Shraman Bhagvana Mahavira

Author(s): Kalyanvijay Gani
Publisher: Shardaben Chimanbhai Educational Research Centre
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/008068/1

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ESSAYS501 CREAL OM zrIzvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka jaina boDiMga graMthamAlA-19 Farmessage S AMITRATsMAHARIY RSS S zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra paM. zrI kalyANavijayajI gaNi zAradAbena cimanabhAI ejyukezanala risarca senTara 'darzana' zAhIbAga, ahamadAbAda-38000 RELATESTOSTE

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra paM. zrI kalyANavijayajI gaNi prakAzaka zAradAbena cimanabhAI ejyukezanala risarca senTara zAhIbAga, ahamadAbAda-380 004

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zrI zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka jaina borDiMga graMthamAlA : 19 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra paM. zrI kalyANavijayajI gaNi prakAzaka zAradAbena cimanabhAI ejyukezanala risarca senTara 'darzana', zAhIbAga, ahamadAbAda-380 004 PHONE : 079-2868739. FAX : 079-2862026 e-mail : sambodhi ad1@.Sancharnet.in Website : www.scerc.org (c) zAradAbena ejyukezanala risarca senTara prathama AvRtti, pharavarI, san 2002 mUlya : rupaye 200/ prati 500 mudraka navaprabhAta prinTiMga presa novelTI sinemA ke samIpa, ghI-kA~TA mArga, ahamadAbAda-380 001.

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A. bha. zrI bhadrasUri ma. sA. prastuta graMthanuM prakAzana yugamaharSi AcArya bhagavaMta zrImad vijaya bhadrasUrIzvarajI ma. sA.nA dIkSA-zatAbdI mahotsava prasaMge pU. A. bha. zrI bhadrasUri ma. sA. dIkSA dina A. bha. zrI kArasUri ma. sA. sUratanA AMgaNe UjavAtA mahotsava prasaMge pU. A. bha. zrI araviMdasUri ma. sA. pU. A. bha. zrI yazovijayasUri ma. sA. pU. A. bha. zrI municaMdrasUri ma. sA. pU. munizrI jinacaMdra vi. ma. sA. AdinI nizrAmAM thaI rahyuM che. vi. saM. 1958 vai. su. 15 pustaka prakAzana dina vaizAkha suda 15 vi. saM. 2058 tA. 26-5-2002 upakArI sUribhagavaMtanA caraNe vaMdanA. For Private Personal Use Only

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sukRta ke sahayogI siddhi-vinaya-bhadra - vilAsa - OMkAra - aravinda - yazovijayasUribhyo namaH pU. A. ma. zrI municandrasUri ma. sA. kI preraNA se grantha prakAzana hetu Arthika sahayoga zrI vimalanAtha jaina per3hI pArasavADI Ahora (ji. jAlora) ( jJAnadravya meM se ) : saujanya : zrI DIsA jaina zve. mU. pU. saMgha DIsA - 385535 (ji. banAsakAMThA ) ( jJAnadravya meM se ) mahetA kamalacaMdajI mulatAnamalajI baMdAmuthA ( Ahora ) ku. hemA bahena ( pU. sA. zrI viarhamAlAzrI jI ) ke dIkSA prasaMga para mahAvada 11 vi. saM. 2057 a. sau. gulAbabahena bhIkamacaMdajI zeSamalajI dhanezAbahorA jIvAvata, AhoravAlA For Private Personal Use Only

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* prAptisthAna. 1. OMkArasUri ArAdhanA bhavana subhASa cauka gopIpurA, surata-395 003 3. vimalanAtha jaina per3hI pArasavADI, Ahora, ji. jAlora, 5. vijayabhadra cerITI TrasTa hAive, bhIlaDIyAjI pIna- 385530 ji. banAsakAMThA dUrabhASa-02744-33129 2. sarasvatI pustaka bhaMDAra hAthIkhAnA, ratanapola ahamadAbAda-380 001 4. motIlAla banArasIdAsa 40, UA baMgalo ror3a, javAhara nagara, naI dillI 110007

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prakAzakIya zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke janma kalyANaka ke 2600veM varSa ke punita avasara para prastuta graMtha kA prakAzana karate hue hameM apAra harSa evaM Ananda kA anubhava ho rahA hai / zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana ke sambandha meM Agama sAhitya meM vipula sAmagrI upalabdha hai / vizAla Agama sAhitya meM yatra tatra bikharI huI jIvanaghaTanAoM kA saMkalana evaM samAyojana eka bahuta bar3I cunautI hai / ina cunautI ko muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne varSoM pUrva sucAru rUpa se paripUrNa kI thii| usake mahAprayAsa kA suphala hI prastuta zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra graMtha hai| isa graMtha meM munizrI ne aneka aitihAsika evaM sAhityika pramANoM ke AdhAra para zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana caritra grathita kiyA hai jo apane Apa meM anUThA hai| aneka alpajJAta aura ajJAta ghaTanAoM kA varNana karanevAlA hindI bhASA meM sarvaprathama graMtha hai / mAtra jIvana caritra hI nahIM kintu zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke maulika upadeza ko bhI yahA~ prastuta kiyA gayA hai / ataH yaha graMtha eka saMdarbha graMtha kI kakSA meM A gayA hai / prastuta graMtha kI mahattA ke kAraNa hI yaha grantha kucha sAla pUrva anupalabdha ho cukA thA / ataH prastuta graMtha kA punaHmudraNa Avazyaka thA / 2600veM janmakalyANa varSa meM prastuta graMtha kA punaHmudraNa ho rahA hai yaha eka suavasara hai / munizrI kalyANavijaya jI prakAMDa itihAsavettA evaM jaina Agama ke ArUr3ha vidvAn the / unhoMne zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa saMvat ke viSaya meM bhI bahuta sUkSma saMzodhana kara ke eka graMtha likhA hai, jo prastuta saMsthAna se punaH mudrita huA hai / jisameM aneka graMthoM ke AdhAra para nirvANasaMvat ke viSaya meM UhApoha karake apanA nirNaya spaSTa kiyA hai / vaha graMtha munizrI kI

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prajJA kA dyotaka hai / unake anekoM graMtha sUkSma adhyayana evaM gahana ciMtana ke suphala hai / unake ananyatama graMthoM kA punaH prakAzana hamArA kartavya hai| yaha mAna kara hamane isa kArya kA prAraMbha kiyA thA / prastuta yojanA kI carcA hote hI hameM pU. AcArya devazrI municandrasUrijI kI preraNA evaM mArgadarzana milA / jisase hamAre utsAha meM abhivRddhi huI / isa avasara para AcAryazrI kA AbhAra jJApita karate haiM / prastuta graMtha ke prakAzana meM hameM zrI vimalanAtha jaina per3hI (Ahora), zrI DIsA jaina zve. mU. pU. saMgha (DIsA), mahetA kamalacandajI mulatAnamalajI baMdAmuthA (Ahora) a. sau. gulAbabahena bhIkamacandajI zeSamalajI dhanezAbahorA (AhoravAlA) kA Arthika sahayoga milA hai, jisa ke lie hama unake bhI AbhArI haiM / prastuta graMtha ke prakAzana meM saMsthAna ke karmacArI evaM mitroM kA sahayoga milA hai, jisakA hama AbhAra vyakta karate haiM / hameM AzA hai ki prastuta graMtha ke prakAzana se jijJAsuoM ko aura saMzodhakoM ko lAbha hogA / ahamadAbAda, jitendra bI. zAha san 2002

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'zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra' graMtha ke bAre meM mahattvapUrNa abhiprAya prastuta grantha ke lekhaka purAtattvavettA muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI hai / Avazyakaniyukti va cUrNi Adi meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke chadmastha avasthA taka kA vihAra va varSAvAsa kA varNana pUrNa rUpa se milatA hai, para kevalajJAna ke bAda kA nahIM / muni zrI ne isa kamI ko prAcIna granthoM ke prakAza meM aura apanI maulika kalpanA se pUrNa kiyA hai / unhoMne chiyAlIsa varSAvAsa kI sUcI dI hai / bhagavAn kahA~ padhAre aura kisa prakAra pracAra Adi huA vaha bhI likhA hai / prastuta grantha mahAvIra jIvana para eka anUThA grantha hai / pariziSTa meM bhaugolika kSetroM kA bhI paricaya diyA hai / ma. mahAvIra eka anuzIlana pR. 139 devendra muni zAstrI

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paM0 zrI kalyANavijayajI gaNi paMnyAsa zrI kalyANavijayajI mahArAja kA janma sirohI rAjya ke lAsa gA~va meM (kailAsanagara) pitA kisanAjI jAgIravAla aura mAtA kadanAbAI ke parivAra meM vi0 saM0 1944, zrAvaNa kRSNA amAvAsyA ke dina mRgazIrSa nakSatra meM huA / unakA nAma rakhA gayA kastUracanda / kastUracanda se pahale eka putra alpa Ayu meM mara cukA thA / usa jamAne meM mAravAr3a meM saMtAna yadi jindA na rahate ho to jaba usakA janma hotA taba use tarAjU meM tolA jAtA / kastUracanda ko bhI tolA gayA / isalie use tolArAma nAma se bhI pukArA jAne lagA / unake pitAjI ko unake purakheM sirohI rAjaparivAra ke purohita hone se jAgIra milI thI / usa jAgIra ke aneka hisse ho jAne se choTA sA hissA unake hAtha lagA thA / vi0 saM0 1955 meM pitA-mAtA kI mRtyu ho jAne se teraha varSa ke kastUra aura ATha varSa ke hemacandra ne mAtA-pitA kA zirachatra ga~vA diyA / una dinoM chappana ke duSkAla kA bhayAvaha sikaMjA kasA huA thA / Athika sthiti tanika bhI acchI nahIM thI / Akhira cAcA ne z2amIna beca dI / kastUracanda ko mAtA-pitA ke binA kucha bhI acchA nahIM laga rahA thA / kyA karanA, kyA nahIM karanA, kucha bhI sUjha nahIM rahA thA / taba paDosa kI mahilA ko lagA : 'ise abhI sthAna badalAva kI jarurata hai / usakI bahana pAsa ke delaMdara gA~va meM rahatI thI / vahA~ kastUra ko bhijavA diyA / eka seTha ke vahA~ use nokarI bhI mila gayI / nayA vAtAvaraNa use rAsa A gayA /

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10 eka varSa ke pazcAt usane apane choTe bhAI hemacandra ko bhI bulA liyA aura khuda kI jagaha para use naukarI meM biThAkara svayaM haMsarAja seTha ke vahA~ naukarI karane lagA / seTha ke vahA~ choTe choTe pA~ca-chaha barasa ke baccoM ko par3hAI karate dekhA, unheM bArAkhar3I likhate hue, a-A, ka- kA vagairaha likhate hue dekhakara kastUra ko apanI anapar3ha sthiti para dayA Ane lagI / ghara kA kAma karane se jaba bhI phurasata milatI to kastUra bArakhar3I sikhane lagatA / mAravADI akSaroM kA kucha to paricaya usane prApta kara hI liyA / kizora kastUra ke dila meM par3hane kI, adhyayana karane kI bar3I cAhanA thI, para use par3hAye kauna ? unhIM dinoM munirAja zrI kesaravijayajI mahArAja kA Agamana delaMdara gA~va meM huA / kharataragaccha ke sAdhvIjI puNyazrIjI Adi bhI padhArIM / unake sAtha eka paMDita jI bhI the / ve sAdhvIjI ko laghusiddhAMta kaumudI, amarakoza ityAdi par3hA rahe the / mumukSu gulAbacandabhAI bhI munizrI kesaravijayajI mahArAja ke pAsa saMyamajIvana kI tAlIma le rahe the / gulAbacandabhAI bhojana ke lie seTha zrI haMsarAjajI ke vahA~ AyA karate the / kastUra bhI unake sAtha upAzraya meM aksara jAtA-AtA thA / rAta ko sAdhu mahArAja ke paira dabAtA thA / sevA karatA thA / eka dina kastUracanda ne Darate Darate muni zrI kesavijayajI se vinati kI : 'gurudeva, mujhe bhI par3hanA hai, isa gulAba kI taraha Apa mujhe bhI apane sAtha rakha lo na ?' munirAja ne kahA : 'tere ghara ke loga aura seTha yadi ijAjata dete hai to maiM rakha sakatA hU~ / ' kastUra kI jJAna pipAsA itanI to tIvra thI ki use Akhirakara ijAz2ata mila hI gayI / vi0 saM0 1962 vaizAkha suda 3 kI maMgala belA meM munizrI For Private Personal Use Only

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kesaravijayajI ne kastUra ko (devanAgarI lipi) 'ka' sikhAnA prAraMbha kiyA / munizrI vihAra karake jAlora padhAreM / kastUracanda ne paMcapratikramaNa, cANakya nItizAstra, amarakoza ityAdi kA adhyayana kiyA / rAjapUta gulAba aura brAhmaNa kastUra donoM kI jor3I jama gayI / teja gati se donoM kA adhyayana calane lagA / donoM ke dila vairAgya ke raMga meM raMge jAne lage / kastUracanda ne to choTI vaya me isa saMsAra kA anubhava prApta kara liyA thA / aba donoM kA mana jaina dIkSA ke lie lAlAyita ho cukA thA / vi0 saM0 1966 ke vaizAkha suda 3 ke dina jAlora meM donoM mumukSuoM ko bhAgavatI dIkSA pradAna kI gayI / gulAbacanda kA nAma rakhA gayA muni AnaMdavijaya jabaki kastUracanda kA nAma rakhA gayA muni kalyANa vijaya / dIkSA ke pazcAt takhatagaDha kI ora vicaraNa huA / vahA~ jodhapura ke paMDita zAstrI nityAnaMdajI ke pAsa donoM nUtana mUnioM kA adhyayana Age gati karane lagA / sArasvata vyAkaraNa, paMcataMtra, vAgbhaTAlaMkAra vagairaha aneka graMthoM kA adhyayana kiyA / sAdaDI meM paM0 zrI siddhivijayajI ma. (pU. bApajI ma.) ke varada hasta se donoM munioM kI upasthApanA-bahadadIkSA saMpanna huI / munizrI AnaMdavijayajI kA nAmAMtara karake muni zrI saubhAgyavijayajI rakhA gayA / munizrI kalyANavijayajI kA nAma vahI rahA / / vApasa takhatagaDha jAne para paMDitajI ke pAsa adhyayana kI gati bar3hI / aneka graMtha unhoMne kaMThastha kara lie / vi0 saM0 1966 kA mehasANA meM pUjya paMnyAsa zrI siddhivijayajI mahArAja kI nizrA meM huA / yazovijaya jI jaina pAThazAlA meM siddhahema bRhadvRtti, nyAyakArikAvalI kA adhyayana huA / saM0 1967 kA cAturmAsa bharuca meM huA / vahA~ se sUrata, khaMbhAta hokara pAlItAnA meM 1968 kA cAturmAsa huA / tatpazcAt ve mAravADa meM Aye /

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gurudeva zrI kesaravijayajI kA svAsthya barAbara nahIM rahatA thA / 1970-71 ke do cAturmAsa takhatagaDha meM kiye / takhatagaDha ke saMgha ne evaM donoM munioM ne gurudeva kI rAtadina eka mana se sevA kI / muni zrI ke upadeza se saMgha ne pAThazAlA prAraMbha kI / vi0 saM0 1971 ke phAlguna zuklA 2 ke dina gurudeva muni zrI kesaravijayajI mahArAja kA kAladharma huA / ve divaMgata hue / agnisaMskAra ke sthAna para saMgha ne chatarI banavAI / vi0 saM0 1972 ke jAlora ke cAturmAsa ke daurAna vahA~ ke saMgha kA kusaMpa muni zrI kalyANavijayajI ne dUra kiyA / apane gurumahArAja ke nAma se zrI kesaravijaya jaina pustakAlaya kI sthApanA kI jisameM Aja bhI graMthoM kA vizAla saMgraha vyavasthita hai| vi0 saM0 1973 kA cAturmAsa DIsA meM kiyA / vahA~ zrI kalyANavijayajI jaina pAThazAlA kI sthApanA kI, jo Aja bhI cala rahI hai| saM0 1975 meM baDodarA kI sthiratA ke daurAna pAlI bhASA kA adhyayana kiyA / sI. DI. dalAla vagairaha vidvAnoM kA paricaya huA / vahA~ gAyakavAr3a orienTala sirija meM prasiddha honevAle-vasaMtavilAsa, bhavisayatta kahA vagairaha ke prUpha muni zrI kalyANavijayajI ne dekheM / 'vasudeva hiNDI' kA saMpAdana kArya munizrI ko sauMpA gayA paraMtu sUrata se vaha graMtha prakAzita hone ke samAcAra milane se vaha kArya sthagita kara diyA gayA / paMjikA ke sAtha tattvasaMgraha kA saMzodhana karane kI vinati zrI dalAla ne munizrI se kI thI, para sI. DI. dalAla kA nidhana ho jAne se vaha kArya bhI saMpanna nahIM ho sakA / vi0 saM0 1975 kA cAturmAsa AcArya zrI siddhisUrijI mahArAja kI nizrA meM mehasANA meM huA / vahA~ kalyANavijayajI ne marAThI, aura baMgAlI bhASA lipi aura isake bAda ke pAlItAnA ke cAturmAsa ke daurAna brAhmI, kuTila, gupta ityAdi lipiyoM kA adhyayana kiyA / AraMbhasiddhi vagairaha jyotiSa ke graMthoM kA jJAna prApta kiyA / isa daurAna paMDita becaradAsajI ke devadravya viSayaka vicAroM ke lekha

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ne zrIsaMgha meM bAvelA macA rakhA thA / muni zrI kalyANavijayajI ne paM0 becaradAsajI ke una vicAroM kI samAlocanA aneka tarka va udAharaNa ke sAtha kI, jisase ve zrI jaina saMgha meM eka vidvAn lekhaka ke rUpa meM pratiSThita ho gaye / ___muni zrI ne zuruAta meM gujarAtI meM va bAda meM hiMdI meM kAphI kucha likhA hai / saMskRta bhASA meM 'dharmasaMgrahaNI' graMtha kI savistara prastAvanA likhI hai / kaI saMskRta stotra bhI race haiM / pAlI-marAThI-baMgAlI ke uparAMta kaI para bhI unakA prabhutva asarakAraka thA / unake itihAsa viSayaka jJAna se aneka vidvAn prabhAvita the / isvI san 1919 meM 'orienTala kaoNnpharansa' meM padhArane ke lie munizrI ko AmantraNa bhejA gayA thA / munizrI jA nahIM pAye the / __ isI taraha chaThI gujarAtI pariSada kA nimaMtraNa bhI ve svIkAra nahIM pAye the, para unhoMne apanA lekha 'paMdrahavI sadI meM bolI jAnevAlI gujarAtI bhASA' ke zIrSaka se likha bhejA thA / munizrI kA vAcana atyaMta vizAla thA / par3hane ke bAda upayogI-viziSTa bAtoM kI noMda ve avazya kiyA karate the / vaisI TippaNoM kI bharI huI aneka noTsa-kaoNpiyA~ Aja bhI jAlora meM surakSita hai| vi0 saM0 1994, migasara suda 11 ke dina ahamadAbAda meM vidyAzAlA-upAzraya meM gurujanoM ne donoM muni zrI kalyANavijayajI va muni zrI saubhAgyavijayajI ko gaNi va paMnyAsapada se vibhUSita kiye / paMnyAsa pada prApta zrI kalyANavijayajI ke varada hAthoM aneka jagaha para aMjanazalAkA pratiSThAdi vidhAna hue / jAlora meM zrI naMdIzvaradvIpa kI sthApanA unhIM ke mArgadarzana tale huI hai / vi0 saM0 2032, ASAr3ha zuklA 13 ke dina sabere 9-15 baje 88 barasa kI Ayu meM pUjya zrI kA svargavAsa ho jAne se jaina saMgha meM eka mahAna itihAsavettA kA sthAna rikta ho gayA jisakI ApUrti honA asaMbhava sA hai /

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smaraNAMjali 1 panyAsa zrI kalyANavijayajI mahArAja sAheba ne kAphI vizAla saMkhyA meM sAhitya-racanA kI hai / unake sAhitya kA paricaya dete hue jaina saMgha ke prasiddha svargastha paMDitajI zrI maphatalAla jhaveracaMda gAMdhI ne "kalyANakalikA" graMtha meM smaraNAMjali dete hue likhA hai : pUjya panyAsa zrI kalyANavijayajI gaNi, jaina zAsana meM prAcIna graMthoM ke saMzodhaka, Agama, vyAkaraNa, nyAya ityAdi graMthoM ke prakAMDa vidvAn, itihAsa ke samartha jJAtA, vidhi vidhAna graMthoM ke viziSTa jJAtA, jyotiSazAstra ke udbhaTTa vidvAn aura prAcIna zilpa vijJAna ke gahare abhyAsI the / jaina jagat ke uparAMta samagra bhArata meM itihAsavettA ke rUpa meM unakI viziSTa khyAti thI, aura itihAsa ke bAre meM unakA abhiprAya sanmAnIya mAnA jAtA thA / prAcIna itihAsa ke saMbaMdha meM hamAre jaina zAsana meM tIna vyaktioM kI gaNanA hotI thI : 1. AcArya indrasUrijI ma. 2. panyAsa zrI kalyANavijaya gaNi, 3. munizrI darzanavijayajI ( tripuTI ma.) / tInoM meM kalyANavijayajI kA apanA viziSTa sthAna thA / unhoMne jaina itihAsa ke saMzodhana ke sAtha sAtha kucha aisI vizeSa vAteM saMzodhanAtmaka stara para prastuta kI thI, jise lekara bhArata ke gaNamAna vidvAn unake abhiprAya kA Adara karate the / isakA udAharaNa hai unake dvArA likhI gaI pustaka 'vIranirvANa saMvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA' / unhoMne apane jIvanakAla ke daurAna karIbana tIsa jitane graMtha likhe For Private Personal Use Only

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the / adhikAMza graMthoM meM unakA khuda kA nijI ciMtana aura svayaMsphUrta sarjana parilakSita hotA hai / hamAre vahA~ punyavijayajI ma. sAheba ko prAcIna graMthoM ke saMzodhana ke viSaya meM AdhikArika sthAna diyA gayA hai, lekina maiMne haThIbhAI kI bAr3I ahamadAbAda meM unheM panyAsa kalyANavijayajI se ghaMToM taka saMzodhana ke viSaya meM parAmarza karate dekhA hai evaM preraNA lete pAyA hai| Agama vagairaha graMthoM kA viziSTa jJAna inake pAsa thA / isakA sabUta hai 'prabaMdhapArijAta' graMtha, jisameM nizItha-mahAnizItha jaise cheda graMthoM kA unhoMne kAfI anveSaNa kiyA hai / seMkaDoM varSoM se jaina saMgha aura usake vidvAn munirAjoM ko bhI jina vAtoM kI jAnakArI nahIM thI vaisI bAteM unhoMne 'paTTAvalI parAga' aura 'nibaMdha nicaya graMtha' ke dvArA bAteM prastuta kI hai| vaise hI 'kalyANakalikA' bhAga 1-2 graMtha meM unhoMne jyotiSa aura prAcIna zilpa ke aneka graMthoM kA dohana prastuta kiyA hai / 'mAnavabhojya mImAMsA' 'paMDita mAgha' vagairaha aneka graMthoM ke dvArA viziSTa vidvAnoM kA dhyAna khIMcA hai ! zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra aura vIranirvANasaMvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA ina graMthoM ke nirmANa meM to bhAratabhara ke vidvAn itihAsajJoM ko jhukA de vaisA unakA parizrama bharA huA hai / / AgamagraMtha, zilAlekha aura vividhasAhitya ke nirIkSaNa, manana aura ciMtana ke dvArA unhoMne zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kramabaddha cAturmAsa evaM unheM hue upasargoM kA jo Akalana prastuta kiyA hai vaha apUrva hai / vIranirvANa aura jainakAlagaNanA to itanA AdhArabhUta graMtha mAnA gayA hai ki usakA AdhAra lekara aneka itihAsavidoM ne apanA saMzodhana kiyA hai| unake likhe hue karIbana tIsa graMthoM ke pArzva meM prAcIna-arvAcIna vividha graMthoM kA paThana, nirIkSaNa, manana, aura saMkalana savizeSa dikhAI detA hai / unake hAthoM se mudrita hue pratyeka graMtha kI yadi vistRta samAlocanA kI jAya to unake vizAla jJAna, anubhava aura sUkSma nirIkSaNa ke prati ahobhAva

Page #17
16 paidA hotA hai aura mastaka jhuka jAtA hai / panyAsa kalyANavijayajI ma. ko jaba bhI AcArya pada dene ke lie Agraha kiyA gayA, ve hara bAra 'maiM jisa pada para hU~ vaha barAbara hai' yaha kahakara AcArya pada lenA TAlate rahe / paMnyAsa kalyANavijayajI gaNi meM viziSTa prakAra kI khojabIna kI zakti itanI AtmasAt thI kI vihAra karate hue kisa gA~va se guz2ara rahe ho to gA~va kI sImA meM sthApita vIrapratimA- khude hue paththara ke itihAsa kI, usake pIche chupe hue rahasya kI khoja meM ve laga jAte, phira vaha kisI bhI vyakti yA mAnyatA kA bhI kyoM na ho ? choTe se gA~va meM bhI yadi ve jAte to gA~va kA maMdira, upAzraya aura vahA~ par3e rahe purAne panne, purAnI kitAbeM, sabhI kA ve bArIkAI se nirIkSaNa karate aura loga jise phAlatU kacarA samajhakara pheMkane kA socate usa meM se kalyANavijayajI naI itihAsa paramparA khoja nikAlate yA phira tattvajJAna kA nayA navanIta prApta karate / panyAsa zrI kalyANavijayajI gaNi zera kI taraha nIDara prakRti vAle the, kisI ke bhI zeha- zarama, sifAriza, ADaMbara yA prabhAva tale kabhI bhI Ate nahIM the / aura unheM jo bhI saca lagatA vaha kharIkharI bhASA meM kaha dete the, isake lie unheM kucha sahanA bhI par3atA, to isake lie taiyAra rahate the / yadi unakI mAnyatA yA unake dvArA pracArita bAta- siddhAMta barAbara nahIM hai, nukasAnakartA hai, aisA yadi unheM mAlUma hotA to ve apanI kIrti, yaza yA mahattA ko mahattva diye bagaira satya kA svIkAra kara lete aura sApha sApha kahate ki 'maineM kahA hai, socA hai, vaha sahI hai para aba yaha karane jaisA nahIM hai / ' isa taraha satya ko apanAne meM ve kabhI jhijhakate nahIM the / For Private Personal Use Only

Page #18
prastAvanA 1. prAkthana -- prastuta grantha ' zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra' ke nirmANa kA saMkalpa hamane Aja se bIsa varSa pahale kiyA thA / saMvat 1976 kA hamArA varSAcAturmAsya pAlItAnA (kAThiyAvADa) meM thA / usa samaya paMDita becaradAsajI dozI ne apane eka bhASaNa meM devadravya kI azAstrIyatA batAI jisase jainasaMgha meM devadravya kI carcA cala par3I / hamane eka vistRta lekha likha kara paMDitajI ko unakI bAtoM kA uttara diyA / hamAre lekha ne jainasamAja meM paryApta jAgRti utpanna kii| kaI prasiddha jaina sAdhuoM aura vidvAnoM ne usa lekha kI prazaMsA karane ke sAtha usakI pA~ca haz2Ara kaoNpiyA~ pustakAkAra chapavA kara pracAra karane kA bhI anurodha kiyA / ThIka usI prasaMga para kaI jaina gRhasthoM ne bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvanacaritra likhane kI hameM prArthanA kI aura isake liye yathAzakti sahAyatA dene ke vacana diye / hamane yathAzakya prayatna karane kA vizvAsa dilAyA aura mAnasika saMkalpa kiyA ki jaise bhI hogA zramaNa bhagavAn ke saMbaMdha meM avazya likhA jAyagA / saMvat 1978 ke pAlanapura ke cAturmAsya meM ukta saMkalpAnusAra bhagavAn kA jIvana caritra likhanA prAraMbha kiyA aura svAsthya ThIka na hone para bhI thor3A bahuta likhA / pAlanapura se mAravAr3a meM Aye / hamAre liye mAravAr3a mahAn pravRttimaya kSetra hai / varSAkAla ke do tIna mahInoM ke atirikta yahA~ hameM sAhityika pravRtti For Private Personal Use Only

Page #19
ke liye samaya nahIM milatA / cAturmAsya meM bhI jabajaba isa kArya ko hAtha meM lete taba taba bahuta-sI bAteM jAnane kI AvazyakatA upasthita hotI / yadyapi sAmagrI kI nyUnatA na thI phira bhI kaI bAra naye grantha ma~gAne par3ate / isa prakAra bahuta sI pustakeM ma~gAnI aura par3hanI par3I / saMvat 1985 ke varSa meM gujarAtI bhASA meM mahAvIra-caritra taiyAra ho gayA, para taba taka hamAre vicAroM meM khAsA parivartana ho cukA thA / hameM isa kArya kI preraNA gujarAta se milI thI aura vihAra bhI taba gujarAta meM kara rahe the ataH grantha gujarAtI bhASA meM banAnA thA / paraMtu bAda meM turanta mAravAr3a AnA huA aura saMyoga badala gaye / dUsarA eka aura bhI kAraNa thA / hamane jo gujarAtI meM caritra likhA thA usakI paddhati prAcIna caritroM se adhika milatI thI parantu bAda meM yaha paddhati hameM ThIka nahIM a~cI, kyoMki isa paddhati ke caritra aneka bana cuke the jinakA jaina samAja ne ucita Adara nahIM kiyA thA / isaliye hamane usa gujarAtI caritra ko bilakula radda karake naye sire se hindI meM likhanA AraMbha kiyA jo varSAkAla ke dinoM meM thor3A-thor3A calatA aura kabhI-kabhI varSAkAla meM bhI anyAnya tAtkAlika kAryoM ke upasthita hone para banda rahatA / isa prakAra ati mandagati se calatA huA hamArA kAma aba jAkara pUrA huA / 2. sAmagrI avakAzAbhAva ke atirikta eka ora bhI vilaMba kA kAraNa thA aura vaha thA maulika sAdhanoM kI avyavasthitatA / ___ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana-caritra kI maulika sAmagrI kA nirdeza karate samaya hama sarvaprathama AcArAMga, kalpasUtra aura Avazyakaniyukti, bhASya, cUNi tathA TIkA para dRSTipAta kareMge / kyoMki maulika rUpa se inhIM sUtroM meM zramaNa bhagavAn ke jIvana-caritra saMbandhI vRttAnta upalabdha hote haiM / ukta sUtroM ke atirikta AcArya zrI nemicandra, guNacandra tathA hemacandrasUrikRta madhyakAlIna 'mahAvIra-caritoM' meM bhI bhagavAn ke jIvana-caritra ke 'kucha aMza' saMgRhIta haiM /

Page #20
hamAre isa 'kucha aMza' kA tAtparya yaha hai ki ina sabhI granthoM meM vyavasthitarUpa se bhagavAn kI chadmasthAvasthA kI hI carcA hai / kevali-jIvana ke 30 varSa kA laMbA samaya bhagavAn ne kahA~ vyatIta kiyA, kauna-sA varSAcAturmAsya kisa sthAna meM kiyA aura vahA~ kyA kyA dharmakArya hue kaunakauna pratibodha pAye ityAdi bAtoM kA kahIM bhI nirUpaNa nahIM milatA / pichale caritroM meM bhagavAn ke kevali-jIvana ke katipaya prasaMgoM kA varNana avazya diyA hai, parantu unameM bhI kAla-krama na hone se caritra kI dRSTi se ve mahattvahIna ho gaye haiM / yaha saba hote hue bhI hamane ina caritroM kA upayoga kiyA hai| Age hama inakA kramazaH 'ka' 'kha' ora 'ga' caritra ke nAma se ullekha kareMge / ___hamArI zikAyata kevala caritroM ke saMbaMdha meM hI nahIM balki maulika sAmagrI kI avyavasthA ke saMbandha meM bhI hai / AcArAGgasUtrakAra bhagavAn ke tapa ke saMbandha meM likhate haiM / "chaTeNaM egayA bhuMje ahavA aTThameNaM dasameNaM duvAlasameNaM egayA bhuMje / " arthAt-'ve kabhI do upavAsa ke bAda bhojana karate haiM, kabhI tIna, kabhI cAra aura kabhI pA~ca upavAsa ke anta meM bhojana karate haiN|' aba Avazyakaniyukti, bhASya aura cUrNikAra kA mata dekhiye / ina granthoM meM mahAvIra ke sampUrNa tapa aura pAraNA ke dina ginAye gaye haiM, jinameM cAra aura pA~ca upavAsa ke tapa kA ullekha nahIM hai| isI prakAra Avazyaka meM mahAvIra kI chadmasthAvasthA kA samaya barAbara 12 varSa 6 mAsa aura 15 dina kA mAnA hai aura isI hisAba se unake tapa aura pAraNoM kI dina-saMkhyA milAI hai; parantu mahAvIra ne mArgazIrSa kRSNA 10 mI ko dIkSA lI aura terahaveM varSa vaizAkha zuklA 10mI ko kevalajJAna pAyA / yaha chadmasthakAla saura varSa kI gaNanA se 12 varSa aura sAr3he pA~ca mAsa, prakarma saMvatasara kI gaNanA se 12 varSa sAr3he sAta mAsa aura cAndra saMvatsara kI gaNanA se 12 varSa sAr3he nau mAsa hotA hai / AvazyakAra kI kahI huI 12 varSa sAr3he chaH mAsa kI

Page #21
20 saMkhyA kisI bhI vyAvahArika gaNanA se siddha nahIM hotI / sAmagrI kI isa avyavasthitatA ne hamAre mArga meM kaThina samasyA upasthita kI / jisa sAmagrI ke bharose hamane kArya prAraMbha kiyA thA usakI apUrNatA se hamArA utsAha yadyapi kucha samaya ke liye manda ho gayA to bhI hamArA nizcaya nahIM badalA / 'bhale hI vilamba ho para caritra to avazya likhA jAyagA' hamAre isa saMkalpa ne hameM vizeSa sAhitya ke anuzIlana kI tarapha pravRtta kiyA aura yathAzakya saba AgamoM kA avalokana karane ke sAtha unameM se jo jo caritAMza mile aura hameM ThIka lage unakA saMgraha kara ghaTanAkrama se yojanA kI jisakA sArAMza nIce likhe mujaba hai / (1) bhagavAn kA chadmasthajIvana bhagavAn kA chadmasthajIvana saba granthoM meM eka sA vyavasthita hai ataH isa viSaya meM hameM adhika parizrama nahIM uThAnA par3A / isa caritra bhAga ko hamane kalpasUtra tathA AvazyakacUNi ke Upara se saMkSepa rUpa meM likha kara lagabhaga sAr3he bAraha varSa kI jIvanI thor3e se pRSThoM meM rakha dI hai| (2) kevali-jIvana kA rekhAcitra hama Upara kaha Aye haiM ki sUtra aura granthoM meM bhagavAn kA kevalijIvana nahIM likhA, isalie isa ke likhane aura vyavasthita karane meM hameM paryApta zrama uThAnA par3A / isa bhAga kI hamane jisa DhaMga para yojanA kI hai usakA ThIka svarUpa to grantha ke par3hane se hI jJAta hogA tathApi saMkSepa meM AbhAsa karAne ke liye hama usakA rekhAcitra dikhAte haiM / zramaNajIvana kA 13vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 500-499)RjuvAlukA ke taTa para kevalajJAna / rAtabhara meM pAvAmadhyamA ke mahAsena udyAna meM pahu~canA / mahAsena ke dvitIya samavasaraNa meM saMghasthApanA / vahA~ se vihArakrama se rAjagRha jAnA / rAjagRha ke samavasaraNa meM meghakumAra, nandISeNa Adi kI pravrajyAyeM / sulasA, abhayakumAra Adi kA gRhasthadharma-svIkAra / zreNika ko samyaktvaprApti / varSAvAsa rAjagRha meM kiyA /

Page #22
14vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 499-498) varSA kAla ke bAda videha kI tarapha vihAra / brAhmaNa-kuNDa meM RSabhadatta Adi kI dIkSAyeM / varSAvAsa vaizAlI meM kiyA / 15vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 498-497) cAturmAsya ke samApta hone para vatsabhUmi kI tarapha vihAra / kauzAmbI ke udyAna meM jayantI kI dharmacarcA aura dIkSA / vahIM se kozala kI tarapha prayANa / zrAvastI meM sumanobhadra, supratiSTha kI dIkSAyeM / videha ko vihAra / vANijyagrAma meM gAthApati Ananda aura usakI patnI zivAnandA kA nirgrantha-pravacana-svIkAra aura zrAddhadharma ke dvAdaza vratoM kA lenA / varSAvAsa vANijyagrAma meM kiyA / 16vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 497-496) vANijyagrAma se magadha kI tarapha vihAra / rAjagRha meM samavasaraNa / kAlaviSayaka prarUpaNa / dhanya, zAlibhadra Adi kI dIkSAyeM / varSAvAsa rAjagRha meM / 17vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 496-495)-varSA Rtu ke bAda campA kI tarapha vihAra / campA meM mahacandra Adi kI dIkSAyeM / kAmadeva Adi kA gRhasthadharma-svIkAra / udAyana ke mAnasika abhiprAya ko jAna kara vItabhaya kI tarapha vihAra / udAyana kI dIkSA / phira videha kI tarapha vihAra / bIca meM bhUkha-pyAsa se zramaNoM ko kaSTa / varSAvAsa vANijyagrAma meM / 18vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 495-494) banArasa, AlaMbhikAdi nagaroM meM hote hue rAjagRha kI tarapha prayANa / banArasa meM cUlanIpitA aura surAdeva kA nirgranthapravacana svIkAra, AlaMbhiyA meM poggala parivrAjaka ko pratibodha, cullazataka kA zramaNopAsaka honA, rAjagaha meM samavasaraNa, maMkAtI arjuna kAzyapa Adi aneka gRhasthoM kI dIkSAyeM / varSAvAsa rAjagRha meM / 19vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 494-493) magadha bhUmi meM hI vihAra, Ardraka muni ke sAmane gozAlaka ke mahAvIra para AkSepa, rAjagRha meM abhayakumAra, jAli, dIrghasenAdi 21 rAjakumAroM aura zreNika kI nandA Adi 13 rAniyoM kI dIkSAyeM / varSAvAsa rAjagRha meM / 20vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 493-492)-vatsadeza kI tarapha vihAra,

Page #23
22 bIca meM AlaMbhiyA meM samavasaraNa, RSibhadra zramaNopAsaka kI bAta kA samarthana, kauzAmbI meM mRgAvatI aura caNDapradyota kI rAniyoM kI dIkSA, videha kI tarapha vihAra / varSAvAsa vaizAlI meM / 21vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 492 - 491 ) varSAkAla ke bAda mithilA kI tarapha prayANa, vahA~ se kAkandI, zrAvastI ho kara pazcima ke janapadoM meM vihAra / ahicchatra, rAjapura, kAmpilya, polAsapura Adi nagaroM meM samavasaraNa, kAkandI meM dhanya, sunakSatra Adi kI dIkSAyeM, kAmpilya meM kuNDakaulika aura polAsapura meM saddAlaputra kA nirgrantha-pravacana - svIkAra / varSAvAsa vANijyagrAma meM | 22vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 491 - 490 ) magadhabhUmi kI tarapha vihAra, rAjagRha meM mahAzataka kA zrAvakadharma svIkAra / pArzvapatyoM ke praznottara aura mahAvIra kI sarvajJatA kA svIkAra / varSAvAsa rAjagRha meM / 23vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 490 - 489 ) -- pazcima dizA meM vihAra | kacaMgalA meM skandhaka kAtyAyana ko pratibodha, zrAvastI meM nandInIpitA aura sAlihIpitA kA zrAddhadharma svIkAra / varSAvAsa vANijyagrAma meM / 24vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 489 - 488 ) - brAhmaNa ke bahusAla caitya meM samavasaraNa, jamAli kA ziSyaparivAra ke sAtha bhagavAn se pRthak honA, vatsabhUmi kI tarapha vihAra | candra sUrya kA avataraNa / magadha kI tarapha prayANa / rAjagRha meM samavasaraNa / pAzrvApatyoM kI dezanA kA samarthana / abhayakumAra Adi kA anazana / varSAvAsa rAjagRha meM / 25vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 488 - 487 ) campA kI tarapha vihAra / campA meM zreNikapautra padma, mahApadmAdi dasa rAjakumAra tathA jinapAlitAdi aneka gRhasthoM kI dIkSAyeM / pAlitAdi gRhasthoM kA zrAddhadharmasvIkAra / vahA~ se videhamithilA kI tarapha vihAra / kAkandI meM kSemaka, dhRtidhara Adi kI dIkSAyeM, varSAvAsa mithilA meM / 26vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 487-486 ) aMgadeza kI tarapha prayANa, campA meM zreNika kI kAlI Adi dasa vidhavA rAniyoM kI dIkSAyeM / punaH For Private Personal Use Only

Page #24
mithilA ko vihAra / varSAvAsa mithilA meM / 27vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 486-485)-mithilA se vaizAlI ke nikaTa hokara zrAvastI kI tarapha vihAra, bIca meM vehAsa (halla) vehalla rAjakumAroM kI dIkSAyeM / zrAvastI ke udyAna meM gozAlaka maMkhaliputra kA upadrava / jamAli kA nihnavatva / meMDhiyagrAma ke sAlakoSThaka caitya meM bhagavAn kI sakhta bImArI aura revatI ke auSadha se usakI zAnti / varSAvAsa mithilA meM / / 28vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 485-484)-kozala-pAJcAla kI tarapha vihAra / zrAvastI, ahicchatrA, hastinApura, mokAnagarI, Adi nagaroM meM samavasaraNa / zrAvastI meM gautama aura kezIkumAra zramaNa kI dharmacarcA / hastinApura meM zivarAjarSi, puTThila Adi kI dIkSAyeM / varSAvAsa vANijyagrAma meM / 29vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 484-483) varSARtu ke bAda rAjagRha kI tarapha vihAra / rAjagRha meM AjIvakoM ke prazna / aneka muniyoM ke anazana / varSAvAsa rAjagRha meM / _30vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 483-482)-campA kI tarapha prayANa / kAmadeva ke dhairya kI prazaMsA / pRSThacampA meM sAla mahAsAla kI dIkSAyeM / dazArNa deza kI tarapha vihAra / dazArNabhadra rAjA kI dIkSA / videha kI tarapha gamana / vANijyagrAma meM somila brAhmaNa kA nirgranthapravacana-svIkAra / varSAvAsa vANijyagrAma meM / 31vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 482-481)-kozala-pAJcAla kI tarapha vihAra / sAketa, zrAvastI, kAmpilya Adi meM samavasaraNa / kAmpilyapura meM ambaDa parivrAjaka kA nirgranthapravacana-svIkAra / varSAvAsa vaizAlI meM / 32vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 481-480)-videha, kozala, kAzI ke pradezoM meM vihAra / vANijyagrAma meM gAMgeya ke praznottara / varSAvAsa vaizAlI meM / __33vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 480-479)-zItakAla meM magadha kI tarapha vihAra / rAjagRha meM samavasaraNa / campA ko vihAra / daramiyAna pRSThacampA

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24 meM piThara, gAgali Adi kI dIkSAyeM / varSAvAsa rAjagRha meM / 34vA~ varSa ( vi0 pU0 479 - 478 ) -- guNazIla caitya meM kAlodayI ko pratibodha / nAlandA meM gautama aura peDhAlaputra kA saMvAda / jAli, mayAli Adi muniyoM ke vipulAcala para anazana / varSAvAsa nAlandA meM ! 35 vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 478-477 ) videha kI tarapha prayANa | vANijyagrAma ke samavasaraNa meM sudarzana zreSThi ko pratibodha / vANijyagrAma ke pAsa kollAga sanniveza meM Ananda zramaNopAsaka ke sAtha indrabhUti gautama kA avadhijJAnaviSayaka vArtAlApa / varSAvAsa vaizAlI meM / 36vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 477-476 ) - kozala, pAJcAla, sUraainAdi dezoM meM vihAra / sAketa meM koTivarSa nagara ke kirAtarAja kI dIkSA / kAMpilya, sauryapura, mathurA, nandIpura Adi nagaroM meM samavasaraNa / punaH videha meM vihAra / varSAvAsa mithilA meM / 37vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 476 - 475 ) magadha kI tarapha vihAra / rAjagRha meM samavasaraNa / anyatIrthikoM ke AkSepaka prazna, kAlodayI ke prazna | aneka dIkSAyeM / gaNadhara prabhAsa tathA aneka muniyoM kA nirvANa | varSAvAsa rAjagRha meM / 38vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 475 - 474 ) magadhabhUmi meM hI vihAra rAjagRha ke samavasaraNa meM anyatIrthikoM kI kriyAkAla niSThAkAlAdi viSayaka mAnyatAoM ke saMbandha meM gautama ke aneka praznottara / gaNadhara acalabhrAtA aura metArya kA nirvANa / varSAvAsa nAlandA meM / 39vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 474 - 473 ) -- videhabhUmi kI tarapha vihAra | mithilA ke mANibhadra caitya meM jyotiSazAstra kI prarUpaNA / varSAvAsa mithilA meM / 40 vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 473 - 472 ) -- videhabhUmi meM hI vihAra, aneka dIkSAyeM / varSAvAsa mithilA meM / 41 vA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 472 - 471 ) magadha kI tarapha vihAra For Private Personal Use Only

Page #26
rAjagRha meM samavasaraNa / mahAzataka zramaNopAsaka ko hitasaMdeza / uSNa jalahada, AyuSyakarma, manuSya loka kI mAnavavasati, duHkhamAna, ekAnta duHkha vedanA Adi ke saMbandha meM praznottara / agnibhUti aura vAyubhUti kA nirvANa / varSAvAsa rAjagRha meM / 4zvA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 471-470) varSA Rtu ke bAda bhI adhika samaya taka rAjagRha meM sthiratA / chaThe Are ke bhArata aura usake manuSyoM kA varNana, avyakta, maNDita, mauryaputra aura akampita nAmaka gaNadharoM ke nirvANa / pAvAmadhyamA kI tarapha vihAra / pAvA ke rAjA hastipAla kI rajjuga sabhA meM varSAvAsa / antima upadeza / kArtika amAvasyA kI rAtri meM nirvANa aura gautama gaNadhara ko kevalajJAna-prApti / 3. upapatti bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kevalijIvana saMbandhI jo sAlavAra vihArakrama hamane Upara diyA hai usakI upapatti nimnalikhita vivaraNa se jJAta hogI / (1) 'ka' aura 'ga' caritroM ke lekhAnusAra bhagavAn madhyamA se vihAra kara rAjagRha gaye the| jaldI se jaldI bhagavAn madhyamA se jyeSTha ke kRSNapakSa meM nikale hoMge aura sAmAnya vihArakrama se calate hue ve jyeSTha ke zuklapakSa meM rAjagRha pahu~ce hoMge / pahalA hI samavasaraNa thA aura aneka dIkSAyeM bhI huI thIM, isa lie bhagavAnne vahA~ paryApta samaya taka sthiratA kI hogI yaha nizcita hai / isa dazA meM pahale varSa kA varSAvAsa bhI unhoMne rAjagRha meM hI kiyA hogA / yaha bAta svataH siddha ho jAtI hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kevali-avasthA ke varSAvAsa saMbandhI kendra tIna hI the / 1. rAjagRha-nAlandA, 2. vaizAlI-vANijyagrAma aura 3. mithilA / inameM se pichale do kendra dUra the, varSAkAla ati nikaTa thA, zramaNasaMgha nayA thA aura samaya pracaNDa grISma kA thA, rAjagRha jaisA pUrva paricita kSetra thA / ina saba bAtoM kA vicAra karane para bhI yahI hRdayaMgata hotA hai ki varSAvAsa bhagavAn ne rAjagRha meM kiyA hogA / (2) 'kha' caritra bhagavAn kA sIdhA brAhmaNakuNDa jAnA batAtA hai,

Page #27
26 kyoMki usake mata se rAjagRha ke pAsa vAlA Adhunika 'kuNDalapura' sthAna hI 'brAhmaNakuNDa' thA / parantu vAstava meM brAhmaNakuNDapura vaizAlI ke pAsa thA jo rAjagRha ke bAda AtA thA / isa dazA meM brAhmaNakuNDa jAne kA tAtparya hama yahI samajhate haiM ki rAjagRha meM varSAvAsa pUrA hone ke bAda ve videhabhUmi meM gaye the aura brAhmaNakuNDa kSatriyakuNDa Adi meM RSabhadatta jamAli Adi ko dIkSAyeM dI thiiN| (3) 'kha' ke lekhAnusAra bhagavAn brAhmaNakuNDa se kSatriyakuNDa ho kara kauzAmbI gaye the aura vahA~ se phira vANijyagrAma jAkara Ananda gAthApati ko zramaNopAsaka banAyA thA / videha se vatsadeza aura vatsa se phira videha meM Ane ke bAda unakA varSAvAsa vaizAlIvANijyagrAma meM honA hI avasara prApta thA / isI AdhAra para tIsarA varSAvAsa hamane vANijyagrAma meM batAyA hai| (4) 'kha' aura 'ga' donoM ke mata se bhagavAn vANijyagrAma se campA kI tarapha vicare the aura kAmadeva gAthApati ko zramaNopAsaka banAyA thA, parantu hamAre vicAra ke anusAra ve sIdhe campA na jAkara pahale rAjagRha gaye the aura varSAvAsa vahIM vyatIta karane ke bAda campA gaye the bhagavatIsUtra meM bhagavAna ke campA se vItabhaya jAkara udAyana rAjA ko dIkSA dene kA lekha hai / udAyana abhayakumAra ke pahale dIkSita ho cuke the / yahI nahIM balki ve gyAraha aMga-pAThI muni the / ina bAtoM para se yahI mAnanA par3atA hai ki udAyana kI dIkSA bahuta pahale kI ghaTanA hai / ataH bhagavAn isI vihAra-krama meM campA se vItabhaya gaye hoMge, yaha bhI siddha hai / yadi vANijyagrAma se campA aura campA se vItabhaya jAne kI bAta mAnI jAya to vihAra bahuta laMbA ho jAtA hai / yoM hI campA se vItabhaya eka hajAra mIla se bhI adhika dUra hai, vANijyagrAma se campA ho kara vItabhaya jAne meM yaha dUrI eka sau paccIsa mIla ke lagabhaga aura bhI bar3ha jAtI hai, isaliye rAjagRha se campAgamana mAnanA hI ucita pratIta hotA hai| (5) vItabhaya se bhagavAn ne usI varSa meM apane kendroM kI tarapha vihAra kiyA thA aura garmI ke kAraNa sthalabhUmi meM unake zramaNa

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27 ziSyoM ne bhUkha-pyAsa se bahuta kaSTha uThAyA thA / isa se jJAta hotA hai ki bhagavAn grISmakAla ke nikaTa Ane para vItabhaya se nikale hoMge aura varSAkAla ke pahale pahale ve apane kendra meM paha~ca gaye hoMge aura isa ati dIrgha vihAra ke bAda unhoMne saba se nikaTa ke kendra vANijyagrAma meM hI varSAvAsa kiyA hogA, yaha kahane kI zAyada hI jarUrata hogI / / (6) 'kha' aura 'ga' ne campA se bhagavAn kA banArasa aura AlabhikA kI tarapha vihAra karanA likhA hai, parantu hama dekha Ae haiM ki campA se bhagavAn vItabhaya gaye the aura vahA~ se vANijyagA~va meM varSA cAturmAsya kiyA thA / isa dazA meM campA se sIdhA banArasa, AlabhikA Adi nagaroM meM jA kara culanIpitA Adi ko pratibodha denA asaMbhava pratIta hotA hai; ata: hamane yaha kAryakrama vANijyagA~va ke varSAvAsa ke bAda meM rakkhA hai| ukta caritroM ke kathanAnusAra AlabhiyA se bhagavAn kA vihAra kAmpilya kI tarapha hotA hai, parantu itane vihAra ke bAda AlabhiyA se rAjagRha na jAkara bhagavAn kAmpilya kI tarapha vicareM, yaha bAta hRdaya kabUla nahIM karatA / caritroM kA mata AnandAdi isa hI zrAvakoM kA varNana eka silasile meM karane kA hone se unhoMne AlabhiyA ke bAda bhagavAn kA kAmpilya jAnA likhA hai, parantu vAstava meM ve AlabhiyA se rAjagRha gaye hoMge, kyoMki eka to anya kendroM se vaha nikaTa par3atA thA, dUsare vahA~ nirgrantha-pravacana kA pracAra karane kA anukUla samaya thA, sapatnIka zreNika aura unake putroM kI bhagavAn ke Upara ananya zraddhA ho cukI thI aura pichale do varSAvAsoM meM unheM vahA~ paryApta lAbha mila cukA thA / ina bAtoM para khayAla karane se yahI kahanA par3atA hai ki AlabhiyA se bhagavAn kA rAjagRha jAnA hI yuktisaMgata hai / zreNika ne bhagavAn ke kevalijIvana ke 10 varSa bhI pUre nahIM dekhe the phira bhI rAjagRha ke adhikAMza samavasaraNoM ke prasaMgoM meM zreNika kA nAmollekha milatA hai| isase bhI yaha siddha hotA hai ki zreNika ke jIvita kAla meM bhagavAn rAjagRha meM vizeSa vicare the| isa dazA meM AlabhiyA meM cullazataka ko pratibodha dene ke bAda bhagavAn kA rAjagRha jAnA aura do eka varSAvAsa vahA~ karanA bilakula svAbhAvika pratIta hotA hai /

Page #29
28 (7) chaThe varSAvAsa ke daramyAna rAjagRha meM maMkAtI Adi samRddha gRhasthoM kI dIkSAoM se tathA apanI bhAvi gati ke zravaNa se zreNika ke mana para itanA bhArI asara par3A thA ki usane nagarajanoM ko hI nahIM, apane kuTumbIjanoM kI bhI dIkSA kI Ama paravAnagI de dI thii| bhagavAn ne isa avasara ko lAbhadAyaka pAyA aura dvitIya varSAvAsa bhI rAjagRha meM karake apanI upadezadhArA cAlU rakkhI thI / isakA pariNAma jo AyA vaha pratyakSa hai / zreNika ke 21 putroM aura 13 rAniyoM ne eka sAtha zramaNadharma kI dIkSA lI aura aneka nAgarikajanoM ne zramaNa aura gRhasthadharma kA svIkAra kiyA, yaha pariNAma batAtA hai ki bhagavAn ne rAjagRha meM kitanI sthiratA kI hogI / (8) 'ga' caritra ke abhiprAya se bhagavAn, rAjagRha meM vihAra kara kauzAmbI gaye the aura mRgAvatI Adi ko dIkSA dI thI / hamAre vicAra se ve uparyukta do varSAvAsa rAjagRha meM karake hI kauzAmbI gaye the aura mRgAvatI aMgAravatI Adi ko dIkSA de kara videha kI tarapha vicare the / 'ga' ke mata se yaha kauzAmbI kA prathama samavasaraNa thA / isI kAraNa se unhoMne AnandAdi zrAvakoM ke pratibodha kA varNana isa ke bAda kiyA hai, parantu vAstava meM jisa samavasaraNa meM mRgAvatI kI dIkSA huI thI vaha kauzAmbI kA dvitIya samavasaraNa thA / prathama samavasaraNa meM mRgAvatI ne nahIM, unakI nanada jayantI ne dIkSA lI thI, aisA bhagavatIsUtra ke lekha se siddha hotA hai / caritrakAroM ke ghaTanAkrama meM se jayantI kI dIkSA kA prasaMga chUTa jAne se yaha bhUla ho gaI hai / isa avasthA meM rAjagRha AThaveM varSAvAsa ke bAda kauzAmbI meM mRgAvatI kI dIkSA kA prasaMga mAnanA hI pramANika ho sakatA hai| magadha se bhagavAn vatsabhUmi meM vicare the aura vahA~ se videha meM / 'kha' aura 'ga' ke lekhoM meM bhI yahI vidhAna hai ki mRgAvatI kI dIkSA ke bAda bhagavAna videha meM vicare the / isa dazA meM agalA varSAvAsa bhI videha ke nikaTastha kendra vaizAlI-vANijyagA~va meM honA hI avasara prApta hai / (9) bhagavatI, vipAkazruta, upAsakadazA Adi maulika sUtra-sAhitya ke varNanoM se pAyA jAtA hai ki bhagavAn pAJcAla, sUrasena kuru Adi pazcima bhArata ke aneka dezoM meM vicare the| isa se hamArA anumAna hai ki isI avasara

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29 meM unhoMne kozala-pAJcAlAdi pradezoM meM vihAra kiyA aura kAmpilya meM kuNDakaulika aura polAsapura meM saddAlaputra Adi ko pratibodha diyA aura varSAvAsa vaizAlI-vANijya grAma meM kiyA thA / (10) 'kha' aura 'ga' ke lekhAnusAra kAmpilya aura polAsapura se bhagavAn rAjagRha padhAre the aura mahAzataka ko pratibodhita kiyA thA / hamArA bhI yahI abhiprAya hai ki ukta sthAnoM ke vihAra ke bAda vANijyagrAma meM varSAvAsa karake bhagavAn rAjagRha padhAre the aura mahAzatakAdi ko pratibodha diyA thA taba varSAvAsa bhI vahIM kiyA hogA kyoMki magadha meM varSAvAsa kA vahI kendra thA / (11) 'kha' aura 'ga' ke lekhAnasAra bhI mahAzataka ke pratibodha ke bAda bhagavAn rAjagRha se zrAvastI kI tarapha vicare the aura nandinIpitA Adi ko pratibodhita kiyA thA / hamAre mata se bIca meM kayaMgalA nivAsI skandhaka kAtyAyana kA bodha bhI isI vihAra meM huA thA aura agalA varSAvAsa bhI nikaTastha kendra vANijyagrAma meM hI huA thA / (12) 'kha' aura 'ga' donoM cAritroM ke abhiprAya se zrAvastI ke bAda bhagavAn phira kauzAmbI gaye the aura candra-sUrya kA avataraNa huA thA / hamAre vicArAnusAra zrAvastI se sIdhe kauzAmbI nahIM kintu vANijyagrAma meM varSAvAsa pUrA karane ke bAda vahA~ gae the / ukta donoM caritroM ke mata se bhagavAn kauzAmbI se phira zrAvastI gaye aura gozAlaka kA upadrava huA thA, parantu hamArI rAya meM kauzAmbI se bhagavAn rAjagRha gaye the aura varSAvAsa bhI vahA~ kiyA thA, kyoMki gozAlaka kA upadrava, samaya ke hisAba se mArgazIrSa mAsa meM huA siddha huA hai / isase yaha to mAnanA hI par3egA ki bhagavAn kauzAmbI se sIdhe hI zrAvastI nahIM gaye the / isa dazA meM hameM yahI mAnanA cAhiye ki kauzAmbI se ve rAjagRha gaye hoMge aura varSAvAsa vahIM kiyA hogA / (13) rAjagaha se mArgazIrSa mahIne meM zrAvastI jAkara bhagavAn gozAlaka ke viruddha vyAkhyAna nahIM de sakate the, dUsare gozAlakavAlI ghaTanA bhagavAn

Page #31
ke kevalijIvana ke caudahaveM varSa meM ghaTI thI taba bhagavAn ko abhI terahavA varSa hI calatA thA, isa dazA meM rAjagRha se bhI bhagavAn kA zrAvastI kI tarapha jAnA saMgata nahIM hotA / yadyapi 'ga' caritra ne kevali-avasthA meM bhagavAn mithilA jAne kA kahIM ullekha hI nahIM kiyA hai, parantu bhagavAn ne apane kevalijIvana ke 6 varSAvAsa mithilA meM bitAye the isa lie yaha anumAna karanA kaThina nahIM hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra mithilA meM kitane vicare hoMge / isa saba AdhAroM para se hamArA nizcita mata hai ki rAjagRha ke bAda bhagavAn mithilA kI tarapha vicare the aura varSAvAsa bhI vahIM kiyA thA / (14) varSAkAla ke bAda bhagavAn mithilA se aMgadeza kI tarapha vicare the, kyoMki una dinoM vaizAlI koNika kI yuddhasthalI banI huI thI / rAjagRha se magadha kA rAjyAsana campA ko calA jAne se una dinoM campA hI saba kA lakSyabindu banI huI thI / sUtroM meM bhI ullekha milate haiM ki jisa samaya magadharAja koNika vaizAlIpati ceTaka ke sAtha ghamAsAna yuddha kara rahA thA, bhagavAn mahAvIra campA meM vicarate the| kAlakumAra Adi zreNika ke dasa putroM ke yuddha meM kAma Ane ke samAcAra bhagavAn ke hI mukha se unakI mAtAoM ne sune the| yadyapi campA bhI bhagavAn kA vihArakSetra thA tathApi usakI varSAvAsa yogya kendroM meM gaNanA nahIM thI / isa kAraNa varSAvAsa bhagavAn ne vApasa mithilA meM jAkara kiyA thA / (15) varSAvAsa utarate hI bhagavAn zrAvastI kI tarapha vicare aura zrAvastI ke koSThakodyAna meM gozAlaka ke sAtha vAdavivAda huA thA / usake bAda meM bhI bhagavAn usI pradeza meM vicare the / chaThe mahIne ve meMDhiyagrAma ke sAlakoSThaka meM sakhta bImAra the / mArgazIrSa mahIne meM bhagavAn para gozAlaka ne tejolezyA DAlI thI aura usake asara se unake zarIra meM jo dAhajvara aura va!vyAdhi utpanna huI thI, vaha jyeSTha mahIne meM parAkASThA ko pahu~cI / Akhira unhoMne siMha anagAra dvArA zrAvikA revatI ke yahA~ se auSadha maMgAkara sevana

Page #32
kiyA aura cha: mahIne ke bAda vaha roga zAnta huA / kucha samaya taka unheM punaH zArIrika zakti prApta karane ke liye bhI vahA~ ThaharanA par3A hogA jabataka ki varSAkAla adhika nikaTa A gayA hogA / vaizAlI-vANijyagA~va abhI taka yuddhabhUmi bane hue the athavA ujaDa cuke the / isa sthiti meM bhagavAn ke varSAvAsa ke liye anukUla kendra mithilA hI ho sakatA thA / isa kAraNa unhoMne meMDhiyagA~va se mithilA kI tarapha prayANa kiyA aura varSAvAsa mithilA meM kiyA, yaha nizcita hai / ___ (16) mithilA se bhagavAn pazcima tarapha ke janapadoM meM vicare / hastinApura taka cakkara lagAkara ve lauTe the / vaizAlI kA yuddha samApta ho gayA thA parantu yuddha ke pariNAma svarUpa vaizAlI kI jo durdazA huI thI, usake kAraNa bhagavAn vahA~ nahIM Thahara sake / yadyapi yuddha ke kAraNa vANijyagrAma bhI kAphI hAni uThA cukA thA, tathApi usake nAgarika jAnamAla kI rakSA ke liye jo idhara-udhara bikhare the, lar3AI ke bAda unameM se adhikatara lauTa gaye the / isa kAraNa bhagavAn ne varSAvAsa vANijyagrAma meM kiyA / __(17) kaI anagAroM kI icchA vipulagiri para anazana karane kI thI aura magadhabhUmi ko chor3e cAra varSa jitanA samaya bhI ho cukA thA ataH 17vA~ varSAvAsa bhagavAn ne magadha ke kendra rAjagRha meM kiyA / (18-19-20) varSAkAla ke bAda bhagavAn campA kI tarapha vicare the, daramyAna gautama ko pRSThacampA bheja sAla mahAsAla ko pratibodha karavAyA / 'ga' caritra ke abhiprAya se bhI bhagavAn isI avasara para campA gaye the aura sAla mahAsAla ko pratibodhita kiyA thA / yadyapi 'ga' caritrakAra kAlAntara meM piTharAdi kI dIkSA kA vidhAna aura gautama ke aSTApadagamana kA nirUpaNa karane ke bAda campA se bhagavAn ke dazArNa jAne kI bAta kahatA hai, parantu hamAre vicAra se piThara Adi kI dIkSA ke pratipAdana karane kA yaha prasaMga nahIM thA / 'ga' svayaM kahatA hai ki piThara Adi kI dIkSAyeM jaba bhagavAn dUsare avasara para campA gaye taba huI thIM, isa se hI siddha hai ki sAla Adi kI dIkSA ke bAda mahAvIra dazArNadeza tarapha gaye the / 'ga' caritra bhI yahI bAta kahatA hai /

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32 yadyapi dazArNa se rAjagRha aura vaizAlI-vANijyagrAma kI dUrI lagabhaga barAbara hI thii| balki vaizAlI se rAjagRha 10-20 mIla najadIka par3atA thA, tathApi pichalA cAturmAsya rAjagRha meM ho cukA thA aura purimatAla, banArasa Adi kSetroM meM vicare khAsA samaya bhI ho gayA thA / isa kAraNa bhagavAn kAzI pradeza meM ho kara videha bhUmi meM gaye / 'ga' caritra ne dazArNabhadra kI dIkSA ke bAda bhagavAn ke janapadavihAra kA aura kAlAntara meM rAjagaha jAne kA likhA hai; parantu hamArA anumAna hai ki dazArNabhadra kI dIkSA ke bAda bhagavAn lagabhaga DhAItIna varSa taka kAzI, kozala, videha, pAJcAla Adi janapadoM meM vicare the aura ke valiparyAya kA 18vA~ 19vA~ aura 20vA~ varSAvAsa bhI vaizAlIvANijyagrAma meM hI kiyA thA / (21) lagabhaga tIna varSa taka madhyapradezoM meM vicarane ke bAda bhagavAn ne apane mukhya kendra kI tarapha prayANa kiyA / samaya bhI ho gayA thA aura kaI zramaNoM kI icchA vipulAcala para anazana karane kI bhI thI; parantu rAjagRha se campA kI tarapha vihAra Age bar3ha jAne ke kAraNa usa sAla anazana to adhika nahIM hue hoMge parantu dIkSAyeM aneka huI thIM / / (22) kaI muniyoM ke kAraNa bhagavAn ne isa varSa bhI rAjagRha ke AsapAsa hI vihAra kiyA / skandhaka kAtyAyana ne isI varSa meM vipulAcala para anazana kiyA thA, jisa samaya ki bhagavAn rAjagRha meM the, aisA bhagavatIsUtra meM lekha hai| (23) rAjagRha-nAlaMdA kA varSAvAsa pUrA hone para bhagavAn ne phira videha kI tarapha vihAra kiyA / kevali-jIvana ke tIsare varSa vANijyagrAma nivAsI Ananda gAthApati ne bhagavAn ke nikaTa zrAddhadharma kA svIkAra kiyA thA, yaha pahale kahA jA cukA hai / Ananda ne bIsa varSa taka nija dharma kA ArAdhana karake anazana kiyA thA aura anazana ke samaya bhagavAn vANijyagrAma ke dUtipalAsa caitya meM padhAre the, aisA upAsakadazAMga meM likhA hai; ata: teIsaveM varSa bhagavAn vANijyagA~va meM the, yaha nizcita hai / isalie usa varSa kA varSAvAsa bhI vahA~ athavA vaizAlI meM kiyA ho to isameM koI zaka nahIM /

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(24) yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki videha meM Ane ke bAda bhagavAn ne eka bAra madhyapradeza meM bhI vihAra kiyA hogA / vaizAlI-vANijyagA~va meM varSAvAsa paryApta ho cuke the; ataH agalA varSAvAsa bhagavAn ne mithilA meM hI kiyA hogA / (25) mithilA kA varSAvAsa vyatIta karake bhagavAn rAjagRha gaye hoMge, kyoMki gaNadhara prabhAsa isI varSa rAjagRha ke guNazIla caitya meM anazanapUrvaka nirvANa ko prApta hue the aura bhagavAn unake pAsa the / isa dazA meM usa varSa kA varSAvAsa bhI vahIM kiyA hogA, yaha bhI nizcita hai / (26) acalabhrAtA aura metArya, ina do gaNadharoM kA chabbIsa varSa ke paryAya meM guNazIla caitya meM nirvANa huA thA; ataH isa sAla bhI bhagavAn isI pradeza meM vicare the aura varSAvAsa bhI magadha ke kendra meM hI kiyA hogA / (27-28) vaizAlI-vANijyagA~va meM varSAvAsa paryApta ho cuke the aura untIsaveM tathA tIsaveM varSa unakI sthiratA rAjagRha meM huI thI, yaha bhI nizcita hai, kyoMki inhIM do varSoM meM bhagavAn ke cha: gaNadhara rAjagRha ke guNazIla vana meM mokSa ko prApta hue the aura usa samaya bhagavAn kA vahA~ honA avazyaMbhAvI hai / ataH sattAIsavA~ tathA aTThAIsavA~, ye do varSAvAsa bhagavAn ne mithilA meM hI kiye hoMge, yaha svataH siddha hai / (29) yaha varSAvAsa rAjagRha meM huA thA, yaha Upara ke vivecana meM kahA jA cukA hai| (30) isa varSa meM bhagavAn magadha meM hI vicare aura varSAvAsa pAvAmadhyamA meM kiyA, aisA kalpasUtra se siddha hai / 4. AdhArastaMbha Upara hamane bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kevali-vihAra kA vivaraNa diyA hai aura usake yathAsaMbhava kAraNa bhI sUcita kiye haiM hama unhIM bAtoM ke samarthana ke liye apanI mAnyatA ke AdhAra-staMbha aura katipaya hetuoM kA svataMtra ullekha kareMge jisa se ki pAThakagaNa ke lie hamArA abhiprAya sugama ho jAya

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34 aura hamArI kahIM bhUla ho to pakar3I bhI jA sake / (1) yoM to bhagavAn mahAvIra ne hajAroM sthAnoM meM vihAra kiyA hogA, parantu sUtroM meM unake bhramaNa sthAnoM ke jo nAma upalabdha hote haiM, unakI saMkhyA bhI eka sau ke Upara hai / ina meM se barAbara Adhe sthAna samUce uttarabhArata meM pUrva se pazcima taka phaile hue the / ina sthAnoM meM pahu~cane ke liye bhagavAn ne paryApta bhramaNa kiyA hogA, yaha nizcita he / (2) zreNika kI mRtyu ke pazcAt magadha kI rAjadhAnI campA meM calI gaI thI aura koNika ne apane bhAiyoM kI sahAyatA se vaizAlI para car3hAI kara ceTaka ke sAtha ghora saMgrAma kiyA thA, jisakA nAma bhagavatIsUtra meM 'mahAzilAkaMTaka' likhA hai / gozAlaka maMkhaliputra ne apanI mRtyu ke samaya jina ATha carimoM kI prarUpaNA kI thI unameM 'mahAzilAkaMTaka' sAtavA~ carima batAyA hai / isa se siddha hai ki vaizAlI kA vaha aitihAsika yuddha gozAlaka kI jIvitAvasthA meM ho cukA thA athavA samApta hone ko thA / (3) gozAlaka ke sAtha vAdavivAda ke samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra apane jIvana ke solaha varSa zeSa rahe batAte haiM / isase siddha hotA hai ki gozAlaka vAlI ghaTanA bhagavAn ke kevalijIvana ke caudahaveM varSa mArgazIrSa mahIne meM ghaTI thI / (4) zreNika kI mRtyu ke bAda unake smArakoM ko dekha-dekha kara koNika kA apane pitA kI mRtyu ke duHkha se dukhita rahanA aura isI kAraNa rAjadhAnI kA vahA~ se haTA kara campA meM le jAnA, halla vihalla ke sukhavihAra se koNika kI paTTarAnI kI IrSyA, bahuta samaya taka upekSA karane ke bAda koNika kA strI haTha ke vaza honA, halla vihalla se secanaka hAthI kA mA~ganA, halla villa kA vaizAlI jAnA, koNika kA ceTaka ke pAsa tIna bAra dUta bhejane ke anantara yuddha kA nizcaya, kAlAdi dasa bhAiyoM ko apanI apanI senAyeM taiyAra kara ekatra hone kI AjJA, sasainya saba kA vaizAlI pahu~canA aura bahukAlaparyanta lar3ane ke uparAnta usakA 'mahAzilAkaMTaka yuddha' yaha nAma prasiddha honA; ina saba kAryoM ke saMpanna hone meM kama se kama cAra varSa avazya For Private Personal Use Only

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lage hoMge, aisA hamArA anumAna hai| yadi hamArA yaha anumAna galata na ho to isakA artha yaha hotA hai ki rAjA zreNika ne bhagavAn mahAvIra kA kevalijIvana dasa varSa ke lagabhaga adhika nahIM dekhA / 5. sAmAnya hetusaMgraha ukta cAra bAteM hamAre kevalivihArakrama ke mukhya staMbha haiM / unhIM ke AdhAra para hamane bhagavAn ke jIvana-caritra kI aneka ghaTanAoM ko vyavasthita kiyA hai, parantu kevala inhIM AdhAroM para hamArI sampUrNa imArata nirbhara nahIM raha sakatI, isaliye hameM anya bhI aneka AdhArabhUta sAmAnya hetuoM kA sahArA lenA par3A hai, jo nIce kI tAlikA se jJAta hoMge (1) meghakumAra kI dIkSA rAjagRha ke prathama samavasaraNa meM huI thI aura bAraha varSa ke bAda unhoMne rAjagRha ke vipula parvata para anazana kiyA / usa samaya bhI bhagavAn rAjagRha meM the / (2) abhayakumAra jaba gRhasthAzrama meM thA taba vItabhaya ke rAjA udAyana kI dIkSA ho cukI thii| (3) udAyana kI dIkSA ke liye bhagavAn ne campA se vItabhaya kI tarapha vihAra kiyA thA / (4) jAli Adi tathA dIrghasena Adi kI dIkSAyeM zreNika ke jIvita-kAla meM huI thI aura unameM se adhikAMza ke anazana kAla meM bhagavAn rAjagRha meM the| __ (5) ArdrakumAra aura gozAlaka kA saMvAda zreNika ke rAjyakAla kI ghaTanA hai| (6) prasannacandra ko kevalajJAna zreNika kI vidyamAnatA meM huA thA / (7) mahAzataka ne zreNika ke rAjyakAla meM mahAvIra ke pAsa gRhasthadharma svIkAra kiyA thA / (8) dhanya zAlibhadra kA anazana zreNika ke rAjyakAla meM huA thA

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aura usa samaya bhagavAn rAjagRha meM the / (9) dhanya kAkandI kA anazana bhI zreNika ke rAjyakAla meM huA thA aura usa samaya bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra rAjagRha meM the / (10) maMkAtI Adi gRhasthoM kI dIkSAyeM zreNika ke jIvitakAla meM huI thIM / (11) campA meM mahacaMdra Adi kI dIkSAyeM huI taba-taka koNika kA vahA~ rAjya nahIM huA thA / (12) jisa samaya vaizAlI meM koNika kA yuddha prArambha huA, usa samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra campA meM the / (13) vaizAlI ke yuddhakAla meM rAjagRha meM halacala thI aura vaizAlI vANijyagrAma yuddhasthala bane hue the ataH una varSoM meM varSAvAsa bhagavAn ne mithilA meM kiye hoMge / (14) rAjagRha se vihAra karake bhagavAn zrAvastI ke nikaTavartI kacaMgalA meM gaye the aura skandhaka kAtyAyana ko pravrajyA dI thI / (15) bAraha varSa ke zramaNaparyAya meM skandhaka ne vipula parvata para anazana kiyA, usa samaya bhagavAn rAjagRha meM the / (16) rAjagRha se campA jAte pRSThacampA bIca meM par3atI thI / (17) Ananda gAthApati ne gRhastha-dharma svIkAra kiyA, usa samaya aura usake bAda bIsaveM varSa bhagavAn vANijya-grAma ke dUtipalAsa caitya (18) kAmadeva ne gRhastha-dharma aMgIkAra kiyA, usake caudahaveM varSa bhagavAn campA nagarI meM the / ___ (19) mahAzataka ke dharmasvIkAra ke bAda bIsaveM varSa bhagavAn rAjagRha meM the /

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(20) bhagavAn ke kevalajJAna ke cauvIsaveM varSa meM prabhAsa, chabbIsaveM varSa meM acalabhrAtA tathA metArya, aTThAIsaveM varSa meM agnibhUti tathA vAyubhUti aura tIsaveM varSa meM vyakta, maMDita mauryaputra tathA akaMpita gaNadhara rAjagRha ke gaNazIla caitya meM nirvANa ko prApta hue the ataH usa samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra vahIM hoMge, yaha nizcita hai / 6. rekhAcitra kI AvazyakatA bhagavAn ke kevalijIvana kA rekhAcitra, isakI upapatti, AdhArastaMbha aura sAmAnya hetusaMgraha kA savistara nirUpaNa karake hama pAThakagaNa ko nIrasa viSaya kI carcA meM nahIM khIMcate / para hamArI kRti ke isa vibhAga kI yojanA bilakula navIna hai| isameM truTi athavA asaMgati kA honA saMbhava hai aura isameM aisA kucha bhI ho to turaMta dUra kiyA jAe, aisI lekhaka kI icchA hai / rahI huI truTi yA asaMgati kA patA tabhI laga sakatA hai jaba ki isakI racanA kA mUlAdhAra khola kara dikhAyA jAya aura usake sAdhaka hetuoM kA bhI digdarzana karAyA jAya / basa yahI kAraNa hai ki hameM isa viSaya meM yahA~ vistAra se likhanA par3A / 7. abhyasta sAmagrI _granthanirmANa meM kisa sAmagrI kA kahA~ upayoga kiyA gayA hai, yaha prAya: pahale kahA jA cukA hai aura jo zeSa hai vaha kevalijIvana ke saMbandha meM hI / hamane yaha yojanA kina-kina sUtroM ke AdhAra se kI hai, usake ullekha vahIM prakaraNoM ke anta meM dI gaI TippaNoM meM kara diye gaye haiM jisase kahIM bhI kucha zaMkA athavA asaMgati jJAta hote hI usa viSaya kA AdhAra grantha dekha kara usakA nirAkaraNa kiyA jA sake / abhyasta sAmagrI ke viSaya meM adhika kahanA nahIM hai / hamArI zraddhA aura ruci kA viSaya mukhyatayA jaina sUtra the, ataH vizeSatayA hamane jaina sUtroM meM hI chAna-bIna kI / vaidika aura bauddha sAhitya meM bhI mahAvIra ke saMbandha meM kvacit ullekha milate avazya haiM, para unakI yahA~ upayogitA nahIM samajhI gaI / Aja taka chape hue hindI, gujarAtI mahAvIra-caritra bhI dekha liye gaye

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38 haiM para una sabako abhyAsa ke rUpa meM nahIM par3hA / vastuta: unakI zailI, bhASA athavA vastu koI bhI cIja hameM acchI nahIM lagI, ata: Adhunika caritroM kA hamane isake nirmANa meM upayoga nahIM kiyA / 8. hamArI pUrvayojanA prastuta grantha kI racanA kA kArya prAraMbha kiyA taba hamArI yojanA kucha bhinna thI / usa samaya hamArA vicAra isa grantha ko carita, saMgha aura pariziSTa nAmaka tIna khaMDoM meM vibhakta karane kA thA aura isa krama se hamane grantha taiyAra bhI kara liyA thA; parantu anta meM hamArA vicAra badala gayA / 'saMgha khaNDa' ko svataMtra grantha ke rUpa meM chapavAne kA vicAra bhaviSya ke Upara chor3a kara caritakhaNDa aura pariziSTa khaNDAtmaka prastuta grantha ko pahale chapavAnA nizcita kiyA / aisA karane ke aneka kAraNa the / pahalA yaha ki tInoM khaNDa eka sAtha chapavAne se grantha bar3ha jAtA, dUsarA samaya adhika nikala jAtA aura tIsarA kAgajoM kI isa mahaMgAI ke samaya meM kharca bahuta adhika bar3ha jAtA; ata: pUrvayojanA meM thor3A sA parivartana karanA par3A hai ! 9. hamArA uddeza ___ isa grantha ke nirmANa kA uddeza jaina sUtroM meM se bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana prasaMgoM ko cuna kara kAlakrama se rakhanA aura isa viSaya ke jijJAsuoM kI jijJAsApUrti karane ke atirikta bhaviSya ke samartha lekhakoM ke liye sAmagrI upasthita karanA hai| Aja se barAbara cAra varSa pahale hamane bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yaha kevali-jIvana kA rekhA-citra 'zrI jaina satyaprakAza' mAsika meM prakAzita karAyA thA / usakA uddeza yahI thA ki isameM koI bhUla athavA asaMgati ho to jJAta ho sake / parantu hamAre isa nibandha ke Upara kisI ne kisI prakAra kI TIkA TippaNI nahIM kI / hA~, zrIsAgarAnandasUrijI ne apane pAkSika patra 'siddhacakra' meM isake saMbandha meM kucha likhanA prAraMbha avazya kiyA thA parantu na mAlUma bAda meM unhoMne bhI Age likhanA kyoM chor3a diyA / carcA na hone ke kAraNa isa viSaya meM hameM navIna sUcanA-sammati kA lAbha to nahIM milA

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39 para phira bhI hamArA vaha rekhAcitra kA prakAzana niSphala nahIM gayA / ___zrI mahAvIra kathA' grantha ke vidvAn sampAdaka zrIgopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela ne apane ukta grantha meM hamArA vahI kevali-jIvana rekhAcitra pUrNarUpa se apanA kara apane grantha kA eka mahattvapUrNa bhAga vyavasthita kiyA hai / yadyapi ukta citra meM raMgapUrti Apane apanI ruci ke anusAra kI hai, tathApi usako jyoM kA tyoM svIkAra karake zrIyuta paTela ne hamAre isa grantha kA mahattva bar3hAyA hai| hameM bahuta saMtoSa hogA yadi anya vidvAn bhI hamArI isa granthokta sAmragI ke AdhAra para bhagavAn mahAvIra kA viziSTa jIvana granthita karane kA zrama kareMge / 10. zailI hamane isa grantha kA Alekhana pratipAdaka zailI meM kiyA hai / jinajina sUtroM meM jo-jo caritAMza mile aura ThIka samajhe gaye unako apanI sAdI bhASA meM utAra kara yathAsthAna rakha diye haiM / jahA~ taka banA sUtroM ke zabdoM meM hI vRttAnta likhA gayA hai tathApi bahudhA saMkSepa karake likhanA par3A hai, kyoMki sUtra-zailI ati vistRta hone se akSarazaH anuvAda karane se bhASAntara bar3ha jAtA aura par3hanevAloM ko bhI nIrasatA kA anubhava hotA / zailI ke viSaya meM hameM aneka vidvAn mitroM kI anekavidha sUcanAe~ milI thIM / kisI kI sammati AlocanAtmaka dRSTi se caritra likhane ke pakSa meM thI to kucha vidvAn purAtattva kI dRSTi se vastu ko pariSkRta karake likhavAnA cAhate the, parantu jaba hamane pAThakagaNa kI dRSTi kA vicAra kiyA to hameM ukta sammatiyA~ acchI hone para bhI vizeSa upayogI pratIta nahIM huIM / hamArA yaha prayAsa kevala AlocakagaNa athavA purAtattvapriya vidvAnoM ke liye hI nahIM para sarva sAdhAraNa ke upayoga ke liye hai ataH zailI svIkAra ke viSaya meM hamane apanI hI samajha se kAma liyA hai / bhinna-bhinna zailI ke aneka caritra grantha par3hane ke uparAnta bhI hamane svasaMmata pratipAdaka zailI ko hI yogya samajhA aura usIke anusAra grantha kA Alekhana kiyA hai / 11. khulAsA zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana prasaMgoM meM se do eka ke viSaya

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meM hamane kucha parivartana kiyA hai jisakA yahA~ para khulAsA karanA Avazyaka hai| (1) siddhArtha vyantara AvazyakaTIkA aura saMskRta-prAkRta sabhI caritra granthoM meM siddhArtha vyantara aura gozAlaka maMkhali putra kA nAmollekha bAra-bAra AtA hai parantu hamane apane isa grantha meM siddhArtha vyantara kA ullekha nahIM kiyA / kyoMki anya sUtroM meM aura AvazyakaniyuktibhASya meM bhI siddhArtha kA nAma nahIM hai / cUNiTIkAkAroM ne siddhArtha vAlA prasaMga bhagavAn ke jIvana ke sAtha kisa uddeza se jor3A hogA, isakA nizcaya karanA kaThina hai / vAstava meM bhagavAn ke lokottara jIvana ke sAtha siddhArtha vAlA prasaMga eka antargaDu kI taraha nirarthaka sA pratIta hotA hai / yadyapi indra ne bhagavAn ke ghora upasargoM ko dUra karane ke liye siddhArtha ko unake sAtha rahane kI bhalAvana kI thI para hama dekhate haiM ki siddhArtha kahIM bhI upasarga dUra karane meM kRtakArya nahIM huA / upasarga haTAnA to dUra rahA, kabhI-kabhI to vaha ulTA bhagavAn ke liye upAdhijanaka ho gayA hai / zUlapANi rAtabhara bhagavAn ko satAtA hai para siddhArtha kA kahIM patA nahIM hai aura jaba vaha thaka kara bhagavAn kA guNagAna karatA hai taba siddhArtha Akara use indra ke nAma se dhamakAtA hai / morAka saMniveza ke bAhara bhagavAn dhyAnArUr3ha hote haiM taba siddhArtha unake mukha se bhaviSya vANiyA~ karake vahA~ logoM kA jamaghaTa lagAtA hai ! aura achandaka ke chidra kholakara bhagavAn ke liye asamAdhijanaka paristhiti utpanna karatA hai / bAraha varSa taka samIpa raha kara bhI do cAra bAra bhojana viSayaka bhaviSyavANiyA~ karake gozAlaka ko niyativAda kI tarapha jhukAne ke atirikta siddhArtha ne mahAvIra kI kucha bhI sevA sahAyatA nahIM kI / taba kyA AvazyakatA hai ki eka bhUta kI taraha siddhArtha ko bhagavAn ke pIche lagAkara unake dhIra vIra jIvana kA mahattva ghaTAyA jAya ? kadAcit yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki chadmasthAvasthA meM bhagavAn mauna rahate the, isaliye gozAlaka ke sAtha vArtAlApa karane vAlA koI dUsarA hI honA cAhiye / isakA bhI hamAre pAsa uttara hai / bhagavAn chadmasthAvasthA meM mauna rahate the, yaha satya hai, tathApi aikAntika nahIM / chadmasthAvasthA meM bhI

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41 bhagavAn kabhI-kabhI saMbhASaNa karate the, yaha bAta zAstra-siddha hai / siddhArthapura se kUrmagrAma jAte samaya tilastaMba ke viSaya meM gozAlaka ne jo prazna kiyA thA, usakA uttara bhagavAn ne hI apane mukha se diyA thA / dekhiye Avazyaka TIkA kI nimnalikhita paMkti "tAhe bhIto pucchati-kiha saMkhittaviulateyalesso bhavati ? bhayavaM bhaNai-je NaM gosAlA chaTheM chaTeNaM aNikkhitteNaM tavokammeNaM AyAvei" (287) ityAdi pramANoM ko dekhate hue yaha kahanA kucha anucita nahIM hai ki bhagavAn kabhI-kabhI bhASaNa avazya karate the aura isI kAraNa se hamane inake caritra meM se siddhArtha kA prasaMga haTAkara siddhArtha se kahalAI gaI bAteM bhagavAn ke hI mukha se kahalAI haiM / (2) bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi dUsarA parivartana hameM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi ke viSaya meM karanA par3A hai| pracalita paramparAnusAra Ajakala bhagavAn kI janmabhUmi pUrva bihAra meM kyUla sTezana se pazcima kI ora ATha kosa para avasthita lacchu-Ar3a gA~va mAnA jAtA hai, para hama isako ThIka nahIM samajhate / isake aneka kAraNa haiM (1) sUtroM meM mahAvIra ke liye "videhe videhadinne videhajacce videhasUmAle tIsaM vAsAiM videhaMsi kaTTa" ityAdi jo varNana milatA hai, isase vaha svataH siddha hotA hai ki mahAvIra videha deza meM avatIrNa hue aura vahIM unakA saMvardhana huA thA / yadyapi TIkAkAroM ne ina zabdoM kA artha aura hI taraha se lagAyA hai, para zabdoM se prathamopasthita 'videha, vaidehadatta, videhajAtya, videhasukumAla, tIsa varSa videha meM (pUre) karake' ina arthavAle zabdoM para vicAra karane se yahI dhvanita hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra videha jAti ke logoM meM uttama aura sukumAra the / eka jagaha to mahAvIra ko 'vaizAlika' bhI 1. sacitra kalpasUtra patra 30 (1) /

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42 likhA hai / isase jJAta hotA hai ki ApakA janmasthAna kSatriyakuNDapura vaizAlI kA hI eka vibhAga rahA hogA / (2) jaba ki bhagavAn ne rAjagRha aura vaizAlI Adi meM bahuta se varSA cAturmAsya kiye the taba kSatriyakuNDapura meM eka bhI varSAkAla nahIM bitAyA / yadi kSatriyakuMDapura jahA~ Aja mAnA jAtA hai vahIM hotA to bhagavAn ke katipaya varSAvAsa bhI vahA~ avazya hI hote, para aisA nahIM huA / varSAvAsa to dUra rahA, dIkSA lene ke bAda kabhI kSatriyakuNDapura athavA usake udyAna meM bhagavAn ke Ane jAne kA bhI kahIM ullekha nahIM hai / hA~, prAraMbha meM jaba Apa brAhmaNakuNDapura ke bAhara bahusAla caitya meM padhAre the taba kSatriyakuNDapura ke logoM kA ApakI dharmasabhA meM jAne aura jamAli ke pravrajyA lene kI bAta avazya AtI hai / / bhagavAn mahAvIra bahudhA vahIM adhika ThaharA karate the jahA~ para rAjavaMza ke manuSyoM kA ApakI tarapha sadbhAva rahatA / rAjagRha-nAlaMdA meM caudaha aura vaizAlI-vANijyagrAma meM bAraha varSAvAsa hone kA yahI kAraNa thA ki vahA~ ke rAjakartAoM kI ApakI tarapha ananya bhakti thI / kSatriyakuNDa ke rAjaputra jamAli ne apanI jAti ke pA~ca sau rAjaputroM ke sAtha nirgrantha dharma kI pravrajyA lI thii| isase bhI itanA to siddha hotA hai ki kSatriyakuNDapura jahA~ se ki eka sAtha pA~ca sau rAjaputra nikale the koI bar3A nagara rahA hogA / taba kyA kAraNa hai ki mahAvIra ne eka bhI varSAvAsa apane janmasthAna meM nahIM kiyA ? isakA uttara yahI hai ki kSatriyakuNDapura vaizAlI kA hI eka bhAga-upanagara thA aura vaizAlI-vANijyagrAma meM bAraha varSA cAturmAsya hue hI the jinase kSatriyakuNDa aura brAhmaNakuNDa ke nivAsiyoM ko bhI paryApta lAbha mila cukA thA / isa paristhati meM kSatriyakuNDa meM jAne Ane athavA varSAvAsa karane saMbaMndhI ullekhoM kA na honA asvAbhAvika nahIM hai / (3) bhagavAn kI dIkSA ke dUsare dina kollAka saMniveza meM pAraNA karane kA ullekha hai / jaina sUtroM ke anusAra kollAkasaMniveza do the-eka vANijyagA~va ke nikaTa aura dUsarA rAjagRha ke samIpa / yadi bhagavAn kA janmasthAna Ajakala kA kSatriyakuNDa hotA to dUsare dina kollAka meM pAraNA

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honA asaMbhava thA, kyoMki rAjagRhavAlA kollAkasaMniveza vahA~ se koI cAlIsa mIla dUra pazcima meM par3atA thA aura vANijyagrAmavAlA kollAka isase bhI bahuta dUra / isase yahI mAnanA tarkasaMgata hogA ki bhagavAn ne vaizAlI ke nikaTavartI kSatriyakuNDa ke jJAtakhaNDa vana meM pravrajyA lI aura dUsare dina vANijyagrAma ke samIpavartI kollAka meM pAraNA kiyA / (4) kSatriyakuNDa meM dIkSA lekara bhagavAn ne karmAragrAma, kollAkasaMniveza, morAkasaMniveza Adi meM vicarakara asthikagrAma meM varSAcAturmAsya bitAyA aura cAturmAsya ke bAda bhI morAka, vAcAlA, kanakakhala Azramapada aura zvetavikA Adi sthAnoM meM vicarane ke uparAnta rAjagRha kI tarapha prayANa kiyA aura dUsarA varSAvAsa rAjagRha meM kiyA thA / ukta vihAra varNana meM do mudde aise haiM jo Adhunika kSatriyakuNDa asalI kSatriyakuNDa nahIM hai, aisA siddha karate haiM / eka to bhagavAn prathama cAturmAsya ke bAda zvetavikA nagarI kI tarapha jAte haiM aura dUsarA yaha ki udhara se vihAra karane ke bAda Apa gaMgAnadI utara kara rAjagRha jAte haiM / zvetavikA zrAvastI se kapilavastu kI tarapha jAte samaya mArga meM par3atI thii| yaha bhUmi-pradeza kozala ke pUrvottara meM aura videha ke pazcima meM par3atA thA aura vahA~ se rAjagRha kI tarapha jAte samaya bIca meM gaMgA pAra karanI par3atI thI, yaha bhI nizcita hai / Adhunika kSatriyakuNDapura ke Asa-pAsa na to zvetavikA nagarI thI aura na udhara se rAjagRha jAte samaya gaMgA hI pAra karanI par3atI thI / isase jJAta hotA hai ki bhagavAn kI janmabhUmi Adhunika kSatriyakuNDa-jo Ajakala pUrva bihAra meM giddhaura sTeTa meM aura pUrvakAlIna prAdezika sImAnusAra aMgadeza meM par3atA hai--nahIM hai, kintu gaMgA se uttara kI ora uttara bihAra meM kahIM thI aura vaha sthAna pUrvokta pramANoM ke anusAra vaizAlI ke nikaTavartI kSatriya- kuNDa hI ho sakatA hai / (3) bhagavAn kI kevalajJAna bhUmi __ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janmasthAna ke saMbandha meM jisa prakAra golamAla huA hai vaise hI kevalajJAna bhUmi ke viSaya meM bhI avazya huA hai /

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44 bhagavAn ko jaMbhiyagA~va ke pAsa RjupAlikA athavA RjuvAlukA nadI ke uttara taTa para kevalajJAna huA thA aura vahA~ se Apa rAtabhara cala kara madhyamApAvA pahu~ce the, jo jaMbhiyA se bAraha yojana arthAt lagabhaga ar3atAlIsa kosa dUra thI / Ajakala bhagavAn kA kevalajJAnotpatti--sthAna hajArIbAga se pUrva meM pArzvanAtha pahAr3a se dakSiNa-pUrva meM dAmodara nadI ke kinAre mAnA jAtA hai, parantu nizcita rUpa se yahI sthAna kevala-kalyANaka bhUmi hai, yaha kahanA sAhasa mAtra hogA; kyoMki dAmodara nadI se pAvAmadhyamA kI dUrI pUrvokta dUrI se bahuta adhika hai / kucha vidvAn AjI nadI ko RjubAlukA kA apabhraMza mAnakara AjI ke nikaTa sthita jamagA~va ko jaMbhiyagA~va mAnate haiM aura vahA~ se madhyamA ko lagabhaga bAraha yojana dUra honA batAte haiM, parantu yaha bAta bhI yuktisaMgata nahIM hai / kyoMki pahale to 'AjI' yaha 'RjubAlukA' kA apabhraMza nahIM, para isI nAma kI prAcIna nadI hai / jaina sUtroM meM isakA 'AjI' aura 'AdI', ina nAmoM se ullekha milatA hai / dUsarA AjI ke taTa se madhyamApAvA kI dUrI ar3atAlIsa kosa kI nahIM, para isase bahuta adhika hai / isa dazA meM bhagavAn ke kevalakalyANaka kA asalI sthAna nizcita karanA kaThina hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bArahavA~ varSAcAturmAsya campA meM vyatIta karake campA se vihAra kara a~bhiyagA~va aura vahI se chammANi hokara madhyamA nagarI pahu~ce the aura madhyamA se phira Apa jaMbhiyagA~va padhAre the / isa prakAra jaMbhiyagA~va, jahA~ para bhagavAn ko kevalajJAna huA thA, campA aura madhyamApAvA ke bIca meM kahIM hogA / Adhunika pAvApurI, jo mahAvIra kI nirvANa bhUmi mAnI jAtI hai, vAstava meM madhyamApAvA hI hai / yahA~ se pUrva kI tarapha pacAsa kosa se kucha adhika dUra campA par3atI thii| campA se vihAra kara bhagavAn ne pahalA mukAma jaMbhiyagA~va meM kiyA aura kevalI hone ke bAda vahA~ se 1. jaMbUddIvedIve maMdarassa pavvayassa dAhiNeNaM gaMgA mahAnadI paJca mahAnadIo samapyeti taMjahA-jauNA saraU AdI kosI mahI (sthAnAGga 21351)

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45 ar3atAlIsa kosa ke lagabhaga dUra avasthita madhyamA pahu~ce the / isase hamArA anumAna to yaha hai ki mahAvIra kI kevala-kalyANaka bhUmi jaMbhiyagA~va tathA RjubAlukA nadI campA ke pazcima pradeza meM madhyamA ke rAste para kahIM honI cAhiye / (4) mahAvIra kI nirvANabhUmi bhagavAn mahAvIra kI nirvANabhUmi ke viSaya meM hameM koI saMdeha nahIM hai| bhagavAn kI nirvANa bhUmi vahI pAvA hai jo vihAra nagara se Agneya koNa meM sAta mIla para purI athavA pAvApurI ke nAma se prasiddha jainatIrtha hai / jaina zAstroM meM isako madhyamApAvA kahA hai, kyoMki pAvA nAmaka tIna nagara theeka gorakhapura jilA meM kuzInArA ke pAsa jahA~ Aja par3araunA ke samIpa 'papaura' nAmaka gA~va hai / dUsarI pAvA rAjagRha ke nikaTa vihAra zahara se dakSiNa-pUrva meM lagabhaga sAr3he tIna kosa para avasthita mahAvIra kI nirvANa bhUmi ke nAma se prasiddha pAvApurI aura tIsarI pAvA hajArIbAga ke AsapAsa ke pradeza kI rAjadhAnI thI / yaha pradeza bhaMgi athavA bhagga nAma se prasiddha Arya deza thA, jisakI gaNanA jaina granthakAroM ne sAr3he paccIsa Arya dezoM meM kI hai| dUsarI pAvA se pahalI pAvA vAyavya aura tIsarI Agneya koNa meM thI / ina donoM ke bIca meM lagabhaga samAnAntara yaha dUsarI pAvA avasthita hone se vaha madhyamA pAvA ke nAma se prasiddha ho gaI thI / jaba ki bauddha granthoM meM tIsarI pAvA kI carcA nahIM hai taba jaina granthoM meM pahalI pAvA kA ullekha dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / yahI kAraNa hai ki saMzodhaka vidvAna do hI pAvAoM kA nirUpaNa karate haiM / jaina aura bauddha sAhitya kA samanvaya karane para pAvA tIna siddha hotI haiM, jo Upara sUcita kI haiM / 12. pAThakagaNa se prArthanA yadyapi pUrva mahApuruSoM ne bhagavAn zrI mahAvIra kA jIvana caritra sUtra tathA caritra granthoM meM likhA hai, tathApi bhagavAn ke mahattvapUrNa tIrthaMkara jIvana zRMkhalAbaddha nirUpaNa unameM nahIM thA / yaha eka akharanevAlI bAta thI / mujhe hI nahIM para aneka mahAvIra ke bhaktoM ko yaha bAta akharatI thI, isaliye

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unakI aise mahAvIra caritra kI mA~ga thI, jisameM bhagavAn zrIvardhamAna svAmI ke tIsa varSa jitane tIrthaMkara jIvana kA kAlakrama se nirUpaNa mila sakatA ho / bAta avazya dhyAna dene yogya thI aura isI kAraNa merA dhyAna isa tarapha sthira huA / isakI siddhi ke liye jaina siddhAntoM kA adhyayana kara bhagavAn ke jIvanaprasaMgoM ko cuna kara ekatra kiyA aura unako yathAsthAna rakhakara bhagavAna ke kevalijIvana ko vyavasthita karane kA yathAzakti parizrama kiyA hai / isameM apUrNatA hai, yaha to maiM pahale hI svIkAra kara letA hU~, parantu isake atirikta kucha asaMgati athavA skhalanA dRSTigocara ho to pAThakagaNa usakI lekhaka ko sUcanA karane kI udAratA kareM, aisI prArthanA hai / harajI-mAravAr3a tA0 21-10-41 kalyANa vijaya

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48 phala kathana 18-19 / dUsarA varSa 20, caNDakauzika pratibodha 22, nAva se gaMgA pAra kara rAjagRha kI tarapha vihAra 22-23, gozAlaka kA svIkAra 24 / tIsarA varSa 25, suvarNakhala kI tarapha vihAra 25, brAhmaNagA~va hokara campA ko gaye aura cAturmAsya vahA~ kiyA 26 / cauthA varSa 26-28, caMpA se kAlAya, pattakAlaya AdisthAnoM meM hote hue kumArAsaMniveza gaye yahA~ gozAlaka ko pApitya mile 2628, kumArA se corAka gaye aura pakar3e gaye 27, cauthA varSAvAsa pRSThacampA meM kiyA 28 / pA~cavA~ varSa 28-30, dariddatheroM ke devala meM rAtrivAsa 28, kayaMgalA se zrAvastI hokara haliDhuka jAkara halidduka vRkSa ke nIce rAtrinivAsa kiyA jahA~ Aga se bhagavAn ke paira jhulasa gaye 28-29, AvattA, corAya hokara kalaMbukA gaye jahA~ kAlahastI ne ba~dhavA kara piTavAyA 29, rAr3habhUmi meM bhramaNa 30, malayadeza ke bhaddilapura meM cAturmAsya 30 / chaThA varSa 30, bhaddilanagarI meM kayali se samAgama, jaMbUkhaMDa hokara taMbAya gaye jahA~ pArvApatya nandiSeNa ke ziSyoM se gozAlaka kA milanA 31, kUpiya saMniveza meM pakar3A jAnA 31, gozAlaka kA judA vihAra 32, vaizAlI hokara grAmAka gaye jahA~ vibhelaka yakSa ne mahimA kI 31, zAlizIrSa ke bAhara kaTapUtanA kA upasarga 31, chaThThA varSAvAsa bhaddiyA meM 32 / sAtavA~ varSa 32, varSAvAsa AlaMbhiyA meM 32 / AThavA~ varSa 32, lohArgalA meM giraphtArI 33, purimatAla hokara rAjagRha gamana aura AThavA~ varSAvAsa rAjagRha meM 34 / navA~ varSa 33, anAryadeza meM vihAra aura varSAvAsa 33,dasavA~ varSa 34, tejolezyA kI sAdhanAvidhi 34, gozAlaka kA

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viSaya-sUcI viSaya pRSTha-saMkhyA prastAvanA 1-46 prAkkathana-17-18, sAmagrI 18-19-20, bhagavAn kA chadmastha jIvana 20, kevali-jIvana kA rekhAcitra 20-25, upapatti 25-33, AdhArastaMbha 33-34, sAmAnya hetusaMgraha 35-37, rekhAcitra kI AvazyakatA 37, abhyasta sAmragI 37-38, hamArI pUrvayojanA 38, hamArA uddeza 38-39, zailI 39, khulAsA 39-40, (1) siddhArtha vyantara 40-41, (2) bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi 41-43, (3) bhagavAn kI kevalajJAna bhUmi 4345, (4) mahAvIra kI nirvANabhUmi 45, pAThakagaNa se prArthanA 45-46 / carita-khaNDa prathama pariccheda 1. gRhastha jIvana 1-13 tatkAlIna paristhiti 1-3, cyavana aura janma 4-8, bAlyAvasthA 8, AmalakI krIDA 8-9, lekhazAlA praveza 9-10, vivAha aura saMtati 10-11, abhiniSkramaNa 7-13 / dUsarA pariccheda 2. tapasvI jIvana 14-46 pahalA varSa 14, morAka se cAturmAsya meM vihAra 15, asthikagrAma meM zUlapANi ke caitya meM sthiratA 16, dasa svapna aura utpala dvArA unakA

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49 tejolezyA sAdhana aura nimittapaThana 34, vaizAlI ke bAhara zaMkha gaNarAja dvArA bAlakoM kA upadrava nivAraNa 36, vANijya ke pAsa nAva dvArA gaMDakI pAra karanA aura nAvika dvArA rokA jAnA 36, Ananda zramaNopAsaka dvArA jJAna samaya kathana 36, dasavA~ varSAvAsa zrAvastI meM 36 / gyArahavA~ varSa 36, sAnulaTThiya saMniveza meM bhadra mahAbhadrAdi pratimA 36, saMgamaka deva ke upasarga 37, polAsa caitya meM rAta bhara meM 20 upasarga 37, tosaligA~va meM phA~sI lagAnA 38, saMgamaka kA jAnA aura gvAlina vRddhA ke hAtha se SaNmAsI tapa kA pAraNA 38-39, zrAvastI meM skanda kI mUrti dvArA satkAra 39, gyArahavA~ varSAvAsa vaizAlI meM 41, pUraNa zreSTha ke ghara cAturmAsika tapa kA pAraNA 40 / bArahavA~ varSa 40, camarotpAta 40, kauzAmbI meM bhikSAviSayaka abhigraha aura candanA ke hAtha se usakI pUrti 41, bArahavA~ varSAvAsa campA meM 42, svAtidatta ke vividha prazna 24-44 / terahavA~ varSa 44, jaMbhiya, miMDhiya hokara chammANi gaye jahA~ gopa ne kAnoM meM kASThazalAkAyeM ThoMkI 44, kASThazalAkAoM kA nikAlanA 45, tapa kI saMkhyA 45, jaMbhiya gA~va ke bAhara RjubAlukA ke taTa para kevala 46 / tIsarA pariccheda 3. tIrthaMkara jIvana 47-213 prathama samavasaraNa RjuvAlukA ke taTa para 47, pAvAmadhyamA ke mahAsena udyAna meM dUsarA samavasaraNa 47, indrabhUti Adi 11 vidvAnoM kA paricaya 48, punarjanma kI siddhi aura indrabhUti gautama kI pravrajyA 5053, karmAtmasaMbaMdha-siddhi aura agnibhUti gautama kI pravrajyA 53-58, zarIrAtirikta AtmA kI siddhi tathA vAyubhUti kI dIkSA 58-62, dvaitasiddhi aura Aryavyakta kI dIkSA 61-62, bhavAntara meM asadRzayonisiddhi aura Arya sudharmA kI dIkSA 63, bandhamokSasiddhi aura For Private Personal Use Only

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gaNadhara maMDika kI dIkSA 64-67, devalokasiddhi aura mauryaputra kI dIkSA 67-69, narakagatisiddhi aura akampika kI dIkSA 69-70, puNyapApa viSayaka zaMkAnirAsa aura acalabhrAtA kI dIkSA 70-71, bhautikavAda kA nirasana tathA metArya kI dIkSA 71, mokSaviSayaka zaMkAnirAsa aura prabhAsa kI dIkSA 72, madhyamA ke samavasaraNa meM brAhmaNoM kI dIkSAyeM aura saMghasthApanA 73, rAjagRha kI ora prasthAna aura upadeza 74, manuSyatva kI durlabhatA 75, dharmazravaNa kI durlabhatA 75, satyazraddhA aura saMyamavIrya kI durlabhatA 75-76, munidharma ke mahAvrata 76, gRhasthadharma ke dvAdazavrata 77 / caudahavA~ varSa 79, videha kI ora vihAra aura RSabhadatta tathA devAnandA kI dIkSA 79-80 / paMdarahavA~ varSa 81, kauzAmbI ke candrAvataraNa caitya meM samavasaraNa, jayantI ke praznottara aura dIkSA 82-86 / solahavA~ varSa 86, kAlaviSayaka paribhASA 86-90 / satrahavA~ varSa 90, vItabhayapattana kA rAjA udAyana 90, campA se vItabhayapattanagamana 90-91, sthalIpradeza meM zramaNoM ko AhAra pAnI kA kaSTa 91 / aThArahavA~ varSa 92, poggala parivrAjaka kI pravrajyA 92-93, cullazataka kA zrAddhadharma-svIkAra 94 / unnIsavA~ varSa 94, rAjagRha meM 23 zreNikaputroM tathA 13 zreNikarAniyoM kI dIkSAyeM 94, ArdrakagozAlaka saMvAda 95-98, Ardrakamuni kA zAkyaputrIya bhikSuoM ke sAtha saMvAda 98, Ardraka kI brAhmaNoM ke sAtha carcA 99-100, Ardraka kA sAMkhyasaMnyAsiyoM ko uttara 100, Ardraka kA hastitApasoM ke sAtha vAda 101, Ardrakamuni dvArA pA~ca sau coroM ko pratibodha aura hasti kA zAnta honA 101 / / bIsavA~ varSa 101, AlabhiyA meM samavasaraNa, RSibhadra pramukha

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zramaNopAsakoM kI devoM ke AyuSya kI carcA 102, kauzAmbI samavasaraNa, mRgAvatI kI dIkSA 103, videha ko prayANa 104 / ___ikkIsavA~ varSa 104, mithilA, kAkaMdI, kAmpilya hokara polAsapura gamana 104-105, AjIvikopAsaka saddAlaputra 104, saddAlaputra ko mahAvIra kA pratibodha 105, gozAlaka dvArA saddAlaputra ke sAmane mahAvIra kI prazaMsA 106-109, saddAlaputra kA ucita AcAra 109 / bAIsavA~ varSa 110-113 pArkhApatyoM ke rAtri-dina kI anantatA parIttatA ke viSaya meM prazna 111-112, loka-aloka Adi ke pahale pIche ke saMbandha meM prazna 112-113, lokasthiti ke saMbandha meM gautama ke prazna 114 / teIsavA~ varSa 114, kacaMgalA ke chatrapalAsa caitya meM samavasaraNa 115, skandaka pravrajyA 115-120 / caubIsavA~ varSa 121, jamAli kA pRthak vihAra 121, pApityoM kI dezanA kA samarthana 121-122 / pacIsavA~ varSa 123, campA meM zreNikapautra padma Adi 10 rAjaputroM kI dIkSA 123 / chabbIsavA~ varSa 123, kRNika kI vaizAlI para car3hAI 124, bhagavAn kA campA kI tarapha vihAra aura kAlI Adi zreNikapatniyoM kI dIkSA 124 / sattAIsavA~ varSa 124. mithilA se zrAvastI ko vihAra 125 / gozAlaka prakaraNa 125 / gozAlaka aura usakI utpatti 125, gozAlaka kA anagAra Ananda dvArA dhamakI bharA saMdeza 128, gozAlaka kA bhagavAn ke pAsa Agamana 128, gozAlaka dvArA AjIvika mata kI nirvANagamanapaddhati kA nirUpaNa 129-132, sunakSatra aura sarvAnubhUti para gozAlaka kA atyAcAra 133, mahAvIra para tejolezyA kA niSphala prayoga 134, nirgranthazramaNoM kI gozAlaka ke sAtha carcA 134-140, gozAlaka

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kA svasthAnagamana aura bImAra honA 138, ayaMpula kA gozAlaka ke pAsa jAnA, gozAlaka ke ATha carima aura ATha jala 137-138, gozAlaka kI sakhta bImArI aura bhikSusaMgha ko aMtima Adeza 139-140, AjIvikoM dvArA gozAlaka kA aMtima saMskAra 140 / zramaNa bhagavAn kI bImArI aura revatI dvArA dI gaI auSadha se nIrogatA 140-143 / jamAli kA matabheda 143 / campA ke pUrNabhadra caitya meM jamAlikA mahAvIra ke sAmane niruttara honA 145, zrAvastI meM DhaMka ne sAdhvI priyadarzanA ko samajhAyA 146 / aTThAIsavA~ varSa 146 / kezI-gautama saMvAda 147-152, zivarAjarSi aura unakA sAta samudraviSayaka jJAna 152-156, zivarAjarSi kI nirgranthadIkSA 156, mokA Adi nagaroM meM vicarane ke uparAnta vANijyagrAma meM cAturmAsya 157 / unatIsavA~ varSa 157, AjIvikoM ke AkSepoM ke saMbandha meM gautama ke prazna 157-158, zramaNopAsaka aura AjIvakopAsaka 158-159 / tIsavA~ varSa 159-160, zAla mahAzAla kI pravrajyA 160 / zramaNopAsaka kAmadeva ke dRSTAnta se zramaNanirgranthoM ko upadeza 160, dazArNabhadra kI dIkSA 161, paMDita somila kI jJAnagoSThI 161 / ikatIsavA~ varSa 165, zramaNopAsaka ambaDa parivrAjaka 165, kAmpilya se vaizAlI ko 167 / battIsavA~ varSa 168, pArkhApatya gAMgeya kI praznaparaMparA 168-170 / tetIsavA~ varSa 171, anyatIrthikoM kI mAnyatA ke saMbandha meM gautama ke prazna 171, zruta aura zIla kI zreSThatA ke viSaya meM prazna 171, jIva aura jIvAtmA ke viSaya meM prazna 172, kevalI kI bhASA ke saMbandha meM prazna 172, pRSThacampA meM gAgali Adi kI dIkSAyeM 173, zramaNopAsaka madduka aura kAlodAyI Adi anyatIrthikoM kI tattvacarcA 173-176 /

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53 cautIsavA~ varSa 176, paMcAstikAya ke viSaya meM anya tIthikoM kA UhApoha 177-178, kAlodAyI kA mahAvIra ke sAtha saMvAda aura pravrajyA 178, indrabhUti gautama aura pArzvApatya udakapeDhAla kA saMvAda 178-185, anagAroM kA vipulAcala para anazana 185 / paiMtIsavA~ varSa 185, vANijyagrAma meM sudarzana zreSThI kI pravrajyA 185- 187, zramaNopAsaka Ananda kA avadhijJAna aura gautama kA mithyA duSkRta 187-188 / chattIsavA~ varSa 188, sAketa nagara meM koTivarSa ke kirAtarAja kI nirgranthapravrajyA 188 - 190, kAMpilya Adi meM vihAra 190 / saiMtIsavA~ varSa 190, anyatIrthikoM ke AkSepaka prazna 191 - 193, anagAra kAlodAyI ke prazna 193 / (1) azubha karma-karaNa viSaya meM 193, (2) agnikAya ke AraMbha ke 194 - 195, aura (3) acitta pudgaloM ke prakAza ke viSaya meM 195 / ar3atIsavA~ varSa 195, anyatIrthikoM kI mAnyatAoM ke saMbandha meM gautama ke prazna 196, (1) kriyAkAla aura niSThAkAla ke viSaya meM 196, (2) paramANuoM ke saMyoga-viyoga ke saMbandha meM 196, (3) bhASA ke bhASAtva ke saMbandha meM 196, (4) kriyA kI duHkhAtmA ke viSaya meM 196, (5) duHkha kI akRtrimatA ke viSaya meM 197, bhagavAn ke uttara 197-198, eka samaya meM do kriyAoM ke viSaya meM 198, nirgranthoM ke devabhava ke bhogasukhoM ke viSaya meM 199, acalabhrAtA aura metArya kA nirvANa 199 / unacAlIsavA~ varSa 200, maNinAga caitya meM gautama ke jyotiSaviSayaka prazna 201 - 201 / cAlIsavA~ varSa 201, videha meM vihAra aura aneka pravrajyAyeM 201 / ikatAlIsavA~ varSa 201, mahAzataka ko cetAvanI 201 - 202, rAjagRha ke uSNajalahUda ke viSaya meM gautama ke prazna 203, AyuSya karma For Private Personal Use Only

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ke viSaya meM 204, manuSyaloka kI mAnavavastI ke saMbandha meM 204, sukha athavA duHkha ke parimANa ke viSaya meM 205, ekAnta duHkhavedanA ke saMbandha meM 206 / bayAlIsavA~ varSa 206, duSSamaduSSama kAla kA bhAratavarSa aura usake manuSya 206-207, apApA ke udyAna meM kAlacakra aura tatkAlIna janasamAja kA svarUpavarNana 207-212, hastipAla kI rajjugasabhA meM bhagavAn kI antima dezanA aura nirvANaprApti 213 / pariziSTa khaNDa prathama pariccheda ziSya saMpadA 217-227 indrabhUti gautama 218-219, agnibhUti gautama 219, vAyubhUmi gautama 220, Aryavyakta 220-221, sudharmA 221-222, maMDika 222-223, mauryaputra 223, akaMpita 223-224, acala-bhrAtA 224-225, metArya 225, prabhAsa 226, ekAdaza gaNadharakoSThaka 227 / pravacana dvitIya pariccheda 228-250 (1) sAmAnya upadeza 228, AtmaviSayaka bhinna-bhinna kalpanAyeM 229, lokaviSayaka dArzanikoM kI kalpanAyeM 229 / (2) niyativAdiyoM kA khaMDana 230, ajJAnavAdiyoM kA khaMDana 230-231, kriyAvAdI-bauddhamata kA khaMDana 232 / __ (3) bhojanadoSoM se karmabandha 232, jagat kI utpatti ke saMbandha meM vividha kalpanAyeM 234, AjIvikoM kI AtmA ke viSaya meM mAnyatA 234 / (4) dharmyazruta; zramaNadharmAcaraNa kA sAmAnya upadeza 234-237,

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dArzanikoM kI mUlazAkhAyeM-kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, vinayavAda aura ajJAnavAda 237-239, puNDarIka dRSTAnta 239-240, dArTAntika svarUpa tajjIvataccharIravAdI, pAJcamahAbhUtika, IzvarakAraNika tathA niyativAdI nAmaka cAra puruSajAta kA nirUpaNa 242-245, puNDarIka kA uddhAraka bhikSu 246 / tRtIya pariccheda bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pUrvabhava 251-261 pahalA aura dUsarA bhava 251-252, balAdhika kI kathA 251252, tIsarA aura cauthA bhava 252-253, marIci kI kathA 253, pA~cavA~ bhava 254, kauzika brAhmaNa aura Antarabhava 254, chaThA aura sAtavA~ bhava 254, puSyamitra aura saudharmadeva 254, AThavA~ aura navA~ bhava 254, agnidyota aura IzAnadeva 254, dasavA~ aura gyArahavA~ bhava 254, agnibhUti aura sanatkumAradeva 254, bArahavA~ aura terahavA~ bhava 254, bhAradvAja aura mAhendradeva 254, caudahavA~ aura pandrahavA~ bhava 255, sthAvaradvija aura brahmadeva 255, solahavA~ aura satrahavA~ bhava 255, vizvabhUti kI kathA 255-256, aThArahavA~ aura unnIsavA~ bhava 258260, tripRSTha kI kathA 259, bIsavA~, ikkIsavA~ aura bAIsavA~ bhava 260, teIsavA~ aura caubIsavA~ bhava 261, priyamitra aura deva 261, pacIsavA~ aura chabbIsavA~ bhava 261, nandana muni kI kathA 261, satAIsavA~ bhava 261, mahAvIra 261 / 262-265 caturtha pariccheda jamAlipravartita bahurata saMpradAya paMcama pariccheda AjIvakamatadigdarzana 266-291

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(1) prAstAvika aura nAmanirukti 266-268, (2) pravartaka aura pravartanasamaya 268-272, (3) dhArmika AcAra 272-277, (4) dhArmika tathA dArzanika siddhAnta 277-283, AjIvaka aura digambara 283-286, AjIvakoM kA itihAsa 286-291, upasaMhAra 291 / SaSTha pariccheda jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 292 jinakalpika 292-293, sthavirakalpika 294-295, digambarAcAryoM kA sthavirakalpa 295-296, matabheda kA aMkura 296299, matabhedAMkura kI navapallavatA 299-301, digambara saMpradAya kA AdipuruSa zivabhUti 301, autsargika aura ApavAdika liMga 301302, zivabhUti ne apavAdarUpa se vastrapAtra kI chUTa dI thI aisA bhagavatI-ArAdhanA Adi prAcIna graMthoM se siddha hotA hai 303-308, matabheda kA pariNAma 308, zivabhUti ke anuyAyI bAda meM yApanIya aura khamaNa kahalAye 308, kundakunda, devanandI Adi kI naI paramparA 313, bhaTTAraka devasena ke mata se zvetAmbarotpatti 314, paM. vAmadeva ke vicAra se zvetAmbaranAmanirukti 316, bhadrabAhu ke dakSiNApatha meM jAne aura zvetAmbaramatotpatti kI digambarokta kathA 317-320, digambarokta dantakathAoM kI mImAMsA 320-324, zvetAmbara vA digambaroM ke saMbandha meM Adhunika vidvAnoM ke vicAra 324-328, zvetAmbara saMpradAya kI prAcInatA 328-333, Adhunika digambara jaina paramparA kI arvAcInatA 333-338, zvetAmbara jaina-Agama aura digambara grantha 338-340, pahale digambara zvetAmbaramAnya AgamoM ko mAnate the 341, bhagavatIArAdhanA, mUlAcAra Adi prAcIna digambaragrantha zvetAmbaramAnya AgamoM ke AdhAra para bane haiM 341-350, digambaragrantha ke likhane kI kathA 351-354, upasaMhAra 354 / vihArasthala-nAmakoSa 359

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prathama pariccheda gRhastha jIvana 1. tatkAlIna paristhiti bhAratavarSa kA jana-samAja dhArmika ADambaroM meM bahuta pha~sa cukA thA, parantu dharma ke maulika tattva pratidina tirohita hote jA rahe the / mUla vaidika dharma 'zrauta dharma' ke nAma se prasiddha thA, upaniSadoM kA adhyAtmavAda aura kapila RSi kA tApatrayanivRtti kA upadeza zukapATha kI taraha raTA jAtA thA para vyavahAra meM ina siddhAntoM kA bahuta kama upayoga hotA thA / ADambarapUrNa yajJakriyAoM kI vidhi meM hI vaidika dharma kI parisamApti mAnI jA rahI thI / brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaizya hI tatkAlIna vaidika dharma ke adhikArI the aura ve hI apane lie 'dvija' zabda kA upayoga kara sakate the / zUdra aura antyaja jAtiyA~ yadyapi pratidina sabhyatA aura dhArmikatA ke nikaTa pahu~ca rahI thIM tathApi vaidika dharmAcArya unake lie dRr3hatApUrvaka dharma ke dvAra banda kie hue the / 1. "atha hAsya vedamupazRNvatastrapu-jatubhyAM zrotrapratipUraNamudAharaNe jihvAcchedo dhAraNe zarIrabhedaH // " gautamadharmasUtram 195 / / artha-veda sunanevAle zUdra ke kAnoM meM sIsA aura lAkha bhara diye jAya~ / veda kA uccAraNa karane para usakI jIbha kATa dI jAya aura yAda kara lene para usakA zarIra kATa DAlanA cAhiye / __ "na zudrAya matiM dadyAnnocchiSTaM na haviSkRtam / na cAsyopadizeddharmaM na cAsya vratamAdizet // 14 // " vAsiSThadharmasUtram / artha-zUdra ko buddhi na de, use yajJa kA prasAda na de aura use dharma tathA vrata kA upadeza bhI na de| .

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra isa vaidika kriyAkANDa ke yuga ne jaina dharma para bar3A bhArI asara kiyA / 23 veM tIrthaMkara zrI pArzvanAtha ke nirvANa ko abhI pUre do sau varSa bhI nahIM hue the phira bhI unake saMgha aura dharma kI sthiti zocanIya ho gaI thii| tatkAlIna vaidika dharma kI kriyAoM aura AcaraNoM ke bhinna-bhinna prabhAvoM se jaina saMgha kisI aMza taka prabhAvita bhI ho gayA thA, phira bhI zrI pArzvanAtha kI ugravihArI sAdhusaMtati abhI ahiMsA kA rakSaNa karane ke liye kaTibaddha thI aura usIke upadeza ke prabhAva se jaina apanA maulika svarUpa TikAye hue the| samaya dharmabhAvanA kA thA, parantu isa bhAvanA ke poSaka dharmAdhikArI bahuta kama raha gaye the / pariNAmasvarUpa bhAvuka bhAratavarSIya prajA kI dhArmika bhAvanAyeM zraddhA, dharma aura sadanuSThAna ke sthAna para andhavizvAsa, hiMsA aura rUDhiyoM kA poSaNa kara rahI thIM / yadyapi bhAratavarSa kI dhArmika pravRtti usa samaya rUDhi aura ADambara kA rUpa dhAraNa kara cukI thI, tathApi isakI tatkAlIna rASTrIya sthiti bahuta kucha saMtoSajanaka thI / aMga, magadha, vatsa, dazArNa, avantI, sindhu Adi aneka deza usa samaya rAjasattAka the tathApi vahA~ kI prajA adhikAra-saMpanna aura sukhI thii| kAzI, kosala, videha Adi aneka rASTra prajAsattAka the / yadyapi ina dezoM meM bhI kahane mAtra ko rAjA hote the tathApi vahA~ kI rAjyavyavasthA pratyeka jAti ke una cune hue nAyakoM ke supurda hotI thI jo 'gaNarAja' ke nAma se pukAre jAte the / deza ke zAsaka pratyeka kAryoM meM ina gaNarAjoM kI sammati lete the aura yuddha jaise prasaMgoM meM to rAjA loga ina gaNarAjoM kI salAha ke binA eka kadama bhI Age nahIM bar3hate the / videha deza kI rAjadhAnI 'vaizAlI' tatkAlIna prasiddha aura samRddha nagaroM meM se eka thI / mithilA kI cirasaMcita samRddhi usa samaya vaizAlI ko prApta thI / usake nivAsI vRjika aura videha yadi deva the to vaizAlI

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gRhastha jIvana unakI amarAvatI thI / haihaya vaMza ke rAjA ceTaka kI chatra-chAyA meM vaizAlI apanI unnati aura khyAti kI carama sImA taka pahu~ca cukI thI / vaizAlI ke pazcima parisara meM gaNDakI nadI bahatI thii| usake pazcima taTa para sthita brAhmaNakuNDapura, kSatriyakuNDapura, vANijyagrAma, karmAragrAma aura kollAka saMniveza jaise aneka ramaNIya upanagara aura zAkhApura apanI atula samRddhi se vaizAlI kI zrIvRddhi kara rahe the / brAhmaNakuNDapura aura kSatriyakuNDapura kramaza: eka dUsare ke pUrva aura pazcima meM the| ina donoM ke dakSiNa aura uttara do-do vibhAga the| donoM nagara pAsa pAsa meM the / inake bIca meM eka udyAna thA jo 'bahusAla caitya' ke nAma se prasiddha thA / brAhmaNakuNDapura kA dakSiNa-vibhAga arthAt dakSiNa brAhmaNakuNDapura 'bahmapurI' kahalAtA thA / usameM adhikAMza bastI brAhmaNoM kI thI / dakSiNa brAhmaNakuNDapura ke nAyaka koDAlagotrIya RSabhadatta brAhmaNa the / inakI strI devAnandA jAlaMdharagotrIya brAhmaNI thI / RSabhadatta aura devAnandA bhagavAn zrIpArzvanAtha ke zAsanAnuyAyI jaina zramaNopAsaka the / kSatriyakuNDapura meM karIba 500 ghara jJAta-kSatriyoM ke the jo saba kSatriyakuNDapura ke uttara vibhAga meM arthAt uttara kSatriyakuNDapura meM base hue the| uttara kSatriyakuNDapura ke nAyaka kA nAma siddhArtha thA / siddhArtha kAzyapagotrIya jJAtakSatriya the aura jJAtakSatriyoM kI adhikatAvAle pradeza ke sarvAdhikArasaMpanna svAmI hone se 'rAjA' kahalAte the / siddhArtha kI rAnI trizalA vaizAlI nagarI ke mahArAja ceTaka kI bahana vAsiSThagotrIyA kSatriyANI thIM / rAjA siddhArtha aura rAnI trizalA bhI tIrthaMkara zrIpArzvanAtha kI zramaNaparamparA ke zramaNopAsaka the / jisa paristhati kA hamane Upara varNana kiyA hai usakA samaya vikrama ke pUrva kI chaThI zatAbdI hai /

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4 2. cyavana aura janma devAdhideva bhagavAn mahAvIra prANata nAmaka kalpa (svarga) se cyuta hokara ( IsvI san pUrva 600 ASAr3ha zuklA SaSThI kI madhyarAtri ke samaya ) brAhmaNakuNDapura meM devAnandA kI kukSi meM avatIrNa hue / kSaNa bhara ke lie jagat anirvacanIya prakAza se udyotita huA aura pRthivI harSa se ucchasita ho gaI / zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra usa rAtri ko devAnandA ne hAthI baila, siMha lakSmI, puSpamAlA, candra, sUrya, dhvajA, kalaza, padmasarovara, kSIrasamudra, deva vimAna, ratnarAzi aura nirdhUma agni----ye 14 padArtha svapna meM dekhe / jAgRta hone para devAnandA ne RSabhadatta se apane svapna - darzana kA phala pUchA / apanI buddhi tathA zAstra ke anusAra svapna- na-darzana kA phala vicAra kara RSabhadatta bole "devAnupriye ! tumane bar3e zubha svapna dekhe haiM / ina svapnoM ke phalAnusAra hameM jJAnI aura vedavedAGgapAraMgata putra kI prApti honI cAhiye aura Aja hI se hamArI sarvatomukhI unnati kA prAraMbha honA cAhiye / " svapnoM kA phala suna kara devAnandA parama Anandita huI / usane bhAvI aura usakI viziSTatAoM ke saMbandha meM suna kara Atma- gaurava kA anubhava kiyA / putra I sukha santoSa aura zAnti meM kSaNoM kI taraha dina bIta rahe the svapradarzana ko 82 divasa ho cuke the aura 83 veM dina kI ThIka madhyarAtri ke samaya devAnandA ne svapna dekhA ki 'mere svapna trizalA kSatriyANI ne curA liye / ' jisa samaya devAnandA ne trizalA dvArA kiyA gayA apane svapnoM kA haraNa dekhA usI samaya trizalA ne ve hI caudaha mahAsvapna dekhe jo pahale devAnandA ne dekhe the / tIrthaMkaroM ke jIva apane pUrvabhavoM meM, khAsa kara pUrva ke tIsare bhava meM, aisI sAdhanA karate haiM ki tIrthaMkara ke bhava meM unake prAyaH puNyaprakRtiyoM For Private Personal Use Only

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gRhastha jIvana kA hI udaya hotA hai aura isalie ve kSatriyakuloM meM hI janma pAte haiM / isa dazA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIva kA devAnandA brAhmaNI ke garbha meM avataraNa eka AzcaryabhUta ghaTanA thI / saudharmendra ko pRthivI para tIrthaMkara ke avatAra se atyanta Ananda huA / usane bhAvI tIrthaMkara kI stuti kI aura hariNaigameSI nAmaka deva ko bulAkara kahA-devAnupriya ! pRthivI para tIrthaMkara kA avatAra huA yaha bar3e Ananda kI bAta huI para vaha avatAra brAhmaNakula meM huA; yaha eka anahonI bAta hai / priya naigameSI ! kucha bhI ho tIrthaMkara kA janma brAhmaNakula meM na huA, na hogA / isalie tuma jAo aura bhAvI tIrthaMkara zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ko devAnandA kI kokha se siddhArtha kSatriya kI bhAryA trizalA kI kokha meM aura trizalA ke putrIrUpa garbha ko devAnandA kI kokha meM rakha do / indra kI AjJA pAkara hariNaigameSI deva ne Azvina badI trayodazI kI madhyarAtri meM manuSya loka meM Akara devAnandA tathA trizalA ko nidrAvaza karake unake garmoM kA parivartana kara diyA / svapnadarzana ke anantara trizalA turanta jaga par3I aura rAjA siddhArtha ke pAsa jAkara apane svapnadarzana kI bAta kahI / rAjA ne apane buddhibala ke anusAra putraprAptirUpa phala batAyA, para ve khuda hI ina mahA svapnoM kA vizeSa phala jAnanA cAhate the ataH inakA AkhirI phalAdeza nimittavettAoM ke mukha se sunane kA nirNaya kiyA / prAta:kAla hote hI siddhArtha ne apane sevakoM ko bulAyA aura AsthAnamaNDapa ko sajAne tathA aSTAGga nimittavettAoM ko bulAne kA Adeza diyA / hamezA kI apekSA usa roja rAjA kucha jaldI uThe the / prAta:kAla nityakarmoM se nivRtta hokara sAmAnta-mantrimaNDala ke sAtha ve AsthAnamaNDapa meM Akara siMhAsana para baiThe / sAmanta-mantrI Adi sabhI yathAsthAna baiTha gaye / rAnI trizalA bhI saparikara Akara yavanikA ke bhItara bhadrAsana para suzobhita huIM / rAjA kA AmantraNa pAkara aSTAGganimittazAstra ke pAraMgata ATha vidvAn

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra rAjasabhA meM Aye aura AzIrvAda Adi ziSTAcAra ke uparAnta yogya AsanoM para baiTha gaye / rAjA siddhArtha phala-puSpAdi se aJjali bhara kara uThe aura bole"vidvAno ! gata madhyarAtri meM sukha kI nIMda sotI huI rAnI gaja, vRSabhAdi caudaha svapna dekha kara jaga gaIM aura usane zeSarAtri vinA soye vyatIta kI / devAnupriya ! isa svapnadarzana kA nizcita phala kyA honA cAhiye so zAstra ke AdhAra se kahiye / " svapnapAThakoM ne svapna saMbandhI saMpUrNa hakIkata suna kara usa para vicAra kiyA / dera taka eka dUsare ke sAtha vicAra vinimaya karake unakA mukhiyA bolA-"rAjan ! bahuta hI zubha svapnadarzana hai / hamAre svapnazAstra meM kula 72 prakAra ke svapna batAye gaye haiM jinameM se gaja, vRSabhAdi 14 mahAsvapna ve hI bhAgyavatI striyA~ dekhatI haiM jinake garbha meM bhAvI cakravartI rAjA athavA dharmacakravartI tIrthaMkara kA avatAra hotA hai / rAnI ne jo ye mahAsvapna dekhe haiM isase nizcita hI savA nau mahIne uparAnta inakI kokha se kisI mahAn cakravartI athavA tIrthaMkara kA janma hogA / " yavanikA ke bhItara baiThI huI rAnI trizalA ne yadyapi phalAdeza acchI taraha suna liyA thA phira bhI rAjA ne unake nikaTa jAkara svapnapAThakoM ke mukha se sunA huA svapna-phala phira sunaayaa| rAnI apane svapnadarzana kA phala suna kara parama saMtuSTa huIM aura bAra bAra svapnoM kA hI smaraNa karatI huI apane sthAna para giiN| rAjA ne bhI svapanpAThakoM ko vipula dAna-dakSiNA dekara bidA kiyA / loka meM tIrthaMkaroM kA avatAra mati, zruta tathA avadhi ina tInoM jJAno ke sAtha hI hotA hai arthAt garbhAvasthA meM hI ve viziSTa jJAnI hote haiM / garbhAvatAra ke sAtaveM mahIne meM mahAvIra ne, 'zArIrika calana spandanAdi se mAtA ko kaSTa na ho' isa vicAra se apane zarIra kA calanAdi bilakula banda kara diyA / parantu mAtA ne apane garbha kI nizcalatA se amaMgala kI kalpanA kI aura socA ki garbhastha bAlaka mRtyu ko prApta ho gayA hai / kSaNabhara meM sArA rAjakuTumba

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gRhastha jIvana zoka sAgara meM DUba gayA / garbhastha bAlaka ne yaha saba apane jJAna se dekhA aura socA-mAtApitA kI saMtAna viSayaka mamatA bar3I prabala hai / abhI jisakA mu~ha bhI nahIM dekhA usake viyoga kI kalpanA se hI ve isa prakAra adhIra ho uThe haiM / yaha soca kara mahAvIra ne garbhAvasthA meM hI pratijJA kI ki 'mAtA-pitA kI jIvitAvasthA meM maiM pravrajyA grahaNa nahIM karU~gA / ' jaba se bhagavAn mahAvIra rAjA siddhArtha ke kula meM avatIrNa hue tabhI se rAjA kI rAjasattA bar3hane lagI, unake bhANDAgAra dhana-dhAnya se bharapUra hone lage aura saba prakAra se jJAtavaMza kI unnati hone lagI / isa abhyudaya ko dekha kara siddhArtha aura trizalA ne nizcaya kiyA ki 'yaha saba vRddhi hamAre garbhastha putra ke puNyapratApa kA phala hai isaliye janma hone para hama isa putra kA nAma vardhamAna rakheMge / ' IsavI san pUrva 599 caitra sudI 13 kI madhyarAtri meM rAnI trizalA kI puNyakukSi se zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA kSatriyakuNDapura meM janma huaa| isa pavitra AtmA ke prAdurbhAva se kevala kSatriyakuNDapura hI nahIM, kSaNa bhara ke lie samasta saMsAra lokottara prakAza se prakAzita ho gayA aura rAjA siddhArtha ne hI nahIM saMsAra bhara ke prANigaNa ne anirvacanIya Ananda kA anubhava kiyA / janma ke samakAla hI svarga ke indrAsana kaMpita hue / indra, devagaNa tathA devakumAriyoM ne kSatriyakuNDapura meM Akara isa pavitra vibhUti ke janmotsava kA Ananda liyA / rAjA siddhArtha ne nagara meM dasa dina taka utsava manAyA / prajA ke Ananda aura utsAha kI sImA nahIM rahI / sarvatra dhUma maca gaI / sArA nagara utsava aura Ananda kA sthAna bana gayA / bArahaveM dina nAmakaraNa saMskAra saMpanna huA / rAjA siddhArtha ne isa prasaMga para apane jJAtijana, kuTumba-parivAra aura mitra tathA snehiyoM ko Amantrita kiyA aura bhojana, tAmbUla, vastra, alaMkAroM se saba kA satkAra kara unake Age apanA manoratha vyakta karate hue rAjA ne kahA--'bhAiyo, jaba se yaha

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra bAlaka hamAre kula meM avatIrNa huA hai taba se hamAre kula meM dhana, dhAnya, koza, koSThAgAra, bala, parijana aura rAjya kI vRddhi ho rahI hai tathA sAmanta rAjA svayaM hamAre vaza meM A gaye haiN| isa kAraNa hamane pahale hI nizcaya kara liyA thA ki hama isa putra kA nAma 'vardhamAna' rakkheMge / hamAre ve cirasaMcita manoratha Aja pUrNa hue haiM / hama isa bAlaka kA nAma vardhamAna rakhate haiN|" 3. bAlyAvasthA kumAra vardhamAna kI bAlyAvasthA rAjakumArocita vaibhavasaMpanna thI / yadyapi rAjA siddhArtha kA uttarAdhikArI kumAra nandivardhana thA tathApi rAjA siddhArtha ke liye kumAra vardhamAna yuvarAja se bhI adhika the / svapnapAThakoM ne cakravartI rAjA athavA dharmatIrthaMkara hone kA jo bhaviSya kathana kiyA thA use yAda karate hue siddhArtha aura rAnI trizalA apane isa choTe putra ko adhika bhAgyazAlI samajhate the / pA~ca dhAtriyA~, bAlamitra, naukara-anucara aura anyAnya sabhI sukha sAdhana vardhamAna ke lie prastuta kiye gaye the / vardhamAna bAlyakAla se hI viveka, vicAra, ziSTatA aura gAmbhIryAdi aneka guNoM se alaMkRta the / apane ina vRddhocita viziSTa guNoM se apane samavayaska mitroM ko hI nahIM bar3e bar3e samajhadAra vRddhapuruSoM ko bhI cakita kara dete the / jAtismaraNAdi alaukika jJAnoM ke kAraNa Apa kA hRdaya pUrvabhavAbhyasta samagra zAstrIya jJAna tathA vidyAoM se Alokita thA / yaha saba hote hue bhI gambhIratA ke kAraNa ApakI ina viziSTatAoM ko koI samajha nahIM pAtA thA / yadyapi kumAra vardhamAna kI bAlyAvasthA meM aneka camatkArapUrNa ghaTanAe~ huIM tathApi AmalakI krIDA aura lekhazAlA gamana ye do ghaTanAe~ vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / 4. AmalakI krIr3A __ vardhamAna kI avasthA ATha varSa se kucha kama thI / ve apanI mitramaNDalI ke sAtha zahara ke bAhara 'AmalakI' nAmaka khela khela rahe the / usa samaya indra dvArA prazaMsita vardhamAna kumAra ke bala, dhairya aura sAhasa kI

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gRhastha jIvana parIkSA karane kI icchA se eka deva vikarAla sarpa ke rUpa meM vahA~ prakaTa haA / aura krIr3AvRkSa ke mUla ko lipaTa kara phaMkArane lagA / isa dRzya se vardhamAna ke saba mitra bhayabhIta hue para vardhamAna jarA bhI nahIM Dare / ve sarpa kI ora Age bar3he aura sA~pa ko apane hAtha se pakar3a kara dUra pheMka diyA / phira khela zurU huA / aba kI vAra do do lar3ake 'tidUsaka' khela khelane lage / do do ke bIca khela hotA aura hArane vAlA apanI pITha para vijetA ko car3hA kara daur3atA / sarparUpadhArI deva samajha gayA ki usakI vibhISikA kA vardhamAna para kucha bhI asara nahIM huA / aba vaha kizorarUpa dhAraNa karake unake sAtha khelane lagA / kSaNa bhara meM kumArarUpadhArI deva apane harIpha vardhamAna se hAra gayA aura zarta ke anusAra vardhamAna kumAra ko apanI pITha para lekara daur3ane lagA / vaha daur3atA jAtA thA aura apanA zarIra bar3hAtA jAtA thA / kSaNa bhara meM vaha sAta tAr3a jitanA U~cA pizAca bana gayA / vardhamAna ne isa mAyA ko turanta jAna liyA aura z2ora se usakI pITha para eka ghUsA jamA diyA / vardhamAna kA vajrasama muSTiprahAra mAyAvI deva saha nahIM sakA ata: vaha sikur3a kara apane svAbhAvika rUpa ko prApta huA / aba deva ko vizvAsa ho gayA ki vardhamAna kA sAhasa aura sAmarthya sacamuca hI prazaMsanIya hai / vaha prakaTa hokara bolA-"vardhamAna ! sacamuca hI tuma 'mahAvIra' ho / avazya hI tumhArA sAhasa aura sAmarthya indra kI prazaMsA ke yogya hai / kumAra ! maiM tumhArA parIkSaka banakara AyA thA aura prazaMsaka banakara jAtA huuN|" deva calA gayA para usake mukha se nikalA huA 'mahAvIra' zabda vardhamAna ke nAma kA sadA ke liye vizeSaNa ho gayA / kumAra vardhamAna bAlyAvasthA se hI kaise gaMbhIra the isa bAta ko samajhane ke liye unake lekhazAlA praveza kA prasaMga vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / 5. lekhazAlA praveza kumAra vardhamAna bAlyAvasthA se hI kaise gaMbhIra the isa bAta ko samajhane

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke lie unake lekhazAlA praveza kA prasaMga vizeSa ullekhanIya hai vardhamAna alaukika jJAna aura vidyAoM ke prakANDa vidvAna the parantu inakI gambhIratA ke kAraNa unake mAtA-pitA taka bhI unakI vidvattA ke saMbaMdha meM kucha bhI nahIM jAna pAye isIliye unhoMne ATha varSa pUre hote hI apane priya putra ko vidyAdhyayana karAne ke lie lekhazAlA meM bhejane kA nizcaya kiyA aura zubha tithikaraNa-yoga meM mahotsavapUrvaka eka vidyArthI ke rUpa meM unheM lekhazAlA meM bhartI kiyA / ThIka usI samaya svarga ke indra ko isakA patA lagA / bAlaka vardhamAna kI gaMbhIratA aura unake mAtA-pitA kI mugdhatA ko dekha kara indra ko bar3A Azcarya huA / tatkAla usane vRddha brAhmaNa ke rUpa meM kSatriyakuNDapura kI ora prayANa kiyA aura usa lekhazAlA meM jAkara vardhamAna se vyAkaraNa viSayaka aneka prazna pUche jinake unhoMne spaSTa aura ThIka uttara die / kumAra ke vidvattApUrNa uttaroM se pAThazAlA kA adhyApaka cakita ho gayA / vaha apane zaMkAsthaloM ko yAda kara ku~vara se pUchane lagA / ku~vara ne bhI praznoM ke hote hI usakI saba zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna kara diyA / adhyApaka ke Azcarya kA ThikAnA na rahA / vaha AzcaryapUrNa dRSTi se vardhamAna aura vRddha kI tarapha dekhane lagA / usa samaya vRddharUpadhArI indra bolA"devAnupriya ! isa rAjakumAra ko tuma sAdhAraNa bAlaka na samajho / yaha bAlaka vidyA kA sAgara aura jJAna kA nidhi hai / isa kA samakakSa isa deza meM to kyA bhAratavarSa meM bhI nahIM milegA / sajjano ! ise sAdhAraNa manuSya na samajho / yaha jJAnI hai jo Age jAkara eka mahAn dharmatIrthaMkara hokara isa bhAratavarSa kA uddhAra karegA / " yaha kahakara usane apanA svarUpa prakaTa kiyA aura vardhamAna ko namaskAra kara antardhAna ho gayA / - aba vardhamAna ke mAtA-pitA aura parijanagaNa kumAra kI vizeSatAoM ko samajha pAe aura usI kSaNa unheM vApasa apane ghara le gaye / 6. vivAha aura saMtati vardhamAna kI bAlyAvasthA vyatIta hone para samaravIra nAmaka eka

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gRhastha jIvana mahAsAmanta kI putrI 'rAjakumArI yazodA' ke sAtha unakA vivAha huA aura usase unake 'priyadarzanA' nAmaka putrI bhI huI / 7. abhiniSkramaNa kumAra vardhamAna svabhAva se hI vairAgyazIla aura ekAntapriya the| unhoMne mAtA-pitA ke dAkSiNya se gRhavAsa svIkAra kiyA / isase jaba ve 28 varSa ke hue aura mAtA-pitA kA dehAnta ho gayA to unakA mana pravrajyA ke lie utkaNThita ho uThA / unhoMne apane jyeSTha bhrAtA nandivardhana aura itara svajanavarga 1. digambara saMpradAya mahAvIra ko 'avivAhita' mAnatA hai jisakA mala AdhAra zAyada zvetAmbara saMpradAya sammata Avazyakaniyukti hai / usameM jina pA~ca tIrthaMkaroM ko 'kumArapravajita' kahA hai unameM mahAvIra bhI eka hai / yadyapi pichale TIkAkAra 'kumArapravrajita' kA artha 'rAjapada nahIM pAe hue' aisA karate haiM parantu Avazyakaniyukti kA bhAva aisA nahIM mAlUma hotA / niyuktikAra 'grAmAcAra' zabda kI vyAkhyA meM spaSTa likhate haiM ki 'kumArapravrajitoM ko chor3a anya tIrthaMkaroM ne bhoga bhoge / ' (gAmAyArA visayA te bhuttA kumArarahiehi) isa vyAkhyA se yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki AvazyakaniyuktikAra ko 'kumArapravrajita' kA artha 'kumArAvasthA meM dIkSA lenevAlA' aisA abhipreta hai / isI niyukti athavA isa para se bane hue digambara saMpradAyamAnya kisI anya grantha ke AdhAra para digambara sampradAya meM mahAvIra ke kaumArya jIvana kI mAnyatA cala par3I mAlUma hotI hai / zvetAmbara granthakAra mahAvIra ko vivAhita mAnate haiM aura usakA mUla AdhAra 'kalpasUtra' hai| usameM mahAvIra kI strI aura unakI putrI ke nAmoM kA ullekha milatA hai / kalpasUtra ke pUrvavartI kisI sUtra meM mahAvIra ke gRhasthAzrama kA athavA unakI bhAryA yazodA kA varNana hamAre dRSTigocara nahIM huA / mahAvIra ne 28 veM varSa ke bAda ghara meM raha kara do varSa saMyamI jIvana bitAyA aise ullekha aneka sthaloM meM milate haiM aura Azcarya nahIM yadi usake bhI bahuta pahale se ve brahmacArI bane hue hoM kyoMki dIkSAkAla meM yA Age pIche kahIM bhI yazodA kA nAmollekha nahIM milatA / yadi taba taka yazodA jIvita hotI to mahAvIra kI bahana tathA putrI kI hI taraha vaha bhI pravrajyA letI athavA anya rUpa se usakA nAmollekha pAyA jAtA / saMbhava hai ki yazodA alpajIvI ho aura usake dehAvasAna ke bAda mahAvIra brahmacArI rahane se brahmacArI ke nAma se prasiddha ho gaye hoM aura usI prasiddhi ne kAlAntara meM mahAvIra ko 'kumArapravajita' ke rUpa meM prasiddha kiyA ho / kucha bhI ho para itanA to nizcita hai ki mahAvIra ke avivAhita hone kI digambara saMpradAya kI mAnyatA bilakula nirAdhAra nahIM hai|

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke Age apanA manobhAva prakaTa kiyA / svajanavarga ne kahA-'bhAI, ghAva para namaka na chir3ako / abhI mAtA-pitA ke viyoga kA duHkha to bhUle hI nahIM ki tuma bhI chor3ane kI bAta karane lage / bhAI, jaldI na karo / abhI kucha samaya taka Thaharo / ' vardhamAna--'kaba taka ?' svajana-'kama se kama do varSa taka / ' vardhamAna-'acchA, para Aja se mere nimitta kucha bhI AraMbha-samAraMbha na karanA / __svajanavarga ne vardhamAna kI bAta maMjUra kI aura vardhamAna gRhastha veSa meM rahate hue bhI tyAgI jIvana bitAne lage / apane lie bane hue bhojana, pAna yA anya bhogasAmagrI kA bilakula upayoga na karate hue ve sAdhAraNa bhojanAdi se apanA nirvAha karane lage / brahmacAriyoM ke liye vajita tela-phulela, mAlya-vilepana aura anya zaMgArasAdhanoM ko unhoMne pahale hI chor3a diyA thA / gRhastha hokara bhI ve sAdagI aura saMyama ke Adarza bane hue zAntimaya jIvana bitAte the / antima varSa meM vardhamAna ne apanA vizeSa lakSya dIna dukhiyoM ke uddhAra meM lagAyA / pratidina prAta:kAla se hI Apa suvarNadAna karane lagate aura paharabhara meM eka karor3a ATha lAkha dInAroM kA dAna kara DAlate / varSabhara meM araboM suvarNa muharoM kA dAna kara anta meM abhiniSkramaNa karane kA nizcaya kiyA / abhiniSkramaNa kA saMkalpa karate hI nau lokAntika deva vahA~ upasthita hue aura vardhamAna ke nizcaya kA anumodana karate hue bole-'zrImAn tumhArI jaya ho ! kalyANakArin, tumhArI jaya ho ! he kSatriyazreSTha, tumhArA jayakalyANa ho / he jagat ke svAmI, aba Apa jaldI dharmatIrtha kA pravartana kIjiye jisase sarvajIvoM kA sukha aura kalyANa ho / ' suvarNa, rUpya, dhana, dhAnya, strI, parivAra, rAjya aura rASTra saba pratibandhoM para se vardhamAna ne mana khIMca liyA aura mArgazIrSa kRSNA 10mI ko dina ke

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gRhastha jIvana 13 cauthe pahara 'candraprabhA' pAlakI meM baiTha kara rAjabhavana se nikale / rAjakuTumba, rAjyAdhikArI, caturaMgiNI senA ke atirikta hajAroM nAgarikoM ne ApakA anugamana kiyA / kSatriyakuNDapura ke bAhara IzAna-dizA vibhAga meM 'jJAtakhaNDa' nAmaka udyAna thA / vardhamAna ke dIkSAmahotsava kA julUsa isI jJAtakhaNDa meM pahu~ca kara eka azoka vRkSa ke samIpa rukA / vardhamAna pAlakI se utare aura azoka vRkSa ke nIce vastrAbhUSaNoM ko tyAga kara svayaM paMJcamuSTika kezaloca kiyA / eka devadUSya vastra bAyeM kaMdhe para rakha kara bhAvI jIvanacaryA kI kaThina pratijJA karane ke lie taiyAra hue| uttarAphAlgunI nakSatra ke sAtha candra kA yoga thA / vijaya nAmaka muhUrta vartamAna thA / aise suvrata dina ke cauthe pahara ko vairAgI vardhamAna ne siddhoM ko namaskAra kara apane bhAvI jIvana kA digdarzana karAnevAlI yaha pratijJA kI 'maiM samabhAva ko svIkAra karatA hU~ aura sarva sAvadya-yoga kA tyAga karatA hU~ / Aja se jIvana paryanta, mAnasika, vAcika tathA kAyika sAvadyayogamaya AcaraNa na svayaM karU~gA, na karAU~gA aura na karate hue kA anumodana karU~gA / pahale ke sAvadha AcaraNa se nivRtta hotA hai, usase ghRNA karatA hU~ aura apane pUrvakAlIna sAvadyajIvana kA tyAga karatA hU~ / ' ___ ukta pratijJApUrvaka sarvavirati-cAritra ko svIkAra karate hI bhagavAn vardhamAna ko 'mana:paryAya' jJAna prApta huA / kezaloca kara devadUSya vastra kaMdhe para rakha kara 'sAmAyika' kI pratijJA karate samaya kumAra vardhamAna ke pAsa eka brAhmaNa AyA aura AzIrvAda pUrvaka bolA-'jaya ho, rAjakumAra kI jaya ho / Apake suvarNa dAna ne pRthivIbhara kA dAridraya dUra kara diyA para isa bhAgyahIna brAhmaNa ko usase lAbha nahIM huA / maiM paradeza se isI samaya AyA hU~, isa garIba brAhmaNa para bhI kucha dayA ho jAya / ' brAhmaNa kI prArthanA para bhagavAn ne devadUSya ke do Tukar3e kara AdhA use de diyA /

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dUsarA pariccheda tapasvI-jIvana 1. pahalA varSa (vi0 pU0 512-511) rAjakumArocita sukha-vaibhavoM meM pose pale jJAtaputra vardhamAna ne mahAvIrocita antima koTi kI duSkara jIvana-caryA aMgIkAra kii| rAjyavaibhava, deza-nagara aura kuTumba-parivAra ko tRNavat chor3akara Apane tyAgI jIvanazrAmaNya ko svIkAra kiyA aura bhAI-baMdhuoM se antima bidA le jJAtakhaNDa se Age vihAra kara gaye / jJAtakhaNDa se calakara eka muhUrta dina zeSa rahate bhagavAn karmAragrAma pahu~ce aura rAtri vahIM bitAne ke vicAra se kAyotsarga meM sthira ho gaye / saMdhyA ke samaya vahA~ eka gvAlA bailoM ke sAtha AyA aura bailoM ko vahIM chor3a gA~va meM calA gayA / jaba vaha kArya se nivRtta ho gA~va se lauya to baila vahA~ nahIM the / dhyAnasthita bhagavAn ke pAsa jAkara usane pUchA'devArya ! kyA Apa jAnate haiM ki yahA~ se baila kahA~ gaye haiN|' mahAvIra kI tarapha se gopa ko koI uttara nahIM milA / usane socA-devArya ko mAlUma na hogA / vaha calA gayA aura bailoM kI khoja meM rAta bhara jaMgala meM bhaTakatA rahA para use baila na mile / sArI rAta ghUmaphira kara gvAlA rAtri ke antima bhAga meM vahA~ lauTA to bhagavAna ke nikaTa baila baiThe dekhakara vaha mahAvIra para jhallA kara bolA'bailoM kI bAta jAnate hue bhI tumane mujhe sArI rAta bhaTakAyA hai' aura hAtha meM rAsa lie vardhamAna ko mArane ke lie daur3A para usake pA~va vahIM stabdha

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tapasvI-jIvana 15 ho gaye / usI samaya vahA~ indra prakaTa hokara bolA- 'durAtman ! tujhe itanA bhI mAlUma nahIM ki ye rAjA siddhArtha ke dIkSita putra vardhamAna haiM / ' isake pazcAt bhagavAn ko vandana kara indra ne kahA--'bhagavAn ! bAraha varSa taka Apako vividha upasarga honevAle haiM ataH AjJA dIjiye ki tabataka maiM ApakI sevA meM rahakara kaSTa nivAraNa kiyA karU~ / ' indra kI prArthanA kA uttara dete hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA'devendra ! yaha kabhI nahIM huA aura na hogA / arhanta devendra yA asurendra kisI ke sahAre kevalajJAna nahIM pAte kintu apane hI udyama, bala, vIrya aura puruSArtha se kevalajJAna pAkara nirvANa ko prApta hue haiM, hote haiM, aura hoMge / dUsare dina bhagavAn ne karmAragrAma se Age vihAra kiyA aura kollAga saMniveza jAkara 'bahula' brAhmaNa ke yahA~ kSIrAna se cha? tapa kA pAraNA kiyA / kollAga saMniveza se bhagavAn ne morAka saMniveza kI tarapha prayANa kiyA aura morAka ke bAhara dUijjanta nAmaka pASaNDasthoM ke Azrama meM gaye / vahA~ kA kulapati rAjA siddhArtha kA mitra thA aura mahAvIra kA paricita / ata: mahAvIra ko dekhate hI vaha uThA aura donoM ne hAtha milAyA / kulapati ke Agraha se usa dina bhagavAn vahIM Thahare / dUsare dina calate samaya kulapati ne kahA-'kumAra ! yaha Azrama dUsare kA na samajhiye / kucha samaya yahA~ Thahara kara ise bhI pavitra kIjiye / kama se kama AgAmI varSAvAsa to yahIM bitAne kI svIkRti dIjiye / ' kulapati kI prArthanA svIkAra kara mahAvIra vahA~ se vihAra kara gaye aura zIta tathA uSNakAla AsapAsa ke pradeza meM vyatIta kara varSA Rtu ke prAraMbha meM phira usI Azrama meM pahu~ce aura kulapati ke batAye hue eka jhoMpar3e meM rahane lge| yadyapi kulapati ke Agrahavaza bhagavAn ne varSAkAla Azrama meM bitAnA svIkAra kara liyA thA para kucha samaya rahane para unheM jJAta ho gayA ki yahA~ para unheM zAnti na milegI / Apa saba taraha se nivRtti meM rahanA cAhate the parantu AzramavAsiyoM kI pravRttiyA~ usase bilakula viparIta thIM / jisa jhoMpar3e

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra meM Apako ThaharAyA gayA thA usakA mAlika jhoMpar3e kI dekhabhAla aura rakSA ke liye Apako bArabAra cetAtA aura TokA karatA para Apa usa ora lakSya nahIM dete the / ghAsa kI kamI se gAe~ jhoMpar3e kI ghAsa carA karatI aura isakI zikAyata kulapati taka pahu~catI / eka bAra kulapati khuda bhI Apako sUcita karatA huA bolA-'kumAra ! eka pakSI bhI apane ghoMsale kA rakSaNa karatA hai aura tuma kSatriyaputra hokara bhI apane Azraya sthAna kI rakSA nahIM kara sakate ?' AzramavAsiyoM ke isa vyavahAra se vardhamAna kA vahA~ se dila uTha gayA / unhoMne socA-'aba merA yahA~ rahanA AzramavAsiyoM ke liye aprItikara hogA' / isalie varSAkAla ke paMdraha dina vyatIta ho jAne para bhI vahA~ se asthikagrAma kI ora prayANa kiyA aura varSAkAla vahIM pUrA kiyA / ukta ghaTanA ne mahAvIra ke citta para bar3A prabhAva DAlA / pariNAmasvarUpa unhoMne nimnalikhita pratijJAyeM kI (1) aba se aprItikara sthAna meM nahIM rahU~gA / (2) nitya dhyAna meM lIna rahU~gA / / (3) nitya mauna rahU~gA / (4) hAtha meM bhojana karU~gA / (5) gRhastha kA vinaya nahIM karU~gA / asthikagrAma ke parisara meM zUlapANi nAmaka vyantara deva kA caitya thA / bhagavAn vahA~ gaye aura vahA~ Thaharane ke liye pUjaka se AjJA mA~gI para pUjaka ne yaha adhikAra grAma kA batAyA / usa samaya grAmajana bhI vahIM ikaTThe hue the / bhagavAn ne unase caitya meM Thaharane kI AjJA mA~gI to logoM ne kahA'mahArAja ! ApakA yahA~ rahanA khataranAka hai / yaha zUlapANi deva koI sAdhAraNa deva nahIM ki Apa isake maMdira meM Thahara kara sakuzala raha sakeM / dina meM hI manuSya yahA~ raha sakatA hai, bhUla kara bhI yadi vaha rAta ko yahA~ raha jAya to usakI kuzala nahIM / krodha kI pratimUrti yaha zUlapANi rAta meM yahA~ ThaharanevAle ko bar3I nirdayatApUrvaka mAra DAlatA hai / isa kAraNa rAtrivAsa ke

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tapasvI-jIvana 17 lie Apa koI dUsarA sthAna dekhie / ' grAmajanoM kA abhiprAya suna kara mahAvIra ne kahA-'isa bAta kI tuma kucha bhI cintA na karo / hameM kevala AjJA cAhiye / ' isa para unameM se eka ne kahA-'Apa yahA~ raha sakate haiN| mahAvIra ne kahA- 'mujhe sAre gA~va kI AjJA cAhie kyoMki sAre gA~va kA hI isa caitya para svAmitva hai|' taba upasthita janatA ne AjJA pradAna kI aura Apane caitya ke eka kone meM jAkara dhyAna lagAyA / sUryAsta ke pahale-pahale saba loga vahA~ se cale gaye / pUjaka ne mahAvIra se kahA-'devArya ! aba Apa bhI jAiye / yahA~ raha kara vyartha prANoM ko saMkaTa meM na ddaaliye|' paraMtu mahAvIra ne isakA kucha bhI uttara nahIM diyA / pUjaka calA gayA / bhagavAn caitya ke eka kone meM khar3e dhyAna meM magna the / zUlapANi ne mahAvIra kI isa nirbhayatA ko dhRSTatA samajhA / mana hI mana kur3hatA huA vaha bolA--'kaisA DhITha manuSya hai ! gA~vavAloM ne samajhAyA, pUjaka ne cetAyA, phira bhI yahA~ se nahIM haTA ! ThIka hai / samaya hone do / abhI ise dikhA dUMgA ki bhalemAnasoM kI bAta na mAnanevAloM kI kyA dazA hotI hai / ' kSaNa bhara meM saMdhyA huI aura yakSa ne apanA parAkrama dikhAnA zuru kiyA / sarvaprathama usane eka atibhayaMkara aTTahAsa kiyA jisakI AvAja se sArA jaMgala gUMja uThA / gA~va meM sote hue manuSyoM kI chAtiyA~ dhar3akane lagIM aura hRdaya dahala uThe para isa bhISaNa aTTahAsa kA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke citta para kucha bhI asara nahIM huA / ve nizcala bhAva se dhyAna meM magna rahe / aba zUlapANi ne hAthI kA rUpa dhAraNa kara bhagavAn ke zarIra para dantaprahAra kie aura pairoM se unheM rauMdA para bhagavAn mahAvIra ko dhyAnacyuta nahIM kara sakA / phira yakSa ne vikarAla pizAca bana kara tIkSNa nakha-dantoM se unakA zarIra noMca-noMca kara phAr3A para isa vikriyA se bhI mahAvIra dhyAna se vicalita nahIM zramaNa 2

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18 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra hue / pizAca kI bibhISikAoM se kucha nahIM banA to zUlapANi ne viSadhara nAga banakara unake zarIra ke aneka bhAgoM meM DaMka mArA para zrI mahAvIra ke mana kI thAha nahIM pAyA / __ anta meM zUlapANi ne apanI divyazakti se unake zarIra meM aneka vedanAyeM utpanna kI aura vizeSa kara sira, kAna, A~kha, nAka, dA~ta, nakha aura pITha ina sAta aGgoM meM / para kSamAmUrti zramaNa mahAvIra ina saba vedanAoM ko dhairyapUrvaka sahana karate rahe / / rAta bhara zUlapANi ne mahAvIra ko vividha kasauTiyoM para kasA para unhoMne lezamAtra bhI raMga na badalA / phalasvarUpa deva ne apanI parAjaya svIkAra kI aura jisa krUra prakRti se usane mahAvIra kA sAmanA kiyA thA vaha prakRti usake hRdaya meM se sadA ke liye vilIna ho gaI / vaha zAnta hokara kSamAzIla mahAvIra ke caraNoM meM gira par3A aura aparAdha kI kSamA prArthanA karatA huA mahAvIra kI dhIraja aura kSamAzIlatA ke gIta gAne lagA / usa dina bhagavAn ne pichalI rAta meM eka muhUrta bhara nidrA lI jisameM unhoMne nimnokta dasa svapna dekhe (1) apane hAtha se tAla pizAca kA mAranA / (2) apanI sevA karatA huA zvetapakSI / (3) sevA karatA huA citra kokila pakSI / (4) sugandhita do puSpamAlAe~ / (5) sevA meM upasthita govarga / (6) puSpita-kamaloMvAlA padma sarovara / (7) samudra kA pAra karanA / (8) udIyamAna sUrya kI kiraNoM kA phailanA / (9) apanI A~toM se mAnuSottara parvata kA lapeTanA, aura (10) meruparvata para car3hanA / rAtri ke samaya meM zUlapANi ke aTTahAsa ko sunakara grAmavAsiyoM ne

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tapasvI-jIvana devArya ke mAre jAne kA anumAna kiyA aura pichalI rAta ko jaba yakSa ne gIta gAye to logoM ne nizcaya kara liyA ki devArya ko mAra kara vaha yakSa khuzI manA rahA hai| asthikagrAma meM eka utpala nAmaka nimittavettA vidvAn rahatA thA jo kisI samaya pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA jaina sAdhu thA aura bAda meM gRhastha banakara nimittaM jyotiSa se apanI jIvikA calAtA thA / utpala ne jaba sunA ki zUlapANi ke caitya meM Thahare hue devArya navapravrajita bhagavAn vardhamAna haiM to use bar3I cintA huI aura amaMgala kalpanAoM meM sArI rAta pUrI kara sUryodaya hote hI pUjaka indrazarmA aura anya aneka grAma ke logoM ke sAtha vaha devArya kA patA lene zUlapANi ke caitya meM gayA / vahA~ pahu~cate hI utpala ne dekhA ki mahAvIra ke caraNoM meM puSpa gandhAdi dravya car3he hue haiM / isa dRzya se utpala aura grAmajana ke harSa kA pAra nahIM rahA / harSAveza meM gaganabhedI nAre lagAte hue ve saba bhagavAn ke caraNoM meM gira par3e aura kRtajJatA prakAza karate hue bole-'bahuta acchA huA jo devArya ne apane divya Atmabala se krUra yakSa ko zAnta kara diyA / ' bhagavAn ke svapnoM kA phalAdeza kahatA huA utpala bolA'bhagavan ! pichalI rAta ko Apane jo svapna dekhe haiM unakA phala isa prakAra hogA (1) Apa mohanIya karma kA jaldI nAza kareMge / (2) zukla dhyAna ApakA sAtha na chor3egA / (3) Apa vividha jJAnamaya dvAdazAGga zruta kI prarUpaNA kareMge / (4) ? (5) zramaNa-zramaNI-zrAvaka-zrAvikAtmaka saMgha ApakI sevA karegA / (6) caturvidha devanikAya ApakI sevA meM upasthita hogA / (7) saMsAra samudra ko Apa pAra kareMge / (8) Apako kevalajJAna utpanna hogA / (9) svarga martya aura pAtAla taka ApakA nirmala yaza phailegA, aura

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20 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra (10) siMhAsana para baiThakara Apa deva aura manuSyoM kI sabhA meM dharmaprajJApanA kareMge / isa prakAra Apake 9 svapnoM kA phala to maiMne samajha liyA para cauthe svapna meM Apane jo sugandhita puSpamAlA-yugma dekhA usakA phala merI samajha meM nahIM AyA / caturtha svapna kA phala batAte hue bhagavAn ne kahA-'utpala ! mere caturtha svapnadarzana kA phala yaha hogA ki sarvavirati aura dezaviratirUpa dvividha dharma kA maiM upadeza karU~gA / ' __yaha prathama varSA-cAturmAsya bhagavAn ne 15-15 upavAsa kI ATha tapasyAoM se pUrNa kiyA / 2. dUsarA varSa (vi0 pU0 511-510) __mArgazIrSa kRSNA pratipadA ko bhagavAn ne asthikagrAma se vAcAlA kI tarapha vihAra kiyA / bIca meM morAka sanniveza ke udyAna meM kucha samaya taka Thahare para vahA~ para inake tapa, dhyAna aura jJAna kI prasiddhi itanI adhika ho gaI ki dina bhara vahA~ logoM kA melA sA rahane lagA / dhyAnaparAyaNa mahAvIra ke liye yaha logoM kA jamaghaTa asahya ho gayA / dUsarI tarapha vahA~ ke rahanevAle 'acchadaMka' nAma ke pASaNDa loga bhI, jo jyotiSa nimitta Adi se apanA nirvAha calA rahe the, mahAvIra kI isa khyAti aura prazaMsA se jalate the aura mahAvIra ko anyatra jAne kI prArthanA karate the / isa paristhiti meM vahA~ adhika rahanA anucita samajha kara bhagavAn Age vAcAlA kI tarapha vihAra kara gaye / vAcAlA nAmaka do saMniveza the--eka uttara vAcAlA aura dUsarA dakSiNa vAcAlA / donoM saMnivezoM ke bIca meM suvarNavAlukA tathA rUpyavAlukA nAma kI do nadiyA~ bahatI thIM / bhagavAn mahAvIra dakSiNa vAcAlA hokara uttara vAcAla ko jA rahe the taba unakA dIkSAkAlIna AdhA devadUSya bhI suvarNavAlukA ke taTa para gira gayA / bhagavAn use vahIM chor3akara Age cale gaye aura bAda meM kabhI vastra grahaNa nahIM kiyA / uttara vAcAlA ke do mArga the-eka kanakakhala Azramapada ke bhItara

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tapasvI - jIvana 21 I hokara jAtA thA aura dUsarA usake bAhara se hokara / bhItaravAlA mArga sIdhA hone para bhI bhayaMkara aura ujar3A huA thA aura bAhara kA mArga lambA aura Ter3hA hone para bhI nirbhaya / bhagavAn ne bhItara ke mArga se prayANa kiyA bhagavAn abhI thor3e hI kadama Age bar3he the ki gopAloM ne unheM cetAyA / ve bole'devArya ! yaha mArga nirApada nahIM hai / isameM eka atibhayaMkara dRSTiviSa sarpa rahatA hai jo apanI viSajvAlAoM se musAphiroM ko jalAkara bhasma kara detA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki yaha mArga sIdhA hote hue bhI ujar3A huA hai / Apa ise chor3iye aura bAhara ke mArga se jAIye / mahAvIra ne hitacintakoM kI cetAvanI para koI dhyAna nahIM diyA aura usI mArga se calate hue ve usa sarpa ke bila ke samIpa yakSa ke devAlaya meM jAkara dhyAnArUr3ha ho gaye / sArA dina Azramapada meM ghUma-phirakara sarpa jaba apane sthAna para AyA to usakI najara dhyAnasthita bhagavAn ke Upara pdd'ii| vaha cakita hokara socane lagA ki bahuta samaya se nirjana isa vana meM yaha manuSya kaise A gayA hai ? usane apanI viSamaya dRSTi una para pheMkI / sAdhAraNa manuSya eka hI dRSTinipAta se jalakara khAka ho jAtA para mahAvIra para isakA koI asara nahIM huA / dUsarI tIsarI bAra bhI sarpane apanI viSapUrNa dRSTi zrI mahAvIra para pheMkI phira bhI usakA koI phala nahIM huA / aba sarpa ke krodha kA pAra nahIM rahA / vaha bar3e joroM se una para jhapaTA aura pA~va ke a~gUThe meM kAya / mUcchita deha usake Upara na gire isa bhaya se eka ora haTa gayA aura sthiradRSTi se unake mukha ke bhAva dekhane lagA / dera taka dekhane ke bAda usane nizcaya kiyA ki inakI zAnti tathA sthiratA meM koI calana nahIM huA / sarpa ne dUsarI aura tIsarI bAra pUrI tAkata se AkramaNa kiyA para pariNAma vahI rahA jo pahale thA / aba sarpa ko nizcaya ho gayA ki yaha koI sAdhAraNa manuSya nahIM hai / vaha sthiradRSTi se bhagavAn ke mukha kI tarapha dekhane lagA / jyoM jyoM vaha unakI mukhamudrA ko nihAratA thA tyoM tyoM prazamarasapUrNa For Private Personal Use Only

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22 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra bhagavAn kI dRSTi meM camakatI huI zAnti aura kSamA kI jyoti se usakI A~kheM cauMdhiyA rahI thIM / isI samaya mahAvIra ne dhyAna samApta kara use saMbodhita kiyA--' samajha ! caNDakauzika samajha !!" bhagavAn ke isa vacanAmRta se sarpa kA krUra hRdaya pAnI pAnI ho gayA / vaha zAnta hokara socane lagA- ' caNDakauzika yaha nAma maineM kahIM sunA huA hai / ' UhApoha karate karate usako apane pUrva janma kA smaraNa ho AyA / kisa prakAra usakA jIva pUrva ke tIsare bhava meM isa Azramapada kA 'caNDakauzika' nAmaka kulapati thA, kisa prakAra vaha udyAna ko ujAr3anevAle rAjaputroM ke pIche daur3A, kisa prakAra daur3atA huA gaDDhe meM gira kara marA aura pUrva saMskAra vaza bhavAntara meM isa udyAna meM sarpa kI jAti meM utpanna hokara isakA rakSaNa karane lagA ityAdi saba bAteM usako yAda A gaI / vaha vinIta ziSya kI taraha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke caraNoM meM jA par3A aura pApa kA pazcAttApa karate hue usane apane vartamAna pApamaya jIvana kA anta karane ke liye anazana kara liyA / bhagavAn bhI vahIM dhyAnArUDha rahe / pandraha dina ke anazana ke uparAnta deha chor3a kara caNDakauzika ne svarga prApta kiyA aura bhagavAn ne Age vihAra kiyA / uttara vAcAlA meM jAkara mahAvIra ne nAgasena ke ghara 15 upavAsa kA pAraNA kiyA / uttaravAcAlA se bhagavAn seyaMbiyA kI ora gaye / yahA~ para rAjA pradezI ne ApakA bahuta hI Adara-satkAra kiyA / seyaMviyA se bhagavAn surabhipura ko jA rahe the / mArga meM pradezI rAjA ke pAsa jAte hue pA~ca naiyaka rAjA mile / inhoMne bhagavAn kA bar3A Adara satkAra kiyA | surabhipura aura rAjagRha ke bIca meM gaMgA nadI par3atI thI / bhagavAn nAva para car3he / dUsare bhI aneka musAphira nAva meM baiThe the jinameM khemila nAmaka eka naimittika bhI thA / nAva ke Age calate hI dAhinI tarapha se ghora ulUkadhvani huI jise suna kara khemila bolA- 'yaha bar3A apazukana hai / mAlUma hotA hai ki hama saba para prANAntaka kaSTa AnevAlA hai para ina mahAtmA For Private Personal Use Only

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tapasvI jIvana puruSa ke prabhAva se hama bAla-bAla baca jAyeMge / ' nAva kA gaMgA ke madhyabhAga meM pahu~canA hI thA ki vahA~ eka bar3A bhArI bavaMDara AyA / bA~soM pAnI uchalane lagA / nAva hiloreM khAne lagI aura yAtrijana apane apane iSTadevoM aura iSTajanoM ko yAda kara cillAne lage / bar3I dila dahalAnevAlI ghaTanA thI / sabake hRdaya dhar3aka rahe the / para isa utpAta ke samaya bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra nAva ke eka kone meM nizcala bhAva se baiThe hue dhyAna meM magna the / kucha samaya ke bAda tUphAna zAnta huA / nAva kinAre lagI / yAtrI loga nayA janma mAnate hue nAva se jaldI jaldI utarane lage / bhagavAn bhI nAva se utare aura gaMgA ke pulina meM calate hue thUNAka saMniveza ke parisara meM jAkara dhyAnArUDha ho gaye / 23 thor3I dera ke bAda 'puSya' nAmaka eka sAmudrika zAstrI usa rAste se gujarA aura gaMgA ke pulina meM paDe hue mahAvIra ke padacihnoM ko dekha kara cakita ho gayA aura mana meM socane lagA- ' - 'sacamuca Aphata kA mArA koI cakravartI isa rAste se akelA paidala hI gayA hai / maiM jAkara usakI sevA karU~ tAki bhaviSya meM jaba ise cakravartI pada mile to mere bhI bhAgya khula jAya~ / ' puSya bhagavAn kI padapaMkti kA anusaraNa karatA huA thUNAka ke parisara meM pahu~cA to usakI dRSTi dhyAnAvasthita mahAvIra para par3I / bhagavAn ko dekhate hI vaha nirAza hokara bolA- 'Aja taka maiM samajhatA thA ki sAmudrika zAstra saccA hai para aba merA vizvAsa uTha gayA / zAstra meM kahA hai ki aise rekhAGkita pAdatala jisake hoM avazya hI cakravartI hotA hai para Aja maiM apanI A~khoM se dekha rahA hU~ ki aisI rekhAoMvAlA manuSya bhI bhikSu bana kara vana vana bhaTaka rahA hai !' M puSya kA zAstra se vizvAsa uTha cukA thA aura zAyada vaha apane granthoM ko jalazaraNa bhI kara detA para isI samaya usake sunane meM AyA ki jinake viSaya meM vaha UhApoha kara rahA hai ve koI sAmAnya bhikSu nahIM haiM / ye bhAvI tIrthaMkara haiM jo cakravartI aura svarga ke indroM ke bhI pUjanIya haiM / taba vaha zAnta ho gayA / For Private Personal Use Only

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24 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra gozAlaka kA svIkAra thUNAka se vihAra karate hue mahAvIra rAjagRha pahu~ce aura nagara kI bAhirikA (upanagara) nAlandA meM eka tantuvAyazAlA meM jAkara varSAvAsa kiyA / isI tantuvAyazAlA meM gozAlaka nAmaka eka maMkhajAtIya yuvA bhikSu bhI varSA cAturmAsya bitAne ke liye ThaharA huA thA / isa cAturmAsya meM bhagavAn mAsakSapaNa ke anta meM AhAra lete the / mahAvIra ke isa tapa, dhyAna aura anya guNoM se gozAlaka bahuta prabhAvita huA aura usane mahAvIra kA ziSya hone kA nizcaya kara liyA / vaha bhagavAn ke pAsa Akara bolA-'bhagavan ! maiM ApakA ziSya honA cAhatA hU~ / ' para mahAvIra ne usakI isa prArthanA kA koI uttara nahIM diyA / ___ kArtika pUrNimA ke dina bhikSAcaryA ko jAte hue gozAlaka ne pUchA'Aja mujhe bhikSA meM kyA milegA ?' bhagavAn ne uttara diyA-'kodoM ke tandula, khaTTI chAcha aura eka kUTa rUpayA / ' gozAlaka ko bhagavAn kI bhaviSyavANI jhUThI ThaharAne kI sUjhI aura usa roja vaha dhanADhya logoM ke gharoM meM hI bhikSA ke lie gayA parantu saMyogavaza use kahIM kucha bhI nahIM milA / anta meM dopahara ke bAda use eka karmakAra ne kodoM ke tandula aura khaTTI chAcha kA bhojana karAyA aura eka rupayA dakSiNA meM diyA jo parakhAne para kUTa nikalA / gozAlaka ke mana para isa ghaTanA bar3A prabhAva par3A aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa vaha niyativAda kA kAyala ho gayA aura kahane lagA-"honI kabhI Tala nahIM sakatI / jaisA hone vAlA hotA hai vaisA pahile hI se niyata rahatA hai|" varSA cAturmAsya samApta hote hI bhagavAn ne nAlaMdA se vihAra kiyA aura rAjagRha ke samIpa kollAga saMniveza meM jAkara bahula brAhmaNa ke yahA~ antima mAsakSapaNa kA pAraNA kiyA / isake pahale ke tIna mAsakSapaNoM ke pAraNe Apane rAjagRha meM hI kiye the / nAlandA se bhagavAn ne vihAra kiyA / usa samaya gozAlaka bhikSATana

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tapasvI-jIvana karane gayA thA / bhikSAcaryA se nipaTa kara zAlA meM AyA to bhagavAn dRSTigocara nahIM hue / usane socA ki ve bastI meM gaye hoMge / vaha phira nagara meM gayA aura rAjagRha kA eka eka muhallA aura eka eka galI khoja DAlI para mahAvIra kA kahIM patA na lagA / aba usane socA ki devArya kahIM bAhara cale gaye haiM / vaha lauTa kara apane nivAsa sthAna para AyA aura jo kucha apane pAsa AjIvakA ke sAdhana the brAhmaNoM ko arpaNa kara die aura Apa sira muMDavA kara mahAvIra kI khoja meM nikala par3A / rAjagRha ke zAkhApuroM meM DhU~DhatA huA maMkhaliputra kollAgasaMniveza pahu~cA / usane vahA~ eka tapasvI kI tapasyA aura unheM pAraNA karAne ke phala kI carcA sunI to socA ki ye bAteM devArya ke sivA anyatra nahIM ghaTa sakatIM, avazya hI devArya yahA~ hone cAhiye / vaha gA~va meM jA hI rahA thA ki bhagavAn gA~va ke bhItara se lauTate hue use rAste meM mila gae / gozAlaka ne namaskAra kiyA aura hAtha jor3a kara bolA-'bhagavan ! Apa mere dharmAcArya aura maiM ApakA ziSya / ' gozAlaka kI prArthanA ko svIkAra karate hue bhagavAn ne kahA-'acchA / ' 3. tIsarA varSa (vi0 pU0 510-509) kollAga se bhagavAn gozAlaka ke sAtha suvarNakhala kI tarapha jA rahe the| rAste meM unheM eka jagaha gvAloM kI TolI milI jo hA~r3I meM khIra pakA rahI thI / gozAlaka bolA-'dekhate haiM, bhagavan ! gvAle khIra pakA rahe haiM ! jarA Thahara jAiye / hama bhI yahA~ bhojana karake caleMge / ' bhagavAn ne kahA-'yaha khIra pakegI hI nahIM / bIca meM hI hA~DI phaTa kara gira jaaygii|' gozAlaka ne gvAloM se kahA- 'sunate ho ! ye trikAlajJAnI devArya kahate haiM--'yaha khIra kI hA~DI TUTa jAyagI / ' gozAlaka kI cetAvanI se gopamaMDalI vizeSa satarka huI aura bA~sa kI khapATiyoM se hA~DI ko acchI taraha bA~dha diyA aura cAroM ora se use ghera kara baiTha gaye /

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26 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra bhagavAn Age nikala gaye para gozAlaka kSIrabhojana ke lie vahIM Thahara gayA thA / khIra paka rahI thI / hA~DI dUdha se bharI huI thI aura cAvala bhI usameM adhika DAla diye the / ataH jaba ve paka kara phUle to hA~DI phaTa kara do Tukar3e ho gaI aura gozAlaka kI AzA ke sAtha khIra dhUla meM mila gaI / isa ghaTanA se nirAza hokara maMkhaliputra bolA-'honahAra kisI upAya se anyathA nahIM hotA / ' tatpazcAt bhagavAn aura gozAlaka brAhmaNagA~va meM gaye / isa gA~va ke do bhAga the--eka nandapATaka aura dUsarA upanandapATaka / ina pATakoM ke svAmI kramazaH nanda tathA upananda nAmaka do bhAI the / bhagavAn mahAvIra nandapATaka meM nanda ke ghara bhikSArtha gaye / yahA~ Apako bhikSA meM bAsI bhojana hI milA / gozAlaka bhI upanandapATaka meM upananda ke ghara gayA / upananda kI AjJA se usakI dAsI bAsI tandula lekara bhikSAnna dene ke lie AI paraMtu gozAlaka ne use lene se inkAra kara diyA / isa para upananda ne dAsI se kahA-'yadi letA hai to acchI bAta hai nahIM to tanduloM ko isake Upara hI pheMkakara calI A / ' dAsI ne aisA hI kiyA / brAhmaNagA~va se bhagavAn aura gozAlaka campAnagarI gaye aura tIsarA varSAvAsa campA meM kiyA / isa cAturmAsya meM bhagavAn ne do do mAsakSapaNa kI do tapasyAe~ kI aura vicitra AsanoM se dhyAna kiyA / pahale kSapaNa kA pAraNA campA meM kiyA aura dUsare kA campA ke bAhara / vahA~ se Apane kAlAyasaMniveza kI tarapha vihAra kiyA / 4. cothA varSa (vi0 pU0 509-508) kAlAya meM bhagavAn ne eka khaNDahara meM vAsa kiyA aura rAta bhara vahIM dhyAnArUr3ha rahe / kAlAya se Apa pattakAlaya pahu~ce aura vahA~ bhI khaMDahara meM hI Thahare aura rAta bhara dhyAnasthita rahe / ukta donoM sthAnoM meM gozAlaka ko apane ochepana ke kAraNa logoM se mAra khAnI par3I / pattakAlaya se Apane kumArAsaMniveza kI ora vihAra kiyA aura camparamaNIya udyAna meM kAyotsarga dhyAna lagAyA /

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tapasvI-jIvana 27 bhikSA kA samaya hone para gozAlaka ne kahA--'caliye bhagavan, bhikSA kA samaya ho gayA hai|' bhagavAn ne kahA-'hamArA to Aja upavAsa hai / ' usa samaya pArkhApatya municandra sthavira kumArA meM vicarate the / ApakA vAsa kumArA ke kUvaNaya kumhAra kI zAlA meM thA / gozAlaka jaba kumArA meM gayA to use pApitya muni mile / unheM dekhakara gozAlaka ne pUchA- 'tuma kauna ho ?' pArthApatya-'hama zramaNa nirgrantha haiM / ' gozAlaka-'vAha re nirgrantha ! itanA itanA grantha pAsa meM rakhate hue bhI tuma nirgrantha ? nirgrantha to mere dharmAcArya haiM jo tapa aura tyAga kI sAkSAt pratimUrti haiM / ' pArthApatya-'jaisA tU hai vaise hI svayaMgRhIta-liMga tere dharmAcArya bhI hoNge|' gozAlaka-'tuma mere dharmAcArya kI nindA karate ho ? mere dharmAcArya ke tapasteja se tumhArA upAzraya jalakara bhasma ho jAegA / ' pApitya-'hama tumhAre jaisoM ke zApa se jalanevAle nahIM / ' dera taka pArkhApatya anagAroM ke sAtha takarAra karake gozAlaka apane sthAna para AyA aura bolA-'bhagavan ! Aja to merI sArambha aura saparigraha zramaNoM se bheMTa huI / ' bhagavAn ne kahA-'ve pArkhApatya anagAra haiM / ' kumArA se bhagavAn gozAlaka ke sAtha corAka saMniveza gaye / vahA~ ArakSakoM ne unase paricaya mA~gA aura uttara na milane para unheM guptacara samajha kara pakar3a liyA aura unheM kAphI taMga kiyA paraMtu donoM meM se kisI ne bhI apane bacAva ke lie saphAI nahIM dI / yaha bAta jaba somA aura jayantI nAmaka parivrAjikAoM ne sunI to unhoMne ghaTanAsthala para pahu~cakara ArakSakoM ko mahAvIra

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28 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA paricaya diyA / taba ArakSakoM ne Apako Adara-satkArapUrvaka chor3a diyA / ___corAka se bhagavAn ne pRSThacampA kI ora vihAra kiyA aura cauthA varSAvAsa pRSThacampA meM hI kiyA / isa varSAvAsa meM Apane cAturmAsika tapa aura vicitra AsanoM se dhyAna kiyA / cAturmAsya samApta hone para bAhara gA~va meM tapa kA pAraNA kara Apane kayaMgalA kI ora vihAra kara diyA / 5 pA~cavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 508-507) kayaMgalA meM 'dariddathera' nAmadhArI pASaMDastha loga rahate the| ve sapatnIka aura sAraMbha parigrahI the / bhagavAn ne unake devala meM eka rAta vyatIta kI / usa dina unakA dhArmikotsava thA isalie sandhyA hote hI saba strI puruSa devala meM ekatrita hokara bAjo-gAjoM ke sAtha gAte hue utsava manAne lage / __ kar3Ake kA jAr3A par3a rahA thA aura usa para yaha dhamAla ! gozAlaka parezAna ho gayA / vaha lAcArI se rAtrijAgaraNa karatA huA unakI isa dhArmika pravRtti kI nindA karane lagA / bolA-'yaha bhI koI dharma hai, jahA~ strI puruSa rAtri meM gAte bajAte haiM ?' apane dharma kI nindA sunakara logoM ne use maMdira se nikAla diyA / ____ bAhara jAr3e se sikur3a kara baiThA huA gozAlaka bola rahA thA'duniyA kA rAstA hI ulaya hai / yahA~ saca bolanevAloM kI yaha hAlata hotI hai|' isa prakAra bar3abar3AtA huA vaha ThiThura rahA thA / logoM ko phira usa para dayA AI aura bole-'yaha devArya kA sevaka hai / ise hairAna na karo, vApasa bhItara bulA lo aura joroM se bAje bajAo tAki isakI bar3abar3AhaTa sunAI na de / ' kayaMgalA se bhagavAna zrAvastI paha~ce aura nagara ke bAhara kAyotsarga dhyAna kiyA aura vahA~ se Apane haliduga gA~va kI tarapha vihAra kiyA / haliduga ke bAhara eka bahuta bar3A vRkSa thA jise loga haliduga kahate the / mahAvIra aura gozAlaka ne isa haliduga ke nIce rAtri-vAsa kiyA / aura bhI bahuta se pathika loga vahA~ Thahare hue the jo prAta:kAla hote

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tapasvI-jIvana hI cale gaye / aba mahAvIra aura gozAlaka ye do hI vyakti vahA~ raha gaye / prAta:kAla haliduga ke nIce eka durghaTanA ghaTita huI / yAtriyoM ne vahA~ para jo Aga jalAI thI vaha jalatI huI Age bar3ha gaI / jisa sthAna meM bhagavAn dhyAnArUr3ha the vahA~ ghAsa-patte Adi buhatasA kUr3A par3A thA / dekhate hI dekhate Aga vahA~ pahu~cI aura 'bhAgo ! bhAgo !' kahatA huA gozAlaka vahA~ se bhAga gayA / mahAvIra dhyAnasthita rahe aura Aga kI lapaToM se unake pA~va jhulasa gaye / dopahara ke samaya bhagavAn ne vahA~ se vihAra kiyA aura naMgalA gA~va ke bAhara vAsudeva ke maMdira meM jAkara Thahare / naMgalA se Apa AvattA gA~va gaye aura baladeva ke maMdira meM dhyAna kiyA / AvattA se vicarate hue bhagavAn aura gozAlaka corAya saMniveza hokara kalaMbukA saMniveza kI ora gaye / __ kalaMbukA ke adhikArI megha aura kAlahastI jamIMdAra hote hue bhI pAsapar3osa ke gA~voM meM DAke DAlA karate the| jisa samaya bhagavAn vahA~ pahu~ce kAlahastI DAkuoM ke sAtha DAkA DAlane jA rahA thA / ina donoM ko dekhakara DAkuoM ne pUchA-'tuma kauna ho ?' inhoMne koI uttara nahIM diyA / kAlahastI ne vizeSa zaMkita hokara inheM piTavAyA aura pratyuttara na milane se ba~dhavAkara megha ke pAsa bheja diyA / megha ne mahAvIra ko gRhasthAzrama meM eka bAra kSatriyakuNDa meM dekhA thA / usane mahAvIra ko dekhate hI pahicAna liyA aura turaMta chur3Akara bolA-'kSamA kIjiye bhagavan ! Apako na pahicAnane se yaha aparAdha ho gayA hai / ' yaha kahate hue usane loMgo ko unakA paricaya karAyA aura bahumAnapUrvaka vandana kara bidA kiyA / ___abhI bahuta karmoM kA kSaya karanA bAkI hai aura anArya deza meM karmanirjarA meM sahAyaka adhika mileNge| yaha socakara Apane rADhabhUmi kI ora vihAra kara diyA / yahA~ para anArya logoM kI avahelanA, nindA, tarjanA aura tAr3anA Adi aneka upasargoM ko sahate hue Apane bahuta se karmoM kI nirjarA kara DAlI /

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30 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra bhagavAn rADhabhUmi se lauTa rahe the / usake sImApradeza ke pUrNakalaza nAmaka anArya gA~va se nikala kara Apa Arya deza kI sImA meM A rahe the ki bIca meM do cora mile jo anArya bhUmi meM corI karane jA rahe the / bhagavAna ke darzana ko unhoMne apazakuna mAnA aura ise niSphala karane ke vicAra se unhoMne bhagavAn para AkramaNa kiyA para tatkAla indra ne vahA~ pratyakSa hokara AkramaNa niSphala kara diyA / Arya pradeza meM pahu~ca kara bhagavAn malaya deza meM vihAra karate rahe aura pA~cavA~ varSAvAsa malaya kI rAjadhAnI bhaddila nagarI meM kiyA / isa cAturmAsya meM bhI bhagavAn ne cAturmAsika tapa aura 'sthAna' Adi aneka AsanoM se dhyAna kiyA / cAturmAsya samApta hone para bhagavAn ne bhaddila nagarI ke bAhara pAraNA kara kayali samAgama kI ora vihAra kara diyA / 6. chaThA varSa (vi0 pU0 507-506) bhagavAn kayali samAgama se jaMbUsaMDa aura vahA~ se taMbAya saMniveza gaye / taMbAya meM una dinoM pApitya nandiSeNa sthavira vicara rahe the / gozAlaka ko vahA~ bhI pArkhApatya anagAra mile aura unake sAtha takarAra huI / taMbAya se bhagavAn kUpiya saMniveza gaye / yahA~ para Apako guptacara samajha kara rAjapuruSoM ne pakar3a kara pITA aura saphAI na dene para kaida kara liyA / parantu vijayA aura pragalbhA nAmaka do parivAjikAoM ne turanta ghaTanAsthala para pahu~ca kara rAjapuruSoM kA tiraskAra kara kahA-'kyA tuma loga siddhArtha rAjA ke putra, antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ko nahIM pahicAnate ? yadi yaha bAta indra taka pahu~ce to tumhArI kyA dazA ho ?' yaha suna kara rAjyAdhikArI kA~pa uThe / unhoMne apanI isa ajJAnajanya bhUla ke lie bhagavAn se kSamA prArthanA kI / dayAmUti bhagavAn mahAvIra ne mauna raha prArthanA svIkAra kI / kRpiya se bhagavAn ne vaizAlI kI ora vihAra kiyA / gozAlaka ne isa samaya Apake sAtha calane se inkAra kara diyA / usane kahA-'Apake sAtha rahate hue mujhe bahuta kaSTa uThAnA par3atA hai parantu Apa kucha bhI sahAyatA

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tapasvI-jIvana nahIM dete isaliye aba maiM Apake sAtha na calU~gA / ' bhagavAn zAnta rahe / bhagavAn kramazaH vaizAlI pahuMce aura lohe ke kArakhAne meM vAsa kiyA / dUsare dina eka lohAra jo cha: mahIne kI laMbI bImArI se uThA thA, kArakhAne meM kAma para gayA to use pahale-pahala bhagavAn ke darzana hue / lohAra isa paramamaMgala ko bhI ajJAnavaza amaMgala mAna kara hathaur3A lekara unheM mArane ke lie daur3A / parantu usake hAtha pA~va ekadama stabdha ho gae / vaizAlI se bhagavAn grAmAka saMniveza kI ora gaye / grAmAka ke udyAnasthita bibhelaka yakSa ne ApakI bahuta mahimA kI / grAmAka se Apa zAlizIrSa padhAre aura usake bAhara udyAna meM kAyotsarga dhyAna lagAyA / mAgha mahIne kI kar3I sardI meM bhagavAn khule zarIra dhyAna kara rahe the ki vahA~ kaTapUtanA nAmaka eka vyantara devI AI aura bhagavAn ko dekhate hI vaha dveSavaza jala uThI / kSaNabhara meM usane parivrAjikA kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA aura bikharI huI jaTAoM meM pAnI bharabhara kara bhagavAn ke Upara chir3akane lagI aura unake kaMdho para car3ha kara dhUnatI huI havA karane lagI / isa bhISaNa aura asAdhAraNa upasarga se bhI bhagavAn apane dhyAna se vicalita nahIM hue / __kaTapUtanAkRta ghora upasarga ko dhIraja aura kSamApUrvaka sahate hae bhagavAna ko 'lokA'vadhi jJAna utpanna huA aura usase Apa lokavartI samasta rUpI dravyoM ko hastAmalakavat jAnane aura dekhane lage / anta meM mahAvIra kI dhIraja aura kSamAzIlatA ke Age kaTapUtanA ne apanI hAra mAnI aura krodha ko zAnta kara bhagavAn kI pUjA kI / ___zAlizIrSa se bhagavAn ne bhaddiyAnagarI kI tarapha vihAra kiyA aura chaThA varSAvAsa Apane bhadiyA meM hI kiyA / gozAlaka bhI cha: mahIne taka akelA ghUma-phirakara zAlizIrSa meM Akara phira bhagavAn ke sAtha mila gayA / bhaddiyA ke isa cAturmAsya meM bhI Apane cAturmAsika tapa aura vividha yogAsana tathA yogakriyAoM kI sAdhanA

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI / cAturmAsya samApta hone para Apane bhaddiyA ke bAhara cAturmAsika tapa kA pAraNA kiyA aura vahA~ se magadha bhUmi kI aura vihAra kiyA / 7. sAtavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 506-505) isa varSa zIta aura uSNakAla meM bhagavAn magadhabhUmi meM hI vicare aura varSAkAla nikaTa Ane para Apa AlaMbhiyA padhAre aura sAtavA~ varSAvAsa AlaMbhiyAnagarI meM kiyA / AlaMbhiyA ke varSAvAsa meM bhI bhagavAn ne cAturmAsika tapa aura vividha yogakriyAoM kI sAdhanA kI / cAturmAsya ke anta meM bhagavAna ne nagara ke bAhara jAkara tapa kA pAraNA kiyA aura vahA~ se kuMDAka saMniveza kI ora vihAra kiyA / 8. AThavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 505-504) kucha samaya taka bhagavAn kuMDAka ke vAsudeva ke maMdira meM rahe aura vahA~ se vihAra kara maddanA saMniveza jAkara baladeva ke maMdira meM dhyAna kiyA / maddanA se Apa bahusAla hote hue lohArgalA rAjadhAnI padhAre / lohArgalA ke rAjA jitazatru para una dinoM zatruoM kI vakradRSTi hone se rAjapuruSa bahuta satarka rahate the / koI vyakti apanA paricaya die binA nagarI meM praveza nahIM kara sakatA thA / mahAvIra aura gozAlaka ke vahA~ jAte hI paharedAroMne unheM roka kara paricaya mA~gA para unhoMne koI uttara nahIM diyA / phalasvarUpa unako giraphtAra kara rAjA ke pAsa le gae / jisa samaya mahAvIra aura gozAlaka rAjasabhA meM lAye gaye usa samaya vahA~ asthikagrAmavAsI naimittika utpala bhI upasthita thA / bhagavAn ko dekhate hI vaha khar3A ho gayA aura vandana karake bolA-'ye guptacara nahIM, rAjA siddhArtha ke putra dharmacakravartI tIrthaMkara haiM / cakravartI ke lakSaNoM ko bhI mAta karane vAle inake zArIrika lakSaNoM ko to dekhiye / ' utpala dvArA paricaya pAte hI jitazatru ne bhagavAn aura gozAlaka ko satkArapUrvaka mukta karake unase kSamA prArthanA kI /

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33 tapasvI-jIvana lohArgalA se bhagavAn ne purimatAla kI ora vihAra kiyA aura nagara ke bAhara zakaTamukha udyAna meM kucha samaya taka dhyAna kiyA / yahA~ ApakA 'vaggura zrAvaka'ne satkAra kiyA / purimatAla se unnAga, gobhUmi hote hue Apa rAjagRha padhAre aura AThavA~ varSAvAsa rAjagRha meM kiyA / isa varSAvAsa meM bhI bhagavAn ne cAturmAsika tapa aura vividha yogakriyAoM kI sAdhanA kI / cAturmAsya ke samApta hone para bhagavAn ne rAjagRha se vihAra kiyA aura bAhara jAkara tapa kA pAraNA kiyA / 9. navA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 504-503) bhagavAn ne socA--'abhI mujhe bahuta karma khapAne bAkI haiM isa lie anArya deza meM vihAra kara sahAyakoM dvArA vizeSa nirjarA kara duuN|' yaha vicAra kara Apane rADha ke vajrabhUmi aura zuddhabhUmi jaise anArya pradezoM meM paribhramaNa Arambha kiyA / anArya deza meM vicarane kA pariNAma bhagavAn acchI taraha jAnate the / vAstava meM use bhogane ke lie hI Apane yaha mArga grahaNa kiyA thA / anAryoM kI dRSTi meM mAno mahAvIra unake zikAra kI vastu the / jahA~ bhI ve inheM dekhate cAroM ora se ghera lete, ina para zikArI kutte chor3ate, lAThIpattharoM se pITate aura gAliyoM kI bauchAreM karate / isa prakAra kI aneka kadarthanAyeM anAryoM dvArA kI jAtI, para merudhIra bhagavAn mahAvIra para unakA kucha asara nahIM hotA thA / ina viDambanAkArI anAryoM ke Upara bhagavAn lezamAtra bhI durbhAva nahIM lAte the / varaM ca apane karmoM kI vizeSa nirjarA hotI dekha Apa Antarika prasannatA kA anubhava karate the / isa prakAra Apa apane AcaraNoM se hI anAryoM ko kSamAzIlatA kA pATha par3hA rahe the / / isa anAryabhUmi meM bhagavAna ko varSAvAsa ke lie makAna taka nahIM milA / phalasvarUpa yaha navA~ varSA-cAturmAsya Apane ghUmate phirate hI pUrA kiyA / cha: mahIne taka anAryabhUmi meM bhramaNa kara varSAkAla ke anantara bhagavAn AryabhUmi meM lautte| zramaNa-3

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34 10. dasavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 503 - 502) anAryabhUmi se nikalakara bhagavAn aura gozAlaka siddhArthapura se kUrmagrAma jA rahe the / mArga para sAta phUloMvAle eka tila-kSupa ko dekhakara gozAlaka ne pUchA--' bhagavan ! kyA yaha tila-kSupa nipajegA ?" zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra bhagavAn ne uttara diyA- 'hA~, nipajegA aura ina sAtoM hI phUloM ke jIva eka phalI meM sAta tila hoMge / ' yaha sunakara gozAlaka ne usa tila stamba ko vahA~ se ukhAr3a kara pheMka diyA / kUrmagrAma ke bAhara vaizyAyana nAmaka eka tApasa jisane prANAyAmA dIkSA aMgIkAra kI huI thI, dhUpa meM auMdhe mastaka laTakatA huA tapa kara rahA thA / dhUpa se Akula hokara usakI jaTAoM meM se jU~e~ gira rahI thIM aura vaizyAyana unheM pakar3a pakar3a apanI jaTAoM meM DAla rahA thA / gozAlaka yaha dRzya dekhakara bolA--'bhagavan ! yaha jU~oM ko sthAna denevAlA koI muni hai yA pizAca ?' gozAlaka ne bAra-bAra AkSepa kiyA / AkSepa ko sunakara vaizyAyana ne kruddha hokara apanI tejolezyA usa para chor3I / paraMtu usI kSaNa bhagavAn ne zItalezyA chor3akara gozAlaka ko bacA liyA / usa samaya vaizyAyana bolA- 'bIta gaI bhagavan ! bAta bIta gaI !' gozAlaka vaizyAyana ke saMketa ko samajha nahIM sakA, vaha bolA'bhagavan ! yaha yUkA - zayyAttara kyA kaha rahA hai ?' bhagavAn ne spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahA-- ' isane tere para apanI tejazakti kA prayoga kiyA thA para merI zItalezyA ke prayoga se tU baca gayA / yaha dekha kara tApasa kaha rahA hai-- yadi maiM pahale jAnatA ki yaha ApakA ziSya hai to maiM aisA kabhI na karatA para anajAnapana meM yaha ho gayA / ' tejolezyA kI bAta sunakara gozAlaka bhayabhIta ho gayA aura bolAbhagavan ! yaha tejolezyA kaise prakaTa hotI hai ? tejolezyA kI prApti kA upAya samajhAte hue bhagavAn ne kahA- jo manuSya chaH mahInoM taka nirantara chaTTa tapa For Private Personal Use Only

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35 tapasvI-jIvana ke sAtha sUrya ke sAmane dRSTi rakhakara khar3A-khar3A AtApanA karatA hai aura ubAle hae muTThibhara uDada tathA cullU bhara garama pAnI se pAraNA karatA hai, usa tapasvI ko thor3I bahuta tejolezyA utpanna hotI hai / kucha samaya ke bAda bhagavAn ne phira siddhArthapura kI tarapha vihAra kiyA / jaba ve tilavAlI jagaha pahu~ce to gozAlaka bolA-'dekhiye bhagavan ! vaha tilastamba nahIM nipajA jisake nipajane kI Apane bhaviSyavANI kI thI / ' anya sthAna para lage hue usa tilastamba ko batalAte hue bhagavAn ne kahA-'dekha, yahI hai vaha tilastamba jise tUne ukhAr3a pheMkA thA / ' gozAlaka ko vizvAsa na huA / vaha tilastamba ke pAsa gayA aura phalI tor3akara use phor3a kara dekhA to usameM se sAta hI tila nikale / isa ghaTanA se gozAlaka niyativAda ke siddhAnta kI tarapha AkRSTa hokara bolA---'isI prakAra sabhI jIva mara kara phira apanI hI yoni meM utpanna hote haiN|' aba taka kI aneka ghaTanAoM se gozAlaka niyativAda kA pakkA samarthaka bana cukA thA, ataH bhagavAn se judA hokara vaha zrAvastI gayA aura AjIvaka mata kI upAsikA kumhArina hAlAhalA kI bhANDazAlA meM rahakara tejolezyA kI sAdhanA karane lagA / / __ bhagavAn kI kahI huI vidhi ke anusAra cha: mAsa taka tapa aura AtApanA karake gozAlaka ne tejaHzakti prApta kara lI aura parIkSA ke taura para usakA pahalA prayoga ku~e para pAnI bharatI huI eka dAsI para kiyA / tejolezyA prApta karane ke uparAnta gozAlaka ne cha: dizAcaroM se nimittazAstra kA kucha aMza par3hA jisase vaha sukha, duHkha, lAbha, hAni, jIvita aura maraNa ina cha: bAtoM meM siddhavacana naimittika bana gayA / tejolezyA aura nimittajJAna jaisI asAdhAraNa zaktiyoM ne gozAlaka kA mahattva bahuta bar3hA diyA / pratidina usake bhakta aura anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA bar3hane lagI / sAdhAraNa bhikSu gozAlaka aba eka AcArya kI koTi meM pahu~ca gayA aura AjIvaka saMpradAya kA tIrthaMkara banakara vicarane lagA /

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra siddhArthapura se bhagavAn vaizAlI padhAre / eka dina vaizAlI ke bAhara Apa kAyotsarga dhyAna meM khar3e the / usa samaya nagara ke bAlaka khelate khelate vahA~ Ae aura pizAca samajha kara Apako satAne lage / isI samaya rAjA siddhArtha kA mitra gaNarAja zaMkha bhI akasmAt vahA~ pahu~ca gayA / usane bAlakoM ko vahA~ se bhagAyA aura svayaM bhagavAn ke caraNoM meM girakara kSamAyAcanA kI / 36 vaizAlI se Apane vANijyagrAma ke liye prayANa kiyA / vaizAlI aura vANijyagrAma ke bIca gaMDakI nadI par3atI thI / bhagavAn ne use nAva dvArA pAra kiyA / pAra pahu~cane para nAvika ne kirAyA mA~gA aura uttara na milane para Apako vahIM roka rakkhA / usI samaya zaMkharAja kA bhAnajA 'citra' jo rAjadUta banakara kahIM jA rahA thA, vahA~ pahu~ca gayA aura usane bhagavAn ko chur3AyA / vANijyagrAma jAkara bhagavAn nagara ke bAhara kAyotsarga dhyAna meM Thahare / vANijyagrAma meM Ananda nAmaka eka zramaNopAsaka rahatA thA / nirantara chaTha tapa aura AtApanA kara Ananda ko una dinoM avadhijJAna prApta huA thA / bhagavAn kA Agamana jAnakara vaha bAhara gayA aura vandana karake bolA -- 'bhagavan ! aba Apako thor3e samaya meM hI kevalajJAna utpanna hogA / ' vANijyagrAma se vicarate hue bhagavAn zrAvastI padhAre aura dasavA~ varSAvAsa zrAvastI meM kiyA / yahA~ bhI bhagavAn ne vicitra tapa aura yogakriyAoM kI sAdhanA kI / 11. gyArahavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 502-501) varSA cAturmAsya samApta hone ke anantara bhagavAn ne zrAvastI se sAnulaTThiya saMniveza kI tarapha vihAra kiyA aura sAnulaTThiya meM Apane nirantara solaha upavAsa ke sAtha khar3e raha kara dhyAna karate hue bhadra, mahAbhadra aura sarvatobhadra pratimAoM kA ArAdhana kiyA / tapa kI samApti para bhikSATana karate hue Apa pUrvokta Ananda gAthApati ke ghara gaye / Ananda kI bahulA nAmaka dAsI rasoI ke baratana dhokara bacA khucA anna pheMka rahI thI ki itane meM bhagavAn pahu~ce / dAsI ne pUchA- 'kyA kAma hai, mahArAja !' isa para bhagavAn ne apane donoM hAtha pasAre / dAsI ne For Private Personal Use Only

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tapasvI-jIvana 37 bhaktipUrvaka vaha anna Apake hAthoM meM rakha diyA / sAnulaTThiya se bhagavAn ne dRDhabhUmi kI tarapha vihAra kiyA aura usake bAhara peDhAla-udyAnasthita polAsa caitya meM jAkara aTThama tapa kara rAtabhara eka acitta pudgala para ninimeSa dRSTi se dhyAna kiyA / bhagavAn ke isa nizcala aura ninimeSa dhyAna ko dekha kara svarga meM indra ne prazaMsA karate hue kahA'dhyAna aura dhairya meM bhagavAn vardhamAna kA koI sAnI nahIM / manuSya to kyA deva bhI bhagavAn ko isa nizcalatA se DigA nahIM sakatA / ' indra kI yaha prazaMsA saMgamaka nAmaka deva se sahana na huI / vaha uTha kara bolA-'Apa jisa manuSya kI yaha prazaMsA kara rahe haiM, vAstava meM vaha isake yogya nahIM ho sakatA | kaisA bhI manuSya kyoM na ho usameM itanI kSamatA ho hI nahIM sakatI ki vaha eka deva ke Age Tika sake / Apa dekhie / maiM abhI jAkara use dhyAnacyuta kie detA hU~ / ' yaha pratijJA kara saMgamaka ne polAsa caitya meM jAkara bhagavAn ko dhyAna se vicalita karane ke lie rAta ko vividha prakAra ke kaSTadAyaka bIsa upasarga kiye para bhagavAn kA hRdaya tilamAtra bhI kSubdha nahIM huA / polAsa caitya se cala kara bhagavAn ne vAlukA, subhoga, succhettA, malaya aura hatthisIsa Adi sthAnoM meM bhramaNa kiyA aura ina sabhI grAmoM meM saMgamaka ne taraha taraha ke upasarga kiye| eka samaya bhagavAn tosaligA~va ke udyAna meM dhyAnArUr3ha the / saMgamaka sAdhurUpa dhAraNa kara gA~va meM gayA aura eka makAna meM seMdha lagAne lagA / logoM ne cora samajha kara pakar3A aura mArane lage to vaha bolA-'mujhe mata mAro / maiM to apane guru kI AjJA kA pAlana karane vAlA hU~ / unhoMne mujhe isa kAma ke lie bhejA hai|' logoM ne pUchA-'kahA~ hai re terA guru ?' / usane kahA- 've udyAna meM Thahare hue haiM / ' loga usake sAtha udyAna meM gaye to bhagavAn ko dhyAna meM khar3e dekhA / ajJAnI nAgarikoM ne cora samajha kara bhagavAn para hamalA kiyA aura bA~dha kara

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38 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra nagara meM le jAne hI lage the ki bhUtilanAmaka eka indrajAlika vahA~ A pahu~cA / usane ApakA paricaya dekara Apako grAmINoM se chur3AyA / aba logoM ne usa sAdhuveSadhArI kI talAza kI / para usakA kahIM patA nahIM calA taba grAmavAloM ko pUrA vizvAsa huA ki isameM kucha rahasya avazya hai / tosali se bhagavAn mosali padhAre aura udyAna meM dhyAnArUDha hue / yahA~ bhI saMgamaka ne Apa para cora hone kA abhiyoga lagavAyA jisase Apa pakar3e jAkara rAjA ke pAsa le jAye gaye / rAjasabhA meM rAjA siddhArtha kA mitra sumAgadha nAmaka rASTriya baiThA huA thA / bhagavAn ko dekhate hI vaha uThA aura rAjA se bhagavAn kA paricaya karAkara unheM bandhana mukta karavAyA / phira Apa tosali jAkara udyAna meM dhyAnArUr3ha hue / isa samaya saMgamaka ne Apake pAsa corI ke auz2Ara rakha diye / ina auz2AroM ko dekhakara logoM ne Apako cora ke saMdeha meM pakar3a liyA aura tosali kSatriya ke pAsa le gaye / kSatriya ne Apase kaI prazna pUche aura paricaya mA~gA para Apane koI uttara nahIM diyA aura na hI apanA paricaya diyA / isa para tosali kSatriya aura usake salAhakAroM ko vizvAsa ho gayA ki avazya hI yaha koI chadmavezadhArI cora hai| unhoMne Apako phA~sI kA hukma de diyA / adhikAriyoM ne Apako phA~sI ke takhte para car3hA diyA aura turanta gale meM phA~sI kA phaMdA lagAyA para takhtA haTAte hI phA~sI TUTa gaI / dubArA lagAI / phira TUTa gaI / isa taraha sAta bAra Apake gale meM phA~sI DAlI gaI aura sAta hI bAra TUTa gaI / isa ghaTanA se karmacArI cakita hue aura kSatriya se saba hakIkata bayAna kI jise sunakara rAjA tosali kSatriya ne Apako Adara-satkArapUrvaka mukta kara diyA / tosali se bhagavAn siddhArthapura gaye aura yahA~ bhI cora ke saMdeha meM pakar3a lie gaye para kauzika nAmaka eka ghor3oM ke vyApArI ke paricaya dene para Apako chor3a diyA gayA / siddhArthapura se bhagavAn vrajagrAma (gokula) pahu~ce / bajagA~va meM usa dina koI tyohAra thA / ghara-ghara kSIrAna banA thA / bhagavAn bhikSAcaryA ke liye nikale para saMgamaka vahA~ bhI pahu~ca gayA aura

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tapasvI-jIvana AhAra ko aneSaNIya karane lagA / bhagavAn ne saMgamaka kI harakata ko jAna liyA aura ve turaMta gA~va se bAhara cale gaye / saMgamaka ko Ae karIba cha: mahIne hone Aye the / bhagavAn ko dhyAnacyuta karane ke liye vaha agaNita vighna kara cukA thA para unheM vicalita karane meM vaha saphala nahIM ho sa kA / aba vaha avadhijJAna se bhagavAn kI mAnasika vRttiyoM kI parIkSA karane lagA / usane dekhA ki mahAvIra ke manobhAva pahale se bhI adhika dRr3ha haiM / usane apanI hAra mAnI aura bolA-'bhagavan ! indra ne Apake saMbandha meM jo kahA thA vaha akSarazaH satya hai / bhagavan, Apa satyapratijJa haiM aura maiM bhagnatijJa / Apa bhikSA ke liye jAiye / aba maiM kucha bhI vighna nahIM DAlU~gA / saMgamaka ke ye vacana sunakara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-'saMgamaka' maiM kisI ke kathana kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA / maiM to apanI hI icchA ke anusAra calatA hU~ / ' bhagavAn ke dhairya se hAra mAnakara saMgamaka vahA~ se calA gayA / dUsare dina bhagavAn usI vrajagA~va meM bhikSAcaryA karane ke lie gaye / pUre cha: mahInoM ke bAda Apane eka bur3hayA gvAlina ke hAtha se kSIrAnna kA bhojana kiyA / vrajagA~va se bhagavAn ne zrAvastI kI tarapha vihAra kiyA / AlaMbhiyA, seyaviyA Adi prasiddha nagaroM se hote hue zrAvastI pahu~ce aura nagara ke udyAna meM dhyAnArUr3ha hue / una dinoM zrAvastI meM skanda kA utsava cala rahA thA / loga utsava meM itane vyasta the ki bhagavAn kI tarapha kisIne lakSya hI nahIM diyA / sArA gA~va skanda ke maMdira ke pAsa ekatra ho rahA thA / bhaktajana devamUrti ko vastrAlaMkAroM se sajAkara ratha meM biThAne jA rahe the ki mUrti svayaM calane lagI / bhaktoM ke Ananda kA pAra na rahA / ve samajhe ki deva svayaM ratha meM baiThane jA rahe haiM / harSa ke nAre lagAte hue saba loga mUrti ke pIche pIche cale / mUrti udyAna meM pahu~cI aura bhagavAn ke caraNoM meM gira par3I / logoM ne harSanAda kiyA aura devAdhideva mAna kara mahAvIra kA bahumAna aura mahimA kI /

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra zrAvastI se kozAmbI, vArANasI, rAjagRha, mithilA, Adi nagaroM meM ghUmate hue bhagavAn vaizAlI padhAre aura gyArahavA~ varSAvAsa vaizAlI meM kiyA / vaizAlI ke bAhara kAmamahAvana nAmake udyAna aura isI nAma kA eka caitya thA / bhagavAn cAturmAsika tapa kara usI kAmavana caitya meM Thahare / 40 vaizAlI kA bhUtapUrva nagaraseTha pratidina bhagavAn ko vandana karane jAtA aura AhAra- pAnI ke liye prArthanA karatA thA parantu bhagavAn bastI meM nahIM jAte the / seTha ne socA bhagavAn ko mAsika tapa hogA / mahInA pUrA hone para padhAreMge / mAsa kI samApti para usane vizeSa prArthanA kI para bhagavAn nahIM padhAre / taba seTha ne dvimAsakSapaNa kI kalpanA kI aura dUsare mAsa ke anta meM trimAsika kI / bhagavAn tIsare mahIne kI samApti para bhI bhikSAcArya ke lie nahIM nikale / taba usane nizcaya kiyA ki Apane caturmAsakSapaNa kiyA hai / cAturmAsya ke anta meM usane Agraha aura vinayapUrvaka prArthanA kI aura ghara jAkara bhagavAn kI rAha dekhane lagA / madhyAhna samaya huA taba bhagavAn bhikSA ke liye kAmavana se nikale aura piNDaiSaNA (bhikSAcaryA) ke niyamAnusAra bastI meM phirate hue Apane eka gRhastha ke ghara meM praveza kiyA / bhagavAn ko dekha kara gRhasvAmI ne dAsI se saMketa kiyA-- jo kucha taiyAra ho, inheM de do / dAsI ne jo kucha rUkhA-sUkhA hAtha lagA vaha lAkara bhagavAn ke hAthoM meM rakha diyA / bhagavAn ne usI se cAturmAsika tapa kA pAraNA kiyA / vRddha bhakta seTha ne jaba sunA ki bhagavAn ne anyatra pAraNA kara liyA hai to vaha bahuta nirAza huA aura pUraNa seTha ke, jisake yahA~ bhagavAn ne AhAra kiyA thA, bhAgya kI prazaMsA kI / cAturmAsya pUrA hone para bhagavAn ne vaizAlI se sUsumArapura kI tarapha vihAra kiyA / 12. bArahavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 501 - 500) sUsumArapura ke parisara meM Apa azoka vRkSa ke nIce kAyotsarga meM khar3e the / yahIM para camarendra ne indra ke vajra prahAra se bhayabhIta hokara Apake caraNoM meM zaraNa lI / yahA~ se bhagavAn bhogapura tathA nandIgrAma hote hue meMDhiyagA~va For Private Personal Use Only

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tapasvI jIvana 41 padhAre / yahA~ bhI eka gopa ne Apako upasarga karane kI niSphala ceSTA kI / meMDhiya se Apa kozAmbI padhAre aura pauSa kRSNa pratipad ke dina bhikSAviSayaka yaha ghora abhigraha kiyA - " muNDitasira, pA~voM meM ber3iyoM sahita, tIna dina kI bhUkhI, rAMdhe hue urada ke bAkule sUpa ke kone meM lekara bhikSA kA samaya bIta cukane para dvAra ke bIca meM khar3I huI tathA dAsatva ko prApta huI yadi koI rAjakumArI bhikSA degI to hI grahaNa karU~gA, anyathA nahIM / " ukta pratijJA karake bhagavAn prati dina kozAmbI meM bhikSATana ke lie jAte parantu kahIM bhI abhigraha pUrNa nahIM hotA thA / isa prakAra Apako ghUmate 2 cAra mahIne bIta gaye para abhigraha pUrA na huA / eka dina Apa kozAmbI ke amAtya sugupta ke ghara padhAre / amAtyapatnI nandA zrAvikA bhaktipUrvaka bhikSAnna dene AI para bhagavAn kucha lie binA hI cale Ae / nandA pachatAne lagI / taba dAsiyoM ne kahA - 'ye devArya to prati dina yahA~ Ate haiM aura kucha bhI lie binA cale jAte haiM / ' taba se nandA ne nizcaya kiyA ki avazya hI bhagavAn ko koI durgama abhigraha hai jisase Apa AhAra nahIM lete / nandA bahuta cintita huI / jaba amAtya ghara AyA to nandA ko udAsIna dekhA / usane pUchA-- kyA bAta hai ? cintita sI dIkha rahI ho / ' nandA ne kahA- - hamArA yaha amAtyapana kisa kAma kA jaba ki itanA samaya hone para bhI bhagavAn bhikSA nahIM pAte ? aura ApakA yaha cAturya bhI kisa kAma kA jo unake abhigraha kA patA nahIM lagA sakate ?" AzvAsana detA huA sugupta bolA- tuma cintA mata karo / aba aisA upAya karU~gA ki ve kala hI bhojana grahaNa kara leMge / jisa samaya bhagavAn ke abhigraha ke viSaya meM bAteM ho rahI thIM usa samaya pratihArI vijayA vahIM khar3I thI / usane saba bAteM suna lIM aura mahala meM jAkara rAnI mRgAvatI se nivedana kiyA / rAnI bhI isa ghaTanA se bahuta Akula huI aura rAjA ko ulAhanA detI huI bolI- 'Apake rAjya kI aura For Private Personal Use Only

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42 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra mere rAnIpana kI kyA sArthakatA huI jaba ki bhagavAn mahAvIra mahInoM se rAjadhAnI meM ghUmate haiM para unake abhigraha kA patA nahIM lagAyA jAtA ? Aja taka kisI ne yaha nahIM socA ki ye AhAra grahaNa kyoM nahIM karate / ' rAjA zatAnIka ne rAnI ko AzvAsana diyA aura apane sabhApaNDita tathyavAdI ko bulA kara kahA-'mahAzaya ! tumhAre dharmazAstroM meM jo jo AcAra varNita hoM unakA nirUpaNa karo / ' sugupta kI tarapha izArA kara zatAnIka bolA--'tuma bhI to buddhimAna ho / jAnate ho to kaho / ' unhoMne kahA-'abhigraha aneka prakAra ke hote haiM para yaha kaise jAnA jAya ki kisake mana kA kyA abhiprAya hai ?' unhoMne dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAvaviSayaka abhigraha tathA sAta piNDaiSaNA pAnaiSaNAoM kA nirUpaNa kara sAdhuoM ke AhAra-pAnI lene dene kI rItiyoM kA varNana kiyA / rAjA ne prajAjanoM ko ina bAtoM kI jAnakArI karAI aura bhagavAn ke Ane para ina rItiyoM se AhAra-pAnI dene kI sUcanA kii| logoM ne sAvadhAnI se unakA pAlana kiyA / parantu bhagavAn ko bhikSA dene meM koI saphala nahIM ho sakA / bhagavAn ke abhigraha ko pA~ca mahIne ho cuke the aura chaThA mahInA pUrA hone meM sirpha pA~ca dina zeSa raha gaye the / bhagavAn niyamAnusAra isa dina bhI kozAmbI meM bhikSA-caryA ke lie nikale aura phirate hue seTha dhanAvaha ke ghara pahu~ce / yahA~ ApakA abhigraha pUrNa huA aura Apane candanA nAmaka rAjakumArI ke hAthoM bhikSA grahaNa kI / kozAmbI se sumaMgala, succhettA, pAlaka Adi gA~voM meM hote hue bhagavAn campA nagarI padhAre aura cAturmAsika tapa kara vahIM svAtidatta brAhmaNa kI yajJazAlA meM varSAvAsa kiyA / ___ yahA~ para bhagavAn ke tapa-sAdhana se AkRSTa hokara pUrNabhadra aura mANibhadra nAmaka do yakSa rAtri ke samaya Akara ApakI pUjA karane lage / svAtidatta ko jaba isa bAta kA patA calA to vaha bhagavAn se dharma carcA karane AyA aura bolA-mahArAja ! 'AtmA' kyA vastu hai ?

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tapasvI-jIvana 43 mahAvIra-jo 'maiM' zabda kA vAcyArtha hai vahI AtmA hai arthAt maiM sukhI, maiM duHkhI ityAdi vAkyoM meM 'maiM' zabda se jisa padArtha kI pratIti hotI hai vahI 'AtmA' hai| svAtidatta-AtmA kA kyA svarUpa hai ? usakA kyA lakSaNa hai ? mahAvIra-AtmA ati sUkSma aura rUpAtIta hai / isakA lakSaNa 'cetanA' hai| svAtidatta--sUkSma kA artha kyA hai ? mahAvIra-jo indriyoM se na jAnA jAya / svAtidatta---zabda, gandha aura vAyu aise mAne jA sakate haiM ? mahAvIra-nahIM, zabda zrotragrAhya hai, gandha nAsikA kA viSaya hai aura vAyu kA sparzendriya se pratyakSa hotA hai / jo kisI bhI indriya kA viSaya na ho vaha 'sUkSma' hai| svAtidatta-to kyA 'jJAna' kA nAma AtmA hai ? mahAvIra-'jJAna' AtmA kA asAdhAraNa guNa hai / jisameM yaha jJAna ho vaha 'jJAnI' AtmA kahalAtA hai / svAtidatta mahArAja ! 'pradezana' kA kyA artha hai ? mahAvIra-'pradezana' kA artha hai upadeza aura vaha do prakAra kA haidhArmika pradezana aura adhArmika pradezana / svAtidatta-mahArAja ! 'pratyAkhyAna' kise kahate haiM ? mahAvIra-pratyAkhyAna kA artha hai niSedha / pratyAkhyAna bhI do prakAra kA hai-mUlaguNapratyAkhyAna aura uttaraguNapratyAkhyAna / AtmA ke dayA, satyavAditA Adi mUla-svAbhAvika guNoM kI rakSA tathA hiMsA, mRSAvAditA Adi vaibhAvika pravRttiyoM kA tyAga mUlaguNapratyAkhyAna hai aura mUlaguNoM ke sahAyaka sadAcAra ke pratikUla vartana ke tyAga kA nAma hai uttaraguNapratyAkhyAna /

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44 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ukta praznottaroM se svAtidatta ko vizvAsa ho gayA ki devArya kore tapasvI hI nahIM jJAnI bhI haiM / cAturmAsya ke bAda bhagavAn vicarate hue jaMbhiyagA~va meM padhAre / 13. terahavA~ varSa jaMbhiyagA~va meM kucha samaya Thahara kara bhagavAn vahA~ se miDhiya hote hue chammANi gaye aura gA~va ke bAhara kAyotsarga dhyAna kiyA / sandhyA ke samaya eka gvAlA bhagavAn ke samIpa baila chor3a kara gA~va meM calA gayA aura jaba vaha vApasa lauya to use baila vahA~ nahIM mile / usane bhagavAn se pUchA'devArya ! mere baila kahA~ haiM ? bhagavAn mauna rahe / isa para usa gvAle ne kruddha hokara bhagavAn ke donoM kAnoM meM kATha ke kIle Thoka die / ____ chammANi se bhagavAna madhyamA padhAre aura bhikSAcaryA meM phirate hue siddhArtha vaNika ke ghara gaye / siddhArtha apane mitra kharaka vaidya se bAteM kara rahA thA / bhagavAn ko dekha kara vaha uThA aura AdarapUrvaka vandana kiyA / usa samaya bhagavAn ko dekha kara kharaka bolA-bhagavAn kA zarIra sarvalakSaNa saMpanna hote hue bhI sazalya hai / siddhArtha ne kahA-mitra bhagavAn ke zarIra meM kahA~ kyA zalya hai ? jarA dekho to sahI / dekha kara kharakane kahA-yaha dekho, bhagavAn ke kAnoM meM kisIne kaTazalAkAyeM ThoMka dI haiM / siddhArtha-devAnupriya ! zalAkAyeM jaldI nikAla DAlo / mahAtapasvI ko Arogya pahu~cAne se hameM bar3A puNya hogA / - vaidya aura vaNika zalAkA nikAlane ke lie taiyAra hue para bhagavAn ne svIkRti nahIM dI aura Apa vahA~ se cala diye / __ bhagavAn ke sthAna kA patA lagA kara siddhArtha aura kharaka auSadha tathA AdamiyoM ko sAtha lekara udyAna meM gaye aura bhagavAn ko tailadroNI meM biThAkara

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tapasvI - jIvana 45 tela kI mAliza karavAI / phira aneka manuSyoM se pakar3avA kara kAnoM meM se kaTazalAkAyeM khIMca nikalavAIM / zalAkA nikAlate samaya bhagavAn ke mukha se eka bhISaNa cIkha nikala par3I / isa prakAra viSama upasarga tathA ghora parISahoM ko sahate hue aura vividha tapa-dhyAna kA nirantara abhyAsa karate hue dRr3ha-pratijJA vIra bhagavAn ne sAr3he bAraha varSa se kucha adhika samaya taka kaThina sAdhanA kI aura krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha jaise kaSAyoM ke hrAsa se Apa meM kSamA, mArdava, Arjava aura saMtoSa prabhRti Atmika guNoM kA vikAsa huA / ApakA vyaktitva lokottara aura jIvana sphaTikamaNi sA nirmala ho gayA / isa dIrghakAlIna vihAracaryA meM bhagavAn ne jo jo ghora tapazcaryAyeM kIM unakI tAlikA isa prakAra hai-- 1 SANmAsika / 1 pA~ca dina kama SANmAsika / 9 cAturmAsika / 2 trimAsika / 2 sArdha dvimAsika / 6 dvimAsika / 2 sArdha mAsika / 12 mAsika / 72 pAkSika / 1 solaha upavAsa / 12 aSTama bhakta / 229 SaSTha bhakta / isake atirikta dazama bhakta Adi tapazcaryAyeM bhI bhagavAn ne kI thIM aisA AcArAGga sUtra se jJAta hotA hai / For Private Personal Use Only

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ukta tapazcaryAoM ke saMdhi dina (bhojana dina) 349 hote haiM arthAt ukta sAr3he bAraha varSa ke dIrghakAla meM bhagavAn ne kevala 349 dina hI bhojana kiyA thA aura sabhI upavAsa nirjala hI kie the / madhyamA ke udyAna se vicarate hue zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra jaMbhiyagA~va ke samIpa RjuvAlukA nadI ke uttara taTa para sthita devAlaya ke samIpa sAlavRkSa ke nIce ukaDu Asana se dhyAnAvasthita hue / nirjala SaSThabhaktapratyAkhyAna kara Apane zukla-dhyAna kA Arambha kiyA aura zIghra hI isa dhyAna kI prathama do zreNiyoM ko pAra karake jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya ina cAra ghAtikarmoM kA kSaya kiyA aura usI samaya (vaizAkha zuklA dazamI ke dina, cauthe pahara ke samaya) Apane kevalajJAna tathA kevaladarzana ko prApta kara liyA / aba bhagavAn sarvajJa evaM sarvadarzI hue / sampUrNa lokAlokAntargata bhUta bhaviSyat, sUkSma vyavahita, mUrtAmUrta samasta padArtha Apake jJAna meM Alokita

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tIsarA pariccheda tIrthaMkara-jIvana RjuvAlukA ke taTa para prathama samavasaraNa bhagavAn kI kaivalya prApti kA samAcAra pAkara devoM ne svarga se Akara samavasaraNa (dharmasabhA) kI yojanA kI / isa prathama samavasaraNa meM devatA loga hI upasthita the ata: viratirUpa saMyama kA lAbha kisI prANI ko nahIM ho sakA / yaha Azcaryajanaka ghaTanA jainAgamoM meM 'acherA' (AzcaryajanakaasvAbhAvika) nAma se prasiddha hai| una dinoM madhyamA nagarI meM eka dhArmika prakaraNa cala rahA thA / somilArya nAmaka eka brAhmaNa apane yahA~ eka bar3A bhArI yajJa karA rahA thA / isameM bhAga lene ke lie usane deza-dezAntaroM se bar3e bar3e vidvAnoM ko Amantrita kiyA thA / bodhiprApta mahAvIra ne dekhA ki madhyamA nagarI kA yaha prasaMga apUrva lAbha kA kAraNa hogA / yajJa meM Aye hue vidvAn brAhmaNa pratibodha pAyeMge aura dharma tIrtha ke AdhArastaMbha baneMge, yaha soca kara bhagavAn ne sandhyA samaya vahA~ se vihAra kara diyA aura rAta bAraha yojana (48 kosa) cala kara madhyamA ke mahAsena nAmaka udyAna meM vAsa kiyA / dUsarA samavasaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dUsarA samavasaraNa madhyamA nagarI ke mahAsena udyAna meM huA / vaizAkha zukla ekAdazI ko prAta:kAla se hI madhyamA ke usa udyAna kI tarapha nAgarikoM ke samUha umar3a par3e the / apane apane vaibhavAnusAra sajadhaja kara samavasaraNa meM jAne ke liye mAnoM ve eka dUsare se hoDa lagA rahe

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra the| thor3e hI samaya meM deva-dAnavoM aura manuSya-tiryaMcoM ke samUhoM se mahAsena vana meM sabhA ke rUpa meM eka nagara basa gayA / usa mahatI sabhA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sarvabhASAnugAminI ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM eka pahara taka dharmopadeza diyA jisameM loka-aloka, jIva-ajIva, puNya-pApa, Asrava-saMvara, nirjarA, bandha aura mokSa kA astitva siddha kiyA / naraka kyA hai, naraka meM duHkha kyA hai, jIva naraka meM kyoM jAte haiM aura tiryaMcagati meM jIvoM ko kisa prakAra zArIrika evaM mAnasika kaSTa sahana karane par3ate haiM isakA varNana kiyA / devagati meM puNya phaloM ko bhoga kara avirata jIva kisa prakAra phira saMsAra kI nAnA gatiyoM meM bhramaNa karate haiM isakA bhI Apane digdarzana karAyA / anta meM bhagavAn ne manuSyagati ko adhika mahattvapUrNa aura durlabha batAte hue use saphala banAne ke lie pA~ca mahAvrata, pA~ca aNuvrata, sAta zikSAvrata aura samyaktvadharma kA upadeza diyA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jJAna aura lokottara upadeza kI sarvatra prazaMsA hone lagI / madhyamA ke cauka aura bAjAroM meM unhIM kI carcA hone lagI / isa carcA ko somila ke atithi vidvAnoM ne sunA / ve caukanne ho gaye / yoM to somilArya ke ina mehamAnoM kI saMkhyA hajAroM kI thI para unameM gyAraha vidvAn-1. indrabhUti, 2. agribhUti, 3. vAyubhUti, 4. vyakta 5. sudharmA, 6. maMDika, 7. mauryaputra, 8. akampita, 9. acalabhrAtA, 10. metArya aura 11. prabhAsa vizeSa pratiSThita the / 1. indrabhUti magadha dezAntarvartI govaragA~va ke rahanevAle gautamagotrIya brAhmaNa the / inake pitA kA nAma vasubhUti aura mAtA kA nAma pRthivI thA / usa samaya indrabhUti kI umra 50 varSa kI thI / Apa 500 chAtroM ke mukhyAdhyApaka the / 2. agnibhUti indrabhUti ke bhAI the / inakI 46 varSa kI umra thii| ye 500 chAtroM ke mukhyAdhyApaka the / 3. vAyubhUti indrabhUti ke bhAI the / inakI 42 sAla kI umra thI /

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49 tIrthakara-jIvana ye bhI 500 chAtroM ke mukhyAdhyApaka the / 4. vyakta kollAga-saMniveza ke rahanevAle bhAraddhAjagotrIya brAhmaNa the / inakI mAtA vAruNI aura pitA dhanamitra the / inakI umra 50 sAla kI thI / Apa 500 chAtroM ke mukhyAdhyApaka the / 5. sudharmA kollAga-saMnivezanivAsI agnivaizyAyanagotrIya brAhmaNa the / inakI mAtA bhaddilA aura pitA dhammila the / inakI avasthA 50 sAla kI thI / ye bhI 500 chAtroM ke pradhAnAdhyApaka the / 6. maMDika maurya-saMniveza ke rahanevAle vAsiSThagotrIya brAhmaNa the / inakI mAtA vijayadevA aura pitA dhanadeva the / usa samaya inakI umra 53 varSa kI thI / ye 350 chAtroM ke pradhAnAdhyApaka the / 7. mauryaputra bhI maurya-saMniveza-nivAsI kAzyapagotrIya brAhmaNa the / inakI mAtA vijayadevA aura pitA maurya the / usa samaya ApakI avasthA 67 sAla kI thI / Apa 350 chAtroM ke adhyApaka the / 8. akampita mithilA ke gautamagotrIya brAhmaNa the / inakI mAtA jayantI aura pitA deva the / usa samaya inakI umra 48 sAla kI thI, Apa 300 chAtroM ke upAdhyAya the / 9. acalabhrAtA kosalAnivAsI hArItagotrIya brAhmaNa the / ApakI mAtA nandA aura pitA vasu the / usa samaya inakI avasthA 46 sAla kI thI / ye 300 chAtroM ke upAdhyAya the / 10. metArya vatsadeza ke tuMgika-saMniveza ke rahanevAle kauDinyagotrIya brAhmaNa the / inakI mAtA varuNadevA aura pitA datta the / inakI umra 36 sAla kI thI / ye 300 chAtroM ke adhyApaka the / 11. prabhAsa rAjagRha nivAsI kauDinyagotrIya brAhmaNa the / inakI mAtA atibhadrA aura pitA bala the / usa samaya prabhAsa kI umra kevala 16 varSa kI thI / Apa 300 chAtroM ke pradhAnAdhyApaka the / zramaNa-4

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ye sabhI kulIna brAhmaNa somilArya ke AmaMtraNa se apane-apane chAtra parivAra ke sAtha madhyamA Aye the / pratyeka ko kisI na kisI viSaya meM zaMkA banI huI thI parantu ve kabhI kisI ko pUchate nahIM the, kyoMki unakI vidvattA kI prasiddhi unheM aisA karane se rokatI thii| indrabhUti kI pravrajyA mahAvIra kI sarvajJatA ke samAcAra sarvaprathama indrabhUti gautama ke kAnoM taka pahu~ce / unako kabhI vizvAsa nahIM thA ki saMsAra meM unase bar3hakara bhI koI vidvAn ho sakatA hai / ve mahAsena udyAna kI tarapha se AnevAloM se bAra-bAra pUchate-"kyoM kaisA hai vaha sarvajJa ?" uttara milatA-"kucha na pUchiye jJAna aura vANImAdhurya meM unakA koI samakakSa nahIM / " isa janapravAda ne indrabhUmi ko eka prakAra se uttejita kara diyA / unhoMne isa nUtana sarvajJa se bhir3akara apanI tAkata kA paricaya dene kA nizcaya kiyA aura apane chAtrasaMgha ke sAtha mahAsena udyAna kI ora cala die / aneka vicAra-vimarza ke anta me indrabhUti bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dharmasabhA ke dvAra taka pahu~ce aura vahIM stabadha se hokara khar3e raha gaye / indrabhUti ne apane jIvanakAla meM bahuta paMDita dekhe the, bahutoM se Takkara lI thI, bahutoM ko vAdasabhA meM nirutara karake nIcA dikhAyA thA aura yahA~ bhI ve isI vicAra se Aye the, para jaba unhoMne mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa ke dvAra meM paira rakkhA to mahAvIra ke yogaizvaryya aura bhAmaNDala ko dekhakara ve cauMdhiyA gaye; unakI vijayakAmanA zAMta ho gaI / ve apanI avicArita pravRtti para aphasosa karane lage / phira socA yadi ye merI zaMkAoM ko binA pUche hI nirmUla kara deM to inheM sarvajJa mAna sakatA huuN| indrabhUti isa udher3abuna meM hI the ki bhagavAn mahAvIra unheM saMbodhita karate hue bole--gautama ! kyA tumheM puruSa (AtmA) ke astitva ke saMbandha meM zaMkA hai ? indrabhUti-hA~ mahArAja, mujhe isa viSaya meM zaMkA-sI rahatI hai kyoMki "vijJAnaghana evaitebhyo bhUtebhyaH samutthAya tAnyevAnu vinazyati na pretya

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tIrthaMkara - jIvana 51 saMjJAsti / " ityAdi vedavAkya bhI isI bAta kA samarthana karate haiM ki bhUta samudAya se cetana padArtha utpanna hotA hai aura usImeM lIna ho jAtA hai; paraloka kI koI saMjJA nahIM / bhUtasamudAya se hI vijJAnamaya AtmA kI utpatti kA artha to yahI hai ki bhUtasamudAya ke atirikta puruSa kA astitva hI nahIM / mahAvIra - aura yaha bhI to tuma jAnate ho ki veda se puruSa kA astitva bhI siddha hotA hai / indrabhUti -- jI hA~, " sa vai ayamAtmA jJAnamayaH "2 ityAdi zrutivAkya AtmA kA astitva bhI batA rahe haiM / inase zaMkA honA svAbhAvika hI hai ki 'vijJAnaghana' ityAdi zruti vAkya ko pramANa mAnakara bhUtazakti ko hI AtmA mAnA jAe athavA AtmA kA svataMtra astitva mAnA jAe / mahAvIra -- mahAnubhAva indrabhUti ! 'vijJAnaghana' ityAdi padoM kA jaisA tuma artha samajha rahe ho vAstava meM vaisA nahIM hai / agara isa zrutivAkya kA vAstavika artha samajha liyA hotA to tumheM koI zaMkA hI na hotI / indrabhUti - kyA isakA vAstavika artha kucha aura hai ? mahAvIra -- hA~ ! 'vijJAnaghana' isa zruti kA vAstavika artha aura hI hai / tuma 'vijJAnaghana' kA artha pRthivyAdi bhUtasamudAya se utpanna 'cetanApiNDa' aisA karate ho para vastutaH 'vijJAnaghana' kA tAtparya vividhajJAnaparyAyoM se hai / AtmA meM pratikSaNa navIna jJAnaparyAyoM kA AvirbhAva tathA pUrvakAlIna jJAnaparyAyoM kA tirobhAva hotA rahatA hai / jaba eka puruSa ghaTa ko dekhatA hai aura usakA cintana karatA hai to usa samaya usakI AtmA meM ghaTaviSayaka jJAnopayoga utpanna hotA hai jise hama ghaTaviSayaka 'jJAnaparyAya' kahate haiM / jaba vahI puruSa ghaTa 1. yaha vedavAkya AvazyakaTIkA meM se liyA gayA hai| bRhadAraNyakopaniSad meM yaha vAkya isa rUpa meM milatA hai "vijJAnaghana evaitebhyo bhUtebhyaH samutthAya tAnyevAnu vinazyati na pretya saMjJAstItyare bravIti hovAca yAjJavalkyaH / " bRhadAraNyakopaniSad 12-538 / 2. AvazyakaTIkA meM uddhRta yaha vAkya 'bRhadAraNyakopaniSad' (4-4--5) meM milatA hai aura isase milatA julatA 'ya eSa vijJAnamayaH puruSaH ' vAkya bRhadAraNyaka ( pR0 521) meM upalabdha hotA hai / For Private Personal Use Only

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52 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pazcAt paTadi anya padArthoM ko dekhegA taba use paTAdi kA jJAna prakaTa hogA aura pUrvakAlIna ghaTajJAna tirohita (vyavahita) ho jAyagA / anyAnya padArthaviSayaka jJAna ke paryAya hI 'vijJAnaghana' (vividha paryAyoM kA piNDa) hai jo bhUtoM se utpanna hotA hai / yahA~ 'bhUta' zabda kA artha pRthivyAdi pA~ca bhUta nahIM hai / yahA~ isakA artha hai 'prameya'-arthAt pRthivI, jala agni, vAyu tathA AkAza nahIM parantu jar3a cetana samasta jJeya (jAnane yogya) padArtha / saba jJeya padArtha AtmA meM apane svarUpa se bhAsamAna hote haiM-ghaTa ghaTarUpa meM bhAsatA hai, paTa paTarUpa meM / ye bhinna-bhinna pratibhAsa hI jJAnaparyAya haiM / jJAna aura jJAnI (AtmA) meM kathaMcit abheda hone ke kAraNa bhUtoM se arthAt bhinna-bhinna jJeyoM se vijJAnadhana arthAt 'jJAna-paryAyoM kA utpanna honA aura uttarakAla meM una paryAyoM kA tirohita (vyavahita) honA kahA hai| ___na pretyasaMjJAsti' kA artha 'paraloka kI saMjJA nahIM' aisA nahIM hai / vAstava meM isakA artha 'pUrvaparyAya kA upayoga nahIM' aisA hai / jaba puruSa meM naye-naye jJAnaparyAya utpanna hote haiM taba usake pUrvakAlIna upayoga vyavahita ho jAne se usa samaya smRtipaTa para sphuTita nahIM hote isI artha ko lakSya karake 'na pretyasaMjJAsti' yaha vacana kahA gayA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mukha se vedavAkya kA samanvaya sunate hI indrabhUti ke mana kA andhakAra vicchinna ho gayA / ve donoM hAtha jor3a kara bolebhagavan ! ApakA kathana yathArtha hai| prabho ! maiM ApakA pravacana sunanA cAhatA huuN| gautama kI prArthanA para mahAvIra ne nigraMtha pravacana kA upadeza diyA / upadeza suna kara ve saMsAra se virakta hokara nirgrathadharma meM pravrajita hue / gautama ke 500 chAtra bhI jo unake sAtha hI Ae the, mahAvIra ke pAsa pravrajita hue aura ve sabhI indrabhUti ke ziSya rahe / indrabhUti kI pravrajyA kI bAta pavanavega se madhyamA meM pahu~cI / nagara bhara meM yahI carcA hone lagI / koI kahatA 'indrabhUti' jaise jinake Age ziSya ho gae una mahAvIra kA kyA kahanA hai ! sacamuca ve jJAna ke athAha samudra

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tIrthaMkara - jIvana 53 aura dharma ke avatAra / dUsarA kahatA- ajI, kucha karAmAta jAnate hoMge / anyathA indrabhUti jaise vidvAna kA isa prakAra mohita ho kara apane chAtrasaMgha ke sAtha unakA ziSya bana jAnA saMbhava nahIM / unakA choTA bhAI agnibhUti unakI vidvattA kA itanA kAyala thA ki vaha yaha to mAnane ko taiyAra ho sakatA thA ki sUrya kA udaya pazcima meM ho parantu yaha nahIM ki indrabhUti kisI se hAra jAe aura usakA ziSya ho jAe / vaha kucha krodha, kucha Azcarya aura kucha abhimAna ke bhAvoM ke sAtha apane chAtramaMDala sahita mahAsena udyAna kI ora cala par3A / use pUrNa vizvAsa thA ki kisI bhI taraha vaha mahAvIra ko parAsta karake bar3e bhAI indrabhUti ko vApasa le AegA | agnibhUti kI pravrajyA agnibhUti jaba nagara se nikalA to usake zarIra meM bar3I tejI thI para jyoM jyoM vaha Age bar3hane lagA tyoM-tyoM usakA zarIra bhArI hone lagA / jaba vaha samavasaraNa ke sopAnamArga taka pahu~cA to usake pairoM ne javAba de diyA / usake mana kA joza bilakula ThaMDA par3a gayA / vaha socane lagAkyA sacamuca ye sarvajJa hI haiM, kyA isI kAraNa indrabhUti ne apanI hAra mAna lI hai ? yadi yahI bAta hai to maiM yahIM se eka prazna pUchUMgA / yadi mujhe ThIka uttara mila jAegA to maiM bhI inheM sarvajJa mAna lU~gA / agnibhUti dvAra para hI khar3e the ki mahAvIra ne unheM saMbodhita kiyA-priya agnibhUti, kyA tumheM karma ke astitva ke viSaya meM zaMkA hai ? agnibhUti - hA~ mahArAja, karma ke astitva ko maiM saMdeha kI dRSTi se dekhatA hU~ kyoMki "puruSa evedaM agraM sarvaM yadbhUtaM yacca bhAvyaM"" ityAdi zruti 1. AvazyakaTIkA meM saMpUrNa zrutivAkya isa prakAra hai " puruSa evedaM gniM sarvaM yadbhUtaM yacca bhAvyam utAmRtatvasyezAno yadannenAtirohati yadejati yannaijati yaddUre yadu antike / yadantarasya sarvasya yadu sarvasyA'sya bAhyataH ||" 'vAjasaneyIsaMhitA' (40-5) meM bhI uparyukta vAkya hI milatA hai / 'IzAvAsyopaniSad' meM tadejati tannaijati, taddUre tadantike / tadantarasya sarvasya tadu sarvasyAsya For Private Personal Use Only

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54 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra puruSAdvaita kA pratipAdana kara rahI hai aura jaba dRzya, adRzya bAhya abhyantara, bhUta evaM bhaviSyat saba kucha 'puruSa' hI hai to puruSa ke atirikta koI padArtha hI nahIM / yuktivAda bhI karma kA astitva siddha nahIM kara sakatA / karmavAdI kahate haiM-jIva pahale karma karatA hai phira usakA phala bhogatA hai / parantu yaha siddhAnta tarkavAda kI kasauTI para Tika nahIM sakatA / 'jIva' nitya 'arUpI' aura 'cetana' mAnA jAtA hai aura 'karma' 'anitya' 'rUpI' aura "jar3a' / ina paraspara viruddha prakRtivAle jIva aura karma kA eka dUsare ke sAtha saMbandha kaisA mAnA jAyegA-sAdi athavA anAdi ? jIva aura karma kA saMbandha 'sAdi' mAnane kA artha yaha hogA ki pahale 'jIva' karmarahita thA aura amuka kAla meM usakA karma se saMyoga huA / parantu yaha mAnyatA karmasiddhAnta ke anukUla nahIM / karmasiddhAnta ke anusAra jIva kI mAnasika vAcika aura kAyika pravRttiyA~ hI karmabandha kA-jIvakarma ke saMyoga kA kAraNa hotI haiM / mana, vacana aura kAya ye svayaM karmaphala haiM kyoMki pUrvabaddha karma ke udaya se hI mana Adi tattva jIva ko prApta hote haiM / isa dazA meM 'abaddha' jIva kisI bhI prakAra 'baddha' nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki usake pAsa bandhakAraNa nahIM hai / yadi binA kAraNa bhI jIva 'karmabaddha' mAna liyA jAya to karmamukta siddhAtmAoM ko bhI punaH karmabaddha mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hogI / isa prakAra karmavAdiyoM kA 'mokSa' tattva nAma mAtra ko raha jAyagA / vastutaH koI bhI AtmA 'mukta' ThaharegA hI nahIM / ataH 'abaddha' jIva kA 'bandha' mAnanA doSApatti-pUrNa hai / jIva aura karma kA 'anAdi saMbaMdha bhI saMgata nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki jIva-karma kA saMbaMdha 'anAdi' hogA to vaha 'AtmasvarUpa' kI hI taraha 'nitya' bhI hogA, aura 'nitya' padArtha kA kabhI nAza na hone se vaha kabhI bAhyataH' yaha pATha milatA hai / 'vAjasaneyIsaMhitA' (32-2) 'zvetAzvataropaniSad' (249) aura 'puruSasUkta' meM 'puruSa evedaM sarvaM yadbhUtaM yacca bhAvyam utAmRtatvasyezAno yadannenAtirohati / " vaha pATha upalabdha hotA hai /

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tIrthakara-jIvana karmamukta nahIM hogA / jaba jIva kI karma se mukti hI nahIM to vaha usake liye prayatna hI kyoM karegA ? mahAvIra-mahAnubhAva agnibhUti ! tumhArI ina dalIloM se hI prakaTa hotA hai ki tumane 'vedavAkya' kA vAstavika artha nahIM samajhA / 'puruSa evedaM' yaha zrutivAkya 'puruSAdvaita' kA sAdhaka nahIM, parantu yaha eka stutivAkya hai / ___ agnibhUti-isa zrutivAkya ko 'stutivAkya' kyoM mAnA jAya aura 'puruSAdvaitasAdhaka' kyoM nahIM ? mahAvIra-puruSAdvaitavAda dRSTApalApa aura adRSTakalpanA doSoM se dUSita hai| agnibhUti-yaha kaise ? / mahAvIra-puruSAdvaita ke svIkAra meM yaha pRthivI, pAnI, agni, vAyu Adi pratyakSa dRzya padArthoM kA apalApa hotA hai aura sat-asat se vilakSaNa 'anirvacanIya' nAmaka eka adRSTa padArtha kI kalpanA karanI par3atI hai / agnibhUti-mahArAja ! isameM apalApa kI bAta nahIM hai / puruSAdvaitavAdI isa dRzya jagata ko puruSa se abhinna mAnate haiM / jar3a cetana kA bheda vyAvahArika kalpanAmAtra hai / vastutaH jo kucha dRzyAdRzya aura carAcara padArtha hai saba puruSasvarUpa hai| mahAvIra-puruSa dRzya hai yA adRzya ? agnibhUti-puruSa rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparzAdihIna adRzya hai / isakA indriyoM dvArA pratyakSa nahIM hotA / mahAvIra--ye padArtha kyA hai jo A~khoM se dekhe jAte haiM, kAnoM se sune jAte haiM, nAka se sUMghe jAte haiM, jIbha se cakhe jAte haiM aura tvacA se sparza kie jAte haiM ? agnibhUti-yaha saba nAmarUpAtmaka jagat hai / mahAvIra-yaha puruSa se bhinna hai yA abhinna ? /

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56 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra agnibhUti-~-yaha saba puruSa se abhinna hai| mahAvIra-abhI tumane kahA thA ki 'puruSa' adRzya hai, indriyAtIta hai / isa 'puruSAbhinna' nAmarUpAtmaka jagat kA indriyoM se kaise pratyakSa ho rahA hai ? / agnibhUti---isa nAmarUpAtmaka dRzya jagat kI utpatti mAyA se hotI hai| mAyA tathA usakA kArya nAmarUpa sat nahIM hai kyoMki kAlAntara meM usakA nAza ho jAtA hai| mahAvIra-to kyA dRzya jagata asat hai ? agnibhUti-nahIM / jaise yaha sat nahIM vaise asat bhI nahIM, kyoMki jJAnakAla meM vaha satrUpa se pratibhAsita hotA hai / mahAvIra-sat bhI nahIM aura asat bhI nahIM / taba ise kyA kahoge ? agnibhUti-sat-asat se vilakSaNa isa mAyA ko hama 'anirvacanIya' kahate haiM / ___ mahAvIra-Akhira puruSAtirikta 'mAyA' nAmaka eka vilakSaNa padArtha mAnanA hI par3A / taba kahA~ rahA tumhArA puruSAdvaitavAda ? priya agnibhUti ! jarA soco, ye dRzya padArtha puruSa se abhinna kaise ho sakate haiM ? yaha dRzya jagat yadi 'puruSa' hI ho to 'puruSa' kI hI taraha vaha bhI indriyAtIta honA cAhie / para tuma pratyakSa dekhate ho ki yaha indriyagocara hai| pratyakSadarzana ko tuma bhrAnti nahIM kaha sakate / agnibhUti-ise bhrAnti mAnane meM kyA Apatti hai ? mahAvIra-bhrAntijJAna uttarakAla meM bhrAnta siddha hotA hai / jise tuma bhrAnti kahate ho vaha kabhI bhrAntirUpa siddha nahIM hotA, ataH yaha nirbAdha jJAna hai, bhrAnti nahIM / agnibhUti--yaha mAyA puruSa kI hI zakti hai aura puruSa vivarta meM nAma-rUpAtmaka jagata bana kara bhAsamAna hotA hai / vastutaH mAyA puruSa se bhinna

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana vastu nahIM / mahAvIra--yadi mAyA puruSa kI zakti hI hai to yaha bhI puruSa ke jJAnAdi guNoM kI taraha arUpI adRzya honI cAhie / parantu yaha to hai dRzya / ataH siddha hotA hai ki mAyA puruSa kI zakti nahIM / yaha eka svataMtra padArtha hai| __puruSavivarta mAnane se bhI puruSAdvaita kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI kyoMki puruSavivarta kA artha hai puruSa ke mUla svarUpa kI vikRti, parantu puruSa meM vikRti mAnane se use sakarmaka hI mAnanA par3egA, akarmaka nahIM / jisa prakAra khAlisa pAnI meM khamIra nahIM utpanna hotA usI taraha akarmaka jIva meM vivarta nahIM ho sakatA / ___puruSavAdI jisa padArtha ko mAyA athavA ajJAna kA nAma dete haiM vaha vastutaH AtmAtirikta jar3a padArtha hai / puruSavAdI ise sat yA asat na kaha kara 'anirvacanIya' kahate haiM jisase siddha hotA hai ki yaha puruSa se bhinna padArtha hai / isIliye to ve ise puruSa kI taraha 'sat' nahIM mAnate / 'asat' na mAnane kA tAtparya to kevala yahI hai ki yaha mAyA AkAzapuSpa kI taraha kalpita vastu nahIM hai| ___ agnibhUti-ThIka hai / dRzya jagat ko 'puruSamAtra' mAnane se pratyakSa anubhava kA nirvAha nahIM ho sakatA, yaha maiM samajha gayA hU~ / parantu jar3a tathA rUpI karma-dravya ceTana tathA arUpI AtmA ke sAtha kaise saMbaddha ho sakatA hai aura usa para acchA-burA asara kaise DAla sakatA hai ? mahAvIra-jisa prakAra arUpI AkAza ke sAtha rUpI dravyoM kA saMparka hotA hai usI taraha arUpI AtmA kA rUpI karmoM ke sAtha saMbandha hotA hai / jisa prakAra brAhmIauSadhi aura madirA AtmA ke arUpI caitanya para bhalAburA asara karate haiM usI taraha arUpI cetanA AtmA para rUpI jar3a karmoM kA bhI bhalA-burA asara ho sakatA hai / isa lambI carcA ke bAda agnibhUti ne bhagavAn mahAvIra kA siddhAnta

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra svIkAra kara liyA / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA upadeza suna kara agnibhUti ne pratibodha pAyA aura apane chAtramaNDala ke sAtha bhagavAn ke caraNoM meM zrAmaNya aMgIkAra kiyA / zarIrAtirikta AtmA kI siddhi tathA vAyubhUti kI dIkSA agnibhUti kI dIkSA se madhyamA meM Ae hue saba brAhmaNa vidvAnoM ke garva cUrNa ho gaye / aba unako vizvAsa ho gayA ki mahAvIra sarvajJa hai / phira bhI vAyubhUti gautama aura anya vidvAnoM ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se bheMTa karane aura unake jJAna-vairAgya kI parIkSA karane kA nizcaya kiyA aura ve apane apane chAtramaNDaloM ke sAtha mahAsena udyAna kI ora cala par3e / saba ke Age vAyubhUti thA / vAyubhUti samavasaraNa meM pahu~cA to bhagavAn ke alaukika teja se usake netra cauMdhiyA gae / vaha apanA prazna (pUchane ko hI thA ki) bhagavAn ne usakI mAnasika zaGkA ko vyakta karate hue kahA-vAyubhUti ! kyA tumheM zarIra se bhinna jIva kI sattA ke viSaya meM zaMkA hai ? vAyubhUti-jI hA~ / maiM aisA samajhatA hU~ ki zarIra se bhinna jIva kI koI sattA nahIM / kyoMki 'vijJAnaghana' ityAdi zrutivAkya bhI yahI pratipAdana karatA hai ki yaha jJAnAtmaka 'AtmapadArtha' ina bhUtoM se prakaTa hotA hai aura inhIM meM vilIna ho jAtA hai / punarjanma jaisA koI bhAva nahIM hai / mahAvIra-aura AtmA kA astitva bhI veda se siddha hotA hai / "satyena labhyastapasA hyeSa brahmacaryeNa" ityAdi zrutivAkya AtmA ke astitva ko bhI siddha karate haiM / 1. saMpUrNa zrutivAkya AvazyakaTIkA meM isa prakAra hai"satyena labhyastapasA hyeSa brahmacaryeNa nityam / jyotirmayo hi zuddho yaM pazyanti dhIrA yatayaH saMyatAtmAnaH // " muNDakopaniSad (140) meM yaha pATha isa prakAra hai"satyena labhyastapasA hyeSa brahmacaryeNa nityam / antaH zarIre jyotirmayo hi zubhro yaM pazyanti yatayaH kSINadoSAH" /

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana bhUtasamudAyAtmaka zarIra ko 'AtmA' mAnane se kAma nahIM calegA kyoMki kArya kAraNAnurUpa hotA hai / tila ke pratyeka dAne meM tela hotA hai tabhI usake samudAya se tela nikalatA hai / retI ke kaNoM meM tela na hone se usake samudAya se bhI vaha kabhI prakaTa nahIM hotA / bhUta jar3a svarUpa hai| unakA samudAya bhI jar3a hI hogA / usameM caitanya kabhI prakaTa nahIM ho sakatA / vAyubhUti-ApakA 'kAraNAnurUpa kArya' vAlA niyama avyApaka hai / madirA ke pratyeka aMga meM mAdakatA nahIM hotI, phira bhI usake sammizraNa se utpanna huI madirA meM vaha avazya hotI hai| isase siddha huA ki 'kAraNAnurUpa hI kArya ho' aisA aikAntika niyama nahIM hai / mahAvIra-priya vAyubhUti ! madirA ke dRSTAnta se 'kAraNAnurUpa kArya kA niyama' vighaTita nahIM hotA / madirA ke pratyeka aMga me mAdakatA nahIM hotI, yaha kathana se vAstavikatA se dUra hai / madirA ke pratyeka aMga meM anabhivyakta avasthA meM mAdakatA hai / tabhI unake saMdhAna meM vaha khamIra rupa se abhivyakta hotI hai / yadi aisA na ho to dUsare padArthoM ke saMdhAna meM vaha kyoM nahIM abhivyakta hotI / amuka padArthoM meM hI vaha utpanna hotI hai aura amuka meM nahIM, isase bhI kyA siddha nahIM hotA ki vaha zakti una padArthoM meM pahale hI se sannihita rahatI hai jo kAraNa pAkara prakaTa hotI hai ? vAyubhUti-acchA yadi yaha mAna bhI leM ki jar3a se cetana kI utpatti nahIM hotI to bhI bhUtoM se atirikta AtmA ke astitva meM pramANa kyA hai ? mahAvIra-jJAnI manuSyoM ke liye to AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi ke lie kisI pramANa kI jarUrata hI nahIM hai / ve ise hastAmalakavat sAkSAt dekhate haiM / carma-netravAloM ke liye AtmA avazya eka pahelI hai / unake liye AtmA gUDhAtigUDha aura sUkSmAtisUkSma padArtha hai jise ve anumAna se jAna sakate haiN| manuSya, pazu, pakSI, kITa-pataMga, vRkSa, latA Adi jIvadhArI padArthoM kI pravRttiyoM kA nirIkSaNa kIjie / saba apane anukUla vedanIya kI ora

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra pravRtta aura pratikUla vedanIya se nivRtta hote haiM / kITa-pataMga taka bhI Aga, pAnI Adi aniSTakArI tattvoM kI gaMdha pAte hI usase bacane kI ceSTA karate haiM / kyA isase yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki ina saba dehadhAriyoM meM koI adRzya zakti hai jisase ve apane bhale-bure kA vicAra karate haiM ? mahAnubhAva vAyubhUti ! yaha zakti jisase ki ve apanA hita-ahita samajhate haiM zarIra kA dharma nahIM ho sakatI / avazya hI isa niyAmaka zakti kA udgamasthAna zarIra se bhinna hai, aura vahI kriyAvAdiyoM kA 'Atma' padArtha hai / maiM sukhI hU~, maiM duHkhI hU~, maiMne khAyA, maiMne kiyA ityAdi vAkyoM meM 'maiM' zabda se jo apanA sUcana karatA hai vaha vAstava meM zarIra nahIM para zarIrAzrita AtmA hai| mRta zarIra meM isa prakAra kI koI bhI ceSTA nahIM hotI / yadi vaha zarIradharma ho to zarIra ke rahate usakA lopa nahIM ho sakatA / isase siddha hai ki zArIrika ceSTAoM kA kartA zarIra nahIM varaMca tadgata AtmA hai / vAyubhUti-zarIragata jJAnamaya pravRttiyoM kI anyathAanupapatti hI zarIrAtirikta 'Atma' padArtha kI sAdhikA hai athavA aura bhI koI pramANa hai / mahAvIra-vAyubhUti, isa saMsAra kI vicitratA jise tama dekha rahe ho kisakA kArya ho sakatA hai ? sukhI-duHkhI, sadhana-nirdhana, svAmI-sevaka, bhalA-burA ye saba vividhatAe~ kisakA pariNAma ho sakatA hai ? vAyubhUti--ina vividhatAoM kA kAraNa svabhAva hI to ho sakatA hai mahAvIra-kisakA svabhAva ? vAyubhUti-padArthoM kA / mahAvIra-yadi tumhArI mAnyatAnusAra saMsAra meM bhUtoM ke sivA koI padArtha hI nahIM hai taba to yaha jagadvaicitrya kisI prakAra saMgata ho hI nahIM sakatA kyokiM 'bhUta' jar3a padArtha haiM / ina jar3oM meM aisI kauna-sI niyAmaka zakti hai jo saMsAra meM vicitratA lA degI ? bhale hI Aga meM jalane-jalAne kA svabhAva ho para vaha svayaM nahIM jala sakatI / isI taraha bhUtoM meM bhale hI saba kucha karane kI zakti ho para ve svayaM kucha nahIM kara sakate / inakA

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana koI niyojaka cetana hogA tabhI ye saMsAra kI vicitratA kA kAraNa ho sakeMge / ataeva bhUtoM se vilakSaNa 'cetana' mAnanA jarUrI hai / AtmA kA astitva mAna lene para bhI saMsAra kI vividhatA siddha nahIM ho sakatI jaba taka ki cetana aura jar3a ke bIca meM koI viziSTa saMbaMdha na mAnA jAe kyoMki jar3a se nirlepa rahatA huA cetana jar3a padArtha kA koI niyamana athavA upayoga nahIM kara sakatA / miTTI kA sparza na karanevAlA kumhAra miTTI ke baratana nahIM banA sakatA / vAyubhUti-taba kyA kumhAra kI taraha cetana bhI jar3a padArthoM se isa jagat kI racanA karatA hai ? mahAvIra-merA abhiprAya yaha nahIM hai / kumhAra kI taraha koI bhI cetanazakti isa saMsAra kI racanA nahIM karatI / mere kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki isa jagata meM cetana aura jar3a do zaktiyA~ kAma kara rahI haiM / ina do zaktiyoM ke bIca vaha saMbaMdha hai jo vijAtIya do padArthoM ke bIca ho sakatA hai / cetana, jise hama AtmA kahate haiM aura jar3a, jise hama karma kahate haiM, anAdi kAla se dUdha aura ghI kI taraha eka dUsare se mile hue haiM / dUdha ko hama dekhate haiM para ghRta kA anumAnamAtra kara sakate haiM / isa taraha saceSTa zarIra ko dekhate haiM aura AtmA kA anumAna karate haiM / cetana se lipta karmANuoM se saMsAra meM yaha vicitratA utpanna hotI hai / jo cetana zubha karmoM se lipta hotA hai vaha saMsAra meM acchI sthiti pAtA hai aura jo azubha karmadaloM se saMbaddha hotA hai vaha burI sthiti ko prApta hotA hai / isa prakAra saMsAra ke vaicitrya kA kAraNa saMsArI jIva aura unake zubhaazubha karma haiM, kevala bhUtoM kA svabhAva nahIM / aba vAyubhUti ne bhagavAn mahAvIra kA siddhAnta svIkAra kara liyA aura saparivAra zramaNadharma kI dIkSA le bhagavAn ke ziSya ho gaye / Aryavyakta kI dIkSA aba bhagavAn mahAvIra ne Aryavyakta ko saMbodhita kiyA aura bole

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62 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra Aryavyakta, kyA tumheM brahma ke sivA anya padArthoM kI vAstavikatA ke viSaya meM zaMkA hai ? vyakta-jI hA~ / veda meM "svapnopamaM vai sakalamityeSa brahmavidhiraJjasA vijJeyaH" ityAdi vacanoM se saba kucha svapnatulya batAyA hai| kevala brahmaAtmA ko hI sat kahA hai / veda meM hI "pRthivI devatA, Apo devatA" ityAdi vAkyoM se pRthivyAdi bhUtoM kI sattA bhI pratipAdita kI hai| isa sthiti meM yaha nizcaya karanA ati kaThina hai ki jagat ko kisa rUpa meM mAnA jAya, sat yA asat ? mahAvIra-mahAnubhAva ! "svapnopamaM vai" ityAdi veda vAkya ko tumane yathArtharUpa meM nahIM samajhA / yaha veda-pada koI vidhivAkya nahIM hai jaisA ki tuma samajha rahe ho / sarva svapna tulya hone kA artha yaha nahIM ki brahma ke atirikta koI sat padArtha hI nahIM / ukta upadezavAkya hai aura vaha adhyAtmacintA kA upadeza karatA huA sUcita karatA hai ki dhana-yauvana, putra kalatrAdi padArtha jina para mugdha hokara yaha saMsArI jIva apanA hitamArga cUka rahA hai, sAMsArika sukha ke pralobhanoM meM pha~sa kara Atmahita meM pramAda kara rahA hai, vaha padArtha vastutaH nAzazIla hai / kyA sAmAnya manuSya aura kyA devendra cakravartI saba AyuSya kI sAMkaloM meM ba~dhe hue haiM / jaba ve sAMkaleM TUTeMgI, jaba AyuSya kI DorI pUrI hogI taba bhADe ke ghara kI taraha isa deha ko chor3a kara svakarmAnusAra dehAntara dhAraNa kareMge, aura usa hAlata meM yahA~ ke saMbandha aura saMbandhI kevala nAmazeSa ho jAya~ge / ataH AtmArthI jana kA kartavya hai ki vaha ina sAMsArika kSaNika saMbandhoM, kSaNika sukhoM meM na phaMsa kara Atmahita kI cintA kareM / bhagavAn ne vistArapUrvaka jar3a cetana kI carcA karake donoM ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana kiyA / Aryavyakta kI saba zaMkAe~ dUra huIM aura usane bhI chAtramaMDalI ke sAtha nigraMtha- zramaNa-dharma kI pravrajyA grahaNa karake apane ko dhanya mAnA / 1-2. ye vAkya kina vaidika granthoM ke haiM isakA kucha patA nahIM lagA /

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana sudharmA kI dIkSA tatpazcAt mahAvIra ne sudharmA ko sambodhita karate hue kahA-sudharman ! kyA tuma yaha mAnate ho ki saba prANI mara kara apanI hI yoni meM utpanna hote haiM ? __sudharmA--'jI hA~ / veda vAkya bhI mere ina vicAroM ke samarthaka haiM / zAstra meM kahA hai-'puruSo vai puruSatvamaznute pazavaH pazutvam' puruSa puruSapana pAtA hai aura pazu pazupana / ' mahAvIra-'isake virodhI vAkya bhI milate haiM / kyA yaha tumako mAlUma hai ?' sudharmA-jI hA~ / 'zRgAlo vai eSa jAyate yaH sapurISo dahyate / ' isa vAkya se manuSya kA bhavAntara meM siyAla honA bhI likhA hai / ina paraspara virodhI vAkyoM se yadyapi isa viSaya meM kucha nizcaya nahIM hotA / para jahA~ taka maiM samajha pAyA hU~, bhavAntara meM prANimAtra kA sAdRzya pratipAdaka vedavAkya hI yuktisaMgata mAlUma hotA hai / kyoMki yaha eka aTala niyama hai ki kArya hamezA kAraNAnurUpa hI hotA hai / gehU~ se gehU~ kI hI utpatti hotI hai, jau kI nahIM / isI taraha manuSya Adi prANI mara kara phira manuSya Adi hI hone cAhiye / mahAvIra-mahAnubhAva ! tumane kArya kAraNa kI bAta kahI so to ThIka hai| hama bhI yahI mAnate haiM ki kAraNAnurUpa kArya hotA hai| isIliye gehU~ se gehU~ aura jau se jau kI hI utpatti hotI hai para isa kAryakAraNa ke niyama se aihika sAdRzya siddha ho sakatA hai janmAntara kA nahIM / gehU~ ke dAne se naye gehu~oM kI utpatti hotI hai yaha bAta satya hai parantu isakA yaha artha kabhI nahIM ho sakatA ki usI kAraNarUpa gehU~ ke jIva ne usase utpanna honevAle gehU~ ke dAnoM meM janma liyA hai| kAraNa aura kAryarUpa gehU~ ke dAnoM meM kevala zArIrika kAryakAraNa bhAva hotA hai, Atmika nahIM / isI prakAra manuSya tathA tiryaMca Adi meM bhI zArIrika kAryakAraNa bhAva hotA hai| manuSya ke manuSya-dehadhArI saMtAna hotI hai aura pazu ke pazu-dehadhArI / yadi yaha niyama na hotA to manuSya se pazu aura pazu se

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64 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra manuSyazarIra bhI utpanna ho sakatA / mahAzaya sudharman ! pratyeka jantu kA jIva judA aura zarIra judA hotA hai| pUrva zarIra uttara zarIra kA kAraNa ho sakatA hai para uttara bhava kA nahIM / bhavaprApti kA kAraNa jIvoM ke zubha-azubha karma hote haiM jo jIva jisa prakAra ke bhalebure karmoM se apanI AtmA ko bA~dhatA hai, vaha usI prakAra kI bhalIburI gatiyoM meM jAkara utpanna hotA hai / isameM usakA pUrvabhavika zarIra kucha asara nahIM kara sakatA / isa bhava kA manuSya zArIrika mAnasika aura vAcika azubha pravRttiyoM se azubha karma bA~dha kara nAraka aura tiryaMca ho sakatA hai aura zubha pravRttiyoM se manuSya aura deva bhI ho sakatA hai| isI taraha isa bhava kA pazu azubha karmoM se phira tiryaMca aura nAraka ho sakatA hai aura vahI tiryaMca zubha karmoM ke pratApa se manuSya aura deva taka ho sakatA hai / isase tuma samajha sakate ho ki prANiyoM kA punarjanma unake karmoM para AdhAra rakhatA hai zarIra para nahIM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke isa spaSTIkaraNa se sudharmA kA saMdeha nivRtta ho gayA aura nirgrantha-pravacana kA sAra sunane ke bAda ve apane chAtramaMDala ke sAtha zramaNa-dharma kI dIkSA le bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ziSya ho gaye / maMDika sudharmA ke bAda maMDika kA mAnasika saMdeha vyakta karate hue mahAvIra bole-Arya maMDika ! kyA tumheM AtmA ke bandha-mokSa ke viSaya meM zaMkA hai| maMDika-jI hA~ / merI aisI mAnyatA hai ki 'AtmA' eka svaccha sphaTika sA padArtha hai / isakA karmoM se bandha-mokSa tathA naye-naye rUpoM meM saMsAra meM bhaTakanA buddhigrAhya nahIM ho sakatA hai / zAstra meM bhI AtmA ko triguNAtIta, abaddha aura vibhu batAyA hai| zAstra meM likhA hai-"sa eSa viguNo vibhurna badhyate saMsarati vA na mucyate mocayati vA, na vA eSa bAhyamAbhyantaraM vA veda / " 1. isa zruti kA bhAva sAMkhyakArikA naM0 62 ke bhAva se milatA hai / tasmAnna badhyate nApi mucyate nApi saMsarati kazcit / saMsarati badhyate mucyate ca nAnAzrayA prakRtiH // sAMkhyakArikA naM0 62

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana 65 Apa hI kahiye, jo viguNa (sattva-raja-tamoguNAtIta), bAhya (zArIrika) tathA Abhyantara (mAnasika) sukha-duHkhoM ke prabhAvoM se pare hai, vaha kisa kAraNa se karma-baddha hogA? aura jisakA bandhana hI nahIM, usake chUTane kI bAta hI kahA~ ? isa prakAra jo abaddha hogA vaha saMsAra-bhramaNa bhI kisa kAraNa karegA ? mahAvIra-ukta zrutivAkya meM jo AtmA kA svarUpa-varNana hai vaha kevala siddha AtmAoM ko hI lAgU hotA hai, saMsArI AtmAoM ko nahIM / maMDika-siddha aura saMsArI AtmAoM meM kyA bhinnatA hai ? mahAvIra---yoM to AtmasvarUpa se sabhI AtmAyeM eka sI haiM parantu upAdhibheda se unameM bhinnatA mAnI gaI hai / jo AtmAyeM tapa-dhyAna-yogAnuSThAna se sampUrNa karmAMzoM se mukta hokara svasvarUpa ko pA letI haiM unako hama 'siddha' kahate haiM / aura jo karmayukta AtmAyeM haiM, zArIrika mAnasika aura vAcika pravRttiyoM dvArA bhale-bure karma kara nAnA gatiyoM meM bhramaNa kiyA karatI haiM, ve saMsArI AtmAyeM haiM / ukta vedavAkya meM jo vibhu AtmA kA nirUpaNa hai vaha karmamukta siddhAtmAoM ko hI lAgU hotA hai kyoMki ukta sabhI vizeSatAyeM unhIM meM vidyamAna hotI haiM, saMsArI jIvoM meM nahIM / maMDika--'siddha'aura 'saMsArI' do taraha kI AtmAoM kI kalpanA karane ke badala sabhI AtmAoM ko karmamukta siddhasvarUpa mAna liyA jAya to kyA Apatti hai ? mahAvIra-saMsArI AtmAoM karmarahita (taTastha) mAna lene para jIvoM meM jo karmajanya sukha-duHkha ke anubhava kA vyavahAra hotA hai vaha nirAdhAra siddha hogA / 'maiM sukhI hU~, maiM duHkhI hU~' ityAdi vyavahAra kA AdhAra jIvoM ke karmaphala mAne jAte haiM / yadi hama sabhI jIvoM ko karmarahita mAna leMge to isa sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa kyA mAnA jAyagA ? maMDika-AtmA ko buddhi aura zarIra se apanA judApana jJAta na hone se buddhi meM honevAle sukha-duHkhajanya asaroM ko vaha apane meM mAna letA hai aura 'maiM sukhI, maiM duHkhI' ityAdi vacanoM se unheM prakaTa karatA hai, para paramArtha zramaNa-5

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66 dRSTi se ye asara AtmA meM nahIM, antaHkaraNa meM hote hai / mahAvIra -- taba AtmA kA zarIra aura antaHkaraNa ke sAtha aisA koI gAr3ha sambandha honA cAhiye jisase vaha unameM apanApana mAna lene kI bhUla karatA hogA / zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra maMDika -- hA~, aisA hI hai / dUdha meM rahA huA ghI dUdha se bhinna hote hue bhI bhinna nahIM dIkhatA / aise hI AtmA zarIra se bhinna hote hue bhI ghaniSTha sambandha ke kAraNa vaha apane ko bhinna nahIM samajhatI aura isI abhedajJAna ke vaza apane meM buddhi dvArA par3ate hue zArIrika sukha-duHkhoM ke pratibiMboM ko vaha apanA sukha-duHkha mAnakara apane ko sukhI - duHkhI mAnA karatA hai / sphaTika svayaM ujjvala hotA hai, phira bhI sannidhi ke kAraNa, lAla, nIlA, pIlA, kAlA ane rUpoM meM dIkhatA hai / yahI dazA AtmA kI bhI hai / svayaM svaccha sphaTika samAna nirmala hote hue bhI upAdhivaza vaha aneka rUpoM meM dIkhatI hai / mahAvIra -- AtmA kA zarIra athavA antaHkaraNa ke sAtha jo ghaniSTha sambandha hai usI ko hama 'bandha' kahate haiM / AtmA sva svarUpase ujjvala hai, isameM koI virodha nahIM, para jaba taka vaha sakarmaka hai, zarIradhArI hai, taba taka karmaphala se malina hai / isa malina prakRti ke kAraNa naye-naye karma bA~dhatI rahatI hai aura una karmoM ke anusAra U~ca-nIca gatiyoM meM bhaTakatI hai, yahI isakA saMsAra - bhramaNa hai / sukha-duHkha kI utpatti antaHkaraNa meM hotI hai aura anta:karaNa hI usakA anubhava karatA hai, yaha mAnyatA bhI tarkasaMgata nahIM hai / jJAna cetana kA dharma hai, jar3a kA nahIM / antaHkaraNa jar3a padArtha hai / use sukha-duHkha kA jJAna kabhI nahIM ho sakatA / anubhava kA honA to nirvivAda hai, ata: sukhaduHkha kA anubhavakartA aura vacana dvArA vyaktakarttA tattva anta:karaNa se bhinna hai / isI tattva ko hama AtmA kahate haiM / jaba taka AtmA ko saMsAra se mukta hone kA sAdhana prApta nahIM hotA taba taka vaha cAturgatika saMsAra meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai aura apane karmoM kA phala For Private Personal Use Only

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tIrthaMkara - jIvana 67 I bhogatA rahatA hai / jisa samaya ise guru dvArA athavA svayaM mokSamArga kI prApti hotI hai taba yaha mukti ke liye udyama karane lagatA hai aura karmabandhanoM ko kSaya karake mukti ko prApta kara letA hai / mahAnubhAva maMDika, hamAre isa kathana kA nIce likhe vedavAkya se bhI samarthana hotA hai-- " na ha vai sazarIrasya priyApriyayorapahatirasti, azarIraM vA vasantaM priyA'priye na spRzataH / " " bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mukhAravindu se bandhamokSa kI vyAkhyA ko sunakara maMDika kA ajJAnAndhakAra naSTa ho gayA aura vaha nirgrantha pravacana kA sAra sunakara saparivAra unake caraNoM meM pravrajita ho gayA / mauryaputra aba bhagavAn mahAvIra ne mauryaputra kI zaMkA ko prakaTa karate hue kahA- mauryaputra ! kyA tumheM devoM ke astitva meM zaMkA hai ? 'mauryaputra -- jI hA~, 'deva' nAmadhArI prANiyoM kI koI svataMtra duniyA hai athavA viziSTa sthiti - saMpanna manuSya hI 'deva' kahalAte haiM, isa viSaya meM maiM saMdehazIla hU~ / isa sambandha meM zAstra kI bhI ekavAkyatA nahIM / " ko jAnAti mAyopamAn gIrvANAnindriyamavaruNakuverAdIn" ityAdi zAstravAkya indra, yama, varuNa, kuverAdi devoM ko svapnopama (svapnatulya-asat) batAte haiM aura "sa 12 1. yaha pATha chAndogyoniSad (445) meM kucha pheraphAra ke sAtha milatA hai--na ha vai sazarIrasya sataH priyA'priyayorapahatirastyazarIraM vA vasantaM na priyA'priye spRzataH // 1 // artha --'jaba taka AtmA zarIradhArI hai isake sukha - duHkhoM kA anta nahIM hai aura zarIra rahita honepara sukha-du:kha isakA sparza nahIM karate / ' 2. yaha vAkya kisa vaidika grantha kA hai isakA patA nahIM calA / lekhaka ne yaha pATha AvazyakaTIkA meM se uddhRta kiyA hai / For Private Personal Use Only

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68 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra zrutivAkya yajamAna " eSa yajJAyudhI yajamAno'JjasA svargalokaM gacchati / "" yaha ko yajJa kI sahAyatA se svargagati kI prApti batAtA hai / abhUmAgaman jyotiravidAma devAn / kiM nUnamasmAttRNavadarAtiH 'apAma somamamRtA kimu dhUtiramRta martyasya "2 yaha vedavAkya bhI devaloka kA astitva sUcita karatA hai / ina paraspara viruddha vAkyoM se kucha bhI nizcaya nahIM hotA / mahAvIra ---- mahAnubhAva mauryaputra ! "mAyopamAn" ityAdi zrutivAkya kA vAstavika artha tuma samajha nahIM pAe / isIse tuma zaMkAkula ho rahe ho / vastutaH ukta zruti devoM ke astitva kA niSedha nahIM karatI balki unakI anityatA sUcita karatI hai / deva jo kalpasthAyI dIrghAyuSI hote haiM ve bhI Akhira svapna kI taraha nAmazeSa ho jAte haiM, to manuSyAdi alpajIviyoM kA to kahanA hI kyA hai ? isa bhAva ko pratipAdana karane ke liye pUrvokta RSivAkya prayukta huA hai, na ki devatva kA abhAva batAne ke liye / mauryaputra -- 'devaloka' nAmaka eka nayI duniyA kI kalpanA karane ke badale yahI kyoM na mAna liyA jAya ki viziSTa sthiti - saMpanna manuSya hI 'deva' hai ? " mahAvIra -- manuSyagati vaha gati hai jahA~ janma pAe hue prANI sukhaduHkha mizrita jIvana vyatIta karate haiM / manuSya loka meM aisA kauna sA prANI hai jo duHkha se alipta kevala sukha meM hI jIvana gujAratA ho ? garbhAvAsa kA duHkha kisa manuSya ne nahIM bhogA ? zArIrika aura mAnasika pIr3AoM ne kisa manuSya ko achUtA chor3A hai ? isa mAnava saMsAra meM aisA kauna manuSya hai jo sAMsArika icchAoM ko pUrNa karake marA ho ? mahAnubhAva, mAnava saMsAra kiyA 1. yaha vAkya hameM vaidika granthoM meM nahIM milaa| yahA~ AvazyakaTIkA meM se uddhRta I 2. yaha zruti AvazyakaTIkA ke anusAra hai / yaha zrutivAkya 'RgvedasaMhitA' (848-3) tathA 'atharvazira upaniSad / ' (3) meM isa prakAra milatA hai apAma somamamRtA abhUmAgaman jyotiravidAma devAn kimasmAn kRNavadarAtiH kimu dhUrtiramRtaM martye ca // " For Private Personal Use Only

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana 69 kI isa apUrNa sukha sAmagrI ko dekhakara mAnanA hogA ki manuSya loka kevala puNya-phala bhogane kA sthAna nahIM, ataH kevala puNya kA phala bhogane ke lie koI bhinna sthAna avazya honA cAhiye jahA~ para utpanna hone vAle jIva dIrghakAla paryanta kevala sukha hI sukha bhogate hoM / yahI sthAna 'devaloka' haiM aura inameM utpanna hokara hajAroM, lAkhoM, karor3o aura arabo kharaboM varSoM se bhI adhika samaya taka puNya-karmoM ke phala bhogane vAle 'deva' / hA~, uttama prakRti ke guNI manuSyoM ko 'upacAra' se 'deva' kaha sakate hai, para utpatti se deva to vahI kahalAyeMge jo svargaloka meM utpanna hokara manuSyoM se anekagunI zakti aura vilakSaNa divya kAnti ko dhAraNa karanevAle hoMge / ___ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ukta khulAse se mauryaputra kI zaMkA nivRtti ho gaI aura nigraMtha pravacana kA zravaNa karane ke uparAnta ve apane chAtramaMDala ke sAtha bhagavAn ke pAsa dIkSita ho gae / akampika aba bhagavAn akampika kA manogata saMdeha vyakta karate hue bolekyoM akampika ! tumhAre citta meM naraka ke astitva ke bAre meM saMdeha hai ? akampika-jI hA~ ! yadyapi dArzanika loga 'naraka' nAmaka eka agamya sthAna kI kalpanA karate haiM para merI samajha meM to yaha korI kalpanA hI hai, prAmANika vastu nahIM / jise vidvAn loga 'naraka' kahate haiM, mere vicAra se usakA tAtparya manuSya jIvana kI eka nikRSTatama dazA se hai / mahAvIra-manuSya kI nikRSTa dazA ko naraka mAnane se karmasiddhAnta kA nirvAha nahIM ho sakatA / manuSya kitanA bhI du:khI kyoM na ho, phira bhI usameM sukha kA aMza rahatA hI hai / jo jIva jIvana paryanta hiMsA, asatya, corI, vyabhicAra aura parigraha meM lIna rahate haiM, hajAroM ke prANa haraNa karate haiM, saiMkar3oM asatyabhASaNa karate haiM, lAkhoM ko lUTate haiM, asaMkhya anAcAra karate haiM aura duniyA bhara ke rAjya aura parigraha ikaTThA kara unhIM pravRttiyoM meM apanI jIvana-yAtrA samApta karate haiM unake liye kyA nikRSTa manuSyagati athavA koTapataMgAdi ke janma hI paryApta hoMge ? aise krUra karmakAriyoM kA chuTakArA manuSya

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70 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra athavA tiryaMcagati ke duHkhoM se hI nahIM ho sakatA / unake karmaphala bhogane ke liye koI aisA sthAna cAhiye, jahA~ sukha kA aMza bhI na ho aura jahA~ unake AyuSya karor3oM varSoM aura isase bhI adhika lambe hoM / isa prakAra kevala duHkhAtmaka sthAna 'naraka' kahalAte haiM / akampika-lekina 'na ha vai pretya narake nArakAH santi / '' isa prakAra ke vacanoM se to yahI siddha hotA hai ki 'marakara naraka meM nAraka nahIM hote' phira naraka kI kalpanA kyoM karanA cAhiye / __mahAvIra-zAstra meM naraka kA pratipAdana bhI to kiyA hai / 'nArako vai eSa jAyate yaH zUdrAnnamaznAti / 2 isa vedavAkya meM zUdra kA anna khAnevAle ko nAraka honA likhA hai / akampika-paraspara viruddha vAkyoM kA samanvaya kisa prakAra ho sakatA hai ? mahAvIra-ina vAkyoM meM vAstavika koI virodha nahIM hai / prathama zAstravAkya narakagati se nikalanevAle jIvoM ko lakSya karake kahA gayA hai ki nAraka marakara naraka meM janma nahIM letA / isI bhAva ko lakSya meM rakha kara prathama vAkya meM naraka meM 'nArakoM kI utpatti kA niSedha kiyA hai, anya jIvoM kI utpatti kA nahIM / bhagavAn ke isa vivecana se akampika kA 'naraka' viSayaka saMdeha nivRtta ho gayA aura vaha nirgrantha pravacana kA sAra pAkara bhagavAn ke pAsa chAtramaNDala ke sAtha pravrajita ho gayA / acalabhrAtA paMDita acalabhrAtA kI zaMkA ko prakaTa karate hae bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA-paMDita ! kyA tumheM puNyapApa ke astitva ke viSaya meM zaMkA hai ? 1. yaha vacana kisa vaidika grantha kA hai, isakA patA nahIM lagA / 2. yaha vedapada kisa grantha kA hai, isakA patA nahIM lagA / lekhaka ne yaha pATha AvazyakaTIkA se uddhRta kiyA hai /

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana acalabhrAtA-jI hA~ / eka ora to zAstra meM 'puruSa evedamagni sarvaM yad bhUtaM yacca bhAvyam / utAmRtatvasyezAno yadannenAtirohati' ityAdi zruti se puruSA'dvaita kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai aura dUsarI ora 'puNyaH puNyena pApaH pApena karmaNA / '' Adi veda vAkya puNya pApa kA astitva siddha karate haiM / ina vividha vAkyoM se yaha nizcaya karanA kaThina ho jAtA hai ki puNya-pApa koI vAstavika padArtha haiM yA kalpanA mAtra ? mahAvIra-"puruSa evedaM" ityAdi veda vAkya arthavAda mAtra haiM / inase puruSa kA mahattva mAtra sthApita hotA hai na ki anya tattvoM kA abhAva 'puNyaH puNyena' ityAdi vAkya koI aupacArika vacana nahIM, saiddhAntika vacana hai / punarjanma aura karmatattva kA astitva isameM gabhita hai jo tarkasaMgata aura vyAvahArika vastu hai / agnibhUti ke sAmane jisa prakAra puruSA'dvaitavAda kA khokhalApana siddha kiyA thA usI taraha acalabhrAtA ke Age bhI puruSAdvaitavAda kA nirasana karake bhagavAn ne puNya-pApa kA astitva siddha kara diyA / isase acalabhrAtA kA saMdeha dUra huA aura nirgrantha pravacana kA sAra sunakara unhoMne bhI apanI chAtramaMDalI ke sAtha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa pravrajyA grahaNa kI / metArya paMDita metArya ko punarjanma ke saMbandha meM zaMkA thI / 'vijJAnaghana' ityAdi zrutivAkyoM se usake dila meM paralokavAda meM saMzaya ho rahA thA / yadi bhUtapariNAma hI cetana hai to unake vinAza ke sAtha hI usakA vinAza bhI nizcita hai| isa prakAra ke vicAroM se metArya kA citta bhautikavAda kI tarapha AkRSTa ho rahA thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne 'vedavAkya' kA vAstavika artha samajhAkara bhautikavAda kA khaNDana kiyA aura bhUtAtirikta AtmA kA astitva siddha karake punarjanma ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA / 1. puNyo vai puNyena karmaNA bhavati pApaH pApeneti / bRhadAraNyakoniSad 560 / puNyaH puNyena karmaNA bhavati pApaH pApeneti / bRhadAraNyakopaniSad 632 /

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra isa amRtavANI se metArya ke saba saMzaya dUra hue aura vaha bhI apanI ziSyamaNDalI ke sAtha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zramaNa parivAra meM sammilita ho gae / 72 prabhAsa anta meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vidvAna prabhAsa kA manogata saMzaya vyakta karate hue kahA-- -kyoM prabhAsa ! tumheM mokSa ke viSaya meM saMdeha hai ? prabhAsa - jI hA~ / mokSa ke viSaya meM mere mana meM zaMkA hai / mokSa kA artha yadi karmoM se mukta honA hai to yaha asaMbhava hai, kyoMki jIva aura karmoM kA saMbaMdha anAdi hai ataH use ananta bhI honA cAhiye --- jo anAdi hai vaha ananta bhI hai jaise AtmA / veda meM bhI mokSa kA koI vidhAna bhI nahIM hai zAstra meM to "jarAmaryaM vA yadagnihotram / " ityAdi vacanoM se jIvana paryanta ke liye agnihotra hI vidheyakarma likhA hai / yadi mokSa koI vAstavika padArtha hotA to usakI siddhi ke liye bhI avazya koI anuSThAna vihita hotA / mahAvIra - anAdi vastu ananta bhI honI hI cAhiye aisA aikAntika niyama nahIM hai / suvarNAdi khanija padArtha anAdikAla se mRttikAdi se sambaddha hote hue bhI agni Adi ke saMyoga se nirmala ho jAte haiM / isI prakAra jIva bhI anAdi kAla se karmaphala se sambaddha hote hue jJAna dhyAna Adi upakaraNoM kI sahAyatA se mokSa prApta kara letA hai / yaha ho sakatA hai ki karmakANDapradhAna vaidika RcAoM meM mokSa tathA usake sAdhana kA vidhAna na ho parantu veda ke hI antima bhAga, upaniSadoM meM to isake spaSTa ullekha milate haiM / 1. yaha vAkya AvazyakaTIkA se liyA gayA hai / yaha zrutivAkya nArAyaNopaniSad (293) meM isa prakAra milatA hai - 'etadvai jarAmaryamagnihotraM sUtram / " "taittirIyAraNyaka" (10--64) tathA mahAnArAyaNopaniSad (25) meM yaha pATha hai- "jarAmaryaM vA etatsarvaM yadagnihotram / " For Private Personal Use Only

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tIrthaMkara - jIvana 73 'dve brahmaNI veditavye paramaparaM ca tatra paraM satyaM jJAnaM anantaraM brahma" ityAdi vAkyoM dvArA vaidika RSiyoM ne 'brahma' athavA 'ananta brahma' ke nAma se jisa tattva kA nirdeza kiyA hai, usIko hama 'nirvANa' athavA 'muktAvasthA' kahate haiM / ukta vivecana se prabhAsa kI nirvANa viSayaka zaMkA dUra ho gaI / vaha bhI apane chAtramaNDala ke sAtha nirgratha pravacana kI dIkSA le bhagavAn ke zramaNasaMgha meM sammilita ho gayA / isa prakAra madhyamA ke samavasaraNa ( dharmasabhA) meM eka hI dina meM 4411 brAhmaNoM ne nirgratha pravacana ko svIkAra kara devAdhideva bhagavAn mahAvIra ke caraNoM meM natamastaka ho zrAmaNya dharma ko aMgIkAra kiyA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne indrabhUti Adi pramukha gyAraha vidvAnoM ko apane mukhya ziSya banAkara unheM 'gaNadhara ( samudAya ke nAyaka ) pada se suzobhita kiyA aura unakI chAtramaNDaliyoM ko unhIM ke ziSya rahane kI AjJA dI / indrabhUti Adi vidvAnoM aura unakI chAtra- maNDalI ke atirikta aneka nara-nAriyoM ne bhagavAn mahAvIra kA divya upadeza sunA aura saMsAra se virakta hokara zramaNadharma aMgIkAra kiyA / jina zraddhAlu vyaktiyoM ne apane ko zramaNadharma ke lie asamartha pAyA unhoMne gRhasthadharma svIkAra kara zramaNopAsaka tathA zramaNopAsikA rUpa meM bhagavAn ke saMgha meM praveza kiyA / 1. AvazyakaTIkA meM ukta vAkya hai / taittirIyopaniSad (182) meM -- "satyaM jJAnamanantaM brahma / " aura muNDakopaniSad (119) meM - " tasmai sa hovAca dve vidye veditavye iti ha sma yad brahmavido vadanti parA cAparA ca // 14 // " ye vAkya milate haiM / 2. gyAraha meM se nau gaNadhara to bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM hI mukta hue aura indrabhUti gautama ne bhI bhagavAn ke nirvANa ke dina kevalajJAna prApta kara liyA / anta meM sabhI gaNa dIrghajIvI sudharmA ke saMrakSaNa meM hI rahe / For Private Personal Use Only

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74 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra isa prakAra zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vaizAkha zuklA ekAdazI ke dina madhyamAnagarI ke mahAsena nAmaka udyAna meM sAdhu-sAdhvI-zrAvakazrAvikArUpa caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA kI / isake pazcAt bhagavAn mahAvIra ne saparivAra rAjagRha ke liye prasthAna kiyA / rAjagRha meM, jo usa samaya saMpanna nagaroM meM se eka thA, zaizuvaMzIya rAjA zreNika rAjya karate the| inake aneka rAniyA~ aura rAjakumAra the / sabase choTI rAnI cellanA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mAmA vaizAlIpati ceTaka kI putrI aura jaina zramaNopAsikA (zrAvikA) thI / rAjakumAroM meM abhayakumAra Adi bhI nigraMtha pravacana ke anuyAyI the / nAgarathika, sulasA Adi dUsare bhI aneka rAjagRha nivAsI nigraMtha pravacana ko mAnanevAle the| ina saba bAtoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara bhagavAn mahAvIra madhyamA se vihAra karate hue rAjagRha ke guNazIla caitya meM jAkara Thahare / / bhagavAn ke Agamana kA samAcAra rAjagRha ke kone-kone meM pahu~ca gayA / pariNAmasvarUpa rAjA zreNika, rAjaparivAra, rAjakarmacArI, seTha-sAhUkAra aura sAdhAraNa prajAgaNa guNazIla caitya kI tarapha cala par3e / kucha hI samaya meM hajAroM manuSyoM kI bhIr3a se udyAna bhara gayA / saba loga bhagavAn ko vandana kara upadeza zravaNa karane ke lie yathAsthAna baiTha gaye / devanirmita samavasaraNa meM U~ce Asana para baiThakara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne usa mahatI sabhA meM hRdayagrAhI dharmopadeza diyA / bhagavAn ne batalAyA ki anAdi ananta saMsAra meM bhaTakate hue jIva ko manuSyatva, dharmazravaNa, satyazraddhA tathA saMyamavIrya-ye cAra padArtha bar3I kaThinatA se prApta hote haiM / ye cAroM mokSaprApti meM sahAyaka banate haiM, ata: inase yathocita lAbha uThAnA hara eka vyakti kA kartavya hai / __manuSya, deva, tiryaJca aura nAraka-gatirUpa yaha saMsAra eka raMgabhUmi hai / isameM saMsArI jIva apane karmoM ke anusAra kabhI manuSya kabhI deva kabhI tiryaJca aura kabhI nAraka ke rUpa meM prakaTa hote haiM aura kSaNika lIlA dikhA

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tIrthaMkara - jIvana 75 kara cale jAte haiM / isa saMsAra - nATaka kA kabhI anta nahIM hotA aura isake pAtroM ko kabhI vizrAma nahIM milatA / isa ananta kAlIna nATaka meM jIvoM kA saba se adhika samaya tiryaJcagati meM gayA, usase kama deva aura nArakagati ke rUpoM meM aura saba se kama manuSyagati ke rUpa dhAraNa karane meM vyatIta huA hai [ mAnava bhava durlabha hai / AtmA kI mukti manuSya bhava meM-- kevala manuSya bhava meM hI hotI hai / deva bhava puNya phala bhoga kI apekSA zreSTha ho sakatA hai para Atmahita kI dRSTi se vaha manuSya bhava kA mukAbalA nahIM kara sakatA / tiryaJca aura nAraka bhava prAyaH pApa phala bhogane ke sthAna hone se ina gatiyoM ke jIva Atmika unnati karane meM asamartha hote haiM / anantakAla taka bhaTakate-bhaTakate kabhI jIva ko manuSya bhava to nasIba ho jAtA hai / parantu jaba taka use dharmazravaNa Adi viziSTa sAmagrI nahIM milatI, taba taka kevala manuSya bhava hitasAdhaka nahIM ho sakatA / anArya manuSya hI hote haiM para unake jIvana kA kyA upayoga hai ? 'dharma' ye do akSara bhI jinake kAnoM meM nahIM par3ate ve manuSya hokara bhI kyA Atmahita kara sakate haiM ? anAryoM ko svabhAvataH dharmazravaNa durlabha hotA hai, para Arya nAmadhArI saba manuSya bhI zravaNa ke adhikArI nahIM hote / pramAda, lobha, bhaya, ahaMkAra, ajJAna aura moha Adi aneka kAraNoM ke vaza kulIna AryoM ko bhI dharmazravaNa nasIba nahIM hotA / jinake antarAya karma vivara dete haiM, jinake jJAnAvaraNIyAdi karma kSayopazama ko prApta hote haiM ve hI jIva dharmazravaNa kara sakate haiM / satya zraddhA dharmazravaNa karane vAle sabhI zraddhAlu nahIM hote / dharmatattva ko suna kara bhI sabhI usa para vizvAsa nahIM lAte / kucha vyakti kuladharma ke rAga se, kucha satyadharma ke dveSa se, kucha tattva ko na samajhane se aura kucha matavAdiyoM ke bahakAve meM Akara zravaNa kiye tattva para zraddhA nahIM lAte / satya para satyatA kI aura asatya para asatyatA kI buddhi nahIM karate / pariNAmataH unakA tattvazravaNa niSphala jAtA hai / For Private Personal Use Only

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76 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra jinake bhavabhramaNa kA anta nikaTa A gayA ho, antaraMga netra khula gaye hoM aura Atmika sukha prApti kA samaya maryAdita ho gayA ho unhIM yogya prANiyoM ke hRdaya meM satyadharma kI chApa par3atI hai, unhIM ke citta meM jJAnI kA upadeza zraddhA utpanna kara sakatA hai / samaya-vIrya saMsAra kI ananta jIvarAzi meM manuSya bahuta kama haiM, manuSyoM meM dharmazrotA bahuta kama, zrotAoM meM zraddhAlu bahuta kama aura zraddhAluoM meM bhI saMyamamArga meM pravRtti karane vAle saba se kama / ve sunate to haiM aura zraddhA bhI karate haiM para usa mArga para calanA khaDgadhArA ke Upara calane se bhI kaThina samajhate haiM / ve kahate hI nahIM, hRdaya se mAnate bhI haiM ki saMsAra asAra hai, kuTumba melA kSaNika hai, phira bhI ve saMsAra, kuTumba aura viSaya kA tyAga karane kA puruSArtha nahIM karate / bhagavAna ne kahA-devAnupriyo ! jaba taka tuma saMyama-mArga meM agrasara na hoge taba taka karmakSaya kara mukti ke nikaTa na pahu~coge aura zArIrika, mAnasika aura AdhyAtmika kaSToM se chuTakArA nahIM pA sakoge / munidharma saMyamapatha ke pathika ko sarvaprathama sacce deva, sacce guru aura sacce dharma ko pahacAna kara unameM dRr3ha zraddhA aura vizvAsa karanA cAhiye aura phira paMca-mahAvratAtmaka dharma kA pAlana kara vizuddha saMyamI bananA cAhiye 1. prANAtipAta viramaNa-sUkSma-sthUla sabhI prakAra ke jIvoM kI mAnasika, vAcika tathA kAyika hiMsA karane, karAne tathA anumodana karane kA tyAga / 2. mRSAvAda viramaNa-manasA vAcA karmaNA asatya bhASaNa karane, karAne tathA anumodana karane kA tyAga / 3. adattAdAna viramaNa-mana vacana kAya se parakIya vastu lena livAne aura anumodana karane kA tyAga /

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tIrthaMkara - jIvana 4. maithuna viramaNa --- mana vacana kAya se maithuna sevana ( viSaya bhoga ) karane, karAne tathA anumodana karane kA tyAga / 5. parigraha viramaNa ---- mana vacana kAya se dhana-dhAnyAdi bAhya aura rAgadveSAdi Abhyantarika parigraha grahaNa karane, karAne aura anumodana karane kA tyAga / ina mahAvratoM kA pAlana karane vAle saMyamI 'sarvavirata' zramaNa saMsArabhramaNa kA anta kara zIghra hI sAta-ATha bhavoM ke aMdara karmamukta hokara AtmasvarUpa ko prApta kara lete haiM / gRhasthadharma 77 jo manuSya uparyukta paMca mahAvratAtmaka dharmamArga kA anusaraNa nahIM kara sakate, puruSArtha kI kamI ke kAraNa apanI AtmA ko sarvavirati cAritra ke lAyaka nahIM pAte ve gRhasthAzrama meM raha kara dezavirati dharma se bhI apanI Atmazuddhi kara sakate haiM / deza virata saMyamI 'zrAddha' athavA 'zramaNopAsaka ' kahalAte haiM / zramaNopAsaka ko dvAdaza- vratAtmaka dezavirati dharma kA pAlana karanA cAhiye 1. sthUla prANAtipAta viramaNa - trasa ( calate-phirate ) jIvoM kI kAraNa hiMsA na karanA / 2. sthUla mRSAvAda viramaNa -- sthUla jhUTha na bolanA / 3. sthUla adattAdAna viramaNa -- jisake lene se cora kahalAe~ aisI dUsare kI cIja svAmI kI AjJA binA na lenA / 4. svastrI saMtoSa parastrI viramaNa parastrI gamana kA tyAga svastrI gamana kA niyamana | 5. parigraha parimANa cala-acala sacitta-acitta sabhI prakAra kI saMpatti kA niyamana / 6. dikpariNAma ---- sabhI dizAoM meM jAne-Ane kA niyamana / For Private Personal Use Only

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78 zrayaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra 7. bhogopabhoga parimANa-khAna-pAna, mauja-zauka aura audyogika pravRttiyoM kA niyamana / 8. anartha daNDa viramaNa-nirarthaka pravRttiyoM kA tyAga / 9. sAmAyika-pratidina kama se kama muhUrta paryanta sAMsArika pravRttiyoM ko chor3akara samabhAva nivRtti mArga meM sthira honA / 10. dezAvakAzika-svIkRta maryAdAoM kA kama karanA / 11. pauSadhopavAsa-~-aSTamI caturdazI Adi ke dinoM meM sAMsArika pravRttiyoM ko chor3akara ATha pahara taka dhArmika jIvana bitAnA / 12. atithisaMvibhAga pauSadhopavAsa kI samApti para zramaNa Adi atithi ko AhAra Adi kA dAna denA / ukta 12 niyama gRhasthoM ke dvAdaza vrata kahalAte haiN| ina niyamoM ko pAlanevAlA 'zramaNopAsaka' kramazaH Atmazuddhi karatA huA mukti ke nikaTa pahu~catA hai aura bhavAntara meM zramanadharma kI prApti kara mokSa prApta kara sakatA hai / jina manuSyoM meM zramaNa tathA zramaNopAsaka dharma ke pAlana karane kA sAmarthya nahIM unheM bhI apanI cittabhUmi meM sudeva-suguru-sudharma-rUpa tattvatrayI meM zraddhA banAye rakhanA cAhiye, jisa taraha mArga sthita kamajora AdamI bhI kabhI na kabhI iSTa sthAna ko pA letA hai usI taraha zraddhAvAn jIva avratI bhI mArgAbhimukha raha kara kabhI na kabhI iSTa sthAna ko jarUra pAtA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI tAttvika dezanA se prabhAvita hokara sabhAjanoM meM se rAjakumAra megha, nandISeNa Adi aneka puruSoM ne zramaNadharma kI pravrajyA lI, rAjakumAra abhaya aura sulasA Adi aneka strI-puruSoM ne gRhasthadharma svIkAra kiyA aura rAjA zreNika Adi aneka manuSyoM ne bhagavAn ke pravacana para zraddhA prakaTa kI / usa sAla kA varSA -cAturmAsya bhI bhagavAn ne rAjagRha meM hI bitAyA aura aneka manuSyoM ko dharmapatha para lAkara unakA uddhAra kiyA /

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79 tIrthaMkara-jIvana caudahavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 499-498) ___varSAkAla vyatIta hone para zramaNa bhagavAn ne rAjagRha se videha kI ora vihAra kiyA / aneka gA~voM nagaroM meM dharma-pracAra karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra brAhmaNa-kuNDa pahu~ce aura nagara ke bAhara bahusAla udyAna meM mukAma kiyA / ___ bahusAla caitya brAhmaNa-kuNDa ke nikaTa to thA hI, para vaha unake janma-sthAna kSatriya-kuNDapura se bhI dUra nahIM thA / bhagavAn ke bahusAla meM padhArane ke samAcAra donoM kuNDapuroM meM pavana vega se pahu~ce aura hajAroM darzanArthiyoM se bahusAla caitya kA maidAna bhara gayA / zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne gaMbhIra dhvani se jo dharmadezanA kI use sunakara zrotAoM ke hRdayapaTa khule gaye / bahutoM ne zramaNadharma svIkAra kiyA, bahutoM ne gRhasthadharma ke niyama dhAraNa kiye aura bahuta se loga nirgrantha pravacana ke zraddhAlu hue / zramaNa bhagavAn kI isa dharmasabhA meM zramaNadharma svIkAra karanevAloM meM jamAli, RSabhadatta brAhmaNa tathA unakI sahadharmiNI devAnandA ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / jamAli kSatriyakuNDapura kA kSatriyakumAra thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadezAmRta kA pAna kara vaha isa asAra saMsAra se virakta ho gayA aura pA~ca sau sAthiyoM ke sAtha pravrajita ho mokSamArga kI sAdhanA karane lagA / RSabhadatta tathA devAnandA kI dIkSA RSabhadatta brAhmaNakuNDa ke eka pratiSThita koDAlagotrIya brAhmaNa the / inakI dharmapatnI jAlaMdharagotrIya devAnandA brAhmaNI thIM / RSabhadatta aura devAnandA brAhmaNa hote hue bhI jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Adi tattvoM ke jJAtA zramaNopAsaka the / bahusAla meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA Agamana sunakara RSabhadatta bahuta khuza hue / yaha khuzakhabarI devAnandA ko sunAte hue ve boledevAnupriye ! sarvajJa bhagavAn mahAvIra Aja apane nagara ke parisara meM padhAre haiM /

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra aise jJAnI aura tapasvI arhantoM kA nAmazravaNa bhI phaladAyaka hotA hai to sAmane jAkara vinaya, vandana - namaskAra, sevA aura dhArmika carcA karane kA to kahanA hI kyA ! priye ! caleM hama bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA vandana - namaskAra aura sevAbhakti kareM / yahI kArya hamAre aihika tathA pAralaukika hita aura kalyANa ke lie hogA / 80 svAmI ke mukha se ukta prastAva sunakara devAnandA ko bar3A saMtoSa huA aura saharSa pati ke vacanoM kA samarthana kiyA / RSabhadatta ne sevakajanoM ko ratha taiyyAra karane ko kahA / ve svAmI kI AjJA pAte hI atyuttama ratha ko taiyyAra karake turanta upasthAnazAlA meM le Ae / RSabhadatta aura devAnandA donoM ne snAna karake acche-acche vastrAbharaNa pahane aura dAsa dAsiyoM ke parikara ke sAtha upasthAnazAlA meM jAkara ratha meM baiThe / ratha brAhmaNagrAma ke madhya bhAga meM hotA huA bahusAla meM pahu~cA / bhagavAn kI dharmasabhA dRSTigocara hote hI ratha ThaharA liyA gayA aura donoM pati-patnI Age paidala cale / vidhipUrvaka sabhA meM jAkara vandana - namaskAra karake sabhA meM baiTha gaye / devAnandA nirnimeSa netroM se mahAvIra ko dekha rahI thIM / usake netra vikasita ho rahe the, stanoM se dUdha kA srAva ho rahA thA, romAJca se usakA sArA zarIra pulakita ho uThA thA / devAnandA ke ina zArIrika bhAvoM ko dekhakara gautama ne bhagavAn se prazna kiyA- bhagavan ! Apake darzana se devAnandA kA zarIra pulakita kyoM ho gayA ? inake netroM meM isa prakAra kI praphullatA kaise A gaI aura inake stanoM se dugdhasrAva kyoM hone lagA ? bhagavAn ne uttara diyA -- gautama ! devAnandA merI mAtA haiM aura maiM inakA putra hU~ / devAnandA ke zarIra meM jo bhAva prakaTa hue unakA kAraNa putrasneha hai / isake bAda bhagavAn ne usa mahatI sabhA ke sAmane dharmopadeza kiyA / sabhA ke visarjita hone ke bAda RSabhadatta uThA aura bhagavAn ko namaskAra kara bolA- bhagavan ! ApakA kathana yathArtha hai / maiM Apake dharma meM pravrajita For Private Personal Use Only

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tIrthakara-jIvana honA cAhatA hU~ / prabho, svIkRti dIjie / svIkRti milane para RSabhadatta vahA~ se IzAnadizA vibhAga kI ora kucha dUra haTe / vahA~ vastrAbhUSaNa puSpamAlA Adi kA tyAga kara tathA paJcamuSTika loca kara bhagavAn ke samIpa Ae aura vandana kara bole-bhagavan yaha saMsAra jala rahA hai-jarAmaraNa rogazokAdi vipadAoM kI Aga se yaha saMsAra cAroM ora se prajvalita ho rahA hai / nistAraka prabho ! isa Aga se mujhe bacAiye / bhagavAn ne pravrajyA dekara RSabhadatta ko apane zramaNasaMgha meM praviSTa kara liyA / sthaviroM ke pAsa jJAna aura kriyA kA abhyAsa karate-karate RSabhadatta anagAra ekAdazAMgadhArI tapasvI sthavira hue aura bahuta varSoM taka tapa-saMyama kA ArAdhana karane ke uparAnta anagAra RSabhadatta ne mAsika anazana kara nirvANa prApta kiyA / devAnandA ne bhI usI sabhA meM pratibodha pAkara dIkSA lI aura AryA candanA kI AjJA meM rahate hue ekAdazAMgI kA adhyayana kiyA aura nAnAvidha tapa-japa se karmoM kA kSaya kara nirvANa prApta kiyA / __ bhagavAna mahAvIra kI putrI ne bhI-jo jamAli se byAhI thI-isI varSa eka hajAra striyoM ke sAtha AryA candanA ke pAsa dIkSA le kara bhagavAn ke zramaNIsaMgha meM praveza kiyaa| ___lagabhaga varSabhara bhagavAn ne videha meM vihAra kiyA aura varSA cAturmAsya vaizAlI meM bitAyA / 15. paMdarahavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 498-497) cAturmAsya samApta hone para bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vaizAlI se vatsabhUmi kI ora vihAra kiyA / mArga meM aneka sthAnoM meM dharma-pracAra karate-karate ve kauzAmbI pahu~ce aura nagara ke bAhara 'candrAvataraNa caitya' meM vAsa kiyA / kauzAmbI ke tatkAlIna rAjA kA nAma udayana thA / udayana vatsadeza 0 9 / u0 33 / pa0 456-458 / zramaNa-6

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prasiddha rAjA sahasrAnIka kA pautra tathA rAjA zatAnIka kA putra aura vaizAlIpati ceTaka kA dohatA hotA thA / vaha abhI nAbAliga thA / ataH rAjya kA prabandha usakI mAtA mRgAvatI devI pradhAnoM kI salAha se karatI thii| usa samaya kauzAmbI meM jayantI nAmaka eka jaina-zrAvikA kI bar3I prasiddhi thI / jayantI kauzAmbI ke svargIya rAjA sahasrAnIka kI putrI, zatAnIka kI bahana aura udayana kI phUphI lagatI thI / vaha Arhatadharma kI ananya upAsikA aura dharma kI jAnakAra thI / vaizAlI kI tarapha se kauzAmbI AnevAle ArhatazrAvaka bahudhA isI ke yahA~ ThaharA karate the / isa kAraNa vaha 'vaizAlI ke ArhatazrAvakoM kI prathama sthAnadAtrI' ke nAma se adhika prasiddhi thI / jayantI ke praznottara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke Agamana se rAjA-prajA saba Anandita hue / kauzAmbIpati rAjA udayana ne rAja-parivAra, naukara-cAkara aura phaujaphAMTe ke sAtha bar3e bhArI julUsa ke rUpa meM candrAvataraNa caitya kI tarapha prayANa kiyA / rAjamAtA mRgAvatI devI, jayantI Adi kalIna striyA~ bhI apane-apane parikara ke sAtha rathoM meM baiTha bhagavAn ke vandanArtha julUsa ke sAtha calIM / saba ne samavasaraNa ke samIpa pahu~cakara savAriyoM kA tyAga kiyA aura sabhA meM pahu~ce, vandana karane ke uparAnta dharmazravaNa kI icchA se saba yogya sthAnoM para baiTha gaye / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne usa bRhatsabhA meM dera taka dharmopadeza kiyA jise sunakara sabhAjana parama saMtuSTa hue aura punaH bhagavAn ko vandana kara apaneapane ghara lauTe / sabhA visarjita ho jAne para bhI jayaMtI apane parivAra ke sAtha vahIM ThaharI rahIM / avasara pAkara dhArmika carcA zurU karate hue jayantI ne pUchA'bhagavAn ! jIva bhArIpana ko kaise prApta hote haiM ? mahAvIra-'jayantI ! jIvahiMsA, asatya vacana, corI, abrahmacarya, parigraha Adi aThAraha pApasthAnakoM ke sevana se jIva bhArIpana ko prApta hote haiM aura cAroM gatiyoM meM bhaTakate haiN|'

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tIrthaMkara - jIvana 83 jayantI -- 'bhagavan ! bhavasiddhikatA (mokSa prApta karane kI yogyatA ) jIvoM ko svabhAva se hI prApta hotI hai yA avasthA vizeSa se ?" mahAvIra -- 'bhavasiddhikatA svabhAva se hI hotI hai, avasthA vizeSa se nahIM / jo jIva bhavasiddhika haiM ve apane svabhAva se hI vaise haiM tathA raheMge aura jo bhavasiddhika nahIM, ve kisI bhI avasthA meM kisI bhI upAya se, bhavasiddhika nahIM ho sakate / ' jayantI -- 'bhagavan ! kyA saba bhavasiddhika mokSagAmI haiM ?' bhagavAn -- 'hA~, jo bhavasiddhika haiM ve saba mokSagAmI haiM / ' jayantI - 'bhagavan ! yadi saba bhavasiddhika jIvoM kI mukti ho jAyagI taba to yaha saMsAra kAlAntara meM bhavasiddhika jIvoM se rahita hI ho jAyagA / ' mahAvIra--'nahIM, jayantI ! aisA nahIM ho sakatA / jaise sarvAkAzapradezoM kI zreNi meM se kalpanA se pratisamaya eka-eka pradeza kama karane para bhI AkAza-pradezoM kA kabhI anta nahIM hotA, isI prakAra bhavasiddhika anAdikAla se siddha ho rahe haiM aura anantakAla taka hote raheMge / phira bhI ve anantAnanta hone se samApta nahIM hoMge aura saMsAra kabhI bhI bhavasiddhika jIvoM se rahita nahIM hogA / ' jayantI -- 'bhagavan / U~ghanA acchA hai yA jAganA ?' mahAvIra--'kucha jIvoM kA U~ghanA acchA hai aura kucha kA jAganA / ' jayantI -- 'bhagavan ! yaha kaise ? donoM bAteM acchI kaise ho sakatI haiM ?' mahAvIra --' adharma ke mArga para calanevAle, adharma kA AcaraNa karanevAle aura adharma se apanI jIvikA calAnevAle jIvoM kA U~ghanA hI acchA hai, kyoMki aise jIva jaba U~ghate haiM taba bahuta se jIvoM kI hiMsA karane se bacate haiM tathA bahutere prANiyoM ko trAsa pahu~cAne meM asamartha hote haiM / ve sote hue apane ko tathA anya jIvoM ko duHkha nahIM pahu~cA sakate ataH aise jIvoM kA sonA hI acchA hai / aura jo jIva dhArmika, dharmAnugAmI, dharmazIla, I For Private Personal Use Only

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84 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dharmAcArI aura dharmapUrvaka jIvikA calAnevAle haiM una jIvoM kA jAganA acchA hai / kAraNa, jAgate hue ve kisI ko duHkha na dete hue apane ko tathA anya jIvoM ko dharma meM lagAkara sukhI aura nirbhaya banAte haiM, ataH aise jIvoM kA jAganA acchA hai / ' jayantI----'bhagavan ! jIvoM kI sabalatA acchI yA durbalatA ? / mahAvIra-'kucha jIvoM kI sabalatA acchI hai aura kucha kI durbalatA / ' jayantI-bhagavan ! yaha kaise ? mahAvIra-jayantI ! jo jIva adharmI, adharmazIla aura adharmajIvI haiM unakI durbalatA acchI hai, kyoMki aise jIva durbala hone se dUsaroM ko trAsa dene meM aura apanI AtmA ko pApoM se malina banAne meM vizeSa samartha nahIM hote / jo jIva dharmiSTha, dharmazIla, dharmAnugAmI aura dharmamaya jIvana bitAnevAle haiM unakI sabalatA acchI hai / kAraNa, aise jIva sabala hone para bhI kisI ko duHkha na dete hue apanA tathA auroM kA uddhAra karane meM apane bala kA upayoga karate hai| jayantI-bhagavan ! sAvadhAnatA acchI yA Alasya ? mahAvIra-bahuta se jIvoM kI sAvadhAnatA acchI hai aura bahutoM kA AlasIpana / jayantI-bhagavan ! donoM bAteM acchI kaise ? mahAvIra-jo jIva adharmI, adharmazIla aura adharma se jInevAle haiM unakA AlasIpana hI acchA hai, kyoMki aisA hone se ve adharma kA adhika pracAra na kareMge / isake viparIta jo jIva dharmI, dharmAnugAmI aura dharmase hI jIvana bitAnevAle haiM unakI sAvadhAnatA acchI hai, kyoMki aise dharmaparAyaNa jIva sAvadhAna hone se AcArya, upAdhyAya, vRddha, tapasvI, bImAra tathA bAla Adi kA vaiyAvRttya (sevA-zuzrUSA) karate haiM; kula, gaNa, saMgha tathA sAdharmikoM kI sevA meM apane ko lagAte haiM aura aisA karate hue ve apanA tathA auroM

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana kA bhalA karate haiM / jayantI-zravaNendriya ke vaza meM par3e hue jIva kyA bA~dhate haiM ? (kisa prakAra ke karma bAMdhate haiM ?) mahAvIra-jayantI ! zravaNendriya ke vazIbhUta jIva AyuSya ko chor3a zeSa sAtoM hI karma-prakRtiyA~ bA~dhate haiM / pUrvabaddha zithilabandhana ko dRr3ha-bandhana aura laghu-sthitikoM ko dIrghasthitika kara dete haiM, isa prakAra karmoM kI sthiti ko bar3hAkara ve caturgatirUpa saMsAra meM bhaTakA karate haiM / jayantI ne isI prakAra cakSu, ghrANa, jihvA aura sparzendriya ke vazIbhUta jIvoM ke saMbaMdha meM bhI prazna pUche aura bhagavAn ne una saba ke sambandha meM yahI uttara diyA / praznottaroM se jayantI ko pUrNa saMtoSa huA / usane hAtha jor3akara kahA-bhagavan ! kRpayA mujhe pravrajyA dekara apane bhikSuNIsaMgha meM dAkhila kIjiye ! zramaNa bhagavAn ne jayantI kI prArthanA ko svIkRta kiyA aura use sarvavirati sAmAyika kI pratijJA evaM paMca mahAvrata pradAna kara bhikSuNIsaMgha meM dAkhila kara liyA / vatsabhUmi se bhagavAn ne uttarakosala kI tarapha vihAra kiyA aura aneka gA~va-nagaroM meM nirgrantha pravacana kA upadeza dete hue zrAvastI pahu~ce / zrAvastI ke koSThaka caitya meM ApakA jo upadeza huA, usake phalasvarUpa aneka gRhastha jainasaMgha meM dAkhila hue / anagAra sumanobhadra aura supratiSTha Adi kI dIkSAyeM bhI isI avasara para huI thIM / / kosala pradeza se vihAra karate hae zramaNa bhagavAn phira videhabhUmi meM padhAre / yahA~ vANijyagrAma-nivAsI gAthApati Ananda aura unakI strI zivAnandA ne Apake samIpa dvAdazavratAtmaka gRhasthadharma svIkAra kiyA / 1. (bhagavatI za0 12, u0 2. pa 556-558)

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86 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ___ isa sAla kA varSA cAturmAsya bhagavAn ne vANijyagrAma meM vyatIta kiyA / 16. solahavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 497-496) vANijyagrAma se zItakAla meM vihAra kara bhagavAn ne phira magadhabhUmi meM praveza kiyA / aneka nagaroM meM Thaharate tathA upadeza karate Apa rAjagRha ke guNazIla caitya meM padhAre / rAjagRha ke rAjA, rAnI tathA rAjakumAra Adi rAjaparivAra aura itara nAgarika-jana bhagavAn ke dharmopadeza kA lAbha lene ke lie vahA~ upasthita hue / kAla-pramANa isI avasara para indrabhUti gautama ne bhagavAn se kAlaviSayaka eka prazna pUchA-bhagavan ! eka muhUrta meM kitane ucchAsa hote haiM ? mahAvIra-gautama ! asaMkhyAta 'samayoM' kA samudAya eka 'AvalikA' kahalAtI hai / saMkhyAta AvalikAoM kA eka 'ucchAsa' aura utanI hI avalikAoM kA eka 'niHzvAsa' hotA hai / sazakta tathA nIroga manuSya ke eka zvAsocchAsa ko 'prANa' kahate haiM aura isa prakAra ke sAta prANoM kA eka 'stoka,' sAta stokoM kA eka 'lava' aura 77 lavoM kA eka 'muhUrta' kahA hai / isa prakAra eka muhUrta meM 3773 zvAsocchvAsa hote haiM / tIsa muhUrtoM kA eka 'ahorAtra' (rAta-dina) hotA hai / paMdaraha ahorAtra=eka 'pakSa' / do pakSa= eka 'mAsa' / do mAsa= eka 'Rtu' / tIna Rtu= eka 'ayana' / do ayana= eka 'saMvatsara' (varSa) / pA~ca saMvatsara=eka 'yuga' / bIsa yuga= sau varSa / dasa sau varSa= eka 'hajAra' /

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana 87 sau hajAra varSa=eka 'lAkha' / caurAsI lAkha varSa=eka 'pUrvAMga' / caurAsI lAkha pUrvAMga= eka 'pUrva' / caurAsI lAkha pUrva eka 'truTitAMga' / caurAsI lAkha truTitAMga= eka 'truTita' / caurAsI lAkha truTita= eka 'aDaDAMga' / caurAsI lAkha aDaDAMga-eka 'aDaDa' / caurAsI lAkha aDaDa=eka 'avavAMga' / caurAsI lAkha avavAMga=eka 'avava' / caurAsI lAkha avava= eka 'hUhUkAMga' / caurAsI lAkha hUhUkAMga=eka 'hUhUka' / caurAsI lAkha hUhUka=eka 'utpalAMga' / caurAsI lAkha utpalAMga-eka "utpala' / caurAsI lAkha utpala=eka 'nalinAMga' / caurAsI lAkha nalinAMga=eka 'nalina' / caurAsI lAkha nalina= eka achanikurAMga / caurAsI lAkha achanikurAMga=eka achanikura / caurAsI lAkha achanikura= eka 'ayutAMga' / caurAsI lAkha ayutAMga= eka 'ayuta' / caurAsI lAkha ayuta=eka 'prayutAMga' / caurAsI lAkha prayutAMga-eka 'prayuta' / caurAsI lAkha prayuta= eka nayutAMga / caurAsI lAkha nayutAMga= eka 'nayuta' / caurAsI lAkha nayuta= eka 'cUlikAMga' / caurAsI lAkha cUlikAMga=eka 'cUlikA' / caurAsI lAkha cUlikA= eka zIrSa prahelikAMga / caurAsI lAkha zIrSa prahelikAMga= eka zIrSa prahelikA /

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88 aupamika hai / zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra he gautama! itanA hI gaNita kA viSaya hai / isake Age kA kAla gautama--bhagavan ! 'aupamika' kAla kise kahate haiM ? mahAvIra - 'aupamika' do taraha kA hotA hai ? 'palyopama' aura 'sAgaropama' / gautama -- bhagavan ! 'palyopama' aura 'sAgaropama' kA kyA svarUpa hai ? mahAvIra - gautama ! sutIkSNa zastra se bhI jisakA chedana- bhedana na kiyA jA sake aise 'paramANu' ko siddhapuruSa saba pramANoM kA ' Adi pramANa' kahate haiM / mUsala / ananta paramANuoM kA samudAya = eka utszlakSNazlakSNakA / ATha utszlakSNazlakSNikA = eka zlakSNazlakSNakA / ATha zlakSNazlakSNikA = eka UrdhvareNu / ATha UrdhvareNu = eka trasareNu / ATha trasareNu = eka rathareNu / ATha rathareNu - eka vAlAgra / ATha vAlAgra = eka likSA / ATha likSA= eka yUkA / = ATha yUkA - eka yavamadhya / ATha yavamadhya=eka a~gula / cha: a~gula = eka pAda / bAraha a~gula= eka vitasti (bIttA) / caubIsa a~gula= eka ratnI (hAtha) / ar3atAlIsa a~gula= eka kukSi / chiyAnabe a~gula= eka daNDa / dhanu / yUpa / nAlikA / akSa / athavA do hajAra dhanu = eka gavyUta (kosa) For Private Personal Use Only

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana cAra kosa-eka yojana / ukta yojana pramANa laMbA-caur3A aura gaharA gola pyAle ke AkAra kA eka palya (gaDDhA) isa prakAra lUMsa DhUMsa kara vAlAgroM se bharA jAya ki usameM agni, jala tathA vAyu taka bhI praveza na kara sake / usa palya meM se eka sau varSa meM eka vAlAgra nikAlA jAya aura isa prakAra sau-sau varSa meM ekaeka vAlAgra ko nikAlane para jitane kAla meM vaha 'palya' khAlI ho utane kAla ko eka 'palyopama' kAla kahate haiM / aise dasa koTakoTi' palyopamoM kA eka sAgaropama hotA hai / cAra koTAkoTi sAgaropama kA suSamasuSamA nAmaka pahalA 'araka' / tIna koTAkoTi sAgaropama kA suSamA nAmaka dUsarA 'araka' / do koTAkoTi sAgaropama kA suSama duHSamA nAmaka tIsarA 'araka' / bayAlIsa hajAra varSa kama eka koTAkoTi sAgaropama kA du:SamasuSamA nAmaka cauthA 'araka' / ikkIsa hajAra varSa kA duHSamA nAmaka pA~cavA~ 'araka' / ikkIsa hajAra varSa kA duHSamaduHSamA nAmaka chaTThA 'araka' / ina cha: AroM ke samudAya ko avasarpiNI kahate haiM / phira ikkIsa hajAra varSa kA duHSamadu:SamA / ikkIsa hajAra varSa kA duHSamA / bayAlIsa hajAra varSa kama eka koTakoTi sAgaropama kA duHSamasuSamA / do koTAkoTi sAgaropama kA suSamaduHSamA / tIna koTAkoTi sAgaropama kA suSamA aura cAra koTAkoTi sAgaropama kA suSamasuSamA / 1. eka karor3a ko eka karor3a se gunane se eka koTAkoTI saMkhyA hotI hai aura koTAkoTi kA dasagunA dasa koTAkoTi /

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90 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra uktakrama se dasa koTAkoTi sAgaropama pramANa cha: AroM ke samudAya ko utsarpiNI kAla kahate haiM / dasa koTAkoTi pramANa avasarpiNI aura dasa koTAkoTi pramANa utsarpiNI milakara bIsa koTAkoTi sAgaropama kAla hotA hai / bhagavAn ke Agamana se rAjagRha nivAsiyoM meM nirgrantha dharma kA kAphI pracAra huA / rAjagRha ke prasiddha dhanapati zAlibhadra aura dhanya Adi ne dIkSAyeM grahaNa kI aura aneka vyaktiyoM ne gRhastha dharma aMgIkAra kiyA / isa varSa kA varSA cAturmAsya bhagavAn ne rAjagRha meM hI bitaayaa| aura varSAkAla vyatIta hote hI campA kI ora vihAra kara diyA / 17. satrahavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 496-495) campA meM datta nAma ke rAjA the aura raktavatI nAma kI rAnI / inake mahacandrakumAra nAmaka eka putra thA jisane bhagavAn ke upadeza ko sunakara isa asAra saMsAra se virakta ho zramaNadharma ko grahaNa kiyA / usa samaya sindhusauvIrAdi aneka dezoM kA svAmI rAjA udAyana sindhu kI rAjadhAnI vItabhayapattana meM rAjyazAsana kara rahA thA / udAyana jaina zramaNopAsaka thA / vaha parva dina kA pauSadha grahaNa kara apanI pauSadhazAlA meM dharma jAgaraNa kara rahA thA / Atmacintana karate hue usane socA-'dhanya hai ve grAma-nagara jahA~ zramaNa bhagavAn vicarate haiM / bhAgyazAlI haiM ve rAjA aura seTha sAhUkAra jo inakA vandana-pUjana karate haiM / yadi bhagavAn mere para anugraha kara vItabhaya ke mRgavana udyAna meM padhAreM to maiM bhI unakA vandana-pUjana aura sevA karake bhAgyazAlI banU~ / " campA nagarI ke pUrNabhadra caitya meM virAjamAna bhagavAna mahAvIra ne udAyana ke isa manobhAva ko jAnA aura use pratibodha dene ke liye campA se vItabhaya nagara kI ora vihAra kiyA / campA se vItabhaya kI dUrI hajAra mIla se kama 1. bha0 za0 6 u0 7 pa0 274 /

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana 91 na hogI / itanI lambI yAtrA karake bhagavAn vItabhaya nagara pahu~ce aura rAjA udAyana ko zramaNa-dharma meM dIkSita kara vApasa apane cAturmAsya ke kendra kI ora vihAra kara diyA / marubhUmi kI lambI yAtrA, garmI kA mausama aura nirgranthoM kI kaThina caryA, ina saba kAraNoM se bhagavAn ke kaI ziSyoM ko isa vihAra meM prANoM para khelanA par3A / sinapallI kI retIlI marubhUmi meM kosoM taka bastI kA nAma taka na thA / bhagavAn usa bIhar3a mArga se calate hue pUrva deza meM jA rahe the / Apake bahuta se ziSya jo amIra aura calane ke kama abhyAsI the bhUkha aura pyAsa se kaSTa pA rahe the| usa samaya mArga meM Apako tiloM kI gAr3iyA~ milIM / mahAvIra tathA unake ziSya-parivAra ko dekhakara tilavAloM ne kahA-bhaTTAraka ! lIjiye, ina tiloM se apanI kSudhA zAnta kIjiye / yadyapi tila acitta the aura unake mAlika de bhI rahe the, to bhI bhagavAn ne apane ziSyoM ko tila svIkAra karane kI AjJA nahIM dI / kyoMki tiloM ke acitta hone kI bAta ve svayaM to jAnate the para chadmastha zramaNa unako acitta kaise samajhate ? yadi Aja acitta jAnakara sAdhuoM ko unake lene kI AjJA dI jAya to Age jAkara isI dRSTAnta ko sAmane rakhakara sacitta tila lene kI bhI pravRtti cala par3e, isa kAraNa bhagavAn ne unake lene kI AjJA nahIM dI / isI vihAra meM jaba sAdhu pyAsa se Akula ho rahe the, mArga meM eka acitta pAnI kA hRda AyA / bhagavAn jAnate the ki yaha jala acitta hai, sAdhu ise kAma meM le sakate haiM / parantu sabhI hRdoM kA pAnI acitta nahIM hotA / agara Aja isa hRda ke pAnI kA sAdhuoM ko upayoga karane diyA jAya to bhaviSya meM anya sacina jalahUdoM ke pAnI kA upayoga karane kI pravRtti bhI cala par3egI, isa vicAra se bhagavAn mahAvIra ne huda kA pAnI pIne kI AjJA nahIM dI / 1. bhagavatI za0 13 u0 6 50 618.. 620 / kalpavRNi 50 64-65 /

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92 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra 18. aThArahavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 495-494) vItabhayapattana se vicarate hue bhagavAn videha deza sthita vANijyagrAma pahu~ce aura varSA cAturmAsya vahIM bitAyA / vaNijya grAma kA cAturmAsya pUrA kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne banArasa kI tarapha vihAra kara diyA aura aneka sthAnoM meM nirgrantha pravacana kA pracAra karate hue ve banArasa pahu~ce / banArasa ke tatkAlIna rAjA jitazatru ne bhagavAn kA bahuta satkAra kiyA / yahA~ ke IzAnadizAbhAgasthita koSThaka caitya meM Thahara kara bhagavAn ne logoM ko Ahata pravacana kA upadeza diyA / phalasvarUpa yahA~ ke aneka gRhasthoM ne zrAvakadharma aMgIkAra kiyA, jinameM culanIpitA aura usakI strI zyAmA tathA surAdeva aura usakI strI dhanyA ke nAma agragaNya haiM / ye donoM hI karor3apati gRhastha bhagavAna ke dharmazAsana ke stambha samAna the / banArasa se rAjagRha jAte hue bhagavAn bIca meM AlabhiyA ke zaMkhavanaudyAna meM kucha samaya taka Thahare / AlabhiyA kAzI deza kI eka bar3I nagarI thI jo banArasa-rAjagRha ke mArga meM par3atI thI / poggala parivrAjaka kI pravrajyA zaMkhavana ke pAsa poggala nAmaka eka parivrAjaka rahatA thA / vaha RgvedAdi vaidika dharmazAstroM kA jJAtA aura prasiddha tapasvI thA / nirantara SaSThatapa ke sAtha sUrya ke sanmukha UrdhvabAhu khar3A hokara AtApanA kiyA karatA thA / isa kaThina tapa, tIvra AtApanA aura svabhAva kI bhadratA ke kAraNa poggala ko vibhaMgajJAna prApta huA, jisase vaha brahmadevaloka taka ke devoM kI gati-sthiti ko pratyakSa dekhane lagA / isa pratyakSa jJAna kI prApti se poggala socane lagA-mujhe viziSTa AtmajJAna prApta huA hai / isa pratyakSa jJAna se maiM dekha rahA hU~ ki devoM kA kama se kama dasa hajAra varSa kA AyuSya hotA hai aura adhika se adhika dasa sAgaropama kA / isake Age na deva haiM na devaloka / poggala tapobhUmi se Azrama kI ora calA aura tridaNDa, kuNDikA tathA dhAturakta vastra lekara AlabhiyA ke parivrAjakAzrama meM pahu~cA / tridaNDa, kuMDikAdi vahA~ rakhakara

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana 93 AlabhiyA ke cauka bAjAroM meM apane jJAna kA pracAra karane lagA / bAjAroM meM poggala ke siddhAnta kI carcA ho rahI thI / kucha loga usake jJAna kI prazaMsA karate the aura kucha usameM zaMkAe uThAte the / isI avasara para bhagavAn mahAvIra AlabhiyA ke zaMkhavana meM padhAre / tapasvI indrabhUti bhagavAn kI AjJA le bhikSA ke liye nagara meM gaye aura poggala ke siddhAntaviSayaka janapravAda ko sunA / bhikSAcaryA kara gautama vApasa Aye aura nagara meM sunI poggala ke siddhAnta kI carcA bhagavAn ke Age vyakta karate hue bole-bhagavan ! Ajakala AlabhiyA meM poggala parivrAjaka ke jJAna aura siddhAnta kI carcA ho rahI hai / poggala kahatA hai 'brahmaloka taka hI deva aura devaloka haiM, dasa hajAra se dasa sAgaropama taka hI devoM kA AyuSya hai / ' bhagavan ! poggala kI isa mAnyatA ke saMbaMdha meM ApakA abhiprAya kyA hai ? gautama ko uttara dete hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-poggala kA kathana ThIka nahIM hai / devoM kI AyuSyasthiti kama-se-kama dasa hajAra varSa kI aura adhika-se-adhika teMtIsa sAgaropama kI hai / usake uparAnta deva aura devalokoM kA abhAva hai / mahAvIra kA yaha spaSTIkaraNa sabhI upasthiti janoM ne sunA / sabhA visarjita huI aura bhagavAn ke vacanoM kI prazaMsA karate hue nAgarika apaneapane sthAnoM ko cale gaye / bhagavAna mahAvIra kA kathana poggala ke kAnoM taka paha~cA / vaha apane jJAna ke viSaya meM zaMkita ho uThA / mahAvIra sarvajJa haiM, tIrthaMkara haiM, mahAtapasvI haiM, yaha to poggala pahale hI suna cukA thA / aba use apane jJAna para vizvAsa nahIM rahA, vaha jyoM-jyoM UhApoha karatA thA tyoM-tyoM usakA vibhaGga jJAna lupta hotA jAtA thA / thor3e hI samaya meM use jJAta ho gayA ki usakA yaha jJAna bhrAntipUrNa thA / aba usane bhagavAn mahAvIra kI zaraNa meM jAne ke lie zaMkhavana kI ora prasthAna kiyA / samavasaraNa meM pahu~cakara vidhipUrvaka vandana namaskAra kara vaha ucita sthAna para baiTha gayA /

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94 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dharmopadeza sunakara poggala nirgrantha pravacana kA zraddhAlu ho gayA tathA bhagavAn ke pA zramaNadharma svIkAra kara unake saMgha meM mila gayA tathA zrAmaNya lekara sthaviroM ke pAsa nirgrantha pravacana kI ekAdazAGgI kA abhyAsa kiyA tathA vividha tapoM dvArA karmamukta ho nirvANa prApta kiyA / isI samaya AlabhiyA nivAsI karor3apati gRhastha cullazataka tathA usakI strI bahulA aura dUsare aneka naranAriyoM ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa zrAddhadharma svIkAra kiyA / AlabhiyA se bhagavAn rAjagRha padhAre aura maMkAtI, kiMkrama, arjuna, aura kAzyapa Adi ko dIkSA de unheM zramaNasaMgha meM sammilita kiyA / / bhagavAn kA yaha cAturmAsya rAjagRha meM huA / 19. unnIsavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 494-493) cAturmAsya ke bAda bhI bhagavAn rAjagRha meM hI dharmapracArArtha Thahare / isa satata pracAra kA AzAtIta phala huA / rAjA zreNika ko, jo svayaM vRddha the, bhagavAna ke dharmazAsana para itanI zraddhA aura ruci utpanna huI ki unhoMne rAjagRha meM yaha udghoSaNA karavA dI ki 'jo koI bhagavAn mahAvIra se dIkSA lenA cAhe vaha khuzI se aisA kara sakatA hai| yadi usake pIche koI pAlana-poSaNa karane yogya kuTumbaparivAra hogA to usake pAlana-poSaNa kI cintA svayaM rAjA karegA' / zreNika kI uparyukta ghoSaNA kA bar3A sundara prabhAva par3A / anyAnya nAgarikoM ke atirikta jAli kumAra, mayAli, uvayAli, puruSasena, vAriSeNa, dIrghadanta, laSTadanta, vehalla, vehAsa, abhaya, dIrghasena, mahAsena, laSTadaMta, gUDhadanta, zuddhadanta, halla, druma, drumasena, mahAdrumasena, siMha, siMhasena, mahAsiMhasena, pUrNasena ina zreNika ke teIsa putroM aura nandA, nandamatI, nandottarA, nandaseNiyA, mahayA, sumarutA, mahAmarutA, marudevA, bhadrA, subhadrA, sujAtA, sumanA aura bhUtadattA nAmaka zreNika kI teraha rAniyoM ne pravajita hokara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zramaNasaMgha meM praveza kiyA / 1. bha0 za0 11 u0 12 pa0 551-552 /

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tIrthaMkara - jIvana Ardraka- gozAlaka saMvAda usa samaya bhagavAn ke ziSya Ardraka muni bhagavAn ko vandana karane ke lie guNazIla meM jA rahe the| rAste meM unheM gozAlaka milA / Ardraka ko vahIM mArga meM rokakara vaha bolA- Ardra ! jarA suna, tujhe eka purAnA itihAsa hU~ / Ardra-kahiye / gozAlaka - tumhAre dharmAcArya zramaNa mahAvIra pahale ekAntavihArI the, aura aba ye sAdhuoM kI maMDaliyoM ko ikaTThA karake unake Age vyAkhyAnoM kI jhar3iyA~ lagAte haiM / Ardra - hA~, jAnatA hU~ / para Apa kahanA kyA cAhate haiM ? gozAlaka --- merA tAtparya yaha hai tumhArA dharmAcArya asthira citta hai / pahale ve ekAnta meM rahate, ekAnta meM vicarate aura sabhI taraha kI khaTapaToM se dUra rahate the / aba ve sAdhuoM kI maNDalI meM baiThakara manoraMjaka upadeza dete haiM / kyA isa prakAra lokaraJjana karake ve apanI AjIvakA nahIM calA rahe haiM ? isa prakAra kI pravRtti se inake pUrvApara jIvana meM virodha khar3A hotA hai, isakA bhI inheM khyAla nahIM / yadi ekAnta vihAra meM zramaNadharma thA to aba ve zramaNadharma se vimukha haiM aura yadi inakA vartamAna jIvana hI yathArtha mAnA jAya to pahalA jIvana nirarthaka thA, yaha siddha hogA / bhadra ! tumhAre guru kI pUrvApara viruddha jIvanacaryA kisI bhI taraha nirdoSa nahIM kahI jA sakatI / jahA~ taka maiM samajhatA hU~, mahAvIra kA vaha jIvana hI yathArtha thA jaba ki maiM unake sAtha thA aura ve nissaMgabhAva se ekAntavAsa kA Azraya lie hue the / aba ve ekAnta vihAra se Ubakara sabhA meM baiThate haiM aura upadezaka ke bahAne logoM ko ikaTThA karake apanI AjIvakA calAte haiM / ina bAtoM se spaSTa hai ki inakA mAnasa bilakula avyavasthita hai / 95 Ardra--mahAnubhAva ! ApakA yaha kathana kevala IrSyAjanya hai / vastutaH Apane bhagavAn ke jIvana kA rahasya hI nahIM samajhA / isI lie to Apako unake jIvana meM virodha dikhAI detA hai / yaha na samajhane kA hI pariNAma hai / For Private Personal Use Only

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra pahale ekAnta -vihArI aura aba sAdhu maNDala ke bIca upadeza karanA, isameM virodha kI bAta hI kyA hai ? jaba taka ve chadmastha the taba taka ekAntavihArI hI nahIM varaMca prAyaH maunI bhI the, aura yaha vartana tapasvI jIvana ke anurUpa bhI thA / aba ve sarvajJa sarvadarzI haiM, unake rAgadveSa ke bandhana samUla naSTa ho cuke haiM, aba unake hRdaya meM AtmasAdhanA ke sthAna jagat ke kalyANa kI bhAvanA hai| prANimAtra ke kalyANa kA AkAMkSI puruSa hajAroM ke bIca meM baiThakara upadeza karatA huA bhI ekAntasevI hai / vItarAga ke liye ekAnta aura lokAkula pradeza meM kucha bhI bheda nahIM / nirlepa AtmA ko sabhA yA samUha lipta nahIM kara sakate aura dharmopadeza pravRtti to mahApuruSoM kA Avazyaka kartavya hai / jo kSamAzIla tathA jitendriya hai, jisakA mana samAdhi meM hai, vaha doSarahita bhASA meM dharmadezanA kare usameM kucha bhI doSa nahIM / jo pA~ca mahAvratoM kA upadeza karatA hai, jo pA~ca aNuvratoM kI upayogitA samajhAtA hai, jo pA~ca Azrava aura pA~ca saMvara ko heya upAdeya batalAtA hai aura jo akartavya karma se nivRtta hone kA upadeza karatA hai vahI buddhimAn hai, vahI karmamukta honevAlA saccA zramaNa hai| gozAlaka-yadi aisA hai to sacitta jala ke pAna, sacitta bIja tathA AdhArmika AhAra ke bhojana aura strIsaMga meM bhI doSa nahIM ho sakatA / hamAre dharma meM to yahI kahA hai ki ekAnta-vihArI tapasvI ke pAsa pApa phaTakatA taka nahIM / Ardra-sacitta jala ke pAna, bIja tathA AdhArmika AhAra ke bhojana aura strIsaMga Adi ko jo jAnabUjha kara sakatA hai, vaha sAdhu nahIM ho sakatA / sacitta-jalapAyI, bIjabhojI aura strIsevI bhI yadi zramaNa kahalAyeMge taba gRhastha kise kahA jAyagA ? gozAlaka ! sacitta jalapAyI aura sajIva-bIjabhojI udarArthI bhikSuoM kA bhikSAvRtti anucita hai / jJAtisaMga ko na chor3ane vAle ve raMka bhikSu kabhI mukta nahIM hoMge / gozAlaka-are AIka ! isa kathana se to tU sabhI anya tIrthakoM kI nindA kara rahA hai aura bIja-phala- bhojI tapasvI mahAtmAoM ko kuyogI aura udarArthI bhikSu kahatA hai ?

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana 97 Ardra-maiM kisI kI nindA nahIM karatA kiMtu apane darzana (mata) kA varNana karatA hU~ / saba darzana vAle apane matoM kA pratipAdana karate haiM aura prasaMga Ane para eka dUsare kI nindA bhI karate haiM / maiM to kevala apane matakA pratipAdana aura pASaNDa kA khaMDana karatA huuN| jo satya dharma hai usakA khaMDana kabhI nahIM hotA aura jo pASaNDa hai usakA khaNDana karanA burA nahIM / phira bhI maiM kisI ko lakSya karake nahIM kaha rahA hU~ / gozAlaka-Ardraka ! tumhAre dharmAcArya kI bhIrutAviSayaka eka dUsarI bAta kahatA hU~, ise bhI suna / pahale ye musApharakhAnoM aura udyAnagharoM meM Thaharate the para aba vaisA nahIM karate / ye jAnate haiM ki una sthAnoM meM aneka buddhimAn catura bhikSu ekatra hote haiM, kahIM aisA na ho ki koI zikSita bhikSu kucha prazna pUcha baiThe aura usakA uttara na diyA jA sake / isa bhayase inhoMne ukta sthAnoM meM AnA AjakAla chor3a diyA hai / Ardra--mere dharmAcArya ke prabhAvase tuma bilkula anabhijJa mAlUma hote ho / mahAvIra sacamuca mahAvIra hai / inameM na bAla cApalya hai aura na kAma cApalya / ye sampUrNa aura svataMtra puruSa haiM / jahA~ rAjAjJA kI bhI paravA nahIM vahA~ bhikSuoM se Darane kI bAta karanA kevala hAsyajanaka hai / maMkhali zramaNa ! mahAvIra Aja musAphara khAnoM meM rahanevAlA sAdhAraNa bhikSu nahIM, ve jagaduddhAraka dharma tIrthaMkara haiM / ekAntavAsa meM rahakara inhoMne pahale bahuta tapasyAe~ kI haiM aura ghora tapasyAoM dvArA pUrNa jJAna ko prApta karake aba ye loka-kalyANa kI bhAvanA se aise sthAnoM meM vicarate haiM jahA~ paropakAra kA honA sambhava ho / isameM kisI ke bhaya athavA Agraha ko kucha sthAna nahIM / kahA~ jAnA aura kahA~ nahIM, kisase bolanA aura kisase nahIM aura kisase praznottara karanA aura kisase nahIM ye saba bAteM inakI icchA para hI nirbhara rahatI haiM / musAphirakhAnoM meM ye nahIM jAte, isakA bhI kAraNa hai| vahA~ bahudhA anArya svabhAva ke matAgrahI loga milate haiM, jinameM tattvajijJAsA kA nitAnta abhAva aura kadAgraha tathA uddaNDatA Adi kI pracuratA hotI hai / gozAlaka-taba to zramaNa jJAtaputra, apane svArtha ke liye hI pravRtti karanevAle lAbhArthI vaNik ke samAna hue na ? zramaNa- 7

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra Ardra-bhagavAn ko sarvAMza meM lAbhArthI vaNika kI upamA nahIM dI jA sakatI / lAbhArthI vaNik prANiyoM kI hiMsA karate haiM, parigraha para mamatA karate haiM, jJAtisaMga ko na chor3akara svArtha ke vaza naye-naye prapaMca racate haiN| dhana ke lobhI aura viSaya bhogoM meM Asakta ve AjIvakArtha idhara-udhara mAremAre phirate haiM, aise kAmI aura viSayagRddha vaNikoM kI upamA bhagavAn ko nahIM dI jA sakatI / AraMbha aura parigrahamagna vaNikoM kI pravRtti ko tuma lAbhakArI pravRtti kahate ho, yaha bhUla hai / vaha pravRtti unake lAbha ke liye nahIM, varaMca duHkha ke liye hai / jisa pravRtti kA saMsAra bhramaNa hI phala hai usako lAbhadAyaka kaise kaha sakate haiM ? Ardraka muni kA zAkyaputrIya bhikSuoM ke sAtha saMvAda Ardraka ke uttara se niruttara hokara gozAlaka ne apanA rAstA pakar3A aura muni Age cale / itane meM zAkyaputrIya bhikSuoM ne unheM rokA aura kahAAI ! vaNika ke dRSTAnta dvArA bAhya pravRtti kA khaNDana karake tumane bahuta acchA kiyA / hamArA bhI aisA hI siddhAnta hai / bAhya pravRtti bandha-mokSa kA pradhAna kAraNa nahIM pratyuta antaraGga vyApAra hI isake pradhAna aGga haiM / hamArA to yahA~ taka mantavya hai ki yadi koI vyakti khalapiNDI ko puruSa athavA tUMbe ko bAlaka samajhatA huA sUla se bIMdha kara pakAtA hai to vaha prANivadha ke pApa se lipta hotA hai, aura yadi koI puruSa ko khalapiNDI aura bAlaka ko tUMbA samajha kara sUla se bIMdha kara pakAtA hai to bhI vaha prANibadha ke pApa se lipta nahIM hotA / isa prakAra khalapiNDI samajha kara puruSa ko athavA tUMbA samajha kara bacce ko sUla se bIMdha kara pakAyA ho to usa mAMsa kA buddha bhI bhojana kara sakate haiN| hamAre zAstrAnusAra nitya do hajAra bodhisattva bhikSuoM ko bhojana karAne vAle manuSya, mahAn puNya skandhoM kA upArjana kara mahA sattvavanta 'Arogya deva' hote haiM / Ardra--saMyatoM ke liye yaha ayogya hai ki ve isa prakAra hiMsAjanya kArya ko nirdoSa kaheM / jo aise kAmoM kA upadeza dete haiM aura jo use sunate haiM, ve donoM anucita kAma karate haiM / jise puruSa aura khalapiNDI ke bheda kA bhI jJAna nahIM vaha puruSa avazya mithyAdRSTi evaM anArya hogA, anyathA yaha

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana saMbhava nahIM ki khalapiNDI ko puruSa athavA puruSa ko khalapiNDI mAna liyA jAya / bhikSuoM ko aisA sthUla asatya kabhI nahIM bolanA cAhiye, jisase karmabandha ho / mahAzaya ! isa siddhAnta se to Apa tattvajJAna nahIM pA sakate, jIvoM ke zubhAzubha karmavipAka ko nahIM soca sakate, loka ko karAmalakavat pratyakSa nahIM kara sakate aura pUrva pazcima samudra taka apanA yaza bhI nahIM phailA sakate / bhikSugaNa ! jo zramaNa jIvoM ke karma vipAka kI cintA karate hue AhAra vidhi ke doSoM ko TAlate haiM aura niSkapaTa vacana bolate haiM ve hI saMyata haiM aura yahI saMyatoM kA dharma hai / jinake hAtha laha se raMge hae haiM, aise asaMyata manuSya do sahastra bodhisattva bhikSuoM ko nitya bhojana karAte hue bhI yahA~ nindApAtra banate haiM aura paraloka meM durgati ke adhikArI / jo yaha kahate haiM ki bar3e bakare ko mAra aura mirca pIpara DAlakara taiyAra kiye hue mAMsa ke bhojana ke liye koI nimantraNa de to hama usa mAMsa ko khA sakate haiM, usameM hameM koI pApa nahIM lagatA, ve anAryadharmI aura rasalolupa haiM / aisA bhojana karanevAle pApa ko na jAnate hue bhI pApa kA AcaraNa karate haiM / jo kuzala puruSa haiM ve mana se bhI aise AhAra kI icchA nahIM karate aura na aise mithyA vacana bolate haiM / jJAtaputrIya RSi saba jIvoM kI dayA kI khAtira pApa doSa ko varjate hue doSa kI zaMkA se bhI uddiSTa bhakta ko grahaNa nahIM karate, kyoMki unhoMne saba prakAra kI jIva hiMsA kA tyAga kiyA hai ata: jisameM prANi hiMsA kI zaMkA bhI ho usa bhojana ko ve grahaNa nahIM karate / saMsAra meM saMyatoM kA yahI dharma hai / isa AhArazuddhirUpa samAdhi aura zIla guNa ko prApta kara jo vairAgyabhAva se nirgrantha dharma meM vicarate haiM vahI tattvajJAnI muni isa loka meM kIrti prApta karate haiM / zAkya bhikSuoM ko niruttara huA dekha kara brAhmaNa Age bar3he aura apanI jAtIya zreSThatA kA pratipAdana karate hue bole-'jo do hajAra snAtaka brAhmaNoM ko nitya bhojana karAte haiM ve mahAn puNyaskandha kA upArjana karake devagati ko prApta hote haiM. aisA vedazAstra kA vacana hai / '

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100 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra Ardraka ne kahA--ghara-gRhasthI meM Asakta do hajAra snAtakoM ko bhojana karAnevAloM ke liye naraka gati taiyAra hai / dayA-dharma ke nindaka aura hiMsAdharma ke prazaMsaka tathA duHzIla manuSya ko jo bhojana karAtA hai, vaha cAhe rAjA bhI kyoM na ho, andhakArapUrNa gati ko hI prApta hogA / Ardraka ke kaThora aura spaSTa uttara se brAhmaNoM ko udAsIna huA dekha sAMkhyamatAnuyAyI saMnyAsI bole-tuma aura hama sabhI dharmArAdhaka hai / tumhAre aura hamAre dharma meM adhika antara bhI nahIM / donoM matoM meM AcAra, zIla aura jJAna ko hI mokSa kA aMga mAnA hai / saMsAra viSayaka mAnyatA meM bhI apane zAstroM meM adhika bheda nahIM / sAMkhya darzana ke anusAra 'puruSa' avyakta, mahAn aura sanAtana hai / na usakA kSaya hotA hai aura na hAsa / tArAgaNa meM candra kI bhAnti saba bhUtagaNa meM vaha AtmA eka hI hai / anagAra Ardraka ne kahA--tumhAre siddhAntAnusAra na koI maregA, na saMsAra pradhAna bhramaNa hI karegA / eka hI AtmA mAna lene para brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdrAdi kA vyavahAra bhI nahIM rahegA aura na koI kITa pataMga, pakSI, sA~pa kahalAyegA, na nara deva aura devaloka hI / jo lokasthiti ko na jAnakara dharma kA upadeza karate haiM ve svayaM naSTa hokara dUsaroM kA nAza karate haiM aura isa anAdi ananta saMsAra meM bhramaNa karate haiN| kevalajJAna se loka ko jAnate hue jo samAdhipUrvaka dharma aura samyaktva kA kathana karate haiM ve hI apanI AtmA ko tathA anya jIvoM ko saMsAra-sAgara se pAra karate haiM / AyuSmAnoM ! yaha bhI tumhArA buddhiviparyAsamAtra hai jo cAritrahInoM aura cAritrasaMpannoM kI samAnatA kA pratipAdana karate ho / isa prakAra ekadaNDiyoM ko parAsta karake AIka muni Age jAne lage, itane meM hastitApasa Akara khar3e hue aura bole--'hama varSabhara meM sirpha eka hI bar3e hAthI ko bANa se mArate haiM tathA usake mAMsa se varSabhara jIvikA calAte haiM / isase anya aneka jIvoM kI rakSA ho jAtI hai' / / __ AIka ne kahA---varSabhara meM eka prANI kI hiMsA karanevAle bhI sAdhu ahiMsaka nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki prANibadha se sarvathA nahIM haTe haiM / isa para

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tIrthakara-jIvana 101 bhI yadi unheM dayApAlaka mAnA jAya taba to gRhasthoM ko bhI ahiMsaka mAnanA par3egA, kyoMki ve bhI apane kAryakSetra ke bAhara ke jIvoM kI hiMsA nahIM karate / zramaNa kahalAte hue jo varSa meM eka bhI jIva kI hiMsA karate haiM, yA usakA samarthana karate haiM ve anArya apanA hita nahIM kara sakate aura na ve kevalajJAna hI pA sakate haiM / / jo dharmasamAdhi meM sthira rahate hai aura mana, vacana, kAya se prANiyoM kI prANa rakSA karate haiM ve hI saMsAra pravAha ko taira kara dharma kA upadeza kare / ____ hastitApasoM ko niruttara kara svapratibodhita pA~ca sau cora, vAda meM jIte aura pratibodha pAye hue hastitApasAdi vAdI aura itara parivAra ke sAtha Ardraka mani Age bar3ha rahe the ki eka vanahAthI, jo nayA hI pakar3A huA thA, bandhana tor3a kara unakI tarapha jhapaTA / use dekha kara logoM ne bar3A ho-hallA macAyA ki hAthI muni ko mAre DAlatA hai / para Azcarya ke sAtha unhoMne dekhA ki vinIta ziSya kI taraha hAthI muni ke caraNoM meM sira jhukA kara praNAma kara rahA hai, aura kSaNabhara ke bAda vaha vana kI ora bhAga rahA hai / ___ ukta ghaTanA sunakara rAjA zreNika ArdrakumAra muni ke pAsa Aye aura hAthI ke bandhana tor3ane kA kAraNa pUchA / uttara meM muni ne kahA-rAjan ! manuSyakRta pAza tor3a kara matta hAthI kA vana meM jAnA aisA duSkara nahIM jaisA kacce sUta kA dhAgA tor3anA / - isake bAda Ardra muni bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa gaye aura bhaktipUrvaka vandana kiyA / bhagavAn ne unase pratibodhita rAjaputroM aura tApasAdiko pravrajyA dekara unhIM ke sapurda kiyA / 20. bIsavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 493-492) isa varSa bhI bhagavAn ne varSavAsa rAjagRha meM kiyA / varSAkAla pUrA hone para bhagavAn ne rAjagRha se kauzAMbI kI tarapha vihAra kiyA / 1. sUtrakRtAMga zrutaskandha 2, adhyAya 6, pa0 387-405 /

Page #159
zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra rAjagRha aura kauzAMbI ke bIca kAzirASTra kI prasiddha nagarI AlabhiyA par3atI thI / bhagavAn kucha samaya taka AlabhiyA meM Thahare / yahA~ RSibhadra pramukha bahuta se dhanADhya zramaNopAsaka rahate the / eka samaya zramaNopAsakoM kI usa maMDalI meM devoM kI AyuSyasthiti ke saMbandha meM prazna uThA- - devalokoM meM devoM kI AyuSyasthiti kitane kAla kI hai ? 102 maMDalI ke eka sabhya RSibhadra ne kahA--Aryo ! devalokoM meM devoM kI AyuSyasthiti kama- -se- - kama 10 hajAra varSa kI aura jyAdA-se-jyAdA 33 sAgaropama kI kahI hai, isake bAda na deva haiM na devaloka / RSibhadra ke ukta uttara se zramaNopAsakoM ke manakA samAdhAna nahIM huA, ve apane apane sthAna ko cale gaye / usa samaya kauzAMbI jAte hue bhagavAn mahAvIra AlabhiyA ke zaMkavana udyAna meM padhAre / bhagavadAgamana ke samAcAra pavanavega se nagara meM pahu~ce aura darzana vandana ke icchuka nAgarikoM kA samUha zaMkhavana kI tarapha umar3a par3A / AlabhiyA-nivAsI RSibhadraputra pramukha zramaNapAsaka bhI bar3I sajadhaja se bhagavAn ke samavasaraNa meM gae aura vandana namaskAra karane ke uparAnta dharma zravaNa kiyA / dharmadezanA ke anta meM zramaNopAsaka uThe aura vandana karake bolebhagavan ! RSibhadra zramaNopAsaka devoM kI AyuSyasthiti kama-se-kama 10 hajAra varSa kI aura jyAdA-se-jyAdA 33 sAgaropama kI batAte haiM, kyA yaha ThIka hai ? zramaNa bhagavAn ne kahA-- Aryo ! RSibhadraputra zramaNopAsaka kA yaha kathana yathArtha hai 1 bhagavAn kA spaSTIkaraNa sunakara zramaNopAsaka uThe aura RSibhadraputra zramaNopAsaka ke samIpa gaye evaM namaskAra kara savinaya kSamAprArthanA kii| isake bAda RSibhadra pramukha AlabhiyA kA zramaNopAsaka saMgha dera taka bhagavAn pAsa dharma carcA karatA rahA / ke For Private Personal Use Only

Page #160
tIrthaMkara - jIvana 103 zramaNopAsaka RSibhadraputra ne bahuta varSoM taka zIlavrata, guNavrata, pratyAkhyAna, pauSadhopavAsa Adi tapo'nuSThAnoM se Atmazuddhi karate hue anta meM mAsika anazana pUrvaka AyuSya pUrNa kara saudharmakalpa devaloka meM devapada prApta kiyA / AlabhiyA se vihAra kara bhagavAn kauzAMbI pdhaare| kauzAMbI kA rAjA udayana zAyada taba taka nAbAliga thA / rAjyavyavasthA usakI mAtA mRgAvatI devI, apane bahanoI ujjayanIpati caNDapradyota kI sahAnubhUti se calA rahI thI / yadyapi mRgAvatI caNDapradyota se khuza nahIM thI phira bhI usakI sainika zakti aura apane putra kI bAlyAvasthA kA vicAra kara vaha usase mela rakhatI thIM / jaba bhagavAn kauzAMbI padhAre to rAjA caNDapradyota bhI vahIM ThaharA huA thA / caNDapradyota aMgAravatI Adi usakI rAniyA~, udayana tathA rAjamAtA mRgAvatI bar3I sajadhaja se bhagavAn ke samavasaraNa meM vandanArtha gaIM, nAgarikajana bhI bar3I saMkhyA meM ekatra hue| bhagavAn vardhamAna ne usa mahatI sabhA meM vairAgyajanaka dharmadezanA kI, jise suna kara aneka dharmazIla manuSyoM ke hRdaya bhagavAn ke dharmamArga meM zraddhAlu bane / usI samaya sabhA meM upasthita mRgAvatI ne kahA-- 'bhagavAn ! maiM pradyota kI AjJA lekara Apake pAsa dIkSA grahaNa karanA cAhatI hU~ / isake bAda apane putra udayana ko pradyota ke saMrakSaNa meM chor3ate hue usase dIkSA kI AjJA mA~gI / yadyapi pradyota kI icchA mRgAvatI kI svIkRti dene kI nahIM thI para usa mahatI sabhA meM lajjAvaza vaha inakAra nahIM kara sakA / aMgAravatI Adi caNDapradyota kI ATha rAniyoM ne bhI dIkSA lene ke lie usI samaya rAjA se AjJA mA~gI / pradyota ne unheM bhI AjJA pradAna kI aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ne una saba ko nirgrantha mArga meM pravrajita kara zramaNIsaMgha meM praviSTa kiyA / 1. bhaga0 zata 11, udde0 12 10 550-551 / 2. AvazyakaTIkA pa0 64-67 / For Private Personal Use Only

Page #161
104 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kucha samaya taka zramaNa bhagavAn kauzAMbI tathA usake samIpavartI grAmanagaroM meM vicare aura phira videha- bhUmi kI ora vihAra kara gaye / grISmakAla pUrA hote-hote bhagavAn vaizAlI pahuMce aura varSAvAsa vaizAlI meM kiyA / 21. ikkIsavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 492-491) varSAvAsa pUrA hone para bhagavAn ne vaizAlI se uttaravideha kI ora prayANa kiyA aura mithilA hote hue kAkandI padhAre / kAkandI meM dhanya, sunakSatra Adi ko dIkSA dI / kAkandI se bhagavAn ne pazcima kI ora vihAra kiyA aura zrAvastI hote hue kAmpilya nagara padhAre / kAmpilyanivAsI kuNDakolika gRhapati ko zramaNopAsaka banA kara ahicchatrA hote hue gajapura pahu~ce / yahA~ para nirgranthapravacana kA upadeza de kara aneka zraddhAluoM ko nirgranthamArga meM sthira kiyA aura yahA~ se vApasa lauTa kara Apa polAsapura padhAre / polAsapura meM saddAlaputra nAmaka eka kumhAra rahatA thA / usakI polAsapura ke pratiSThita tathA dhanavAna gRhasthoM meM gaNanA hotI thii| usake pAsa tIna kror3a kI saMpatti thI aura dasa hajAra gAyoM kA eka gokula / saddAlaputra apane dhaMdhe meM pravINa aura prasiddha vyApArI thA / usake Adhipatya meM miTTI ke bartana kI pA~ca sau dUkAneM calatI thIM jinameM hajAroM kumhAra usakI nigarAnI meM kAma karate the / saddAlaputra AjIvaka dharma kA upAsaka thA / itanA hI nahIM, vaha AjIvaka dharma kA eka kuzala abhyAsI thA, usake asthimajjA AjIvaka-dharma ke saMskAroM se raMge hue the, usake vicAra meM AjIvaka-dharma hI parama dharma thA aura bAkI saba pAkhaMDa / isakI strI agnimitrA bhI AjIvakopAsikA thI / eka dina rAtri ke samaya saddAlaputra sukha kI nIMda so rahA thA taba kisI deva ne usase kahA-~- 'saddAlaputra ! kala prAtaH idhara sarvajJa, sarvadarzI mahAbrAhmaNa padhAreMge / unake pAsa jAkara prAtihArika zayyA pITaphalakAdi ke liye unheM nimantrita karanA' / saddAlapatra isa divya vANI se sAvadhAna ho gayA / usane socA--'prAta:kAla mere dharmAcArya bhagavAn maMkhaliputra padhAreMge,

Page #162
tIrthaMkara - jIvana kyoMki vartamAna kAla meM ve hI sarvajJa aura mahAbrAhmaNa haiM / bar3e tar3ake saddAlaputra uThA aura jarUrI kAmoM se nivRtta hokara apane dharmAcArya ke pAsa jAne kI taiyArI karane lagA / abhI vaha ThIka taraha se taiyAra bhI nahIM huA thA ki itane meM janapravAda sunAI dene lagA -' - 'polAsapura ke bAhara jJAtaputra zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra padhAre haiM / ' mahAvIra kA Agamana sunate hI saddAlaputra hatotsAha ho gayA / usakI darzanotkaMThA zAnta ho gaI / kSaNabhara ke lie kiMkartavyavimUDha hone ke uparAnta use gatarAtri kA devAdeza yAda AyA / usakA hRdaya jAgarita huA / vaha bhagavAn ke pAsa pahu~cA aura vinaya pUrvaka bolA -- 'bhagavan ! zayyA phalakAdi prastuta haiM, svIkAra karane kA anugraha kIjiye / ' zramaNa bhagavAn saddAlaputra kA nimaMtraNa svIkAra kara usakI bhANDazAlA meM jA upasthita hue / 105 bhagavAn ko apanI bhANDazAlA meM ThaharAkara tathA pIThaphalakAdi prAtihArika arpaNa kara saddAlaputra apane kAma meM lagA / bhANDazAlA meM bartanoM ko idhara-udhara karatA, gIloM ko dhUpa meM aura sUkhoM ko chAyA meM rakhatA huA vaha apane kAma meM lIna thA, usa samaya bhagavAn ne saddAlaputra se pUchAsaddAlaputra ! yaha bartana kaise banA ? saddAlaputra--bhagavan ! yaha bartana pahale kevala miTTI hI hotA hai / use jala meM bhigo, lIda bhUsA Adi milAkara piNDa banAte haiM aura piNDa ko cAka para car3hA kara hA~r3I, maTakI Adi aneka prakAra ke bartana banAe jAte haiM / mahAvIra ---- ye bartana puruSArtha aura parAkrama se bane haiM athavA unake binA hI ? saddAlaputra- ye bartana niyatibala se banate haiM, puruSa - parAkrama se nahIM / saba padArtha niyatavaza haiN| jisakA jaise honA niyata hai vaha vaise hI hotA hai / usameM puruSaprayatna kucha bhI parivartana nahIM kara sakatA / mahAvIra -- saddAlaputra ! tumhAre ina kacce tathA pakke bartanoM ko yadi For Private Personal Use Only

Page #163
106 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra koI puruSa curAle, bikhera de, phor3a DAle yA pheMka de athavA terI strI agnimitrA ke pAsa jAe to tuma use kyA daNDa doge ? saddAlaputra-bhagavan ! usa puruSa ko maiM gAliyA~ dU~, pIhU~, bA~dhU, tarjana-tAr3ana karU~ aura usake prANa taka le lU~ / mahAvIra-saddAlaputra ! tumhAre mata se na koI puruSa tumhAre bartana tor3aphor3a vA curA sakatA hai, na hI tumhArI strI ke pAsa jA sakatA hai aura na hI tuma use tarjana, tAr3anAdi daNDa hI de sakate ho, kyoMki saba bhAva niyata hI hote haiM / kisI kA kiyA kucha nahIM hotA / yadi tumhAre bartana kisI se tor3e-phor3e jA sakate haiM, agnimitrA ke pAsa koI jA sakatA hai aura ina kAmoM ke lie tuma kisI ko daNDa de sakate ho to phira 'puruSArtha nahIM, parAkrama nahIM, sarvabhAva niyata haiM' yaha tumhArA kathana asatya siddha hogA / saddAlaputra samajha gayA / niyativAda kA siddhAnta kaisA avyavahArika hai, isakA use patA laga gayA / vaha zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke caraNoM meM natamastaka ho kara bolA--bhagavan ! maiM nirgrantha-pravacana kA upadeza sunanA cAhatA bhagavAn ne saddAlaputra kI icchA kA anumodana karate hue nirgranthapravacana kA upadeza diyA jise sunakara saddAlaputra ko jina-dharma para zraddhA aura ruci jAgrata huI / usI samaya usane dvAdazavrata sahita gRhasthadharma svIkAra kiyA / ghara jAkara saddAlaputra ne apane naye dharma aura naye dharmAcArya ke svIkAra kI bAta agnimitrA se kahI aura use bhI eka bAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mukha se nirgrantha pravacana sunane aura usa para zraddhA lAne kI salAha dI / agnimitrA apanA ratha sajA kara bhagavAn ke pAsa gaI aura unakA divya upadeza sunakara usake hRdaya meM yathArtha zraddhA utpanna huI aura usI samaya samyaktvamUla dvAdazavratAtmaka gRhastha-dharma svIkAra kara apane sthAna gaI / saddAlaputra ke dharmaparivartana kA samAcAra AjIvaka-saMgha ke netA maMkhaliputra gozAlaka ke kAnoM taka pahu~cA / AjIvaka matAnuyAyI gRhasthoM meM

Page #164
tIrthaMkara-jIvana 107 sadAlaputra kA vizeSa sthAna thA / usake dharmaparivartana karane kI maMkhaliputra ke hRdaya meM kabhI kalpanA bhI nahIM huI thI / jaba usane saddAlaputra ke AjIvaka-dharma chor3ane kI bAta sunI to mAnoM usa para vajrapAta ho gayA / krodha se usakA zarIra kA~pane lagA, oMTha phar3akane lage aura ceharA lAla ho uThA / kSaNabhara avAk ho oMThoM ko cabAtA huA apane bhikSu-saMgha se bolAbhikSuo ! sunate ho, polAsapura kA dharma-staMbha gira gayA / zramaNa mahAvIra ke upadeza se saddAlaputra AjIvaka saMpradAya ko chor3a kara nirgrantha-pravacana kA bhakta ho gayA hai / kaisA Azcarya hai ! kitane kheda kI bAta hai !! bhikSuo caliye, polAsapura kI ora zIghra caliye / sadAla ko phira se AjIvakadharma meM lAkara sthira karanA, apanA sarvaprathama kartavya hai / apane bhikSu-saMgha ke sAtha maMkhali gozAlaka ne polAsapura kI ora prayANa kiyA / use pUrNa vizvAsa thA ki polAsapura jAte hI saddAlaputra phira AjIvaka-saMgha kA sabhya bana jAyagA / isI AzA meM usane bar3I jaldI polAsapura kA mArga taya kiyA / polAsapura meM AjIvaka-saMgha kI eka sabhA' thI, gozAlaka ne usI sabhA meM DerA DAlA / kucha bhikSuoM ke sAtha gozAlaka saddAlaputra ke sthAna para gayA / vaha saddAlaputra jo gozAlaka kA nAmamAtra suna kara pulakita ho uThatA thA, Aja use apane makAna para Aye hue dekha kara bhI usane koI saMbhrama nahIM dikhAyA ! gozAlaka ko dekha kara na vaha uThA hI aura na usakA gurubhAva se satkAra hI kiyA / maMkhali zramaNa ko apanI zakti kI thAha mila gayI / saddAlaputra ko punaH AjIvaka matAnuyAyI banAne kI usakI AzA vilIna-sI ho gaI / usane socA upadeza dvArA yA pratikUlatA dikhAne se saddAlaputra kA anukUla honA kaThina hai / zAnti aura komalatA ko dhAraNa karate hue gozAlaka bolA devAnupriya ! mahAbrAhmaNa yahA~ A gaye ? saddAlaputra-mahAbrAhmaNa kauna ? goo-zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra / 1. sabhA karane kA makAna-sabhAbhavana /

Page #165
108 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra sa0-bhagavAn mahAvIra mahAbrAhmaNa kaise ? zramaNa bhagavAn ko kisa kAraNa mahAbrAhmaNa kahate ho ? go0-bhagavAn mahAvIra jJAna darzana ke dhAraka haiM, jagatpUjita haiM aura sacce karmayogI hai / isaliye ve 'mahAbrAhmaNa' haiM / kyA mahAgopa yahA~ A gaye ? sa0-~-mahAgopa kauna ? go0--zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra / sa0-devAnupriya ! bhagavAn mahAvIra ko mahAgopa kaise kahate ho ? go0-isa saMsArarUpI ghora aTavI meM bhaTakate, TakarAte aura naSTa hote saMsArI-prANiyoM kA dharmadaNDa se gopana karate haiM aura mokSarUpa bAr3e meM sakuzala pahu~cAte haiM, isI kAraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra 'mahAgopa' haiM / kyA 'mahAdharmakathI' yahA~ A gaye, saddAlaputra ? sao-mahAdharmakathI kauna ? go0-zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra / sa0-devAnupriya ! bhagavAn mahAvIra ko mahAdharmakathI kisa kAraNa kahate ho ? go0-saddAlaputra ! isa asIma saMsAra meM bhaTakate, TakarAte, vAstavika mArga ko chor3a kara unmArga para calate hue ajJAnI jIvoM ko dharmatattva kA upadeza dekara dharmamArga para calAte haiM, isa vAste zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra 'mahAdharmakathI' haiM / kyA 'mahAniryAmaka' yahA~ A gaye, saddAlaputra ? sao-mahAniryAmaka kauna ? go0-zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra / sa0-devAnupriya, zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ko mahAniryAmaka kisa liye kahate ho ? go0-----isa saMsArarUpI athAha samudra meM DUbate hue jIvoM ko dharmasvarUpa nAva meM biThalA kara apane hAtha se unheM pAra lagAte haiM, ataH zramaNa bhagavAna

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109 tIrthaMkara-jIvana mahAvIra 'mahAniryAmaka' haiM / sa0-devAnupriya ! tuma aise catura, aise nayavAdI, aise upadezaka aura aise vijJAna ke jJAtA ho to kyA mere dharmAcArya dharmopadezaka zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAtha vivAda kara sakate ho ? go0-nahIM, maiM aisA karane meM samartha nahIM huuN| sa0-kyoM ? mere dharmAcArya ke sAtha vivAda karane meM tuma samartha kyoM nahIM ? go0-saddAlaputra ! jaise koI yuvA malla puruSa bakare, meMDhe suara Adi pazu yA kukar3e, tItara, bataka Adi pakSI ko pA~va, pU~cha, paMkha jahA~ kahIM se pakar3atA hai, majabUta pakar3atA hai; vaise hI zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra bhI hetu, yukti, prazna aura uttara meM jahA~-jahA~ mujhe pakar3ate haiM vahA~-vahA~ niruttara karake hI chor3ate haiM / isaliye maiM tumhAre dharmAcArya ke sAtha vivAda karane meM samartha nahIM hU~ / saddAlaputra-devAnupriya ! tuma mere dharmAcArya dharmopadezaka zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sadguNoM kI vAstavika prazaMsA karate ho isaliye, na ki dharma yA tapa samajha kara, pIThaphalaka Adi ke lie nimaMtraNa detA hU~ / merI bhANDazAlA meM jAo aura jo upakaraNa cAhiye le kara raho / isa para maMkhali gozAlaka saddAlaputra kI bhANDazAlA meM jA kara ThaharA / bhANDazAlA meM rahate hue gozAlaka ne saddAlaputra ko bahuta samajhAyAbujhAyA, para apane prayala meM vaha saphala nahIM ho sakA / vaha saddAlaputra kI ora se sadA ke liye nirAza hokara calA gayA / isa ghaTanA se usa ke hRdaya meM jo gaharI coTa lagI vaha kabhI zAnta nahIM huI / polAsapura se vihAra kara aneka sthAnoM meM pravacana kA pracAra karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra grISma Rtu ke anta meM vANijyagrAma pahu~ce aura varSAvAsa bhI vahIM vyatIta kiyA / 1. upAsakadazA adhyayana 7, pa0 43-53 /

Page #167
110 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra 22. bAIsavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 491-490) varSAkAla bItane para bhagavAn ne magadha-bhUmi kI ora vihAra kiyA aura kramaza: rAjagRha padhAre / yahA~ ke samavasaraNa meM bhagavAn ke upadeza se rAjagRha nivAsI mahAzataka gAthApati ne zramaNopAsakadharma svIkAra kiyA / isa avasara para bahuta se pArkhApatya sthavira bhagavan mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa meM Aye aura unhoMne kucha dUra khar3e rahakara prazna kiyA bhagavan ! isa asaMkhyeya loka meM ananta rAtridina utpanna hue, hote haiM aura hoMge yA parItta ? tathA ananta rAtridina vyatIta hue haiM, hote haiM aura hoMge yA parItta ? mahAvIra-Aryo ! isa asaMkhyeya loka meM ananta aura parItta rAtridina utpanna hue, hote haiM aura hoMge tathA ananta aura parItta hI vyatIta hue, hote haiM aura hoMge / sthavira-bhagavan yaha kaise ? asaMkhyeya loka meM ananta aura parItta rAtridina kaise utpanna hue aura vyatIta hue ? mahAvIra-Aryo ! puruSAdAnIya pArzvanAtha arhanta ne kahA hai ki loka zAzvata-anAdi-ananta hai / vaha parItta (asaMkhyeya pradezAtmaka) aura parivRtta (alokAkAza se vyApta) hai / nIce kI tarapha vistRta, madhya meM saMkSipta aura Upara ke bhAga meM vizAla hai| AkAra meM vaha adhobhAga meM palaMga jaisA, madhya meM vajra jaisA aura UparI bhAga meM UrdhvamRdaMga jaisA hai / isa anAdi-ananta zAzvata loka meM ananta jIvapiNDa utpanna ho-hokara vilIna hote haiM / parItta jIvapiNDa bhI utpanna ho-hokara vilIna hote haiM, ataeva loka utpAda-vyayadhrauvyAtmaka hai / loka kA dUsarA aMza 'ajIvakAya' pratyakSa hone se loka pratyakSa hai / lokavartI 'ajIvadravya' pratyakSa dekhA jAtA hai isIliye isako 'loka' kahate haiM; lokyate iti lokaH / / / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke spaSTIkaraNa se pArkhApatya sthaviroM ke mana kA samAdhAna ho gayA aura unheM yaha bhI vizvAsa ho gayA ki bhagavAn mahAvIra 'sarvajJa' aura 'sarvadarzI' haiM / ve zramaNa bhagavAn ko vandana-namaskAra kara bole--'bhagavan, hama Apa ke pAsa cAturyAmadharma ke sthAna para paJcamahAvratAtmaka

Page #168
tIrthaMkara - jIvana sapratikramaNadharma svIkAra karanA cAhate haiM / sthaviroM kI prArthanA ko svIkAra karate hue mahAvIra ne kahA'devAnupriyo ! tuma sukhapUrvaka aisA kara sakate ho / isake bAda pAzrvapitya sthaviroM ne zramaNa bhagavAn ke pAsa paJcamahAvratikadharma svIkAra kiyA aura bahuta kAla taka zrAmaNya pAlakara anta meM nirvANapada prApta kiyA / roha anagAra ke prazna usa samaya roha nAmaka anagAra bhagavAn se kucha dUra baiThe tattva cintana kara rahe the / lokaviSayaka cintana karate hue unheM kucha zaMkA utpanna huI / ve turanta uThakara bhagavAn ke pAsa Aye aura vandana kara prazna kiyA-- bhagavan ! pahale 'loka' aura pIche 'aloka' yA pahale 'aloka' aura pIche 'loka' ? 111 bhagavAn -- roha ! 'loka' aura 'aloka' donoM pahale bhI kahe jA sakate haiM aura pIche bhI / ye zAzvata bhAva haiM / ina meM pahale pIche kA krama nahIM / I roha--- bhagavan ! pahale jIva aura pIche ajIva yA pahale ajIva aura pIche jIva ? bhagavAn --roha ! jIva- ajIva bhI zAzvatabhAva haiM, inameM bhI pahalepIche kA krama nahIM / roha -- bhagavan ! pahale bhavasiddhika aura pIche abhavasiddhika yA pahale abhavasiddhika aura pIche bhavasiddhika ? bhagavAn -- roha ! bhavasiddhika aura abhavasiddhika donoM zAzvatabhAva haiM / inameM bhI pahale pIche kA krama nahIM / 1. bha0 za0 5, u0 9 pa0 247-248 | For Private Personal Use Only

Page #169
zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra roha-bhagavan ! siddhi pahale aura asiddha pIche yA asiddha pahale aura siddhi pIche ? bhagavAn-roha ! ye donoM zAzvatabhAva haiM, inameM pahale-pIche kA krama nahIM / roha-bhagavan ! siddha pahale aura asiddha pIche yA asiddha pahale aura siddha pIche ? bhagavAn--roha ! ye bhI zAzvatabhAva haiM, inameM pahale-pIche kA krama nahIM / roha-bhagavan ! pahale aNDA aura pIche murgI yA pahale murgI aura pIche aNDA ? bhagavAn--roha ! vaha aNDA kahA~ se huA ? roha-murgI se / bhagavAn-aura vaha murgI kahA~ se huI ? roha-aNDe se / bhagavAn-roha ! isI prakAra aMDA aura murgI donoM pahale bhI kahe jA sakate haiM aura pIche bhI / ye zAzvatabhAva haiM, inameM pahale-pIche kA krama nahIM / roha-bhagavan ! pahale lokAnta aura pIche alokAnta yA pahale alokAnta aura pIche lokAnta ? __bhagavAn-lokAnta aura alokAnta donoM pahale bhI kahe jA sakate aura pIche bhI, inameM pahale-pIche kA koI anukrama nahIM / roha-bhagavan ! pahale loka pIche saptama avakAzAntara yA pahale saptama avakAzAntara aura pIche loka ? bhagavAn-roha ! donoM zAzvatabhAva haiM, inameM pahale-pIche kA koI krama nahIM /

Page #170
nIrthakara-jIvana 113 roha-bhagavan ! pahale lokAnta, pIche saptama tanuvAta yA pahale saptama tanuvAta aura pIche lokAnta ? bhagavAn-roha ! ye donoM zAzvatabhAva haiM, pahale bhI kahe jA sakate hai, pIche bhI, inameM koI anukrama nahIM / roha--bhagavan ! pahale lokAnta, pIche dhanavAta yA pahale ghanavAta aura pIche lokAnta ? bhagavAn-roha ! donoM zAzvatabhAva haiM / roha-bhagavan ! pahale lokAnta, pIche ghanodadhi yA pahale ghanodadhi aura pIche lokAnta ? bhagavAn-donoM zAzvatabhAva haiM, inameM pahale-pIche kA koI krama nahIM / roha-bhagavan ! pahale lokAnta, pIche saptama pRthvI yA pahale saptama pRthvI pIche lokAnta ? bhagavAn-roha ! ye donoM zAzvatabhAva haiM, inameM pahale-pIche kA koI kama nahIM / isI taraha roha anagAra ne ukta sabhI prazna alokAnta ke sAtha bhI pUche aura bhagavAn ne uttara diye / roha-bhagavan ! pahale saptama avakAzAntara, pIche saptama tanuvAta yA pahale saptama tanuvAta aura pIche saptama avakAzAntara ? bhagavAn-donoM zAzvatabhAva haiM, inameM pahale-pIche kA krama nahIM / isI prakAra roha ne pUrva-pUrva pada chor3a kara uttara-uttara pada ke sAtha pahale-pIche kA krama pUchA aura bhagavAn ne uttara diyA / bhagavAn ke uttaroM se roha anagAra parama saMtuSTa huA / 1. bha0 za0 1, u0 6, pa0 80-81 / zramaNa-8

Page #171
114 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra lokasthiti ke saMbandha meM gautama ke prazna gautama ne pUchA-bhagavan ! lokasthiti kitane prakAra kI kahI hai ? bhagavAn--gautama ! lokasthiti ATha prakAra kI kahI hai, jaise-1. AkAza para havA pratiSThita hai, 2. havA para samudra, 3. samudra para pRthvI, 4. pRthvI para trasasthAvara prANI, 5. (trasasthAvara) jIvoM para ajIva (jIva zarIra) aura 6. karmoM para jIva pratiSThita haiM, 7. ajIva-jIva saMgRhIta hai aura 8. jIva-karma saMgRhIta haiM // gautama-bhagavan ! yaha kaise ? AkAza para havA aura havA para pRthvI Adi kaise pratiSThita ho sakatI hai / / bhagavAn gautama ! jaise koI puruSa mazaka ko havA se pUrNa bhara kara usakA mu~ha ba~da kara de, phira usako bIca meM se majabUta bA~dha kara mu~ha para kI gA~Tha khola havA nikAla kara usameM pAnI bhara de aura phira mu~ha para tAna kara gA~Tha de de aura bAda meM bIca kI gA~Tha chor3a de to vaha pAnI nIce kI havA para ThaharegA ? gautama-hA~ bhagavan ! vaha pAnI havA ke Upara ThaharegA / bhagavAn-isI taraha AkAza ke Upara havA aura havA ke Upara pRthvI Adi rahate haiM / gautama ! koI AdamI mazaka ko havA se bhara kara apanI kamara meM bA~dhe hue athAha jala ko avagAhana kare to vaha Upara ThaharegA yA nahIM ? gautama-hA~ bhagavan, vaha manuSya Upara rahegA / bhagavAn-isI prakAra AkAza para havA aura havA para pRthvI Adi pratiSThita haiM / isa varSa bhagavAn ne varSAvAsa rAjagRha meM hI kiyA / 23. teIsavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 490 - 489) varSAkAla pUrA hote hI bhagavAn ne rAjagRha se pazcimottara pradeza kI ora 1. bha0 za0 1, u0 6, pa0 81 /

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana 115 vihAra kiyA aura gA~voM meM dharma-pracAra karate hue kacaMgalA nagarI ke chatrapalAsa caitya meM padhAre / kacaMgalAnivAsI tathA AsapAsa ke gA~voM ke aneka bhAvika loga bhagavAn kA Agamana suna kara chatrapalAsa meM ekatra hue aura vandananamaskAra pUrvaka dharma-zravaNa kara apane-apane sthAna para gaye / skandaka-pravrajyA usa samaya zrAvastI ke samIpa eka maTha meM gardabhAliziSya kAtyAyana gotrIya skandaka nAmaka parivrAjaka rahatA thA / vaha veda, vedAGga, purANa Adi vaidika sAhitya kA pAraMgata vidvAn tathA tattvAnveSI aura jijJAsu tapasvI thA / jisa samaya bhagavAn chatrapalAsa meM padhAre skandaka kAryavaza zrAvastI AyA huA thA / vahA~ use 'piMgalaka' nAmaka kAtyAyana gotrIya eka nirgrantha zramaNa mile / zramaNa piMgalaka ne skandaka se pUchA 'mAgadha ! isa loka kA anta hai yA nahIM ? jIva kA anta hai yA nahIM ? siddhi kA anta hai yA nahIM ? siddhoM kA anta haiM yA nahIM ? aura he mAgadha ! kisa maraNa se maratA huA jIva bar3hatA aura ghaTatA hai ?' pA~coM prazna eka sAtha pUcha kara nirgrantha ne uttara kI pratIkSA kI / skandaka kAtyAyana ne pA~coM praznoM ko acchI taraha sunA aura unapara khUba vicAra bhI kiyA parantu unakA uttara nahIM de sakA / ulTA vaha jyojyoM unapara vicAra karatA jAtA zaMkAkula ho viseSa ulajhatA jAtA / piMgalaka ne dUsarI aura tIsarI bAra bhI una praznoM kI AvRtti kI para skandaka kI tarapha se koI uttara nahIM milA / ThIka isI samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra ke chatrapalAsa caitya meM padhArane ke samAcAra zrAvastI meM pahu~ce / cauka, bAjAra, muhalle aura galiyoM meM unakI carcA hone lagI aura kSaNabhara meM zrAvastI kI Astika prajA se chatrapalAsa ke mArga para gaye / nagaravAsiyoM kI yaha carcA aura pravRtti kAtyAyana skandaka ne dekhI aura ve bhI sAvadhAna ho gaye / jJAnI mahAvIra ke pAsa jAkara vandana-namaskAra aura dharmacarcA karane ke vicAra se ve zrAvastI se jaldI lauTa kara apane Azrama

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116 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra meM Aye aura geruA vastra dhAraNakara tridaMDa, kuNDikA, kaJcanikA, kaTorikA, bisikA, kesarikA, channAlaka, aMkuzaka, pavitrikA tathA gaNetrikA le pAdukAe~ pahana Azrama se nikale aura zrAvastI ke madhya meM hote hue chatrapalAsa caitya kI sImA meM pahu~ce / udhara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne gautama se kahA---gautama ! Aja tuma apane eka pUrvaparicita ko dekhoge / gautama-bhagavan ! maiM kisa pUrvaparicita ko dekhUgA ? mahAvIra-Aja tuma kAtyAyana skandaka parivrAjaka ko dekhoge / gautama-bhagavan yaha kaise ! skandaka yahA~ kaise milegA ? mahAvIra-zrAvastI meM piMgalaka nirgrantha ne skandaka se kucha prazna pUche the jinakA uttara vaha nahIM de sakA / phira hamArA yahA~ Agamana sunakara vaha apane Azrama meM lauTa gayA aura vahA~ se geruA vastra pahana tridaNDa kuNDakAdi upakaraNa le yahA~ Ane ke liye prasthAna kara cukA hai / tumhArA pUrvaparicita skandaka abhI mArga meM A rahA hai| vaha aba bahuta dUra nahIM, thor3e hI samaya meM tumhAre dRSTigocara hogA / ___ gautama-bhagavan ! kyA kAtyAyana skandaka meM ApakA ziSya hone kI yogyatA hai ? mahAvIra-skandaka meM ziSya hone kI yogyatA hai aura vaha hamArA ziSya ho jAyagA / bhagavAna mahAvIra aura gautama kA vArtAlApa ho hI rahA thA ki itane meM skandaka samavasaraNa ke nikaTa A pahu~ce / unheM dekhate hI gautama uThe aura sAmane jAkara svAgata karate hue bole-mAgadha ! kyA yaha saca hai ki zrAvastI meM piMgala nirgrantha ne Apase kucha prazna pUche the aura unakA ThIka uttara na sUjhane para usake samAdhAna ke liye ApakA yahA~ AnA huA hai ? skandaka-bilakula ThIka hai / para gautama ! aisA kauna jJAnI aura tapasvI hai jisane mere dila kI yaha gupta bAta tumheM kaha dI ?

Page #174
tIrthaMkara - jIvana 117 gautama ---- mahAnubhava skandaka ! mere dharmAcArya bhagavAn mahAvIra aise jJAnI aura tapasvI haiM jo bhUta-bhaviSyat aura vartamAna tInoM kAla ke saba bhAvoM ko jAnate aura dekhate haiM / inhIM mahApuruSa ke kahane se maiM tumhAre dila kI gupta bAta jAna sakA hU~ / skandaka ---- acchA, taba caliye gautama, tumhAre dharmAcArya zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ko vandana kara lU~ / gautama - bahuta acchA, caliye I indrabhUti, gautama aura skandaka donoM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa pahu~ce / skandaka kI dRSTi unake tejasvI zarIra para par3ate hI unake alaukika rUpa, raMga aura teja se vaha Azcarya cakita ho gayA / mahAtapasvI, mahAjJAnI aura divyatejasvI mahAvIra ke darzanamAtra se skandaka kA hRdaya harSAvega se bhara gayA / ve bhagavAn ke nikaTa Aye, tripradakSiNA pUrvaka vandana kiyA aura hAtha jor3akara sAmane khar3e ho gae / skandaka ke manobhAva ko prakaTa karate hue mahAvIra ne kahA-- skandaka ! piMgalaka ke 'loka sAdi hai yA ananta ?' ityAdi praznoM se tumhAre mana meM saMzaya utpanna huA hai ? skandaka -- jI hA~, isa viSaya meM merA mana zaMkita hai aura isIlie Apake caraNoM meM AyA hU~ / mahAvIra - skandaka ! dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva-bheda se loka cAra prakAra kA hai / dravya svarUpa se loka sAnta (antavAlA) hai, kyoMki vaha dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, jIvAstikAya aura pudgalAstikAyarUpa kevala paJcadravyamaya hai / kSetrasvarUpa se loka asaMkhyAta yojana koTAkoTi laMbA, asaMkhyAta yojana koTAkoTi caur3A aura asaMkhyAta yojana koTAkoTi vistRta hai, phira bhI vaha sAnta hai / kAlasvarUpa se loka ananta, nitya aura zAzvata hai kyoMki vaha pahale thA, aba hai aura Age rahegA / trikAlavartI hone se kAlAtmaka loka ananta haiM / aura bhAvasvarUpa se bhI loka ananta haiM, kyoMki vaha ananta varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza, saMsthAna, guru For Private Personal Use Only

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118 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra laghu aura aguru-laghu paryAyAtmaka hai, ananta paryAyAtmaka hone se bhAvaloka 'ananta' hai / jIva bhI dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva svarUpa se vicAraNIya hai / dravyasvarUpa se jIva-dravya eka hone se sAnta hai / kSetrasvarUpa se jIva asaMkhyAtapradezika aura asaMkhya-AkAzapradeza-vyApI hai, tathApi vaha sAnta hai / kAlasvarUpa se jIva ananta hai, kyoMki yaha pahale thA, aba hai, aura bhaviSya meM rahegA, trikAlavartI hone se kAlApekSayA jIva nitya (zAzvata) hai / bhAvasvarUpa se bhI jIva ananta hai / jJAna, darzana aura cAritra ke anantAnanta paryAyoM se bharapUra aura ananta agurulagu paryAya svarUpa hone se bhAva se jIva ananta hai / skandaka ! isI prakAra siddhi bhI dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva ina cAra prakAroM se vicAraNIya hai / dravyasvarUpa se siddhi eka hone se sAnta hai| kSetrasvarUpa se siddhi paiMtAlIsa lAkha yojana laMbI-caur3I aura eka karor3a bayAlIsa lAkha tIsa hajAra do sau yojana aura kucha kama do kosa kI paridhivAlI hai / kAlasvarUpa se siddhi ananta hai, isakA pahale kabhI abhAva nahIM thA, vartamAna meM abhAva nahIM hai aura bhaviSya meM kabhI abhAva nahIM hogA / yaha zAzvata hai aura rahegI / bhAvasvarUpa se bhI ananta paryAyAtmaka hone se siddhi ananta hai| siddha bhI dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva ke bheda se cAra prakAra ke haiM / dravyApekSayA siddha eka hone se sAnta hai / kSetravicAra se siddha asaMkhyapradezAtmaka tathA asaMkhyAkAzapradezavyApI hone para bhI sAnta hai / kAlasvarUpa se siddha kI Adi hone para bhI usakA anta nahIM hotA ataH vaha ananta hai / bhAvasvarUpa se siddha ananta hai, kyoMki vaha ananta jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura aguru-laghu paryAyamaya hotA hai / skandaka ! maraNa maiMne do taraha ke kahe haiM---eka bAlamaraNa aura dUsarA paMDita-maraNa / bAlamaraNa ke bAraha bheda haiM-1. bhUkha kI pIr3A se tar3apa kara, 2. viSaya-bhoga kI aprApti se nirAza hokara, 3. jIvana bhara meM kie hue pApoM ko hRdaya meM gupta rakhakara, 4, vartamAna jIvana kI vizeSa saphalatA na kara phira isI gati kA AyuSya bA~dha kara, 5. parvata se gira kara, 6. vRkSa se gira

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana 119 kara, 7. jala meM DUba kara, 8. agni meM jala kara, 9. viSa khAkara, 10. zastra prayoga se, 11. phA~sI lagA kara aura 12. gIdha pakSI athavA anya mAMsabhakSI pakSiyoM se nucavA kara maranA / / skandaka ! ina bAraha prakAra ke maraNoM meM se kisI bhI mRtyu se maratA haA jIva naraka aura tiryaggati kA adhikArI aura caturgatyAtmaka saMsAra bhramaNa ko bar3hAtA hai / maraNa se bar3hanA isI ko kahate haiM / paNDita-maraNa ke do bheda haiM-1. pAdapopagamana aura 2. bhaktapratyAkhyAna / AyuSya kA anta nikaTa jAna kara khar3e-khar3e, baiThe-baiThe athavA sotesote jisa Asana meM anazana svIkAra kiyA jAya usI Asana meM anta taka rahakara zubha dhyAna pUrvaka prANa tyAga karanA pAdapopagamana maraNa hai| anazana karake bhI dUsarI ceSTAoMkA tyAga na kara apanI Avazyaka kriyAoM ko karate hue samAdhipUrvaka prANatyAga karanA bhaktapratyAkhyAna maraNa hai| skandaka ! ina paMDita-maraNoM se marate hue jJAnI manuSya narakatiryaggati ke bhramaNa kama kara dete haiM aura isa anAdi-ananta dIrghasaMsAra ko kama karake mukti ke nikaTa jA pahu~cate haiM / isa spaSTIkaraNa se pratibaddha ho skandaka ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ko vandana kara nirgrantha pravacana kA vizeSa upadeza sunane kI icchA prakaTa kI / bhagavAn ne usI samaya skandaka tathA anya upasthita mahAnubhAvoM ke samakSa nirgranthadharma kA upadeza kiyA jise suna kara skandaka Anandita hokara bole'bhagavan maiM nirgrantha pravacana ko cAhatA hU~, maiM isa para pUrNa zraddhA karatA hU~, ApakA kathana ni:saMdeha satya hai maiM Apake pravacana ko svIkAra karatA hU~ / ' yaha kahakara skandaka IzAnakoNa kI tarapha kucha dUra gaye aura tridaNDa, kamaNDalu, pAdukA Adi parivrAjakopakaraNoM ko ekAnta meM chor3a phira bhagavAna ke pAsa Aye aura vandana kara bole-'bhagavan ! yaha saMsAra cAroM ora se Aga meM jalate hue ghara ke samAna hai / jalate ghara meM se jo bhI sArabhUta padArtha

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120 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra hAtha lage use lekara gRhasvAmI bAhara nikala jAtA hai / he bhagavan ! isa jalate hue saMsAra dAvAnala meM 'AtmA' hI merA sarvasva hai / isako bacAne ke liye isa dAvAnala tulya saMsAra se dUra honA hI mere liye hitakara hai|' yaha kahakara skandaka ne mahAvIra ke pAsa zramaNadharma kI dIkSA lI / zramaNa bhagavAn ne use nirgrantha mArga meM praviSTa kara tatsaMbandhI zikSA aura sAmAcArI se paricaya karAyA / bhagavAn kI sevA meM rahate, zramaNa-dharma kI ArAdhanA karate aura jina pravacana kA abhyAsa karate hue anagAra skandaka ne ekAdazAGgI kA adhyayana kiyA / kAtyAyana skandaka pahale hI se tapasvI the / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSita hone ke bAda ve aura bhI viziSTa tapasvI ho gaye, bhikSupratimA, guNaratnasaMvatsaratapa Adi vividha tapa aura viziSTa sAdhanAoM se karmakSaya karane meM skandaka ne zakti bhara prayatna kiyA / aura pUre 12 varSa taka zrAmaNya pAlane ke uparAnta skandaka anagAra ne anta meM vipulAcala parvata para jAkara anazana kara diyA aura samAdhipUrvaka deha chor3a 'acyuta kalpa' nAmaka svarga meM devapada prApta kiyaa| vahA~ se mahAvideha meM manuSya janma pAkara punaH dharma kI ArAdhanA se nirvANapada prApta kareMge / chatrapalAsa caitya se vihAra kara bhagavAn zrAvastI ke koSThaka caitya meM padhAre / bhagavAn ke Agamana para zrAvastI kI prajA Apake darzana vandana ke liye umar3a par3I / zramaNa bhagavAn kI dharmadezanA se aneka bhAvika manuSyoM ko dharma prApti huI, aneka gRhasthoM ne gRhasthadharma ke vrata liye, jinameM gAthApati nandinI pitA, usakI strI azvinI, gAthApati sAlihIpitA aura usakI strI phAlgunI ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / zrAvastI se bhagavAn videha bhUmi kI tarapha padhAre aura vANijyagrAma meM jAkara varSAvAsa kiyA / 1. bhaga0 za0 2, u0 1, pa0 112-128 /

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121 tIrthakara-jIvana 24. caubIsavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 489-488) varSAkAla pUrNa hone para bhagavAn vANijyagrAma se brAhmaNakuNDa ke bahusAla caitya meM padhAre / yahA~ para jamAli anagAra ko apane pA~ca sau ziSyoM ke sAtha pRthak vihAra karane kI icchA huI, ve uThe aura bhagavAn ko vandana kara bole-'bhagavan ! ApakI AjJA se maiM apane parivAra ke sAtha pRthaka vihAra karanA cAhatA hU~ / ' jamAli kI isa prArthanA kA bhagavAn ne kucha bhI uttara nahIM diyA / jamAli ne dUsarI tIsarI bAra bhI isI taraha vandanapUrvaka, pRthak vihAra kI AjJA mA~gI parantu zramaNa bhagavAn kI tarapha se use koI uttara nahIM milA, taba jamAli binA AjJA hI apane anuyAyI pA~ca sau sAdhuoM ke sAtha bahusAla caitya se nikala gayA / brAhmaNakuNDa se zramaNa bhagavAn ne vatsabhUmi meM praveza kiyA aura nirgrantha pravacana kA pracAra karate hue kauzaMbI padhAre / yahA~ para Apako sUrya aura candra vandana karane ke lie pRthvI para Aye / pApityoM kI dezanA kA zramaNa bhagavAn dvArA samarthana __ kauzAMbI se kAzI rASTra meM se hokara bhagavAn rAjagRha ke guNazIla caitya meM padhAre / una dinoM kucha pApitya sthavira pA~ca sau anagAroM ke sAtha vicarate hue rAjagRha ke nikaTavartI tuMgIyA nagarI ke puSyavatIka caitya meM Aye hue the / sthaviroM kA Agamana sunakara tuMgIyA ke aneka zramaNopAsaka vandana tathA dharmopadeza zravaNa karane ke lie udyAna meM gaye / zramaNopAsaka tathA sabhA ke sAmane sthaviroM ne cAturyAma-dharma kA upadeza kiyA / jise sunakara zramaNopAsakagaNa saMtuSTa huA aura phira vandana kara vizeSa jijJAsA se jJAnagoSThI karane lagA, unhoMne pUchA- bhagavan ! saMyama kA phala kyA hai, aura tapa kA phala kyA hai ? sthavira--AryoM ! saMyama kA phala hai 'anAzrava' aura tapa kA phala hai 'nirjarA' / zramaNo0-bhagavan ! yadi saMyama kA phala anAzrava aura tapa kA phala 'nirjarA' hai to devaloka meM deva kisa kAraNa se utpanna hote haiM ?

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122 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kAliyaputra sthavira-Aryo ! prAthamika tapa se devaloka meM deva utpanna hote haiM / mehila sthavira-Aryo ! prAthamika saMyama se devaloka meM deva utpanna hote haiM / AnandarakSita sthavira-Aryo ! kArmikatA se devaloka meM deva utpanna hote haiN| __kAzyapa sthavira-Aryo ! saMgikatA (Asakti) se devaloka meM deva utpanna hote haiM / pUrvatapa, pUrvasaMyama, kArmikatA aura saMgikatA se devaloka meM deva utpanna hote haiM / sthaviroM ke uttara sunakara zramaNopAsaka bahuta prasanna hue aura sthaviroM ko vandana kara apane-apane sthAna para gaye / bAda meM sthavira bhI vahA~ se vihAra kara anyatra cale gaye / usI samaya indrabhUti gautama bhagavAn kI AjJA le rAjagRha meM bhikSAcArya ke lie nikale, U~ca, nIca, madhyama-kuloM meM bhikSATana karate hue unhoMne pUrvokta pArkhApatya sthaviroM se tuMgIyA ke zramaNopAsakoM dvArA pUche gaye praznoM aura sthaviroM kI tarapha se diye gaye unake uttaroM ke viSaya meM lokacarcA sunI / isa para gautama ko kucha saMdeha huA aura sthaviroM ke uttara ThIka haiM yA nahIM isakA nirNaya karane kA vicAra kara ve bhagavAn ke pAsa gaye / bhikSAcaryA kI AlocanA karane ke bAda unhoMne pUchA-bhagavana ! maiMne rAjagaha meM sthaviroM ke praznottara saMbandhI jo carcA sunI hai kyA vaha ThIka hai ? sthaviroM ne jo uttara diye kyA ve ThIka haiM ? aise uttara dene meM ve samartha ho sakate haiM ? ___ bhagavAn ne kahA-gautama ! tuMgIyAnivAsI zramaNopAsakoM ke praznoM ke pArkhApatya sthaviroM ne jo uttara diye haiM ve yathArtha haiN| unhoMne jo kucha kahA satya hai / he gautama ! isa viSaya meM merA bhI yahI siddhAnta hai ki pUrvatapa tathA pUrvasaMyama se deva devaloka meM utpanna hote haiM / 1. (bha0 za0 2, nu0 5, pa0 138-140)

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana 123 25. pacIsavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 488-487) __isI varSa meM bhagavAn ke ziSya vehAsa, abhaya Adi anagAroM ne rAjagRha ke pArzvavartI vipula parvata para anazana para devapada prApta kiyA / varSA cAturmAsya bhagavAn ne rAjagRha meM kiyA / cAturmAsya samApta hote hI bhagavAn ne campA nagarI kI ora vihAra kara diyA / magadhapati zreNika ke dehAvasAna ke bAda koNika ne campA ko apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA thA, isa kAraNa magadha kA rAjakuTumba campA meM hI rahatA thA / bhagavAn bhI usI campA ke pUrNabhadra caitya meM Thahare / rAjA koNika ne bar3I sajadhaja ke sAtha bhagavAn kA svAgata kiyA / sampUrNa nagara rAjA kA anugAmI banakara bhagavAn ko vandana namaskAra karane ke lie gayA / bhagavAna ne koNika tathA nAgarikagaNa ke sAmane nirgrantha pravacana kA upadeza kiyA, jisase aneka bhavyAtmAoM ko jina-dharma para zraddhA utpanna huI aura aneka gRhasthoM ne muni-dharma aMgIkAra kiyA / munidharma aMgIkAra karanevAloM meM padma, mahApadma, bhadra, subhadra, padmabhadra, padmasena, padmagulma, nalinIgulma, Ananda aura nandana ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / ye sabhI magadhapati zreNika ke pautra the / inake pitA kramazaH kAla, sukAla, mahAkAla, kRSNa, sukRSNa, mahAkRSNa, vIrakRSNa, rAmakRSNa, pitRSeNakRSNa aura mahAsenakRSNa nAma ke zreNika ke putra the jo koNika ke SaDyaMtra meM zAmila hokara zreNika ko padacyuta karane meM sahAyaka bane the / isake atirikta jinapAlita Adi aneka samRddha nAgarikoM ne bhI bhagavAn ke pAsa nirgrantha zramaNadharma aMgIkAra kiyA aura pAlitAdi aneka gRhasthoM ne zrAddhadharma ko grahaNa kiyA / 26. chabbIsavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 487-486) campA se zramaNa bhagavAn videha bhUmi meM vicare / bIca meM kAkandI meM gAthApati kSemaka, dhutidhara Adi ko zramaNadharma meM dIkSita kiyA / isa sAla kA varSAvAsa bhagavAn ne mithilA meM kiyA / cAturmAsya ke anta meM bhagavAn ne aMgadeza kI tarapha vihAra kiyA / ina dinoM videha kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI raNabhUmi banI huI thI / eka ora magadhapati koNika aura usake kAla Adi

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124 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dasa sautele bhAI apane-apane dalabala ke sAtha vaizAlI para car3ha gaye the dUsarI ora vaizAlIpati ceTakarAja aura kAzi-kozala ke aThAraha gaNarAja apanIapanI senAe~ sajAkara bacAva ke liye taiyAra khar3e the / bar3e joroM se saMgrAma chir3A aura pratidina sainika aura pradhAna puruSoM kA kSaya hone lagA / koNika ne apane vimAtRka bhAI kAlakumAra ko apanA senApati niyukta kiyA / pahale hI dina rAjA ceTaka ke bANa se vaha mArA gayA / dUsare dhAve meM koNika ne sukAla nAmaka apane bhAI ko senAnAyaka banAyA aura vaha bhI yuddha meM kAma AyA / kramazaH koNika ke dasoM sautele bhAI mukhya senApati bana banakara raNa meM kAma A cuke the / phira bhI lar3AI bar3e joroM se cala rahI thI / isI samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra campA ke pUrNabhadra caitya meM padhAre / nAgarikajana bhagavAn ke darzana - vandanArtha gaye jinameM rAjakulIna striyoM kA samudAya bhI zAmila thA / rAjakulIna striyoM meM rAjA zreNika kI kAlI Adi vidhavA rAniyA~ bhI zAmila thIM, jinake putra vaizAlI kI lar3AI meM gaye hue the / bhagavAn ne sabhAjanoM ke samakSa dharmadezanA kI jise sunakara sabhA visarjita huI / taba avasara pAkara kAlI Adi rAjamAtAoM ne bhagavAn se pUchAbhagavan ! kAlakumAra Adi lar3AI meM gaye hue haiN| kyA ve sakuzala vApasa lauTeMge ? bhagavAn ne unheM vastusthiti se paricita karAyA aura unheM saMsAra kI asAratA aura saMyogoM kI viyogAntatA kA digdarzana karAyA, jisase pratibodha pAkara kAlI Adi dasa rAjamAtAoM ne bhagavAn ke pAsa zramaNadharma kI dIkSA le zramaNI - saMgha meM praveza kiyA / 27. sattAIsavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 486-485) kucha samaya taka campA meM Thaharakara bhagavAn vApasa mithilA kI tarapha For Private Personal Use Only

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125 tIrthaMkara-jIvana vihAra kara gaye / varSAvAsa mithilA meM vyatIta kiyA / mithilA meM cAturmAsya samApta kara bhagavAn ne vaizAlI ke nikaTa hokara zrAvastI kI tarapha vihAra kiyA / koNika ke bhAI vehAsa (halla), vehalla jinake nimitta vaizAlI meM yuddha ho rahA thA kisI taraha bhagavAn ke pAsa pahu~ce aura nirgrantha zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA lekara unake ziSya ho gaye / __bhagavAn vicarate hue zrAvastI pahu~ce aura zrAvastI ke IzAna koNasthita koSThaka caitya meM Thahare / gozAlaka prakaraNa una dinoM maMkhaliputra gozAlaka bhI zrAvastI meM thA / mahAvIra se judA hone ke bAda vaha adhikAMza zrAvastI kI tarapha hI ghUmatA thA / tejolezyA aura nimittazAstra kA abhyAsa gozAlaka ne zrAvastI meM hI kiyA thA aura apane ko 'tIrthaMkara' nAma se prakaTa karane kI bhAvanA bhI use zrAvastI meM jAgRta huI thI / zrAvastI meM do manuSya gozAlaka ke parama bhakta the / eka 'hAlAhalA' kumhArina aura dUsarA 'ayaMpula' nAmaka gAthApati / gozAlaka jaba kabhI zrAvastI meM AtA isI hAlAhalA kI bhANDazAlA meM ThaharatA / jaba bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dIkSA lie karIba do varSa hone Aye the taba gozAlaka unakA svayaMbhU ziSya banA thA, aura lagabhaga cha: varSa taka sAtha rahane ke bAda vaha unase pRthak ho gayA thA, jisa bAta ko bhI karIba aThAraha varSa pUre ho cuke the / gozAlaka ko zramaNa bane karIba caubIsa varSa ho cuke the / 24vA~ varSA cAturmAsya usane zrAvastI meM hAlAhalA kI bhANDazAlA meM hI kiyA thA / cAturmAsya samApta ho cukA thA phira bhI gozAlaka abhI zrAvastI meM hI ThaharA huA thA / jaba taka gozAlaka bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAtha rahA usameM capalatA aura kutUhalavRtti adhika rahI aura saba se adhika rahA mahAvIra viSayaka bhaktibhAva / kahIM kucha bhI prasaMga AtA aura gozAlaka apane dharmAcArya bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tapasteja kI stuti karane lagatA / yahI nahIM inake mukAbale meM

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126 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra anya zramaNa-nirgranthoM kA tiraskAra taka kara detA, para jisa samaya kI hama bAta kara rahe haiM usa samaya meM ye saba bAteM itihAsa bana cukI thIM / paga paga para mahAvIra ke tapasteja kI duhAI denevAlA gozAlaka aba AjIvaka mata kA dharmAcArya thA / vaha apane ko tIrthaMkara ke nAma se prakhyAta karatA huA AjIvaka mata kA pracAra kara rahA thA / isI avasara meM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra bhI vicarate hue zrAvastI ke IzAna koNasthita koSThaka caitya meM padhAre / Apake mukhya ziSya indrabhUti gautama ApakI AjJA le bhikSAcaryArtha zrAvastI meM gaye / bastI meM phirate hue gautama ne aneka sthAnoM para janapravAda sunA--'Ajakala zrAvastI meM do tIrthaMkara vicara rahe haiM-eka zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra aura dUsare maMkhali zramaNa gozAlaka / ' gautama ko isa bAta se bar3A Azcarya huA ki zrAvastI meM aneka loga gozAlaka ko tIrthaMkara aura sarvajJa pukAra rahe haiM / ve bhikSAbhramaNa se nivRtta hokara koSThakodyAna meM Aye aura sabhAke samakSa isa viSaya ko cher3ate hue bole-bhagavan ! Ajakala zrAvastI meM do tIrthaMkara hone kI carcA ho rahI hai, yaha kaise ? kyA gozAlaka sarvajJa aura tIrthaMkara hai ? indrabhUti gautama ke prazna kA uttara dete hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA--gautama ! gozAlaka ke viSaya meM jo bAteM ho rahI haiM ve saba mithyA haiM / gozAlaka jina, tIrthaMkara kahalAne ke yogya nahIM hai / vaha jina zabda kA durupayoga kara rahA hai / gautama ! gozAlaka jina yA sarvajJa kucha bhI nahIM hai / yaha zaravanagrAma ke bahula brAhmaNa kI gozAlA meM janma lene se gozAlaka aura maMkhali nAmaka maMkha kA putra hone se maMkhaliputra kahalAtA hai / yaha Aja se caubIsa varSa pahale hamArA dharmaziSya hokara hamAre sAtha rahatA thA parantu kucha varSoM ke bAda yaha hama se judA ho gayA aura taba se vaha svacchanda vicaratA hai, svacchanda hI bolatA hai / gautama ko uttara dete hue mahAvIra ne gozAlaka saMbandhI saba hAla sabhA ke sAmane prakaTa kara diyA / sunanevAle apane apane sthAnoM kI ora cala die / gozAlaka usa samaya koSThakodyAna aura zrAvastI ke madhya-pradeza meM nagara ke bAhara AtApanA kara rahA thA / usake pAsa se jAte hae nagaravAsiyoM meM

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tIrthaMkara - jIvana 127 gautama aura mahAvIra ke praznottaroM kI carcA ho rahI thI-- 'mahAvIra ke kathanAnusAra gozAlaka maMkhaliputra hai / vaha tIrthaMkara jina nahIM, chadmastha manuSya hai / ' ye zabda vahA~ khar3e gozAlaka ke kAnoM taka pahu~ce / vaha kupita hokara vahA~ se jaldI-jaldI zrAvastI kI tarapha calA aura apane nivAsa sthAna hAlAhalA kI bhANDazAlA meM jAkara apane ziSya samudAya ke sAtha maMtraNA karane baiThA / usa samaya mahAvIra ke ziSya Ananda nAmaka anaMgAra bhikSAcaryA ke lie ghUmate hue gozAlaka ke nivAsa sthAna ke Age hokara jA rahe the / gozAlaka dekhate hI unheM roka kara bolA- devAnupriya Ananda ! jarA Thahara aura eka bAta kahatA hU~, use suna / pUrva samaya kI bAta hai / eka nagara meM rahanevAle kucha vyApArI kirAne kI gAr3iyA~ bhara vyApAra ke lie paradeza cale / calate hue ve eka bhayaMkara jaMgala meM pahu~ce / vyApArI use lA~ghate hue Age bar3hate cale para kahIM bhI usa jaMgala kA anta AtA dikhAyI nahIM diyA / unake pAsa kA pAnI samApta ho cukA thA aura ve usa bhISaNa jaMgala meM pAnI kI khoja meM idhara-udhara ghUmane lage / ghUmate phirate ve eka hariyAlIvAle nimnapradeza meM pahu~ce / vahA~ jala to nahIM para jalArdra cAra bA~bI milIM / vyApAriyoM ne eka bA~bI ko khodA to usake nIce se svaccha jala nikalA / saba ne jala piyA aura apane apane baratanoM meM bhI bhara liyA / taba unameM se eka subuddhi vaNika ne kahA- aba caliye, apanA kAma ho gayA / para lobhI vaNika bole- pahale valmIka meM se jala nikalA hai to dUsare meM se suvarNa Adi kucha bahumUlya padArtha nikalegA yaha kahate hue unhoMne dUsarA valmIka tor3A aura usameM se sonA hI nikalA / lobhiyoM kA lobha bar3hA / ve bole - pahale meM se jala aura dUsare meM se sonA nikalA hai to tIsare meM se avazya hI maNiratna nikaleMge / subuddhi ne kahA-- atilobha ko chor3iye / sonA hAtha lagA hai ise lekara caleM, para lobhiyoM ne usakI eka na sunI aura tIsarA valmIka bhI tor3a DAlA aura sacamuca hI usameM se maNiratnoM kA khajAnA nikalA / lobhI vaNika bole- Aiye, aba isa AkhirI valmIka meM se hIre nikAla leM / subuddhi ne kahA-- atilobha For Private Personal Use Only

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128 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ko choDoge bhI ? yaha AkhirI valmIka hai, na mAlUma hIroM ke sthAna kahIM viSadhara sA~pa hI nikala par3e ! jo milA hai vahI bahuta hai / aba ati lobha karanA acchA nahIM / para lobhI vaNika usakI kaba sunanevAle the ! unhoMne cauthA valmIka bhI tor3a hI diyA aura usameM se jo dRSTiviSa sarpa nikalA usake dRSTipAta mAtra se ve saba jala kara khAka ho gaye / kevala vaha saMtoSI subuddhi vaNika, jo unakA hita-zikSaka thA, usa utpAta se bacane pAyA / Ananda ! ukta upamA tere dharmAcArya ko barAbara lAgU hotI hai / tere dharmAcArya zramaNa jJAtaputra ko Aja saMpUrNa lAbha mila cuke haiM, phira bhI unheM saMtoSa nahIM / mAnoM saMsAra meM ve Apa hI advitIya jina haiM, dUsarA koI bhI unake mukAbale meM ho hI nahIM sakatA / jahA~ tahA~ ve mere saMbaMdha meM kahate phirate haiM--'yaha gozAlaka hai, maMkhaliputra hai, merA ziSya hai, chadmastha hai / ' ThIka hai, Ananda ! aba tU jA aura apane guru ko sAvadhAna kara de / maiM AtA hU~ aura viparIta bhASI tere dharmAcArya kI una durbuddhi vaNikoM kI sI dazA hU~ / gozAlaka kA krodhapUrNa bhASaNa sunakara anagAra Ananda bhayabhIta ho gayA / vaha jaldI jaldI mahAvIra ke pAsa gayA aura gozAlaka kI saba bAteM kahakara bolA- bhagavan ! gozAlaka apane tapasteja se kisI ko jalAkara bhasma karane meM kyA samartha haiM ? kisI ko ekadama jalAkara khAka kara denA kyA gozAlaka kI zakti kA viSaya hai ? bhagavAn ne kahA-- - hA~, Ananda ! apane tapasteja se ekadama jalAkara bhasma kara dene meM gozAlaka samartha hai / vaisA karanA gozAlaka kI zakti kA viSaya hai / phira bhI yaha tejaH zakti tIrthaMkara ko jalA nahIM sakatI / Ananda ! jitanA tapobala gozAlaka meM hai usase anantagunA tapobala nirgrantha anagAroM meM hai para anagAra kSamAzIla hote haiM, ve apanI tapaH zakti kA upayoga nahIM karate / jo tapa:sAmarthya anagAroM meM hai usase anantagunA sAmarthya bhagavAn sthaviroM meM hai para sthavira kSamAvAn hote haiM, ve apane sAmarthya kA prayoga nahIM karate / aura jitanI tapolabdhi sthaviroM meM hai usase anantagunI adhika tapolabdhi bhagavAn arhantoM meM hotI hai para bhagavAn arhanta kSamAvAn hote haiM, ve apanI For Private Personal Use Only

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tIrthakara-jIvana 129 tapolabdhi kA upayoga nahIM karate / Ananda ! isa bAta kI sUcanA gautamAdi sthaviroM ko kara de aura unheM kaha de ki gozAlaka idhara A rahA hai / isa samaya vaha dveSa aura mlecchabhAva se paripUrNa hai / isaliye Akara vaha kucha bhI kahe, kucha bhI kare para tumheM usakA prativAda nahIM karanA cAhiye, yahA~ taka ki tumameM se koI bhI usake sAtha dhArmika carcA taka na kare / ___anagAra Ananda ne bhagavAn kA saMdeza gautama pramukha munimaNDala ko sunA diyA aura saba anagAra apane apane kAryoM meM pravRtta ho gaye / / anagAra Ananda ko Aye abhI adhika samaya nahIM huA thA ki gozAlaka bhI apane AjIvaka bhikSusaMgha ke sAtha mahAvIra ke pAsa pahu~cA aura unase thor3I dUrI para Thahara gayA / kSaNa bhara mauna rakhane ke bAda gozAlaka mahAvIra ko lakSya kara bolA-tumane khUba kahA kAzyapa ! maiM gozAlaka maMkhaliputra hU~ ? maiM tumhArA dharmaziSya hU~ ? kitanA andhera hai ? AyuSman ! tumheM patA bhI hai ki tumhArA ziSya vaha maMkhaliputra gozAlaka kabhI kA paraloka sidhAra cukA hai ! Arya kAzyapa ! maiM tumhArA ziSya maMkhali gauzAlaka nahIM para eka bhinna hI AtmA huuN| yadyapi maiMne parISahakSama gozAlaka kA zarIra dhAraNa kiyA hai phira bhI maiM gozAlaka nahIM, kintu gozAlaka-zarIrapraviSTa udAyI kuNDiyAyana nAmaka dharmapravartaka huuN| yaha merA sAtavA~ zarIrAntara-praveza hai| isa prakAra maiMne anyAnya zarIroM meM praveza kyoM kiyA ? yaha prazna ho sakatA hai aura isakA kAraNa apane dharmasiddhAnta ke anusAra samajhAU~gA / ____ Arya ! hamAre dharma meM jo mokSa gaye haiM, jAte haiM aura bhaviSya meM jAyeMge ve saba caurAsI lAkha mahAkalpoM ke uparAnta sAta divya sAMyUthika aura sAta saMnigarbhaka bhava karane ke bAda sAta zarIrAntara--praveza karake paiMsaTha lAkha sATha hajAra cha: sau tIna (6560603) karmAMzoM kA kSaya karake gaye haiM, jAte haiM aura jAyeMge / AyuSman ! hamAre mahAkalpa aura mAnasa Adi kyA haiM, so suniye / zramaNa -9

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130 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra hamArI zAstrIya paribhASA meM sAr3he cArasau yojana lambI, AdhAyojana caur3I aura pA~ca sau dhanuSya gaharI nadI kA nAma gaMgA hai / 7 gaMgA=1 mahAgaMgA / 7 mahAgaMgA=1 sAdIna gaMgA / 7 sAdIna gaMgA=1 mRtyu gaMgA / 7 mRtyu gaMgA=1 lohita gaMgA / 7 lohita gaMgA-1 AvatI gaMgA aura 7 AvatI gaMgA=1 paramAvatI gaMgA / isa prakAra eka se dUsarI kA sAta-sAta gunA pramANa mAnane se antima paramAvatI gaMgA kA pramANa eka lAkha satraha hajAra cha: sau unacAsa (117649) gaMgAoM ke barAbara huA / ina saba gaMgAoM ke bAlukApiNDa meM se pratizata varSa meM eka bAlukA kaNa ke nikAlane para jitane samaya meM saMpUrNa bAlukApiNDa nikala cuke utane kAla kA nAma hamAre zAstra meM sara:pramANa athavA mAnasasara kahalAtA hai / aise tIna lAkha 'saroM' athavA 'mAnasoM' kA eka 'mahAkalpa' aura caurAsI lAkha 'mahAkalpoM' kA eka 'mahAmAnasa' hotA hai / jaba jIva mokSAbhimukha hotA hai taba ananta saMyUtha (ananta jIva rAzi) meM se nikalakara pahale vaha mAnasa pramANa AyuSyavAle Upara ke saMyUtha meM (devaloka meM) utpanna hotA hai aura vahA~ divya sukha bhogane ke bAda pahalA manuSya janma prApta karatA hai / phira vaha mAnasapramANa AyuSyavAle madhyama deva saMyUtha meM jAtA hai aura vahA~ divya sukha bhogakara dUsarA manuSya bhava karatA hai / ___ isake bAda vaha mAnasa pramANa AyuSyavAle nIce ke devasaMyUtha meM devagati ko prApta hotA hai aura vahA~ se nikalakara tIsarA manuSya janma grahaNa karatA hai|

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana 131 ___ bAda meM vaha Upara ke mAnasottara deva saMyUtha meM mAnasottara arthAt mahAmAnasa pramANa AyuSyavAlA deva hokara phira cauthA bhava prApta karatA hai / vahA~ se madhya mAnasottara saMyUtha meM deva hotA hai aura phira pA~cavA~ manuSya janma pAtA hai| phira vaha usase nIce mAnasottara saMyUtha meM devapada prApta karatA hai aura vahA~ ke divya sukha bhogakara chaThIbAra manuSya janma dhAraNa karatA hai / chaThA manuSyabhava pUrA karake vaha dasa sAgaropama pramANa AyuSya sthitivAle brahmadevaloka meM sukumAradeva hotA hai aura vahA~ dasa sAgara samaya paryanta divya sukhoM kA upabhoga karake vaha sAtavA~ manuSya bhava grahaNa karatA hai| sAtaveM manuSya bhava meM vaha bAlyAvasthA meM hI pravrajyA grahaNa kara letA hai aura dharmArAdhana kara anta meM eka ke bAda dUsarA aise sAta zarIrAntara-praveza karatA hai aura una zarIroM meM kramaza: bAIsa, ikkIsa, bIsa, unnIsa, aThAraha, satraha aura solaha varSa taka rahatA hai / / isa prakAra sAta zarIrAntara-praveza karake eka sau teMtIsa varSa taka unameM rahane ke bAda vaha pavitra AtmA sarva karmoM kA nAza karake duHkhoM se mukta ho jAtA hai| kAzyapa ! uparyukta siddhAnta ke anusAra maiMne sAta divya sAMyUthika aura sAta manuSya bhava kara liye haiM aura sAtaveM manuSya bhava meM sAta zarIrAntarapraveza bhI kara cukA hU~, jinakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai 1. sAtaveM manuSya bhava meM maiM udAyI kuMDiyAyana thA / rAjagRha nagara ke bAhara maMDitakukSi-caitya meM udAyI kuMDiyAyana kA zarIra chor3a kara maiMne aiNeyaka ke zarIra meM praveza kiyA aura bAIsa varSa taka usameM rahA / 2. udaMDapura nagara ke candrAvataraNa caitya meM aiNeyaka kA zarIra chor3A aura mallarAma ke zarIra meM praveza kara ikkIsa varSa usameM rahA / 3. campAnagarI ke aMgamaMdira caitya meM mallarAma kA zarIra chor3a kara

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132 mAlyamaMDita ke zarIra meM praveza kiyA aura bIsa varSa usameM rahA / 4. vArANasI nagarI ke kAma mahAvana meM mAlyamaMDita kA zarIra chor3a kara roha ke zarIra meM praveza kiyA aura unnIsa varSa usameM rahA / zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra 5. AlabhikA nagarI ke pattakAlaya caitya meM roha ke zarIra se nikala kara bhAradvAja ke zarIra meM praveza kiyA aura aThAraha varSa vahA~ rahA / 6. vaizAlI nagarI ke koNDiyAyana caitya meM gautamaputra arjuna ke zarIra meM praveza kara satraha varSa usameM rahA / 7. zrAvastI meM hAlAhalA kI bhANDazAlA meM arjuna ke zarIra se nikala sthira, dRr3ha tathA kaSTakSama isa gozAlaka ke zarIra meM praveza kiyA hai / isa zarIra meM solaha varSa taka rahane ke uparAnta sarva duHkhoM kA anta karake mukta ho jAU~gA / Arya kAzyapa ! aba tuma jAna gaye hoge ki maiM kauna hU~ / tuma mujhe gozAlaka ke nAma se pukArate ho para maiM vAstava meM gozAlaka nahIM, gozAlaka zarIradhArI udAyI kuNDiyAyana hU~ / gozAlaka kA ukta Atmagopaka bhASaNa sunane ke bAda mahAvIra ne kahA-- gozAlaka ! jaise koI cora eka Adha Una ke reze se, sana ke reze se athavA ruI ke pahale se apane ko Dhaka kara mAna le ki maiM Dhaka gayA vaise hI tU dUsarA na hote hue bhI 'dUsarA hU~' kaha kara apane ko chipAnA cAhatA hai / mahAnubhAva, isa prakAra apanI AtmA ko chipAne kA vyartha prayatna na kara ! tU vahI maMkhaliputra gozAlaka hai jo merA ziSya hokara rahA thA / mahAnubhAva ! tujhe isa prakAra Atmagopana karanA ucita nahIM hai / mahAvIra ke ina satya vacanoM se atikruddha hokara tuccha aura kaThora vacanoM kI bauchAra karatA huA gozAlaka bolA- dhRSTa kAzyapa ! aba terA vinAzakAla A pahu~cA hai / aba tU bhraSTa hone kI taiyArI meM hai / aba samajha le ki tU isa dUniyA meM thA hI nahIM / merI tarapha se tujhe sukha nahIM hai, kAzyapa / For Private Personal Use Only

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tIrthakara-jIvana 133 gozAlaka ke ye apamAnajanaka vacana mahAvIra ke vinIta aura bhadra ziSya sarvAnubhUti anagAra se na sahe gaye / ve uTha kara gozAlaka ke pAsa jAkara bole--mahAnubhAva gozAlaka ! yadi koI vyakti kisI pavitra sAdhu mahAtmA se eka bhI dhArmika vacana sunatA hai to vaha unheM vandana namaskAra karatA hai aura tumako to ina bhagavAn ne hI dIkSA dI aura bhagavAn ne hI yogya zikSA tathA zrutajJAna diyA hai phira inake Upara tuma aisA mlecchabhAva rakhate ho ! mahAnubhAva ! aisA na karo, aisA karanA tumheM ucita nahIM hai / sarvAnubhUti kI isa hitazikSA ne gozAlaka kI krodhAgri meM ghRtAhuti kA kAma kiyA / zAnta hone ke badale usakA krodha aura bhI bar3ha gayA / usane apanI tejolezyA ko ekatra karake sarvAnubhUti anagAra para chor3a diyA / tejolezyA kI pracaNDa jvAlAoM se muni kA zarIra jala kara bhasma ho gayA aura unakI AtmA sahasrAra devaloka meM devapada ko prApta huI / gozAlaka phira mahAvIra ko dhikkArane lagA / yaha dekha kauzalika sunakSatra anagAra kI sahiSNutA TUTa gaI / apane paramaguru ke apamAna se uttejita hokara ve uThe aura sarvAnubhUti kI hI taraha gozAlaka ko hitavacana kahane lage / gozAlaka ne inake Upara bhI tejolezyA chor3I aura sunakSatra usase ghAyala hokara gira pdd'e| ve apane dharmAcArya zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ko vandana kara apane satIrthya sAdhu sAdhviyoM ke sAtha kSamApana karate hue prANamukta hokara acyuta devaloka meM devapada ko prApta hue / niraparAdha do maniyoM ke balidAna se bhI gozAlaka kI krodhajvAlA zAnta nahIM huii| vaha krodhAveza meM anargala baka rahA thA / yaha dekhakara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA---gozAlaka ! eka akSara denevAlA bhI vidyAguru kahalAtA hai, eka bhI Aryadharma kA vacana sunAnevAlA dharmaguru mAnA jAtA hai / maiMne to tujhe dIkSita aura zikSita kiyA hai, maiMne hI tujhe par3hAyA aura mere hI sAtha terA yaha baratAva ! gozAlaka, tU anucita kara rahA hai / mahAnubhAva ! tujhe aisA karanA ucita nahIM / mahAvIra ke hitavacanoM kA bhI viparIta pariNAma huA / zAnta hone

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134 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sthAna para gozAlaka adhika uttejita ho gayA / vaha apane sthAna se sAta ATha kadama pIche haTA aura teja:samudghAta karane lagA / usane kSaNa bhara meM apanI tejaHzakti ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ke Upara chor3a diyA / usakA aTala vizvAsa thA ki isa prayoga se vaha apane pratipakSa kA anta kara degA, para usakI dhAraNA niSphala siddha huI / pahAr3a se TakarAtI huI havA kI taraha gozAlaka-nisRSTa tejolezyA mahAvIra se TakarAkara cakkara kATatI huI U~cI car3hakara vApasa gozAlaka ke zarIra meM ghusa gii| tejojvAlA ke zarIra meM ghusate hI jalatA aura Akula hotA huA gozAlaka bolA-AyuSman kAzyapa ! mere tapasteja se terA zarIra vyApta ho gayA hai / aba tU pitta aura dAha jvara se pIr3ita hokara cha: mahInoM ke bhItara chadmastha dazA meM hI mRtyu ko prApta ho jAyagA / __ zramaNa bhagavAn ne kahA-gozAlaka tere tapasteja se merA nahIM, terA khuda kA hI zarIra dagdha ho gayA hai / maiM to abhI solaha varSa, taka isa bhUmaMDala para sukhapUrvaka vicarU~gA aura tU svayaM hI pittajvara kI pIr3A se sAta dina ke bhItara chadmasthAvasthA meM mRtyu ko prApta hogA / gozAlaka tU ne burA kiyA / devAnupriya ! isa kArya kA tujhe pazcAttApa karanA par3egA / __mahAvIra aura gozAlaka ke isa vivAda ke samAcAra udyAna se nagara taka pahu~ca gaye / loga kahane lage-Aja koSThakodyAna meM do jinoM ke bIca vAda ho rahA hai / eka kahatA hai tU pahale maregA aura dUsarA kahatA hai tU / bhalA inameM satyavAdI kauna hogA aura mithyAvAdI kauna ? isa para samajhadAra manuSya kahate ki isameM saMzaya kI bAta kyA hai ? bhagavAn mahAvIra hI tIrthaMkara aura sarvajJa haiM aura ve hI satyavAdI haiM / gozAlaka jina nahIM pAkhaNDI hai aura vahI mithyAvAdI hai / zrAvastI ke pratyeka cauka aura muhalle meM ye bAteM ho rahI thiiN| aba gozAlaka kI tejolezyA kSINa ho cukI thI / vaha nirviSa nAga kI taraha nisteja hAlata meM mahAvIra ke sAmane khar3A thA / isa samaya apane anagAra ziSyoM ko saMbodhana karate hue bhagavAn ne kahA-AyuSman zramaNo ! agni se jalI huI ghAsa jisa taraha nisteja ho jAtI hai usI taraha gozAlaka

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tIrthakara-jIvana 135 aba tejolezyA se hIna ho gayA hai / aba isake sAtha tuma kucha bhI praznottara karake ise parAjita kara sakate ho / aba isake sAtha dhArmika vivAda karane meM tumheM koI bhaya nahIM / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI AjJA pAte hI nirgrantha zramaNa gozAlaka ke pAsa jAkara usase dhArmika praznottara karane lage para gozAlaka isa carcA meM apanA pakSa-samarthana nahIM kara sakA / apane dharmAcArya kI isa kamajorI ko dekhakara usake kitane hI ziSyoM ne AjIvaka saMpradAya kA tyAga kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa nirgrantha pravacana ko svIkAra kiyA / isa ghaTanA se gozAlaka ke dhairya kA anta ho gayA / usane apanI bhayakAtara dRSTi cAroM ora pheMkI aura 'hAya marA' isa prakAra kI karuNa cIkha ke bAda vahA~ se lauTa kara vaha apane sthAna gayA / gozAlaka kI avasthA baDI dayanIya ho rahI thii| apanI tejolezyA ke praveza se usake zarIra meM asahya pIr3A ho rahI thI jise zAnta karane ke liye gozAlaka vividha upAya kara rahA thA / eka Ama kI guThalI apane hAtha meM lekara use bAra bAra cUsatA, Antara vedanA ko dabAne ke liye bArabAra madirA pAna karatA, zArIrika tApa zAnta karane ke liye apane zarIra para miTTI milA jala sIMcatA, kSaNa-kSaNa meM unmAdavaza ho nAcatA gAtA aura hAlAhalA ko namaskAra karatA huA vaha bar3e kaSTa se samaya vyatIta karane lgaa| usa samaya zrAvastI nivAsI AjIvakopAsaka ayaMpula gAthApati ko 'hallA' vanaspati ke saMsthAna ke viSaya meM zaMkA utpanna huI ki 'hallA' kA AkAra kaisA hotA hogA / yaha tarka usake hRdaya meM pichalI rAta ko uThA aura prabhAta samaya apane dharmAcArya se isakA khulAsA pUchane ke vicAra se vaha hAlAhalA kI bhANDazAlA meM gayA, para gozAlaka kI tatkAlIna unmatta dazA ko dekhate hI lajjita hokara vaha pIche haTA / AjIvaka bhikSu ayaMpula kA manobhAva tAr3a gaye / unhoMne turaMta use apane pAsa bulAyA aura bAtacIta meM Agamana kA kAraNa jAna liyA /

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136 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra gozAlaka ke tatkAlIna AcaraNoM kA bacAva karate hue bhikSuoM ne use kahA-ayaMpula ! apane dharmAcArya ko tumane jisa sthiti meM dekhA hai usake saMbaMdha meM unakA yaha kahanA hai ki ye ATha bAteM antima tIrthaMkara ke samaya meM avazyaMbhAvI hotI haiM, jaise--1. carama pAna, 2. carama gAna, 3. carama nRtya, 4. carama aJjali-karma (namaskAra) 5. carama puSkara saMvartaka mahAmegha, 6. carama secanaka gandhahastI, 7. carama mahAzilA kaMTaka saMgrAma aura 8. carama 'maiM tIrthaMkara' / ye AThoM hI vastu carama (antima) haiM, isa avasarpiNI kAla meM ye phira honevAlI nahIM / Arya ayaMpula, jala ke viSaya meM bhagavAn kA kathana yaha hai ki bhikSu ke kAma meM Ane yogya cAra to peya jala hote haiM aura cAra apeya / peya jala ye haiM--1. gopRSThaja, 2. hastamardita, 3. Atapatapta aura 4. zilAprabhraSTa / 1. gau ke pITha kA sparza karake girA huA jala 'gopRSThaja / ' 2. miTTI Adi padArthoM se lipta hAthoM se bilor3A huA jala 'harSamardita / ' 3. sUrya aura agni ke tApa se tapA huA jala 'Atapatapta', aura 4. patthara, zilA ke Upara se jora se girA huA jala 'zilAprabhraSTa' kahalAtA hai / piye nA jA sakeM para kisI aMza meM jala kA kAma deM vaise cAra apeya jala isa prakAra kahe haiM--1. sthAla jala, 2. tvacA jala, 3. phalI jala aura 4. zuddha jala | 1. jala se bhIgI khasa kI TaTTI aura jalAI ghaTa vagairaha padArtha jinakA zItala sparza dAha kI zAnti karatA hai "sthAla jala" kahalAtA hai / 2. kacce Ama, bera vagairaha jinako cUsakara zItalatA prApta kI jAtI hai "tvacA jala" kahalAtA hai / 3. mUMga, ur3ada, vagairaha kI kaccI phalI ko mukha meM cabAkara jo

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137 tIrthaMkara-jIvana zItalatA prApta kI jAtI hai usako "phalI jala" kahate haiM / 4. koI manuSya cha: mAsa taka zuddha khAdya vastu kA sevana kare / isa bIca do mAsa jamIna para, do mAsa kATha para aura do mAsa kuza kI pathArI para sove taba chaThe mahIne kI AkhirI rAta meM pUrNabhadra aura mANibhadra nAmaka do mahaddhika deva vahA~ prakaTa hote haiM aura apane jala bhIge zItala hAtha se sAdhaka ke zarIra ko chUte haiM / yadi isa sparza-sukha se khuza hokara sAdhaka anumodana karatA hai to use AzIviSa labdhi prApta hotI hai arthAt usakI dAr3ha meM sA~pa ke viSa se bhI adhika ugra viSa prakaTa hotA hai aura jo una sparzaka devoM kA anumodana nahIM karatA usake zarIra meM agnikAya kI utpatti hotI hai / usa agni se apane zarIra ko jalakara vaha usI bhava meM saba duHkhoM kA anta karake saMsAra se mukta ho jAtA hai / ukta deva ke jala bhIge hAtha kA zItala sparza hI 'zuddha jala' kahalAtA hai / / ayaMpula ! apane dharmAcArya ne uparyukta ATha caramoM, cAra peya jaloM aura cAra apeya jaloM kI prarUpaNA kI hai / isa vAste ve jo nAca, gAna, pAna, aJjalikarma aura zarIra para mRttikA-jala sIMcate haiM vaha saba ThIka hai / ye kArya antima tIrthaMkara ke avazya karttavya haiM / inameM kucha bhI anucita nahIM / Arya ayaMpula ! khuzI se apane dharmAcArya ke pAsa jAiye aura prazna pUchakara apanI zaMkA kI nivRtti kIjie / AjIvaka bhikSuoM ne ayaMpula ke mana kA samAdhAna kara use gozAlaka kI tarapha bhejA aura usake vahA~ pahu~cane ke pahale hI dUsare rAste se andara jAkara gozAlaka ko unhoMne sAvadhAna rahane aura amuka prazna kA uttara dene kA izArA kara diyA / ayaMpula gozAlaka ke pAsa aMdara gayA aura tIna pradakSiNApUrvaka vandana namaskAra karake ucita sthAna para baiTha gayA / vaha abhI prazna pUchane hI nahIM pAyA thA ki gozAlaka ne usakI zaMkA ko prakaTa karate hue kahAayaMpula ! Aja pichalI rAta ko kuTumba-cintA karate hue tujhe hallA ke saMsthAna ke viSaya meM zaMkA utpanna huI aura usakA samAdhAna karane ke liye tU yahA~

Page #195
zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra AyA / kyoM yaha ThIka hai ? __ ayaMpula ne hAtha jor3a kara kahA---jI hA~, mere abhI yahA~ Ane kA yahI prayojana hai| "parantu yaha Ama kI guThalI nahIM usakI chAla hai...kyA kahA--hallA kA saMsthAna kaisA hotA hai ? hallA kA saMsthAna bA~sa ke mUla jaisA hotA h| ...bIna bajA are vIrakA ! bIna bajA / ' madirA ke naze aura dAhajvara kI pIr3A se vikala gozAlaka ayaMpula ko uttara detA huA asaMbaddha pralApa kara rahA thA to bhI zraddhAlu ayaMpula para usakA kucha bhI viparIta prabhAva nahIM huA / vaha apane dharmAcArya ke uttara se saMtuSTa hokara tathA anya bhI katipaya prazna pUcha kara unake uttaroM se Anandita hokara apane ghara gayA / gozAlaka kI zakti pratikSaNa kSINa ho rahI thI isase, aura 'tU svayaM pittajvara kI pIr3A se sAta dina ke bhItara chadmasthAvasthA meM mRtyu ko prApta hogA' isa mahAvIra kI bhaviSyavANI ke smaraNa se, gozAlaka ko nizcaya ho gayA ki aba usakI jIvana-lIlA samApta hone ko hai| usane apane ziSyoM ko pAsa bulAkara kahA-bhikSuo ! mere prANa-tyAga ke bAda mere isa zarIra ko sugaMdhita jala se nahalAnA, sugandhita kASAyavastra se poMchanA aura gozIrSa candana ke rasa se vilepana karanA / phira ise zveta vastra se Dhakakara hajAra puruSoM se uThAne yogya pAlakI meM rakhakara zrAvastI ke mukhya mukhya saba cauka bAjAroM meM phirAnA aura U~ce svara se udghoSita karanA ki 'isa avasarpiNI kAla ke antima jina karma khapAkara mukta ho gaye / gozAlaka kI ukta AjJA ko AjIvaka sthaviroM ne vinaya ke sAtha sira para car3hAyA 1 gozAlaka kI bImArI kA sAtavA~ dina thA / usakA zarIra kAphI kamajora ho gayA thA para vicArazakti tabataka lupta nahIM huI thI / vaha sotA thA para usake hRdaya meM jIvana ke bhale bure prasaMgoM kI smRti cakkara kATa rahI thI / apanA maMkhajIvana, mahAvIra ke pIche par3a kara unakA ziSya honA, kaI

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tIrthaMkara - jIvana 139 bAra usake prati batAyA huA dayAbhAva ityAdi bAteM usake hRdaya meM tAjI ho rahI thIM / sAtha hI apane mukha se kI gaI mahAvIra kI burAiyA~, krodhavaza ho kI huI sarvAnubhUti aura sunakSatra muni kI hatyA aura mahAvIra para tejolezyA chor3anA ityAdi kRtaghnatAsUcaka pravRttiyA~ bhI smRtipaTa para tAjI hokara usake citta ko Akula kara rahI thiiN| pahale kevala zarIra meM hI jalana thI para aba to usakA mana bI pazcAttApa kI Aga meM jalane lagA / kSaNa bhara usane nIrava aura nizceSTa hokara hRdayamanthana kiyA, phira apane ziSyoM ko pAsa bulAkara kahA - bhikSuo ! maiM tumheM eka kArya kI sUcanA karanA cAhatA hU~, kyA tuma usa para amala karoge ? sthavira - avazya, ApakI bAtoM para amala karanA hamArA sarvaprathama kartavya hai / gozAlaka - tuma AjJAkArI ho ! merI AjJA mAnane meM tumane kabhI AnAkAnI nahIM kI, phira bhI mere vizvAsa ke lie zapathapUrvaka kaho ki merA kahanA saphala hogA / sthavira- hama zapatha - baddha hokara kahate haiM ki ApakI AjJA kA akSarazaH pAlana kareMge / I 1 gozAlaka -- bhikSuo ! maiM bar3A pApI hU~ / maiMne tumheM ThagA hai / maiMne saMsAra ko bhI ThagA hai / maiM jina na hote hue bhI jina aura sarvajJa ke nAma se pUjAtA rahA hU~, yaha merA daMbha thA / maiM zramaNaghAtaka tathA apane dharmAcArya kI apakIrti karanevAlA hU~ / aba maiM mRtyu ke samIpa hU~ aura kSaNoM meM mara jAU~gA / aba mere marane ke bAda tumhArA jo kartavya hai use suno- jaba maiM mara jAU~ to mere zaba ke bA~e~ pA~va meM muMja kI rassI bA~dhakara mukha meM tIna bAra thUkanA, phira use khIMcate hue zrAvastI ke saba cauka bAz2AroM meM phirAnA aura sAtha-sAtha ucca svara se udghoSita karanA - 'yaha maMkhali gozAlaka mara gayA ! jina na hone para bhI jina hone kA DhoMga karanevAlA, zramaNaghAtaka, gurudrohI gozAlaka mara gayA / ' bhikSuo ! yahI merA antima Adeza hai jisake pAlana ke liye tuma For Private Personal Use Only

Page #197
140 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra zapathabaddha hue ho isakA pAlana karanA / merI AtmazAnti ke liye isa para amala karanA / pazcAttApa kI Aga meM azubha karmoM ko jalAkara gozAlaka zuddha ho gayA / samyaktva kI prApti ke sAtha deha chor3akara vaha acyuta devaloka meM devapada ko prApta haA / AjIvaka sthaviroM ke liye gozAlaka ke maraNa se bhI usake antima Adeza kA pAlana karanA adhika duHkhadAyaka thA / isake pAlana meM gozAlaka ke sAtha unakA apanA apamAna thA para zapathabaddha hone ke kAraNa ve isa bAta kA anAdara bhI nahIM kara sakate the / khUba soca vicAra ke bAda unhoMne zapatha - - mokSa kA upAya khoja nikAlA / turaMta hAlAhalA kI bhANDazAlA kA dvAra banda kiyA aura cauka ke madhya meM zrAvastI kI eka vistRta nakaze ke rUpa meM racanA kI / bAda meM gozAlaka ke AdezAnusAra usake zava ko usa kalpita zrAvastI meM sarvatra phirAyA aura atimanda svara se usa prakAra kI udghoSaNA bhI kara dI / isa prakAra AjIvaka sthaviroM ne apane dharmAcArya ke Adeza ke pAlana kA nATaka khelA phira zava ko nahalAkara candana - vilepanapUrvaka ujjvala vastra se Dhakakara pAlakI meM rakhA aura sArI zrAvastI meM phirAkara usakA ucita saMskAra kiyA / gozAlaka ke dehAnta ke bAda bhagavAn mahAvIra zrAvastI ke koSThaka caitya se vihAra kara phirate hue meMDhika gA~va ke bAhara sAlakoSThaka caitya meM padhAre / bhagavAn kA Agamana sunakara zraddhAlu jana vandana aura dharmazravaNa ke liye sammilita hue / bhagavAn ne dharmadezanA dI jise sunakara sabhA visarjita huI / zramaNa bhagavAn kI bImArI maMkhali gozAlaka ne zrAvastI ke udyAna meM bhagavAn para jo tejolezyA chor3I thI usase yadyapi tAtkAlika hAni nahIM huI thI, para usakI pracaNDa 1. bhagavatIsUtra, zataka 15 vA~ patra 659 se 695 / For Private Personal Use Only

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nIrthaMkara-jIvana 141 jvAlAe~ apanA thor3A sA prabhAva una para kara hI gaI / usake tApa se Apake zarIra meM pittajvara ho gayA thA / jisa samaya Apa meMDhika meM birAjate the, gozAlaka-ghaTanA ko cha: mahIne hone Aye the / tabataka pittajvara aura khUna ke dastoM se mahAvIra kA zarIra kAphI zithila aura kRza ho gayA thA / bhagavAn kI yaha dazA dekhakara vahA~ se vApasa jAte hue nagaravAsI Apasa meM bAteM kara rahe the-'bhagavAn kA zarIra kSINa ho rahA hai, kahIM gozAlaka kI bhaviSyavANI satya na ho jAya ?' sAlakoSThaka caitya ke pAsa mAlukAkaccha meM dhyAna karate hue bhagavAn ke ziSya 'siMha' anagAra ne ukta loka-carcA sunI / chaTTha-cha? tapa aura dhUpa meM AtApanA karanevAle mahAtapasvI siMha anagAra kA dhyAna TUTa gayA / ve socane lage-bhagavAn ko karIba cha: mahIne hue pittajvara huA hai / sAtha meM khUna ke dasta bhI ho rahe haiM / zarIra bilakula kRza ho gayA hai / kyA sacamuca hI gozAlaka kA bhaviSya-kathana satya hogA ? yadi aisA hI huA to mere dharmopadezaka dharmAcArya zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke saMbaMdha meM saMsAra kyA kahegA ? ityAdi vicAra karate karate unakA dila hila gayA / unhoMne tapobhUmi se prasthAna kiyA aura kaccha ke madhya bhAga meM Ate-Ate ro par3e, vahIM khar3e-khar3e ve phUTa-phUTakara rone lage / ___ bhagavAn ne anagAra siMha kA ronA aura usakA kAraNa jAna liyA / apane ziSyoM ko saMbodhana karate hue mahAvIra ne kahA-Aryo ! sunate ho / merA ziSya siMha mere roga kI cintA se mAlukAkaccha meM ro rahA hai ! zramaNo ! tuma jAo aura anagAra siMha ko mere pAsa bulA lAo / bhagavAn kA Adeza pAte hI zramaNa nirgranthoM ne siMha ke pAsa jAkara kahA-calo siMha ! tumheM dharmAcArya bulAte haiM / zramaNoM ke sAtha siMha sAlakoSThaka caitya kI tarapha cale aura Akara bhagavAn ko tripradakSiNApUrvaka vandana- namaskAra kara hAtha jor3akara unake sAmane khar3e hue / siMha ke mAnasika duHkha kA kAraNa prakaTa karate hue bhagavAn bole

Page #199
142 vatsa siMha ! mere aniSTa bhAvI kI cintA se tU ro par3A / siMha - bhagavan ! bahuta samaya se ApakI tabIyata acchI nahIM rahatI isase aura gozAlaka kI bAta ke smaraNa se merA citta ucaTa gayA / zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra mahAvIra -- vatsa ! isa viSaya meM tumheM kucha bhI cintA nahIM karanI cAhiye / maiM abhI sAr3he paMdraha varSa taka sukhapUrvaka isa bhUmaNDala para vicarU~gA / siMha - bhagavan ! ApakA vacana satya ho / hama yahI cAhate haiM, parantu bhagavan ! ApakA zarIra pratidina kSINa hotA jAtA hai yaha bar3e duHkha kI bAta hai / kyA isa bImArI ko haTAne kA koI upAya nahIM ? mahAvIra -- Arya ! terI yahI icchA hai to tU meMDhiya gA~va meM revatI gAthApatinI ke yahA~ jA / usake ghara kumhar3e aura bIjore se banI huI do oSadhiyA~ taiyAra haiM / inameM pahalI jo hamAre liye banAI gaI hai, usakI jarUrata nahIM / dUsarI jo revatI ne anya prayojanavaza banAI hai vaha isa roga-nivRtti ke liye upayukta hai, use le A / bhagavAn kI AjJA pAkara siMha bahuta prasanna hue / bhagavAn ko vandana kara ve meMDhika grAma meM revatI ke ghara pahu~ce / muni ko Ate dekha kara revatI sAta ATha kadama Age gaI aura savinaya vandana kara bolI- pUjya ! kisa nimitta AnA huA ? kahiye, kyA AjJA hai ? siMha ne kahA -- gAthApatinI ! tumhAre yahA~ jo do oSadhiyA~ haiM, jinameM eka bhagavAn mahAvIra ke liye banAI hai usakI AvazyakatA nahIM / jo tumane anya uddeza se bIjore se oSadhi taiyAra kI hai usakI AvazyakatA hai / usake liye maiM AyA hU~ / Azcaryacakita hokara revatI bolI--muni ! tumheM kisa jJAnI yA tapasvI ne mere isa gupta kArya kA bheda kahA ? mere yahA~ amuka oSadhiyA~ haiM aura ve amuka amuka uddeza se banAI gaI haiM yaha rahasya tumane kisake kahane se jAnA ? For Private Personal Use Only

Page #200
tIrthaMkara-jIvana 143 siMha ne uttara diyA-zrAvike ! yaha rahasya maiM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kahane se jAnatA hU~ / bhagavAn ne hI isake liye mujhe yahA~ bhejA hai / anagAra siMha kI bAta se revatI ko bar3I prasannatA huI / vaha apane rasoIghara meM gaI aura bIjorA-pAka lAkara muni ke pAtra meM rakha diyA / isa zubha dAna aura zubha bhAva se revatI kA manuSya-janma saphala ho gayA / usane zubhAdhyavasAya se devagati kA AyuSya bA~dhA / revatI ke ghara se lAye hue auSadhamizra AhAra ke sevana se bhagavAn ke pittajvara aura raktAtIsAra kI pIr3A banda ho gii| dhIre-dhIre unakA zarIra pahale kI taraha tejasvI hokara camakane lagA / bhagavAn kI roga-nivRtti se sabako Ananda huA / sAdhu sAdhviyA~ aura zrAvaka zrAvikAe~ hI nahIM, svarga ke deva taka bhagavAn kI nIrogatA se parama saMtuSTa hue / bhagavAn kI AjJA ke binA svataMtra hokara vicaratA huA jamAli eka samaya zrAvastI gayA aura tindukodyAna meM ThaharA / jamAli kA matabheda usa samaya jamAli pittajvara se pIr3ita thA / sAdhu usake liye pathArI bichA rahe the / jamAli ne pUchA-saMthArA ho gayA ? sAdhuoM ne kahA-ho gayA / isa para jamAli sone ke liye uThA, para saMthArA abhI taka pUrA nahIM huA thA / nirbalatA ke kAraNa jamAli ko khar3A rahanA kaThina ho gayA thA / usane jhuMjhalA kara kahA--'karemANe kaDe (kiyA jAne lagA so kiyA) aisA siddhAnta hai, para maiM dekha rahA hU~ ki 'karemANe kaDe' kA koI matalaba nahIM / koI bhI kArya jaba pUrA ho jAtA hai, tabhI kArya-sAdhaka ho sakatA hai ataH usI avasthA meM 'kaDe' (kiyA) kahanA cAhiye / jamAli kA yaha tarka kaI sAdhuoM ne ThIka samajhA / taba kaI sthaviroM ne isakA virodha bhI kiyA / unhoMne kahA- bhagavAn mahAvIra kA 'karemANe 1. bha0 za0 15, pa0 685.87 /

Page #201
144 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kaDe' yaha kathana nizcayanaya kI apekSA se satya hai / nizcayanaya kriyAkAla aura niSThAkAla ko abhinna mAnatA hai / isake mata se koI bhI kriyA apane samaya meM kucha bhI kArya karake hI nivRtta hotI hai / tAtparya isakA yaha hai ki yadi kriyAkAla meM kArya na hogA to usakI nivRtti ke bAda vaha kisa kAraNa se hogA ? isalie nizcayan2aya kA yaha siddhAnta tarkasaMgata hai aura isI nizcayAtmaka naya ko lakSya meM rakhakara bhagavAn kA 'karemANe kaDe' yaha kathana huA hai jo tArkika dRSTi se bilakula ThIka hai / dUsarI bhI aneka yuktiyoM se sthaviroM ne jamAli ko samajhAyA para vaha apane haTha para ar3A rahA / pariNAmasvarUpa bahutere samajhadAra sthavira zramaNa usako chor3akara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa cale Ae / svastha hone para jamAli ne zrAvastI se vihAra kara diyA, para usane jo nayA tarka sthApita kiyA thA usakI carcA hara jagaha karatA rahatA / eka samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra campA nagarI ke pUrNabhadra caitya meM Thahare hue the / jamAli bhagavAn ke nivAsa sthAna para AyA aura unase kucha dUra khar3A hokara bolA- devAnupriya ! Apake bahutere ziSya jisa prakAra chadmastha-vihAra se vicare haiM vaisA Apa mere saMbaMdha meM na samajheM / maiM kevalI - vihAra se vicarA hU~ / jamAli kA ukta AtmazlAghAtmaka bhASaNa sunakara mahAvIra ke jyeSTha ziSya indrabhUti use saMbodhana kara bole- jamAli ! kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana ko tUne kyA samajha rakkhA hai ? kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana vaha jyoti hai jo loka aura aloka taka apanA prakAza phailAtI hai, jisakA sarvavyApaka prakAza nadI, samudra aura gaganabhedI parvatamAlAoM se bhI skhalita nahIM hotA, jisa prakAza ke Age andherI guphAyeM aura tamas kSetra bhI karAmalakavat prakAzita hote haiM / mahAnubhAva jamAli ! jisameM isa divya jyoti kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai vaha AtmA chipI nahIM rahatI / tU kevalI hai yA nahIM isa saMbaMdha meM adhika carcA karanA nirarthaka samajhatA hU~ / sirpha do prazna pUchatA hU~ inakA uttara de - (1) loka zAzvata hai yA azAzvata ? aura (2) jIva zAzvata hai yA azAzvata ? For Private Personal Use Only

Page #202
tIrthaMkara-jIvana 145 indrabhUti gautama ke ukta praznoM kA jamAli ne kucha bhI uttara nahIM diyA / isa para bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-jamAli ! mere bahutere aise ziSya haiM jo chadmastha hote hue bhI ina praznoM ke yathArtha uttara dene meM samartha haiM, tathApi ve kevalI hone kA dAvA nahIM karate / devAnupriya ! kevalajJAna koI aisI vastu nahIM hai ki jisakA astitva batAne ke liye kevalI ko apane mukha se ghoSaNA karanI par3e / jamAli ! loka 'zAzvata' hai, kyoMki yaha anantakAla pahale bhI thA, aba hai aura bhaviSya meM sadAkAla rahegA / anya apekSA se loka 'azAzvata' bhI hai / kAlasvarUpa se vaha utsarpiNI miTakara avasarpiNI banatA hai aura avasarpiNI miTakara utsarpiNI / isI prakAra anya jo lokAtmaka dravya haiM unameM athavA unake avayavoM meM paryAya parivartana (AkAra parAvartana) hotA hI rahatA hai / isa vAste loka ko 'azAzvata' bhI kaha sakate haiM / - isI taraha jIva bhI zAzvata hai aura azAzvata bhI / zAzvata isaliye ki usakA astitva trikAlavartI hai aura azAzvata isaliye ki paryAyarUpa se vaha sadAkAla ekasA nahIM rahatA / kabhI vaha nArakarUpa dhAraNa karatA hai to kabhI tiryag banatA hai, kabhI vaha manuSya banatA hai aura kabhI deva / isa prakAra aneka paryAyoM ke utpAda aura vyaya kI apekSA se jIva 'azAzvata' hai / jamAli ko pUche gaye gautama ke praznoM kA spaSTIkaraNa karake bhagavAna ne bahuta samajhAyA para usane apanA kadAgraha nahIM chor3A / vaha calA gayA aura durAgrahavaza aneka mithyA bAtoM se logoM ko bahakAtA aura apane matavAda meM milAtA huA vicaratA rahA / jamAli ke 500 sAdhuoM meM se katipaya sAdhu aura priyadarzanA pramukha 1000 sAdhviyA~ bhI jamAli ke paMtha meM mila gaI thIM / eka samaya priyadarzanA apane sAdhvI - parivAra ke sAtha vihAra karatI huI zrAvastI pahu~cI aura DhaMka kumhAra kI bhANDazAlA meM ThaharI / zramaNa-10

Page #203
146 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra DhaMka bhagavAn mahAvIra kA bhakta zrAvaka thA / jamAli ke matabheda se vaha pahale hI paricita thA / priyadarzanA jamAli kA mata mAnanevAlI hai yaha bhI use mAlUma thA / jamAli tathA usake anuyAyI kisI taraha samajheM aura bhagavAn ke sAtha jo virodha khar3A kiyA hai use miTA deM yaha DhaMka kI utkaTa icchA thI / isI viSaya ko lakSya meM rakhakara usane priyadarzanA kI saMghATI (cAdara) para agnikaNa pheMkA / saMghATI jalane lagI jise dekhakara priyadarzanA bola uThI, 'Arya ! yaha kyA kiyA, merI saMghATI jalA dI ?' DhaMka ne kahAsaMghATI jalI nahIM, abhI jala rahI hai / jalate hue ko 'jalA' kahanA yaha bhagavAn mahAvIra kA mata hai / tumhArA mata jale hue ko 'jalA' kahane kA hai, phira tumane jalatI saMghATI ko 'jalI' kaise kahA ? ___ DhaMka kI isa yukti se priyadarzanA samajha gaI, bolI-'Arya ! tUne acchA bodha diyA / ' priyadarzanA ne usI samaya jamAli kA mata chor3a kara apane parivAra ke sAtha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke saMgha meM praveza kiyA / jamAli ke sAtha jo sAdhu rahe the ve bhI dhIre-dhIre use chor3akara mahAvIra ke zramaNa saMgha meM mila gaye phira bhI jamAli apane haThAgraha se pIche nahIM haTA / jahA~ jAtA vahIM apane matavAda kA pracAra karatA aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke viruddha logoM ko bahakAtA / / bahata varSoM taka zramaNadharma pAlane ke uparAnta jamAli ne anazana kiyA aura paMdraha dina taka nirAhAra raha deha chor3A aura lAntaka devaloka meM kilbiSa jAti kA deva huA / meMDhiya grAma se vihAra karate hue bhagavAn mithilA pahu~ce aura varSAvAsa mithilA meM hI kiyA / cAturmAsya pUrA hote hI bhagavAn ne mithilA se pazcima ke janapadoM kI tarapha vihAra kara diyA / / 28. aTThAIsavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 485-484) bhagavAn kozalabhUmi meM vicarate hue pazcima kI ora dhIre-dhIre Age bar3ha rahe the / isI bIca meM indrabhUti gautama apane ziSyagaNa ke sAtha Age nikala kara zrAvastI ke koSThaka caitya meM jA Thahare /

Page #204
tIrthaMkara-jIvana 147 una dinoM pApitya kezIkumAra zramaNa bhI apane ziSyagaNa sahita zrAvastI ke tindukodyAna meM Ae hue the| kezI-gautama saMvAda donoM sthaviroM ke ziSya eka dUsare samudAya meM AcAra-bhinnatA dekhakara socane lage-'yaha dharma kaisA aura vaha kaisA ? yaha AcAra vyavasthA kaisI aura vaha kaisI ? mahAmuni pArzvanAtha kA dharma cAturyAma aura vardhamAna kA paMcazikSika, eka dharma sacelaka aura dUsarA acelaka ? mokSaprAptirUpa eka hI kArya kI sAdhanA meM pravRtta honevAloM ke dharma tathA AcAra mArga meM isa prakAra vibheda hone kA kyA kAraNa hogA ? apane ziSyagaNoM meM carcAspada banI huI bAteM kezI aura gautama ne sunI aura paraspara mila kara inakA samAdhAna karane kA unhoMne nizcaya kiyA / gautama ucitavedI the / ve yaha samajha kara ki kumAra-zramaNa kezI vRddha kula ke puruSa haiM, apane ziSya samudAya ke sAtha kezI ke sthAna para tindukodyAna meM gaye / kezI ne gautama kA ucita Adara kiyA / kuzAsana dekara baiThane kA izArA kiyA / gautama baiThe / donoM sthavira sUrya aura candra kI taraha zobhAyamAna hone lage / tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha aura vardhamAna ke zramaNoM kA yaha sammelana eka abhUtapUrva ghaTanA thii| ise dekhane aura saMvAda sunane ke liye aneka anyatIrthika sAdhu aura hajAroM gRhastha loga vahA~ ekatra hue / kezI ne kahA-mahAbhAga gautama ! Apase kucha pUrcha ? gautama-pUjya kumArazramaNa ! Apako jo kucha pUchanA ho, harSa se pUche / kezI-mahAnubhAva gautama ! mahAmuni pArzvanAtha ne cAturyAma dharma kA upadeza kiyA aura bhagavAn vardhamAna ne paJcazikSika dharma kA / isa mata-bheda kA kyA kAraNa hai ? samAna mukti-mArga ke sAdhakoM ke dharmamArga meM isa prakAra kI vibhinnatA kyoM ? gautama ! isa matabheda ko dekha kara Apako zaMkA aura

Page #205
148 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra azraddhA nahIM utpanna hotI ? gautama-pUjya kumArazramaNa ! sarvatra dharma-tattva kA nirNaya buddhi se hotA hai / isalie jisa samaya meM jaisI buddhivAle manuSya hoM usa samaya meM usI prakAra kI buddhi ke anukUla dharma kA upadeza karanA yogya hai / __ prathama tIrthaMkara ke samaya meM manuSya sarala parantu jar3a buddhivAle the| unake liye AcAra mArga kA zuddha rakhanA kaThina thA / antima tIrthaMkara ke samaya meM prAyaH kuTila aura jar3a buddhivAle jIvoM kI adhikatA rahatI hai| unake liye AcAra-pAlana kaThina hai| isa kAraNa prathama aura antima tIrthaMkaroM ne pAJcamahAvratika dharma kA upadeza kiyA, parantu madhyavartI bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke samaya meM jIva sarala aura catura hote the / ve thor3e meM bahuta samajha lete aura AcAra ko zuddha pAla sakate the / isI kAraNa bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ne cAturyAma dharma kA upadeza kiyA / kezI-gautama ! tumhArI buddhi ko dhanyavAda ! merA yaha saMzaya dUra ho gayA / aba merI dUsarI zaMkAoM ko suno bhagavAn vardhamAna ne acelaka dharma kahA aura mahAyazasvI pArzvanAtha ne savastra dharma kA upadeza diyA / eka hI kArya meM pravRtta do puruSoM ke upadeza meM yaha bheda kaisA ? kyoM gautama ! isa prakAra sAdhu veSa meM bhinnatA dekha kara tumhAre hRdaya meM saMzaya utpanna nahIM hotA ? __ gautama-pUjya kumArazramaNa ! dharma kI sAdhanA jJAna ke sAtha saMbandha rakhatI hai, bAhya veSa ke sAtha nahIM / bAhya veSa pahacAna aura saMyamanirvAha kA kAraNamAtra hai / mokSa-prApti jJAna, darzana aura cAritra ke svIkAra se hI hotI hai| kezI-gautama ! tuma hajAroM zatruoM ke bIca meM rahate ho aura zatru tuma para hamalA bhI karate haiM phira bhI tuma unheM kaise jIta lete ho ? gautama-kumArazramaNa ! pahale maiM apane eka zatru ko jItatA hU~ aura taba pA~ca zatruoM ko sahaja jIta letA huuN| pA~ca ko jIta kara dasa ko aura

Page #206
tIrthaMka jIvana dasa ko jItane ke bAda hajAroM ko AsAnI se jIta letA hU~ / keza - gautama ! ve zatru kona ? gautama - - he muni ! 'bebasa' AtmA hI apanA zatru hai jisake jItane se krodha, mAna, yA, lobha nAmaka kaSAya- zatru jIta lie jAte haiM aura isa taraha ina pA~ca ke gIta lene se zrotra, cakSu, ghrANa, jihvA aura sparzAtmaka pA~ca indriyarUpa zatru jIte jAte haiM / ina dasa zatruoM ko yathAnyAya jIta kara maiM sukha se vicaratA hU~ kezI - gautama : isa loka meM bahusaMkhyaka loga pAzoM se bA~dhe hue haiM, to tuma isa prakAra s taMtra hokara kaise phirate ho ? gautama -- he muni ! ne upAya se una pAzoM ko kATa diyA hai aura unakA sarvathA nAza kara pAza ka hokara phiratA hU~ / kezI-ve pAza kauna gautama -- rAga, dveSa aura rui bandhana ye tIvra aura bhayaMkara pAza haiM / ina sabakA yathAnyAya uccheda karake AcAra ke anusAra vicaratA hU~ / kezI -- jIva ke hRdaya meM e phaloM se phalatI hai / gautama ! usa 149 gautama - usa saMpUrNa bela ko aura aisA karake maiM viSaile phaloM ke bela ugatI hai, bar3hatI hai aura viSaile 'la ko tumane kaise ukhAr3a diyA ? le kAya, phira usakA mUla ukhAr3A ... se baca gayA hU~ / kezI - gautama ! vaha bela kauna ? gautama - he mahAmuni ! vaha bela hai 'bhavatRSNA' / yaha svayaM bhayaMkara hai aura bhayaMkara phala detI hai / ise mUla se ukhAr3a kara maiM yathAnyAya vicaratA hU~ / kezI - zarIra meM jAjvalyamAna ghora agni rahatI hai jo zarIra ko jalAtI rahatI hai / gautama ! usa dehastha agni ko tumane kisa prakAra zAnta kiyA ? For Private Personal Use Only

Page #207
150 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra gautama-mahAmegha se barase hue uttama jala ko lekara usa agni meM chir3akA karatA hU~ jisase mujhe vaha nahIM jalAtI / / kezI-gautama ! vaha agni kauna ? gautama-kaSAya (krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha) vividha prakAra kI 'agni' hai aura zrutajJAna, zIla aura tapa 'jala' / isa zruta zIlAdi kI jaladhArA se chir3akI huI kaSAya-agni zAnta ho jAtI hai / vaha mujhe jalA nahIM sakatI / kezI-gautama ! jisa para tuma car3he ho vaha ghor3A bar3A sAhasika, bhayaMkara aura duSTa hai / vaha bar3A teja daur3atA hai| vaha ghor3A tumheM unmArga para nahIM le jAtA ? gautama-daur3ate hue usa ghor3e ko maiM zrutajJAna kI lagAma se pakar3e rakhatA hU~ jisase vaha mArga ko nahIM chor3atA / kezI-gautama ! vaha ghor3A kauna ? gautama-'mana' yaha sAhasika, bhayaMkara aura atyanta teja dor3ane vAlA duSTa ghor3A hai jise maiM dharmazikSA se vaza meM kiye rahatA huuN| kezI-gautama ! isa jagat meM aneka kumArga haiM jina para car3ha kara jIva bhaTakate hue mara jAte haiM, parantu gautama ! tuma mArga maiM kaise bhUle nahIM par3ate ? gautama-kumArazramaNa ! jo mArga para calate haiM aura jo unmArgagAmI haiM una saba ko maiM jAnatA hU~ / yahI kAraNa hai ki maiM mArga nahIM bhUlatA / kezI-vaha mArga kauna ? gautama-jinopadiSTa 'pravacana' sanmArga hai aura isake viparIta 'kupravacana' unmArga / jo jina-pravacana ke anusAra calate haiM ve mArgagAmI haiM aura kupravacana para calanevAle unmArgagAmI / kezI-muni gautama ! jalapravAha ke vega meM bahate hue prANiyoM kI

Page #208
151 tIrthakara-jIvana zaraNa aura AdhAra kyA hai ? gautama-jala ke bIca eka mahAdvIpa hai jisakA vistAra atimahAn hai aura jahA~ jala ke mahAvega kI gati nahIM hotI, vahI zaraNa hai| kezI-gautama ! vaha dvIpa kauna ? gautama-jarA-maraNa ke mahAvega meM bahate hue prANiyoM ke liye zaraNa, AdhAra aura avalaMbanadAyaka 'dharma' hI dvIpa hai| kezI-jisameM tuma baiThe ho vaha nAva samudra meM cAroM ora ghasITI jA rahI hai / gautama ! isa taraha tuma isa agAdha samudra ko kaise pAra kara sakoge ? gautama-sacchidra nAva samudra pAra nahIM kara sakatI para jo nAva nizchidra hotI hai vaha samudra pAra kara sakatI hai / maiM nizchidra nAva meM baiThA hU~ ataH samudra ko pAra karU~gA / kezI-gautama vaha nAva kauna ? gautama-zarIra nAva hai, jIva nAvika aura yaha saMsAra samudra jise maharSi loga pAra karate haiM / kezI-gautama bahuta se prANadhArI jo ghora aMdhakAra meM rahate haiM unake liye loka meM prakAza kauna karegA ? gautama-sampUrNa loka ko prakAzita karanevAlA nirmala sUrya akhila loka meM jIvoM ko prakAza degA / kezI-gautama ! vaha sUrya kauna ? / gautama-jinake janma-maraNa Tala gaye haiM aise sarvajJa 'jina' hI sUrya haiM / ve udaya pAkara sampUrNaloka meM jIvoM ko prakAza dete haiM / kezI-he gautama ! zArIrika aura mAnasika duHkhoM se pIr3ita prANadhAriyoM ke lie nirbAdha aura nirupadrava kaunasA sthAna hai ? gautama-loka ke agrabhAga meM aisA sthAna hai jo nizcala aura durAroha

Page #209
152 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra hai / vahA~ jarA-maraNa aura vyAdhi-vedanA kucha bhI nahIM hai / kezI-gautama / vaha sthAna kauna ? gautama--nirvANa, anAbAdha, siddhi aura lokAgra ityAdi nAmoM se vaha pahacAnA jAtA hai / vaha kalyANakAraka, nirupadrava aura nirbAdha hai / isakI sthiti zAzvatI aura car3hAva durAroha hai / saMsAra-pravAha ko taira kara jo maharSi isa sthAna ko prApta hote haiM ve saba zokoM se pare ho jAte haiM / kezI-gautama ! tumhArI buddhi ko sAdhuvAda ! mere sabhI saMzaya dUra ho gaye / sarvasUtroM ke mahAsAgara gautama ! tumheM namaskAra ho / isa prakAra apane saMdeha dUra hote hI kezI kumArazramaNa ne gautama ko sira jhukA kara abhivAdana kiyA aura vahIM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mArgAnugata pAJcamahAvratika dharma kA svIkAra kiyA / kezI aura gautama ke isa saMmelana se vahA~ zrutajJAna aura saMyama dharma kA bar3A utkarSa huA aura aneka mahattvapUrNa tattvoM kA nirNaya huA / vahA~ ekatrita sabhA bhI saMtuSTa hokara sanmArga ke svIkAra meM tatpara huI / bhagavAn mahAvIra zrAvastI padhAre aura kucha samaya vahA~ Thaharane ke uparAnta pAJcAla kI tarapha vihAra karake ahicchatrA padhAre / vahA~ pracAra karane ke bAda kuru janapada kI ora unhoMne vihAra kiyA aura hastinApura pahu~ca kara nagara ke bAhara sahastrAmravana nAmaka udyAna meM Thahare / / zivarAjarSi hastinApura ke rAjA ziva sukhI, saMtoSI, aura dharmapremI raIsa the / eka dina madhyarAtri meM ziva kI nIMda TUTa gii| ve rAjakAla kI cintA karate karate apanI vartamAna sthiti aura usake kAraNoM kI mImAMsA meM utara par3e / socane lage-ahA ! maiM isa samaya saba prakAra se sukhI hU~ / putra, pazu, rAjya, rASTra, senA, vAhana, koSa, strI aura dhana-saMpadA Adi saba bAtoM se maiM bar3ha rahA hU~ / 1. uttarAdhyayana adhyayana 23, pa0 399-414

Page #210
tIrthakara-jIvana 153 yaha saba mere pUrvabhava ke zubha karmoM kA phala hai / dharma kA yaha phala bhogate hae mujhe bhaviSya ke liye bhI kucha karanA cAhie / acchA, to aba maiM kala hI lohamaya kar3Aha, kaDucchuya aura tAmrIya bhAjana banavAU~gA aura kumAra zivabhadra ko rAjyAbhiSikta kara lohI, lohakar3Aha, kaDucchuya aura tAmra-bhAjana lekara gaMgAtaTavAsI dizAprokSaka vAnaprastha tApasoM ke samIpa jAkara parivrajyA svIkAra kara lU~gA / usI samaya niyama dhAraNa karU~gA ki 'Aja se jIvana paryanta maiM dizA-cakravAla tapa karU~gA / ' prAta:kAla hote hI ziva ne apane sevakoM ko bulAyA aura saba taiyAriyA~ karavAIM / yuvarAja zivabhadra kA rAjyAbhiSeka karake usane eka bar3I jAtIya sabhA bulAI jisameM jJAtijanoM ke uparAnta mitra aura snehI saMbandhiyoM ko bhI AmaMtrita kiyA / Agantuka mehamAnoM kA bhojanAdi se yogya satkAra karane ke uparAnta ziva ne unake sAmane apanA abhiprAya prakaTa kiyA aura zivabhadra tathA una sabakI sammati prApta kara lohI, lohakar3Aha, kaDucchya, tAmrabhAjanAdi lekara ziva dizA-prokSaka tApasoM ke nikaTa pahuMce aura unake mata kI parivrajyA le dizA-prokSaka tApasa ho gae / zivarAjarSi apane nizcayAnusAra pratijJA kara cha8-cha8 se dizAcakravAla tapa karane lage / pahalA chaTTha pUrA hone para valkala pahane hue zivarAjarSi tapobhUmi se apanI kuTiyA meM Aye aura kiThina-sAMkAyikA ko lekara pUrva dizA kA prokSaNa karate hue bole-'pUrva dizA meM soma mahArAjA prasthAna-prasthita zivarAjarSi kA abhirakSaNa karo aura vahA~ ke kaMda, mUla, tvacA, patra, puSpa, phala, bIja, hariyAlI aura tRNoM ke grahaNa karane kI AjJA pradAna karo / ' ukta prArthanA kara ve pUrva dizA meM cale aura vahA~ se kaMda, mUla, tvacA, patra, puSpa, phalAdi se kiThina-sAMkAyikA ko bhara kara tathA darbha, kuza, samidh, patrAmoTa Adi lekara apane jhoMpar3e meM lauTe / kiThina- sAMkAyikA ko eka tarapha rakha kara vedikA ko jhAr3A tathA lIpA / phira darbhagarbhita kalaza lie gaMgA meM gaye / vahA~ snAna -majjana kiyA aura daivata-pitaroM ko jalAdi

Page #211
154 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra arpaNa karake kalaza bhara kara kuTiyA ko lautte| darbha-kuza aura bAlukA kI racanA kI / araNi ke zara se ragar3a kara Aga utpanna kI aura samidh kASThoM se use jalAyA / agni kuMDa kI dAhinI tarapha sakathA, valkala, sthAna, zayyA - bhANDa, kamaNDalu, kASThadaNDa aura AtmA ko ekatra kara zahada, ghRta aura taMduloM se agni meM AhutiyA~ de caru taiyAra kiyA / usameM vaizvadaiva - bali karane ke uparAnta atithipUjana kiyA aura phira svayaM bhojana kiyA / isake bAda zivarAjarSi dUsarA SaSTha kSapaNa kara tapobhUmi meM gaye aura pUrvavat dhyAna kiyA / pAraNA ke dina ve apane jhoMpar3e meM Ae aura dakSiNa dizA kA prokSaNa kara bole- 'dakSiNa dizA meM yama mahArAjA prasthAna- prasthita zivarAjarSi kA abhirakSaNa karo / ' phira vahI kriyA kI jo pahale pAraNA ke dina kI thI / isI taraha tIsarA chaTTa kara pAraNA ke dina pazcima dizA kA prokSaNa kara ziva ne kahA-- 'pazcima dizA meM varuNa mahArAjA prasthAna- prasthita zivarAjarSi kA abhirakSaNa karo / ' zeSa saba vidhAna pUrvavat kiyA / cauthe chTTa ke anta meM uttara dizA kA prokSaNa kara ziva bole- 'uttara dizA meM vaizramaNa mahArAjA prasthAna- prasthita zivarAjarSi kA abhirakSaNa karo / ' zeSa sabhI kriyAe~ pUrvavat kIM / zivarAjarSi ne lambe samaya taka tapa kiyA- AtApanA kI, jisake phalasvarUpa unheM vibhaMga - jJAna huA aura sAta samudroM taka sthUla sUkSma rUpI padArthoM ko jAnane - dekhane lage / isa jJAnadRSTi se zivarAjarSi ke mana meM yaha saMkalpa utpanna huA ki mujhe viziSTa jJAna - darzana utpanna hue haiM / ina jJAna - darzana se maiM jAnatA aura dekhatA hU~ ki isa loka meM sAta dvIpa aura sAta hI samudra haiM / ina ke uparAnta na dvIpa haiM, na samudra / jJAna utpanna hone ke uparAnta ziva tapobhUmi se apane jhoMpar3e meM gaye aura valkala pahana lohI, lohakaDucchuya, daNDa, kamaNDala, tAmrabhAjana aura kiThina - sAMkAyikA liye hastinApura ke tApasAzrama meM gaye aura bhAjanAdi For Private Personal Use Only

Page #212
tIrthaMkara-jIvana 155 sAmagrI vahA~ rakha kara hastinApura meM gaye / vahA~ para unhoMne apane jJAna se jAne hae sAta dvIpa-samudroM kI bAta kahI aura bole-saMsAra bhara meM sAta hI dvIpa aura samudra haiM, adhika nahIM / jisa samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra hastinApura padhAre the usa samaya ziva bhI vahIM the aura apane sAta dvIpa-samudra viSayaka siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kara rahe the / logoM meM isa naye siddhAnta para TIkA-TippaNiyA~ ho rahI thIM / indrabhUti gautama bhagavAn kI AjJA le hastinApura meM bhikSAcaryA ko gaye to unhoMne bhI sAta dvIpa-samudroM kI bAta sunI / gautama ne sahasrAmravana meM lauTa kara ukta janapravAda ke saMbandha meM bhagavAn se pUchA ki 'sAta hI dvIpa-samudra haiM' yaha zivarSi kA kathana ThIka hai kyA ? aura isa viSaya meM ApakA kyA siddhAnta hai ? bhagavAn ne kahA-sAta dvIpa-samudra saMbandhI zivarSikA siddhAnta mithyA hai / isa viSaya meM merA kathana yaha hai ki jambUdvIpa prabhRti asaMkhya dvIpa aura lavaNa Adi asaMkhya hI samudra haiM / ina saba kA AkAra vidhAna to ekasA hai para vistAra bhinna-bhinna hai| / bhagavAn ke pAsa usa samaya sabhA jamI huI thI / darzana, vandana aura dharmazravaNa ke nimitta Ae hue nagara-nivAsI abhI vahIM baiThe hue the| dharmazravaNa kara nagara-nivAsIjana apane apane sthAna para gaye / saba ke mu~ha meM sune hue upadeza kI-vizeSataH zivarSi ke siddhAnta viSayaka gautama ke praznottara kI carcA thI / ve kahate the--'zivarSi kA sAta dvIpasamudra saMbandhI siddhAnta ThIka nahIM hai / zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiM ki dvIpa-samudra sAta hI nahIM, asaMkhya hai|' zivarSi mahAvIra kI yogyatA se aparicita nahIM the| unake jJAna aura mahattva kI bAteM unhoMne kaI bAra suna rakkhI thI / jaba unhoMne apane siddhAnta ke viSaya meM mahAvIra kA abhiprAya sunA to ve vicAra meM par3a gaye / mana hI mana bole-'yaha kaisI bAta hai ? dvIpa-samudra asaMkhya haiM ? maiM to sAta hI dekha rahA hU~ aura mahAvIra asaMkhya batAte haiM ? kyA merA jJAna apUrNa hai ?'

Page #213
156 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra isa prakAra saMkalpa-vikalpa karate hue ve zaMkAzIla hote gaye / pariNAmasvarUpa unako jo kucha Atmika sAkSAtkAra huA thA vaha tirohita ho gayA / taba unhoMne socA ki avazya hI isa viSaya meM mahAvIra kA kathana satya hogA / ve jJAnI tIrthaMkara haiM / unheM aneka yoga vibhUtiyA~ prApta ho cukI haiM / aise arhantoM kA darzana to kyA nAma-zravaNa bhI durlabha hotA hai / acchA, to aba maiM bhI ina mahApuruSa ke pAsa jAU~ aura upadeza sunU~ / zivarAjarSi vahA~ se tApasAzrama meM gaye aura lohI, lohakaDAha tathA kiThina-sAMkAyikA ko lekara hastinApura ke madhya meM se hote hue sahasrAmravana meM pahu~ce aura mahAvIra ke pAsa jA kara tripradakSiNApUrvaka unako vandana kara ke yogya sthAna para baiTha gaye / zramaNa bhagavAn ne zivarAjarSi tathA usa mahatI sabhA ke samakSa nirgrantha pravacana kA upadeza diyA jise suna kara zivarSi parama saMtuSTa hue / ve uThe aura hAtha jor3akara bhagavAn se prArthanA karate hue bole-'bhagavan ! nirgrantha pravacana para zraddhA karatA huuN| bhagavan ! mujhe bhI hastAlambana dIjiye / nirgrantha mArga kI dIkSA dekara Apa mujhe bhI mokSamArga kA pathika banAiye / ' bhagavAn ne zivarAjarSi kI prArthanA ko svIkAra kiyA / rAjarSi lohI, lohakaDAha aura kiThina-sAMkAyikA ke lekara IzAna dizA kI tarapha cale / thor3I dUra jAkara apane upakaraNoM ko chor3a diyA aura paMcamuSTika loca kara mahAvIra ke pAsa lauTe / bhagavAn ne unheM paMca mahAvrata die aura zramaNa-dharma kI vizeSa zikSA-dIkSA ke liye unhoMne sthaviroM ke supurda kara diyA / nirgrantha mArga meM praveza karane ke bAda bhI zivarSi ne anekavidha kaThina tapa kiye aura ekAdazAGga nirgrantha pravacana kA adhyayana kiyA / anta meM zivarAjarSi sarva karmoM kA nAza kara nirvANa ko prApta hue / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke isa samavasaraNa meM anya kaI dharmArthiyoM ne nirgrantha pravacana kI dIkSA lI jinameM anagAra puTThila kA nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / 1. bhagavatI za0 11, u0 9, pR0 514-519 /

Page #214
tIrthaMkara-jIvana 157 hastinApura se bhagavAn mokA nagarI kI tarapha padhAre aura mokA ke nandana caitya meM Thahare jahA~ para unhoMne agnibhUti aura vAyubhUti ke praznoM ke uttara meM devoM kI vikuvarNAzakti kA varNana karane ke uparAnta IzAnendra aura camarendra ke pUrvabhavoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA / mokA se bhagavAna vApasa lauTe aura vANijya grAma meM jAkara varSA cAturmAsya vyatIta kiyA / 29. unatIsavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 484-483) varSA kAla kI samApti hote hI bhagavAn ne videha bhUmi se magadha kI tarapha prayANa kiyA aura vihAra karate hue Apa rAjagRha ke guNazIla caitya meM padhAre / usa samaya rAjagRha meM nigraMtha pravacana ke anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA vizAla thI phira bhI anya dArzanikoM kA vahA~ abhAva nahIM thA / bauddha, AjIvaka aura anyAnya saMpradAya ke zramaNa aura gRhastha bhI vahA~ acchI saMkhyA meM basate the aura samaya samaya para eka dUsare kI mAnyatAoM kA khaNDana aura upahAsa kiyA karate the / ___ eka samaya AjIvaka bhikSuoM ke saMbandha meM indrabhUti gautama ne bhagavAn se pUchA-AjIvaka loga sthaviroM se pUchate haiM ki nirgrantho ! tumhAre zramaNopAsaka kA, jaba vaha sAmAyikavrata meM rahA huA ho, koI bhANDa corI calA jAya to sAmAyika pUrA kara vaha usakI talAza karatA hai yA nahIM ? yadi karatA hai to vaha apane bhANDa kI talAza karatA hai yA parAye kI ? uttara meM bhagavAn ne kahA-gautama ! vaha apane bhANDa kI talAza karatA hai, parAye kI nahIM / gautama-bhagavan ! zIlavrata, guNavrata, pratyAkhyAna aura pauSadhopavAsa se usakA bhANDa 'abhANDa' nahIM ho jAtA ? __mahAvIra-hA~, sAmAyika, pauSadhAdi vrata meM sthita zramaNopAsaka kA bhANDa 'abhANDa' ho jAtA hai / gautama-bhagavan ! jaba vratidazA meM usakA vaha bhANDa 'abhANDa' ho

Page #215
158 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra gayA to usa dazA meM corI hue usa bhANDa kI vrata pUrA karane ke bAda zramaNopAsaka ke talAza karane para 'vaha apane bhANDa kI talAza karatA hai' yaha kaise kahA jAyagA ? jaba usakA vaha bhANDa hI nahIM rahA to usakI talAza karane kA use kyA adhikAra hai ? mahAvIra -- gautama ! vratidazA meM usakI bhAvanA yaha hotI hai ki yaha sonA, rUpA, kAMsya, dUSya yA maNi- ratnAdi koI padArtha merA nahIM hai / isa prakAra usa samaya una padArthoM se vaha apanA saMbandha chor3a detA hai-- unakA upayoga nahIM karatA / para una padArthoM para se usakA mamatvabhAva nahIM chUTatA aura mamatvabhAva ke na chUTane se vaha padArtha parAyA nahIM hotA, usI kA rahatA hai / gautama -- bhagavan ! sAmAyikavrata meM sthita zramaNopAsaka kI bhAryA se koI saMgama kare to kyA kahA jAyagA bhAryA se saMgama ? yA abhAryA se ? mahAvIra -- zramaNopAsaka kI bhAryA se saMgama karatA hai yahI kahanA cAhiye / gautama --- bhagavan ! zIlavrata, guNavrata aura pauSadhopavAsa se bhAryA 'abhAryA' ho sakatI hai ? mahAvIra - hA~, gautama ! vratidazA meM zramaNopAsaka kI yaha bhAvanA hotI hai ki mAtA, pitA, bhAI, bahana, bhAryA, putra, putrI aura putravadhU koI merA nahIM hai / yaha bhAvanA hote hue bhI unase usake premabandhanoM kA viccheda nahIM hotA / isaliye bhAryA - saMgama hI kahA jAyagA, 'abhAryA saMgama' nahIM' / zramaNopAsaka aura AjIvakopAsaka zramaNopAsaka gatakAla meM kie hue prANAtipAta kA 49 prakAra se pratikramaNa karatA hai, vartamAnakAlIna prANAtipAta kA 49 prakAra se niyamana karatA hai aura anAgata kAla ke prANAtipAta kA 49 prakAra se niSedha karatA 1. bhagavatI za0 8, u0 5, pR0 367 / For Private Personal Use Only

Page #216
tIrthaMkara-jIvana 159 hai| isa prakAra zramaNopAsaka ke sthUla prANAtipAta-viramaNa vrata ke kula 147 bheda hote haiM / isI prakAra sthUla mRSAvAda-viramaNa, sthUla adattAdAna-viramaNa, sthUla maithuna-viramaNa aura sthUla parigraha-viramaNa ke bhI pratyeka ke 147-147 bheda hote haiM jinameM se amuka vrata kA amuka bheda pAlana karanevAlA bhI zramaNopAsaka hotA hai| isa prakAra vividha bhaMga se vrata pAlanevAle zramaNopAsaka hote haiM, AjIvakopAsaka nahIM hote / / AjIvaka mata ke zAstroM kA artha hI yaha hai ki sacitta padArthoM kA bhojana karanA-sarva prANiyoM kA chedana-bhedana aura vinAza kara unakA bhojana karanA / AjIvaka mata meM ye bAraha prasiddha AjIvakopAsaka kahe gaye haiMtAla, tAlapalaMba, uvviha, saMviha, avaviha, udaya, nAmudaya, namodaya, aNuvAlaya, saMkhavAlaya, ayaMpula aura kAyaraya / ye sabhI AjIvakopAsaka arihaMta ko deva mAnanevAle aura mAtA-pitA kI sevA karanevAle the / ye gUlara, bar3a, bera, satara (zahatUta) aura pIpala ina pA~ca jAti ke phaloM aura pyAja, lahasuna Adi kandamUla ko nahIM khAte the / ye trasajIvoM kI rakSA karate hue aise bailoM se apanI jIvikA calAte jo na badhiyA hote aura na nAka bIMdhe jaba AjIvakopAsaka bhI isa prakAra nirdoSarItyA jIvikA calAte the to zramaNopAsakoM kA to kahanA hI kyA ? unheM to paMndraha hI karmAdAnoM kA tyAga karanA cAhiye / isa varSa rAjagRha ke vipula parvata para aneka anagAroM ne anazana kiyA / 30. tIsavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 483-482) varSA cAturmAsya bhagavAn ne rAjagRha meM kiyA / cAturmAsya kI samApti 1. bhagavatI za0 8, u0 5, pR0 369 /

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160 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra hone para bhagavAn ne rAjagRha se campA kI ora vihAra kara campA ke pazcima meM 'pRSThacampA' nAmaka upanagara meM Thahare / pRSTha campA ke rAjA zAla aura usake choTe bhAI yuvarAja mahAzAla ne mahAvIra kA upadeza sunA / saMsAra se virakta hokara zAla ne kahA-bhagavan ! maiM nirgrantha pravacana para zraddhA karatA hU~ aura apanA rAjya yuvarAja mahAzAla ko sauMpa kara Apake caraNoM meM Akara zramaNa dharma ko svIkAra kruuNgaa| bhagavAn ne kahA--pratibandha na rakkho / ghara jAkara zAla ne apane choTe bhAI ko rAjyArUr3ha hone kI prArthanA kI para mahAzAla ne usakA svIkAra nahIM kiyA aura kahA ki jo dharma Apane sunA hai vahI maiMne bhI sunA hai / jaise Apa saMsAra se virakta haiM vaise maiM bhI virakta huuN| maiM bhI pravrajyA grahaNa karU~gA / / mahAzAla ke atirikta zAla ke rAjya kA koI uttarAdhikArI nahIM thA / mahAzAla ke asvIkAra karane para apane bhAgineya gAgalI nAmaka rAjakumAra ko bulA kara use rAjyArUr3ha kara zAla tathA mahAzAla ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke varada hAtha se zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA lI / kAmadeva ke dRSTAnta se zramaNa-nirgranthoM ko upadeza pRSTha campA se bhagavAn campA ke pUrNabhadra caitya meM padhAre / una dinoM campA nivAsI zramaNopAsaka kAmadeva apane ghara kA kAryabhAra jyeSTha putra ke Upara chor3a kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke antima upadezoM kA pAlana karane lage the / eka dina kAmadeva apanI pauSadhazAlA meM pauSadha karate hue rAtri ke samaya dhyAna kara rahe the / karIba madhyarAtri ke samaya vahA~ eka deva prakaTa huA aura kAmadeva ko dhyAna se calita karane kA prayatna karane lagA / pahale usane pizAcarUpa meM, phira hAthI ke rUpa meM aura anta meM sarpa ke rUpa meM vividha vibhISikAe~ aura yAtanAe~ dikhAIM para kAmadeva apane dhyAna aura vizvAsa se vicalita na hue / anta meM deva hAra kara usakI prazaMsA karatA huA calA gayA / prAtaHsamaya kAmadeva bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa meM gae aura vandana namaskAra kara dharmopadeza sunane baiThe /

Page #218
tIrthakara-jIvana 161 dharmopadeza pUrNa hone ke bAda bhagavAn ne kAmadeva ko saMbodhana karate hae kahA-kAmadeva ! gata rAtri meM kisI deva ne pizAca, hAthI aura sarpa ke rUpa banA kara tujhe dhyAna-bhraSTa karane ke lie vividha upasarga kie, yaha satya hai ? kAmadeva-jI hA~, yaha bAta satya hai / nirgrantha zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko saMbodhana karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-Aryo ! ghara meM rahate hue gRhastha zramaNopAsaka bhI divya, mAnuSika aura tiryagyoni sambandhI upasarga sahana kara sakate haiM to dvAdazAGgagaNipiTakapAThI zramaNa nirgranthoM ko to avazya hI isa prakAra ke upasarga sahana karane cAhiye / nirgrantha zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ne bhagavAn kA vacana vinayapUrvaka svIkAra kiyA' / campA se bhagavAn ne dazArNapura ke prayANa kiyA / dazArNa kA rAjA dazArNabhadra ApakA bhakta thA / Apake Agamana para usane bar3A utsava kiyA aura bar3e hI ThATabATa ke sAtha vaha vandana karane gayA / dazArNabhadra ko apanI Rddhi samRddhi kA bar3A abhimAna thA para bhagavAn ke vandanArtha Aye hue devendra kI Rddhi dekha kara usakA abhimAna utara gayA / bhagavAn ke pAsa zramaNa-dharma ko svIkAra kara vaha zramaNa saMgha meM dAkhila huA / dazArNapura se bhagavAn videha bhUmi kI tarapha prayANa kara vANijyagrAma padhAre / paNDita somila kI jJAnagoSThI vANijyagrAma meM somila nAmaka eka vidvAn brAhmaNa rahatA thA jo dhanI mAnI, apane kuTumba kA mukhiyA aura pA~ca sau vidyArthiyoM kA adhyApaka thA / usa ne jaba sunA ki tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra nagara ke dUtipalAsa caitya meM 1. upAsakadazA, adhyayana 2, pR0 19-31 / zramaNa--11

Page #219
162 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra padhAre haiM to usane bhI vahA~ jAne kA vicAra kiyA - yaha soca kara ki vahA~ jAkara unheM kaI prazna pUchUM / somila eka sau chAtroM ke sAtha apane ghara se nikalA aura vANijyagrAma ke madhya meM se hotA huA dUtipalAsa pahu~cA / vahA~ bhagavAn se kucha dUra khar3e raha kara bolA- bhagavan ! tumhAre siddhAnta meM yAtrA hai ? yApanIya hai ? avyAbAdha hai ? prAsuka vihAra hai ? mahAvIra -- hA~, somila ! mere yahA~ yAtrA bhI hai, yApanIya bhI avyAbAdha bhI hai aura prAsuka vihAra bhI hai / somila--- bhagavan ! ApakI yAtrA kyA hai / mahAvIra -- tapa, niyama, saMyama, svAdhyAya, dhyAna aura AvazyakAdi yogoM meM jo yatanA - udyama hai vaha merI yAtrA hai / somila - bhagavan ! ApakA yApanIya kyA hai ? mahAvIra - somila ! yApanIya do prakAra kA kahA hai- - eka indriyayApanIya aura dUsarA noindriya-yApanIya / zrotrendriya, cakSurindriya, ghrANendriya, jihvendriya tathA sparzendriya ina pA~ca indriyoM ko vaza meM rakhatA hU~yaha merA 'indriya-yApanIya' hai aura mere krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha vicchinna ho gaye haiM / ina kaSAyoM kA kabhI prAdurbhAva nahIM hotA / yaha merA 'noindriyayApanIya' hai / somila--bhagavan ! ApakA avyAbAdha kyA hai ? mahAvIra -- somila ! mere zarIragata vAtika, paittika, zlaiSmika, sAMnipAtika Adi vividha rogAtaGka doSa upazAnta ho gaye haiM / kabhI ve prakaTa nahIM hote / yahI merA avyAbAdha hai / somila--bhagavan ! ApakA prAsuka vihAra kyA hai ? mahAvIra - somila ! ArAmoM, udyAnoM, devakuloM, sabhAoM, prapAoM aura strI-pazu-paNDaka varjita bastioM meM prAsuka tathA kalpanIya pIThaphalaka, zayyA, For Private Personal Use Only

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana saMstAraka svIkAra karake vicaratA hU~ / yahI merA prAsuka vihAra hai / somila-bhagavan ! sarisavaya Apake bhakSya haiM yA abhakSya ? mahAvIra-sarisavaya bhakSya bhI haiM aura abhakSya bhI / somila-donoM prakAra kaise ? mahAvIra--brAhmaNyanayoM meM (brAhmaNoM ke granthoM meM) sarisavaya zabda ke do artha hote haiM-eka mitra sarisavaya (sadRzavayAH) aura dUsarA dhAnya sarisa (sarSapaH) / inameM mitra-sarisavaya tIna prakAra ke kahe haiM-1. sahajAta, 2. sahavadhita aura 3. sahapAMzukrIDita / ye sarisavaya zramaNa nirgranthoM ke lie abhakSya haiM / dhAnya-sarisavaya do prakAra ke hote haiM--1. zastra-pariNata aura 2. azastra-pariNata / inameM jo azastra-pariNata hote haiM ve zramaNa nirgranthoM ke lie abhakSya haiM / zastrapariNata sarisavaya bhI do prakAra ke hote haiM-1. eSaNIya aura 2. aneSaNIya / inameM aneSaNIya zramaNa nirgranthoM ke abhakSya hai / eSaNIya bhI do prakAra ke hote haiM---yAcita aura ayAcita / inameM ayAcita zramaNa nirgranthoM ke lie abhakSya haiM / yAcita bhI do prakAra ke hote hai-labdha aura alabdha / inameM alabdha zramaNa nirgranthoM ke lie abhakSya haiM / kevala zastrapariNata eSaNIya yAcita aura labdha dhAnya sarisavaya hI zramaNa nirgranthoM ko bhakSya haiM / isa kAraNa sarisavaya bhakSya bhI kahe jA sakate haiM aura abhakSya bhI / somila-bhagavan ! 'mAsa' Apako bhakSya haiM yA abhakSya ? mahAvIra--brAhmaNyanayoM meM 'mAsa' do prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM-dravyamAsa (mASa) aura kAlamAsa / inameM kAlamAsa zrAvaNa se ASAr3ha paryanta bAraha haiM, jo abhakSya haiM /

Page #221
164 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dravyamAsa (Sa) do prakAra ke kahe haiM--arthamAsa (mASa) aura dhAnya mAsa (mASa) / inameM se arthamASa do prakAra ke hote haiM-suvarNamASa aura rUpyamASa / ye donoM zramaNa nirgranthoM ke lie abhakSya haiM / rahe dhAnyamASa, so unake bhI zastrapariNata, azastrapariNata, eSaNIya, aneSaNIya, yAcita, ayAcita, labdha, alabdha Adi aneka prakAra haiM / inameM zastrapariNata eSaNIya yAcita aura labdha dhAnyamASa zramaNa nirgranthoM ke lie bhakSya haiM, zeSa abhakSya / somila-bhagavan ? 'kulatthA' Apake bhakSya haiM yA abhakSya ? mahAvIra-kulatthA bhakSya bhI haiM, abhakSya thii| somila-yaha kaise ? | mahAvIra-brAhmaNa-granthoM meM 'kulatthA' zabda ke do artha hote haiMkulathI dhAnya aura kulIna strI / kulIna strI tIna prakAra kI hotI hai-kulakanyA, kulavadhU aura kulamAtA / ye kulatthA zramaNa nirgranthoM ke lie abhakSya haiM / _ 'kulatthA' dhAnya bhI sarisavaya kI taraha aneka taraha kA hotA hai, usameM zastrapariNata eSaNIya yAcita aura labdha 'kulatthA' zramaNa nirgranthoM ke lie bhakSya haiM, zeSa abhakSya / somila-bhagavan ! Apa eka haiM yA do? tathA Apa akSaya, avyaya aura avasthita haiM yA bhUta-vartamAna-bhaviSyat ke aneka rUpa dhArI ? mahAvIra-maiM eka bhI hU~ aura do bhI / maiM akSaya-avyaya-avasthita hU~ aura bhUta-vartamAna-bhaviSyadrUpadhArI bhI / somila-bhagavan, yaha kaise ? / mahAvIra--somila ! maiM Atmadravya rUpa se eka hU~ aura jJAna-darzana rUpa se do bhI / maiM AtmapradezoM kI apekSA se akSaya avyaya avasthita hU~ para upayoga-paryAya kI apekSA se bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSyat ke nAnA rUpadhArI bhI huuN| dharma-carcA suna kara somila brAhmaNa tattvamArga ko samajha gayA / vaha

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana 165 vandana karake bolA-bhagavan ! ApakA kathana yathArtha hai / maiM Apake nirgrantha pravacana para zraddhA karatA huuN| maiM anya rAjA-mahArAjAoM aura seTha sAhukAroM kI taraha Apake pAsa nirgrantha zramaNamArga kI pravrajyA grahaNa karane meM to samartha nahIM hU~, parantu maiM Apake pAsa zrAvakadharma ko svIkAra kara sakatA huuN| bhagavAn kI AjJA prApta kara somila ne zrAvakadharma ke dvAdaza vrata grahaNa kie aura bhagavAn ko vandana kara apane ghara gayA / zramaNopAsaka hone ke bAda somila ne nirgrantha pravacana kA vizeSa tattvajJAna prApta kiyA aura anta meM samAdhipUrvaka AyuSya pUrNa kara svargavAsI huA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne tIsavA~ varSA cAturmAsya vANijyagrAma meM vyatIta kiyA / 31. ikatIsavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 482-481) varSA cAturmAsyaM samApta hote hI bhagavAn mahAvIra kozalarASTra ke sAketa, zrAvastI Adi nagaroM meM Thaharate hue pAJcAla kI ora padhAre aura kAmpilya ke bAhara sahasrAmravana meM vAsa kiyA / zramaNopAsaka ammaDa parivrAjaka kAmpilyapura meM 'ammaDa' nAmaka brAhmaNa parivrAjaka, jo ki sAta sau parivrAjaka ziSyoM ke guru the, rahate the / ammaDa aura inake ziSya bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadeza se jaina dharma ke upAsaka bane the / parivrAjaka kA bAhya veSa aura AcAra rakhate hue bhI ve jaina zrAvakoM ke pAlane yogya vrata-niyama pAlate the / kAmpilyapura meM indrabhUti aura gautama ne ammaDa ke viSaya meM jo bAteM sunI, unase indrabhUti gautama kA dila sazaMka ho gayA / unhoMne bhagavAn se pUchA-bhagavan ! bahuta se loga yaha kahate aura pratipAdana karate haiM ki ammaDa 1. bha0 sa0 za0 18, u0 10, pa0 758-760 /

Page #223
166 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra parivrAjaka kAmpilyapura meM eka hI samaya sau gharoM meM bhojana karatA aura sau gharoM meM rahatA hai, so yaha kaise ? mahAvIra gautama ! ammaDa ke viSaya meM logoM kA yaha kahanA yathArtha hai T gautama -- bhagavan ! yaha kaise ? mahAvIra--gautama ! ammaDa parivrAjaka vinIta aura bhadra prakRti kA puruSa hai / vaha nirantara chaTTa chaTTa kA tapa karatA hai / sUrya ke sAmane mukha kara donoM bhujAyeM U~cI karake dhUpa meM khar3A hokara AtApanA karatA hai / isa duSkara tapa, zubha pariNAma aura prazasta lezyAoM kI zuddhi se vizeSa karmoM kA kSayopazama hokara ammaDa ko vIrya - labdhi, vaikriya-labdhi aura avadhijJAnalabdhi prApta huI hai / ina labdhiyoM ke bala se ammaDa apane sau rUpa bana kara sau gharoM meM rahatA aura bhojana karatA huA logoM ko Azcarya dikhAtA hai / gautama -- bhagavan ! kyA ammaDa parivrAjaka nirgrantha dharma kI dIkSA lekara ApakA ziSya hone kI yogyatA rakhatA hai ? mahAvIra nahIM, gautama ! ammaDa hamArA zramaNa ziSya nahIM hogA / ammaDa jIvAjIvAdi-tattvajJa zramaNopAsaka hai aura zramaNopAsaka hI rahegA / vaha sthUla hiMsA, sthUla asatya tathA sthUla adattAdAna kA tyAgI, sarvathA brahmacArI aura saMtoSI hai / vaha musAphirI meM mArga ke bIca AnevAle jala ke atirikta kUpa, nadI Adi kisI prakAra ke jalAzaya meM nahIM utaratA / vaha gAr3I, ratha, pAlakI Adi yAna athavA ghor3A, hAthI, U~Ta, baila, bhaiMsA, gadahA Adi vAhana para baiThakara yAtrA nahIM karatA / ammaDa nATaka aura khela tamAze nahIM dekhatA / vaha strI kathA, bhojana kathA, deza kathA, rAja kathA, caura kathA tathA anya anarthakArI vikathAoM se dUra rahatA hai / ammaDa harI vanaspati kA chedana-bhedana aura sparza taka nahIM karatA / vaha tumbA, kASThapAtra yA mRttikAmAtra ke atirikta loha, trapu tAmra, jista, sIsA, For Private Personal Use Only

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana 167 cA~dI, sonA Adi kisI prakAra kI dhAtu ke pAtra nahIM rakhatA / vaha loha, japa, tAmra, Adi kisI bhI dhAtu kA bandhana nahIM rakhatA / vaha eka geruA cAdara ke atirikta koI bhI raMgIna vastra nahIM rakhatA / vaha eka tAmramaya pavitraka ke sivA hAra, ardhahAra, ekAvalI, muktAvalI, kanakAvalI, ratnAvalI, muravi, kaNThamuravi, prAlaMbaka, trisara, kaTisUtra, mudrikA, kaTaka, truTita, aMgada, keyUra, kuNDala, mukuTa, cUDAmaNi Adi kucha bhI AbhUSaNa nahIM pahanatA / vaha eka eka karNapUra ke atirikta kisI prakAra kA puSpamAlya nahIM dhAraNa karatA / vaha gaMgA nadI kI miTTI ke atirikta agara, candana, kuMkuma Adi se gAtravilepana nahIM karatA / vaha apane lie banAyA, lAyA, kharIdA tathA anya dUSita AhAra grahaNa nahIM karatA / vaha apadhyAna, pramAdAcarita, hiMsrapradAna, aura pApakarmopadezarUpa caturvidha anarthadaNDa se dUra rahatA hai| vaha dina meM mAgadha ADhaka pramANa bahatA huA svaccha jala snAna ke lie grahaNa karatA hai aura ardha ADhaka pIne tathA hAtha-pA~va dhone ke lie, parantu yaha jala bhI vaha anya kA diyA huA letA hai, svayaM jalAzaya se nahIM letA / vaha arhantoM aura unake caityoM (mUrtiyoM) ko chor3a anyatIrthikoM, unake devoM aura anyatIrthika-parigRhIta arhaccaityoM ko vandana namaskArAdi nahIM karatA / gautama-bhagavan ! ammaDa parivrAjaka AyuSya pUrNa kara yahA~ se kisa gati meM jAyagA ? mahAvIra-gautama ! ammaDa choTe bar3e zIlavrata, guNavrata, poSadhopavAsAdi se Atma-cintana karatA huA bahuta varSoM taka zramaNopAsaka vRtti meM raha kara anta meM eka mAsa kA anazana karake deha kA tyAga kara brahmadevaloka meM devapada ko prApta karegA aura anta meM ammaDa kA jIva mahAvideha meM manuSya janma pAkara nirvANa prApta karegA' / kAmpilya se bhagavAn ne vApasa videhabhUmi kI tarapha prasthAna kiyA aura varSAvAsa vaizAlI meM kiyA / 1. aupapAtikasUtra /

Page #225
168 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra 32. battIsavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 481-480) varSARtu ke anantara bhagavAn ne kAzIkozala ke pradezoM meM vihAra kiyA aura grISmakAla meM Apa phira videhabhUmi ko lauTe / gAMgeya kI prazna-paraMparA bhagavAn vANijyagrAma ke bAhara dUtipalAza caitya meM Thahare hue the / pratidina dhArmika vyAkhyAna hote the / eka dina vyAkhyAna samApta ho cukA thA / sabhAjana apane-apane sthAnoM ko prayANa kara cuke the / usa samaya gAMgeya nAmaka eka pApitya muni vahA~ Aye aura bhagavAn se kucha dUra khar3e rahakara bole-bhagavan ! narakAvAsa meM nAraka sAntara utpanna hote haiM yA nirantara ? mahAvIra-gAMgeya ! nAraka sAntara bhI utpanna hote haiM aura nirantara bhI / gAMgeya-bhagavan ! asurakumArAdi bhuvanapati deva sAntara utpanna hote haiM yA nirantara ? ___mahAvIra-gAMgeya ! bhuvanapati sAntara bhI utpanna hote haiM aura nirantara bhI / gAMgeya-bhagavan ! pRthvIkAyikAdi ekendriya jIva sAntara utpanna hote haiM yA nirantara ? mahAvIra-~-gAMgeya ! pRthvIkAyikAdi ekendriya jIva apane apane sthAnoM meM nirantara utpanna hote rahate haiM / gAMgeya-bhagavan ! dvIndriya jIva sAntara utpanna hote haiM yA nirantara ? mahAvIra-gAMgeya ! dvIndriya jIva sAntara bhI utpanna hote haiM aura nirantara bhI / isI taraha trIndriya, caturindriya aura paJcendriya, tiryaJca, manuSya tathA deva bhI sAntara aura nirantara utpanna hote haiM / gAMgeya-bhagavan ! nAraka jIva naraka-sthAna se sAntara nikalate haiM yA nirantara ?

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tIrthakara-jIvana 169 mahAvIra-gAMgeya ! nAraka sAntara bhI nikalate haiM aura nirantara bhI / isI taraha dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya aura paJcendriya tiryaJca, manuSya tathA deva bhI kabhI sAntara kabhI nirantara apane apane sthAnoM se nikala kara dasare sthAnoM meM praveza karate haiM / parantu pRthvIkAyikAdi nirantara utpanna honevAle ekendriya jIva nirantara hI nikalate haiM ? gAMgeya-bhagavan ! 'pravezana' kitane prakAra ke kahe haiM ? mahAvIra-gAMgeya ! pravezana cAra prakAra ke kahe haiM-1. nairayika pravezana, 2. tiryagyonikapravezana, 3. manuSyapravezana aura 4. devapravezana' / gAMgeya-bhagavan ! 'sat' nAraka utpanna hote haiM yA 'asat' ? isI taraha 'sat' tiryaJca, manuSya aura deva utpanna hote haiM yA 'asat' ? / mahAvIra-gAMgeya ! sabhI sat utpanna hote haiM, asat koI bhI nahIM utpanna hotA / gAMgeya-bhagavan ! nAraka, tiryaJca aura manuSya sat nikalate (marate) haiM yA asat ? isI taraha deva bhI sat cyuta hote (marate) haiM yA asat ? mahAvIra-gAMgeya ! sabhI sat nikalate aura cyavate haiM, asat koI nahIM maratA cyavatA / gAMgeya-bhagavan ! yaha kaise ? sat kI utpatti kaisI ? aura mare hue kI sattA kaisI ? mahAvIra-gAMgeya ! puruSAdAnIya pArzva arhanta ne loka ko 'zAzvata' kahA hai, isameM 'sarvathA asat' kI utpatti nahIM hotI aura 'sat' kA sarvathA nAza bhI nahIM hotA / gAMgeya-bhagavan ! yaha vastutattva Apa svayaM AtmapratyakSa se jAnate haiM yA kisI hetuprayukta anumAna se athavA kisI Agama ke AdhAra se ? 1. pravezana ke saMbaMdha meM anya bhI bahuta se praznottara haiM jo yahA~ nahIM diye gaye /

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170 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra mahAvIra-gAMgeya ! yaha saba maiM svayaM jAnatA huuN| kisI bhI anumAna athavA Agama ke AdhAra para maiM nahIM kahatA, AtmapratyakSa se jAnI huI bAta hI kahatA huuN| gAMgeya-bhagavan ! yaha kaise ? anumAna aura Agama ke AdhAra ke binA yaha viSaya kaise jAnA jA sakatA hai ? ___ mahAvIra-gAMgeya ! kevalI pUrva se jAnatA hai aura pazcima se bhI jAnatA hai / vaha dakSiNa se jAnatA hai aura uttara se bhI jAnatA hai / kevalI parimita jAnatA hai aura aparimita bhI jAnatA hai / kevalI kA jJAna pratyakSa hone se usameM sarvavastutattva pratibhAsita hote haiM / gAMgeya-bhagavan ! naraka meM nAraka, tiryaggati meM tiryaJca, manuSyagati meM manuSya aura devagati meM deva svayaM utpanna hote haiM yA kisI kI preraNA se ? aura ve apanI gatiyoM meM se svayaM nikalate haiM yA unheM koI nikalatA hai ? __mahAvIra-Arya gAMgeya ! saba jIva apane apane zubhAzubha karmoM ke anusAra zubhAzubha gatiyoM meM utpanna hote haiM aura vahA~ se nikalate haiM / isameM dUsarA koI bhI preraka nahIM hai / uparyukta praznottaroM ke uparAnta anagAra gAMgeya ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ko yathArtharUpa se pahacAnA / aba unheM vizvAsa ho gayA ki vAstava meM bhagavAn sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI haiM / / isake bAda gAMgeya ne mahAvIra ko tripradakSiNApUrvaka vandana-namaskAra kiyA aura pArzvanAtha kI cAturyAmika dharmaparamparA se nikala kara ve mahAvIra kI pAJcamahAvratika paramparA meM praviSTa hue / anagAra gAMgeya ne dIrghakAla paryanta zramaNa-dharma kA ArAdhana kara anta meM nirvANa prApta kiyA / isake anantara bhagavAn mahAvIra vaizAlI padhAre aura varSA cAturmAsya vahI vyatIta kiyA / 1. bha0 za0 9, u0 32, pR0 439-455 /

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana 171 33. tetIsavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 480-479) zIta kAla meM bhagavAn ne magadha bhUmi kI ora vihAra kiyA aura aneka sthAnoM meM dharmadezanA karate hue rAjagRha ke guNazIla vana meM padhAre / anyatIrthikoM kI mAnyatA ke saMbandha meM gautama ke prazna una dinoM guNazIla udyAna meM aneka anyatIrthika rahate the aura apane apane mata kA pratipAdana karate hue dUsare ke matoM kA khaNDana karate the / anyatIrthikoM kI mAnyatA ke viSaya meM bhagavAn kA abhiprAya jAnane ke liye gautama ne jo prazna kiye aura mahAvIra ne unake jo uttara diye, ve nIce diye jAte haiN| zruta aura zIla ke viSaya meM gautama ne pUchA-bhagavan ! kucha anyatIrthika kahate haiM zIla (sadAcAra) zreSTha hai, dUsare kahate haiM zruta (jJAna) zreSTha hai, tIsare kahate haiM zIla aura zruta pratyeka zreSTha hai / bhagavan ! yaha kaise ? mahAvIra-gautama ! anyatIrthikoM kA yaha kathana ThIka nahIM hai / isa viSaya meM merA kathana isa prakAra hai puruSa cAra prakAra ke hote haiM kucha zIla-saMpanna hI hote haiM, zrutasaMpanna nahIM hote / kucha zruta-saMpanna hote haiM, zIla-saMpanna nahIM / kucha zIlasaMpanna bhI hote haiM aura zruta-saMpanna bhI / kucha zIla-saMpanna nahIM hote aura zrutasaMpanna bhI nahIM hote / inameM jo zIlavAn hai para zrutavAn nahIM arthAt pApapravRtti se dUra rahanevAlA hai para dharma kA jJAtA nahIM, usako maiM dezArAdhaka (dharma ke aMza kA ArAdhaka) kahatA hU~ / jo zIlavAn nahIM para zrutavAn hai arthAt pApapravRtti se dUra nahIM huA para zruta jJAnI hai, usako maiM deza-virAdhaka (aMza se dharma kA bAdhaka) kahatA hU~ aura jo zIlavAn aura zrutavAn (pApa mArga se nivRtta aura dharma kA jJAtA hai) use maiM sarvArAdhaka (saMpUrNa dharma kA sAdhaka) kahatA

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172 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra hU~ / jo na zIlavAn hai na zrutavAn use maiM sarvavirAdhaka kahatA hU~ / jIva aura jIvAtmA ke viSaya meM gautama ne kahA-bhagavan ! anyatIrthika yaha kahate haiM ki prANihiMsA, mRSAvAda, caurya, maithuna, saMgrahecchA, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, rAga, dveSa, kalaha, abhyAkhyAna, paizunya, harSa, zoka, paranindA, mAyA-mRSA aura mithyAtva Adi duSTa bhAvoM meM pravRtti karanevAle prANI kA 'jIva' judA hai aura usakA 'jIvAtmA' judA / isI prakAra ina duSTa bhAvoM kA tyAga karake dharma mArga meM calanevAle prANI kA bhI 'jIva' anya hai aura 'jIvAtmA' anya / jo autpattikI, pAriNAmikI Adi buddhiyoMvAlA hai usakA jIva judA hai aura jIvAtmA judA / padArtha-jJAna, tarka, nizcaya aura avadhAraNa karanevAle kA jIva anya hai aura jIvAtmA anya / jo utthAna aura parAkrama karanevAlA hai usakA bhI jIva anya hai aura jIvAtmA anya / yahI nahIM nAraka, deva aura tiryagjAtIya pazu-pakSI Adi dehadhAriyoM kA bhI jIva anya hai aura jIvAtmA anya / jJAnAvaraNIyAdi karmavAn, kRSNalezyAdi lezyavAn, samyagdRSTi, mithyAdRSTi, darzanavAn aura jJAnavAn ina sabakA jIva anya hai aura jIvAtmA anya / bhagavan ! anyatIrthikoM kI isa mAnyatA ke viSaya meM kyA samajhanA cAhiye ? mahAvIra-gautama ! anyatIrthikoM kI yaha mAnyatA mithyA hai / isa viSaya meM merA mata yaha hai ki pUrvokta hiMsA, mRSAvAdAdi meM pravRtti aura nivRtti karanevAle prANI kA 'jIva' aura 'jIvAtmA' eka hI padArtha hai / jo 'jIva' hai vahI 'jIvAtmA'2 hai / kevalI kI bhASA ke saMbaMdha meM gautama ne pUchA-bhagavan ! anyatIrthika loga kahate haiM ki yakSAveza se 1. bha0 za0 8, u0 10, pR0 417 / 2. bha0 za0 17, u0 2, pa0 723-724 /

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tIrthaMkara - jIvana 173 paravaza hokara kabhI kevalI bhI mRSA athavA satyamRSA bhASA bolate haiM, yaha kaise ? kyA kevalI ukta do prakAra kI bhASA bolate haiM ? mahAvIra -- anyatIrthikoM kA ukta kathana mithyA hai / isa saMbaMdha meM merA kahanA yaha hai ki na kabhI kevalI ko yakSAveza hotA hai aura na ve mRSA athavA satyamRSA bhASA bolate haiM / kevalI asAvadya aura apIDaka satya athavA asatyAmRSA bhASA bolate haiM / rAjagRha se bhagavAn campA kI tarapha vicare aura pRSThacampA meM piThara, gAli Adi kI dIkSAyeM huIM / vahA~ se bhagavAn vApasa guNazIla caitya meM padhAre / una dinoM guNazIla caitya ke nikaTa kAlodAyI, zailodAyI, zaivAlodAyI, udaka, nAmodaka, annapAla, zaivAla, zaMkhapAla, suhasti aura gAthApati Adi aneka anyatIrthika rahate the / zramaNopAsaka madduka aura kAlodAyI kI tattvacarcA eka samaya ve zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIraprarUpita paJcAstikAya viSayaka carcA karate hue bole-- zramaNa jJAtaputra dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, jIvAstikAya aura pudgalAstikAya ina pA~ca 'astikAyoM' kI prarUpaNA karate haiM aura ina pA~ca meM se 'jIvAstikAya' ko ve 'jIvakAya' kahate haiM aura zeSa cAroM ko 'ajIvakAya', phira ve dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya aura jIvAstikAya ina cAra astikAyoM ko 'arUpikAya' batAte haiM aura eka pudgalAstikAya ko 'rUpikAya / ' Aryo ! zramaNa jJAtaputra kA yaha nirUpaNa kyA satya hai ? isa kathana meM vAstavikatA kyA honI cAhiye ? jisa samaya anyatIrthika ukta carcA kara rahe the, usake pahale hI bhagavAn ke Agamana ke samAcAra rAjagRha meM pahu~ca cuke the aura bhAvika nAgarikagaNa vandana namaskAra aura dharmazravaNa ke lie guNazIla caitya kI tarapha jA rahe the / una nAgarikagaNoM meM eka madduka nAmaka zramaNopAsaka bhI thA / 1. bha0 za0 18, u0 7, pa0 749 / For Private Personal Use Only

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174 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra maddaka mahAvIra kA bhakta aura jina-pravacana kA jJAtA gRhastha thA / vaha paidala mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa meM jA rahA thA / kAlodAyI Adi anyatIrthika baiThe hue mahAvIra ke paJcAstikAya kI carcA kara rahe the ki madduka vahA~ se hokara gujarA / use dekhate hI ve eka dUsare ko saMbodhana karate hue boledevAnupriyo ! dekhiye yaha zramaNopAsaka jA rahA hai, calie hama isa viSaya meM ise pUche / yaha jJAtaputra ke tattvoM kA khAsA abhyAsI hai / yaha kahate hue ve maduka ke pAsa gaye aura use rokakara bole-he madduka ! tere dharmAcArya dharmopadezaka zramaNa jJAtaputra pA~ca astikAyoM kA pratipAdana karate haiM aura unameM se kisIko jIva kahate haiM kisIko ajIva, kisIko rUpI batalAte haiM aura kisIko arUpI, so madduka ! terA isa viSaya meM kyA abhiprAya hai ? kyA tU ina dharmAstikAyAdi ko jAnatA aura dekhatA hai ? maDhuka-inake kAryoM se inakA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai, bAkI dharmAstikAyAdi padArtha arUpI hone se jAne aura dekhe nahIM jA sakate / __ anyatIrthika-aye madduka ! tU kaisA zramaNopAsaka hai jo apane dharmAcArya ke kahe hue dharmAstikAyAdi padArthoM ko jAnatA aura dekhatA nahIM hai ? maduka-AyuSmAno ! havA calatI hai, yaha bAta satya hai ? anyatIrthika-hA~, havA calatI hai, para isase kyA ? maDhuka-AyuSmAno ! tuma havA kA raMga-rUpa dekhate ho ? anyatIrthika-nahIM, havA kA rUpa dekhA nahIM jAtA / mahuka-AyuSmAno ! ghrANendriya ke sAtha sparza karanevAle gandha ke paramANu hote haiM ? anyatIrthika-hA~, ghrANendriya kA viSaya gaMdha ke paramANu hote haiM / maDhuka-AyuSmAno ! tuma ghrANendriya kA sparza karanevAle gandha ke paramANuoM kA rUpa dekhate ho ? anyatIrthika-nahIM, gandha ke paramANuoM kA rUpa dekhA nahIM jAtA /

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tIrthakara-jIvana 175 maDhuka-AyuSmAno ! araNi-sahagata agni hotI hai ? anyatIrthika-hA~, araNi-sahagata agni hotI hai / maDhuka-AyuSmAno ! tuma usa araNi-sahagata agni ke rUpa ko dekhate ho ? anyatIrthika-nahIM, tirohita hone se vaha dekhA nahIM jAtA / maDhuka-AyuSmAno ! samudra ke usa pAra koI rUpa hai ? anyatIrthika-hA~, samudra ke usa pAra kaI rUpa haiM / maDhuka-AyuSmAno ! samudra ke usa pAra ke rUpoM ko tuma dekhate ho ? anyatIrthika-nahIM, samudra ke usa pAra ke rUpa dekhe nahIM jA sakate / mahuka-AyuSmAno ! devalokagata rUpoM ko tuma dekha sakate ho ? anyatIrthika-nahIM, devalokagata rUpa dekhe nahIM jA sakate / mahuka-isI taraha he AyuSmAno ! maiM, tuma yA koI anya chadmastha manuSya jisa vastu ko dekha na sake vaha vastu hai hI nahIM, aisA nahIM ho sakatA / dRSTigata na honevAle padArthoM ko na mAnoge to tumheM bahuta se padArthoM ke astitva kA niSedha karanA par3egA / aura aisA karanepara tumheM adhikAMzaloka ke astitva kA bhI asvIkAra karanA par3egA / maddaka apanI yuktiyoM se anyatIrthikoM ko niruttara kara bhagavAn ke pAsa pahuMcA aura vandana namaskAra pUrvaka paryupAsanA karane lagA / maDhukane anyatIrthikoM ke kutarka kA jo vAstavika uttara diyA thA usakA anumodana karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-~madduka ! tUne anyatIrthikoM ko bahuta ThIka uttara diyA hai / kisI bhI prazna yA uttara meM binA samajhe sune nahIM bolanA cAhiye / jo manuSya binA samajhe loka samUha meM hetu-tarka kI carcA karatA hai athavA binA samajhe kisI bAta kA pratipAdana karatA hai vaha arhanta kevalI kI tathA unake dharma kI AzAtanA karatA hai /

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176 madduka ! tUne jo kahA hai vaha ThIka, ucita aura yauktika hai / bhagavAn ke mukha se apanI prazaMsA suna kara madduka bahuta saMtuSTa huA aura anyAnya dharma- carcA kara vaha apane sthAna para gayA / mahuka ke cale jAne ke bAda gautama ne pUchA- bhagavan ! madduka zramaNopAsaka Apake pAsa nirgrantha- zrAmaNya dhAraNa karane kI yogyatA rakhatA hai ? zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra mahAvIra -- gautama ! madduka hamAre pAsa pravrajyA lene meM samartha nahIM hai / madduka gRhasthAzrama meM rahakara dezavirati gRhastha dharma kI ArAdhanA karegA aura anta meM samAdhipUrvaka AyuSya pUrNa kara 'aruNAbha' deva vimAna meM deva hogA aura vahA~ se phira manuSya janma pAkara saMsAra se mukta hogA' / isa sAla kA varSAvAsa bhagavAn ne rAjagRha meM kiyA / 34. cautIsavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 479-478) hemanta Rtu meM rAjagRha se mahAvIra ne bAhara ke pradeza meM vihAra kiyA. aura aneka grAma-nagaroM meM nirgrantha pravacana kA pracAra kiyA / grISmakAla meM bhagavAn phira rAjagRha padhAre aura guNazIla caitya meM vAsa kiyA / anagAra indrabhUti gautama eka dina rAjagRha se bhikSA lekara bhagavAn ke pAsa guNazIla caitya meM jA rahe the, usa samaya guNazIla caitya ke mArga meM kAlodAyI, zailodAyI prabhRti anyatIrthika mahAvIra prarUpita paJcAstikAyoM kI carcA kara rahe the / gautama ko dekha kara ve eka dUsare ko saMbodhana kara boledevAnupriyo ! hama dharmAstikAyAdi ke viSaya meM hI carcA kara rahe haiM / dekho ye zramaNa jJAtaputra ke ziSya gautama bhI A gaye / caliye isa viSaya meM hama gautama ko pUcheM / yaha kaha kara kAlodAyI, zailodAyI, zaivAlodAyI pramukha anyatIrthika gautama ke pAsa pahu~ce aura unheM ThaharA kara bole--- he gautama ! 1. bha0 za0 18, u0 7, pa0 750-751 / For Private Personal Use Only

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177 tIrthaMkara-jIvana tamhAre dharmAcArya dharmopadezaka zramaNa jJAtaputra dharmAstikAya Adi pA~ca astikAyoM kI prarUpaNA karate haiN| inameM se cAra ko ve 'ajIvakAya' kahate haiM aura eka ko 'jIvakAya' tathA cAra ko 'arUpikAya' kahate haiM aura eka ko 'rUpikAya' / isa viSaya meM kyA samajhanA cAhiye, gautama ? isa astikAya saMbandhI prarUpaNA kA rahasya kyA hai, gautama ? ___ gautama-devAnupriyo ! hama 'astitva' meM nAstitva nahIM kahate aura 'nAstitva' meM astitva nahIM kahate / hama asti ko asti aura nAsti ko nAsti kahate haiM / he devAnupriyo ! isa viSaya meM tuma svayaM vicAra karo jisase ki isakA rahasya samajha sako / anyatIrthikoM ke prazna kA rahasyapUrNa uttara dekara gautama mahAvIra ke pAsa cale gaye, para kAlodAyI gautama ke uttara kA rahasya nahIM samajha pAyA / pariNAmasvarUpa vaha svayaM gautama ke pIche pIche bhagavAn ke pAsa pahu~cA / mahAvIra usa samaya sabhA meM dharmadezanA kara rahe the / prasaMga Ate hI unhoMne kAlodAyI ko saMbodhana kara ke kahA--kAlodAyin ! tumhArI maNDalI meM mere paJcAstikAyanirUpaNa kI carcA calI ? kAlodAyI-jI hA~, Apa paJcAstikAya kI prarUpaNA karate haiM yaha bAta hama ne jaba se sunI hai taba se prasaMgavaza isa para carcA huA karatI hai / __ mahAvIra-kAlodAyin ! yaha bAta satya hai ki maiM paJcAstikAya kI prarUpaNA karatA huuN| yaha bhI satya hai ki cAra astikAyoM ko 'ajIvakAya' aura eka ko 'jIvakAya' tathA cAra ko 'arUpikAya' aura eka ko 'rUpikAya' mAnatA huuN| kAlodAyI---bhagavan ! Apake mAne hue ina dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya athavA jIvAstikAya para koI so, baiTha yA khar3A raha sakatA hai ? mahAvIra--yaha nahIM ho sakatA kAlodAyin ! ina dharmAstikAyAdi arUpikAya para sonA-baiThanA yA calanA-phiranA nahIM ho sakatA / ye saba kriyAe~ kevala eka pudgalAstikAya para, jo ki rUpI aura ajIvakAya hai, zramaNa. 12

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178 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ho sakatI haiM, anyatra kahIM nahIM / ___ kAlodAyI-bhagavan ! pudgalAstikAya meM jIvoM ke duSTa-vipAka pApa karma kiye jAte haiM ? mahAvIra-nahIM kAlodAyin ! aisA nahIM hotA / / kAlodAyI-bhagavan ! isa jIvAstikAya meM duSTa-vipAka pApa karma kiye jAte haiM ? mahAvIra-hA~ kAlodAyin ! kisI bhI prakAra ke karma jIvAstikAya meM hI kiye jAte haiM / paJcAstikAya viSayaka praznoM kA savistara uttara de kara bhagavAn ne kAlodAyI ke saMzaya ko dUra kiyA / phalasvarUpa kAlodAyI kA citta nirgrantha pravacana sunane ko utkaNThita huA / bhagavAn ko vandana kara vaha bolAbhagavan ! maiM vizeSa prakAra se ApakA pravacana sunanA cAhatA huuN| bhagavAn ne kAlodAyI ko lakSya kara ke nirgrantha pravacana kA upadeza diyA jise suna kara vaha Apa ke pAsa nirgrantha mArga meM dIkSita ho gayA / kAlodAyI anagAra kramazaH nirgrantha pravacana ke ekAdazAGga sUtroM kA adhyayana kara pravacana ke rahasya ke jJAtA hue' / / indrabhUti gautama aura pArkhApatya udakapeDhAla kA saMvAda rAjagRha nagara se IzAna dizA meM dhanavAnoM ke saikar3oM prAsAdoM se suzobhita nAlandA nAmaka eka samRddha upanagara thA / yahA~ 'leva' nAmaka eka dhanADhya gRhastha rahatA thA jo nirgrantha pravacana kA anuyAyI aura jaina zramaNoM kA parama bhakta thA / nAlaMdA ke uttara-pUrva dizA bhAga meM ukta leva zramaNopAsaka kI 'zeSadravikA' nAma kI udakazAlA aura usake pAsa hI 'hastiyAma' nAmaka udyAna thA / 1. bha0 za0 7, u0 10, pR0 323-324 /

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana 179 eka samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra hastiyAma meM Thahare hue the ki zeSadravikA ke pAsa indrabhUti ko metArya gotrIya peDhAlaputra udaka nAmaka eka pArkhApatya nirgrantha mile aura gautama ko saMbodhana kara bole-gautama ! tumase kucha pUchanA hai / AyuSmAn ! mere praznoM kA upapattipUrvaka uttara dIjiyegA / gautama-pUchiye / udaka-AyuSman gautama ! tumhAre pravacana kA upadeza karanevAle kumAraputrIya zramaNa apane pAsa niyama lene ko taiyAra hue zramaNopAsaka ko isa prakAra pratyAkhyAna karAte haiM "rAjAjJA Adi kAraNa se kisI gRhastha athavA cora ke bA~dhane chor3ane ke atirikta maiM trasajIvoM kI hiMsA nahIM karU~gA / ' Arya ! isa prakAra kA pratyAkhyAna duSpratyAkhyAna hai / jo aisA pratyAkhyAna karAte haiM ve duSpratyAkhyAna karAte haiM / isa prakAra kA pratyAkhyAna karane aura karAnevAle apanI pratijJA meM aticAra lagAte haiM kyoMki prANI saMsArI haiM / sthAvara mara kara trasarUpa meM utpanna hote haiM aura trasa mara kara sthAvara rUpa meM bhI utpanna ho jAte haiM / isa prakAra jo jIva 'trasarUpa' meM 'aghAtya' the ve hI sthAvararUpa meM utpanna hone ke bAda 'ghAtya' ho jAte haiM / isa kAraNa pratyAkhyAna isa prakAra savizeSaNa karanA aura karAnA cAhiye 'rAjAjJA Adi kAraNa se kisI gRhastha athavA cora ke bA~dhane chor3ane ke atirikta maiM trasabhUta jIvoM kI hiMsA nahIM karU~gA / ' isa prakAra 'bhUta' isa vizeSaNa ke sAmarthya se ukta doSApatti Tala jAtI hai / isa para bhI jo krodha athavA lobha se dUsaroM ko nirvizeSaNa pratyAkhyAna karAte haiM vaha 'nyAyya' nahIM hai| kyoM gautama ! merI yaha bAta tumako ThIka a~catI hai ki nahIM ? gautama-AyuSman udaka ! tumhArI bAta mere dila meM ThIka nahIM baiThatI / merI rAya meM aisA karanevAle zramaNa-brAhmaNa yathArtha bhASA nahIM bolate, ve anutApinI bhASA bolate haiM aura zramaNa tathA brAhmaNoM ke Upara jhUThA Aropa

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180 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra lagAte haiM / yahIM nahIM, balki prANI-vizeSa kI hiMsA ko chor3anevAloM ko bhI ve doSI ThaharAte haiM kyoMki prANI saMsArI haiM, ve trasa miTa kara sthAvara hote haiM aura sthAvara miTa kara trasa / phira ve trasakAya se nikala kara sthAvara meM jAte haiM aura sthAvarakAya se trasa meM / saMsArI jIvoM kI yaha sthiti hai / isa vAste jaba ve trasakAya meM utpanna hote haiM taba trasa kahalAte haiM aura tabhI trasa hiMsA kA jisane pratyAkhyAna kiyA hai usa ke lie ve 'aghAtya' hote haiM / isaliye pratyAkhyAna meM 'bhUta' vizeSaNa jor3ane kI jarUrata nahIM hai / udaka-AyuSman gautama ! tuma 'trasa' kA artha kyA karate ho ? 'trasaprANa so trasa' yaha athavA dUsarA ? gautama-AyuSman udaka ! jina jIvoM ko tuma 'trasabhUtaprANa' kahate ho unhIMko hama 'trasaprANa' kahate haiM / aura jinheM hama 'trasaprANa' kahate haiM unhIMko tuma 'trasabhUtaprANa' kahate ho / ye donoM tulyArthaka haiM, parantu Arya udaka ! tumhAre vicAra meM ina do meM 'trasabhUtaprANa trasa' yaha vyutpatti nirdoSa hai aura 'trasaprANa trasa' yaha sadoSa / AyuSman ! jinameM vAstavika bheda nahIM hai aise do vAkyoM meM se eka kA khaNDana karanA aura dUsare kA maNDana yaha kyA nyAyya hai ? he udaka ! kitane aise bhI manuSya hote haiM jo kahate haiM ki hama gRha tyAga kara zrAmaNya dhAraNa karane meM samartha nahIM haiM / abhI hama zrAvaka dharma svIkAra karate haiM, kramaza: cAritra kA bhI sparza kareMge / ve apanI aviratimaya pravRttiyoM ko maryAdita karate hue pratijJA karate haiM ki 'rAjAjJA Adi kAraNa se gRhapati athavA cora ke bA~dhane chor3ane ke atirikta hama trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA nahIM kareMge / ' yaha pratijJA bhI unake kuzala kA hI kAraNa hai / / Arya udaka ! 'trasa mara kara sthAvara hote haiM ataH trasahiMsA ke pratyAkhyAnI ke hAtha se unakI hiMsA hone para usake pratyAkhyAna kA bhaMga ho jAtA hai' yaha tumhArA kathana ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki 'vasa nAmakarma' ke udaya se hI jIva 'trasa' kahalAte haiM, parantu jaba unakA trasagati kA AyuSya kSINa ho jAtA hai aura trasakAya kI sthiti ko chor3a kara ve sthAvarakAya meM jAkara

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana 181 utpanna hote haiM taba unameM sthAvara nAmakarma kA udaya hotA hai aura ve 'sthAvarakAyika' kahalAte haiM / isI taraha sthAvara kAyakA AyuSya pUrNa kara jaba ve trasakAya meM utpanna hote haiM taba trasa bhI kahalAte haiM, prANa bhI kahalAte haiM / unakA zarIra bar3A hotA hai aura AyuSyasthiti bhI laMbI hotI hai / udaya-AyuSman gautama ! taba to aisA koI paryAya hI nahIM milegA jo tyAjya-hiMsA kA viSaya ho aura jaba hiMsA kA koI viSaya hI nahIM rahegA taba zrAvaka kisakI hiMsA kA pratyAkhyAna karegA ? kyoMki jIva saMsArI haiM ve sabhI sthAvara miTakara basa ho jAe~ge aura sabhI trasa miTa kara sthAvara bhI / aba yadi saba jIva trasa miTakara sthAvara ho jAyeM to zramaNopAsaka kA 'trasahiMsA-pratyAkhyAna' kisa prakAra nibha sakegA ? kyoMki jinakI hiMsA kA usane pratyAkhyAna kiyA thA ve saba jIva sthAvara ho gaye haiM ata: unakI hiMsA vaha TAla nahIM sakatA / gautama-AyuSman udaya ! hamAre mata se kabhI aisA hotA hI nahIM ki saba sthAvara trasa athavA saba sa sthAvara ho jAyeM / thor3I dera ke liye tumhArA kathana pramANa mAna liyA jAya taba bhI zramaNopAsaka ke trasahiMsA-pratyAkhyAna meM bAdha nahIM AtA kyoMki sthAvara-paryAya kI hiMsA meM usakA vrata khaNDita nahIM hotA aura saparyAya meM vaha vrata adhika trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA ko TAlatA hai / Arya udaya ! adhika trasajIvoM kI hiMsA se nivRtta honevAle zramaNopAsaka ke lie 'usake kisI bhI paryAya kI hiMsA kA pratyAkhyAna nahIM hai' yaha tumhArA kathana kyA ucita hai ? AyuSman ! isa prakAra nirgrantha pravacana meM matabheda khar3A karanA nyAyya nahIM hai| isa samaya pArkhApatya anya sthavira bhI vahA~ A gaye jinheM dekha kara gautama ne kahA-Arya udaya ! lo, isa viSaya meM tumhAre sthavira nirgranthoM ko hI pUcha leM / he AyuSman nirgrantho ! isa saMsAra meM kitane hI aise manuSya hote haiM jinakI pratijJA hotI hai ki 'jo ye anagAra sAdhu haiM inako jIvanaparyanta nahIM mArU~gA / ' bAda meM unameM se koI sAdhu cAra pA~ca varSa yA jyAdA kama

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182 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra samaya vihAracaryA meM rahakara phira gRhavAsa meM calA jAya aura sAdhuhiMsApratyAkhyAnI gRhastha gRhavAsa meM rahatA huA usa puruSa kI hiMsA kare to kyA sAdhu ko na mArane kI usakI pratijJA kA bhaMga hogA ? nirgrantha sthavira-- nahIM, isase pratijJA bhaMga na hogA ? gautama -- nirgrantho ! isI prakAra sakAya kI hiMsA kA tyAgI zramaNopAsaka sthAvarakAya kI hiMsA karatA huA bhI apane pratyAkhyAna kA bhaMga nahIM karatA, yahI jAnanA cAhiye / he nirgrantho ! koI gRhapati athavA gRhapatiputra dharma suna saMsAra se virakta hokara sarvasAvadya kA tyAgI zramaNa ho jAya to usa samaya vaha sarva prakAra kI hiMsA kA tyAgI kahA jAyagA ki nahIM ? nirgrantha- hA~, usa samaya vaha sarvathA hiMsAtyAgI hI kahA jAyagA / gautama ---- vahI sAdhu cAra pA~ca athavA adhika kama samaya taka zrAmaNya - paryAya pAla kara phira gRhastha ho jAya to vaha sarvathA hiMsAtyAgI kahA jAyagA ? nirgrantha-- nahIM, gRhavAsI hone ke bAda vaha sarvahiMsA - tyAgI zramaNa nahIM kahalA sakatA / gautama -- vahI yaha jIva hai jo pahale saba jIvoM kI hiMsA kA tyAgI thA, para aba vaisA nahIM rahA kyoMki pahale vaha saMyamI thA para aba asaMyata hai / isI taraha trasakAya meM se sthAvarakAya meM gayA huA jIva 'sthAvara' hai 'trasa' nahIM, yaha jAnanA cAhiye / nirgrantho ! koI parivrAjaka yA parivrAjikA anya mata se nikala kara nirgrantha pravacana meM praveza karake zramaNadharma ko svIkAra kara nirgrantha-mArga meM vicare to usake sAtha nirgrantha zramaNa AhAra pAnI AdikA vyavahAra kareMge ? nirgrantha -- hA~, usake sAtha AhAra- pAnI Adi kA vyavahAra karane meM koI hAni nahIM hai / For Private Personal Use Only

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana 183 gautama-nirgrantho ! yadi vaha zramaNa banA huA parivrAjaka gRhastha ho jAya to usake sAtha bhojanAdi vyavahAra kiyA jAyagA ? nirgrantha-nahIM, phira usake sAtha vaisA koI bhI vyavahAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / gautama-nirgrantho ! vahI yaha jIva hai jisake sAtha pahale bhojana kiyA jA sakatA thA, para aba nahIM kiyA jA sakatA kyoMki pahale vaha zramaNa thA, para aba vaisA nahIM hai| isI taraha basa meM se sthAvarakAya meM gayA huA jIva trasahiMsA-pratyAkhyAnI ke pratyAkhyAna kA viSaya nahIM hai, yahI samajhanA cAhiye / upayukta aneka dRSTAntoM se gautama ne nirgrantha udaya kI 'trasa mara kara sthAvara ho aura vahA~ usakI hiMsA ho to zramaNopAsaka ke pratyAkhyAna kA bhaMga hotA hai' isa mAnyatA kA nirasana kiyA / 'saba jIva sthAvara ho jAyeMge taba trasa pratyAkhyAnI kA vrata nirviSaya hogA' isa prakAra ke udaya ke tarka kA khaNDana karate hue gautama ne kahAjo zramaNopAsaka dezavirati-dharma kA pAlana kara ke anta meM anazanapUrvaka samAdhimaraNa se marate haiM athavA jo zramaNopAsaka prathama vizeSa vrata-pratyAkhyAna kA pAlana nahIM kara sakate para anta meM anazanapUrvaka samAdhi-maraNa karate haiM, unakA maraNa kaisA samajhanA cAhiye ? nirgrantha-isa prakAra kA maraNa prazaMsanIya mAnA jAtA hai / gautama-jo jIva isa prakAra ke maraNa se marate haiM ve trasa-prANI ke rUpa meM hI utpanna hote haiM aura ye hI basa jIva zramaNopAsaka ke vrata ke viSaya ho sakate haiN| bahuta se manuSya mahAlobhI, mahArambhI aura parigrahadhArI adhArmika hote haiM jo apane azubha karmoM se phira azubhagatiyoM meM utpanna hote haiM / anArambhI sAdhu aura alpArambhI dhArmika manuSya mara kara zubha gatiyoM meM jAte haiM / AraNyaka, Avasathika, grAmaniyaMtrika aura rAhasika Adi tApasa mara kara bhavAntara meM asuroM kI gatiyoM meM utpanna hote haiM aura vahA~ se nikala kara phira manuSya gati meM gUMge bahare manuSya kA bhava pAte haiM / dIrghAyuSka, samAyuSka athavA alpAyuSka jIva mara kara phira trasarUpa meM utpanna hote haiM /

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ukta saba prakAra ke jIva yahA~ 'trasa' haiM aura mara kara phira trasa hote / ye sarva sajIva zramaNopAsaka ke vrata ke viSaya haiM / 184 kitane hI zramaNopAsaka adhika vrata niyama nahIM pAla sakate, phira bhI ve 'dezAvakAzika' vrata grahaNa karate haiM / amuka niyamita sImA se bAhara jAne Ane kA pratyAkhyAna karate haiM / unake vrata kA viSaya niyamita hada ke bAhara ke jIva to haiM hI, parantu hada ke bhItara bhI jo trasa jIva haiM, yA trasa mara kara phira sa hote haiM athavA sthAvara mara kara trasa hote haiM aura sthAvara jIva bhI jinakI nirarthaka hiMsA kA zramaNopAsaka tyAgI hotA hai, zramaNopAsaka ke vrata ke viSaya haiM / nirgrantho ! yaha bAta kadApi nahIM ho sakatI ki saba trasa jIva miTa kara sthAvara ho jAya~ athavA sthAvara miTa kara trasa / jaba saMsAra kI sthiti aisI hai to phira 'koI aisA paryAya nahIM jo zramaNopAsaka ke vrata kA viSaya ho' yaha kathana kyA ucita hogA ? aura aisI bAtoM ko lekara matabheda khar3A karanA kyA nyAyAnugata hai ? AyuSman udaya ! maitrI buddhi se bhI jo zramaNa-brAhmaNa ko nindA karatA hai vaha jJAna - darzana - cAritra ko pAkara bhI paraloka kI ArAdhanA meM vighna DAlatA hai / jo guNI zramaNa-brAhmaNa kI nindA na karake usako mitra bhAva se dekhatA hai vaha jJAna, darzana aura cAritra ko pAkara paraloka kA sudhAra karatA hai / gautama kA vistRta vivecana aura hitavacana suna kara nirgrantha udaya vahA~ se calane lagA taba gautama ne kahA- AyuSman udaya ! viziSTa zramaNa-brAhmaNa ke mukha se eka bhI Arya- dhArmika vacana suna kara apanI tIkSNa buddhi ke bala se yoga-kSema ko prApta karanevAlA manuSya usa AryadhArmika vacana ke upadeza kA deva kI taraha Adara karatA hai / udaya -- AyuSman gautama ! ina padoM kA mujhe pahale jJAna nahIM thA / isa kAraNa isa viSaya meM merA vizvAsa nahIM jamA / parantu aba ina padoM ko sunA aura samajhA hai / aba maiM isa viSaya meM zraddhA karatA hU~ / gautama--AyuSman udaya ! isa viSaya meM tumheM avazya hI zraddhA aura For Private Personal Use Only

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185 tIrthaMkara-jIvana ruci lAnA cAhiye / isake bAda nirgrantha udaya ne cAturyAma-dharma paramparA se nikala kara pAJcamahAvratika dharma mArga svIkAra karane kI apanI icchA vyakta kI aura gautama unakA anumodana karate hue apane sAtha unheM bhagavAn ke pAsa le gaye / bhagavAn mahAvIra ko vidhipUrvaka vandana namaskAra kara nirgrantha udaya ne kahA--bhagavan ! maiM Apake samIpa cAturyAma-dharma se pAJcamahAvratika dharma meM AnA cAhatA hU~ / mahAvIra ne kahA-devAnupriya ! tumheM jaise sukha ho vaise karo / isa kAma meM pratibandha yA pramAda karanA yogya nahIM / isake bAda nirgrantha udaya mahAvIra-prarUpita pAJcamahAvratika sapratikramaNa dharma kA svIkAra kara mahAvIra ke zramaNasaMgha meM sammilita ho gaye / isa varSa jAli, mayAli Adi aneka anagAroM ne vipulAcala para anazana kara deha chor3A / varSA cAturmAsya nAlandA meM kiyA / 35. paiMtIsavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 477-476) varSA Rtu kI samApti hote hI bhagavAn ne nAlandA se vihAra kiyA aura pratyeka grAma tathA nagara meM dharma kA pracAra karate hue Apa videha kI rAjadhAnI ke nikaTastha vANIyagrAma padhAre / sudarzana zreSThI kI pravrajyA vANiyagrAma gaMDakI nadI ke taTa para basA huA eka vyApArika kendra thA / yahA~ bar3e-bar3e vyApAriyoM kI koThiyA~ aura mAla ke godAma bane hue the / isa grAma meM aneka dhanADhya jaina gRhastha rahate the jinameM eka kA nAma sudarzana thA / - - - -..-..--.-----..--.-- -.--.------- ------------ ---- - - -- -- 1. sUtrakRtAGga zrutaskandha 2, nAlaMdIyAdhyayana 7, 50 406--425 /

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186 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra bhagavAn ke vANiya grAma ke bAhara dUtipalAsa caitya meM padhArate hI nagara meM samAcAra pahu~ca gaye aura nagaranivAsiyoM kA samudAya dUtipalAsa meM ikaTThA hone lagA / hajAroM manuSya Aye, darzana vandana kiyA aura dharmopadeza sunakara apane-apane ghara lauTa gaye / sabhA visarjita hone ke bAda zreSThI sudarzana ne bhagavAn se kAlaviSayaka aneka prazna pUche / kAla kitane prakAra kA hotA hai ? pramANa-kAla kitane prakAra kA hotA hai ? pramANa-kAla, yathAyuSka-nirvRttikAla, maraNakAla aura addhAkAla kA kyA svarUpa hai ? palyopama aura sAgaropamoM kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? palyopama tathA sAgaropama kAla kA bhI kSaya hotA hai ki nahIM ? ityAdi sudarzana ne aneka prazna kiye jinake bhagavAn ne spaSTa uttara die / ___ anta meM bhagavAn ne sudarzana ke pUrvabhavoM kA nirUpaNa karate hue kahA-sudarzana ! prapUrva bhava meM terA jIva mahAbala nAmaka rAjakumAra thA / mahAbala ne gRhasthAzrama kA tyAga kara zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA lI aura arase taka zrAmaNya pAlane ke uparAnta AyuSya pUrNa kara brahmadevaloka meM dasa sAgaropama kI AyuSyasthitivAlA deva huA / vahI mahAbala kA jIva brahmadevaloka kI AyuSya sthiti pUrI kara manuSyaloka meM Akara tU sudarzana zreSThI huA hai| prapUrva bhava meM tere jIva ne jo zramaNa dharma kA ArAdhana kiyA thA usI ke saMskAravaza isa janma meM bhI tU sthaviroM ke mukha se dharma sunatA aura usapara zraddhA karatA hai / ___ bhagavAn ke mukha se apane pUrva bhava kA vRttAnta sunate hI sudarzana ko jAtismaraNajJAna huA / isase vaha svayaM apane pUrva bhava kA vRttAnta jAnane lagA / jaba sudarzana ne apanA pUrvabhava dekhA taba usake netra harSA zruoM se bhara gaye, hRdayagata vairAgya dviguNita ho gayA / vaha bhagavAn ko vandana kara bolAsatya hai bhagavan ! ApakA kathana yathArtha hai / zreSThI sudarzana ne usI samavasaraNa meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke hAtha se

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187 tIrthakara-jIvana nirgrantha zramaNa dharma kI pravrajyA aMgIkAra kara lI / anagAra sudarzana ne kramaza: caudaha pUrvazruta kA adhyayana kiyA aura bAraha varSa taka zrAmaNya pAla kara nirvANa pada pAyA' / zramaNopAsaka Ananda kA avadhijJAna ___bhagavAn kI AjJA le gaNadhara gautama bhikSAcaryA karane vANiyagrAma gaye aura paryApta AhAra lekara dUtipalAsa ko lauTa rahe the ki bIca meM kollAga saMniveza ke pAsa unhoMne janapravAda sunA-devAnupriyo ! Ajakala kollAga saMniveza meM zramaNopAsaka Ananda, jo bhagavAn mahAvIra ke gRhastha ziSya haiM, mAraNAntika anazana svIkAra kara darbha kI pathArI para so rahe haiM / janapravAda suna kara gautama ne socA-zramaNopAsaka Ananda anazana kie hue AkhirI sthiti meM haiM / maiM una se milatA jAU~ / ve kollAga saMniveza meM Ananda kI pauSadhazAlA meM gaye / gautama ko dekhate hI Ananda ne unheM namaskAra kiyA aura bole-bhagavan ! maiM anazana ke kAraNa atizaya kamajora huuN| Apa jarA idhara padhAriye tAki Apake caraNoM meM natamastaka hokara vandana kara lU~ / gautama nikaTa gaye aura Ananda ne vidhipUrvaka vandana kiyA / prAsaMgika vArtAlApa ke anantara Ananda ne pUchA-bhagavan ! ghara meM raha kara gRhastha dharma kA pAlana karate hue gRhastha zrAvaka ko avadhijJAna utpanna ho sakatA hai ? gautama-hA~ Ananda ! gRhastha dharma kA ArAdhana karate hue zramaNopAsaka ko avadhijJAna utpanna ho sakatA hai / / Ananda-bhagavan ! gRhastha dharma kA ArAdhana karate hue mujhe bhI avadhijJAna utpanna huA hai jisase maiM pUrva-dakSiNa-pazcima-lavaNa samudra meM pA~ca sau yojana, uttara meM kSudrahimavadvarSadhara, Upara saudharmakalpa aura nIce lolaccua nAmaka narakAvAsa taka rUpI padArthoM ko jAnatA tathA dekhatA hU~ / 1. bha0 za0 11, u0 11, pa0 532-549 /

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188 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra gautama-Ananda ! zramaNopAsaka ko avadhijJAna hotA avazya hai para vaha itanA dUragrAhI nahIM hotA jitanA ki tuma batalA rahe ho / Arya ! isa bhrAnta kathana kA tumheM AlocanApUrvaka prAyazcitta karanA cAhiye / Ananda-bhagavan ! kyA jaina pravacana meM satya prarUpaNa karane meM bhI prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai ? gautama-nahIM Ananda ! aisA nahIM hai / Ananda-taba to bhagavan ! Apa hI prAyazcitta kIjiye kyoMki Apane hI mere kathana kA prativAda karate hue asatya prarUpaNA kI hai| Ananda kI isa bAta se gautama ke hRdaya meM gaharI zaMkA utpanna ho gaI / ve dUtipalAsa gaye aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa jAkara bhikSAcaryA kI AlocanA ke uparAnta Ananda ke viSaya meM pUchA-bhagavan ! isa viSaya meM Ananda ko AlocanA-prAyazcitta karanA cAhiye yA mujhe ? ___ bhagavAn gautama ! isa viSaya meM tumhIM ko prAyazcitta karanA cAhiye aura Ananda se kSamA prArthanA karanI cAhiye / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI AjJA pAte hI gautama Ananda ke pAsa gaye aura apanI bhUla kA mithyAduSkRta kara ke Ananda se kSamA prArthanA kI / isa sAla kA varSA cAturmAsya bhagavAn ne vaizAlI meM vyatIta kiyA / 36. chattIsavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 477-476) cAturmAsya samApta hone para bhagavAn ne vaizAlI se kozalabhUmi kI tarapha prayANa kiyA aura pratyeka grAma aura nagara meM nirgrantha pravacana kA upadeza karate hue sAketa nagara pahu~ce / koTivarSa nagara ke kirAtarAja kI pravrajyA sAketa kozalabhUmi ke prasiddha nagaroM meM se eka thA / vahA~ kA 1. upAsakadazA, adhyayana 1, pa0 1-19 /

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tIrthaMkara - jIvana 189 rahanevAlA jinadeva zrAvaka dizAyAtrA karatA huA koTivarSa nAmaka nagara meM pahu~cA / una dinoM vaha mlecchoM kA deza thA / koTivarSa kA rAjA kirAta thA / vyavahArArtha Aye hue sArthavAha jinadeva ne kirAtarAja ko aise vastra, maNi aura ratna bheMTa kie jo anya kisI ke koSa meM nahIM the / adRSTapUrva vastuoM ko pAkara kirAtarAja bolA- ahA ! kyA sundara ratna haiM ! bhalA aise ratna kahA~ utpanna hote haiM ! jinadeva -- ye aura inase bhI bar3hAyA ratna hamAre deza meM utpanna hote haiM / kirAtarAja -- icchA to yaha hotI hai ki maiM svayaM tumhAre deza meM cala kara ratnoM ko dekhU~, parantu maiM tumhAre rAjA se DaratA hU~ / jinadeva - hamAre rAjA se Apa ko Darane kI koI bAta nahIM hai / phira bhI Apa cAheM to maiM unakI AjJA ma~gavA lU~ / yaha kaha kara jinadevane isa bAre meM apane rAjA ko patra dvArA pUchA jisake uttara meM sAketarAja ne likhA ki kirAtarAja ke Ane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai / sAketarAja kI AjJA pAkara kirAtarAja jinadeva ke sAtha sAketa gayA aura usI kA atithi hokara rahA / isa avasara para bhagavAn mahAvIra sAketa ke udyAna meM padhAre / pavanavega se nagara meM bhagavAn ke Agamana ke samAcAra pahu~ce / sAketarAja zatruJjaya saparivAra mahotsavapUrvaka bhagavAn ke pAsa gayA / nAgarikagaNa bhI apane apane kuTumba - parivAra ke sAtha bhagavAn ke samavasaraNa meM jAne ke lie udyata hue / yaha cahala-pahala dekhakara kirAtarAja bolA- sArthavAha ! ye saba kahA~ jA rahe haiM ? jinadeva -- rAjan ! Aja yahA~ para vaha ratnoM kA vyApArI AyA hai jo saMsAra ke sabase bar3hiyA ratnoM kA mAlika hai / kirAtarAja -- mitra ! taba to bahuta hI acchA huA / hama bhI caleM aura bar3hiyA se bar3hiyA ratnoM ko dekha leM / yaha kaha kara kirAtarAja jinadeva ke For Private Personal Use Only

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190 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra sAtha bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dharmasabhA meM pahu~cA / bhagavAn ke chatrAtichatra aura siMhAsanAdi divya prAtihAryo ko dekhakara kirAtarAja cakita ho gayA / usane ratnoM ke bheda aura unake mUlya ke saMbandha meM kucha prazna kie jinake uttara meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA -- devAnupriya ! ratna do prakAra ke hote haiM - eka bhAva - ratna aura dUsare dravya - ratna / bhAva - ratnoM ke mukhya tIna bheda haiM-darzana ratna, jJAna ratna aura cAritra ratna / bhAvaratnatrayI kA vistRta varNana karake bhagavAn ne pharamAyA ki ye aise prabhAvazAlI ratna haiM jo dhAraka kI pratiSThA bar3hAne ke uparAnta usake ihaloka - paraloka sambandhI sabhI kaSToM ko dUra karate haiM / dravyaratna kaise bhI mUlyavAn hoM, para unakA prabhAva parimita hotA hai / ve kevala vartamAna bhava meM hI sukha denevAle hote haiM / bhAva - ratna bhavAntara meM bhI dhAraka ko sadgati aura sukha denevAle haiM / I bhagavAn kA ratna viSayaka vyAkhyAna suna kara kirAtarAja bahuta saMtuSTa huA / vaha hAtha jor3akara bolA- bhagavan ! mujhe bhAva - ratna dIjiye / bhagavAn ne rajoharaNa, gucchaka Adi de diye jinako kirAtarAja ne saharSa svIkAra kiyA aura nirgranthadharma kI pravrajyA lekara bhagavAn ke ziSyagaNa meM praviSTa ho gayA' / bhagavAn ne sAketa se Age pAJcAla kI ora vihAra kara diyA aura kucha samaya kAmpilya meM Thahare / kAmpilya se sUrasena kI ora padhAre aura mathurA, zauryapura, nandIpura Adi nagaroM meM vicara kara vApasa videhabhUmi ko lauTe unhoMne isa varSa varSAvAsa mithilA meM kiyA / 37. saiMtIsavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 476 - 475) cAturmAsya samApta hone para bhagavAn ne magadha kI ora vihAra kiyA pratyeka grAma aura nagara meM nirgrantha pravacana kA upadeza karate hue Apa rAjagRha padhAre aura guNazIla caitya meM samavasaraNa huA / 1. Avazyaka sUtra hAribhadrIyavRtti, pa0 715--716 / For Private Personal Use Only

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191 tIrthaMkara-jIvana anyatIrthikoM ke AkSepAtmaka prazna guNazIla caitya meM aneka anyatIrthika basate the / bhagavAn kI dharmasabhA visarjita hone para aneka anyatIrthika bhagavAn ke AsapAsa baiThe hue sthaviroM ke pAsa Akara bole-Aryo ! tuma trividha trividha se asaMyata aura bAla ho / anyatIrthikoM kA AkSepa suna kara sthaviroM ne kahA--Aryo ! kisa kAraNa se hama asaMyata, avirata aura bAla ho sakate haiM ? __ anyatIrthika-Aryo ! tuma adatta grahaNa karate ho, adatta khAte ho, adatta cakhate ho / isa kAraNa se tuma asaMyata, avirata aura bAla ho / sthavira--Aryo ! hama kisa prakAra adatta lete, khAte athavA cAkhate haiM ? __ anyatIrthika-Aryo ! tumhAre mata meM dIyamAna adatta hai, pratigRhyamANa apratigRhIta hai aura nisRjyamAna anisRSTa hai kyoMki tumhAre mata meM dIyamAna padArtha ko dAtA ke hAtha se chUTane ke bAda tumhAre pAtra meM par3ane se pahale yadi koI bIca meM se le le to vaha padArtha gRhastha kA gayA huA mAnA jAtA hai, tumhArA nahIM / isase yaha siddha huA ki tumhAre pAtra meM jo padArtha par3atA hai vaha adatta hai kyoMki jo padArtha dAnakAla meM tumhArA nahIM huA vaha bAda meM bhI tumhArA nahIM ho sakatA aura isa prakAra adatta ko lete, khAte aura cakhate hue tuma asaMyata, avirata aura bAla hI siddha hote ho / sthavira--Aryo ! hama adatta nahIM lete, khAte aura cakhate kintu hama datta lete, khAte aura cakhate haiM aura isa prakAra diyA huA grahaNa karate aura khAte hue hama trividha trividha se saMyata, virata aura paNDita siddha hote haiM / anyatIrthika-Aryo ! kisa prakAra tuma dattagrAhI siddha hote ho, so hameM smjhaao| sthavira-Aryo ! hamAre mata meM dIyamAna datta, pratigRhyamANa pratigRhIta aura nisRjyamAna nisRSTa mAnA jAtA hai / gRhapati ke hAtha se chUTane ke anantara

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192 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra yadi koI use bIca meM se ur3A le to vaha hamArA jAtA hai, gRhapati kA nahIM / isa kAraNa hama kisI bhI hetu-yukti se adattagrAhI siddha nahIM hote / paranta he Aryo ! tuma khuda hI trividha trividha se asaMyata, avirata aura bAla siddha hote ho / anyatIrthika-kyoM ? hama asaMyata, avirata aura bAla kisalie kahalAyeMge ? sthavira-isalie ki tuma adatta lete ho / anyatIrthika-hama kisa hetu se adattagrAhI siddha hoMge ? sthavira--Aryo ! tumhAre mata se dIyamAna adatta, pratigRhyamANa apratigRhIta aura nisRjyamAna anisRSTa hai / isa kAraNa tuma adatta lenevAle hai / trividha asaMyata, avirata aura bAla ho / anyatIrthika-Aryo ! tuma trividha asaMyata, avirata aura bAla ho / sthavira-kyoM ? kisa kAraNa se hama asaMyata, avirata aura bAla kahe jAyeMge ? anyatIrthika-Aryo ! tuma calate hue pRthvIkAya para AkramaNa karate ho, usapara prahAra karate ho, usako ghisate ho, dUsare se milAte ho, use ikaTThA karate aura chUte ho, usako satAte ho aura usake jIvoM kA nAza karate ho / isa prakAra pRthivI ke jIvoM para AkramaNAdi kriyAe~ karate hue tuma asaMyata, avirata aura bAla sAbita hote ho / __ sthavira-Aryo ! calate hue hama pRthivI para AkramaNa Adi nahIM karate / zarIra kI cintA ke lie, bImAra kI sevA ke nimitta athavA vihAracaryA ke vaza jaba hameM pRthivI para calanA par3atA hai taba bhI vivekapUrvaka dhIre-dhIre pAdakrama se calate haiM / isaliye na hama pRthivI kA AkramaNa karate haiM aura na usake jIvoM kA vinAza hI / parantu Aryo ! tuma khuda hI isa prakAra pRthivI ke jIvoM para AkramaNa aura upadrava karate hue asaMyata, avirata aura ekAnta bAla bana rahe ho /

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193 tIrthaMkara-jIvana anyatIthika-Aryo ! tumhArA mata to yaha hai ki gamyamAna agata, vyatikramyamANa avyatikrAnta aura rAjagRha ko saMprApta hone kA icchuka asaMprApta hai| sthavira-Aryo ! aisA mata hamArA nahIM hai| hamAre mata meM to gamyamAna gata, vyatikramyamANa vyatikrAnta aura saMprApyamANa saMprApta hI mAnA jAtA hai / isa prakAra sthavira bhagavantoM ne carcA meM anyatIrthikoM ko parAsta karake vahA~ 'gati-pravAda' nAmaka adhyayana kI racanA kI / anagAra kAlodAyI ke prazna-(1) azubha karmakaraNa viSaya meM usa samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra ko vandana karake angAra kAlodAyI ne pUchA-bhagavan ! jIva duSTa phaladAyaka azubha karmoM ko svayaM karate haiM, yaha bAta satya hai ? mahAvIra-hA~ kAlodAyin ! jIva azubha phaladAyaka karmoM ko karate haiM, yaha bAta satya hai / kAlodAyI-bhagavan ! jIva aise azubha vipAka-dAyaka pApa karma kaise karate hoMge ? mahAvIra-kAlodAyin ! jaise koI manuSya manohara rasavAle aneka vyaJjana yukta viSamizrita pakvAnna kA bhojana karatA hai taba use vaha pakvAnna bahuta priya lagatA hai| usake tAtkAlika svAda meM lubdha hokara vaha prItipUrvaka khAtA hai, parantu pariNAma meM vaha aniSTakara hotA hai / bhakSaka ke rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza Adi para vaha burA prabhAva DAlatA hai / isI prakAra he kAlodAyin ! jIva jaba hiMsA karate haiM, asatya bolate haiM, corI karate haiM, maithuna karate haiM, vastu-saMgraha karate haiM, krodha, mAna, kapaTa, lobha, rAga, dveSa, kalaha, abhyAkhyAna, paizunya, rati, arati, paraparivAda, mAyAmRSAvAda aura mithyAtvazalya Adi kA sevana karate haiM taba ye kArya jIvoM ko acche lagate 1. bha0 za 8, u0 7, pa0 379-380 / zramaNa-13

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194 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra haiM, parantu inase jo duvipAka pApakarma bandhate haiM unakA phala bar3A aniSTa hotA hai, jo bA~dhanevAloM ko bhoganA par3atA hai / kAlodAyI-bhagavan ! jIva kalyANa-phaladAyaka zubha karmoM ko karate haiM ? mahAvIra-hA~ kAlodAyin ! jIva zubha-phaladAyaka karmoM ko bhI karate haiM / kAlodAyI-jIva zubha karmoM ko kaise karate haiM ? mahAvIra-kAlodAyin ! jaise, koI manuSya auSadha-mizrita pakavAna kA bhojana karatA hai / usa samaya yadyapi vaha bhojana use acchA nahIM lagatA tathApi pariNAma meM vaha bala, rUpa Adi kI vRddhi karake hitakAraka hotA hai / isI prakAra hiMsA, asatya, corI Adi pravRttiyoM aura krodhAdi durguNoM kA tyAga jIvoM ko pahale bahuta duSkara mAlUma hotA hai, parantu yaha pApakarmoM kA tyAga anta meM sukhadAyaka aura kalyANakAraka hotA hai / isa prakAra he kAlodAyin ! jIvoM ko pApakarma karanA acchA lagatA hai aura zubha karma karanA duSkara, tathApi pariNAma meM eka duHkhakAraka hotA hai aura dUsarA sukhakAraka' / (2) agnikAya ke Arambha ke viSaya meM kAlodAyI-bhagavan ! do samAna puruSa haiM / donoM ke pAsa samAna hI upakaraNa haiN| ve donoM hI agnikAya ke Arambhaka haiM parantu unameM se eka agni ko jalAtA hai aura dUsarA use bujhAtA hai / ina dova meM adhika Arambhaka aura karma-bandhaka kauna ? mahAvIra-kAlodAyin ! ina do puruSoM meM agni ko jalAnevAlA adhika Arambhaka hai aura vahI adhika karma-bandhaka haiM, kyoMki jo puruSa agni ko jalAtA hai vaha pRthvIkAya kA, apkAya kA, vAyukAya kA, vanaspatikAya kA aura usakAya kA adhika Arambha karatA hai aura agnikAya 1. bha0 za0 7, u0 10, pa0 325-326 /

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana 195 kA kama / isake viparIta jo puruSa agni ko bujhAtA hai vaha agnikAya kA adhika Arambha karatA hai, parantu pRthivIkAya, apkAya, vAyukAya, vanaspatikAya aura trasakAya ina saba kA alpa Arambha karatA hai| isalie jo agni ko prajvalita karatA hai vaha adhika Arambha karatA hai aura usako zAnta karanevAlA alpa' / (3) acitta pudgaloM ke prakAza viSaya meM kAlodAyI-bhagavan ! acitta pudgala prakAza athavA udyota karate haiM ? yadi karate haiM to acitta pudgala kisa prakAra prakAzita hote hoMge ? mahAvIra-kAlodAyin ! acitta pudgala prakAza karate haiM / koI tejolezyAdhArI anagAra jaba tejolezyA chor3atA hai usa samaya usakI tejolezyA ke kucha pudgala dUra jAkara girate haiM, kucha najadIka / dUranikaTa gire hue ve pudgala prakAza ko phailate haiM / he kAlodAyin ! isa prakAra acitta pudgala prakAzita hote haiM / kAlodAyI ne bhagavAn kA yaha vivecana svIkAra kiyA / cha?, aTThamAdi tapa karake kAlodAyI ne anta meM anazanapUrvaka deha chor3akara nirvANa ko prApta kiyA / isa varSa guNazIla caitya meM gaNadhara prabhAsa ne eka mAsa kA anazana karake nirvANa prApta kiyA aura aneka anagAra vipulAcala para anazanapUrvaka nirvANa ko prApta hue / aneka nayI dIkSAyeM bhI huIM / yaha varSAvAsa bhagavAn ne rAjagRha meM kiyA / 38. ar3atIsavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 475-474) isa varSa bhagavAn ne magadhabhUmi meM hI vihAra kara nirgrantha pravacana kA pracAra kiyA / cAturmAsya nikaTa Ane para bhagavAn rAjagRha padhAre aura guNazIla meM samavasaraNa huA / 1. bha0 za0 7, u0 10, pa0 326-327 / 2. bha0 za0 7, u0 10, pa0 327 /

Page #253
196 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra anyatIrthikoM kI mAnyatAoM ke saMbandha meM gautama ke prazna(1) kriyAkAla aura niSThAkAla ke viSaya meM gautama ne pUchA-"bhagavana ! anyatIrthika kahate haiM-calamAna calita nahIM hotA, isI taraha udIryamANa udIrita, vedyamAna vedita, hIyamAna hIna, chidyamAna chinna, bhidyamAna bhinna, dahyamAna dagdha, mriyamANa mRta aura nirjIryamANa nirjIrNa nahIM hotA / (2) paramANuoM ke saMyogaviyoga ke saMbandha meM "anyatIrthika kahate haiM-do paramANu pudgala ekatra nahIM milate, kyoMki do paramANu pudgaloM meM snigdhatA nahIM hotI / tIna paramANu ekatra mila sakate haiM, kyoMki tIna paramANuoM meM snigdhatA hotI hai / ina ekatra mile hue tIna paramANuoM kA vizleSaNa karane para do athavA tIna Tukar3e hoNge| do Tukar3e hone para Der3ha Der3ha paramANu kA eka eka Tukar3A hogA aura tIna Tukar3e hone para eka eka paramANu kA eka eka Tukar3A hogA / isI prakAra cAra tathA pA~ca Adi paramANu-pudgala ekatra milate haiM aura isa prakAra mile hue paramANu samudAya hI duHkha kA rUpa dhAraNa karate haiM / vaha duHkha bhI zAzvata hai aura usameM sadA hAni vRddhi hotI rahatI hai / (3) bhASA ke bhASAtva ke saMbandha meM / "anyatIrthika kahate haiM-bolI jAnevAlI athavA bolI gaI bhASA 'bhASA' kahalAtI hai, para bolI jAtI bhASA 'bhASA' nahIM kahalAtI / aura bhASA 'bhASaka' kI nahIM kintu 'abhASaka' kI kahalAtI hai / (4) kriyA kI duHkhAtmatA ke viSaya meM "anyatIrthika kahate haiM--pahale kriyA duHkha rUpa hotI hai aura pIche bhI vaha daHkha rUpa hotI hai, para kriyA-kAla meM kriyA daHkhAtmaka nahIM hotI kyoMki 'karaNa' se nahIM kintu 'akaraNa' se hI kriyA duHkhAtmaka hotI hai, yaha kahanA cAhie /

Page #254
197 tIrthaMkara-jIvana (5) duHkha kI akRtrimatA ke viSaya meM "anyatIrthika kahate haiM-duHkha ko koI banAtA nahIM hai aura na koI use chUtA hai| prANimAtra binA kie hI duHkhoM kA anubhava karate haiM, yaha kahanA cAhiye / bhagavan ! anyatIrthikoM ke ye mantavya kyA satya haiM ?" mahAvIra-"gautama ! anyatIrthikoM kA yaha kathana ki 'calamAna calita nahIM hotA' ThIka nahIM hai / isa viSaya meM maiM kahatA hU~ ki "calemANe calie" arthAt calane lagA vaha calA kyoMki pratyeka samaya kI kriyA apane kArya kI utpatti ke sAtha samApta hotI hai / isase siddha huA ki kriyAkAla aura niSThAkAla eka hai, ata: 'calemANe' zabda se sUcita 'vartamAna' aura 'calie' se dhvanita 'bhUta' kAla vAstava meM bhinna nahIM haiM / ataeva 'calat' aura 'calita' bhI eka hI kArya ke "sAdhyamAna' aura 'siddha' aise do bhinna rUpa haiM / yahI bAta 'udIryamANa udIrita, vedyamAna vedita, hIyamAna hIna, chidyamAna china, bhidyamAna bhinna, dahyamAna dagdha, mriyamANa mRta aura nirjIryamANa nirjIrNa ke saMbandha meM bhI samajhanI cAhie / ___ "gautama ! paramANuoM ke milane-bikharane ke saMbandha meM bhI anyatIrthikoM kI mAnyatA ThIka nahIM hai / isa viSaya meM merA mata yaha hai ki do paramANu bhI ekatra juTa sakate haiM, kyoMki do paramANuoM meM bhI unheM jor3anevAlI snigdhatA vidyamAna hotI hai / mile hue do paramANuoM ko tor3ane para phira ve eka eka kara ke judA ho jAte haiM / isI taraha tIna paramANu bhI Apasa meM mila sakate haiM aura tor3ane para phira ve eka eka kara ke judA ho jAte haiN| "tIna paramANu bhI Apasa meM mila sakate haiM aura tor3ane para judA ho jAte haiN| tIna paramANuoM ke skandha ko tor3a kara yadi usake do vibhAga kie jAya~ to eka bhAga meM eka paramANu rahegA aura eka meM do / inhIM tIna paramANuoM ke skandha ko tor3a kara tIna bhAga kie jAya~ to eka eka paramANu kA eka eka bhAga hogA / "isI prakAra cAra, pA~ca Adi paramANu ekatra mila kara skandha banate

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198 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra haiM, parantu ve skandha azAzvata hote haiM aura nitya hI unameM hAni-vRddhi hotI rahatI hai / __ "bhASA ke viSaya meM bhI anyatIrthikoM ke vicAra prAmANika nahIM haiM / isa viSaya meM merA siddhAnta yaha hai ki bolI jAnevAlI athavA bolI gaI bhASA 'bhASA' nahIM, para bolI jAtI bhASA hI 'bhASA' hai / aura vaha bhASA 'abhASaka' kI nahIM, para 'bhASaka' kI hotI hai / "kriyA kI duHkharUpatA ke saMbandha meM bhI anyatIrthikoM kI mAnyatA yathArtha nahIM / pahale yA pIche kriyA duHkharUpa nahIM hotI, kintu kriyAkAla meM hI vaha duHkhAtmaka hotI hai aura vaha bhI akaraNarUpa se nahIM, karaNarUpa se duHkhAtmaka hotI hai / "gautama ! jo loga duHkha ko 'akRtya' aura 'aspRzya' kahate haiM ve bhI mithyAvAdI haiM / duHkha 'kRtya' aura 'spRzya' hai, kyoMki saMsArI jIva usako banAte, chUte aura bhogate haiM, yaha kahanA caahie|" eka samaya meM do kriyAoM ke viSaya meM gautama ne kahA-bhagavan ! anyatIrthika kahate haiM-eka jIva eka samaya meM IryApathikI aura sAMparAyikI ina do kriyAoM ko karatA hai / jisa samaya meM IryApathikI karatA hai usI samaya meM sAMparAyikI bhI karatA hai aura jisa samaya meM sAMparAyikI karatA hai usI samaya meM vaha IryApathikI bhI karatA hai / arthAt IryApathikI karatA huA sAMparAyikI aura sAMparAyikI karatA huA IryApathikI karatA hai / isa prakAra anyatIrthika eka samaya meM do kriyAoM ke karane kI bAta kahate haiM, so kyA yaha kathana ThIka hai ? mahAvIra-nahIM gautama ! anyatIrthikoM kA yaha kathana ThIka nahIM hai / isa viSaya meM merA mata yaha hai ki eka jIva eka samaya meM eka hI kriyA karatA hai-IryApathikI athavA sAMparAyikI / jisa samaya vaha IryApathikI kriyA karatA hai, usa samaya sAMparAyikI nahIM karatA aura sAMparAyikI karane 1. bha0 za0 1, u0 10, pa0 102-103 /

Page #256
192 tIrthaMkara-jIvana ke samaya IryApathikI nahIM karatA' / nirgranthoM ke devabhava ke bhoga sukhoM ke viSaya meM gautama ne pUchA--bhagavan ! anyatIrthika kahate haiM-nirgrantha kAladharma prApta hokara devaloka meM deva hotA hai taba vaha apanI divya AtmA se vahA~ ke anya deva-deviyoM ke sAtha athavA apanI deviyoM ke sAtha viSaya bhoga nahIM karatA kintu vaha apanI hI AtmA meM se anya vaikriya rUpa banA banAkara unake sAtha viSaya sukha bhogatA hai / kyA bhagavan ! anyatIrthikoM kA yaha kathana satya hai ? mahAvIra-gautama ! anyatIrthika isa viSaya meM jo kahate haiM vaha satya nahIM hai| saca to yaha hai ki nirgrantha kAladharma prApta hone ke bAda kisI bhI aise devaloka meM deva hotA hai jo mahARddhi aura prabhAvasaMpanna ho aura jahA~ ke devoM kI AyuSya-sthiti bahuta lambI ho / vahA~ devarUpa se utpanna nirgrantha kA jIva mahAtejasvI aura RddhimAn deva hotA hai / vaha vahA~ para dUsare devoM, unakI deviyoM aura apanI deviyoM ko anukUla karake unase viSayavAsanA pUrNa karatA hai aura eka jIva eka samaya meM eka hI veda kA anubhava karatA haistrI-veda kA athavA puruSa-veda kA / strI-veda ke anubhavakAla meM puruSa-veda kA anubhava nahIM karatA aura puruSa-veda ke anubhavakAla meM strI-veda kA / puruSa--veda ke udayakAla meM puruSa strI kI aura strI-veda ke udayakAla meM strI puruSa kI prArthanA karatI hai / isa prakAra apane apane vedodayakAla meM strI puruSa eka dUsare kI abhilASA karate haiM / ___ gaNadhara acalabhrAtA aura metArya ne guNazIla caitya meM mAsika anazana kara nirvANa prApta kiyA / isa sAla kA varSAvAsa bhagavAn ne nAlandA meM kiyA / 1. bha0 za0 1, u0 10, pa0 106 / 2. bha0 za0 2, u0 5, pa0 131-132 /

Page #257
200 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra 39. unacAlIsavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 474-473) cAturmAsya ke anantara nAlandA se vicarate hue bhagavAn videha janapada meM padhAre / deza ke anyAnya grAma nagaroM meM pravacana kA upadeza karate hue Apa mithilA padhAre / yahA~ para rAjA jitazatru ne ApakA bar3A Adara kiyA / samavasaraNa mithilA ke bAhara mANibhadra caitya meM huA / rAjA jitazatru aura rAnI dhAraNI pramukha rAjaparivAra tathA bhAvika nagarajanoM se caitya kA maidAna vizAla dharmasabhA ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gayA / Apane nirgrantha pravacana kA upadeza kiyA / sabhAjana saMtuSTa hokara apane apane sthAnoM para cale gae / sabhA-visarjana ke bAda anagAra indrabhUti ne vandana purassara jyotiSazAstra se saMbaMdhita aneka prazna kiye jinameM bIsa prazna mukhya the / gautama ne pUchA1. sUrya prativarSa kitane maNDaloM kA bhramaNa karatA hai ? 2. sUrya tiryagbhramaNa kaise karatA hai ? 3. sUrya tathA candra kitane kSetra ko prakAzita karate haiM ? 4. prakAza kA avasthAna kaisA hai ? 5. sUrya kA prakAza kahA~ rukatA hai ? 6. ojas (prakAza) kI sthiti kitane kAla kI hai ? 7. kauna se pudagala sUrya ke prakAza kA sparza karate haiM ? 8. sUryodaya kI sthiti kaisI hai ? 9. pauruSI chAyA kA kyA parimANa hai ? 10. yoga kise kahate haiM ? 11. saMvatsaroM kA prAraMbha kahA~ se hotA hai ? 12. saMvatsara kitane kahe haiM ? 13. candramA kI vRddhi-hAni kyoM dIkhatI hai ? 14. kisa samaya cA~da kI cA~danI bar3hatI hai ?

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana 201 15. candra, sUrya, graha, nakSatra aura tArA inameM zIghragati kauna hai ? 16. cA~da kI cA~danI kA lakSaNa kyA hai ? 17. candrAdi grahoM kA cyavana aura upapAta kaise hotA hai ? 18. bhUtala se candra Adi graha kitane U~ce haiM ? 19. candra, sUryAdi kitane haiM ? 20. candra, sUryAdi kyA haiM ? gautama ke ukta praznoM ke uttara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne itane vistRta rUpa se diye haiM ki unase sUryaprajJapti, candraprajJapti jaise prAcIna paddhati ke jyotiSavijJAna ke maulika grantha bana gaye haiM / ukta praznoM ke uttaroM se hama isa grantha ko jaTila banAnA ucita nahIM samajhate / __ bhagavAn ne isa sAla kA varSAvAsa mithilA meM hI bitAyA / 40. cAlIsavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 473-472) ___ cAturmAsya ke bAda bhagavAn videha deza meM hI vicare / aneka zraddhAluoM ko nirgrantha mArga meM dIkSita kiyA aura aneka gRhasthoM ko zramaNopAsaka banAyA / varSAkAla nikaTa Ane para Apa phira mithilA padhAre aura varSAvAsa mithilA meM hI kiyA / 41. ikatAlIsavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 472-471) __ cAturmAsya kI samApti para bhagavAn ne mithilA se magadha kI tarapha vihAra kara diyA aura kramazaH rAjagRha padhAra kara guNazIla caitya meM vAsa kiyA / mahAzataka ko cetAvanI una dinoM rAjagRhanivAsI mahAzataka zramaNopAsaka gRhastha-dharma kI antima ArAdhanA karake anazana kie hue thA / anazana ke bAda zubhAdhyavasAya 1. sUryaprajJapti pa0 1-9 /

Page #259
202 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra aura karmoM ke kSayopazama se mahAzataka ko avadhijJAna prakaTa ho gayA thA jisase vaha Ananda kI hI taraha Upara, nIce aura tiryag loka meM dUra dUra taka jAnatA tathA dekhatA thA / usa samaya usakI strI revatI madirA se matavAlI hokara mahAzataka ke pAsa gaI aura vikRta ceSTAoM tathA asabhya vacanoM se usakA dhyAna bhaMga karane lgii| do bAra to mahAzataka ne usakI bAteM sunI-anasunI kara dI / para jaba vaha bAra bAra viruddha bAtoM aura abhadra ceSTAoM se use satAtI hI gaI taba vaha apane krodha ko dabA na sakA / avadhijJAna se usakI bhaviSya kI dazA ko jAna kara bolA-'aye mRtyuprArthinI revati ! itanI unmatta kyoM ho rahI hai ? sAta dina ke bhItara hI alasa roga se pIr3ita ho asamAdhipUrvaka mara kara tU naraka gati ko prApta honevAlI hai, isa bAta kI bhI jarA cintA mahAzataka ke kaTuvacanoM se revatI bhayabhIta hokara socane lagIsacamuca Aja mahAzataka mere Upara ruSTa hue haiM / na jAne aba mujhe kisa burI taraha mAreMge / vaha dhIre dhIre vahA~ se haTa kara apane sthAna para calI gaI / mahAzataka ke kathanAnusAra hI revatI ko alasa roga huA aura sAta dina ke bhItara usakA dehAnta ho gayA / - revatI ke prati kiye gaye kaTubhASaNa ke saMbandha meM mahAzataka ko cetAvanI dene ke liye bhagavAn mahAvIra ne indrabhUti gautama ko bulA kara kahA-~gautama ! yahA~ merA antevAsI mahAzataka zramaNopAsaka apanI pauSadhazAlA meM antima anazana kara kAla nirgamana kara rahA hai| apanI strI revatI dvArA mohajanaka vacanoM se satAye jAne para usane krodhavaza ho revatI kI kaThora vacanoM se tarjanA kI hai / isaliye gautama ! mahAzataka ko jAkara kaha ki antima anazana kara samabhAva meM rahe hue zramaNopAsaka ko aisA karanA ucita nahIM / yathArtha-satya hone para bhI apriya kaThora vacana bolanA anazanadhArI zramaNopAsaka kA kartavya nahIM / devAnupriya ! revatI ko apriya vacana kaha kara tUne acchA

Page #260
203 tIrthaMkara-jIvana nahIM kiyA / isakA ucita AlocanA-prAyazcitta lekara tujhe zuddha honA cAhiye / mahAvIra kI AjJA pAkara gautama mahAzataka ke yahA~ gaye aura bhagavAn kA saMdeza use diyA / mahAzataka ne bhI bhagavAn kI AjJA sira A~khoM para car3hAI aura apanI bhUla kA prAyazcitta kiyA / uSNa jalahUda ke viSaya meM prazna eka samaya vaibhAragiri ke nIce uSNa jalahUda ke viSaya meM indrabhUti gautama ne pUchA-bhagavan ! anyatIrthika yaha kahate haiM ki rAjagRha nagara ke bAhara vaibhAra parvata ke nIce eka bar3A bhArI jalahada hai jisakI laMbAI aura caur3AI aneka yojana parimita hai| usake kinAre vividha jAti ke vRkSoM kI ghaTAoM se suzobhita haiM / usameM se bar3e bar3e bAdala taiyAra hote aura barasate haiM / isake atirikta usameM jo adhika jalasamUha hotA hai vahI uSNa jalasrotoM ke rUpa meM nirantara bahatA rahatA hai / bhagavan ! kyA anyatIrthikoM kA yaha kathana satya hai ? mahAvIra-gautama ! anyatIrthikoM kA yaha kathana satya nahIM hai / isa viSaya meM merA mata yaha hai ki rAjagRha ke bAhara vaibhAra parvata ke pAsa atyanta uSNa sthAna ke pAsa se nikalanevAlA 'mahAtapastIraprabhava' nAmaka jalasrota hai, jisakI laMbAI-caur3AI pA~ca pA~ca sau dhanuSya parimANa hai / isake kinAroM para aneka jAti ke vRkSa lage hue haiM jinase isakI zobhA darzanIya ho gaI hai / isa uSNa jalasrota meM uSNayoni ke jIva utpanna hote aura marate haiM, tathA uSNa svabhAva ke jala-pudagala bhI uSNajala ke rUpa meM isameM Ate aura nikalate rahate haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki srota meM se nitya aura satata uSNajala kA pravAha bAhara bahatA rahatA hai| mahAtapastIraprabhava jalasrota kI yahI hakIkata hai aura yahI isakA rahasya hai / gautama-bhagavan ! ApakA kathana satya hai| mahAtapastIraprabhava jalasrota kA rahasya yahI ho sakatA hai /

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204 AyuSya karma ke viSaya meM prazna gautama ne kahA-- bhagavan ! anyatIrthika kahate haiM-- niyamAnusAra gaThe hue aura niyata antara para gA~ThoMvAle eka jAla ke jaisI aneka jIvoM ke aneka bhavasaMcita AyuSyoM kI racanA hotI hai / jisa prakAra jAla meM saba gA~TheM niyata antara para rahatI haiM aura eka dUsarI ke sAtha saMbandhita rahatI haiM, usI taraha saba AyuSya eka dUsare se niyata antara para rahe hue hote haiM / inameM se eka jIva eka samaya meM do AyuSyoM ko bhogatA hai-- ihabhavika aura pArabhavika / jisa samaya ihabhavika AyuSya bhogatA hai usI samaya pArabhavika bhI bhogatA hai / bhagavan ! kyA anyatIrthikoM kI yaha mAnyatA ThIka hai ? mahAvIra - gautama ! isa viSaya meM anyatIrthika jo kahate haiM vaha ThIka nahIM hai / hamArA mata yaha hai ki aneka jIvoM ke AyuSya jAlagranthiyoM ke AkAra ke nahIM hote parantu eka jIva ke aneka bhavoM ke AyuSya vaise ho sakate haiM / tathA eka jIva eka samaya meM do AyuSyoM ko bhoga nahIM sakatA kintu eka hI ko bhoga sakatA hai-- ihabhavika AyuSya ko athavA pArabhavika AyuSya kore / zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra manuSyaloka kI mAnava bastI ke saMbaMdha meM gautama bole--- bhagavan ! anyatIrthika kahate haiM---- jaise yuvA puruSa apane hAtha meM yuvati strI kA hAtha pakar3atA hai athavA jisa prakAra cakranAbhi se araka bhir3e rahate haiM, vaise hI yaha manuSyaloka cAra sau pA~ca sau yojana taka manuSyoM se bharA huA hai / bhagavan ! kyA anyatIrthikoM kA yaha kathana satya hai ? mahAvIra nahIM gautama ! anyatIrthikoM kI yaha mAnyatA ThIka nahIM hai / isa viSaya meM merA kahanA yaha hai ki manuSyaloka to nahIM para naraka loka isa prakAra cAra sau pA~ca sau yojana paryanta nArakajIvoM se ThasAThasa bharA huA rahatA hai / 141 / 1. bha0 za0 2, u0 5, pR0 2. bha0 za0 5 u0 3, pa0 214 / 3. bha0 za05, u0 6, pa0 230 / For Private Personal Use Only

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205 tIrthaMkara-jIvana sukha athavA duHkha ke parimANa ke viSaya meM gautama ne pUchA-bhagavan ! anyatIrthika yaha kahate haiM-isa rAjagRha nagara meM jitane jIva haiM, una saba ke sukhoM athavA duHkhoM ko ikaTThA karake bera kI guThalI, bAla, kalAya, jUM athavA lIkha jitane parimANa meM bhI batAne meM koI samartha nahIM hai / kyA anyatIrthikoM kA yaha kathana yathArtha hai ? mahAvIra--gautama ! anyatIrthikoM kA ukta kathana ThIka nahIM hai| isa viSaya meM merA siddhAnta yaha hai-~rAjagRha ke to kyA saMsAra bhara ke saba jIvoM ke sukha-duHkhoM ko ikaTThA karake likSAparimANa bhI dikhAne ko koI samartha nahIM hai / gautama ! sampUrNa loka ke sukha-duHkhoM ko ikaTThA karane para bhI unakA piNDa likSA ke barAbara bhI kyoM nahIM hotA, isako maiM eka dRSTAnta se samajhAU~gA / mAna lo ki koI eka mahAn sAmarthyavAn deva hai / vaha sugandhI se bharA huA eka DibbA lekara lakSa-yojana parimANavAle saMpUrNa jambUdvIpa ke Upara palakamAtra meM ikkIsa bAra cakkara kATatA huA Dibbe meM kI tamAma sugaMdhI sAre jambUdvIpa meM bIkhera de / taba ve sugaMdhIpudgala saMpUrNa jambUdvIpa kA sparza kareMge yA nahIM ? ___gautama-hA~, bhagavan ! ve sUkSma sugaMdhI paramANu saMpUrNa jaMbUdvIpa meM phailakara usakA sparza kara leMge / mahAvIra-gautama ! agara una sUkSma sugandhI paramANuoM ko koI phira ikaTThA karanA cAhe to kyA vaha eka likSA parimANa bhI ikaTThA karake dikhA sakatA hai ? ___gautama-nahIM bhagavan ! una sUkSma pudgaloM ko phira ikaTThA kara dikhAnA azakya hai / mahAvIra-isI prakAra lokagata sarvajIvoM ke sampUrNa sukha-duHkhoM ko ikaTThA karake likSA- parimANa bhI dikhAne ko koI samartha nahIM hai / 1. bha0 za0 6, u0 9. pa0 284-285 /

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206 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra gautama ne pUchA-bhagavan ! anyatIthika kahate haiM ki prANa, bhUta aura sattvanAmadhArI sarvajIva ekAnta duHkha ko bhogate haiN| kyA yaha kathana satya hai ? ekAnta duHkhavedanA ke saMbaMdha meM mahAvIra-nahIM, gautama ! anyatIrthikoM kA ukta kathana ThIka nahIM hai| siddhAnta yaha hai ki kucha jIva nitya ekAntaduHkha ko bhogate haiM aura kabhI kabhI sukha ko / kucha jIva nitya ekAnta-sukha kA anubhava karate haiM aura kabhI kabhI duHkha kA / taba kitane hI jIva sukha aura duHkha ko aniyamitatA se bhogate haiN| nAraka jIva nitya ekAnta-duHkha kA anubhava karate haiM aura samaya vizeSa meM ve sukha ko bhI pAte haiM / bhavanapati, vyantara, jyotiSI aura vaimAnika deva ekAnta sukha kA anubhava karate haiM, para samaya vizeSa meM ve duHkha ko bhI bhogate haiM / pRthivIkAyika Adi tiryaJca gati ke jIva aura manuSya aniyamitatA se sukha duHkha ko bhogate haiN| kabhI ve sukha vipAka ko bhogate haiM aura kabhI duHkha vipAka ko / isa varSa meM agnibhUti aura vAyubhUti nAmaka gaNadharoM ne rAjagRha ke guNazIla caitya meM mAsika anazanapUrvaka nirvANa prApta kiyA / isa varSa kA varSAvAsa bhagavAn ne rAjagRha meM kiyA / 42. bayAlIsavA~ varSa (vi0 pU0 471-470) ___ varSA cAturmAsya ke bAda bhI bhagavAn mahInoM taka rAjagRha meM Thahare / isa bIca unake gaNadhara avyakta, maNDika, mauryaputra aura akampita mAsika anazanapUrvaka guNazIla caitya meM nirvANa prApta hue / duSSamaduSSama kAla kA bhArata aura usake manuSya indrabhUti gautama ne pUchA- bhagavan ! avasarpiNI kAla ke duSyamaduSSamA 1. bha0 za0 6, u0 9, pa0 285- 286 /

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana 207 samaya ke pUrNarUpa se laga jAne para jambUdvIpa ke bhAratavarSa kI kyA avasthA hogI ? mahAvIra-gautama ! usa samaya kA bhArata hAhAkAra, ArtanAda aura kolAhalamaya hogA / viSamakAla ke prabhAva se kaThora, bhayaMkara aura asahya havA ke bavaNDara uTheMge aura A~dhiyA~ caleMgI jinase saba dizAyeM dhUmila, rajasvalA aura andhakAramaya ho jAyeMgI / samaya kI rukSatA ke vaza Rtue~ vikRta ho jAyeMgI, candra adhika zIta phekeMge aura sUrya atyadhika garmI kareMge / usa samaya joradAra bijaliyA~ camakeMgI aura pracaNDa pavana ke sAtha mUsaladhAra pAnI barasegA jisakA jala arasa, virasa, khArA, khaTTA, viSailA aura tejAba sA teja hogA / usase nirvAha na hokara vividha vyAdhivedanAoM kI utpatti hogI / una meghoM ke jala se bhArata ke grAmoM aura nagaroM ke manuSyoM aura jAnavaroM kA, AkAza meM ur3anevAle pakSiyoM kA, grAmya tathA AraNyaka trasasthAvara prANiyoM kA aura saba prakAra kI vanaspatiyoM kA vinAza ho jAyagA / eka vaitADhya parvata ko chor3a kara sabhI pahAr3a-pahAr3iyA~ vajrapAtoM se khaNDavikhaNDa ho jAyeMgI / gaMgA aura sindhu ko chor3a kara zeSa nadI, nAle, sarovara Adi U~ce-nIce sthala samatala ho jAya~ge / gautama-bhagavan ! taba bhAratabhUmi kI kyA dazA hogI ? mahAvIra-gautama ! usa samaya bhAratavarSa kI bhUmi aMgAra-svarUpa, murmura-svarUpa, bhasma-svarUpa, tape hue tave aura jalatI huI AgasI garma, marusthalIsI vAlukAmayI aura chichalI jhIlasI kAI (zaivAla), kIcar3a se durgama hogI / gautama-bhagavan / tatkAlIna bhAratavarSa kA manuSya samAja kaisA hogA ? mahAvIra-gautama ! tatkAlIna bhAratavarSa ke manuSyoM kI dazA bar3I dayanIya hogI / virUpa, vivarNa, durgandha, duHsparza aura virasa zarIroMvAle hone

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208 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra se ve apriya aura adarzanIya hoMge / ve dInasvara, hInasvara, aniSTasvara, anAdeyavacana, avizvasanIya, nirlajja, kapaTapaTu, klezapriya, hiMsaka, vairazIla, amaryAda, akAryarata aura avinIta hoMge / unake nakha bar3e, keza kapila, varNa zyAma, sira beDaula aura zarIra nasoM se lipaTA huA sA pratIta hone ke kAraNa adarzanIya hogA / unake aMgopAMga baloM se saMkucita, mastaka khule ghar3e se, A~kha aura nAka Ter3he tathA mukha buDDhoM ke se viraladanta baloM se bhISaNa hoMge / unake zarIra pApAgrasta, tIkSNa nakhoM se vikSata, dAda se kaThina, phaTI camaDIvAle aura dAgoM se citakabare hoMge / unakI zArIrika racanA nirbala, AkAra bhauMDA aura baiThane-uThane, khAne-pIne kI kriyAe~ nindanIya hoNgii| unake zarIra vividha vyAdhi pIr3ita, gati skhalanAyukta aura ceSTAyeM vikRta hoMgI / ve utsAhahIna, sattvahIna, tejohIna, zItadeha, uSNadeha, malinadeha, krodha-mAna-mAyA se bhare, lobhI, duHkhagrasta, bahudhA dharmasaMjJAhIna aura samyaktva se bhraSTa hoNge| unake zarIra hAtha bhara ke aura umra solaha athavA bIsa varSa kI hogii| ve putra-pautrAdi bahula parivAra yukta hoNge| unakI saMkhyA parimita hogI aura ve gaMgA-sindhu mahAnadiyoM ke taTAzrita vaitADhya parvata ke bahattara biloM meM nivAsa kareMge / gautama-bhagavan ! una manuSyoM kA AhAra kyA hogA ? mahAvIra-gautama ! usa samaya gaMgA-sindhu mahAnadiyoM kA pravAha rathamArga jitanA caur3A hogA / unakI gaharAI cakranAbhi se adhika na hogI / unakA jala matsa, kacchapAdi jalacara jIvoM se vyApta hogA / jaba sUryodaya aura sUryAsta kA samaya hogA, ve manuSya apane apane biloM se nikala kara nadiyoM meM se matsyAdi jIvoM ko sthala meM le jAyeMge aura dhUpa meM pake-bhune una

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana 209 jalacaroM kA AhAra kareMge / duSSama-duSSamA ke bhAratIya mAnavoM kI jIvanacaryA ikkIsa hajAra varSoM taka isI taraha calatI rahegI / gautama-bhagavan ! ve nizzIla, nirguNa, nirmaryAda, tyAga-vratahIna, bahudhA mAMsAhArI aura matsyAhArI manuSya marakara kahA~ jAyeMge ? kahA~ utpanna hoMge ? mahAvIra-~-ve bahudhA nAraka aura tiryaJca yoniyoM meM utpanna hoMge' / rAjagRha se vihAra karate hue bhagavAn apApA padhAre / apApA ke udyAna meM samavasaraNa huA / gaNadhara ke praznottara meM yahA~ para bhI bhagavAn ne kAlacakra kA savistara varNana kiyA / utsarpiNI-avasarpiNI kAla, unameM honevAle manuSyoM aura unakI unnata-avanata sthitiyoM kA varNana karate hue Apane vartamAna avasarpiNI ke duSSamA nAmaka paJcamAraka kA vizeSa varNana kiyA / Apane kahA-tIrthaMkaroM ke samaya meM yaha bhAratavarSa dhanadhAnya se samRddha, nagara gA~voM se vyApta svarga sadRza hotA hai / tatkAlIna grAma nagara samAna, nagara devaloka samAna, kauTumbika rAjA tulya aura rAjA kubera tulya samRddha hote haiM / usa samaya AcArya candra samAna, mAta-pitA devatA samAna, sAsa mAtA samAna, zvasura pitA samAna hote haiM / tatkAlIna janasamAja dharmAdharmavidhijJa, vinIta, satya-zaucasaMpanna, devagurupUjaka aura svadArasaMtoSI hotA hai / vijJAnavettAoM kI kadara hotI hai| kula, zIla tathA vidyA kA mUlya hotA hai / loga Iti, upadrava, bhaya aura zoka se mukta hote haiN| rAjA jina-bhakta hote haiM aura jaina-dharmavirodhI bahudhA apamAnita hote haiM / yaha saba Aja taka thA / aba jaba caupana uttama puruSa vyatIta ho jAyeMge aura kevalI, mana: paryavajJAnI avadhijJAnI tathA zrutakevalI ina saba kA viraha ho jAyagA taba bhAratavarSa kI dazA isake viparIta hotI jAyagI / pratidina manuSya samAja krodhAdikaSAya-viSa se vivekahIna banate jAyeMge / prabala jala - 1. bha0 za0 7, u0 6. pa0 305.309 / zramaNa-14

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210 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra pravAha ke Age jaise gar3ha chinna-bhinna ho jAtA hai vaise hI svacchanda loka-pravAha ke Age hitakara maryAdAe~ chinna-bhinna ho jAyeMgI / jyoM-jyoM samaya bItatA jAyagA jana-samAja dayA-dAna-satyahIna aura kutIrthikoM se mohita hokara adhikAdhika adharmazIla hotA jAyagA / usa samaya grAma zmazAna tulya, nagara pretaloka sadRza, bhadrajana dAsa samAna aura rAjA loga yamadaNDa samAna hoMge / lobhI rAjA apane sevakoM ko pakar3eMge aura sevaka nAgarikoM ko / isa prakAra matsyoM kI taraha durbala sabaloM se satAye jAyeMge / jo anta meM haiM ve madhya meM aura madhya meM haiM ve pratyanta hoMge / binA patavAra ke nAva kI taraha deza Dolate raheMge / cora dhana lUTeMge / rAjA karoM se rASTroM ko utpIr3ita kareMge aura nyAyAdhikArI rizvatakhorI meM tatpara raheMge / janasamAja svajanavirodhI, svArthapriya, paropakAra-nirapekSa aura avicAritabhASI hogA / bahudhA unake vacana asAra hoMge / manuSyoM kI dhanadhAnya viSayaka tRSNA kabhI zAnta nahIM hogI / ve saMsAra-nimagna, dAkSiNyahIna, nirlajja aura dharmazravaNa meM pramAdI hoMge / duSSamAkAla ke ziSya guruoM kI sevA nahIM kareMge aura guru ziSyoM ko zAstra kA zikSaNa nahI deMge / gurukulavAsa kI maryAdA uTha jAyagI / logoM kI buddhi dharma meM zithila ho jAyagI aura pRthvI kSudrajantuoM se bhara jAyagI / deva pRthvI para dRSTigocara nahIM hoMge / putra mAta-pitA kI avajJA kareMge aura kaTuvacana sunAveMge / hAsyoM, bhASaNoM, kaTAkSoM aura savilAsa nirIkSaNoM se nirlajja kulavadhue~ vezyAoM ko bhI zikSaNa deMgI / zrAvaka-zrAvikA aura dAnazIla-tapa-bhAvAtmaka dharma kI hAni hogI / thor3e se kAraNa se zramaNoM aura zramaNiyoM meM jhagar3e hoMge / dharma meM zaThatA aura cApalUsI kA praveza hogA / jhUThe tola-mApa pracalita hoMge / bahudhA durjana jIteMge aura sajjana duHkha pAyeMge / vidyA, maMtra, taMtra, auSadhi, maNi, puSpa, phala, rasa, rUpa, AyuSya, Rddhi, AkRti, U~cAI aura dharma ina saba uttama padArthoM kA hAsa hogA aura duSSama- duSpamA nAmaka chaThe Are meM to inakI atyanta hI hInatA ho jAyagI /

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211 tIrthaMkara-jIvana pratidina kSINatA ko prApta hote hue isa loka meM kRSNapakSa meM candra kI taraha jo manuSya apanA jIvana dhArmika banAkara dharma meM vyatIta kareMge unhIMkA janma saphala hogA / isa hAnizIla duSSamA samaya ke anta meM duHprasaha AcArya, phalguzrI sAdhvI, nAgila zrAvaka aura satyazrI zrAvikA ina cAra manuSyoM kA caturvidhasaMgha zeSa rahegA / vimalavAhana rAjA aura sumukha amAtya ye duSSamAkAlIna bhAratavarSa ke antima rAjA aura amAtya hoMge / duSamA ke anta meM manuSya kA zarIra do hAtha bhara aura AyuSya bIsa varSa kA hogA / duSSamA ke antima dina pUrvAhna meM cAritra-dharma kA, madhyAhna meM rAjadharma kA aura aparAhna meM agni kA viccheda hogA / yaha ikkIsa hajAra varSa kA duSSamAkAla pUrA hokara itane hI varSoM kA duSSama-duSSamA nAmaka chaThA ArA lagegA / taba dharmanIti, rAjanIti Adi ke abhAva meM loka anAtha hoNge| mAtA-putrAdi kA vyavahAra lupta hogA aura manuSyoM meM pazuvRttiyA~ pracalita hoMgI / / duSyamaduSyamA ke prAraMbha meM hI pracaNDa A~dhiyA~ caleMgI aura pralayakArI megha baraseMge jinase bhAratabhUmi ke manuSyoM aura pazuoM kA adhikAMza nAza ho jAyagA / atyalpasaMkhyaka manuSya aura pazu gaMgA evaM sindhu ke taToM para pahAr3I guphAoM meM raheMge aura mAMsa matsyoM ke AhAra se jIvana nirvAha kareMge / avasarpiNI kAla ke duSSama-duSpamA vibhAga ke bAda utsarpiNI kA isI nAma kA prathama ArA lagegA aura ikkIsa hajAra varSa taka bhArata kI vahI dazA rahegI jo chaThe Are meM thI / utsarpiNI kA prathama ArA samApta hokara dUsarA lagegA taba phira zubha samaya kA Arambha hogaa| pahale puSkara-saMvartaka megha barasegA jisase bhUmi kA tApa dUra hogA / phira kSIra megha barasegA jisase dhAnya kI utpatti hogI / tIsarA ghRta- megha barasakara padArtho meM cikanAhaTa utpanna karegA / cauthA amRta-megha barasegA taba nAnA prakAra ke rasa-vIryavAlI oSadhiyA~ utpanna hoMgI aura anta meM rasamegha barasa kara pRthvI Adi meM rasa kI utpatti karegA / ye pA~coM hI megha

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212 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra sAta-sAta dina taka nirantara baraseMge jisase dagdhaprAya banI haI isa bhAratabhUmi para hariyAlI, vRkSa, latA, oSadhi Adi prakaTa hoMge / bhUmi kI isa samRddhi ko dekhakara manuSya guphA-biloM se bAhara Akara maidAnoM meM baseMge aura mAMsAhAra ko chor3akara vanaspatibhojI baneMge / pratidina unameM rUpa, raMga, buddhi, AyuSya Adi kI vRddhi hogI aura utsarpiNI ke duSSamA samaya ke anta taka ve paryApta sabhya bana jAyeMge / ve apanA sAmAjika saMgaThana kareMge / grAma nagara basAkara raheMge / ghor3e, hAthI, baila Adi kA saMgraha karanA sIkheMge / par3hanA, likhanA, zilpakalA Adi kA pracAra hogA / agni ke prakaTa hone para bhojana pakAnA Adi vijJAna pracalita hoMge / duSSamA ke bAda duSpamasuSamA nAmaka tRtIya Araka Arambha hogA jabaki eka-eka karake phira caubIsa tIrthakara hoMge aura tIrthapravartana kara bhAratavarSa meM dharma kA pracAra kareMge / utsapiNI ke duSpamasuSamA ke bAda kramazaH suSamaduSpamA, suSamA aura suSama-suSamA nAmaka cauthA, pA~cavA~ aura chaThA ye tIna Are hoMge / inameM suSamaduSSamA ke Adi bhAga meM phira dharma-karma kA viccheda ho jAyagA / taba jIvoM ke bar3e-bar3e zarIra aura bar3e-bar3e AyuSya hoMge / ve vanoM meM raheMge aura divya vanaspatiyoM se apanA jIvana-nirvAha kareMge / phira avasarpiNI kAla lagegA aura pratyeka vastu kA hAsa hone lagegA / isa ekAra ananta utsarpiNI avasarpiNI isa saMsAra meM vyatIta ho gaIM aura hoMgI / jina jIvoM ne saMsAra-pravAha se nikala kara vAstavika dharma kA ArAdhana kiyA, unhIM ne isa kAlacakra ko pAra kara svasvarUpa ko prApta kiyA aura kareMge / kAlacakra kA savistara svarUpa nirUpaNa karake bhagavAn ne saMsAra ke duHkhoM aura bhramaNoM kI bhayaMkaratA dikhAI jise sunakara aneka bhavya AtmAoM ne saMsAra se virakta ho kara nirgrantha - dharma kI zarama lI / __ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana kA yaha antima varSa thA / isa varSa kA varSA cAturmAsya pAvA meM vyatIta karane kA nirNaya karake Apa rAjA hastipAla

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tIrthaMkara-jIvana 213 kI rajjuga sabhA meM padhAre aura vahIM varSA cAturmAsya kI sthiratA kI / isa varSa bhI bhagavAn ne nirgrantha pravacana kA khAsA pracAra kiyA aura rAjA puNyapAla' pramukha aneka bhavyAtmAoM ko nirgrantha-dharma kI pravrajyA dI / eka-eka karake varSAkAla ke tIna mahIne bIta gaye aura cauthA mahInA lagabhaga AdhA bItane AyA / kArtika-amAvasyA kA prAta:kAla ho cukA thA / usa samaya rAjA hastipAla ke rajjuga sabhAbhavana meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI antima upadeza sabhA huI, jahA~ aneka gaNyamAnya vyakti sammilita hue the jinameM kAzIkozala ke nau licchavI tathA nau malla evaM aThAraha gaNarAja vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / bhagavAn ne apane jIvana kI samApti nikaTa jAna kara antima upadeza kI akhaNDa dhArA cAlU kI jo amAvasyA kI pichalI rAta taka calatI rahI / isa dIrghakAlIna dezanA meM Apane 55 puNya phalavipAka viSayaka, 55 pApaphala-vipAka viSayaka aura 36 apRSTa vyAkaraNa adhyayana sunAye / anta meM pradhAna nAmaka adhyayana kA nirUpaNa karate hue amAvasyA kI pichalI rAta ko zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra isa saMsAra se Urdhvagamana kara gaye--saba karmoM se mukta ho gye| bhagavAn ke nirvANa para ukta gaNarAjoM ne kahA-'saMsAra se bhAvaprakAza uTha gayA, aba dravya-prakAza kareMge / ' indrabhUti gautama, jo usa samaya bhagavAn kI AjJA se nikaTavartI gA~va meM devazarmA brAhmaNa ko upadeza karane ke lie gaye the, bhagavAn ke nirvANa kA samAcAra sunakara bole-'Aja bhAratavarSa zobhAhIna ho gayA / ' 1. zrInemicandrasUrikRta 'mahAvIracariyaM' patra 93 se 99 / 2. puNyapAla rAjA ke pravrajyA lene kA ullekha zrIhemacandrasUri ke mahAvIra caritra

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pariziSTa-khaNDa

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prathama pariccheda ziSya-sampadA jaina AgamoM ke lekhAnusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke indrabhUti Adi caudaha hajAra zramaNa-ziSya the / bhagavAn ne apanI zramaNasaMsthA ko vyavasthA-saukarya kI dRSTi se nau 'gaNoM' meM bA~Ta diyA thA aura isake niyamana ke lie gyAraha pradhAna ziSyoM ko niyata kiyA thA jo 'gaNadhara' nAma se prasiddha the / prathama sAta gaNoM kA eka-eka gaNadhara thA, parantu AThaveM aura naveM gaNa ke do do gaNadhara the / isa prakAra zramaNa bhagavAn ke nau zramaNagaNoM ke adhikArI gyAraha gaNadhara the jinako bhagavAn ne apane kevalajJAna ke dUsare dina vaizAkha zuklA ekAdazI ko niyata kiyA thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ye sabhI gaNadhara gRhasthAzrama meM bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM ke rahanevAle jAtya brAhmaNa the / pAvAmadhyamA nivAsI somilArya brAhmaNa ke AmaMtraNa se ve apane-apane chAtragaNa ke sAtha vahA~ Aye the aura bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dharmasabhA meM jAkara unake ziSya bane the / aura sabhI gaNadhara rAjagRha ke guNazIla caitya meM mAsika anazana ke anta meM AyuSya pUrNakara nirvANa prApta hue the| gaNadharoM ke jIvana Adi kA saMkSipta vRttAnta hameM kalpasUtra, Avazyakaniyukti Adi sUtroM meM milatA hai, jisakA sArAMza dekara hama inakA paricaya karAyeMge /

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218 ( 1 ) indrabhUti gautama bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sabase bar3e ziSya indrabhUti gautama the / gRhasthAzrama meM ye magadha dezAntargata gobara gA~va nivAsI gautamagotrIya brAhmaNa vasubhUti ke jyeSTha putra the / inakI mAtA kA nAma pRthivI thA / ApakA nAma yadyapi indrabhUti thA para ye apane gotrAbhidhAna 'gautama' isa nAma se hI adhika prasiddha zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra I indrabhUti vaidika dharma ke prakhara vidvAn aura adhyApaka the / " vijJAnaghana evaitebhyo bhUtebhyaH samutthAya tAnyevAnuvinazyati, na pretya saMjJAsti" ityAdi zruti vAkyoM se inake mana para tatkAlIna bhautikavAda kA asara ho gayA thA parantu isase viparIta " sa vai ayamAtmA jJAnamayaH" ityAdi AtmasattAsUcaka vaidika vacanoM se Apa nAstika honese bace hue the / ukta dvividha veda vAkyoM ke astitva se gautama kA hRdaya yadyapi AtmAstitva ke saMbandha meM zaMkAzIla rahatA thA parantu apanI yogyatA ke anurUpa na samajha kara athavA samAja-bhaya ke vaza ye apane manogata saMzaya ko kisI ke Age prakaTa nahIM karate the / pAvAmadhyamA nivAsI somilArya ke AmaMtraNa se unake yajJotsava para indrabhUti apane pA~ca sau chAtroM ke sAtha vahA~ Aye hue the / udhara RjuvAlukA ke taTase vihAra kara bhagavAn mahAvIra bhI vaizAkha zuklA ekAdazI ke dina pAvAmadhyamA ke mahAsena udyAna meM padhAre hue the / udyAna meM indrabhUti vAdI banakara mahAvIra ko parAjita karane ke bhAva se unakI dharmasabhA meM gaye para bhagavAn ne unhIM vedapadoM kA vAstavika artha samajhA kara indrabhUti ke mAnasika saMzaya ko dUra kara diyA aura chAtroM ke sAtha unheM apanA ziSya banA liyA / dIkSA ke samaya indrabhUti kI avasthA pacAsa varSa kI thii| ApakA zarIra sundara aura sugaThita thA / pratidina saikar3oM ziSyoM ko AgamavAcanA dene ke atirikta bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zramaNasaMgha kI vyavasthA meM bhI pramukhatA inhIM kI thI aura yaha saba hote hue bhI ye bar3e tapasvI aura vinIta gurubhakta zramaNa the / For Private Personal Use Only

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ziSya-sampadA 219 ___ bhagavAn mahAvIra indrabhUti ke inake bhaktirAga ke viSaya meM TokA karate aura kahate-gautama ! jabataka tere mujha para ke rAga-bandhana na TUTeMge tabataka tere karma-bandha bhI TUTanevAle nahIM / hA~, anta meM tU aura maiM eka hI dazA ko prApta kareMge / jisa rAtri meM mahAvIra kA nirvANa huA usI rAtri ke anta meM indrabhUti gautama ko kevalajJAna prApta huA aura usake bAda Apa bAraha varSa taka jIvita rahe / isa avasthA meM ApakI adhika pravRtti bhagavAn ke dharmapracAra kI tarapha rahI / __ anta meM apanI AyuSya-sthiti samApta hotI dekhakara indramati ne apanA gaNa Arya sudharmA ke supurda kiyA aura Apa guNazIla caitya meM mAsika anazana karake bhagavAn ke nirvANa se bAraha varSa ke bAda 92 varSa kI avasthA meM nirvANa ko prApta hue / (2) agnibhUti gautama agnibhUti gautama indrabhUti gautama ke majhale bhAI the| agnibhUti bhI pA~ca sau chAtroM ke vidvAna adhyApaka the aura somilArya ke yajJotsava para chAtragaNa ke sAtha pAvAmadhyamA Ae the| agnibhUti ke mana para "puruSa evedaM gni sarvaM yadbhUtaM yacca bhAvyaM utAmRtatvasyezAno yadanenAtirohati yadejati yatraijati yahure yadu antike yadantarasya sarvasya yadu sarvasyAsya bAhyataH" ityAdi zrutivAkyoM kI chApa thii| ve puruSA'dvaitavAdI the, parantu "puNyaH puNyena, pApaH pApena karmaNA" ityAdi vacanoM se puruSA'dvaitavAda meM kucha zaMkita bhI the / ___ bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vaidika padoM ke samanvaya dvArA dvaita kI siddhi karake inakI mAnasika zaMkAoM ko dUra kara pAvAmadhyamA ke mahAsena vana meM dIkSA dI aura apanA dUsarA gaNadhara banAyA / ___ agnibhUti ne chayAlIsa varSa kI avasthA meM zrAmaNya dhAraNa kiyA, bAraha varSa taka chadmasthAvasthA meM tapakara kevalajJAna prApta kiyA aura solaha varSa paryanta kevalI avasthA meM vicara kara zramaNa bhagavAn kI jIvita avasthA meM hI, unake nirvANa se karIba do varSa pahale, guNazIla caitya meM mAsika anazana

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220 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anta meM 74 varSa kI avasthA meM nirvANa prApta kiyA / (3) vAyubhUti gautama vAyubhUti indrabhUti ke choTe bhAI the / ye bhI somilArya ke yajJotsava para apane pA~ca sau chAtroM ke sAtha pAvAmadhyamA meM Aye hue the / vAyubhUti ke dArzanika vicAroM kA jhukAva 'tajjIvataccharIravAdI' nAstikoM ke mata kI tarapha thA / "vijJAghana0 " ityAdi pUrvokta zrutivAkya ko ve apane nAstika mata ke vicAroM kA samarthaka mAnate the, parantu dUsarI ora "satyena labhyastapasA hyeSa brahmacaryeNa nityaM jyotirmayo hi zuddho yaM pazyanti dhIrA yatayaH saMyatAtmanaH" ityAdi upaniSad vAkyoM se dehAtirikta AtmA kA pratipAdana hotA thA / isa dvividha vedavANI se vAyubhUti isa viSaya meM zaGkAzIla bane hue the, parantu mahAvIra ne zarIrAtirikta Atmatattva kA pratipAdana karake inake mAnasika saMzayoM ko dUra kiyA aura pA~ca sau chAtroM ke sAtha pravrajyA dekara inheM apanA tIsarA pradhAna ziSya banAyA / / vAyubhUti ne bayAlIsa varSa kI avasthA meM gRhavAsa ko chor3akara zramaNadharma kI dIkSA lI / dasa varSa taka chadmasthAvasthA meM rahane ke uparAnta inheM kevalajJAna prApta huA aura aThAraha varSa kevalI avasthA meM vicare / mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke do varSa pahale vAyubhUti bhI 70 varSa kI avasthA meM mAsika anazana ke anta meM guNazIla caitya meM nirvANa ko prApta (4) Arya vyakta bhagavAn mahAvIra ke cauthe gaNadhara kA nAma Arya vyakta thA / ye kollAga saMniveza nivAsI bhAradvAjagotrIya brAhmaNa the / inakI mAtA vAruNI aura pitA dhanamitra the / Arya vyakta bhI pA~ca sau chAtroM ke adhyApaka the aura somilArya ke AmaMtraNa se yajJotsava para pAvAmadhyamA meM Aye the / Arya vyakta kI vicArasaraNI "svapnopamaM vai sakalamityeSa

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ziSya-sampadA 221 brahmavidhiraJjasA vijJeyaH" ityAdi zruti vAkyoM se brahmavAda kI tarapha jhukI huI thI, para sAtha hI " dyAvApRthivI" tathA "pRthivI devatA, Apo devatA" ityAdi vaidika vacanoM ko dekhakara ve dRzya jagat ko bhI mithyA nahIM mAna sakate the / isa prakAra vyakta saMzayAkula the tathApi apanA saMdeha kisI ko pragaTa nahIM karate the / zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI sarvajJatA kI prazaMsA sunakara vyakta bhI bhagavAn ke samavasaraNa meM gaye jahA~ mahAvIra ne ApakI gupta zaGkA ko prakaTa kiyA aura vedapadoM ke samanvayapUrvaka dvaita kI siddhi kara usakA samAdhAna kiyA / anta meM bhagavAn ne nirgranthapravacana kA upadeza kiyA aura Arya vyakta chAtragaNa sahita bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ziSya ho gaye / Arya vyakta ne pacAsa varSa kI avasthA meM zramaNa dharma svIkAra kiyA, bAraha varSa taka tapa dhyAna karake kevalajJAna pAyA aura aThAraha varSa kevaliparyAya pAla kara bhagavAn ke jIvanakAla ke antima varSa meM assI varSa kI avasthA meM mAsika anazana ke sAtha guNazIla caitya meM nirvANa prApta kiyA / (5) sudharmA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke paJcama ziSya kA nAma sudharmA thA jo Ajakala sudharmA svAmI ke nAma se adhika prasiddha haiM / ve kollAga saMnniveza nivAsI agnivaizyAyanagotrIya brAhmaNa the / inakI mAtA bhaddilA aura pitA dhammila the / ve bhI pA~ca sau chAtroM ke adhyApaka the aura apane chAtragaNa ke sAtha somilArya ke yajJotsava meM pAvAmadhyamA Aye the / " puruSo vai puruSatvamaznute pazavaH pazutvam" ityAdi vaidika vacanoM se sudharmA kI mati janmAntara sAdRzyavAda ke pakSa meM thI para isake viparIta " zRgAlo vai eSa jAyate yaH sapurISo dahyate" ityAdi zrauta vAkyoM se ve janmAntara ke vaisAdRzya kA bhI niSedha nahIM kara sakate the / ina dvividha vacanoM se vidvAn sudharmA isa viSaya meM saMzayagrasta the / For Private Personal Use Only

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ukta vedavAkyoM kA samanvaya karake janmAntara vaisAdRzya siddha karane ke sAtha sudharmA kI zaGkA kA samAdhAna kiyA aura nirgranthapravacana kA upadeza sunA kara unheM chAtragaNa sahita nirgranthamArga kI dIkSA dI aura apanA pA~cavA~ pradhAna ziSya banAyA / 222 sudharmA ne pacAsa varSa kI avasthA meM pravrajyA lI / ve bayAlIsa varSa paryanta chadmasthAvasthA meM vicare; mahAvIra - nirvANa ke bAraha varSa vyatIta honepara kevalI hue aura ATha varSa taka kevalI avasthA meM rahe / zramaNa bhagavAn ke sarva gaNadharoM meM sudharmA dIrghajIvI the isIlie mahAvIra ne sarvaprathama gaNa - samarpaNa sudharmA ko kiyA thA aura anyAnya gaNadharoM ne bhI apane apane nirvANa-samaya para apane gaNa sudharmA ke supurda kiye the / mahAvIra - nirvANa se bIsa varSa ke bAda sudharmA ne sau varSa kI avasthA meM mAsika anazanapUrvaka guNazIla caitya meM nirvANa prApta kiyA / (6) maMDika mahAvIra ke chaThe gaNadhara kA nAma maMDika thA / maMDika mauryasaMniveza ke rahanevAle vAsiSThagotrIya vidvAn brAhmaNa the / inake mAtA-pitA vijayadevA aura dhanadeva the / ve tIna sau pacAsa chAtroM ke adhyApaka the aura somiladvija ke AmaMtraNa se unake yajJotsava para pAvAmadhyamA meM Aye the / vidvAn maMDika ke vicAra sAMkhyadarzana ke samarthaka the aura isakA kAraNa " sa eSa viguNo vibhurna badhyate saMsarati vA na mucyate mocayati vA na vA eSa bAhyamabhyantaraM vA veda" ityAdi zruti vAkya the / isake viparIta "na ha vai sazarIrasya priyApriyayorapahatirasti azarIraM vA vasantaM priyA'priye na spRzataH " isa zrutivAkya se unheM bandha- mokSa ke astitva kA bhI vicAra A jAtA thA / isa kAraNa se ApakA mana kisI eka nizcaya para nahIM pahu~catA thA / zramaNa bhagavAn ne vaidika vAkyoM kA samanvaya karake AtmA kA saMsAritva siddha kiyA aura nirgrantha pravacana kA upadeza dekara chAtragaNa sahita .. For Private Personal Use Only

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ziSya - sampadA maMDika ko ArhatI pravrajyA dekara apanA chaThA gaNadhara banAyA / maMDika ne 53 varSa kI avasthA meM pravrajyA lI, 67 varSa kI avasthA meM kevalajJAna prApta kiyA aura bhagavAn ke jIvanakAla ke antima varSa meM tirAsI varSa kI avasthA meM guNazIla caitya meM nirvANa prApta kiyA / (7) mauryaputra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAtaveM gaNadhara kA nAma mauryaputra thA / mauryaputra kAzyapagotrIya brAhmaNa the / inake pitA kA nAma maurya aura mAtA kA nAma vijayadevA aura gA~va kA nAma maurya saMniveza thA / mauryaputra bhI tIna sau pacAsa chAtroM ke adhyApaka the aura somilArya ke AmaMtraNa se pAvAmadhyamA meM Aye the / 223 44 mauryaputra ko devoM aura devalokoM ke astitva meM saMdeha thA jo "ko jAnAti mAyopamAn gIrvANAnindrayamavaruNakuverAdIn" ityAdi zrutivacanoM ke par3hane se utpanna huA thA, parantu isake viparIta " sa eSa yajJAyudhI yajamAno'JjasA svargalokaM gacchati" tathA 'apAma somamamRtA abhUma, agaman / jyotiH, avidAma devAn, kiM nUnamasmAMstRNavadarAtiH kimu dhUrtiramRtamartyasya " ityAdi vaidika-vAkyoM se devoM kA astitva bhI siddha hotA thA / ataH paNDita mauryaputra kA citta isa viSaya meM zaMkAzIla thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne devoM kA astitva siddha karake mauryaputra ke saMzaya kA samAdhAna kiyA aura nirgranthapravacana kA upadeza kiyA jise hRdayaMgata kara mauryaputra bhagavAn ke ziSya ho gaye / mauryaputra ne paiMsaTha varSa kI avasthA meM mahAvIra kA ziSyatva svIkAra kiyA, unAsI varSa kI avasthA meM kevalajJAna pAyA aura bhagavAn ke jIvanakAla ke antima varSa meM paMcAnabe varSa kI avasthA meM mAsika anazanapUrvaka guNazIla caitya meM nirvANa prApta kiyA / (8) akampita bhagavAn mahAvIra ke aSTama gaNadhara kA nAma akampita thA / akampita For Private Personal Use Only

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224 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra mithilA ke rahanevAle gautamagotrIya brAhmaNa the / ApakI mAtA jayantI aura pitA deva the / vidvAn akampita tIna sau chAtroM ke AcArya the / Apa bhI apanI chAtramaNDalI ke sAtha somilArya ke yajJamahotsava para pAvAmadhyamA Aye hue the / inako narakaloka aura narakajIvoM ke astitva meM zaMkA thI / isa zaMkA kA kAraNa "na ha vai pretya narake nArakAH santi" yaha zruti vAkya thA, parantu isake viparIta "nArako vai eSa jAyate ya: zUdrAnnamazrAti" ityAdi vAkyoM se nArakoM kA astitva bhI siddha hotA thA / isa prakAra ke dvividha veda vacanoM se zaMkAkula bane hue akampita isa bAta kA kucha bhI nirNaya nahIM kara sakate the ki naraka aura nArakoM kA astitva mAnA jAya yA nahIM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne zrutivAkyoM kA samanvaya karake akampita kA saMdeha dUra kiyA / akampita bhI nirgranthapravacana kA upadeza sunakara saMsAra se virakta hue aura chAtragaNa sahita ArhatI pravrajyA svIkAra kI aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke AThaveM gaNadhara ho gaye / akampita ne aDatAlIsa varSa kI avasthA meM gRha-tyAga kiyA, satAvana varSa kI avasthA meM kevalajJAna prApta kiyA aura zramaNa bhagavAn kI jIvitAvasthA ke antima varSa meM guNazIla caitya meM mAsika anazana pUrA karake aThahattara varSa kI avasthA meM nirvANa prApta kiyA / (9) acalabhrAtA __ acalabhrAtA kozalA nivAsI hArItagotrIya brAhmaNa the / ApakI mAtA nandA aura pitA vasu the / ye tIna sau chAtroM ke vidvAn adhyApaka the aura somilArya ke yajJotsava meM pAvAmadhyamA Aye the / ___ paNDita acalabhrAtA ko puNya-pApa ke astitva meM zaMkA thI / inakA tarka yaha thA ki "puruSa evedaM gni0" ityAdi zrutipadoM se jaba kevala puruSa kA hI astitva siddha kiyA jAtA hai taba puNya - pApa ke astitva kI zakyatA hI kahA~ rahatI hai ? parantu dUsarI tarapha "puNyaH puNyena0" ityAdi vedavAkyoM se puNyapApa kA astitva bhI sUcita hotA thA / isalie isa viSaya kA vAstavika

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ziSya-sampadA 225 siddhAnta kyA honA cAhie, isa bAta kA acalabhrAtA kucha bhI nirNaya kara nahIM sake the| __ acalabhrAtA jaba mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa meM gaye to bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vedavacanoM kA samanvaya karake puNya-pApa kA astitva pramANita kara unakI zaMkA kA samAdhAna kiyA aura nirgranthapravacana kA upadeza sunAkara unheM apanA ziSya banA liyA / acalabhrAtA ne chayAlIsa varSa kI avasthA meM gArhasthya kA tyAga kara zrAmaNya dhAraNa kiyA, bAraha varSa tapa-dhyAna kara kevalajJAna prApta kiyA aura caudaha varSa kevalI dazA meM vicara kara bahattara varSa kI avasthA meM mAsika anazana kara guNazIla caitya meM nirvANa prApta kiyA / (10) metArya zramaNa bhagavAn ke dasaveM gaNadhara kA nAma metArya thA / ye vatsadezAntargata tuMgika saMniveza ke rahanevAle kauDinyagotrIya brAhmaNa the| inakI mAtA varuNadevA aura pitA datta nAmaka the / metArya bhI somila ke AmaMtraNa para apane tIna sau chAtroM ke sAtha pAvAmadhyamA gaye the / vidvAn metArya "vijJAnaghana evaitebhyo bhUtebhyaH samutthAya0" ityAdi vedavAkyoM se punarjanma ke viSaya meM zaMkAzIla the, parantu "nityaM jyotirmayo0" ityAdi zrutipadoM se AtmA kA astitva aura "zrRgAlo vai eSa jAyate" ityAdi zrutiyoM se usakA punarjanma dhvanita hone se isa viSaya meM ve kucha bhI nizcaya nahIM kara pAte the / zramaNa bhagavAn ne medArya ko vedapadoM kA tAtparya samajhAne ke sAtha punarjanma kI sattA pramANita kI aura nirgranthapravacana kA upadeza karake unako nirgrantha zramaNapatha kA pathika banAyA / metArya ne chattIsa varSa kI avasthA meM mahAvIra kA ziSyatva aMgIkAra kiyA, dasa varSa taka tapa-japa- dhyAna kara kevalajJAna prApta kiyA aura solaha varSa kevalI jIvana meM vicare / anta meM bhagavAn ke nirvANa se cAra varSa pahale zramaNa 15

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226 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra bAsaTha varSa kI avasthA meM unhoMne guNazIla caitya meM nirvANa prApta kiyA / (11) prabhAsa paNDita prabhAsa kauDinyagautrIya brAhmaNa the| inakI mAtA atibhadrA aura pitA bala nAmaka the / ye rAjagRha meM rahate the aura somilArya ke AmaMtraNa para unake mahotsava meM apane tIna sau chAtroM ke sAtha pAvAmadhyamA meM Aye the / prabhAsa ko AtmA kI mukti ke viSaya meM saMdeha thA / "jarAmaryaM vA etatsarvaM yadagnihotram" isa zruti ne unake saMzaya ko puSTa kiyA thA, parantu kucha vedapada aise bhI the jo AtmA kI muktadazA kA sUcana karate the / "dve brahmaNI veditavye paramaparaM ca, tatra paraM satyaM jJAnamanantaM brahma" isa zrutivAkya se AtmA kI baddha aura mukta donoM avasthAoM kA pratipAdana hotA thA / isa dvividha vedavANI se prabhAsa saMdehazIla rahate the ki AtmanirvANa jaisI koI cIja hai bhI yA nahIM ? paNDita prabhAsa ko saMbodhana kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-Arya prabhAsa ! tumane zrutivAkyoM ko ThIka nahIM samajhA / "jarAmaryaM0" ityAdi zruti se tuma AtmanirvANa ke abhAva kA anumAna karate ho, yaha ThIka nahIM / yaha veda vAkya gRhAzramI kI jIvanacaryA kA sUcaka hai, na ki nirvANAbhAva kA pratipAdaka / bhagavAn ke spaSTIkaraNa se prabhAsa kA saMzaya dUra ho gayA aura nirgrantha pravacana kA upadeza sunakara ve bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ziSya ho gaye / prabhAsa ne solaha varSa kI avasthA meM zramaNadharma ko aMgIkAra kiyA / ATha varSa taka tapa dhyAna kara kevalajJAna prApta kiyA aura solaha varSa kevalI dazA meM vicare / zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kevalI jIvana ke pacIsaveM varSa guNazIla caitya meM mAsika anazanapUrvaka prabhAsa ne cAlIsa varSa kI avasthA meM nirvANa prApta kiyA /

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ziSya-sampadA kamAGga 1. indrabhUti gautama 2. agnibhUti gautama 3. vAyubhUti gautama 4. vyakta 5. sudharmA gaNadhara nAma | gautra nAma gA~va nAma 6. maMDika 7. mauryaputra 8. akampita 9. acala bhrAtA metArya 10. 11. prabhAsa kAzyapa ekAdazagaNadhara koSThaka bhAradvAja agni vaizyAyana kollaga vAsiSTha gautama kauDinya govara gA~va 50 30 12 42 92 govara gA~va 46 12 govara gA~va kollAga maurya saMniveza maurya saMniveza mithilA hArIta kauDinya | tuMgika | saMniveza rAjagRha gRhasthAzrama chadmasthaparyAya | kozalA kevalIparyAya zrAmaNyaparyAya sarvAyuH 16 | 28 | 74 42 10 18 28 70 50 12 18 | 30 80 50 | 42 8 53 | 14 16 30 83 65 14 16 30 95 48 9 21 30 78 46 12 14 26 72 36 | 10 | 16 26 62 16 8 16 24 40 For Private Personal Use Only * 2 ai ai vIrakevalotpatti se ni. 227 |50 100 50 guNazIla caitya nirvANa sthAna 42 guNazIla caitya 28 28 guNazIla caitya guNazIla caitya 30 guNazIla caitya 30 guNazIla caitya 30 guNazIla caitya 30 guNazIla caitya 26 guNazIla caitya 26 guNazIla caitya 24 guNazIla caitya

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dvitIya pariccheda pravacana guru-pahale jJAna prApta karo, phira bandhana ko samajha kara tor3o / ziSya-bhagavAn vIra ne kise bandhana kahA hai aura kisake jJAna se vaha TUTatA hai ? guru--jo sacitta-acitta padArtha kA thor3A bhI saMgraha karatA hai athavA karane kI AjJA detA hai vaha duHkha se kabhI nahIM chUTatA / jo svayaM hiMsA karatA hai, dUsaroM se karAtA hai athavA karanevAloM ko uttejana detA hai vaha apane liye vaira bar3hatA hai / jisa kula meM utpanna huA athavA jinake sAtha rahatA hai unakI mamatA aura anyAya (prANiyoM tathA vastuoM) ke moha meM pha~sA huA ajJAnI manuSya apane astitva kA lopa kara detA hai / 'yaha dhana aura ye bhAI, koI kisI kA rakSaka nahIM' saMsAra kI yaha sthiti jAna kara hI jIva karmoM se chuTakArA pAtA hai / kucha zramaNa-brAhmaNa ukta siddhAntoM ko chor3a kara kAma-bhogoM meM hI Asakta ho rahe haiN| unameM se kucha kahate haiM--pRthivI, pAnI, agni, vAyu, aura AkAza ina paJcamahAbhUtoM kA hI vAstavika astitva hai / ina pA~ca mahAbhUtoM se eka padArtha kI utpatti hotI hai, jo 'dehI' isa nAma se vyavahRta hotA hai / parantu bhUtoM ke nAza ke sAtha hI isa 'dehI' kA bhI nAza ho

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pravacana 229 jAtA hai| koI kahate haiM-jaise yaha pArthiva stUpa eka hone para bhI nAnArUpa dIkhatA hai, vaise hI yaha saMpUrNa loka 'vidvAn' mAtra hone para bhI nAnArUpa dIkhAtA hai / para aisA kahanevAle mandabuddhi aura AraMbha-rasika haiM / isa prakAra AtmA'dvaita kA bahAnA kara ve svayaM pApa karake kaThora duHkha ko prApta hote haiM / dUsare koI kahate haiM--bAla aura paNDita saba kI AtmA bhinna-bhinna hai, para vaha hai isI bhava taka / marane ke bAda phira usakI utpatti nahIM hotI kyoMki puNya, pApa athavA paraloka jaisI koI vastu hI nahIM hai / zarIra-nAza ke sAtha hI tadgata zarIrI kA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai / dUsare koI kahate haiM--AtmA 'akAraka' hai / vaha na kucha karatI hai, na karAtI hai / jo loga aisI bAteM karate haiM unake liye sacamuca hI loka nahIM hai / ve yahA~ andhakAra meM haiM aura Age isase bhI adhika andhakAra meM jA par3ege / kaI eka kahate haiM-saMsAra meM kula cha: padArtha haiM, pA~ca to mahAbhUta aura chaThA AtmA / inake mata meM AtmA aura loka zAzvata haiM / inakA na kabhI nAza hotA hai, na utpatti / saba bhAva sarvathA nitya haiM / / kaI ajJAnI kevala paJcaskandha kA hI astitva mAnate haiM aura vaha bhI kSaNika / anya matavAloM kI taraha inake mata meM nitya athavA anitya kisI bhI taraha kI AtmA kA astitva nahIM hai / koI kahate haiM-loka cAturdhAtuka hai / vaha pRthivI, pAnI, tejas aura vAyu ina cAra dhAtuoM se banA hai / ye saba matavAdI apane apane darzana kI zreSThatA pratipAdana karate hue kahate haiM ki gRhasthAzramI ho, araNyavAsI ho cAhe parivrAjaka, jo hamAre isa darzana ko prApta hue haiM, ve saba duHkhoM se mukti pAyeMge / yathArtha tattva kI khoja kiye binA jo vAdI apane-apane samaya kI

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230 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra zreSThatA batA rahe haiM ve dharma ke jJAtA nahIM / unakI unnati nahIM ho sakatI / ve saMsAra, garbha, janma, duHkha aura mAra ko nahIM jIta sakate / aise jIva isa jarA - maraNa aura vyAdhi se pUrNa saMsAracakra meM bAra-bAra aneka duHkhoM kA anubhava karate haiM aura ananta bAra U~ca-nIca gatiyoM meM garbhAvAsa ke duHkha prApka kareMge / aisA jJAtaputra mahAvIra kahate haiM / 2 1 kinhIM kA kathana hai-- jIva pratyeka zarIra meM bhinna-bhinna hai, yaha satya hai / ve sukha duHkha kA anubhava karate aura mara kara phira janma lete haiM, yaha bhI sahI hai / parantu vaha sukha duHkha na svakRta hotA hai na anyakRta / kAraNika athavA akAraNika kisI bhI prakAra kA sukha duHkha svayaMkRta athavA anyakRta nahIM hotA, kintu vaha saba niyata hotA hai / isa prakAra bolanevAle matavAdI apane ko paMDita mAnate hue bhI mUrkha haiM / vastutaH niyata kyA hai aura aniyata kyA ise unhoMne samajhA hI nahIM / parantu Azcarya to yaha hai ki saba kucha niyativaza mAnate hue bhI ve duHkha se chUTane ke liye sAdhanA karate haiM / to kyA isa prakAra ajJAna - kaSTa sahana karane se ve niyata duHkha se chUTa sakate haiM ? kabhI nahIM / jisa prakAra bar3I tejI se daur3ate hue bhayabhIta mRga azaMkanIya padArthoM para zaMkA karate haiM aura vAstavika zaMkAsthAnoM meM nirbhaya hokara daur3ate haiM, arthAt rakSA ke upAyoM ko zaMkA se dekhate haiM aura pha~sAnevAle pAzoM kA bhaya na rakhate hue ve ajJAna aura bhaya se vyAkula hokara jahA~ tahA~ bhAgate haiM / yadi ve bandhanoM se baca kara nikala jAyeM to pAza se baca bhI sakate haiM, parantu ajJAnI ise dekhate hI nahIM / unakI AtmA aura buddhi apanA hita jAnatI hI nahIM / ve unhIM viSamasthAnoM meM pahu~cate haiM jahA~ unako pha~sAne ke liye pAza taiyAra rahate haiM / pariNAmataH vahA~ pha~sa kara ve vinAza ko prApta hote haiM / usI prakAra kaI eka mithyAdRSTi anArya zramaNa dharmaprajJApanA jaisI bAtoM 1. sUtrakRtAGga zru0 1, a0 1, uddezaka 1, pa0 12-29 / For Private Personal Use Only

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pravacana 231 meM to zaMkA karate haiM aura AraMbhAdi zaMkanIya kAmoM meM nirazaMkatayA pravRtti karate haiM / pariNAma isakA yaha hotA hai ki lobha, ahaMkAra, kapaTa aura krodha kA tyAga kara ve AtmA ko karma-mukta nahIM kara sakate aura jabataka mukti kA upAya nahIM jAnate tabataka bhayabhrAnta mRgoM kI taraha ve ananta samaya taka maraNa ke duHkhoM ko bhogA kareMge / ve kahate haiM-zramaNa aura brAhmaNa saba koI apanA-apanA jJAna satya pramANita karate haiM, tathApi sampUrNaloka meM jo prANadhArI haiM unake viSaya meM ve kucha nahIM jAnate / jaise AryabhASAnabhijJa mleccha Arya kI bolI kA anukaraNa kara sakatA hai, para vaha usakA tAtparya nahIM samajhatA, vaise hI saba matavAdI apanA-apanA jJAna kahate haiM para mleccha kI taraha ve ajJAnI usakA nizcayArtha nahIM jAnate / isa prakAra sabhI ko ajJAnI kahanevAle aura apane Apako bhI ajJAnI mAnanevAle ajJAniyoM ko tarka karane kA adhikAra hI kyA hai, kyoMki ajJAna se to unake tarka kA nirNaya hogA nahIM aura jJAna ko ve mAnate nahIM / isa prakAra jo apane hI siddhAnta kA pratipAdana karane meM samartha nahIM hote ve dUsaroM kA anuzAsana kyA kareMge ? jaMgala meM bhUlA huA prANI bhUle hue kA anugamana karake iSTa sthAna ko nahIM pAtA, kintu donoM ghora kaSTa ko prApta hote haiM / isa prakAra ajJAnI Apa bhUle hue haiM aura anuyAyiyoM ko bhulAte haiM / jaise svayaM andhA manuSya dUsare andhe ko ThIka rAste se nahIM le jA sakatA vaise hI ajJAnI apane ko mokSAbhilASI aura dharmArAdhaka mAnate hue bhI apane anuyAyiyoM ko sarala mArga para na le jAkara adharma ke mArga para car3hAte haiM / isa prakAra kaI durbuddhi matavAdI apane-apane tarkavAda ko nirdoSa mAna kara usa para DaTe rahate haiM, para anya kI sevA kara tattva kI khoja nahIM karate / kevala tarka-sAdhanA se hI dharma-adharma kA jJAna nahIM hotA aura du:kha ke bandhana nahIM TUTate / vicAra hI vicAra karane se pakSI piMjare se nahIM chUTa sakatA / apanI-apanI prazaMsA aura dUsaroM ke vacana kI nindA kara jo apanI vidvattA batAte haiM, ve saMsAra meM apanA bhramaNa bar3hAte haiM /

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232 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra eka aura darzana hai jo kriyAvAdI darzana kahalAtA hai, para isake anuyAyiyoM meM karma kI cintA nahIM hai / ve kahate haiM-buddhi se mAnasika hiMsA karane para bhI jabataka zarIra se hiMsA nahIM hotI, koI pApa nahIM lagatA / isI taraha ajJAnatA se zarIra se hiMsA ho jAne para bhI koI pApa nahIM / unake mata meM karmabandha tIna kAraNoM se hotA hai-vicArapUrvaka svayaM hiMsA karane se, vicArapUrvaka AjJA dekara anya se hiMsA karAne se aura hiMsAkArI kA vicArapUrvaka anumodana karane se / kucha bhI karo, jisakA bhAva vizuddha hogA vaha nirvANa prApta kara legA / hitabuddhi se pitA putra ko mAra kara usakA mA~sa khA jAya athavA bhikSu usakA bhojana kara le tathApi yadi unakA mana zuddha hogA to pApa kA lepa nahIM lagegA / jo mana se dveSa karate haiM unakA citta zuddha nahIM hotA / binA citta-zuddhi ke saMvarabhAva nahIM AtA / isa dRSTivAle zArIrika sukha ke upAsaka haiM / ve isI ko zaraNa samajhate hue pApa kA sevana karate haiM / jisa prakAra jAtyandha manuSya sacchidra nAva meM baiTha kara pAra hone kI icchA karatA huA bhI bIca meM hI duHkha pAtA hai, usI prakAra kaI eka mithyAdRSTi zramaNa saMsAra se pAra hone kI icchA karate hue bhI saMsAra meM hI bhramaNa karate rahate haiM / bhakta ke dvArA atithi ke nimitta banavAyA huA bhojana to kyA, usake sahasrAMza se mizrita bhojana karanevAlA bhikSu bhI AcAra meM nahIM calatA / bhojana ke doSoM ko na jAnanevAle aura karmabandha ke siddhAntoM meM apravINa, aise vartamAna sukha ke abhilASI katipaya zramaNa una vaizAlika matsyoM kI taraha vinAza ko prApta hoMge, jo jala-pravAha ke sAtha sthAnacyuta hokara mAMsArthI DhaMka aura kaMka pakSiyoM se duHkha pAte haiM / eka aura ajJAna hai / koI kahate haiM ki yaha loka 'deva' kA boyA huA hai / anya kahate 1. sUtrakRtAGga zru0 1, a0 1, u0 2. pa0 29-39 /

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pravacana 233 haiM ise 'brahmA' ne boyA hai| kisI ke mata se loka IzvarakRta hai aura kisI ke mata se pradhAnakRta / kucha matavAdI kahate haiM ki isa sacarAcara loka ko 'svayaMbhU' ne banAyA hai aura mAra ke mAyA-vistAra ke kAraNa vaha 'azAzvata' hai / / dUsare brAhmaNa-zramaNa kahate haiM--yaha jagat aNDe se utpanna huA hai / isa prakAra brahmA ke dvArA aNDAdi krama se sRSTiracanA batAte hue ve vAstava meM mRSAbhASaNa karate haiM / lokaracanA ke saMbandha meM siddhAnta pratipAdana karanevAle isa tattva ko nahIM jAnate ki 'loka' apane paryAyarUpa se hI 'kRta' hai aura usI rUpa se "vinAzI' bhI / kAraNarUpa se yaha na 'kRta' hai, na "vinAzI' / duHkha bhI asadanuSThAnajanya hai, na ki IzvarakRta / jinako duHkhotpatti kA kAraNa hI ajJAta hai ve duHkhamArga ko rokanA kaise jAneMge ? kinhIM kA yaha bhI kathana hai ki 'AtmA' svayaM 'zuddha' aura 'niSpApa' hai para krIDA athavA dveSa ke vaza hokara vaha karma-lipta ho jAtI hai, para muni hokara karmadvAroM ko rokane se vaha phira 'niSpApa' ho jAtI hai| jisa prakAra sthira rahane se pAnI svaccha ho jAtA hai aura hilane-Dolane se malina / ThIka yahI dazA AtmA kI bhI hai / saMvarabhAva se vaha nirmala hotI hai aura rAgadveSa se samala / buddhimAn manuSya samajha le ki isa prakAra svamata kA samarthana karanevAle matavAdI brahmacarya-pradhAna saMyamAnuSThAna meM pravRtti nahIM karate / yadyapi ve saba apane-apane mata kA samarthana karate hue yahI kahate haiM ki hamArA mata svIkAra karane se hI siddhi hai, anyathA nahIM / hamAre anuyAyI mokSaprApti ke pahale hI svavaza hokara saba iSTa siddhiyoM ko prApta karate haiM aura anta meM mukti prApta kara sarvathA karmarogoM se dUra ho jAte haiM / isa prakAra siddhi ko Age karake apane abhiprAyoM ko puSTa karate haiM, para karma-bandha ke dvAroM ko na rokane se ve dIrghakAla taka saMsAra ke nIca sthAnoM meM bhramaNa kiyA kareMge / 1. sUtrakRtAGga zru. 1, a0 1. u0 3, pa0 41 47 /

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234 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra jagat kI sthUla vastuoM meM avasthA parivartana hotA rahatA hai aura jagat ke padArtha avasthAntara ko prApta hote haiM / 'saba prANI duHkha se Darate haiM, isaliye ve ahiMsya hai' isa ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko jAnate hue jJAnI ke jJAna kA yahI sAra hai ki vaha kisI kI hiMsA na kare / AcAra-mArga meM rahatA huA aura Asakti kA tyAga karatA huA bhikSu calane-phirane, sone-baiThane aura khAne-pIne meM viveka rakkhe / ina tInoM hI bAtoM meM niraMtara saMyama rakhanevAle, garva, krodha, kapaTa aura lobha ke tyAgI, pA~ca saMvaroM se saMvRta aura gRhasthoM ke moha-pAza se dUra rahate hue bhikSu ko mokSa ke lie sadA pravRtta rahanA cAhiye / / dharmya-zruta jambU ne pUchA-buddhimAn brAhmaNa (mahAvIra) ne kaunasA dharma kahA hai ? sudharmA bole-jinoM kA jo sarala aura yathAtathya dharma hai, use kahatA hU~, suno / brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya, caNDAla, bukkasa, eSika, vaizika, zUdra aura anya koI bhI jIva jo AraMbha aura parigraha meM magna haiM ve baira bar3hA rahe haiM / unakI icchAyeM AraMbhapUrNa hone se ve duHkha se chuTakArA nahIM pAte / parigrahadhArI ke marate hI usake viSayAbhilASI jJAtijana maraNakRtya karane ke anantara usakA dhana kabje meM kara lete haiM aura karmoM kA phala kamAnevAlA bhogatA hai| apane karmoM se marate hue kI rakSA ke lie mAtA, pitA, bhAI, strI aura sage bhAI koI samartha nahIM, isa paramArtha ko jAnatA huA bhikSu dhana, putra, 1. sUtrakRtAGga zru0 1, a0 1, u0 4, pa0 47-51 /

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pravacana 235 jJAtijana aura parigraha Adi kA tyAga kara nirahaMkAra aura nirapekSabhAva se jinakathita dharmamArga kA AcaraNa karatA huA vicare / pRthivI, pAnI, agni, vAyu, ghAsa, vRkSa, bIja Adi vanaspati aura aNDaja, potaja, jarAyuja, rasaja, saMsvedaja tathA udbhijja Adi trasa, ina cha: jIvanikAyoM kA jJAna prApta kara vidvAn bhikSu mana, vacana aura kAya se inake AraMbha aura parigraha kA tyAga kare / asatya vacana, ayAcita sthAna aura strI-sevA ye loka meM karmabandha ke kAraNa haiM, yaha jAna kara bhikSu inakA tyAga kare / kapaTa, lobha, krodha aura ahaMkAra ko karma-bandha kA hetu jAna kara bhikSu inakA tyAga kare / sugandha, puSpamAlA, snAna, dAtuna, parigraha aura strI-saMgrahAdi kAmoM kA bhikSu tyAga kare / bhikSu ke uddeza se banAye gae, kharIde gae, mA~gakara lAye gae aura sthAnAntara se sAmane lAye gae AhArAdi ko dUSita aura akalpanIya samajha kara bhikSu unakA tyAga kare / pauSTika rasAyana, netrAJjana, rasalolupatA, paropaghAtaka snAna-vilepanAdi ko karma-bandha kA kAraNa jAna kara bhikSu inakA tyAga kare / asaMyatoM ke sAtha paryAlocanA, unake kAmoM kI prazaMsA, jyotiSanimitta saMbandhI praznoM ke uttara aura gRhasvAmI ke yahA~ bhojana ityAdi kA vidvAn bhikSu tyAga kare / bhikSu juA khelanA na sIkhe, dharma viruddha vacana na bole, kisI ke sAtha mArA- mArI athavA vivAda na kare / jUtA, chAtA, paMkhA, nAlikA aura anyonya-kriyA ina sabakA bhikSu tyAga kare / muni harI ghAsa para mala-mUtra na kare aura na vahA~ jalazauca kare /

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236 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra bhikSu bhUkhA rahe para gRhastha ke pAtra meM bhojana na kare / nagna phire para gRhastha kA veSa kabhI na pahane / vidvAn bhikSu cArapAI athavA palaMga para na baiThe, gRhastha ke ghara meM Asana na lagAve aura unake kAmoM kI pUchatAcha kara pUrvAvasthA kA smaraNa na kare / vidvAn bhikSu yaza, kIrti, prazaMsA, vandana, pUjana aura viSayasukha kI kabhI icchA na kare / jitane se apanA nirvAha ho sake bhikSu utanA hI AhAra-pAnI grahaNa kare athavA dUsare bhikSuoM ko dAna kare, adhika nahIM / yaha saba nirgrantha mahAmuni mahAvIra ne kahA hai| unhIM anantajJAnI aura anantadarzI bhagavAn ne isa dharma aura jJAna kA upadeza kiyA hai / bhikSu ko bAteM karate hue do AdamiyoM ke bIca meM nahIM bolanA cAhiye aura na use kapaTa-vacana hI kahanA cAhiye / vaha jo bhI bole vicArapUrvaka bole / cAra bhASAoM meM tIsarI (satyAmRSA) vaha bhASA hai jise bola kara bolanevAle pIche pazcAttApa karate haiM / 'jo gupta hai use kabhI prakAza meM mata bolo' nirgrantha jJAtaputra kI yahI AjJA hai| ___ holA ! sakhe ! vAsiSThi ! ityAdi snehapUrvaka saMbodhanoM se aura 'tU' 'tuma' ityAdi tiraskArasUcaka vacanoM se bhikSu kisI ko na bulAye / bhikSu ko sadA suzIla rahanA cAhiye aura kuzIloM kI tarapha se honevAlI pralobhaka burAiyoM ko jAnate hue use unakA saMga taka na karanA cAhiye / binA kAraNa muni gRhastha ke ghara meM na baiThe. baccoM ke khela na khele, adhika na ha~se aura sAMsArika sukha kI utkaNTA na kare, kintu yatanApUrvaka zramaNadharma kA ArAdhana karatA huA apramAdI hokara vicare /

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237 saMyama - nirvAha ke lie vicaratA huA anagAra AnevAle kaSToM ko sahana kare, mAra par3ane aura Akroza sunane para bhI krodha aura kolAhala na kare / kaSToM ko zAntacitta se sahana karane aura indriya-sukha kI cAhanA na karane kA nAma hI 'viveka' hai / pravacana bhikSu ko nitya AcArya ke pAsa raha kara Arya vacanoM kA abhyAsa karanA cAhiye / isakI prApti ke lie use buddhimAn gItArtha kI sevA karanI cAhiye / jo dhIra, vIra, jitendriya aura AtmagaveSI haiM, jo ghara meM prakAza aura saMsArataraNa kA upAya na dekhakara zramaNadharma svIkAra karate haiM, jo zabda, sparzAdi viSayoM meM Asakta nahIM haiM aura jo AraMbha- tyAgI tathA jIvita se nirapekSa haiM ve avazya hI bandhana se mukta hote haiM / Upara jo vistRta rUpa se heya - upAdeya kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai usakA sAra yahI hai ki mAna, mAyA aura sarva prakAra kI sukhazIlatAoM ko chor3a kara vidvAn muni nirvANa kA anusandhAna kare / dArzanikoM kI mUlazAkhAe~ jinakA vAdI loga nAnA prakAra se varNana karate haiM aisI darzanoM kI mUla zAkhAe~ cAra haiM- kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, vinayavAda aura ajJAnavAda / kuzala bhI ajJAnI apane mata kA samanvaya nahIM kara sakate aura na ve apanI zaMkAoM kI nivRtti hI kara sakate haiM, kyoMki unake guru bhI to ajJAnI hote haiM / ve apane ziSyoM ko ajJAna ke sivA aura batA hI kyA sakate haiM ? vAstava meM binA vicAre bola kara ajJAnI mRSAvAda kA poSaNa karate haiM / satya ko asatya samajhate aura bure ko bhalA kahate hue vinayavAdI sarvatra vinaya kA hI samarthana karate haiM / yathArthajJAnI na hote hue bhI ve kahate haiM ki hamAre mata meM vinaya hI mukti kA kAraNa hai / 1. sUtrakRtAGga zra0 1, adhyAya 9, 10 177-195 / For Private Personal Use Only

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238 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra karmoM se na DaranevAle akriyAvAdI kriyAoM kA astitva hI nahIM mAnate / para jaba ve apane hI vacanoM se mizrAbhAva ko prApta hote hue pakaDe jAte haiM to pratyuttara na dete hue gUMge ho jAte haiM athavA 'hamAre mata meM koI virodha nahIM' aisA kaha kara apanA piNDa chur3Ate haiM / paramArtha ko na samajhate hue akriyAvAdI aisI aisI viparIta bAteM kahate haiM jinheM aMgIkAra karake aneka manuSya saMsAra-bhramaNa karate haiN| ve kahate haiMna sUrya udaya-asta hotA hai, na candramA bar3hatA-ghaTatA hai, na jala bahatA hai aura na vAyu calatI hai / yaha saMpUrNa loka kevala zUnyamAtra hai / jaise andhA netra na hone se prakAza meM bhI rUpa nahIM dekha sakatA vaise hI kuNThitabuddhi akriyAvAdI loga pratyakSa padArtha-kriyA ko bhI nahIM dekhate / __ aneka buddhimAn manuSya jyotiSa, svapna, lakSaNa, nimitta, utpAta aura aMgavidyA prabhRti aSTAMga nimitta kA abhyAsa karake bhI saMsAra meM honevAle bhAvoM ko jAna lete haiM / hA~, unameM se kisI kA vaha jJAna zAstra kA rahasya na jAnane ke kAraNa asatya bhI nikala sakatA hai, para isase vidyA kA hI tyAga karanA aura padArthamAtra kA niSedha kara denA ThIka nahIM / __ jo yathArthavedI zramaNa-brAhmaNa kriyAvAdI haiM, ve logoM ke sAmane yaha upadesa karate haiM--saMsAra meM jo duHkha hai vaha apanI hI karanI kA phala hai / sajjJAna aura saccAritra se isa duHkha se mukti ho sakatI hai / yathArthavedI upadezaka hI lokacakSu aura lokanAyaka haiM aura ve hI prajA ko hitamArga kA upadeza kara sakate haiN| aise hitopadezakoM se hI mAnava-samAja ko isa saMsAra kI azAzvatatA kA bodha ho sakatA hai / ____ isa saMsAra meM rAkSasa, bhUta, deva, gandharva, AkAzagata aura pRthivIgata jo koI dehadhArI haiM ve saba vinazvara haiM, koI amara nahIM / jise agAdha aura apAra jala kahate haiM vahI durmocya gahana saMsAra hai jisameM DUbe hue viSayAbhilASI prANI yahA~ mAre-mAre phirate haiM aura paraloka meM durgatiyoM kI pIr3AoM kA anubhava kareMge / ajJAnI nirantara pravRtti karate hue bhI karmoM ko nahIM tor3a sakate aura

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pravacana 239 jo jJAnI tathA dhIra haiM ve hI nivRtti ke mArga meM rahate hue bhI karmoM kA kSaya kara dete haiM aura lobha tathA ahaMkAra se dUra raha kara naye pApa karmoM se bacate haiM / ve jJAnAvaraNIyAdi karmoM ko toDa kara trikAlajJAnI ho lokavartI saba padArthoM ko jAnate, mokSArthiyoM ke nAyaka banate aura svayaMbuddha ho kara karmoM kA nAza karate haiM / ve svayaM aisA koI kArya nahIM karate aura na anya se karAte haiM jisameM prANI-hiMsA kI zaMkA bhI ho / ve indriyoM ko vaza meM rakhate hue Atma-sAdhanA meM nirantara lage rahate haiM aura dhIra ho kara jJAnamArga meM vicarate haiM / jJAnI sUkSma-bAdara sabhI dehadhAriyoM ko Atmatulya mAnate haiM aura isa mahAn loka ko jIvAkIrNa jAnate hue apramAdI ho kara vicarate haiM / jo svayaM athavA dasaroM ke upadeza se jJAna prApta karate haiM ve apanA aura dUsare kA bhalA karane meM samartha hote haiM / jo vicArapUrvaka dharma ko prakaTa karanA cAhe vaha aise jyotirdharoM ke pAsa sadA nivAsa kare / __ jo AtmA aura loka ko jAnatA hai, jo jIvoM kI gati-Agati ko jAnatA hai, jo zAzvata-azAzvata ko jAnatA hai, jo janma-maraNa ko jAnatA hai, jo utpatti-punarjanma ko jAnatA hai aura jo Asrava-saMvara-duHkha-nirjarA ko jAnatA hai vahI kriyAvAda kA upadeza karane kA adhikArI hai / kriyAvAdI na manohara zabda-rUpAdi indriyArthoM meM Asakta ho, na bure gandharasAdi viSayoM kA dveSa kare, na jIvita kI icchA kare aura na maraNa kI / sarvabhAvoM meM samadRSTivAlA ho karmoM se bacatA huA niSkapaTa bana kara vicare / puNDarIka-dRSTAnta AyuSmAn bhagavAn ke zrImukha se puNDarIka kA dRSTAnta isa prakAra maiMne sunA hai--eka jala aura daladala se paripUrNa bar3I sundara jhIla hai / usameM 1. sUtrakRtAGga adhyayana 12, pa0 211-224 /

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240 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra jagaha jagaha puNDarIka uge hue haiM / una saba ke bIca jhIla ke madhyabhAga meM eka bahuta bar3A puNDarIka hai jisake puSpoM kI sugandha aura saundarya advitIya hai / pUrva dizA se eka puruSa jhIla ke pAsa AyA aura taTa para khar3A ho usa puNDarIka ko dekha kara bolA - " maiM kuzala aura udyogI puruSa hU~ / maiM mArga-gamanazakti kA jAnanevAlA huuN| maiM abhI isa puNDarIka ko ukhAr3a DAlU~gA / " vaha jhIla meM utara kara Age bar3hane lagA / jyoM-jyoM vaha Age calA tyoM-tyoM jala aura daladala meM pha~satA gayA / Akhira aise gahare pAnI aura kIcar3a meM pha~sA ki na vaha puNDarIka taka pahu~cA aura na lauTa kara kinAre hI Ane pAyA / dakSiNa dizA se eka dUsarA puruSa usa jhIla ke kinAre AyA aura puNDarIka kI tarapha dekha kara bolA - " yaha puruSa kuzala aura parizramI nahIM / yaha ajJAnI mArga se anabhijJa hone se pha~sa gayA / para maiM vaisA nahIM / maiM puruSa hU~ / mujhe isakA mArga mAlUma hai / abhI maiM isa puNDarIka ko ukhAr3a DAlU~gA / " vaha jhIla ke bhItara utarA aura puNDarIka ko ukhAr3ane calA, para pahale puruSa kI hI taraha vaha bhI gahare jala aura daladala meM pha~sa gayA / na vaha kamala taka pahu~cA, na vApasa lauTa kara kinAre para hI AyA / I pazcima dizA se eka tIsarA puruSa jhIla ke nikaTa AyA aura taTa para car3hakara puNDarIka tathA pha~se hue puruSoM kI tarapha dRSTi karake bolA"aphasosa ! ye donoM hI puruSa ajJAnI nikale / na inheM mArga kA jJAna hai, na udyama karanA hI jAnate haiM / jisa prakAra ye puNDarIka ko ukhAr3anA cAhate haiM, usa taraha yaha nahIM ukhAr3A jAtA / maiM buddhimAn aura pratibhAsaMpanna hU~ / abhI jAkara ise ukhAr3e detA hU~ / " vaha jala ke bhItara utarA aura pahale do puruSoM kI hI taraha gahare jala meM pahu~cane para daladala meM pha~sa gayA / na vaha kamala taka pahu~cA aura na lauTa kara kinAre para hI A sakA / uttara dizA se eka cauthA puruSa AyA aura jhIla ke kinAre khar3A hokara puNDarIka tathA daladala meM pha~se hue tInoM puruSoM kI tarapha dekhakara For Private Personal Use Only

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241 bolA--'' Azcarya ! ye tInoM puruSa ajJAnI aura nirbala nikale jo puNDarIka ko ukhAr3ate hue svayaM pha~sa gye| jisa rIti se inhoMne puNDarIka ukhAr3anA cAhA vaha rIti ThIka nahIM / maiM isa viSaya kI yathArtha jAnakArI rakhatA hU~ / maiM mArga aura gati - parAkrama kA jAnanevAlA huuN| maiM abhI jAkara ise ukhAr3a DAlU~gA / " vaha jala meM utara kara puNDarIka kI tarapha calA, para pahale tIna puruSoM kI hI taraha puNDarIka aura kinAre ke bIca hI pha~sa gayA / pravacana taba kisI aniyata dizA se eka vItarAga aura (saMsAra ko) pAra karane kI icchAvAlA bhikSu AyA vaha jhIla ke taTa para Akara khar3A huA aura puNDarIka tathA daladala meM pha~se hue una cAroM hI puruSoM ko lakSya karake bolA - " aphasosa ! apanI zakti aura gatividhi ko na jAnate hue ye puruSa puNDarIka ko ukhAr3ane cale parantu svayaM hI pha~sa gaye / jo tarIkA inhoMne puNDarIka ukhAr3ane ke kAma meM lAyA vaha ThIka nahIM thA / isa prakAra kamala nahIM ukhAr3e jAte / isakA ThIka upAya maiM jAnatA hU~ aura abhI ise ukhAr3e detA hU~ / " yaha kahate hue usane vahIM se AvAja dI- " ur3a jA puNDarIka ur3a jA " aura puNDarIka ur3a gayA / bhagavAn ne kahA- -AyuSman zramaNo ! yahI puNDarIka kA dRSTAnta hai / isakA artha samajhane yogya hai / nirgrantha zramaNoM aura zramaNiyoM ne zramaNa bhagavAn ko vandana karake kahA-- AyuSmAn ne dRSTAnta to kahA para hama isakA artha nahIM jAnate / zramaNa- zramaNioM ko zramaNa bhagavAn ne kahA-- AyuSman zramaNo ! aba usa dRSTAnta kA artha kahatA hU~, suno / yaha manuSyaloka eka bar3I jhIla hai / jIvoM ke zubhAzubha karma isameM jala hai / kAma - bhoga isameM daladala hai / manuSya - samAja isameM puNDarIka samudAya hai / cakravartI isameM mahApuNDarIka hai / anyatIrthika cAra puruSajAta haiM / dharma bhikSu hai / dharmatIrtha jhIla kA kinArA hai| dharmakathA bhikSu kI AvAja hai aura nirvANa vahA~ se ur3anA hai / AyuSman zramaNo ! dRSTAnta kA sArAMza kaha diyA / aba ise spaSTa zramaNa 16 For Private Personal Use Only

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242 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra karake smjhaauuNgaa| ___ isa loka meM kaI manuSya pUrva meM utpanna hote haiM, kaI pazcima meM / kaI uttara meM janma lete haiM aura kaI dakSiNa meM / inameM kaI Arya hote haiM, kaI anArya / kaI ucca gotra ke hote haiM, kaI nIca gotra ke / kaI vizAlakAya hote haiM, kaI vAmana / kaI suvarNa hote haiM, kaI durvarNa / kaI surUpa hote haiM aura kaI kurUpa / una manuSyoM kA eka mUrdhAbhiSikta rAjA hotA hai jo sattvaguNa se himavanta, meru aura mahendra parvata kI upamA pAtA hai / vizuddha rAjakulIna aura rAjalakSaNopeta hone se vaha janapUjita hotA hai aura deza kA pitA kahalAtA hai / usa rAjA kI rAjasabhA ke ye sabhAsada hote haiM--ugra, ugraputra, bhoga, bhogaputra, ikSvAku, ikSvAkuputra, jJAta, jJAtaputra, kauravya, kauravyaputra, bhaTTa, bhaTTaputra, brAhmaNa, brAhmaNaputra, licchavi, licchaviputra, prazAstA, prazAstAputra, senApati aura senApatiputra / inameM koI zraddhAvAn hai, yaha jAnakara kucha zramaNa-brAhmaNa use dharmopadeza karane kA nizcaya karate haiM aura usake pAsa jAkara kahate haiM- "hama amuka dharma kA upadeza kareMge, Apa suniye / yaha dharma kaisA acchA hai, yaha sunane se mAlUma hogA / " yaha kaha kara unameM se pahalA puruSa-jAta kahatA hai "pAdatala se lekara sira ke bAloM se nIce taka aura irda-girda tvacAparyanta jo deha hai vahI jIva hai, vahI saMpUrNa AtmaparyAya hai / yaha jabataka prANadhArI hai, jItA hai; aura marane para nahIM jItA / jabataka zarIra hai tabataka jIva / zarIra kA nAza hone para jIva bhI nahIM rahatA / zarIra ke jalane para kapotavarNa asthiyA~ raha jAtI haiM / cAra puruSa aura pA~cavIM mA~cI (arathI)ye hI vApasa gA~va meM Ate haiM / ___"jIva anya hai aura zarIra anya, yaha kathana ThIka nahIM, kyoMki aisA kahanevAle svayaM bhI yaha nahIM jAnate ki AtmA dIrgha hai yA isva ? AkAra meM vaha parimaNDalAkAra hai, gola hai, trikoNa hai, catuSkoNa hai, SaTkoNa hai yA

Page #300
243 aSTakoNa ? raMga meM vaha kRSNa hai, nIla hai, rakta hai, pIta hai yA zveta ? gandha meM vaha surabhigandhI hai yA durabhigandhI ? rasa meM vaha tIkSNa hai, kaTu hai, kaSAya hai, amRta hai yA madhura ? sparza meM vaha karkaza hai, komala hai, guru hai, laghu hai, zItala hai, uSNa hai, snigdha hai yA rUkSa ? pravacana 1 " zarIra aura AtmA ko pRthak-pRthak mAnanA ThIka nahIM, kyoMki jaise talavAra myAna se nikAla kara batAI jAtI hai vaise AtmA ko zarIra se pRthaka karake dikhAnevAlA koI nahIM hai / jaise muMja aura usake reze pRthak pRthak batAye jA sakate haiM vaise AtmA aura zarIra ko judA judA nahIM dikhAyA jA sakatA ki 'yaha' AtmA hai aura 'vaha' zarIra / isI prakAra mAMsa se haDDI, karatala se Amalaka, dahI se makkhana, tiloM se taila, Ikha se mIThA rasa aura araNikASTha se agni pRthak kara batAyA jA sakatA hai vaise AtmA ko zarIra se alaga karake koI nahIM batA sakatA / " isaliye jinake mata meM AtmA asat aura ajJeya hai unhIM kA kathana yathArtha hai / " isa prakAra tajjIva- taccharIravAdI AtmA kA astitva na mAna kara svayaM hiMsA karate haiM aura dUsaroM ko vaisA karane kA upadeza dete haiM / unake mata meM zarIra ke atirikta AtmA nahIM aura paraloka bhI nahIM / ve kriyA, akriyA, sukRta, kalyANa, pApa, bhalA, burA, siddhi, asiddhi, naraka aura bhavAntara kucha bhI nahIM mAnate / khAna-pAna tathA sukha bhogoM ke nimitta nAnA prakAra ke hiMsaka karma karate haiM / koI koI pravrajita bhI sAhasa kara isakA upadeza karate haiM jise sunakara zraddhA karanevAle kahate haiM-- 'acchA kahA zramaNa ! acchA kahA brAhmaNa ! hama tumhArI pUjA karate haiM, / ' yaha kahakara ve khAna, pAna, vastra, pAtra, kambalAdi kA dAna karate haiM, jisakA ve svIkAra karate haiM / pahale jaba ve ghara chor3ate haiM taba yaha vicAra karate haiM ki hama zramaNa anagAra hoMge; dhana, putra, pasu Adi kucha bhI parigraha na rakkheMge; paradatta bhojana kareMge aura kucha bhI pApa karma nahIM kareMge; para tajjIva- taccharIravAdI hone ke bAda ve kisI niyama se ba~dhe nahIM For Private Personal Use Only

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244 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra rahate / ve svayaM parigrahAdi grahaNa karate tathA karAne lagate haiM aura sukha-bhogoM meM lIna ho jAte haiM / rAga-dveSa ke vaza meM par3e hue ve na apanA hI uddhAra karate haiM, na dUsaroM kA / saMsAra meM choTe bar3e kisI bhI prANI kA unase uddhAra nahIM hotA / ghara, kuTumba ko tyAga kara bhI ve Arya-mArga ko na pAkara na idhara ke rahate haiM, na udhara ke / dUsarA puruSajAta pAJcamahAbhUtika kahalAtA hai / isa mata ke zramaNabrAhmaNa bhI pUrvokta rAjA athavA usake sabhAsadoM meM jo zraddhAvAn hote haiM unake pAsa dharmopadeza dene jAte haiM aura kahate haiM-- " mahAnubhAvo ! hama jisa dharma kA upadeza kareMge vaha upapanna aura vyavasthita hai / loka meM paJcamahAbhUta hI saba kucha haiM / hamAre mata meM bhUtoM ke atirikta na kriyA hai na akriyA, na sukRta hai na duSkRta, na puNya hai na pApa, na bhalA hai na burA, na siddhi hai na asiddhi, na naraka hai aura na dUsarI gati / bhUtoM ke atirikta kucha bhI nahIM hai / " ve bhUta pRthak pRthak nAmoM se pukAre jAte haiM jaise pRthvI, pAnI, agni, vAyu aura AkAza / ina pA~ca mahAbhUtoM ko na kisI ne banAyA na banavAyA, na kiyA na karAyA / ve anAdi ananta haiM / inakA koI pravartaka bhI nahIM / ye svatantra aura zAzvata haiM / " kinhIM kA kahanA hai ki ina pA~ca bhUtoM ke uparAnta chaThI AtmA hai / isa mata meM sat kA nAza aura asat kI utpatti nahIM hotI / kintu pAJcamahAbhUtika mata meM yahI jIvakAya, yahI astikAya aura yahI loka hai, jo pratyakSa hai / aura ina saba kA kAraNa mahAbhUta hai / " inake mata meM kharIdatA kharIdavAtA mAratA maravAtA, pakAtA aura pakavAtA huA bhI nirdoSa hai / yahA~ taka ki puruSa ko kharIda kara koI maravA DAle taba bhI doSa nahIM / pAJcamahAbhUtika kriyA akriyA Adi kucha bhI nahIM mAnate / vividha For Private Personal Use Only

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pravacana 245 prakAra ke viSaya- bhoga karate haiM / svayaM viparIta mArga para car3he haiM aura zraddhAluoM ko car3hAte haiM / rAga-dveSa ke vaza par3e hue ye na apanA uddhAra kara sakate hai, na dUsaroM kA / Arya-mArga se bahirbhUta ve na idhara ke rahe na udhara ke / tIsarA puruSajAta 'IzvarakAraNika' kahalAtA hai / isa mata ke zramaNabrAhmaNa rAjA tathA usake sabhAsada Adi zraddhAvAnoM ke pAsa jAkara kahate haiM ___ "isa loka meM dharmoM kA Adi tathA uttara kAraNa puruSa hai, kyoMki saba dharma puruSapraNIta, puruSa se hI vyApta hokara rahate haiN| jaise zarIra meM utpanna aura bar3hA huA gaMDa zarIra se milA rahatA hai, vaise hI saba dharma puruSAdika' haiM aura puruSa meM hI vyApta hokara rahate haiM / jaise arati zarIra meM utpanna hotI hai aura bar3ha kara zarIra meM rahatI hai, vaise hI dharma puruSAdika haiM aura puruSa ko vyApta hokara hI rahate haiM / jaise valmIka, vRkSa aura puSkariNI pRthivI meM utpanna aura bar3he hue pRthivI meM hI rahate hai, vaise dharma bhI puruSAdika haiM aura puruSa meM hI rahate haiM / jaise jalasamUha aura jalabudbuda jala meM utpanna hote aura jala meM hI rahate haiM, vaise hI dharma bhI puruSAdika haiM aura puruSa meM hI rahate haiN| "yaha jo zramaNa-nirgranthoM ke nimitta banA huA AcArAGga-sUtrakRtAGgAdi se lekara dRSTivAdaparyanta dvAdazAGga gaNipiTaka hai, vaha saba mithyA hai / usameM kucha bhI satyatA aura yathArthatA nahIM / hama jo kahate haiM, vahI ThIka hai / " jisa taraha pakSI piMjare se dUra nahIM jA sakatA, usI taraha isa siddhAnta kA pratipAdana karate hue ve duHkha se dUra nahIM hote; kyoMki inake mata meM kriyA-akriyA, siddhi-asiddhi, svarga-naraka saba kucha Izvara ke hAtha hai / manuSya kisI kArya meM svataMtra nahIM / sarvatra Izvara ko hI kAraNa batAte hue ve taraha taraha ke AraMbha-samAraMbha karake vaiSayika sukhoM kI sAdhanA karate haiM / isa prakAra ve svayaM bhRle haiM aura dUsaroM ko bhulAte haiN| ve na apanA uddhAra kara sakate haiM, na parAyA / Arya - mArga ko na pAkara na idhara ke rahate haiM, na udhara ke / 1. puruSa hai Adi---mUlakAraNa jinakA /

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra cauthA puruSajAta 'niyativAdI' kahalAtA hai / niyativAdI zramaNa-brAhmaNa bhI jijJAsuoM ko dharmopadeza dene jAte haiM aura kahate haiM ki jisa dharma kI hama prajJApanA kareMge vahI yathArtha hai / ve kahate haiM-- 246 " puruSa do prakAra ke hote haiM / eka to ve jo kriyA kA upadeza karate haiM aura dUsare ve jo akriyA kA kathana karate haiM / hamAre mata se ye donoM hI niyativaza hone se barAbara haiM / kucha bhI nimitta milane para ajJAnI puruSa kahatA hai ki maiM duHkhI hU~, maiM zokAkula, nirbala aura pIr3ita hU~ / maiM satAyA jAtA hU~ aura jhuratA hU~ / yaha saba duHkha merA hI kiyA huA hai / vaha jIva duHkha, zoka aura saMtApa Adi kA anubhava karatA hai vaha usakI karanI kA phala hai / para buddhimAn aisA nahIM samajhatA / nimitta pAkara vaha kahatA hai ki maiM duHkhI hU~, maiM cintita hU~, athavA vaha duHkhI aura pIr3ita hai / para vaha yaha nahIM kahatA ki yaha duHkha merA aura usakA kiyA huA hai / " isa pRthivI para jo trasa - sthAvara prANI bhinna-bhinna zarIra, bhinna-bhinna avasthA, bhinna-bhinna viveka aura bhinna-bhinna vidhAna ke prApta hote haiM vaha saba niyati ke hI bala se / " niyativAdI kriyA- akriyA, siddhi-asiddhi, naraka-svarga sarvatra niyati kA hI prAdhAnya samajhate haiM aura nAnA prakAra ke kAma-bhogoM ke lie nAnA prakAra ke karmArambha karate haiM / isa prakAra niyativAdI Arya-mArga ko na pAkara kAmabhogoM meM pha~sa kara na idhara ke rahate haiM, na udhara ke / isa prakAra nAnA buddhi, nAnA ruci, nAnA abhiprAya, nAnA anuSThAna, nAnA dRSTi, nAnA Arambha aura nAnA adhyavasAyavAle ukta cAra puruSa - jAta gRhakuTumba ko chor3a kara bhI Arya-mArga ko na pAkara kAmabhogoM meM pha~se hue na idhara ke rahate haiM, na udhara ke / aba puNDarIka ke uddhAraka bhikSu ke viSaya meM sunie / prAcya, pAzcimAtya Adi aneka manuSya hote haiM / unameM Arya-anArya, surUpa - kurUpa, bhale-bure sabhI prakAra ke manuSya hote haiM / unameM kaI jamInajAgIravAle hote haiM aura kaI choTe bar3e dezoM ke adhikArI hote haiM / ve anyAnya For Private Personal Use Only

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pravacana 247 padArthoM para mamatA karate haiM aura kahate haiM-'merA kheta, merA rUpA, merA sonA, merA dhana, merA dhAnya, merA bartana, merA vastra, merA maNi, merA motI ratnAdika sArA dhana aura mere zabda, rUpa, gandha, rasa tathA sparza / ye saba kAma-bhoga mere haiM aura maiM inakA / ' parantu samajhadAra ke zarIra meM koI duHkha athavA bhayaMkara rogAtaGka utpanna hotA hai to vaha kahatA hai--'he kAmabhogo ! mere isa duHkha ko tuma apane Upara le loge ? maiM du:khI, zokAkula, cintita aura pIr3ita huuN| tuma mujhe isa duHkha se chur3Aoge ?' aura vaha socatA hai ki yaha bAta kabhI nahIM huI ki saMsAra meM kAmabhoga kisI kI rakSA kara sakeM / eka dina yA to puruSa kAmabhogoM ko chor3egA athavA kAmabhoga puruSa ko / kAmabhogoM meM aura AtmA meM vAstavika saMbandha hI nahIM, phira hama kyoM vibhinna kAmabhogoM meM lubdha hote haiM ? hama inako chor3ege, kyoMki buddhimAn ke lie ye saba bAhya haiM / kisI kI yaha samajha ho ki kAmabhoga bhale hI bAhya hoM para mAtA, pitA, bhAI, bahana, strI, putra, putrI, dAsa aura svajana-parijanAdi jJAtijana to nikaTavartI hone se mere haiM aura maiM inakA / buddhimAn yaha socatA hai ki he jJAtiyo ! yadi mujha para koI duHkha athavA bhayaMkara rogAtaGka A par3egA to tuma mere usa duHkha ko uThA loge ? maiM duHkhI, zokAta athavA cintita hoU~gA, taba tuma mujhe usase chur3Aoge ? maiM samajhatA hU~ ki aisI bAta kabhI nahIM huI / mere ina pUjya jJAtijanoM para kisI prakAra kA kaSTa A par3egA to maiM bhI usako apane Upara lene meM asamartha huuN| mujhe usa samaya yahI khyAla AyegA ki maiM duHkhI, zokAta aura cintita na hoU~ / isa prakAra maiM unake duHkha kA uddhAra nahIM kara sakatA / yaha bAta kabhI huI hI nahIM ki eka kA duHkha dUsarA le le athavA eka kA kiyA huA karma dUsarA bhoge / yahA~ pratyeka jIva akelA janmatA hai aura akelA maratA hai / vaha akelA cyavatA hai aura akelA hI utpanna hotA hai / kaSAya, saMjJA, vicAra, jJAna aura anubhava ye saba pratyeka ke bhinna-bhinna hote haiM / isalie jJAtisaMyoga kisIkA zaraNa aura trANa nahIM ho sakate / yA to puruSa jJAtisaMyogoM ko chor3akara pahale jAyagA athavA to jJAtisaMyoga puruSa ko chor3eMge / isaliye maiM kyoM ina vibhinna jJAtisaMyogoM .

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248 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra meM moha rakkhU ? maiM inako choDUMgA / buddhimAn ke liye ye saba bAhya haiM / __ aura to aura; hAtha, pA~va, bAha, jA~gha, peTa, mastaka, zIla, AyuSya. bala, varNa, tvacA, kAnti, kAna, A~kha, nAka, jIbha aura sparza pramukha atinikaTavartI avayava, jinakI maiM mamatA karatA hU~, pratikSaNa jIrNa hote haiM / zarIra kI sandhiyA~ zithila par3atI haiM / zarIra para jhurriyA~ par3atI hai / kAle bAla sapheda ho jAte haiM aura yaha sundara zarIra dhIre-dhIre tyAgane yogya ho jAtA hai / yaha jAnakara bhikSAcArya ke liye udyata hue bhikSu ko isa loka meM jIva, ajIva, trasa aura sthAvara ko avazya jAnanA cAhie / saMsAra meM gRhastha AraMbha-parigrahavAle hote haiM, para katipaya zramaNa-brAhmaNa bhI AraMbha-parigrahadhArI hote haiM / ve sa-sthAvara prANiyoM kA AraMbha karate karAte haiM / ve sacitta-acittAdi kAmabhogoM kA svIkAra karate karAte haiM aura ina kAmoM ko ve uttejana dete haiM / maiM anAraMbha aura aparigraha huuN| hama inhIMke Azraya se brahmacarya-zramaNadharma kA pAlana kareMge, kyoMki ye to jaise pahale the vaise hI aba bhI haiM / prakaTa hai ki ye karmabandha se nahIM haTe aura saMyama-mArga meM upasthita nahIM hue / inakI vahI dazA hai jo pahale thI / ye AraMbha-parigraha meM magna hue pApa kara rahe haiM / yaha jAnakara bhikSu donoM tarapha se alipta hokara vicare / isa prakAra vaha karmoM ko jAna aura rokakara unakA nAza kara sakegA / karmabandha ke viSaya meM bhagavAn ne ina Sar3ajIvanikAyoM ko hetu kahA hai-pRthivIkAya, apkAya, tejaskAya, vAyukAya, vanaspatikAya aura trasakAya / __ jaise mujhe daMDa, haDDI, mukke, Dhele athavA karpara se dabAne, mArane, dhamakAne, tAr3ane se aura paritApa tathA upadrava karane se duHkha hotA hai, yahA~ taka ki zarIra kA eka bhI roma nocane se maiM atyanta duHkha aura bhaya kA anubhava karatA hU~, vaise hI sarvajIva, sarvabhUta, sarvaprANa aura sarvasattvoM ko daNDa Adi se tAr3ana tarjanAdi karane se duHkha hotA hai / eka bhI roma nocane se unheM atyanta duHkha aura bhaya kA anubhava hotA hai / isalie bhUta, bhaviSyat aura vartamAna ke sabhI arhanta bhagavAn yaha kathana, bhASaNa, prajJApana aura prarUpaNa

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pravacana 249 karate haiM ki kisI jIva, bhUta, prANa aura sattva ko na mAro, na duHkha do, na pakar3o, na satAo aura na prANamukta hI karo / yahI dhruva, nitya aura zAzvata dharma hai, jo loka meM Akara jagat kI pIr3A jAnanevAle tIrthaMkaroM ne kahA hai / ataeva prANihiMsA, asatyavacana, adattAdAna, maithuna aura parigraha kA tyAgI bhikSu dAtuna, aMjana, vamana, virecana, dhUpa aura dhUmrapAnAdi na kare / isa prakAra vaha akriya tathA ahiMsaka ho krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kA tyAga kara bAhya tathA Abhyantarika zAnti meM rahatA huA dekhe, sune, mAne athavA jAne hue kisI bhI taraha ke sukha kI prArthanA na kare / vaha kabhI aisA vicAra na kare ki maiM jo yahA~ sadAcaraNa, tapa, niyama aura brahmacarya meM rahatA hU~ aura dharma kA ArAdhana karatA hU~ isake phalasvarUpa mujhe devagati prApta ho yA yahIM para siddhiyA~ prApta hoM, athavA maiM sukhI hI hoU~, duHkhI na hoU~ / jo zabda, rUpa, gandha, rasa aura sparza meM Asakta nahIM hotA tathA krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, prema, dveSa, kalaha, paizunya, paranindA, ratiarati, mAyAmRSA aura mithyAdarzana-zalya se dUra rahatA hai vaha mahAkarmabandha se bacA huA aura hiMsAdi pApoM se virAma pAyA huA bhikSu hai / jo trasa-sthAvara prANadhAriyoM kA AraMbha svayaM nahIM karatA, dUsaroM se nahIM karAtA aura karanevAloM kA anumodana nahIM karatA vaha mahAkarmAdAna se bacA aura pApasthAna se virAma pAyA huA bhikSu hai / ___ jo sAMparAyika kriyA svayaM nahIM karatA, dUsaroM se nahIM karAtA aura karanevAloM kA anumodana nahIM karatA vaha mahAkarmAdAna se bacA huA aura pApasthAna se virata bhikSu haiM / jo azana, pAna, svAdya aura khAdya padArthoM ke saMbandha meM yaha jAnatA huA ki ve kisI bhI sAdharmika sAdhu ke uddeza se prANa, bhUta, jIva aura sattvoM kA AraMbha karake banAye, kharIde yA mA~ga kara lAye gae haiM athavA ve kisI se chIne yA sthanAntara se lAye hue haiM, svayaM unakA bhojana nahIM karatA, dUsaroM ko nahIM karAtA aura karanevAloM kA anumodana nahIM karatA. vahIM mahAkarmAdAna se bacA huA pApasthAna se virata bhikSu hai /

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250 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra parakRta, paraniSThita, udgama-utpAdanAdi doSa rahita, prAsuka aura bhikSAcaryA ke krama se prApta parimita AhAra kA hI saMyamanirvAha ke liye bhikSu bhojana kare / vaha AhAra ke samaya AhAra, pAnI ke samaya pAnI, vastra ke samaya vastra, upAzraya ke samaya upAzraya aura zayana ke samaya zayana kA upabhoga kare / upadezavidhi kA jJAtA bhikSu dizA, vidizA meM jahA~ jAya vahA~ dharmopadeza kare / bhAva se athavA kautuka se bhI jo koI zrotA Ave usake Age dharma kI vizeSatAe~ aura usake phala kA pratipAdana kare / vaha zAnti, virati, upazama, nirvANa, zauca, saralatA, komalatA, laghutA aura prANimAtra kI ahiMsA kA upadeza kare / vaha anna, pAnI, vastra, upAzraya, svajana aura sAMsArika sukhoM kI prApti ke liye kabhI dharmopadeza na kare / kevala karmanirjarA hI usake dharmakathana kA nimitta ho / jina vIra puruSoM ne bhikSu ke nikaTa dharmazravaNa karake usakA svIkAra kiyA ve mokSa mArga ko prApta hue, sarva pApoM se dUra hue, sampUrNa zAnti ko prApta hue, karmakSaya kara nirvANa ko prApta hue / yahI vaha dharmArthI, dharmavid aura saMyamI bhikSu hai jisakI AvAja se mahApuNDarIka ke ur3ane kI bAta kahI thI / jisane karmoM, saMyogoM aura gRhavAsa ko jAnA hai aura jo zAnta, samita, hitasAdhaka aura saMyamI hai aise bhikSu ko zramaNa, brAhmama, zAnta dAnta, gupta, mukta, RSi, muni, kRtI, vidvAn, bhikSu, sujJa, tIrArthI aura caraNa-karaNapAravid ina nAmoM meM bulAnA yogya haiM / 1. sUtrakRtAGga zrutaskandha 2, adhyAya 1, pR0 270-298 /

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tRtIya pariccheda bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pUrvabhava pahalA aura dUsarA bhava pazcima mahAvideha ke eka gA~va meM balAdhika' nAmaka eka rAjyAdhikArI thA / eka samaya vaha rAjAjJA pAkara kATha livAne ke lie gAr3iyA~ lekara jaMgala meM gayA / madhyAhna kA samaya haA aura balAdhika tathA usake sAthI dopahara ke bhojana kI taiyArI karane lage / ThIka usI samaya vahA~ eka sAdhusamudAya AyA / sAdhu kisI eka sArtha ke saMga cala rahe the aura sArtha ke Age nikala jAne para mArga bhUlakara bhaTakate hue dopahara ko usa pradeza meM Aye jahA~ balAdhika kI gAr3iyoM kA paDAva thA / sAdhuoM ko dekhate hI balAdhika kA hRdaya dayArdra ho gayA / usane kahA-bar3e kheda kI bAta hai, mArga se anajAna becAre tapasvI loga mArga bhUlakara jaMgala kI rAha par3a gaye haiM / vaha uThA aura AdarapUrvaka zramaNoM ko apane pAsa bulA kara AhAra-pAnI se unakA Atithya kiyA aura bolA, calie mahArAja ! Apa ko mArga para car3hA huuN| vaha Age calA aura sAdhugaNa usake pIche / mArga meM calate hue guru ne yogya jIva jAna kara balAdhika ko dharmopadeza kiyA jo usake hRdaya meM baiTha gayA / sAdhuoM ko mArga batA kara balAdhika vApasa lauTA / thor3e se upadeza se balAdhika ne samyaktva prApta kiyA aura jIvana 1. caritrakAroM ne isakA nAma nayasAra likhA hai /

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252 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra paryanta gurUpadeza kA anusaraNa karate hue usane apanA jIvana saphala kiyA / dUsare bhava meM balAdhika ne saudharma kalpa meM palyopama kI AyusthitivAlA devapada prApta kiyA / tIsarA aura cauthA bhava deva gati kA jIvana pUrNa hone ke anantara balAdhika kA jIva tIsare bhava meM cakravartI bharata kA putra marIci nAmaka rAjakumAra huA / eka samaya bhagavAn RSabhadeva purimatAla ke udyAna meM padhAre / nAgarikagaNa aura rAjaparivAra ke saba loga bhagavAn ko vandana karane aura dharmopadeza sunane gaye / bhagavAn ne vairAgyajanaka dharmadezanA kI jise suna kara marIci saMsAra se virakta ho gaye aura aneka rAjaputroM ke sAtha zramaNa-dharma kI pravrajyA lekara bhagavAn ke sAtha vicarate lage / bahata samaya taka pravrajyA pAlane ke bAda marIci zramaNa-mArga kI kaThina kriyAoM se Uba gaye aura sAdhuveza ke badale unhoMne eka nUtana veza dhAraNa kiyA / hAtha meM tridaNDa, sira para zikhA tathA chatra, pA~voM meM pAdukAyeM aura zarIra para geruA vastra dhAraNa kara apane ko nirgrantha zramaNoM se judA kara liyA / eka samaya rAjA bharata ne RSabhadeva se pUchA-bhagavan ! ApakI isa dharmasabhA meM koI bhAvI tIrthaMkara hai ? uttara meM marIci kI tarapha izArA karate hue bhagavAn ne kahA-rAjan ! yaha tridaNDI terA putra marIci isI avasarpiNI kAla meM caubIsavA~ mahAvIra nAmaka tIrthaMkara hogA / itanA hI nahIM, tIrthaMkara hone se pahale yaha bhAratavarSa meM tripRSTha nAmaka vAsudeva hogA / usake bAda pazcima mahAvideha meM priyamitra nAmaka cakravartI hogA aura anta meM bhAratavarSa meM antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra hogA / __ bhagavAn ke mukha se bhAvI vRttAnta sunakara bharata marIci ke nikaTa jAkara vandanapUrvaka bole-marIci ! maiM tumhAre isa parivrAjakatva ko nahIM vandana karatA para tuma antima tIrthaMkara honevAle ho, yaha jAna kara tumheM vandana karatA

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bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pUrvabhava 253 hU~ / saMsAra meM jo bar3e bar3e lAbha haiM ve saba tumheM hI mila gaye haiM / tuma isI bhAratavarSa meM tripRSTha vAsudeva, mahAvideha meM priyamitra cakravartI aura phira yahA~ varddhamAna nAmaka caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara hoge / bharata kI bAta se marIci bahuta prasanna huA / vaha tripadI AsphAlana karake bolA - aho ! maiM vAsudeva, cakravartI aura tIrthaMkara hoU~gA ! basa mere liye itanA hI bahuta hai / maiM vAsudevoM meM pahalA ! pitA cakravartiyoM meM pahale ! aura dAdA tIrthaMkaroM meM pahale ! aho ! merA kula kaisA zreSTha hai ! bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI jIvitAvasthA meM marIci bhagavAn ke sAtha vicarate rahe aura unake nirvANa ke bAda unake ziSyoM ke sAtha / unake pAsa jo upadeza zravaNa karane jAtA use zramaNadharma kA upadeza karate aura vairAgyaprAptadIkSArthI ko sAdhuoM ke pAsa bhejate / koI yaha pUchatA ki Apa khuda dIkSA kyoM nahIM dete ? taba kahate -- 'maiM kharA sAdhu nahIM hU~, yathArtha sAdhumArga vahI hai jo zramaNa pAlate haiM / ' eka samaya marIci bImAra par3e / ve vizAla sAdhu-samudAya ke sAtha the tathApi asaMyata samajha kara zramaNoM ne unakI paricaryA nahIM kI / aba marIci ko apanI asahAyAvasthA kA bhAna huA aura use apane lie eka ziSya kI AvazyakatA pratIta huI / eka bAra marIci ke pAsa kapila nAmaka rAjaputra AyA / marIci ne use saMsAra kI asAratA kA upadeza kiyA / kapila saMsAra se virakta ho kara sAdhu hone ko taiyAra huA taba marIci ne use sAdhuoM ke pAsa zrAmaNya lene ko kahA / kapila ne kahA- maiM Apa ke mata meM pravrajita honA cAhatA hU~ / kyA Apake mata meM dharma nahIM hai ? marIci ne kahA- - hai / dharma vahA~ bhI hai aura yahA~ bhI / yaha kahakara usane kapila ko apanA ziSya banA liyA / caurAsI lAkha pUrva varSa kA AyuSya pUrNa karake marIci ne brahmadevaloka meM devapada prApta kiyA / For Private Personal Use Only

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254 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra pA~cavA~ bhava brahmadeva loka meM dasa sAgaropama kA AyuSya pUrNa kara balAdhika kA jIva kollAga sanniveza meM kauzika nAmaka brAhmaNa huA / usane assI lAkha pUrva varSa kA AyuSya pAyA thA / apane usa dIrgha jIvana meM usane anekavidha karma kiye aura mara kara bahutere bhava kiye jinakI saMkhyA nahIM hai / chaThA aura sAtavA~ bhava chaThe bhava meM balAdhika kA jIva thUNA nagarI meM puSyamitra nAmaka brAhmaNa huA / usakA AyuSya sattara lAkha pUrva varSa kA thA / apane usa dIrgha jIvana kA adhikAMza gRhasthAzrama meM bitA kara vaha parivrAjaka banA aura AyuSya pUrNa karake saudharma devaloka meM deva huA / AThavA~ aura navA~ bhava devaloka se cyuta hokara balAdhika kA jIva caitya saMniveza meM agnidyota brAhmaNa huA / agnidyota bhI anta meM parivrAjaka banA aura causaTha lAkha pUrva varSa kA AyuSya samApta karake IzAna devaloka meM madhyamasthitika deva huA / dasavA~ aura gyArahavA~ bhava IzAna devaloka se cyuta hokara balAdhika kA jIva dasaveM bhava meM maMdira saMniveza meM agnibhUti brAhmaNa huA / anta meM usane parivrAjaka mata kI dIkSA lI aura chappana lAkha pUrva varSa kA AyuSya samApta kara gyArahaveM bhava meM sanatkumAra devaloka meM madhyamasthitika deva huA / bArahavA~ aura terahavA~ bhava sanatkumAra devaloka se nikala kara balAdhika kA jIva zvetAMbikA nagarI meM bhAradvAja nAmaka brAhmaNa huA aura anta meM parivrAjaka bana kara cavAlIsa lAkha pUrva varSa kA AyuSya pUrNa kara mAhendra kalpa meM deva huA / mAhendra devaloka se nikalane ke bAda usane kucha kAla taka aniyata saMsAra

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255 bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pUrvabhava bhramaNa kiyA jo bhava mine nahIM gaye / caudahavA~ aura pandrahavA~ bhava caudahaveM bhava meM balAdhika kA jIva rAjagRha meM sthAvara nAmaka brAhmaNa haA / usane apane cauMtIsa lAkha pUrva varSa meM se adhikAMza gRhasthAzrama meM vyatIta kiye / anta meM parivrAjaka dharma svIkAra kiyA aura AyuSya kI samApti hone para brahma devaloka meM deva huA / brahma devaloka se cyuta ho kara usane kucha kAla taka aniyata bhramaNa kiyA jisakI sthUla bhavoM meM gaNanA nahIM kI gaI / solahavA~ aura satrahavA~ bhava solahaveM bhava meM balAdhika kA jIva rAjagRha nagara meM vizvanandI rAjA ke bhAI vizAkhabhUti kA putra vizvabhUti rAjakumAra huA / vaha yuvAvasthA meM nagara ke bAhara puSpakaraNDaka udyAna meM rahatA aura antaHpura ke sAtha sukhavihAra meM bitAtA thA / usakA yaha sukha rAnI kI dAsiyoM se sahA nahIM gayA / unhoMne rAnI ke sAmane vizvabhUti ke sukha-vihAra aura krIr3AoM kA varNana karate hue kahA--rAjya ke sukha-vaibhava to vizvabhUti bhoga rahA hai / yadyapi kumAra vizAkhanandI rAjA ke putra haiM tathApi vizvabhUti ke sukha vaibhavoM ke sAmane unake sukha kisI ginatI meM nahIM / kahane ke lie bhale hI rAjya hamArA ho para usakA vAstavika phalopabhoga to vizvabhUti ke hI bhAgya meM likhA hai / / dAsiyoM kI bAtoM se rAnI ke hRdaya meM IrSyAgni bhar3aka uThI aura usane kopagRha kA Azraya liyA / khabara milane para rAjA usake pAsa gayA aura zAnta karane kI koziza kI / rAnI kar3aka kara bolI-jaba rAjA kI jIvitAvasthA meM hI yaha dazA hai taba pIche to hameM ginegA hI kauna ? rAjA ke bahuta anunaya karane para bhI jaba vaha zAnta na huI taba yaha bAta amAtya taka pahu~cI aura usane bhI bahuta kucha kahA sunA, para saphalatA nahIM milI / Akhira amAtya ne rAjA ko salAha dI-mahArAja ! devI ke vacana kA anAdara na kIjiye / strIhaTha hai, kahIM AtmaghAta na kara baiThe /

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256 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra rAjA ne kahA-isakA koI upAya nahIM hai| hamArI kula-maryAdA hai ki jabataka prathama praviSTa puruSa bAhara na A jAya, dUsarA bAga meM praveza nahIM kara sakatA / vizvabhUti vasantaRtu bitAne ke lie andara ThaharA huA hai, vaha bAhara nahIM nikalegA / amAtya-isakA upAya ho sakatA hai / amAtya ne ajJAta manuSyoM ke hAtha se rAjA ke pAsa kRtrima lekha pahu~cAye / lekha par3hate hI rAjA ne yuddhayAtrA udghoSita kI / yaha bAta vizvabhUti ke kAnoM taka pahu~cI aura vaha turaMta bAga se nikala kara rAjA ke pAsa gayA aura rAjA ko roka kara Apa yuddhayAtrA ke lie cala diyA / jisa pradeza meM zatra ke upadrava kI bAta kahI gaI thI, vahA~ vizvabhUti dalabala ke sAtha jA pahu~cA / para vahA~ na kucha upadrava dekhA, na yuddha kI halacala / vizvabhUti jaise gayA vaise hI vApasa lauTa AyA / vizvabhUti ke bAhara nikalate hI rAjakumAra vizAkhanandI ne puSpakaraNDakodyAna meM apanA sthAna jamA liyA / vizvabhUti lauTa kara ghara Aye aura bAga meM jAne lage taba dvArapAloM ne roka kara kahA-kumAra vizAkhanandI antaHpura ke sAtha udyAna meM Thahare aba vizvabhUti ko jJAta huA ki yuddha kA saMrambha vAstava meM use bAga se bAhara nikAlane kA prapaMca mAtra thA / krodha meM Akara vizvabhUti ne dvAra para sthita eka kaitha ke vRkSa para jora se muSTi-prahAra kiyA jisase gire hue kaithoM se jamIna Dhaka gaI / usane dvArapAloM se kahA-maiM isI prakAra tumhAre sira girA detA yadi bar3e bApa (tAU) kA gaurava na karatA / vizvabhUti ko isa apamAna se bar3A AghAta lagA / vaha virakta ho kara ghara se nikala gayA aura AryasaMbhUta sthavira ke nikaTa jAkara sAdhu ho gayA / rAjA, yuvarAja aura anya svajanagaNa ne jAkara vizvabhUti se kSamA

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bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pUrvabhava 257 prArthanA kI aura ghara calane ke liye Agraha kiyA para ve apane nizcaya se vicalita na hue / vizvabhUti pravrajita hokara vividha tapa karane lage / SaSTha- aSTama se lekara ve mAsakSapaNa taka karate hue deza videzoM meM vihAra karate the / kAlAntara meM vizvabhUti mathurA gaye aura mAsakSapaNa kI samApti para nagara meM bhikSAcArya karane nikale / una dinoM kumAra vizAkhanandI bhI zAdI karane mathurA AyA huA thA aura apanI barAta ke sAtha rAjamArga ke nikaTa ThaharA thA / vizvabhUti udhara se hokara bhikSAcaryA ke lie jA rahe the / unheM dekha kara vizAkhanandI ke manuSyoM ne kahA-- kumAra ! Apa inheM jAnate haiM ? vizAkhanandI ne kahA- - nahIM / manuSyoM ne kahA--ye vizvabhUti kumAra haiM / vizvabhUti ko dekhate hI vizAkhanandI kI A~khoM meM krodha A gayA / saroSa netroM se ve dekha hI rahe the ki eka navaprasUtA gAya ne vizvabhUti ko zrRMga - prahAra se girA diyA / yaha dekha kara vizAkhanandI aura usake sAthI khilakhilA kara ha~se aura bole--kahA~ gayA vaha terA kaitha girAnevAlA bala ? muni ne udhara dekhA to vizAkhanandI para dRSTi pdd'ii| unake mana meM roSa AyA aura gAya ke zRMgoM ko pakar3a kara cakra kI taraha Upara ghumAte hue boledurbala siMha kA bala bhI zrRgAloM se nahIM lAMghA jAtA / muni vahIM se pIche lauTa gye| ve mana meM bole- -abataka yaha durAtmA mujha para roSa dhAraNa kiye hue hai ? unhoMne nidAna kiyA-- 'yadi isa tapasaMyama aura brahmacarya kA kucha bhI phala ho to bhaviSya meM maiM aparimita balazAlI hoU~ / ' vizvabhUti ne apane nidAna kA kabhI pazcAttApa aura prAyazcitta nahIM kiyA / ve apane sAdhu -- jIvana ko nibhAte hue AyuSya pUrNa kara mahAzukra kalpa meM devapada ko prApta hue / zramaNa- 17 For Private Personal Use Only

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258 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra aThArahavA~ aura unnIsavA~ bhava mahAzukra devaloka se nikala kara balAdhika kA jIva potanapura meM tripRSTha nAmaka vAsudeva huA / potanapura ke rAjA prajApati, prativAsudeva azvagrIva ke maNDalika the / unake do putra the, eka acala aura dUsarA tripRSTha / eka samaya potanapura kI rAjasabhA meM nAca-raMga ho rahA thA / rAjA, donoM rAjakumAra aura sabhAsadagaNa usameM masta ho rahe the / ThIka usI samaya azvagrIva kA dUta kAryavaza rAjasabhA meM AyA / rAjA ne saMbhramapUrvaka dUta kA svAgata kiyA aura jalasA baMda karavA kara usakA saMdeza sunane lage / raMga meM bhaMga karanevAle dUta para kumAra bahuta bigar3e / unhoMne apane AdamiyoM se kahA-jaba yahA~ se dUta ravAnA ho, hameM sUcita karanA / / satkArapUrvaka rAjA se bidA lekara dUta ravAnA huA / donoM kumAroM ko isakI sUcanA milI aura unhoMne pIche se jAkara dUta ko pITA / dUta ke sAthI use chor3akara bhAga gaye / prajApati ko jaba isa ghaTanA ke samAcAra mile to unheM bar3A raMja huA / dUtako vApasa bulavA kara dugunA tigunA pAritoSika diyA aura kahArAjA se isa bAta kI zikAyata na kariyegA / dUta mAna gayA, para usake sAthI usake pahale hI rAjA ke pAsa pahu~ca gaye aura yaha saba vRttAnta azvagrIva ko nivedana kara cuke the / dUta ke apamAna kI bAta suna kara azvagrIva bahuta nArAja huA aura apane dUta ko tiraskRta karanevAle donoM rAjaputroM ko jAna se maravA DAlane kA usane nizcaya kara liyA / azvagrIva ko kisI bhaviSyavettA ne kaha rakkhA thA ki jo manuSya tumhAre caNDamegha dUta ko pITegA aura mahAbaliSTha siMha ko mAregA vahI tumhArI mRtyu kA kAraNa hogA / ___azvagrIva ne dUsarA dUta bheja kara prajApati ko kahalAyA-tuma amuka jagaha jA kara hamAre zAlikSetroM kI rakSA karo /

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bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pUrvabhava 259 __ apane putroM ko DAMTate hue prajApati ne kahA--yaha tumane akAlamRtyu ko jagAyA / hamArI bArI na hone para bhI hameM yaha AjJA milI / yaha tumhAre auddhatya kA phala hai / apane svAmI kI AjJA zirodhArya karake rAjA senA ke sAtha prayANa karane lage taba rAjakumAroM ne kahA-Apa yahIM rahiye / isa kAma ke liye to hamIM jAyeMge / rAjA ke rokane para bhI kumAra cale gaye aura mauke para pahu~ca kara kRSakoM se pUchA--anya rAjA loga Akara yahA~ kisa rIti se rakSaNa karate haiM ? logoM ne kahA--jabataka khetoM meM dhAnya rahatA hai ve caturaMginI senA kA gherA DAla kara yahA~ rahate haiM aura siMha se logoM kI rakSA karate haiM / tripRSTha bolA-itane samaya taka kauna ThaharegA ? mujhe vaha sthAna batA do jahA~ siMha rahatA hai / logoM ne tripRSTha ko siMhavAlI guphA dikhAyI / kumAra ratha meM baiTha kara guphA ke dvAra para pahu~cA / logoMne donoM tarapha se zora kiyA jisase cauMka kara siMha guphA ke dvAra para AyA / kumAra ne socA yaha to paidala hai aura maiM rathika ! yaha viSama yuddha hai / DhAla talavAra ke sAtha vaha ratha se utara gayA aura phira socane lagA-yaha daMSTrA-nakhAyudha hai aura maiM DhAla-talavAradhArI ! yaha bhI ThIka nahIM / usane DhAla talavAra bhI chor3a diye / yaha dekhakara siMha ke krodha kA pAra na rahA / vaha mu~ha phAr3a kara kumAra para jhapaTA / tripRSTha ne pahale hI jhapATe meM use donoM jabar3oM se pakar3A aura jIrNa vastra kI taraha phAr3a kara pheMka diyA / yaha dekha kara janatA ne joroM kA harSanAda kiyA / tripRSTha siMha kI khAla lekara apane nagara kI tarapha calA / jAte samaya usane grAmINoM se kahA-ghoTakagrIva se kaha denA ki aba vaha nizcinta rahe / logoM ne saba hakIkata azvagrIva ke pAsa pahu~cA dI / vaha bahuta ruSTa huA aura dUta bheja kara prajApati ko kahalAyA-aba tuma vRddha ho gaye ho ataH sevA meM kumAroM ko bheja do / tumhAre Ane kI jarUrata nahIM / prajApati ne kahA-maiM khuda sevA meM Ane ke lie taiyAra huuN| azvagrIva ne atikruddha hokara kahalAyA-kumAroM ko na bhejakara tUne hamArI AjJA kA anAdara kiyA hai ataH yuddha ke liye taiyAra ho jA / kumAroM ne isa samaya bhI dUta ko apamAnita kara nikAla diyA /

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260 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra azvagrIva ne sampUrNa sainya ke sAtha potanapura para car3hAI kara dI / tripRSTha Adi bhI apanI senA ke sAtha deza kI sImA para jA DaTe / donoM senAoM meM ghamAsAna yuddha zurU huA aura pahale hI dina yuddhabhUmi raktaraMjita ho gaI / niraparAdha jIvoM kA yaha saMhAra tripRSTha ko acchA na lagA / usane azvagrIva ke pAsa dUta bheja kara kahalAyA-kala se maiM aura tuma do hI yuddha meM pravRtta hoM to bahuta acchA / niraparAdha jIvoM ko maravAne se kyA lAbha hai ? azvagrIva ne tripRSTha kA prastAva maMz2ara kiyA aura rathoM meM baiTha kara apane apane moracoM se nikala kara donoM paraspara bhir3a gaye / ghaMToM lar3e aura khUba lar3e phira bhI maidAna donoM kA rahA / azvagrIva ne dekhA ki saba zastra khatma ho gaye haiM phira bhI zatru maidAna meM DaTA huA hai / usane apane cakranAmaka amoghAstra ko sa~bhAlA aura uThA kara tripRSTha para joroM se pheMkA / azvagrIva kA vizvAsa thA ki isake eka hI prahAra se usakA kAma pUrA ho jAyagA / para pariNAma viparIta nikalA / cakradhAra kI tarafa se na laga kara tumbe kI tarapha se tripRSTha ke vakSasthala para girA / tripRSTha ne use pakar3a liyA aura usI se apane zatru kA sira ur3A diyA / tatkAla AkAzavANI huI--'tripRSTha nAmaka prathama vAsudeva prakaTa ho gayA / ' saba rAjAoM ne tripRSTha kI vazyatA svIkAra kI aura Adhe bhAratavarSa ko apane adhIna karake usane vAsudeva kA pada dhAraNa kiyA / caurAsI lAkha varSa kA AyuSya pUrA karake tripRSTha sAtavIM narakabhUmi meM teMtIsa sAgaropama kI AyuSya-sthitivAlA nairayika huA / bIsavA~, ikkIsavA~ aura bAIsavA~ bhava naraka se nikalakara balAdhika kA jIva siMha haA aura vahA~ se mara kara phira naraka meM gayA / naraka se nikalane ke bAda balAdhika kA jIva kucha samaya taka saMsAra meM bhaTaka kara anta meM manuSya' huA / 1. isa manuSya kA nAma kyA thA, AyuSya kitanA thA aura kina zubha kRtyoM se cakravartI pada ke yogya puNya upArjana kiyA thA----ina bAtoM kA khulAsA nahIM milA /

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bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pUrvabhava teIsavA~ aura caubIsavA~ bhava teIsaveM bhava meM balAdhika pazcima videha kI rAjadhAnI mUkA nagarI meM priyamitra nAmaka cakravartI rAjA huA / usane saMsAra se virakta hokara proSThilAcArya ke pAsa pravrajyA lI aura caurAsI lAkha pUrva varSa kA AyuSya bhoga kara caubIsaveM bhava meM vaha mahAzukrakalpa ke sarvArtha nAmaka vimAna meM deva huA / pacIsavA~ aura chabbIsavA~ bhava sarvArtha vimAna se nikala kara pacIsaveM bhava meM balAdhika kA jIva chatrAnagarI meM jitazatru rAjA kA nandana nAmaka rAjakumAra huA / vaha bAlyAvasthA meM hI rAjyAsana para baiThA aura caubIsa lAkha varSa paryanta rAjya kiyA / bAda meM usane proSThilAcArya ke samIpa pravrajyA lI / nandana muni ne bar3I ghora tapasyAyeM kIM / nirantara mAsa mAsakSapaNa karake unhoMne arhat, siddha, saMgha, dharmopadezaka, vRddha, bahuzruta, tapasvI, arhadAdivAtsalya, arhadAdi jJAnadhyAna, darzana, vinaya, nityaniyama, zIla, AtmadhyAna, dAna, munisevA, samAdhi, apUrva jJAnaprApti, zAstra - bhakti, aura pravacanonnati ina bIsa padoM kI bhakti aura ArAdhanA karake unhoMne tIrthaMkara nAmakarma nikAcita kiyA / 261 anta meM nandana muni ne do mAsa kA anazana kiyA aura samAdhipUrvaka deha chor3a kara prANatakalpa ke puSpottara vimAna meM devapada prApta kiyA / satAIsavA~ bhava prANatakalpa kI divya samRddhi kA upabhoga karake balAdhika kA jIva satAIsaveM bhava meM brAhmaNa- kuNDapura meM RSabhadatta brAhmaNa kI patnI devAnandA kI kokha meM putrarUpa meM avatIrNa huA jahA~ bayAsI dina rahane ke bAda tirAsIveM dina madhyarAtri ke samaya vaha hariNaigameSI deva dvArA trizalA kSatriyANI ke udara meM rakhA gayA aura vahIM siddhArtha kSatriya ke ghara janma lekara vardhamAna mahAvIra nAmaka tIrthaMkara huA / For Private Personal Use Only

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caturtha pariccheda jamAlipravartita 'bahurata' saMpradAya bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vacana kA virodha karanevAle jo nihnava ho gaye haiM unameM jamAli kA nAma sarvaprathama hai / jamAli kA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAtha kisa viSaya meM kisa prakAra matabheda khar3A huA isakA saMkSipta varNana caritakhaNDa meM jamAli ke prakaraNa meM kiyA jA cukA hai / yahA~ para sirpha jamAli ke matabheda kA bIja kyA hai, yahI batAnA abhISTa hai / jamAli kA matabheda kriyA viSayaka nahIM, tarka viSayaka thA / isa lie tarkavAda kI paddhati se hI isa viSaya kA spaSTIkaraNa karanA yuktisaMgata hogaa| mahAvIra nizcayanayAnusAra kriyAkAla aura kAryakAla ko abhinna mAnate the / ataeva ve kahate--'calemANe calie' 'karemANe kaDe' arthAt 'calane lagA calA, kiyA jAne lagA kiyA' ityAdi / apanI bImArI ke daramiyAna jamAli ne dekhA ki saMstAraka kiyA jAne lagA hai, para vaha 'kiyA' nahIM kahalAtA, kyoMki usa para zayanakriyA nahIM ho sakatI / isa sthiti meM mahAvIra kA 'karemANe kaDe' vAlA siddhAnta ThIka nahIM hai / jamAli kI mAnyatA thI ki koI bhI kArya kisI eka hI samaya meM pUrA nahIM ho sakatA / koI bhI kArya-viSayaka kriyA aneka samaya taka

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263 bamAlipravartita 'bahurata' saMpradAya cala kara jaba uparAma pAtI hai taba kahIM jAkara kArya siddhi hotI hai / isa prakAra eka kArya aneka samaya kI kriyA se niSpanna hotA hai / ataH koI bhI kArya 'kriyAkAla' meM 'kiyA' nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kintu kriyAkalApa ke anta meM jaba kArya pUrA ho jAya taba use 'kiyA' kahanA cAhiye / jamAli ne isa 'bahu'samayAtmaka Agrahavaza apanA matabheda khar3A kiyA aura usake anuyAyI 'bahurata' kahalAye / aba hameM dekhanA hai ki isa viSaya meM vAstavikatA mahAvIra ke kathana maiM hai yA jamAli ke / mahAvIra kA 'karemANe kaDe' yaha siddhAnta 'RjusUtra' nAmaka nizcayanaya para pratiSThita hai, kyoMki RjusUtranaya kevala vartamAnagrAhI hone se isake mata meM kisI bhI kriyA kA kAla 'samaya' mAtra hai / isake mata se koI bhI kriyA apane vartamAna samaya meM kArya sAdhaka hIkara dUsare samaya meM naSTa ho jAtI hai / isa dazA meM prathama samaya kI kriyA prathama samaya meM hI kucha kArya karegI aura dUsare samaya kI dUsare meM / prathama samaya kI kriyA dUsare samaya meM nahIM rahatI aura dUsare samaya kI tIsare meM / isa dazA meM pratisamaya bhAvI kriyAe~ pratisamaya bhAvI paryAyoM kA hI kAraNa ho sakatI haiM, uttara kAlabhAvI kArya kA nahIM / aura jaba kriyAkAla aura kAryakAla niraMza samayamAtra hai taba bhagavAn mahAvIra kA 'karemANe kaDe' siddhAnta hI vAstavika siddha hotA hai / isa sUkSma naya-tarka ko jamAli samajha nahIM sakA / usane socAeka kAryotpatti ke pUrvavartI kriyAkalApa meM jo samaya lagatA hai vaha saba uttarabhAvI antima kArya kA hI samaya hai, parantu vaha yaha nahIM samajha pAyA ki kisI bhI kArya kI utpatti ke pahale asaMkhya pUrvavartI kArya ho jAte haiM / ye saba kArya antima kArya kA nimitta samajhI jAnevAlI una kriyAoM kA phala hai jo pratyeka kArya kI utpatti ke pahale niyatarUpa se huA karatI haiM / yaha vastusthiti hama eka dRSTAnta se samajhAyeMge / _ 'ghaTa' kArya ke liye kuMbhakAra cakrabhramaNAdi aneka pravRttiyA~ karatA

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264 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra hai, taba 'ghaTa' rUpa kArya utpanna hotA hai / sthUla dRSTi meM cakrabhramaNAdi kriyAkalApa 'ghaTa kriyA' pratibhAsita hotI hai aura 'ghaTa-niSpatti' isakA phala / ve yaha nahIM dekhate ki 'ghaTAkAra' banane ke pUrva mRtpiNDa ke zivakasthAsakAdi kitane ghaTa se visadRza sthUla AkAra utpanna hote haiM aura kitane ina sthUla AkAroM ke antarvartI prati samaya bhAvI sUkSma AkAroM kA AvirbhAva aura tirobhAva hotA hai / kyA ye saba kArya nahIM ? yadi kArya hai to kyA ye saba kriyAoM ke binA hI utpanna hote haiM ? avazya hI kahanA par3egA ki ghaTotpatti-kriyA ke pUrva jo jo kriyAe~ kI jAtI haiM unake ye kArya haiM / inako hama ghaTa nahIM para ghaTa ke pUrvavartI paryAya kaheMge aura inakI utpAdaka kriyAoM ko bhI 'ghaTakriyA' na kaha kara 'ghaTaprAkkAlIna paryAyakriyA' kaheMge / jisa antima kriyA se 'ghaTaparyAya' banatA hai usI ko hama 'ghaTakriyA' kaheMge aura vaha kriyA avazya hI ghaTotpattikAlIna hogI, kyoMki sabhI kriyAe~ apane anurUpa kArya kI utpAdikAe~ hotI haiM / ghaTakriyA kA anurUpa kArya 'ghaTa' hI ho sakatA hai, usakA pUrvaparyAya athavA uttaraparyAya nahIM / isase siddha huA ki 'ghaTotpattikAlIna kiyA' hI ghaTakriyA hai / aura isa prakAra jaba kriyA aura kArya samakAlabhAvI siddha hote haiM taba bhagavAn mahAvIra kA RjusUtra-nayAnusArI kathana 'karemANe kaDe' avazya hI vAstavika satyatA rakhatA hai / yahA~ yaha prazna ho sakatA hai ki yadi ghaTotpatti-pUrvakAlIna kriyA 'ghaTakriyA' nahIM hai to usa samaya 'ghaTaH kriyate' arthAt 'ghaTa kiyA jAtA hai yaha vyavahAra kaise hotA hai ? kyoMki ghaTapUrvavartI paryAya kI kriyA vastutaH 'ghaTakriyA' na ho to usa kriyAkAla meM 'ghaTa kiyA jAtA hai' yaha pratIti na honI cAhiye / yaha ThIka hai / hama bhI kahate haiM ki ukta pratIti na honI cAhiye, para hotI hai / isakA kAraNa samaya kI sUkSmatA aura paryAyoM kI asthAyitA hai / ghaTa ke pUrvaparyAya itanI zIghratA se banate bigar3ate haiM ki unakA anyAnya padArthoM ke rUpa meM anubhava karanA aura bhinna bhinna nAmoM se ullekha karanA azakya hI nahIM, asaMbhava hai / usa dIrghakAlIna kriyAkalApa ke anta meM hama jisa sthAyI paryAya ko dekhate haiM vahI 'ghaTa' hai / prakata kriyAkalApa

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jamAlipravartita 'bahurata' saMpradAya 265 ke anta meM 'ghaTa' avazyaMbhAvI hone se hI hamArI sthUla dRSTi usa kriyAkalApa ko eka hI kriyA mAna letI hai aura usameM 'ghaTaH kriyate' kA vyavahAra karatI hai / isa vyavahAra kA eka aura bhI kAraNa hai / ghaTa ke pahale piNDasthAsaka-zivakAdi jo jo paryAya utpanna hote haiM unase ghaTa kA avinAbhAvI saMbandha hai / sadA se yaha dekhA gayA hai ki sthAsakazivakAdi paryAyoM ke AvirbhAva-tirobhAva ke anta meM hI 'ghaTa paryAya' kI utpatti hotI hai| isalie sthAsakAdikAla meM hI ghaTotpatti kA AbhAsa mila jAne se hama 'ghaTaH kriyate' yaha vyavahAra karate haiN| para vyavahAra vyavahAramAtra hai, nizcayanaya isameM vizuddha satyatA kA svIkAra nahIM karatA / jamAli zuddha satyAMza ko svIkAra karanevAle isa naya siddhAnta ko samajha nahIM sakA athavA to yaha siddhAnta usake mana meM utarA hI nahIM, jisase usane 'karemANe kaDe' isa siddhAnta ko asatya siddha karane kI ceSTA kI / bahuta saMbhava hai ki jamAli kA yaha 'bahurata' saMpradAya usake sAtha hI samApta ho gayA hogA kyoMki usake jIvana ke antima samaya taka jamAli ke saba anuyAyI usakA sAtha chor3a kara cale gaye the aura apane isa mata kA mAnanevAlA vaha akelA hI raha gayA thA /

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paJcama pariccheda AjIvakamata-digdarzana prAstAvika gozAlaka ke sambandha meM aneka jagaha yaha kahA gayA hai ki vaha bhagavAn mahAvIra se judA hone ke bAda AjIvaka mata kA AcArya banakara apane ko jina-tIrthaMkara kahalAne lagA thA, para yaha nahIM batAyA gayA ki AjIvaka mata kA pravartaka kauna thA, usakA svarUpa kyA thA aura isakA itihAsa kyA hai ? pAThakagaNa kI jijJAsApUrti ke liye ina saba bAtoM kA hama yahA~ digdarzana karAyeMge / 1. nAma-nirukti 'AjIvaka' yaha nAma 'AjIva' zabda se taddhita kA 'ika' pratyaya laga kara banA hai, jisakA artha hotA hai-'AjIvakA ke liye phirane vAlA / ' kahIM kahIM kozakAroM ne aura madhyakAlIna jaina granthakAroM ne 'AjIvaka' yaha AjIvaka kA sthAnApanna kRdanta zabda bhI prayukta kiyA hai, jisakA artha 'AjIvakA arthAt jIvikA calAnevAlA' hotA hai| para prAcIna jaina satroM meM isa mata aura matavAloM ke liye sarvatra 'AjIvaka' (AjIviya) zabda hI prayukta huA hai / kucha bhI ho, donoM zabdoM kA tAtparya eka hI hai / aba hama yaha dekheMge ki isa mata kA yaha nAma par3ane kA kAraNa kyA hai ? kyA AjIvakA kA sAdhana mAtra hone se hI isa mata kA ukta nAmakaraNa huA hai, athavA kisI anya kAraNa se ?

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AjIvakamata-digdarzana 267 jahA~ taka hama jAna sake haiM isa mata ke anuyAyI kevala AjIvakA ke hI arthI nahIM the / ve vividha jAta ke tapa aura dhyAna bhI karate the / jaina-Agama sthAnAGga meM AjIvakoM ke cAra prakAra ke tapoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| kalpa-cUrNikAra ne jina pA~ca prakAra ke zramaNoM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai unameM AjIvaka bhI eka hai / jaina sUtra aupapAtika meM vividha abhigrahadhAraka AjIvaka zramaNoM kA varNana milatA hai jisameM eka prakAra auSTrikAzramaNoM kA hai jo ki eka miTTI ke bar3e bartana meM hI baiThe hue tapa karate the / ina saba ullekhoM para dhyAna dete hue hama yaha nahIM kaha sakate ki AjIvaka matAnuyAyI kevala udarArthI hote the aura jIvikA kA sAdhana hone se hI unakA mata 'AjIvaka mata' kahalAtA thA / satya bAta to yaha hai ki AtmavAdI, nirvANavAdI aura kaSTavAdI hote hue bhI ve kaTTara niyativAdI the / unake mata meM puruSArtha kucha bhI kAryasAdhaka nahIM thA aura yaha saba mAnate hue bhI ve vividha tapa aura AtApanAyeM kiyA karate the / isa 'vadato vyAghAta' jaisI apanI pravRtti se hI ve apane virodhiyoM dvArA isa AkSepa ke pAtra bane ki 'ye jo kucha karate haiM, apanI AjIvakA ke liye karate haiM / anyathA niyatavAdiyoM ko ina pravRttiyoM se kyA prayojana ?' ukta AkSepa ke garbha se hI niyativAdiyoM ke 'AjIvaka' isa nAma kA prAdurbhAva huA thA, para isake adhika pracalita aura sarvamAnya hone kA eka aura bhI kAraNa thA / jaina-Agama bhagavatIsUtra ke lekhAnusAra isa mata kA AcArya gozAlaka pUrvagata nimittazAstra kA abhyAsI thA / yahI nahIM, vaha saba jIvoM ke lAbhahAni, sukha-du:kha, jIvita aura maraNaviSayaka bhaviSya batAne meM siddhahasta thA aura apane pratyeka kArya meM isa jJAna kI vaha sahAyatA letA thA /

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268 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra AjIvaka zramaNoM meM bhI isa nimitta-vidyA ke paThana-pAThana kI paramparA cAlU thI aura ve bhI isa vidyA ke bala se apanI sukha-sAmagrI juTAyA karate the / isa viSaya kA eka udAharaNa yahA~ upasthita karate haiM / paJcakalpa-cUrNikAra likhate haiM ki 'Arya kAlaka ke dIkSita ziSya sthira nahIM rahate the| unhoMne socA ki nimitta-zAstra par3ha kara acche muhUrta meM dIkSA dU~ tAki dIkSita sthira hoM / unhoMne AjIvakoM ke pAsa nimitta kA adhyayana kiyA aura rAjA sAtavAhana ke sAmane usakA prayoga kiyA jo sahI nikalA / rAjA ne khuza ho eka lAkha kI kImata kA kar3A aura kuNDala jor3I vagairaha kAlaka ko bheMTa meM die, para kAlaka ne yaha kahate hue ki 'yaha maiMne nimitta-zAstra kA prayoga mAtra batAyA hai' unako lene se inkAra kara diyA / isI samaya vahA~ AjIvaka upasthita hokara bole-'yaha hameM gurudakSiNA meM milanA caahiye| Upara ke ullekha se spaSTa hai ki 'nimitta-vidyA' yaha AjIvakoM kI eka paramparAgata vidyA thI aura usake dvArA ve apanI AjIvakA sulabha karate the / yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina zAstrakAroM ne inheM liMgAjIva (sAdhu veSa se AjIvakA prApta karanevAle) kahA hai / isa prakAra niyativAdI bana kara bhI vividha kriyAoM ke karane se aura AjIvakA ke artha nimitta-vidyA kA upayoga karane se ve virodhiyoMkhAsa kara jaina nirgranthoM dvArA 'AjIvaka' aura inakA sampradAya 'AjIvakamata' ke nAma se prasiddha kiyA gayA / yadyapi niyativAdiyoM ke liye 'AjIvaka' yaha nAma sambhavataH unake virodhiyoM ne pracalita kiyA thA tathApi isase ve nArAja nahIM the / anumAna kara sakate haiM ki unhoMne khuda isa nAma ko svIkAra kara liyA thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki zilAlekhoM Adi meM sarvatra unakA isI 'AjIvaka' nAma se ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 2 pravartaka aura pravartanasamaya aba hama yaha dekheMge ki isa AjIvaka mata ko kisane kisa samaya

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AjIvakamata-digdarzana pracalita kiyaa| DA0 e0 epha0 Ara0 hArnale kA kathana hai ki 'AjIvaka bhikSusaMgha kA sthApaka maMkhaliputra gozAlaka hai' / isa kathana kI puSTi ve jaina zAstroM kA nAma lekara karate haiM / hamAre vicAra meM 'AjIvaka saMgha kA saMsthApaka gozAlaka thA athavA niyativAda kI mAnyatA gozAlaka ne pracalita kI' isa abhiprAya kA spaSTa kathana kisI bhI jaina zAstra meM nahIM hai / 269 AvazyakacUrNi aura kalpasUtra kI TIkAoM meM tIna jagaha gozAlaka ke 'niyati' para vizvAsa karane kA ullekha hai / bhagavatIsUtra ke pandrahaveM zataka meM aura upAsakadazA ke sAtaveM adhyayana meM gozAlaka ke AjIvaka bhikSusaMgha kA mukhiyA hone kI sUcanAyeM haiM aura usake niyativAdI hone kA spaSTa kathana to upAsakadazA ke chaThe aura sAtaveM adhyayana ke atirikta anyatra bhI aneka jagaha hai, para ina saba ullekhoM se bhI 'gozAlaka' AjIvaka mata aura saMgha kA saMsthApaka thA yaha bAta siddha nahIM ho sakatI / isake viparIta ina ullekhoM se to yaha siddha hotA hai ki usa samaya meM niyativAda eka cirapracalita mAnyatA thI jisakI gozAlaka apane kisI bhI prayatna kI niSphalatA meM duhAI diyA karatA thA; aura AjIvaka saMgha eka saMghaTita saMsthA thI, jisakA mukhiyA banakara gozAlaka bar3I AsAnI se apane ko tIrthaMkara manavAne meM saphala huA thA / mahAvIra ne tatkAlIna anyatIrthikoM ko cAra vibhAgoM meM bA~TA thA jisameM niyativAdiyoM kA nambara cauthA thA / yadi niyativAda kA pravartaka maMkhali gozAlaka hI hotA to hamArA khyAla hai ki mahAvIra use itanA mahattva kabhI nahIM dete, kyoMki unakI dRSTi meM maMkhaliputra gozAlaka aura usakI zakti koI mahattva nahIM rakhate the / isase jJAta hotA hai ki mahAvIra ke samaya meM 'niyativAdI' AjIvaka saMgha eka cira pracalita sudRDha saMsthA thI / isIliye mahAvIra ko usake khaMDana kI AvazyakatA pratIta huI thI / AjIvaka saMgha gozAlaka se bhI pahale thA isakI eka sUcanA bauddha granthoM se bhI milatI hai / For Private Personal Use Only

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270 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra bauddhAgama vinayapiTaka aura majjhimanikAya meM buddha ko buddhatva prApta hone ke bAda turanta eka 'upaka' nAmaka AjIvaka bhikSu ke milane aura unake Age apane adhyAtmika anubhava prakaTa karane kA kathana hai / yadi AjIvaka saMgha kI sthApanA gozAlaka ne kI hotI to buddha ko buddhatva prApta hote hI AjIvaka bhikSu kA milanA asambhava thA, kyoMki mahAvIra ko battIsa varSa kI umra meM jaba pahale pahala gozAlaka unheM milA, usa samaya usakI kizorAvasthA thI / kizorAvasthA se hama 15-16 varSa kA anumAna karate haiM / jisa samaya ki mahAvIra ko pravrajyA liye lagabhaga do varSa ho cuke the usa samaya vaha ziSya hokara unake sAtha huA aura naveM varSa unase judA ho zrAvastI meM cha: mAsa taka AtApanApUrvaka tapasyA kara tejolezyA prApta kI aura bAda meM nimittazAstra kA adhyayana kara vaha AjIvaka saMgha kA netA banA / nimittAdhyayana Adi ke liye yadi tIna cAra varSa kA samaya aura le liyA jAya to gozAlaka kA AjIvaka saMgha kA netRtva grahaNa karanA aura mahAvIra kA tIrthaMkara pada prApta karanA lagabhaga eka hI samaya meM huA, yaha kahA jA sakatA hai / hamArI gaNanA ke anusAra mahAvIra ne apanI umra ke tetAlIsaveM varSa meM jaba tIrthaMkara pada prApta kiyA usa samaya buddha ko paiMsaThavA~ varSa calatA thA aura tabataka unako buddhatva prApta hue bhI aThAIsa varSa ho cuke the / isa paristhiti meM buddha ko buddhatva prApta hote hI gozAlaka sthApita AjIvaka saMgha ke bhikSu kA milanA bilakula asaMbhava hai| yadi buddha aura mahAvIra ke bIca meM itanA antara na mAnakara DA0 smitha Adi kI mAnyatA ke anusAra mahAvIra kA nirvANa buddha ke nirvANa se eka do varSa pahale mAna liyA jAya to bhI mahAvIra ke tIrthaMkara hone ke pUrva bAraha varSa Upara buddha ko buddhatva prApta ho jAtA hai| usa samaya gozAlaka kA AjIvaka saMgha kA netA honA to dUra rahA, vaha mahAvIra kA ziSya bhI nahIM bana pAyA thA / isa prakAra buddha ko buddha hone ke samaya gozAlaka kA kisI bhI

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271 AjIvakamata-digdarzana prakAra AjIvaka saMgha kA netRtva pramANita nahIM ho sakatA aura buddha ko usa samaya AjIvaka bhikSu ke milane kI bAta kahate haiM, isase yaha bAta nizcita ho jAtI hai ki AjIvaka saMgha kA saMsthApaka maMkhali gozAlaka nahIM para usakA pUrvavartI koI anya puruSa honA cAhiye / bauddha sUtra dIrghanikAya aura majjhimanikAya meM maMkhali gozAlaka ke atirikta kissasaMkicca aura nandavaccha nAmaka do aura AjIvaka netAoM ke ullekha milate haiM / hamArA anumAna hai ki ye donoM gozAlaka ke pUrvavartI AjIvaka bhikSu the aura unhoMne AjIvaka mata svIkAra karane ke bAda gozAlaka ko tejolezyA labdhidhArI aura nimittazAstravedI jAna kara apane saMgha kA nAyaka banAyA thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki gozAlaka svayaM saMghAgraNI hokara bhI inake sAtha mitra kA sA vyavahAra karatA thA / ina saba vRttAntoM se yaha bAta to lagabhaga nirvivAda siddha ho cukI hai ki AjIvaka mata aura saMgha gozAlaka ke prAdurbhAva ke pahale se calA AtA thA / AjIvaka mata kI sthApanA kisane kI, isa viSaya meM yadyapi koI spaSTa ullekha yA pramANa nahIM hai tathApi bhagavatIsUtra meM varNita gozAlaka ke zarIrAntara praveza ke siddhAnta ke Upara se hama kucha anumAna kara sakate haiM / mahAvIra ke sAmane apane mata ke anyAnya siddhAntoM kA varNana karane ke bAda gozAlaka kahatA hai-"divyasaMyUtha aura saMnigarbha ke bhavakrama se maiM sAtaveM bhava meM udAyI kuNDiyAyana huA / bAlyAvasthA meM hI pravrajyA lekara maiMne dharmArAdhana kiyA aura anta meM usa zarIra ko chor3akara krama se aiNeyaka, mallarAma, mAlyamaNDika, roha, bhAradvAja aura gautamaputra arjuna ina cha: manuSyoM ke zarIroM meM praveza kiyA aura kramazaH 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17 varSa taka unameM rahA / anta meM maiMne gautamaputra arjuna kA zarIra chor3a kara gozAlaka maMkhaliputra ke zarIra meM yaha sAtavA~ zarIrAntara praveza kiyA aura isameM kula 16 varSa rahane ke uparAnta maiM nirvANa prApta karU~gA / " DA0 haoNrnale kahate haiM--gozAlaka ne yaha kalpanA apanI jAti ko

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272 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra chipAne ke liye kI thI, para hamArI samajha meM gozAlaka itanA mUrkha nahIM thA ki apane apalApa ke liye vaha aisI asambhAvita kalpanA karane kA sAhasa karatA athavA aisA karane para bhI usake anuyAyI use satya mAna lete / hama to samajhate haiM ki AjIvaka matavAloM kI mAnyatA hI kucha aisI hogI ki udAyI kuNDiyAyana ke pada para AnevAlA puruSa zarIrAntara praviSTa svayaM udAyI kuNDiyAyana hI hotA hai / isa mAnyatAnusAra gozAlaka maMkhaliputra bhI udAyI kuNDiyAyana kA sAtavA~ padAcArya hone se saptama zarIra-praviSTa udAyI kuMDiyAyana mAna liyA gayA hogA aura isI butte para usane apane liye mahAvIra kA ziSya gozAlaka nahIM, para udAyI kuMDiyAyana hone kI bAta kahI hogI / yadi hamArI ukta kalpanA meM kucha yauktikatA mAnI jA sakatI hai to yaha mAnanA anucita nahIM hai ki AjIvaka saMgha kA Adi pravartaka udAyI kuMDiyAyana nAma kA puruSa thA aura gozAlaka ke svargavAsa samaya taka usako svargavAsI hue eka sau teMtIsa varSa ho cuke the / tabataka usake pada para aiNeyaka, mallarAma, mAlyamaMDita, roha, bhAradvAja, gautamaputra arjuna aura gozAlaka maMkhaliputra -- ye sAta padadhara ho cuke the jinhoMne kramazaH 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17 aura 16 varSa taka AcArya pada bhogA thA / 3. dhArmika AcAra AjIvakoM ke dhArmika AcAra kaise the, yaha jAnanA sahaja nahIM / isa samaya unakA khuda kA koI grantha yA AcAra-paddhati vidyamAna nahIM hai aura jaina tathA bauddha sUtroM meM inake AcAraviSayaka jo varNana milate haiM ve atisaMkSipta aura avyavasthita haiM / isa dazA meM AjIvaka mata ke AcAramArga kA nirUpaNa karanA korI aTakalabAjI hI hogI / phira bhI jaina aura bauddha sAhitya meM isa mata ke sambandha meM jo kucha likhA gayA hai, usIke AdhAra para hama inakI AcArapaddhati kA nirUpaNa kareMge / jaina sUtra sthAnAGga meM likhA hai- " AjIvakoM ke cAra prakAra ke tapa -ugra tapa, ghora tapa, rasaniryUhanA tapa aura jiteMdriya pratilInatA tapa / " ina tapoM kA yathArtha svarUpa kyA thA, vaha kahanA kaThina hai / para inake nAmoM se For Private Personal Use Only

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AjIvakamata-digdarzana 273 itanA to avazya jJAta hotA hai ki ye bar3e hI duSkara tapa hoMge / inhIM tapoM ke anukUla jIvana vyatIta karate hue AjIvaka bhikSuoM kA varNana jaina aupapAtikasUtra meM milatA hai, jo isa prakAra hai 'grAma, nagara, pura, saMnivezoM meM jo AjIvaka hote haiM ve isa prakAra ke hote haiM---dvigRhAntarita, trigRhAntarita, saptagRhAntarita (kramase do, tIna aura sAta gharoM meM bhikSArtha jAnevAle aura na milane para upavAsa karanevAle), utpalavRntika (kamaloM ke bIToM kA bhojana karanevAle), gRhasAmudAnika (gharoM ke krama se bhikSA lenevAle), vidyudantarita (bIca meM bijalI ke camakane para bhikSAvRtti se nivRtta honevAle) aura uSTrikA zramaNa (miTTI ke bar3e bartana ke bhItara baiThe rahanevAle) / 'isa prakAra kI vRttivAle AjIvaka bahuta varSoM taka zrAmaNya pAla kara anta meM AyuSya pUrNa kara acyuta-kalpa taka devapada prApta kara sakate haiM, phira bhI ve ArAdhaka nahIM hote / ' Upara mujaba kaSTakArI vrata rakhate hue bhI AjIvaka harI vanaspati, kaccA anna aura phala Adi kA AhAra kara lete the / isI kAraNa mahAvIra ne eka bAra inake zAstra para hamalA karate hue kahA thA-"AjIvaka-samaya kA to artha hI yaha hai ki sacitta padArthoM kA bhojana karanA-saba prANiyoM kI hiMsA, chedana bhedana aura vinAza kara AhAra karanA / " AjIvaka bhikSuoM kA veSa kevala nagnatA ke rUpa meM thA / jisa samaya gozAlaka nAlandA kI tantuvAyazAlA meM cAturmAsya rahA thA, usa samaya usake pAsa vastra the para cAturmAsya ke bAda jaba mahAvIra vahA~ se kollAga saMniveza kI tarapha vihAra kara gaye taba vaha bhI nagna ho unakI khoja meM nikala par3A aura kollAga meM unakA ziSya hokara mahAvIra ke sAtha vicarane lagA thA / bauddha zAstroM meM bhI AjIvaka bhikSuoM ko nagna hI batAyA hai aura isI kAraNa unake liye vahA~ sarvatra 'acelaka' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / DA0 hArnale kI kalpanA hai ki gozAlaka kA anukaraNa karake zramaNa-18

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274 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra mahAvIra ne bhI isa nAgnya AcAra ko svIkRta kiyA hogA / hama DAkTara mahAzaya kI isa kalpanA kA samarthana nahIM kara sakate, kyoMki mahAvIra ke pAsa lagabhaga teraha mahInA hI vastra rahA thA / jisa samaya ve dUsarA varSA cAturmAsya nAlandA meM Thahare the, unake pAsa vastra nahIM thA, parantu gozAlaka tabataka vastradhArI thA jo cAturmAsya ke bAda mahAvIra kA ziSya hone ke samaya acelaka banA thA / isa dazA meM mahAvIra ne nahIM kintu gozAlaka ne hI mahAvIra kA anukaraNa karake apane vastroM kA tyAga kiyA thA, yaha nizcita hai| AjIvakoM ke AcAra kA kucha varNana bauddha majjhimanikAya meM upalabdha hotA hai| vahA~ chattIsaveM prakaraNa meM nirgranthasaMgha ke sAdhu saccaka ke mukha se buddha ke samakSa gozAlaka maMkhaliputra tathA usake mitra nandavaccha aura kissasaMkicca ke anuyAyiyoM dvArA pAle jAnevAle AcAroM kA varNana karAyA hai / __ AjIvakoM ke sambandha meM saccaka kahatA hai-"ve saba vastroM kA parityAga karate haiM / saba ziSTAcAroM ko dUra rakhakara calate haiM / apane hAthoM meM bhojana karate haiM / bhikSA ke lie Ane athavA rAha dekhane saMbaMdhI kisI kI bAta nahIM sunate / apane liye AhAra nahIM banavAne dete / jisa bartana meM AhAra pakAyA gayA ho usameM se use grahaNa nahIM karate / dehalI ke bIca rakhA huA, okhalI meM kUTA jAtA aura cUlhe para pakatA huA AhAra grahaNa nahIM karate / eka sAtha bhojana karate hue yugala se tathA sagarbhA, dUdhamu~he baccevAlI aura puruSa ke sAtha saMbhoga karatI huI strI se AhAra nahIM lete / jahA~ AhAra kama ho, jahA~ kuttA khar3A ho aura jahA~ makkhiyA~ bhinabhinAtI hoM vahA~ se AhAra nahIM lete / matsya, mA~sa, madirA, maireya aura khaTTI kAMjI ko ve svIkAra nahIM karate / unameM se kucha kevala eka ghara bhikSA mA~gate haiM aura eka muTThI anna ko grahaNa karate haiM / anya sAta gharoM meM bhikSA mA~gate haiM aura sAta muTThI anna kA svIkAra karate haiN| koI eka, koI do aura koI sAta annopahAra se nirvAha karate haiM / koI dina meM eka bAra, koI do-do dina bAda eka bAra, koI sAta-sAta dina bAda eka bAra aura koI pandraha pandraha dina bAda eka bAra AhAra karate haiM / isa prakAra ve nAnA prakAra ke upavAsa

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275 AjIvakamata-digdarzana karate haiN|' isI prakAra kA AjIvakoM kA AcAra-varNana dIrghanikAya meM bhI kiyA gayA hai, para vahA~ para yaha varNana kazyapa ke mukha se karAyA gayA hai / uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke upodghAta meM pro0 jAkobI ne AjIvaka aura nirgranthoM ke AcAroM kI ekatA batAI hai, para vAstava meM ina donoM sampradAyavAloM ke AcAroM meM bahuta bar3A antara thA / yadyapi majjhimanikAya meM AjIvakoM ke kaThinatama tapa aura bhikSA ke niyamoM kA varNana hai tathApi saba AjIvaka bhikSuoM dvArA sadAkAla ye hI niyama pAlana kiye jAte the, yaha mAna lenA bhUla hogI / saMbhava hai, AjIvaka bhikSuoM meM se amuka bhAga avasthA vizeSa meM amuka samaya taka ke liye ina kar3e niyamoM kA anusaraNa karatA ho, para itane hI sAdRzya se inakA AcAra nirgranthoM ke AcAra ke tulya mAna lenA ThIka nahIM / nirgranthoM aura AjIvakoM meM mukhya AcAra-bheda sacitta-acitta saMbaMdhI thA / nirgrantha kucha bhI sacitta vastu kA grahaNa aura bhakSaNa to kyA sparza taka nahIM karate the, para AjIvakoM ke liye yaha bAta nahIM thI / ve sacitta (harI, akhaMDita vanaspati, vanaspati ke bIja arthAt anAja vagairaha) aura Akarotpanna zItala jala kA svIkAra aura sevana kara lete the / isake sivAya dUsarI bhI aneka zithilatAyeM AjIvakoM ke AcAra meM thIM / bauddha vinayapiTaka meM amuka AjIvakoM ke chAtA or3ha kara calane kA ullekha milatA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki AjIvaka bhikSuoM meM jisa prakAra ugra tapasyAyeM pracalita thIM usI prakAra hada darje kI zithilatA bhI / nirgranthoM kI sthiti isase bhinna thI / unameM hada darje kI kaSTakara pratijJAyeM thIM, para zaithilya kA praveza taka nahIM thA / unameM jinakalpika, sthavira kalpika Adi nirgranthoM ke bhinna bhinna darje niyata the aura saba niyamita maryAdAoM meM calate the / / AjIvaka bhikSuoM ke to kyA, AjIvakopAsaka gRhasthoM ke AcAra bhI bahuta mAmUlI DhaMga ke hote the / vRttivAn jaina zramaNopAsaka jitane niyama

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276 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra upaniyamoM se apane ko pratijJAbaddha karate the utane AjIvakopAsaka nahIM / unameM jo jo dhArmika vRttivAle hote, ve nimnalikhita vrata svIkAra karate the 1. mAtApitA kI sevA / 2. paMcaphala pratyAkhyAna arthAt gUlara, bar3a, bera, satara aura pIpala ke phaloM kA tyAga / 3. pyAja, lahasuna aura kaMda-mUla kA tyAga / 4. alAJchita aura binA nAthe hue bailoM se jIvikA calAnA / 5. trasa (calate phirate) jIvoM ko bacAkara jIvana nirvAha karanA / bhagavatIsUtra ke AThaveM zataka ke pA~caveM uddezaka meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiM ki ye bAraha AjIvakopAsaka haiM-tAla, tAlapalaMba, ubviha, saMviha, avaviha, udaya, nAmudaya, Namudaya, aNuvAlaya, saMkhavAlaya, ayaMpula, aura kAyaraya / ye arihaMta ko devatA mAnanevAle, mAtApitA kI sevA karanevAle, gUlara, bar3a, bera, satara aura plakSa (pIpala) ina pA~ca phaloM ke tyAgI, pyAja lahasuna aura kaMda mUla ko nahIM khAnevAle, anirlAJchita aura anAthita bailoM se aura trasa prANoM ko bacAkara AjIvakA calAte haiM / jaba AjIvakopAsaka bhI isa prakAra niravadya jIvana gujArate haiM to zramaNopAsakoM kA to kahanA hI kyA ? unheM to ina pandraha hI karmAdAnoM ko na svayaM karanA cAhiye, na karAnA cAhiye, na karate hue kA anumodana karanA cAhiye / isI sUtra meM anyatra zramaNopAsakoM ke vrata viSayaka vividha vikalpoM kA varNana karake bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiM ki isa prakAra vividha vikalpoM se vrata pAlanevAle zramaNopAsaka hote haiM, AjIvakopAsaka aise nahIM hote / jaina zramaNopAsakoM ke sAmAyika aura pauSadha vrata kA AjIvaka kisa prakAra makhaula ur3Ate the isakA patA bhagavatIsUtra ke AThaveM zataka ke pA~caveM uddezaka meM varNita AjIvakoM ke praznoM se lagegA / eka samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra rAjagRha ke guNazIla caitya meM padhAre hue the / taba indrabhUti gautama ne Akara unase kahA--'bhagavan ! AjIvaka loga

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AjIvakamata-digdarzana 277 nirgrantha sthaviroM se pUchate haiM ki sAmAyikavrata meM sthita zramaNopAsaka kI kisI cIz2a kI corI ho jAya to vrata pUrNa hone ke bAda vaha usakI talAza kare yA nahIM ? yadi kare, to vaha apanI cIz2a kI talAza karatA hai yaha kahA jAyagA yA dUsare kI cIz2a kI? aura sAmAyikasthita zramaNopAsaka kI bhAryA se koI puruSa gamana kare to vahA~ kyA kahanA cAhiye, zramaNopAsaka kI bhAryA se gamana yA aura kucha ?' ityAdi / Upara ke donoM prazna AjIvakoM ke the jinakA gautama ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchakara khulAsA kiyA thA / uparyukta ullekhoM se yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki nirgranthoM aura AjIvakoM ke AcAra bhinna-bhinna the / yahI nahIM, kabhI kabhI ve eka dUsare ke sAmpradAyika AcAroM para kaTAkSa taka kiyA karate the / 4. dhArmika tathA dArzanika siddhAnta AjIvaka mata ke dhArmika aura dArzanika siddhAntoM ke viSaya meM bhI thor3I bahuta jAnakArI jaina aura bauddha sUtroM se hI milatI hai / gozAlaka ne apane mukha se svamata ke jo dhArmika siddhAnta bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAmane prakaTa kiye the, unakA savistara varNana bhagavatIsUtra ke paMdrahaveM zataka meM hai, jo 'gozAlaka' vAle prakaraNa meM diyA gayA hai / isake atirikta AjIvakoM ke niyativAda kA bhI aneka sthaloM meM ullekha AtA hai| upAsakadazAMga ke chaThe adhyayana meM eka deva aura zramaNopAsaka kuNDakaulika ke saMvAda meM niyativAda kI carcA hai| pauSadha vrata meM baiThe hue zramaNopAsaka kuMDakaulika kI nAma-mudrikA aura uttarIyavastra uThA kara AkAzasthita deva kahatA hai--'he kuNDakaulika zramaNopAsaka ! gozAlaka makhaliputra kI dharmaprajJapti bar3I sundara hai / usameM na utthAna hai, na karma hai, na bala hai, na vIrya hai aura na puruSaparAkrama kyoMki usake mata meM sarvabhAva 1. dekhie pRSTha 127-134 /

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278 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra niyata haiM / zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dharmaprajJapti acchI nahIM / usameM utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya aura puruSa-parAkrama kAraNa mAne gaye haiM, kyoMki unake mata meM sarvabhAva aniyata haiM / isI sUtra ke sAtaveM adhyayana meM AjIvakopAsaka saddAlaputra aura mahAvIra kA vArtAlApa hai / apane miTTI ke bartana idhara udhara karate hue saddAlaputra se bhagavAn mahAvIra pUchate haiM-'saddAlaputra ! yaha bartana kaise banA ? puruSaparAkrama se yA usake bagaira ?' uttara meM saddAlaputra kahatA hai-'ye mRttikAbhANDa niyatibala se banate haiM, puruSaparAkrama se nahIM / sabhI padArtha niyativaza hote haiM / jisakA jaisA honA niyata hotA hai vaha vaise hI hotA hai / usameM puruSaparAkrama kucha bhI parivartana nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki sarvabhAva niyata hote haiN|' bauddha dIrghanikAya meM gozAlaka ke siddhAntoM kA sArAMza isa prakAra hai __ 'prANiyoM kI bhraSTatA ke liye nikaTa kA athavA dUra kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai| ve bagaira nimitta athavA kAraNa ke bhraSTa hote haiN| prANiyoM kI pavitratA ke liye nikaTa yA dUra kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai| ve bagaira nimitta yA kAraNa ke hI pavitra hote haiM / koI bhI apane khuda ke athavA dUsaroM ke prayatnoM para AdhAra nahIM rakhatA / saMkSepa meM sArAMza yahI hai ki kucha bhI puruSa-prayAsa para avalaMbita nahIM hai, kyoMki zakti, pauruSa athavA manuSyabala jaisI koI cIja hI nahIM hai / pratyeka savicAra (uccatara prANI), pratyeka sendriyavastu (adhamatara koTi ke prANI), pratyeka prajanita vastu (prANImAtra) aura pratyeka sajIva vastu (sarva vanaspati) balahIna, prabhAvahIna aura zaktihIna hai / inakI bhinna-bhinna avasthAyeM vidhivaza vA svabhAvavaza hotI haiM aura SaD vargoM meM se eka athavA dUsare kI sthiti ke anusAra manuSya sukha-du:kha ke bhoktA banate haiM / AjIvaka kaise kaTTara niyativAdI hote the, isa bAta ko pramANita karane ke liye Upara ke jaina aura bauddha varNana hI paryApta haiM, tathApi hama unakI

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AjIvakamata-digdarzana 279 eka aura yojanA yahA~ uddhRta kareMge jisase yaha jAnA jA sakegA ki ve kaise niyativAdI dhArmika siddhAntoMpara vizvAsa rakhanevAle hote the / bauddha dIrghanikAya meM AjIvakoM ke siddhAntoM meM likhA hai caudaha lAkha mukhya prakAra ke janma haiM / phira ve cha: hajAra (athavA dalva mujaba sATha haz2Ara) aura cha: sau dUsare haiM / karma ke pA~ca sau prakAra hai, (paMcendriya ke anusAra) phira pA~ca bhI haiM aura (mana, vacana, kAyA mujaba) tIna bhI haiM, aura pUrA karma aura AdhA karma, isa prakAra do bhI hai (pUrA arthAt mana vacana kAyA se kiyA huA karma aura AdhA arthAt kevala mana se kiyA huA karma) / AcaraNa ke bAsaTha prakAra haiM / Antarakalpa bAsaTha hote haiM / manuSyoM meM cha: varga (abhijAti) haiM / mAnava jIvana kI ATha avasthAyeM haiM / cAra haz2Ara nau sau prakAra ke ajIva haiM / cAra hajAra nau sau prakAra ke parivrAjaka haiM / nAgaloga meM AbAda unacAsa pradeza haiM / do haz2Ara zaktiyA~ haiN| tIna haz2Ara pApamocana sthAna haiM / chattIsa dhUlarAjiyA~ haiM / saMjJI AtmAoM meM se sAta utpattiyA~ haiM, asaMjJI prANiyoM meM se sAta utpattiyA~ haiM aura (Ikha) kI do gA~ThoM ke bIca meM se sAta utpattiyA~ haiM / sAta prakAra devoM ke haiM / sAta manuSyoM ke haiM / sAta pizAcoM ke haiM / sAta sarovaroM ke haiM / sAta bar3e aura sAta sau choTe jalaprapAta haiM / sAta Avazyaka aura sAta anAvazyaka svapna haiM / caurAsI lAkha mahAkalpa haiM jahA~ bAla aura paNDita donoM samAna rIti se saMsAra meM bhaTaka-bhaTaka kara anta meM apane duHkhoM kA anta kareMge / yadyapi bAla amuka zIla, vrata, tapa aura brahmacarya dvArA aparipakva karmoM ko paripakva karane kI AzA kareMge aura paNDita inhIM sAdhanoM dvArA paripakva hue karmoM se chUTane kI AzA kareMge, parantu do meM se eka bhI kRtakArya nahIM ho sakeMge / mAno nApa nApa kara diye hoM, aise sukha-duHkhoM ko saMsAra meM koI nahIM badala sakatA / inameM na vRddhi ho sakatI hai, na hAni / jaise rassI ke baMDala ko ukerane para usakI laMbAI taka hI ukerA jAyagA jyAdA nahIM, vaise hI bAla aura paMDita donoM samAna rIti se niyata samaya taka saMsAra bhramaNa kareMge aura usake bAda hI unake duHkhoM kA anta hogA / ' antima niyativAda ke upadeza ko chor3a kara yahI yojanA

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280 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra majjhimanikAya aura saMyuktanikAya meM bhikkhu pakudhakaccAyana kI aura tibbatI dalva meM ajitakezakaMbala kI hone kA ullekha hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki kevala AjIvakoM ke hI nahIM dUsare bhI tatkAlIna-dArzanikoM ke saiddhAntika vicAra isI prakAra ke hoMge / isa yojanA meM ullikhita manuSyoM kI SaD abhijAtiyoM kA svarUpa nirgrantha pravacana meM diye hue cha: lezyAoM ke svarUpa se milatA julatA hai aura pA~ca indriyoM ke dvArA kiyA gayA prANiyoM kA pA~ca meM vibhAga bhI jaina pravacana kI zailI se milatA hai / isake atirikta 'savve jIvA savve sattA' ityAdi zabda racanA bhI nirgrantha pravacana se akSarazaH milatI hai / AjIvaka AtmavAdI, punarjanmavAdI aura nirvANavAdI hote the, yaha to inake siddhAntoM se hI nizcita hai; para unake mata meM AtmA kA svarUpa kyA thA, yaha jAnanA kaThina hai / bauddha majjhimanikAya meM likhA hai ki buddha ke viruddha chahoM bhikSunetA samAna rIti se yaha pratipAdana karate the ki 'prabuddha AtmA' nirvANa ke bAda apanA astitva jArI rakhatI hai, tathApi isa astitva ke khAsa prakAra para inameM matabheda thA / gozAlaka kA mata thA ki AtmA 'rUpI' hai aura mahAvIra kI mAnyatA thI ki yaha 'arUpI' hai| jainasUtra sUtrakRtAGga meM tIna sau tresaTha pravAdiyoM ke kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, ajJAnavAdI aura vinayavAdI-ye cAra vibhAga kiye haiM / inameM se dUsare akriyAvAdiyoM ke mUla ATha bheda sthAnAGgasUtra meM mAne haiM jinameM sAtavA~ bheda niyativAdiyoM kA hai / jaina nandIsatra meM dRSTivAdAMga ke varNana meM gyAraha parikarmoM kA nirUpaNa karake likhA hai ki cAra parikarma catuSkanaya saMbaMdhI hai aura sAta trirAzika saMbaMdhI / sUtragata ke nirUpaNa meM bAIsa sUtroM ke nAma nirdeza karake likhA hai ki ye bAIsa sUtra chinacchedanayika haiM, jo jaina darzana ke krama kA anusaraNa karate haiM / ye hI bAIsa sUtra acchinnacchedanayika haiM jo AjIkka sUtra kI paripATI kA anusaraNa karate haiM / ye hI bAIsa sUtra trikanayika haiM jo trairAzika

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AjIvakamata-digdarzana 281 satra kI paripATI kA anusaraNa karate haiM aura ye hI bAIsa sUtra catuSkanayika haiM jo jaina-pravacana kA anugamana karate haiM / isa prakAra saba milakara aThAsI sUtra hote haiN| uparyukta varNana meM trairAzika aura AjIvakoM kA ullekha hai aura vaha bhI yoM hI nahIM para unake matAnusArI bAIsa bAIsa sUtroM kI sUcanA ke sAtha / TIkAkAroM ke kathanAnusAra ye trairAzika bhI gozAlaka ke hI ziSya the aura sat asat sadasat, nitya anitya nityAnitya ityAdi sarvatra tIna rAziyoM kI mAnyatA ke kAraNa ve trairAzika kahalAte the / sUtrakRtAGga kI TIkA meM AcArya zIlAMkasUri ne bhI trairAzikoM ko gozAlaka ke ziSya likhA hai / parantu trairAzika gozAlaka ke ziSya the, isa kathana meM pramANa kyA hai so hama nahIM kaha sakate / isake viparIta trairAzika jaina saMgha meM se nikale the aisA pramANa jainAgama kalpasUtra meM milatA hai / AryamahAgiri ke praziSya rohagupta ke varNana meM sUtrakAra likhate haiM-"ettha terAsiyA niggayA" arthAt yahA~ se trairAzika nikale / AryamahAgiri AryasthUlabhadra ke bar3e ziSya the aura jinakalpikoM kA anukaraNa karate hue ve acelaka hokara vicarate the / unakA anusaraNa karanevAle unake katipaya ziSya bhI vaisA hI karate the| Azcarya nahIM, trairAzika mata kA pravartaka rohagupta bhI usI koTi kA ho aura use AjIvakoM kI taraha nagna rahate dekha usake virodhiyoM ne 'gozAlaka ziSya' isa nAma se prasiddha kara diyA ho / athavA yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki zramaNasaMgha se bahiSkRta hone ke bAda rohagupta svayaM hI AjIvakoM ke saMgha meM mila gayA ho / kucha bhI ho, jahA~ taka hamArA khyAla hai, trairAzikoM kI utpatti jainasaMgha se mAnanA adhika yuktisaMgata hai / ukta nandIsUtra ke varNana meM bAIsa 'achinacchedanayika' sutra AjIvakoM kI sUtra-paripATI kA anusaraNa karanevAle kahe haiM / yadyapi 'achitracchedanaya' kA artha TIkAkAroM ne spaSTa nahIM likhA, parantu jahA~ taka hama samajhate haiM isakA tAtparya azuddha naigama, saMgraha aura vyavahAra naya se hai| yadi hamArI yaha kalpanA

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282 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ThIka mAnI jAya to yaha anumAna kara lenA anucita nahIM hogA ki AjIvaka dravyArthika nayoM ko mAnanevAle the / unakI katipaya dUsarI bAtoM se bhI isa anumAna kA samarthana hotA hai / isake viparIta zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra paryAyArthika nayoM ke adhika AgrahI the, yaha bAta jamAli ke virodha ke kAraNa ko vicArane se svayaM samajha meM A sakatI hai / mahAvIra ke 'karemANe kaDe' ke viruddha jamAli ne 'kaDe kaDe' yaha prarUpaNA kI thI / vastutaH donoM kathanoM meM bhinna-bhinna nayoM kI apekSA thI / mahAvIra kI dRSTi 'RjusUtra' nAmaka paryAyArthika naya para thI aura jamAli kI "vyavahAra' nAmaka dravyAthika naya para / mahAvIra ne jamAli ko eka mAtra isI dRSTi-bheda ke kArama nirgrantha pravacana kA pratyanIka mAna kara saMgha se bahiSkRta kara diyA thA / isase yaha bAta adhika spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki mahAvIra ko padArtha prarUpaNa meM azuddha nayoM kA AsarA lenA pasaMda nahIM thA arthAt prameya kA jijJAsita svarUpa judAkara na samajhAnevAle nayoM se padArtha nirUpaNa karanA mahAvIra pasaMda nahIM karate the / isase siddha hai ki unakA jhukAva RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUDha aura evaMbhUta ina cAra nayoM kI tarapha adhika thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki nandIsUtrakAra ne chinnAcchedanayika sUtroM ko svasamayaparipATyanusArI kahA hai aura acchinacchedanAyika sUtroM ko AjIvakasUtra paripATyanusArI / sUtrakRtAGga kI TIkA meM trairAzikoM kI mAnyatAoM ke varNana meM likhA hai ki 've AtmA kI tIna avasthA mAnate haiM--samalA, zuddhA aura akarmA / ' jisa taraha malina jala ubAlane se zuddha hotA hai aura usameM ke rajakaNa nIce baiTha jAne para vaha bilakula nirmala ho jAtA hai, isI taraha karmamala se lipta AtmA tapa-saMyama se zuddha hotI hai aura sarvakarmAMzoM se mukta hone para akarmA / para jaise nirmala huA jala bhI vAyu Adi se rajakaNa girane se punaH samala ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra akarmaka AtmA bhI apane tIrtha kI unnati avanati ko dekha rAgadveSavaza ho phira samala ho jAtI hai aura apane tIrtha kI unnati karatI hai / uparyukta siddhAnta gozAlaka-ziSya trairAzikoM kA honA likhA hai, para

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AjIvakamata-digdarzana 283 eka to trairAzika gozAlaka ke hI ziSya the isa bAta kA kucha pramANa nahIM hai| dUsarA unheM gozAlaka ke matAnuyAyI mAna lene para bhI isase yaha siddha honA kaThina hai ki gozAlaka kI bhI yahI mAnyatA thI kyoMki gozAlaka ke svargavAsa ke bahuta pIche trairAzika saMpradAya nikalA thA / AjIvaka aura digambara pUrvokta nandIsUtra ke ullekhAnusAra pUrvazruta meM AjIvaka aura trairAzika matAnusArI sUtraparipATI kA varNana hone se DA0 hArnale kA kathana hai ki jina AjIvaka aura trairAzikoM kA nandI meM ullekha hai ve gozAlaka se badala kara mahAvIra ke pAsa gaye hue AjIvaka the / ye donoM sampradAya nirgrantha sampradAya se pRthak nahIM the / unakA yaha bhI kathana hai ki vartamAna digambara jaina saMgha unhIM AjIvaka aura trairAzikoM kA uttarAdhikArI hai / isake pratipAdana meM ve kahate haiM : (1) mahAvIra ke sAtha gozAlaka kA jhagar3A huA usa samaya jo AjIvaka bhikSu mahAvIra se jA mile the unhoMne apanA nAgnyAcAra kAyama rakkhA thA / (2) AjIvaka aura trairAzikoM ke mata kA pUrvazruta meM varNana hone se ye nirgrantha sampradAya ke vartula ke bAhara ke nahIM ho sakate / (3) AjIvaka nagna hote the aura digambara bhI nagna hote haiM / (4) AjIvaka eka daNDa rakhate the aura digambara bhI rakhate haiM / (5) tAmila bhASA meM AjIvaka zabda kA artha digambara hotA hai / (6) zIlAGkAcArya ke lekha se AjIvaka aura digambara eka sAbita hote haiN| (7) dasavIM sadI ke koSakAra halAyudha ne digambaroM ko AjIvaka likhA hai| (1) DA0 mahodaya ke 'mahAvIra se jA milanevAle AjIvaka bhikSu nirgrantha saMgha meM milane ke bAda bhI nagna hI rahe the' isa kathana meM kucha bhI

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284 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra pramANa nahIM hai| (2) pUrvazruta meM ullekha hone se hI AjIvaka aura trairAzikoM ko nirgrantha saMgha ke vartula ke bhItara mAna lenA bhI yuktiyukta nahIM hai, kyoMki pUrvazruta dRSTivAda kA eka bhAga hone se usameM anya dArzanikoM ke mata kA ullekha honA koI nayI bAta nahIM hai / dRSTivAda meM pratyeka darzana kI AlocanA pratyAlocanA honA svAbhAvika hai / AjIvaka aura trairAzikoM ke siddhAnta adhikAMza meM jaina siddhAntoM se milate julate the isa vAste sUtra vibhAga meM inake matAnusArI sUtroM kA honA kucha asvAbhAvika yA Azcaryajanaka nahIM hai aura isa kAraNa se hI inako nirgrantha saMgha meM mAna lenA ThIka nahIM / (3) AjIvaka aura digambara donoM nagna hone se bhI eka nahIM ho sakate / AjIvakoM kI hI taraha pUraNakazyapa aura usake anuyAyI bhI nagna rahate the, to kyA nagnatA ke nAte inako bhI una donoM se abhinna mAna liyA jAyagA ? kabhI nahIM / vartamAna samaya meM niraMjanI Adi aneka vaiSNava sAdhuoM kI jamAteM nagna rahatI haiM phira bhI yaha kabhI nahIM kaha sakate ki digambara jaina sAdhu inase abhinna haiM / (4) digambara jainoM ke eka daNDa rakhane ke vidhAna kI bAta bhI hama satya nahIM mAna sakate / jahA~ taka hameM jJAta hai digambara jaina sAdhu kisI bhI taraha kA daNDa nahIM rakhate aura na aisA karane kA unake zAstro meM vidhAna hI hai| (5) tAmila bhASA meM AjIvaka zabda kA artha 'digambara' karane se bhI AjIvaka aura digambara jaina eka nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki usa pradeza meM AjIvakoM kA adhika pracAra thA aura ve nirantara nagna hI rahate the isa kAraNa ve vahA~ digambara bhI kahalAte hoMge / parantu isa zabdArtha mAtra se digambara jaina aura AjIvaka abhinna siddha nahIM ho sakate / nagna rahane se hara koI digambara kahA jA sakatA hai para isase vaha digambara jaina hI hai yaha mAna lenA yuktisaMgata nhiiN| (6) zIlAMkAcArya ne AjIvaka kA paryAya digambara kiyA to isase

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285 AjIvakamata-digdarzana bhI unakI nagnatA mAtra prakaTa hotI hai, na ki digaMbara jainoM se abhinnatA / (7) halAyudha ne abhidhAnaratnamAlA meM digambara jainoM ko AjIvaka kaha diyA, isase bhI ve abhinna siddha nahIM kiye jA sakate / koSakAra kucha prAmANika itihAsakAra nahIM hote ki ve jo kucha likheM pramANasiddha hI likheM / apane samaya meM jisa zabda kA jo artha kiyA jAtA ho use usa artha meM likha denA, itanA hI koSakAroM kA kartavya hotA hai / halAyudha ke samaya meM digambara jainoM ko jainetara loga AjIvaka nAma se bhI pahacAnate hoMge isa kAraNa koSakAra ne unheM AjIvaka bhI likha diyA, para itane hI se ve AjIvaka nahIM ho sakate / Upara hamane dekhA ki DA0 hArnale ke diye hue pramANoM meM eka bhI pramaNa aisA nahIM jo digambara jainoM ko hI AjIvaka athavA trairAzika siddha kara sake / isake atirikta digambaroM ko trairAzika mAnane meM kisI prakAra kA dArzanika mAnyatA viSayaka sAdRzya bhI nahIM hai / yadi digambara jaina hI trairAzika hote to inameM bhI sat asat sadasat, nitya anitya nityAnitya ityAdi trairAzika saMmata tIna rAzi kI aura tIna naya kI mAnyatA hotI, para aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai| zvetAmbara jainasaMgha ke aneka naye purAne granthoM meM digambara sampradAya kA ullekha aura varNana hai, para kahIM bhI inako zvetAmbaroM ne 'AjIvaka' athavA 'trairAzika' nahIM kahA / bhASyoM aura cUNiyoM meM sarvatra inako 'boDiya' (boTika) isa nAma se vyavahRta kiyA hai| dasavIM sadI ke bAda ke granthoM meM AzAmbara, digambara, dikpaTa ityAdi nAmoM kA inake liye prayoga huA hai / kahIM bhI AjIvaka athavA trairAzika ye zabda digambara jainoM ke liye prayukta nahIM hue / yadi ve eka hote to sabase pahale zvetAmbara jaina hI unako gozAlaka ziSya kahakara tiraskRta karate, kyoMki unake sabase adhika nikaTavartI ve hI the / para vaisA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM kiyA / isake viparIta zvetAmbara granthakAroM ne digambara aura AjIvakoM kA bhinna-bhinna ullekha kiyA hai| udAharaNa ke taura para hama yahA~ oghaniyukti-bhASya kI eka gAthA kA avataraNa deMge jisameM AjIvaka aura digambaroM kA alaga-alaga ullekha hai /

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra sAdhu varSA cAturmAsya ke lie grAma meM praveza kareM usa samaya honevAle apazukanoM kA varNana karate hue ukta bhASyakAra kahate haiM 286 'cakkayaraMmi bhamADo, bhukkhAmAro ya paMDuraMgaMmi / taccanni ruhirapaDanaM, boDiyamasie dhuvaM maraNaM // 107 // arthAt (grAma meM praveza karate samaya ) cakradhara bhikSu sAmane mile to cAturmAsya meM bhaTakanA par3e, pAMDuraMga AjIvaka bhikSu sAmane mile to bhUkha aura mAra sahana karanA par3e, bauddha bhikSu ke sAmane milane para khUna gire aura boTika digambara jaina tathA asita - bhauta nAmaka bhikSuoM ke sAmane milane para nizcita maraNa ho / uparyukta gAthA meM AjIvakoM ke liye 'pAMDuraMga' aura digambaroM ke liye 'boDiya' nAma prayukta hue haiM / yadi ve donoM eka hI hote to unakA bhinnabhinna nAmoM se ullekha karane kI kucha bhI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI / ina saba bAtoM kA vicAra karane para yaha bAta nizcita ho jAtI hai ki digambara jaina mUla nirgrantha saMgha kA hI eka vibhAga hai / AjIvaka yA trairAzikoM se isakA kucha bhI saMbandha nahIM / aba hama AjIvakoM ke itihAsa para dRSTipAta kareMge / AjIvakoM kA itihAsa bauddha mahAvaMza meM laMkA ke rAjA 'pAMDukAbhaya' ke AjIvakoM ke liye eka makAna banavAne kA ullekha hai / yadi mahAvaMzakAra kA yaha kathana ThIka ho to I0 sa0 pUrva pA~cavIM sadI ke aMtima caraNa taka AjIvaka laMkA taka pahu~ca gaye the, yahI kahanA cAhiye / upalabdha sAdhanoM meM AjIvakoM ke saMbandha meM sabase prAcIna ullekha to gayA ke pAsa barbara pahAr3a kI eka guphA kI dIvAra para khude hue azoka ke eka lekha meM hai / isameM likhe mujaba yaha lekha mahArAjA azoka ke rAjya ke terahaveM varSa meM khodA gayA thA / isa lekha kA bhAva yaha hai- 'rAjA priyadarzI ne apane rAjya ke terahaveM varSa meM yaha guphA AjIvakoM ko arpaNa kI / ' For Private Personal Use Only

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AjIvakamata-digdarzana 287 dUsarA ullekha isI mahArAja azoka ke zAsana staMbhoM meM ke sAtaveM stambha para rAjya ke 28 veM varSa meM khude hue lekha meM AtA hai jo isa prakAra hai-- 'maiMne yojanA kI hai ki mere dharma mahAmAtra bauddha saMgha ke, brAhmaNoM ke, AjIvakoM ke, nirgranthoM ke aura vAstavika bhinnatAvAle kucha pASaNDoM ke kArya meM vyApta ho jAya~ge / ' tIsarA prAcIna ullekha nAgArjuna kI guphA kI dIvAroM para khude hue azoka ke putra dazaratha ke lekha meM AtA hai, jo isa prakAra hai--'yaha guphA mahArAja dazaratha ne rAjagaddI para Ane ke bAda turanta AcandrArka nivAsa ke liye sammAnya AjIvakoM ko arpaNa kI / ' pahale jo AjIvakoM ke pAsa kAlakAcArya ke nimitta zAstra par3hane kI bAta kahI gaI hai, usase siddha hai ki vikrama - pUrva prathama zatAbdI meM dakSiNa bhArata maiM AjIvakoM kA khAsA pracAra thA / AjIvakoM kA eka vicitra vRttAnta sadajIro suguira (Sadajiro Suguira) 'hindU lojika aiz2a prIjarva ina cAinA eNDa jApAna' nAmaka choTe grantha meM AtA hai / upodghAta ke pRSTha solaha para granthakAra kahatA hai--'cInI aura jApAnI granthakarttA bAra-bAra ina mahAsampradAyoM meM (arthAt suprasiddha cha: bhAratIya sampradAyoM meM) do vizeSa sampradAyoM kA samAveza karate haiM jo 'nikendabrI' aura 'azivika' ke nAma se pahicAne jAte haiM aura eka dUsare se bilakula milate-julate haiM / ye donoM mAnate haiM ki pApI jIvana kA daNDa jaldI yA derI se cukAnA hI par3atA hai aura isase bacanA azakya hone se jaise bhI ho yaha jaldI hI cukAnA acchA hai, jisase ki bhAvI jIvana Ananda meM nirgamana ho ske| isa prakAra inake vicAra tApasika the / upavAsa, mauna, acalAsana aura AkaMTha apane ko dabAye rakhanA ye inakI tapasyA ke bodhaka the / sambhavataH ye sampradAya jaina athavA kisI anya hindU sampradAya kI prazAkhAyeM thIM / ' ukta lekha meM ullikhita 'nikendabrI' aura 'azivika' kramazaH nirgranthavratI aura AjIvaka haiM, isameM kucha bhI saMzaya nahIM hai / For Private Personal Use Only

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288 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra bRhajjAtaka ke pravrajyAyoga prakaraNa meM varAhamihira ne jo sAta bhikSa varga batAye haiM unameM AjIvaka bhI zAmila haiM / vikrama kI sAtavIM sadI kI kRti nizIthacUrNi meM 'AjIvaka' zabda kA paricaya dete hue cUrNikAra jinadAsagaNi mahattara likhate haiM--'AjIvaka gozAlaka-ziSya hote haiM jo paMDarabhikSuka bhI kahalAte haiM / ' oghaniyukti-bhASyakAra bhI AjIvakoM kA pAMDuraMga nAma se vyavahAra karate haiM jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai| anuyogadvAra cUrNi meM 'paMDaraMga' zabda kA paryAya batAte hue cUrNikAra kahate haiM- "paMDaraMgA sA (sasa) rakkhA" arthAt 'paMDaraMga' kA artha 'sarajaska' bhikSu hai / dasavIM sadI ke prasiddha jaina TIkAkAra AcArya zIlAMka ne ekadaNDiyoM ko zivabhakta batAyA hai / gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke TIkAkAra bhaTTotpala ne bRhajjAtaka kI TIkA meM 'AjIvakoM' kA artha 'ekadaNDI' kiyA hai aura unheM 'nArAyaNa' kA bhakta likhA hai / uparyukta pramANoM aura nAmollekhoM se jo niSkarSa nikalatA hai usakA sAra yaha hai ki bRhajjAtaka ke ullekha se pAyA jAtA hai ki varAhamihira ke samaya arthAt vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI ke uttarArdha taka AjIvaka vidyamAna the aura ve 'AjIvaka' nAma se hI pahacAne jAte the / nizIthacUrNi aura oghaniyukti ke bhASyakAra ke samaya vikrama kI sAtavIM zatAbdI meM AjIvaka 'gozAlaka ziSya' ke nAma se prasiddha hone para bhI 'pANDurabhikSu' athavA 'pANDuraMgabhikSu' kahalAne lage the / anuyogadvAracUNi meM 'paMDuraMga' zabda kA paryAya 'sarajaska' likhA hai / isase hameM unakA 'pANDuraMga' yaha nAma pracalita hone kA kAraNa bhI samajha meM A jAtA hai / AjIvaka bhikSu nagna rahate the, isa kAraNa saMbhava hai ki zItanivAraNArtha zaiva saMnyAsiyoM kI taraha inhoMne bhI apane zarIra para bhasma yA

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AjIvakamata-digdarzana 289 kisI taraha kI sapheda dhUla (rajas) lagAnA zurU kara diyA ho aura isase ve pAMDuraMga (bhUre raMgavAle) yA 'pAMDurAGga' (dhUsara zarIravAle) kahalAne lage hoM / kacha bhI ho, para yaha to nizcita hai ki ina nAmoM ke sAtha hI AjIvaka naye dharma-saMpradAyoM ke nikaTa pahu~ca cuke the aura isakA pariNAma vahI huA jo honA cAhiye thA / vikrama kI AThavIM sadI meM pahu~ca kara AjIvaka apanA astitva kho baiThe / ve hamezA ke liye zaiva aura vaiSNava saMpradAyoM meM mila kara unhIM nAmoM se prasiddha ho gaye / AcArya zIlAGka inako zaiva aura bhaTTotpala nArAyaNabhakta batAte haiM usakA yahI kAraNa hai / dakSiNa bhArata meM tathA anyatra Aja taka niraMjanI Adi nagna saMnyAsiyoM kI jamAteM jo dRSTigocara hotI haiM, hamAre khyAla se ye usI nAmazeSa AjIvaka saMpradAya ke avazeSa haiM / aba hama eka zaMkA kA nirAkaraNa kara ke isa lekha ko pUrA kareMge / "vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI meM hI AjIvaka sampradAya nAmazeSa ho gayA thA' hamAre isa kathana para prazna ho sakatA hai ki yadi AThavIM zatAbdI meM hI AjIvakoM kI samApti ho gaI hotI to vikrama kI terahavIM sadI ke cauthe aura caudahavIM sadI ke pahale caraNa meM colarAjA rAja ke dvArA perumAla ke mandira kI dIvAroM para khudavAye gaye saMvat 1295-1296, 1300 aura 1316 ke zilAlekhoM meM AjIvakoM para kara lagAne kA ullekha kaise hotA ? uttara yaha hai ki ukta lekhoM meM AjIvakoM para kara lagAne kA jo ullekha hai, vaha gozAlakaziSya AjIvakoM ke liye nahIM kintu AjIvakoM ke sAdRzya se pichale samaya meM 'AjIvaka' nAmaprApta 'digambara jainoM ke liye hai| dakSiNa bhArata AjIvaka aura digambara jaina donoM hI kA mukhya vihAra kSetra thA / yahI nahIM, donoM hI sampradAyavAle digambara aura avaidika bhikSu the / isa kAraNa sarvasAdhAraNa meM una donoM kA bheda samajhanA sahaja nahIM thA / loga AjIvakoM ko digambara samajha lete the aura digambaroM ko AjIvaka bhI / parantu jaba se khare AjIvaka AjIvaka miTakara paMDuraMgAdi nAmoM se prasiddha ho vaiSNavAdi sampradAyoM meM mila gaye tabase AjIvaka nAma kevala digambara jainoM ke liye zramaNa-19

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290 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra hI raha gayA / dhanaJjaya digambara jainoM ke AjIvaka nAma se prasiddha hone kI jo bAta kahatA hai usakA kAraNa bhI isase samajha meM A jAtA hai kyoMki usa samaya se bahuta pahale hI vAstavika AjIvakoM kA astitva miTa cukA thA aura nagna bhikSuoM ke liye suprasiddha 'AjIvika' nAma kA prayoga nagna bhikSuoM ke nAte digambara jaina sAdhuoM ke liye rUr3ha ho gayA thA / rAjA rAja ke lekhoM meM digambara jainoM ke liye jo 'AjIvaka' zabda prayukta huA hai usakA yahI kAraNa hai| 6 upasaMhAra __ AjIvaka mata sambandhI mukhya bAtoM kA yathopalabdha varNana Upara kara diyA / gozAlaka ke jIvana vRttAnta aura 'maMkhaliputra' nAma ke sambandha meM Upara UhApoha nahIM kiyA, kyoMki jIvanavRttAnta carita khaMDa meM 'gozAlaka' nAmaka pariccheda meM A gayA hai aura 'maMkhaliputra' nAmakI carcA kucha mahattva nahIM rakhatI / isa viSaya meM hamAre vicAra DA0 hAnale ke vicAroM se bhinna haiM / __ jaina sUtroM meM gozAlaka kI jAti aura AjIvakA ke sambandha meM jo likhA hai use hama yathArtha mAnate haiN| prAcIna jaina sUtroM meM jahA~ jahA~ tamAzagIroM kI nAmAvalI AtI hai vahA~ sarvatra 'maMkha' nAma bhI AyA karatA hai / isa vAste 'maMkha' zabda kA TIkAkAroM ne jo artha kiyA hai usameM zaMkA karane kA koI kAraNa nahIM dIkhAtA / gozAlaka kA jitanA paricaya jainoM ko thA utanA bauddhoM ko nahIM / isa vAste bauddhoM kA yaha kathana ki 'maMkhali' yaha gozAlaka kA nAma thA, kucha bhI pramANa nahIM rakhatA / 'maMkhali' yaha gozAlaka ke bApa yA jAti kA nAma thA / isIliye usake nAma ke sAtha sarvatra 'maMkhaliputra' yaha vizeSaNa bolA jAtA thA / bauddhoM ne isa vizeSaNa ke eka deza 'maMkhali' kA gozAlaka ke liye hI prayoga kara DAlA aura pichale lekhakoM ne usakA saMskRta rUpa 'maskarin' banAkara use 'parivrAjaka' zabda kA paryAya banA liyA / DA0 hArnale kA abhiprAya hai ki 'maMkhala' jaisA koI zabda nahIM jisase 'maMkhali' zabda siddha ho / isaliye 'maskarin' kA prAkRta rUpa 'maMkhali' athavA 'makkhali' mAnakara use gozAlaka kA nAma mAnanA hI ThIka hai, kyoMki gozAlaka aura usake anuyAyI eka daNDa rakhate the jo saMskRta bhASA meM

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AjIvakamata-digdarzana 291 'maskara' kahalAtA thA aura jisake dhAraNa karane se gozAlaka 'maskarI' kahalAtA thA / jahA~ taka hama samajhate haiM 'makkhaliputra' gozAlaka ke sambandha meM DA0 mahodaya kI yaha kalpanA prAmANika nahIM / gozAlaka yA usake samaya ke AjIvaka bhikSu vaMza - daNDa rakhate the, yaha bAta kisI bhI pramANa se siddha nahIM hotI / usa samaya meM jo ekadaNDI saMnyAsiyoM kA sampradAya thA usakA AjIvakoM se koI vAstA nahIM thA, yaha bAta sUtrakRtAGga kI TIkA meM varNita Ardraka muni ke vRttAnta aura dUsare aneka varNanoM se siddha hai / gozAlaka 'maskarI' zramaNa kahalAtA thA yaha satya, para usakA kAraNa 'maskara' nahIM, usake bApa kA athavA jAti kA nAma 'maMkhali' thA / jahA~ taka hamArA anumAna hai, gozAlaka ke svargavAsa ke bAda jainoM kI taraha AjIvakoM meM bhI daNDa rakhane kI prathA calI thI aura vaha daNDa bhI mukhyatayA vaMza kA hI hotA thA / pichale samaya ke vidvAnoM ko AjIvaka 'maskarI' kyoM kahalAte haiM isakA vAstavika jJAna na hone se ve vaMza ko hI 'maskara' mAnakara maskarayogAt maskarI' isa prakAra kI vyAkhyA karane lage / yahI kAraNa hai ki bhASyakAra pataJjali jaise praur3ha vidvAn ne isa vyAkhyA para aruci pradarzita kI hai / kApila, yogI, bauddha Adi aneka avaidika sampradAyoM kI hI taraha AjIvaka sampradAya bhI saikar3oM varSoM se vaidika dharma kI bRhatkukSi meM samAyA huA hai tathApi isake bahu vyApaka saMskAra bhAratavarSa se kabhI miTanevAle nahIM / dAkSiNAtya vaiSNava sampradAyoM kA jo dayA ke siddhAnta kI tarapha adhika jhukAva hai usakA bhI kucha zreya AjIvaka sampradAya ke hisse jAyagA aura ina sabase adhika vyApaka 'yadbhAvyaM tadbhaviSyati' vAlA siddhAnta Aja bhI kitane hI bhAratavAsiyoM ke hRdaya para jamA huA hai, jo AjIvakoM kI hI amara dena hai / For Private Personal Use Only

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SaSTha pariccheda jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zramaNagaNa meM AcAra-mArga do the-eka sthavirakalpa aura dUsarA jinakalpa / sabhI manuSya pahale 'sthavirakalpa' meM dIkSita hote the / para viziSTa saMhanana aura zrutasaMpatti pAne ke uparAnta unameM se jo zramaNa adhika ugra caryA dhAraNa karanA cAhate ve 'sthavirakalpa' se nikala kara 'jinakalpa' kA svIkAra karate the aura taba se ve "jinakalpika' kahalAte the / zvetAmbara jainoM ke niyukti aura bhASyAdi Agama granthoM meM jinakalpika kI vyAkhyA karate hue usakI yogyatA ke viSaya meM likhA gayA hai ki jo vajraRSabhanArAcasaMhananavAlA aura sAr3he navapUrva ke Upara tathA dazapUrva ke bhItara zruta par3hA huA ho vahI jinakalpa grahaNa kara sakatA hai / jinakalpika nagna, niSpratikarma aura vividha abhigrahadhArI hone ke nAte eka hote hue bhI, 'pANipAtra' (hAtha meM bhojana karanevAle) aura 'pAtradhArI' ke bheda se do prakAra ke hote haiN| (1) pANipAtra bhI upadhibheda se cAra prakAra ke hote the / koI rajoharaNa aura mukhavastrikA ye do upakaraNa rakhate, koI ukta do ke atirikta eka, koI do aura koI tIna kalpa (cAdareM) rakhate the / (2) pAtradhArI bhI ukta do, tIna, cAra aura pA~ca upakaraNoM ke atirikta sAta prakAra ke pAtra niryoga ke rakhane se kramazaH nau, dasa, gyAraha aura bAraha prakAra kI upadhi ke kAraNa cAra prakAra ke hote the| isa prakAra

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 293 zvetAmbara granthoM ke anusAra 'jinakalpikoM' ke mUla do aura uttara ATha bheda hote the / digambara jainAcArya devasena kRta 'bhAvasaMgraha' meM jinakalpikoM kA varNana nIce mujaba upalabdha hotA hai __ "tIrthaMkaro ne 'kalpa' do prakAra kA kahA hai-'jinakalpa' aura 'sthavirakalpa' / jinakalpa uttama saMhananadhArI ke liye kahA hai / jinakalpa meM rahe hue muni paira meM lagA kAMTA yA netra meM giri raja ko svayaM nahIM nikAlate, dUsaroM ke nikAlane para ve mauna rahate haiM / jalavRSTi Adi ke kAraNa vihAra mArga ruka jAne para ve cha: mAsa taka nirAhAra kAyotsarga-dhyAna meM rahate haiM / ve ekAdazAGga sUtroM ke dhAraka, dharma aura zukla dhyAna ko dhyAnevAle, saMpUrNa kaSAyatyAgI, maunavratI aura guhAvAsI hote haiM / bAhya evaM Abhyantara parigraha rahita niHsneha ni:spRha hokara jinakI taraha vicarate haiM, ataeva ve jinakalpasthita zramaNa kahalAte haiM / " aba hama inhIM jinakalpoM kA varNana digambara vidvAn vAmadeva ke 'bhAvasaMgraha' ke AdhAra para likheMge / __ 'aba jinakalpa nAmaka vRttAnta kahate haiM jisase ki bhavya AtmAoM ko mukti kA saGgama prApta hotA hai| jinakalpika zuddha samyaktva yukta, iMdriya aura kaSAyoM ko jItanevAle, ekAdazAGga zruta ko eka akSara kI taraha jAnanevAle hote haiM / paira meM lagA kAMTA aura A~khoM meM girI huI raja ko ve svayaM nahIM dUra karate, dUsaroM ke dUra karane para ve mauna rahate haiM / ve prathama saMhanana(vajraRSabhanArAca)vAle aura nirantara maunI hote haiM / parvata kI guphAoM meM, jaGgaloM meM athavA nadI ke taTa para rahate haiM / varSAkAla meM mArga jIvAkula hone para cha: mAsa taka ni:spRha aura nirAhAra kAyotsargadhyAna meM khar3e haiM / mokSasAdhana meM ekaniSThAvAle, ratnatraya se zobhita, ni:saMga aura nirantara dharma aura zukla dhyAna meM lIna rahate haiM / ye muni 'jina' kI taraha aniyatavAsI hokara vicarate haiM, isI kAraNa se AcAryoM ne inako 'jinakalpa' isa nAma se kahA hai|

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294 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra sthavirakalpika zvetAmbara jaina AgamoM meM sthavirakalpikoM kA jo varNana milatA hai, use hama do bhAgoM meM bA~TeMge aura unako kramazaH 'sUtrakAlIna' tathA 'bhASyakAlIna' ina nAmoM se pahacAneMge / sUtrakAlIna sthaviroM kA varNana isa prakAra hai__ "jo bhikSu tIna vastra aura eka pAtra ke sAtha rahatA hai, use kabhI caturtha, vastra mA~gane kI icchA nahIM karanI cAhiye / tIna vastra bhI nirdoSa jAnakara mA~gane cAhiye aura jaise mileM vaise hI kAma meM lAne cAhiye / na unheM dhove raMge, na dhule-raMge vastroM ko dhAraNa kare / vihAra meM unheM na chipAkara alpa vastravAn hokara phire / yahI vastradhArI kI sAmagrI hai / jaba vaha yaha samajhe ki zItakAla bIta gayA aura grISmakAla A gayA hai taba yathAjIrNa vastroM ko tyAga de vA kama kara de athavA eka zATaka (Tukar3A) rakha kara bAkI tyAga de athavA bilakula acela bana jAya / isa prakAra karatA huA vaha apane ko halakA banAtA hai aura isase eka prakAra kI tapa:sAdhanA hotI hai / jo bAta bhagavAn ne kahI hai use yathArtha samajhanA cAhiye / "jo bhikSu eka pAtra aura do vastroM ke sAtha rahatA hai use tIsare vastra kI yAcanA nahIM karanI cAhiye / "jo bhikSa eka pAtra aura eka vastra ke sAtha rahatA hai use dUsarA vastra mA~gane kI icchA nahIM karanI cAhiye / "jo bhikSu acelaka hokara rahatA hai yadi vaha yaha samajhe ki maiM tRNasparza, zItasparza, tejaHsparza, daMzamazakasparza aura dUsarA koI bhI bhayaMkara sparza sahana kara sakatA hU~, para lajjA praticchAdana ko nahIM chor3a sakatA to vaha kaTibandhana rakha sakatA hai / acelaka hokara vicarane meM tRNa, zIta, tApa aura daMzamazaka kA sparza athavA koI anya bhayaMkara sparza bhI A par3e to use sahana kare / acelaka meM laghutA samajha kara ukta parISaha sahana kare / "jo bhI do vastroM se, tIna vastroM se, bahuvastroM se athavA acelakatA

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 295 se apanA nibhAva karate haiM ve eka dUsare kI nindA nahIM karate kyoMki ve sabhI jinAjJA meM calate haiM / " aba hama bhASyakAlIna arthAt vikrama kI dUsarI tIsarI sadI ke sthaviroM ke veSa aura upakaraNoM kA varNana kareMge bhASyakAla meM sthaviroM ke upakaraNoM meM kucha vRddhi ho gaI thI / yadyapi tIna vastra, kaTibandha aura eka pAtra rakhane kI rIti pahale se hI calI AtI thI para usameM khAsa parivartana yaha huA thA ki pahale jo kaTibandha nAmaka eka choTA cithar3A kamara para lapeTA jAtA thA aura jisake donoM aMcala guhya bhAga DhA~kane ke nimitta Age kI tarapha laTake rahane ke kAraNa 'agrAvatAra' bhI kahalAtA thA, usakA sthAna aba colapaTTaka ne grahaNa kara liyA thA / pahale prativyakti eka hI pAtra rakkhA jAtA thA para AryarakSitasUri ne varSAkAla meM eka 'mAtraka' nAmaka anya pAtra rakhane kI jo AjJA de dI thI usake phalasvarUpa Age jAkara 'mAtraka' bhI eka avazya dhAraNIya upakaraNa ho gayA / isI taraha jholI meM bhikSA lAne kA rivAja bhI lagabhaga isI samaya cAlU huA jisake kAraNa pAtranimittaka upakaraNoM kI vRddhi huI / pariNAma svarUpa sthaviroM ke kula 14 upakaraNoM kI saMkhyA huI jo isa prakAra hai: 1. pAtra, 2. pAtrabandha, 3. pAtrasthApana, 4. pAtrapramArjanikA, 5. paTala, 6. rajastrANa, 7. gucchaka, 8-9. do sautra vastra (cAdareM ) 10. UnI vastra (kambala), 11. rajoharaNa, 12. mukhavastrikA, 13 mAtraka aura 14. colapaTTaka / yaha upadhi 'audhika' arthAt sAmAnya mAnI gayI aura Age jAkara isameM jo kucha upakaraNa bar3hAye gaye ve ' aupagrahika' kahalAye / aupagrahika upadhi meM saMstAraka, uttarapaTTaka, daMDAsana aura daMDaka ye khAsa ullekhanIya haiM / ye saba upakaraNa Ajakala ke zvetAmbara jaina muni rakhate haiM / digambarAcAryoM kA sthavirakalpa AcArya devasena apane 'bhAvasaMgraha' nAmaka grantha meM likhate hai- "jina ne sAdhuoM ke liye sthavirakalpa bhI kahA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai For Private Personal Use Only

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296 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra paMcavastratyAga, akiMcanatA, pratilekhana, paMca mahAvratoM kA dhAraNa-karanA, khar3e bhojana, eka bAra bhojana, hAtha meM bhojana (vaha bhI samaya para bhaktipUrvaka diyA huA), bhikSA kI yAcanA na karanA, do prakAra ke tapa meM udyama karanA, sadAkAla cha: prakAra kA Avazyaka karanA, bhUmizayana, kezaloca aura jinavara ke jaisA pratirUpa grahaNa karanA / ___"saMhanana ke guNa aura duHSamakAla ke prabhAva se Ajakala sthavirakalpasthita sAdhu pura, nagara aura grAmavAsI ho gaye haiM aura unhoMne vaha upakaraNa bhI grahaNa kiyA hai jisase ki cAritra kA bhaMga na hotA ho / yogya hone para pustakadAna bhI svIkAra karate haiM / samudAya se vihAra, yathAzakti dharmaprabhAvanA, bhavya jIvoM ko dharmopadeza, ziSyoM kA pAlana tathA grahaNa sthavirakalpikoM kA AcAra hai / yadyapi saMhanana tuccha, kAla duHSama aura mana capala hai tathApi dhIra puruSa mahAvratoM kA bhAra uThAne meM utsAhavAn haiM / / "pUrvakAla meM usa zarIra se hajAra varSa meM jitane karmoM kA nAza karate the, Ajakala ke hInasaMhananI eka varSa meM utane karmoM kI nirjarA karate haiM / aba hama mahAvIra ke zAsana meM 'zvetAmbara' aura 'digambara' nAmaka do zAkhAeM nikalane ke kAraNa para vicAra kareMge / matabheda kA aGkura kucha yuropIya aura bhAratavarSIya vidvAnoM kA yaha khyAla hai ki mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda turanta hI unake ziSyoM meM do vibhAga ho gaye the / para vAstava meM yaha bAta nahIM hai / jina bauddha ullekhoM ke AdhAra para ve aisA khyAla karate haiM ve ullekha vastutaH mahAvIra kI jIvita avasthA meM unake ziSya jamAli dvArA khar3e kiye gaye matabheda ke sUcaka haiM / yaha bAta hama ne 'vIranirvANa saMvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA' nAmaka pustaka meM pramANapUrvaka samajhA dI hai| jahA~ taka hama samajhate haiM isa matabheda kA bIja 'AcArAGgasUtra' kA vaha ullekha hai ki jisameM sAdhu ko acelaka rahane meM lAbha batAyA hai / mahAvIra nirvANa ke bAda cauMsaTha varSa taka unake ziSyoM meM sthavirakalpika aura jinakalpika donoM taraha ke sAdhu rahe, para bAda meM

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 297 jinakalpa kA AcaraNa baMda par3a gayA aura lagabhaga Der3ha sau varSa taka usakI kacha bhI carcA nahIM huI / sthavirakalpa meM rahanevAle sAdhu yadyapi nagnaprAya rahate the, tathApi zItanivAraNArtha kucha vastra aura eka pAtra avazya rakhate the / yaha sthiti bhadrabAhu ke paTTadhara Arya sthUlabhadra taka barAbara calatI rahI / Arya sthUlabhadra ke ziSyoM meM se saba se bar3e Arya mahAgari ne pichale samaya meM apanA sAdhugaNa Arya suhastI ko sauMpa diyA aura Apa vastrapAtra kA tyAga kara jinakalpika sAdhuoM kA sA AcAra pAlane lage / yadyapi ve svayaM jinakalpika hone kA dAvA nahIM karate the tathApi unakA jhukAva vastutaH jinakalpa kI hI tarapha thA / usa samaya ke saba se bar3e zrutadhara hone ke kAraNa Arya mahAgiri ke isa AcaraNa kA kisI ne virodha nahIM kiyA, balki jinakalpa kI tulanA karanevAle kahakara unake satIrthya Arya suhastI jaise yugapradhAna ne unakI prazaMsA kI, para Age jAte yaha prazaMsA maha~gI par3I / Arya mahAgiri to vIranirvANa saMvat 261 meM svargavAsI ho gaye, para unhoMne jo jinakalpa kA anukaraNa kiyA thA usakI pravRtti baMda nahIM huI / unake katipaya ziSyoM ne bhI unakA anukaraNa kiyA / pariNAmasvarUpa Arya mahAgiri aura suhastI sUri ke ziSya gaNa meM antara aura manamuTava bar3hane lagA aura anta meM khullamakhullA nagnacaryA aura karapAtravRtti kA virodha hone lagA / mahAgiri kI paramparAvAle AcArAGga ke acelakatva pratipAdaka usa ullekha se apanI pravRtti kA samarthana karate the, taba virodha pakSa vAle usa ullekha kA artha jinakalpikoM kA AcAra honA batAte the aura sthaviroM ke liye vaisA karanA niSiddha samajhate the / ve kahate the ki "bilakula vastra na rakhanA aura hAtha meM bhojana karanA jinakalpikoM kA AcAra hai, sthavirakalpikoM ko usakI tulanA bhI nahIM karanI cAhiye, kyoMki jaba isa samaya uttama saMhanana na hone se jinakalpa pAlA hI nahIM jAtA to usakA svAMga karane se kyA lAbha ?' isa prakAra donoM kI tanAtanI bar3hatI jAtI thI / sambhavataH Arya mahAgiri kA ziSya rohagupta aura praziSya Arya gaMga bhI bAda meM jinakalpika pakSa meM mila gaye the jo ki tIna rAziyoM ke aura do kriyAoM ke anubhava kI prarUpaNA karane ke aparAdha meM saMgha se bahiSkRta

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298 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kiye gaye the / yadyapi rohagupta, gAMgeya vagairaha ke mila jAne ke kAraNa vaha pakSa kucha samaya ke liye vizeSa AgrahI bana gayA thA, para anta meM vaha nirbala ho gayA / Arya mahAgiri ke ziSyapraziSyoM ke svargavAsa ke bAda do tIna pIr3hI taka cala kara vaha nAmazeSa raha gayA / isa prakAra AcArAGga ke eka ullekharUpa bIja se sacelakatAacelakatA ke matabheda kA aMkura utpanna huA aura kucha samaya ke bAda murajhA gayA / yadyapi isa tanAtanI kA asara sthAyI nahIM rahA, tathApi itanA jarUra huA ki pichale AcAryoM ke mana meM Arya mahAgiri ke ziSyoM ke saMbaMdha meM vaha zraddhA nahIM rahI jo vaise zrutadharoM ke Upara rahanI cAhiye thI / yahI kAraNa hai ki vAlabhI yugapradhAna paTTAvalI meM Aja hama mahAgiri ke ziSya balissaha aura svAti jaise bahuzrutoM kA nAma nahIM pAte / udhara Arya suhastI kI sthaviraparamparA pratidina vyavasthita aura prabala ho rahI thI aura Arya vajra taka isI prakAra unnati karatI rahI, para Arya vajra ke samaya meM do bAra par3e hue dIrghakAlIna dubhikSoM ke kAraNa jaina zramaNasaMgha bahuta chinna-bhinna ho gayA / vajra prabhRti saikar3oM sthavira duSkAla ke kAraNa anazana karake paraloka sidhAra gaye / zeSa jo bace the ve bhI eka dUsare se bahuta dUra cale gaye the / yadyapi vajra ke bAda AryarakSita, jo ki sarvasammati se saMghasthavira niyata hue the, aMtataka saMghasthavira rahe, para AryarakSita ke svargavAsa ke bAda sthaviroM meM do dala ho gaye / jo zramaNagaNa duSkAla ke kAraNa pUrva evaM uttara meM dUra taka cale gaye the unhoMne AryarakSita ke bAda Arya nandila ko apanA nayA saMgha-sthavira niyata kara liyA / jo zramaNagaNa dakSiNa, pazcima aura madhyabhArata meM vicarate the unhoMne AryarakSita ke bAda unake ziSya puSyamitra ko saMgha-sthavira mAnA jo AryarakSita ke uttarAdhikArI the / isa prakAra vikrama kI dUsarI sadI meM zramaNa saMgha kI yadyapi do zAkhAyeM ho gaI thIM tathApi unake AcAramArga meM kucha bhI zithilatA nahIM Ane pAI thI / sabhI zramaNagaNa AcArAGgasUtra ke anusAra eka-eka pAtra aura mAtra zItakAla meM or3hane ke liye eka, do yA tIna vastra rakhate the / colapaTTaka kA abhI taka pracAra nahIM huA thA, para kaTibandha (aggoyara

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 299 agrAvatAra) kA lagabhaga sArvatrika pracAra ho gayA thA / yadyapi bastI ke bAhara use koI rakhatA aura koI bilakula nagna rahatA para bastI meM jAte samaya sabhIko usakA upayoga karanA par3atA thA / zItanivAraNArtha jo eka kambala aura eka do sUtI vastra rakkhe jAte the ve bhI ThaMDI ke samaya meM hI or3he jAte the, zeSa kAla meM or3hane kI pravRtti nahIM thii| AryarakSita ke svargavAsa ke bAda dhIre-dhIre sAdhuoM kA nivAsa bastiyoM meM hone lagA aura isake sAtha hI nagnatA kA bhI anta hotA gayA / pahale bastI meM jAte samaya bahudhA jisa kaTibandha kA upayoga hotA thA vaha bastI meM basane ke bAda nirantara hone lagA / dhIre-dhIre kaTivastra kA bhI AkAra-prakAra badalatA gayA / pahale mAtra zarIra kA agalA guhya aMga hI r3hakane kA vizeSa khyAla rahatA thA, para bAda meM sampUrNa nagnatA DhAMka lene kI jarUrata samajhI gayI aura usake liye vastra kA AkAra prakAra bhI kucha badalanA par3A / phalataH usakA nAma 'kaTibandha miTakara colapaTTaka (cullapaTTa-choTA vastra) par3A / isa prakAra sthavirakalpiyoM meM jo pahale aicchika nagnatA kA pracAra thA usakA dhIre dhIre anta ho gayA / Arya mahAgiri ke samaya se jinakalpa kI tulanA ke nAma se katipaya sAdhuoM ne jo nagna rahane kI paramparA cAlU kI thI vaha usa samaya ke bahuta pahale hI baMda ho cukI thI / AcArAGga ke usa acelakatA pratipAdaka ullekha ko jinakalpa-pratipAdaka karAra diyA jA cukA thA aura usa samaya ke granthakAra colapaTTaka kI gaNanA sthavirakalpiyoM ke mUla upakaraNoM meM kara cuke the / matabhedAGkura kI navapallavatA sthavirakalpa kI jisa paristhiti kA Upara ullekha kiyA gayA hai usI paristhiti meM mathurA ke nikaTastha 'rahavIra'' nAmaka gA~va meM raha kara Arya kRSNa 1. 'rahavIra' gA~va kahA~ thA, isakA zvetAmbara granthoM meM kucha bhI khulAsA nahIM hai, tathApi use hamane mathurA ke nikaTa batAyA hai / isake do kAraNa haiM (1) mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle meM se jaina zvetAmbara paramparA ke AcArya Arya 'kaNha' kI eka argha nagna mUrti nikalI hai jo prAya: vikrama kI dvitIya zatAbdI ke prArambha

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300 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ziSya zivabhUti ne phira jinakalpa kI carcA khar3I kI aura svayaM jinakalpI banakara cirakAla se murajhAye hue jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa ke matabheda ke aGkara ko navapallavita kiyA / / pAThakoM ke jJAnArtha hama AvazyakamUlabhASya aura usakI cUrNi meM kahA huA zivabhUti kA vRttAnta jyoM kA tyoM yahA~ likha dete haiM tAki isa viSaya meM zvetAmbaroM kI maulika mAnyatA jAnI jA sake / "mahAvIra ko siddha hue cha: sau nau varSa vyatIta hue taba rathavIrapura meM boTikoM kA darzana utpanna huA / rathavIrapura nagara thA / vahA~ 'dIpaka' nAma kA udyAna thA / Arya kRSNa nAma ke AcArya vahA~ padhAre / "vahA~ sahasramalla zivabhUti nAmaka eka AdamI rahatA thA / eka samaya usakI strI ne apanI sAsa se zikAyata karate hue kahA-'ve nitya AdhI rAta ke samaya Ate haiM, taba taka maiM jAgatI huI bhUkhI baiThI rahatI hU~ / sAsa ne kahA-Aja dvAra baMda kara so jA, maiM jAnU~gI / vaha so gaI / AdhI rAta ke samaya usane dvAra khaTakhaTAyA / taba mAtA ne phaTakAra kara kahA-isa samaya jahA~ khule dvAra dikhAI de vahA~ calA jA / vaha lauTa gayA aura talAza karane para sAdhuoM kA upAzraya khulA pAyA / usane sAdhuoM ko vandana karake kahA-~~-mujhe pravrajyA dIjiye / para sAdhuoM ne usakI prArthanA svIkAra nahIM kI / usane svayaM apanA loca kara diyA, taba use sAdhu kA veSa diyA gayA aura usake sAtha sAdhu vahA~ se cale gaye / meM nirmita huI thii| tathA mathurA ke AsapAsa aura usake pazcima pradeza meM bahuta pUrvakAla meM 'kRSNa gaccha' athavA 'kRSNarSi gaccha' nAma se prasiddha zvetAmbarAmnAya kA eka prAcIna gaccha bhI pracalita haA thA jo vikrama kI pandrahavIM sadI taka calatA rahA / kAlasAmya kA vicAra karane para hama samajhate haiM ki ye mUrtivAle aura gaccha ke AdipuruSa ve hI Arya kRSNa hoMge jinake ziSya zivabhUti ne jinakalpa kA svIkAra kiyA thA / (2) digambarAcAryoM ne niyamapUrvaka zaurasenI bhASA kA saba se adhika Adara kiyA hai jo ki mathurA ke AsapAsa kI prAcIna kAla kI bhASA hai / isase bhI hamAre anumAna kA samarthana hotA hai ki digambara zAkhA kA mUla udbhavasthAna vahI zUrasena deza hai jisakI rAjadhAnI mathurA thii|

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 301 "kAlAntara meM sAdhu phira vahA~ Aye / rAjA ne zivabhUti ko eka bahumUlya kambala diyA / AcArya ne kahA--sAdhuoM ko isakI kyA jarUrata hai ? tU ne yaha kyoM liyA ? yaha kahakara bagaira pUche hI kaMbala ko phAr3a kara usakI niSadyAyeM (nizIthiyeM) kara dI / isase zivabhUti bahuta nArAja huA / "eka dina jinakalpika sAdhuoM kA varNana ho rahA thA ki jinakalpika do prakAra ke hote haiM--pANipAtra aura pAtradhArI / isa samaya zivabhUti ne pUchA-Ajakala itanI upadhi kyoM rakhI jAtI hai ? jinakalpa kyoM nahIM kiyA jAtA ? AcArya ne kahA nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / isa samaya usakA viccheda ho gayA hai / zivabhUti bolA-viccheda kaise ho jAya ? maiM karatA huuN| paralokArthI ko yahI karanA cAhiye / upadhi-parigraha kyoM rakhanA cAhiye ? parigraha meM kaSAya, mUrchA, bhaya Adi bahuta doSa haiM / zAstra meM bhI aparigrahatva hI kahA hai / jinezvara bhagavAn bhI acelaka hI the / isaliye acelakatA hI acchI hai / guru ne kahA-taba to zarIra kA bhI tyAga kara denA cAhiye, kyoMki kisI ko isapara bhI kaSAya mUrchAdi ho jAte haiM / zAstra meM aparigrahatva kahA hai, para usakA tAtparya itanA hI hai ki sAdhu ko dharmopakaraNa para bhI mUrchA nahIM karanI cAhiye / jina bhI ekAnta acelaka nahIM the / zAstra meM kahA hai ki sabhI jinavara eka devadUSya ke sAtha dIkSita hue the| isa prakAra sthaviroM ne zivabhUti ko samajhAyA, para karmodaya ke vaza vaha vastroM ko chor3a kara calA gayA / uttarA nAmakI usakI eka bahana thI / vaha udyAna sthita zivabhUti ke vaMdanArtha gayI aura usako dekhakara usane bhI apane vastra chor3a diye / vaha bhikSArtha gA~va meM gaI / use dekhakara eka gaNikA ne, yaha socakara ki ise dekhakara loga hama se bhI virakta ho jAyaMge usake urapradeza para eka vastra bAMdha diyA / yadyapi usakI icchA vastra rakhane kI nahIM thI, para zivabhUti ne kahA--'rahane de, yaha tujhe devatA ne diyA hai / ' "usane koMDakuNDa' aura vIra nAmaka do ziSya kiye aura taba se 1. bhASya kA pATha "koDinakoTTavIrA" hai jisakA cUrNikAra ne 'koDina' aura 'koTTavIra' isa prakAra padaccheda kiyA hai aura inheM zivabhUti kA ziSya likhA hai, parantu hamAre vicAra meM 'koDinakoTTa' yaha koNDakuNDa kA apabhraMza hai aura 'vIra' yaha vIranandI vIrasena

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302 zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ziSya paramparA calI / "boTika zivabhUti aura uttarA ne apanI tarka buddhi se rathavIrapura meM isa mithyAdarzana ko utpanna kiyA hai / ___ "boTika zivabhUti se boDiyaliGga kI utpatti huI aura koDinakoTTavIra paramparAsparzaka utpanna hue / " digambara sampradAya kA utpatti viSayaka zvetAmbara granthoM meM yahI maulika vRttAnta hai / bAda ke granthakAroM ne jo kucha bhI isa viSaya meM likhA hai saba isI vRttAnta ke AdhAra para likhA gayA hai / paJcakalpacUrNi meM zivabhUti kA nAma 'caNDakarNa' batAyA hai aura vahA~ isake pitA ke sambandha meM bhI kucha vRttAnta likhA hai / pAThakoM ke avalokanArtha hama use bhI yahA~ likhe dete haiM / "rAjA kA eka zIrSarakSaka (aGgarakSaka-eDIkAMga) thA / vaha sAdhuoM ke pAsa dharma suna kara zrAvaka ho gayA / usakI vahI AjIvakA thI isaliye usa talavAra ko chor3a kASTha kI talavAra rakhatA / usake mitra ne rAjA se kaha diyA ki vaha kASTha kI talavAra rakhatA hai / rAjA ne use talavAra dikhAne ko kahA / isa para zrAvaka ne samyagdRSTi devatA kA smaraNa-namaskAra karake talavAra khIMcI aura myAna se lohe kI talavAra nikalI / rAjA ne usa puruSa kI tarapha dekhA to vaha sakucA gayA, taba zrAvaka ne rAjA ke pairoM meM par3akara satya bAta kaha dii| usake caMDakarNa nAmA putra thA jisane dIkSA lekara boTikoM ko utpanna kiyA / " zvetAmbarAcAryoM ke likhe hue zivabhUti ke vRttAnta ke akSarazaH satya hone kA bhale hI hama dAvA na kareM, tathApi unake pitA kA rAjA kA aMgarakSaka yA isase milate julate nAmavAle AcArya kA nAma hai / bhASya meM inheM zivabhUti kA ziSya nahIM likhA kintu 'paramparAsparzaka' (bhASya ke zabda-paraMparAphAsamuppaNNA) likhA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki ye zivabhUti ke dIkSA-ziSya nahIM, paramparA ziSya the / adhika prasiddha hone ke kAraNa yA digambara zAkhA meM mahattvapUrNa kAryakara hone ke kAraNa bhASyakAra ne zivabhUti ke anantara inakA nAmollekha kiyA hai /

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 303 honA, unakI sahasramalla aura caNDakarNa jaisI upAdhiyA~ aura dIkSA lene ke bAda rAjA kI tarapha se amUlya kambala kI bheMTa ityAdi aisI bAteM haiM ki zivabhUti ke rAjakarmacArI hone aura kuTumba ke apamAna se ghara chor3a cala nikalane kI bAta ko satya mAnane meM kucha bhI sandeha nahIM rahatA / sAtha hI aise rAjamAnya manuSya ko rAjA kI tarapha se milI huI bheMTa ke sambandha meM guru kA upAlambha aura usa cIja kA nAza kara denA, yaha bhI avazya apamAnajanaka ghaTanA hai / isa ghaTanA se uttejita zivabhUti kA guru se viruddha honA, aura vaha bhI vastra ke hI sambandha meM, bilakula svAbhAvika hai / zivabhUti ne Arya kRSNa se upadhi na rakhane ke sambandha meM jo dalIleM kI haiM unakA sAra itanA hI hai ki upadhi kaSAya, mUrchA aura bhaya ityAdi kA kAraNa hai / unhoMne yaha nahIM kahA ki upadhi rakhane se mukti hI nahI hotI / isake viparIta ve AryA uttarA ko vastra rakhane kI sammati dete haiM, kyoMki sAdhu ko acelaka hone ke viSaya meM to zAstra kA AdhAra thA para strI ko vaisA karane ke sambandha meM kalpAdhyayana kI spaSTa niSedhAjJA thI / zivabhUti isa bAta se anabhijJa hoM yaha saMbhava nahIM thA aura isilIye unhoMne uttarA ko acelaka na hone kI AjJA dI thI / isa viSaya meM gaNikA dvArA use vastra dene kI jo bAta kahI gayI hai, saMbhava hai vaha dveSa kA pariNAma mAtra ho / ___yadyapi zivabhUti ne vastra-pAtra na rakhane kA utkRSTa jina kalpa svIkArA thA tathApi Age jAkara unheM anubhava huA ki isa prakAra kA utkRSTa mArga adhika samaya taka calanA kaThina hai| ataeva unhoMne sAdhuoM ke ApavAdika liGga kA bhI svIkAra kiyA / pAThakagaNa hamArI isa bAta ko korI kalpanA na samajheM, kyoMki isI sampradAya ke prAcIna granthoM se yaha bAta pramANita hotI hai / digambara sampradAya ke dhurandhara AcArya Aryaziva jo ki svayaM hastabhojI the apane 'bhagavatIArAdhanA' grantha meM likhate haiM-"jo autsargika liGga meM rahanevAlA ho usake lie to vaha hai ho, para ApavAdika liGgavAle

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304 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ko bhI saMthArA lene ke samaya autsagika liGga (nagnatA) dhAraNa karanA zreSTha hai| "jisako vihAracaryA meM mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika doSa nizcitarUpa se lage hoM vaha bhI saMstAraka ke samaya autsargika liGga dhAraNa kara le / " saMstAraka ke samaya kAraNa se vizeSa ApavAdika liGga bhI raha sakatA hai / isake sambandha meM ve kahate haiM- "yadi sthAna yogya na ho, saMstAraka lenevAlA mahaddhika yA lajjAzIla ho, mleccha logoM kI bastI ho, svajana vahA~ vidyamAna hoM to ApavAdika liGga bhI raha sakatA hai|" "strI bhI parimita upadhi rakhatI huI unake liye jo autsargika aura ApavAdika liGga kahA hai usameM rahe / " yahA~ para yaha bhI batA denA cAhiye ki Arya ziva acelakatA, kezaloca, vyutsRSTazarIratA aura pratilekhana ina cAra bAtoM ko autsargika liGga kahate haiM / ApavAdika liGga meM kina kina bAtoM kI chUTa hotI thI, isakA yadyapi unhoMne khulAsA nahIM kiyA tathApi mahaddhika aura lajjAzIla ko ApavAdika liGga kI chUTa dene se yaha bAta svayaM siddha ho jAtI hai ki isa ApavAdika liGga meM vastra kI chUTa avazya hotI thI / strI ko paritta upadhi 1. darzanasAra kI caubIsavIM gAthA kI TIkA meM digambarAcArya zrI zrutasAgarasUri ne bhI ApavAdika liGga meM vastrAdi rakhanA hI svIkAra kiyA hai "sahajuppaNNaM rUvaM, daTuM jo maNNae Na macchario / so saMjamapaDivaNNo, micchAdiTThI havai eso // 24 // " "TIkA-micchAdiTThI havai eso-mithyAdRSTirbhavatyeSaH / apavAdaveSaM dharanapi mithyAdRSTitivya ityarthaH / ko'pavAda veSaH ? kalau kila mlecchAdayo nagnaM dRSTvopadravaM yatInAM kurvanti tena maNDapadurge zrIvasantakIrtinA svAminA caryAdivelAyAM taTTIsAdarAdikena zarIramAcchAdya caryAdikaM kRtvA punastanmuJcatItyupadezaH kRtaH / saMyaminAM ityapavAdaveSaH / tathA nRpAdivargotpannaH paramavairAgyavAn liMgazuddhirahitaH utpannAmehanapuTadoSaH lajjAvAn vA zItAdyasahiSNurvA tathA karoti so'pyapavAdaliMgaH procyate / utsargaveSastu nagna eveti jJAtavyam / sAmAnyokto vidhirutsargaH / vizeSokto vidhirapavAda iti paribhASaNAt / "

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 305 ke uparAnta autsagika athavA ApavAdika liGga rakhane kI AjJA se yaha bhI siddha hai ki pahale digambara sampradAyavAle dhArmika yogyatA ke nAte strI aura puruSoM meM kucha bhI antara nahIM mAnate the / yadyapi strI ko sarvathA nagna rahane kA niSedha thA tathApi unakI Atmonnati kI yogyatA puruSoM se hIna nahIM mAnI gaI thI jaisA ki pichale AcAryoM ne mAnA hai / pichale AcAryoM ne striyoM meM paMcama guNasthAnaka se Age bar3hane kI yogyatA hI nahIM mAnI, phira vaha cAhe mAsa-mAsa ke upavAsa karanevAlI aura cAritra pAlanevAlI AryA (sAdhvI) hI kyoM na ho / pichale digambara granthakAroM ke mata se vaha utanI hI Atmonnati karegI jitanI ki eka dezavirati gRhastha zrAvaka kara sakatA hai, parantu hama samajha sakate haiM ki bhagavatI-ArAdhanAkAra AcArya ziva AryA aura sAdhu kI yogyatA meM koI antara nahIM samajhate the| yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne AryAoM ke maraNa ko 'bAla-paNDita-maraNa' na mAnakara 'paNDita-maraNa' mAnA hai / yadyapi prAcIna digambarAcAryakRta granthoM meM zramaNa aura AryAoM kI upadhi meM kyA kyA upakaraNa rahate the, isakA kucha nirNaya nahIM dekhA jAtA, tathApi ukta ApavAdika liGga ke vidhAna se aura isI grantha ke katipaya anya lekhoM se yaha nizcita hai ki ve vastra aura pAtra rakhate avazya the, para isa pravRtti ko ve 'utsarga mArga' na kaha kara 'apavAda mArga' kahate the / pAThakoM ke vilokanArtha hama una ullekhoM ko yahA~ uddhRta kareMge jinase ki digambara sampradAya meM bhI sAdhuoM ke liye pAtroM kA rakhanA anivArya ThaharatA hai / sAdhu dvArA kiye jAnevAle kAyika vinaya kA varNana karate hue zivArya (darzanaprAbhRta TIkA pR0 21) uparyukta TIkA ke pATha meM zrutasAgara sUri ne do bAteM kahI haiM / pahalI yaha ki pichale samaya meM digambara bhaTTArakoM meM jo vastra pahanane kI pravRtti calI usakA Arambha mAMDavagar3ha me bhaTTAraka vasantakoti se huA thA / dUsarI bAta TIkAkAra ne yaha kahI ki rAjAdivarga kA manuSya vairAgyazIla ho, jo liMgazuddhi rahita ho, jisakI puruSendriya vikRta ho athavA jo lajjAzIla ho yA ThaMDI Adi sahana karane meM asamartha ho vaha vaisA kara sakatA hai, arthAt apavAda liMga rUpa TATa, (caTAI) vastra Adi se apanI lajjA aura zIta dUra kara sakatA hai / zramaNa-20

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306 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiM-'Asana denA, upakaraNa denA, ucita zarIra kA sparza karanA (vizrAma ke liye pagacaMpI vagairaha karanA), samayocita kArya karanA, bhojana lAnA, saMthArA karanA, upakaraNoM kI pratilekhanA karanA ityAdi zarIra se sAdhuvarga kA jo upakAra kiyA jAtA hai vaha 'kAyika vinaya hai / ' bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI 310vI gAthA meM to spaSTa rUpa se AhAra auSadhAdi dvArA sAdhu anya sAdhu kA vaiyAvRttya kare aisA vidhAna kiyA hai / pAThakagaNa ke vilokanArtha hama usa mUla gAthA ko hI yahA~ uddhRta kara dete haiM "sejjAgAsaNisejjA-uvadhipaDilehaNA uvagAhide / AhArosahavAyaNa-vikiMcaNuvvattaNAdIyA // " 310 // arthAt nivAsasthAna, Asana, upadhi aura aupagrahika upakaraNoM kI pratilekhanA karanA; AhAra, auSadha, vAcanA denA, malamUtra Adi ko bAhara paraThanA (pheMkanA), zarIra mardana Adi karanA vaiyAvRttya (sevAbandagI) kahalAtA hai / yahI gAthA kucha parivartana ke sAtha vaTTakerasvAmI ke mUlAcAra grantha meM paJcAcArAdhikAra meM bhI AtI hai, jahA~ usake TIkAkAra AcArya vasunandI likhate haiM-"AhAreNa-bhikSAcaryayA, auSadhena-zuMThipippalyAdikena, zAstravyAkhyAnena, cyutamalanirharaNena, vandanayA ca, zayyAvakAzena, niSadyopadhinA, pratilekhanena ca pUrvoktAnAmupakAraH kartavyaH / etaiste pratigRhItA AtmIkRtA bhavantIti / " (mUlAcAra pR0 308) usI bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI gAthA 665-668 meM saMlekhanA karanevAle sAdhu kI sevA saMbaMdhI vyavasthA batAte hue zivArya kahate haiM-"labdhivAn aura sarala prakRtika cAra muni usake yogya nirdoSa AhAra lAveM tathA cAra vaisA hI nirdoSa pAnI lAveM, cAra muni kSapaka ke liye prastuta kiye hue AhArapAnI ke dravyoM kI sAvadhAnI se rakSA kareM aura cAra vaiyAvRttya kara muni kSapaka ke malamUtra Adi ko paraThe (bAhara le jAkara chor3eM) aura samaya para upadhi, zayyA saMthAra Adi kI pratilekhanA kareM / "

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307 jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa isI grantha kI gAthA 692 meM granthakAra kahate haiM-'tela aura kasaile dravya se kSapaka ko bAra bAra kulle karAne cAhie tAki usakI jIbha aura kAna balavAn aura mukha tejasvI ho / ' ye hI granthakAra gAthA 702 aura 703 meM kahate haiM-"yadi kSapaka kI icchA ho to usakI samAdhi ke liye saba prakAra kA AhAra lAkara use khilAnA cAhie aura phira eka eka kama karate hue pahale ke AhAra para le AnA aura kramazaH bhojana kA tyAga karavA kara use pAnI para le AnA cAhiye" / mUlAcAra ke samAcArAdhikAra kI "gacche vejjAvaccaM" isa 174vIM gAthAgata 'vejjAvacca' zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue vasunandI zramaNAcArya likhate haiM-"vejjAvaccaM-vaiyAvRttyaM kAyikavyApArAhArAdibhirupagrahaNam / " arthAt vaiyAvRttya kA artha zArIrika pravRtti aura AhAra Adi se upakAra karanA hai / AcArya vaTTakera mUlAcAra ke samayasArAdhikAra kI 61vIM gAthA meM kahate haiM-'sAdhuoM ko sAdhviyoM ke upAzraya meM ThaharanA, baiThanA, sonA, par3hanA aura AhAra nIhAra karanA (bhojana karanA aura TaTTI jAnA) nahIM cAhiye / priya pAThakagaNa ! jo AcArya guNAdhika upAdhyAya, tapasvI, ziSya, durbala, samanojJa, gaNa, kula aura saMgha kA AhAra auSadhAdi se vinaya vaiyAvRtya karane kI sAdhuoM ko AjJA karate the, kSapaka ke liye cAracAra sAdhuoM ko AhAra pAnI lAne aura malamUtra ko dUra tyAgane ke liye niyata karane kA vidhAna karate the, usako saba prakAra kA bhojana lAkara dene aura tela Adi ke kulle karAne kI salAha dete the aura jo AcArya sAdhuoM ke lie sAdhviyoM ke sthAna meM AhAra pAnI karane kA niSedha karate the kyA unake sambandha meM bhI yaha kaha sakate haiM ki ve pAtra rakhane ke virodhI the ? hama jAnate haiM ki ve svayaM hAthoM meM bhojana karanevAle the tathApi sAdhuoM ko Upara mujaba upadeza dete the / isakA artha yahI hai ki unake samaya meM apavAdamArga se vastra-pAtra rakkhe jAte the /

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra yadi aisA na hotA to ina pAtrasAdhya kAryoM ke vidhAna kA kucha artha hI nahIM hotA aura 'gRhastha ke hI ghara meM sAdhu bhojana kare' aisA pahale ekAnta niyama hotA to sAdhvI ke upAzraya meM AhAra karane ke niSedha kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM par3atI / pariNAma 308 Upara kahA gayA hai ki zivabhUti ne prArambha meM apane AcaraNa se jinakalpa kA punaruddhAra karane kA nizcaya kiyA thA, para Age jAne para unheM anubhava ne sikhAyA ki vartamAna samaya meM jinakalpa ko calAnA AsAna nahIM hai / eka vyakti kaisA bhI AcaraNa kara sakatA hai para vaise hI AcaraNavAloM kI paramparA jArI rakhanA sarala nahIM / pariNAmasvarUpa apane mArga ko unhoMne AcArAGgokta mUla sthaviramArga meM parigaNita kiyA aura isa utsargamArga ko na pAla sake unake liye usI sUtra ke anusAra kucha vastra - pAtra rakhane kI vyavasthAvAlA apavAda mArga bhI niyata kiyA / yadyapi zivabhUti ke sampradAya kA udbhava uttarApatha meM huA thA para vahA~ usakA adhika pracAra nahIM ho sakA / kAraNa spaSTa hai / prAcIna sthavirasaMgha kA una dinoM vahA~ pUrNa prAbalya phailA huA thA aura mathurA ke AsapAsa ke 96 gA~voM meM to jaina dharma rAjadharma ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA thA / isa sthiti meM zivabhUti yA unake anuyAyiyoM kA vahA~ TikanA bahuta kaThina thA / isa kaThinAI ke kAraNa usa sampradAya ne udhara se haTakara dakSiNApatha kI tarapha prayANa kiyA, jahA~ AjIvaka saMpradAya ke pracAra ke kAraNa pahale hI nagna sAdhuoM kI tarapha jana - sAdhAraNa kA sadbhAva thA / vahA~ jAne para isa sampradAya kI bhI acchI kadara huI aura dhIre-dhIre vaha pagabhara ho gayA / yadyapi sampradAyavAloM ne apane saMpradAya kA nAma 'mUlasaMgha' rakkhA thA, para dakSiNa meM jAne ke bAda ve 'yApanIya' aura 'khamaNa' ina nAmoM se adhika prasiddha hue / prAcIna sthavira paramparA meM pratidina zaithilya ke bhAva bar3ha rahe the / bastI meM rahanA to unhoMne pahale hI zurU kara liyA thA, aba dhIre-dhIre unameM cAritramArga kI anya zithilatAe~ bhI praveza kara rahI thIM / yadyapi suvihita For Private Personal Use Only

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 309 gItArtha vyavasthA banAye rakhane ke liye bahuta kucha prayatna kara rahe the, zithilAcAriyoM kA 'pAsatthA' Adi nAmoM se paricaya de unake cepa se bacane ke liye ve sAdhuoM ko upadeza de rahe the, phira bhI nimnagAmI zaithilya - pravAha rokA nahIM jA sakA / vikrama kI pA~cavIM aura chaThI sadI taka 'pAsatthA' Adi nAmoM se pahacAne jAnevAle zithilAcAriyoM ke gA~va gA~va meM aDDe jamane lage aura ugravihArI suvihitoM kI saMkhyA kama hone lagI / isa sthiti se navIna sthavira (digambara) paramparA ne paryApta lAbha uThAyA / parimita vastra - pAtra kI chUTa ke kAraNa unake yahA~ sAdhuoM kI saMkhyA khUba bar3hatI gaI aura prAcInakAlIna nagnatAdi utkRSTa kriyAoM ke kAraNa gRhasthavarga bhI pratidina unakI tarapha jhukatA gayA / pariNAma yaha huA ki vikrama kI pA~cavIM sadI ke AsapAsa jAkara isa paramparA ne apanA svatantra saMgha sthApita kara diyA aura prAcIna sthaviraparamparA ke pUrva nAma 'mUlasaMgha' ko apane liye vyavahRta kiyA / yadyapi yaha nayA 'mUlasaMgha' tabataka unhIM jaina AgamoM se apanA kAma calAtA thA, tathApi mahAvIra kA garbhApahAra, unakA vivAha Adi aneka bAteM vaha nahIM bhI mAnatA thA aura isa kAraNa vaha dhIre-dhIre apanA nayA sAhitya nirmANa kiye jAtA thA / prAcIna sthavira paramparA ke adhika sAdhuoM ke zithilva aura nityavAsI ho jAne para bhI usameM tyAgI suvihita zrutadharoM kI bhI kamI na thI / navIna paramparA kI utkRSTatA athavA unnati ke kAraNa nahIM, para usake naye vicAra aura katipaya siddhAntabheda ke kAraNa unhoMne isakA phira prativAda karanA zurU kiyA aura pariNAmasvarUpa donoM paramparAvAloM meM tanAtanI bar3hane lagI / chaThI sadI ke vidvAn AcArya kundakunda', devanandI vagairaha ne prAcIna 1. AcArya kundakunda kA samaya hamane vikrama kI chaThI sadI mAnA hai / isake aneka kAraNa haiM, jinameM se kucha nIce diye jAte haiM-- (1) kundakundAcArya kRta paJcAstikAya kI TIkA meM jayasenAcArya likhate haiM ki yaha grantha kundakundAcArya ne zivakumAra mahArAja ke pratibodha ke liye racA thaa| DaoN0 pAThaka ke vicAra se yaha zivakumAra hI kadambavaMzI zivamRgeza the jo saMbhavata: vikrama kI chaThI For Private Personal Use Only

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310 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra zatAbdI ke vyakti the / ataeva inake samakAlIna kundakunda bhI chaThI sadI ke hI vyakti ho sakate haiM / (2) prasiddha digambara jaina vidvAn paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI ne niyamasAra kI eka gAthA khoja nikalI hai, jisameM AcArya kundakunda ne 'lokavibhAga' paramAgama kA ullekha kiyA hai / yaha 'lokavibhAga' graMtha saMbhavataH sarvanandI AcArya kI kRti hai, jo ki vi0 saM0 512 meM racI gayI thI / isase bhI kundakunda chaThI sadI ke granthakAra pratIta hote haiN| uparyukta do kAraNoM ke atirikta kundakunda ke granthoM meM aneka ullekha aise haiM jo unako vikrama kI pAMcavIM sadI ke bAda kA granthakAra siddha karate haiN| unameM se kucha ullekha ye haiM (1) samaya prAbhRta kI gAthA 350 tathA 351 meM kundakundAcArya kahate haiM"logoM ke vicAra meM deva, nAraka, tiryaMca aura manuSya prANiyoM ko viSNu banAtA hai, taba zramaNoM (jaina sAdhuoM) ke mata meM SanikAya ke jIvoM kA kartA AtmA hai / " "isa prakAra loka aura zramaNoM ke siddhAnta meM koI vizeSa nahIM hai / logoM ke mata meM kartA 'viSNu' hai aura zramaNoM ke mata meM 'AtmA' / kahane kI jarUrata nahIM hai ki 'viSNu' ko kartApuruSa mAnanevAle "vaiSNava" saMpradAya kI utpatti viSNusvAmI se I0 sa0 kI tIsarI zatAbdI meM huI thii| unake siddhAnta ne khAsA samaya bItane ke bAda hI loka siddhAnta kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA hogA, yaha nizcita hai / isase kahanA par3egA ki kundakunda vikrama kI cauthI sadI ke pahale ke nahIM ho sakate / _(2) kundakunda ne 'bodhaprAbhRta' kI gAthA 6-8 aura 10 meM kramaza: 'Ayatana', 'caityagRha' aura 'pratimA' kI carcA kI hai / jahA~ taka hamane dekhA hai, ina bAtoM kI carcA caityavAsa ke sAtha sambandha rakhatI huI pAyI gaI hai / ataeva ina carcAoM se pAyA jAtA hai ki kundakunda kA astitva-samaya "caityavAsa' kAla ke pahale kA nahIM ho sakatA / (3) 'bhAvaprAbhRta' kI 149vIM gAthA meM kundakunda ne 'ziva' 'parameSThi' 'sarvajJa' "viSNu' 'caturmukha' Adi katipaya paurANika devoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / isase bhI jAnA jAtA hai ki ve paurANika kAla meM hue the, pahale nahIM / / (4) 'bhAvaprAbhRta' kI 162vIM gAthA meM ve dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ina cAra puruSArthoM kA aura 'mokSaprAbhRta' kI 4 thI gAthA meM tathA 'rayaNasAra' ko 134 se 145 paryanta kI gAthAoM meM unhoMne 'bAhya' 'Abhyantara' aura 'para' ina trividha AtmAoM kI carcA kI hai, jo vikrama kI pAMcavIM sadI ke bAda meM pracalita honevAle viSaya haiM / (5) 'liMga prAbhRta' kI gAthA 9-10-16 aura 21vIM meM sAdhuoM kI AcAra

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa viSayaka jina zithilatAoM kI nindA kI hai unako dekhane se yahI mAnanA par3atA hai ki kundakunda usa samaya ke vyakti the jaba ki sAdhuoM meM paryApta zithilatA A gaI thii| unameM gRhasthoM ke jaisI anya pravRttiyoM ke uparAnta jamIna jAgIra lene aura khetIvAr3I karAne taka kI zithilatA praviSTa ho gayI thii| yaha samaya nizcita rUpa se vikramIya pA~cavIM sadI ke bAda kA thA / (6) 'rayaNasAra' kI 18vIM gAthA meM sAta kSetra meM dAna karane kA upadeza karane ke uparAnta usI prakaraNa kI gAthA 28vIM meM kundakunda kahate haiM-"paMcamakAla meM isa bhAratavarSa meM yaMtra-maMtra-taMtra-paricaryA (sevA yA khuzAmada), pakSapAta aura mIThe vacanoM ke hI kAraNa dAna diyA jAtA hai, mokSa ke hetu nahIM / isase yaha sAbita hotA hai ki kundakunda usa samaya ke vyakti the jaba ki isa deza meM tAMtrika mata kA khUba pracAra ho gayA thA aura mokSa kI bhAvanA kI apekSA sAMsArika svArtha aura pakSApakSI kA bAjAra garma ho rahA thA / purAtattvavettAoM ko kahane kI zAyada hI jarUrata hogI ki bhAratavarSa kI ukta sthiti vikrama kI pAMcavIM sadI ke bAda meM huI thI / (7) 'rayaNasAra' kI gAthA 32vIM meM jIrNoddhAra, pratiSThA, jinapUjA aura tIrthavandanaviSayaka dravyabhakSaNa karanevAle ko naraka-duHkha kA bhogI batAkara kundakunda kahate haiM-"pUjAdAnAdi kA dravya haranevAlA putrakalatrahIna, daridra, paMgu, gUMgA, baharA aura andhA hotA hai aura cANDAlAdi kula meM janma letA hai / " isI prakAra agalI 33-36 vI gAthAoM meM pUjA aura dAnAdi dravya bhakSaNa karanevAloM ko vividha durgatiyoM ke du:khabhogI honA batalAyA hai / isase siddha hotA hai ki kundakunda ke samaya meM devadravya aura dAna diye hue dravyoM kI durvyavasthA honA eka sAmAnya bAta ho gaI thii| maMdiroM kI vyavasthA meM sAdhuoM kA pUrA dakhala ho cukA thA aura ve apanA AcAra mArga chor3a kara gRhasthocita caitya kAryoM meM laga cuke the / jaina itihAsa se yaha bAta siddha hai ki vikrama kI pA~cavIM sadI se sAdhu caityoM meM rahakara unakI vyavasthA karane laga gaye the aura chaThI se dasavIM sadI taka unakA pUrNa sAmrAjya rahA thA / ve apane apane gaccha-sambandhI caityoM kI vyavasthA meM sarvAdhikArI ke DhaMga se kAma karate the| usa samaya ke suvihita AcArya isa pravRtti kA virodha bhI karate the, parantu unapara usakA koI asara nahIM hotA thaa| isa samaya ko zvetAmbara granthakAroM ne "caityavAsapravRttisamaya" ke nAma se udghoSita kiyA hai / yahI samaya digambara sampradAya meM "bhaTTArakIya samaya'' ke nAma se pahacAnA jAtA hai / AcArya kundakunda ne ThIka isI samaya kI pravRttiyoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai / isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki ve pA~cavIM sadI ke pUrva ke vyakti nahIM the| (8) 'rayaNasAra' kI 105 tathA 108 se 111 taka kI gAthAoM meM kundakunda

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312 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra paramparA se majabUta moracA liyA / pahale jo sUtra, niyukti Adi prAcIna AgamoM ko inake pUrvAcArya mAnate Aye the, inhoMne unakA mAnanA bhI asvIkAra kara diyA aura apane liye AcAra, vicAra aura darzanaviSayaka svatantra sAhitya kI racanA kI jisameM vastra-pAtra rakhane kA ekAnta rUpa se niSedha kiyA / yadyapi isa aikAntika niSedha ke kAraNa unheM strImukti aura kevalimukti kA bhI niSedha karanA par3A, kyoMki striyoM ko sarvathA acelaka mAnanA anucita ne sAdhuoM kI aneka zithila pravRttiyoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai, jinameM rAjasevA, jyotiSavidyA, maMtroM se AjIvakA, dhanadhAnya kA parigraha, makAna, pratimA, upakaraNa Adi kA moha, gaccha kA Agraha, vastra aura pustaka kI mamatA Adi bAtoM kA khaNDana lakSya dene yogya hai / kahane kI zAyada hI jarUrata hogI ki ukta kharAbiyA~ sAdhu samAja meM chaThI aura sAtavIM sadI meM pUrNa rUpa se praviSTa ho rahI thIM / pA~cavIM sadI meM inameM se bahuta kama pravRttiyA~ sAdhusamAja meM praviSTa hone pAyI thIM aura vikrama kI tIsarI cauthI zatAbdI taka aisI koI bhI bAta jaina nirgranthoM meM nahIM pAyI jAtI thI / isase yaha nissaMdeha siddha hotA hai ki AcArya kundakunda vikrama kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke bAda ke granthakAra haiM / yadi aisA na hotA aura digambara jaina paTTAvaliyoM ke lekhAnusAra ve vikrama kI prathama athavA dUsarI sadI ke graMthakAra hote to chaThI sadI kI pravRttiyoM kA unake granthoM meM khaNDana nahIM hotA / (9) kundakunda ne apane graMthoM meM aneka sthAna para "gaccha" zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai jo vikrama kI pA~cavIM sadI ke bAda kA pAribhASika zabda hai / zvetAmbaroM ke prAcIna bhASyoM taka meM 'gaccha' zabda prayukta nahIM huA hai / hA~, chaThI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke bAda ke bhASyoM, cUrNiyoM aura prakIrNakoM meM 'gaccha' zabda kA vyavahAra avazya huA hai / yahI bAta digambara sampradAya meM bhI hai / jahA~ taka hameM jJAta hai unake tIsarI cauthI zatAbdI ke sAhitya meM "gaccha" zabda prayukta nahIM huA / (10) vikrama kI navIM sadI ke pahale ke kisI bhI zilAlekha, tAmrapatra yA graMtha meM kundakundAcArya kA nAmollekha na honA bhI yahI siddha karatA hai ki ve utane prAcIna vyakti na the jitanA ki adhika digambara vidvAn samajhate haiM / yadyapi markarA ke eka tAmrapatra meM, jo ki saMvat 388 kA likhA huA mAnA jAtA hai, kundakunda kA nAmollekha hai, tathApi hamArI isa mAnyatA meM kucha bhI Apatti nahIM ho sakatI / kyoMki usa tAmrapatra meM ullikhita tamAma AcAryoM ke nAmoM ke pahale 'bhaTAra' (bhaTTAraka) zabda likhA gayA hai / isase siddha hai ki yaha tAmrapatra bhaTTAraka kAla meM likhA gayA hai jo vikrama kI sAtavIM sadI ke bAda zurU hotA hai / isa dazA meM tAmrapatravAlA saMvat koI arvAcIna saMvat honA cAhiye athavA to yaha tAmrapatra hI jAlI honA cAhiye /

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 313 thA aura vastrasahita rahate hue unakI mukti mAna lene para apane vastradhArI pratispardhiyoM kI mukti kA niSedha karanA asaMbhava thA / isI taraha kevalI kA kavalAhara mAnane para usake lAne ke liye pAtra bhI mAnanA par3atA aura isa dazA meM pAtradhArI sthaviroM kA khaMDana nahIM karane pAte / ina naye siddhAntoM kI yojanA se unheM apanI paramparAgata ApavAdika liGga pravRtti ko svayaM uThA denA par3A, kyoMki aisA kiye binA ve virodhipakSa kA sAmanA kara nahIM sakate the / kundakundAcArya Adi ke ina naye siddhAntoM se isa paramparA ko kucha lAbha huA aura kucha hAni bhI / lAbha yaha huA ki aisI aikAntika acelakapravRtti se dakSiNa deza meM, jahA~ pahale se hI AjIvaka Adi nagna sampradAyavAloM kA mAna aura pracAra thA, inake anuyAyI gRhasthoM kI saMkhyA kAphI bar3ha gaI aura isa kAraNa sAdhu samudAya meM bhI vRddhi huI / ___ hAni yaha huI ki inake naye siddhAntoM ko isa paramparA ke sabhI anuyAyiyoM ne svIkAra nahIM kiyA aura pariNAma svarUpa yaha paramparA jo pahale kevala 'mUlasaMgha' ke nAma se pahacAnI jAtI thI aba se aneka bhAgoM meM ba~Ta gaI aura usake aneka saMgha bana gaye, 'yApanIyasaMgha', 'kASThAsaMgha', 'mAthurasaMgha' vagairaha nAmoM se prasiddha hue aura eka dUsare ko bhalA burA kahane lage / vikrama kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha se dasavIM ke anta taka ke cAra sau varSoM meM donoM sthavira paramparAoM meM aneka diggaja vidvAn utpanna hue / pahalI paramparA ke vidvAnoM meM siddhasenagaNi, jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa, mallavAdI, jinadAsagaNimahattara, haribhadrasUri, bappabhaTTisUri, zIlAGkAcArya Adi ke nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / dvitIya paramparA meM bhI samantabhadra, akalaGkadeva, vidyAnandI, mANikyanandI, prabhAcandra, devasenabhaTTAraka Adi aneka nAmI vidvAn ho gaye / ina sabhI vidvAnoM ne apanI apanI kRtiyoM dvArA anya dArzanika vidvAnoM kA

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314 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra sAmanA to kiyA hI para sAtha hI sAtha apane viruddha jaina paramparA ke siddhAntoM kA khaNDana karane meM bhI kucha uThA nahIM rakkhA / isI samaya se eka dUsare ko digambara zvetAmbara kahane kA bhI prArambha huA / hama Upara kaha Aye haiM ki pahale pahala Avazyaka-bhASyakAra ne natana sthavira paramparA vAloM ko 'boDiyA' nAma se sambodhita karake inake mata ko "mithyAdarzana' kahA thA aura isakA uttara bhI aneka digambara vidvAnoM ne de diyA thA; para bhaTTAraka devasena ne apane darzanasAra aura bhAvasaMgraha meM zvetAmbaroM ko 'dhUrta, saMzayamithyAdRSTi, gRhikalpika, vratabhraSTa, sagranthaliMgI, mArgabhraSTa' Adi vizeSaNoM dvArA usakA vyAja ke sAtha badalA liyA aura inhIM kA anusaraNa paM0 vAmadeva, bhaTTAraka ratnanandI prabhRti pichale vidvAnoM ne kiyA / bhaTTAraka devasena ne zvetAmbaroM ko gAliyA~ dekara hI santoSa nahIM mAnA; kintu Avazyaka-bhASya-cUrNi meM digambaroM kI jo utpatti likhI hai, usake uttara meM unhoMne zvetAmbaroM kI utpattiviSayaka eka kathA bhI gar3ha dI, jo nIce dI jAtI hai| __ 'jaba vikrama rAjA kI mRtyu hue eka sau chattIsa varSa ho cuke taba saurASTra meM 'valabhI' nagarI meM zvetapaTa (zvetAmbara) saMgha kI utpatti huI / 'ujjayinI nagarI meM bhadrabAhu nAmaka eka acche nimitta zAstravettA AcArya the / unhoMne nimittajJAna se bhaviSya jAnakara apane saMgha se kahAyahA~ bar3A durbhikSa honevAlA hai, jo pUre bAraha varSa taka rahegA / isaliye apane apane saMgha ke sAtha dUsare dezoM meM cale jAnA cAhiye / bhadrabAha ke ukta vacana ko sunakara saba AcArya apane apane saMgha ke sAtha jahA~ subhikSa thA vahA~ cale gaye / parantu eka zAntinAmA AcArya jo ki bahuziSya-parivAra yukta thA, sundara saurASTra deza kI valabhI nagarI pahu~cA, jAne ke bAda vahA~ bhI bar3A bhayaMkara duSkAla par3A / jahA~ bhikhAriyoM ne peTa cIra bhojana nikAlake khAyA / isa nimitta ko pAkara sarva sAdhuoM ne kambala, daNDa, tuMbA aura or3hane ke liye zveta vastra dhAraNa kiye / RSiyoM kA AcAra chor3akara dInavRtti se mA~ga kara bhikSA lI aura upAzraya meM baiThakara yatheccha bhojana kiyA /

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 315 isa prakAra kA AcaraNa karate karate kitanA hI kAla bItane para subhikSa huA taba 'zAnti' AcArya ne apane saMgha ko bulAkara kahA-'aba isa kutsita AcaraNa ko chor3o aura isakI nindA gardA kara phira munIMdroM kA AcAra grahaNa karo / ' yaha vacana suna kara unake prathama ziSya ne kahA-'isa ati durdhara AcaraNa ko kauna dhAraNa kara sakatA hai ? na milane para upavAsa, dUsare aneka duHsaha antarAya, eka hI sthAna para bhojana karanA, acelaka rahanA, kisI cIja kA na mA~ganA, brahmacarya, jamIna para sonA, do do mahIne ke bAda asahya keza loca karanA, nitya asahya bAIsa parISahoM kA sahanA (yaha saba kaThina AcAra isa samaya kauna pAla sakatA hai ? isa samaya to) jo kucha bhI AcAra hamane grahaNa kiyA hai vahI sukhakara hai, duHSamakAla meM ise chor3a nahIM sakate / ' taba zAnti ne kahA---'cAritrabhraSTa hokara jIvita rahanA acchA nahIM, yaha jaina mArga ko dUSita karane vAlA hai| jina bhagavAn ke kahe hue nirgrantha pravacana ko chor3a anyathA pravRtti karanA mithyAtva hai|' isa para ruSTa hokara ziSya ne (zAnti ke) mastaka meM eka lambe daNDa se prahAra kiyA, jisakI coTa se sthavira marakara vyantara deva huA / 'taba pAkhaNDa ko prakaTa karane vAlA ziSya zvetapaTa saMgha kA adhipati huA aura 'sagrantha ko bhI nirvANa ho sakatA hai" isa prakAra kA dharmopadeza karane lgaa| 'apane apane pAkhaNDa ke anukUla zAstroM kI racanA kI aura logoM meM unakA vyAkhyAna karake usI prakAra kA AcAra pracalita kiyA / (isa prakAra) nirgranthatA ko dUSita kara usakI nindA aura apanI prazaMsA kara vaha kapaTapUrvaka bahudravya grahaNa karake mUrkha logoM meM apanA jIvana bitAne lagA / ___ 'udhara zAnti AcArya kA jIva vyantaradeva upadrava karake kahane lagA--'jina dharma pAkara mithyAtva ko mata prApta hoo' / taba Dara kara jinacandra ne usakI sarva-dravya-sampUrNa aSTaprakArI pUjA banAI jo Aja bhI usako dI huI hai / Aja bhI vaha balipUjA sarva prathama usIke nAma se dI jAtI hai / vaha zvetapaTa saMgha kA pUjya-kuladeva kahA gayA /

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316 'isa prakAra mArgabhraSTa sevar3oM kI utpatti kahI / ' isI Azaya kI zvetAmbarotpatti viSayaka kathA granthakAra ne apane ' darzanasAra' nAmaka grantha meM bhI likhI hai, para vahA~ unhoMne apane atizaya jJAna kA bhI paricaya de diyA hai, likhA hai 'aura isa prakAra anya bhI AgamaduSTa mithyAzAstroM kI racanA karake 'jinacandra' ne apanI AtmA ko prathama naraka meM sthApita kiyA / ' zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra isI kathA ko pandrahavIM aura solahavIM sadI ke AsapAsa ke digambara vidvAn paM0 vAmadeva jI ne bhI apane bhAvasaMgraha meM likhA hai, jahA~ anya vRttAnta to isI prakAra kA hai, para eka bAta jo unhoMne nayI kahI hai use nIce likha dete haiM / 'Dare hue jinacandra ne upadrava kI zAnti ke liye ATha aMgula lambe eka caturastra kASTha para usakA saMkalpa kara ke pUjana kiyA / zveta vastra para sthApana karake vidhipUrvaka pUjana karane se usa vyantara ne upadravAtmaka ceSTA ko chor3a diyA / vaha 'paryupAsana' nAmaka kuladeva huA jo Aja bhI jalagandha Adi se bar3I bhakti se pUjA jAtA hai / ' 'bIca meM uttama zvetavastra rakha kara usakA pUjana kiyA isa kAraNa yaha mata loka meM 'zvetAmbara' isa nAma se prasiddha huA' / vikrama kI satrahavIM sadI ke bhaTTAraka ratnanandI ne 'bhadrabAhu caritra' nAmaka eka grantha banAyA hai, yadyapi isakA nAma bhadrabAhu caritra hai para vAstava meM isakI racanA zvetAmbara mata ke khaNDana ke liye kI gaI hai / isameM bhI zvetAmbaramatotpatti kA vRttAnta diyA hai, para yaha devasena aura vAmadeva ke diye hue vRttAntoM se bilakula vilakSaNa hai / bhaTTArakajI kA diyA huA vRttAnta yahA~ pUrA pUrA uddhRta karanA to azakya hai; para usakA saMkSipta sAra de dete haiM / 'eka samaya zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu bAraha hajAra muni parivAra ke sAtha ujjayinI nagarI ke bAhara udyAna meM padhAre / ujjayinI kA rAjA candragupti AcArya mahArAja ke vandanArtha gayA aura pichalI rAta meM dekhe hue 16 svapnoM kA phala pUchA / bhadrabAhusvAmI ne rAjA ko usake svapnoM kA phala batAyA For Private Personal Use Only

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 317 jise suna kara rAjA ko vairAgya prApta huA aura bhadrabAhu ke pAsa dIkSA le jaina muni ho gayA / 'eka samaya bhadrabAhu svAmI jinadAsa seTha ke ghara AhAra ke liye gaye, taba ghara meM jAte hI vahA~ pAlane meM jhUlate hue do mAsa ke bAlaka ne unase kahA-'jAo jAo / ' svAmI ne pUchA-kitane samaya taka ? bAlaka ne uttara diyA---'bAraha varSa paryanta / ' 'bhadrabAhu ne sthAna para Akara munisaMgha ko bulAkara kahA-sAdhuo ! isa deza meM bAraha varSa kA bhayaMkara durbhikSa par3ane vAlA hai, isa vAste saMyamArthI muniyoM ke lie aba isa deza meM rahanA ucita nahIM hai / 'bhadrabAhu ke vacana sunakara saMgha vahA~ se vihAra karane ko tatpara huA / ujjayinI ke dhanADhya zrAvakoM ke vahA~ rahane ke liye Agraha karane para bhI jaba bhadrabAhu ne vahA~ rahanA svIkAra nahIM kiyA taba unhoMne rAmalya sthUlAcArya, sthUlabhadra vagairaha sAdhuoM se vahA~ rahane kI prArthanA kI aura use unhoMne svIkAra kiyA aura bAraha hajAra sAdhu vahIM Thahare / / ___ 'bhadrabAha ujjayinI se bAraha hajAra sAdhuoM ke sAtha karnATaka kI tarapha vihAra kara gaye, eka bar3I aTavI meM jAkara unhoMne nimitta se apanI AyuSya alpa jAnakara vizAkhAcArya ko saMgha ke sAtha Age vihAra karAke Apa vahIM aTavI meM candragupta muni ke sAtha Thahare, anazana kiyA aura samAdhi maraNa kara svarga sidhAre / candragupta muni guru ke caraNoM kA Alekhana kara unakI sevA karate aura kAntAravRtti se jIvana nirvAha karate hue vahIM rahe / 'vizAkhAcArya saMgha ke sAtha coladeza pahu~ce / udhara ujjayinI meM ghora durbhikSa par3A / eka dina rAmalya, sthUlabhadrAdi AhAra karake vana meM jA rahe the, unameM se eka muni pIche raha gaye / bhIkhamaMgoM ne unakA peTa phAr3a bhojana nikAla khAyA yaha bAta nagara meM pahu~cate hI hAhAkAra maca gayA aura zrAvakoM ne ekatra ho muni maMDala se prArthanA kI- 'bhagavan ! bar3A viSamakAla hai isa samaya Apa nagara meM padhAra jAya~ to bahuta acchA ho / kyoMki jJAniyoM ke liye vana aura nagara donoM samAna hai / ' zrAvakoM kI prArthanA kA svIkAra huA

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318 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra taba zrAvakoM ne samahotsava unheM nagara meM lAkara jJAti ke bandhanAnusAra bhinna bhinna upAzrayoM meM ThaharAyA / 'prativarSa bhISaNa durbhikSa par3a rahe the aura raMka bhIkhamaMgoM kI bAr3hasI A gaI thI jinake bhaya se gRhastha loga dina bhara kivAr3a banda kara rahane lge| sAdhu AhAra ke liye jAte to raMka unake bhI pIche par3ate, jinheM zrAvaka loga lAThiyoM se mArakara dUra karate, isa vipatti se ghabarA kara zrAvaka logoM se sAdhuoM ne kahA-mahArAja, bhIkhamaMgoM se nAkoM dama A gayA hai aura hama loga rasoI bhI inake Dara se rAtri ke hI samaya karate haiM, miharabAnI karake Apa bhI rAtri ke hI samaya hamAre yahA~ se pAtra meM AhAra le jAya~ aura dina meM usakA bhojana kreN| zrAvakoM ke isa vacana para saba ne vicAra kara ke nirNaya kiyA-'jaba taka viSama kAla hai taba taka aisA hI kareMge, aura unhoMne tumbI kA pAtra aura bhikSuka tathA kuttoM ke bhaya se hAtha meM lAThI dhAraNa kI / gRhasthoM ke ghara se AhAra lAkara eka dUsare ko dene lage aura makAna kA dvAra banda kara gavAkSa ke ujAleM meM bhojana karane lage / _ 'eka dina rAtri ke samaya AhAra ke liye gaye hue kSINakAya nagna sAdhu ko dekakara yazobhadra kI sagarbhA strI rAkSasa kI bhrAnti se Dara gaI aura usakA garbhapAta ho gayA / sAdhu to yoM hI lauTa gayA para zrAvakoM meM isa ghaTanA se hAhAkAra maca gayA aura unhoMne sAdhuoM se jAkara kahA-muni mahArAja ! samaya bar3A kharAba hai aura ApakA yaha rUpa bhI bhayaMkara hai, isa vAste subhikSa hone taka Apa AdhA vastra pahanakara kaMdhe para kambala rakha rAtri ke samaya AhAra lene jAya~ aura dina meM bhojana kareM / ' zrAvakoM kI prArthanA se sAdhuoM ne vaisA hI kiyA aura dhIredhIre ve zithila ho gaye / __ 'bAraha varSa ke bAda deza meM phira subhikSa huA aura vizAkhAcArya dakSiNa deza se calakara uttara deza meM kramazaH kAnyakubja nagara ke bAhara udyAna meM padhAre / 'sthUlAcArya ne vizAkhAcArya ko AyA sunakara unheM dekhane ke lie apane ziSya bheje / muniyoM ne jAkara AcArya ko vandana kiyA para unhoMne

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 319 unheM prativandanA nahIM kI aura kahA - 'yaha kauna sA nayA mata nikAlA hai ?' sAdhu lajjita hokara vApasa Aye aura saba vRttAnta apane guru ko kaha sunAyA / rAmalya, sthUlabhadra aura sthUlAcArya ne saba sAdhuoM ko ikaTThA karake kahA- 'aba hameM kyA karanA cAhiye ?' isa para sthUlAcArya ne apanA abhiprAya vyakta karate hue kahA - ' - isa bure AcAra ko chor3a kara jina mArga kA svIkAra kara chedopasthApanA karanI cAhiye / ' sAdhuoM ko sthUlAcArya kI bAta pasaMda na AyI, unhoMne kahA - ' isa sugama mArga ko chor3a kara aba duSkara mArga kauna grahaNa karegA ?' sthUlAcArya bole- 'yaha mata acchA nahIM hai, mUlamArga ko chor3a kAyaroM kA mArga pakar3anA saMsAra bhramaNa kA kAraNa hai' isa para kitaneka bhavyAtmAoM ne to mUlayAgaM kA svIkAra kara liyA para kitaneka usa satya vacana se ulaTe jalane lage aura bole-- 'yaha bUr3hA kyA jAnatA hai ? isakI buddhi meM bhrama ho gayA hai, jo isa prakAra bakatA hai, parantu jaba taka yaha jItA hai hameM sukha se nahIM rahane degA' yaha kaha kara una pApiyoM ne unheM daNDoM se mArakara gaDDhe meM pheMka diyA / ArtadhyAna se marakara AcArya vyantara deva huA aura avadhijJAna se pUrva bhava dekha kara una nAmadhArI sAdhuoM ko duHkha dene lagA / taba bhayabhIta hokara unhoMne milakara usase aparAdha kI kSamA mAMgI; deva ne kahA - 'viparIta mArga ko chor3a kara saMyama mArga ko svIkAra karo / ' sAdhu bole- 'yaha durdhara mArga pAlanA to kaThina hai, para gurubuddhi se, tumhArI pUjA nitya kiyA kareMge' ityAdi vinaya se vyantara ko zAnta kiyA aura guru kI haDDI lAkara usameM guru kI kalpanA kara nitya pUjane lage / Aja bhI kSapaka asthi kI kalpanA se use 'khamaNAdihaDI' kahate haiM / phira usakI zAnti ke liye ATha aMgula lambI kATha kI caturasra paTTI ko 'vahI yaha hai' aisI kalpanA kara use vidhipUrvaka pUjA / taba usane upadrava kI ceSTA chor3a dI aura inakA 'paryupAsana' nAmaka kuladeva huA, jo Aja taka bar3I bhakti se pUjA jAtA hai / isa prakAra loka meM yaha 'ardhaphAlaka' nAmaka adbhuta mata kalikAla ke bala se phaila gayA / 'jisa vrata kA ina paJcendriyalolupoM ne svayaM AcaraNa kiyA thA usI For Private Personal Use Only

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320 prakAra apanI buddhi se sUtra meM likha diyA / 'isa prakAra bahuta samaya vyatIta ho gayA / eka samaya valabhI ke rAjA lokapAla kI rAnI candralekhA, jo ki ujjayinI ke rAjA candrakIrti kI putrI aura ardhaphAlaka matavAloM kI ziSyA thI, apane pati se bolI'kAnyakubja' nagara meM hamAre guru mahArAja vicarate haiM so Apa unheM yahA~ bulAyeM / ' rAnI ke kathana se rAjA ne jinacandrAdi ardhaphAlakoM ko valabhIpura bulAyA / pravezamahotsava ke dina rAjA unakI agavAnI ke liye gayA, para sAdhuoM ko nagna aura vastradhAriyoM se vilakSaNa veSavAlA dekha kara vaha vApasa calA AyA / rAnI ko isa bAta kA patA lagate hI guru ke pAsa kAphI saMkhyA meM zveta vastra bheje jinheM unhoMne lekara dhAraNa kiyA / phira rAjA ne unakI bhaktipUrvaka pUjA kI / zvetavastroM ke dhAraNa karane se usI dina se ardhaphAlaka mata se 'zvetAmbara' mata prakaTa huA / zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra 'vikrama rAjA kI mRtyu ke bAda eka sau chattIsa varSa bItane para loka meM zvetAmbara nAmaka mata utpanna huA / kevalI ko bhojana, strI aura sasaMga sAdhuoM ko usI bhava meM mokSa, garbhApahAra Adi bAtoM kA pratipAdaka AgamasaMgraha usI mUr3ha jinacandra AcArya ne racA / ' mImAMsA ina kalpita kathAoM ko yahA~ likha kara inheM hama aprApta mahattva nahIM dete aura na inakI mImAMsA karane kA hI kaSTa uThAte, parantu hama dekhate haiM ki Ajakala ke bahutere digambara vidvAn bhI inheM satya mAnate haiM aura inhIM bUtoM para zvetAmbara jaina saMgha ko arvAcIna ThaharAne kI ceSTA karate haiM / prathama to devasena bhaTTAraka dasavIM aura paM0 vAmadeva aura ratnanandI bhaTTAraka kramazaH solahavIM satrahavIM sadI ke lekhaka haiN| inake pahale ke kisI bhI digambarIya jaina grantha meM ina kathAoM kA ullekha nahIM hai / isa dazA meM kramazaH sAr3he ATha sau caudaha sau aura pandraha sau varSa ke bAda nirAdhAra likhe gaye ye kisse svayaM hI mahattvahIna Thaharate haiM / dUsare ye sabhI lekhaka isa viSaya meM ekavAkya bhI nahIM haiM / devasena durbhikSa ke kAraNa daNDa, kambala, , For Private Personal Use Only

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 321 tumbI aura zvetavastra dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa 'zvetAmbara' nAma par3A batAte haiM, vAmadeva kATha kI paTTI para zvetavastra sthApana karake vyantara deva kI pUjA karane ke kAraNa 'zvetAmbara' nAma par3A likhate haiM, aura ratnanandI rAnI candralekhA ke kahane se zvetavastra dhAraNa karane se 'zvetAmbara' mata prakaTa honA likhate haiM / devasena aura vAmadeva, dUsare naimittika bhadrabAhu ne ujjayinI se jisa durbhikSa ke kAraNa dakSiNa meM vihAra kiyA thA usI durbhikSa ke samaya zvetAmbaroM kI utpatti batAte haiM, taba ratnanandI durbhikSa kA vRttAnta prathama zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke sAtha jor3ate haiM aura usa samaya ujjayinI meM 'ardhaphAlaka' mata kI utpatti huI likhate haiM aura phira bahuta samaya ke bAda valabhI meM subhikSa ke samaya meM rAnI ke kahane se zveta vastroM ko dhAraNa kara 'zvetAmbara' hue likhate haiM / devasena jinacandra dvArA zAntivyantara kI sarva dravyoM se aSTavidha pUjA pracalita honA aura apane samaya taka usakA cAlU rahanA batAte haiM, taba vAmadeva aura ratnanandI ATha aMgula lambI caurasa kATha kI paTTI para zveta vastra sthApana kara pUjA karanA aura apane samaya taka usakA cAlU rahanA batAte haiM / devasena zAntivyantara ko zvetAmbaroM kA pUjya kuladeva mAtra likhate haiM taba pichale donoM lekhaka usakA 'paryupAsana' nAma honA batAte haiM / ratnanandI ziSyoM dvArA zAnti kI haDDiyoM ko ikaTThA kara pUjanA aura vaha rIti apane samaya taka cAlU rahanA aura usakA nAma 'khamaNAdihaDI' prasiddha honA likhate haiM jisakA ki prathama do lekhakoM ne kucha bhI ullekha nahIM kiyA / isa prakAra ina lekhakoM ke paraspara viruddha kathana se hI ina kathAoM kA bAhya kalevara to svayaM jarjarita ho jAtA hai; parantu 'sthAna' aura 'samaya' ina do bAtoM meM ye sabhI lekhaka eka mata haiM, arthAt saba vikramarAjA kI mRtyu ke bAda 136 varSa bItane para valabhI nagarI meM zvetAmbara mata kA utpanna honA batAte haiM / aba hama yaha dekheMge ki lekhakoM kI ye bAteM apane udbhava meM kucha AdhAra bhI rakhatI haiM yA nahIM / zramaNa-21

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322 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra vikrama kI dUsarI zatAbdI ke dvitIya caraNa meM valabhI meM 'matotpatti' batAnA nirAdhAra hai, kyoMki usa samaya valabhI kA astitva thA isameM koI pramANa nahIM hai, valabhI kanakasena ke samaya vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI meM basI thI, yaha bAta itihAsa prasiddha hai| valabhI nagarI aura zAntisUri ina do nAmoM ke ullekha se hama samajhate haiM ki ina kathAoM kA sambandha vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM valabhI meM ghaTI huI kisI ghaTanA ke sAtha honA cAhie / vIra saMvat 980 (vikrama saMvata 510) meM valabhI meM mAthura aura vAlabhya nAma se prasiddha do zvetAmbara jaina saMghoM kA sammelana huA thA aura donoM saMghoM ne donoM vAcanAoM kA samanvayapUrvaka ekIkaraNa kiyA thA / isa sammelana meM mAthura saMgha ke pradhAna devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa the aura vAlabhya saMgha ke pramukha kAlakAcArya aura upapramukha gaMdharva vAdi vetAla zAntisUri / hama Upara kaha Aye haiM ki vAlabhya saMgha nagnatA dhAraNa karane vAloM ke viSaya meM bahuta anudAra thA aura isI kAraNa mahAgiri ke ziSya balissaha aura svAti jaise sthaviroM ke nAma bhI apanI yugapradhAnAvalI meM rakhane kI udAratA nahIM kara sakA / Azcarya nahIM ki isI sammelana meM digambaroM ke sAtha bhI mela jola karane sambandhI koI prastAva upasthita huA ho, para vAlabhya saMgha tathA khAsakara zAntisUri ke ziSyoM ne use saphala na hone diyA ho aura isa kAraNa digambara paramparAvAloM ne zAntisUri aura unake ziSyoM ko kosA ho / sabhI digambara lekhaka zvetAmbaramata-pravartaka kA nAma 'jinacandra' likhate haiM aura vartamAna jaina Agama usI jinacandra ke banAye hue batAte haiM / hama samajhate haiM ki digambaroM kA yaha 'jinacandra' aura koI nahIM, AcArya 'jinabhadragaNi kSamA zramaNa' haiM; jinakA samaya vikrama kI chaThI aura sAtavIM sadI kA madhya bhAga thA / jinabhadra usa samaya kI zvetAmbara paramparA ke yugapradhAna AcArya hI nahIM varan kaTTara sAmpradAyika siddhAntakAra bhI the / inhoMne

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 323 vizeSAvazyakabhASyAdi aneka bhASya aura anya prakaraNa granthoM kI racanA kI hai| digambara vidvAn inako itanA kosate haiM isakA yahI kAraNa hai ki inhoMne digambaroM kA bar3I kaTTaratA pUrvaka khaMDana karake zvetAmbara paramparA ko puSTa kiyA thA / bhaTTAraka devasena upadrava kI zAnti ke liye zAnti vyantara kI pUjA karane kI jo bAta kahate haiM, vaha vAstava meM zvetAmbara jaina paramparA meM prasiddha 'zAntistrAtra' kI sUcanA hai / zvetAmbaroM meM bahuta purAne samaya se 'jina bhagavAn kA janmAbhiSeka mahotsava' karane kI pravRtti calI AtI thI jo pichale samaya meM 'zAntisnAtra' aura 'zAntipUjA' ina nAmoM se pracalita huI thI jo Aja taka inhIM nAmoM se prasiddha hai| isameM bhagavAn AdinAtha, ajitanAtha, zAntinAtha aura pArzvanAtha kI pratimAoM kA 27 bAra athavA 108 bAra abhiSeka aura pUjana kiyA jAtA hai / isake prArambha meM graha aura dikpAloM ko balidAna bhI kiyA jAtA hai / mAlUma hotA hai bhaTTAraka devasenajI ne isI zAntipUjA kA nAma sunakara dveSavaza 'zAntivyantara' aura usakI pUjA kI kalpanA gar3ha lI hai / __paM0 vAmadevajI 'ATha aMgula laMbI catuSkoNa kATha kI paTTI para zvetavastra bichAkara zAntivyantara kI pUjA karane kI bAta kahate haiN| yaha kathana vastutaH zvetAmbara sampradAya meM pracalita yoga kriyA kA sUcaka hai / zvetAmbara muni sUtroM ke yoga-sambandhI kAlagrahaNa, svAdhyAya prasthApana Adi kriyAyeM karate samaya karIba ATha aMgula lambI aura cAra pA~ca aMgula caur3I eka kATha kI paTTI apane sAmane rakhate haiM aura usa para zvetavastrikA bhI bichAte haiM / usake Age jo vidhi kI jAtI hai usameM hastakriyA bhI aisI hI hotI hai, jise anabhijJa AdamI namaskAra hI samajha le / paM0 vAmadevajI ne isa prakAra kI yoga-kriyA karate hue zvetAmbara muniyoM ko kahIM dekhakara yaha mAna liyA hai ki yaha zAntivyantara kI pUjA karate haiM / paM0 vAmadevajI 'paryupAsana' yaha nAma kahA~ se uThA lAye isakA kucha patA nahIM calatA, kyoMki isa nAma kA yA isake milate julate nAma kA zvetAmbara sampradAya meM koI bhI deva nahIM mAnA gayA hai /

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324 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra bhaTTAraka ratnanandI kI haDDiyoM ko pUjane kI kalpanA ne to pahale ke donoM lekhakoM ko mAta kara diyA / zvetAmbara jaina sAdhu apane pAsa jo sthApanAcArya rakhateM haiM unhIM ko lakSya karake ratnanandI kI yaha kalpanA hai| zvetAmbara jaina sampradAya ke sAdhuoM meM apane AcArya kI sthApanA rakhane kI prAcIna pravRtti hai / sthApanA meM AcArya kI mUrti yA citra nahIM kintu pA~ca kaur3e rakhate haiM / jinakA AkAra ghuTane ke Upara kI haDDI se kucha milatA julatA sA hotA hai, bhaTTAraka jI mahArAja ne inheM kahIM dekha liyA aura turanta likha diyA ki 'ye zAntisUri kI haDDiyA~ haiM / ' ve jo yaha kahate haiM ki 'Aja bhI ve 'khamaNAdihaDI' isa nAma se prasiddha haiM, so zAyada yaha kalpita nAma nandI kriyA meM 'khamAsamaNahattheNaM' isa zabda ke Upara se athavA guru ko vandana karane ke lie jo 'khamAsamaNoM,' zabda bolate haiM usake Upara se yaha 'khamaNAdihaDI' nAma gar3ha liyA gayA hai / isa prakAra zvetAmbarotpatti ke viSaya meM digambarAcAryoM ne jo kathAe~ gar3hI haiM unakA zarIra bhAnamatI ke piTAre kI taraha idhara udhara kI nayI purAnI bAtoM se bharA gayA hai / vikrama saMvat 136 meM zvetAmbaroM ke utpanna hone kA jo kathana hai, usakA tAtparya itanA hI hai ki lagabhaga isI arse meM zivabhUti ne jinakalpa kI himAyata kI thI aura sthaviroM ke niSedha karane para bhI ve jinakalpI banakara gaccha se nikala gaye the / sambhava hai ki nagnatA kA sakriya virodha karane ke liye sthavirakalpa ke nAma se calI AtI huI aicchika nagnatA kA pracAra bhI usake bAda roka diyA gayA ho aura apane viruddha vastradhAriyoM kI isa pravRtti ko pichale digambarAcAryoM ne 'zvetAmbaramatotpatti' ke nAma se prasiddha kara diyA ho / aisA honA saMbhava bhI hai, kyoMki zvetAmbaroM ne digambaroM ke mata kI utpatti likhI thI to digambaroM ko bhI usakA kucha na kucha uttara to denA hI thA / Adhunika vidvAnoM ke vicAra hama prArambha meM hI kaha Aye haiM ki mahAvIra ke ziSyoM kA mukhya bhAga vastradhArI hotA thA, tathApi saMhanana, zrutajJAna Adi kI yogyatA prApta karane ke uparAnta kitane hI jinakalpa kA svIkAra kara nagnAvasthA meM bhI rahate the

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 325 aura isa paristhiti ke kAraNa prAcIna jaina jainetara zAstroM meM jainazramaNoM ke sambandha meM nagnatAsUcaka ullekha mila jAye to koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai / isa prakAra ke ullekhoM ko dekhakara kucha yuropIya athavA bhAratavarSIya vidvAnoM ne likha diyA ki 'prAcIna samaya meM jainazramaNa nagna hote the' to isameM Azcarya nahIM hai / hama khuda bhI to kahate haiM ki jaina zramaNoM meM kucha nagna bhI hote the, para isase yaha kaise siddha ho sakatA hai ki sabhI jaina zramaNa nagna hote the, vastradhArI hote hI nahIM the ? bauddhoM kI arvAcIna jAtaka kathAoM meM nirgrantha zramaNoM ko 'nagna nirgrantha' likhA dekhakara koI kaha de ki 'prAcIna nirgrantha bhI nagna hote the' to aise AMzika jJAnavAloM ke kathana se prAcIna zramaNoM kI nagnatA sAbita nahIM ho sakatI / jinhoMne bauddhoM ke saba se prAcIna pAligranthoM aura prAcIna jaina sUtroM kA talasparzI adhyayana kiyA hai aise vidvAnoM kI sammati hI isa viSaya meM adhika vizvasanIya ho sakatI hai / DAkTara harmana jekobI isI prakAra ke vidvAn haiM aura inhoMne jainasUtroM kI prastAvanA meM prAcIna bauddha granthoM ke ullekhoM se yaha bAta acchI taraha siddha kara dI hai ki prAcIna nirgrantha zramaNa eka vastra rakhate the / isIlie bauddha loga unheM 'eka sATaka' kahA karate the / / katipaya kaTTara sAmpradAyika Adhunika digambara DA0 hAnale jaise vicArakoM ke kisI ekadezIya abhiprAya ko par3hakara use Apta vAkya se bhI adhika mAna baiThate haiM aura kahane lagate haiM ki dekho, hArnale sAhaba ke kathana se zvetAmbara saMgha kI utpattiviSayaka digambara jaina kathAnakoM kI satyatA jhalaka jAtI hai / parantu ve yaha nahIM socate ki hArnale sAhaba ne usa kathAnaka kI satyatA meM na to koI pramANa diyA hai aura na usakI kasauTI hI kI hai| unhoMne bhadrabAhu zrutakevalI ke dakSiNa meM jAne aura bAda meM zvetAmbara mata kI utpatti batAnevAlA digambara jainoM kA arvAcIna kathAnaka binA vicAre hI akSarazaH satya mAnakara duSkAla meM magadha meM rahane vAle muniyoM ke vastradhAraNa karane ke kAraNa digambara zvetAmbara sampradAyoM kA vibhAga honA batA diyA / yadi unhoMne isa kathAnaka ko kasauTI para car3hAyA hotA, to unheM jJAta ho jAtA ki

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326 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra yaha kathAnaka jo vRttAnta upasthita karatA hai usameM kucha bhI satyatA nahIM hai| zravaNa belgula ke eka prAcIna lekha se isa kathAnaka kI pola khula cukI hai ki dakSiNa meM jAne vAle 'bhadrabAhu zrutakevalI' ke nAma se prasiddha prathama bhadrabAhu nahIM kintu dvitIya jyotiSI bhadrabAhu the, jo vikrama kI kaI zatAbdiyoM ke bAda ke AcArya the / isa para bhI yadi digaMbara vidvAn DA0 hArnale ko Apta mAnane kA Agraha karate hoM to lIjiye hama bhI inhIM hAnale sAhaba ke vacanoM kA pramANa uddhRta kara dikhAte haiM / AjIvaka nAmaka apane nibandha meM DA0 hArnale kahate haiM-'jaba saba tApasa eka mata the ki zarIra ke uparAnta kucha bhI dUsarI milakata tApasa ko na rakhanI cAhiye, taba mahAvIra ne bhikSAnna lene ke liye bhikSApAtra rakhane kI chUTa rakkhI ' (jai0 sA0 saM0 350) usI nibandha meM DA0 hArnale kahate haiM-'yaha sambhavita jAna par3atA hai ki nirgrantha samAja meM sAmAnya niyama laMgoTI pahanane kA thA aura kevala nagnatA kA sampradAya gozAlaka kI TolI meM hI pravartamAna thA / ' (jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka pR0 350) DA0 hArnale apane usI nibandha meM Age jAkara kahate haiM-'AjIvaka pakSa ke jo manuSya apanI tarapha sakriya sahAnubhUti rakhate the unako lekara gozAlaka (mahAvIra se) dUra ho gayA, isa prakAra judA par3ane vAloM kA samUha bar3A thA / yA to vaha apane netA gozAlaka kI mRtyu ke bAda jIvita rahA thA yaha mAna lene kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai| jo gozAlaka kI nIti ke viruddha AcAra-vicAroM ke samarthaka nahIM the ve AjIvaka pakSa ke manuSya nirgrantha saMgha meM hI rahe, parantu sampUrNa nagnatA, bhikSApAtra kA tyAga, ahiMsA viSayaka apUrNa sAvadhAnI, daNDa kI viziSTa saMjJA aura sambhavataH anya bAtoM sambandhI apane vicAroM ke rakkhe rahe / ina bhedoM ke kAraNa AjIvaka pakSa aura nirgrantha samUha ke bIca avazya hI kucha saMgharSaNa to thA hI, para khAsa karake vaha AjIvakoM ke prati sahAnubhUti rakhane vAle bhadrabAhu ke samaya meM bAhara AyA / I0 sa0 pahale kI tIsarI sadI ke pUrva bhAga meM vaha parAkASThA ko prApta huA aura terAsi (trairAzika) ke nAma se paricita pakSa nizcita rUpa se hamezA ke liye judA

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 327 par3A aura usakA viziSTa saMgha banA jo aba 'digambara' kahalAtA hai / isa prakAra digambara aura zvetAmbara jaina vibhAgoM ke mUla kA udgama jaina dharma ke mUla prArambha taka meM jJAta hotA hai, kAraNa ki isakA astitva parokSa rItyA do paraspara virodhI vibhAgoM ke pratinidhi svarUpa mahAvIra aura gozAlaka nAma ke do sahacara agresaroM ke vaimanasya ke AbhArI haiM / ' (jai0 sA0 saM0 356 ) digambara vidvAn apane AcAryoM dvArA gar3hI huI bhadrabAhu viSayaka kalpita kathA ko satya ThaharAne ke liye 'prakhyAta yUropIya vidvAn' kahakara jinake abhiprAya ko garvapUrvaka uddhRta karate haiM, unhIM DAkTara hArnale ke uparyukta ullekha haiM jinameM ve mahAvIra ko bhikSApAtra kI chUTa rakhanevAlA, unake nirgranthoM ko laMgoTI pahanane vAlA aura Adhunika digambara saMgha ko bhadrabAhu ke samaya meM nirgrantha saMgha se judI par3I huI gozAlaka santati honA batAte haiM / kyoM vidvAno ! prakhyAta yUropIya vidvAn ke ina vicAroM ko bhI Apa akSarazaH satya mAneMge na ? isI prakAra DA0 je0 sTIvensana aura mi0 ema0 esa0 rAmasvAmI aiyaMgara ne IsA kI prathama zatAbdI meM zvetAmbara - digambaroM ke pRthak hone kI jo bAta kahI hai, usakA AdhAra bhaTTAraka devasena kI vaha kathA hai jo ki unhoMne zvetAmbaroM kI utpatti ke viSaya meM gar3hI hai / yadi ye se kasauTI para car3hA kara jA~ca karate to vikrama saMvat ke apane Apa isakI nUtanatA aura kRtrimatA prakaTa ho jAtI / hamane Upara isa kathA kI jo mImAMsA kI hai, usase vicAraka samajha sakate haiM ki isa kathA meM kucha bhI vAstavikatA nahIM hai aura jaba AdhArabhUta vRttAnta hI kRtrima hai, to usake AdhAra para vyakta kiye gaye Adhunika vidvAnoM ke abhiprAyoM kA mUlya kitanA ho sakatA hai ? vicAraka pAThakagaNa svayaM nirNaya kara sakate haiM ! vidvAn isa kathA nirdeza Adi se enasAiklopIDiyA - bRTenikA ke kisI lekhaka ne zvetAmbara jaina saMgha kI pustakalekhana saMbaMdhI ghaTanA kA rahasya na samajha kara use zvetAmbaroM kI utpatti mAnane kI bhUla kara lI aura usa bhUla ko pramANa ke taura para uddhRta For Private Personal Use Only

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328 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra karake digambara vidvAnoM ne kaha diyA ki dekho ! isameM zvetAmbaroM kI utpatti pA~cavIM sadI meM honA likhA hai / parantu unheM yaha to samajha lenA cAhiye thA ki jaba digambarAcArya svayaM bhI zvetAmbaroM kI utpatti vikama kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM huI likhate haiM taba yaha pA~cavIM sadI batAnevAlA lekhaka kisa prakAra prAmANika ho sakegA; parantu jinheM yena kena prakAreNa zvetAmbaroM kI arvAcInatA hI siddha karanA hai, unheM ina bAtoM se kyA matalaba ? zvetAmbara sampradAya kI prAcInatA Upara hamane yaha batAne kA yatna kiyA hai ki zvetAmbaroM kI utpatti ke viSaya meM prAcIna aura Adhunika vidvAnoM ne jo kucha likhA hai, usameM ve saphala nahIM hue, balki unhIM ke lekhoM se zvetAmbara paramparA kI prAcInatA siddha hotI hai| __aba hama yaha dekheMge ki zvetAmbara sampradAya kI prAcInatA ko siddha karanevAle kucha pramANa bhI upalabdha hote haiM yA nahIM / bauddhoM ke prAcIna pAligranthoM meM AjIvakamata ke netA gozAlaka ke kucha siddhAntoM kA varNana milatA hai jisameM manuSyoM kI kRSNa, nIla, lohita, hAridra, zukla aura paramazukla ye chaH AbhijAtiyA~ batAyI gaIM haiN| inameM se dUsarI nIlAbhijAti meM bauddhabhikSuoM aura tIsarI lohitAbhijAti meM nirgranthoM kA samAveza kiyA hai / isa sthala meM nirgranthoM ke liye prayukta bauddhasUtra ke zabda isa prakAra haiM-"lohitAbhijAti nAma niggaMthA ekasATakAti vadati" / arthAt eka-cIthar3evAle nirgranthoM ko vaha lohitAbhijAti kahatA hai / (aMguttaranikAya bhAga 3 pRSTha 383) - isa prakAra gozAlaka ne nirgranthoM ke liye jo yahA~ 'eka cIthar3evAle' yaha vizeSaNa prayukta kiyA hai aura isI prakAra dUsare sthaloM meM bhI atiprAcIna bauddha lekhakoM ne jaina nirgranthoM ke liye 'ekasATaka' vizeSaNa likhA hai / isase siddha hotA hai ki buddha ke samaya meM bhI mahAvIra ke sAdhu eka vastra avazya rakhate the, tabhI anya dArzanikoM ne unako ukta vizeSaNa diyA hai / kaTTara sAmpradAyika digambara yaha 'ekasATaka' vizeSaNa udAsIna nirgrantha zrAvakoM ke liye prayukta hone kI sambhAvanA karate haiM, parantu unheM yaha mAlUma

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 329 nahIM ki bauddha tripiTakoM meM 'niggantha' zabda kevala nirgrantha sAdhuoM ke liye prayukta huA hai; zrAvakoM ke liye nahIM / jahA~ kahIM bhI jaina zrAvakoM kA prasaMga AyA hai, vahA~ sarvatra 'niggaMThassa nAthaputtassa sAvakA' nirgrantha jJAtaputra ke zrAvaka) athavA 'nigaMThasAvaka' (nirgranthoM ke zrAvaka) isa prakAra zrAvaka zabda kA hI ullekha huA hai, na ki 'niggaMtha' zabda kA / isaliye 'niggaMTha' zabda kA 'zrAvaka' artha lagAnA korI haThadharmI hai / bauddhasUtra majjhimanikAya meM nirgrantha-saMgha ke sAdhu saccaka ke mukha se buddha ke samakSa gozAla maMkhaliputta tathA usake mitra nandavaccha aura kissasaMkicca ke anuyAyiyoM meM pAle jAne vAle AcAroM kA varNana karAyA hai| saccaka kahatA hai-'ye sarva vastroM kA tyAga karate haiM (acelaka), sarva ziSTAcAroM se dUra rahate haiM (muktAcAra), AhAra apane hAthoM meM hI cATate haiM (hastApalekhaNa) ityAdi / samajhane kI bAta hai ki yadi nirgrantha jaina zramaNa saccaka svayaM acelaka aura hAtha meM bhojana karanevAlA hotA to vaha AjIvaka bhikSuoM kA 'hAtha cATanevAle' Adi kahakara upahAsa kabhI nahIM karatA / isase bhI jAnA jAtA hai ki mahAvIra ke sAdhu vastrapAtra avazya rakhate the / bauddha dIrghanikAya ke pAsAdika suttaMta meM mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda unake sAdhuoM meM jhagar3A hone kI bAta kahI gaI hai aura likhA hai ki nirgranthajJAtaputra ke jo ujjvala vastradhArI gRhastha zrAvaka the ve bhI nirgrantha jJAtaputra ke sAdhuoM se virakta ho gaye / grantha ke mUla zabda ye haiM-'yepi niggaNThassa nAthaputtassa sAvakA gihI odAtavasanA tepi niggaNThesu nAthaputtiyesu niviNNarUvA / " isameM prayukta 'odAtavasanA' zabda kA artha kisI aMgreja vidvAn ne 'zvetavastradhArI' aisA kiyA / isa para se bAbU kAmatAprAsAda jaina jaise vidvAnoM ne mAna liyA ki zvetavastradhArI mahAvIra ke zrAvaka hote the / isaliye bauddhagranthoM kA 'ekasATaka' nirgrantha bhI zvetavastradhArI jainazrAvaka hI hogA / parantu ve yaha to dekheM ki yahA~ para sAkSAt 'zrAvaka' zabda kA ullekha huA hai / yadi 'niggaMtha' zabda zrAvakavAcI hotA to yahA~ 'sAvaka' zabda ke

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra prayoga kI AvazyakatA hI kyoM hotI ? dUsare avadAta zabda kA artha bhI zveta nahIM, ujjvala athavA svaccha hotA hai / ujjvala zveta bhI ho sakatA hai aura anyavarNa bhI / aMgreja koI kevalI nahIM hai, jo unake kahane se avadAta kA artha zveta hI mAnA jAya aura anyavarNa na mAnA jAya / balihArI hai aise kaTTarapaMthI vidvAnoM kI jo apane pUrvabaddha vicAroM ke samarthana ke liye satya vastu kA galA ghoMTane meM aura asatya vastu ko mUrtimAna banAne meM tanika bhI nahIM hicakicAte / digambara lekhaka kahA karate haiM ki zvetAmbaramata pravartaka jinacandra ne apane AcaraNa ke anusAra naye zAstra banAye aura unameM strImukti aura kevalikavalAhAra aura mahAvIra kA garbhApahAra Adi nayI bAteM likhIM / isa AkSepa ke Upara hama zAstrArtha karanA nahIM cAhate, kyoMki strImukti aura kevalimukti kA niSedha pahale pahala digambarAcArya kundakunda ne hI kiyA hai jo ki vikrama kI chaThI sadI ke vidvAn granthakAra haiM / inake pahale ke kisI bhI granthakAra ne ina bAtoM kA niSedha nahIM kiyA / isaliye ina bAtoM kI prAmANikatA svayaM siddha hai / rahI garbhApahAra kI bAta, so yaha mAnyatA bhI lagabhaga do hajAra varSa se bhI prAcIna hai, aisA kathana DA0 harmana jekobI Adi vidvAnoM kA hai aura yaha kathana kevala aTakala hI nahIM; Thosa satya hai / isa para bhI isa viSaya meM jinako zaMkA ho ve mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIlA meM se nikale hue 'garbhApahAra' kA zilApaTTa dekha leM, jo ki Ajakala lakhanaU ke myUjiyama meM surakSita hai| prAcIna likhita kalpasUtroM meM jisa prakAra kA isa viSaya kA citra milatA hai ThIka usI prakAra kA dRzya ukta zilApaTTa para khudA huA hai / mAtA trizalA aura paMkhA jhalanevAlI dAsI ko avasvApinI nidrA meM sote hue aura hirana jaise mukhavAle harinaigameSI deva ko apane hastasaMpuTa meM mahAvIra ko lekara Urdhvamukha jAtA huA batAyA hai / (isa dRzya ke darzanArthI lakhanaU ke myUjiyama meM naM0 je0 626 vAlI zilA kI talAza kareM) /

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa isI prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIra kI 'AmalakI krIr3A' sambandhI vRttAntadarzaka tIna zilApaTTa kaMkAlI TIle meM se nikale haiM aura isa samaya mathurA ke myUjiyama meM surakSita haiM / ina para naM0 1046 epha 37 tathA 1115 haiM / uparyukta donoM prasaMgoM se sambandha rakhane vAle zilAlekha bhI vahA~ milate haiM / pAThakagaNa ko jJAta hogA ki mahAvIra kI 'AmalakI krIr3A' kA varNana bhI jaina zvetAmbara zAstroM meM hI milatA hai| digambaroM ke granthoM meM isakA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM hai| uparyukta donoM prasaMgoM ke prAcIna lekhoM aura citrapaTToM se yaha bAta nirvivAda siddha ho jAtI hai ki zvetAmbara jaina AgamoM meM varNita 'garbhApahAra' aura 'AmalakI krIr3A' kA vRttAnta do hajAra varSa se adhika prAcIna hai / isa prakAra zvetAmbara jaina zAstrokta vRttAntoM ke prAmANika siddha hone se una zAstroM kI prAmANikatA aura prAcInatA bhI svayaM siddha ho jAtI hai / zvetAmbara jaina saMgha ke mAnya kalpasUtra meM pustaka likhane ke samaya kI smRti meM vIranirvANa saMvat 980 aura 993 ke ullekha haiM aura isa sUtra kI 'therAvalI' meM bhagavAn devarddhigaNi taka kI guruparamparA kA varNana hai| ina do bAtoM ke AdhAra para digambara vidvAn kaha baiThate haiM ki kalpasUtra devaddhigaNi kI racanA hai, para ve yaha sunakara Azcarya kareMge ki isI kalpasUtra kI therAvalI meM varNita katipaya 'gaNa,' 'zAkhA' aura 'kuloM' kA nirdeza rAjA kaniSka ke samaya meM likhe gaye mathurA ke zilAlekhoM meM bhI milatA hai / pAThakoM ke avalokanArtha unameM se do eka lekhoM ko yahA~ uddhRta karate haiM / (1) "siddhaM / saM0 20 grAmA 1 / di10+5| koTiyato gaNato, vANiyato kulato, vairito zAkhAto, zirikAto, bhattito, vAcakasya, AryasaMghasiMhasya nirvarttanaM dattilasya...vi-lasya koTuMbikiya, jayavAlasya, devadAsasya, nAgadinasya ca nAgadinAye ca mAtuzrAvikAye dinAye dAnaM / i / barddhamAnapratimA' / " 1. yaha lekha kaniMgahAmakRta 'Arkolojikala sarve Apha iMDiyA' ke aMka AThaveM meM citra 13-14 meM prakaTa huA hai /

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra (2) "siddhaM mahArAjasya kaniSkasya rAjye saMvatsare navame // 9 // mAse pratha1 divase 5 asyAM pUrvAye koTiyato gaNato, vANiyato kulato, vairito sAkhAto, vAcakasya nAganaMdisanirvartanaM brahmadhUtuye bhaTimittassa kuTuMbiniye vikaTAye zrIvarddhamAnasya pratimA kAritA sarvasatvAnaM hita sukhAye / " 332 Upara ke donoM zilAlekhoM meM jina gaNa, zAkhA aura kula kA ullekha huA hai ve Arya suhasti ke paTTa ziSya suTThiyasuppar3ibuddha aparanAma koTikAkandaka se nikale the / dekho, 'kalpatherAvalI' kA nimnalikhita pATha "thererhito suTThiya- suppaDibuddherhito koDiya - kAkandaehiMto vagghAvaccasaguttehiMtoM ittha NaM koDiyagaNe nAmaM gaNe niggae / tassa NaM imAo cattAri sAhAo, cattAri kulAI evamAhijjaMti / se kiM taM sAhAo ? sAhAo evamAhijjaMti taM jahA uccAnAgArI 1 vijjAharI ya 2 vairI ya 3 majjhimillA ya 4 / koDiyagaNassa eyA, havaMti cattAri sAhAo ||1|| se taM sAhAo // se kiM taM kulAI ? kulAI evamAhijjaMti taM jahA - paDhamittha baMbhalijjaM 1, biiyaM nAmeNa batthalijjaM tu 2, taiyaM puNa vANijjaM 3, cautthayaM paNhavAhaNayaM 4 // 1 // ( kalpasUtra mUla de0 lA0 pA0 55) vicArakagaNa Upara diye hue lekhoM aura kalpasUtra ke gaNa, zAkhA aura kuloM kA milana kareM aura soceM ki jaina zvetAmbara - paramparA kitanI prAcIna honI cAhiye aura jisakI bAteM lagabhaga do hajAra varSa ke zilAlekhoM se satya pramANita hotI haiM, vaha kalpasUtra kitanA prAmANika honA cAhie / Upara hamane mathurA ke jina lekhoM aura citrapaTToM kA ullekha kiyA hai ve saba mathurA-kaMkAlI TIlA ke nIce dabe hue eka jaina stUpa meM se sarakArI zodhakhAtAvAloM ko upalabdha hue haiM / zvetAmbara paramparA ke Agamagrantha AcArAGga-niryukti meM tathA nizItha, bRhatkalpa aura vyavahAra sUtroM ke bhASyoM aura For Private Personal Use Only

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 333 cUNiyoM meM isa stUpa kA varNana milatA hai / ina granthoM ke racanAkAla meM yaha jainoM kA atyanta prasiddha aura priya tIrtha mAnA jAtA thA / cUrNikAroM ke samaya meM yaha 'devanirmita stUpa' ke nAma se prasiddha ho cukA thA / vyavahAra-cUrNi meM isakI utpatti-kathA bhI likhI milatI hai / isa stUpa meM se ukta lekhoM se bhI saikar3oM varSoM ke purAne anya aneka lekha, tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~, pUjApaTTaka, prAcIna paddhati kI agrAvatAra-vastravAlI jaina zramaNoM kI mUrtiyA~ aura anya aneka smAraka mile haiM, jo sabhI zvetAmbara paramparA ke haiM aura lakhanaU tathA mathurA ke sarakArI ajAyabagharoM meM saMrakSita haiM / ina ati prAcIna smArakoM meM digambaroM se sambandha rakhanevAlA koI padArtha athavA unake caturdaza pUrvadhara, dazapUrvadhara, ekAdazAMgadhara, aMgadhara yA unake bAda ke bhI kisI prAcIna AcArya kA nAma yA unake gaNa, gaccha yA saMgha kA kahIM nAmollekha taka nahIM hai / jaina zvetAmbaraparamparA kitanI prAcIna hai aura usake vartamAna Agama kaise prAmANika haiM isake nirNaya ke liye hamArA uparyukta thor3A sA vivecana hI paryApta hogA / Adhunika digambara jaina paramparA kI arvAcInatA hama Upara dekha Aye haiM ki digambara zivabhUti ne jo sampradAya calAyA thA vaha dakSiNa meM jAkara 'yApanIya saMgha' ke nAma se prasiddha ho gayA thA / yadyapi karnATaka deza meM isakA paryApta mAna aura pracAra thA tathApi vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga usake sAdhuoM meM kucha caityavAsa kA asara ho gayA thA aura ve rAjA vagairaha kI tarapha se bhUmidAna vagairaha lene laga gaye the / arvAcIna kundakunda jaise tyAgiyoM ko yaha zithilatA acchI nahIM lagI / unhoMne kevala sthUla parigraha kA hI nahIM balki aba taka isa sampradAya meM jo ApavAdika liGga ke nAma se vastrapAtra kI chUTa thI / usakA bhI virodha kiyA aura taba taka pramANa mAne jAne vAle zvetAmbara AgamagranthoM ko bhI ina uddhArakoM ne aprAmANika ThaharAyA aura unhIM AgamoM ke AdhAra para apanI tAtkAlika mAnyatA ke anusAra naye dhArmika granthoM kA nirmANa karanA zurU kiyA / kundakunda vagairaha jo prAkRta ke vidvAna the unhoMne prAkRta meM aura devanandI Adi saMskRta ke vidvAnoM ne saMskRta ke grantha nirmANa kara apanI

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334 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra paramparA ko parApekSatA se mukta karane kA udyoga kiyA' / yadyapi zurU hI zurU meM unheM pUrI saphalatA prApta nahIM huI / yApanIya saMgha kA adhika bhAga inake kriyoddhAra meM zAmila hI nahIM huA aura zAmila hone vAloM meM se bhI bahuta sA bhAga inakI saiddhAntika krAnti ke kAraNa viruddha ho gayA tathA dhIre dhIre digambara saMgha drAvir3a saMgha Adi kaI bhAgoM meM TUTa gayA thA, tathApi inakA udyoga niSphala nahIM gayA / inake grantha aura vicAra dhIre-dhIre vidvAnoM ke hRdaya meM ghara karate jAte the aura vikrama kI navIM sadI ke akalaMkadeva, vidyAnandI Adi diggaja digambara vidvAnoM ke dvArA tArkika paddhati se parimAjita hone ke uparAnta to ve aura bhI AkarSaka ho gaye / phalasvarUpa prAcIna siddhAntoM kA lopa aura ina naye granthoM kA sArvatrika prasAra ho gayA / isa prakAra Adhunika digambara sampradAya aura isake zvetAmbara virodhI siddhAntoM kI nIMva vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM AcArya kundakunda ne DAlI / hamAre ukta vicAroM kA vizeSa samarthana nIce kI bAtoM se hogA 1. kundakundAcArya ne apane kisI bhI grantha meM apanI guru-paraMparA kA hI nahIM apane guru kA bhI nAmollekha nahIM kiyaa| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki kundakunda ke kriyoddhAra meM unake guru bhI zAmila nahIM hue hoMge aura isI kAraNa se unhoMne zithilAcArI samajhakara apane guru praguruoM kA nAma nirdeza nahIM kiyA hogA / 2. karmaprakRti, prAbhRta aura kaSAyaprAbhRta jo ki digambara jaina sampradAya ke maulika siddhAnta grantha the / Aja kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hote, itanA hI nahIM, balki unakI prAcIna TIkAoM kA bhI Aja kahIM astitva nahIM rahA / isakA kAraNa kyA honA cAhiye ? kundakunda ke pahale ke anya grantha to raha jAya~ aura maulika siddhAnta jinakA yaha saMpradAya 'paramAgama' kahakara bahumAna karatA hai Aja na raheM / isakA avazya hI kAraNa honA cAhiye aura jahA~ taka hama samajhate haiM, isakA kAraNa ekAnta nagnavAditA Adi naye siddhAnta haiM / jaba taka kundakunda Adi ke ekAnta nagnatAvAda kA aura strImukti tathA kevalibhukti ke niSedhavAda kA sArvatrika pracAra nahIM huA thA taba taka una prAcIna siddhAntoM kA jinameM ina aikAntika vAdoM kA vidhAna na hogA--ina sampradAyavAloM ne anusaraNa aura saMrakSaNa kiyA aura jaba se kundakunda kA ekAntavAda sarvamAnya ho gayA taba se una prAcIna siddhAntoM kI upekSA kI gayI aura pariNAma svarUpa ve kAlAntara meM sadA ke liye naSTa ho gaye /

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 335 (1) paramparAgata zvetAmbara jaina Agama jo vikrama kI cauthI sadI meM mathurA aura valabhI aura chaTThI sadI ke prathama caraNa meM mAthura aura vAlabhya saMgha kI sammilita sabhA meM valabhI meM vyavasthita kiye aura likhe gaye haiN| unameM ke sthAnAGga tathA aupapAtika sUtra meM aura Avazyaka niyukti meM sAta nihnavoM ke nAma aura unake nagaroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jo mAtra sAdhAraNa viruddha mAnyatA ke kAraNa zramaNasaMgha se bAhara kiye gaye the / inameM antima nihnava goSThAmAhila hai jo vIra saMvat 584 (vikrama saMvat 114) meM saMgha se bahiSkRta huA thA / yadi vikrama kI caturtha zatAbdI taka bhI digambara paraMparA meM kevalikavalAhAra kA aura strI tathA vastradhArI kI mukti kA niSedha pracalita ho gayA hotA to unako nihnavoM kI zreNi meM darja na karane kA koI kAraNa nahIM thA; paraMtu aisA nahIM huA isase jAna par3atA hai ki vikrama kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI taka zvetAmbara-virodhI-siddhAnta-pratipAdaka vartamAna digaMbara paraMparA kA prAdurbhAva nahIM huA thA / (2) vikrama kI sAtavIM sadI ke pahale ke kisI bhI lekhapatra meM vartamAna digaMbara-paraMparA-saMmata zrutakevalI, dazapUrvadhara, aGgapAThI AcAryoM, gaNoM, gacchoM aura saMghoM kA nAmollekha nahIM milatA / (3) digaMbara-paraMparA ke pAsa eka bhI prAcIna paTTAvalI nahIM hai| isa samaya jo paTTAvaliyA~ usake pAsa vidyamAna haiM ve sabhI bArahavIM sadI ke pIche kI haiM aura unameM diyA huA prAcIna gurukrama bilakula avizvasanIya hai / balki yaha kahanA cAhiye ki mahAvIra-nirvANa ke bAda eka hajAra varSa taka kA ina paTTAvaliyoM meM jo AcAryakrama diyA huA hai vaha kevala kalpita hai / pA~ca caturdazapUrvadhara, dasa dazapUrvadhara, ekAdazAGgadhara, ekAMgapAThI, aMgaikadezapAThI Adi AcAryoM ke jo nAma, samaya aura krama likhA hai usakA mUlya dantakathA se adhika nahIM hai / inake viSaya meM paTTAvaliyA~ eka mata bhI nahIM haiN| zrutakevalI, dazapUrvadhara, ekAdazAGgadhara, aMgapAThI aura unake bAda ke bahuta samaya taka ke AcAryoM kA nAma-krama aura samaya-krama bilakula avyavasthita hai| kahIM kucha nAma likhe haiM aura kahIM kucha / samaya bhI kahIM kucha likhA hai aura kahIM kucha / kahIM bhI vyavasthita samaya yA nAmAvalI taka nahIM

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336 milatI / ina bAtoM para vicAra karane se yaha nizcaya ho jAtA hai ki digambara paTTAvalI - lekhakoM ne, vikrama kI pA~cavI chaThI sadI se pahale ke prAcIna AcAryoM kI jo paTTAvalI dI hai, vaha kevala dantakathA mAtra hai aura apanI paramparA kI jar3a ko mahAvIra taka le jAne kI cintA se arvAcIna AcAryoM ne idhara udhara ke nAmoM ko Age pIche karake apanI paramparA ke sAtha jor3a diyA hai / prasiddha digambara jaina vidvAn paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI prastAvanA meM likhate haiM- "digambara sampradAya meM aMgadhAriyoM ke bAda kI jitanI paramparAe~ upalabdha haiM, ve saba apUrNa haiM aura usa samaya saMgraha kI gaI haiM jaba mUlasaMgha Adi bheda ho cuke the aura vicchinna paramparAoM ko jAnane kA koI sAdhana na raha gayA thA / " parantu vastusthiti to yaha kahatI hai ki digambara - sampradAya meM mahAvIra ke bAda eka hajAra varSa paryanta kI jo paramparA ulabdha hai vaha bhI usa samaya saMgraha kI gaI thI jaba mUlasaMgha Adi bheda ho cuke the / kyoMki paTTAvalI-saMgrahakartAoM ke pAsa jaba apane nikaTavartI AcAryoM kI paramparA jAnane kA bhI sAdhana nahIM thA to unake bhI pUrvavartI aGgapAThI aura pUrvadharoM kI paramparA kA jAnanA to isase bhI kaThina thA, yaha nizcita hai / zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra 4. zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke dakSiNa meM jAne ke sambandha meM jo kathA digambara granthoM meM upalabdha hotI hai vaha vikramakI dasavIM sadI ke pIche kI hai / dakSiNa meM jAne vAle bhadrabAhu vikrama kI kaI zatAbdiyoM ke bAda ke AcArya the, yaha bAta zravaNa belagolA kI pArzvanAtha - vasti ke lagabhaga zaka saMvat 522 ke AsapAsa ke likhe hue eka zilAlekha se aura digambara sampradAya ke darzanasAra, bhAvasaMgraha Adi granthoM se siddha ho cukI hai / ataeva zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke nAte digambara sampradAya kI prAcInatA-viSayaka vidvAnoM ke abhiprAya nirmUla ho jAte haiM aura nizcita hotA hai ki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke vRttAnta se digambara sampradAya kA kucha bhI sambandha nahIM thA / digambara vidvAnoM ne jo jo bAteM unake nAma para car3hAI haiM vAstava meM una sabakA sambandha dvitIya jyotiSI bhadrabAhu ke sAtha hai / For Private Personal Use Only

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 337 5. bauddhoM ke prAcIna zAstroM meM nagna jaina sAdhuoM kA kahIM ullekha nahIM hai aura vizAkhAvatthu dhammapada aTThakathA, divyAvadAna Adi meM jahA~ nagna nirgranthoM kA ullekha milatA hai ve grantha usa samaya ke haiM jaba ki yApanIyasaMgha aura Adhunika sampradAya taka prakaTa ho cuke the / 'DAyologsa oNv buddha' nAmaka pustaka ke Upara se bauddha granthoM meM varNita kucha AcAra 'bhagavAn mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddha' nAmaka pustaka meM (pRSTha 61-65) diye gaye haiM, jinameM 'nagna' rahane aura hAtha meM khAne kA bhI ullekha hai / pustaka ke lekhaka bAbU kAmatAprasAda kI dRSTi meM ye AcAra prAcIna jaina sAdhuoM ke haiM; parantu vAstava meM yaha bAta nahIM hai / majjhimanikAya meM sApha-sApha likhA gayA hai ki ye AcAra AjIvaka saMgha ke nAyaka gozAlaka tathA unake mitra nandavaccha aura kissasaMkicca ke haiM jinakA buddha ke samakSa niggaMthazramaNa saccaka ne varNana kiyA thA / 6. digambaroM ke pAsa prAcIna sAhitya nahIM hai / inakA prAcIna se prAcIna sAhitya AcArya kundakunda ke grantha haiM jo ki vikrama kI chaThI sadI kI kRti hai / uparyukta eka-eka bAta aisI hai jo vartamAna digambara sampradAya ko arvAcInatA kI tarapha lAtI huI vikrama kI chaThI sadI taka pahu~cA detI hai / inake atirikta strI tathA zUdroM ko mukti ke liye ayogya mAnanA, jainoM ke sivA dUsaroM ke ghara jaina sAdhuoM ke lie AhAra lene kA niSedha, AhavanIyAdi agniyoM kI pUjA, sandhyA, tarpaNa, Acamana aura parigrahamAtra kA tyAga karane kA Agraha karate hue bhI kamaNDalu pramukha zaucopadhi kA svIkAra karanA Adi aisI bAteM haiM jo digambara saMpradAya ke paurANika kAlIna hone kI sAkSI detI haiM / 1. yativRSabha kI 'tiloya pannati', zivArya kI 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' Adi kucha graMtha kundakunda ke pUrva ke hone saMbhavata haiM, parantu yaha sAhitya itanA kama aura ekadezIya haiM ki isase digambara saMpradAya kA nirvAha honA kaThina hai / 2. strImukti kA spaSTa aura kaTTaratApUrNa virodha pahale pahala kundakunda ke hI granthoM meM dikhAI detA hai / zramaNa 22 For Private Personal Use Only

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra zvetAmbara jaina AgamoM meM jabaki pustakoM ko upadhi meM nahIM ginA aura unake rakhane meM prAyazcitta vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, taba nAma mAtra bhI parigraha na rakhane ke himAyatI digambara- granthakAra sAdhu ko pustakopadhi rakhane kI AjJA dete haiM / isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki sAdhuoM meM pustaka rakhane kA pracAra hone ke bAda yaha sampradAya vyavasthita huA hai / zvetAmbara jaina Agama aura digambara grantha 338 Upara kaI bAra yaha ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki digambara- sampradAya bhI pahale unhIM AgamoM ko pramANa mAnatA thA jinheM Ajataka zvetAmbara jaina mAnate Aye haiM; parantu chaThI zatAbdI se jabaki bahuta sI bAtoM meM antara par3a gayA aura khAsakara strImukti, kevalimukti aura savastramukti Adi bAtoM kI ekAnta niSedha-prarUpaNA ke bAda unhoMne ina AgamoM ko apramANika kaha kara chor3a diyA hai aura naI racanAoM se apanI paramparA ko vibhUSita kiyA / vartamAna AgamoM kI prAmANikatA aura maulikatA ke viSaya meM hama yahA~ kucha bhI nahIM likheMge, kyoMki hamAre pahale hI jaina AgamoM ke pragAr3ha abhyAsI DAkTara harmana jekobI jaise madhyastha yUropIya skAlaroM ne hI ina AgamoM ko vAstavika 'jainazruta' mAna liyA hai aura inhIM ke AdhAra se jaina dharma kI prAcInatA siddha karane meM ve saphala hue hai / isa bAta ko bAbU kAmatAprasAda jaina jaise digambara vidvAn bhI svIkAra karate haiM / ve 'bhagavAn mahAvIra' nAmaka apanI pustaka kI prastAvanA meM likhate haiM-" jarmanI ke DA0 jekobI sadRza vidvAnoM ne jaina zAstroM ko prApta kiyA aura unakA adhyayana karake unako sabhya saMsAra ke samakSa prakaTa bhI kiyA / ye zvetAmbarAmnAya ke aGga grantha haiM aura DA0 jekobI inhoMko vAstavika jaina zrutazAstra samajhate haiM / " hama yaha dAvA nahIM karate ki jainasUtra jisa rUpa meM mahAvIra ke mukha se nikale the usI rUpa meM Aja bhI haiM aura na hamAre pUrvAcAryoM ne hI yaha dAvA kiyA hai, balki unhoMne to kisa prakAra bhinna bhinna samayoM meM aMgasUtra vyasthita kiye aura likhe gaye yaha bhI spaSTa likha diyA hai / For Private Personal Use Only

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 339 guru-ziSya krama se Aye hue sUtroM kI bhASA aura zailI meM hajAra ATha sau varSa meM kucha bhI parivartana na ho yaha saMbhava bhI nahI hai / yadyapi sUtra meM prayukta prAkRta usa samaya kI sIdhI sAdI loka bhASA thI; parantu samaya ke pravAha ke sAtha hI usakI sugamatA ojhala hotI gaI aura use samajhane ke liye vyAkaraNoM kI AvazyakatA huI / prArambha meM vyAkaraNa tatkAlIna bhASAnugAmI bane, parantu pichale samaya meM jyoM-jyoM prAkRta kA svarUpa adhika mAtrA meM badalatA gayA tyoM-tyoM vyAkaraNoM ne bhI usakA anugamana kiyA / phala yaha huA ki hamArI sautra prAkRta para bhI usakA asara par3e binA nahIM rahA / yahI kAraNa hai ki kucha sUtroM kI bhASA nayI sI pratIta hotI hai / prAcIna sUtroM meM eka hI AlApaka, sUtra aura vAkya ko bAra bAra likha kara punarukti karane kA eka sAdhAraNa niyama sA thA / yaha usa samaya kI sarvamAnya zailI thI / vaidika, bauddha aura jaina usa samaya ke sabhI grantha isI zailI meM likhe hue haiM, parantu jaina AgamoM ke pustakArUDha hone ke samaya yaha zailI kucha aMzoM meM badala kara sUtra saMkSipta kara diye gaye aura jisa viSaya kI carcA eka sthala meM vyavasthita rUpa se ho cukI thI use anya sthala meM saMkSipta kara diyA gayA aura jijJAsuoM ke liye usI sthala meM sUcanA kara dI gaI ki yaha viSaya amuka sUtra athavA sthala meM dekha lenA / isake atirikta kucha aisI bhI bAteM jo usa samaya taka zAstrIya mAnI jAne lagI thIM, ucita sthAna meM yAdI ke taura para likha dI gaIM jo Ajataka usI rUpa meM dRSTigocara hotI haiM aura apane svarUpa se hI ve nayI pratIta hotI haiM / jaina sUtroM meM jo kucha parivartana huA hai usakI rUparekhA Upara mujaba hai / isake atirikta ina sUtroM meM kucha bhI raddobadala nahIM huA / digambarasaMgha ukta kAraNoM se hI ina AgamoM ko aprAmANika nahIM kaha sakatA thA / isaliye usane Agama-viSayaka kaI sAta nayI paribhASAe~ bA~dhI aura unake AdhAra para vartamAna AgamoM ko aprAmANika karAra diyA / udAharaNa ke taura para hama eka paribhASA kA yahA~ vivecana kareMge / prAcIna paddhati ke anusAra jainasUtroM kI 'pada' saMkhyA nizcita karake likha dI gayI hai / yaha 'pada' saMkhyA zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM sampradAyoM For Private Personal Use Only

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340 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra meM nIce mujaba bhinna bhinna haiM : zvetAmbara sammata padasaMkhyA 1. AcArAGgasUtra 18000 2. sUtrakRtAGga 36000 3. sthAnAGga 72000 4. samavAyAGga 144000 5. vyAkhyAprajJapti 288000 6. jJAtAdharmakathAGga 576000 7. upAsakadazAGga 1152000 8. aMtakRddazAGga 2304000 9. anuttaropapAtikadazAGga 4608000 10. praznavyAkaraNAGga 9216000 11. vipAkasUtrAGga 18432000 digambara sammata padasaMkhyA 18000 36000 42000 164000 228000 556000 1170000 2328000 9244000 9316000 18400000 jor3a=36846000 jor3a=41502000 hamane uparyukta zvetAmbarIya padasaMkhyA nandITIkAnusAra dI hai aura digambara padasaMkhyA gommaTasArAnusAra / donoM meM 4654000 padoM kA antara hai / digambaroM ne itane pada adhika mAne haiM, parantu donoM sampradAyoM meM khAsa vizeSatA to 'pada' kI vyAkhyA meM haiN| zvetAmbara TIkAkAra 'pada' kA artha 'artha bodhaka zabda' athavA 'jisake anta meM vibhakti ho vaha pada' yaha karate haiM, jo ki vyAvahArika hai; parantu digambarAcAryoM ne prastuta pada kI jo paribhASA bA~dhI hai, vaha ekadama alaukika hai / ve kahate haiM----'sUtroM kA pada' vaha kahalAtA hai, jisameM solaha sau cautIsa karor3a tirAsI lAkha sAta hajAra ATha sau aThAsI (16348307888) akSara hoM / ' gommaTasAra kI nimnalikhita gAthA dekhiye

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa " solaha saya cautIsA, koDI tiyasIdilakkhayaM caiva / sattasahassasayA, aTThAsIdIya padavaNNA // 1 // " isa hisAba se digambaroM ke eka hI zruta pada ke battIsa akSarAtmaka ikyAvana karor3a ATha lAkha caurAsI hajAra chaH sau aura sAr3he ikkIsa (510884621|| ) zloka hote haiN| kyA koI kahegA ki itane zloka vAlA eka zrutapada bhI par3hane ko koI manuSya samartha ho sakatA hogA ? kabhI nahIM / saca bAta to yaha hai ki ukta 'pada - paribhASA' eka nirI kalpanA hai aura vaha isaliye gar3hI gaI hai, ki zrutajJAna ko itanA bar3A samudra batAkara usake likhane kI azakyatA siddha kI jAya aura zvetAmbaroM se kaha diyA jAya ki 'tumane jo Agama likhe haiM, ve asalI nahIM haiM / asala Agama itane bar3e hote haiM ki unheM koI likha hI nahIM sakatA / ' parantu digambaroM kI isa lokottara kalpanA ko manuSyoM kI duniyA meM rahanevAlA to koI bhI vicAraka mAnane ko taiyAra nahIM hogA / eka yahI nahIM, aisI aneka nayI paribhASAoM kI sRSTi karake paramparAgata jaina AgamoM ko aprAmANika ThaharAne aura unapara se logoM kI zraddhA haTAne kI ceSTAe~ kI gaI haiM / 341 aba hama yaha dekheMge ki kabataka to digambara zAkhA ne jaina AgamoM ko mAnA aura kaba inako mAnane se inakAra kiyA / Upara kahA jA cukA hai ki digambara-sampradAya kA pUrvanAma 'yApanIya saMgha' thA, jo zvetAmbarIya - paramparA ke AcAra-vicAra kA anusaraNa karanevAlA aura katipaya jaina AgamoM ko bhI mAnanevAlA thA / parantu pichale digambarAcArya yApanIya-saMgha - viSayaka apanA pUrva sambandha bhUla gaye aura nagnatA ke samarthaka hote hue bhI zvetAmbarIya Agama aura AcAra vicAroM ke kAraNa use 'khaccara' taka kI upamA dene meM na sakucAye / dekhiye SaTprAbhRta kI TIkA meM zrutasAgara ke nimnoddhRta vAkya "yApanIyAstu vesarA ivobhayaM manyante, ratnatrayaM pUjayanti kalpaM ca vAcayanti, strINAM tadbhave mokSaM, kevalijinAnAM kavalAhAraM, parazAsane sagranthAnAM mokSaM ca kathayanti / " For Private Personal Use Only

Page #399
zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra I Upara ke ullekha meM yApanIyoM ko khaccara kI upamA dene meM zrutasAgarasUri ne jo aneka kAraNa batAye haiM unameM 'kalpavAcanA' bhI eka zvetAmbara - paramparA meM vArSika parva ke avasara para 'kalpavAcanA' kI rIti TheTha se calI AtI hai / yahI rIti yApanIyoM meM bhI thI / isase siddha hotA hai ki zivabhUti ne apanI nagnaparamparA avazya calAI thI, para unhoMne prAcIna AgamoM ko nahIM ThukarAyA thA / 342 bhagavatI ArAdhanA nAmaka eka prasiddha digambarIya paramparA ke grantha meM zvetAmbarIya niyuktiyoM tathA bhASyoM kI paccAsoM gAthAe~ Aja taka jyoM kI tyoM athavA nAma mAtra ke pheraphAra ke sAtha upalabdha hotI haiM / sthala saMkoca ke kAraNa ina saba gAthAoM kI yahA~ carcA karanA azakya hai / mAtra dRSTAnta ke taura para do eka gAthAoM ke viSaya meM yahA~ kucha likheMge / sys zvetAmbara mAnya kalpaniryukti kI dazakalpapratipAdikA nimnalikhita gAthA bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke 189 veM pRSTha para dRSTigocara hotI hai-- ""Acelakuddesiya, sejjA yara - rAya piMDa, 'pariyamme (kidikamme ) 'vadajeTTha 'paDikkamaNe, 'mAsaM pajjosavaNakappo // 427 // ukta gAthA meM 1 Acelakya, 2 auddezikapiMDa, 3 zayyAtarapiNDa, 4 rAjapiNDa, 5 kRtikarma (vandana), 6 mahAvrata, 7 jyaiSThya, 8 pratikramaNa, 9 mAsa aura 10 paryuSaNa, ina dasa kalpoM kA ullekha hai, jo zvetAmbara - sampradAya meM ati prasiddha haiM aura pUrvakAla meM digambara zAkhA meM bhI ye hI dasa kalpa pracalita hoMge / isa gAthA ke svIkAra se aisA mAlUma hotA hai / parantu pichale naye digambara sampradAya meM se ukta kalpoM meM se kucha kalpa lupta ho gaye haiM / yoM to inameM se bahuta se kalpoM kI vyAkhyA TIkAkAroM ne yathArtha nahIM kI; parantu naveM aura dasaveM kalpa kI to unhoMne kAyA hI palaTa dI hai / vidvAn pAThakoM ke avalokanArtha hama antima do kalpoM kI vasunandI zramaNAcArya kRta vyAkhyA nIce uddhRta karate haiM / "mAso yogagrahaNAt prAGmAsamAtramavasthAnaM kRtvA varSAkAle yogo grAhyastathA yogaM samApya mAsamAtramavasthAnaM kartavyaM lokasthitijJApanArthamahiMsAdivrataparipAlanArthaM ca For Private Personal Use Only

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 343 yogAtprAGmAsamAtrAvasthAnaM pazcAcca mAsamAtrAvasthAnaM zrAvakalokAdisaMklezapariharaNAya, athavA Rtau Rtau mAsamAtra sthAtavyaM mAsamAtraM ca viharaNaM kartavyaM iti mAsaH zramaNakalpo'thavA varSAkAle yogagrahaNaM catuSu caturSu mAseSu nandIzvarakaraNaM ca mAsazramaNakalpaH / pajjo-paryA paryupAsanaM niSadyakAyAH paMcakalyANasthAnAnAM ca sevanaM 'parye' tyucyate / zramaNasya zrAmaNyasya vA kalpo-vikalpaH zramaNa-kalpaH / (mUlAcAra bhA0 2 pR0 104-105) TIkAkAra mAsakalpa ke tIna artha lagAte haiM, aura ve bhI 'athavA' kaha kara pUrva pUrva ko radda karake / pahale kahate haiM-'cAturmAsya ke pahale eka mAsa jahA~ raheM vahIM varSAcAturmAsya karanA aura cAturmAsya ke bAda phira mAsa bhara vahIM rahanA usakA nAma mAsakalpa hai / ' isa artha para nirbhara na rahate hue ve 'athavA' kahakara phira kahate haiM-'eka-eka Rtu meM eka-eka mAsa ThaharanA aura eka-eka mAsa vihAra karanA yaha mAsakalpa hai|' parantu isa artha para bhI unako pUrA vizvAsa nahIM AtA aura tIsarA artha lagAte hue kahate haiM--'cAra-cAra mAsa meM yogagrahaNa aura nandIzvara karanA mAsakalpa hai / ' kitanI anizcita aura asaMgata vyAkhyA hai ? kyA koI kaha sakatA hai ki cha: mAsa taka eka sthAna para rahanA 'mAsakalpa' kahA jA sakatA hai ? athavA cAra mAsa meM hone vAlI koI kriyA 'mAsakalpa' kA nAma pA sakatI hai ? aba 'pajjosavaNakappo' zabda kI hAlata suniye / TIkAkAra 'pajjo' zabda ko alaga karake usakA saMskRta 'paryA' banAte haiM aura usakI vyAkhyA karate haiM 'paryupAsanA'; parantu unheM yaha to socanA thA ki 'pajjo' kA saMskRta 'paryaH' banegA yA 'paryA'; phira paryA zabda kI siddhi meM aura usakA 'paryupAsanA' artha karane meM kisI koSa yA vyAkaraNa kA bhI AdhAra hai yA nahIM ? parantu isakI kyA kaheM, 'kalpa' kA bhI artha ve 'vikalpa' karate haiM, jisakA ki yahA~ koI prasaMga nahIM / ina bAtoM se kyA unhoMne apanI sthiti spaSTa nahIM kara dI hai ki ina paribhASAoM ko samajhane ke liye unake pAsa

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344 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra koI paramparAgata AmnAya nahIM hai ? hama dekha Aye haiM ki zivabhUti ke samaya meM hI kitane hI guruAmnAyoM se yaha zAkhA vaMcita ho cukI thI aura zeSa jo AcAra-vicAra aura AmnAya pracalita the unameM se bhI bahuta se yApanIya saMgha se alaga hote samaya chUTa gaye / phalataH zvetAmbara-sAhitya se lI huI kaI gAthAoM kA ve vAstavika artha nahIM pA sake aura kalpanAbala se naye naye artha lagAte hue prAcIna sthavira-paramparA se bahuta dUra nikala gaye / aba hama eka anya gAthA kA ullekha kareMge jo bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM (pRSTha 392) dRSTigocara hotI hai, para vAstava meM zvetAmbarIya zAkhA ke bRhatkalpabhASya kI hai "desAmAsiyasuttaM, AcelakaM ti taM khu Thidikappe / luttottha Adisaddo, jaha tAlapalaMbasuttammi // 1123 // " isa gAthA ke caturtha caraNa meM prayukta, tAlaprabaMdha sUtra ke nAmollekha se yaha bAta nirvivAda siddha ho jAtI hai ki yaha gAthA zvetAmbarIya hai, kyoMki isameM jisa tAlaprabaMdha sUtra kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai vaha zvetAmbarIya 'bRhatkalpa' kA prathama sUtra hai aura Ajataka upalabdha hotA hai / __isI bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM eka 'jahaNA' nAmaka adhikAra hai jisameM sAdhu ke mRta zarIra ko tyAgane kI vidhi hai / yaha sArA kA sArA adhikAra zvetAmbarIya Avazyakaniyuktyantargata 'pAriThAvaNiyAvidhi' kI mUlagAthAoM aura prAkRtacUNi ke AdhAra para se kucha pheraphAra ke sAtha saMkalita kiyA gayA hai, tathApi guru sampradAya na hone ke kAraNa digambarAcArya kahIM kahIM niyuktigata gAthAoM kA bhAva nahIM samajha sake / pAThakoM ke manovinodArtha hama eka do gAthAoM kI yahA~ carcA kareMge / pAriThAvaNiyAvidhikAra vidhAna karate haiM, "jahA~ sAdhu kA zava paraThanA (chor3anA) ho vahA~ kuza kA saMthArA (pathArI) karanA cAhiye / kuza ke abhAva meM 'cUrNa' athavA 'kesara' se usa sthAna meM 'kakAra' karanA aura usake nIce 'takAra' bA~dhanA / " isa viSaya kA pratipAdana karanevAlI gAthAyeM nIce mujaba haiM

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345 jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa "kusamuTThIegAe, avvocchiNNAi tattha dhArAe / saMthAraM saMtharejjA, savvattha samo u kAyavvo // 48 // jattha ya natthi taNAI, cuNNehiM tattha kesarahiM vA / kAyavvo'ttha kakAro, heTa takAraM ca baMdhejjA // 51 // " (Avazyaka sUtra pR0 635) ye hI gAthAe~ kucha pheraphAra ke sAtha bhagavatI-ArAdhanA meM nIce mujaba upalabdha hotI haiM "teNa kusamuTThidhArAe, avvocchiNNAe, samaNivAdAe / saMthAro kAdavvo, savvattha samo sagi tattha // 1980 // (bha0 A0 635) asadi taNe cuNNehi va, kesaricchAriTThikAdicuNNehiM / kAdavvo tha kakAro, uvare hiTThA takAro se // 1988 // (bhagavatI-ArAdhanA 637) inameM pAriThAvaNiyA-vidhikAra 'kakAra' karanA aura usake nIce 'takAra' bA~dhanA kahate haiM, jisakA tAtparya yaha hai ki vahA~ para vAsacUrNa athavA kesara se 'putalA' karanA cAhiye / mauryakAla meM 'ka' aura 'ta' kA saMyoga '' isa prakAra puttalaka ke rUpa meM hotA thA / putalA banAnA aisI spaSTokti na kara isa prakAra anyokti meM puttalaka-vidhAna kiyA / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki puttalaka banAnA zilpI yA hoziyAra manuSya kA kAma hai| hara eka sAdhu isa kAma meM hoziyAra nahIM hotA / parantu saMyukta ' likhanA sabhI jAnate the isaliye 'ka' ke nIce 'ta' bA~dhane ke kathana dvArA 'puttalaka' nirmANa kA bhAva batAne meM granthakAra ne bar3I buddhimAnI kI hai / isa ukti kA bhAva bhagavatI-ArAdhanAkAra kI samajha meM nahIM AyA kyoMki ve vikrama kI pA~cavIM chaThI sadI ke granthakAra the aura 'ka' aura 'ta' kA saMyoga vikrama kI dUsarI sadI ke pahale hI apanA 'puttalaka' AkAra badala cukA thA / ataeva unhoMne prakaraNa aura zabdoM ko badalakara artha meM aspaSTatA utpanna kara dI hai| ukta gAthA meM 'takAra-kakAra' ke saMyoga se puttalaka kA vidhAna

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346 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra pratipAdana karane se pAriThAvaNiyAvidhikAra zvetAmbarasthavira kI prAcInatA kA bhI patA cala jAtA hai ki ve vikrama kI dUsarI sadI ke pahale ke AcArya the / __bhagavatI-ArAdhanAkAra kI arvAcInatA unhIM ke kathana se siddha hai / prastuta grantha meM unhoMne aneka sthaloM meM 'gaccha' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai jo ki vikrama kI pA~cavIM sadI ke bAda kA 'gaNa' kA sthAnApanna zabda hai / isI bhagavatI-ArAdhanA meM sAdhu yA AryA kA mRta zarIra uThAne ke liye pAlakI (rathI) banAne kA vidhAna kiyA hai jo ki vasativAsa hone ke bahuta pIche kI rUDhi hai / isake atirikta anya kaI zabda aura paribhASAe~ isameM milatI haiM jo saba zvetAmbaroM kI haiM / digambarIya sAhitya meM unakA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM milatA / digambara sampradAya ke vidyamAna prAcIna granthoM meM vaTTakerAcAryakRta 'mUlAcAra' bhI eka hai / yadyapi isa grantha kA racanAkAla nizcita nahIM hai tathApi saMgraha grantha hone ke kAraNa isakA samaya nirNIta karanA kaThina nahIM hai| isa mUlAcAra ke paMcAcArAdhikAra meM kula 222 gAthAe~ haiM jinameM 60 gAthAe~ akSarazaH bhagavatI-ArAdhanA kI haiM / kucha zvetAmbara AgamoM kI aura kucha granthakAra kI svanirmita haiM / 'samAcArAdhikAra' meM kucha gAthAe~ bhagavatI-ArAdhanA kI, kucha zvetAmbarIya Avazyakaniyukti kI aura kucha svanirmita haiM / 'piNDavizuddhyadhikAra' meM maulika gAthAe~ zvetAmbarIya piNDaniyukti kI hI haiM / hA~, kahIM-kahIM unakI vyAkhyA apane sampradAyAnusAra avazya badala dI gaI hai| 'paryAptyadhikAra' meM kahIM-kahIM Avazyakaniyukti kI gAthAe~ dRSTigocara hotI haiM / donoM 'pratyAkhyAnasaMstArastavAdhikAroM' meM zvetAmbarIya 'painnoM' kI aneka gAthAe~ jyoM kI tyoM saMgraha kI gaI haiM / __ 'samayasArAdhikAra' meM Avazyakaniyukti aura dazavaikAlikasUtra kI gAthAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM /

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 347 mUlAcAra kA SaDAvazyakAdhikAra zvetAmbarIya Avazyakaniyukti kA hI saMkSipta saMgraha hai / isameM kula 193 gAthAe~ haiM jinameM se 77 gAthAe~ Avazyakaniyukti kI haiM aura 8 AvazyakabhASya kI / inameM 15-20 gAthAe~ kucha vikRta kara dI gaI haiM aura jahA~ sAmpradAyika matabheda thA vahA~ gAthA ko apanI mAnyatA ke anukUla banA diyA hai| zeSa gAthAe~ Avazyakaniyukti aura bhASya kA saMkSipta sAra lekara svataMtra nirmANa kI gaI haiM / parantu sAmAnyarUpa se ina saba para zaurasenI kA asara DAlane ke liye 'ta' ke sthAna para 'da' avazya banA diyA gayA hai / mUlAcAra kI racanA huI usake bahuta pahale hI jaina Agama likhe jA cuke the isalie granthakAra ko katipaya zvetAmbara Agama to mila gaye para paramparAgata arthAmnAya nahIM milA / isa kAraNa kaI prakaraNa aura paribhASAe~ kalpanAbala se samajhane kI ceSTA karanI par3I jisameM kaI jagaha ve saphala nahIM hue / udAharaNa ke taura para 'sAmAcArI' prakaraNa ko hI liijiye| prAcIna zabda 'sAmAcArI' kA vAstavika artha na samajhane ke kAraNa usake sthAna para vaTTakera ne 'sAmAcAra' zabda gar3hA aura usake pratipAdana ke lie kucha pheraphAra ke sAtha nimnalikhita Avazyakaniyukti kI gAthAyeM likha dI "icchAmicchAkAro, tadhAkAro ya AsiA NisihI / ApucchA paDipucchA, chaMdaNa sanimaMtaNA ya uvasaMpA // 125 // iTe icchAkAro, micchAkAro taheva avarAhe / paDisuNaNajhi tahatti ya, NiggamaNe AsiA bhaNiA // 126 // pavisaMte ya NisIhI, ApucchaNiyA sakajja Arambhe / sAdhammiNA ya guruNA, puvvaNisiddhaMmi paDipucchA // 127 // chaMdaNa gahide davve agahidadavve NimaMtaNA bhaNiyA / tuhmamahaM ti gurukule, AdaNisaggo du uvasaMpA // 128 / / isameM 125vIM gAthA Avazyakaniyukti kI 666vIM gAthA aura 667 vI gAthA ke prathamacaraNa kA saMkSepa hai aura bAda kI 126-127-128 ina tIna

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348 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra vivaraNa gAthAoM meM kucha meM to Avazyakaniyukti kA anusaraNa hai aura kucha meM svataMtratA hai / svataMtratA Ane kA kAraNa kucha to sAMpradAyikatA aura kucha AmnAyAnabhijJatA huI hai / / sAmAcArI ke pahale bheda 'icchAkAra' kA pAribhASika artha yaha hai ki sAdhu apanA kucha bhI kArya anya sAdhu ko kahe to 'icchAkAreNa (icchA se arthAt tumhArI icchA ho to) amuka kArya karo' isa prakAra zabda prayoga kare; para Adeza ke rUpa meM kisI ko hukma na kare / AcArya vaTTakera yA to isa bhAva ko samajha hI nahIM pAye aura agara samajhe haiM to jAna bUjhakara unhoMne isakA artha badala diyA hai| kyoMki nagna, karapAtra aura niSpratikarma sAdhu ke liye aisA koI kArya hI nahIM hotA jo anya sAdhu se karavAyA jAya / isa vicAra se unhoMne 'icchAkAra' kA artha kiyA 'iDhe icchAkAro' arthAt iSTa kA kArya karane kI icchA karanA, parantu yaha nahIM socA ki-'icchA karanA' yaha sAmAcArI yA sAmAcAra kaise ho sakegA ? zubha kArya karane kI icchA karanA yaha jIvamAtra kA kartavya hai| aise sarvasAdhAraNa mAnasika vicAramAtra ko 'sAdhu sAmAcAra' kahanA kucha bhI artha nahIM rakhatA / isI prakAra 'AvasiyA' zabda ko bigAr3a kara 'AsiA' banA diyA hai jisake artha kI kucha bhI saMgati nahIM hotI / 'chaMdaNa' aura 'nimantaNA' kA artha mUlagAthA meM bilakula aspaSTa hai / 'chaMdaNa gahide davve agahidadavve NimaMtaNA' ye mUla gAthA ke zabda haiM / jinakA zabdArtha grahaNa kiye hue dravya meM chaMdanA aura agRhIta dravya meM nimaMtraNA' hotA hai; parantu ina zabdoM se kucha bhI viziSTa artha nahIM nikalatA / hA~, isa viSaya kA Age jAkara kucha spaSTIkaraNa avazya kiyA hai para vahA~ bhI artha saMgati nahIM hotI / sAmAnya rIti se donoM paribhASAoM kA artha bigAr3a diyA hai, para 'nimantraNA' kI to aura bhI miTTI palIda kara dI hai / isa pada kI nimnoddhRta vivaraNa gAthA dekhiye "guru sAhammiyadavvaM, putthayamaNNaM ca geNhidaM icche / tesiM viNayeNa puNo, NimaMtaNA hoI kAyavvA // 138 / / (pRSTha 122)

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 349 arthAt "guru aura sAdharmika sambandhI pustaka athavA anya koI padArtha grahaNa karanA cAhe to unako vinayapUrvaka nimantraNa karanA cAhiye / " dekhiye, kaisI arthasaMgati bigar3a gaI hai ? 'nimaMtraNA' kucha bhI padArtha dene ke liye pahale kI jAnevAlI prArthanA kA nAma hai na ki 'yAcanA' kA / TIkAkAra ne nimantraNA kA artha 'yAcanA' karake artha saMgati karane kI ceSTA kI hai para nimantraNA zabda kA aisA artha karanA kucha bhI prAmANikatA nahIM rakhatA / AhAra- pAnI Adi zramaNopayogI padArtha lAkara 'isameM se icchA ho so lIjiye, isa prakAra anya sAdhu kI prArthanA karanA usako chaMdanA kahate haiM aura AhAra- pAnI Adi lene jAte samaya 'Apake liye maiM lAU~gA' isa prakAra anya sAdhu ko nyotA denA usakA nAma hai 'nimantraNA' / parantu digambarAcArya ina paribhASAoM kA bhAva nahIM samajha sake aura kalpanAbala se jo kucha artha sUjhA vahI likha diyA / zvetAmbara AgamoM meM oghasAmAcArI, dazavidhasAmAcArI aura padavibhAgasAmAcArI, aise sAmAcArI ke tIna bheda kahe haiM / oghaniyukti meM jisa sAmAcArI kA nirUpaNa hai vaha oghasAmAcArI, icchAmicchA Adi dazavidhasAmAcArI ( isako 'cakravAla sAmAcArI bhI kahate haiM) aura kalpavyavahArAdi cheda sUtrokta AcAra ko padavibhAgasAmAcArI kahate haiM / yadyapi vaTTakera ke pAsa Avazyakaniyukti vidyamAna thI aura usameM 'trividha sAmAcArI' kA ullekha bhI thA, tathApi vahA~ dasavidhasAmAcArI ke atirikta anya sAmAcAriyoM kA kucha bhI varNana nahIM thA / isa kAraNa dazavidha sAmAcArI ke nAma nirdeza ke bAda Aye hue niyuktikAra ke "eesiM tu payANaM patteyarUvaNaM vocchaM" ( ina pratyeka padoM kA nirUpaNa karU~gA) isa 'pratyeka pada' zabda prayoga se unhoMne inhIM dasa padoM ke vivaraNa ko 'padavibhAga sAmAcArI' mAnaliyA; parantu phira bhI sAmAcArI ke tIna bheda pUre nahIM hue taba trividha sAmAcArI ke sthAna para do hI prakAra kA sAmAcAra mAnakara raha gaye / isa prakAra prakaraNoM kI apUrNatA, paribhASAoM kI anabhijJatA aura artha kI asaMgatiyoM kA vicAra karane se yaha bAta lagabhaga nizcita ho jAtI For Private Personal Use Only

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350 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra hai ki digambara AcArya ne dasavidhasAmAcArI kI maulika bAteM zvetAmbara-zAkhA kI Avazyakaniyukti meM se lI haiM aura usakI vyAkhyA karate samaya artha badalane kI ceSTA kI hai jisameM ve saphala nahIM hue / Upara ke saMkSipta vivaraNa se jJAta ho jAyagA ki mUlAcAra kI racanA dazavaikAlika, mahApaccakkhANAdi painnaya, Avazyaka niyukti aura AvazyakabhASyAdi aneka zvetAmbara-sampradAya ke Agama aura bhagavatI ArAdhanAdi katipaya digambara sampradAya ke granthoM ke AdhAra para vikrama kI sAtavIM sadI ke AsapAsa meM huI hai / / Upara hamane digambara sampradAya ke jina do prAcIna granthoM kI jo mImAMsA kI hai usase tIna bAteM spaSTa hotI haiM (1) vikrama kI pA~cavIM sadI taka digambara sampradAya bhI bahudhA zvetAmbara AgamoM ko hI mAnatA thA / (2) prArambha meM digambara-granthakAra apanI racanA meM mukhya AdhAra zvetAmbara jainAgamoM kA hI lete the / (3) paramparAgata katipaya Agamika paribhASAoM kA patA na lagane ke kAraNa kahIM-kahIM digambara granthakAra apanI kalpanA se kAma lete the| jisake phalasvarUpa ve kaI bAtoM meM zvetAmbara sampradAya se alaga ho gaye / yahA~ prazna ho sakatA hai ki 'digambarAcArya zvetAmbara paramparAgata AgamoM kA Azraya lete the' yaha kahane ke badale yahI kyoM na kahA jAya ki digambara granthoM meM jo zvetAmbara granthokta gAthAe~ dRSTigocara hotI haiM, ve vAstava meM aise AgamoM kI hoMgI jo zvetAmbara aura digambaroM ke pRthak hone ke pahale ke hoMge aura donoM sampradAyoM meM paramparA se cale Aye hoMge / ThIka hai, yaha kathana dazavaikAlika aura Avazyakaniyukti ke sambandha meM kisI taraha mAna liyA jA sakatA hai; para cheda, bhASyoM aura AvazyakabhASya kI gAthAoM ke viSaya meM kyA samAdhAna kiyA jAyagA ? kyoMki bhASya sAmpradAyika pRthaktva ke bahuta pIche ke haiM / jinakA zivArya aura vaTTakera

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 351 ne upayoga kiyA hai / vastutaH ukta granthoM ke nirmANa-samaya meM digambarasaMpradAya ke pAsa paramparAgata dazavaikAlika aura niyukti Adi granthoM kA bhI astitva rahanA sambhava nahIM hai / kyoMki digambarIya sampradAya meM ina granthakAroM ke bahuta pahale hI aMga aura prakIrNakoM kA viccheda ho cukA thA / zivArya pUrvAcAryoM kI racanAoM kA upajIvana karake bhagavatIArAdhanA kI racanA karane kI bAta kahate haiM aura vaTTakera bhI sAmAyikaniyukti ko AcArya-paramparAgata batAte haiM / phira bhI isase yaha mAna lenA kucha bhI pramANa nahIM rakhatA ki ye grantha digambarIya hoNge| kyoMki digambaroM meM na to zivArya ke pahale kA koI ArAdhanA grantha hI hai aura na vaTTakera ke pahale kI SaDAvazyakaniyukti hI / isake viparIta zvetAmbara-paramparA meM 'mahApaccakkhANa' Adi aneka ati prAcIna ArAdhanAviSayaka 'painnaya' grantha aura dazavaikAlika Avazyakaniyukti Adi prAcIna Agama Aja bhI maujUda haiN| isase yaha mAnanA hI yuktisaMgata hai ki digambara granthakAra jinakA upayoga karanA svIkAra karate haiM ve grantha zvetAmbara paramparA ke the / digambara granthoM ke likhane kI kathA jisa prakAra zvetAmbara paramparA meM mathurA aura valabhI meM Agama pustakArUDha hone sambandhI vRttAnta upalabdha hotA hai / usI prakAra digambaroM meM bhI puNDravardhana nagara meM pustaka likhane sambandhI eka kathA hai jo zrutAvatAra kathA ke nAma se prasiddha hai / yadyapi yaha kathA adhika prAcIna nahIM hai tathApi isameM AMzika satyatA avazya honI cAhiye / cInI parivrAjaka huenatsAMga jaba puNDravardhana meM gayA thA to usane vahA~ para nagna sAdhu sabase adhika dekhe the / isase bhI anumAna hotA hai ki usa samaya athavA to usake kucha pahale vahA~ digambara saMgha kA sammelana huA hogA / yadyapi koI-koI digambara vidvAn ukta sammelana ko kundakundAcArya ke pahale huA batAte haiM; parantu digambarIya paTTAvaliyoM kI gaNanAnusAra yaha prasaMga kundakunda ke bahuta pIche banA thA ! paTTAvaliyoM meM kundakunda se lohAcArya paryanta ke sAta AcAryoM kA paTTAkAla nimnalikhita krama se milatA hai

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352 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra 1. kundakundAcArya 515-519 2. ahibalyAcArya 520-565 3. mAghanandyAcArya 566-593 4. dharasenAcArya 594--614 5. puSpadantAcArya 615-633 6. bhUtabalyAcArya 634-663 7. lohAcArya 664-687 paTTAvalIkAra ukta varSoM ko vIranirvANa sambandhI samajhate haiM; parantu vAstava meM ye varSa vikramIya hone cAhiye, kyoMki digambaraparamparA meM vikrama kI bArahavIM sadI taka bahudhA zaka aura vikrama saMvat likhane kA hI pracAra thA / prAcIna digambarAcAryoM ne kahIM bhI prAcIna ghaTanAoM kA ullekha vIra saMvat ke sAtha kiyA ho yaha hamAre dekhane meM nahIM AyA to phira yaha kaise mAna liyA jAya ki ukta AcAryoM kA samaya likhane meM unhoMne vIra saMvat kA upayoga kiyA hogA ? jAna par3atA hai, ki sAmAnyarUpa meM likhe hue vikrama varSoM ko pichale paTTAvalI lekhakoM ne nirvANAbda mAna kara dhokhA khAyA hai aura isa bhramapUrNa mAnyatA ko yathArtha mAna kara pichale itihAsa-vicAraka bhI vAstavika itihAsa ko bigAr3a baiThe haiM / ___yadi hama paTTAvaliyoM meM likhe hue paTTakrama ko ThIka na mAna kara zrutAvatAra meM diye hue zrutadhara-krama ko ThIka mAna leM to bhI kundakunda bahuta pIche ke AcArya siddha hoMge / kyoMki zrutAvatAra ke lekhAnusAra ArAtIya muniyoM ke bAda arhadvali AcArya hue the / ArAtIya muni vIra nirvANa se 683 (vikrama saMvat 213) taka vidyamAna the / isake bAda kramazaH arhadvali, mAghanandI, dharasena, puSpadanta, bhUtabali nAmaka AcArya hue / puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ne SaTkhaNDAgama sUtra kI racanA kI / udhara guNadhara muni ne nAgahastI aura AryamaMkSu ko kaSAyaprAbhRta kA saMkSepa par3hAyA / unase yativRSabha ne aura yativRSabha se uccAraNAcArya ne kaSAyaprAbhRta sIkhA aura guru paraMparA se donoM prakAra kA siddhAnta padmanandi (kundakunda) taka pahu~cA / zrutAvatAra ke uparyukta

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jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 353 kathana se bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki aMga jJAna kI pravRtti jo vIra saM0 683 (vikrama saM0 213) taka calI thI usake bAda aneka AcAryoM ke pIche kundakunda hue the / __ hamAre isa vivecana se vicArakagaNa samajha sakeMge ki kundakundAcArya vikrama kI chaThI sadI ke prathama caraNa meM svargavAsI hue the aura unake bAda vikrama kI sAtavIM sadI ke madhya bhAga meM digambara grantha pustakoM para likha kara vyavasthita kiye gaye the / _ina saba bAtoM ke vicAra ke uparAnta yaha kahane meM hameM kucha bhI saMkoca nahIM hotA ki digambara sampradAya ke jo-jo AcAra-vicAra viSayaka maulika' grantha haiM ve zvetAmbara AgamoM ke AdhAra para bane haiM aura digambaroM ke 1. digambara-saMpradAya kI zrutAvatAra kathAoM meM karmaprakRtiprAbhRta aura kaSAyaprAbhRta granthoM ke nirmANa kA jo vRttAnta diyA hai| usase bhI hameM to yahI pratIta hotA hai ki ina granthoM ke kramazaH jJAtA dharasena aura guNadharamuni prAcIna sthavira (zvetAmbara) paramparA ke sthavira honA cAhiye, kyoMki dharasena kA nivAsa giranAra ke pAsa batAyA hai jahA~ ki usa samaya zvetAmbara paramparA ke AcArya hI vicarate the / guNadharamuni ke nAgahastI aura AryamaMkSu ke kaSAyaprAbhRta sIkhane sambandhI vRttAnta bhI vicAraNIya haiM, kyoMki zvetAmbara-paramparA meM hI nAgahastI aura AryamaMgu nAmaka donoM AcAryoM kA patA milatA hai, digambara paramparA meM nahIM / aura khAsa dhyAna dene yogya bAta to yaha hai ki digambara-saMpradAya jina dharasena aura guNadhara muni se apane AgamoM kI utpatti huI batAtA hai, unake viSaya meM vaha kucha bhI jAnakArI nahIM rakhatA / zrutAvatAra meM indranandI kahate haiM-'dharasena aura guNadhara guru ke vaMza kA pUrvApara kama hama nahIM jAnate, kyoMki unakA krama kahanevAlA koI Agama yA muni nahIM hai / ' kyA Azcarya hai ki ye donoM zrutadhara zvetAmbara paramparA ke hoM aura isI kAraNa se digambara-paramparA ko inake viSaya meM adhika jAnakArI na milI ho / eka bAta aura hai / digambaroM kI mAnyatAnusAra unake dhArmika graMthoM kA AdhAra dharasenAcArya kA 'karmaprabhRtiprAbhRta' aura guNadharamuni kA 'kaSAyaprAbhRta' hai / inhIM do granthoM kI TIkA cUrNiyoM se unakA dhArmika sAhitya panapA hai / parantu dekhanA yaha hai ki 'karmaprakRtiprAbhRta' eka choTA sA karmaviSayaka nibaMdha thA / jise puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ne kucha dinoM meM hI dharasena se par3ha liyA thA aura kaSAyaprAbhRta bhI eka sau tirAsI gAthAtmaka mUla aura tirepana gAthA pramANa usa para vivaraNa thA, to ina do choTe se prAcIna nibandhoM se digambaroM kA dhArmika sAhitya itanA vistRta kaise huA ? aura sirpha 'karma' aura 'kaSAya' zramaNa - 23

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354 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dArzanika sAhitya kI jar3a bhI zvetAmbarAcArya vAcaka umAsvAti kRta sabhASya tattvArthasUtra hI hai yaha kahane kI zAyada hI AvazyakatA hogI / upasaMhAra zvetAmbara aura digambara jaina paramparAoM ke viSaya meM jitanA cAhe likhA jA sakatA hai / kyoMki ye donoM hI paramparAe~ aba taka dRDhamUla haiM aura apanI kRtiyoM se saMsAra ko prabhAvita kara rahI haiM / tathApi grantha ke eka pariccheda meM isase adhika likhanA ucita nahIM jhuMcatA / __ yoM to isa viSaya meM aneka prAcIna aura Adhunika vidvAn likha cuke haiM tathApi Aja taka una lekhoM se ina paramparAoM kI vAstavikatA prakaTa nahIM huI thI / hamane yahA~ jo itanA vistAra kiyA hai khAsa isI truTi ko dUra karane ke liye / digambara vidvAn kahA karate haiM ki 'sthavirakalpa' nAmaka 'kalpa' pichale samaya meM zvetAmbaroM dvArA gar3hA gayA hai; parantu isa lekha se ve jAna sakeMge ki 'sthavirakalpa' kI mAnyatA prAcIna digambarAcAryoM meM bhI thI / jinakalpadhAraka sAdhu prathama saMhananavAlA aura viziSTa zrutadhara honA cAhie, aisI kevala zvetAmbaroM kI hI mAnyatA na thI, balki digambarAcArya bhI yahI mAnate the ki jinakalpika prathama saMhananadhArI aura ekAdazAGga zrutadhArI honA cAhiye / ina mAnyatAoM ke Upara se yaha nizcita ho jAtA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda thor3e hI samaya meM prathama saMhanana ke sAtha 'jinakalpa' kA viccheda ho gayA thA, jaisA ki zvetAmbara paramparAvAle mAnate haiM / usa samaya ke bAda jitane bhI digambara-zvetAmbara sAdhu hue saba sthavirakalpika the / jinakalpika aura sthavirakalpikoM ke AcAramArga kA jaisA pRthakkaraNa ke pratipAdaka ina do granthoM ke AdhAra para sarva viSayaka dhArmika sAhitya kaise racA gayA ? hama samajhate haiM ki hamAre samAnadharmiyoM ne apane dhArmika graMthoM ke nirmANa meM zvetAmbaraparamparA ke saMgRhIta aura likhita sAhitya kA khula kara upayoga kiyA hai aura isI paramparA ke dhArmika sUtra prakaraNoM ke AdhAra para TIkA, cUrNiyA~ aura vividha viSaya ke grantha banAkara apanA sAhitya bhaNDAra bharA hai /

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355 jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne kiyA hai vaisA digambarAcAryoM ne nahIM kiyA aura ekAnta nagnatA ekAnta niSpratikarmatAdi kitane hI jinakalpikoM ke ugra AcAroM ko ve sthavirakalpikoM ke liye bhI aikAntika mAna baiThe / pariNAmasvarUpa donoM paramparAoM ke milane kA rAstA hI baMda ho gayA aura donoM paramparAvAloM meM eka dUsare ko nihrava aura mithyAdRSTi kahane taka kI naubata pahu~ca gayI / zvetAmbara-sampradAya kA khaMDana karanevAle yadi jAna lete ki unake pUrvAcArya bhI strImukti, kevalimukti aura sAdhuoM ke liye apavAda mArga se vastrapAtra kA svIkAra karate the to hama samajhate haiM ki ve zvetAmbaroM ke sAtha itanA virodha kabhI nahIM karate / / bhadrabAhu ke dakSiNa meM jAne ke bAda zvetAmbaramata kI utpatti hone sambandhI digambarIya mAnyatA kitanI nirmUla hai, yaha bAta isa lekha se spaSTa ho gaI hai| saca to yaha hai ki bhadrabAhu ke dakSiNa meM jAne saMbandhI ghaTanA vikrama kI pA~cavIM sadI ke anta meM devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke samaya meM ghaTI thI / usa samaya meM uttara bhAratavarSa meM durbhikSa bhI par3A thA aura usake bAda subhikSa hone para valabhI meM zvetAmbara saMgha kA eka bar3A bhArI sammelana bhI huA thA / jisameM mAthurI aura vAlabhI vAcanAoM kA ekIkaraNa aura pustakalekhana-saMbandhI cirasmaraNIya kArya sampanna hue the| isI arvAcIna ghaTanA ko zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke sAtha jor3akara digambara lekhakoM ne apane sampradAya ko prAcIna ThaharAne kI ceSTA kI hai; parantu yadi ve yaha jAna lete ki digambaroM ke hI lekhoM se yaha ghaTanA dvitIya bhadrabAhu saMbandhI siddha hotI hai to hama samajhate haiM ki zvetAmbaroM kI arvAcInatA siddha karane ke liye ve kabhI ceSTA nahIM karate / vartamAna jaina AgamoM ko kalpita aura arvAcIna kahanevAle digambara jaina vidvAna yadi yaha jAna lete ki unake dhArmika grantha bhI, jinheM ve prAmANika aura AptapraNIta samajhate haiM, unhIM AgamoM ke AdhAra para bane haiM jinheM ve nRtana aura zvetAmbarAcArya praNIta kahate haiM, to zAyada jaina AgamoM kA ve itanA nirAdara kabhI nahIM karate / isI prakAra zvetAmbara lekhaka bhI yadi yaha

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356 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra samajha lete ki unakI paramparA ke pUrvakAlIna muni bhI nagnatA aura ardhanagnatA kA Adara karate the aura amuka dezakAla meM ve svayaM nagna aura ardhanagna rahate the to hama samajhate haiM ki nagnatA ke nAte digambara jainoM ko kosane kA samaya nahIM AtA / hameM AzA hai ki donoM sampradAyoM ke vivecaka vidvAn aura satyAnveSI pAThaka isa lekha ko jijJAsAbuddhi se par3heMge aura vastu-sthiti ko samajhane kA yatna kareMge / For Private Personal Use Only

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vihArasthala-nAma-koSa

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vihArasthala-nAma-koSa aMga-aMga deza magadha ke pUrva meM thA / Ajakala ke bhAgalapura aura muMgera ke samIpa kA pradeza pUrvakAla meM aMga janapada kahalAtA thA / isakI rAjadhAnI campA nagarI thI / Ajakala bhAgalapura se pazcima meM cAra mIla para campAnAlA sthAna hai; vahI pUrvakAlIna campA hai / ___ campA ke IzAna dizAbhAga meM pUrNabhadra caitya thA, jahA~ para bhagavAn mahAvIra kA samavasaraNa huA karatA thA aura zatAdhika rAjakumAroM, rAjavaMzI mahilAoM tathA seTha-sAhUkAroM kI pravrajyAyeM huI thiiN| aMga maMdira caitya-campA ke nikaTavartI eka udyAna kA nAma / accha-jaina sUtrokta magadha ke AsapAsa ke solaha dezoM meM se eka kA nAma 'acchA' thA / AcArya zrIhemacandra ke abhiprAyAnusAra 'acchA' varuNA deza kI rAjadhAnI thI / Adhunika purAtattvavettA gaMgA yamunA ke bIca meM kauzAmbI ke vAyavva aura kAnapura ke nairRta meM 'atsya' deza batAte haiM, jo 'accha' kA saMskRtarUpa hai / kisIke mata se bulaMdazahara ke Asa-pAsa kA pradeza pUrvakAla meM 'accha' kahalAtA thA / anAryadeza~-bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anArya deza meM vihAra karane aura 9vA~ varSA- cAturmAsya anAryabhUmi meM aniyatarUpa se vyatIta karane kA varNana AtA hai / vaha anAryabhUmi pazcima-baMgAla kI rADhabhUmi aura vIrabhoma Adi saMthAla pradeza samajhanA cAhiye / apApA-pAvA kA pahale 'apApA' nAma thA, parantu mahAvIra kA vahA~ dehAnta huA, isa kAraNa vaha 'pApA' kahalAI / vizeSa ke liye 'pAvA' zabda

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360 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dekhiye / abAdha (abAhA)-bhagavatIsUtrokta solaha dezoM meM se eka kA nAma abAdha thA / yaha deza bhArata ke madhyapradezoM meM thA / aMbasAla caitya (AmrasAla caitya)-AmalakalpA ke nikaTavartI udyAna kA nAma / isa udyAna meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA samavasaraNa huA thA / amoghadarzana-purimatAla nagara ke samIpavartI eka udyAna kA nAma / ayodhyA-phaijAbAda se cha: mIla pUrvottara meM prAcIna ayodhyA thI / mahAvIra ke samaya meM ayodhyA kA sthAnApanna sAketa nagara thA / avanti-vatsa deza ke dakSiNa meM avanti kA rAjya thA / isakI rAjadhAnI ujjayinI thI / mahAvIra ke samaya meM ujjayinI meM caNDapradyota kA rAjya thA / caNDapradyota kI paTTarAnI zivAdevI aura aMgAravatI pramukha anya rAniyA~ zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmazAsana ko mAnanevAlI thIM / caNDapradyota bhI mahAvIra kA prazaMsaka thA / asthikagrAma (aTThiyagrAma) yahA~ para zUlapANi yakSa ke caitya meM bhagavAn ne varSAcAturmAsya kiyA aura upasargakArI yakSa ko zAnta kiyA thA / asthikagrAma videha janapada meM avasthita thA / isake samIpa vegavatI nadI bahatI thI / bhagavAn morAka saMniveza se yahA~ Aye the, aura yahA~ se phira morAka hokara Apa vAcAlA kI tarapha padhAre the / ahicchatrA-ahicchatrA barelI jilA meM barelI se bIsa mIla pazcima kI ora hai / Ajakala ke rAmanagara ke samIpa pUrvakAla meM ahicchatrA thI / eka samaya yaha nagarI uttarapAJcAla kI rAjadhAnI thI / jainasUtroM ke lekhAnusAra ahicchatrA kuru-jAMgala kI rAjadhAnI thI / / AmalakalpA (AmalakappA)-bauddhagranthokta balliya rAjya kI rAjadhAnI 'alakappa' hI AmalakalpA samajhanI cAhiye / yaha sthAna pazcimavideha meM zvetAmbI ke samIpa thA / AmalakalpA ke bAhara aMbasAla caitya meM mahAvIra kA samavasaraNa huA thA, jahA~ mahAvIra ne sUryAbhadeva ke pUrvabhava kA nirUpaNa

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vihArasthala-nAma-koSa 361 kiyA thA / Arya bhUmi-jainasUtroM meM bhAratavarSa meM aMga, vaMga, kaliMga, magadha, kAzI, kozala, videha, vatsa, matsa Adi sAr3he paccIsa deza Arya mAne gaye haiM aura zeSa anArya / AvazyakacUrNi meM Arya-anArya bhUmi ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki jo-jo yugalika manuSya kulakaroM kI AjJA meM rahe, ve Arya kahalAye aura jinhoMne unakI maryAdA kA ullaMghana kiyA ve anArya / jainasUtroM meM pUrva meM tAmraliptI, uttara meM zrAvastI, dakSiNa meM kauzAmbI aura pazcima meM sindhu taka Arya-bhUmi mAnI gaI hai / parantu bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM ukta maryAdA ThIka thI yA nahIM, yaha kahanA kaThina haiM / mahAvIra ukta Arya-dezoM meM to vicare hI the parantu hamAre mata se Apa kA vihAra dakSiNa kI tarapha vindhyAcala kI ghATiyoM taka bhI huA thA / AlabhikA (AlabhiyA) isa nagarI ke bAhara zaMkhavana udyAna thA / AlabhiyA ke tatkAlIna rAjA kA nAma jitazatru thA / mahAvIra ke prasiddha dasa zramaNopAsakoM meM se pA~cavA~ upAsaka gAthApati cullazataka isI nagarI kA rahane vAlA thA / bhagavAn ke RSibhadra pramukha dUsare bhI aneka prasiddha upAsaka yahA~ rahate the, jinakI bhagavAn mahAvIra ne prazaMsA kI thI / yahI para bhagavAn mahAvIra ne poggala parivrAjaka ko nirgrantha pravacana kA upadeza dekara apanA zramaNaziSya banAyA thA / ___ katipaya vidvAn Adhunika 'eravA' ko, jo iTAvA se bIsa mIla uttara-pUrva kI tarapha avasthita eka prAcIna nagara hai, 'AlabhiyA' kahate haiM; parantu jainasUtroM ke lekhAnusAra hameM yaha mAnane ko bAdhya honA par3atA hai ki AlabhiyA Ajakala kA eravA nahIM kintu kAzIrASTrAntargata eka prasiddha nagarI thI / yaha rAjagRha se banArasa jAte hue mArga para avasthita thI / mahAvIra jabajaba rAjagRha se banArasa aura banArasa se rAjagRha ko vihAra karate, bIca meM AlabhiyA meM avazya ThaharA karate the / / AlaMbhikA ( AlaMbhiyA)-AlaMbhiyA aura AlabhiyA saMbhavataH eka hI sthAna ke do nAma haiM / Avazyaka meM mahAvIra ke vihAranirvANa meM

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362 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra AlaMbhikA kA ullekha hai / bhagavAn ne chadmasthAvasthA kA sAtavA~ varSAcAturmAsya yahA~ kiyA thA aura saMgamaka ke upasarga samApta hone ke bAda yahA~ para harividyutkumArendra ne bhagavAn ko sukhazAtA pUchI thI / AvattAgrAma (AvartAgrAma) yahA~ para bhagavAna mahAvIra ne tapasvIavasthA meM baladeva ke maMdira meM kAyotsarga kiyA thA aura grAma ke logoM ke satAne para baladeva kI mUrti ne ApakI sahAyatA kI thI / yaha grAma kahA~ thA, yaha batAnA kaThina hai / bhagavAn zrAvastI se haliDhuMga, naMgalA hokara yahA~ Aye the aura yahA~ se corAka, kalaMbukA hote hue rADha deza meM gaye the; isase anumAna hotA hai ki zAyada yaha kozala janapada kA hI koI grAma hogA, jo pUrva tarapha jAte mArga meM par3atA thA / ujjayinI-mAlava arthAt avantijanapada kI rAjadhAnI ujjayinI eka prAcIna nagarI hai| mahAvIra ke samaya meM yahA~ pradyotavaMzI mahAsena caNDapradyota kA rAjya thA / pradyotavaMza paramparA se jaina dharma kA anuyAyI thA / caNDapradyota bhI jaina dharma kA sahAyaka thA / uttarakosala-phaijAbAda, goMDA, baharAica, bArAbaMkI ke jile tathA AsapAsa ke kucha bhAga, avadha, bastI, gorakhapura, Ajamagar3ha aura jaunapura jiloM ke kucha bhAga uttarakosala athavA kosala janapada kahalAtA thA / mahAvIra ke samaya meM isakI rAjadhAnI zrAvastI thI / / uttarakSatriyakuNDapura-vaizAlI ke samIpa kSatriyakuNDapura nagara thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jahA~ janma huA thA, usako uttarakSatriyakuNDapura kahate the / uttara bihAra ke mujaphpharapura meM gaMDakI nadI ke nikaTavartI besAr3apaTTI hI prAcIna vaizAlI hai aura isake pAsa kA vasukuNDa prAcIna kSatriyakuNDapura / uttaravAcAlA (uttara vAcAlA) kanakakhala Azramapada meM caNDakauzika ko pratibodha dene ke uparAnta paMdraha dina taka tapa aura dhyAna karake mahAvIra uttaravAcAlA gaye the, jahA~ nAgasena ne Apako kSIra kA bhojana karAyA thaa| yahIM jAte samaya bhagavAn kA vastra suvarNabAlukA nadI ke pulina meM kAMToM meM lagakara girA thA / yaha nagara zvetAMbI ke nikaTavartI thA /

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vihArasthala- nAma- - koSa 363 uttaravideha ---- nepAla kA dakSiNa pradeza pahale uttaravideha kahalAtA thA / uddaMDapura--yaha nagara paTanA jilA (bihAra) meM thA / pAlavaMzI rAjAoM kI yahA~ rAjadhAnI thI / gozAlaka ne uddaMDapura ke candrAvataraNa caitya meM aiNeyaka kA zarIra chor3akara mallarAma ke zarIra meM praveza karane kA mahAvIra ke sAmane dAvA kiyA thA / unnAga (unnAka ) purimatAla se mahAvIra unnAga hokara gobhUmi kI tarapha gaye the jahA~ gozAlaka pITA gayA thA / Ajakala kA 'unnAvA' prAcIna 'unnAga' ho sakatA hai / upananda pATaka-- brAhmaNagA~va kA eka hissA jahA~ kA jamIMdAra upanaMda thA aura jahA~ gozAlaka bhikSA ke liye gayA thA / ullukAtIra--yaha nagara ullukA nadI ke taTa para thA / isake AsapAsa kA pradeza nadIkheDa deza kahalAtA thA / ullukAtIra ke bAhara ekajaMbUcaitya nAmaka udyAna thA, jahA~ mahAvIra Thaharate aura upadeza karate the / Ajakala yaha sthAna kahA~ hogA, yaha batAnA kaThina hai| sUtroM meM jahA~ isakA ullekha hai usake pahale aura pIche rAjagRha ke samavasaraNa kI carcA hai / isase anumAna hotA hai ki ukta nagara magadha ke hI kisI pradeza meM rahA hogA / RjupAlikA (rijuvAliyA ) -- RjupAlikA nadI ke uttara taTa para bhagavAn mahAvIra ko kevalajJAna huA thA / hajArIbAga jilA meM giriDIha ke pAsa bahanevAlI bArAkar3a nadI ko RjupAlikA athavA rijuvAlukA kahate haiM / paM0 zrIsaubhAgya vijayajI ne isake saMbandha meM apanI tIrthamAlA meM likhA hai ki vahA~ dAmodara nadI bahatI hai / para ina ullekhoM se bhagavAn ke kevalakalyANaka kI bhUmi kA nizcita patA laganA kaThina hai / Ajakala jahA~ sammetazikhara ke samIpa kevalabhUmi batAI jAtI hai usake pAsa na to RjuvAlikA yA isase milate-julate nAmavAlI koI nadI hai aura na jaMbhiyagrAma athavA isake apabhraSTa nAma kA grAma / sammetazikhara se pUrvadakSiNa dizA meM dAmodara nadI Aja bhI hai para RjuvAlikA athavA ujuvAliyA nadI kA kahIM patA nahIM hai / hA~, ukta dizA meM AjI nAma kI eka bar3I nadI avazya For Private Personal Use Only

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364 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra bahatI hai| yadi isa AjI ko hI ujuvAlikA mAna liyA jAya to bAta dUsarI hai| paraMtu eka bAta avazya vicAraNIya hai / AjI eka bar3I aura isI nAma se prasiddha prAcIna nadI hai / sthAnAMgasUtra meM gaMgA kI pA~ca sahAyaka bar3I nadiyoM meM isakI 'AjI' isI nAma se parigaNanA kI hai| ata: 'AjI' ko 'ujuvAliyA' kA apabhraMza mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai / eka bAta yaha bhI hai ki AjI athavA dAmodara nadI se pAvAmadhyamA, jahA~ bhagavAn kA dUsarA samavasaraNa huA thA, lagabhaga 140 mIla dUra par3atI hai jaba ki zAstra meM bhagavAn ke kevalajJAna ke sthAna se madhyamA bAraha yojana dUra batAI hai / AvazyakacUrNi ke lekhAnusAra bhagavAn kevalI hone ke pUrva campA se jaMbhiya, miDiya, chammANI hote hue madhyamA gaye the aura madhyamA se phira jaMbhiyagA~va gaye the jahA~ Apako kevalajJAna huA / isa vihAravarNana se jJAta hotA hai ki 'jaMbhiyagrAma' aura 'RjupAlikA nadI' madhyamA ke rAste meM campA ke nikaTa hI kahIM honI cAhiye ki jahA~ se calakara bhagavAn rAta bhara meM madhyamA pahu~ce the / bAraha yojana kA hisAba bhI isase ThIka baiTha jAtA hai / RSabhapura (usabhapura)-isa nagara ke bAhara thUbhakaraNDaka udyAna thA jahA~ dhanya yakSa kA caitya thA / mahAvIra ke samaya meM yahA~ kA rAjA dhanAvaha aura rAnI sarasvatI thI / inake putra kA nAma bhadranandI thA / mahAvIra eka bAra yahA~ padhAre, taba bhadranandI ne zrAddhadharma kA svIkAra kiyA thA aura dUsare samavasaraNa meM zramaNadharma ke mahAvrata / uttarAdhyayanaTIkA meM dUsare nihnava tiSyagupta kA nagara RSabhapura honA likhA hai parantu unhoMne sAtha meM RSabhapura ko rAjagRha kA paryAya bhI batAyA hai / isa viSaya meM AvazyakacUrNikAra likhate haiM-atipUrvakAla meM kSitipratiSThita nagara thA, usakA vAstu ucchinna ho jAne para canaka nagara basA / canaka nagara ke jIrNa hone para RSabhapura / usake bAda kuzAgrapura aura kuzAgrapura ke bAda usakA sthAnApanna rAjagRha basA / isa prakAra RSabhapura rAjagRha nahIM para pUrvakAlIna magadha kA svataMtra pATanagara thA, aisA siddha hotA hai / usake udyAna, yakSa Adi ke nAma bhI bhinna haiM / ataH RSabhapura magadhadeza kA koI ati prAcIna nagara rahA hogA / parantu mahAvIra ke jahA~ samavasaraNa hue vaha RSabhapura

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vihArasthala-nAma-koSa 365 pAJcAla kI tarapha uttara bhArata meM kahIM rahA hogA aisA hamArA anumAna hai / ekajaMbUcaitya-ullukAtIra nagara ke udyAna kA nAma jahA~ mahAvIra kA samavasaraNa huA thA aura indra ne mahAvIra se devAgamana saMbandhI prazna kiyA thA / kanakakhala (Azramapada) yahA~ para bhagavAn ko caNDakauzika sarpa ne DasA thA / Apane usa krUra dRSTiviSa sarpa ko bodha dekara yahA~ paMdraha dina taka dhyAna kiyA thA / yaha Azramapada zvetAmbikA nagarI ke samIpa thA / kanakapura (kaNagapura) isa nagara ke zvetAzoka udyAna meM vIrabhadra yakSa kA sthAna thA / yahA~ ke tatkAlIna rAjA kA nAma priyacaMdra aura rAnI kA subhadrAdevI thA / rAjA ke putra yuvarAja kA nAma vaizramaNakumAra aura yuvarAjaputra kA nAma dhanapati thA / bhagavAn pahalI bAra yahA~ padhAre taba dhanapati ke pUrvabhavoM kA varNana karake use zramaNopAsaka banAyA aura dUsare samavasaraNa meM dhanapati ko zramaNadharma kI pravrajyA dI thI / __ kayalisamAgama (kadalIsamAgama)--bhaddila nagarI kA varSAcAturmAsya samApta hone para bAhara pAraNA karake bhagavAn kadalIsamAgama padhAre the / kayalisamAgama magadha ke dakSiNa pradeza malayabhUmi meM kahIM hogA, kyoMki bhagavAn malaya kI rAjadhAnI bhaddila nagarI se yahA~ hote hue vaizAlI gaye the / kayaMgalA (kacaMgalA)-pRSThacampA kA varSAcAturmAsya samApta karake bhagavAn kayaMgalA gaye aura dariddathera pASaMDasthoM ke devala meM Thahare the / yaha sthAna yadi aMgadeza meM hI campA se pUrva kI tarapha ho taba to Ajakala kA kaMkajola ho sakatA hai / bauddha granthoM ke AdhAra para kaI vidvAn kaMkajola ko hI kacaMgalA mAnate haiM, jo saMthAla paraganA meM hai / parantu jainasUtroM ke anusAra kacaMgalA nagarI zrAvastI ke samIpa thI / kAtyAyana skandaka zrAvastI ke nikaTavartI isI kacaMgalA ke chatrapalAsa caitya meM mahAvIra ke ziSya bane the / karNasuvarNa-murzidAbAda jilA meM bhAgIrathI ke dakSiNa taTa para jahA~

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366 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra Ajakala rAMgAmAtI nagara hai, paurANika kAla meM yahA~ para pazcima baMgAla kI rAjadhAnI karNasuvarNa nagara thA / Ajakala isakA apabhraMza nAma 'kAnasonA' hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM karNasuvarNa koTivarSa ke nAma se prasiddha thA / karmAragrAma (kammAragAma)-pravrajyA lekara mahAvIra prathama rAtri yahA~ Thahare the aura yahIM Apako sarvaprathama gopadvArA upasarga huA thA / karmAragrAma kA artha karmakAragrAma arthAt majadUroM kA gA~va hotA hai / kahIM-kahIM kAra kA artha lohakAra bhI likhA hai| isase jahA~ bhagavAn dIkSA lekara prathama rAtrivAsa Thahare the, vaha yA to majadUroM kI basatI thI athavA lohAroM kA gA~va / yaha gA~va kSatriyakuNDa ke nikaTa thA, yaha nizcita hai / karmAragrAma se dUsare dina vihAra karake bhagavAn ne kollAkasaMnniveza meM pAraNA kiyA thA / yaha kollAka vANijyagrAma aura usake udyAna dUtipalAza ke bIca meM par3atA thA, aisA upAsakadazAsUtra ke prathamAdhyayana ke varNana se siddha hotA hai / vANijyagrAma aura vaizAlI eka dUsare ke samIpa the, yaha kalpasUtra Adi ke ullekhoM se siddha hai / ina bAtoM se siddha hotA hai ki bhagavAn kA janmasthAna kuNDapura, upasargasthAna karmAragrAma aura prathamapAraNAsthAna kollAkasaMniveza, ye saba eka dUsare ke pAsa-pAsa the / kalaMbukA (kalaMbuA) yahA~ para mahAvIra aura gozAlaka kAlahastI ke hAtha se pakar3e gaye aura usake bhAI megha ke pAsa le jAne ke bAda chor3a die gaye the / kalaMbukA aMgadeza ke pUrva pradeza meM kahIM rahA hogA, kyoMki yahA~ se bhagavAn sIdhe rADhadeza meM gaye the / kaliMga-ur3IsA se dakSiNa meM aura drAvir3a se uttara meM mahAnadI aura godAvarI ke bIca kA samudra taTa kA deza jisako Aja-kala uttara sarakAra ke nAma se pahicAnate haiM, prAcIna 'kaliMga' deza hai / mahAvIra ke samaya meM kaliMga kI rAjadhAnI kAJcanapura nagara thA, jo sAmAnya rUpa se kaliMga nagara bhI kahalAtA thA / sAtavIM zatAbdI meM kaliMga nagara bhuvanezvara ke nAma se prasiddha huA, jo Aja taka isI nAma se prakhyAta hai| kAkandI--yaha uttara bhAratavarSa kI prAcIna aura prasiddha nagarI thI /

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vihArasthala- nAma- koSa 367 mahAvIra ke samaya meM kAkandI meM jitazatru rAjA kA rAjya thA / isake bAhara sahasrAmravana udyAna thA / mahAvIra yahA~ aneka bAra padhAre the / bhadrA sArthavAhI ke putra dhanya aura sunakSatra ne yahIM para mahAvIra ke pAsa zramaNadharma kI pravrajyA lI thI / mahAvIra ke zramaNaziSya kSemaka aura dhRtidhara gRhasthAzrama meM yahIM ke rahane vAle the / Ajakala lachuADa se pUrva meM kAkandI tIrtha mAnA jAtA hai, parantu hamAre mata se kAkandI kA mUla sthAna yahA~ para nahIM thA / mahAvIra ke vihAravarNana se jAnA jA sakatA hai ki kAkandI uttara bhAratavarSa meM kahIM thI / nUnakhAra sTezana se do mIla aura gorakhapura se dakSiNapUrva tIsa mIla para digambara jaina jisa sthAna ko kiSkiMdhA athavA khukhuMdojI nAmaka tIrtha mAnate haiM, hamAre vicAra se yahI prAcIna kAkandI hai / kAJcanapura -- yaha nagara kaliMga deza kA prAcIna pATanagara thA 1 Ajakala kA bhuvanezvara hI prAcIna kAJcanapura hai / kAma mahAvana -- vaizAlI ke pAsa yaha udyAna thA / mahAvIra ne gyArahavA~ varSAvAsa isI kAma mahAvana ke caitya meM kiyA aura jIrNa seTha ne bhagavAn ko AhAra pAnI ke liye prArthanA kI thI / kAma mahAvana (2)- - yaha udyAna vArANasI ke samIpa thA, aisA gozAlaka ke saMvAda se pAyA jAtA hai / gozAlaka ne mahAvIra ke sAmane kahA - usane kAma mahAvana meM mAlyamaMDita kA zarIra chor3akara roha ke zarIra meM praveza kiyA hai / thA- kAmpilya ( kaMpilla ) isa nagara ke bAhara sahasrAmra nAmaka udyAna thA / yahA~ ke tAtkAlika rAjA kA nAma jitazatru thA / yahA~ kA gAthApati kuMDakaulika mahAvIra kA parama bhakta zrAddha thA, jisakI bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane mukha se prazaMsA kI thI / Ajakala kAmpilya, jo kaMpilA ke nAmase pahacAnA jAtA hai, pharrukhAbAda se paccIsa aura kAyamagaMja se chaH mIla uttarapazcima kI ora bUDhI gaMgA ke kinAre avasthita hai / eka samaya kAmpilya dakSiNa pAJcAla kI For Private Personal Use Only

Page #425
zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra rAjadhAnI thI / kAlAka saMniveza (kAlAya saMnivesa)-campA ke bAhara pAraNA karake mahAvIra ne kAlAka meM jAkara rAta ko zUnya ghara meM dhyAna kiyA thA, jahA~ gozAlaka ko grAmakUTa siMha ke hAtha se mAra par3I thI / yaha saMniveza campA ke nikaTa kahIM honA cAhiye / kAzI-banArasa ke AsapAsa kA pradeza, prAyaH banArasa kamiznarI aura Ajamagar3ha jilA pahale kAzI deza kahalAtA thA / mahAvIra ke samaya meM yaha rASTra kozala deza meM milA huA thA / isakI rAjadhAnI banArasa thI / kirAtadeza-AsAma aura silahaTa kA pradeza pahale kirAta deza kahalAtA thA / yahA~ bahudhA kirAta logoM kI bastI thI / isa deza kI rAjadhAnI tripurA thI jo Ajakala 'tiparA' nAmase prasiddha hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra isa deza meM vicare the ki nahIM yaha kahanA kaThina hai / kuNDagrAma-isa nAma ke do grAma the / eka brAhmaNakuNDagrAma aura dUsarA kSatriyakuNDagrAma / donoM meM kramazaH brAhmaNoM aura kSatriyoM kA svAmitva aura nivAsa hone se ye nAma par3e the| donoM vaizAlI ke zAkhApura the| mahAvIra eka bAra brAhmaNakuNDagrAma ke udyAna meM padhAre / taba donoM kuNDagrAmoM se bhAvika jana darzana, vandana aura dharma-zravaNArtha vahA~ gaye the; isase ina donoM kuNDagrAmoM kA sAmIpya siddha hotA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vihArakrama se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ye sthAna vaizAlI ke samIpa the na ki Aja kala jahA~ mAne jAte haiM, vahA~ / isa viSaya meM hamane prastAvanA meM vizeSa khulAsA likha diyA hai| kuNDAka saMniveza-AlaMbhiyA ke bAhara pAraNA karake mahAvIra kuNDAka gaye the aura vahA~ para vAsudeva ke maMdira meM dhyAna kiyA thA, jahA~ gozAlaka pITA gayA thA / yaha saMniveza kAzI rASTra ke pUrva pradeza meM AlaMbhiyA ke pAsa honA cAhiye / kutsa (kocchA)-jaina sUtrokta pUrva bhArata ke solaha dezoM meM se

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vihArasthala-nAma-koSa 369 eka kA nAma kutsa athavA koccha thA / pUraniyA jilA jo kauzikI nadI ke pUrva kI ora hai, pahale kauzikI kaccha kahalAtA thA; vahI yaha kutsa athavA 'koccha' deza honA cAhiye / kunAla (kuNAlA)-zrAvastI ke AsapAsa ke deza, uttara kozala, kA nAma jaina sUtroM meM 'kuNAlA' likhA hai / kunAla sAr3he paccIsa Arya dezoM meM se eka thA / isakI rAjadhAnI kA nAma zrAvastI athavA sAvatthI thA / kamArAka saMniveza (kumArAya saMnivesa)---isake bAhara camparamaNIyodyAna meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dhyAna kiyA thA, jisa samaya gozAlaka ko pApitya sAdhu mile the aura unake sAtha kaTAkSapUrNa vArtAlApa huA thA / yaha saMniveza saMbhavataH aMgadeza ke pRSThacampA ke nikaTa thA / kuru-yaha deza pAJcAla ke pazcima meM aura matsya ke uttara meM thA / ati prAcInakAla meM isakI rAjadhAnI hastinApura meM thI, jahA~ zAntinAtha Adi aneka tIrthaMkaroM kA janma huA thA / pANDavoM ne indraprastha ko isa deza kI rAjadhAnI kAyama kiyA thA / kurujAMgala-jisakA dUsarA nAma zrIkaNTha deza hai / yaha deza hastinApura se uttara-pazcima meM thA / sahAranapura se teMtIsa mIla uttara-pazcima kI ora vilAsapura isakI rAjadhAnI thI / jaina sUtroM meM jaMgala deza kI rAjadhAnI kA nAma ahicchatrA likhA hai| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki uttara pAJcAla aura kuru deza kA saMyuktarASTra kurujAMgala kahalAtA hogA aura usakI rAjadhAnI vilAsapura hogI / kuzArta (kusaTTA)-jainasUtrokta sAr3he paccIsa Arya dezoM meM kuzArta kA nAma bhI sammilita hai / kuzArta kI rAjadhAnI kA nAma zorIpura athavA sauryapura thA / ise yAdava zauri ne basAyA thA / bhagavAn neminAtha kA isI sauryapura meM janma huA thA / jarAsaMdha ke virodha ke kAraNa yAdavoM ne isa pradeza ko chor3a kara dvArikA ko apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA thaa| mathurA ke cAroM ora kA pradeza sUrasena aura sUrasena se uttara kA deza kuzArta nAma se prasiddha thA / AgarA se dehalI ke rAste teIsa mIla para zakurAbAda sTezana aura vahIM ke zramaNa - 24

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370 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra rAste baTezvara AtA hai| kahate haiM, yahI baTezvara prAcIna sauryapura hai / zahara se do mIla para yamunA ke taTa para tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI prAcIna caraNasthApanA aba bhI virAjamAna hai / kapika saMniveza (kRpiya saMnivesa)-yahA~ mahAvIra chadmAvasthA meM vicare the aura cArikabuddhise pakar3e gaye the / bAda meM vijayA pragalbhA parivAjikAoM ke dvArA paricaya dene para Apa chor3e gaye the / yahA~ se bhagavAn vaizAlI gaye the aura gozAlaka judA huA thA / yaha saMniveza vaizAlI se pUrva meM videhabhUmi meM kahIM thA / kUrmagrAma (kummagAma)-siddhArthapura se mahAvIra kUrmagrAma Aye the, jahA~ mArga meM gozAlaka ne tila kA paudhA ukhAr3A aura usake phira jama jAne para usane niyativAda kA samarthana kiyA thA / isI kUrmagrAma ke bAhara gozAlaka ne vaizyAyana tApasa kI maskharI kI aura tApasa dvArA usapara tejolezyA chor3I gaI thI / gozAlaka ke pUchane para bhagavAn ne tejolezyA prAptikA upAya bhI yahIM kahA thA / yaha grAma pUrvIya vihAra meM kahIM honA cAhiye, kyoMki vIrabhoma se siddhArthapura hote hue mahAvIra yahA~ Aye the / kekaya-vyAsa aura satalaja nadI ke bIca kA deza pUrvakAla meM kekaya nAma se prasiddha thA / rAmacandra kI vimAtA kaikayI yahIM ke rAjA kI putrI thI / kekaya (2)- jainasUtrokta sAr3he paccIsa dezoM meM se bhI eka kA nAma kekaya thA / yaha pradeza nepAla kI talahaTI meM zrAvastI se uttarapUrva meM thA / isakI rAjadhAnI zvetAMbikA nagarI thI / yahA~ kA rAjA pradezI jaina zramaNopAsaka thA / isa deza kA pahAr3I pradeza anArya jAtiyoM se bharA hogA, aisA mAlUma hotA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki kekaya AdhA hI Arya deza meM ginA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra yahA~ aneka bAra vicare the / koTivarSa (koDivarisa) yaha nagara rAThadeza kI rAjadhAnI thI / yahA~ ke rAjA kirAtarAja ne sAketa nagara meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSA

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vihArasthala - nAma- koSa lI thI / mahAvIra ke samaya meM koTivarSa meM kirAta jAti kA rAjya thA aura jaba mahAvIra idhara vicare the taba yaha pradeza anArya kahalAtA thA, parantu jaina sUtroM meM rATha deza kI gaNanA Arya dezoM meM kI hai isase jJAta hotA hai ki yahA~ ke rAjA ke mahAvIra kA ziSya hone ke bAda jaina upadezakoM ke vihAra se dharma kA pracAra ho jAne se isako Arya deza mAna liyA hogA / athavA Arya hone para bhI anArya logoM kI AbAdI adhika hone se mahAvIra ke chadmastha vihAra ke samaya yaha anArya kahalAtA hogA / Aja bhI isa deza ke vIrabhoma Adi paraganoM meM saMthAla Adi anArya jAtiyoM kI hI adhika AbAdI hai / paurANika granthoM meM koTivarSa kA nAma karNasuvarNa likhA hai / yaha deza Ajakala ke pazcima baMgAla meM murzidAbAda ke AsapAsa thA, aisA purAtattvavettAoM kA mata hai / koNDinAyana caitya -- vaizAlI ke nikaTavartI eka udyAna kA nAma / komilA - baMgAla prAnta ke caTagA~va vibhAga meM gomatI nadI ke kinAre TiparA jilA kA sadara sthAna komilA eka prAcIna nagara hai / paurANika kAla ke lekhoM meM isakA nAma 'komalA' milatA hai / 371 mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda bahuta samaya taka komilA kI jaina dharma ke kendroM meM gaNanA rahI hai / kalpasUtra kI therAvalI meM jainazramaNoM kI prAcIna zAkhAoM ke jo nAma nirdeza kiye haiM, unameM eka zAkhA kA nAma 'khemilijjiyA' bhI hai / yaha nAma vAstava meM 'khomalijjiyA' hai jo 'komaliyA' kA prAkRta rUpa hai aura isakI utpatti 'komalA' se hai / kollAkasaMniveza ( kollAgasaMnivesa ) yaha saMniveza vANijyagrAma ke samIpa thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dIkSA ke dUsare dina yahIM pAraNA kiyA thA / kollAka saMniveza ( 2 ) yaha saMniveza rAjagRha ke nikaTa thA jahA~ For Private Personal Use Only

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372 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra bhagavAn ne nAlaMdA ke cAturmAsya kI samApti para mAsika upavAsa kA pAraNA kiyA thA aura gozAlaka kA ziSya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA thA / mahAvIra ke cauthe aura pA~caveM gaNadhara kA janmasthAna bhI yahI kollAgasaMniveza hogA, aisA saMbhava hai| kozala-'uttara kozala' zabda dekhiye / koSThaka caitya-yaha udyAna zrAvastI ke nikaTa thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA samavasaraNa yahIM hotA thA / nandinIpitA aura sAlihIpitA gAthApatiyoM ne yahIM mahAvIra ke pAsa jaina dharma kA svIkAra kiyA thA / mahAvIra para gozAlaka dvArA tejolezyA chor3ane kA utpAta isI koSThaka caitya meM huA thA / koSThaka caitya (2) banArasa ke samIpa bhI eka koSThaka caitya thA jahA~ para mahAvIra ne culanIpitA aura surAdeva jaise karor3apati gRhasthoM ko jaina zramaNopAsaka banAyA thA / kosalA-ayodhyA kA nAmAntara kosalA thA / mahAvIra ke navaveM gaNadhara kA janmasthAna yahI kosalA thI / kauzAmbI-ilAhAbAda jile kI mAnajahAnapura tahasIla meM yamunA nadI ke bAyeM kinAre para jahAnapura se dakSiNa meM bAraha mIla aura ilAhAbAda se dakSiNa-pazcima meM ikatIsa mIla para kosamainAma aura kosamaikhirAja nAmaka do gA~va haiM ye hI prAcIna kauzAmbI ke avazeSa haiM / vahA~ se karIba cAra mIla pazcima meM pabhosA kA gA~va aura pahAr3a haiM jahA~ para jaina maMdira hai / kauzAmbI vatsadeza kI rAjadhAnI thI / yahA~ kA rAjA udayana aura rAjamAtA mRgAvatI mahAvIra ke parama upAsaka the / mahAvIra yahA~ aneka bAra padhAre the / kauzikI-gaMgA kI sahAyaka bar3I nadI jise Ajakala kuzI kahate haiM / kuzI moMgIra aura rAjamahAla ke bIca meM hotI huI gaMgA meM mila jAtI hai / jaina sUtroM meM kauzikI kA 'kosI' nAma se ullekha hai aura isakI gaNanA gaMgA kI pA~ca bar3I sahAyaka nadiyoM meM hai /

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vihArasthala - nAma - koSa 373 kSatriyakuNDapura ( khattiyakuMDapura ) mujaphphapura jilA meM besAr3apaTTI ke pAsa jo basukuNDa gA~va hai vahIM mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi prAcIna kSatriyakuNDapura hai / 'kuNDagrAma' zabda dekhiye / kSitipratiSThita -- caritroM meM mahAvIra ke kSitipratiSThita nagara meM vihAra karane kA ullekha hai / yaha kSitipratiSThita kahA~ honA cAhiye yaha batAnA kaThina hai / gaMgA ke bAyeM kinAre para jahA~ Aja jhUsI hai pahale pratiSThApura nagara thA / saMbhava hai, caritrakAra kA kSitipratiSThita yahI pratiSThAnapura hogA / gaMgA - bhAratavarSa kI sabase bar3I nadiyA~ do mAnI gaI haiM-- eka gaMgA aura dUsarI siMdhu | jainasUtroM meM gaMgA kI utpatti kSudrahimakt parvata ke padmadraha se mAnI gaI hai / Adhunika anveSaNAnusAra gaMgA himAlaya ke uttara pradeza sthita mAnasarovara se nikala kara uttara bhAratavarSa meM hotI huI pUrva kI ora jAkara samudra meM giratI hai / mahAvIra ke vihAraprasaMga meM gaMgA kA ullekha aneka bAra AyA hai / Apake nAva dvArA gaMgA utarane kA ullekha bhI do bAra AyA hai / gajapura ( gayapura ) hastinApura kA hI nAmAntara gajapura hai| jaina sUtroM meM kurujanapada kI rAjadhAnI kA nAma gajapura likhA hai / gaMDakI - yaha nadI himAlaya ke saptagaMDakI aura dhavalagirizreNi se nikalatI hai / yaha gaMDaka, nArAyaNI Adi aneka nAmoM se prasiddha hai / mahAvIra ke vihAravarNana meM isakA 'gaMDakikA' (gaMDaiA ) nAma se ullekha hai / vaizAlI aura vANijyagrAma isake kinAre para avasthita the aura mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kSatriyakuMDapura bhI isake samIpa hI thA / guNazIla ( guNasilaa ) - yaha rAjagRha nagara kA prasiddha udyAna thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra jaba rAjagRha padhArate taba prAya: isI udyAna ke caitya meM Thaharate the / bhagavAn ke hAtha se saikar3oM zramaNa - zramaNiyA~ aura hajAroM zramaNopAsaka - zramaNopAsikAyeM yahA~ banI thiiN| mahAvIra ke gyAraha gaNadhara ziSyoM ne isI guNazilaka caitya meM anazanapUrvaka nirvANa prApta kiyA thA / Ajakala kA guNAvA, jo navAdA sTezana se lagabhaga tIna mIlapara hai, prAcIna samaya kA guNazIla mAnA jAtA hai / For Private Personal Use Only

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374 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra gokula-isakA dUsarA nAma vrajagrAma thA / yahA~ para mahAvIra bhikSA ke liye gaye, taba saMgamaka ne sarvatra AhAra meM aneSaNA kara dI thI / yahIM para apanI hAra mAnakara saMgamaka ne mahAvIra se kSamA prArthanA kI thI / yaha gokula ur3IsA meM athavA dakSiNa kozala meM hone kA saMbhava hai / gobhami-yaha gobhUmi saMbhavataH gokula ke pAsa kA vanapradeza hogA / AvazyakacUrNikAra likhate haiM-"gAvIo caraMti teNa gobhUmi" arthAt gAvoM ke carane se gobhUmi kahalAtI thI / yahA~ para gozAlaka ne gopoM ko vajralADhA kahakara mAra khAI thI / govvaragAma--yaha gA~va mahAvIra ke gaNadhara iMdrabhUti, agnibhUti aura vAyubhUti gautama kA janmasthAna thA / govara rAjagRha se pRSThacampA jAte mArga meM par3atA thA / gautamarAsA meM ise magadhadeza meM batAyA hai; parantu kucha ullekhoM se yaha pRSThacampA ke nikaTa hone se aMgabhUmi meM hogA, aisA siddha hotA hai / grAmaka saMniveza (gAmAya saMnivesa)-isake bAhara bibhelaka udyAna meM mahAvIra ne dhyAna kiyA thA aura bibhelaka yakSa ne ApakI pUjA kI thI / yaha saMniveza vaizAlI aura zAlizIrSa nagara ke bIca meM par3atA thA / candana pAdapa udyAna-yaha udyAna mRgagrAma ke nikaTa thA / isameM sudharma yakSa kA maMdira thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isI udyAna meM mRgAputra ke pUrvabhava kA varNana kiyA thA / candrAvataraNa caitya-yaha caitya kauzAmbI ke samIpa thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra aneka bAra yahA~ padhAre the aura jayantI, mRgAvatI, aMgAravatI pramukha rAjavaMzI striyoM ko zramaNadharma kI pravrajyA dI thI / candrAvataraNa caitya (2)-uddaNDapura ke nikaTa bhI eka candrAvataraNa caitya thA / camparamaNIyodyAna-kumArAsaMniveza ke pAsa ke udyAna kA nAma camparamaNIya thA / yahA~ para mahAvIra ne kAyotsarga dhyAna kiyA thA / campA-campA aura pRSThacampA kI nizrA meM mahAvIra ne tIna

Page #432
vihArasthala- nAma-koSa 375 varSAcAturmAsya vyatIta kiye the / campA ke pAsa pUrNabhadra caitya nAmaka prasiddha udyAna thA, jahA~ mahAvIra Thaharate the / campA ke rAjA kA nAma, mahAvIra ke samaya meM, jitazatru aura datta likhA milatA hai / para Apa ke pichale jIvana meM campA kA rAjA kuNika (ajAtazatru ) thA / I jaina sUtroM meM campA ko aMgadeza kI rAjadhAnI mAnA hai / koNika ne jaba se apanI rAjadhAnI banAI taba se campA aMga-magadha kI rAjadhAnI kahalAI / paTanA se pUrva meM (kucha dakSiNa meM) lagabhaga sau kosa para campA thI / Ajakala ise campAnAlA kahate haiM / yaha sthAna bhAgalapura se tIna mIla dUra pazcima meM hai / campAnagarI- - campA kA jaina sUtroM meM bahudhA campAnagarI ke nAma se hI ullekha milatA hai / pichale granthoM meM ise campApurI bhI likhA hai / vizeSa ke liye 'campA' zabda dekhiye | cedI--- jainasUtroM meM isakA nAma 'cetI' likhA hai aura isakI gaNanA solaha janapadoM meM kI hai / sAr3he paccIsa Arya dezoM meM bhI isakI gaNanA hai aura vahA~ isakA nAma cedI tathA isakI rAjadhAnI kA nAma 'zuktimatI' batAyA hai / yaha rAjya kauzAmbI ke samIpa thA / lalitapura se aThAraha mIla pazcima meM madhyabhArata ke gvAliyara rAjya meM jile kA mukhya sthAna canderI hI prAcIna cedI kA Adhunika pratIka hai / corAka saMniveza ( corAya saMnivesa ) - isa saMniveza ke samIpa jAsUsa samajha kara mahAvIra nagararakSakoM dvArA pakar3e gaye the aura bAda meM somA aura jayantI parivrAjikAoM ke paricaya dene para chor3e gaye the / eka bAra isI corAka meM goSThika - maNDalI dvArA gozAlaka pITA gayA thA / yaha sthAna saMbhavata: prAcIna aMgajanapada aura Adhunika pUrvabihAra meM kahIM rahA hogA / chatrapalAzacaitya ---- kayaMgalA (kacaMgalA) nagarI kA vaha udyAna jahA~ para kAtyAyana skandaka parivrAjaka ne mahAvIra ke pAsa nirgranthazramaNa dharma kA svIkAra kiyA thA / chammANi ( SaNmAnI ) - isa gA~va ke bAhara mahAvIra dhyAna kara rahe For Private Personal Use Only

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376 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra the, taba eka gopa ne Apa ke kAnoM meM kASThazalAkAyeM ThoMka dI thIM / yaha gA~va madhyamApAvA ke nikaTa campAnagarI ke rAste para kahIM thA / jaMbUsaMDa (jaMbUSaNDa) isake bAhara mahAvIra ne kAyotsarga dhyAna kiyA thA aura gozAlaka ne goSThika-bhojana meM dahi-bhAta kA bhojana pAyA thA / bhadila nagarI se kadalisamAgama hokara mahAvIra yahA~ Aye the, Age vaizAlI kI tarapha prayANa kiyA thA; isase jJAta hotA hai ki yaha gA~va malaya deza meM athavA dakSiNa magadha meM kahIM rahA hogA / jaMbhiyagAma (jaMbhikagrAma)-yaha vahI jaMbhiyagAma hai jahA~ para indra ne mahAvIra kA guNa gAna kiyA thA aura Apako kevalajJAna hone kA samaya batAyA thA / isI jaMbhiyagAma ke bAhara vyAvRtta caitya ke nikaTa RjuvAliyA nadI ke uttara taTa para zyAmAka gRhastha ke kheta meM sAlavRkSa ke nIce dhyAna karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ko kevalajJAna prakaTa huA thA / / jaMbhiyagAma kI vartamAna avasthiti para vidvAnoM kA aikamatya nahIM hai / kavi-paramparA ke anusAra saMmedazikhara se dakSiNa meM bAraha kosa para dAmodara nadI ke pAsa jo jaMbhI gA~va hai, vahI prAcIna jaMbhiyagAma hai| koI saMmedazikhara se dakSiNapUrva meM lagabhaga pacAsa mIla para AjI nadI ke pAsavAle jamagAma ko prAcIna jaMbhiyagAma batAte haiN| hamArI mAnyatAnusAra jaMbhiyagAma kI avasthiti ina donoM sthAnoM se bhinna sthAna meM honI cAhiye; kyoM ki mahAvIra ke vihAravarNana se jaMbhiyagAma caMpA ke nikaTa hI kahIM honA cAhiye / vizeSa ke liye "RjupAlikA" zabda dekhiye / jJAtakhaNDa udyAna-yaha vana kSatriyakuNDapura ke samIpa thA / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne isI udyAna meM pravrajyA dhAraNa kI thii| taMbAya saMnivesa (tAmrAka saMniveza)-isa saMniveza ke bAhara mahAvIra ne dhyAna kiyA thA / gozAlaka ne isI sthAna para pArzvasaMtAnIya nandiSeNa sthavira ke sAdhuoM ke sAtha takarAra kI thI / yaha saMniveza saMbhavataH magadha meM kahIM thA / tAmralipti (tAmalitti)-tAmralipti ke baMgadeza kI rAjadhAnI hone

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vihArasthala-nAma-koSa 377 kA jaina sUtroM meM ullekha hai / tAmralipti ke samIpavartI pradeza ko kahIM-kahIM 'samataTa' bhI kahA hai / kyoMki yaha pradeza samudrataTa ke nikaTa thA aura tAmralipti baMgadeza kA prasiddha baMdaragAha thA / Ajakala midanApura jilA meM jahA~ tAmaluka nagara hai yahIM pahale tAmralipti nagarI thI / cIna ke prasiddha yAtrI huenatsaMga kI bhArata yAtrA ke samaya (isavI san 630 ke bAda) taka tAmralipti sAmudrika baMdara para avasthita thI para aba tAmaluka se lagabhaga sATha mIla dUra taka samudra haTa gayA hai| mahAvIra ke tAmralipti meM vihAra karane kA prAkRtacaritroM meM ullekha milatA hai| tindukodyAna-zrAvastI kA vaha udyAna jahA~ pArzvasaMtAnIya kezIkumAra zramaNa Thahare the aura indrabhUti gautama ne unake sAtha dharmacarcA kI thI / tuMgika saMniveza-yaha saMniveza mahAvIra ke dasaveM gaNadhara kA janma sthAna thA / vaha saMniveza vatsadeza ke antargata thA, ataH mAMgItuMgI gA~va hI prAcIna tuMgika saMniveza honA cAhie / tuMgiyA nagarI-yaha nagarI rAjagRha ke nikaTavartI thii| jaba mahAvIra rAjagRha ke udyAna meM virAjate the aura gautama rAjagRha meM bhikSATana meM nikale the taba kAliyaputra pramukha pA~ca sau pArzvasaMtAnIya sthavira tuMgiyA ke puSpavRtika caitya meM Aye the aura rAjagRha-nivAsI dhArmika janoM ne unake pAsa jAkara dharma-zravaNa aura dharma-carcA kI thI aura usakA patA iMdrabhUti ko janasaMvAda se milA thA / tuMgIyA ke jainagRhastha dhanI, mAnI aura dRr3hadharmI the, aisA bhagavatIsUtra ke varNana se pAyA jAtA hai| tIrthamAlAoM ke kavi loga vihAra nagara ko hI tuMgiyA batAte haiM, isase jJAta hotA hai ki vihAra se do kosa para jo tuMgIgAma hai vaha prAcIna tuMgIyA kA hI avazeSa hogA / tosaligAma--isa tosalI ke bAhara saMgamaka ne mahAvIra para cora kA saMdeha utpanna karAkara unheM satAyA aura bhUtila iMdrajAlika ne Apako chur3AyA thA / dUsarI bAra bhagavAn ko tosali ke svAmI tosali kSatriya ke pAsa cora ke saMdeha meM khar3A kiyA gayA thA aura kSatriya ne Apako phA~sI kA hukma diyA thA; para sAta bAra phA~sI kA phaMdA TUTa jAne para Apako nirdoSa samajha

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378 kara chor3A thA / tosaligA~va hamAre abhiprAya se goMDavAnA pradeza meM thA / mauryakAla meM gaMguA aura dayA nadI ke saMgama ke madhya meM tosalI eka bar3A nagara rahA hai / yaha tosalI hI prAcIna tosaligAma ho to bhI Azcarya nahIM hai / zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra thUNAgasaMnivesa (sthUNAkasaMniveza ) yaha saMniveza gaMgA ke dakSiNa taTa para thA / rAjagRha jAte samaya gaMgA utarane ke bAda mahAvIra ne yahA~ para dhyAna kiyA thA / dakSiNakozala--- vindhyAcala ke dakSiNa tarapha kA goMDavAnA pradeza pahale dakSiNakozala kahalAtA thA / kisI ke mata se vidarbha deza, jo Ajakala barAr3a nAma se prasiddha hai, isakA bhI pahale dakSiNakozala meM samAveza hotA thA / dakSiNabrAhmaNakuNDapura -- brAhmaNagA~va kA dakSiNI bhAga vahA~ RSabhadatta brAhmaNa jamInadAra rahatA thA / vizeSa ke liye 'brAhmaNakuNDapura' zabda dekhiye / dakSiNavAcAlA --- isa vAcAlA se mahAvIra kanakakhala Azrama hokara uttaravAcAlA gaye the / vizeSa ke liye 'uttaravAcAlA' zabda dekhiye / dazArNa - bhopAla rAjya sahita pUrva mAlava pradeza pahale dazArNa deza kahalAtA thA / mauryakAla meM isakI rAjadhAnI caityagiri meM aura usake pichale samaya meM vidizA meM arthAt bhilasA meM thI / jaina sUtroM meM isa deza kI gaNanA Arya dezoM meM kI hai aura isakI rAjadhAnI kA nAma mRttikAvatI likhA hai / mRttikAvatI vatsabhUmi ke dakSiNa meM prayAga ke dakSiNa ke pahAr3oM meM avasthita thI / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dazArNa deza ke rAjA dazArNabhadra ko zramaNadharma kI pravrajyA dI thI / bAda ke samaya meM bhI dazArNa deza jaina-dharma ke pracAra kA kendra rahA hai / dazArNapura- dazArNa deza kI rAjadhAnI mRttikAvatI aura pichale samaya kI rAjadhAnI vidizA kA kahIM kahIM dazArNapura ke nAma se ullekha huA hai / dUtipalAza caitya - vANijyagrAma ke pAsa isa nAma kA udyAna thA, For Private Personal Use Only

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vihArasthala-nAma-koSa 379 jahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra kA samavasaraNa huA karatA thA / AnaMdagAthApati, sudarzana zreSThi Adi ko mahAvIra ne isI udyAna meM pratibodha diyA thA / dRr3habhUmi-jahA~ mlecchoM kI basatI adhika thI / iMdra kI prazaMsA se saMgamaka deva ne jahA~ eka rAta meM mahAvIra ko vIsa upasarga kiye the, vaha peDhAlagA~va isI bhUmi meM thA / yaha bhUmi Adhunika goMDavAnA pradeza honA cAhiye / devaramaraNa udyAna-sAhajanI nagarI ke nikaTa kA eka udyAna jahA~ para mahAvIra ne zakaTadAraka ke pUrvabhavoM kA varNana kiyA thA / dvAravatI-jarAsaMdha ke sAtha virodha hone ke bAda matharA aura saurIpara ko chor3a kara yAdavoM ne pazcima samudra ke taTa para saurASTra meM apanA navIna rAjya sthApita kiyA thA aura dvAravatI nagarI ko apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA thA / yahI dvAravatI, dvArAvatI, dvArAmatI tathA dvArikA ke nAma se bhI prasiddha hai / bhagavAn neminAthajI ne isI dvAravattI ke bAhara IzAna dizA meM raivatakodyAna meM dIkSA lI thI / jaina sUtroM meM dvAravatI ko saurASTra deza kI rAjadhAnI likhA hai| naMgalA gA~va-yahA~ para mahAvIra ne vAsudeva ke maMdira meM dhyAna kiyA thA / naMgalA zrAvastI se rATha kI tarapha jAte bIca meM par3atA thA / mahAvIra zrAvastI se haridruka aura vahA~ se naMgalA gaye the / saMbhava hai yaha gA~va kozalabhUmi ke pUrva pradeza meM hI rahA hogA / nandana caitya-yaha caitya mokA nagarI ke bAhara thA / yahA~ mahAvIra kA samavasaraNa huA thA / nandapATaka-brAhmaNagrAma jo suvarNakhala se campA jAte rAste meM par3atA thA, usake eka bhAga kA nAma jahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pAraNA kiyA thA / nandigrAma-vaizAlI aura kauzAmbI ke bIca meM yaha gA~va thA / mahAvIra vaizAlI se sUsumAra bhogapura hokara nandigA~va padhAre the, jahA~ ApakI Apake pitRmitra ne mahimA kI thI aura yahA~ se miDhiyagAma hokara kauzAmbI padhAre the /

Page #437
380 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ayodhyA meM phaijAbAda se dakSiNa kI tarapha ATha-nau mIla para avasthita bharatakuMDa ke samIpa jo naMdagA~va hai, yahI prAcIna nandigrAma honA saMbhava hai / nandipura-jaina sUtroM meM nandipura ko zANDilya deza kI rAjadhAnI kahA hai aura sAMDilya (saMDillA) kI Arya dezoM meM parigaNanA kI hai| vizeSa ke liye 'zANDilya' zabda dekhiye / nAlaMdA-rAjagRha kA eka upanagara, jahA~ para aneka dhanADhyoM kA nivAsa thA aura aneka kArakhAne calate the / mahAvIra ne yahA~ para aneka varSAcAturmAsya kiye the aura aneka bhAvikoM ko dharmamArga meM jor3A thA / Ajakala ke rAjagiri se uttara meM sAta mIla para avasthita bar3agA~va nAmaka sthAna hI prAcIna nAlaMdA hai / yahA~ para prAcIna bauddha vizvavidyAlaya ke khaMDahara nikale haiM, jo nAlaMdA vizvavidyAlaya ke nAma se prakhyAta thA aura vikrama kI sAtavIM AThavIM zatAbdI meM pUrNa unnatadazA meM thA / pattakAlaka (patrakAlaka) yahA~ mahAvIra ne rAta ko zUnya ghara meM kAyotsarga dhyAna kiyA thA, 'jahA~ gozAlaka skandaka nAmaka yuvaka dvArA pITA gayA thA / patrakAlaka campA ke pAsa kahIM thA / paJcAla-Ajakala ke ruhelakhaNDa ko prAcIna paJcAlabhUmi samajhanA cAhiye / pichale samaya meM paJcAla ke dakSiNapaJcAla aura uttarapaJcAla aise do vibhAga mAne jAte the| gaGgA se dakSiNa kI tarapha ke vibhAga ko dakSiNapaMcAla aura uttara vibhAga ko uttarapaJcAla kahate the / donoM kI rAjadhAniyA~ kramazaH kAmpilya aura ahicchatrA thIM / pATalipaMDagrAma (pADalisaMDa)-isake bAhara vanakhaMDa nAmaka udyAna thA, jahA~ uMbaradatta yakSa kA maMdira thA / yahA~ ke tatkAlIna rAjA kA nAma siddhArtha thA / yahA~ ke sAgaradatta sArthavAha ke putra uMbaradatta ke pUrvabhavoM kA mahAvIra ne varNana kiyA thA / pATha (pADhA)--jaina sUtrokta solaha janapadoM meM se eka kA nAma pATha athavA pADha thA / yaha deza madhyama janapadoM meM thA / madhyama janapadoM meM usa samaya kozI se kurubhUmi aura vindhya se himAlaya taka ke deza mAne jAte

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vihArasthala-nAma-koSa 381 the / pATha kI sthiti isa bhUmimaMDala ke kisa bhAga meM thI, yaha nirNIta nahIM huA / pAvA (pApA)-pAvA nAma kI tIna nagariyA~ thIM / jaina sUtroM ke lekhAnusAra eka pAvA bhaMgideza kI rAjadhAnI thI / yaha deza pArasanAtha pahAr3a ke Asa-pAsa ke bhUmi-bhAga meM phailA huA thA, jisameM hajArIbAga aura mAnabhUma jiloM ke bhAga zAmila haiM / bauddha-sAhitya ke paryAlocaka kucha vidvAn pAvA ko malaya deza kI rAjadhAnI batAte haiM / hamAre mata se malaya deza kI nahIM para yaha bhaMgideza kI rAjadhAnI thI / jainasUtroM meM bhaMgijanapada kI gaNanA sAr3e paccIsa Arya dezoM meM kI gaI hai / malla aura malaya ko eka mAna lene ke pariNAmasvarUpa pAvA ko malaya kI rAjadhAnI mAnane kI bhUla huI mAlUma hotI hai / pAvA (2) yaha pAvA kozala se uttara-pUrva meM kuzInArA kI tarapha malla rAjya kI rAjadhAnI thI / malla jAti ke rAjya kI do rAjadhAniyA~ thIM, eka kuzInArA aura dUsarI pAvA / Adhunika par3araunA ko jo kAsiyA se bAraha mIla aura gorakhapura se lagabhaga pacAsa mIla hai, pAvA kahate haiM / taba koIkoI gorakhapura jilA meM par3araunA ke pAsa jo papaura gA~va hai, usako prAcIna pAvApura mAnate haiN| pAvA (3)-tIsarI pAvA magadha janapada meM thI / yaha ukta donoM pAvAoM ke madhya meM thI / pahalI pAvA isake Agneya dizA bhAga meM aura dUsarI isake vAyavya koNa meM lagabhaga sama antara para thI / isI liye yaha prAyaH pAvA-madhyamA ke nAma se hI prasiddha thI / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke antima cAturmAsya kA kSetra aura nirvANabhUmi isI pAvA ko samajhanA cAhiye / Aja bhI yaha pAvA, jo bihAra nagara se tIna kosa para dakSiNa meM hai, jainoM kA tIrthadhAma banA huA hai / vizeSa ke liye prastAvanAgata khulAsA par3hiye / pAlakagrAma-isa gA~va meM vAila vaNik mahAvIra kA darzana apazakuna mAna kara unheM mArane daur3A thA / yaha gA~va campA ke nikaTa kauzAmbI kI dizA meM thA / mahAvIra kauzAmbI se pAlaka hokara campA gaye the /

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra puDhavIvaDeMsaga -- rohIDaga nagara ke samIpavartI udyAna kA nAma / puNDravardhana - mAladaha jile meM mAladaha se chaH mIla uttara kI ora uttara baMgAla kI rAjadhAnI puNDravardhana nagara thA / Ajakala kA pANDuA athavA paDuA puNDra kA hI apabhraMza hai / puNDradeza meM, jisakI rAjadhAnI puNDravardhana thI, rAjazAhI, dInAjapura, raMgapura, nadiyA, vIrabhUma, jaMgala mahala, paceta aura cunAra jile zAmila the / 382 jaina zramaNoM kI prAcIna zAkhAoM meM eka kA nAma pauNDravardhanikA thA, vaha isI puNDravardhana se nikalI thI / puNDravardhana jaina-dharma ke mukhya kendroM meM se eka thA / purimatAla -- prayAga kA hI prAcIna nAma purimatAla thA, aisA aneka vidvAnoM kA mata hai / jaina sUtroM ke lekhAnusAra purimatAla ayodhyA kA zAkhA nagara thA kucha bhI ho, purimatAla eka prAcIna nagara thA, yaha to nirvivAda hai / isa nagara ke zakaTamukha udyAna meM vaggura zrAvaka ne bhagavAn mahAvIra kI pUjA kI thI / purimatAla ke amoghadarzI udyAna meM mahAvIra kA samavasaraNa huA thA aura vijaya caura-senApati ke putra abhagnasena ke pUrvabhavoM kA varNana kiyA thA usa samaya purimatAla meM mahAbala rAjA kA rAjya thA / puSyavRttika caitya -- tuMgIyA nagarI ke eka udyAna kA nAma / pUrNakalaza-rATha bhUmi kI sImA para avasthita eka anArya grAma, jahA~ para coroM ne mahAvIra para hamalA kiyA thA / yahA~ se bhagavAn bhaddila nagarI gaye the / pUrNabhadracaitya - campA kA vaha prasiddha caitya jahA~ mahAvIra ne saikar3oM bhavyAtmAoM ko zramaNa - dharma aura gRhastha - dharma meM dIkSita kiyA thA / rAjA koNika isI caitya meM bar3e ThATa-bATa se bhagavAn ko vaMdana karane gayA thA / pRSThacampA - - campA kA zAkhApura, jahA~ para bhagavAn mahAvIra ne caturtha varSAcAturmAsya kiyA thA / yahIM ke rAjA aura yuvarAja zAla, mahAzAla tathA piThara gAgali Adi ko indrabhUti gautama ne pravrajyA dI thI / For Private Personal Use Only

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vihArasthala-nAma-koSa 383 pRSThacampA campA se pazcima meM thI / rAjagRha se campA jAte pRSThacaMpA lagabhaga bIca meM par3atI thI / / peDhAla udyAna--bahumlecchA dRr3habhUmi ke bAhara peDhAla udyAna thA, jahA~ se peDhAlagAma nikaTa thA / isa udyAna ke polAsa caitya meM mahAvIra ne nirnimeSa dRSTi se dhyAna kiyA thA aura Apa ke isa ekAgratApUrNa dhyAna kI indra ne prazaMsA kI thii| yaha peDhAla udyAna aura polAsa caitya dRr3habhUmi ke pAsa the / peDhAlagrAma-yaha grAma peDhAla udyAna ke pAsa thA / indra kI bAta ko asatya ThaharAne ke bhAva se saMgamaka deva ne isI gA~va ke bAhara uparyukta udyAna meM mahAvIra ko dhyAna se calita karane ke liye nAnAvidha upAya kiye the / yaha peDhAlagA~va goDavAnA meM kahIM honA cAhiye / potanapura-asmaka deza kI rAjadhAnI / yahA~ ke rAjA prasannacaMdra ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSA lI thI / caritrakAroM ke mata se mahAvIra ne potanapura taka vihAra kiyA thA / bauddha granthoM meM isakA nAma potalI likhA hai / yaha sthAna godAvarI ne uttara taTa para avasthita thA / sAtavAhana kI rAjadhAnI pratiSThAna aura Ajakala kA paiThana, ye potanapura ke uttarakAlIna nAma haiN| polAsa caitya-peDhAla udyAna kA vaha caitya jahA~ para saMgamaka deva ne mahAvIra ko upasarga kiye the / polAsapura-isake bAhara sahasrAmravana udyAna thA / tatkAlIna rAjA kA nAma jitazatru thA / AjIvakopAsaka se zramaNopAsaka bananevAlA saddAlaputra yahIM kA rahanevAlA thA / polAsapura (2)-isa polAsapura ke bAhara zrIvana udyAna thA / yahA~ ke rAjA kA nAma vijaya thA / rAjA vijaya aura zrIdevI ke putra atimuktaka rAjakumAra ne bAlyAvasthA meM zrImahAvIra ke hAtha zramaNadharma kI dIkSA lI thI / ukta polAsapura vAstava meM do the yA eka, yaha nizcita rUpa se kahanA kaThina hai / udyAna aura rAjA ke nAma bhinna hone se hamane do likhe haiM / eka

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384 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra nagara ke aneka udyAna hote the yaha to nirvivAda bAta hai, parantu rAjA bhI kAlavibhAga se bhinna ho sakate haiM, isa dRSTi se donoM polAsapura eka bhI ho sakate haiM / polAsapura uttara hindustAna kA eka samRddha nagara thA / pratiSThAnapura-gaMgA ke bAe~ kinAre para jahA~ Aja jhUsI nagara hai, pUrva samaya meM yahA~ para caMdravaMzI rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI pratiSThAnapura nagara thA / pratiSThAnapura (2) yaha nagara sAtavAhana rAjA kI rAjadhAnI thI / isakI avasthiti auraMgAbAda jile meM auraMgAbAda se dakSiNa meM aTThAIsa mIla para godAvarI nadI ke uttara taTa para hai / eka samaya yaha nagara asmaka deza kI rAjadhAnI potanapura ke nAma se prasiddha thA / Ajakala yaha paiThana nAma se pahicAnA jAtA hai / jainAcArya kAlaka ne isI pratiSThAnapura meM sAMvatsarika parva paMcamI se caturthI meM kAyama kiyA thA / banArasa-vArANasI kA apabhraMza banArasa hai| pahale yahA~ varaNA tathA asi nadI ke saMgama para basI huI vArANasI nAma kI eka prasiddha nagarI thI jo kAzi-rASTra kI rAjadhAnI thI / isake bAhara koSThaka nAmaka caitya thA, jahA~ para bhagavAn mahAvIra ThaharA karate the| yahA~ ke tatkAlIna rAjA kA nAma jitazatru likhA milatA hai / culanIpitA aura surAdeva nAmaka yahA~ ke dhanADhya gRhastha mahAvIra ke dasa zramaNopAsakoM meM se the / yahA~ ke rAjA lakSa ko kAmamahAvana caitya meM mahAvIra ne apanA zramaNaziSya banAyA thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mukhya vihAra kSetroM meM se banArasa bhI eka thA / yahIM ke nau gaNarAja mahAvIra ke nirvANa samaya meM pAvA meM upasthita the aura usa dina una sabake upavAsa thA / bahusAlagrAma-isake bAhara sAlavana udyAna thA, jahA~ sAlAryA vyantarI ne mahAvIra kI pUjA kI thI / yaha gA~va maddanA gA~va aura lohArgalA rAjadhAnI ke bIca meM par3atA thA / bahusAla caitya-yaha caitya brAhmaNakuNDapura ke pAsa thA / yahA~ se kSatriyakuMDapura bhI dUra nahIM thA / RSabhadatta brAhmaNa, devAnandA brAhmaNI aura jamAli Adi pA~ca sau kSatriyaputroM ne isI caitya meM mahAvIra ke hAtha pravrajyA dhAraNa kI thii|

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vihArasthala-nAma-koSa 385 bibhelaka udyAna-grAmAkasaMniveza ke nikaTavartI eka udyAna kA nAma; jahA~ bibhelaka yakSa ne bhagavAn mahAvIra kI pUjA kI thI / brAhmaNakuNDapura-yaha nagara videha kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI kA zAkhApura thA / isake dakSiNa digvibhAga meM kSatriyakuNDapura nagara thA, kSatriyakuMDa kA uttara bhAga aura brAhmaNakuMDa kA dakSiNa bhAga ye donoM eka dUsare ke nikaTa par3ate the / ina donoM ke bIca meM bahusAla caitya thA jahA~ mahAvIra kA samavasaraNa huA thA aura donoM kuMDapuroM ke nAgarika vahA~ ekatra hue the / mujaphpharapura jile meM basAr3apaTTI se jo ki vaizAlI kA avazeSa hai dakSiNa pazcima meM lagabhaga cha: mIla para avasthita vartamAna samaya kA brAhmaNagA~va hI prAcIna brAhmaNakuMDa kA sthAnApanna hogA, aisA saMbhava hai / / brAhmaNagrAma- isa gA~va ke do pATaka the, eka nanda pATaka dUsarA upananda pATaka / mahAvIra ne nanda pATaka meM nanda jamInadAra ke yahA~ pAraNA kiyA thA / brAhmaNagrAma suvarNakhala aura campA ke bIca meM par3atA thA / bhaMgi--yaha deza jainasUtrokta sAr3he paccIsa dezoM meM se eka thA / isakI rAjadhAnI pAvA nagarI thI / saMmetazikhara (pArasanAtha pahAr3a) ke AsapAsa kA pradeza jisameM hajArIbAga aura mAnabhUma jiloM ke bhAga zAmila haiM, pahale bhaMgijanapada kahalAtA thA / __ bhaNDIra udyAna-mathurA kA eka udyAna, jahA~ para mahAvIra ne zrIdAma rAjA ke putra nandivardhana yuvarAja ke pUrvabhava kahe the / bhaddiyA-yaha aMgadeza kI eka prasiddha tatkAlIna nagarI thI / bauddhagranthoM meM isakA adhika ullekha AtA hai / jaina sUtroM meM bhI bhaddiyA kA ullekha milatA hai| kalpa sUtra ke anusAra do aura Avazyaka ke lekhAnusAra eka varSAcAturmAsya bhagavAn mahAvIra ne yahIM bitAyA thA / __ bhAgalapura se dakSiNa meM ATha mIla para avasthita bhadariyA sthAna hI prAcIna bhaddiyA athavA bhadrikA nagarI honI cAhiye / katipaya vidvAn muMgera ko bhaddiyA kA sthAnApanna mAnate haiM / zramaNa-25

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386 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra bhaddilanagarI-yaha malayadeza kI tatkAlIna rAjadhAnI thI / jaina sUtroM meM isake ullekha adhika milate haiM / AvazyakasUtra ke lekhAnusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ne chadmasthAvasthA meM eka varSAcAturmAsya yahA~ kiyA thA / paTanA se dakSiNa meM lagabhaga eka sau mIla aura gayA se nairRtadakSiNa meM aTThAisa mIla kI dUrI para gayA jilA meM avasthita haTavariyA aura dantArA gA~voM ke pAsa prAcIna bhaddilanagarI thI, jo pichale samaya meM bhaddilapura nAma se jainoM kA eka pavitra tIrtha rahA hai / aba bhI prAcIna jainamaMdiroM ke avazeSa aura purAne kile ke cihna vahA~ vidyamAna haiM / bhogapura--yahA~ para mAhendra kSatriya ne bhagavAn mahAvIra para AkramaNa kiyA thA / bhogapura kA nAma sUsamAra aura nandIgAma ke bIca meM AtA hai / saMbhavata: yaha sthAna kozala bhUmi meM thA / magadha--yaha deza mahAvIra ke samaya kA eka prasiddha deza thA / magadha kI rAjadhAnI rAjagRha mahAvIra ke pracAra-kSetroM meM prathama aura varSAvAsa kA mukhya kendra thA / paTanA aura gayA jile pUre aura hajArIbAga kA kucha bhAga prAcIna magadha ke antargata the / isa pradeza ko Aja kala dakSiNa-pazcimI bihAra kaha sakate haiM / isa deza ke lAkhoM manuSya mahAvIra ke upadeza ko zirodhArya karate the / mAgadhI bhASA kI utpatti isI magadha se samajhanI cAhiye / / maNDikakukSi caitya-rAjagRha ke nikaTastha eka udyAna kA nAma / matsyadeza-yaha deza jainasUtrokta sAr3he paccIsa Aryya dezoM meM parigaNita thA / isakI rAjadhAnI virATa nagarI thI, jo vartamAna jayapura se uttarapUrva meM bayAlIsa mIla para thI / matsya-janapada kurUrAjya ke dakSiNa meM aura yamunA ke pazcima meM thA / isameM alavara rAjya aura jayapura tathA bharatapura rAjya ke kucha bhAga zAmila the / mathurA--sUrasena deza kI rAjadhAnI mathurA mahAvIra ke samaya aura usake pahale bhI jaina-dharma kA kendra rahA hai / mahAvIra-nirvANa ke bAda to yaha sthAna jaina-dharma kA eka aDDA hI bana gayA thA / jaina sUtroM ke prAcIna bhASyoM aura TIkAoM meM likhA hai ki mathurA aura isake AsapAsa ke chyAnabe

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vihArasthala-nAma-koSa 387 gA~voM meM sabhI makAnoM ke dvAra para tIrthaMkara kI mUrti banavAne kA Ama rivAja thA / mathurA kA devanirmita stUpa jo kucha varSoM pahale kaMkAlI TIle meM prakaTa huA hai, vahA~ ke zilAlekhoM aura jainasUtroM ke lekhoM ke anusAra do hajAra varSa pahale kA eka mahAn pavitra tIrtha hai / Aja mathurA vaiSNava saMpradAya kA pavitra dhAma banA huA hai| maInA saMniveza-yahA~ para bhagavAn ne baladeva ke ghara meM dhyAna kiyA thA aura gozAlaka pITA gayA thA / yaha saMniveza kahA~ thA, yaha batAnA kaThina hai / AlaMbhikA, kuMDAga hokara bhagavAn yahA~ Aye the aura yahA~ se bahusAlakagAma hokara lohaggalA rAjadhAnI gaye the / / madhyamA-pAvAmadhyamA kA kahIM-kahIM kevala 'madhyamA' isa nAma se bhI ullekha hai / vizeSa ke liye 'pAvAmadhyamA' zabda dekhiye / malayagrAma-yahA~ para bhagavAn ko saMgamaka ne upasarga kiyA thA / yaha grAma ur3IsA ke uttara-pazcimI bhAga meM athavA goMDavAnA meM hone kI saMbhAvanA hai| malayadeza-isa nAma ke kama-se-kama do deza the / jahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra vicare the, vaha malaya paTanA se dakSiNa meM aura gayA se nairRta meM thA / isakI rAjadhAnI bhaddila nagarI jahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra ne varSAcAturmAsya kiyA thA, paTanA se sau aura gayA se aTThAIsa mIla dUra thI / malladeza-isa nAma ke bhI do deza the, eka pazcima malla aura dUsarA parva malla / mulatAna ke Asa-pAsa kA pradeza pazcima malla kahalAtA thA aura pAvA kuzInArA ke pAsa kI bhUmi pUrva malla / mahAvIra ne pazcima malla taka vihAra kiyA thA yA nahIM, yaha anizcita hai para pUrvamalla janapada meM Apake vihAra karane meM koI saMzaya nahIM hai / malla rAjya vaizAlI ke pazcima aura kozala ke pUrvapradeza meM thA / gorakhapura, sArana jiloM ke adhikAMza bhAga mallarAjya meM the / magadha se kozala meM jAte samaya malladeza bIca meM AtA thA /

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra mahApura - isake bAhara raktAzoka udyAna thA jahA~ raktapAda yakSa kA caitya thA / tatkAlIna rAjA kA nAma bala aura rAnI kA subhadrAdevI thA / rAjakumAra mahAbala ko jo bala kA putra thA mahAvIra ne pahalI bAra zrAddhadharma meM aura dUsarI bAra zramaNadharma meM dIkSita kiyA thA / saMbhavataH yaha nagara uttara bhAratavarSa meM thA / 388 mahAsena udyAna --- pAvAmadhyamA kA vaha udyAna jahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra jJAnaprApti ke dUsare dina padhAre the aura iMdrabhUti gautama Adi hajAroM manuSyoM ko pravrajyA dekara caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA kara apanA dharmazAsana pracalita kiyA thA / mAkandI -- yaha nagara dakSiNa paJcAla ke mukhya nagaroM meM se eka thA duryodhana se pAMDavoM ke liye kRSNa dvArA jina pA~ca nagaroM kI mA~ga kI gaI thI, unameM mAkandI bhI zAmila thA / mANibhadracaitya- mithilA kA vaha caitya jahA~ para bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jyotiSavidyA kI prarUpaNA kI thI / mahAvIra kI dhArmikadezanA bahudhA isI udyAna meM hotI thI / mAlava- pUrva kAla meM mAlava nAma se do deza prasiddha the / pahalA mulatAna ke Asa pAsa kA deza jo pahale mAlava kahalAtA thA / jainasUtroM meM jisa mAlava kI gaNanA anArya dezoM meM kI hai, vaha yahI mAlava hai / dUsarA mAlava Aja kA mAlavA hai| mAlavagaNa kI sthiti hone se prAcIna avantijana pada hI bAda meM mAlava nAma se prasiddha huA / mASapurI -- yaha nagarI jainasUtrokta sAr3he paccIsa deza meM anyatama "vaTTA" nAmaka deza kI rAjadhAnI thI / isa nagara se jaina zramaNoM kI eka zAkhA pracalita huI thI jo mASapurIyA kahalAtI thI / Aja isakI avasthiti kisa pradeza meM hai aura kisa nAma se prasiddha hai, isakI khoja honI cAhiye / mithilA- - mithilA zabda se isa nAma kI nagarI aura isake AsapAsa kA pradeza donoM artha prakaTa hote haiM / vastutaH mithilA videha deza kI rAjadhAnI thI / yadyapi mahAvIra ke samaya meM videha kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI For Private Personal Use Only

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vihArasthala-nAma-koSa 389 thI tathApi mithilA bhI eka samRddha nagarI thI / tatkAlIna mithilA ke rAjA kA nAma jaina graMthoM meM janaka likhA hai, ataH anumAna hotA hai ki janakavaMzIya kisI kSatriya kA mithilA para taba taka svAmitva banA rahA hogA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke cAturmAsya ke kendroM meM mithilA kI gaNanA thI / yahA~ Apane cha: cAturmAsya bitAye the / sItAmar3hI ke pAsa muhilA nAmaka sthAna hI prAcIna mithilA kA apabhraMza hai / vaizAlI se mithilA uttarapUrva meM ar3atAlIsa mIla para avasthita thI / kaI vidvAn sItAmar3hI ko hI mithilA kahate haiM aura kaI janakapura ko prAcIna mithilA mAnate haiM / mithilA ke nAma se prAcIna jaina-zramaNoM kI eka zAkhA bhI prasiddha huI thI, jo "maithilIyA" kahalAtI thI / miDhiyA yaha gA~va aMga janapada meM campA se madhyamA pAvA jAte hue mArga meM par3atA thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ko camarendra nAmaka asurendra ne yahA~ para vandana kiyA thA / mRgagrAma (miyagAma)-isake bAhara candanapAdapa nAma kA udyAna thA jahA~ sudharma yakSa kA maMdira thA / mRgagrAma kA tatkAlIna rAjA vijayakSatriya aura rAnI mRgAdevI thI / yahA~ para bhagavAn ne mRgAputra ke pUrva ke pApoM kA varNana kiyA thA / miyagAma uttara bhAratavarSa meM kahIM thA / nizcita sthAna batAnA azakya hai / mRgavana-yaha udyAna vItabhayapaTTana ke samIpa thA / yahA~ para mahAvIra ne vahA~ ke rAjA udAyana ko pravrajyA dI thI / mattikAvatI-dazArNa deza kI prAcIna rAjadhAnI mRttikAvatI bahata hI prAcIna sthAna hai / isake bAhara pahAr3I TekarI para 'gajAgrapada' nAmaka prAcIna jaina tIrtha thA, jisakA ullekha prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM milatA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra aneka bAra yahA~ padhAre the aura yahA~ ke rAjA dazArNabhadra ko apanA

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390 zramaNaziSya banAyA thA / dazArNadeza Ajakala kI bhopAla riyAsata kI jagaha thA / isase mRttikAvatI ke avazeSa bhI vahIM bhilasA ke Asa pAsa kahIM hone cAhiye / meMDhiya gA~va -- yaha gA~va zrAvastI ke nikaTa kauzAmbI ke mArga meM thA / isake bAhara sAlakoSThaka caitya thA, jisameM mahAvIra gozAlaka kI tejolezyA ke prayoga ke bAda padhAre the aura chaH mahIne ke uparAnta yahIM auSadha sevana kiyA thA, jise ki siMha anagAra meMDhiya meM jAkara revatI ke ghara se lAyA thA / chadmasthAvasthA meM Apa para gopAlaka ne bhI yahA~ para eka niSphala AkramaNa kiyA thA / zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra mokAnagarI - isa nagarI ke bAhara nandana caitya nAmaka udyAna thA, jahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra Thahare the aura dharma - upadeza kiyA thA / yaha nagarI uttara bhArata ke pazcimI vibhAga meM kahIM thI / saMbhava hai, paMjAba pradezasthita Adhunika mogAmaMDI hI prAcIna mokAnagarI ho / morAkasaMniveza--yaha gA~va vaizAlI ke AsapAsa thA / kollAka saMniveza se mahAvIra morAka gaye the aura dUijjaMta nAmadhArI dArzanikoM ke Azrama meM eka rAta Thahare the, aura varSAvAsa nikaTa Ane para phira Akara varSAvAsa Thahare the, para paMdraha dina ke bAda Apa yahA~ se cale gaye the aura asthikagrAma meM zeSa varSAkAla vyatIta kiyA thA / mosali-- yaha gA~va bhI mahAvIra ke upasargakSetroM meM se eka thA / yahA~ para Apako cora kI bhrAnti se sAta bAra phA~sI dI gaI thI para pratyeka bAra phA~sI ke TUTa jAne se Apa ko nirdoSa samajhakara chor3a diyA thA / mosali uttara pazcimI ur3IsA meM athavA goMDavAnA meM honA saMbhava hai / mauryasaMniveza- yaha saMniveza mahAvIra ke chaThaveM tathA sAtaveM gaNadhara maMDika aura mauryaputra kA janmasthAna thA / yaha gA~va uttara bhArata ke pUrvIya bhAga meM kahIM thA / adhika saMbhava kAzI deza kI bhUmi meM hone kA hai / For Private Personal Use Only

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vihArasthala - nAma- koSa 391 rAjagRha -- yaha nagara mahAvIra ke upadeza aura varSAvAsa ke kendroM meM sabase bar3A aura pramukha kendra thA / isake bAhara aneka udyAna the para mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa kA sthAna guNazilaka udyAna thA, jo rAjagRha se IzAna dizA meM thA / rAjagRha rAjA zreNika ke rAjya kAla meM magadha kI rAjadhAnI thI / yahA~ ke saiMkar3oM rAjavaMzI aura anya nAgarika strIpuruSoM ko mahAvIra ne apane zramaNasaMgha meM dAkhila kiyA thA / hajAroM manuSyoM ne jaina dharma ko svIkAra kiyA thA / jainasUtroM meM rAjagRha meM mahAvIra kA do sau se adhika bAra samavasaraNa hone ke ullekha haiM / Ajakala rAjagRha 'rAjagira' nAma se pahacAnA jAtA hai, jisake pAsa modAgiri parvatamAlA ke pA~ca parvata haiM, jo jainasUtroM meM vaibhAragiri vipulAcala Adi nAmoM se ullikhita haiM / rAjagira bihAra prAnta meM paTanA se pUrva-dakSiNa aura gayA se pUrvottara meM avasthita haiM / rADha ( lADhA ) murzidAbAda ke AsapAsa kA pazcimI baMgAla pahale rADha kahalAtA thA jisakI rAjadhAnI koTivarSa nagara thA / jainasUtroM meM rADha kI gaNanA sAr3he paccIsa Arya dezoM meM kI hai / jayantI -- koza meM rADha kA nAmAntara sujha likhA hai, parantu jainasUtroM meM rADha aura sujha ko bhinna bhinna mAnA hai / rUpyabAlukA-dakSiNavAcAlA aura uttaravAcAlA nAmaka do saMnivezoM ke bIca meM bahanevAlI eka nadI kA nAma / rohIDaka nagara--isake bAhara pRthivIvataMsaka nAmaka udyAna thA jahA~ dharaNa yakSa kA maMdira thA / isakA tatkAlIna rAjA vaizramaNadatta aura rAnI zrIdevI thI / mahAvIra kA yahA~ samavasaraNa huA thA / rohIDaka uttara bhArata meM kahIM thA / nizcita sthAna aura Adhunika nAma kA patA lagAnA zeSa hai / lohArgalA rAjadhAnI -- yahA~ para mahAvIra guptacara ke zaka se pakar3e gaye the, para bAda meM chor3a diye gaye / lohArgalA ke tatkAlIna rAjA kA nAma jitazatru likhA hai, paraMtu isase yaha jAnanA kaThina hai ki lohArgalA kisa deza meM kahA~ thI / isase milate julate nAmavAle tIna sthala hamAre jAnane meM haiM-- For Private Personal Use Only

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392 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra (1) himAlaya meM lohArgala nAmaka eka sthala thA, aisA varAha purANa se jJAta hotA hai / (2) puSkara-sAmoda ke pAsa eka lohArgala nAmaka vaiSNavoM kA prAcIna tIrtha hai / (3) zAhAbAda jile kI dakSiNI hada meM 'loharaDagA' nAmaka prAcIna zahara hai| inameM se mahAvIra jahA~ vicare the vaha lohArgalA koI eka ho sakatA hai yA nahIM, yaha kahanA kaThina hai / mahAvIra AlaMbhiyA se kuMDAka, maInA, bahusAla ho kara lohArgalA gaye the aura vahA~ se purimatAla / isa krama ko dekhate 'loharaDagA' aura puSkara ke samIpavartI lohArgala to nahIM ho sakate kyoMki purimatAla se donoM ati dUra haiM / rahA himAlaya vAlA lohArgala so vaha yadi himAlaya kI dakSiNa talahaTTI meM kahIM ho to mahAvIra kA vahA~ jAnA asaMbhava nahIM / yadi ayodhyA prAnta meM lohArgalA nAmaka koI sthAna rahA ho to bhI asaMbhava nahIM hai / vaMga-pUrva samaya meM vaMga zabda se dakSiNI baMgAla kA hI bodha hotA thA, jisa kI rAjadhAnI tAmralipti thI, jo Aja kala tAmaluka nAma se prasiddha hai| bAda meM dhIre-dhIre baMgAla kI sImA bar3hI aura vaha pA~ca bhAgoM meM bhinnabhinna nAmoM se pahicAnA jAne lagA / vaMga (pUrvI vaMgAla), samataTa (dakSiNI baMgAla), rATha athavA karNa suvarNa (pazcimI baMgAla), puNDra (uttarI baMgAla), kAmarUpa (AsAma) / caritrakAra ke lekhAnusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra tAmralisi taka padhAre the, taba sUtroM ke anusAra ApakA vardhamAna (bardavAna) taka vicaranA siddha hotA hai / vajrabhUmi-baMgAla kA vIrabhoma pradeza jo mahAvIra ke samaya meM anArya kahalAtA thA / Aja bhI vahA~ saMthAla Adi Adi-nivAsI jAtiyoM kA hI Adhikya hai / vaTTa-isa deza kI gaNanA jaina sUtrokta sAr3he pacIsa Arya dezoM meM kI gaI hai / isakI rAjadhAnI kA nAma mASapurI thA / yaha deza uttara bhArata meM thA, para isakI avasthiti kisa bhUmi pradeza meM thI, isakA nizcaya nahIM huA / vatsa--kozala ke dakSiNa aura Adhunika ilAhAbAda ke pazcima tarapha

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vihArasthala-nAma-koSa 393 kA pradeza pUrvakAla meM vatsa deza kahalAtA thA / isakI rAjadhAnI kauzAmbI jamunA nadI ke uttara taTa para avasthita thI / yahA~ kA rAjA zatAnIka aura usakA putra udayana mahAvIra kA bhakta thA / varaNA-yaha nagarI accha deza kI rAjadhAnI thii| pichale samaya meM isakA ucca nagara athavA accha nagara nAma prasiddha huA thA / jahA~ Aja bulaMdazahara hai vahIM pahale uccha nagara thA aisA zodhaka vidvAnoM ne nirNaya kiyA hai| AcArya hemacandra sUri ke mata se 'varuNA' yaha deza kA nAma thA aura 'acchA' usakI rAjadhAnI kA / vanakhaNDa udyAna-yaha udyAna pATalakhaMDa saMniveza ke pAsa thA / vardhamAnapas-isake bAhara vijayavardhana udyAna thA jahA~ mANibhadra yakSa kA maMdira thA / tatkAlIna rAjA vijayamitra thA / mahAvIra ne yahA~ para rAjJI aMjU ke pUrvabhavoM kA varNana kiyA thA / sUbe baMgAla kA Adhunika bardavAna nagara, jo kalakatte se sar3asaTha mIla pazcima-dakSiNa meM avasthita hai, vardhamAnapura ho to Azcarya nahIM / vrajagrAma-gokula zabda dekhiye / vAcAlA-uttara vAcAlA zabda dekhiye / vANijyagrAma (vANiyagAma)-yaha nagara vaizAlI ke pAsa gaMDakI nadI ke dakSiNa taTa para avasthita eka samRddha vyApArika maMDI thI / mahAvIra ke bhakta Ananda gAthApati pramukha koTyAdhIza gRhastha yahIM ke rahanevAle the / Adhunika basAr3apaTTI ke pAsa vAlA bajiyA gAma hI prAcIna vANijyagrAma ho sakatA hai / vArANasI-banArasa dekhiye / vAlukAgrAma-yahA~ para saMgamaka deva ne mahAvIra ko aneka prakAra ke upadrava kiye the / yaha grAma prAcIna kaliMga aura Adhunika ur3IsA ke uttarapazcima bhAga

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394 meM kahIM thA / vijayavardhamAna- -- yaha udyAna vardhamAnapura ke samIpa thA / vijayapura -- isake pAsa nandanavana nAmaka udyAna thA / jahA~ azoka yakSa kA maMdira thA / tatkAlIna rAjA vAsavadatta aura rAjJI kRSNA thI / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne rAjakumAra suvAsava ko yahA~ para zrAvaka aura kAlAntara meM sAdhu banAyA thA / zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra vijayapura -- uttara baMgAla meM gaMgA ke kinAre para avasthita Aja kala kA vijayanagara hI honA cAhiye jo eka bahuta prAcIna nagara hai / isake AsapAsa kA pradeza pahale puNDra deza ke nAma se prasiddha thA / videha -- gaMDaka nadI kA nikaTavartI pradeza, vizeSa kara pUrvI bhAga jo tirahuta nAma se prasiddha hai, pahale videha deza kahalAtA thA / isakI prAcIna rAjadhAnI mithilA aura mahAvIra ke samaya kI vaizAlI thI / bhagavAn mahAvIra isI deza meM avatIrNa hue the / vipulaparvata -- rAjagRha ke pA~ca pahAr3oM meM se eka kA nAma vipula thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke saikar3oM zramaNaziSyoM ne isa para anazanapUrvaka deha chor3a kara svarga aura nirvANa prApta kiyA thA / virATa ---- yaha nagara matsya deza kI rAjadhAnI thI / yahA~ para pAMDavoM ne varSabhara guptavAsa kiyA thA / jainasUtroM meM isakA virADa nAma se ullekha hai / jayapura sTeTa meM jayapura se uttara-pUrva bayAlIsa mIla para yaha prAcIna sthAna aba bhI isI nAma se prasiddha hai / visAkhA - isa nagarI kI avasthiti ke bAre meM vidvAnoM meM aneka matabheda haiM / kisI ke mata se mahAvIra ke samaya meM ayodhyA hI vizAkhA kahalAtI thI / koI Aja kala ke lakhanaU ko prAcIna vizAkhA batAte haiM / cInI yAtrI huenasaMga kauzAmbI se pA~ca sau mIla kI dUrI para vizAkhA batAtA hai / hamAre mata se vizAkhA nagarI kozala deza meM ayodhyA ke pAsa hI kahIM thI / For Private Personal Use Only

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vihArasthala-nAma-koSa 395 bhagavAn mahAvIra kA vizAkhA meM samavasaraNa huA thA / vItabhaya--yaha nagara mahAvIra ke samaya meM sindhu-sauvIra deza kI rAjadhAnI thI / isake bAhara mRgavana udyAna thA / mahAvIra campA se vihAra kara yahA~ Aye the aura yahA~ ke rAjA udAyana ko pravrajyA dekara vANijyagrAma jAkara varSAkAla bitAyA thA / paMjAba ke bherA gA~va ko prAcIna vItabhaya batAte haiM / vIrapura-isake bAhara manorama nAmaka udyAna thA / rAjA kA nAma vIrakRSNamitra aura rAnI kA zrIdevI thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne eka bAra yahA~ Akara rAjakumAra sujAta ko zrAvakadharma aMgIkAra karAyA thA aura dUsarI bAra padhAra kara usako pravrajyA dekara ziSya banAyA thA / tahasIla muhamadAbAda meM gAjIpura se bAIsa mIla para vArA ke sAmane eka bahuta hI prAcIna sthAna hai| purAne sikke Adi prAcIna cIjeM milatI haiM / saMbhava hai yahI prAcIna vIrapura hogA jisakA avazeSa vArA aba taka vidyamAna hai| vIrabhUmi-prAcIna rADha deza kA eka bhAga vIrabhUmi kahalAtA hai jisakA jainasUtroM meM vajjabhUmi athavA vajrabhUmi ke nAma se ullekha huA hai / chadmasthAvasthA meM aura bAda meM bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra yahA~ vicare the| vIrabhUmi ke uttara-pazcima meM saMthAla paraganA, pUrva meM murzidAbAda aura bardavAna tathA dakSiNa meM bardavAna haiM / vegavatI--yaha nadI asthikagrAma ke samIpa bahatI thI / vaitADhya-yaha parvata-mAlA prAcIna bhAratavarSa ke madhya bhAga meM pUrva se pazcima sImA taka laMbI phailI huI thI / isakA Adhunika nAma aura sthAna batAnA kaThina hai / koI zaivAlika pahAr3iyA~ aura koI himAlaya kI dakSiNI parvata zreNI hI vaitADhya parvatamAlA hone kI saMbhAvanA karate haiM / vaibhAragiri-yaha parvata rAjagaha ke pA~ca parvatoM meM eka hai / mahAvIra ke samaya meM isake pAsa pA~ca sau dhanuSa laMbA eka garama pAnI kA huda thA, jisakA jainasUtroM meM 'mahAtapopatIra' nAma se ullekha huA hai aura use 'prasravaNa'

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396 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra arthAt 'srota' kahA hai / Aja bhI usake pAsa garma jala ke katipaya kuNDa haiM jo bhItara ke uSNa jalasrotoM se hama samaya bhare rahate haiM / vairATa--virATa zabda dekhiye / vaizAlI - mujaphphara jilA meM jahA~ Aja besADhapaTTI gA~va hai vahIM pahale mahAvIra ke samaya kI videha deza kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI nagarI thI / vaizAlI aura vANijyagrAma kI nizrA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kula bAraha varSA-cAturmAsya vyatIta kiye the / vaizAlI jaina dharma ke kendroM meM se eka thI / yahA~ kA rAjakuTumba tathA nAgarikagaNa bhI adhikAMza jaina the / yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddha granthakAroM ne isa nagarI ko pAkhaMDiyoM kA aDDA kahA hai / nakaze ke hisAba se vaizAlI campA se vAyavya dizA meM 125 mIla aura rAjagRha se lagabhaga uttara meM sattara mIla kI dUrI para thI / zakaTamukha udyAna -- yaha udyAna purimatAla nagara ke samIpa thA / yahA~ para vaggura zrAvaka ne mahAvIra kI chadmasthAvasthA meM pUjA - mahimA kI thI / zaMkhavana udyAna - yaha udyAna AlaMbhikA ke samIpa thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra AlabhiyA jAte samaya isI udyAna meM Thaharate the / zaravaNagrAma- -- yaha grAma maMkhalI gozAla kA janma sthAna thA aura saMbhavataH magadhabhUmi ke hI kisI bhAga meM thA / zANDilya (saMDillA ) - jainasUtrokta sAr3he pacIsa Arya dezoM meM se eka kA nAma zANDilya thA / isakI rAjadhAnI nandipura meM thI / zANDilya deza kahA~ thA, yaha nizcita rUpa se kahanA kaThina hai / harakoI jile meM saMDIlA nAma kA eka nagara hai, jo relve sTezana aura tahasIla tathA paragane kA mukhya sthAna hai / yaha sthAna lakhanaU se ekatIsa mIla pazcimottara meM sthita hai / saMbhava hai isake AsapAsa kA pradeza pahale zANDilya deza kahalAtA ho aura bAda meM usakI rAjadhAnI mAtra usa nAma kA vAcya bana gaI ho jaisA ki kosalA Adi meM banA hai / zAlizIrSa ( sAlisIsa) - isa gA~va ke udyAna meM kaTapUtanA vyantarI For Private Personal Use Only

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vihArasthala-nAma-koSa 397 ne mahAvIra para jala chir3aka kara zIta kA upasarga kiyA thA aura bhagavAn ko usako sahate hue lokAvadhi jJAna utpanna huA thA / yaha sthAna vaizAlI aura bhadrikA ke bIca meM kahIM thA / saMbhavataH aMga bhUmi kI vAyavya sImA para yaha rahA hogA kyoMki yahA~ se mahAvIra bhadrikA kI tarapha gaye the / / zuddhabhUmi-prAcIna rADha kI vaha bhUmi jahA~ Arya logoM kI AbAdI adhika pramANa meM thI / saMbhavata. yaha murzidAbAda ke nikaTa kA bhUmibhAga hogA / zUlapANi caitya-asthikgrAma ke pAsavAlA eka yakSa kA maMdira jahA~ mahAvIra ne prathama varSA-cAturmAsya vyatIta kiyA thA aura pahalI hI rAta ko yakSa ne unako aneka prakAra se satAyA thA / zrAvastI (sAvatthI)-jainasUtrokta sAr3he pacIsa Arya dezoM meM se kuNAla nAmaka deza kI rAjadhAnI kA nAma zrAvastI likhA hai / mahAvIra ke samaya meM zrAvastI uttara kozala kI rAjadhAnI thI / isake tatkAlIna rAjA kA nAma jitazatru thA / yahA~ para mahAvIra ne chadmasthAvasthA kA dasavA~ varSAcAturmAsya vyatIta kiyA thA / kevalidazA meM mahAvIra kaI bAra yahA~ Aye the aura aneka bhavya manuSyoM ko pravrajyAyeM dI thIM tathA aneka dhanADhya aura vidvAn ziSyoM ko apanA zramaNopAsaka banAyA thA / isI zrAvastI ke koSThakodyAna meM gozAlaka ne sunakSatra aura sarvAnubhUti muniyoM ko tejolezyA dvArA mArA thA tathA bhagavAn mahAvIra para tejolezyA chor3I thI / gozAlaka ke ananya upAsaka ayaMpula aura hAlAhalA kuMbhArina yahIM ke rahanevAle the / goMDA jile meM akaunA se pUrva pA~ca mIla aura balarAmapura se pazcima bAraha mIla rApatI nadI ke dakSiNa taTa para saheThamaheThanAma se prakhyAta jo sthAna hai, vahI prAcIna zrAvastI kA avazeSa hai, aisA zodhaka vidvAnoM ne nirNaya kiyA hai / zvetAzoka udyAna-yaha udyAna kanakapura ke nikaTa thA / zvetAmbikA (seyaMbiyA) yaha nagarI jainasUtrokta sAr3he pacIsa Arya dezoM meM se kekaya deza kI rAjadhAnI thI / yahA~ kA rAjA pradezI pahale nAstika

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398 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra thA parantu pArzvanAtha santAnIya kezIkumAra zramaNa ne use Astika aura jaina dharma kA upAsaka banAyA thA / mahAvIra jaba zvetAmbikA kI tarapha vicare taba pradezI ne unakI pUjA aura mahimA kI thI / bauddha granthoM ke ullekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki zrAvastI se kapilavastu jAte samaya zvetAmbikA bIca meM AtI thI / jainasUtroM ke lekhoM se bhI zvetAmbI zrAvastI se pUrvottara meM avasthita thI / Adhunika uttara-pazcima bihAra ke motIhArI zahara se pUrva lagabhaga paiMtIsa mIla para avasthita sItAmar3hI yaha zvetAmbikA kA hI apabhraMza nAma hai, aisA hamArA anumAna hai| jaina aura bauddha lekhoM ke anusAra dizA bhI milatI hai aura uttara meM pahAr3I pradeza bhI nikaTa hI par3atA hai jo kekaya deza kA anArya pradeza thA / samataTa-baMgAla kA eka bhAga pahale samataTa kahalAtA thA / jaba ki katipaya vidvAn pUrva baMgAla ko samataTa kahate haiM taba koI-koI dakSiNa baMgAla ko prAcIna samataTa batAte haiM / hamArA mata dakSiNa baMgAla ko samataTa mAnanevAloM ke pakSa meM hai| sahastrAmravana-yaha udyAna kAmpilya nagara ke pAsa thA / yahA~ para mahAvIra kA aneka bAra samavasaraNa huA thA / sahastrAmravana (2)-hastinApura ke pAsa ke udyAna kA nAma bhI sahasrAmravana thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke yahA~ bhI aneka samavasaraNa hue aura puTThila, zivarAjarSi Adi kI pravrajyAe~ huIM / sAketa--yaha kozala deza kA prasiddha nagara kisI samaya isa deza kI rAjadhAnI raha cukA hai aura isI kAraNa se kahIM-kahIM ise ayodhyA kA paryAya batAyA hai / isake samIpa uttarakuru nAmaka udyAna thA; jahA~ pAzAmRga yakSa kA mandira thA / tatkAlIna rAjA kA nAma mitranandI aura rAnI kA zrIkAntA thA / mahAvIra yahA~ aneka bAra padhAre the aura aneka bhadra manuSyoM ko nirgrantha zramaNa banAyA thA / / phaijAbAda jilA meM phaijAbAda se pUrvottara cha: mIla para sarayU nadI ke dakSiNa taTa para avasthita vartamAna ayodhyA ke samIpa hI prAcIna sAketa nagara

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399 vihArasthala-nAma-koSa thA aisA nirNaya huA hai| sAnulaTThiya grAma-isa gA~va ke bAhara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhadra, mahAbhadra aura sarvatobhadra pratimApUrvaka dhyAna kiyA thA jisakI svarga ke iMdra taka ne prazaMsA kI thI / sAnulaTThiya arthAt sAnuyaSTika gA~va kahA~ thA yaha kahanA kaThina hai, para anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki isa sthAna kA dRr3ha bhUmi meM honA saMbhava hai jo prAcIna kaliGga ke pazcimIya aMcala meM thI / sAlakoSThaka caitya--yaha udyAna meMDhiyagA~va ke pAsa thA jahA~ para mahAvIra kA samavasaraNa huA thA aura va!vyAdhi ko miTAne ke liye revatI ke yahA~ se auSadhi ma~gAkara sevana kI thI / sAhajanI--yaha nagarI uttara bhArata meM kahIM thI / isake bAhara devaramaNa nAmaka udyAna thA jahA~ amogha yakSa kA maMdira thA / tatkAlIna rAjA kA nAma mahacandra thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne yahA~ para yahA~ ke subhadra sArthavAha ke putra zakaTadAraka ke pUrvabhavoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA thA / sindhudeza-jaina sUtrokta sAr3he pacIsa Arya dezoM meM sindhu-sauvIra kA nAma bhI saMmilita hai| vaidika dharma ke saiddhAntika grantha baudhAyana meM sindhusauvIra aspRzya deza kahA gayA hai aura vahA~ jAnevAle brAhmaNa ko phira saMskAra ke yogya batAyA hai / bauddha granthoM meM gAndhAra aura kAMboja rAjyoM ke ullekha kiye gaye haiM para sindhu-sauvIra kI vaisI carcA nahIM kI / isase pAyA jAtA hai ki usa samaya sindhu meM sarvaprathama dharmapracAra mahAvIra ne hI kiyA thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vahA~ padhAra kara rAjA udAyana ko jaina pravrajyA dI thI yaha to prasiddha hI hai para usake bAda bhI jaina zramaNoM ke isa deza meM vihAra hote hI rahe haiM, aisA chedasUtroM ke prAcIna bhASyoM tathA TIkAoM se siddha hotA hai / mahAvIra ke samaya meM sindhu aura sauvIra kA eka saMyukta rAjya thA / bAda meM sauvIra judA par3A aura Adhunika paMjAba kA dakSiNI bhAga sindhu meM saMmilita huA / Aja kala sindhu 'sindha' nAma se prasiddha hai aura kaccha (jo pUrva kAla meM sauvIra kahalAtA thA) tathA paMjAba ke bIca meM phailA

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400 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra huA hai| siddhArthapura-rADha deza se calate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra yahA~ Aye the / yahA~ para unako saMgamaka ne upasarga kiyA thA / siddhArthapura saMbhavata: ur3IsA meM kahIM rahA hogA / sinapallI (siNapallI)--yaha gA~va pUrva dizA se sindhu deza kI ora jAte samaya bIca meM par3A thA / isake Asa pAsa kA pradeza vikaTa marusthala bhUmi thI / jainasUtroM ke ullekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki sinapallI ke mArga nirjala aura chAyArahita the / eka sUtrollekha hai ki sinapallI ke dIrgha mArga meM kevala eka hI vRkSa AtA hai / devaprabhasUri ke pANDavacaritra mahAkAvya meM ullekha hai ki jarAsandha ke sAtha yAdavoM ne sinapallI ke pAsa sarasvatI nadI ke taTa para yuddha kiyA thA aura yuddha meM apanI jIta hone para ve Anandavaza hokara nAce the, jisase sinapallI hI bAda meM Anandapura ke nAma se prasiddha huA / kucha bhI ho para isase yaha to nizcita hai ki sinapallI marubhUmi meM eka prasiddha nagara thA jo bAda meM Anandapura ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gayA thA / jaina sUtroM ke aneka ullekhoM se ukta bAta kA samarthana hotA hai / hamAre vicArAnusAra bIkAnera rAjya ke uttara pradeza meM avasthita 'Adanapura' nAmaka gA~va hI prAcIna Anandapura kA pratIka ho to Azcarya nahIM hai / succhettA (sukSetra) yahA~ para mahAvIra ko upasarga sahana karanA par3A thA / yaha sthAna saMbhavataH aMga deza kI bhUmi meM thA / sughoSa nagara--isake samIpa devaramaNa nAmaka udyAna thA aura usameM vIrasena yakSa kA maMdira thA / tatkAlIna rAjA kA nAma arjuna aura rAnI kA tattvavatI thA / rAjakumAra bhadranandI ko mahAvIra ke upadeza se dharmaprApti huI thii| pahale vaha jaina zrAvaka aura punaH bhagavAn ke yahA~ Ane para jaina zramaNa banA thA / sughoSa nagara kisa deza ke pradeza meM thA isakA nirNaya honA bAkI hai| subhoma-yahA~ bhI mahAvIra ko bhikSAvRtti karate samaya satAyA gayA thA / yaha gA~va bhI kaliMga bhUmi meM thA /

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vihArasthala-nAma-koSa 401 sumaMgalA grAma-yahA~ para mahAvIra ko kuzala pUchane ke liye sanatkumArendra AyA thA / yaha gA~va kahA~ thA yaha batAnA kaThina hai / saMbhava hai yaha sthAna aMga bhUmi meM kahIM rahA hogA / surabhipura-zvetAmbI se calate hue mahAvIra kramazaH surabhipura Aye the aura yahA~ se nAva dvArA gaMgA pAra karake thUNAka saMniveza gaye the / yahA~ gaGgA utarate samaya eka bar3A bhArI bavaMDara AyA thA aura nAva ulaTate ulaTate baca gaI thI / surabhipura videha se magadha jAte bIcameM AtA thA aura gaGgA ke uttara taTa para sthita thA / saMbhava hai yaha videha bhUmi kI dakSiNI sImA kA antima sthAna ho / suvarNakhala-rAjagRha nikaTavartI kollAkasaMniveza se campA kI tarapha jAte suvarNakhala bIca meM AtA thA jahA~ jAte samaya bIca meM gopAloM dvArA pakAI jAtI khIra dekha kara gozAlaka vahA~ Thahara gayA thA aura mahAvIra ke kathanAnusAra hA~DI ke phUTa jAne para gozAlaka ne niyativAda kA siddhAnta pakar3A thA / yahA~ se brAhmaNagA~va hokara donoM campAnagarI pahu~ce the| isase yaha suvarNakhala rAjagRha se pUrva dizA meM thA aura vAcAlA ke nikaTavartI kanakakhala Azramapada se bhinna sthAna thA / suvarNavAlukA-yaha nadI donoM vAcAlA nagariyoM ke bIca meM par3atI thI / isI nadI ke pulina meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA ardhavastra gira kara raha gayA thA / suMsumAra-yahA~ para mahAvIra ko zaraNa kara camarendra ne indra para car3hAI kI thI aura indra ke vajra prahAra se bhayabhIta hokara vaha mahAvIra ke caraNoM meM girA thA / saMsumAra mirjApura jilA meM vartamAna cunAra ke nikaTa eka pahAr3I nagara thA / kaI vidvAn suMsumAra ke bharga deza kI rAjadhAnI batAte haiM / zramaNa-26

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402 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra suhma-kaI vidvAn hugalI aura midanApura ke bIca ke pradeza ko 'suhma' samajhate haiM, jo ur3IsA kI sImA para phailA huA dakSiNa vaMga kA pradeza hai / inake mata meM dakSiNa vaMga hI, jisakI rAjadhAnI tAmralipti thI, suhma deza thA / kaI vidvAnoM ke vicAra meM hajArIbAga, saMthAla paraganA jiloM ke kucha bhAga prAcIna suhma honA ThIka a~catA hai / taba vaijayantIkAra ne suhma ko rADha kA hI nAmAntara mAna liyA hai| ina saba mata vikalpoM kA tAtparya hamako yahI milatA hai ki hajArIbAga se pUrva meM jahA~ pahale bhaMgI deza thA usakA pUrva pradeza, rADha kA dakSiNa pazcimI kucha bhAga aura dakSiNI vaMga kA thor3A pazcimI bhAga pahale suhma ke nAma se prasiddha thA / sUrasena-mathurA ke AsapAsa kA bhUmi-bhAga pUrvakAla meM sUrasena deza ke nAma se prasiddha thA / jainasUtrokta sAr3he pacIsa Arya dezoM meM sUrasena kA ullekha hai / isa deza kI rAjadhAnI mathurA thI / sUsumAranagara-'suMsumAra' zabda dekhiye / seyaviyA-zvetAmbikA zabda dekhiye / seyaMviyA-zvetAmbikA zabda dekhiye / saugaMdhikA nagarI (sogaMdhiyA nagarI) isake samIpa nIlAzoka udyAna thA jisameM sukAla yakSa kA sthAna thA / tatkAlIna rAjA kA nAma apratihata aura rAnI kA sukRSNA devI thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne yahA~ para kumAra jinadAsa ko usake pUrvabhava ke kathanapUrvaka gRhasthadharma aura sAdhudharma kI dIkSA dI thI / saugandhikA nagarI kahA~ thI isakA patA nahIM calA / saurASTra-jainasUtrokta sADhe pacIsa Arya dezoM meM saurASTra bhI saMmilita hai / isakI rAjadhAnI dvArikA thI / mahAvIra ne saurASTra taka vihAra kiyA thA yaha kahanA sAhasa-mAtra hogA / sUtroM, caritroM meM vaisA ullekha nahIM hai / hA~, zatruJjaya-mAhAtmya jaise mAhAtmya-granthoM se yaha kaha sakate haiM ki unhoMne saurASTra meM vihAra kiyA hogA /

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403 vihArasthala-nAma-koSa __ Adhunika junAgar3ha ke AsapAsa kA pradeza soraTha ke nAma se prasiddha hai, jo saurASTra kA apabhraMza mAnA jA sakatA hai / sauryapura--prAcIna kuzAta deza kI rAjadhAnI sauryapura dvArikA se pahale kI yAdavoM kI rAjadhAnI hai| AgarA se uttarapazcima meM yamunA nadI ke samIpa jahA~ vaTezvara gA~va hai vahIM prAcIna sauryapura thA / mahAvIra ke samaya meM sauryapura ke rAjA kA nAma sauryadatta thA / yahA~ ke sauryAvataMsaka udyAna meM mahAvIra ne yahA~ ke sauryadatta nAmaka macchImAra ke pUrvabhavoM kA varNana kiyA thA / sauryAvataMsaka-sauryapura ke udyAna kA nAma jahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra ThaharA karate the| sauvIra-Ajakala kA kaccha deza jo sindhu janapada se dakSiNa meM hai, pahale sovIra kahalAtA thA / mahAvIra ke samaya meM isa deza kA rAjya sindhu se avibhakta thA / halidrukagrAma (halihuga gAma)--yaha gA~va zrAvastI ke pUrva parisara meM thA / eka bAra mahAvIra aura gozAlaka ne isake bAhara haridruka vRkSa ke nIce rAtri vAsa kiyA thA, jahA~ mahAvIra ke donoM paira pathikoM dvArA jalAI huI Aga se jhulasa gae the / hastinApura-isa nagara ke liye hastinI, hAstinapura, gajapura Adi aneka nAma kaviyoM dvArA prayukta hue haiN| kisI samaya yaha nagara kuru deza kA paTTa nagara thA / Ajakala hastinApura kI avasthiti meraTha se bAisa mIla pUrvottara aura bijanaura se nairRtya meM bUDhI gaGgA ke dAhine kinAre para mAnI gaI hai| vizeSa ke liye gajapura zabda dekhiye / hastiyAma udyAna-nAlaMdA bAhirikA ke samIpa yaha upavana thA / kabhI-kabhI bhagavAn mahAvIra yahA~ bhI Thaharate the / hastizIrSa--isa gA~va ke zmazAna meM mahAvIra ne dhyAna kiyA thA / saMgamakadeva ne yahA~ bhI mahAvIra ko satAyA thA /

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zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra yaha gA~va saMbhavataH ur3IsA ke pazcimottara pradeza meM kahIM thA / hastizIrSa nagara -- isake bAhara puSpakaraNDaka udyAna thA, jahA~ kRtavanamAlapriya yakSa kA maMdira thA / tatkAlIna rAjA kA nAma adInazatru aura rAnI kA dhAriNI devI thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne inake putra subAhukumAra ko pahale zrAddhadharma aura dUsarI bAra zramaNadharma kI dIkSA dI thI / 404 jaina kathAnakoM ke varNanoM se jJAta hotA hai ki hastizIrSa nagara usa deza kI rAjadhAnI thI, jisakI sImA kurudeza kI sImA se milatI thI / isase spaSTa hai ki yaha sthAna kuru deza se adhika dUra nahIM hogA / " [ noTa -- 'vihArasthala - nAma - koSa' meM likhe hue sabhI nAma zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra' meM nahIM Aye, phira bhI hamane inakA isameM saMgraha kiyA / isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki jainasUtroM, caritroM aura anyAnya granthoM meM mahAvIra ke vihAraprasaGgoM meM inake ullekha dRSTigocara huA karate haiM / hamArI icchA thI ki jahA~-jahA~ bhI mahAvIra vicare haiM, una sabhI sthAnoM kA yathopalabdha paricaya diyA jAya jisase aba nahIM to bhaviSya meM bhI inakA upayoga ho sake / lekhaka ] For Private Personal Use Only

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pa. pU. panyAsa kalyANavijayajI ma. likhita tathA _prakAzita graMthAvalI 1. nibaMdhanicaya 2. prabandha pArijAta 3. paTTAvalI 4. pratikramaNa vidhi saMgraha 5. zrI zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra 6. sarvodaya zAstra 7. zrI jinapUjA paddhati 8. zrI jainavivAha vidhi 9. zrI maMtrakalpa saMgraha 10. zrI tIrthamAlA 11. paMDita mAgha 12. mAnavabhojyamImAMsA 13. zrI gola nagarIya pratiSThA vidhi 14. jaina jJAnaguNa saMgraha 15. parva tithi carcA saMgraha 16. zrI jinaguNa kusumAMjali 17. zrI kalyANa kalikA bhAga-1 18. zrI kalyANa kalikA bhAga-2 19. tristutikamImAMsA 20. ratnAkara 21. titthogAliya payannA 22. cAlu carcAmAM sArAMza keTalo 23. vIranirvANa saMvat aura kAlagaNa

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zAradAbahena cimanabhAI ejyukezanala risarca senTara 'darzana baMgalo', zAhIbAga, ahamadAbAda upalabdha prakAzana Catalogue of the Manuscripts of Patan Jain Bhandara Parts I, II, III, IV saMkalana-kartA-sva0 munizrI puNyavijayajI; saMpA0-muni jambUvijayajI 1600/Studies in Jain Literature : Prof. V. M. Kulkarni 680/Makaranda : M. A. Mehendale 600/Amrita : A. M. Ghatage 600/A History of The Canonical Literature of the Jainas 250/A Treasury of Jaina Tales : Prof V. M. Kulkarni 200/Nyaya and Jaina Epistomology : Kokila H. Shah 200/Nirgrantha Vol. I (Annual, Trilingual Magazine) 150/Nirgrantha Vol. II (Annual, Trilingual Magazine) 200/Nirgrantha Vol. III (Annual, Trilingual Magazine) Dharma-beej : Muni Tattvananda Vijayaji; Tr. Digish Mehta 100/Concentration : Virchand Raghavji Gandhi 30/dharmaratnakaraNDaka : zrIvardhamAna sUri viracita, saMpA0-A0 municaMdrasUri 250/mUlazuddhiprakaraNam-1 : AcArya dharmadhuraMdharasUrijI; paM0 amRtalAla mo0 bhojaka 225/mUlazuddhiprakaraNam-2 : AcArya dharmadhuraMdharasUrijI; paM0 amRtalAla mo0 bhojaka 225/mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra : saMpA0 : prA0 madhusUdana DhAMkI aura jitendra zAha 130/pAtaJjala yogadarzana tathA hAribhadrIya yogaviMzikA : saMpA0-paM0 sukhalAlajI ____ 120/zrI siddhahemazabdAnuzAsanam : madhyamavRtti 1; zrI hemacandrAcArya, saM0 ratnajyotivijayajI 100/vIra nirvANa saMvat aura jaina kAla-gaNanA : munizrI kalyANavijayajI 100/upadezamAlA : saMpA0 dInAnAtha zarmA 100/usANiruddhaM : le0 rAmapANivAda; saMpAdaka-vI0 ema0 kulakarNI 70/candralekhA vijaya prakaraNa : zrI devacandramuni praNIta, saMpA0 A0 pradyumnasUri 50/

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500/ kalpAntarvAcya : nagarSigaNi praNIta; saMpA0 pradyumnasUri 50/nyAyAvatAra sUtra : AcArya siddhasena divAkara; vivecaka paM0 zrI sukhalAla saMghavI 25/nayakarNikA : zrI vinayavijaya upAdhyAyajI 25/nigraMtha aitihAsika lekha-samuccaya bhAga-1 : prA. madhusUdana DhAMkI 400/nigraMtha aitihAsika lekha-samuccaya bhAga-2 : prA, madhusUdana DhAMkI suratanAM jinAlayo : candrakAnta kaDiyA 250/pATaNanAM jinAlayo : candrakAnta kaDiyA 250/khaMbhAtanAM jinAlayo : candrakAnta kaDiyA 200/rAjanagaranAM jinAlayo : candrakAnta kaDiyA 150/zodhakhoLanI pagadaMDI : pro. harivallabha bhAyANI 150/tattvArthAdhigama sUtra (sabhASya) : zrImad umAsvAti praNIta 150/kavi samayasundara : eka abhyAsa : vasaMtarAya bI. dave 125/mahAvIra vANI : saMpA, becaradAsa jIvarAja dozI 75/saptaka : prA. madhusUdana DhAMkI 66/prAcIna gujarAtanA sAMskRtika itihAsanI sAdhanasAmagrI : munizrI jinavijayajI 40/zabdacarcA: pro. harivallabha bhAyANI 40/amadAvAdanI cetyaparipATIo : saMpA. ramaNalAla mahetA, kanubhAI zeTha 30/tIrthono paricaya : sAta pustakono seTa 400/* mahAtIrtha ujajayantagiri (giranAratIrtha) 0 varakANAtIrtha * tAraMgAtIrtha * jagavikhyAta jesalameratIrtha * ArasItArtha ArAsaNa (kuMbhAriyAjI) * mevADanI tIrthatrayI * kalAdhAma delavADA

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OUR PUBLICATIONS Catalogue of the Manuscripts of Patan Jaina Bhandara Parts I - IV saMkalana kartA-sva0 munizrI puNya vijayajI; saMpAdaka-muni jambUvijayajI 1600/Makaranda : M. A. Mehendale 600/Amrita : A. M. Ghatge 600/A History of The Canonical Literature of the Jainas : H. R. Kapadia 250/Nyaya and Jaina Epistemology: Kokila H. Shah 200/A Treasury of Jaina Tales : Prof V. M. Kulkarni 200/Concentration : Virchand Raghavji Gandhi 30/pAtaJjala yogadarzana tathA hAribhadrIya yogaviMzikA : saMpAdaka-paM0 sukhalAlajI 120/tattvArthAdhigama sUtra (sabhASya): zrImad umAsvAti praNIta, gujarAtI anuvAda 150/dharmaratnakaraNDaka : zrIvardhamAna sUri viracita, saMpAdaka-A. municaMdra sUri 250/candalekhA vijaya prakaraNa : zrI devacandramuni praNIta, saM. A. pradyumnasUri 50/zodhakhoLanI pagadaMDI para : pro0 harivallabha bhAyANI 150/usANiruddhaM : le. rAmapANivAda; saMpAdaka-vI. ema. kulakarNI 70/mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra : saM. : prA. madhusUdana DhAMkI aura DaoN. jitendra zAha / 130/kalpAntarvAcya : lekhaka-nagarSigaNi (vi0 saM0 1657), saM. pradyumnasUri 50/kavi samayasundara : eka abhyAsa : lekhaka : vasaMtarAya bI. dave 125/vIra nirvANa saMvat aura jaina kAla-gaNanA : munizrI kalyANa vijayajI 100/upadezamAlA : dInAnAtha zarmA 100/zabdacarcA : DaoN. harivallabha bhAyANI 40/