA ) kahA hai, aura vAmanapurANa (13 / 25 evaM 29-30) kA kathana hai ki revA vindhya se tathA narmadA kSapAda se nikalI hai| sArvatrikoTitIrthAni gavitAnIha vAyunA / divi bhuvyantarikSe ca revAyAM tAni santi ca // nAradIya0 ( uttara, 77 27-28) / 36. aisA lagatA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM gujarAta evaM kAThiyAvAr3a ko AnataM kahA jAtA thaa| udyogaparva ( 7-6 ) meM dvArakA ko Anarta nagarI kahA gayA hai| narmadA Anarta meM hokara bahatI mAnI gayI hai ataH aisI kalpanA kI jAtI hai ki mahAbhArata ke kAla meM Anarta ke antargata gujarAta kA dakSiNI bhAga evaM kAThiyAvAr3a donoM sammilita the| 37. narmadA saritAM zreSThA dravehAdviniHsRtA / tArayetsarvabhUtAni sthAvarANi carANi ca // matsya0 (190 | 17= kUrma0 2|40|5 == padma0, AdikhaNDa 17 / 13 ) / 38. pitRRNAM duhitA puNyA narmadA saritAM varA / tatra zraddhAni dattAni akSayANi bhavantyuta // vAyupurANa (77132) / 102

Page #395
1388 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa hai / " pro0 ke0 vI0 raMgasvAmI AyaMgara ne kahA hai ki matsya0 kI bAta ThIka hai, kyoMki narmadA vAstava meM lagabhaga 199 ) / kintu do yojana ( arthAt unake matAnusAra kathana hai ki narmadA amarakaNTaka se nikalI hai, jo kaliMga 800 mIla lambI hai ( unake dvArA sampAdita kalpataru, pR0 16 mIla) kI caur3AI bhrAmaka hai| matsya0 evaM kUrma0 kA deza kA pazcimI bhAga hai / " viSNupurANa ne vyavasthA dI hai ki yadi koI rAta evaM dina meM aura jaba andhakArapUrNa sthAna meM use jAnA ho taba 'prAtaH kAla narmadA ko namaskAra, rAtri meM narmadA ko namaskAra ! he narmadA, tumheM namaskAra; mujhe viSadhara sAMpoM se bacAo' isa mantra kA japa karake calatA hai to use sA~poM kA bhaya nahIM hotaa|" kUrma0 evaM matsya 0 meM aisA kahA gayA hai ki jo agni yA jala meM praveza karake yA upavAsa karake ( narmadA ke kisI tIrtha para yA amarakaNTaka para ) prANa tyAgatA hai vaha puna: ( isa saMsAra meM) nahIM AtA / *" TaoNlemI ne narmadA ko 'namaDoja' kahA hai ( pR0 102 ) / narmadA kI carcA karanevAle zilAlekhoM meM eka ati prAcIna lekha hai erana prastarastambhAbhilekha, jo budhagupta ke kAla (gupta saMvat 165 = 484-85 I0) kA hai| dekhie kAMsa iMskripzanama iNDikerama (jilda 3, pR0 89 ) / narmadA meM milane vAlI katipaya nadiyoM ke nAma milate haiM, yathA kapilA (dakSiNI taTa para, matsya0 186 / 40 evaM padma0 1 / 13 / 35), vizalyA (matsya0 186 | 46 == padma0 2 / 35-39), eraNDI ( matsya0 191 / 42-43 evaM padma0 1 1 8 44 ), ikSu-nAdI ( matsya0 191 / 49 evaM padma0 1 / 18 / 47 ), kAverI ( matsya0 189 / 12-13 evaM padma 0 1 / 16 / 6 ) / bahuta-se upatIrthoM ke nAma Ate haiM jinameM do yA tIna kA yahA~ ullekha kiyA jaaegaa| eka hai mahezvaratIrtha ( arthAt oMkAra), jahA~ se eka tIra dvArA rudra ne bANAsura kI tIna nagariyA~ jalA DAlIM ( matsya0 188 / 2 evaM padma 0 1 / 15/2), zukla tIrtha ( matsya0 192 / 3 dvArA ati prazaMsita aura jisake bAre meM yaha kahA jAtA hai ki rAjarSi cANakya ne yahA~ siddhi prApta kI thI), bhRgutIrtha ( jisake darzana mAtra se manuSya pApa mukta ho jAtA hai, jisameM snAna karane se svarga milatA hai aura jahA~ marane se saMsAra meM punaH lauTanA nahIM par3atA ), jAmadagnya-tIrtha ( jahA~ narmadA samudra meM giratI hai aura jahA~ bhagavAn janArdana ne pUrNatA prApta kI) / amarakaNTaka parvata eka tIrtha hai jo brahmahatyA ke sAtha anya pApoM kA mocana karatA hai aura yaha vistAra meM eka yojana hai (matsya0 189 / 89 evaM 98 ) / narmadA kA atyanta mahatvapUrNa tIrtha hai mAhiSmatI, jisake sthala ke viSaya meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda rahA hai| adhikAMza lekhaka yahI kahate haiM ki yaha oMkAra mAndhAtA hai jo indaura se lagabhaga 40 mIla dakSiNa narmadA meM eka dvIpa hai| isakA itihAsa purAnA hai| bauddha granthoM meM aisA AyA 39. yojanAnAM zataM sAgraM zrUyate sriduttmaa| vistAreNa tu rAjendra yojanadvayamAyatA / / kUrma0 (2/40/12 == matsya 0 186 / 24-25) / aura dekhie agni0 ( 1132 ) / 40. kaliMgadezapazcArthe parvate'marakaNTake / puSyA ca triSu lokeSu ramaNIyA manoramA // kUrma0 (2 / 40 / 9) evaM matsya 0 ( 186 / 12) / 41. narmadAyai namaH prAtarnamaMdAyai namo nizi / namostu narmade tubhyaM trAhi mAM viSasarvataH // viSNupurANa ( 4 | 3 | 12-13) / 42. anAzakaM tu yaH kuryAtasmiMstIrthe narAdhipa / garbhavAse tu rAjendra na punarjAyate pumAn // matsya 0 ( 194/2930); parityajati yaH prANAn parvate'marakaNTake / varSakoTizataM sAgraM rudraloke mahIyate // matsya0 (186153-54) / 43. narmadA kI uttarI zAkhA jahA~ 'oMkAra' nAmaka dvIpa avasthita hai 'kAverI' nAma se prasiddha hai|

Page #396
narmadA, godAvarI varNana hai ki azoka mahAn ke rAjyakAla (lagabhaga 274 I0 pU0) meM moggaliputta tissa ne kaI dezoM meM dhArmika dUta-maNDala bheje the, jinameM eka dUtamaNDala mahiSamaNDala ko bhI bhejA gayA thaa| DA0 phlITa ne mahiSamaNDala ko mAhiSmatI kahA hai (je. Ara0 e0 esa0, pR0 425-477, san 1910) / mahAbhASyakAra ko mAhiSmatI kA jJAna thA (pANini 3 / 1 / 26, vArtika 10) / kAlidAsa ne ise revA se ghirI huI kahA hai (raghuvaMza 6 / 43) / udyogaparva (19 / 23-24 evaM 166 / 4), anuzAsana parva (166 / 4), bhAgavatapurANa (1079 / 21) evaM paya0 (2192 / 32) meM mAhiSmatI ko narmadA yA revA para sthita mAnA gayA hai| eka anya prAcIna nagara hai bharukaccha yA bhRgukaccha (Adhunika bhaDoca), jisake viSaya meM tIrthoM kI tAlikA ko dekhie| godAvarI vaidika sAhitya meM abhI taka godAvarI kI kahIM bhI carcA nahIM prApta ho sakI hai| bauddha granthoM meM bAvarI ke viSaya meM kaI dantakathAe~ milatI haiN| vaha pahale mahAkosala kA purohita thA aura pazcAt pasanedi kA, vaha godAvarI para alaka ke pAzva meM asyaka kI bhUmi meM nivAsa karatA thA aura aisA kahA jAtA hai ki usane zrAvastI meM buddha ke pAsa katipaya ziSya bheje the (suttanipAta, saikeDa buka Ava di IsTa, jilda 10, bhAga 2, pR0 184 evaM 187) / pANini (5 / 475) ke 'saMkhyAyA nadI-godAvarIbhyAM ca vArtika meM 'godAvarI nAma AyA hai aura isase 'saptagodAvara' mI parilakSita hotA hai| rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata evaM purANoM meM isakI carcA huI hai| vanaparva (8812)ne ise dakSiNa meM pAyI jAne vAlI eka punIta nadI kI saMjJA dI hai aura kahA hai ki yaha nirjharapUrNa evaM vATikAoM se AcchAdita taTavAlI thI aura yahA~ manigaNa tapasyA kiyA karate the| rAmAyaNa ke araNyakANDa (13 / 13 evaM 21) ne godAvarI ke pAsa ke paMcapaTI nAmaka sthala kA varNana kiyA hai, jahA~ mRgoM ke jhuNDa rahA karate the aura jo agastya ke Azrama se do yojana kI dUrI para thaa| brahma0 (adhyAya 70-175) meM godAvarI evaM isake upatIrthoM kA savistara varNana huA hai| tIrthasAra (nRsiMhapurANa kA eka bhAga) ne brahmapurANa ke katipaya adhyAyoM (yathA-89, 91, 106, 107, 116-118, 121, 122, 131, 144, 154, 159, 172) se lagabhaga 60 zloka uddhRta kiye haiM, jisase yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki Aja ke brahmapurAga ke gautamI vAle adhyAya 1500 I. ke pUrva upasthita the| dekhie kANe kA lekha (jarnala Ava dI bAmbe brAMca Ava dI eziyATika sosAiTI, san 1917, pa0 27-28) / brahma0 ne godAvarI ko sAmAnya rUpa meM gautamI kahA hai|" brahmapurANa (7877) meM AyA hai ki vindhya ke dakSiNa meM gaMgA ko gautamI aura uttara meM bhAgIrathI kahA jAtA hai| godAvarI kI 200 yojana kI lambAI kahI gayI hai aura kahA gayA hai ki isa para sAr3he tIna karor3a tIrtha pAye jAte haiM (brhm07778-9)| daNDakAraNya ko dharma evaM mukti kA bIja evaM usakI bhUmi ko (usake dvArA AzliSTa sthala ko) puNyatama kahA gayA hai| bahuta-se purANoM meM eka zloka AyA hai--(madhya deza ke) deza sahya parvata ke anantara meM haiM, vahIM para godAvarI hai aura vaha bhUmi tInoM lokoM meM sabase sundara hai| vahA~ govardhana hai, jo mandara evaM gandhamAdana ke samAna hai| brahma0 (adhyAya 44. vindhyasya dakSiNa gaMgA gautamI sAnigadyate / uttare sApi vindhyasya bhAgIrabhyabhidhIyate ||brhm0 (7877) evaM tIrthasAra (1045) / 45. tisraH koTyo'dhakoTI ca yojanAnAM shtdvyeN| tIrthAni munizArdUla sambhaviSyanti gautama // brahma0 (77 / 8-9) / dharmabIja muktibIjaM daNDakAraNyamucyate / vizeSAd gautamIzliSTo dezaH puNyatamo'bhavat / / brahma0 (161173) / 46. sahyasyAnantare caita tatra godAvarI ndii| pRthivyAmapi kRtsnAyAM sa pradezo mnormH| yatra govarSano nAma

Page #397
1390 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa 74-76)meM varNana AyA hai ki kisa prakAra gautama ne ziva kI jaTA se gaMgA ko brahmagiri para utArA, jahA~ unakA Azrama thA aura kisa prakAra isa kArya meM gaNeza ne sahAyatA dii| nAradapurANa (uttarArdha, 72 ) meM AyA hai ki jaba gautama tapa kara rahe the to bAraha varSoM taka pAnI nahIM barasA aura durbhikSa par3a gayA, isa para sabhI munigaNa unake pAsa gaye aura unhoMne gaMgA ko apane Azrama meM utArA / ve prAtaH kAla zAli ke anna bote the aura madhyAhna meM kATa lete the aura yaha kArya ve taba taka karate cale gaye jaba taka paryApta rUpa meM anna ekatra nahIM ho gyaa| zivajI prakaTa hue aura RSi ne prArthanA kI ki ve (zivaz2I) unake Azrama ke pAsa raheM aura isI se vaha parvata jahA~ gautama kA Azrama avasthita thA, tryambaka nAma se vikhyAta huA (zloka 24 ) / varAha0 (71 / 37-44 ) ne bhI kahA hai ki gautama hI jAhnavI ko daNDaka vana meM le Aye aura vaha godAvarI ke nAma se prasiddha ho gayI / kUrma0 (2 / 20 29-35 ) ne nadiyoM kI eka lambI sUcI dekara anta meM kahA hai ki zrAddha karane ke lie godAvarI kI vizeSa mahattA hai / brahma0 ( 124 / 93 ) meM aisA AyA hai ki 'sabhI prakAra ke kaSToM ko dUra karane ke lie kevala do (upAya ) ghoSita haiM- punIta nadI gautamI evaM ziva jo karuNAkara haiM / brahma 0 ne yahA~ ke lagabhaga 100 tIrthoM kA varNana kiyA hai, yathA -- zrayambaka (79/6), kuzAvarta (8011-3), janasthAna (8811), govardhana (adhyAya 91), pravarA - saMgama ( 106), nivAsapura ( 106 / 55), vaJjarA-saMgama ( 159) Adi, kintu sthAnAbhAva se hama inakI carcA nahIM kreNge| kintu nAsika, govardhana, paMcavaTI evaM janasthAna ke viSaya meM kucha likha denA Avazyaka hai / bharahuta stUpa ke ghere ke eka stambha para eka lekha hai jisameM nAsika ke vasuka kI patnI gorakSitA ke dAna kA varNana hai| yaha lekha I0 pU0 200 I0 kA hai aura aba taka ke pAye gaye nAsika -sambandhI lekhoM meM sabase purAnA hai| mahAbhASya ( 6 / 1 / 63 ) meM nAsikya purI kA ullekha huA hai| vAyu 0 ( 45 | 130) ne nAsikya ko eka deza ke rUpa meM kahA hai / pANDuleNA kI guphAoM ke nAsika lekhoM se patA calatA hai ki IsA ke kaI zatAbdiyoM pUrva se nAsika eka samRddhizAlI sthala yA (epi0 iNDi0, jilda 8, pR0 59-96) / TaoNlemI ( lagabhaga 150 I0) ne bhI nAsika kA ullekha kiyA hai (TaoNlemI, pR0 156) / nAsika ke itihAsa isake snAna-sthaloM, mandiroM, jalAzayoM, tIrthayAtrA evaM pUjA - kRtyoM ke viSaya meM sthAnAbhAva se adhika nahIM likhA jA sktaa| isa viSaya meM dekhie bambaI kA gajeTiyara (jilda 16, nAsika jilA) jahA~ yaha varNita hai ki nAsika meM 60 mandira evaM godAvarI ke vAma taTa para paMcavaTI meM 16 mandira haiN| kintu Aja prAcIna mandiroM meM kadAcit hI koI khar3A ho / san 1680 I0 meM dakSiNa kI sUbedArI meM auraMgajeba ne nAsika ke 25 mandira tur3avA DAle / Aja ke sabhI mandira pUnA ke pezavAoM dvArA nirmita karAye gaye haiM (san 1750 evaM 1818 ke bhItara ) / inameM tIna ullekhanIya haiM -- paMcavaTI meM rAmajI kA mandira, godAvarI ke bAyeM taTa para pahale mor3a ke pAsa nAro zaMkara kA mandira ( yA ghaNTAmandira) evaM nAsika ke AdityavAra peTha meM sundara-nArAyaNa kA mandira / paMcavaTI meM sItA guphA kA darzana kiyA jAtA hai, isake pAsa baragada ke prAcIna per3a haiM jinake viSaya meM aisA vizvAsa hai ki ye pA~ca vaToM se utpanna hue haiM jinase isa sthAna ko paMcavaTI kI saMjJA milI hai| sItA guphA se thor3I dUra para kAle rAma kA mandira hai jo pazcima bhArata ke sundara mandiroM meM parigaNita hotA hai / govardhana ( nAsika se 6 mIla pazcima ) evaM tapovana (nAsika se 1 || mIla dakSiNa-pUrva ) ke bIca meM bahuta-se snAna-sthala evaM pavitra kuNDa haiM / godAvarI kI bAyIM ora jahA~ isakA dakSiNa kI ora prathama ghumAva hai, nAsika kA rAmakuNDa nAmaka pavitratama sthala hai| kAlArAma mandira ke prati dina ke dhArmika kRtya evaM pUjA yAtrI mandaro gandhamAdanaH // matsya0 ( 114 / 37-38 = vAyu0 45 / 112-113 mArkaNDeya0 54134-35 brahmANDa 0 2 / 16 / 43) / aura dekhie brahma0 (27 / 43-44) /

Page #398
godAvarI ( daNDakAraNya), kAMcI purI 1391 loga nAsika meM hI karate haiN| nAsika ke utsavoM meM rAmanavamI eka bahuta bar3A parva hai ( dekhie bambaI gajeTiyara, jilda 6, pR0 517 518, 529-531 evaM 522-526) / uSavadAta ke nAsika - zilAlekha meM, jo bahuta lambA evaM prasiddha hai, 'govardhana' zabda AyA hai / dekhie bambaI gajeTiyara, jilda 16, pR0 569-570 / paMcavaTI nAma jyoM-kA-tyoM calA AyA hai| yaha jJAtavya hai ki rAmAyaNa ( 3|13| 13) meM paMcavaTI ko deza kahA gayA hai / zalyaparva (3919 - 10 ), rAmAyaNa ( 3 / 21 / 19-20 ), nAradIya0 (2/75 | 30) evaM agni0 (7/2-3) ke mata se janasthAna daNDakAraNya meM thA aura paMcavaTI usakA ( arthAt janasthAna kA ) eka bhAga thA / janasthAna vistAra meM 4 yojana thA aura yaha nAma isalie par3A ki yahA~ janaka-kula ke rAjAoM ne godAvarI kI kRpA se mukti pAyI thI (brahma0 88 / 22-24) / jaba bRhaspati graha siMha rAzi meM praveza karatA hai usa samaya kA godAvarI - snAna Aja bhI mahApuNya-kAraka mAnA jAtA hai (dharmasindhu, pR0 7 ) / brahma0 ( 152 / 38-39) meM aisA AyA hai ki tInoM lokoM ke sAr3he tIna karor3a devatA isa samaya yahA~ snAnArthaM Ate haiM aura isa samaya kA kevala eka godAvarI-snAna bhAgIrathI meM prati dina kiye jAne vAle 60 sahasra varSo taka ke snAna ke barAbara hai / varAha0 ( 71145-46 ) meM aisA AyA hai ki jaba koI siMhastha varSa meM godAvarI jAtA hai, vahA~ snAna karatA hai aura pitaroM kA tarpaNa evaM zrAddha karatA hai to usake ve pitara, jo naraka meM rahate haiM, svarga cale jAte haiM, aura jo svarga ke vAsI hote haiM, ve mukti pA jAte haiM / 12 varSoM ke uparAnta, eka bAra bRhaspati siMha rAzi meM AtA hai / isa siMhasya varSa meM bhArata ke sabhI bhAgoM se sahasroM kI saMkhyA meM yAtrIgaNa nAsika Ate haiM / kAJcI ( Adhunika kAJjIvaram ) bhArata kI sAta punIta nagariyoM meM eka hai aura dakSiNa bhArata ke ati prAcIna nagaroM meM mukhya hai / " yadi hvenasAMga dvArA ullikhita janazrutiyoM para vizvAsa kiyA jAya to yaha patA calatA hai ki gautama buddha kAJcIpura meM Aye the aura azokarAja ne yahA~ para eka stUpa banavAyA thA / hvenasAMga (lagabhaga 640 I0 san ) ke anusAra kAJcI 30 lI ( lagabhaga 5 / / mIla) vistAra meM thI aura usake samaya meM vahAM Au deva mandira the aura bahuta-se nirgrantha loga vahA~ ha the| mahAbhASya (vArtika 26, pANini 4 / 2 / 104 ) ne bhI 'kAJcIpuraka' (kAJcI kA nivAsI) kA prayoga kiyA hai| pallavoM ke bahuta-se abhilekha kAJcI ke prAcIna itihAsa para prakAza DAlate haiM, yathA -- yuvamahArAja ziva-skandavarmA ke mayivolu dAnapatra (epi0 iNDi0, jilda 6, pR0 84), 8veM varSa kA hirahar3agallI lekha ( vaha, jilda 1, pR0 2 ) evaM kadamba kAkusthavarmA kA tAlaguMDa stambha lekha (vahI, jilda 8, pR0 24 ) / samudragupta kI prayAga prazasti ( gupta iMskripzaMsa, phlITa dvArA sampAdita, pR0 7) meM AyA hai ki samudragupta ne cauthI zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM kAJcI ke viSNu gopa ko parAjita kiyA thA / 'maNimekhalai' meM kAJcI kA vizada varNana hai, jahA~ maNimekhale ne anta meM prakAza pAyA thA ( em0 kRSNasvAmI AyaMgarakRta maNimekhale ina iTsa hisTaoNrikala seTiMga', pR0 20) / yahA~ para pallavoM, kAJcI 47. 'nAsika' zabda 'nAsikA' se banA hai aura isI se 'nAsikya' zabda bhI banA hai| sambhavataH yaha nAma isalie par3A hai ki yahIM para lakSmaNa ne zUrpaNakhA kI nAka (nAsikA) kATI thii| 48. ayodhyA mathurA mAyA kAzI kAJcI hAyantikA / etAH puNyatamAH proktAH purINAmuttamottamAH // brahmANDa 0 (4 / 40 / 91 ) ; kAzI kAntI ca mAyAkhyA tvayodhyA dvAravatyapi / mathurAvantikA caitAH sapta puryotra mokSadA // skanda0 ( kAzIkhaNDa 6 / 68) Adi /

Page #399
1392 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa Adi ke zilAlekhoM tathA bahuta-se Adhunika lekhoM kI carcA karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| isa viSaya meM dekhie Ara0 gopAlana kRta 'hisTrI Ava di pallavaja Ava kAJcI' (san 1928) jahA~ adyatana sAmagrI ke AdhAra para kAJcI kA itihAsa prastuta kiyA gayA / aba hama kAJcI ke viSaya meM kucha paurANika vacanoM kA ullekha kreNge| brahmANDapurANa meM AyA hai ki kAzI evaM kAJcI donoM bhagavAn ziva kI do A~kheM haiM, kAJcI prasiddha vaiSNava kSetra hai, kintu yahA~ ziva kA sAnnidhya bhI hai / " bArhaspatya-sUtra ( 3 / 124 ) meM aisA ullekha hai ki kAJcI eka vikhyAta zAkta kSetra hai, aura devIbhAgavata (7/3818) meM AyA hai ki yaha annapUrNA nAmaka devIsthAna hai / vAmana0 (12/50 ) meM likhA huA hai -- puSpoM meM jAtI, nagaroM meM kAJcI, nAriyoM meM rambhA, cAra AzramoM ke vyaktiyoM meM gRhastha, puroM meM kuzasthalI evaM dezoM meM madhyadeza sarvazreSTha haiN| kAcI mandiroM evaM tIrthoM se paripUrNa hai, jinameM atyanta prasiddha haiM pallava rAjasiMha dvArA nirmita kailAsanAtha kA ziva mandira evaM viSNu kA vaikuNTha perumala mandira / prathama mandira meM kahA jAtA hai ki 1000 stambha haiN|" eka prAcIna jaina mandira bhI hai| paMDharapura mbaI pradeza meM eka ati prasiddha tIrthayAtrA-sthala hai paMDharapura / prati varSa saikar3oM sahasroM yAtrI yahA~ padhArate haiN| bambaI gajeTiyara (zolApura jilA) ne paMDharapura ke viSaya meM bahuta kucha likhA hai (jilda 20, pR0 415-482) / yaha tIrtha bahuta purAnA nahIM hai / viThobA kA tIrtha kaba avasthita huA, yaha kahanA kaThina hai, kintu 13vIM zatAbdI ke madhya bhAga meM isakA astitva thA / padma0 ( uttarakhaNDa, 176 / 56-58) ne bhImarathI ke taTa para viTThala viSNu kI mUrti kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa mUrti ke kevala do hI hAtha the aura yaha bindumAdhava ke nAma se vikhyAta thI / padma0 ke isa bhAga ke praNayana - kAla ke viSaya meM kaThinAI utpanna ho jAtI hai| aisA kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha pazcAtkAlIna kSepaka hai jo lagabhaga 1000 I0 san se Age kA nahIM ho sktaa| Adhunika paNDharapura kA nagara bhImA nadI ke dAhine taTa para avasthita hai / nagara ke madhya meM viThobA kA mandira hai, jo pavitra kahA jAtA hai / isa mandira ke pIche rakhumAI kA mandira hai / rakhumAI viThobA kI dharmapatnI thIM / viThobA ke mandira meM purohitoM evaM naukara-cAkaroM kI eka lambI jamAta hai, jinake mukhya purohitoM ko 'badve' kahA jAtA hai| badve logoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai aura ve loga eka samaya apane ko mandira ke svAmI kahane lage the / kintu bambaI ke ucca nyAyAlaya ne unheM mandira kA rakhavAlA ghoSita kiyA aura eka prabandhakAriNI samiti banA dI jo mandira kI sampatti kI rakhavAlI karatI hai| badve logoM ko chor3akara anya sevaka loga sevAdhArI kahalAte haiM, jinakI kaI zreNiyA~ haiM, yathA- pujArI (jo deva pUjA meM pradhAna sthAna rakhate haiM), benArI ( jo 49. netradvayaM mahezasya kAzIkAJcIpuradvayam / vikhyAtaM vaiSNavakSetraM zivasAMnidhyakArakam / / brahmAMDa0 (4 / 19-15) / 50. puSpeSu jAtI nagareSu kAJcI nArISu rambhAzramiNAM gRhasthaH / kuzasthalI zreSThatamA pureSu dezeSu sarveSu ca madhyadezaH // vAmana0 (12 / 50 ) / dekhie 'sAutha iNDiyana iMskripzaMsa, jilda 1, pR0 8-24, jahA~ kAJcI ke kailAsanAtha ke mandira meM chaThI zatAbdI kI pallava-lipi ke lekhoM kA varNana hai| 51. DablU0 esa0 kaMne ne apanI pustaka 'pikcareska iNDiyA' meM likhA hai ki ginane para kevala 540 stambha milate haiN|

Page #400
paMDharapura ke viTThalanAtha 1393 kRtyoM meM mantroM evaM stotroM kA uccAraNa karate haiM), paricAraka (jo eka lambI rajata sthAlI meM jala lAte haiM jisase pujArI devatA kI mUrti ko snAna karAte haiM, aura prAtaH evaM sAyaM kI AratI ke lie dIpa bhI ve hI lAte haiM), harivAsa (jo prAtaH sAyaM evaM rAtri meM deva pUjana ke samaya pA~ca zloka par3hate haiM), digre (jo prAtaHkAla, zRMgAra ke uparAnta evaM AratI ke pUrva mUrti ke samakSa darpaNa dikhAte haiM), diste ( prakAza vAhaka, jo usa samaya mazAla dikhAte haiM jaba ki rAtri ke antima kRtya samApta ho jAte haiM, aura varSa meM tIna bAra arthAt ASAr3ha evaM kArtika kI pUrNimA ko evaM dasrA rAtri ko, prakAzajulUsa meM devatA kI caTTiyoM ko Dhote haiM), vAMge ( jo prAtaH sAyaM evaM rAtri ke kRtyoM meM pArzva-koSTha ke bAhara cA~dI yA sone kI gadA pakar3e khar3A rahatA hai) / rakhumAI devI ke pujArI utpAta ke nAma se prasiddha haiM aura inake kuloM kI saMkhyA sau se Upara hai| bambaI gajeTiyara ( pR0 427-430) ne viThobA mandira kI pUjA kA savistara varNana kiyA hai, kintu sthAnAbhAva se hama aisA nahIM kara skeNge| sAratattva yaha hai ki devatA ko sarvathA mAnava kI bhAMti samajhA gayA hai unheM snAna karAnA cAhie, unakA zrRMgAra honA cAhie. unake lie saMgIta honA caahie| itanA hI nahIM, unheM thakAvaTa ko dUra karane ke lie sonA cAhie aadi| eka bAta jJAtavya hai ki dakSiNa bhArata ke anya mandiroM kI bhA~ti yahA~ gAyikAe~ evaM nartakiyoM, jo devadAsI kahalAtI haiM, nahIM pAyI jaatiiN| viTThala yA viThobA kI pratimA paune cAra phuTa lambI hai aura AdhAra ke sAtha yaha eka hI zilA se nirmita huI hai| kAlAvadhi ke kAraNa yaha khuradarI ho gayI hai| pratimA khar3I hai jisake hAtha kaTi para Azrita haiM; bAyeM hAtha meM zaMkha hai aura dAhine meM cakra / pratimA kI mekhalA para halake rUpa meM vastrAkRti hai aura vastra kA eka chora dAhinI jA~gha para laTakA huA hai| gale meM hAra hai aura kAnoM meM lambe-lambe kuNDala jo garadana ko chUte haiN| sira para golAkAra TopI hai| yAtrI loga pahale pratimA kA AliMgana karate the aura usake pairoM kA sparza karate the, kintu san 1873 ke uparAnta aba kevala caraNasparza mAtra hotA hai| bambaI gajeTiyara (jilda 20, pR0 431 ) meM aisA likhita hai ki musalamAna AkrAmakoM evaM vAdazAhoM se rakSA karane ke lie pratimA vibhinna samayoM meM kaI sthAnoM para le jAyI gayI thii| viThobA ke mandira se lagabhaga 500 gaja pUrva puNDalIka kA mandira hai, jo paMDharapura ke pUjA-mandiroM meM eka hai| isa mandira meM koI deva-pratimA nahIM hai| yahA~ viTThala ke mahAn bhakta puNDalIka ne apane antima dina bitAye the aura yahIM mRtyu ko prApta bhI huaa| puNDalIka sambhavataH paNDarapura kA koI brAhmaNa thA, jo Arambhika avasthA meM akartavyazIla thaa| usane apane mAtA-pitA ke sAtha durvyavahAra kiyaa| usane rohidAsa nAmaka mocI kI kartavyazIlatA dekhakara pazcAttApa kiyA aura eka mahAn kartavyazIla putra bana gyaa| aisI janazruti hai ki svayaM viTThala deva usake yahA~ Aye / viThobA evaM puNDalIka eka-dUsare ke sAtha isa prakAra saMyojita ho gaye haiM ki sabhI yAtrI bhojana karane ke pUrva yA anya avasaroM para 'puNDalIka varade hari viTThala' kahakara jayaghoSa karate haiM / puNDalIka kI kathA ke lie dekhie bambaI gajeTiyara (jilda 20, pR0 432-433) / paTharapura meM kaI eka prasiddha mandira haiM, yathA-- viSNupada, triyambakezvara, candrabhAgA, janAbAI kI koTarI Adi, jinakA varNana yahA~ nahIM kiyA jaaygaa| bhImA nadI paSTharapura kI sImA ke bhItara candrabhAgA kahalAtI hai aura isameM snAna karane se pApa kaTa jAte haiN| viThobA mandira ke viSaya meM kaI eka prazna uThAye gaye haiM, yathA-- viThobA kI pratimA kaba banI, vartamAna pratimA prAcIna hI hai yA dUsarI, paNTharapura kA prAcIna nAma kyA hai aura viTThala kI vyutpatti kyA hai ?52 pratimA ke prati 52. isa viSaya meM dekhie zolApura gajeTiyara (bambaI gajeTiyara, jilda 20); iNDiyana hisTaoNrikala kvArTaralI

Page #401
1394 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa SThApana kAla ke viSaya meM nizcita rUpa se kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / beNDigera ke tAmrapatra (san 1249 I0 ) meM paNDharapura ko bhImarathI nadI para sthita pauNDarIkakSetra kahA gayA hai (iNDiyana eNTIkverI, jilda 14, pR0 68-75 ) evaM viThobA ko viSNu kahA gayA hai / aura dekhie DA0 Ara0 jI0 bhaNDArakara kRta 'vaiSNavijma, zaivijma Adi' ( pR0 88) evaM 'hisTrI Ava di Dakana' (dvitIya saMskaraNa, pR0 115 - 116), bambaI gajeTiyara (jilda 20, pR0 419-420 ) / vivecanoM se niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki paNDharapura ko kannar3a loga 'paNDarAge' ke nAma se pukArate the aura isakA eka nAma 'pANDaraMgapallI' bhI thaa| rASTrakUTa rAjA avidheya ne jayadviTTha nAmaka brAhmaNa ko dAna kiyA thA, sambhavataH isI 'viTTha' se Age 'viTThala' nAma pdd'aa| gopAlAcAryakRta 'viTThalabhUSaNa' nAmaka grantha meM hemAdri (tIrtha) se gyAraha zloka uddhRta haiM, jinakA sArAMza yoM hai--bhaimI nadI ke dakSiNa taTa para sarvotkRSTa tIrtha upasthita hai aura vahA~ eka bhavya pratimA hai, isa sthala ko pauNDarIka kSetra kahA jAtA hai aura isa kSetra meM pANDuraMga nAmaka sarvazreSTha deva kI pUjA hotI hai| yaha puSkara se tigunA, kedAra se chaH gunA evaM vArANasI se dasagunA pavitra hai / dvAparayuga ke anta meM 28veM kalpa meM puNDarIka ne yahA~ kaThina tapa kiyA aura vaha apane mAtA-pitA ke prati ati bhaktipravaNa thA / govardhana parvata para gAyoM ko carAne vAle kRSNa usakI pitRbhakti se ati prasanna ho gye| hemAdri ke grantha kI racanA lagabhaga san 1260-1270 I0 meM huI thI aura isake zloka skandapurANa se uddhRta haiM, ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki paNDharapura una dinoM eka tIrtha thA, puNDarIka ('puNDalIka' jo marAThI rUpa hai) bhI taba prasiddha ho cukA thA aura viThobA kI pratimA bhI usa samaya upasthita thI / 15vIM zatAbdI meM paNDharapura ati pavitra mAnA jAtA thA, kyoMki caitanya evaM vallabha nAmaka vaiSNava AcArya yahA~ padhAre the (dekhie pro0 es0 ke0 de kRta 'vaiSNava phetha eNDa mUvameNTa ina beMgAla,' pR0 71, evaM maNilAla sI0 parikha kRta 'zrI vallabhAcArya' pR0 56-59) / jaisA ki pahale hI saMketa kiyA jA cukA hai, pratimA kaI bAra yahA~ se anyatra le jAyI gayI aura punaH yahIM lAyI gyii| zrI khare mahodaya ne madhya kAla ke saMskRta, marAThI evaM kannar3a lekhakoM ke vacanoM ko uddhRta karake yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki pratimA prAcIna nahIM hai aura 17vIM zatAbdI meM bhI yaha nahIM thI, kyoMki santa tukArAma kI kavitA meM varNita pratimA vizeSatAoM se Aja kI pratimA- vizeSatAe~ mela nahIM khAtIM / kintu yaha niSkarSa zuddha nahIM hai, kyoMki isakA AdhAra saMketa mAtra hai aura pratimA itanI Ubar3a-khAbar3a evaM ghisa gayI hai ki isa para ve vastra-cihna Adi spaSTa nahIM ho pAte aura unake AdhAra para nikAle gaye niSkarSa sandeha utpanna kara dete haiN| yadi yaha mAna liyA jAya ki pratimA kA sthAnAntaraNa kaI bAra huA thA, to bhI yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki yaha terahavIM zatAbdI yA usake pahale kI nahIM hai / pratimA ko kaI nAmoM se pukArA jAtA hai, yathA- pANDuraMga, paMDharI, viTThala viTThalanAtha evaM viThobA / prAkRta meM viSNu ko vi, viSNu, veNDu, veTha Adi kahA jAtA hai| kannar3a meM viSNu ke kaI rUpa haiM, yathA-- viTTI, viTTIga, viTTa Adi / nAmoM ke parivartana prAkRta evaM kannar3a ke vyAkaraNoM ke niyamoM kA pAlana nahIM karate / zrI e0 ke0 priyolkara ne 'bhagata nAmadeva Ava di sikhsa' nAmaka apane vidvattApUrNa lekha (bambaI vizvavidyAlaya kA jarnala, 1938, pR0 24) meM batAyA hai ki sikkhoM ke Adi granthastha, nAmadeva ke bhajanoM meM bhagavAn ko 'bIThala' yA 'biThalu' kahA gayA hai, narasiMha mehatA ( jilda 11, pR0 771-778); DA0 kRSNa kA AryAlAjikala sarve riporTsa Ava maisUra ( san 1929, 10 197-210) /

Page #402
viTThalanAtha ko prAcInatA evaM unake vArakarI bhakta 1395 kI gujarAtI kavitAoM evaM mIrA kI kavitAoM yA bhajanoM meM bhagavAn ko 'viTThala' kahA gayA hai aura santoM dvArA sambodhita 'viTThala' viSNu haiM, paNDharapura ke devatA nahIM haiN| viTThala-RGamantrasArabhASya ke lekhaka vidvAn kAzInAtha upAdhyAya ne 'viTThala' zabda kI vyutpatti yoM kI hai--vit +8+la-'vit vedanaM jJAnaM tena ThAH zUnyAstAn lAti svIkaroti / ' kSetra ke nAma ke viSaya meM aisA kahA jA sakatA hai ki Arambhika rUpa meM yaha kannar3a meM 'paNDarage' kahA jAtA thA jo saMskRta meM pANDuraMga' ho gyaa| jaba viTThala ke bhakta puNDalIka prasiddha ho gaye to yaha tIrthasthala puNDarIkapura (kUrmapurANa) evaM pauNDarIkapura (skandapurANa) ke nAma se vikhyAta ho gyaa| paNDharapura ke yAtriyoM ko do koTiyoM meM bA~TA jA sakatA hai; sadA AnevAle tathA avasara-vizeSa para aanevaale| prathama prakAra yA koTi ke logoM ko 'vArakarI' (jo nizcita samaya se Ate haiM) kahA jAtA hai| ye vArakarI loga do prakAra ke hote haiM; prati mAsa AnevAle tathA varSa meM do bAra (ASAr3ha zukla evaM kArtika zukla kI ekAdazI ko) aanevaale| vArakarI logoM ne jAti-saMkIrNatA kA eka prakAra se tyAga kara diyA hai| brAhmaNa vArakarI zUdra vArakarI ke caraNoM para giratA hai| sabhI vArakariyoM ko kucha niyamoM kA pAlana karanA par3atA hai (dekhie bambaI gajeTiyara, jilda 20, pR0 471) / unheM tulasI kI mAlA pahananI par3atI hai, mAMsa-bhakSaNa chor3a denA par3atA hai, ekAdazI ko upavAsa karanA hotA hai, geruve raMga kI patAkA DhonI par3atI hai aura dainika vyavasAyoM meM satya bolanA evaM pravaJcanArahita honA par3atA hai| kucha loga aisA kahate haiM ki viThobA kI pratimA bauddha yA jaina hai| kintu isa bAta ke lie koI pramANa nahIM hai| jaba ekanAtha evaM tukArAma jaise kavi evaM santa viThobA ko bauddhAvatAra kahate haiM to ve apane mana meM viSNu ho rakhate haiM, kyoMki purANoM evaM madhya kAla ke lekhakoM ne buddha ko navA~ avatAra mAnA hai| Aja ke hinduoM ko tIrthoM evaM tIrtha-yAtrA ke viSaya meM kaisI bhAvanA rakhanI cAhie, isa viSaya meM hama saMkSepa meM agale adhyAya ke anta meM kheNge| 103

Page #403
adhyAya 16 tIrthoM kI sUcI jo tIrtha-tAlikA hama upasthita karane jA rahe haiM vaha dharmazAstra ke dRSTikoNa ke anusAra hai, na ki vaha bhArata ke prAcIna bhUgola para koI nibandha hai| hama una dezoM evaM nagariyoM kA varNana nahIM kareMge jinakI tIrtha rUpa meM koI mahattA nahIM hai| yahA~ tIrtha-sambandhI bauddha evaM jaina granthoM kI ora koI viziSTa saMketa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| bahuta-se purANoM ne jambU dvIpa evaM bhAratavarSa ke atirikta bahuta-se dvIpoM evaM varSoM ke parvatoM, nadiyoM Adi ke nAma diye haiM, yathA--harivarSa, ramyaka varSa, sumeru, krauMcadvIpa, zAlmalI dvIpa, kintu sUcI se inheM nikAla diyA gayA hai| brahmapurANa (26 / 8-83) ne lagabhaga 520 tIrthoM kA saMkalana kiyA hai, kintu unake sthAnoM kI ora bahuta kama saMketa kiyA hai aura yahI bAta bhISmaparva (adhyAya 9) meM ullikhita lagabhaga 160 nadiyoM ke viSaya meM bhI dekhI jAtI hai| isI prakAra garur3a. (1381 / 1-31) evaM papa0 (6 / 129) ne krama se lagabhaga 200 evaM 108 tIrthoM ke nAma diye haiN| kevala vArANasI ke lagabhaga 350 upatIrthoM ke nAma yahA~ upasthita kiye gaye haiN| kintu kevala vArANasI meM lagabhaga 1500 tIrtha evaM mandira haiN| pratyeka bar3e tIrtha meM kaI upatIrtha pAye jAte haiM, yathA mathurA (varAhapurANa), gautamI (brahmapurANa) evaM gayA (vAyupurANa) meN| bahata-se tIrtha asAvadhAnI ke kAraNa yA anajAna meM chaTa bhI gaye hoMge aura bahatoM ko jAna-bUjhakara chor3a diyA gayA hai| bahuta-se tIrtha aise haiM jo Aja pavitra mAne jAte haiM, kintu rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata evaM purANoM meM unakI carcA nahIM huI hai, unheM bhI hamane isa sUcI meM nahIM rakhA hai| toryoM ke sthAna evaM vistAra ke viSaya meM hamAre grantha bahudhA aspaSTa rahe haiN| bahuta-se tIrtha aise haiM jo eka hI nAma ke rUpa meM bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM bikhare par3e haiM (dekhie agnitIrtha, koTitIrtha, cakratIrtha, varAhatIrtha,somatIrtha ke antrgt)| tIrthoM kI sUcI ke lekhana meM hameM kaniMghama kRta 'aiMzyeNTa jiyographI Ava iNDiyA' evaM nandalAla de kRta 'di jiyA~praiphikala DikzanarI Ava aiMzyeMTa eNDa meDievela iNDiyA' (1927) se prabhUta sahAyatA milI hai| hameM ina granthoM, vizeSataH antima grantha se bhinnatA bhI prakaTa karanI par3I hai| kintu sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa varNana meM vistAra nahIM kiyA jA sakA hai| zrI de ne bahuta bar3A kArya kiyA hai, kintu inhoMne prAcIna granthoM kA vizeSa sahArA liyA hai aura vistRta kSetra para dRSTi nahIM DAlI hai| kahIM-kahIM to inhoMne pramANa bhI nahIM diye haiM, yathA cakratIrtha ke viSaya meM (pR. 43) / saMketoM ke viSaya meM ye aspaSTa haiM evaM zlokoM kA uddharaNa bhI nahIM dete aura na granthoM kI ora viziSTa saMketa hI krte| inhoMne bahuta-se tIrtha chor3a bhI diye haiM, ythaa-dshaashvmedhik| kahIM-kahIM ye truTipUrNa bhI haiN| jo loga ukta anya ko sUcI par3heMge unheM zrI de kI asAvadhAnI apane-Apa spaSTa ho jaaygii| rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata evaM purANoM ke gambhIra adhyayana ke uparAnta yaha sUcI upasthita kI gayI hai| kintu tIrtha-sambandhI sabhI saMketa nahIM diye gaye haiM, kyoMki aisA na karane se yaha grantha AkAra meM bahuta bar3ha jaataa| kintu itanA kahanA ucita hI hai ki jo kucha yahAM kahA gayA hai vaha paryApta hai aura abhI taka anya kisI lekhaka ne aisA nahIM kiyA hai| Age ke lekhaka isa sUcI ko aura bar3hA sakate haiN| kazmIra ke tIrtha bhI yahAM sammilita kiye gaye haiM aura nIlamatapurANa, rAjataraMgiNI evaM haracaritacintAmaNi kI ora saMketa kiye gaye haiN| dekhie DA0 buhalara kRta kazmIra

Page #404
tI sUcI kI upakramaNikA 1397 riporTa (1877), sTIna dvArA anUdita rAjataraMgiNI kI TippaNI aura unakA 'aiMzyeNTa jiyaoNgraphI Ava kazmIra' vAlA abhilekha, jo pRthak rUpa se chapA hai aura kalhaNa ke grantha ke anuvAda ke dUsare bhAga ke sAtha bhI chapA / sabhI tIrtha saMskRta (devanAgarI) varNamAlA ke anukrama ke sAtha ullikhita kiye gaye haiN| mahAbhArata ke saMketa bambaI vAle saMskaraNa ke anusAra diye gaye haiM / rAmAyaNa ke saMketAMka 1 se 7 taka krama se bAla, ayodhyA, araNya, kiSkindhA, sundara, yuddha evaM uttara nAmaka kANDoM ke lie Aye haiN| isake saMketa madrAsa lA jarnala presa (1933) vAle saMskaraNa ke anusAra diye gaye haiN| purANoM meM agni0, brahma0, brahmavaivarta0, matsya0, vAyu evaM padma ke AnandAzrama saMskaraNoM kA saMketa diyA gayA hai kintu anya mahApurANoM ke saMketa veMkaTezvara presa vAle saMskaraNoM ke anusAra haiM, kevala nRsiMhapurANa evaM bhAgavatapurANa ke saMketa krama se gopAla nArAyaNa eNDa kampanI evaM nirNayasAgara presa ke saMskaraNoM se rakhe gaye haiN| skandapurANa ne kucha kaThinAI utpanna kara dI hai| isake lagabhaga 90 sahasra zlokoM kA avagAhana nahIM kiyA jA sakA hai, kintu kAzIkhaNDa evaM kucha anya khaNDoM ke saMketa bhalI bhA~ti upasthita kiye jA sake haiN| skanda0 kI do pRthakpRthak zAkhAe~ haiM aura isake adhikatara aMza pazcAtkAlIna evaM saMdigdha pramANa vAle haiN| mAhezvara khaNDa evaM vaiSNava, brAhma, kAzI, Avantya, nAgara, prabhAsa nAmaka khaNDa 1 se 7 kI saMkhyA meM vyakta haiM aura upa-vibhAga dUsare rUpa meM / upavibhAga ke bhI kaI prakAra yathA pUrvArdha evaM uttarArdhaM / jahA~ taka sambhava ho sakA hai tIrthoM ke sthala batA diye gaye haiN| prAcInatA evaM itihAsa ke lie zilAlekhoM evaM anya utkIrNa lekhoM kA bhI havAlA de diyA gayA hai| kalhaNa ko chor3akara anya mukhya saMskRta grantha hvenasA~ga, alabarUnI evaM abula phajala kI bhA~ti utane spaSTa nahIM haiN| jahA~ ThIka se patA nahIM cala sakA hai vahA~ kevala granthoM ke vacanoM kI ora saMketa kara diyA gayA hai aura kahIM-kahIM kaniMghama, de, pAjiTara Adi ke mata de diye gaye haiM / soreMsana kI 'iNDeksa Ava di mahAbhArata', mekaDonela evaM kItha kI vedika iNDeksa kA havAlA katipaya sthaloM para diyA gayA hai / impIriyala gajeTiyara evaM bambaI gajeTiyara se bhI sahAyatA lI gayI hai| mArkaNDeyapurANa kA pArjiTara vAlA anuvAda, viSNupurANa kA vilasana vAlA anuvAda, DA0 bI0 so0 lA kA 'mAuNTena evaM rIvarsa Ava iNDiyA' nAmaka lekha ( jarnala Ava di DipArTameNTa Ava leTarsa, kalakattA yUnirvAsaTI, jilda 28), DA0 hemacandra rAyacaudharI kA 'sTaDIz2a ina iNDiyana eNTIkviTIja' (1932) Adi bhalI bhA~ti uddhRta kiye gaye haiN| pro0 vI0 Ara0 rAmacandra dIkSitAra ne 'di purANa iNDeksa' nAmaka eka upayogI grantha prakAzita kiyA hai, jisameM bhAgavata0, brahmANDa0, matsya0, vAyu0 evaM viSNu 0 se sAmagriyAM lI gayI haiM / kintu isameM bhI katipaya sthaloM para truTipUrNa bAteM dI gayI haiM / isa tIrtha sUcI se purANoM kI pArasparika prAcInatA, kaI saMskRta-pranthoM ke kAla-nirdhAraNa evaM purANoM dvArA eka-dUsare evaM mahAbhArata se uddharaNa dene ke praznoM para prakAza par3egA /

Page #405
tIrtha sUcI meM prayukta saMkSipta saMketa a0 ci0- hemacandra kI abhidhAnacintAmaNi ( bohalliMga ke dvArA sampAdita, 1847) / anu0 -- mahAbhArata kA anuzAsanaparva / ala0 - DA0 I0 sI0 sau dvArA anUdita alabarUnI kA bhArata do jilda (1886, laMdana ) / A0 aka0 -- abula phajala kRta AIne akabarI, tIna jildoM meM blocamaina evaM jareMTa dvArA anUdita / Adi0 - mahAbhArata kA Adiparva / A0 sa0 iNDi0 AyalAjikala sarve Ava iNDiyA riporTa / i0 gaje0 i0 - impIriyala gajeTiyara Ava iNDiyA / u0 yA udyoga udyogaparva / aiM0 i0 megasthanIja evaM eriana dvArA varNita aiMzyeNTa iNDiyA (maik kriNDila ) / aiM0ji0 - kaniMghama kI aiMzyeNTa jiyAgraphI Ava iNDiyA (1871 ) / kA0 iM0 iM0 - kArpasa iMskripzanam iNDikeram; jilda 1, iMskripzaMsa Ava azoka, jilda 3 / ka0ri0 buhalara kI kazmIra riporTa / kAli0 - kAlikApurANa / 10 kU0 yA kUrma0 - kUrmapurANa / ga0 yA garuDa0-garuDapurANa / go0 yA godA0 - godAvarI nadI / ja0 u0 pra0 hi0 so0 --- jarnala Ava di yUnAiTeDa prArviseja hisTArikala sosAiTI / tIrthapra0 - mitra mizra kA tIrthaprakAza ( vIramitrodaya kA eka bhAga) | tI0 ka0 tIrthoM para kalpataru / tIrthasA0 - tIrthasAra ( sarasvatIbhavana prakAzana, banArasa ) / de - nandalAla de kRta jiyApraiphikala DikzanarI oNva iNDiyA (1927) / nA0 yA nAradIya0 nAradIyapurANa yA bRhannAradIya nI0 ma0 yA nIlamata0--pro0 bhagavaddatta dvArA sampAdita nIlamatapurANa / nR0 yA nRsiMha0 nRsiMha yA narasiMhapurANa / pa0 yA padma0 padmapurANa / pahA 0 pahAr3I | pA0 - pAjiTara dvArA TippaNI ke sAtha anUdita mArkaNDeyapurANa | ba0 ga0 yA bambaI gaje0 - bAmbe gajeTiyara / bArha 0 sU0 - bArhaspatyasUtra, DA0 eph0 DablU0 TaoNmasa dvArA sampAdita / bRhatsaMhitA yA bR0 saM0 -- utpala kI TIkA ke sAtha bRhatsaMhitA, sudhAkara dvivedI dvArA sampAdita /

Page #406
brahma0 - brahmapurANa / brahmave0 brahmavaivarta purANa / brahmANDapurANa / brahmANDa 0 bhavi0 - bhaviSyapurANa / bhA0 yA bhAga0 --- bhAgavatapurANa / bhI0 yA bhISma0 - mahAbhArata kA bhISmaparva / matsya 0 - matsyapurANa / ma0 bhA0- mahAbhArata / mahAbhA0 - pataJjali kA mahAbhASya (kIlahAna dvArA sampAdita, tIna jildoM meM ) / mArka 0 - mArkaNDeyapurANa / o rA0 yA rAja0 - rAjataraMgiNI (DA0 sTIna dvArA sampAdita evaM anUdita ) / rAmA0 - rAmAyaNa / liMga0 - liMgapurANa | vana0 - vanaparva | varAha0 - varAhapurANa / vAma0 yA vAmana0 - vAmanapurANa / vAyu0 -- trAyupurANa / vArA0-- vArANasI / saMkSipta saMketa vikra0 yA vikramAMka0 -- vilhaNa kA vikramAMkadevacarita ( buhalara dvArA sampAdita ) / vi0 dha0 pu0 viSNudharmottara purANa / vi0 dha0 sU0 - viSNudharmasUtra (jaoNlI dvArA sampAdita ) / vilasana - viSNupurANa kA anuvAda (DA0 hAla dvArA sampAdita, 1864-1877) / viSNu - viSNupurANa / 0 zalya 0 -- zalyaparva | zAnti sabhA0- sabhAparva | zAntiparva / skanda 0 - skandapurANa / sTona 0 yA sTIna- smRti-sTInsa memAyara, kazmIra ke prAcIna bhaugolika mAnacitra para / ha0 ci0 - jayaratha ko haracaritacintAmaNi ( kAvyamAlA saMskaraNa ) / 1399

Page #407
tIrthasUcI aMzumatI-(nadI) R0 8196 / 13-15 (jisa para agastyasara-vana0 82 / 44 / yaha jJAtavya hai ki agastya kRSNa nAmaka asura rahatA thaa)| bRhaddevatA (63110) tamila bhASA ke vikhyAta lekhaka tathA tamila bhASA ke ke anusAra yaha kuru deza meM thI; rAmA0 2 / 55 / 6 sabase prAcIna vyAkaraNa-grantha 'tolkAppiyam' ke kartA (yamunA ke niktt)| haiN| dekhie jarnala Ava raoNyala eziyATika sosAiTI, akrUra-(mathurA ke antargata) varAha0 155 / 4-5 (mathurA jilda 19, pR0 558-559 (nayI maalaa)| evaM vRndAvana ke bIca meM eka tiirth)| agassyAzrama-dekhie de kA grantha (pR0 2) jahA~ aise 8 akSayyakaraNa vaTa-(prayAga meM) kaniMghama kRta aiM0 ji0 / sthAnoM kA ullekha hai kintu koI pramANa nahIM diyA pRSTha 389 / vana0 87 / 11, padma0 6 / 25 / 7-8 (aisA huA hai; (1) (durjayA nadI para) vana0 9631 kahA gayA hai ki kalpa ke anta meM viSNu isake patra para (jahA~ vAtApi rAkSasa agastya dvArA mArA gayA thA); sote haiN)| (2) vi0 dha0 sU0 85 / 29, padma0 111214, vana0 akSayyavaTa-(1) (gayA meM viSNupada se lagabhaga Adhe 19 / 198 (puSkara ke pAsa); (3) (prayAga ke pAsa) mIla kI dUrI para) vana0 84183, 85 / 14; vAyu0 vana0 87 / 20; (4) (gokarNa ke pAsa)vana0 88118; 105 / 45, 109 / 16, 111179-82 (ja (5) (sutIkSNAzrama se lagabhaga 5 yojana para janasthAna vizva jalamagna ho jAtA hai usa samaya viSNu zizu evaM paMcavaTI ke pAsa) rAmAyaNa 312139-42, raghuvaMza ke rUpa meM isake anta bhAga para sote rahate haiN)| agni0 13036 / nagara jile meM pravarA nadI ke Age akolA 115 / 70, pama0 1138 / 2; (2) (vindhya kI ora grAma meM koI prAcIna agastya-sthala nahIM hai; (6) godAvarI ke antargata) brahma 161166-67; (3) (pANDya deza meM samudra ke pAsa) Adi0 216 // 3, (narmadA para) brahmavaivarta0 3, a0 33, 30-32 / yahA~ 88013, 11814, 1306-yaha pAMca nArItIrthoM meM pulastya ne tapa kiyA thaa| eka hai ; (7-8) rAmA0 4141 / 16 (malaya para) evaM akSavAla-(kazmIra ke kuTahara nAmaka paragane kI sImA bhAgavata0 1079 / 167 / para sthita setu ke pazcimI bhAga kA Adhunika achabala agastyezvara-(1) (narmadA ke antargata) matsya. nAmaka eka vizAla prAma) rAjataraMgiNI 11338, 19115; (2) (vArANasI meM liMga) liMga0 (tIrthasTIna kA smRtigrantha (pR0 180) / isameM pAMca jharane kalpataru, pR0 116) / haiN| nIlamatapurANa meM 'akSipAla' nAma AyA hai| agnikuNDa-(sarasvatI para) vAma0 51152, varAha. agastyakuNDa-- (vArANasI meN)| (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 215) / agastyatIrtha-(pANDya deza meM) vana0 88113 // agnitIrtha-(1) (yamunA ke dakSiNI taTa para) matsya0 agastyapada-(gayA ke antargata) agni0 116 // 3, 108 / 27, pama0 1145 / 27; (2) (vArANasI ke vAyu0 111153 / antargata) kUrma0 1135 / 7, pana0 113717; (3) agastyavaTa-Adi0 215 / 2 / (godAvarI ke antargata) brahma0 9851; (4) (sara

Page #408
tIrthasUcI svatI para ) zalya0 47 / 13-14, padma0 1127/27; (5) ( sAbhramatI ke uttarI taTa para ) padma0 6 / 134 / 1; (6) ( kubjAmraka ke antargata ) varAha0 126 / 63 / agnidhArA - ( gayA ke antargata ) vana 0 841146, agni0 116 / 31 / agnipura - anu0 35143 | de ( pR0 2) ke mata se yaha mAhiSmatI hai| dekhie raghuvaMza 6 / 42 / agniprabha -- ( gaNDakI ke antargata ) varAha0 145 15255 (isakA jala jAr3e meM garma aura grISma meM ThaNDA rahatA hai) / agnizira - ( yamunA para ) vana0 90 / 5-7 / agnisatyapada -- ( badarI ke antargata ) varAha0 141 / 7 / agnisara -- (1) (kokAmukha ke antargata ) varAha0 140 / 34-36; (2) ( lohArgala ke antargata ) varAha0 151 / 52 / agnIzvara - ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tIrthakalpa0, pR0 66, 71) 1 aghorezvara - ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tIrtha kalpataru, pR0 60 ) / akuzezvara - ( narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 194 / 1 / akolA -- ( narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 (1911118 122) dvArA ati prazaMsita / sambhavataH bhaDoca jile kA Adhunika nagara aMkalezvara / aiM0 ji0 ( pR0 322 ) ne narmadA ke bAyeM taTa para aMkalesara ko akrUrezvara kahA hai| dekhie iNDiyana eNTIkverI, ji0 54, pR0 11-12 / aGgabhUta- ( pitaroM kA eka tIrtha) matsya0 22 / 51 / aGgArakuNDa - ( vArANasI ke antargata ) tI0 ka0, pR0 56 aGgAravAhika - matsya0 22 / 35 / aGgArakezvara - (1) ( gayA ke antargata) agni0 116 / 29; (2) ( narmadA ke antargata ) kUrma 0 2 / 41 / 6 / aGgArezvara - (1) (vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 // kalpa 0 ) pR0 55 evaM 98; (2) ( narmadA ke antargata ) matsya0 19019, padma0 1 / 17 / 6 / aGgAreza - ( narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 191 / 1 ( sambhavataH Upara vaalaa)| 140 1 acalA - ( kazmIra meM nadI) ha0 ci0 10 256 (anantahRda evaM karkoTahada ke pAsa ) / acalezvara - liMga0 1 / 92 / 165 / aciravatI - ( sarayU meM milane vAlI nadI ) milindaprazna meM varNita dasa mahAn nadiyoM meM eka (saM0 bu0 I0, ji0 35, pR0 171) / avadha meM yaha rAptI ke nAma se vikhyAta hai aura isa para zrAvastI avasthita thI, varAha0 214 / 47 / acchodaka - ( candraprabhA pahAr3I kI upatyakA meM eka jhIla) vAyu0 47 / 5-6 evaM 77-76, matsya0 14 / 3 evaM 1217, brahmANDa 0 3 / 13 / 77 / acchodA -- ( acchodaka jhIla se nikalI huI nadI ) matsya0 1217, vAyu0 47 / 6, brahmANDa0 2118/6 evaM 3 / 13 / 80 / acyutasthala --- vAma0 34 / 47 | dekhie yugandhara / ajatuGga -- vAyu0 77148 ( yahA~ zrAddha ati puNyakArI mAnA jAtA hai aura yahA~ parva ke dinoM meM devoM kI chAyA dekhI jAtI hai) / ajabila - (zrIparvata ke antargata) liMga0 1 / 92 / 153 / ajiravatI - ( eka nadI ), pANini 6 / 3 / 119 / sambhavataH yaha aciravatI nadI hai / ajezvara - ( vArANasI meM eka liMga) liMga 0 1 92 / 136 / aJjalikAzrama - anu0 25 / 52 / aJjana--- (brahmagiri ke pAsa eka parvata, godAvarI ke antargata) brahma0 84|2| dekhie paizAca tIrtha ke antata; bRhatsaMhitA ( 14/5 ) kA kathana hai ki aJjana pUrva meM eka parvata hai| aJjasI (nadI) R0 1 / 104|4| aTTahAsa -- (1) (himAlaya meM ) vAyu0 23 / 192; (2) ( pitaroM kA tIrtha) matsya0 22/68; (3) ( vArANasI meM eka liMga) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 147) / atibala - ( satArA jile meM mahAbalezvara ) padma0 6 / 113 / 29 / anIzvara - ( vArANasI ke antargata ) tI0 kalpa0, pR0 43 /

Page #409
1402 adititIrtha - ( gayA ke antargata ) nAradIyapurANa 2 / 40 / 90 / ananta - bArhaspatya sUtra ( 3 / 120 ) ke mata se yaha vaiSNava kSetra hai / brahmANDa0 3 / 13 / 58 | dharmazAstra kA itihAsa anantatIrtha -- ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 1551 | anantanAga - ( puNyodA se dUra nahIM) nIlamata0 1401 2 / Ajakala yaha islAmAbAda ke nAma se prasiddha hai aura kazmIra meM mArtaNDa paThAra ke pazcimI bhAga para sthita hai| sTIna kI smRti, pR0 178 / anantazayana - ( trAvaNakora meM padmanAbha ) padma0 6 | 11018, 6 / 280 / 19 / amantabhavana --- ise anantahRda bhI kahA jAtA hai| haracaritacintAmaNi 10 / 253 evaM 256 / aba yaha kazmIra meM vitastA ke madhya meM mANDavAvartanAga se eka kosa para anantanAga ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| anaraka - (1) (kurukSetra ke antargata ) vAma0 41 / 22-24; (2) ( narmadA ke antargata) matsya 0 193 / 1-3, kUrma0 2 / 41 / 91-92; ( 3 ) ( yamunA ke pazcima ) dharmarAjatIrthaM bhI isakA nAma hai| kUrma0 39/5, padma0 1 27156 / anarakezvara - ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 apsareza - (narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 193 / 16, padma0 1 / 21 / 16, kUrma0 2 / 42 / 24 / kalpa0, pR0 113) / anasUyAliGga -- (goprekSa ke uttara, vArANasI ke antargata) apsaroyugasaMgama - ( godA0 ke antargata) brahma0 147 / 1 / liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 42 ) / abjaka - - ( godA0 meM) brahma0 129 / 137 ( yaha godAvarI kA hRdaya yA madhya hai) / amaraka haba - ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 anAzaka - varAha0 215189 / anitA - (nadI) R0 5153 / 9 / anUpA - (RkSavAn pahAr3a se nikalI huI nadI) brahmANDa 0 21161281 antikezvara - ( vArANasI ke antargata ) nAradIya0 2149 / 6-9 / andha - ( eka nada) bhAgavata0 5 / 19 / 18, devIbhAgavata 8 / 11 / 16 ( andhazoNI mahAnadI ) / de0 ( pR0 7 evaM 47) kA kahanA hai ki yaha cAndana yA andhelA nadI hai jo bhAgalapura meM gaMgA meM milatI hai| andhakeza- ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMgapurANa (tI0 kalpa 0 ) / andhona - ( narmadA ke antargata) padma0 1 / 19 / 110-113 / annakUTa --- ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 164 / 10 evaM 22- 32 ( govardhana ko annakUTa kahA jAtA thA ) / anyataH - plakSa -- ( kurukSetra meM eka kamala kI jhIla kA nAma ) zatapatha brA0, saikreDa buka Ava di IsTa, jilda 44, pR0 70 / aparanandA - (hemakUTa ke pAsa) Adi0 215 / 7, 11011, anu0 166 / 28 | de ( pR0 9) kA kathana hai ki yaha alakanandA hI hai / apAMprapatana-- anu0 25|28| apsaras - kuNDa - ( mathurA evaM govardhana ke antargata ) varAha0 164 / 19 / antakezvara - ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 75) / antarvedi - (gaMgA aura yamunA ke madhya kI pavitra bhUmi ) skanda0 1|1|17|274 - 275 ( jahA~ vRtra ko mArane ke kAraNa brahmahatyA girI ) / antazilA - ( vindhya se nikalI huI nadI) vAyu0 45/203 / kalpa0, pR0 53 ) / amarakaNTaka - (madhyapradeza ke vilAsapura jile meM parvata ) dekhie pUrva adhyAya, narmadA tIrtha / vAyu0 77 / 10-16 evaM 15-16, vi0 0 sU0 85 / 6 ne isa parvata para zrAddha kI bar3I prazaMsA kI hai| matsya0 188 / 79, padma0 1 / 15/68-69 kA kathana hai ki ziva dvArA jalAye gaye bANa ke tIna puroM meM dUsarA isI parvata para girA thA / kUrma0 2/40/36 ( sUrya aura candra ke grahaNoM ke samaya yahA~ kI yAtrA puNyadAyinI samajhI jAtI hai) /

Page #410
tIrthasUcI amarakezvara- ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 53) / amareza - (1) ( narmadA para ) matsya0 18612; (2) ( vArANasI meM eka liMga) liMga0 1 / 92 / 37 / amarezvara - (1) (niSadha parvata para ) vAma0 (tI0 kalpa0 pR0 236); (2) (zrIparvata ke antargata) liMga0 1 / 92 / 151; (3) nIlamata0 1535; rAja0 1267 ( amaranAtha kI prasiddha guphA kI yAtrA, jahA~ ziva himakhaNDa ke liMga ke rUpa meM pUjita hote haiM), yaha yAtrA kazmIra meM atyanta pracalita hai| AIne akabarI, jilda 2 pR0 360 ne isakA varNana kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki amAvasa ke bAda 15 dinoM taka pratimA bar3hatI jAtI hai aura kSIyamANa candra ke sAtha ghaTatI jAtI hai| amohaka - ( narmadA ke antargata ) matsya0 1911105, padma0 1 / 18 / 96-99 (tapezvara isI nAma se pukAre gaye the aura vahA~ ke prastarakhaNDa hAthiyoM ke barAbara hote the / ambarISezvara - ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 118 ) / ambAjanma -- ( saraka ke pUrva meM ) vana0 83 / 81 ( yaha ariSTakuNDa - ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 164 / 30 ( jahA~ para ariSTa mArA gayA thA) / aruNa - ( kailAsa ke pazcima kA parvata jahA~ ziva rahate haiM) vAyu0 47 / 17-18, brahmANDa0 2 / 18 / 18 / aruNA - ( 1 ) ( pRthUdaka ke pAsa sarasvatI evaM dRSadvatI ke bIca kI nadI) zalya0 43 / 30-35 / sarasvatI ne rAkSasoM ko pApoM se mukta karane ke lie evaM indra ko brahmahatyA se pavitra karane ke lie aruNA se saMgama kiyA; (2) ( kauzikI kI eka zAkhA ) vana0 84 / 156 | dekhie je0 e0 esa0 vI0, jilda 17, pR0 646-649 jahA~ nepAla meM sAta kosiyoM kA varNana hai, jinameM aruNA sarvottama kahI gayI hai; ( 3 ) ( godAvarI ke nikaTa ) brahma0 8911, padma0 6 / 176 / 59 | dekhie bambaI gajeTiyara, jilda 16, pR0 468 / aruNA - varuNAsaMgama -- ( gautamI ke antargata ) brahma0 89 / 1 evaM padma0 6 / 176 / 59 / nAradatIrtha hai ) / ambikAtIrtha - liMga0 1 / 92 / 166 / ambikAvana --- ( sarasvatI nadI para) bhAgavata0 10/ 34 / 12 / amla---- - ( kurukSetra kI eka pavitra nadI) vAma0 34 / 7 / ayodhyA --- ( u0 pra0 ke phaijAbAda jile meM ) ghAgharA nadI para, sAta pavitra nagariyoM meM eka / yahA~ kucha jaina santa utpanna hue the, ata: yaha jainoM kA tIrthasthala bhI hai / atharvaveda 10 / 2 / 31 evaM tai0 A0 112712, vana0 60 / 24-25 evaM 70 / 2 ( RtuparNa evaM rAma kI rAjadhAnI ), brahmANDa0 4140/91, agni0 109 / 24 | rAmAyaNa (1 / 5 / 5-7 ) ke anusAra kosala deza meM sarayU bahatI thI; ayodhyA jo 12 yojana lambI evaM 3 yojana caur3I nagarI thI, manu dvArA sthApita kosala-rAjadhAnI thii| prAcIna kAla meM kosala solaha mahAjanapadoM meM eka thA (aMguttaranikAya, jilda 4, pR0 252 ) / 104 1403 Age calakara kosala do bhAgoM meM ba~Ta gayA; uttara kosala evaM dakSiNa kosala, jinheM sarayU yA ghAgharA vibhAjita karatI thI / raghuvaMza 6 / 71 evaM 9 / 1 ke anusAra ayodhyA uttara kosala kI rAjadhAnI thii| aura dekhie vAyu0 88 20, jahA~ ikSvAku se lekara bahuta-se rAjAoM kI sUcI dI huI hai, evaM padma0 6 / 208 46-47 (dakSiNa kosala evaM uttara kosala ke lie) / sAketa ko sAmAnyataH ayodhyA kahA jAtA hai| dekhie tIrthaprakAza, pR0 496 aura 'sAketa' ke antargata / DA0 bI0 sI0 lA ne eka bahuta hI prAmANika evaM vidvattApUrNa lekha ayodhyA para likhA hai (gaMgAnAtha jhA risarca sosAiTI, jilda 1, pR0 423-443) / ayogasiddhi - ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 98 ) / ayonisaMgama - ( narmadA ke antargata ) padma0 111858 / arantuka - eka dvArapAla / vana0 83 / 62 / aravinda - ( gayA ke antargata eka pahAr3I ) vAyu0 109 / 15, nAradIya0 2 / 47283 /

Page #411
1404 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa aruNIza-(vArANasI ke antargata) tI0 kalpa0, pR060| ullekha kiyA hai| nAradIya0 (266 / 4) kA kathana hai ki arundhatIvaTa-vana0 5 / 84141, pama0 1132 / 6 / jaba gaMgA pRthvI para utara AtI hai aura bhagIratha ke ratha araNA-sarasvatIsaMgama-(pRthUdaka ke uttara-pUrva tIna mIla kA anusaraNa karane lagatI hai to yaha alakanandA kaha kI dUrI para sthita) padma0 112739, zalya0 43 / lAtI hai| bhAgavata0 4 / 6 / 24 evaM 5 / 17 / 5 / bhAgI30-31 evaM 42, vAma0 40143 / rathI devaprayAga meM alakanandA se mila jAtI hai aura arkakSetra-yaha koNArka hai| donoM ke saMyoga se gaMgA nAmaka dhArA bana jAtI hai| arkasthalakuNDa-(mathurA ke antargata) varAha0 157 / 11 nAradIya0 2 / 67172-73 meM AyA hai ki bhAgIrathI evaM 160 / 20 / evaM alakanandA badarikAzrama meM milatI haiN| impIardhyatIrtha-garur3a0 118117 / riyala gajeTiyara Ava iNDiyA, jilda 15, pR0 60 ke arjuna-(pitaroM kA tIrtha) matsya0 22 / 43 / mata se alakanandA ke sAtha anya nadiyoM ke pAMca punIta arjunIyA-(nadI) devala (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 249) / saMgama haiM, yathA-bhAgIrathI ke sAtha (devaprayAga), nanda pro0 ke0 vI0 Ara0 AyaMgara (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 prayAga, karNaprayAga (piNDara nadI kA saMgama), rudraprayAga 283) ne de (pR0 11) kA anusaraNa karate hue ise (mandAkinI kA saMgama) evaM vissnnupryaag| dekhie u0 pra0 bAhadA kahA hai, kintu ye donoM nAma pRthak rUpa se gajeTiyara (gar3havAla), jilda 36, pR0 2 evaM 140 / varNita haiN| alitIrya-(narmadA ke antargata) ardhacandra-(mathurA ke antargata) varAha0 169 / 3 / / alAbutIrtha-(viraja ke antargata) brahma0 4 / 6 / arvakIla-(sarasvatI-aruNA-saMgama ke nikaTa darbhI dvArA kUrma0 2 / 42 / 37 / basAyA gayA) vana 836153-157 / alezvara-dekhie brhmeshvr| arbuda--(aravalI zreNI meM AbU parvata) vana0 82 // avakIrNa-(kurukSetra evaM sarasvatI ke antargata) vAma0 55-56 (yahA~ vasiSTha kA Azrama thaa)| matsya0 39 / 24-35 (baka dAlbhya kI gAthA, usane dhRtarASTra 22 // 38, padma0 112414, nArada0 2160 / 27, agni0 se bhikSA mAMgI kintu dhRtarASTra dvArA bhartsanA pAye jAne 109 / 10 / yaha jainoM kI pA~ca pavitra pahAr3iyoM meM eka para sampUrNa dhRtarASTra-deza ko pRthUdaka kI Ahuti banA hai, anya cAra haiM zatruJjaya, sameta zikhara, giranAra ddaalaa| zalya0 4111, pama0 1127 / 41-45 / vahA~ evaM cndrgiri| yaha TAlamI kA apokopA (pR0 darbhI ko cAra samudroM ko lAte hue varNita kiyA gayA hai| 76) hai| yahA~ para eka agnikuNDa thA jisase mAlavA avadhUta-(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tIrthakalpa0, ke paramAra vaMza ke pratiSThApaka yoddhA paramAra nikale the| pR0 93) / dekhie epi0 iNDi0, jilda 9, 1010evaM jilda avaTodA--(nadI) bhAgavata0 5 / 19 / 18 / 19, anukramaNikA pR0 22 / avanti--(1) (vaha deza jisakI rAjadhAnI ujjayinI arbudasarasvatI-(pitaroM kI pavitra nadI) matsya thI) pANini 4 / 1 / 176, raghuvaMza 6 / 32, sabhAparva 22 // 38 / 31 / 10, udyoga0 166 / 6; (2) avantI (pArimalakanandA-Adi0 170 / 22 (devoM ke bIca gaMgA kA yAtra parvata se nikalI huI nadI), vAyu0 45 / 98, yahI nAma hai)| vAyu0 41 / 18, kUrma0 1146 / 31, matsya0 114124, brahmANDa0 2 / 16 / 29; (3) viSNu0 2 / 2 / 36 evaM 2 / 8 / 114 ke mata se yaha gaMgA kI (mAlavA kI rAjadhAnI ujjayinI) brahma0 43 / 24, cAra dhArAoM meM eka hai aura samudra meM sAta mukha hokara agni0 109 / 24, nAradIya0 2 / 78135-36 / katimila jAtI hai| Adi0 170 / 19 ne sAta mukhoM kA paya nAma-vizAlA, amarAvatI, kuzasthalI, kanaka

Page #412
tIrthasUcI 1405 zRMgA, padmAvatI, kumudvatI, ujjyinii| aura dekhie asikuNDa--(mathurA ke antargata) varAha0 163 / 13; liMga0 119217-8 evaM brahma0 194 / 19 (kRSNa ke guru varAha ke adhyAya 166 meM asikuNDa kI vizeSatA sAndIpani avantipura meM rahate the)| meghadUta (1930) kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| ne ujjayinI ko vizAlA kahA hai, kAzIkhaNDa 7 / 92 / asiknI-(eka nadI, Adhunika ninAva) R0 8|20|aur dekhie 'mahAkAla' ke antrgt| 25, 1075 / 5 / nirukta (9 / 26) kA kathana hai ki avighnatIrSa-(godAvarI ke uttarI taTa para) brahma isakA nAma kAle raMga ke pAnI ke kAraNa par3A; 114 / 25 / Age cala kara isakA nAma candrabhAgA huaa| avimukta-(kAzI) vana0 84178-80, viSNu0 5 / yUnAniyoM ne ise aseknija kahA hai| dekhie 34130 evaM 43 / bhaagvt05|19|18| avimuktezvara-(vArANasI meM eka liMga) liga0 asita-(pazcima meM eka parvata) vana0 89 / 11-12 1192 / 6 evaM 105, nAradIya0 2 / 49 / 53-55, (isa parvata para cyavana aura kakSa sena ke Azrama the)| (jahA~ murgoM ko sammAna diyA jAtA hai)| asitA-(eka nadI jahA~ yogAcArya asita nivAsa karate azokatIrtha-(sUparika) vanaparva 88 / 13 / the, zrAddha ke lie eka upayukta sthala) vAyu0 azvatIrtha--(1) (kAnyakubja se bahuta dUra nahIM) vana0 77 / 38, brahmANDa 0 3 / 13 / 39 / 95 / 3, anu0 4 / 17, viSNu0 4 / 7 / 15 (jahA~ asita giri-(jahA~ yogAcArya asita rahate the) RcIka ne gAdhi ko usakI kanyA satyavatI ko prApta brahmANDa0 3 / 33 / 39 / karane ke lie daheja ke rUpa meM 1000 ghor3e diye astamana-(mathurA ke antargata) varAha0 (tIrthakalpa0 the)| kAlikA0 85 / 51-57; (2) (narmadA ke pR0 191) / antargata) matsya0 19413, padma0 21 / 3; (3) asthipura--(kurukSetra ke antargata) padma0 1 / 27 / 62, (godAvarIpara) brhm089|43 (jahA~ para azvinI- yaha thAnezvara ke pazcima aura aujasa ghATa ke dakSiNa hai| kumAra utpanna hue the)| yahIM mahAbhArata meM mAre gaye yoddhAoM ke zarIra ekatra azvatthatIrtha-~kUrma0 2|35|38(jhaaN nArAyaNa yazirA karake jalAye gaye the| dekhie e0 esa0 Ara0, jilda ke rUpa meM nivAsa karate haiM) (sthAna spaSTa nahIM hai| 14, pR0 86-106 evaM aiM0 ji0, pR0 336, azvameSa--(prayAga ke antargata) agni0 111 / 14 / jahA~ yaha varNita hai ki hanasAMga ke samakSa bahuta sI azvazira--(nala kI gAthA meM) vana0 79121 / / haDaDiyA~ pradarzita kI gayI thiiN| azvinI--anu0 25 / 21 (devikA nadI pr)| azmanvatI--(nadI) R0 1053 / 8 / Azva0 gR0 sU0 azvinostorya- (kurukSetra ke antargata) vana0 83 / 17, (118 / 2-3) ne vyavasthA dI hai ki isa maMtra kA pUrvArdha padma0 1 / 26 / 15 / taba prayukta hotA hai jaba navavivAhitA kanyA nAva para azvIzvara-(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tIrtha- car3hatI hai aura uttarArdha taba prayukta hotA hai jaba vaha ___ kalpa0, pR0 52) nadI pAra kara cukatI hai aura utara jAtI hai| de ne ise azvotorya-(narmadA ke antargata) padma0 1121 / 30 / Aksaza nadI mAna hai kintu aisA mAnane ke lie koI aSTavakra-(haridvAra se cAra mIla dUra) anu0 25441, upayukta tarka nahIM hai| dekhie de, pR0 12 / anmapRSTha--(gayA kA eka pavitra prastarakhaNDa jise aba asi---(vArANasI ke antargata eka naalaa| ise zuSka pretazilA kahate haiM) anu0 25 / 42 / nadI bhI kahate haiN)| ahaH-vanaparva 831100 /

Page #413
A 1406 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ahalyAtIrtha-(1) (go0 ke antargata) brahma0 8711; AdipAla-(gayA ke antargata) vAyu0 108 / 65, (2) (narmadA ke antargata) pama0 1118384, matsya (muNDapRSTha ke Age hAthI ke rUpa meM gaNeza) 109 / 15 / 191190-92, kUrma0 2 / 41-43 / Ananda--dekhie 'nandItaTa' ke antrgt| ahalyAhada-(gautama ke Azrama ke pAsa) vana0 84 / Anandapura--(vArANasI ke antargata) kUrma0 1 / 35 / 15, 109, padma0 1138 / 26 / pdm0237|18| ApagA-(kurukSetra ke antargata pavitra sAta yA nau nadiyoM meM eka kA nAma) vana0 83 / 68, vAma0 3417, padma0 AkAza-(vArANasI ke antargata) kUrma0 113513, 1136 / 1-6 evaM vaam036|1-4, (mAnuSa ke pUrva eka pn01||37||3|| kosa ko dUrI para) nIlamata0 158 / dekhie aiM0 ji0, AkAzagaGgA--(1) (gayA ke antargata) vaayu0112|25, pR0 185 jahA~ yaha syAlakoTa ke uttarapUrva jambU pahA agni0 116 / 5; (2) (sahya parvata para) narasiMha. r3iyoM se nikalatI huI ayak nadI ke samAna kahI gayI 66 / 35 (Amalaka kA eka uptiirth)| hai| kaniMghama (ArakyA0 sa0 I0, jilda 14, pR0 AkAzaliMga-(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tIrtha- . 88-89) kA kathana hai ki ApagA yA oghavatI kalpa0, pR0 51) / citAMga kI zAkhA hai| AGgirasatIrtha--(narmadA ke antargata) kUrma0 2 / 41131- ApayA--(eka nadI, sambhavataH sarasvatI evaM dRSadtI ke 33, padma0 1118 / 50 / " madhya prathama kI eka sahAyaka nadI) R0 3 / 23 / 4 / AGgiraseza-(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tIrtha- TAmasa ke mata se yaha oghavatI hI hai, je0 Ara0 e0 kalpa0,pR0 117) / esa0, jilda 15, pR0 362 / AtmatIrtha--(godAvarI ke antargata) brahma0 117.1 / ApastambatIrya-(godAvarIke antargata)brahma0 130 / 1 / AtreyatIrtha---(godAvarI ke uttarI taTa para) brahma0 Amalaka-(1) (u0 pra0 meM stutasvAmI ke antargata) 140 / 1, (atri kA Azrama) citrakUTa ke pazcAt, varAha0 148167; (2) (sahya parvata kI brahmagiri rAmAyaNa0 21117105 / / evaM vedagiri nAmaka coTiyoM ke madhya meM) tIrthasAra, Adarza-bahuta se vidvAn ise vinazana kahate haiN| dekhie pR078| 'vinshn'| kAzikA (pANini 4 / 2 / 124) ne ise Amalaka prAma--(sahya parvata para) nAradIya0 6617, janapada kahA hai aura yahI bAta bRhatsaMhitA (14 / 25) (tIrthakalpa0, pR0 254) / de (pR0 4) ke anusAra meM bhI kahI gayI hai| yaha tAmraparNI ke uttarI taTa para sthita hai| Adityasya Azrama-vanaparva0 83 / 184, padma0 227 / Amardaka-dekhie skanda0 (tIrthasAra, pR0 21-30) / 70 / yaha ziva-kSetra hai aura 12 jyotiligoM meM eka hai| isa AdityatIrtha-(1) (sarasvatI para) zalya0 49 / 17, kA nAma isalie par3A hai ki yahA~ pApoM kA mardana ho devala0 (tIrtha kalpataru, pR0 250 ); (2) jAtA hai (AmardeyAni pApAni tasmAdAmardaka mtm)| (sAbhramatI nadI para) padma0 6 / 167 / 1 (jahA~ tIrthakalpa 0 (pR022) meM skanda0 kA aisA havAlA AyA samudra se isakA saMgama hai)| . hai ki cAra yugoM meM yaha krama se jyotirmaya,mukti, sparza AdityAyatana--(narmadA ke antargata) matsya. 191 // evaM nAgezvara kahA gayA hai| dekhie vikTara kaz2insa 77, kuurm02||41||37-38, padma0 1 / 18 / 5 evaM 72 / kRta 'meDievala Tempulsa Ava di Dakkana',pR077-78, Adityeza--(narmadA ke antargata) matsya. 1915 / jahA~ nAganAtha ke mandira kA varNana hai| sambhavataH yaha

Page #414
tIrtha sUcI 1407 ikSudA -- ( mahendra parvata se nikalanevAlI nadI ) matsya 0 114 / 31, vAyu 0 45 / 106 ('ikSulA' pATha AyA hai) / ikSu narmadA-saMgama --- matsya0 191 / 49, kUrma0 2 / 41 / 28, padma0 1 / 18 / 47 / AjakIyA - (nadI) R0 10175 sU0, 5 RcA / nikta ( 9 / 26 ) kA kathana hai ki nadI kA nAma vipAz ( Adhunika vyAsa ) thA aura vipAz kA prArambhika nAma uruMjirA thaa| AryAvarta --- amarakoza ne ise himavAn evaM vindhya parvatoM ke bIca kI puNyabhUmi kahA hai| dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 2, a0 1, jahA~ AryAvarta ke vistAra ke viSaya meM vibhinna granthoM ke AdhAra para vivecana upasthita kiyA gayA hai / 22/51, 18128, agni0 112 / 3 / Arthika parvata - - vana0 125 / 16 ( jahA~ cyavana aura ikSumatI - (1) (kumAyU~ evaM kaMnauja se bahatI huI eka sukanyA rahate the) / nadI) pANini (4/2/85-86 ) ko yaha nadI jJAta thI / rAmA0 (2/68 / 17 ) meM AyA hai ki ayodhyA se jAte samaya pahale mAlinI milatI hai, taba hastinApura ke pAsa gaMgA, isake uparAnta kurukSetra aura taba ikSumatI / matsya0 22 / 17 (pitRpriya evaM gaMgA meM milane vAlI ), padma0 5 / 11 / 13; (2) (siMdhu- sauvIra deza kI nadI) viSNu0 2113, 53-54 (yahA~ kapila kA Azrama thA, jahA~ sauvIra kA rAjA AyA thA, aura usane pUchA thA ki duHkha evaM pIr3A se bhare e saMsAra meM kyA atyanta lAbhaprada hai) bhAga0 5 / 10 / 1 / ArSabha --- dekhie 'RSabha' ke antargata / ASTiSeNAzrama - anu0 25 / 55 / AzAliGga -- ( zrIparvata ke antargata ) liMga0 1 / 92/ indrakIla (parvata, gandhamAdana ke Age) vana0 37 / 41-42, matsya0 22/53, ( pitaroM ke lie pavitra ) nIlamata0 1443, bhAga0 5 / 19 / 16 / 148 / ASADha- yaha eka liMga hai ( vArANasI ke antargata), indragrAmatIrtha -- ( sAbhramatI ke uttarI taTa para ) padma0 AvaDhyA nAganAtha hI hai jo saMprati Andhra pradeza ke parabhaNI nAmaka sthAna ke uttara-pUrva lagabhaga 25 mIla kI dUrI para hai| AmrAtakezvara -- ( vArANasI ke antargata) matsya 0 tortha kalpa 0, pR0 93 / 6 / 144 / 1 / 30 / ASAr3I tIrtha -- ( narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 194/- indratIyaM -- ( godAvarI ke antargata ) brahma0 96 / 1 / indratoyA --- ( gaMdhamAdana para eka nadI) anu0 25 / 11 / AsurIzvara -- ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tIrtha- indradyumnasara - (1) (puruSottama purI ke antargata ) / kalpa0, pR0 67 ) / i ikSu -- ( 1 ) ( himAlaya se nikalanevAlI eka nadI ) vAyu0 45 / 96 / de ( pR0 77) ne ise oNksasa mAnA hai| unhoMne azmanvato evaM cakSus (pR0 13 evaM 43 ) ko oNksasa hI kahA hai| ataH unakI pahacAna ko gambhIratApUrvaka nahIM liyA jAnA cAhie; (2) ( narmadA se milanevAlI eka nadI) matsya0 191/49 / dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 4, adhyAya 15 / brahma0 51 / 29-30; (2) vana0 1999-11, Adi0 119/50 ( gandhamAdana ke Age, jahA~ pANDu ne tapa kiyA thA) 1 indra bhunezvara -- ( mahAkAla kA liMga) skanda 0 112/ 13 / 209 / indradhvaja -- ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 164 / 36 / indranadI -- (nadI) vAyu0 43 / 26 / indraprastha --- ( yamunA ke taTa para dillI jile meM Adhunika indrapata nAmaka grAma) Adi0 217 / 27, mausala0

Page #415
13 / 1408 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa 7 / 72, viSNu0 38634 (kRSNa ke dehAvasAna ke IzAna-zikhara--(kedAra ke antargata) devIpurANa uparAnta arjuna ne yahA~ yAdava vaja ko rAjamukuTa (tI0 ka0, pR0 230) / diyA), pA0 6 / 196 / 5, 60 / 75-76, (yaha IzAnAdhyuSita--vAma0 8418 / yamunA ke dakSiNa vistAra meM cAra yojana thA) 2005, (yaha khANDavavana meM thA) bhAga0 1058 / 1, 11 / 30 / 48, 11 / 31 / 25 / indraprastha pA~ca prasthoM upa-(vArA0 ke antargata) pama0 1137.15 / ise meM eka hai, anya haiM sonapata, pAnIpata, pilapata evaM kedAra bhI kahate haiN| baaghpt| umezvara--(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, inamArga-anu0 25 / 9 evaM 16, padma0 1127 / 68 / pRSTha 70) / indraloka-(badarI ke antargata) varAha0 141 / 10- ujjayanta-(saurASTra meM dvArakA ke pAsa) vana0 88 / 21-24, vAyu0 45 / 92 evaM 77152, vAma0 indrANItIrtha--nAradIya0 2 / 40 / 93 / 13 / 18, skanda0 8 / 2 / 11 / 11 evaM 15 (vastrAindirA-(nadI) vAyu0 10879 / patha-kSetra kI dakSiNI siimaa)| dekhie aiM. ji0, indrezvara--(1) (zrIparvata para) liMga0 11921152; pR. 325 / (2) (vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tIrthaka0, ujjayinI-(madhya pradeza meM Adhunika ujjaina) brahma0 43 / 24 (avantI), 44 / 16 (mAlavA kI irAvatI-(paMjAba kI Adhunika nadI, rAvI, jise raajdhaanii)| dekhie 'avantI' evaM 'maahissmtii'| yUnAnI lekhakoM ne hAiDroeTsa kahA hai) nirukta azoka ke dhaulI prastarAbhilekha (sI0 AI0 AI0, (9 / 26) meM AyA hai ki R0 (1075 / 5) vAlI jilda 1, pR0 93) meM 'ujenI' kA ullekha hai| paruSNI kA nAma irAvatI bhI thaa| vi. gha. sU0 mahAbhASya (jilda 2, pR0 35, pANini' 3 / 1 / 26, 85 / 49, matsya0 22 / 19 (zrAddha-tIrtha), vAyu vArtika 10) meM isakA ullekha hai| yahA~ 12 jyoti45|95 (himAlaya se nikalI), vAma0 797, liGgoM meM eka, mahAkAla kA mandira hai jo ziprA 8111, nIlamata0 149 / lAhaura nagara isake nadI para avasthita hai| kAlidAsa ne meghadUta evaM taTa para avasthita hai| mahAbhASya (jilda 1, raghuvaMza (6 / 32-35) meM ise amara kara diyA hai| pR0 382, pANini 2 / 1 / 20) / aura dekhie aiM. ji. (pR0 489-490) ne sAtavIM zatAbdI 'cndrbhaagaa'| kI ujjayinI kI sImAe~ dI haiN| abhidhAnacintAirAvatI-navalA-saMgama-vAma0 79 / 51 / maNi (pR. 182) ne vizAlA, avantI evaM puSpailAtIrya- (godAvarI ke antargata) brahma0 108 / 1 / karaMDinI ko ujjayinI kA paryAya kahA hai| ilAspada-padma0 1126173 / mRcchakaTika meM bhI puSpakaraNDakajIrNodyAna kA ullekha ilvalapura--(yaha maNimatI purI hai) vana0 96 / 4 / huA hai| periplasa evaM TaoNlemI ne ise 'Ajene' kahA hai| dekhie TaoNlemI (pR0 154-155) / dekhie je0 e0 o0 esa0 (jilda 66, 1946, pR0 IzatIrtha--(narmadA ke antargata) padma0 she2069|| 293), jahA~ udayana evaM vAsavadattA ke viSaya meM IzAna-liMga--(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 1192- carcA hai| iNDiyana aiNTIkverI (jilda 3, pR0 106 evaM 137 (tIrthaka0, pR0 105) / 153) meM zravaNa velagolA kA vivaraNa hai, jisameM

Page #416
tIryasUcI 1409 ujjayinI se bhadrabAhu kI saMrakSakatA meM jainoM kA bAhara jAnA varNita hai, dekhie esa0 bI0 I0 (jilda 10, bhAga 2, pR0 188 ) / utpalAvartaka - ( eka vana ) nAradIya0 2260 25, vanaparva ( tI0 ka0, pR0 244 ) / utpalinI -- ( nadI, naimiSavana meM) Adi0 215 / 6 / utpAtaka-- anu0 25/41 / ujjanaka - - ( jahA~ skanda evaM vasiSTha ko mana kI zAnti prApta huI) vana0 130 / 17, anu0 25 / 55 / sambhavataH yaha 'udyantaka' yA 'udyAnaka' kA azuddha rUpa hai / uDDiyAna -- kAlikA0 18 / 42 ( jahA~ para satI kI donoM jAMgheM girI thIM) / udapAna - vana0 84 / 110, padma0 1138127 / udabhANDa - - yahA~ sAhI rAjAoM kA nivAsa thA / sTIna ne ise gandhAra kI rAjadhAnI kahA hai; rAja0 5/151-155, 6 / 175 / yaha alabarUnI kA vehaNDa evaM Aja kA ohinda yA uNDa hai| aTaka ke Upara 18 mIla para sindhu ke dAhine taTa para / udIcItIrtha - - ( gayA ke antargata ) vAyu0 11116 / dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 4, adhyAya 14 / utkocaka tIrtha -- vana0 183 / 2 / usamezvara-- ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 102 ) / usara - ( vArA0 ke antargata) kUrma 0 1135/14, uddAlakezvara - ( vArA0 ke antargata ) liMga0 (to0 padma0 1|37|17 / uttara- gaMgA -- ( kazmIra meM, lAra paragane meM gaMgabala) ha0 ci0 4 / 54 | ise haramukuTa gaMgA evaM mAnasottara gaMgA bhI kahate haiM / uttara- gokarNa -- varAha0 216 / 22, kUrma0 2 / 35 / 31 / uttara- jAhnavI - ha0 ci0 12 / 49 / jaba vitastA uttara kI ora ghUma jAtI hai to use isI nAma se pukArA jAtA hai / uttara- mAnasa - (1) (kazmIra meM) anu0 25/60, nIlamata0 1118; ( kazmIra ke uttara kA rakSaka nAga ) yaha gaMgabala nAmaka sara dvArA vikhyAta hai / sTIna ( rAja0 3 / 448 ) evaM ha0 ca0 4 87 ; ( 2 ) ( gayA ke antargata ) vAyu 0 77 108, 1112, vi0 dha0 sU0 85/36, zAnti0 152113, matsya0 121 / 69, kUrma 02137 / 44, rAja0 115 10 | dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 4, adhyAya 14 / utpalAvatI- ( malaya parvata se nikalanevAlI eka nadI ) vAyu0 45 / 105, matsya0 114 / 30 utpalAvana --- vana0 87 / 15 (paMcAla deza meM) anu0 25 / 34 / de ( pR0 213 ) ke mata se yaha bi hai, jo u0 pra0 meM kAnapura se 14 mola dUra hai / ka0, pR0 59 ) / udyanta-- ( parvata, kAThiyAvAr3a meM somanAtha ke pAsa ) skanda0 612 / 11 / 11 / udyanta parvata - (brahmayoni pahAr3I, gayA meM, zilA ke bAyeM) vana0 84 93, vAyu0 108 / 43-44, nAradIya0 2 / 47 / 51, padma0 1|38|13 / dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 4, adhyAya 14 / upajalA - (yamunA ke pAsa eka nadI ) vana0 130/21 / upamanyuliMga -- ( vArA0 ke antargata ) padya 0 1 3717, liMga0 1192 107 / upaveNA -- ( agni kI mAtAoM ke nAma se prasiddha nadiyoM meM eka ) vana0 222 / 24 / umAkuNDa --- (lohArgala ke antargata ) varAha0 151/ 64 / umAvana -- umAtuMga - kUrma0 2 / 37 / 32-33, vAyu0 77181-82 ( zrAddha, japa, homa ke lie sarvottama sthala) / -- ( jahA~ zaMkara ne ardhanArIzvara kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA thA ) vAyu0 41 / 36, de ( pR0 211) ke mata se yaha kumAyU~ meM koTalagar3ha hai| abhidhAnacintAmaNi ( pR0 182) kA kathana hai ki yaha devIkoTa bhI kahA jAtA hai /

Page #417
1410 umAhaka -- (narmadA ke antargata ) kUrma 0 2 / 41 / 57 / urjanta -- ( aparAnta meM) brahmANDa0 3 / 13 / 53 (yahA~ yogezvarAlaya evaM vasiSThAzrama haiM) / urvazIkuNDa -- ( badarI ke antargata ) varAha0 141/51-64, nAradIya0 2 / 67/65 / urvazItIrtha -- (1) (prayAga ke antargata ) vana0 84 / 157, matsya0 106 / 34, padma0 1|38|64; (2) ( godAvarI ke antargata ) brahma0 171 1 / urvazI - pulina -- (prayAga ke antargata) matsya0 2266 eva 106, 434 35, anu0 25 / 40 | dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 4, adhyAya 13 / urvazI - liMga -- ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 66) / urvazIzvara - ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 72 ) / uSNatIrtha - - matsya 0 13 / 42 ( devI ko garma jala ke tIrthoM meM abhayA kahA jAtA hai) / uSNagaMgA-- (eka snAna - tIrtha ) vana0 135 7 / Urjayat - ( parvata ) rudradAman ke jUnAgar3ha zilAlekha ( epi0 iNDi0, jilda 8, pR0 36 evaM 42 ) tathA gupta iMskripzansa ( pR0 45) meM isakA nAma AyA hai / dharmazAstra kA itihAsa R RRla yA RkSavAn ~~ (RkSoM arthAt bhAluoM se paripUrNa, bhAratavarSa ko sAta mukhya parvata zreNiyoM meM eka ) vAyu 0 45 / 99- 101 evaM 95 / 31, matsya0 114 / 17, brahma0 27/32. varAha0 85 ( padya ) / zoNa, narmadA, mahAnadI Adi nadiyA~ isI se nikalI haiN| ataH yaha vindhya kA pUrvI bhAga hai jo baMgAla se narmadA ora zoNa ke udgama sthaloM taka phailA huA hai / RkSavAn nAsika guphA ke dUsare zilAlekha meM ullikhita hai ( bambaI gajeTiyara, jilda 16, pR0 505; vijhavata arthAt vindhya RkSavAn ), yaha TAlemI kA aujhensana hai ( pR0 76 ) / vilsana (jilda 2, pR0 128 ) ke anusAra RkSa goMDavAnA kA parvata hai / isakI pahacAna kaThina hai kyoMki ve nadiyA~ jo matsyapurANa evaM vana0 meM RkSa se nikalI huI kahI gayI haiM, ve mArkaNDeyapurANa ( 54 / 24-25) meM vindhya se nikalI huI ullikhita haiM / RNa- tIrtha -- ( narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 191127, kUrma0 2 / 41 / 19 evaM 29 / RNamokSa -- ( gayA ke antargata ) nArada0 2|47179, agni0 116 / 8 / RNamocana yA RNa pramocana - - (1) (kurukSetra ke antargata ) vAma0 41 / 6, dekhie e0 esa0 Ara0 ( jilda 14, pRSTha 76 ) jisake anusAra yaha sarasvatI ke taTa para kapAlamocana tIrtha para sthita hai; (2) (prayAga ke nikaTa ) matsya0 2267, ( yahA~ kA zrAddha akSaya phala detA hai) 107 / 20 ; ( 3 ) ( godAvarI ke antargata) brahma0 99| 1 ( 4 ) ( Amalaka grAma ke antargata eka upatIrtha ) nRsiMha0 66 / 28 (tIrthakalpa0, pR0 255 ); (5) (dhArA0 ke antargata ) skanda0 4 / 33 / 117 / RNAntakUpa - padma0 1 / 26 / 92 / RSabha -- ( pANDya deza meM parvata ) vana0 85 / 21, bhAga0 5 / 19 / 16, 10 / 79 / 15, matsya0 121 / 72 evaM 163 / 78 / de (pRSTha 119) kA kathana hai ki yaha madurA meM palanI pahAr3I hai| RSabhatIyaM -- (1) (vArA0 ke antargata) kUrma0 1/35 / 3, padma0 1 / 37 / 3; (2) ( kozalA arthAt dakSiNa kozalA meM) dekhie kumAravaradatta kA guMjI prastarAbhilekha (epi0 iNDi0, jilda 27, pRSTha 48, jahA~ mahAmahopAdhyAya pro0 mIrAzI ne isa para vivecana upasthita kiyA hai| eka amAtya ne brAhmaNoM ko do hajAra gaue~ dI thiiN| pro0 mIrAzI ne isa zilAlekha ko prathama zatAbdI kA kahA hai| vana0 85 / 10 kA kathana hai ki jo yAtrI yahA~ para tIna dinoM kA upavAsa karatA hai, use vAjapeya yajJa kA phala milatA hai| dekhie padma0 1|39|10 / RSabhadvIpa-vana0 84 / 160, padma0 1|38|67 /

Page #418
tIryasUcI 1411 RSabhA--(vindhya se nikalatI huI nadI) matsya0 ekavIrA-(godAvarI ke antargata) brahma0 161 / 3 / 114 / 27 / ekahaMsa--vana0 83 / 20 / RSabhajanakatIrtha yA uSAtI--(mathurA ke antargata) ekAnaka--(utkala yA ur3IsA meM, kaTaka se lagabhaga __ varAha0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 191) / 20 mIla dUra) yaha rudratIrtha hai| ekAmraka prAcIna RSikanyA--(narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 194 / 14 / hai, ise aba bhavanezvara kahA jAtA hai| ise kRttiRSikA--(zuktimAn parvata se nikalI huI eka nadI) vAsa bhI kahA jAtA rahA hai| brahma0 (41|10vaayu0 45 / 107 / 93) ne isakI prazasti gAyI hai (tIrtha cintAmaNi, RSikulyA--(nadI) vana0 84 / 49, padma0 1132 / - pR0 176-180) / ise pApanAzaka, vArANasI ke 12, matsya0 // 14 / 31, brahma0 27 / 37, nArada0 sadRza aura ATha upatIrthoM vAlA kahA jAtA hai| 2 / 60 / 30 / (mahendra parvata se nikalI huI) vAyu0 prAcIna kAla meM yahA~ eka Ama kA per3a thA, isI 45 / 160 (Rtukulyaa)| aiM0 ji0 (pR. 516) se isakA yaha nAma par3A (brahma0 34 / 6 evaM 41 / ke mata se yaha jAma kI eka nadI hai| prasiddha jaugar3ha 10-93) / dekhie haNTara kRta 'ur3IsA' (jilda kilA, jisake madhya ke eka vizAla parvata para azoka 1, pR0 231-241) evaM DA0 mitra kRta 'aiNTIkvi ke 13 anuzAsana utkIrNa haiM, isI nadI para hai| Toja Ava ur3IsA' (jilda 2, pR0 36-98) jahA~ RSisaMghezvara--(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 isake itihAsa, vivaraNa, utsava Adi kA ullekha ka0, pR0 54) / hai| mukhya maMdira 160 phuTa U~cA hai| bhuvanezvara RSisatra---- (go0 ke antargata) brahma0 173 / 1 / ke zilAlekha (DA0 ela0 DI0 bArneTa dvArA sampAdita, RSitIrtha--(1) (narmadA para) matsya0 191122 epi0 iNDi0 13, pR0 150) meM aisA AyA hai ki eca 193 / 13 / (yahA~ muni tRNabindu zApa se mukta ekA mraka meM gaMgarAja anaMgabhIma kI putrI evaM haihaya hue the) kUrma0 2041 / 15, padma0 1118 / 22; rAjakumAra paramardI kI vidhavA rAnI ne viSNu kA (2) (mayurA ke antargata) varAha0 152160 / mandira bnvaayaa| isa zilAlekha meM utkala kI RSyamUka yA RSyamUke--(parvata) rAmA0 3172 / - prazaMsA, ekAmraka ke mandira evaM bindusara kA varNana 12, 3 / 75 / 7 evaM 25 / (pampAsara kI sImA para) hai| isa zilAlekha kI tithi ajJAta hai| kintu bhAga0 5 / 19 / 16, vana0 280 / 9, vana0 147 / 30 yaha zaka saMvat 1101-1200 ke bIca kahIM hai| (yahA~ suprova rahate the), 279 / 44 (pampAsara ke yahA~ bahuta-sI mUrtiyA~ evaM mandira haiN| dekhie e0 pAsa) / dekhie pAjiTara (pR0 289) jinakI es. iNDiyA riporTa (1902, pR0 43-44) TippaNo sandehAtmaka hai| evaM puruSotamatattva (jahA~ raghunandana ne brahmapurANa RSyavanta yA RSya--(parvata) matsya0 114126, ke adhyAya 41 se kaI zloka uddhRta kiye haiN)| vAyura0 45 / 101, brahma0 27132 / pA~ca bhAgoM evaM 70 adhyAyoM meM ekAmrapurANa bhI RSyazaMgezvara--(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI. hai| ekAmra-candrikA meM (jo yAtriyoM kI jAnakArI kalpa0, pR0 115) / ke lie likhita hai) kapilasaMhitA, zivapurANa evaM anya granthoM se uddharaNa diye gaye haiN| dekhie mitra kI 'noTiseja' (jilda 4, pR0 136-137, naM0 ekadhAra--(sAbhramatI ke antargata) padma0 6 / 136 / - 1560) / 12 / eraNDItIrtha--(bar3odA jile meM narmadA kI eka sahAyaka 105

Page #419
1412 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa nadI, jise 'urI' yA 'ora' kahA jAtA hai) matsya. evaM kAverI ke saMgama para mAndhAtapura meM rahate haiM 191342, 193 / 65 evaM pA0 1 / 18 / 411 . (epi0 iNDi0, jilda 25, pR0 173) / dekhie eraNDInarmadAsaMgama-matsya0 194 / 32, kUrma0 2041 / - 'mAhiSmatI' ke antrgt| 85 evaM 2 // 42 // 31, pama0 1118141 / oMkArezvara-(vArA0 ke antargata) skanda elApura-(sambhavataH Adhunika elorA) matsya0 221- 4 / 35 / 118 / 50 (zrAddha ke lie upayukta sthl)| aiM. ji. moghavatI-(paMjAba meM eka nadI) bhISma0 9 / 22, (pR. 319) ne ise kAThiyAvAr3a kA verAvala matsya0 22171 (yahA~ zrAddha evaM dAna atyanta puNyakahA hai| rASTrakuTa kRSNarAja prathama ke talegA~va kAraka haiN|, vAma0 4650, 57183, 58 / 115 / tAmrapatra (768-769 I.) se patA calatA hai ki pRthUdaka (Adhunika pehovA ) isa para sthita thaa| kAJcI sthita kailAsanAtha mandira kI anakRti para zalya0 (38 / 4 evaM 27) se prakaTa hotA hai ki yaha kailAsanAtha kA prasiddha mandira usa rAjA ne bana- sarasvatI kA eka nAma thaa| dekhie de (pR. 142) vAyA (epi0 iNDi0, jilda 13, pR. 275), vibhinna pahacAnoM ke lie| aura dekhie epi0 iNDi0 (jilda 25, pR0 ojasa--(kurukSetra ke antargata, sambhavataH yaha 'aujasa' 25) / hai) vAma0 4116, 90 / 17 / kalpa airAvatI-(eriyana ko hAiDrAoTasa, aiM0 iNDi0, mojasa-(kurukSetra ke antargata) vi0 dha0 sU0 pa0 190, rAvI nadI?) (himAlaya se nikalI 85 / 52, vAma0 22 / 51 evaM 57 / 51 / haI evaM madra deza kI sImA kI eka nadI) matsya AhAlaka tIrtha-vana0 841161 / 115 / 18-19, 116 / 1 evaM 6 tathA devala (tI0 AcAnaka tIrtha-papa0 1138 / 68 / ka0, pR0 249) / mopamanyava-(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI. ailApatra-(pazcimI dizA kA dimAla jo kazmIra meM kalpa0, pR0 97) / dikpAla nAga ke nAma se prasiddha hai) nIlamata0 1118 mozanasa-(sarasvatI-taTa para eka mahAn tIrtha) yaha (Adhunika ailptur)| kapAlamocana hI hai| vana0 83 / 135, matsya0 22 // 31, zalya0 39 / 4 evaM 16-22, pama0 1|27|yo 24-26, vAma0 39 / 1 evaM 14 (jahA~ uzanA bokAra-(1) (vArA ke pAMca guhya liMgoM meM eka) ko siddhi prApta huI aura ve zukra nAmaka graha kUrma0 1132 / 1-11, liMga0 1192 / 137, pama0 ho gye| 113411-4; (2) (oMkAra mAndhAtA, khaNDavA se mauzIra parvata--vAyu0 7729 / uttara-pazcima 32 mIla para narmadA ke eka dvIpa para mausaja-(1) vi. gha. sU0 85 / 52 (sUparika, 12 jyotiliMgoM meM eka liMga) matsya0 2227, vaijayantI TIkA ke anusaar)| jAlI (esa0 bI0 186 / 2, padma0 2 / 9 / 32, 6 / 131267, skanda. I0, jilda 7, pR0 259) ne bhinna pATha diyA hai 1 / 1 / 17 / 209 / narmadA ke bAyeM taTa para mAndhAtA aura kahA hai ki yaha 'aujasa' hai, jo unake mata se ke amarezvara mandira meM utkIrNa halAyudha-stotra 'auzija' hai; (2) (samantapaMcaka kI sImA) (1063 I0) meM aisA AyA hai ki oMkAra narmadA vAma0 22 // 51 /

Page #420
tIrpasUcI 1413 nAradIya0 2 / 44 / 62, vAyu0 77 / 105 (kanaka nandI), kUrma0 2 / 37 / 41-43 (yahA~ brahmapRSTha kakudmatI-(sahya se nikalanevAlI eka nadI) AyA hai)| padma0 6 / 113 / 25 (satArA jile meM koynaa)| kanakavAhinI-(kazmIra meM eka nadI, jo aba kaMkanAI dekhie 'kRSNA' ke antargata evaM tIrthasAra, pR0 79 / / kahI jAtI hai, aura bhUtezvara arthAt bUthasera se bahatI koyanA satArA meM karada ke pAsa kRSNA se milatI hai) nIlamata0 1545, rAja0 1149-150 (sindhu meM milatI hai)| dekhie sTIna-smRti, pR0 kakubha-(eka parvata) bhAga0 5 / 19 / 16 / 211 / nIlamata0 (1539-42) kA kathana hai kaliMga-(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, ki sindhu evaM kanakavAhinI kA saMgama vArANasI pR0 112) / ke barAbara hai| kaThezvara--(candrabhAgA ke pAsa) matsya0 1911- kanakA-(gayA ke antargata eka nadI) vAyu0 108/63-64 / 80 / kaNAvezvara--(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 kanakezvara-(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ___ ka0, pR0 92) / __ka0, pR0-104)| kaNvAzrama---(1) (sahAranapura jile meM mAlinI nAmaka kanakhala-(1) (haridvAra se lagabhaga do mIla dUra nadI para) vana0 82 / 45, 88 / 11, vi0 dha0 gaMgA para) vana0 84130, anu. 25 / 13, vi0 sU0 85 / 30, agni0 109 / 10 / abhi0 zAkuMtala dha0 sU0 85 / 14, kUrma0 2 / 37 / 10-11, skanda0 (aMka 1) meM kaNvAzrama mAlinI ke taTa para kahA 1 / 12 / 11 (jahA~ rudra ne dakSayajJa ko naSTa kiyA gayA hai| zatapathabrAhmaNa (13 / 5 / 4 / 13) meM prayukta thaa)| vAyu0 83 / 21, vAma0 4157, dekhie 'nADpit' zabda ko TIkAkAra harisvAmI ne tIrthaprakAza (pR0 437); (2) (gayA meM uttara kaNvAzrama mAnA hai; (2) (rAjasthAna meM koTA evaM dakSiNa mAnasa ke bIca) vAyu0 11117, se cAra mola dakSiNa-pUrva carmaNvatI para) dekhie de agni0 115 / 23, nAradIya0 2 / 46 / 46; (3) (pR0 89) / (narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 183 / 69, padma0 kadamba--(dvArakA ke antargata) varAha0 149 / 52 (jahA~ 1 / 20 / 67 (jahA~ garur3a ne tapa kiyA thA) (4) para vRSNi loga pavitra hue the)| (mathurA ke antargata) varAha0 152 / 40-49, kadambakhaNDa---(mathurA ke antargata eka kuNDa) varAha (jahA~ paMcAla deza ke kAmpilya nAmaka nApita 164 / 26 / ne yamunA meM snAna kiyA aura brAhmaNa hokara janma kadambezvara--(zrIparvata ke antargata) liMga0 1192 / - liyaa| 161 (yahA~ skanda ne liMga sthApita kiyA kanyA--(dakSiNa samudra para, kumArI yA kepa kAmorin) thaa)| bhAga0 1079 / 17 / dekhie 'kumArI' ke kadalonavI--(jahA~ kA dAna puNyakAraka hai) matsya0 antrgt| 22152 / kanyAkUpa-anu0 25 / 19 / kanaka--(mathurA ke antargata) varAha0 (tI0 ka0, kanyAtIrva-(1) (samudra ke pAsa) vana0 831pR0 189) / 112, 85 / 23, kUrma0 2 / 44 / 9, padma0 1139 / 21; kanakanandA--(gayA meM muNDapRSTha se uttara eka nadI) (2) (narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 193176,

Page #421
1414 kUrma 0 2 / 42 / 21; (3) (naimiSavana meM) vana0 95 / 3, padma0 1 / 27 / 1 / kanyAzrama vana0 83 / 189, padma0 1 / 12/5, 27/75, 39 / 35 / kanyA - saMvedya - vana0 841136, padma0 1438 / 52 / kanyA hada - anu0 25 / 53 / kapaTezvara- (koThera ke pAsa kazmIra ghATI ke dakSiNa ora) rAja0 1 32, ha0 ci0 14 / 34 evaM 135, nIlamata0 1178, 1202, 1329-1357 ( yahA~ para ziva lakar3I ke eka kunde ke rUpa meM prakaTa hue the ) ; sTIna-smRti ( pR0 178 - 179) / Aine akabarI (jilda 2, pR0 358 ) meM AyA hai'koTihara kI ghATI meM eka gaharI dhArA hai, jaba isakA pAnI kama ho jAtA hai to mahAdeva kI eka candanapratimA ubhara AtI hai / ' kapardIzvara -- ( vArANasI meM guhya liMgoM meM eka ) kUrma 0 1 / 32 / 12, 1133 / 4-11 evaM 28-49, dharmazAstra kA itihAsa padma0 1 / 35 / 1 / kapAlamocanatIrtha --- (1) (vArA0 meM) vana0 831137, skanda0 4 / 33 / 116, nAradIya0 2 / 29/38-60 (ziva ne apane hAtha meM Aye hue brahmA ke eka sira ko kATa DAlA aura isa tIrtha para pAcamukta ho gaye ) / zalya0 39 / 8, matsya0 183 / 84-103, vAma0 3148-51, varAha0 97 / 24-26, padma0 5 / 14 / 185- 189, kUrma 0 1 / 35 / 15 ( ina pA~coM purANoM meM eka hI gAyA hai); (2) ( sarasvatI para, jo ozanasa nAma se bhI vikhyAta hai ) vAma0 39 / 5-14 ( rAma dvArA mAre gaye eka rAkSasa kA sira muni rahodara kI gardana se saTa gayA thA aura muni ko usase chuTakArA yahIM milA thA ) / zalya0 3919 - 22 ( rahodara kI vahI gAthA ) ; dekhie e0 esa0 Ara0 (jilda 14, pR0 75-76) jahA~ isakI sthiti ( saghorA se 10 mIla dakSiNa-pUrva) tathA ziva ko brahmA ke sira kATane ke kAraNa lage pApa se chuTakArA milane kI gAthA Adi kA varNana hai; (3) ( avantI ke antargata ) nAradIya0 2178 - 6; (4) (kazmIra meM, zUpiyana paragane meM Adhunika degAma sthAna ) dekhie rAja0 7 / 266, ha0 ci0 10 / 249, 14 / 111; (5) ( mAyApura arthAt haridvAra meM ) padma0 6 / 129 / 28 / kapAlezvara - ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 58 ) / kapilatIrtha - (1) (ur3IsA meM viraja ke antargata ) brahma0 42 / 6; (2) ( narmadA ke uttarI taTa para ) matsya 0 193 / 4, kUrma 0 2141193 100, padma0 1 / 17 / 7, vana0 83047, tIrthasAra, pR0 100; (3) (godAvarI ke dakSiNa taTa para ) brahma 0 15511 - 2 ( yaha yahA~ para AMgirasa, Aditya evaM saiMhikeya bhI kahA gayA hai ) / kapiladhArA - vAma0 84 / 24 / de ( pR0 4) kA kathana hai ki narmadA kA amarakaNTaka se prathama patana skanda 0 meM kapiladhArA ke nAma se ullikhita hai / kapilanAgarAja - vana0 84 / 32, padma0 1 / 28 / 32 / kapilahaba - ( vArA0 ke antargata ) vana 84 / 78, nAradIya0 2 / 50/46, padma0 1 / 32 / 41, liMga0 1 / 92 / 69-70, nAradIya0 ( 2/66 / 35 ) meM isI nAma kA eka tIrtha haridvAra meM kahA gayA hai| kapilA-- ( 1 ) ( gayA ke antargata eka dhArA) vAyu0 108/57-58, agni0 116/5; (2) (narmadA ke dakSiNa eka nadI ) matsya0 186140, 190/10, kUrma 0 2 / 40 / 24, padma0 1 / 13 / 35 / madhyapradeza meM baravAnI meM yaha narmadA se mila jAtI hai| kapilAtIrtha - ( kazmIra meM kapaTezvara ke antargata ) ha0 ci0 14|113 | kapilAvaTa - ( nAgatIrtha evaM kanakhala ke pAsa ) vana0 _ 84131, padma0 1|28|31| kapilA saMgama - (1) ( narmadA ke sAtha) 186 / 40, padma0 2 / 18 1, 6 / 242042; (2) matsya 0

Page #422
tIrthasUcI 1415 (godAvarI ke antargata) brahma0 141 / 1 evaM karapAda--(ziva kA tIrtha) vAma0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 28-29 / 235) / kapileza liMga-(vArA0 ke antargata) skanda0 karavIra--(1) (Adhunika kolhApura) matsya0 4 / 33 / 158 / 13 / 41 (karavIre mahAlakSmIm ), padya0 5|17|kpileshvr liMga-(1) (vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 203, matsya0 22176, anu0 25 / 44, padma0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 57 evaM 107); (2) (narmadA 6 / 108 / 3; epi0 iNDi0, jilda 3, pR0 207, ke antargata) padma0 2 / 85 / 26 / 210, vahI, jilda 29, pR0 280; (2) (dRSakapizA--(utkala, arthAt ur3IsA kI eka nadI) dvatI para brahmAvarta kI rAjadhAnI) kAlikA0 raghuvaMza 4 / 38 / medinIpura meM bahanevAlI kasAI 49 / 71, nIlamata0 147; (3) (gomanta pahAr3I se isakI pahacAna kI jA sakatI hai| ke pAsa sahya para eka nagarI) harivaMza (viSNuparva) kapotezvara--(zrIparvata ke antargata) liMga0 192 / 156 / 39 / 50-65 / kamalAlaya-matsya0 13 / 32 (yahA~ devI kA nAma karavIrakatIrtha-(1) (vArA0 ke antargata) liMga. kAmalA hai)| (tI0 ka0, pR070); (2) (kubjAmraka ke antakamalAkSa--(yahA~ devI 'mahotpalA' ke nAma se vikhyAta gata) varAha0 126148-51 / haiM) matsya0 13 / 34 / karaJjatIrtha-(narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 109|kmpnaa-(ndii) vana0 84 / 115-116, bhISma0 9 / 25 / karahATaka-kRSNA evaM koyanA ke saMgama para satArA kambalAzvatara nAga--(1) (prayAga ke antargata) jile meM Adhunika karada) sabhA0 '31170, vikra matsya0 106 / 27, 1178, kUrma 0 1137 / 19 / / mAMkadevacarita 8 / 2 / I0 pU0 dUsarI zatAbdI se (yamunA ke dakSiNa taTa para), agni0 11115; isakA nAma zilAlekhoM meM AyA hai| de0 kaniyama (2) do nAga (arthAt dhArAe~ yA kuNDa) ye kazmIra kA lekha 'bharahutastUpa', kSatrapoM ke sikke yahA~ mile haiN| meM haiM, nIlamata0 1052 / bambaI gaje0, jilda 1, bhAga 1, pR0 58 evaM epi0 kambalAzvatarAkSa--(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga iNDi0, jilda 13, pR0 275 / (tI0 kA, pa. 102) / karkoTakezvara--(narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 191|kmbuutiirth-(saabhrmtii ke antargata) padma0 6- 36 / 136 / 1 / karkandha-vAma0 51152 kambotikezvara-(narmadA ke antargata) padma0 6 / 136 / 1 / karNaprayAga-dekhie alakanandA ke antrgt| yU0 pI0 karatoyA--(baMgAla ke raMgapura, dinAjapura evaM bogrA gaje0 (jilda 36, gar3havAla, pR0 172 / jiloM se bahatI huI nadI, yaha kAmarUpa kI pazcimI karNahada--(gaMgA-sarasvatI ke saMgama ke pAsa) padma0 sImA hai) vana0 85 / 3, sabhA0 9 / 22, anu0 1132 / 4 / 25 / 12 / amarakoza ke anusAra karatoyA evaM kardamila-vAma0 135 / 1 (jahA~ para bharata ko rAjasadAnIrA eka hI haiN| mArka0 (54 / 25) ke mata mukuTa pahanAyA gayA thaa)| se yaha vindhya se, kintu vAyu0 (45 / 100) ke kardamAzrama--(bindusara ke pAsa) bhAga0 3|21|mt se RkSapAda se nikalatI hai| aura dekhie smRti- 35-37 / ca0 (1, pR0 132) / kardanAla--(1) (gayA ke antargata) matsya0 22 / 77,

Page #423
1416 agni0 116 / 13, nAradIya0 2 / 60124; (2) ( sAbhramatI ke antargata) padma0 6 / 165 / 7 evaM 10 / karmAvarohaNa - - ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 190 ) / pharmezvara-- (zrIparvata ke antargata) liMga0 192/ dharmazAstra kA itihAsa 152 / kalavika -- anu0 25 / 43 / kalazAkhyatIrtha -- ( jahA~ agastya eka kumbha se nikale the) nAradIya0 2 / 40 / 87 / kalazezvara -- ( vArA0 ke antargata ) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 99 ), padma0 1 / 37 / 7 / kalApaka -- (kedAra se eka sau yojana ke lagabhaga ) skanda0 1 / 2 / 6 / 33-34 / kalApagrAma -- ( sambhavataH badarikA ke pAsa ) vAyu0 91 / 7, 99/437, (yahA~ devApi kA nivAsa hai aura kaliyuga ke anta meM yaha kRtayuga pravartaka ho jAyagA ) bhAga0 10 1877 / kalApavana-padmaM0 1|28|3 | kalpagrAma- - ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 166/12 ( u0 pra0 meM, vahA~ para varAha kA mandira hai) / sambhavataH yaha Adhunika kAlpI hai / kalmASI - ( yamunA ) sabhA0 78 / 16 / kallolakezvara - (narmadA ke antargata) kUrma0 2 / 411 88 / kazmIra - maNDala - prAcIna nAma kazmIra hI thA, aisA lagatA hai / mahAbhASya ( jilda 2, pRSTha 119, pANini 3 / 2 / 114 ) meM AyA hai-- 'abhijAnAsi devadatta kazmIrAt gamiSyAmaH / ' 'sindhvAdigaNa' (pANini, 4 | 3 | 93 ) meM 'kazmIra' zabda deza ke lie AyA hai| naulamata meM kaI sthAnoM meM 'kazmIra' zabda AyA hai, ( yathA zloka 5, 11, 43, 50 ) kintu Age 'kAzmIra' bhI AyA hai| ha0 ci0 meM 'kazmIra' AyA hai / vikramAMkadevacarita (18 / 1 evaM 18 ) meM 'kAzmIra' AyA hai| nIlamata0 (292-93) meM vyutpatti hai - 'ka' kA artha hai jala (kaM vAri hariNA yasmAddezAdasmAdapAkRtam / kazmIrAkhyaM tato hAsya nAma loke bhaviSyati / / ) / TaoNlemI ne ise kaspeiriyA kahA hai aura usakA kathana hai ki vaha bidaspesa ( vitastA ), sandabala ( candrabhAgA ) evaM adrisa (irAvatI) ke udgama sthaloM se nIce kI bhUmi meM avasthita hai| dekhie TaoNlemI ( pR0 108/109) evaM nIlamata0 (40) / vana0 ( 130 - 10) ne kazmIra ke sampUrNa deza ko pavitra kahA hai / AineakabarI (jilda 2, pR0 354 ) meM AyA hai ki sampUrNa kazmIra pavitra sthala hai / aura dekhie vana0 82 / 90, sabhA0 27 / 17, anu0 25/8 | kazmIra evaM jammU ke mahArAja ke sAtha san 1846 kI jo sandhi huI thI, usake anusAra mahArAja kI rAjyabhUmi sindhu ke pUrva evaM rAvI ke pazcima taka thI, impi0 gaje0 iNDi0 (jilda 15, pR0 72 ) / kazmIra kI ghATI lagabhaga 80 mIla lambI evaM 20 yA 25 mIla caur3I hai (vahI, jilda 15, pRSTha 74) / aura dekhie sTIna-smRti ( pR0 63) evaM hvenasAMga ( bIla kA anuvAda, jilda 1, pR0 148 ) / hvenasAMga ke mata se kazmIra Arambhika rUpa meM, jaisA ki prAcIna janazruti se use patA calA thA, eka jhIla thI aura usakA nAma thA satI-sara aura vahI Age calakara satI deza (nIlamata0 64-66 ) ho gayA / umA svayaM kazmIra kI bhUmi yA deza rUpa meM haiM aura svargika vitastA, jo himAlaya se nikalatI hai, sImanta ( sira kI mA~ga ) hai (bola mata 0 pR0 45 ) / dantakathA yoM hai-- jaba garur3a ne sabhI nAgoM ko khA DAlanA cAhA to vAsuki nAga kI prArthanA para viSNu ne varadAna diyA aura vAsuki nAga anya nAgoM ke sAtha usa deza meM avasthita ho gayA / varadAna yaha milA thA ki satIdeza meM koI zatru nAgoM ko nahIM mAregA ( nIlamata0 105-107 ) aura nIla satIdeza meM nAgoM kA rAjA ho gayA (nIlamata 0 110 ) / nIla kA nivAsa zAhAbAda paragane ke veranA yAga meM thA / jalodbhava nAmaka eka rAkSasa

Page #424
tIrthasUcI satI-sara meM utpanna huA aura manuSyoM ko mArane lagA ( nIlamata0 111-123 evaM vAma0 81 / 3033) / nIla sabhI nAgoM ke pitA muni kazyapa ke pAsa gayA jisakI prArthanA para viSNu ne anantanAga ko AjJA dI ki vaha sabhI pahAr3iyoM ko phAr3a DAle, sara ko sukhA de aura jalodbhava rAkSasa ko mAra DAle ( rAja0 1125 ) / isake uparAnta viSNu ne nAgoM ko AjJA dI ki ve manuSyoM ke sAtha zAnti se raheM / satI vitastA nadI ho gayI / dekhie kUrma 0 2 / 434 // kazmIra meM nAgoM ko iSTa devatA kahate haiM jo sabhI punota dhArAoM, kuNDoM evaM saroM ko rakSA karate haiM, jo ki saba kazmIra kI racanA haiN| nolamata 0 ( 11301131) evaM rAja0 ( 1138 ) kA kathana hai ki kazmIra kA tila-tila pavitra tIrtha hai aura sabhI sthAnoM meM nAga hI kula devatA haiN| abula fajala ne Aine akabarI (jilda 2, pR0 354 ) meM likhA haiM ki usake kAla meM mahAdeva ke 45, viSNu ke 64, brahmA ke 3 evaM durgA ke 22 mandira the aura 700 sthAnoM meM sarpoM kI mUrtiyA~ thIM, jinako pUjA hotI thI aura jinake viSaya meM Azcaryajanaka kahAniyA~ kahI jAtI thIM / rAja0 (1 / 72 ) evaM nIlamata0 ( 313-314) kA kathana hai ki kazmIra kA deza pArvatIrUpa hai, ataH vahA~ ke rAjA ko ziva kA aMza samajhanA cAhie aura jo loga samRddhi cAhate haiM unheM rAjA kI AjJA kI avahelanA yA asammAna nahIM karanA cAhie / rAja0 ( 1/42 ) ne eka zloka meM kazmIra kI vilakSaNatA kA varNana kiyA hai'vidyA, ucca nivAsa sthala, kuMkuma, hima evaM aMgUroM se yukta jala; ye saba yahA~ sarvasAdhAraNa rUpa meM pAye jAte haiM yadyapi ye tInoM lokoM meM durlabha haiM / ' kazyapezvara - ( vArA0 ke antargata ) liMga0 (tI0 ka'0, pR0 175) / kazyapapada -- ( gayA ke antargata ) vAyu0 109 / 18, 111 / 49 evaM 58 / 1417 kAkazilA -- ( gayA ke antargata) vAyu0 10876, agni0 116 / 4 / kAkahada -- ( zrAddha ke lie mahatvapUrNa ) brahmANDa 0 3 / 13 85 / kAnAkSI-- (naimiSa vana meM eka nadI ) vAma0 83 / 2 / kAJcI yA kAJcIpurI - dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 4, adhyAya 15 / (1) sAta pavitra nagariyoM meM eka, coloM kI rAjadhAnI evaM annapUrNA devI kA sthAna / padma0 6 / 1105, devobhAga0 713818, brahmANDa 0 4/5/6 - 10 evaM 4 / 39 / 15, bhAga0 10 / 79 / 14, vAyu0 104 / 76, padma0 4 / 17 / 67, bArha 0 sU0 3 / 124 (eka zAkta kSetra ) / kamboDiyA ke eka naye zilAlekha se, jo jayavarmA prathama kA hai, kAJcI ke eka rAjA kI ora saMketa milatA hai (iMskripzana Du kamboje, jI0 koiDesa dvArA sampAdita, bhAga 1, pR0 8); (2) ( narmadA ke antargata ) padma0 1 / 17 / 8 / kAntIpurI - dekhie isa grantha ke khaNDa 4, adhyAya 15 kA antima bhAga / Aine akabarI (jilda 3, pR0 305 ), skanda0 4 / 7 / 100-102, mAhezvarakhaNDa, upa-prakaraNa kedAra, 27 / 33 (yahA~ allA lanAtha kA eka liMga hai) / mirjApura jile meM kAntIpurI bhArazivoM kI rAjadhAnI thI / dekhie jAyasavAla kRta 'hisTrI Ava iNDiyA' ( 150-350 I0 ) pR0 123 / kAntIpurI brahmANDa 0 (3 / 13 / 94-95) meM ullikhita hai| kAnyAyanezvara - ( vArANasI ke antargata ) ( tI0 kalpa0, pR0 120 ) / kAdravatI - (zrAddha, japa, homa Adi ke lie eka tIrtha ) vAyu0 77 / 82 / "laga0 kAnyakubja - (lalitA devI ke 50 pIThoM meM eka ) brahmANDa0 4 / 44 / 94, vana0 87117 (jahA~ vizvAmitra ne indra ke sAtha soma kA pAna kiyA) ; matsya 0 13 / 29 (kAnyakubja yA kannauja meM devI ko gaurI kahA gayA hai), anu0 4 / 17, padma0 5 / 25 (gaMgA meM milane vAlI kAlindI ke dakSiNa taTa para rAma ne vAmana kI mUrti sthApita kI ), padma0 6 / 129 / 9 / mahAbhASya --

Page #425
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (jilda 2, pR0 233, pANini 4 / 1179) ne 'kAnya- nadI kI sundara nIlAcala pahAr3I para devIsthAna kubjI' kA ullekha kiyA hai| rAmA0 (1132 / 6) meM yA tripurabhairavI kA mandira) devIbhAgavata0 7138 / AyA hai ki brahmA ke pautra evaM kuza ke putra kuzanAma 15, kAlikA0 6412 (nAma kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai. ne mahodayA ko basAyA thaa| abhidhAnacintAmaNi sampUrNa adhyAya meM isakA mAhAtmya hai)| yaha (pR0182) ke mata se kAnyakubja, mahodaya, gAdhipura, gohATI se do mIla dUra hai aura prAcIna kAla se prasiddha kanyAkubja eka-dUsare ke paryAya haiN| dekhie 'mahodaya' hai| dekhie tIrthaprakAza (pR0 599 / 601) / dakhie ke antargata evaM aiM ji0 (pR0 376-382) / TAlemI zrI bI0 kakatI kA lekha (siddhabhAratI, bhAga 2 (pR. 134) ne ise 'kanagorA' evaM 'kanogijA' pu0 44) / kAlikA0 (18 / 42 eva 50) meM aisA kahA hai| AyA hai ki jaba ziva satI ke zava ko liye cale jA kApila--(vArANasI ke antargata) kUrma0 1135 / 9 / rahe the to unake gaptAMga vahA~ gira paDe the| yahA~ devI ladvIpa-(yahA~ para viSNu kA guhya nAma ananta hai) kAmAkhyA' ke nAma se prasiddha hai| nRsiMha0 6517 (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 251) / kAmezvara-liMga-(vArANasI ke antargata) skanda0 kApizI-(nadI) pANini (4 / 2 / 99) meM yaha nAma 4 / 33 / 122 / / AyA hai| yaha yUnAnI lekhakoM kI 'kapisene' hai| kAmezvarIpITha--kAlikA0 (adhyAya 84) meM isakI kApota-(godAvarI ke antargata) brahma0 805 evaM yAtrA kA varNana hai| 92 / kAmovApura- (gaMgA para) nAradIya0 2168 (isameM kApotakatIrtha-(sAbhramatI ke antargata) padma0 6.155 / - kAmodAmAhAtmya hai) / samudra-maMthana se cAra kumAriyAM 1 (yahA~ yaha nadI pUrva kI ora ho jAtI hai)| nikalIM-ramA, vAruNI, kAmodA evaM varA, jinameM se kAmakoSThaka (kAmakoTi)-(tripurasundarI kA pITha- viSNu ne tIna ko grahaNa kiyA aura vAruNI ko asuroM kaamaakssii)brhmaanndd04|5|6-10,4|40|16 (kAJcI ne grahaNa kiyA; adhyAya 68 / 18 / yaha gaMgAdvAra se meN),4|4494 (lalitA ke 50 pIThoM meM eka), bhAga0 10 yojana Upara hai| 1079 / 14 (kAmakoSNI purI kaanyciim)| kAmyaka-Azrama--(pANDavoM kA) vana0 146 / 6 / kAma-bArhaspatya sUtra (3 / 24) ke anusAra yaha eka kAmyaka-sara-sabhA0 52 / 20 / zivakSetra hai| kAmyakavana--(1) (sarasvatI ke taToM para) vana0 36 / 4 kAmagiri--(parvata) brahmANDa0 4 / 39 / 105, bhAga0 (jahA~ pANDava dvaitavana se Aye), vAma0 41 / 30 / 31; 5 / 19 / 16, devIbhAga0 8 / 11 / 11 / . (2) (mathurA ke antargata) 12 vanoM meM cauthaa| kAmatIrtha-(narmadA ke dakSiNa taTa para) kUrma0 2 / 4115, kAmipha-(jahA~ gaNDakI devikA se milatI hai) varAha0 garur3a0 1381 / 9 / 144184-85 / kAmadhenu-pada-(gayA ke antargata) vAyu0 112 / 56 / kAyazodhana-vana0 83 / 42-43 / kAmAkSA-(ahicchatra meM) (sumada dvArA sthApita eka kAyAvarohaNa-(1) (DabhoI tAlukA meM bar3odA se 15 devIsthAna) padma 4 / 12 / 54-60 / mIla dakSiNa Adhunika kArvAna) vAyu0 23||221kaamaakssii-(puurv meM) nAradIya0 2 / 69 (mAhAtmya ke 222 (yahA~ 'pAzupata siddhAnta ke pravartaka nakulI yA lie)| lakulI kA AvirbhAva huA thA), matsya0 22 / 30 kAmAlya--(1) (devikA nadI para eka rudratIrtha) kUrma0 2 / 4417-8 (isakA kathana hai ki yahA~ vana0 85 / 105, pama0 1125 / 12; (2) (brahmaputra mahAdeva kA mandira thA aura mAhezvara-mata ke

Page #426
tIryasUcI 1419 siddhAntoM kI ghoSaNA yahIM huI thii)| epi0 iNDi0 jaramaNDala ke lie dekhie epi0 iNDi0, jilda 19, (jilda 21, pR0 1-7) meM candragupta dvitIya ke . pR0 18 / Aine akabarI (jilda 2, pR0 169) ne mathurA zilAlekha (I0 380) kA varNana hai jisase ise gagana-cumbI pahAr3I para eka prastara-durga kahA hai| prakaTa hotA hai ki pAzupata sampradAya ke pravartaka yahA~ kaI mandira haiM aura unameM eka pratimA kAlabhairava lakulI dUsarI zatAbdI meM hue the| (2) (vArANasI kahI jAtI hai, jisake viSaya meM alaukika kahAniyA~ meM eka zivatIrtha) matsya0 181 / 26 / matsya prasiddha haiN| durga ke bhItara jharane haiM aura bahuta se (13-48) meM devI (kAyAvarohaNa meM) mAtA kahI kuNDa haiN| dekhie impi0 gaje0 iNDi0, jilda 6, gayI hai| pR0 349; (2) (eka Ayatana ke rUpa meM) devala kArantuka--(kurukSetra ke antargata) vAma0 22 // 60 / / (tI0 ka0, pR0 240); (3) (vArANasI ke antakArandhama--(dakSiNI samudra para) Adi0 216 / 3 / / rgata) kUrma0 2036 / 11-38 (rAjarSi zveta kI kArapacava--- (yamunA para) paMcaviza brAhmaNa 25 / 10 / 23, gAthA, zveta lagAtAra 'zatarudriya' kA pATha karatA rahatA Azva0 zro0 suu013|6, kAtyA0 zrau0 suu024|6|10| thA, padma0 1137115; (4) (godAvarI ke antakArapa vana--(sarasvatI ke udgama-sthala para) zalya0 rgata eka ziva-tIrtha) brahma0 146 / 1 evaM 43 (ise 54 / 12 evaM 15 'yAyAta' bhI kahA jAtA thA); (5) (kAliJjarI kAravatI--(thAddha-tIrtha) brahmANDa0 3 / 13 / 92 / nAma se narmadA kA udgama-sthala, yahA~ zivamandira thA) kAtikeya-(1) (devI yazaskarI ke nAma se vikhyAta skanda0, kAlikAkhaNDa (tI0 ka0, pR.0 98); (6) hai) matsya 0 13 / 45; (2) (godAvarI ke antargata) (mathurA ke antargata) varAha0 176 / 18; (7) brahma0 81 / 17, garuDa0 1181 / 9 / raaj07|1256 (yahA~ para yaha kazmIra kA koI parvakArtikeya-kuNDa-- (lohArgala ke antargata) varAha0 toya jilA pratIta hotA hai)| 151161 / kAlajara vana --matsya0 181127 (kAlaJjara, eka kArtikeya-pada--(gayA meM) vAyu0 109 / 19, 111154 / zivatIrtha), tI0 ka0, pR0 24 / kAlakavana --mahAbhASya (jilda 1, pR0 475, pANini kAlatIrtha--(1) (kozalA meM) vana0 85 / 11-12, 214110, jilda 3, pR0 174, pANini 6 / 3 / 109) padma0 1139 / 11; (2) (vArANasI ke antargata) ke anusAra yaha AryAvarta kI pazcimI sImA hai| DA. karma0 1135 / 2 / agravAla (je0 yU0 pI0 eca0 esa0, jilda 14, kAlabhairava-(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga. 192 // bhAga 1, pR0 15) ke mata se yaha sAketa kA eka bhAga 132 / thaa| kAlavimala-(kazmIra ke pA~ca tIrthoM meM eka) ha. kAlakezava---(vArANasI ke antargata) karma0 1135 / 7 / ci0483 / kAlakoTi ---(naimiSa vana meM) vana0 95 / 3, bRhatsaMhitA kAlasapis-- (kAzyapa kA mahAtIrtha) kUrma0 2 / 37 / 34, 14 / 4 / _vAyu0 7787 (zrAddha ke lie eka upayukta sthala), kAlajara---(yA kAliMjara)-(1) (bundelakhaNDa meM eka brahmANDa0 3 / 11 / 98 / pahAr3I evaM durga) vana0 85 / 56, 87111, vAyu0 kAlikA-(pitR-tIrtha) matsya0 22 / 36 / 77 / 93, vAma0 84 (isa para nIlakaNTha kA mandira hai)| kAlikAzikhara-devIpurANa (tI0 ka0, pR0 244) / kAlajara bundeloM kI rAjadhAnI thI, epi0 iNDi0, kAlikAzrama---anu0 25 / 24, (vipAzA para) nIlajilda 1, pR0 217, jilda 43, pR0 153 / kAla- mt0148|

Page #427
1420 kAlikA - saMgama - vana0 84 / 156, padma0 1|38|63, agni0 109 / 20 / kAlindI - ( yamunA ke antargata dekhie) padma0 1 / 29 / 1 / dharmazAstra kA itihAsa kAlihada -- ( zAlagrAma ke antargata) barAha0 145 / 45 / kAliyada - ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 192), tIrthaprakAza, pR0 515 / kAlI -- (1) ( u0 pra0, sahAranapura se bahane vAlI nadI) matsya 0 22 20, vAma0 57 79; yaha nepAla evaM sahAranapura kI vibhAjaka rekhA thI (impi0 gaje 0 sus0, jilda 22, pR0 102 ); (2) (kAlI sindhu, jo cambala meM milatI hai) / kAleza-- ( gayA ke antargata) agni0 116 / 23 / kAlezvara -- (1) ( vArANasI ke antargata ) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 45 evaM 72), 1 / 92 / 136; (2) ( narmadA ke antargata ) matsya0 191185 / brahmANDa0 ( 4/44/97) meM AyA hai ki yaha lalitA ke 50 pIThoM meM eka hai / kAlodaka --- (jhIla) (1) vi0 dha0 sU0 85 / 35 (vaijayatI TIkA ke anusAra), anu0 25|60; (2) ( samudra se 13000 phuTa U~ce haramukuTa parvata ke pUrva bhAga meM eka jhIla) nIlamata0 1231-1233 / kAlovakA -- ( kazmIra meM eka nadI ) anu0 25/60, nIlamata0 1545 / kAverI-saMgama -- ( narmadA ke sAtha) agni0 11313 evaM nimnokta (2) / kAverI -- (1) (sahya parvata se nikanevAlI dakSiNa bhArata kI eka nadI ) vana0 85 / 22, anu0 166 / 20, vaayu045|104, 77 28, matsya0 22/64, kUrma 0 237/16-19, padma0 1 / 39 20, padma0 6 / 22413, 4 evaM 19 ( marudddhA kahI gayI hai ) / nRsiMha0 (66) 7) kA kathana hai ki kAverI dakSiNa gaMgA hai, tamila mahAkAvya 'zilappadikAram' (10 / 102, pR0 160, pro0 dIkSitAra ke anuvAda) meM isakA sundara varNana hai; (2) ( rAjapIpalA pahAr3iyoM se nikalanevAlI eka nadI, jo zukla tIrtha ke sammukha narmadA meM isake uttarI taTa para mila jAtI hai) matsya0 189 / 12- 14, kUrma 0 2/40/40, padma0 1 / 16 / 6-11 ( yahA~ kubera ko yakSAdhipatya prApta huA), agni0 11313 / kAzI - dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 4, adhyAya 13 / yaha sambhavata : TaoNlemI (10228) kA 'kassida' hai / abhidhAnacintAmaNi ( zloka 974) meM AyA hai ki kAzI, varANasI, vArANasI evaM zivapurI paryAya haiN| kAzyapatIcaM - (1) (kAlasarpiH nAmaka ) vAyu0 77 / 87, brahmANDa0 3 / 13 / 986 (2) ( sAbhramatI ke antargata ) padma0 6 / 157 1 / fafeNIkAzrama - anu0 25 / 23 | kindAna-padma0 1 / 26 / 74, vana0 83 / 79 / kiyajJa padma0 1 / 26 / 74 / kidattakUpa - vana0 84 98 / kiraNA - (nadI) vAma0 84|5, dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 4, adhyAya 13 / kiraNezvara liMga- ( vArANasI ke antargata ) skanda 0 4 / 33 / 155 / kilikileza - ( gayA ke antargata) agni0 116 / 31 / kizukavana-vAyu0 38 / 27-32 ( vasudhArA evaM ratnadhArA ke bIca meM ) / kizulka - ( pANini 6 / 3 / 117 ke anusAra eka parvata) kAzikA ne koTarAvana Adi pA~ca vanoM evaM kiMzuka Adi giriyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jinheM nizcitatA ke sAtha pahacAnA nahIM jA sakatA / kiSkindhA - ( pampAsara ke uttara-pUrva do mIla) vana0 280 / 16, rAmA0 4/9/4, 4 / 14 / 1 Adi / mahAbhASya (jilda 3, pR0 96, pANini 6 / 1 / 157 ) ne forforan - guhA kA ullekha kiyA hai| 'sindhvAdigaNa' ( pANini 4 / 3 / 93 ) meM bhI yaha zabda AyA hai| yaha Adhunika vijayanagara evaM aneguNDi kahA gayA hai / dekhie impI0 gaje 0 ( jilda 13, pR0 235) / bRhatsaMhitA ( 14 / 10) ne uttara-pUrva meM kiSkindhA ko eka deza kahA hai|

Page #428
tIrthasUcI 1421 kiSkindhA-guhA--vAyu0 54 / 116 (sambhavataH yaha hone para muni raibhya ne eka Amra kA vRkSa dekhA aura kiSkindhA hI hai| ve zraddhAvaza jhuka gye| isake sthAna ke viSaya meM abhI kiSkindhaparvata-matsya0 13 / 46 (isa parvata para devI nizcitatApUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| varAha0 (17ko tArA kahA gayA hai)| 9 / 26-31) meM AyA hai ki mathurA saukaratIrtha se kukkuTezvara--(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 uttama hai aura saukaratIrtha kubjAmraka se uttama ka0, pu078)| hai| varAha0 (140 / 60-64) ne vyAkhyA kI hai ki kuJjatIrtha--(narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 194 / 9 / / kisa prakAra pavitra sthala hRSIkeza kA yaha nAma kuNDina--nRsiMha0 65 / 19, vAma0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 pdd'aa| aisA lagatA hai ki yaha haridvAra meM koI 239), ise vidarbhA bhI kahate haiM (abhidhAna- tIrtha thaa| cintAmaNi, pR0 182, zloka 979) / kubjAsaMgama--(narmadA ke sAtha) padma0 2192 // 32 // kuNDiprabha-(zrIparvata ke antargata) liMga0 1192 / 148 / kunjAyama--(eka yojana vistAra vAlA eka viSNukuNDezvara--- (vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 sthAna) kUrma0 2 / 35133-35 / ___ ka0, pR068)| kujAvana-padma0 1 / 39 / 34 / kuNDoda--(kAzI ke pAsa eka pahAr3I) vana0 87 / 25 / - kugjikApITha--(yahA~ para ziva dvArA le jAte hue satI zava se satI kA guptAMga gira par3A thA) kAlikA kuNDalezvara--(1) (narmadA ke antargata) mtsy090|- 64 / 53-54 evaM 71-72 / 12; (2) (zrIparvata ke dakSiNa dvAra para) liMga0 kubhA--(sambhavataH Adhunika kAbula nadI) R0 5 / 11921149 / 53 / 9 evaM 10 / 75 / 6 / yaha TaoNlemI kI kophesa evaM kuDmalA----(eka nadI) matsya0 22 / 46 (yahA~ kA eriyana kI kophena hai (ai0 i0, pR0 179) / zrAddha adhika puNyadAyaka hotA hai)| kAbula nadI ohinda ke pAsa aTaka se kucha mIla kundavana--(mathurA ke 12 vanoM meM tIsarA vana) varAha. uttara sindhu meM mila jAtI hai| pANini (5 / 1 / 153 / 32 / 77) ne uttarApatha kA ullekha kiyA hai (uttarakubera---sArasvata tIrthoM meM eka, devala0 (tI0 ka0, pathenAhRtaM c)| uttarApatha uttara meM eka mArga hai jo pR0 250) / aTaka ke pAsa sindhu ke pAra jAtA hai| kumjaka--nAradIya0 2 / 60 / 25, garur3a 1 / 8 / 10 (kubja- kumAra-padma0 1138 / 61 / ke zrIdharo hriH)| kumAra-kozalA-tIrtha-vAyu0 77137 / kubjAmraka--(yahA~ gaMgAdvAra ke pAsa raibhya kA Azrama thA) kumArakoTI-vana0 82 / 117, padma0 1125 / 23, agni0 vn084|40, mtsy022|66, pdm01|32|5| vi. 109 / 13 / dha0 sU0 85 / 15, kUrma0 2 / 20 / 33, garur3a (1181 / kumAratIrtha-nRsiMha0 65 / 17 (tI0 ka0, pR0 252) / 10) kA kathana hai ki yaha eka mahAn zrAddha-tIrtha hai| kumAra-dhArA-vi0 dha0 sU0 85 / 25, vAyu0 77 / 85, varAha0 125 / 101 evaM 132 evaM 126 / 3-3 (yaha vana0 84 / 149 (jo pitAmaha-kuNDa se nikalatI mAyA tIrtha arthAt haridvAra hai)| varAha0 (adhyAya hai), vAma0 84 / 23, kUrma0 2137 / 20 (svAmitIrtha 126) meM isakA mAhAtmya hai| aura dekhie kalpataru ke pAsa), brahmANDa0 3 / 13 / 94-95 (dhyAna ke lie (tIrtha para, pR0 206-208) / varAha0 (126 / 10- vyAsa kA Asana evaM kaantipurii)| 12) meM nAma kI vyAkhyA hai| bhagavAn dvArA sUcita kumArI-(kepa kAmorina, jahA~ kumArI devI kA eka

Page #429
1422 mandira hai, jisameM devI kI, sundarI kanyA ke rUpa meM pratimA hai| TAlemI ne ise 'koumAriyA' evaM poriplasa ne ise komara yA 'komAreI' kahA hai / vana0 88 / 14 ( pANDaya deza meM ), vAyu 0 77 28, brahmANDa0 3 / 13 | 28| brahmANDa0 (2 / 16 / 11 ) evaM matsya0 ( 114 / 10) kA kathana hai ki bhAratavarSa kA navA~ dvIpa kumArI se gaMgA ke udgama sthala taka vistRta hai| zabara ( jaimini0 10 | 1|35 ) ne kahA hai ki 'caru' zabda himAlaya se kumArI deza taka 'sthAlI' ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai / kumArila -- ( kazmIra meM vitastA para ) vAma0 81 / 11 / kumArezvara liMga -- skanda 0 1 2 1416, vAma0 46 / 23 / kumudAkara- (kubjAbhraka ke antargata ) varAha0 126 / 25-26 / kumudvatI - (vindhya se nikalI huI eka nadI ) vAyu0 45 / 102, brahma0 27 / 33 / kumbha --- (zrAddha ke lie upayukta sthala) vAyu0 77 / 47 / kumbhakarNAzrama - vana0 84 / 157, padma0 1 38 64 / kumbhakoNa -- ( Adhunika kumbhakoNam, taMjaura jile meM ) dharmazAstra kA itihAsa skanda0 3, brahmakhaNDa 52 / 101 / kumbhIzvara - ( varaNA ke pUrvI taTa para, vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 45 ) | kuraGgaH-- anu0 25 / 12 / kurujAMgala - ( paMjAba meM sarahinda, zrAddhatIrtha ) matsya 0 21 / 9 evaM 28, vAyu0 77 / 83, vAma0 22 / 47 ( yaha sarasvatI evaM dRSadvatI ke bIca meM hai), 8413 evaM 17, kUrma 0 2037 36, bhAga0 3 / 1 / 24, 1086 20 dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 4, adhyAya 15 / kurajAMgalAraNya - devIpurANa (tI0 kR0, pR0 244) / kurukSetra--- dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 4, adhyAya 15 / kurukSetra- mAhAtmya meM 180 tIrthoM kA varNana hai, kintu aisA vizvAsa hai ki yahA~ 360 tIrtha haiN| dekhie aiM0 ji0, pR0 332 / kulampuna vana0 83 / 904, padma0 1 / 26 / 97 / kulizI - (nadI) R0 1 / 104|4| kulezvara - ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 17755 / kulyA (nadI) anu0 25/56 ( tI0 ka0, pR0 247) / kuzatIrtha (narmadA ke antargata ) kUrma 0 2 / 41 / 33 / kuzastambha - anu0 25/28 ( tI0 ka0, pR0 246 ) / kuzasthala - ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 157/ 16 / kuzasthalI - (1) (yaha dvArakA hI hai, Anarta kI rAjadhAnI) viSNuM 0 4|1|64 evaM 91, matsya0 12 | 22, 699, vAyu0 86 / 24 evaM 88, bhAga0 71 14 / 31, 9 / 3 / 28 (Anarta ke putra revata ne ke samudra bhItara isa nagara ko basAyA aura Anarta para rAjya kiyA), 12 / 12 / 36 ( kRSNa ne isa nagara ko basAyA thA ) / ( 2 ) ( kosala kI rAjadhAnI, jahA~ rAma ke putra kuza ne rAjya karanA Arambha kiyA thA ) rAmA0 7 / 10 / 17, vAyu0 88/199 ( 3 ) ( duHzAvatI, jisakA pahale kA nAma kusInArA thA, jahA~ buddha ko nirvANa prApta huA thA) es0 bI0 I0, jilda 11, pR0 248 // kuzatarpaNa - ( godAvarI ke antargata) brahma0 161 / 1 (ise pariNItAsaMgama bhI kahA jAtA hai) / kuzaplavana - vana 0 85 / 36 / kuzAvarta --- (1) ( nAsika ke pAsa tryambakezvara ) vi0 gha0 sU0 85 / 11, brahma0 8012, matsya0 22 / 69 | dekhie bambaI gaje 0 ( jilda 16, pR0 651 (2) (haridvAra ke pAsa ) anu0 25 | 13, nAradIya0 240 79, bhAga0 3 / 20|4| kuzezaya-- ( kuzezvara ) matsya0 22|76 / kuzikasyAzrama - ( kauzikI nadI 131-132 // para ) vana0 84 / kuzIvaTa nRsiMha0 ( tI0 ka0, pR0 252) / kusumezvara - ( narmadA ke antargata ) matsya 0 191 | 112-117 evaM 125 / kUSmANDezvara - ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 103) /

Page #430
tIrthasUcI 1423 phUTaka--(parvata) bhAga0 5 / 6 / 7 (kuTaka), vana0 19 / / 1 // 32 // 12 (zloka 16-18 meM nAma kI vyAkhyA kI 16 (kuuttk)| gayI hai), padma0 1134 / 10, nAradIya0 2 / 49 / 6-9 kUTazaila--(parvata) vAyu0 45 / 92, brahmANDa 0 2 / 16 / / (vibhinna yugoM meM vibhinna nAma the, yaha tretA yuga kA 23 (sambhavataH yaha uparyukta kUTaka hI hai)| nAma hai)| kuzAvatI--(vindhya ke DhAla para kosala ko rAjadhAnI kRpA--(zuktimAn parvata se nikalI huI nadI) matsya ___ jahA~ kuza ne rAjya kiyA) bAyu0 88 / 199, rAmA0 114 / 32, brahmANDa0 2 / 16 / 38 / / 7 / 107 / 7 / mahAsudassana sutta (esa0 bI0 I0 kRpANItIyaM--(kazmIra meM muNDapRSTha pahAr3I para) 11, pR0 248) meM aisA AyA hai ki kusInArA nIlamata0 1253, 1460 / kuzAvatI ke nAma se mahAsudassana rAjA kI ngriithii| kRmivarezvara--(vArANasI ke ATha zivasthAnoM meM eka) ara--(himAlaya se nikalI huI nadI) matsya0 114 / matsya0 181 / 29 / 21, vAyu0 45 / 95, brahmANDa0 2 / 16 / 25, vAma0 kRSNa-gaMgA--(mathurA ke antargata) varAha0 175 / 3 / 57 / 80, brahma0 27 / 26 / matsya0 (121 / 46) meM kRSNagaMgodbhava-tIrtha-(mathurA ke antargata) varAha0 'kuhUn' nAma eka deza kA hai, yA yaha gandhAroM evaM 176 / 43 (sampUrNa adhyAya meM isakA mAhAtmya varNita aurasoM ke nAma para par3A, aisA kahA gayA hai| isakI hai)| pahacAna ThIka se nahIM ho sakI hai| kRSNagiri--(parvata) vAyu0 45 / 91, brahmANDa0 2 / kRkalAsatIrtha--(ise nRgatIrtha bhI kahA jAtA hai) tIrtha- 16 // 22 / prakAza (pR0 542), anu0 6 / 38 evaM adhyAya kRSNatIrtha- (kurukSetra ke pAsa) vAma0 81 / 9 / 70, rAmA0 (753) meM varNana AyA hai ki rAjA kRSNa-veNA-bhISma0 9 / 16, matsya0 22 / 45, agni nRga kisa prakAra giragiTa ho gyaa| 11817, brahma0 27 / 35, vaayu045|1.4 / samrATa kRtamAlA--(malaya se nirgata nadI) vAyu0 45 / 105. khAravela ke zilAlekha (epi0 iNDi0, jilda 20, brahma0 27 / 36, matsya0 1 / 4 / 30, brahmANDa0 3 / pR077) meM kanhabemanA' nAma AyA hai| anu0 (166 / 35 / 17, bhAga0 8 / 24 / 12, 1079 / 16, 11 // 22) meM veNyA evaM kRSNa-veNA pRthak-pRthak nAma Aye' 5 / 39, viSNu0 2 / 3 / 13, / de (pR0 104) ne kahA haiN| rASTrakUTa govinda dvitIya ke alasa dAna-patra meM hai ki yaha vaigA nadI hai jisa para madurA sthita hai| (769 I0) kRSNaveNA evaM musI ke saMgama kA ullekha dekhie 'payasvinI' ke antargata / bhAgavata meM AyA hai hai (epi0 iNDi0, jilda 6, pR0 208) / ki manu ne isa nadI para tapa kiyA aura matsya ko kRSNA -veNyA--(uparyukta eka nadI) padma0 (6 / 108 / avatAra rUpa meM prakaTa hone meM sahAyatA kii| 27) meM kRSNA evaM veNyA ke saMgama kA ullekha hai, kRtazIca-matsya0 13 / 45, 179 / 87, vAma0 9015 6 / 113 / 3 evaM 25 (kRSNA kRSNa kA zarIra hai), (yahA~ nRsiMha kI pratimA hai), padma0 6 / 280 / 18 // smRtica0 (1, pR0 132) ne kRSNA-veNyA meM snAna kRttikAMgAraka--anu0 25 / 22 / kA mantra likhA hai| dekhie tIrthasAra (pR0 67-83) kRttikAzrama-anu0 25 / 25 / / jahA~ pR0 70 meM AyA hai ki sahya se nirgata sabhI kRttikAtIrtha-(godAvarI ke antargata) brahma0 811 / nadiyA~ smaraNa-mAtra se pApoM ko kATa detI haiM kRttivAsa- (vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, aura kRSNA-veNyA sarvottama hai| mohulI, jo satArA pR040)| se 4 mIla para hai, kRSNA .evaM yennA ke saMgama kRttivAsezvara liMga-(vArA0 ke antrgt)| kUrma para hai|

Page #431
1424 kRSNa-veNI --- ( uparyukta nadI) matsya0 114 / 29, rAmA0 5/41|9| tIrthasAra ( pR0 67-82 ) meM skanda0 se kRSNaveNI kA mAhAtmya uddhRta hai / kRSNA -- (1) ( mahAbalezvara meM sahya parvata se nikalanevAlI nadI ) brahma0 775, padma0 6 / 193 / 25, vAma 0 13 | 30; (2) vAma0 7817, 9012 ( isa nadI para hayazira ke rUpa meM viSNu) / ise bahudhA kRSNa-veNyA yA kRSNa-veNA kahA gayA hai| yaha dakSiNa kI tIna vizAla nadiyoM meM eka hai, anya do haiM godAvarI evaM kAverI / 'mahAbalezvara mAhAtmya' (je0 bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 es, jilda 10, pR0 16) meM mahAbalezvara ke pAsa sahya se nikalI huI gaMgA nAmaka pA~ca nadiyoM kA ullekha hai-- kRSNA, veNI, kakudmatI ( koyanA ), sAvitrI ( jo bANakoTa ke pAsa arabasAgara meM giratI hai) evaM gAyatrI ( jo sAvitrI se milI kahI gayI hai) / ketakIvana --- ' vaidyanAtha' ke antargata dekhie / ketumAlA --- ( pazcima meM eka nadI ) vana0 89 / 15 / kevAra -- ( 1 ) ( vArANasI ke ATha zivatIrthoM meM eka ) dharmazAstra kA itihAsa vana0 87 / 25, matsya0 181 / 29, kUrma0 1 / 35 / 12 evaM 2 |20134 ( zrAddha-tIrtha), agni0 112 / 5, liMga 0 1 / 92 / 7 evaM 134; (2) (gar3havAla meM kedAra nAtha ) vi0 dha0 sU0 85 / 17 / yaha samudra se 11750 phuTa U~cA hai / pA~ca kedAra vikhyAta haiM ---- kedAranAtha, tuMganAtha, rudranAtha, madhyamezvara evaM kalpezvara / dekhie u0 pra0 gaje0, jilda 36, pR0 173 (gar3havAla) ; ( 3 ) ( kazmIra meM ) ha0 ci0 8169 (vijayezvara se eka kosa nIce ); (4) ( gayA ke antargata ) nAradIya0 2246|46; (5) (va ( kapiSThala kA ) padma0 1 / 26 / 69 / kezava -- (1) (vArANasI meM ) matsya 0 185 / 68; ( 2 ) ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 163 / 63 / kezitIrtha -- (gagA ke antargata ) tIrthaprakAza, pR0 515 / kezinItIrtha - ( narmadA ke antargata) padma0 1 / 21 / 40 / kailApura -- (lalitA ke pacAsa pIThoM meM eka ) brahmANDa 0 4|44 / 97 / kailAsa zikhara -- ( himAlaya kA eka zikhara samudra se 22000 phuTa U~cA, mAnasarovara se 25 mIla uttara ) vana0 139 41 ( 6 yojana U~cA ), 153 / 1, 158/1518, matsya0 121 / 2-3; brahmANDa0 4/44/95 ( lalitAdevI ke 50 pIThoM meM eka ); dekhie svAmI praNavAnanda kA lekha (je0 yU0 pI0 eca0esa0, jilda 19, pR0 168-180 ) aura unakI pustaka 'kailAsa mAnasarovara' evaM svena heDina kA 'TrAMsa- himAlaya' ( san 1909) / dekhie de ( pR0 82-83 ) / satalaja, siMdhu, brahmaputra evaM karNAlI kA udgama sthala kailAsa hai yA mAnasa, abhI taka yaha bAta vivAdagrasta hai / kokA - (nadI) varAha0 214 / 45, brahma0 219/20 / kokAmukha - ( yA varAhakSetra, jo pUrNiyA jile meM nAthapura ke Upara triveNI para hai) vana0 84 / 158, anu0 25 / 52, varAha0 122 ( yahA~ kokA mukha mAhAtmya hai), 123 / 2, 140 / 10-13 / ( tI0 ka0, pR0 213214), brahma0 219 / 8-10 ( devoM ne eka sundarI se pUchA - 'kAsi bhadre prabhuH ko vA bhavatyAH'), kUrma 0 1 / 31 / 47, 2 / 35 / 36 ( yaha viSNutIrtha hai ), padma0 1|38|65 | varAha0 ( 140 160-83 ) meM AyA hai ki yaha kSetra vistAra meM pA~ca yojana hai aura varAhAvatAra ke viSNu kI eka mUrti hai| dekhie epi0 iNDi0, jilda 15, pR0 138 - 139 ( jahA~ budhagupta kA eka zilAlekha hai, jisameM kokAmukha- svAmI ke pratiSThApana kA ullekha hai ) / aura dekhie DA0 bI0 sI0 laoNM bheTagrantha (bhAga 1, pR0 189 - 191), iNDiyana hisTArikala kvArTaralI (jilda 21, pR0 56 ) / kokila -- ( vArANasI ke antargata ) padma0 1|37|16 evaM 5 / 11 / 10 / koTarA-tIrtha--- ( sAbhramatI ke antargata ) padma 6 / 152 / 2 evaM 13 (aniruddha se sambandhita, jisake lie kRSNa ne bANAsura se yuddha kiyA thA ) / koTarA-vana -- pANini / ( 6 | 3 | 117 evaM 8 414) ne isakA nAma liyA hai| dekhie 'kizuluka' evaM pANini (8|4|4), jahA~ pA~ca vanoM ke nAma Aye haiM /

Page #432
koTikezvara -- ( narmadA ke antargata ) padma0 1 / 18 / 36 / koTIzvara - - ( 1 ) ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 ( tI0 ka0, pR054); (2) (zrIparvata ke antargata ) liMga0 1192 / 157; (3) (paMcanada ke antargata ) vAma0 34 / 29; kyA yaha sindhu evaM samudra ke pAsa kaccha ke pazcima taTa kA koTIzvara hai, jo tIrthayAtrA kA prasiddha sthala hai ? aiM0 ji0, pR0 302 4evaM bambaI. gaje 0 ( jilda 5, pR0 229-231) / koTitIrtha -- (1) (pRthUdaka ke pAsa ) vAma0 51 53, 84111-15 ( jahA~ karor3oM muniyoM ke darzana hetu ziva ne eka karor3a rUpa dhAraNa kiye the); (2) (bhartRsthAna ke pAsa ) vana0 55 | 61; (3) (prayAga ke antargata) matsya0 106 44 ( 4 ) ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 152/62, 154 / 29; (5) ( narmadA ke antargata ) matsya0 19117, kUrma 0 2041 34, padma0 1 / 13 / 33 evaM 18 / 8 ( yahA~ eka karor3a asura mAre gaye); ( 6 ) ( godAvarI ke dakSiNI taTa para ) brahma0 148|1; ( 7 ) ( gaMgAdvAra ke pAsa ) vana0 82 / 49; vana0 84 / 77, nAradIya 0 2/66 / 29 (8) (paMcanada meM ) padma0 1 / 26 / 14, vAma0 34 / 28 ( yahA~ hara ne karor3oM tIrthoM se jala ekatra kiyA thA ); ( 9 ) ( gayA ke antargata ) agni 0 116/6 (10) ( kazmIra meM Adhunika koTisara, bArAmUlA ke pAsa ) kazmIra riporTa ( pR0 12 ) / koTivaTa -- ( kokAmukha ke antargata ) varAha0 140 | 47-50, 147140 / koNArka (yA koNAditya ) - ( oDU yA ur3IsA meM; jagannAthapurI ke pazcima lagabhaga 24 mIla kI dUrI para ) isakA artha hai 'koNa kA sUrya' / 'konAkona' sambhavataH prAcIna nAma / yaha sUrya-pUjA kA eka jvalanta smRti cihna hai| yahA~ narasiMhadeva (1238-1264 I0 ) dvArA, jo eka gaMga rAjA the, nirmita bhavya mandira ke bhagnAvazeSa haiN| uttara bhArata ke bhAskara - zilpa kA yaha advitIya namUnA hai| isakA zikhara 180 phuTa aura maNDapa tIrthasUcI 1425 140 phuTa U~cA thA / dekhie DA0 mitra kRta 'aiNTikviTIz2a Ava ur3IsA' (jilda 2, pR0 145-156), haNTara kRta 'ur3IsA' (jilda 1, pR0 288 ) evaM mADarna rivyU (1945, pR0 67-72 ) kA lekha 'sana gaoNDa Ava ko gArka anaartha / brahma0 28 2, 9, 11,47, 65 evaM 29 / 1, tIrthaci 0 ( pR0 180 ) / yaha sambhavata: TaoNlemI ( pR070 ) kA 'kannagara' hai / kolApura -- ( yaha Adhunika kolhApura hai, jo devIsthAnoM meM eka hai ) devIbhAga0 7 / 38/5, padma0 6 176 / 42 ( yahA~ lakSmI kA eka mandira hai ), 182 / 1 ( asti kolhApuraM nAma nagaraM dakSiNApathe ) evaM 11 / brahmANDa 0 4144 97 ( yaha lalitAtIrtha hai ) / zilAhAra vijayAditya ke dAna-patra (san 1143 I0 ) meM 'kSullakApura' nAma AyA hai, jo kolhApura kA eka anya nAma hai (epi0 iNDi0, jilda 3, pR0 207 evaM 209 - 210 ) / amoghavarSa prathama ke saMjana dAna-patra (871 I0) meM AyA hai ki rAjA ne kisI jana- vipatti ko dUra karane ke lie apanA bAyA~ a~gUThA kATakara mahAlakSmI devI ko car3hA diyA (epi0 iNDi0, jilda 18, pR0 235 evaM 241) / yaha kolhApura vAlI mahAlakSmI hI haiN| dekhie iNDiyana eNTIkverI, jilda 29, pR0 280 / kolla -- bArhaspatya sUtra ( 3 | 124 ) ke anusAra yaha zAkta kSetra hai / kollagiri - agni0 110 / 21, bhAga 0 5 / 19 / 16 / kolAhala -- ( eka parvata ) vAyu0 45/90, 106/45, brahmANDa 0 2 / 16 / 21, mArka 0 54|12, viSNu 0 3 / 18 / 73 | DA0 mitra ke anusAra yaha brahmayoni pahAr3I hai / Adi0 (63 / 345 ) ke mata se yaha cedideza meM hai, jisane zuktimatI ke pravAha ko roka diyA hai| kozalA - ( nadI, ayodhyA ke pAsa ) padma0 1|39| 11,6206 / 13, 207/35-36, 208 / 27 / vAkATaka rAjA narendrasena ke dAna-patra meM usako kosalA ( kosala), mekala evaM mAlavA ke rAjAoM dvArA sammAnita kahA gayA hai| dekhie epi0 iNDi0 ( jilda 9, pR0 271) /

Page #433
1426 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa kaunaTa--vAma0 51153 / kauzikImahAhada-vAyu0 77 / 101, brahmANDa0 3 / 13 / kauberatIrtha---zalya 0 47 / 25 (jahA~ kubera ko dhana kA 109 / svAmitva prApta huaa| kauzikI-saMgama-(duSadvatI ke sAtha) padya0 // 26 // 89, kaumAratIrtha--(eka sara) brahmANDa0 3 / 13 / 86 / vaam034|18| uparyukta do anya nadiyoM se yaha kauzAmbI-prayAga se pazcima 30 mIla dUra Adhu- pRthak lagatI hai| nika kosama) rAmA0 (1 / 32 / 6) meM AyA hai ki kauzikI-tIrtha-(narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 194|yh brahmA ke pautra evaM kuza ke putra kuzAmba dvArA sthA- 40 / pita huI thI; tI0 ka0, pR0 246 / mahAbhASya (jilda kauzikyaruNAsaMgama-vana0 84 / 156, padma0 1138 / 3, pR0 50,134, pANini 6 / 1131) meM yaha kaI bAra 63 / ullikhita huI hai| abhidhAnacintAmaNi (pR0 18) kaustubhezvara--(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI. meM AyA hai ki yaha vatsa deza kI rAjadhAnI thii| dekhie aiM0 ji0 (pR. 391-398)evaM 'hastinApura' ke anta- kauzikahUda--(kauzikI nadI para) vana0 84142rgt| dekhie nagendranAtha ghoSa kRta 'arlI hisTrI Ava 143, pama0 1138158 (jahA~ vizvAmitra ko atykaushaambii'| azoka ke kauzAmbI stambhAbhilekha tama siddhi prApta huii)| (sI0 AI0 AI0, jilda 1, pR0 159) ne isa kamasAra--(kazmIra meM eka sara, ise viSNupada bhI kahA Adhunika nagara ke mahAmAtroM kA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai) nIlamata0 1481-1482 / hai| DA. smitha ne 'kosama' nahIM mAnA hai (je0 Ara0 RtutIrSa-(narmadA ke antargata) padma0 1 / 21 / 9 / e0esa0, 1898, pR0 503-519) / kozAmbI ke kriyA-(RkSavAn se nikalI huI eka nadI) brahmANDa vibhinna sthAnoM ke viSaya meM dekhie epi0 innddi02|16|29| (jilda 11, pR0 141) / kam-(nadI) R0 5 / 53 / 9 evaM 10175 / 6 / sAmAkauzikI--(1) (himAlaya se nikalanevAlI, Adhanika nyataH ise Adhunika kurrama kahA jAtA hai jo isAkhela kosI) Adi0 21517, vana0841132, matsya0 ke pAsa sindha ke pazcima taTa meM mila jAtI hai| 22 / 63, 114 / 22, rAmAyaNa 113417-9, bhAga0 dekhie de (pR0 105) / 9 / 15 / 5-12 (gAdhi kI putrI satyavatI kozikI nadI kozodaka-varAha0 215 / 87-88 / ho gayI), vAma0 54 / 22-24 (isakA nAma isalie kauJcapadI-anu0 25 / 42 / par3A ki kAlo ne gaura varNa dhAraNa karane ke uparAnta kauJca parvata--(kailAsa kA vaha bhAga, jahA~ mAnasarovara apanA kAlA koza yahA~ chor3a diyA thA), 7845, avasthita hai) taittirIyAraNyaka (1 / 3112) ne 90 / 2, vAyu0 45 / 94, 91185-88 / vizvAmitra isakA ullekha kiyA hai| rAmA0 4 / 43 / 26-31, (Adi0 71 / 30-31) ne isa nadI ko pArA kahA bhISma0 111157 (skanda ke cakra dvArA bhedita), hai| (2) (gayA ke antargata) vana0 87 / 13, zalya0 17.51 evaM 46 / 83-84 / vAyu0 108 / 81 (kauzikI brahmadA jyesstthaa)| jaisA kIJcapada--(gayA ke antargata) vAyu0 10875ki pro0 dIkSitAra (purANa iNDeksa, jilda 2, pR0 77 (eka muni ne kauMca pakSo ke rUpa meM yahA~ tapa kiyA 507) ne kahA hai, yahA~ 'brahmadA' kauzikI kA vizeSaNa thaa)| nAradIya0 2 / 46 / 52, agni0 1167 / hai na ki kisI anya nadI kA nAma / kauJcAraNya-(janasthAna se tIna kosa dUra) rAmA0 kaushikii-kokaa-sNgm--vraah0140175-78| 3169 / 5-8 /

Page #434
toryasUcI 1427 kSamA--(RSyavAn se nikalI huI nadI) matsya0 114 / khANDava (vana)---kurukSetra kI sImA (te. A0 5 / 1 / 1) / 25 / dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 4, adhyAya 15 / tANDya kSiprA--(vindhya se nikalI huI nadI) matsya0 114 / jAhmaNa 25 / 3 / 6 (yahA~ nAma AyA hai), Adi0 223 27, vaam083|18-19 / kucha mudrita granthoM meM 'ziprA' 225, bhAga0 1 / 15 / 8, 1058 / 25-27, 1071|yaa 'siprA' zabda AyA hai (vAyu0 45 / 98) / matsya0 45-46, padma0 62005 meM AyA hai ki kSiprA vindhya se nikalatI hai, kintu khANDavaprastha-- (eka nagara) Adi0 61 // 35, 221 / 114-24 meM AyA hai ki yaha pAriyAtra se nikalI hai| 15, bhAga0 10 / 73 / 32 (jahA~ jarAsandha ko mArakara mudrita brahma (adhyAya 27) meM 'siprA' do bAra AyA kRSNa, bhIma evaM arjuna lauTe the)| hai, jisameM eka pAriyAtra (zloka 29) se aura dUsarI khonamuSa-(kazmIra meM) bilhaNa kavi kI janma-bhUmi vindhya (zloka 33) se nikalI huI kahI gayI hai| aura kuMkuma-utpAdana ke lie prsiddh| vikramAMkadevabrahmANDa0 (2 / 16 / 29, 30) meM yaha brahma ke samAna carita 1 / 72, 18171 ('khonamukha' pAThAntara AyA kahI gayI hai| hai), sTona-smRti, pR0 166 (Adhunika khunamoha, kSIravatI--(nadI) vana0 84168 (sarasvatI evaM jisameM do gA~va haiN)| bAhudA ke pazcAt vistRta huii)| kSorikA--(jahA~ nIlakaNTha haiM) vAma0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 238) / gaMgA--dekhie isa grantha ke khaNDa 4 kA adhyAya 13 / kSuSAtIrya--(godAvarI ke antargata) brahma0 85 / 1 / gaMgA-kozikI-saMgama--tI0 ka0, pR0 357-358 / kSemezvara ---(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, gaMgA-gaNDakI-saMgama-tI0 ka0, pR0 357 / pR0 117) / gaMgA-gomatI-saMgama-tI0 ka0, pR0 358 / gaMgAdvAra-(yaha haridvAra kA eka nAma hai) bana0 81 / 14, 90.21, 142 / 9-10, anu0 25 / 13, kharvAgezvara---(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 karma0 1115141 evaM 47 (yahA~ dakSa kA yajJa vIrabhadra ka0, pR0 56) / dvArA naSTa kara diyA gayA thA), 2 / 20133 (zrAddha ke khaDgatIrtha--(1) (sAbhramatI ke antargata) padma0 atyanta prasiddha sthaloM meM eka), vi0 dha0 sU0 85138, 6 / 140 / 1; (2) (godAvarI ke antargata) brahma0 agni0 47 (yahA~ vAmana bali ke pAsa Aye haiM), 139 / 1 (uttarI taTa pr)| paa05|5|3 evaM 5 / 26 / 103 / bAha sU0 (3 / 129) khaDgadhArAtIrya (yA khddgdhaareshvr)-pdm06|147|1|| ke anusAra yaha zaivakSetra hai| matsya0 (22 / 10) evaM 67 / dekhie bambaI gaje0 (jilda 4,506) ne eka hI zloka meM gaMgAdvAra evaM mAyAparI ko bAgapuccha nAga-kazmIra meM) ha0 ci0 10 // 251 alaga-alaga vaNita kiyA hai| (vijayezvara kSetra khana se tIna mIla Upara, ise Aja- gaMgA-mAnuSa-saMgama--(kazmIra ke pAsa) nIlamata0 kala anantanAga paragane meM khaMbala kahA jAtA hai)| 1457 / khaNDatIrtha-(sAbhramatI ke antargata) padma0 6 / 137 / 12 gaMgA-yamunA-saMgama--(arthAt prayAga, vahIM dekhie) vana0 (ise vRSatIrtha bhI kahA jAtA hai)| 84135 / khaviravana-(mathurA ke antargata) varAha0 153 / 39 gaMgAvat--(narmadA ke antargata) padma0 1 / 20 / 16 (bAraha vanoM meM sAtavA~ vn)| (gaNezvara ke paas)|

Page #435
1428 gaMgA - varaNA - saMgama - ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 ( tI0 ka0, pR0 45 ) / gaMgA - vadana -saMgama - - ( narmadA ke antargata ) matsya0 193 / 20 / gaMgA - sarayU - saMgama ---- raghuvaMza 8 / 95, tIrthaprakAza, pR0 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa 357 / gaMgA-sarasvatI - saMgama vana0 84138, padma0 1 / 32 / 3 / gaMgA - sAgara - saMgama -- vi0 dha0 sU0 85128, matsya0 22 / 11 ( yaha 'sarvatIrthamaya' hai ) padma0 1|39|4, tIrthaprakAza ( pR0 355 - 356 ) meM mAhAtmya diyA huA hai / gaMgA - ha ba -- padma0 1 / 22/63 ( kurukSetra ke antargata ) vana0 83 / 201, anu0 25/34. gaMgezvara -- ( 1 ) ( vArANasI ke antargata ) nAradIya0 2|49 / 46 (2) ( narmadA ke antargata) matsya 0 193 / 14 / gaMgodbhava -- vana0 84/65, matsya0 22/25, padma0 1 / 32 / 29, agni0 109 / 18 / gajakarNa -- (pitR tIrthoM meM eka ) matsya0 22 / 38 / gajakSetra -- ( zivakSetra) bArhaspatya sUtra 3 / 122 / gajazaila -- (mAnasarovara ke dakSiNa eka parvata ) vAyu 0 36 / 24 / gajasAhvayo -- ( yA nAgasAhvaya ) ( yaha hastinApura hI hai) viSNu0 5 / 35 / 8, 19, 30-32, vAma0 7828, bhAga0 11456, TIkA kA kathana hai- 'gajena sahita nAma yasya'); bRhatsaMhitA 1414 ( gajAhvaya) / gajAhvaya --- ( yaha hastinApura hI hai) svargArohaNa parva 5/34 / gajezvara - (zrIzaila ke antargata) liMga0 1 / 92 / 136 / gaNatIrtha - - (1) (una tIrthoM meM eka, jahA~ ke zrAddha se parama pada milatA hai) matsya0 22 / 73 (2) ( sAbhramatI ke antargata) padma0 6 / 133 / 24 / gaNDakI -- (himAlaya se nikalakara bihAra meM sonapura ke pAsa gaMgA meM mila jAtI hai) yaha eriyana kI 'koNDochaTesa' hai ( aiM iNDi0, pR0 188 ) / Adi0 170/ C 20-21 ( una sAta mahAn nadiyoM meM eka, jo pApa naSTa karatI haiM), sabhA0 20 / 27, vana0 84 / 13, vana0 222 / 22 ('gaNDasAhvayA' sambhavataH gaNDakI hI hai ), padma0 1138 30, 4 / 20 / 12 ( isameM pAye jAnevAle prastara khaNDoM para cakra-cihna hote haiM) / varAha0 ( 144 - 146 ) evaM brahmANDa0 (2 / 16 / 26 ) meM AyA hai ki yaha nadI viSNu ke kapola ke pasIne se nikalI hai / viSNu ne ise varadAna diyA ki maiM zAlagrAma prastarakhaNDoM ke rUpa meM tumameM sadaiva virAjamAna rahU~gA ( varAha0 144 / 35-58 ) / gaNDakI, devikA evaM pulastyAzrama se nikalI huI nadiyA~ triveNI banAtI haiM ( varAha 0 144|84) / yaha nepAla meM 'zAlagrAmI' evaM u0 pra0 meM 'nArAyaNI' kahalAtI hai / gavAkuNDa -- ( zAlagrAma ke antargata ) varAha0 145 / 49 / gadAlola -- ( gayA meM brahmayoni ke donoM ora eka-eka kuNDa ) vAyu0 109 / 11-13, 11175-76, agni 0 115/69; aura dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 4, adhyAya 14 / gandhakAlI - (nadI) vAyu0 77844, brahmANDa 0 3 / 13 / 76 / gandhamAdana -- ( vaha parvata, jisa para badrInAtha avasthita haiM) nRsiMha0 65 / 10 (tI0 ka0, pR0 252), viSNu0 2 / 2 / 18 ( meru ke dakSiNa), mArka0 51/5 ( nara-nArAyaNAzrama kA sthala ), matsya0 13 / 26 / gandhavatI -- ( 1 ) ( ekAmraka ke pAsa udayagiri kI pahA - r3iyoM se nirgata eka punIta nadI, yadyapi zivapurANa ne ise vindhya se nirgata kahA hai ) dekhie DA0 mitra kRta 'aiNTIkviTIz2a Ava ur3IsA' (jilda 2, pR0 98 ) / ( 2 ) ( ziprA kI eka choTI sahAyaka nadI ) meghadUta 1 / 33 / gandharva kuNDa -- ( mathurA ke antargata ) vraah016-3|13 / gandharvanagara - tI0 ka0, pR0 247 / mandharvatIrtha -- ( vArANasI ke antargata ) padma0 1 36| 13, zalya0 37|10 ( sarasvatI ke gargasrota para ) |

Page #436
tIrthasUcI 1429 gabhastIza--(vArANasI ke antargata) skanda0 6 / 33 / gartezvara--(mathurA ke antargata) varAha0 169 / 17 154 / 176 / 6 / gabhIraka-(mandAra ke dakSiNa bhAga ke antargata) varAha0 gallikA--(gaNDakI nadI kA eka anya nAma) padma0 143 / 42 / 67642, (jahA~ zAlagrAma pASANa pAye jAte haiM) gambhIrA--(1) (eka nadI jo vijayezvara ke nIce 6 / 129 / 14 / vitastA se mila jAtIhai) ha. ci0101192, sTIna- gAyatrIsthAna-vana0 85 / 28 / smRti (pR0 170) / sTIna ne rAja0 (8 / 1063) gAyatrIzvara-(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI. kI TippaNI meM kahA hai ki yaha vitastA se milane ke ka0,10 70) / pUrva vizokA ke nimnatama bhAga kA nAma hai; (2) gAyatrItIrtha-(gayA ke antargata) vAyu0 112 / 21 / (madhya pradeza meM) meghadUta 1140; bRhatsaMhitA gANapatyatIrtha-(viSNu nAmaka pahAr3I para, sAbhramatI ke (16 / 15) ne 'gAmbhIrikA' nadI kA nAma liyA hai, pAsa) padma0 6 / 129 / 26, 6 / 163 / 1 / jo kSiprA se milatI hai| gAlava--dekhie 'paapprnnaashn'| gayA--(1) dekhie, isa grantha kA khaNDa 4 adhyAya 14; gAlavezvara--(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga. (tI0 (2) (badarikAzrama para pA~ca dhArAoM meM eka) ka0, pR0 98) / nAradIya0 2167157-58 / gArhapatyapada-(gayA ke antargata) vAyu0 111150 / gayAkedAraka-- (gayA ke antargata) agni0 115 / 53 / gAruDa-- (godAvarI ke antargata) brahma0 90 / 1 / gayA-niSkramaNa--nasiMha0 (tI0 ka0, pa0 252). yahA~ girikaNikA--matsya0 22139 / de (10 65) ne viSNu kA guhya nAma hari hai| ise sAbhramatI kahA hai| gayAzira--(rAjarSi gaya ke nAma se prasiddha pahAr3I) girikuJja--padma0 1 / 24 / 34 (jahA~ brahmA nivAsa karate vana0 95 / 9,87 / 11, vAyu0 105 / 29 (yaha vistAra haiN)| meM eka kosa hai), vAma0 22 / 20 (yaha brahmA kI pUrva girikUTa-(gayA ke antargata) nAradIya0 2 / 47 / 75 / vedI hai) agni0 115 / 25-26 (yaha phalgutIrtha hai)| girinagara--(kAThiyAvAr3a meM Adhunika jUnAgar3ha) DA0 baruA ('gayA eNDa buddhagayA', jilda 1, pR0 7) isake pAsa kI pahAr3I prAcIna kAla meM ujjayanta yA ke mata se yaha Adhunika brahmayoni pahAr3I hai| Urjayanta kahalAtI thI, kintu aba giranAra kahI jAtI gayAtIrtha--(vArANasI ke antargata) padma0 1137 / 5 / hai| de (pR065-66) ne isa para lambI TippaNI kI gayAzIrSa--(gayA nagara ke pAsa eka parvatazreNI) vi0 hai| eka pahAr3I ke Upara dattAtreya kI pAdukAoM (padadha0 sU0 85 / 4 / buddha 1000 bhikSuoM ke sAtha gayA ke cihnoM ke sAtha patthara) ke cihna yahA~ aMkita haiN| yahA~ pAsa gayAzIsa para gaye; dekhie mahAvagga 22101 azoka kA zilAlekha hai, ataH I0 pU0 tIsarI zatAbdI (esa0 bI0 I0, jilda 13, pR0 134) / dekhie meM yaha sthAna prasiddha rahA hogaa| janAgar3ha ke zilAlekha isa grantha ke khaNDa 4 kA adhyAya 14 / meM yaha prathama paMkti meM varNita hai (epi0 iNDi0, jilda gvaaN-bhvn-pdm026|46| 8, pR0 36, 42) / dekhie 'vastrApatha' ke antargata / garuDakezvara--(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 girikhaja-(jarAsandha evaM usake putra sahadeva se lekara ka0, pR067)| magadha ke rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI) ise bauddha kAla gargasrota--(sarasvatI para) zalya0 37 / 14 / meM rAjagRha kahA jAtA thaa| yaha paTanA se lagabhaga 62 gargezvara--(narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 191382 / mIla para hai| de (pR0 66-69) ne isa para lambI

Page #437
1430 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa TippaNI ko hai| sabhA0 2112-3 (yaha vaihAra, vipula, sahAyatArtha gaye the| dekhie epi0 karnATikA, varAha, vRSabha evaM RSigiri nAmaka pAMca pahAr3iyoM jilda 7, zikArapura, saMkhyA 99 (1113 I0), se ghirA huA evaM rakSita hai)| dekhie 'rAjagRha' ke jahA~ cAlakya tribhavanamalla ke rAjya ko 'gokarNapUra antrgt| rAmA0(23217) meM AyA hai ki yaha brahmA ke svAmI' kA karada kahA gayA hai| kUrma0 (2|35|ke pautra evaM kuza ke putra vasu dvArA sthApita huA thaa| 31) ne uttara-gokarNa evaM varAhapurANa (213|gurukulytiirth--(nrmdaa para) skanda0 111118 / - 7) ne dakSiNI evaM uttarI gokarNa kA ullekha kiyA 153 (jahA~ para bali ne azvamedhayajJa kiyaa)| hai| (2) (sarasvatI taTa para) varAha0 170 / 11; guhezvara--(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (to0 ka0, (3) (mathurA ke antargata) varAha0 171pR0 102) / 173; (4) (vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI. gRdhrakUTa-(1) (gayA ke antargata eka pahAr3I) ka0, pR0 113) / matsya0 (13 / 30) ne gokarNa vAyu0 77 / 97, 108 / 61, 11122, agni meM devI ko bhadrakaNikA kahA hai| 116 / 12, nAradIya0 2 / 45 / 95 evaM 47178; gokarNa-hada-vana0 88 / 15-16 / (2) (sarasvatI aura zuddhA ke saMgama para , jahA~ gokarNezvara--(himAlaya kI eka coTI para) varAha0 parazurAma ke raktaraMjita hAtha svaccha hue the) 215 / 118 / nIlamata0 1394-1395 / gokAmukha-(parvata) bhAga0 5 / 19 / 16 / gRdhravana--kUrma0 2 / 37138 / gokula-(eka mahAraNya) dekhie 'baja', padma0 4|gRdhrvtt-(1) (gayA meM gRdhrakUTa para) vana0 84 / - 69 / 18, bhAga0 2 / 7 / 31 / 91, agni0 116 / 12, padma0 1138 / 11 (yahA~ gograha--(ur3IsA meM, viraja ke antargata) brahma0 42 / 6 / bhasma se snAna hotA hai), nAradIya0 2 / 44172, gopana-(parvata) brahmANDa0 2 / 16 / 22 / vAyu0 108 / 63; aba vRkSa nahIM hai; (2) (sUkara- gotIrSa-(1) (naimiSa vana meM) vana0 95 / 3; kSetra meM, jahA~ gRdhra mAnava ho gayA thA) varAha0 (2) (prayAga meM) matsya0 110 / 1; (3) 137156 / (vArA0 ke antargata) kUrma0 1 / 33 / 13; (4) gujrezvara-liMga-(gRdhrakUTa para gayA ke antargata) (narmadA ke antargata) matsya. 193 // 3, padma0 agni0 116 / 11, nAradIya. 2147178 / 1 / 20 / 3; (5) (sAbhramatI ke antargata) padma0 gokarNa--(1) (uttarI kanArA jile ke kumaTA tAlukA 6156 / 1 / meM goA se 30 mIla dakSiNa, samudra ke pazcimI taTa gocaramezvara--(zrIparvata ke antargata) liMga0 1192 // para ziva kA pavitra sthala) vana0 85 / 24, 88 / 15, 152 / 277155; Adi0 217134-35 ('AdyaM pazupateH godAvarI--dekhie isa grantha ke khaNDa 4 kA adhyAya 15 / sthAnaM darzanAdeva muktidam'), vAyu0 7719, matsya0 goniSkramaNa-(ise gosthalaka bhI kahate haiM) varAha0 22 / 38, kUrma0 2 / 35 / 29-32, brahmANDa0 3 / 56 / - 147 / 3-4 evaM 52 / 7-21 (zloka 7 meM isakA vistAra Der3ha yojana hai), gopAdi-(kazmIra meM zrInagara se dakSiNa meM sthita eka vAma0 46 / 13 (rAvaNa ne yaha liMga sthApita kiyA pahAr3a, jise aba takhtae sulemAna kahate haiM) sttiinthaa)| brahmANDa0 (3157-58) evaM nAradIya. smRti (pR0 157); rAja0 (11341) ne gopAdri (2 / 74) ne varNana kiyA hai ki yaha samudra kI bAr3ha kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo hAla jhIla ke pAsa Aja kA meM DUba gayA thA aura yahAM ke loga parazurAma ke pAsa gopakAra hai| dekhie kAzmIra riporTa, 17 /

Page #438
tIrthasUcI 1431 gopIzvara--(mathurA ke antargata) varAha0 157118 63 / 61 evaM 83 / 2; (3) (dvArakA ke pAsa) (jahA~ kRSNa ne gopiyoM ke sAtha lIlAeM kiiN)| skanda0 7 / 4 / 4 / 97-98 evaM 5 / 32, padma0 4|goprcaar-(gyaa ke antargata) vAyu0 111 // 350 17 / 69-70 evaM 6 / 176 / 35-36; (4) (avadha 37 (jahA~ AmoM kI eka kuJja hai), agni0 116 / - meM, himAlaya se nikalakara vArANasI ke pAsa gaMgA meM milane vAlI nadI) matsya0 114 / 22, brahmANDa0 gopratAra-(avadha ke phaijAbAda meM guptAra) jahA~ rAma 2 / 16 / 25, rAmA0 2 / 49 / 11 / ne apanI senA evaM bhRtyoM ke sAtha apanA zarIra chodd'aa| gomatI-gaMgA-saMgama-padma0 1 // 32 // 42, bhAga0 5|vaam0 83 / 8, nAradIya0 2 / 75 / 71, raghuvaMza 15- 19 / 18, agni0 109 / 19 / gorakSaka-varAha0 215 / 93 / goprekSa-(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, gorayagiri-(magadhakSetra meM) sabhA0 2030 / pR. 42), padma0 1137 / 16, nAradIya0 2 / 50 // 43 govardhana--(1) (mathurA ke pAsa eka pahAr3I) (goprekssk)| matsya0 22 / 52, kUrma0 1 / 14 / 18 (jahA~ para pRthu goprekSaka--(vArA0 ke antargata eka liMga) liMga0 ne tapa kiyA thA) / pdm05|69|39, varAha0 163 / 192167-68 / 18, 16411 evaM 22-23, viSNu0 5 / 11 / 16 / goprekSezvara--(vArA0 ke antargata) skanda0 (tI. dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 4, adhyAya 15; (2) ka0, pR0 131) / (rAma dvArA gautamI ke antargata sthApita eka nagara) gobhilezvara--(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 brahma0 9111, brahmANDa0 2 / 16 / 44 / nAsika ke ka0, pR. 94) / pAsa prApta uSavadAta ke zilAlekha meM govardhana kaI gomaNDalezvara--(zrIparvata ke antargata) liMga0 bAra ullikhita huA hai (bambaI gaje0, jilda 16, 1292 / 162 (nanda Adi dvArA sthaapit)| pR0 569) / gomanta-(1) (eka pahAr3I) matsya0 13 / 28 (gomanta govindatIrtha---(godAvarI ke antargata) brahma para satI ko gomatI kahate haiM); (2) (karavIrapura, 122 / 100, padma0 1138 / 50 (campakAraNya ke krauJcapura evaM veNA nadI ke pAsa sahya kI eka pahAr3I) pAsa hai, aisA lagatA hai| harivaMza (viSNuparva 39 / 11 evaM 19-20); (3) gautama-(mandara parvata para) padma0 6 / 129 / 8 / (dvArakA ke pAsa eka pahAr3I, jahA~ jarAsaMdha ke Akra- gautama nAga--(kazmIra meM, anantanAga ke dakSiNa evaM maNoM se taMga Akara kRSNa evaM vRSNi loga mathurA se bavana ke mArga meM) sTIna-smRti, pR0 178 / Akara basa gaye the) sabhA0 14 / 54, vana0881- gautama-vana-vana0 84 / 108-110 / 15-17, nAradIya0 2160 / 27 / pAjiTara ne jo gautamAzrama-(tryambakezvara ke pAsa) padma0 6 / 176 / pahacAna batalAyI haiM, ve asaMtoSaprada haiM (10 289) / 58-59 / gomatI--(1) (eka nadI) R0 (8 / 28 / 30 gautamI-(godAvarI) dekhie isa grantha ke khaNDa evaM 10175 / 6) yaha kubhA evaM krama ke bIca meM 4 kA adhyAya 15 / rakhI gayI hai (R0 1075 / 6); ataH sambhavataH gautamezvara-(1) (narmadA ke antarga yaha Aja kI gomala hai jo sindhu kI eka pazcimI 22 / 68, 193 / 60, kUrma0 2 / 42 / 6-8, padma0 sahAyaka nadI hai; (2) (sarasvatI ke pAsa kI eka za20158; (2) (vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 nadI) vana0 5 / 877, padma0 232 / 37, vAma (tI0 ka0, pR0 115) /

Page #439
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa gaurI--(nadI) bhISma0 9 / 25 / sambhavataH yaha yUnAnI cakratIrtha-(1) (saukaratIrtha ke antargata) varAha0 lekhakoM kI 'gaurayioNsa' hai (TaoNlemI, pR0 111) / 137 / 19; (2) (Amalaka grAma ke antargata) gaurIza--(lalitA-tIrtha) brahmANDa0 4 / 44 / 98 / nRsiMha0 66 / 22; (3) (setu ke antargata) gaurIzikhara--(1) vana0 84 / 151, matsya0 22 / - skanda0 203, brahmakhaNDa, adhyAya 3-5; (4) 76 (zrAddha ke lie yogya); (2) (kazmIra ke (kazmIra meM) cakradhara ke nAma se bhI vikhyAta pAsa eka tIrtha) nIlamata0 1448-1449 (jahA~ hai; (5) (godAvarI para) brahma0 681, 109|niil-kml ke raMga vAlI umA ne tapa kiyA aura 1, 124 / 1 (zyambaka se 6 mIla) yadyapi tIna bAra gaura varNa vAlI ho gyii)| ullikhita hai, tathApi eka hI tIrtha; (6) (mathurA gaurItIrtha--(vArA0 ke antargata) matsya0 22 / 31, ke antargata) varAha0 162 / 43; (7) (sarakUrma0 1635 / 2, padya0 1137 / 3 / svatI ke antargata) vAma0 42 / 5, 57489, 8113; dekhie aiM0 ji0 (pR0 336) evaM 'asthi pura' ke antargata; (8) (dvArakA ke antargata) ghaTezvara--(sAbhramatI ke antargata) padma0 6 / 159 / 3 / tIrtha pra0, pR0 536-537, varAha0 159 / 58 / ghaTotkaca-(vArA0 ke antargata) kUrma0 1135 / 8, cakradhara-(kazmIra meM viSNusthAna, Aja yaha apabhraMza padma0 11378 / rUpa meM 'tsakadara' yA 'chAkaghara' hai) rAja0 1138 / ghaNTAbharaNaka-(mathurA ke antargata) varAha0 154 / - aba yaha vijabora (prAcIna vijayezvara) se lagabhaga eka mIla pazcima prasiddha tIrtha hai| dekhie kazmIra ghaNTAkarNahada-(vArA0 ke antargata vyAsezvara ke riporTa (pR0 18) evaM sTIna-smRti (pR0 171) / pazcima) nAradIya0 2 / 49 / 28-29, liMga0 (tI0 cakradhara evaM vijayeza-ziva eka-dUsare ke pAsa sthita ka0,pR. 86) / do pratimAe~ haiN| ha. ci0 (7 / 61) ise cakratIrtha ghaNTezvara-matsya0 22170 / evaM cakradhara (764) kahatA hai| gharghara--(yA ghargharA yA ghAgarA) (eka pavitra nadI, jo cakravAka-(pitaroM ke lie eka tIrya) matsya0 kumAyUM se nikalatI hai aura avadha kI eka bar3I 22 / 42 / nadI hai) padma0 2 / 39 / 43, matsya0 22 // 35, cakrasthita-(mathurA ke antargata) varAha0 169 / 1 / pama0 5 / 11 / 29 (donoM meM samAna zabda haiN)| cakrasvAmI--(zAlagrAma ke antargata) varAha0 145|dekhie tIrthaprakAza (pR0 502), jahA~ sarayU- 38 (cakrAMkitazilAstatra dRshynte)| gharghara-saMgama kA ullekha hai| ghargharA, saraya Adi cakrAvarta-(mandAra ke antrgt)| varAha0 nadiyoM kA sammilita jala ghAgarA yA saraja ke nAma se 36-38 (eka gaharI jhiil)| prasiddha hai, vizeSataH baharAmaghATa se) dekhie impI0 cakrezvara-(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 gaje0 iNDi0, jilda 12, pR0 302-303 / ka0, pR0 52) / ghRtakulyA--(gayA ke antargata eka nadI) vana0 105 / cakSus-(himAlaya se nikalanevAlI eka nadI, gaMgA 74, 112 / 30 / kI eka zAkhA) matsya0 121123, vAyu0 47 / 21 evaM 39, brahmANDa 0 2 / 16 / 20, bhAga0 5 / 17 / 5 / de (pR0 43) ke mata se cakSus 'Aksasa' yA caka-(sarasvatI ke pAsa) bhAga0 1078 / 19 / 'AmU dariyA' hai; ve matsya0 (120 / 121) para

Page #440
nirbhara haiM, jo ThIka nahIM ja~catA / Azcarya hai, de ( pR0 13) azmanvatI ko bhI 'Aksasa' kahate haiM ! cakSustIrtha -- ( godAvarI ke dakSiNI taTa para ) brahma 0 170 / 1 / caJcalA -- (RkSavAn parvata se nikalanevAlI eka nadI ) matsya0 114 / 26 / caNDavegA -- ( pitaroM ke lie punIta eka nadI ) matsya0 22 / 28 / caNDave gAsambheda -- matsya0 22 28, kUrma0 2 / 44 / 16, padma0 6 / 131 / 67 / caNDeza-- ( sAbhramatI ke antargata ) padma0 tIryasUcI 6 / 1621 1 / caNDikezvara - - liMga0 1192 / 166, vAma0 51 / 50 / catuHsamudra - ( vArA0 ke antargata eka kUpa) liMga0 ( tI0 ka0, pR0 89 ) / catuHsAmudrika - ( mathurA ke antargata eka kUpa) varAha0 158 / 41 / catuH srota -- ( badarI ke antargata ) varAha0 141 / 17 / caturmukha -- ( sarasvatI ke antargata ) vAma0 42 / 28 | caturthezvara - ( vArA0 ke antargata ) nAradIya0 2 / 49/65 / - caturvedezvara -- ( vArA0 ke antargata ) skanda0, kAzIkhaNDa 33 / 130 / candratIrtha --- (1) (kAverI ke udgama sthala para ) kUrma 0 2|37|23; (2) ( vArA0 ke antargata ) padma0 13717, kUrma0 1 / 35 / 11 ( 3 ) ( narmadA ke antargata ) matsya 0 183 / 75, kUrma 0 2242/15, brahmANDa0 3 / 13 / 28 | candravarSA --- (nadI) vana0 19118 / candravatI -- (nadI, kazmIra meM ) nIlamata0 310 ( diti yaha nadI huI thI jaise ki yamunA vitastA ho gayI thI ) / candrabhAgA-- - (1) himAlaya se yaha do dhArAoM meM nikalatI hai, eka ko 'candrA' (jo 16000 phuTa U~cAI 1433 para bAra lAcha ke dakSiNa-pUrva hima-sthala se nikalatI hai) aura dUsarI ko 'bhAgA' (jo darre ke uttarapazcima bhAga se nikalatI hai) kahate haiN| donoM taNDI ke pAsa saMyukta ho jAtI haiM aura milita dhArA candrabhAgA yA cinAba kahalAtI hai / paMjAba kI pA~ca nadiyA~ haiM - vitastA (jhelama yA yUnAnI lekhakoM kI hAispIsa ), vipAzA ( byAsa, yunAnI lekhakoM kI hAisisa), zatadru (satalaja), candrabhAgA ( cinAba ) evaM irAvatI / milinda - prazna (esa0 bI0 I0, jilda 35, pR0 171 ) meM candrabhAgA bhArata kI dasa bar3I nadiyoM meM eka kahI gayI hai / vi0 dha0 sU0 85149, sabhA0 9 / 19, matsya0 13 / 49, anu0 257, nAradIya0 2260/30, nIlamata0 159 evaM 162, ha0 ci0 12 / 44 / dekhie 'asiknI'; (2) ( narmadA ke antargata ) matsya0 191/64, kUrma 0 2 / 41 / 35, padma0 1 / 18 / 61; (3) (tAptI se mila jAtI hai) padma0 6 70944; (4) (jo sAbhramatI se milatI hai) padma 0 6 / 148 / 12, 149 / 1; (5) ( bhImA, jo kRSNA kI eka sahAyaka nadI hai) / candramastIrtha -- (ArcIka parvata para ) vana0 125 | 17 | candrapada -- ( gayA ke antargata ) brahmANDa0 3 / 47/18-19 / candrapura - ( kazmIra kA eka nagara ) nIlamata0 1138 evaM 1156-1157 ( mahApadma nAga ne ise Dubo diyA aura usake sthAna para eka yojana lambIcaur3I jhIla bana gayI ) / candrezvara-- ( 1 ) ( candrabhAgA nadI para evaM dUdhezvara ke pUrva meM, sAbhramatI para) padma 6 / 139 / 1; (2) ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 49) / candrikA --- ( candrabhAgA nadI, Adhunika cinAba ) matsya 0 22 / 63 / camatkArapura -- ( Adhunika ahamadAbAda jile kA Anandapura) skanda0 6, adhyAya 1-13 /

Page #441
1434 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa camasa yA camasobheda--(1) (jahA~ marubhUmi meM vilu- lie par3A hai ki yahAM para rantideva ke yajJoM meM bali pta ho jAne ke pazcAt sarasvatI punaH prakaTa hotI diye hue pazuoM kI khAloM ke samUha rakhe hue the) hai) vana0 82 / 112, 13015 (eSa vai camasod- padma0 1024 / 3, meghadUta 1145 (rantideva kI ora bhedo yatra dRzyA sarasvatI), padma0 1 / 25 / 18; saMketa karatA hai); carmaNvatI nAma pANini (8/(2) (prabhAsa ke antargata) zalya0 35 / 87, 2012) meM AyA hai| vana0 88 / 20 / carmakoTa--matsya0 22 / 42 / campakatIrtha-(jahA~ gaMgA uttara kI ora bahatI haiM) ciccika tIrtha-- (godA0 ke antargata) brahma0 164 / 1 / nAradIya0 21340186 / citAbhami--(vaidyanAtha yA santhAla paragane meM devaghara campakavana--(gayA ke antargata) vAyu0 37 / 18- jahA~ vaidyanAtha kA mandira hai, jo 12 jyotiliGgoM 22 / meM parigaNita haiM) zivapurANa 1138 / 35, dekhie campA-(1) (bhAgalapura se 4 mIla pazcima bhAgIrathI de, pR0 50 / para eka nagarI aura buddha-kAla kI cha: bar3I puriyoM meM citrakaTa--(pahADI, bA~dA jile meM, prayAga se dakSiNaeka) vana0 84 / 163, 85 / 14, 308 / 26, padma0 pazcima 65 mIla kI dUrI para) vana0 85 / 58, 1138 / 70; matsya0 48091 (Arambha meM yaha rAmA0 2 / 54 / 28-29 evaM 93 / 8, (bhAradvAjAzrama mAlinI kahalAtI thI aura Age calakara rAjA campa ke se dasa kosa dUra) rAmA0 2055 / 9, (yaha pitRnAma para 'campA' kahalAne lgii| mahAparinibbAna tIrtha hai) 2056 / 10-12, matsya0 22165 evaM sutta ke mata se chaH bar3I nagarI haiM-ca-pA, rAjagRha, anu0 225 / 29, nAradIya0 2 / 60123 evaM 75/zrAvastI, sAketa, kauzAmbI evaM vArANasI (esa0 26, agni0 6 / 35-36, (mandAkinI nadI ke pAsa) bI0 I0, jilda 11, pR0 99 evaM 247) / vAma 109 / 23, padma0 139 / 54, raghuvaMza 13 / 47; meghadUta (84112) ne cAmpeya brAhmaNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| (TIkA) ne ise rAmagiri kahA hai| campA varNAdi-gaNa (pANini 4 / 2 / 82) meM paThita hai; citrakUTA--(RkSa parvata se nikalI huI eka nadI) (2) (pitaroM ke lie punIta nadI) matsya vaayu045|99, matsya0 114125 (jahA~ mandAkinI 2241, padma0 5 / 11 / 35 (aMga evaM magadha, dekhie evaM yaha nadI RkSavAn se nikalI huI kahI gayI hai| de, pR0 43) yaha lomapAda evaM karNa kI rAjadhAnI citrAGgadatIrtha-(vArA0 ke antargata) kUrma0 1|35|thii| 11, vAma0 46 / 39 (citrAMgadezvara liNg)| campakAraNya--(bihAra kA Adhunika campArana) citrAMgavadana--(sAbhramatI ke antargata) padma0 6 / 1411 vana0 84 / 133, padma0 1138149 (campArana jile / meM saMgrAmapura ke pAsa vAlmIki kA Azrama thaa)| citrezvara--(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, carmAlya--(vArA0 ke antargata) kUrma0 1135 / 4 / pRSTha 97) / dharmavatI-(nadI, Adhunika cambala jo maU (mAlavA) citropalA--(nadI) brahma0 46 / 4-5 (vindhya se ke dakSiNa-pazcima lagabhaga 9 mIla dUra se nikalI nikalI huI evaM mahAnadI nAma vaalii)| hai aura iTAvA nagara ke dakSiNa-pUrva 25 mIla para citrotpalA--(sambhavataH Upara vAlI hI) bhISmaH yamanA meM mila jAtI hai) Adi. 138 / 74 (drupada 9 / 35, matsya0 114 / 25 (RkSavAn se nikalI dakSiNa paMcAla se carmaNvatI taka rAjya karatA thA), huI), brahma0 27 // 31 // 32 (RkSapAda se nikalI vana0 82 / 54, droNa0 675, (carmaNvatI nAma isa

Page #442
tIrtha sUcI 1435 citraguptezvara--(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 de (pR0 51) ne 4 cyavanAzramoM kA ullekha kiyA ka0, pR0 102 / / hai| cyavana bhRgu ke putra the aura bhRgu loga narmadA cidambara--(dekhie 'mInAkSI' ke antargata) devIbhAga0 ke mukha ke pAsa kI bhUmi se bahudhA sambandhita kiye 7 / 38 / 11, yaha mahAn ziva mandira ke lie vikhyAta jAte haiN| hai, parantu yahA~ koI vAstavika liMga nahIM dikhAI cyavanezvara-(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 pdd'taa| kyoMki dIvAra para eka AvaraNa par3A rahatA ka0, pR0 66) / hai aura jaba darzanArthI praveza karate haiM to AvaraNa haTA diyA jAtA hai tathA dIvAra dikhA dI jAtI hai| mandira ke bAharI kakSa meM eka hajAra se adhika chAgalANDa--(zrAddhatIrtha) matsya0 13 / 43 (yahA~ pASANa-stambha haiN| devI ko pracaNDA kahA gayA hai), 22 / 72 / cintAGgadezvara--(vArA0 ke antargata) padma0 1 / 37 / - chAgalezvara--(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, 14 / pR0 119) / coramocana-tIrtha--(kazmIra meM) rAja. 1149- chAyAkSetra--(lalitA kA tIrtha) brahmANDa0 4 / 14 / 100 150 (kanakavAhinI, nandIza evaM yaha tIrtha eka sAtha (mahAlakSmIpura kI nagaravATikA isI nAma se varNita haiM), yaha kanakavAhinI evaM sindhu kA saMgama prasiddha hai)| hai, nolamata0 1538-1545 (isakA nAma isalie chinnapApakSetra--(godA0 para) padma0 6 / 175 / 15 / par3A hai ki saptarSi gaNa yahA~ apane valkala vastroM ko tyAga kara svarga ko cale gaye the), sTInasmati, pR0 211 / jagannAtha---dekhie gata adhyAya kA prakaraNa puruSottamacaitraka-matsya 0 110 / 2 / tiirth| caitraraya--(eka vana) vAyu0 476 (acchodA jaTAkuNDa--(sAnandUra ke antargata) varAha0 150|ndo ke taTa para), brahmANDa 0 21187 (yahA~ devI 47 (malaya parvata ke dakSiNa evaM samudra se uttr)| mahotkaTA haiM), matsya0 13 / 28 / janakakUpa---(gayA ke antargata) padma0 1138 / 28, dhyavanasthAzrama--- (1) (gayA ke antargata) nAradIya0 vana0 843111 / 2 / 47175, vAyu0 108173 / R0 (1 / 116 / - janakezvara--(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 10) meM kahA gayA hai ki azvinI ne cyavana kA ka0, pR0 119) / kAyAkalpa kiyA thA aura unheM punaH yuvA banA diyA janasthAna---dekhie gata adhyAya kA prakaraNa godAvarI, thaa| zatapatha brA0 115 / 1-16 (esa0 bI0 I0, vana0 147 / 33, 277 / 42, zalya0 39 / 9 (daNDajilda 26, pR. 272-276), unhoMne zaryAta kI kanyA kAraNya), vAyu0 88 / 194, brahma0 88 / 1 (vistAra sukanyA se vivAha kiyA aura isa hrada yA kuNDa meM meM cAra yojana), rAmA0 6 / 126 / 37-39, 3|21|snaan karake yuvA ho gaye; (2) (narmadA ke anta- 20, 3 / 30 / 5-6 / / rgata) vana0 89 / 12, 121 / 19-22; vana0 (a0 janezvara--(narmadA ke antargata) padma0 1113 / 11 122-124) meM cyavana, sukanyA evaM azvinI kI (pitRtiirth)| gAthA hai| vana0 (102 / 4) ne varNana kiyA hai ki janmezvara--matsya0 22 / 42 / kAleyoM ne yahA~ 100 muniyoM kA bhakSaNa kiyaa| jAmadagnya-tIrtha-(1) (jahA~ narmadA samudra meM giratI 108

Page #443
1436 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa hai) matsya. 194134-35, pama0 1121134-35 sTIna-smRti (pR0 197-198) / aba yahA~ (jamadagnitIrtha); (2) matsya0 22 / 57-58 (godA- andarakoTa nAmaka grAma hai| varI para, zrAddha ke lie ati upyogii)| jayAtIrtha-matsyaH 22 / 49 / jambIracampaka--(mathurA ke antargata) varAha0 (tI0 jayavana--(kazmIra meM Adhunika jevana) rAja0 ka0, pR0 190) / 11220, vikramAMkadevacarita 18570 (pravarapura ambukezvara-(vArA0 ke antargata) kUrma0 1135 / 4, se Der3ha gvyuuti)| Aine akabarI (jilda 2, pR0 padma0 113764, liMga0 1192 / 107, nAradIya0 358) meM jevana kA ullekha hai| yaha eka pavitra 2 / 50 / 67 (jahA~ jambuka rAkSasa ziva dvArA mArA dhArA evaM kuNDa hai| jevana grAma ke pAsa eka svaccha gayA thaa)| kuNDa meM Aja bhI takSaka nAga kI pUjA hotI hai| jambulA---(RkSapAda se nikalI huI nadI) vAyu0 dekhie aiM0 ji0 (pR0 101-102) / 45 / 10 / jayanI-padma0 1 / 26 / 16 (jahA~ somatIrya hai)| jambamArga--(1) (eka Ayatana) devala (tI0 ka0, alpIza--tI0 pra0 (602-603) ne kAlikApurANa 250), viSNu0 2 / 13 / 33 (gaMgA para); devala kA uddharaNa diyA hai| (tI. ka0, pR0 250) ne jambUmArga evaM kAlaMjara jahada--nAradIya0 2140 / 90 / ko AyatanoM ke rUpa meM pRthak-pRthak varNita kiyA jAla-bAI 0 sUtra (3 / 124) ke anusAra zAkta kssetr| hai; (2) (kurukSetra ke pAsa) vana0 82 / 41-42, jAlabindu--(kokAmukha ke antargata) varAha0 140 / 16 / 89 / 13 (asita parvata para), anu0 25 / 51, jAlandhara--(1) (pahAr3I) matsya0 13 / 46 (isa 166 / 24, matsya0 22 / 21, brahmANDa0 3 // 13- para devI vizvamukhI kaho jAtI hai), 22 / 64 (pitR38, (3) (puSkara ke pAsa) padma0 1 / 12 / 11-2, tIrtha); kAlikA0 (18151) ke mata se devI jAlaagni0 109 / 9, vAyu0 77 / 28 / / ndhara pahAr3a para caNDI kahI jAtI haiM jahAM para unake gambUnadI-(meru-mandara zikhara ke DhAla para sthita stana gira par3e the jaba ki ziva unake zava ko le jA candraprabhA jhIla se nikalI huI nadI) brahmANDa0 rahe the; (2) (paMjAba meM satalaja para eka nagara) 2 / 18 / 68-69, bhAga0 5 / 16 / 19 / vAyu0 104 / 80 (vedapuruSa kI chAtI para jAlandhara japezvara--(yA jApyezvara) kUrma0 2 / 43 / 17-42 eka pITha hai), saMbhavataH jAlandhara lalitA ke pIThoM meM (samudra ke pAsa nandI ne rudra ke tIna karor3a nAmoM kA eka hai; paz0 6 / 4 / 19-20, brahmANDa 0 4 / 94 / 95 japa kiyaa)| agni0 112 / 4 (vArA0 ke antrgt)| (jAlandhra), dekhie aiM0 ji0 (pR0 136-139) / jarAsaMghezvara--(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI. jAlezvara--(1) (eka zivatIrtha, ATha sthAnoM meM ka0, pR0 115) / eka) matsya 0 181 / 28 evaM 30, kUrma0 2140|jynt-mtsy0 22073, vAma0 51151 / 35; (2) (narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 186|jyntikaa--brhmaanndd0 4 / 44 / 97 (50 lalitApIThoM 15 evaM 38, (jAlezvara nAmaka eka hrada) kUrma0 meM se ek)| 2 // 40 // 22, padma0 1114 // 3, matsya 0 (a0 187, jayapura--(kazmIra meM, jayApIDa kI rAjadhAnI, jala isakI utpatti); (3) (zAlagrAma ke pAsa jale se ghirI huii| zrI kRSNa kI dvAravatI kI anukRti zvara) varAha0 144 / 139-140 / meM yaha yahA~ ravatI kahI gayI hai) rAja0 jaigISavya-guhA-(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (1 / 4 / 501-511, kAzmIra riporTa, pR0 13-16, 92 / 53) /

Page #444
1437 jaigISavyezvara --- ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 91) / jyotsnA - (mAnasarovara se nikalanebAlI eka nadI ) brahmANDa 0 2 / 18 / 71 / bhAgavata 0 7|38|6 / jvAlAsara - ( amarakaNTaka parvata para ) brahmANDa0 31 jAhnavI -- ( gaMgA kA nAma ) vAyu0 91154-58 jvAlAmukhI - (eka devIsthAna, ji0 kA~gar3A) / devI( muni jahnu kI gAthA ), nAradIya0 2 / 41 / 35-36 (jahnu ne ise pI liyA thA aura apane dAhine kAna se bAhara nikAla diyA thA ), brahmANDa0 3156 / 48, (jahnu ne ise apane peTa se bAhara nikAlA thA) 3 / 66 / 28 | jAtismarahaba - (1) (kRSNa-veNA ke pAsa ) vana0 85138) (2) (sthala ajJAta hai ) vana0 84/128, padma0 1138 / 45 / jeSThila-- (campakAraNya ke pAsa ) vana0 84 / 134 / jJAnatIrya -- ( vArANasI ke antargata) kUrma0 1135/6, padma0 11376 / jJAnavApI - skanda0 4 / 33 ( jahA~ isake mUla evaM mAhAtmya kA varNana hai ) / dekhie isa grantha ke khaNDa 4 kA adhyAya 13 / tIrthasUcI jyeSThezvara-- ( kazmIra meM zrInagara ke pAsa Dala jhIla para Adhunika jyeThira sthala) 'rAja0 1 / 113, nIlamata0 1323-1324 / kazmIra ke rAjA gopAditya dvArA nirmita yahA~ zivamandira thA / sTIna ( rAja0 1 / 113 ) ke anusAra kazmIra meM jyeSThezvara nAma ke tIna sthala haiN| rAja0 (1 / 124) AyA hai ki azoka ke putra jAloka ne hI jyeSThezvara kA mandira banavAyA thA, ataH yaha kazmIra kA prAcInatama mandira hai / jyeSTha puSkara -- ( sarasvatI para ) vana0 200 166, padma0 5 / 19 / 12, 18 / 20 ( kahA jAtA hai ki yaha DhAI yojana lambA evaM AdhA yojana caur3A hai) / jyeSThasthAna - (koTitIrtha ke pAsa ) vana0 85 / 62 / jyotirathA -- ( yA rathyA) (yaha zoNa kI eka sahAyaka nadI hai ) vana0 8518, padma0 113918 | jyotiSmatI -- ( himAlaya kI eka jhIla se nikalI huI evaM sarasvatI kI eka sahAyaka nadI) vAyu 0 47/63, matsya0 121 / 65, brahmANDa0 2 / 18 / 66 / 13 / 12 / jvAlezvara-- ( amarakaNTaka ke pAsa) matsya0 188/80 evaM 94 95, padma0 1 / 15/69, 77, 78 (ziva dvArA jalAyA gayA eka pura yahA~ girA thA ) / yahA~ para svAbhAvika rUpa se gaisa nikalatI hai jo gharSaNa se jala uThatI hai, sambhavataH isI se yaha nAma par3A hai| ta takSazilA -- ( Adhunika TaiksilA ) svargArohaNa parva 5/34, vAyu 0 88189-90, brahmANDa0 3 / 63/190-91 ( gandhAra meM dAzarathi bharata ke putra takSa dvArA saMsthApita ) ; jAtaka meM 'takkasilA' vidyAkendra ke rUpa meM varNita hai ( yathA - bhImasena jAtaka, phA~sabaoNla dvArA sampAdita, jilda 1, pR0 356 ) / dekhie TAlemI ( pR0 118-121) jahA~ sikandara ke kAla ke Age kA isakA itihAsa diyA huA hai| yaha azoka ke prathama pRthak-prastarAbhilekha meM ullikhita hai ( sI0 AI0 AI0, jilda 1, pR0 93 ) aura pANini (4|3|93 ) meM bhI yaha zabda AyA hai / isake dhvaMsAvazeSa kA varNana dekhie aiM0 ji0 ( pR0 104 - 113), mArzala ke 'gAiDa TU TaiksilA ' Adi meN| takSaka nAga - ( kazmIra ke jayavana meM arthAt Adhunika jevana ke pAsa eka punIta dhArA) vana0 82/90, rAja0 11220, padma0 1 / 25 / 2 ( vitastA takSakanAga kA nivAsa-sthala hai| z2evana grAma ke pAsa eka kuNDa meM yaha Aja bhI pUjita hai ) | dekhie sTIna - smRti, pR0 166, kAzmIra riporTa, pR0 5 /

Page #445
1438 tapovana -- (1) (godAvarI ke dakSiNa taTa para ) brahma 0 128|1; (2) (vaMga deza meM ) vana0 84 / 115, padma0 1 / 38 / 31 / 'tato vanam' vanaparva meM azuddha chapA hai| tamasA--- - ( 1 ) ( sarayU ke pazcima bahatI huI, gaMgA se milanevAlI Adhunika ToMsa ) rAmA0 12/3, 2/45/32, raghuvaMza 9120, 14 / 76 | dekhie sI0 AI0 AI0, jilda 3, pR0 128, jahA~ tamasA para sthita Azramaka nAmaka grAma ke dAna ( san 51213 I0) kA ullekha hai; (2) vAyu0 45/100; ( 3 ) ( yamunA se milane vAlI nadI ) devIbhAga0 6 / 18 / 12 / dharmazAstra kA itihAsa taNDulakAzrama -- ( puSkara evaM jambUmArga ke pAsa ) vana0 82 / 43, agni0 109/9, padma0 1 / 12 / 2 / tapastIrtha -- ( godAvarI ke antargata ) brahma0 126 / 1 evaM 37 (ise satratIrtha bhI kahA jAtA hai) / tapatI -- (nadI) matsya0 22 / 32-33 ( yaha yahA~ tApI hai aura mUla tApI se bhinna hai ) / Adi0 ( adhyAya 171-173 ) meM tapatI sUrya kI kanyA kahI gayI hai, jisase rAjA saMvaraNa ne vivAha kiyA aura usase kuru nAmaka putra utpanna huA; mArka0 105/6 ( sUrya kI choTI putrI nadI ho gayI ) / taraNDa yA tarantuka -- ( kurukSetra kA eka dvArapAla ) vana0 83 / 15, padma 1 / 27 / 92 ( ' taraNDa' zabda AyA hai), vAmana purANa 20160 / tApikA -- yaha tApI hI hai / devIpurANa (tI0 ka0, pR0 242) / tApI -- (nadI, vindhya se nikalakara sUrata ke pAsa araba sAgara meM giratI hai) ise 'tAptI' bhI kahA jAtA hai| matsya0 114 / 27, brahma0 27 / 33, vAyu0 45 / 102, agni0 109 / 22 / tApI kA ullekha uSavadAta ke zilAlekha (saM0 10, bambaI gaje0, jilda 16, pR0 569) meM huA hai| dekhie payoSNI ke antargata evaM tIrtha pra0 ( pR0 544-547), jahA~ isake mAhAtmya evaM upatIrthoM kA ullekha hai / . tApI- samudra-saMgama tIrthaprakAza, pR0 547 / tApasezvara -- ( narmadA ke antargata) kUrma0 2 / 41 / 66, padma0 1 / 18 / 96 / tApezvara -- ( narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 191 / 104 / tAmraparNI -- ( pANDya deza meM malaya se nikalakara samudra meM girane vAlI nadI ) brahma0 27 / 36, matsya 0 114/30, vAyu0 45 / 105 evaM 77, 24/27, vana0 88 / 14, rAmA0 4 / 41 / 17-18, kUrma 0 2|37| 21-22, brahmANDa0 3 / 13 / 24, bhAga0 10 / 79 / 16 evaM 11 / 5 / 39 / de0 megasthanIja (aiM0 iNDi0, pR062) ke Taimpobena evaM azoka ke giranAra vAle lekha (saM0 2) kA 'tambapannI' nAma / yaha zrIlaMkA ( sIlona) bhI hai, kintu nadI kI ora bhI saMketa kara sakatA hai; epi0 iNDi0 (20, pR0 23, nAgArjunIkoNDa lekha ) ; brahmANDa0 3 / 13 / 24 evaM 25, raghuvaMza (4 / 49-50 ) se prakaTa hotA hai ki yahA~ motI pAye jAte the / tAmraprabha -- ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 191) / tAmrAruNa - vana0 85 / 154 / tAmravatI -- ( agni kI mAtRrUpa nadiyoM meM eka ) vana0 222 / 23 / tAlakarNezvara - ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga 0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 72 ) / tAlatIrtha --- ( vArANasI ke antargata ) padma0 1 / 37 / 2 / tAlavana -- (mathurA ke pazcima ) varAha0 157 35 / tArakezvara - ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 104 ) | yaha baMgAla ke hugalI jile meM eka grAma ke nAma se ziva kA prasiddha tIrtha bhI hai| dekhie impi0 gaje0 iNDi0, jilda 23, pR0 249 / timi -- (zaMkukarNezvara kI dAhinI ora ) padma0 11241 20-23 / tIrthakoTi vana0 84 / 121, padma0 1|38|38 / tulajApura - (eka devIsthAna ) devIbhAga0 7|38| 6 | tuGgA -- ( kRSNA meM milane vAlI eka nadI ) nRsiMha0 66 / 7 ( pAThAntara pAyA jAtA hai), tIrtha kalpa 0

Page #446
tIrthasUcI 1439 (pR0 254) dvArA uddhRta-'tuMgA ca dakSiNe gaMgA svASTrezvara-(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI. kAverI ca vishesstH|' ka0, pR0 96) / tuGgabhadrA--(tuMgA evaM bhadrA do bar3I nadiyA~ maisUra deza trastAvatAra-(eka Ayatana) devala0 (tI0 ka0, se nikala kara kuMDalI ke pAsa milane para tuMgabhadrA ho pR0 250) / jAto haiN| yaha nado rAyacUra jile meM alamapura ke pAsa trikakud--(himavAn kA eka bhAga) atharvaveda 4 / 9 / 8 kRSNA meM mila jAtI hai) matsya0 22 / 45, nRsiMha evaM 9 (eka prakAra ke aMjana ke lie prasiddha), maitraa66|6 (tI0 ka0, pR0 254), bhAga0 5 / 19 / 18, yaNI-saMhitA 3 / 6 / 3, zatapatha brAhmaNa 3 / 13 / 12 matsya0 114 / 29, brahma0 27335, vaayu045|104 (ina saba meM traikakuda patrakakubha AMjana kA ullekha (antima tIna kA kathana hai ki yaha sahya se nikalatI hai), pANini (5 / 4 / 147, trikakRt parvate) / dekhie hai)| epi0 iNDi0 (jilda 12, 10 294) evaM brahmANDa0 3 / 13 / 58 (trikakud giri, zrAddha ke lie vikramAMkadevacarita (4 / 44-68) se prakaTa hotA hai ati vikhyAta), vAyu0 77 / 57-63 / trikUTa--(parvata) vAma0 85 / 4 (sumeru kA putra), pIr3ita hone para tuMgabhadrA meM jalapraveza kara liyA thA nasiMha0 65 / 21, padma0 6 / 129 / 16 / bhAga0 (8 / 2 / (san 1068 I0 meN)| 1) meM yaha dantakathAtmaka pratIta hotA hai| raghuvaMza tuGgakUTa--(kokAmukha ke antrgt)vraah0140|29-30 / (4158-59) se prakaTa hotA hai ki trikUTa aparAnta meM tuGgAraNya-vana0 85 / 46-54, padma0 1139 / 43 (jahA~ thaa| kAlidAsa kA trikuTa nAsika meM tirahna yA tripara sArasvata ne muniyoM ko upadeza diyaa)| razmi pahAr3I pratIta hotA hai| dekhie bambaI kA gaje0, tuGgaveNA--(una nadiyoM meM eka, jo agni kI udgama- jilda 16, pR0 633 evaM epi0 iNDi0, jilda 25, sthala haiM) vana0 222 / 25 / pR0 225 evaM 232 / mAdhavavarmA (lagabhaga 510tuGgezvara--(vArANasI meM) liMga0 119217 / 560 I0) ke khAnapura-dAnapatra use trikUTa evaM turAga--(narmadA ke antargata eka tIrtha) matsya0 malaya kA svAmI kahate haiM (epiH iNDi0, jilda 27, 191 / 19 / pR0 312, 315) / tRNabindu-vana-nA0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 252) / trikoTi-(kazmIra meM eka nadI) nIlamata0 288, tRNabindu-sara--(kAmyaka vana meM) vAyu0 258 / 13 / 386-387 / kazyapa kI prArthanA para aditi trikoTi tejasa--(kurukSetra ke pazcima, jahA~ skanda devoM ke senApati ho gyii| yaha vitastA meM milatI hai| banAye gaye the) pm01|27|53| trigNg--vn084|29, anu025|16,50028|29| toyA--(vindhya se nikalI huI nadI) matsya0 114 / trijalezvara-liMga---(jahA~ gaNDakI evaM deviva 28, vAyu0 45 / 103 / haiM) varAha. 144183 / toSalaka--(yahA~ viSNa kA guhya nAma 'garur3adhvaja' hai) trigartezvara-(mathurA ke antargata) varAha0 176 / 16 / nRsi / tI0 ka0, pR0 252) / kyA yaha TaoNlemI tritakUpa--(eka tIrtha jahA~ balarAma darzanArtha gaye the) kA 'tosaleI', azoka ke dhaulI lekha (sI0 AI0 bhAga0 10178 / 19 (pRthUdaka evaM bindusara ke pazcAt / / AI0, pR0 92 evaM 97) evaM nAgArjunIkoNDa lekha R0 (1 / 105 / 17) ne trita kA ullekha kiyA hai, (epi0 iNDi0, jilda 20,pR0 23) kA 'tosali' hai? jo kupa meM pheMka diyA gayA thA aura jise bRhaspati mauryoM ke kAla meM uttarI kaliMga ko rAjadhAnI tosali ne bacAyA thaa| dekhie nirukta (416) / (purI jile meM Adhunika dhaulI) pramukha nagarI thii| tridazajyoti-(narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 194 / 11 /

Page #447
1440 tridivA --- (1) (himavAn se nikalI huI nadI ) brahmANDa0 2 / 16 / 26 (2) ( mahendra se nikalI ) matsya0 114 / 31, vaayu045|106, brahma0 27 / 37; (3) (RkSavAn se nikalI ) brahmANDa0 2 / 16 / 31 | tridivAbalA -- ( mahendra se nikalI huI nadI ) brahmANDa 0 2 / 16 / 37 / sambhavataH tridivA evaM balA / tripadI ( tirupati) - reNIguNTa nAmaka sTezana se kucha dUra uttara arkATa jile meM / yaha veMkaTagiri hai, jisake Upara veMkaTezvara yA bAlAjI kA prasiddha mandira hai / tripalakSa-- ( yahA~ zrAddha atyanta phaladAyaka hotA hai) brahmANDa0 3 / 13 / 69 / tripura -- (1) ( zrAddha ke lie ati upayogI sthala ) matsya0 22|43; (2) (bANAsura kI rAjadhAnI ) padma 0, 1, adhyAya 14-15 karNaparva 33|17 evaM 34 / 113 - 114 / matsya0 ( adhyAya 129140) ne tripuradAha kA savistara varNana upasthita kiyA hai / aura dekhie anu0 160 1 25-31 evaM kumArI bhaktinuvA mukhopAdhyAya dvArA prastuta eka lekha 'di tripura episIDa ina saMskRta liTarecara' (jarnala, gaMgAnAtha jhA risarca iMsTITayUTa jilda 8, pR0 371-395) / tripurAntaka - - ( zrIparvata ke pUrvI dvAra para ) liMga0 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa 1 / 92 / 150 / tripurI -- ( narmadA para ) tIrthasAra ( pR0 100) ne isake viSaya meM tIna zloka uddhRta kiye haiM / yaha jabalapura ke pazcima 6 mIla dUra Adhunika tevara hai / yaha kala riyoM evaM cediyoM kI rAjadhAnI thii| dekhie yaza:karNadeva kA jabalapura dAna-patra ( 1122 I0), epi0 iNDi0 (jilda 2, pR0 1, 3, vahI, jilda 19, pR0 75, jahA~ mahAkosala kA vistAra diyA huA hai ) / matsya 0 ( 114|53), sabhA0 (21/60) evaM bRhatsaMhitA ( 1419 ) ne tripura deza ko vindhya ke pRSTha bhAga meM avasthita mAnA hai| I0 pU0 dUsarI zatAbdI kI tAmramudrAoM se bhI tripurI kA patA calatA hai / saMkSobha ke betUla dAnapatra se patA calatA hai ki tripurI viSaya dabhAla deza meM avasthita thA / dekhie Ara0 DI0 banarjI kRta 'haihayaja Ava tripurI ( pR0 137) / tripurezvara - ( Dala jhIla se tIna mIla dUra Adhunika grAma triphara jo kazmIra meM hai) rAja0 5/46, ha0 ci0 13 / 200 / kucha logoM ne isakI pahacAna jyeSThezvara se kI hai| tripuSkara - dekhie 'puSkara' / tribhAgA -- ( mahendra se nikalI huI nadI) matsya 0 114 / 31, vAyu0 451104 / triliMga -- vaha deza, jahA~ kAlahastI, zrIzaila evaM drAkSA rAma nAmaka tIna vikhyAta liMga haiN| trilocana liMga -- ( vArANasI meM ) skanda0 4 / 33 / 120, kUrma0 1 / 35 / 14-15, padma0 1 / 37 / 17 / triviSTapa - padma0 1 / 26 / 79 ( jahA~ vaitaraNI nadI hai) / triveNI - (1) (prayAga meM ) varAha0 144 / 8687 (2) ( gaNDakI, devikA evaM brahmaputrA nAmaka nadiyoM kA saMgama ) varAha0 144 / 83 evaM 112115 / yahIM para gajendra ko grAha ne pAnI meM khIMca liyA thA / varAha0 144 / 116- 134 / trizUlagaMgA - vana0 84|11 / sambhavataH yaha 'zUlaghAta' nAmaka kazmIra kA tIrtha hai| trizUlapAta -- ( sarasvatI ke antargata) padma0 112812 ( sambhavataH yaha Upara vAlA tIrtha hai ) / trizikhara -- (parvata) vAyu0 42 / 28, matsya0 183 / 2 / trisandhyA yA trisaMdhyam -- (1) matsya0 22 / 46 ( pitR tIrtha ); (2) (saMdhyA devI kA jharanA ) kazmIra ke pavitratama tIrthoM meM eka / aba yaha biMga paragane meM sundavAra nAmaka sthAna hai, nIlamata0 1471, rAja0 133, sTIna-smRti, pR0 181 / trisAmA - ( mahendra se nikalI huI eka nadI ) vAyu0 45 106, viSNu 0 2 / 3 / 13, bhAga0 5 / 19 / 18 ( jahA~ udgama-sthala kA varNana nahIM hai) / tristhAna --- ( sambhavataH yaha vArANasI hai) anu0 25/16 /

Page #448
tIrthasUcI 1441 trihalikAmAma-(zrAddha yahA~ ati phaladAyaka hotA hai) dakSiNa-sindhu-(cambala kI eka sahAyaka nadI) vana0 vi0dha0 sU0 85 / 24 (TIkA ke anusAra yaha zAlagrAma 82 / 53, padma0 1124 / 1, meghadUta 1130 / vakSezvara--(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, zrayambaka tIrtha-(1) (godAvarI ke antargata pitR- pR0 75) / tIrtha) matsya0 22 / 47, kUrma0 2 / 35 / 18; (2) daNDa--vana0 85 / 15 / (narmadA ke antargata) padma0 1 / 18 / 112 / daNDaka---(eka bhUmi-bhAga kA nAma, sthAna kA parijJAna tryambakezvara--(nAsika meM, jahA~ se godAvarI nikalatI dhUmila, sambhavataH yaha daNDakAraNya hI hai) rAmA0 hai) nAradIya0 2 / 73 / 1-152 (yahA~ isakA 2 / 9 / 12 (dizamAsthAya kaikeyI dkssinnaaNdnnddkaanprti)| mAhAtmya varNita hai), skanda0 4 / 6 / 22, padma0 daNDakAraNya--(yA daNDakavana) vana0 85 / 14, 147) 6 / 176 / 58-59, brahma0 79 / 6 / 32, vraah071|10 (jahA~ gautama ne yajJa kiyA thA), brahma0 88 / 18 / 110, 96 (gautamI daNDaka meM hai), 123 / 117-120 (yahA~ se Arambha hokara gautamI pAMca baMSTrAMkura--(kokAmukha ke antargata) varAha0 140 / yojana thI), 129 / 65 (saMsAra kA sAratatva), 161 // 68-70 / 73 (yaha dharma evaM mukti kA bIja hai), zalya0 39|9dkssknyaatiirss-(nrmdaa ke antargata) padma0 1 / 21 / 14 / 10 (yahA~ janasthAna bhI hai), rAmA0 2 / 18 / 33 evaM pakSatIrtha-(kurukSetra ke antargata) vAma0 46 / 2 (sthANu- 37, 3 / 111, vAma0 84 / 12 (yahA~ daNDakAraNya ke vaTa ke dakSiNa), vAma0 34120 (dakSAzrama evaM brAhmaNoM kA ullekha hai) evaM 43, padma0 34|58dksseshvr)| 59 (nAma kA muul)| dekhie je0 bI0 Ara0 e. bakSaprayAga--nAradIya0 2 / 40 / 96-97 / esa0 (1917, pR0 14-15, aiM0 ji0 Ava mahAbakSiNa-gaMgA--(1) (godAvarI) brahma0 77 / 9-10, rASTra), pAjiTara kI TippaNI (je0 Ara0 e0 esa0, 78177; (2) (kAverI) nRsiMha0 6657; (3) 1894, godAvarI ke vanavAsa kI jiyAgraoNphI, 10 (narmadA) skanda0, revAkhaNDa, 4124; (4) 242) / sambhavataH daNDakAraNya meM bundelakhaNDa yA (tuMgabhadrA) vikramAMkadevacarita, 4 / 62 / bhUpAla se lekara godAvarI yA kRSNA taka ke sAre vana bakSiNa-gokarNa--varAha0 216 / 22-23 / sammilita the| bAha0 sa0 (1656) kA kathana hai bakSiNa-paMcanada-vi0 dha0 sU0 85 / 51 (vaijayantI TIkA ki hasta nakSatra meM duSTa dhUmaketu daNDakAraNya ke pramukha ke anusAra pAMca nadiyA~ ye haiM-kRSNA, kAverI, tuMgA, ko mAra DAlatA hai| bhadrA evaM konnaa)| daNDakhAta-(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI. bakSiNa-prayAga--(baMgAla ke saptagrAma meM yaha mokSaveNI ke ka0, pR0 90) / nAma se vikhyAta hai) gaMgAvAkyAvalI, pR0 296 evaM dattAtreya-liMga-(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 tIrthaprakAza, pR0 355 / de (pR0 52) ke mata se yaha ka0, pR0 113) / triveNI baMgAla meM hugalI ke uttara meM hai| dadhikarNezvara-(vArANamI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI. dakSiNa-mathurA---(madrAsa prAnta meM madurA) bhAga0 ka0, pR0 94) / 1079 / 15 / ddhiictiirth-vn083|186, padma0 1 / 27 / 73-74 (jahA~ dakSiNa-mAnasa- (gayA meM eka tAlAba yA kuNDa) nAra- sArasvata Thahara gaye aura siddharAT arthAta siddha logoM dIya0 2 / 45 / 74, agni0 115 / 17 / ke kumAra athavA rAjA ho gye)|

Page #449
1442 dIcezvara -- ( vArANasI ke antargata ) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 43) / varDara yA durdara -- (nIlagiri pahAr3I ) vana0 282 / 43, mArka 054 / 12, varAha0 214 / 52, raghuvaMza 4 / 51, tAmraparNI nadI ke pAsa bArha 0 sU0 14|11 / dasaMkramaNa - vana0 84 / 45, padma0 1 / 32 / 9 / dazArNA (RkSa parvata se nikalI huI nadI, jahA~ ke zrAddha, japa, dAna ati puNyakAraka hote haiM) matsya0 22 / 34, kUrma0 2137 35-36, vAyu0 45/99, 77/93 / vilasana (jilda 2, pR0 155 ) kA kathana hai ki aba ise dasAna kahA jAtA hai, jo bhUpAla se nikala kara betavA meM milatI hai / mahAbhASya (vArtika 7 evaM 8, pANini 661 / 89 ) ne isakI vyutpatti kI hai (jilda 3, pR0 69) / dazArNa kA artha vaha deza hai, jisameM dasa durga hoM yA vaha nadI ( dazArNA) ho jisake dasa jala hoM / meghadUta ( 1123 - 24) se prakaTa hotA hai ki dazArNa deza kI rAjadhAnI vidizA thI aura vetravatI (betavA ) isake pAsa thii| TaoNlemI ne ise dosarona kahA hai ( pR0 71) / bArha 0 sU0 (10/15) kA kathana hai ki uttarASAr3ha meM zanaizcara (zani) dazArNo ko naSTa kara detA hai / dazAzvamedhika -- ( yA medhaka, yA megha) (1) (gaMgA -- dharmazAstra kA itihAsa para eka tIrtha ) vana0 83 / 14, 85 / 87, vAyu0 77 / 45, brahmANDa0 3 / 13 / 45, kUrma0 2 / 37 / 26, matsya 0 185 / 68 (vArANasI meM ); (2) (prayAga ke antargata) mtsy0106|46; (3) ( gayA ke antargata) agni0 115/45, nAradIya0 2 / 47 / 30 ; ( 4 ) ( narmadA ke antargata ) matsya 0 193 / 21, kUrma0 2 / 41, 104 padma0 120 120; dekhie bambaI gaje0 ( jilda 2, pR0 348 ) ; ( 5 ) ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 154 / 23; ( 6 ) ( kurukSetra ke antargata) padma0 1 / 26 / 12; ( 7 ) ( godAvarI ke antargata) brahma0 83 / 1 ; ( 8 ) ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 ( tI0 ka0, pR0 116 ) / dAkinI (DAkinI) - ( bhImazaMkara ) zivapurANa 4 / 1 / 18 | dAmI - (puMlliMga saMjJA ) vana0 82 / 71-75 / dAmodaranAga-- kazmIra kI eka dhArA, jo khunamoha grAma kA UparI zikhara hai, jahA~ kavi bilhaNa kA janma huA thA | dekhie sTIna-smRti, pR0 166 / dAtmyAzrama -- ( vaka dAlbhya kA Azrama, jahA~ rAma evaM lakSmaNa sugrIva evaM usake anucaroM ke sAtha rahate the ) padma0 6146 / 14-15 / dAruvana maM0 2039 / 66, yaha devadAruvana hai| diNDIpuNyakara -- ( zrAddha ke yogya, sambhavataH dakSiNa meM ) matsya0 22 / 77 / divAkara-liMga- - ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 65) / divaukaH puSkariNI -- vana0 84 / 118, padma0 1|38|35| dIpezvara -- ( narmadA ke antargata ) matsya 0 191 38, kUrma0 2 / 41 / 25-27 (yaha vyAsa - tIrtha - tapovana hai ) / dIptova - ( yaha sambhavataH bhRgutIrtha hai) vana0 99/69 ( jahA~ para parazurAma ke prapitAmaha bhRgu evaM pitA ne kaThina tapa kiyA thA ) / dIrghasatra -- vana0 82 / 107-110, padma0 1 / 25 / 15-16 / dIrghaviSNu -- ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 163 / 63 / dugdhezvara -- ( sAbhramatI ke antargata ) padma0 6 148|1 ( khaNDadhara ke dakSiNa ), dekhie bambaI gaje0, jilda 16, pR0 6 / durgA -- bArha 0 sU0 (3128), durgA vindhya para rahatI haiM / durgA - - (vindhya se nikalanevAlI eka nadI) vAyu0 45 / 103 evaM brahmANDa 0 2 / 16 / 33 / durgAtIrtha - - (1) ( sarasvatI ke antargata ) vAmana0 25 / 103, brahmANDa 0 2 / 16 / 33; (2) (godAvarI ke antargata ) brahma0 132 / 8 / durgA-sAbhramatIsaMgama - padma0 6 / 169 / 1 / durdharezvara-- ( sAbhramatI para) padma0 6 / 146 / 1 / dRSadvatI - (nadI) (dekhie adhyAya 15 ke Arambha meM ) R0 ( 3 / 23 / 4 ) meM yaha 'ApayA' evaM 'sarasvatI' ke sAtha agni-pUjA ke lie pavitra mAnI gayI hai / vana0 90 / 11, manu0 2 / 17 ne ise devanadI kahA hai, nAra

Page #450
tIrthasUcI dIya0 2 / 60 30, bhAga0 5 / 19 / 18 / kucha logoM ne ise ghaggara evaM kucha logoM ne cittAMga mAnA hai ( kaimbrija hisTrI Ava iNDiyA, jilda 1, pR0 80) / vartamAna nAma meM yaha nadI nahIM pahacAnI jA sakI hai| kaniMghama ( e0 esa0 AI0, jilda 14, pR0 88 ) ne ise thAnesara ke dakSiNa 17 mIla para rAvazI nadI kahA hai, jise svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai, yadyapi yaha mata abhI sandehAtmaka hI hai / devagiri - ( mathurA ke antargata eka pahAr3I) varAha0 164 / 27, bhAga0 5 / 19 / 16 / devatIrtha -- (1) ( godAvarI ke uttarI taTa para ) brahma 0 127|1; (2) ( narmadA ke antargata) matsya 0 191 / 25, 193 / 81, kUrma0 2 / 42 / 16, padma 0 1|18|25; (3) ( sAbhramatI ke antargata ) padma0 6 / 161 / 1 / devapatha - - vana0 85145, padma0 1|39|42 // devaparvata --- ( sambhavataH arAvalI pahAr3I) devala0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 250 ) devaprabha-- ( gaNDakI ke antargata ) varAha0 145 / 59 / devaprayAga - dekhie alakanandA | yaha bhAgIrathI evaM alakanandA saMgama-sthala hai| dekhie yU0 pI0 gaje 0, jilda 36, pR0 214 / devadAvana - (1) (badrInAtha ke pAsa himAlaya meM ) anu0 25 / 27, kUrma 0 2 / 36 / 53-60, 239 / 18 evaM 66, matsya0 13 / 47 ( yahA~ para devI kA nAma puSTi hai); (2) (marAThavAr3A ke pAsa audha ) padma0 6 / 129 / 27; (3) ( kazmIra meM vijayezvara ) ha0 ci0 1013 | bevalezvara -- ( vArANasI ke antargata ) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 92 ) / devazAlA -- yahA~ viSNu trivikrama ke nAma se pUjita hote haiM / nRsiMha0 65 / 15 (tI0 ka0, pR0 252 ) / vevahada -- (1) ( gaNDakI ke antargata ) varAha0 1450 71, anu0 26 / 44; (2) (kRSNa-veNA ke antargata ) vana0 85 / 43 / 109 1443 devahadA - ( kazmIra meM eka nadI ) vana0 84 / 141, padma0 1|38|57 / devAgama -- ( godAvarI ke antargata ) brahma0 160 1 / devAraNya -- ( lauhitya yA brahmaputra nadI para eka vana ) vAyu 0 47 / 11 / devikA -- (1) (himAlaya se nikalanevAlI nadI sindhu evaM paMcanada tathA sarasvatI ke bIca meM ) vana 0 82 / 102-107, 222 / 22 (cAra yojana lambI evaM AdhA yojana caur3I), brahma0 27 / 27, vAyu0 45/95, anu0166 / 19, vAma 0 8115 / viSNu0 (4 / 24 / 69 ) meM AyA hai ki vrAtya, mleccha evaM zUdra sindhu ke taToM evaM dAvikorvI, candrabhAgA evaM kazmIra para rAjya kareMge / yahA~ 'dAvikorvI', jaisA ki zrIdhara kA kathana hai, devikA kI bhUmi hai / (2) ( gaNDakI se milane vAlI eka nadI ) varAha0 144 / 83, 112-13, 214 / 54; ( 3 ) ( gayA ke antargata ) vAyu0 112 / 30, 77 41, brahmANDa0 3 / 13 / 41 / anu0 25 / 12 evaM 165 19, kUrma 0 2 / 37 25, padma0 1 / 25 / 9-14, nAradIya0 2 / 47/27, viSNu0 2 / 15 / 6, vAmana0 78 / 37 -- sabhI ne devikA kI prazasti gAyI hai, kintu yaha kauna-sI nadI hai, nahIM jJAta ho paataa| nIlamata0 (152-153) ke mata se yaha irAvatI ke samAna punIta hai, umA svarUpa hai aura rAvI evaM cinAba ke madhya meM madra deza meM hai / dekhie pANini ( 7|3|1) / de ( pR0 55) kA kathana hai ki yaha sarayU kA dakSiNI bhAga hai jo devikA yA devA ke nAma se vikhyAta hai / vAma0 (84| 12) ne devikAtIrtha ke brAhmaNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| skanda0 (7, prabhAsa - mAhAtmya, adhyAya 278 6667) ne mUlasthAna (mulatAna ) ko devikA para sthita mAnA hai| padma 01 / 25 / 9-14 ( pA~ca yojana lambI evaM AdhA yojana caur3I ) / viSNu0 (2 / 15 / 6 ) ne vIranagara ko devikA para sthita evaM pulastya dvArA sthApita mAnA hai| devikA, jaisA ki anu0 ( 165 / 19 evaM 21) meM AyA hai, sarayU nahIM hai, ina donoM ke nAma pRthak-pRthak Aye haiM / bArha 0 sU0 (2035) meM AyA

Page #451
1444 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa hai ki eka duSTa ketu uttara meM devikA ko bhI mAra dvArakA-- -(1) vaidika sAhitya meM isa tIrtha kA nAma nahIM ddaalegaa| pArjiTara (mArka0 kA anuvAda, pR0292) ne ise paMjAba kI dIga yA deva nadI mAnA hai aura DA0 vI0 esa0 agravAla ne ise kazmIra meM vulara jhIla mAnA hai ( je0 yU0 pI0 ec0 es0, jilda 16, pR0 21-22) / jagannAtha ( vahI, jilda 17, bhAga 2, pR0 78) ne pAjiTara kA mata mAna liyA hai, jo ThIka ja~catA hai | devikATa - - ( yahA~ devI nandinI kahI gayI hai) matsya0 13 / 28 / AtA, kintu isake viSaya meM mahAbhArata evaM purANoM meM bahuta kucha kahA gayA hai| yaha sAta punIta nagariyoM meM hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki do dvArakAe~ thIM, jinameM eka apekSAkRta adhika prAcIna hai| prAcIna dvArakA koDinara ke pAsa thI / somAta evaM siMgAtra nadiyoM ke mukhoM ke bIca samudra taTa para jo choTA dUha hai aura jo koDinara se lagabhaga tIna mIla dUra hai, vaha eka mandira ke bhagnAvazeSa se ghirA huA hai| ise hindU loga mUla dvArakA kahate haiM jahA~ para kRSNa rahate the, aura yahIM se ve okhAmaNDala kI dvArakA meM gye| dekhie bambaI gaje 0 (jilda 8, pR0 518-520 ) / jarAsandha ke lagAtAra AkramaNoM se vivaza hokara kRSNa ne ise basAyA thA / isakA udyAna raivataka evaM pahAr3I gomanta thI / yaha lambAI meM do yojana evaM caur3AI meM eka yojana thI / dekhie sabhA0 (14149-55 ) / varAha0 ( 149 / 78) ne ise 10 yojana lambI evaM 5 yojana caur3I nagarI kahA hai| brahma0 (14/54-56 ) meM AyA hai ki vRSNiyoM evaM andhakoM ne kAlayavana ke Dara se mathurA chor3a dI aura kRSNa kI sahamati lekara kuzasthalI cale ye aura dvArakA kA nirmANa kiyA (viSNu 0 5 / 23 / 1315) / brahma0 (196 / 13-15 ) meM AyA hai ki kRSNa ne samudra se 12 yojana bhUmi mA~gI, vATikAoM, bhavanoM evaM dRr3ha dIvAroM ke sAtha dvArakA kA nirmANa kiyA aura vahA~ mathurAvAsiyoM ko bsaayaa| jaba kRSNa kA dehAvasAna gayA to nagara ko samudra ne DubA diyA aura use bahA DAlA, jisakA ullekha bhaviSyavANI ke rUpa mausalaparva (6 / 23-24, 7141-42), brahma0 (210/ 55 evaM 212 / 9) meM huA hai| dekhie viSNu 0 5 / 38 / 9 (kRSNa ke prAsAda ko chor3akara sampUrNa dvArakA baha gayI ) evaM bhaviSya0 4 / 129 / 44 ( rukmiNI ke bhavana ko chor3akara) | yaha Anarta kI rAjadhAnI kahI gayI hai| ( udyoga 0 7 / 6) aura sarvaprathama yaha kuzasthalI ke nAma se vikhyAta thI ( sabhA0 14|50 ) / dekhie matsya 0 69 / 9, padma0 5 / 23 / 10, brahma0 7 / 29-32 evaM devIpITha -- kAlikApurANa (64 / 89-91 ) meM ATha pIThoM kI gaNanA huI hai| devIkUTa -- kAlikA0 18 / 41, jahA~ para satI ke zava ke caraNa gira par3e the / devIsthAna --- devIbhAgavata ( 7 / 38 / 5-30 ) meM devI- sthAna ke ye nAma haiM, yathA - kolApura, tulajApura, sapta zRMga Adi / matsya0 ( 13 / 26 / 54 ) ne 108 devIsthAnoM ke nAma likhe haiM / deveza -- ( vArANasI ke antargata ) padma0 1 / 37 / 9 / devezvara - ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 65) / (sambhavataH kurukSetra ke makSatra -- liMga 0 1 / 92 / 129 pAsa) / brumacaNDezvara -- ( vArANasI meM eka liMga) liMga0 1 / 92 / 136 / droNa-- ( bhAratavarSa meM eka parvata) matsya0 121 13, bhAga0 5 / 19 / 16, padma0 6 / 8 / 45-46 / droNAzramapada ---- anu0 25 / 28 (tI0 ka0, pR0 256; 'droNadharma' pATha AyA hai ) / droNezvara - ( vArANasI ke antargata ) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 66) / droNI - (nadI) matsya0 22 / 37 ( yahA~ zrAddha ananta hotA hai ) / dvAdazAdityakuNDa24 / - ( badarI ke antargata ) varAha0 141 /

Page #452
tIrthasUcI 1445 agni0273|12 (rAjadhAnI kA Arambhika nAma kuza- (indraprastha meM bhI dvArakA hai) padma0 6 / 20214 evaM sthalI thaa)| Adhunika dvArakA kAThiyAvAr3a meM okhA 62 / ke pAsa hai| harivaMza (2, viSNuparva, adhyAya 58 evaM dvArakA--(kRSNatIrtha) matsya0 22 / 39 / 98) ne dvArakA ke nirmANa kI gAthA dI hai| kucha dvAravatI-yaha dvArakA hI hai| yahA~ jyotiliMgoM meM prAcIna jaina granthoM (yathA--uttarAdhyayanasUtra, es. eka nAgeza kA mandira hai| kAzAkhaNDa (7|10rbii0 I0, jilda 45, pR0 115) ne dvArakA evaM raivataka 105) meM AyA hai-'yahA~ sabhI vargoM ke lie dvAra haiM, zikhara (giranAra) kA ullekha kiyA hai| jAtakoM ne . ataH vidvAnoM ne ise dvAravatI kahA hai| yahA~ jIvoM kI bhI isakA ullekha kiyA hai| dekhie DA0bI0 sI0 lA asthiyoM para cakracihna hai, kyA Azcarya hai jaba manuSyoM kA granya 'iNDiyA aija DeskrAibDa ina arlI TeksTa Ava ke hAthoM meM cakra yA zaMkha kI AkRtiyA~ hoM?' dvArakAbuddhijma eNDa jainijma' (pR0 102, 239) / prabhAsa- mAhAtmya meM aisA AyA hai ki mathurA, kAzI evaM khaNDa (skandapurANa) meM dvArakA ke viSaya meM 44 avantI meM pahuMcanA sarala hai, kintu ayodhyA, mAyA evaM adhyAyoM evaM 2000 zlokoM kA eka prakaraNa AyA hai| dvArakA meM pahu~canA kaliyuga meM bahuta kaThina hai| ise isameM kahA gayA hai-'jo puNya vArANasI, kurukSetra evaM dvAravatI isalie kahA jAtA hai ki yaha mokSa kA narmadA kI yAtrA karane se prApta hotA hai, vaha dvArakA mArga hai| yUla Adi ne periplasa ke 'bArake' se isakI meM nimiSa mAtra meM prApta ho jAtA hai' (452) / pahacAna kI hai (TaoNlemI, pR0 187-188) / / 'dvArakA kI tIrthayAtrA mukti kA cauthA sAdhana hai| dvidevakula-(zrIparvata ke antargata) liMga0 (1192 // vyakti samyaka jJAna (brahmajJAna),prayAga-maraNa yA kevala 158) / kRSNa ke pAsa mitI-snAna se mukti prApta karatA hai' dvIpa-(sambhavataH gaMgA ke mukha para kA dvIpa) (skanda0 7 / 4 / 4 / 97-98) / bhaviSya0 (kRSNajanma- nRsiMha0 65 / 7 (tI0 ka0, pR0 251) / yahA~ khaNDa, uttarArdha, adhyAya 103) meM dvArakA kI utpatti viSNu kI pUjA ananta kapila ke rUpa meM ke viSaya meM atizayokti kI gayI hai| vahA~ dvArakA 100 hotI hai| yojana vAlI kahI gayI hai| bInAbAyI dvArA saMkalita dvIpezvara--(narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 19380, dvArakA-pattalaka nAmaka grantha hai jisameM skanda0 meM upa- paca0 1118 / 38 evaM 23176 / / sthita dvArakA kA varNana thor3e meM diyA gayA hai| yAtrI vaitavana-(zatapatha brAhmaNa 13 / 5 / 4 / 9 meM AyA hai ki sarvaprathama gaNeza kI pUjA karatA hai, taba balarAma evaM matsya deza ke rAjA dvaitavana ke nAma para dvaita sara kA yaha kRSNa kI, vaha aSTamI, navamI yA caturdazI ko rukmiNI nAma par3A) vn011|68,24|10,237|12 (isameM ke mandira meM jAtA hai, isake uparAnta vaha cakratIrtha, eka sara thaa)| zalya0 37 / 27 (sarasvatI para taba dvArakA-gaMgA tathA zaMkhoddhAra meM jAtA hai aura balarAma Aye the), vAma0 22 / 12 / 47156 / yaha gomatI meM snAna karatA hai| dvArakAnAtha kA sAnihatya kuNDa ke pAsa thaa| mandira gomatI ke uttarI taTa para sthita hai| pramukha mandira kI pA~ca maJjila haiM, vaha 100 phuTa UMcA aura 150 phuTa UMce zikhara vAlA hai| dekhie DA0 dhanadezvara--(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, e0 DI0 pusalkara kA lekha (DA0 bI0 sI0 lA pR070)| bheMTa-grantha, jilda 1, pR0 218) jahA~ dvArakA dhanvatIlpA-(pAriyAtra parvata se nikalI huI nadI) ke viSaya meM anya sUcanAeM bhI dI huI haiN| (2) matsya0 114 / 24 /

Page #453
1446 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa antargata ) liMga 0 66 / 33 / dhanuHpAta -- (Amalaka grAma ke antargata ) nRsiMha0 dharmezvara -- (1) (vArANasI ke ( tI0 ka0, pR0 53 ) ; ( 2 ) ( gayA ke antargata ) nAradIya0 2 / 45 / 103, vAyu0 111 / 26 / dharmodbhava --- (kokAmukha ke antargata ) varAha0 140 / dharaNItIrtha -- ( yahA~ para zrAddha atyanta puNyakAraka hai ) matsya 0 22 / 70 / 44-46 / dharmahada -- ( vArANasI ke antargata ) nAradIya0 2 / 51 / 14 / dharmanada -- yaha paJcanada hai / dekhie 'paMcanada' | dharmaprastha --- ( gayA ke antargata ) vana0 84 / 99 / dharmapRSTha -- ( bodhagayA se cAra mIla para ) padma0 5 / 11 / 74, nAradIya0 2 / 44 / 54-55 evaM 78, kUrma0 2 / 37 | dhavalezvara -- ( sAbhramatI ke uttarI taTa para ) padma0 6 / 144 / 7 (ise indra dvArA pratiSThApita samajhA jAtA hai) / dhArA--- - (nadI) padma0 1128/26, matsya0 22|38| dhArAtIrtha -- ( narmadA ke uttarI taTa para ) matsya 0 1906 / dhArApatanakatIrtha - (mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 154 / 8 / ghuSTivinAyaka -- ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 126) / skanda0 4 / 57 33 ( yahA~ 'dhuSTi' kI vyutpatti kI gayI hai); 56 gaNezoM ke lie dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 4, adhyAya 13 / dhUtapApa -- ( yA dhautapApa yA dhotapura ) (1) ( narmadA ke antargata) matsya 0 22/39, 193 / 62, kUrma 0 2 / 42 / 9-10; (2) (gokarNa para) brahmANDa0 3 / 13 / 20 ( rudra ne yahA~ tapa kiyA); (3) ( gayA ke antargata) agni0 116 12, nAradIya0 2 / 47 / 35, ( 4 ) ( stutasvAmI ke antargata ) varAha0 148 / 58 (stutasvAmI se 5 kosa se kama kI dUrI para ), tI0 ka0, pR0 223 | aiM0ji0 ( pR0 401 ) meM AyA hai ki dhopApapura gomatI ke dAhine taTa para hai, aura sultAnapura se dakSiNa-pUrva 18 mIla hai / (5) ( ratnagiri jile meM saMgamezvara ke pAsa ) dekhie impi0 gaje0 iNDi0, jilda 22, pR0 50 dhUtapApA -- (1) (vArANasI ke antargata eka nadI ) dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 4, adhyAya 13 / (2) (himAlaya se nikalI huI nadI) vAma0 57/80, brahmANDa0 2 / 16 / 26 / dhUmAvatI - vana 0 ( ghUmavantI ) / 84 / 22, 38 / dharmarAjatIrtha -- (prayAga ke pAsa yamunA ke pazcimI taTa para) matsya0 108 / 27, padma0 1145 / 27 / dharmAraNya -- ( 1 ) ( gayA ke antargata ) vana0 82/46, anu0 166 / 28-29 / vAyu0 111 / 23, vAma084112 ( dharmAraNya ke brAhmaNa), agni0 115 / 34, nAradIya 0 2|45|100; dekhie DA0 baruA kA 'gayA evaM buddhagayA', jilda 1, pR016-17 ( jahA~ yaha mata prakAzita hai ki yaha bodhagayA ke mandira ke AsapAsa kI bhUmi se sambandhita hai aura yaha bauddha sAhitya ke uruvelA yA uruvilvA ke jaMgala kI ora nirdeza karatA hai / ( 1|32|7) meM AyA hai ki dharmAraNya brahmA ke pautra evaM kuza ke putra asUrta rajA dvArA sthApita kiyA gayA thA / dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 4, adhyAya 14 / (2) ( mahAkAla ke pAsa ) padma0 1 / 12 / 6-8; bRhatsaMhitA 14 / 2 ( kintu sthAna anizcita hai ) / dharmazAstrezvara - ( vArANasI ke antargata ) 4|33|133 // dharmazilA --- ( gayA ke antargata ) vAyu0 (adhyAya 107 ) evaM agni0 114 / 8-28 / gAthA ke lie dekhie gata adhyAya 14 / rAmA0 skanda 0 dharmatIrtha -- ( vArANasI ke antargata) padma0 1137 4, agni0 109 / 16, kUrma 0 1135/10, padma0 6 / 135 / 17 / dharmAvatI -- ( sAbhramatI se milane vAlI nadI ) padma0 6 / 135 / 16 // padma0 12823

Page #454
dhUtavAhinI - ( RSyavanta se nikalI huI nadI) matsya0 114 / 26 / dhenuka - ( gayA ke antargata ) vana0 84187-89, padma 0 1138 / 7-10, nAradIya0 2 / 44 / 68 | dhenukAraNya -- ( gayA ke antargata ) vAyu0 112 / 56, agni0 116 / 32 / dhenuvaTa -- (kokAmukha ke antargata ) varAha0 140 140 43 | dhautapApa - dekhie 'pApapraNAzana' / dhautapApA -- (himAlaya se nikalI huI nadI) matsya 0 114 / 22 / dhautapApezvara - ( vArANasI ke antargata ) tIrthasUcI 4 / 33 / 156 / dhruvatapovana - padma0 1 / 38 / 31 / dhruvatIrtha -- ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 152/58 evaM 18011 / na svanda nakulagaNa -- ( kurukSetra ke antargata ) vAma0 46 / 2 / sambhavataH yaha lakulIza (yaha bahudhA 'nakuloza' kahA gayA hai) ke anuyAyiyoM kI ora saMketa karatA hai| dekhie epi0 iNDi0, jilda 21, pR0 1, jahA~ candragupta dvitIya ke mathurA zilAlekha san 380 I0 kA ullekha hai jisameM yaha ullikhita hai ki pAzupata sampradAya ke pravartaka lakulI prathama zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM hue the| milAie vAyu0 23 / 22-25 ( kAyAvarohaNa nakulI kA siddhikSetra kahA gayA hai) / nakulI -- ( viSNupada se nikalI huI nadI) brahmANDa 0 pR0 107 ) / nakulIzvara -- kUrma0 244 / 12 / padma0 5 / 18 / 456 / nandikeza -- ( narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 1916 / nandikuNDa - - ( 1 ) ( kazmIra meM ) anu0 25/60, nIlamata0 1459, agni0 2|9|64; (2) ( jahA~ se sAbhramatI nikalatI hai) padma0 6 / 132 / 1 evaM 13 / nandikUTa -- anu0 23 / 60 (tI0 ka0, pR0 248 ) / nandikSetra - ( kazmIra meM ) rAja0 1036, nIlamata 0 1204 - 1328 (yahA~ silAda ke putra ke rUpa meM utpanna nandI kI gAthA hai), haramukha coTI ke, jahA~ kAlodaka sara hai, pUrvI hima- khaNDoM kI upatyakA hai / 2 / 18 / 68 / nakulIza --- ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (to0 ka0 nanviguhA -- ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 ( tI0 ka0, naga - - ( gayA ke antargata eka pahAr3I) vAyu0 108 / 28 | navantikA -- vi0 dha0 sU0 85 / 19 (zrAddha kA tIrtha ) / 1447 nadIzvara - ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 103 ) / nandanavana --- ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 187) / nandanA --- (RkSavAn parvata se nikalI huI nadI) matsya 0 144 / 25, vAyu0 45 / 27, brahma0 27 / 28 (donoM meM 'candanA' pATha AyA hai, jo azuddha hai) / nandAvana 0 87 / 77, vAyu0 77 79, Adi 0 215 / 7, vana0 110 / 1 ( hemakUTa ke pAsa), anu0 166 / 28, bhAga0 7 / 14 / 32, varAha0 214 / 47 / ye sabhI grantha isake sthAna ke viSaya meM kucha nahIM kahate / bhAga0 (4 / 6 / 24 ) se prakaTa hotA hai ki yaha kailAsa evaM saugandhika vana ke pAsa thA / bhAga0 (4 / 6 / 23-24) ne ise evaM alakanandA ko saugandhika vana ke pAsa rakhA hai| nanvAvarI --- (nadI) devala (tI0 ka0 pR0 249) ne ise kauzikI ke pazcAt varNita kiyA hai| pro0 AyaMgara ne ise kosI nadI ke pUrva meM uttara pradeza meM mahAnadI mAnA hai / nandAsarasvatI - (sarasvatI kA yaha nAma par3a gayA) dekhie pR0 193) / nandigrAma - ( jahA~ para rAma ke vanavAsa ke uparAnta unake pratinidhi rUpa meM rahakara bharata rAjya kI rakSA karate the) vana0 277 / 39, 291/62, rAmA0 2 / 115/22,

Page #455
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa 7 / 62 / 13, bhAga0 9|10| 36 | yaha phaijAbAda se nahuSezvara - ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, 8 mIla dakSiNa avagha meM nandagA~va hai / 1448 nandinI - (nadI) vana0 84 / 155, padma0 1 / 38 / 62 / nandinI - saMgama - ( godAvarI ke antargata ) brahma0 128/1 evaM 73-74 / nandiparvata - ( kazmIra meM ) ha0 ci0 4 / 30 evaM 32 ( hemakUTa- gaMgA ke pAsa ) / nandIza -- ( kazmIra meM ziva nandikola meM pUjita hote haiM, kintu vistRta artha meM yaha haramukuTa kI jhIloM se nIce bhUtezvara taka kI bhUmi kA dyotaka hai) rAjataraMgiNI 1 / 124 / nandItaTa-- ( godAvarI ke antargata ) brahma0 152 / 1 evaM 4 (ise Ananda bhI kahA jAtA hai) / nanditIrtha -- ( narmadA ke antargata) matsya 0 191 / 37, kUrma 2041 90, padma 1 / 18 / 37 / C nandIzezvara - - ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 57) / naraka - (1) vana0 83 / 168 ( kucha pANDulipiyoM meM 'anaraka' aura kucha meM 'naraka' AyA hai); (2) (narmadA ke antargata ) padma0 1 / 18 / 36, 2011-2 / narasiMhAzrama -- ( kazmIra meM ) nIlamata0 1520 / nalinI -- (1) ( pUrva kI ora bahatI huI gaMgA kI tIna dhArAe~) vAyu0 47 / 38 evaM 56, matsya0 121 / 40, rAmA0 1 / 43 / 13; (2) (kazmIra kI eka nadI ) ha0 ci0 14 / 101 / narmadA -- dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 4, adhyAya 15 / narmadA - eraNDIsaMgama tIrthaprakAza ( pR0 383) / narmadAprabhava- tIrthaprakAza, pR0 383, padma0 1|39|9; vana0 (8519) meM AyA hai-- 'zoNasya narmadAyAzca prabhede / ' narmadeza -- ( narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 191 / 73, padma0 1 / 18 / 69 / narmadezvara-- ( narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 194 / 2 / nalakUbarezvara - ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 103 ) / pR0 115) / nAkulezvara tIrtha -- ( lakulIzatIrtha ?) matsya0 22|77, vAma0 7 / 26 ( narmadA para nAkulezvara, jahA~ cyavana ne snAna kiyA thaa)| nAgadhanvA -- (sarasvatI ke anatidUra dakSiNa) zalya0 1 37 / 30 ( yahA~ vAsuki kI pratimA sthApita nAgakUTa - - ( gayAzira ke antargata sammilita ) vAyu 0 111 / 22, nAradIya0 2 / 45 / 95 / nAgapura -- ( hastinApura ) vana0 183 | 36 | nAgasAhva-- (gaMgA ke dAhine kinAre para hastinApura, jo meraTha se 22 mIla uttara-pUrva hai) vAyu0 77 / 271, matsya0 5078, nRsiMha0 65 / 11 ( tI0 ka0, pR0 252, yahA~ viSNu kA guhya nAma govinda hai) / aura dekhie 'hastinApura' | nAgatIrtha - - ( 1 ) ( vArANasI ke antargata) matsya0 22/23, kUrma 0 1 35 / 7, padma0 1 / 28 / 33; (2) ( godAvarI ke antargata ) brahma0 1111 ; (3) ( tripuSkara ke antargata ) padma0 5 / 26 / 51; (4) ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 154 | 14; (isakA sthAna anizcita hai ) vana0 84 / 33 / nAgabheda --- ( anya sthAnoM para antarhita kintu yahA~ para sarasvatI prakaTa huI hai) vana0 82 / 112, agni0 109 / 13 / (5) nAgezvara - ( narmadA para eka tapovana) matsya0 191| 83 / nAvezvara - (1) (vArANasI ke antargata ) liMga 0 ( tI0 ka0, pR0 127) / ( 2 ) ( sambhavataH yaha bindusara hai ) nAradIya0 1116 / 46 ( himavAn para jahA~ bhagIratha ne tapa kiyA thA ) / nAbhi -- ( gayA ke antargata ) nAradIya0 2 / 47 / 82 / nAradakuNDa -- (lohArgala ke antargata ) varAha0 151 / 37 // nAravatIrtha - ( narmadA ke antargata) kUrma0 2 / 41 / 1617, padma0 1 / 18 / 23 /

Page #456
tIrthasUcI 1449 nAradezvara--(1) (narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 191 / nimbArkatIrtha-(sAbhramatI para) padma0 6 / 15111 evaM 5; (2) (vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, 14 (pippalAdatIrtha ke paas)| pR0 53) / nimnabheda-- (godAvarI ke uttarI taTa para) brahma nArAyaNasara--(sindha kI pUrvI zAkhA ke mukha para, jise 151 / 1 / korI kahA jAtA hai) bhAga0 6 / 5 / 3 evaM 25, ziva- niraJjana-(AdityatIrtha, prayAga meM yamunA ke uttara purANa 22 / 13 / 13 / yaha sindhu-samudra saMgama hai| yaha taTa para) matsya0 108 / 29 / tI0 ka0 pR0 149 meM kaccha ke mukhya nagara bhuja se 81 mIla dUra evaM koTI- 'nirUjaka' AyA hai| zvara tathA samudra ke bIca meM hai| prAcIna kAla meM niraJjanA--vaha nadI jisameM mohanA milatI hai aura yahA~ eka jhIla evaM Adi-nArAyaNa kA mandira thaa| jisake saMgama se phalgu nAmaka nadI gayA meM AtI hai| dekhie bambaI gaje0, jilda 5, pR0245-248| yaha bauddha granthoM meM vikhyAta hai| eriyana ne mohanA ko nArAyaNAzrama-- (badarI ke pAsa) vana0 145 / 26-34, 'magona' evaM niraJjanA ko 'ehenyasisa' kahA hai 156 / 14 / bhAga0 7 / 14 / 32, 9 / 3 / 36, 1087 / (TaoNlemI, pR0 97) / niravindaparvata--anu0 25 / 42 / nArAyaNasthAna-vana0 84112, padma0 1138 / 39 / nirjarezvara--(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, nArAyaNatIrSa-(1) (vArANasI ke antargata) padma0 10 103) / 113715; (2) brahma 176 / 1 evaM 33 (godAva ke nirvindhyA--(vindhya se nikalakara caMbala meM milanevAlI antargata, ise vipratIrtha bhI kahA jAtA hai)| nadI) brahma 27133, matsya0 114127, mArka0 nArItIrthAni--(dravir3a deza meM samudra para) 'vana0 118 / - 113 / 33, brahmANDa0 2 / 16 / 32, meghadUta 1 / 18 / ... 4, Adi0 217|17--'dkssinne sAgarAnUpe paJca bhAga0 (4 / 1 / 17-19 evaM viSNu0 2 / 3 / 11) ke anutIrthAni santi vai|' dekhie 'pnycaapsrs'| sAra yaha RkSa se nikalatI hai aura muni atri kA isa mArasiMha- (gayA ke antargata) nAradIya0 2 / 46 / - para Azrama hai| mArka0 (adhyAya 113) meM vidUratha (jisakI rAjadhAnI nivindhyA ke pAsa thI) evaM mArasiMhatI--(1) (godAvarI ke uttarI taTa para) bhalandana ke putra vatsaprI kI gAthA AyI hai| brahma0 149 / 1; (2) (darzana mAtra se pApa kaTatA nirvIrA-(nadI) vana0 84 / 138-139 (isake taTa hai) matsya0 22143 / para vasiSThAzrama thaa)| nAsikya--(Adhunika nAsika) dekhie isa grantha kA nivAsaliMga--(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 bhAga 4, adhyAya 15 evaM vAyu0 46 / 130 / ka0, 10 89) / niHkSIrA--(gayA meM krauMcapada para eka kamalakuNDa hai) nizAkara-liMga--(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI. vAyu0 108184, nAradIya0 2144 / 64, 7 / 35, ka0, pR0 65) / agni0 11618 (nishciiraa)| nizcIrA-yaha nirvIrA kA eka bhinna pATha-sA hai| niHkSIrA-saMgama-nAradIya0 2 / 47 / 35 / __matsya0 114 / 22 ('nizcalA' pATha AyA hai)| nigamodbodhaka-(prayAga se eka gabyUti pazcima) padma niSphaleza---kUrma 0 2 / 41 / 8 / 6 / 196 / 73-74; 200 / 6 (indraprastha meN)| de niSaSa-(parvata) vana0 1881112; alabarUnI (jilda (pR0 140) kA kathana hai ki yaha yamunA para 2, pR0 142) kA kathana hai ki niSadha parvata ke pAsa purAnI dillI meM nigamabAMdha ghATa hai| viSNupada eka sara hai, jahA~ se sarasvatI AtI hai|

Page #457
1450 isase prakaTa hotA hai ki niSagha himAlaya zreNI kA eka bhAga hai / vAyu0 47 / 64 / niSaSA -- (vindhya se nikalI huI eka nadI ) brahmANDa 0 2 / 16 / 3.2, vAyu0 45 / 102 / niSThAsaMgama -- ( jahA~ vasiSThAzrama thA ) padma0 1138 / 56 / niSThAvAsa -- padma0 1|38|54 / niSThIvI (himavAn se nikalI huI nadI ) brahmANDa 0 2 / 16 / 26 / nIlakaNTha-liMga- - ( vArANasI ke antargata ) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 118 ) / nIlakaNThatIrtha - - ( sAbhramatI antargata ) padma0 6 / 168 / 1 / nIlakuNDa -- ( 1 ) ( eka pitRtIrtha ) matsya0 22 / 22; (2) nIlakuNDa, vitastA evaM zUlaghAta eka hI tIrtha ke tIna nAma haiM yA kazmIra meM eka dhArA hai| nIlamata0 1500, ha0 ci0 12 / 17 / nIlanAga - ( nAgoM ke rAjA evaM kazmIra ke rakSaka ) nIlamata0 295 - 301, rAja0 1128, ha0 ci0 12/17, sTIna-smRti, pR0 182 / zAhAbAda paragane meM yaha biMga ke dakSiNa hai; yaha berInAga ke nAma se vikhyAta hai jo vitastA kA danta-kathAtmaka udgamasthala mAnA jAtA hai| Aine akabarI (jilda 2, pR0 361 ) ne ise vihata ( vitastA ) kA udgama sthala kahA hai aura usameM nimna bAta AyI hai--nIlanAga, jisakI bhUmi 40 bIghA hai, isakA jala svaccha hai aura yaha punIta sthala hai; bahuta se loga isake taTa para jAna-bUjhakara agni praveza karake prANa ga~vAte haiM / ' nIlatIrtha - - vAma0 ( tI0 ka0, pR0 238 ) / nIlaparyaMta -- (1) (haridvAra ke pAsa ) anu0 25 / 13 'gaMgAdvAre kuzAvarte bilvake nIlaparvate / tathA kanakhale snAtvA dhUtapApmA divaM brajet // ' liMga0 (tI0 ka0 pR0 254), vi0 dha0 sU0 85 / 13, matsya 0 22 / 70, bhAga0 5 / 19 / 16, kUrma 0 2 / 20 33, devIbhAga0 7 / 38 (devIsthAna, nIlAmbA ); (2) ( vaha * dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ke TolA jisa para jagannAtha kA mahAmandira sthita hai) padma0 4 / 17 / 23 etra 35, 4 / 1812, skanda 0 ( tIrthaprakAza, pR0 562 ) / nIlagaMgA --- ( godAvarI ke antargata, aura nIlaparvata se nikalane vAlI ) brahma0 8014 / nIlavana -- rAmA0 2 / 5518 (citrakUTa se eka kosa para ) / nIlAcala --- (1) (ur3IsA meM, purI kA eka choTA parvata yA TolA, jisa para jagannAtha kA mahAmandira avasthita mAnA jAtA hai) dekhie 'nIlaparvata'; (2) (gauhATI ke pAsa eka pahAr3I, jisa para satI kA mandira banA huA hai| nIlotpalA -- (RkSa parvata se nikalI huI nadI) vAyu0 45/100 / nIrajezvara --- ( narmadA ke antargata ) padma0 11186 | nUpA -- ( pAriyAtra se nikalI huI nadI ) brahmANDa0 2 / 16 / 28, mArka0 54 / 23 (yahA~ 'tUpI' pATha AyA hai) / nepAla-- ( Adhunika nepAla ) varAha0 215 / 28, vAyu 0 104 / 79, devIbhAga0 7|38|11 ( yahA~ hyakAlI eka mahAsthAna hai) samudragupta kI prayAga prazasti meM yaha nAma AyA hai (sI0 AI0 AI0 jilda 3, pR0 14 ) / naimiSa yA naimiza -- (eka vana ) ( 1 ) ( gomatI para nImasAra nAmaka janapada yA bhUmi khaNDa, jo lakhanaU se 45 mIla dUra hai ) / kAThakasaMhitA (10/6 ) meM AyA hai - 'naimiSyA vaistramAsata' ; paMcaviMzatra [hmaNa ( 25/6 | 4 ) meM 'naimizoya' evaM kauSItakI brAhmaNa ( 26/5 ) meM 'naimiSIyANAm' AyA hai, (2804 ) meM bhI aisA hI hai| mahAbhArata evaM purANoM meM isakA bahudhA ullekha huA hai| dekhie vana0 84 / 59-64 (saMsAra ke sabhI tIrtha yahA~ kendrita haiM), vana 8757 ( pUrva meM gomatI para), matsya0 109 / 3 (pRthvI para atyanta pavitra ), kUrma 0 2 / 20 34, kUrma 0 2 / 43 / 116 ( mahAdeva ko ati priya), vAyu0 218, brahmANDa 0 1 / 218, donoM ne isa prakAra isakI vyutpatti kI hai-'brahmaNo dharmacakrasya yatra nemirazIryata', 'nemi' cakra kA

Page #458
tIrthasUcI hAla (rima) hai, aura 'zR' dhAtu kA artha hai titara-bitara kara denA yA tor3a-phor3a denA; brahma0 ( 113-10 ) meM isakA sundara varNana hai; vAyu0 ( 1 / 14- 12) ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki naimiSAraNya ke muniyoM kA mahAn satra kurukSetra meM dRSadvatI ke taTa para thA / kintu vAyu 0 ( 209 ) evaM brahmANDa 0 ( 11219 ) ke anusAra yaha gomatI para thA / yaha saMbhava hai ki gomatI kevala vizeSaNa ho / yahIM para vasiSTha evaM vizvAmitra meM kalaha huA thA / yahIM para kalmASapAda rAjA ko zakti RSi ne zApa diyA thA aura yahIM para parAzara kA janma huA thA / viSNu0 ( 3 | 14|18 ) meM AyA hai ki gaMgA, yamunA, naimiza-gomatI tathA anya nadiyoM meM snAna karane evaM pitaroM ko sammAna dene se pApa kaTa jAte haiM / (2) bRhatsaMhitA ( 11 60 ) kA kathana hai ki uttarAbhAdrapadA meM duSTa ketu naimiSa ke adhipati ko naSTa kara detA hai / naimiSa-kuJja --- ( sarasvatI para ) vana0 83 / 109, padma0 1126 / 102 / nairRtezvara - ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 117) / naubandhana - - ( kazmIra ke pazcima meM parvata zikhara) nIla mata0 62-63 / naubandhanasara -- ( kazmIra evaM paMjAba kI sImA para ) nIlamata0 64-66, 165 - 166 / ( viSNupada evaM kramasAra nAma bhI hai) ha0 ci0 4|27| pa paJcakuNDa (1) ( dvArakA ke antargata ) varAha0 ( tI0ka0, pR0 226); (2) (lohArgala ke antargata ) varAha0 151043 ( jahA~ himakUTa se pA~ca dhArAe~ giratI haiM) / paJcanada - ( paMjAba kI pA~ca nadiyA~ ) vana0 82183, mausala parva 7 / 45, vAyu0 77 56, kUrma 0 2 / 44 / 1-2, liMga0 1 / 43 / 47-48 ( japyezvara ke pAsa), vAma0 34 / 26, padma0 1 / 24 / 31 / mahAbhASya ( jilda 2, 110 1451 pR0 239 pANini 4|118) ne vyutpatti kI hai'paMcanade bhavaH' aura ise 'paMcanadam' se 'pAMcanadaH ' mAnA hai| vaidika kAla meM pA~ca nadiyA~ ye thIM-- zutudrI, vipAzA, paruSNI, asiknI evaM vitastA aura Ajakala inheM krama se satalaja, vyAsa, rAvI, cinAba evaM jhelama kahA jAtA hai| ina pA~coM ke sammilana ko Aja paMjanada kahA jAtA hai, aura sammilita dhArA miThAnakoTa se kucha mIla Upara sindhu meM mila jAtI hai| bRhatsaMhitA (11 / 60 ) kA kathana hai ki yaha pazcima meM eka deza hai / vana0 (222 / 22 ) ne sindhu evaM paMcanada ko pRthak-pRthak kahA hai / aura dekhie sabhAparva ( 32 // 11) / paJcanadatIrtha -- ( gaMgA ke antargata ) brahmANDa0 4 / 13 // 57, nAradIya0 2 / 51 / 16-36 / dekhie gata adhyAya 13 / paMcanadI -- ( kolhApura ke pAsa ) padma0 6 / 176 / 43 (isake pAsa mahAlakSmI kI pratimA hai) / paJcanadIzvara - ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 96) / paJcapiNDa -- ( dvArakA ke antargata ) varAha 0 149 | 36-40 (jahA~ para acche karma karane vAle cA~dI evaM sone ke kamaloM kA darzana karate haiM, duSkarmI nahIM ) / tIrtha kalpataru ( pR0 326) meM 'paMcakuNDa' pATha AyA hai| paJcaprayAga de ( pR0 146) ne (1) devaprayAga ( bhAgIrathI evaM alakanandA kA saMgama ), (2) karNaprayAga 'alakanandA evaM pindarA kA saMgama), (3) rudraprayAga ( alakanandA evaM mandAkinI), gar3havAla jile ke zrInagara se 18 mIla, (4) nandaprayAga ( alakanandA evaM nandA ), (5) viSNuprayAga, jozImaTha ke pAsa ( alakanandA evaM viSNu gaMgA) kA ullekha kiyA hai| paJcatapa-- (eka zivatIrtha jahA~ kA piNDadAna ananta hotA hai) kUrma0 2044 / 5-6 / paJcatIrtha - - ( kAJcI meM ) brahmANDa0 4 / 40 / 59-61 / paJcatIrthakuNDa -- (madhurA ke antargata ) varAha0 164 / 37 /

Page #459
1452 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa paJcabrahma--(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, paJcArjuna kSetra--(stutasvAmI ke uttara meM) varAha pR0 65) / 148 / 45 / paJcavaTa-- (kurukSetra ke antargata) vAma0 41 / 11, paNDAraka-bana-(zrAddha ke lie uttama) vAyu0 77 / 37 / padma0 1127150 (sambhavataH yaha paMcavaTI hai, vana0 patatritIrtha-(godAvarI ke antargata) brahma0 166 / 1 / 83 / 162) / pathIzvara--(bharatagiri evaM vitastA ke Age kazmIra meM) paJcavaTI--(1) (uttara meM) vana0 83 / 162; (2) nIlamata0 1245 (mandira), 1398 / (godAvarI para) rAmA0 3 / 13 / 13 (ise 'deza' kahA patrezvara--(narmadA ke uttarI taTa para) padya0 1 / 17 / 1 / gayA hai), 3 / 13 / 9 (agastyAzrama se do yojana padmAvatI-zalyaH 46 / 9 (mAtRkAoM meM eka); yaha naradUra), nAradIya0 2175 / 30, agni0 7 / 3 / dekhie vara nagara hai| dekhie aiM0 ji0 (pR0 250) evaM khajugata adhyAya 15 / rAho lekha (saMvat 1058, 1001-2 I0), jisameM paJcayakSA-(sthAna anizcita) vana0 84 / 10 / sthAna kA varNana hai, yahA~ bhavabhUti ke 'mAlatImAdhava' paJcavana--(gayAM ke antargata) vAyu0 77 / 99 / nATaka kA dRzya hai (epi0 iNDi0, jilda 1, pR0 paMkajavana--(gayA ke antargata) nAradIya0 2 / 44 / 58, 147 evaM 151) / yahA~ niSadha ke rAjA nala kA vAyu0 112 / 43 (isa vana meM pANDuzilA thii)| ghara thaa| paJcAyatana--(narmadA para pA~ca tIrtha) matsya0 191 / pampA--(1) (tuMgabhadrA kI eka sahAyaka nadI) bhAga0 61-62 / 10179 / 12, vAma 0 90 / 16; (2) (japA yA jayA) paJcasara--(1) (lohArgala ke antargata eka kuNDa) padma0 1 / 26 / 20-21 (kurukSetra kA dvAra kahA gayA varAha0 151 // 34; (2) dvArakA ke antargata eka hai)| kuNDa) varAha0 149 / 23 / pampAsara--(belArI jile meM RSyamUka ke pAsa) vana0 paJcazikhA--(badarI ke antargata) varAha0 141 / 279 / 44,28011, rAmA0 3172 / 12, 73 / 11 evaM 14-16 / 32, 6 / 12635, vana0 280 / 1, bhaag07|14|31, paJcazikhazvara--(vArA0 ke antargata) liga0 (tI0 1079 / 12 (saptagodAvarI veNAM pampAM bhImarathIM ka0, pR067)| ttH)| paJcazira--(badarI ke antargata) vraah0141|39-44| pampAtIrtha--matsya 22150, bhaag07|14|31| paJcAzvamedhika-vAyu0 77 / 45, brahmANDa0 3 / 13 / 45 / palAzaka--(jahA~ para jamadagni ne yajJa kyiA thA) paJcApsarastIrtha--(dakSiNI samudra para) bhAga0 10 // 79 // vana0 90 / 16 (palAzakeSu puNyeSu) / 18 (zrIdhara svAmI ne, jo bhAgavata ke TIkAkAra palAzinI--(nadI) (1) (kAThiyAvAr3a meM giranAra haiM, likhA hai ki yaha torya phAlguna meM hai jo madrAsa rAjya ke pAsa) dekhie raivataka ke antargata evaM rudradAmana meM anantapura hai)| Adi0 (216 / 1-4) ne inake kA jUnAgar3ha zilAlekha (epi0 iNDi0, jilda 8, agastyatIrtha, saubhadra, pauloma, kArandhama evaM bhAradvAja pR0 36 evaM 43) evaM skandagupta kA zilAlekha nAma batalAye haiN| inako sabhI ne tyAga diyA thA, (457 I0, sI0 AI0 AI0, 3, pR064)| (2) kintu arjuna inameM kUda par3e aura apsarAoM kA, jo (padaira nAmaka nadI, jo gaMjAma jile ke kaliMgapattana zApavaza kuNDa ho gayI thIM, uddhAra kiyaa| skanda0 ke pAsa samudra meM giratI hai) mArka0 54 / 30 (zukti(mAhezvarakhaNDa, kaumArikA prakaraNa, adhyAya 1) mAn se nikalI huI), vaayu045|107|| ke mata se yaha paMcApsaraH samuddharaNa' (arjuna dvArA) hai| parihAsapura--(kazmIra meM Adhunika paraspora) lalitA

Page #460
tIryasUcI 1453 ditya ne ise nirmita kraayaa| rAja0 (4 / 194-195) 7-9 (yaha gaMgA sahita sabhI nadiyoM se uttama hai aura ne viSNu kI cA~dI evaM sone kI pratimAoM kA ullekha rAjA nRga kI nadI hai), 121316, viSNu0 2 / 3 / 11 / kiyA hai| adhikAMza purANoM meM 'tApI' evaM payoSNI' alaga-alaga parjanyezvara-(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ullikhita haiM, yathA--viSNu 0 2 / 3 / 11, matsya0 ___ ka0, pR0 115) / 114 / 27, brahma0 27133, vAyu0 45 / 102, vAma0 parNAzA-(yA varNAzA) (1) (rAjasthAna meM banAsa 13 / 28, nAradIya0 2 / 60 / 29, bhAga0 10179 / 20, nadI, jo udayapura rAjya se nikalakara cambala meM milatI pdm04|14|12 evaM 4 / 16 / 3 (yahA~ muni cyavana hai) sbhaa065|6| parNAzA kA artha hai 'parNa arthAta kA Azrama thaa)| dekhie 'mUlatApI' / vana0 (121 // pattoM kI AzA', vAyu0 45 / 97, varAha0 214 / 48, 16) meM AyA hai ki payoSNI ke uparAnta pANDava matsya0 114123, sabhA0 9 / 21; (2) pazcimI loga vaidUrya parvata evaM narmadA phNce| haNTara ne (impI0 bhArata kI eka nadI, jo kaccha ke rana meM jAtI hai| gaje0 iNDi0, jilda 20, pR0 412) kahA hai ki prathama nAma uSavadAta ke nAsika zilAlekha (saM0 payoSNI barAra kI pUrNA nadI hai jo gavilagar3ha kI 10) meM ullikhita hai| saMkhyA 14 meM 'banAsA' pahAr3iyoM se nikalakara tApI meM milatI hai| nalazabda AyA hai| dekhie ina ullekhoM ke lie bambaI campU (6 / 29) meM AyA hai--'parvatabhedi pavitraM... gaje0, jilda 16, 10577, jilda 7,pR0 57 tathA harimiva... vahati payaH pazyata pyossnnii|' jilda 5, pR0283| payoSNI-saMgama--(yahA~ zrAddha ananta phala detA hai) pakSNI -(1) (paMjAba kI Adhunika rAvI) R0 matsya0 22 / 23 / 5 / 52 / 9, 7 / 888-9 (sudAsa apane zatru kutsa payasvinI--(nadI) bhAga0 7 / 19 / 18, 11 / 5 / 39 evaM usake mitroM se isI nadI para milA thA), (jo loga isa para evaM anya dakSiNI nadiyoM para rahate 874 / 15, 1075 / 5 / nirukta (9 / 26) kA haiM ve vAsudeva ke bar3e bhakta hote haiN)| kayana hai ki irAvatI kA nAma paruSNI hai| (2) pavanastha-hada--vana0 83 / 105 / (godAvarI kI sahAyaka nadI) brahma0 144 / 1 evaM pANDavezvaraka-(narmadA ke antargata) padma0 1118158, 23 / matsya0 191,61 paraNI-saMgama--(godAvarI ke antargata) brahma0 1441 pANDakUpa--brahmANDa0 3 / 13 / 37 (samudra ke pAsa), zrAddha ke lie upayukta / parvatAsya-- (vArANasI ke antargata) kUrma. 135 / 8, pANDapura-dekhie paunnddriikpur| pama0 1137 / 8 / pANDara--vAyu0 45 / 91 (eka choTA prvt)| pazupatIzvara-- (vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI. pANDisahya-(viSNu ke. guhya kSetroM meM eka) nRsiMha0 ka0, pR0 93) / 65 / 9 (tI0 ka0, pR0 251) / payodA-(nadI) brahmANDa0 2118170, vAyu0 47167 pANDuvizAlAtIrtha--(gayA ke antargata) vaayu077|99, (payoda sara se nikalI huii)| 112 / 44-48 (yahA~ 'pANDuzilA' pATha AyA hai); payoSNI--(RkSa yA vindhya se 'nikalI huI nadI) tI0 ka0 (pR0 168) ne vAyu ko uddhRta karate hue vilasana (viSNupurANa ke anuvAda meM, jilda 2, pR0 . ise 'pANDuvizalyA' par3hA hai| 147) ne kahA hai ki yaha paina-gaMgA hai, jo vidarbha pANilyAta--padma0 1 / 26 / 84, vana0 83 / 89 (pANimeM varadA yA vardhA se milatI hai| vn085|40,8814, khaat)|

Page #461
1454 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa pATalA--(pitaroM ke lie ati pavitra) matsya 022 / 23 / yanadharmasUtra (1 / 1 / 27) meM ise AryAvarta kI dakSiNI pAtandhama- (parvata) vAyu0 45 / 91 / sImA kahA gayA hai| pApamokSa-- (gayA ke antargata) agni0 11618, pArvatikA--(isa nadI para zrAddha atyanta phaladAyaka hotA nAradIya0 2 / 47179 / hai) matsya0 22156 / yaha vindhya se nikala kara pApapramocana--(kokAmukha ke antargata) varAha0 / cambala meM milatI hai| 140151-54 / pAvanI--(nadI) (kurukSetra meM ghaggara, ambAlA janapada pApapraNAzana--(1) (yamunA para) padma0 1131 / 15; yA jilA) rAmA0 1143 / 13 / dekhie de (pR. (2) (godAvarI ke antargata) brahma0 92 / 1 evaM 155) / 48-49 / ise 'dhautapApa' evaM 'gAlava' bhI kahA gyaa| pAlamaJjara-(sUraka ke pAsa) brahmANDa0 3 / 1337 // pAlapaJjara--(parvata) vAyu0 77 / 37 (zrAddhatIrtha), pApasavanatIrtha---(kazmIra meM eka dhArA) rAja0 1132, brahmANDa0 3 / 13 / 37 ('pAlamaMjara' pATha AyA hai)| ha. ci014|36 / kapaTezvara, saMkarSaNa nAga evaM pApa- pAlezvara--(sAbhramatI ke antargata) padya0 6 / 124 / 2 sUdana eka hI haiN| isa pavitra dhArA para ziva kI pUjA (jahA~ caNDI kI pratimA hai)| kapaTezvara ke rUpa meM hotI hai| pAzinI--(zaktimAna se nikalI haI nadI) matsya0 pArA--(1) (vizvAmitra ne yaha nAma kauzikI ko 114132 / diyA) Adi0 71 / 30-32; (2) (pAriyana pAzupatatIrtha--matsya0 22 / 56 (yahA~ zrAddha bar3A phalase nikala kara mAlavA meM sindhu se milane vAlI nadI) dAyaka hai)| vaayu045|98, mtsy013|44 evaM 114 / 24, mArka0 pAzupatezvara--(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 1 // 54 / 20 / matsya0 (13 / 44) meM pArA ke taTa para 921135 / devI ko pArA kahA gayA hai| dekhie mAlatImAdhava pAzA--(pAriyAtra se nikalI huI nadI) brahmANDa 0 (aMka 4 evaM 9) evaM bRhatsaMhitA (14 / 10) / 2 / 16 / 28 / kyA yaha 'pArA' kA pAThAntara hai ? pArAzaryezvaraliMga--(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 pASANatIrtha-(nadI) devala0 (tI0ka0,pR0 249) / (tI0 ka0, pR0 59) / piNDAraka--(kAThiyAvAr3a ke sambhAliyA vibhAga meM) pAriplava--(sarasvatI ke antargata) vana0 83 / 12, vana0 82 / 65-67 (jahA~ kamala-cihnita mudrAe~ pAyI padma0 1026 / 10, vAma0 34.17 / gayo haiM), 88 / 21, mtsy013|48, 22 / 69, anu0 pAriyAtra--(yA pAripAtra) (sAta mukhya parvata-zreNiyoM meM 25 / 57, viSNu0 5 / 37 / 6, bhAga0 11 / 1 / 11 (kRSNa eka) ise vindhya kA pazcimI bhAga samajhanA cAhie, ke putra sAmba ne yahA~ garbhavatI strI ke rUpa meM vastra dhAraNa kyoMki cambala, betavA evaM siprA nadiyA~ isase nirgata kiyA thA aura muniyoM ne use zApa diyA thA), varAha. kahI gayI haiN| dekhie kUrma0 1147 / 24, bhAga0 144 / 10 (viSNusthAna), padma0 1 / 24 / 14-15 / de 5 / 19 / 16, vAyu0 45 / 88 evaM 98, brahma0 27 / 29 / (pR0 157) kA kathana hai ki yaha Adhunika dvArakA se yaha gotamIputra zAtakaNi ke nAsika zilAlekha (saM0 16 mIla pUrva hai| dekhie bambaI gaje0 (jilda 8, 2) meM ullikhita hai (bambaI gaje0, jilda 16, pR0 kAThiyAvAr3a, pR0 613), jahA~ piNDAraka se sambandhita 550) / nAsika zilAlekha (saMkhyA 10) meM ise dantakathA dI huI hai| 'pAricAta'kahA gayA hai (vahI, 569) / mahAbhASya piMgAyA Azrama-anu0 25 / 55 / (jilda 1, pR0 475, pANini 2 / 4 / 10) evaM baudhA- piMgAtIrtha-vana0 82 / 57 (piMgatIrtha), padma0 1024 / 6 /

Page #462
tIrthasUcI piMgalezvara - ( narmadA ke antargata) matsya 0 191132, kUrma 0 2041 21, padma0 1 / 18 / 32 / pippalA - (RkSavAn se nikalI huI nadI) brahmANDa 0 2 / 16 / 30 / pippalAda sI - - ( dugdhezvara ke pAsa sAbhramatI para ) padma0 6 / 150 1 / pippalatIrtha - ( cakratIrtha ke pAsa godAvarI para) brahma 0 110 / 1 evaM 226 (yahA~ 'pippalezvara' AyA hai ) / pippaleza - ( narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 114 / 25 / sambhavataH yaha pippalA hI hai / pitAmahasara --- ( yaha puSkara hI hai) (1) vana0 89 | 16; (2) zalya0 42 / 30 ( sarasvatI kA udgama sthala ),, vana0 84 / 149 / puru--- (parvata) vana0 90 / 22 (jahA~ purUravA gayA thA) / purUravastIrtha - - ( godAvarI ke antargata) brahma0 101 / 1 evaM 19-20 ( ise sarasvatI-saMgama evaM brahmatIrtha bhI kahate haiM) / pitAmahatI -- ( narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 194/4, puruSottama -- ( ur3IsA meM jagannAtha yA purI ) brahma0 ( adhyAya 42, 48, 68, 177 evaM 178); matsya 0 13 / 35, kUrma 0 2 / 35 / 27, nAradIya0 2 ( adhyAya 52-61, jahA~ mAhAtmya varNita | dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 4, adhyAya 15 / pulastya - pulahAzrama - ( gaNDakI ke udgama sthala para ) varAha0 144 / 113, bhAga0 5 / 8 / 30 ( zAlagrAma ke pAsa) / padma0 1 / 21 / 4 / pizAcezvara - ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga 0 ( tI0 ka0, pR0 114) / pizAcamocana kuNDa -- ( vArANasI ke antargata) kUrma 0 1 / 33 / 2 evaM 13-14, padma0 1 / 35 / 2 / pizAcamocana tIrtha -- ( prayAga meM) padma0 6 / 250/62 63 / pizAcikA - (RkSavAn se nikalI huI nadI ) brahmANDa0 2 / 13 / 30 / pITha - brahmANDa 0 ( 4144/93 100 ) meM 50 pIThoM kA varNana hai, yathA --- nepAla, ekavIrA, ekAmra Adi / puNDarIka - (1) (kubjAmraka ke antargata ) varAha0 126 / 57, padma0 1 / 26 / 78; (2) (kurukSetra ke pAsa) vAma 0 8117-8 / puNDarIkA - ( payoda nAmaka sara se nikalI huI nadI) brahmANDa0 2 / 18 / 69-70 / puNDarIkakSetra - (Adhunika paNDharapura ) tIrthasAra ( pR0 7-21) / puNDarIkamahAtIrtha - (yahA~ zrAddha atyanta puNyadAyaka hotA hai) brahmANDa 0 3 / 13 / 56, vAyu0 77 / 55 / puNDarIkapura-- matsya 0 22 / 77, nAradIya 0 2073 / 45 / 1455 puSpasthala - - ( mathurA ke pA~ca sthaloM meM eka) varAha0 160 / 21 / punaH punA --- ( gayA ke antargata eka nadI, Adhunika punapunA ) vAyu0 108 73, nAradIya0 2/47/75 // punarAvartanandA -- (nadI) anu0 25|45 / putratIyaM - ( godAvarI ke antargata ) brahma evaM 937 / purANezvara-- ( vArANasI ke antargata ) skanda 0 4 |33| 132 / 124 / 1 pulahAzrama -- bhAga 0 7 14/30, 10179/10 ( gomatI evaM gaNDakI ke pAsa ise zAlagrAma bhI kahA jAtA hai) / pulastyezvara - ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 116) / puSkara - (1) ajamera se 6 mIla dUra eka nagara, jhIla evaM tIrthayAtrA kA sthala ) bahuta kama pAye jAne vAle brahmA ke mandiroM meM eka mandira yahA~ para hai / jyeSTha, madhyama evaM kaniSTha nAmaka tIna kuNDa yahA~ haiM ( nAradIya0 2071 / 12, padma0 5 / 28 / 53) / uSavadAta ke nAsika zilAlekha ( saMkhyA 10) meM ina kuNDoM para usake dvArA diye gaye dAnoM kA ullekha hai (bambaI gaje 0, jilda 16, pRSTha 570 ) / vAyu0 77140, kUrma 0 2|20134 | vi0 60 sU0 (8511-3) meM

Page #463
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa AyA hai ki puSkara meM zrAddha karane se ananta phala prApta 190116, kUrma0 2 / 41 / 10-11, pama0 1317412; hotA hai| yaha brahmA kI pA~ca vediyoM meM eka hai (padma0 (2) (gayA ke antargata) agni0 116 / 13 / 5 / 15 / 150, vAma0 22 / 19) / brahmANDa0 (3134 / puSpabhadrA-(1) (himAlaya ke uttarI DhAla para eka nadI) 11) evaM vAma0 (65 / 31) ne madhyama puSkara kA vraah051|2, 98 / 5. bhaag012|8|17, 12 / 9 / 10, ullekha kiyA hai evaM brahmANDa0 (3 / 35 / 30) ne nRsiMha0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 253); (2) (nadI) kaniSTha puSkara ko madhyama puSkara se eka kosa bhAga0 12 / 9 / 10 / / pazcima kahA hai| aisA kahA gayA hai ki punIta puSpagiri--(bhAratavarSa ke choTe parvatoM meM eka) vAyu0 sarasvatI yahIM se samudra kI ora gayI hai (pagra0 45 / 92, brahmANDa0 2 / 16 / 22 / dekhie impI0 5 / 19 / 37) / para0 (5 / 15 / 63 evaM 82) ne gaje0 iNDi0 (jilda 23, pR0 114-115) / 'puSkara' nAma kI vyAkhyA kI hai (brahmA ne yahAM puSpajA-(malaya se nikalI huI nadI) matsya. puSkara arthAt kamala girAyA thaa)| brahmANDa0 114130, vAyu0 45 / 105 (yahA~ 'puSpajAti' paatthaa(3|34|7) meM AyA hai ki parazurAma ne yahAM ntara AyA hai)| apane ziSya akRtavraNa ke sAtha sau varSoM taka tapasyA puSpadantezvara-(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI. kii| kalpataru (tIrtha, pR0 182-185) ne vana0 ka0, pR0 117) / (adhyAya 82) evaM padma0 (5 / 27) se krama se 20- puSpasthala-(mathurA ke antargata) varAha0 157 / 17 39 zloka evaM 12 zloka uddhRta kiye haiN| alabarUnI (eka shivkssetr)|| (jilda 2, pR0 147) kA kathana hai ki 'nagara ke puSpavahA-- (nadI) bhAga0 12 / 9 / 30 (himAlaya ke bAhara tIna kuNDa bane e haiM, jo pavitra evaM pUjAha pAsa) / haiN|' pramukha mandira pA~ca haiM, kintu ye sabhI Adhunika puSpavatI-(nadI) vana0 85 / 12, padma0 1 // 39 / 12 / haiM, prAcIna mandira auraMgajeba dvArA naSTa kara diye pUrNA-(1) (vidarbha kI eka nadI) yaha tApI se gaye the| isake antargata kaI upatIrtha haiM (vana0, mila jAtI hai; dekhie Aine-akabarI (jilda 2, adhyAya 82) / puSkara zabda varNAdigaNa (pANini pR0 224); isa saMgama para caMgadeva nAmaka grAma 4 / 2 / 82) meM AyA hai| (2) (puSkara, sarasvatI hai aura cakratIrtha nAmaka eka tIrtha hai; (2) sUrata ke taTa para, ise suprabha nAmaka parvata kahA jAtA hai) jile meM yaha samudra meM giratI hai (bambaI gaje0, jilda Adi0 221115, zalya0 3813-15; (3) ha. 2, pR026); (3) (pUrNA, jo parbhaNI jile meM ci0 141111 (kazmIra meM, kapaTezvara meM kaI tIrthoM godAvarI meM milatI hai) dekhie impI0 gaje. iNDi. kI zreNI meM eka); (4) (badarikAzrama kI pA~ca (jilda 12, pR0 297) / kyA yaha brahmapurANa dhArAoM meM eka nAradIya0 216457-58 / (105 / 22) meM ullikhita pUrNAtIrtha hai ? puSkarAraNya-padma0 5 / 18217, sabhA0 32.8 (yahAM pUrNatIrtha--(godAvarI ke uttarI taTa para) brahma se prAcI sarasvatI bahatI thI! bahatsaMhitA 122 / 1 / pUrNamukha--(kubjAmraka ke antargata) varAha0 126|40pusskraavtii--yh nadI sambhavata' pANini (4 / 2 / 85) 41 / ko hAta thii| kAtrikA TIkA Adi ne isakA ullekha pUrvAmukha-(pUrNamukha kA eka anya pAThAntara) varAha0 1264 / puSkariNI---(1) (narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 pRthivItIrtha-padma0 1 / 26 / 11 (pAriplava ke pAsa) /

Page #464
tIrthasUcI pRthutuMga - nAradIya0 2 160/25 / pRthUvaka (sarasvatI ke dakSiNa taTa para sthita Adhunika pehovA) dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 4, adhyAya 15 / ise vAma 0 ( 19 / 16-17 evaM 23 ) meM brahmayoni kahA gayA hai| dekhie ai0 ji0 ( pR0 336-337 ) / paitAmahatIyaM - ( narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 194 | 4-5, kUrma 0 2 / 42 / 18 / pazAcatIrtha -- ( godAvarI ke dakSiNa taTa para ) brahma0 84 / 1-2 evaM 18 (ise AMjana bhI kahate haiM) 1 brahma0 ( 15011 ) ne ise godAvarI ke uttarI taTa para kahA hai / sambhavataH ye donoM bhinna sthala haiN| pauNDarIka -- ( eka viSNutIrtha, lagatA hai yaha paMDharapura hai) padma0 6 / 280 / 18-19 ( kRtazauce haretpApaM pauNDarIke ca daNDake / mAthure veMkaTAdrI ca ) / pauNDra - ( devadAruvane pauNDram) padma0 6 / 129 / 27 / pauSpravardhana - vAyu0 104 / 79 ( pavitra pITha, brahmANDa 0 4144193) / paulasspatIrtha -- ( godAvarI ke antargata ) brahma 09711 / pauloma -- (dekhie 'paMcApsarastIrtha' ) Adi 0 216 / 3 / pauSka-- ( kazmIra-maNDala meM ) padma0 6 / 129 / 27 / prajApatikSetra -- matsya0 104/5 ( yahA~ sImA batAyI gayI hai) yaha prayAga hai; dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 4, adhyAya 12 / prajAmukha -- ( yahA~ vAsudeva ke rUpa meM viSNu kI pUjA hotI hai ) vAma0 90 / 28 | praNItA -- ( godAvarI meM milane vAlI nadI ) brahma0 161 / 1, padma0 6 181 / 5 ( godAvarI ke taTa para kara nAmaka nagara thaa)| yaha praNahitA hai / pradyumnatI - nAradIya0 2 / 40 / 96 / de ( pR0158) kA kathana hai ki yaha baMgAla ke hugalI jile kA paNDuA hai| pradyumnagiri - ( yA pITha ) ( yaha zrInagara meM hariparvata hai ) rAja0 3 / 460, 7 / 1616, vikramAMkadevacarita 1815, sTIna-smRti, pR0 148 evaM kazmIra riporTa pR0 17 / 1457 pratiSThAna - (1) (prayAga ke pAsa ) vana0 85/76, 1141, vAyu0 91 / 18 (purUravA kI rAjadhAnI), 91150 ( yamunA ke uttarI taTa para ), matsya0 12 18, 106 / 30 (gaMgA ke pUrvI taTa para ), mArka0 108 / 18 ( vasiSTha kI prArthanA para aila purUravA ko pradatta), viSNu 0 4 / 1 / 16, brahma0 227 / 151, bhAga0 9 / 1 / 42; (2) ( godAvarI ke bAyeM taTa para Adhunika paiThana) brahma0 112123, varAha0 165 / 1, padma0 6 / 172 / 20, 6 / 176 / 2 evaM 6 ( jahA~ para mahArASTra kI nAriyoM kI krIr3A kA ullekha hai ) / pItalakhorI bauddha stambhAbhilekha meM patiThAna ke mitadeva nAmaka gandhI ke kula dvArA sthApita stambha kA ullekha hai ( dekhie e0 esa0 DablU0 AI0 4 / 83) / dekhie aiM0 ji0 ( pR0 553-554), jahA~ hvenasAMga ke samaya meM mahArASTra kI rAjadhAnI pratiSThAna kA ullekha hai / TaoNlemI ne ise 'baiThana' evaM periplasa ne 'pliyAna' kahA hai / azoka ke zahabAjagar3hI evaM anya sthAna vAle 13veM anuzAsana meM 'bhoja pitinikezu' kA prayoga milatA hai, jisameM antima zabda 'pratiSThAnaka' kA dyotaka hai (sI0 AI0 AI0, jilda 1, pR0 67) / pratIcI -- (eka bar3I nadI ) bhAga0 11/5/40 ( yahAM para nivAsa karane vAle vAsudeva ke bhakta hote haiM) / prabhAsa -- (1) (saurASTra meM, samudra ke pAsa, jahA~ 12 liGgoM meM eka somanAtha kA prasiddha mandira thA, jise mahamUda gajanavI ne tor3a DAlA thA ) ise somanAthapaTTana bhI kahA jAtA hai, skanda0 7|1|2/4453 ( isa nAma ke kaI mUloM kA ullekha hai ) / vana0 82158, 13017, vana0 88 / 20, 118 / 15, 119 / 3, Adi0 2182-8, zalya0 35 / 42 ( yahA~ para candra kA kSayaroga acchA ho gayA thA), kUrma 0 2 / 35 / 15-17, nAradIya0 2 / 7011 - 95 ( mAhAtmya), garur3a 1 / 4 / 81, vAma0 84 / 29 ( yahA~ sarasvatI samudra * meM giratI hai) / uSavadAta ke nAsika zilAlekha meM isa tIrtha kA nAma AyA hai (bambaI gaje 0, jilda 16,

Page #465
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa 1458 " pR0669 evaM sAraMgadeva kI citra-prazasti, san 1287 I0) / prabhAsa ko devapattana kahA gayA hai aura yaha sarasvatI evaM samudra ke saMgama para avasthita hai ( epi0 suso, jilda 1, pR0 271 evaM 283 evaM zrIghara kI prazasti, san 1216 I0) / ( 2 ) ( sarasvatI para ) zalya 0 35178, skanda 0 7 / 1 / 11-14; ( 3 ) ( gayA ke pAsa eka pahAr3I) vAyu0 108 16, 109 / 14, agni0 116 / 15 ( 4 ) ( vArA0 ke antargata ) kUrma 0 1 / 35 / 16, padma0 1 37 15; (5) (dvArakA ke antargata ) mausalaparva 89, varAha0 149 / 29-33 ( sarasvatI evaM prabhAsa kA mAhAtmya ), bhAga0 11 / 30 6 ( yahA~ pratyak-sarasvatI hai, arthAt sarasvatI pazcimavAhinI hai, kintu kurukSetra meM prAcI sarasvatI hai) / uSavadAta ke zilAlekha meM AyA hai ki rAjakumAra ne prabhAsa meM ( prabhAse puNyatIrthe ) vivAhavyaya kiyA aura ATha brAhmaNoM ke lie dulahaneM prApta kiiN| yahIM para bhagavAn kRSNa ne apanA martyazarIra chodd'aa| somanAtha ke Arambha, anuzrutiyoM evaM punItatA tathA mahamUda gajanavI ke AkramaNa kI tithi ke lie dekhie DA0 em0 nAz2ima kRta 'di lAifa eNDa TAimsa Ava sultAna mahamUda Ava gajanI' ( pR0 209 - 214 ) ; somanAtha ke pratyAkramaNa Adi ke lie dekhie vahI ( pR0 219-224, 117 Adi ) ; 50000 brAhmaNoM ne mandira ke rakSArtha apane prANa ga~vAye, kulhAr3iyoM evaM agni se mUrti tor3I gayI, 20 karoDa dInAra (10, 500,000 pauNDa, Adhunika mUlya ) lUTa meM sulatAna ko mile| ( 6 ) ( kazmIra meM ) ha0 ci0 14 / 111 (7) (badarikAzrama kI pA~ca dhArAoM meM eka ) nAradIya0 2 / 67/57-581 prayAga-1- (1) (Adhunika ilAhAbAda ) dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 4, adhyAya 12 evaM aiM 0 ji0 ( pR0 388-391 ) jahA~ hvenasAMga kA uddharaNa hai; (2) ( sindhu evaM vitastA arthAt jhelama kA saMgama ) nIlamata0 394-395 ( yahA~ siMdhu ko gaMgA evaM vitastA ko yamunA samajhA jAtA hai ) / prayAgezvara - ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0. pR0 45) / pravarA - ( godAvarI meM milane vAlI nadI ) brahma0106 / 46-54 ( jisa para Adhunika nagara nevAse yA nevAsa, jo nivAsapura kA dyotaka hai, sthita hai) / yaha ahamada - nagara meM TokA ke pAsa godAvarI meM milatI hai ( dekhie bambaI gaje 0, jilda 17, pR0 6 ) / pravarapura - ( dekhie zrInagara ke antargata ) 3 / 336-349 / rAja0 pravarA-saMgama -- ( godAvarI ke sAtha) brahma0 10611, dekhie bambaI gaje0 (jilda 16, pR0 740) jahA~ TokA evaM pravarAsaMgama kA ullekha hai, jahA~, godAvarI ke saMgama para pravarA ke bAyeM evaM dAhine taToM para, do pavitra nagara haiM / yaha saMgama nevAsa ke uttara-pUrva 7 mIla kI dUrI para hai| prazravaNagiri - ( 1 ) ( janasthAna meM ) rAmA0 3 / 49 / 31 ( 2 ) ( tuMgabhadrA para ) rAmA0 4 / 27/1-4 ( jisakI eka guphA meM rAma ne kucha mAsa bitAye the) / prahasitezvara - ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 89 ) / prahlAdezvara -- ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 48) / prAjApatya - ( vArANasI ke antargata) kUrma0 1 / 35/4, padma0 1|37|4 | prAntakapAnIya- ( paMcanada ke pAsa ) varAha0 143 / 17 / prAcI- sarasvatI -- ( yaha sarasvatI hI hai ) (1) bhAga0 6|8|40, vAma0 42120-23; (2) ( gayA ke antargata ) vAyu0 112 / 23 / priyamelaka - ( zrAddha ke lie ati mahattvapUrNa) matsya 0 -22 / 53 / priyavratezvara-liMga- ( vArANasI ke antargata ) skanda 0 4 / 33 / 159 / prItikezvara - ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 111) /

Page #466
tIrthasUcI 1459 pretakuNDa-- (gayA ke antargata) vAyu0 108068- kathana hai ki yaha gaMgA se uttama hai, kyoMki gaMgA kevala 69, agni0 116 / 15 / yaha pretazilA ke caraNa viSNu ke pada se nikalI hai aura yaha svayaM AdimeM brahmayoni ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| gadAdhara rUpa hai| dekhie isa grantha kA khaNDa 4, pretakUTa--- (gayA ke antargata eka pahAr3I) vAyu0 adhyAya 14 / 109 / 15 / phAlguna--bhAga0 7 / 14 / 31, 1079 / 18 (zrIdhara pretaparvata--(gayA ke antargata) vAyu0 83 / 20 / kA kathana hai ki yaha anantapura hai)| pretazilA- (gayA ke antargata) vAyu0 110 / 15, phAlgunaka--(mathurA ke dakSiNa) varAha0 157 / 32 / 108 / 15 / yaha 580 phuTa U~cI hai aura gayA se phAlgunezvara---(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 uttara-pazcima 5 mIla dUra hai| dekhie gayA gaje- ka0, pR0 105) / Tiyara (prAcIna saMskaraNa, pR0 235) / phenA--(godAvarI meM milane vAlI nadI) brahma0 plamatIrSa-(eka pavitra tAlAba, sambhavataH kurukSetra meM, 129 / 7 / jahA~ purUravA ne urvazI ko prApta kiyA) vAyu0 phenA-saMgama-- (godAvarI ke sAtha) brahma0 129 / 1 91 // 32 // evaM 7-8 / plakSapralavaNa-(yA prazra) (yahA~ se sarasvatI nikalI hai) zalya0 54 / 11, kUrma0 2 / 37 / 29, brahmANDa0 3 / 13 / 69, vAyu0 7767 (zrAddha ke lie ati bakulavana--(yA bahulAo) (mathurA ke antargata 12 uttm)| vanoM meM pA~cavA~ vana) varAha0 153 / 36 / plakSAvatAra-vana0 90 // 4, yahA~ para yAjJikoM bakulAsaMgama-(sAbhramatI ke antargata) padma0 6 / (yajJa karane vAloM) ne sArasvata-satra sampAdita 133 / 27 / kiye; vana0 129 / 13-14 (yamunAtIrtha, jahA~ bagalA--(eka devI kA sthAna) dekhie 'vaidyanAtha' ke sArasvata yajJa karane vAle 'avabhRtha' nAmaka antima antrgt| snAna ke lie Aye), kUrma0 2 / 3718 (viSNutIrtha), baJjalA-(sambhavataH vAjulA) (nadI) brahmANDa mArka0 21129-30 (himavAn meN)| 2 / 16 / 31 (RkSa se nirgata), brahmANDa0 2 / 16 / 34 plakSA-(nadI) vAma0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 239) / (sahya se, brahma0), brahmANDa0 2 / 16 / 37 (mahendra se, yahA~ se yAtrI pahale. kuNDima jAtA hai, taba shuurik| brahma) / / badarikA-(1) vAma0 2 / 42-43; (2) (mahendra parvata ke nikaTa) padma0 1139 / 13, vana085113; phalakIvana-(kurukSetra ke antargata, saMbhavataH Adhunika (3) (dakSiNI gujarAta meM kahIM) dekhie epi0 'pharala', jo thAnesara ke dakSiNa-pUrva 17 mIla para hai) iNDi0, jilda 25, dantidurga ke elorA dAnapatra meM vana0 83386 / (pR0 25 evaM 29) / phalgu--(jo gayA ke kinAre bahatI huI anta meM punapunA badarikAzrama--(1) (u0 pra0 ke gar3havAla saMbhAga meM badrI ko eka zAkhA meM mila jAtI hai) agni0 115 / 27, nAtha) varAha0141 (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 215-216); vyutpatti-'phala' evaM 'go' (yasmin phalati zrI! parAzarasmRti (115) kA kathana hai ki vyAsa ke pitA kAmadhenurjalaM mhii| dRSTiramyAdikaM yasmAt phalgu- . parAzara isa Azrama meM rahate the; matsya0 (201|tiirthN na phalguvat // ) / vAyu0 (111 / 16) kA 24) meM AyA hai ki mitra evaM varuNa ne yahA~ para tapa

Page #467
460 kiyA thA, viSNu0 5 / 37 / 34 ( yaha Azrama gandhamAdana para thA jahA~ nara-nArAyaNa rahate haiM), brahmANDa 0 3 / 25-67, nAradIya0 2167 ( vistAra ke sAtha varNana kiyA hai aura upatIrthoM kI sUcI bhI dI hai); vahI 2267/26 ( yaha vizAlA nadI para thA ), bhAgavata0 7 / 11 / 6; (2) (yamunA para madhuvana se thor3I dUra para sthita ) padma0 6 / 212 / 1 evaM 43 / dharmazAstra kA itihAsa badarI --- (gandhamAdana para eka tIrtha jahA~ nara aura nArAyaNa kA Azrama hai) vana0 90 / 25 32, 141123, 177 / 8, zAnti 0 127 / 2-3, bhAgavata0 913 / 36 evaM 11 / 29 / 41 ( nArAyaNAzrama ), matsya 0 22 / 73 (zrAddha ke lie ati upayukta), padma06|rA1-7 ( dakSiNAyana meM yahA~ pUjA nahIM hotI kyoMki usa samaya parvata himAcchAdita rahatA hai), vizAlA bhI nAma hai| dekhie i0 jA0 Ava iNDiyA, jilda 6, pR0 179-180) / badrInAtha kA mandira alakanandA ke dAhine taTa para hai| badarIvana-padma0 1 / 27 / 66 / bavarIpAcana tIrtha - vana0 83 / 179, zalya0 47 / 23 tathA 48 / 1 evaM 51 ( vasiSTha kA Azrama yahIM thA ) / batI - (jahA~ mahI nadI samudra meM giratI hai) skanda 0 1 / 2 / 13 / 107 // balabhadra - liGga -- ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, pRSTha 46 ) / 148 / bahunetra - ( narmadA para eka tIrtha jahA~ trayodazI ko yAtrA kI jAtI hai) matsya0 191 / 14 / bahulavana --- ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 15778 / bANagaMgA -- ( zAlagrAma ke antargata ) varAha0 144/ 63 ( rAvaNa ne somezvara ke dakSiNa eka bANa mArakara ise nikAlA thA ) / bANatIrtha - (1) (go0 ke antargata) brahma0 122/214; (2) ( narmadA ke antargata ) kUmaM0 2041 - 9-10 / bANezvara liGga - ( vArANasI ke antargata ) skanda0, kAzIkhaNDa 33 / 139, liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 48 ) / bAlakezvara - ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 43) / bAlapa-yA bAlapendra ( sAbhramatI ke taTa para ) padma0 6 / 145 / 1, 24 evaM 37 ( eka sUrya-kSetra ) / vArhaspatyatIrtha---- (godA0 ke antargata) brahma0 122/ balAkA- anu0 25/19 / vAkezvara - ( narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 111 / 11 / balikuNDa - ( vArANasI ke antargata ) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 76) balezvara - (zrIparvata ke antargata ) liMga0 1192/- bindumAdhava - ( vArA0 ke antargata) matsya0 185/ 68, skanda 0 2|33|148, nAradIya0 2 / 29/61, padma 6 / 131 / 48 / bindusara - ( 1 ) ( badarI ke pAsa mainAka parvata para ) vana0 145144, bhISma0 6143-46, brahmANDa 0 2 / 18 / 31, matsya0 1212 / 26 evaM 31 32 (jahA~ 101 / bAhubA - (sarasvatI ke nikaTa eka nadI) anu0 165/27, padma0 1 / 32 / 31, nAradIya0 2 / 60 30, brahma0 27 / 36, matsya0 114 / 22 evaM vAyu0 45/95 ( isakA kahanA hai ki yaha himavAn se nikalI hai), vana0 84 / 67 evaM 87 / 27 | dekhie de ( pR0 16) evaM pAjiTara ( 0 291-292 ) / vAyu0 (ccl66) kA kathana hai ki yuvanAzva ne apanI patnI gaurI ko zApa de diyA aura vaha bAhudA ho gyii| amarakoza ne isakA paryAya zatavAhinI batalAyA hai aura kSIrasvAmI ne TippaNI kI hai ki yaha kArtavIrya dvArA nIce utArI gayI ( kArtavIrya ko bahuda arthAt adhika dAna karane vAlA kahA gayA hai) / bAhyA- (sahya se nikalanevAlI nadI ) brahmANDa 0 2 / 16 / 35 / binduka - vi0 0 sU0 85 / 12 ( kucha saMskaraNoM meM 'bilvaka' pATha AyA hai ) /

Page #468
tIrthasUcI 1461 bhagIratha, indra evaM nara-nArAyaNa ne tapa kiyA thA), hue bajAsana para bodhi-tara para eka utkIrNa lekha bhAgavata0 3 / 21 / 33 evaM 39-44; (2) (vArA0 hai-bhagavato sakamunino bodhi; dekhie kaniMghama ke antargata) ziva ne isameM snAna kiyA thA aura kA 'mahAbodhi' grantha, pRSTha 3 / aisA kahA jAtA hai brahmA kA kapAla jo unake hAtha se laga gayA thA ki sana 600 I0 meM baMgAla ke rAjA zazAMka ne chUTakara gira par3A aura yaha kapAlamocana tIrtha bana gayA, bodhita ko kATa DAlA thA jise rAjA pUrNa varmA nAradIya0 2 / 29 / 59-60; ((3) (ekA mraka ke ne 620 I0 meM phira se lgaayaa| dekhie ai0 ji. antargata) brahma0 4112-54 (isakA nAma isa- pu0 453-459 jahA~ boSi-gayA evaM bodhi-taru lie par3A ki rudra ne sabhI pavitra sthaloM se jalabUMdeM ke viSaya meM likhA gayA hai| ekatra kara ise bharA thA); (4) (kazmIra meM) brahmakuNDa-(1) (badarI ke antargata) varAha0 141 // nIlamata0 (1116-1117) ke mata se yaha deza 4-6; (2) (lohArgala ke antargata) varAha0 151 / ke pUrva meM eka dikpAla hai| 71 (jahA~ cAra veda-dhArA nAmaka jharane himAlaya se vindutIrSa-yaha paMcanada hai| dekhie 'paMcanada' ke antrgt| nikalate haiM); (3) (gayA ke antargata) vAyu0 bilvaka-(zrAva ke lie eka ati upayukta sthala) 110 / 8 / vi0 10 sU0 85 / 52, matsya0 22170, kUrma brahmakUpa-(gayA ke antargata) vAyu0 111 / 25 tathA 2 / 20133, anu0 25 / 13, nAradIya0 2 / 4079 / 31, agni0 115137 / vilapapa-(jahA~ se vitastA yA jhelama nikalatI hai) brahmakSetra-(kurukSetra) vana0 6364-6, vAya0 59 / ha. ci0 12 / 15-17 / dekhie 'nIlakuNDa' ke 106-107 tathA 95 / 5 / antrgt| brahmatIrya-(1) (vArANasI ke antargata) kUrma. bilvapatraka-pama0 6 / 129 / 11 (ziva ke bAraha 1135 / 9, 2 / 37 / 28, padma0 1137 / 9-12 (viSNu ne tIrthoM meM ek)| brahmA ke nAma se ise sthApita kiyA); (2) (gayA bilvAcala-bArhaspatya sUtra (3 / 120) ke anusAra ke antargata) padma0 113879 nArada0 2 / 45 / 102, yaha vaiSNava kSetra hai| agni0 115 / 36; (3) (godA0 ke antargata) bilvavana-(mathurA ke bAraha vanoM meM dasavAM) varAha0 brahma0 113 / 1 evaM 23, brahmANDa0 3 / 13 / 56; 153642 / (4) ( sarasvatI para ) bhAgavata0 1078 / 19 / bubuvA-(nadI, himAlaya se nikalI huI) brahmANDa0 brahmatuGga--agni0 109 / 12, padma0 1124128 / 2 / 16 / 25-27 / brahmatuNDahava---yA brahmatuGgahrada / brahmANDa0 3 / 12 / 73, puSezvara-(vArA ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, vAyu0 77171-72 (yahA~ zrAddha, japa, homa karane pR0 55 evaM 97) / se akSaya phala milatA hai)| bahAna-(gokula ke pAsa, jahA~ naMda gopa apanI gAyeM brahmatArezvara-(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI. rakhate the) bhAgavata0 105 / 26 evaM 10 / 7 / 33 / kalpa0, pR0 28) / bRhaspatikuNDa-(lohArgala ke antargata) varAha brahmagiri--(1) (eka parvata, jahAM se godAvarI nik151155| latI hai aura jahA~ gautama kA Azrama thA) brahma boSitara-(bodha gayA meM pIpala yA bodhidruma) pama0 74 / 25-26, 84 / 2, padma0 7 / 176 / 58; (2) 6 / 117 / 30 ; dekhie 'mahAbodhi taha' ke antrgt| (sahya kI sabase bar3I coTI aura kRSNaveNyA ke bharahuta stupa (lagabhaga 200 I0 pUrva) para khude antargata eka tIrtha) tIrthasAra, pRSTha 78 /

Page #469
1462 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa brahmanadI --- ( yaha sarasvatI kA nAma hai) bhAgavata0 9 - brahmAnusvara -- ( kurukSetra ke antargata ) padma0 11261 16 / 23 / 67 / brahmaNastIrtha- -- vana0 83 / 113, padma0 1 / 27 / 2 ( brahmaNa: brahmAvarta - ( 1 ) 36 / brahmaputra -- dekhie 'lauhitya', jo isakA eka anya nAma hai / brahmabAlukA - vana0 82 / 106, padma0 1 / 25 / 13 / brahmasara -- ( 1 ) ( thAnezvara ke pAsa ) vAyu0 77 51, ( sarasvatI evaM dRSadvatI ke madhya kI pavitra bhUmi ) manu0 2 / 17, kAlikA0 49 / 71 / meghadUta ( 1148 ) ke anusAra kurukSetra brahmAvarta ke antargata thA / yaha eka pavitra tIrtha hai| vana 83 / 53-54, 84143, matsya0 22/69, agni0 109 / 17 (2) ( narmadA ke antargata ) matsya 0 1907, 19170, padma0 1 / 17 / 5 / brahmezvara liMga - (1) (zrIparvata ke antargata ) kUrma 0 204118, liMga0 1 / 92 / 158-160 ( ise alezvara bhI kahA jAtA hai); (2) ( vArA0 ke antargata ) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 115 ) / brahmovara - vAma 0 36 / 7-8 / matsya0 22 / 12, vAma0 22 / 55-60 evaM 49/38-39 / yaha sara kaI nAmoM se vikhyAta hai, yathA brahmasara, rAmahrada yA pavanasara ityAdi (2) ( gayA ke antargata ) vana0 44 / 85 ( dharmAraNyopazobhita) evaM 95 / 11, anu0 25/58, agni0 115 / 38, vAyu0 111 / 30 ; (3) (kokAmukha ke antargata ) varAha0 140 / 37-39; (4) ( sAnandUra ke antargata ) varAha0 158/201 brahmodaya - ( vAgmatI ke dakSiNa) varAha0 215 / 102 / brahmodbhava - varAha0 215 / 91 / brahmodumbara - vana0 83 / 71 / brahmazira - ( gayA ke antargata) kUrma0 2 / 3 / 38, nArada0 brAhmaNakuNDikA ( kazmIra meM eka tIrtha ) nIlamata0 2044146 ( yahA~ brahmayUpa hai ) / 1499, 1501 / 22 / brahmasthAna - vana0 83 / 71, 85 / 35, padma0 1 / 27 / 2 / brAhmaNikA (naimiSa vana ke pAsa ) padma0 1|321brhmsthuunnaa padma0 1 / 39 / 33 / brahmavallItIrtha- ( sAbhramatI ke antargata) padma0 6/- brAhmaNI - ( sambhavata: vaha bAmanI jo cambala meM milatI hai) vana0 84ApaTA sthAnam ), padma0 1138/20 / brahmapada --- ( goniSkramaNa ke antargata ) varAha0 147/ 137 / 1 / brahmayoni - ( 1 ) ( sarasvatI para ) ise pRthUdaka bhI kahate haiM, vAma0 39 / 20 evaM 23; (2) ( gayA ke antagaMta) vana0 83 | 140 evaM 84 / 95, padma0 1127/29, nAradIya0 2 / 47 / 54, vAyu0 108/83 (brahmayoni pravizyAthoM nirgacched yastu mAnavaH / paraM brahma sataha vimukto yonisaMkaTAt / / ) dekhie aiM0 ji0 ( pRSTha 458 ) jisakA kahanA hai ki aba azokastUpa ke pAsa eka choTA-sA maMdira khar3A hai| brahmayUpa- ( gayA ke antargata ) vAyu0 111 / 31-33, agni0 115 / 39 / brahma haba - bhAgavata 0 10 / 28 / 16-17 ( sambhavataH yaha gaurUpa meM prayukta hai ), brahmANDa0 3|13|53 / bha bhagavatpadI -- (gaMgA) bhAgavata 0 5 / 17 / 1-9 / bhaGgatIrtha - ( narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 191 / 52 / bhavatIrtha - - ( 1 ) ( narmadA ke antargata) padma0 1 / 18 / 54; (2) ( godA0 ke antargata ) brahma0 165 1, matsya0 22 / 50 / bhavatuGga vana0 82180 / bhadrakAlezvara -- ( yahA~ zrAddha karane se paramapada kI prApti hotI hai) matsya0 22 / 74 / bhadrakAlI -- bArha 0 sUtra 3 / 128 | yaha vindhyAcala para nivAsa karatI haiM /

Page #470
tIrghasUcI bhAboha-(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, bharateza-(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 52) / bhadrakAlI-hara-agni0 109 / 17 / bhakaccha-(Adhunika bhaDoca) sabhA0 51610 (bharubhanakarNezvara-(zrAddha ke lie eka upayukta sthAna) kaccha ke nivAsI gandhAra se pANDavoM ke pAsa ghor3e vana0 8439, karma0 2 / 20135, skanda0 71 / bheMTa rUpa meM lAye the), TAlemI evaM periplasa ne ise arbuda khaNDa 8 / 1-2 (isI nAma ke eka hada para barigaja kahA hai| ise bhRgupura evaM bhRgukaccha bhI kahA liMga jo arbuda parvata para hai)| jAtA hai (dUsarA nAma skanda0, kAzI0 6 / 25 meM bhAvaTa-vana0 82 / 50, padma0 1 / 12 / 10, varAha0 pAyA jAtA hai)| san 648-9 I0 meM valabhI-nareza 5112 (himAlaya ke uttara kI ora) evaM 9856 / dharasena caturya ne bharukaccha par3Ava se tAmrapatra diyA bhAvana-(mathurA ke bAraha vanoM meM chaThA) varAha thaa| suppAraka jAtaka (saM0 463) meM bharukaccha 153 / 37 evaM 16117 bandaragAha rUpa meM ullikhita hai| bhatA--(2) (gaMgA kI zAkhAoM meM eka) viSNu0 bhartasyAna-vana0 85160, papa0 239 / 56 (jahA~ 2 / 2 / 34, bhAgavata0 5 / 17 / 5, vAmana0 51152, devatA nitya sannihita rahate haiN)| (2) vaha nadI jisa para hari-hara avasthita haiM) bhasmagAtraka-liMga0 1192 / 137 / nRsiMha0 65 / 18 / bhasmakUTAdi-(gayA ke antargata) vAyu0 109 / 15 / bhadrAvatI-(gaMgA kI maulika cAra dhArAoM meM eka, bhAgIrathI-matsya. 12241 (yaha una sAta dhArAoM anya tIna dhArAe~ haiM sItA, alakanandA evaM sucakSu) meM se eka hai jo bindusara se nikalIM aura jo bhagIbrahmANDa0 3156 / 52 / _ 'ratha ke ratha kA anusaraNa karatI huI samudra meM pahu~cI) bhadrezvara--(1) (narmadA ke uttarI taTa para) matsya0 bhANDahada-(matharA ke antargata) varAha0 157 / 10 / 22 / 25, kUrma0 2 / 4114; (2) (vArA0 ke anta- bhANDIra-(mathurA ke antargata) varAha0 153 / 43, rgata) liMga. 1192 / 136 (tIkalpa0, pu. 52 (bAraha vanoM meM gyArahavA~) 156 / 3 / evaM 68) / bhANDIraka baTa-(vRndAvana ke pAsa) bhAgavata0 10/bharavAjAzrama-rAmAyaNa (2154 / 9-10, 6 / 127 / 1 18 / 22, 10 / 19 / 13 / / evaM 17 tathA 5 / 102 / 5-6] / dekhie 'citrakaTa bhAnutIrtha-(go0 ke antargata) brahma0 1381,168 / 1 / giri'| Azrama ke vAstavika sthala ke vivecana bhAvatIrtha-- (go0 ke antargata) brahma0 153 / 1 / ke viSaya meM dekhie gaMgAnAtha jhA risarca insTIcyUTa bhArageza-(narma0 ke antargata) matsya0 192 / 1, kA jarnala, jilda 3, pRSTha 189-204 evaM 433- padma0 1 / 19 / 1 / 474 (zrI Ara0 ema0 shaastrii)| bhArabhUtezvara-(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 bharadvAjatIrtha--(dekhie 'agastyatIrtha') Adi0 216 / - kalpa0, 50 93) / / bhArabhUti-(narma0 ke antargata) matsya0 194 / 18, bharatasyAzrama-(1) (gayA ke antargata) brahmANDa0 kUrma0 2 / 42 / 25, pA. 1 / 21 / 18 / 3 / 13 / 105, matsya0 13 / 46 (yahA~ para devI ko bhAraNDavana-(matsya deza meM) rAmAyaNa 2171 / 5 / lakSmI-aMganA kahA gayA hai), vAyu0 77-98, bhAskarakSetra-(koNArka) mitA. (yAjJa0 3 / 17) 108 / 35, 112 / 24; (2) (kauzikI ke antargata) ne uddhRta kiyA hai-'gaMgAyAM bhAskarakSetre'... kUrma0 2 / 37138, papa0 1138048 / Adi, tIrtha ci0 (pRSTha 16) evaM prAyazcittatattva 4 /

Page #471
44 bhUtAlayatIrtha -- ( sAbhramatI ke antargata) padma0 61158 / 1 (jahA~ candanA nadI prAcI ho jAtI hai), vAma0 34 / 47 / (10 493) ke mata se prayAga bhAskarakSetra hai, kintu tIrthasAra ( pR0 20) ne ise kogAditya yA koNArka kahA hai; jo upayukta hai| matsya0 (111 / 13) evaM karma 0 ( 136 / 20) ke mata se prayAga prajApatikSetra hai / dekhie de, pR0 32 / bhillatIrtha - - ( godA0 ke dakSiNa taTa para ) brahma0 bhUtezvara - ( 1 ) ( kazmIra meM bhUthIsara) nIlamata 0 1309, 1324, 1327, rAja0 1 / 107, 2 / 148, ha0 ci0 4 / 85 / yaha nandi kSetra ke antargata hai / haramukha kI coTI se dakSiNa-pUrva phaile hue parvata para bhUteza ziva kA nivAsa hai / Aine akabarI, jilda 2, pRSTha 364; (2) ( vArA0 ke antargata ) kUrma 0 1 / 35 / 10, padma0 1|37|13 ( 3 ) ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 168 / 19 / bhUmicaNDezvara-- ( vArA0 ke antargata) agni0 112|4| bhUmitIrtha - agni0 109 / 12 / bhRgu Azrama-- (narmadA ke uttarI taTa para ) skanda0 1 / 2 / 3 / 2-6 // bhRgukaccha ( narmadA ke uttarI taTa para ) dekhie 'bhairukaccha' ke antargata / yahA~ bali ne azvamedhayajJa kiyA thA ( bhAgavata 0 8 / 12 / 2 ) / bhRgukuNDa - ( stutasvAmI ke antargata ) varAha0 148 / 48 / bhRgutIrtha -- ( narmadA ke antargata) matsya 0 193 / 23-60, kUrma0 2 / 42 / 1-6, padma0 1 / 20 / 23 57 / de ( pR0 34) ke mata se yaha jabalapura se pazcima bAraha mIla kI dUrI para bher3AghATa para hai, jisake mandira meM 64 yoginiyA~ haiM / vana0 99 / 34-35 ( isI sthAna para parazurAma ne rAma dvArA le lI gayI zakti ko punaH prApta kiyA thA ) / bhRgutuGga - ( 1 ) ( eka parvata para vaha Azrama jahA~ bhRgu tapa kiyA thA) vAyu 0 23 / 148 evaM 77 / 83, vana 0 84/50, 90 23, 130 | 191; (2) vi0 dha0 sU0 85/16, kUrma 0 2 / 20 23, matsya0 22|31 ( zrAddha ke lie uttama ), jo nanda paNDita ke mata se amarakaNTaka ke pAsa hai tathA anya logoM ke mata se himAlaya meM; (3) ( gaNDakI ke pUrvI taTa para ) dharmazAstra kA itihAsa bhuvanezvara - ( vArA0 ke antargata) liga0 (tI0 kalpa * pR0 56) / 169 / 1 / bhImA - ( nadI, bhImarathI jo sahya parvata se nikalI hai| aura kRSNA kI sahAyaka hai ) devala (tIrthakalpa 0, pR0 250 ) / isake nikAsa sthala para bhImAzaMkara kA maMdira hai, jo bAraha jyotirliMgoM meM eka hai, yaha rAyacUra se solaha mIla uttara kRSNA nadI meM milatI hai / bhImarathI - (bhImA nadI) matsya0 22/45, 114/29, brahma0 27 / 35, padma0 1124/32, bhISmaparva 9120, vana0 87 / 3, vAmana0 13 / 30 / aura dekhie epi0 iNDi0, jilda 5, pR0 200 tathA 204 jahA~ kIrtivarmA dvitIya ke vakkaleri dAnapatra ( 757 I0) meM bhImarathI nAma ke viSaya meM ullekha hai / bhImAdevI -- ( kazmIra meM Dala jhIla ke pUrva taTa para phAka paragane meM brAna nAmaka Adhunika grAma ) rAja0 2 / 135 aura ha0 ci0 4 // 47 // bhImasvAmI - ( kazmIra meM eka zilA jo gaNeza ke rUpa meM pUjI jAtI hai) sTInasmRti, pR0 148 / bhImatIrtha agni0 109 / 12 / bhImAyAH sthAnam -- vana0 82284, de ( pR0 43) ne ise pezAvara ke uttara-pUrva 28 mIla kI dUrI para takhta-e-bahAI mAnA hai / bhImezvara-- (narma0 ke antargata, pitaroM ke lie pavitra ) matsya0 22 / 46 evaM 75, 18115, kUrma0 2041 - 20 evaM 2045 / 15, padma0 1 / 18 / 5 / bhISma- caNDika - - ( vArA0 ke antargata) matsya0 183 - 62 / bhISmezvara --- ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, pU0 66) /

Page #472
tIrthasUcI 1465 varAha0 146445-46; (4) (gurjara deza meM) maNikuNDa- (stutasvAmI ke antargata) varAha0 1481 skanda0, kaashii06|25; (5) (vitastA evaM hima- 52 / vAn ke pAsa) vAma0 81133 / maNimAn-yA maNimanta (devikA nadI ke pAsa) vana0 bhaMgIzvara liGga-(vArA ke antargata) skanda0, kAzI0 82 / 101, padma0 1125 / 8, vAma0 8 // 14 // 33 / 129 evaM liMga0 (tIrthakalpa0 pR0 84) / maNimatI-(nadI) matsya0 22 // 39 (zrAddha ke lie ati bhevagiri- (gaMgodbheda nAmaka dhArA se pavitra) rAja0 upyogii)| bAI sU0 (14 / 20) kA kathana hai ki 1 // 35, sTInasmRti, pR0 186-187 / yaha eka parvata hai| .. bhevAdevI--- (gaMgodbheda ke pAsa kazmIra meM zrInagara ke maNimatIbhadra-vAma0 9016 (yahA~ ziva ko zambhu kahA pazcima Adhunika budabrora) nIlamata0 1522 / jAtA hai)| bhairava-(eka tIrtha) matsya0 22 / 31 / maNimatIpurI--(yaha vAtApIpurI evaM durjayA ke nAma se bhairavezvara--(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 1192 // bhI prasiddha thI) vana0 96 / 1 evaM 99 / 30-31 / maNinAga--vana0 84 / 106, padma0 1138 / 24 / bhogavatI yA vAsukitIrtha---(1) (prayAga ke antargata) maNipUragiri-(stutasvAmI ke antargata) varAha0 yaha prajApati kI vedI kahI jAtI hai; bn085|77, 148163 / matsya0 106 / 43 evaM 110 / 8, agni0 11115, maNDavA-vAyu0 77156 (zrAddha ke lie ati upayukta nAradIya0 2 / 63 / 95; (2) (ikSvAku kula phaadd'ii)| ke kakutstha kI rAjadhAnI) kAlikApurANa maNDalezvara-(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 50 / 4 / kalpa0, pR0 66) / mataGgapada--(gayA ke antargata) nArada0 2 / 44 / 57, vAyu0 108 / 25 / maRNA-(RkSa se nikalI huI nadI) vAyu0 45 / 101 / mataGgasthAzrama--(1) (gayA ke antargata) vana0 84 / maMgalA-(gayA meM devIsthAna) devIbhAgavata 7 / 38 / 24 / 101, agni0 115 / 34; (2) (vArANasI meM) maMgalaprastha--(pahAr3I) bhAga0 5 / 19 / 16 / vana0 87 / 25 / maMgalAsaMgama--(godAvarI ke antargata) brahma0 1221- mataGgasya kedAra-vana0 88 / 17, padma0 1139 / 15 / 94 evaM 100 (ise govinda bhI kahA jAtA mataGgavApI--(1) (gayA ke antargata) vAyu0 111 / 23-24, agni0 115 / 34, nArada0 2045 / 100, maMgalezvara--(narmadA ke antargata) padma0 2 / 9 / 33 / vi0 dha0 sU0 85 / 38; (2) (kozalA meM) vAyu0 maMkuTI--(RkSavAn se nikalI I nadI) brahmANDa 77 / 36; (3) (kailAsa para) brahmANDa0 3 / 13 / 2 / 16 / 31 / maJjalA--(eka nadI) bhISma0 9 / 34 / mataGgeza-(1) (gayA ke antargata) agni0 111 // 35 / maNikarNI-(yA maNikarNikA) (vArANasI ke antargata) mataGgezvara--(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 matsya0 182 / 24, 185 / 69, nAradIya0 2 / 40 / 87 kalpa0, pR0 87) / evaM 49 / 44, pm06|23|44| mathurA--dekhie isa granya kA khaNDa 4, adhyAya 15 evaM maNikarNIzvara--(vArANasI ke antargata) nArada ai0 ji0 (pRSTha 373-375 mayurA evaM vRndAvana 2049 / 45, liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 103) / ke lie)|

Page #473
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa matsyanavI-(pavitra nadI) matsya0 22049 / / dekhie DA0 esa0 kRSNasvAmI AyaMgara dvArA likhita matsyazilA--(kokAmukha ke antargata) varAha. 140 / - 'maNimekhalaI ina iTsa hisTArika seTiMga', pR0 20 / 79-83 / madhurA mayurA kA hI tamila DhaMga kA uccAraNa hai| matsyodapAna-nRsiMha0 (tI0 kalpa0, pRSTha 251) / dekhie mIthika sosAiTI kA jarnala, san 1942, jilda matsyodarI-(vArANasI meM kapilezvara ke dakSiNa evaM 32, pR0 270-275 (tamila sAhityika paramparA oMkArezvara ke pAsa) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 evaM madurA ke lie) evaM pro0 dIkSitAra kA 'silappa58-59), skanda0 4 / 23:120 evaM 4173 / 155 / dikAram' (pRSTha 201-8) jahA~ isakA varNana hai aura tristhalIsetu (pR0 140) kA kathana hai-'matsyAkAraM pR0 255 jahAM kannakI ke zApa se madurA ke vinAza kAzIkSetram udare asyA iti vyutpattyA gaMgeva matsyo- kA varNana hai| darI jnyeyaa|' mathurAtIrtha-(sAbhramatI ke antargata) pama0 6 / 135 // madotkaTa-pama0 6 / 12969 (jambU dvIpa ke 108 tIrthoM 18 / meM 9vaaN)| maSakta-(1) (mathurA meM) vana0 1 / 12 evaM 31 (yahA~ bhAvA--(eka pahAr3I) brahmANDa0 3 / 13 / 52 evaM 57 / madhu nAmaka rAkSasa rahatA thA) kUrma0 2 / 36 / 9, varAha. sambhavataH yaha maNDavA hI hai| 153 / 30, vAma0 83 // 31, 90114, bhAga0418042 mAA--(nadI, vindhya se nikalI huI) vaayu045|102| (yamunA ke taToM para), 9 / 11 / 14 (zatrughna ne madhuvana manukulyA-(nadI, gayA meM) vAyu0 106 / 75, 112- meM mathurA basAyI), grAusa ne 'mathurA' nAmaka pustaka meM ise maholI kahA hai jo mathurA se dakSiNa-pazcima madhukaiTabhaliGga-(vArANasI meM) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, pA~ca mIla dUra hai (pRSTha 32, 54); (2) (kurukSetra pR043)| ___ ke sAta vanoM meM eka) vAma0 34 / 5 / manandinI-(nadI) vAma 0 81216 / maSuvatI-(eka devIsthAna) para0 1 / 26 / 88 / mapura-(pRthUdaka ke antargata) padma0 1127338 / maghunavA-(nadI) (1) (gayA meM) vAyu0 106 / 75, madhupurI-(mathurA) bhaag07|14|31, viSNu0 1 / 12 / 112 // 307 / 34, nAradIya0 2 / 47 / 27; (2) (sr2-4| svatI ke antargata) vAma0 3417, 39 / 36-38, vana0 madhumatI-(1) (kazmIra meM eka nadI) nIlamata0 144 83 / 150 / (vitastA meM milatI hai), 1444 (isa para durgA nAmaka madhuvilA-(nadI) smNgaa| vana0 135 / 1 / tIrtha hai jo zANDilya dvArA sthApita huA thA), makavana-(agastyAzrama evaM paMcavaTI ke madhya) rAmA0 vikramAMkadevacarita 1815; (2) (eka nadI jobaMgAla 3 / 13 / 23 / / ke nadiyA aura bAkaragaMja jiloM se hokara bahatI huI madhubakA-(nadI) vAma0 57480 / baMgAla kI khAr3I meM gira jAtI hai| (3) (vaha nadI jo madhyama puSkara-(dekhie puSkara) pama0 5 / 19 / 38, madhyapradeza meM sindhu se milatI hai); dekhie mAlatI- vAma0 22 / 19 / / mAdhava (9vA~ aMka, zloka 2 ke pazcAt gdyaaNsh)| madhyamezvara liga-(1) (vArANasI ke antargata kUrma. mapurA-(1) (mathurA, zUrasena deza kI rAjadhAnI) 113212, 113411-2, liMga. 1192 / 91 tathA brahmANDa0 3 / 49 / 6, viSNu0 1 / 12 / 4 evaM rAmA0 135, padma0 1134 / 10 (vArANasI ke pAMca mukhya 77015; (2) (Adhunika madurA, pANDya logoM kI liMgoM meM eka); (2) (zrIparvata ke antargata) liMga prAcIna rAjadhAnI jise dakSiNa madhurA kahA jAtA thA, 11921151

Page #474
tIryasUcI 1467 varAha0 ( 143 / 2) kA kathana hai ki yaha gaMgA ke dakSiNI taTa para eka tIrtha hai, vindhya para avasthita hai aura sabhI bhAgavatoM kA pyArA hai| yaha kevala dvAdazI tathA caturdazI ko phUla detA hai ( zloka 13) tI0 kalpa0 pRSTha (217-218 ) / aiM0 ji0 (pRSTha 508 ) kA kahanA hai ki yaha bihAra meM bhAgalapura ke dakSiNa meM hai / mandodarItIrtha --- matsya0 2241 ( darzana mAtra se pApa kaTate haiM aura zrAddha atyanta puNyadAyaka hotA hai) / manojava - padma0 1 / 26 / 87, vana0 83 / 93 // manohara --- (narmadA ke antargata ) matsya 0 19417, kUrma 0 mantrezvara -- ( vArANasI ke antargata ) skanda0 4|33| madhyandinIyaka tItha -- ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 177 / 46 ( vaikuNTha tIrtha ke pazcima meM ) / madhvatIrtha - garur3a0 uttara khaNDa, brahmakANDa 26 / 46-47 ( yaha kucha saMdehAtmaka hai) / maDavAvarta nAga-- (kazmIra meM vitastA para ) ha0 ci0 10 / 152 / manujezvara - ( vArANasI ke antargata ) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 104) / 242120, padma0 1 / 21 / 7 / 137 / mandagA--- ( zuktimAn se nikalI huI nadI ) matsya0 manyutIrtha -- ( godAvarI ke antargata ) brahma0 16201, 114 / 32, vAyu0 45 / 107 / bhAga0 10179 / 21 (mAhiSmatI evaM prabhAsa ke madhya meM kahIM) / mandAkinI -- (1) (citrakUTa parvata ke pAsa evaM RkSavAn se nikalI huI nadI) vana0 85158, anu0 25/29, rAmA0 2 / 93 / 8 evaM 3/5/37, vAyu0 45/99, agni0 109 / 23, brahmANDa0 2 / 16 / 30, matsya 0 114/25 (2) (vArA * ke antargata eka upatIrtha ) tI kalpa0, pRSTha 86, ( 3 ) ( kailAsa ke caraNa meM madodaka jhIla se nikalI huI nadI) matsya0 121 4, brahmANDa 0 2 / 18 / 1; (4) (kiSkindhA ke pAsa ) rAmA0 4 / 1 / 95 / manvavAhinI - ( zuktimAn parvata se nirgata nadI) matsya 0 11432, vAyu045/1071 mambara - (parvata) viSNu0 2 / 2118 ( yaha meru ke pUrva meM hai), mArkaNDeya0 51 / 19; vana0 139 / 5, 142/2, 163 / 4 (pUrva meM samudra taka phailA huA ) evaM 31 33, udyoga0 11 / 12, liMga0 2 / 92 / 187 evaM 188, 612 (devatAgaNa andhaka se Darakara mandara meM chipa gaye the), nAradIya0 2 / 60 / 22, vAma0 51 / 74 ( pRthUdaka se ziva mandara para Aye aura tapa kiyA), matsya 0 184 / 18 / 13 / 28 (mandara parvata para devI kA nAma kAmacAriNI hai), bhAga0 7 / 3 / 2 evaM 772 (hiraNyahary yahA~ rahatA thA ) / mandAra-varAha0 143|1-51 ( mandAra- mAhAtmya), 112 marudgaNa anu0 25 / 38 / mahadvRdhA -- (1) (nadI) R0 10/75/5 / nirukta (9/26) ne ise R0 (10/75/5 ) meM ullikhita sabhI nadiyoM kI upAdhi mAnA hai aura artha lagAyA hai ki 'jo vAyu yA marutoM dvArA bAr3ha meM lAyI gayI ho / ' jaisA ki sTIna ne kahA hai, yaha nadI maruvarddhana nAma se vikhyAta hai tathA cinAba kI sahAyaka hai ( je0 Ara0 e0 esa0 1917, pRSTha 93-96 ) ; bhAga 0 5 / 19 / 18; (2) padma0 (6 / 224|4 evaM 19) meM kAverI ko marudddhA kahA hai| marusthala -- ( - ( puruSottama ke antargata) nArada 0 2 / 60 / 22 / markarItIrtha -- ( tripurI, arthAt Adhunika tevara, narmadA ke taTa para, jabalapura se sAta mIla pazcima ) tIrthasAra (pRSTha 101 ) dvArA ullikhita / mala -- ( kazmIra meM ) padma0 1 / 25 / 4 / malandarA -- (nadI) matsya0 22|41 ( yahA~ kA zrAddha akSaya hotA hai) / malaprahAriNI - yA malApahAriNI (belagA~va ke dakSiNa pazcima lagabhaga 22 mIla sahya se nikalI huI nadI ) Adhunika malaprabhA skanda 0 (tIrthasAra pRSTha 80 evaM 101), dekhie bambaI kA gajeTiyara, jilda 21, pRSTha -

Page #475
1468 12 jahA~ dantakathA dI huI hai| ayyA vola yA avallI yA aihola nAma kA prasiddha gA~va isa nadI para hai jo badAmI ke pUrva hai / dekhie iNDiyana aiNTikverI, jilda 8, pRSTha 243, jisameM aihola zilAlekha 634 I0 kA ullekha hai / parazurAma ne apanI raktaraMjita kulhAr3I malaprabhA meM dhoyI thI / dekhie bambaI kA gajeTiyara, jilda 23, pRSTha 545 / malaya-- ( bhArata ke sAta prasiddha parvatoM meM eka ) vana0 282 / 43, 313 / 32, bhISma0 9 / 11, kUrma 0 1 47 | 23 ( isake zikhara se samudra dekhA jA sakatA hai), vAyu0 45 / 88, brahma0 27 / 19 / raghuvaMza (4/4551) meM AyA hai ki malaya kAverI ke taTa para hai jahA~ yaha samudra meM giratI hai aura yahA~ elA evaM candana ke vRkSa ugate haiM, ise tAmraparNI bhI kahA gayA hai / yaha pANDya deza kA parvata hai ( raghuvaMza 4,49-51), agastya kA yahA~ para Azrama thA / malayaja - padma0 6 / 129/12 (viSNu evaM ziva ke tIrthoM meM eka ) / malArjunaka - (yamunA ke taTa para mathurA ke antargata eka tIrtha) varAha0 157 / 1 / dharmazAstra kA itihAsa mallaka- - (gaMgA ke pazcimI taTa para ) padma0 5 / 5 / 74 ( jahA~ satI ne apane ko jalAyA thA ) / malApahA -- (dakSiNa meM eka nadI ) isake taTa para muni parNA nAmaka nagarI hai jahA~ 'paMcaliMga mahezvara' haiM / mallikAvya -- (eka bar3A parvata) padma0 4 / 17 / 68 / mallikArjuna -- (zrIparvata ke antargata ) liMga 0 1 / 92 / 155 / mallikezvara -- ( narmadA ke antargata) padma0 1 18/6 | mahatkuNDa -- ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, pRSTha 70 ) / mahatI - ( pAriyAtra se nirgata nadI) matsya0 114 / 23, vAyu0 45 / 97 / mahAkAla - (1) (ujjayinI meM ziva, 12 jyotiliMgoM meM eka ) vana0 82 / 49, matsya0 13 41, 22 | 24, 1795 ( avanti deza meM mahAkAlavana meM ziva evaM andhakAsura meM yuddha huA thA), brahma0 43166, skanda0 4|1|91 ; (2) (vArA0 meM eka liMga) liMga0 1 / 92 / 137 // mahAkAlavana --- ( avanti deza meM) matsya0 179/5 / mahAkAzI - vAmana0 (tI0 kalpa0 pR0 239 ) / mahAkUTa - (zrAddha ke lie upayukta eka pahAr3I) vAyu0 77/57, brahmANDa 0 3 | 13|58 | yaha saMdehAtmaka hai ki yaha vahI hai jo badAmI ke pUrva kI pahAr3iyoM para mandiroM kA samUha hai, jise Aja bhI mahAkUTa kahA jAtA hai / sthAnIya paramparA ke anusAra yaha vaha sthala hai jahA~ vAtApI evaM ilvala nAmaka do rAkSasa bhAI mAre gaye the / dekhie iNDiyana aiNTikverI, jilda 10, pRSTha 102-103, jahA~ 696-734 I0 ke lagabhaga ke eka zilAlekha kA ullekha hai / mahAgaGgA - anu0 25 / 22 ( tI0 kaMrUpa0 pR0 246 ), vi0 60 sU0 85 / 23 ( isakI TIkA ne use alakanandA mAnA hai / mahAgaurI - (vindhya se nirgata eka nadI) matsya0 114 // 28, vAyu0 45 / 103 / mahAtIrtha - kUrma0 2 / 37 / 12 / mahAnadI -- (1) (vaha nadI jo vindhya se nikalakara ur3IsA meM kaTaka ke pAsa bahatI huI baMgAla kI khAr3I meM giratI hai) brahmANDa0 46 45, kUrma0 2 / 35 / 25 / brahmANDa 0 ( 2 / 16 / 28 ) ke anusAra yaha pAriyAtra se nikalatI hai; (2) ( gayA ke antargata nadI, sambhavataH phalgu) padma0 1138 4, vAyu0 108 | 16-7, 11016, agni0 115 / 25, vana0 adhyAya 84; (3) ( dravir3a deza meM ) bhAga0 11 / 5 / 40 / mahAnandA - ( baMgAla ke uttara pUrva meM dArjiliMga ke pAsa himAlaya se nikalI huI aura mAladA jile meM gaMgA se milanevAlI eka nadI) dekhie impIriyala gajeTiyara, jilda 20 pRSTha 413- 414 / ( pUrNiyA~ jile ke antargata ) mahAnala -- ( mRtyu dvArA sthApita eka liMga, go0 ke antargata ) brahma0 116 / 1 /

Page #476
tIrthasUcI 1469 mahAnAda--matsya0 22 / 53, yahA~ kA dAna atyanta phala- mahAmuNDA---(vArANasI ke antargata) / liMga0 (tI0 dAyaka hai| kalpa0, pR0 56) / mahApAnAga--(kazmIra meM eka jhIla) nIlamata0 mahAmuNDezvara--- (vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 1120-1122, 1157 (eka yojana lambI aura kalpa0, pR056)| caudd'ii)| yaha ullola evaM Adhunika ullUra jhIla hai| mahArudraH-matsya0 22 / 34 / dekhie rAja0 4 / 591, nIlamata0 1123-1159 jahA~ mahAlakSmezvara-(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 duSTa SaDaMgula nAga kI gAthA hai| buhalara kRta 'kazmIra (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 69) / riporTa' pRSTha 9-10 / . mahAlaya--vana0 85 / 92 (dAnaM dadyAd mahAlaye), vi0 mahApAzupatezvara-(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga dha0 sU0 85 / 18, matsya0 181 / 25, karma0 2 / 20 / 33 __ (tI0 kalpa0, pRSTha 105) / (zrAddha ke lie ati upayukta), 2 / 37 / 1-4 (jahA~ mahApura--(eka tIrtha) anu0 25-26 / / pAzupatoM ne mahAdeva kI pUjA kI), padma0 5 / 11 / 17, mahAbala-(1) (satArA jile meM mahAbalezvara) brahmANDa0 3 / 13 / 82-84, vAmana0 90 / 22, padma0 pama0 6 / 113 / 29 / dekhie je0 bI0 Ara0 e0 1137 / 16 / esa0, jilda 10, pRSTha 1-18 jahA~ mahAbalezvara mahAlayakUpa--(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 mAhAtmya kA varNana hai; (2) (gokarNa kA kalpa0, pR0 63) / mahAbalezvara) dekhie kadambarAja kAmadeva kA gokarNa mahAlaya liMga--(pitaroM kA tIrtha) matsya0 13 / 33, dAnapatra (1236 I0, epi0 iNDi0 jilda 27, 22 // 34 (yahA~ para devI ko kapilA kahA jAtA hai aura pRSTha 157) / yahA~ kA zrAddha atyanta phaladAyaka hotA hai)| mahAboSi tara-(bodha gayA kA pIpala vRkSa jisake nIce mahAvana--(mathurA ke 12 vanoM meM 8vAM vana, vaja) varAha0 buddha ko sambodhi prApta huI) agni0 115 / 37, 153 / 40, 161 / 8 / Adhunika mahAvana bastI yamunA mtsth022|33, nArada0 2 / 45 / 103, vAyu0 111 // ke bAyeM kinAre ke sannikaTa hai| kRSNa ne apanA bacapana 26, vAyu0 a0 111 ke zloka 28-29 isa taru ko yahIM bitAyA thaa| sambodhita haiM / pama0 (6 / 117 / 26-30) ne batalAyA hai mahAveNA--padma0 5 / 11 / 27 / ki bodhi taru kisa prakAra zanivAra ko sparza ke yogya mahAzAla-matsya0 22 / 34, pdm05|11|27 / evaM anya dinoM sparza ke ayogya hai| dekhie DA0 baruA mahAzAlanadI-matsya0 22 / 42 / ('gayA aiNDa buddha gayA', jilda 1, pRSTha 234), vAyu0 mahAzrama--vana0 84153, padma0 1132 / 17 / 111127-29 kI stutiyA~ yahA~ uddhata haiM, aura dekhie mahAzoNa-(zoNa bhadra) sabhAparva 20 / 27 / vahI, jilda 2, pR0 2-9, jahA~ isa vRkSa ke itihAsa kA mahAsara--mahAbhArata (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 246) / ullekha hai| aura dekhie kaniMghama kA 'mahAbodhi' mahAsthala-(mathurA ke antargata) varAha0 140 / 22 / nAmaka vikhyAta grantha jahA~ dharmapAla ke zilAlekha pA~ca sthaloM meM eka; anya haiM arkasthala, vIrasthala, kuza(850 I0) meM ullikhita mahAbodhi kI carcA pRSTha sthala tathA punnysthl| 3 meM kI gayI hai| mahIsAgarasaMgama-skanda0 2 / 3 / 26 / mahAbhairava-(ATha zivatIrthoM meM eka) matsya0 1811- mAhiSmatI--(narmadA para) pAjiTara ne ise oMkAra 29, kUrma0 2 / 4413, devala0 (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 / __ bhAndhAtA (nadI dvIpa) tathA hAldAra Adi ne mahezvara 250) / kahA hai| mAndhAtA dvIpa madhya pradeza ke nemAr3a jile se

Page #477
1470 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa sambandhita hai| udyoga 0 19 / 23-24, 166 4, anu0 26, padma0 2 / 92 / 32, 6 / 11514, bhAga 09 / 15 / 22 (sahasrArjuna ne rAvaNa ko bandI banAyA thA) / mahAbhASya (jilda 2, pRSTha 35, ujjayinyAH prasthito mAhiSmatyAM sUryodgamanaM sambhAvayate), pANini ( 3 / 1 / 26 ) ke vArtika 10 para / suttanipAta (esa0bI0I0, jilda 10, bhAga 2, pRSTha 188) meM AyA hai ki bAvarI ke ziSya buddha se milane ke lie uttara jAte hue sarvaprathama aTaka ke patiTThANa ko jAte haiM aura usake uparAnta mAhassatI ko| dekhie DA0 phlITa kA 'mahisamaNDala aiNDa mAhiSmatI' (je0 Ara0 e0esa0, 1910, pRSTha 425447) evaM subandhu kA barvAnI dAnapatra (epi0 iNDi0, jilda 19, pRSTha 261, dAnapatra 5vIM zatAbdI kA hai| mahAhava--- ( badarInAtha ke pAsa ) kUrma0 2 / 37/39, anu0 25 / 18 (tIrthakalpa0, pRSTha 245-246) / mahI -- ( 1 ) ( himAlaya se nikalI huI dasa mahAn nadiyoM meM eka) 'milinda prazna' (saMkreDa buka Ava di IsTa, jilda 35, pRSTha 171 meM carcita ) ; mahI pANini (4/2/87 ) ke nadyAdigaNa meM ullikhita hai; (2) ( gvAliyara riyAsata se nikalI huI aura khaMbhAta ke pAsa dakSiNAbhimUkha samudra meM giranevAlI eka nadI ) skanda 0 1 2 3123, 12/13 / 43-45 evaM 125127, vana0 222123, mArkaNDeya 0 54/19 (pAriyAtra se nikalI huI) yaha 'TAlemI' pRSTha 103 kI mophisa evaM 'periplasa' kI maIja hai / mahendra -- ( yaha eka parvata hai jo gaMgA yA ur3IsA ke mukhoM se lekara madurA taka phailA huA hai) bhISma0 9 / 11, udyoga0 11 12, matsya0 22 / 44, padma0 1139 / 14 ( isa para parazurAma kA nivAsa thA), vana0 85116, bhAga0 5 / 19 / 16, vAma0 13114-15, 83 / 10-11, kU 0 1 47 23-24 ( bArhaspatya sUtra 3 / 124 ke mata se yaha zAkta kSetra hai ) / gaMjAma jile meM lagabhaga 5000 phuTa U~cA mahendragiri kA eka zikhara hai| rAmA0 (4 / 67/37) meM AyA hai ki yahIM se hanumAn kUdakara laMkA meM pahu~ce the| pAjiTara ( pR0 284 ) kA kathana hai ki yaha godAvarI evaM mahAnadI ke madhya meM pUrvI ghATa kA eka bhAga aura barAra kI pahAr3iyoM ke rUpa meM hai / kintu yaha kathana saMdehAtmaka hai / rAmA0 (4 / 41 / 19-21) pANDavATa ke pazcAt mahendra kA ullekha karake ise samudra meM praveza karate hue vyaMjita kiyA hai, kintu bhAga0 10179111-12 ne ise gayA ke pazcAt aura sapta godAvarI, veNA evaM pampA ke pahale likhA hai| samudragupta ke prayAga stambhAbhilekha meM isakA ullekha hai (kArpasa insakRpsanam iNDikeram, jilda 3, pR0 7 ) / mahezvaradhArA - vana0 84 / 117, padma0 1 / 38 / 34 / mahezvarakuNDa -- (lohArgala ke antargata ) varAha0 151 / 67 / mahezvarapada - padma0 1138 / 36, vana0 84 / 119 / mahodaya -- ( sAmAnyataH ise kanIja kahA jAtA hai) vAma0 83 / 25, 90 / 13 (yahA~ hayagrIva rahate the), dekhie bhojadeva prathama kA daulatapura dAnapatra (epi0 iNDio, jilda 5, pRSTha 208 evaM 211 ) / ise kuzasthala bhI kahA jAtA thA; epi0 iNDi0 (jilda 7, pRSTha 28 evaM 30) jahA~ yaha vyakta hai ki rASTrakUTa indra tRtIya ne mahodaya kA nAza kiyA thA; kintu gurjara pratIhAra bhojadeva ke barAtAmrapatra meM ( 836-7 I0) mahodaya ko skandhAvAra ( yuddhazibira ) kahA gayA hai aura vahIM kAnyakubja ko pRthak rUpa se vyakta kiyA gayA hai, jisase spaSTa hotA hai ki donoM eka nahIM haiM (epi0 iNDi0, jilda 19, pRSTha 17) / mAMkuNikA (malaya ke pAsa ) vAma0 83 / 16 / mAgadhAraNya - kUrma0 2 / 37/9, vAma0 11 / 7, 84 / 35 / mATharavana -- ( payoSNI ke pAsa) vana0 28 / 10, vAyu 0 77 33, brahmANDa 0 3 / 13 / 33 / mANikyezvara - ( kazmIra meM ) padma0 6 / 176 / 80 mANDavya -- (eka tIrtha jahA~ devI ko mANDavyA kahA gayA hai) matsya0 13 / 42 / mANDavyeza -- ( vArANasI ke antargata ) tI0 kalpa0, pR0 119 /

Page #478
tIrthasUcI mAtalIzvara - ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa 0, pR0 76 ) / mAtaMgakSetra -- (kokAmukha ke antargata ) varAha0 140 1 58-59 ( kauzikI meM milane vAlI eka dhArA ) / mAtA -- zalya0 a0 46, jahA~ bahuta-sI mAtAoM kA varNana hai / mAtRgRha -- ( jahA~ zrAddha se Anantya prApta hotA hai) matsya0 22 / 76 / mAtRtIrtha --- (1) (kurukSetra ke antargata) vana0 83358, padma0 1 / 26 / 54; (2) ( narmadA ke antargata ) kUrma 0 2 / 41 / 40 ; ( 3 ) ( godAvarI ke antargata ) brahma0 112 / 1 / mAdhavatIrtha -- (zrIzaila para ) padma0 6 / 121 / 12 / mAdhavavana -- matsya 0 13 / 37 ( yahA~ para devI sugandhA kahI jAtI hai) / mAnasa -- (1) (himAlaya meM eka jhIla jo kailAsa ke uttara evaM guralA mAndhAtA ke dakSiNa, bIca meM avasthita hai) vana0 130 / 12, brahmANDa0 2 / 18 / 15 evaM matsya0 122 / 16 / 17 ( jisase sarayU nikalatI hai), vAma0 78 3 9011 ( jahA~ viSNu matsya rUpa meM prakaTa hue the ) / dekhie 'kailAsa' ke antargata / svena heDina ne 'TrAMsa- himAlaya' (1913, jilda 3, pRSTha 198) meM likhA hai--' pRthvI para usa kSetra se bar3hakara koI anya sthAna nahIM hai jo mAnasarovara kailAsa evaM guralA mAndhAtA ke nAmoM se vyakta hai, jo hIroM ke bIca vaidU (hare ratnoM) kA gumphana hai|' mAnasa jhIla samudra se 14,950 phuTa UMcI hai; (2) (kubjAmraka ke antargata ) varAha0 126 / 29 ( 3 ) ( mathurA ke pazcima ) varAha0 154 / 25; (4) (gaMgA ke uttara prayAga ke pAsa) matsya0 107 / 2; ( 5 ) ( kazmIra Adhunika mAnasavala) vikramAMkadevacarita 18/55, kazmIra riporTa, pRSTha 9 (6) ( narmadA ke antargata ) matsya0 194 / 8, padma0 1 2118 ( 7 ) ( gayA ke antargata uttara mAnasa evaM dakSiNa mAnasa kuNDa ) vAyu0 111 / 2, 6, 8 evaM 22 / 1471 manuliGga- ( vArA0 ke antargata) liGga0 (tI0 karupa0 pR0 114) / mAnuSa --- ( kurukSetra ke antargata ) padma0 1126 / 60-63, vAma0 35/50-57 / mAyApurI -- (gaMgAdvAra yA haridvAra) matsya0 13 / 34 ( yahA~ devI ko kumArI kahA jAtA hai), 22 / 10, vAyu0 104/75, garur3a 0 118117, skanda 0 4 / 7 / 114 (kecidUcurharidvAra mokSadvAraM tataH pare / gaMgAdvAraM ca kecinmAyApuraM punaH / / ) / mAyA nandyAdigaNa meM AyA hai (pANini 4/2/97), yaha bhArata kI sAta tIrtha nagariyoM meM eka hai| hvenasAMga ne ise moyulo (mAyura) kahA hai| aba gaMgA nahara ke taTa para mAyApura kA avazeSa raha gayA hai| dekhie aiM0 ji0, pRSTha 351-354 / mAyAtortha - - ( kubjAmraka ke antargata evaM gaMgA para ) varAha0 125 / 110, 126 / 33 / mArutAlaya --- ( nabhadA ke antargata) matsya0 191186, kUrma0 2 / 41 / 41 (mAtRtIrtha ke pazcima), padma 0 1 / 18 / 81 / mArkaNDeyatIrtha -- ( 1 ) ( gomatI evaM gaMgA ke saMgama para vArANasI jile meM) vana0 84 / 81, padma0 1132/41-42 / pro0 AyaMgara (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 291 ) kA yaha kathana ki yaha sarayU-gaMgA ke saMgamapara hai, ThIka nahIM hai; (2) (godAvarI ke antargata ) brahma0 145 / 1 / mArkaNDeyahava-- ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa 0, pR067); (2) ( puruSottamatIrtha ke pAsa ) brahma0 56 / 73, 7312, 60 9 (vizeSata: caturdazI para snAna karane se saba pApa kaTa jAte haiM), nArada0 2155/20-22 / mArkaNDeyezvara -- ( 1 ) ( vArANasI ke antargata ) skanda0 4 / 33 / 154-155; (2) ( gayA ke antargata ) agni0 116 11; (3) ( puruSottama ke antargata ) nArada0 2 / 55 / 18-19 / mArIcezvara - ( vArANasI ke antargata ) tI0 kalpa0, pR0 71 /

Page #479
1472 mArjAra -- ( godAvarI ke antargata ) brahma0 84 / 19 / mArtaNDa - ( kazmIra meM sUrya kA mandira ) islAmAbAda ke dharmazAstra kA itihAsa mAhezvarapura - ( jahA~ vRSabhadhvaja arthAt ziva kI pUjA hotI thI ) vana0 84 / 129-130 / mitrapada -- (gaMgA para eka tIrtha ) matsya0 22 / 11 / mitrabana - ( ur3IsA meM koNArka yA sAmbapura ) skanda 0, prabhAsakhaNDa 1 / 10 / 3 ( Aditya ke sthAna tIna haiMmitravana, muNDIra evaM sAmbAditya ) / mitrAvaruNa - ( vArANasI ke antargata ) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 47) / mitrAvaruNayorAzrama - (kArapavana ke pAsa yamunA para eka nadI) zalya 0 54 / 14-15 / mirikAvana- ( mekala ke pAsa ) brahmANDa 0 3 / 70 32 / mizraka -- ( kurukSetra ke antargata ) padma0 1126 / 8586, (vyAsa ne yahA~ sabhI tIrthoM ko milA diyA ) vana 0 83 / 91-92, sambhavataH pANini ( 6 | 3 | 117 ) kA koTarAdigaNa mizraka vana kI ora saMketa karatA hai / mArtaNDapAdamUla - ( gayA ke antargata ) brahma0 (tIrtha- mInAkSI - ( madurA meM mukhya mandira kI devI ) devI bhAga kalpa0, pRSTha 166) / vata0 7138 / 11 / mAlA -- (nadI) sabhAparva 20128 / mAlArka -- ( sAbhramatI ke antargata sUrya kA tIrthasthala ) mukuTA - ( RSyavanta se nirgata nadI) matsya0 114 / 26, 13 / 50, ( yahA~ devI 'satyavAdinI' ke rUpa meM pUjita hotI hai) / muktikSetra - ( zAlagrAma ke antargata ) varAha0 145 / uttara-pUrva pA~ca mIla dUra Adhunika mArtana yA maTana / isakA vikhyAta nAma 'babana' (bhavana) hai / yahA~ se kazmIra kI atyanta sundara zobhA dRSTigata hotI hai| 8vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM rAjA lalitAditya dvArA nirmita mandira Aja bhagnAvazeSa hai| isa mandira kI anukathA ke anusAra vimalA evaM kamalA nAmaka do dhArAe~ eka mIla Upara se nikalatI haiN| dekhie rAja0 4 / 192, nIlamata0 1073 (vimala nAga), sTIna dvArA anUdita rAjataraMgiNI, jilda 1, pR0 141 evaM jilda 2, pRSTha 465-466 / Aine akabarI ( jilda 2, pRSTha 358-359 ) ne maTana kA ullekha kiyA hai / yaha tIrtha aba taka kazmIra ke sarvotkRSTa tIrthoM meM ginA jAtA rahA hai| padma0 6 / 141 / 1 evaM 142 / 1 / mAlinI -- ( nadI, jisa para kaNvAzrama thA ) Adi0 701 21 evaM 72 / 10 / hvenasAMga ke mata se isI nadI para rohilakhaNDa ke pazcima meM mar3Avara nAmaka jilA avasthita thA / dekhie ai0 ji0, pRSTha0 349-350 / mAlyavAn - ( tuMgabhadrA para aneguNDI nAmaka pahAr3I ) rAmA0 3 / 49 / 31, 4 / 27 / 1-4 ( isake uttara prasravaNa nAmaka gaharI guphA meM rAma ne varSA Rtu meM cAra mAsoM taka nivAsa kiyA thA ), vana0 280/26, 282 / 1 (kiSkindhA se bahuta dUra nahIM ) / mAlyavatI - (citrakUTa ke pAsa ) rAmA0 2 / 56 / 38 / mAsezvara -- ( narmadA ke antargata ) padma0 1118 77 / mAhezvara -- ( narmadA ke uttarI taTa para indaura ke pAsa Aja kA nagara ) matsya0 188 2, padma0 1|15|2| immI0 gaje0 (jilda 17, pRSTha 7 ) ke anusAra yaha prAcIna mAhiSmatI hai / 105 / muktimAn - - ( eka parvata) brahmANDa0 3 / 70 32 ( kyA yaha zuktimAn kA nAmAntara hai ? ) / muktisthAna -- ( yathA -- prayAga, naimiSa, kurukSetra, gaMgAdvAra, kAntI, triyambaka, sapta godAvara Adi 26 haiM ) skanda 0 ( kAzIkhaNDa 6 / 21-25) / mucukunda - ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 158|28| mucukundezvara - ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, pRSTha 114) / muMjavAn -- ( himAlaya kI zreNI meM eka parvata) Azvamedhika parva 811 ( jahA~ ziva tapasyA karate haiM), brahmANDa 0 2 / 18 / 20- 21 ( jahA~ ziva rahate haiM aura jahA~ se zailoda jhIla evaM zailodA nadI nikalatI hai), varAha0 213 / 13 (mandara ke uttara meM ) /

Page #480
tIrthasUcI 1473 muMjavaTa-(gaMgA para, jo eka zivasthAna hai) vana pura, prahalAdapura, AdyasthAna (alabarUnI-zacI 85 / 67, padma0 1 / 39 / 63 / 11298) / muNDapRSTha-(1) (gayA meM phalgu ke pazcimI taTa para sthita mUlI--(mahendra se nikalI huI nadI) matsya 0 114 / 31 / eka pahAr3I) karma0 2 / 37139-40, nArada0 mRgakAmA--(mAnasa jhIla se nikalI huI nadI) brahmANDa 2 / 45 / 96, agni0 115 / 22 evaM 43-44, vAyu0 // 1871 / 77.102-103, 108 / 12 evaM 111 / 15, brahmANDa0 mRgadhUma-(yahA~ rudrapada hai) padma0 112694, bana0 3 / 13 / 110-111 / mahAdeva ne yahA~ kaThina tapa kiyA 83 / 101 (yaha gaMgA para hai)| thaa| yaha viSNupada kI pahAr3I ke atirikta koI anya mRgazRMgodaka -(vAgmatI nadI para) varAha0 215 / 64 / sthala nahIM hai| yaha gayAyAtrA kA kendra hai| gayAsura kI mRtyuJjaya (viraja ke antargata) brahma0 42 / 6 / / anukathA ke anusAra isa pahAr3I para usake sira kA mekala--(madhya pradeza kI eka parvatazreNI) narmadA ko pRSThabhAga sthita thaa| (2) (kazmIra meM eka pahAr3I) mekalakanyakA kahA jAtA hai| nIlamata0 1247-1254 / mekalA-padma0 5 / 11 / 34 (kyA yaha nadI hai ? ) / muNDeza--(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, mekalA --rAmAyaNa 4 / 41 / 9, bArha 0 sU0 1417 evaM pRSTha 116) / 16 / 2 meM yaha eka deza kahA gayA hai| murmurA--(agni kI mAtAoM ke rUpa meM sAta nadiyoM meM meghakara--matsya0 22 / 40, padma0 5 / 11 / 34 / eka) vana0 222 / 25 / meghanAda--(narmadA ke antargata) padA, 2 / 92 / 31 / mUjavAn --(1) (eka parvata) R0 (10 // 3411) meM meghaGkara ---(praNItA nadI para eka nagara) padma0 soma ke paudhe ko maujavata kahA gayA hai aura nirukta 6 / 181 / 5 / (9|8)ne vyAkhyA kI hai ki mUjavAn eka parvata hai jisa megharAva--(narmadA ke antargata) padma0 1 / 17 / 4 / para soma ke paudhe utpanna hote haiN| atharvaveda meM mUjavat mekhalA--(meghaMkara nagara kA eka tIrtha) padma0 6. AyA hai aura takmA (roga ke eka duSTAtmA) se 181 / 16, matsya0 22 / 40-41 (isase prakaTa hotA mujavAn evaM bAlhika ke Age cale jAne ko kahA gayA hai ki mekhalA meghakara nagara kA madhya bhAga mAtra hai)| hai| atharvaveda (5 / 22 / 5) meM 'mUjavaMtaH' AyA hai| medhAtithi --(eka pavitra nadI) vana0 222 / 23 / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki bhArata ke uttara-pazcima meM medhAvana- padma0 1139 / 52 (shraaddhsthl)| yaha koI parvata hai| medhAvika-bana0 85 / 55 / mUlatApI-(tApI nadI, jisakA nAma isake udgamasthala merukUTa ---nRsiMha0 65 (tIrthakalpa0, pRSTha 265) / multAI se, jo mUlatApI kA azuddha rUpa hai, par3A hai) meruvara--(vadarI ke antargata) varAha 141 / 32-35 / matsya0 22233 (malatApI payoSNIca) / maltAI mehana-. (nadI) R0 107516 (krama kI eka madhya pradeza ke baitUla jile meM eka grAma hai aura isameM shaayk)| eka pavitra tAlAba hai jisase tApI nikalI hai| dekhie maitreyIliGga--(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI. impI0 gaje0 iNDi0, jilda 18, pRSTha kalpa0, pRSTha 57) / 21 / mainAka ---(1) (badarI ke pAsa eka parvata) vana0 mUlasthAna-(Adhunika mulatAna) malloM kI prAcIna 139 / 17, 145 / 44, anu0 25 / 59, brahmANDa 0 raajdhaanii| aiM0 ji0, pRSTha 220-224 evaM 230- / 3 / 13 / 70, bhAga0 5 / 19 / 16; (2) (gujarAta ke 236 / isake kaI nAma the, yathA-kAzyapapura, sAmba- pAsa pazcima kA parvata) vana0 89 / 11; (3) (sara

Page #481
1474 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa svatI ke pAsa parvata) kUrma0 2 / 37 / 29 / de (pRSTha yamunAtIrNa-zalya0 49 / 11-16 (jahA~ varuNa ne rAja121) evaM pro0 AyaMgara (tI. kalpa0, pRSTha 29) sUya yajJa kiyA thA), matsya0 107 / 23-24 / (sUrya ke anusAra yaha zivAlika kI zreNI hai| dekhie kI putrI ke rUpa meM) padma. 1029 / 6 / pAjiTara (pRSTha 287-288) jinhoMne mainAka nAmaka yamunAsaMgama - varAha0 a0 174 ne isakI mahimA kA tIna parvatoM kI carcA kI hai jo uparyakta se bhinna haiN| parA varNana kiyA hai| mokSakezvara--(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 yamunezvara-(1) (vArA0 ke antargata) liGga (tI0 __ kalpa0, pRSTha 112) / ka0, pR0 66); (2), varAha0 (mathurA ke mokSarAja-(mayurA ke antargata) varAha0 164 / 25 / antargata) 154 / 12 / / momatIrtha--(mayurA ke antargata) varAha0 152 / 61 yayAtipura-(Adhunika yAjapura) ur3IsA meM vaitaraNI (RSitIrya ke dakSiNa meM), tristhalIsetu (pRSTha nado pr| aiM. ji0, pR0 512, aura dekhie epi0 101) / iNDi0, pRSTha 189, jahA~ yayAtinagara ko jAjapura momezvara--(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 kahA gayA hai jo sandehAtmaka hai| kalpa0, pR0 48) / yayAtipatana--vana0 82 / 48, padma0 212 / 8 / modAgiri-(parvata) sabhAparva 30 / 21 / yayAtIzvara--(vArA0 ke antargata) liGga (tI0 ka0, pR0 115) / yakSatIrva-Age calakara isakA nAma haMsatIrtha ho gyaa| yavatIyaM-(narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 191188 / varAha0 144 / 155-156 / yaSTi--(gayA ke antargata) nAradIya0 2 / 47 / 82 / yakSiNI-saMgama -(godAvarI ke antargata brahma0 132 / 1 / de(pRSTha 215)kA kathana hai ki yaha jeThiyA hai jo gayA yajana-vana0 82 / 106 / ke tapovana se uttara lagabhaga domIla kI dUrI para hai| yajJavarAha-yAjJapura yA jAjapura meM, jo ur3IsA meM vaita- yAjJavalkyaliGga-(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 raNI para hai, varAhadeva kA vikhyAta mandira hai| ka0, pR0 47 evaM 88) / yantrezvara-(narmadA ke uttarI taTa para) matsya0 19011 / yAyAtatIrtha-(1) (sarasvatI ke antargata) vAmana0 yamatIrtha--(1) (vArANasI ke antargata) kUrma0 39 / 36; (2) (vArA0 ke antargata) zalya0 41 / 1135 / 6, 2 / 41383; (2) (godAvarI ke antargata) 32, padma0 1137 / 9 / brahma0 125 / 1 evaM 1311; (3) (narmadA ke yugandhara--(1) pANini (4 / 2 / 130) ke anusAra antargata) padma0 113716 / yaha eka deza hai aura kAzikA ne ise zAlvAvayavoM meM yamalArjunakuNDa--(mathurA ke antargata) varAha0 (tI0 eka mAnA hai, ; (2) (parvata) pANini (3 / 2 / 46) kalpa0, pR0 187) / ke mata se, vAma0 34 / 47 / bArha 0 sU0 (32319) yamavyasanaka--(kokAmukha ke antargata) varAha0 140 ne sambhavataH ise kisI deza yA jana-samudAya ke nAma se varNita kiyA hai| yamunA-(nadI) R0 5 / 52 / 17, 7 / 18 / 19, 1075 / yogitIrya --(sUkara ke antargata) varAha0 (tI0 ka0, 5 / yamunA-mAhAtmya ke lie dekhie padma0 6, a0 pR0 210) / 195-197 / plinI ne ise jomanasa kahA hai| yonidvAra-(gayA meM brahmayoni pahAr3I para) vana0 84 // yamunAprabhava-(yamunottarI) kUrma0 2 / 37 / 30, brahmANDa0 94-95, padma0 1138 / 15, nAradIya0 2 / 44 / 76 333171 (jahA~ garma evaM zIta jala kI dhArAe~ haiN)| 77 /

Page #482
tIrvasUcI 1475 girivraja ke nAma se bhI vikhyAta thI aura isI nAma rapacatraka---(eka tIrtha.) padma0 6 / 129 / 9 / se jarAsaMgha kI rAjadhAnI thii| (2) (paMjAba meM) rabaspA--(eka nadI) yaha pANini ke pAraskarAdigaNa padma0 1 / 28 / 13 (yaha eka devIsthAna hai)| (6311157) meM ullikhita hai| mahAbhASya, jilda rAjAvAsa--(kazmIra meM parazurAma dvArA sthApita 3, pR0 96 ne rathaspA nadI kA ullekha kiyA hai| vana0 viSNutIrtha) nIlamata0 1384 evaM 1447 / (170 / 20) ne rathasthA ko gaMgA, yamunA evaM rAjezvara--(zrIparvata ke antargata) liGga. 1192 / 156 / sarasvatI ke bIca meM tathA sarayU evaM gomatI rAdhAkuNDa--(mathurA ke antargata) varAha0 164 / 34 / ke pahale vaNita kiyA hai| rathAkhyA nadI bAha. rAmagiryAzrama-garur3a. 1181, meghadUta 1 evaM 12 sUtra (16 / 15) meM ullikhita hai| dekhie Adi0 (rAmagiri rAmaTeka hai jo nAgapura ke uttara pUrva 170 / 20 / 28 mIla aura nandivardhana nAmaka vAkATaka rAjaratnezvara liGga--(vArA0 ke antargata) sknd04|33| dhAnI se do mIla dUra hai)| 165 / rAmaguhA-(sAnandUra ke antargata) varAha0 150 / 10 / rantuka--(kurukSetra kI eka sImA) vAma0 22151 evaM rAmajanma--(saraka ke pUrva meM) pama0 1 / 26 / 76 / 33 / 2 / rAmatIrtha-(1) (gayA ke antargata) vaayu0108|16-18, rantukAzrama-(sarasvatI para) vAma0 42 / 5 / matsya0 22170, agni0 116 / 13; (2) (zUparika rambhAliGga--(vArA0 ke antargata) liGga0 (tI0 ka0, meM) bana0 85 / 43, zalya0 497 (jahA~ para bhArgava pR0 195) / rAma ne vAjapeya evaM azvamedha yajJoM meM kazyapa ko rambhezvaraliGga-(sarasvatI ke antargata) vAma0 46 / 39 / / pRthivI dakSiNA ke rUpa meM de DAlI thI) dekhie ravistava--(narmadA ke antargata) padma0 1 / 18 / 19 / uSavadAta kA nAsika abhilekha (bambaI gaje0, jilda rasA-(eka nadI) R0 5 / 53 / 9, 10175 / 6 / isakA 16, pR: 570); (3) gaMgA ke antargata) nArada. patA calanA kaThina hai| sambhavataH yaha sindhu meM 2 / 40185; (4)(gomatI para) vana0 84173-74, milatI hai| R0 10 / 108 / 1 se prakaTa hotA hai ki padma0 1 // 32 // 37; (5) (godAvarI meM) brahma0 yaha antaHkathA sambandhI nadI hai| TAmasa mahodaya ne 123 / 1; (6) (mahendra para) padma0 1 / 39 / 14 / ise paMjakorA kahA hai (je0 Ara0 e0 esa0, jilda rAmaliGga--(vArA0 ke antargata) liGga (tI0 kalpa0, 15, pRSTha 161) / pR0 113) / rAghavezvara-matsya0 22 // 60 (yahA~ ke zrAddha se akSaya rAmasara--(sAnandUra ke antargata) varAha0 150 / 14-18 phala prApta hote haiN| (eka kosa ke vistAra meN)| rAjakhaDga--(sAbhramatI para) padma0 6 / 131 / 116 rAmahada-(thAnezvara ke uttara meM pA~ca jhIleM) vana0 evaM 124 / 83 / 26-40, anu0 25 / 47, bhAga0 1084153, rAjagRha-(1) (rAjagira,magadha kI prAcIna rAjadhAnI) padma0 1127 / 23-37 (jahA~ parazurAma ne apane dvArA vana0 841104, vAyu0 108 / 73 (puNyaM rAjagRhaM mAre gaye kSatriyoM ke rakta se pA~ca jhIleM bhara dI thIM vanam),agni0 109|20,naard0 2 / 47 / 74, padma0 aura unake pitaroM ne jinheM unakI prArthanA para pA~ca 1 / 38 / 22 / dekhie aiM. ji. (pRSTha 467-468) evaM tIrthoM meM parivartita kara diyA thA), nIlamata0 13impI0 gaje. iNDi0 (jilda 21 pRSTha 72) jahA~ 87 / 1399 (yaha brahmasara hai, jahA~ bhArgava rAma isake caturdika kI pA~ca pahAr3iyoM kA ullekha hai| yaha ne apane raktaraMjita hAthoM ko dhokara kaThina tapasyA 113

Page #483
1476 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa kI thI) bhAga0 10184153 / ise cakratIrtha bhI agni0 115 / 48; (2) (kurukSetra ke antargata), kahA jAtA hai| papa0 226 / 94 / rAmAdhivAsa-- (yahA~ kA zrAddha evaM dAna anaMta phaladAyaka vanaprayAga-(gar3havAla jile meM mandAkinI evaM alakA hotA hai) matsya0 22 / 53 / nandA ke saMgama para) impI0 gaje0 iNDi0, jilda rAmezvara--(1) (jyotiliGgoM meM eka jise svayaM rAma ne 21, pRSTha 338 / sthApita kiyA thA) matsya 0 22 / 50, kUrma0 2 / 30 / rudramahAlaya--- (vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI. 23 (rAmezvara meM snAna karane se brahmahatyA kA pApa kalpa0, pRSTha 68), devala0 (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 250) / dhula jAtA hai), garur3a0 1181 / 9 / dekhie tIrthasAra, rudramahAlayatIrtha---(sAbhramatI ke antargata) paya0 6 / pRSTha 47, jisane viSNu0, kUrma0 evaM agni0 se 139 / 1 / vacana uddhRta kiye haiN| yaha pAmabana dvIpa meM sthita rudravAsa---- (vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, hai| sampUrNa bhArata meM yaha pratiSThita tIrthasthaloM meM hai| pRSTha 62) / dekhie impI0 gaje0 iNDi0, jilda 21, pR0 173- rudrAvarta---(sugandhA ke pazcAt) vana0 84 / 37 / 175, jahA~ isake mahAmandira kA saMkSipta varNana hai; harukhaNDa-(zAlagrAma ke antargata) varAha. 145 // (2) (zrIparvata ke antargata) liGga. 192 / 149 105; adhyAya 146 meM isake nAma kI vyAkhyA kI (svayaM viSNu ne ise sthApita kiyA thaa)| gayI hai| rAvaNezvaratIrya-(1) (narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 rUpadhArA--(irAvatI para viSNu kI AkRti) vAma. 191 / 26; (2) (vArA0 ke antargata) liGga 905 / (tI0 ka0, pR0 98) / reNukAtIrtha--vana0 82 / 82, padma0 1124130 evaM rukmiNIkuNDa yA rukmikuNDa ---(gayA ke antargata) vAyu0 27 / 47 / de (pR0 168) kA kathana hai ki yaha paMjAba 108 / 57, agni0 116 // 5 // meM nAhana se uttara lagabhaga 16 mIla dUra hai| nAhana rucikezvaraka--liGga 11921167 / siramUra riyAsata kI rAjadhAnI thaa| rudrakanyA-(narmadA ke antargata) padma0 1 / 2076 / reNukASTaka--- (sarasvatI para) vAma0 41 / 5 / rudrakara--(kurukSetra ke antargata) vAma0 46 / 11 / reNukAsthAna--(devI ke sthAnoM meM eka) devIbhAgavata rudrakarga--(vArANasI ke antargata) matsya0 181 / 25 / 7 / 3815 (sambhavataH ratnagiri jile meM parazurAma rajakarNahada--(vArANasI ke antargata) padma0 pr)| 1137 / 15 / retodaka---(kedAra ke antargata) devIpurANa (tIrthakhakoTi--(1) (kurukSetra evaM sarasvatI ke anta ta) . kalpa0, pR0 230) / vana0 82 / 111-124, vAma0 46 / 51, padma0 1 / 25 / revatIsaMgama--- (godAvarI ke antargata) brahma0 12121 25-30, kUrma0 2 / 36 / 1-8 (jahA~ hara ne muniyoM kI evaM 22 / parAjaya ke lie eka karor3a rudrAkRtiyA~ dhAraNa kI); revantezvara--(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 (2) (vArANasI ke antargata) matsya0 181 / 25, kalpa0, pR0 96) / (3) (narmadA ke antargata) pdm01|13|12, revA---(narmadA) dekhie isake pUrva kA adhyAya / vana0 17 / 103, matsya0 186 / 16-17 / revataka--(giranAra ke sammukha jUnAgar3ha kI pahAr3I) ruddhagayA-(kolhApura ke pAsa) padma0 6 / 176 / 41 / / Adi0 21818 (prabhAsa ke pAsa) evaM adhyAya 219 khapada-(1) (gayA ke antargata) vAyu0 111164-67, (vRSNyandhakoM dvArA utsava manAye jAte the), sabhA

Page #484
tIryasUcI parva 14 / 50, varAha0 149/66, skanda0 7 2 1168 (vastrApatha meM somanAtha ke pAsa udayanta pahAr3I kA pazcimI bhAga), matsya 0 22|74 / raivataka arthAt Adhunika giranAra, jainoM kA eka ati pavitra sthala hai / kintu Adhunika dvArakA isase lagabhaga 110 mIla dUra hai / mUla dvArakA, jo samudra dvArA bahA dI gayI, apekSAkRta samIpa meM thI / pAjiTara mahodaya (pRSTha 289) ko do dvArakAoM kA patA nahIM thA, ataH unhoMne kAThiyAvAr3a ke pazcima koNa meM hAlAra meM baradA pahAr3I ko raivataka kahA hai| skandagupta ke jUnAgar3ha zilAlekha (455 - 458 I0 ) meM palAzinI nado ko vaTaka ke sAmane Urjayat se nirgata kahA gayA hai (sI0 AI0 AI0, jilda 3, pRSTha 64) / roSasvatI -- (nadI) bhAga0 5 / 19 / 18 | rohItaka -- (parvata) sabhAparva 3204 | la lakSmaNatIrtha - - ( 1 ) ( godAvarI ke antargata ) brahma 0 123 / 215; (2) (setu ke antargata ) skanda 0 3, brahmakhaNDa 52 / 106-7 ( isa tIrtha para kevala muNDana hotA hai) / yaha tIrtha eka nadI para hai, jo kurga kI dakSiNI sImA para sthita brahmagiri se nikalatI hai aura kAverI meM milatI hai; impI0 gaje0 iNDi0, jilda 16, pRSTha 131 / lakSmaNAcala - nArada0 2|75/74 / lakSaNezvara-- ( vArANasI ke antargata ) nArada 0 2 / 49 | 64 / lakSmI-tIyaM -- ( godAvarI ke antargata) brahma 013 / 67|1 | lapeTikA -- (nadI) vana0 85/15 / lavaNA - ( nadI, jo pArA aura sindhu ke saMgama para sthita padmAvatI nagara se hokara bahatI hai) dekhie mAlatImAdhava, aMka 9, zloka 2 / lavarNakatIrtha - ( sarasvatI para ) padma0 1 / 26 / 48 / lAvikA - (campA ke pAsa ) padma0 1|38|71 1477 lalitaka -- ( santanu kA tIrtha ) vana0 84 34, padma0 1 / 28 / 34, nArada 0 2166 / 37 / lalitA - - ( vArA0 meM) nArada 0 2049 / 41, liGga0 (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 96 ), matsya 0 22 / 11 ne ullekha kiyA hai, kintu lagatA hai yaha kahIM gaMgA para thA / lAMgalinI - (nadI) sabhA0 9 / 22 mArkaNDeya 54 / 29 ( lAgulinI, jo mahendra se nikalI hai), vAma0 83 | 14 ( tI0 kalpa0, pR0 235 ) / gaMjAma jile kA cikAkola kasabA, lAMgulya ke bAyeM taTa para isake mukha se cAra mIla kI dUrI para hai / impI0 gaje0 iNDio, jilda 10, pRSTha 217 / lAMgalI - liGga - ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tIo kalpa0, pRSTha 105) / lAMgalatIrtha -- ( narmadA ke antargata) padma0 1|18| 51 / liGgasAra -- ( narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 191 / 51 / liGgI janArdana -- ( narmadA ke antargata) kUrma 0 242 61 / lokoddhAra - vana0 83 / 45, padma0 1126 / 41 / lokapAla --- ( badarI ke antargata ) varAha0 141 / 28-31 / lokapAlezvara -- ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 105) / loNArakuNDa - (viSNugayA meM ) padma0 6 176/41 / loNAra barAra ke buDhAnA jile meM namaka kI jhIla hai| yahAM dantakathA ke anusAra usa loNAsura nAmaka rAkSasa kA nivAsa thA jise viSNu ne hraayaa| yaha bahuta prAcIna sthala hai aura bar3I zraddhA kA pAtra hai / Aine akabarI (jilda 2, 230-231) ne isakA varNana kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki brAhmaNa loga ise viSNugayA kahate haiM / yaha barAra ke madhyakAlIna prasiddha mandiroM meM ginA jAtA hai jise daityasUdana kahate haiM / yaha vaiSNava tIrtha hai| dekhie vikTara kajinsa kI pustaka 'miDievala Tempulsa A~va di Dakkansa' ( 1931, pRSTha 68-72 ) jahA~ isa mahAmandira kA varNana hai aura sAtha hI sAtha eka jhIla ke cAroM

Page #485
1478 ora bahuta se mandiroM kA ullekha hai jo kisI jvAlAmukhI ke avazeSa para sthita hai| lolArka -- ( vArA0 ke antargata) matsya0 185/68 (banArasa ke pA~ca mukhya tIrthoM meM eka ), kUrma 0 1 / 35 / 14, padma0 1|37|17 ( yahA~ lokArka pATha AyA hai ), vAma0 15 / 58-59 / lohakUTa - nArada0 260 24 / lohajaMghavana - ( mathurA ke 12 vanoM meM 9va) varAha0 153 / 41 / lohavaNDa- 4-matsya0 22 / 65, vAma0 90 / 29 ( yahA~ viSNu hRSIkeza ke rUpa meM haiM / yahA~ para zrAddha atyaMta phaladAyaka hotA hai) / lohArgala - (himAlaya meM eka viSNusthAna ) varAha0 140 / 5 (yahA~ mleccha rAjA rahate haiM), 144 / 10, 15111-83 / zloka 7-8 meM AyA hai ki siddhavaTa se tIsa yojana mlecchoM ke bIca lohArgala hai / varAha0 151 / 13-14 meM isake nAma kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai aura 151 / 79 meM kahA gayA hai ki usakA vistAra 25 yojana hai| dekhie tIrthakalpa0, pRSTha 228-229 / de (pRSTha 115) ne kalpanA kI hai ki yaha kumAyU~ lohAghATa hai| dharmazAstra kA itihAsa lohita - ( zoNa) anu0 166 / 23; brahmANDa0 (2 / 16 27) meM lohita ko sambhavataH brahmaputra kahA gayA hai| lohita-gaMgaka- (lauhitya) kAlikA 0 86 / 32-34 / laukika - ( vArA0 ke antargata ) kUrma0 1 / 35 / 13 / lauhitya - (brahmaputra nadI) vana0 85 / 2, vAyu0 47 11, 77/95, matsya0 121 / 11-12 ( yaha vaha nada hai jo hemazRMga parvata ke caraNa sthita lohita jhIla se nikalA hai) anu0 25/46, padma0 1 / 39 / 2, vana0 52/54, kAlikA 0 86 / 26 34 / raghuvaMza (4181 ) se prakaTa hotA hai ki lohitya prAgjyotiSa kI pazcimI sImA para thI / dekhie tIrthaprakAza, pRSTha 601-602, jahA~ mAhAtmya varNita hai / lauhitya nAma yazovarmana ke zilAlekha (lagabhaga 532-33 I0) meM pAyA jAtA hai, dekhie guptoM ke abhilekha (pRSTha 142 evaM 146 ) / va vaMzagulma -- ( narmadA evaM zoNa ke udgama para ) vana0 8519 / vaMzaSarA - ( mahendra se nikalI huI eka nadI) vAyu0 45/106, mArkaNDeya 0 54 / 29 ( vaMzaMkarA nAma AyA hai) evaM varAha0 85 (padma) ne 'vaMzavarA' par3hA hai / pArjiTara ( pR0 305 ) ne kahA hai ki yaha Adhunika baMzadharA hai, jahA~ cikAkola se 17 mIla dUra kaliMgapattanam avasthita hai| dekhie saMta-bommalI nAmaka indravarmA kA dAnapatra jo kaliMganagara meM likhA gayA thA (epi0 iNDi0, jilda 25, pR0 194) / vaMzamUlaka -- padma0 1 / 26 / 38 / vaMzovameva- --- matsya0 24 / 25 / baMzu - ( Adhunika Aksasa) sabhA0 51 / 20 ( yahA~ bheMTa ke rUpa meM rAsabha lAye gaye the ) / vaJjarA-- (nadI, godAvarI ke dakSiNI taTa para ) brahma0 159 / 45 / yaha sambhavataH Adhunika bhaJjarA nadI hai, jo nAnder3a jile meM godAvarI meM milatI hai| vaJjarAsaMgama - ( godAvarI ke antargata ) brahma0 159 / 1 / vaJjulA - (1) (nadI, jo sahya se nikalakara godAvarI meM milatI hai) matsya 0 114 / 29, vAyu0 45/103, vAmana0 57 / 76; (2) ( mahendra se nirgata) brahma0 27 // 37 // vaTa - (1) (prayAga meM) matsya0 104 / 10, 111|10 ; (2) (gayA meM) vi0 dha0 sU0 8515 / vaTezvara-- ( 1 ) ( narmadA para ) matsya0 191 / 27, kUrma 2 / 41 / 19, padma0 1 28/27, agni0 109/20 ; ( 2 ) ( gayA meM ) agni0 115 / 73, padma0 1|38|46, nArada 0 2/47/59 (3) (prayAga meM) matsya0 22/9; (4) ( purI meM) nArada0 11 / 56 / 28 | vaDavA --- ( ise saptacaru bhI kahA jAtA hai ) vana0 82 / 892-99, 222 / 24, vi0 0 sU0 85 / 37 / 'vaijayantI' nAmaka TIkA ke mata se yaha dakSiNa bhArata kA tIrtha hai, kintu vana0 ne ise uttara-pUrva meM kahA

Page #486
exes hai / de ( pR0 220 ) ne ise kaispiyana samudra ke pazcimI taTa para 'bAkU' mAnA hai| vatsIjanaka -- ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 156 / 1 / bhava -- (kokAmukha ke antargata ) varAha0 140/61 yajJa kiyA thA aura yaha tIrtha sabhI nadiyoM meM zreSTha thA) / kUrma0 2120/32, vAma0 90 |4; (9) ( godAvarI ke antargata ) brahma0 79 / 6 / varAhaparvata - ( sambhavata: kazmIra kA viSNudharmasUtra 85/6 | bArAmUlA ) ( jala kauzikI meM jAtA hai) / vanezvara - ( vArANasI ke antargata ) liMga0 (tIrtha- varAhamUlakSetra yA varAhezvara - ( kazmIra meM Adhunika kalpa0, pR0 104) / vadhUsarA - ( nadI, jisameM snAna karake parazurAma ne rAma dvArA chIna lI gayI zakti punaH prApta kI thI) bArAmUlA) yaha kazmIra kI ghATI ke Upara vitastA ke dAhine taTa para sthita hai aura AdivarAha kA tIrthasthala hai| rAja0 6 186, ha0 ci0 12/43, kazmIra riporTa ( pR0 11 12) evaM sTIna-smRti ( pR0 201 202 ) / varAhasthAna - (viSNu ke varAhAvatAra ke lie tIna sthala prasiddha haiM, yathA-- kokAmukha, badarI evaM lohArgala ) varAha0 140/4-5 / tIrthasUcI vana0 99 / 68 / vandanA -- (nadI) bhISma0 9 / 18 | varaNA - ( vArANasI kI uttarI sImA kI nadI ) matsya0 22 / 31, 183 / 62 dekhie gata adhyAya 13 -- kAzI, liMga0 ( 1 / 92 / 87 ), jahA~ 'varuNA' zabda AyA hai / varaNAvatI - ( nadI ) atharvaveda 4 / 717 | varadA (vidarbha pradeza kI vardhA nadI) rAmA0 4|4|19, agni0 109 / 22, nalacampU 6 / 66 / dekhie 'varadAsaMgama' ke antargata | varadAna - vana0 82 / 63-64, padma0 1 / 24 / 12 ( donoM meM durvAsA dvArA viSNu ko diye gaye vara kI gAthA kA ullekha hai) / varadAsaMgama --- vana0 85 / 35 padma0 1 / 39 / 32 // varAhRtIrtha -- (1) (kurukSetra ke antargata) vAma0 34| 32, padma0 1 / 26 / 15; (2) (vArA0 ke antargata ) padma0 1 / 37 / 6, kUrma0 1 / 35 / 5; ( 3 ) ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 166 / 23 ( varAha kI cAra suvarNAkRtiyA~ yA sone kI pratimAeM yahA~ thIMnArAyaNa, vAmana, rAghava evaM varAha); (4) kazmIra meM vitastA para ) nIlamata0 1559 ( 5 ) ( sahyAmalaka kA eka upatIrtha ) nRsiMha 0 66 / 34; (6) ( sAbhramatI ke antargata ) padma0 6 / 165 / ( 7 ) ( narmadA ke antargata ) matsya 0 193 / 74, kUrma0 2 / 42 / 14, padma0 1120/71 ; ( 8 ) ( payoSNI para) vana0 8817 evaM 9 ( yahA~ para rAjA nRga ne 10 ; varAhezvara - ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga 0 ( tI0kalpa 0, pR0 98 ) / varuNasrotasa - (parvata) vana0 88 / 10 / varuNA - ( godAvarI kI eka sahAyaka nadI ) / padma0 6 / 176 / 59 / varNAzA-- ( banAsa nadI, rAjasthAna meM, jo pAriyAtra se nikala kara cambala meM milatI hai) brahmANDa 0 2 / 16 / 28 | dekhie 'parNAzA' / varNa-- (nadI) pANini ( 4 |2| 103 ) | kAzikA meM vyAkhyA hai ki 'varNa' para sthita deza bhI 'varNa' hai / 'varNa' suvAstvAdi-gaNa meM AyA hai ( pANini 4 / 2 / 77) / varuNeza - ( 1 ) ( vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 66 ); (2) (narmadA ke antargata) matsya 0 1916 / vasiSThatIyaM - matsya0 22 / 68 ( yahA~ zrAddha evaM dAna atyanta phaladAyaka hotA hai ) / vasiSThAzrama - (1) (kazmIra meM jyeSThezvara ke pAsa ) rAja0 1 / 107 (sTIna kI TippaNI, jilda 1, pR0 20-21), nIlamata0 1323; (2) ( arbuda parvata para) vana 102 | 3; (3) ( badarIpAcana para )

Page #487
148. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa vana0 (102 / 3), jahAM AyA hai ki vasiSThAzrama meM vAtodakA--(nadI, pANDya deza meM) bhAga0 4 / 28 / 5 / kAleyoM ne 188 brAhmaNoM evaM 9 tApasoM ko khA vAmana yA vAmanaka- (kurukSetra ke antargata) vana0 ddaalaa| isa sthAna ke viSaya meM sandeha hai| 84 / 130, vana0 83 / 103, agni 109 / 20, padma0 vasiSTheza- -(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, 026 / 96 (vAmanaka), 1138547; (2) (gayA ke pR0 47) / antargata) nAradIya0 2 / 46 / 46; (3) (sAbhramatI vasiSThApavAha - (sarasvatI para) zalya0 42 / 41 / ke antargata) padma0 6 / 153 / 2 (jahA~ sAta nadiyA~ varSanadruma---(kazmIra meM, vinAyaka gAMgeya kA eka bahatI haiN)| dekhie iNDiyana eNTIkverI, jilda Ayatana) nIlamata0116 / 54 (anta meM) pR0 41, jahA~ yaha kahA gayA hai ki vasordhArA--vana0 82 / 76, padma0 1 / 24 / 24 (isane jUnAgar3ha ke dakSiNa-pazcima 8 mIla dUra vaMthalI 'vasuvArA' par3hA hai) mahAbhArata kA vAmana-tIrtha hai| vastrApathakSetra ---(kAThiyAvAr3a meM giranAra ke Asa-pAsa vAmanezvara ---(narmadA ke antargata) padma0 1 / 18 / 26 / kI bhUmi ) skanda0 7 / 2 / 2 / 1-3 (yaha prabhAsa kA vAlakhilyezvara --(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 sAra-tattva hai, ise raivataka kSetra kahA jAtA hai), 7 / 2- klp0,1066)| 11 / 16 (yaha vistAra meM cAra yojana hai)| yahA~ vAyavyatIrtha- (kubjAmraka ke antargata) varAha0 suvarNarekhA nadI hai| 126 / 75 / vasutuMga---(yahA~ viSNu kI gupta upAdhi 'jagatpati' hai) vAyutIrtha--(1) (vArA0 ke antargata) kUrma0 11 nRsiMha0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 251) / 35 / 5, padma0 1 / 375; (2) (mathurA ke antargata) vAgIzvarI--(godAvarI ke antargata) brahma0 135 / varAha0 152 / 65; (3) (gayA ke antargata) 26 / agni0 116 / 5 / vAgmatI--(nadI, himAlaya se nikalI huI nepAla kI vAlIzvara--(vArA ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, vAgmatI nadI) varAha0 (215 / 49) kA kathana hai pR0 51) / . ki yaha bhAgIrathI se 100 gunI pavitra hai| vAlmIkezvara --(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 vAgmatI-maNivatI-saMgama--varAha0 215 / 106 evaM kalpa0 pR0 66) / 110 / vAlmIki-Azrama -- (gaMgA para) rAmA0 7 / 47 / 15, vATikA---(kazmIra meM) nIlamata0 1459 / 77 / dekhie 'sthANutIrtha' evaM 'tamasA' ke antrgt| vATodakA--(pANDya deza meM nadI) bhAga0 4 / 28 / - vAnaraka ---(gayA ke antargata) agni0 116 / 6 / yaha __ 'cAnarake' kA azuddha rUpa ho sakatA hai| vATanadI--matsya0 22 // 37 (yahA~ ke zrAddha se akSaya vAraNezvara --(narmadA ke antargata) padma0 1 / 18 / 29 / phala milatA hai)| vArANasI---dekhie pichalA adhyAya 13 / yadyapi vArAvANI-saMgama --(godAvarI ke antargata) brahma0 135 // NasI evaM kAzI donoM samAnArthaka kahe jAte haiM, kintu 1evaM 23 / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kAzI gaMgA ke pUrva bhAga meM vAtezvara--(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0 evaM vArANasI pazcima bhAga meM hai| pR0 66) / vAridhAra--(parvata) bhAgavata0 5 / 19 / 16 / bAtezvarapura--padma0 1138 / 46 / vAruNatIrtha-bana0 83.164, 88 / 13 (pANDya deza vAtika-(kazmIra meM) nIlamata0 1459 / meM) bAI 0 3 / 88 (pUrvI samudra ke kinAroM pr)|

Page #488
tIrthasUcI 1481 pAraNezvara-(1) (vArA ke antargata) liMga0 (tI. vijayaliGga-(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI. ka0, pR0103); (2) (narmadA ke antargata) paya0 kalpa0, pR0 112) / 1 / 18 / 6 / vijayeza--(kazmIra meM) nIlamata0 1240, 'rAja bArbanI--(nadI, jo pAriyAtra se nikalakara samudra meM 1138, sTInasmRti pR0 173-kazmIra ke antargata giratI hai) padma0 6 / 131156, 68, 6 / 164 / 1 prasiddha tIrthoM meM ek| yaha cakradhara ke Upara do mIla evaM 71, mArka0 57 / 19; vAyu0 (45 / 97) ne se kama hI dUra hai| ise 'vRtraghnI' par3hA hai aura brahma (27 / 28) ne vijayezvara--(1) (kazmIra meM) rAja0 11105 evaM 'vaatghnii'| 113; (2) (vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 bAsuka-(ur3IsA meM viraja ke antargata) brahma0 42 / 6 / ka0, pR076)| vAsukitIrtha-(1) (vArA0 ke antargata) padma0 1 // vijvarezvara-(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI. 39 / 79 liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 48); (2) (prayAga kalpa0, pR0 43) / ke antargata) vana0 85 / 86 (ise bhogavatI bhI viTaGkA--(narmadA ke sAtha saMgama) padma0 2|92|khaa jAtA hai)| 23 // pAsukIzvara- (vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 vitaMsA--(himAlaya se nikalane vAlI dasa mahAn nadiyoM ka0, pR0 48) / meM eka)milinda-prazna meM ullikhita (esa0 bI0 I0, vAsuprada- matsya0 22 / 72 (yahA~ ke zrAddha se parama pada jilda 35, pR0 171) / de (pR042) ne binA kisI milatA hai)| tarka ke ise vitastA kaha diyA hai| vAsiSThI-vana0 84 / 48, padma0 1 // 32 // 12 (donoM vitastA--(kazmIra meM eka nadI jo aba jhelama ke nAma hI zloka, kinta padma0 meM 'vAsiSThama' pATha se prasiddha hai| R0 10755, dekhie 'kazmIra' evaM AyA hai)| 'takSaka nAga' ke antargata, vana082188-90 (vitastA brAhA-vAmana0 57178 / takSaka nAga kA ghara hai), 139 / 20, kUrma0 2 / 44 / 4, bAhinI-bhISma0 9 // 34 // vAmana0 90 / 7, nIlamata0 45 / 305-306 (umA bAsiSTha-kuNDa - -(lohArgala ke antargata) varAha0 151 / / vitastAho gayIM),306-341 / zaMkara ne apane trizUla 40 / devaprayAga meM alakanandA para eka vasiSThakUNDa se eka vitasti arthAt bAraha aMgula kA cheda kara hai| dekhie impI0 gaje0 iNDi0, jilda 11, pR0 diyA aura satI nadI ke samAna bulabulA chor3atI huI 274 / nikala aayii| isI lie vitasti zabda se vitastA vikIrNa tIrtha-(sAbhramatI ke antargata pdm06|133|7|| nAma pdd'aa| rAja0 (5 / 97-100) meM AyA hai ki vijaya--(eka liGga) matsya0 22 / 73, kUrma svayaM jJAna grahaNa karane vAle evaM mahAn abhiyantA 2 / 35 / 21 / (injIniyara) sUrya ne kazmIra ke rAjA avantivarmA vijayezvara--(kazmIra ke paragane vulara meM Adhunika ke rAjyakAla meM vitastA kA bahAva evaM sindhu se isake vijabrora) ha. ci0 10 / 191-195 (ise' yahA~ milana kA sthala parivartita kara diyaa| dekhie sTIna mahAkSetra kahA gayA hai) Aine akabarI (jilda 2, dvArA anUdita rAja0 (jilda 2, pR0 329-336)evaM 50356) ne isakI ora saMketa kiyA hai| vitastA je0 sI0 caTarjI kI TippaNI 'kAnphluensa Ava di isake pUrva aura uttara hai, gambhIrA isake pazcima aura vistatA aiNDa di sindhu' (1906 I0) jisameM sTIna vizvavatI dakSiNa kI or| kA mata khaNDita kiyA gayA hai|

Page #489
1482 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa vitastA-gambhIrA-saMgama-sTIna-smRti, pR0 101 evaM vidyAtIrSa-(ise sandhyA bhI kahate haiM) vana0 84152, 110 / padma0 132 / 16 / vitastA-madhumatI saMgama-nIlamata0 1442 / vidyAdharezvara--- (vArA0 ke antargata) kUrma0 1135 / vitastA-sindhu-saMgama---(matabheda ke rUpa se atyaMta punIta) 11, padma0 1130 / 14 / rAja0 41391, vana0 82 / 97-100, nIlamata0 vivara--(parvata) devala (tI0 ka0, pR0 250) / kyA 394-395 / ina donoM nadiyoM kA saMgama kazmIra yaha vidUra hai ? ke logoM ke lie utanA hI punIta hai jitanA prayAga vizezvara-(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, kA sNgm| vitastAtra--(kazmIra meM verInAga dhArA ke uttara-pazcima vidhIzvara--(vArA ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, meM eka mIla dUra vithavutura nAmaka dhArA) rAja. pR0 116) / 1 / 102-103 / aisA kahA jAtA hai ki azoka ne vinazana--(jahA~ ambAlA evaM sarahinda kI vizAla yahA~ bahuta-se stUpa banavAye the / janazruti hai ki marubhUmi meM sarasvatI antahita ho jAtI hai| yaha isa dhArA se vitastA kI mukhya dhArA nikalI hai| nAma brAhmaNa yuga meM visyAta thA; vana0 82 / 111, dekhie sTIna-smRti, pR0 182 / 13013-4, zalya0 37 / 1 (zUdrAbhIrAn prati dveSAd vidarbhAsaMgama ---(godA0 ke antargata) brahma0 121 / 1 / / yatra naSTA sarasvatI), kUrma0 2 / 37 / 29, brahmANDa 0 evaM 22, hemacandra kI abhidhAnacintAmaNi (pRSTha 3 / 13 / 69 / manu0 (2 / 21) ne ise madhya deza kI 182) ke anusAra vidarbhA kuNDinapura kA eka pUrvI sImA mAnA hai| devala (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 250) nAma hai| ne ise sArasvata tIrthoM meM parigaNita kiyA hai| mahAvivizA-(1) (pAriyAtra se nikalI huI nadI) brahma bhASya (jilda 1, pR0 475, pANini 21410 para 27 / 29, brahmANDa0 2 / 16 / 28, mArka0 54 / 20 / / evaM jilda 3, pR0 174, pANini 6 / 3 / 109 para) dekhie 'vetravatI' Age; (2) raghuvaMza (15 / 36) meM ne ise 'Adarza' kahA hai aura AryAvarta kI pUrvI sImA varNita eka nagara (rAma ne zatrudhna ke putroM, zatrugha.tI mAnA hai| kAzikA (pANini 4 / 2 / 124) ne Adarza evaM subAhu ko madhurA evaM vidizA kI nagariyAM ko eka janapada kahA hai| vinazana kI vAstavika pahadI); meghadUta (1 / 24) ke anusAra vidizA dazArNa cAna ajJAta hai, jaisA ki olThama ne kahA hai, kintu deza kI rAjadhAnI thii| mAlavikAgnimitra (5 / 1) olDhama ne kalpanA kI hai ki yaha sirasA se bahuta meM AyA hai ki agnimitra vidizA nadI para Ananda dUra nahIM hai (je0 Ara0 e0 esa0, 1893, kA upabhoga kara rahA thA aura Age calakara kahA pR0 52) / gayA hai ki vaidizasya (vaidiza kA artha hai vidizA vinAyaka-kuNDa--(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 para sthita eka nagara) agnimitra ko puSyamitra ne patra kalpa0, pR0 53) / bhejA thaa| dekhie lagabhaga 609 I0 ke kaTacchUri vinAyakezvara-(vArA0 ke antargata) skanda0 4133 // buddharAja dvArA diye gaye var3anera ke dAnapatra (vaidiza- 126 / vAsakAd vijaya-skandhAvArAt, epi0 iNDi0, vindhya-(bhAratavarSa kI sAta mahAn parvata zreNiyoM meM jilda 12, pR0 30) / eka) vana0 31332, bhISma0 9 / 11, vAyu0 77134, vidyAdhara-(gaNDakI evaM zAlagrAma ke antargata) varAha0 matsya0 13 // 39, bhAga0 5 / 19 / 16 / yaha TaoNlemI 145 / 62 (pR0 77) kA oiNDiyana hai|

Page #490
tI sUcI vindhyavAsinI - ( devIsthAna ) matsya0 13/39, devI bhAga0 8|38|8 / vipratIrtha -- ( godA0 ke antargata ) brahma0 167 / 1 evaM 33 ( nArAyaNa bhI kahA gayA hai ) / vipAzA -- ( paJjAba meM vipAT yA byAsa nadI, yUnAnI lekhakoM kI haisisa yA hiksisa ) R0 3 / 33 / 113, 4|30| 11 | nirukta 9 / 26) ne R0 10/75/5 kI vyAkhyA meM kahA hai ki vipAzA Arambhika rUpa meM uJjarA kahalAtI thI, phira ArjIkIyA kahalAyI aura jaba vasiSTha apane ko rassiyoM se bA~dhakara isameM gira par3e jaba ki ve bahuta dukhI the, to ve nadI ke Upara rassiyoM se vihIna hokara nikle| pANini (4/2/14 ) ne isake uttara ke pahAr3oM ke sAtha isakA ullekha kiyA hai; Adi0 ( 177/1-5) ne bhI vasiSTha dvArA AtmahatyA karane ke prayatna kI ora saMketa kiyA hai / vana0 13018-9 ( yahA~ vipAzA zabda AyA hai)| (anu0 ( 3 / 12-13 ) ne bhI isa kathAnaka kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| dekhie rAmAyaNa 2 / 68 / 19, vAyu0 7916, nAradIya0 2 / 60 / 30 / vimala --- ( kazmIra meM mArtaNDa mandira ke pAsa prasiddha dhArA) dekhie mArtaNDa, Upara / vimala - - na0 82/87 ( jahA~ cA~dI aura sone ke raMgoM vAlI machaliyA~ pAyI jAtI haiM), padma0 1|24| 35 ( donoM meM eka hI zloka hai) / vimalA -- ( eka nagarI) padma0 4 / 17 / 67 ( avantI evaM kAMcI ke samAna yaha bahuta-sI hatyAoM ke pApoM ko naSTa karatI hai) / vimalAzoka - vana0 64 / 69-70, padma0 1 / 22/23 (donoM meM eka hI zloka hai) / vimaleza -- ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI 0 kalpa0, pR0 56) / vimalezvara ---- ( 1 ) ( narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 190 | 14, 194 / 38-39, 228, kUrma 0 2 / 4115 evaM 2 / 42 / 26, padma0 1 / 17 / 11; ( 2 ) ( sarasvatI ke antargata) vAma0 34 / 15, padma0 6 / 131 / 50 / 114 1483 vimocana vana0 83 / 161, padma0 1127149 / vibhANDezvara - ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 115 ) / viraja-- ( 1 ) ( ur3IsA meM jAjapura ke caturdik kI bhUmi ) vana0 85/6 (2) tIrthendu zekhara (pRSTha 6 ) ke anusAra yaha loNAra deza evaM jhIla hai jo barAra meM - bulaDhAnA jile meM hai; (3) ( godA0 evaM bhImA ke pAsa sahya parvata para ) brahma0 161 / 3 / virajamaNDala -- ( oDra deza kI uttarI sImA) brahma0 281-2 / virajatIrtha (ur3IsA meM vaitaraNI nadI para ) vana0 85/6, padma0 112916, 1145128-29 ( yaha AdityatIrtha hai ), brahma0 42 / 1 (viraje virajA mAtA brahmANI sampratiSThitA), vAma0 22 / 19 ( brahmA kI dakSiNa vedI) brahmANDa0 3 / 13 / 57/ dekhie tI0 pra0 ( pR0 598-599 ) viraja kSetra ke lie, jo ur3IsA meM jAjapura ke nAma se vikhyAta hai / virajA -- ( ur3IsA meM nadI ) kUrma0 2 / 35 / 25-26, bAma 0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 235 ) / virajAdri-- ( gayA ke antargata) vAyu 0 106 85 ( isI para gayAsura kI nAbhi sthira thI) / virUpAkSa --- (1) (hampI ) padma0 5 / 17 103, skanda 0 brahmakhaNDa 62 / 102; (2) ( vArA0 ke antargata ) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, pRSTha 102 ) / vizalyA -- (1) (nadI) vana0 84|14; (2) (narmadA ke antargata) matsya 0 186 / 43 evaM 46-48 ( vizalyakaraNI bhI kahI jAtI hai), kUrma0 2 / 40 / 27, padma 0 1 / 13 / 39, brahmANDa 0 3 / 13 / 12 / vizAkhayUpa - ( kurukSetra ke pAsa ) vana0 90/15, 177 / 16, vAma0 81 / 9, nRsiMha0 65 / 14 ( viSNu kA guhya nAma yahA~ vizveza hai ) / vizAlA -- ( 1 ) ( ujjayinI ) meghadUta 1 / 30 ; dekhie avantI evaM ujjayinI ke antargata / abhidhAnacintAmaNi meM AyA hai--' ujjayinI syAd vizAlAvantI puSpakaraNDinI'; (2) (badarI ke pAsa Azrama )

Page #491
1484 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa vana0 19 / 25, 139 / 11, anu0 25 / 44, bhAga0 vizvAvasvIzvara--(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 5 / 4 / 5, 11 / 29 / 47; (3) (gayA ke antargata) (tI0 kalpa0, pRSTha 116) / vAma 0 81 / 26-32 (nadI), agni0 115 / 54, padma0 vizvAmitratIrtha--(1) vana0 83 / 139; (2) (godaa1138|33| varI ke antargata) brahma0 93 / 4 evaM 27 (jahA~ rAma vizAlAkhya vana---mArka0 106 / 57 (kAmarUpa ke eka ne vizvAmitra kA sammAna kiyA ),pdm01|27|28| parvata pr)| vizvAmitrA nadI--vana08949, bhISma0 9 / 26 / vizAlAkSI--(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI. vizvAmitra mahAnada-(paMjAba meM) nIlamata0 151 / ___ kalpa0, pRSTha 115) / vizvAmitrAzrama--rAmA0 1 / 26 / 34 / vizokA--(kazmIra meM eka nadI) Adhunika vezana, vizvedevezvara--(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 nIlamata0 307-373, 1493, ha0 ci012||35| kalpa0, pRSTha 87) / nIlamata0 (307) kA kathana hai ki muni kazyapa kI vizvezvara--(1) (vArANasI ke pA~ca liMgoM meM eka) prArthanA para lakSmI vizokA bana gayI; nIlamata0 kUrma0 1 / 32 / 12 evaM 2 / 41 / 59, padma0 1134 / 10, (381) kA kathana hai ki yaha vijAbora ke nIce nArada0 2 / 5114; (2) (girikarNa meM) padma0 vitastA bana gayI hai, vahI (1491-1493) punaH 6 / 129 / 10 / kahatA hai ki kramasAra nAmaka jhIla se nikalI viSaprastha---(pahAr3I) vana0 95 / 3 (sambhavataH gomatI kauNDinI nadI kA saMgama vizokA se huA hai| ke paas)| vizrAntitIrtha--(1) (mathurA kA pavitra sthala, ghATa) viSNugayA-padma0 6 / 176 / 41 (jahA~ loNAra kuNDa hai)| varAha0 163 / 162,. 167 / 1, padma0 6 / 209 / 5 viSNukAMcI-padma0 6 / 204 / 30 / yamunA ke taTa para jahA~ kRSNa dvArA kaMsa mArA gayA thA; viSNucaMkramaNa-(dvArakA) varAha0 149 / 80 (tI0 (2) (madhuvana meM eka anya kSetra jahA~ viSNu ne varAha kalpa0, pRSTha 227) / kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA thaa)| pdm06|209|1-3 evaM 5 / viSNutIrtha--(1) (kokAmukha ke antargata) varAha vishvkaay--pdm06|129|8| 140 / 71-74; (2) (narmadA ke antargata) matsya vihaMgezvara--(narmadA ke antargata) padma0 1 / 21 / 1 / 191 / 99, kUrma0 2 / 41152 (yaha yodhIpuraM vihAra tIrtha-- (madana kaa)| (sarasvatI ke antargata) viSNusthAnam hai), padma0 1 / 18 / 94 (yodhanIpura); vAma0 42 / 10 / (3) (godAvarI ke antargata) brahma0 136 / 1 evaM vizvakarmazvara--(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 41 (maudgalya nAma bhI hai)| kalpa0, pRSTha 55) / viSNudhArA--(kokAmukha ke antargata) varAha0 140 / vizvapada--(eka pitRtIrtha) matsya0 22 / 35 / 17 / vizvamukha-- (jAlandhara para tIrtha) dekhie 'jAlandhara' ke viSNutIrtha- (bahuvacana, kula 108) padma0 6 / 129 / 5 antargata evaM pdm06|129|26| vishvruupk-pdm06|129|14 (saMbhavataH mAyApurI meN)| viSNupada-- (1) (kurukSetra ke antargata) vana0 83 / 103, vizvarUpa--(vArANasI ke antargata) padma0 1 / 37 / 2 / 1308, nIlamata0 123 / 8; (2) (niSadha parvata vizvavatI--(yaha vizokA hI hai) ha0 ci0101192 para eka jhIla) brahmANDa0 2 / 18 / 67, vAyu0 (yaha vijayezvara kI dakSiNI sImA hai)| 47 / 64 ; (3) (gayA ke antargata) dekhie Ara0 DI0 vizvA nadI-bhAga0 5 / 19 / 18 / banarjI kA grantha pAlsa Ava baMgAla (memAyarsa Ava e0

Page #492
tIrthasUcI 1485 esa0bI0, jilda 5, pRSTha 60-61, jahA~ nArAyaNa 10 / 11 / 28 evaM 36, 10120, 10 / 215 evaM 10, pAla ke sAtaveM varSa kA zilAlekha viSNupada mandira ke pdm04|69|9,4175/8-14 (alaukika vyAkhyA), pAsa hai); (4) (zAlagrAma ke antargata) varAha0 4181 / 60 (mathurA kA sarvottama sthala), 6 / 16 / 72 145 / 42 / (jahA~ para vRndA ne apanA bhautika zarIra chor3a diyA), viSNupadI-(gaMgA kA nAma, aisA kahA jAtA hai ki yaha brahmavaivarta (kRSNajanmakhaNDa 17 / 204-22) meM batAyA viSNu ke bAyeM aMgUThe se nikalI hai) bhAga0 5 / 17 / 1 / gayA hai ki vRndA ne kisa prakAra tapa kiyA aura kisa amarakoza ne yaha gaMgA kA paryAya mAnA hai| prakAra rAdhA ke solaha nAmoM meM vRndA eka hai)| aiN| viSNusara-(1) (kokAmukha ke antargata) varAha ji0 ne eriyana ke klizoborasa kI pahacAna isase 140 / 24; (2) (goniSkramaNa ke antargata) varAha kI hai| 147 / 43 / vRSadhvaja-(vArANasI ke antargata) kUrma0 1135 / 13, paurapalI-(nadI) R0 1104 / 4 / liMga0 1192 / 106, nArada0 2 / 50 / 48 / pIrapramokSa-vana084151, pp01||32||14 (sambhavataH vRSabhezvara-(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 bhUguliMga ke paas)| kalpa0, pRSTha 43) / vIrabhadrezvara-(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tI. vRSabhaJjaka-(mathurA ke antargata) varAha0 157 / 33 / kalpa0, pRSTha 87) / vRSAkapa--(godAvarI ke antargata) kUrma0 2142 / 8 / bIrasthala-(mathurA ke antargata) varAha0 157 / 14 vegavatI--(Adhunika vaiga yA baiga, jisa ke taTa para dakSiNa evaM 160 / 20 / meM madurA sthita hai) varAha0 215 / 58, vAma0 8416, bIrAzrama-vana0 84 / 145 (jahA~ kArtikeya rahate haiN)| pdm06|23719 / dekhie epi0 iNDi0, jilda 13, agnI--(pAriyAtra se nikalanevAlI eka nadI) pRSTha 194 (jahA~ vegavatI ke uttarI taTa para sthita brahmANDa0 2 / 16 / 27, mArka0 54 / 19 / de (pRSTha ambikApura ke dAna kA varNana hai, jo kAmakoTi pITha ke 42) ke mata se yaha sAbhramatI kI eka sahAyaka zaMkarAcArya ko diyA gayA thaa| isakA 'vaigAI' rUpa nadI hai| zilappadi kAram (pro. dIkSitAra sampA0, pRSTha patrezvara--(vArANasI ke antargata) liMga0 (tIrtha- 270) meM milatA hai| kalpa0, pRSTha 96) / veGkaTa--(dravir3a deza meM tirupati ke pAsa ArkATa jile pRSakanyAtIyaM--(muni gAlava ke putra ne eka bUr3hI kumArI kA eka parvata) garur3a, brahmakhaNDa (adhyAya 26) meM se jisane apane yogya vara ke lie tapasyA kI thI, yahA~ 'veMkaTagirimAhAtmya' hai, bhAga0 5 / 19 / 16, 1079 / vivAha kiyA) zalya0 51 / 1-25, devala0 (tI0 13 (dravir3a meN)| rAmA0 6 / 280 / 18, skanda. kalpa0, pRSTha 250) (sArasvata tIrthoM meM ek)| 3, brahmakhaNDa 52 / 102, skanda0 1, vaiSNavakhaNDa khapura--(jahA~ zanaizcara kI eka jhIla hai) padma0 (veMkaTAcala maahaatmy)| yaha tIrtha itanA pavitra 6 / 34153-54 / mAnA jAtA hai ki 1870I0 taka tirumala pahAr3I vRkSAsaMgama--(godAvarI ke antargata) brahma0 1071 / / para kisI IsAI yA musalamAna ko car3hane kI vRddhivinAyaka- (gayA ke antargata) agni0 116 / 31 / anumati nahIM thii| vRndAvana-(mayurA ke bAraha vanoM meM antima) matsya0 veNA--(1) (vindhya se nikalI huI nadI) brahma0 27 / 13 / 38 (yahA~ kI devI rAdhA hai), varAha0 153145, 33, matsya0 114 / 27 / yaha madhya pradeza kI vain156|6 (yahA~para kezI rAkSasa mArA gayAthA),bhAga0 gaMgA hai, jo godAvarI meM milatI hai; (2) (mahA

Page #493
1486 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa balezvara ke pAsa sahya parvata se nikalI huI nadI) brahmANDa 0 2 / 16 / 28 (RkSavAn se nikalatI hai), impI0 gaje0 iNDi0 (jilda 5, pRSTha 22, jilda kUrma0 2 / 20335; meghadUta (1124) kA kathana 13, pRSTha 229, jilda 20, pRSTha 2) ke mata hai ki vidizA (Adhunika bhelasA) jo dazArNa kI se penagaMgA vardhA meM milatI hai aura vainagaMgA evaM rAjadhAnI thI, vetravatI para sthita hai; (2) varSA ko sammilita dhArA prANahitA ke nAma se (sAbhramatI kI sahAyaka nadI) pama0 6 / 130 evaM vikhyAta hai, jo anta meM godAvarI meM mila jAtI hai| 133 / 4-5 / milinda-prazna (esa0 bI0 I0, jilda dekhie impI0 gaje0 iNDi0, jilda 24, pRSTha 349, 35, pR0 171) meM himAlaya se nirgata jina dasa bhiissm09|20128, vn085|32,8813, 224 / 24, nadiyoM kA nAma hai, unameM vetravatI bhI eka hai| yaha anu016|520,bhaag01079|12| veNA adhikatara uparyukta donoM se bhinna koI nadI rahI hogii| kRSNaveNA yA veNyA yA deNI ke nAma se ullikhita hai, vedagiri--(brahmagiri ke dakSiNa sahya zreNI kI pahAr3I jaisA ki matsya0 (114 / 29) meN| rAjazekhara ne evaM kRSNa-veNyA ke antargata eka upatIrtha) tIrthasAra apanI kAvyamImAMsA (pRSTha 94) meM veNA evaM kRSNA- pRSTha 78 / veNA ko alaga-alaga ullikhita kiyA hai (dasavIM vedadhAra--(badarI ke antargata) varAha0 141 / 20 / shtaabdii)| dekhie pArjiTara (pRSTha 303), jinhoMne vedazirA--(zrAddha ke lie atyaMta upayogI) matsya. isa nAma ke vibhinna rUpoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| 22171 / vennaasNgm--vn085|34, padma0 1139/32 / vedavatI--(pAriyAtra se nikalI huI eka nadI) matsya0 veNI-(1) (gaMgA-yamunA kA saMgama) dekhie karNadeva 114 / 23; brahmANDa0 2 / 16 / 27, brahma0 27 / 29, kA banArasa abhilekha (1042 I0, epi0 iNDi0, anu0 165 / 26 / isa aura nimnokata nadiyoM kI jilda 2, pRSTha 297 evaM 310), jayacandra kA kamaulI pahacAna nahIM ho sakI hai| vedavatI yA hagarI nAmaka kA dAnapatra (epi0 iNDi0, jilda 4, pRSTha 123; nadI maisUra se nikalatI aura tuMgabhadrA meM mila jAtI lekha kI tithi 1173 I0); (2) (sahya parvata meM hai| dekhie impI0 gaje0 iNDi0, jilda 13, pR0 5 / eka Amalaka vRkSa ke caraNa se nikalI huI evaM kRSNA vedazruti--(kosala ke pazcAt dakSiNa meM eka nadI) meM milane vAlI eka nadI) tIrthasAra, pRSTha 78 / rAmA0 2149 / 10 / beNyA--- (sahya parvata se nikalI huI evaM kRSNA meM vedasmRti-(pAriyAtra se nikalI huI nadI) anu0 165 / milanevAlI eka nadI) vAma0 13 / 30, anu0 25, matsya0 114123, vAyu0 45 / 97, brahmANDa. 165 / 22 (godAvarI ca veNyA ca kRSNaveNA tathApi 2 / 16 / 27 / de (pRSTha 223) ke matAnusAra yaha ca), bhAga0 5 / 19 / 18, padma0 6 / 113 / 25 mAlavA meM bosalI nadI hai aura siMdha kI sahAyaka (mahAdeva veNyA ho gye| hai, bArha 0 sU0 (16 // 32) ne isakA ullekha veNumato-yahA~ kA zrAddha atyaMta phaladAyaka hotA hai| kiyA hai| matsya0 22 / 20 / vedItIrtha--(zloka 1 meM devItIrtha) pdmsh26|92 / vetasikA--(nadI) vana0 85 / 56, padma0 1 / 32 / - vedezvara----(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, 20,4 / 29 / 20 (isame vetasI-vetravatI-saMgama kahA hai)| pR0 44) / vetravatI----(1) (Adhunika betavA nadI jo bhUpAla kI vaikuNTha-kAraNa---(mandAra ke antargata) varAha0 143 tarapha se nikalatI aura yamunA meM mila jAtI hai) 21-23 / / matsya0 22 / 20, 114 / 23 (pAriyAtra se nirgata), vaikuNTha-tIrtha-(1) (gayA ke antargata) matsya.

Page #494
tIrghasUcI 1487 3275, nAradIya0 2 / 47175; (2) (mayurA (4) (yahA~ para devI bagalA kahI jAtI hai) devI ke antargata) varAha0 163 / 1-4 evaM 10 / 12 / bhAga0 7 / 38 / 14; (5) (vaidyanAtha kA maMdira, jo vaijayanta---(eka sArasvata-tIrtha) devala (tIrtha- saMthAla paragane ke devaghara nAmaka sthAna meM 12 jyotikalpa0, pR0 250) / liGgoM meM eka hai) dekhie impI0 gaje0 iNDi0, baitaraNI--(1) (ur3IsA meM bahanevAlI evaM vindhya se jilda 11, pR0 244, jahA~ vaidyanAtha ke vizAla nirgata nadI) vana0 85 / 6, 114 / 4, vAyu 077 / 95, mandira kA ullekha hai| yaha devaghara ke 22 zivakUrma0 2 // 37 // 37, padma0 1139 / 6, agni0 1167, mandiroM meM sabase prAcIna hai| matsya0 114 / 27, brahma0 27 / 33 / jAjapura (yayA- vainAyakatIrtha-matsya0 22 // 32, garur3a0 118138 / tipura) isa nadI para hai jo bAlAsora evaM kaTaka kI vaimAnika-anu. 25 / 23 / sImA hai (impI0 gaje0 iNDi0, jilda 6,pR0 223) / vairA--(nadI) matsya0 22064 / kahIM-kahIM utkala evaM kaliMga ko pRthak-pRthak mAnA vairocanezvara---(vArA0 ke antargata) skanda0 4 / 33 / gayA hai (brahma0 477 evaM raghuvaMza 4 / 38) / vaivasvatatIrtha-(sUkara ke antargata) varAha0 137|'utkl' ko 'utkaliMga' (jo kaliMga ke bAhara ho) 240 (jahA~ sUrya ne eka putra ke lie tapa kiyA), se nikalA huA mAnA gayA hai; (2) (gayA meM) anu0 25 / 39 / / (vAyu0 105 / 45, 109 / 17, agni0 116 / 7; vaivasvatezvara-(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI. (3) (phalakIvana meM) vAmana0 36 / 43-44, kalpa0, pR0 104) / padya0 1 / 26 / 79; (4) (vArANasI meM eka kUpa) vaizAkha---(zrIparvata ke antargata) liMga0 1192|liNg0 (tI. kalpa0, pR0 63) / 156 (jise vizAkha arthAt skanda ne sthApita vaidarbhA---matsya0 22 / 64, nalacampU 6 / 66 (dakSiNa- kiyaa)| sarasvatI) / sambhavataH yaha varadA nadI hai| vaizravaNezvara--(zrIparvata ke antargata) liMga0 1|9|vaiduury---- (Anarta meM eka pahAr3I) vana0 89 / 6, 121 / - 148 / 16 evaM 19 (jahA~ pANDava loga payoSNI ko pAra kara vaizvAnara-kuNDa--(lohArgala ke antargata) varAha0 Aye the)| pANini (4 / 3 / 84) ne 'vaidUrya' nAmaka 151158 // maNi (ratna) kA 'vidUra' se nikalanA mAnA hai vaihAyasI--(nadI) vana0 19 / 18 / (tasmAtprabhavati) / mahAbhASya (jilda 2, pR0 313) vaihAra--(girivraja ko gheranevAlI evaM rakSA karanevAlI ne eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai, jisameM AyA hai ki pA~ca pahAr3iyoM meM eka) sabhA0 2112 / vaiyAkaraNa logoM ne 'vAlavAya' nAmaka parvata ko vyAprezvara--(vArA0 ke antargata) kUrma0 1 // 35 / 14, 'vidUra' nAma diyA hai| lagatA hai, yaha satapur3A zreNI, padma0 1137 / 17, liMga. 192 / 109, nArada0 hai jisameM vaidUrya ko khAna thii| dekhie pAjiTara 250156 / pR0 287 evaM 365 / ho sakatA hai ki yaha TaoNlemI vyAsakuNDa--(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 kA 'orodiyana' parvata ho| kalpa0, pRSTha 86) vaikhanAtha--(1) matsya0 13 / 41, 22 / 24, padma vyAsatIrtha--(1) (kurukSetra meM) kUrma0 2 / 37 / 29, 5 / 17 / 205; (2) (vArANasI ke antargata) brahmANDa 0 3 / 13 / 69; (2) (narmadA ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 84 evaM 114); (3) vAyu0 7767, pama0 1 / 18 / 37; (godA0 ke (sAbhramatI ke antargata) padma 6 / 160 / 1 antargata) brahma0 15811 /

Page #495
1488 vyAsavana -- (mizraka ke pAsa ) padma0 1126687 / vyAsasara vAyu0 77 / 51, brahmANDa0 3 / 13 / 52 / vyAsasthalI -- ( jahA~ para putra ke kho jAne se vyAsa ne marane kA praNa kiyA thA ) nAradIya0 2265 / 83-84, padma0 1 / 26 / 90-91 / dharmazAstra kA itihAsa vyomagaGgA-- ( gayA ke antargata ) nArada0 2|47 / 57 // vyomatIrtha -- ( vArA0 ke antargata ) padma0 1|37|14| vyomaliGga -- (zrIparvata ke antargata ) liMga0 1152/161 / vraja -- ( nandagopa kA gA~va) bhAga0 10 / 1 / 10, dekhie 'gokula' Upara / jJa zaMkukarNa - - ( vArA0 ke antargata) matsya0 181.27; kUrma 0 1 / 31 / 48, padma0 1 / 24 / 18 / zaMkukarNezvara -- ( vArANasI kI dakSiNI sImA para eka liMga) kUrma0 1133/48, liMga0 1 / 92 / 135, nArada0 2 / 48 / 19-20 / zakratIrtha - - ( 1 ) ( narmadA ke dakSiNI taTa para ) matsya0 22/73, kUrma 0 1 / 41 / 11-12, padma0 1 2429; (2) (kubjAmraka ke antargata ) varAha0 126/ 81 / zakrarudra-- - ( kokAmukha se tIna kosa dUra ) varAha0 140 / 65 / zakrasara - - ( sAnandUra ke antargata ) varAha0 150 / 33 / zakrAvarta - vana0 84/29, padma0 1 / 28 / 29 / zakrezvara - ( vArA0 ke antargata ) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 74) zaMkhatIrtha - - (1) ( sarasvatI para) zalya0 35 / 87; (2) ( narmadA ke antargata) kUrma 0 2 / 42 / 17 (zaMkhatIrtha ) ; ( 3 ) ( Amalaka grAma ke antargata ) nRsiMha 0 60123 / zaMkhaprabha --- ( zAlagrAma ke antargata ) varAha0 145 / 48 / zaMkhalikhitezvara --- ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ku0, pU0 93) / zaMkhada -- ( godAvarI ke antargata ) brahma0 156 / 1 / zaMkhinItIrtha -- ( kurukSetra ke antargata ) vana0 83 / 51 / zaMkhoddhAra -- ( kaccha kI khAr3I ke anta meM dakSiNa-pazcimI bhAga meM sthita eka dvIpa) bhAgavata0 11 / 30/6 ( kRSNa ne aisA nirdeza kiyA thA ki jaba dvArakA meM bhayaMkara lakSaNa dRSTigocara hoM to striyoM, bacce evaM vRddha loga vahA~ cale jAyeM), matsya0 13148, 22169 (yahA~ kA zrAddha ananta hai ) / yaha ati prasiddha sthala hai, vizeSataH vaiSNavoM ke lie| dekhie impI0 gaje 0 iNDi0, jilda 8, pR0 18 / zacIvaliMga - ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 105 ) / zatakumbha-- ( sarasvatI ke antargata ) vana0 84/10. padma0 1|28|11 ( donoM meM eka hI zloka hai) / zata - ( satalaja) ise 'zutudrI' bhI kahA jAtA hai| Adi0 177 / 8-9 (vyutpatti dI huI hai), matsya 0 22 / 12, bhAga0 5 / 19 / 18 / amarakoza ne 'zutudrI' evaM 'zatadru' ko paryAyavAcI kahA hai| zatarudrA --- matsya 0 22 / 35 ( yahA~ kA zrAddha ananta hotA hai ) / zatazuMga -- (parvata) devala (tI0 ka0, pR0 250 ) / zatasahasraka - (sarasvatI ke antargata ) padma0 1 / 27/ 45, vAma0 41 / 3, vAyu0 83 / 157 evaM 84 / 74 ( zatasAhasraka) / zanaizvarezvara-- ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 67 ) / zabarItIrtha - ( godAvarI para) padma0 6 | 269 / 277 278 / zambhalagrAma brahma0 213 / 164 ( + lkI viSNuyazA yahA~ janma leMge aura mlecchoM kA nAza kareMge), padma 0 6 / 269 / 10-12 ( zambhala grAma kA ullekha hai), ga r3a0 1181/6, bhAga0 12 2018, vAyu0 78 / 104 109, matsya0 144|51, brahmANDa 0 231 / 76, viSNu 0 4 / 24 / 98; ina sabhI ne kalkI

Page #496
tIrthasUcI yA pramati ke bhAvI kAryakalApoM kA varNana kiyA hai kintu kisI ne sambhala grAma kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / impI0 je0 A~va iNDiyA ( jilda 22, pR0 18 ) ne isa sthAna ko uttara pradeza ke murAdAbAda jile kA sambhala kasabA kahA hai; isake Asa-pAsa bahuta-se prAcIna DhUha, mandira evaM pavitra sthala pAye jAte haiM / zarabindu - (Agalaka grAma ke antargata ) nRsiMha 0 66/34 / zarabhaMgakuNDa -- ( lohArgala ke antargata ) varAha0 151/ 13 / 145 49 / zarabhaMgAzrama - vana0 85 / 42 evaM 9019, rAmA0 3 / 5 / 3, padma0 1 / 39 / 39, raghuvaMza (sutIgAzrama ke pAsa ) / zarAvatI - ~ ( sambhavataH avadha meM rAptI) bhISma 0 920 / pANini ( 4 | 3 | 120, zarAdInAM ca ) ko yaha nadI jJAta thI; kSIrasvAmI ( amarakoza ke TIkAkAra) ne 'zarAvatyAstu yo'vadheH' kI TIkA meM uddhRta kiyA hai-- 'prAgudaJca vibhajate haMsaH kSIro ke yathA / viduSAM zabdasiddhyarthaM sA naH pAtu zarAvatI // ' DA0 agravAla ne (jarnala Ava uttara pradeza hisTArikala rAyala sosAiTI, jilda 16 pR0 15 meM ) kalpanA kI hai ki yaha ambAlA jile se hokara bahatI hai ( ghagghara ), kintu yaha saMdehAtmaka hai / sambhava hai ki jaba sarasvatI sUkha gayI aura kevala isa para daladala raha gayA to yaha zarAvatI khlaayii| kintu amarakoza ke kAla meM zarAvatI sambhavataH vaha zarAvatI hai jo samudra meM honAvara ( uttarI kanArA jile) ke pAsa giratI hai, jisa para geraspA ke prasiddha prapAta haiN| raghuvaMza (15 / 97) meM zarAvatI rAma ke putra lava kI rAjadhAnI kahI gayI hai| zazayAna -- ( sarasvatI ke antargata ) vana0 82 / 114-116, padma0 1 / 25 / 20- 23 / kucha pANDulipiyoM meM 'zazapAna' pATha AyA hai / zazAMkezvara - ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0. ka0, pR0 97 ) / 1489 zAkambharI - (1) ( namaka kI sAMbhara jhIla jo jayapura aura jodhapura riyAsatoM kI sImA para pazcimI rAjasthAna meM hai) vi0 dha0 sU0 85 / 21; vigraharAja cAhamAna ke zilAlekha ( 973-74 I0 ) meM zAkambharI kI carcA hai (epi0 iNDi0, jilda 2, pRSTha 116 evaM 124), dekhie impI0 gaje0 iNDi0 (jilda 22, pR0 19-20 ) jahA~ isakI anukathA dI gayI hai| jhIla kI dakSiNa-pUrva sImA para sAMbhara nAma kA kasabA hai jo prAcIna hai aura cauhAna rAjapUtoM kI rAjadhAnI ra (2) (himAlaya ke samIpa haridvAra se kedAra ke mArga meM) vana 0 84 / 13, padma0 1|28|14-16 ( eka devIsthAna jahA~ devI ne eka sahasra varSoM taka kevala zAka-bhAjI para bhaktoM kA jIvana vyatIta karAyA thA ) / zANDilI - ( kazmIra meM nadI ) nIlamata0 1445 / zANDilI - madhumatI - saMgama - nIlamata0 1446 / zANDilyezvara - ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 68) / zAtAtapezvara - ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR002) / zAradAtIrtha - ( kazmIra meM ) matsya0 22074, rAja0 1|37| kazmIra ke pramukha tIrthoM meM yaha hai aura kisanagaMgA nadI ke dAhine taTa para Adhunika 'zardI' isakA dyotaka hai| madhumatI ke mandira ke sAmane kisanagaMgA meM yaha mila jAtI hai | dekhie sTInasmRti pR0 206 / Aine akabarI (jilda 2, pR0 365 - 366) meM AyA hai ki zAradA kA mandira durgA kA hai aura padamatI nadI ke kinAre hai jo dArdU deza se AtI hai, aura yaha mandira prati mAsa zukla pakSa kI pratyeka aSTamI para hilane lagatA hai / zArdUla bArha0 sU0 (3 / 122 ) ke anusAra yaha zaiva kSetra hai / zAlagrAma-- - (gaNDakI nadI ke udgamasthala para eka pavitra sthAna ) vana0 84 / 123-128, viSNu0 2 / 1 / 24, 2013 / 4 (rAjarSi bharata jo eka yogI evaM vAsudeva

Page #497
2490 ke bhakta the, yahA~ rahate the) / matsya0 13/33, ( zAlagrAma meM umA mahAdevI kahI gayIM ) 2262, padma0 1038 / 48, varAha0 144 | 3 evaM 14 ( yahA~ ke sabhI pASANa pUjya haiM, vizeSataH jina para cakra kA cihna rahatA hai); zloka 29 meM AyA hai--' zAlagrAma parvata viSNu hai; zloka 145 meM AyA hai-'yaha devavATa bhI kahA jAtA hai,' yaha vistAra meM 12 yojana hai ( zloka 159 ) / zAlagrAma ke prastara khaNDa jo viSNu ke rUpa meM pUjita hote haiM, gaNDakI ke udgamasthala meM pAye jAte haiN| yaha pulahAzrama ( viSNu 0 2 / 1 / 29 ) bhI kahA jAtA thA / vana0 5 / 84 / 128-128, varAha0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 219221) / zivadhAra - matsya 0 22 / 49 / zivanadI - nRsiMha0 65 | 23 (tI0 ka0, pR0253) / zivasarasvatI - bArha0 sUtra ( 31122 ) ke anusAra yaha eka zaiva kSetra hai / zivahara-brahmANDa0 3 / 13 / 52 / zAlakaTaGkaTezvara --- ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 48 ) / zivodbhava -- ( jahA~ antardhAna hone ke uparAnta sarasvatI punaH prakaTa hotI hai) vana0 82 / 112, padma0 125/ zAlagrAmagiri-varAha0 144 / 13 evaM 29 / zAligrAma -- ( vahI jo Upara hai) kUrma0 2 / 35 / 37, nRsiMha0 64 / 22-26 ( puNDarIka isa mahAkSetra meM Aye the) / 19 / zukasyAzrama -- vana0 85 / 42, padma0 1 / 39 / 39 ( donoM meM eka hI zloka hai) / 1 / 26 / 100 zAlisUrya- -vana0 83 / 107, padma0 ( eka tIrtha jo sambhavata: zAlihotra dvArA sthA- zukezvara -- (gokarNa ke uttara) varAha0 17339 / pitathA ) | zuktimatI -- ( nadI, cedi meM kolAhala parvata dvArA zAlUkinI -- ( kurukSetra ke antargata ) vana0 83 / 13, mahAbhASya (jilda 1. pR0 474 vArtika 2 pANini 2|4|7) ne zAlUkinI ko eka gA~va kahA hai| zAlvikinI -- ( sambhavataH Upara vAlA tIrtha ) padma0 1 / 26 / 11 / avaruddha ) bhISma0 9135 / dekhie de ( pR0 196 ) jahA~ vibhinna pahacAneM dI gayI haiN| brahma0 (27/32) evaM matsya 0 ( 114 / 101) kA kathana hai ki yaha RkSa parvata se nikalatI hai, kintu mArka0 (57/23) ke anusAra yaha vindhya se nikalatI hai / ziprA -- (nadI, jo pAriyAtra se nikalakara ujjayinI zikhitIrtha - ( narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 193/- zuktimAn ( bhArata ke sAta mahAn parvatoM meM eka, 82, padma0 120 178 / yaha vindhya kA eka bhAga hai) kUrma0 1147/39, vAyu0 45/88 / 107, nAgda0 260 27, bhAga0 5 / 19 / 16 | dekhie DaoN0 bI0 sI0lA kRta 'mAuTensa eNDa rIbharsa oNva iNDiyA' (DipArTameNTa oNva leTarsa kalakattA yUnivarsaTI, jilda 28, pR0 2021) jahA~ vibhinna pahacAneM upasthita kI gayI hai / yaha parvata pramukha sAta parvatoM meM sabase kama prasiddha dharmazAstra kA itihAsa meM bahatI calI jAtI hai) matsya0 22 / 24, 114/24, vAyu0 4598 / isa nadI ke pratyeka mIla para tIrthasthala haiM, vahA~ RSiyoM ke vikhyAta nivAsasthala haiM aura alaukika ghaTanAoM ke dRzya varNita haiM / yaha nadI viSNu ke rakta se nikalI huI kahI gayI hai aura aisA vizvAsa hai ki kucha nizcita kAloM meM yaha dUdha ke sAtha bahatI hai / Aine akabarI (jilda 2, pR0 196 ) ne bhI isakA ullekha kiyA hai| ziphA -- (nadI) R0 1 / 104 | 3 ( jisameM kuyaba kI donoM patniyA~ mRtyu ko prApta huI thIM) / zilAkSezvara - ( vArA0 ke antargata ) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 46 ) / zilAtIrtha - ( gayA ke antargata ) vAyu0 108/2 / zivakAMcI -- ( dakSiNa bhArata ke kAMjIvaram meM) padma0 63204 | 30 /

Page #498
tIrthasUcI 1491 hai aura isase nikalI huI nadiyAM bahuta kama haiM tathA zuSkezvara--(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, unake nAma purANoM Adi meM kaI prakAra se Aye haiN| pR0 118) / dekhie DA0 rAya caudharI kA 'sTaDIja' Adi, pR0 zUrikatIrtha-(besaina ke pAsa Adhunika supArA) 113-120 / vana0 85 / 43 (jahA~ parazurAma rahate the), 88 / 12 zukratIrtha-- (godAvarI ke uttarI taTa para) brahma0 95 / - (yahA~ jamadagni kI nadI thI), 11858-10, zAnti0 1, matsya0 22 / 29 / 49 / 67 (jamadagni ke putra parazurAma dvArA samudra zukrezvara--(vArA0 ke antargata) kUrma0 1135 / 15, se punaH nikAlA gayA sthAna), anu0 25 / 50, liMga0 1192-93, nArada0 2 / 50163 / harivaMza, viSNu parva0 39 / 29-31 (aparAnta meM zuklatIrtha-(bhaDoca se 10 mIla uttara-pUrva narmadA zUrpAraka nagara 500 dhanuSa lambA evaM 500 idhu caur3A ke uttarI taTa para) kUrma0 2 / 41167-82, matsya: thA aura parazurAma ne ise eka bANa chor3akara sthApita 192 / 14, skanda0 112 / 3 / 5 / dekhie gata adhyAya kA kiyA thA), brahmANDa0 3 / 58 / 17-18 tathA 32-33, prakaraNa narmadA, jahA~ zukla tIrya meM rAjarSi cANakya bhAga0 10179 / 20, brahma0 27158 (aparAnta kA ullekha huA hai; cANakya evaM zuklatIrtha ke sambandha dezoM meM zUrika kA nAma sarvaprathama AyA hai)| nAsika ke viSaya meM dekhie impI0 gaje. iNDi0, jilda abhilekha, saMkhyA 10 meM 'zopariga' zabda AyA hai 23, pR0 128 evaM bambaI gaje0, jilda 11, (bambaI gaje0, pR0 569 ji0 16); nAnAghATa pR0 568-569; padma0 1 / 19 / 2-15 (yahA~ abhilekha saM09 (e0 esa0 Dabla0 AI0. jilda 5, rAjarSi cANakya dvArA prApta siddhi kA ullekha pa064) meM govindadAsa sopArayaka nAma AyA hai| suppAraka jAtaka (saM0 463, jilda 4, pR0 86, zuNDika--(kazmIra meM tIrtha) nIlamata0 1459 / sampAdaka kaoNvela) meM AyA hai ki bharukaccha eka zuddhezvara--(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, bandaragAha thA aura usa deza .. nAma bharu thaa| pR0 122) / yaha sambhava hai ki olDa TesmaH kA 'ophira' zutuno--(paMjAba kI satalaja, saMskRta graMthoM kI zabda zUrpAraka hai, yadyapi yaha mata vivAdAspada hai| zatadu) R0 333331, 1075 / 5 / yaha yUnAnI aiM ji0 (pR0 497-499 evaM 561-562) meM hupaniSa yA huphasisa (aiM iNDi0, pR0 65) hai tarka upasthita kiyA gayA hai ki ophira yA sophira jo ki bhArata meM sikandara ke bar3hane kI antima sImA (bAibila ke sepTujiNTa anuvAda meM) sauvIra kA deza thii| yaha kailAsa kI dakSiNI upatyakA se nikalatI hai na ki zUrpAraka kA, jaiza ke bahuta se vidvAn kahate hai aura kabhI mAnasarovara se nikalatI thii| pAjiTara haiN| TAlemI ne ise 'rsa pArA' kahA hai| kucha prasiddha (pR. 291) kA kathana hai ki prAcIna kAla meM yaha vidvAn kahate hai vi ophira TAlemI kA aiMbIriyA Aja kI bhAMti vyAsa se nahIM milI thI, pratyuta svatantra arthAt AbhIra hai (pR0 140) / dekhie je0 Ara0 e0 rUpa se bahatI thI, aura una dinoM yaha sUkhI bhUmi se es0, 1898, pR0 253 evaM je0 bI0 bI0 Ara0 bahatI thI jo Ajakala hakra yA 'ghaggara' nAma se e0 esa0, (jilda 15, pR0 273) jahA~ krama prasiddha hai, jo isake Adhunika bahAva se 30 se 50 se vivecana evaM zAraka para lambI TippaNI dI mIla dakSiNa hai| zuSkanadI--(vArA0 ke antargata asi nAmaka nadI) zUlaghAta---(kazmIra meM) dekhie nIlakuNDa ke antamatsya0 182 / 62, liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 118) / rgt| 115

Page #499
1492 zUlabheva - ( narmadA ke antargata ) matsya 0 191 3, kUrma 0 2 / 41 / 12-14, padma0 1 / 18 / 3 / zUlezvara - ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 52) / zrRMgatIrtha -- ( narmadA ke antargata ) padma0 1 / 21 / 31 / zrRMgaverapura -- yA ( zaMgivera) vana0 50/65, padma0 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa 1|39|61; rAmA0 2 / 193 / 22, 6 / 126 / 49, agni0 109 / 23 / yahIM para ayodhyA se vana ko jAte samaya rAma ne gaMgA pAra kii| yaha Aja kA siMgaraura yA siMgora hai jo prayAga se uttara-pazcima 22 mIla dUra gaMgA ke bAyeM kinAre hai / zRMgATakezvara --- (zrIpataMta ke antargata ) liMga0 11 92 / 155 / zrRMpA -- (nadI, vindhyAcala se nikalI huI) brahmANDa 0 2 / 16 / 32 / zeSatIrtha --- ( godAvarI ke antargata ) brahma0 1151 / zailezvara -- ( vArA0 ke antargata ) liMga0 1 / 92 / 86, varAha0 216 / 23, nAradIya0 2/50/57, skanda 0 4 / 3 / 135 / zailezvarAzrama -- varAha0 215 / 57 evaM 83-84 / zailodA - (nadI, jo aruNa parvata kI zailoda jhIla se nikalatI hai) vAyu0 47 / 21, brahmANDa0 2 / 18 / 22 / dekhie de, pRSTha 172 / zoNa-- (eka nada, jisakA nAma hiraNyavAha bhI hai, jo purANoM ke anusAra goNDavAnA meM RkSa parvata se nikalatA hai aura bAMkIpura se kucha mIla dUra gaMgA se mila jAtA hai) matsya0 322 / 35 ( eka nada), 114 / 25, brahma0 27/30, vAyu0 45 / 99, brahmANDa 0 2 / 16 / 29 | yaha TAlemI ( pR0 99 ) kA 'sovA' evaM eriyana kA 'sonasa' hai / yaha vahIM se, jahA~ se narmadA amarakaNTaka pahAr3I se nikalatI hai, nikalI hai / dekhie aiM0 ji0 ( pR0 453-454) jahA~ isake aura gaMgA ke saMgama kA varNana hai, aura devala-ni0 si0 110 -- ' zoNa - sindhu - hiraNyAkhyAH koka- lohitaghargharAH | zatadruzca nadAH sapta pAvanAH parikIrtitAH // ' yahA~ hiraNya evaM koka anizcita haiM, lohita brahmaputra hai| zoNa jyotIrathyA-saMgama vana0 8518: padma0 113918 / vi0 dha0 sU0 (85 / 33) zoNa - jyotiSAsaMgama meM AyA hai kintu isakI TIkA vaijayantI ne TippaNI kI hai ki yaha zoNajyotIrathA hai / zoNaprabhada -- ( prabhava ? ) vana0 85/9, padma0 1139/ 9 / zoNitapura -- (bANAsura kI rAjadhAnI, jahA~ uSA ke sAtha kapaTAcAra karane ke kAraNa aniruddha ko bandI banAyA gayA thA) brahma0 206 / 1, harivaMza, viSNuparva 121 / 92-93 / de ( pR0 189 ) kA kathana hai ki yaha kumAyU~ meM Aja bhI isI nAma se hai| aura bhI bahuta se sthala bANAsura ke zoNitapura ke samAna kahe gaye haiM / harivaMza meM AyA hai ki zoNitapura dvArakA se 11,000 yojana dUra hai / bhaviSya 0 ( kRSNajanmakhaNDa, uttarArdha 114 / 847) ne zoNitapura ko bANAsura kI rAjadhAnI kahA hai| abhidhAnacintAmaNi ( pR0 182 ) ne kahA hai ki ise koTIvarSa bhI kahA jAtA thA / zaunakezvarakuNDa -- ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 122) / zaurpAraka brahmANDa0 3|13|37| dekhie sUrpAraka / zmazAna ---- - (de0 'avimukta' ) matsya 0 184 / 19 / zmazAnastambha- - ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 54 ) / zyAmAyA Azrama - anu0 25 / 30 / zyenI -- (RkSa parvata se nikalane vAlI nadI ) matsya 0 114 / 25 / de ( pR0 200) ne ise bundelakhaNDa kI kena nadI kahA hai / zrAvastI - - ( avadha meM rAptI ke kinAre saheta maheta ) kahA jAtA hai ki uttara kosala meM yaha lava kI rAjadhAnI thii| ayodhyA se yaha 58 mIla uttara hai, rAmA0 7 10774-7, vAyu0 88 / 200 evaM aiM0 0 pR0 409 / raghuvaMza (15/97) meM zrAvastI

Page #500
tIrthasUcI lava kI rAjadhAnI kahI gayI hai| dekhie mArzala kA lekha, je0 Ara0 e0 e0, 1909, pR0 10661068 evaM epi0 iNDi0, jilda 11, pR0 20 / DaoN0 smitha (je0 Ara0 e0 e0, 1898, pR0 520-531) ne zrAvastI ko saheta maheta na mAnakara nepAla kI bhUmi meM use nepAlagaMja ke pAsa mAnA hai| brahma0 (7153) meM AyA hai ki isakA nAma ikSvAku kula ke zrAvasta ke nAma para par3A hai| zrIkuJja -- ( sarasvatI ke antargata ) padma0 1 / 26 / 19, vana0 83 / 108 / zrIkuNDa -- vana0 8286 ( aba isakA nAma lakSmIkuNDa hai jo vArANasI meM hai) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 62) / zrIkSetra -- ( jagannAthapurI) isake viSaya meM gata adhyAya meM savistara likhA gayA hai| zrInagara -- (1) (kazmIra kI rAjadhAnI hai) isakA itihAsa bahuta lambA hai| rAja0 (1 / 104) ke anusAra azoka ne 96 lAkha gharoM ke sAtha zrInagarI kA nirmANa kiyaa| sTIna ne isa para TippaNI karate hue kahA hai ki kaniMghama (aiM0 ji0 pR0 93 ) ne azoka kI zrInagarI ko Adhunika zrInagara se tIna mola Upara vitastA ke dAhine taTa para sthita Adhunika pandrethAna nAmaka gA~va ke pAsa mAnA hai / pandrethAna ( kalhaNa kA purANAviSThAna ) takhta-esulemAna pahAr3I ke caraNa meM hai| pravarasena prathama ne pravarezvara mandira sthApita kiyA aura pravarasena dvitIya ne chaThI zatAbdI ke Arambha meM nayI rAjadhAnI kA nirmANa karAyA / hvenasAMga ne isa nayI nagarI ( pravarapura ) kA ullekha kiyA hai| dekhie 'bIla' kA lekha, bI0 Ara0 DablU0 DablU0, jilda 1, pR0 96, 148 evaM 158 tathA aiM0 ji0, pR0 95-96 / Aine akabarI (jilda 2, pR0 355 ) kA kathana hai ki koha-e-sulemAna zrInagara ke pUraba hai / alabarUnI (jilda 1, pR0 207 ) kA kathana hai ki addiSThana (kazmIra kI rAjadhAnI adhiSThAna ) 1493 jhelama ke donoM kinAroM para nirmita hai / Dala jhIla kA, jo zrInagara ke pAsa hai aura saMsAra ke ramyatama sthAnoM meM eka hai, varNana impI0 gaje0 iNDi0, jilda 11, pR0 124-125 meM hai; (2) (alakanandA ke bAyeM kinAre para gar3havAla jile meM yaha eka bastI hai) yU0pI0 gajeTiyara, jilda 36, pR0 200 / zrIparNI -- ( yahA~ dAna atyaMta phaladAyaka hotA hai ) matsya0 22 / 49 / zrIparvata -- ( yA zrIzaila ) (1) (kurnUla jile meM kRSNA sTezana se 50 mIla dUra kRSNA nadI kI dakSiNa dizA meM eka pahAr3I) yahA~ para bahuta-se liMga haiM jinameM prasiddha mallikArjuna ( liMga0 1 / 92 / 155) bhI hai jisakI gaNanA 12 jyotiliGgoM meM hotI hai| liMga0 (1 / 92 / 147-166 ) meM kucha jyotiliGgoM kA ullekha hai| dekhie vana0 85 / 18-20 ( yahA~ mahAdeva umA ke sAtha birAjate haiM), vAyu0 77 28, matsya 0 13 | 31 ( yahA~ devI 'mAdhavI' kahI gayI hai), 181 / 28 (ATha pramukha zivasthAnoM meM eka ), 188179 ( rudra dvArA jalAyA gayA bANAsura kA eka pura yahA~ gira par3A thA ), padma0 1 / 15 / 6869 ( matsya0 a0 188 kI kathA yahA~ bhI hai), agni0 133 / 4 ( gaurI ne yahA~ lakSmI kA rUpa dhAraNa karake tapa kiyA thA ) / pAjiTara ( pR0 290 ) ne agni kI vyAkhyA ThIka se nahIM kI hai| kUrma 0 220/35 ( yahA~ zrAddha atyanta phaladAyaka hotA hai), 2 / 37 / 13-14 ( yahA~ para dhArmika AtmaghAta kI anumati hai ), padma0 1 39 17, 420 15 ( yogiyoM evaM tapasviyoM kA yaha eka bar3A sthala hai) / bArha 0 sU0 (3|124) ke anusAra yaha zAkta kSetra hai / mAlatImAdhava ne isakI kaI bAra carcA kI hai / dekhie epi0 iNDi0, jilda 20, pR0 9, jilda 4, pR0 193 ( jahA~ viSNukuNDina vikramendra varmA kA cikkulla dAnapatra hai ) / nAgArjuna koNDA ke tIsarI zatAbdI ke zilAlekha meM zrIparvata kA ullekha hai (epi0 iNDi0, jilda 20, pR0 1 evaM 23 ); (2)

Page #501
1494 ( vArA0 meM eka liMga) agni0 112|4; (3) . ( narmadA ke antargata ) agni0 113 | 3 | zrIpatitIrtha - (yahA~ zrAddha karane se paramapada prApta hotA hai) matsya0 22|74 | zrI tIrtha - ( vArA0 ke dharmazAstra kA itihAsa antargata ) vana0 83 / 46, kUrma0 zveta dvIpa - garuDa 0 1 / 35 / 8, padma0 113718 | zrImAdaka -- ( kazmIra ke dakSiNa meM eka abhibhAvaka athavA rakSaka nAga ) nIlamata0 1117 / zrImukha -- (guhA) liMga0 (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 60) zvetamASava - nAradIya0 2 / 55 / 30 / ( vArANasI ke antargata ) / zrIraMga --- ( Adhunika zrIraMgam jo tricinApallI se do mIla uttara kAverI evaM kolarUna ke madhya meM eka dvIpa hai) matsya0 22 / 44, ( yahA~ kA zrAddha ananta hai) bhAga0 10 / 79 / 14, padma0 6 / 280119, bArha 0 sUtra 3 / 120 ( vaiSNava kSetra ) / yaha 'zilappadikAram' (a0 10, pro0 dIkSitAra dvArA anUdita pR0 163 ) meM varNita hai / viziSTAdvaitavAda ke pravartaka rAmAnujAcArya kA yahA~ dehAvasAna huA thaa| dekhie impI0 gaje0 iNDi0, jilda 23, pR0 107-108 jahA~ viSNu (jinheM yahA~ raMganAtha svAmI kahA jAtA hai) ke mandira kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / zleSmAtakavana --- ( himAlaya para ) varAha0 214 / 24-26, 215 / 12-13 evaM 115 / de ( pR0 188) kA kathana hai ki yaha uttara gokarNa hai jo nepAla meM pazupatinAtha ke uttara-pUrva do mIla kI dUrI para hai / do gokarNI ke lie dekhie 'gokarNa' / zvAvillomApaha - vana0 83 / 61 / zvetA -- (nadI jo sAbhramatI se milatI hai) padma0 6 / 133 / 19-20 / zvetAdri - (parvata) padma0 6 / 280 19, matsya 0 113/38 ( yaha merukA pUrvI bhAga hai ) / 1817, kUrma0 1|1|49, 1149/40-47, vAma0 25 / 16 evaM 60156, zAnti0 3368, 337 / 27 / bahuta se graMthoM meM kSIrodadhi ke uttara meM yaha eka anukathAtmaka deza hai / zvetatIrtha -- ( godAvarI ke antargata) brahma0 94 / 1 / zveta -- (sindhu nadI ke pazcima usakI sahAyaka nadI ) R0 10 / 75 / 6 / ise suvAstu kahanA kaThina hai / zvetezvara - ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 99 ) / zvetayAvarI -- (nadI) R08|26|18| zvetodabhava -- ( sAbhramatI para) padma0 6 / 133 / 15 / SaDaMgula -- ( kazmIra meM eka nAga kA sthAna ) nIla mata0 1133-1140 / SaSTi-hada-- anu0 25 | 36 | sa saMyamana - - ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 153 / 3 / saMsAramocana (yahA~ ke zrAddha se akSaya phala milatA hai) matsya 0 22/67 / saMkuNikA- - vAma0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 236 ) / saMgamana--- (dvArakA ke antargata ) varAha0 149 / 41 / saMgamanagara - ( dvArakA ke antargata ) varAha0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 226) / saMgamezvara-- (1) (vArA0 ke antargata ) nAradIya 0 2 / 50/63-64; (2) ( sAbhramaMtI evaM hastimatI ke saMgama para ) padma 6 / 138|1 ( 3 ) ( narmadA ke dakSiNI taTa para ) matsya 0 191 / 74, kUrma 0 2 / 41 / 36, padma0 1|18|53; (4) (gaMgA aura yamunA ke saMgama para ) liGga0 119288 / sagarezvara -- ( vArA0 ke antargata ) liGga0 (tI0 kalpa0, pR0 51) / satyavatI -- ( yaha kauzikI nadI ho gayI ) vAyu0 91688 / sadAnIrA - (nadI) zatapatha brAhmaNa (1|4|1|17) kA kathana hai---' Aja bhI yaha nadI kosaloM aura videhoM kI sImA hai / yaha nadI uttarI parvata se umar3atIghumar3atI cala par3I aura anya nadiyoM ke sUkha jAne para

Page #502
tIrthasUcI 1495 bhI yaha sadAnIra banI rhii|' sAyaNa ne sadAnIrA ko padma0 za2777-78, vAma0 4119 evaM 45 / 29, karatoyA kahA hai| bhISma0 (9 / 24 evaM 35) ne agni0 109 / 15 / donoM ko bhinna mAnA hai| sabhA0 (20 / 27) ne sannihatyasara-(kurukSetra meM) vAma0 47156, 48 / 23, saMketa kiyA hai ki yaha gaNDakI evaM sarayU ke bIca meM 4916 (sarasvatI ke uttarI taTa para evaM dvaitavana ke hai kintu brahma (27 / 28-29) kA kathana hai ki yaha paas)| pAriyAtra parvata se nikalatI hai| vaayu0(45|100) meM sannIti--(kurukSetra meM) nIlamata0 168-169 (lagatA AyA hai ki karatoyA RkSa zreNI se nikalatI hai| hai yaha sannihatI hI hai)| pAjiTara (mArka0 a0 57, pRSTha 294) ke anusAra saptakoTIzvara--tI0 pra0, pR0 557 jisane skanda. yaha rAptI hai| amarakoza ne sadAnIrA evaM karatoyA adhyAya 7 ko uddhRta kiyA hai| ko eka dUsarI kA paryAya mAnA hai| saptagaMga--vana0 84.29, ana0 25416, padma0 sanakezvara--(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, 1128-29 / sAta gaMgAe~ ye haiM-gaMgA, godAvarI, pR0 67) / kAverI, tAmraparNI, sindhu, sarayU evaM nrmdaa| sanaka--yama0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 248) / nIlamata0 (720) ke mata se sAta gaMgAe~ haiMsanatkumArezvara--(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 bhAgIrathI, pAvanI, hrAdinI, hlAdinI, sItA, sindhu ka0, pR0 67) / evaM vkssu| sanandanezvara--(vArA0 ke antargata) liGga (tI0 ka0, saptagodAvara-vana0 85 / 44, vAyu 77 / 19, matsya0 pR.0 67) / 22178, bhAga0 1079 / 12, pama0 1139 / 41, sandhyA--(1) (kazmIra meM nadI) nIlamata0 1471, 4|108|39,brhmaanndd03|13|19,sknd04|6|23 / rAja0 103, dekhie 'trisaMdhyA'; (2) (mAlavA dekhie rAjA yazaHkarNa kA khairahA dAnapatra (1071kI sindha nadI jo yamunA meM milatI hai) sabhA0 I0; epi0 iNDi0, jilda 12, pR0 205) jahA~ 9 / 23, padma0 1 / 39 / 1; (3) (eka nadI sAtoM dhArAe~ parigaNita haiM; godAvarI jile ke jisakA sthAna anizcita hai) vana0 84152, padma0 gajeTiyara (pR0 6) meM godAvarI ke sAta mukha 1132 / 16 / (pravAha) sAta RSiyoM ke nAma para pavitra kahe gaye sandhyAvaTa--(prayAga ke antargata) matsya0 106 / 43 / / haiM-kazyapa, atri, gautamaH bharadvAja, vizvAmitra, sanihitA---(vaha bhUmi jo kurukSetra se adhika vistRta jamadagni evaM vsisstth| rAja' (813449) meM AyA hai aura jisameM ku kSetra bhI sammilita hai) brahmANDa0 hai ki godAvarI samudra meM sAta mukhoM ke sAtha 3 / 13 / 68 / tI0 pra0(pa0466)ne 'sannihata' paDhA milatI hai| hai aura kahA hai ki yaha eka ATha kosa vistata saptacaratIrtha-dekhie 'vddvaa| jhIla hai aura ye cAra jhIleM haiM; sannihata, sannihatyA, saptadhAra--(sAbhramatI ke antargata) padma0 6 / 136316 sAnihatya evaM snnihtaa|| ('saptasArasvata' ke smaan)| sanihatI--(kucha graMthoM ke anusAra yaha kurukSetra kA saptanada--brahmANDa0 3 / 13 / 38 (deyaM saptanade zrAddhaM dUsarA nAma hai) vana0 83 / 190-195 / nIlakaNTha mAnase vA vishesstH)| ne vyAkhyA kI hai ki sannihatI kurukSetra kA eka anya saptapuSkariNI-(kazmIra meM thida para sAta dhArAe~) nAma hai| zloka 195 meM AyA hai ki sabhI tIrtha sTIna0, pRSTha 160 / ha0 ci0 (4 / 45) ne ise yahA~ para prati mAsa amAvAsyA ke dina ekatra hote haiN| saptakuNDa' kahA hai| Aine akabarI (jilda 2,

Page #503
1496 pR0 361 ) ne isakA ullekha kiyA hai- 'thida ke gA~va meM eka ramya sthala hai jahA~ sAta dhArAe~ milatI haiM / ' saptarSi - vi0 dha0 sU0 85 / 39 ( yahA~ kA zrAddha atyaMta puNyadAyaka hai) DA0 jAlI ne ise satArA mAnA hai / saptarSikuNDa -- (lohArgala ke antargata ) varAha0 151 / 46 ( jahA~ himAlaya se sAta dhArAe~ giratI haiM) / saptasAgara liGga -- ( vArA0 ke antargata ) skanda 0 4 / 33 / 136 / saptasAmudraka - - ( kubjAmraka ke antargata ) varAha0 126 / 91 / saptasAmudraka kUpa -- ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 157 / 12 / dharmazAstra kA itihAsa saptasArasvata--- - ( kurukSetra meM ) jahA~ muni maMkaNaka ne apane hAtha ko kuza 'kI nokoM se cheda DAlA thA aura jaba usase vanaspatIya tarala padArtha bahane lagA to ve harakula ho nAcate lage the / vana0 83 / 115, zalya0 38 / 4-31 (jahA~ sAtoM nAma varNita haiM), kUrma 0 2 / 35 / 44-76 (maMkaNaka kI gAthA ), padma0 1 / 27 / 4, vAma0 38 / 22-23 (maMkaNaka kI gAthA ), nArada0 2 / 65 / 101-104 (sAtI nadiyoM ke nAma diye gaye haiM) / saptavatI --- (nadI) bhAga0 5 / 19 / 18 / samaGgA --- ( madhuvilA nAmaka nadI ) vana0 134 / 3940, 13512 (jahA~ indra vRtravadha ke pApa se mukta hue the) / samaGgA nAma isalie par3A kyoMki yaha Ter3he aMgoM ko samAna banAtI hai / aSTAvakra ke aGga isameM snAna karane se sIdhe hue the| samantapaMcaka - - ( yaha kurukSetra hai) Adi0 211-5 (kSatriyoM ke rakta se bane pA~ca kuNDa jo pA~ca pavitra sarovaroM meM parivartita ho gaye the ) zalya0 37/45, 4452, 531-2 ( brahmA kI uttara vedI), padma 0 4 / 7 / 74 ( ' syamanta' pATha AyA hai), brahmANDa 0 3 / 47 / 11 evaM 14, vAma0 22120 ( 'sthamanta' ), 51-55 ( sara ko sannihita kahA gayA hai jo cAroM (22/16) ora se AdhA yojana hai) kintu vAma 0 ke anusAra yaha pA~ca yojana hai / samudrakUpa -- ( prayAga ke antargata) matsya0 106 / 30 / samudrezvara-- ( vArA0 ke antargata ) liGga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 105 ) / samasrota -- (mandAra ke antargata ) varAha0 143 / 24-26 / sammUrtika-- ( vArA0 meM eka tIrtha ) padma0 11376 / sampIThaka -- ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 157 / 37 // saMvartaka-- ( vArA0 ke antargata ) kUrma0 1135 / 6 / saMvartavApI vana0 85 / 31, padma0 1 / 39 / 29 / saMvartezvara -- ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 99) / saMvidyatIrtha - - vana0 85 / 1, padma0 1 / 39 / 1 / saraka --- ( kurukSetra ke antargata ) vana0 83 / 75-76, padma0 1 / 26 / 76, nAradIya0 2265/62-63 / sarastambha --- ( devadAru vana ke pAsa ) anu0 25|28| sarayU --- (nadI) R0 4|30|18, 51339, 10 64/9 ( sarasvatI, sarayu evaM sindhu eka sAtha varNita haiN)| ina RcAoM meM 'sarayu' zabda AyA hai, kintu saMskRta sAhitya meM 'zarayU' yA 'sarayU' AyA hai (matsya 0 22 / 19, vAyu0 45 / 94, nAradIya0 2 / 75171, raghuvaMza 13 / 95 evaM 100 ) / matsya 0 ( 121 / 16-17) evaM brahmANDa 0 2 / 18 / 70 ) meM AyA hai ki sarayU vaidyutagiri ke caraNa meM sthita mAnasa sarovara se nikalI hai| ayodhyA sarayU para sthita hai ( rAmA0 2 / 49 / 15) / sarayU himAlaya se nikalI hai (vAyu0 45 194 ) / isakA jala ' sArakha' kahalAtA thA ( kAzikA, pANini 6 / 4 / 174 meM AyA hai'sarayvAM bhavaM sAravam udakam ' ) / cullavagga (es 0 bI0 I0, jilda 20, pR0 302 ) meM yaha bhArata kI pA~ca bar3I nadiyoM meM vyakta hai, kintu milinda - prazna meM yaha dasa bar3I nadiyoM meM eka kahI gayI hai kintu donoM sthAnoM para isakA nAma 'sarabhU' hai ) / dekhie tIrthapra0 ( pR0 500 501 ) jahA~ yaha viSNu ke bAyeM aMgUThe se nikalI huI hai aura ghara

Page #504
tIrthasUcI meM milita kahI gayI hai| yaha TAlemI ( pR0 99 ) kI 'saraboja' hai| ise ghAgharA yA gharghara bhI kahA jAtA hai| sarasvatI -- ( Adhunika sarasuti) vaha nadI jo brahmasara se nikalatI hai ( zalya0 51 / 19 ke mata se ), badarikAzrama se (vAma0 2 / 42-43), plakSa vRkSa se ( vAma0 32 / 3-4 ke mata se ) / padma0 5 / 18 / 159-160 ( sarasvatI se kahA gayA hai ki vaha vAr3ava agni ko pazcima ke samudra meM pheMka de| sambhavataH yaha usa jvAlAmukhI viplava kI ora saMketa hai jisake phalasvarUpa sarasvatI antarhita ho gayI ) / vAma0 ( 318) kA kathana hai ki zaMkara brahmahatyA ke pApa se mukta hone para isameM kUda par3e the, isase yaha antarhita ho gyii| vana 0 (13013-4 ) ke anusAra yaha zUdroM, niSAdoM evaM AbhIroM ke sparza ke bhaya se lupta ho gayI / anu0 ( 155/25 - 27 ) kA kathana hai ki sarasvatI utathya ke zApa se marudeza meM calI gayI aura sUkhakara apavitra ho gayI / antardhAna hone ke uparAnta yaha camasorbheda, zivodbheda evaM nAgodbheda para dikhAI par3atI hai| sarasvatI kurukSetra meM 'prAcI sarasvatI' kahalAtI hai (padma0 5 / 18 / 181-182 ) / dekhie vibhinna sarasvatiyoM ke lie de (pRSTha 180-181) / na0 (13011-2 ) kA kathana hai ki jo sarasvatI para marate haiM ve svarga jAte haiM aura yaha dakSa kI kRpA kA phala hai jinhoMne yahA~ para eka yajJa kiyA thaa| dekhie olTama kA lekha, je0 Ara0 e0esa0, 1893, pR0 49-76 (2) isI nAma kI eka anya pavitra nadI jo arAvalI parvatamAlA ke anta meM dakSiNa-pazcima se nikalatI hai aura dakSiNa-pazcima meM bahatI huI pAlanapura, mahIkaNTha Adi jiloM ko pAra karatI tathA anhilavAr3a evaM siddhapura kI prAcIna nagariyoM se bahatI huI kaccha ke rana meM samA jAtI hai| dekhie 'prabhAsa' ke antargata | sarasvatI - aruNA-saGgama - - vana0 83 / 151, kUrma 0 2 / 30 / 22, zalya0 43 / 31 evaM a0 44 / 1497 sarasvatIpatana - ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 154 / 20 / sarasvatI - sAgara-saMgama - vana0 82/60, padma0 1 24 9, vAma 0 84 / 29 / sarkarAvartA --- (nadI) bhAga0 5 / 19 / 18 / sargabindu - ( narmadA ke antargata) kUrma 0 2 / 42 / 23 / sarvatIrtha - padma0 2 / 92 / 4 evaM 7 (prayAga, puSkara, sarvatIrtha evaM vArANasI aise tIrtha haiM jo brahmahatyA ke pApa ko bhI dUra karate haiM / sarvatIrthezvara-- ( vArA0 ke antargata ) skanda0 4|33| 134 / sarvahRda-- -- vana0 85 / 39 ( sthAna anizcita hai ) / sarvAtmaka - - ( kubjAmraka ke antargata ) varAha0 126 / 37 / sarvAyudha -- ( zAlagrAma ke antargata ) varAha0 145/56 // sahya yA sahyAdri - (bhArata ke sAta pramukha parvatoM meM eka ) brahma0 1612, matsya0 13040, brahmANDa 0 356 / 22, agni 0109 / 21 / sahasrakuNDa -- ( godA0 ke antargata ) brahma0 15411, ( tIrthasAra, pR0 59 ) / sahyAmalaka - dekhie 'Amalaka' / sahyAraNya - devIpurANa (tI0 ka0, pR0 244 ) / sahasrAkSa -- matsya0 22 / 52, yahA~ kA dAna atyaMta phaladAyaka hotA hai| sAketa - (ayodhyA) yaha TAlemI kI 'sAgeda' hai / dekhie brahmANDa 0 3 / 54 / 54; mahAbhASya ( jilda 1. pRSTha 281, pANini0 1 / 3 / 25 ) meM AyA hai'yaha mArga sAketa ko jAtA hai, punaH AyA hai--- ' yavana ne sAketa para gherA DAla diyA' (jilda 2, pR0 119, pANini 3 / 2 / 111 ; 'aruNad yavanaH sAketam'), yahA~ yavana kA saMketa mineNDara kI ora hai / suttanipAta (esa0 bI0 I0, jilda 10, bhAga 2, pR0 188 ) ne buddha ke kAla meM isakI carcA kI hai / phAhiyAna ne ise 'zA-cI' evaM hvenasAMga ne 'bisAkha' kahA hai| dekhie aiM0 ji0, pR0 401 - 407 / raghuvaMza (1379, 14/132, 15/38) ne

Page #505
1498 sAketa evaM ayodhyA ko eka hI mAnA hai / kAzikA (pANini 5 / 1 / 116) ne likhA hai - 'pATaliputravat sAkete parikhA, jisase prakaTa hotA hai ki 7vIM zatAbdI meM sAketa kA nagara caur3I khAI ke sAtha vidyamAna thaa| abhidhAnacintAmaNi ( pR0 182 ) ke mata se sAketa, kosalA evaM ayodhyA paryAya haiM / sAmalanAtha -- ( zyAmalanAtha) matsya0 22142, padma0 5 / 11 / 35 / de (pRSTha 200 ) ne ise mahIkaNTha ejensI ke sAmalAjI kahA hai| dharmazAstra kA itihAsa sAnandUra varAha0 150 / 5 / isakA vAstavika sthAna nahIM batAyA jA sktaa| yaha dakSiNI samudra evaM malaya ke madhya meM hai| yahA~ para viSNu kI pratimA sthApita huI thI jo kucha logoM ke kathanAnusAra lohe kI aura kucha ke kathanAnusAra tAmra yA sIsA yA patthara Adi kI thI / de ne isakA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / sAntezvara -- ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 66) / sAmudraka - (brahmAvarta ke pAsa ) vana0 984141 / sAmbapura -- ( 1 ) ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 377155 ( kulezvara nAma bhI AyA hai); (2) (candrabhAgA ke kinAroM para) bhaviSyapurANa, brahma0 140/3 | yaha Aja kA multAna hai| sAmudratIrtha - ( godA ke antargata) brahma0 1721 - 20, jisake lagabhaga 10 zloka tIrthasAra ( pR0 63-64 ) dvArA kucha pAThAntaroM ke sAtha uddhRta haiM / sAbhramato - sAgara-saMgama - padma0 6 / 166 / 1 / sAbhramatI -- ( Adhunika sAbaramatI nadI, jo mevAr3a kI pahAr3iyoM se nikalakara khambhAta kI khAr3I meM giratI hai) sAbaramatI kA maulika nAma zvabhravatI' hai, impI0 gaje0 iNDi0, jilda 21, pR0 344 / padma0 6 / 131 se adhyAya 170 taka isa nadI ke upatIrthoM kA savistara varNana hai / adhyAya 133 ke 2-6 taka ke zlokoM meM isakI sAta dhArAoM kA ullekha hai, yathA sAbhramatI, seTIkA ( zvetakA), bakulA, hiraNmayI, hastimatI (Adhunika hAthImatI), vetravatI (Adhunika vAtraka) evaM bhadramukhI / sArasvata --- (1) yahA~ zrAddha ati puNyakArI hai, matsya 0 22/63; (2) (vArA 0 ke antargata) kUrma 0 1 35/12, padma0 1137 / 15 / sArasvata tIrtha - zalya0 50 (asita, devala evaM jaMgI Savya kI gAthA ) ; 51 ( sarasvatI se sArasvata kA janma, jinhoMne RSiyoM ko 12 varSa ke durbhikSa meM veda par3hAye the) / sArasvata-liGga- ( vArA0 ke antargata ) skanda 0 4 / 33 / 134 / sAvarNIzvara -- ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 60 ) / sAvitrI -- (nadI, jo Adhunika ratnagiri evaM kolAbA jiloM kI sImA banAtI hai) padma0 6 / 113 / 28 / sAvitrItIrtha -- ( narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 194/6, kUrma 0 2042 / 19, padma0 1 / 21 / 6 | sAvitrIpada -- ( gayA ke antargata ) vana0 84 / 93 / sAvitrIzvara -- ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0 pR0 70 ) / sAhasrakatIrtha - - vana0 83 / 158, padma0 1 / 27 / 46 // siMha bAI0 sU0 (3|120 ) ke anusAra yaha eka vaiSNava kSetra hai / sambhavataH yaha vijagApaTTama (Adhunika vizAkhApattana) ke uttara-pazcima nRsiMhAvatAra kA siMhAcalam mandira hai / dekhie impI0 gaje0 iNDi0, jilda 12, pR0 375 / siddhakezvara -- (viraja tIrtha ke antargata ATha tIrthoM meM eka ) brahma0 42|6 // " siddhatIrtha - ( godAvarI ke antargata ) brahma0 143 / 1 / siddhapada -- (sarasvatI para eka tIrtha ) bhAga0 3 / 33 / 31 / siddhapura - ( ahamadAbAda se 60 mIla uttara) matsya 0 13 / 46 ( yahA~ devI mAtA kahI jAtI hai) / pitaroM ke lie jo gayA hai vahI mAtA ke lie siddhapura hai / yaha sarasvatI nadI para hai /

Page #506
tIrthasUcI siddhavana - matsya0 22 / 33 | yahA~ para zrAddha atyanta phaladAyaka hotA hai / siddhavaTa -- (1) ( lohArgala ke antargata ) varAha0 151 / 7 (2) (zrIparvata ke antargata ) liMga 0 1 / 92 / 653 / siddhikUTa - ( vArA0 ke antargata ) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 88 ) / matsya 0 siddhezvara -- (1) (vArA0 ke antargata ) 32 / 43 evaM 181 / 25 ( tI0 ka0, pR0 88, 117 evaM 241 ); (2) ( narmadA ke antargata) padma0 1|18|100, ( narmadA ke dakSiNI taTa para eka liMga) vAma0 46 34, padma0 | 20|34 / ( 3 ) ( godAvarI ke dakSiNI taTa para ) brahma0 128|1 | sindhu - (1) (Adhunika sindha nadI, yUnAnI 'siSThosa' ) R0 2 / 15/6 ( yahA~ sindhu ko uttara kI ora yA gayA hai) 5/539, 8/20/25 (oSadhi jo sindhu, asiknI evaM samudroM meM hai), 10 / 75 / 6 / sapta sindhu ( paMjAba kI pA~ca nadiyA~, sindhu evaM sarasvatI) R0 2 / 12 / 12. 4/28/1, 8 / 24 / 27, atharva 0 6 / 3 / 1 meM varNita hai / droNaparva 101 / 28 ( sindhuSaSThAH samudraNAH), rAja0 1 / 57 (sTIna kI TippaNI), nolamata0 394 ( sindhu gaMgA hai aura vitastA yamunA hai ) / dekhie varNana ke lie impI0 gaje0 iNDi0, jilda 1, pR0 29-30 / yaha kailAsa ke uttara tibbata se nikalatI hai / sindhu usa janapada kA bhI nAma hai jisameM yaha nadI bahatI hai ( pANini 4 | 3 | 93 kAzikA ( pANini 4 / 3 / 83, 'prabhavati' ) ne udAharaNa diyA hai-- dArAdI sindhuH' (sindhu nadI darada se nikalatI hai) / sindhu nadI rudradAmana ke jUnAgar3ha vAle abhilekha meM bhI ullikhita hai; (2) (eka nadI jo pAriyAtra se nikalakara yamunA meM milatI hai) vAyu. 45 98, matsya0 114/23, brahma0 27/28 / yaha vahI kAlI sindhu hai jo cambala evaM betavA ke madhya bahatA hai| mAlatImAdhava ne isake aura 'pArA' ke saMgama (aMka 4, anta meM) tathA isake aura 'madhu116 ), 1499 matI' (aMka 9, tIsare zloka ke pazcAt gadya) ke saMgama kA ullekha kiyA hai| nATaka ke dRzya meM padmAaat ko pArA evaM sindhu ke saMgama para rakhA gayA hai| sindhuprabhava --- ( sindhu kA udgama ) vana0 84146. padma0 1 / 32 / 10 / sindhusaagr-nRsiNh065|13 (tI0 ka0, pR0 252 ) / sindhu- sAgarasaMgama - - vana0 82268, vAyu0 77/56, padma0 1 / 24 / 16 / sindhUttama -- (jhIla) bana0 82 / 79 / sItavana -- ( kurukSetra ke antargata) padma0 1 / 26 / 55 sItatIrtha -- ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 179 / 28 / sItA--. ( gaMgA kI eka mUla zAkhA) vAyu0 47 / 21 evaM 39, bhAga0 5 / 1715 / sukumArI --- ( zuktimAn pahAr3a se nikalI huI nadI ) vAyu0 45 / 107 / sugandha -- ( sarasvatI ke antargata) padma0 1|32|1 | sugandhA -- vana0 84 / 10 vi0 dha0 sU0 20110 ( TokA ke anusAra yaha saugandhika parvata ke pAsa hai), padma0 1281, (sarasvatI ke antargata), padma0 aura vana0 meM eka hI zloka hai / sugrIvezvara -- ( vArA0 ke antargata ) liMga0 ( to0 ka0, pR0 51) / sucaka -- ( sarasvatI ke antargata ) vAma0 57179 / sutIrthaka- vana0 83 / 56 / sudina vana0 83|100 / sunandA -- (nadI) bhAga0 8 118 | sunIla- - ( vArA0 ke antargata) padma0 1137 3 | sundarikAtIrtha - vana0 84 / 57, anu0 25 / 21 ( devikA ke nAma para ) varAha0 215 / 104 / sundarikAhada - anu0 25 / 21 / sundarikA -- (nadI) padma0 1 / 32 / 21 / yaha eka pAli dohe meM uddhRta sAta pavitra nadiyoM meM eka hai| (esa0 bI0 I0, jilda 10, bhAga 2, pR0 74) / suparNA - (godA0 kI eka sahAyaka nadI) brahma0 10011 /

Page #507
1500 supArzva - padma0 6 / 129 / 16 / suyogA - ( una nadiyoM meM eka jo agni kI mAtAe~ haiM) vana0 222 / 253, mArka 0 54/26, vAyu 0 45 / 104 / isakI pahacAna nahIM ho sakatI, yadyapi yaha kahA gayA hai ki yaha sahya se nikalI hai (brahmANDa 0 2 / 16 / 35), kucha loga isakI pahacAna pennAra se karate haiN| dekhie epi0 iNDi0, jilda 27, pR0 273 / subhadra sindhu- saMgama - - padma0 6 / 129 / 25 / subhUmika-- ( sarasvatI para eka tIrtha ) zalya0 37 - 23 ( yahA~ balarAma Aye the ) / sumantuliMga - ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 97) / surabhivana --- ( himAlaya meM zilodA nadI para ) brahmANDa 0 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa suvarNasikatA -- - (nadI) isakA nAma jUnAgar3ha vAle zilAlekha ( rudradAmana, 155 I0 epi0 iNDi0, jilda 8, pR0 36 evaM 42 ) meM AyA hai / Ajakala yaha kAThiyAvAr3a meM sonarekhA ke nAma se vikhyAta hai / suvAstu-- (nadI, kAbula nadI meM milanevAlI Adhunika svAta) R0 8 / 19 / 37 | yaha eriyana (aiM0 iNDiyA, pR0 191 ) kI soASTosa hai / pANini (4/2/77 ) ko suvAstu jJAta thI / svAta ke pAsa prasiddha bauddhagAthAoM vAle saMskRta ke zilAlekha pAye gaye haiM (epi0 iNDi0, jilda 2, pR0 133 ) / suvratasya Azrama -- ( dRSadvatI para ) vana0 90 / 12-13 // suSumnA -- ( 1 ) ( gayA ke antargata naMdI) nArada 0 2147 36; (2) ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (to0 ka0, pR0 35 ) ( ise matsyodarI bhI kahate 2 / 18 / 23 / haiM) / 36 / surabhikezvara -- ( narmadA ke antargata) padma0 1118/- suSomA-- (nadI) R0 8 64|11 / R0 (101752 5) meM yaha zabda kisI nadI kA dyotaka hai kintu nirukta (9 / 26 ) ne ise sindhu mAnA hai; bhAga0 5 / 19 | 18 | sTIna (DA0 Ara0 jI0 bhaNDArakara abhinandana graMtha, pR0 21 28, rivara nemsa ina Rgveda') kA kathana hai ( pR0 26) ki suSomA sohana (sujana) hai jo rAvalapiNDI jile meM bahatI huI namaka kI zreNI ke uttara sindhu taka pahuMcatI hai| susartu--nadI, sindhu ke pazcima usakI sahAyaka nadI / R0 10/75/6 / kItha ko yaha nahIM mAlUma ho sakA ki sindhu kI yaha kauna-sI sahAyaka nadI thI / sutIkSNAzrama- - rAmA0 3 / 7, raghuvaMza 13 | 41 (agastyA - zrama se kucha dUra pr)| sUkaratIrtha -- ( barelI aura mathurA ke bIca meM gaMgA ke pazcima taTa para soroM) aiM0 ji0, pR0 346-365 ke mata se / dekhie impI0 gaje0 iNDi0, jilda 23, pR0 88-89 / varAha0 a0 137-139; tI0 ka0 ( pR0 209-212 ) ne kevala varAha0 ke 137veM adhyAya se 37 zloka uddhRta kiye haiN| nAradIya 2 / 40 / 31 evaM 60 / 22 ( yahA~ para acyuta varAha ke surasA -- (nadI) viSNu 0 2 | 3 | 11 ( vindhya se nikalatI hai), brahmANDa0 2 / 16 / 29 (RkSavAn se nikalatI hai), bhAga0 5 / 19 / 18 / surezvarI kSetra - ( kazmIra meM izAbara nAmaka Adhunika grAma jo Dala jhIla ke uttara do mIla kI dUrI para hai) rAja0 5 137, nIlamata0 1535, sTIna-smRti pR0 161, yahA~ kA mukhya AkarSaNa hai guptagaMgA nAmaka eka pavitra dhArA / suvarNa-vana0 84|18, agni0 109 / 16, padma0 1|28|19 ( jahA~ para viSNu ne rudra kI prasannatA cAhI thI / suvarNatilaka -- ( narmadA ke antargata) padma0 1 / 18 / 46 / suvargAkSa -- ( vArA0 ke antargata) matsya0 181 25, kUrma 0 2 / 35 / 19 / suvarNarekhA -- ( raivataka ke pAsa eka pavitra naMdI) skanda0 72111-3 ( sambhavataH yaha Age vAlI nadI bhI hai / baMgAla meM bhI isI nAma kI eka nadI hai) / dekhie impo0 gaje0 iNDi, jilda 23, pR0 114 /

Page #508
tIrthasUcI rUpa meM prakaTa hue the ), padma0 6 / 121 / 6-7 (4 yojana kA vistAra hai ) / kucha graMthoM meM 'zUkaratIrtha' nAma AyA hai / sUryatIrtha - (1) (vArA0 ke antargata) vana0 83 / 48, kUrma 0 1 / 35 / 7, padma0 1 / 37 7 (2) ( mathurA ke antargata) varAha0 152/50, 156 / 12 jahA~ virocana ke putra bali ne sUrya ko prasanna kiyA thA / setu - ( rAmezvara evaM zrIlaMkA ke bIca kA kalpita pula, jise rAma ne sugrIva evaM usake vAnaroM kI sahAyatA se nirmita karAyA ) bhAga0 7 14131, 10 / 79 / 15 ( sAmudra setu), garur3a 118118, nArada0 2|76 (setumAhAtmya pAyA jAtA hai)| ise 'Adama kA brija' (pula) bhI kahA jAtA hai| solona (zrIlaMkA kA apabhraza-sA lagatA hai) kI Adama nAmaka coTI para eka pada cihna hai, jise hindU, bauddha, IsAI evaM musalamAna sabhI sammAna se dekhate haiN| tIrthapra0 pR0 557-560, jahA~ isakA mAhAtmya varNita hai / setubandha -- vahI jo uparyukta hai| dekhie tIrthasAra, pR0 1-4 evaM tIrthapra0 pR0 557-560, rAmA0 6 / 22 / 45-53, 6 / 126 / 15 / padma (5/35/62) kA kathana hai ki setu tIna dinoM meM nirmita huA thA / skanda 0 3, brahmakhaNDa, adhyAya 1-52 meM setu-mAhAtmya, isake sahAyaka yA goNa tIrtha yA setuyAtrAkrama hai / yahA~ prAyazcitta ke lie bhI loga jAte haiM / saMloba --- ( aruNa parvata ke caraNa kI eka jhIla) vAyu0 47 20, brahmANDa0 2 / 18 / 21-23 / saMndhavAraNya --- ( jahA~ cyavana RSi sukanyA ke sAtha rahate the) vana0 125 / 13, vAma0 (to0 ka0, pR0 239 ) / vana0 (89/59 ) ne ise pazcima meM kahA hai| sovaranAga-- ( kazmIra meM ) nIlamata0 13-14, yaha Dala jhIla meM AnevAle ( antarmukhI) gahare nAle ke Upara sthita Adhunika sudarbala gA~va hai| dekhie rAja0 1 / 123-126 evaM 2 / 169 tathA sTInasmRti, pR0 164 / sTIna ne TippaNI kI ki bhUtezvara ke mandira ke bhagnAvazeSa ke pAsa sthita Aja ke nArAna 1501 nAga kA purAnA nAma sodara hai / nIlamata0 ne ise bhUteza evaM kanakavAhinI ke sAtha ullikhita kiyA hai / bhUtezvara se zrInagara lagabhaga 32 mIla hai| somakuNDa (gayA ke antargata ) agni0 116 / 4 / somatIrtha - ( 1 ) ( sarasvatI ke kinAre) vAmana0 414, vana0 83 / 114, matsya0 109 / 2 (2) ( narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 191 / 30, padma0 1 / 18 / 30 evaM 27/3, kUrma0 2 / 41 / 47 (3) ( vArA0 ke antargata ) kUrma0 1 / 35 / 7, padma0 1137/7; (4) (go0 ke antargata ) brahma0 105/1, 119 | 1 ; ( 5 ) ( mathurA ke antargata ) varAha0 154 / 18; (6) (kokAmukha ke antargata ) varAha 0 140 / 26-28; (7) (viraja ke antargata) brahma0 42 / 6; (8) (sUkara ke antargata ) varAha0 137 / 43 (jahA~ soma ne sarvottama siddhi prApta kI tho); (9) ( sAbhramatI ke antargata ) padma0 6 / 154 / 1 / somanAtha -- ( 1 ) ( sorASTra meM verAvala ke pAsa) agni0 109 / 10 (somanAthaM prabhAsaka ), padma0 6 / 176/37; dekhie aiM0 ji0 pR0 319 ora 'prabhAsa' ke antargata ; (2) ( gayA ke antargata ) agni0 116 | 23 | eka prasiddha zloka hai -- 'sarasvatI samudrazca somaH somagrahastathA / darzana somanAthasya sakArAH paMca durlabhAH // somapada -- vana0 841119 / somapAna - matsya 0 22 / 62 / somAzrama - vana0 84 / 157 / someza - ( vArA0 ke antargata ) kUrma0 1 / 35 / 9 / somezvara-- ( 1 ) ( sabhI rogoM ko dUra karatA hai ) matsya0 22 / 29, kUrma0 2 / 35 | 20; (2) ( zAlagrAma ke antargata ) varAha0 144 / 16 29 / saurava -- (jaisA ki veMkaTezvara presa meM mudrita varAha0 137 / 7 meM pAyA jAtA hai), saMbhavataH saukaraka zuddha hai | dekhie sUkaratIrtha ke antargata / saugandhikagiri - matsya0 121 / 5 ( kailAsa ke uttarapUrva ) /

Page #509
1502 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa saugandhikavana-vana0 8414, padma0 112815-6 vaam040|3 (sarasvatI ke uttarI taTa para), 42 / 30 (donoM meM eka hI zloka hai)| (yahA~ 1000 liMga the), 49 / 6-7 (yaha sAnihatya saubhadra--Adi0 21613 (dakSiNI samudra para pAMca jhIla para thaa)| vAma0 (a0 47-49) ne isa nArI-tIrthoM meM ek)| tIrtha ke mAhAtmya ke viSaya meM likhA hai| de (pR0 saumitrisaMgama--(zrAddha ke lie ati uttama) matsya 194) ke anusAra yaha thAnezvara hI hai| 22 / 53 / sthAnezvara--(Adhunika thAnezvara, jo ambAlA se skandatIrtha-(narmadA ke antargata) padma0 1118 / 19, 25 mIla dakSiNa hai) matsya0 1333 (yahA~ kI devI matsya0 191150 / bhavAnI haiN)| dekhie aiM0 ji0, pR0 329-332 / skandezvara--(vArA0 meM) skanda0 4 / 33 / 125, liMga0 mahamUda gajanavI ne ise 1814 I0 meM luuttaa| (to0 ka0, pR0 68) / harSacarita meM bANa ne ise sthANvozvara deza snAnakuNDa--(matharA ke antargata) varAha0 143 / kahA hai| 18-20 / sthAnezvara--(eka liGga, vArA0 meM) liGga. 1192|stnkunndd--vn0 841152, varAha0 215 / 97 (stanakuNDe umaayaastu)| svacchoda--(yaha jhIla hai) dekhie 'acchod|' stambhatIrtha-(khambhAta kI khAr3I para sthita Adhunika svacchodA-(nadI) brahmANDa0 2118 / 6, (candraprabha khambhAyata) kurma0 2 / 41151, padma0 1118193 nAmaka parvata para svacchoda jhIla se nikalI huii)| (donoM ise narmadA ke antargata kahate haiN)| stambhatIrtha svataMtrezvara--(narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 191 / 6 / tIrthasAra (pR0 101) meM ullikhita hai| dekhie svayambhUtIrya- (kazmIra ke macchIpura paragane meM Adhunika iNDiyana aiNTikverI, jilda 54 pR0 47 / suyama) rAja0 1134, ha0 ci0 14180 / yahA~ para stambhAkhya-tIrtha-(mahI-sAgara saMgama ke pAsa) skanda0 jvAlAmukhI ke rUpa dikhAI par3ate haiM aura kabhI-kabhI 112 / 3 / 27 / sambhavataH yaha uparyukta tIrtha hI hai| yAtriyoM dvArA arpita zrAddha-AhutiyA~ pRthvI se nivastambhezvara--skanda0 112 / 3 / 40 / latI huI vASpoM dvArA jala uThatI haiN| sthalezvara-- (eka zivatIrtha) matsya0 181 / 27 / svargatIrtha-anu0 25 / 33 / stutasvAmI--(maNipUra giri para eka viSNukSetra) svargadvAra---(1) (kurukSetra ke antargata) padma 1 / 27 / 55; varAha0 14868-81 / tIrthakalpa0 (222-224) (2) (vArA ke antargata) kUrma 1 // 35 // 4, padma0 ne varAha0 ke 148 veM adhyAya se binA kisI TIkA 1 / 37 / 4; (3) (gayA ke antargata) agni0 116 / 4 TippaNI ke 20 zloka uddhRta kara liye haiN| zloka (yahA~ 'svargadvArI' zabda AyA hai; (4) (puruSottama 75-76 meM nAma kI vyAkhyA huI hai (yaha devatA anya ke antargata) nAradIya0 2 / 56 / 31 / devatAoM evaM nArada, asita tathA devala RSiyoM dvArA svargabindu-(narmadA ke antargata) padma. 1 / 21 / 15 / 'stuta' the)| de ne isakI carcA nahIM kI hai aura pro0 svargamArgahrada--vi0 dha0 sU0 65 / 41 / AyaMgara, ne bhI isakI pahacAna nahIM kI hai| svargezvara--(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, strI-tIrgha--(narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 194 / 31 / pR0 48) / sthANatIrtha-- (sarasvatI ke antargata, jahA~ vasiSTha kA svarNabindu--(narmadA ke antargata) anu0 25 / 9, matsya. Azrama thA) zalya0 4214, (vasiSTha kA Azrama isa 194115 / tIrtha ke pUrva meM hai aura vizvAmitra kA pazcima meM), svarNarekhA--(nadI, vastrApatha kSetra meM, arthAt Adhunika

Page #510
tIrthasUcI 1503 giranAra evaM isake Asa-pAsa kI bhUmi para) skanda0 zikhara jisake pUrva ora kAlodaka jhIla hai aura jo 7 / 2 / 3 / 2 evaM 7 / 2 / 10 / 209 / svayaM uttara mAnasa ke pAsa hai| dekhie ha. ci. svarNalomApanayana-pama0 1 / 26 / 58 / 4 / 87-88 evaM vikramAMkadevacarita 18.55 / alasvAmitIrtha-matsya0 22 / 63, kUrma0 2 / 37 / 19-21 / / barUnI (jilda 1, pR0 207) kA kahanA hai ki jhelama (yahA~ skanda sadaiva upasthita rahate haiN)| de (pR0 haramakoTa parvata se nikalatI hai jahA~ se gagA bhI 107) ne ise kauMca parvata para sthita tiruttanI se eka nikalatI hai| dekhie rAja0 (3 / 448) para sTIna mIla dUra sthita kumArasvAmI kA mandira kahA hai| kI ttippnnii| svarNabindu--(nadI) vAyu0 77 / 95, kUrma 0 2 / 37 / 37 / haramaNDa--(kazmIra ke pAsa eka tIrtha) nIlamata0 svaliGgezvara-(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 1 / 92 / 78, 1455 / skanda0 4 / 33 / 123 (isake nAma kI vyAkhyA kI haridvAra-(ise gaMgAdvAra evaM mAyApurI bhI kahate haiM) gayI hai)| yaha uttara pradeza ke sahAranapura jile meM gaMgA ke svastipura- (gaMgAhrada evaM gagAkUpa ke pAsa) vana0 dAhine kinAre hai| yaha sAta pavitra nagariyoM meM 831174 / parigaNita hotA hai| padma0 4 / 17 / 66, 6 / 21 / 1, 6 / 22 / 18, 6 / 135 / 37 (mANDavya ne yahA~ tapa kiyaa)| dekhie 'bIla' kA lekha, bI0 Ara0 DablU0 haMsakuNDa--(dvArakA ke antargata) varAha0 149 / 46 / DablU0, jilda 1, pR0 197, jahA~ hvenasAMga kA vacana haMsatIrtha--(1) (gayA ke antargata) agni0 116 // hai ki pAMca bhAratoM ke loga ise gaMgA kA dvAra kahate 30, nArada0 2 / 47 / 30: (2) (narmadA ke haiM aura sahasroM vyakti snAna karane ke lie ekatra antargata) matsya0 193 / 72; (3) (zAlagrAma hote haiN| kaniMghama (ai0 ji0, pR0 352) kA yaha ke antargata usake pUrva) varAha0 1441152-155 kathana ki haridvAra tulanAtmaka dRSTi se Avanika (nAma kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai), dekhie 'yjnytiirth'| nAma hai, kyoMki alabarUnI ne ise kevala gaMgAdvAra haMsadvAra--(kazmIra ke pAsa) nIlamata0 1464 / kahA hai, yaktisaMgata nahIM jaMcatA, kyoMki skanda0 (4) haMsapada-(vizAkhayUpa ke pAsa) vAma0 81 / 10 / evaM padma0 (4) ne 'haridvAra' zabda kA ullekha kiyA haMsaprapatana--(prayAga ke antargata) vana0 85 / 87, hai aura yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki ye alabarUnI matsya0 106 / 32 (gaMgA ke pUrva evaM pratiSThAna ke (1030 I.) ke pazcAt likhe gaye haiN| sambhavataH uttara), kUrma0 1137 / 24, padma0 1 / 39 / 40, agni0 11vIM zatAbdI meM haridvAra kI apekSA gaMgAdvAra adhika 111 / 10 / pracalita thaa| alabarUnI (jilda 1, pR0 199) hanumattIrya- (godAvarI ke antargata) isake uttarI kA kahanA hai ki gaMgA kA udgama gaMgAdvAra kahA taTa para) brahma0 129 / 1 / jAtA hai| hayatIrSa--matsya0 22 / 69 / harikezvara--(vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 hayamukti-(mathurA ke antargata) varAha0 160 / 23 / ka0, pR0 113) / hayasira--(zrAddha ke yogya sthala) brahmANDa 0 3 / 13 / 46, harikezezvara-(vArA0 ke antargata) tI0 ka0, pR0 vAyu0 7746 / 84 (sambhavataH yaha Upara vAlA hI hai)| haramakuTa--(kazmIra kI pracalita bhASA meM haramukha) harizcandra--(1) (vArA0 ke antargata eka tIrtha) nIlamata0 1320, 1322, 1231; himAlaya kA matsya 0 22 / 52 (zrAddha ke lie upayukta sthAna)

Page #511
1504 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa 181 / 28. agni0 112/3; (2) ( godA0 ke dakSiNI taTa para ) brahma0 104 / 86 evaM 88; (3) ( eka parvata) devala ( tI0 ka0, 250 ) / harizcandrezvara - ( vArA0 ke antargata ) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 117) / haritezvara - ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 120) / hariparvata -- ( zrInagara kI eka pahAr3I, sArikA parvata yApITha) kazmIra riporTa pR0 17, vikramAGka devacarita 18 / 15 / harItaka. vana -- dekhie gata adhyAya 14 ' vaidyanAtha' / hariharakSetra -- (1) (tuMgabhadrA para ) nRsiMha0 65/18 (tI0 ka0, pR0253), padma0 6 / 176 / 46 evaM 6 - 1833, varAha0 144 / 145 ( devATa bhI kahA gayA hai); (2), gaNDakI aura gaMgA kA saMgama sthala sonapura jahA~ para gajendra mokSa huA thA ) varAha0 144 / 116135 / vAma0 (85 / 4-76) ne gajendramokSa kI kathA ko trikUTa parvata para vyakta kiyA hai| haro bheda -- (zrAddha ke lie upayukta sthala) matsya 0 22 / 25 / hariyUpIyA - ( eka nadI ) R0 6 27 5 ( sambhavataH himavAn -- R0 (10 / 1212 / 4) evaM atharvaveda (4/2/5) kurukSetra meM ) / meM bahuvacana kA prayoga hai ( vizve himavantaH ) / kintu atharvaveda (5 / 4 / 2 evaM 8, 4 / 24 / 1 ) meM ekavacana kA prayoga hai / kenopaniSad ( 3 / 25) meM umA haimavatI kA ullekha hai| vana 0 ( 158/19 ), udyoga 0 ( 11 / 12) evaM pANini (4|4|112 ) meM himavAn kA ullekha hai tathA kUrma 0 (2 / 37 / 46-49) meM isakI lambAI 1080 yojana hai| yaha bhAratavarSa kA varSa - parvata hai tathA anya pramukha sAta parvatoM ko kula-parvata kahA gayA hai| matsya 0 ( 117-118) meM isake vRkSoM, puSpoM evaM pazuoM kA sundara varNana kiyA gayA hai / himAlaya zabda veda-bhinna graMthoM meM bhI AyA hai, yathA gItA (10 / 25) / himavAn kA artha hai pUrva harSapathA -- ( kazmIra meM, zacI kazyapa kI prArthanA ke phalasvarUpa yaha dhArA ho gayI ) nIlamata0 309 / hastatIrtha -- (haMsatIrtha) kUrma 0 2 / 42 / 13 ( narmadA para ) / hAstinapura yA hastinApura- (kuruoM kI rAjadhAnI jo bharata doSyanti ke prapautra rAjA hastina ke nAma para par3I ) yaha dillI ke uttara-pUrva meM hai| Adi0 95 / 34, rAmA0 2 / 68/13 ( hAstinapura), viSNu 0 4 / 2118, bhAga0 9 / 22 / 40 / jaba yaha gaMgA dvArA bahA diyA gayA to janamejaya ke pautra nicaknu ne atara ko apanI rAjadhAnI bnaayaa| pANini ( 6 2101 ) ko hAstinapura jJAta thA / aura dekhie mahAbhASya, jilda 1, pR0 380, pANini 2 / 1 / 16 / hastipAdezvara - ( sthANuvaTa ke pUrva meM eka zivaliMga ) vAma0 46 / 59 / hastipAlezvara - ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 76) / hATaka -- (karor3oM hatyAoM ke pApoM kA nivAraka ) padma0 4 / 17 / 67 // hATakezvara - vAma0 63 / 78 (sapta godAvara para ) / hArakuNDa -- ( hArapura ke pAsa ) liMga 0 1192 164 / hArItatoyaM -- ( zrAddha ke lie prasiddha sthala) matsya 0 2262 ( vasiSThatIrtha ke bAhara ) / AsAma se lekara paMjAba ke pazcima taka sampUrNa parvata zreNI / mArka0 (51 / 24) kA kathana hai ki kailAsa evaM himavAn pUrva se pazcima taka phaile hue haiM aura do samudroM ke bIca meM sthita haiM tathA himavAn bhArata ( jisake dakSiNa, pazcima evaM pUrva samudra haiM) ke uttara meM dhanuSa kI pratyaMcA ke samAna hai (mArka0 54|59 ) / himavat- araNya - devIpurANa (to0 ka0, pR0 244 ) / himAlaya - - dekhie 'himavAn' Upara / hiraNyakazipu-liGga- ( vArA0 ke antargata ) liMga 0 ( tI0 ka0, pR0 43 ) | hiraNyAkSezvara - ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 47) /

Page #512
tIryasUcI hiraNyagarbha - ( vArA0 ke antargata eka liGga ) kUrma0 1 / 35 / 13, liMga0 1 / 92 / 76, padma0 1 / 35 / 16, liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 48 ) / hiraNyadvazeSa-- (narmadA ke antargata) matsya0 193 / 68, padma0 1120/66 / hiraNyabAhu -- ( yUnAnI lekhakoM kI eranoboasa, zoNa nadI) dekhie aiM0 iNDiyA, pR0 68 / yaha bA~kIpura ke pAsa gaMgA meM mila jAtI hai| eriyana (aiM0 iNDi0, pR0 186 ) ne erana boasa evaM sonosa ko pRthak-pRthak mAnA hai / yaha sunahale hAthoM vAlI sambhavataH isalie kahI gayo hai ki isakI bAlU sunahare raMga kI hai aura isameM sone ke kaga bho pAye jAte haiN| hiraNyabindu -- (kAliMjara meM eka parvata) vana0 87 / 21, anu0 25 / 10 / hiraNyavatI - (nadI, jisa para malloM kA zAlakuJja evaM kuzonArA kA upavattana upasthita thA ) esa0 bI0 I0, jilda 11, pR0 85 / yaha gaNDakI nadI hai| dekhie aiM0 ji0, pR0 453 / hiraNyavAha-- vahI zoNa evaM eriyana kI erannaboasa. jo tIsarI bar3I nadI thI aura anya do sindhu evaM gaMgA thiiN| (aiM0 ji0, pR0 452) / 1505 hiraNyAkSa -- matsya0 22/52 ( yahA~ dAna karma atyaMta phaladAyaka hotA hai) / hiraNyAsaMgama -- ( sAbhramatI ke antargata ) padma0 6 / 13511 / hiraNyato-- ( eka lar3akI ise kosala le gayo ) vAma 0 34 / 8 ( sAta yA nau pavitra nadiyoM meM ), 64 / 11 evaM 19, 90/32, anu0 166 / 25, udyoga 0 1527 ( kurukSetra meM jahA~ pANDavoM ne apane zibira khar3e kiye the ), 160 1, bhISma0 9 / 25 / hetukezvara - ( vArA0 ke antargata) liMga0 (tI0 ka0, pR0 92 ) / hemakUTa --- ( kailAsa kA dUsarA nAma ) bhISma0 614, brahmANDa 0 2 / 14 / 48 evaM 15 / 15 ( yahA~ himavAn evaM hemakUTa bhinna bhinna varNita haiM ) / hRSIkeza -- ( haridvAra ke uttara meM lagabhaga 14 mIla dUra gaMgA para ) varAha0 146 / 63-64 ( kahA jAtA hai ki yahA~ viSNu kA nivAsa hai ) / homatIrtha - ( vArA0 ke antargata ) kUrma 0 1 35 / 11 / hrAdinI -- (nadI) rAmA0 2071 / 2 ( kekaya deza se Ate hue bharata ne pahale isako pAra kiyA taba zatad para Aye ) 1

Page #513
tIrtha-sambandhI niSkarSAtmaka vaktavya hamane Arambha meM hI 20vIM zatAbdI ke bhAratIyoM kI parvatoM, nadiyoM evaM punIta sthaloM se sambandhita manovRttiyoM ke sambandha meM kucha zabda likha dene kI ora saMketa kara diyA thaa| Adhanika dharma-nirapekSa zikSA tathA vartamAna Arthika dazAoM evaM vibhinna prakAra kI pravattiyoM ne naitika evaM AdhyAtmika unnati ke lie na kucha-sA chor3a rakhA hai| hama loga cintA, abhAva, dAridraya, nirmamatA evaM aparAdha-vRttiyoM se Abaddha-se ho uThe haiN| ataH ina paristhitiyoM meM una logoM kA, jo deza kA kalyANa cAhate haiM, yaha kartavya ho jAtA hai ki una AcaraNoM ko ve avazya mahattva deM, athavA unheM tadanakala mahattA deM jo hama sabhI ko saMkIrNatA se dUra kara kucha kSaNoM ke lie ucca AzayoM evaM abhikAMkSAoM ke prati mananazIla banAte haiM aura bhautikavAda ke vyApaka svarUpa se taTastha rahane kI preraNA dete haiN| tIrtha-yAtrA inhIM samudAyoM athavA saMsthAoM meM eka hai| una logoM ko, jinheM yaha vizvAsa hai ki tIrthayAtrA se svarga kI prApti hotI hai, puNya prApta hote haiM tathA isa saMsAra se chuTakArA milatA hai, tIrthayAtrA ko naye raMga meM DAlanA hogA aura dekhanA hogA ki unakI dAna-dakSiNA aise bhraSTa purohitoM ko na prApta ho jo pramAdI evaM jJAnarahita haiM, aura unheM tIrthasthaloM para prayukta pUjA-paddhatiyoM meM sudhAra karanA hogA jisase svAsthya-sambandhI sabhI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ho ske| purohita varga ke logoM ko aba yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki AnevAlI pIr3hiyoM meM aba unakI tIrthasambandhI vRtti samApta-sI ho jAnevAlI hai| prAcIna paramparAe~ unheM tabhI sudRDha rakha sakatI haiM jaba ki ve apane tathAkathita dhArmika kAryakalApoM meM parivartana kareM, pramAda evaM ajJAnatA se dUra hoM aura vAstavika artha meM ve yAtriyoM ke pathapradarzaka siddha hoN| yaha bAta bahata sImA taka Thoka jaMcatI hai ki aba tIrthayAtrI apekSAkRta kama saMkhyA meM tIthoM meM ekatra hoMge, kyoMki dharma-nirapekSa zikSA kA antatogatvA yahI pariNAma hotA hai| yadi punIta parvatoM evaM nadiyoM kI tIrthayAtrA sarvathA samApta ho gayI to sacamaca, bhArata kI naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mahattA vipattigrasta ho jaaygii| aisI paristhiti meM ucca-zikSA prApta bhAratIyoM se yahI anurodha hai ki kucha pavitra athavA divya sthaloM kI yAtrA kabhI-kabhI ve avazya kreN| aba hama svataMtra ho cuke haiM, apanI mAtRbhUmi ke koTi-koTi nAgarikoM ke caritra ko uThAnA athavA girAnA hama logoM ke ucita kartavya para hI nirbhara hai| tIyoM kI yaha bhAvanA ki bhautika svarUpoM, khAdya padArthoM, vastroM evaM AcaraNoM kI vibhinnatA ke rahate bhI hama sabhI eka haiM, yaha ki isa vizAla janabhUmi kA koI bhI janapada yA bhAga aisA nahIM hai jisane dhArmika evaM dArzanika vicAroM meM vRddhi na kI ho, yaha ki sAhitya, kalA evaM tIrthoM se utpanna nava-nava abhicetanAeM samRddhi ko prApta hotI rahI haiM aura bhArata ke kisI eka kone ke nivAsiyoM ke bhAgya anya bhAgoM ke nivAsiyoM se jar3e haiM--isa bAta kI ora prabala saMketa karate haiM ki hama sabhI eka haiN| yadi hameM apanI svataMtratA kI rakSA karanI hai to yaha anivArya-sA hai ki hama bhArata ke dUra-dUra sthaloM ko yAtrA kareM, anya bhAgoM ke logoM se mileM, unake vilakSaNa taura-tarIkoM se paricita hoM, unakI AvazyakatAeM evaM durbalatAe~ jaaneN| himAlaya kI parvata-zreNiyoM se bhArata ko pramakha tIna lAbha haiM.--isameM vizva ke sarvocca zikhara pAye jAte haiM,

Page #514
tIrthayAtrA kI upAdeyatA 1507 isase vizAla evaM jIvana- pradAyinI nadiyAM phUTI haiM aura ati prAcIna kAla se isameM bahuta-se mandira evaM tIrthasthala vidyamAna haiM, jo maharSiyoM, muniyoM evaM vIroM kI jIvana-gAthAoM se saMyukta haiN| pratyeka bhAratIya ko, jise apane dharma evaM AdhyAtmikatA kA abhimAna hai, apane jIvana ke kucha dina parvatoM, nadiyoM evaM tIrtha sthaloM kI yAtrA meM bitAne caahie| jaba hama dUra se himAlaya kI himAcchAdita coTiyoM kI pavitra zvetatA evaM zAntatA parakhate haiM aura yaha dekhate haiM ki sUrya kI kiraNoM ke sAtha ve kisa prakAra, nIla, gulAbI Adi vibhinna raMgoM meM camaka uThatI haiM, to hamArA mana Azcarya, harSa, ullAsa Adi ke sAtha Upara uThAne vAlI bhAvanAoM se bhara uThatA hai| kaMcanajaMghA ke sadRza zikharoM ko AhlAdita karanevAlI dRzyAvaliyA~ eka avismaraNIya anubhUti udbhAsita karatI haiN| aura hama vizAlatA kI ora haThAt unmukha ho jAte haiN| jaba hama haridvAra meM prAtaH, rAtri yA saMdhyAkAla meM punIta gaMgA kI chabi dekhate haiM evaM vArANasI ke vizAla ghAToM kI saraNiyA~ nirakhate haiM to hamAre mana kI saMkIrNatA vilupta ho jAtI hai aura usameM prakRti-saundarya evaM zucitA bhara uThatI hai tathA hama haThAt ananta ke sAtha ekarasa ekabhAva evaM ekaraMga ho jAte haiN| Aja hamAre himAlaya para anyoM ke abhiyAna ho rahe haiN| isameM sandeha nahIM ki zerapA ternAsaha Adi evaM hilArI ne sAgaramAthA ke mahAnatama zikhara para pahu~cakara apane dhairya evaM amogha zakti kA paricaya de diyA hai, kintu isase himAlaya kI durdamanIya zakti, vizAlatA, mahAn gaurava, adbhuta prakRti-saundarya Adi para koI A~ca nahIM aayii| hameM apane aitihAsika, dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika himAlaya kI zrI rakSA karanI hI hai, kyoMki isI meM hamArI bhautika unnati kI zaktiyA~ bhI chipI huI haiN| hameM paMcanada, sarasvatIkSetra, brahmAvarta, AryAvarta, bihAra, lauhitya Adi kI jIvana-dAyinI nadiyoM ko unake dhArmika, AdhyAtmika evaM saMskRti-garbhita artha meM sadaiva mAnanA hai, kyoMki ve hamArI sabhI prakAra kI samRddhi ke sAtha Adi kAla se jur3I huI haiN| 117

Page #515
pariziSTa dharmazAstra-sambandhI granthoM kI tAlikA dharmazAstra ke granthoM kI tAlikA upasthita karane kI vidhi ke viSaya meM kucha zabda likha denA Avazyaka hai| zrIta granthoM meM kevala unhIM kA uddharaNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai jinheM dharmazAstra-lekhakoM ne uddhata kiyA hai yA jina para ve nirbhara rahate haiN| tantra ke granthoM evaM purANoM ko chor3a diyA gayA hai, kyoMki saMskRta-sAhitya meM unakI pRthak vyavasthA hai aura unake lie vizada vyAkhyA kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai tathA aisA karanA sthAnAbhAva se yahA~ sambhava nahIM hai| sabhI 'prayogoM','mAhAtmyoM', 'vidhiyoM', 'vratoM', 'zAntiyoM' evaM 'stotroM ko chor3a diyA gayA hai, kintu jahA~ unake lekhakoM ke nAma ati vikhyAta haiM yA unakI vizeSa mahattA hai, unheM sammilita kara liyA gayA hai| jAtaka-viSayaka jyotiSa-sambandhI grantha evaM tAjika-granya sammilita nahIM kiye gaye haiM,kintu maharta-varga ke grantha,jo Ahnika dhArmika kRtyoM se abhinna rUpa se sambandhita haiM, sammilita kara liye gaye haiN| yadyapi gahmasUtroM evaM unakI TIkAoM ko isa grantha ke khaNDa 1 meM nahIM sammilita kiyA gayA, kintu unheM isa tAlikA meM sammilita kara liyA gayA hai,kyoMki unake viSaya dharmazAstra se gaharA sambandha rakhate haiN| isameM san 1820 taka ke hI granthoM kA uddharaNa diyA jA sakA hai| yahA~ rAjanItizAstra-sambandhI granya bho sammilita kara liye gaye haiN| kintu uparyukta bandhanoM kA nirvAha bhI bhalI bhA~ti nahIM kiyA jA sakA hai| isa sUcI ko upasthita karane meM DA0 oNphesTa ke bahumUlya grantha 'kaiTalAgasa kaiTalAgoram' se prabhUta sahAyatA milI hai| kintu yaha grantha kaI sthAnoM para sandehAtmaka evaM apekSAkRta bahuta kama sUcanA detA hai, tathApi hama sabhI DA0 oNphesTa ke atyanta RNI haiN| sandehoM ko miTAne ke lie saMskRta granthoM kI mUla pANDulipiyoM ko,yathA-iNDiyA Aphisa meM rakSita pANDulipiyoM, DA. mitra ke 'noTisez2a Ava saMskRta mainuskripTsa' evaM ma0ma0 haraprasAda zAstrI ke granthoM ko par3hakara unakI tulanAtmaka vyavasthA upasthita karanI par3I hai| DA0 A~phesTa kA tIsarA bhAga san 1903 meM prakAzita huA thA aura usake uparAnta katipaya kaiTalaoNga (grantha sUciyA~) prakAzita ho cuke haiM, yathA--madrAsa gavarnameNTa mainuskripTsa lAibrerI ke DiskripTiva kaiTalaoNga evaM TrAinIela kaiTalaoNgsa, ma0 ma0 haraprasAda zAstrI dvArA upasthApita 'noTiseja Ava mainuskripTsa (nyU sIrIz2a, bhAga 3), ma0 ma0 haraprasAda zAstrI dvArA prastuta nepAla darabAra lAibrerI kA kaiTalAga Ava pAmalIfa evaM pepara', hulza kI riporTa (bhAga 3), rAyabahAdura hIrAlAla dvArA upasthApita 'kaiTalAga Ava seNTrala prAviseja saMskRta mainu skripTsa' evaM bihAra-ur3IsA sarakAra dvArA saMgRhIta 'kaiTalaoNga Ava di mainuskripTsa' (jilda 1) / ina kaiTalaoNgoM ke atirikta anya saMgraha bhI par3he gaye haiM, yayA-Dekana kAleja kA saMgraha (jo aba bhaNDArakara orieNTala risarca iMsTIcyUTa, pUnA meM rakhA gayA hai), AnandAzrama iMsTITyUzana (pUnA), pro0 eca0 DI0 velaNakara dvArA saMsthApita vilasana kaoNleja kA 'bhaNDArakara memoriela kalekzana' evaM bar3odA orieNTala iMsTIcyUTa kA kalekzana (sNgrh)| isa tAlikA meM yathAsambhava evaM AvazyakatAnu kUla granthoM, unake lekhakoM, lekhakoM ke pUrvajoM, lekhakoM ke uddhRta granthoM, una granthoM ko uddhRta karane vAle granthoM ke nAma, granthoM ke kAla evaM viSayoM ke nAma Adi de diye gaye haiN| itane para bhI bahuta se sandeha raha gaye haiN| kahIM-kahIM tattad granthoM ke nAma viSaya ko bhI batA dete haiN| kahIM-kahIM tAlikA upasthita karane meM katipaya kaThinAiyA~ upasthita ho jAtI haiM / kahIM-kahIM eka hI grantha eka hI pANDulipi

Page #516
saMketa paricaya 1509 yA kaiTalaoNga meM do, tIna yA adhika nAma rakhatA hai| katipaya granthoM ke racayitAoM aura unake pitAoM ke nAma samAna hI haiM, yathA--mahAdeva ke putra divAkara evaM nIlakaNTha ke putra zaMkara ke viSaya meN| kahIM-kahIM kucha vizAla granthoM ke katipaya bhAga kaiTalaoNgoM meM pRthak nAmoM se vyajita pAye gaye haiN| kucha lekhakoM ke kaI nAma bhI pAye gaye haiM, yathAnarasiMha, nRsiMha; nAgeza evaM nAgoji / yathAsaMbhava aise bhramoM ko dUra karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| pratyeka viSaya meM kaiTalaoNgoM (saMgrahoM) kI ora saMketa nahIM kiyA gayA hai, kevala ati mahattvapUrNa granthoM ke viSaya meM hI kaiTalAgoM kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai| yathAsambhava kAloM kI ora bhI saMketa kara diye gaye haiN| DA0 oNpherUTa kI kRti se yaha tAlikA kaI aMzoM meM uttama hai, yaha bAta tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke uparAnta hI samajhI jA sakatI hai| yathAsambhava mudrita granthoM kI ora bhI saMketa kara diyA gayA hai| aisA karane meM bAmbe saMskRta sIrIja, banArasa saMskRta sIrIja Adi ke saMskaraNoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, una saMskaraNoM kI ora, jinheM bahuta hI kama loga dekha sakate haiM, saMketa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| jo loga isa viSaya meM vizada sUcanA cAhate haiM, ve san 1928 taka ke kaiTalAga (briTiza myUjiyama lAibrerI dvArA prakAzita) dekha sakate haiN| nirdeza Arambha meM jo saMketa diye jA cuke haiM, unake atirikta nimna saMketa bhI avalokanIya haiMalavara DA0 peTarsana dvArA prastuta mahArAja alavara kI lAibrerI kA kaiTalaoNga Ava mainuskriptts| ajJAta-jinake nAma jJAta nahIM haiN| Ananda0=AnandAzrama presa (pUnA) dvArA prakAzita smRtiyoM kA saMgraha / oNphesTa yA oNphe0=DA0 oNphelTa dvArA upasthApita kaiTalaoNga Ava saMskRta pANDulipIz2a, AksaphorDa kI baoNDalIna ___ lAibrerI (1864 ii0)| u0=uddhRt| ke0 saM0 prA0-kaiTalaoNga Ava saMskRta eNDa prAkRta mainuskiTsa ina di seNTrala praoNviseja eNDa braar| rAyabahAdura hIrAlAla (1926), naagpur| gAya0 yA gAyakavAr3a-gAyakavAr3a orieNTala sIrIja, bdd'odaa| gavarnameMTa o0sI0 yA ga0 o0 sI0=gavarnameNTa orieNTala sIrIja, puunaa| pau0 yA caukhambhA=caukhambhA saMskRta sIrIja, vaaraannsii| jI0 smR0 yA jIvA0=jIvAnanda dvArA sampAdita evaM do bhAgoM meM prakAzita smRtiyoM kA sNgrh| TI0 yA TIkA-usa grantha kI ttiikaa| .TI0TI0=TIkA kI ttiikaa|| de0 dekhie (isake Age 'prakaraNa saMkhyA amuka' kA nirdeza hai, use prathama khaNDa-varNita prakaraNa-saMkhyA meM dekhanA caahie)| noTiseja yA no0=DA. rAjendralAla mitra (jilda 1-9) evaM ma0 ma0 haraprasAda zAstrI (jilda 10-11) dvArA upasthApita noTiseja Ava saMskRta mainuskripTas ina beMgAla, (jilda 1-11) / no0 nyU0ma0 ma0 haraprasAda zAstrI dvArA, noTiseja Ava saMskRta manuskripTs, nyU sIrIja (jilda 1-3) / nirNaya. yA ni0=nirNayasAgara presa, bmbii| . prk0-prkrnn|

Page #517
1510 pra0 = prakAzita / ba0 yA bar3odA - bar3odA orieNTala insTIcyUTa kA 'kalekzana Ava mainuskripTs' / banA0 = banArasa saMskRta sIrIz2a / bi0 yA bihAra- bihAra evaM ur3IsA sarakAra ke lie saMgRhIta, kaiTalaoNga Ava mainuskripTs ( jilda 1 ) / bIkA0 yA bIkAnera - mahArAja bIkAnera kI lAibrerI se DA0 rAjendralAla mitra dvArA (1880 I0) prastuta 'kaiTalaoNga Ava saMskRta menuskripTs' / bu0 yA burnela0= 0 = DA0 e0 sI0 burnela dvArA prastuta 'klaisIphAeDa iNDeksa TU dI saMskRta mainuskripTsa, taMjaura ke rAjaprAsAda se (1880 ] / bhaNDA0=bambaI, vilasana kAleja ke pro0 eca0 DI0 velaNakara dvArA prastuta bhaNDArakara memoriyala kalekzana / maiM 0 yA maisUra = maisUra gavarnameNTa orieNTala lAibrerI sIrIja / sTI 0 yA sTIna DA0 ema0 e0 sTIna (1894 ) dvArA prastuta jammU evaM kazmIra ke mahArAja kI raghunAtha mandira lAibrerI kA 'kaiTalaoNga Ava di saMskRta mainuskripTsa' / le0 = lekhaka | dharmazAstra kA itihAsa va0 yA varNita = dvArA yA usameM varNita / veMkaTa 0 yA veMkaTezvara 0 = veMkaTezvara presa, bambaI / vinTa0 evaM kItha = DA0 vinTaniraja evaM DA0 e0 bI0 kItha dvArA prastuta baoNDalIna lAibrerI (jilda 2, 1905) meM 'kaiTalaoNga Ava saMskRta mainuskripTsa' / Dulza=DA0 hulza dvArA prastuta 'riporTasa oNna saMskRta mainuskripTsa ina saoNdarna iNDiyA' (jilda 1 - 3 ) |

Page #518
dharmazAstrIya grantha-sUcI aMzabali-vyakti kI janmarAzi ke kisI aMza kI aghapaJcavivecana----mathurAnAtha dvArA racita / zAnti karane vAle kRtyoM kA grantha / __ aghapaJcaSaSTi----mathurAnAtha dvArA (65 zlokoM meN)| akAlabhAskara--zambhanAtha siddhAntavAgIza dvArA zakAbda aghapaJcaSaSTi-kauzika gotra ke bIthi (Si-yA-ji 1636 meM praNIta / malamAsoM para, unakI gaNanA evaM nAtha) dvaaraa| rAmacandra budha dvArA smRtisiddhAntaunameM kiye jAne vAle viziSTa karmoM pr| sudhA ttiikaa| akssmaalaaprtisstthaa| . aghaprakAzikA--(do khaNDoM meN)| alagaDAva-le. akhaNDa (?), veMkaTanAtha ke smRti- aghprdiip| ratnAkara meM varNita / dharma evaM vyavahAra ke khaNDoM aghapradIpikA-yAjJavalkya dvArA racita kahI jAtI hai| meM vibhaajit| aghavADava yA dAnasAra--vizvezvara bhaTTa dvArA (baDodA, agastya yA agastisaMhitA--jImUtavAhana ke kAla- saMkhyA 7129, TI0) / viveka meM tathA aparArka meM v0| aghvimocn| agnikaary| aghaviveka--bhAradvAja gotra ke appayadIkSita advaitAcArya agnikaarypddhti| ke putra nIlakaNTha dIkSita dvArA (cha: prakaraNoM meN)| agninirNaya-le. kmlaakr| aghavivecana-bhAradvAja kula ke ananta-putra rAmacandra dvArA agnisaMghAnavacana---aupAsana ke Ahnika sampAdana ke (do paricchedoM meM) / TI0 muktAphala kI ora saMketa chUTa jAne para kiye jAne vAle kRtyoM pr| karatI hai| rucidatta dvArA ttii0| agnisthaapn| adhshtk| agnihotrkrm| aghssttk| agnihotramantrArthacandrikA--le. vaidyanAtha (viThThalAtmaja aghsNshytimiraaditysuutr| rAmacandra kA putra, lagabhaga 1683 ii0)| aghsNgrh| agnihotrivaahvidhi| aghasaMgrahavIpikA-(hulza, saMkhyA 270) / adhdiipikaa| aMkurArpaNaprayoga--(nArAyaNa bhaTTa ke prayogaratna se)| aghanirNaya--sarasvatIvallabhAtmaja raMganAtha ke putra aMkurArpaNaviSi-(paMcarAtrAgama se)| veMkaTeza dvArA likhita; anya nAma-vijJAnezvara, aMkurArpaNavidhi-(zAradAtilaka se)| akhaNDa, smRtyarthasAra, varadarAja / le0 dvArA TIkA, aMgirA-kulamaNi zukla dvArA ttii| de0 praka0 rAmAnuja yajvA kI TI0 diipikaa| vaidikasArva- 39 / bhIma dvArA TIkA (sambhavataH yaha lekhaka kI TIkA acalanibandha / aNuchalArIya-zeSAcArya dvaaraa| aghanirNaya--vasiSTha gota ke vIrarAghava dvArA rcit| aNNAdIkSitIya-aNNAdIkSita dvaaraa|

Page #519
1512 atikrAntaprAyazcita / atidrazAnti / atIdhAranirNaya -- maheza dvArA ( bihAra, pR0 2 saMkhyA anantAlika / ' 3) / atIcAranirNaya -- bhujabala bhIma dvArA ( bihAra, pR0 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa 3, saMkhyA 4) / atri - - de0 praka0 19 / TI0 kRSNanAtha dvArA / TI0 takanalAla dvArA, 1686 I0 ke pazcAt / TI0 harirAma dvArA / adbhutadarpaNa yA adbhuta saMgraha - budha - bANa kulajAta raghunAtha ke putra evaM govinda ke jyeSTha bhrAtA mAdhava zarmA / ballAlasena ke adbhutasAgara para AdhArita / divya, nAbhasa evaM bhauma para / mayUracitra ko u0 karatA hai| no0 nyU0 ( jilda 1, pR0 2-4 ) / avabhUtaviveka - - mahIdhara dvArA / adbhutasAgara - - vijayasena ke putra ballAlasena dvArA (prabhAkarI eNDa kaM0, kalakattA dvArA prakAzita ) ; raghunandana, kamalAkara, nIlakaNTha evaM anantadeva dvArA varNita / san 1068 I0 meM prArambhita evaM lakSmaNasena dvArA samApta / adbhutasAgarasAra -- caturbhuja dvArA / adbhutasAgarasAra - zrIpati dvArA / adbhutasindhu --- zAntitattvAmRta meM nArAyaNa dvArA u0 / adbhutAmRta - - utpAtoM para, divya, AntarikSa evaM bhauma nAmaka tIna prakAroM para / adbhutotpAtazAnti -- zaunaka dvArA / adhikamAsaprakaraNa | 'adhikamAsa nirNaya -- dekhie malamAsanirNaya | adhikamAsaphala / adhomukhajananazAnti-zaunaka dvArA racita | adhyAyopAkarma prayoga / anantabhASya - samayamayUkha meM varNita / anantavratapUjApaddhati - ( zaMkara ke vratArka se ) / anantapratodyApana | ananta bhaTTa dIkSita dvArA, yajJopavIta kI upAdhi / dekhie 'prayogaratna' / anAkulA - ApastambagRhyasUtra para haradatta kI TI0 / dekhie prakaraNa 86 / anAcAranirNaya / anAvRSTizAnti-zaunaka kRta / anubhogakalpatara - jagannAtha dvArA / anumaraNapradIpa gaurIza bhaTTa / anusaraNaviveka-zuddhitattva meM raghunandana dvArA u0 / anuyAgapaddhati -- janArdana ke putra AnandatIrtha dvArA / anuyAgapaddhati kRSNAnanda sarasvatI dvaaraa| AryAdhvarIndra dvArA TI0 ( bar3odA, saM0 12537 ) / anuSThAnapaddhati -- raghunAtha ne isa para TI0 likhI hai / anUpavilAsa yA dharmAmbhodhi - zivadattAtmaja gaMgA rAma ke putra maNirAma dIkSita dvArA mahArAja anUpasiMha ke saMrakSaNa meM likhita; AcAraratna, samayaratna, saMskAra-ratna, vatsararatna, dAnaratna evaM zuddhiratna nAmaka 6 bhAgoM meM vibhAjita / dillI ke zAhaMzAha AlamagIra (zAhajahAM) ke rAjyakAla meM anUpasiMha vartamAna the / lagabhaga 1660 I0 / anUpaviveka --- bIkAnera ke anUpasiMhadeva kA kahA gayA hai / pA~ca ullAsoM meM zAlagrAma-parIkSaNa likhA gayA hai / anUpasiMha 1673 meM rAjA the, jo karNasiMha ( 1634) ke putra the| dekhie Dakana kAleja menuskripTsa, san 1902 - 1907 kI, saM0 22 / aura dekhie dAnaratnAkara / antarikSavAyuvIryaprakAza / antyakarmadIpikA - haribhaTTa dIkSita dvArA / antyakarmapaddhati / antyakriyApaddhati - maNirAma dvArA zuddhimayUkha dvArA u0 / laga0 1640 I0 / antyeSTikriyApaddhati --Apadeva ke putra de0 praka0 109 / anantabhaTTI yA smArtAnuSThAnapaddhati -- vizvanAtha ke putra antyeSTipaddhati - godAvarI taTIya (puNatAmbe para sthita ) anantadeva dvArA /

Page #520
dharmazAstrIya pranyasUcI puNyastambha ke ananta bhaTTAtmaja kezava dvaaraa| laga0 kriyAkaumudI dvArA vnnit| 1500 I0 ke pUrva / 1450 ii0| apipAlakArikA-raghunandana ke malamAsatattva meM v0| antyeSTipaddhati--mahezvara bhaTTa dvaaraa| ___ apekSitArthayotinI-nArAyaNa dvArA TI0, madanaratna antyeSTipati--rAmAcArya dvaaraa| (zAntyudyota) meM v0| antyeSTipati-bhAnudatta upanAmaka bhAskara ke adapUrtiprayoga yA vrsssiddhi| putra harihara dvArA / bhAradvAjasUtra evaM usako TIkA abdpuurtipuujaa| kA anusaraNa karate hue| isakA kathana hai ki bhAra- agdhi-(kedAra dvArA ?) smRtyarthasAra meM zrIdhara dvArA dvAja ke AdhAra para 100 paddhatiyA~ haiM, kintu ve u0| vibhinna haiN| abhkssybhkssyprkrnn| antyeSTipati yA audhvavehikapaddhati--rAmezvara ke abhinvpraayshcitt|| putra bhaTTanArAyaNa dvaaraa| de0 praka0 103 / abhinavamASavIya--mAdhavAcArya dvaaraa| antyeSTipaddhati yA aurSadehikapati---gobAla ke abhinavaSaDazIti-(azauca para) poMdrivaMza ke veMkaTezaputra vizvanAtha dvaaraa| putra subrahmaNyam dvArA telugu lipi meM mudrita, madrAsa, antyeSTiprakAza-bhAradvAja gotra ke divAkara dvaaraa| 1874 I0 / hulza (jilda 2, pR0 113, bhUmikA, no0 nyU0 (jilda 3, pR. 3) / pR0 6) / lekhaka kI dharmapradIpikA TI0; candrikA, antyessttipryog-(aapstmbiiy)|| mAdhavIya, kauzikAditya kI SaDazIti kI ora sNket| antyeSTiprayoga-(hiraNyakezI) kezava bhaTTa dvArA; / 1400 I. ke pazcAt racita / unakI 'prayogamaNi' se| abhilaSitArthacintAmaNi (mAnasollAsa)-rAjAsomeantyeSTiprayoga-nArAyaNa bhaTTa dvaaraa| de0 praka0 zvara cAlukya dvArA / 1129 I0; pA~ca vish103| tiyoM meM vibhAjita evaM 100 adhyAyoM meN| antyeSTiprayoga-vizvanAtha dvaaraa| AzvalAyana para abhyudayazrAddha / aadhaarit| amRtavyAkhyA-nanda paNDita kI zuddhicandrikA meM v0| antyeSTividhi-jikana dvaaraa| zuddhitattva meM raghu- 1575 I0 ke pUrva / nandana dvArA u0| ambikAcaMnacandrikA--ahalyAkAmadhenu meM varNita / antyessttipraayshcitt| ayananirNaya--nArAyaNa bhaTTa dvaaraa| antyessttisaamgrii| ayaacitkaalnirnny| antyeSTaparka-san 1890 I0 meM bambaI se prkaashit| ayutahoma-lakSahoma-koTihomAH--bIkAnera ke rAjA anpasvaan| siMha ke saMrakSaNa meM rahane vAle rAma dvaaraa| laga0 annpraashn| 1650 ii0| annpraashnpryog| ayutahomavidhi-nArAyaNa bhaTTa dvaaraa| de0 praka0 anvssttkaa| 103 / anvssttkaanvmiidhaavpti| aruNasmRti-dAnacandrikA evaM nirNayasindhu meM v0| apamRtyuJjayazAnti---zaunaka kI kahI gayI hai| alavara, saMkhyA 1253, jisameM dAnagrahaNa evaM apipAlapaddhati (yA zUdrapaddhati)-apipAla dvArA; usake lie prAyazcittoM ke zAmaka 149 zloka raghunandana ke zrAddhatattva evaM govindAnanda kI zrAddha- likhita haiN|

Page #521
1514 arka vivAhapaddhati zaunaka dvArA / avivAha - prathama do kI mRtyu ke uparAnta tRtIya patnI se vivAha karane ke pUrva arka nAmaka paudhe se vivAha karane kI vidhi| bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 esa0, pR0 240 / arghyadAna | arghyapradAnakArikA / ardhyAnuSThAna / arjunAcana - kalpalatA -- rAmacandra dvArA kI pUjA para ) / dharmazAstra kA itihAsa azucindrikA yA (zucindrikA) - ( kArtavIrya varNita / arSovayaparva pUjana - bar3odA ( saMkhyA 1742 ) / ahaM nIti- hemAcArya (1088-1172 ( ahamadAbAda meM mudrita, 1906 ) / alaGkAravAna / reekAjIrNaprakAza / alpayama -- harinAtha ke smRtisAra meM varNita / avadhUtAzrama - ajJAta / isa prakAra ke saMnyAsiyoM evaM unake kartavyoM kA varNana hai| no0 nyU0 (jilda 3, bhUmikA 9, pR0 8 ) / avasAnakAlaprAyazcitta / arjunArcApArijAta - rAmacandra dvArA / arthakaumudI - govindAnanda dvArA, zuddhidIpikA para TI0 de0 pra0 101 / arthazAstra - kauTilya dvArA | dekhie praka0 14 / TI0 bhaTTasvAmI kI pratipadapaMcikA (dvitIya adhikaraNa ke adhyAya 8-36 para ) / mAdhava - yajvamizra kI nayacandrikA TI0 / gaNapatizAstrI (tri0 saM0 sI0) dvArA zrImUla TI0 / aSTakAkarma / aSTakAkapaddhati / aSTakAzaucabhASya - - dekhie sUtakanirNaya | aSTamahAdvAdazInirNaya - - mAdhava ke putra raghunAtha dvArA ( bar3odA, saMkhyA 12586 e ) / lagabhaga 15501625 I0 / arthapradIpa -- caNDezvara ke rAjanItiratnAkara meM aSTamahAmantra - paddhati - smRtyarthasAgara meM u0 / I0 ) kRta --nanda paNDita dvArA de0 pra0 105 / azaucanirNaya - umAnAtha dvArA (bihAra, saMkhyA 10, 'azoca' para likhita graMthoM meM 'azauca' evaM 'Azauca' donoM zabda pracalita rahe haiN| azocasAra--satpaNDita zrI balabhadra dvArA ; ( isameM kubera paNDita, bhImopAdhyAya, bhavadeva bhaTTa evaM smRtisamuccaya ke ullekha Aye haiM) / azvatthapUjA ! azvatthapratiSThA / azvatthodyApana - ( zaunakasmRti se) bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 esa0 (jilda 2, pR0 240 ) / azvatthopanayanapaddhati - ( zaunaka ke anusAra ) bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 esa0 ( jilda 2, pR0 240 ) / azvadAna | aSTaviMzatimunimata-- bar3odA, saMkhyA 12743 // aSTabhAvavidhAnavidhi / aSTAvaza gotra var3odA, saMkhyA 3854 / aSTAdazajAtinirNaya-sTIna, pR0 82 / aSTAdazavivAdasaMkSepa-sTIna, pR0 82 / aSTAdaza saMskArAH -- caturbhuja dvArA / aSTAdazasmRtisAra / aSTAdazasmRtisArasaMgraha - bar3odA, saMkhyA 10214 / asagotraputraparigrahaparIkSA - ahobala dvArA / no0 nyU0 ( jilda 3, pR0 11) / asapiNDAsagotra parIkSA - sambhavataH yaha uparyukta grantha hI hai / asapiNDAsagotraparigrahavidhi - ahobala zAstrI dvArA / asthiprakSepa --- candraprakAza dvArA ( bar3odA, saM0 15478) / pu0 7) / azaucaprakAza-- dekhie 'AzaucaprakAza' ke aMtargata / asthizuddhi |

Page #522
dharmazAstrIya pranyasUcI 1515 asthishukhipryog| putra evaM mithilA ke viThThala puruSottama kavivara ke asthyu srnn| ziSya mahezvara dvArA; vAjasaneyoM ke lie dina ke ahvidhi| ATha bhAgoM ke karmoM ko ATha paricchedoM meM bA~TA gayA ahalyAkAmadhena--(banArasa saMskRta kAleja meM eka hai| pazcimI ghATa para irAvatI nadI ke taTavartI pANDulipi) kezava dvArA, jinhoMne mallArirAva ke lAvapura ke rAjA nAtU ke kaniSThatama putra mAdhava putra khaMDerAva kI patnI ahalyA ke nAma para yaha ke saMrakSaNa meM prnniit| 1500 I0 ke uparAnta / grantha racA hai / lagatA hai, indaura kI ahalyA (18vIM dekhie mitra, no0 5, pR0 97 evaM iNDi0 A0 pR0 zatAbdI ke antima caraNa meM) kI ora saMketa hai| 506 / ahirbudhnyasaMhitA--zreDara dvArA aDayAra se prkaashit| AcAracandrodaya-sadArAma dvaaraa| arhanIti--hemAcArya dvArA, dAyabhAga vAlA bhAga, AcAracintAmaNi--vAcaspati mizra kRta; raghunandana lakhanaU se san 1891 I0 meM prkaashit| evaM zrIdatta kI pANDa0 / de0 pra0 98 / AprayaNapati--viTThala dIkSita dvArA / yajurvallabhA kA AcArataraMgiNo-ravinAtha mizra / bhaag| AcAratattva--makaranda ke putra hariprasAda dvArA / sTIna, mAGgirasasmRti--bAraha adhyAyoM meM 'prAyazcitta' para pR0 83 evaM 301 / / (iNDiyA Aphisa kaiTalaoNga, jilda 3, pR0 280, AcAratilaka--dravyazuddhidIpikA evaM nirNayadIpaka saMkhyA 1304) / dvArA u0| 1500 I0 ke pUrva / AcArakANDa / AcAratilaka-gaMgAdhara dvArAH 108 zlokoM meN| AcArakaumadI--gopAla dvArA (baDodA, saMkhyA 111- de0 Da. kA. pANDa0 saM0 135 (1886-92) / 33) / AcAradarpaNa-zrIdatta kRta; yahI AcArAdarza bhI hai| AcArakomudI-somezvara ke putra rAjArAma dvArA; de0 praka0 89 / saccaritra evaM viSNu-pUjA para eka grantha / saMvat AcAradarpaNa-bopadeva kRta; pUrtadinakarodyota meM va0 / 1782 (1725-26 ii.)| aacaardrshn| AcArakhaNDa-bar3odA, saMkhyA 12796 / AcAradISiti-anantadeva ke smRtikaustubha kA bhaag| AcAracandrikA-trivikrama sUri dvaaraa| AcAradIpa yA pradIpa-godAvarI para karpUragrAma ke AcAracantrikA--padmanAbhakRta / inhoMne 1367 I0 vAsI kamalAkara dvaaraa| meM supA vyAkaraNa evaM 1375 I0 meM pRSodarAdi- AcAradIpa----nAgadeva kRta; 8 adhyAyoM meM Ahnika vRtti ko racanA kii| para AcAramayUkha meM nIlakaNTha dvArA, kAtyAyana AcAracandrikA---ratnezvara mizra racita / ke snAnavidhisUtra para agnihotrI harihara dvArA u0 AcAracandrikA--ramApati dvArA racita / (bihAra0, saM0 22) / 1436 I0 meN| AcAracandrihA--zrokarAcArya ke putra zrInAthAcArya AcAradIpaka-trivikrama ke saMrakSaNa meM gaMgAviSNa cUDAmaNi dvArA zUdroM evaM dvijoM ke kartavyoM pr| dvArA san 1752 I0 meM pratilipi / raghunandana dvArA pANDulipi saMvat 1488-89 meM aacaardiipikaa| utArI gyo| ye 1475 I0 meM bhI the / de0 iNDi. AcAradIpikA--kamalAkara kRt| A0, pR0 524 / AcAradIpikA--zrIdatta ke AcArAdarza para harilAla AcAracandrodaya-(mAdhavaprakAza) sArasvata durga ke kI ttiikaa| 118

Page #523
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa AcAradIpikA--sArasamuccaya dvArA (bar3odA, saM0 10- AcAraratna-maNirAma kRta (anUpavilAsa kA prathama bhaag)| AcArataviveka-vibhAkara kRt| mithilA ke rAjA AcAraratna-nArAyaNa bhaTTa ke putra lakSmaNa bhaTTa dvaaraa| rAmabhadra ke zAsana-kAla meM prnniit| zrAddha-sambandhI kamalAkara bhaTTa ke choTe bhAI the, ataH san sandeha miTAtA hai| laga0 1500 ii.| 1580-1640 meN| nirNaya0 presa bambaI meM AcAranavanIta-gaurImAyUra ke vAsI appA dIkSita mudrit| kRt| zAhajI ke kAla (1684-1711) meM AcAraratna-candramauli kRt| praNIta / AcAra, zrAddha, dravyazuddhi evaM kAlanirNaya AcAraratnAkara--raghunandana dvArA Ahnikatattva meM u0| ke khaNDoM meM vibhAjita / aacaarvaakysussaa| AcAranirNaya-gopAla kRt| AcAravAriSi---ramApati upAdhyAya sanmizra dvaaraa| AcAranirNaya---brAhmaNoM ke kartavyoM para 66 zlokoM inhoMne vivAdavAridhi kA bhI praNayana kiyaa| meM; kAyastha Adi kI utpatti pr| AcAraviSi / aacaarpNcaashikaa-mhaashrm-kRt| AdhAraviveka---mAnasiMha kRta / AcArapaddhati--vAsudeveMdra kRt| AcAraviveka-madanasiMha kRta (madanaratna kA eka AcArapaddhati--vidyAkara kRt| bhaag)| AcArapaddhati-zrIdharasUri kRt| aacaarvtaadirhsy| AcAraprakAza-appAjI ke putra bhAskara dvArA (bar3odA, AdhArasaMgraha-gaMgolI saMjIvezvara zarmA ke putra ratnasaM0 12789) / pANi zarmA dvaaraa| AcAraprakAzikA--ahalyAkAmadhenu dvArA u0| AcArasaMgraha-nArAyaNa ke putra harihara paNDita dvaaraa| AcArapradIpa--kezavabhaTTa kRta; raghunandana ke zrAddha- AcArasAgara--ballAlasena dvArA; madanapArijAta' (pR. tattva meM u0| 58), smRtiratnAkara (vedAcAryakRta) evaM lekhaka AcArapradIpa-nAgadeva kRt| nAgadeva ne nirNayatattva kI kRti dAnasAgara (laga0 1168 I0) meM u0| bhI likhaa| AcArasAra-hemAdri (3 / 2 / 900) dvArA v0| AcArapradIpa bhaTroji kRt| AcArasAra-nArAyaNAtmaja rAmakRSNa ke putra lakSmaNa aacaarprshNsaa| bhaTTa dvaaraa| lagatA hai, yaha AcAraratna hI hai| AdhArabhUSaNa--tryambakarAma oka dvArA; zaka 1741 AcArasmRticandrikA---gadAdhara ke putra sadAziva __ meM; 9 kiraNoM meM; Ananda0 dvArA mudrit| dvaaraa| AcAramaMjarI-mathurAnAtha kRt| AcArAdarza- (maithila) zrIdatta kRta / laga0 1300 AcAramayUkha-nIlakaNTha kRt| je0 Ara0 gharapure I0 (banArasa meM san 1920 meM evaM veMka0 presa meM dvArA sampAdita (mujarAtI presa, bmbii)| dekhie mudrita); rudradhara ke zuddhiviveka meM va0; isameM praka0 107 / kAmadhenu, kalpataru evaM harihara kA bhI ullekha hai| AcAramAdhavIya-mAdhavAcArya kRta; parAzarasmRti para de0 praka0 89 / dAmodara ke putra gaurIpati dvArA unakI TIkA kA prathama bhaag| TI0 (banArasa meM evaM veMka0 presa meM mudrit)| AcAramAlA--nidhirAma kRt| harilAla dvArA AcAradIpikA nAmaka ttii0| AdhAraratna--raghunandana ke Ahnikatattva meM vrnnit| AcAradIpikA-AcArAdarza kA saMkSipta ruup|

Page #524
dharmazAstrIya anvasUcI 1517 AcArArka--bAlakRSNAtmaja mahAdeva ke putra divAkara AturasaMnyAsapati-(var3odA, saM0 5803) / ke dharmazAstrasudhAnidhi kA eka bhAga; apane nAnA aatursNnyaasvidhi| eva mayUkhoM ke praNetA nIlakaNTha kA ullekha kiyA AturasaMnyAsavidhi-AMgirasa dvaaraa| hai| san 1686-87 meM pragIta / takanalAla dvArA AturasaMnyAsavidhi-kAtyAyana dvArA / ttokaa| AturAdipaddhati-Da0 kA0 pANDu0, saM0 18886AcArArkakrama--AcArArka kI anukrmnnikaa| lekhaka 92 kI 138 / ke putra vaiyanAya dvArA, jisane dAnahArAvali evaM AtreyadharmazAstra--1 adhyAyoM meM (iNDi0 A0, jilda zrAddhacandrikA para anukramaNikA likhii| 3, pR. 380, saM0 1305) / 6 adhyAyoM meM AcArArka-mayurAnAtha kRt| eka anya bhI hai (vahI, jilda 3, pR0 381, saM0 AcArArka-rAmacandra bhaTTa kRt| 1308) / AcArenu-nArAyaNa ke putra evaM 'mATe' upAdhi vAle AtreyadharmazAstra--(bambaI vizvavidyAlaya pustakAzyambaka dvaaraa| saptarSi (Adhunika satArA) meM laya meM pANDulipi) 14 adhyAyoM evaM 141 khaNDoM san 1838 meM prgot| Ananda presa meM mudrit| meM; anadhyAya (pAThazAlA kI chuTTI ke dina) ke sAtha AdhArenduzekhara-zivabhaTTa evaM satI ke putra nAgeza bhaTTa anta / nItimayUkha meM v0|| dvaaraa| de0 praka0 110 / AtharvaNagRhyasUtra-vizvarUpa evaM hemAdri dvArA v0| AcArodyota--ToDarAnanda kRt| AtreyasmRti---(369 zlokoM meM) iNDi0 A0, AcArAvayota-madanasiMhadeva ke madanaratnapradIpa kA jilda 3, pR0 381 / eka bhaag| AyarvaNapramitAkSarA-zrIpati ke putra vAsudeva dvArA AdhArollAsa--banArasa meM parazurAma mizra kI AjJA se, (bar3odA, saM0 7603 / hemAdri evaM traivikramI (jo zAkadvIpIya holila (ra) mizra ke putra the paddhati kI carcA kI hai| ora jinheM bAdazAha dvArA vANIrasAlarAya kI AdidharmasArasaMgraha-tulAjirAja (1765-88 I0) padavI milI thI) nArAyaNa paNDita dharmAdhikArI racita kahA gayA hai| ke putra khaNDerAva dvArA kRta parazurAmaprakAza kA AvismRtyarthasAra-de0 smRtyrthsaar| prathama bhaag| 15veM mayUkha meM zAkadvIpIya brAhmaNoM Anandakaranibandha-vizvambhara ke smRtisAroddhAra meM kI utpatti kA ullekha hai| no0 nyU0 (jilda v0| 2, pR0 10-12) / Apastamba-prAyazcittazatadvayI-de0 praayshcittshtdvyii| AcArollAsa-mathurAnAtha zukla kRt| aapstmbyllaajiiy| AcAryaguNAdarza---zatakratu tAtAcArya ke putra veMkaTAcArya ApastambasUtradhvanitArthakArikA yA trikANDamaNDanadvArA (vaissnnv0)| kumArasvAmI ke putra bhAskara mizra dvaaraa| isameM AcAryacUgamaNi-zUlapANi ke zrAddhaviveka para TIkA; adhikAra, pratinidhi, punarAdhAna evaM AdhAna para cAra raghunandana dvArA evaM zUdrakamalAkara meM u0|| kANDa haiM (bibliyothikA iNDikA sIrIja, kalakattA) atithyesstti| TI0, de0 sTIna (pR0 12) / TI0 padaprakAzikA AdarasaMnyAsa-dekhie bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 es. yA trikaannddmnnddnvivrnn| jilda 2, pR0 241 / ApastambagRhyasUtra-viNTaranitja dvArA sampAdita maatursNnyaaskaarikaa| evaM es0 bI0 I0 (jilda 30) meM anuudit|

Page #525
1518 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa TI0 haradatta kRta anAkulA (maisUra); TI0 karka dvArA; ApastambasmRti--10 adhyAyoM meM, padma meM; jIvAnanda To0 kapardikArikA (kumbhakoNam meM prakAzita, dvArA mudrita / 1916); To0 gRhyatAtparyadarzana, sudarzanAcArya dvArA ApastambasmRti-vijJAnezvara, hemAdri, mAdhava evaM (kAzo saMskRta so dvArA prakAzita); To0 prayoga- haradatta dvArA uddhRt| vRtti, tAlavRntanivAsI dvArA (kumbhakoNam meM aapstmbaahnik| prakAzita, 1902) / ApastambAlika---kAzInAtha bhaTTa dvaaraa| aapstmbgRhysuutrdiipikaa| ApastambAhnika-govardhana kavimaNDana dvaaraa| aapstmbgRhypryog| ApastambAhika-rudradeva toro dvaaraa| ApastambagRhyabhASyArthasaMgraha-hemAdri dvArA u0| aapstmbiiydvaadshsNskaaraaH| ApastambagRhyasAra-mahAmahopAdhyAya yopanabhaTa (AMdhra) ApastambIyamantrapATha-DA0 viNTaranitja dvArA smpaadvaaraa| dit| ApastambagRhyasUtrakArikA--vAgvijaya ke putra suda- aapstmbiiysNskaarpryog| rzana dvaaraa| aagdiknirnny| ApastambagRhyasUtrakArikAvRtti-narasiMha dvArA (969 AbhyudayikavAda / zlokoM meM zaka saM0 1536 meM likhita evaM 1922 AbhyudayikAsapaddhati / meM telugu meM anuudit)| ArAmAdipratiSThApaddhati-gaMgArAma mahADakara dvaaraa| ApastambajAtakarma-bApaNNabhaTTa dvaaraa| ArAmotsargapaddhati-de0 jalAzayArAmotsargapaddhati / ApastambadharmasUtra--de0 praka0 7 / TI0 ujjvalA, ArAmotsargapaddhati--bhaTTanArAyaNa dvaaraa| jo haradatta kRta hai (kumbhakoNam meM mudrita evaM bambaI ArAmotsargapaddhati--zivarAma dvaaraa| saMskRta sIrIja dvArA prkaashit)| ArAmotsargapaddhati--(bar3odA, saM0 5424) / aapstmbpddhti| aardhcndrikaa| Apastambapaddhati--vizvezvara bhaTTa dvArA ! ArdhacandrikA--vaidyanAtha dvaaraa| ApastambaparibhASAsutra-masUra 1894 evaM Ananda0 ASTiSeNasmRti-nirNayasindhu dvArA varNita / saM093 / To0 kapardisvAmI dvArA,To0 haradatta raa| AvasathyAdhAnapaddhati-zrIdatta kRta / aapstmbpuurvpryog| Azauca--veMkaTeza dvaaraa| aapstmbpuurvpryogkaarikaa| AzaucakANDa---dinakarodadyota kA eka bhaag| ApastambapUrvaprayogapaddhati--ziMgAbhaTTa dvArA (hulza), AzaucakANDa--vaidyanAtha dIkSita dvArA (smRtimuvatAsaM0 87 / phala kA eka bhaag)| Apastambaprayogarata-nArAyaNayajvA dvaaraa| aashauckaarikaa| aapstmbpryogsaar| AzaucagaMgAdharI-gaMgAdhara kRt| ApastambaprayogasAra-gaMgAbhaTTa dvaaraa| aashauccndrikaa| ApastambaprAyazcittazatadvayI-TI0veMkaTavAjapeyI dvaaraa| AzaucacandrikA-ratnabhaTTa ke putra tyagalAbhaTTa yA aapstmbshraavpryog| tigalAbhaTTa ke putra vedAMtarAya dvArA (sTIna, pR083)| aapstmbsuutrkaarikaa| AzaucacandrikA-~-rAjakRSNa tarkavAgIzabhaTTAcArya dvaaraa| aapstmbsuutrsNgrh| AzIcatattva-de0 'shuddhitttv'|

Page #526
dharmazAstrIya pranyasUcI 1519 Azodhatattva-agastyagAtra ke vizvanAtha ke putra mahA- To0 nandapaNDita dvArA zuddhicandrikA (caukhammA deva dvArA, 48 zlokoM meM (hulza, pR0 143) / so0), 1590-1625 I0 ke biic| To0 tryambaka ke putra zivasUri (mahAjana) dvArA AzaucanirNaya-kauzikAcArya kRta (bhaNDArakara saMgraha racita / se); 146 zlokoM meM; kauzikAditya ke 86 aashauctttvvicaar| zlokoM kI ora saMketa hai aura gobhila ke vacana AzaucatrizacchalokI--de0 trizacchaloko; alIgar3ha meM u0 haiN)| prakAzita / To0 mukunda ke ziSya rAghavabhaTTa dvaaraa| AzaucanirNaya-gopAla dvArA / zaka saM0 1535 smatyarthasAra nirNayAmRta kA isameM uddharaNa hai| (1613 I0); apane 'zuddhinirNaya' meM u0 hai| To0 bhaTTAcArya dvArA (bar3odA, saM0 3883, kAla no0 9, pR0 267 / / saM0 1579, san 1522-23 I0) / To0 bhaTToji AzaucanirNaya-mAtAmaha upAdhi vAle nRharyAcArya ke dvaaraa| putra govinda dvaaraa| Azaucadazaka-yA dazazloko, vijJAnezvara dvArA; AzodhanirNaya--Apadeva ke putra jIvadeva dvArA; godA de0 'dshshloko'| To0 vivaraNa (bhaTToji kRta); varI para utpanna ; sambhavataH anantadeva ke bhaaii| Tho0 rAmezvarAtmaja mAdhava ke putra raghunAtha dvArA AzaucanirNaya-AMgirasagotra ke nArAyaNAtmaja raghunAtha (1578 I0); To0 lakSmodhara ke pUtra vizvezvara ke putra tryambaka paNDita dvaaraa| azoM meM vibhAjita / dvArA (vivRti)| vijJAnezvara, vAcaspati evaM nirNayoM meM mudrit| nirNayasindhu evaM nAgobhaTToji kA ullekha hai (sTona, pR0 302); 1650 jimaTToya ko u0 karatA hai| san 1760 I0 ke I0 ke pshcaat| To0 veMkaTAcArya dvaaraa| TI0 lgbhg| zrodhara dvaaraa| TI0 harihara dvArA (iNDi0 A0 AzaucanirNaya-zivabhaTTa ke putra nAgoji dvaaraa| pANDu0, 1532 I0, pR0 565) / AzaucanirNaya---maTTAji (1560-1620 I0) dvaaraa| AzaucadIdhiti--anantadeva kRta smRtikaustubha kA eka AzaucanirNaya--rAmezvara ke putra mAdhava dvArA; laga0 bhaag| 1515-1570 ii0| AzaucadIpaka--koTiliMgapurI ke rAjakumAra dvaaraa| AzaucanirNaya-raghunandana dvaaraa| TokA lekhaka dvaaraa| AzaucanirNaya----raghunAtha paNDita dvaaraa| dekhie AzaucadIpikA--aghorazivAcArya dvaaraa| "trishcchlokii|' AzaucadIpikA--vizvezvara bhaTTa (urpha gAgAbhaTTa) AzaucanirNaya-rAmacandra dvaaraa| dvArA / dinakarodadyota kRta Azauca kA eka aza AzaucanirNaya-zrInivAsa-putra varada dvaaraa| Azauca(no0, pR0 136) / dazaka evaM Azocazataka ke pramANa detA hai| mAzocadIpikA-zyAmasundara bhaTTAcArya dvaaraa| AzaucanirNaya--vIrezvara dvaaraa| AzaucadIpikA-kambhAlUra nRsiMha dvArA, jisane AzaucanirNaya--veMkaTAcArya dvArA; de0 'aghanirNaya' / hemAdri, mAdhavIya, SaDazIti evaM pArijAta kI ora AzaucanirNaya-veMkaTezavarada tAtAcArya ke putra vedAntasaMketa kiyA hai| rAmAnujatAtadAsa dvaaraa| AzocanirNaya yA SaDazIti--auphesTa (2, pR0 11) AzaucanirNaya--vaidika sArvabhauma dvArA (kyA yaha ne SaDazIti ko abhinavaSaDazIti kahA hai| AzIcazataka ho hai?)| To0 zaThakopadAsa (baDodA, AzaucanirNaya-AdityAcArya yA kauzikAditya dvArA; saM0 6380) /

Page #527
1520 AzaucanirNaya - zrInivAsa tarkavAgIza dvArA / AzaucanirNaya- somavyAsa dvArA / dharmazAstra kA itihAsa dvArA / AzocamaMjarI / AzaucamAlA - gopAla siddhAnta dvArA / Azaucaviveka / AzaucavyavasthA - rAdhAnAtha zarmA dvArA / AzaucanirNaya-hari dvArA / va0 hai / AzocanirNaya yA smRtikaustubha -- rAyasa veMkaTAdri dvArA / AzaucasAra -- balabhadra dvArA / AzaucasiddhAnta / AzaucanirNaya yA smRtisaMgraha / AzaucanirNaya yA smRtisAra - veMkaTeza ke kisI grantha AzaucasmRticandrikA / para TI0 / Azauca nirNayasaMgraha - bar3odA, saM0 12600 / Azauca nirNayaTIkA -- mathurAnAtha dvArA / Azaucapariccheda / AzaucaprakAza - caturbhuja bhaTTAcArya dvArA / sambhavataH vahI jo raghunandana ke zuddhitattva meM va0 hai, ataH san 1500 I0 ke pUrva / AzIvaprakAza-- ( dharmatattvakalAnidhi se ), pRthvIcandra Azaucazataka / Azaucazataka - rAmezvara dvArA / Azaucazataka -- hArIta gotra ke raMganAtha ke putra veMkaTAcArya yA veMkaTanAtha dvArA / dekhie 'aghanirNaya' / hulza (2, saMkhyA 1499 ) / To0 AzaucanirNaya, jo rAmAnuja dIkSita dvArA likhita hai| Azaucazataka - nIlakaNTha dvArA / Azaucazataka - vaidika sArvabhauma (ye sambhavataH veMkaTAcArya hI haiM ) dvArA / AzocaSaDazIti - dekhie AzaucanirNaya | AzaucasaMkSepa-- madhusUdana vAcaspati dvaaraa| Azauca saMgraha --satyA dhozaziSya dvArA (bar3odA, 5862 ) / AzaucasaMgraha - - caturbhuja bhaTTAcArya dvArA / Azauca saMgrahavivRti bhaTTAcArya dvArA / AzaucasaMgraha - veMkaTeza dvaaraa| isane AcAranavanIta, avanirNaya, avaviveka, abhinavaSaDazIti ko u0 kiyA hai| AzaucasaMgraha- trizacchlokI-- de0 'trizacchlokI' / AzaucasAgara -- kullUka kRta / unake zrAddhasAgara meM AzaucasmRticandrikA - gadAdhara ke putra evaM dazaputra nAmadhArI sadAziva dvArA jayanagara ke kumAra jayasiMha ke lie sNgRhiit| lekhaka ne liMgArcanacandrikA bhI likhI hai| AzaucAdarza -- sArasaMgraha meM u0 / AzaucASTaka -- vararuci dvArA (tri0 saM0 sI0 meM mudrita ) TI0 ajJAta ; jisameM nirNayakAra, gautamadharmasUtra ke bhASyakAra maskarI evaM sahasrasvAmI ke nAma Aye haiM / AzaucAdinirNaya - rAma daivajJa dvArA / AzaucIyadazazlokIvivRti - lakSmIdhara ke putra vizvezvara dvArA / de0 'Azaucadazaka' (dazazlokI) / Azaucenduzekhara -- rAma daivajJa dvArA / Azocenduzekhara--nAgojibhaTTa dvArA / AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra--nirNaya0 pre0 meM mudrita, bibli - yothikA iNDikA sIrIja evaM es0 vI0 I0, jilda 29 meM anUdita | TI0 anAvilA, haradatta dvArA ( TrAeniela kaiTa 0 ) / TI0 taMjaura ke rAjA sAhajI evaM sarkojI prathama ke mantrI AnandarAya vAjapeya yajvA dvArA / To0 gadAdhara dvArA / To0 vimalodayamAlA, abhinanda ke pitA evaM kalyANasvAmI ke Atmaja kAnta-putra jayantasvAmI dvArA / no0 jilda 15 pR0 163 / laga0 18vIM zatAbdI ke anta meN| TI0 devasvAmI dvArA; nArAyaNa dvArA va0 / laga0 10001050 I0 / naidhruvagotra ke divAkara- putra nArAyaNa dvArA (bibliyothikA iNDi0 evaM nirNaya0 pre0 meM mudrita ), devasvAmI ke bhASya kI ora saMketa / AzvalAyana zrauta ke bhASyakAra narasiMhake putra nArAkI pahacAna saMdigdha hai / de0 bI0 bI0 Ara0

Page #528
1521 dharbhazAstrIya pranyasUcI es. kaiTa0, jilda 2, pR0 202 / TI. viSNugUDha- kI ora sNket| hemAdri evaM mAdhavAcArya dvArA svAmI dvArA, devasvAmI, nArAyaNa Adi kA u0| anusaraNa huA hai| AhitAgnimaraNe dAhAdi-rAmezvarabhaTTa ke putra bhaTTaAzvalAyanagRhyakArikA--22 adhyAyoM evaM 1296 nArAyaNa dvArA, de0 praka0 102 / zlokoM meM / To0 vivaraNa, vuSyadeva yA AhitAgnehAdinirNaya--vizvanAtha hosiMga ke putra upadevabhadra ke ziSya dvaaraa| TI0 nArAyaNa rAmabhaTTa dvaaraa| dvaaraa| AhitAgnyantyeSTi pryog| AzvalAyanagRhyakArikA---kumArilasvAmI (? kumAra- AhRtatIrthakasnAna pryog| svAmI) dvaaraa| AzvalAyanagRhya para nArAyaNavRtti Ahnika--bahuta-se grantha isa nAma ke haiN| katipaya nIce evaM jayantasvAmI kI ora sNket| bI0 bI0 diye jAte haiN| Ara0 e0 esa0, jilda 2, pR0 203 (bambaI meM Ahnika--dazaputrakula ke prabhAkara-putra Ananda dvaaraa| mudita, 1894) / Ahnika---Apadeva dvaaraa| AzvalAyanagRhyakArikA--raghunAtha dIkSita dvaaraa| Ahnika-rAmakRSNa ke putra kamalAkara dvaaraa| de0 AzvalAyanagRhyakArikAvalI-gopAla dvArA / praka0 106, yaha 'bahva cAhnika' hI hai| AzvalAyanagRhApariziSTa--(nirNaya0 pre0 evaM bibli0 Ahnika--gaMgAdhara dvaaraa| __ iNDi0 dvArA mudrit)| Ahnika---gopAla dezikAcArya dvaaraa| aashvlaayngRhypribhaassaa| Ahnika----challAri nRsiMha dvArA, madhvAcArya ke anuaashvlaayngRhypryog| yAyiyoM ke lie| AzvalAyanagRhoktavAstuzAnti-rAmakRSNa bhaTTa dvaaraa| Ahnika-jJAnabhAskara dvaaraa| isane Ahnika-saMkSepa AzvalAyanadharmazAstra---dvijoM ke karmoM, prAyazcitta, bhI likhA hai| jAtinirNaya Adi para 22 adhyAya (bar3odA, saM0 Ahnika--divAkara bhaTTa dvaaraa| 8708) / Ahnika-balabhadra dvaaraa| AzvalAyanapUrvaprayoga-(hulza, saM0 431) / Ahnika-bhaTToji dvArA (caturviMzatimata-TIkA AzvalAyanaprayoga-TI0 viSNu dvArA, vRtti| mAzvalAyanaprayogavIpikA-tirumalayajvA ke putra tiru- Ahnika--mAvavabhaTTa ke putra raghunAtha dvaaraa| mala somayAjI dvaaraa| Ahnika-viTThalAcArya dvaaraa| aashvlaaynyaajikpti| Ahnika--(baudhAyanIya) vizvapatibhaTTa dvaaraa| mAzvalAyanazAkhAbaprayoga--rAmakRSNAtmaja kamalAkara Ahnika--vaidyanAtha dIkSita dvaaraa| Ahnika--vrajarAja dvArA (vallabhAcArya ke anuyAyiyoM AzvalAyanasUtrapati-nArAyaNa dvaaraa| ke lie)| AzvalAyanasUtraprayoga---vidyavRddha dvaaraa| aahnikkaarikaa| AzvalAyanasUtraprayogadIpikA--maJcanAcAryabhaTTa dvArA AhnikakRtya--vidyAkara kRta ; raghunandana ke malamAsatattva (banArasa saM0 sorIz2a meM mudrit)| meM va0, ataH 1500 I0 ke pUrva / AzvalAyanasmRti-~-11 adhyAyoM evaM 2000 zlokoM Ahnikakautuka-(harivaMzavilAsa se)| meN| AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra, usakI vRtti evaM kArikA Ahnikakaustubha--yAdavAcArya ke ziSya zrInivAsa dvArA

Page #529
1522 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (bar3odA, saM0 8809) / yaha AnandatIrtha kI sadA- Ahnikaprayoga--mahAdeva bhaTTa ke putra manohara bhaTTa dvArA cArasmRti kI TI0 hai| (hiraNyakeziyoM ke lie)| AhnikacandrikA--kAzInAtha dvaaraa| AhnikAyoga--rAmezvara bhaTTa ke putra mAdhavAtmaja AhnikacandrikA--kulamaNi zukla dvArA (yaha candrikA raghunAtha dvaaraa| isake choTe bhAI prabhAkara ne sana 1583 hai yA candrikA TokA hai ? ) / I0 meM 19 varSa ko avasthA meM rasapradIpa kA praNayana AhnikacandrikA---gokulacandra varmA ke anurodha para kiyaa| likhit| AhikaprayogaratnamAlA--vairAja (Adhunika vAI, satArA AhnikacandrikA---gopInAtha dvaaraa| jile) ke nivAsI mayUrezvarabhaTTa ke putra vizvambhara AhnikacandrikA--rAmezabhaTTAtmaja mahAdeva kAla ke dIkSita thiTe ne ise likhA hai| bhaTTojidIkSita era putra divAkara dvaaraa| bhaTTojIya (sAyaNa ke vaidika AcArArka kI carcA hai| mantroM ke uddharaNa ke sAtha nirNaya pre0 meM mudrita) kA AhnikaprAyazcitta----isameM kamalAkara varNita haiN| ullekha hai| yaha saMkSepAhnikacandrikA hI hai| (iNDi0 A0, 3, pR0 555) / AhnikacandrikA--devarAma dvaaraa| AhnikabhAskara--indragaNTi sUryanArAyaNa dvaaraa| AhnikacintAmaNi--Ahnikatattva meM raghunandana dvArA AhnikamaMjaroTIkA---godAvarI para puNyastambha (Adhu u0, ataH yaha 1500 I0 ke pUrva likhita hai| nika puNatAmbe) ke nivAsI zivapaNDitAtmaja Ahnikatattva yA AhnikAcAratattva-raghunandana dvArA; haripaNDita ke putra vIrezvara dvaaraa| zake viyanna jovAnanda dvArA mudrita / TI0 madhusUdana dvaaraa| razarendumite, arthAt san 1598 I0 meM AhnikadarpaNa--rAmakRSNa kRta (bambaI meM marAThI anuvAda rcit| prakAzita, 1876) / Ahnikarana--(prati dina ke karmoM pr)| AhnikadIpaka-ananta-lakSmIdhara-govinda-- Ahnikaratna-dAkSiNAtya ziromaNibhadra dvaaraa| tIna vatsarAja ke vaMzaja AnandapuranivAsI acala prakAzoM meN| dvaaraa| laga0 1518 I0 / de0 alavara, saM0 291 / AhnikaratnacaSaka--gaMgAdharasuta dvArA (bar3odA, saM0 AhnikadIpaka--zivarAma dvaaraa| de0 Ahnika- 12306-7) / sNkssep| Ahnikavidhi--kamalAkara dvaaraa| Ahnikapaddhati --viTThaladIkSita dvaaraa| dekhie 'yaju- Ahnikavidhi-nArAyaNa bhaTTa dvaaraa| vllbhaa'| AhnikasaMkSepa-kauthumizAkhA kaa| AhnikapArijAta-anantabhaTTa dvaaraa| AhnikasaMkSepa-jJAnabhAskara kaa| AhnikaprakAza--vIramitrodaya se| AhnikasaMkSepa-vAmadeva dvArA; lAlA Thakkura ke lie AhikapradIpa--kamalAkara dvArA u0| likhit| Ahikaprayoga-godAvarI para kUparagrAma ke kamalAkara AhnikasaMkSepa-zivarAma dvaaraa| vaidyanAtha ke Ahnika dvaaraa| bar3odA kI saM0 277 meM kucha sandeha hai| kA saMkSepa / Ahikaprayoga--sadAziva dIkSita ke putra kAzIdIkSita AhnikasaMgraha----yajJabhaTTAtmaja nAgezabhaTTa ke putra ananta dvaaraa| rudrakalpadruma meM ananta ne uddharaNa diyA hai| bhaTTa dvaaraa| zuklayajurvediyoM ke lie| Ahikaprayoga--govardhana kavimaNDana dvArA (Apa- AhnikasAra---dalapatirAja dvArA (dvitIya adhyAya stambiyoM ke lie| nRsiMhaprasAda kA hai)|

Page #530
dharmazAstrIya granyasUcI 1523 AhnikasAra--bAlaMbhaTTa dvArA (sambhavataH Ahnika- utsargaprayoga--nArAyaNa bhaTTa dvaaraa| sAramaMjarI ke lekhk)| utsargamayUkha---nIlakaNTha dvArA (je0 Ara0 gharapure dvArA AhnikasAra--sudarzanAcArya dvaaraa| bambaI meM mudrit)| AhnikasAra--harirAma dvaaraa| utsargopAkarmaprayoga--nArAyaNa bhaTTa ke suta rAmakRSNa AhnikasAramaJjarI--vizvanAthabhaTTa dAtAra ke putra dvaaraa| bAlambhaTTa dvaaraa| utsrjnpddhti| AhnikasUtra--gautama kA, brAhmaNoM ke kartavyoM para 17 utsarjanopAkarmaprayoga--mahAdeva ke suta bApUbhaTTa dvaaraa| khaNDoM meN| de0 bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 esa0, pR0 / utsavanirNaya-tulajArAma dvaaraa| 204, saM0 651 / utsavanirNaya--puruSottama dvaaraa| aahniksmRtisNgrh| utsavanirNayamaMjarI-gaMgAdhara dvaaraa| zaka saM0 1554 AhnikAcArarAja--sarvAnanda-kula ke puSkarAkSaprapautra (1632 I0) meM praNIta (bar3odA. saM0 2375) / rAmAnanda vAcaspati dvaaraa| laga0 1750 I0 utsvprkaash| meM nadiyA ke rAjA kRSNacandrarAya ke saMrakSaNa meM utsavapratAna--puruSottama dvaaraa| sNghiit| udakyAza ddhiprakAza---jvAlAnAtha mizra dvaaraa| AlikAmata-raMganAtha ke suta vAsudeva bhaTTAcArya dvaaraa| udayAkarapaddhati--(tantra) 'mAlAsaMskAra' meM u0| vaiSNavoM kI vaikhAnasa zAkhA ke karmoM evaM dhArmika udIcyaprakAza--(bar3odA, saM0 8016) / kRtyoM pr| udyaanprtisstthaa| AhnikobAra---raghunandana dvArA Ahnikatattva meM u0| udyaapnkaalnirnny| indrvttsmRti| udvAhakanyAsvarUpanirNaya / iSTikAla-dAmodara dvaaraa| udvAhacandikA--govardhana upAdhyAya dvaaraa| IzAnasaMhitA-samayamayUkha meM vrnnit| udvAhatattva-de0 vivaahtttv| TI0 kAzIrAma vAcaIzvarasaMhitA--raghunandana dvArA tithitattva meM u0| spati bhaTTAcArya (san 1877 evaM 1916 meM baMgalA ujvalA-haradatta dvArA; ApastambadharmasUtra para ttii0| lipi meM kalakattA se mudrit)| TI0 kAlAmRta, veGkaTayajvA dvaaraa| udvAhanirNaya--gopAla nyAyapaMcAnana dvaaraa| uttarakAlAmRta--kAlidAsa dvArA (vivAha, viruddhasambandha udvaahlkssnn| Adi pr)| udvAhaviveka-- gaNezabhaTTa dvaaraa| uttarakriyApati--yAjJikadeva dvaaraa| udvAhavyavasthA--no0, jilda 2, pR0 77 / uttriiykrm--(kaannviiy)| udvAhavyavasthA--de0 sambandhavyavasthAvikAsa / utpAtazAnti-vRddhagarga likhita kahI gayI hai| udvaahvyvsthaasNkssep| utsargakamalAkara--kamalAkara bhaTTa kaa| udvAhAdikAlanirNaya--gopInAtha dvArA (bar3odA, saM0 utsrgkrm| 10226) / utsargakaustubha--anantadeva ke smRtikaustubha kA aNsh| upkaashypsmRti| utsarganirNaya--kRSNarAma dvaaraa| upacAraSoDazaratnamAlA--(mahAdevaparicaryAsUtravyAkhyA) utsargapati--anantadeva dvaaraa| raghurAmatIrtha ke ziSya surezvarasvAmI dvaaraa| utsrgprishisstt| upnynkrmpddhti| 119

Page #531
1524 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa upanayanakArikA-ajJAta / Rtulkssnn| upanayanacintAmaNi-zivAnanda dvaaraa| Rtushaanti| upanayanatantra --gobhila dvaaraa| RtvigvaraNanirNaya-.--.anantadeva dvaaraa| upanayanatantra--rAmadatta dvArA! Rssitrpnn| upnyntntr----laugaakssiaaraa| Rssitrpnnkaarikaa| upanayanapaddhati--rAmadatta dvArA (vAjasaneyiyoM ke RSibhaTTI--de0 sNskaarbhaaskr| RSyazRMgavidhAna--(varSA ke lie kRtya) bar3odA, upanayanapaddhati-vizvanAtha dIkSita dvaaraa| saM0 11047 / upsthaan| RSyazRMgasmati--de0 praka0 40 / upAkarma nirnny| ekadaNDisaMnyAsavidhi--zaunaka dvaaraa| upAkarmakArikA--(sTIna, pR0 12) / ekanakSatrajananazAnti--garga dvArA (bar3odA, saM0 upAkarmapaddhati--(kAtyAyanIya) vaidyanAtha dvaaraa| upAkarmapramANa--bAladIkSita dvaaraa| ekavastrasnAnavidhi-zaMkarabhaTTAtmaja nIlakaNTha ke putra upAkarma pryog--(aapstmbiiy)| bhAnubhaTTa dvaaraa| laga0 1640-1680 ii0| upaakrmpryog--(aashvlaayniiy)| ekAgnikANDa--(yajurvedIya) mantrapATha, mantraprapAThaka upAkarmaprayoga--TIkAbhaTTa ke putra dvArakAnAtha dvaaraa|| evaM mantraprazna bhI nAma haiM (maisUra, 1902) / de0 upAkarma vidhi| aapstmbiiymntrpaatth| upAkRtitattva--bAlambhaTTa, urpha bAlakRSNa pAyaguNDedvArA; ekAgnikANDamantravyAkhyA---haradatta dvaaraa| prati0 saM0 1848 (1792 I0); sTIna, pR0 ekAgnidAnapaddhati---zrIdatta mizra dvaaraa| la* saMvat 302 / 299-1418 I0 meM mithilA ke devasiMha ke saMrakSaNa upAkarmavidhi---dayAzaMkara dvaaraa| meM pANDu0 utArI gyii| upaaNgirHsmRti| ekAdazAhakRtya / UrdhvapuNDanirNaya----puruSottama dvArA, kAla 1764 saMvat, ekAdazinIprayoga--(11 bAra rudrAdhyAya kA paatth)| bar3odA, saM0 3862 / ekAdazItattva--raghunandana dvaaraa| TI0 kAzIrAma vaacuurdhvpunndddhaarnn| spati dvaaraa| TI0 'dIpa', rAdhAmohana gosvAmI uurdhvml| dvaaraa| zAntipura ke vAsI evaM kolabuka ke bhitra / RgvedAhnika-kAzInAtha dvaaraa| RgvedAhnikacandrikA caitanyadeva ke sAthI advaita ke vaMzaja the| nAma bhI hai| ekAdazInirNaya-isa nAma ke kaI grantha haiM aura kaiTalAgoM RgvedAhnika-ziromaNi dvaaraa| meM lekhaka ke nAma nahIM diye hue haiN| RgvedAhnikacandrikA kAzInAtha dvaaraa| ekAdazInirNaya-(yA nirNayasAra) murAri ke putra Rjuprayoga--vizvanAtha hosiMga ke putra bhaTTa rAma dvArA dharaNIdhara dvaaraa| za0 saM0 1408 (1486 I0) (toryadarpaNa ke AdhAra pr)| bar3odA, saM0 8515, meM prnniit| mahArAjAdhirAja bIsaladeva kA nAma zaka saM0 1676 / ullikhita hai| anantabhaTTa, vopadeva paNDita, vizvarUpa RjumitAkSarA---yaha mitAkSarA hI hai| (zuddhA evaM viddhA ekAdazI ke prakAroM para zloka), Rnnmokssnn| vijJAnezvara (ekAdazI para tIna sragdharA zlokoM) kA

Page #532
dharmazAstrIya granyasucI ullekha hai| bar3odA, saM0 12052; kAla saMvat aurdhvadehikaprakaraNa | 1620 / auvaM dehikAdhikAranirNaya / ekAvazInirNaya -- kRSNA nadI para virATanagara (vAI) meM kaThapariziSTa - - parizeSakhaNDa meM hemAdri dvArA u0 / kaThasUtra - - hemAdri dvArA parizeSakhaNDa evaM saMskAramayUkha meM u0 / aSTaputra kula ke narasiMha-putra hari dvArA / ekAvazInirNaya nIlakaNTha ke putra zaMkara dvArA (sadAcAra-saMgraha kA eka bhAga ) / ekAdazInirNayavyAkhyA---- Anandagiri ke ziSya acyutA nanda dvArA / ekAvazIviveka -- zUlapANi dvArA / de0 praka0 95 / ekAdazIvratanirNaya- devakInandana dvArA | ekAdazIvratodyApanapaddhati / ekAdazIhomanirNaya-- ( bar3odA, saMkhyA 8332) / ekAdazIhomanirNaya: rAma navaratna dvArA (baDodA, saM0 8556) / ekoddiSTA / ekoddiSTazrAddhapaddhati / ekoddiSTaprayoga | ekoddiSTasAriNI-gaMgolI saMjIvezvara ke putra ratnapANi mizra dvArA | mithilA ke rAjA ke anugraha ke lie praNIta / ainvavamAsanirNaya gaNezadatta dvArA / audIcyaprakAza veNIdatta dvArA / aupAsanaprAyazcita - (anantadeva kI saMskAradIdhiti se ) | aurdhvadehika kalpavallo -- vizvanAtha dvArA / audhvadehika kriyApaddhati - jyotirvid gobAla ke putra vizvanAtha dvArA ( zuklayajurveda mAdhyandinI zAkhA ke anusAra / ye gomatIvAlajJAtIya the / kaNThabhUSaNa -- vaidika sArvabhauma dvArA / prayogacandrikA meM va0 / yaha gRhyaratna kI TIkA hai| kaNva smRti gau0 dha0 sU0, AcAramayUkha evaM zrAddhamayUkha meM haradatta dvArA va0 / kadalIvratodyApana | kanyAgatatIrthavidhi / kanyAdAnapaddhati / kanyAvivAha / kanyAsaMskAra / karpAdakArikA -- nirNayasindhu evaM saMskAramayUkha (siddhe zvarakRta ) meM va0 / kapAla mocanazrAddha / kapilagodAna / kapilasaMhitA - saMskAramayUkha meM va0 / kapilasmRti-- 10 adhyAyoM meM, pratyeka meM 100 zloka, kaliyuga meM brAhmaNoM kI avanati, zrAddha, zuddhi, dattaka putra, vivAha, dAna, prAyazcitta para / kapilAdAna / kapilAdAnapaddhati | karNavedhavidhAna -- ( prayogapArijAta se ) / karmakANDapaddhati / 1525 audhvadehika nirNaya -- vAsudevAzrama dvArA / aurdhvadehikapaddhati-- rAmakRSNa ke putra kamalAkara bhaTTa karmakAlaprakAza-- kRSNarAma dvArA / dvArA / de0 praka0 106 / aurdhvadehikapaddhati --- ( yA prayoga ) yajJezvara ke putra kRSNa karmakaumudI -- mizra viSNuzarmA dvArA / dIkSita dvArA ( sAmaveda ke anusAra ) / auSya dehikapaddhati-- dayAzaMkara dvArA / mohikapaddhati -- (yA antyeSTipaddhati) rAmezvara ke putra nArAyaNa bhaTTa dvArA / karmakANDasArasamuccaya-- ( bar3odA, saM0 9506, saMvat 1618=1561-62 I0 ) / karmakaumudI -- Avasathika brahmadatta ke suta kRSNadatta dvArA / - karma kriyAkANDa - (zaiva ) 1073 I0 meM somazambhu dvArA ; 1206 meM pANDu * utArI gayI / de0 haraprasAda zAstrI ( darabAra lAibrerI, nepAla), pR0 95 / karmatattvapradIpikA - ( urpha laghupaddhati) raghunAthAtmaja

Page #533
1526 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa puruSottama ke putra kRSNabhaTTa dvArA; kalivarNya, karmaphaloM para nArada ko zikSA dI hai (alavaraM, Ahnika, saMskAra, zrAddha para; mAdhavIya, vAmanabhASya, 293) / candrikA, jayanta, kAlAdarza, madanapArijAta ko karmavipAka-bharata dvArA, jisameM bhRga ne zikSA dI hai| uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| laga0 1400-1550 I0 karmavipAka-bhRgu dvArA, jisameM vasiSTha ne zikSA dI hai| (sTIna, pR0 304) / karmavipAka-mAdhavAcArya dvaaraa| karmadIpa-trikANDamaNDana meM u0| karmavipAka--mAndhAtA dvaaraa| de0 mahArNavakarmavipAka / karmadIpikA-raghurAmatIrtha dvaaraa| eka vizAla grnth| karmavipAka-maulugi bhUpati dvaaraa| karmavipAkasArasaMgraha varNAzramavarma, vyavahAra, prAyazcitta para 73 adhyAyoM evaM nRsiMhaprasAda dvArA v0| san 1389 I0 se adhika / vijJAnezvara kA ullekha hai| pANDu0 apUrNa ke puurv|| (bI0 bI0 Ara0 e. es, pR. 211-213) / karmavipAka--aruNa ke prati ravi dvArA (alavara, saM0 karmadIpikA-bhUdhara ke putra haridatta dvArA (bar3odA, 1278 evaM bhAga 293) / saM0 6892) / kuNDa, vedi, madhuparka, kanyAdAna, karmavipAka-rAmakRSNAcArya caturthIkarma pr| karmavipAka-vizvezvara bhaTTa dvaaraa| de. mahArNavakarmakarmanirNaya-AnandatIrtha dvaaraa| TI. jayatIrtha dvaaraa| vipAka ; zuddhitattva (pR0 242) dvArA v0| TI0 para TI0, rAghavendra dvaaraa| pharmavipAka-nIlakaNTha bhaTTa ke putra zaMkarabhaTTa dvArA karmapati--cidghanAnanda dvaaraa| (iNDi0 A0, 3, pR0 575) kampIyUSa--ahalyAkAmadhenu meM va0 / karmavipAka-padmanAbhAtmaja kAnhaDadeva ke jyeSTha putra kamaprakAza-kalAyakhaJja dvaaraa| dvaaraa| de0 'sAragrAhakarmavipAka / ' karmaprakAza--jyotistattva meM raghunandana dvArA v0| karmavipAka-jJAnabhAskara ke prti| karmaprakAzikA-paJcAkSara gurunAtha dvArA (pAkayajJa, karmavipAka-sUryArNava ke prti| kUSmANDahoma, putrasvIkAravidhi, zUlagava pr)| karmavipAka-zAtAtapasmRti se (jIvAnanda 2,pR0435) karmapradIpa--kAtyAyana yA gobhila kA kahA gayA hai| karmavipAkacikitsAmatasAgara--paNDita devIdAsa dvaaraa| 'chandogapariziSTa' nAma bhI hai| zUlapANi, mAdhava, krmvipaakpripaattii| raghunandana, kamalAkara dvArA u0| TI0 cakravara ke patra krmvipaakpraayshcitt| AzAditya yA AzArka dvaaraa| TI0 pariziSTa-prakAza, karmavipAkamahArNava-de0 mahArNavakarmavipAka / goNa ke putra nArAyaNopAdhyAya dvArA (bibli0 karmavipAkaratna--rAmakRSNa ke putra kamalAkara dvaaraa| iNDi0, 1909) / TI0 vizrAma ke putra zivarAma karmavipAkasaMhitA--(veMkaTezvara presa dvArA mudrit)| dvaaraa| brahmapurANa kA eka bhaag|| karmapradIpikA--kAmadeva dvArA pAraskaragRhyasUtra para eka karmavipAkasaMgraha---mahArNavakarmavipAka se| karmavipAka meM pddhti| zaMkara dvArA evaM madanaratna meM u0| karmaprAyazcitta--veMkaTavijayI dvaaraa| karmavipAkasamuccaya-madanapAla ke putra mAndhAtA kRta karmama jarI--(alavara kaiTalAga, saM0 1277) / mahArNava meM evaM nityAcArapradIpa meM v0| san 1350 karmalocana--gRhasthoM ke karmoM para 108 shlok| I. ke puurv| krmvipaak| karmavipAkasAra-karmavipAka meM zaMkara dvArA evaM nityAkarmavipAka-brahmAjI dvArA, jinhoMne 12 adhyAyoM meM cArapradIpa (pR0 140 evaM 207) meM u0||

Page #534
dharmazAstrIya granthasUcI karmavipAkasAra -- dalapatirAja ( laga0 1510 I0) kalpatara - lakSmIghara dvArA / de0 praka0 77 / kalpa -- madanapArijAta meM evaM devadAsa dvArA u0 / kalpadruma-de0 dAnakalpadruma, rAmakalpadruma evaM zrAddhakalpadruma / caNDezvara evaM madanapArijAta (jinameM donoM kA artha hai lakSmIdhara kA kalpadruma) dvArA uddhRta kalpalatA de0 kRtyakalpalatA / kalpalatA--lollaTa (?) dvArA | zrIdhara, rAmakRSNa ke zrAddhasaMgraha evaM raghunandana ke malamAsatattva dvArA uta dvArA / karma vipAkasAra -- nArAyaNabhaTTAtmaja rAmakRSNa ke putra dinakara dvArA (iNDi0 A0, pANDu0 saMvat 1696; pR0 573 ) / laga0 1585-1620 I0 / karmavipAkasAra -- sUrya rAma dvArA / karma vipAkasArasaMgraha - padmanAbhAtmaja kAnhar3a yA kAnhar3a ke jyeSTha putra dvArA / de0 'sAragrAhakarmavipAka' evaM 'karma vipAka' / karmavipAkArka - - zaMkara dvArA de0 karmavipAka / karma vipAkasArodvAra | karma saMgraha --- ahalyAkAmadhenu meM va0 / karmasaraNi --- viTThala dIkSita dvArA / de0 'yajurvallabhA' / dvArA ( bar3odA, saM0 janma 1519 I0 / karmasiddhAnta -- puruSottama 8361); zrAddha, svapnAdhyAya Adi para / karmAnuSThAnapaddhati---bhavadeva dvArA de0 praka0 73 / karmopadezinI - halAyudha dvArA de0 praka0 72 / kalAnidhi -- vizvambhara ke smRtisAroddhAra meM va0 / kalikA de0 'dIpakalikA' / kamalAkara dvArA u0 / kalidharma nirNaya | kavirahasya -- kRSNabhaTTa dvArA / kavirAjakautuka - kavirAja giri dvArA / kazyapasmRti-- hemAdri, mAdhava, vijJAnezvara evaM madanapArijAta dvArA u0 / kazyapottarasaMhitA / TI0 'saMsArapaddhati rahasya' / karmopadezinI--aniruddha dvArA / raghunandana evaM kamalAkara kastUrI smRti-- ( yA smRtizekhara) kastUrI dvArA | dvArA u0 de0 praka0 82 / kAMsyapAtradAna | kAkacaNDezvarI / kalidhamaM prakaraNa - kamalAkara bhaTTa dvArA ! kalidharma sArasaMgraha -- vizvezvara sarasvatI dvArA | kaliyugadharmasAra - vizvezvara sarasvatI dvArA / do bhAgoM meM; prathama viSNupUjA para aura dvitIya zivapUjA, gaMgAsnAna- phala Adi para / kaliyugadharmAdharma / kalivajyaMnirNaya- nIlakaNTha ke jyeSTha bhAI dAmodara dvArA / AcAramayUkha meM u0 / laga0 1610 I0 / isameM nArAyaNabhaTTa kI mAMsamIsAMsA, lekhaka ke pitA kI zAstradIpikA TIkA, rAmacandrAcArya, zrAddhadIpakalikA Adi kA ullekha hai ( bar3odA, saM0 10793 ) / 1527 kalpavRkSadAna / harsmRti - parAzarasmRti vyAkhyA evaM gau0 dha0 sU0 ke masvaribhASya dvArA u0 / story - hemAdri evaM raghunandana ( malamAsatattva evaM zrAddhamayUkha meM) dvArA u0 / storicikA / kAThakagRhyapariziSTa-- hemAdri evaM raghunandana dvArA va0 / kAThakagRhyasUtra -- laugAkSi dvArA ( DI0 e0 vI0 kAleja lAhaura, 1925, DA0 kaileNDa, jahA~ tIna TAMkAoM se uddharaNa diye gaye haiM) / TI0 (bhASya ) devapAla (haripAla bhaTTa ke putra) dvaaraa| TI0 (vivaraNa) Adityadarzana dvaaraa| TI0 mAvavAcArya ke putra brAhmaNabala kI 'paddhati' / kAThakAhnika- gaMgAdhara dvArA / kANva ---- Apa 0 dha0 sU0 (1 / 19 / 6) meM uddhRta | kAtIyagRhya- de0 pAraskaragRhya; saMskAramayUkha meM va0 / kAtyAyanagRhyakArikA /

Page #535
1528 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa kaatyaayngRhmprishisstt| kaaysthttv| kAtyAyanasmRti-yAjJavalkya, vijJAnezvara, hemAdri, mAdhava kAyasthanirNaya-(yA prakAza) vizvezvara urpha gAgAbhaTTa dvArA va0 / de0 vRddhakAtyAyana, raghunandana ne ullekha dvaaraa| lagabhaga 1674 I0 meM praNIta / kiyA hai (jIvAnanda dvArA mudrita, bhAga 1, pR0 kaaysthnirnny| 604-644) / ise Ananda0 (pR0 49-71) meM kAyasthapaddhati--vizvezvara dvArA / 1874 I0 meM bambaI karmapradIpa evaM gobhilasmRti kahA gayA hai| meM mudrit| yaha kAyasthapradIpa hI hai (bar3odA, saM0 kAdambarI--gokulanAtha ke dvaitanirNaya para eka ttiikaa| 9670, saMvat 1727 = 1670-71 I0) / kAmadhenu--gopAla dvaaraa| de0 praka0 71 / kaaysthvicaar| kAmadhenu--Tekacandra ke putra yatIza dvaaraa| isameM dharma, kAyasthotpatti---gaMgAdhara dvaaraa| artha, kAma evaM mokSa--cAra stanoM kA varNana hai| kaarnnpraayshcitt|| amRtapAla ke putra vijayapAla ke saMrakSaNa meM sNgRhiit| kArikA--anantadeva dvaaraa| sTona, pR0 84 evaM 301 / kArikATIkA--(laghu) mAdhava dvaaraa| kAmadhenudIpikA--manusmRti ke TIkAkAra nArAyaNa dvArA kAriphAmaMjarI--maudgala gotra ke vaidyanAtha ke putra kanaka(de0 manu 5 / 56, 80 evaM 104) / ___ sabhApati dvaaraa| TI0 prayogAdarza (lekhaka dvaaraa)| kAmandakIyanItisAra--(bibli0iNDi0 evaM dAenIela kaarikaasmuccy| sauroja) mahAbhArata, vAmana ke kAvyAlaMkAra meM v0| kArtavIryArjunadIpadAna- rAmakRSNa ke putra kmlaakrdvaaraa| 19 sargoM evaM 1087 zlokoM meN| kucha pANDu 0 meM 20 kArtavIryArjunadIpadAnapati---vizvAmitra ke putra raghunAtha sarga haiN| TI0, AtmArAma dvaaraa| TI0 upAdhyAya dvaaraa| nirapekSA (alavara, 29) / yaha kAvyAdarza ke prathama kArtavIryArjunadIpadAnapaddhati-kRSNa ke putra lakSmaNadezika zloka se Arambha hotA hai aura 'kauTilya' zabda kI dvaaraa| vyutpattiyA~ upasthita karatA hai---'kuTirghaTa ucyate taM kAryanirNayasaMkSepa----(zrAddha pr)| lAnti saMgRhNanti . . .nAdhikaM . . .iti kuTilAH.., kArNAjinismRti---hemAdri, mAdhava, jImUtavAhana, mitAkuTilAnAmapatga kauTilya: vissnnuguptH'| TI0 jayarAma kSarA dvArA v0|| dvaaraa| TI0 jayamaMgalA, zaMkarArya dvArA (TrAenI- kAlakaumudI-durgotsavaviveka meM va0 / ela sii.)| TI0 nayaprakAza, varadarAja dvaaraa| kAlakaumadI---harivaMzabhadra (drAviDa) ke putra gopAla bhadra kAmarUpanibandha--- raghunandana kI pustaka malamAsatatva meM dvaaraa| raghunandana, rAyamukuTa, kamalAkara dvArA va0 / evaM kamalAkara dvArA u0| 1400 I0 ke pUrva / kAmarUpayAtrApaddhati--halirAmazarmA dvArA; 10 paTaloM kAlakaumudI--gadAvara ke putra nIlambara (kAlasAra ke meN| lekhaka) dvArA govindAnanda kI zuddhikaumudI meM va0 / kAmika-hemAdri, kAlamAdhava, nRsiMhaprasAda, nirNayasindhu kAlaguNottara--zAntimayUkha meM va0 / dvArA v0| kAlacandrikA---kRSNabhaTTa maunI dvaaraa| kaamykrmkmlaa| kAlacandrikA-~-pANDuraMga morezvara bhaTTa dvaaraa| kaamysaamaanypryogrtn| kAlacintAmaNi---gIvindAnanda kI zuddhirkAmudI meM va0 kAyasthakSatriyatvadrumadalanakuThAra--- lakSmInArAyaNa paNDita (ataH 1500 I0 ke puurv)| dvaaraa| kAlatasvavivecana---bhaTTa rAmezvarAtmaja bhaTTa mAdhava

Page #536
(lalitA ) ke putra samrATsthapati raghunAthabhaTTa dvArA / saMvat 1677 = 1620 I0 meM praNIta / tithiyoM, mAsa evaM adhikamAsa para / kAlatattvavivecanasArasaMgraha ---- ( yA sArodvAra ) bAlakRSNa ke putra zambhu bhaTTa dvArA (vivecana para AdhArita ) / ye mAMsa khaNDadeva ke ziSya the / liga0 1700 I0 / kAlatattvArNava TokA, rAmaprakAza, rAmadeva dvArA / kAlataraMga - chalAri nRsiMha dvArA smRtyarthasAra kA prathama bhAga / kAladAnapaddhati / kAladivAkara --- candranDa dIkSita dvArA / kAladIpa - saMskAramayukha evaM nRsiMhaprasAda (saMskArasAra) meM varNita / 1500 I0 ke pUrva / TI0 nRsiMha ke prayogapArijAta meM va0 / kAladIpa - divyasiMha mahApAtra dvArA | kAlanirUpaNa vaidyanAtha dvArA / dharmazAstrIya pranyasUcI kAlanirNaya --- AdityabhaTTa kavivallabha dvArA / kAlanirNaya- gopAla nyAyapaMcAnana dvaaraa| kAlanirNaya - toTakAcArya dvArA / kAlanirNaya - - (laghu) dAmodara dvArA / kAlanirNaya - nArAyaNabhaTTa dvArA (? sambhavataH yaha kAlanirNayasaMgrahazloka hI hai ) / kAlanirNaya - - ( saMkSipta ) bhaTToji dvArA ( bar3odA, saM0 -- 5373) / kAlanirNaya - - mAdhava dvArA (kAlamAdhavIya bhI nAma hai ) / bibli0 iNDi0 evaM caukhambhA dvArA prakAzita / TI0 mizra mohana tarkatilaka dvArA saM0 1670 (khamunirasendumitebde ) = san 1614 I0 meM likhita (Dakana kAleja, saM0 264, 1886 - 92 ) / TI0 kAlanirNayasaMgrahailoka vivaraNa, rAmezvara ke putra nArAyaNabhaTTa dvaaraa| TI0 kAlamAdhavacandrikA, mathurAnAtha zukla dvArA / TI0 dIpikA, de0 kAlanirNayadIpikA, rAmacandrAcArya dvaaraa| TI0 dharaNIdhara dvaaraa| TI0 lakSmI, vaidyanAtha pAyaguNDe kI patnI lakSmIdevI dvArA / kAlanirNaya -- hemAdri ke parizeSakhaNDa se / 1529 kAlanirNayakArikA --- ( kAlamAdhava se, mAdhavAcArya kI 130 kArikAe~) / TI0 ajJAta (no0 jilda 10, pR0 239-240) / TI0 rAmacandra ke putra vaidyanAtha dvArA (sTIna, pR0 85) / kAlanirNayakautuka - nandapaNDita ke harivaMzavilAsa kA eka bhAga / kAlanirNayacandrikA --- (1) mahAdeva ke putra, kAla upAvivAle divAkarabhaTTa dvArA / ye kamalAkara ke pitA rAmakRSNa ke dauhitra the / laga0 1660 I0 / (2) nRsiMha ke pautra evaM zrIdhamabhidru tathA kAmakkA ke putra sItArAmacandra ( kauNDinya gotra ) dvArA / kAlanirNayadIpikA - kAzInAthabhaTTa dvArA, jinakA dUsarA nAma thA zivAnandanAtha, jo jayarAma bhaTTa ke putra, zivarAmabhaTTa ke pautra evaM ananta ke ziSya the / kAlanirNayadIpikA - kRSNabhaTTa dvArA / kAlanirNaya dIpikA-kRSNAcArya ke putra, anantAcArya ke pautra evaM paramahaMsa zrI gopAla ke ziSya rAmacandrAcArya dvArA mAdhavIyakAlanirNaya para eka TIkA / laga0 1400 I0 / inhoMne prakriyAkaumudI bhI likhii| TI0 vivaraNa, unake putra nRsiMha dvArA; pANDu0 kI tithi 1548 I0; nRsiMhaprasAda meM va0 / isameM zeSa kula kI vistRta vaMzAvalI dI huI hai (bar3odA, saM0 10410, jisameM zaka saM0 1331 hai- 'zazAMkakAlAnalavizvasamite virodhivarSe ) / TI0 rAmaprakAza, rAghavendra dvArA, kRpArAmanRpati kI AjJA se praNIta, TI0 sUryamaNDita dvArA / kAlanirNayaprakAza - viTThala ke putra evaM bAlakRSNa tatsat ke pautra rAmacandra dvaaraa| unakI mAtA kAlatattvavivecana ke lekhaka raghunAthabhaTTa kI putrI thIM ( ataH laga0 1670 I0 ) / bar3odA, saM0 8455 kI tithi zaka 1603 mAgha (pharavarI, 1682 ) hai / kAlanirNayasaMkSepa - lakSmIdhara ke putra bhaTToji dvArA ( hemAdri ke grantha para AdhArita) / kAlanirNayasAra -- dalapatirAja dvArA (nRsiMhaprasAda kA eka aMza ) / de0 praka0 99 /

Page #537
1530 kAlanirNayasiddhAnta - kAnhajit ke putra mahAdevavid dvArA (118 zlokoM meM ); Adhunika sihora ke pAsa velAvaTapura meM jayarAma ke putra raghurAma dvArA saMgRhIta dya sAmagrI para AdhArita; bhuja nagara meM san 165253 (saM0 1709) meM praNIta / de0 Da0 kA0 pANDu, saM0 275, 1887 - 9 I0 TI0 lekhaka dvArA saMvat 1710 meM likhita / dharmazAstra kA itihAsa nanda kA eka bhAga / kAlanirNayAvabodha -- anantadaivajJa dvArA / kAlasiddhAnta -- ( yA siddhAntanirNaya) dharmAbhaTTAtmaja umApati yA ummaNabhaTTa ke putra candracUr3a (paurANika upAdhivArI) dvArA / 1550 ke uparAnta / kAlanirNayasaukhya- ( yA samaya nirNayasaukhya ) ToDarA- kAlAdarza -- ( yA kAlanirNaya ) vizvezvarAcArya ke ziSya gotra ke AdityabhaTTa kavivallabha dvArA / pANDu 0 saM 0 1581 meM; nRsiMha, allADanAtha, raghunandana, kAlamAdhava, durgotsavaviveka dvArA u0; isameM smRticandrikA, smRtimahArNava, vizvAdarza kA ullekha hai, ataH 1200 1325 I0 ke bIca praNIta / kAlAmRta -- ( evaM TI0 ujjvalA ) veMkaTayajvA dvArA, jisake cAra bhAiyoM meM eka yallayajvA bhI thA / ( 1 ) huza (telugu evaM granthalipiyoM meM madrAsa meM mudrita ) pR0 72 / ( 2 ) surubhaTTa lakSmInarasiMha dvArA / lekhaka kI TI0, 1880 I0 meM madrAsa meM mudrita / kAlAvali -- adbhutasAgara meM ba0 / kAlikAcanapaddhati | kAlapradIpa -- nRsiMha ke prayogapArijAta meM va0 / kAlapradIpa - divyasiMha dvArA / kAlabhASyanirNaya - gaurInAtha cakravartI dvArA ( bar3odA, saM0 10260 ) / kAla bhAskara -- zambhunAtha mizra dvArA (bar3odA, saM0 10155) / kAlabheva / kAlamayUkha --- ( yA samayamayUkha) nIlakaNTha dvArA / de0 praka0 107 / kAlamAdhava --- kAzI saMskRta sI0 evaM bibli0 iNDi0 ; de0 kAlanirNaya, Upara / kAlamAdhavakArikA -- ( yA laghubhAdhava) 1 TI0 viTThalA - tmaja rAmacandra tatsat ke putra vaidyanAthasUri dvArA ( alavara, saM0 1293) / kAlamArtaNDa - kRSNa mitrAcArya dvArA, jo rAmasevaka ke putra evaM devIdatta bhaTTa ke pautra the / kAlavidhAna -- nanda paNDita kI zrAddhakalpalatA meM varNita / kAlavidhAna -- zrIdhara kA / kAlavidhAnapaddhati --zrIdhara kRta / kAlaviveka---jImUtavAhana dvArA (bibli0 iNDi0 sI0 ) de0 praka0 78 / nRsiMha, raghunandana evaM kamalAkara dvArA va0 / kAlavivecanasArasaMgraha - zambhubhaTTa dvArA / kAlasarvasva kautsa gotra ke kRSNamizra dvArA / kI rAnI ke guru halavara ke bhatIje gadAdhara dvArA / bibli0 iNDi0 sI0 dvArA prakAzita / 1450-1500 ke bIca | isane kAlamAdhavIya, kAlAdarza evaM rudradhara kA ullekha kiyA hai | kAlikAcanapradIpa--- ahalyAkAmadhenu meM va0 / kAlikAcAhatA -- ahalyAkAmadhenu meM va0 / erforativeaa / kAlottara --- hemAdri evaM raghunandana ke malamAsatattva dvArA 0 / isI nAma kA eka tAntrika grantha-sA lagatA hai| kAlyarcanacandrikA -- nIlakamala lAhiDI dvArA / baMgalA lipi meM san 1877-79 meM murzidAbAda se prakAzita / kAzIkhaNDakathAkeli --- prabhAkara dvArA / kAzItattva --- raghunAthendra sarasvatI dvArA / kAzItattvadIpikA -- prabhAkara dvArA ( kyA yaha uparyukta -keli hI hai ? ) kAzItatvaprakAzikA --- ( yA kAzIsAroddhAra ) raghunAthe ndrazivayogI dvArA / (sTIna, pR0 86 evaM 303 ) / ullAsoM meM vibhakta / saMbhavataH yaha kAzItattva hI hai| kAlasAra - nIlAmbara evaM jAnakI ke putra, harekRSNa bhUpati kAzIprakaraNa -- ( tristhalI setu se ) /

Page #538
dharmazAstrIya pranyasUcI kAzIprakAza - nanda paNDita dvArA / de0 praka0 105 / kAzI maraNamuktivicAra -- nArAyaNabhaTTa dvArA / kAzImAhAtmyakaumudI -- raghunAthadAsa dvArA / kAzImuktiprakAzikA | kAzImRtimokSanirNaya -- (yA kAzI mokSa nirNaya ) surezvarA - kuNDagaNapati / cArya dvArA / kAzImRtimokSanirNaya-- vizvanAthAcArya dvArA / kAzIrahasyaprakAza nArAyaNa ke putra rAma bhaTTAtmaja nArAyaNa dvArA / kAmadeva kI AjJA se rAjanagara meM praNIta / jilda kAzyapadharmazAstra -- de0 praka0 19 ( iNDi0 A0, ' 3, pR0 384, saM0 1317) / kIrticandrodaya -- akabara ke zAsana kAla meM (laga0 16 vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM ) cUhaDamalla kI saMrakSakatA meM dAmodarapaNDita dvArA / kIrtitattva | kIrtiprakAza-- viSNuzarmA dvArA / de0 'samaya prakAza' (iNDi0 oN, pR0538, saM0 1682 ) / kuNDakalpadruma ----vyAsa nArAyaNAtmaja kUka ke putra mAdhavazukla dvaaraa| zaka saM0 1577 (1655-56 I0) meM praNIta / kAzyapagotra ke udIcyabrAhmaNa / kuNDatattvapradIpa, kuNDaziromaNi, kuNDasiddhi, vizvanAtha kA ullekha hai| 1879 I0 meM banArasa meM mudrita / TIkA lekhaka dvArA / kuNDakalpalatA -- rAmakRSNAtmaja puruSottama ke putra durAja dvArA / ye rAma paNDita ke ziSya evaM nanda paNDita ke pitA the / laga0 1600 I0 / kuNDakArikA - bhaTTa lakSmIdhara dvArA / kuNDakaumudI -- ( yA kuNDamaNDapakaumudI ) zambhu ke putra vizvanAtha dvArA (yaha kuNDa ratnAkara ke lekhaka vizvanAtha se bhinna / isameM madanaratna evaM rUpanArAyaNa kA ullekha hai aura isakA maNDapakuNDasiddhi meM ullekha hai, ataH isakI tithi 1520-1600 ke bIca meM hai| TI0 lekhaka dvArA / trayambaka ke putra zivasUri dvaaraa| TI0 kuNDakaumudI -- 120 1531 kuNDaloka, lekhaka dvArA de0 hulza (saM0 3, pR0 5 evaM 80 ); isameM kaustubhaH mayUkha, kuNDasiddhi evaM rAma vAjapeyI kA ullekha hai, ataH tithi 1680 I0 ke pazcAt hai| kuNDacamatkRti-- TI0 tryambaka ke putra zivasUri-suta evaM mahAjana kula ke vAsudeva dvArA / kuNDatasvaprakAza-- ( yA prakAzikA) rAmAnandatIrtha dvArA / kuNDatattvapradIpa -- vatsa gotraja sthAvara ke putra balabhadrasUri zukla dvArA; san 1623 I0 meM stambhatIrthaM (khambhAta ) meM praNIta / isameM 164 zloka 3 TI0 lekhaka dvArA san 1632 I0 meM; de0 Da0 kA0 ( saM0 204, 1884-87 ) kuNDadikpAla - bAbAjI pAddhe dvaaraa| TI0 lekhaka dvArA / kuNDanirmANazloka -- naimiSAraNya ke nivAsI rAma vAjapeyI dvArA; saM0 1506 (1449-50 I0 ) meM praNIta / TI0 lekhaka dvArA / kuNDanirmANazlokadIpikA -- maNirAmadIkSita dvArA / kuNDapaddhati -- nAgojibhaTTa dvArA / kuNDaparimANa - ajJAta (bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 es0, pR0 138 ) / kuNDaprakAza -- toro kula ( pratApanArasiMha dvArA ) jAta nArAyaNa ke putra rudradeva dvArA / de0 alavara (299) / laga0 1710 I0 / kuNDapradIpa-kAnhajidvADava ke putra mahAdeva rAjaguru dvArA 21 zlokoM meM / To0 lekhaka dvArA; kAmika u0 hai / kuNDapradIpa --- kAnhajit ke putra evaM haivatarAja ke guru mahAdeva rAjaguru dvArA / zArdUlavikrIDita, sragdharA evaM anuSTup chandoM meM 20 sundara zloka / TI0 lekhaka kI / kuNDaprabandha --- balabhadra ke putra kAlidAsa dvArA; 73 zlokoM meM / san 1632 I0 (zaka saM0 1544) meM praNIta / Da0 kA 0 ( pANDu0 saM0 42, 1882-83 I0 ) / kuNDabhAskara -- de0 kuNDoddyotadarzana /

Page #539
1532 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa kuNDamaNDapa-vAcaspati dvaaraa| kuNDamarIcimAlA--viSNu dvaaraa| rAma kI kuNDAkRti kuNDamaNDapakaumudI--de0 zivasUri kI kunnddkaumudii| ke AdhAra pr| kuNDamaNDapacandrikA--vizvanAtha ke putra yajJasUri dvaaraa| kuNDamArtaNDa---mAdhyandina zAkhA evaM gautamagotra ke kuNDamaNDapadarpaNa-ananta ke putra nArAyaNa dvArA; zaka gadAdharaputra govindadaivajJa dvaaraa| 71 zlokoM meM; saM0 1500 (1578 I0) meM praNIta ; 49 zlokoM 1691-92 I0 meM junnAra meM prnnot| To0 'prabhA', meM ; TApara grAma meM likhita; pitAmaha maNauragrAma vAsI pAlI (pallopattana prAcIna nAma) meM rahane vAle the| TI0 manoramA, lekhaka ke putra gaMgAdhara dvaaraa| siddhezvara ke putra ananta dvaaraa| Da0 kA0 (pANDu kuNDamaNDapanirNaya--parazurAmapaddhati se| saM043, 1882-83); 1693 I0 meM prnniit| kuNDamaNDapanirNaya---zaMkarabhaTTa ke putra nIlakaNTha dvArA kuNDamArtaNDa --rAma vAjapeyI kRt| sambhavataH yaha 'kuNDa(sTIna, pR0 86) / maNDapalakSaNa' ho hai| kunnddmnnddppddhti| kuNDamRdaGga---gopAla dvArA (alavara, saM01303, uddharaNa kuNDamaNDapamaNDanaprakAzikA--narahari bhaTTa (saptarSi- 301) / upAdhi) dvaaraa| pITarsana (alavara, saM0 300) ne kuNDaracanA--TIkA bhI likhita hai| anya ko hI saptarSi kahA hai, ko bhrAmaka hai| To0 kuNDaracanArIti--zeSabhaTTa ke putra bAlasUri dvaaraa| lekhaka dvaaraa| kuNDaratnAkara--jagannAthAtmaja zrIpati ke putra vizvanAtha kuNDamaNDapalakSaNa--(yaha 'kuNDanirmANazloka' hI hai) dvivedI dvArA; isameM rAma vAjapeyI kI 'kuNDAkRti' rAma vAjapeyo dvArA; saM0 1506 (1449-50 I0) kA ullekha hai aura svayaM viThThala kI kuNDamaNDapasiddhi meM ratnapura ke rAjA kI AjJA se prnnot| 74 zlokoM meM va hai; 84 zlokoM meM; tithi 1450-1651 I0 meN| TI0 lekhaka dvaaraa| ke madhya meN| To0 lekhaka dvaaraa| kuNDamaNDapavidhAna-- anantabhaTTa dvaaraa| kuNDaratnAvali---kRSNa (urpha bAbU) ke putra rAmacandra jaDe kuNDamaNDapavidhAna--nIlakaNTha dvaaraa| dvArA; zaka saM0 1790 meM praNIta / nirNaya presa meM kuNDamaNDapavidhi--gopAla dIkSita-putra kezava bhaTTa dvaaraa| mudrita / kuNDamaNDapavidhi--bAbUdIkSita jar3e dvaaraa| kuNDalakSaNa---rAma (naimiSAraNyavAsI) dvArA / sambhavataH kuNDamaNDapavidhi--rAma vAjapeyI dvArA (sambhavataH yaha yaha 'kuNDanirmAgazloka hI hai| 'kuNDamaNDapalakSaNa' hI hai)| kuNDalakSmavivRti----sUryadAsa ke putra rAma dvArA (sTIna, kuNDamaNDapavidhi--lakSmaNa dezikendra dvaaraa| 50 186 meM raghudeva); yaha 'kUNDanirmANazlokaTIkA kuNDamaNDapasaMgraha---rAmakRSNa dvaaraa| eva 'kuNDamaNDapalakSaNaTIkA' hI hai; AcAramayUkha meM kuNDamaNDapasiddhi--nIlakaNTha dvaaraa| v0| lagabhaga 1449 I0 meN| kuNDamaNDapasiddhi---(yA kuNDasiddhi) saMgamanera (ahamada- kuNDavicAra--tattvasAra se| nagara jile) ke bUbazarmA ke putra viTThaladIkSita kuNDavidhAna--vizvanAtha dvaaraa| dvArA / zaka saM0 1541 (zaziyugatiyigaNye) arthAt kuNDaziromaNi---kuNDakalpadruma meM v0| 1640 I0 ke 1619-20 I0 meM praNIta / dekhie bI0 bI0 Ara0 pUrva / e0 esa0 (pR0 141) / TI0 lekhaka dvArA ; 1892 kuNDazlokadIpikA-rAmacandra dvaaraa| pratApanArasiMha meM bambaI meM madrita / do0 rAma dvaaraa| (pUrtaprakAza) meM v0| kunnddmnnddphomvissi| kuNDazlokaprakAzikA-rAmacaraNa dvaaraa|

Page #540
dharmazAstrIya granyasUcI kuNDasAdhanavidhi / kuNDasiddhi de0 'kuNDamaNDapasiddhi' / kuNDasiddhi-- vizvezvarabhaTTa dvArA / kuNDasiddhi-- rAmabhaTTa dvArA / kuNDAkRti - sUryadAsa ke putra (naimiSastha ) rAma bAjapeyI dvArA ; ( ratnapura ke rAjakumAra rAmacandra kI AjJA se ) san 1449 meM praNIta / sambhavataH yaha uparyukta kuNDanirmANazlokavivRti hI hai| TI0 lekhaka dvArA / kuNDArka--kRSNAcArya dvArA / kuNDArka-kuNDamaNDapasiddhi ke praNetA viTThala ke putra raghuvIra ne isa para marIcimAlA nAmaka TIkA likhI hai, jo san 1902 I0 meM bambaI meM mudrita huii| TIkAkAra ne muhUrtasarvasva bhI san 1635-36 I0 meM likhA / 'kuNDArka' ke praNetA haiM caturdhara kula ke nIlakaNTha-putra zakarabhaTTa isakA mudraNa 1873 I0 meM ratnagiri meM huA / kuNDoradhi-- rAmacandra dvArA / 9 sragdharA zlokoM meM / kuNDokhota --zakarabhaTTa ke putra nIlakaNTha dvaaraa| TI0 lekhaka ke putra zaMkara dvArA nAma kuNDabhAskara hai / kuNDodyAtadarzana --- anantadeva dvArA / kuNDodyAtadarzana - isakA dUsarA nAma kuNDabhAskara hai, jo nolakaNTha ke putra zaMkarabhaTTa dvArA pragIta hai| yaha kuNDodyotavAlI TIkA hI hai| san 1679 I0 meM praNIta / kuNDArkamaNidIpikA -- balabhadrasUri dvaaraa| TI0 lekhaka kRtisArasamuccaya - amRtanAtha mizra dvArA / dvArA / kuNDArNava- nAgezAtmaja zrIsUrya ke putra zrIdhara agnihotrI dvArA / pANDu zaka 1661 (1739 I0) meM utArI gyii| kumismRti - aparArka, jImUtavAhana kRta kAlaviveka evaM hemAdridvArA varNita / kumAratantra - rAvaNa ke putra dvArA, madanarala (zAntyudyota ) meM varNita / kurukSetratIrthanirNaya - rAmacandra dvArA / kurukSetrapradIpa - mahezamizra ke putra vanamAlimizra ( urpha kRSNadatta mizra) dvArA jo bhaTTojidIkSita ke ziSya the; lagabhaga 1650 I0 / 1533 kurukSetrapradIpa- ( yA kSetramAhAtmya) mAdhavAcArya dvArA / kurukSetraratnAkara zaMkara dvArA / kurukSetrAnukramaNikA -- harigiri dvArA / kudAkaNDikA-- vaMzIdhara dvArA / kRtyakalpaduma-gadAvara dvArA; vAcaspati mizra dvArA va0 | 1500 I0 ke pUrva / kRtyakalpalatA - vAcaspati kRta; raghunandana ke malamAsatattva meM varNita / kRtyakAlavinirNaya - zrI karAcArya ke putra zrInAtha dvArA / de0 ' kRtyatattvArNava' | kRtyakaumudI -- de0 prakaraNa 101 (govindAnanda) / khu0 ke malamAsatattva meM varNita / kRtyakaumudI - gopInAtha mizra dvArA / kRtyakaumudI -- jagannAtha dvaaraa| isameM zuddhidIpikA kA ullekha hai| kRtyakaumudI -- siddhAntavAgIza bhaTTAcArya dvArA ( bar3odA, saM0 10152, ekoddiSTa zrAddha ke eka aMza para ) / kRtyacandrikA --- rAmacandra cakravartI dvArA / kumArasmRti-- mitAkSarA, aparArka evaM prAyazcittatattva kRtyacantrikA -- caNDezvara - ziSya rudradhara mahAmahopAdhyAya meM ya0 / dvArA / lagabhaga 1360-1400 I0 / smRtiyoM meM kUpapratiSThA / kUSmANDahoma | kUSmANDahomaprayoga / kRcchracAndrAyaNalakSaNa / kucchalakSaNa / kRcchrAdi- suprabodhinopaddhati - viSNu ke putra rAmacandra dvArA (bar3odA, saM0 10629) / kRtivatsara - maNirAmadIkSita dvaaraa| kRtyakalpatada -- ( yA kalpataru) lakSmIvara dvArA ; de0 praka0 77 /

Page #541
1534 kathita upavAsoM, bhojoM evaM unake sambandha ke kRtyoM ke viSaya meM eka tAlikA / kRtyacintAmaNi -- caNDezvara dvArA; gRhastharatnAkara meM (lekhaka kI kRti ) varNita; de0 prakaraNa 90 / isameM tArAdizuddhi, gocara, vevazuddhi, saMvatsara, karaNa, nakSatra, muhUrta, adhimAsa, garbhAdhAna evaM anya saMskAroM, mUlazAnti, SaSThI kI pUjA, zanaizcaracAra, saMkrAnti grahaNaphala kA vivaraNa upasthita kiyA gayA hai| kRtyacintAmaNi -- vAcaspati dvArA ; de0 prakaraNa 98 / kRtyacintAmaNi -- vizrAma ke putra zivarAma zukla dvArA / sAmaveda ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie pA~ca prakAzoM meM / gobhilagRhya para AdhArita; isameM paribhASA, vRddhizrAddha, gaNezapUjA, paJcamahAyajJa, aSTakA evaM saMskAroM kA vivaraNa hai| sTIna, bhUmikA, pR0 15 evaM pR0 86 (jahA~ tithizaka saM0 1562 hai, kintu bihAra0, jilda 1, saM0 72 evaM je0 bI0 o0 e0 esa0 1927, bhAga 3-4, pR09 meM tithi zaka saM0 1500 hai) / kRtyatattva --- raghunandana dvArA / kRtyatattva ---- ( prayogasAra) kRSNadeva smArtavAgIza dvArA / kRtyatattvArNava ~~ (kRtyakAlavinirNaya ) zrIkarAcArya ke putra zrInAtha dvaaraa| isameM zuddhitattva, prAyazcittatattva, nirNayasindhu, rAmaprakAza kA ullekha hai aura mahArNava ke uddharaNa bhI haiN| lagabhaga 1475-1525 I0 / kRtya darpaNa -- rAmacandra zarmA ke putra Ananda zarmA dvArA / lekhaka ke vyavasthAdarpaNa meM varNita / kRtyadIpa -- devadAsaprakAza meM varNita / kRtyapUrtimaJjarI -- -- rAmacandra dvArA / bambaI meM 1855 I0 meM mudrita / kRtyadIpa -- kRSNa mitrAcArya dvArA / kRtyapradIpa - kezavabhaTTa dvaaraa| saMbhavataH yaha vahI hai jise zuddhitattva, zrAddhatattva tathA anya tattvoM meM uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| dharmazAstra kA itihAsa kRtyamaJjarI - mahAdeva kelakara ke putra bApUbhaTTa dvArA / tithi zaka saM0 1640, pauSamAsa / varSa ke 12 mAsoM ke vrata, nitya, naimittika evaM kAmya, saMkrAnti, grahaNa Adi kA vivaraNa hai / saptarSi (Adhunika satAra) meM likhita | no0 (jinda 10, pR0 217 - 219 ) / kRtyamahArNava -- mithilA ke harinArAyaNadeva ke saMrakSaNa meM vAcaspatimizra dvArA / vratoM, bhojoM Adi kA vivaraNa / AcAramayUkha meM varNita / de0 prakaraNa 98 / kRtyamuktAvalI - de0 satkRtyamuktAvalI / kRtyaratna -- nirNayasindhu evaM zrAddhamayUkha meM varNita / kRtyaratna - vidarbha ke rAjA dvArA sammAnit nArAyaNabhaTTA tmaja haribhaTTa ke putra khaNDerAya dvArA / ATha prakAzoM meN| lekhaka ne hemAdri, mAdhavIya evaM apane saMskAraratna kA ullekha kiyA hai| bar3odA, saM0 1953 / kRtyaratnAkara -- caNDezvarakRta / de0 prakaraNa 90 ( bibli0 iNDi0, 1921) / kRtyaratnAkara -- mudAkarasUri dvArA / kRtyaratnAvalI - viTThala ke putra evaM bAlakRSNa tatsat ke pautra rAmacandra dvArA ; ye kAlatattvavivecana ke lekhaka raghunAtha ke dauhitra the / saM0 1705 (1648-49 I0) praNIta / pratipadA Adi tithiyoM ke kRtyoM evaM caitra se phAlguna taka ke kRtyoM kA vivecana hai; hemAdri, madanaratna evaM nArAyaNabhaTTa uddharaNa haiM / kRtyaratnAkara --- lakSmIghara dvArA / kRtyaratnAkara -- lokanAtha dvArA / kRtyarAja -- vibhinna mAsoM meM kiye jAne vAle kRtyoM kA sNgrh| lagabhaga 1750 I0 meM navadvIpa ke rAjakumAra kRSNacandra ke Azraya meM saMgRhIta | kRtyavilAsamaMjarI / kRtyasamuccaya-- bhUpAla dvArA / kRtya ratnAkara ( pR0 499) meM varNita / kRtyasAgara - vardhamAna meM evaM vedAcArya ke smRtiratnAkara meM varNita / 1400 I0 ke pUrva / kRtyasAra -- mathurAnAtha zukla dvArA / kRtyasArasamuccaya-- amRtanAtha ojhA dvArA / bambaI meM mudrita / kRtyasArasamuccaya-- vAcaspati dvArA / kRtyApallavadIpikA - de0 'zAntikalpapradIpa /

Page #542
dharmazAstrIya pranyasUcI 1535 kRtyArNava-devadAsaprakAza meM vrnnit| kramadIpikA-varSakriyAkaumudI (pR0 121) evaM devakRSNapati-caturbhuja dvaaraa| pratiSThAtattva meM vrnnit| 1500 I0 ke kRSNabhaktikalpavallI-(yA bhaktimaMjarI yA haribhakti- puurv| __ majarI) cAra bhAgoM meN| kramadIpikA--(kRSNa-pUjA para) kezavAcArya dvArA 8 kRSNabhaTTIya-yaha karmatattvapradIpikA hI hai| yaha paTaloM meN| laga0 1500 I0 meN| TI0 kezavanArAyaNa bhaTTa ke prayogaratna meM evaM AhnikacandrikA bhaTTa gosvAmI dvaaraa| TI0 govindabhaTTa dvArA meM va0 hai| 1500 I0 se pUrva / (caukhambhA saM0 sii0)| kRSNArcanacantrikA-saJjIvezvara ke putra ratnapANi kramadIpikA--nityAnanda dvaaraa| dvaaraa| kriyAkANDazekhara-hemAdri meM v0| kRSNAmRtamahArNava-AnandatIrtha dvaaraa| no0 (nyU0, kriyaakrvctrikaa| jilda 3, bhUmikA pR0 6) / kriyAkaumudI--govindAnanda dvArA (bigli0 innddi0)| kezavArNava-kezava dvaaraa| de0 praka0 101 / koTacakra-cAra prakAra ke durgoM pr| kriyAkaumudI-mayurAnAtha dvaaraa| koTihomaprayoga-nArAyaNa bhaTTa ke putra rAmakRSNa kriyAnibandha--zUdrakamalAkara meM v0| dvaaraa| kriyApati--vizvanAtha dvaaraa| mRtyu-dina se sapiNDIkautukacintAmaNi--pratAparudradeva dvaaraa| indrajAla, karaNa taka ke (mAdhyandinIyoM ke lie) kRtyoM kA rAjA ke rakSaNa-upAyoM tathA striyoM, paudhoM, bhojana vivaraNa hai| Da0 kA0 (pANDu0, saM0 207, para Azcaryajanaka evaM ramya prayoga, cAra dIptiyoM 1884-87) / meN| no0 9, pR0 189-190 evaM Da0 kA0 (pANDu0 kriyApaddhati-yA ssddbdpraayshcittaadipddhti| no0, sa0 981, 1887-91; 1031, 1884-87) / 10, pR0 237 / laga0 1520 ii0| kriyaaprdiip| kaumudiinirnny| kriyAzraya--(dharmaviSayaka jyotiSa grantha) aparAka kauzikagRhyasUtra--14 adhyAyoM meM (blUmaphIlDa dvArA dvArA v0| sampAdita, 1889 I0), TI0 bhaTTAribhaTTa dvaaraa| kriyAsAra--ni0 si0 evaM kuNDamaNDapasiddhi dvArA va0; TI0 dArila dvaaraa| TI. vAsudeva dvaaraa| 1600 I0 ke pUrva / kauzikagRhyasUtrapaddhati-kezava dvArA, jo somezvara ksstriysndhyaa| ke putra evaM ananta ke pautra the| bhojapura meM praNIta kssymaaskRtynirnny| (sTIna, pR0 248) / kssymaasnirnny| kaushiksuutrpryogdiipikaavRtti| kSayamAsasaMsarpakAryAkAryanirNaya--parazurAma dvaaraa| sTIna, kauzikasmRti--nirNayadIpaka, maskaribhASya (gautama pR0 87 / para), hemAdri, mAdhava dvArA v0| kSayamAsasaMsarpakAryAkAryanirNayakhaNDana-parazurAma dvaaraa| kaussiitkigRhykaarikaa| sTIna, pR0 87 / kauSItakigRhyasUtra--(banArasa saM0 sI0 meM prakAzita) kSayamAsAdiviveka--gaMgolI saMjIvezvara ke putra 'ratnade0 zAMkhAyana gRhyasUtra / pANi zarmA dvArA; mithilA ke chatrasiMha ke rAjyaRtusmRti-mitAkSarA dvArA v0| kAla meM prnniit| vAcaspati, varSamAna, anantapaNDita,

Page #543
pArana kA itihAsa maheza, smRtiviveka Adi kI carcA hai| de0 mahAdevI vizvAsadevI ke Azraya meM vidyApati dvaaraa| no0, jilda 6, pR0 44 / govindAnanda evaM raghunandana (prAyazcittatatva meM) sayASikamAsavikRti-gaNezadatta dvaaraa| dvArA v0| laga0 1400-1450 ii0| gaMgAyAtrA, omaprakAza--kSemavarmA dvArA; vikrama 1568 (1512 gagApUjA evaM gaMgAsnAna ke phala kA varNana hai| I0 ) meM vIrasiMhapura meM (jahA~ vaha zAsaka thA) gnnptitttvvivek| prnniit| AcAra, viSNupUjA, zivapUjA, dAna, gaNezapati-somezvara ke putra dvArA (alavara, saM0 utsarga, vrata pr| pANDa0 saM0 1582 (1526 1309) / I.) meM vorasiMhadeva ke zAsanakAla meM utArI gyii| gaNezavizinI-kuNDamaNDapasiddhi meM v0| de0 sTIna, pR0 305 / gnneshshaanti| mauranirNaya--(yA darpaNa) gaMgAdhara ke putra dvaaraa| gadAdharapaddhati--- (AcArasAra) bibli0 iNDi. jAgavivAha-baDodA, saM0 1142 / siiriij| sAdiragRhmA---(maisUra meM prakAzita, es. bI. I0, gavala--prAyazcittamayUkha meM v.| jilda 29 dvArA anUdita) gobhilagRhya se bahuta gacaviSNa--nirNayasindha meM v0| milatA hai| To0 makhavATa ke vAsI nArAyaNa macavyAsa--jImatavAhana ke kAlaviveka meM v0| ke putra rudraskanda dvaaraa| gandharvaprayoga-sTIna, pR0 87 / sAhiragRhyakArikA-vAmana dvaaraa| gabhastismRti-aparArka, smRticandrikA, hemAdri dvArA kheTapIThamAlA-Apadeva dvaaraa| gaMgAsyaviveka--mithilA ke rAjA rAmabhadradeva ke lie gayAvAsanibandha-bhaTTojidvArAva0 / 1600 I0 ke pUrva / varSamAna dvaaraa| san 1450-1500 I0 meN| gayAnuSThAmapati-nArAyaNa bhaTTa ke grantha tristhalInaMgAdharapati--gagAdhara dvArA (sTIna, pR0 87); setu kA aNsh| rudrakalpadruma meM va0 (bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 esa0, mayAnuSThAnapaddhati--(gayApaddhati) raghunandana dvaaraa| jilda 2, pR. 226) / de0 'gthaapddhti| gaMgAbhaktitaraMgiNI-dhArezvara ke putra gaNapati dvaaraa| gayApaddhati-anantadeva dvaaraa| 3 adhyAyoM meN| inakA kayana hai ki mithilA ke prayApati-rAmezvarAtmaja mAdhava ke putra raghunAtha rAjA nAnya ne inake pitAmaha ko vRtti dI thii| dvaaraa| san 1550-1625 I0 ke bIca / no0 (jilda 5, pR0 183) / pANDu0 kI tithi gayApaDatidIpikA--prabhAkara dvaaraa| sa0 1766 (1710 ii.)| gayAprakaraNa--nArAyaNa ke 'tristhalIsetu' se| gaMgAbhaksitaraMgiNI-caturbhujAcArya dvaaraa| gayAprakAza-no0 nyU0 (jilda 1, pR0 84) / gaMgAbhaktiprakAza-harinandana dvaaraa| saM0 1852 gayAprayoga-vAcaspati mizra dvaaraa| (1795-96) meN| gayAyAtrAprayoga-maNirAma dIkSita dvaaraa| gaMgAmaktirasodaya-zivadatta zarmA dvaaraa| gyaavaaraannsiipyti| gaMgAmRta--raghunandana evaM gaMgAkRtyaviveka meM varSamAna gyaavaahpti| dvArA v.| gayAdhAvapati--uddhavadvivedI ke putra anantadeva dvaaraa| maMgAvAzyAvalI--bhavasiMha-devasiMha-zivasiMha ke vAjasaneyiyoM ke lie| mazana mithilA ke rAjA pasiMha kI rAnI gayAdhAyapAti-raghunandana dvaaraa| de0 prA0 102 / v0|

Page #544
gamAbhAvaprakaraNa - malamAsatattva meM va0 / gayAdhAyaviSi-- gokuladeva dvArA (bar3odA, 8688 ) / gayAzrAddhAdipaddhati -- vAcaspati dvArA / prathama zloka meM vAyu0, garur3a0 evaM kalpavRkSa ( arthAt kalpataru ) kA ullekha hai / dharmazAstrIya granyasUcI gati -- ( yA gRhyapaddhati) pAraskaragRhya ke lie syAlopAkahoma, balidAna, piNDapitRyajJa, zravaNAkarma, zUlagava, vaizvadeva, mAsazrAddha, cUr3AkaraNa, upanayana, brahmavArivratAni, sItAyajJa, zAlAkarma para sthapati garga dvArA gRhyakarmo kA eka sNgrh| yaha bhartRyajJamata para AdhArita hai| pAraskara gRhya ke gadAdhara bhASya meM evaM zrAddhatattva meM va0 / iNDi0 A0, pANDu0 tithi saM0 1575 (1519 I0), de0 pR0 515, saMkhyA 1733 / garna smRti smRtivandrikA, nityAcArapradIpa meM va0 / garbhAdhAnAvi dazasaMskArapaddhati-zaunaka kA kahA gayA hai / jayanta kA ullekha hai / gAgAbhaTTapaddhati - gAgAbhaTTa dvArA / gAyatrIpaddhati-bhUgabhaTTa dvArA / gAyatrIpurazcaraNa -- ( yA paddhati) ballAla ke putra zaMkara dvArA (ghore kI upAdhi ) / inhoMne zaka saM0 1675 (1753 I0 ) meM 'vratodyApanako mudo' likhI / alavara, uddharaNa 302 / gAyatrIpurazcaraNavidhi - zAradAtilaka se / 1537 gAyatrIbhASyanirNaya alavara, saM0 1312, uddharaNa 304 / gArgIyapaddhati --- zrAddhatattva (jilda 1, pR0 213) meM ba0 / gArgyasmRti-- vizvarUpa, mitAkSarA, aparArka, smRti ca0 dvArA va0 / gArhasthyadIpikA -- yajJeza ke ziSya tryambaka dvArA / gAlavasmRti - smRtica0, kAlamAdhava dvArA va0 / guNamaJjarI - mahAraMga kula ke kAzIrAma ke putra tripAThI bAlakRSNa dvArA / prAyazcitta pr| guNisarvasva -- rudradhara ke zrAddhaviveka meM evaM tithitatva tathA malamAsa meM va0 / 1400 I0 se pUrva / gUDhadIpikA zrInAtha AcArya dvaaraa| unake kRtyatattvArNava meM va0 / gUDhArthadIpikA - vAmadeva dvArA / smRtidIpikA bhI dekhie / kRtyoM evaM rItiyoM ke sandehAtmaka viSayoM para / gRhapatiSa -- vizvezvara dvArA / gAyatrIpurazcaraNa -- zivarAma dvArA / gAyatrIpurazcaraNa - sAmbabhaTTa dvArA / gAyatrIpurazcaraNacandrikA - kAzInAtha dvArA, jo jayarAma evaM vArANasI ke putra the / upAdhi 'bhaTTa' thI / guru kA nAma ananta thA / alavara, uddharaNa 618 / gAyatrIpurazcaraNaprayoga - nArAyaNa bhaTTa ke putra kRSNabhaTTa dvArA / san 1757 I0 meM praNIta / gAyatrIpurazcaraNavidhi-- anantadeva dvArA / gAyatrIpurazcaraNavidhi -- govaNendra sarasvatI dvArA / gAyatrIpurazcaraNavidhi --- gAyatrIpurazcaraNacandrikA se / gRhyapadArthAnukrama - maMtrAyaNIya gRhyasUtra ke anusAra gRhyakRtyoM se sambandhita viSayoM para eka sArAMza / gRhyapaddhati / gRhapratiSThAtattva / gRhavAstu -- caMndracUr3a dvArA (saMskAranirNaya kA aMza ) / gRhasthamuktAphala / gRhastharatnAkara --- caNDezvara dvArA / 589 pR0 meM eka vizAla grantha / bibli0 iNDi0 dvArA san 1928 meM prakAzita / de0 praka0 90 / gRhasthakalpataru / gRhyakArikA --- (1) AzvalAyanIya, jayanta dvArA / (2) Atarrate, areabhApati dvArA / (3) sAmavedIya, vizAkhabhaTTa ke putra bhUvAka dvArA / gRhyakArikA - karka dvArA / gRhyakArikA - reNuka dvArA / 1266 I0 meM praNIta / gRhyakaumudI -- govindArNava meM va0 / gRhyatAtparyadarzana -- sudarzanAcArya dvArA ApastambagRhyasUtra para TI0 /

Page #545
1538 gRhyapaddhati --- vAsudeva dIkSita dvArA; saMskAroM, aSTakA Adi para tIna khaNDoM meM; zaka saM0 1720 meM pANDu0 utArI gayI / dharmazAstra kA itihAsa gRhyapariziSTa - baha vRca gRhya pariziSTa, chandogagRhya- gRhyAsaMgraha - gobhilaputra dvArA (bibli0 iNDi0 sI0, pariziSTa ke antargata dekhie / gobhilagRhya kI anukramaNikA ke rUpa meM ) / ziva gRhyapariziSTa - ananta bhaTTa dvArA / gRhyapariziSTa-- vaikuNThanAthAcArya dvArA / rAma kI kRtyacintAmaNi evaM tathA maThapratiSThAtattva meM va0 chandoga vRSotsargatattva TI0 dAmodara ke gRhyapradIpakabhASya -- nArAyaNa dvArA zAMkhAyanagRhyasUtra para eka TIkA / gRhyaprayoga - ( ApastambIya) brahmavidyAtIrtha dvArA / sudarzanAcArya ko u0 kiyA gayA hai| alavara (uddharaNa 14) / gRhyaprayoga - vIvAyanIya / vAjasaneyIya / gRhyaprAyazcittasUtra -- hulza, saM0 637 / gRhyabhASyasaMgraha -- ( yA gRhyabhASyArthasaMgraha) hemAdri dvArA va0 / guhyaratna -- vaidikasArvabhauma ( arthAt sambhavataH veMkaTeza) dvArA / 21 khaNDoM meM / garbhAdhAna, puMsavana, sImantozayana, jAtakarma, nAmakaraNa, annaprAzana, cUr3Akarma, upanayana, catvAri vedavratAni -- aise bAhya saMskAroM evaM daiva saMskAroM (yathA pAkayajJa ) kA vivaraNa hai / TI0 bibudhakaNThabhUSaNa, jo hArItagotraja raMganAtha ke putra veMkaTanAtha vaidikasArvabhauma dvArA praNIta hai ( kaNThabhUSA nAma bhI hai ) / hulza, saM0 603 evaM uddharaNa, pR0 88 / isameM unake pitRmedhasAra evaM usakI TI0 kA tathA Azaucazataka aura vyAkhyA prayogapArijAta, prayogaratna, nirNayasindhu, bhaTTojidIkSita, parazurAmapratApa evaM rAma vAjapeyI tathA unake zrAddhasAgara kA uddharaNa hai / 1650 I0 ke uparAnta / putra vizvanAtha dvArA / laga0 1600 I0 / gRhyAgnisAgara -- ( prayogasAra ) lakSmIghara ke putra nArAyaNa bhaTTa dvArA ( upAdhi AraDa yA AraDe ) ; Apastamba ke dhUrtasvAmI bhASya para rAmANDAravyA rUpA, putra rAmakRSNa dvArA / gRhyAsaMgrahapariziSTa-- chandogavRSotsargatattva meM va0 evaM blUmaphIlDa (jeDa0 DI0 ema0 jI0, jilda 35, pR0 .537-548, 209 zlokoM evaM do prapAThakoM meM) dvArA sampAdita | Arambha hai-- 'athAtaH saMpravakSyAmi yaduktaM padmayoninA / brAhmaNAnAM hitArthAya saMskArArthe tu bhASitam // ' de0 bibli0 iNDi0 sI0 / gRhyeoktakarmapaddhati / gotranirNaya nandipura ke kezavadevajJa dvArA, 27 zlokoM meN| TI0 vAvapuSpamAlA, prabhAkara daivajJa dvArA; zrIdharakRta pravaramaJjarI kA uddharaNa hai / gotranirNaya -- bAlambhaTTa dvArA / gotranirNaya - mahAdeva daivajJa dvArA (saMbhavataH yaha kezava - kRta vAkpuSpamAlA hai, jo gotrapravaranirNaya kI TIkA hai) / gotrapravarakArikA / 0 hai / gotrapravaradIpa - viSNu paNDita dvArA / gRhyasaMgraha - pAraskaragRhya ( 3|1|1 ) ke apane bhASya gotrapravaranirNaya - Apadeva dvArA (saMbhavata: yaha bhrAMti hai, kyoMki jovadeva Apadeva kA eka putra thA ) / de0 bar3odA, saM0 1870 / meM jayarAma dvArA va0 / gRhyasUtrapaddhati / gRhyasUtraprakAzikA - (pAraskaragRhya para ) nRsiMha ke gotrapravara nirNaya -- ( yA gotrapravaradarpaNa ) rAmakRSNa ke putra kamalAkara dvArA / maisUra meM mudrita, 1900 I0 / 17vIM zatAbdI kAla / gotrapravaranirNaya -- anantadeva dvArA ( saMskArakaustubha meM, jo unake bhAI ke grantha se liyA gayA hai ) / gotrapravarakhaNDa -- dharmasindhu se / AparataMbIya bhI / gotrapravaradarpaNa |

Page #546
dharmazAstrIya pranthasUcI 1539 gotrapravaranirNaya--nandigrAma ke kezavadaivajJa dvArA / pANDu0 gotrapravaramaJjarI--kezava dvArA, jinhoMne muhUrtatattva bar3odA, saM0 8131, zaka saM0 1600 / pratyeka bhI likhA hai| TI0 rAma dvArA; smRtyarthasAra evaM zloka kA 'kurvantu vo maMgalam' se anta hotA hai| prayogapArijAta kA uddharaNa hai| TI0 vAkpuSpamAlA, prabhAkara daivajJa dvaaraa| gotrapravaramaJjarI-(pravaramaJjarI) puruSottama paNDita gotrapravaranirNaya--gopInAtha dvArA (bar3odA, saM0 dvArA (isa viSaya para prAmANika grantha) / centsaal11041)| rAva dvArA mudrita (maisUra, 1900) / 8 maulika gotroM gotrapravaranirNaya--Apadeva ke pUtra evaM anantadeva ke / meM pratyeka para Apastamba, AzvalAyana, kAtyAyana, choTe bhAI tathA saMskArakaustubha ke lekhaka jIvadeva baudhAyana, matsya0, laugAkSi, satyASADha se uddharaNa dvaaraa| pravaramaMjarI, AzvalAyanasUtravRttikAra, nArA- diye gaye haiN| ApastambasUtra ke bhASyakAra ke rUpa meM yaNavRtti ke uddharaNa haiN| laga0 1660-1680 / dhUrtasvAmI, kapardisvAmI evaM grahadevasvAmI kA ullekha kathana aisA hai ki kevala mAdhyandinoM ko vivAha meM hai| nirNayasindhu, nRsiMhaprasAda, dattakamImAMsA meM mAtRgotra vajita hai; satyASAr3ha evaM ziSTAcAra ne bhI va0 hai| 1450 I0 se pUrva / aisA kahA hai| gotrapravaramaJjarI-zaMkara tAntrika dvaaraa| gotroM ke bhAgoM gotrapravaranirNaya--nAgezabhaTTa dvaaraa| evaM upabhAgoM para vizada vivecana hai| jyotinibandha, gotrapravaranirNaya--nArAyaNa bhaTTa dvaaraa| bhaTToji ke pravaradIpikA evaM baudhAyana ke vyAkhyAkAra dvArA va0 / gotrapravaranirNaya meM v0| bar3odA (saM0 7657) / gotrapravaranirNaya--padmanAbha dvArA (bar3odA, saM0 8789) / gotrapravaramaJjarIsAroddhAra--ziva ke putra zaMkara daivajJa gotrapravaranirNaya--bhaTojidIkSita dvaaraa| 17vIM zatAbdI dvaaraa| ___ kA pUrvArdha / isakA dUsarA nAma gotrapravarabhAskara gotrapravararala--rAmakRSNa bhaTTa ke putra evaM kamalAkara bhaTTa ke choTe bhAI lakSmaNa bhaTTa dvaaraa| laga0 1585gotrapravaranirNaya-(abhinava) mAdhavAcArya dvaaraa| TI0 1630 ii0| maNDUAra raghunAthAcArya ke putra raghunAtha dvArA (maisUra, gotrapravaraviveka-dhanaJjaya ke dharmapradIpa se| 1900 meM prakAzita) gotrapravarAdhyAya-de0 'prvraadhyaay'| gotrapravaranirNaya--rAmezvarAtmaja mAdhava ke putra raghanAtha gotrapravaroccAra-audIcyaprakAza se| dvaaraa| 1550-1625 ii0|| gotrAmata-nasiMhapaNDita dvaaraa| gotrapravaranirNaya-zambhudeva ke putra vizvezvara yA vizva- godAnavidhisaMgraha-vrajarAja ke putra madhusUdana gosvAmI nAtha deva dvArA, jo rAmadeva ke choTe bhAI the| banArasa dvaaraa| meM samApta kiyA gyaa| iNDi0 A0, jilda 3 gopAlakArikA-(baudhAyanIya) vedikAnirmANa, vedikApR0 580 / zaka saM0 1506 meM prnniit| bar3odA mApadaNDa jaise dhArmika kRtyoM para 420 shlok| (saM0 11055) / gadya evaM padya donoM meN| gopAlapaddhati-~lekhaka evaM nArAyaNa dvArA bhI v0| gotrapravaranirNaya-sadArAma dvaaraa| 1000 I0 ke pUrva / bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 esa0 gotrapravaranirNayavAkyasudhArNava-vizvanAtha dvaaraa| bar3odA (jilda 2, pR0 183) / (saM0 9375) / 'gotrapravaranirNaya' se bhinn| gopAlapUjApaddhati--dazArNa deza ke nRsiMha-putra dinakara gotrapravarabhAskara---bhaTToji dvaaraa| yaha 'gotrapravara- dvArA (kRSNa-pUjA pr)| iNDi0 A0 (pANDu0, nirNaya' hI hai| pR0 587) / saMvat 1664 / 121

Page #547
dharmazAlA kA itihAsa gopAlaratnAkara--gopAla dvaaraa| gosspraayshcitt| gopAlasiddhAnta--AcAraratna meM v0| govindamAnatollAsa-ekAdazItattva evaM malamAsatatva gopaalaarcncndrikaa| meM v0| ataH 1500 I0 ke puurv| gopAlArcanacandrikA-lakSmInAtha dvaaraa| govindAnacandrikA--(bambaI meM prakA0) / gobhilagRhyasUtra-bibli0 iNDi0 sI0 dvArA prakAzita; govindArNava-(yA smRtisAgara yA dharmatattvAvaloka) DA0knauyera dvArA evaM esa0 bI0 I0 (jilda 30) rAmacandra ke putra zeSa nRsiMha dvaaraa| kAzI ke mahAmeM anuudit| TI0 (bhASya) mahAbala ke putra bhaTTa rAjAdhirAja govindacandra kI AjJA se sNgRhiit| nArAyaNa dvArA; raghunandana ke zrAddhatattva meM v0| cha: vIciyoM (laharoM) yathA saMskAra, Ahnika, zrAddha, la0 saM0 431 (1549-50 I0) meM pratilipi kI zuddhi, kAla evaM prAyazcitta meM vibhaajit| kalpataru, gyii| TI0 (bhASya) yazodhara dvArA, govindAnanda aparArka, mAdhavAcArya, vizvezvara bhaTTa ke uddharaNa ko dAnakriyAkaumudI meM evaM zrAddhatattva meM va0; Aye haiM aura nirNayasindhu, AcAraratna (lakSmaNabhaTTa 1500 I. ke pUrva / To0 'saralA', tithitattva evaM kRta) dvArA u0 hai| 1400 evaM 1450 ke bIca zrAddhatattva meM va0; 1500 ke pUrva / TI0 sAyaNa sNgRhiit| de0 alavara (uddharaNa 304), jahA~ banArasa dvaaraa| TI. subodhinIpaddhati, vizrAma ke putra ke pAsa tANDetikA nAmaka nagara kA vizada varNana hai, zivarAma dvArA (lekhaka kI kArikArthabodhinI se jise dillI evaM kAlpI se bar3hakara kahA gayA hai| bhinna); laga0 1640 I0 (sTIna, pR0 86) / rAjAoM ke zrIvAstaka kula evaM zeSa kula kA bhI To0 paddhati, mathurA ke agnihotrI viSNu dvaaraa| varNana hai| alavara (pANDu0, zloka 85) meM kevala To0 kArikArthabodhinI, vizrAma ke putra zivarAma pAMca vIciyoM kA ullekha hai, 'prAyazcitta' chor3a diyA dvArA (sTIna, 10 15 evaM 250) / gayA hai| lagatA hai, zeSa kRSNa ne govindArNava ko apane bobhilapariziSTa--(TIkA ke sAtha bibli* iNDi0 grantha zUdrAcAraziromaNi meM apanA grantha kahA hai| sI0 meM prakAzita) saMdhyAsUtra, snAnasUtra evaM zrAddha- de. iNDi0 aiNTI0 (1912, pR0 248) / kalpa pr| To0 prakAza, nArAyaNa dvaaraa| raghunandana gauDamibandha--zrIdatta kI pitRbhakti meM v0| dvArA v0| gauranibandhasAra-ni0 si0 meM va0 (saMbhavataH yaha gobhilAyasUtrabhASya-tithitattva eMva zrAddhatattva meM kullUkabhaTTa kA zrAddhasAgara hai)| raghunandana dvArA v0| sambhavataH yaha mahAyazA kA gauramAhakAMmuvI-ni0 si0 meM v0| (sambhavataH yaha bhASya hI hai| __ govindAnanda kI zrAddhakaumudI hai)| gobhilsNdhyaasuutr| gauDasaMvatsarapradIpa---gadAdhara ke kAlakAra meM v0| gobhilasmRti-kAtyAyana kA krmprdiip| AnandAzrama goDIyacintAmaNi-gadAdhara ke kAlasAra meM varNita / presa meM mudrita, smRti0, pR0 49-71) / gautamavarmasUtra-de0 praka0 5; banArasa saM0 sI0 evaM gomilIyapariziSTa-(aniSTakArI grahoM kI zAnti, jIvAnanda (bhAga 2,10403-434) dvArA prkaa| __ grahayAga Adi para) no0(jilda 10,10201-202) / TI0 kulamaNi zukla dvaaraa| TI0 (bhASya) maskarI kalpa--(bhASya) mahAyazA dvaaraa| raghu0 dvArA (maisUra meM prkaa0)| TI0 mitAkSarA, haradatta ke zrAddhatattva meM v0| sambhavataH yaha mahAyazA dvArA (AnandA0 pre0) / uparyukta yazodhara hI haiN| TI0 samadrakara dvArA; gautmsmti| bhavadeva ke smRticandra kI zrAddhakalA meM v0| pratyarAja-(yA smRtigrnthraaj)|

Page #548
dharmazAstrIya granyasUcI pranyavidhAnadharmakusuma zaMkarazarmA dvArA / grahaNakriyAkrama / grahaNa nirNaya -- nArAyaNa bhaTTa ke prayogaratna se / prahaNazrAddhanirNaya / prahavAnaprayoga - mAdhava kA ullekha hai / grahamala tilaka - bhAradvAja gotrIma kRSNAcArya ke putra mAdhava dvaaraa| pITarsana kI pA~cavIM riporTa ( pR0 176) / grahamakhaprayoga - no0 (10, pR0 200 ) / prayazakArikA / grahapazatasva-raghunandana dvArA / dopikA kA ullekha hai / grahayajJadIpikA -- sadAziva dIkSita dvArA / prahapakSapaddhati / grahayajJanirUpaNa - anantadeva kRta saMskArakaustubha se / prahayajJaprayoga / prahayajJavidhAna -- nAgadeva bhaTTa ke putra anantadeva bhaTTa dvArA / prayAgakaumudI - - rAmakRSNa bhaTTAcArya dvArA / brayAgaprayogatatva --- ( yA grahayAgatattva) haribhaTTa ke putra raghunandana dvArA / kalakattA se saMskRta sAhitya pariSad dvArA baMgalA lipi meM mudrita ( naM0 10 ) / yaha raghunandana ke 28 tattvoM se Upara eka tattva hai / grahayogazAnti / grahazAnti -- zAMkhAyana evaM gobhila ke matAnusAra / brahazAntipaddhati -- ( yA vAsiSThIzAnti ) harizaMkara ke putra gaNapati rAvala dvArA / laga0 1686 I0 / grahasthApanapaddhati--pITarsana kI pA~cavIM riporTa ( pR0 98) / prAmanirNaya --- ( yA pAtityagrAma nirNaya ) skandapurANa ke sahyAdrikhaNDa se / dhRtapradAna ratna-- premanidhi dvArA / nArAyaNIya-- zUlapANi ke durgotsavaviveka meM va0 / ataH 1400 I0 se pUrva / cakranArAyaNIya nibandha - ( yA smRtisAroddhAra) vizvambhara trivedI dvArA / 12 uddhAroM meM, yathA--- sAmAnyanirNaya, ekabhaktAdinirNaya, tithisAmAnyanirNaya, pratipadAdi tithinirNaya, vrata, saMkrAnti, zrAddha, 1541 AzIca, garbhAdhAnAdi kAlanirNaya, Ahnika, vyavahAra, prAyazcitta ! bhIma malla ke putra nArAyaNa malla kI AjJA se likhita | pratApamArtaNDa, horilasmRti, rUpanArAyaNIya, anantabhaTTIya kA ullekha hai / 17vIM zatAbdI pUrvArdha; caukhambA saM0 sI0 / caNDikArcanadIpikA --- kAzInAtha bhaTTa dvArA, jo bhaTTakula ke zivarAmabhaTTa ke putra jayarAmabhaTTa ke putra the / alavara (uddharaNa, 620 ) / caNDIprayoga-- rAmakRSNa ke putra kamalAkara dvArA / caNDIprayoga --nAgojibhaTTa dvArA / caNDakanibandha--- ( yA smArta karmAnuSThAnakramavivaraNa ) mahAmAtya zrI samrAT caNDUka dvArA / zrAddha, malamAsa, trayodazInirNaya, Ahnika Adi para bar3odA (saM0 296) / tithi saM0 1593 / caturazItijJAtiprazasti-- sadAziva dvArA / caturthIkarma -- ( vivAha ke uparAnta cauthI rAtri ke kRtyoM pr)| caturdazazlokI-bhaTToji dvArA / bar3odA (saM0 1488), zrAddha para 14 zloka / TI0 mahezvara dvArA / caturvarga cintAmaNi -- hemAdri kRta / de0 praka0 87 (bibli0 iNDi0 sI0), hulza (saM0 658 ) / isameM prAyazcitta evaM vyavahAra hai, kintu bahuta sambhava hai ki ye kisI anya lekhaka ke haiN| tuvizatimata-- ( yA smRti ) / de0 praka0 42 / TI0 bhaTToja dvArA (banArasa saM0 sI0 meM saMskAra evaM zrAddha bhI hai; iNDi0 A0 ( pANDu0, pR0 475) meM kevala saMskAra kANDa hai, jahA~ yaha nArAyaNa bhaTTa ke putra rAmacandra kI kahI gayI hai| Ahnika, AcAra evaM prAyazcitta kANDa kI pANDulipiyA~ bhI prApta haiM / TI0 nArAyaNa ke putra rAmacandra dvArA / catuvizatimunimatasAra - bar3odA (saM0 2247 evaM 10540) / catuvizatismRtidharmasArasamuccaya / catuzcatvAriMzatsaMskArAH / candanadhenudAnapramANa -- ( yA taratra ) vAcaspati dvArA,

Page #549
1542 apane pati evaM putra se pUrva maranevAlI nArI ke prathama zrAddha ke kRtyoM pr| ratnAkara para AdhArita / no0 nyU0 (1, pR0 100 ) / candanadhenUtsargapaddhati - navadvIpa ke ratnanAtha bhaTTAcArya dvArA / no0 nyU0 (1, pR0 101 ) ; pANDu0 tithi 1765 I0 / dharmazAstra kA itihAsa candrakamalAkara / candrakalikA / candranivandha nirNayadIpaka meM u0 / candraprakAza ni0 si0, nandapaNDita kI zrAddhakalpalatA, bhaTToja dvArA va0 / 1570 I0 ke pUrva / candrasmRti - nirNayadIpaka meM va0 / candrodaya - ni0 si0 meM va0 (sambhavataH pRthvIcandrodaya yA AcAracandrodaya ) / camatkAracintAmaNi - nArAyaNa bhaTTa dvArA (banArasa se prakA0, 1870); AcAramayUkha evaM samayamayUkha dvArA va0 TI0 mitAkSarA ! TI0 anvayArtha dIpikA, dharmezvara dvaaraa| TI0 nArAyaNa dvArA / camatkAracintAmaNi - rAjarSibhaTTa dvArA (jaisA ki ni0 si0 kA kathana hai)| yaha phalitajyotiSa para hai| 1550 I0 ke pUrva / pANDu0 kI tithi saM0 1657 ( 1600-1601 I0 ) / camatkAracintAmaNi vaidyanAtha dvArA brAhma ( garbhAdhAna Adi ) evaM daiva ( pAkayajJa Adi ) nAmaka do prakAra ke saMskAroM para; garbhAvAta evaM anya saMskAroM ke muhUrtI evaM malamAsakRtyAkRtya para u0 kaoN0 (saM0 112, 1895-1902, saM0 1719 meM pratilipi) / calAcalamUrtipratiSThA / calA -- (baudhAyana ke anusAra ) / de0 vI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 esa0 (jilda 2, pR0 243 ) 1 calArcApaddhati - anantadeva dvArA / calAcapaddhati - nArAyaNakRta; gRhyapariziSTa, trivi - kramapaddhati, kAlAdarza, puruSArthabodha, zAradAtilaka evaM bopadeva para Adhuta / 1450 I0 ke uparAnta / cANakyanIti kreslara dvArA sampAdita / cANakyanIti -- ( yA cANakyarAjanIti yA cANakyazataka) / 660 zlokoM meM eka vRddha cANakya bhI hai, laghu- cANakya bhI hai| cANakyanItivarSaNa -- gajAnana kRta / cANakyanItisArasaMgraha - 108 zlokoM meN| isameM AyA hai -- mUlamaMtra pravakSyAmi cANakyena yathoditam / ' cANakya rAjanItizAstra - kalakattA o0 sI0 (saM0 2, 1921 ) meM prakA0 / cANakyasaptati / cANakyasArasaMgraha | cANakyasUtra -- DA0 zAmazAstrI ke saMskaraNa meM kauTilIya ke anta meM mudrita / cAturAzramyadharmazrIkaNThAyana dvArA / cAturmAsyakArikA - gopAla dvArA / cAturvarNya dharmasaMgraha / cAturvaNyaM vicAra - gaMgAdatta dvArA / cAturvaNyavivaraNa -- gaMgAdhara dvArA / cAturvarNyavivecana - dharaNIvara dvArA / cArAyaNIyagRhyapariziSTa - hemAdri dvArA va0 / cAracaryA -kSemendra dvArA (kAvyamAlA sI0 meM prakA0 ) / cAracaryA --- bhojarAja dvArA / cUDAkaraNakezAntau / cUDAkarma- dattapaNDita dvArA / cUDAkarmaprayoga / caulopanayana --- ( vizvanAtha kI vizvaprakAzapaddhati se ) / caulopanayanaprayoga / chandogakarmAnuSThAnapaddhati - bhavadeva bhaTTa dvArA / 'chandogapaddhati' / de0 (bhASya ) chandogagRhya-de0 'gobhilagRha' / TI0 haradatta dvArA anAvilA meM va0 / chandogapaddhati - bhavadeva bhaTTa dvArA; de0 praka0 73 / TI0 saMskArapaddhatirahasya rAmanAtha vRta, zaka saM0 1544 / chandogapariziSTa- hemAdri dvArA va0 / TI0 rudraghara ke

Page #550
dharmazAstrIya pranyasUcI zrAddhaviveka meM va0 / TI0 prakAza, goNa ke putra evaM nahIM hai-'vAnAnabANakSiti (? ratnAkSabANakSiti, umApati (bar3e prabhAkara evaM jayapAla rAjA dvArA saMra- 1559) vikrama sN0| laga0 1500 ii0| isameM kSita) ke pautr| de0 'krmprdiip'| TIkA kI TIkA kAlanirNaya, kAlAdarza, prAsAdadIpikA kA ullekha hai| sAramaMjarI, zrInAtha (zrIkarAcArya ke putra) dvaaraa| janidoSapratikAra-pANDu0 bar3odA (saM0 2365), TI0 kI TI0 harirAma dvaaraa| TI0 kI TI0 harihara tithi 1565 saM0 (1508-9 ii0)| dvaaraa| TI0 cakradhara ke putra AzAdhara yA AzArka jnmdinkRtypaati| dvaaraa| jnmdivspuujaapti| chndogpraayshcitt| janmamaraNaviveka--vAcaspati dvArA (bar3odA, saM0 chndogshraad| 12774) / isameM Azauca evaM zrAddha kA varNana hai| chAndoganAsatasva--raghunandana dvaaraa| TI0 rAmakRSNA- janmASTamItattva-(yA janmASTamIvatatattva) raghunandana smaja rAdhAvallabha ke putra kAzIrAma dvaaraa| dvaaraa| chandogabAhadIpikA-zrIkara ke putra zrInAtha dvaaraa| janmASTamInirNaya-viTThalezvara dvaaraa| chandogAnIyAhnika-vizrAma ke putra zivarAma dvaaraa| jayatuMga-nirNayasindhu meM va0 / iNDi0 A0 (1, pa0 95, pANDa0 saM0 1810, jyntkaarikaa| 1753-4 ii0)| laga0 1640 meM prnniit| jayantInirNaya- (kRSNajanmASTamI para) AnandatIrtha chanvogAlika-sadAnanda dvaaraa| dvaaraa| chandogAhikapaddhati--rAmakRSNa tripAThI dvaaraa| jayantInirNaya-rAmAnuja yogIndra ke ziSya evaM Atreya chandogAhnikobAra---bhavanAtha mizra ke putra zaMkaramizra kRSNArya ke putra gopAla dezika dvaaraa| dvaaraa| de0 'praayshcinprdiip|' jayamAdhavamAnasollAsa---gorakSapura (Adhunika gorkhchndophaaraavli| pura) ke jayasiMhadeva dvaaraa| ye nArAyaNa ke bhakta chAgaleyasmRti--gitAkSarA, hemAdri, mAdhavAcArya meM v0| the| grantha meM sabhI dhArmika kRtyoM (nitya, naimittika jagadvallabhA--bhAradvAjagotra ke zrIvallabhAcArya dvaaraa| evaM kAmya) kA varNana hai| Da. kA0 (saM0 241, 24 se adhika prakaraNoM meN| 1881-82) ke anta meM haridAsa rAjapaNDita dvArA jagannAthaprakAza-sUramizra dvaaraa| jagannAtha kI AjJA prazasti hai| se pragIta (jagannAtha kAmboja kula ke the)| de0 jayasiMhakalpadruma---vArANasI ke paNDita zrIdevabhaTTa ke mitra0, no0 (jilda 5, pR0 109) / pANDu0 sa0 putra, zANDilyagotrIya ratnAkara dvArA (yaha eka 1838 (1782-3 I0) meM utArI gyii| dasa vizAla grantha hai, 900pa0 meM, 1925 I0 meM lakSmIprabhAoM meM likhita hai| veMkaTezvara presa kalyANa meM, mudrit)| kAla, vrata, jaTamallavilAsa---zrIdhara dvArA jaTamalla ke Adeza se zrAddha, dAna Adi para 19 stavakoM meN| kAla- stavaka saMgRhIta / jaTamalla dillI ke rAjA ke eka mAtra mantrI kI racanA jayasiMha ke Azraya meM huI, jisane Dhola ke putra bAlacandra cAyamalla ke choTe bhAI the| ujjayinI meM jyotiSToma kiyA, pauNDarIka bhii| usakI yaha kula kosala deza ke mandira se nikalA thA aura ambikA nagarI kA bhI varNana hai| vi0 saM0 1770 isakI rAjadhAnI svarNapurI thii| isa grantha meM AcAra, (1713 ii0)| isameM jayasiMha (jo zivAjI ko kAla, zrAddha, saMkrAnti, malamAsa, saMskAra, Azauca dillI le gayA thA) kI vaMzAvalI dI huI hai-rAmaevaM zuddhi kA varNana hai| iNDi0 A0 meM tithi ThIka siMha- kRSNasiMha- viSNusiMha- jysiNh|

Page #551
1544 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ise--- drumodyota bhI kahA jAtA hai| alavara jAtiviveka--vyambaka dvaaraa| (uddharaNa 305); bambaI meM mudrita, 1903 / jAtiviveka-nArAyaNa bhaTTa dvArA (bar3odA, saM0 11147) jayAnibandha-(nibandha ? ) caNDezvara ke kRtyaratnAkara jAtiviveka-parAzara dvaaraa| (pR0 166) meM v0| jAtiviveka-raghunAtha dvaaraa| jayAbhiSekaprayoga-raghunAtha dvaaraa| jAtiviteka--vizvanAtha dvArA (no0, jilda 9, pR0 jayArNava-ni0 si0 evaM pAraskaragRhyasUtrabhASya meM 179) / sTIna ke kaiTalAga meM ise 'vivekasaMgraha gadAdhara dvArA va0 / de. yuddhajayArNava / kahA gayA hai (pR0 89) / / jlyaatraa| jAtiviveka-vizvezvarabhaTTa dvArA (sambhavataH 'kAyasthajalAzayapratiSThA-bhAgaNimitra dvaaraa| dharmapradIpa' kA prathama bhaag)| jalAzayArAmotsargaviSi--(yA paddhati) (1) rAme- jAtiviveka---pratyaNDapura (mahArASTra meM parANDa ?) ke zvara ke putra nArAyaNa bhaTTa dvArA; rUpanArAyaNa ko vizvanAtha-pautra, zAGgadhara-putra, vAsiSTha gotra ke u0 karatA hai; 1513-1575 I0; de0 praka0 10 / vyAsa gopInAtha kavi dvaaraa| tIna ullAsoM meN| (2) kamalAkara dvArA; de0 praka0 106 / / pANDu0 (iNDi0 A0, jilda 3, pR0 519, saM0 jalAzayotsargatatva-raghunandana kRta (jIvAnanda dvArA 1639) kI tithi zaka saM0.1564 (1642 I0) prakA0) de0 praka0 102 / hai| pITarsana (alavara, saM0 1323) ke mata se yaha jAtakarma-saMskArabhAskara se| vizvambharavAstuzAstra kA eka bhAga hai, jo hemAdri jAtakarmapati-kezavabhaTTa dvaaraa| dvArA u0 hai, pitA kA nAma vyAsarAja hai; jo pahale jAtakarmapati-dAmodara dvaaraa| vizvanAtha kahA jAtA thA aura pitAmaha kA nAma jAtakarmAdipAlAzakarmAnta-bApaNNabhaTTa dvaaraa| smraaj| jAtariSTayAdinirNaya-vidyArNava dvArA; no0 nyU0 jAtivivekazataprazna---sAyaNa kRta kahA gayA hai| (2, pR0 55-56) / jAtivivekasaMgraha-vizvanAtha dvaaraa| jAtinirNaya-jar3odA (saM0 11003) kAyastha Adi pr| jAtisAMkarya--zivalAla sukula dvaaraa| jAtimAlA-rudrayAmalatantra kA eka aMza / jAtisAMkaryavAda---anantAlvAra dvaaraa| jAtimAlA-vibhinna hindU jAtiyoM kI utpatti pr| jAtisAMkaryavAda-veNIrAma zAkadvIpI dvaaraa| de0 no0 (jilda 2, pR0 151) / jikanIyanibandha-zUlapANi ke durgotsavaviveka meM evaM jAtimAlA-mudgala evaM jhApAmbikA ke putra somanAtha kullaka dvArA v0| dvArA, jinakI upAdhi sakalakala thI aura jo jalagrAma jIrNodvAraviSi-(trivikrama ke anusAra) mandira, ke nivAsI the| lakSmInindA, vairAgya evaM pArvatIstuti devapratimA Adi ke jIrNoddhAra pr| no0 (jilda nAmaka tIna bhAgoM meM, kintu dharma evaM jAtiyoM para kucha 10, pR0 271) / bhI nahIM hai| u. kA0 (saM0 302, 1884-86) / jIvacchAbaprayoga-rAmezvara bhaTTa ke putra nArAyaNa bhaTTa mAtimAlA-parAzarapaddhati se| sTIna (pR. 94) / dvaaraa| jaativivek-shesskRssnnkRt| zUdrAcAraziromaNi evaM jIvacchAuprayoga-zaunaka dvaaraa| nRsiMhaprasAda meM vrnnit| jIvatpitRkakartavyanirNaya--raMgojibhaTTa ke putra bAlakRSNa jAtiviveka-kRSNagovinda paNDita dvaaraa| varNAzrama- bhaTTa dvaaraa| no nyU0 (jilda 3, pR0 64), pANDu. dharmadIpikA nAmaka eka vizAla grantha kA aNsh| kI tithi saM0 1785 hai|

Page #552
dharmazAstrIya pranyasUcI 1545 jIvatpitakakartavyanirNaya-bAlakRSNa pAyaguNDe dvArA jyotiHsAgara----gadAdhara ke kAlasAra evaM ni0 si. (bar3odA, saM0 358 evaM 5549) / meM va jIvatpitakakartavyanirNaya--(yA karmanirNaya) rAmezvarA- jyotiHsAgarasAra-mathureza dvaaraa| tmaja nArAyaNa bhaTTa ke putra rAmakRSNa bhaTTa dvaaraa| jyotiHsAgarasAra--vidyAnidhi dvArA / no0 nyU0 laga0 1570-90 ii0| (jilda 1, pR.0 134) / pANDu0 tithi zaka saM0 jIvalpitakakartavyasaMcaya--kRSNabhaTTa dvaaraa| 1670 (1748 ii.)| jIvatpitakavibhAgavyavasthA---vrajarAja ke putra madhusUdana jyotiHsAra--dharmapravRtti evaM govindArNava meM v0| gosvAmI dvaaraa| jyotiHsArasaMgraha- raghunandana dvArA jyotistattva tathA jIvatpitakavibhAgasArasaMgraha--uparyukta kA saMkSipta rUpa madanapArijAta meM 20 / (alavara, saM0 1324) / saMvat 1812 (1755- jyotiHsArasaMgraha-hRdayAnanda vidyAlaMkAra dvaaraa| 6 I0) meM pratilipi kI gyii| jyotiHsArasamuccaya-raghunandana dvaaraa| jIvavAda--ophresTa 0, saM0 611 / jyotiHsArasamuccaya--devazarmA ke putra nanda dvaaraa| jaiminigRhya--DA. kailaiNDa (paMjAba orieNTala sI0, jyotirarNava-govindArNava evaM saM0 ko0 meM va0 / 1922) dvArA sampAdita / TI0 subodhinI, zrInivAsa jyotinibandha--zUdrakamalAkara, saMskAramayUkha evaM shuddhidvaaraa| mayUkha meM v.| jaiminigRhymntrvRtti| jyotisiMha----govindArNava evaM bhaTToji ke cturviNshtisaatibhedvivek| mata vyAkhyAna meM v0| zAnabhAskara--(sUrya evaM aruNa ke kathanopakathana ke rUpa jyotiSaratna-siddhezvara ke saMskArabhAskara meM v0| meM) prAyazcitta, karma Adi para prakAzoM meM vibhkt| jyotiSaratna-kezava tarkapaMcAnana dvaaraa| no0 nyU0 de0 bokAnera, pR0 398 / barnela (taMjaura, pR0 (jilda 2, pR0 58) / 136 bo) ke mata se lekhaka kA nAma diamaNi hai| jyotiSArNava-zUlapANi ke durgotsavaviveka evaM raghu. bar3odA kI saM01136 isakA eka bhAga hai (rogA- nandana dvArA v0| dhikAra para karmaprakAza) evaM 10000 zloka taka jyotiSaprakAza-nArAyaNabhaTTa ke prayogaratna, ni0 si0, calA jAtA hai tathA saM0 10546, 14000 zloka govindArNava dvArA v0| meM eka anya hai| jyotistattva-raghunandana dvaaraa| mAnamAlA--bhaTTotpala dvaaraa| bhoja ke dharmapradIpa, raghu- ToDaraprakAza-raghunandana mizra dvArA; rAjA ToDaramala nandana ke Ahnikatattva meM tathA AcAramayUkha meM ke Azraya meN| v0| ToDarAnanda-de0 praka0 104 / mAnaratnAvali---hemAdri, nRsiMhaprasAda (dAnasAra), duNipratApa-mahArAja DhuNDi ke Azraya meM vizvanAtha kuNDakaumudI meM v0| 1250 I. ke pUrva / dvaaraa| varSa ke pratyeka dina ke kRtyoM pr| pANDu. mAnAMkura-rAghavendra caTTa ke putra cUr3AmaNi dvaaraa| cAra zaka 1589 (1667-68 I0) meM utArI gayI stavakoM meN| (barnela, taMjaura, pR0 136 bii)| mAnAnAvataraMgiNI-kRSNAnanda dvArA, (saMskAroM pr)| pati-nArAyaNabhaTTa kI antyeSTipaddhati meM, rghujyesstthaavidhaan| nandana ke zrAddhatattva (1,pR0213) evaM zUdrakamalAmotikAlakAMmuvI-raghunandana dvArA v0| kara meM 10 / 1525 I0 ke pUrva /

Page #553
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa tddaagprtisstthaa| 15vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM / vyavahArakoza meM / taDAgAvipati--ToDaramalla dvArA (ToDarAnanda kA eka unake daNDaviveka kA ullekha hai| bhaag)| tattvArthakomudI-govindAnanda kavikaMkaNAcArya dvaaraa| taDAgAvipratiSThApati-dharmakara upAdhyAya dvaaraa| zUlapANi ke prAyazcittaviveka kI eka TIkA taDAgAvipratiSThAviSi-madhusUdana gosvAmI dvaaraa| (jIvAnanda dvArA prkaa0)| taDAgotsargatasva-raghunandana dvaaraa| tsvaarthdiip| tattvakaumudI-govindAnanda kavikaGkaNAcArya dvaaraa| tantraprakAza-Ahnikatattva meM raghu0 dvArA v0| yaha zUlapANi ke zrAddhaviveka para eka TIkA hai| tantrasArapaMcaratna-isakI TI0 kA nAma tantrasAratasvakaustama--bhadojidIkSita dvArA (bar3odA,saM0376) prakAzikA hai| keladI veMkaTeza ke Adeza se likhit| tantrAdhikAra, taptamadrAkhaNDana-appayadIkSita dvArA (zarIra para taptamudrAdhAraNa evaM liMgadhAraNa ke praznoM para eka cihnAGkana ke virodha meM, jaisA ki vaiSNava karate haiN)| nibndh| taptamudrAdhAraNa-(yA cakramImAMsA) smRtikaustubha se| tasvadIpa-tryambaka dvaaraa| taptamudrAvivAda-bhAskaradIkSita dvaaraa| tasvanirNaya-mahAmahopAdhyAya vaTezvara ke putra pakSadhara taptamadhAvika harirAya gosvAmI dvaaraa| baDodA dvaaraa| de0 mitra, no0 (jilda 5, pR0 155) / (saM0 11575) / pANDu0 zaka 1661 meM utArI gyii| tarpaNacandrikA--rAmacaraNa dvaaraa| tasvarakAza-de0 'shivtttvprkaashikaa|' tArakopavezavyavasthA--amRtAnanda tIrtha dvaaraa| tasvamuktAvalI-de0 bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 esa0 (pR0 tithikalpadruma-kalyANa dvaaraa| 217, saM0 687) / sambhavataH nimnokta grnth| tizikaustubha--(yA tithidIdhitikaustubha) Apadeva ke TI0, de0 vhii| putra anantadeva dvaaraa| tttvmuktaavlii-nndpnndditkRt| de0 praka0 105 / tithicaka-vizvanAtha dvaaraa| bar3odA (saM0 8336) / isameM unake smRtisindhu kA sArAMza hai| TI0 tirandrikA--pakSadhara mizra dvaaraa| bihAra, jilda 1, 'bAlabhaSA', bAlakRSNa dvaaraa| TI. 'bAlabhaSA', saM0 145, pANDa0 la0 saM0 345 (1464 I.) veNIdatta dvaaraa| meM utArI gyii| taravasaMgraha-koneribhaTTa dvaaraa| tiSicandrikA-haridatta mizra dvaaraa| tasvasAgara-hemAdri dvArA evaM ekAdazItattva tathA tiSicanovaya-ahalyAkAmadhenu meM v0| tithitattva meM raghunandana dvArA tathA AcAramayUkha meM tiSitasva-raghunandana dvaaraa| TI0 kAzIrAma trkaav0|| laMkAra dvArA; no0 nyU0 (1, pR0 155) / TI0 tatvasAra-raghu. ke malamAsatattva meM v0| kAzIrAbha vAcaspati dvArA; no0 nyU (2, pR071)| tattvasArasaMhitA-hemAdri dvArA v0| To0 rAmacaraNa vidyAvAcaspati dvArA; no0 nyU0 tatvAmRtadharmazAstra-de0 'smRtitttvaamRt'| (2, pR0 72) / tasvAmRtasArobAra-varSamAna dvaaraa| unake smRtitattva- tipitattvacintAmaNi-maheza Thakkura dvArA (banArasa meM viveka yA tattvAmRta kA saMkSepa; AcAra, zrAddha, mudrita, 1887 ii0)| zuddhi evaM vyavahAra nAmaka cAra kozoM meM vibhkt| tiSitasvasAra-Apadeva dvaaraa| mithilA ke rAjA rAma ke zAsana kAla meM prnniit| tissivrpnn|

Page #554
dharmazAstrIya pranyasUcI 1547 tithivISiti-- (anantadeva ke smRtikaustubha kA eka hai ki rAghava ke tithinirNaya ke mukhapRSTha para raghunAtha aNsh)| likhA huA hai| tithidIpikA :-jayarAma bhaTTa ke putra kAzInAtha dvArA tithinirNaya-ramApati siddhAnta dvaaraa| no0 nyU0 (bar3odA, saM0 10724) / (1, pa0 156 zaka saMvata 1633 meM prnniit| tiSidvaitanirNaya (yA tithiviveka) zUlapANi dvaaraa| tithinirNaya-rAghavabhaTTa dvArA; ni0 si0 evaM nIlakaNTha tithirvataprakaraNa--(tithiviveka) zUlapANi dvaaraa| ke nAma Aye haiM, ataH 1640 I0 ke pUrva ; pANDu. isameM saMvatsarapradIpa evaM smRtisamuccaya ke nAma Aye 1681 zaka (arthAt 1766 I0) meM utArI gyii| haiN| TI0 zrIkara ke putra zrInAthazarmA dvaaraa| bambaI meM mudrita, 1864 ii0| tithinirNaya- kAlamAdhava se| tithinirNaya--gopAla ke ziSya rAmacandra dvaaraa| bar3odA tiSinirNaya--anantabhaTTa dvArA (baDodA, saM0 10611, (sa0 1524), laga0 1400 I0 / TI0 lekhaka ke tithi saM0 1583, arthAt 1526-27 I0 / putra nRsiMha dvaaraa| pANDu0 saM0 1638 (1582 tithinirNaya--kamalAkara dvaaraa| tithinirNaya--gaMgAdhara dvaaraa| tithinirNaya--rAmaprasAda dvaaraa| tiSinirNaya--gopAla dvaaraa| tithinirNaya-vAcaspati dvaaraa| tithinirNaya --govindabhaTTa buddhila dvaaraa| alavara (saM0 tithinirNaya--vizveza dvArA; hemAdri, mAdhava, camatkAra 1326) / poTarsana kA yaha kahanA ki vaha kAla- cintAmaNi, purANasamuccaya ke nAma liye gaye haiN| raghUtama kI prazaMsA karatA hai bhrAmaka hai| yahA~ raghUtama tithinirNaya--vaidyanAtha dvArA (camatkAracintAmaNi se)| viSNu ke avatAra haiM, jo 'kAla' evaM 'brahma' ke samAna tithinirNaya-zivAnanda bhaTTa gosvAmI dvArA (alavara, kahe gaye haiN| saM0 1329) / tithinirNaya-dayAzaMkara dvaaraa| tithinirNaya-zubhakara dvaaraa| tithinirNaya---devadAsa mizra dvaaraa| tithinirNaya--siddhalakSaNa dvaaraa| tiSinirNaya--ziva ke putra nAgadeva dvaaraa| ni0 si0 para tithinirNaya-sudarzana dvaaraa| __ aavRt| tithinirNaya-mAdhavAcArya ke laghumAdhavIya se| tipinirNaya---nAgojibhaTTa dvaaraa| tithinirNaya-smRtyarthasAra se| tithinirNaya..-nArAyaNa bhaTTa dvaaraa| tithinirNayakArikA-kauzika gotra ke govindAcAryaputra mithinirNaya-pakSadhara mizra dvaaraa| zrInivAsAcArya dvaaraa| tithinirNaya--bAlakRSNa bhAradvAja dvaaraa| hemAdri para tithinirNayacakra-vizvanAtha dvArA (bar3odA, saM0 nirbhara hai| tiSinirNaya-bhaTToji dvArA (banArasa evaM bambaI se tithinirNayatasva-zivanandana nAga dvaaraa| prkaa0)| tithinirNayadIpikA-zambhu ke putra rAmadeva dvaaraa| tithinirNaya--mathurAnAtha zukla dvaaraa| tithinirNayamArtaNDa---kRSNamitrAcArya dvaaraa| tithinirNaya-mahAdeva dvaaraa| tithinirNayasaMkSepa-(yA tithinirNaya) lakSmIdhara ke putra timinirNaya ---mAdhava dvArA (kAlanirNaya kA eka ash)| bhaTTAji dvaaraa| tithinirNaya--raghunAtha dvArA (sambhavataH ye rAghavabhaTTa tithinirNayasaMgraha--rAmacandra dvaaraa| anantabhaTTa ke tithi hI haiN)| viTa0 evaM kotha (pR0 282) kA kathana nirNaya kA sNkssep| TI0 nRsiMha dvaaraa| bar3odA, saM0 122

Page #555
1548 1524, tithi saM0 1683, 1400 I0 ke uparAnta / tithinirNaya sarvasamuccaya / tithinirNayasAra - madanapAla dvArA / de0 praka0 93 / tivinirNayenduzekhara-nAgojibhaTTa dvArA / tithinirNayoddhAra - ( yA laghutithinirNaya yA nirNayodvAra) rAghavabhaTTa dvArA / de0 Upara tithinirNaya / ise tithisArasaMgraha bhI kahA jAtA hai| tithiprakAza-gaMgAdAsa dvivedI dvArA / tithiprakAzaprakAzikA | tithyarkaprakAza- divAkara dvArA ( kyA yaha uparyukta tithyarka hI hai ? ) / tibyAktisvanirNaya logAkSi bhAskara dvArA bar3odA (saM0 5772, tithi 1605 saM0 1548-9 I0 ) / dIpikA, kAlAdarza, mAdhava eva nirNayAmRta kA ullekha hai, ataH 1400 I0 ke pazcAt / tibyAdinirNaya- gopInAtha dvArA / tithyAvinirbhaya - padmanAbha kRta ( yogIzvarasaMgraha kA tithipradIpaka-bhaTToji dvArA / tithipradIpikA-nRsiMha dvArA / vidyAraNya kA ullekha hai| bhAga; pANDu0 san 1707 I0 meM utArI gayI ) / tiSyAvividhisaMgraha - raghUttama tarkaziromaNi dvArA / no0 nyU0 ( jilda 2, pR0 75) / tiSyuktiratnAvalI - harilAla mizra dvArA / tIrthakamalAkara -- rAmakRSNa ke putra kamalAkara bhaTTa dvArA / de0 praka0 106 / grantha kA eka nAma sarvatIrthavidhi bhI hai| tithipradIpikA- rAmasevaka dvArA ! tithimaJjarI --- lAlabhaTTa -mahAdeva jJAnezvara gaNeza dvArA / tithiratna --- mahAdeva dvArA / timiratnamAlA - cintAmaNi ke putra anantAtmaja nIla- tIrthakalpalatA --- anantadeva ke putra gokuladeva dvArA / tIrthakalpalatA - nandapaNDita dvArA / de0 praka0 105 / kaNTha dvArA / dharmazAstra kA itihAsa tithivAkyanirNaya de0 nArAyaNa bhaTTa kA tithi- tIrthakalpalatA - vAcaspati dvArA / tIrthakAzikA - gaMgAdhara dvArA va0 / tIrthakImuvI ballAla ke putra zaMkara dvArA / tIrthacintAmaNi kA ullekha hai / yaha tIrthodyApanakaumudI hI hai| nirNaya / tithiviveka - zUlapANi dvArA; raghunandana ke tithitattva meM ba0 / TI0 tAtparyadIpikA, zrIkara ke putra zrInAtha AcAryacUr3AmaNi dvArA / laga0 14751525 I0 / no0 nyU0 (jilda 2, pR073-74) / pANDu0 1512-13 I0 meM utArI gayI / tithivyavasthAsaMkSepa | tithisaMgraha - ( yA sarvatithisvarUpa ) surezvara dvArA / tithInduzelara - nAgezabhaTTa dvArA / tithyarka - bhAradvAja gotra ke bAlakRSNAtmaja mahAdeva ke putra divAkara dvArA ; AcArArka ke lekhaka (donoM dharmazAstrasudhAnidhi ke bhAga haiM) / laga0 1683 I0 / anukramaNikA, unake putra vaidyanAtha dvArA / tithyarkaparvanirNaya ( bar3odA, saM0 5947) lekhaka kA kathana hai ki prayogaratna ke lekhaka nArAyaNabhaTTa usakI mAtA ke prapitAmaha the / ataH lekhaka kI tithi lagabhaga 1650 I0 hai / saurthakaumudA -- siddhAntavAgIza bhaTTAcArya dvArA / tIrthacintAmaNi- vAcaspati mizra dvArA / pA~ca prakAzoM bibli0 iNDi0 sI0 dvArA prakA0, raghu0 ke zuddhitattva meM evaM ni0 si0 meM va0 de0 praka0 98 / tIrthatasva - ( yA tIrthayAtrAvidhi ) raghu0 kRta / yaha unake smRtitattvoM ke 28 tattvoM ke atirikta hai / tIrthadarpaNa - (de0 'Rjuprayoga' ) vizvanAtha ke putra bhaTTarAma ( hosiGga upAdhivArI) dvArA / tIrthanirNaya - (yA kurukSetra tIrthanirNaya) rAmacandra dvArA / tIrthaparibhASA vyAsa kii| tIrthamaJjarI mukundalAla dvArA / tIrthayAtrAtasva - raghunandana dvArA / yaha tIrthatattva hI hai| de0 praka0 102 /

Page #556
mazAstrIya granyasUcI tIrthayAtrAnirNaya | tIrtharasnAkara -- ( yA rAmaprasAda ) parAzara gotrIya mAnava ke putra rAmakRSNa dvArA / pANDu0, saM0 1690 (1624-25 I0 ) / lekhaka ne saM0 1600 meM kAzo meM zAstradIpikA para yuktisnehaprapUraNI nAmaka To0 likho / ye pratApamArtaNDa ke bhI lekhaka haiN| laga0 1500-1545 I0 / tIrthasaMgraha - zrIvara dvArA smRtyarthasAra meM va0 / tIrthasaMgraha - sAhebarAma dvArA / torbasAra -- nRsiMhaprasAda kA eka bhAga / tIrthasetu - vRndAvana zukla dvArA / tIsaukhya ToDarAnanda kA eka aza / tIryenduzekhara - zivabhaTTa ke putra nAgojibhaTTa dvArA / de0 praka0 110 / tIrthodyApanakaumudI -- ballAlasUri ke putra zaMkara dvArA / de0 'vratodyApanakaumudI' / laga0 1753 I0 / tulasIkASThamAlASAraganiSedha -- narasiMha dvArA ( bar3odA, saM0 3894) / tulasIcandrikA - rAjanArAyaNa mukhopAdhyAya dvArA / tulasIvivAha-- ( pratApamArtaNDa se liyA gayA ) alavara (saM0 1334, uddharaNa 313) / tulAdAna / tulAdAnapaddhati / tulAdAnapuruSaprayoga | tulAdAnaprakaraNa -- siddhanAtha dvArA / tulAdAnaprayoga -- (mAdhyandinIya ) / tulAdAnaprayoga - rAmakRSNa ke putra kamalAkara dvArA / de0 praka0 106 / tulAdAnavidhi / tulApaddhati kamalAkara dvArA / tulApuraSadAnapaddhati / tulApuruSavAnaprayoga - viTThala dvArA / tulApuruSa mahAdAnapaddhati - ponAtha dvArA / tulApuruSa mahAdAnaprayoga - (yA tulAdAnavidhi ) zvara ke putra nArAyaNa bhaTTa dvArA / de0 praka0 103 / rAme 1549 trilokI--- (yA AzIrvAtriMzacchlokI) bopadeva dvArA / kyA yaha nimnokta hI hai ? trizacchlokI - ( yA AzocatriMzacchlokI yA sUtakakArikA) TokA ke sAtha san 1876 meM kAzI se prakA0 / AzIca para 30 sragdharA chandoM meM alavara ( saM0 1339) meM yaha bopadeva kI kaho gayI hai / de0 bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 esa0 (jilda 3, pR0 209-210), jahA~ yaha hemAdri kI kahI gayI hai / TI0 vivaraNa, rAmezvara putra mAdhava ke putra raghunAtha bhaTTa dvArA; laga0 1560-1625 meM / TokA para TIkA vivaraNasArodvAra, bAlakRSNa ke putra zambhubhaTTa kavimaNDana dvArA ; ni0 si0, mayUkha, bhaTTojidIkSita ke nAma Aye haiM / 1660-1710 I0 ke bIca / lekhaka kA kathana hai ki usane trizacchlokI para raghunAtha kI TokA kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| ThI0 AzIcasaMgraha | TI0 meM bhrAmaka DhaMga se ise vijJAnezvara kRta mAnA gayA hai / de0 'dazazlokI' / To0 bhaTTAcArya dvArA (alavara, saM0 1341; pANDu0, bar3odA, saM0 3883, tithi saM0 1579=1522-23 I0 ) / TI0 subodhinI, rAmakRSNa ke putra kamalAkarabhaTTAtmaja ananta dvArA / laga0 1610-1660 I0 / TI0 kRSNamitra dvArA / To0 rAghava dvaaraa| TI0 rAmabhaTTa dvArA / To0 vizvanAtha dvArA / To0 de0 iNDi0 A0, 3, pR0 566, saM0 1750-51 / TI0 rAmezvara bhAratI dvaaraa| TI0 lekhaka dvArA / trikANDamaNDana- ( ApastambasUtradhvanitArtha kA rikA ) kumArasvAmI ke putra bhAskaramizra somayAjI dvArA (bibli0 iNDi0 sI0 ) / prakAzita grantha evaM pANDu0 meM antara hai| adhikArinirUpaNa, pratinidhi punarAdheya, nimitta evaM prakIrNaka nAmaka cAra prakaraNoM meM vibhkt| RSideva, karka, kezavasiddhAnta, dAmodara, nArAyaNavRtti (AzvalAyana zrautasUtra para ), bhavanAga, bharadvAja sUtrabhASyakAra, laugAkSikArikA, bhartRyajJa, zAlikanAtha (pUrvamImAMsA para ), yajJapArzva, karmadIpa, vidhirana ke nAma Aye haiN| isakI bahuta-sI kAri

Page #557
1550 kAe~ (yadyapi ve mukhyataH zrautakRtyoM se sambandhita haiM ) dharmazAstra-granthoM meM uddhRta | lekhaka ne dharma ke katipaya viSayoM kI carcA kara dI hai, yathA malamAsa (1 / 165-177), gauNakAla Adi / hemAdri evaM madanaratna dvArA va0, ataH tithi 1000 I0 ke uparAnta evaM 1200 I0 ke pUrva hai / de0 DA0 bhaNDArakara kI riporTa (1883-84, pR0 30-31) / TI0 vivaraNa | TI0 padaprakAzikA | trikAla saMdhyA / dharmazAstra kA itihAsa tripiNDIzrAddhaprayoga -- opheTa, 591 / tripuSkarazAntitattva - raghunandana kRta / de0 praka0 102 / trivikramapaddhati - ni0 si0 meM va0 / daNDanItiprakaraNa --- ( zambhurAja kI nItimaJjarI se uddharaNa) / daNDaviveka gaNDaka mizra ke choTe bhAI evaM bhaveza ke putra tathA bilvapaMcagrAmanivAsI vardhamAna dvArA / sAta paricchedoM meM; 15vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM; aparAdhoM, daNDanirNayAdhikAra, daNDa ke vibhinna svarUpoM para / no0 (jilda 5, pR0 225, saM0 1910 mithilA ke rAjA ke lie likhita / kalpataru, kAmadhenu, halAyudha, dharmakoza, smRtisAra, kRtyasAra, ratnAkara, pArijAta, vyavahAratilaka, pradIpikA evaM pradIpa ko apane lie prAmANika mAnA hai / yaha unake smRtitattvaviveka kA eka aMza hai| tristhalovidhi -- hemAdri dvArA / dattakakuThAra | tristhalI setu -- jayarAma bhaTTa ke putra kAzInAtha bhaTTa dattakaumudI - 5840) / dvArA / - rAmajaya takaliMkAra dvArA (baMgalA lipi meM kalakattA se 1827 I0 meM prakA0 ) / dattakaziromaNi meM saMkSepa; pI0 sI0 Taigora ke saMrakSaNa meM prakA0 / dattakaustubha - kedAranAtha datta dvArA / kalakattA meM tristhalasetu - rAmezvara bhaTTa ke putra nArAyaNa bhaTTa dvArA (AnandA0, pUnA meM prakA0 ) prathama bhAga meM sabhI tortho se sambandhita kRtyoM kA vivecana hai aura Age prayAga, kAzI evaM gayA kI tIrthayAtrA para vizeSa rUpa se varNana hai / laga0 1550-60 I0 meM praNIta / tristhalIsetupraghaTTaka nAgeza dvArA / - trisvalIsetusAra-- ( yA sArasaMgraha yA tIrthayAtrAvidhi ) bhaTTa dvArA / trailokyasAgara - vAcaspati mizra dvArA apane dvaitanirNaya meM va0; ataH 1400 I0 se pUrva / trailokyasAra - hemAdri, raghunandana dvArA evaM dAnamayUkha trivikramI - ( mlecchoM Adi ke bhaya se sthAnAntaraNa karane para mUrti pratiSThApana ke niyama ) no0 (jilda 9, pR0 295 ) / triveNIpaddhati - divAkara bhaTTa dvArA ( bar3odA, saM0 meM va0 / traivaNikasaMnyAsa- kailAsa yati dvArA / vikramI de0 'trivikramapaddhati' / vakSasmRti -- de0 praka0 43 / jIvA0 ( bhAga 2, pR0 383-402 ) evaM AnandA0 ( pR0 72-84) meM prakA0 / TI0 kRSNanAtha dvaaraa| TI0 takanalAla dvArA / dakSiNadvAranirNaya - nArAyaNa dArA (bar3odA, saM0 9175) / daNDakazAnti / prakA0 / dattacandrikA kubera paNDita dvArA / kalakattA se 1857 I0 meM prakA0, bar3odA meM marAThI anuvAda ke sAtha pra0, 1899 / antima zloka kI vyAkhyA se patA calatA hai ki yaha raghumaNi dvArA likhita hai| aisA kahA jAtA hai ki kolabruka ke eka paNDita kI yaha kapaTa - racanA hai| lekhaka kA kathana hai ki usane eka smRticandrikA bhI likhI hai| TI0 rAmezvara zukla dvArA / dattacandrikA --- kolappAcArya dvArA / dattakacandrikA --- zrInivAsAcArya ke putra tolappara dvArA ( bar3odA, saM0 6572 bI) /

Page #558
dharmazAstrIya granthasUcI batakacandrikAThIkA - takanalAla dvArA / vasvanirNaya -- ( yA vinirNaya) harinAtha mizra dvArA / no0 (jilda 11, bhUmikA pR0 5) / vattakatilaka -- bhavadeva dvArA ( lekhaka ke vyavahAratilaka kA eka aMza ) / dattakaziromaNi dvArA saMkSepa / TeaNa-vaipAyana dvArA / no0 (10 pR0 71) / dattakavImiti - mahAmahopAdhyAya anantabhaTTa dvArA / kalakatA evaM bhavanagara meM prakA0 / dattakaziromaNi meM sArAMza / dasakanirNaya tAtyAzAstrI dvArA / battakanirNaya - vizvanAtha upAdhyAya dvArA / battakanirNaya - zUlapANi dvArA ( unake nibandha smRti - viveka kA eka aMza ) / lagabhaga sampUrNa aza bharatacandra ziromaNi ke dattakaziromaNi meM prakA0 / isakA eka nAma dattakaviveka bhI hai| battakanirNaya - zrInAtha bhaTTa dvArA / battakaputravidhAna - anantadeva dvArA ( sambhavataH yaha dattadIdhiti hI hai ) / batakaputravidhAna - nRsiMhabhaTTa dvArA / dattakaputravidhi - zUlapANi dvArA / yaha uparyukta dattakanirNaya hI hai| T batakamImAMsA - (yA dattaputranirNayamImAMsA) nandapaNDita ( vinAyaka paNDita ) dvArA ( kalakattA meM bharatacandra ziromaNi dvArA prakA0 ) / de0 praka0 105 / TI0 vRndAvana zukla dvArA / batakamImAMsA ---- mAdhavAcArya dvArA / dattakavidhi nIlakaNTha ke vyavahAramayUkha kA eka aMza / meaf - bAcaspati dvArA / de0 no0 nyU0 sI0 (jilda 3, bhUmikA, pR0 7-8 ) / dattakavivekazUlapANi dvArA / de0 dattakanirNaya (Upara) / dattakasapiNDanirNaya / battakojjvala-vardhamAna dvArA, jinhoMne kAlI kI vandanA kI hai| no0 nyU0 (jilda 1, pR0 166 ) / tacintAmaNi - narasiMha ke putra vaJcezvara dvArA / 1551 kalakattA meM dattadAyaprakAza----brajanAtha vidyAratna dvArA 1875 meM prakA0 ) / dattaputratattvaviveka --- vAsudeva bhaTTa dvArA (sTIna, pR0 307) / vataputravicAra - govinda vAsudeva bhaTTa dvArA ( bar3odA, saM0 10701 bI) / vataputravidhi / battamaJjarI / battaratnapradIpikA zrInivAsAcArya dvArA / vattaratnAkara -- dharma rAjAdhvarIndra ( mAdhavAdhvarIndra ke putra) dvaaraa| isameM vijJAnezvara, kAlAmRta, varadarAjIya, dattakasaMgraha, kAlanirNaya, dattamImAMsA kA ullekha hai / 1650 I0 ke uparAnta / dattaratnArpaNa - sItArAmazAstrI dvArA (bar3odA, sa0 7204) / battavidhi - vaidyanAtha dvArA / vattasaMgraha - bhImasena kavi dvArA / dattasiddhAntamaMjarI - devabhadra dIkSita ke putra bAlakRSNa dvArA / lekhaka phalanitakara kula kA hai aura usake guru advaitAnanda the / dattasiddhAntamaJjarI - bhaTTa bhAskarapaNDita dvArA / vattasiddhAntamandAramaMjarI / vattasmRtisAra / dattahomAnukramaNikA / dattAdarza mAdhava paNDita dvArA / battArka- nRsiMhAtmaja mAdhava ke putra dAdA karajagi dvArA | godAvarIya nAsika meM kRSNAcArya ke ziSya / lekhana-kAla zaka 1691 ( 1769 I0 ) / nirNayasindhukAra evaM mayUkhakAra ke nAma ullikhita haiM / vattArcanakaumudI - ( yA dattAtreyapaddhati) caitanyagiri dvArA / dattArcanavidhicandrikA ---- rAmAnanda yati dvArA / ' dattAzaucavyavasthApanavAda - rAmazaMkara ke putra rAmasubrahmaNyazAstrI dvArA / 18vIM zatAbdI ke anta meN| dantadhAvanaviSi /

Page #559
1552 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa darzanirNaya-sarasvatIvallabha ke putra raMganAthAtmaja dazanirNaya-(upavAsa evaM utsavoM para) prayogacandrikA veMkaTanAtha vaidikasArvabhauma dvaaraa| jayantInirNaya, meM v0| ekAdazonirgaya Adi viSayoM pr| sambhavataH yaha dazaputrAhnika-dazaputra kula ke prabhAkara-putra Ananda lekhaka ke smRtiratnAkara kA eka aMza hai| no0 dvaaraa| (jilda 8, pR0 14) / smRticandrikA, kAlanirNaya, dazamukhakoTihomaprayoga-devabhadra pAThaka dvArA (bar3odA, akhaNDAdarza kA ullekha hai| sa0 10963) / varzadhAra-vizvanAtha hosiMga ke putra rAmabhaTTa dvaaraa| shvissviprpddhti| . varzazrAvapati-raghunAtha kRt| hemAdri ke grantha para dazazlokI--(vijJAnezvara kI kahI gayo hai) azIca aadhRt| pr| yaha uparyukta Azaucadazaka hI hai| TI. varzadhAyaprayoga-bhaTTa govinda dvArA (bar3odA, saM0 lakSmodhara ke putra bhaTToji dvaaraa| hulza (3, pR0 1677, tithi zaka 1680) / 101) meM bhaTToji kA kathana vaNita hai 'vijJAnezvaravarzazrAdaprayoga-zivarAma dvaaraa| madanapArijAtakAraviMzacchalokIkAra prabhatayastU braahmvrshsnycikaa| Nasya vaizyAnugamane pakSiNItyAhuH', jisase prakaTa vazakarmadIpikA--(yA paddhati) pazapati dvArA (kANva hotA hai ki unhoMne trizacchalokI ke lekhaka ko yajarvediyoM ke lie)| lekhaka halAyadha kA jyeSTha vijJAnezvara se bhinna mAnA hai| bhAI evaM baMgAla ke rAjA lakSmaNasena kA paNDita thA, dazasaMskArapaddhati-yaha garbhAdhAnAdidazasaMskArapaddhati hai| ataH tithi laga0 1168-1200I0 hai| dshsNskaarprkrnn| zakarmapadati-RgvediyoM ke lie (garbhAvAna Adi dshaadikaalnirnny| para) mahAmahopAdhyAya kAlesi dvaaraa| no0 (jilda dshaahkrm| 2, pR0 61) / dazAhavivAha--vaMdyanAtha dIkSita dvaaraa| kzakarmapaddhati-harizaMkara ke putra gaNapati dvaaraa| dAnakamalAkara-kamalAkara bhaTTa dvaaraa| de0 praka0 bazakarmapadati--nArAyaNa bhaTTa dvaaraa| vazakarmapati-pRthvIdhara dvaaraa| dAnakalpa---ahalyAkAmadhenu meM u0| vazakarmapaddhati-bhavadeva bhaTTa dvaaraa| isakA nAma dazakarma- dAnakalpataru-lakSmIdhara kRta (kalpataru kA eka bhaag)| dopikA yA karmAnuSThAnapaddhati bhI hai| chandoga- de0 praka0 77 / zAkhA ke anusaar| de0 praka0 73 / dAnakANDaparva--pratAparAja sAmbAjI dvArA ('parazurAmavazakarmapaddhati--vAjasaneyiyoM ke lie rAmadatta maMthila pratApa' se)| dvaaraa| yaha 'garbhAvAnAdidazasaskArapaddhati' hI hai| daankaannddsNkssep|| vazakarmavyAkhyA-halAyudha dvArA (brAhmaNasarvasva kA dAnakautuka-'harivaMzavilAsa' (nandapaNDita kRta) se eka bhaag)| uddht| dshkaalnirnny| dAnakaumudI--rAmajaya tarkAlaMkAra dvaaraa| vazaSenudAnapaddhati--(yA vidhi) hemAdri ke dAnakhaNDa dAnakaumudI--(yA dAnakriyAkaumudI) govindAnanda dvArA kA eka bhaag| (laga0 1500-1540 ii.)| lekhaka ko zrAddhavazanirNaya-raGganAtha ke putra veMkaTanAtha vaidikasArvabhauma kriyAkaumudI meM va0 / de0 praka0 107; bibli. dvaaraa| iNDi0 sI0 meM prkaa|

Page #560
dharmazAstrIya pranyasUcI bAnakaustubha-anantadeva ke smRtikaustubha se| bhavazarmA kRta kahA gayA hai, jo khaupAlavaMza meM utpanna bAnacandrikA--gautama dvaaraa| hue the aura agnihotrI the| bAnacandrikA--jayarAma dvArA (hemAdri kA uddhrnn)| dAnaparibhASA-nIlakaNTha dvaaraa| bAnacandrikA-mahAdeva ke pUtra evaM rAmezvara ke pautra dAnaparIkSA--zrIdhara mizra dvaaraa| divAkara dvaaraa| upAdhi 'kaal'| dAnoyota, dAna- dAnapArijAta--kANva kula ke janha ke putra nAgadeva yA ratna, dAnamayUkha evaM pratArka ke nAma Aye haiN| dAna- nAgeza ke putra anantabhadra dvaaraa| saMkSepacandrikA nAma bhI hai| 1660 I. ke upraant| dAnapArijAta----kSemendra dvaaraa| banArasa meM 1864 I0 evaM bambaI meM 1880 evaM daanprkrnn| 1884 meM prkaashit| daanprkaar| vAnacandrikA-nIlakaNTha dvaaraa| vAnaprakAza-mitra mizra kA (vIramitrodaya kA aNsh)| bAnacandrikA-zrIkara ke putra zrInAtha AcAryacUDAmaNi de0 prA0 108 / dvaaraa| laga0 1475-1525 ii0| vAnapradIpa-.--dayArAma dvaaraa| dAnacandrikAvalo-zrIdharapati dvaaraa| dAnapradIpa----dayAzaMkara dvaaraa| vAnapradIpa --gurjara deza ke viSNuzarmA ke putra mahAmahobAnavarSaga-raghunandata ke zuddhitattva (2, pR0 250) evaM pAdhyAya mAdhava dvaaraa| tithitattva meM v0| daanphlvivek| bAnadinakara-dinakara ke putra divAkara dvaaraa| dAnaphalavata-pati se virodha hone para patniyoM dvArA yA bAnadIdhiti-.-bhAskara ke putra nIlakaNTha dvaaraa| putroM se virodha hone kI AzaMkA se striyoM dvArA kiye maanviipvaakysmuccy| jAne vAle kRtyoM kA varNana (iNDi0 A0, jilda 3, ganadharmaprakriyA-kRSNadeva sanmizra maithila ke putra bhavadeva pR0 577) / bhaTTa dvaaraa| bhUpAla kA nAma AyA hai| cAra kANDoM dAnabhAgavata-varNI kuberAnanda dvaaraa| saMgrAmasiMha ke meN| pANDu0, mitra, no0 (5, pR0 144) / tithi kAla meM prnniit| yaha eka vizada grantha hai aura purANoM zaka 1558 (1636-7 ii0)| evaM paurANika kRtyoM ke viSaya meM bahumUlya hai evaM bAnapajI-(yA paJjikA) droNakula ke devasiMha ke purANoM para AdhRtadharma ke viSayoM para prakAza DAlatA hai| putra navarAja dvaaraa| no0 (5, pR0 150) / pITarsana Da0 kA0 (pANDu0 saM0 265, 1887-91) / isameM (5vIM riporTa, pR0 177) ne 'nararAja' par3hA hai aura 'nAgarI' (akSaroM ke lie prayukta) zabda kI vyutpatti kahA hai ki nararAja ke Adeza se sUryakara ne saMgRhIta hai| bopadeva ke saMketa se tithi 1300 ke upraant| kiyA hai| dAnamaJjarI-vrajarAja dvaaraa| sanapazmI--ratnAkara Thakkura dvaaraa| dAnasAgara kA dAnamanohara-tripAThI paramAnanda ke putra sadAziva dvaaraa| saMkSepa hai| gaur3eza mahArAja manoharadAsa kI AjJA se sa01735 bAnapajI--sUryakarazarmA dvaaraa| de0 'navarAja' bhii| (1678-79 I.) meM praNIta / bAnapAti--(SoDazamahAdAnapaddhati) mithilA ke karNATa dAnamayUkha-zaMkarabhaTTa ke putra nIlakaNTha dvArA! 17vIM rAjAnasiMha ke mantrI rAmadatta dvaaraa| lekhaka caNDezvara zatI ke pUrvArdha meN| kAzI saM0sI0 eva gharapUre dvArA ke cacere bhAI the| 14vIM zatI ke pUrva meM bambaI se prkaa| (iNDi0 A0, 3, pR0 550, saM0 1714) / ise daanmhimaa|

Page #561
1554 dAnamuktAvalI / bAnaratna -- dAnacandrikA meM va0 / dharmazAstra kA itihAsa 90 / bhaTTarAma vAnaratna -- anUpavilAsa kA eka aMza / dAnaratnAkara -- caNDezvara dvaaraa| de0 praka0 vAnaratnAkara - hoziMga kula ke mudgala putra dvArA / marudezasya jodhapura ke rAjA anUpasiMha ke Adeza se sNgRhiit| anUpasiMha kI vaMzAvalI dI huI hai; bIkA ne bIkAnera bsaayaa| bhaTTarAma ne rAjA kI AjJA se nimna pA~ca grantha race--anUpaviveka ( zAlagrAmaparIkSaNa ), santAnakalpalatikA, anUpakutukArNava, amRtamaMjarI (viSoM ke mArjanoM para) evaM cikitsAmAlatImAlA / laga0 1605 I0 / vAnavAkya / dAnavAkyasamuccaya-- yogIzvara dvArA ( bar3odA, saM0 10513; saMvat 1587 (1630-31 I0 ) / Da0 kA0 (pANDu 0 332), 1880-81 / dAnavAkyasamuccaya--yogIzvara dvArA / bhojadevasaMgraha meM va0 / pANDu0 zaka 1297 (1375 I0) meM utArI gayI / 1891-95) / dAnavijaya / dAnaviveka - hemAdri, dAnacandrikA, dAnamayUkha (nIlakaNThakRta) meM va0 / dAnaviveka --bhaTTojidIkSita ke putra bhAnudIkSita dvArA / laga0 1650 I0 / dAnavivekodyota - ( yA dAnodyota ) madanaratna se / dAnasaMkSepacandrikA - mahAdeva ke putra divAkara dvArA / de0 'dAnacandrikA' / dAnasAgara -- anantabhaTTa dvArA / dAnasAgara --- ballAlasena ke grantha ke AdhAra para kAmadeva mahArAja dvArA / dAnasAgara-ballAlasena dvArA de0 praka0 83 / dAnasAra --- nRsiMhaprasAda kA aMza / de0 praka0 99 / vAnasArasaMgraha -- ( kevala vAstu pUjA kA prakaraNa) alavara (1355, 319) / bAnasArAvalI-bIkAnera ( pR0 375) / dAnasaulya - dAnacandrikA evaM dAnamayUkha (ToDarAnanda kA bhAga) meM va0 / dAnahIrAvaliprakAza----bhAradvAja mahAdeva ke putra divAkara dvArA / nIlakaNTha ke dauhitra / unake choTe putra vaidyanAtha dvArA padya meM saMkSepa jor3A gyaa| dharmazAstrasudhAnidhi grantha kA eka bhAga (iNDi0 A0, jilda 3, pR0 547-48 ) / anukramaNikA, lekhaka ke putra vaidyanAtha dvArA / dAnavAsyAvali - nararAja dvArA / vAnavAkyAvali -vidyApati dvArA mithilA ke rAjA narasiMhadeva darpanArAyaNa kI rAnI mahAdevI dhIramati ke saMrakSaNa meM praNIta / pANDu0 tithi saM0 1539 ( 1483 I0); 15vIM zatI kA pUrvA / bhaNDArakara riporTa (1883-84, pR0 352 ) / dAnavAkyAvali - ajJAta / 40 kA0 (saM0 367, bAyakaumudI - pItAmbara siddhAntavAgIza dvArA / laga0 dAnahemAdri caturvargacintAmaNi kA eka aMza / bAnArNava--- mithilA ke vIranArAyaNa narasiMhadeva ( kAmezvararAjapaMDita) kI patnI dhIramati ke Adeza se viracita / 15vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha / bAnoddhota- ( madanaratnapradIpa kA eka aMza ) / yaha viveka hI hai / dAnodyotakRSNarAma dvArA / - dAmodarIya nirNayadIpaka, zuddhimayUkha evaM samayamayUkha meM va0 / 1500 I0 ke pUrva / 1604 I0 / kalakattA meM 1904 I0 meM prakA0 / vAyakramasaMgraha - zrIkRSNa tarkAlaMkAra kRta (kalakattA meM 1828 meM mudrita evaM vica dvArA anUdita ) / AcArya cUr3AmaNi kA ullekha hai / vAyatattva - (yA dAyabhAgatatva) raghunandana kRta / jIvA0 dvArA prakA0 de0 praka0 102 / TI0 kAzIrAma vAcaspati dvaaraa| TI0 rAdhAmohana dvaaraa| TI0 vRndAvana zukla dvArA | TI0 ajJAta (no0 nyU0, jilda 2, pR0 80 ) /

Page #562
dharmazAstrIya granthasUcI 1555 vAyavazazlokI--dAya para dasa zArdUlavikrIDita chandoM meM dAyabhAga-vaidyanAtha dvaaraa| (barnela dvArA maMgalora meM prkaa0)| TI0 vAsudeva ke dAyabhAgakArikA-mohanacandra vidyAvAcaspati dvaaraa| putra durjaya dvaaraa| no0 nyU0 (1, 172) / vAyavIpa-dAyabhAga kI ttiikaa| de0 'daaybhaag'| dAyabhAganirNaya-(yA vinirNaya) kAmadeva dvArA / iNDi0 bAyanirNaya---gopAla paMcAnana dvaaraa| raghunandana ke dAya- A0 (pR0 463) / / tattva kA sNkssep| dAyabhAganirNaya-bhaTToji dvArA (pITarsana, 6vIM riporTa, hAyanirNaya-vidyAdhara dvaaraa| saM0 84) / bAyanirNaya-zrIkara zarmA dvaaraa| madanapArijAta, dAya- dAyabhAganirNaya--vyAsadeva dvaaraa| bhAga evaM vAcaspati ke uddharaNa haiN| iNDi0 A0, dAyabhAganirNaya-zrIkara dvArA; de0 dAyanirNaya (uupr)| 3, 50 462, saM0 1523; kintu saM0 1524 se dAyabhAgaviveka-(dAyarahasya) rAmanAtha vidyAvAcaspati prakaTa hai ki gopAla evaM zrIkara zarmA ke madhya zaMkA dvaaraa| jImUtavAhana ke dAyabhAga para eka TI0, utpanna ho gayI hai| 1657 I0 meM praNIta / smRtiratnAvali kA eka aMza / bAyabhAga-jImatavAhana dvaaraa| de0 praka0 78 / no0 (jilda 5, 10 154) / prasannakumAra ThAkura ke lie bharatacandra dvArA7 TIkAoM dAyabhAgavyavasthA--sArvabhauma dvaaraa| ATha taraMgoM meN|| ke sAtha prakA0 (1863-66) / TI0 dAyabhAga- zaka (zAkegnimaGgalaharAsyakalAnidhAne) 1583 prabodhinI (kalakattA meM prakA0, 1893-1898) / (1661-2 I0) meM rAghava ke lie praNIta / TI0 dAyabhAgasiddhAntakumudacandrikA, haridAsa tarkA- dAyabhAgavyavasthAsaMkSepa-gaNezabhaTTa dvArA (vyavasthAcArya ke putra acyuta cakravartI dvArA; zrInAtha kI saMkSepa kA bhaag)| TIkA kI AlocanA hai; mahezvara evaM zrIkRSNa dvArA dAyabhAgasiddhAnta-balabhadra tarkavAgIza bhaTTAcArya dvArA u0; 1500-1550 ii0| TI0 umAzaMkara dvaaraa| (iNDi0 A0, pR0 465) / TI. kRSNakAnta zarmA dvaaraa| TI0 gaMgAdhara dvaaraa| dAyabhAgasiddhAntakumudacandrikA-dAyabhAga kI TI0 (de0 TI. gaMgArAma dvaaraa| TI0 dAyadIpa, zrIkRSNa tarkA- uupr)| laMkAra dvArA (1863 I0 meM prkaa0)| TI0 nIlakaNTha dAyabhAgArthadIpikApadyAvalo-raghumaNi ke ziSya raghurAma dvaaraa| TI0 maNezvara dvArA (AI0 ela0 Ara0, 48, dvaaraa| no0 nyU0 (jilda 1, pR0 174) / 18vIM kalakattA, 702) / TI0 raghunandana dvArA (harihara zatI ke anta meN| ke putra) (1863 I0 meM prkaa0)| TI0 rAmanAtha dAyamuktAvalI--TIkArAma dvaaraa| vidyAvAcaspati dvaaraa| TI0 vivRti yA dIpikA, dAyarahasya--de0 'rAmanAthakRta 'dAyabhAgaviveka' / zrInAtha AcAryacUDAmaNi ke putra rAmabhadra dvArA; dAyavibhAga--kamalAkara dvaaraa| acyuta kI TIkA (1863 I0 meM prakA0) meM u0| dAyasaMkSepa-bAgezabhaTTa dvaaraa| TI0 zrIkarAcArya ke putra zrInAtha dvArA; acyuta dAyasaMgrahazlokadazakavyAkhyA-vAsudeva ke putra durjaya (1863 I0 meM prakA0) dvArA Alocita; 1475- dvaaraa| de0 'daaydshshloko'| 1525 ii0| TI0 sadAziva dvaaraa| TI0 hari- dAyAdhikArakramasaMgraha--zrIkRSNa tarkAlaGkAra dvaaraa| dIkSita dvaaraa| dAyAdhikArakamasaMgraha-kRSNa yA jayakRSNa tarkAlaMkAra dAyabhAga-varadarAja ke vyavahAranirNaya kA eka aNsh| dvaaraa| alavara (saM0 1356) / yaha pUrvavartI hI hai, bAyabhAga-jagannAtha ke vivAdabhaMgArNava kA eka aNsh| aisA pratIta hotA hai|

Page #563
1556 bAyAdhikArakrama - lakSmInArAyaNa dvArA / bAmyakRta dharmazAstra - (zrAddha para) Da0 kA 0 ( pANDu 0 saM0 267, 1887-91) prayoga para kucha padya - vacana bhI haiM / divyasaMgraha --- sadAnanda dvArA / bAmyapaddhati-bar3odA (saM0 8156) mRtyu evaM mRtyU - divyasahakArikA - divyasiMha dvaaraa| unake kAladIpa parAnta ke kRtyoM para / evaM zrAddhadIpa kA padya meM saMkSepa / bAsIvAna / dharmazAstra kA itihAsa hAdikarmapaddhati | dinakaroyota - ( yA zivabumaNidIpikA) nArAyaNabhaTTAtmaja rAmakRSNa ke putra dinakara (divAkara) dvArA Arambhita evaM unake putra vizvezvara ( gAgAbhaTTa) dvArA samApta / AcAra, Azauca, kAla, dAna, pUrta pratiSThA, prAyazcitta, vyavahAra, varSa kRtya, vrata, zUdra, zrAddha evaM saMskAra ke prakaraNa haiN| vinatrayanirNaya - vidyAdhIza muni kRta / vinatrayamImAMsA - nArAyaNa dvArA (mAdhva anuyAyiyoM ke lie)| vinadIpikA / vinabhAskara -- zambhunAtha siddhAntavAgIza kRta / gRhasthoM Ahnika kRtyoM kA saMgraha / laga0 1715 I0 / divaspatisaMgraha --- jImUtavAhana ke kAlaviveka meM va0 / divodAsaprakAza-- divAkara kI kAlanirNayacandrikA meM 10 / vivovAsIya - ni0 si0, vidhAnapArijAta, zuddhicandrikA dvArA ba0 / 1500 I0 ke pUrva / sambhavataH yaha divodAsaprakAza hI hai| vivyatasya -- raghunandana kRta / de0 praka0 102 / TI0 laghuTIkA, mathurAnAtha zukla dvArA / vidhyatatva - (yA tantrakaumudI ) devanAtha dvArA va0 / kevala vaiSNavakRtya varNita haiN| mitra, no0 (jilda 6, pR0 32) / pANDu0 zaka saM0 1551 (162930 I0 ) meM utArI gayI / viSpadIpikA - dAmodara Thakkura kRta muhammadazAha ke zAsana meM saMgRhIta / no0 (jilda 5, pR0 282) / vigyanirNaya - dAmodara Thakkura kRta saMgrAmazAha ke rAjya meM saMgRhIta / no0 ( jilda 6, pR0 40 ) / 1575 I0 ke pUrva / de0 dAmodara kRta 'vivekadIpaka' / divyAnuSThAnapaddhati -- rAmezvara bhaTTa ke putra nArAyaNa bhaTTa dvArA / de0 praka0 103 / no0 nyU0 (jilda 3, pR0 92 ) / dIkSAtatva - raghunandana dvArA / de0 praka0 102 / dIkSAtatvaprakAzikA -- rAmakizora kRta ( kaiTalaoNga, saM0 evaM prAkRta sI0 saM0 2202) / dIkSAnirNaya / dIpakalikA --- zUlapANi kRta / yAjJavalkyasmRti ke Upara TI0 / de0 praka0 95 / dIpadAna / alpadAnavidhi yA kArikA / dIpamAlikA / dIpabhAddha / dIpikA -- katipaya granthoM ke sAtha yaha nAma saMlagna hai, yathA -- kAlanirNayadIpikA, zrAddhadIpikA Adi / dIpotsavanirNaya-bar3odA (saM0 10625, tithi 1757 saMvat ) / durgabhaJjana -- ( yA smRtidurgabhaJjana) navadvIpa ke vArendra brAhmaNa candrazekhara zarmA dvaaraa| cAra adhyAyoM meM; tithi, mAsa, dhArmika kRtyoM ke adhikArI (yathA durgApUjA, upavAsa) evaM prAyazcitta para / dharmasambandhI sandehoM ko dUra karatA hai| durgAtatva - dekhie durgotsavatattva / durgAtatva - rAghavabhaTTa dvArA / durgApurazcaraNapaddhati | durgAbhaktitaraMgiNI -- ( yA durgotsavapaddhati) mithilA ke sahadeva kI kahI gayI hai; vidyApati dvArA praNIta / yaha unakA antima grantha hai| narasiMha ke putra dhorasiMha evaM usake bhAI bhairavendra ( yahA~ rUpanArAyaNa, yadyapi

Page #564
dharmazAstrIya pranyasUcI anyatra harinArAyaNa nAma AyA hai) kI prazaMsA gajapati ke Adeza para bhAratIbhUSaNa varSamAna hai (de0 iNDi0 aiNTI0, jilda 14, pR0 193) / dvaaraa| laga01438; kalakattA meM, san 1909 meM prkaa0| durgotsavatasva--raghunandana dvaaraa| de0 praka0 102 / ratnAkara kA ullekha hai| durgotsavanirNaya-gopAla dvaaraa| no0 (jilda 6, pR0 miktitaraMgiNI-mAdhava kRt| 210) / durgAbhaktiprakAza----durgotsavatattva meM raghunandana dvArA durgotsavanirNaya--nyAyapaMcAnana dvArA (nAma nahIM diyA 20 / huA hai)| mitra ne ise uparyukta se bhinna, kintu durgAbhaksilaharI--raghUttama tIrtha dvaaraa| . aupherUTa ne vahI mAnA hai| no0 (jilda 7, pR07)| durbinklptk| durgotsavapaddhati--de0 'durgaabhktitrNginnii'| durgAnAmRtarahasya---mathurAnAtha zukla dvaaraa| durgotsavapramANa--raghunandana dvaaraa| kalakattA saM0 kA. durgA kAlaniSkarSa--madhusUdana vAcaspati dvaaraa| pANDu0 (jilda 2, pR0 310-311 saM0 337) / no0 nyU0 (jilda 1, pR0 81) / durgotsavaviveka--zUlapANi dvaaraa| de0 praka0 95 / durgAkomubI--paramAnanda shrmaa|| durgotsavaviveka--zrInAtha AcAryacUr3AmaNi dvaaraa| durgA makara--kAlIcaraNa dvaaraa| do khaNDoM meM, prayama duSTarajodarzanazAnti--(nArAyaNa bhaTTa ke prayogarala se)| meM jagaddhAtrIpUjA aura dvitIya meM kAlikA pUjA hai| duutyoglkssnn| isane durgApUjA ko kArtika zukla navamI ke dina mAnA duutlkssnn| hai, kintu prasiddha durgApUjA Azvina meM hotI hai| dUlAlIya--dUlAla dvaaraa| durgArNava-dharmapravRtti meM v0| devajAnIya--ni0 si0, vivAnapArijAta, AcAraratna durgAvatIprakAza--(samayAloka) balabhadra ke putra padmanAbha (lakSmaNakRta) meM v0| 1600 I0 ke pUrva / dvaaraa| sAta AlokoM meN| narmadA para sthita rAjya devatAvAri ke zAsaka evaM vIrasAhi ke pitA dalapati kI rAnI devatilakapaddhati-- (lakSmI ke saMga viSNu kI mUrti kA durgAvatI ke Azraya meM prnniit| de0 bIkAnera (pR0 vivAha) / no0 nyU0 (1, pR0 179) / 450) evaM iNDi0 A0 (pR0 536, saM0 1680) / devadAsaprakAza-(yA sadgranthacUr3AmaNi) gautamagotrIya dvaitanirNaya meM zaMkarabhaTTa dvArA va0 evaM nirNayAmRta, arjunAtmaja nAmadeva ke putra devadAsa mizra dvaaraa| madanapArijAta evaM madanaratna kA ullekha hai| zrAddha, Azauca, malamAsa Adi para vizada nibandha / 1460-1550 I. ke biic| tithiyoM, saMkrAnti, lekhaka ke anusAra kalpataru, karka, kRtyadIpa, smRtisAra, malamAsa Adi para nirNayoM meM vivecana hai| kyA yaha mitAkSarA, kRtyArNava para aadhRt| 1350-1500 dalapati nasiMhaprasAda kA lekhaka hai? sAta prakaraNa I0 ke biic| bar3odA (saM0 558) / haiM, gathA-samaya, vata, AcAra, vyavahAra, dAna, zuddhi, devadAsIya--ni0 si0, vidhAnapArijAta, zrAddhamayUkha meM IzvarArAdhana (yA puujaa)| va0 (sambhavataH yaha uparyukta hI hai)| durgotsavakRtyakaumudI-zambhunAtha siddhAntavAgIza dvaaraa| devapaddhati-anantadeva ke rudrakalpadruma meM v0| sambhavataH saMvatsarapradIpa evaM varSakRtya kA ullekha hai| lekhaka anantadIkSita kI mhaarudrpddhti| . kAmarUpa ke rAjA kI sabhA kA paNDita thaa| laga0 devapratiSThAtasva-(yA pratiSThAtattva) raghunandana kRt| 1715 ii.| de0 praka0 102 / durgotsavamanikA-ur3IsA ke rAjakumAra rAmacandradeva devprtisstthaapti| -

Page #565
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa devapratiSThAprayoga-gaMgAdhara dIkSita ke putra zyAmasundara evaM mRtyu-tithi saM0 1781 hai| sana 1906 meM dvaaraa| prkaashit| revapratiSThAviSi---bIkAnera (pR0 380) / braahmaaynngaaprishisstt| devayAnikapaDati--(yajurvedIya) devayAjJika kRta (kAzI braahmaaynngRhypuurvaaprpryog| saM0 sI0 meM prkaa0)| prAmAyaNagRhyasUtra-dekhie khaadirgRhysuutr| AnandAdevalasmRti-de0 praka0 23; AnandAzrama dvArA prakA0 zrama presa (pUnA) meM mudrita, TIkA ke saath| TI. (pR. 85-89) / rudraskanda dvaaraa| TI. subodhinI, zrInivAsa dvaaraa| devasthApanakomubI-ballAla ke putra zaMkara dvArA (upAdhi brAhmAyaNagRhyasUtrakArikA-bAlAgnihotrI dvaaraa| ghAre) / bar3odA (saM0 1464) / brAhmAyaNagRhyasUtraprayoga--vinatAnandana dvaaraa| devAlayapratiSThAviSi-ramApati dvaaraa| dronncintaamnni| devIparicaryA-ahalyAkAmadhenu meM v0| dvaatriNshtkrmpddhti| devIpUjanabhAskara--zambhunAtha siddhAntavAgIza dvaaraa| dvAtriMzadaparAdha--bar3odA (saM0 12225) / no0 (jilda 1, pR. 154) ne samAptikAla diyA dvaadshmaasdeydaanrtnaakr| hai-'khayu mizive zAke nizAcaratithau shubhe'| dvAdazayAtrAtasva--(yA dvAdazayAtrApramANatattva) raghudevIpUjApati--caitanyagiri dvaaraa| nandanakRta / jagannAthapurI meM viSNu kI 12 pAtrAoM deshaantrmRtkriyaaniruupnn| yA utsavoM pr| dehazuddhiprAyazcita--auphesTa (673) / dvAdazayAtrAprayoga--vidyAnivAsa dvArA (jagannAtha ke vaivAcintAmaNi--ToDarAnanda meM v0| viSaya meM) no0 nyU0 (1, pR0 194) / vajJamanohara---lakSmIdhara dvaaraa| raghu ke jyotistattva, dvaadshvissputrmiimaaNsaa| malamAsatattva meM evaM ToDarAnanda tathA ni0 si0 meM dvaadshaahkrmvidhi| v0| jyotiSa-sambandhI grantha / 1500 I. ke puurv| vijakalpalatA--chaH ullAsoM meM parazurAma dvaaraa| hulza devAvallabha-nIlakaNTha yA zrIpati dvArA; ni0 si. meM (3, pR0 60) / va0 (sambhavataH kevala jyotiss-grnth)| dvijraajody| bolyaatraa| dvijAhikapati-halAyudha ke jyeSThabhrAtA IzAna dvaaraa| bolayAtrAtattva--(yA dolayAtrApramANatattva) raghu0 laga0 1170-1200 I0 / dvaaraa| de0 praka9 103 / no0 nyU0 (jilda 1, pR0 dvibhaaryaagni| 191) / dvividhajalAzayotsargapramANadarzana--buddhikara zukla dvaaraa| volayAtrAmRtaviveka-zUlapANi dvaaraa| de0 praka0 95 / vispttivaad| bolAyAtrAmRta--nArAyaNa tarkAcArya dvaaraa| dvaitatasva-siddhAntapaJcAnana kRt| bolArohaNapati-vidyAnivAsa dvaaraa| dvatanirNaya--candrazekhara vAcaspati (vidyAbhUSaNa ke putra) dravyamuddhi-raghunAtha dvaaraa| dvArA / kalakattA saMskRta kAleja pANDu0 (jilda 2, dravyazudidIpikA-pItAmbara ke putra puruSottama dvaaraa| pR0 79) / lekhaka ne apane ko 'zrImadvallabhAcAryacaraNAbjadAsa- dvaitanirNaya--narahari dvaaraa| kSayamAsAdiviveka meM ratnadAsa' kahA hai| ni0si0, zuddhimayUkha, dinakarodyota pANi dvArA u0| ratnAkara kA ullekha hai| ke uddharaNa haiN| janmatithi saM0 1724 (1668 I0) dvatanirNaya--vAcaspati mitra dvaaraa| de0 praka0 98 //

Page #566
dharmazAstrIya pratyatI TI. prakAza yA jIrNoddhAra, madhusUdana mizra dvaaraa| dharmakAriphA-(lekhaka ajJAta) vibhinna lekhakoM kI TI0 pradIpa yA kAdambarI, gokulanAtha dvArA (iNDi0 508 kArikAoM kA sNgrh| ni0 si0, kaustubha, A0, jilda 3, pR. 488) / kAlatattvavivecana evaM mayUkha kA ullekha hai, ataH datanirNaya-zaMkarabhaTTa dvaaraa| laga0 1580-1600; 1680 I0 ke uparAnta (de0 bI0 bI0 Ara0 dharma-sambandhI sandehAtmaka bAtoM pr| (de0 enalsa, e0 esa0, pR0 219, saM0 691) / bhaNDArakara insTIcyUTa, jilda 3, bhAga 2, pR0 barmakoza-trilocana mizra dvaaraa| varSamAna dvArA evaM 67-72) / Ahikatattva meM v0| vyavahArapadoM, dAyabhAga, RNAtanirNaya-vizvanAtha ne vratarAja meM apane pitAmaha dvArA dAna Adi kA varNana hai| praNIta kahA hai| 17vIM zatI kA uttraarss| dharmacana-bhAradvAja gotra ke rAmarAyAtmaja govitanirNayapariziSTa-(yA dvaitapariziSTa) kezava mizra ndarAya ke putra kezavarAya dvaaraa| AzvalAyanagRhya dvArA; ratnapANi dvArA v0| do paricchedoM meN| aura isake pariziSTa para aavRt| AcAra Adi zrAjoM pr| de0 mitra, no0 (5, pR0 186) / para kaI kiraNoM meM vibhkt| bar3odA (saM05860, daitanirNayapariziSTa-zaMkara bhaTTa ke putra dAmodara dvaaraa| tithi saMvat 1810) / laga0 1600-1640 ii0| dharmatatvakamalAkara-rAmakRSNa ke putra kamalAkara bhaTTa tanirNayaphakkikA-vaitanirNayapariziSTa meM v0| dvaaraa| vrata, dAna, karmavipAka, zAnti, pUrta, AcAra, tinirNayasaMgraha-vidyAbhUSaNa ke putra candrazekhara vAcaspati vyavahAra, prAyazcitta, zUdradharma evaM tIrtha para 10 paricchedoM meM vibhkt| bIkAnera (pR0 99) / tinirNayasivAntasaMgraha-zaMkara bhaTTa (jinake baitanirNaya dharmatasyakalAniSi-nAgamalla ke putra pRthvIcandra dvaaraa| kA yahAM sakSepa diyA gayA hai) ke putra nIlakaNThAtmaja inake viruddha haiM kalikAlakarNapratApa, paramavaiSNava / bhAnubhaTTa dvaaraa| laga0 1640-1670 ii0| 10 prakAzoM meM vibhakta, sAtavA~ Azauca para hai| ratanirNayAmRta--raghunandana ke dAyabhAgatattva meM v0| bar3odA (saM0 4006) / resaviSayaviveka-bhAveza ke putra varSamAna dvaaraa| laga0 dharmatattvaprakAza-karpUra grAma ke govinda dIkSita ke putra 1500 / ziva caturdhara dvaaraa| 1698 zaka (nAgAMkarasabhU) mAmuSpAyanirNaya-(yA nirNayendu) naidhruva gotraja meM praNIta (prayAga meM gaMgA para pratiSThAna meN)| hulza kRSNa-garjara ke putra vizvanAtha dvaaraa| baDodA (saM0 (saM03, 505) ne galata kahA hai ki isakI tithi 12708) / dinakarodghota, kaustubha kA varNana hai| 1746 I0 hai, yadyapi uddharaNa 84 meM unhoMne 'nAgA1680 I. ke uparAnta / rasabhUzAke' diyA hai| banajAyasaMgraha-raghunandana dvArA tithitattva meM v0| dharmatasvasaMgraha-mahAdeva dvaaraa| balamAgaviveka-de0 'bhaagvivek'| dhrmttvaarsscintaamnni| pnisstthaapNck| dharmatatvAvaloka-de0 govindArNava (arthAt smRtimanurvivAdIpikA--ni0 si0 meM kamalAkara dvArA v0| saagr)| banurvedacintAmaNi-narasiMha bhaTTa / dharmavIpa-divAkara kI AhnikacandrikA meM v0| manurvedasaMgraha-(vIracintAmaNi) zAGgadhara dvaaraa| dharmadIpikA-(yA smRtipradIpikA) candrazekhara vAcaanurvedasaMhitA-vasiSTha dvaaraa| mahArAja kumudacandra spati dvaaraa| dharma kI virodhI uktiyoM kA samAdhAna sI0 meM kalakattA se prkaa| pAyA jAtA hai|

Page #567
1560 parmazAstra kA itihAsa dharmavaitanirNaya-de0 zaGkarabhaTTaracita 'dvaitnirnny'|| nirNaya, madanapArijAta, pragogapArijAta, mahArNava, dharmanibandha-rAmakRSNa paNDita dvaaraa| anantAcArya, kAlAdarza, nArAyaNavRtti (AzvalAyana dhrmnibndhn| para) kA ullekha hai| nandapaNDita (zrAddhakalpalatA) dharmanirNaya-kRSNatAtAcArya kRta / dvArA va0 / iNDi0 A0 (pR0 480, saM0 1560); dharmapaddhati---nArAyaNa bhaTTa dvaaraa| tithi saM0 1659 (1602-3) ataH 1400dharmaparIkSA-maJjaradAsa dvaaraa| 1600 ke biic| de0 praka0 103 / dharmaprakAza-mAdhava dvaaraa| i0 kA0 (saM0 221, dharmaprazna--(ApastambIya) ApastambadharmasUtra kA eka 1886-92) / samayAloka, arthAt caitra evaM anya aNsh| mAsoM ke vratoM pr| mAdhavIya, vAcaspati mizra, dhrmbindu| purANasamuccaya kA ullekha hai| 1500 I. ke dhrmbodhn| upraant| dharmabhASya--smRticandrikA evaM hemAdri (3, 2, 747) dharmaprakAza-(yA sarvadharmaprakAza) nArAyaNa bhaTTa evaM dvArA 20 / pArvatI ke putra zaGkarabhaTTa dvaaraa| 16vIM zatI kA dharmamArganirNaya-bar3odA (saM0 11821) / uttarArdha / medhAtithi, aparArka, vijJAnezvara, smRtyartha- dharmarala-jImUtavAhana dvArA eka nibandha, jisake kAlasAra, kAlAdarza, candrikA, hemAdri, mAdhava, nRsiMha viveka evaM dAyabhAga aMza haiN| evaM tristhalIsetu kA anusaraNa hai / lekhaka kI zAstra- dharmarala-bhaTTArakabhaTTa ke putra bhayAbhaTTa dvaaraa| Ahnika dIpikA kA bhI ullekha hai| isake saMskAra saMbandhI aura anya viSayoM para dIdhitiyoM meM vibhakta / bhAga ke lie de0 iNDi0 A0 (3, pR0 482, saM0 dharmaratnAkara-rAmezvara bhaTTa dvaaraa| dharmasvarUpa, tithi1564)| __ mAsalakSaNa, pratipadAdiSu vihitakRtya vidhAna, upavAsa, dharmapradIpa-(yA dIpa) smaticandrikA (AzaucakhaNDa), yagAdinirUpaNa, saMkrAnti, adabhata, Azauca, zrAddha, zUlapANi (prAyazcittaviveka), raghunandana (zuddhitattva), vedAdhyayana, anadhyAya Adi pr| kAlAdarza Adi dvArA v0| dharmavivRtti-madanapAri0 (pR0 772) dvArA pariSaddharmapradIpa-gaMgAbhaTa dvaaraa| nirmANa, saMskAramayUkha, prAyazcittamayUkha meM va0 / dharmapradIpa--dhanaJjaya dvaaraa| no0 nyU0 (2, pR0 46) madanapA0 (pR0 753) ne prAyazcitta para eka dharma(kevala gotra pr)| vRtti u0 kI hai| sambhavataH donoM eka hI haiM aura dharmapradIpa-varSamAna dvaaraa| uparyukta dharmabhASya' hI hai| dharmapradIpa-bhoja dvaaraa| de0 praka0 64, 1400-1600 dharmaviveka-candrazekhara dvaaraa| mImAMsA ke nyAyoM kI I. ke madhya meN| vyAkhyA hai| dharmapradIpikA--abhinavaSaDazIti pr| veMkaTeza ke putra dharmaviveka-dAmodara evaM hIrA ke putra tathA bhIma subrahmaNya dvaaraa| ke pautra vizvakarmA dvaaraa| ATha kANDoM meM dharmapravRtti-nArAyaNa bhaTTa dvaaraa| zaMkarabhaTTa (dvaitanirNaya), upavAsa evaM utsavoM pr| kAlamAdhava, madanaratna, nandapaNDita (zuddhicandrikA) evaM vyavahAramayUkha dvArA hemAdrisiddhAntasaMgraha ke uddharaNa haiN| 1450varNita / Ahnika, zauca, garbhAdhAna evaM anya saMskAroM, 1525 I0 ke biic| dekhie vistAra ke lie gotranirNaya, zrAddha, Azauca, dAna, prAyazcitta, tithi- alavara (uddharaNa 320) / pANDu0 kI tithi saM0 nirNaya, sthAlIpAka para vivecana hai| mAdhavIya kAla- 1583 hai|

Page #568
dharmazAstrIya pratvasUcI dharmavivecana--rAmazaMkara ke putra rAmasubrahmaNya zAstrI dharmAnubandhizloka-kRSNapaNDita dvaaraa| TI. rAma dvaaraa| paNDita dvaaraa| dhrmshaastrkaarikaa| dharmAdharmaprabodhinI-indrapati kkura ke putra premanidhi dharmazAstranibandha-phakIracandra dvaaraa| Thakkura dvaaraa| lekhaka nijAmazAha ke rAjya meM mAhidharmazAstrasaMgraha-zrAddha para smRti-vacanoM kA sNgrh| SmatI kA vAsI thA, kintu usane saM0 1410 (1353bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 es. (pR. 219, saM0 54 I0) meM mithilA meM apanA nibandha saMgRhIta kiyaa| 692) / Ahnika, pUjA, zrAddha, Azauca, zuddhi, vivAha, dhArmika dharmazAstrasaMgraha-vaidyanAtha evaM lakSmI ke putra bAlazarma- dAnoM, Apavarma,vaikalpika bhoja,tIrthayAtrA,prAyazcitta, pAyaguNDe dvaaraa| iNDi0 A0 (pR0 548) / de0 karmavipAka, sarvasAdhAraNa ke kartavya para 12 adhyAyoM praka0 111 / laga0 1800 ii0| meN| de0 no0 (jilda 6, pR0 18-20) / mhaadhrmshaastrsrvsv-bhttttoji| 1600-1650 ii0| mahopAdhyAya cakravartI (je0 e0 esa0 bI0, 1915 dhrmshaastrsudhaanissi-divaakrkRt| 1686 I0 meM I0, pR0 393-393) ke mata se saM0 1410 zaka praNIta / de0 'aacaaraark'| hai, kyoMki mithilA meM vikrama saM0 pracalita nahIM dharmasaMhitA--(yA dharmasmRti) jImUta0 ke kAlaviveka / thaa| kintu yaha yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| meM v.| dhrmaadhrmvyvsthaa| dharmasaMgraha-nArAyaNazarmA dvaaraa| dharmAvabodha-rAmacandra dvaaraa| dharmasaMgraha-harizcandra dvaaraa| dharmAmRta-tattvAmRtasAroddhAra meM vardhamAna dvArA va0 / dharmasaMpradAyavIpikA-Ananda dvaaraa| sambhavataH yaha koI grantha nahIM hai| pratIta hotA dharmasAra--puruSottama dvaaraa| pANDu * za0 saM0 1607 hai ki yaha dharma sambandhI granthoM kI ora saMketa __ meM utArI gayo, ha0pra0, pR0 15 / / mAtra hai| dharmasAra-prabhAkara dvaaraa| AcAramayUkha dvArA v0| dharmAmRtamahodadhi-anantadeva ke putra raghunAtha dvaaraa| 1600 I0 ke puurv| dharmAmbhoSi--yaha anUpavilAsa hI hai| dharmasArasamuccaya---yaha 'caturvizatismRtidharmasArasamu- dharmArNava-kAzyapAcArya ke putra pItAmbara dvaaraa| de0 jcaya hI hai| bIkAnera, pR0 383 (tithinirNaya para), pANDu. parnasArasudhAniSi-divAkara kAla kI AhnikacandrikA 1681 I0 kI hai| evaM bhaTToji dvArA caturvizatimata kI TI0 meM va0 / de0 dhavalanibandha-nArAyaNa kI antyeSTipaddhati meM, raghunandana bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 esa0 (pR0 216) / dvArA tathA nirNayAmRta meM v0| dharmasindhu-(yA dharmasindhusAra) kAzInAtha (urpha bAbA dhavalasaMgraha-jImUta0 ke kAlaviveka evaM gadAghara ke pAdhye) dvaaraa| de0 praka0 112 / kAlasAra meM va0 / saMbhavataH dhavalanibandha evaM dhavaladharmasindhu-maNirAma dvaaraa| saMgraha donoM eka hI haiN| dharmasubodhinI-nArAyaNa dvaaraa| vijJAnezvara, mAdhava dhAnyAcalAdivAnatattva-no0 nyU0 (2, pR0 88) / evaM madanaratna dvArA varNita / dhvajocchAya-pUrtakamalAkara se|| dharmasetu-(vyavahAra para) parAzara gotra ke tirmala dvaaraa| naktakAlanirNaya / vijJAnezvara u0 haiN| nksstryogdaan| parmasetu-raghunAtha dvaaraa| eka vizada grantha / maatrvimaan|

Page #569
1562 nakSatrazAnti - baudhAyana dvArA / Da0 kA0 (saM0 97, 1882-83) / nayamaNimAlikA / varNazAstra kA itihAsa confusena - (yA zrAddhakalpasUtra, chaThA kAtyAyana pariziSTa ) de0 'zrAddhakalpa' / TI0 karka dvaaraa| TI0 zrAddhakAzikA, viSNumizra ke putra kRSNa mizra dvArA / san 1448-49 meM praNIta / TI0 zrAddhakalpasUtrapaddhati, anantadevakRta / nAgabalisaMskAra / navagrahavAna / navagrahamakha -- vasiSTha kA kahA gayA hai| navagrahayajJa - bar3odA (saM0 2279 ) / navagrahazAnti - de0 'vAsiSThI' | navagrahazAntipaddhati ---- sAmavediyoM ke lie, vizrAma ke putra zivarAma dvArA / iNDi0 A0 ( pR0 570 ) / pANDu 0 saM0 1806 (1749 I0) meM / navagrahasthApanA - bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 esa0 (jilda 2, pR0 243) / navagrahahoma | nAgArjunIyadharmazAstra --- AcAra, vizeSataH strI - dharma para / nAnAzAstrArthanirNaya --- bhaveza ke putra vardhamAna dvArA / laga0 1500 I0 / nadImukhAddhaprayoga | nAndIzrAddhapaddhati - gaNezvara ke putra rAmadatta mantrI dvArA / 14vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha / nAradasmRti- -DA0 jaoNlI dvArA smpaadit| TI0 asahAya dvArA; kalyANabhaTTa dvArA saMzodhita / TI0 ramAnAtha dvArA / nAradIya -- samayamayUkha evaM anya mayUkhoM meM va0 / sambhavataH nAradapurANa / navanItanibandha - rAmajI dvArA / kyA yaha nibandhanavanIta hI hai ? navamUrtipratiSThAvidhi / nArAyaNadharma sArasaMgraha | nArAyaNapaddhati - raghu0 ke jyotistattva evaM malamAsa tattva navaratnadAna | meM va0 / navaratnamAlA--prahlAdabhaTTa dvArA ! nArAyaNaprabootsava | navarAtrakRtya / nArAyaNabalipaddhati - dAlabhya dvaaraa| bar3odA (saM0 navarAtranirNaya- gopAla vyAsa dvArA / 11497) / navarAtrapradIpa --- nandapaNDita dvArA / sarasvatIbhavana (sI0 nArAyaNabaliprayoga--- rAmakRSNa ke putra kamalAkara dvArA / nArAyaNabhaTTI - yaha nArAyaNa bhaTTa kA prayogaratna evaM antyeSTipaddhati hai / (saM0 10219) / navAsavidhi / saM0 23) dvArA prakA0 / navavivekadIpikA - varadarAja dvArA / navAnnabhASyanirNaya - gaurInAthacakravartI dvaaraa| bar3odA naaraaynnmishriiy| nAgadevAhnika- zUdrakamalAkara meM va0 / 1600 I0 ke pUrva / mAgavenIya - - AcAramayUkha meM va0 / yaha 'nAgadevAhnika' hI hai, aisA lagatA hai| nAgapratiSThA - baudhAyana dvArA / mAgapratiSThA - zaunaka dvArA / nAgabali zaunaka dvArA / mabhyadharmapradIpa --- trilokacandra evaM kRSNacandra ke saMrakSaNa meM jayarAma ke ziSya kRpArAma dvArA / AzrayadAtA 18vIM zatI ke uttarArdha meM baMgAla ke jamIndAra the / no0 nyU0 (2, pR0 92 ) / nArAyaNavRtti - AcAramayUkha meM va0 / sambhavataH nArAyaNa dvArA AzvalAyanagRhya para TI0 / nArAyaNasmRti - aparArka dvArA u0 / nityakarmapaddhati - bar3odA (saM0 603), tithi saM0 1547 (1490-1 I0 ) / nityakarmapaddhati mAdhyandinazAkhA ke prabhAkara nAyaka ke

Page #570
dharmazAstrIya granyasUcI putra zrIdhara dvArA / kAtyAyana para AdhRta / zrIdharapaddhati nAma bhI hai / Da0 kA0 (saM0 228, 188692; naM0 119, 1884-85.) tithi saM0 1434 ( 1377-78 I0 ) / nityakarmaprakAzikA - kulanidhi dvArA / nityakarmalatA - dharmezvara ke putra dhIrendra paMcIbhUSaNa dvArA / nityadAnAvipaddhati -- zAmajit tripAThI dvArA / mahArNava u0 hai / nityasnAnapaddhati kAnhadeva dvArA (bar3odA, saM0 4011) nityAcArapaddhati --- gopAlAnanda dvArA / nityAcArapaddhati -- zambhukara ke putra vidyAkara vAjapeyI dvArA (bibli0 iNDi0 dvArA prakA0 ) / vAjasaneyazAkhA ke lie / 1350-1500 I0 ke bIca / nityAcArapradIpa - murAri ke putra evaM dharAdhara ke pautra evaM vighnezvara ke ziSya kotsavaMza ke narasiMha vAjapeyI dvArA / kAzI meM Akara base the, kula utkala se AyA thA / kalpataru, prapaMcasAra, mAghavIya ko u0 karatA hai / 1400 I0 ke uparAnta ( bibli0 iNDi0, pR0 1-725 dvArA prakA0 ) / (uddharaNa 322) / alavara nityAdarza -- kAlAdarza ( AdityabhaTTakRta ) meM va0 / nityAnuSThAnapaddhati - balabhadra dvArA / nibandhacUDAmaNi -- yazodhara dvArA ( bIkAnera, pR0 322) / 62 adhyAyoM meM zAntikarmoM kA vivaraNa hai | nibandhana -- sarasvatIvilAsa meM va0 / nibandhanavanIta-- rAmajit dvArA / sAmAnyatithinirNaya, vratavizeSa nirNaya, upAkarmakAla evaM zrAddhakAla nAmaka cAra AsvAdoM meM vibhakta / anantabhaTTa, hemAdri, mAdhava evaM nirNayAmRta prAmANika rUpa meM ullikhita haiN| Da0 kA0 (saM0 102, 1882-83; pANDu 0 saM0 1673 meM ) / laga0 1400-1600 I0 ke madhya meN| nibandharAja - de0 'samayaprakAza' ke antargata / nibandhaziromaNi - nRsiMha dvArA (bar3odA, saM0 4012 evaM 124 1563 9212) / saMskAroM, bAra, nakSatra Adi jyotiSa ke viSayoM para, anupanItadharma, karmavipAka para eka vizAla grantha / nibandhasarvasva zrIpati ke putra mahAdeva dvArA | de0 prAyazcittAdhyAya / isI nAma kA eka grantha nRsiMhaprasAda meM va0 hai / nibandhasAra - zrInAtha ke putra vaciya dvArA / AcAra, vyavahAra evaM prAyazcitta ke tIna adhyAyoM meM eka vizAla grantha / 40 kA0 (saM0 123, 1884-86 ) tithi saM0 1632 / dharmapravRtti meM va0 / nibandhasiddhAntabodha - gaMgArAma dvArA / nirNayakaustubha - vizvezvara dvaaraa| raghunandana dvArA evaM saMskAra bhAskara meM zaMkara dvArA va0 / nirNayacandrikA - nArAyaNa bhaTTa ke putra zaMkarabhaTTa dvArA / nirbhayacintAmaNividura ke putra, gobhila gotra ke vaizya zrI rAjajAlamadAsa ke kahane para, viSNuzarmA mahAyAjJika dvArA / sTIna ( pR0 308, malamAsa para eka aMza hai ) / nirNayatasva - ziva ke putra 'nAgadaivajJa dvaaraa| AcAramayUkha meM uddhRta AcArapradIpa ke lekhaka / 1450 I0 ke pUrva (alavara, saM0 1256 ) / nirNayataraNi / nirNayadarpaNa - gaNezAcArya dvArA (senTrala prAviseja kaiTa lAga, saM0 2599) / nirNayadarpaNa - tArApati Thakkura ke putra zivAnanda dvArA / zrAddha evaM anya kRtyoM para / nirNayadIpa - ni0 si0 evaM lakSmaNa ke AcAraratna meM va0 / nirNayadIpaka - vatsarAja ke tIna putroM meM eka evaM bhaTTavinAyaka ke ziSya acala dvivedI dvArA / ye vRddhapura ke the aura nAgara brAhmaNoM kI maDoDa zAkhA ke the / inakA viruda thA bhAgavateya / isa grantha ke pUrva inhoMne Rgvedokta mahArudravidhAna likhA thA / yaha grantha zrAddha, Azauca, grahaNa, tithinirNaya, upanayana, vivAha, pratiSThA kI vivecanA upasthita karatA hai| isakI samApti saM0 1575 kI jyeSTha kRSNadvAdazI (1518

Page #571
1564 I0) ko huI / vizvarUpanibandha, dIpikAvivaraNa, nirNayAmRta, kAlAdarza, purANasamuccaya, AcAratilaka ke uddharaNa haiN| alavara (saM0 323) / isameM mAlatI mAdhava kA zloka 'ye nAma kecidiha' hai / naDiyAda meM san 1897 meM prkaashit| TI0 devajAnIya, ni0 si0, vidhAnapArijAta meM va0 / 1520-1600 I0 ke bIca / nirNayadIpikA -- vatsarAja dvArA / nirNayasindhu evaM zrAddhamayUkha meM va0 / sambhavataH yaha acalakRta nirNayadIpaka hI hai| nirNayapIyUSa --- vizvambhara ke smRtisArodvAra meM va0 / nirNayaprakAza / dharmazAstra kA itihAsa nirNayapradIpikAnandapaNDita kI zrAddhakalpalatA meM va0 / nirNaya bindu - mahAdeva ke putra anantadeva dvArA / tithiyoM para / -vakkaNa dvArA / nirNayabindu - nirNayabhAskara - nIlakaNTha dvArA (seNTrala prAviseja, saM0 2600) / nirNayabhAskara ---- pANDu 0 tithi saM0 1725, mAgha ( 1669 I0), poTarsana, chaThI riporTa ( pR0 10 meM) / nirNayamaMjarI -- gaMgAdhara dvArA / nirNayaratnAkara -- gopInAtha bhaTTa dvArA / nirNayaziromaNi - nirNayadIpaka meM evaM ananta dvArA smRtikaustuma meM va0 | 1500 I0 ke pUrva / nirNayAlI - ni0 si0 meM va0 1 nirNayasaMgraha --- pratAparudra dvArA / nirNayasaMgraha -- madhusudana dvArA / nirNaya samudAya / nirNayasAra kSemaMkara dvArA / nirNayasAra - gosvAmI dvArA, se0 prA0 saM0 2602 / nirNayasAra - dIpacandra mizra ke putra nandarAma mizra dvArA tithi, zrAddha Adi chaH paricchedoM meM / vi0 saM0 1836 (1780 I0 ) meM praNIta / nirNayasAra -- bhaTTarAghava dvaaraa| bar3odA (saM0 8670 ) / 1612 I0 ke pazcAt evaM 1700 ke pUrva / nirNayasAra - rAmabhaTTAcArya dvArA / nirNayasAra - lAlamaNi dvArA / nirNayasArasaMgraha - bar3odA (saM0 405 ) / nirNayasiddhAnta - mahAdeva ( sambhavata: kAlanirNaya siddhAnta ke lekhaka) dvArA / nirNayasiddhAnta - raghurAma dvArA ( yaha sambhavataH kAlanirNayasiddhAnta hI hai) / nirNayasindhu -- kamalAkara bhaTTa dvArA / saM0 1668 ( 1612 I0 ) meM praNIta / de0 praka0 106, cau0 saM0 sI0 evaM nirNaya 0 presa dvArA prakA0 / TI0 ratna mAlA yA dIpikA ( kRSNabhaTTa ArDe dvArA racita) | nirNayAnanda -- ahalyA kAmadhenu meM va0 1 nirNayAmRta -- allADa (yATa) nAthasUri (siddha lakSmaNa ke putra) dvArA yamunA para ekacakrapura ke rAjakumAra sUryasena kI AjJA se vircit| isameM ekacakrapura ke bAhubANoM (cAhuvANoM ? ) ke rAjAoM kI tAlikA do huI hai| Arambha meM mitAkSarA, aparArka, arNava, smRticandrikA, dhavala, purANasamuccaya, anantabhaTTIya gRhyapariziSTa, rAmakautuka, saMvatsarapradIpa, devadAsIya, rUpanArAyaNIya, vidyAbhaTTapaddhati, vizvarUpanibandha para grantha kI nirbharatA kI ghoSaNA kI gayI hai / kucha pANDu ke zloka meM hemAdri, kAlAdarza, cintAmaNi kA ullekha hai / kintu hemAdri ke kAlanirNaya ( pR0 (34) ne eka nirNayAmRta kA ullekha kiyA hai| yaha grantha nirNayadIpaka, zrAddhakriyAkaumudI meM va0 hai, ataH tithi 1500 I0 ke pUrva kintu 1250 ke pazcAt kI hai| vrata, tithinirNaya, zrAddha, dravyazuddhi evaM Azauca para cAra prakaraNa haiN| veMkaTezvara pre0 se prakA0 / nirNayAmuta - gopInArAyaNa ( lakSmaNa ke putra) dvArA sUryasena ke adhIna praNIta (kalakattA saM0 kA 0 pANDu0, jilda 2, pR078) | pratIta hotA hai yaha allAr3a kA nirNayAmRta hai, kintu gopInArAyaNa kucha sandeha utpanna karate haiN| bIkAnera ( pR0 426) /

Page #572
dharmazAstrIya pratyasUcI nirNayAmRta--rAmacandra dvaaraa| no0 (jilda 11, 5, pR0 116) / tithi saM0 1550 (1494 ii0)| __ bhUmikA, pR0 4) / lekhana-kAla meM ye navayuvaka the aura veda ko 11 nirNayAmRta-(pAzcAtya) raghunandana ke zuddhitattva meM v0|| prakAra se par3hate the| TI0 yuvadIpikA, lekhaka nirNayANava-bAlakRSNa dIkSita dvaaraa| dvaaraa| TI. vedArthaprakAza, lekhaka dvaaraa| TI. nirNayArthapradIpa--ahalyAkAmadhena meM v0| devarAja dvaaraa| nirNayosAra--(tIrthanirNayoddhAra) rAghavabhaTTa dvaaraa| nItimaMjarI-zambhurAja dvaaraa| daNDaprakaraNa kA eka ni: si0 evaM smRtidarpaNa kA ullekha hai| ataH aMza (barnela, taMjIra, pR0 141 vii)| 1650 I0 ke upraant| alavara (uddharaNa 326), nItimayUkha--nIlakaNTha dvArA (banArasa, je0 Ara0 de0 'tithinirNaya' (raaghvkRt)| gharapure evaM gujarAtI presa, bambaI dvArA prkaa0)| nirNayoDArakhaNDanamaNDana-yajJeza dvArA (bar3odA, saM0 nItimAlA--nArAyaNa dvaaraa| 5247) / rAghavabhaTTa dvArA likhita nirNayoddhAra ke notiratna--vararuci kA kahA gayA hai| viSaya meM uThAye gaye sandehoM kA nivAraNa / nItiratnAkara-gadAdhara ke pitAmaha evaM kAlasAgara ke nItikamalAkara--kamalAkara dvaaraa| lekhaka kRSNabRhatpaNDita mahApAtra dvaaraa| laga0 nItikalpatara--kSemendra dvaaraa| 1450 ii0| nItigabhitazAstra-lakSmIpati dvaaraa| nItiratnAkara-(yA rAjanItiratnAkara) caNDezvara nIticintAmaNi--vAcaspati mizra dvaaraa| dvaaraa| de0 praka0 90; DA0 jAyasavAla dvArA niitidiipikaa| prkaa| nItiprakAza---kulamuni dvaaraa| nItilatA...-kSemendra dvaaraa| lekhaka kI aucityavicAra. notiprakAza---vaizampAyana dvArA (madrAsa meM DA0 AparTa carcA meM v0| 11vIM zatI ke dvitIya evaM tRtIya dvArA sampAdita, 1882) / nItiprakAzikA nAma caraNa meN| bhI hai| rAjadharmopadeza, dhanurvedaviveka, khaDgotpatti, nItivAkyAmRta-mahendradeva ke choTe bhAI evaM nemideva muktAyudhanirUpaNa, senAnayana, sainyaprayoga evaM rAja- ke ziSya somadeva sUri dvaaraa| bambaI meM mAnikacanda vyApAra para ATha adhyAyoM meM takSazilA meM digambara jaina granthamAlA dvArA TIkA ke sAtha vaizampAyana dvArA janamejaya ko diyA gayA shikssnn| prkaa0| dharma, artha, kAma, ariSaDvarga, vidyAvRddha, rAjazAstra ke pravartakoM kA ullekha hai| TI0 AnvIkSikI, trayI, vArtA, daNDanIti, mantrI, purohita, tattvavivRtti, kauDinyagotra ke najjuNDa ke putra sItA- senApati, dUta, cAra, vicAra, vyasana, saptAMga rAjya rAma dvaaraa| (svAmI Adi), rAjarakSA, divasAnuSThAna, sadAcAra, nItipravIpa--vetAlabhadra kA kahA gayA hai| vyavahAra, vivAda, SADguNya, yuddha, vivAha, prakIrNa nItibhAjanabhAjana--bhojarAja ko samarpita (mitra, no0, nAmaka 32 prakaraNoM meM hai| auphesTa kA kA kathana jilda 2, pR. 33) / hai ki lekhaka mallinAtha dvArA kirAtArjunIya meM nItimaMjarI--Anandapura ke mukunda dvivedI ke tanuja va0 hai| TI0 ajJAta; bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa, kyoMki atriputra lakSmIdharAtmaja dyAdvivedI dvaaraa| aSTakoM smRtiyoM evaM rAjanItizAstra ke ubaraNa diye (adhyAyoM) meM (Rgveda ke ATha aSTakoM ke anu- hue haiN| sAra) 200 zloka, jinameM vaidika udAharaNoM ke sAtha nItivilAsa-prajarAja zukla dvaaraa| naitika vacana kahe gaye haiN| iNDi0 eNTI0 (jilda nItiviveka-karuNAzaMkara dvaaraa|

Page #573
1566 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa niitishaastrsmuccy| paMcakAlakriyAvIpa-vaiSNava Ahnika pr| niitismuccy| pnyckroshsNnyaasaacaar| nItisAra---ghaTakarpara kA kahA gayA hai| paJcakrozayAtrA--zivanArAyaNAnanda tIrtha dvaaraa| nItisAra--zukrAcArya kA kahA gayA hai| pnycgvymelnprkaar| nItisArasaMgraha--madhusUdana dvaaraa| pnycrgoNddbraahmnnjaati| nItisumAvali---appA vAjapeyI dvaaraa| paJcatrizacchaloko-zrAddhapaddhati / nIrAjanaprakAza--jayanArAyaNa tarkapaJcAnana dvaaraa| paJcadazakarma---(zaunakakArikA ke anusAra) 15 nIlavRSotsarga--ananta bhaTTa dvaaraa| mukhya saMskAroM pr| niilotsrgpddhti| pnycdraaviddjaati| nIlodvAhapaddhati--zrAddha meM vRSotsarga ke kRtya pr| pnycmhaayjnypryog| iNDi * A0 (pR0 578, saM0 1648= 1591-2 paJcamAzramavidhi-zaMkarAcArya kRta kahA gayA hai| paramahaMsa nAmaka pAMcaveM stara ke viSaya meM, jaba ki nuutnprtisstthaapryog| saMnyAsI apanA daMDa evaM kamaNDala tyAga detA hai aura nUtanamUrtipratiSThA--nArAyaNa bhaTTa kRta (AzvalAyanagRhya- bAlaka yA pAgala kI bhA~ti ghUmatA rahatA hai| no0 pariziSTa para aadhaarit)| bar3odA (saM0 8876) / (jilda 10, pR0 329) / nasihajayantInirNaya--gopAladezika dvaaraa| pnycmiivrtodyaapn| nRsiMhaparicaryA--ni0 si0 evaM ananta ke smRtikaustubha pnyclkssnnvissi| meM v0| paJcavidhAna-saMskAra, adhivAsa, udvAsana, paMcAgninasiMhaparicaryA--rAmAcArya ke putra kRSNadeva dvArA sAvana, jalavAsavidhi pr| (sTIna, pR0 222) / paMcasaMskAra---ATha adhyAyoM meN| bar3odA (saM0 nRsiMhapUjApaddhati---vRndAvana dvaaraa| 12355) / nRsiMhaprasAda---vallabha ke putra dalapatirAja dvaaraa| de0 paMcasaMskAradIpikA--surendra ke ziSya vijayIndrabhikSu praka0 99 / dvaaraa| madhvAcArya ke siddhAntAnasAra vaiSNavapaddhati hAdhimahodadhi--AcAraratna meM v0| (tApaH puNDra tathA nAma mantro yAgazca paJcamaH / amI nRsiMhArcanapaddhati--brahmANDAnandanAtha dvaaraa| hi paJca saMskArAH paramaikAntyahetavaH / / ) / naimittikaprayogaratnAkara--premanidhi dvaaraa| 'paMcasaMskAravidhi---sabhI zrIvaiSNavoM ke lie| naukaadaan| paMcasUtrIvidhAna-:-jayasiMhakalpadruma se| nyAyadIpikA----abhinavadharmabhUSaNAcArya dvaaraa| paMcAgnikArikA--prayogacandrikA meM v0| nyAyaratnamAlikA--(yA nyAyamAtRkA) de0 jImUta0 paMcAyatanapaddhati-bhAradvAja mahAdeva ke putra divAkara kI vyvhaarmaatRkaa| dvArA (sUrya ,ziva, gaNeza, durgA evaM viSNu ke paMcAyatana nyAsapaddhati--trivikrama dvaaraa| pr)| de0 suuryaadipNcaaytnprtisstthaapddhti| pnyckvidhaan| pNcaaytnpuujaa| paJcakavidhi-- (jaba candra dhaniSThA se revatI taka paMcAyatanapratiSThApaddhati--mahAdeva ke putra divAkara dvArA kisI nakSatra meM rahatA hai usa samaya marane para kRty)| sambhavataH yaha paMcAyatanapaddhati hai| paMcakazAntividhi--mavasUdana gosvAmI dvaaraa| paMcAyatanasAra-pUrta dinakarodyota meM v0|

Page #574
dharmazAstrIya pranyasUcI 1567 paDitaparitoSa--caturvargacintAmaNi meM govindarAja kA dhikArI nArAyaNapaNDita ke putra khaNDerAya dvaaraa| khaNDana karate hue hemAdri dvArA v0| de0 praka0 76 / / yaha do ullAsoM meM AcAra evaM zrAddha para hai| gomatI paNDitasarvasva-halAyudha kRt| brAhmaNasarvasva evaM prAya- para yamunApurI meM sNgRhiit| zAkadvIpIya kulAvataMsa zcittatattva meM va0 / jIvAnanda (jilda 1,pR0531)| horilamizra ke putra parazurAma kI AjJA se prnniit| patitatyAgavidhi-divAkara dvaaraa| AcArArka evaM smRtyarthasAgara meM v0| mAdhavIya patitasaMsargaprAyazcitta-taMjaura ke rAjA soMjI ke evaM madanapAla kA isameM ullekha hai| 1400-1600 tatvAvadhAna meM paNDitoM kI pariSada dvArA prnniit| ke biic| hulza (riporTa 3, pR0 12 evaM 120) / parazurAmapratApa-jAmadagnya vatsagotra ke paNDita padmanAbha ptitshgmnnissedhniraasprkaash| ke putra sAmbAjI pratAparAja (sAbAjI) dvaaraa| padacandrikA--dayArAma dvaaraa| ye bhaTTa kUrma ke ziSya evaM nijAmazAha ke Azrita the| padArthAvarza--rAmezvara bhaTTa kRt| nirNayasindhu evaM isameM kama-se-kama Ahnika, jAtiviveka, dAna, prAyazUdrakamalAkara meM v0| zcitta, saMskAra, rAjanIti evaM zrAddha kA vivecana hai| paddhatiratna --rUpanArAyaNa dvArA (bar3odA, saM0 2393) / de0 vizrAmabAga-saMgraha (Da0 kA0) 2, saM0 243pdmnaabhnidhndh| 246 evaM barnela (taMjaura, pR0 131e)| eka vizada pamanyAsa--jImUta0 ke kAlaviveka dvArA v0| grnth| bar3odA (saM0 5887) kA rAjavallabhakANDa prbhuujaatinirnny| viSaya meM mAnasollAsa ke samAna hai| TI0 zrAddhaparabhUprakaraNa----nIlakaNTha sUri dvaaraa| kANDadIpikA yA zrAddhadIpakalikA (bopadevapaNDita) / parabhUprakaraNa--bAbadeva ATale dvaaraa| hemAdri, kAlAdarza u0 hai| parabhUprakaraNa--govindarAya dvArA (mitra, no0 10, parAzarasmRti-bhArgavarAya dvArA (de0 'varNajAtisaMkara pR0 296) / laga0 1740-49 I0, zivAjI ke maalaa')| pautra zAhUjI ke rAjyakAla meM jaba bAlAjI bAjIrAva parAzarasmRti--de0 praka0 35 (sAta bAra prakA0, pezavA the| govindarAya rAjalekhaka evaM zAha ke banArasa saM0 sI0 kA sampAdana atyuttama ; jIvA0, priyapAtra the| isameM bAbadeva ATale ko kapaTI evaM bhAga 2, pR01-52)| TI0 mAdhavAcArya dvArA, karahADa brAhmaNa kahA gayA hai| de0 praka0 92 (banArasa saM0 sii0)| TI0 govindaparamahaMsaparivAjakadharmasaMgraha-vizvezvara sarasvatI bhaTTa, raghunandana ke malamAsatattva meM va0 (jIvA0, dvaaraa| yaha yativamasaMgraha hai (AnandAzrama presa meM pR0 787), 1500 I0 ke pUrva / TI0 vidvanmanoharA prkaa0)| (nandapaNDitakRta), de0 praka0 105 (iNDi0 A0, prmhNssNnyaaspddhti| 3, pR0 377, saM0 1301, jahA~ kucha sArAMza hai); paramahaMsasaMdhyopAsana---zaMkarAcArya dvaaraa| bI0 bI0 . banArasa ke 'dI paNDitapatra' meM prakA0;no0 nyU0, jilda Ara0 e0 esa0 (jilda 2, pR0 246) / 29-32 / TI0 mahAdeva evaM veNI ke putra vaidyanAtha prmhNssNnyaasvidhi| pAyaguNDe dvArA, jo nAgoji ke ziSya the| TI0 paramezvarIvAsAdhi-(yA smRtisaMgraha) horilamizra kAmezvarayajvA kRta hitadharma; mAdhavIya kA ullekha dvArA (bIkAnera, pR0 431) / hai| tAr3apatra pANDu0 saM0 6956 (bdd'odaa)| parazurAmakArikA--anantadeva ke rudrakalpadruma meM v0| paribhASAviveka-bilvapaMcaka .kula ke bhaveza ke putra parazurAmaprakAza--(thA nibandha) vArANasI meM dharmA- varSamAna dvaaraa| laga0 1460-1500 I0 / nitya,

Page #575
mahA 1568 dharmazAstrakA itihAsa taka evaM kAmpakarma, karmAdhikArI, pravRtta evaM pallava-rAjanIti para eka grnth| rAjanItiratnAkara nivRtta karma, Acamana, snAna, pUjA, zrAddha, madhuparka, (caNDezvara kRta) meM v0| 1300 I0 ke pUrva / dAna, yuga Adi pr| pallopatana--chipakalI girane se zakunoM pr| pariziSTadIpakalikA-zUlapANi dvaaraa| raghu0 ke zuddhi- plliiptnphl| tattva meM v0| sambhavataH yaha gRhyapariziSTa (yathA plliiptnvicaar| chandoga.) kI TI0 hai| plliiptnshaanti| pariziSTaprakAza--raghu0 zaddhitattva evaM ekAdazItattva pallIzaraTakAkabhAsAdizakUna / meM v0| sambhavataH yaha chandogapariziSTaprakAza hI pallIzaraTayoH phlaaphlvicaar| hai| TI0 hriraamkRt| pallIzaraTayoH shaanti| prishissttsNgrh| plloshrttvidhaan| parizeSakhaNDa-caturvargacintAmaNi kA eka aNsh| pvitrrogprihaarpryog| parIkSAtattva--raghu0 kA divytttv| pavitrAropaNavidhAna-zrAvaNa meM devatA ke caturdika navaparIkSApaddhati-vAsudeva kRt| divyoM pr| vizvarUpa, sUtra car3hAne evaM phira dhAraNa karane kA kRty| yajJapArzva, mitAkSarA, zUlapANi para aashrit| 1450 pazupatidIpikA-zuddhikaumudI (pR0 206 evaM 210) I. ke pshcaat| meM v0| sambhavataH yaha pazapati kI 'dazakarmadIpikA' parNapuruSa-(parNapuruSavidhi) dUra marane vAle logoM kA hai| __ aakRtidaah| pazupatinibandha--zrAddhakriyAkaumudI (pR0 503) meM va0 / paryAzaucavidhi-saMnyAsa grahaNa pr| halAyudha ke bhAI pazupati kI zrAddhapaddhati hI prvkaalnirnny| sambhavataH yaha hai| laga0 1170-1200 ii0| prvtdaanvidhi| pAkayajJanirNaya-(yA pAkayajJapaddhati) dharmezvara (upa0 parvanirNaya--gaNapati rAvala dvArA, jo haridAsa ke putra dharmAbhaTTa) ke putra umApati (upa0 umAzaMkara yA umaNa tathA rAmadAsa (audIcya gurjara evaM gaur3AdhIza manohara bhaTTa) ke tanuja candrazekhara (upa0 candracUr3a) dvaaraa| dvArA sammAnita) ke pautra the| darza evaM pUrNimA 1575-1650 I0 ke bIca / ke yajJoM evaM zrAddhoM ke ucita kAloM para vivecn| pAkayajJapaddhati-pazupati dvaaraa| kAlavivecana, ni0 si0, nirNayasAgara, madana ke ullekha pAkayajJaprayoga--bAlakRSNa ke putra zambhubhaTTa dvaaraa| haiN| saM0 1742 (netrAmbhodhidharAdharakSitimite zrI- ApastambadharmasUtra kA anusaraNa karatA hai| iNDi0 vikramArke zake) arthAt 1685-86 ii0| A0 (pR0 99-100, pANDu0 tithi saM0 1749, parvanirNaya-murAri dvaaraa| 1692-93 ii0)| 1660-1710 I0 / parvanirNaya-mAdhava ke putra raghunAtha vAjapeyI dvaaraa| paanycaaljaativitek| 1550-1625 I0 ke biic| pANigrahaNAdikRtyaviveka-mathurAnAtha tarkavAgIza dvaaraa| parvanirNaya-dharmasindhu kA eka aNsh| no0 (jilda 9, pR0 244) kA kathanahai ki lekhaka prvsNgrh| raghunAtha haiM, kintu kAlophona meM mathurAnAtha nAma AyA palapIyUSalatA-madhusUdana ke putra madanamanohara dvaaraa| hai| vibhinna prakAra ke mAMsoM ke dhArmika upayoga para 7 pAraskaragRhyakArikA-(upa0 kaatiiygRhysuutrpryogadhyaay| vivRtti) zANDilya gotra ke somezvarAtmaja mahezasUri

Page #576
dharmazAstrIya prandhasUcI ke putra reNukAcArya dvaaraa| zaka saM0 1188 (1266 I0 ) meM pragIta (iNDi0 A0, jilda 1, pR0 67) / pAraskaragRhya pariziSTapaddhati kUpAdipratiSThA para kAma deva dIkSita dvArA (gujarAtI presa meM mudrita ) / pAraskaragRhyasUtra - (kAtIyagRhyasUtra ) tIna kANDoM meM (sTeMjlara dvArA lipajiga meM, kAzI saM0 sI0 evaM gujarAtI presa, bambaI dvArA kaI TIkAoM ke sAtha mudrita evaM esa0 bI0 I0, jilda 29, dvArA anUdita ) / to amRtavyAkhyA, apanI zuddhicandrikA meM nandapaNDita dvArA va0; 1550 I0 ke pUrva TI0 arthabhAskara, rAghavendrAraNya ke ziSya bhAskara dvaaraa| TI0 prakAza, vizvarUpa dIkSita ke putra vedamizra dvArA likhita evaM unake putra murArimizra dvArA prayukta / TI0 saMskAragaNapati, prayAgabhaTTAtmaja koneTa ke putra rAmakRSNa dvArA (caukhambhA saM0 sI0 dvArA pra0), cAra khaNDoM meM; ye bhAradvAjagotrIya aura vijayasiMha dvArA saMrakSita the; vaziSThA nadI para cicamaNDalapattana meM likhita; karka, harihara, gadAdhara, halAyudha, kAzikA evaM dIpikA u0 haiM; lekhaka ne zrAddhagaNapati bhI praNIta kiyA; iNDi0 A0 ( 0 562) meM zrAddhasaMgraha kA varNana hai; laga0 1750 I0 TI0 sajjanavallabhA, mevAr3avAsI bhAradvAja gotra ke balabhadra putra jayarAma dvArA ; uvaTa, karka evaM smRtyarthasAra ke ullekha haiM evaM gadAdhara dvArA va0; alavara (uddharaNa 39) pANDu0 kI tithi saM0 1619 arthAt 1554-5 I0 hai; 1200-1400 I0 ke bIca; gujarAtI presa evaM caukhambhA dvArA prakA0 / TI0 bhASya, karka dvArA; trikANDamaNDana, hemAdri evaM harihara dvArA va0; 1900 I0 ke pUrva guja0 pre0 dvArA mudrita / TI0 bhASya, pariziSTakaNDikA para kAmadeva dvArA ; guja0 presa dvArA mudrita | TI0 vAmana ke putra gadAdhara dvArA; karka, jayarAmabhASya, bhartR yajJa, madanapArijAta, harihara ke nAma Aye haiM; laga0 1500 I0; kAzI saM0 sI0 evaM guja0 pre0 dvArA mudrit| TI0 bhartRyajJa dvArA, 1569 jayarAma ke bhASya meM va0 1 TI0 vedamizra ke putra murArimizra dvArA ( pAraskaragRhyamantroM para ) ; pANDu 0 (sTIna, pR0 252 ) kI tithi saM0 1430 (1373 I0 ) / TI0 vAgIzvarIdatta dvaaraa| TI0 vAsudeva dIkSita dvArA; harihara evaM raghu0 (yajurvedizrAddhatasva meM) dvArA va 0 ; sabhI kRtyoM kI paddhati hai; 1250 I0 se pUrva / TI0 kAzyapagotra ke nAgarabrAhmaNa nRsiMha ke putra vizvanAtha dvArA; vizvanAtha ke cAcA ananta ke pautra lakSmIghara dvArA banArasa meM saMgRhIta, tithi 1692 mAgha ( 1635 I0 ) ; karka, harihara, kAlanirNaya pradIpikA ke ullekha haiM; ataH vizvanAtha kI tithi laga0 1550 I0 hai; dekhie alavara (uddharaNa 42 ) ; guja0 presa meM mudrita / TI0 harizarmA dvArA; prAyazcittatattva meM ullikhita ( jIvA0, jilda 1, pR0 531) | TI0 bhASya evaM paddhati, harihara dvArA (guja0 pre0 evaM kAzI saM0 sI0); karka, kalpatarukAra, reNu, vAsudeva, vijJAnezvara ke ullekha haiM; zrAddhakriyAkaumudI ( vindAnandakRta) meM va0 ; 1275-1400 I0 ke bIca; de0 praka0 84; raghu0 ne yajurvedizrAddhatattva meM harizarmA evaM harihara ke nAma liye haiM ( kAtyAyanagRhya kI eka vyAkhyA meM ) / * pAraskaragRhyasUtrapaddhati kAmadeva dvArA / pAraskaragRhyasUtrapaddhati - bhAskara dvArA / de0 uupr| pAraskaragRhyasUtrapaddhati --- vAsudeva dvArA / dekhie uupr| pAraskara mantrabhASya --- murAri dvArA / de0 'pAraskaragRhyasUtra' ke antargata / pAraskarabhAsasUtravRttyarthasaMgraha --- udayazaMkara dvArA (sTIna, pR0 17) / pArijAta - bahuta-se granthoM ke nAma isa zIrSaka se pUrNa hote haiM, yathA-- madanapArijAta, prayogapArijAta, vidhAnapArijAta / pArijAta - de0 praka0 75 / pArijAta - bhAnudatta dvArA bihAra0 (jilda 1, saM0 257 evaM je0 bI0 o0 Ara0 esa0 1927, bhAga 3-4 pR0 7) /

Page #577
1570 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa pArthivaliMgapUjA---baudhAyanasUtra, bRhadvasiSTha, liMgapurANa pitRmedhabhASya-(ApastambIya) gArgya gopAla dvaaraa| para aadhRt| iNDi0 A0 (pR0 585) / pitRmeSavivaraNa-raGganAtha dvaaraa| pANiliMgapUjAvidhi---sTIna kaiTalAga (pR0 95) meM pitRmeghasAra--gopAlayajvA dvaaraa| __ do bhinna grnth| pitRmeSasAra-raGganAtha ke putra veMkaTanAtha dvaaraa| pArvaNacaTavAraprayoga--devabhaTTa dvaaraa| pitRmeSasArasudhIvilocana--(eka TIkA) vaidikapArvaNacandrikA--gaMgolI saMjIvezvara zarmA ke putra ratna- sArvabhIma dvaaraa| sambhavataH uparyukta veMkaTanAtha hI haiN| pANi zarmA dvaaraa| kaI prakAra ke, kintu vizeSataH pitRmeSasUtra--gItama dvaaraa| TI0 kRSNa ke putra ananta pArvaga zrAddha pr| chandoga sampradAya ke anusaar| yajvA dvaaraa| bhAradvAja dvaaraa| hiraNyakezI dvaaraa| pArvaNatrayazrAvidhi--sTIna (pR0 95) / ApastambIya (prazna, kalpa ke 31-32) / TI. pArvaNaprayoga--zrAddhanasiMha kA eka aNsh| kapardisvAmI dvArA (kumbhakonam meM prakA0, 1905 paarvnnshraaddh-(aashvlaayniiy)| TI0 pradIpa bhASya, nArAyaNa dvaaraa| pitRsaaNvtsrikaapryog| paarvnnshraaddhpddhti| pituhitakaraNI---zrIdatta kI pitRbhakti meM va0 / laga0 pArvaNazrAddhaprayoga--chandogoM ke lie| 1300 ii0| pArvaNazrAvaprayoga--devabhaTTa dvArA vAjasaneyiyoM ke lie| piSTapazukhaNDana----TIkAkAra zarmA dvaaraa| no0 nyU0 pArvaNasthAlIpAkaprayoga---nArAyaNa bhaTTa ke prayogaratna kA (jilda 3, pR0 116) / eka aNsh| piSTapazukhaNDanamImAMsA--(yA piSTa pazumImAMsA) vizvapArvaNAdizrAddhatattva---raghu0 kA zrAddhatattva dekhie| nAtha ke putra evaM nIlakaNTha ke ziSya nArAyaNa paNDita piNDapitRyajJaprayoga--(hiraNyakezIya) umApati ke putra dvArA / no0 (jilda 10, pR0 312) / yajJoM meM bakare candracUr3a bhaTTa dvaaraa| ke sthAna para piSTapazu kA prayoga batalAyA gayA hai| piNDapitRyajJaprayoga--vizvezvara bhaTTa (upa0 gAgAbhaTTa) pANDu0 tithi saM0 1785 (1728 ii0)| dvaaraa| bIkAnera kaiTalAga (136) / piSTapazumaNDana--gAyegotra ke TIkAkAra zarmA dvaaraa| piNDapitRyajJaprayoga----harihara ke prayogaratna se| bar3odA (saM0 2436) / sambhavataH yaha uparyukta piSTapitAmahasmRti--de0 praka0 44 / pazukhaNDana hI hai| TI0 bar3odA (pANDulipi meN)| pitRdayitA--aniruddha kRt| de0 praka0 82 / saMskRta- piSTapazumaNDanavyAlyArthadIpikA-rakSapAla dvaaraa| __ sAhityapariSad sI0, kalakattA dvArA prkaa| piSTapazumImAMsAkArikA----vizvanAtha ke putra nArAyaNa pitapaddhati--gopAlAcArya dvaaraa| zalapANi kA ullekha / hai| ataH 1450 I0 ke upraant| puNsvnaadikaalnirnny| pitRbhakti--zrIdatta dvaaraa| de0 praka0 89, yajurveda puNyAhavAcanaprayoga-puruSottama dvaaraa| ke pAThakoM ke lie| TI0 murAri dvaaraa| laga0 putrakramadIpikA-rAmabhadra dvaaraa| bAraha prakAra ke putroM 15vIM zatI ke anta meN| ke dAyAdhikAroM evaM riktha pr| pitRbhaktitaraMgiNI--(upa0 zrAddhakalpa) vAcaspati mizra putrapratigrahaprayoga-zaunakakRta kahA gayA hai| pITarsana dvaaraa| de0 praka0 98 / kI chaThI riporTa (saM0 122) / pitameSaprayoga--kapardikArikA ke eka anuyAyI dvaaraa| putraparigrahasaMzayojhedapariccheda---sTIna (pR0 95) / no0 (jilda 10, pR0 271) / putrasvIkAranirUpaNa--vatsa gotra ke vizvezvara ke putra

Page #578
dharmazAstrIya pranyasUcI 1571 rAmapaNDita dvaaraa| vijJAnezvara, candrikA, kAlAdarza, sundara viSayoM pr| 1474 I. meM praNIta / de0 varadarAja ke ullekha haiN| 1400 I0 ke upraant| auphesTa (pR. 84-87) / punasvIkAra niruupnn| purANasAra-parAzaramAdhavIya, nRsiMhaprasAda evaM AhnikaputrIkaraNamImAMsA-nandapaNDita dvaaraa| yaha Upara kii| tattva meM v0| 1300 I0 ke pUrva / dattakamImAMsA hI hai| de0 praka0 105 / purANasAra----navadvIpa ke rAghavarAya ke putra rAjakumAra punotpttipti| ruddhazarmA dvaaraa| no0 (jilda 10, pR0 62-65) pUnapAna-gula agni kI punaH sthApanA ke viSaya meN| puraannsaarsNgrh| punaspanarana--prathama bAra varjita bhojana karane para brAhmaNa puruSArthacintAmaNi-rAmakRSNa ke putra viSNubhaTTa AThavale kA phira se upnyn| dvaaraa| kAla, saMskAra Adi para eka vizAla grantha / punAenayanaprayoga--mahAdeva ke putra divAkara dvaaraa| makhyataH hemAdri evaM mAdhava para nirbhr| nirNayapre. puSivAhamImAMsA-bAlakRSNa dvaaraa| bar3odA (saM0 evaM AnandAzrama pre0 dvArA mudrit| bar3odA (saM0 ...9026) / 1666), za0 saM0 1706 (1784-5 ii0)| punrvivaahvidhi| puruSAryapraboSa-rAmarAjasarasvatI ke ziSya brahmAnandapurucaraNakaumudI-mAdhavAcArya vaSa ke putra mukunda dvaaraa| bhAratI dvaaraa| bhasma, rudrAkSa, rudra-bhakti ke dhArmika purazcaraNakaustubha-ahobala kRta, jo IzAnendra evaM mahatva para krama se 4, 5, 6 adhyAyoM meM tIna bhAgoM nasiMhendra ke ziSya the| banArasa meM prnnot| vAlA eka vizAla grantha ; asanasI nadI ke malavlI puraNapaNapatrikA--govindAnanda kI varSakRtyakaumudI sthAna para za0saM0 1476 meM praNIta / vidyAraNya kA evaM raghunandana ke tithitattva evaM Ahnikatattva meM ullekha evaM zakamalAkara meM v0| de0bI0 bI0 Ara0 e. es. (pR0 220-222), saM0 699 / purazcaraNanikA-bibuvendrAzrama ke ziSya paramahaMsa cidambaram meM mudrita, 1907 ii0| devendrAzrama dvaaraa| no0 (jilda 7, pR0 163) / purussaarthprbodhinii| Da. kA. (saM0 33, 1898-99), saM0 1753 / putvAryaratnAkara-kRSNAnanda sarasvatI ke ziSya raMganAtha purazcarapatrikA-mASava pAThaka dvaaraa| sUri dvaaraa| purANaprAmANyaviveka, trivargatattvaviveka, purazcaraNavIpikA-bibudhendAzrama dvaaraa| mokSatattvaviveka, varNAdidharmaviveka, nAmakIrtanAdi, purazcaraNabanikA---jayarAmabhaTTa ke putra kAzInAtha dvaaraa| prAyazcita, adhikArI, tattvapadArthaviveka, maktigata puraNacaraNadIpikA-candrazekhara dvaaraa| viveka para 15 taraMgoM meN| purazcaraNadIpikA-rAmacandra dvaaraa| puruSArthasuSAniSi-sAyaNAcArya dvArA (bar3odA, saM. puraskipAca-raghu ke tithitattva meM ullikhit| 7101 tathA anya pANDu0 ke mata se, kucha ke mata se purAnasamunpaSa-hemAdri, nirNayAmRta, ni0 si0, dvaita- vidyAraNya dvaaraa)| dharma, artha, kAma evaM mokSa pr| nirNaya meM 40 / 1200 I. ke puurv| puruSottamakSetratasva--raghu0 dvaaraa| ur3IsA ke prasiddha purANasarvasva-baMgAla ke jamIndAra zrIsatya ke Azraya meM jagannAtha mandira pr| de0 praka0 102 / za0 saM0 1396 (1474-5 I.) meM sNgRhiit| puraSottamapratiSThAprakAra-de0 pITarsana kI chaThI riporTa purANasarvasva--puruSottama dvaaraa| mitra, no0 (jilda saM. 95 / 1, pR. 188) / pulastyasmRti-de0 praka0 45 / purAgasarvasya--puruSotama ke putra halAyuSa dvaaraa| 730 pulahasmRti-smRticandrikA evaM mAdhavAcArya dvArA v0| 125

Page #579
1572 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa puSTimArgIyAhnika- vallabhAcArya sampradAya ke lie vrajarAja dvArA / puSpa cintAmaNi / puSpamAlA --- rudradhara dvaaraa| deva pUjA meM prayukta hone vAle puSpoM evaM pattiyoM para / puSpasArasudhAniSi-- ahalyAkAmadhenu meM ullikhita / pUjanamAlikA -- bhavAnIprasAda dvArA / pUjApaddhati -- janArdana ke putra AnandatIrtha dvArA / pUjApaddhati -- ( yA padyamAlA ) AnandatIrtha ke ziSya jayatIrtha dvaaraa| bar3odA (saM0 8685 ) / pUjApaddhati -- viSNubhaTTa chajavalakara ke putra rAmacandra bhaTTa dvaaraa| bar3odA (saM0 10471), pANDu0 za0 saM0 1735, arthAt 1813-14 I0 meM utArI gayI / prajApAla - AhnikacandrikA meM ullikhita / pUjAprakAza -- mitra mizra dvArA (bIramitrodaya kA aMza ) / de0 praka0 108 / pUjApradIpa -- govinda dvArA / raghu0 ke dIkSAtattva meM ullikhita / pUjAratanAkara caNDezvara dvArA / de0 praka0 90 / pUrNacandra -- ripuJjaya dvArA / prAyazcitta para / pUrtakamalAkara-kamalAkara bhaTTa dvArA / de0 praka0 106 / pUrtaprakAza-pratApanArasiMha ( rudradeva kRta) kA eka zarmA ( viruda 'panta' ) dvArA Da0 kA 0 ( maM0 126, 1884-86); 1659, arthAt 1737-38 I0 (nandapaJcanRpasaMmitazAke) meM praNIta / isameM zravaNAkarma prAyazcitta Adi kA vivecana hai / pRthvIrahasya - ahalyA kAmadhenu meM va0 / paMyasmRti - mitAkSarA ( yAjJavalkyasmRti 2018) meM ullikhita | paiThInasismRti - de0 praka0 24 / paitRkatithinirNaya-(--cakradhara dvArA / patRmedhika bharadvAja gotra ke yallubhaTTa ke putra palAji dvArA / bhAradvAjIya sUtra evaM kapardI ke anusAra / hulza (saM0 58 ) / paitRmeSikasUtra -- bhAradvAja dvArA ( do praznoM meM, pratyeka 12 kaNDikAoM meM ) / prakAza -- bahuta se granthoM kA viruda 'prakAza' hai, yathA--- sarvadharma prakAza (zaMkarabhaTTakRta ), parazurAmaprakAza, pariziSTaprakAza | prakAza de0 praka0 74 / prakriyAJjanaTIkA vaidyanAtha dIkSita dvArA / pracetaH smRti - de0 praka0 46 / prajApatismRti - de0 praka0 47, AnandAzrama pre0 ( pR0 90-98 ) meM mudrita / prajApaddhati -- rAjanIti para | prakaraNa / pUrtamAlA - raghunAtha dvArA / pUtota- vizvezvara bhaTTa dvArA / dinakaroddyota kA eka aMza / pUrvAlIlA - vaiSNavoM ke lie snAna se pUjA taka ke praNavakalpa -- AnandatIrthaM dvArA | kRtyoM para / pRthagudrAha / praNavakalpa --- (skandapurANa se ) TI0 prakAza, rAmacandra sarasvatI ke ziSya gaMgAdhara sarasvatI dvArA / pRthvIcandrodaya -- hemAdri ( caturvarga0 3 / 1 / 183), dvaitanirNaya ( zaMkarabhaTTa), vidhAnapArijAta, ni0 si0 dvArA va0 / 1250 I0 ke pUrva / pRthvImahodaya -- bhAradvAja gotra ke umApati putra premanidhi pRthvIcandra - sambhavataH yaha pRthvIcandrodaya hI hai| praNavadarpaNa - veMkaTAcArya dvArA / vidhAnapArijAta meM va0 / praNavadarpaNa - zrInivAsAcArya dvArA / praNavapariziSTa - raghu0 ke Ahnikatattva meM va0 / praNavArcanacantrikA mukundalAla dvArA / praNavopAsanAvidhi-- agnihotrapAThaka ke putra evaM kAzIpAThaka ke pautra gopInAtha pAThaka dvArA / prajApAlana / praNavakalpa - zaunakakRta kahA gayA hai| oMkAra ke rahasyavAdI prabhAva evaM rUpa pr| TI0 hemAdri dvArA /

Page #580
dharmazAstrIya granyasUcI pratApanArasiMha- --bhAradvAja gotraja toronArAyaNa ke putra rudradeva dvaaraa| godAvarI para pratiSThAna ( Adhunika paiThana) meM za0 saM0 1632 (1710-11 I0 ) meM praNIta / saMskAra, pUrta, antyeSTi, saMnyAsa, yati, vAstuzAnti, pAkayajJa, prAyazcitta, kuNDa, utsarga, jAtiviveka para prakAzoM meM vibhakta eka vizada nibandha / de0 bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 esa0 ( pR0 222, saM0 700-703 ) / prauDhapratApamArtaNDa) pratApamArtaNDa - ( yA sUryavaMzaja kapilezvarAtmaja puruSottama ke putra, utkalarAja pratAparudra gajapati kA kahA gayA hai| pA~ca prakAzoM meM / 0 praka0 100, no0 (jilda 10, pR0 222 - 225 ) / samayamapUrNa evaM zrAddhamayUkha meM ullikhita / pratApamArtaNDa - mAdhava ke putra rAmakRSNa dvArA pratAparudra gajapati ke Adeza se racita / sTIna ( pR0 96 ) / sambhavataH yaha uparyukta hI hai / pratApadagranibandha-- zaMkarabhaTTa dvArA dvaitanirNaya meM ullikhita / sambhavataH yaha pratApamArtaNDa hai / pratApArka -- ratnAkarAtmaja gaMgArAmapautra, rAmezvara ke putra 'mahAzabda' upAdhivArI, zANDilyagotra ke vizve zvara dvaaraa| unake pUrvaja ke jayasiMhakalpadruma para AvRta evaM jayasiMha ke pautra pratApa ke Adeza se pragIta | alavara (328 ) / prtigrhpraayshcittprkaar| pratimAdAna / pratiSThAkalpalatA-vRndAvana zukla dvArA / pratiSThAkaumudI -- zaGkara dvArA / pratiSThAkaustubha / pratiSThAcintAmaNi -- gaMgAdhara dvArA / pratiSThAtasya --- ( yA devapratiSThAtattva) raghunandana dvArA / de0 praka0 102 / pratiSThAdarpaNa - nArAyaNAtmaja gopAla ke putra padmanAbha 1573 dvArA (pANDu0, bhaNDArakara saMgraha ) / tithi za0 saM0 1706 (1784-5 I0 ) / pratiSThAgrIdhiti---anantadeva ke smRtikaustubha se / pratiSThAnirNaya-- gaMgAdhara kRta / pratiSThApaddhati - anantabhaTTa ( urpha bApUbhaTTa) dvArA / pratiSThApaddhati raghusUri ke putra trivikrama bhaTTa dvArA / no0 (jilda 5, pR0 157 ) ; pANDu0 saM0 1785 meM utArI gyii| pratiSThApaddhati - nIlakaNTha dvArA / pratiSThApaddhati mahezvara bhaTTa harSe dvArA / pratiSThApaddhati - rAdhAkRSNa dvArA / pratiSThApaddhati - zaMkarabhaTTa dvArA / pratiSThAprakAza-- hariprasAda zarmA dvArA / pratiSThAprayoga - kamalAkara dvArA / pratiSThAnayUsa - - nIlakaNTha dvArA / de0 praka0 107 / gharapure dvArA mudrita / pratiSThAprayoga bhI nAma hai / de0 alavara (uddharaNa 330 ) / pratiSThAratna / pratiSkAsamuccaya- raghu0 ke devapratiSThAtastva meM va0 / pratiSThAsAgara -- ballAlasena kRt| unake dAnasAgara meM va0 de0 praka0 93 / pratimApratiSThA - nIlakaNTha dvArA / pratiSThAsAra -- rAmacandra dvArA / zAntimayUkha meM va0 / pratimAsaMgraha -- caNDezvara ke dAnaratnAkara meM ulli - pratiSThAsArakhIpikA - paMcavaTI nivAsI cintAmaNi ke putra khita / pratiSThArkapaddhati -- divAkara dvArA / pratiSThAbiveka umApati dvArA / pratiSThAbibeka zUlapANi dvArA / de0 praka0 95 / pratiSThAsaMgraha / pANDuraMga Takale dvArA / za0 saM0 1702 (178081 I0) meM praNIta / bar3odA (saM0 333 ) | pratiSThAtArasaMgraha- hemAdri ( dAnakhaNDa, pR0 134), kuNDamaNDapasiddhi evaM dAnamayUkha dvArA va0 / pratiSTheSu-- nArAyaNa bhATe ke putra tryambaka dvaaraa| bar3odA (saM0 11089 bI) / pratiSThovota - (dinakarodyota kA aMza) dinakara evaM unake putra vizvezvara (gAgAbhaTTa) dvArA /

Page #581
1574 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa pratisarakSandhaprayoga-vivAha evaM anya utsavAvasara para kalAI meM sUtra bA~dhane ke niyamoM para / pratItAkSarA-- mitAkSarA para nandapaNDita kI TI0 / de0 praka0 105 / pratyavarohaNaprayoga - nArAyaNabhaTTa ke prayogaratna kA aMza / prathitatithinirNaya-nAgadevajJa dvArA | pradIpa - bahuta se granthoM ke nAmoM ke anta meM AtA hai, yathA AcArapradIpa kRtyapradIpa, samayapradIpa, saMvatsarapradIpa Adi ! pradIpa de0 praka0 801 pradIpapradAnapaddhati - dekhie mahApradIpa0 / pradIpikA-gaNeza ke daNDaviveka meM evaM sarasvatIvilAsa meM ba0 / 1450 I0 ke pUrva / pradoSa nirNaya-- viSNubhaTTa dvArA ( puruSArthacintAmaNi se ) / pradoSapUjApaddhati --- vAsudevendra ke ziSya vallabhendra dvArA / prasAra varSa kriyAkaumudI, Ahnikatattva ( raghu0 dvArA) meM va0 / tantrazAstra kA grantha pratIta hotA hai| 1450 I0 ke pUrva / TI0 vyAkhyAna, devanAtha kI tantrakaumudI meM u0 / 1550 I0 ke pUrva / TI0 gIrvANayogIndra dvaaraa| TI0 jJAnasvarUpa dvArA / prasAraviveka (yA bhavasAraviveka) sadAziva ke putra gaMgAdhara mahAr3akara dvaaraa| ATha ullAsoM meM / pANDu tithi saM0 1840 ( 1783-4 I0 ) / de0 no0 ( jilda 10, pR0 162 ) / Ahnika, bhagavatpUjA, bhAgavatadharma para | prapaJcAmRtasAra - taMjaura ke rAjA ekarAja ( ekoji ) dvArA, jinhoMne 1676 se 1684 I0 taka rAjya kiyaa| pUjA evaM nIti ke kucha aMza prApta hue haiN| barnela, taMjaura kaiTa0, ( pR0 141 bI ) / prapannagatidIpikA -- tAtAdAsa dvArA | vijJAnezvara, candrikA, hemAdri, mAdhava, sArvabhauma, vaidyanAthadIkSita kA ullekha hai / prapannavinacaryA - rAmAnuja sampradAya ke anusAra / prapasalakSaNa / prapordhvadehika vidhi | prabhAkarAhnika- prabhAkara bhaTTa dvArA / pramANadarpaNa / pramANapallava - siMha yA narasiMha Thakkura dvArA / AcAra Adi para paricchedoM meM vibhakta / pramANasaMgraha | pramANasAraprakAzikA | prameyamAlA | prayAgakusya- tristhalasetu kA eka aMza / prayAgaprakaraNa-- - ( prayAgapraghaTTaka ) tristhalIsetu se | prayAgasetu - anantadeva ke smRtikaustubha meM ja0 / tristhala setu kA eka aMza / prayAgakostubha-gaNezapAThaka dvArA / prayogacandrikA vIrarAghava dvArA / prayogaentrikA sItArAma ke bhAI zrInivAsa ziSya dvArA / prayogacandrikA -- 18 khaNDoM meM / puMsavana se zrAddha taka / ApastambagRhya kA anusaraNa hai| kaNThabhUSaNa, paMcAgnikArikA, jayantakArikA, kapardakArikA, dazanirNaya, vAmanakArikA, suvIvilocana, smRtiratnAkara kA ullekha hai (madrAsa gavarnameNTa saM0 pANDu0, jilda 7, pR0 2798, saM0 3713) / prayogacintAmaNi -- ( rAmakalpadruma kA bhAga) anantabhaTTa dvArA / prayogacUDAmaNi- ( bhaNDArakara saMgraha meM pANDu0 ) svastika, puNyAhavAcana, grahayajJa, sthAlIpAka, duSTa rajodarzanazAnti, garbhAdhAna, sImantonnayana, SaSThI pUjA, nAmakaraNa, caula evaM anya saMskAroM, upanayana, vivAha para / prayogacUDAmaNi- mitra, no0 (jilda 4, pR0 22) / prayogacUDAmaNi - raghu0 dvArA va0 / prayogatattva --- zANDilya gotraja bhAnuji ke putra raghunAtha dvArA / sAmAnya dhArmika kRtyoM (saMskAroM), paribhASA, svastivAcana grahamakha Adi para 25 tattvoM meM kAzI meM praNIta / tithi za0 saM0 1577 (1656 I0 ) meM racita / prayogatilaka-- vIrarAghava dvaaraa| bar3odA (saM0 9806 ) /

Page #582
dharmazAstrIya granyasUcI prayogadarpaNa - cAyambhaTTa ke putra nArAyaNa dvaaraa| Rgvedavidhi ke anusAra gRhya kRtyoM para ujjvalA ( haradatta kRta), hemAdri, caNDezvara, zrIdhara, smRtiratnAvali ke nAma Aye haiM / 1400 I0 ke uparAnta / prayogadarpaNa - nArAyaNa ke putra gopAlAtmaja padmanAbha dIkSita dvArA / devapratiSThA, maNDapapUjA, toraNapUjA Adi para / prayogadarpaNa ---- ramAnAtha vidyAvAcaspati dvArA / gRhasthoM ke AkoM para / hemAdri ko u0 karatA hai / prayogadarpaNa - vIrarAghava dvArA / prayogadarpaNa - vaidika sArvabhauma dvArA / prayogadarpaNa - ajJAta / no0 nyU0 (jilda 2, pR0 190 ), antyeSTi kiyA evaM zrAddha para / smRtyarthasAra ke lekhaka zrIdhara kA u0 hai / prayogavIpa - dayAzaMkara dvArA (zAMkhAyanagRhya ke lie) / prayogadIpikA - maJcanAcArya dvArA / prayogadIpikA - rAmakRSNa dvArA / prayogadIpikAvRtti | prayogaparatna -- cAturmAsyaprayoga meM va0 / prayogapaddhati -- gaMgAdhara dvArA (baudhAyanIya) | jhiMgayya kovida (paMjala maMcanAcArya ke putra) dvArA ; ise zigAbhaTTIya kahA jAtA hai| dAmodara gArgya dvArA; karkopAdhyAya, gaMgAvara, harihara para AdhRta hai evaM pAraskaragRhya kA anusaraNa karatA hai| isakA nAma saMskArapaddhati bhI hai / raghunAtha dvArA ( rudrabhaTTa ayAcita ke putra); AzvalAyanIya / harihara dvArA (gRhya kRtyoM para) do kANDoM meM; pAraskaragRhya kI TI0 se sambandhita / prayogapaddhati kAtyAyanazrAddhasUtra se sambandhita / prayogapaddhatisubodhinI -- zivarAma dvArA / prayogapArijAta -- narasiMha dvArA / iNDi0 A0 ( pR0 415, saM0 1396 ) / hemAdri, vidyAraNya, prasAda (jise sampAdaka ne nRsiMhaprasAda mAnA hai) kA ullekha hai / yaha nimnokta hai aura prasAda viTThala kI TI0 'prasAda' (rAmacandra kI prakriyAkaumudI para ) hai / 1575 iNDi0 A0 ( pR0 166) evaM bhaNDArakarariporTa de0 (1883-84, pR0 59 ) jahA~ krama se TI0 'prasAda' tathA vaMzAvalI kA ullekha hai / prayogapArijAta kauNDinya gotrIya evaM karNATaka ke nivAsI nRsiMha dvArA / pA~ca kANDa haiM-- saMskAra, pAkayajJa, AdhAna, Ahnika gotrapravaranirNaya para ! saMskAra kA bhAga nirNaya0 presa meM mudrita (1916) / 25 saMskAroM kA u0; kAladIpa, kAlapradIpa, kAladIpabhASya, kivAsAra, phalapradIpa, vizvAdarza, vidhiratna, zrIdharI, smRtibhAskara kA ullekha hai; hemAdri evaM mAdhava kI AlocanA hai / 1360 I0 evaM 1435 I0 ke bIca meM praNIta / sambhavataH yahI grantha nRsiMhaprasAda (dAnasAra) evaM nArAyaNa bhaTTa ke prayogarana meM 0 hai / bIkAnera ( pR0 439) meM saM0 1495 ( 1438-39 I0 ) pANDu0 kI tithi hai| prayogapArijAta -- devarAjArya ke putra puruSottama bhaTTa dvArA / prayogapArijAta -- raghunAtha vAjapeyI dvArA / prayogapArijAtasArAvali - dharmapravRtti meM va0 / prayogapradIpa- zivaprasAda dvArA / prayogamaMjarIsaMhitA - zrIkaNTha dvaaraa| bar3odA (saM0 12959) / prayogamaNi - abhayaGkara nArAyaNa ke putra kezavabhaTTa dvArA / prayogamuktAvali - bhibhisUri ( ? ) tipili dvArA / Da0 kA0 pANDu0 (saM0 102, 1871-72 ) / vijJAnezvara, prayogapArijAta, nRsiMha, AcAramayUkha kA ullekha hai / 1650 I0 ke uparAnta / prayogamuktAvali - vIrarAghava dvArA / prayogaratna - ( yA smArtAnuSThAnapaddhati) vizvanAtha ke putra ananta dvArA / AzvalAyana ke anusAra 25 saMskAroM, svastivAcana, puNyAhavAcana, sthAlIpAka, paribhASA, prAyazcitta kA vivaraNa hai| iNDi0 A0 (jilda 3, pR0 515 ) / prayogaratna -- (hiraNyakezIya) vizvanAtha ke putra anantadeva dvArA / de0 pITarsana (pA~cavI riporTa, saM0 126) / sambhavataH yaha uparyukta hI hai /

Page #583
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa 1576 prayogaratna -- sadAziva ke putra kAzIdIkSita dvArA / prayogaratna - - sadAziva ke putra kezavadIkSita dvArA / prayogaratna--- (AzvalAyanIya ) rAmezvara bhaTTa ke nArAyaNa bhaTTa dvArA nirNaya0 pres| de0 praka0 103 / putra prayogaratna - - premanidhi dvArA | prayogaratna -- ( AzvalAyana evaM zaunaka ke anusAra ) nArAyaNa bhaTTa ke putra nRsiMhabhaTTa dvaaraa| bhaTToji dvArA caturviMzatimata vyAkhyA dvArA u0 / 1500-1600 I0 ke bIca / prayogaratna - bhaTToji dvArA seM0 prA0 (saM0 3131) / prayogaratna - (smArta prayogaratna ) mahAdeva vaizampAyana ke putra maheza dvaaraa| saMskAra, zAnti evaM zrAddha para kAzI meM praNIta; za0 saM0 1798 meM mudrita / mAtRdatta kI prazaMsA kI gayI hai| bar3odA, pANDu0 ( saMkhyA 1626) tithi 1844 saM0 ( 1787-8 ) / prayogaratna - mahAdeva dvArA ( hiraNyakezIya ) / prayogaratna -- Apadeva ke putra vAsudevadIkSita dvArA / prayogaratna - harihara dvArA / prayogaratnabhUSA -- raghunAtha navahasta dvaaraa| bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 esa0 (jilda 2, pR0 185 ) / prayogaratnamAlA - cauNDappAcArya dvArA / prayogaratnamAlA - - ApadevabhaTTa ke putra vAsudeva dvArA, jo citpAvana brAhmaNa the| viSNvAdisarvadevapratiSThA para / ni0 si0 kA ullekha hai / 1620- 1760 ke bIca | isakA nAma vAsudevI evaM pratiSThAratnamAlA bhI hai / prayogaratnamAlA - puruSottama vidyAvAgIza dvArA / prayogaratnasaMskAra --- premanidhi dvArA / prayogaratnasaMgraha - saMskAramayukha meM va0 / prayogaratnAkara -- de0 Upara dayAzaMkarakRta prayogadIpa / prayogaratnAkara -- ( maitrAyaNIyoM ke lie) yazavanta bhaTTa dvaaraa| bar3odA (saM0 8365) / prayogaratnAvalI - cidAnanda brahmendrasarasvatI ke ziSya paramAnanda ghana dvaaraa| sambhavataH zrota kRtyoM para / prayogalAghava --- mahAdeva ke putra viTThala dvArA / prayogasaMgraha - - rAmanAtha dvArA / prayogasAgara -- nArAyaNa AraDa dvArA / 1650 I0 ke uparAnta / ise gRhyAgnisAgara bhI kahA jAtA hai| prayogasAra -- viTa0 evaM kItha (jilda 2, pR0 97 ) / 8 kANDoM meM / prayogasAra - nArAyaNa ke putra kRSNadeva smArtavAgIza dvArA ise kRtyatattva yA saMvatsaraprayogasAra bhI kahA jAtA hai / prayogasAra-- . (baudhAyanIya) kezavasvAmI dvArA / vaidika yajJoM para / nArAyaNa evaM bhavasvAmI ke nAma Aye haiM, trikANDamaNDana dvArA va0 hai / laga0 1100 I0 / prayogasAra -- ( ApastambIya ) gaMgAbhaTTa dvArA / prayogasAra -- ( kAtyAyanIya ) balabhadra ke putra devabhadra pAThaka dvaaraa| gaMgAdhara pAThaka, bhartRyajJa, vAsudeva, reNu, karka, harisvAmI, mAdhava, padmanAbha, gadAdhara, harihara, rAmapaddhati ( anantakRta ) kA ullekha hai / zrata sambandhI viSayoM para vivecana hai| prayogasAra -- lakSmIdhara ke putra nArAyaNa dvArA / yaha gRhyAgnisAgara evaM prayogasAgara hI hai| prayogasAra -- nijAnanda dvArA / prayogasAra -- gokula grAma meM rahanevAle dAkSiNAtya bAla kRSNa dvArA / prayogasAra - dinakara ke putra vizvezvara bhaTTa (urpha gAgA bhaTTa) dvArA | puNyAhavAcana, gaNapatipUjana Adi para / prayogasAra -- zivaprasAda dvArA / prayogasArAvali - dharmapravRtti meM ullikhita / prayogasArapIyUSa - kumArasvAmI viSNu dvArA / paribhASA, saMskAra, Ahnika, prAyazcitta para / prayogasArasamuccaya / prayogAdarza - maudgala gotra ke vaidyanAtha- putra kanakasabhApati dvArA / yaha lekhaka kI kArikAmaJjarI para TI0 hai / pravarakANDa (AzvalAyanIya) gotrapravaranibandha kadambaka meM pI0 centasAlarAva dvArA mudrita ( maisUra, 1900) / TI0 nArAyaNa dvArA /

Page #584
dharmazAstrIya pratyasucI pravarakhaNDa -- ( ApastambIya ) TI0 kapadasvAmI dvArA (kumbhakoNam meM 1914 meM evaM maisUra meM 1900 I0 meM prakA0 ) / pravarakhaNDa - ( eka prazna meM vakhAnasa ) / pravaragaNa -- zArdUlavikrIDita chanda meM pravaroM para eka grantha / de0 bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 esa0 ( pR0 225, saM0 707) / 25veM zloka ke pazcAt kA aMza nahIM milatA / pravaravarpaNa - kamalAkara dvaaraa| ise gotrapravaranirNaya bhI kahA jAtA hai| pI0 centasAlarAva dvArA sampAdita gotrapravaranibandhaka dambaka meM prakA0 / maisUra, 1900 / pravaravIpa - ( yA pravarapradIpa ) pravaradIpikA meM va0 / pravaravIpikA- kRSNazaiva dvaaraa| pravaramaMjarI, smRti candrikA kA ullekha hai / 1250 I0 ke uparAnta / pravaranirNaya - - vizvAdarza se / pravaranirNaya - bhAskaratrikANDamaNDana kRta / kalakattA saM0 kAleja, pANDu0 (jilda 2, pR0 69 saM0 65) / TI0 rAmanandI dvArA / pravaranirNaya-bhaTToji dvArA / gotrapravaranirNaya bhI nAma hai| pravaranirNayavAkyasuSArNava-- vizvanAthadeva kRta / pravaramaJjarI -- de0 gotrapravaramaMjarI / nRsiMhaprasAda meM para / pravarAbhyAya -- lakSmaNasena ke mantrI pazupati dvArA / 1170-1200 I0 ke laga0 / prabarAdhyAya -- bhRgudeva likhita kahA gayA hai| pravarAdhyAya - laugAkSi kA kahA gayA hai / kAtyAyana kA 11vIM pariziSTa / 1577 pravarAdhyAya - vizvanAtha kavi dvArA / pravarAdhyAya --- viSNudharmottara se / pravarAdhyAya-smRtidarpaNa 1 pravAsakRtya - rAmacandra ke putra gaMgAdhara dvArA / stambhatIrtha ( Adhunika khambhAta) meM praNIta / saM0 1663 ( 1606-7 I0 ) / jIvikA ke lie videza nirgata sAgnika brAhmaNoM ke kartavyoM para / prastAvapArijAta / prastAvaratnAkara - puruSottama ke putra haridAsa dvArA gadApattana meM vIrasiMha ke Azraya meM saM0 1614 ( 1557-8 I0 ) meM likhita / nIti, jyotiHzAstra Adi viSayoM para padya meM / prahlAdasaMhitA - ( vallabhamatIya) lakSmaNa ke AcAraratna meM va0 / va0 / pravaravivaraNa- pravaradIpikA meM ullikhita | pravarAdhyAya - adhikAMza zrautasUtroM meM pravara para eka prakaraNa hai| pravaradhyAya-- mAnavazrota kA bhAga ( bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 esa0 jilda 2, pR0 177 ) / pravarASyAya --- agastya kA kahA gayA hai| gotroM evaM pravaroM prAyazcittakalpatara -- kalpata kA eka aMza / prAyazcittakANDa - vaidyanAtha ke smRtimuktAphala kA dvitIya prAcIna SaDazIti-- ( abhinava SaDazIti ke virodha meM) / de0 'SaDazIti' / prAtaH kRtya / prAtaH pUjAvidhi -- narottamadAsa dvArA ( caitanya ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie)| prAyazcittakadamba (yA nirNaya ) gopAla nyAyapaMcAnana dvArA / raghunAtha, nArAyaNa, jagannAtha tarkapaMcAnana ke antoM kA ullekha karatA hai| no0 (jilda 10, pR0 119) / prAyazcittakadambasArasaMgraha - - kAzInAtha tarkAlaMkAra dvArA / zUlapANi, madanapArijAta, navyadvaitanirNayakRccandrazekhara ke mata va0 haiN| no0 nyU0 ( pR0 233-35) / prAyazcittakamalAkara kamalAkara bhaTTa dvArA / bhAga / prAyazcittakArikA - gopAla dvArA / baudhAyanasUtra para AdhArita / sAyaNa ke pahale / prAyazcittakutUhala- kRSNarAma dvArA / prAyazcittakutUhala - mukundalAla dvArA /

Page #585
1578 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa prAyazcitsakutUhala-gaNezabhaTTa ke putra evaM anantadeva ke prAyazcittanirUpaNa-bhavadeva bhaTTa dvaaraa| de0 praka0 73 / ziSya raghunAtha dvaaraa| sTIna (pR0 96), hulza (3, ise prakaraNa bhI kahA gayA hai| pR0 56) / zrauta evaM smArta prAyazcittoM pr| laga0 prAyazcittanirUpaNa-ripuJjaya dvaaraa| kalakattA meM 1660-1700 ii0| baMgalA lipi meM mudrita (1883 ii0)| prAyazcittakRtahala-rAmacandra dvaaraa| zUlapANi ke prAya- prAyazcittanirNaya-anantadeva raa| zcittaviveka para aadhaarit| no0 (jilda 10, prAyazcittanirNaya-gopAla nyAyapaMcAnana dvaaraa| raghu0 pR0 197) / ke grantha kA saar| prAyavidhattakaumudI-(urpha prAyazcittaviveka) kRSNadeva praayshcittpttl| ' smArtavAgIza dvaaraa| prAyazcittapati--kAmadeva dvaaraa| pANDu0 san 1669 prAyazcittakomuvI--(upa0 prAyazcittaTippaNI) rAma- meM utArI gyii| auphesTa (293 e)| kRSNa dvaaraa| prAyazcitapaddhati-hemAdri ke putra jambUnAtha sabhAdhIza prAyazcittapatrikA-rAmezvara ke putra mahAdevAtmaja dvaaraa| cAra paTaloM meN| divAkara dvaaraa| rAmezvara kI upAdhi 'kAla' hai| prAyazcittapaddhati--sUryadAsa ke putra rAmacandra dvaaraa| prAyazcittacandrikA-mukundalAla dvaaraa| prAyazcittapArijAta-gaNezamizra mahAmahopAdhyAya prAyazcittacandrikA-bhaiyAlavaMza ke ramApati dvaaraa| dvaaraa| prAyazcisacandrikA-rAdhAkAntadeva dvaaraa| prAyazcittapArijAta-ratnapANi dvaaraa| kAmadhenu kA prAyazcittacandrikA-vizvanAtha bhaTTa dvaaraa| divAkara ullekha hai| no0 (jilda 6, pR0 300) / ko prAyazcittacandrikA meM evaM smArtaprAyazcittoddhAra prAyazcittaprakaraNa-sTIna (10 96, 310) / meM ullikhit| prAyazcittaprakaraNa--bhaTToji dvaaraa|| prAyazcittacintAmaNi--vAcaspati mizradvArA / de0praka0 prAyazcittaprakaraNa-bhavadeva bAlabalabhIbhujaMga dvaaraa| 98 / de0 praka0 73 / praayshcitttttv-rghunndnkRt| de0 praka0 102 / prAyazcittaprakaraNa-rAmakRSNa dvaaraa| jIvAnanda dvArA prakA0 / TI0 kAzInAtha tAlaMkAra prAyazcittaprakAza--balabhadra ke putra pradyotanabhaTTAcArya kaa| dvaaraa| kalakattA meM 1900 meM prakA0 / TI0 rAdhA- prAyazcittapradIpa--smRtikaura tubha (tithi para) dvArA mohana gosvAmI dvArA (baMgalA lipi meM kalakattA meM ullikhit| mudrita, 1885); lekhaka kolabuka kA mitra, caitanya prAyazcittapradIpa--kezavabhaTTa dvaaraa| kA anuyAyI evaM advaitavaMzaja thaa| TI0 Adarza, prAyazcittapradIpa--gopAlasUri dvaaraa| bIkAnera (pR0 niSNarAma siddhAntavAgIza dvaaraa| 137) ke anusAra, kintu aisApratIta hotA hai ki prAyazcittapravApa - dradeva ke pratApanArasiMha dvArA v0| gopAlasUri bIvAyanaprIta ke eka bhASyakAra haiM, 1700 I. ke puurv| jisakA lekhaka zrItaprAyazcitta kA anusaraNa karatA prAyazcittadIpikA-bhAskara dvaaraa| prAyazcitsavIpikA--rAma dvaaraa| prAyazcittapradIpa---panyavaMza ke premanidhi dvaaraa| 1675 prAyazcitsavIpikA--vaidyanAtha ke putra lokanAtha dvArA saM0 (zaka) meM prnniit| bar3odA (saM0 1490) / (usake sakAgamasaMgraha se)| prAyazcitsapradIpa--veMkaTAdhIza ke ziSya varadAdhIza yajvA prAyazvisadIpikA-vAhinIpati dvaaraa| dvaaraa|

Page #586
dharmazAstrIya pramyasUcI prAyazcisapradIpa ratnakheTa zrInivAsadIkSita ke putra rAjacuDAmaNi dvArA | prAyazcittapradIpa rAmazarmA dvArA / prAyazcittapradIpa vAhinIpati dvArA / prAyazcitapradIpa bhavanAtha ke putra zaMkara mizra dvArA / ye vardhamAna ke guru the / 15vIM zatAbdI ke dvitIya evaM tRtIya caraNa meM / prAyazcittapradIpikA-- Apadeva ke putra anantadeva dvArA ( yaha prAyazcittazatadvayI hI hai) / zrItakRtyoM meM prAyazvitoM para / prAyazcittaprayoga anantadIkSita dvArA / prAyazcittaprayogatrayambaka dvaaraa| no0 (jilda 10, 164), AzvalAyana para AdhArita / prAyazcittaprayoga - divAkara dvaaraa| de0 'smArtaprAya cittaprayoga' | trikANDa prAyazcittaprayoga - balazAstrI kAgalakara dvArA / prAyazcittaprayogaratnamAlA - smRtyarthasAra, maNDana, pradIpa, kezavokAra kA 0 hai / prAyazcittamaMjarI -- mahAdeva kelakara ke putra bApUbhaTTa kii| sTIna ( pR0 76 ) ne viracanakAla zaka sa0 1736 likhA hai| 1579 prAyazcittaratnAkara -- ratnAkara mizra dvArA / prAyazcittarahasya - dinakara dvArA / smRtiratnAvalI meM ullikhita / prAyazcitavAridhi -- bhavAnanda dvArA / prAyazcittavidhi - bhAskara dvaaraa| prAyazcittavidhi - mayUra appayadIkSita dvaaraa| hemAdri evaM mAdhava kA ullekha hai / prAyazcittavidhi - vasiSThasmRti se / prAyazcittavidhi - zaunaka kRta kahI gayI hai| prAyazcittanirNaya - anantadeva kRta / prAyazcittavinirNaya-bhaTToji dvArA | prAyazcittavinirNaya- yazodhara bhaTTa dvArA / prAyazcittavivekazUlapANi dvArA de0 praka0 95 / bar3odA (sa0 10849, saM0 1501, arthAt 944445 I0), jIvAnanda dvArA mudrita / To0 tattvArthakaumudI, gaNapati ke putra govindAnanda dvArA / de0 praka0 101 / jovAnanda dvArA prakA0 / TI0 kaumudI yA TippaNI, rAmakRSNa dvArA TI0 nigUDhaprakAzikA no0 nyU0 (jilda 2, pR0 114) prAyazcittaviveka - - zrInAthakRta / laga0 1475-1525 ii| prAyazcitamanohara -- kRSNamizra ke putra evaM rAmabhadra tathA prAyazcittavivekIddhAMta -- madanaratna kA eka aMza / de0 kezavamizra ke ziSya murArimizra / prAyazcittamayUkha- nIlakaNTha kRta / de0 praka0 107 / dharapure dvArA prakA0 / prAyazcitamArtaNDa mArtaNDamizra kRta / mitra, no0 (jilda 7, pR0 saM0 2252, zaka saM0 1544 arthAt 1622- 23 I0 ) / prAyazcittanuktAvalo - mahAdeva ke putra divAkara dvArA ( unake dharmazAstrasudhAnidhi kA aMza ) / lekhaka ke putra vaidyanAtha dvArA anukramaNI / prAyazcitamuktAvalI -- rAmacandra bhaTTa dvArA / prAyazcirAratna -- kamalAkara bhaTTa dvArA / zUdrakamalAkara meM va0 / prAyazcisaratnamAlA - rAmacandra dIkSita dvArA / 126 praka0 94 / prAyazcittavyavasthAsaMkSepa-- cintAmaNi nyAyAlaMkAra bhaTTAcArya dvArA / no0 (jilda 4, saM0 1580 ) / inhoMne tithi, vyavahAra udvAha, zrAddha, drAya para bhI 'saMkSepa' likhA hai / pANDu0 tithi zaka saM0 1611 / prAyazcittavyavasthAgraha - mohanacandra dvArA / prAyazcittavyavasthAsAra -- amRtanAtha dvArA / prAyazcittazatadvayo - bhAskara dvaaraa| cAra prakaraNoM meN| / ni0 si0 raghunAtha ke prAyazcitta kutuhala bhAviprakAzitatrakaraNa meM va0 / 1550 I0 ke pUrva / saM0 TI0 veMkaTeza vAjapeyayAjI dvArA; pANDu tithi 1641 (1584-5 I0) / sTIna ( pR0 311) /

Page #587
1580 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa prAyazcittazatadvayokArikA--gopAla svAmI dvArA prAyazcisasArasaMgraha-ratnAkara mizra dvaaraa| (bodhaayniiy)| prAyazcittasArAvali--bahannAradIyapUrANa kA eka aMza / prAyazcittazlokapati-govinda dvaaraa| prAyazcittasudhAnidhi-mAyaNa ke putra evaM mAdhavAcArya prAyazcittasaMkSepa-cintAmaNi nyAyAlaGkAra dvaaraa| ke bhAI sAyaNa dvaaraa| de0 pra0 92 ___sambhavataH yaha uparyukta prAyazcittavyavasthAsaMkSepa hI hai| prAyazcittasubodhinI-zrInivAsamakhI dvArA (ApaprAyazcittasaMgraha-kRSNadeva smArtavAgIza dvaaraa| no0 stmbiiy)| nyU0 (1, pR0 239) / prAyazcittasetu--sadAzaMkara dvaaraa| prAyazcitsasaMgraha-devarAja dvaaraa| yaha hindI meM hai| prAyazcittAdhyAya----mahArAjasahasramalla zrIpati ke putra kAzI ke mahArAja cetasiMha ke lie likhita; mahAdeva ke nibandhasarvasva kA tRtIya adhyAya / iNDi0 1770-1781 ii0| A0 (jilda 3, pR0 555) / prAyazcittasaMgraha-nArAyaNa bhaTTa dvArA / zUlapANi raghu0, prAyazcittAnukramaNikA--vaidyanAtha dIkSita dvaaraa| smRtisAgarasAra kA ullekha hai, ataH 1600 I0 ke prAyazcittenduzekhara---zivabhaTTa evaM satI ke putra nAgojiuparAnta / prAyazcitta ko paribhASA yoM dI huI hai--- bhaTTa dvaaraa| de0 praka0 110 ; pANDu0 (no0, jilda 'pApakSayamAtrakAmanAjanyakRtiviSayaH pApakSayasAdhana- 5, pR0 23) kI tithi saM0 1848 (1781-82 kama praayshcittm|' prAyazcittasadodaya-devezvara ke putra sadArAma dvaaraa| prAyazcittenduzekharasArasaMgraha-zivabhaTTa evaM satI ke putra prAyazcittasamuccaya--trilocanaziva dvaaraa| nAgoji dvaaraa| iNDi0 A0 (jilda 3, pR0 555) / prAyazcitasamuccaya--bhAskara dvaaraa| prAyazcittoDyota-dinakara dvaaraa| dinakarodyota kA prAyazcitasAra-tryambakabhaTTa molha dvaaraa| bNsh| prAyazcittasAra---dalapati dvArA (nRsiMhaprasAda kA aNsh)| prAyazcittodyota-madanasiMha deva dvArA (madanaratna kA de0 praka0 99 / aNsh)| de0 praka0 94 // prAyazcittasAra-bhaTToji dokSita dvaaraa| jayasiMha- prAyazcittodvAra-mahAdeva ke putra divAkara ('kAla' kalpadruma dvArA v0| upAdhi) dvArA (isake anya nAma haiM smArtaprAyazcitta prAyazcittasAra-zrImadAucA zukla dIkSita dvaaraa| evaM smaartnisskRtipddhti)| bar3odA (saM0 1334, pratApanArasiMha meNv0| de0bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0esa0 1543 evaM 1663) / (pR0 224) / prAyazcittaughasAra--aparAdhoM ko cAra zIrSakoM meM bA~TA prAyazcittasAra--harirAma dvaaraa| gayA hai-ghora, mahAparAdha, marSaNIya (kSantavya) evaM prAyazcittasAra--yAdavendra vidyAbhUSaNa ke smRtisAra se| laghu (aura inake prAyazcitte pr)| no0 nyU0 (1, pR0 240), pANDu0 tithi 1613 prAsAdadIpikA--jaTamallavilAsa dvArA v0| 1500 I0 ke puurv| prAyazcitasArakaumudI--vanamAlI dvaaraa| no0 nyU0 prAsAvapratiSThA--gRhari ('paNDharapura' upAdhi) dvaaraa| (jilda 9, pR0 58) / pratiSThAmayUkha evaM matsyapurANa para aadhaarit| prAyazcittasArasaMgraha-Anandacandra dvaaraa| no0 nyU0 bhaDakamakara saMgraha meM pANDu0 za0saM0 1714 meM utArI (jilda 3, pR0 126) / gyii| ni0 si0 evaM rAmavAjapeyI kA ullekha hai| prAyazcittasArasaMgraha-nAgojibhaTTa dvArA / de0 pr0110| prAsAvapratiSThA--bhAguNimizra dvaaraa|

Page #588
dharmazAstrIya granthasUcI 1581 prAsAdapratiSThAdISiti - ( rAjadharma kaustubha kA aMza) bahna cAhnika- rAmacandra ke putra kamalAkara ke dvArA / usake prAyazcittaratna kA u0 hai / anantadeva dvArA / de0 praka0 109 / prAsAdazivapratiSThAvidhi - kamalAkara dvArA / de0 praka0 bAdarAyaNasmRti - prAyazcittamayUkha evaM nItivAkyAmRta kI TI0 meM ullikhita / bArhaspatyamuhUrta vidhAna / bArhaspatyasmRti --- hemAdri dvArA va0 / bArhaspatya saMhitA - garbhAdhAna, puMsavana, upanayana evaM anya saMskAroM ke muhUrtI tathA zakunoM para / vIramitrodaya ( lakSaNaprakAza, pR0 356 ) ne gadya evaM padya meM hAthiyoM ke viSaya meM isakA uddharaNa diyA hai| pretamaJjarI --- ( yA pretapaddhati ) dyAdumizra dvArA / bArhaspatyasUtra -- paMjAba saM0 sI0 meM prakA0 / nItisarvasva 106 / pretakRtyanirNaya | pretakRtyAdinirNaya --- ajJAta / pretapradIpakA - gopInAtha agnihotrI dvArA / pretapradIpa kRSNamitrAcArya dvArA / pretamaJjarI --- de0 ha0 pra0 ( 17 ), pANDu0 kI tithi 1707 I0 hai / alavara (saM0 1403 ) / pretamuktivA -- zemarAja dvArA / pretazrAddha vyavasthAkArikA -- smArtavAgIza dvArA / prauDha matAjamArtaNDa -- ( yA kAlanirNayasaMgraha) pratAparudradeva dvArA de0 pratApamArtaNDa / phalapradIpa -- nRsiMha ke prayogapArijAta meM ullikhita / sambhavataH kevala jyotiSa grantha hai / phalAbhiSeka | babhrusmRti - parAzaramAdhavIya meM va0 / balavevAhnika- mahAbhArata se saMgRhIta / bahasasUtra | bahirmAtRkA / bahiryAgapUjA / bahna cakArikA - ni0 si0 meM va0 / bahna. karmaprayoga -- ( zAkala ke anusAra ) no0 (jilda 10, pR0 5) / bahna. cagRhyakArikA -- zAkalAcArya dvArA / de0 barnela, taMjaura kaiTalAga ( pR0 14 bI) / yaha uparyukta hI hai| samayamayUkha meM va0 / bahna gRhyapariziSTa - hemAdri, raghu0 evaM ni0 si0 meM ullikhita / bahU cazrAddhaprayoga / bahvacaSoDazakarmamantravivaraNa / bahu casandhyApaddhatibhASya / nAma bhI hai| bAlabodhaka - AnandacandrakRta prAyazcitta para 46 zlokoM meN| bAlamaraNavidhikartavyatA / bAlambhaTTI -- lakSmI devI dvaaraa| AcAra, vyavahAra evaM prAyazcitta para / gharapure dvArA prakA0 / gharapure ne vyavahAra ke aMza kA anuvAda kiyA hai| de0 praka0 111 / bAlAkya - nRsiMhaprasAda ( dAnasAra ) meM va0 / bAlAvabodhapaddhati - zAMkhAyanagRhyasUtra para / bASkalasmRti-- mitAkSarA (yAjJa0 3 / 58) dvArA va0 / buddhiprakAza -- raghu0 dvArA ullikhita / budhabhUSaNa -- zambhu rAjadvArA ( mahArAja zivAjI ke putra ) / 1680-1689 I0 / rAjanIti Adi para gavarnameNTa orieNTala sI0 ( pUnA, 1926) dvArA prakA0 / buSasmRti - eka pRSTha kA (padya meM) nibandha / Da0 kA 0 pANDu0 (saM0 207 ), 1881-82 evaM saM0 145, 1895-1902) / dharma ko 'zreyobhyudayasAdhana' kahA gayA hai / upanayana, vivAha, garbhAdhAna Adi saMskAroM, paMcamahAyajJa, pAkayajJa, haviyaMjJa, somayAga, sarvasAdhAraNa niyamoM, cAroM varNoM, vAnaprastha, yati evaM rAjadharma ke karmoM kA sAra diyA gayA hai| de0 hemAdri ( 3|2| 746 ) / iNDi0 A0 ( jilda 3, pR0 386 ) /

Page #589
1582 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa yaha prAyazcittamayUkha meM va0 hai / de0 praka0 25 / baudhAyanagRhyakArikA - kanakasabhApati dvArA / TI0 harirAma dvArA / budhASTamI / budhASTamIvratakAlanirNaya / budhASTamIvratodyApana --sTIna ( pR0 96 ) / bRhajjAtiviveka -- gopInAtha kavi dvaaraa| bar3odA (saM0 9705) / bRhatpArAzarasmRti - jIvAnanda (bhAga 3, pR053309) / bRhatsaMhitA - vyAsa dvArA / bRhadyama -- AnandAzrama 0 ( pR0 99 107 ) / bRhadratnAkara - vAmanabhaTTa dvArA / bahuvrAjamArtaNDa - malamAsatattva evaM saMskAratattva meM raghu0 dvArA va0 / bRhadvasiSTha smRti - mitAkSarA, madana0, halAyudhadvArA u0 / bRhadviSNusmRti / bRhadvyAsa -- mitA0 dvArA va0 / bRhaspatizAnti - - anantadeva kRta saMskArakaustubha se / bRhaspatismRti-- de0 praka0 37 / jIvA0 (bhAga 1, pR0 644-651) evaM AnandA0 ( pR0 108-111) / TI0 hemAdri (parizeSakhaNDa, kAla0, pR0 399 ) meM va0 / baijavApa ( yA pi) gRhya - - mImAMsAsUtra ( 1|3|11 ) ke tantravArtika meM kumArilabhaTTa dvArA va0, yathA-'AzvalAyanakaM sUtra baijavApikRtaM tathA / ' baijavApismRti - aparArka ( zubha mRttikA evaM sapiNDana ke viSayaka zlokoM meM) dvArA 10 | baijavApAyana -- hemAdri dvArA va0 / bopaNabhaTTIya- isakI TIkA mAdhavamuni dvArA likhita hai / baudhAyana gRhya --- maisUra meM prakA0 (DA0 zAmazAstrI dvArA sampA0 ) ; gRhya ke cAra prazna, gRhyasUtraparibhASA para do, gRhyazeSa para pA~ca, pitRmedhasUtra para tIna evaM pitRmedhazeSa para eka prshn| yaha bauvAyanagRhyazeSasUtra (26) hai, jisameM putrapratigRha (goda lene) para eka vacana hai jo vasiSThavarmasUtra se bahuta milatA hai| TI. pUraNavyAkhyA, aSTAvakralikhita | TI0 bhASya (ziSTibhASya ), hulza (2, saM0 668 ) / aterer gRhyapaddhati - kezavasvAmI dvArA / baudhAyana gRhyapariziSTa - hATiGga dvArA sampA0 / atara guhyaprayogamAlA - cauNDa yA cAuNDa ke putra rAma dvaaraa| alavara ( uddharaNa 21 ) | prayogasAra kA ullekha hai / baudhAyanaMgRhyaprAyazcitasUtra / baudhAyanatati-- gRhya karmoM para / baudhAyanadharmasUtra - de0 praka0 6, AnandA0 ( pR0 425484) evaM maisUra ga0 saM0 sI0 / TI0 govindasvAmI dvArA (vahI, maisUra ) / TI0 amala, paramezvara pari vrAjaka dvaaraa| aterer saMgraha / bodhAyanasmAtaprayoga - kanakasabhApati dvArA hulza (riporTa 2 saM0 672) / baudhAyanasmRti / baudhAyanAhnika-vidyApati dvArA / baudhAyanIyapariziSTa-raghu0 ke Ahnikatattva dvArA / brahmagarbhasmRti-- mitAkSarA (yAjJa0 3 / 268, aparArka evaM smRtica0 dvArA va0 ) / brahmacArivratalopaprAyazcittaprayoga - trI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 esa0 (jilda 2, pR0 246 ) / brahmadattabhASya-- raghu0 ke zuddhitattva meM va0 evaM kalpata dvArA u0, ataH 1100 ke pUrva / yaha zAMkhAyanagRhya para TI0 pratIta hotI hai / brahmaprakAzikA - ( sandhyAmantra para TI0) mahezamizra ke putra vanamAlimizra dvArA / brahmayajJaziroratna - narasiMha dvArA / brahmasaMskAramaJjarI - nArAyaNa Thakkura dvArA murAribhASya, uvaTabhASya, pAraskaragRhyabhASya meM va brahmodanaprAyazcitta- bar3odA (saM0 6789 DI ) / brAhmaNapaddhati | brAhmaNasarvasva halAyudha dvArA / de0 praka0 72 / kalakattA meM 1893 I0 evaM banArasa meM prakA0 / brAhmavadhasmRti - mitAkSarA (yAjJa0 3 / 257 ) meM va0 /

Page #590
dharmazAstrIya pranyasUcI bhaktijayArNava - - raghunandana dvArA sambhavataH prasiddha raghunandana bhaTTAcArya se bhinna / no0 nyU0 ( 1, pR0 251) / bhaktiprakAza--ATha udyotoM meM vaidya raghunandana dvArA / bhaktimArga maryAdA -- viTThalezvara dvArA / bhaktimArgasaMgraha vallabhasaMpradAya ke lie| bhaktiratnAkara - zivadAsa ke putra dvaaraa| bhaktirasAmRta sindhu -- sunAtana dvArA / 1463 zakasaM0 ( 1541-42 I0) meM pragIta / bhaktijayArNava meM va0 TI0 jIvakRta 'durgasaMgamanI' | bhaktirasArNava- kRSNadAsa dvArA / bhaktirahasya - - somanAtha dvArA / bhAgaviveka --- ( dhanabhAgaviveka) zrInAtha ke putra bhaTTa rAmajit dvaaraa| TI0 mitavAdinI, lekhaka dvArA | mitAkSarA para AvRta / bhAradvAjagAyaM pariNayapratiSedhavAdArtha - bhAradvAja bhakti dhanI - ballabhAcArya dvArA / gArgya gotra vAloM meM vivAha ke niSedha para / bhaktiviveka - zrInivAsa dvArA ( rAmAnuja sampradAya bhAradvAjagRhya-lIDena meM DA0 je0 DablU0 sAlamana dvArA sampA0 / TI0 kapadasvAmI dvaaraa| TI0 gRhyaprayogavRtti, bhaTTaraMga dvArA / bhAradvAjazrAddhakANDavyAkhyA / ke lie) / bhaktihaMsa - viTThaleza dvArA | bhaktihetunirNaya viTThaleza / TI0 raghunAtha dvaaraa| bhagavatsmRti smRticandrikA evaM AcAramayUkha dvArA v| bhagavadarcanavidhi- raghunAtha dvArA bhagavadbhaktinirNaya--. ( yA bhagavadbhaktiviveka ) Apadeva ke putra anantadeva dvArA de0 praka0 109 / bhagavadbhaktiratnAvalI --- viSNupurI dvArA kAzoM meM praNIta / lekhaka maithila the| TI0 kAntimAlA, lekhaka dvArA zaka 1555 phAlguna ( 1634 I0 ) meM praNIta / bhaNDArakara (san 1887 - 21 I0 ) / bhagavadbhaktirasAyana - madhusUdana sarasvatI dvArA / bhagavadbhaktivilAsa -prabodhAnanda ke ziSya gopAlabhaTTa dvArA / 20 vilAmoM meM, vaiSNavoM ke lie| gadAdhara ke kAlasAra meM va0 TI0 ( kalakattA meM san 1845 meM prakA0 ) / bhagavantabhAskara -- ( yA smRtibhAskara) nIlakaNTha dvArA / 1.2 mayUkhoM meM vibhakta / de0 pra0 107 / sampUrNa prakA0 (banArasa, 1879-80) / bhaTTakArikA - ni0 si0 meM va0 / 1583 bharadvAjasmRti-de0 praka0 27| TI0 bAlambhaTTa dvArA | bhartRsahagamanavidhi / bhallATasaMgraha - ni0 si0 ( janmanakSatraphala para ) meM va0 / sambhavataH kevala jyotiSa para / racaftendha-- prAyazcittamayUkha meM ba0 / sambhavataH bhavadeva bhaTTa kA prAyazcittanirUpaNa / de0 pra0 73 / bhasma rogaprakAza | bhasmavAdAvalI | evaM bhAradvAjasaMhitA- de0 bhAradvAjasmRti ! bhAradvAjasmRti- isa para mahAdeva evaM veNI ke putra vaidyanAtha pAyaguNDe (nAgoji ke ziSya) kI TI0 hai / de0 praka0 111 bhAradvAjatyabhASya trikANDamaNDana meM bhAskara dvArA va0 / yaha sambhavataH bhAradvAjagRhya para karpAdabhASya hai / harihara dvArA pAraskaragRhyasUtrabhASya meM va0 / bhArgavArcanacandrikA - tithinirNaya meM bhaTToji dvArA va0 / bhArgavAcanadIpikA ni0 si0 evaM rAmakalpadruma meM va0 / bhArgavAnadIpikA - sAbAjI ( yA mbAjI) yA pratAparAja dvaaraa| alavara (uddharaNa 648 ) / bhAviprAyazcitta (yA bhAviprakAzitaprAyazcittaprakaraNa) ajJAta mAdhavAcArya dvArA va0 / bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 esa0 (jilda 2, pR0 197) / bhASyArthasaMgraha - hemAdri ( 3|1|1360, jahA~ eka upajAti chanda meM padoM kA ullekha hai ), smRticandrikA ( AzIca para), mAdhava ( kAlanirNaya meM) dvArA va0 / 1000-1200 I0 ke bIca /

Page #591
1584 bhAskarAhnika | bhikSutattva - mahAdevatIrtha ke ziSya zrIkaNThatIrtha dvArA | yatidharma evaM anya saMnyAsagrahaNArthI logoM ke kartavyoM para | no0 nyU0 (jilda 1, pR0 260 ) / bhImaparAkrama ---- govindAnanda kI zuddhikaumudI meM, zrAddha saukhya (ToDarAnanda) evaM tithitattva meM va0 / yaha jyotiSa-grantha sA lagatA hai / bhuktidIpikA --- grahaNa ke pUrva bhojana karane ke prazna para / bhuktiprakaraNa -- kamalAkara dvArA / bhujabalabhIma -- bhojarAja dvArA / de0 praka0 64 / zUlapANi ( zrAddhaviveka) evaM ToDarAnanda dvArA va0 / jyotiSa-grantha | bhUpratimAdAna / bhRgusmRti - vizvarUpa, dharmazAstra kA itihAsa mitAkSarA, aparArka dvArA va0 / bhairavAcapArijAta - jaitrasiMha dvArA / maNDapakartavyatApUjApaddhati -- zivarAma zukla dvArA / bhUtazuddhi-- auphesTa kA lipajiga kaiTalAga (saM0 maNDapakuNDa maNDana -- narasiMhabhaTTa saptarSi dvaaraa| TI0 prakA538) / bhUtazuddhacAdiprANapratiSThA - - ophesTa (saM0 537) / bhUpAlakRtya samuccaya-- caNDezvara ke kRtyaratnAkara ( pR0 499) meM va0 / sambhavataH yaha bhoja dhArezvara kA grantha hai| zikA ( lekhaka kRta ) / maNDapakuNDasiddhi-- varazarmA ke putra viTThaladIkSita dvArA / za0 saM0 1541 (1619-20 I0 ) meM kAzI meM praNIta / vivRti ( lekhaka dvArA ); kuNDakaumudI, kuNDa ratnAkara, pratiSThAsArasaMgraha, prayogasAra, rAmavAjapeyI ke ullekha haiM / maNDapanirNaya-- utsargamayUkha meM ullikhita / bhUpAlapaddhati -- kuNDAkRti meM va0 / bhUpAlavallabha -- parazurAma dvArA / dharma, jyotiSa ( phalita), sAhitya-zAstra Adi para eka vizvakoza; ni0 si0, nirNayadIpaka, kAlanirNayasiddhAntavyAkhyA meM va0 / maNDapaprakaraNa / maNDapodvAsanaprayoga - dharaNIdhara ke putra dvArA / maNDalakArikA -- oNpharUTa (saM0 647 ) / maNDaladevatAsthApana ---- ophesTa (saM0 648 ) | mataparIkSA / matoddhAra -- zakarapaNDita dvArA / jImUtavAhana ( kAlaviveka), bhairavAcapArijAta - zrIniketana ke putra evaM sundararAja ke ziSya zrInivAsabhaTTa dvArA / bhraSTavaiSNavakhaNDana -- zrIdhara dvArA / makarandaprakAza--- harikRSNa siddhAnta dvArA / Ahnika, saMskAra pr| pANDu0 ( bIkAnera, pR0 416) kI tithi saM0 1725 (1668- 9 I0 ) / maGgalanirNaya -- kezava daivajJa ke putra gaNeza dvArA upanayana, vivAha Adi ke kRtyoM para / maJjarI - - bahuta-se granthoM ke nAma ke anta meM AtI hai, yathA--gotrapravaramaJjarI, smRtimaJjarI (govindarAjakRta) / maThapratiSThAtattva --- raghunandanakRta / de0 praka0 102 / maThAmnAyAdivicAra - zaMkarAcArya sampradAya ke pramukha sAta maThoM ke dhArmika kRtyoM para / no0 (jilda 10, 256 ) evaM sTIna ( pR0 312 ) / maThotsarga -- kamalAkara dvArA seM0 prA0 (saM0 3771 72) / maThotsarga -- mAgnideva dvArA (seM0 prA0 (saM0 3770 ) / maNimaJjarocchedinI / mathurAsetu -- Apadeva ke putra anantadeva dvArA smRtikaustubha meM va0 / 0 praka0 109 / madanapArijAta --- madanapAla kA kahA gayA hai (vizvezvara bhaTTa dvArA praNIta) / de0 praka0 93 / madanamahArNava- de0 ' mahArNava' | madanaratna --- ( yA madanaratnapradIpa) madanasiMhadeva kA kahA gayA hai| de0 praka0 94 / alavara (uddharaNa (336, samayodyota kA ) / bar3odA (saM0 4035, zuddhi para saM0 1551, 1494-5 I0 ) ; isameM

Page #592
dharmazAstrIya pranyasUcI lekhaka kA nAma bhaTTa vizvanAtha zrImAligUrjara hai / madhuparka nirNaya / madhuparkapaddhati / madhyamAMgirasasmRti-- mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 243, 247, 257, 260 ) meM va0 / madhyAhnaka | manusmRti - ( yA mAnavadharmazAstra) de0 praka0 31 / To0 manvarthamuktAvalI, kullUkabhaTTa dvArA ; de0 praka0 88; vaha vArendrI (baMgAla meM rAjazAhI ) ke nivAsI the| TI0 manvAzayAnusAriNI, govindarAjakRta ( vI0 ena0 mANDalika dvArA prakA0 ) ; dekhie praka0 76 / To0 nandinI, nandanAcArya dvArA pazcAt kAlIna lekhaka (vI0 ena0 mANDalika dvArA prakA0 ) / To0 manvarthacandrikA, rAghavAnanda sarasvatI dvArA / 1400 I0 ke pazcAt ( vI0 ena0 mANDalika dvArA prakA0 ) | TI0 sukhabodhinI, maNirAmadIkSita (gaMgArAma ke putra) dvArA (sTIna, pR0 98 ) / TI0 manvarthavivRti, nArAyaNa sarvajJa dvArA 1100 - 1300 I0 ke bIca ( vI0 ena0 mANDalika dvArA prakA0 ) / TI0 asahAya dvArA (de0 praka0 58) / TI0 udayakara dvArA; vi0 20 meM va0; 1300 I0 ke pUrva / TI0 upAdhyAya dvArA; medhAtithibhASya meM va0 / TI0 RjudvArA; medhAtithibhASya meM va0 / TI0 kRSNanAtha dvaaraa| TI0 dharaNIdhara dvArA ; kullUkabhaTTa dvArA va0 ; 950-1200 I0 ke bIca TI0 bhAguri dvArA; vi0 ra0 meM va0 / de0 praka0 31 / TI0 (bhAdhya ) meghAtithi dvArA de0 pra0 63 ( mAMDalika, ghArapure dvArA pra0 ) / TI0 yajvA dvArA; medhAtithi meM va0 TI0 rAmacandra dvArA (vI0 ena0 mANDalika dvArA prakA0 ) / TI0 rucidatta dvaaraa| TI0 ajJAta (koI kazmIrI ), DA0 jAlI dvArA kucha aMza prakA0 / mantrakamalAkara kamalAkara dvArA / mantrakoza -- AcAramayUkha meM ullikhita / mantrakoza -- AzAditya tripAThI dvArA, 20 paricchedoM meM ( dAkSiNAtya ), cAra kANDoM meM sAmavedagRhyasUtra 1585 ke mantra vyAkhyAyita haiN| pANDu0 (no0, jilda 10, pR0 122 ) kI tithi za0 saM0 1717 (1795 I0) / mantratantraprakAza ---- ekAdazItattva meM raghunandana dvArA va0 / mantraprakAza ---dIkSAtattva meM raghunandana dvArA va0 / mantra tantrabhASya -- haradatta dvArA / de0 ekAgnikANDamantravyAkhyA / mantramuktAvalI -- raghu0 ke zuddhitattva evaM malamAsa tattva meM ullikhita / mantraratnadIpikA -- ahalyAkAmadhenu meM va0 / mantra sArasaMgraha - sadAcAracandrikA meM va0 / mantrasArasaMgraha -- zivarAma dvArA / mayUracitraka - - ( yA meghamAlA yA ratnamAlA) nArada kA kahA gayA hai| Asanna varSA, durbhikSa Adi para / ballAlasena ke adbhutasAgara meM va0 / mayUracitraka - bhaTTaguru dvArA ; sAta khaNDoM meM TrAenI ela kaiTalAga (madrAsa, 1919 - 22, pR0 4404) / maraNakarma paddhati -- yajurvedagRhyasUtra se sambandhita kahI gayI hai / maraNasAmayika nirNaya --- mRtyu ke samaya kRtya evaM prAyazcittoM ke viSaya meN| bIkAnera kaiTalAga (pu0 420) / marIcismRti-de0 praka0 48 / maryAdAsindhu -- puruSottama kI dravyazuddhidIpikA meM va0 / malamAsakAryAkAryanirNaya / malamAsa tattva -- ( yA malimlucatattva) raghunandana kRta / jIvAnanda dvArA prakA0 / TI0 rAdhAvallabha ke putra evaM rAmakRSNa ke pautra kAzIrAma vAcaspati dvArA / 0 mathurAnAtha dvaaraa| TI0 TippaNI, rAdhAmohana dvaaraa| TI0 vRndAvana dvaaraa| TI0 harirAma dvArA / malamAsanirUpaNa / malamAsanirNaya - dazaputra dvArA / malamAsanirNaya -- bhavadeva ke putra bRhaspati dvaaraa| bar3odA (saM0 12851 ) / malamAsanirNaya - narasiMha ke putra vaJcezvara dvArA /

Page #593
1586 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa malamAsanirNayatantrasAra-vAsudeva dvaaraa| mhaaprvrnirnny| malamAsarahasya----bhavadeva ke putra bRhaspati dvaaraa| za0 mahApravarabhASya----puruSottama dvaaraa| gotrapravaramaMjarI ___ saM0 1603 (1681-2 I0) meM! meM v0| malamAsavicAra--- ajJAta ; 1579 I0 meM praNIta (bIkA- mahAndrakarmakalApaddhati / nera, pR0 417) / tithi sambhavataH 1679 (1600 mhaadrjphompuujaapti| zaka) hai. mahArudranyAsapaddhati---balabhadra dvAga! mlmaasaaghmrssnnii--ajnyaat| mahArudrapaddhati---de.. mudrklpdm| malamAsArthasaMgraha-guruprasAda zarmA dvaaraa| no0 nyU0 mahArudrapaddhati---vatsarAja ne putra andaladeva dvivedI dvArA (jilda 1, pR0 279) / (zAMkhAyana ke anusaar)| laga0 1518 I0 / mhaagnnptipuujaapddhti| mahArudrapaddhati--vizvanAtha ke putra anantadIkSita ('yajJomahAdAnanirNaya---vAcaspati mizra kI sahAyatA se mithilA- pavIta' upAdhi) dvaaraa| nArAyaNa bhaTTa kA prayogaratna rAja bhairavendra dvArA / pANDu 0 (ha0 pra0, pR0 12, 36 u0 hai, ataH 15:560 ke uparAnta / isakA nAma evaM 122) tithi la saM0 392 (1511 I.) mahArudraprayogapaddhati bhI hai| vaMzAvalI yo dI huI hai---bhaveza, unake putra harisiMha mahArudrapaddhati ----- kAzIdIkSita jaay| rudraka gaduma meM va0 / deva, unake putra bhairavendra (rUpanArAyaNa, anyatra hari- mahArudragati-- (AzvalAyana ke anusAra) nArAyaNa naaraaynn)| de0 alavara (saM0 1413), jahA~ yaha dvaaraa| grantha mahAdAnaprayogapaddhati kahA gayA hai| mahArudrapaddhati--(sAmaveda ke anusAra) karNa ke putra mahAdAnapaddhati-rUpanArAyaNa dvArA iNDi0 A0 prshraamdvaaraa| zadrakamalAkaradvArA 0 / 1459 (pR0 550, tithi za0 saM0 1452 arthAt 1530 I0 meM prnniit| I hai, kyoMki vikRti varSa ThIka baiThatA hai) ise mahArudrapaddhati-....balabhadra dvaaraa| mahAdAna prayogapaddhati bhI kahA gayA hai| vAcaspati mahArudrapaddhati----gurjaradeza ke zrIsthala meM ratnabhaTTAtmaja (dvaitanirNaya), kamalAkara (dAnamayUkha) ne ullikhita nigalAbhaTTa ke putra mAla jit (mAlajI) dvaaraa| kiyA hai| grantha kA nAma rudrArcanamaMjarI evaM lekhaka kA vedAMgarAya mahAdAnapaddhati---vizvezvara dvaaraa| bhI kahA gayA hai| laga0 1627-1655 I0 / mahAdAnavAkyAvalo---golI saMjIvezvara mizra ke putra alavara (saM0 1415) / ratnapANi mizra dvaaraa| isameM itihAsasamuccaya kA mahArudrapaddhati-- (gobhilIya) rAmanandrAcArya dvaaraa| ullekha hai| bar3odA (saM0 1250) / mhaadaanaanukrmnnikaa| mahArudrapaddhati--viSNuzarmA dvaaraa| mhaadiipdaanvidhi| mahArudrapaddhati---trigalAbhaTTa ke putra vedAMgarAya dvaaraa| mahAdevaparicaryAprayoga--- (baudhAyanIya) raghurAma tIrtha ke yaha mAlajI kA hI grantha hai| ziSya surezvara svAmI dvaaraa| no0 (jilda 10, mhaarudryjnypti| pR0 239) / mahArNava-(yA mahArNavaprakAza) hemAdri (jilda 3, mahAdevIya---nirNayAmRta dvaaraa| bhAga 1, pR0 183, 1440) evaM zalapANi (zrAddhamahApradIparatnapaddhati----no0 nyU0 (1, pR0 280) / viveka) dvArA va0 / ise smRtimahArNava (yA prakAza mahAprayogasAra---raghu0 dvArA Ahnikatattva meM ullikhit| bhI) kahA gayA hai| de0 praka0 8 /

Page #594
dharmazAstrIya granthasUcI mahArNava - - ( karmavipAka ) madanapAla ke putra mAndhAtA kRta mAnA gayA hai| de0 praka0 93 / mahArNava - poGga bhaTTa (? pedibhaTTa) ke putra vizvezvarabhaTTa dvArA / de0 praka0 93 (no0 jilda 7 pR0 121) / mAndhAtA - likhita mahArNava hI hai| mahArNavavratArka / mahAlayaprayoga | mahAlaya zrAddhapaddhati / mahAviSNupUjApaddhati---akhaNDAnubhUti ke ziSya akhaNDA nanda dvArA / mahAviSNupUjApaddhati -caitanyagiri dvArA | mahAzAnti---zuddhi evaM zAnti se sambandhita kRtyoM para do adhyAya ( krama se 18 evaM 25 prakaraNoM meM ) / mahAzivarAtri nirNaya - kazmIra ke kRSNarAma dvArA / mahASTamI nirNaya / mahiSIdAna / mahiSIdAnamantra | mahezvarama dharma / mAMsa nirNaya duNDhi dvArA / mAMsa pIyUSalatA - - rAmabhadraziSya dvArA (seM0 prA0 kaiTA lAga, saM0 4143) / mAMsabhakSaNadIpikA-veNIrAma zAkadvIpI dvArA / mAMsamImAMsA -- rAmezvara bhaTTa ke putra nArAyaNa bhaTTa dvArA / ni0 si0 dvArA va0 / mAMsaviveka bhaTTa dAmodara dvArA / batalAyA gayA hai ki masarpaNa ke prayoga Ajakala vihita nahIM haiN| mAMsaviveka -- ( yA mAMsatattvaviveka) vizvanAtha paMcAnana dvArA / 1634 I0 meM praNIta / sarasvatIbhavana sI0 meM prakA0 / ise mAMsa tattvavicAra bhI kahA gayA hai| mAghodyApana / mANDavyasmRti-- jImUtavAhana ( kAlaviveka), hemAdri, dAnamayUkha dvArA vR0 / mAtulasutApariNaya | mAtRgotranirNaya -- nArAyaNa dvArA / mAtRgotranirNaya-- rudrakavIndra ke putra 127 mudgalAtmaja 1587 laugAkSa bhAskara dvArA ( bar3odA, saM0 1463) / mAdhyandinIya brAhmaNIM meM vivAha ke lie mAtRgotra varjita hai| mAtRdattIya -- hiraNyakezisUtra para TI0 / ni0 si0 meM va0 / mAtRsAMvatsarika zrAddhaprayoga | mAtRsthApanAprayoga | mAtrAdizrAddhanirNaya kokila dvArA / mAdhavaprakAza--- ( yA sadAcAracandrodaya) / de0 'AcAracandrodaya' / mAdhavIya kAlanirNaya de0 mAdhavakRta 'kAlanirNaya' / mAdhavIyasArodvAra -- nArAyaNa ke putra rAmakRSNa dIkSita dvArA | mahArAjAdhirAja lakSmaNacandra ke lie likhita, parAzaramAdhavIya kA eka aMza / sTIna ( pR0 309 ) / laga0 1575- 1600 I0 / mAdhavollAsa -- raghunandana dvArA devapratiSThAtattva ( pR0 509) meM va0 / mAdhyandinIyAcArasaMgrahadIpikA -- padmanAbha dvArA / arrayer - (knaura dvArA sampA0 evaM gAyakavAr3a orieNTala sI0 meM prakAzita) / 'puruSa' nAmaka do bhAgoM meN| TI0 (bhASya) aSTAvakra dvArA, yAjJavalkya, gautama, parAzara, baijavApa, zabarasvAmI, bhadrakumAra evaM svayaM bhaTTa aSTAvakra ke ullekha haiN| bhUmikA meM (dvitIya 'puruSa' ) AyA hai ki lekhaka ne ise taba likhA jaba ki 100 varSa (saMvat ajJAta) bIta cuke the / erragRhyapariziSTa bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 esa0 ( pR0 206, saM0 657) / mAnavazAstra - dekhie 'manusmRti' / mAkalpa - hemAdri dvArA ba0 / urrenaivati- mAnasiMha dvArA seM0 prA0 (saM0 4116) / mAnasollAsa somezvara kRta / de0 'abhilaSitArthacintAmaNi / ' mArkaNDeyasmRti- mitAkSarA (yAjJa0 3 / 19 ) evaM smRticandrikA dvArA va0 /

Page #595
1588 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa mArtaNDadIpikA-ahalyAkAmadhenu meM v0| TI0 mukundalAla dvaaraa| TI. raghunAtha vAjapeyI mArtaNDArcanacandrikA--mukundalAla dvaaraa| dvArA; pITarsana kI chaThI riporTa (pR0 11) / TI0 mAlavavarzana--caNDezvara ke dAnaratnAkara meM ullikhita / / siddhAntasaMgraha, rAdhAmohana zarmA dvaaraa| TI0 halAyudha sambhavataH yaha bhoja ke kisI mata kA saMketa mAtra hai, dvaaraa| TI. vyAkhyAnadIpikA, devarAjabhaTTa ke putra na ki isa nAma kI koI pustaka hai| nirdU ribasavopAdhyAya dvArA (vyavahAra pr)| maaskRty| mitAkSarAsAra--(vijJAnezvara ke grantha kA sArAMza) maastttvvivecn--ajnyaat| mAsoM evaM unameM kiye jAne mayArAma dvaaraa| vAle upavAsoM, bhojoM evaM dhArmika kRtyoM pr| mithilezAhika-gaMgolI saMjIvezvara zarmA ke putra ratnabIkAnera (pa0 421) / pANi zarmA dvaaraa| mithilA ke rAjakumAra chatrasiMha maasdrpnn| ke Azraya meM prnniit| sAmaveda ke anusAra zaucavidhi, mAsanirNaya-bhaTToji dvaaraa| dantadhAvana, snAna, sandhyAvidhi, tarpaNa, japayajJa, devamAsamImAMsA-gokuladAsa mahAmahopAdhyAya dvaaraa| pUjA, bhojana, mAMsabhakSaNa, dravyazuddhi, gArhasthyadharma cAndra, saura, sAvana evaM nAkSatra nAmaka cAra prakAra nAmaka AhnikoM pr| no0 (jilda 6 pR0 30-32) / ke mAsoM evaM varSa ke pratyeka mAsa meM kiye jAne vAle isa grantha meM mithilezacarita hai jisameM mahezaThakkura dhArmika kRtyoM pr| evaM unake 9 vaMzajoM kA ullekha hai, aura aisA AyA mAsAdinirNaya-duNDhi dvaaraa| hai ki maheza ko dillI ke rAjA se rAjya prApta huA mAsikazrAvanirNaya--kamalAkara ke pitA rAmakRSNa dvaaraa| thaa| no0 (jilda 6, pR0 48) / ni0 si0 meM v0| mImAMsApallava-cipati evaM rukmiNI ke putra indrapati mAsikazrAddhapaddhati-gopInAtha bhaTTa dvaaraa| dvaaraa| ekAdazIvrata, zrAddha, utsarga jaise dharmazAstrIya mAsikazrAvaprayoga-(ApastambIya) raghunAtha bhaTTa viSayoM para mImAMsA ke niyama prayukta haiN| no0 samrATasthapati dvaaraa| (jilda 5, pR0 281-82) inake gu gopAlabhaTTa the| mAsikazrAvamAnopanyAsa-maunI mallAridIkSita dvaaraa| muktikSetraprakAza-ApAjibhaTTa ke putra bhAskara dvaaraa| mitAkSarA--haradattakRta gautamadharmasUtra para ttii0| de0 / ayodhyA, mathurA, mAyA Adi sAta tIrthoM para prakAzoM praka0 86 / meM vibhkt| bar3odA, saM0 12386 / lekhaka ne mitAkSarA-mathurAnAtha dvArA yAjJavalkyasmRti para ttii0|| prayAga ke lie 'sitAsite sarite', ayodhyA ke lie mitAkSarA-vijJAnezvara dvArA yAjJavalkyasmRti para ttii0| 'aSTacakrA navadvArA devAnAM pUrayodhyA' (taittirI ise RjumitAkSarA bhI kahA jAtA hai / de0 prk070|| yAraNyaka) 'vAgakSaraM prathamajA' (te. brA0) evaM TI0 pramitAkSarA yA pratItAkSarA, nandapaNDita dvArA; mathurA, mAyA kAzI ke lie krama se 'gopAlatApinI', de0 praka0 105 / TI0 bAlambhaTTI (upa0 lakSmI- 'nRsiMhapUrvatApanIya' evaM 'rAmatApanIya' vaidika vacana vyAkhyAna) lakSmIdevI dvaaraa| de0 praka0 111, uddhata kiye haiN| caukhambhA sI0 meM (vyavahAra) evaM gharapure dvArA mukticintAmaNi--gajapati puruSottamadeva dvaaraa| jaga(AcAra, prAyazcitta evaM vyavahAra) prkaa0| TI0 nAthapurI kI tIrthayAtrA para dhArmika kRtyoM ke viSaya subodhinI, vizvezvara bhaTTa dvArA; de0 praka0 93 meN| laga0 1500 ii0| (vyavahAra, gharapure dvArA anUdita evaM prkaa0)| mudgalasmRti-(bar3odA, tAr3apatra pANDa0 saM011950) TI. mitAkSarAsAra, madhusUdana gosvAmI dvaaraa| maunAdividhi, dAya, azauca, prAyazcitta pr|

Page #596
dharmazAstrIya pranthasUcI 1589 mudraavivrnn| muhUrtatattva-kamalAkara ke putra kezava daivajJa dvaaraa| munimatamaNimAlA-vAmadeva dvaaraa| saMskArakaustubha meM v0| TI0 lekhaka dvaaraa| TI0 mumUrSumatakRtyAdipaddhati-zaMkarazarmA dvaaraa| zuddhitattva kRpArAma dvaaraa| TI0 kezava daivajJa ke putra gaNezadaivajJa __u0 hai| no0 nyU0 (jilda 3, pR0 152) / dvArA laga0 1540 I0 meM praNIta / TI. mahAdeva muhuurtknntthaabhrnn| dvArA; muhUrtadIpaka meM v0| muhUrtakalIndra-zItaladIkSita dvaaraa| muhUrtadarpaNa---mArtaNDavallabhA meM v0| TI. dIpikA muhUrtakalpadruma-muhUrtadIpaka meM mahAdeva dvArA v0| (madrAsa ga0 pANDu0 saM0 1870, 1874) / 1650 I. ke puurv| muhUrtadarpaNa-prayAga ke dakSiNa alarkapura ke gaMgArAmAmuhUrtakalpadruma-kezava dvaaraa| smaja jagadrAma ke putra lAlamaNi dvaaraa| alavara muhUrtakalpadruma-bazarmA ke putra viTThaladIkSita (kRSNA- (uddharaNa, 544) / trigotra) dvaaraa| san 1628 I0 meM prnniit| TI0 muhUrtadarpaNa-vidyAmAdhava dvaaraa| TI0 mAdhavabhaTTa dvaaraa| maMjarI, lekhkkRt| muhUrtadIpa---jayAnande dvaaraa| muhartakalpAkara-duHkhabhajana dvaaraa| muhUrtadIpa-zivadaivajJa ke eka putra dvaaraa| muhUrtagaNapati--harizaMkara ke putra gaNapati rAvala dvaaraa| muhUrtadIpaka-nAgadeva dvaaraa| 1685 I0 meM pragIta / TI0 sItArAma ke putra paramasukha muhUrtadIpaka-kAhuji (kAnhajit ?) ke putra mahAdeva dvaaraa| TI0 parazurAmamizra dvaaraa| dvaaraa| de0 oNphekTa (pR0 336 bii)| TI. lekhaka muhuurtckraavli| dvArA saM0 1583 (1661 I0 ) meM prnniit| ToDarAmuhUrtacandrakalA--harajIbhaTTa dvaaraa| laga0 1610 ii0| nanda kA ullekha hai| muhUrtacintAmaNi-ananta ke putra rAmadaivajJa (nIlakaNTha muhUrtadIpaka-devIdatta ke putra rAmasevaka dvaaraa| ke choTe bhrAtA) dvArA / san 1600-1 I0 meM kAzI muhUrtadIpikA--(ni0 si0 ke anusAra) kAlavidhAna meM prgiit| siddhezvara ke saMskAramayUkha meM v0| meM va0 / bambaI meM 1902 I0 meM mudrit| alavara (uddharaNa, muhUrtadIpikA-bAdarAyaNa kA kahA gayA hai| 542), jisase prakaTa hotA hai ki nIlakaNTha akabara muhuurtnirnny| kI sabhA ke paNDita the| inake pUrvaja vidarbha ke the| muhUrtapadavi / TI0 pramitAkSarA, lekhakakRta; banArasa meM 1848 meM muhUrtaparIkSA-devarAja dvaaraa| mudrit| TI0 kaamdhenu| TI0 nIlakaNTha dvaaraa| muhUrtabhUSaNa--(yA majIra) rAmasevaka dvivedI dvaaraa| TI0 piiyuussnnikaa| TI0 pIyUSavArA, nIlakaNTha ke no0 (jilda 11, bhUmikA, pR0 4) / putra govinda dvArA 1603 meM praNIta, bambaI meM 1873 muhUrtabhUSaNaTIkA-rAmadatta dvaaraa| I0 meM mudrit| govinda lekhaka kA bhatIjA thaa| muhUrtabhairava--bhairava daivajJa ke putra gaMgAdhara dvaaraa| TI0 para TI0 raghudaivajJa dvaaraa| TI0 ssttsaahsrii| muhUrtabhairava--dInadayAlu pAThaka dvaaraa| muhUrtacintAmaNi-veMkaTeza bhaTTa dvaaraa| muhUrtamaJjarI--yadunandana paNDita dvaaraa| cAra gucchoM evaM muhuurtcintaamnnisaar| 101 zlokoM meN| de0 alavara (uddharaNa 545) / muhuurtcintaamnnisaarinnii| saM0 1726 (1670 I0) meM prnniit| muhUrtacUDAmaNi-bhAradvAjagotra ke zrIkRSNa daivajJa ke putra muhUrtamaMjarI-harinArAyaNa dvaaraa| ziva daivajJa dvaaraa| muhrtmNjuussaa|

Page #597
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa muhUrtamaNi-vizvanAtha dvaaraa| muhuurtvRttsht| muhUrtamAdhavIya----sAyaNa yA mAdhavAcArya kA kahA gayA hai| muhUrtaziromaNi-rAmacandra ke putra dharmezvara dvaaraa| muhartamArtaNDa---kezava dvaaraa| muhUrtasaMgraha-siddhezvara ke saMskAramayUkha meM evaM saM0 ko0 muhUrtamArtaNDa-ananta ke putra nArAyaNa bhaTTa dvaaraa| za0 meM va0 / 1650 I0 ke puurv| TI0 lakSmIpati dvaaraa| saM0.1493 ke phAlguna (laga0 mArca 1572 I0) meM muhUrtasarvasva--bUba ke putra vi, lAtmaja raghuvIra dvaaraa| devagiri ke pAsa 160 zlokoM meN| TI0 mArtaNDa- kAzI meM saM0 1557 (1635-36 I0) meM prnniit| vallabhA, lekhaka dvArA; bambaI meM 1861 I0 meM no0 (jilda 1, pR0 109) / prkaashit| muhUrtasAra--barnela (taMjaura, pR0 79 e)| muhUrtamAlA-zANDilya gotra evaM cittapAvana jAtIya mahUrtasAra-bhAnudatta dvaaraa| sarasa ke putra raghunAtha dvaaraa| san 1878 meM ratnagiri muhuurtsaarinnii| meM mudrit| muhuurtsiddhi| muhuurtmuktaamnni| muhUrtasiddhi-nAgadeva dvaaraa| muhUrtamuktAvalI-kAzInAtha dvaaraa| muhUrtasiddhi--mahAdeva dvaaraa| muhUrtamuktAvalI-devarAma dvaaraa| mahUrtasindhu--madhusUdana mizra dvaaraa| lAhaura meM mudrita / muhUrtamuktAvalI-bhAskara dvaaraa| muhUrtaskandha-bRhaspati dvaaraa| muhUrtamuktAvalI-yogIndra dvArA, alavara (uddharaNa muhUrtAmRta--raghu0 dvArA jyotistattva meM ullikhit| muhUrtArka----mRtyuJjaya kokila dvaaraa| TI0 prabhA, lekhaka muhUrtamuktAvalI-gopAla ke putra lakSmIdAsa dvaaraa| dvaaraa| 1618 I0 meM prnniit| muhartAlaMkAra--- bhairava ke putra gaMgAdhara dvaaraa| za0 saM0 muhUrtamuktAvalI--zrIkaNTha dvaaraa| 1554, mAgha 15 (1633 ii.)| sTIna (pR0 muhUrtamuktAvalI-zrI haribhaTTa dvaaraa| 343) / muhUrtaracanA-durgAsahAya dvaaraa| muhUrtAlaMkAra----jayarAma dvaaraa| muhUrtarala----jyotiSarAya ke putra IzvaradAsa dvaaraa| muhuurtaavli| ___ 'muhUrtaratnAkara' nAma bhI hai| mUrkhahA---saMkalpavAkyoM, nAndIzrAddha, tithivyavasthA, muhartaratna-govinda dvaaraa| ekoddiSTakAlavyavasthA, zrAddhavyavasthA, govadhAdimuhUrtaratna-raghunAtha dvaaraa| prAyazcitta, vyavahAradAyAdivyavasthA, vivAhanakSatrAdi muhUrtaratna-ziromaNibhaTTa dvaaraa| para uttama grantha / de0 no0 (jilda 3, pu. 49)evaM muhUrtaratnamAlA--zrIpati dvaaraa| raghu0 dvArA v0| no0 nyU0 (jilda 2, pR0 146-7) / TI0 lekhaka dvaaraa| mUrtipratiSThAno0 nyU0 (jilda 1, pR 293) / muhUrtaratnAkara-harinandana dvaaraa| TI0 lekhaka dvaaraa| suutiprtisstthaapn| muhUrtarAja-vizvadAsa dvaaraa| muulnksstrshaanti| muhuurtraajiiy| mUlanakSatrazAntiprayoga---zaunaka kA kahA gayA hai| muhuurtlkssnnpttl| mUlazAntinirNaya-sTIna (pR0 99) / muhUrtavidhAnasAra-kAlamAdhava meM v0| muulshaantividhaan| mhrtvivrnn| mUlazAntividhi----madhusUdana gosvAmI dvaaraa|

Page #598
dharmazAstrIya granthasUcI mUlAdizAnti / mUlyanirUpaNa - gopAlakRta (seM0 prA0 saM0 4321) / mUlyasaMgraha -- ( yA mUlyAdhyAya) bApUbhaTTa dvArA / saMka lpita dAna dene meM asamarthatA prakaTa karane para dhanadaNDoM ke sambandha meM eka saMkSepa / gopAlabhASya kA ullekha hai / pANDu0 tithi zaka 1756 hai, no0 ( jilda 10, pR0 238) / mUlyAdhyAya -- ( kula 5 || zlokoM meM) kAtyAyana kRta mAnA gayA hai| gAya evaM anya sampatti ke dAna ke sthAna para dhana dene ke viSaya meM de0 bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 esa0 (jilda 2, pR0 171) / TI0 kAmadevadIkSita dvArA, no0 nyU0 (jilda 3, bhUmikA, pR0 4) / TI0 gopAlajI dvaaraa| TI0 bAlakRSNa ke putra viT la ( upAdhi vaiSNava, zrIpura ke vAsI ) ; 1670 I0 ke pazcAt / mRttikAsnAna / mRtyuJjayasmRti - - hemAdri ( dAnakhaNDa, pU0 764-65, 784) dvArA evaM dAnamamukha meM ullikhita | mRtyumahiSIdAnavidhi ( kisI kI mRtyu ke samaya bhaiMsa kA dAna) | maitrAyaNIyagRhyapadArthAnukrama / tereotypurddhati maMtrAyaNI zAkhA ke anusAra 16 saMskAroM para / adhyAya kA nAma puruSa hai| maitrAyaNIgRhyapariziSTa-- halAyuva, hemAdri evaM ma0 pA0 dvArA va0 / maitrAyaNIyordhvadehikapaddhati - de0 kriyApaddhati | mokSakalpataru -- ( kRtyakalpataru yA kalpataru kA eka aMza ) lakSmIdhara dvArA / de0 praka0 77 / mokSezvaranibandha - pAraskaragRhyapariziSTa kI TI0 meM gadAvara dvArA va0 / sambhavataH yaha mokSezvara ke putra brahmArka kA praznajJAnadoSa - pRcchAprakaraNa hI hai / bIkAnera ( pR0 325-326) / mohavUDottara -- ( yA mohacUlottara) hemAdri ( 3 / 2 / 882, mohacaurottara), ni0 si0 meM va0 / yajurvallabhA - ( yA karma saraNi) vallabhAcArya ke putra vaM 1591 gopInAtha ke bhAI viTThala dIkSita yA viTThaleza dvArA / Ahnika, saMskAra evaM AvasathyAdhAna (gRhya agni sthApita karane ) para tIna kANDa (yajurvedake anusAra ) / alavara ( saM0 1280 ) / yajurvivAhapaddhati | yajurvedivRSotsargatattva- raghu0 dvArA / de0 praka0 102 / yajurvedizrAddhatattva -- raghu0 dvArA de0 praka0 102 / yajurvedIyazrAddhavidhi-DhoNDha dvArA de0 'zrAddhavidhi' / yajuHzAkhAbhedatastvanirNaya-- pANDuraMga Takale dvArA | bar3odA (saM0 374) / lekhaka kA siddhAnta yaha hai ki jahA~ kahIM 'yajurveda' zabda svayaM AtA hai vahA~ 'taittirIya zAkhA' samajhanA cAhie na ki 'zuklayaju 0 ' | yajJapArzva saMgrahakArikA --- pAraskara gRhya0 para gadAdharabhASya meM va0 / yajJasiddhAntavigraha - - rAmasevaka dvArA / yajJasiddhAntasaMgraha - rAmaprasAda dvArA / yajJopavItanirNaya | yajJopavItapaddhati gaNezvara ke putra rAmadatta dvArA / vAjasaneyI zAkhA ke lie / yatikSauravidhi- madhusUdanAnanda dvArA bar3odA (saM0 5015) / yatikhananAdiprayoga --zrIzailavedakITIra lakSmaNa dvArA / yatidharmasamuccaya kA ullekha hai / yatidharma --- puruSottamAnanda sarasvatI dvArA / lekhaka pUrNAnanda kA ziSya thA / yatidharma -- ajJAta / yatidhamaM prakAza -- vAsudevAzrama dvaaraa| bar3odA (saM0 12289) / yatidharmaprakAza -- vizvezvara dvArA / yaha yatidharma saMgraha hI hai / yatidharmaprabodhinI-- nIlakaNTha yatIndra dvArA | yatidharma saMgraha - ajJAta (no0, jilda 9, pR0 278) / sarvaprathama zaMkarAcArya ke anantara AcAryaparamparA evaM maThAmnAya kA varNana hai aura taba yatidharma kA /

Page #599
1592 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa yatidharmasaMgraha-sarvajJavizveza ke ziSya vizvezvara yatisiddhAntanirNaya-saccidAnanda sarasvatI dvaaraa| sarasvatI dvaaraa| AnandAzrama (pUnA) dvArA prkaa0| ytynusstthaan| yatidharmasamuccaya--yAdavaprakAza dvaaraa| vaiSNavoM ke lie yatyanuSThAnapaddhati-zaMkarAnanda dvaaraa| 11 paryo meN| yatyantakarmapadati-raghanAtha dvaaraa| yatidharmasamuccaya-raghunAtha bhaTTAcArya dvaaraa| yatyAcArasaMgrahIyayatisaMskAraprayoga--vizvezvara sarasvatI yatidharmasamuccaya--sarvajJa vizveza ke ziSya vizvezvara- (no0, jilda 1, pR0 174) / sarasvatI dvaaraa| pANDu0 (no0, jilda 8,pR0 293) ytyaacaarsptrssipuujaa| kI tithi saM0 1668 (1611-12 ii.)| ise ytyaaraadhnpryog| yatidharmasaMgraha (uparyukta) bhI kahA jAtA hai| yatyAhika-bar3odA (saM0 8563) / yatinityapadati--AnandAnanda dvArA (bar3odA, saM0 yamasmRti--de0 praka0 49; jIvAnanda (bhAga 1, pR0 5017) / 560-567) evaM AnandAzrama (pR0 112-116) patipatnIdharmanirUpaNa--pUrNAnanda ke ziSya puruSottamAnanda dvArA prkaa| sarasvatI dvaaraa| yallAjIya--yallabhaTTa ke putra yallAji dvaaraa| antyeSTi, ytimrnnopyuktaaNshsNgrh| sapiNDIkaraNa Adi pr| AzvalAyanasUtra, bhAradvAja yatiliMgasamarthana-tIna skandhoM meN| sUtra aura inake bhASyoM tathA zaunaka para aadhaarit| ytivndnnissedh| pazavantabhAskara-puruSottamAtmaja haribhaTTa ke putra ytivnvnshtduussnnii| ApAjibhaTTa-tanuja haribhAskara yA bhAskara dvaaraa| ytivndnsmrthn| bundelakhaNDa ke rAjA indramaNi ke putra yazavantadeva ke yativallabhA-(yA senyAsapaddhati) vizvakarmA dvaaraa| Azraya meN| bIkAnera (pR0 508) meM isakA eka aMza saMnyAsa, yati ke cAra prakAroM (kuTIcaka, bahUdaka, saMvatsarakRtyaprakAza hai| no0 (jilda 4, pR0269)| haMsa evaM paramahaMsa) evaM unake kartavyoM pr| no0 / haribhaTTa tryambakapurI se Aye the aura kAzyapa gotra (jilda 10, 175) / vidhAnamAlA kI carcA huI hai| ke the evaM ApAjibhadra kAzI meM rahate the| laga0 yatisaMskAra--(pratApanArasiMha kA eka bhaag)| patisaMskAra-putra dvArA yati kI antyeSTi evaM zrAddha yAjJavalkyasmRti-de0 kha0 1,pra0 34 / TI0 aparArka pr| no0 (jilda 10, pR0 10 / dvArA; de0 praka0 79 / TI0 kulamaNi dvaaraa| TI0 yatisaMskAraprayoga-rAyambhadra dvaaraa| devabodha dvArA; raghu0 ke zuddhitattva meM v0| TI0 yatisaMskAraprayoga-vizvezvara dvaaraa| no0 (jilda 1, dharmezvara dvArA; zUlapANi ke prAyazcittaviveka meM __ pR0 173) / va0 (pR0 529) / TI0 bAlakrIr3A, vizvarUpa yatisaMskAraviSi-(do bhinna grantha) de0 sTIna (pR. dvArA; de. praka0 60 / TI0 para TI vibhaavnaa| TI0 para TI. amRtasyandinI (somayAjI dvaaraa)| yatisaMskAravidhinirNaya-iNDi0 A0 (pR. 523, TI0 para TI0 vacanamAlA, somayAjI ke ziSya ke saM0 1647) / ziSya dvaaraa| TI0 para TI. ajJAta / TI. mitaaytisNskaaropyoginirnny| kSarA, mathurAnAtha dvArA / TI0 mitAkSarA, vijJAnezvara yatisandhyAvAtika-zaMkara ke ziSya surezvara dvaaraa| dvArA; de0 praka0 70, mitAkSarA kI TIkAoM ke no0 (jilda 10, pR. 9) / lie dekhie 'mitaakssraa'| TI0 raghunAthabhaTTa dvaaraa|

Page #600
dharmazAstrIya granyasUcI TI0 zUlapANi kI dIpakalikA (de0 praka0 95 ) / TI0 vIramitrodaya, mitra mizra dvArA de0 praka0 108 (caukhambhA se eka aMza prakA0 ) / yAzikakamalAkarI - seM0 prA0 (saM0 4414) / yAtrAprayogatatva -- harizaGkara dvArA / yAtrAvivAhAdyupAyato0 nyU0 (jilda 2, pR0 149 ) / yuktikalpatara - bhojadeva kRta / zAsana evaM rAjanIti ke viSayoM para, yathA ---- dUta, koSa, kRSikarma, bala, yAtrA, sandhi, vigraha, nagara-nirmANa, vAstupraveza, chatra, dhvaja, padmarAgAdiparIkSA, astra-zastra parIkSA, naukA- lakSaNa Adi para svayaM bhoja, uzanA, garga, bRhaspati, parAzara, vAtsya, lohapradIpa, zAGgavara evaM katipaya purANoM kA havAlA diyA gayA hai| kalakattA o0 sI0 (saM0 1) dvArA prakA0 / yugANaMva seM0 prA0 (saM0 4418) / yukhakutUhala / yuddhakauzala - rudra dvArA / yuddhacintAmaNi -- rAmasevaka tripAThI dvArA / yuddhajayaprakAza duHkhabhaJjana dvArA / yuddhajayArNava -- raghu0 ke jyotistattva meM va0 / yuddhajayArNava- agnipurANa ( adhyAya 123 - 125) se| yuddhajayotsava - gaMgArAma dvArA, pA~ca prakAzoM meM / alavara (uddha0 551) / yuddhayAtrA - raghu0 ke jyotistattva meM va0 / yuddharatnAvalI : raMganAthavezikAMhnika-- raMganAthadezika dvArA / rajatavAnaprayoga - kamalAkara dvArA / ratnakaraNDikA-droNa dvArA ha0 pra0 ( pR0 10-11, pANDu tithi saM0 1989 arthAt 1932-33 I0 ) / vAjasaneyiyoM ke kRtyoM para / Da0 kA0 (273, 1886 - 92) kI pANDu 0 apUrNa hai, isameM prAyazcitta, spRSTAspRSTaprakaraNa, zAvAzauca, zrAddha, gRhasthAzramadharma, 1593 dAya, RNa, vyavahAra, divya, kRcchra Adi para vivecana haiM / ratnakoza - hemAdri ( 3 / 2 / 750 ), raghu0 tattva) evaM ToDarAnanda dvArA va0 / ratnadIpavizvaprakAza / yuddhajayotsava --- TI0 ajJAta / TI0 mathurAnAtha zukla rAghavabhaTTIya - ni0 si0 meM va0 / dvaaraa| TI0 rAmadatta dvArA / ratnamAlA - - zatAnanda dvArA ; jyotistattva (jilda 1, pu0 596 ) meM va0 | ratnamAlA - raghu0 (zuddhitattva), govindArNava, nirNayadIpa meM va0 / sambhavataH zrIpati yA zatAnanda kA grantha / ratnasaMgraha -- ni0 si0 meM va0 / ratnasAgara - ni0 si0 meM va0 / ratnAkara -- de0 praka0 ( caNDezvara ) 90 / ratnAkara - gepAla dvArA / malamAsa ratnAkara -- rAmaprasAda dvaaraa| sTIna ( pR0 100) meM prAyazcitta kA aMza hai / ratnArNava -- raghu0 dvArA va0 / ratnAvali -- hemAdri ( 3 / 2 / 857) evaM raghu0 ( malamAsatattva) meM va0 / rathasaptamIkAlanirNaya | ravisaMkrAntinirNaya --- mAdhava ke putra raghunAtha dvArA / rasAmRta sindhu -- sadAcAracandrikA ( sambhavataH bhakti para ) meM va0 / rAjakaustubha -- (yA rAjadharmako stubha ) anantadeva dvArA / de0 praka0 109 / rAjadharma sArasaMgraha - taMjaura ke tulAjirAja kRta kahA gayA hai (1765-1788) / rAjanIti ajJAta / rAjanIti -- devIdAsa dvArA / rAjanIti-bhoja dvArA / rAjanIti - vararuci ( ? ) dvArA / 'dhanvantari.... Adi navaratnoM ke prasiddha zloka se isakA Arambha hai / de0 barnela (taMjaura, pR0 141 bI ) / rAjanIti - kAzI ke harisena dvArA / rAjanItikAmadhenu caNDezvara ke rAjanItiratnAkara

Page #601
1594 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa dvArA v0| 7 kANDa haiM, kintu eka pANDu0 meM uparyukta kANDa rAjanItiprakAza----mitra mizra dvaaraa| vIramitrodaya kA haiN| 1640-1670 ii0| bIkAnera (pR0 445 eka aNsh| caukhambhA saM0 sI0 dvArA prkaa0| 447) / . rAjanItiprakAza--rAmacandra allaDIvAra dvaaraa| rAmakautuka----nirNayAmata evaM ni0 si0 meM v0| rAjanItimayUkha----nIlakaNTha kA nItimayUkha hI hai| rAmatattvaprakAza--sAyaNa kRta mAnA gayA hai| rAjanItizAstra-cANakya dvaaraa| 8 adhyAya evaM laga0 rAmadevaprasAda--(urpha gotrapravaranirNaya) zambhudeva ke putra 566 zlokoM meN| viTa0 evaM kItha (2, pR0 182) / vizvanAtha yA vizvezvara dvaaraa| zaka saM0 1506 rAjabhUSaNI---- (nRpabhUSaNI) rAmAnanda tIrtha dvaaraa| manu- (1584 I.) meM praNIta / smRti kI kullUkakRta TIkA kA ullekha hai| - rAmanavamInirNaya----gopAladezika dvaaraa| ni0 si0 u0 rAjamArtaNDa-bhoja dvaaraa| de0 praka0 64 / Da kA hai| (saM0 342, 1879-80) meM rAjamArtaNDa grantha hai, rAmanavamInirNaya-viThThaladIkSita dvaaraa| jisameM dharmazAstra-sambandhI jyotiSa kA ullekha rAmanAthapaddhati---rAmanAya dvaaraa| hai aura vratabandhakAla, vivAhazubhakAla, vivAharAzi- rAmanityArcanapaddhati-..-caturbhuja dvaaraa| yojanavidhi, saMkrAntinirNaya, dinakSaya, puruSalakSaNa, rAmanibandha----dIkSitabA ke putra thIbhavanandAtmaja meSAdilagnaphala ke viSaya haiN| pANDu0 kI tithi ___kSemarAya dvaaraa| 1720 I0 meM praNIta (alavara, saM0 1655 caitra (1598 I0 eprila) hai| TI0 ___ saM0 1431) / gaNapati dvaaraa| rAmapUjAvidhi--kSegarAja dvaaraa| alavara (saM0 1432 rAjalAsaka---sarasvatIvilAsa meM va0 (maisUrasaMskaraNa, karaNa, evaM uddharaNa 341) / pR0 21) / rAmapUjApaddhati---rAmopAdhyAya dvaaraa| sTIna (pR0 rAjavallabha--(sUtradhAra maNDanamizra dvArA?) mahAdeva 101) / ke muhUrtadIpaka meM v0| rAmaprakAza--(1) kAlatattvArNava para eka ttii0| (2) rAjAbhiSeka-ananta dvaaraa| kRpArAma ke nAma para saMgRhIta dhArmika vratoM para eka rAjAbhiSekaprayoga- (nIlakaNTha ke nItimayUkha se)| nibandha; kRpArAma yAdavarAja ke putra, mANikyacandra rAjyAbhiSeka--(ToDarAnanda se)| ke rAjakUla ke vaMzaja evaM gauDakSatrakUlodabhava kahe gaye rAjyAbhiSekapaddhati-dinakarodyota kA eka bhaag| haiM; ve jahA~gIra evaM zAhajahA~ ke sAmanta the| iNDi0 rAjyAbhiSekapaddhati--anantadeva dvaaraa| A0 (jilda 3, pR0 502) ke mata se kAzInAtha rAjyAbhiSekapaddhati--vizvakarmA ke putra ziva dvaaraa| ke putra evaM rAmadeva ciraJjIva ke pitA rAghavendra isa rAjyAbhiSekaprayoga-rAmakRSNa ke putra kamalAkara dvaaraa| granya ke vAstavika praNetA the| hemAdri, mAdhava evaM de0 praka0 106 / gauDa ke lekhakoM kA AdhAra liyA gayA hai| alavara rAjyAbhiSekaprayoga---mAdhavabhaTTa ke putra raghunAtha samrAT- (naM0 1433) ke mata se yaha kAlatattvavivecana para sthapati dvaaraa| AdhArita TIkA hai| kintu iNDi0 A0 ke vivaraNa rAmakalpadruma---kamalAkara ke putra anantabhaTTa dvaaraa| se aisA nahIM pratIta hotaa| dasa kANDoM meM vibhakta, yathA krama se--kAla, zrAddha, rAmaprasAda--dekhie 'tiirthrtnaakr'| prata, saMskAra, prAyazcitta, zAnti, dAna, AcAra, rAmAnujanityakarmapati----de0 pITarsana (chaThI riporTa, rAjanIti evaM uts| auphesTa ke mata se kevala pR0 107) /

Page #602
dharmazAstrIya granthasUcI 1595 meM v0| rAmArcanacandrikA--raghu ke tithitattva meM tathA ni0 si0 vizAla grnth| bar3odA (saM0 10946) meM 13 _meM v0| prakaraNa haiM; sambhavataH isase adhika prakaraNa rAmArcanacandrikA---acyutAnama dvaaraa| rAmArcanacandrikA--paramahaMsaparivrAjakAcArya zrImanmukunda rudrapaddhati--(1) karNa ke putra parazurAma dvaaraa| lekhaka vana ke ziSya Ananda vana yati dvaaraa| pA~ca paTaloM meM audIcya brAhmaNa thaa| mahArudra ke rUpa meM zivapUjA kA Da0 kA0 pANDu 0 440, 1891-95; tithi zaka varmana hai| drajapaprazaMsA, kuNDamaNDapalakSaNa pIThapUjA1607, arthAt 1685 ii0)| cAra paTaloM meN| vidhi, nyAsavidhi para kula 1028 zloka haiN| saM0 vasiSTha se gaur3apAda, govinda, zaGkarAcArya, vizvarUpa, 1515 (1458- I0) meM prgiit| isakA 'bhadra surezvara taka kI guru paramparA kA ullekha hai| TI0 kArikA' nAma bhI hai| (2) isI viSaya para eka laghudIpikA, gadAdhara dvaaraa| anya choTA nibandha, bhamikA kucha aMza meM samAna hai| rAmArcanacandrikA-kulamaNi zukla dvaaraa| 1478-1643 I0 ke bIca meM praNIta (iNDi0 A0, rAmArcanadarpaNa--alavara (saM0 1435) / pR0 584) / (3) vizvanAtha ke putra anantadIkSita raamaarcndiipikaa| dvaaraa| bar3odA (pANDu08030; tithi saM0 1809 rAmArcanapaThati---rAmAnanda dvaaraa| arthAt 1752-3 ii0)| (4) taittirIyazAkhA ke rAmArcanaratnAkara--kezavadAsa dvaaraa| ahalyAkAmadhenu anusAra draprayoga kA vivaraNa, yadyapi rudra sabhI zAkhAoM meM vAcita hotA hai| AyA hai-smArtarAmArcanapaddhati---zuddhitattva evaM zrAddhatattva (pR0 212) rudraprayogasya baudhAyanasUtramUlakatvena bahU vRcAdInAM ca ___ meM raghu0 dvArA v0| tatra baudhAyanaM grAhyam / sTapaMcadhA rUpaM rudrI laghurudro rAmasiMhaprakAza---gadAdhara dvaaraa| mahArudro'ti drshcetiekaadshgnnvddhyaa| sarvaJca tredhA rAsayAtrApati--raghu0 dvaaraa| de0 praka0 102 / japarudro homrudro'bhissekrudrshceti|' iNDi0 A. rAsayAtrAviteka-zalapANi dvaaraa| de0 praka0 95 / (10 580, saM0 1783; pANDa0 kI tithi saM0 kalazasthApanavidhi-nArAyaNa ke putra rAmakRSNa dvaaraa| 1587, 1530-31 ii.)| rUpanAtha kaI bAra khklp| khakalpatara-(1) ajJAta (barnela, taMjaura, pR0 138 rudrapaddhati-- (maitrAyaNIya) bar3odA (saM0 2452) / e), saM0 1714 (1657-8 I0); (2) vizve- rudrapaddhati--Apadeva dvaaraa| zvara ke putra dvaaraa| rudrapaddhati-sadAziva ke putra kAzIdIkSita dvaaraa| khakalpAma--(yA mahAradrapaddhati) uddhava dvivedI (kAzI ise rudrAnuSThAnapaddhati evaM mahArudrapaddhati bhI kahA nivAsI) ke putra anantadeva dvaaraa| hemAdri, ToDarA- jAtA hai| nanda, prayogapArijAta, rudrakArikA (parazurAma- rudrapaddhati--rAmezvarabhaTTa ke putra nArAyaNabhaTTa dvaaraa| likhita), ni0 si0 kA ullekha hai| 1640 I0 'yadyapyanekAsu zAkhAsu rudraH paThyate tathApi taittirIya ke upraant| zAkhAnusAreNa rudraH ptthyte|' khacintAmaNi-( yA radrapaddhati ) vizrAma ke putra ruvapaddhati-rAmakRSNa ke putra bhAskaradIkSita dvaaraa| zivarAma dvArA (chandogoM ke lie)| bar3oMdA (saM0 (zAMkhAyanagRhya ke anusaar)| 8018) / rukhapaddhati-reNuka dvaaraa| pANDu0 kI tithi 1604 saM0 * khajapasiddhAntaziromaNi-rAmacandra pAThaka dvaaraa| eka (1682 I.) hai (bIkAnera, pR0 601) / 128

Page #603
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa vanapaddhati---zambhudeva ke putra evaM rAmadeva ke choTe bhAI ayutahoma, lakSahoma, durgotsava kA varNana hai| bhojarAja, vizvanAtha dvArA (mAdhyandinIyoM ke lie)| lakSmIdhara (kalpataru), hemAdri, caNDezvara, pArijAta, rukhapUjApaddhati-poTarsana (chaThI riporTa, pR0 109) / harihara, bhImaparAkrama, vidyAdhara, cintAmaNi, varSadIpa, rukhavidhAnapaddhati--sadAziva dIkSita ke putra kAzIdIkSita mahAdAnapaddhati (rUpanArAyaNakRta) para AdhArita / dvaaraa| nArAyaNabhadra kI jalAzayArAmotsa paddhati meM va0, khavidhAnapati--candracUr3a dvaaraa| 1450-1525 I0 ke biic| rudravilAsanibandha--nandanamizra dvaaraa| reNukArikA--(yA reNukakArikA) de0 Upara vasnAnaviSi--(yA rudrasnAnapaddhati) nArAyaNabhaTTa ke 'paarskrgRhykaarikaa'| 1266-67 I0 meM prnniit| putra rAmakRSNa dvaaraa| kamalAkara ke zAntiratna meM lakSaNaprakAza---mitramizra dvaaraa| vIramitrodaya (raajv0| laga0 1570-1600 ii0| nIti para) kA eka bhaag| caukhambhA saM0 sI0 meM khprtisstthaa| prkaa| khaladhunyAsa-rudrapUjA ke lie niyamapaddhati / lakSaNaratnamAlikA--vizvanAtha ke putra nAroji paNDita brasUtra-(yA rudrayoga) uddhava ke putra anantadeva (kAzI dvaaraa| varNAzramAcAra, daiva, rAja, udyoga, zarIra para ke rahane vAle) dvaaraa| ise vidyamauDha (vAjasaneya / pA~ca paddhatiyoM meN| lagatA hai, yaha lekhaka kI pustaka zAkhA ke lie) bhI kahA jAtA hai| porsana (pA~cavIM lakSmaNazataka kI eka TIkA hai| de0 barnela, taMjaura riporTa, pR0 175) / (pR0 132 evaM 164 bo)| rudraakssssaarnn| lakSaNazataka-nArojipaNDita dvaaraa| khaalpriikssaa| lakSaNasaMgraha--hemAdri (dAnakhaNDa, pR0 328) evaM khAnuSThAnapaddhati-rAmezvara ke putra nArAyaNa dvaaraa| kuNDamaNDapasiddhi dvArA v0| Da0 kA0 (saM0 283, 1886-92) / yaha uparyukta lakSaNasamuccaya--hemAdri dvaaraa| zarIra lakSaNoM ke evaM rudrapaddhati (4) hI hai, aisA pratIta hotA hai| prAkRtoM pr| de0 bIkAnera (pR0 411) / khAnuSThAnapaddhati--sarvajJa kula ke meMganAtha dvaaraa| lakSaNazamuccaya--hemAdri (dAnakhaNDa, pR0 823) evaM mahArNava para pradhAna rUpa se aadhaarit| ni0 si0 meM va0 / rudrAnuSThAnapaddhati--ballAlasUri ke putra zaMkara dvaaraa| lakSaNasArasamuccaya---zivaliMgoM ke nirmANa ke niyama / vratodyApanapaddhati meM v0| laga0 1750 ii0| 32 prakaraNoM meN| ebrAnuSThAnapaddhati-(yA dIpikA) de0 'rudrapaddhati' lakSahomapaddhati--(1) sadAzivadIkSita ke putra kAzI uupr| dIkSita dvaaraa| (2) puruSottama ke putra govinda dvaaraa| rudrAnuSThAnaprayoga--mayUrezvara ke putra khaNDabhaTTa (ayA- (3) rAmezvara ke putra nArAyaNabhaTTa dvArA ; de0 praka0 cita) dvaaraa| khArcanacandrikA--zivarAma dvaaraa| lakSaNasamuccaya---mahAdeva ke muhUrtadIpaka meM va0 / khArcanamaMjarI--vedAMgarAya dvaaraa| de0 mhaarudrpddhti| lakSmInArAyaNA_kaumudI--zivAnanda gosvAmI dvaaraa| rUpanArAyaNIya--(paddhati) zaktisiMha ke putra udayasiMha 5 prakAzoM meN| rUpanArAyaNa dvaaraa| Da0 kA0 (saM0 240, 1881- lakSmIsaparyAsAra--zrInivAsa dvArA / 82) meM vaMzAvalI dI huI hai| isameM tulApuruSa Adi laghukArikA---devadatta ke putra viSNuzarmA dvArA (mAdhyaSoDaza mahAdAnoM, kUpavApItar3AgAdividhi, navagrahahoma, dinazAkhA ke lie)| bar3odA (saM0 12072), .

Page #604
dharmazAstrIya granthasUcI 1597 tithi saM0 1552 evaM saMkhyA 4055 kI tithi 1507 (pR0 136-141) evaM jIvAnanda (bhAga 1, pR0 sNvt| 177-191) dvArA prakA0 / laghukAlanirNaya---mAdhavAcArya dvArA / prathama zloka laSvatrismRti--jIvAnanda (bhAga 1, pR0 1-12) dvArA 'vyAkhyAya mAdhavAcAryoM dharmAna pArAzarAnatha' hai aura prakA0 / de0 pra0 16 / antima hai--'vyatipAte ca vaidhRtyAM tatkAlavyApinI ladhvAzvalAyanasmRti--AnandAzrama (pR0 142-181) tithiH' (de0 bIkAnera, pR0 408-409) / dvArA prkaa| lghucaannky| lalitArcanacandrikA--vidyAnandanAtha ke guru saccidAnandalaghucintAmaNi--vIrezvarabhaTTa goDabole dvaaraa| nAtha dvaaraa| laghujAtiviveka-zUdrakamalAkara meM va0 / llitaarcndiipikaa| laghunAradasmRti-ni0 si0 evaM saM0 kau0 meM v0| lalitArjanapaddhati--svayaMprakAzAnandanAtha ke ziSya cidAlaghunirNaya-zivanidhi dvArA (bar3odA, saM0 12854) / nandanAtha dvaaraa| sambhavataH yaha lalitArcanacandrikA hI laghuparati--(yA karmatattvapradIpikA) raghunAtha ke putra hai| puruSottamAtmaja kRSNabhaTTa dvaaraa| kArikA, vRtti, lavaNazrAva--(mRtyu ke uparAnta cauthe dina mRta ko vAmanabhASya evaM jayanta para AdhArita / AcAra, lavaNa kI roTiyoM ke arpaNa pr)| vyavahAra para vivecn| no0 (jilda 10, pR0 likhitasmRti--de0 pra0 13 / jIvAnanda (bhAga 3, 248); bar3odA (saM0 1422, pANDu0 saMvat 1592, pR0 375-382) evaM AnandAzrama (pR0 1821535-6 ii0)| candrikA, smRtisAra evaM smRtyartha- 186) dvArA prkaa0| Da0 kA0 (pANDu0 44, sAra kA ullekha hai| 1320-1500 I0 ke biic| 1866-68) meM 6 adhyAyoM meM eka likhitasmRti hai, lghupaaraashrsmRti| jisameM vasiSTha evaM anya RSi likhita se cAturvarNya - lghubRhsptismRti| dharma evaM prAyazcittoM ke prazna pUchate hue ullikhita haiN| laghuyamasmRti--aparArka (yAjJa0 1 / 238) evaM halAyudha liGgatobhadra / (brAhmaNasarvasva) dvArA ullikhita / linggtobhdrkaarikaa| laghudasiSThasmRti / linggdhaarnncndrikaa| laghuviSNusmRti--aparArka evaM halAyudha (brAhmaNasarvasva) linggdhaarnndiipikaa| dvArA va0 / AnandAzrama (pR0 117-123) dvArA liGgapratiSThA--ananta dvaaraa| prkaa| liGgapratiSThApanavidhi---ananta dvArA (baudhAyana ke laghuvyAsa-saMskAramayUkha meM va0 / jIvAnanda (bhAga 2, anusaar)| iNDi0 A0 (jilda 3, pR0 584pR0 310-320) dvArA prakA0 / 585) / laghuzaMkhasmRti--AnandAzrama (pR. 124-127) dvArA liGgAvipratiSThAvidhi-rAmezvara bhaTTa ke putra nArAyaNabhaTTa prkaa| dvaaraa| laghuzAtAtapasmRti--AnandAzrama (pR. 128-135) liGgArcanacandrikA--viSNu-putra gadAdharAtmaja sadAziva dvArA prkaa| dazaputra dvArA jayasiMha ko prasanna karane ke lie prnniit| laghuzaunakasmRti---144 zlokoM meM (bar3odA, saM0 lekhaka ne AzaucacandrikA bhI likhI hai| 18vIM 11863) / zatAbdI kA prathama caraNa / laghuhArItasmRti aparAka dvArA v| AnandAzrama lekhapaMcAzikA---50 prakAra ke vikrayapatroM, pratijJApatroM

Page #605
1598 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa evaM lekhyapramANoM para san 1232 I0 meM likhit| varNAzramadharma-vaidyanAtha dIkSita dvaaraa| sambhavataH upade0 bhaNDArakara riporTa (1882-83 I0, saM0 410; yukta hI hai| pANDu0 tithi saM0 1536 arthAt 1479-80 ii0)| varNAzramadharmavIpa-(yA dIpikA) bhAradvAja gotrIya lekhapakhati--bandhakoM, vikrayapatroM, sandhiyoM ke vibhinna rAghavAtmaja govinda ke putra kRSNa dvaaraa| saMskAroM, prakAroM para, 9vIM se lekara 16vIM vi0 zatAbdI taka ke gotrapravaranirNaya, sthAlIpAka, lakSahoma, koTihoma, rAjakIya sacivAlaya ke lekhyapramANoM ke uddharaNoM ke tulApuruSa, vAstuvidhi, Ahnikavidhi, sarvaprAyazcitta, sAtha; gAyakavAr3a o0 sI0 (1925) / mUrtipratiSThA Adi para banArasa meM prnniit| lekhamuktAmaNi---vatsarAja ke putra haridAsa dvaaraa| varNAzramadharmadIpa-godAvarI ke taTa para sthita mahArASTra udbhava (lekhana ke udbhava), gaNita, likhana (lipika ke rAjA kRSNa dvaaraa| bokAnera (pR0 489) / yaha yA muharira ke likhane kI kalA) vaM nRpanIti para eka vizAla grantha hai| 464 zlokoM meM evaM 4 sargoM meN| pANDu0 1625 I0 varSamAnapaddhati-raghu0 ke zrAddhatattva meM v0| ise meM utArI gayI (auSTi kA kaittlaag)| navyavardhamAna0 bhI kahA jAtA hai| lokpaalaassttdaan| varSakRtya--lakSmIdhara ke putra rudradhara dvaaraa| 1903 I0 lokaprakAza--kSemendra dvaaraa| 11vIM zatAbdI kA meM banArasa meM prkaa0| durgotsavaviveka (zUlapANi utraa| isameM lekhya pramANoM, bandhaka-patroM Adi ke kRta) meM v0| Adarza-rUpa vaNita haiN| varSakRtya-campahaTTI kula ke rAvaNazarmA dvaaraa| saMkrAnti lokasAgara---ahalyAkAmadhenu meM v0| evaM 12 mAsoM ke vratoM evaM utsavoM pr| lohitsmRti| varSakRtya--vidyApati dvaaraa| 15vIM zatAbdI ke laga0 saugAkSismRti--de0 praka0 50 / prathamA meN| raghu0 ke malamAsatattva meM v0| vaMgipurezvarakArikA---vagipUrezvara dvaaraa| varSakRtya--zaGkara dvaaraa| ise smRtisudhAkara yA varSavacanasaMgraha ----bar3odA (saM0 5507) / kRtyanibandha bhI kahate haiN| bIkAnera (pR0 468) / vacanasamuccaya---bIkAnera (saM0 489) / varSakRtya-harinArAyaNa dvArA / se0 prA0 (s05017)| vacanasArasaMgraha---sundarAcArya ke putra zrIzailatAtAcArya varSakRtyataraMga--kRtyamahArNava se| dvaaraa| madanapA0 meM u0 / varSakRtyaprayogamata (mAlA)-mAnezvara zarmA dvaaraa| ghaTezvarasiddhAnta--gadAdhara ke kAlasAra meM u0| pANDu0 tithi 1477 I0 (bihAra0, jilda 1, saM0 vatsasmRti----kAlamAdhava meM eva maskarI dvArA (gautama- 312 eva je0 bI0 o0 Ara0 esa0, 1927, dharmasUtra meM) v0| bhAga 3 evaM 4, pR0 4) / vpnnirnny| varSakaumudI--(yA varSakRtyakaumudI) gaNapatibhaTTa ke putra varadarAjIya-hulya (saM0 448, riporTa 1) / govindAnanda dvArA / bibli0 iNDi0 dvArA prkaa| vAhAraviveka-veMkaTanAtha dvaaraa| de0 praka0 101 / vrnnkaacaar| varSadarpaNa-divAkara kI kAlanirNayacandrikA meM evaM smyvrnnshaasn| mayUkha meM v0| 1600 I0 ke puurv| varNasaGkarajAtimAlA-bhArgava rAma dvaaraa| no0 nyU0 varSadIdhiti---anantadeva ke smRtikAMstubha kA bhaag| (1, pR0 332) / varSadIpa--rUpanArAyaNIya meM k0| varNasAramaNi-vaidyanAtha dIkSita dvaaraa| varSadIpikA-caNDezvara ke kRtyaratnAkara meM v0|

Page #606
dharmazAstrIya pranyasUcI varSa bhAskara - zambhunAtha siddhAntavAgIza dvArA rAjA dharma- vAgbhaTasmRtisaMgraha - aparArka dvArA va0 / deva kI AjJA se praNIta / vasantarAjIya-- ( urpha zakunArNava) zivarAja ke putra evaM vijayarAja ke bhAI vasantarAja bhaTTa dvArA mithilA ke rAjA candradeva kI AjJA se praNIta / ballAlasena ke adbhutasAgara evaM zUlapANi ke durgotsava dvArA ulliti / 1150 I0 ke pUrva / TI0 akabara ke zAsanakAla meM bhAnucandragaNi dvArA / vasiSThakalpa | vasiSTha maMsUtra - de0 praka0 9 / banArasa saM0 sI0 dvArA, jIvAnanda (bhAga 2, pR0 456-496 ) evaM AnandAzrama ( pR0 187-231) dvArA prakA0 / TI0 yajJasvAmI dvArA / baudhAyanasUtra kI govindasvAmiTokA meM va0 / vasiSThasaMhitA - ( yA mahAsaMhitA) zAnti, japa, homa, balidAna evaM nakSatra, vAra Adi jyotiSasambandhI viSayoM para 45 adhyAyoM meM / alavara (uddharaNa 582 ) / vasiSThasmRti--- 10 adhyAyoM evaM laga0 1100 zlokoM meN| vaiSNava brAhmaNoM ke saMskAroM, strIdharma, viSNvArAdhana, zrAddha, Azauca, viSNumUrtipratiSThA para / iNDi 0 A0 (jilda 3, pR0 392, saM0 1339 ) / bar3audA (saM0 1885; pANDu0 kI tithi zaka 1564 hai / vasiSThasmRti-- ( yA vAsiSThI) TI0 vAsiSThabhASya, vedamizra dvArA / rAma ne vasiSTha se apane vanavAsa kA kAraNa pUchA hai| grahoM kI zAnti, lakSahoma, koTihoma pr| yaha vasiSTha dvArA mAdhyandinI zAkhA para AdhArita hai / Da0 kA 0 (pANDu 0 saM0 245, 1879-80 I0 ) ; bar3odA (saM0 1412, saMvat 1565, 15089 I0 ) / TIkA meM kevala zlokoM ke pratIka diye gaye haiN| isameM AyA hai ki vasiSTha dvArA nArada evaM anya logoM ko lakSahoma sikhAyA gayA thA / vasiSThahomapaddhati / vAkyatattva --- siddhAntapaMcAnana kRta / dhArmika kRtyoM ke upayukta kAloM para / dvaitatattva kA eka bhAga / vAkyamImAMsA - nRsiMhaprasAda meM gha0 / vAkparatnAvali - gadAdhara ke kAlasAra meM ba0 / 1599 vAgvatItIrthayAtrAprakAza - rAmabhadra ke putra gaurIdatta dvArA / vAtavyAdhikarmaprakAza / vAvabhayaGkara - vijJAnezvara ke eka anuyAyI dvArA, vIramitrodaya ke mtaanusaar| de0 pra0 70 / kalpataru dvArA va0 / 1080-1125 I0 ke madhya meM / vAdhUlavRttirahasya -- ( yA vAdhU lagU hyAgamavRtti rahasya ) sagamagrAmavAsI mizra dvaaraa| RNatrayApAkaraNa, brahmacarya, saMskAra, Ahnika, zrAddha evaM strIdharma para / vApIkUpataDAgAdipaddhati / vApyutsarga / vAravratanirNaya / vArANasIvarpaNa - rAghava ke putra sundara dvArA / vAmanakArikA - zlokoM meM eka vizAla grantha / mukhyataH khAdiragRhya para AdhRta vAmanapaddhati - zrAddhasaukhya ( ToDarAnanda) meM va0 / vArAhagRhya - gAyakavAr3a sI0 meM 21 khaNDoM meM prakA0 / jAtakarma, nAmakaraNa se pusavana taka ke saMskAroM evaM vaizvadeva evaM pAkayajJa para / vArtikasAra Tekacandra ke putra yatIza dvArA / 1785 I0 meM likhita / vArSikakRtyanirNaya | vAsakarmaprakAza / vAsiSThalaghukArikA / vAsantIvivekazUlapANi dvArA de0 praka0 95 / vAsiSThIzAnti - vizvanAtha ke putra mahAnanda dvArA ( unhoMne saMzodhita kiyA yA punaH likhA ) / bIkAnera ( pR0 490 ) / vAsudevI - ( yA prayogaratnamAlA) bambaI (1884 I0) meM prakA0 / hemAdri, kRtyaratnAkara, trivikrama, rUpanArAyaNa, ni0 si0 ke uddharaNa Aye haiM, ataH 1620 I0 ke uparAnta / mUrtinirmANaprakAra, maNDapa - prakAra, viSNupratiSThA, jalAdhivAsa, zAntihoma * prayoga, nUtanapiNDikA sthApana, jIrNa piNDikAyAM devasthApanaprayoga kA varNana hai /

Page #607
, dharmazAstra kA itihAsa vAstucandrikA--karuNAzaMkara dvaaraa| vidyAkaraNapati-nityAcArapradIpa (pR0 566, 571) vAstucandrikA-kRpArAma dvaaraa| meM v0| vAstutattva--gaNapatiziSya dvaaraa| lAhaura (1853 vidyAdharIvilAsa-raghu0 ke jyotistattva dvArA 20 / I0) meM prkaa| vidyAraNyasaMgraha-de0 smRtisNgrh| vAstupaddhati-(yA vAstUdyApana) bar3odA (saMkhyA vidyAvinoda-ni0 si0 meM va0 (yaha lekhaka kA nAma bhI 1672) / ho sakatA hai)| vAstupUjanapaddhati--paramAcArya dvaaraa| vidvanmanoharA--nandapaNDita dvArA parAzarasmRti kI vAstupUjanapaddhati--yAjJikadeva dvaaraa| ttiikaa| de0 praka0 105 / vAstupradIpa---vAsudeva dvaaraa| ni0 si0 meM v0| vidhvaadhrm| vAstuyAgatattva--raghunandana dvaaraa| de0 praka0 102 / vidhvaavivaahkhnnddn| vAsturatnAvali-jIvanAtha daivajJa dvaaraa| banArasa (18- vidhavAvivAhavicAra--harimizra dvaaraa| 83) evaM kalakattA (1885) meM prkaa0| vidhAnakhaNDa--ni0 si0 meM va0 / vAstuzAnti-nArAyaNabhaTTa ke putra rAmakRSNa dvaaraa| vidhAnagumpha--ananta ke vidhAnapArijAta meM v0| AzvalAyanagRhya ke anusaar| kamalAkarabhaTTa ke vidhAnapArijAta-nAgadeva ke putra anantabhaTTa dvaaraa| zAntiratna meM v0| 1625 I0 meM banArasa meM prnniit| lekhaka apane ko vaastushaantipryog-shaaklokt| 'kANvazAkhAvidAM priyaH' kahatA hai| svastivAcana, vAstuzAntiprayoga----dinakara ke zAntisAra se uddhRt| zAntikarma, Ahnika, saMskAra, tIrtha, dAna, prakIrNavAstuzAstra---maya dvaaraa| ni0 si0 meM ullikhita / vidhAna Adi para pA~ca stavakoM meN| devajAnIya, vAstuziromaNi-mAna narendra ke putra syAmasAha ke Adeza divodAsIya, tristhalIsetu kA ullekha hai| bibli. se zaMkara dvaaraa| alavara (saM0 576) / iNDi0 dvArA prkaa| vAstusarvasvasaMgraha--baMgalora meM san 1884 meM prkaa| vidhAnamAlA--(yA zuddhArthavidhAnamAlA) atri gotra ke vicAranirNaya---gopAla nyAyapaMcAnana bhadrAcArya dvaaraa| nRsiMhabhaTTa dvaaraa| vairATa deza meM candanagiri ke pAsa vijydshmiinirnny| vasumatI ke nivaasii| saMskArakaustubha evaM vidhAnavijayadazamIpaddhati-alavara (saM0 1444 evaM uddharaNa pArijAta meM v0| 1550 I0 ke pUrva / iNDi0 344) / A0 meM 240 prakaraNa haiM (pR0 575, saM0 1769), vijayavilAsa-rAmakRSNa dvaaraa| zauca, snAna, sandhyA, pANDu0 saM01732 meM utArI huii| AnandAzrama dvArA brahmayajJa, tithinirNaya pr| karka, harihara evaM gadAdhara prakA0 1920 / bar3odA (saM0 10449, pANDu. ke bhASyoM para aadhaarit| tithi saM0 1622, 1565-6 ii0)| TI0 hari ke vijJAnamArtaNDa--nRsiMhaprasAda meM v0| putra vizvanAtha dvaaraa| vijJAnalalita-hemAdri (dAnakhaNDa, pR0 109) dvArA vidhAnamAlA-lalla dvaaraa| evaM dAnasAra (nRsiMhaprasAda ke bhAga) meM v0| vidhAnamAlA-vizvakarmA dvaaraa| viTThalIya-rAmakRSNa ke zrAddhasaMgraha meM v0| vidhAnaratna-nArAyaNa bhaTTa raa| viduranIti---mahAbhArata ke udyogaparva ke adhyAya vidhAnarahasya--ahalyAkAmadhenu meM va0 / 33-40 bambaI saMskaraNa meM, gujarAtI presa dvArA vidhaansaarsNgrh-ajnyaat| de0 bIkAnera (pR0 mudrit)| 494) /

Page #608
dharmazAstrIya pranyasUcI 1601 viSipuSpamAlA-(paddhati) zrIdatta kI pitRbhakti meM sAndhivigrahika the krama se skanda eva vaamn| skanda v0| 1200 I0 ke puurv| ne harirAja ko zAkambharI meM rAjA banAyA aura viSiratna-gaMgAdhara dvaaraa| vAmana aNahillapATaka meM cale gaye / kula mUlarUpa meM vidhiratna--trikANDamaNDana, hemAdri evaM prayogapArijAta Anandanagara se AyA thaa| grantha kaI adhikaraNoM meM dvArA v0| vibhAjita hai| iNDi0 A0 (pR0 489, saM0 1577) vinAyakapUjA---yogIzvara ke putra evaM 'zauca' (zIce) pANDu0 tithi saM0 1582 caitra, arthAt 1526 I0 / viruda vAle rAmakRSNa dvaaraa| san 1702 I0 meM / dhArmika niyamoM ke vivAdoM (yathA mRta ko kauna zrAddha prnniit| de sakatA hai), zadraprAyazcitta Adi pr| vinAyakazAntipati-isa para zrIdharAcArya kI TI0 vilkssnnjnmprkaashikaa| hai| bar3odA (saM0 549); saM0 1607 (1550- vilAsasaMgrahakArikA-gadAdhara ke kAlasAra dvArA v0| . vivasvatsmRti-smRticandrikA evaM hemAdri dvArA v0| vibudhakaNThabhUSaNa--veMkaTanAtha dvArA gRhyaratna para ttii0| vivAdakalpatara--(lakSmIdhara kRta kalpataru kA eka vibhktaavibhktnirnny| aNsh)| de0 praka0 77 / vibhAgatasva-(yA tattvavicAra) nArAyaNa bhaTTa ke putra vivAdakaumudI-pItAmbara siddhAntavAgIza dvaaraa| zaka rAmakRSNa dvaaraa| mitAkSarA para AdhArita / laga0 1529, arthAt san 1604 I0 meM prgiit| lekhaka 1575-1600 I0 / apratibandha evaM sapratibandha AsAma ke rAjA ke saMrakSaNa meM thaa| dAya, mukhyagINa pUtroM, vibhAgakAla, apUtradAyAdakrama, vivAdacandra-misarU mizra dvaaraa| de0 praka0 97 / utarAdhikAra ke lie pitA se mAtA kI varIyatA para vivAdacandrikA-anantarAma dvaaraa| zalapANi evaM vivecana hai| bhaNDArakara saMgraha meM pANDu0 'mrAtaraH' smArtabhaTTAcArya ke uddharaNa haiN| 1600 I0 ke taka hai| pshcaat| vibhaagnirnny| vivAdacandrikA--caNDezvara ke ziSya rudradhara mahAmahovibhAgasAra--vidyApati kRt| bhaveza ke putra harisiMhA- pAdhyAya dvaaraa| apane grantha zrAddhacandrikA meM lekhaka tmaja darpanArAyaNa ke Adeza se prnniit| dAyalakSaNa, vardhamAna ko u0 karatA hai| vyavahAra (kAnUna) ke vibhAgasvarUpa, dAyAnaha, avibhAjya, strIdhana, dvAdaza- 18 viSayoM evaM vivAda prakAoM pr| laga0 1450 viSa putra, aputravanAdhikAra, saMsRSTavibhAga pr| no0 nyU0 (jilda 6, pR0 67) / vivAdacintAmaNi-vAcaspatimizra dvaaraa| de0 praka0 vibhuutidhaarnn| 98 / bambaI meM mudrit| vimalodayamAlA--(yA vimalodayajayantamAlA) Azva- vivAdatANDava--kamalAkara bhaTTa dvaaraa| prakaraNa- 106 / lAyanagRhyasUtra para eka ttii0| vivAdanirNaya-gopAla dvaaraa| virukhavidhividhvaMsa-malladeva evaM zrIdevI ke putra evaM vivAdanirNaya-zrIkara dvaaraa| bhagavadvovabhAratI ke ziSya lakSmIdhara dvaaraa| unakA vivAdabhaMgArNava-jagannAtha tarkapaMcAnana dvaaraa| de0 praka0 gotra kAzyapa thA, pitAmaha vAmana, pitAmaha ke bhAI 113 / kolabuka ne isake mukhya viSayoM meM do ke skanda eva prapitAmaha soDa the| soDa zAkambharI anuvAda upasthita kiye haiN| no0 nyU0 (jilda 1, (sA~bhara) ke rAjA somezvara ke mantrI the| turuSkoM bhUmikA, pR0 1314) / / dvArA mAre jAne vAle pRthvIrAja ke senApati evaM vivAdaralAkara-~-caNDezvara dvaaraa| de0 praka0. 90 /

Page #609
1602 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa vivAvavAridhi-ramApati upAdhyAya sanmizra dvaaraa| vivAhatattva-(yA udvAhatattva) raghu0 dvaaraa| de0 pra0 ___ vyavahAra ke 18 AgamoM pr| 102 / TI. kAzIrAma dvaaraa| vivAdavyavahAra-gopAla siddhAntavAgIza dvaaraa| vivAhatattvArNava--raghu0 ke udvAhatattva (jilda 2, pR0 vivaadsaar-kulluukkRt| lekhaka ke zrAddhasAgara meM 117) meM v0| v0| de0 praka0 88 / vivaahviraagmnpddhti| vivAdasArArNaba-sara viliyama joMsa ke kahane para san vivAhanirUpaNa--nandabhaTTa dvArA / 1789 I0 meM sarvora zarmA trivedI dvArA 9 taraMgoM vivAhanirUpaNa-vaidyanAtha dvaaraa| meM sNghiit| isameM AyA hai-'savilya mistara- vivAhapaTala-raghu0 ke jyotistattva meM v0| sambhavataH zrIjonsamahIpAjJapta' aadi| madrAsa gavarnameNTa varAhamihira yA zAGgadhara kA jyotiSa-sambandhI pANDu0, jilda 6, pR0 2407, saM0 3203 / grnth| vivaadsindhu| vivAhapaTala---sAraMgapANi (zAGgapANi ? ) dvArA, jo vivAdArNavabhaJjana--- (yA bhaGga) gaurIkAnta evaM anya mukunda ke putra the| / paNDitoM dvArA sNgRhiit| Da0 kA0 pANDu0 saM0 vivAhapaTala-haridevasUri dvaaraa| 364 (1875-76 I0); no0 (jilda 9, pR0 vivAhapaTalastavaka--somasundara-ziSya dvaaraa| bar3odA 244, sa0 3165) / (saM0 133) / vivAdArNavasetu-bANezvara evaM anya paNDitoM dvArA vivAhapaddhati-(yA vivAhAdipaddhati, gobhiliiy)| vArena hesTigsa ke lie saMgRhIta evaM halheDa dvArA vivAhapaddhati--gaurIzaMkara dvaaraa| aMgrejI meM anUdita (1774 I0 meM prkaa0)| RNA- vivAhapaddhati--caturbhuja dvaaraa| dAna evaM anya vyavahArapadoM para 21 miyoM (laharoM vivAhapaddhati-jagannAtha dvaaraa| arthAt prakaraNoM) meM vibhaajit| bambaI ke veMkaTezvara vivAhapati-narahari dvaaraa| presa meM mudrit| isa saMskaraNa se patA calatA hai ki yaha vivAhapati---nArAyaNa bhaTTa dvaaraa| grantha raNajItasiMha (lAhaura) kI kacaharI meM praNIta vivAhapati--- rAmacandra dvaaraa| huA thaa| anta meM praNetA paNDitoM ke nAma Aye haiN| vivAhapaddhati-(yA vivAhAdikarmapaddhati) devAditya ke no0 (jilda 10. pR0 115-116) evaM no0 nyU0 putra gaNezvarAtmaja rAmadatta rAjapaNDita dvaaraa| lekhaka (jilda 1, pR0 339-341, jahA~ paNDitoM ke nAma caNDezvara ke cacere bhAI the ataH ve laga0 13100 to Aye haiM, kintu raNajItasiMha kA ullekha nahIM hai| 1360 I0 meM the| AbhyudayikazrAddha, vivAha, vivaadaarthsNgrh| caturthIkarma, puMsavana evaM samAvartana taka ke anya vivAhakarma--mathurA ke agnihotrI viSNu dvaaraa| saMskAroM pr| vAjasaneyiyoM ke lie| vivAhakarmapakhati-de0 vivaahpddhti| vivAparati-anUpavilAsa se| vivAhakarmamantravyAkhyA subodhinI-alavara (saMkhyA vivAhapaddhativyAlyA-gUdar3amalla dvaaraa| __1452) / harihara para AdhArita hai| vivAhaprakaraNa-karka kI laghukArikA se| vivAhakarma samuccaya--pANDu0 san 1913 I0 meM utArI vivAharatna- haribhaTTa dvaaraa| 122 adhyAyoM meN| gyii| ha0 pra0 (pR0 11) / vivAharatnasaMkSepa-kSemakara dvaaraa| vivAhakaumudI-se0 prA0 (saM0 5140-41) / vivAhavandAvana-rANiga yA rANaga ke putra kezavAcArya vivaahcturthiikrm| dvaaraa| vivAha ke zubha muhUrtoM para 17 adhyAyoM meN|

Page #610
dharmazAstrIya granthasUcI 1603 eka pANDu0 kI tithi zaka 1326 (1398-99 vizuvidarpaNa--raghu0 dvaaraa| Azauca ke do prakAroM I0) hai; de0 bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 esa0, bhAga 1, (jananAzIca evaM zAvAzIca) para! pR0 109 saM0 322 / mahAdeva ke muhUrtadIpaka evaM vizvadIpa-AcArArka meM varNita / ToDarAnanda meM va0 / TI0 dIpikA, kezava ke putra vishvdevdiikssitiiy| gaNezadaivajJa dvArA; zaka 1476 (1554-5 I0), vizvanAthabhaTTI-se0 prA0 (saM0 5197) / de0 bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 es. (bhAga 1, pR0 110, vizvaprakAza--Da0 kA0 pANDu0 (maM0 144, 1884saM0 334) aura bhaNDArakara riporTa (1883-84 I0, 86) / vAjasaneya logoM ke lie: sandhyAvandana, 10 372-373), jahAM kahA gayA hai ki gaNeza ne kRSNa janmASTamInirNaya, grahNa nirNaya evaM zrAddha jaise sarvaprathama 'grahalAghava' likhA aura taba 'zrAddha-vidhi' Ahnika karmoM pr| aura taba muhurtatattva kI TI0 lIlAvatI para eka ttii0| vizvaprakAzikApaddhati-nArAyaNAcArya ke putra triviTI0 kalyANavarmA dvaaraa| kramAtmaja puruSottama ke putra evaM parAzaragotra vAle vivAhasaulya-nIlakaNTha dvaaraa| lagatA hai, yaha ToDarA- vizvanAtha dvArA! katipaya kRtyoM evaM prAyazcittoM nanda kA eka aMza hai| para; Apastamba para aadhaarit| 1544 I0 meM vivaahaagninssttipraayshcitt| praNIta / de0 no0 (jilda 10, pR0 233-235) / vivAhAvikarmAnuSThAnapaddhati-bhavadeva dvaaraa| vizvambharazAstra---zudrakamalAkara meM va0 vivAhAviprayogatasva-raghu0 kA kahA gayA hai (no0, vizvarUpanibandha-kRtyacintAmaNi evaM ni0 si0 meM jilda 11, bhUmikA, pR0 14) / v0| de0 prk060| bIkAnera (pR0 497, sa0 vivAhakanyAsvarUpanirNaya-anantarAma zAstrI dvaaraa| 1967); vivAha meM sapiNDa sambandha para, vizeSataH vividhavidyAvicAracaturA-bhoja dvaaraa| kruddha devoM ko kanyA ke lie mAtA evaM pitA se kramaza: pAMcavIM evaM prasanna karane, vApI, kUpa Adi ke nirmANa ke viSaya meN| sAtavIM pIr3hI ke uparAnta ! ha0 pra0 (pR0 13 evaM 65), tithi la0 saM0 372 vizvarUpasamuccaya--raghu0 dvArA udvAhatattva meM (jilda (1490-91 I0) / yaha dhArezvara bhoja se bhinna haiN| 2, pR0 116) v0| vivekakomudI---rAmakRSNa dvaaraa| zikhA evaM yajJopavIta vizvAdarza--gItAryapravINa AcAryAditya ke putra kavi dhAraNa karane, vidhi, niyama, parisaMkhyA, snAna, tilaka- kAnta sarasvatI dvaaraa| lekhaka kAzI ke vizvezvara dhAraNa, tarpaNa, zivapUjA, tripuNDra, pratiSThotsargabheda kA bhakta thaa| AcAra, vyavahAra, prAyazcitta evaM jJAna ke viSaya meM vivecn| no0 (jilda 10, pa0 para cAra kANDoM meN| prathama kANDa meM 42 sragdharA 105-107) / zlokoM evaM eka anuSTup chanda meM zauca, dantadhAvana, vivekadIpaka-dAmodara dvaaraa| mahAdAnoM pr| saMggrAma- kuzavidhi, snAna, sandhyA, homa, devatArcana, dAna ke sAha ke tattvAvadhAna meM saMgrahIta; pANDu0 (iNDi 0 Ahika kRtyoM para; dusare kANDa (vyavahAra) meM 44 A0, pR0 551, saM0 1716) kI tithi saM0 1638 zloka vibhinna chandoM (mAlinI, anuSTup, mandAkrAntA (1582 ii0)| Adi) meM; tIsare kANDa (prAyazcitta) meM 53 vivekmNjrii| zlokoM (sabhI sragdharA, kevala antima mAlinI) viveksaarvrnnn| meM evaM cauthA kANDa (jJAnakANDa) 53 zlokoM vivekArNava-zrInAtha dvaaraa| lekhaka ke kRtyatattvArgava (zArdUlavikrIr3ita, zikhariNI, anuSTup Adi chanda) __ meM v0| 1475-1525 ii0| meM vAnaprastha, saMnyAsa, tvaMpadArtha, kAzImAhAtmya

Page #611
1604 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa pr| lekhaka ke AzrayadAtA kAzIstha nAgArjuna ke viSNudharmasUtra-de0 pra0 10 / jIvAnanda (bhAga 1, putra dhanya yA dhanyarAja the| muJja, dhArezvara, medhAtithi pR0 60-176) / TI. vaijayantI, nandapaNDita dvaaraa| evaM vijJAnezvara kI ora saMketa hai| hemAdri (3 / 2, de0 pra0 105 / naTavallabhavilAsa meM va0 / pR0 102, jo vizvAdarza 3 / 37 kI TIkA meM AyA viSNudharmottarAmRta--jImUtavAhana ke kAlaviveka meM v0| hai) evaM smRticandrikA (Azauca, maisUra saMskaraNa, viSNupUjAkramavIpikA-zivazaMkara dvaaraa| TI0 sadAnanda pa0 164--'pativratA svanyadinenugacchedyA strI pati dvaaraa| citydhirohnnen| dazAhato bhataraghasya zuddhiH zrAddhadvayaM viSNupUjApaddhati / syAtpathagekakAle // ') dvArA v0| 1100 I0 ke viSNupUjAvidhi-zukadeva dvaaraa| bar3odA (saM0 5487, pazcAt evaM 1200 I0 ke puurv| de0 bhaNDArakara pANDulipi lekhaka kI kahI gayI hai, saMvat 1692, saMgraha kI / paannddulipiyaaN| TI0 lekhaka dvArA arthAt 1635-6 ii0)| (bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 esa0, bhAga 2 pR0 229. vissnnuprtisstthaapddhti| 231) / viSNupratiSThAvidhivarpaNa--mAdhavAcArya ke putra narasiMha vizvAmitrakalpa-brAhmaNoM ke Ahnika kRtyoM pr| somayAjI dvaaraa| vishvaamitrklptH| viSNubhakticandra-nirNayadIpaka meM va0 / vizvAmitrasaMhitA-zrIdhara dvaaraa| viSNubhakticandrodaya-nRsiMhAraNya yA nRsiMhAcArya dvaaraa| vizvAmitrasmRti--de0 praka0 57 / 19 kalAoM meM; dravyazuddhidIpikA meM puruSottama vizvezvaranibandha-saMskAramayUkha meM b0| sambhavataH dvArA va0 / mukhya vaiSNava vratoM, utsavoM, kRtyoM pr| __ madanapArijAta yA vizvezvara kI subodhinI ttiikaa| pANDu0 tithi saMvat 1496 (1440 I0), vizvezvarapaDati-saMnyAsa para vizvezvara dvaaraa| saMskAra- bhaNDArakara (1883-84, pR0 76) / mayUkha meM v0| viSNubhaktirahasya-rAmAnanda dvArA v0| vizvezvarasmati-hulza (saM0 69) / viSNumUrtipratiSThAvidhi--rAmAcArya ke putra kRSNadeva vizvezvarasmRtibhAskara--hulza (saM0 144) / dvaaraa| vaiSNavadharmAnuSThAnapaddhati yA nRsiMhaparicaryAvizvezvarIpati--(yA yatidharmasaMgraha) cidAnandAzrama paddhati nAmaka bRhat grantha kA eka aNsh| pANDu0 / ke ziSya acyutAzrama dvaaraa| jJAnArNava kA ullekha hai| saMvata 1675 meM utArI gyii| vizvezvarIsmRti-acyutAzrama dvaaraa| viSNuyAgapati-Apadeva ke putra anantadeva dvaaraa| viSaSaTikAjananazAnti-(yA viSanAr3IjananazAnti, de0 praka0 109 / putra kI icchA rakhanevAle vyakti vRddhagAryasaMhitA se) viSaghaTikA nAmaka cAra kAloM dvArA kiye jAnevAle kRtyoM pr| alavara (saM0 meM janma hone se utpanna duSTa pratiphaloM ke nivAraNArtha 1458); bar3odA (saM0 2264, zaka 1604) / kRtyoM pr| viSNurahasya-aparArka, dAnasAgara evaM jImUtavAhana ke viSNatattvaprakAza-vanamAlI dvaaraa| mAdhva anuyAyiyoM kAlaviveka dvArA v0| ke lie smArta kRtyoM para eka nibndh| viSNudhADa-gobhilagRhya meM nArAyaNabali kA eka viSNutattvavinirNaya-AnandatIrtha dvaaraa| bhaag| viSNutIrthIyavyAkhyAna--surottamAcArya dvaaraa| viSNupAdapaddhati-(yA viirpuujaapddhti)| viSNudharmamImAMsA-somabhaTTa ke putra nRsiMhabhaTTa dvaaraa| viSNuprADapati-rAmezvara ke putra nArAyaNa dvaaraa| alavara (saM0 1457) / bar3odA (saM0 8171) /

Page #612
dharmazAstrIya pranthasUcI viSNusamuccaya- aparArka, madanapArijAta ( pR0 291) dvArA va0 / viSNusmRti-de0 viSNudharmasUtra / bIranAsihAvalokana de0 vIrasiMhAvalokana | bIramitrodaya --- mitra mizra dvArA yAjJavalkyasmRti para TI0 / AcAra para cAra bhAga / caukhambhA sIrIja dvArA mudrita / de0 praka0 108 / vIrazaivadharmanirNaya | mI sahamitrodaya - ( saMskAraprakaraNa) rAma jyotirvid dvArA / bIrasihAvalokana - (yA vilokana) tomaravaMza ke kamalasiMhAtmaja devazarmA ke putra vIrasiMha rAjA dvArA / isa janma meM kiye gaye pApoM kI zAnti pr| saM0 1439 (1383 I0) meM praNIta / sTIna ( pR0 189) / i0 kA 0 pANDu 0 85 (1869-70 ) kI tithi 1572 | aisA kahA gayA hai ki yaha Ayurveda, jyotiHzAstra evaM dharmazAstra kA sakSepa hai| yaha garga, gautama, zAlihotra, manu, vyAsa, purANa para AdhRta hai| ise 'sUryAruNa' bhI kahA gayA hai / 1605 vRddhahArItasmRti - jIvAnanda (bhAga 1, pR0 194 409) evaM AnandAzrama ( pR0 236-356) dvArA mudrita / vRddhAtrismRti - jIvAnanda (bhAga 1, pR0 47-59] dvArA mudrita / vRddhizrAddha / vRddhizrAddhadIpikA - uddhava ke putra anantadeva dvArA / vRddhizrAddhapaddhati --- banArasa meM uddhavadvivedI ke putra anantadeva dvArA | vRddhizrAddhaprayoga - nArAyaNa bhaTTa dvArA ( prayogaratna kA eka aMza ) / vRddhizrAddha vidhi - - karuNAzaMkara dvArA / vRddhizrAddhavinirNaya ( mAdhyandinIya ) uddhava ke putra anantadeva dvaaraa| bar3odA ( 10464 ) / vRndAvanapaddhati -- vallamAcArya sampradAya ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie| vRSabhadAna / vRSabhotsarga / vRSotsargakaumudI - -rAmakRSNa dvArA / vRSotsarga tasva - raghu0 dvaaraa| Rgveda, yajurveda evaM sAma veda meM pratyeka ke lie likhA / vRkSodyApana | vRttaratnapradIpikA-vAdazI ko upavAsa tor3ane ke ucita vRSotsargapaddhati-- kAtIyazAkhA se sambaddha; zonakakRta kAla para / vAtsya vedAntadAsa dvArA / bRtazatasaMgraha -- ( yA vRttazataka) manoratha ke putra evaM bhAskarAcArya ke pitA mahezvara dvArA / ni0 si0 evaM govindArNava meM va0 / jyotiSa grantha laga0 1100-1150 I0 / yAgavidhi, nakSatra vidhi, bhuvAbhiSeka, yAtrA, gocaravidhi, saMkrAnti, devapratiSThA para 11 prkrnn| bar3odA (saM0 8173 ) / bRddhagautamasaMhitA - jIvAnanda (bhAga 2, pR0 497 638) dvArA mudrita / buddhapArAzarIsaMhitA - (12 adhyAyoM meM) de0 vRddha vRSotsargabhASya -sTIna ( pR0 104 ) ! parAzarasahitA, praka0 35 / vRSotsargavidhi - madhusUdana gosvAmI dvArA / kahI gayI hai / vRSotsarga paddhati - rAmezvara ke putra nArAyaNa dvArA / vRSotsargapariziSTa / vRSotsargaprayoga - ( vAcaspatisaMgraha) yajurveda ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie ( baudhAyanIya ) / buvotsargaprayoga - nAgadeva ke putra anantabhaTTa dvArA / frequotsargaprayoga nAma bhI hai| vRSotsargaprayoga -- (chandoga ) raghu0 dvArA likhita kahA gayA hai / buddhazAtAtapasmRti - AnandAzrama ( pR0 232-235) vRSotsargAdipaddhati - kAtyAyanakRta; 307 lokoM meM / dvArA mudrita / bar3odA (saM0 9470, tithi saM0 1592) /

Page #613
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa begarAjasaMhitA-vegarAja dvaaraa| saM0 1559 (randhreSu- vaidynaathsNgrh| __ bAgazazI), arthAt 1503 ii0| vaidyanApIya-de0 smRtimuktaaphl| veNI-yAtrA ke pUrva varuNa-pUjA kI vidhiyoM ke viSaya meN| vaizampAyananItisaMgraha-de0 nItiprakAza (-prakAzikA) / bIkAnera (pR. 492) vaizampAyanasmRti-mitAkSarA (yAza* 3 / 326) evaM vennugopaalprtisstthaa| aparArka dvArA vnnit| vedavyAsasthati--AnandAzrama (pR0 357-371) dvArA vaiSNavadhanikA-rAmAnanda nyAyavAgIza dvaaraa| mu0| vaiSNavadharmakhaNDana-bar3odA (saM0 1741) / puNDadhAraNa bedvrt| Adi ke virodha meN| vedAnadhyAya-vaidika adhyayana kI chadriyoM ke viSaya meN| vaiSNavadharmapadati-kRSNadeva dvaaraa| vaikhAnasadharmaprazna-de0 praka0 15 / TI0 mAdhavAcArya ke vaiSNavadharmamImAMsA--anantarAma dvaaraa| putra nRsiMhavAjapeyI dvaaraa| vaiSNavadharmazAstra-109 zlokoM meM; saMskAra, gRhidharma, vaikhAnasamantraprazna- (vaikhAnasasmArtasUtra ke lie mantra) AzramoM, pArivAjya, rAjadharma para pAMca adhyaay| 8 praznoM meM (cAra prazna san 1910 meM kuMbhakoNam vaiSNavadharmasukhamamaJjarI-nimbArka anugAmI kezava dvArA mudrita hue)| kAzmIrI ke anuyAyI saMkarSaNazaraNa dvaaraa| vaikhAnasasaMhitA--kAlamAdhavIya, ni0 si0 evaM samaya- vaiSNavadharmAnuSThAnapaddhati-rAmAcArya ke putra kRSNadeva mayUkha dvArA v0| dvaaraa| vaikhAnasasUtradarpaNa-mAdhavAcArya vAjapeyayAjI ke putra vaiSNavanirNaya-alavara (saM0 1466) / nRsiMha dvaaraa| vaikhAnasagRhya ke anusAra gharelU kRtyoM vaiSNavaprakriyA-vedacUr3AlakSmaNa dvaaraa| vijJAnezvara, para eka laghu pustikA / illaura meM san 1915 I0 meM ni0 si0 evaM sudhIvilocana kA ullekha hai| mudrit| vaiSNavalakSaNa-kRSNatAtAcArya dvaaraa| vakhAnasasUtrAnukramaNikA-koNDapAcArya ke putra veMkaTa- vaissnnvsrvsv--hlaayudhkRt| brAhmaNasarvasva meM ulli__ yogI dvaaraa| khit| vaikhAnasasmRtisUtra-10 praznoM meM (gRhya ke 7 evaM dharma vaiSNavasiddhAntadIpikA-nRhari ke putra kRSNAtmaja rAmacandra ke 3) / san 1914 meM kumbhakoNam dvArA evaM dvaaraa| TI. rAmacandra (lekhaka) ke putra nRsiMhAtmana bibli0 iNDi0 sIrIz2a meM DA0 kaileNDa dvArA anuudit| viThThala dvaaraa| (1927 evaM 1929) / TI0 mAdhavAcarya ke putra vaissnnvaacaarsNgrh| . nRsiMha vAjapeyI dvaaraa| vaiSNavAmRta-Ahnikatattva (raghu0 kRta) evaM ni0 si0 vaijayantI-nandapaNDita dvArA viSNudharmasUtra para TI0, meM v0| 1623 I0 meM praNIta / de0 praka0 105 / vaiSNavAmRta-bholAnAtha dvaaraa| no0 (jilda 6, pR0 vaitaraNIdAna-baitaraNI pAra karane ke lie kAlI gAya ke 185-6) / dAna pr| vaiSNavAhnika--bar3odA (saM0 10543) / vataraNIdAnaprayoga-sTIna (pR0 104) / vaiSNavopayoginirNaya--Da. kA. pANDu0 (saM0 160, vaidikprkriyaa| 1884-86) tithi saMvat 1732 (1675-6 I0) / vaidikvijydhvj| isameM prahlAdasaMhitA, rAmArcanacandrikA kA ullekha devikAcAranirNaya-saccidAnanda dvaaraa| hai| kaThazAkhA evaM atharvaveda (ebhirvayam tamasya

Page #614
dharmazAstrIya granyasUcI ciratA loke subhagA bhavema ) se zloka uddhRta kara zarIra para catra aMkita karane kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai / vyatiSaMganirNaya - raghunAtha bhaTTa dvArA / vyatIpAtajananazAntikamalAkara bhaTTa dvArA / vyatIpAtavratakalpa / vyatIpAtaprakaraNa / vyavasthAdarpaNa -- rAmazarmA ke putra AnandazarmA dvArA / tithisvarUpa, malamAsa, saMkrAnti, Azoca, zrAddha, dAyAnadhikArI, dAyavibhAga Adi smRti-kRtyoM evaM niyamoM para / no0 (jilda 8, pR0 211) / vyavasthAdIpikA -- rAdhAnAtha zarmA dvaaraa| no0 (jiruda 10, pR0 84 ) / kevala Azauca para / vyavasthAnirNaya - ajJAta / tithi, saMkrAnti, Azauca, dravyazuddhi, prAyazcitta, vivAha, dAya pr| vyavalyAprakAza / vyavasthAratnamAlA - gadAdhara ke putra lakSmInArAyaNa nyAyAlaMkAra dvArA / dAyabhAga, strIdhana, dattakavyavasthA para 10 gucchoM meM / mitAkSarA evaM vidhAnamAlA kA ullekha hai / vyavasthArNava - ajJAta / vyavasthArNava -- raghunandana dvArA / pUrvakraya para / vyavasthArNava-- rAya rAghava ke Adeza para raghunAtha dvArA / vyavasthArNava ---- rAmabhaTTa dvArA / de0 smRtitattvavinirNaya ke antargata / vyavasthAsaMkSepa gaNezabhaTTa dvArA / vyavasthAsaMgraha - gaNezabhaTTa dvArA prAyazcitta, uttarAdhikAra para nirNaya | vyavasthAsaMgraha - maheza dvArA / Azauca, sapiNDIkaraNa, saMkrAntividhi, durgotsava, janmASTamI, Ahnika, devapratiSThA, divya, dAyabhAga, prAyazcitta ke viSaya meM nizcita niSkarSo para / raghu0 para AvRta / vyavasthAsAra - nArAyaNazarmA dvArA ( bar3odA, pR0 452 ) / Ahnika, Azauca, tithi, dattaputra, vivAha, zrAddha para / nimnalikhita se bhinna / 1607 vyavasthAsArasaMgraha - nArAyaNazarmA dvaaraa| uttarAdhikAra niyama pr| ise vyavasthAsArasaMcaya bhI kahA gayA hai / no0 (jilda 3, pR0 126-127 evaM iNDi0 0 453) jisameM vyakta hai ki grantha meM Azauca, dAyabhAga evaM zrAddha kA vivaraNa hai ! vyavasthAsArasaMgraha -- maheza dvArA / sambhavataH yaha vyavasthAsaMgraha hI hai| A0, vyavasthAsArasaMgraha - mukunda ke putra rAmagovinda cakravartI dvArA | tithi, saMkrAnti, antyeSTi, Azauca Adi para / no0 (jilda 4, pR0 289-291) / no0 nyU0 ( 1, pR0 349) meM lekhaka ko caTTavaMza ke rAmagopAla kA putra kahA gayA hai| vyavasthAsetu - Izvaracandra zarmA dvArA / pANDu zaka 1741 (1819-20 I0 ) meM utArI huI hai / vyavahArakamalAkara -- rAmakRSNa ke putra kamalAkara dvArA / dharmatattva kA sAtavA~ prakaraNa / vyavahArakalpataru -- lakSmIdhara dvArA ( kalpataru kA aMza ) / de0 praka0 77 vyavahArakoza - vardhamAna dvArA / tattvAmRtasAroddhAra kA eka bhAga / mithilA ke rAjA rAma ke Adeza se praNIta / 15vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM / vyavahArakaumudI -- siddhAntavAgIza bhaTTAcArya dvArA / bar3odA (saM0 20105, tithi zaka 1535) / vyavahAracaNDezvara -- saMskAramayUkha meM va0 / vyavahAracandrodaya - kIrticandrodaya kA bhAga / nyAyasambandhI vidhi evaM vivAdapadoM para / vyavahAracamatkAra --- nAthamalla ke putra bhavAnIdAsAtmaja rUpanArAyaNa dvArA / saMvat 1637 (15800 81 I0) meM 13 prakaraNoM meM likhita (Da0 kA0 pANDu0 saM0 199, 1883-85 evaM no0, jilda 5, pR0 91) / garbhAdhAna, puMsavana, sImantonnayana evaM anya saMskAroM, vivAha, yAtrA, malamAsanirNaya se sambandhita phalita jyotiSa para / vyavahAracintAmaNi -- vAcaspati dvArA / de0 praka0 98 /

Page #615
1608 parmazAstra kA itihAsa bhASA, uttara, kriyA evaM nirNaya pr| no0 (jilda vyavahAraprakAza-mitra mizra dvArA (vIramitrodaya kA 3, pR0 34) / aNsh)| de0 praka0 108 / vyavahAratasva-zaGkarabhaTTa ke putra nIlakaNTha dvaaraa| de0 vyavahAraprakAza-zarabhojI (taMjaura ke rAjA, 1798. praka0 107 / 1833 I0) dvaaraa| vyavahAratasva-raghunandana dvaaraa| de0 praka0 102 / vyavahAraprakAza-harirAma dvaaraa| vyavahAratasvAloka-dekhie vyvhaarlok| jyavahArapradIpa-kalyANavarmA dvaaraa| vyavahAratilaka-bhavadeva bhaTTa dvaaraa| de0 praka0 73 / vyavahArapradIpa-kRSNa dvaaraa| dharmazAstra' sambandhI vyavahAradarpaNa--anantadeva yAjJika dvaaraa| vyavahAra ke jyotiSa para / ha0 pra0 (.0 20 evaM 253), raghu0 artha, vivAdapada, prativAda, sAkSI-sAdhana, sAkSiyoM, ke divyatattva meM v0|| lekhyapramANa, svAmitva, nirNaya pr| vyavahArapradIpa-padmanAbha mizra dvArA / nyAya-sambandhI vyavahAradarpaNa-rAmakRSNa bhadra dvaaraa| rAjadharma, bhASA, vidhi pr| uttara, pratyavaskandana, prAGanyAya, sAkSI, likhita, vyahArapradIpikA--vardhamAna dvArA v0| bhukti , jayapatra pr| dhyavahAramayUkha--nIlakaNTha dvaaraa| de0 praka0 107 / vyavahAravazazloko-(yA dAyadazaka) zrIdharabhaTTa dvaaraa| bhaNDArakara o0 isTi0, pUnA; je0 Ara0 gharapure, vyavahAradIdhiti--rAjadharmakaustubha kA eka aNsh| bambaI eva vI0 ena0 maNDalika dvArA mudrit| vyavahAradIpikA--divyatasva meM raghu0 dvArA ullikhit| vyavahAramAtRkA--(yA nyAyamAtRkA) jImUtavAhana vyavahAranirNaya-(gaur3a) zUdrakamalAkara meM ullikhit| dvaaraa| de0 praka0 78 / vyavahAranirNaya--kAzI nivAsI mayArAmamizra gaur3a dvArA vyavahAramAdhava-parAzaramAdhavIya kA tRtIya bhaag| (jayasiMha ke Adeza se)| nyAya-vidhi evaM vyavahAra- vyavahAramAlA-varadarAja dvaaraa| 18vIM shtaabdii| padoM pr| Da0 kA0 pANDu0 (140, 1892-95) malAvAra meM adhika pryukt| saM0 1885 ( 1798-99 I0 ) meM utArI vyavahAramAlikA--bar3odA (saM0 6373) / gyii| vyavahAraratna-bhauAlavaMzaja candanAnanda ke putra bhAnunAtha vyavahAranirNaya--varadarAja dvaaraa| sa0 vi0 evaM ni0 daivajJa dvaaraa| si0 meM v0| 1500 I0 ke lagabhaga praNIta (varnela vyavahAraratnAkara-caNDezvara dvaaraa| de0 praka0 90 / ne anUdita kiyA hai| vyvhaarrtnaavlii| vyavahAranirNaya--zrIpati dvaaraa| jyotistattva evaM tithi- vyavahAraziromaNi--vijJAnezvara-ziSya nArAyaNa dvaar|| tattva meM v0| sambhavataH dharmazAstra-sambandhI jyotiSa de0 pra0 70 / TrAeniela kaiTa0 madrAsa, jilda 3, kI bAtoM pr| bhAga 1, pR0 3938, saM0 2750 / vyavahArapadanyAsa-de0 TrAeniela kaiTa0, madrAsa, pANDu0 vyavahArasamuccaya-harigaNa dvaaraa| san 1919-22 I0, jilda 4, pR0 4836 / vyava- vyavahArasamuccaya--raghu0 dvArA devapratiSThAtattva meM evaM hArAvalokanavarma, prAvivAkadharma, sabhAlakSaNa, samya- ni0 si0 meM ullikhita / lakSaNa, samyopadeza, vyavahArasvarUpa, vicAravidhi vyavahArasarvasva-vizvezvaradIkSita ke putra sarvezvara dvaaraa| evaM bhASAnirUpaNa nAmaka 8 viSayoM pr| vyavahArasAra-mayArAma mizra dvaaraa| vyahAraparibhASA-haridatta mizra dvaaraa| vyavahArasAra-ni0 si0 evaM nirNayadIpaka meM v0| vyvhaarprishisstt| vyavahArasArasaMgraha-nArAyaNa zarmA dvaaraa|

Page #616
dharmazAstrIya granyasUcI vyavahArasArasaMgraha- - rAmanAtha dvArA / no0 nyU0 (jilda vratakAlaniSkaSaM -- madhusUdana vAcaspati dvArA / 3, pR0 192) / vyavahArasAroddhAra --- madhusUdana gosvAmI dvArA lAhaura ke raNajIta siMha ke rAjyakAla meM praNIta (san 1799 I0 ) / vratakAlavivekazUlapANi kRta / de0 praka0 95 / vratakaumudI - - rAma kRSNabhaTTa dvArA / vratakaumudI - zaGkarabhaTTa dvArA / vratakaustubha / vratakhaNDa - caturvarga cintAmaNi kA prathama bhAga / vratacUDAmaNi / vratatattva -- raghu0 dvArA / de0 praka0 102 / vratanirNaya --- odumbaraSi dvArA / vyavahAra siddhAntapIyUSa -- kolabruka ke anurodha para naMdI - pati ke putra citrapati dvArA zaka 1725 (1803-4 I0) meM praNIta / TI0 lekhaka dvArA / vyavahArasaukhya-- ToDarAnanda kA eka aMza / vyavahArAMma tisarvasva --- jayasiMha ke Adeza se banArasa ke mayArAmamizra gaur3a dvArA / nyAya - vidhi evaM vyavahArapadoM kA vivaraNa / vyavahArAdarza - cakrapANi mizra dvArA / Da0 kA 0 pANDu0 saM0 247 (1887-91 I0 ) / bhojanavidhi, abhojyAnna pr| pANDu0 adhUrI hai / vyavahArArthasAra --- madhusUdana dvaaraa| yaha vyavahA rasAroddhAra vrataprakAza-- anantadeva dvArA | vyavahArArthasmRtisArasamuccaya- zarabhojI ( taMjaura ke 'rAjA, 1798-1833 I0 ) dvArA / sambhavataH yaha vyavahAraprakAza hI hai / vyavahArAloka - gopAla siddhAntavAgIza dvArA / vyavahAroccaya - surezvara upAdhyAya dvArA / ToDarAnanda, ni0 si0, govindArNava, smRtikaustubha dvArA u0 / 1500 I0 ke pUrva / vyAghrasmRti-- (yA vyAghrapAdasmRti) mitAkSarA ( yAjJa0 3 / 30 ), aparArka, haradatta dvArA va0 / byAsasmRti--- de0 praka0 52 / jIvAnanda (2, pR0 321342) evaM AnandAzrama ( pR0 357 - 371) dvArA mu0 / laga0 248 zloka | TI0 kRSNanAtha dvArA / vrajatattva / vrajapaddhati / vratakamalAkara-kamalAkara bhaTTa dvArA / de0 praka0 106 / vratakalpa - nirNayadIpaka dvArA u0 / vratakAlanirNaya - AdityabhaTTa dvArA / vratakAlanirNaya - bhAratItIrtha dvArA / 1609 vratapaJjI -- droNakula ke devasiMha - putra navarAja dvArA / vratapaddhati --- rudradhara mahAmahopAdhyAya dvArA / de0 praka0 96 / eka pANDu0 lakSmaNasena saMvat ( la0 sa0 ) 344 (1463 I0) kI hai / ha0 pra0 13 evaM 73 / vrataprakAza-vIramitrodaya kA eka aMza / vrataprakAza---- dekhie vratarAja / vratapratiSThAtatva- raghu0 dvaaraa| dekhie 'vratatattva' / vratapratiSThAprayoga - ( yA sAdhAraNavratapratiSThAprayoga ) / vratabandhapaddhati -- gaNezvara ke putra rAmadattamantrI dvArA / vAjasaneyazAkhA ke lie / vratabodhavivRti - ( yA vRtabodhinIsaMgraha) tithinirUpaNa, vratamahAdvAdazI, rAmanavabhyAdivrata, mAsanirUpaNa, vaizAkhAdicaitrAntamAsakRtyanirUpaNa para vaiSNavoM ke lie pA~ca pariccheda / no0 nyU0 (jilda 2, pR0 182) / vrataratnAkara ---- sAmarAja dvaaraa| zolApura meM san 1871 I0 meM mudrita / vratarAja - koNDabhaTTa dvArA / vratarAja --- ( vrataprakAza) gopAla ke putra vizvanAtha dvArA / zaka 1658 ( arthAt 1736 I0 ) meM banArasa meM saMgRhIta | ye zANDilyagotra ke cittapAvana brAhmaNa the aura ratnagiri jile ke saMgamezvara se Aye the| kaI bAra bambaI meM prakA0 / veMkaTezvara presa vAlA saMskaraNa navInatama hai| vratavallI /

Page #617
dharmazAstra kA pratihAsa vratavivekabhAskara-kRSNacandra dvaaraa| vAtyatAzuddhi-sTIna (pR0 105) / vratasaMgraha-karNATavaMza ke rAjA harisiMha ke Adeza se bAtyatAzuddhisaMgraha-caukhambhA saM0 sI0 dvArA prakA0 / prnniit| 14vIM zatAbdI kA prathama cturthaaNsh| vAtyastomapaddhati-mAdhavAcArya dvaaraa| no0 nyU0 vratasama ccaya--nirNayadIpaka dvArA v0| (jilda 3, pR0 194) / vAtya kA artha hai ptitvrtsNpaat| sAvitrIkA vratasAgara-caNDezvara dvArA varNita / zakunArNava-(yA zakunazAstra yA zAkuna) vasantarAja vratasAra--gadAdhara dvaaraa| dvArA / de0 vasantarAjIya ke antrgt| TI0 bhAnuvratasAra-dalapati dvArA (nRsiMhaprasAda kA eka aNsh)| candragaNi dvaaraa| vratasAra--zrIdatta dvaaraa| de0 praka0 89 / zaMkaragItA--jImUtavAhana ke kAlaviveka meM evaM hemAdri vatAcAra--gaMgolI saJjIvezvara zarmA ke putra ratnapANi dvArA v0| 1000 I0 ke pUrva / zarmA dvArA khaNDabala kula ke chatrAMsaha- putra rudrasiMhA- zaMkupratiSThA---gRha banAne ke lie nIMva rakhate samaya ke tmaja mithilA ke rAjA mahezvarasiMha kI AjJA se kRtyoM pr| likhit| zrIdatta ko apane AdhAra ke rUpa meM evaM shNkrbhdrii| jyotirbandha ko u0 kiyA hai| zaMkhacakradhAraNavAda-pItAmbara ke putra puruSottama dvaaraa| vatArka-gadAdhara dIkSita dvaaraa| bar3odA (736) vatArka---nIlakaNTa ke putra zaGkara dvaaraa| 1620-1675 zaMkhadharasamaccaya-jImata ke kAlaviveka meM ullikhita / I. ke bIca meN| inhoMne kuNDabhAskara san 1671 meM zaMkhalikhitadharmasUtra-de0 praka0 12 / TI0 kalpataru likhA hai| san 1877 evaM 1881 meM lakhanaU meM evaM vi0 ra0 meM v0| . mudrita huaa| zaMkhalikhitasmRti-de0 praka0 12; AnandA0 (pR. vratodyota-dinakarodyota kA eka aMza / 372-373) dvArA prkaa| vrtodyaapn| zaMkhasmRti-de0 praka0 12; jIvAnanda (bhAga 2, pR0 vratodyApanakInadI-zakara dvaaraa| le0 vallAlasUri ke 343-374) evaM AnandAzrama (pR0 374-395) putra, 'ghora' umAdhivArI evaM cittapAvana sAkhA ke dvArA mudrita / the| inhoMne gAMdhApanakaumudI bhI likhI aura apanI zatakratusmRti- mada0 pAri0 meM ullikhita / rudrAnuSThAnakaumudI kI ora bhI saMketa kiyA hai| zatacaNDIpaddhati-govinda dvaaraa| zaka 1625 (zAke zaradvayAGgacandre) arthAt 1703- zatacaNDIprayoga-nArAyaNabhaTTa ke putra kRSNabhaTTa dvaaraa| 4 I0 meM praNIta / jJAnadarpaNa presa, bambaI meM mudrita zatacaNDIvidhAnapati-jayarAmabhadra dvaaraa| (1863 I.) zatacaNDIvidhAnapUjApati-de0 sTIna (pR0 237) / vratodyApanakaumudI-rAmakRSNa dvaaraa| hemAdri para zatacaNDIsahastracaNDIprayoga--kamalAkara dvArA (unake AvRta! gAr3oM ke vratoM pr| zAMtiratna se)| vratopavAsasaMgraha--nirbhayarAma bhaTTa dvaaraa| zatavayI-prAyazcitta pr| de0 praayshcittshtdvyii| TI. vAtyatAprAyazcittanirNaya-(nAgojibhaTTa ke prAyazcitte- praayshcittprdiipikaa| nduzekhara se uddhRta / isameM nirNaya huA hai ki Adhunika zatazlokI- yallabhaTTa dvaaraa| rAjakumAra upanayana sampAdana ke adhikArI nahIM haiN| zatazlokI-veMkaTeza dvaaraa| bRhat evaM laghurUpa meM caukhambhA saM0 sI0dvArA prkaa0| zatAnandasaMgraha-gadAdhara ke kAlasAra meM v0| .

Page #618
dharmazAstrIya granthasUcI shtrughnii| zATyAyana--(yA-nismRti) jImUta0 ke kAlaviveka meM zatrumitropazAnti / __evaM aparArka dvArA v0| shmyaadaan| zANDilyagRhya---dradatta dvArA v0| ApastambazrautasUtra kAravakSasmRti -vataprakAza yA vratarAja meM v0| (9 / 11 / 21) pr| zAkaTAyanasmRti--aparArka evaM zrAddhamayUkha dvArA ulli- zANDilyadharmazAstra--(padya meM) garbhAdhAnAdisaMskAra, khit| brahmacAridharma, gRhasthavihitadharma, gRhasthaniSiddhadharma, zAkalasmRti-vyavahAramayUkha evaM dattakamImAMsA meM varNavarma, dehazodhana, sAvitrIjapAdi, caturvarNadoSa pr| ullikhit| de0 TrAenIela kaiTa0 madrAsa, pANDu0 1919-21 shaaNkhaayngRhykaarikaa| - (jilda 4, pR0 5153) ke lie| shaaNkhaayngRhnirnny| zANDilyasmRti--mitA0 (yAjJa0 3 / 280), smRtica0, zAMkhAyanagudyapariziSTa--ni0 si0 evaM saMskArakaustubha maskaribhASya (gautamadharmasUtra) dvArA va0 / bhAgavatA___ meM ullikhit| cAra para 5 adhyAyoM meN| madrAsa gavarnameNTa pANDu0 zAMkhAyanagRhyasaMskArapati-vizvanAtha kRt| (jilda 5, pR0 1991); bar3odA (saM0 7966) / zAMkhAyanagRhyasaMskAra-IjaTa ke putra vAsudeva dvArA zAtAtapasmRti---gadya-padya-mizrita / zuddhi evaM AcAra (banArasa sI0 dvArA prakA0) / sTIna (pR0 19; pr| iMDi0 A0 (pR0 398) / saMvat 1428) / zAtAtapasmRti--de0 praka0 28 / jIvAnanda (bhAga 2, zAkhApanagRhyasUtra-olDenavarga dvArA iNDizce sTU Diena meM pR0 435-455) evaM AnandAzrama (pR0 396 sampA0, jilda 15, pR0 1-166 evaM sai0 bu0 I0 410) dvArA prkaa0| (jilda 29) dvArA anUdita / To0 (bhASya) zAtAtapasmRti-47 adhyAyoM evaM 2376 zlokoM meN| haradatta dvArA; zuddhitattva ke mata se kalpataru dvArA u0 no0 (jilda 2, pR0 4) / 1100 I0 ke pUrva / TI0 (kevala 4 adhyAyoM para), zAntikamalAkara---(yA zAntiratna) kamalAkara bhaTTa no0 (jilda 1, pR0 2-4) / TI. prayogadIpa, dvArA / apazakunoM kI zAnti pr| de0 praka0 106 / dharaNIdhara ke putra dayAzaMkara dvaaraa| TI0 arthadarpaNa, bambaI meM mudrit| raghunAtha dvaaraa| TI0 gRhyasUtrapaddhati yA AdhAnasmRti, zAntikalpadIpikA-gRhyAgni meM meDhaka par3ane, pallIpatana, zrIvaramAlavAtmaja zivadAsa-putra sUryadAsasUnu rAma- mUla yA AzleSA nakSatra meM putrotpatti Adi para zAnti candra dvaaraa| TI0 gRhmapradIpaka, zrIpatitanuja kRSNAjI ke kRtyoM pr| dvivedI ke putra nArAyaNa dvaaraa| gujarAta sthita zAntikalpapradIpa--(yA kRtyApallavadIpikA) zrI zrIpATalApurI ke nAgara kula se sambandhita vaMzAvalI kRSNa vidyAvAgIza dvaaraa| virodhiyoM ko mohita dI huI hai| zrIpati usa kula ke caNDAMzu se AThaveM the| karane, vaza meM karane yA mArane ke mantroM pr| pANDu0 1629 (varSe nandakaratucandrasaMmite mAghe Adi) saMvat tithi saMvat 1851 / (sambhavataH vikrama saMvat ) meM prnniit| lekhaka ne gRhya- shaantiklpltaa-ajnyaat| sUtrapaddhati bhI likhii| alavara evaM Da0 kA pANDu0 shaantiklyaannii|| (saM06, 1879-90 / / TI0 baalaavbodhpddhti| zAntikavidhi--vasiSTha kRt| 213 zlokoM meN| dekhie zAMkhAyanAhika-(yA-hnikadIpikA) vatsarAja ke putra vAsiSThIbhASya, Upara / vasiSTha ne rAma se yaha kahA hai acala dvaaraa| laga0 1518 ii0| ki kisa prakAra ve (rAma), rAvaNa, pANDava loga evaM 130

Page #619
1612 kaMsa viparIta nakSatroM ke kAraNa pIr3ita hue| isameM ayutahoma, lakSahoma, koTihoma, navagrahahoma Adi para vivecana hai| mAdhyandinIya zAkhA se mantra liye gaye haiN| Da0 kA0 pANDu0 saM0 104 (187172) / zAntikaumudI --- rAmakRSNa ke putra kamalAkara bhaTTa dvArA / sambhavataH yaha zAntikamalAkara hI hai| zAntikaustubha - se0 prA0 kaiTalaoNga (saM0 5585) / zAntigaNapati gaNapati rAvala dvArA / laga0 1685 I0 / dharmazAstra kA itihAsa zAnticandrikA --- kavIndra dvArA / kAvyacandrikA ( lekhaka kRta) meM va0 / de0 aupheTa ( pR0 211 bI ) / zAnticaritra / zAnticintAmaNi --- kulamuni dvArA / lekhaka ke nItiprakAza meM va0 / zAnticintAmaNi - moDha jAti ke vizrAma - putra ziva rAma dvArA / zAntitasvAmRta - ( yA zAntikatattvAmRta ) nArAyaNa cakravartI dvArA / adbhutasAgara kA ullekha hai / zAnti kI paribhASA yoM hai--' yathA zastropaghAtAnAM kavacaM vinivAraNam / tathA devopaghAtAnAM zAntibhavati vAraNam etena adRSTadvArA aihikamAtrAniSTanivAraNaM zAnti: / ' zAntivIpikA- raghu0 dvArA zuddhitattva, saMskAratattva, ekAdazItattva, zrAddhatattva ( pR0 195 ) meM va0 / zAntinirNaya / zAntipaddhati- vizrAma ke putra zivarAma dvArA / sAmaveda ke anusAra navagrahoM kI zAnti ke kRtyoM para / lekhaka chandogAnayAhnika bhI likhA hai / pANDu0 (iNDi0 A0, pR0 570 saM0 1762 ) kI tithi saM0 1806 (1749-50 I0) hai | zAntipArijAta --- anantabhaTTa dvArA / zAntipustaka / zAntipauSTikavardhamAna kRta / zAntiprakaraNa baudhAyanIya / zAntiprakAra- gobhila dvArA / karmapradIpa ke prathama 7 adhyAya / zAntiprakAza vIramitrodaya se / zAntibhASya- -vedamizra dvArA | yaha vAsiSThIbhASya hI hai / zAntimayUkha --- nIlakaNTha dvArA de0 praka0 107 / bambaI meM je0 Ara0 gharapure dvArA prakA0 / zAntirasna -- ( yA zAntiratnAkara kamalAkara bhaTTa dvArA / 0 praka0 106 ( bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 esa0 kaiTa0, pR0 234, saM0 729 ) / de0 'zAntikamalAkara / ' zAntiviveka - vizvanAtha dvArA / grahoM kI zAnti ke kRtyoM para ( madanaratna kA eka aMza ) / de0 alavara (353) / zAntisarvasva ni0 si0 evaM saMskArakaustubha meM u0zAntisAra - dalapatirAja dvArA (nRsihaprasAda kA aMza ) / zAntisAra -- rAmakRSNa ke putra dinakarabhaTTa dvaaraa| ayutahoma, lakSahoma, koTihoma, grahazAnti, vainAyakIzAnti, vivAhAdI ruzAnti nAmaka zAnti kRtyoM para / bambaI meM kaI bAra mudrita / zAntihoma - mAdhava dvArA / zAntyudyota -- madanaratna kA aMza / de0 pra0 94 / zApavimocana - madanaratna kA aMza / de0 praka0 94 / zAmbavyagRhyasUtra / zAradAkramadIpikA -- dugautsavaviveka meM evaM raghu0 dvArA va0 / zAradAtilaka - vArendrakula ke vijayAcAryAtmaja zrIkRSNa ke putra lakSmaNadezikendra dvArA / tAntrika grantha, kintu dharmazAstra-granthoM meM bahudhA uddhRta huA hai / sarvadarzanasaMgraha evaM raghu ke divyatattva dvArA va0 / 1300I0 ke pUrva / TI0 1449-50 I0 meM rAmavAjapeyI dvArA kuNDamaNDapalakSaNa meM va0 TI0 gUDhArthadIpikA, zrIrAma bhAratI ke ziSya trivikramajJa dvaaraa| TI0 gUDhArthaprakAzikA, kAmarUpapati dvaaraa| TI0 gUDhArthasAra, vikramabhaTTa dvArA | TI0 kAzInAtha dvaaraa| TI0 tantrapradIpa, lakSmaNadezika dvaaraa| TI0 tantrapradIpa,

Page #620
dharmazAstrIya pranyasUcI rAghavendra ke putra gadAdhara dvArA; mithilA ke rAjA hosiMga kula ke kRSNa dvaaraa| de0 barnela (pR0 133 bhairavendra ke putra rAmabhadra ke zAsanakAla meM laga0 1450 e)| hemAdri, mAdhava evaM madanaratna kA u0 hai| I0 meM prnniit| (de0 no, jilda 6, pR0 233) / 1450 I0 ke pazcAt / dI. nArAyaNa dvaaraa| TI0 prakAza, mathurAnAtha shaastropdeshkm| zukla dvaaraa| TI0 mAdhava dvaaraa| TI0 padArthAdarza, ziGgAbhaTTIya-ni0 si0 meM u0| se0 prA0 saM05670 / rAmezvarAtmaja pRthvIdhara ke putra rAghavabhaTTa dvArA; zivatattvaratnAkara-kelaDi kula ke rAjA vasappanAyaka vratarAja meM va0; lekhaka kA kula janasthAna (nAsika) prathama dvaaraa| rAjanIti para eka adhyAya hai| se banArasa AyA thA; 1550 rodrapauSasita 12 kalloloM meM vibhakta evaM pratyeka kallola kaI taraMgoM (sambhavataH vikrama saM0) meM praNIta; alavara (669) / meM vibhkt| madrAsa se bI. es. nAtha eNDa kampanI TI. rAmadIkSita dvaaraa| TI0 zabdArthacintAmaNi, dvArA prkaa| premanidhipantha dvaaraa| TI0 harSakaumudI, zrIharSadIkSita zivadamanArcanapaddhati-alavara ke pUrvavartI rAjA vinayasiMha dvaaraa| ke lie praNIta / alavara (saM0 1485) / zAradA_prayoga-- rAmacandra dvaaraa| zivadyumaNidIpikA-yaha dinakarodyota hI hai| shaalgraamvaanklp| zivapUjanapaddhati-harirAya dvaaraa| zAlagrAmadAnapati--bAbAdeva dvaaraa| de0 iNDi0 A0 zivapUjA--(aghorapaddhati) de0 bIkAnera (pR0611)| (pR0 593, saM0 1805); pANDu0 tithi saMvat zivapUjAtaraMgiNI-jayarAma ke putra evaM jar3e virudadhArI 1858 (1801-2 I0) / kAzInAtha dvaaraa| shaalpaamnirnny| zivapUjApati---ajJAta / no0 (jilda 2,pR0 225) / zAlaprAmaparIkSA-zaMkara daivajJa dvArA / iNDi0 A0 (pR0 zivapUjApati-rAghavAnandanAtha dvaaraa| 592) / shivpuujaaprkaar| zAlagrAmaparIkSA--bIkAnera (pR0 450) / eka bhinna zivapUjAsaMgraha-vallabhendra sarasvatI dvaaraa| prnth| zivapUjAsUtravyAkhyAna-atri gotra ke pANDuraMga ke putra shaalpaamlkssnn--ajnyaat| no0 nyU0 (2, pR0 187) / rAmacandra dvaaraa| ziva para bauvAyana sUtra kI zAlagrAmalakSaNa--turagavadana paNDita dvaaraa| vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| no0 (jilda 10, pR0 . zAlagrAmalakSaNa-sadAziva dvivedI dvaaraa| 347) / zAlaMkAyanasmRti-smRtica0, hemAdri, maMda. pA. evaM zivapratiSThA-kamalAkara dvaaraa| ni0 si0 dvArA v0| shivraatriklp| zAlAkarmapati-pazupati kI dazakarmadIpikA kA eka zivarAtrinirNaya-zivopAdhyAya dvArA / de0 'mhaashivash| rAtrinirNaya zAstradIpa---agnihotrI nRhari dvaaraa| pANDu 0 (bar3odA, shiliNgpriikssaa| 8132), tithi saMvat 1664 (1607-8 ii.)| shivliNgprtisstthaakrm| prAyazcitta para; vyavahAra para eka grantha kA ullekha hai| shivliNgprtisstthaapryog| shaastrdiipaarthsaar| zivaliMgapratiSThAvidhi--ananta dvaaraa| zAstrasArAvali-haribhAnu zukla dvaaraa| zivaliMgapratiSThAvidhi-nArAyaNa bhaTTa ke putra rAmakRSNa zAstrasArobAra-dyAnanta rAva (?) ke Adeza se bhaTTa dvaaraa|

Page #621
1614 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa zivavAkyAvalI-vIrezvara ke putra caNDezvara dvaaraa| NDatAnirUpaNa, garbhasrAvAzIca, sadyaHzauca, zavAnu" de0 praka0 90 / gamanAzIca, antyeSTividhi, mumUrSukRtya, asthisaMcayana, zivasarvasva-ni0 si0 meM evaM raghu0 dvArA ullikhit| udakAdidAna, piNDodrakadAna, vRSotsarga, pretakriyAdhizivArAdhanadIpikA--hari dvaaraa| kArI, dravyazaddhi pr| zivArcanacandrikA-ni0 si0 meM va0 / zuddhikaumudI--siddhAntavAgIza bhaTTAcArya dvArA 1 bar3odA zivArcanacandrikA---appayadIkSita dvaaraa| (saM0 10183) / zivArcanacandrikA--zrIniketana.. ke putra zrInivAsa bhaTTa zuddhiguccha --gadAdhara ke kAlasAra meM varNita / dvaaraa| 16 prakAzoM meN| zuddhicandrikA-kAlidAsa dvaaraa| hulza (saM0 93) / zivArcanapaddhati-amarezvara dvaaraa| zuddhicandrikA--kauzikAditya ke SaDazIti yA AzaucazivArcanaziromaNi-nArAyaNAnanda nAtha dvaaraa| nirNaya para nandapaNDita dvArA ttiikaa| de0 praka0 105 / zivArcanaziromaNi---lokAnanda nAtha ke ziSya brahmAnanda zuddhacintAmaNi--vAcaspatimizra dvaaraa| de0 praka0 98 / nAtha dvaaraa| 20 ullAsoM meN| zuddhitattva-raghu0 dvaaraa| de0 praka0 102 / jIvAnanda zivAlayapratiSThA-rAdhAkRSNa dvaaraa| dvArA prakA0 / TI0 bA~kuDA meM viSNupura ke nivAsI zivASTamUrtitattvaprakAza-sadAzivendra sarasvatI ke ziSya rAdhAvallabha ke putra kAzIrAma vAcaspati dvArA; - rAmezvara dvaaraa| kalakattA meM 1884 evaM 1907 I0 meM mudrita / ziSTibhASya--de. baudhAyanagAbhASya / TI0 guruprasAda nyAyabhUSaNabhaTTAcArya dvaaraa| no0 nyU0 zakranItisAra-..-oNparTa dvArA madrAsa meM sana 1892 I0 (jilda 1, pR0 371) / TI0 rAdhAmohana zarmA meM eva jIvAnanda dvArA 1892 I0 meM prakA0 tathA pro0 dvArA; kalakattA meM 1884 evaM 1907 meM mudrit| vinayakumAra sarakAra dvArA saikeDa buksa Ava di zuddhitattvakArikA--rAmabhadra nyAyAlaMkAra dvaaraa| upahindU sIrIja meM anuudit| cAra adhyAyoM meM evaM vakta zaddhikArikA hI hai| 2500 zlokoM meN| isameM rAjadharma, astra-zastroM zuddhitaravakArikA--harinArAyaNa kii| raghu0 ke zuddhievaM bArUda (AgneyacUrNa) Adi kA varNana hai| tattva para aadhRt| shuklaassttmii| zuddhitattvArNava-zrInAtha kRta / zuddhitattva meM v0| shuddhdiipikaa--durgaadttkRt| ha0 pra0 (pR0 21 evaM (raghu0 kRta) laga0 1475-1525 ii0|| 255) / prayogasAra se sNgRhiit| zuddhidarpaNa--anantadeva yAjJika dvaaraa| zuddhi kI prishuddhsaukhy| bhASA yaha dI huI hai-'vihitakarhitvaprayojako dharmazuddhikArikA--(1) rAmabhadra nyAyAlaMkAra dvArA / raghu0 vizeSaH zuddhiH / ' govindAnanda kI zuddhikaumudI ke hI ke zuddhitattva para aadhRt| (2) nArAyaNa vandyopAdhyAya viSaya isameM haiN| dvaaraa| no0 nyU0 (2, pR0 196) / zuddhidIpa --- (yA-pradIpa) kezavabhaTTa dvaaraa| govindAnanda zuddhikArikAvali-mohanacandra vAcaspati dvArA / no0 kI zaddhikImadI ke viSayoM kA hI vivecana hai| nyU0 (1, pR0 367-369) / zuddhiratnAkara kA zuddhidIpa--ni0 si0 evaM vidhAnapArijAta tathA rudradhara ullekha hai| ke zuddhiviveka meM v0| zuddhikaumudI---govindAnanda dvaaraa| bibli0 innddi| zuddhidIpikA--(1) zrInivAsa mahIntApanIya kRta; de0 praka0 101 / jyoti mAtraprazaMsA evaM rAzinirNaya, grahanirNaya, tArAzuddhikaumudI- mahezvara dvaaraa| sahagamana, Azauca, sapi- zuddhinirNaya, vArAdinirNaya, vivAhanirNaya, jAtaka

Page #622
dharmazAstrIya pranyasUcI nirNaya, nAmAdinirNaya, yAtrAnirNaya nAmaka ATha adhyAyoM meM / laga0 1159-60 I0 meM praNIta (de0 iNDiyana eNTIkvarI, jilda 51, 1922, pR0 146147 ) ; halAyudha ke brAhmaNasarvasva meM va0 / varAhamihira kA nAma AyA hai aura unake granthoM se paryApta uddharaNa liye gaye haiN| TI0 prabhA, kRSNAcArya dvArA / TI0 prakAza, rAghavAcArya dvaaraa| (kalakattA meM san 1901 meM mudrita ) ! TI0 arthakImudI, gaNapatibhaTTa ke putra govindAnanda kavikaMkaNAcArya dvArA / de0 praka0 101 ( kalakattA meM san 1901 meM mudrita ) | TI0 durgAdatta dvArA prapaMcasAra (ha0 pra0, pR0 21 evaM 255 ) para AdhRta | TI0 nArAyaNa sarvajJa dvArA / TI0 kezavabhaTTa dvaaraa| yaha zuddhipradIpa hI hai / zuddhidIpikAvRtti -- mathurAnAtha zarmA dvArA / zuddhi nibandha -- rudrazarmA ke putra murAri dvArA / lekhaka ke pitAmaha harihara mithilA ke bhaveza ke jyeSTha putra devasiMha ke mukhyanyAyAdhIza the tathA usake prapitAmaha jayadhara lAr3ha maheza ke mukhya nyAyAvIza the / laga0 1450 I0 / zuddhinirNaya - - umApati dvArA / zuddhinirNaya --- gopAla dvArA / zuddhinirNaya vAcaspati mahAmahopAdhyAya sammizra dvArA / de0 praka0 98 / zuddhipaJjI -- raghu0 ke zuddhitattva meM va0 / zuddhiprakAza-- banArasa ke (hari) bhAskara dvArA, jo tryambakezvarapurI vAsI puruSottamAtmaja haribhaTTa ke tanuja ApAjibhaTTa ke putra the / savat 1752 (dvISusaptenduvatsare), arthAt 1695-96 I0 meM praNIta / de0 nA0 (jilda 2, pR0 126) jahA~ vRttaratnAkara ( 1732 saMvat meM praNIta ) para lekhaka kI TIkA (setu) kA ullekha hai| zuddhiprakAza-- raghu0 ke zuddhitattva meM va0 / zuddhiprakAza-- choTarAya ke Adeza se narasiMha ke putra kRSNazarmA dvArA / zuddhipradIpa -- kezavabhaTTa dvArA / de0 zuddhidIpa / 1615 zuddhipradIpikA -- kRSNadeva smArtavAgIza dvArA / zuddhiprabhA - vAcaspati dvArA / zuddhibimba-(-rudradhara ke zuddhiviveka meM va0 / 1425 I0 pUrva / zuddhimakaranda-- siddhAntavAcaspati dvAyA zuddhimayUkha - nIlakaNTha dvaaraa| de0 praka0 1071 je0 Ara0 gharapure dvArA bambaI meM prakA0 / zuddhimuktAvalI - baMgAla meM kAJjivilIyakula ke mahAmahopAdhyAya bhIma dvaaraa| Azauca para no0 nyU0 (2, pR0 106): zuddhiratna - anUpavilAsa se liyA huA / zuddhiratna -- dayAzaMkara dvArA / zuddhiratna -- gaMgArAma ke putra maNirAma dvArA / zuddhiratnAkara - caNDezvara dvArA / de0 praka0 90 ( pR0 367) / zuddhiratnAkara - mathurAnAtha cakravartI dvArA / zuddhilocana / zuddhivacomuktAgucchaka mANikyadeva (agnicit evaM paNDitAcArya upAdhivArI) dvArA / Azauca, Apaddharma, prAyazcitta Adi para TrAeniela kaiTa0, madrAsa, pANDu0 (1919-22, pR0 5474 ) / zuddhiviveka -- (1) lakSmIvara ke putra evaM haladhara ke - madanaratna kA bhAga / anuja rudradhara dvArA / de0 praka0 96 / ( 2 ) zrIkarAcArya ke putra zrInAtha dvaaraa| anta meM zUlapANi kA u0 hai / 1475-1525 I0 / ( 3 ) aniruddha kI hAralatA kA eka aMza / ( 4 ) zUlapANi dvArA; de0 praka0 95 / zuddhivivekodyota -- zuddhivyavasthAsaMkSepa -- gaur3avAsI cintAmaNi nyAyavAgIza dvArA / smRtivyavasthAsaMkSepa kA eka aMza; pANDu 0 tithi zaka 1610 (1688-89 I0) / de0 no0 . (jilda 4, pR0 130) / lekhaka ne tithi, prAyazcitta, udvAha, zrAddha evaM dAya para bhI grantha likhe haiM / zuddhivyavasthAsaMgraha | zuddhisAra --- (1) kRSNadeva smArtavAgIza ( vandyaghaTIya

Page #623
1616 brAhmaNa) dvaaraa| (2) gadAdhara dvArA / ( 3 ) zrIkaMTha zarmA dvArA / no0 nyU0 (jilda 1, pR0 372) / zuddhisetu- - umAzaMkara dvArA / zunaH pucchasmRti - mitA0 ( yAjJa0 3 / 16 ) evaM aparArka dvArA va0 / zubhakarmanirNaya -- murAri mizra dvArA / gobhila ke anusAra gRhya kRtyoM para / 15vIM zatAbdI ke anta meM (no0, jilda 6, pR0 7) / zUdrakamalAkara - (yA zUdradharmatattva) kamalAkara bhaTTa kRta / de0 praka0 106 / zUdrakarmavRtti - zeSakRSNa kI zuddhAcAraziromaNi meM va0 / zUdrakulavI pikA- rAmAnanda zarmA dvArA / baMgAla ke kAyasthoM ke itihAsa evaM vaMzAvalI kA vivecana hai / no0 (jilda 2, pR0 35) / dharmazAstra kA itihAsa sImantonnayana, jAtakarma, nAmakaraNa, niSkramaNa, annaprAzana, cUr3Akarma, vivAha para evaM paMcamahAyajJoM para bhI / mayUkha evaM zuddhitattva kA ullekha hai / 1640 I0 ke uparAnta / saMskAra ke aMza ko saMskAradIpikA bhI kahA gayA hai / zUdrapaddhati smRtimahArAja ke aMza ke rUpa meM kRSNarAja dvArA prakA0 / madanaratna kA u0 hai / godAna se Arambha hai| bar3odA (saM0 8023) / zUdraviveka - rAmazaGkara dvArA / zUdrazrAddhapaddhati - rAmadatta Thakkura dvArA / zUdraSaTkarmacandrikA | zUdrasaMskAradIpikA --- kRSNabhaTTa ke putra gopAlabhaTTa dvArA / bar3odA (saM0 8975) / zUdrasaMkara -- alavara (saM0 1492 ) / zUdrasmRti / zUtrakRtya - - lAlabahAdura dvArA / zUdrakRtyavicAratattva -- raghu0 kRta / de0 praka0 102 // zUdrAcAra -- lagatA hai, kevala purANoM ke uddharaNa mAtra zUdrajapavidhAna / diye hue hai| zUdradharmatattva -- kamalAkara bhaTTa dvArA / yaha zUdrakamalAkara zUdrAcAracintAmaNi - mithilA ke harinArAyaNa ke darabAra meM vAcaspati mizra dvArA likhita / ho hai / smRtikaumudI hI hai / de0 praka0 93 / zUdradharmodyota --- dinakarodyota kA eka aMza / gAgAbhaTTa dvArA pUrNa kiyA gayA / zUdrapaJcasaMskAravidhi - kazyapa dvArA / zUdradharmabodhinI - madanapAla dvArA / yaha madanapAla kI zUdrAcArapaddhati -- rAmadatta Thakkura dvaaraa| yaha saMdigdha hai| ki lekhaka vahI rAmadatta hai, jo caNDezvara kA cacerA bhAI thA / zUdrAcAravivekapaddhati-goNDimizra dvArA / zUdrAcAraziromaNi -- govindArNava ke lekhaka nRsiMhazeSa ke putra kRSNazeSa dvArA | kezavadAsa ( jinhoMne dakSiNa meM apanI zakti pradarzita kI aura jo paramavaiSNava ke nAma se prasiddha the / ) ke putra pilAjInRpa ke anurodha para praNIta / Da0kA pANDu0 (saM0 55, 1872-73) stambhatIrtha (khambhAta ) meM saMvat 1647 kI phAlguna vadI 4, guruvAra ( mArca 4, 1591 I0 ) ko utArI gayI / govindArNava, mitAkSarA, zaMkhadhara, zadraka zUdra paddhati - makarandapAla ke putra trivikramAtmaja deNapAla ke putra apipAla dvArA / eka pANDu0 gaur3adeza meM saMvat 1442 (1520 I0) meM utArI gayI (no0, jilda 5, pR0 302 ); zrAddhakriyAkaumudI evaM zraddhatattva meM va0 / spaSTa varNana hai ki yaha somamizra ke grantha para AdhRta hai / anta ke zloka meM AyA hai'zAke yugmasaroja sambhavamukhAmbhorAzicandrAnvite' (zaka saMo 1442 = 1520 I0 ) / zUdrapaddhati - gopAla ke putra kRSNatanaya gopAla ( udAsa virudadhArI) dvArA / zUdroM ke 10 saMskAroM para eka bRhat grantha, yathA--garbhAdhAna, puMsavana, anavalobhana, vRtti, zUdrotpatti, smRtikaumudI kA u0 hai aura lakSmaNa ke AcAraratna meM va0 / 1520-1590 I0 ke bIca meM / 'zeSa' vaMza ke lie de0 iNDi0 eNTIkverI ( jilda 41, pR0 245) /

Page #624
dharmazAstrIya granyasUcI 1617 zUpAcArasaMpraha---(yA sacchUdrAcAra) navaraMga saundarya bhaTTa zaivAhnika / dvaaraa| shauclkssnn| zUbAhaHkRtyatatva--(-prayoga)-raghu0 dvaaraa| no0 nyU0 zaucasaMgrahavivRti--bhaTTAcArya dvaaraa| (jilda 2, pR0 200) / shaucaacmnvidhi| shuudraahnik| zaucAcArapaTati-hemAdri (vratakhaNDa 1159) dvArA u0| shuudraahnikaacaar----shriigrbhkRt| tAr3a-patra pANDulipi kI zaunakakArikA-(yA zaunakoktavRddhakArikA) Da0 kA0 tithi zaka 1462 (1540-41 I0) hai| pANDu0 (97, 1869-70) / 20 adhyAyoM meM eka zUdrAhnikAcArasAra--vAsudeva ke putra gaur3a ke rAjakumAra bRhat grantha / gRhya kRtyoM pr| AzvalAyanAcArya, raghudeva kI AjJA se yAdavendra zarmA dvaaraa| no0 nyU0 Rgveda kI pA~ca zAkhAoM, sarvAnukramaNI kA ullekha (pR0 373) / hai| pANDu0 kI tithi saMvat 1653 (1566-67 shuudriipddhti| I0) hai| bIkAnera (pR0 152), bar3odA (saM0 zUdrotpatti--zeSakRSNa kI zUdrAcAraziromaNi meM ulli- 8637) / khit| zaunakakArikAvalI--se0 prA0 (saM0 5898) / zUdrodyota-dekhie 'shuudrdhrmodyot'| zaunakagRhya--vizvarUpa, aparArka, hemAdri dvArA v0| zaivakalpadruma--appayyadIkSita dvaaraa| zaunakagApariziSTa-aparArka dvArA va0 (pR0525) / zaivakalpadruma---lakSmIcandra mizra dvaaraa| zaunakapaJcasUtra / shvtttvprkaash| zaunakasmRti-de0 bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 es. (pR0 shaivtttvaamRt| 208), jahA~ padya meM eka bRhat grantha kI carcA hai; shaivtaatprysNgrh| puNyAhavAcana, nAndIzrAddha, sthAlIpAka, grahazAnti, zevadharmakhaNDana / garbhAdhAnAdi saMskAroM, utsarjanopAkarma, bRhaspatizavaratnAkara-jyotithi dvaaraa| hulza (saM0 76) / zAnti, madhuparka, piNDapitRyajJa, parviNazrAddha, AgrayaNa, shaivvaissnnvprtisstthaapryog| prAyazcitta Adi pr| AcArasmRti, prayogapArijAta, shaivvaissnnvmtkhnnddn| bRhaspati, manu kA ullekha hai| zaivasarvasva--halAyudha dvaaraa| brAhmaNasarvasva meM ulli- zaunakI-navagrahoM kI pUjA para / khit| zravaNadvAdazInirNaya-gopAladezika dvaaraa| zaivasarvasvasAra--vidyApati dvaaraa| bhavezAtmaja devasiMha dhADakamala-nandapaNDita kI zrAddhakalpalatA meM v0| ke putra zivasiMha-suta mithilAnareza padmasiMha kI pAThakalA-bhavadevazarmA ke smRticandra kA pA~cavA~ rAnI vizvAsadevI ke Adeza se prnniit| 1400- bhAga / kalpata dvArA upasthApita zrAddha kI paribhASA 1450 I0 ke bIca / no0 (khaNDa 6, pR0 1-5) / do huI hai-'pitRnudizya dravyatyAgo braahmnnsviikaarshaivsidaantdiipikaa| paryantam / ' no0 (jilda 1, pR0 299) / zaivasiddhAntazekhara--(yA siddhAntazekhara) ni0 si0 meM zrAddhakalikA--(yA zrAddhapaddhati) raghunAthakRta / bhttttu0| nArAyaNa ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| kAlAdarza, shevsiddhaantsNgrh| dharmapravRtti,nirNayAmRta, nArAyaNavRttikRt, jayantasvAmI, shaivsivaantsaar| hemAdri, haradatta evaM smRtiratnAkara ke uddharaNa pAye avasisAntasArAvali-(yA siddhAntasArAvali) / jAte haiN| Da0 kA0 (saM0 421, 1891-95 I0) /

Page #625
1618 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa zrAvakalikAvivaraNa---vizvarUpAcArya kRt| zivabhaTTa zrAvakalpanA----iNDi0 A0 (pR0 558) / ke SaNNavatizrAddhanirNaya meM v0| zrAddhakalpabhASya--de0 'gobhiliiyshraaddhklp|' zrAvakalpa---(mAnava) bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 . es. zrAddhakalpalatA-govindapaNDita kRta; zrAddhakalpalatA meM (jilda 2, pR0 177) / (1) kAtyAyanIya (yA nandapaNDita dvArA v0| zrAddhakalpasUtra yA navakaNDikAzrAddhasUtra) 9 adhyAyoM zrAddhakalpalatA--nandapaNDita dvaag| de0 praka0 105 / meM: zrAddha kRtyoM para 9 zloka haiM; kaI TIkAoM ke zrAddhakalpasAra-.-nArAyaNabhadra ke putra zaMkarabhaTTa dvaaraa| sAtha gujarAtI presa meM mudrit| TI0 prayogapaddhati; TI0 lekhaka dvArA, de0 sTIna (pR0 105, 316) / no0 (jilda 2, pR0 174) / TI0 zrAddhavidhibhASya, zrAddhakalpaputra --0 bAddhakalpa' (kaatyaayniiy)| karka dvArA (gujarAtI pres)| TI0 zrAddhakAzikA, zrAddhakalpasUtra--(yA navakaNDikAsUtra, kAtyAyana kA nityAnandAtmaja atisukha ke putra viSNumizrasuta chaThA pariziSTa) de0 'naghakaNDikAsUtra / ' kRSNamizra dvArA; ni0 si0 mArA va0; karka evaM zrAddhakANDa--nRsiMha ke prayogapArijAta se| halAyudha kI TIkAoM kI ora saketa hai (gujarAtI zrAddhakANDa---bhaTTAja dvaaraa| pres)| Tola thAlamatrA maMjarI mana putra gadAdhara zrAddhakANDa-.-vaidyanAtha dIkSita dvaaraa| smRtimuktAphala dvaaraa| TonagaMga ke putra nAlAmuga (alavara, kA eka bhaag| 44) / TI0 samudrakara dvArA (tithitattva, pR0 174 zrAddhakANDasaMgraha--vaidyanAtha dvaaraa| sambhavataH uparyukta dvArA v0)| TI0 saMkarSaNa ke putra halAyudha dvArA; 'zrAddhakANDa' / govindarAja evaM zaMkhadhara kA ullekha hai ; zrAddhakAzikA zrAddhakArikA----alavara (saM0 1496 evaM uddharaNa dvArA ba0 / lagatA hai, 'nIlAsura' nIlAmbara (jisakA 354) / artha 'halAyudha' hai) kA bhrAmaka pATha hai; yajurvedizrAddha- zrAddhakArikA--kezava jIvAnanda zarmA dvaaraa| tattva (jIvAnanda, jilda 2, pR0 496) ne spaSTataH zrAddhakAryanirNaya / kAtyAyana ke nIlAmbara kRta bhASya kA ullekha kiyA zrAddhakAzikA--nityAnanda ke putra, pratisukhAtmaja hai| (2) mAnavagRhya kA eka prishisstt| (3) viSNumizra-suta kRSNa dvArA (gujarAtIpresa, pAraskaragobhilIya; TI0 mahAyazA dvArA (bar3odA, saM0 gRhya kA saMskaraNa) / karka, dharmapradIpa, halAyudha kA 12895) / (4) maitraaynniiy| (5) atharvaveda ullekha hai aura nandapaNDita rA zrAddhakalpalatA, kA 44vA prishisstt| zrAddhamayUkha meM b0| 1300-1500 I0 ke biic| zrAddhakalpa---(1) kAzInAtha kRt| (2) bhartRyajJa zrAddhakRtyapradIpa--horila dvaaraa| alavara (uddharaNa kRt| (3) vAcaspatikRta; pitRbhaktitaraMgiNI nAma 355) / bhI hai (de0 praka0 98) / (4) zrIdatta dvArA; zrAddhakaumudI--(yA zrAddhakriyAkaumudI) govindAnanda chandogazrAddha nAma bhI hai (de0 praka0 89); smRti- dvaaraa| de0 praka0 101 / biTila0 NDi0 / gRhya, purANoM, gopAla evaM bhUpa para AdhRta (no, zrAddhakrama---mahAdeva ke putra yAjJikadeva dvaaraa| jilda 3, pR0 34; jilda 2, pR0 364) / (5) zrAddhakhaNDa--nRsiha ke prayogapArijAta se| hemAdri dvArA (pITarsana kI chaThI riporTa, pR0 11); zrAddhagaNapati--- (yA zrAddhamaMgraha) koNDabhaTTa ke putra caturvargacintAmaNi kI carcA hai| rAmakRSNa dvaaraa| se0 prA0 (saM0 5921) / de0 zrAdakalpadIpa--horilatripAThI kRt| 'shraaddhsNgrh|' zrAvakalpadruma / zrAddhacandrikA--(1) bhAradvAja gotraja bAlakRSNa ke putra

Page #626
dharmazAstrIya granthasUcI mahAdevAtmaja divAkara dvaaraa| le0 ke dharmazAstra- zrAddhadIpa-vidhAnapArijAta meM v0| sudhAnidhi kA eka aMza / usake putra vaidyanAtha dvArA eka zrAddhadIpa-jayakRSNa bhaTTAcArya dvArA (-pradIpa nAma bhI anukramaNI prastuta kI gyii| de0 AcArArka, laga0 hai)| no0 (jilda 10, pR0 107) / kalpataru kI 1680 ii0| (2) nandana dvaaraa| (3) rAmacandra AlocanA bhI hai| bhaTTa dvaaraa| (4) caNDezvara ke ziSya rudradhara dvaaraa| zrAddhadIpa-divyasiMha mahApAtra dvaaraa| vardhamAna kI dI huI zrAddha-paribhASA u0 hai--sambandha- zrAddhadIpakalikA--zUlapANi kRt| ni0 si0, vidhAnapadopanItAna pitaradizA vyatyAgaH shaadm|' no pArijAta meM v| (jilda 8, pR0 270) / (5) zrIkarAcArya ke putra zrAddhadIpikA--sadAziva dIkSita ke putra kAzI dIkSita zrInAtha AcArya cUDAmaNi dvaaraa| yajurvedidhAddhatattva yAjJika dvaaraa| kAtyAya nasUtra evaM karkabhApya para (pR.0 493) meM usake guru ke grantha ke rUpa meM va0 aadhut| zrIdatta kI AlocanA kI gayI hai| laga0 1475- zrAddhadIpikA-yAvinda paNDita kRt| nandapaNDita kI 1525 ii0| zrAddhaka , mava0 / zrAddhacandrikAprakAza---yaha divAkara kI zrAddhacandrikA zrAddhadIpikA ... gAya (gujarAta meM zrIsthala ke ratnabhaTTa- lAbhaTTa ke putra mAlajit) dvaaraa| zrAvacintAmaNi--vAcaspatimizra dvaaraa| banArasa meM / le0 ne zAhajahA~ ke lie man 1643 I0 meM pArasI zaka saM0 1814 meM mu0 / de0 praka0 98 / TI0 prakAza bhI likhaa| bhAvadIpikA, mahAmahopAdhyAya vAmadeva dvArA (no0, zrAddhadIpikA-zrIkarAcArya ke putra zrInAtha AcAryacUr3Ajilda 5, 10 165) / maNi dvaaraa| sAmaveda-unnayAyiyoM ke lie| yajurvedithAddhacintAmaNi--zrIvizrAma zukla ke putra zivarAma zrAddhatattva meM raghu dvArA v0| 1475-1525 I0 / dvaaraa| prayogapaddhati yA subodhinI bhI nAma hai| zrAddhadIpikA--zrIbhIma (jinheM kAJcivillIya arthAta le0 kI kRtyacintAmaNi meM zrAddha ke bhAga kA niSkarSa rADhIya brAhmaNa kahA gayA hai) dvaaraa| sAmaveda bhI diyA huA hai| iNDi0 A0 (pR0 538) / ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie| no0 nyU0 (jilda 1, pR0 bhAratattva--raghu0 kRt| de0 praka0 102; jIvAnanda 379) / dvArA prakA0 / TI0 vivRti, rAdhAvallabha ke putra zrAddhadIpikAnirNaya / kAzIrAma vAcaspati dvArA (kalakattA meM baMgalA zrAddhadevatAnirNaya / lipi meM m0)| TI0 bhAvArthadIpikA, gaMgAdhara shraaddhdvaaspttiklaa| cakravartI dvaaraa| TI0 zrAddhatattvArtha, jayadevavidyA- zrAddhanavakaNDikAsUtra--dekhie zrAddhakalpa (kaatyaayniiy)| vAgIza ke putra viSNurAma siddhAntavAgIza dvArA zrAddhanirUpaNa--alavara (saM0 1501) / (inhoMne prAyazcittatattva para bhI TI0 likhI hai)| zrAddhanirNaya--umApati kRt| nandapaNDita kI zrAddhazrAdatilaka-vidhAnapArijAta meM v0| kalpalatA meM v0| zrAvadarpaNa-jayakRSNa tarkavAgIza kRt| kalpataru kI zrAddhanirNaya-candracUr3a kRt| AlocanA hai| ise zrAddhadIpa (yA-pradIpa) bhI kahA zrAddhanirNaya-zivabhaTTa kRt| gayA hai| * zrAddhanirNaya--sudarzana kRt| zrAvadarpaNa-madhusUdana dvaaraa| zrAddhanirNayadIpikA-parAzaragotra ke tirumalakavi dvaaraa| dhAvadIdhiti-kRSNabhaTTa kRt| kAlAdarza kA ullekha hai|

Page #627
1620 zrAnRsiMha- nRsiMha kRta (kalakattA saM0 kAleja pANDu, jilda 2, pR0 392 1 / zrAddhapatrI - vAcaspatimizra ke dvaitanirNaya meM ullikhita dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (AksaphorDa kaiTalAga, pR0 273 bI0) / zrAddhapaJjI -- rudradhara ke zrAddhaviveka meM va0 / 1400 I0 zrAddhaprakIrNakArikA / ke pUrva / zrAddhapaddhati - ( AzvalAyanIya ) / zrAddhapaddhati -- ( paMcatriMzacchlokI) / zrAddhapaddhati -- kannoja ke bAbU lakSmIkAntAtmaja lokamaNi ke putra kulamaNi-suta kSemarAma dvArA / pANDu 0 (iNDi0 A0, pR0 559 ) kI tithi saM0 1805 (1748-9 ii0)| zrAddhapaddhati - rAmapaNDita ke putra govinda paNDita dvArA / zrAddhapaddhati -- dayAzaMkara dvArA / zrAddhapaddhati dAmodara dvArA / zrAddhapaddhati -- nArAyaNa bhaTTa AraDe dvArA ( bar3odA, saM0 338) / zrAddhapaddhati--nIlakaNTha dvArA / zrAddhamayUkha meM va0 / zrAddhapaddhati -- halAyudha ( jinhoMne brAhmaNasarvasva likhA hai) ke jyeSTha bhrAtA pazupati dvaaraa| TI0 halAyudha dvArA / zrAddhapaddhati -- mAdhava ke putra raghunAtha dvArA / 'darzazrAddha paddhati' nAma bhI hai| hemAdri ke grantha para AvRta / le0 nArAyaNa bhaTTa ke bhatIje the / zrAddhapaddhati - vizvanAthabhaTTa dvArA / zrAddhapaddhati -- zANDilya gotra ke ratnAkara - putra zaMkara dvArA / zrAddhapaddhati -- hemAdri ArA / le0 kI caturvarga cintAmaNi kI ora saMketa hai| sTIna ( pR0 316-17 ) / zrAddhapallava -- rudradhara ke zrAddhaviveka evaM ToirAnanda ( zrAddhasaukhya) meM va0 1 zrAddhapArijAta - dvaitapariziSTa (dvaita nirNayapariziSTa ) meM kezava dvArA va0 / zrAddhaprakaraNa - lollaTa dvArA ( pUnA ke AnandAzrama saMgraha meM pANDu0 hai ) / medhAtithi ke uddharaNa haiN| smRtyarthasAra meM u0 hai, ataH 900-1100 I0 ke bIca / zrAddhaprakaraNa -- narottamadeva dvArA / zrAddhaprakAza - ni0 si0 meM va0 / zrAddhapradIpa / zrAddhapradIpa-kRSNa mitrAcArya dvArA / zrAddhapradIpa govardhana ke putra dhanarAma dvaaraa| bar3odA (saM0 9971); 1750 I0 ke pazcAt nahIM / zrAddhapradIpa - zrIdhara zarmA ke putra pradyumnazarmA dvArA / pANDu0 zaka 1448 (1526 I0) meM utArI gayI / sambhavataH adhikArI ke rUpa meM hI lekhaka ko zrIhaTTadezI hAkAdiddI kA svAmI kahA gayA hai| no0 nyU0 ( jilda 1, pR0 380-81) / zrAddhapradIpa -- madhusUdana ke putra madanamanohara mahAmaho - pAdhyAya dvArA / yajurvedapAThiyoM ke lie| no0 (jilda 6, pR0 299) / zrAddhapradIpa - rudradhara dvArA / se0 prA0 ( 939) / sambhavataH yaha zrAddhacandrikA yA zrAddhaviveka hI hai / zrAddhapradIpa - vardhamAna dvArA / raghu0 ke zrAddhatattva meM va0 / zrAddhapradIpa bhavanAtha sanmizra ke putra zaMkara mizra dvArA / rudrara ke zrAddhaviveka meM zrAddhakriyAkaumudI tathA raghu0 ke zrAddhatattva meM va0 / no0 (jilda 7, pR0 191) / le0 vardhamAna ke guru the / zrAddhaprabhA--- rAmakRSNa dvaaraa| TI0 bhI hai| zrAddhaprayoga -- ( 1 ) ApastambIya, (2) baudhAyanIya, ( 3 ) bhAradvAjIya, (4) maitrAyaNIya, ( 5 ) satyASADhIya, (6) AzvalAyanIya, kamalAkara kRta / zrAddhaprayoga -- (AzvalAyanIya ) vizvanAtha ke putra rAmabhaTTa dvArA / zrAddhaprayoga - gopAlasUri dvArA / prayogadarpaNa, vaidyanAthIya nibandha, sudhAnidhivilocana dvArA va0 hai / zrAddhaprayoga - dayAzaMkara dvArA /

Page #628
dharmazAstrIya pranyasUcI 1621 bhAvaprayoga-nArAyaNa bhaTTa dvArA / le0 ke prayogaratna kA mAdhyandinIya, DhoNDhU dvaaraa| de0 bI0 bI0 Ara0 eka aNsh| e. es. (pR0 236, saM0 236) / karka, kalpataru, bhAvaprayogacintAmaNi-anUpasiMha kRt| zrIkaNTha upAdhyAya, halAyudhIya, zrAddhabhASya kI ora . bhAvaprayogapati--(kAtyAyanIyA) kAzIdIkSita dvaaraa| saMketa hai| 1200-1500 I. ke biic| bhaarprshNsaa| shraaddhvidhisNkssep| bhaavjaahmnn| zrAvavibhakti-no0 (jilda 10, pR0 347) / bhAvabhAskaraprayogapati / zrAddhaviveka--prANakRSNa ke putra DhoNDUmizra dvaaraa| pITarsana bhAbamaJjarI-ni0 si0 evaM rudradhara ke zuddhiviveka meM ke dUsare prativedana (riporTa, pR0 188) meM dekhie| v0| zrAvaviveka-lakSmIdhara ke putra rudradhara dvaaraa| de0 praka0 bhAvamaJjarI-ratnagiri jile ke rAjApura tAlukA meM 96 / banArasa meM mudrita / phagazI ke nivAsI bApUbhaTTa kelakara dvaaraa| zaka saM0 zrAvaviveka--zUlapANi dvaaraa| de0 praka0 95 / madhu1732 (1810 I0) meM prnniit| AnandAzrama presa sUdana smRtiratna (mahAmahopAdhyAya) dvArA kalakattA meM meM mudrit| mudrit| TI0 TippanI, acyutacakravartI dvArA, dAyabhADamaJjarI-mukundalAla dvaaraa| bhAgaTIkA meM v0| TI0 arthakImudI, govindAnanda bhAvamantravyAlyA-halAyudha ke brAhmaNasarvasva se| alavara dvArA; de0 praka0 101 / TI. bhAvArthadIpa, jagadIza (356) / dvaaraa| TI0 zrIkRSNa dvArA, baMgalA lipi meM kalakattA bhAvamayala-nIlakaNTha kRt| de0 praka0 107 / je0 meM san 1880 I0 meM mu0| TI0 nIlakaNTha dvaaraa| TI0 Ara0 gharapure dvArA mu0| zrIkara ke putra zrInAtha AcArya cUr3AmaNi dvaaraa| bhAvamImAMsA--nandapaNDita dvaaraa| no0 nyU0 (jilda 1, pR0 381-382); aisA AyA bhAvaratna-indrapati ke ziSya lakSmIpati dvaaraa| sAma- hai ki zrInAtha ne kevala apane pitA kI kRti kA vistAra vediyoM eva zuklayajurvediyA ke lie| zrIdatta para mAtra kiyA hai| TI0 zrAddhAdivivekakaumudI, mahA- . aadhut| mahopAdhyAya rAmakRSNa nyAyAlaMkAra dvArA (no, bhAvaratnamahodadhi-yajJadatta ke putra viSNuzarmA dvaaraa| jilda 10, pR0 119) / le ke zrAddhAGgabhAskara meM va0 / dhaaddhviveksNgrh| bhArarahalya--smatiratnAvali meM rAmanAtha dvArA v0| shraaddhvRttiprkrnn| bhaarvcnsNgrh| shraaddhvyvsthaa| bhAvavamanaprAyazcitta / bhAvavyavasthAsaMkSepa-cintAmaNikRta / de0 zuddhivyavasthAbhAravarNana-harirAma dvaaraa| skssep| bhAvabasiSTha-saM0 ko0 meM v0| yaha vasiSThazrAddhakalpa zrAdvaSoDazavidhi-alavara (saM0 1508 evaM uddharaNa 357) / prAvidhi-(1) kokilokta; de0 i0 kA. pANDu0 zrAddhasaMkalana / (saM0 223, 1879-80); skandapurANa, kAtyAyana, zrAvasaMkalpa-raghunAtha ke prayogapArijAta se| Apastamba, sumantu, zAtAtapa, yAjJavalkya kA ullekha zrAvasaMkalpavidhi / hai; vRddhizrAddha, gaNAdhipapUjA, mAtRpUjA evaM anya zrAddhasaMgraha-(1) smRticandrikA meM va0; 1200 I. zrAddhoM kA vivecana hai| (2) chandoga / (3) ke puurv| (2) prayAgabhaTTAtmaja kauNDabhaTTa ke putra

Page #629
1622 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa rAmakRSNa kRta kAtyAyana ke zrAddhakalpasUtra para aadhRt| zrAddhandu---ajJAta (no0, jilda 5, pR0 96) / unhoMne kAtIyagRhyasUtra para saMskAragaNapati grantha likhA zrAddhenduzekhara----nAgojibhaTTa ('kAle' upAdhi) dvaaraa| hai| zaka saM0 1673 (trinagabhUpAkhye) arthAt de0 praka0 110 / 1751 I0 meM banArasa meM prnniit| de0 iNDi0 A0 zrAddhodyota--vardhamAna ke gaMgAkRtyaviveka meM v0| yaha (pR0 560-61, saM0 1738) / iNDi0 A0 (pR0 madanaratna kA eka bhAga hai. aisA pratIta hotA hai| 562) meM tithi zaka-gaganAMgA (kA) GgabhUmite zrAddhopayogivacana--anantabhaTTa dvaaraa| (1670-1690) evaM 1826 (vi0 saM0, 1770 zrAvaNakarmasarpabaliprayoga--eka gRhya kRtya / I0) hai, jo sambhavataH pANDu0 kI tithi hai| karka, shraavnndvaadshii| halAyudha, gadAdhara, kAzikA, dIpikA kA ullekha hai| shraavnnii-(aashvlaayniiy)| dhADasamuccaya / shraavnnii--(kaannvshaakhiiy)| bArasAgara-(1) kumbhakabhaTTa (?) dvaaraa| yaha nAma shraavnniikrm---(vaajsneyii)| kullaka yA kullUkabhaTTa to nahIM hai ? (2) kullUka zrAvaNIkarma-(hiraNyakezI) gopInAtha dIkSita dvaaraa| bhaTTa dvaaraa| de0 prk088| (3) nArAyaNa AraDa shraavnnotsrgkrm| dvaaraa| lekhaka ke gRhyAgnisAra meM v0| 1650 I0 shrii-aahnik| ke pshcaat| zrIkaranibandha-harinAtha ke smRtisAra meM va0 / dhADasAra-(1) nRsiMhaprasAda kA eka aNsh| vidhAna- zrIdharasamuccaya--raghu0 ke malamAsatattva meM va0 / pArijAta meM v0| (2) kamalAkara dvaaraa| zrIdharIya-ni0si0 evaM yogapArijAta meM v0| de0 dhADasaukhya--ToDarAnanda kA aNsh| de0 praka0 104 / praka0 81 / dhAbahemAdri--caturvargacintAmaNi kA zrAddhaprakaraNa / zrInivAsadIkSitIya-kauzikagotra ke govindArya ke putra bhAvAGgatarpaNanirNaya-rAmakRSNa dvArA (bar3odA, saM0 zrInivAsa dvaaraa| vaikhAnasasUtra para (TrAenIela kaiTa0 pANDu0, san 1919-22, pR0 5179) / bhAvAGgabhAskara--yajJadatta ke putra viSNuzarmA dvaaraa| zrIpatiratnamAlA---samayamayUkha meM va0 / karka para AdhRta / mAdhyandinIzAkhA ke lie (alavara, zrIpativyavahAranirNaya-raghu0 ke tithitattva meM v0| uddharaNa 359) / jAvAnanda (jilda 1, .0 21) / dhAvAdarza---mahezvara mizra dvaaraa| zrIpativyavahArasamuccaya--ragha ke saMskArata tva meM v0| shraadvaadividhi| sambhavataH yaha uparyuvata hI hai| bhAvAdivivekakaumudI--rAmakRSNa dvaaraa| zrIpatisamuccaya-...raghu0 ke jyAtistattva meM va0 (jilda pAyAdhikAra--viSNudatta dvaaraa| 1, pR0 582) / zrAvAdhikArinirNaya--gopAla nyAyapaMcAnana dvArA (no0, zrIsthalaprakAza----tigalAbhadra dvaaraa| pITarsana (5vIM jilda 3, pR0 60 / riporTa, saM0 154) / baasaanukrmnnikaa| shruticndrikaa| zrAsAparArka / zrutimImAMsA--nRsiMha vAjapeyI kRta / dhAvAloka--lakSamaNa ke AcAraratna meM v0| 1600 I0 shrutimuktaaphl| ke pUrva / zrautasmAtakarmaprayoga--nRsiMha dvaaraa| dhAvAzIcIyadarpaNa-devarAja dvaaraa| shrautsmaartkriyaapddhti|

Page #630
dharmazAstrIya granthasUcI 1623 zrautasmAtavidhi-bAlakRSNa dvaaraa| paDazItiH-(yA AzaucanirNaya) kauzikAditya (arthAt zlokakAtyAyana-aparArka meM v0| kauzika gotra ke Aditya) dvaaraa| prathama zloka haizlokakAlanirNaya / 'athAnekarSivAkyAni saMgatyAdAya kevlm| saMgrathya zlokagautama--jImUta0 ke kAlaviveka, aparArka, kAla- kauzikAdityo likhatyAzaucanirNayam // ' janana-mRtyu mAdhava dvArA v0| ke azIca para 86 zloka evaM sUtaka, sagotrAzIca, zlokacaturdazI-(dharmAnubandhI) kRSNazeSa dvaaraa| TI0 asagotrAzauca, saMskArAzauca evaM AzIcApavAda rAmapaNDita zeSa dvArA; sarasvatIbhavana mAlA dvArA para 5 prkrnn| auphelTa (2, 50 82) ne bhramavaza (saM0 22) mudrit| ise abhinavaSaDazIti mAnA hai| TI0 aghazodhinI, zlokatarpaNa-laugAkSi dvaaraa| lakSmInRsiMha dvaaraa| TI0 zuddhicandrikA, nandapaNDita zlokasaMgraha--96 zrAddhoM pr| dvArA (caukhambhA saM0 sI0 dvArA pr0)| zlokApastamba-AcAramayakha meM v0| SaDazIti-yallabhaTTa dvaaraa| zvabhUsnuSAdhanasaMvAda--(varnela, taMjaura, pR0 143 bI0) SaTtriMzanmata--smRti ca0 evaM parA0 mA0 dvArA va0 / isane nirNaya kiyA hai ki jaba vyakti putrahIna mara SaNNavatibhAvanirNaya-govindasUri ke putra zivabhaTTa dvArA jAtA hai to vidhavA evaM mAtA barAbara-barAbara eka zloka meM 96 zrAddhoM kA saMkSepa meM varNana hairiktha pA jAtI haiN| 'amaayugmnukraantidhRtipaatmhaalyaa| AnvaSTakyaM shvaaskrmprkaash| ca pUrveyuH SaNNavatyaH prkiirtitaaH||' kamalAkarabhaTTa, zvetAzvadAnavidhi--kamalAkara dvaaraa| nIlakaNThabhaTTa, dIpikAvivaraNa, prayogaratna, zrAddha SaTkarmacandrikA-lakSmaNabhaTTa ke putra carukari timmayajvA kalikA, kalikAvivaraNa (vizvarUpAcAryakRta) kA dvaaraa| saMnyAsI ho jAne para le0 rAmacandrAzrama ullekha hai| 1650 I0 ke pazcAt / khlaayaa| SaNNavatizrAddhapaddhati-rAmezvara ke putra mAdhavAtmaja SaTkarmacandrikA-kRSNapaNDita ke sandhyAbhASya meM v0| raghunAtha dvaaraa| nArAyaNabhaTTa ko apanA cAcA kahA ssttkrmdiipikaa--ajnyaat| tryambaka, pArthiva zivaliMga gayA hai| 1550-1625 I0 ke lgbhg| kI pUjA ke kRtyoM kA saMgraha (no0, jilda 9, pa0 ssnnnnvtishraaddhpryog| 273) / SaSTipUrtizAnti-(60 varSa pUrNa hone para kRtya) barnela SaTkarmadIpikA--mukundalAla dvaaraa| (taMjaura, pR0 138 bI, 151 bI0) / SaTkarmavicAra--smRtiratnamahodadhi kA eka bhaag| ssoddshkrmklaapnirnny| SaTkarmaviveka--harirAma dvaaraa|| SoDazakarmapaddhati-RSibhaTTa dvaaraa| SaTkarmavyAkhyAnacintAmaNi--nityAnanda dvaaraa| yajurveda SoDazakarmapaddhati-gaMgAdhara dvaaraa| ke pAThakoM ke lie vivAha evaM anya paMcakarmoM ke samaya SoDazakarmaprayoga-solaha saMskAroM, yathA--sthAlIpAka, prayukta vAkyoM ke viSaya meM nirUpaNa / guNaviSNu para puMsavana, anavalobhana, sImantonnayana, jAtakarma, SaSThIAdhRta (no0, jilda 3, pR0 27) / pUjA, paJcagavya, nAmakaraNa, niSkramaNa, karNavedha, patriMzanmata-de0 praka0 53 / / annaprAzana, caulakarma, upanayana, godAna, samAvartana, SaTpadI--viTThaladIkSita kRta (se0 prA0 kaiTalAga, 'vivAha pr| prayogasAra, prayogapArijAta, dIpikA kA saM0 6029) / u0 hai / pANDu0 kI tithi zaka saM0 1695 hai ssttpaaraaynnvidhi| (bhaNDArakara saMgraha), 1500 I. ke upraant|

Page #631
1624 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa SoDazapiNDadAnaprayoga ajJAta / saMvatsarapradIpa kA u0 hai / no0 (jilda 2, pR0 310-311) / SoDazamahAdAnapaddhati -- (yA dAnapaddhati) kArNATa vaMza ke mithileza nRsiMha ke mantrI ( khaupAlavaMzaja ) rAmadatta dvArA kulapurohita bhavazarmA kI sahAyatA se praNIta / le0 caNDezvara kA prathama cacerA bhAI thA, ataH vaha 14vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM thA / SoDazamahAdAnavidhi--- -- rAmakRSNa - putra kamalAkara dvArA / saMvatsarotsavakAlanirNaya-- puruSottama dvArA spaSTa hai 51) evaM zuddhitattva (2, pR0 327) meM halAyudhakRta mAnA gayA hai / auphreTa ( 1, pR0 681 ) ne bhramavaza ise zUlapANi kRta mAnA hai / de0 praka0 95 / no0 nyU 0 ( 1, pR0 390 ) / saMvatsaraprayogasAra -- vandyaghaTIya jAti ke nArAyaNaputra zrIkRSNa bhaTTAcArya dvArA / saMvatsarotsavakAlanirNaya -- nirbhayarAma dvArA / de0 praka0 106 / ki yaha brajarAja kI paddhati ko spaSTa karane ke lie praNIta huA hai| gadya meM, Da0 kA0 pANDu0 (saM0 177, 1884-86) / 1750 I0 ke pUrva / saMvartasmRti - de0 praka0 55 / jIvAnanda (bhAga 1, pR0 584 - 603 ) evaM AnandAzrama ( pR0 411-424) dvArA prakA0 / SoDazayAtrA / SoDazasaMskAra -- AzvalAyana gRhyasUtra ke anusAra / SoDazasaMskAra kamalAkara dvArA / SoDaza saMskAra -- candracUr3a dvArA / le0 ke saMskAranirNaya kA sakSipta rUpa | SoDazasaMskArapaddhati -- ( yA saMskArapaddhati) bIkAnera ( pR0 463); AnandarAma dIkSita dvArA / SoDazasaMskAraprayoga / SoDazasaMskArasetu -- rAmezvara dvArA / SoDazopacArapUjApaddhati -- ( viSNupUjA ke lie) / saMvatsarakalpalatA --brajarAja ( vallabhAcArya ke putra viTThaleza ke bhakta ) dvArA / bhAdrapada kI kRSNajanmASTamI se Arambha kara anya utsavoM kA vivaraNa / Da0 kA0 pANDu0 (saM0 201 e, 1882-83) / saMvatsarakRtya-- ( saMvatsarakaustubha yA saMvatsaradIdhiti) anantadeva ke smRtikaustubha kA eka bhAga de0 praka0 109 / saMvatsarakRtyaprakAza -- bhAskarazarmA ke yazavanta bhAskara kA eka ash| saMvatsarakaumudI - govindAnanda dvArA de0 praka0 101 / saMvatsaravIdhiti----ananta devakRta smRtikaustubha kA eka aMza / saMvatsaranirNayapratAna --- puruSottama dvArA / saMvatsaraprakAza / saMvatsarapradIpa - zUlapANi ke durgotsavaviveka, zrAddha kriyAkaumudI, nirNayAmRta meM va0 evaM ekAdazItattva (2, pR0 saMskartRkrama ---- vaidyanAtha dvArA / sambhavataH smRtimuktAphala kA eka aMza / saMskArakamalAkara -- ( yA saMskArapaddhati) kamalAkara dvArA / de0 praka0 106 (bI0bI0 Ara0 e0 es, pR0 236 eva iDi0 A0, pR0 514) / saMskArakalpadruma --- sukhazaMkara zukla ke putra jagannAtha zukla dvaaraa| gaNezapUjana, saMskAra evaM smArtAdhAna nAmaka tIna kANDoM meM / pAraskaragRhya ke bhASya ( vAsudeva kRta) kA u0 hai| 25 saMskAroM ke nAma Aye haiN| alavara (uddharaNa 364) / saMskArakaumudI - yahalambhaTTa ke putra giribhaTTa dvArA / saMskArakaustubha -- ( yA saMskAradIdhiti) anantadeva ke smRtikaustubha kA aMza / de0 praka0 109 ( marAThI anuvAda ke sAtha nirNaya0 evaM bar3odA meM prakA0 ) / saMskAragaMgAdhara -- (yA gharI ) gaMgAdhara dIkSita dvArA / garbhAdhAna, caula, vratabandha, vedavratacatuSTaya, kezAnta, vratavisarga, vivAha saMskAroM para Da0 kA0 pANDu0 (saM0 610, 1882-83) / saMskAragaNapati -- pAraskaragRhyasUtra para rAmakRSNa dvArA TI0 / de0 'pAraskaragRhya' / saMskAracandracUDI -- candracUDakRta / dekhie 'saMskAranirNaya'

Page #632
dharmazAstrIya pratyapUcI 1625 saMskAracintAmaNi-kAzI ke rAmakRSNa dvArA (seM. (2) mitramizraracita vIramitrodaya kA eka prA0,saM06073) / sambhavataH yaha saMskAragaNapati bhaag| saMskArapradIpa / saMskAratasva-raghu0 dvaaraa| de0 praka0 102 / TI0 saMskArapravIpikA-viSNuzarmA dIkSita dvaaraa| kRSNanAtha dvaaraa| sNskaarpryog| saMskAravISiti-de0 saMskArakaustubha / saMskArabhAskara-(1) mayUrezvara ayAcita ke putra saMskAravISiti-banArasa meM mudrit| khaNDabhaTTa dvaaraa| karka evaM gaMgAdhara para aadhRt| saMskAranirNaya-(1) dharmabhaTTa ke putra umaNNabhaTTAtmaja saMskAroM ko brAhma (garbhAdhAna Adi) evaM daiva (pAka candracaDabhadra dvaaraa| garbhAdhAna se Age ke saMskAroM kA yajJa Adi) meM bA~TA gayA hai| Da0 kA0 (saM0 611, varNana hai| jyotinibandha, mAdhavIya, haradatta evaM 1882-83) / (2) vizvanAtha ke putra RSibudha sudarzana (Apastamba para) tathA prayogaratna kA u0 hai| (yA-bhaTTa, upAdhi zauca yA zauce) dvaaraa| veMkaTezvara eka pANDu0 (iNDi0 A0, pR0 98, saM0 467) kI presa dvArA mu0| karka, vAsudeva, harihara (pAraskaratithi hai zaka saMvat 1607 (1685 ii0)| 1575- gRhya para) para AvRta; prayogadarpaNa kA u0 hai| bI. 1650 I0 ke biic| (2) rAmabhaTTa ke putra tipyAbhaTTa bI0 Ara0 e0 esa0 (2, pR0 236, saM0 739) / ('gahvara' upAdhivArI) dvaaraa| AzvalAyanoM ke saMskAramaMjarI-nArAyaNa dvaaraa| yaha brahmasaMskAramaMjarI lie| 1776 I0 meM lekhaka ne AzvalAyanazrautasUtra hI hai| para saMgrahadIpikA likhii| (3) nandapaNDita dvArA; saMskAramayUla-(1) nIlakaNTha dvaaraa| de0 praka0 107 / smRtisindhu kA eka aNsh| de0 praka0 105 / kaI pANDu0 meM yaha lekhaka ke putra dvArA praNIta mAnA saMskAranRsiMha-narahari dvArA (se0 prA0, saM0 6076) / gayA hai| gujarAtI presa evaM je0 Ara0 gharapure dvArA banArasa meM san 1894 meM mu0| mu0| (2) isakA nAma saMskArabhAskara bhI hai, saMskArapati-sakhArAma ke putra amRtapAThaka dvArA jo zaMkara ke putra dAmodarAtmaja siddhezvara dvArA (mAdhyandinIyoM ke lie)| hemAdri, dharmAdhisAra, racita hai| le. nIlakaNTha kA bhatIjA thaa| 1630prayogadarpaNa, prayogaratna, kaustubha, kRSNabhaTTI, gadAdhara 1670 I0 ke bIca meN| 25 saMskAroM pr| anta meM kA u0 hai| gotroM evaM pravaroM kI eka pUrNa sUcI dI huI hai| saMskArapati--AnandarAma yAjJika dvaaraa| saMskAramArtaNDa-mArtaNDa somayAjI dvaaraa| sthAlIpAka saMskArapati--kamalAkara dvaaraa| de0 'saMskArakamalA- evaM navagraha para do adhyAya haiN| madrAsa meM mudrit| kr'| saMskAramuktAvalI-tAnapAThaka kRt| saMskArapaddhati-rAma ke putra gaMgAdharabhaTTa dvaaraa| de0 saMskAraratna-nArAyaNa ke putra haribhaTTa-suta khaNDe rAya 'sNskaargNgaadhrii| dvaaraa| le0 ke kRtyaratna meM v0| 1400 I0 ke saMskArapati-bhavadeva dvaaraa| yaha chandogakarmAnuSThAna- pazcAt / vidarbharAja usake vaMza ke AzrayadAtA the| paddhati hI hai| de0 praka073 / TI0 rahasya, rAmanAtha saMskAraratna-maNirAma ke anUpavilAsa yA dharmAmbhodhi dvaaraa| zaka saMvat 1544 (1622-23 ii.)| se| no0 (6, pR. 237-238) / saMskAraratnamAlA--(1) gopInAthabhaTTa dvArA, AnandAsaMskArapati-ziMgya dvaaraa| zrama presa evaM caukhambhA dvArA mudrit| (2) nAgezabhaTTa saMskAraprakAza---(1) pratApanArAsiMha kA eka bhaag| . dvaaraa|

Page #633
1626 saMskAraratnAkara - (pAraskarIya) / saMkalpa zrAddhaprayoga | saMskAraratnAvali -- pratiSThAnavAsI, kaNvazAkhA vAle saMkalpasmRtidurgabhaJjana - navadvIpa ke candrazekhara zarmA siddhabhaTTa ke putra nRsiMhabhaTTa dvArA / dvaaraa| sabhI kAmya kRtyoM ke Arambha meM kiye jAne saMskAravAdArtha --- jAtakarma Adi saMskAroM ke samyak vAle saMkalpoM ke viSaya meM / tithi, mAsa, kAmyakarmaNi kAloM para / no0 (jilda 1, pR0 150 ) / saMkalpa, vrata Adi cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita / no0 saMskAravidhi - - ( yA gRhyakArikA) reNuka dvArA / (jilda 2, pR0 329-330 ) / saMskAravIci -- zeSanRsiMha dvArA saMgRhIta govindArNava saMkaSTaharacaturthI vratakAlanirNaya / kA eka aMza / saMketakaumudI -- (sambhavataH kevala jyotiSagrantha) zambhunAthAcArya dvArA / saMskArasAgara -- nArAyaNabhaTTa dvArA ( sthAlIpAka para ) / saMskArasAra - nRsiMhaprasAda kA eka aMza / de0 praka0 saMketakaumudI -- ziva dvArA / saMketakaumudI -- harinAthAcArya jyotistattva meM va0 / saMkrAntikaumudI siddhAntavAgIza bhaTTAcArya dvArA; pANDu0 (no0, jilda 8, pR0 198 ) zaka saMvat 1540 ( 1618 I0 ) / saMkrAntinirNaya- gopAla zarmanyAyapaMcAnana dvArA; 3 bhAgoM meM / saMkrAntinirNaya -- bAlakRSNa dvArA / saMkrAntinirNaya-smRtimuktAphala kA eka bhAga / saMkrAntinirNaya - - ajJAta bhImaparAkrama, dIpikA, kRtyacintAmaNi kA u0 hai / saMkrAntivivekazUlapANi kRta / de0 praka0 95; no0 (jilda 6, pR0 205 ) / saMkrAntivyavasthAnirNaya -- ajJAta / no0 (jilda 2, pR0 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa 99 / saMskArasaukhya / saMskArAmRta -- dAmodara ke putra siddhezvara dvArA / de0 'saMskAramayUkha' / apane pitA ke dvaitanirNayapariziSTa kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / saMskAroyota -- dinakarodyota kA eka aMza / saMsthApaddhati - ( yA saMsthAvaidyanAtha ) kezava ke putra, ratnezvarAtmaja vaidyanAtha dvaaraa| cAra mAnoM meM / alavara (uddharaNa 63 ) / kAtyAyanagRhya ke matAnusAra Avasathya agni meM kiye jAne vAle kRtyoM para / saMhitAdIpa -- siddhezvara ke saMskAramayUkha meM ba0 / saMhitApradIpa - ni0 sira meM va0 / jyotiSa para eka grantha | saMhitAsArAvali -- saMskAramayUkha meM vaM0 / saMhitAhomapaddhati -- bhairavabhaTTa dvArA (bar3odA, saM0 335 ) i sakalakarma cintAmaNi / sakaladAnaphalAdhikAra / sakaladevatApratiSThA / sakalapurANasamuccaya-- allAr3anAtha dvArA va0 / sakalapramANasaMgraha | sakalazAntisaMgraha | saGkaramRtatithinirNaya | saMkalpakaumudI - rAmakRSNa kRta / no0 (jilda 4, pR0 222-23) / saMkalpacandrikA - raghunandana kRta / no0 ( pR0 166 ) / + 313) / saMkrAntizAnti / saMkrAntyudyApana | saMkSiptanirNayasindhu-- caitra se phAlguna taka ke dhArmika kRtyoM kA saMkSipta vivecana spaSTa hai ki yaha ni0 si0 para AvRta hai / pANDu0 ( bIkAnera, pR0 454 ) kI tithi 1514 (1592 I0) bhrAmaka DhaMga se par3hI gayI hai (yadi kamalAkarakRta ni0 si0 kI ora saMketa hai) / saMkSiptazAstrArthapaddhati / ra- raghu0 ke ekAdazItattva meM va0 / saMkSiptasAra dvArA | raghu0 dvArA

Page #634
dharmazAstrIya granyasUcI saMkSiptahomaprakAra -- rAmabhaTTa dvArA / saMkSiptAhikapaddhati-durgAdatta ke putra caNDIdAsa dvArA / ( kazmIra ke raNavIrasiMha kI icchA se likhita ) / saMkSepatithinirNayasAra - harijit ke putra gokula jit dvArA / san 1633 I0 / saMkSepapUjApaddhati - alavara (saM0 1513) / saMkSepasiddhi vyavasthA | saMkSepAhnikacandrikA - divAkarabhaTTa dvArA divAkara kI AhnikacandrikA ke samAna / saMkhyAparimANasaMgraha - kezavakavIndra dvArA / banArasa meM likhita / le0 tIrabhukti (Adhunika tirahuta) ke rAjA kI pariSad kA mukhya paNDita thA / smRtiniyamoM ke lie tola, saMkhyA evaM mAtrAoM (yathAdAna kI lambAI, brAhmaNoM ke yajJopavIta ke sUtoM kI saMkhyA) para / no0 (jilda 5, pR0 161 - 162) / saMgraha -- (smRtisaMgraha ) - de0 praka0 54 | saMgrahacintAmaNi- se0 prA0 (saM0 6153) / saMgrahavedyanAthIya vaidyanAtha dvArA / saMgrAmasAhIya- de0 vivekadIpaka / saccaritaparitrANa - vAghUla gotra ke vIrarAghava dvArA / vaiSNavoM ke kartavyoM pr| smRtiratnAkara kA ullekha huA hai| saccaritarakSA -- zaMkhacakra dhAraNa, UrdhvapuNDra dhAraNa evaM bhagavaniveditopayoga ( 3 prakaraNoM meM ) / saccaritarakSA- rAmAnujAcArya dvaaraa| TI0 saccarita - sAradIpikA, le0 dvArA / saccaritasudhAnidhi - vIrarAghava ( naidhruva ) dvArA / le ne nAtha, rAmamizra, yAmunamuni, rAmAnuja, garAja, vedAntadezika, parAMkuza, zrInivAsa Adi viziSTAdvaitavAdI ruoM ko praNAma kiyA hai| sacchrAhnika / sajjanavallabhA - jayarAma dvArA eka TI0 / mahAdeva ke muhartadIpaka meM va0 / satkarmakalpama / satkarmacandrikA / 112 pAraskaragRhyasUtra para 1627 satkarmacintAmaNi / satkarmadarpaNa | satkriyAkalpamaMjarI - (madrAsa gavarnameNTa pANDa0, jilda 5, 0 2212; jilda 6, pR0 2308 ) / satkriyAsAradIpikA - gopAlabhaTTa dvArA ( vaiSNavoM ke lie) / le0 ne haribhaktivilAsa bhI likhA hai| 1500-1565 I0 ke laga0 / bhavadeva, aniruddha, bhIma, govindAnanda evaM nArAyaNa ke nAma Ate haiN| satyavratasmRti-- jImUta0 ke kAlaviveka aparArka, smRtica0, zrAddhatattva dvArA va0 satsampradAyapradIpikA - ( yA sampradAyapradIpa ) pramukha vaiSNava AcAryoM kA vivaraNa / satsampradAyapradIpikA -- gadAdhara dvArA / satsmRtisAra - jAnakIrAma sArvabhauma dvArA / tithi, prAyazcitta Adi para / no0 nyU0 (jilda 2, pR0 210 ) / sadAcAra / sadAcArakrama - rAmapati dvArA / sadAcArakrama --- vasiSTha dvArA likhita kahA gayA hai| sadAcAracandrikA Da0 kA0 pANDu0 (saM0 108; 1869-70) saMvat 1787 mAgha ( arthAt pharabarI 1731 I0) meM utArI gayI / kRSNabhakti para / rUpagosvAmI, sanAtanagosvAmI, rAmArcanacandrikA, haribhaktivilAsa TIkA, haribhaktisudhodaya evaM isakI TIkA kA u0 hai / sadAcAracandrodaya -- de0 AcAracandrodaya (upa0 mAghavaprakAza ) / sadAcAranirNaya - anantabhaTTa dvArA / sadAcAraprakaraNa - zaMkarAcArya dvArA (yogiyoM ke lie) / sadAcArarahasya - dAIbhaTTa ke putra anantabhaTTa dvArA; jayasiMha ke putra amarezAtmaja saMgrAmasiMha kI icchA se banArasa meM praNIta / laga0 1715 I0 (de0 sTIna, pR0 317-318) / sadAcAravivaraNa -- zaMkara dvArA / sadAcArasaMgraha - gopAla nyAyapaMcAnana dvArA /

Page #635
1628 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa savAcArasaMgraha-veMkaTanAtha dvaaraa| de0 'smRtirtnaavli'| sandhyAtrayabhASya--parazurAma dvArA (bar3odA, 6463); sadAcArasaMgraha-nIlakaNTha-putra zaMkarabhaTTa dvArA (iNDi0 dvijakalpalatA nAma bhI hai| A0, pR0 590, saM0 1800) / sambhavataH eka sandhyAdi brhmkrm| kalpita athavA kptt-grnth| no0 (jilda 1, pR0 sndhyaanirnny| 103) meM lekhaka nAma nahIM hai, kintu prathama zloka sandhyAnirNayakalpavallI-rAmapaNDita evaM lakSmI ke putra iNDi0 A0 (pR0 590) ke samAna hI hai| kRSNapaNDita dvaaraa| cAra gucchoM meN| hulza (saM0 sadAcArasaMgraha-zrInivAsa paNDita dvArA; tIna kANDoM 442, pR0 80) / meM; AcAra, vyavahAra evaM prAyazcitta pr| sandhyApaddhati-raghu0 ke Ahnikatattva meM v0| svaacaarsmRddhi| sandhyAprayoga-no0 (jilda 10, pR0 343) / sAdhArasmati-AnandatIrtha dvaaraa| 40 zlokoM meN| sandhyAratnapradIpa-AzAdhara bhaTTa dvaaraa| tIna kiraNoM meN| TI0, madhva ke ziSya nRhari dvArA; bar3odA (saM0 bar3odA (saM0 29) / 1884) / TI0 rAmAcArya dvArA (bar3odA, saM0 sandhyAvandanabhASya-(yA sandhyAbhASya) AnandatIrtha 2619) / dvaaraa| savAdhArasmati-vizvanAtha-putra nArAyaNa paNDita dvaaraa| saMdhyAvandanabhASya-rAghavadaivajJa ke putra kRSNapaNDita dvaaraa| bIkAnera (pR0 449, yahA~ grantha kA nAma 'sadAcAra- cAra adhyAyoM meN| bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 es. (pR0 smRtiTIkA' hai| sTIna (pR0 107) / 237) / sadAcArasmRti-rAghavendra yati dvaaraa| Ahnika pr| sandhyAvandanabhASya-rAmabhaTTa evaM lakSmI ke putra tathA se0 prA0 (pR0 6193) / makundAzrama evaM kRSNa ke ziSya kRSNapaNDita dvaaraa| sadAcArasmRti-zrInivAsa dvArA (se0 prA0, 6192) / hulza (pR0 58) / ise saMdhyAvandanapaddhati bhI kahA savAcArasmRtivyAlyAkSIrasindhu-bar3odA (saM0 1820) jAtA hai| AnandAzrama presa meM mudrit| prayogapArijAta kA u0 hai| saMdhyAvandanabhASya-cinnayArya evaM kAmAmbA ke putra sabarmacandrodaya-ahalyAkAmadhenu meM v0| cauNDapArya dvaaraa| AzvalAyanIyoM ke lie| bhAnu sabarmacintAmaNi-AcAramayakha meM v0| ke putra cAmuNDi kI prArthanA para prnniit| saddharmatattvAlyAhnika--mayurA ke gaMgeza-putra hariprasAda saMdhyAvandanabhASya-tirmalayajvA (yA tirumala.) dvaaraa| dvaaraa| 62 zlokoM meN| le0 ne AcAratattva bhI saMdhyAvandanabhASya-nArAyaNapaNDita dvaaraa| le0 ne 60 likhaa| grantha likhe haiN| svRttrtnmaalaa| saMdhyAvandanabhASya-mahAdeva ke ziSya rAmAzramayati dvaaraa| sanatkumArasaMhitA-tristhalIsetu evaM ni0 si0 meM v0| banArasa meM zaka 1574 (1652-53 I0) meM santAnavIpikA-santAnahInatA ke jyotiS-kAraNa praNIta / batAye gaye haiN| saMdhyAvandanabhASya-vidyAraNya dvArA (RgvedI saMdhyA evaM santAnadIpikA-kezava dvaaraa| taittirIya saMdhyA pr)| santAnadIpikA-mahAdeva dvaaraa| saMdhyAvandanabhASya-veMkaTAcArya dvArA- ( RksaMdhyA santAnadIpikA-harinAthAcArya dvaaraa| pr)| saMdarbhasUtikA--hAralatA para TIkA / saMdhyAvandanabhASya-nRsiMha ke ziSya vyAsa dvaaraa| sTIna sandhyAkArikA-lIlAdhara ke putra sarvezvara dvaaraa| (pR0 256) /

Page #636
dharmazAstrIya granyasUcI saMdhyAvandanamAvya- zaMkarAcArya (?) dvaaraa| saMnyAsapadamaMjarI --- varadarAjabhaTTa dvArA / saMdhyAvanyanabhAvya - zatrughna dvaaraa| alavara (saM0 1514) / saMnyAsapaddhati - ni0 si0 evaM zrAddhamayUkha meM varNita / saMdhyAvanyanabhAvya zrInivAsatIrtha dvArA / saMnyAsapaddhati---acyutAzrama dvArA / saMdhyAbandhana mantra --- vibhinna vedoM ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie saMnyAsapaddhati -- mAdhva mata (1119-1199 I0) ke isa nAma ke kaI grantha haiN| saMsthApaka AnandatIrthaM dvArA sTIna ( pR0 318 ) / saMyAmantravyAtmA brahmaprakAzikA - bhaTToji ke ziSya saMnyAsapaddhati - nimbArkaziSya dvArA / vanamAlI mizra dvArA / sTIna ( pR0 256 ) / laga0 saMnyAsapaddhati brahmAnandI dvaaraa| bar3odA (saMkhyA 1650 I0 / 1676) kI saMnyAsapaddhati brahmAnandIya paddhati ke anusAra hai / saMnyAsapaddhati---rudradeva dvArA ( pratApanArasiMha se uddhRt)| saMnyAsapaddhati --- zaMkarAcAryakRta mAnI gayI hai (i0 A0, saMdhyAratnapradIpa- AzAdharabhaTTa dvaaraa| bar3odA (saM0 29) / saMdhyAvandanavivaraNa -- dvijakarUpalatA se / saMdhyAvidhimantrasanU haTIkA - rAmAnandatIrthaM dvArA / saMdhyAsUtrapravacana--- halAyudha dvArA / saMnyAsakarmakArikA / saMnyAsagrahaNapaddhati --- janArdanabhaTTa ke putra AnandatIrtha saMnyAsabhedanirNaya | dvArA / saMnyAsagrahaNapaddhati-zaMkarAcArya dvArA / saMnyAsagrahaNapaddhati zaunakakRta kahA gayA hai| saMnyAsagrahaNaratnamAlA - bhImAzaMkarazamA dvArA (bar3odA, 12305) / saMnyAsaprApaddhati - ( saMnyAsaprayoga yA saptasUtrI) zaMkarAcAryakRta kahA gayA hai| saMnyAsa grahaNa ke samaya ke kRtyoM para / saMnyAsayIpikA-agnihotrI gopInAtha dvArA (bar3odA, 10057) / saMnyAsadIpikA-nRsiMhAzrama ke ziSya saccidAnandAzrama dvaaraa| alavara (uddharaNa 363 ) / saMnyAsa dharmasaMgraha -acyutAzrama dvArA / saMnyAsanirNaya --- vallabhAcArya dvArA (padya meM ) / TI0 lekhaka dvaaraa| TI0 vivaraNa, pItAmbara ke putra puruSottama dvaaraa| Da0 kA0 (saM0 175, 188486) / TI0 viTThaladIkSita ke ziSya raghunAtha dvaaraa| bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 esa0 ( bhAga 2, pR0 327) / TI0 viTThaleza dvArA / saMnyAsanirNaya - puruSottama dvArA / 1629 pR0 521, saMkhyA 1642) / saMnyAsapaddhati - zaunakakRta mAnI gayI hai no0 (bhAga 2, pR0 101 ) / saMnyAsaratnAvali - padmanAbha bhaTTAraka dvArA (mAdhva siddhAntoM ke anusAra ) / saMnyAsarIti / saMnyAsavaraNa -- vallabhAcArya dvArA / no0 ( bhAga 10, pR0 178 ) / saMnyAsavidhi - viSNutIrtha dvArA ( bar3odA, 8512 ) / saMnyAsAhnika / saMnyAsipaddhati - (vaiSNavoM ke lie ) - iNDiyA A0 ( pR0 523) / saMnyAsimaraNottaravidhi - sTIna ( pR0 107) / saMnyAsisaMdhyA / saMnyAsisamArAdhana / saMnyAsisApiNDyavidhi - vedAntarAmAnuja tAtadAsa dvArA / saMnyAsI putra dvArA apane pitA ke sapiNDIkaraNa para / sanmArgakaSTakoddhAra - kRSNatAMta dvArA (prapanna ke sapiNDIkaraNa kI AvazyakatA para ) / sanmArgakaNTakoddhArakhaNDana - madrAsa gavarnameNTa pANDulipi (bhAga 6, pR0 2314, saM0 3093) / sapiNDanirNaya |

Page #637
1630 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa spinnddiikrnn| samayakalpatara-lakSmaNabhaTTa ke putra pantonIbhaTTa dvaaraa| spinnddiikrnnsmn| dekhie bIkAnera (pR0 451!, jahA~ kevala ekaadshiispinnddiikrnnvidhi| nirNaya kA aMza hai| spinnddiikrnnpaal| samayanaya-dinakara ke putra vizvezvara dvaaraa| marAThA spinniikrmaantk| rAjA zambhAjI ke lie 1681 meM likhit| spinnddiikrnnaanvssttkaa| samayanirNayaanantabhaTTa dvaaraa| no0 (bhAga 8, pR0 sapijIvAda-raghuvara dvArA (se0 prA0, saM06221) / 205) zaka saM0 1602 (1680-81) meN| sptpaakyshbhaassy| samayanirNaya-parAzara gotra ke nArAyaNAtmaja mAdhava ke saptapAkayajJazeSa-cAra praznoM meM vibhakta pratyeka prazna putra rAmakRSNa dvArA; pratApamArtaNDa kA pAMcavA bhAga, adhyAyoM meM vibhkt| no0 (bhAga 2, pR0 122- pratApa (rudradeva) ke Adeza se likhit| 1500125) / 1525 I0 ke lgbhg| saptapAkasaMsthAviSi-mahAdeva ke putra divAkara dvaaraa| samayaprakAza-mukundalAla dvaaraa| zravaNAkarma, sarpabali, AzvayujI, AgrayaNa, aSTakA samayaprakAza--rAmacandrayajvA dvaaraa| de0 no0 (bhAga evaM pArvaNazrAddha pr| hemAdri evaM kaustubha ke nAma 8, pR0 213) / Aye haiN| * samayaprakAza----viSNuzarmA dvArA / inheM 'svarATsamrADagnisaptamaThAmnAyika-dekhie mtthaamnaayaadivicaar| citsthapatimahAyAjJika' kahA gayA hai| yaha 'kIrtisaptaSimata--(-yA smRti) ni. si. meM vrnnit| prakAza' nAmaka nibandha kA eka aMza hai| gaura kula meM saptaSisaMmatasmati--36 padoM meM ( 0 A0,10402)3; utpanna kanakasiMha ke putra kIrtisiMha ke Adeza se sAta RSi hai-nArada, vasiSTha, kauzika, paiMgala, garga, prnniit| isakA viruda hai 'kodaNDaparazurAmamAnonnata, kazyapa eva knnv| jomadasiMha deva ke samAna hai, jisake Adeza se mdnsptssismRtisNgrh| ratna kA praNayana huaa| sambhavataH isI ko zrAddhakriyAsaptavyasanakathAsamuccaya-somakIrti AcArya dvArA, kaumudI evaM ragha0 ke malamAsatattva meM samayaprakAza (no0, 8, pR0 144) / kahA gayA hai| saptasaMsthAprayoga--vizvanAtha ke putra anantadIkSita, upa0 samayapradIpa-viTThala dIkSita dvArA (se0 prA0, 6284) / yajJopavIta dvaaraa| samayapradIpa-zrIdatta dvaaraa| de0 praka0 89 / TI0 saptasaMsthAprayoga--mahAdeva ke putra bAlakRSNa dvaaraa| jIrNoddhAra, madhusUdana ThAkura dvaaraa| saptasaMsthA-prayoga-anantadeva ke rAjadharmakaustubha se uddht| samayapradIpa-hariharabhaTTAcArya dvaaraa| tithi zaka 1481 saptasaMsthAprayoga-nArAyaNabhaTTa ke prayogaratna se| (zAke mahImaMgalavedacandrasakhyAgate) arthAt 1559saptasUtrasaMnyAsapati--saMnyAsa-grahaNa karane evaM dazanAmI 60 I0) / yaha sandehAspada hai ki lekhaka raghu0 kA pitA saMnyAsiyoM (tIrtha, Azrama, vana, araNya, giri, parvata, thaa| no0 (bhAga 3, pR0 55-56) evaM bar3odA (saM0 sAgara, sarasvatI, bhAratI evaM purI) evaM brahmA se lekara 10120) / isameM dhArmika kRtyoM ke muhUrtoM kA zaMkarAcArya taka ke 10 mahA ruoM ke viSaya meN| no0 ullekha hai| (bhAga 6, pR0 295) / samayamanoramA-se0 prA0 (6286) / sbhaapti-lkssnn| samayamayUkha---(yA kAlamayUkha) nIlakaNTha dvaaraa| de. samayakamalAkara-kamalAkara dvaaraa| praka0 106 / gharapure dvArA mudrita /

Page #638
dharmazAstrIya anyasUcI samayamayUkha---kRSNabhaTTa dvaaraa| smbndhcuuddaamnni----ajnyaat| vivAha ke niSiddha sambandhoM samayarana-maNirAma dvaaraa| pr| samayAloka---padmanAbhabhaTTa dvaaraa| de0 durgaavtiiprkaash| sambandhatatva-ni0 si. meM ullikhita / samayovadyota-madanaratna kA eka bhaag| sambandhanirNaya-gopAlanyAyapaMcAnana bhaTTAcArya dvaaraa| samayasAra-sUryadAsa ke putra rAmacandra dvaaraa| TI0 sapiNDa, samAnodaka, sagotra, samAnapravara, bAndhava se lekhaka ke bhAI bharata dvaaraa| sTIna (pR0 174) / TI0 / sambandhita vihita evaM avihita vivAhoM pr| sUryadAsa evaM vizAlAkSA ke putra zivadAsa rA, isane sambandhapradIpikA-vidyAnidhi dvaaraa| bar3odA (10. lekhaka ko apanA guru mAnA hai| no0 (bhAga 2, pR0 106) / 204-206) / sambandharahasya-smRtiratnAvalI meM vrnnit| smstkaalnirnnyaadhikaar| sambandhaviveka-bhavadevabhaTTa dvaaraa| udvAhatattva evaM samAnapravarapranya-sTIna (pa saMskAratattva meM ullikhit| de0 praka0 73 ! smaavrtnkaalpraayshcitt| sambandhaviveka-zUlapANi dvaaraa| raghu0 dvArA zuddhitattva samAvartanaprayoga---zyAmasundara raa| meM va0, saMskAratattva ke pariziSTa meM bhI ullekha hai| samudAyaprakaraNa-jagannAthasUri dvaaraa| sambhavataH yaha pariziSTa bhavadeva ke grantha kA hI hai| samudrakara bhASya---zrAddhasUtra para; raghu0 ke Ahnikatattva sambandhavyavasthAvikAza--- (yA ukssaahvyvsthaa)| no0 evaM zrAddhatattva meM vnnit| (bhAga 3, pR0 334) / uparyukta udvAhavyavasthA se smudryaanmiimaaNsaa| bhitr| sampradAyapradIpa-gada dvivedI dvArA; saMvat 1610 srttptnshaanti| (1553-4 I.) meM vRndAvana meM praNIta; pA~ca prakaraNoM saralA- (gobhilagRhya para bhASya ? ) raghu0 ke udvaahmeN| puruSottama, brahmA, nArada, kRSNadvaipAyana, zuka se tattva, ekAdazItattva evaM chandogavRSotsargatattva meM Agata viSNubhakti-paramparA dI huI hai| isameM mArga vnnit| ke tirodhAna kA varNana hai aura taba vallabha, unake putra srsvtiidshshlokii| viTThala, giridhara Adi kA ullekha hai jo pustaka- sarasvatIvilAsa-ur3IsA ke gajapati kula ke pratAparudradeva praNayana ke samaya jIvita the| isameM pAMca bAtoM kA dvaaraa| de0 praka0 100 / ullekha hai jinheM 'vastupaJcaka' kahA jAtA hai, jina sarojakalikA-bhAsvatkaviratna dvaaraa| zrAddha, Azauca, para vallabha vizvAsa karate the, yathA--gurusevA, bhAga- zuddhi, gotra para nibandha / mitra ise prAcIna mAnate haiM, vatArtha, bhagavatsvarUpanirNaya, bhagavatsevA, nrpekssy| kyoMki isameM kisI grantha kA ullekha nahIM hai| no0 isameM kumArapAla, hemacandra, zaMkarAcArya, surezvarAcArya, (bhAga 6, pR0 39) / madhvAcArya, rAmAnuja evaM nimbAditya tathA vallabha -sarojasundara-(yA smRtisAra) kRSNabhaTTa dvaaraa| alavara kA, jaba ki unake mAtA-pitA kAzI ko tyAga rahe the, (uddharaNa 370) / pITarsana kA yaha kathana bhrAmaka hai ullekha hai| 10 kaoN0, saM0 176 (1884- ki sarojasundara nAma lekhaka kA hai| srpbli| sambandhagaNapati-harizaMkara sUri ke putra gaNapati rAvala sarvatIrthayAtrAvidhi-kamalAkara dvaaraa| . dvaaraa| isameM vivAha ke zubha muhUrta, vivAha-prakAroM srvdevtaaprtisstthaasaarsNgrh| __ Adi kA varNana hai| lagabhaga 1685 ii0| srvdevprtisstthaakrm|

Page #639
1552 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa sarvadevapratiSThAprayoga-mAdhavAcArya dvaaraa| no0 nyU0 sarvopayukkArikA-ajJAta; zrAddha para 14 shlok| TI0 (bhAga 3, pR0 219) / ajJAta; pANDu* bhaNDArakara saMgraha meM; bhaTToNi ke sarvadevapratiSThAviSi-rAmacandradIkSita ke eka putra dvaaraa| AdhAra pr| sarvadharmaprakAza nArAyaNabhaTTa ke putra zaMkarabhaTTa dvaaraa| sahagamanaviSi-(yA satIvidhAna) govindarAjakRta mAnA de0 dhrmprkaash| gayA hai| i0 oN0 (pR0 578, saM0 774); 66 srvdevmuurtiprtisstthaavidhi| zlokoM meN| srvdhrmprkaashikaa-vllbhkRt| rAmabhakti para 426 shgmnbaatt| zlokoM meM ; vibhinna mAsoM evaM tithiyoM meM, madanotsava sahacAraviSi-pati kI citA para bhasma hotI huI satI (caitra dvAdazI), ASADha zukla dvAdazI para kSIrAbdhi- ke viSaya ke kRtya / . zayanotsava, mudrAdhAraNavidhi, cAturmAsyavratavidhi jase sahacAraviSi--(yA sahagamanavidhi) . kA. pANDa. utsavoM evaM kRtyoM pr| 10 kA0 pANDu0 331 / / saM. 183 (1884-86), jisakI tithi saMvat (1887-91) / 1686 hai| sarvapurANasAra-zaMkarAnanda dvaaraa| sahanacaNDIviSAna-kamalAkara dvaaraa| sarvapurANArya saMgraha-veMkaTarAya dvaachu| sahasracaNDIviSi-alavara (1528, uddharaNa 365) / srvpuraannaarthsNgrh| shsrcnnddiishtcnnddiivissaan| sarvaprAyazcittaprayoga-anantadeva dvaaraa| sahasracaNDayAdiviSi-rAmakRSNa ke putra kamalAkara dvaaraa| sarvaprAyazcittaprayoga-nArAyaNabhaTTa kAgalakara ke putra apane grantha nirNayasindhu kA ullekha kiyA hai| no0 zeSabhaTTAtmaja bAlazAstrI yA bAlasUri dvaaraa| (9, pR0 203-204) / lagabhaga 1612 ii0| tulaja ke putra taMjaurarAja zarabha ke adhIna likhA gyaa| sahanabhojanaviSi-sTIna (pR0 107) / srvpraayshcittlkssnn| sahabhojanasUtravyAlyA-gambhIrarAya dIkSita ke putra sarvavratodyApana-anantadeva dvaaraa| bhAskararAya dvArA (alavara, uddharaNa 28) / maulika srvvrtodyaapnpryog| sUtra baudhAyana ke haiN| srvshaanti| sahAnumaraNaviveka-rAmacaraNa nyAyAlaMkArake putra anantasarvazAntiprayoga---hemAdri kA varNana hai| bIkAnera (pR0 rAma vidyAvAgIza dvaaraa| zuddhitattva, vivAdabhaMgArNava 459) / kA ullekha hai| laga0 1800 I0 (no0, bhAga 7 sarvazAstrArthanirNaya-kamalAkara dvaaraa| de0 bI0 bI0 pR0 223) / Ara0 e0 esa0, pR0 238 (saM0 744) ; pANDu0 sahavaya-hari dvArA; AcAra pr| no0 (bhAga 7, kI tithi zaka 1637; bIkAnera (pR0 459) / pR0 281) / sarvasaMskArasaMgraha-ni0 si0 meM vrnnit| saaNvtsrikbaad| sarvasArasaMgraha-bhaTThoji dvaaraa| 1600-1650 I. ke sAMvatsarikakoddiSTavAsaprayoga---yajurveda ke anusaar| bIca meN| no0 (bhAga 2, pR0 66) / sarvasmRtisaMgraha--sarvakratu vAjapeyayAjI dvaaraa| sAgara--bahuta-se grantha isa nAma se haiM, yathA-adbhutasarvAprayaNakAlanirNaya / sAgara, dAnasAgara, smRtisaagr| sdbhutshaanti| saagrdhrmaamRt| srvaarissttshaanti| sAgarasaMhitA-hemAdri dvArA varNita (2, pR0 852) /

Page #640
dharmazAstrIya granyasUcI 1633 usakA kAla 1520-1580 I0 hai / Da0 kA0 pANDu0 ( saM0 208, 1882-83 ) kA nAma anukalpa sApiNDya nirNaya hai aura vahA~ tRtIya kanyA pariNayana ke viSaya meM zrIdhara ke siddhAntoM kA vivecana hai / Da0 kA0 pANDu0 (109, 1895-98 ) kI tithi 1647 (1590 I0) hai / sApiNDanirNaya - nAgojibhaTTa dvArA / nandapaNDita, anantadeva, govindArNava, vAsudevabhaTTa ke nAma Aye haiM / bhaNDArakara saMgraha meM pANDu0 kI tithi zaka saMvat 1725 hai / sAdhAraNaprAyazcittasaMgraha / sAdhAraNavratapratiSThAprayoga -- yajurveda ke anusAra / no0 sApiNDanirNaya-bhaTToji dvArA / Da0 kA0 pANDu0 (saM0 622, 1883-84 ) meM Arambha kA aMza yoM hai- 'atha saptamIpaMcamInirNayaH / sApiNDanirNaya-- rAmakRSNa dvArA se0 prA0 (saMkhyA sAgnividhi- agnihotriyoM ke antyeSTi- kRtyoM ke niyamoM para / sAMkhyAyanagRhyasUtra - de0 zAMkhAyanagRhyasUtra / sAMkhyAyanagRhyasaMgraha -- vAsudeva dvArA / de0 zAMkhAyana 0 ( banArasa saMskRta mAlA meM prakAzita ) / sAdhanacatrikA --- kezavendra svAmI dvArA / vaiSNava kRtyoM para / sAdhanIdvAvazI barnela kA taMjaura kaiTalAga ( pR0 110 bI) / ( bhAga 2, pR0 632) / sApiNDImaMjarI - nAgeza dvArA / sApiNDakalpalatA -- (yA - latikA) nIlakaNThAtmaja zrIpati ke putra sadAziva deva ( upa0 Apadeva) dvArA / 24 yA 25 padyoM meM; vivAha ke lie sApiNDya para / lekhaka devAlayapura kA thA / i0 kA0 pANDu0 613 (1884-83), tithi zaka 1760 / lekhaka viTThala kA ziSya thA / grantha meM AyA hai ki sapiNDa kA tAtparya hai zarIra ke kaNoM se sambandha / de0 no0 nyU0 (bhAga 3, bhUmikA pR0 8-9 evaM pR0 222 ) jahA~ zlokoM kI saMkhyA 36 kahI gayI hai| TI0 sadAziva deva ke putra rAmakRSNa ke putra nArAyaNadeva dvArA ( sarasvatI bhavana dvArA 1927 I0 meM prakA0 ) ; vaha lekhaka kA pautra eva nAgeza kA ziSya thA; narasiMhasaptarSi, vIramitrodaya sApiNDyapradIpa, dvaitanirNaya kA ullekha hai / sApiSDadhata svaprakAza--- revAdhara ke putra dharaNIdhara dvArA / bar3odA (12783) / sApiNDapadIpikA - nAgeza dvaaraa| ise sApiNDyamaMjarI evaM sapiNDyanirNaya bhI kahA jAtA hai| sApiNDavIpikA - ( yA sApiNDya nirNaya ) zrIdhara bhaTTa dvArA / bhaNDArakara saMgraha / pravaranirNaya kA ullekha hai / sambhavataH isI kA ni0 si0 meM ullekha hai / lekhaka kamalAkara kA cacerA pitAmaha thA, ataH 6378-80) / sApiNDanirNaya - rAmabhaTTa dvaaraa| bar3odA (5032) / sApiNDayanirNaya - zrIdharabhaTTa dvArA / vya0 ma0 dvArA va0 / yaha sApiNDyadIpikA hI hai| Da0 kA0 pANDu 0 (128, 1895-98) / sApiNDapapradIpa nAgezakRta / sApiNDyakalpalatikA kI TIkA meM va0 / gharapure dvArA prakA0 / sApiNDadyamImAMsA - ni0 si0 meM va0 / sambhavataH yaha zrIdharakRta sApiNDyadIpikA hI hai| sApiSDadhavicAra - vizvezvara upa0 gAgAbhaTTa dvArA (bar3odA, 1947) / sApiNDayaviSaya- gopInAtha bhaTTa dvArA / sApiNDapasAra---revAghara ke putra dharaNIdhara dvArA ( bar3odA, 12784) / sApiNDazrAddhavidhi | sAmagavratapratiSThA - raghunandana dvArA / sAmagavRSotsargatattva - raghu0 dvArA / de0 Upara vRSotsarga tattva | sAmagAhnika-- de0 chandogAhnika / sAmagRhyapariziSTa- de0 gobhila gRhyapariziSTa / sAmagRhyavRtti - rudraskanda dvArA /

Page #641
dharmazAstra kA itihAsa sAmavedIyavazakarma-bhavadeva dvaaraa| de0 karmAnuSThAna- sArasaMgraha-rAghavabhaTTa dvArA / raghu0 ke malamAsatattva meM paddhati (praka0 73) jo bhavadevakRta hai| va0 / sAmavedIyasaMskArapaddhati--devAditya ke putra vIrezvara sArasaMgrahadIpikA-rAmaprasAdadeva zarmA dvaaraa| dvaaraa| no0 nyU0 (bhAga 3, pR0 221) / laga0 sArasaMgraha-zambhudAsa dvaaraa| 1300 ii0| sArasamuccaya-hemAdri-dAnakhaNDa evaM zUlapANi kRta saamaanykrmvRtti| durgotsavaviveka meM v0| sAmAnyapraghaTTaka-tristhalIsetu kA eka aNsh| saarsaagr| saamaanyhompyti| sArArthacatuSTaya--varadAcArya dvaaraa| sAyaNIya-ni0 si0 meM va0 / sambhavataH yaha sAyaNa kI sArAvali-aparArka (pR0 872, tripuSkarayoga para) pustaka prAyazcittasudhAnidhi hai| dvArA va0 / sambhavataH jyotiSa-prantha, jo kalyANa varmA saayNpraatraupaasn| kRta thA, jise alabarUnI ne varNita kiyA hai, ataH sAraprAhakarmavipAka-nAgara brAhmaNa padmanAbha-Atmaja ke tithi 1000 I0 ke pUrva / jyeSThaputra kAnharadeva dvArA praNIta / maMgala bhUpAla ke sArAvali-de0 smRtisaaraavli| putra durgasiMha ke mantrI karNasiMha ke Azraya meM nandapadranagara saaraasaarvivek| meM saMvat 1440 (1384 I0) meM prnniit| lekhaka sArobAra-(triMzacchlokIvivaraNa kI TIkA) zambhukA kathana hai ki usane maulaginRpa yA mauliginRpa ke bhaTTa dvaaraa| karmavipAka para apane grantha ko AdhRta kiyA hai jisase siMhasthapati-jaba bRhaspati siMha meM rahatA hai usa usane 1200 zloka uddhRta kiye haiN| isa grantha meM samaya godAvarI meM snAna karane ke puNya pr| no0 4900 zloka haiN| lekhaka ne vijJAneza evaM baudhAyana (bhAga 10, pR0 348) / hemAdri para aadhRt| se kramazaH 276 evaM 500 zloka liye haiN| grantha meM siddhAntacintAmaNi-raghu0 dvArA malamAsatattva meM va0 / 55 prakaraNa evaM 45 adhikAra haiN| de0 i0 A0 siddhAntajyotsnA-dhanirAma dvArA (se0 prA0, 6521) / (pR0573, saM0 1767), bar3odA (sa0 9459 evaM siddhAntatattvaviveka-kamalAkara dvArA / de0 tattvaviveka / 9082) evaM bhaNDArakara riporTa (1882-83 siddhAntatithinirNaya-zivanandana dvaaraa|te0 prA0 ke0 pR0 63) / dAnakhaNDa evaM AcAradIpikA ke bhI (6522) / uddharaNa haiN| bar3odA pANDu0 saMvat 1496 (1439 sivAntanirNaya-raghurAma dvaaraa| I0) meM utArI gayI thii| sidAntapIyUSa--kolabuka ke lie citrapati dvArA sAramaJjarI-zrInAthakRta chandogapariziSTaprakAza kI likhita / ttokaa| siddhAntabindu-zrAddha para (barnela, tajaura, 143 bii)| sArasaMgraha-de0 cANakyanIti ke antargata sidAntamaMjarI-de0 dttsiddhaantmNjrii| sArasaMgraha--madanapArijAta, saM0 ko0 tathA raghu ke siddhAntaziromaNi-mohana mizra dvaaraa| tithitattva, dIkSAtattva evaM malamAsatattva meM v0| sivAntazekhara-nArAyaNabhaTTa ke prayogaratna evaM raghu0 ke sArasaMgraha-ajJAta / zubhAzubha dinoM para 881 padyoM meN| maThapratiSThAtattva meM v0| sambhavataH tAntrika grantha / pANDu0 (i0 A0, pR0 535 saM0 1679) kI 1500 I0 ke puurv| tithi 1774 (1717-18 I0) hai| siddhAntazekhara-bhAskara ke putra vizvanAtha dvaaraa| sArasaMgraha-murAribhaTTa dvaaraa| siddhAntasandarbha-raghu0 dvArA malamAsatattva meM v0|

Page #642
dharmazAstrIya pranyasUcI siddhAntasuSotAra-vizvambhara ke smRtisAroddhAra meM v0| subodhinI (homapaddhati)-anantadeva dvaaraa| navagrahoM siimntkrmpti| . kI zAnti pr| siimntnirnny| subodhinI-(triMzacchlokI kI eka TIkA) kamalAkara sukRtyaprakAza jvAlAnAtha mizra dvaaraa| AcAra, Azauca, ke putra ananta dvaaraa| 1610-1660 ii0| zrAddha evaM asatparigraha (anupayukta logoM se dAna grahaNa) subodhinI--mahAdeva dvaaraa| pr| no0 (bhAga 2, pR0 136) / subodhinI--saMjIvezvara ke putra ratnapANizarmA dvaaraa| sugatisopAna-devAditya ke putra gaNezvara mantrI dvaaraa| mithilA ke rudrasiMha ke Adeza se likhit| dasa yaha caNDezvara ke cAcA the| de0 prk090| lekhaka saMskAroM, zrAddha evaM Ahnika para eka smRtinibandha / ne apane ko mahArAjAdhirAja kahA hai aura likhA hai no0 (6, pR0 47) / / ki vaha devAditya sAMdhivigrahika (apane pitA) se subodhinI-vizvezvarabhaTTa dvArA mitAkSarA para ttiikaa| sahAyatA pAtA thaa| raghu0 dvArA zuddhitattva meM evaM de0 praka0 93 / vyavahAra prakaraNa evaM anuvAda dradhara dvArA v0| 14vIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa ke * dharapure dvArA prkaa0| lagabhaga prnniit| subodhinI--(prayogapaddhati) vizrAma ke putra zivarAma --dinakara bhaTTa ke putra vizvezvara, upa0 dvArA; sAmaveda ke vidyArthiyoM ke lie| apanI gAgAbhaTTa dvaaraa| 16 saMskAroM pr| 1675 I0 ke kRtyacintAmaNi kA ullekha kiyA hai| lagabhaga lagabhaga praNIta (bIkAnera, pR0 475) / 1640 ii0| sudarzanakAlaprabhA-rAmezvara zAstrI dvaaraa| sumantudharmasUtra-de0 praka0 29 evaM TrAeniela kaiTalAga, sudarzanabhASya--ApastambagRhyasUtra para sudarzanAcArya ko madrAsa gavarnameNTa pANDu0 (1919-22, pR0 5160 ttiikaa| bhaTToji ke caturvizatimata vyAkhyAna meM tathA 62) / ni0 si. meM v0| 1550 I0 ke puurv| TokA sumantusmRti-mitAkSarA eva aparArka dvArA va0 / aNDabilA, brahmavidyAtIrtha dvArA; ni0si0 meM v0| satakadIpikA--de0 trishcchlokii| sudarzanamImAMsAviveka-bar3odA (4085) / vaiSNavoM ke sUtakanirNaya--(pRSTha ke kinAre 'aSTakAzaucabhASya' nAma taptacakrAdi pacAyudhadhAraNa ko mAnya ThaharAtA hai| bhI likhA hai)| sTIna kI pANa pANDu0 kI tithi saMvat 1834 / . . meM tithi saMvat 1466 (1409-19 I0) sudhiicndrikaa| hai| "nAma, danta, upanayana se pUrva trirAtra evaM sussiimyuukh| Aplava" ityaadi| suSovilocana--gopAlasUri ke zrAddhaprayoga meM, prayoga- sUtakanirNaya--lakSmIdhara ke putra bhaTToji dvArA (bhaNDArakara candrikA eva vaiSNavaprakriyA meM v0| saMgraha meM) mAdhava, haradatta, triMzacchlokI kA ullekha hai| suSIvilocana-vaidikasArvabhauma dvaaraa| sudhiivilocnsaar| sUtakasiddhAnta-devayAjJika dvaaraa| sundararAjIya--prayogacandrikA meM v0| sUrasaMkrAntidIpikA-jayanArAyaNa tarphapaMcAnana dvaaraa| suprabhA-siddhezvara ke putra ananta dvArA likhita govinda ke sUrisantoSa-raghu0 dvArA ekAdazItattva evaM tithitattva meM kuNDamArtaNDa para eka ttiikaa| 1692 meM prnniit|| ullikhit| subodhinI prayogapati-kAzI saMskRta mAlA meM prakA0 sUryanamaskAravidhi / (kRSNayajurvedIyA evaM saamvediiyaa)| sUryaprakAza-kRSNa ke putra harisAmantarAja dvaaraa| dharma133 suutksaar|

Page #643
1556 parmazAstra kA itihAsa zAstra para eka bRhat nibandha / bIkAnera (pR0 476) sthaavrpraannprtisstthaa| ke kaiTalAga meM kevala vratakhaNDa hI milatA hai| sthirlinggprtisstthaa| sUryAvipaJcAyatanapratiSThApaDati-bhAradvAja mahAdeva ke snAnavidhisUtrapariziSTa--(yA snAnasUtra yA trikaNDikA putra divAkara dvaaraa| sUrya, ziva, gaNeza, durgA evaM sUtra) kAtyAyana dvaaraa| TI0 snAnasUtrapaddhati, karka viSNu kI mUrti sthApanA pr| dvaaraa| TI0 snAnasUtradIpikA, mahAdeva ke putra sUryArghyadAnapaddhati-mahAdevabhaTTa dvaaraa| gopInAtha dvaaraa| TIkA kI TIkA, kRSNanAtha dvaaraa| sUryArghyadAnapaddhati-rAmezvara ke putra mAdhava dvaaraa| TI0 chAga yAjJikacakracUDAcintAmaNi dvaaraa| TI. laga0 1520-1580 ii0|| trimallatanaya (kezava ?) dvaaraa| TI. mahAdeva dvivedI sUryArNavakarmavipAka-alavara (saM0 293); bambaI meM dvArA (no0 bhAga 7, pR0 304) / TI0 snAnapaddhati mudrit| yA snAnavidhipaddhati, yAjJikadeva dvaaraa| TI0 snAnasUryodayanibandha--nArAyaNa kI dharmapravRtti meM v0| sUtrapaddhati, harijIvana mizra dvArA, lekhaka kA kathana hai setuyaatraavidhi| ki usane isa grantha meM apane bhASya kA AdhAra liyA sodkumbhshraad| hai| TI0 snAnavyAkhyA evaM paddhati, agnihotrI somanAyIya-nittala kula ke sUrabhaTTa-putra evaM veMkaTAdri- harihara dvaaraa| yajvA ke laghu bhrAtA somanAthabhaTTa dvaaraa| smArtakarmAnuSThAnakramavivaraNa-caNDUka dvArA (bar3odA, somvaarvtobaapn| 296, saMvat 1593) / somavArAmAvAsyavratakAlanirNaya / smaartkutuuhl| somazekhara-(nibandha) raghu0 ke malamAsatattva meM evaM smArtagaMgAdharI--gaMgAdhara dvArA (se0 prA0 saMkhyA sarasvatIvilAsa (maisUra saMskaraNa, pR0422) meM v0| 6710) / dAyabhAga para somazekhara kA uddharaNa hai| smAtadinamaNi-maisUra gavarnameNTa pANDu0 (pR0 75) / saubhAgyakalpadruma-acyuta dvArA (bar3odA, 1903) / smaatNdiipikaa--ajnyaat| AzvalAyana ke AdhAra pr| striissnnirnny| barnela (taMjaura kaiTalAga, 139 e)| striissnprkrnn| smArtapadArthasaMgraha--gaMgAdhara kI prayogapaddhati se| strIdharmakamalAkara-kamalAkarabhaTTa dvaaraa| vivAdatANDava smArtapadArthAnukramaNikA-dvaipAyanAcArya dvArA (bar3odA, __ meM v0| strIdharmapaddhati--tryambaka dvaaraa| smArtaparibhASA-kRSNapaNDita ke sandhyAbhASya meM v0| strIpunarudvAhakhaNDanamAlikA--rAghavendra dvaaraa| smArtapradIpikA--maisUra gavarnameNTa pANDu0 (pR0 75) / strii-shuudrdincryaa| smArtaprayoga--bopaNNa bhaTTa dvaaraa| sthaaliipaak-(aapstmbiiy)| smArtaprayoga--(hiraNyakezIya) TIkA vaijyntii| sthaaliipaak-(aashvlaayniiy)| smaartpryogkaarikaa| sthaaliipaaknirnny| smArtaprAyazcitta-bAlambhaTTa ke putra samabhaTTa-tanUja sthaaliipaakpryog-(aashvlaayniiy)| tippAbhaTTa (upa0 gahara) dvaaraa| sthAlIpAkaprayoga--kamalAkara dvaaraa| no0 nyU0 (bhAga smArtaprAyazcittaprayoga-(yA prAyazcittoddhAra) rAmezvara ___3, pR0 236) / ke putra mahAdevAtmaja divAkara (upAdhi kAla yA sthAlIpAkaprayoga-nArAyaNa dvaaraa| kAle) dvaaraa| yaha kamalAkarabhaTTa ke pitA rAmakRSNa

Page #644
dharmazAstrIya pranyasUcI kI putrI ke putra the| laga0 1660-1680 ii0| smRtikadamba-kaJca yellubhaTTa dvArA / hulza (saM0 bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 esa0 (pR0 238, saM0 745) / 657) / / smArtaprAyazcittavinirNaya-veMkaTAcArya dvaaraa| smRtikalpadruma-zukla IzvaranAtha dvaaraa| TIkA lekhaka smArtaprAyazcittosAra-yaha divAkarakRta smArtaprAya- dvArA, sTIna, pR0 108 / zcittaprayoga evaM prAyazcittoddhAra hI hai| smRtikozadIpikA-timmaNabhaTTa dvArA (bar3odA, 2008, smArtamArtaNa-prayoga-mArtaNDa somayAjI dvaaraa| kevala Ahnika para) smArtavyavasthArNava--mathureza ke putra raghunAtha sArvabhauma smRtikaumudI-devanAtha Thakkura dvArA / cAturvarNya, AcAra, dvaaraa| zaka saMvat 1583 (1661-62 I0) meM Ahnika, saMskAra, zrAddha, Azauca, dAyabhAga, vrata, rAjA ratnezvararAya ke Adeza se prnniit| tithi, dAna evaM utsarga para eka nibandha (no0, 5, 10 saMkrAnti, Azauca, dravyazuddhi, adhikArI, prAyazcitta, 237) / udvAha evaM dAya nAmaka prakaraNoM meM vibhakta (i0 kA0, smRtikaumudI-madanapAla dvaaraa| praka0 93 (pR0 pANDu0 saM0 305, 1886-92, tithi para; no0 2, 383-384) ise zUdradharmotpaladyotinI bhI kahate pR076, udvAha para evaM no0 2, pR0 284, dAya haiN| pr)| smRtikaumudI-rAmakRSNa bhaTTAcArya dvaaraa| no0 (6, smArtasamuccaya-devazarmA ke putra nandapaNDita dvaaraa| pR0 140) / de0 praka0 105 / inhoMne dattakamImAMsA ko apanA smRtikaumudITIkA-kRSNanAtha dvaaraa| . grantha mAnA hai| smRtikaustubha-anantadeva kRt| de0 praka0 109 / smAsphuiTapati-nArAyaNadIkSita dvArA (se0 prA0, 12 dIdhitiyoM meM vibhkt| saM0 6717) / smRtikaustubha-veMkaTAdri dvaaraa| de0 AzaucanirNaya / smArtadhAnapati-govinda dvaaraa| smRtigrantharAja-sArvabhauma dvaaraa| smArtASAnaprayoga-kAzyapAcArya ke putra pItAmbara dvArA smRticandra-siddhezvara ke saMskAramayUkha meM va0 / (bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 esa0, pR0 239, sN0747)| smRticandra--harihara ke putra bhavadeva nyAyAlaMkAra dvaaraa| madanarala kA ullekha hai| de0 dhrmaarnnv| 1500 1720-22 I0 meM praNIta / 16 kalAoM meM vibhAjita, evaM 1675 I. ke bIca meN| yathA-tithi, vrata, saMskAra, Ahnika, zrAddha, AcAra, smAnuSThAmapAti-vizvanAtha ke putra anantabhaTTa dvaaraa| pratiSThA, vRSotsarga, parIkSA, prAyazcitta, vyavahAra, ise anantabhaTTI bhI kahA gayA hai| de0 prayogaratna ke gRhayajJa, bezmabhU, malimluca, dAna evaM shuddhi| zrIdatta antargata / AzvalAyana ke Adhara para (i0 A0 evaM saMvatsarapradIpa kA ullekha hai| raghunandana kA pR0 516) / anukaraNa hai| smAtopAsanapadati-prayogaratna se| smRticantrikA-Apadeva mImAMsaka dvaaraa| kAla malasmArtollAsa-puSkarapura ke zrInivAsa-putra zivaprasAda mAsa, vrata, Ahnika, vivAha evaM anya saMskAra, strIdharma, dvArA (bar3odA, 11958) / pANDu0 kI tithi zaka Azramadharma, antyeSTi, Azauca, zrAddha para (no0 6, 16101 madanarala, ToDarAnanda kA ullekha hai| 301) / 1580-1680 I0 ke bIca meN| AdhAnakAla, smRticandrikA-kubera dvaaraa| dattakacandrikA meM v0|| mahartavicAra, agnihotrI ke kartavyoM evaM rajasvalA smaticandrikA-kezavAditya bhadra dvArA (bIkAnera, 465, parma jaise kaThina viSayoM pr| yaha bhrAmaka aMkana hai, kyoMki Arambhika evaM anta ke

Page #645
1938 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa zlokoM se patA calatA hai ki yaha grantha devaNNabhaTTa kA smRtitasvasAra-bihAra evaM ur3IsA kaiTalAga (bhAga 1, saMkhyA 440) / smRticandrikA-kezavAdityabhaTTa ke putra devaNNabhaTTa dvaaraa| smRtitatthAmRta-bhaveza evaM gaurI ke putra varSamAna dvaaraa| de0 praka0 85 (gharapure evaM maisUra gavarnameNTa dvArA no0 (6, pR0 12) meM zAntikapauSTikAMjali hai| prkaa0)| no0 (6,1057) meM tattvAmRtasAroddhAra (vyavahArAsmRticandrikA-vAmadeva bhaTTAcArya dvArA (no0 9, pR0 jali) hai, antima padyoM meM vardhamAna kA kathana hai ki 137) / unhoMne AcAra, zrAddha, zuddhi evaM vyavahAra para cAra smRticandrikA-vaidikasArvabhauma dvaaraa| kusuma likhe haiN| ataH smRtitattvaviveka evaM smRtismRticandrikA--viTThalamizra ke putra zukadevamizra dvaaraa| tattvAmRta donoM eka hI haiN| yaha bhairavendra ke putra rAma tithinirNaya, zuddhi, Azauca, vyavahAra para (i. A0, ke Adeza se likhA gayA hai| pR0 471) / smRtidarpaNa-zrAddhakalpalatA, nRsiMhaprasAda, zUdrakamalAkara, smRtiptrikaa-ajnyaat| no0 (8, pR0 153) / vidhAnapArijAta meM v0| 1500 I0 ke pUrva / smRticandrodaya-gaNezabhaTTa -dvArA (se0 prA0 saMkhyA smRtidarpaNa-bar3odA (saM0 10916) kI pANDu. 6723-24) / apUrNa hai| isameM 36 smRtikAroM, kalivoM kA varNana smRticaraNa-bhavAnIzaMkara dvaaraa| smRticintAmaNi--gopInAtha mizra ke putra gaMgAditya yA smRtidIpikA-vAmadeva upAdhyAya dvaaraa| zrAddha evaM gaMgAdhara dvaaraa| kalpatarU, kAmadhenu, hemAdri, madanaratna anya kRtyoM ke kAloM para (bhAga 5, pR0 157 evaM kA ullekha hai aura nRsiMhaprasAda (i0 A0, pR0 7, pR0 125) / 444 vyavahAra) meM vaNita hai| lagabhaga 1450- smRtidurgabhaMjana-candrazekhara dvaaraa| de0 durgabhaJjana / 1500 / smRtinavanIta--rAmacandra evaM zrInivAsa ke ziSya tathA smRticintAmaNisaMgraha-TrAeniela kaiTa0,madrAsa gavarnameNTa nArasiMha ke putra vRSabhAdrinAtha dvaaraa| pANDu0, 1919-22, pR0 4978, Ahnika pr| smRtinibandha-nRsiMhabhaTTa dvaaraa| dharmalakSaNa, varNAzramasmRticUgamaNi-(yA-maNisaMgraha) vAtsyagotra ke varadA- dharma, vivAhAdisaMskAra, sApiNDya, Ahnika, Azauca, cArya dvaaraa| zrAddha, dAyabhAga, prAyazcitta para eka bRhat nibandha smRtitattva-raghunandana kRt| yaha unakA vaha nibandha hai (no0 8, pR0 174) / jisameM 28 tattva haiN| de0 praka0 102 / smRtiparibhASA-vardhamAna mahAmahopAdhyAya dvaaraa| smRtitattvaprakAza-zrIdeva dvaaraa| smRtimahArNava, hariharamizra ke nAma Aye haiN| raghu0 ke smRtitattvanirNaya-(yA vyavasthArNava) zrInAtha AcArya- ekAdazItattva meM v0| laga0 1450-1500 I0 ke cUr3AmaNi ke putra rAmabhadra dvaaraa| zUlapANi kA varNana bIca meN| hai| 1500-1550 I0 (no0 nyU0, 1, pR0 413) / smRtiprakAza-haribhaTTa ke putra AyANibhaTTa (yA smRtitattvaviveka-bhaveza evaM gaurI ke putra evaM mithilA ApAji-) ke putra bhAskarabhaTTa yA hribhaaskrdvaaraa| ke bhairavendra kI rAjasabhA ke nyAyamUrti vardhamAna mahA- bIkAnera (pR0 467) meM zrAddha kA aMza / mahopAdhyAya dvaaraa| laga0 1450-1500 ii0| smRtiprakAza-vAsudeva ratha dvaaraa| kAlanirUpaNa, saMvatsara, AcAra, zrAddha, zuddhi evaM vyavahAra para (no0, bhAga 5, saMkrAnti pr| mAdhavAcArya evaM vidyAkara vAjapeyI pR0 184) / kA ullekha hai| 1500 I. ke pshcaat|

Page #646
dharmazAstrIya pratyasUcI smRtipradIpa- hemAdri (kAla0, pR0 355) dvArA va0 / smRtipradIpa -- candrazekhara mahAmahopAdhyAya dvArA | tithi, Azauca, zrAddha para / smRtipradIpikA - de0 candrazekhara vAcaspati kI dharmadIpikA / smRtipradIpakA - caturviMzatimata para apanI TIkA meM bhaTToja dvArA va0 / smRtiprAmAnyavAda / smRtibhAskara -- smRticandrikA, nRsiMha ke prayogapArijAta, dharmapravRtti, nRsiMhaprasAda dvArA va0 / madrAsa gavarnameNTa (bhAga 5, pR02043, saM0 2786-87) meM eka smRtibhAskara ke yatidharma evaM zUdradharma ke aMza haiN| smRtibhAskara - pIlakaNTha dvArA (no0, bhAga 5, pR0 (108) / Arambhika zlokoM se patA calatA hai ki yaha nIlakaNTha kA zAntimayUkha hai / smRtibhUSaNa - kezava ke putra koneribhaTTa dvArA / mAdhva anuyAyiyoM ke lie eka nibandha / smRtimaMjarI - kAlIcaraNa nyAyAlaMkAra dvArA / smRtimaMjarI --- govindarAja dvArA / de0 praka0 76 / smRtimaMjarI - - ratnadhara mizra dvArA / smRtimaMjarI - - ajJAta ( 30 kA0 pANDu0 saM0 184, 1884-86, zrAddha para) / smRtipaMjUSA -- kAlAdarza, smRtisAra (harinAthakRta) evaM zrAdatta ke chandogAlika meM va0 / 1300 I0 se pUrva / smRtimahArAja - kRSNarAja dvArA (bar3odA, saM0 8023) / madanaratna kA ullekha hai| godAna se Arambha hokara mUrtipratiSThApana se anta hotA hai| ise zUdrapaddhati bhI kahA gayA hai| smRtimahArNava- ( yA smRtimahArNavaprakAza) hemAdri dvArA va0 / de0 mahArNava / smRtimahodadhi - cidAnanda brahmendrasarasvatI ke ziSya para mAnandaghana dvArA / smRtimImAMsA - jaimini dvArA aparArka ( pR0 206 ) dvArA va0 / jImUtavAhana ke kAla viveka, vedAcArya ke 1639 smRtiratnAkara, hemAdri ke vratakhaNDa evaM parizeSakhaNDa meM tathA nRsiMhaprasAda dvArA 10 / smRtimuktAphala- vaidyanAthadIkSita dvArA / dakSiNa bhArata kA eka ati prasiddha nibandha / varNAzramadharma, Ahnika, Azauca, zrAddha, dravya zuddhi, prAyazcitta, vyavahAra, kAla para / lagabhaga 1600 I0 / smRtimuktAphalasaMgraha - cidambarezvara dvArA / smRtimuktAvalI -- vijayIndrabhaTTAtmaja kumAra nRsiMhabhaTTa ke putra kRSNAcArya dvArA / 10 prakaraNoM meM / smRtiratna --- kAlAdarza, saM0 kau0 saM0 ma0 ( siddhezvarakRta) dvArA va0 / smRtiratna --- raghunAthabhaTTa dvArA / pANDu0 (no0, bhAga 7, pR0 253 ) kI tithi zaka 1699 hai / smRtiratnakoza / smRtiratnamahodadhi --- cidAnandabrahmendrasarasvatI ke ziSya zrI paramAnandaghana dvArA / SaTkarmavicAra, AcAra, Azauca Adi para vivecana hai| mAdhavIya kA ullekha hai / madrAsa gavarnameNTa pANDu0 ( pR0 2055-57, saMkhyA 2802 - 4 ) / smRtiratnaviveka --- caNDezvara evaM rudradhara dvArA va0 / 1300 I0 ke pUrva / smRtiratnAkara --- tAtayArya dvArA ( bar3odA, 1919 ) / smRtiratnAkara -- tAmraparNAcArya dvArA / smRtiratnAkara - bhaTToji dvArA ( prAyazcitta evaM Azauca para) / de0 madrAsa gavarnameNTa pANDu0 (bhAga 5, pR0 2059, saMkhyA 2806 ) / smRtiratnAkara - vidurapura ke nivAsI kezava ke putra viTThala dvArA / barnela (taMjaura, pR0 133 e ) / sthAna evaM viSayoM ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha pUrvavartI hai| smRtiratnAkara - vidurapuravAsI kezava ke putra viSNubhaTTa dvArA / Ahnika, 16 saMskAroM, saMkrati, grahaNa, dAna, tithi - nirNaya, prAyazcitta, Azauca, nityanaimittika para (Da0 kA 0 pANDu0 saM0 52, 1866 - 68 ) / bIkAnera ( pR0 467 ) meM pitA kA nAma zivabhaTTa likhA hai /

Page #647
1640 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa smRtiratnAkara --- sarasvatIvallabhAtmaja zrIraMganAthAcArya smRtivyavasthArNava- bihAra evaM ur3IsA kaiTa0 (1, saM0 ke 'putra 'veMkaTanAtha dvArA / lekhaka kA upanAma vaidikasArvabhauma hai| Ahnika aMza lakSmIveMkaTezvara presa, kalyANa se prakA0 / vijJAnezvara, smRtica0, akhaNDAdarza, mAghatrIya, smRtisArasamuccaya evaM itihAsasamuccaya kA ullekha hai| isako sadAcArasaMgraha bhI kahA gayA hai| smRtiratnAkara -- vedAcArya dvArA / nitya naimittikAcAra, garbhAdhAnAdi saMskAra, tithi nirUpaNa, zrAddha, zAnti, tIrthayAtrA, bhakSyAbhakSya, vrata, prAyazcitta, Azauca, antyeSTi para 15 adhyAya / kAmarUpa rAjA ke Azraya meM praNIta / isane bhavadeva (prAyazcitta para ), jImUtavAhana, smRtimImAMsA, smRtisamuccaya, AcArasAgara, dAnasAgara, mahArNava kA ullekha kiyA hai| raghu0 ke yajurvedizrAddhatattva meM sambhavata: isI kA ullekha hai| 1250-1500 I0 ke bIca meN| i0 A0 ( pR0 473-74), no0 (bhAga 7, 45) / smRtiratnAvali - nRsiMhaprasAda, antyeSTipaddhati (nArAyaNabhaTTa kRta), ni0 si0 zuddhicandrikA (nanda paMDita kRta) meM varNita hai / smRtiratnAvali - mahezvara ke putra madhusUdana dIkSita dvaaraa| bIkAnera ( pR0 467, kevala zrAddha kA aMza) / smRtiratnAvali - - rAmanAtha vidyAvAcaspati dvArA / san 1657 I0 meM praNIta / de0 dAyabhAgaviveka / sTIna ( pR0 109 ) / smRtiratnAvali - vecUrAma dvaaraa| no0 (7, pR0 228) / smRtirahasya | smRtivivaraNa -- AnandatIrtha dvaaraa| yaha sadAcArasmRti hI hai| smRtiviveka -- meghAtithi dvArA / de0 praka0 63 // smRtivivekazUlapANi dvArA / de0 praka0 95 / smRtivyavasthA-gaur3a deza ke cintAmaNi nyAyavAgIza bhaTTAcArya dvArA / zuddhyAdivyavasthA para / pANDu0 kI tithi zaka 1610 ( 1688-89 ) / 433) / smRtizekhara - ( yA kastUrismRti) nAgaya ke putra kastUri dvArA / barnela ( taMjaura kaiTa0 136 e ) / AcAra para / smRtisaMskArakaustubha --- --- sambhavataH anantadeva kA hI saMskArastubha hai| smRtisaMkSepa narottama dvaaraa| Azauca, sahamaraNa, SoDazadAna para / no0 nyU0 (bhAga 2, pR0 225 evaM bhAga 1, pR0 414) / smRtisaMkSepasAra madhusUdana tarkavAgIza ke putra ramAkAnta cakravartI dvArA / udvAha, udvAhakAla, gotra, pravara, sapiNDa, samAnodaka Adi para / no0 nyU0 ( bhAga 2, pR0 225) / smRtisaMgraha - ( yA saMgraha ) / de0 praka0 54 / smRtisaMgraha - (1) chalAri nArAyaNa dvArA; lekhaka ke putra dvArA smRtyarthaM sArasAgara meM va0 / (2) dayArAma dvaaraa| (3) nIlakaNTha dvArA (40 kA0 pANDu0 saM0 373, 1875-76) / (4) navadvIpa ke rAmabhadra nyAyAlaMkArabhaTTAcArya dvArA / anadhyAya, tithi, prAyazcita, zuddhi, udvAha, sApiNDya pr| ise vyavasthAvivecana yA vyavasthAsaMkSepa bhI kahate haiM / (5) sAyaNa evaM mAdhava likhita kahA gayA hai| smRtisaMgraha - - vAcaspati dvArA / smRtisaMgraha - vidyAraNya dvArA (hulza, saM0 591) / smRtisaMgraha -- ( yA vidyAraNyasaMgraha) 7000 padyoM meM eka vizAla grantha ( bar3odA, 11248 ) / smRtisaMgraha -- veGkaTeza dvaaraa| kyA yaha veGkaTanAtha kRta smRtiratnAkara hI hai ? smRtisaMgraha - haradatta dvArA / smRtisaMgraha -- yaha paramezvarIdAsAndhi hI hai / smRtisaMgraha-vyavahAra para ( kalakattA saMskRta kAleja pANDu0 kai0 bhAga 2, pR0 137, saM0 141 ) smRtisaMgraharatnavyAkhyAna --- nArAyaNabhaTTa ke putra rAmacandra dvArA caturviMzatimata para eka TIkA (i0 A0 keTa0

Page #648
dharmazAstrIya granyasUcI 1641 pR0 475) / yaha catuvizatimata para bhaTToji kI TIkA smRtisAra-maheza dvaaraa| janma-maraNa ke Azauca pr| bhI ho sakatI hai| no0 (3, pR0 48) / smRtisaMgrahasAra--mahezapaMcAnana dvaaraa| raghu0 ke smRti- smRtisAra-mukundalAla dvaaraa| tattva para aadhRt| no0 (6, pR0 235 / / smRtisAra yAjJikadeva dvaaraa| dAyabhAga, zrAddha, yazosmRtisamuccaya--bambaI vizvavidyAlaya lAibrerI kI pavIta, malamAsa, AcAra, snAna, zuddhi, sApiNDya, pANDu0, lagabhaga 500 padyoM meM; Ahnika, zauca, Azauca para vibhinna smRtiyoM se ekatra 311 zloka / snAna, ekAdazI Adi pr| garuDapurANa ke uddharaNa Da0 kA0 pANDu0 (saM0 181, 1895-1902) kI tithi saMvat 1652 (1595-96 I0) hai| smRtisamuccaya--(AcAratilaka yA ladhvAcAratilaka smRtisAra-yAdavendra dvaaraa| kRSNajanmASTamI, rAma se) dantadhAvana, snAna, saMdhyA Ahnika, zrAddha, ekA- navamI, durgotsava, zrAddha, Azauca, prAyazcitta jaise dazI Adi para 321 zloka (bar3odA saM0 7331 / utsavoM evaM kRtyoM pr| dharmapravRtti dvArA v0| smRtisamuccaya--vizvezvara kRt| je0 bI0 o0 Ara0 i0 A0 kaiTa0 (pR0 477);. no0 (bhAga 4, pR0 -es. (1927, bhAga 3-4,pR06) meM AyA hai ki yahI 213) kI pANDu0 kI tithi zaka 1619 hai| grantha jImUta0 ke kAlaviveka, hemAdri (kAlanirNaya) smRtisAra-zrIkRSNa dvaaraa| 3 / 2 / 686, raghu0 ke divyatatva evaM zUlapANi ke smRtisAra-harinAtha dvaaraa| de0 praka0 91 / ise tithiviveka meM varNita hai| smRtisArasamuccaya bhI kahate haiN| smRtisarojakalikA-viSNuzarma dvArA 8 khaNDoM meM; smRtisAra-(yA AzaucanirNaya) veMkaTeza ke eka grantha kI snAna, pUjA, tithi, zrAddha, sUtaka, dAna, yajJa, prAyazcitta TIkA / pr| isameM 28 smRtikAroM ke nAma Aye haiN| de0 smRtisAraTIkA--kRSNanAtha dvaaraa| TrAeniela kaiTa0, madrAsa gavarnameNTa pANDu0 1919- smRtisArapradIpa- raghunandana dvaaraa| 22 (pR0 4360, saM0 2997) / smRtisAravyAlyA-vidyAratna smArtabhaTTAcArya dvaaraa| smRtisarojasundara--(yA smRtisAra) de0 srojsundr| smRtisArasaMgraha--kRSNabhaTTa dvaaraa| smRtisarvasva-hugalI jile ke kRSNanagara nivAsI nArAyaNa smRtisArasaMgraha-cadrazekharavAcaspati dvaaraa| dvaaraa| i0 A0 kaiTa0 (pR0 448) / 1675 I0 smRtisArasaMgraha-puruSottamAnanda dvArA, jo paramahaMsa pUrNAke puurv| isane zaka 1603 (1681 I0) meM Ane nanda ke ziSya the| Ahnika, zauca, snAna, tripuNDra, vAle kSayamAsa kA ullekha kiyA hai| kramasaMnyAsa, zrAddha, virajAhoma, strIsaMnyAsavidhi, smRtisAgara-kullUkabhaTTa dvaaraa| de0 govindaarnnv| kSauraparvanirNaya, yatipArvaNazrAddha pr| zUlapANi ke durgotsavaviveka, govindAnanda kI zuddhi- smRtisArasaMgraha--maheza dvaaraa| de0 vyvsthaasaarsNgrh| komudI evaM raghu0 ke prAyazcittatattva meM isakA ullekha smRtisArasaMgraha-yAjJikadeva dvaaraa| kucha saMvardhanoM ke sAtha yaha smRtisAra hI jaisA lagatA hai| yahA~ 459 smRtisAgara-nArAyaNabhaTTa ke prAyazcittasaMgraha evaM raghu0 zloka haiN| i0 kA. pANDu0 (saM0 344, 1886 ke malamAsatattva meM v0| smRtisAra--kezavazarmA dvaaraa| vibhinna tithiyoM meM smRtisArasaMgraha-vAcaspati dvaaraa| raghu0 kA ullekha kiye jAne vAle kRtyoM para 1359 shlok| hai| i0 A0 (pR. 430) / smRtisAra-nArAyaNa dvaaraa| smRtisArasaMgraha-vidyAnandanAtha dvaaraa| 92) /

Page #649
1642 smRtisArasaMgraha - vizvanAtha dvaaraa| vijJAnezvara, kalpatara, vidyAkarapaddhati kA ullekha hai| TrAeniela kaiTa0 madrAsa gavarnameNTa pANDu0 ( 1999-22, pR0 4264; saM0 2944) / smRtisArasaMgraha - veMkaTeza dvArA / smRtisArasaMgraha - vaidyanAtha dvArA / dharmazAstra kA itihAsa Ahnika, kAla, Azauca evaM zuddhi para cAra taraMgoM meM vibhakta / de0 bhaNDArakara kI riporTa (1883-84, pR0 52) bI0 bI0 Ara0 e0 esa0 ( pR0 239, saM0 748) evaM oNphesTa kaiTa 0 ( 285 bI0 ) / isakA kathana hai ki madhvAcArya kA janma 1120 ( zaka saMvat ) meM huA thA / kamalAkara evaM smRtikaustubha kA ullekha hai / san 1675 I0 ke uparAnta / smRtyarthasAra - nIlakaNThAcArya dvArA / se0 prA0 kaiTa0 (saM0 6733) / smRtyarthasAra mukundalAla dvArA / * smRtisArasamuccaya- gharelU vratoM para / zauca, brahmacArI, AcAra, dAna, dravyazuddhi, prAyazcitta para 28 RSiyoM ke uddharaNa haiM / de0 i0 A0 ( pR0 477, saM0 1556) evaM alavara (uddharaNa, 372 ) jahA~ yaha AyA hai ki ise dharmazAstraruci ne likhA hai| smRtisArasamuccaya- harinAtha dvArA / yaha uparyukta smRtyarthasArasamuccaya-- bar3odA ( 4088), zauca, Acamana, smRtyarthasAra - zrIdhara dvArA / de0 praka0 81 / dantadhAvana Adi para 28 RSiyoM ke dRSTikoNoM ke sAra diye hue haiN| pANDulipi kI tithi hai saMvat 1743 / 28 RSi ye haiM ---- manu, yAjJavalkya, vizvAmitra, atri, kAtyAyana, vasiSTha, vyAsa, uzanA, baudhAyana, dakSa, zaMkha, likhita, Apastamba, agastya, hArIta, viSNu, gobhila, sumantu, manu svAyaMbhuva, guru, nArada, parAzara, garga, gautama, yabha, zAtAtapa, aMgirA, saMvarta / smRtyAloka -- bihAra evaM ur3IsA kaiTa0 (bhAga 1, saM0 449 / smRtisAra hI hai / smRtisArasarvasva -- veMkaTeza dvArA / veMkaTezakRta Azauca nirNaya hI hai| smRtisArasAgara -- raghu ke tithitattva meM va0 / smRtisArAvali ni0 si0 meM va0 / smRtisAroddhAra -- de0 cakranArAyaNIya nibandha / banArasa meM prakA0 / smRtisiddhAntasaMgraha - indradatta upAdhyAya dvArA / smRtisiddhAntasudhA -- rAmacandra budha dvArA / a paMcaSaSTi para eka TIkA / smRtisindhu - zrInivAsa dvArA, jo kRSNa ke ziSya the / barnela (taMjaura kaiTa0, pR0 135 e ) / vaiSNavoM ke lie / smRtisudhAkara - (yA varSa kRtyanibandha) sudhAkara ke putra ojhAzaMkara dvaaraa| no0 (bhAga 4, pR0 271) / smRtisudhAkara -- zaMkaramizra dvArA / 1600 I0 ke laga0 / je0 bI0 o0 Ara0 esa0 (1927, bhAga 3-4, pR0 101 / smRtyadhikaraNa / smRtyarthanirNaya - ( vyavahAra para ) / smRtyartharatnAkara - ise smRtyarthasAra bhI kahA jAtA hai / smRtyarthasAgara -- nArAyaNa ke putra challAri nRsiMhAcArya dvArA / madhvAcArya kI sadAcArasmRti para AdhArita / svatvarahasya ---- ( yA svatvavicAra ) anantarAma dvArA / svatvavAda - TrAeniela kaiTa0, madrAsa gavarnameNTa pANDu 0 ( 1919-23, pR0 4782) / svatvavicAra - no0 nyU0 (bhAga 2, pR0 226) / svatvavyavasthArNavasetubandha-- raghunAtha sArvabhauma dvArA / vibhAganirUpaNa, strIdhana, strIdhanAdhikArI, aputradhanAdhikAra para 6 pariccheda / svargavAda-svargavAda, pratiSThAvAda, sapiNDIkaraNavAda pr| no0 nyU0 ( bhAga 2, pR0 229 ) / svargasAdhana -- raghunandanabhaTTAcArya dvArA prasiddha raghunandana se bhinna lekhaka / zrAddhAdhikArI, antyeSTipaddhati, AzaucanirNaya, vRSotsarga, SoDazazrAddha, pArvaNazrAddha Adi para / no0 nyU0 (bhAga 1, pR0 417 ) /

Page #650
dharmazAstrIya granyasUcI svastivAcanapati--jovarAma dvaaraa| sanAtana gosvAmI dvArA; vaiSNavatoSiNI meM 20 / hnumtprtisstthaa| de0 no0 (6, pR0 190-93) jahA~ unake kula kA hapazIrSapaJcarAtra--mUrti sthApana evaM mandira-nirmANa- varNana hai| sambandhI eka vaiSNava grantha / raghu0, ni0 si0 evaM hribhktisaar| halAyudha ke purANasarvasva meM vrnnit| haribhaktisughodaya-isakI TIkA kA ullekha sdaacaarhritaalikaavrtnirnny| candrikA meM hai| haritoSaNa-vedAntavAgIza bhaTTAcArya dvaaraa| harivaMzavilAsa-nandapaNDita dvaaraa| Ahnika, kAlaharivinatilaka--vedAntadezika dvaaraa| TIkA (madrAsa nirNaya, dAna, saMskAra para kautukoM meM vibhkt| de0 gavarnameNTa pANDu0 bhAga 6,pR0 2368,saM0 3153); praka0 105 / isake anusAra lekhaka vedAntadezika kA kAla harivAsaranirNaya-vyaGkaTeza dvArA (bar3odA, 1, 8793) / smRtica0, hemAdri, kAlAdarza evaM kAlanirNaya ke hrihrdiikssitiiy| pazcAt thA; TIkA kA kathana hai ki ina granthoM ke hariharapaddhati-harihara dvaaraa| pAraskaragRhyasUtra vAle siddhAnta azAstra evaM Asura haiN| ___ unake bhASya meM yahI saMlagna hai| hemAdri, zrAddhasaukhya haripUjApati-AnandatIrtha bhArgava dvaaraa| sTIna (pR0 (ToDarAnanda kRta) evaM raghu0 ke udvAhatattva tathA anya ___ tattvoM meM va0 / de0 praka0 84 // haribhakti-raghu0 dvArA Ahnikatattva evaM ekAdazItattva hariharabhASya-pAraskaragRhya para harihara dvaaraa| meM vnnit| halAyudhanibandha-zrIdatta ke AcArAdarza meM v0| haribhaktikalpalatA-viSNupurI dvaaraa| kRSNabhaktikalpa- halAyudhIya-AcAramayUkha meM v0| sambhavataH yaha halAvallI meM v0| yudha kA brAhmaNasarvasva hI hai| haribhaktikalpalatikA-kRSNasarasvatI dvaaraa| 14 harilatA-aniruddha dvaaraa| de0 praka0 82 / TIkA stavakoM meM vibhkt| sandarbhasUtikA, acyutacakravartI dvArA, jo haridAsa haribhaktidIpikA-gaNeza dvaaraa| no0 (bhAga 5, pR0 takAcArya ke putra the| TIkA vivaraNa, zrAddhakalpalatA 189-190) / meM nandapaNDita dvArA v0| haribhaktibhAskara--(savaiSNavasArasarvasva) bhImAnanda ke hArItasmRti-de0 praka0 11 evaM 56 / TIkA hemAdri putra bhuvanezvara dvArA; 12 prakAzoM meM, saMvat 1884 meM dvArA va0, de0 praka0 11 / TIkA takanalAla dvaaraa| prnniit| hArItasmRti-(bar3odA, 8185) varNoM evaM AzramoM ke hribhktirsaayn| nitya, naimittika kRtyoM, A nArIdhamA, nRpadharma, hribhktirsaaynsindhu| jIva-paramezvarasvarUpa, mokSasAdhana, UrdhvapuNDra para cAra hribhktirhsy| adhyaay| vyavahArAdhyAya bhI hai| hribhktiltaa| hirnnykaamdhenudaan| haribhaktivilAsa-prabodhAnanda ke ziSya gopAlabhaTTa hirnnykeshaalik| dvaaraa| caitanya ne inheM likhane kA Adeza diyA thaa| hiraNyakezI. (satyASADha) gRhyasUtra-do praznoM meM; de0 bhgvdbhktivilaas| 1562 I. ke lagabhaga . cAra paTaloM meM vibhakta (DA0 kisTa dvArA bienA meM likhit| raghu0 dvArA v0| sampAdita, 1889, evaM saikreDa buka Ava di IsTa, bhAga haribhaktivilAsa-(laghu) rUpagosvAmI dvaaraa| TIkA 30 meM anUdita) / TIkA prayogavaijayantI, mahAdeva 134

Page #651
dharmavAlva kA itihAsa dvaaraa| TIkA mAvRdatta dvArA (kirTa ke saMskaraNa meM homanirNaya-zaMkara ke putra nIlakaNThAtmaka bhAnubhaTTa ubrnn)| , dvaaraa| lagabhaga 1620-1680 ii0| hiraNyakezidharmasUtra-de0 praka0 8 / TIkA ujjvalA, homkaalaatikmpraayshcitt| mahAdeva dvaaraa| de0 praka0 8 // homapati-mAdhava dvaaraa| lekhaka ke makhatilaka kA eka aNsh| rUpanArAyaNa kA varNana hai| alavara (ubaraNa, hirnnyvaad| 375) / hemAdrikAlanirNayasaMkSepa--(yA-saMgraha) lakSmIdhara ke homapati-lambodara dvaaraa| putra bhaTThoji dIkSita dvaaraa| de0 bar3odA (saMkhyA hompraayshcitt| 5480) / homloptraayshcittpryog| hemAdrinibandha-yaha caturvargacintAmaNi hI hai| homavidhAna-bAlakRSNa dvArA (Rgvediiy)| bar3odA hemAdiprayoga-vidyAdhara dvaaraa| (8354) / hemAdrisaMkSepa-bhajIbhaTTa dvaaraa| sTIna (pR0 110) / homsiddhaant-ajnyaat| hemAdrisarvaprAyazcitta bAlasUri dvaaraa| horilasmRti-vizvambhara ke smRtisArobAra meM varNita /

Page #652