Sahitya Darshan

Author(s): Ramanlal C Shah
Publisher: Mumbai Jain Yuvak Sangh
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002032/1

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DaoN. razmaNalAla cI. zAha sAhitya saurabha - graMtha-4 sAhitya darzana saMpAdaka: DaoN. prasAda brahmabhaTTa zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMgha prakAzana

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Twitter sAhityadarzana sAhityadarzana' mukhyatve madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityanA ane jaina dharmasAhityanA UMDA abhyAsI DaoN. ramaNalAla zAhanA sAhitya viSayaka 27 lekhono saMcaya che. DaoN. zAha jaina sAhityanA UMDA abhyAsI che eno khyAla jaina sAhitya' ane e aMgenA anya lekho parathI Ave che. A saMpAdananI pRSThamaryAdAne dhyAnamAM rAkhI DaoN. zAhanA sAhityavivecana ane saMzodhana-saMpAdananAM pustakomAMthI pratinidhi lekho ahIM samAvyA che. temaNe Apela ekamAtra ekAMkI saMgraha 'zyAmaraMga samIpenAM nava ekAMkIo paikI eka ekAMkI ahIM lIdhuM che. - ramaNalAla zAha nA samagra vivecanasAhityamAMthI pasAra thatAM vivecaka tarIke temanI keTalIka lAkSaNikatAo dhyAnamAM Ave che. sauthI pahelAM evo khyAla Ave che ke teo mukhyatve madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityanA UMDA abhyAsI che. temaNe moTe bhAge madhyakAlIna sAhitya vize lakhyuM che madhyakALamAM paNa temanI ruci jaina sAhityamAM vizeSa jaNAya che. jainetara kavio paikI premAnaMda, dayArAma, bhAlaNa vagere vize temaNe lakhyuM che jarUra paNa jaina kavio ane kRtio para temano vadhu jhoka che e dekhAya che. yazovijayajI , samayasuMdara, vijayazekhara vagere jaina kavio ane 'tribhuvana dIpaka prabaMdha', 'jaMbUsvAmI rAsa', 'naladavadaMtI prabaMdha" vagere kRtio paranA temanA lekho dRSTAMta lekhe joI zakAya. DaoN. zAha gujarAtI bhASAsAhityanA acchA adhyApaka paNa hatA. TUMkI vArtA, karuNaprazasti jevAM svarUpo paranA lekho hoya ke alaMkAra, kAvya prayojana jevA bhAratIya kAvyazAstranA muddAo hoya ke 'sAhitya-saMskAra setu', 'lekhakano zabda' ane 'bhASA sAhityanuM adhyayanaadhyAyana jevA lekho hoya, ramaNalAlamAM rahelo gujarAtI sAhityanA adhyApaka pratibiMbita thato joI zakAya che." DaoN. 2. cI. zAha nuM A sAhityadarzana' gujarAtI sAhityakSetre temaNe karelA bahumUlya pradAnano ahesAsa karAve che. For Private & Personal use only

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ONS education internation

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DaoN. ramaNalAla cI. zAha sAhityasaurabha - graMtha : 4 sAhityadarzana (DaoN. ramaNalAla zAhe viziSTa vyaktio vize lakhelA saMpAdaka : DaoN. prasAda brahmabhaTTa saMyojaka : DaoN. dhanavaMta zAha prakAzaka : zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMgha 33, mahaMmadI minAre, 14mI khetavADI, muMbaI 400 004. - mukhya vikretA : Ara. Ara. zeThanI kuM. muMbaI - amadAvAda lekho)

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DR. RAMANLAL C. SHAH SAHITYA SAURABH - 4 "SAHITYA DARSHAN" collection of articles on Literature written by Dr. Ramanlal C. Shah Edited by Dr. Prasad Brahmbhatt Published by SHREE MUMBAI JAIN YUVAK SANGH 33, Mohmandi Minar, 14th Khetwadi, Mumbai - 400 004. (India) No Copyright pahelI AvRtti: 15 ogasTa, 2006 pRSThasaMkhyA : 3454 (chabIsaMpuTa 16 pAnAM) = 500 nakala: 50 kiMmata : rU. 320 mukhya vikretA : 110/112, prinsesa sTrITa kezavabAga, muMbaI 400 002 Teli.: (022) 22013441 Ara. Ara. zeThanI ku. 'dvArakeza' royala epArTamenTa pAse, khAnapura, amadAvAda - 380 001 Teli.: (079) 25506 573 thaipaseTiMga zArada mudraNAlaya 201, tilakarAja, paMcavaTI pahelI lena, AMbAvADI, amadAvAda-380 006 : phona : 26 56 4279 mudraka caMdrikA prinTarI mirajhApura, roDa, amadAvAda - 380001

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arpaNa DaoN. ramaNabhAInA priya vidhArthIone.. sAhebe tama sarvene hRdayathI cAhyAM, bhaNAvyAM ane potAthI savAyA bane evI manokAmanA sevI zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMgha

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ramaNalAla cI. zAha sAhitya saurabha graMtha zreNI graMtha saMpAdaka 1. jaina dharmadarzana ...........DaoN. hasu yAjJika 2. jaina AcAra-darzana ......... DaoN. jitendra bI. zAha 3. caritradarzana ................ DaoN. pravINa darajI 4. sAhityadarzana .............. DaoN. prasAda brahmabhaTTa 5. pravAsa-darzana ................prA. jazavaMta zekhaDIvALA 6. sAMprata samAja-darzana .........prA. jazavaMta zekhaDIvALA 7. zrataupAsaka .............. .pro. kAMti paTela Do. ramaNalAla cI. zAha (sahasaMpAdaka) zrImatI nirubahena zAha, uSAbahena zAha, puSpAbahena parIkha

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prakAzakIya nivedana Do. ramaNalAla cI. zAha ApaNA zrI muMbaI jena yuvaka saMghanA AtmA hatA, ane Aje paNa che. temaja jyAM sudhI A saMsthAnI gati-pragati thatI raheze, ane e puNyAtmA jyAM jyAM viharato haze tyAMthI A saMsthAne preraNA ane AzIrvAda maLatA raheze. zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMghanI sthApanA 3 jI phebruArI 1929mAM thaI. eTale A saMsthAe 77 varSa pUrAM karI 78mA varSamAM praveza karI dIdho che. DaoN. ramaNalAla cI. zAhane have ame ahIM ramaNabhAI ja kahIzuM kema ke amArA haiye A saMbodhana ja sthira thaI gayuM che, ane raheze. ramaNabhAI 1952mAM 26 varSanI uMmare A saMsthAmAM pravezyA ane jIvananA aMtima dina sudhI kAryarata rahyA. A saMsthA sAthe emano pa3 varSano dIrgha saMbaMdha. A saMsthAnA koI paNa sabhya Aja divasa sudhI ATalI dIrgha phaLadAyI sevA A saMsthAne nathI ApI zakyA. ramaNabhAI prathama saMsthAnI kArobArI samitimAM joDAyA, te samaye pU. paramANaMdabhAI kApaDiyA ane pU. cImanalAla cakubhAI zAhe ramaNabhaImAM raheluM hIra pArakhyuM ane ramaNabhAIne eka pachI eka javAbadArI soMpatA gayA, je ramaNabhAIe niSThApUrvaka bajAvI ane pratyeka kAryathI saMsthAne UjaLI karI. 1982mAM pU. cImanabhAInA svargavAsa pachI ramaNabhAIe A saMsthAnuM pramukhapada ane prabuddha jIvana'nuM taMtrIpada svIkAryuM ane jAhera jIvananAM badhAM pada choDavAnA temaNe nakkI karelA siddhAMtone kAraNe 1996mAM potAnI 70 varSanI uMmare saMsthAnA pramukhapadethI rAjInAmuM ApI saMsthAnI kArobArI samitinA sabhya banI rahI aMtima zvAsa sudhI saMsthAne pUrepUruM mArgadarzana ApyuM. sana 1972mAM ramaNabhAIe saMsthAnI suprasiddha paryuSaNa vyAkhyAnamALAnuM

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pramukhapada svIkAryuM. A pramukhapade pahelAM kAkA kAlelakara, pU. paMDita sukhalAlajI ane pU. gaurIprasAda jhAlAsAheba jevA vidvAna manISI birAjyA hatA. ramaNabhAIe jIvananA aMtima zvAsa sudhI A vyAkhyAnamALAnuM jatana karyuM ane preraNAdAyI pravacano ApavA mATe dareka saMpradAyanA pU. sAdhu-sAdhvI bhagavaMto, anya dharmAcAryo ane bhAratanA prasiddha vidvAna vyAkhyAtAone nimaMtryA ane vyAkhyAnamALAne eka AgavI yazagAthA sudhI laI gayA. Ama vyAkhyAnamALAnA pramukhapade eozrI jIvananA aMtima zvAsa sudhI satata 33 varSa birAjyA. ramaNabhAI eTale aNizuddha suzrAvaka ane karuNAno jIva. keTalAMka varSa pahelAM ramaNabhAIne eka uttama vicAra Avyo ke A vyAkhyAnamALAmAM dharmajijJAsu varga Ave che. e sarvanA hRdayamAM AvA parvanA divase karuNAnI ane dAnanI bhAvanA hoya ja. vaLI vicAryuM ke gujarAtanA pachAta vistAramAM ghaNIbadhI evI uttama saMsthAo che je dhanane abhAve potAnA sevAkAryane AgaLa vadhArI zakatI nathI. eTale paryuSaNa vyAkhyAnamALA pahelAM yuvaka saMghanI kArobArI samitinA sabhyone sAthe laI saMsthAnI mulAkAta laI evI saMsthA mATe paryuSaNa daramiyAna tenI yogyatA ane jarUriyAta tapAsI dAnanI vinaMti karavAnuM nakkI karyuM. AnA pariNAme Aja sudhI gujarAtanI 21 saMsthAone kula poNA traNa karoDanA dAnano mAtabara phALo prApta thayo che ane e badhI saMsthAe Aje khUba ja vikAsa karI sevA kSetre aneruM pradAna karyuM che. pU. ramaNabhAInA uttama vicAranuM A atizubha ane sarvajana kalyANakArI pariNAma che. A saMsthAnuM vartamAna mukhapatra prabuddha jIvana' che. 1929mAM saMsthAe potAnuM mukhapatra "muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMgha patrikA'nA nAmathI zarU karyuM ane 1933mAM prabuddha jaina' ane pachI 1953mAM prabuddha jIvana' nAma dhAraNa karI jIvananA vizALa phalakane sparzavAno saMkalpa karyo. eTale saMsthAnA mukhapatrano itihAsa paNa 77 varSano che. koI paNa prakAranI jAhera khabara na levAnA, ane bIje chapAyelA lekha na levAnA siddhAMtane vareluM A mukhapatra Aje 78mA varSamAM praveze che, eno yaza Aja sudhInA ciMtaka mahAnubhAva mAnad maMtrIo temaja jijJAsu vAcakone jAya che. pU. ramaNabhAI pUrve A mukhapatronA taMtrI sthAne zrI maNilAla mokamacaMda zAha, zrI paramAnaMda kuMvarajI kApaDiyA ane zrI cImanalAla cakubhAI zAha jevA prakhara ciMtako ane samAjasudhArako birAjyA hatA. sana 1982mAM prabuddha jIvananuM taMtrIsthAna pU. ramaNabhAIe svIkAryuM ane vividha viSayothI temaja jaina dharmanA UMDA tattalekhothI prabuddha jIvanane jJAnanA khajAnAthI tarabatara karI dIdhuM. saMsthA ane samAja A

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RNa koI rIte cUkavI zake ema nathI. pU. ramaNabhAI potAnI upasthitimAM ja "prabuddha jIvana' temaja paryuSaNa vyAkhyAnamALAnuM sukAna amArA hoMzIlA, vidvAna, kartavyaniSTha, dRSTisaMpanna dhanavaMtabhAIne soMpI prabuddha jIvana'nA taMtrI sthAnane mATe ucita veLAsara pasaMdagI karI amane AjanI ciMtAmAMthI mukta karI gayA. jJAnIjanone to ArSadRSTi hoya ja. dhanavaMtabhAInA taMtrI sthAne AjanuM prabuddha jIvana' pU. ramaNabhAI ane anya vidvAna pUrvasUrionI yazagAthAne UjaLI karI rahyuM che enI pratIti thatAM amArA sarvanuM mastaka ramaNabhAI prati jhUke che. "DaoN. ramaNalAla cI. zAha sAhityasaurabha'nA graMthonI yojanA pU. ramaNabhAInI upasthitimAM ja ame karI hatI. amArI A yojanAnI saMmati pU. ramaNabhAI ApatA na hatA. svaprazaMsAno karmadoSa lAge e bhAra AvA jJAnIjana kema svIkAre ? paraMtu amArA Agraha ane prema pAse eozrI haLavA thayA ane amane saMmati ApI. A jJAnIjana tyAre kadAca koIka "darzana' pAmI gayA haze. A graMthonA saMyojaka ane vidvAna saMpAdakonI pasaMdagI paNa eozrIe karI hatI. ramaNabhAInA vipula sAhityanuM vAcana karavuM ane enuM cayana karI vividha viSayonA graMthamAM ene samAvavuM e sAgaramAMthI motI zodhavA karatAM paNa kaThina kAma, kAraNa ke ramaNabhAInA sAhityasAgaramAM to motI ja motI. A sAruM ane A enAthI vizeSa sAruM evI spardhA ahIM zakya ja nathI. jaDIbuTTI zodhatA hanumAnajI jema jaDIbuTTI zodhI na zakyA ane Akho pahADa UMcakI lAvyA, evI vimAsaNa pratyeka vidvAna saMpAdake ahIM anubhavI haze ja. paraMtu toya kartavyadharmamAM sthita A sarva vidvAna saMpAdakoe athAga bhagIratha parizrama karyo ane ApaNA mATe A sAta graMthonuM nirmANa karyuM. A vidvAna saMpAdako prA. jazavaMta zekhaDIvALA, DaoN. hasu yAjJika, DaoN. pravINa darajI, Do. jitendra zAha, Do. prasAda brahmabhaTTa ane amArA aMtaraMga vidvAna mitra prA. kAMti paTela. A sarva mahAnubhAvone amAruM hRdaya pUrA AdarathI namana kare che. uparAMta "zrutaupAsaka DaoN. ramaNalAla cI. zAha' graMthanA sahasaMpAdako, A saMsthAnI kArobArI samitinA amArA sabhyo nIrubahena zAha, puSpAbahena parIkha ane uSAbahena zAhano AbhAra to kema manAya ? emanA parizramane abhinaMduM yojanA taiyAra to thAya paNa ene AkAra ApavA satata puruSArtha karavo paDe.

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evo puruSArtha amArI mudraNa samitinA sabhyo sarvazrI bhUpendrabhAI DAhyAbhAI jhaverI, zrI gAMgajIbhAI pI. zeThiyA, zrI uSAbahena pI. zAha, zrI vasubahena bhaNazAlI ane zrI javAharabhAI nA. zukle karyo, ane satata parizrama karI A samitinA sabhyoe amane gauravavaMtA karyA che. saMghabaLanuM A saMghaphaLa che. A sarve pratye ame hRdayano AnaMda ja vyakta karIe chIe. uparAMta A graMtha nirmANa mATe satata doDadhAma karanArA amArA karmaniSTha karmacArIo mukhyatve menejara zrI mathurAdAsabhAI yaMka, bhAI azoka palasamakara, bhAI haricaMdra navALe, bhAI manasukhabhAI mahetA ane bahena zrI jayAbahena vIrAne to kayA zabdomAM navAjIe ? haiyuM, hAma ane hAtha A traNeno sumeLa hoya to ja zubha AkAra prApta thAya. badhI sAmagrI ane sAhitya ekatrita karavA mATe pU. tArAbahena ane pU. ramaNabhAInAM suputrI bahena zrI zailajAne ame khUba khUba parizrama Apyo che. emanA rAta-divasanA puruSArtha vagara A graMtho ATalA badhA samRddha ane zobhita na ja thAta. emanA prati mAtra RNabhAvathI vizeSa lakhIe to emano mITho Thapako anubhavavo paDe. A badhI parikalpanAnA sUtradhAra saMyojaka amArA sarvenA nAnA bhAI jevA, buddhidhana dhanavaMtabhAIne to amAre AjJA karavAnI ja hoya. ane AjJA karatA rahevAnA ja. hRdayamAM sthira thayelA A amArA nAnA bhAIne zabdathI zuM kAma bahAra AvavA daIe ? ATalA vizALa kAryano ame AraMbha to karyo, paNa manamAM dhanarAzinI ciMtA hatI. paNa sAthe sAthe zraddhA paNa hatI ja. paraMtu pU. ramaNabhAInI suvAsa ane amArA pUrvasUrionAM puNya ane puruSArthano amane anokho anubhava thayo. ene camatkAra paNa kema na kahevAya ? prabuddha jIvananA 16 phebruArIno kaDaoN. ramaNalAla cI. zAha smaraNAMjali saMpuTa aMka vAcako pAse jevo pahoMcyo ane emAM chellA pRSTha upara "DaoN. ramaNalAla cI. zAha sAhityasaurabha' graMthonI mAhitI pragaTa thatAM ja e ja mAsanI 2022 tArIkhanI AsapAsa ja eka dAnavIra suzrAvakano amane phona Avyo, ane namratApUrvaka amane A graMtho mATe mAtabara rakama svIkAravAnI vinaMti karI ane tarata ja mAtabara rakamano ceka mokalI Apyo ! pU. ramaNabhAI AvA keTakeTalA zubha AtmAmAM birAjyA haze ? amArAM keTalAM badhAM sadbhAgya ke amane AvA suzrAvaka jJAnIjanano sahavAsa ane sadUbhAva prApta thayo !

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A dAtA pratye amArA hRdayamAM anero pUjya bhAva pragaTa thayo che, ane eozrInAM puNyakarmone ame vaMdana karIe chIe. A vAMcanAra sarvenA hRdayamAM paNa AvA ja bhAvo AMdolita thaze evI amane zraddhA che. A graMthone khUba ja kALajIpUrvaka ApaNI pAse pahoMcADavA mATe TAipaseTiMga ane mudraNakArya mATe amadAvAdanA zAradA mudraNAlayanA zrI rohitabhAI koThArI ane caMdrikA prinTarInA zrI rUpalabhAI desAI uparAMta muMbaInA mudrAMkananA zrI javAharabhAI zukla temaja mukhapRSThanI yathAyogya suMdara DijhAina mATe zrI mohanabhAI doDecAno aMtarathI AbhAra mAnIe chIe. A graMthonI jAherAta thatAM ja AgotarA grAhakoe potAnuM nAma noMdhAvI amane protsAhita karyA. e mATe e sarvano paNa hRdayathI AbhAra. satata sAta mAsanA parizramathI ane eTalI ja utAvaLathI A graMtho taiyAra thayA. eTale koI paNa kSatinuM darzana thAya to amane kSamA karazo. uparAMta Apane ramaNabhAInuM koI apekSita sarjana ahIM najare na paDe to amArI graMthanAM pRSThonI maryAdA che ema samajI amane daragujara karazo, paNa Apano pratibhAva jarUra jaNAvazo. Aje A graMthonuM prakAzana thaI rahyuM che tyAre ramaNabhAI ApaNI pAse nathI, che mAtra emano jJAnaprakAza ane zabdonA tejapuMjathI jhaLahaLatuM eozrInuM jJAnagata. A sAta graMtho ApanA karakamaLamAM mUkatAM ame dhanyatA anubhavIe to chIe, paNa sAthosAtha tarpaNa bhAvano saMtoSa amArA romeromamAM AMdolita thaI rahyo che. eno AnaMda ApanI pAse kayA zabdomAM darzAvIe ? A AMdolanane pU. ramaNabhAInA AtmAno sparza maLe evI kALadevatAne prArthanA. dhanyavAda. tA. 15-8-206 zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMghanA sarva sabhyo vatI zrI rasikalAla laheracaMda zAha pramukha

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saurabha graMthonI sarjanayAtrA zrI muMbaI jena yuvaka saMgha pratye AkarSaNa ane ahobhAva mane kaoNlejakALathI hatAM. eTale lagabhaga 40 varSathI prabuddha jIvananuM niyamita vAcana karato hato ane jJAna-zravaNa arthe pratyeka paryuSaNa vyAkhyAnamALAmAM acUka javAnuM thatuM ja. AvA saMbaMdhane kAraNe aMtarathI kyAre saMghamaya thaI gayo enI khabareya na paDI, ane e thakI hRdayamAM koI ajabagajabanuM saMskAraghaDatara thatuM gayuM. mAtAnA garbhamAM bALaka vikasatuM jAya ema A vAtAvaraNathI aMtaramAM koI anivArcanIya tattva vikasatuM gayuM. A kAraNe sarva prathama to zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMghane khamAsaNa bhAve namana karuM chuM. pU. ramaNabhAI ema.e.mAM amane bhASAzAstra zIkhavatA hatA. vaLI teo jaina yuvaka saMghamAM sakriya kAryakara hatA. eTale e kAraNe emanA pratye vizeSa bhAvAnubaMdha thayo. jema jema eozrInI najIka thato gayo tema tema emanI vidvattA ane emanA zrAvakAcArathI abhibhUta thato gayo. aMtaranA koIka khUNe mArA e rola moDela banI gayA. trIseka varSa pahelAM ame sahu adhyApaka saMmelanamAMthI pAchA pharatAM hatAM tyAre pU ramaNabhAI ane pU. tArAbahene pitR-mAtRbhAvathI mane yuvaka saMghamAM joDAvA kahyuM. mAre mana e AjJAbhAva hato, ane saMghano lAIpha membara thaI meM emAM praveza karyo. mArA jIvananI e ati zubha ane sadbhAgI ghaDI hatI. basa pachI to ramaNabhAI mArA upara varasatA gayA, basa varasatA gayA, ane eka pachI eka kAmo mane soMpatA gayA. mAruM ene parama sadbhAgya gaNuM sAhebano preraka ane AnaMdaprada sahavAsa, eozrI sAthenA pravAso, temaNe 10

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yojelA jaina sAhitya samAroha ane parisaMvAdo vageremAMthI ghaNuM jIvanapAtheya maLI rahetuM. zrAvakajIvana vizenA emanA vicAro ane AcArano subhaga samanvaya temanA jIvanamAM jovA maLato. jIvananA marmo hasatA hasatA sAheba ApaNane samajAve e eozrInI viziSTatA. pU. sAhebanuM lagabhaga badhuM ja sAhitya vAMcavAno mane lAbha maLyo. e badhuM ja uttama ane jIvanane UrdhvagAmI banAve evuM tattvazIla che. prabuddha jIvana' pragaTa thAya eTale vahelI savAre pU. sAhebano lekha vAMcavAno niyama thaI gayo. emanA vicArone manamAM vAgoLuM ane sAheba sAthe e lekha vize vizeSa jANakArI meLavuM. ApaNe e lekhanI prazaMsA karIe to sAheba mauna smita sAthe, nispRha bhAve e jhIlI le, ane zaMkAnuM samAdhAna kare. pU. sAhebe temano gUrjara phAgu sAhitya' graMtha mane mokalyo. navuM pustaka pragaTa thAya eTale sAheba acUka snehImitro ane abhyAsIone mokale. e graMtha vAMcIne huM to avAk ja banI gayo. ATaluM badhuM pazrimapUrvakanuM saMzodhana temaja gahana ciMtana meM bhAgye ja koI graMthamAM joyuM che. utsAhathI meM sAhebane phona karyo, dasa miniTa sudhI huM bolato ja rahyo, ane chelle kahyuM, 'sAheba, A graMthane to DI.lITa.nI upAdhi maLavI joIe. paradezamAM AvuM saMzodhana Ape karyuM hota to...' to sAmA pakSe sAhebanuM mAtra mauna ja, ane chelle upAdhyAya yazovijyajI kRta 'adhyAtmasAra' ane jJAnasAra' be graMtho eozrI pAsethI jainajagatane maLyA e to ApaNA saunuM parama sadbhAgya. e graMthonuM vizad ciMtana ahIM eka lITImAM zuM samAvuM ? ane e mATe huM adhikArI paNa nathI. eka vakhata phona upara vAto karatAM karatAM meM sAhebane kahyuM, ApanuM sAhityajagata vizALa che, enuM cayana karI cAra-pAMca graMtho taiyA2 thAya to aneka jJAnapipAsune vizeSa lAbha maLe. koNa jANe kema e ghaDI ApaNA mATe zubha haze, to sAhebathI sahaja bolAI gayuM : 'hA, hamaNAM ja mitra prA. jazavaMta zekhaDIvALAe paNa mane evuM sUcana karyuM hatuM.' paNa bIjI ja paLe e vAkyathI dUra laI javA mane bIjI vAtoe vaLagADI dIdho. huM samajI gayo ke sAhebanI mane A vAta kahevAnI icchA na hatI. paNa emanAthI 'kahevAI gayuM'! e emane duHkha hatuM. ajANatAM thaI gayelA AvAM sUkSma karmo pratye paNa sAheba ATalA sabhAna ! paNa A vAta mArA manano keDo na choDe. manamAM saMtoSa thayo ke mane jevo vicAra Avyo evo ja vicAra sAdhucarita prA. jazavaMta zekhaDIvALAsAhebane paNa Avyo che. eTale A kAma karavA jevuM to che ja, ane kudaratano AmAM nakkI kaMI 99

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saMketa che. pachI jyAre jyAre sAhebane phona karuM tyAre A vAta karuM, sAheba e vAtane TALe ane huM pAcho tyAM ne tyAM ja pahoMcuM ane sAheba sAthenI vAtomAMthI mAMDa mAMDa nAno cheda uDAvI zakyo. joke "nA" na pADavAmAM paNa mArA premane duHkha na pahoMce e ja emano vizeSa bhAva hato. e huM samajI gayo hato. tarata ja muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMghanI kArobArI samitimAM tA. 21-1- 2005nA pU. ramaNabhAInI upasthitimAM ja meM prastAva mUkyo ane sAheba kAMI paNa hA-nA kare e pahelAM sarve sabhyoe e prastAvane AnaMda-utsAhathI vadhAvIne maMjUrInI mahora mArI dIdhI, ane saMyojakanI javAbadArI sarve vaDIloe mane soMpI, mAruM e sadbhAgya. tarata ja bIje divase sAheba sAthe vigate carcA karI saMpAdaka mATe pUchyuM. sAheba kahe, "zekhaDIvALAsAheba ja A kAma mATe pUrA adhikArI che. eozrI sAthe carcA karo, ane anya saMpAdako paNa eozrInI sUcanA mujaba nakkI karo." meM tarata ja pU. zekhaDIvALA sAhebane phona karyo. eozrI khUba ja prasanna thayA. amAre phona upara vAto thatI rahI. ane anya saMpAdakomAM vidvaddavarya Do. hasu yAjJika, DaoN. pravINa darajI ane DaoN. prasAda brahmabhaTTane vinaMti karavAnuM nakkI karyuM. A nAmo meM sAhebane jaNAvyAM. sAhebe saMmati ApI. A cayanagraMthonI sAthosAtha sAhebanA jIvana vize paNa eka graMtha taiyAra thAya evo amArA manamAM bhAva janmyo ane meM bahena zailajAne phona karI sAhebanA badhA ja phoTogrApha ekatra karavA kahyuM. - bIje divase ja sAhebano mane phona Avyo, ane mane kahyuM "Avo graMtha taiyAra na karazo ane mArA mATe koI pAsethI lekha ke abhiprAya na maMgAvo. mAtra sAhityasaMcaya ja karo." vyaktinI hayAtimAM Avo graMtha taiyAra thAya to prazaMsAno karmadoSa lAge, sAheba AvA karmabaMdha mATe sabhAna hatA. sAhebano marma huM samajI gayo. meM sAhebane manomana namana karyAM. A graMthanI gati dhIre dhIre AgaLa vadhatI gaI. gokaLagAya gati ja samajo. sAhebane tabiyate sAtha na Apyo. mAre phona upara "prabuddha jIvana' pUratI ja vAta thAya ane vAtavAtamAM to pU. sAheba ApaNAthI dUra thaI gayA ! ! paNa juo, vidhinI kevI vicitratA ! pU. sAhebe jIvanaprazaMsA lakhAvavAnI nA pADI hatI. e ja kAma amAre paheluM karavuM paDyuM. sAheba vizenA prabuddha jIvananA be aMko navembara 2005no "zraddhAMjali" aMka ane jAnyuArI 2006no DaoN.

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ramaNalAla cI. zAha smaraNAMjali saMpuTa aMka. e baMne aMkonA samanvaya rUpa graMtha Aje "mRtaupAsaka DaoN. ramaNalAla cI. zAhanA zIrSakathI ApanA karakamaLamAM mukAya che. pU. sAhebanuM jIvana ane guNo prakAzita na thAya evuM kALadevatAne paNa maMjUra na hatuM. guNo DhAMkya DhaMkAtA nathI. smaraNikA "aMka' mATe lekhakone vadhu samaya ApavAno avakAza na hato. chatAM lekhono pravAha vaheto gayo. keTalAka lekhone samayamaryAdAne kAraNe e aMkamAM samAvI na zakAyA, eTale banne aMkono samanvaya ane pachIthI AvelA lekho eTale "zrutaupAsaka 2. cI. zAha' graMtha. uparano smaraNikA aMka taiyAra thayA pachI e aMkanI prApti mATe aneka vinaMtipatra amane maLyA eTale e aMka pharI chApavo paDyo. A "zrutaupAsaka' graMthanA preraNAstrota e jijJASujano ane pU. sAhebanA cAhako che. pU. sAhebanA jIvananA vividha prasaMgo, emanI sAttvika pratibhA ane emanA guNasAmrAjyanuM eka vizva ApaNI samakSa UghaDyuM jenAthI ApaNe to zuM, paNa ghaNAya ajJAta hatA. sAhebanuM jIvana AvuM preraka. graMthonAM nirmANano prAraMbha karavA DisembaramAM pro. jazavaMtabhAI zekhaDIvALAne tyAM Do. hasubhAI yAjJika, Do. pravINa darajI ane Do. prasAda brahmabhaTTa sAthe ame ekatra thayA. murabbI zrI zekhaDIvALAsAhebanuM uSmAbharyuM Atithya ame sarvee mAryuM. mArA mATe to vidvadUdarzana hatuM. sarve vidvAna saMpAdakoe kAryano AraMbha karyo, nirdhArita gati pragati thatI gaI. e daramiyAna amArA sabhyo ane cAhakoe pU. sAhebanA jaina dharma vizenA lekhono eka khAsa graMtha thAya evuM AgrahapUrNa sUcana karyuM. pU. sAheba to sarvadharma ciMtaka hatA. koI eka vartuLamAM ja emane kema rakhAya ? paraMtu jaina dharma vize eozrInuM gahana adhyayana ane ciMtana vizeSa che e paNa eTaluM ja satya. meM.pU. zekhaDIvALA sAhebane ane murabbI DaoN. hasubhAI yAjJikane A hakIkata jaNAvI ane eozrIe mArI A vAta tarata ja svIkArI eTale meM mArA aMtaraMga mitra vidvAna ciMtaka ane jaina dharmanA gahana abhyAsI DaoN. jitendrabhAI zAha upara mitrahaka ajamAvI dIdho. koIpaNa prakAranI bahA-nAnI carcA vagara Do. hasubhAI yAjJika ane DaoN. jitendrabhAI maLyA ane ApaNane be graMtha jaina dharmadarzana ane jaina AcAradarzana prApta thaI rahyA che. zrutaupAsaka DaoN. 2. cI. zAha' graMthanA saMpAdananI javAbadArI amArA saMghanI kArobArI samitinA sabhyo bahenazrI nirubahena zAha, puSpAbahena parIkha ane uSAbahena zAhe saMbhALI kAmano prAraMbha karyo. paraMtu ame vicAryuM ke A graMthane 13

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paNa mUrdhanya vidvajanano sAtha maLe to sonAmAM sugaMdha maLe. eTale 5. tArAbahene ziSyahaka ane meM mitrahakano upayoga karI vidvAna prAdhyApaka zrI kAMtibhAI paTelane vinaMti karI. zrI kAMtibhAI pU. sAhebanA ziSya, ane sAhebano ziSyo pratye prema evo ke badhA hoMze hoMze e nirNayane hRdayamAM samAvI le. sarve vidvAna saMpAdakoe abhyAsa karI khUba ja parizrama laI A sAte graMthanuM sarjana karyuM che. mitra prAdhyApaka prasAda brahmabhaTTa to mudraNavyavasthA paNa saMbhALI. A sarveno aMtaHkaraNathI AbhAra mAnuM chuM. uparAMta A graMthanirmANa mATe je je mahAnubhAvoe potAno puruSArtha A kAryamAM sIMcyo che e sarveno nAmollekha amArA pramukhazrIe prakAzakIya nivedanamAM karyo che, e bhAvamAM huM mArA bhAvanuM AropaNa karuM chuM. A graMthonI sAmagrI ekaThI karavAmAM sakhata ane satata parizrama to pU. tArAbahena ane bahena zailajAe karyo che. e mArAM moTAM bahena tulya pU. tArAbahenanAM caraNomAM vaMdana karI bahena zailajAne abhinaMdu chuM. saMyojaka tarIke mane pasaMda karI mArA upara AvA AtmasaMtarpaka zubha kAma mATe vizvAsa mUkI mane mokaLA mane A kAma karavA dIdhuM ane mane aDhaLaka prema Apyo evA muMbaI jena yuvaka saMghanI kArobArI samitinA sarve sabhyono AbhAra mAnavA mArI pAse zabdo nathI ja. e sarve pratye hRdaya name che. samagra graMtharacanAmAM mArI kAMI kSati daSTie paDe to Apa sarve vAcaka mahAnubhAvo mane kSamA karazo. ane pU. sAhebanuM RNa to kaI rIte cUkavuM ? zakya ja nathI. huM bhale mULa adhyApakano jIva, paraMtu mArA udyogonA saMcAlanamAM khUba ja vyasta rahuM sadbhAgye pU. sAhebe mAro hAtha pakaDI lIdho ane udyoga-vyApAragatamAM pUro garakAva thaI jAuM e pahelAM ja pU. sAhebe mane samatulAmAM besADI dIdho. pU. sAhebe mArI lekhanacetanAne phUMka na mArI hota to huM mAtra vyApArI ja rahyo hota. A upakAra to bhavobhavamAM nahi cUkavI zakAya. A graMthonA vAcanathI ApaNA sarvanuM hRdaya vikasita thAya evI paramAtmAne prArthanA. tA. 15-8-2006 - dhanavaMta zAha epha-76, vinasa epArTamenTa, varalI sI phesa-sAutha, muMbaI-400 018. 14

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sahunA ramaNabhAI zrI muMbaI jena yuvaka saMgha eka labdhapratiSTha saMsthA che. jIvananAM ghaNAM kSetre enI karuNA preraka ane saMskAralakSI pravRttione kAraNe samagra bhAratanI jaina saMsthAomAM enuM AgavuM ane mAnabharyuM sthAna che. ghaNI vyaktioe potAnuM sattva, sAmarthya ane sevA ApIne A saMsthAne mahAna banAvI che. A saMsthAnA 77 varSanA itihAsamAM eka hRdayasaMtarpaka ghaTanA ghaTI rahI che. mArA pati ane saMsthAnA bhUtapUrva pramukha DaoN. ramaNabhAInA pragaTa thayelA sarva sAhityamAMthI cayana karIne cha graMtho ane temane zraddhAMjali arpatA lekhono eka graMtha "zruta upAsaka ramaNabhAI' - A sAta graMtha uparAMta temanAM vyAkhyAnonI eka sI.DI.nA vimocanano prasaMga UjavAI rahyo che. A prasaMga eTale zrI jaina yuvaka saMghanA sabhyo ane ramaNabhAInA vizALa cAhakavarganA hRdayamAM ramaNabhAI pratye pragaTa thatA snehAdarano utsava. zrI muMbaI jena yuvaka saMgha sAthe ramaNabhAIno saMbaMdha AtmIya, anokho ane avarNanIya che. 1952thI 2005 eTale pa3 varSano saMbaMdha. saMghanA sabhya, kamiTI membara, saMghanA pramukha, vyAkhyAnamALAnA pramukha ane prabuddha jIvana'nA taMtrI tarIkeno saMbaMdha. Ama vividha stare sukhada, yazasvI ane phaLadAyI rahyo che. ramaNabhAI bhAgyazALI hatA. saMgha sAthenA saMbaMdhanI zarUAtamAM ja zrI maNilAla mokamacaMda zAha, zrI ratibhAI koThArI, zrI paramAnaMdabhAI kApaDiyA, zrI cImanalAla cakubhAI zAha, zrI khImajI mAMDaNa bhUjapUriyA, mArA pitAzrI dIpacaMdabhAI zAha, zrI TI. jI. zAha vagere vaDIlonA prema ane sadbhAva temane maLyA. temAM temaNe potAnI sevA ane AgavI sUjha umerIne ene aneka gaNo vistAryo. vaDIlonuM vAtsalya ane vizvAsa, samavayaskano prema ane potAnAthI nAnAno Adara ramaNabhAInI e 15

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moTI upalabdhi che. ramaNabhAIe jIvananA dareka kSetre potAnuM uttamottama yogadAna ApyuM. kuTuMba ke kaoNleja hoya, yunivarsiTI ke judI judI saMsthAo hoya, maMDaLa, adhyayana ke adhyApana, pravAsa, pravacana ke lekhana hoya, N.C.C. ke samAjasevAno koI prazna hoya. te dareka mATe temaNe mana mUkIne svayaM mahenata laIne saccAIpUrvaka kAma karyuM che. kyAMya UNapa, adhUrapa ke kacAza na rahe e mATe khUba prayatnazIla rahetA. tethI temanuM dareka kAma saMpUrNa, samucita ane suyaza apAvanAruM thayuM che. enAM ghaNAM kAraNo che. N.C.C.nI lazkarI tAlImane lIdhe zista, svAvalaMbIpaNuM ane apramattabhAva temanAmAM Avyo. jaina dharmanA abhyAsa, dharmaArAdhanA ane ciMtanapradhAna prakRtinA kAraNe temanAmAM jAgRti, kartavyaniSThA ane vyApaka karuNAbhAva Avyo. mAtApitAnA saMskAra ane pUrvajanmanA puNyodayane kAraNe temanA dareka kAryamAM sArAM pariNAma AvyAM. . dareka pravRtti ane paristhitimAM kaMIka zubha ane kalyANakArI tattva jovAnI dRSTine ane vicAraNAne kAraNe, kaMIka phaLadAyI karavAnI bhAvanAthI saMghanI pravRttimAM ramaNabhAI navuM navuM umeratA gayA. dareka taba temaNe saMghanA vikAsano vicAra karyo. paryuSaNa vyAkhyAnamALAmAM jaina dharmanA dareka phIrakAnA ane anya dharmanA sAdhusaMto, paMDito, vidvAnone AmaMtraNa ApatA. jIvananA vividha kSetre karuNAnI pravRttio, asthi sAravAra, netrayajJo, cAmaDInA rogonI sAravAra uparAMta Arthika rIte jarUriyAtamaMdane rAhata maLe tevI yojanAo uparAMta saMskAralakSI pravRttio, saMgIta. vastRtvakalA, zikSaNa-sAhitya-arthazAstra, rAjakAraNa vagere viSayonI vividha vyAkhyAna zreNI, pustaka prakAzana vagere cAlu karyA. A sarva pravRttimAM sahu sabhyonI saMmati ane sahakAra temane maLyA. kamiTInA sabhyono utsAhapUrvakano sahakAra, keTalAka kAmanI javAbadArI levAnI tatparatA, cIvaTathI kAma karavAnI taiyArI, pravRtti mATe phaMDa ekaThuM karavAnI temanI takedArI vagerethI ramaNabhAInuM kAma saraLa banatuM. kamiTImAM ekarUpatA ane kartavyaparAyaNatAnuM vAtAvaraNa rahetuM. pramukhasthAnethI nivRtta thayA pachI paNa A pravRttio cAlu rahI. AvI lokopayogI ane uttama pravRttione kAraNe saMsthAnI chabI vadhu ujvaLa thatI gaI. saMsthAnA vikAsanI sAthe sAthe ane saMsthAnA kAraNe ramaNabhAIno potAno vikAsa ghaNo thayo. prabuddha jIvananA agralekhonA nimitte sAhitya ane dharmano UMDo abhyAsa thayo. te temanA cAritryavikAsamAM madadarUpa thayo. karuNAnA kAmane lIdhe judI judI saMsthAono pratyakSa paricaya thayo, tethI karuNAnAM kayAM ane kevAM kAma karavA jevAM che, temanA manamAM tenI vicAraNA satata thatI rahetI. yuvaka saMghamAM "dIpacaMda tribhovanadAsa TrasTamAM chapAyelAM temanAM jaina 16

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dharmaviSayaka pustako, prabuddha jIvana', jaina dharmanI keseTa deza-paradeza pahoMcyAM, jethI temanA prazaMsaka varga ane temanuM mitravartuLa vikasatuM gayuM. jaina yuvaka saMghanI pravRtti viSayaka vicAro ramaNabhAInA jIvanamAM agrasthAne rahetA. jema ramaNabhAInA hRdayamAM A saMsthA agrasthAne hatI tema saMsthAnA hRdayamAM ramaNabhAI Aje paNa jIvaMta che. saMsthAe ramaNabhAI mATenA ananya, akhUTa prema, lAgaNI, ane kRtajJabhAva vyakta karavA tathA ramaNabhAInI smRti jALavavA eka vizALa samAraMbhanuM Aje Ayojana karyuM che te dhanyavAdane pAtra che. AvI satata vikAsazIla saMsthA sAtheno saMbaMdha e amArA parivAra mATe gaurava ane dhanyatAno anubhava che. ramaNabhAI sahunA hatA ane sahunAM hRdayamAM temanuM premabharyuM sthAna che te jANIne AnaMdanI, kRtArthatAnI lAgaNI ane anubhavIe chIe. A samAraMbhane saphaLa banAvavA ghaNI vyaktioe potAnI zakti siMcI che, saddabhAvapUrvaka samaya Apyo che teno vicAra karIe tyAre kRtajJa bhAvathI, AbhArathI te sahune amAruM mastaka name che. kono kono AbhAra mAnuM ? sahu prathama AbhAra parama hitakArI paramAtmAno jeNe mArA pati DaoN. ramaNabhAIne aDhaLaka bhAva darzAvanArAM AvAM snehIjano ApyA. AbhAra zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMghanI pUrva kAryavAhaka samitinA sabhyo temaja saMghanA sabhyono ane vizeSataH vartamAna kAryavAhaka samitinA padAdhikArIo, pramukha zrI rasikalAla laheracaMda zAha, upapramukha zrI caMdrakAMtabhAI zAha, maMtrIo - zrImatI nirubahena zAha, zrI dhanavaMtabhAI zAha, sahamaMtrI zrI varSAbahena zAha, koSAdhyakSa zrI bhUpendrabhAI jhaverIno ane samitinA anya sabhyo temaja saMghanA sarva sabhyono, jemanA saddabhAvabharyA nirNaya ane tene anurUpa kAryavAhIne kAraNe A prasaMganuM ane graMthonuM nirmANa thayuM. AbhAra trizalA IlekTroniksanA sUtradhAra zrI zAMtibhAI ane zrI mahendrabhAIno jemaNe yuvaka saMghanI paryuSaNa vyAkhyAnamALAmAM DaoN. ramaNabhAIe ApelAM vyAkhyAnonI keseTo uparAMta upalabdha anya keseTo samAvI laIne DaoN. ramaNabhAInAM vyAkhyAnonI sI.DI. taiyAra karI. prabuddha jIvananA navembaranA zraddhAMjali aMka ane jAnyuArInA smaraNAMjali aMkamAM saMdezA mokalanAra ane ramaNabhAIne AdarAMjali ApatA lekho mATe pU. sAdhu-sAdhvI samudAya, saMto, svajano, vaDIlo, mitro, vidyArthI bhAI-bahenono AbhAra mAnuM eTalo ocho che. te sahunA aMtastalamAMthI premanA, prazaMsAnA, guNAnurAganA, kRtajJatAnA bhAvo kevA chalakAya che ! vizeSataH DaoN. kumArapALa desAIno sahu prathama ramaNabhAInA jIvananI 17

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laMbANathI vigato ApI gujarAta ane muMbaInAM vartamAnapatromAM zraddhAMjali lekha ApavA mATe. kRtajJabhAve sahuno AbhAra. AbhAra cha graMthonA vidvAna saMpAdako - prA. zrI jazavaMta zekhaDIvALA, Do. pravINabhAI darajI, DaoN. hasubhAI yAjJika, DaoN. jitendrabhAI zAha, DaoN. prasAdabhAI brahmabhaTTa jemaNe Do. ramaNabhAInA vizALa sAhityano abhyAsa karI premathI parizrama laI A cha graMthonuM saMpAdanakArya karyuM. AbhAra "zrutaupAsaka ramaNabhAI' graMtha mATe sahAya karanAra traNa saMpAdakabaheno zrImatI nirubahena zAha, zrImatI puSpAbahena parIkha, zrImatI uSAbahena zAhano. AbhAra "zrutaupAsaka ramaNabhAI graMthanA mukhya saMpAdaka vidvAna pro. kAntibhAI paTelano. pustakane suMdara ane gauravaprada banAvavA jarUrI badhI vigatono vicAra ane kAryavAhI karavA mATe ane prastAvanA lakhavA mATe. AbhAra saMghanI mudraNa kamiTino - mudraNa mATe jarUrI taiyArI mATe. AbhAra zrI javAharabhAI zuklano, have jeo amArAmAMnA eka che - bhAvathI ane kAryathI. zraddhAMjali ane smaraNAMjali aMkonA lekhone ekatra karI zrutaupAsaka ramaNabhAI' graMtha taiyAra karavA mATe. chellI ghaDInA pheraphAro ane sUcanone udArabhAve sahI, svIkArI, zramapUrvaka suMdara kAma karI ApavA mATe. snehI zrI mohanabhAI doDecA jemaNe graMthonA suMdara ane suyogya mukhapRSTha karI ApyAM ane chabIonI goThavaNI mATe yogya mArgadarzana ApyuM e mATe eozrIno aMtaHkaraNapUrvaka AbhAra mAnuM chuM. AbhAra mi. sAMInAtha, ajitA ane anya karmacArIgaNano merethona grUpa) athAga mahenata laI phoTA ane citro skena karavA ane citronI suMdara goThavaNI karI ApavA mATe. - zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMghanA ophisa sTAphane to kema bhulAya ? sahuno hRdayapUrvaka AbhAra. saMghanA menejara zrI mathurAdAsabhAI TAMka jemaNe pustako ane prasaMgane saphaLa banAvavA mATe khUba jahemata laI, jarUra paDye musApharI paNa karI ane ucita kAryavAhI karIne tanatoDa mahenata karI e mATe emano hRdayapUrvaka AbhAra. saMghanA karmacArIgaNa zrI jayAbahena vIrA, zrI azoka palasamakara, harIcaraNa, manasukhabhAI vagerenI niSThAbharI mahenata ane sahakAra mATe paNa AbhAra. AbhAra DaoN. gulAbabhAI deDhiyAno - jyAre paNa jarUra paDe tyAre nikaTanA svajanabhAve yogya sUcano ane mArgadarzana mATe, AbhAra putrI sau. zailajA ane jamAI zrI cetanabhAIno. yogya sUcano, mArgadarzana ane athAka mahenata mATe prasaMga ane pustaka mATe jarUrI sAmagrI ekaThI 18

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karavI, jarA paNa UNapa ke kacAza na rahe, dareka vastu yathAyogya ane saMpUrNa rIte saphaLa bane tenI takedArI rAkhavI vagere kAryo atyaMta niSThApUrvaka, pitRtarpaNanI umadA bhAvanAthI ane bhaktibhAvathI karavA mATe. AvA ja bhAvathI amArA putra amitAbha ane putravadhU surabhi amerikAthI yogya sUcano mokalatAM rahyAM, temane kema bhUluM ? AbhAra, zrImad rAjacaMdra Azrama, dharamapuranA praNetA pU. Do. rAkezabhAIno ane temanA viDIyo DipArTamenTano vizeSataH bahena darzitA kApaDiyA, bhakti cheDA ane caitAlI mAladeno ane anya sahAyakono. DaoN. ramaNabhAI pratye avarNanIya Adara ane sanmAnanI lAgaNIthI prerAIne DaoN. rAkezabhAIe AnaMdathI, cIvaTathI, svayaM rasa laI potAnA AzramavAsIo pAse DaoN. ramaNabhAInA jIvana ane lekhana AdhArita viDiyo projekzana taiyAra karAvyAM. temanI sUjha-sahakAra, sabhAva mATe jeTalo AbhAra mAnuM teTalo ocho. mRtadevatA emanA para sadAya prasanna rahe. navembara 2005 ane jAnyuArI 2006nA Do. ramaNabhAI vizenA "prabuddha jIvana'nA zraddhAMjali ane smaraNAMjali aMkonI sAmagrIthI ane e aMkomAM pragaTa thanAra sAta graMthonI jAherAtathI prabhAvita thaI DaoN. ramaNabhAInA snehI suzrAvaka zrI sI. ke. mahetAsAhebe graMthanA prakAzana mATe udArabhAve saMghane mAtabara rakamanI Arthika sahAya karI amane nizcita karI dIdhAM. emano AbhAra mAnavA mArI pAse zabdo nathI. AvA suzrAvaka para jinazAsananI kRpA varaso evI zubha bhAvanA. sauthI pahelo jemano AbhAra mAnavo joIe temano sauthI chello mAnuM chuM te amArA yuvaka saMghanA utsAhI maMtrI ane amArAM bannenA svajana - amArA nAnA bhAI samAM DaoN. dhanavaMtabhAI zAhano. DaoN. ramaNabhAInA 75mA varSe pustakonA prakAzananI yojanA sahu prathama emaNe rajU karI. traNa varSo sudhI yAda karAvI ramaNabhAI pAse te AgrahapUrvaka maMjUra karAvI. avasara Avye potAnA atyaMta vyasta jIvanamAMthI samaya kADhI suMdara ane saMpUrNa rIte kArya saMpanna karyuM. ramaNabhAI pratyenA Adara ane ahobhAvathI prerAIne, Azcaryajanaka vAdArI sAthe, utsAhathI, kyAMya kacAza na rahe te lakSamAM rAkhIne kArya karyuM. temanA vinA A kArya zakya ja nahotuM. snehabhAve sAtha-sahakAra mATe temanAM patnI smitAbahenano paNa AbhAra. bhagavAna mahAvIranI kRpA sahu para varasI raho. tA. 15-8-2006 - tArA 2maNalAla zAha 301, trideva naM. 1, bhakti mArga, muluMDa (pazcima), muMbaI-400080. 19

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saMpAdakIya DaoN. 2. cI. zAhanuM sAhityadarzana' zrI ramaNalAla cImanalAla zAhano janma vaDodarA jillAnA pAdarA gAme I. 1926nA DisembaranI trIjIe thayo hato. temaNe prAthamika zikSaNa pAdarAmAM ane mAdhyamika zikSaNa muMbaImAM meLavyuM hatuM. 1944mAM teo meTrika thayA. 1948mAM gujarAtI-saMskRta viSayo sAthe muMbaInI senTa jheviyarsa kaoNlejamAMthI bI.e. ane 1950mAM ema.e. thayA. ema.e.mAM yunivarsiTImAM prathama AvavA badala temane ba. ka. ThAkora suvarNacaMdraka tathA ke. ha. dhruva pAritoSika prApta thayAM hatAM. naLa ane damayaMtInI kathAno vikAsa' viSaya para mahAnibaMdha lakhIne temaNe 196 1mAM pIeca.DI.nI padavI paNa prApta karI hatI. 1951thI 1970 sudhI senTa jheviyarsa kaoNleja, muMbaImAM prAdhyApaka ane 1970thI nivRtti parvata muMbaI yunivarsiTImAM gujarAtInA prAdhyApaka ane adhyakSa rahyA hatA. mukhyatve madhyakALIna gujarAtI sAhityanA ane jaina dharma-sAhityanA UMDA abhyAsI ramaNabhAI pAsethI sAhitya vivecanakSetre mUlyavAna sAhitya sAMpaDyuM che. "paDilehA' (1979) temanA prAcIna ane madhyakAlIna sAhitya, sAhityakAro ane vicAradhArA vizenA abhyAsalekhono saMgraha che. temAM dasa abhyAsalekho saMgRhIta thayA che. saMgrahano prathama lekha prAcIna bhAratanA vAdo' vize che. bIjA lekhamAM temaNe vikramanA navamA saikAmAM prAkRta bhASAmAM zrI udyotanasUri dvArA racAyela lagabhaga 1300 zlokanA graMthamaNi 'kuvalayamAlAnI vistRta samIkSA karI che. caMpU svarUpanI A viziSTa racanAno vigate paricaya karAvI DaoN. zAhe tenI vizeSatAo upasAvI che ane aMte abhiprAya Apyo che, " "kulalayamAlA e 20

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mAtra prAkRta bhASAnuM ja aneruM AbhUSaNa nathI, jagatanA tamAma sAhityamAM gauravabharyuM sthAna pAmI zake evuM aNamola ratna che. samagra lekha A abhiprAyanuM samartha karI rahe che. ramaNabhAIe A prAkRta mahAkathAnA gurjarAnuvAdanuM saMpAdana paNa karyuM che. kalikAlasarvajJa tarIke jANItA thayelA hemacaMdrAcAryano jIvanakALa gujarAtI bhASAsAhityano udgamakALa che. temanA prasiddha pustaka 'siddhahema'mAMthI ja gujarAtI bhASAnI prAraMbhika kRtio sAMpaDe che. hemacaMdrAcAryanA jIvana ane kavanano paricaya eka lekhamAM maLe che. DaoN. 2. cI. zAha jaina dharma ane sAhityanA UMDA abhyAsI che eno khyAla jaina sAhitya' ane e aMgenA anya lekho parathI Ave che. paDilehA'no aMtima lekha I. sa. 1450thI 1600 daramiyAna madhyakAlIna gujarAtI jaina sAhityanI chaNAvaTa kare che. A samayagALAnAM mukhya sAhitya svarUpo, kavio, kRtiono paricaya A abhyAsalekhamAM prApta thAya che. sAhityanA itihAsamAM je kaviono nAmollekha maLe che ane nAmollekha sudhdhAM nathI maLato evA saMkhyAbaMdha jaina kavio vize temanA abhyAsalekhamAM adhikRta mAhitI maLe che. 'sAMprata sahaciMtana'nA trIjA bhAgamAM jaina sAhitya - kSetra ane dizAsUcana' nAmaka lekha paNa sAMpaDe che e ahIM noMdhavuM joIe. jainasAhitya' lekhamAM koI kavi ke kRti vize vistArathI lakhavAnuM zakya na hatuM. A saMgrahanA cAra abhyAsalekho - yazovijayajI ane emano jaMbUsvAmI rAsa', 'kavivara samayasuMdara ane emanI be rAsakRtio', 'tribhuvanadIpakaprabaMdha' ane vijayaprabharacita 'gautamasvAmIno rAsa'mAM je te kavi ane kRtinI vistRta vivecanA sAMpaDe che. 'samayasuMda2'vize gujarAtI graMthakAra zreNInA 16mA mahAkAmAM laghugraMtha ApanAra DaoN. zAha ahIM samayasuMdarano paricaya karAvI temanI mahattvanI be rAsakRtio - "bhRgAvatI ciratra copAI' ane 'valkalacIrI rAsa'no AsvAdamUlaka avabodha karAve che. kRtino AsvAda maLe e mATe samIkSaka mULakRtinI saMkhyAbaMdha paMktio chUTathI uddhRta kare che. yazovijayajI vizeno lekha paNa A paddhatie lakhAyo che. lekhanA pUrvArdhamAM ramaNalAla yazovijayajInA jIvanakavanano vistRta khyAla ApI uttarArdhamAM temanI mahattvanI kRti jaMbUsvAmI rAsa'nI AsvAdamUlaka samIkSA kare che. A baMne lekho madhyakALanA be moTA gajAnA jaina kaviono samyak paricaya karAvavAnI sAthe temanI sAhityika dRSTie sakSama kRtionI samAlocanA prastuta kare che. 21

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madhyakALanA moTA gajAnA samartha kavi jyazekharasUrinI kRtiomAM 'tribhuvanadIpakaprabaMdha' aneka dRSTie ullekhanIya che. narasiMha pUrvenI kRtiomAM ane khAsa to rUpaka prakAranI kRtiomAM A racanAnuM sthAna uccakakSAnuM che. DaoN. ramaNalAle temanA lekhamAM A racanAnI vizeSatAo supere upasAvI ApI che. paDilehA'nA anya lekho paikI be lekho 'naLAkhyAna' saMbaMdhe che. prathama lekhamAM temaNe AkhyAnanA pitA gaNAtA bhAlaNanA bIjA 'naLAkhyAna'nuM pageruM zodhavAnI mathAmaNa karI che. cheka mahAbhAratanA nalopAkhyAnathI mAMDI bhAlaNanA prathama 'naLAkhyAna' sAthe tenA kahevAtA bIjA naLAkhyAnano tulanAmUlaka abhyAsa karI teo tAraNa 52 AvyA che ke bhAlaNanA kahevAtA bIjA 'naLAkhyAna'nuM kartRtva bhAlaNanuM nathI paNa arvAcIna samayanuM che. A parAkrama koNe karyuM hoI zake eno saMketa paNa aMte temaNe karyo che. temano A lekha eka namUnedAra saMzodhana lekha bane che. naLAkhyAna' viSayaka bIjA lekhamAM ramaNalAle madhyakALanA sarvazreSTha AkhyAna gaNAyela premAnaMdanA 'naLAkhyAna'nA kathAvastunI vistRta samIkSA karI che ane premAnaMda 52 enA purogAmI kavio paikI bhAlaNa ane nAkaranI tathA jaina paraMparAnI nalakathAnI keTalI asara thaI che e tAravI ApavAno samartha prayAsa karyo che. kathAvastunI kavie kevI saMyojanA karI che enI tapAsa paNa temaNe karI che. ane e dvArA A kRti sarvazreSTha kRti zA mATe banI zakI e samajAvyuM che. A rIte paDilehA'nA dase dasa abhyAsalekho ramaNalAlanI adhyayanazIlatA, saMzodhakavRtti, vivecakapratibhA ane abhyAsazIlatA para prakAza pADe tevA banI zakyA che. A eka ja vivecanasaMgrahathI DaoN. 2. cI. zAha gujarAtI sAhityanA noMdhapAtra vivecaka tarIke UpasI AvyA. paDilehA' prAkRta bhASAno zabda che. teno saMskRta zabda che pratilekhA. paDilehAno eka artha che vyApaka, gahana ane svataMtra dRSTithI jhINavaTapUrvaka abhyAsa ka2vo, vAraMvAra cIvaTapUrvaka sUkSma avalokana karavuM. 'paDilehA'nA badhA ja lekhomAM vivecakanI A lAkSaNikatAo pratibiMbita thayelI jovA maLe che. paDilehA'nA prakAzana pachI bIjA ja varSe DaoN. zAha pAsethI 'bUMgAku-zumi' zIrSakavALo bIjo vivecanasaMgraha prApta thAya che. A jApAnIjha bhASAno zabda che. buMgAku eTale sAhitya ane zumi eTale abhiruci. buMgAku-zumi' eTale sAhityamAM abhiruci athavA sAhityika abhiruci. lekhake 'nivedanamAM spaSTa karyuM che tema A saMgrahanA badhA lekho adhyayana-adhyApanane nimitte lakhAyA che. emAM keTalAka lekho to vidyArthIone lakSamAM rAkhI, vidyArthIone upayogI thAya te dRSTithI lakhAyA che. 22

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baMgAku-zumimAM bAra lekho che. te paikI AraMbhika traNa lekho - 'alaMkAra, kAvyaprayojana' ane "dhvanivirodha' bhAratIya kAvyazAstra sAthe saMkaLAyelA che. prathama lekhamAM lekhake sAhityamAM, kAvyamAM mahattvanuM sthAna dharAvanAra 'alaMkAranI samajUtI ApI bhAratIya kAvyazAstrIoe e aMge karelI vicAraNAthI ApaNane avagata karAvyA che. bIjA lekhamAM kAvyaprayojananI vividha bhAratIya kAvyAcAryoe karelI vicAraNAno khyAla ApI ramaNalAle tenI vistRta chaNAvaTa karI che. aMte lakhyuM che, "vartamAna yugamAM kAvyanAM prayojanonI navA saMdarbhamAM nathI dRSTie vicAraNA avazya karI zakAya, paraMtu teve vakhate paNa ApaNA pUrvasUrioe karelI vicAraNAne prakArAne paNa navI paribhASAmAM jyAM ghaTAvI zakAya ema hoya tyAM tenuM vismaraNa thavuM na ghaTe.' ahIM vivecakanI vivekabuddhino paricaya thAya che. bhAratIya kAvyazAstramAM dhvani siddhAMta khUba mahattvano siddhAMta che. e siddhAMtano ApaNA aneka kAvyAcAryoe virodha paNa karyo che. dhvanivirodhamAM DaoN. zAhe eno khyAla Apyo che. karuNaprazasti' (Elegy) ane TUMkIvArtA' (Short Story) pazcimamAMthI ApaNA sAhityamAM AvelAM be mahattvanAM sAhityasvarUpo che. A svarUponI pazcimanA vivecakoe je vicAraNA karI che ene AdhAre ramaNalAle be lekhomAM A svarUpono, enAM lakSaNono khyAla Apyo che. A svarUponI samaja meLavavAmAM A lekho upayogI che. | vividha kalAomAM sAhityane zreSTha mAnavAmAM AvI che. varsaphorDe to sAhityane mAnavajAtinA magaja tarIke oLakhAvyuM che. vizvanA aneka vicArakoe - samIkSakoe. sAhityanI samaja ApavA prayatna karyo che. sAhitya ghaNuMbadhuM kare che, karI zake che paNa te eka arthamAM saMskArasetu paNa che e vAta ramaNalAla saMgrahanA aMtima lekhamAM sArI rIte mUkI ApI che. A lekha lekhakanI sAhitya pratyenI daSTine, bIjI rIte kahIe to temanA dRSTikoNane spaSTa karI Ape che. DaoN. 2. cI. zAhe saMgrahanA aDadhA lekhomAM mukhyatve saiddhAMtika carcA-vicAraNA karI che ane bAkInA aDadhA lekhomAM pratyakSa vivecana karyuM che arthAt kRtilakSI vivecana karyuM che. temaNe je kRtio vize vivecana karyuM che temAM sauthI mahattvanI kRti "sarasvatIcaMdra che. gujarAtI bhASAnI A asAdhAraNa navalakathAnI emaNe vidyArthIone dhyAnamAM rAkhI sarvAgI samIkSA saMkSepamAM karI che. | sarjanAtmaka sAhityamAM, khAsa to kathAsAhityamAM jevuM uccasthAna sarasvatIcaMdranuM che. evuM ja uccasthAna vivecanAtmaka sAhityamAM sundaram kRta 'arvAcIna kavitAnuM che "zatAbdInI kavitAnuM zakavartI vivecana' zIrSakanI ramaNalAle 23

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A vivecanagraMthanI samIkSA karI che. saMgrahamAM A uparAMta dhUmaketunI aitihAsika navalakathA "AmrapAlI', raNachoDabhAI udayarAmakRta 'naLadamayaMtI nATaka', kavi kalApIe lakhavA dhArela paNa adhUruM rahela "hamIrajI gohela', boTAdakaranuM khaMDakAvya ebhalavALo vize paNa saMzodhanamUlaka ane AsvAdamUlaka lekho maLe che. A rIte A bIjo vivecanasaMgraha paNa aneka dRSTie noMdhapAtra che. be varSa pachI ramaNalAla 'kritikA' nAmaka trIjo vivecanasaMgraha 1982mAM pragaTa kare che. 'kritikA' zabda jANe saMskRta bhASAno hoya tevo lAge che paraMtu e che raziyana bhASAno zabda, vivecanA ke vivecanalekho mATe raziyana zabda che 'kritikA', speniza bhASAmAM paNa e arthamAM A zabda vaparAya che. prathama vivecana saMgrahamAM dasa, dvitIya saMgrahamAM bAra lekho ApanAra ramaNalAla A tRtIya vivecanasaMgrahamAM cauda lekho saMgRhIta kare che. A saMgrahamAM prAcIna ane madhyakAlIna kavilekhako, kRtio ane pAribhASika viSayo vizenA abhyAsalekho ApavAmAM AvyA che. kritikA'no eka mahattvano vivecanalekha che "narasiMha pUrvenuM gujarAtI sAhitya'. A lekha paricaya pustikA tarIke paNa pragaTa thayo che. madhyakAlIna sAhityanA UMDA abhyAsI ramaNalAle A lekhamAM narasiMha pUrvenA lagabhaga aDhIsotraNaso varSanA gujarAtI sAhityano paricaya karAvyo che. A samayagALAnI mahattvanI kRtio ane sAhityasvarUpono paricaya A lekhamAM prApta thAya che. pravAhI, prAsAdika zailImAM lakhAyelA A lekha dvArA gujarAtI sAhityanA AraMbhika stabakano khyAla maLe che. saMgrahano bIjo mahattvano lekha che "dayArAmanAM AkhyAno.' dayArAma madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityano aMtima tejasvI kavi che. sAmAnya rIte dayArAmanuM nAma garabInA sAhitya svarUpa sAthe saMkaLAyuM che. dayArAma madhyakALano moTA gajAno Urmikavi che e vAta sAcI paNa dayArAme madhyakALanA sauthI vadhu lokapriya ane samRddha evA AkhyAna svarUpamAM paNa pradAna karyuM che e vAta vIsarAI gaI che. dayArAme ekAda-be nahi paNa Dajhaneka AkhyAno lakhyAM che. tethI dayArAmanI kavi pratibhAno vicAra karIe tyAre teNe AkhyAnasvarUpamAM karelA kheDANane paNa lakSamAM levuM paDe. saMzodhananI sahaja sUjha dharAvatA Do. ramaNalAle temanA A abhyAsa lekhamAM dayArAme AkhyAnasvarUpamAM karelA kheDANano khyAla ApI tene ucita pariprekSyamAM, mUlyAMkananAM dhoraNone saheja paNa zithila karyA sivAya mUlavyo che. potAnA abhyAsalekhanuM samApana karatAM temaNe je tAraNa kADhayuM che te bilakula yogya che. temaNe lakhyuM che : "dayArAme saMkhyAnI dRSTie ThIka ThIka AkhyAnakRtio lakhI che

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topaNa AkhyAnakalAnI avanavI siddhi je premAnaMda, bhAlaNa vageremAM jovA maLe che te dayArAmanAM AkhyAnomAM jovA maLatI nathI. eTalA mATe ja AkhyAna sAhityanA itihAsamAM dayArAmanuM sthAna aitihAsika dRSTie jeTaluM mahattvanuM che teTaluM guNavattAnI daSTie nathI." joI zakAze ke game teTalA moTA sarjakanuM mUlyAMkana karatI vakhate paNa DaoN. zAha potAnI vivekabuddhi jAgRta rAkhe che. nAnAmAM nAnA kavine potAnI lekhanIthI anyAya na thaI jAya ane moTAmAM moTA kavinA mUlyAMkanamAM aucitya jokhamAya nahi e mATe teo haMmezAM sabhAna rahe che. 'kritikAmAM A be abhyAsalekho uparAMta eka Dajhana evA lekho che jemAM mukhyatve madhyakAlIna sAhityanA pramANamAM gauNa kavio, gauNa kRtio ane pAribhASika viSayo vize prakAza pADavAmAM Avyo che. e lekhonAM zIrSako A mujaba che : "niyANu', "saMlekhanA', "zrI siddhasena divAkara', "upAdhyAya kavizrI guNavinaya', sItArAma copAI', "thAvasyAsuta riSi copAI', 'mUrkha phAga', "mohinI phAgu', 'viraha desAurI phAgu', brahmAnaMda svAmIta "satIgItA', harSakuMjaragaNiracita "rAvaNa pArzvanAtha phAgu', "mAtRkA phAgu'. A lekho DaoN. zAhanA saMzodhaka pAsAne upasAvI Ape che. ramaNalAla pAsethI 1999mAM gUrjara phAgusAhitya' nAmano abhyAsagraMtha sAMpaDyo che. phAgukAvyanuM svarUpa ane eno vikAsa TheTha kaoNlejanA adhyayanakALathI ja temanA rasano viSaya rahyAM hatAM. ghaNAM varSonA parizrama pachI teo A viSaya para eka adhikRta sarvagrAhI graMtha ApI zakyA che. prathama prakaraNamAM phAgunA kAvyaprakArano paricaya karAvI temaNe bIjA prakaraNamAM phAgukAvyanI vikAsarekhA AMkI ApI che. e pachInAM bAra prakaraNomAM temaNe gujarAtI madhyakAlIna sAhityanAM lagabhaga badhAM ja phAgukAvyono saMkSipta paricaya karAvI, teno AsvAda karAvI mUlyAMkana karyuM che. mAtra trIjA prakaraNamAM ja neminAtha vizenAM pacAsa phAgukAvyo vize vivaraNa-vivecana sAMpaDe che. A uparAMta sthUlibhadra vizenAM, tIrtha viSayaka, anya tIrthakara viSayaka, AdhyAtmika, vaiSNava, lokakathA viSayaka ane saMskRta phAgukAvyo vize paNa temaNe lakhyuM che. vasaMtazRMgAranAM phAgukAvyomAM ajJAtakavikRta 'vasaMtavilAsa madhyakALanuM sarvazreSTha phAgukAvya che. tenA vize temaNe jarA vistArathI lakhyuM che. namUnA khAtara e lekha A saMpAdanamAM lIdho che. naLadamayaMtInI kathA madhyakALanI lokapriya kathA hatI. ramaNalAle I. sa. 196 1mAM muMbaI yunivarsiTInI pIeca.DI.nI padavI prApta karavA "naLadamayaMtInI kathAno vikAsa' viSaya para zodhaprabaMdha lakhyo hato. svAbhAvika rIte ja temane jena 25

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ane jainetara paraMparAnI saMkhyAbaMdha kRtiomAMthI pasAra thavuM paDyuM haze. paraMtu temane te samaye vijayazekharakata niladavadaMtI prabaMdha' vize kazI mAhitI maLI zakI na hatI. varSo pachI e hastaprata hAthamAM AvatAM temaNe tenuM saMzodhana-saMpAdana karI pragaTa karI. tenI prastAvanAmAM temaNe jaina paraMparAnI nalakathAno khyAla ApI vijayazekharanI racanAnI samIkSA karI che. ema karI teo jaina paraMparAnI eka mahattvanI nalakathAne prakAzamAM ANavAmAM nimitta banyA che. ramaNalAla zAhanA sAhityavivecanano vicAra karIe to uparyukta pustako uparAMta temanA zodhaprabaMdha 'naLa-damayaMtInI kathAno vikAsa', "196 ranuM graMthastha vADumaya' ane manasukhalAla jhaverI sAthe temaNe karAvela "gujarAtI sAhityanuM rekhAdarzanane dhyAnamAM levuM paDe. prabuddha jIvananuM taMtrIpada temaNe ghaNAM varSo sudhI saMbhALyuM. enA taMtrIlekho nimitte temaNe je nibaMdho-lekho lakhyA te mukhyatve 'abhiciMtanA' ane 'sAMprata sahaciMtananA daseka bhAgamAM graMthastha thayA che. emAM paNa sAhitya ane kalA sAthe saMkaLAyelA viSayo paranA aneka lekho sAMpaDe che. temAM tathA 'vaMdanIya hRdayasparzanA be bhAgamAM temaNe gujarAtInA keTalAka sAhityakAro vize lakhyuM che. A saMpAdananI pRSThamaryAdAne dhyAnamAM rAkhI Do. 2. cI. zAhanA sAhityavivecana ane saMzodhana-saMpAdananAM pustakomAMthI pratinidhi lekho ahIM samAvyA che. temaNe Apela ekamAtra ekAMkIsaMgraha "zyAmaraMga samIpe' (1966)mAM nava ekAMkIo che je paikI eka ekAMkI ahIM lIdhuM che. saMzodhaka saMpAdaka, samIkSaka, caritralekhaka, pravAsalekhaka, dharmatattvajJAnanA abhyAsI ramaNalAlamAM eka sarjaka paNa chupAyelo hato eno ahesAsa A ekAMkIsaMgraha karAvI rahe che. ramaNalAla zAhanA samagra vivecanasAhityamAMthI pasAra thatAM vivecaka tarIke temanI keTalIka lAkSaNikatAo dhyAnamAM Ave che. sauthI pahelAM evo khyAla Ave che ke teo mukhyatve madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityanA UMDA abhyAsI che. temaNe moTe bhAge madhyakAlIna sAhitya vize lakhyuM che. madhyakALamAM paNa ramaNalAlanI ruci jaina sAhityamAM vizeSa jaNAya che. jainetara kavio paikI premAnaMda, dayArAma, bhAlaNa vagere vize temaNe lakhyuM che jarUra paNa jaina kavio ane kRtio para temano vadhu jhoka che e dekhAya che. jaina dharma tathA tattvadarzananA UMDA abhyAsI 2. cI. zAha jaina sAhityanA paNa acchA abhyAsI che e joI zakAya che. yazovijayajI, samayasuMdara, vijayazekhara vagere jaina kavio ane tribhuvanadIpaka prabaMdha', 'jaMbUsvAmI rAsa', naladavadatI prabaMdha' vagere kRtio paranA temanA lekho dRSTAMta lekhe joI zakAya.

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DaoN. zAha jaina sAhityanA UMDA abhyAsI hovAnI sAthe samartha saMzodhaka ane samIkSaka paNa che. vijayazekhara kRta naladavadaMtI prabaMdha', "jaMbusvAmI rAsa', samayasuMdarakata "mRgAvatIcaritra copAI', thAvasyAsutariSi copAI'. udyotanasUrikRta 'kuvalayamALA' vagere kRtionAM emaNe karelAM saMzodhana-saMpAdana tathA te vize temaNe lakhelI prastAvanAo, abhyAsapUrNa lekho ramaNalAlanI saMzodhakasaMpAdaka ane samIkSaka tarIkenI zaktio uddaghATita karI rahe che. kRti jainakavinI hoya ke jainetara kavinI, tenI samIkSA karatI vakhate, mUlyAMkana karatI vakhate ramaNalAlamAM rahelo vivecaka sadA jAgrata hoya che. tene kAraNe sAmAnya kavinI koI uttama kRti hoya ke dayArAma jevA uttama kavinI sAmAnya staranI AkhyAnakRtio hoya, teo yogya pariprekSyamAM samucita samIkSA kare che ane koI paNa kavi ke kRtine anyAya na thAya tenuM pUratuM dhyAna rAkhe che. bhAlaNanA kahevAtA bIjA naLAkhyAna' vizeno lekha paNa temanI saMzodhakazaktino nidarzaka che. DaoN. 2. cI. zAha jainasAhityanA, madhyakAlIna sAhityanA UMDA abhyAsI hovAnI sAthe gujarAtI bhASAsAhityanA acchA adhyApaka paNa hatA. temanuM keTaluMka vivecana saMpAdana adhyApakIya abhigamathI - dRSTikoNathI thayuM che. TUMkI vArtA, karuNaprazasti jevAM svarUpo paranA lekho hoya ke alaMkAra, kAvyaprayojana, dhvanivirodha jevA bhAratIya kAvyazAstranA keTalAka muddAo hoya ke "sAhitya-saMskArasetu', lekhakano zabda' ane 'bhASA sAhityanuM adhyayana-adhyApana' jevA lekho hoya, ramaNalAlamAM rahelo gujarAtI bhASAsAhityanA adhyApaka pratibiMbita thato joI zakAya che. anaMtarAya rAvaLa, harivallabha bhAyANI, jayaMta koThArI, bhogIlAla sAMDesarA jevA uttama adhyApaka-vivecakonI paraMparAmAM DaoN. 2. cI. zAhanuM nAma paNa niHsaMkocapaNe mUkI zakAya e baranuM emanuM pradAna che. - ramaNalAla sAcA ane samartha adhyApaka hovAthI anivAryapaNe ja emane arvAcIna gujarAtI sAhitya paNa bhaNAvavAnuM thayuM hoya. e nimitte bhale alpa pramANamAM paNa temaNe arvAcIna gujarAtI sAhitya vize paNa lakhyuM che ja. sarasvatIcaMdra', "arvAcIna kavitA', "AprapAlI', "hamIrajI gohela', ebhalavALo 'ApaNAM sAmayiko vagere lekho tathA "196 ranuM graMthastha vAmaya' pustaka tathA sAMprata sahaciMtana'mAM graMthastha thayelA arvAcIna sAhityakAro bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, hIrAbahena pAThaka, harIndra dave, umAzaMkara jozI - vizenA lekho arvAcIna gujarAtI sAhitya sAthe paNa temano jIvaMta saMparka hato e hakIkata pragaTa kare che. ramaNalAle "yAmaraMga samIpenAM ekAMkIo ane 'berarathI brigeDiyara' ke 27

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'vaMdanIya hRdayasparzanAM keTalAMka caritro nimitte potAnI sarjanAtmaka zaktino paricaya karAvyo hovA chatAM teo mukhyatve saMzodhaka ane samIkSaka hatA, vivecaka hatA. tethI temanI bhASAzailI abhyAsI saMzodhakanI zistane anusaratI sIdhI, saraLa, pravAhI ane prAsAdika che. temAM alaMkAronI anAvazyaka AtizabAjI nathI, bhASAno bhabhako nathI ke kliSTatA, durAdhyatA paNa nathI. temaNe bhASAsAhityanA abhyAsIo ane vidyArthIone dhyAnamAM rAkhI lakhyuM hovA chatAM temanI bhASAmAM evI saraLatA, sahajatA, pravAhitA che ke sAmAnya vyakti paNa temanA lekho anAyAse vAMcI zake, samajI zake. ramaNalAla bahuzruta vidvAna hatA. bhAratIya tathA pAzcAtya sAhityanuM temaNe UMDuM parizIlana karyuM hatuM. temanA abhyAsalekhomAM temanA vizALa vAcanamAMthI saMkhyAbaMdha saMdarbho avataraNo rUpe Ave che paNa anivArya hoya tyAM ja, pAMDityanuM pradarzana karavA nahi. A avataraNo temanA lekhamAM evA sahaja rIte gUMthAI jAya che ke kyAMya khaTakatA nathI, AsvAdamAM avarodhaka banatA nathI. DaoN. 2. cI. zAhanuM A sAhitya darzana' gujarAtI sAhityakSetre temaNe karelA bahumUlya pradAnano ahesAsa karAve che. madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityanA ane savizeSa to jaina sAhityanA UMDA abhyAsI tarIke teo cirasmaraNIya raheze. 12, rIDarsa ro-hAusIsa, prasAda brahmabhaTTa gujarAta yuni. kempasa, amadAvAda 380 009 2

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1. kuvalayamAlA 2. hemacaMdrAcArya - emanuM jIvana ane kavana 3. jaina sAhitya anukrama 4. narasiMha pUrvenuM gujarAtI sAhitya 5. kavivara samayasuMdara ane emanI be rAsakRtio 6. yazovijayajI ane emano jaMbUsvAmI rAsa 7. tribhuvanadIpaka prabaMdha 8. premAnaMdanA 'naLAkhyAna'nuM kathAvastu 9. bhAlaNanA kahevAtA bIjA 'naLAkhyAna'nuM pageruM 10. vijayazekharakRta 'naladavadaMtI prabaMdha' 11. phAguno kAvyaprakAra 12. phAgukAvyanI vikAsarekhA 13. ajJAtakavikRta 'vasaMtavilAsa' 14. dayArAmanAM AkhyAno 15. alaMkAra 16. kAvyaprayojana 17. karuNaprazasti 18. TUMkI vArtA 19. sAhitya-saMskArasetu 20. lekhakano zabda 21. bhASAsAhityanuM adhyayana-adhyApana 22. ApaNAM sAmayiko 23. DaoN. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA 24. hIrAbahena pAThaka 25. sarasvatIcaMdra 26. zatAbdanI kavitAnuM zakavartI vivecana 27. zyAma raMga samIpe DaoN. ramaNalAla cI. zAha : jIvanajharamara DaoN. ramaNalAla cI. zAhanAM pustako 29 1 27 33 68 85 116 154 160 186 204 214 229 252 262 288 302 319 325 343 349 356 36 1 368 380 394 407 415 443 453

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kuvalayamAlA bhAratIya saMskRtie enA sAcavelA vArasAmAM bhASA ane sAhityano vAraso paNa ghaNo moTo ane mahattvano che. vedAdi graMthonI ane rAmAyaNa mahAbhArata vagerenI saMskRta bhASA to sauthI agatyanI che, paraMtu ApaNuM e moTuM sadbhAgya che ke aDhI hajAra varSa pUrve lokomAM bolAtI prAkRta bhASA paNa ApaNI pAse sacavAyelI maLe che, je bhASA-vikAsanA itihAsa upara mahattvano prakAza pADe che. lokabhASA prAkRtano Adara karavAnuM ane lokone teo samajI zake e mATe temanI ja bhASAmAM upadeza ApavAnuM kArya bhagavAna mahAvIre karyuM ane potAnA ziSyone paNa tema karavA jaNAvyuM. bhagavAna buddha paNa tyAra pachI lokabhASA prAkRtamAM upadeza Apyo. pariNAme jaina ane bauddha dharmamAM Agamo ane tripiTako uparAMta puSkaLa sAhitya prAkRta bhASAmAM maLe che. paraMtu samaya jatAM bauddha dharmano prabhAva bhAratamAM sAva ghaTI gayo, jyAre jaina dharmanI jIvaMta paraMparA Aja sudhI akhaMDita cAlu rahI. ethI ardhamAgadhInA prakAranI prAkRta bhASAnA abhyAsa ane lekhananuM sAtatya jaina sAdhuo vagere dvArA bhAratamAM satata jaLavAI rahyuM. prAkRta bhASAmAM dharmagraMthonA prakAranuM to puSkaLa sAhitya lakhAyuM che; paraMtu kavitA, vAta jevA lalita sAhityanuM paNa ThIkaThIka sarjana thayuM che. evA graMthonI racanAmAM pAdaliptAcArya, haribhadrasUri, vimalasUri, udyotanasUri, siddharSigaNi vageree mUlyavAna phALo Apyo che. prAkRta kathAonA prAcIna graMthomAM bANa bhaTTanI kAdaMbarI'nI tole Ave, "kAdaMbarI'no mukAbalo karI zake, balka, koI koI bAbatamAM to "kAdaMbarI' karatAM paNa adhika caDe evI kRti te prAkRta mahAkathA 'kuvalayamAlA' kuvalayamAlA - 1

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prAkRta bhASAnA anerA AbhUSaNa jevA lagabhaga 13000 zloka pramANa graMthaziromaNi "kuvalayamAlAnI racanA vikramanA navamA saikAmAM, vi. saM. 835mAM zrI tattvAcAryanA ziSya zrI udyotanasUrie karI hatI. paraMtu eka yA bIjA kAraNe A apUrva graMthano abhyAsa anya prAcIna jaina kathAgraMthonI sarakhAmaNImAM bahu thayo hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI. A graMthanI bahu hastaprato taiyAra thaI hoya athavA enA upara koI TIkAnI racanA thaI hoya evuM paNa jovA maLatuM nathI. paraMtu bIjI bAju A graMtha taddana aparicita rahyo haze evuM paNa nathI. vikramanA agiyAramA-bAramA saikAmAM nemicaMdrasUrie 'AkhyAnamaNikozamAM 'kuvalayamAlAnI mAyAdityanI kathAno nirdeza karyo che ane A pradevasUrie tenA upara racelI vRttimAM mAyAdityanI kathA saMkSepamAM ApI che. A kathA "kuvalayamAlA'nI kathAne AdhAre ApavAmAM AvI che emAM kaMI saMzaya nathI. emAM keTalIka paMktio sIdhesIdhI 'kuvalayamAlAmAMthI lIdhelI che.* kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcAryanA guru zrIdevacaMdrasUrie potAnI kRti saMtinAhacariyamAM 'kuvalayamAlA'nA kartAnI nIce pramANe stuti karI che : dakikhaNNaiMda(dha) sUri NamAmi varavaNNabhAsiyA saguNA | kuvalayamAlA vva mahAkuvalayamAlA kahA jassa // vikramanA caudamA saikAmAM prabhAcaMdrasUrie prabhAvaka carita mAM 'kuvalayamAlAno nirdeza mahAkavi siddharSinA saMbaMdhamAM karyo che. prabhAvakacarita' pramANe udyotanasUri - ane siddharSei baMne gurubaMdhuo hatA ane udyotanasUrie haribhadrasUrinI samarAIaikahAnI ane potAnI "kuvalayamAlA'nI racanAzakti batAvIne siddharSinI 'upadezamAlA bAlAvabodhinI TIkAno upahAsa karyo. eTale enA javAbamAM siddharSie upamitibhavaprapaMcA' nAmanI ramya mahAkathAnI racanA karI ane ethI emane vyAkhyAta'nuM biruda ApavAmAM AvyuM. prabhAvakacarita'mAM Apelo A prasaMga mAtra daMtakathA ja che. te prasaMga sAco nathI, kAraNa ke upamiti bhavaprapaMco kathAnI racanA "kuvalayamAlA'nI racanA pachI 127 varSe thaI che. paraMtu prabhAcaMdrasUrinA samayamAM kuvalayamAlAnI kathA jANItI haze ema A daMtakathA parathI jaNAya che. vikramanA caudamA saikAmAM ratnaprabhasUrie prAkRta kuvalayamAlA uparathI saMskRtamAM lagabhaga cAra hajAra zloka pramANe saMkSipta "kuvalayamAlA'nI racanA karI * juo prAkRta TesTa sosAyaTI taraphathI prakAzita thayela 'AkhyAna maNikoza' pR.218thI 225. 2 sAhityadarzana

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che. AraMbhamAM ja zrIratnaprabhasUrie lakhyuM che : kuvalayamAleva kathA kuvalayamAlAhyayA kuvalaye'smin / arthaprapaMcaparimala-parimilinnAbhijJarolambA // dAkSiNyacihnamunipena vinirmitA yA prAk prAkRtAvibudhamAnasarAjahaMsI // tAM saMskRtena vacasA racayAmi campUM sadyaH prasadya sudhiyaH pravilokayantu // kathAonI saMkulatAne kAraNe ke bhASAnI kaThinatAne kAraNe ke zRMgArarasanA Alekhanane kAraNe ke bIjA koI paNa kAraNe prAkRta "kuvalayamAlA'no pracAra prAcIna samayamAM thavo joIe teTalo thayelo jaNAto nathI. saMskRta saMkSipta "kuvalayamAlAne kAraNe paNa tema thayuM hoya to navAI nahi. paraMtu saMskRta "kuvalayamAlA'no pracAra paNa anya jene kathAgraMthonI apekSAe khAsa bahu thayo nathI. "sImaMdhara zobhAtaraMgamAM kAmagajendranI kathA nirUpavAmAM AvI che te sivAya "kuvalayamAlAnI kathAo anya kathAsaMgrahomAM levAI hoya athavA tenA para rAsakRtinI racanA thaI hoya evuM jovA maLatuM nathI. prAcIna kRtiomAM graMthakartA keTalIka vAra potAnA nAmano ullekha sudhdhAM karatA nathI. e dRSTie zrIudyotanasUrie A graMthane aMte pote ApelI prazastimAM potAnI guruparaMparA tathA kulaparaMparAno paricaya Apyo che ane kRtinAM racanAsthaLa tathA samaya vize paNa cokkasAIpUrvaka nirdeza karyo che. zrIudyotanasUrie A graMthamAM ApelI e badhI mAhitIthI keTalAka praznonI bAbatamAM ghaNo sAro prakAza paDyo che, paraMtu zrIudyotanasUri vize emanA anya koI graMtha, ziSyaparivAra ke kALadharmanAM sthaLa-samaya vize prAcIna graMthomAMthI khAsa koI vizeSa mAhitI hajI sudhI sAMpaDI nathI. zrIudyotanasUrie pote ApelI mAhitI pramANe temanA prapitAnuM nAma paNa udyatana hatuM. teo mahAdvAra nagaranA kSatriya rAjA hatA. teo trikamabhirata hatA. + vartamAna samayamAM ratnaprabhasUrinI saMskRta 'kuvalayamAlA'nuM saMpAdana pU. pravartaka zrIkAMtivijayajInA ziSya pU. zrI caturavijayajI mahArAje I. sa. 1916mAM karyuM hatuM. e samaye prAkRta kuvalayamAlA" vize saMzodhana thavA lAgyuM. emAM sva. cimanalAla DAhyAbhAI dalAla tathA munizrI jinavijayajIe mahattvanuM kArya karyuM. prAkRta kuvalayamAlAnI hAla be hastaprata maLe che. eka pUnAnA bhAMDArakara risarca insTiTyUTanI ane bIjI jesalameranA bhaMDAranI. e baMne pratone AdhAre DaoN. AdinAtha upAdhyAye A kRtinuM zrama ane cIvaTapUrvaka saMpAdana taiyAra karyuM ane 1959mAM te bhAratIya vidyAbhavananI siMdhI jaina graMthamALAmAM pragaTa thayuM che. A lekhamAM 'kuvalayamAlAnI kaMDikAno saMkhyAMka jyAM Apyo che te A graMtha pramANe che. kuvalayamAlA - 3

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temanA putranuM nAma vaTezvara (vaDesara) hatuM. vaTezvaranA putra te kavi udyotana. emaNe tattvAcArya pAse dIkSA laI AcAryanI padavI meLavI hatI. emanuM upanAma dAkSiNyacihnasUri' hatuM. potAnI guruparaMparA vize jaNAvatAM zrIudyotanasUrie lakhyuM che ke uttarApathanI caMdrabhAgA nadInA kinAre AvelI parvatikA nagarInA zrI toramANa rAjAnA guru hariguptasUri thaI gayA. temanA ziSya devagupta mahAkavi hatA. temanA ziSya zivacaMdragaNi tIrthayAtrA karatA karatA bhinnamAla(zrImAla)mAM AvIne sthira thayelA. emanA ziSya yakSadaragaNi hatA. temanA cha suprasiddha ziSyo nAga, vaMda, mammaTa, durga, agnizarma ane vaTezvara hatA. emAMthI vaTezvarAcAryanA ziSya te tattvAcArya ane temanA ziSya te udyotanasUri. teo caMdrakulanI paraMparAmAM thaI gayA. temaNe siddhAntazAstranuM adhyayana zrIvIrabhadrAcArya pAse karyuM hatuM ane nyAyazAstranuM adhyayana zrIharibhadrasUri pAse karyuM hatuM. | gujarAtamAM jAbAlipuramAM zrIvatsarAja nAmano rAjA jyAre rAjya karato hato tyAre tyAM vIrabhadrAcArye RSibhajinezvaranuM eka UMcuM bhavya maMdira karAvyuM hatuM. e maMdiranA upAzrayamAM sthira thaIne udyotanasUrie A graMthanI racanA karI hatI. te samaye zaka saMvata 70mo vi. saM. 835) cAlato hato. zrIharibhadrasUri tathA zrI vIrabhadrasUri emanA pUrvakAlIna hatA. udyotanasUrie "kuvalayamAlA' uparAMta bIjA koI graMthanI racanA karI che ke nahi te vize ApaNane kazuM jANavA maLatuM nathI. emanI kati tarIke mAtra kuvalayamAlAno ja prAcIna samayathI ullekha thato Avyo che. zrI udyotanasUrie ApaNAM aMgopAMgAdi AgamazAstro uparAMta vyAkaraNa, nyAya, chaMda, kAvyAlaMkAra, jyotiSa vagere zAstrono paNa sAro abhyAsa karyo haze, ema emano graMtha vAMcatAM jaNAya che. vaLI, emaNe graMthAraMbhamAM pUrvakavio chappaNaya, pAdaliptasUri. zAtavAhana (hAla), guNADhya, vyAsa, vAlmIki, bANa, vimalasUri, devagupta, baMdika, harivarSa, prabhaMjana, jaDila, raviSeNa, haribhadrasUri vagerenI stuti karI che tathA gauravazAlI graMtharacanA vaDe "abhimAna', parAkrama' ane "sAhasa' aMkavALA kavionuM paNa smaraNa karyuM che. e parathI e mahAkavionI kRtiothI pote paricita hoya e svAbhAvika che. taduparAMta, sAmudrikavidyA, vaidyaka, azvaparIkSA, dhAtuvAda, bhASAlakSaNa vagere ghaNA bhinnabhinna viSayono abhyAsa emaNe karyo haze, ema kuvalayamAlA' vAMcatAM jaNAya che. udyotanasUrie kuvalayamAlAmAM enA racanA samayano spaSTa nirdeza karyo che. 4 sAhityadarzana

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teo prAMta bhAgamAM lakhe che - sagakAle voliNe varisANa saehiM sattahiM gaehiM ega-diNeNUNehiM raiyA avaraha-velAe // tattha ThieNaM aha coddasIe cettassa kaNha-pakakhammi / NimmaviyA bohikarI bhavvANaM hou savvANaM // eTale ke zaka saMvata 700 pUrNa thavAmAM eka divasa bAkI hato tyAre caitra vada 14ne divase trIjA pahore A graMthanI racanA temaNe pUrNa karI hatI. A samaye eTale vikrama saMvata 835nA caitra vada 14ne divase, I. sa. 779nA mArcanI 21mI tArIkhe A graMthanI racanA pUrNa thaI che. kuvalayamAlAnI racanA aMge kavie jeno vAraMvAra nirdeza graMthasamAptinI kaMDikAmAM karyo che te hrIM devIe potAne karelI sahAya vize che. potAne A graMtha racavAnI sUcanA, preraNA ane prasAda e devIe ApyAM che, eTaluM ja nahi, sarva AkhyAnaka paNa e devIe ja kahyuM che ane pote to nimittamAtra che ema kartAe jaNAvyuM che. A devInI sahAyathI ja teo prahara mAtramAM so jeTalI gAthAnI racanA karI zakyA che evo ullekha paNa temaNe karyo che. potAne darzana ApanAra tathA potAnA cittamAM AvIne vasanAra A devInuM varNana karatAM kavie lakhyuM che ke te kamaLanA Asana upara beThelI, kamaLa jevI kAMtivALI tathA hAthamAM kamaLavAnI che. e devInI sahAyathI pote graMthanI racanA karI che. chatAM jo koI doSa hoya to te potAno ja che ema paNa kavie namratApUrvaka jaNAvyuM che. graMthanA AraMbhamAM kartAe potAnI kathAracanAnI viziSTatA vize keTaluMka jaNAveluM che. teo kathAnA pAMca prakAra jaNAve che. sakalakathA, khaMDakathA, ullApakathA, parihAsakathA, varAkathA ane e sarva prakAranI kathAonA samanvayavALI potAnI A kathAne saMkIrNakathA tarIke temaNe oLakhAvI che. A kathAmAM koIka sthaLe rUpaka racanAthI, koIka sthaLe manohara lAMbAM vAkyothI, koIka sthaLe ullApathI, koIka sthaLe kulakothI, koIka sthaLe gAthAmAM, koIka sthaLe gItikA sahita drapada chaMdamAM, koIka sthaLe daMDaka tathA nArA chaMdathI, koIka sthaLe troTaka chaMdathI racanA karelI che. koIka sthaLa taraMgathI paNa racanA karelI che. vaLI A kathAmAM koIka sthaLe hAsyavacanathI tathA koIka sthaLe mALAvacanothI ema vividha prakAre racanA karelI che. kuvalayamAlA 5 .

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kathAnI bhASA aMge nirdeza karatAM kavi graMthanA AraMbhamAM 7mI kaMDikAmAM kathA zarU karatAM pahelAM jaNAve che ke tApaso ane jinasamudAya jeno vyavahAra kare che te prAkRta bhASAmAM, mahArASTrI tathA dezI bhASAmAM pote AkhI kathAnI racanA karelI che. vaLI koIka sthaLe kutUhalathI tathA koIka sthaLe paravacanavazathI saMskRta bhASAmAM, apabhraMzamAM, drAviDamAM ke paizAcI bhASAmAM paNa racanA karavAmAM AvI che. pAiya-bhAsA raiyA marahaThya desi-vnnnny-nnibddhaa|| suddhA sayala kaha cciya tAvasa-jiNa-satya-vAhillA // koUhaleNa katyai para-vayaNa-vaseNa sakkaya-NibaddhA / kiMci avabbhaMsa-kayA dAviya-pesAya-bhAsillA // A kathAne kavi sarvaguNayukta, zRMgAra rasathI manohara, suracita aMgavALI ane sarva kalAgamathI subhaga evI saMkIrNa kathA tarIke oLakhAve che. vaLI anya rIte kathAnA traNa prakAra batAvavAmAM AvyA che, jemake dharmakathA, arthakathA ane kAmakathA. je kathA A traNe vargane sAdhI ApanArI hoya tene saMkIrNakathA kahevAya che. kuvalayamAlAmAM paNa dharmakathA uparAMta kAma ane arthanI kathA AvatI hovAthI tene saMkIrNakathA tarIke kartAe oLakhAvI che. vaLI, je arthamAM kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacaMdrAcArye 'samarAIkahAne sakalakathA tarIke oLakhAvI che, te arthamAM kuvalayamAlA"nI kathAne paNa sakalakathA tarIke oLakhAvI zakAya che. A kathA gadya ane padyamAM vIgatapracUra varNano tathA vividha rasonA Alekhana sAthe racavAmAM AvI che ane tethI svarUpanI dRSTie A kRtine cammu kAvyanA prakAranI kRti tarIke paNa oLakhavAmAM Ave che. kuvalayamAlA'nI kathAnI racanAmAM kartAe potAnI asAdhAraNa zakti dAkhavI che. A AkhIye kathA utpAdya eTale ke maulika prakAranI, katae potAnI kalpanAthI sarjelI che. emAM eka mukhyakathAnI aMdara bIjI ghaNI avAMtara kathAo Ave che. emAMnI keTalIka avAMtara kathAo to mukhya pAtronA janmAMtaranI kathArUpe Ave che. A badhI kathAonuM pauvaparya kartAe evI khUbIthI goThavI kADhyuM che ke tethI te dareka avAMtara kathA svataMtra rIte paNa AsvAdya banI zakI che. evI keTalIka kathAnuM pauvaparya to jema jema kathA ApaNe AgaLa vAMcatAM jaIe tema tema spaSTa thatuM jAya che. kathAvastu ane saMkalanAnI dRSTie auskya, vaividhya, vyavasthitA, saMvAditA, aucitya, suzliSTatA vagere guNalakSaNo A kathAnI racanAmAM jovA maLe che. ayodhyA nagarInA daDhava" rAjA ane priyaMguThyAmAM rAkhIne devInI 6 sAhityadarzana

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upAsanAthI putra kuvalayacaMdranI prApti thAya che. sarvakalAguNasaMpanna e kumAra sAthe rAjA eka divasa acUkIDA mATe jAya che tyAre kumAranuM azva sAthe divyaharaNa thAya che. AkAzamArge jatAM jatAM kumAra azvanA peTamAM charI bhoMke che. ethI azva sAthe te nIce Ave che. te samaye koIka adazya avAja ene kahe che: "kumAra kuvalayacaMdra, dakSiNa dizAmAM eka gAu dUra jA, tyAM koI vakhata na joyeluM evuM kaMIka tAre jovAnuM che.' kumAra tyAM gayo. tyAM eNe eka sAgaradatta munivarane joyA. te siMhane saMlekhanA karAvatA hatA. azva sAthe thayelA potAnA haraNa vize pUchatAM munivare eka vRttAnta kahyo. te vRttAnta pramANe eka vakhata kauzAMbI nagarInA puraMdaradatta rAjA potAnA maMtrI sAthe udyAnamAM jAya che. tyAM AcArya dharmanaMdana cAra gati svarUpa saMsAra vize potAnA ziSyone upadeza ApI rahyA che. rAjA tyAM beThelA keTalAka dIkSito - caMDasoma, mAnabhaTTa, mAyAditya, lobhadeva ane mohadatta vize prazna kare che ane dharmanaMdana AcArya temanA vRttAnto jaNAve che. dharmanaMdana munivara tyAMthI vihAra karIne jAya che. caMDasoma vagere pAMce paraspara dharmAnurAgavALA dIkSito kALadharma pAmI eka ja devalokamAM utpanna thAya che ane paraspara dharmabodha karavAno saMketa kare che. tyAra pachI eka vakhate dharmanAtha tIrthaMkara dakSiNa bharatakhaMDanA madhya bhAgamAM vicArI rahyA hatA tyAre devatAoe samavasaraNanI racanA karI. emAM AvelA A pAMce devo potAnA bhAvi kalyANa vize dharmanAtha jinezvarane prazna pUche che. tyAra pachI temAMthI pAprabhadeva eNvIne manuSyalokamAM sAgaradatta vepArI bane che ane pachI dIkSA laI sAgaradatta muni bane che. e sAgaradatta muni teo pote che. teo kuvalayacaMdrane A badho vRttAnta kahI rahyA che. temanA jaNAvyA pramANe mAnabhaTTano jIva kulayacaMdrakumAra pote che ane mAyAdityano jIva devalokamAMthI eNvI dakSiNa dezanA rAjanI putrI kumArI kuvalayamAlA tarIke avataryo che. tene pratibodha pamADavAnA hetuthI kuvalayacaMdrakumAra tyAMthI ja dakSiNa dizAmAM prayANa kare che. mArgamAM yakSa jinazekhara, vanasuMdarI eNikA, rAjaputra darpaphaliha vagerenA vRttAnto jANe che. pachI dakSiNa dezamAM vijayAnagarI jaI, pAdapUrti karI kumAra kuvalayamAlAne paraNe che. tene sAthe laI svadeza pAcho phare che. mArgamAM bhAnukumAra muninAM darzana karI saMsAra nA citrapaTano vRttAnta jANe che. kuvalacaMdranA Agamana pachI daDhavarma rAjA dIkSA le che. kuvalayamAlA kuMvarane janma Ape che. pUrvabhavano mohadattano jIva padhakesara deva thayA pachI A kuMvara tarIke avatare che. enuM nAma pRthvIrAra rAkhavAmAM Ave che. samaya jatAM kuvalayacaMdrakumAra kuvalayamAlA * 7

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ane kuvalayamAlA dIkSA le che. tyAra pachI keTaleka samaye pRthvIsAra paNa dIkSA le che. teo kALadharma pAmI `rIthI deva bane che. sAgaradatta muni ane siMha paNa deva bane che. e rIte e pAMce pharIthI devalokamAM deva thaI potAno kALa sukhamAM 5sAra kare che. tyAra pachI chellA tIrthaMkara zrImahAvIrasvAmInA samayamAM kuvalayacaMdradevano jIva kAmaMdI nagarImAM kaMcanaratha rAjAno zikAra-vyasanI putra maNi2thakumAra thAya che. kaMcanaratha rAjAnI vinaMtIthI mahAvIra prabhu enA eka pUrvabhavanI vAta kahe che, je sAMbhaLI vairAgya pAmelo maNirathakumAra prabhu pAse dIkSA le che. mohadattadevano jIva raNagajendrano putra kAmagajendra bane che. te potAne thayelA anubhavanI satyatA mahAvI2 prabhu pAsethI jANIne dIkSA le che. lobhadevano jIva devalokamAMthI AvI RSabhapura nagaranA rAjA caMdraguptano putra vajragupta thAya che. prAbhAtikanA zabdathI pratibodha pAmI mahAvIra prabhu pAse e dIkSA le che. caMDasomano jIva devalokamAMthI AvI yazadeva nAmanA brAhmaNano svayaMbhUdeva nAmano putra thAya che ane garuDa pakSInA vRttAntathI pratibodha pAmI mahAvIra prabhu pAse AvI dIkSA le che. mAyAdityadevano jIva rAgRha nagaramAM zreNika rAjAno putra mahAratha thAya che. potAnA svapnano khulAso mahAvIra prabhu pAsethI sAMbhaLI vairAgya thatAM te dIkSA le che. aMtamAM, e pAMce aMtima sAdhanA karI aMtakRta kevalI thaI mokSe jAya che. 'kuvalayamAlA'nI kathA eTale mukhyatve mohanIya karmanI kathA. mohanIya karma eTale rAga ane dveSa. temAM paNa krodha, mAna, mAyA ane lobha e cAra kaSAyo atyaMta baLavAna ane durreya hoya che. ene je jIte ane rAgadveSathI mukta thAya te ja aMte mokSagatine pAmI zake. 'kuvalayamAlA'nI kathA eTale janmajanmAMtaranI kathA. jaina kathAnI e vizeSatA hoya che, kAraNa ke karmano siddhAnta emAM pradhAnapaNe aMtargata rahelo hoya che. 'kuvalayamAlA'nI kathA eTale pAMca bhavanI kathA (kumAra kuvalayacaMdranI to kula cha bhavanI kathA che). kartAe mAna mATe mAnabhaTTa, krodha mATe caMDasoma, mAyA mATe mAyAditya, lobha mATe lobhadeva ane moha mATe mohadatta evAM rUpakazailInAM nAmo pAtro mATe prayojIne kathAnI racanA karI che. kartAe darekanI pAMca bhavanI kathAmAMthI barAbara vacalA bhavanI kathAne vyApaka banAvI che ane tyAMthI kathAno AraMbha karyo che. lobhadevano jIva sAgaradatta muni bane che. caMDasomadevano jIva siMha bane che. mAnabhaTTadevano jIva kuvalayacaMdra bane che. mAyAdityadevano jIva kuvalayamAlA bane che ane mohadattadevano jIva 8 * sAhityadarzana

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kuvalayamAlAno putra bane che. Ama, A pAMca pAtromAM traNa pAtrone gauNa banAvAyAM che ane kuvalayacaMdra tathA kuvalayamAlA e baMnene mukhya pAtro banAvI, kathAnAM nAyaka ane nAyikA banAvI tathA temanI sAthe bAkInAM pAtronI kathAne sAMkaLI laI A kathAnI racanA karavAmAM AvI che. ema karavAmAM lekhake pAtronI bhavAntaranI kathA dvArA sAruM kathAvaividhya ApyuM che. kathAvastumAM pAtronI dRSTie paNa ghaNuM vaividhya jovA maLe che. emAM rAjAo, rANIo, munibhagavaMto, brAhmaNo, vepArIo, vidyAdharo, tApaso, sArthavAho, mleccho, dhAtuvAdIo, vetAlo, yakSo, devo, rAkSaso, bAlikAo, chAtro, gaNadharo, viharamAna jinezvaro, vanakanyAo, zabarI vagere bhinnabhinna prakAranAM pAtro che. ghaTanAnI dRSTie paNa emAM sAruM vaividhya najare paDe che. dumana rAjya para caDAI, devInI upAsanA, apaharaNa, azvakrIDA, siMhanuM anazana, AtmahatyA, bhAI-bahenanI hatyA, citApraveza, kUvAmAM patana, mitravaMcanA, samudragamana, vahANano vinAza, pizAcono vArtAvinoda, rAjAnI rAtricaryA, jalakrIDA, vacana mATe prANatyAga, gAMDA hAthIne vaza karavo, smazAnamAM zaba sAthe rahevuM. ziraccheda, khanyavAda, garuDa pakSIno vairAgya vagere vividha prakAranI ghaTanAo A kathAmAM banatI AlekhAI che. aTavI, nagarI, udyAna, parvata, pallI, smazAna, cauTuM, vRkSakoTara, khetara, vApikA, araNya, sarovara, nadI, samudra, AkAza, mahAvidehakSetra, devaloka, nArakI vagere bhinnabhinna prakAranAM sthaLomAM A badhI ghaTanAo bane che. e dRSTie sthaLanaividhya paNa A kathAmAM sAruM jovA maLe Ama A kathAmAM pAtra, ghaTanA, ityAdinI dRSTie kartAe sArI vividhatA ANIne kathAne rocaka ane rasika banAvavA prayatna karyo che. mukhya kathA ane avAMtara kathAonI paraspara gUMthaNImAM paNa kartAe asAdhAraNa zakti darzAvI che. vAcakane uttarottara auskya thAya e rIte kathAnI saMkalanA karavAmAM AvI che. kathAno AraMbha karIne kartA tarata ja kathAne bhUtakALamAM laI jAya che ane ghaNAM prakaraNa pachI tene kathAnA vartamAna samaya sAthe sAMkaLI laI bhaviSyamAM gati karAve che. kathAno aMta jaina kathAomAM sAmAnya rIte jovA maLe che tevo, pAMce pAtronI mokSagatino che. graMthanuM nAma lekhake kathAnI nAyikA kuvalayamAlAnA nAma parathI ApyuM che. AvI rIte nAyaka ke nAyikAnA, vizeSataH nAyikAnA nAma parathI kathAnuM nAma ApavAnI praNAlikA kaviomAM prAcIna samayathI rUDha thayelI che. bANanI kAdaMbarI'mAM jema nAyikA kAdaMbarIno praveza moDo karAyo che tema A kathAmAM nAyikA kuvalayamAlA 9

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kuvalayamAlAno praveza paNa moDo thAya che. kathAnA aMta bhAgamAM pAMce pAtronI aMtima ArAdhanA saprayojana ghaNI vigate apAI che ane ethI tyAM kathApravAha sthagita thaI jato lAge che. paraMtu kathAne sameTI levAnI kathAkAranI utAvaLa to tethI paNa pUrve mahArathakumAranI kathAmAM joI zakAya che. dareka pAtranI kathAne vistArathI avAMtara kathAo sAthe varNavavAmAM AvI che, paraMtu mahArathakumAranI kathA taddana sIdhI, saraLa ane mAtra be TUMkI kaMDikA jeTalA saMkSepamAM rajU karavAmAM AvI che. evuM paNa kadAca banyuM hoya ke kartAe A kathA vistArathI AlekhI hoya, paraMtu samaya jatAM te hastapratomAMthI lupta thaI hoya.) mukhya kathAno pravAha ghaNA vaLAMka laI kyAMthI kyAM AgaLa vadhato jato hoya che. eTale e lekhakane spaSTa hoya teTalo vAcakane na hoya e svAbhAvika che. emAM kartA evI rIte vAcakane kathAnA pravAhamAM ghasaDI jAya che ke acAnaka vacce tene choDI devAyo hoya to te gADha vanamAM bhUlA paDelA pathika jevI sthiti anubhave. campa svarUpanI A pratimAM varNano vividha prakAranAM jovA maLe che. strIo. puruSo, nagarIo, aTavIo, parvato, samudranAM tophAno, duSkALa, rAtri, saMdhyA, prabhAta, Rtuo, devaloka, munio, nArakI, tiryaMcagatinAM duHkho, AkAzamArgamAMthI pRthvIloka, aMtapura, zabaro, vidyAdharo, chAtrAlaya, hAthI, ghoDA, vAghaNa, popaTa, vRkSo, karNapUraka sAthe jalakrIDA vagere ghaNI vastuonAM vigate varNana kavie judI judI kathAonA saMdarbhamAM karyA che. kyAreka samAsayukta to kyAreka saraLa bhASAmAM, kyAreka zleSAtmaka to kyAreka rUpaka zailIthI, kyAreka upamAonI hAramALA vaDe to kyAreka avanavI ujhekSAo vaDe kartAe varNano karyA che. nArIjAtinI upamAo vaDe dukAnonI hAranuM kavie kareluM varNana juo : 'e nagarInA dukAnamArgomAM keTalIka dukAnonI hAra jANe catura kAmIjanonI lIlAnI jema kesara, kapUra, agara, kasturI, sugaMdhI, paTavAsanI goThavaNIvALI che. keTalIka vaLI kinArA paranI vanarAji hoya tema elacI, laviMga, kaMkolanA DhagalAo jenA madhyabhAgamAM che evI che. bIjI keTalIka dukAnonI hAra zeThanI putrInI mAphaka motI, ratna, suvarNathI ujvaLa che. keTalIka netaranI dukAno kulaTA strIonI jema parapuruSane dekhavA mATe tAmravarNI, zyAma, ujjavala aNiyALI be AMkho prasArI che evI che. bIjI keTalIka khalapuruSanI goSThImaMDaLI jevI bahuvidha vyasano (zleSathI bIjo artha vastro)thI bharelI che. keTalIka grAmayuvatIo jevI pittaLanA caLakATavALI, zaMkhanAM baloyAM tathA kAcamaNinI zobhAvALI ane jenA mukhamAMthI kacUronI durgadha nIkaLe che evI che. bIjI keTalIka raNabhUmi jevI che, jemAM bANa, dhanuSya, taravAra, 10 ka sAhityadarzana

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cakra, bhAlAnA samUho dekhAya che. keTalIka matta hAthIonI ghaTAo jevI che, je laTakAvelAM zaMkha, cAmara, ghaMTanI zobhAvALI tathA siMdUravALI dekhAya che. vaLI keTalIka malayavanarAji jevI che, jemAM judI judI auSadhio ane puSkaLa caMdana vagere goThavelAM che. keTalIka sajjananI prIti jevI niraMtara snehavALI (zleSathI ghaNA snigdha padArthovALI) che, jemAM ghaNA manohara khAdya-padArtho ane pINAMo che. keTalIka marAThI strI jevI ekadama pILA raMgavALI, haLadaranI rajathI pragaTa rIte pILAM karavAmAM AvyAM che stana (zleSathI dukAnanA arthamAM payodhara' eTale mATalAM) evI manohara che. keTalIka naMdanabhUminI jema devatAovALI (zleSathI dukAnanA arthamAM "sasurA' eTale madirAvALI) ane jyAM haMmezAM vasaMtaRtu che (zleSathI dukAnanA arthamAM jyAM madhumAsa' eTale madhu ane mAMsa vecAya che) tevI che.' | vinItAnagarInuM parisaMkhyA alaMkAra prayojI kavie kareluM varNana juo : "A nagarImAM lokone vyasana hoya to te jJAna ane vijJAnanAM che, utsAha hoya to te dhanamAM ane raNAMgaNamAM che, prIti hoya to te dAna ane mAnamAM che, abhyAsa hoya to te dharma vize che. bemukha hoya to te mRdaMgamAM che (arthAtu nagaramAM koI be-vacanI nathI), khala zleSathI khoLa) hoya to te talanA vikAramAM che, sUcaka soya athavA evI aNIdAra vasta) hoya to te ketakInA phUlanA khIlavAmAM che (arthAt sUcaka eTale cADiyo nagaramAM koI nathI), kaThoratA hoya to te paththaramAM che, tIkSNatA hoya to te taravAranI dhAramAM che, aMdara malinatA hoya to te caMdramAmAM che, bhaTakavAnA svabhAvavALo hoya to te bhamaro che, pravAse janAra hoya to te haMsa che (arthAtu lokone pravAsathI thatA viyoganuM du:kha nathI), citrayukta hoya to te moranAM pIchAM che (arthAt loko vicitra svabhAvanA nathI), lohI pInAra hoya to te jaLo che, ajANyAM hoya to te bALako che. bIjAne tapAvanAra hoya te agni ahIM paralokanI ciMtA karavAmAM rasa hoya to te kevaLa sAdhu bhaTTArako che. moTA vRkSanI DALI bhAMgavAnI kriyA (karabhagga) phakta hAthIonI sUMDha vaDe karAya che (arthAt karabhAga eTale rAjya taraphathI karano bojo lokone nathI), daDa', paga ThokavA" evA zabdo phakta chatra ane nRtya vize bolAya che (arthAtu lokone rAjya taraphathI daMDa karavo paDe tevI sthiti nathI), kapaTa mAtra IndrajAlamAM che (arthAt lokomAM chetarapiDI nathI), visaMvAda mAtra svapnamAM bolavAmAM jaNAya che. khaMDitatA phakta kAminInA hoThamAM dekhAya che, daDhapaNe bAMdhavAnuM mAtra sonIo vaDe mahAratnanuM thAya kuvalayamAlA - 11

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dharma ane tattvajJAnanA kaThina viSayomAM varNano paNa kavie zAstrIya cokkasAI sAthe upamAdi alaMkAro vaDe rasika banAvyAM che, Atmatattva eTale ke jIvanA svarUpa vize samajAvatAM teo lakhe che : sva dravya kSetra, kALa ane bhAva vaDe karIne potAnuM sarva che, para dravya kSetra, kALa ane bhAva vaDe karIne sarva potAnuM nathI e paNa kharuM. joke zarIramAM apratyakSa evo jIva pakaDI zakAto nathI, topaNa A cihno vaDe karIne anumAnathI jANI zakAya che. avagraha, hA, apoha, buddhi, medhA, mati, vitarka, vijJAna, bhAvanA, AvA ghaNA prakAranA vikalpo, liMgo, cihano vaDe anumAnathI AtmA jANI zakAya che. A huM karuM chuM, A huM karIMza, A meM karyuM ema traNe kALa A je jANe te jIva. te jIva nathI ujvaLa, nathI zyAma, nathI lAla, nathI nIla ke nathI kApotaraMgano; mAtra pudgalamaya dehamAM varNakrama prApta kare che. te nathI lAMbo, nathI vAMko, nathI corasa, nathI goLa, nathI ThIMgaNo; dehamAM rahelo jIva karmathI AkAra pAme che. jIva ThaMDo, garama, kaThora ke komaLa sparzavALo nathI paNa karmathI bhAre, halako ke snigdhabhAva dehane viSe pAme che. jIva khATo nathI, madhura nathI, kaDavo ke tIkho nathI, kaSAya ke khAro nathI; zarIramAM rahelo hovAthI durgadhI ke sugaMdhI bhAvane te pAme che. te zarIranI aMdara ghaTa-paTa rUpa nathI, tema ja sarvavyApI ke mAtra aMgUThA jevaDo paNa jIva nathI. potAnA karmAnusAra grahaNa karelA deha pramANe ane nakha-dAMta kezavarjita bAkInA zarIramAM vyApelo che. jema talamAM tela athavA puSpamAM sugaMdha anyonya vyApelAM che tema deha ane jIva paraspara ekabIjAnI aMdara vyApIne rahelA che. jema zarIra upara tela ke cIkAza lAgela hoya ane ApaNI jANa bahAra dhULa lAgI jAya tema rAgadveSa rUpI snigdha karma lAgI jAya che. jema jIve koI jagyA para jAya to zarIra paNa sAthe jAya che tevI rIte mUrta karma paNa jIvanI nizrAe sAthe ja jAya che. jema mora pIchAMo sAthe UDIne jAya che tema jIva paNa karmasamUhathI parivarelo ja jAya che. jema koI puruSa rasoI karI pote ja tene khAya che tema jIva paNa pote ja karma karI svayaM bhogave che. jema vizALa sarovaramAM guMjArava karatA vAyarAthI haDa nAmanuM ghAsa Amatema hale che tema saMsAra-samudramAM karma vaDe prerita jIva bhramaNa kare che. jema koI mANasa jIrNa gharamAMthI nIkaLI navIna gharamAM jAya che tema jIva paNa jUno deha choDI navIna dehamAM praveza kare che. jema mINamAM chupAyeluM ratna aMdarathI phurAyamAna kAMtivALuM chatAM koIka ja jANe che tema gUDha karmasamUhane koIka ja jJAnI jIva jANI zake che." jema dIvo UMcA, vizALa ane lAMbA uttama gharamAM hoya to prakAza phelAve 12 sAhityadarzana

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che ane be zakorAM vacce rAkhelo hoya to teTalA ja bhAgamAM prakAza kare che, tema jIva paNa lAkha jojana UMco deha hoya to tene paNa sajIvana kare che ane kuMthunA zarIramAM praveza kare to teTalA ja mAtra dehathI saMtuSTa rahe che. jema AkAzatalamAM jato pavana mANasa dekhI zakato nathI tema bhavamAM bhamato jIva paNa AMkhathI dekhI zakAto nathI. jema gharamAM dvArathI praveza karato vAyu rokI zakAya che tema jIva rUpI gharamAM pApa AvavAnAM indriya-dvAro rokI zakAya che. jema ghAsa ane lAkaDAM moTI jvALAvALA agni vaDe baLI jAya che tema jIvanAM karmamala dhyAna yoga vaDe baLIne bhasma thAya che. jema bIja ane aMkuranAM kA2Na ane kArya jANI zakAtAM nathI tema anaMtakALano jIva ane karmano sahabhAva jANI zakAto nathI. jema dhAtu ane paththara jamInamAM sAthe utpanna thayAM hoya ane pachI agnimAM paththara ane mala bALIne suvarNa cokhkhuM karAya che tema jIva ane karmano anAdikALano saMbaMdha hoya che chatAM dhyAnayogathI karmarUpI kIcaDanI nirjarA karIne jIva taddana nirmaLa karAya che. jema nirmaLa caMdrakAntamaNi caMdrakiraNanA yogathI pANI jhare che tema jIva paNa samyaktva pAmIne karmamala nirjhare che. jema sUryakAntamaNi sUryathI tapatAM agni choDe che tema jIva paNa tapa vaDe karI potAne zoSato jJAna prApta kare che. jema kAdavanA lepathI rahita tuMbaDuM ekadama svAbhAvikapaNe pANI upara rahe che tema samagra karmaleparahita jIva paNa lokAge siddhazilA upara zAzvatapaNe rahe che.' A graMthamAM kavie judI judI kathAonA prasaMgamAM keTalIka nagarIonuM varNana karyuM che. emAM keTaleka sthaLe prathama mukhya dezanuM ane tyAra pachI tenI mukhya nagarInuM varNana karyuM che. kuvalayakumAranI kathAmAM vinItA ayodhyAnuM, puraMdararAjAnI kathAmAM vatsadezanI kauzAMbInagarInuM, caMDasomanI kathAmAM milANa dezanI kaMcInagarInuM, mAnabhaTTanI kathAmAM avaMtI dezanI ujjayinInagarInuM, mAyAdityanI kathAmAM kAzIdezanI vArANasInagarInuM, lobhadevanI kathAmAM uttarApathanI takSazilA nagarInuM, mohadattanI kathAmAM kauzaladezanI kauzalAnagarInuM, sAgaradattanI kathAmAM caMpAnagarInuM, yakSa jinazekharanI kathAmAM mAkaMdInagarInuM, darpalihanI kathAmAM ratnApurInagarInuM, kumArI kuvalayamAlAnI kathAmAM vijayA nagarInuM, saMsAracakranI kathAmAM lATa dezanI dvArikAnagarInuM, maNirathakumAranI kathAmAM kAkaMdI nagarInuM, suMdarInI kathAmAM sAketa nagaranuM, kAmagajendranI kathAmAM aruNAbhanagaranuM, vaguptanI kathAmAM RSabhapuranuM varNana ka2vAmAM AvyuM che. ujjayinI ane ayodhyAnuM varNana mukhya kathAnA prasaMgomAM vikAsa anusAra eka karatAM vadhAre vakhata karAyuM che. nagarIonAM varNanomAM nagaranuM nAma, killo, dukAnamArgo, upavana, sanniveza, kuvalayamAlA 13

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AvAso, sarovaro, taLAvo, maMdiro, vAvaDIo, judA judA varganA loko, yuvaka ane yuvatIo, pazu, pakSIo ane tyAM pravartatI bhinna bhinna RtuonuM alaMkArayukta varNana karIne kavie temAM ghaNuM manohara vaividhya ApyuM che. keTaleka sthaLe varNana saMkSepamAM karyuM che, to keTaleka sthaLe vistArathI paNa karyuM che. vinItAnagarInuM varNana karatAM graMthakAre bhinnabhinna vastuomAM comAsAnI aneka vastuonI utmakSA karI che. jemake "nirdaya karatala vaDe vagADAtAM tabalAM ane vAjiMtro sAthe gavAtAM gItathI jANe meghanAda na thato hoya !" e nagarImAM jANe bAre mAsa navA comAsAno samaya pravartato hoya tevI manoharatAnuM sUcana karyuM che. ratnApurI nagarInI zreSThatA batAvavA mATe kavi kahe che te nagarImAM je kaMI padyartha parAbhava pAmavAthI adhama ke halako gaNAya che te padArtha bIjI nagarImAM jAya to tyAM te prathama sthAna prApta karanAra gaNAya che. kavie A graMthamAM badhI ja RtuonuM varNana karyuM che paraMtu temAM zarada, varSA, vasaMta ane grISma e cAra tunuM vadhAre vigate Alekhana karyuM che. caMDasomanI kathAmAM kavie zaradaRtunuM varNana karyuM che. kAsa jAtinAM phUla jevo ujajvaLa nirmaLa jalanA taraMganI zobhAvALo, sphaTika hoya tevo, zaradakALa caMdranI jyotsA, khIlelAM puSponI sugaMdha, navapallavita lImaDAo, UgelA anAjanA choDa, baLadonA avAja vagere vaDe manohara lAge che. kavie samAsayukta bhASAmAM racelI cAra kaDImAM A zaradaRtunuM varNana karyuM che. - darpaphalihanI kathAmAM kavie va stunuM varNana karyuM che. upamA alaMkAra vaDe karAyelA A varNanamAM kavi lakhe che ke koIka gyAe sarovaranAM kAdava ane ghAsa zarIre coTelAM hoya tevA, vananI bheMso jevA megha utAvaLathI vicAratA hoya tema jaNAtA hatA. bhayaMkara ane bhamarAnA aMga jevI kAMtivALA megha kAmI asuranI jema vicaratA hatA. vaLI navIna pAkatA AMbAnI gaMdhavALo phelAto pavana dhamadhama karato vanamAM vAI rahyo hato. prathama varSA thavAnA yoge pRthvI ane jaLano saMgama thavAthI mATInI saurabhavALo ane bheMsone mada karAvanAra sugaMdhI pavana vAI rahyo hato. te vakhate navIna komaLa aMkuro jamInamAMthI bahAra phUTavA lAgyA. parvatanAM zikharo ane guphAomAM mora nRtya karavA lAgyA. pati paradeza gayo hoya tevI gRhiNIo dIna ane udAsIna rahevA lAgI. navA UgelA aMkurothI pRthvI zobhavA lAgI. loko AkuLavyAkuLa banavA lAgyA. pANInI parabonA maMDapo choDAvA lAgyA. kheDUto haLa ane khetInAM sAdhano taiyAra karavA lAgyA. musApharo ghera pAchA pharavA lAgyA. gAmomAM gharanAM chAparAM sarakhAM karAvA lAgyAM." 14 - sAhityadarzana

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varSAnuM A varNana kavie atyaMta manohara karyuM che. temAMnuM keTaluMka padyamAM samAsayukta zailIthI kareluM che ane keTaluMka gadyamAM layayukta nAnI nAnI gadyapaMktiothI kareluM che. varSAnA varNanamAM kavinI avalokanazaktino ApaNane sarasa paricaya thAya che. mAnabhaTTanI kathAmAM kavie kareluM vasaMtaRtunuM varNana varSARtunA varNananI apekSAe TUMkuM che. kokilAnA madhura zabdovALuM, bhamarAnA guMjAravathI vAcALa, kAmabANathI duprekSya, navIna puSpone kaLIrUpa aMjali karIne namra banelA sAmaMto mAphaka vasaMtakALa Ave che. vasaMtaRtunuM Agamana thatAM svAdhIna pativALI strIo harSathI praphullita bane che. proSitabhartRkA dInamukhavALI bane che. bALako ekaThAM thaI moTA avAja kare che. yuvaka-yuvatIonI maMDaLIo rAsaDA gAya che. madirApAna karAya che. gIto gavAya che ane RtumAM madanotsava paNa UjavAya che.' prakRtivarNanamAM kavie divasa ane rAtrinA judA judA pahoranuM paNa manohara varNana karyuM che. saMdhyAnuM varNana karatAM kavi lakhe che, bALaka jaLAzayamAM ta2vA kUdako mAre tyAre hAtha nIcA karelA hoya, mukha nIce hoya ane paga UMce gayelA hoya tathA mastaka UchaLatuM hoya tevI rIte sUrya agira 52 pharavA lAgyo. potAnAM kiraNarUpI doraDAMthI bAMdhelo sUryarUpI ghaDo saMdhyArUpI patnI vaDe AkAzamAMthI samudrarUpI kUvAmAM utArAyo. jeno pratApa ocho thaI gayo che, AMkhamAM paDala AvavAthI teja ghaTI gayuM che ane hAtha saMkocAI gayA che evA vRddhanI jema sUrya thayo hato. janmelAnuM nakkI mRtyu hoya che ane riddhi paNa ApattirUpa nakkI thAya che e pramANe kaheto hoya tema sUrya astagirinA zikharathI nIce paDyo. atyaMta AkarA ka2 nAkhIne anukrame samagra bhuvanane khala rAjA trAsa pamADI pachI ekadama vinAza pAme che tema sUrya asta pAmyo. sUryarUpI nRpati asta pAmatAM kamaLarUpI mugdha rANIo azrujaLathI malina nIcuM mukha karIne jANe rudana karatI hatI ane rudana karatI mAtAone dekhI bALako jema lAMbA samaya sudhI rudananuM anukaraNa kare tema rudana karatAM kamaLone dekhI mugdha bhramaro paNa guMjArava dvArA rudananuM anukaraNa karatA hatA. sUryarUpI mitranA viyogamAM haMsoe karelA zabdarUpI rudanane lIdhe kamaLanA hRdaya mAphaka cakravAkanuM yugala vikhUTuM paDyuM, jema pati pAchaLa lAla kasuMbo paherI kulabAlikA satI thAya che tema sUryarUpI narendrano asta thayelo jANI kusuma sarakhuM lAla AkAza dhAraNa karanArI saMdhyA sUrya pAchaLa samudramAM mRtyu pAmI. vaLI, khala-bhogI ane patnInA piya2mAM mANaso yAcanA kare te samaye temanAM mukha thoDAM jhAMkhAM paDe tema thoDA aMdhakArasamUha vaDe dizApatnIonAM mukha zyAma banI gayAM. kuvalayamAlA H 15

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mitraviyogarUpI agnimAM baLatAM hRdayovALAM pakSIo vyAkuLa banI vilApa karavA lAgyAM ane IrSyALu rAjAnI rANIonI jema dUra najara karatI daSTio rokAI gaI. tribhuvanano gRhasvAmI kALadharma pAme tevI rIte sUrya asta thatAM saMdhyA samaye lokonA zorabakoranA uddAma avAjarUpI rudana jANe dizApatnIo karatI hatI." te samaye bhuvanatalamAM kayo vRttAnta pravartI rahyo hato? jaMgalamAMthI godhana carIne pAchuM ghara tarapha AvI rahyuM hatuM. coranAM ToLAM bahAra nIkaLyAM hatAM. musApharonA samudAya mukAma nAkhatA hatA. vyabhicArIo, vezyA-vArAMganAo utkaMThita thayAM hatAM, munivaro saMdhyopAsanAnA kAryamAM rokAI gayA hatA, cakravAkI virahadu:kha anubhavatI hatI. strIpuruSonAM hRdaya ucchuvAsa laI rahyAM hatAM, brAhmaNonAM gRhomAM gAyatrIno jApa cAlI rahyo hato. kAkAkauA mauna banI gayA hatA. ghuvaDa pharavA mAMDyAM hatAM. pigalika pakSIo cilacila zabda karatAM hatAM. pakSIo kUjana karatAM hatAM, kAkiNIo nAcavA lAgI hatI. bhUto pharavA lAgyAM hatAM. ziyALo raDavA lAgyAM hatAM. vaLI vRkSonI aMdara pakSIo nidrAdhIna banyAM hatAM. ane bALaka jema mAtAnI soDamAM sUI jAya tema vanarAji sUI gaI hatI.' AvA saMdhyAsamaye kevA kevA zabdo kaI kaI jagyAe saMbhaLAvA lAgyA ? maMtrajApa karavAnA maMDaponI aMdara havanamAM ghI, tala ane samidhanI AhutinA taDataDa zabdo, brAhmaNonI pAThazALAmAM gaMbhIra vedapaThananA zabdo, rudramaMdiramAM manahara cittAkarSaka gItanAdo, dhArmika maThomAM gaLuM phATI jAya tevA zabdo, kApAlikonA gharamAM ghaMTA DamarUkanA zabdo, cauTA vacce AvelA zivamaMdiramAM vArjiva ane pokAranA zabdo, makAnomAM bhagavadgItAnAM pArAyaNa ane dhUnanA zabdo, jinamaMdiromAM sadbhuta yathArtha guNanI racanAvALAM stutistotranA zabdo, buddhamaMdiramAM ekAMta karuNa rasavALAM arthagarbhita vacano, nagaragRhomAM vagADelA moTA ghaMTanAdo, kArtikasvAmInA maMdiramAM mora kUkaDA ane cakalAMnA zabdo ane UMcAM devamaMdiromAM manohara kAminIonAM gItonA tema ja mRdaMga madhura svaro saMbhaLAya che. vaLI - koI jagyAe gItano avAja, koI jagyAe tabalAMno avAja tathA koI gyAe eka sAthe bolatAM bhajanaAratIno avAja rAtri zarU thatI hatI te samaye saMbhaLAto hato.' vaLI kAminIgRhomAM kevA kevA zabdo saMbhaLAtA hatA? are pallavikA, zayanagRha barAbara taiyAra kara, citrAmaNavALI bhitIo jhApaTI nAkha, maMdirAmAM kapUra nAkha, puSpamALAnuM gRha taiyAra kara, bhUmi upara patravelanI bhAta ane raMgoLInI racanA karo, puSponI pathArI banAva, dhUpaghaTikAo saLagAvo, madhura zabda bolanArAM 16 sAhityadarzana

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pALelAM pakSIonA saMyoga karo, nAgaravelanAM pAnanAM bIDAM taiyAra karo, kapUra elacI vagerenI peTI mUko, karkolaka (sugaMdhI phaLa)nI goLIo nAkho, gavAkSamAM rAcyA taiyAra karo, ziMgoDAM Apo, gaLAnuM AbhUSaNa mUkajo, cAkaLo nAkhajo, dIpako pragaTAvajo, madirA aMdara lAvajo, vALa sarakhA karI vadhAre vakhata sudhI snAnabhAjanamAM snAna karajo, madirAnI pyAlI pAchI mAgI lo, dArU bharelA pyAlA hAthamAM Apa ane zayana pAse judA judA mevA, mIThAI ane pINA goThavaje." kavie prakRtinAM vividha prakAranAM varNano karyA che. tevI rIte pazupaMkhIo ane judA judA varganAM mAnavIonAM varNano paNa rasika tathA vigatapUrNa karyA che. jaina munionI dinacaryAnuM varNana karatAM kavie jaina zAstronAM nAma enA viSayo sAthe sAMkaLI lIdhAM che. kavi lakhe che : dharma karavAmAM samudra jevA, karmarUpI mahAparvatane pUrNa karavA mATe vaja jevA, kSamAno guNa mukhyatve dhAraNa karanAra, upasarga sahana karavAmAM vRkSa samAna, paMca mahAvratarUpI phaLasamudAyathI zobhatA, guptipuSpathI suzobhita, zIlAMgorUpI patrothI yukta, kalpavRkSa ane ciMtAmaNi ratna jevA te munio che. keTalAka jIva-ajIvanA bhedo, kAryAkAryanA phaLavicAro, sAdhunI samAcArI ane AcAronA vicAra karI rahyA che. keTalAka svazAstra ane parazAstrano paramArtha sUcavatA "sUtrakRtAMga' sUtranuM anuguNana kare che, keTalAka ahIM saMyamamAM sArI rIte rahelA "ThANAMgasUtra'nuM zravaNa kare che, keTalAka bIjA bhAgyazALI sAdhuo "samavAyAMgasUtra' ane sarva vidyAo bhaNe che, saMsArasvarUpa samajanAra bIjA keTalAka munio "vivAhaprajJapti' athavA bhagavatIsUtra'nAM amRtarasa mizrita vacanone mukha dvArA pAna karI hRdayamAM dhAraNa kare che, keTalAka 'jJAtAdharmakathA"nuM ane bIjA keTalAka upAzaka dazA', 'aMtakRta dazA', anutara dazA sUtronuM parAvartana kare che, keTalAka jANakArane prazna pUche che ane traNalokanA guru AcArya spaSTa pUchelA praznonA uttarasvarUpa prazna vyAkaraNa' sUtra bhaNAve che. sakala tribhuvanano jemAM vistRta artha kahela che, prazasta zAstronA artha jemAM che evAM seMkaDo zAtravALA "dRSTivAda (bAramuM aMga)no keTalAka kRtArtha sAdhuo abhyAsa kare che. jIvonI prajJApanA samajaNa jemAM ApI che evA prajJApanA' sUtranuM, sUryaprajJApti' tema ja "candraprajJApti' sUtranuM parAvartana keTalAka kare che, tema ja bIjA keTalAka maharSio gaNadharoe racelAM, sAmAnya kevaLIe karelAM, pratyeka buddhoe viracelAM zAstrono abhyAsa kare che. koIka jagyAe keTalAka sAdhuo pAMca avayava, dasa hetuo, pratyakSa parokSa anumAna pramANa e cAreno vicAra kare che. vaLI keTalAka bhavasamudramAM vahANa jevA rAga-mohanI beDIne toDanAra, ATha karmanI gAMThane bhedavAmAM kuvalayamAlA * 17

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vaja samAna dharmopadeza Ape che. vaLI, mohAMdhakAra dUra karavAmAM sUrya jevA, paravAdIrUpa haraNane mAravAmAM siMha jevA, nayavAdarUpI tIkSNa nakhavALA vAdIo paNa tyAM che. lokAloka prakAzita karanAra, ati sUkSma padArthane pragaTa karanAra, kevaLIoe sUtrarUpe jenI racanA karelI che evA nimittazAstrano keTalAka vicAra kare che. judA judA jIvanI utpatti ane suvarNa, maNi, rajata, dhAtunA saMyoga jemAM rahelA che te yoniprAbhRta'no keTalAka abhyAsa kare che. jemanAM lohI ane mAMsa tapasyAthI sukAI javAne kAraNe hADakAMnA banAvelA pAMjarA jevA dekhAtA. ane jeo cAle tyAre hADakAMnA kaDakaDa zabdo thAya che tevA seMkaDo tapasvIone rAjA jue che. manohara vacanayukta arthagaMbhIra ane sarva alaMkArayukta hovAthI suMdara ane amRtanA pravAha jevAM madhura kAvyonI racanA karatA, keTalAka jyotiSIoe bhaNAyeluM parAvartana karatA, keTalAka siddhAMtanA sArane yAda karatA, keTalAka mana vacana ane kAyAne gopavatA, keTalAka zvAsocchavAsane rokatA, keTalAka AMkhane sthira karatA, keTalAka jinavacananuM dhyAna dharatA, keTalAka pratimAne vahana karatA evA aneka munivarone rAjAe joyA." koI jagyAe pratimAnI jema sthira beThelA, koI jagyAe niyama laIne rahelA, koI jagyAe vIrAsana karIne beThelA, koI jagyAe utkaTAsane rahelA, koI gAya dohavAnI jema Asane rahelA ane koI jagyAe padmAsane rahelA sAdhuone joyA.' kuvalayamAlAmAM kuvalayakumAra ane kumArI kuvalayamAlAnI mukhya kathAmAM bIjI ghaNI kathAo kartAe saMkalita karI lIdhI che. A AkhA graMthamAM emaNe zRMgAra, vIra, karuNa, hAsya, bIbhatsa, zAMta vagere rasonuM Alekhana kareluM che. ahIM zRMgArarasanuM je Alekhana karavAmAM AvyuM che te joI koIkane prazna thAya che ke eka jainAcArye karelI A dharmakathAnI racanAmAM zRMgArasane sthAna kema hoI zake? A dRSTibiMduthI jotAM koIkane kadAca A kathAmAM nirUpAyelo zRMgArarasa TIkArUpa paNa lAge paraMtu lekhaka pote A vastusthitithI anabhijJa nathI. temaNe zRMgArarasanuM je Alekhana karyuM che te prayojana che ane potAno mAthe Avo apavAda kadAca Ave ema samajIne temaNe graMthane aMte e bAbatano khulAso paNa karelo che. graMthanA AraMbhamAM temaNe batAvyuM che ke judA judA prakAranA jIva, pariNAma bhAva jANavA mATe sarva upAya karavAmAM nipuNa jinezvara bhagavaMte cAra prakAranI kathA kahI che, jemake 1. AkSepaNI, 2. vikSepaNI, 3. saMvegajananI, 4. nirvedajananI. AkSepaNI kathA te vAcakane prathama zravaNa tarapha AkarSI ane aMte dharma tarapha 18 sAhityadarzana

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AkarSanAra bane che. vikSepaNI kathA tene saMsArathI dUra laI janAra bane che. saMvegajananI kathA vAcakane mokSAbhilASI banAve che ane nirvedajananI kathA tenAmAM saMsAra pratye nirveda janmAve che. A kathAprakAro jaNAvyA pachI kavi kahe che ema ahIM paNa cAra prakAranI dharmakathA zarU karI che, temAM koI koI kAmazAstrano saMbaMdha paNa kahevAze mATe tene nirarthaka na gaNazo, paraMtu dharmaprApti karAvavAmAM te AkarSaNa karanAra che ema gaNIne tenuM bahumAna karazo. graMthanA aMte paNa kavi kahe che ke amArA para IrSyA karanAra khala, pizuna, rAgI, mUDha vagere na bolavA yogya bolaze ane kaheze ke AmAM rAga bahu varNavyo che. to rAgabaMdhana utpanna thAya tevI racanA zA mATe karavI ? tenA uttaramAM kartA kahe che ke rAgavALuM citta hoya tene prathama rAga dekhADavAthI pachIthI vairAgya thAya che. A rAga vairAgyano hetu bane che. vaLI koI prazna kare ke dharmanI A vArtAmAM puruSonAM lakSaNo zA mATe kahevAya che? tenA javAbamAM kartA kahe che ke zrotAonuM AkarSaNa karavuM e kaviono dharma che. vaLI, A rIte dharmakathAmAM rAga varNavAyo hoya evI potAnI purogAmI kathA tarIke vasudevahiMDI ane dhamilapiMDIno e saMdarbhamAM kavie nirdeza paNa karelo che. zrI udyotanasUrie A kathAnI racanA evI rIte karI che ane emAM avAMtara kathAo evI rIte gUMthI lIdhI che ke jethI temAM judA judA prasaMge prasaMgocita dharmatattvanI vicAraNA potAnA dvArA ke koI pAtra dvArA karavAmAM Ave. caMprakAranI A racanA hoIne temAM kathAtattvano pravAha vacce vacce maMda bane ane varNana ke vivecana pradhAnasthAna le e svAbhAvika che. vaLI ahIM to kartAno uddeza eka saMkIrNa dharmakathA kahevAno che ane tethI kathA ke kavitA karatAM dharma-vicAraNA ane dharmopadeza temAM prAdhAnya bhogave e paNa svAbhAvika che. kavi pote jaina che. potAnAM dharmazAstronA teo mahAna jJAtA paNa che enI pratIti A graMtha vAMcatAM vAraMvAra ApaNane thAya che. jene dharmanI badhI ja mahattvanI vicAraNA temaNe AmAM prasaMgopAtta gUMthI lIdhI che eTaluM ja nahi dhULa dhArmika kriyAonAM varNano paNa temaNe vacce vacce mUkyAM che. samyakatvanAM lakSaNo, bAra bhAvanA, pAMca samiti, traNa gupti, dezavirati. sarvavirati, karmamImAMsA, nArakI ane tiryaMca gatinAM duHkho, kaSAyanuM svarUpa, lekSA vicAraNA, municaryA, mahAvidehakSetra, manuSya janmanI durlabhatA, devagati ane cyavana samaya, bAlamaraNa, ane paMDitamaraNa, jIvananA janmamaraNanI anaMtatA, paMcaparameSThine namaskAra, cAra zaraNa vagere vize AmAM vistArathI samajAvavAmAM AvyuM che. kavinuM tattvaciMtana atyaMta vizuddha che; vaLI bhASA uparanuM prabhutva asAdhAraNa che ane chaMdo paranuM prabhutva paNa apratima che. eTale Avo kuvalayamAlA 19

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zAstropadeza temaNe ghaNuMkharuM padyamAM ane te paNa saraLa pravAhI gAthAnI prAsAdika paMktiomAM Apyo che. A upadeza temaNe rUpaka, upamA ke dRSTAMta dvArA atyaMta sacoTa ane vAMcanArane tarata gaLe UtarI jAya tevI rIte rajU karyo che. AthI tattvajJAnanI zuSka vAto paNa kavitAnI uccakoTie pahoMcelI A graMthamAM anekavAra ApaNane jovA maLe che. vimaLamaMtrIne pataMgiyuM ane garuDano prasaMga kahI rAjarSi bhagavaMta dharmanuM svarUpa vistArathI samajAve che. maNirathakumAranI kathAmAM bAra bhAvanAo samajAvavAmAM AvI che, ane tyAra pachI strI, puruSa, napuMsaka, AMdhaLo, bahero, apaMga, jJAnI ke ajJAnI vagere bhedo kayA karmaphaLane kAraNe thAya che te samajAvavAmAM AvyuM che. saMsAracakranA citrapaTa dvArA cAre gatinAM dazyo, karmonI viSamatA, parigrahanuM pApa vagere samajAvIne pratyeka vyavasAyano AdhyAtmika artha kevI rIte ghaTAvavo te sacoTa rIte samajAvyuM che. vaLI kavie tatkALe bhAratamAM pravartatA judA judA dharmonA saMpradAyamAM kevI kevI truTio rahelI che te saMkSepamAM samajavA mATe dharmavAdIne bolAve che ane te dareka dharmavAdI potAnA dharmanAM uttama tattvo gAthAnI eka paMktimAM rajU kare che ane enA vize rAjA ke ciMtana kare che te paNa gAthAnI eka paMktimAM rajU karAyuM che. e badhAne aMte yathArtha dharmanI cakAsaNI karI rAjA jinadharmanI dIkSA aMgIkAra kare che. AvA dareka prasaMge graMthakAre zAstramImAMsA karavAnI sArI taka jhaDapI che. vastutaH kartAe pote jaNAvyuM che te pramANe kavitAnA uddezathI prerAIne nahi paNa dharmAnurAgathI prerAIne pote A dharmakathAnuM sarjana karyuM che ane mATe ja A kathAmAM koI koI sthaLe evA prasaMgo rajU karavAmAM AvyA che ane evo sacoTa dharmopadeza apAyo che ke te vAMcIne sujJa vAMcanAranA cittamAM tatkALa vairAgyanA aMkura phUTe to navAI nahi. jIvanaparivartana karAvavAno saMbhAra ane zakti A graMthamAM paDyAM che, e niHsaMzaya che. eTale lekhake ene dharmakathA tarIke oLakhAvI che e eTaluM ja sAcuM che. alabatta, ene dharmakathA kahevAthI zreSTha kRti tarIkenuM enuM gaurava jarA paNa ochuM thatuM nathI. A graMthamAM mukhya kathAnA ane tenI avAMtara kathAonA prasaMgomAM kavie jIvananI ghaNI bhinnabhinna bAjuonuM Alekhana karIne temAM puSkaLa vaividhya ApyuM che. e sarvano AsvAda mANatAM kathAkAre jagatanuM ane jIvananuM keTaluM sUkSma avalokana karyuM haze tenI ApaNane pratIti thAya che. A uparAMta, kavie bhinnabhinna zAstro, jAtio, vyavahAra, dharma, bhASAo vagereno keTalo abhyAsa karyo haze teno paNa vakhatovakhata ApaNane paricaya thAya che. rAziphaLAdeza, ghoDAnI jAtio, vividha kaLAo, dhAtuvAda, khanyavAda, zakunavicAra, sAmudrika lakSaNo, prahelikAo vagere 20 sAhityadarzana

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saMbaMdhavALAM lakSaNo lekhakanI bahuzrutatAnI pratIti karAve che. 'kuvalayamAlAmAM tatkAlIna lokajIvananuM suMdara pratibimba paDyuM che. kuvalayakumAra vijayAnagarImAM jAya che, tyAre rAjakanyA kuvalayamAlA vizenA samAcAra meLavavA mATe panihArIonI vAto sAMbhaLe che, chAtrAlayamAM jAya che ane bajAramAM jAya che. te prasaMge kevA kevA lokone kevI kevI vAto karatAM te sAMbhaLe. che tenuM vigate, tAdaza ane citrAtmaka varNana kavi kare che. chAtrAlayamAM je vidyArthIo hatA te lATa dezanA, karNATakanA, mAlavAnA, kanojanA, golladezanA, mahArASTranA, saurASTranA, DhakkadezanA, kAzamIranA, aMgadezanA ane siMdhadezanA hatA. chAtrAlayamAM chAtronA judA judA vargo cAlatA hatA. temAM judAM judAM zAstronA vargonuM varNana karatAM kavi lakhe che : "eka vargamAM prakRti, pratyaya, lopa, Agama, varNavikAra, Adeza, samAsa, upasarga vagere vibhAga karavAmAM nipuNa evA vyAkaraNanI vyAkhyA cAlatI hatI. bIjA vargamAM rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza, zabdanA saMyoga mAtra kalpanAnA che, rUpamAM kSaNabhaMguratA che, kSaNekSaNe vinAza pAmavAnA svabhAvavALuM che evI bauddhadarzananI vyAkhyAo cAlatI hatI. koIka jagyAe utpatti, vinAza, parihAra, avasthita, nitya, apAya, svarUpa, prakRti, vizeSa, upanIta, sukhaduHkhAnubhavanuM svarUpa vagere sAMkhyadarzananI vyAkhyAo cAlatI hatI. koIka maMDaLImAM dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa samavAya, padArtha, rUpanirUpaNA, avasthita, bhinnaguNa avayava vagerenI prarUpaNA karanAra vaizeSika darzananI vyAkhyAo cAlatI hatI. koIka jagyAe pratyakSa, anumAna, pramANa, cha nirUpita nitya jIvAdi nathI, sarvasaMvAda pada, vAkya, pramANAdivAdI mImAMsAdarzananI vyAkhyAo cAlatI hatI. koIka jagyAe prameya, saMzaya, nirNaya, chala jAti, nigraha sthAnavAdI taiyAyikadarzananI vyAkhyAo cAlatI hatI. koIka jagyAe jIvAjIvAdika padArthamAM rahelA dravyasthita paryAya, naya nirUpaNa, vibhAga, nitya, anitya vagere jainadarzananA anekAntavAdanI vyAkhyAo cAlatI hatI. koIka jagyAe pRthvI, pANI, agni, pavana, AkAza, saMyoga vizeSathI utpanna thayela caitanya vagere vize vAda karanAra lokAyatikavAdanI vyAkhyAo cAlatI hatI." eka bAju jema zAstracarcA karanAra buddhizALI chAtronuM citra kavie doryuM che tema bIjI bAju ThoTha chAtronuM citra doratAM kavi lakhe che, "mAtra khAvApIvAmAM rasa dharAvanAra te chAtro kevA hatA? vAMkA vALane hAthathI sarakhA karyA karanAra, niSpharapaNe paga ThokIne cAlavAvALA, pahoLA zarIravALA, bhujAonI unnata TocavALA, pArakAMne tyAMthI bhojana meLavI hRSTapuSTa mAMsapUrNa zarIravALA, moTI kuvalayamAlA 21

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mUchavALA, dharma, artha ane kAmathI rahita, kaMIka bALavayamAM ane kaMIka yauvanavayamAM AvelA, baMdhu mitra tathA dhanathI dUrathI tyajAyelA, pArakI yuvatIo sAme jovAnA manavALA, pote svarUpavAna ane saubhAgyavALA che evo garva dharAvanArA, UMcuM mukha ane UMcI AMkho karavAnI TevavALA hatA." jema chAtrAlayamAM dezadezanA chAtro hatA tema bajAramAM dezadezanA vepArIo ekaThA thayA hatA. vartamAna samayamAM paNa jema dareka dezanI prajAnI potAnI bhASAkIya laDhaNa hoya che ane keTalAka zabdonuM uccAraNa e emanI khAsiyata hoya che tema kavinA samayamAM prAkRtabhASAnA uccAraNamAM paNa dezadezanA lokonI judI judI khAsiyata hatI. vaLI, e dareka dezanA loko mATe lokamAnyatA kevI hatI teno paNa nirdeza kavie karyo che. ahIM kavie lokonuM jevuM lAkSaNika zabdacitra ApyuM che tevuM ApaNA prAcIna sAhityamAM kyAMya jovA maLatuM nathI. ethI aitihAsika dRSTie paNa A zabdacitra ghaNuM upayogI che. kavi lakhe che : 1. kALA, niSphara vacana bolanArA, bahu takarAra ke mArAmArI karanArA, lajjA vagaranA ane "aDaDe' evA zabdo bolanArA gaulla dezanA vepArIo joyA. nyAya, nIti, saMdhi, vigraha karavAmAM kuzaLa, bahu bolavAnA svabhAvavALA ane "tere mere Au" evA zabdo bolanArA madhyadezanA vepArIone joyA. 3. bahAra nIkaLelA moTA peTavALA, kharAba varNavALA, ThIMgaNA, kAmakrIDAnA rasika, 'aMge le' evA zabdo bolanArA magadha dezanA vepArIo joyA. 4. bhUrI mAMjarI AMkhavALA, Akho divasa phakta bhojananI ja vAto karavAvALA ane kitA kimmo evA priya zabdo bolanArA aMtarvedI gaMgAjamanAnI vacceno pradeza) dezanA vepArIone joyA. 5. UMcA ane jADA nAkavALA, suvarNa jevA varNavALA, bhAra vahana karanArA ane "sari pAri evA zabdo bolanArA kIra (eTale kAzamIra) dezanA vepArIone joyA. 6. dAkSiNya, dAna, pauruSa, vijJAna, dayA vagerethI varjita zarIravALA, "ehaM teha evA zabdo bolanArA Dhakka dezanA vepArIone joyA. 7. manohara, mRdu, maMda gativALA, saMgItapriya ane sugaMdhapriya, potAnA deza tarapha javAnA cittavALA, dekhAvaDA "caDiya meM evA zabdo bolanArA siMdha dezanA vepArIone joyA. 22 sAhityadarzana

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8. vAMkA, jaDa, jADA, bahu bhojana karanArA tathA kaThaNa puSTa ane mukta zarIravALA, "apyAM " evA zabdo bolanArA marudezanA (mAravADanA) vepArIone joyA. 9 ghI ane lavaNavALAM bhojana karanAra, puSTa aMgavALA, dharmaparAyaNa, saMdhivigrahamAM nipuNa aNau re bhallau' evA zabdo bolanArA gurjara dezanA vepArIone joyA. 10. snAna karanAra, tela coLanAra, vilepana karanAra, vALamAM seMtho pADanAra, suzobhita gAtrovALA "akhta kAu tumha' evA zabdo bolanAra lATa dezanA vepArIone joyA. 11. saheja kALA, nIcA zarIravALA, kopa karavAnA svabhAvavALA, mAnathI jIvanArA, raudra svarUpanA ane "bhAuya bhaINI takhta' evA zabdo bolanArA mAlavadezanA vepArIone joyA. 12. utkaTa, abhimAnI, priyAne moha pamADanAra, raudra svabhAvavALA, pataMgiyA jevI vRttivALA "aDi pAMDI mare" evA zabdo bolanAra karNATaka dezanA vepArIone joyA. 13. sutarAu vastra paheranAra, mAMsAhAranI rucivALA, madirApAna karavAvALA ane kAmavAsanAvALA "Isi kisi misi' evA zabdo bolanAra tAI (thAI ke tAmila ) dezanA vepArIo joyA. 14. sarva kaLAmAM nipuNa, mAnI, priyA tarapha kopa karavAvALA, kaThaNa zarIranA ane jala tala le' evA zabdo bolanArA kozaladezanA vepArIone joyA. 15. majabUta, nIcA, zyAma zarIravALA, sahana karanAra, abhimAnI ane takarAra karavAnA svabhAvavALA "diSNalle gadiyalle evA zabdo bolanAra mahArASTra dezanA vepArIone joyA. 16. mahilA ane saMgrAma vize anurAgavALA, suMdara avayavavALA, bhojanamAM raudra, 'aTi puTi raTi ema bolanArA AMdhadezanA vepArIone joyA. Ama vividha dezanA loko dekhAva ane svabhAve kevA hatA ane temanA keTalAka lAkSaNika zabdoccAro kevA hatA tenuM suMdara varNana kavie ahIM karyuM che. kavinI sUkSma nirIkSaNazakti ane bahuzrutatAnI Ama A graMthamAM ghaNe sthaLe pratIti thAya che. caMpUsvarUpanI A kRtimAM alaMkArasamRddhi apAra hoya e svAbhAvika che. saMskRta ane prAkRta bhASAmAM e prakAranI lakhAyelI kRtiomAM A kRtine avazya agrasthAna sAMpaDe che. alaMkArasamRddhinI dRSTie A kRti bANabhaTTanI "kAdaMbarI'nI kuvalayamAlA 23

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sarasAI ka2vAne paNa zaktimAna jaNAze. upamA, rUpaka ane utprekSA jevA alaMkAro to emAM padepade che ema kahevAmAM atyukti nahi thAya. alaMkArazAstrane anekavidha alaMkAronAM uttama udAharaNa pUrAM pADI zake evo A graMtha che. namUnArUpa thoDA juo : lakSmI mATe judA judA prakAranI nAyikAonI upamAo 130mI kaMDikAmAM ApavAmAM AvI che, jema ke : AliMgiya pi muMcai lacchI purisaM ti sAhasa - vihUNaM / gotta-vakhalaNa-vilakkhA piyavva daiyA Na saMdeho // vyatireka alaMkAranuM udAharaNa 11mI kaMDikAmAM juo : hUM, bujjhai, vaTTai khalu khalo jji jaisau, indriya-siLedu pazu-matto haiM / tava khalo vi varAo pIlijjato vimukka hu ayAto ya pasUrhi khajjai // ane parisaMkhyAnuM udAharaNa kaMDikA 17mImAM juo : jattha ya jaNavaye Na dIsai khalo vihalo va / dIsai sajjaNo samiddho va / vasaNaM NANAviNNANe va, ucchAho dhaNe raNe va, pII dANe mANe va, abbhAso dhamme dhamme vatti / jattha ya do-muhau Navara muiMgo vi / khalo tila vicAro vi / zloSAlaMkAranI racanA to kavie ghaNe sthaLe karI che. udAharaNa tarIke 15mI kaMDikA juo : aNNA NaMda-bhUmio iva sasurAo saMNihiya-mahumAsAoM tti / Ama, alaMkAronAM udAharaNo to A graMthamAM sthaLasthaLe jovA maLe che ane emAM kavie dAkhavelI apratima zaktine kAraNe ja A kathAgraMtha uttama kAvyakoTimAM birAje che. saMvAda e paNa A kathAgraMthanuM eka AgavuM lakSaNa che. kathAnA nirUpaNamAM lekhake vakhatovakhata nATyatattva ApyuM che ane temAMye saMvAdo dvArA kathAne rasika ane vAstavika banAvI che. lekhakanA saMvAda sacoTa, mArmika, dhAradAra ane kyAreka hAsyarasika banyA che. kumA2 konA jevo che te vize yuvatIonI vAtacIta, chAtronI vAtacIta, darpaphaliha ane kuvalayakumAra vaccenI vAta, dharmavAdIo sAthe dRDhavamAM rAjAno vArtAlApa, mahendrakumAra ane kuvalayakumA2 vacceno saMvAda, pizAcono vArtAvinoda vageremAM lekhakanI asAdhAraNa saMvAdakalA nihALI zakAya che. kumA2 kuvalayacaMdranAM guNalakSaNonuM jude jude prasaMge judI judI rIte varNana kavie karyuM che temAMthI yuvatIonA vArtAlApa dvArA karAyeluM vyatirekanA prakAranuM 24 * sAhityadarzana

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varNana paNa rocaka che. juo : eka yuvatIe kahyuM, "sakhI rUpathI to kumAra kAmadeva jevo dekhAya che." bIjI yuvatIe kahyuM. "bhoLI, ema na bola. jo te kAmadeva hoya to yuvatIonA samudAya upara prahAra kare. A to zatruonA moTA hAthIonA dAMta toDe evo che." vaLI, eka yuvatIe kahyuM, 'sakhI, jo jo vakSasthaLa jovAthI to te nArAyaNa jaNAya che.' bIjI yuvatIe kahyuM, jo te zyAma kAjaLanI jevI krAMtivALo hoya to pragaTa nArAyaNa jevo hoya; paraMtu kumAra to tapAvelA suvarNanI krAMtivALo che." vaLI, eka yuvatIe kahyuM, "sakhI, krAMtithI to te pUrNimAnA caMdra jevo jaNAya che." bIjI yuvatIe kahyuM, "hA caMdranI krAMti ghaTI zake, paraMtu jo caMdranI aMdarathI mRganuM zyAma kalaMka nIkaLI jAya to. A to kalaMkarahita sakala saMpUrNa kaLavALo che.' vaLI, koI eka yuvatIe kahyuM, "zaktimAM to te indra jevo jaNAya che." bIjI yuvatIe kahyuM, "jo te indra hoya to tene hajAra AMkha hovI joIe; paraMtu A to kaThora, kasAyela, puSTa, daDha ane manohara zarIravALo che." vaLI, e yuvatIe kahyuM, "zarIre to te mahAdeva jevo dekhAya che.' bIjI yuvatIe kahyuM, "jo mahAdeva jevo hoya to enuM DAbuM aDadhuM aMga strInuM ane nIcuM hovuM joIe. paraMtu A to samagra rIte pUrNa ane caturasa saMsthAnavALo che." vaLI, eka yuvatIe kahyuM, "tejamAM to te surya jevo che.' bIjI yuvatIe kahyuM, "jo te kharekhara sUrya jevo hoya to te pracaMDa ane bhuvanatalane tapAvanAra hoya. A to lokonAM mana ane nayanane zItaLatA ApanAra amRtamaya che.' vaLI eka yuvatIe kahyuM, "mugdhapaNAmAM te kArtikasvAmI jaNAya che." bIjI yuvatIe kahyuM, "jo te kharekhara kArtikasvAmI hoya to ghaNA TukaDAthI sAMdhelA zarIravALo jaNAya paraMtu rUpamAM paNa caDiyAtA rUpavALo A to ghaNo ja zobhI rahelo che." kharekhara, jeNe ghaNo abhyAsa karyo haze evA devatAonI mugdha devIoe kALajIpUrvaka thoDo thoDo karIne A kumArane ghaDyo haze." 'kuvalayamAlA'nA kartAno uddeza cammasvarUpanI racanA karavAno hoI e svarUpa kuvalayamAlA 25

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mATe svAbhAvika evI pAMDityabharI bhASA ane zailInAM darzana A graMthamAM karI zakAya che. saMskRta ane prAkRta ubhaya bhASA uparanuM lekhakanuM asAdhAraNa prabhutva che evI pratIti A graMtha vAMcatA saheje thaze. temanI caMpUkavinI zailI vigatomAM rAcatI hoI dIrgha samAsapracUra vAkyomAM sarI paDe e svAbhAvika che. vaLI, prasaMge prasaMge rUDha zabdane navIna arthamAM prayojatI ane navIna zabda rUDha arthamAM prayojatI kavinI bhASAzailI kavitvane sAdhavAnuM lakSya paNa rAkhatI hoya che, kyAreka saraLa bhASAmAM paNa te vahe che ane kyAreka AtmakathanAtmaka, kyAreka nATyAtmaka, kyAreka subhASitAtmaka, kyAreka upadezAtmaka, kyAreka prAsAdika, kyAreka ojasavaMtI evAM vividha svarUpa te dhAraNa kare che. gadyanI jema padya upara paNa zrI udyotanasUrinuM prabhutva jovA maLe che. temanI padyapaMktio pANInA relAnI jema vahetI hoya che. gAthA upara A kavinuM jevuM prabhutva che tevuM prAkRtamAM bahu ochA kavionuM jovA maLaze. Ama, "kuvalayamAlA" e mAtra prAkRta bhASAnuM ja aneruM AbhUSaNa nathI, jagatanA tamAma sAhityamAM gauravabharyuM sthAna pAmI zake evuM aNamola ratna che. ra6 mata sAhityadarzana

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yunivarsiTImAM ema. e.nI parIkSAmAM prathama sthAne AvavA mATe maLelA baLavaMtarAya kalyANarAya ThAkora suvarNacaMdraka sAthe - yunivarsiTInA padavIdAna samAraMbha vakhate. preraka hIMcako ane lekhana

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1949mAM jUnAgaDhamAM bharAyelI - gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA keTalAka sAhityakAro sAthe. senTa jheviyarsa kaoNlejamAM pro. gaurIprasAda jhAlA, divAna bahAdura kRSNalAla jhaverI ane pro. ramaNabhAI zAha, madhusudana kApaDiyAne vaktRtva spardhA mATe TrophI arpaNa karatA.

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1979mAM brAjhilamAM riyo-DI-jAneromAM bharAyelI AMtararASTrIya pI. I. ena. konpharansamAM bhAratanA pratinidhi tarIke DaoN. viliyama kiMganA pramukhapade pravacana ApatA DaoN. ramaNabhAI zAha yu. ke.mAM sAhityakAro ane patrakAro DAhyAbhAI paTela, paMkaja vorA, caMdrakAntabhAI vagerenI hAjarImAM mahAtmA gAMdhI para vaktavya ApatA ramaNabhAI.

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muMbaI yunivarsiTImAM. ema. e.nA vidyArthIone zIkhavatA Do. ramaNabhAI zAha muMbaI yunivarsiTInA ema. e.nA adhyApako ane - vidyArthIo sAthe pikanIka para.

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hindusuptAha ! 'hAsya saptAha'mAM bhAga levA mATe phaLonI hAra paherAvI ramaNabhAInuM sanmAna karatA zrI jyotIndra dave. TOS * zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMgha sva.maMgalajI jhaveracaMda mahetA prerita vidhArA 2015 muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMgha Ayojita vidhAsanamAM, DaoN. ramaNabhAI zAhanA adhyakSasthAne vaktavya ApatA zrI caMdravadana mahetA.

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zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka sa vidyAzatra sva.maMgaLajI jhaveracaMda mahetA prerita saMgha Ayojita vidyAsatramAM vaktA zrI manubhAI paMcolI 'darzaka'ne adhyakSasthAnethI AvakAratA DaoN. ramaNabhAI zAha zrImuMbai jaina yuvaka saMgha sva.maMgalajI jhaveracaMda mahetA prerita vidyAsatra 'vidyAsatra'mAM vaktavya ApatA pro. sureza joSI, adhyakSasthAne DaoN. ramaNabhAI zAha. IP fe invite isonep

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DaoN. ramaNabhAInA nivAsasthAne kavizrI umAzaMkara joSI ane kavi zrI umedabhAI maNiyAra ramaNabhAInA nivAsasthAne kavizrI rAjendrabhAI zAha, tArAbena, ramaNabhAI ane amitAbha.

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kumAra'nA taMtrI zrI bacubhAI rAvata, ramaNabhAI, tArAbena, tArAbenanA pitAzrI dIpacaMdabhAI ci. zailajA ane ci. amitAbha. phAdhara vAlesa sAthe ramaNabhAI, tArAbahena ane cigArgI

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hemacandrAcAryaH emanuM jIvana ane kavana gujarAtanA itihAsamAM sukha, samRddhi ane saMskAritAnI dRSTie mahAna kahI zakAya evo yuga te solaMkI yuga. A yugamAM mULarAja bhIma, karNa, siddharAja, kumArapALa ema eka pachI eka parAkramI, prajAvatsala ane dUraMdezI rAjAo rAjya karI gayA ane gujarAtanI kIrtine enI Toce pahoMcADI. lagabhaga traNaso varSano A jamAno gujarAtanA itihAsamAM suvarNayuga tarIke oLakhAvA lAgyo. A suvarNayugane enI parAkASThAe pahoMcADanAra siddharAja ane kumArapALa hatA. ane e baMne rAjavIone mahAna banAvanAra kalikAlasarvajJa, yugapravartaka hemacandrAcArya hatA. je sthAna vikramAdityanA rAjyamAM kavi kAlidAsanuM hatuM, je sthAna harSanA rAjyamAM bANabhaTTanuM hatuM, te sthAna siddharAja ane kumArapALanA vakhatamAM hemacandrAcAryanuM hatuM. itihAsamAMthI hemacandrAcAryane jo ApaNe khaseDI laIe to e samayanuM apUrNa ane aMdhakAramaya citra ApaNI sAme khaDuM thavAnuM. hemacandrAcArya na hota to tatkAlIna prajA ane e prajAnAM bhASA ane sAhitya ATalAM samRddha na hota. hemacandrAcAryanA jIvana viSe saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza graMthomAMthI puSkaLa mAhitI maLe che. pradyumnasUrinA prabhAvakacaritra', merUtuMgAcAryanA prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi', rAjazekharanA prabaMdhakoza' ane jinamaMDana upAdhyAyanA kumArapALacaritra' nAmanA graMthomAMthI hemacandrAcArya viSe puSkaLa mAhitI maLI AvI che. jema narasiMha ane mIrAM, tukArAma ane jJAnezvara, kabIra ane caitanya jevA saMtonA jIvana viSe tema ja kAlidAsa ane bhavabhUti jevA kavio ke vikrama ane bhoja jevA rAjavIo vize aneka daMtakathAo pracalita che, tema hemacandrAcArya vize paNa ghaNI daMtakathAo hemacandrAcArya: emanuM jIvana ane kavana 27

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pracalita che. hemacandrAcArye potAnA yoganA prabhAva vaDe amAsanI pUnama karI nAkhI hatI, mahammada gajhanIne vimAnamAM potAnI pAse ANyo hato ke tADapatrI khUTatAM navAM jhADa ugADyAM hatAM - evI evI daMtakathAo hemacandrAcArya vize pracalita hemacandrAcAryano janma saMvata 1145mAM kArataka sudi pUnamane divase dhaMdhUkAmAM thayo hato. emanA pitAnuM nAma cAca ane mAtAnuM nAma cAhiNI (athavA pAhiNI) hatuM. hemacandrAcAryanuM bALapaNanuM nAma caMga hatuM. ema kahevAya che ke eka vakhata dhaMdhUkAmAM devacandrasUri padhArelA te samaye cAhiNI emane vaMdana karavA jAya che ane pote svapnamAM eka ratnaciMtAmaNi joyo hato tenI vAta kare che. jyotiSanA jANakAra devacandrasUri cAhiNInA caherAnI rekhAo pArakhI kahe che ke : tuM eka ratnaciMtAmaNi jevA putrane janma ApIza. tyAra pachI devacandrasUri vihAra karatA cAlyA gayA. pharI keTalAMka varSe jyAre devacaMdrasUri pAchA dhaMdhukAmAM AvyA tyAre cAhiNI emane vaMdana karavA gaI. sAthe pAMceka varSano jaMga hato. cAhiNI jyAre vaMdana karatI hatI tyAre caMga mahArAjAnI pATe caDhI emanI pAse besI gayo hato. te samaye devacandrasUrie cAhiNIne pelA ratnaciMtAmaNinI yAda ApI, ane putra potAne soMpavA kahyuM. cAhiNIno pati te samaye bahAragAma vepArArthe gayo hato, eTale ene pUchyA vinA putra kevI rIte ApI zakAya ? devacandrasUrie cAhiNIne khUba samajAvI ane kahyuM ke pati bahAragAma che e kadAca IzvarI saMketa haze. aMte cAhiNIe potAno putra dIkSArthe devacandrasUrine soMpI dIdho, ane devacandrasUri vihAra karatA khaMbhAta pahoMcyA. daramiyAna cAca bahAragAmathI pAcho Avyo. putrane na jotAM turata gusse thaI, khAdhApIdhA vinA pagapALo khaMbhAta AvI pahoMcyo ane melAghelA veze udayana maMtrI pAse jaI eNe phariyAda karI. udayanamaMtrIe devacandrasUri pAsethI eno putra maMgAvI ene pAcho soMpyo, ane pachI samajAvyuM ke "A putra tamArI pAse rAkhazo to bahu bahu to e dhaMdhUkAno nagarazeTha banaze; ane devacandrasUrine soMpazo to eka mahAna AcArya thaze ane AkhI duniyAmAM nAma kADhaze." ghaNuM samajAvyA pachI cAce potAno putra devacaMdrasUrine pAcho soMpyo. tyAra pachI navame varSe caMgane dIkSA ApavAmAM AvI ane enuM nAma pADavAmAM AvyuM somacandra, nAnA somacandra tyAra pachI saMskRta, pAkRta ane apabhraMza bhASAno abhyAsa karyo. sAthe sAthe vyAkaraNa, kAvyAlaMkAra, yoga, nyAya, itihAsa, purANa, tattvajJAna vagere bhinna bhinna zAkhAono paNa UMDo abhyAsa karyo. vidyAmAM pAraMgata banatAM A saMyamI, alpabhASI, tejasvI yuvAna sAdhune vadhu abhyAsArthe kAramIra 28 sAhityadarzana

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javAnI icchA thaI. gurue ene samajAvyuM ke tAruM sthAna gujarAtamAM che, gujarAta bahAra javAnAM svapnAM sevavAnI jarUra nathI. uttarottara gurune paNa pratIti thatI jAya che ke somacandranI dRSTino ghaNo vikAsa thayo che, enI prajJA pariNata banavA lAgI che, enI tejasvitA vadhatI ja cAlI che. eTale emaNe potAnI pATe AcArya pade somacandrane sthApavAno nizcaya karyo. ane vi. saM. 116 6mAM somacandrane ekavIsame varSe devacandrasUrie khaMbhAtamAM vidhipUrvaka AcAryapade sthApyA ane emanuM nAma pADavAmAM AvyuM hemacandra. e samaye hemacandrAcAryanI mAtA, jeNe paNa pAchaLathI dIkSA lIdhelI che te hAjara hoya che. mAtAputra baMne A rIte sAdhujIvanamAM ekabIjAne nihALI prasannatA anubhave che. hemacandrAcArya potAnI mAtAne e vakhate pravartinInuM pada apAve che. ahIMthI have hemacandrAcAryano kIrtikALa zarU thAya che. pATaNamAM te samaye siddharAjanalokomAM jANItA sadharA jesaMga)nuM rAjya cAlatuM hatuM. e samaye hemacandrAcArya devasUri sAthe pATaNamAM Ave che ane banArasathI Avela kumudacandra sAthe dharmacarcAmAM bhAga le che. tyArathI siddharAjane hemacandrAcAryanI pratibhAno paricaya thAya che. te samaye siddharAjanI viddhadUsabhAmAM rAjakavi tarIke zrIpAlane sthAna hatuM, ane rAjapaMDita tarIke devabodhane sthAna hatuM, e baMnene ekabIjA pratye tejodveSa hato ane ekaMdare rAjAne e baMnethI asaMtoSa hato. eTale siddharAje potAnI viddhasabhAmAM e baMnene badale hemacandrAcAryane sthAna ApyuM. tyAra pachI siddharAje mAlavA para caDhAI karI. emAM emane phatteha maLI. mAlavAnI aDhaLaka samRddhi gujarAtamAM lAvavA sAthe enA mANaso mAlavAthI gADAMnAM gADAM bharI hastaprato paNa lAvyA. emAM siddharAje bhojavyAkaraNanI prata joI paMDitone pUchyuM to gujarAtamAM kyAMka bhoja vyAkaraNa.' kyAMka kyAMka kA taMtranuM vyAkaraNa cAlatuM hatuM. gujarAta pAse potAnuM kahI zakAya evuM vyAkaraNa racavAne mAtra hemacandrAcArya samartha che ema paMDitoe jaNAvyuM ane siddharAje hemacandrAcAryane evuM vyAkaraNa racavAnI vinaMtI karI. e mATe kAzamIrathI ane hiMdanA bIjA bhAgomAMthI bhinna bhinna vyAkaraNonI prato siddharAje maMgAvI ApI. eno satata ane UMDo abhyAsa karI hemacandrAcArye eka uttama vyAkaraNanI racanA karI. siddharAjanI vinaMtIthI e lakhAyuM mATe emanI yAdagIrI rahe eTalA mATe hemacandrAcArye vyAkaraNanuM nAma ApyuM "siddhahema." A vyAkaraNanI paMDitoe mukta kiMThe prazaMsA karI siddharAje enI pahelI hastaprata hAthI para aMbADImAM mUkI nagaramAM pheravI ane eno DhaMDhero piTAvyo. tyAra pachI vidvatsabhAmAM enuM vidhisaranuM paThana hemacandrAcArya: emanuM jIvana ane kavana - 29

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thayuM. e vyAkaraNanI hastaprato taiyAra karavA mATe gujarAtamAMthI 300 jeTalA lahiyAone bolAvavAmAM AvyA. hastaprato taiyAra thatAM hiMdustAnamAM Thera Thera mokalavAmAM AvI. enI eka suMdara hastaprata rAjabhaMDAramAM paNa mUkavAmAM AvI ane tyArathI gujarAtamAM "siddhahema' zIkhavavAnuM zarU thayuM. kAkala nAmanA eka vidvAna paMDitanI pATaNamAM vyAkaraNa zIkhavavA mATe nimaNUka karavAmAM AvI. Ama, siddharAje hemacandrAcAryanA vyAkaraNanuM bahumAna karyuM. - siddharAja hemacandrAcAryanI pratibhAthI eTalA badhA prabhAvita thayA che tyArathI hemacandrAcArye siddharAjanA mitra ane mArgadarzakanuM sthAna lIdhuM. ene pariNAme, siddharAjano jaina dharma pratyeno anurAga vadhyo; ene pariNAme, hemacandrAcArye siddharAjanA jIvana ane solaMkI yuga vize saMskRtamAM 'dvayAzraya mahAkAvya lakhyuM, ene pariNAme, siddharAja hemacandrAcArya sAthe jaina derAsaramAM darzana karavA jatA ane hemacandrAcArya siddharAja sAthe somanAthanI yAtrAe gayA. dhArmika saMkucitatA ane asahiSNutAnA e jamAnAmAM hemacandrAcArya dharmanA sAMpradAyika svarUpathI para hatA, ane mATe ja somanAthanA zivaliMgane brahmA vA viMA matharo vA namaratasmA kahIne praNAma karI stuti karavA lAgyA hatA. siddharAjane sarvadharmasamanvayanuM mAhAtma samajAvanAra paNa hemacandrAcArya ja hatA. koI paNa dharma mAtra pote ja sAco che evuM mithyAbhimAna dharAvI na zake. dareka dharmamAM kaMIka avanavuM rahasya samAyeluM che; ane mATe ja saMjIvanI nyAya pramANe badhA dharmano samabhAvapUrvaka abhyAsa karanAra ja sAco dharma pAmI zake che ema hemacandrAcArya mAnatA hatA ane e pramANe mAnatA siddharAjane karyA hatA. siddharAjane saMtAna na hovAthI emanI gAdIe Ave che emanA bhatrIjA kumArapALa; ane ahIMthI hemacandrAcAryanA jIvanano trIjo tabakko zarU thAya che. jyotiSanA jANakAra hemacandrAcAryane agAuthI khabara paDI gaI hatI ke nahi te vAta bAju para rAkhIe, paNa eTaluM to jarUra kahI zakAya ke hemacandrAcArye sAdhubAvAne veze bhaTakatA kumArapALane, siddharAjanA mANaso emanuM khUna karavA pharatA hatA tyAre mAtra mAnavatAthI prerAIne upAzrayamAM tADapatrI nIce saMtADI dIdhA hatA. A upakAra kumArapALa bhUlyA na hatA. rAjyArohaNa pachI kumArapALanAM zarUAtanAM paMdareka varSa rAjya sthira karavAmAM ane vistAravAmAM gayAM hemacandrAcAryanI IcchA mujaba rAjyamAM pazuvadha, jugAra, zikAra, mAMsabhakSaNa, dArU vagere para kumArapALe pratibaMdha pharamAvyo. rAjyanI kuladevI kaTezvarIne apAtuM balidAna baMdha karAvyuM. putrarahita vidhavAnuM dhana japta thatuM baMdha karAvyuM. jene dharma pratyenA anurAgane lIdhe jI ka sAhityadarzana

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TheraThera jaina maMdiro baMdhAvyAM ane paramArhutanuM biruda loko taraphathI meLavyuM. siddharAjanI jema kumArapALane paNa putra na hovAthI jiMdagInAM chellAM varSomAM emanI nirAzA vadhI gaI hatI. te samaye emanA mananuM samAdhAna karAvavA mATe hemacandrAcArye yogazAstranI racanA karI. hemacandrAcAryanuM AkhuM jIvana satata udyogaparAyaNa hatuM. ekaMdare dIrghAyuSya emane sAMpaDyuM hatuM. potAnI AyuSyamaryAdA pUrI thavA AvelI jANI temaNe anazanavrata zarU karyuM. ziSyone paNa agAuthI sUcanA ApI dIdhI hatI. ema karatAM saM. 1229mAM 84 varSanI vaye teo kALadharma pAmyA. sAhityanA kSetramAM paNa hemacandrAcAryanuM arpaNa jevuMtevuM nathI. mAtra hiMdustAnanI anya bhASAonA sAhityamAM ja nahi, vizvasAhityamAM jene mUkI zakAya evI sarvatomukhI pratibhAvALA hemacandrAcArya hatA. emanI kIrti dezavidezanA prAcIna bhASAsAhityanA abhyAsIomAM prasarelI che. Azcarya thaze ke arvAcIna samayamAM emanA jIvana ane sAhitya upara sau prathama suMdara samIkSA karanAra eka jarmana paMDita DaoN. bulhera che. zrI kanaiyAlAla munazIe hemacandrAcAryane yogya rIte ja gujarAtanA mahAna jyotirdhara tarIke oLakhAvyA che. hemacandrAcAryanI sAhityasevAno suMdara, sacoTa ane saMkSipta paricaya somaprabhasUrie eka zlokamAM Apyo che H klRptaM vyAkaraNaM navaM viracitaM chando navaM dvayAzrayASlaMkArI prathitau navau prakaTitI zrI yogazAstraM navam / tarka: saMjanito navoM jinavarAdInAM caritraM navaM baddhaM yena na kena vidhinA mAhaH kRto dUrataH // arthAt "navuM vyAkaraNa, navuM chaMdazAstra, yAzraya mahAkAvya, navuM alaMkArazAstra, navuM yogazAstra, navuM tarkazAstra ane jinavaronAM navAM caritra - A saghaLuM jemaNe racyuM te hemacandrAcArye lokono moha kaI kaI rIte dUra nathI karyo ??' emaNe siddhahema zabdAnuzAsana nAmanA vyAkaraNanI racanA karI. e vyAkaraNanI e samayathI te atyAra sudhI prAkRta ane apabhraMza bhASAnA eka AdhArabhUta vyAkaraNa tarIke gaNanA thAya che. prAkRta ane apabhraMza bhASAnA baMdhAraNa viSe ApaNane hemacandrAcAryanA vyAkaraNa jevuM AdhArabhUta vyAkaraNa bIjuM eke maLatuM nathI; eTale bhaviSyamAM paNa varSo sudhI emanuM A vyAkaraNa ja AdhAragraMtha tarIke raheze. hemacandrAcArye A vyAkaraNamAM vizeSataH apabhraMza bhASAnA vyAkaraNanA niyamomAM - udAharaNa tarIke vyavahAra, prema, zaurya ane zRMgAranA je duhAo ApyA che te vyAkaraNanA udAharaNa tarIke jANItA che tenA karatAM uttama kavitA tarIke vadhu jANItA thayA che. e duhAo e jamAnAno ApaNane khyAla Ape che ane hemacandrAcArya : emanuM jIvana ane kavana * 31

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sAthe sAthe sAdhu hemacandrAcArya sAMsArika bAbatone paNa alipta rahI keTalI jhINavaTathI nihALatA haze teno paNa khyAla Ape che. A uparAMta, emaNe anekArthasaMgraha, abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi ane dezInAmamAlA jevA zabdasaMgraho taiyAra karyA. e jamAnAmAM emaNe eka nahi, paNa bhinna bhinna dRSTibiMduthI traNa traNa zabdakoSa taiyAra karyA. siddhahema-zabdAnuzAsana pachI emaNe liMgAnuzAsana, chaMdAnuzAsana ane kAvyAnuzAsana ema traNa bIjAM zAsanonI racanA karI. vyAkaraNanA niyamanA udAharaNa tarIke paNa rajU thaI zake evA zlokanI racanA vaDe emaNe saMskRta ane prAkRtamAM kyAzraya' nAmanuM mahAkAvya lakhyuM. yogazAstra', mahAvIracaritra ane purANonI tole mUkI zakAya evA "triSThIzalAkApuraSacaritra' jevA mahAna graMtho lakhyA. eTale sAhityanA kSetre paNa bhinnabhinna zAkhAomAM emaNe potAno viziSTa mUlyavAna phALo noMdhAvyo. hemacandrAcArya mahAna vidvAna hatA, mahAna koSakAra hatA, mahAna kavi hatA ane mahAna vaiyAkaraNI paNa hatA. emanI ajoDa pratibhA vyAkaraNa jevA zuSka gaNAtA viSayamAM ane kavitA jevA rasika gaNAtA viSayamAM ekasarakhI AsAnIthI viharatI. jJAnanI upAsanAmAM emaNe potAnI jiMdagInAM lagabhaga 64 jeTalAM varSa ApyAM. emaNe potAnA samayamAM sAhityano eka viziSTa yuga pravartAvyo. lokoe emane "kalikAlasarvajJa'nuM biruda ApyuM. hemacandrAcArya eka jainAcArya ane prakhara sAhityakAra tarIke to mahAna hatA, paNa mAnava tarIke paNa teo mahAna hatA. teo atyaMta tejasvI ane vinamra hatA. hRdayanI vizALatA ane udAratA vaDe emaNe devabodha ke zrIpAla jevA virodhI ke pratispardhIne jItI lIdhA hatA. teo sAdhu hatA, temanuM samagra jIvana sAdhutAthI sabhara hatuM. saMsAranA raMgathI raMgAyA vinA teo sAMsArika pravRttione potAnA sAdhutvanA raMgathI raMgI detA. teo hamezAM saMpradAyathI para ja rahyA hatA. potAnA jIvana daramiyAna eka nahi paNa be rAjAone potAnA vyaktitvathI prabhAvita karyA hatA ane dakSatA, kAryakuzAlatA ane samabhAva vaDe potAnI icchA mujaba temanI pAse mahAna kAryo karAvI zakyA hatA. lAkhonI saMkhyAmAM emanA anuyAyIo hatA ane chatAM judo paMtha pravartAvavAnI emaNe kadI mahattvAkAMkSA sevI nahotI. emanA ziSyo to emanA guNagAna gAtAM thAkatA ja nahi. keTalAka to vidyAnidhimaMthAri: revandra guruH ! jevI paMktio uccArI varSonAM varSo sudhI prAta:kALamAM emanuM smaraNa karatA. hemacandrAcArya mAtra gujarAtanuM ke bhAratanuM nahi, jagatanuM anupama gaurava che. 3ra - sAhityadarzana

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3 jaina sAhitya (I. sa. 1450-1600) I. sa.nA bAramA zatakamAM zarU thayelA prAcIna gujarAtI jainasAhityano pravAha I.sa.nA 1450thI 1600 sudhInA doDhaso varSanA gALAmAM vadhAre puSTa ane vegavALo bane che. A gALAmAM nAnAmoTA baso karatAM vadhu jainasAdhu ane zrAvaka kavioe potAnuM kAvyapUra vahevaDAvyuM che. rAsa, phAgu ane bAramAsInA prakAromAMthI rAsano kAvyaprakAra A gALAmAM sauthI vadhu kheDAyelo che. jUnI ghATI pramANe so karatAMye ochI kaDInI, ghaNuMkharuM eka ja racanAbaMdhamAM lakhAyelI, thoDIka rAsakRtio paNa ApaNane A gALAmAM maLe che, to ThIkaThIka vistAravALI, bhASA, ThaNi, adhikAra, kaDavaka ke prastAvamAM vibhakta thayelI sudIrgha rAsakRtio, lagabhaga traNa hajAra karatAMye vadhu kaDImAM lakhAyelI, paNa ApaNane sAMpaDe che. kavio kyAreka kathAvastuvihIna, mAtra upadezAtmaka rAsakRtionI paNa racanA kare che, paNa ekaMdare to surasika ane savistara kathAnako tarapha have rAsakAronI najara pahoMcI che. prasaMgone teo bahalAve che. varNano, alaMkAro, subhASitono upayoga vadhyo che ane kathAvastu 52 nirbhara evuM upadezanuM gAna to emanI racanAnA mULamAM ja raheluM che. A doDhaso varSanA gALAmAM ApaNane baso karatAMye vadhu rAsakRtio jovA ma che ane naSTa thayelI kRtionI vAta bAju 52 2AkhIe topaNa, bhaMDAromAM ke vyaktio pAse sacavAI rahelI ane nahi noMdhAyelI evI kRtio paNa haju ghaNI haze. je noMdhAyelI kRtio che temAMthI prakAzita thayelI kRtio to jUja che. ghaNI badhI kRtio to haju aprakAzita ja che, ane e badhI prakAzita thatAM (je thatAM alabatta haju saheje eka saikA karatAM paNa vadhu samaya jaze) e kRtionA savigata abhyAsa sAthe A jaina sAhitya 33

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samayanA sAhityano ItihAsa navesarathI lakhAvo jarUrI banaze. - A gALAmAM rAsanuM kada jema vistAra pAmyuM tema enA kathAvastunuM phalaka paNa ThIkaThIka vistAra pAmyuM. temAM mAtra custa dhArmika viSayonI maryAdA na rahetAM, caritra uparAMta itihAsa ane lokakathAnA kSetra sudhI te vistAra pAme che. emAMnAM keTalAMka kathAnako jaina dharmagraMthomAMthI levAyAM che, to keTalAMka lokakathAmAMthI levAmAM che ane tene jaina svarUpa apAyuM che. alabatta, A badhAM kathAnakonI pasaMdagI pAchaLa kavinuM dhyeya to dhamapadeza ApavAnuM ja rahyuM che. A gALAmAM lakhAyelI rAsakRtiomAM A rIte madanarekhA, trivikrama, zAlibhadra, vidyAvilAsa, dharmadatta, dazarNabhadra, RSabhadeva, bharata-bAhubali, matsyodarakumAra, jAvaDa-bhAvaDa, rohiNIA cora, ArdrakumAra, caMdanabALA, sthUlibhadra, thAvasyAkumAra, jaMbusvAmI, sudarzana zeTha, racUDa, naladavadaMtI, dhanA zeTha, maMgalakalaza, kumArapAla, malayasuMdarI, mRgAMkalekhA, mRgAvatI, mRgAputra, gautamasvAmI, vimalamaMtrI, yazobhadra, devarAjavaccharAja, sanatakumAra sAgaradana, kuladhvajakumAra, suMdararAjA, lalitAMgakumAra, gajasukamAla, gajasiMhakumAra, rAjA vikrama, zrIpALa rAjA, IlAtIputra, RSidattA, ratnasArakumAra, yazodhara, kalAvatI, kamalAvatI, caMpakamAlA, agaDadatta, zIlavatI, sumati-nAgila, teTalIputra, bApA khumANa, aMbaDa, meghakumAra, harizcandra, kSullakakumAra, subAhu, rAjasiMha, zivadara, mAdhavAnala, goro bAdala, mArUDholA, tejasAra, zAMbapradyumna, mahAbaLa, zAMtinAtha, kanaka zeTha, rUpacaMdakuMvara, prabhAvatI, surasuMdarI, ratnakumAra ityAdinAM kathAnako levAyAM che. - rAsanI apekSAe phAgu, bAramAsI, vivAhalo ItyAdi prakAranI kRtio A gALAmAM eTalI moTI saMkhyAmAM nathI lakhAI. bIjI bAju stavana, sajhAya, pUjA, chaMda ityAdi prakAranI kRtionI racanA A gALAmAM savizeSa thavA lAgI hatI. stavana e geya prakAranI pAMcasAta kaDInI laghu racanA che. stavana zabda sUcave che te pramANe e stutinA prakAranI kRti che. jena kavio bahudhA potAnA tIrthaMkaranI stuti A geya racanAmAM kare che. tIrthakaranA guNonI prazaMsA karatAM karatAM keTalIka vAra kavi potAnA AtmAnA uddhAra mATe prabhune prArthe che ane ema karatAM keTalIka vAra potAnA mananA bhAvo vyakta kare che. AthI stavana e UrmikAvyano prakAra bane che. paraMtu badhAM ja stavano zuddha UrmikAvyanI koTimAM besI zake evAM nathI. keTalIka vAra kavi covIsa tIrthaMkaro uparAMta vIsa viharamAna jinezvaro athavA keTalAMka suprasiddha tIrtho ane mahAna parvone uddezIne paNa stavanonI racanA kare che. stavana e derAsaromAM caityavaMdana karatI vakhate athavA koI dhArmika kriyA karatI vakhate ja sAhityadarzana

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gAvAnI racanA che. uttarakAlIna keTalAka kavioe pratyeka tIrthakara mATe eka stavana ema covIsa tIrthakara mATe covIsa stavananA gucchanI racanA karI che. e prakArano stavanaguccha covIsI'nA nAmathI oLakhAya che. sattaramA-aDhAramA saikAmAM chUTaka stavano uparAMta covIsInI racanA puSkaLa thayelI che ane yazovijayajI jevA kavie to eka nahi paNa evI traNa covIsInI racanA karI che. e samayamAM to stavananA prakAranI kRtiomAM tattvavicAraNAne paNa keTalAka kavioe gUMthI lIdhI che. ane keTalIkavAra stavana eka laghu racanA na rahetAM 350 jeTalI kaDInI sudIrgha racanA paNa banI che. stavana uparAMta "sakjhAya" athavA "sajhAya' (svAdhyAya parathI)nA prakAranI racanAo paNa A samayamAM ThIkaThIka lakhAI che. jaina maMdiromAM stuti mATe jema stavananA prakAranI racanAo thaI tema jaina upAzrayamAM pratikramaNa ke anya dhArmika vidhi mATe, to kyAreka kevaLa svAdhyAya mATe, A prakAranI geya racanAo lakhAvA lAgI. emAM evA viSayo pasaMda karavAmAM AvatA ke jethI pApanI AlocanA thAya, kaSAyono kSaya thAya, jIvana zuddha bane ane karmakSaya thatAM AtmA unnata dazA prApta kare. AthI sajhAyono hetu ke upadeza AtmaciMtanano raheto. aDhAra pApasthAna, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, navatattva, bAra vrata, aSTakarma, agiyAra bola, ItyAdi ghaNA viSayo para sajhAyo lakhAyelI che. kyAreka koI prasaMga ke kathAnaka parathI ke AtmaciMtananA hetuthI lakhAyelI sajhAyomAM tevA prasaMga ke kathAnakanuM saMkSepamAM nirUpaNa thayeluM hoya che. pAMca pAMDavanI sajhAya', soLa satInI sajhAya' ityAdi sakjhAyomAM e pramANe nirUpaNa jovA maLaze. jaina maMdiromAM savArasAMja stuti karavAne arthe stavano lakhAyAM. ghare ke upAzrayamAM savArasAMja pratikramaNa arthe ane anya samaye sAmayika vagere dhArmika kriyA karatI vakhate svAdhyAya arthe sakjhAyo lakhAI. prabhAtamAM UThI tarata gAvA mATe prabhAtiyAM athavA chaMda lakhAyAM. taduparAMta A samayamAM bIjo eka prakAra vikasyo te pUjAno che tIrthaMkara bhagavAnanI pratimAne vidhipUrvaka snAna prakSAla) karAvI pUjA karavA mATe "snAtrapUjA' nAmanI kRtio lakhAI. vaLI khAsa prasaMge baporanA samaye tIrthakara bhagavAnanI snAtrapUjA karatAM karatAM utsavanI jema vAjiMtro sahita gAvA mATenI pUjAnA prakAranI racanAo lakhAI, jenI paraMparA Aje paNa mUrtipUjaka jainomAM cAlu che. A pUjAomAM uttarakAlIna kavi vIravijayanI pUjAo ghaNI ja lokapriya banI gaI hatI ane Aje paNa ghaNe bhAge vIravijayanI pUjAo gavAya che. paNa vIravijaya pahelAM paNa, I. sa. 14/0thI 1600nA gALAmAM kavi jaina sAhitya 35

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depALa, sakalacaMdra upAdhyAya sAdhu kIrti, prItivimala. ItyAdi kavioe A prakArane kheDyo che. doDhaso varSanA A gALAmAM ane tyAra pachInA samayamAM lakhAyelI saMkhyAbaMdha pUjAkRtiomAM 'aprakAra', paMcakalyANaka', "vIsasthAnaka', "navapada', bAsvata', 'aMtarAya' karma', "sattarabheda, pistAlIsa Agama', "cosaTha prakAra', navANuM prakAra', "aSTApada, 'RSimaMDala', "paMcajJAna', "108 prakAra', paMcamahAvrata' ItyAdi viSayo levAyA che ane enI racanAo vividha rAgarAgiNIomAM thayelI che. kadamAM te pacAsa sATha kaDIthI baso karatAMye vadhu kaDImAM lakhAyelI che. - I. sa. 1450thI 1600 sudhInA gALAmAM lakhAyelI vividha prakAranI ATalI badhI kRtionuM mUlyAMkana karavAnuM kArya saraLa nathI, kAraNa ke temAMnI ghaNIbadhI hajI aprakAzita che eTale zakya teTalA kavionI ane temanI kRtiono paricaya ahIM ApaNe karIzuM. harasevaka - harasevaka nAmanA (agAunA samaya-gALAmAM thayelA) kavie mayaNarehAno rAsa' nAmanI eka rAsakRtinI racanA saM. 1413mAM (I.sa. 1357) karelI jaNAya che. kavie e kRtinI racanA kukaDI gAmamAM cAturmAsa daramiyAna karI che. "karyo comAso' zabdo parathI jaNAya che ke A koI zrAvaka-gRhastha nahi paNa sAdhu kavi hovA joIe, joke emAM emaNe potAnA guruno ke paraMparAno kaMI nirdeza karyo nathI. A rAsanI racanA kavie 187 kaDImAM karI che. emAM emaNe madanarekhAno vRttAMta varNavyo che. AraMbhamAM kavie paranArIgamananA vyasanano nirdeza karyo che. avaMti dezanA sudarzana nAmanA nagaranA rAjA maNirathanI kudRSTi potAnA nAnA bhAI yugabAhunI pativratA patnI madanarekhA para paDe che, eTale madanarekhAne meLavavA mATe kAmAsakta maNiratha nAnA bhAI yugabAhune mArI nAkhe che. madanarekhAne tenI khabara paDatAM te nAsI chUTe che ane cAritra dhAraNa kare che ane bIjI bAju maNiratha rAjA sarpadaMzathI mRtyu pAme che. kavinI bhASAmAM rAjasthAnI bhASAnI asara vizeSa jaNAya zAlisUri paMdaramA saikAmAM I. 1422 pUrve akSarameLa vRttomAM 183 zlokomAM A kavinuM racAyeluM 'virATaparva AkarSaka kathApheraphArothI, jhaDajhamakabhaya yuddhavarNanathI ne coTadAra lokoktiothI judu tarI Ave che. kavi jaina chatAM kRti jaina mahAbhAratakathA - paraMparAne anusaratI nathI. 36 sAhityadarzana

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depALa I. sa.nA paMdaramA zatakanA aMtabhAgamAM depALa (devapAla) nAmanA kavie rAsa, phAgu, dhavala, hariyALI, pUjA, bhAsa ityAdi prakAranI tera jeTalI kRtionI racanA karelI maLe che, jemAMnI ghaNIkharI aprasiddha che. depALanuM TUMkuM nAma depo hatuM. te bhojaka hato. kavi RSabhadAse I.sa. 1614mAM (saM. 1670mAM) racelA potAnA 'kumArapALarAsa'mAM je potAnA purogAmI kaviono ullekha karyo che temAM depALano paNa nirdeza karyo che. haMsarAja, vAcho, depAla, mAla hemanI buddhi vizAla, susAdhu, samo, suracaMda, zItala vacana jima sAradacaMda.' 'kocara vyavahArI rAsa'mAM nirdeza thayo che te pramANe depAla dilhInA prasiddha desalaharA zAha samaro ane sAraMgano Azrita hato. paraMtu te gujarAtamAM paNa puSkaLa pharyo hato ane eNe ghaNuMkharuM gujarAtamAM rahIne potAnI kRtionI racanA karelI jaNAya che. eNe (1) jAvaDa bhAvaDa rAsa (2) rohiNeya prabaMdha athavA rohiNIA cora rAsa (3) caMdanabAlA ciratra copAI (4) ArdrakumAra dhavala (pa) snAtrapUjA (6) jaMbUsvAmI paMcabhavavarNana copAI (7) abhayakumAra zreNika rAsa (8) samyakatva bAravrata kulara copAI (9) puNya-pApa phala copAI (10) vajasvAmI copAI (11) sthUlibhadranI kakAvALI (12) thAvAkumAra bhAsa (13) hariyALI ityAdi kRtionI racanA karelI che. kavi depALa bhojaka hovAne lIdhe saMgItanA tattvanI ene sArI sUjha hoya ema jaNAya che. enI kRtionI bhASAmAM prAsAnuprAsa, prAsAdikatA ane layabaddhatAnuM tattva tarata ja najare caDe che. uM. ta. jaMbUsvAmI paMcabhavavarNana copAImAM e lakhe che : goyama gaNahara paya namI ArAhisu arihaMta hRdayakamala aneisa vasaI bhavabhaMjaNa bhagavaMta. bhavabhaMjaNa bhagavaMtanuM ANa akhaMDa vasa, sIla siomaNi guNa nilau, jaMbu kumara vaNesu. kavi depALa svabhAve ghaNo namra ane nirabhimAnI hato. potAnI kRtiomAM eNe potAnI laghutA darzAvI che. samyakatva bAvrata kulaka copAI'mAM AraMbhamAM e kahe che : vI2 jijJesara praNamuM pAya, ahinisa Asa vahUM jinarAya, mUrakha kavi e jANaI nahIM, paNa aNaboliu na sakaI rahI. adhikuM uchauM kahaI asAdhu, te zrI saMdha khamau aparAdha, tArA pasAI zruta AdhAra, pabhaNiya, zrAvakanA vrata bAra. jaina sAhitya * 37

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pUjAnA prakAranI kRtio racanAra kaviomAM kavi depALanuM nAma prAraMbhanA kaviomAM jovA maLe che. enI "snAtrapUjA' nAmanI eka ja kRti racelI maLe che. prAkRta gAthAo sahitanI A kRti jaina maMdiromAM prAtaHkALamAM tIrthakara bhagavAnanI snAtrapUjA' karatI vakhate keTalIka dravyakriyA sAthe gAvA mATe lakhAyelI che. emAM pArzvanAtha bhagavAnanI stuti karatAM kavi vArANasI nagarInuM saMkSepamAM varNana kare che. temAMnI thoDIka paMktio juo! tihAM gaDhamaDha maMdira dIse abhinava, suMdara poli prakAra. kosIsI pAkhala phirati khAI, koDha visAmA ghATa. hAMre jinamaMDaLa zikharabaddha prAsAde daMDa kaLaza brahmAMDa ati giruA guNasAgara bahu sohe, dIse puchavI pracaMDa. traSivardhana kavi RSivardhana aMcala gacchanA jayakIrtisUrinA ziSya hatA. temanI mAtra eka ja kRti maLe che nalarAja cupaI. madhyakALamAM naLadamayaMtInI kathA jaina paraMparA pramANe nala-davadaMtInI kathA) vize lakhAyelI rAkRtiomAM I. sa. 14pa6 (saM. 1512)mAM zrI RSivardhane racelI rAsakRti A gALAnI kRtiomAM noMdhapAtra che. nalarAjacupai" athavA "nalarAya-davadaMtIcarita'nA nAmanI A kRtinI racanA kavie duhA, copAI ane bhinnabina dezIomAM prayojelI DhALomAM karI che. kadanI dRSTie A rAsa nAno che. lagabhaga sADAtraNaso jeTalI kaDInI A saLaMga racanAmAM kavi zrI zAMtinAtha bhagavAnane praNAma karI rAsanI zarUAta kare che. rAsanA kathAvastu mATe kavie mukhyatve AdhAra lIdho che hemacaMdrAcArya kRta 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra'no, eTale ke jaina paraMparAnusAra cAlI AvatI naladavadaMtI kathAno. naladavadaMtInI jaina kathA enA pUrva bhavonA vRttAntathI-vIramatI ane mammaNanA bhavanI ane dhaNadhUsarInA bhavanI kathAthI-zarU thAya che ane kavie paNa e ja pramANe Alekhana karyuM che. paraMtu kavie AraMbhanA bhAgamAM ja prayojelI naladavadaMtInA mAhAbhyane varNavatI nIcenI kaDI keTalIka DhAlonI dhuvakaDI tarIke paNa prayojelI jaNAya che. kadAca lahiyAoe paNa e pramANe karyuM hoya puya siloka nalahavikhyAta, mahAsatI bhImI avadAta; jima jima zravaNa suNaI cheka tima tima jAgaI dharma viveka. naladavadaMtInA pUrvabhavanA Alekhana pachI duhAmAM naLanuM ane 'ulAlAnI DhAlamAM davadaMtInuM citra kavie khaDuM karyuM che. ochI chatAM kAvyaguNayukta paMktiomAM A Alekhana thayuM hovAthI te kaMIka viziSTatAvALuM banyuM che. niSadha rAjAnA rAjyanI 8 sAhityadarzana

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samRddhinuM ane naLanA janmamahotsavanuM kavie kareluM varNAnuprAsayukta varNana paNa dhyAna kheMce evuM che. yauvani caDIya saMpUraI, ratiraMbhA mada cUraI evI davadaMtInuM svayaMvaramaMDapamAM Agamana thayuM, te samayanuM kavie AlekheluM citra paNa manohara che. naladavadetInA lagnaprasaMganA nirUpaNamAM kavinA samayanI lagnavidhinuM pratibimba paDeluM jaNAya che. navaraMga cUMdaDI oDhI naLarAjAnuM enI bahene lUNa utAryuM evo ahIM kavie karelo nirdeza sAmAnya rIte naLadamayaMtI vikhUTAM paDe che te ghaTanA pachI naLanI tapAsa mATe bhImaka rAjAe mokalelo brAhmaNa naLadamayaMtInI kathAnuM nATaka bhajavIne huMDika e ja naLa che ema zodhI kADhe che te kavie varNavelI ghaTanA jainaparaMparAnI nalakathAmAM nathI. paraMtu kavie te rAmacandrasUrinA "nalavilAsa nATakamAMthI lIdhela jaNAya che. naLa chevaTe bhautika sukhamAM jIvana pasAra kare che te samaye ene enA svargastha pitA niSadha devalokamAMthI AvIne upadeza Ape che te prasaMga kavie saMkSepamAM sarasa mUkyo che : caMcala yauvana, dhana saMsAri, viSa jima viSaya duHkha bhaMDAra, jIvana bhogi tRpata na thAI, puNya pApa be sAthi jAI. rAsanI chellI be kaDImAM kavi potAnI guruparaMparA, rAsanI racanAsAla, racanAsthaLa ane lazruti jaNAvI rAsa pUro kare che. kavino A rAsa kadamAM nAno che, kAraNa ke e samaye haju lAMbA rAsa lakhAtA nahi, paraMtu ethI kavine prasaMgonA nirUpaNamAM ghaNI jhaDapa rAkhavI paDI che, kyAMka to mAtra nirdeza karIne paNa calAvavuM paDyuM che. tema chatAM kavi pAse sArI nirUpaNazakti che enI ApaNane pratIti thAya che. kavinA A rAsanI keTalIka asara naladavadaMtI vizenA keTalAka uttarakAlIna rAsa para thayelI jaNAya che. brahmajinadAsa sakalakIrtinA ziSya brahmajinadAse I.sa.nA paraMdaramA saikAnA uttarArdhamAM keTalIka rAkRtionI racanA karI che. brahmajinadAsa digaMbara saMpradAyanA brahmacArI hoya ema jaNAya che. teo potAnI kRtimAM "brahmajiNadAsa', athavA "jiNadAsa brahmacArI'nA nAmathI potAno ullekha kare che. teo ghaNA vidvAna hatA ane saMskRtamAM emaNe "rAmacarita' nAmano graMtha lakhyo che, jemAM dareka sargane aMte "bhaTTAraka zrI sakalakIrti ziSya brahmacArI jinadAsa viracita' ema ApyuM che. digaMbaromAM sAdhu thavA mATe prathama brahmacArI thavuM joIe. jinadAsa brahmacArInI avasthAmAM hatA tyAre ja emaNe A badhI kRtionI racanA karI che. emanI rAsakRtiomAM "harivaMzarAsa' (I.sa. 1464), yazodhara rAsa', 'AdinAtha rAsa', "zreNikarAsa', "karakuMDa rAsa', jaina sAhitya - 39

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'hanumaMta rAsa', 'samakti sAra', 'sA2A2vAsono rAsa' eTalA rAsa upalabdha che. A uparAMta dharmapacIzI' nAmanI 27 kaDInI eka laghukRti paNa upalabdha che. kavinI bhASA saraLa che ane upamA dRSTAMta ityAdi alaMkAro kavi sahaja rIte prayoje che. dA.ta., bAla gopAla jima paDhai suNai jANe bahu bheda jipta sAsaNa guNa niramala mithyAmata cheda kaThINa nArIyala dIje bAlaka hAthi te svAda na jANe cholyA kailA dAkha dIje te guNa bahu mAne, tima e Adi purANa sAra, desa bhASa vakhANuM pragaTa guNa jima vistare jiNa sAsaNavAMnuM (AdinAtha rAsa) vaccha bhaMDArI vaDatapagacchanA jJAnasAgarasUrinA bhakta zrAvaka vaccha bhaMDArIe racelI 'jIvabhavasthiti-rAsa', mRgAMkalekhA rAsa' ane 'navalapallava pArzva kalaza' e traNa kRtio maLe che. kavie pote nirdeza karyo che te pramANe emaNe I.sa. 1467nA phAgaNa suda 13ne ravivAre jIvabhavasthiti rAsa'nI racanA pUrNa karI che. 'siddhAnta rAsa' athavA 'pravacanasA2' evAM bIjAM be nAma dharAvatI A kRtinI racanA be hajAra karatAMye vadhu kaDImAM vividha rAga ane dezImAM thayelI che. A kRtimAM kavie jIvanI bhavasthitinuM varNana saiddhAntika carcA sAthe karyuM che. kavi lakhe che : Ni pariI jIvabhava sthiti, te ati alakSa apAra, eka jIva AsAna bhava taraI, eka phirai anaMta saMsAri kavinI bIjI kRti 'mRgAMkalekhA rAsa' pahelA karatAM kadamAM nAnI che. emAM racanAsAlano spaSTa ullekha hoya ema jaNAyuM nathI. paraMtu te Azare I.sa. 1488 pahelAMnI hoya ema jaNAya che. 402 jeTalI kaDImAM lakhAyelI A rAsakRtimAM kavino Azaya mRgAMkalekhA satInuM caritra AlekhavAno che ane A dvArA zIlano mahimA darzAvavAno che. kavi gautama gaNadharane praNAma karIne 'sIla siromaNi' evI mRgAMkalekhAnA vRttAntano prAraMbha kare che. ujjainI nagarInA avaMtIsena rAjAnA maMtrI matisAranI rUpaguNavatI dharmaniSThA putrI mRgAMkalekhAnAM lagna sAgaracaMdra nAmanA zreSThIputra sAthe thAya che. paNa koIka kAraNe gerasamaja thavAthI te mRgAMkalekhAne bolAvato nathI ane dezAvara cAlyo jAya che. sAteka varSa e rIte vItyAM pachI dharmadhyAnamAM samaya vitAvatI mRgAMkalekhAne sAgaracaMdra eka vAra daivI guTikAnI 40 * sAhityadarzana

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madadathI rAtorAta lAMbuM aMtara kApI guptapaNe maLavA Ave che ane pAcho cAlyo jAya che. pariNAme sagarbhA banelI mRgAMkalekhAne asatI gaNI kADhI mUkavAmAM Ave che. vanamAM te putrane janma Ape che ane keTaleka samaye eno putra paNa vanamAM guma thaI jAya che. tyArapachI eka pachI eka saMkaTomAM AvI paDatI mRgAMkalekhA eka yA bIjI yuktithI potAnA zIlane bacAve che ane chevaTe potAnA sAgaracaMdra patine ane putrane meLave che ane sukhamAM varSo vItAve che. duhA, copAI, ane vividha dezInI DhAlamAM racAyelI A kRtimAM kavi upadezapradhAna adbhutarasika kathAvastu pravAhI ane vegavaMtI zailIe Alekhe che. navapallava pArzvanAtha kalaza' nAmanI laghukRtimAM kavi vaccha bhaMDArIe saurASTramAM AvelA -- maMgaLapura mAMgaroLanA pArzvanAtha bhagavAnanI stuti karI che. lAvaNyasamaya kavi lAvaNyasamaya I. sa. paMdaramA saikAnA eka samartha kavi thaI gayA. vIra jinezvara kero ziSya gautama nAma ja nizadiza' 'e paMktithI zarU thato emano gautama svAmIno chaMda Aja divasa sudhI jainomAM rojeroja gavAto Avyo che. eTale ke sAdhAraNa jaina samAja Aje paNa yazovijayajI AnaMdaghanajI jinaharSa udayaratna, pavijaya, devacaMdra, vIravijaya ItyAdi kaviothI jema suparicita che tema lAvaNyasamayathI paNa suparicita che. lAvaNyasamayano janma I. sa. 1465mAM amadAvAdamAM ajadarapurAmAM thayo hato. emanA pitAnuM nAma zrIdhara ane mAtAnuM nAma jhamakaladevI hatuM. lAvaNyasamayanuM janmanAma lahurAja (laghurAjI pADavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. e samaye ajarapurAmAM jaina maMdiranI pAse AvelA upAzrayamAM muni samayaratna birAjamAna hatA. zrIdhare emane lahurAjanA janmAkSara batAvyA. te joI samayarane kahyuM, "A bALaka mahAna tapasvI, koI moTo yati, mahAvidvAna ane bahu tIrthayAtrA karanAro thaze." muni samayaratnanA kahevAthI mAtA-pitAe lahurAjane navame varSe dIkSA ApavAnuM nakkI karyuM ane te mujaba ene pAraNAmAM samayaratnanA guru lakSmIsAgarasUrinA haste dIkSA ApavAmAM AvI ane tenuM nAma lAvaNyasamaya' rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. muni samayarane lAvaNyasamayane nAnI vayathI ja adhyayana karAvyuM hatuM. soLame varSe to lAvaNyasamaya kavitAnI racanA karavA lAgyA hatA. emaNe lakhelA 'vimalaprabaMdha'nI cUlikAmAM teo potAne vize jaNAve che : jaina sAhitya - 41

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navamaI varasi dikhatara dIdha, samayaratna guri vidyA dIdha, sarasati mAta mayA tava lahI, varasa solama vANI huI, raciyA rAsa suMdara-saMbaMdha, chaMda kavita cupaI prabaMdha, vividha gIta bahu koriyA vivAda racI dIpasUra saMvAda, sarasa kathA harIAlI kavaI, moTA maMtrIrAya raMjavAI, kavi lAvaNyasamaye rAsa, prabaMdha, copAI, saMvAda, vivAhalo, stavana, sajjhAya, chaMda, hamacaDI, hariyALI vinaMtI ityAdi prakAranI 42 jeTalI nAnImoTI kRtionI racanA karI che. emanA samayamAM teo eka prabhAvazALI paMDita kavi hatA ane emanI kavitA ane emanA upadezathI moTA moTA rAjapuruSo paNa prabhAvita thayA hatA. e samayanA musalamAna rAjyakartAo paNa lAvaNyasamayanuM ghaNuM mAna jALavatA hatA. mevADanA mahArANA ratnasiMhanA maMtrI karmAzAhe zatruMjaya tIrthano sAtamo jIrNoddhAra karAvyo te A lAvaNyasamayanA upadezathI karAvyo hota evo nirdeza zatruMjaya uparanA I. sa. 1522nA zilAlekhamAM Aje paNa joI zakAya che. lAvaNyasamaya kyAre kALadharma pAmyA te nizcitapaNe jANI zakAtuM nathI, paraMtu I.sa. 1533mAM emaNe amadAvAdamAM yazobhadrasUri rAsa'nI racanA karI che tyAM sudhI eTale ke aDasaTha varSanI uMmara sudhI teo vidyamAna hatA ema kahI zakAya. kavi lAvaNyasamaye racelI kRtio nIce pramANe maLe che : (1) siddhAnta copAI (2) gautamapRcchA copAI (3) nemiraMgaratnAkara chaMda (4) sthUlibhadra ekavIso (5) navapallavapArzvanAtha stavana (6) AloyaNa vinatI (7) neminAtha hamacaDI (8) serIsApArzvanAtha stavana (9) rAvaNamaMdodarI saMvAda (10) vairAgya vinatI (11) surapriya kevalI rAsa (12) vimalaprabaMdha (13) devarAja vaccharAja copAI (14) karasaMvAda (15) antarika pArzvanAtha chaMda (16) caturviMzati jinastavana (17) sUryadIpavAda chaMda (18) sumatisAdhu vivAhalo, (19) balibhadra-yazobhadra rAsa (20) gautama rAsa (21) gautama chaMda (22) paMcatIrtha stavana (23) sIva jIrAulA pArzvanAtha vinatI (24) rAjimatI gIta (25) dRDhaprahArInI sajjhAya (26) paMcaviSaya svAdhyAya (27) AThamanI sajjhAya (28) sAta vAranI sajjhAya (29) puNyaphalanI sajjhAya (30) Atmabodha sajjhAya (31) cauda svapnanI sajjhAya (32) dAnanI sajjhAya (33) zrAvaka vidhi sajjhAya (34) ogaNatrIsa bhAvanA (35) manamAMkaDa sajjhAya (36) hitazikSA sajjhAya (37) pArzvanAtha jinastavana prabhAtI (38) Atmaprabodha (39) nemarAjula bAramAso (40) vairAgyopadeza (41) garbhavelI (42) gaurI sAMvalI gItavivAda. 42 = sAhityadarzana

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emanI A kRtiomAMthI ghaNIkharI kRtio prakAzita thaI cUkI che. paraMtu emanI keTalIka laghuracanAo, khAsa karIne ghaNIkharI sajhAyo haju prakAzita thaI nathI. emanI kRtiomAM sauthI samartha ane yazadAyI kRti te "vimalaprabaMdha' che. vimalaprabaMdha - kavi lAvaNyasamayanI kadanI dRSTie moTI ane guNavattAnI daSTie sauthI caDiyAtI kRti te 'vimalaprabaMdha che. I. sa. 1512mAM kavie enI racanA karI che. cUlikA sahita navakhaMDanI 13pa6 jeTalI kaDImAM lakhAyelI A kRtine kavie emAM prabaMdha' uparAMta keTaleka sthaLe rAsa' tarIke athavA "rAprabaMdha' tarIke oLakhAvI che, paraMtu svarUpe te prabaMdhanA prakAranI ja che. alabatta, e jema prabaMdha che, tema caritAtmaka padyakRti paNa che, kAraNa ke solaMkI yugamAM rAjA bhIma pahelAnA samayamAM thaI gayelA suprasiddha jaina maMtrI vimalanuM caritra emAM AlekhAyuM che. vimala maMtrIe Abu parvata para delavADAmAM baMdhAvela vimalavasahI' nAmanuM jaina maMdira enI kalAkArIgIrIne kAraNe Aje to jagatabharamAM suprasiddha che. kavi lAvaNyasamayanA samayamAM paNa enI kIrti cAre bAju prasarelI hatI ja ane vimalamaMtrInuM jIvana AdaraNIya ane anukaraNIya hatuM. ethI kavie e dvArA dharmano mahimA gAvA ane dharmopadeza ApavAnA hetuthI A kRtinI racanA karelI che. vimalamaMtrInA samaya pachI lagabhaga pAMcaso varSe kavi lAvaNyasamaye A kRtinI racanA karI che, je samaye alabatta kavine vimalanA jIvananI hakIkato meLavavA mATe upalabdha lekhita sAdhano uparAMta daMtakathA upara vizeSa AdhAra rAkhavo paDyo haze. vaLI, ekaMdare jotAM prabaMdhanA prakAranI A kati hovA chatAM emAM aitihAsika ghaTanAonA AlekhananA pramANa karatAM sAmAjika ane dhArmika bAbatonuM nirUpaNa vizeSa thayuM che. itihAsa ane kavitAnI dRSTie nahi eTaluM sAmAjika paristhitinI ane lokAcAranA nirUpaNanI dRSTie enuM mUlya che. tema chatAM itihAsanA saMzodhana mATe te mahattvanI sAmagrI pUrI pADe che emAM paNa zaMkA nathI. vimalaprabaMdhamAM 'kAnhaDade prabaMdha'nI sarakhAmaNIe kathApravAha maMda gatie vahe che. vaLI emAM prasaMgo paNa kRtinA kadanI apekSAe ochA che. A prabaMdhamAM vimala maMtrInA jIvanane ja mukhyapaNe AlekhavAno kavino Azaya hovAthI te prazastikAvya jevo banI jAya che. emAM zrI, vIramatI, rAjA bhImadeva, ThaMDAnagarano rAjA, romanagaranA sulatAno ane emanI bIbIo, jaina sAdhu dharmadhoSasUri ityAdi gauNa pAtronuM Alekhana paNa eTaluM surekha thayuM che. vimalanA pAtrAlekhanamAM enAM rAjadvArI kAryone jeTaluM prAdhAnya apAyuM che, enA karatAM enAM dhArmika kAryone vizeSa prAdhAnya apAyuM che, paraMtu jaina sAdhukavine hAthe tema banavuM svAbhAvika che. vastutaH e prakAranA jaina sAhitya - 43

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nirUpaNa mATe kavie vimalamaMtrInA pAtranI yogya ja pasaMdagI karI che ema kahI zakAya. A prabaMdhanI racanA kavie mukhyatve copAInA prabaMdhamAM karI che ane emAM duhA, vastu, pavADa, dezIonA DhALano paNa upayoga karyo che. kavinI bAnI kyAreka prasAdamaya to kyAreka ojasavaMtI bane che. kavie A prabaMdhamAM alaMkAromAM upamA uparAMta arthAntaravAsano paNa ThIkaThIka upayoga karyo che. pariNAme, emanI keTalIka paMktio subhASita ke kahevata jevI banI gaI che. u.ta. eka vayarI, viSavelaDI e bihuM, trIjI vyAdhi. jAu ugatI chedaI, tu siri huI samAdhi. kaDU la navi lAgaI aMbi, sonaI kinDaI na lAgaI aMkhi, mANiki mala na basaI sAra, sIla na cUkaI vimala kuAra. nAhanauM sIha taNI bAcaDu, moTA mayagalathI te vaDu. bolAI bolaI vAdhaI rADhi, kAMTAI kAMi vAdhaI vADi. kaliyuganuM varNana, romanagaranA sulatAnanI bIbIono prasaMga, baMbhaniyAnA rAjA sAthenA yuddhaprasaMga, vimalano caMdrAvatImAM satkAra ityAdi prasaMgonA nirUpaNamAM kavi lAvaNyasamayanI varNanazaktino sAro paricaya maLI rahe che. dharmopadezapradhAna A kRti hovAne kAraNe eno pradhAna rasa zAMta hoya e svAbhAvika che. tema chatAM keTalAka prasaMgonA AlekhanamAM vIrarasa ane hAsyarasanuM paNa acche nirUpaNa thayuM che. Ama samagrapaNe mUlavatAM vimalaprabaMdha' ApaNA madhyakAlIna sAhityanI ane vizeSataH ApaNA prabaMdhasAhityanI eka mahattvanI kRti che ema avazya kahI zakAya. li lAvaNyasamayanI laghukRtiomAMthI nIcenI keTalIkano paricaya karIe : karasaMvAda - jainonA prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadeva varasItapanA pAraNe zreyAMsakumArane tyAM padhAre che e prasaMge zreyAMsakumAra bhagavAnane Izurasa vahorAve che. te prasaMge bhagavAnanA be hAthamAMthI kayo hAtha bhikSA mATe AgaLa Ave e vize baMne hAtha vacce vivAda thAya che, ane jamaNo ane DAbo baMne hAtha potapotAnI mahattA batAvavAno prayatna kare che. chevaTe baMnenI mahattA batAvI bhagavAna baMne vacce saMpa karAve che. A kalpita saMvAdanI racanA kavie doharo ane copAInI 70 kaDImAM karI che, jemAM cAturI ane vinodanA tattva uparAMta kavinI sUkSma nirIkSaNazaktinI ane jyotiSanA jJAnanI pratIti thAya che. (A svataMtra kRtinI ja A sAhityadarzana

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racanA pachI kavi samayasuMdara ane nayanasuMdare anukrame I.sa. 1609 ane I.sa. 16 17mAM rIlA "nala-davadaMtI rAsamAM paNa davadaMtInA tyAga samaye vastra phADavAnuM kAma naLano kyo hAtha kare e prasaMge karasaMvAdanI yojanA karI che). nemiraMgaratnAkara chaMda - A kRtinI racanA kavi lAvaNyasamaye I. sa. 1490mAM karI che. emAM jainonA bAvIsamA tIrthaMkara neminAtha bhagavAnanA lagnano suprasiddha prasaMga AlekhAyo che. saMskRta zlokathI AraMbhAyelI ane e adhikAramAM lakhAyelI A kRtinA pahelA adhikAranI 70 kaDImAM ane bIjA adhikAranI 117 kaDImAM neminAtha ane rAjimatInA vividha prasaMgonuM rasika Alekhana kavie karyuM che. nemikuMvaranA varaghoDAnI rAha jotI rAjimatI tathA neminAtha pAchA pharatAM AzAbhaMga ane zUnyamanaska banelI rAjimatInAM suMdara zabdacitro kavie AlekhyAM neminAtha hamacaDI - kavie I.sa. 1490mAM neminAtha vize eka kRtinI racanA karyA pachI A 84 kaDInI e ja viSaya para hamacaDInA svarUpanI eka laghukRtinI racanA I. sa. 1508mAM karI che. A kRti sAmUhika nRtya sAthe gAvA mATe khAsa lakhAyelI hoI tenA harigItikA chaMdanI saMgItanI chaTA paNa anubhavI zakAya ema che. kavie A nAnakaDI kRtine manorama bhAvacitro, prasaMgacitro tathA manohara alaMkAro ane bhASAmAdhuryathI maMDita karI che. tatkAlIna lokAcAra para suMdara prakAza pADatI A kRti che. sthUlabhadra ekavIso - jainomAM prAtaHsmaraNIya manAtA AcArya zUlibhadranI stutirUpe kavie vArApharatI yojelI evI dezI ane harigItanI ekavIsa kaDInI A racanA karI che. I.sa. 1497mAM divALImAM racAyelI A kRtimAM potAnI pUrvapriyA gaNikA kozAne tyAM sAdhu thayA pachI tarata cAturmAsa rahevAnI gurunI AjJA thatAM sthUlibhadra kozAne tyAM e pramANe saMpUrNapaNe kAmavijetA banIne rahevA uparAMta kAmavijetA thaI kozAne paNa saMyama mATe pratibodha pamADe che e ghaTanAnuM nirUpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. aMtaryAmakanI camatkRtivALI tathA prAsanI saMkalanavALI tathA dezInI kaDInA chellA ardhA caraNanA tyAra pachInI kaDImAM AvartanavALI A laghukRti enA prasaMganirUpaNanI chaTA tathA zabdamAdhuryane lIdhe AsvAdya banI che. navapallava pArzvanAtha stava ane serisA pArzvanAtha stava -- kavi lAvaNyasamaye potAnI kRtiomAM pote ja nirdeza karyo che te pramANe I. sa. 1506 mAM navapallava pArzvanAtha nAmanA tIrthanI tathA I. sa. 1506 mAM seriyA pArzvanAtha nAmanA tIrthanI emaNe yAtrA karI hatI ane e baMne yAtrA prasaMge pote anukrame 35 kaDInI jaina sAhitya 45

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navapallava pArzvanAtha stava' ane 15 kaDInI, serIsA pArzvanAtha stavana' nAmanI stutinA prakAranI racanA karI hatI. A uparAMta pArzvanAtha bhagavAnanAM bIjAM tIrthasthaLo te aMtarIkSa pArzvanAtha ane jIrAulA pArzvanAtha vize paNa temaNe racanAo karI che. jJAnacaMdra soraTha gacchanA kSamAcaMdrasUrinI paraMparAmAM vIracaMdrasUrinA ziSya kavi jJAnacaMdrasUrinI kathAsAhitya para nirbhara evI traNa kRtio maLI Ave che: (1) vaMkacUlano pavADI rAsa (I.sa. 1511), (2) vetAla pacavIsI (I.sa. 1539) ane (3) siMhAsana batrIsI (I.sa. 1545). A uparAMta kavie 18 kaDImAM nemirAjula bAramAsI' kRtinI paNa racanA karelI che. kavinI kRtiomAM emanI 'siMhAsana batrIsI' sauthI vadhu noMdhapAtra che. A kRtinI racanA traNa khaMDamAM, 1034 kaDImAM kavie karI che. kavinI pAse vArtAkathananI vegavaMtI zailI che. sthaLe sthaLe emaNe suMdara, alaMkArayukta varNano ApyAM che ane emAM kahevato, subhASito paNa vaNI lIdhAM che. iMdrasabhAnuM varNana, nagara pharatA banAvelA tAMbAnA koTanuM varNana, gaNikA ane bhartuharinA prasaMganuM varNana, vikramanA upavanavihAranuM varNana, devInI zaktinuM varNana, lIlAvatInA cAritryanuM varNana ItyAdi varNanomAM kavinI viziSTa zaktino pariciya thAya che. kavie anya padyavArtAkAronI jema nArIsvabhAva, daridratA, jugAra vagere viSayo upara prasaMge prasaMge potAnAM maMtavyo vyakta karyA che ane vairAgyano upadeza Apyo che. ekaMdare, kavi jJAnacaMdranI A kRti bhASA, chaMda, varNano alaMkAro, sUktio ItyAdinI dRSTie mahattvanI banI rahe che ane A viSayanI jaina kavionI kRtiomAM te ucca sthAna prApta kare tevI yogyatA dharAve che. sahajasuMdara IsavI sananA soLamA saikAnA AraMbhamAM thaI gayelA kaviomAM kavi sahajasuMdara gaNanApAtra che. I.sa. 1514thI 1539 sudhInI temanI racanAo maLe che. sahajasuMdare "IlAtIputra sakjhAya', "guNaratnAkara chaMda', "RSidattArAsa', "ratnAkumAra copAI', "AtmarAja rAsa', paradezI rAjAno rAsa', "zukarAjasAhelI', jaMbuaMtaraMga rAsa', yauvanajarAsaMvAda', 'tetalImaMtrIno rAsa', 'AMkha-kAna-saMvAda', sarasvatI chaMda', "AdinAtha zatruMjaya stavana", "zAlibhadra sajhAya', 'jaInaveli' ityAdi rAsa, stavana, sajhAya, chaMda, saMvAdanA prakAranI nAnImoTI kRtionI racanA 46 sAhityadarzana

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karI che. sahajasuMdara 'upakeza' gaccanA AcArya siddhisUrinA ziSyaratnasamudra upAdhyAyanA ziSya hatA. teo saMskRtanA paNa prakAMDa paMDita hatA. emaNe saMskRtamAM vyAkaraNe prathama pAdaH' nAmanA graMthanI racanA I.sa. 1525mAM karI hovAno ullekha maLe che. saMskRta bhASA uparanA temanA prabhutvane kAraNe teno prabhAva temanI gujarAtI kRtio upara paNa paDyo che. ethI emanI kRtiomAM kyAreka saMskRta tatsama zabdono upayoga vadhu jovA maLe che. cAra adhikAramAM lakhAyelI 76 5 zloka pramANa evI kavinI guNaratnAkara chaMda' nAmanI kRti ke jemAM emaNe sthUlibhadranA ciratrane bhinnabhinna chaMdamAM varNavyuM che, temAMnI thoDIka paMktio udAharaNa tarIke juo zazikara nikara samujvala mAlamAruddha sarasvatI devI, vicaratI kavijana hRdaye hRdaye saMsAra bhayahariNI, hasta kamaMDala pustaka vINA, suhajhANa nANa guNa chINA, appai lIla vilAsa, sA devI sarasaI yauM. AmAMnI prathama be paMkti kavie sarasvatI chaMda'mAM prayojelI che. RSidattA rAsa (I. sa. 1516) jemAM kavie RSidattAnA zIlano mahimA gAyo che, temAMnI AraMbhanI thoDI paMktio juo, je kavinA bhASAprabhutvanI pratIti karAvaze. kaI kavita karuM mana bhati sAraNa deva taNai parabhAti, siddhisUri gurupaya namIya sIla ziromaNi guNa saMyutA, mi anopamA zrI RSidatA jaladhisutA jaMga te samAya. sahajasuMdaranI badhI ja kRtio api aprakAzita che. e badhI prakAzita thatAM kavinI pratibhAno savizeSa paricaya thaze. lAvaNyaratna A ja gALAnA bIjA eka samartha kavi te lAvaNyaratna che. teo tapagacchanA sAdhupaMDita dhanadevanA ziSya surahaMsanA ziSya hatA. vatsarAja devarAja rAsa'mAM kavie suprasiddha AcArya somasuMdarasUrithI potAnI guruparaMparAno nirdeza karyo che. lAvaNyaratne A rAsa uparAMta yazodharacaritra' (I.sa. 1519), 'matsyodara rAsa,' 'kalAvatI rAsa", ane 'kamalAvatI rAsa'nI racanA karI che. pArzvacandrasUri vaDatapagacchanA puNyaratnanA ziSya sAdhuratnanA ziSya pArzvacandrasUrie rAsanA jaina sAhitya 47

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prakAranI be ja kRtinI racanA karelI jaNAya che ane te paNa kadamAM ghaNI nAnI che. A be kRtio te I.sa. 1541mAM racelI 86 kaDInI kRti "vastupAla tejapAla rAsa ane 42 kaDInI racanA "jinapratimA sthApanA rAsa'. paraMtu te uparAMta emaNe saMkhyAbaMdha nAnI nAnI kRtionI racanA karI che. nAnI kRtiomAM potAnA gaccha, guruparaMparA ItyAdinA ullekhane avakAza nathI. "khaMdhakacaritra sajajhAyamAM emaNe potAnA gaccha ane guruno nIce pramANe ullekha karyo che. vaDatapa gacchi guNarayaNa nidhAna, sAharaNa paMDita supradhAna, pArSacandra nAme tasu sIsa, tiNi kIdho mana ANI jagIsa. pArjacandrasUri hamIrapura nagaranA prAdhvaMzanA velvagazAhanA putra hatA. emano janma I.sa. 1481mAM thayo hato. emanI mAtAnuM nAma vimalAde hatuM. pArjacandra nava varSanI uMmare dIkSA lIdhI hatI. I.sa. 1579mAM temane AcAryapada ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. teo eka samartha mahAna jainAcArya hatA ane I.sa. 1543mAM emane yugapradhAnanuM biruda ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. jodhapuramAM teo kALadharma pAmyA hatA. emaNe ghaNA rAjavIone ane anya rajapUtone upadeza Apyo hato. emanA nAma parathI pAcandra gaccha pAyacaMda gaccha) nIkaLyo hato. pArdhacandrasUrie vivekazataka', "duhAzataka', "eSaNAzataka' ityAdi zatakanA prakAranI ane pAkSika chatrIzI', 'Agama chatrIzI', 'uttarAdhyayana chatrIzI', "guru chatrIzI', "muhapati chatrIzI', "bhASA chatrIzI', ItyAdi chatrIzInA prakAranI kRtionI racanA karI che. taduparAMta, "sAdhuvaMdanA', 'aticAra copAI', "caritra manorathamAlA', "zrAvakamanorathamAlA', "AtmazikSA', "jinapratibhA', "sthApanA vijJapti', "amaradvAra', "saptatikA', "niyatAniyata', praznottapradIpikA', "brahmacarya, daMza samAdhisthAna kula", "stara bhedI pUjA', "agiyAra bola sajhAya', 'vaMdanadoSa', ArAdhanA moTI', 'ArAdhanA nAnI', 'upadezarahasya gIta', 'vidhivicAra', "vItarAga stavana', "zAMtijina stavana', "rUpakamAlA', "aMdhakacaritra', kezi pradezibaMdha', saMvegabatrIsI', "saMvarakulaka' ityAdi ghaNI nAnInAnI kRtionI racanA karI che. e badhI kRtiomAM rAsa ke prabaMdha ke caritranA prakAranI kRti karatAM ArAdhanAnA viSayanI keTalIka kRtio kadamAM moTI che. emanI eka kRti 406 kaDI jeTalI moTI che. zrI pArzvacandrasUrie A rIte caritrAdi varNanAtmaka kRtio karatAM zAstrIya nirUpaNanI upadezanA prakAranI kRtionuM sarjana savizeSa karyuM che. "AtmazikSA'mAM kavi kahe che : re abhimAnI jIvaDA, tuM kima pAmisi pAra, laghu chala nirakhe pArakA, tuM tihano bhaMDAra. 48 sAhityadarzana

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kavinI keTalIka kRtionI kalazanI paMktio-aMtima cAra paMktio -- prAsAnuprAsayukata ane kavinA bhASAprabhutvanA namUnArUpa hoya che. u. ta. sAdhuvaMdanAMnI "kaLazanI paMktio juo : Ima janavANI joI hiyAM ANI mAM bhaNyA, bhavataraNa tAraNa, duHkha vAraNa sAdhu guru mukhi je suyA. ima accha munivara jeya hosya, kAli anaMtaI je huA, te sata chaMdiha zrI pAsacaMdaI mani saMthuA. ane A juo "ekAdazacanaddhAttizikA'nI kaLazanI paMktio : sevA karavaI bhavajala tariyAi dhariyAI hiyaDaI guru vayaNe, paramAratha grahiyAM zivamukha lahII rahiyaI Adara jinazaraNe IgyAra padAratha bhAkhyA samaratha sAMbhali bhaviyaNa sahiye. je thAI ikacita pAmAM samakita zrI pAsacaMdra INi pari kahae. vinayadevasUri vinayadevasUri rAjaputra hatA. solaMkI rAjA padharAyanA te putra hatA. emanI mAtAnuM nAma sItAde hatuM. emano janma I. sa. 1512mAM mAlavAnA AjaNoTha gAmamAM thayo hato. temanuM nAma brahmakuMvara hatuM. eTale ja teo potAnI kRtiomAM potAno nAmollekha brahma'nA nAmathI ghaNI vAra kare che. brahmakuMvara potAnA moTA bhAI dhanarAja sAthe dvArakAjInI jAtrA karI giranAra gayA tyAM temaNe ane temanA moTA bhAIe raMgamaMDaNa RSi pAse dIkSA lIdhI. teo brahma-muni (vAhA-chaSi) banyA. pArjacandrasUrinA gurunA guru puNyaratna pAse dIkSA lenAra baradarAja RSino (je pAchaLathI vijayadevasUri thayA) meLApa brahmaRSine pATaNamAM thayo ane pachI teo temanI sAthe dakSiNamAM ghaNe sthaLe pharyA ane ghaNe sthaLe vAdamAM jItyA. AcAryapada maLyA pachI te vinayadevasUrinA nAmathI oLakhAyA. teo eka mahAna AcArya hatA ane emaNe keTalAka saiddhAntika matabhedane kAraNe sudharmagacchanA nAmathI potAno judo gaccha sthApyo hato. teo I. sa. 1590mAM barahAnapuramAM kALadharma pAmyA hatA. emanA eka ziSya manajIRSie I. sa. 1590mAM vinayadevasUri rAsanI racanA karI che, jemAM temanA jIvana ane kAryanI savigata mAhitI ApI che. vinayadevasUrie rAsa, copAI, vivAhalo, dhavala, stavana, ityAdi prakAranI kRtionI racanA karI che. emaNe I. sa. 1537mAM "susaDha copAInI 243 kaDImAM racanA karI che, jemAM susaDhanuM kathAnaka varNavavAmAM AvyuM che. A kathAnaka mahAnizItha jaina sAhitya 49

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sUtramAM Ave che. susaDha eka brAhmaNIno putra hato. janma samaye ja mAtA gumAvatAM te eka kuMbhArane ghe2 Ucharyo hato. eNe yuvAnavaye dIkSA lIdhI hatI, paraMtu tenAthI saMyamanuM pAlana thaI zakatuM nahotuM eTale gurue ene gaccha bahAra kADhyo hato. rAsane aMte kavi upadeza ApatAM kahe che ke rAjAnI AjJAnuM ullaMghana karatAM koI eka sajA thAya che, paraMtu jinezvara bhagavAnanI AjJAnuM ullaMghana ka2tAM bhavobhava aneka duHkha bhogavavAM paDe che. narapati ANA bhUMjatA, labhai nigraha eka, jina AAM bhaMyai sahai, 52vi du:kha aneka. vinayadevasUrie 839 kaDImAM racelI 'sudarzanazeTha copAI'mAM aneka yAtanA ane kasoTIomAMthI zuddha svarUpe pasAra thanAra sudarzana muninuM kathAnaka AlekhavAmAM AvyuM che. caMpAnagarInA zreSThInA tejasvI putra sudarzana zeTha pratye rAjyanA purohitanI patnI AkarSAI hatI. paraMtu te tene meLavavAmAM niSphaLa gaI eTale eNe rANIne uzkerI, rANI paNa sudarzanane AkarSavAmAM niSphaLa gaI eTale eNe sudarzana 52 khoTuM ALa caDAvyuM ane rAjAne bhaMbheryo. eTale rAjAe sudarzanane zULIe caDAvavAnuM nakkI karyuM. e samaye sudarzananI satI jevI patnI manoramAe jinezvara bhagavAnanuM dhyAna dharyuM. evAmAM rAjAne sAcI vAtanI khabara paDI gaI ane sudarzana zeThane zULIe na caDAvyA. paraMtu A ghaTanAthI sudarzana zeThane vairAgya thayo ane emaNe dIkSA lIdhI. teo sudarzanamuni banyA. sAdhu avasthAmAM paNa emanI ghaNI kasoTI thaI, paNa temAMthI paNa te pAra paDyA. chevaTe kevaLajJAna pAmI teo mokSe sidhAvyA. A prasaMge zIlano upadeza ApatAM kavi lakhe che : sahyA parIsama ati ghora, sudarazaNa mahA muni, kAyA karama kaThora, zIla pAlI zivapura gayA. * eso zIla nidhAna, bhaviyaNa hita karI Adaro, jyo jAo nirvANa devaloka meM sAMso nahIM, e khaTa darasaNamAMhi zIla adhiko vakhANIyo, tapa reMjama kheru thAya zIla vinA eka palakamAM. vinayadevasUrie taduparAMta I. sa. 1541mAM cAra pratyeka buddha copAI', I. sa. 1556mAM 'nAgila-sumati copAI', I sa. 1578mAM bharata-bAhubali rAsa' tathA 'ajAputrarAsa'nI racanA karI che. emanI itara kRtiomAM 'sudharmagaccha parIkSA', 'aDhAra pApasthAna parihAra bhASA', 'neminAtha dhavala', uttarAdhyayana 36 adhyayana gIta', supArzvajina vivAhalo', 'sAdhuvaMdanA', zAMtinAtha vivAhalo', 50 sAhityadarzana

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vAsupUjya svAmI dhavala', jinarAjanAma stavana', "aMtakAla ArAdhanA phala', prathama Astravadhara kulaka', "jinapratimA sthApanA prabaMdha', "aSTakarmavicAra', "saiddhAttika vicAra' ItyAdi saMkhyAbaMdha bIjI kRtio gaNAvI zakAya. vinayadevasUrie A uparAMta saMskRtamAM prajJaptisUtra upara TIkA ane pAkhIsUtravRttinI racanA paNa karelI dolatavijaya tapagacchanA sumatisAdhunI paraMparAmAM padmaviyanA praziSya zAMtivijayanA ziSya dolatavijaye khumANa rAsanI racanA karI che. rAsamAM kavie racanAnAlano nirdeza karyo haze paraMtu tenI ekamAtra maLatI prata apUrNa hovAthI te sAla cokkasapaNe jANI zakAtI nathI. A rAsamAM kavie citoDanA rANA khumANa ane tenA vaMzajono itihAsa cAraNazAhI paddhatie varNavyo che. jaina sAdhukavioe kyAreka AvI prazastinA prakAranI rAsa kRtinI paNa racanA karI che te A rAsa parathI joI zakAya che. kavinAM keTalAMka varNano janamanaraMjanArthe thayelAM hoya ema jaNAya che. AraMbhamAM kivi gaNezane paNa vaMdana kare che, je prakAranI stuti sAmAnyapaNe jaina kavionI kRtiomAM javalle ja jovA maLe che. ziva suta suMDhAlo sabala, seve sarava sureza, vighana vidAraNa varadIyaNa gavarIputra gaNeza. anya kavio: I.sa. 1450thI 1550 sudhInA so varSanA gALAnA mahattvanA keTalAka kavio ane emanI kRtiono paricaya meLavyo. A gALAmAM bIjA saMkhyAbaMdha kavioe rAsa, phAgu, vivAhalo, prabaMdha, stavana, sakjhAya ityAdi prakAranI kRtionI racanA karI che, jemAMnI javalle ja thoDI kRtio haju prakAzita thaI che. A kavio ane emanI kRtiomAM noMdhapAtra te nIce mujaba che : (1) sAdhumerukRta-puNyasAra rAsa (2) saMghavimala (athavA zubhazIlakRta) sudarzana zreSThIno rAsa (3) saMghakalazakRta samyakatva rAsa (4) ajJAtakRta RSidattA rAsa (5) AnaMda munikRta dharmalakSI mahattarAbhAsa (6) zubhazIlagaNikRta prasenajita rAsa (7) udayadharmakRta upadezamAlA kathAnaka (8) ratnazakharakRta ratnacUDa rAsa (9) kalyANasAgarakRta agaDadA rAsa (10) ANaMdamerukRta kAlakasUri bhAsa (11) matizekharakRta dhanA rAsa; kuragaDu maharSi rAsa; mayaNarehA satI rAsa; IlAputra caritra (12) jinavardhanata dhannArANa (13) AjJAsuMdarakata vidyAvilAsa copAI (14) jaina sAhitya 51

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vinayacaMdrakRta jaMbusvAmIno rAsa (15) lakSmIsAgarakRta vastupAla tejapAla rAsa (16) rAjatilakagaNikRta zAlibhadra rAsa (17) ratnasiMha ziSyakRta bUsvAmI rAsa (18) malayacaMdrakRta siMhAsana batrIsI (19) bhaktivijayakRta citrasena padmAvatI rAsa (20) pethoskRta pArzvanAtha dazabhava vivAhalo (21) lakSmIratnasUrikata surapriyakumAra rAsa; ATha karma copAI (22) somacaMdrakRta kAmadevano rAsa; sudarzana rAsa (23) jJAnasAgarakRta siddhacakra rAsa (zrIpAla rAsa) (24) maMgaladharmakRta maMgalakalaza rAsa, (25) jinaratnasUrikRta maMgalakalaza rAsa (26) puNyanaMdita rUpakamAlA (27) devaprabhagaNikata kumArapAla rAsa (28) udayadharmakRta malayasuMdarI rAsa; kathAbatrIsI (29) khemarAjakRta zrAvakAcAra copAI; IkhakArI rAjA copAI (30) saMvegasuMdarakRta sA zikhAmaNa rAsa (31) hemavimalasUrikRta mRgAputra copAI (32) jayavallabhakata zrAvaka bAsvata rAsa; sthUlabhadra bAsaThIo; dhannA aNagArano rAsa (33) siMhakulazakRta munipati caritra (34) zAMtisUrikRta sAgaradana rAsa (35) jinasAdhusUrikRta bharatabAhubalirAsa (36) kIrtiharSakRta sanatakumAra copAI (37) jayarAjakRta matsyodara rAsa (38) kSamAkalakata suMdara rAjA rAsa; lalitAMga kumAra rAsa (39) nemikaMrakata gajasiMhakumAra copAI (40) labdhisAgarakata zrIpAla rAsa; dhvajabhajJakumAra copAI (41) harSakalazakRta vasudeva copAI (42) lAvaNyasiMhakRta DhaMDhaNakumAra rAsa (43) siMhakulakRta naMdabatrIsI; svapnavicAra copAI (4) harSamunikRta caMdralekhA copAI (45) IzvarasUrikRta lalitAMga caritra; zrIpAla copAI siddhacakra copAI) (46) dharmadivakRta harizcandra rAjAno rAsa; ajAputra rAsa, vayara svAmIno rAsa (47) padmazrIkRta cArudatta caritra (48) dharmarucikRta ajAputra copAI (49) kaDuAkRta lIlAvatI sumativilAsa rAsa (pI) rAjazIlakRta vikramakhApara carita copAI; amarasena vayarasena copAI (51) jayavijayakRta munipati copAI (52) pAsAgarakRta kyavanA copAI (53) dharmasamudrakRta sumitakumAra rAsa; prabhAkara guNAkara copAI kuladhvajakumAra rAsa, zakuMtalA rAsa, rAtribhojana rAsa (54) devakalazakRta RSidattA copAI (55) kuzaLasaMyamakRta haribaLanorAsa; saMgaThThama maMjarI (56) zubhavardhanaziSyakRta aSADhabhUti rAsa (57) ratnasiMhasUri ziSyakRta bUsvAmI rAsa (58) bhuvanakIrtikRta kalAvatI caritra (59) amIpAlakRta mahIpAlano rAsa (60) saubhAgyasAgarasUriziSyakata caMpakamAlA caritra (61). bhImakRta agaDadara rAsa (6 2) jayanidhAnakRta dharmadatta dhanapati rAsa; surapriya caritarAsa (63) sAdhuratnasUrikRta kyavanA rAsa (64) sevakakRta AdinAtha deva rAsa; RSabhadeva vivAhala, sImaMdhara svAmI zobhA taraMga; ArdrakumAra vivAhalu (65) para + sAhityadarzana

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vijayadevasUrikRta zIla rAsa (6 6) mahIcaMdakRta uttama caritra copAI (67) samaracaMdraziSpakRta zreNika rAsa (6 8) kalyANakRta kRtakarma rAjAdhikAra rAsa (69) kamalamerukRta kalAvatI copAI (70) matisAgarakRta laghu kSetra samAsa copAI; saMgrahaNI rAsa (71) puNyaratnakRta nemirAsa (yAdava rAsa) (72) vinayasamudrakRta ArAmazobhA copAI; mRgAvatI copAI; citrasena padmAvatI rAsa; padmacaritra; rohiNeya rAsa (73) kanakakRta meghakumAra rAsa (74) rAjaratnasUrikRta haribala mAchI copAI (75) bhAvakRta harindra prabaMdha, aMbaDa rAsa. somavimalasUri somavimalasUri I. sa.nA soLamA saikAnA eka pratibhAzALI AcArya hatA. I. sa. 1518mAM temaNe tapagacchanA hemavimalasUri pAse dIkSA lIdhI hatI. somavimalasUrinA ziSya ANaMdasome I. sa. 156 3mAM "somavilAsasUri rAsanI racanA karI che, jemAM somavimalasUrinA jIvana vizenI mAhitI sacavAyelI che. somavimalasUrinuM nAma dIkSA pUrve jasavaMta hatuM ane teo khaMbhAtanA samadhara maMtrInA vaMzaja rUpavaMtanA e putra. emanI mAtAnuM nAma amarAde. zirohImAM paMDitapada, vijApuramAM upAdhyAyapada meLavyA pachI khaMbhAtamAM AcArya padavI somavimalasUrie meLavI hatI ane I. sa. 1581mAM teo kALadharma pAmyA hatA. somavimalasUrie "zreNika rAsa, dhammila rAsa, "caMpaka zreSThI rAsa' ane kSullaka kumAra rAsa' e cAra rAsakRtio uparAMta "kumAragirimaMDaLa' "zrI zAMtinAtha stavana', 'dasa dRSTAMtanAM gIto', paTTAvali sakjhAya', "casimAM zabdanA 101 arthanI sajhAya' ityAdi padyakRtionI racanA karI che. A uparAMta emaNe gujarAtI gadyamAM 'kalpasUtra bAlAvabodha'nI racanA paNa karI che. zreNikarAsa - somavimalasUrie I. sa. 1547mAM kumAragirinagaramAM zreNika rAsanI racanA karI che. enI kartAnA hastAkSaramAM lakhAyelI hastaprata upalabdha che. A rAsanuM apara nAma "samyakatvasAra rAsa' che. cAra khaMDanI 681 kaDImAM kavie A rAsanI racanA karI che. sakala jinezvara, sarasvatI devI ane gautama svAmIne praNAma karIne kavi rAsanI racanAno prAraMbha kare che - sakala jinavara sakala jinavara caraNa vaMdevi. devI zrI sarasatItaNA pAvakamala bahu bhakti juktio, praNamI goyama svAmivara, sugurupAya, kamala stao, zreNika rAjA guNa niluo, buddhi vizAla, racisu rAsa huM tahato. suNIo atihi rasAla. jaina sAhitya aka pa3

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A rAsamAM kavie bhagavAna mahAvIrasvAmI ane gautama gaNadharanA samayamAM vidyamAna dharmapremI rAjA zreNikanA vRttAntanuM Alekhana karyuM che. rAgrahanagarInA. prasenajita rAjAne potAnA putromAM zreNika sauthI vadhu buddhimAna hovAthI vahAlo hato. ane tethI teo potAnI gAdI zreNikane soMpe che. zreNika rAjya kare che. jIvananAM aMtima varSomAM enA putromAMthI ajAtazatru kuNika zreNikane keda karI gAdIe bese che. paraMtu ekavAra kuNikane pazcAttApa thatAM pitAne mukta karavA Ave che. paraMtu kuNika potAne mArI nAkhavA Ave che ema samajI putrane hAthe maravAM karatAM zreNika AtmaghAta kare che. zreNika rAjA bhagavAna mahAvIranA samakAlIna hatA ane bhagavAnanI ghaNI sabhAomAM jaI upadeza sAMbhaLatA ane ghaNI vAra potAne thatA prazno bhagavAnane pUchI samAdhAna meLavatA. dharmila rasa - somavimalasUrie I. sa. 1535mAM khaMbhAtamAM dhamila rAsa' nAmanI rAsakRtinI racanA karI che. emAM dhamila nAmanA zreSThIputranuM kathAnaka varNavavAmAM AvyuM che. dhammila kuzAgrapuranA surendradatta zreSThI ane tenI patnI subhadrAno putra hato. enAM lagna yazomatI nAmanI eka zreSThIputrI sAthe thayAM hatAM. paraMtu dhamilane yauvananA sukhopabhogamAM rasa na hato eTale enAmAM e mATe rasa jAge ethI enI mAtAe ene jugArIonI sobata karAvI, ane tema karatAM e vezyAonI sobate paNa caDyo. mAtApitAnA avasAna pachI dhana hatuM tyAM sudhI yazomatI dhamilane mokalatI rahI. paNa e khalAsa thayuM eTale yazomatI piyara cAlI gaI ane dhammilane vezyAe bahAra kADhyo. ethI dhamilanI AMkha UghaDI. pharI te gRhastha jIvana tarapha vaLyo, pragati sAdhI, bIjI strIo sAthe lagna karyA ane bhogavilAsa bhogavavA lAgyo. paraMtu ethI saMtoSa na thatAM eka vakhata sAdhu pAse dharmopadeza sAMbhaLatAM pharI enAmAM vairAgya jAgyo ane chevaTe eNe cAritrya grahaNa karyuM. jayavaMtasUri mammaTanA "kAvyaprakAza para TIkA lakhanAra saMskRtanA prakhara paMDita kavi jayavaMtasUri I.sa.nA soLamA saikAnA uttarArdhamAM vidyamAna hatA. vaDatapagacchanA dharmaratnasUrinA be mukhya ziSya te vidyAmaMDanasUri ane vinayamaMDana upAdhyAya. I. sa. 1531mAM karmazAhe zatruMjaya tIrthano uddhAra karAvyo tyAre RSabhadeva bhagavAnanI pratiSThA vidyAmaMDanasUrinA haste thaI hatI ane te utsavamAM vinayamaMDana upAdhyAye paNa sAro bhAga lIdho hato. e vinayamaMDananA 54 - sAhityadarzana

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ziSya jayavaMtasUri paNa te samaye vidyamAna hatA. jayavaMtasUrie "zRMgAramaMjarI', RSidattA rAsa," "nemarAjula bAramAsa," "sImaMdharastavana', "sthUlabhadra premavilAsa phAga', sthUlabhadra mohanali', sImaMdharanA caMdraulA', "locanakAjala saMvAda ityAdi kRtionI racanA karI che. jayavaMtasUrinI dIrgha kRtiomAM "zRMgAramaMjarI' ane 'RSidanA rAsa (I. sa. 1587) che. prathama kRtimAM satI zIlavatInA ane bIjImAM satI RSadattAnA caritranuM Alekhana che. "zRMgAramaMjarInI racanA 280 jeTalI kaDImAM che, jyAre RSidarA rAsanI racanA 850 jeTalI kaDImAM thaI che. "zRMgAramaMjarI' kavinI samartha kRti che. kavinuM Alekhana rasika ane chaTAdAra che. prAsAnuprAsAdi zabdAlaMkAra uparanuM kavinuM prabhutva sahaja ane prazasya che. juo : sovina cUDI kari dharI, uravari navasarahAra, khalakati sovina mekhalA, paya aMjhara jhamakAra. veNIdaDa pracaMDa e, jinnu zeSa bhuyaMga, aMga abhaMga anaMganuM nAma suraMga saLaga. pIna payodhara bhAra bhara, kaTi taTi jhaluM laMka, vikasata khaMjana nayaNalAM, ghaNuM jisiha bhUrvaka. (zRMgAramaMjarI) hemaratnasuri pUnama gacchanA devatilakasUrinA ziSya jJAnatilakasUrinA padmarAjagaNinA ziSya hemaratnasUrie racelI pAMceka rAsakRtio upalabdha che, je haju aprasiddha che. teo I.sa.nA soLamAM zatakanA uttarArdhamAM vidyamAna hatA. emaNe I. sa. 1543mAM pAlInagaramAM "zIlavatI kathA'nI racanA karI che. kathAnA AraMbhamAM kavi lakhe che - pUnima ga7mati guNanIlo zrI vAnatilaka sUrIsa. jasa payapaMkya sevatAM pUjya sayamala jagIsa, tasa paya paMkaja sUra sama zrI hemaratana sUrada sIla kathA taNie kahI tamo jA ravicaMda. hemaratnasUrie e ja varSe lIlAvatI' nAmanI bIjI eka rAsakRtinI racanA karI che. tyAra pachI I.sa. 1580) emaNe "mahIpAla copAI'nI racanA 696 jeTalI kaDImAM karI che. I.sa. 1591mAM emaNe "gorA bAdala kathA' (apara nAma padamaNI copAI)nI racanA sAdaDI nagaramAM karI che. A kRti 917 jeTalI kaDImAM lakhAyelI che. kathAnI phalazruti varNavatAM kavi lakhe che : jaina sAhitya - 55 !

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gorA bAdalanI e kathA, kahI suMNI paraMparA yathA, sAMbhaLatAM manavaMchita phle, roga soga dUSa dohaga Tale. sAMma dharama sA purasA hoI, sIla daDha phulavaMtI joI, hiMdu dhama sata paramANa, vAgA sujasa taNA nisAMNa. zrI hemaratnasUrie "sItAcaritra' nAmanI paNa eka kRtinI racanA karI che. jemAM jaina paraMparAnusArI rAmasItAnI kathAnuM sAta sargamAM Alekhana karavAmAM AvyuM che. copAI, duhA ane judI judI dezIonI DhAlamAM A kRti lakhAyelI che. trIjA sargane aMte kavi jaina rAmAyaNa "padmacaritra' paumacariya)no nirdeza kare che - padamAja vAcaka sukhasAI, padmacaritra grahI manamAMhi hemasUri ima japaI vAta, trIjA saraga taNo avAta. mahIrAja kavi mahIrAjanI atyAra sudhImAM mAtra eka ja kRti upalabdha che ane te emanA potAnA hastAkSaramAM lakhAyelI nala-devadatI rAsa. enI racanA kavie I. sa. 1556mAM karI che. duhA, copAI ane judI judI DhALAnI badhI maLIne sADAbAraso kaDImAM kavie karelI A racanAmAM kathAvikAsa pramANe khaMDa pADavAmAM AvyA nathI. rAsanI zarUAta kavie nala-davadaMtInA pUrvabhavanA prasaMgothI karI che. kathAvRttAnta mATe kavie hemacaMdrAcAryanA 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra'no ane devaprabhasUrinA pAMDavacaritra'no AdhAra lIdhelo jaNAya che. kavie prasaMgAlekhana, pAtrAlekhana, prakRtivarNana ane dAnazIlAdinA mahimAnA varNanamAM nala-devadatI vize rAsakRtinI racanA karanArA potAnA purogAmI kavio karatAM vizeSa zakti dAkhavI che, joke keTaleka sthaLe RSivardhana jevA kavinI A rAsa upara paDelI chAyA paNa joI zakAya che. alabatta, bIjI bAju keTaleka sthaLe kavinI svataMtra ane maulika kalpanAzakti paNa joI zakAya che. prasaMge prasaMge anukULatA pramANe daSTAMto ane subhASitonA prakAranI paMktio paNa kavie vacce prayojI che je ekaMdare rAsanI guNavattAmAM umero kare che. kuzaLalAbha vAcaka kuzaLalAbha I.sa.nA soLamA saikAnA uttarArdhamAM vidyamAna hatA. emaNe potAnI kRtiomAM potAnI guruparaMparAno thoDoka nirdeza karyo che. "tejasAra rAsa'mAM ane "agaDadatta rAsa'mAM teo potAnA guru abhayadharma upAdhyAyano ullekha kare che. kuzaLalAbha kharataragacchanA jinacaMdrasUrinI paraMparAnA hatA ane rAjasthAna tarapha temano vihAra vizeSa rahelo jaNAya che. emaNe potAnI be mahattvanI rAkRtionuM pa6 ka sAhityadarzana

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sarjana rAjasthAnamAM jesalameramAM karyuM hatuM. temaNe khaMbhAtanA sthaMbhanaka pArzvanAthanI ane pArakaranA goDI pArzvanAthanI jAtrA karI hatI. kuzaLalAbhe racelo navakAra maMtrano chaMda' Aje paNa jenomAM gavAya che. kavi kuzaLalAbhe racelI ane hAla upalabdha kRtio A pramANe che: (1) mAdhavAnala copAI (I.sa. 156O), (2) mAruDholAnI copAI (I.sa. 1561), (3) jinarakSita jinapAlita saMdhi (1pa6 5), (4) tejasAra rAsa (I.sa. 156 8), (5) agaDadatta rAsa (I.sa. 1569), (6) staMbhana pArzvanAtha stavana, (7) goDI pArzvanAtha stavana (2) navakAra maMtrano chaMda. mAdhavAnala copAI - mAdhavAnalakAmakaMdalA copAI (athavA mAdhavAnala prabaMdha)nI racanA kavi kuzaLalAbhe I.sa. 1560 vi.saM. 1616)mAM phAgaNa suda 13ne ravivAre jesalameramAM karI hatI. temaNe jesalameranA mahArAjA yAdava rAula zrI mAladevanA pATavI kuMvara rAjA harirAjanA kutUhala arthe A kRtinI racanA karI hatI evo nirdeza emAM karyo che - rAula mAla supAda dhara, kUyara zrI harirAja, viracyA eha siNagAra rasa, tArA kutUhala kAja. saMvata sola solotaraI, jesalamera mAri, phAgaNa sudi terAmi divase, viracI Aditi vAri, gAhA dUhA ne cupaI, kavita kathA saMbaMdha, kAmakaMdalA kAminI, mAdhavAnala prabaMdha. kavi jaNAve che te pramANe duhA ane copAImAM pote A kRtinI racanA karI che ane emAM copAInI kaDIo ja savizeSa che. emAM vacce vacce saMskRta zloka paNa mUkavAmAM AvyA che, ane prAkRta gAthAo paNa ApavAmAM AvI che. 666 kaDInI A kRtine kavie ivaNi ke kaDavaka ityAdimAM vibhakta karI nathI. tema ja temAM copAI uparAMta bhinna bhinna dezInI DhALo paNa prayojavAmAM AvI nathI. mAdhavAnala ane kAmakaMdalAnI kathAnAM mULa lokakathAmAM rahelAM che ane kuzaLalAbhe paNa Itara keTalAka jaina kavionI jema lokakathAmAMthI kathAnaka pasaMda karI potAnI A kRtinI racanA karI che. A abhutarasika kathAmAM mAdhava ane kAmakaMDalAnA prema ane virahanA prasaMgomAM kavie zRMgArarasanuM paNa sAruM nirUpaNa karyuM che. kavinI A kRtine emanA purogAmI kAyastha kavi gaNapatie I.sa. 1518mAM ATha sargamAM duhAnI 2500 kaDImAM racela "mAdhavAnalakAmakaMDalAdompaka sAthe sarakhAvavA jevI jaina sAhitya 57

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mAra-DholAnI copAI - A kRtinI racanA kavi kuzaLalAbhe jesalameramAM karI hatI. "mAdhavAnalakAmakaMdalA copAInI racanA emaNe jesalameranA mAladevanA pATavIkuMvara rAjA harirAjanA kutUhala arthe karI hatI te ja rIte jesalameramAM ja te pachInA varSe, I.sa. 1561mAM harirAjanI vinaMtIthI "mAru-DholAnI copAInI racanA karI hatI. mAdhavAnala copAInI kathAnI jema mAru-DholAnI kathA paNa kavie lokakathAmAMthI lIdhelI che. rAjasthAnamAM mAruDholAnI kathA e samaye vizeSa lokapriya hatI. duhA ane copAInI kaDIomAM racAyelI A kRtimAM vacce vacce 'vAtamAM, gadyakaMDikAo ApavAmAM AvI che, je pUrvakAlIna rAsAomAMnA "vastunI kaDikAo karatAM moTI che. puMgala nagarInA rAjA piMgala ane enI rANI umAdevaDInI putrI mAruvaNInAM nAnI uMmaramAM lagna nalavaragaDhanA rAjAnA putra sAlpakumAra sAthe thAya che. sAkumArane enI mAtA DholA' kahIne bolAve che. Dholo moTo thAya che, paraMtu mAruvaNI haju nAnI hovAthI enAM mAtApitA ene sAsare mokalatAM nathI. daramyAna Dholo mAlavaNI nAmanI bIjI kanyAne paraNe che. mAruvaNI yauvanamAM AvatAM DholA mATe jhUre che ane saMdezAo mokalAve che, paraMtu mAlavaNI e saMdAzAo DholAne maLatA aTakAve che. chevaTe DholAne saMdezo maLe che. te mAruvaNInA nagaramAM jAya che ane ene maLe che. pAchA pharatAM mAruvaNIne sApa karaDe che. paraMtu koI yogI ene sajIvana kare che. Ama chevaTe Dholo mAravaNI ane mAlavaNI baMne sAthe saMpathI rahe che ane sukha bhogave che. kavie sAtaso gAthA pramANe A kRtimAM zRMgAra ane addabhuta rasathI sabhara kathAnuM nirUpaNa karyuM che. kavie kathAnuM samApana lokakathAmAM Ave che te ja rIte karyuM che, eTale ke dharmopadezanI daSTithI ene laMbAvI nathI ane DholA-mArune dIkSA letAM batAvyAM nathI. harakalaza kharatara gacchanA devatilaka upAdhyAyanA ziSya harSaprabhanA ziSya hIrakalaza I.sa. nA soLamA zatakanA uttarArdha ane sattaramA zatakanA pUrvArdhamAM vidyamAna hatA. teono vihAra ghaNuMkharuM rAjasthAna tarapha rahelo hato, ema emanI kRtionAM racanAsthaLa jotAM jaNAya che. emaNe I.sa. 1558mAM nAgoranagaramAM, 'ArAdhanA copAI', I.sa. 1560mAM "aDhAra nAtarAMnI sajhAya', I.sa. 156 1mAM kanakapurImAM kumatividhvaMsana copAI', I.sa. 156 2mAM bikAneramAM "munipaticaritra copAI', I.sa. 156 6mAM rAjaladesaramAM "supana sajhAya", I.sa. 156 8mAM savAlakha dezamAM "samyakatva kaumudI rAsa," I.sa. 1576mAM vAsaDe nagaramAM jaMbUcopAI', I.sa. 1587mAM bikAneramAM "jIbhadAMta saMvAda ATalI kRtionI racanA karelI maLe che, pa8 sAhityadarzana

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je haju aprakAzita che. kavi hIrakalaza jyotiSanA paNa sArA jANakAra hatA ane emanI "jyotiSasAra' nAmanI padyamAM racelI eka kRti paNa maLe che. emanI rAsa sajhAI ItyAdi kRtiomAM kyAreka kRtinI racanAtAla uparAMta mAsa-tithinI sAthe nakSatrano paNa ullekha thayelo hoya che. vaLI, kavi potAnI keTalIka kRtiomAM potAnI guruparaMparA suprasiddha dAdAguru zrI jinacaMdrasUrithI nAmollekho sAthe darzAve che. kavinI kRtiomAM 693 kaDImAM racAyelI "samyakatva kaumudI rAsa', 83 kaDImAM racAyelI "ArAdhanA copAI' tathA kumatividhvaMza copAImAM kathAnirUpaNa karatAM tattvacarcA vizeSa thayelI che. kavinI sudIrgha kRti te siMhAsanabatrIsI' che, je be hajAra karatAM vadhu kaDImAM lakhAyelI che. vAcaka nayasuMdara I.sa.nA soLamA saikAnA uttarArdhamAM thaI gayelA jaina kaviomAM vAcaka nayasuMdara eka samartha kavi che. teo vaDatapagacchanI paraMparAmAM zrI dhanaratnasUrinA be ziSyo bhAnumeru upAdhyAya ane vAcaka mANikyaratna e be paikI bhAnumerunA ziSya hatA. teo mANikyaratnanA laghu baMdhu hatA evo pote potAnI rAsakRtiomAM ullekha karyo che. nayasuMdaranI eka ziSyA te sAdhvI zrI hemazrI - jemaNe "kanakAvatI AkhyAna' nAmanI rAsakRtinI racanA karI che. jaina sAdhvIomAM hemazrI eka virala kavayitrI che. kavi nayasuMdara paMDitakavi hatA. teo saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, phArasI ityAdi bhASAonA paNa sArA jANakAra hatA. emaNe kAvyazAstrano paNa sAro abhyAsa karyo haze ema emanI kRtio parathI joI zakAya che. kavi nayasuMdaranI kRtio A pramANe upalabdha che: (1) yazodharanRpa copAI (I.sa. 156 2), (2) rUpacaMdakuMvara rAsa (I.sa. 1581), (3) zatruMjayamaMDana tIrthoddhAra rAsa (I. sa. 1582). (4) prabhAvatI rAsa (I.sa. 1584), (5) surasuMdarI rAsa (I. sa. 1590), (6) naLadamayaMtI rAsa (I. sa. 1609), (7) giranAra uddhAra rAsa, (8) zIlarakSA prakAza rAsa (I. sa. 16 13), (9) Atmapratibodha, (10) zaMkhezvara pArzvanAtha stavana, (11) zAMtinAtha stavana, kavinI A kRtiomAM 'naLadamayaMtI rAsa" ane "rUpacaMdakuMvara rAsa' emanI samartha kRtio che. naLadamayaMtI rAsa - kavi nayasuMdaranI rAsakRti 'naLadamayaMtI rAsa' e viSayanI jaina paraMparAnI anya rAkRtio karatAM judI ja bhAta paDe che. kavie I. sa. 1609mAM karelI A rAsanI racanA mANikyadevasUrinA saMskRta mahAkAvya nalAyana'no AdhAra laIne karI che. jaina paraMparAmAM 'nalAyana' mahAkAvya eka jaina sAhitya 59

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vilakSaNa kRti che, kAraNa ke emAM mahAbhAratanI ane jaina paraMparAnI kathAnA samanvayano prayAsa thayo che. daza skaMdhanA 99 sarganA 4050 zlokamAM lakhAyelA A mahAkAvyane kavi nayasuMdare soLa prastAvanI lagabhaga 2400 kaDImAM utAryuM che. ethI dekhItI rIte ja mULa kRtinA zabdazaH anuvAdane A rAsamAM avakAza nathI. keTaleka sthaLe nayasuMdare mULanA prasaMga jatA karyA che, to keTaleka sthaLe kalpanAno vistAra karyo che, to koIka sthaLe potAnI kalpanA pramANe umerA paNa karyA che. dA.ta. "nalAyana' mahAkAvyamAM koI eka pathika naLarAjA pAse AvI daDAkArazyanI utpattinI vAta kare che, paraMtu nayasuMdare e prasaMga choDI dIdho che. naLanI virahAvasthAnuM varNana "nalAyana'kAre A sthaLe eka zlokamAM pataMgiyuM. bhamaro, hAthI vagerenAM udAharaNa ApI karyuM che, to nayasuMdare te mATe ATha kaDI prayojI che, juo - e madana raMge mohiyA, prANI tyaje nija prANa, je paMDitA guNamaMDitA kSaNa thAya teha ajANa, paDatAM re amadAjALamAM jaLataMtu ne ziMgALA, ati pIvarA je dhIvarA, tevuM paDe tatakALa, idri ekekI mokaLe, prANI lahe duHkha dekhi, AlAna baMdhani jaga paDyo, lolupI saparza vizeSa. ima eka Acaya, viSaya deya paMcatva, 'pAMce paragaTa paravaze, kima sukhe rahezo sattva. haMsa naLanI kIrtinuM varNana kare che te prasaMganuM nirUpaNa karatAM kavi nayasuMdara potAnI kalpanA pramANe umero kare che. bAreka kaDImAM karelA e varNanamAMthI thoDIka paMkti juo : tava karati kanyA jagamAMhI, rAjana khela kare ucchahi, krIDA bhUmi himAcala karyA, pUrNacandra kaMduka kara dharyA, khaDobali khIrodhAdi tAsa, zikyA diggaja daMtanivAsa, oDhaNi suragaMgA zazimukhI, godevI tehanI priya sakhI. e ja haMsa damayaMtI AgaLa naLanI kIrtinI prazaMsA kare che te prasaMganA nirUpaNamAM kavinI ucca kavitvazaktinI ApaNane pratIti thAya che - nirmaLa naLa-kIratinI tulA nAvi zazi saMpUraNa kalA te bhaNI mRga kalaMka so vahI, e upamA kAraNa kavi kahi, nalanRpa zatrutaNA AvAsa, paDyA bhUmi teNe ugyA ghAsa, te carivA mRga Ave soI, to zazi nalakarati sama hoya. 60 - sAhityadarzana

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ekaMdare saMkSipta bhAvAnuvAda tarIke vicArIe to bANabhaTTanI kAdaMbarInA bhAlaNe karelA anuvAdanI yAda apAve evo, balake ethI paNa vizeSa samartha A anuvAda che. A rAsamAM nayasuMdaranI potAnI tarI AvatI viziSTatA e che ke emaNe sthaLe sthaLe saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, gujarAtI, hiMdI, phArasI subhASito mUkyAM che, ane emAMnAM keTalAMkano gujarAtI padyAnuvAda paNa Apyo che. e subhASito paNa kavinI vidvattAnI pratIti karAve evAM che. kavi pAse jema ucca anuvAdazakti che tema ucca kavitvazakti paNa che, jenI pratIti Akho rAsa vAMcatAM vAraMvAra thAya che. kavinI vANI anAyAsa, askhalita vahI jAya che. kavi pAse asAdhAraNa bhASAprabhutva che je emanI paMktione saghana banAve che ane ene sAmAnyatAmAM ke binajarUrI vistAramAM sarI paDatI aTakAve che. emanI bhASAmAM ojasa paNa che ane mAdhurya paNa che, ADaMbara che ane zavilAsa paNa che. kavi nayasuMdaranI A rAsakRti ApaNI madhyakAlIna uttama sAhityakRtionI haroLamAM sthAna pAme evI che. rUpacaMdakuMvara rAsa - kavi nayasuMdare vijApura nagaramAM cha khaMDamAM A rAsanI racanA karI che. emAM rUpacaMdakuMvaranuM sthAnaka AlekhAyuM che. ujjayinI nagarImAM rAja karatA rAjA vikramanA rAjyamAM dhanadatta zreSThI ane enI bhAryAM dhanasuMdarIne thayelA cAra putromAM chello putra te rUpacaMda. rUpacaMda bhaNIgaNI moTo thAya che eTale rUpasuMdarI nAmanI kanyA sAthe enAM lagna thAya che. tyAra pachI kanojanagarInA rAjA guNacaMdanI kuMvarI saubhAgyakuMvarIne rUpacaMda pratye AkarSaNa thAya che. baMne ekAMtamAM maLe che, samasyAo dvArA saMketa thAya che ane gAMdharva vivAhathI joDAya che. e vAtanI vikrama rAjAne khabara paDe che. te rUpacaMda pAsethI vAta kaDhAvavAno, judIjudI samasyAono artha jANavAno prayatna kare che. khUba mAre che, paraMtu rUpacaMda kazo ja khulAso ke ekarAra karato nathI. chevaTe rAjA ene zULIe caDAvavAno nirNaya kare che topaNa rUpacaMda makkama rahe che. te samaye pradhAna rAjAne vacana Ape che ane rUpacaMdane mukta karAve che. rUpacaMda pAsethI badhI samasyAonA artha jANavA hoya to vikrama rAjAe potAnI putrI madanamaMjarIne rUpacaMda sAthe paraNAvavI joIe evA pradhAnanA sUcanathI rAjAe te pramANe karyuM. madanamaMjarI potAnI kuzaLatAthI ane premathI rUpacaMda pAsethI badhI mAhitI meLavI rAjAne kahe che, rAjA ethI prasanna thaI saubhAgyasuMdarI sAthe enAM vidhipUrvaka lagna karAve che. Ama traNa patnIo rUpasuMdarI, saubhAgyasuMdarI ane madanamaMjarI sAthe bhogavilAsa bhogavato rUpacaMda, jaina sAhitya 61

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sukhamAM divasonuM nirgamana karato hato. evAmAM ujjayinImAM padhArelA jaina AcArya siddhasenasUrinA upadezanI rAjA upara ghaNI asara paDI. rUpacaMda paNa tyAM upasthita hato. sUrie saMsAranI asAratA, manuSya bhavanI durlabhatA, ajJAnI jIvanAM karmo, mRtyu pAse sarvanI adhInatA ItyAdi para vivecana karI upadeza Apyo. rUpacaMde pUchatAM bIje divase potAnA jyotiSajJAnanA AdhAre ene jaNAvyuM ke enuM AyuSya have mAtra cha mAsanuM che. e sAMbhaLI, vicArI, mAtApitA tathA patnIone samajAvI rUpacaMde siddhasenasUri pAse dIkSA lIdhI. enI sAthe enI patnIoe ane pAMceka vaDIloe paNa dIkSA lIdhI. cha mahinA pUrA thavA AvatAM munivara rUpacaMda saMlekhanA karI, AyuSya pUrNa karI svarge sidhAvyA. kavie A kathAnakane rasika banAvavA varNano, alaMkAro, subhASito ItyAdi uparAMta emAM keTalIka ADakathAo paNa nirUpI che. A kathA kavinI maulika che, paraMtu keTalAMka kathAghaTako kavie bIjethI lIdhelAM jaNAya che. kavie rAsane aMte pote kahyuM che : keto caritra mAMhelo carI, keto kahyo svabuddha karI, ketI vAta suNI te kahI, adhike ochuM khANuM sahI. lokakathAnA prakAranI A kathA hovAthI emAM abhutarasika ghaTanAonuM nirUpaNa thAya e svAbhAvika che. vaLI emAM zRMgArarasanuM nirUpaNa paNa kavie ThIkaThIka karyuM che. tema chatAM kavino Azaya kRtine zAMtaparyavasAyI banAvavAno che e spaSTa che. kavi pote kahe che : prathama zRMgAra rasa thApiyo, cheDo zAMta rasa vyApiyo." kavi nayasuMdarakRta "rUpacaMdakuMvara rAsa' ApaNA samagra rAsa-sAhityanI eka mahattvanI kRti banI rahe che. maMgalamANikya Agama biDAlaMba gacchanA muniratnasUrinI paraMparAnA bhAnubhaTTanA ziSya kavi maMgalamANikya racelI be rAkRtio upalabdha che, je baMne haju aprakAzita che. emaNe I. sa. 1582mAM ujjayinInagarImAM 'vikramarAja ane khApara corano rAsanI racanA karI che. vikrama vize je judI judI gadyakathAo ane rAsa lakhAyelA che teno abhyAsa karI kavie A vIrarasapradhAna kRtinI racanA karI che ema pote nirdeza karyo che : vikrama siMhAsana chaI batrIsa, kathA vaitAlINI paMcavIsa, paMcadaMDa chatranI kathA, vikramacaritra lIlAvaI kathA, 62 ja sAhityadarzana

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pravesaparakAyanI vAta, sIlamatI khAparanI khyAti, vikramaprabaMdha achaI je ghaNA. kahaItA pAra nahIM guNA, Iti umAhu aMgise dharI guru kavi saMta caraNa aNasarI, gadyakathA rAsa uddhara, raciu prabaMdha vIrarasa sAraA rAsanI racanA karyA pachI kavie e ja varSe ujjayinImAM cAturmAsa daramiyAna "aMbaDa kathAnaka copAInI racanA paNa zarU karI dIdhI hatI, je pachInA varSamAM pUrNa karI hatI. "sAta AdezamAM racAyelI bhinna bhinna rasa nirUpatI A rAsakRti kavie potAnA mitra lADajIne saMbhaLAvavA mATe racI hatI, evo pote rAsamAM jude jude sthaLe nirdeza karyo che. mitra lADajI suviA kAjI, vAMcI kathA viDAlaMbI rAjI, kahaI vAcaka maMgalamANikya, aMbaDa kathA rasaI adhikya, te gurukRpA taNo Adeza, pUca sAta hUA Adeza. sakalacaMdra upAdhyAya I. sa. soLamA zatakanA uttarArdhamAM ane sattaramA zatakanA pUrvArdhamAM vidyamAna kavi sakalacaMdra upAdhyAya potAnI kRtiomAM suprasiddha akabara pratibodhaka hIravijayasUrine potAnA guru tarIke oLakhAve che, paraMtu koI vakhata potAne vijayadAnasUrinA ziSya tarIke paNa oLakhAve che. eTale vijayadAnasUri emanA dIkSAguru hovAno saMbhava che. kavi sakalacaMdra upAdhyAye mRgAvatI AkhyAna', vAsupUjya jina puNyaprakAza rAsa', uparAMta "sAdhuvaMdanA', "satarabhedI pUjA', "ekavIsa prakArI pUjA', "bAra bhAvanA', "sajhAya', 'vIra vardhamAna jinavelI', 'gaNadharavAda stavana', "sAdhukalpalatA', "mahAvIra hIMcastavana', "RSabha samatA saralatA stavana', vIrajita stavana', 'kumatidoSa vijJAptikA', "zrI sImaMdhara stavana', 'gautamapRcchA', vavarasvAmI sajhAya', "hIravijayasUri dezanA suravelI', "munizikSA sajhAya', caturvizati stavana', pArzvanAtha stavana' ityAdi ghaNI laghu kRtionI racanA karI che. kavinI moTI kRtiomAM ceTaka rAjAnI putrI suprasiddha satI mRgAvatInA caritra vizenI kRti "mRgAvatI AkhyAna' che. duhA, copAI, ane bhinna bhinna dezIonI DhALanI 725 jeTalI kaDImAM lakhAyelI A rAsakRti mATe kavie pote "AkhyAna' zabda prayojelo che. mRgAvatI suratI AkhyAna, zIla rakhopA kAje, satI save nita suyo bhaNyo, hIravijaya gurajaIjI. kavinI A kRti sivAya bIjI kRtio jotAM jaNAya che ke kavie rAsa karatAM jaina sAhitya - 63

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stavana, sakjhAya, pUjA, ItyAdi prakAranI laghu kRtionI racanA vizeSa karI che. kavi pote saMgItanA sArA jANakAra hatA ane A prakAranI laghukRtiomAM saMgItanI jANakArI vizeSa jarUrI hoya che. kavinI bhASAmAM layamAdhurya ane prAsAdikatA joI zakAya che. "ekavIsa prakArI pUjAne aMte kaLazanI paMktio juo : guNiyo thuNiyo re, prabhu cita aMtarameM zuNiyo, traNya bhuvanamAM nahIM tuja tole. te meM manamAM dhariyo re. vIra vardhamAna jinavelimAM AraMbhanI AzAvarI rAganI paMktio juo : naMdanakuM tisalA hulAvaMI pUtaI mohyA iMdAre, tujha guNa lADakaDAnA gAvati, suramarinArinA vRMdA re. sakalacaMdra upAdhyAya saMskRtanA vidvAna paMDita hatA. emaNe saMskRtamAM pratiSThAkalpa' nAmanI kRtinI racanA karI che. emanI gujarAtI kRtiomAM paNa kyAMka kyAMka emaNe saMskRtamAM zloka racIne mUkelA che. sAdhvIzrI hemazrI jaina sAdhukavioe gujarAtI bhASAmAM bAramAthI aDhAramA saikA sudhImAM eTaluM badhuM sAhitya lakheluM che ke e badhuM mudrita thaI prakAzamAM AvatAM paNa ghaNAM varSo lAgaze. jaina sAdhuonA pramANamAM sAdhvIonI kRtio khAsa jovA maLatI nathI. I. sa.nA soLamA saikAnA aMtabhAgamAM racAyelI eka kRti jovA maLe che ane te che sAdhvI zrI hemazrIkRta 'kanakAvatI AkhyAna'. vaDatapagacchanA dhanyaratnasUrinA ziSya suprasiddha kavivara nayasuMdaranI ziSyA te sAdhvI zrI hemazrIe I. sa. 1588mAM A kRtinI racanA karelI che. vRdha tapAgaccha maMDana dinakara, zrI dhanaratna sUrIrAya, amararatna sUri pATapaTodhara, bhAnumeru ziSya kahevAya, guNagaNadhara maMDita vaIrAgI, nayasuMdara raSirAya, vAcaka mAMhi mukhya bhaNIjai, tasa sikvataNI guNa gAya, kathAmAMhaI kahaI rasAlu kanakAvatI saMbaMdha, kanakAvatI AkhyAna racau maI, sUaNAM sarasa saMbaMdha. 36 7 jeTalI kaDImAM racAyelI AkhyAna nAmanI A rAsakRtimAM kavayitrIe sarasvatI devI ane jinezvara bhagavAnane namaskAra karI kanakAvatInA vRttAntanuM nirUpaNa karyuM che. A kRti haju aprasiddha che. rAjaputrI kanakAvatIne mAthe bAlyakALathI ja kevAM kevAM saMkaTo AvI paDe che, eka rAjaputra ajitasenano ene kevI rIte meLApa thAya che, baMne kevI rIte vikhUTAM paDe che ane pharI pAchAM maLe che, ane aneka varSa 64 ke sAhityadarzana

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rAja bhogavI dIkSA le che e kathAnuM adbhutarasika Alekhana A rAsamAM karavAmAM AvyuM che. mAladeva I. sa.nA soLamA saikAnA aMtamAM mAladeva nAmanA samartha kavi thaI gayA. vaDagacchanA puNyaprabhasUrinA ziSya bhAvadevasUrinA e ziSya hatA. kavi RSabhadAse potAnA purogAmI vidvAna kavionA karelA nAmollekhamAM mAladevano paNa nirdeza che. mAladeve rAsa, phAgu, prabaMdha ityAdi prakAranI kRtionI racanA karI che. mAladeva ane emanA guruno vihAra siMdha, paMjAba ane rAjasthAnamAM vizeSa rahelo jaNAya che. mAladevanI kRtiomAM atyAre upalabdha che : (1) puraMdarakumAra copAI, (2) bhojaprabaMdha (3) vikramacaritra paMcadaMDakathA, (4) devadatta copAI, (5) agnitha copAI, (6) surasuMdarI copAI, (7) vIrAMgada copAI, (8) mAladeva zikSA copAI, (9) sthUlibhadra phAga, (10) rAjula-neminAtha dhamAla ane (11) zIlabatrIsI. AmAMnI ghaNIkharI kRtio haju aprasiddha rahI che. mAladevanI kRtio kadamAM moTI che. enI bhojaprabaMdha' ane 'vikramacaritra paMcadaMDakathA' nAmanI kRtio to lagabhaga paMdaraso karatAMye vadhu kaDImAM lakhAyelI che ane devadatta copAI', 'vIrAMgada copAI' ityAdi kRtio pAMcaso karatAM paNa vadhu kaDImAM lakhAyelI che. mAladeva pAse kathA-nirUpaNanI sArI zakti jaNAya che. vaLI upamA ane dRSTAMta teo vAraMvAra prayoje che eTale emanI vANI paNa alaMkRta bane che. duhA soraThAmAM prayojelI emanI keTalIka paMktio to subhASita jevI banI gaI che. jayaraMga kavie saM. 1721mAM potAnA kyavanA rAsa'mAM mAladevanI paMktio TAMkI che, je mAladevanI paMktionI lokapriyatA darzAve che. mAladevanI e prakAranI paMktionAM thoDAM udAharaNo juo : prIti nahi jobana vinA, dhana binu nAhIM ghATa, mAla dharma binu sukhu nahIM, guru binu nAhIM vATa. muo suta khiNa ika dahe, vinu jAyo kuti teu, dahe janma lagu muDha suta, sau dukha sahIi teu. puraMdarakumAra copAI) guNasamudra sadguru vinA, ziSya na jANaI marma, binu dIpaki aMdhAra mahi, kari sakriya kiuM karma. vikramacarita paMcadaMDakathA) (bhojaprabaMdha) varata bhalI jaI ApaNI, grAhaka tau gu houM, khoTau nANau Apau, tau tasa laI na koI. devadatta copAI) jaina sAhitya 65

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pasuMdara livaMdaNikagacchanA mANikyasuMdaranA ziSya padmasuMdara upAdhyAya I.sa. soLamA zatakanA uttarArdhamAM vidyamAna hatA. emaNe keTalIka rAkRtionI racanA karelI maLe che. I. sa. 1586thI I. sa. 1591 sudhIno emano racanAkALa, upalabdha kRtione AdhAre, manAya che. emaNe "zrIsAra copAI (I. sa. 1586), 'zrIpAla copAI' (I. sa. 1588), "ratnamAlA rAsa (I. sa. 1588), kathAgUDa copAI (I. sa. 1588), IzAnacaMdra vijayA copAI I. sa. 1588) ane zrIdata copAI' (I. sa. 1588)nI racanA karI che. A badhI kRtio emaNe tAraMgAjI tIrthanI pAse AvelA cADA nAmanA gAmamAM karI che evo te dareka kRtimAM nirdeza che. zrIsAra copAInI racanA karyA pachI bIjI pAMce rAsakRtionI racanA emaNe eka ja varSamAM I. sa. 1588mAM karI che. eTale A kavie A pachI paNa bIjI ghaNI kRtionI racanA karI hovAno saMbhava che, je kAM to lupta thaI hoya athavA vaNanoMdhAyelI kyAMka rahI hoya. guNavinaya khataragacchanA kSetrazAkhAnA jayasoma upAdhyAyanA ziSya kavi guNavinaya saMskRtanA vidvAna paMDita ane samartha IkAkAra hatA. emaNe gujarAtImAM paNa saMkhyAbaMdha kRtionI racanA karI che. karmacaMdra vaMzAvalI prabaMdha', "aMjanAsuMdarI prabaMdha', "guNasuMdarI copAI', 'kyavanA copAI', "RSidattA copAI', "jIvasvarUpa copAI', 'naLa-damayaMtI prabaMdha', jaMbUrAsa', 'kalAvatI copAI', praznottara mAlikA', dhanAzAlibhadra copAI', "bhUladevakumAra copAI', "agaDadatta rAsa', "lpakamatatamodinakara copAI', "tapAekAvana bola copAI', raMja jinastavana', "dumuha pratyeka buddha copAI', "gurupaTTAvalI', bAta joDI', "zatruMjaya caityaparipATI stavana', aMcalamata svarUpa varNana', ItyAdi emanI kRtio upalabdha che. kavie ghaNIkharI kRtiomAM potAnI guru paraMparA suprasiddha yugapradhAna AcArya jinacaMdrasUrithI jaNAvI che, ane ghaNIkharI kRtiomAM enI racanAsAlano nirdeza paNa karyo che. I. sa. 1590mAM zatruMjaya caityaparipATI stavananI racanA karI tyArathI I. sa. 16 21mAM lupaka-mata-tamo-dinakara copAInI racanA karI teTalA gALAmAM ekavIsa jeTalI gujarAtI ane bAreka jeTalI saMskRtamAM emaNe racanA karI che. - I. sa.nA soLamA saikAnA uttarArdhamAM A uparAMta bIjA saMkhyAbaMdha jaina kavioe rAsa, phAgu, prabaMdha, stavana, sajhAya, pUjA ityAdi kRtionI racanA karI che, jemAMnI ghaNIkharI haju aprasiddha rahI che. evI kRtiomAMnI keTalIka 66 sAhityadarzana

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mahattvanI nIce pramANe che : - (1) sumati munikRta agaDadatta rAsa, (2) darzana kavikRta caMdrAyaNo rAsa, (3) gARSikRta vicAramaMjarI (4) puyasAgarakRta subAhu saMdhi, (5) vimalacaritrakRta rAjasiMha rAsa, (6) rAjapALakRta jaMbUkumAra rAsa, (7) harSavimalakRta bAsvata sajhAya (8) pramodazIlakata zrI sImaMdhara jinastotra; vIrasenA sakjhAya; khaMdhasUri sajhAya (9) sahajaratnakRta vairAgyavinati, virahamAna stavana (10) devaguptasUriziSyakata amara mitrAnaMda rAsa (11) hemarAjakRta dhanArAsa (12)prItivijaya kRta bAvrata rAsa (13) harSarAjakRta surasena rAsa (1) lAvaNyakIrtikRta rAmakRSNa copAI gajasukamAla rAsa (15) vinayasAgarakRta somacaMda rAjAnI copAI; citrasena padmAvatI rAsa (16) mAkRta kIrtidhara sukosala prabaMdha (17) sAdhukArtikRta satarabhedI pUjA; ASADhabhUti prabaMdha (18) devazIlakata vetAla paMcavasI rAsa (19) ANaMdasomakRta somavimalasUrirAsa (20) bhIma bhAvasArakRta zreNika rAsa; nAgadattano rAsa (21) sumatikIrtisUrikRta dharmaparIkSA; dharmadhyAna rAsa (22) ratnasuMdarakRta paMcopAkhyAna catuSyadi (23) puNyaratnakRta nemi rAsa; yAdava rAsa, sanatakumAra rAsa (24) bhAvaratnakRta kanaka zreSThIno rAsa (25) kanakasomakRta ArdrakumAra copAI; maMgalakalaza copAI (26) hIrakuzalakata, kumArapAla rAsa (27) dharmaratnakRta vijya copAI (28) vaccharAjakata samyakatva kaumudI rAsa, nItizAstra paMcAkhyAna (29) kalyANadevakRta devarAja vaccharAja copAI (30) vijayazekharakRta ratnakumAra rAsa; yazobhadra copAI (31) prItivimalakata mRgAMkakumAra padmAvatI copAI (32) dayAkuzalata lAbhodaya rAsa; vijayasiMhasUri rAsa (33) vivekaharSakata hIravijayasUrino rAsa (34) jayacaMdrakRta rasaratna rAsa (35) lalitaprabhakRta caMdarAjAno rAsa (36) matisAgarakRta caMpakasena rAsa (37) kamalazekharakRta navatattva copAI; padyumnakumAra copAI (38) bhAnumaMdiraziSyakRta devakumAra caritra (39) samayadhvajakRta sItA copAI (40) hemarAjakRta dhanArAsa; buddhirAsa (41)megharAjakRta zAntinAtha caritra (42) mallidAsakRta jaMbUsvAmI rAsa (43) raMgavimalakata drupadI copAI (44) bhavAnakRta vaMkacUla rAsa (45) ratna vimalakata dAmanaka rAsa (46) navaratnazidhyakRta pratibodha rAsa (47) harSa sAgarakRta dhanadakumAra rAsa (48) dharmabhUSaNakRta caMpakavatI copAI (49) kamalaharSakRta amarasena vayarasena rAsa; narmadAsuMdarI prabaMdha (50) vinayazekharaskRta yazobhadra copAI (51) siddhi sUrikRta siMhAsana batrIsI; kuladhvajakumAra rAsa ane zivadatta rAsa. jaina sAhitya - 67

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narasiMha pUrvenuM gujarAtI sAhitya gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa eTale lagabhaga AThaso varSanA sAhityano itihAsa. A sudIrgha samayAvadhimAM hajAro graMthonI racanA thaI ane kALanA pravAhamAM seMkaDo graMtho lupta paNa thaI gayA. prAcIna samayanA bIjA ghaNA graMtho paNa kadAca lupta thaI gayA hota, jo bhinna bhinna jaina bhaMDAromAM ane anyatra te hastapratonA. rUpamAM sacavAI rahyA na hota to. e graMthonA astitve sAhitya ane itihAsanA kSetre ghaNo navo prakAza pADyo che, gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa navesarathI lakhavAnI pharaja pADI che ane ApaNI keTalIye pracalita mAnyatAone khoTI TharAvI che. | gujarAtI bhASA ane sAhityano prAraMbha have to cheka IsavIsananA bAramA saikAthI eTale ke kalikAlasarvajJa hemacandrAcAryanA samayathI gaNavAmAM Ave che. kavi narasiMha mahetAnA samaya pUrvenA eTale ke A lagabhaga aDhIso-traNaso varSanA gALAnuM sAhitya paNa ThIka ThIka samRddha che. madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityanA keTalAye cIlAonAM mULa A gALAmAM joI zakAya che. traNacAra kRtionA apavAda sivAya A tamAma sAhitya jaina kavilekhakone hAthe lakhAyeluM che. saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza dvArA gujarAtI bhASA UtarI AvI che. IsavIsananA dasamA saikAmAM pazcima bhAratamAM, gujarAta, rAjasthAna ane mathurAnI AsapAsanA uttara pradezanA vistAramAM je bhASA bolAtI hatI te mathurAnA rAjA zurasenanA nAma parathI zaurasenI apabhraMza tarIke oLakhAtI hatI. emAMthI kALakrame hiMdI, rAjasthAnI ane gujarAtI ema traNa bhASAono vikAsa thayo. dhvanivikAsa, vyAkaraNa, zabdabhaMDoLa, prayogo, sAhityazailI ityAdinI dRSTie temAM svataMtra lakSaNo pragaTa thavA lAgyAM hatAM. solaMkI yugamAM, siddharAja-kumArapALanA samayamAM, A 68 ka sAhityadarzana

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bhASAkIya ane sAhityika parivartana thaI rahyuM hatuM ane e samayanI bolacAlanI prAcIna gujarAtI bhASA bAramI sadInA uttarArdhamAM to sAhityanI bhASA tarIke paNa vaparAvA lAgI hatI. narasiMha mahetAnA samaya pUrvenI A bhASAne ApaNe prAcIna gujarAtI bhASA tarIke oLakhIe chIe. paMdaramA zataka daramiyAna vikaselI ane sattaramA zataka sudhInI bhASA te madhyakAlIna bhUmikAnI gujarAtI bhASA ane sattaramA zatakathI te vartamAna samaya sudhInI bhASA te arvAcIna gujarAtI bhASA. ApaNI AjanI gujarAtI bhASAnA mukAbale narasiMha pUrvenI gujarAtI bhASA keTalI jUnI hatI te keTalAMka udAharaNo u52thI joI zakAze. 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra', yAzraya mahAkAvya', 'vItarAgastotra', yogazAstra', 'abhidhAnaciMtAmaNikoza', 'anekArthasaMgraha", 'nighaMTukoza', 'siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana' ityAdi saMkhyAbaMdha samartha graMthonA prakAMDa praNetA, saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza bhASA upara asAdhAraNa prabhutva dharAvanAra mahAna kavi, kozakAra ane vaiyAkaraNa siddharAja ane kumArapALa e be rAjavIone pratibodha pamADanAra mahAna jainAcArya, solaMkI yuganA saMskAra nirmAtA, 'kalikAlasarvajJa'nuM biruda prApta karanAra gujarAtanA jyotirdhara hemacaMdrAcAryanI janmabhASA gujarAtI nahIM paNa gaurjara apabhraMza hatI, tema chatAM A tejasvI yugavidhAyakano gujarAtI sAhitya u52 parokSa rIte upakA2 ghaNo moTo che. emanI uttaravayamAM ja gujarAtI bhASAnAM svataMtra lakSaNo pragaTa thavA lAgyAM hatAM ane ethI ja koI samartha sAhityakArathI sAhityano itihAsa zarU karavAnI praNAlikA anusAra gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa hemacaMdrAcAryathI itihAsakAro zarU kare che te sarvathA yogya ja che. gujarAtI bhASAno udbhava thayo te pUrvenA taratanA samayamAM bhASAnuM svarUpa kevuM hatuM te hemacaMdrAcAryakRta 'siddhahaima'mAM jovA maLe che. saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza bhASAnA vyAkaraNanI racanA 'siddhahaima-zabdAnuzAsana'nA nAmathI hemacaMdrAcArye karI temAM AThamA adhyAyanA cothA pAdamAM apabhraMza bhASAnA vyAkaraNanA niyamo samajAvavA mATe emaNe ApelA duhAonAM avataraNomAM tatkAlIna bhASAsvarUpa kevuM hatuM te tathA vartamAna arvAcIna gujarAtI bhASAthI e keTaluM juduM paDe che te joI zakAya che. zRMgAra, vIra, hAsya vagere rasanAM udAharaNarUpa sacoTa duhAomAMthI namUnArUpa thoDAka joIe : bhallA huA ju mAriA bahiNI mahAca kaMtu, lajjejja tu vayaMsiahu jai bhaggA gharu eMtu. narasiMha pUrvenuM gujarAtI sAhitya * 69

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(sAruM thayuM, bahena ! ke mArA kaMtha mAryA gayA. jo te bhAgIne ghare AvI gayA hota to sakhIo vacce huM lAjI marata.) vAyasu uDDAvattiae piu TThiu sahasatta, adhdhA valayA mahihi gaya adhdhA phuTTa tatti. (kAgaDAne uDADatI hatI teNe acAnaka piyune Avato joyo. tethI aradhAM baloyAM jamIna para paDI gayAM ane aradhAM taDa daIne phUTI gayAM.) A samaya daramiyAna lakhAyelA sAhityamAMthI keTaluMka prakAzita thayuM che ane ghaNuM haju prakAzita thavAnuM bAkI che. keTaluMka purogAmI paraMparAne anusarIne lakhAyuM che ane keTaluMka navIna rUpa ane zailIe lakhAyuM che, jethI keTalIka navI paraMparAo cAlu thaI che. A samaya daramiyAna rAsa, phAgu, bAramAsI, vivAhalu, mAtRkA, lokavArtA, gadyakathA, bAlAvabodha, auktika vagere prakAranuM sAhitya ApaNane sAMpaDe che. samagra madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityamAM sauthI vadhu prakAranI kRtio lakhAI hoya to te rAsanA prakA2nI che. AthI ja narasiMha pUrvenA samayane 'rAsayuga'nuM nAma ApavAmAM Ave che. rAsa' zabda saMskRta 'rAsaka' zabda parathI Avyo che. chaMdanA eka vizeSa nAma tarIke athavA mAtrAmeLa jAtionA sAmAnya nAma tarIke athavA nartakIo tathA yugalo vaDe khelAtA geya uparUpaka tarIke ema judA judA arthamAM 'rAsa' zabda bhinna bhinna samaye vaparAto Avyo che. rAsanA prakAranuM sAhitya apabhraMza bhASAmAM paNa che. paraMtu gujarAtI bhASAmAM e vividha lAkSaNikatAo sAthe vipula pramANamAM kheDAyuM che. jUnI gujarAtI bhASAmAM rAsano AraMbha TUMkI UrmipradhAna racanAthI thayo. AraMbhanI keTalIka rAsakRtio to pacAsa kaDI jeTalI TUMkI jovA maLe che, paraMtu samaya jatAM emAM vistAra thato gayo. emAM savistara kathAnako vigate AlekhAvA lAgyAM, jene pariNAme pAMca hajArathI paNa vadhu paMktinA rAsa aDhAramA-ogaNIsamA saikAmAM lakhAyelA maLe che. jema jema kRtinA kadano vistAra thato gayo tema tema eka ja baMdhanI sa2La racanAne badale 'bhASA', 'kaDavaka', 'ThavaNi' ityAdi prakAranA nAnA nAnA khaMDamAM vibhakta hoya evI racanAo thavA lAgI. rAsanA prakAranI tamAma kRtio, koIka apavAda sivAya, jaina sAdhukavione hAthe lakhAyelI che. emAM tIrthaMkaro, mahAna sAdhuo, Adarza zrAvako, pavitra tIrthasthaLonAM vRttAnto ke jainazAstromAM ApelI dRSTAntakathAo ityAdinuM nirUpaNa * sAhityadarzana

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karavAmAM AvyuM hoya che. rAsasAhityanuM kathAlaka e rIte ThIka ThIka vaividhya ane vistAravALuM che. A rAsakRtiomAM nirdeza maLe che te pramANe vartuLAkAra nRtya sAthe gAvA mATe rAsakRtionI racanA thatI, ane kyAreka dAMDiyAnA tAla sAthe, to kyAreka tALIonA tAla sAthe gavAtI. jaina sAdhukavione hAthe A prakAranI kRtionI racanA thatI eTale emAM kendrasthAne dharma hoya ane kRtio upadezapradhAna hoya e svAbhAvika che. Ama chatAM keTalAye kavioe potAnI kavipratibhA vaDe kavitAnAM ucca zikharo emAM sara karelAM ApaNe joI zakIe chIe. gujarAtI sAhityanI zarUAta jyArathI gaNavAmAM Ave che tenA thoDA samaya pUrvenI, gaurjara apabhraMza bhASAnAM lakSaNo dAkhavatI eka samartha rAsakRti 'saMdezaka rAsaka' paNa ApaNane sAMpaDI che. eka vaNakaranA putra abdula rahemAna nAmanA eka musalamAna kavinA hAthe lakhAyelI kRti te 'saMdezaka rAsaka' che. kRtinuM nAma sUcave che te pramANe e dUtakAvyanA prakAranI kRti to che, paraMtu emAM virahiNI nAyikA pratyeka RtumAM pote anubhavelI virahavyathAnuM te te RtunA varNana sAthe bayAna kare che tethI te RtukAvyanA prakAranI kRti paNa bane che. vijayanagarano koI yuvAna vepAra mATe khaMbhAtamAM jaIne rahyo che. enI patnI lAMbA samayathI patinA viyoganI vyathA anubhave che. evAmAM sAmoranagarathI nIkaLelo koI pathika vijayanaga2mAM virahiNI nAyikAnA ghara pAsethI pasAra thAya che. nAyikA te samaye lAMbA nisAsA nAkhatI vilApa karI rahI che. yuvatIe pathikane bolAvI pUchyuM tyAre eNe jaNAvyuM ke pote potAnA zeThano patra laI sAmoranagarathI nIkaLI khaMbhAta pahoMcADavA jaI rahyo che. khaMbhAtanuM nAma paDatAM yuvatIe pathikane potAno saMdezo laI javA vinaMtI karI. saMdezAmAM yuvatIe bhinna bhinna chaye RtumAM pote potAnA pati mATe kevI ane keTalI jhUrI rahI che tenuM varNana karyuM. saMdezo laI pathika jAya che ane nAyikA gharamAM pAchI phare che tyAM thoDI ja vA2mAM nAyikAno pati bIjI dizAmAMthI ghera pAcho phare che. AthI nAyikAne khUba AnaMda thAya che, ane kathA nAyaka-nAyikAnA milanamAM pariNamI sukhAnta bane che. A rAsamAM kavie vijyanagara, sAmoranagara ityAdi nagaronuM manohara varNana karyuM che. RtuonA varNana sAthe virahiNI nAyikAnA varNanamAM vipralaMbha zRMgAranuM ane aMte saMbhogazRMgAranuM paNa sacoTa Alekhana thayuM che. kavinuM bhASA, chaMda ane 2sAlaMkAra uparanuM prabhutva dhyAnArha che. hemacaMdrAcAryanA uttarakALamAM, Azare I. sa. 1169mAM lakhAyelI 48 kaDInI narasiMha pUrvenuM gujarAtI sAhitya 71

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eka nAnakaDI racanA maLe che jenuM nAma che "bharatezvara-bAhubali ghora.' enA kartA vajasenasUri che. cAra khaMDamAM vaheMcAyelI, copAI, doharA, roLA ane soraThA e mAtrAmeLa chaMdomAM lakhAyelI A kRtimAM bharata cakravartI ane bAhubalinuM kathAnaka saMkSepamAM varNavavAmAM AvyuM che. hemacaMdrAcAryanA samayamAM apabhraMza bhASAno kALa lagabhaga pUro thavA Avyo hato, eTale e samayanI je kRtimAM gujarAtI bhASAnAM svataMtra lakSaNo dekhAvA lAgyAM hoya te kRtine gujarAtI bhASAnI kRti tarIke oLakhAvI zakAya. te pramANe gujarAtI bhASAmAM lakhAyelI sauthI pahelI kRti te A bharatezvara-bAhubali ghora' che ema gujarAtI sAhityanA itihAsakAro ane saMzodhako svIkAre che. bharatezvara-bAhubali ghora pachInI taratanI kRti te I. sa. 1185mAM lakhAyelI rAsakRti "bharatezvara-bAhubali rAsa che. jyAM sudhI "ghoranI zodha nahotI thaI tyAM sudhI A rAsa te gujarAtI bhASAnI prathama kRti che ema manAtuM hatuM. alabatta, gujarAtImAM lakhAyelA rAsAomAM A pahelo rAsa che. vIrararapradhAna A kRti bhASA tathA rAsanA svarUpanA abhyAsanI dRSTie mahattvanI paNa che. enI racanA zAlibhadrasUrie karelI che. A rAsamAM duhA, soraThA, roLA, copAI jevA mAtrAmeLa chaMda tathA geya dezIo tathA "vANi', "dhAta' ane "vastunI paMktione paMdara khaMDamAM vibhakta karavAmAM AvI che ane te pratyeka khaMDane 'ThavaNi (sthApanikA) evuM nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM che. A rAsamAM bhArata ane bAhubalinI suprasiddha jainakathA varNavavAmAM AvI che. jainonA prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadeva ayodhyAnagarImAM rAjya karatA hatA. emane sunaMdA ane sumaMgalA nAmanI be rANI hatI. sumaMgalAnA putra te bhArata ane sunaMdAnA putra te bAhubali. potAnA pitA RSabhadevane kevaLajJAna utpanna thayAnA samAcAra bharate jyAre jANyA tyAre pote sauthI moTA hovAthI pitAnuM rAjya meLavI cakravartI rAjA thavAnI abhilASA emanAmAM jAgI. bIjA rAjAoe bharatanI ANa svIkArI, paraMtu emanA bhAI bAhubalie ANa svIkAravAnI nA pADI. AthI roSe bharAyelA bharata potAnA bhAInA prANa levA tatpara banyA. bharate potAnA dUtane bAhubali pAse ANa manAvavA mATe mokalyo tyAre bAhubalie javAbamAM kahyuM: jai kiri sIha sIyAliMi khAjai tu bAhubali bhUya-bali bhAjai; ju gAI vAghiNi vAIjaI are, dUta! tu bharata ji jipaI. 7ra A sAhityadarzana

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jo kadI siMha ziyALathI khavAI jAya to ja bAhubalinuM bhujabaLa bhAMge. are dUta! jo gAya vAghaNane khAI jAya to ja bharata jIte.) Avo javAba maLatAM ja bhArata ane bAhubali vacce bhayaMkara yuddha thayuM. baMnenAM sainyo vacce mahinAo sudhI yuddha cAlyuM. tyAra pachI baMne bhAIo paraspara muSTiyuddha para AvI gayA. bhAratanI muSTithI bAhubali kamara sudhI jamInamAM UtarI gayA, paraMtu vIra bAhubalinI muSTithI bharata to kaMTha sudhI jamInamAM UtarI gayA. ethI bharate potAnuM cakra bAhubali tarapha pheMkyuM, paraMtu bAhubalie e potAnA hAthamAM jhIlI lIdhuM. have bAhubali vadhu krodhe bharAyA hatA. emanA hAthamAM cakra AvyuM hatuM te cakra vaDe ja AkhA kuLano vinAza karavAnuM te vicAratA hatA; tyAM bharatanA caherA upara parAbhavano, pazcAttApano tathA viSAdano bhAva dekhAyo. e joI bAhubali tarata samajI gayA. potAnA moTA bhAIne dUbhavavA mATe emane paNa pazcAttApa thayo. emaNe tarata yuddha karavAnuM mAMDI vALI tyAM ne tyAM ja potAnA vALano loca karI pravrajyA dhAraNa karI. emaNe ugra tapazcaryA karI, brAhmI ane suMdarI e baMne bahenonA samajAvavAthI abhimAna paNa choDyuM ane aMte kevaLajJAna prApta karyuM. A kathAnakamAM yuddhanA prasaMganuM Alekhana kavie vIrarasathI sabhara karyuM che. bharata ane bAhubali e baMnenAM pAtrone, vizeSata: bAhubalinA pAtrane kavie sAro uThAva Apyo che. kavinI vANI varNAnuprAsa vagere zabdAlaMkAro ane upamAdi arthAlaMkAro vaDe tejasvI ane rasika banI che. - zAlibhadrasUrie A uparAMta buddhirAsa' nAmano 58 kaDIno eka lokapriya rAsa lakhyo che. jemAM koI kathAnaka varNavavAmAM AvyuM nathI. paraMtu dhamapadeza ApavAmAM Avyo che. A samaya daramiyAna lakhAyelI bIjI rAsakRtiomAM AsagakRta jIvadayArAsa' ane "caMdanabAlArAsa', dharmaphata "jiMbusAmirAsa', pAlDaNakRta nemijinendrarAsa', vijayasenasUrikRta "revaMtagirirAsa', delhaNakRta 'gajasukumAlarAsa', saMgrAmasiMhakRta "sAlibhadracaritra', prajJAtilakasUrikata kachUlIrAsa', aMbadevasUrikata maMgalakalazacarita', vijayabhadrakRta kamalArAsa', zAlibhadrasUrikata paMca pAMDavarAsa', vinayaprabhakata "gautamasvAmIno rAsa', jJAnakuzalakRta 'jinodayasUri paTTAbhiSekarAsa' ityAdi mahattvanI kRtio ApaNane sAMpaDe che, jemAMnI keTalIka haju aprakAzita che. phAga athavA phAgu zabda 'phagu' zabda uparathI athavA saMskRta "phaltha' zabda uparathI Avyo che. "phaltha eTale vasaMtotsava, je kAvyomAM naranArIono narasiMha pUrvenuM gujarAtI sAhitya 73

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vasaMtavihAra varNavavAmAM Avyo hoya te phAgukAvya. Ama phAgune RtukAvyanA eka prakAra tarIke gaNI zakAya. joke svarUpanI dRSTie e rAsanA prakArane maLato prakAra che, paraMtu rAsa karatAM phAgumAM kathAno aMza ghaNo ocho hoya che ane UrmitattvanuM nirUpaNa emAM savizeSa thayeluM hoya che. phAgumAM vasaMtaRtunuM varNana hoya che ane zRMgA22sanA nirUpaNa mATe vasaMtaRtu vadhu anukULa hoya che. ethI phAgukAvyomAM sthAyI bhAva 'rati'nA uddIpana vibhAvanI sAmagrI tarIke suvAsita malayAnila, suMdara vanarAja, raMgaberaMgI puSpo, koyalanA TahukAra, bhamarAonuM guMjana, sarovara ane jalakrIDA, latAmaMDapo ityAdinuM nirUpaNa thayeluM hoya che. madhyakAlamAM rAsanI jema phAguo paNa gavAtA ane ramAtA. prAcIna gujarAtI phAgukRtiomAM atyArasudhImAM maLI AvelI sauthI jUnI kRti te I. sa. 1285nI AsapAsa racAyelI 'jinacaMdrasUrikSagu' che. kharataragacchanA AcArya jinacaMdrasUrinA jIvananA keTalAka prasaMgonuM, vizeSataH emane akSayatRtIyAne divase AcAryanI padavI apAI te prasaMganuM, AlaMkArika rIte A phAgumAM nirUpaNa thayuM che. A phAgunA kartAnuM nAma jANavA maLatuM nathI, paNa jinacaMdrasUrinA koI ziSyanI ja A racanA hovAno saMbhava che. AraMbhakALanuM eka atyaMta mahattvanuM phAjhukAvya te jinapadmasUrie lakheluM 'sithUilibhadrAgu' che. eno racanAkALa nizcitapaNe jANavA maLato nathI. paraMtu jinapadmasUrine I. sa. 1334mAM AcAryapadavI maLI te pachInA ane I. sa. 1334mAM teo kALadharma pAmyA te pahelAMnA gALAmAM A kRtinI racanA thayelI che. A phAgu doharA ane roLAnI badhI maLIne 27 kaDImAM lakhAyeluM che. kavie kAvyane sAta nAnakaDA bhAgamAM vibhakta karyuM che, ane dareka bhAgane 'bhAsa' nAma ApyuM che. kAvyanA nAyaka sAdhu sthUlibhadra kozA nAmanI vezyAne tyAM cAturmAsa rahevA mATe AvIne UbhA rahe che e prasaMgathI phAgunI zarUAta thAya che. sthUlibhadra eka mahAna jaina sAdhu gaNAya che. bhagavAna mahAvIra ane emanA mukhya ziSya gautama svAmInI sAthe sthUlibhadrane paNa prAtaHsmaraNIya gaNavAmAM AvyA che. sAdhu sthUlibhadra pUrvAzramamAM pATalIputranA rAjA naMdanA maMtrI zakaTAlanA putra hatA, pATaliputramAM rahetI kozA nAmanI eka suprasiddha gaNikAnA premamAM teo hatA, ane enA gharamAM ja teo rahetA hatA. e pramANe satata bAra varSa teo tyAM rahyA. sthUlibhadranA nAnA bhAI zrIyake rAjakAraNanI khaTapaTamAM potAnA ja pitA zakaTAlanuM 74 * sAhityadarzana

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khUna karyuM. e joI sthUlibhadranA manamAM vairAgya utpanna thayo. zakaTAlanA mRtyu pachI rAjA naMde sthUlibhadrane pradhAna thavA kahyuM, paraMtu sthUlibhadre e pada na svIkAryuM. kozA pratye paNa emane vairAgya utpanna thayo. pariNAme emaNe saMbhUtivijya nAmanA AcArya pAse dIkSA lIdhI. dIkSA pachI prathama cAturmAsa kozAne tyAM rahevA mATe gurue emane AjJA karI. sthUlibhadra mATe A eka AkarI kasoTI hatI. pUrvAzramanI priyatamA sAthe rAtadivasa rahI sAdhujIvana jIvavAnuM hatuM. sthUlibhadrane AvelA joI kozA khUba prasanna thaI. eNe sthUlibhadrane jItavAno prabaLa prayAsa karyo. paraMtu sthUlibhadra mana, vacana ane kAyAthI potAnA sAdhupaNAmAM aDaga, acala rahyA. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa upadeza ApI emaNe kozAnA jIvanane sudhArI dIdhuM. AvuM duSkara kArya karavA mATe devoe paNa AkAzamAMthI emanA para puSpavRSTi karI. A phAgukAvyamAM vasaMtaRtunuM nahi, paNa kathAprasaMgAnusAra manohara varSARtunuM varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. kavitva ane bhASAprabhutvanI dRSTie kavinI paMktio juo : iimirijharimiri iiiira e mehA siMti, khalahala khalahala khalahala e vAhalA vaheMti; jhabajhaba jhabajhaba jhabajhaba e vIjuliya jhabakaI, tharahara tharahara tharahara e virahiNImajI kaMpai. samagra madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM nAnakaDI chatAM kavitAnA eka uttama namUnA jevI surekha kRti te vasaMtavilAsa' che. phAgukAvyomAM paNa te zreSTha che. jaina bhaMDAramAMthI maLI AvelA 84 kaDInA A phAgukAvyanA kartA vize ke enA racanAsamaya vize tarka ane anumAno ghaNAM thayAM che. paraMtu e vize nizcitapaNe kazuM jANavA maLatuM nathI. I. sa.nI caudamI zatAbdInA AraMbhamAM enI racanA thaI hovAnuM manAya che. sarasvatIne praNAma karIne kavi kAvyano AraMbha kare che, ane pachI tarata vasaMtaRtunuM varNana kare che. vasaMtAgamananI bhUmikA, vanakeli, vanavarNana, virahiNIonI vedanA, bhramarane upAlaMbha ane upasaMhAra ema nAnA nAnA khaMDamAM vaheMcAyeluM joI zakAya che, paraMtu tema karavAmAM kavie eka paNa aMgane zithila banavA dIdhuM nathI. kAvyamAM kavie mAtra vasaMtaRtunuM nahIM, sAthe sAthe vasaMtakrIDAnuM paNa manohara varNana mukta ullAsathI karyuM che. vasaMtaRtunA vaibhavanI yuvAna naranArIo u52, vizeSataH virahiNIonAM citta upara thayelI asaranuM rasika ane narasiMha pUrvenuM gujarAtI sAhitya 75

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sacoTa varNana kavie karyuM che. phAgukAvyamAM kendrasthAne sAmAnya rIte koI nAyakanAyikA hoya che, paraMtu A kAvyamAM kavie koI eka yugmanuM nahIM, paNa aneka yugmanA milananuM varNana karyuM che. emAM vanane anaMgarAyanA nagaranuM ApeluM rUpaka, madanakizore mAninI ane viyoginI strIonA hRdayamAM macAvelA khaLabhaLATanuM varNana tathA vilAsinIoe potAnA priyatamane ApelA upAlaMbhanuM varNana ityAdimAM kavinI rasikatA ane kalpanA vAcakane AkarSI jAya che. A kAvyamAM kavie pratyeka paMktimAM AMtarayamaka ane aMtyayamakanI racanA karI che. emAMthI namUnArUpa thoDI paMktio joIe: mAnini-jana-mana-kSobhana zobhana vAulA vAI, nidhuvana-keli-kalAmiya kAmiya-aMgi suhAI. alijana vasaI anaMta re vasaMta tihAM paradhAna, taruara vAsaniketana ketana kizala saMtAna. zabdAlaMkAro ane upamA, rUpaka, ulTekSA anyokti vagere arthAlaMkArone madhura rIte prayojI, dareka kaDIne lAghavayukta, lAlityayukta, rasadhana ane sacoTa banAvI kavie eka manohara kalAkRtinuM nirmANa karyuM che.. 'vasaMtavilAsa' ApaNA gujarAtI sAhityamAM eka anokhI bhAta pADatuM kAvya A samaya daramiyAna bIjI keTalIka mahattvanI phAgukatio lakhAI che, jemAM rAjazekharakRta 'neminAtha phAgu', halarAjakRta yUlibhadraphAga', "jayasiMhasUrikRta neminAtha phAgu' (be kRtio, prasannacaMdrasUrikRta "rAvaNipArzvanAtha phAgu', koI ajJAta kavikRta "jabUsvAmI phAgu'. merunaMdanavRta 'jIrApallI pArzvanAtha phAgu', "samudharakRta neminAtha phAgu', pavakRta neminAtha phAgu' koI ajJAta kavikRta puruSottama pAMca pAMDavagu'. koI ajJAta kavikRta "bharatezvara cakravartI phugu, samarakRta neminAtha phAgu, somasuMdarasUrikRta 'raMgasAgara nemiphAgu, mANijyacaMdrasUrikRta nemIzvaracaritaphAgu, dhanadevagaNikRta suraMgAbhidha nemiphAga' ityAdine gaNAvI zakAya. bAramAsI e eka prakAranuM RtukAvya che. emAM badalAtI jatI tu pramANe pratyeka mAsanA varNana sAthe nAyaka athavA nAyikAnI virahAvasthAnuM varNana karavAmAM Ave che. e varNana ghaNuMkharuM nAyaka ke nAyikAnA mukhe karAvavAmAM AvyuM hoya che. ethI e vipralaMbha zRMgAranuM kAvya bane che. paraMtu sAmAnya rIte A prakAranAM kAvyomAM aMte nAyaka-nAyikAnuM subhaga milana varNavavAmAM Ave che. 76 sAhityadarzana

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jemAM lagnanI paribhASA prayojIne muni mahArAjanA saMyamarUpI kanyA sAthenA vivAhanuM rUpaka yojavAmAM AvyuM hoya evI kRtio "vivAhalanA prakAra tarIke oLakhAya che. rAsa ane phAgunI jema vivAhalu paNa utsavaprasaMge gavAtA ane ramAtA, somamUrtikRta "jinezvarasUrivivAhaluM', merunaMdakRta jinodayasUri vivAhala' ItyAdi e prakAranI kRtio che. mAtRkA eTale mULAkSaro. emAM "AthI zarU karI pratyeka mULAkSara pramANe paMkti zarU thatI hoya tevI padyaracanA karavAmAM AvatI. keTalIka vAra emAM eka akSara mATe eka kaDInI to keTalIka vAra eka karatAM vadhAre kaDInI racanA thatI. koIka kRtimAM mAtra upadezavacano hoya, to koIkamAM sAthe koI kathA paNa gUMthI levAmAM AvI hoya. je katio "a"ne badale vyaMjana "kathI zarU thatI hoya ane duhAmAM lakhAyelI hoya te kRtio "kakka' kahevAya che. mAtRkAcopAI "saMvegamAtRkA, duhAmAtRkA', dharmamAtRkA' "zAlibhadrakakka" vagere A prakAranI kRtio ApaNane A samayamAM sAMpaDe che. A uparAMta "chappA', "dhavala", "carcarI', chaMda', "kulaka', "stuti', "svAdhyAya ItyAdi vividha prakAranI racanAo paNa A samaya daramiyAna thayelI maLI Ave svataMtra bAramAsIkAvya tarIke jenI racanA karavAmAM AvI hoya evI gujarAtI bhASAnI prathama kRti te vinayacaMdrasUrikata neminAthacatuSpAdikA che. nAyikA rAjula ane enI sakhI vaccenA saMvAdarUpe utkaTa virahanuM manorama Alekhana A bAramAsI kAvyamAM thayuM che. rAjulanAM lagna nemikumAra sAthe nakkI thayAM hoya che, paraMtu lagna mATe jAna sAthe padhArelA nemikumAra lagnano jamaNavAra karavAne mAravA mATe eka vADAmAM pUrelAM pazuone joI lagna karyA vinA ja pAchA phare che. emano viraha anubhavatI rAjula sakhIo pAse potAnI vedanA vyakta kare che. emAM dareka mahine badalAtA jatA prakRtinA vAtAvaraNa sAthe potAnI virahavyathA uttarottara keTalI utkaTa banatI jAya che te rAjula varNave che. bAramAsI kAvyomAM aMte nAyakanAyikAnuM milana thatuM hoya che. jena itihAsa pramANe rAjula aMte dIkSita neminAthane maLe che ane emanA upadezathI dIkSA grahaNa kare che. A rIte A bAramAsInuM paryavasAna zRMgArarasamAM nahIM paNa viraktinA zAMta rasamAM thayuM che. - kavi zrIdhara vyAse 70 kaDImAM lakhelI aitihAsika ghaTanAnuM nirUpaNa karatI kRti "raNamalla chaMda' A samayanA ApaNA sAhityamAM judI ja bhAta pADe che. musalamAna sUbA jhapharakhAne IDara para caDAI karI ane IDaranA rANA raNamalle teno narasiMha pUrvenuM gujarAtI sAhitya 77

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vIratAthI sAmano karI sUbAne harAvyo tenuM nirUpaNa paNa A kRtimAM karavAmAM AvyuM che. jenA nAmathI IDaranA pahADa upara "raNamalla cokI' Aje paNa hayAta che. e IDaranA vIra ane sAhasika rANA raNamalle musalamAna sUbAno moDAsAthI pATaNa jato khajAno lUMTI lIdho. ethI krodhe bharAI jhapharakhAne IDara para caDAI karI. enI pAse sainya ghaNuM moTuM hatuM. jhapharakhAne taLeTInA gAma para caDAI karI lUMTa AdarI, paraMtu tarata ja raNamalla ane enA subhaTo jaLadhodhanI jema gaDha uparathI nIce UtaryA ane musalamAna lazakara upara tUTI paDyA. rajapUtonA prahAro sAme musalamAno TakI na zakyA. emanI hAra thaI. parAjayanI vAta sAMbhaLI jhapharakhAna nAsI chUTyo. ethI rANA raNamallane khUba yaza maLyo ane enI hAka cAre bAju vAgavA lAgI. duhA, copAI, harigIta vagere mAtrAmeLa chaMdamAM lakhAyelA A kAvyamAM kavie AraMbhamAM dasa zloka saMskRtamAM AyAM chaMdamAM lakhelA che. vaLI kavinI bhASA cAraNI DiMgaLanI chAMTavALI che ane emAM kavie arabI, phArasI zabdo ThIka ThIka pramANamAM yojyA che. yuddhanA sajIva varNanamAM kavie vIrarasanuM sacoTa Alekhana karyuM che. kavinI zailI prauDha ane ojasvI che. "DhamaDhamAM DhamaDhamakAra DhaMkara Dhola DholI jaMgiyA ke 'tukakhAra tAra tatAra tejI taralatikakha turaMgamA' jevI zabdAlaMkArayukta paMktio kavinI baLavatI vANIno paricaya karAvI jAya che. AgamakathAo, jAtakakathAo, rAmAyaNa ane mahAbhArata tathA purANonI kathAo uparAMta keTalIye kathAo janasamAjamAM prAcIna samayathI paraMparAthI pracalita banI gaI hatI ke jemAM upadeza karatAM rasika kathAnuM mahattva vizeSa hatuM, guNADhyanI bRhatkathA' uparathI paNa ghaNI kathAo thoDA ke vadhu rUpAMtara sAthe pracalita banI hatI. mukhyatve zRMgAra, vIra ane addabhuta rasanI e vArtAo janamanaraMjananuM moTuM sAdhana banI hatI. evI lokapracalita vArtAone gujarAtI padyamAM utAravAno prayatna ghaNA kavioe karyo che. "kathA', "caritra', prabaMdha', pavADo' ke kyAreka to "rAsa' ke "copAI'nA nAma heThaLa AvI keTalIka lokavArtAonI racanA A samayamAM paNa kivioe karI che. A samayanA jainetara kavi asAIta kRta "haMsAulI hiMsAvalI) paNa eka mahattvanI kRti che. bhavAInA veza lakhanAra, bhavAInA pitA manAtA siddhapuranA vatanI kavi asAIte I. sa. 136 1mAM A kRtinI racanA karI che, cAra khaMDanI kula 470 kaDImAM AlekheluM A kRtinuM kathAvastu kavie lokakathAmAMthI lIdheluM che. madhyakALamAM haMsAvalInI kathA khUba lokapriya hatI. paiThaNano rAjA naravAhana svapnamAM kanakApura pATaNanA rAjA kanakabhramanI kuMvarI 78 sAhityadarzana

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haMsAvalI sAthe lagna kare che. ethI naravAhanane haMsAvalI mATe tAlAvelI lAge che. eno pradhAna manakesara haMsAvalI sAthe lagna karAvI ApavAnuM rAjAne vacana Ape che. samudranI pele pAra AvelA kanakApurImAM haMsAvalI pAse jaI, puruSo pratyenA enA dveSanuM kAraNa jANI, yuktithI te dUra karI, pUrva bhavamAM haMsAvalI jyAre paMkhiNI hatI tyAre eno paMkhI pati je hato te naravAhana rAjA che ema samajAvIne maMtrI haMsAvalInAM naravAhana sAthe lagna karAvI Ape che. haMsAvalIne be putra thAya che : haMsa ane vastra. putro yuvAna thatAM emanA pratye kAmAtura thayelI aparamAtA rANI lIlAvatI potAnA e hetumAM niSphaLa jatAM rAjAne bhaMbherI baMne putrone dehAMtadaMDanI sajA apAve che, paraMtu pradhAna manakesara baMne putrone gupta rIte bacAvI le che. vanamAM gayelA baMne bhAIo chUTA paDI jAya che, keTalAMka kaSTa bhogave che ane ghaNAM parAkramo karI, samRddha thaI chevaTe paiThaNa pAchA phare che. Ama 'haMsAulI'mAM naravAhana ane hasAvalInI ane emanA putro haMsa ane vatsanI kathA nirUpAI che. hAsya, karuNa ane abhuta rasanA prasaMgonA nirUpaNa vaDe kathA rasika banI che. mAtrAmeLa chaMdamAM lakhAyelI A kRtimAM kavie vacce karuNarasanAM traNa gIto paNa mUkyAM che. kavi bhImakRta "sadayavatsavIra prabaMdhamAM sadevaMta-sAvaliMgAnI addabhutarasika praNayakathA nirUpAyelI che. duhA, soraThA, copAI, chappaya, kuMDaLiyA, cAmara, motIdAma ItyAdi mAtrAmeLa ane akSarameLa chaMdonI lagabhaga 730 kaDImAM A lokapriya kathAvastunuM Alekhana kavie karyuM che. vacce vacce prasaMgAnusAra gIto paNa kavie prayojyAM che. sadayavatsavIra prabaMdhamAM sadayavatsanA prema ane parAkramanA prasaMgo guMthIne kivie kAvyamAM zRMgAra, vIra ane abhuta rasa vahAvyo che. sadayava ujjayinInA rAjA prabhuvatsano parAkramI paNa dhUtano vyasanI putra hato. svayaMvaramAM jaI rAjA zAlivAhananI putrI sAvaliMgAne e paraNI lAvyo hato. rAjyanA madonmatta banelA jayamaMgala nAmanA hAthIno vadha karI eNe eka sagarbhA bAhmaNIne bacAvI lIdhI hatI. sadayavatsa udAra hato ane ethI rAjAnA kapaNa maMtrI sAthe ene aNabanAva hato. maMtrInI bhaMbheraNIthI rAjAe sadayavatsane rAjya choDIne cAlyA javAnI AjJA karI. sAvaLigA paNa enI sAthe cAlI nIkaLI. rastAmAM, enI parAkramazIlatAthI prasanna thaIne devIe ene ghUtamAM ane saMgrAmamAM vijaya meLavavAnuM varadAna ApyuM. ethI sadayavalse Thera Thera dhUtamAM vijaya meLavyo. rastAmAM eka sthaLe lIlAvatI nAmanI kumArikA citAmAM baLI maravAnI narasiMha pUrvenuM gujarAtI sAhitya : 79

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taiyArI karatI hatI. tapAsa karatAM jANavA maLyuM ke sadayavalsane prApta karavA mATe cha mahinAthI e dhyAna dharatI hatI, paraMtu emAM saphaLatA nahIM maLatAM eNe baLI maravAno saMkalpa karyo hato. sadayavalse enI sAthe lagna karI enA prANa bacAvyA. evI rIte eNe kAmasenA nAmanI gaNikAne paNa corInA AropamAMthI ane vadhanI zikSAmAMthI bacAvI. samaya jatAM eka divasa eNe sAMbhaLyuM ke potAnA pitAnI nagarIne zatruoe ghero ghAlyo che. sadayavalse tyAM jaI potAnA parAkrama vaDe zatruone bhagADyA. AthI prasanna thaI prabhuvatsa rAjAe potAnA putrane AvakAra Apyo ane potAnI gAdIe besADyo. sadayavatsa potAnI baMne patnIo sAvaLeigA ane lIlAvatI tathA potAnAM saMtAno sAthe tyAM AnaMdapUrvaka rahevA lAgyo. sadayavatsavIra prabaMdha'mAM kavi praNaya ane parAkramanA prasaMgone jhaDapathI Alekhe che. emAM kavinI varNanazakti tathA rasanirUpaNazakti joI zakAya che. pAtronA AlekhanamAM tathA pAtro vaccenA dhAradAra saMvAdomAM paNa kavinI viziSTa zaktinI pratIti thAya che. A samaya daramiyAna vijayabhadrakRta haMsarAja-vaccharAja copAI', jinodayasUrikRta "vikramarAsa', sarvAnaMdasUrikRta "maMgalakalaza copAI', hirANaMdasUrikata vidyAvilAsa pavADo' ratnasiMhasUriziSyakata upadeza mAlAkathAnaka chappaya' ityAdi lokavArtAnA prakAranI kRtio sAMpaDe che. bhinna bhinna vastuono rUpakanI dRSTie vicAra karavo e kalpanAzIla manuSyano svabhAva che. tevI rIte keTalIka vAra kavio jIva, AtmA, viveka, moha, mAyA, krodha, lobha, saMyama ItyAdi bhinna bhinna zubhAzubha guNalakSaNo ke tattvone pAtra tarIke kalpI, temanI vaccenA vyavahAranA prasaMgo goThavI, kathAnaka upajAvI kADhe che. kyAreka evAM kathAnaka camatkRtithI bharelAM, rasika ane kavitvamaya banatAM hoya che, to kyAreka te sAmAnyatAmAM sarI paDatAM hoya che. AvAM kathAnako sAmAnya rIte lokabhogya bane che, ane evI rUpakagraMthi upadeza mATe asarakAraka mAdhyamanuM kAma kare che. A samaya daramyAna lakhAyelI rUpakagraMthinA prakAranI kRtiomAM jinaprabhAcAryavRta "bhavyacarita' tathA emanI manAtI kRti "jinaprabhu-moharAjavijayokti ane jayazekharasUrikRta tribhuvanadIpakaprabaMdha' che. copAI chaMdanI 44 kaDImAM lakhAyelI bhavyacarita' kRtimAM moharAjane haNIne saMyamanRpa kevI rIte vijayI bane che tenuM nirUpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. jinaprabhu-moharAja-vijayoktimAM paNa moharAjanA parAjayanI kathA varNavavAmAM AvI che. 0 ka sAhityadarzana

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rUpakagraMthinA prakAranI kRtiomAM jayazekharasUrikRta 'tribhuvanadIpakaprabaMdha' sauthI mahattvanI kRti che. saMskRta, prAkRta ane gujarAtI bhASAnA prakAMDa paMDita, upadezaciMtAmaNi'. jenakumArasaMbhava', "dhamilacarita' ItyAdi mahAkAvyonA kartA mahAkavi jayazekharasUrie saMskRtamAM pote racelI prabodhaciMtAmaNi' nAmanI kRti uparathI pote ja gujarAtImAM tribhuvanadIpakaprabaMdha' nAmanI kRtinI racanA I. sa. 1406mAM karI hatI. duhA, copAI, chappA vagerenI 432 kaDImAM lakhAyelA A kAvyanuM kathAvastu nIce pramANe che. paramahaMsa nAmano rAjA tribhuvanamAM rAjya kare che. enI rANInuM nAma cetanA che. eka vakhata paramahaMsa rAjA mAyA nAmanI ramaNInA rUpathI AkarSAI cetanAno tyAga kare che ane pariNAme tribhuvananuM rAjya gumAve che. ethI rAjA kayA nAmanI nagarI vasAvI tyAM rAjya karavA lAge che ane rAjyano vahIvaTa mana nAmanA maMtrIne soMpe che. duSTa manamaMtrI rAjAne keda pakaDI pote rAjA thaI bese che, jethI paramahaMsa rAjAne khUba pazcAttApa thAya che. manane pravRtti ane nivRtti nAmanI be patnI che, pravRttino putra te moha ane nivRttino putra te viveka pravRtti manane vaza karI, nivRtti tathA vivekane dezavaTo apAvI, potAnA putra mohane rAjyanI gAdI apAve che. moharAjAnI rANInuM nAma durmati che ane enA putro te kAma, rAga ane dveSa che. samaya dezavaTo bhogavato viveka saMyamazrI nAmanI strI sAthe lagna karI, tapa nAmanAM hathiyAro sajja karI, moharAjanA rAjya para prabaLa AkramaNa karIne ene harAve che. ane potAnA pitA manane samajAvI, paramahaMsa rAjAne kAyAnagarInI kedamAMthI mukta karAve che. vimukta paramahaMsa pharIthI tribhuvananuM rAjya karavA lAge Ama A rUpakakAvyamAM guNalakSaNo anusAra kathAsaMvidhAna rasika ane susaMgata banyuM che. emAM kavinuM bhASA uparanuM asAdhAraNa prabhutva paNa dekhAya che, kavitAnI dRSTie paNa A rUpakakAvya eka uttama koTinI kRti che. je samaye sAhityasarjananA mAdhyama tarIke padyano ja sauthI vadhu upayoga thato hato te samaye gadyanA kSetre paNa keTaluMka noMdhapAtra kArya thayeluM ApaNane jovA maLe che. emAM sauthI vadhu kheDAyelo prakAra te bAlAvabodha'no che. jJAna ane samajazaktinI bAbatamAM jeo haju bAladazAmAM che teonA avabodha (samajaNa) mATe lakhAyelI kRti te "bAlAvabodha." jaina Agamo ke tyAra pachI lakhAyelA zAstragraMtho ke itara prakAranI saMskRta-prAkRtamAM lakhAyelI kRtio vize tatkAlIna lokone gujarAtImAM samajAvavA narasiMha pUrvenuM gujarAtI sAhitya 81

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mATe lakhAyelA bAlAvabodhamAM keTalAkamAM mAtra gujarAtImAM anuvAda ApavAmAM Avyo hoya che, to keTalAkamAM dantakathAo ane tattva-vivaraNa umerIne mULa graMthano vistAra karavAmAM Avyo hoya che. bAlAvabodhanA vidvAna lekhakono prAthamika Azaya to saraLa gujarAtImAM mULa graMthanI samajaNa ApavAno hoya che, paraMtu tema chatAM lekhaka potAnA lakhANane bane teTaluM rocaka ane rasika banAvavAno prayatna kare che. taruNaprabhasUrikRta SaDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha', SaSTizataka-prakaraNa bAlAvabodha' vagere mahattvanI kRtio A samayamAM ApaNane sAMpaDe che. bAlAvabodhano eka bIjo prakAra te "Tabo' (tabaka) che, jemAM mULa graMthanI paMktio moTA akSare pRSThanI vacamAM lakhI, upara ane nIce nAnAmoTA akSare zabdano artha ke bhAva lakhavAmAM Avato. jemanuM bhASAjJAna maryAdita hoya tevA vAcako mATe AvI kRtio lakhavAmAM AvatI. gurAtI gadyano eka viziSTa prakAra te varNakano che. anuprAsayukta layAnvita gadyamAM koI paNa eka viSayanuM sacoTa varNana karavAmAM Ave e varNaka, Rtuo, upavana, nagara, rAjasabhA, senA, svayaMvara, yuddha, svakha, zukana, jJAti, bhojana ItyAdi ghaNA viSayo para varNakonI racanA thatI. gadyalekhako ane kathAkAro AvA varNakono upayoga potAnI kRtiomAM karatA. A samaya daramiyAna lakhAyelI gadyakRtiomAM eka sauthI mahattvanI kRti te "pRthvIcaMdracarita' che. kavi mANikyasuMdarasUrie I. sa. 1422mAM pAlanapuramAM enI racanA karI hatI. pAMca ullAsamAM eka nAnakaDI kathAnuM Alekhana kartAe karyuM che, paraMtu camatkRtibharelA manohara zabdAlaMkAro ane arthAlaMkAro vaDe tathA vividha varNako vaDe vizada ane prAsAdika bhASAmAM kavie enuM evuM hRdayaMgama Alekhana karyuM che ke jethI AkhIye kRti kavitvanI koTie pahoMcI jAya che. paiThaNano rAjA pRthvIcaMdra ayodhyAnA rAjA somadevanI kuMvarI ratnamaMjarIne, keTalAMka sAhaso ane parAkramo vaDe vighno dUra karI, paraNe che. samaya jatAM pRthvIcaMdra rAjA tIrthakara bhagavAna dharmanAthanI dezanA sAMbhaLI potAnA putra mahIdharane rAjagAdI soMpI dIkSA le che ane kALakrame kevalajJAna prApta kare che ane mokSano adhikArI bane che. A nAnakaDI kathAne nimitte katae kRtine varNakasaMgraha ke saMdarbhagraMtha jevI banAvI che, eTale ke jyAM jyAM taka maLI tyAM tyAM emaNe kathApravAhane sthagita karI, prAsAnuprAsathI zobhatAM vigatapracura manohara varNano prAsAdika zailIe ApyAM che. A kRtimAM kartAe pRthvIcaMdranI rAjasabhA, ayodhyAnagarI, nAyaka-nAyikA, svayaMvara, caturaMga senA, yuddha, varSARtu, aTavI, lagnotsava, bhojana samAraMbha 82 nA sAhityadarzana

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ityAdinAM manohara varNano uparAMta samudro, dvIpo, ratno, kalAo, purANo, smRtio, vAditro, vastro, Ayudho, AbharaNo, graho, svakho, jJAtio ItyAdi ghaNA viSayo ane enA prakAronuM prAsayukta varNana ApyuM che. AthI A gadyakathA manorama gadyakAvya jevI banI che. kartAe ApeluM enuM bIjuM nAma "vAgvilAsa" ethI sArthaka banyuM che. mATe ja kavine madhyakAlIna gujarAtI bhASAnA bANabhaTTa tarIke oLakhAvI zakAya ema che. udAharaNa tarIke puNyanA mahimA vize kartAe lakhyuM che te juo : "puNaya lagaI pRthvIpITha prasiddhi, puNya lagaI manavAMchita siddhi, puNya lagaI nirmala buddhi, puNaya lagaI RddhivRddhi, puNya lagaI zarIra nIroga, puNya lagai abhaMgura bhoga, puNya lagaI kuTuMba parivAra taNA saMyoga, puNya lagaI palAmIyAM turaMga, puNya lagaI navanavA raMga, puNya lagaI ghari gajaghaTA, cAlatAM dIkaI caMdana chaTA, puNya lagai nirupama rUpa, alakSya svarUpa, puNya lagaI AnaMdadAyinI mUrti, addabhuta skUrti, puNya lagaI bhalA AkAra, abhuta zRMgAra, puNya lagai sarvatra bahumAna, ghaNuM kirUM kahIyaI, pAmIyAM kevalajJAna.' varSAtratunuM varNana karatAM kavi lakhe che : ' vistariu varSAkAla, je paMkhI taNI kAla, nAThau dukAla.........disi ghora, nAcaI mora, pANI taNA pravAha khalahalaI, vADi velA valaI, cIkhali cAlatAM zakaTa alaI, loka taNAM mana dharma upari valai." Ama, madhyakAlIna gujarAtI gadyasAhityamAM pRthvIcaMdracaritranuM sthAna sauthI mokhare che. hemacandrAcAryanA samaya sudhI saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza bhASAnAM vyAkaraNa saMskRta bhASAmAM lakhAyAM hatAM. tyAra pachInA samaya daramiyAna gujarAtI bhASAnA mAdhyama dvArA saMskRta bhASAnAM vyAkaraNo lakhAvAM zarU thayAM. e vyAkaraNo mATe auktika' zabda vaparAvA lAgyo. "auktika eTale ukti vizenI racanA, eTale ke bhASA vizenI racanA. evI racanAomAM saMgrAmasiMhakata bAlazikSA' (I. sa. 1280) sauthI prAcIna upalabdha autika che, jemAM ATha prakaraNomAM saMjJA, saMdhi, kAraka, samAsa ItyAdinI vicAraNA karavAmAM AvI che. auktikanA prakAranI bIjI samartha racanA te kulamaMDanagaNikRta "mugdhAvabodha auktika' (I. sa. 1394) che. sAmAnya mugdha janone paNa vyAkaraNanA viSayamAM rasa ane samaja paDe e mATe lakhAyelI A kRti hovAthI kartAe enuM nAma "mugdhAvabodha auktika' rAkhyuM che. A be auktiko uparAMta e prakAranI bhinna bhinna samayanI chaeka kRtio narasiMha pUrvenuM gujarAtI sAhitya 83

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maLe che. e samaye gujarAtI bhASAnuM potAnuM vyAkaraNa lakhAya evuM sthAna ane haju maLyuM nahotuM. gujarAtInA mAdhyama dvArA vyAkaraNa to saMskRta bhASAnuM ja zIkhavAtuM, paraMtu A vyAkaraNo dvArA te samaye vikAsa pAmatI, lakhAtI ane bolAtI gujarAtI bhASAnA svarUpa ane enI vyAkaraNaviSayaka lAkSaNikatAo vize ApaNane jANavA maLe che. vaLI emAM apAyelo zabdakoza ke emAM vaparAyelA zabdabhaMDoLa dvArA bhASAvikAsanA abhyAsa mATe paNa te mUlyavAna sAmagrI pUrI pADe che. Ama, narasiMha pUrvenuM gujarAtI sAhitya atyaMta vipula ane samRddha che. temAMnuM keTaluMka mudrita thayuM che, paraMtu e tamAma sAhitya chapAIne pragaTa thaze tyAre gujarAtI sAhityanA itihAsamAM te savizeSa prakAza pADaze. 84 9 sAhityadarzana

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kavivara samayasuMdara ane emanI be rAsakRtio (1) kavivara samayasuMdara madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityane samRddha karanAra samartha jaina kaviomAM samayasuMdaranuM sthAna viziSTa che. I.sa.nA soLamA zatakanA uttarArdhamAM ane sattaramAM zatakanA pUrvArdhamAM thaI gayelA A jaina sAdhukavie gujarAtI sAhityamAM vividha prakArano phALo Apyo che. vidvAna sAhityakAra tarIke tema ja tapasvI sAdhu tarIke temaNe ucca prakAranI pratiSThA potAnA samayamAM meLavI hatI. samayasuMdaranA jIvana vize, emaNe pote racelA graMthonA AdhAre, tema ja emanA ziSyoe racelI kRtione AdhAre keTalIka mAhitI maLe che. samayasuMdarano janma mAravADamAM sAcoranI prAgvATa poravADa) vaNika jJAtimAM thayo hato. emanI mAtAnuM nAma lIlAdevI hatuM. emanA pitAnuM nAma rUpasiMha hatuM. potAnA janmasthAna viSe kavie pote potAnI eka kRti "sItArAma copAInA chaThThA khaMDanI trIjI DhAlamAM A pramANe ullekha karyo che: bhuja janama zrI sAcoramAMhI, tihAM aura mAsa rahyAM ucchAhi; tihAM DhAla e kIdhI eke ja, kahe samayasuMdara dharI ." kavinA kavanakALa temaja kALadharma (avasAnanA samaya vize jevAM nizcita pramANo maLe che tevAM temanA janmasamaya ke bAlyakALa vize maLatAM nathI. paraMtu anya ullekho parathI e vize kaMIka anumAna karI zakAya che. samayasuMdarano sauthI pahelo graMtha te "mAvatad'. vikrama saMvata 1641mAM racAyelA A saMskRta graMthamAM temaNe mammaTanA kAvyaprakAzanuM adhyayana karI dhvani vagere sUkSma viSayonI 10 zlokamAM kavivara samayasuMdara ane emanI be casakRtio ka 85

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carcA karI che, vaLI A graMthamAM kavi potAne "gaNi samayasuMdara" tarIke oLakhAve che. gahana viSaya, saMskRtamAM racanA ane gaNi'nuM pada batAve ke A graMthanI racanA temaNe pukhta uMmare pahoMcyA pachI ja karI haze. saM. 1641mAM teo gaNi' hatA, ane ApaNe jANIe chIe ke dIkSA lIdhA pachI "gaNi' pada prApta karavA mATe cAra-pAMca varSa nahi paNa ochAmAM ochAM ATha-dasa varSanI akhaMDa sAdhanAnI ane avirata abhyAsanI AvazyakatA che. temAM paNa 'bhAvazataka' jevA graMthanI racanA karavA mATe to alabatta UMDA abhyAsa ane talasparzI jJAnanI apekSA rahe ja che. eTale samayasuMdare dIkSA saM. 1630nI AsapAsa lIdhI hoya to ja A zakya bane che. bALavaye dIkSA laI paMdara-vIsa varasanI uMmare sAdhu tarIke, tema ja saMskRtaprAkRtanA aThaMga abhyAsI ane prakhara sAhityakAra tarIke ucca prakAranI siddhi dAkhavanArI keTalIka virala vibhUtio ApaNane jovA maLe che. jo e pramANe samayasuMdaranI bAbatamAM hoya to temaNe paNa vIsa-bAvIsa varSanI umare bhAvazataka'nI racanA karI hoya ane sAdhu tarIke 'gaNi'nuM pada meLavyuM hoya ema mAnI zakAya. paraMtu emanI bAbatamAM tema banyuM hoya ema mAnavuM saMbhavita lAgatuM nathI, kAraNa ke temaNe dIkSA bALavaye nahi, paNa paMdara-vIsa varSanI uMmare lIdhI hatI. samayasuMdaranA ja ziSya vAdI harSanaMdane lakhyuM che te pramANe samayasuMdare "navayauvana bhara saMyama saMgrahyo che, saI hathe zrI jinacaMda." vAdI harSanaMdane jyAre navayauvanano spaSTa ullekha karyo che tyAre samayasuMdare AThadasa varSanI bALavaye nahi, paNa aDhAravIsa varSanI taruNAvasthAmAM dIkSA lIdhI haze evuM anumAna karIe to khoTuM nathI. e pramANe dIkSAnA samaye emanI uMmara ochAmAM ochI 20 varSanI kalpIe, to emano janma saM. 16 10nI AsapAsa thayo haze ema mAnI zakAya. dIkSA samayanI emanI uMmara pramANe A janmasamaya AgaLapAchaLa mUkI zakAya. yugapradhAna AcArya zrI jinacaMdrasUrie potAne hAthe kavine dIkSA ApI hatI ane potAnA prathama ziSya sakalacaMdra gaNinA ziSya tarIke emane jAhera karI emanuM samayasuMdara' nAma rAkhyuM hatuM. potAnI kRtiomAM samayasuMdare ke emane aMjali arpatAM gItomAM emanA ziSyoe emanA janmanAmano kyAMya ullekha karyo nathI. eTale sAdhutAno aMgIkAra karI samayasuMdara banatAM pahelAM emanuM bALapaNanuM nAma zuM hatuM e vize kazuM jANavA maLatuM nathI. vastutaH eka vakhata dIkSA laI saMsArIpaNAno tyAga karanAra jaina sAdhuone potAnuM mULa nAma jaNAvavAnI bhAgye ja icchA rahe che. dIkSA letAM pahelAM 86 sAhityadarzana

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samayasuMdare kaMI abhyAsa karyo hato ke nahi e vize paNa koI cokkasa nirdeza maLato nathI. mAravADa ane temAMye sAcora jevA pachAta gAmamAM abhyAsa mATe temane bahu anukULatA maLI hoya e saMbhavita nathI. dIkSA pachI abhyAsa mATe temane ghaNI taka maLI hatI ema emanA lakhANa parathI jANI zakAya che. samayasuMdare potAno abhyAsa vizeSataH vAcaka mahimarAja pachIthI jeo zrI jinasiMhasUri tarIke oLakhAtA hatA.) ane samayarAja upAdhyAya pAse karyo hato. eTale ja teo temane baMnene potAnA vidyAguru tarIke 'bhAvazataka' ane "aSTalakSI nAmanI potAnI kRtiomAM oLakhAve che. juo : zrI mahimarAjavAcaka-vAcakavara-samayarAjapuSyAnAm / madvidyaika gurUNAM prasAdato sUtrazatakamidam // (bhAvazataka) zrIjinasiMhamunIzvara-vAcakavara-samayarAja-gaNirAjAm / madavidyaikagurUNAmanugraho me'tra vijJeyaH // (aSTalakSI) bhAvakazataka', "aSTalakSI' ane evA bIjA vidvattAbharyA graMtho jotAM lAge che ke kavie vAcaka mahimarAja ane samayarAja upAdhyAya pAse besIne kAvyo, TIkAo ane dharmazAstrono ghaNo UMDo abhyAsa karyo haze. kavinAM ucca abhyAsa, tIkSNa buddhi, asAdhAraNa pratibhA ane tapasvI tathA saMyamI sAdhujIvana joIne AcAryazrI jinacaMdrasUrie temane saM. 1640nA mahA suda pAMcamane divase 'gaNi'nuM pada ApyuM hatuM. tyAra pachI samrATa akabaranA nimaMtraNane mAna ApI jyAre AcArya zrI jinacaMdrasUri saM. 1648mAM lAhora gayA tyAre temanI sAthe gayela bIjA 31 sAdhuomAM sakalacaMdragaNi, mahimarAja, samayasuMdara vagere paNa hatA. te samaye samayasuMdare "nAno te sadhyam' ATha akSaranA A vAkyanA ATha lAkha artha karI batAvI, potAnI "aSTalakSI' nAmanI kRti vaDe akabara bAdazAhane prasanna karyA hatA. saM. 1649mAM phAgaNa suda bIjane divase zrI jinacaMdrasUrie samayasuMdarane lAhoramAM vAcanAcAryanuM pada ApyuM hatuM. e ja vakhate AcAryazrIe vAcaka mahimarAjane AcAryanI padavI ApI zrI jinasiMhasUri evuM nAma ApyuM hatuM. eTale ja A samaya pachI lakhAyelI "sAMbapradyumnarAsa", "cAra pratyeka buddhano rAsa', mRgAvatIcaritra' vagere kRtiomAM samayasuMdara potAne "vAcaka samayasuMdara' tarIke oLakhAve che. A samaya daramiyAna samayasuMdare gujarAtI bhASAmAM rAsa, prabaMdha, gIto, stavano, chatrIsI vagere prakAranI kAvyakRtio lakhavI zarU karI dIdhI hatI. vAcanAcAryanI padavI pachI vIsa ke ekavIsa varSe samayasuMdarane pAThaka eTale kavivara samayasuMdara ane emanI be rAsakRtio 87

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ke upAdhyAyanI padavI maLI hatI. AcAryazrI jinasiMharie laverA mukAme emane A padavI ApI hatI ema rAjasoma kavi noMdhe che. paraMtu kaI sAlamAM A padavI emane ApavAmAM AvI eno ullekha karyo nathI. joke samayasuMdaranI kRtio parathI e sAla nakkI karavAmAM bahu muzkelI naDatI nathI. saM. 16 7ra ane tyAra pachI racAyelI badhI ja kRtiomAM kavi potAne pAThaka ke upAdhyAya tarIke oLakhAve che. jemake saM. 1672mAM racAyela siMhalasUta priyamelaka rAsAne aMte teo lakhe jayavaMtA guru rAjIyA re, zrI jinasiMhasUri rAya; samayasuMdara tasu sAnidhi karI re, Ima pabhaNaI vijhaya re saM. 16 73mAM lakhAyelA naladavadaMtI rAsane aMte kavi lakhe che : "uvAya Ima kahaI samayasuMdara, kIyaU Agraha netasI; caupai naladavadatI kerI, catura mANasa citavasI." saMvata 1672 pahelAMnI koI paNa kRtimAM samayasuMdare potAne mATe pAThaka ke upAdhyAya padano ullekha karyo nathI. eTale saM. 1671mAM emane upAdhyAyanI padavI maLI haze ema mAnI zakAya. emanA keTalAka ziSyoe emano mahopAdhyAya tarIke ullekha karyo che. AcArya zrI jinasiMhasUrinA kALadharma pAmyA pachI (saM. 16 80 pachI), emanA kharataragacchamAM vayovRddha, jJAnavRddha ane ATalA lAMbA dIkSAparyAyavALA phakta teo ja hatA. eTale gacchanI paraMparA pramANe upAdhyAyapadamAM teo moTA hovAthI temane mahopAdhyAyanuM pada ApavAmAM AvyuM hoya e atyaMta svAbhAvika che. sAdhu tarIke samayasuMdarane jude jude sthaLe pharavAnuM ane cAturmAsa daramiyAna sthira thavAnuM banatuM. emaNe pote potAnI keTalIka kRtiomAM enAM rarAnAsthaLono ullekha karyo che ane keTalAMka tIrthomAM tyAM ne tyAM ja enI stuti mATe gIto, stavanonI racanA karelI che. A parathI teo kayAM kayAM vicarelA hatA ane cAturmAsa nimitte kayAM kayAM sthira thayelA hatA tenI keTalIka spaSTa mAhitI maLI rahe che. temaNe siMdha, paMjAba, uttara pradeza, rAjasthAna, saurASTra ane gujarAtamAM dharmopadeza arthe vicaraNa karyuM hatuM. temAM ye khAsa karIne rAjasthAna ane gujarAtamAM teo vizeSa rahyA hatA ane jIvananAM aMtima varSomAM to teo gujarAtamAM ja sthira thayA hatA. * jugapradhAna jinacaMda svayaMhasta vAcaka ho pada lAhore diyo zrI jinasiMhasUrida sahere lahere ho, pATaka pada dayo. rAjasomakRta 'samayasuMdarajI gItam' 88 ke sAhityadarzana

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judA judA pradezomAM pharavAne lIdhe temaNe te te pradezanI bhASA para sAro kAbU meLavI lIdho hato. vaLI, temanAmAM potAnA gacchanI ke dharmanI saMkucitatA bilakula nahotI. ethI emanA upadezanI aneka lokonA jIvanamAM sArI asara thaI hatI. emanA tejasvI jIvanano prabhAva hiMdu ane musalamAna adhikArI varga upara paNa ghaNo sAro paDyo hato. emanA keTalAka ziSyo noMdhe che te pramANe temaNe ahiMsAno keTaleka sthaLe asarakAraka pracAra karI prANIhiMsA aTakAvI hatI. teo jyAre siMdhamAM hatA tyAre tyAMno adhikArI makhanama muhammada zekha kAjI temanI pavitra vANIthI mugdha ane prabhAvita thayo hato. samayasuMdaranA upadezathI eNe AkhAya siMdha prAMtamAM gauvadhanI, paMcanadImAM jalacaranI ane anya prANIonI hiMsA na karavA mATe abhayanI uddaghoSaNA karI hatI. evI ja rIte, jesalamera ke jyAM sAMDhano vadha thato hato tyAM emaNe enA adhipati rAvala bhImajIne sadupadeza ApI vadha baMdha karAvyo hato. maMDovara ane meDatAnA adhipatione paNa evI rIte ahiMsAno upadeza ApI temaNe hiMsA aTakAvI hatI.* samayasuMdarano ziSya parivAra vizALa hato. emaNe pote potAnA graMthonI prazastimAM ke potAnA keTalAka ziSyonA karelA ullekho parathI ane bIjA keTalAka graMthomAM maLatA anya ullekho parathI mAnavAmAM Ave che ke emanA lagabhaga 42. * zItapura mAMhe jisa samAviyo, makhanma mahamada zekhojI; jIvadayA para paDaha pherAviyo, rAkhI cihuMkhaMDa rekhojI. - kavi devIdAsakRta gIta siddhapura mAMhe zekha mahammada moTo ho, jiNa pratibodhIyo, siMdhu deza mAMhe vizeSa gAyAM choDAvI ho turake mAratI. - rAja somakRta gIta siMdhu vihAre lAbha liya ghaNo re rajI makhanUma zekha pAMcate nadiyAM jIvadayA bharI re, rAkhI dhenu vizeSa'. - harSavadanakRta gIta 89 kavivara samayasuMdara ane emanI be casakRtio

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ziSyo hatA. vaLI, e ziSyonA paNa ziSyo sAthe e samudAya ethIya vadhAre vizALa banyo hato. keTalAka ziSyo atyaMta vidvAna ane samartha sAhityakAra hatA. keTalAka ziSyoe samayasuMdarane TIkA lakhavAmAM ke saMzodhana karavAmAM sahAya paNa karelI. vAdI harSanaMdana emanA mukhya ziSya hatA. emaNe nAnAmoTA bAreka graMthonI racanA, bahudhA saMskRtamAM karelI che. 18 adhyAyamAM lakhelI madhyAhanavyAkhyAnapaddhati' ke cAra vibhAgamAM ApavAmAM AvelI saMkhyAbaMdha kathAone lIdhe kathAkoSa jevI banelI RSimaMDaLaTIkA' emanI mahattvapUrNa kRtio che. sahajavimala, meghavijaya, meghakIrti, mahimAsamudra vagere ziSyoe paNa keTalIka vidvattApUrNa kRtionI racanA karI che. samayasuMdare sudIrgha AyuSya bhogavyuM hatuM. dIkSA pachI nAnI vayathI ja emanuM jIvana saMyamI ane tejasvI banyuM hatuM. sAdhu tarIke ane sAhityakAra tarIke emaNe eka pachI eka siddhio prApta karI ane potAnA cAritryane tathA vyaktitvane khUba khIlavyuM. potAnI vidvattA, guNagrAhakatA ane udAratAne lIdhe teo mAtra potAnA gacchanA ja nahi, paNa samagra jaina samAjanA sarvamAnya sAdhu banI gayA hatA. Ama chatAM, temane uttarAvasthAnAM chellAM thoDAMka varSomAM vRddhAvasthAnI parAdhInatAne lIdhe mAnasika paritApa veThavo paDyo hato. enuM eka kAraNa saM. 16 87mAM gujarAtamAM paDelo bhayaMkara dukALa hato. A kALanuM samayasuMdare pote "satyAsIyA dukALavarNana chatrIsI'mAM AbehUba varNana karI, tatkAlIna paristhitino sAco citAra ApI, ethI potAnA jIvana para paDelI asara paNa batAvI che. annane khAtara, pApI peTane khAtara mANasane sagAI, zarama ane dharmano paNa tyAga karAve evI e samayanI paristhiti hatI. pati patnIne mUkIne khAya, patnI patine mUkIne khAva, mAtA pote khAya paNa putrane na Ape, ane putra mAtA vinA ekalo khAya evI te samayanI sthiti hatI. anna vinA TaLavaLI marelA mANasonA mRtadeho ghera ghera paDyA hatA. eve vakhate sAdhuonI sthiti ghaNI ja kaphoDI thaI gaI hatI. pahelAM je loko khUba bhaktibhAva ane AgrahapUrvaka sAdhuone potAne ghera anna vahoravA laI jatA hatA, te have pAMca-cha dhakkA khAvA chatAM kazuM ApatA nahi. jyAM mANaso sAdhune joIne ja bAraNuM baMdha karI detA, tyAM anna vahorAvavAnI to vAta ja kyAMthI ? AvA dukALamAM sAdhuo potAnA graMtho, pAtra ane vastra vecIne paNa khAvAnuM meLave evI paristhiti sAdhAraNa banI gaI hatI. alabatta, sAdhuo mATe e anAvaraNa ja kahevAya, tema chatAM ekamAtra jIvavAnI IcchAne kAraNe keTalAya sAdhuo e pramANe AcaraNa karatA thaI gayA hatA, ane samayasuMdara paNa potAnA keTalAka ziSyone tema karatAM aTakAvI zakyA nahi. (c) sAhityadarzana

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dukALane kAraNe sAdhuomAM AvelA AvA anAcaraNathI kavine ghaNuM duHkha thayuM. sAdhujIvanamAM eka vakhata pravezelI zithilatA cAlu rahe ke vadhe nahi e mATe emaNe pote mana makkama karyuM ane saM. 1691mAM emaNe "kriyoddhAra karI potAnuM sAdhujIvana parizuddha karyuM. samayasuMdaranA uttarAvasthAnA mAnasika paritApanuM bIjuM kAraNa emanA ziSyo hatA. satyAsInA dukALa vakhate emanA keTalAka ziSyo emanAthI vimukha banI gayA hatA. keTalAka temane choDIne cAlyA gayA hatA. ziSyomAM paNa aMdara aMdara kalaha thavA lAgyo hato. potAnI lagabhaga eMsI varSa jeTalI uMmara thavAne lIdhe dareka vAte temane potAnA ziSyo para AdhAra rAkhavo paDato. je ziSyone taiyAra karavAmAM emaNe asAdhAraNa bhoga Apyo hato te ja ziSyo have emanI AjJAnuM pAlana rAjIkhuzIthI karavA taiyAra nahotA. ane kavine pAkaTa uMmara ane jarjarita dehane kAraNe lAcArIthI ziSyo kahe tema karavuM paDatuM hatuM. samayasuMdaranuM A mAnasika duHkha jevuMtevuM nahotuM. emaNe pote eka kAvyamAM potAnuM A duHkha nikhAlasapaNe varNavyuM samayasuMdarane potAnI vRddhAvasthAne lIdhe tathA zArIrika nabaLAIne lIdhe have vadhAre vihAra ke sthaLAMtara karavAnuM phAve tema nahotuM. teo te samaye gujarAtamAM vihAra karatA hatA. saM. 1696 thI teo amadAvAdamAM sthira thaI gayA, A samaya daramiyAna temanI lekhanapravRtti cAlu ja hatI. paNa have te kaMIka maMda paDI gaI hatI. saM. 1700mAM draupadI copAInI racanA karyA pachI chellAM traNeka varSamAM temaNe koI moTI kRtinI racanA karI nathI. lagabhaga jIvananA aMta sudhI AtmakalyANa ane sAhityanI upAsanA karatAM karatAM potAno aMtasamaya samIpa jaNAtAM anazana karIne saM.1703nA caitra sudI terasane divase, mahAvIra jayaMtIne divase teo kALadharma * celA nahIM dau ma karau ciMtA disaI ghaNe cele paNi duHkha saMtAna karami huA ziSya bahulA, paNi samayasuMdara na pAyau sukha joDa ghaNI vistarI jagata maI, prasiddha thaI pAtasAha paryata paNi ekaNi vAta rahI aNurati na kiyau kiNa calaI nizcanta - samayasuMdara kavivara samayasuMdara ane emanI be rAkRtio 91

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pAmyA. emanA eka praziSya kavi rAjasome emanA avasAnano ullekha emane aMjali ApatA eka gItamAM karyo che : aNasaNa karI aNagAra, saMvata sattara ho sama bI.Dottare ahamadAvAda majhAra, paraloka pahutA ho caitra sudi terase" Ama samayasuMdare lagabhaga nevuM varSanuM AyuSya bhogavyuM. kadAca be-traNa varSa vadhAre haze, paNa ochAM nahi. avasAnanAM traNeka varSa pahelAM emaNe draupadI copAI jevA sudIrgha kAvyanI racanA karI hatI, e batAve che ke vRddhAvasthAmAM paNa emaNe lekhanapravRtti cAlu rAkhI hatI. samayasuMdaranI sAhityasevA vipula tathA uccakoTinI che. temaNe saMskRta, prAkRta tema ja gujarAtI bhASAmAM kRtionI racanA karI che. temaNe vyAkaraNa, TIkA, kAvyalakSaNa, chaMda, nyAya, jyotiSa zAstracaryA, siddhAMtacaryA, anekArtha sAhitya, itihAsa, prabaMdhu, rAsa, copAI, saMvAda, bAlAvabodha, covIsI-chatrIsI, stavana, sakjhAya, gIta vagere te samayanA sAhityaprakAro ThIkaThIka pramANamAM kheDyA che. gIta, sajhAya, stavanAdi seMkaDo nAnI nAnI kRtio uparAMta temaNe saMskRtamAM lagabhaga vIseka ane gujarAtImAM trIseka moTI kRtio lakhelI che. alabatta, A badhuM ja sAhitya ekasarakhI ucca kakSAnuM to na ja hoI sake. tema chatAM emaNe je sAhityanuM sarjana karyuM che te jotAM eka vidvAna ane samartha paMDita tarIke ane ucca kakSAnA eka sAhityakAra tarIke to emanI pratIti avazya thAya che ja. saMskRta bhASAmAM kavie bhAvazataka(saM.1641), rUpakamAlA avacUri (saM.16 63), kAlikAcAryakathA (saM. 1666), samAcArazataka (saM. 16 72), vizeSazataka (saM.16 72), vicArazataka (saM.16 76), visaMvAdazataka (saM.1685), vizeSasaMgraha (saM. 1685), gAthAsahastrI (saM. 16 86), jayatihuyaNavRtti (saM. 16 87), dazavaikAlikaTIkA (saM. 1691), raghuvaMzaTIkA (saM. 1692), vRttaratnAkaravRtti saM. 1694) ane bIjI keTalIka nAnImoTI kRtionI racanA karI che. kavinI A pravRtti emanA samaya sarvajakALamAM vistarelI hatI e te kRtionI racanAtAla parathI joI zakAya che. gujarAtI bhASAmAM samayasuMdare vizeSataH rAsa-copAI, stavana, sajhAya. covIsI-chatrIsI, gIta vagere prakAro kheDyA che, gujarAtImAM paNa emanuM sarjana atyaMta vipula che ane emane eka uttama rAsakAra ane gItakAra tarIke pratiSThA apAve che. emaNe saM. 1641mAM saMskRtamAM bhAvazatakanI racanA karI tyAra pachI lagabhaga doDhadAyakA sudhI emaNe moTA graMtharUpe khAsa kaMI viziSTa sarjana karyuM hoya 92 sAhityadarzana

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ema lAgatuM nathI, athavA jo kaMI sarjana karyuM hoya to te upalabdha nathI. gujarAtImAM emanI moTI kRtio vahelAmAM vahelI saM. 16 58nI AsapAsa racAyelI maLI Ave che. emaNe sAMbapradyumnarAsa (saM. 16 59), cAra pratyekano buddha-rAsa (saM. 1665), mRgAvatI rAsa (saM. 166 8), siMhalasutapriyamelaka rAsa (saM. 16 72), pusAra rAsa (rAM. 1673), naladavadaMtIrAsa (saM. 1673), sItArAma copAI (saM. 16 77 ?), valaklacIrI rAsa (saM. 16 81), vastupAla-tejapAlarAsa (saM.16 82), zatruMjayarAsa (saM. 16 83), bAvratarAsa (saM. 16 85), thAvaraccA copAI saM. 1691), kSullakakumAra rAsa (saM. 1694), caMpaka zreSThI copAI (saM. 1695), gautamapRcchA copAI (saM. 1695), dhanadattacopAI (saM. 1695), pujARSi rAsa (saM. 1698). draupadI copAI (saM. 1700) vagere rAsa athavA copAI lakhyAM che. rAsa ane copAI e be zabdo ghaNI vAra ekabIjAnA paryAya tarIke prayojAtA hovAthI emaNe. koIka kRtine rAsa tarIke oLakhAvI hoya che, to koIka kRtine copAI tarIke oLakhAvI hoya che. emaNe vIsa karatAM vadhu rAsa lakhyA che. emAM vastupAla-tejapAla rAsa, kSullakakumAra rAsa, paMjARSino rAsa vagere keTalAka rAsa so-savAso paMktinA nAnA kadanA che, to keTalAka hajAra-be hajAra paMktinA moTA kadanA rAsa paNa che. temAM "sItArAma copAI nAmano rAsa moTAmAM moTo che. je navakhaMDamAM lagabhaga 3,700 paMktimAM lakhAyelo che. sarjanAtmaka sAhityamAM samayasuMdare rAsa ane gItamAM ucca prakAranI siddhi meLavI che. bhASAnI sukumAratA, varNanonI tAdazatA ane AlekhananI sacoTatA sAthe emaNe rAsanuM sarjana karyuM che. emAM emanI ucca kAvyapratibhA prasaMge prasaMge jhaLakI UThe che. "sItArAma copAI' ane draupadI copAI' jevA emanA rAsa to mahAkAvyanI koTi sudhI pahoMce e prakAranA thayelA che. samayasuMdare lakhelAM gItonI saMkhyA hajAra karatAMye vadhAre che. jude jude samaye, jude jude sthaLe lakhelI A nAnInAnI racanAo badhI ja haju ekatrita thaI zakI nathI. je maLe che emAM keTalIka to samayasuMdaranA potAnA hastAkSaramAM lakhAyelI maLe che. gItomAM paNa emaNe bhAsa, stavana, sohalA, caMdravalA parvagIta, mahimAgIta, vadhAI vagere ghaNA prakAro kheDyA che. gItomAM layavaividhya, zabdamAdhurya, abhinava prAsasaMkalanA, bhinnabhinna rAgarAgiNI ane lokapriya DhALo tathA kavinI utkaTa saMvedanazIlatAnI ApaNane pratIti thAya che. kavinAM gItonuM vaividhya eTaluM apAra che ke "samayasuMdaranAM gItaDAM, bhIMto paranA cItarAM evI lokokti pracalita thayelI. kuMbhArANAe baMdhAvelAM benamUna maMdiro ane makAnonAM zilpa-sthApatyano pAra pAmavo. kavivara samayasuMdara ane emanI be rAkRtio 93

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e jema agharuM che tema samayasuMdaranAM gItono pAra pAmavo e paNa agharuM che ema kahevAtuM. emAMnAM keTalAMka gIto, sakjhAyo, stavano vagere to atyAra sudhI jaina lokomAM pracalita rahyAM che. samayasuMdaranI vidvattAnI ane bahuzrutatAnI pratIti emanA anekArthagraMtho ane TIkAgraMtho parathI thAya che. emano "aSTalakSI* graMtha ane kArya sAhityamAM advitIya che. ema kahevAya che ke eka vakhata samrATa akabaranI vidyAsabhAmAM koIke jaina Agamo vize kaTAkSamAM kahyuM : ""usa kutarU mana mo'' eTale ke eka sUtranA anaMta artha thAya che. A kaTAkSanota javAba ApavA mATe samayasuMdare akabara bAdazAha pAsethI thoDo samaya mAgyo ane "sanAno te saudyam' e ATha akSaronA ATha lAkha artha karIne "artharatnAvalI' nAmanA graMthanI racanA karI ane saM. 1649nA zrAvaNa suda 13nI sAMje kAramIravijaya mATe akabare jyAre zrIrAja zrI rAmadAsanI vATikAmAM prathama pravAsa karyo tyAre rAjAo, sAmanto ane vidvAnonI sabhA samakSa samayasuMdare A graMtha akabara bAdazAhane e vATikAmAM vAMcI saMbhaLAvyo ane batAvI ApyuM ke potAnA jevo eka sAmAnya mANasa paNa jo eka akSaranA eka lAkha artha karI zake che to sarvajJanI vANInA anaMta artha thAya emAM navAI zI? samayasuMdaranI A kRtithI akabara bAdazAha tathA bIjA rAjAo, sAmaMto ane vidvAno khUba prabhAvita thayA. akabare pote e graMthane pramANabhUta karAvI samayasuMdaranA hAthamAM mUkyo. pAchaLathI A graMthanuM nAma samayasuMdare "aSTalakSI rAkhyuM hatuM. samayasuMdarane ghaNI bhASAo AvaDatI hatI. teo gujarAta, rAjasthAna, uttara hiMda, siMdha ane paMjAbamAM pharelA hatA. eTale saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza uparAMta gujarAtI, mAravADI, hiMdI, siMdhI ane paMjAbI bhASA para emaNe sAruM prabhutva meLavyuM hatuM. musalamAnonA saMparkane lIdhe phArasI bhASAno paricaya paNa temaNe hastagata karI lIdho hato. emanuM te bhASAo upara prabhutva evuM hatuM ke teo e badhI bhASAmAM kavitA lakhavAnI paNa zakti dharAvatA hatA. siMdhI ane paMjAbI bhASA karatAM gujarAtI, mAravADI ane hiMdI bhASAmAM temaNe vadhAre kRtio lakhI che. keTalIka kRtiomAM prayoga khAtara temaNe saMskRta ane prAkRta, gujarAtI ane saMskRta, gujarAtI ane siMdhI bhASAnuM mizraNa karyuM che. mRgAvatI copAInA trIjA khaMDanI navamI DhAla emaNe siMdhI bhASAmAM lakhI che. aDadhuM caraNa gujarAtI ane aDadhuM saMskRtanuM temaNe * A graMthanuM saMpAdana po. hIrAlAla kApaDiyAe karyuM che. e zeTha devacaMda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra saMsthA taraphathI "anekArtharatnamaMjUSA'nA nAme 1933mAM pragaTa thayo che. 4 * sAhityadarzana

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kareluM mizraNa paNa juo : bhalUM Aja meTyu, prabho pAdapadmaM / phalI Asa morI, nitAnta vipadyam // gayUM du:kha nAsI, puna: saumyadRSTyA / thayuM sukha AbUM yathA meghavRSTyA // rAgiNI uparAMta tatkAlIna lokapriya dezIono paNa emaNe bahoLA pramANamAM upayoga karyo che. emaNe pote paNa keTalAka navA DhALo pracalita karyA hatA. AnaMdaghanajI, RSabhadAsa, nayasuMdara vagere kavioe samayasuMdaranI keTalIka dezIono ane dhruvapaMktiono upayoga karyo che e parathI te pratIta thAya che. samayasuMdaranA samakAlIna kavi RSabhadAse saM. 1670mAM racelA kumArapAla rAsa'mAM samayasuMdaranI prazaMsA karatAM lakhyuM che : susAdhu haMso samayo suracaMda, zItala vacana jima zAradacaMda e kavi moTA buddhi vizAla, te Agali murakha bAla. je samaye samayasuMdaranuM sAhitya haju sarjAI rahyuM hatuM te samaye RSabhadAse karelA A ullekha parathI khAtarI thAya che ke samayasuMdare emanA potAnA samayamAM ja kavi tarIke ghaNI moTI pratiSThA prApta karI lIdhI hatI. samayasuMdara emanA yuganA asAdhAraNa pratibhA dharAvanAra prakhara vidvAna, samartha sAhityakAra, uccatama kavi ane te svI sAdhu hatA. (2) mRgAvatIcaritra copAI kavivara samayasuMdara 17mA saikAnA eka samartha rAsakavi che. temaNe je bhinnabhinna rAkRtionI racanA karI che temAM mRgAvatIcaritra copAI' e paNa eka atyaMta mahattvanI kRti che. A kRtinI racanA kavie saM. 1668mAM siMdhamAM mulatAnanagaramAM karI hatI. kavie pote rAsanI aMtima DhALamAM nirdeza karyo che te pramANe te samaye mulatAnanagaramAM be bhavya jinAlayo hatAM. temAM ekamAM mULanAyaka zrI sumatinAtha bhagavAnanAM ane bIjAmAM mULanAyaka tarIke zrI pArzvanAtha bhagavAnanAM pratimAjI birAjamAna hatAM. kavi lakhe che : sihara baDA mulatANa viseSA, kAna suyA aba dekhyA che, sumatinAtha zrIpAsa jigaMdA mULanAyaka sukhakaMdha . e samaye siMdhanuM mulatAnanagara ghaNuM suprasiddha hatuM. tyAM jainonI vasati paNa sArA pramANamAM hovI joIe. te samaye tyAM vasatA eka zreSThI jesalamerA zrAvaka, karamacaMda rahaDanA AgrahathI kavie pote A rAsanI racanA karI che evo nirdeza kavivara samayasuMdara ane emanI be rAsakRtio 95

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paNa temaNe rAsamAM karyo che. juo : siMdhU zrAvaka sadA sobhAgI guru gacchakA bahu rAgI be, jANa zrAvaka te jesalamera marama lahaI dhama kera be. karamacaMda rIhaDa jANItA sAhe sadA vadItA be. tasu Agraha kari e graMtha kIdhA, nAma mohaNavela dIdhA che. kavie A kRtinI racanA karIne ene "mohanavela evuM apaharanAma paNa ApyuM che. A rAsanI racanA karatAM pahelAM kavie bIjI keTalIka rAsa-kRtionI paNa racanA karI che, jemAMthI sAMbapradyumna rAsa' ane 'cAra pratyeka buddhano rAsa'no nirdeza kavie pote A rAsanA AraMbhamAM ja karyo che. A parathI joI zakAya che ke A rAkRtinA sarjana mATe kavi siddhahasta banI cUkyA hatA. kavivara samayasuMdare A rAsanI racanA traNa khaMDamAM, DhAla ane duhAmAM karI che. prathama khaMDamAM 13 DhAla, dvitIya khaMDamAM 13 DhAla ane tRtIya khaMDamAM 12 DhAla kavie prayojI che. A rAsanAM kathA-vastu mATe mRgAvatInuM jainomAM suprasiddha aitihAsika caritra kavie pasaMda karyuM che. mRgAvatI bhagavAna mahAvIranA samayamAM zatAnIka rAjAnAM rANI hatAM. bhagavAna mahAvIra pAse e dIkSA laI sAdhvI thayAM che. bhagavAna emane pravartinI caMdanabAlAnI ziSyA banAve che. mRgAvatInuM sthAna satIomAM mokhare che. prAtaHsmaraNIya soLa satIomAM emanI gaNanA thAya che. sUryAsta thaI gayA chatAM bhagavAna mahAvIranI parSadAmAM vadhu samaya rokAvAne kAraNa caMdanabALA taraphathI Thapako maLatAM mRgAvatI pazcAttApa ane AlocanA karatAM karatAM kevaLajJAna prApta kare che. potAnAM guraNI karatAM pote vaheluM kevaLajJAna pAme che ane enI khabara paDatAM jaina praNAlikA anusAra guraNI caMdanabAlA ziSyA mRgAvatIne vaMdana kare che, kevalIne namaskAra kare che. mRgAvatI ceTaka rAjAnI dIkarI hatAM. zatAnIka rAjA sAthe emanAM lagna thayAM hatAM. lagna pachI sagarbhAvasthAmAM vicitra dohadane kAraNe emane viyoganuM keTaluM duHkha sahana karavuM paDe che ! vanamAM putra udayanakumArane janma Ape che ane keTalAMka varSa pachI zatAnIka sAthe emano meLApa thAya che. enI ghaTanA rasika che. eka citArA upara vahema AvatAM zatAnIka citArAne kevI sajA kare che ane vera levA citAro caMDapradyota rAjAne kevI rIte uzakere che ane pariNAme kevI kevI ghaTanAo bane che tenuM paNa rasika Alekhana A rAsamAM kavie karyuM che. rAsanA trIjA khaMDamAM mRgAvatInI dIkSAnuM, emane prApta thayela kevaLajJAnanuM ane nirvANanuM varNana che. sAmAnya rIte jaina kathAomAM kathAnAyaka ke kathAnAyikAnA 96 : sAhityadarzana

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nirvANaprAptinA prasaMgathI kathAnuM samApana thAya che tema ahIM paNa mRgAvatInA nirvANanA prasaMga sAthe kathAnuM samApana thAya che. kavi samayasuMdara potAnI rAsakRtiomAM mAtra kathAkAra tarIke ja nahIM paNa eka kuzaLa siddhahasta kavi tarIke kathAprasaMgonuM nirUpaNa kare che, ane temAM jyAM jyAM avakAza maLe tyAM tyAM potAnA Alekhanane rasika banAve che. nagaranuM varNana hoya, utsavanuM varNana hoya, nAyaka ke nAyikAnuM varNana hoya ke sukhaduHkhanA prasaMgonuM varNana hoya, temAM kavi potAnI kalpanAnA raMgo pUryA vagara rahI zakatA nathI. zatAnIka rAjA ane kauzAmbI nagarInuM varNana karatAM kavi lakhe che : tiNa desa kosaMbI purI, jANe IndrapurI avatarI; vibudha loka gurunaI ghaI mAna, jaya sobhita bahu sukha saMtAna. jamunA nadI vahaI jasu pAsi, jANi jaladhi muMkI (ka) haI tAsa ratana mAharA lIdhA mathI, ghau muja tujajha amUrati nathI. prAsAda saMga upara pUtalI, kamala netra naI kaTi pAtalI jANi nagara ridhi jovA bhaNI amara suMdarI AvI ghaNI. rAsanI nAyikA mRgAvatInuM zabdacitra kavie eka pachI eka ema bAreka kaDImAM suMdara, manohara doryuM che! vastuta: kavie e mATe eka AkhI DhAla prathama khaMDanI bIjI DhAla) yojI che, eTaluM ja nahIM e DhAlanuM nAma paNa "nAyakAnI DhAla' evuM prayojyuM che. mRgAvatInA varNanamAM kavie je upamAdi alaMkAro prayojyA che te juo : spAma veNI daMDa sobatau re, upara rAkhaDi opa re mRgAvatI ahi rUpa dekhaNa Aviyau re lAla, mastaki maNi ATopa re, biMduM gamA guMthI mIDhalI re, bAMdhyau timara mithyAta re, mugAvatI, vici samathau siMdarIyau re lAla, pragaTyau dharama prabhAta re. sati dala bhAli jItI thakale re, sevaI Isara deva re mRgAvatI, gaMgA nadi tapasyA karaI re lAla, ciMtAtura nitameva re mRgAvatI nayana kamalanI pAMkhaDI re aNiAlI anurUpa re haThi vadhatI haTakI rahI re lAla, dekhi zravaNa do kUpa re niramala trIkhI nAsikA re, jANe dIvA dhAra re, kAlimA kihAM dIsaI nahIM re lAla, na balaI sneha lagAra re. mukha pUnima kau caMdalau re, vANI amRta samAna re kalaMka doSa dUri Talyau re lAla, sIla taNI parabhAri re kiMTha kokilathI 2u re, te tau eka vasaMta re e bAre mAsa sarikhI re lAla, rUpaI phera anaMta re. kavivara samayasuMdara ane emanI be rAsakRtio 97

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kuyalI bAMha kalAvihA re, kamala sukomala hAtha re riddhi anaI siddhi devatA re lAla, nitya vasaI be sAtha re. hRdaya kamala ati ruDuM re, dharmabuddhi AvAsa re kaTi laMka jIta kesarI re lAla, sevaI nita vanavAsa re. mRgAvatInuM jyAre bhAreDa pakSIe apaharaNa karyuM tyAre mRgAvatI je vyathA anubhave che ane vilApa kare che tenuM varNana karatAM kavie mRgAvatInA mukhamAM mUkelA zabdo 'naLAkhyAnanI damayaMtInA vilApanuM smaraNa karAve che : karaI re vilApa mRgAvatI, rAya, ko choDAvAI huM jIvana prANa samI hutI rAya. bhAraMDa paMkhI huM apaharI caya, caraNa bihu mahi le dharI; nakha prahAra bahu vedanA rAya, viraha vyathA be vedanA: kuTuMba thakI huM vIchuDI rAya, huM abalA saMkaTa paDI, sIhamukhaI paDI miragalI rAya, sIcAI mukha ciDakalI maMjAra mukhi chachuMdarI rAya, sApa mukhaI muhi uMdarI. mRgAvatI rANInI bhALa lAgyA pachI zatAnIka rAjA potAnI rANI ane putra sAthe jyAre nagaramAM praveza kare che tyAre e prasaMgane nagaranA loko utsava tarIke manAve che. e utsavanuM suMdara vigatapracura varNana kavi prathama khaMDanI chellI DhAlamAM kare che. kavi lakhe che : vAgA jAgI Dhola, hekhi, vAgA jAgI Dhola Ayau kosaMbI kerau rAjI u; vAgA bhugala bhe,i he sakhi, vAgA bhugala bheri nAdaI jANe kari aMbara gAjI u; vAgA veNi mRdaMga, he sakhi, vAgA veNi mRga saMkha taNA vadi sabada suhAmaNA. vAgA tAlA kaMsAla, he sakhi, vAgarA tAlA kasAla dhari dhari ucchava raMga vadhAmaNA; siNagAya savi hATa, he sakhi, siNagAya lAla paTebara aMbara chAyA; bAMdhyAM toraNa bAri he sakhi, bAMdhyA saghalI galIe phUla vichAyA; pAkhariyA pATauDa he sakhi, pAkhariyA - tAjA turaMgama tejI hIMsatA mada jharatA mAtaMga he sakhi, mada jharatA ucA jANe hari parabata dIsatA. 98 ka sAhityadarzana

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zatAnIka rAjAnA mahelamAM citro cItaravA mATe eka nipuNa nAmano citAro Ave che. e je vidhavidha citro dore che tenuM varNana samayasuMdare rasika rIte karyuM che. kavi lakhe che : Isaranau rUpa cItaryau re, ahi AzraNa ruMDamAla re, caMdrakalA gaMgA siraI re, vRSabha vAhana kaThe mALa re; rUpa brahmA taNI cItaryauM re caturmukha bUDhau TAla re, hAtha kamaMDala jala bharyau re, janoI jaya mAla re. mugala kAbilI sudhA cItaryA re, mukha rAtA cUcI akhi re mAthI moTA pAghaDa TraMmaNA re, te jANaI tIra nAkhi re rU5 phiraMgI kIdhA kUTa re, moDaI mAthaI cepa re, DhIlA pahiraI sUthaNa kothalA re, cheDyA karaI vahu kopa re habasI cItaryA kAlA ati ghaNuM 2, pAMDura varaNa paThANa re garaDhA kAjI cItaryA re vAMcatA kataba kurANa re.' ahIM kavie citAra pAse je vividha citro, AkRtio, prasaMgonuM Alekhana karAvyuM che temAM kAlavyatikramano doSa jaNAya che. ahIM mRgAvatIno samaya te bhagavAna mahAvIrano samaya che eTale ke AjathI 2500 varSa pahelAMno samaya che, je samaye bhAratamAM haju mogalo, kAbulIo, phiraMgIo, habasIono praveza thayo nahoto. kavie ahIM potAnA samayamAM jovA maLatI A badhI jAtiono nirdeza karyo che jemAM vastutaH kAlavyatikramano doSa jaNAya che. alabatta, kavinA bacAvapakSe jo kahevuM hoya to ema kahI zakAya ke A nipuNa citArAne devI prasAdane kAraNe evI zakti sAMpaDI hatI ke jene lIdhe bhaviSyamAM bananArI ghaTanAone paNa te AlekhI zakato hato, ethI mogala, phiraMgIo vagereno kavie karelo nirdeza ayogya nathI. alabatta, A prakArano bacAva bahu sAmarthyavALo na gaNI zakAya. kavi samayasuMdara jema upamAdi arthAlaMkAro sahaja rIte prayojI zake che tema prAsAnuprAsAdi zabdAlaMkAro paNa sahaja rIte prayojI zake che. rAsanI racanAmAM aMtyAnuprAsa ghaNo mahattvano che, ane A rAsanI pratyeka kaDImAM kavie aMtyAnuprAsanI sahaja saMkalanA karI che. kavinuM zabdo paranuM prabhutva asAdhAraNa che ane tethI temanI zabdAlaMkArayukta paMktiomAM kyAMya AyAsa dekhAto nathI. zabdAlaMkAramAM paNa kavi ekanA eka zabdo javalle ja prayoje che, eTaluM ja nahi, kavi keTalIka vakhata to zabdone yatheccha ramADatA hoya tevuM paNa jovA maLe che. prathama khaMDanI navamI DhAlamAM kavie keTalIka kaDIomAM anunAsikano upayoga karIne aMtyAnuprAsane kevo madhura karNapriya banAvyo che ! emAMnI thoDIka paMktio juo : kavivara samayasuMdara ane emanI be rAsakRtio 99

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nRpa Agali nirakhaI vanatIre, tApasa Azrama guhira gaMbhIra; aMba kadaba caMpaka kaNavIre, agara tagara nAlora ebIra. nAga punAga sAga jamIre tAla tamAla asoka usIre, vRkSa mUla siMcita bahu nIre, kokila nAda anopama kIra. madhyabhAga maTha uTaja kuTIre, baIThA tApasa vRddha zarIra, mastaki keza jaTA koTIre, tapa japa kiriyA sAhasa dhIra. rAkhaI nahi ko dhAta kathIra, parigahana dharaI eka kasara', vanala bhakSa karavA nIre, ke cIbhaDa kAliMga matIra, riSi cAlaI nahi jihAM vaheI sIra, hari mRga ati nakulANa na pIra, pADaI nahIM tarukUla samIre, tApasa sabala haTaka naI hIre. arthAlaMkAra ane zabdAlaMkAra prayojavAmAM kavi samayasuMdara siddhahasta che, tema tatkAlIna pracalita lokoktio, rUDha prayogo, kahevato ItyAdine paNa rAsanI paMktiomAM vaNI levAmAM kavinI kuzalatA joI zakAya che. kavie A rAsamAM prasaMge prasaMge evI suMdara paMktio prayojI che. udAharaNa tarIke nIcenA paMktikhaMDo juo : bAli sonau je kAnanaI troDaI; jala bina kima rahaI mAchalI chelsau jAna ghaNuM gharaghuraI; khIlI kAja ma DhAI AvAsa pAgala meru parvati puugaI; sutau siMha jagADyau, rayAvara mitra jeha naI tehaNa dAridra jAya tanakAla sukha sarasava dukha meru samAna; kanaka muMDI naMga vihuNI 1cha ka sAhityadarzana

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rasavatI jema alUNI be kata vinA jyama nAri viraMgI rAga vinA Dhola na caMgI be. kavi samayasuMdara saMgItanA ghaNA sArA jANakAra hatA. temaNe racelI judIjudI rAkRtiomAM DhALonI je judAjudA rAgamAM racanA karI che tenA parathI AnI pratIti thAya che. mRgAvatIcaritra copAImAM emaNe traNa khaMDamAM badhuM maLIne ADatrIsa DhAlanI racanA karI che. emAM emaNe bhUpAla, kedAro, gauDI, AsAvarI, dhanyAsI, malhAra, rAmagrI mAruNI, siMdhUDo, sAraMgamAra, jaItazrI, parajiyo, soraThI vagere rAgarAgiNI prayojyAM che je batAve che ke samayasuMdara vividha rAgarAgiNImAM DhALanI racanA karavAmAM ghaNA kuzaLa hatA. samayasuMdare e sAthesAthe potAnA samayamAM pracalita ane lokapriya banI cUkelI geya paMktio arthAt tatkAlIna lokapracalita dezIono upayoga paNa A rAsamAM karyo che. kAraNa kuMNa samA raI dehA', dhana dhana avaMtI sukamAla', "suguNa sanehI mere lAlA', "hariyA mana lAgau', "RSabhadeva morA ho', "catura sanehI mohanA', "ruDI re bhAraNi rAmalA padminI re', "naEUR gaI merI natya gaI merI natya gaI', "mUMjhanaI cAra saraNA hajyo', "sImaMdhara sAmI sAMbhaLau vinaMtI avadhArau, huM mAliNa rAjA rAmakI', "suNa merI sajanI rajanI na jAvaI re', piuDA mAnau bahola hamArau re, "jinajI tuma darasaNa mujha naI vAlahu re, niMdA ma karijyo koI pArakI re, "sAdhunaI viharAvyuM kaDavuM tuMbaDuM re' ityAdi dezIo samayasuMdaranA samayamAM pracalita haze teno A uparathI ApaNane khyAla Ave che. enI sAthesAthe e paNa ApaNe joI zakIe chIe ke samayasuMdara A rAsanI racanAmAM geyatAnI daSTie zakya eTaluM vaividhya ANavAno prayatna karyo jaina sAdhukavione hAthe lakhAtI rAsakRtiomAM dharmopadezanuM tattva sIdhI ke ADakatarI rIte AvyA vinA rahe nahi. sAmAnya rIte kavio potAnI rAsakRti mATe je kathAnako pasaMda kare te paNa evAM hoya ke jemAM dharmopadeza mATe ThIkaThIka avakAza rahe. samayasuMdare mRgAvatInuM caritra A rAsakRti mATe pasaMda karyuM che. mRgAvatI e bhagavAna mahAvIranA samayamAM vidyamAna evAM eka tejasvI satI gaNAyAM che, je saMyamadharma pALI kevalajJAna prApta karI mokSapada pAme che. mRgAvatInuM jIvana sukhaduHkhathI sabhara che. duHkhanA samayamAM paNa teo potAnA dharmane cUkatAM nathI. viSama kasoTImAMthI e pAra paDe che ane satI tarIke paMkAya che. kavivara samayasuMdara ane emanI be rAsakRtio A 101

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A rAsamAM mRgAvatIne mAthe jyAre saMkaTa AvI paDe che tyAre satI strIone mAthe kevAM kevAM saMkaTo AvI paDe che ane temAMthI teo kevI rIte pAra Utare che tenuM temane smaraNa thAya che. kavie A prasaMge dasamI DhAlamAM ekaeka kaDImAM, ekaeka satIno prasaMga varNavyo che. e pramANe sItA, madanarekhA, padmAvatI, damayaMtI, draupadI, narmadA suMdarI, kalAvatI, aMjanAsuMdarI, ratisuMdarI, RSidatA, kamalA, subhadrA vagere satIonAM zIlano mahimA kavie varNavyo che. mRgAvatI vize A rAsa hoI emAM zIlanA mahimAnA nirUpaNane kavi dvArA mahattva apAya e svAbhAvika che. rAsanA prAraMbhamAM ja kavi zIlano mahimA darzAve che. kavi kahe che : dhana sIla tapa bhAvanA Are dharama pradhAna; - sIla sarIkhau ko nahI, Ima bolaI dUdhamAna. kanaka koDi ko dAna I, kanaka taNo jina geha; sIla adhika e bihu thakI, IhAM ko nahi saMdeha. sahasa caurAsI sAdhanaI paDilAbhyAM phla jeha; sukila kasiNa pakhi daMpatI, jamADyAM la neha, cauThi IndracaraNa naI, je pAlaI sudha sIla; Iha bhavi pUjA pada lahaI parabhava pAmaI lIla. praha UThI sahu ko japaI sIlavaMtanA nAma, bahUAmI caMdanabAlikA ItyAdika abhirAma. rAsakRtiomAM keTalIka vAra enA kartA kavio rAsamAM vacce vacce pragaTapaNe sIdho upadeza ApavA lAgatA hoya che. paraMtu A rAsamAM samayasuMdare kyAMya e rIte pragaTapaNe sIdho upadeza Apyo nathI. alabatta, prasaMgAnusAra emaNe keTaleka sthaLe dharmanI vAta sAMkaLI lIdhI che. udAharaNa tarIke, mRgAvatI ane zatAnIka rAjAnuM milana thAya che ane teo kauzAmbInagarI pAchA phare che e prasaMge mRgAvatI keTaluMka dharmakArya kare che tenuM varNana karatAM kavi lakhe che : mRgAvatInA karuM vakhANa, prathama choDAvyA baMdavANa; lAkhINau lIdhau sobhAga, sAcau jIva dayA rAga. hIna dIna dukhiyA udharAI, dAna puNya paNi adhikA karaI; duSkara tapakiriyA AdaraI, pAlaI sIla sadA mana kharI. ArAdhaI eka arihaMta deva, sudhA sAdhu taNI karaI seva; ApaI gupta supAtraI dhana. paNi ligAra na karaI abhimAna. sAtamI naI bali sAhamiNi taNI, bhagati jugati rANI karaI dhaNI; 10ra sAhityadarzana

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dharama karaI sudha zrAvaka taNau, paNi vaIrAga dhana ati ghaNau. riddhi dekhI naI na karaI garva, jANaI athira anitya e sarva; kuTuMba saMbaMdha kAramau tisau, taru paMkhI nau melau tisau. krodha mAna mAyA li lobha, adhika karatA na caDhAI sobha; ima jANI vArai tehanaI, dhanya tike jIpaI ehanaI. caMDapradyotanA AkramaNa samaye zatAnIka rAjA atyaMta asvastha ane kSubdha banI jAya che, ane AkramaNano AghAta na jIravAtAM eno aMta samaya jyAre pAse AvI pahoMce che tyAre te samaye potAnA patine AzvAsana ApatAM mRgAvatI je zabdo kahe che te juo : amta taNI ciMtA mata karaI, teM samira zrI vItarAga; saMsAranI mAyA tajI, tuM vAli mana vayAgojI. jagamAMhi ko kehanau nahIM, kArimau sagapaNa eha, vihaDaMtA velA khinna nahIM, taDaphaI pakaDaI jima treojI dohilauM Ahija khetra e, dohilau mANasa jamma; saMjoga gurunau dohilau, dohilau vali jiNa dhammojI rAgadveSa nAgye kehasuM, mana ANi samatA bhAva, vayara viruyA chaI ghaNuM, khAmiyaI INa prastAvojI, jina zAsanaI jinavara kahyA e, jIva caurAsI lAkhojI; khAmaje trikaraNa suddharyuM, vItarAga devanI sAkhojI, saMsAranA kAraNa kahyA, pADuyA pApa aDhAra, micchA dukkaDa dIjiyaI, cItAra naI cItArojI; naukAra manamAMhi rAkhije, jihAM paMca zrI paramika prayu dekhi cora sUlI caDhau, deva(tA) taNA sukha dikojI. dhana nArI eha mamRgAvatI, nijAviyau nija kaMta, tayAga DhAla IgyAramI, kahaI samayasuMdara teMtojI. mRgAvatI jyAre bhagavAna mahAvIra pAse dIkSA le che te samaye bhagavAna mahAvIra emane je bodha Ape che, temAM sAdhu-sAdhvIonAM paMcamahAvrata tathA sAdhusAdhvIonI sAmAcArIno nirdeza jovA maLe che. trIjA khaMDanI chaThThI DhAlanI thoDIka paMktio juo : jJAna zuM kiriyA sivasukhAI re, aMdha suM paMgu nagarI pAI re, guru guruNI nau vacana na lope re sIkha deya N tuM mata kope re. kavivara samayasuMdara ane emanI be rAsakRtio * 103

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paMcamahAvrata sudhA pAle re AhAra baItAlIsa dUSaNa TAle re. thoDA paNi tuM gRhasthaprasaMgA re ma kirisa IMNathI cArita bhaMgA re. kuTuMba upara tuM nANe mAyA re, ke kehanI mAtA kehanI jAyA re. mitra naI satru giNaje sarikha re, mata tuM bole bhASA mirA re. triNa maNi kaMcana sarakhA jANe re samatA bhAva tUM sUI ANe re. vinaya veyAvaca sahunI karaje re dasa vidha samAcArI dhiraje reM. mRgAvatI jyAre bhagavAna mahAvIranI parSadAmAMthI moDAM Ave che ane ethI emanAM guruNI caMdanabALA te mATe je Thapako Ape che te prasaMge potAnI bhUla mATe mRgAvatI je pazcAttApa kare che tathA e pazcAttApanA sAcA ane utkaTa bhAvathI sarva pratye je kSamApanA kare che ane ethI kevaLajJAna pAme che e prasaMganuM Alekhana karatI vakhate kavi dharmatattvane vaNI le che. Ama, AvA thoDAka prasaMge samayasuMdare dharmopadezanA tattvane gUMthI lIdhuM che, paraMtu rAsamAM te eTaluM sahaja rIte vaNAI gayeluM che ke jethI kyAMya rasakSati thatI hoya tevuM jaNAtuM nathI. samayasuMdaranA samayamAM gujarAta ane rAjasthAnamAM bolAtI lokabhASAmAM bahu jhAjho pharaka na hato. jaina sAdhukavionI eka viziSTatA e hoya che ke teo koIpaNa eka sthaLe satata lAMbA samaya sudhI rahetA nathI hotA. teo eka sthaLethI bIje sthaLe haMmezAM vicaratA hoya che. pariNAme, teonI potAnI bolavAnI ane lakhavAnI bhASAmAM vividha prAdezika chAMTanuM saMmizraNa thatuM rahe che. teono vicaravAno pradeza sAmAnya rIte gujarAta ane rAjasthAnano vadhu hoya che eTale temanI bhASAmAM gujarAtI ane rAjasthAnI bhASAnAM lakSaNo avAranavAra jovA maLe che. samayasuMdara rAjasthAnanA vatanI hatA ane gujarAtamAM paNa amadAvAda vagere sthaLe ghaNo samaya vicaryAM hatA. A uparAMta emanA samayamAM rAjasthAnanI sarahada upara siMdha pradezamAM jainonI ghaNI vastI hatI. A rAsanI racanA samayasuMdare siMdha pradezanA mulatAnanagaramAM rahIne karI hatI. ethI sahaja rIte emaNe A rAsamAM eka DhAlanI racanA siMdhu bhASAnI 104 * sAhityadarzana

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chAMTavALI karelI che. samayasuMdara pote bhASA upara asAdhAraNa prabhutva dharAvatA hatA. saMskRtamAM emaNe eka vAkyanA ATha lAkha artha thAya evA graMthanI racanA karI che, je graMtha prakAzita paNa thayelo che. vaLI samayasuMdara tejasvI kavi paNa hatA. eTale siMdhubhASAnI chAMTavALI DhAlanI racanA karavI e emane mATe sahaja vAta hatI. A DhAla A rAsanuM eka aneruM lakSaNa banI rahe che. kavinI nIcenI paMktio jovAthI tenI pratIti thaze : celI be taI kItA aparAdha, rAti AI karyuM ekelI, maIDI. celI be. tuM caMgIthI jANuM huNa karyuM zuM tuM bekalI; sUMI maMgha kItA ehu samavasaraNa bici bahu rahI celI taI kItA paramAda, asA nIli AI nahI. celI sAdhakA nahIM AcAra, tihi vasAI huM AkhI celI maI jANI gaI calli, nahi tau taikuM na rAkhahI celI maSThi asADI sikSa gunaha tusADA mApha haI celI micchAdukkaDa dehu, rAti calyAMkA pApa haI celI navamI DhAla rasAya, siMdhu bhASA sohadI yelI samayasuMdara kahaI sacca, bhaNu asADA mohadI. kavivara samayasuMdare A rAsakRtimAM eka aitihAsika kathAvastune AlekhyuM che. rAsamAM prasaMgAnusAra kavie duhA ane DhAlanI racanA karI che ane 745 jeTalI kaDImAM kathAnakanuM nirUpaNa karyuM che. duhA ane DhAlanuM Ayojana kavie sapramANa karyuM che ane rAgarAgiNInI dRSTie ene vaividhyasabhara banAvyuM che. mRgAvatI rANI, zatAnIka rAjA, jugaMdhara maMtrI, udayanakumA2, nipuNa citAro, caMDapradyota rAjA, bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI, caMdanabAlA ityAdinAM pAtrone paNa kavie yogya rIte varNavyAM ane vikasAvyAM che. AlekhanamAM kavie sAmAnya rIte kyAMya bijanarUrI vistAra thavA dIdho nathI. mRgAvatInA dohadano prasaMga, bhAraMDapakSIe karelA apaharaNano prasaMga, citArAno prasaMga, caMDapradyotanA AkramaNano prasaMga, bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmInA samavasaraNano prasaMga. caMdanabALAe mRgAvatIne ApelA ThapakAno prasaMga ane kSamApanA karatAM mRgAvatIne prApta thayelA kevaLajJAnano prasaMga ityAdi prasaMgo kavie rasika rIte nirUpyA che. kavie rAsamAM dharmopadezanI bAbatone paNa sahaja rIte, rasakSakSita na thAya e rIte, balke, kathAvastunA nirUpaNane poSaka bane e rIte gUMthI lIdhI che. bhASAnI dRSTie kavie potAnA samayanI gujarAta-rAjasthAnamAM pracalita kavivara samayasuMdara ane emanI be rAsakRtio 105

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tatkAlIna gujarAtI bhASA sAthe siMdhu bhASAnI aMdara eka DhAla prayojIne rAsanI viziSTatA vadhArI dIdhI che. Ama samagra dRSTie jotAM mRgAvatI caritra copAI' e ApaNA eka siddhahasta jaina sAdhukavine hAthe lakhAyelI, ApaNA rAsasAhityamAM anokhI bhAta pADatI eka mahattvanI kRti che. (3) valkalacIrI rAsa I.sa.nA soLamAsattaramA zatakanA jainakaviomAM kavivara samayasuMdaranuM sthAna anokhuM che. saMskRta, prAkRta tema ja gujarAtI bhASAmAM vyAkaraNa, nyAya, jyotiSa, itihAsa prabaMdha, rAsa-copAI, bAlAvabodha, stavana, sajjhAya, gIta ityAdi sAhitya-prakAromAM potAnI vipula ane ucca koTinI sevA ApanAra A vidvAna kavie madhyakALamAM gujarAtI sAhityane samRddha karanAra kaviomAM viziSTa sthAna prApta karyuM che. emaNe sAMbapradyumna copAI, mRgAvatIcaritra copAI, naladavadaMtI rAsa, puNyasAra rAsa, vastupAla-tejapAla rAsa, kSullaka kumAra rAsa, pUMjA RSi rAsa, caMpaka zreSThI copAI, dhanadatta zreSThI copAI, valkalacIrI rAsa, sItArAma copAI, draupadI copAI vagere rAsa-copAInA prakAranI ghaNI racanAo karI che. stavana, gItAdi laghu racanAomAM paNa emanuM sthAna ghaNuM mahattvanuM che. samayasuMdare valkalacIrI rAsa'nI racanA saMvata 1681mAM jesalameranagaramAM mulatAnanA zAha karamacaMdanI AgrahabharI vinaMtIthI karI che. emAM kavie jainomAM suprasiddha evI prasannacaMdra rAjarSi ane valkalacIrInI kathA AlekhI che. sAmAnya rIte kavi samayasuMdara kathAno AdhAra pote kayA graMthamAMthI le che e potAnI rAsaracanAone aMte noMdhe che. paraMtu A rAsane aMte emaNe evo koI nirdeza karyo nathI. 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra'nA pariziSTa parvamAM jaMbusvAmInA caritra pUrve hemacaMdrAcArye valkalacIrInI kathA vigate ApI che. paraMtu enI sAthe samayasuMdaranI A kRti sarakhAvatAM, mukhya mukhya ghaTanAone te barAbara anusaratI hovA chatAM, kavie teno AdhAra lIdho hoya ema lAgatuM nathI. kavie A rAsanI racanA duhA ane judIjudI dezIomAM lakhAyelI DhAlamAM karI che. kadanI dRSTie jotAM A rAsa vinA sItArAma copAI, naladavadaMtI rAsa, draupadI copAI vagere karatAM nAno ane priyamelaka copAI, caMpaka zreSThi copAI, dhanadatta zreSThI copAI, puNyasAra rAsa vagerenI kakSAmAM mUkI zakAya evo che. madhyakALamAM racAyelA jaina rAsAomAM madhyama kadanA rAsa tarIke jene oLakhAvI zakAya evI A racanA che. kavie e mATe kathAvastu paNa ene anurUpa pasaMda 106 : sAhityadarzana

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karyuM che. dasa DhAlanI ane vacce vacce duhAnI kaDIo maLI kula 226 gAthAmAM kavie A racanA karI che. rAsanA AraMbhamAM duhAnI kaDIomAM kavie, cAlI AvatI praNAlikA pramANe, sarasvatI devIne, sadgurune ane pArzvanAtha prabhune praNAma karIne emanI kRpAnI yAcanA karI che. vaLI, ahIM ja emaNe A racanA pAchaLano potAno hetu paNa darzAvI dIdho che. alabatta, Avo hetu, tatkAlIna dhArmika mAnyatAnusAra phalazrutinA prakArano, kRtinuM mAhAtmya darzAvanAro ja hoya che. kavi lakhe che : guNa giruAnA gAvatAM, vali sAdhanA vizeSa; bhava mAMhe bhamiyai nahIM, lahiyai sukha alekha. maisaMyama lIdhau kimai, paNi na palai karuM kema; pApa ghaNA potai sahIM, aTakala kIi ema. tarka paNi bhava tariyA bhaNI, karavau koi upAya; valakalacIrI varaNavuM, jima mujha pAtaka jAya. rAsanI pahelI DhAlamAM kavi kathAno AraMbha magadha dezanI rAjagRha nagarInA varNanathI kare che. A nagarInuM mAhAtmya varNavatAM kavie bhagavAna mahAvIra, dhannA, zAlibhadra, nandana maNiyAra, kayavannA zeTha, jaMbusvAmI, metArya muni, gautama svAmI vagerenAM nAma e nagarI sAthe keTalI gADha rIte saMkaLAyelAM che te sacoTa rIte darzAvyuM che. e rAjagRha nagarInA guNazIla nAmanA caityamAM eka vakhata bhagavAna mahAvI2 samovasaryA hatA. vanapAlaka pAsethI A vadhAmaNI sAMbhaLI zreNika rAjA temane vaMdana karavA mATe nIkaLyA. rastAmAM emaNe eka munivaranAM darzana karyAM, je eka paga 52 UbhA rahI, sUrya samakSa be hAtha UMcA karI kAusagga karI rahyA hatA. juo : mAragamaI munivara milyA, huMvArIlAla, rahyau kAusagi riSirAya re. eka paga Ubhau rahyauM, huMvArIlAla, paga upari dharI pAya re. sUrija sAhanI nAra dhira, huMvArIlAla, be uMcI dharI bAMha re. sIta tAvaDa parIsA sahai, huMvArIlAla, moha nahIM mana mAMha re. zreNika rAjAnI sAthe enA sevako, dUto, sainiko vagere paNa hatA. emAM sumukha ane dumukha nAmanA rAjAnA be dUta vacce A munivaranI tapazcaryA aMge vivAda thayo. sumukhe munivaranA tyAgavairAgyanI ghaNI prazaMsA karatAM vacano uccAryAM : kavivara samayasuMdara ane emanI be rAsakRtio 107

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dhana mAtA jiNa ura dharyauM, dhana pitA dhana vaMza re; ehavau ratana jihAM upanau, suranara karaI parasesa re. darasaNa torala dekhatAM, praNamatAM torA pAya re; Aja nihAla ahe huA, pApa gayA te pulAI re. tU jaMgama tIratha milyau, sUrataru vRkSa samANa re; manavAMchita phalyA moharA, pekhyau puNya pramANa re. paraMtu dumukhe munivarane dhikkAratAM vacano uccAya : dumukha dUta muni dekhinaI, asamaMjasa kahaI ema; pAkhaMDI phiTa pApIyA, kahi vrata lIdhI kema. gRhi vrata gADhau dohilauM, niravAhyau navi jAya; kAyara phiTa taIM zuM kiyala, sahU pUThiI sIdAya. bAlaka thApya bApaDau, nAnhau ghaNuM nipaTTa; vaIrI vahilA vITisya, nagarI ghaNuM nikaTTa. baIyara thArI bApaDI, paDispaI baMdi pragaTTa, naMdana mArI nAMkhisyuI, dala meMhaDe dahavaTTa. "are, A to pAkhaMDI che, pAkhaMDI. putrane gAdI ApI pote tapazcaryA karavA nIkaLyA che, paNa emane khabara nathI ke zatruo vakhata joIne enI nagarIne ghero ghAlaze, enI rANIne keda pakaDaze, enA putrane mArI nAkhaze, ane putra maratAM A niHsaMtAna munine koI piMDadAna deze nahi ane tethI te durgati pAmaze." dumukhanAM AvAM vacana te munine kAne paDyAM. paraMtu rAjA zreNikane A baMne dUtonA vivAdanI kaMI khabara nahotI. teo to jevA A munivara AgaLathI pasAra thayA tevA hAthI parathI UtarI munine praNAma karI AgaLa cAlyA. teo bhagavAna mahAvIra pAse pahoMcyA. bhagavAnanI dezanA sAMbhaLyA pachI zreNika rAjAe prazna karyo, "he bhagavan! rastAmAM meM eka munivarane joyA. ugra tapazcaryA karanAra te munivara jo hamaNAM kALadharma pAme to temanI gati kevA prakAranI thAya ?" bhagavAne kahyuM, "te sAtamI narake jAya." AvI ugra tapazcaryA karanAra sAtamI narake jAya evo javAba sAMbhaLI zreNika rAjAne ghaNuM Azcarya thayuM. temanA manamAM saMzaya thayo. kaMI samaja na paDI eTale thoDI vAra pachI temaNe bhagavAnane pharIthI prazna karyo. bhagavAne kahyuM. have te jo kALadharma pAme to sarvArtha siddhie jAya.' bhagavAnanA AvA uttarathI rAjAne vadhAre saMzaya thayo. bhagavAne khulAso karatAM kahyuM, "dumukhanA vacanathI te muni raudradhyAnamAM ArUDha thayA hatA. temaNe manamAM ne manamAM potAnA zatruo sAthe saMgrAma mAMDyo hato. ane te ja vakhate jo te kALadharma 108 sAhityadarzana

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pAmyA hota to narakagAmI thAta. paraMtu manamAM ne manamAM zatruo para eka pachI eka zastra vaDe prahAra karyA pachI zastro khUTatAM potAnA mastaka parano Topa levA mATe mastaka para kharekhara hAtha mUkyo, ane potAnA loca karelA mastakano khyAla AvatAM teo tarata ja pazcAttApa karavA lAgyA ane zubha dhyAnamAM ArUDha thaI gayA, eTale have jo te kALadharma pAme to svArthasiddhie jAya.' kavi samayasuMdara varNave che : dhyAna bhalau hoyaDaI dharyau, locathI pratibodha lAdhaujI; pApa AloyA ApaNA, sUdha thayau vali sAdhojI. sUdhau thayau vali sAdha tatakhiNa, karama bahula khapAviyA; jima paDayau tima vali caDayau uMcala, uttama paraNAma AviyA. bhAvanA bAra anitya bhAvI, ati visuddha Atama karyau; mUlagI pari muni rahyau kAusagi, dhyAna bhalau hoyaDaI dharyauM. zreNika rAjAe muninI pravajyAnuM kAraNa pUchyuM. bhagavAne vigate vAta kahI : potanapura nAmanA nagaramAM somacaMdra nAme rAjA hato. enI rANInuM nAma dhAriNI. eka vakhata rAjArANI mahelamAM beThAM hatAM te vakhate rAjAnA mastakamAM sapheda vALa joI rANIe kahyuM, deva, juo koI dUta Avyo che." rAjAe Amatema joyuM paNa koI dUta jaNAyo nahi. pachI rANIe sapheda vALa batAvI kahyuM, "juo, A yamano dUta. e joI rAjAe kahyuM, "are! mArA pUrvajo to mAthAmAM sapheda vALa Ave te pahelAM rAjagAdIno tyAga karI vanamAM jatA. paraMtu huM to haju mohamAyAmAM ja phasAyelo chuM. zuM karuM? kumAra prasannacaMdra haju bALaka che. tuM jo enI saMbhALa rAkhavAnuM mAthe le to huM vanavAsI thAuM.' rANIe kahyuM, huM to tamArI sAthe ja vanamAM AvavA icchuM chuM. kumAra bhale nAno rahyo. rAjapuruSo enI saMbhALa leze ane e rAjasukha bhogavaze." tarata teoe nizcaya karyo ane rAjA ane rANI putrane rAjagAdI para sthApI, tApasI dIkSA dhAraNa karI vanamAM jaI tApasAzramanI jhUMpaDImAM rahevA lAgyAM. rANI iMdhaNa lAvatI, gAyanA chANathI jhUMpaDI lIMpatI, ghAsanI zayyA taiyAra karatI; rAjA vanamAMthI cokhA vagere anna laI AvatA. A rIte teo baMne tapa karatAM karatAM potAnA divaso pasAra karavA lAgyAM. kavi lakhe che : ANaI rANI iMdhaNI, vanala phla vizAlo jI, komala vimala taraNe karI, seja sAjai sukamAlo jI. seja sajai sukamAla rANI, iMgudI telaI karI, uTalA upari karaI dIvau, bhagati prahanI mani dharI. kavivara samayasuMdara ane emanI be rAsakRtio 109

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oTalA lipAI ANi gobara, gAI chai tihAM vana taNI, vana vIhi ANaI ApatApasa, ANaI rANI iMdhaNI. tapasyA karacha tApasa taNI, nirakama nAM niramAyo che, sUvuM sIla pAlaI sadA, dhyAna niraMjana bAyo jI. vanamAM gayA pachI thoDA vakhatamAM ja rAjAe rANI dhAriNIne garbhavatI thayelI joI. rAjAe rANIne kAraNa pUchyuM. rANIe kahyuM, gRhasthAvasthAmAM ja huM garbhavatI hatI, paraMtu dIkSA levAmAM aMtarAya thAya eTale meM e vAta te vakhate apragaTa rAkhI hatI." tyAra pachI, garbhakALa pUro thatAM rANIe eka putrane janma Apyo. paraMtu pote prasavamAM ja mAMdI thaI mRtyu pAmI. janmelA bALakane valkalanA vastramAM lapeTavAmAM AvyuM hatuM eTale pitAe enuM nAma "valkalacIrI' rAkhyuM. vanamAM dUdha, vanaphaLa vagere vaDe valkalacIrI' moTo thayo. pazuo sAthe e ramato, pitA pAse bhaNato ane pitAnI sevAcAkarI karato, krame krame e yuvAnImAM pravezyo, paraMtu te taddana bhoLo brahmacArI ja rahyo hato. strI eTale zuM enI paNa ene khabara nahotI. A bAju pitAnI gAdIe Avelo prasannacaMdra moTo thayo ane sukhethI rAjya karavA lAgyo. eNe eka vakhata sAMbhaLyuM ke potAnI mAtAe vanamAM gayA pachI eka putrane janma Apyo che ane e paNa have moTo thaI gayo che. tyAre potAnA e bhAIne maLavA mATe enuM hRdaya bhrAtRsnehathI utkaMThita thaI gayuM. eNe citrakArone bolAvI jaMgalamAM jaI potAnA bhAInuM citra taiyAra karI lAvavAnI AjJA karI. citrakAro te pramANe citra banAvI lAvyA. e joI prasannacaMdrane ghaNo AnaMda thayo. potAnA bhAInA citrane chAtIe vaLagADI te vicAra karavA lAgyo ke, "pitAjI to vRddhAvasthAmAM vanamAM vairAgya dhAraNa karI utsAhapUrvaka tapa kare che, paraMtu mAro nAno bhAI taruNa avasthAmAM AvuM kaSTa uThAve ane huM rAjyasukha bhogavuM e yogya nathI." eTale prasannacaMdra rAjAe keTalIka kuzala vezyAone bolAvI kahyuM, "tame munino veza dhAraNa karI vanamAM jAo ane vividha kaLAo vaDe mArA bhAInuM mana AkarSI ene ahIM laI Avo." vezayAo bila, phala vagere laI vanamAM tApasAzramamAM gaI. valkalacIrIe UThIne emanuM svAgata karyuM ane pUchyuM, 'tame kyAMthI Avo cho ?" vezyAoe kahyuM, potanapuranA AzramamAMthI." valkalacIrIe emane AzramanAM phaLa khAvA ApyAM. vezyAoe pote lAvelAM phaLa valkalacIrIne cakhADyAM ane kahyuM, 'tamArAM phaLa sAva nIrasa che. amArAM phaLa keTalAM svAdiSTa che !' valkalacIrIe vezyAonI chAtI para sparza karI kahyuM, 'tamArI chAtI para A phaLa zuM che ? vezyAoe kahyuM, "amArA 110 - sAhityadarzana

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AzramamAM rahenArane puNyodayathI AvuM phaLa prApta thAya che. tame amArA Azrame cAlo.' valkalacIrIe kahyuM, "hA, jarUra mane laI jAo.' valkalagIrI vezyAo sAthe javA mATe saMketasthAne gayo. tyAMthI vezyAo sAthe thoDeka gayo tyAM sAmethI somacaMdra RSi AvavAnA samAcAra maLatAM vezyAo Amatema nAsI gaI. valkalacIrI temane zodhato zodhato vanamAM bhaTakavA lAgyo, paNa koI vezyA tene dekhAI nahi. evAmAM vanamAM eka rathI tenA jovAmAM Avyo. eNe rathIne pUchyuM, "tame kayAM jAo cho ?" rathIe kahyuM, huM potanapura jAuM chuM." rathIe valkalacIrIne lADu khAvA ApyA. ethI to te potanapuranA Azrama javA mATe vadhAre utsuka thaI gayo. te rathanI pAchaLa pAchaLa cAlavA lAgyo. rastAmAM keTalAka core rathI upara humalo karyo. jhapAjhapImAM ghAyala thayelA core potAnuM badhuM dhana rathIne ApI dIdhuM. potanapuramAM pahoMcatAM rathIe te dhanamAMthI keTaluMka - valkalacIrIne ApatAM kahyuM, 'A le tAro bhAga. e vinA ahIM tane kyAMya rahevA ke khAvApIvA kazuM maLaze nahi." valkalacIrI potanapuramAM Azcaryamugdha banI Amatema bhamavA lAgyo ane lokone tAta ! tAta !" kahI bolAvavA lAgyo. loko enA bhoLapaNa para hasavA lAgyA. ema karatAM sAMja paDI gaI, paraMtu valkalacIrIne rahevA mATe kyAMya Azraya maLyo nahi, kavi lakhe che : Apaiko nahi Asarala, rahiyA riSi naI kAma; vahato vezyA vari gayauM, e uTaja abhiprAma. dravya ghaNau deI karI, rahyau munIsara raMga; vezyA AvI vilasatI, uttama dITha aMga. Ama, vezyAne tyAM paisA ApIne valkalacarI rahyo. vezyAe hajAmane bolAvI enA lAMbA lAMbA vALa ane nakha utarAvyA, snAna vagere'vaDe enA zarIrane nirmaLa, sugaMdhita karAvyuM. suMdara vastro paheravA ApyAM ane potAnI dIkarI sAthe enuM pANigrahaNa karAvI utsava manAvyo. valkalacIrIne A badho navo anubhava ghaNo Azcaryajanaka lAgyo. A bAju, valkalacIrIne levA mATe gayelI vezyAoe potanapura AvI prasannacaMdra rAjAne badho vRttAnta kahyo. e sAMbhaLI rAjAne potAnA bhAInI ciMtA thavA lAgI. teNe nATaka, gIta, vinoda vagereno niSedha karyo. rAtre tene UMgha paNa AvI nahi. te zokamAM rAtri pasAra karato hato te vakhate teNe gIta vAjiMtrono nAda sAMbhaLyo. eNe rAjapuruSone kahyuM, mArA AvA zokamaya prasaMge kone tyAM utsava kavivara samayasuMdara ane emanI be rAsakRtio 111

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thaI rahyo che ? tapAsa karo.' tarata rAjapuruSo pelI vezyAne pakaDI lAvyA. vezyAe kahyuM, 'rAjan ! mArA ghare eka RSiputra Avyo che, tenI sAthe mArI dIkarI meM paraNAvI che. mATe mAre tyAM vAjiMtro vAgatAM hatAM. tamArA zokaprasaMganI mane khabara nahi, mATe mane kSamA karo.' A sAMbhaLI RSiputra mATe rAjAne saMzaya thayo. RSiputrane o khavA mATe eNe pelA citra sAthe keTalAka mANasone mokalyA. te parathI jaNAyuM ke RSiputra te potAno bhAI ja che. eTale eNe potAnA bhAIne hAthI para besADI rAjamahelamAM bolAvI lIdho. rAjAe ene nAgarika saMskAra ane ziSTAcAra zIkhavyA ane ene keTalIka suMdara kanyAo paraNAvI. A bAju, AzramamAM valkalacIrIne na jotAM somacaMdra RSine ghaNuM du:kha thayuM ane enI ciMtAmAM ne ciMtAmAM teo aMdha thaI gayA. bIjA tApaso vanaphaLa vagere lAvI ApI temanI sevA karatA hatA. pAchaLathI jyAre keTalAka tApasa mAraphata emane samAcAra maLyA ke valkalacIrI potanapuramAM potAnA bhAInI sAthe ja che tyAre temane kaMIka sAMtvana maLyuM. potanapuramAM AvIne rahye valkalacIrIne jotajotAMmAM bAra varSa vItI gayAM. eka divasa rAtre te acAnaka jAgI gayo ane potAnA AzramajIvanano vicAra karavA lAgyo. potAnA pitAnuM smaraNa thatAM, temanI sthiti vize ciMtAtura thatAM te potAnI jAtane dhikkAravA lAgyo. teNe vanamAM jaI pharI pitAnI sevA karavAnI potAnI icchA prasannacaMdra AgaLa vyakta karI. prasannacaMdra paNa taiyAra thaI gayo. baMne bhAIo AzramamAM somacaMdra pAse AvI pahoMcyA, ane rAjarSinA caraNamAM potAnuM mastaka namAvyuM. potAnA baMne putrone maLavAthI somacaMdrane atyaMta harSa thayo. temanI AMkhamAMthI harSAzruo vahevA lAgyAM ane tenI sAthe ja temano aMdhApo paNa cAlyo gayo. valkalacIrI eka kuTiramAM gayo to tyAM tApasanAM upakaraNo joI ene jAtismaraNa jJAna thayuM. ene potAnA manuSyabhava ane devabhavanuM smaraNa thayuM. tarata tyAM ne tyAM sAdhupaNAnA AdarzanuM dhyAna dharatAM dharatAM ane AtmAnI ucca bhAvanA bhAvatAM bhAvatAM ene kevaLajJAna prApta thayuM. te ja vakhate devatAoe pragaTa thaI ene sAdhuveza Apyo. valkalacIrI kevaLIe somacaMdra ane prasannacaMdrane pratibodha Apyo ane pachI pote bIje vihAra karI gayA. potAnA nAnA bhAInI AvI ucca dazA joI prasannacaMdrane paNa vairAgya utpanna thayo. te potanapura pAchA AvyA. te rAjya karatA hatA paraMtu enA hRdayamAM saMsAranA tyAganI bhAvanA prabaLa banatI jatI hatI. eka vakhata bhagavAna mahAvI2 112 : sAhityadarzana

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potanapuranA udyAnamAM samavasaryA hatA tyAre temane vaMdana karavA AvelA prasannacaMdra bhagavAnano upadeza sAMbhaLI, potAnA bAlaputrane rAjagAdI soMpI bhagavAna pAse dIkSA lIdhI ane tyAra pachI teo ugra tapazcaryA karavA lAgyA. Ama, bhagavAna mahAvIre zreNika rAjAne prasannacaMdra rAjarSinI pravajyAnuM kAraNa kahyuM. eTalAmAM AkAzamAM devaduMdubhi saMbhaLAvA lAgI ane devatAonuM Agamana thavA lAgyuM. zreNika rAjAe prazna karyo, "A zuM thaI rahyuM che?" bhagavAne kahyuM, "prasannacaMdra rAjarSine kevaLajJAna utpanna thayuM che mATe devatAo mahotsava mATe AvI rahyA che. e joI zreNika rAjAne sAnaMdAzcarya thayuM. temaNe rAjarSi kevaLIne pharI pharIne vaMdana karyA. Ama, lagabhaga savA baso gAthAmAM A nAnakaDA kathAnakane kavi samayasuMdara subhaga rIte AlekhyuM che. AvI laghuracanAmAM kavitvavilAsane bahu avakAza hoya nahi e svAbhAvika che. vaLI, tema karavA jatAM tatkAlIna zrotAone priya evo sAdaMta kathA sAMbhaLavAno rasa kavitvavilAsamAM aTavAI na jAya, AvI nAnI racanAmAM khAsa, tenI takedArI paNa rAkhavI paDatI. Ama chatAM samayasuMdare jyAM jyAM taka maLI tyAM tyAM upamAdi alaMkAro prayojyA che ane rasika Alekhana karyuM che. nIcenI keTalIka paMktio enI pratIti karAvaze : hIvaDAM zreNika harakhIyau, megha AgaI jima mora; vasaMta Agama jima vanasapatI, cAhaI caMda cakora. tuM jaMgama tIratha milya, surataru vRkSa samANa re. manavAMchita lyA mAhaca, pekhyauM puNya pramANa re. mAMDyau samavasaraNa maMDANa, bhagavaMta beThA jANe bhANa. valkalacIrIne laI AvavA mATe prasannacaMdra rAjAe mokalelI vezyAonuM varNana karatAM kavi lakhe che : vezyAnI yelI 2 milI vilasatI rUpa rUDI re, hAM re vArU catura cauThi kalA jANa, kaMcana varaNa tanu kAminI, rUpa rUDI re, hAM re bolati amRta vANI. raMgIlI re raMgIlI re, hAM re vArU jovana lahare jAI. gajagati cAlaI gorI malapaMtI, vibhrama lIla vilAsa. locana aNiyALA lobhI lAgaNA, puruSa baMdhaNa mRga pAsa. kavivara samayasuMdara ane emanI be rAsakRtio 113

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valkalacIrI potanapuramAM vezyAne tyAM Ave che tyAre ene snAna vagere karAvavAmAM Ave che tenuM manohara citra kavie AlekhyuM che : sakhara sugaMdha pANI karIsahu vezyA karAya snAna re; vAru vastra pahirAvIyA, pIlA khavarAvyA pAna re. sIsa vaNAyau seharalakAni doya kuDala lola; hiyaI hAra pahirAu, dIpatI dIsaI AMgulI gola re. baMdhyA vihuM bAMhe baharakhA, motI taNI kaThe mAla re; hAthe hathasAMkalI, bhalau tilaka kayI vali bhAla re. covA caMpela lagAvIyA, phUTaDA pahirAyA phUla re; Arie kArima kIyA, kAIka kIdhau anukUla re. potAno bhAI vezyAonI sAthe AvatAM AvatAM kyAMka guma thaI gayAnA samAcAra maLatAM prasannacaMdra rAjA je zoka anubhave che tenuM Alekhana paNa asarakAraka thayuM che : vAta suNI rAjA vilakhANau, bhUya karaI duHkha bhArI; mujha bAMdhava koI milAyAM, bAMdhava mAharale bihaMthI cUkauM, vAta kIdhI avicArI. mujha. manavaMchita mAMgaI te ApuM, saghalaI vAta suNAvaI. mujha. tAta thakI tehanaI maI lyau, IhAM paNi teha na AvI. muja. hA! bAMdhava kima karato hospaI, mujha na milyaumA jAuM. bhAI milaI IvaDaI bhAga kihAMthI, valakalacarI vIra, AMkhe daDa daDa AMsU nAkhaI, dukha karaI dilagIra. mujha. nATaka gIta vinoda niSedhyA, jIvaNa thayau viSa jema, nisa sUtAM paNa nIdra na AvaI, kaha hivau kijaI kema. sujha. prasannacaMdra ane valkalacIrI potAnA pitAne maLavA mATe vanamAM jAya che te vakhate vanamAM eka pachI eka vastuo joI potAnA bALapaNanAM saMsmaraNo tAjAM thatAM valkalacIrI te vize kevI svAbhAvika rIte potAnA bhAIne badhI vAta kare Azrama dIThuM abhirAma, Utaryo azvathI tA. sara dekhi sAthI meli, karatI huM haMsa ju keli. e dekhi taru ati caMga, ramata upari caDi raMga. phUTaDA phla naI kla, ehanA ANi amUli bhAI e bhaiMsinuM dekhi. valkalacIrI naI huM veSi. dohenaI ANau dUdha pItA pitA akhta sUdha. 114 sAhityadarzana

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miragalA e ramaNIka, nita caraI nipaTi nijIka. ramata huM iNa zuM raMgi, bAla taNI pari bahu bhagi. navamI DhAlamAM ane tyAra pachI duhAnI kaDIomAM kathAnuM samApana thaI gayA pachI dasamI DhAlamAM kRtinuM samApana karatAM kavi kathA-nAyakane vaMdana karI emanA kevaLajJAnanuM pharI eka vAra smaraNa karatAM lakhe che : zrI valakala re cIrI sAdhu vAMdiyaI re, hAre guNa gAvatAM abhirAma, ati ANaMdiyAM re, tApasanA upagrahaNa tihAM, paDilehatAM, hAMre niramala kevala nyAna; ati bhaluM upanuM, zivaramaNI re, saMgamanuM sukha sapanuM re. Ama, kavinI A kRtimAM sthaLe sthaLe ApaNane rasika, kAvyamaya paMktio lAdhe che. teo saMgItanA sArA jANakAra hatA. eTale AvI nAnI rAsaracanAmAM paNa emaNe pratyeka DhAla judA judA rAga ke dezamAM prayojI che. emanI paMktiomAM prAsasaMkalanA paNa svAbhAvika ane subhaga hoya che. mAravADInI chAMTavALI emanI jUnI gujarAtI bhASAmAM eka prakAranuM prasAdaguNayukta mArdava ane mAdhurya anubhavAya che. alabatta, A rAsamAM haju keTalAMka rasasthAno khIlavI zakAya evAM che paraMtu rAsanA kadanI nizcita karelI maryAdAne kAraNe tema thaI zakyuM nahi hoya tema jaNAya che; kAraNa ke kavi tarIkenI samayasuMdaranI zaktinuM emanI rAsakRtiomAM ApaNane darzana thAya che. Ama chatAM samagrapaNe jotAM samayasuMdaranI A laghurAsakRti-ThIkaThIka AsvAdya che ema kahI zakAya. kavivara samayasuMdara ane emanI be rAsakRtio zA 115

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yazovijayajI ane emano jaMbusvAmI rAsa (1) yazovijayajI laghu haribhadrasUri', dvitIya hemacandrAcArya, "ramArita zrutakevaLI', "kurcAlI zArada', "mahAna tArkika, nyAyavizArada, nyAyAcArya, vAcakavarya, 'upAdhyAyajI' ityAdi tarIke jaina saMpradAyamAM jeo suprasiddha che e mahopAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajI vikramanA sattaramA aDhAramA zatakamAM gujarAtamAM thaI gayelI eka mahAna bhAratIya vibhUti che, kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcArya pachI atyAra sudhInA samayamAM temanA jevI mahAna vibhUti jaina zAsanamAM thaI hoya to mAtra mahopAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajI che ema kahevAya che. mahopAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajInA jIvana ane lekhanakArya vize chellAM thoDAM varSomAM vadhu mAhitI maLI che. lagabhaga 40 varSa pahelAM pATaNamAM pU. munizrI puNyavijayajIne mahopAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajInA jIvana vize emanA samakAlIna zrI kAMtivijayajIe racelI kRti "sujasavelI bhAsa' vize bhALa lAgI tyAra pachI zrI yazovijayajInA jIvana upara thoDo vadhu prakAza paDyo che. taduparAMta e bhAse upAdhyAyajI mahArAjanA janma ane svargavAsanAM varSo vize cAlu mAnyatAmAM keTalIka viSamatA gADI e vize ApaNane gaMbhIrapaNe vicAratA karyA che. "sujasavelI bhAsamAM jaNAvyA pramANe gurjara dezamAM kanoDuM gAme gAma che. tyAM nArAyaNa nAme vepArI vasato hato. tenI patnInuM nAma sobhAgade. teone jasavaMta nAme guNavAna putra hato. kuNageramAM comAsu karIne saM. 16 88mAM paMDitavarya zrI nayavijayajI kanoDuM gAmamAM padhAryA. mAtA sobhAgadee putra sAthe ullAsathI te 116 * sAhityadarzana

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sAdhu puruSanAM caraNomAM vaMdana karyuM. ane saddagurunA dharmopadezathI jasavaMtakumArane vairAgyano prakAza thayo. aNahilapura pATaNamAM jaIne te ja guru pAse jasavaMtakumAre dIkSA lIdhI ane temanuM nAma zrI vijaya (yazovijaya) rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. vaLI sobhAgadenA bIjA putra, jasavaMtanA nAnA bhAI paddhasiMhe paNa dIkSA lIdhI ane temanuM nAma zrI padmavijaya rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. A baMne munione saM. 1688mAM tapAgacchanA AcArya zrI devavijayasUrinA haste vaDI dIkSA ApavAmAM AvI. ahIM bhAsakAre zrI yazovijayajInA janmasthaLano spaSTa nirdeza karyo nathI. paraMtu zrI navijayajI gurunAM sau prathama darzana zrI yazovijayajIne kanoDuMmAM thayAM hatAM, ane te samaye temanAM mAtApitA kanoDuMmAM rahetAM hatAM e hakIkata sunizcita che. saMbhava che ke zrI yazovijayajIno janma kanoDuMmAM thayo hoya ane temanuM bALapaNa paNa kanoDuMmAM ja vItyuM hoya. jyAM sudhI temanA janmasthaLa vize anya kAMI pramANo na maLe tyAM sudhI emanI janmabhUmi kanoDuM hatI ema mAnavAmAM khAsa kaMI bAdha nathI.* mahopAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajInA janmavarSanI vicAraNA mATe paraspara bhinna evAM be atyaMta mahattvanAM pramANo maLe che ane ethI emanA janma-samaya vize haju chevaTano sarvamAnya nizcita nirNaya thaI zakyo nathI. A be pramANo te (1) vi. saM. 1663mAM vastra para AlekhAyelo mera parvatano citrapaTa, ane (2) upA. zrI yazovijayajInA samakAlIna muni zrI kAMtivijayajIkRta "sujasavelI bhAsa'. A baMnemAM alabatta, emanA janma-samaya vize kazo cokkasa nirdeza nathI. paraMtu temAM ApelI mAhitI parathI janma-samaya vize keTaluMka anumAna karI zakAya che. vi. saM. 16 63mAM zrI yazovijayajInA guru zrI navijayajIe pote vastrapaTa para meru parvatanuM Alekhana karyuM hatuM. A citrapaTa Aja dina sudhI sacavAI rahyo che. enI puSmikAmAM ApelI mAhitI pramANe zrI navijayajIe AcArya zrI vijayasenasUrinA samayamAM kaNasAgara nAmanA gAmaDAmAM rahIne saM. 16 63mAM potAnA ziSya zrI jayavijayajI mATe A paTa AlekhavAno prayAsa karyo che. puSyikA * kanoDuM uttara gujarAtamAM mahesANAthI pATaNane raste dhINoja gAmathI cAreka mAIlane aMtare AveluM che. + e vize juo "zrI yazovijayajI smRtigraMthamAM munizrI puNyavijayajIno Amukha tathA vidyamAna muni zrI yazovijayajIkRta lekha, aitihAsika citrapaTano paricaya ane mahopAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajInI sAlamImAMsA' (jenayuga, jAnyuArI, 1959). yazovijayajI ane emano jabUsvAmI rAsa 117

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pramANe zrI navijajI te samaye gaNi ane paMnyAsanuM pada dharAvatA hatA. teo zrI kalyANavijayajInA ziSya hatA ane jemane mATe A paTa banAvavAmAM Avyo te zrI vijayajI paNa gaNi'nuM pada dharAvatA hatA. have A citrapaTanI mAhitI pramANe vicAra karIe to saM. 166 3mAM zrI yazovijayajI gaNi hatA. sAmAnya rIte dIkSA pachI ochAmAM ochAM dasa varSa pachI gaNipada ApavAmAM Ave che. (koI apavAdarUpa prasaMgomAM ethI ochAM varSe paNa gaNipada apAya che, te mujaba, saM. 1663mAM ja jo zrI yazovijayajIne gaNipada apAyuM hoya to saM. 16pa3nI AsapAsa emane dIkSA apAI hoya ema mAnI zakAya. ane jo teo bAladIkSita hoya ane dIkSA samaye temanI uMmara ATheka varSanI dhArIe to saM. 1645nI AsapAsa temano janma thayo hovo joIe ema mAnI zakAya. temano svargavAsa saM. 1743-44mAM thayo hato. eTale saM. 1645thI 1744 sudhInuM, lagabhaga so varSanuM AyuSya temanuM haze ema A paTanA AdhAre mAnI zakAya. bIjI bAju 'sujasavelI bhAsa'mAM lakhyuM che: saMvata sola aDyAsiceMjI, rahI kuNagiri comAsika zrI nayavijaya paMDitavarUjI, AvyA kacoDe ullAsi. vaLI AgaLa lakhyuM che : vijayadeva guru hAthanIjI, vaDI dIkSA huI khAsa; saMvata sola aDyAsiceMjI, karatA yoga abhyAsa. Ama "sujasavelI bhAsa pramANe saM. 1688mAM zrI navijayajI kanDoDuM padhAre che ane e ja sAlamAM pATaNamAM zrI yazovijayajIne vaDI dIkSA apAya che. eTale ke laghu dIkSA ane vaDI dIkSA eka ja varSamAM saM. 1688mAM apAI che. vaLI, dIkSA-samaye emanI uMmara nAnI hatI ema 'laghutA paNa buddhe AgaLo jI, nAme kuMvara jasavaMta e paMkti parathI jaNAya che. eTale dIkSA samaye emanI uMmara ATha-nava varSanI hovI joIe. jo te pramANe hoya to temano janma saM. 167980mAM thayo hovo joIe, ane temano svargavAsa saM. 1743-44mAM thayo hato te pramANe gaNatarI karIe to 64-65 varSanuM temanuM AyuSya hovuM joIe ema nakkI thAya. Ama, citrapaTa pramANe saM. 1645-46nI AsapAsa temano janma thayo hovo joIe ane "sujasavelI bhAsa' pramANe saM. 16 79-80mAM thayo hovo joIe. A baMne pramANomAMthI kayA pramANane ApaNe vadhAre AdhArabhUta mAnavuM ? citrapaTanI bAbatamAM e mULa vastu ApaNane maLe che ane "sujasavelI bhAsanI bAbatamAM 118 sAhityadarzana

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katanA hastAkSaranI nahi, paNa pAchaLathI thayelI enI nakalanI hastaprata maLe che. saMbhava che ke pAchaLathI thayelI enI nakalamAM eka yA bIjA kAraNe dIkSAnI sAla lakhavAmAM kaMI bhUla thaI hoya. vaLI, "sujasavelI bhAsakAra zrI yazovijayajInA samakAlIna hatA, jyAre zrI nayavijajI gaNi to zrI yazovijayajInA guru hatA. eTale A dRSTie jotAM paNa citrapaTa vadhAre vizvasanIya gaNAya, chatAM A bAbatamAM atyAre nirNaya bAMdhavAnI utAvaLa karavA karatAM vadhu pramANo maLavAnI rAha jovI sArI ema kahI zakAya. upAdhyAyajI mahArAjanA bALapaNa vize ApaNane khAsa kaMI mAhitI maLatI nathI. emanA bALapaNanA divaso vize eka evI daMtakathA pracalita che ke emanI mAtA saubhAgyadevIne evo niyama hato ke jyAM sudhI te "bhaktAmarastotra' na sAMbhaLe tyAM sudhI annapANI letAM nahi. te sAMbhaLavA mATe te roja guru mahArAja pAse jatAM. eka vakhata zrAvaNa mahinAmAM satata muzaLadhAra varSA thaI ane tethI saubhAgyadevI gurumahArAja pAse jaI "bhaktAmarastotra' sAMbhaLI zakyAM nahi. evI rIte traNa divasa sudhI emane upavAsa thayA. cothe divase paNa varasAda baMdha na rahevAne lIdhe saubhAgyadevIe jyAre upavAsa karyo tyAre bALaka savaMte enuM kAraNa pUchyuM, ane mAtAe tenuM kAraNa kahyuM. e vakhate bALaka jasavaMte mAtAne "bhaktAmarastotra' saMbhaLAvyuM ane aThThamanuM pAraNuM karAvyuM. roja pote mAtA sAthe gurumahArAja pAse jato ane bhaktAmarastotra sAMbhaLato. te eNe kaMThastha karI lIdhuM hatuM. bALakanI AvI addabhuta smaraNazakti joI mAtAne sAnaMdAzcarya thayuM ane e vAta gurumahArAje jyAre jANI tyAre temane paNa te pramANe sAnaMdAzcarya thayuM. dIkSA pachI guru zrI navijaya gaNi sAthe vihAra karatA karatA zrI yazovijayajI amadAvAda nagaramAM padhAryA hatA. te samaya daramiyAna temaNe amadAvAdamAM gurumahArAjanI hAjarImAM ATha avadhAnano prayoga karI batAvyo. emanA A prayogathI upasthita janasamudAya Azcaryamugdha banI gayo. emanI AvI buddhi ane smaraNazaktinI prazaMsA thavA lAgI. emAMnA eka zreSThI dhanajI sUrAne zrI yazovijayajInI AvI adbhuta smaraNazakti pratye Adara thayo ane temaNe gurumahArAja zrI navijayajIne vinaMtI karI ke "A zrI yazovijayajI vidyAjJAna meLavavA mATe yogya pAtra che. emane jo bhaNAvavAmAM Ave to te bIjA hemacandrAcArya thAya. jo kAzI jaI bIjAM cha darzanono abhyAsa kare to te vaDe jaina darzanane teo vadhAre ujjavaLa banAve." gurumahArAje kahyuM, "kAzI jaI abhyAsa karavAmAM lakSmInI jarUra paDe ema che, kAraNa ke kAzInA paMDito paisA vagara zIkhavatA nathI." dhanajI yazovijayajI ane emano bUsvAmI rAsa / 119

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sUrAe utsAhapUrvaka kahyuM, "be hajAra dInAranuM kharca huM ApIza ane paMDitano paNa yathAyogya vAraMvAra satkAra karIza." Ama kharcanI bAbatamAM zeTha dhanajI sUrA taraphathI saMmati maLatAM gurue kAzI tarapha vihAra karyo. dhanajI sUrAe kharca mATe hUMDI lakhI ApI je kAzI mokalavAmAM AvI. kAzImAM SaDU darzanonA rahasyanA jJAtA evA eka bhaTTAcArya hatA. emanI pAse kahevAya che ke sAtaso ziSyo darzanono abhyAsa karatA hatA. temanI pAse nyAya, mImAMsA, sAMkhya, vaizeSika ityAdino traNa varSa sudhI satata parizramapUrvaka zrI yazovijayajIe abhyAsa karyo. temanA taraphathI bhaTTAcAryane vidyAbhyAsa karAvavA mATe roja eka rUpiyo ApavAmAM Avato. temaNe "ciMtAmaNi' jevo nyAyagraMthono abhyAsa karI vAdIonA samUhathI na jItI zakAya evA paMDitomAM ziromaNinuM sthAna meLavyuM, te vakhate kAzImAM AvelA eka saMnyAsIe zrI yazovijayajI sAthe vAda-zAstrArtha zarU karyo. paraMtu zrI yazovijayajInuM addabhuta jJAna joIne te saMnyAsI potAnuM abhimAna choDI cAlyo gayo. zrI yazovijayajIe meLavelI A jItano prasaMga tyAM vAjategAjate UjavavAmAM Avyo hato, ane bhAre satkAra sAthe temane potAnA sthAne laI javAmAM AvyA hatA. A prasaMgathI zrI yazovijayajInI nyAyavizArada' tarIke gaNanA thavA lAgI. emaNe kAzImAM traNa varSa rahI abhyAsa karyo, tyArathI teo 'tArkika ziromaNi'nA nAmathI paNa oLakhAvA lAgyA hatA. kAzImAM abhyAsa pUro karI teo potAnA gurumahArAja sAthe AgrAmAM AvyA. temanI vidvattAthI AkarSAI AgrAnA jaina saMghe temanI AgaLa sAtaso rUpiyA sadupayoga mATe bheTa dharyA. temaNe teno upayoga graMtho levA-lakhAvavAmAM karAvyo ane pachI te graMtho vidyAbhyAsIone ApavAmAM AvyA. tyAra pachI AgrAthI vihAra karI, sthaLe sthaLe vAda karI, vAdIone parAjita karI, teo gujarAtanA rAjanagara amadAvAdamAM padhAryA. e samaye amadAvAdamAM mahobatakhAna nAmano musalamAna sUbo raheto hato. te saguNInI kadara karanAra udAra dilano hato. enI rAjasabhAmAM eka vakhata zrI yazovijyajInAM agAdha jJAna, UMcI buddhipratibhA tathA adUbhuta smaraNazaktinI prazaMsA thaI. te sAMbhaLIne mahobatakhAnane AvA muni mahArAjane maLavAnI tIvra utkaMThA thaI. teNe zrAvako mAraphata zrI yazovijayajIne potAnI sabhAmAM padhAravAnI vinaMtI karI. guru mahArAjanI AjJA maLatAM zrI yazovijayajIe te vinaMtIno svIkAra karyo; ethI mahobatakhAnane ghaNo AnaMda thayo. teNe rAjasabhAmAM jaina munimahArAja mATe besavAnI yogya sagavaDa karI. nizcita karelA divase ane samaye zrI 120 sAhityadarzana

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yazovijayajI mahArAja agragaNya zrAvako sAthe mahobatakhAnanI sabhAmAM gayA ane tyAM sabhAjano samakSa 18 avadhAnano prayoga karI batAvyo. temanI AvI zakti ane vidvattAthI mahobatakhAna prabhAvita ane AnaMdita thayo. teNe utsAhapUrvaka ane utsavapUrvaka zrI yazovijayajI mahArAjanuM ghaNuM moTuM sanmAna karyuM. jaina dharmamAM paNa AvA mahAna vidvAna munio che enI tene khAtarI thaI. A prasaMga pachI amadAvAdanA zrI saMghe te samayanA gacchanAyaka AcArya zrI vijayadevasUri AgaLa evI vinaMtI karI ke, "muni zrI javijyajIe jaina dharmanI je sevA bajAvI che ane bahuzrutatA prApta karI che te mATe temane upAdhyAyanI padavI ApavAmAM Ave.' zrI saMghanI vinaMtIne mAna ApI, ane zrI yazovijayajInI te mATenI yogyatA jANI AcArya mahArAje temane upAdhyAyanI padavI ApavAnuM nakkI karyuM. te pachI zrI yazovijayajIe vIsa sthAna'nA tapanI ArAdhanA karI. tapane aMte zrI vijayadevasUrinI AjJAthI temanA ziSya zrI vijyaprabhasUrie zrI saMghanA moTA utsava sAthe vi. saM. 1718mAM amadAvAdamAM upAdhyAyanI padavI ApI. tyArathI zrI yazovijayajI mahArAja upAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajI' banyA. zrI yazovijyajInA vidyAguru vize A pramANe eka daMtakathA che : eka vakhata zrI yazovijayajI mahArAja khaMbhAtamAM padhAryA hatA. eka divasa teo vyAkhyAna ApI rahyA hatA te vakhate tyAM upAzrayamAM koI eka vayovRddha mANasa Avyo ane vyAkhyAna sAMbhaLavA besI gayo. mahArAjanI tarata tenA para najara paDI ane temane ghaNuM Azcarya thayuM. temaNe te vyaktine vaMdana karyuM, ethI sau te vRddha tarapha jovA lAgyA, ane te vyakti koNa haze e vize tarka karavA lAgyA. te samaye upAdhyAyajIe kahyuM ke 'A e vyakti che ke jenI pAse kAzImAM meM navyanyAyanuM adhyayana karyuM che. mArA e vidyAguru pratye huM atyaMta RNI chuM. tamAre emano yogya satkAra karavo joIe.' e sAMbhaLI khaMbhAtanA zrI saMghe tarata rUpiyA sattara hajAranI rakama ekaThI karI ane te brAhmaNa paMDitane gurudakSiNAmAM ApI. potAnA ziSyano Avo prabhAva joI harSa pAmI vidyAgurue vidAya lIdhI. zrI yazovijayajIe pratimAzataka' nAmanI potAnI kRti upara pote ja racelI vRttimAM potAnI guruparaMparAno paricaya Apyo che. temAM temaNe akabara pratibodhaka zrI hIravijayasUrithI zarUAta karI che. temAM temaNe zrI hIravijayasUrinA ziSya zrI kalyANavijaya, temanA ziSya zrI lAbhavijaya ane temanA be ziSyo te zrI jItavijaya ane zrI nayavijyano ullekha karyo che. zrI nayatiya gaNi zrI yazovijyanA dIkSAguru hatA. zrI yazovijyanA bhAIe paNa zrI nayavijaya pAse yazovijayajI ane emano jaMbusvAmI rAsa 121

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ja dIkSA lIdhI hatI. A rIte zrI yazovijayajInI guruparaMparA nIce pramANe darzAvI zakAya : zrI hIravijayasUri upA. kalyANavijaya zrI vijayasenasUri zrI kIrtivijaya upAdhyAya paM. lAbhavijyagaNi zrI vijayadevasUri zrI vinayavijaya upAdhyAya zrI vijayasiMhasUri zrI vijayaprabhasUri - zrI jItavijaya zrI nayavijaya gaNi zrI navavila paM. zrI satyavijayajI zrI padmavijaya upA. yazovijaya bhinnabhinna kRtiomAM maLatA ullekho ane anya pramANo parathI atyAra sudhImAM maLelI mAhitI pramANe zrI yazovijayajInI ziSya paraMparA nIce mujaba darzAvavAmAM Ave che : zrI yazovijaya gaNi zrI guNavijaya gaNi zrI tattvavijaya zrI lakSmIvijaya gaNi zrI kesaravijaya gaNi zrI vinItavijyagaNi zrI sumativijaya zrI pratApavijaya zrI devavijayagaNi zrI yazovijayajI mahArAja ane zrI AnaMdaghanajI mahArAja samakAlIna hatA ane zrI yazovijayajI zrI AnaMdaghanajInAM darzana mATe atyaMta utsuka hatA tathA te baMnenuM milana thatAM zrI yazovijayajIne ghaNo AnaMda thayo hato. e ghaTanA aitihAsika ane nirvivAda che. zrI yazovijayajIe AnaMdaghanajInI stutirUpa racelI aSTa-padI' tenA purAvArUpa che. e aSTapadImAMnI "jasavijaya kahe AnaMdaghana hama 122 9 sAhityadarzana

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tuma mile hajUra', "jasa kahe sohI AnaMdaghana pAvata, aMtarajyota gAve, 'AnaMdakI gata AnaMdaghana jANe, "esI dazA jaba pragaTe citta aMtara, sohI AnaMdaghana pichAne', ehI Aja AnaMda bhayo mere, teno mukha nIrakha nIrakha romaroma zItala bhayo aMgoaMga' ityAdi paMktio zrI yazovijayajIne zrI AnaMdaghanajI pratye keTalo badho uccAdara hato te darzAve che. AnaMdaghanajInAM darzanano potAnA jIvana upara keTalo badho prabhAva paDyo che te namratApUrvaka darzAvatAM teo lakhe che : 'AnaMdaghanake saMga susahI mile jaba, taba AnaMdasama bhayo suksa, * pArasa saMgalohA jo pharasa, kaMcatana hotakI tAke kasa, AnaMda' mahopAdhyAyajIne AnaMdaghanajI kyAre maLyA haze, kyAre ane kevI rIte maLyA haze te vize nizcitapaNe ApaNane kazuM jANavA maLatuM nathI. daMtakathA ema kahe che ke zrI yazovijayajI Abu tarapha vihAra karatA hatA. te samaye teo sAdhuomAM bahuzruta gaNAtA hatA. bIjI bAju, AnaMdaghanajI paNa adhyAtmajJAnamAM ghaNA UMDA UtaryA hatA. teo AbunI AsapAsanA pradezamAM vicare che ema jANI zrI yazovijayajI temane maLavA mATe utsuka hatA. bIjI bAju, zrI yazovijayajI AsapAsanA pradezamAM AvyA che ema jANI zrI AnaMdaghanajI paNa temane maLavA utsuka hatA. eka divasa zrI yazovijayajI upAzrayamAM vyAkhyAna ApatA hatA tyAre te sAMbhaLavA mATe AsapAsanA pradezamAMthI AvIne beThelA bIjA yatio sAthe AnaMdaghanajI paNa AvIne besI gayA hatA. zrI yazovijayajInuM adhyAtma vizenuM vyAkhyAna sAMbhaLIne sau prasanna banyA hatA tyAre eka jIrNaveSadhArI sAdhunA caherA para eTalo harSa jaNAto nahoto. zrI yazovijayajIe emane pUchyuM, "are vRddha sAdhu! tamane vyAkhyAnamAM barAbara samajaNa paDI ke nahIM?' temanI sAthe vAtacIta karatAM zrI yazovijayajIne jANavA maLyuM ke teo to AnaMdaghanajI che. pachI upAdhyAyajIe pote je zloka para vivecana karatuM vyAkhyAna ApyuM hatuM te zloka para vyAkhyAna ApavA mATe AnaMdaghanajIne Agraha karyo. AnaMdaghanajIe e eka zloka para traNa kalAka vyAkhyAna ApyuM. e sAMbhaLI sau zrotAjano DolavA lAgyA, ane zrI yazovijayajIe paNa ekacittathI e vyAkhyAna sAMbhaLI atyaMta harSa anubhavyo, ane A prasaMgathI zrI AnandaghanajI pratye temane ghaNo pUjyabhAva thayo. A pachI, daMtakathA pramANe, bIjI eka vAra zrI yazovijayajIne zrI AnaMdaghanajIne maLavAnI icchA thaI. bAvAone pUchatAM pUchatA Abu paranI eka guphA pAse teo AvI pahoMcyA. te samaye AnaMdaghanajI dhyAnamAMthI UThIne bahAra yazovijayajI ane emano bUsvAmI rAsa : 123

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nIkaLyA hatA ane svaracita AdhyAtmika racanA gAtA hatA. zrI yazovijayajIne jotAM ja teo sAmA jaI temane bheTyA hatA. kahevAya che ke A prasaMga pachI zrI yazovijayajIe zrI AnaMdaghanajInI stutirUpa aSTapadI banAvI hatI. - zrI yazovijayajIno svargavAsa DabhoImAM thayo hato te nirvivAda hakIkata che. paraMtu temanA janmavarSanI jema temanA svargavAsano samaya paNa ApaNane sunizcitapaNe jANavA maLato nathI. tema chatAM, temanA janmavarSa vizenI judIjudI zakyatAo vacceno gALo jeTalo moTo che teTalo gALo temanA svargavAsanA varSanI bAbatamAM nathI. svargavAsanI bAbatamAM matabheda mAtra eka-be varSa jeTalo ja atyAre to che. temAM paNa mAsa ane tithi nahi, paNa varSa vize cokkasa anumAna para AvavuM bahu agharuM nathI. atyAra sudhI saM. 1745 (zake 16 11)nA mAgazara suda 11 emanI kALadharmanI tithi manAtI ane keTalAMka jaina paMcAMgomAM e pramANe ApavAmAM AvatI. DabhoInA gurumaMdiranI pAdukAnA lekhane AdhAre tema banavA pAmyuM hovAno saMbhava che. paraMtu emAM ApelAM sAla-tithi upAdhyAyajInA kALadharmanAM nathI, paraMtu pAdukAnI amadAvAdamAM pratiSThA karAvyAnAM che. sujasavelI bhAsanI nIcenI kaDI have te vize vadhAre prakAza pADe che : sattara trayAli comAsuM rahyA, pAThaka nagara DabhoI re; - tihAM surapadavI aNusarI, aNasaNi kari pAtaka dhoI re. AmAM jaNAvyA pramANe zrI yazovijayajI saM. 1743mAM DabhoImAM comAsuM rahyA ane tyAM anazana karI svargavAsI thayA. AmAM, alabatta, cokakasa mAsa-tithi jaNAvyAM nathI. vaLI jaina sAdhuonuM comAsuM aSADa suda 14thI zarU thaI kArtika suda 14ne divase pUrNa thAya. eTale ke comAsA daramiyAna ja navuM saMvata varSa bese. ahIM bhAsakAre upAdhyAyajIe saM. 1743nuM comAsuM DabhoImAM karyAnuM jaNAvyuM che, paNa emano svargavAsa comAsA daramiyAna thayo ke comAsA pachI, ane comAsAmAM paNa saM. 1743mAM thayo ke saM. 1744mAM te vize kazuM jaNAvyuM nathI. upAdhyAyajI mahArAje potAnI keTalIka kRtiomAM enI racanAtAla jaNAvI che. temAM moDAmAM moDI saM. 1739mAM khaMbhAtamAM jaMbUsvAmI rAsa'nI karelI racanA maLe che. A uparAMta, suratamAM cAturmAsa daramiyAna temaNe racelI pratikramaNa hetu svAdhyAya' ane 'agiyAra aMga svAdhyAya' e be kRtiomAM enI racanAtAla yuga yuga muni vidhu vatsaraI e pramANe jaNAvI che. temAM yuganI saMkhyA 4 laIe to saM. 1744 thAya ane tenI saMkhyA 2 laIe to saM. 1722 thAya. paraMtu ahIM 124 ra sAhityadarzana

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saM. 1744 levI sarva rIte susaMgata jaNAtI nathI. eTale jyAM sudhI bIjAM kaMI vadhu pramANo na maLe tyAM sudhI saM. 1743mAM DabhoImAM zrI yazovijayajI mahopAdhyAyano svargavAsa thayo ema mAnavAmAM khAsa bAdha nathI. mahopAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajIe saMskRta ane prAkRtamAM ghaNI vidvogya kRtionI racanA karI che; tevI ja rIte, temaNe potAnA samayanI bolAtI gujarAtI bhASAmAM paNa ghaNI kRtionI racanA karI che. lokabhASA gujarAtImAM kRti racavA aMge temane vize eka daMtakathA evI che ke jyAre teo kAzImAM abhyAsa pUro karI potAnA gurumahArAja sAthe vihAra karatA hatA tyAre koI eka gAmamAM sAMje pratikramaNamAM eka zrAvake zrI nayavijyajI mahArAjane vinaMtI karI, zrI yazovijayajI mahArAja pAsethI sajjhAya sAMbhaLavAnI icchA darzAvI. javAbamAM zrI yazovijayajIe jaNAvyuM ke mane koI sajjhAya kaMThastha nathI'. e sAMbhaLI te zrAvake kahyuM, "tyAre zuM bAra varasa kAzImAM rahIne ghAsa kApyuM ?" e samaye mahopAdhyAyajI mauna rahyA. temane vicAra karatAM jaNAyuM ke saMskRta, prAkRta uparAMta lokabhASAmAM ke paNa pote racanA karavI joIe ke jethI vadhu loko bodha pAmI zake. tarata nizcaya karI temaNe te amalamAM mUkyo. temaNe samaktinA 67 bolanI sajjhAya banAvI ane te moDhe paNa karI lIdhI ane bIje divase pratikramaNamAM te bolavA mATe Adeza mAgyo. Adeza maLatAM sajjhAya bolavI temaNe zarU karI. sajjhAya ghaNI lAMbI hatI eTale zrAvako pUchavA lAgyA, have keTalI bAkI rahI ?" ghAsa kApavAnuM kahenAra te zrAvake paNa adhIrA banI ema pUchyuM. eTale mahopAdhyAyajIe kahyuM, 'bA2 varasa ghAsa kApyuM tenA Aje pULA baMdhAya che, eTale vadhAre samaya lAge emAM navAI zI ?" zrAvaka tarata vAta samajI gayo ane pote kahela vacana mATe mAphI mAgavA lAgyo. mahopAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajIe prAcIna tathA navyanyAya, vyAkaraNa, sAhitya, alaMkAra, chaMda, kAvya, tarka, Agama, naya, pramANa, yoga, adhyAtma, tattvajJAna, AcAra, upadeza, kathA, bhakti tathA siddhAMta ityAdi ghaNA viSayo 52 saMskRta prAkRta, ane gujarAtI tathA hiMdI ane mAravADI bhASAmAM vipula sAhityanuM sarjana karyuM che. temanI kRtiomAM nAnuM bALaka paNa samajI zake eTalI saraLa kRtio che ane prakhara vidvAna paNa sahelAIthI na samajI zake eTalI gUDha rahasyavALI kRtio paNa che. emaNe racelI saMskRta prAkRta kRtiomAMthI atyAre upalabdha kRtio nIce pramANe che. * juo munizrI yazovijayajIkRta lekha maho. pU. yazovijyajInI svargavAsa sAla ane jainayuga, phebruArI, 1959. tithi kaI ? yazovijayajI ane emano jaMbUsvAmI rAsa 125

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emAMnI keTalIka kRtio chapAyelI paNa che. 1. adhyAtma mataparIkSA : A graMthanuM bIjuM nAma adhyAtma matakhaMDana' che. kartAe mULagraMtha prAkRta bhASAmAM 184 gAthAno lakhyo che ane tenA upara pote ja 4000 zlokamAM TIkA racelI che. A graMtha ane enI TIkAmAM kartAe kevalI bhagavaMtone kavalAhAra hoya ja nahi e digaMbara mAnyatAnuM khaMDana karyuM che ane kevalIne kavalAhAra hoI zake ema sAbita karyuM che. digaMbaronI bIjI mAnyatA ke prabhune dhAturahita 52maudArika zarIra hoya che, tenuM paNa A graMthamAM khaMDana karavAmAM AvyuM che. 2. adhyAtmasAra : sAta mukhya prabaMdhamAM vaheMcAyelA, 1303 zlokopramANa A graMthamAM kartAe adhyAtmanuM svarUpa, daMbhatyAga, bhavasvarUpa, vairAgyasaMbhava, vairAgyanA bheda, tyAga, samatA, sadanuSThAna, samyaktva, mithyAtvatyAga, yoga, dhyAna, Atmanizcaya vagere viSayanuM nirUpaNa karyuM che. 3. adhyAtmopaniSada : saMskRtamAM anuSTupa chaMdanA 231 zlokamAM A graMthanI racanA thaI che. tenA cAra adhikAra - zAstrayogazuddhi adhikAra, jJAnayogAdhikAra, kriyAdhikAra ane sAmyAdhikAra-mAM kartAe te te viSayonI chaNAvaTa karI che. 4. anekAMtavyavasthA : kartAe 3357 zlokamAM A graMthanI racanA karI che. A graMtha chapAyo che. 5. devadharmaparIkSA : 425 zlokamAM A graMthanI racanA karavAmAM AvI che. devo svargamAM prabhunI pratimAnI pUjA kare che. pratimAmAM nahi mAnanArA sthAnakamArgIo te devone adharmI kahe che, te. vAta khoTI che ema sAbita karavA mATe kartAe A graMthanI racanA karI che. 6. jaina tarkaparibhASA : kartAe 800 zlokamAM A graMthanI racanA karI che. tenA (1) pramANa, (2) naya ane (3) nikSepa, e nAmanA traNa paricchedamAM temaNe te te viSayanuM vigate tarkayukta nirUpaNa karyuM che. 7. gurutattvavinizcaya : kartAe mULa graMtha prAkRtamAM 905 zlokapramANano racyo che ane tenA upara pote ja saMskRta gadyamAM 9000 zlokamAM TIkA lakhI che. A graMthamAM kartAe gurutattvanA yathArtha svarUpanuM nirUpaNa cAra ullAsamAM karyuM che. 8. dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA : A graMthamAM kartAe dAna, dezanA mArga, bhakti, dharmavyavasthA, kathA, yoga, samyag dRSTi ityAdi 32 viSayonuM yathArtha svarUpa samajAvavA mATe 32 vibhAga pADyA che ane te dareka vibhAgamAM batrIsa zlokanI racanA karI che. Ama, 1024 zlokamAM A graMthanI racanA thaI che, ane tenA upara 126 : sAhityadarzana

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pote ja racelI. TIkAnI zlokasaMkhyA maLIne kula 5500 zlokano A saTIka graMtha banyo che. 9. yatilakSaNasamuccaya: A graMthamAM kartAe prAkRtamAM 263 gAthAmAM sAdhunAM sAta lakSaNo vistArathI jaNAvyAM che. 10. navarahasya: A graMthamAM naigamAdi sAta nayonuM svarUpa vigate samajAvavAmAM AvyuM che. 11. nayapradIpa : saMskRtamAM lagabhaga 500 zlokayukta gadyamAM racAyelo A graMtha "saptabhaMgIsamarthana' ane 'nayasamarthana' e nAmanA be sargamAM vaheMcAyelo che. 12. nayopadeza: kartAe A graMthanI saTIka racanA karI che ane temAM sAte nayonuM svarUpa samajAvyuM che. 13. jJAnabiMdu sADA bAraso zlokamAM racAyelA A graMthamAM kartAe jJAnanA prakAra, lakSaNa, svarUpa ItyAdinI vistArathI mImAMsA karI che. 14. jJAnasAra: ATha zlokanuM eka aSTaka evAM 32 aSTakomAM kartAe A graMthanI racanA karI che. A graMtha upara kartAe pote bAlAvabodhaTabo)nI racanA karI che. AtmasvarUpa samajavAne mATe je je sAdhanonI jarUra paDe che te sAdhanonuM kramabaddha nirUpaNa A graMthamAM karavAmAM AvyuM che. 15 nyAyakhaMDanakhaMDakhAdyaH 5500 zlokamAM racAyela A graMtha nabanyAyanI. viziSTa koTino, arthagaMbhIra ane jaTila che ane kartAnA ucca koTinA pAMDityanI pratIti karAve evo che. 16. nyAyaloka: A graMthamAM nyAya-daSTie syAdvAdAdinuM nirUpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. 17. pratimAzataka : katae mULa so zlokamAM A graMthanI racanA karI pachI te upara pote moTI TIkA racI che. temAM temaNe jinapratimAnI pUjA nahi karavAnuM jaNAvatA matonuM khaMDana karyuM che ane jina-pratimAnI pUjA karavAnA matanuM pratipAdana karyuM che. A graMtho uparAMta, aindrastutio, upadeza-rahasya, ArAdhakavirAdhaka, caturbhagI, Adijina stavana, tattvavika, Drinvayokti, dharmaparIkSA, jJAnArNava, aspRzad gativAda, paMcanigraMthI prakaraNa, paramajyotiH paMcavizikA, paramAtmapaMcavizikA, pratimAsthApananyAya, phalAphalaviSayaka praznottara, bhASArahasya, mArgaparizuddhi, muktAzukti, yatidinacaryA prakaraNa, vairAgvakalpalatA, zrI goDIpArthastotra. vijayaprabhasUrisvAdhyAya, saMkhezvara pArthastotra, samIkApArthastotra, yazovijayajI ane emano jaMbUsvAmI rAsa 127

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sAmAcArI prakaraNa, stotrAvali ItyAdi maulika graMthonI racanA zrI yazovijayajI mahopAdhyAyajIe karelI che. A uparAMta, temaNe aSTasahastrI vivaraNa, karmaprakRti bRhada TIkA, karmaprakRti-laghu TIkA, tattvArthavRtti, dvAdazAra cakroddhAra vivaraNa, dharmasaMgraha TippaNa, pAtaMjala yogasUtravRtti, yogavizikA vivaraNa, zAstravArtA samuccayavRtti, SoDazakavRtti, stavaparijJA paddhati ItyAdi TIkAgraMthonI racanA karI che. zrI yazovijayajInA keTalAka graMtho haju paNa anupalabdha che. AvA anupalabdha graMthomAMthI, adhyAtmabiMdu, adhyAtmopadeza, alaMkAracUDAmaNiTIkA, nyAyabiMdu, maMgalavAda, vedAMtanirNaya vagere paccIsa karatAMye vadhu graMthonA ullekho maLe che. Ama, upalabdha, anupalabdha maulika graMtho ane TIkA graMtho maLIne lagabhaga 80 karatAMya vadhu graMthonI saMskRta prAkRtamAM mahopAdhyAyajIe racanA karI che, je parathI emanI vidvattA ane pratibhAno sAro paricaya ApaNane maLI rahe che. upAdhyAyajI mahArAje gujarAtI bhASAmAM paNa ghaNI racanAo karI che, je emane madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityanA itihAsamAM mahattvanuM sthAna apAve che." gujarAtImAM emaNe stavana, sajhAya, padagIta, bAlAvabodha, hariyAlI, saMvAda, rAsa ityAdi prakAro kheDyA che ane te darekamAM UMcA prakAranI kavitvazakti dAkhavI gujarAtI sAhityane anokhuM pradAna karyuM che. stavanomAM emaNe covIsa tIrthaMkaronAM covIsa stavanonI eka covIsI evI traNa covIsIonI racanA karI che, ane viharamAna vIsa jinezvaronAM vIsa stavanonI eka vIsInI racanA karI che. taduparAMta, emaNe keTalAka viziSTa prAcIna pavitra tIrthonA tIrthakaronI pratimAnI stuti karatAM stavanonI paNa racanA karI che. emanAM moTAM stavanomAM savAso gAthAnAM, doDhaso gAthAnAM ane sADI traNaso gAthAnAM ema traNa stavano maLe che, je anukrame "zrI sImaMdhara svAmInI vinatirUpa na rahasyagarbhita stavana' (125 gAthA), "kumatimadagAlana zrI vIrastutirUpa hUMDInuM stavana' (150 gAthA) ane siddhAMtavicArarahasyagarbhita zrI sImaMdhara jina stavana' (35) gAthA) e pramANe che. emanAM bIjAM moTAM stavanomAM mauna ekAdazInuM doDhaso kalyANakanuM stavana (bAra DhALanI 63 gAthA) nizcayavyavahAragarbhita zrI zAMtijina stavana (6 DhALanI 48 gAthA) ane nizcayavyavahAragarbhita zrI sImaMdharasvAmI stavana (4 DhALanI 41 gAthA) e traNa che. covIsIomAMnI ekamAM kavie vizeSata: tIrthakaronAM mAtApitA, nagara, * emanI gurjara bhASAnI lagabhaga ghaNIkharI kRtio gurjara sAhitya saMgraha bhAga 1 ane 2 (zrI bhadraMkaravijayajIe saMpAdita karela)mAM pragaTa thaI che. 128 sa sAhityadarzana

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lAMchana, AyuSya vagereno paricaya Apyo che ane bIjI bemAM tIrthakaronA guNonuM upamAdi alaMkAro vaDe varNana karyuM che ane potAnA para kRpA karavA mATe temane vinaMtI karI che. kavinI A racanAomAM sthaLe sthaLe ApaNane emanI UMcI kavitvazaktinAM darzana thAya che. u. ta. zrI RSabhadevanI stuti karatAM kavi lakhe AMkhaDI aMbuja pAMkhaDI, aSTamIzazisama bhAla; vadana te zArada cAMdalo, vANI atihi rasALa. lA. $ Indra, caMdra, ravi, giri taNA, leI ghaDiyuM aMga, bhAgya kihAM thakI AviyuM, acarija eha uttaga. lA. zrI ajitanAthanI stuti karatAM emaNe eka pachI eka kaDImAM kevAM navAM navAM kAvyocita dRSTAnto ApyAM che : ajita jigaMdasyu prItaDI, muja na game to bIjAno saMga ke; mAlatI phUle mohIyo, kima bese ho bAvaLa taru bhaMga ke. gaMgAjaLamAM je ramyA, kima chillara ho rati pAme marALa ke; sarovara jaLa jaLadhara vinA, navi cAhe ho ga cAtakabALa ke. kokila kalakUjita kare, pAmI maMjarI ho paMjarI sahakAra ke; AchAM taruara nahi game, giruAzuM ho hoye guNano pyAra ke, kamalinI dinakara kara grahe vaLI kamudinI ho dhare caMda zuM prIta ke: gaurI girIza giridhara vinA navi cAhe ho kamaLA nijacitta ke. zrI sumatinAthanA stavanamAM kavi lakhe che : sumatinAtha guNasDa milIjI, vAdhe muja mana prIti; telabiMdu jima vistarejI, jaLamAMhi bhalI rIti. sobhAgI jinazuM lAgyo avihaDa raMga. sajjana zuM je prItaDIjI, chAnI te ja rahAya; parimala kastUrI taNojI, mahI mAMhi mahakAya. aMgulIye navi meru DhaMkAye, chAbaDIye raviteja, aMjalimAM jima gaMga na mAe, muja mana tima prabhu heja. huo chipe nahi adhara aruNa jima, khAtAM pAna suraMga; pIvata bharabhara prabhuguNa pyAlA, tima muja prema abhaMga. DhAMkI IkSa parALazuM, na rahe lahI vistAra; vAcaka jaNa kahe prabhu taNojI, tima muja prema prakAra. Ama, joI zakAze ke zrI yazovijayajInAM stavano e mAtra stutinA prakAranI yazovijayajI ane emano jabUsvAmI rAsa re 129

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sAmAnya racanAo nathI paraMtu UMcA prakAranI kAvyaracanAo che. kavi pAse upamA, rUpaka, dRSyatAdi alaMkAro puSkaLa che ane e vaDe tathA emanI bhASAnI prAsAdikatA vaDe emanI racanAo kharekhara zobhI UThe che. viharamAna vIsa jinezvaronAM vIsa vanomAM emaNe jinezvaro pratyenI potAnI cola majIThanA raMga jevI pAkI prIta vyakta karI che, ane prabhunI kRpAnI yAcanA karatAM karatAM teo, sAmAnya rIte, chellI eka-be kaDImAM te te jinezvaronAM mAtApitA, lAMchana ItyAdinuM smaraNa kare che. kavinI bAnI keTalI sacoTa che te juo : masi vaNi je likhyA tuja guNe, akSara premanA citta re; dhoIe tima tima UghaDe, bhagati jale teha nitya re. (zrI vIrasena jinastavana) cakhavI samakti sukhaDI re, haLavIo huM bALa re; kevaLaratna lahyA vinA re, na tajuM caraNa trikALa re. (zrI svayaMprabha jinastavana) Uge bhAnuM AkAza, saravara kamala haserI; dekhI caMda cakora pIvA amIe dhaserI. dUra thakI paNa temanuM prabhuzuM citta miLyurI; zrI nayavijayasuziSya, kahe guNa heje hibyurI. (zrI sujAta jinastavana) kavie keTalAMka sAmAnya jinastavanonI racanA karI che. e stavano judIjudI rAgarAgiNIomAM racAyelAM che, ane tenI bhASA vraja che. A stavanomAM kavinI vANI mAdhurya ane prasAdaguNathI vizeSa jhaLake che. viziSTa jinastavanomAM te te sthaLa-vizeSano paNa kavie nirdeza karyo che. zrI sImaMdhara svAmInA savAso gAthAnA stavanamAM AraMbhamAM kavie zrI sImaMdhara svAmIne vinaMtI karI kuguruonAM aniSTa AcaraNo para prahAra karyo che. AvA kugurunA vacanamAM loko phasAyA che temane eka sadguru sAco bodha Ape che. te guru lokone kahe che : para ghara jotAM re dharma tume pharo, nija ghara na laho re dharma, jema navi jANe re mRgakasturIo, mRgamada parimala marma. jema te bhUlo re mRga dizi dizi phare, levA mRgamada gaMdha; tema nga TUMDhe re bAhira dharmane, mithyA-daSTi re aMdha. 10 ka sAhityadarzana

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jAtibaMdhano re doSa na Akaro, je navi dekhe re artha; mithyA dRSTi re tehathI Akaro mAne artha anartha. pachI AtmadravyanuM zuddha svarUpa samajavA ane oLakhavA mATe kahevAmAM Ave che, ane sAcI jJAnadazAnuM mahattva batAvavAmAM Ave che. AgaLa jatAM ziSyanI zaMkAnuM samAdhAna karatAM guru nizcaya ane vyavahAra baMnenAM svarUpa ane mahattva samajAve che, kavie A prasaMge upamA ApI che : nizcaya-daSTi hRdaya dharIjI, pAle je vyavahAra; puNyavaMta te pAmazejI, bhavasamudrano pAra. turaMga caDhI jema pAmIejI, vege purano paMtha; mArga tema zivano lahejI, vyavahAra nirmantha. mahola caDhatA jema nahIMjI, teha turaMganuM kAja; sala nahi nizcaya lahejI, tema tanu kiriyA sAja. e pachI kavie mokSamArga ane dravya-bhAva stavananuM nirUpaNa karI, jinapUjA ane temAMye sAcI bhaktinuM rahasya samajAvI stavane pUruM karyuM che. zrI varastutirUpa doDhaso gAthAnA hUMDInA stavanamAM kavie jina-pratimAnI pUjA karavA vize Agama graMthomAMthI pramANo ApI samajAvyuM che, ane jinapratimAnI pUjA na karavAmAM mAnavAvALAnA matano parihAra karyo che. A stavanamAM kavie jinapratimAnI pUjAne lagatAM prAcIna vyaktionAM ghaNAM dRSTAnto ApyAM che. A stavananI racanA emaNe saM. 1733mAM iMdalapuramAM karI che. zrI sImaMdhara svAmInA siddhAnta-vicAra-rahasya garbhita sADA traNaso gAthAnA stavanamAM kavi zrI sImaMdhara svAmIne vinaMtI kare che ke he bhagavan! kRpA karIne mane zuddha mArga batAvo. A kaliyugamAM loko aMdhazraddhApUrvaka vartI rahyA che, sUtraviruddha AcAre cAlI rahyA che ane chatAM pote sAcA mArge cAle che ema batAvI bhoLA. lokane bhoLavI rahyA che. mATe mArI vinaMtI tame sAMbhaLo" kavi lakhe che : cAle sUtra viruddhAcAre, bAkhe sUtra viruddha ! eka kahe ame mAraga rAkhuM. te kema mAnuM zuddhAre. AlaMbana kUDAM dekhADI, mugadha lokane pADe; AzAbhaMga tilaka te kALuM thAye Apa nilADe re. jinajI. bIje eka sthaLe kavi lakhe che : mAro moTAImAM je muni calave yakaDamAlA; zuddha prarUpaNa guNa viNa na ghaTe, tasa bhava arahadamAlA.... dhanya. nija guNa saMce. mana navi khaMce, graMtha bhaNI jana paMce; uMce keza na muMce mAyA, te na rahe vrata paMce.. dhanya. yazovijayajI ane emano bUsvAmI rAsa - 131

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kavie ajJAnI lokonI aMdhazraddhA para ane kugurunA vartana para sakhata prahAro karyA che. jeo kaSTa karavAmAM ja munipaNuM raheluM mAne che tene mATe kavi lakhe che : jo kaSTa muni mAraga pAve, baLada thAya to sAro; bhAra vahe je tAvaDe bhamato, khamato gADha prahAro. AvA munio ane temanAM AcaraNo ughADAM pADI kavi uttama munionuM citra dore che : dhanya te munivara re, je cAle samabhAve; bhavasAgara lIlAe Utare, saMyama kiriyA nAve, bhogapaMka tajI upara beThA, paMkaja pere je nyArA; siMha pare nija vikrama zUrAtribhuvana jana AdhAra. jJAnavaMta jJAnI zuM maLatA, tana mana vAcane sAcA; dravya bhAva sudhA je bhAkhe, sAcI jinanI vAcA. vividha dezIomAM racAyelA sattara DhAlanA A stavanamAM kavie tatkAlIna loko ane munionAM AcaraNo, khyAlo ityAdinuM nirbhayatApUrvaka sAcuM citra doryuM che, jemAMthI koI paNa yuganA munioe ane lokoe ghaNo bodha levA jevo che. zrI yazovijayajIe samyakatvanA saDasaTha bolanI sajhAya, aDhAra pApasthAnakanI sajhAya, pratikramaNa hetugarbhanI sajhAya, agiyAra aMganI sajhAya, ATha yogadRSTinI sakjhAya, sugurunI sajhAya, pAMca kugurunI sajhAya, caDyApaDyAnI sajhAya, amRtavelInI sajhAya (nAnI ane moTI), jinapratimAsthAna sakjhAya, cAra AhAranI sajhAya, saMyamazreNi vicAra sajhAya ItyAdi sakjhAyonI racanA karI che. sajhAya (svAdhyAya)no racanAprakAra ja evo che ke jemAM koI vastunuM yathArtha svarUpa samajAvavAmAM AvyuM hoya ane Atmabodha ApavAmAM Avyo hoya. zrI yazovijayajInI sajhAyomAM dharmanuM pAribhASika jJAna ThIkaThIka ApavAmAM AvyuM che. "samayantanAnA saDasaTha bola', "aDhAra pApasthAnaka ane pratikramaNa hetugarbha e traNa emanI moTI sajhAyo che. samyaktvanA saDasaTha bolanI sajhAya bAra DhAlanI aDasaTha gAthAmAM lakhAyelI che. temAM cAra sahI , traNa liMga, daza prakAranA vinaya, traNa zuddhi, pAMca dUSaNa, ATha prabhAvaka, pAMca bhUSaNa, pAMca lakSaNa, cha yatnA, cha AgAra, cha bhAvanA ane cha sthAnaka ema maLI saDasaTha bola samajAvavAmAM AvyA che. sajhAyanA AraMbhamAM kavi eno nirdeza karatAM lakhe che : cau saduhaNA ti liMga che, dazavidha vinaya vicAro re; triNi zuddhi paNa dUSaNAM, ATha prabhAvaka dhAro re. 13ra ke sAhityadarzana

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prabhAvaka aTha, paMca bhUSaNa, paMca lakSaNa jANIe; SaTra jayaNA par AgAra bhAvanA, chavihA mana ANIe; dhar ThANa samakti taNA saDasaTha, bheda eha ughara e; ehano tattvavicAra karatAM, lahIje bhavapAra e. e pachI saduhaNA, liMga, vinaya, zuddhi ityAdi eka eka DhAlamAM samajAvavAmAM AvyAM che. aDhAra pApasthAnakanI sajhAya aDhAra DhAlanI 138 gAthAmAM lakhavAmAM AvI che. emAM jaina dharma pramANe hiMsA, mRSAvAda, adattAdAna, abrahmacarya, parigraha, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, rAga, dveSa, kalaha, abhyAkhyAna, pazunya, ratiarati, paraMparivAda, mAyAmRSAvAda ane mithyAtvazalya e aDhAra pApasthAno gaNAya che te samajAvavAmAM AvyAM che. ane te badhAMthI mukta rahevAno upadeza ApavAmAM Avyo che. A sakjhAyamAM dharmanI pAribhASika bAbato ochI AvatI hovAthI ane e pApasthAno rojiMdA jIvanamAM jANItAM hovAthI jainajenetara sau koIne A sajhAya sahelAIthI samajAya evI ane game evI che. emAMnI thoDIka paMktio juo : mara' kahetAM paNa duHkha have re, mAre kima nahi hoya ? hiMsA bhaginI ati bUrI re, vaizvAnaranI joya re. rAya viveka kanyA kSamA re. paraNAve jasa sAtha; teha thakI dUre Tale re, hiMsA nAma balAya re. (hiMsA pApAnaka) svayaMbhUramaNa samudra, koI je avagAhI zake; te paNa lobhasamudra, pAra na pAme bala thake. koIka lobhane heta, tapazruta je hAre jaDA; kAga uDAvaNaheta, suramaNi nAMkhe te khaDA. (lobha pApasthAnaka) cADI karatAM ho ke vADI guNa taNI. sUke cUke ho ke khetI purva taNI. "zunya pApasthAnaka) pratikramaNa hetugarbhanI sakjhAya ogaNIsa DhAlanI 218 gAthAmAM lakhAyelI che. emAM pratikramaNa ane tenA cha prakAra, bAra adhikAra, aticArazuddhi ane ATha paryAya samajAvavAmAM AvyAM che. te pachI pratikramaNadevasI, rAI, pakhI, caumAsI)nI yazovijayajI ane emano jabUsvAmI rAsa 133

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vidhi samajAvyA pachI pratikramaNano artha batAvavAmAM Avyo che ane pratikaraNa', patiharaNA', 'vAraNA', 'nivRtti', niMdA', "gaha', "zuddhizodhana' e pratikramaNanA bIjA sAta paryAyo dantakathAo sAthe samajAvavAmAM AvyA che. kavie suratamAM cAturmAsa daramiyAna A sajhAyanI racanA karI hatI. enI racanAtAla viSe - yugayuga muni vidhu vatsare' e zabdonI saMkhyA viSe - vidvAnomAM matabheda che. zrI yazovijayajInI anya kRtiomAM gIto, pado vagerenA prakAranI laghu racanAo uparAMta rAsa, saMvAda ItyAdinA prakAranI moTI racanAo paNa che. emanI atyAra sudhImAM maLI AvatI AvI kRtiomAM (1) dravyaguNaparyAya rAsa (2). jabUsvAmI rAsa (3) samudravahANa saMvAda (4) samatAzataka (5) samAdhizataka (6) paMcaparameSThi gItA (7) samyattvanAM cha sthAnanI copAI (8)jaMbUsvAmI brahmagItA (9) dipaTa corAzI bola (10) yatidharma batrIsI (11) AnaMdadhana aSTapadI (12) jasavilAsa-AdhyAtmika pado (13) upadezamAlA (14) adhyAtmamata parIkSAno Tabo (15) jJAnasArano Tabo (16) tattvArthasUtrano Tabo (17) vicArabiMdu ane eno Tabo (18) zaTha-prakaraNa bAlAvabodha (19) lokanAli bAlAvabodha (20) jesalameranA patro (21) zrI vinayavijayajIkRta apUrNa rahela "zrIpAlarAsano uttara bhAga (22) sAdhuvaMdanA (23) gaNadhara bhAsa (24)nemarAjulanAM gIto ityAdi kRtio gaNAya che. 'dravyaguNaparyAya rAsa' sattara DhAlanI 284 gAthAmAM lakhAyelI eka atyaMta mahattvanI kRti che. A rAsanI saM. 1711nI zrI yazovijayajInA guru zrInavijayajIe siddhapuramAM lakhelI hastaprata maLe che. eTale A rAsanI racanA saM. 1700nI AsapAsa thaI hoya evuM mAnavAmAM Ave che. A rAsamAM kavie tattvajJAnane kavitAmAM utAravAno prayatna karyo che. madhyakAlIna kavi akhAnI yAda apAve e prakAranI A kRti che. emAM dravya, guNa ane paryAyanAM lakSaNo, svarUpo ityAdinuM varNana aneka matamatAMtara ane daSTAnto tathA AdhAragraMthonA ullekho sAthe karavAmAM AvyuM che. kavinI samartha zaktinuM A sacoTa udAharaNa pUruM pADe che. A rAsanuM pachInA kALamAM saMskRtamAM bhASAMtara thayuM che e ja enI mahatA samajAvavA mATe basa che. samadravahANa saMvAda saM. 1717mAM ghoghA baMdaramAM kavie racelI saMvAdanA prakAranI eka uttama kRti che. 17 DhAla tathA duhAnI maLIne 306 gAthAmAM racAyelI A kRtimAM kavie samudra ane vahANa vacce sacoTa saMvAda rajU karI vahANe samudrano garva kevI rIte utAryo tenuM Alekhana karyuM che. nAnI vastu paNa keTaluM mahattvanuM kArya kare che te samajAvatAM vahANa samudrane kahe che : 134 - sAhityadarzana

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haluA piNa acche tArUjI, sAyara! sAMbhaLo. bahu janane pAra utArUjI, sAyara ! sAMbhaLo. sDa kije tuha moIjI je bole loga logAIjI. tumha nAma dharAvo cho moTAjI, paNi kAmanI velAI khoTAjI. tumha kevala jANyuM vAdhyAjI, navi jAgye parahita sAdhyA. tu moTAI mata rAcojI, hIro nAno paNi hoI jAcojI. vAdha UkaraDo ghaNuM moTojI, tihAM jaie leI loTojI. ApaNAM saMvAdakAvyomAMnAM uttama kAvyomAM sthAna pAme e prakAranI A kRti che. sau koI sahelAIthI AsvAdI zake evI ane kavinI saMvAdazaktino ane jJAnano sAro paricaya karAve evI A kRti che. - kavie judIjudI dezIomAM pAMtrIseka adhyAtmanAM padonI racanA karI che. emAM prabhubhajana, cetana ane karma, mananI sthiratA, samatA ane mamatA, upazama, cetanA, AtmadarzanasAco dharma, sAcA muni vagere viSayo levAmAM AvyA che. kavinI ghaNIkharI A racanAo vrajabhASAmAM ke vrajabhASAnI chAMTavALI che ane kavitAnI UMcI koTie pahoMce evI che. Ama, upAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajIe gujarAtI bhASAmAM paNa vipula sAhitya ApaNane ApyuM che, je vaDe ApaNA madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityamAM teo mahattvanuM sthAna dharAve che. emanA tamAma sAhitya mATe emaNe pote "zrIpALa rAsanI bAramI DhALamAM kahyuM che te pramANe avazya kahI zakIe. "vANI vAcaka sa taNI koI naye na adhUrI .' mahopAdhyAyajI mahArAje pote je je graMthonI racanA karI temAMnA keTalAka graMthonI pratio temanA potAnA hastAkSaramAM maLe che. emAMnI keTalIka pratio mULa kharaDarUpe paNa che. AvI pAMtrIseka jeTalI hastaprato ApaNane judAjudA bhaMDAromAM maLI AvI che. prAcIna samayanA eka ja lekhakanI ATalI badhI hastaprato enA potAnA hastAkSaramAM maLI Ave e ghaTanA atyaMta virala ane gauravapUrNa che. AvI hastapratio meLavavAmAM sauthI vadhu phALo muni zrI puNyavijayajIno che; tathA sUrisamrATa zrI vijayanemisUrIzvarajI mahArAja tathA temanA parivArano phALo tathA vidyamAna muni zrI yazovijayajIno phALo paNa prazaMsApAtra che. mahopAdhyAyajInA nIce mujaba graMtho emanA potAnA hastAkSaramAM lakhAyelA maLI AvyA che : 1. ArSabhIya mahAkAvya (apUrNa) 2. siDanvayokti (apUrNa) 3. nizAmuktiprakaraNa 4. vijayaprabhasUri kSAmaNaka vijJaptipatra; 5. siddhAMtamaMjarI zabdakhaMDa TIkA (apUrNa) 6. jaMbUsvAmI rAsa 7. ArAdhaka-virAdhaka caturbhagI-svopajJa yazovijayajI ane emano bUsvAmI casa 135

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TIkA saha 8, adhyAtmasAra 9. prameyamAlA (apUrNa) 10. dravyaguNaparyAya rAsa bAlAvabodha 11. dharmaparIkSA svopajJa TIkAmAM umeraNa 12. AtmakhyAti 13. gurutavinizcaya graMthano aMtimabhAga 14. narahasya 15. bhASArahasya 16. vAdamAlA (apUrNa) 17. syAdvAdarahasya 18. mArga parizuddhi 19. vairAgvakalpalatA ra0. yogabiMdu avacUrI 21. yogadaSTi samuccaya avacUrI (apUrNa) 22. svAdvAdarahasya bRhad (apUrNa) 23. tattvArthavRtti 24. vairAgyarati (apUrNa) 25. stotratrika 26. utpAdAdisiddhiprakaraNa TIkA (apUrNa) 27. nyAyAloka 28. yogaviziMkAvRtti 19, viSayatAvAda 30 stotrAvalI-stotratrika 31. aSTasahastrI 32. kAvyaprakAzaTIkA (apUrNa). A uparAMta bIjA keTalAka graMtho paNa emanA hastAkSaramAM maLI Ave evo saMbhava che. emanA keTalAka graMthonAM pAnAM veravikhera, chUTAMchavAyAM thaI naSTa pAmyAM che. kacarA tarIke mAnI sAbaramatI nadImAM padharAvavA mATe laI javAtAM pAnAMnA saMgrahamAMthI yogavizikAvRtti jevA graMtho maLI AvyA che. zrI yazovijayajInA hastAkSaramAM emaNe bIjA graMthakAronA graMthonI potAnA upayoga mATe karelI nakalo paNa ThIkaThIka saMkhyAmAM maLe che. bIjI bAju, emaNe pote racelA graMthonI emanA guru zrI navijayagaNie karI ApelI nakalo paNa ApaNane maLe che e paNa eka AnaMdagauravanI vAta che. paMDita sukhalAlajIno abhiprAya zrI yazovijayajI mahArAje mahAna jaina pUrvAcAryonI ghaNI kRtiono, mahattvanI upalabdha lagabhaga badhI ja kRtiono, UMDo abhyAsa karyo hato. taduparAMta, emaNe anya darzanono paNa ghaNo UMDo abhyAsa karyo hato. emanA jeTalI ane jevI bahuzrutatA bahu ja virala vyaktiomAM ApaNane jovA maLe che. pU. paMDita sukhalAlajIe zrI yazovijayajIkRta pAtajala yogadarzanavRtti' tathA hAribhadrI yogavizikA TIkAnA hiMdImAM sArasahita karelA saMpAdanamAM zrI yazovijayajI mATe nIce mujaba abhiprAya darzAvyo che : ___ 'vAcaka yazovijayakA paricaya itanehImeM kara lenA cAhie ki unakI sI samanvaya zakti rakhanevAlA, jaina netara maulika graMthokA gaharA dohana karanevAlA, pratyeka viSayakI tahataka pahu~cakara usa para samabhAvapUrvaka apanA spaSTa mantavya prakAzita karanevAlA, zAstrIya va laukika bhASAmeM vividha sAhitya racakara apane sarala aura kaTina vicAroMkA sava jijJAsu taka pahu~cAnekI ceSTA karanevAlA aura saMpradAyameM rahakara bhI saMpradAyake baMdhanakI paravA na kara jo kucha ucita jAna par3A usa para nirbhayatApUrvaka 136 sAhityadarzana

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likhanevAlA kevala zvetAmbara digaMbara samAjameM hI nahIM valki jainetara samAjameM bhI unakA sA koI viziSTa vidvAna abhI taka hamAre dhyAnameM nahIM AyA / pAThaka smaraNameM rakkheM, yaha atyukti nahIM hai / hamane upAdhyAyajI ke aura dUsare vidvAnoM ke graMthoM kA abhItaka jo alpa mAtra avalokana kiyA hai usake AdhAra para tola-nApa kara uparake vAkya likhe haiM / niHsandeha zvetAmbara aura digaMbara samAjameM aneka bahuzruta vidvAna ho gaye hai / vaidika tathA bauddha sampradAya meM bhI pracaMDa vidvAnoMkI kamI nahIM rahI hai; khAsa kara vaidika vidvAna to sadAhIse ucca sthAna lete Aye haiM; vidyA mAno unakI bapotI hI hai; para isameM zaka nahIM ki koI bauddha yA koI vaidika vidvAna Ajataka aisA nahIM huA hai jisake granthake avalokanase yaha jAna paDe ki vaha vaidika yA bauddhazAstra ke uparAMta jaina zAstrakA bhI vAstavika gaharA aura sarvavyApI jJAna rakhatA ho / isake viparIta upAdhyAyajI jaina the isa lie jainazAstrakA gaharA jJAna unake lie sahaja thA para upaniSada, darzana Adi vaidika granthokA tathA bauddha granthokA itanA vAstavika paripUrNa aura spaSTa jJAna unakI apUrva pratibhA aura kAzI sevanakA hI pariNAma hai / " bIje eka sthaLe emaNe lakhyuM che : 'teo janmasaMskA2saMpanna, zrutayogasaMpanna ane Ajanma brahmacArI dhuraMdhara AcArya hatA. sAmAnya rIte potAnA badhA TIkAgraMthomAM temaNe je je kahyuM che te badhAnuM upAdAna prAcIna ane prAmANika graMthonI sammati dvArA karyuM che, kyAMye koI graMthano artha kADhavAmAM kheMcatANa nathI karI... mAtra amArI dRSTie nahi, paNa harakoI taTastha vidvAnanI dRSTie jaina saMpradAyamAM upAdhyAyajInuM sthAna vaidika saMpradAyanA zaMkarAcArya jevuM che.'* upAdhyAyajI mahArAja dArzanika viSayonA pAradraSTA hatA. temaNe jaina darzanone navyanyAya zailImAM rajU karyAM che. temanA A mahAna kArya vize zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyAe lakhyuM che, ...e sADAcAraso varSanA vikAsano samAveza ekale hAthe vAcaka vavijayajIe jainazAstramAM karyo che. temanA A mahAna kAryano jyAre vicAra karIe chIe tyAre temanI pratibhAne namana karyA vinA chUTako nathI thato. temaNe aneka viSayonA aneka graMtho lakhyA che, paNa te na ja lakhyA hota topaNa temaNe ja jaina ke navyanyAyanI zailImAM mUkIne apUrva kArya karyuM che tene laIne teo amara thaI gayA che... Adhunika darzanazAstramAMthI grAhya ke tyAjyano vicAra karanAra haju koI jaina dArzanika pAkyo nathI. e jyAM sudhI nahi pAke tyAM sudhI vAcaka yazovijayajI jaina darzana vize aMtima pramANa raheze.'+ * yazovijayajInA guru tattvavinizvaya' nAmanA graMthanI prastAvanA. + 'zrI yazovijaya smRtigraMtha'mAM amara yazovijayajI' nAmano lekha, pR.67 yazovijyajI ane emano jaMbUsvAmI rAsa : 137

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jema darzanazAstramAM tema adhyAtmayogamAM paNa temanuM arpaNa mUlyavAna che. temane zrI haribhadrasUrie varNavelA yogamArganA Adya vivecaka tarIke oLakhAvavAmAM Ave che. teo jevA jJAnI hatA tevA kiyAvAdI paNa hatA. temanI pratibhA ane temanAM kAryo ApaNane mahAna pUrvAcAryonAM smaraNa karAve che. Do. bhagavAnadAsa mahetA lakhe che, "A mahAtmA pratibhAmAM jANe siddhasena divAkaranA punaravatAra hoya, dArzanika abhyAsamAM jANe laghu haribhadra hoya, zrutajJAnamAM jANe bIjA hemAcArya hoya, adhyAtmavidyAmAM jANe AnaMdaghanajInA anugAmI hoya ema ApaNane saheje pratibhAse che. * zrI bhadraMkaravijayajI gaNi lakhe che, "vAcaka yazovijayamAM haribhadrAcArya jevI madhyastha buddhi ane parIkSaka zakti tathA hemacandrAcArya jevI sanmArgadazaka ane sanmArgarakSaka vRtti tarI Ave che. taduparAMta, pUrvanA mahAna AcAryonI jema gurubhakti, tIrthabhakti, saMghabhakti, zAsanaprema, dharmaprema, saMsArajugupsA, saMvegarasa, namratA, laghutA, saraLatA, daDhatA, udAratA, dhIratA, gaMbhIratA, paropakArarasikatA ItyAdi agaNita guNo jaNAI Ave che. ane e badhA apUrva guNonA kAraNe temanI kRtio eka nAnuM bALaka paNa samajI zake eTalI hada sudhInI saraLa ane eka prauDhatama vidvAna paNa na samajI zake eTalI hada sudhInI gaMbhIra maLI zake che.'' Ama, anekavidha pratibhA dharAvanAra, aneka kSetramAM potAnuM mUlyavAna arpaNa karanAra upAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajI ApaNA mahAna jyotirdhara che. tArkikaziromaNi smArita zrutakevalI, laghu haribhadra, dvitIya hemacandra, yogavizArada, satyagaveSaka, samayavicAraka, "U' bIjamaMtra padanA prasthApaka, "kurcAlI zAradA puruSarUpe avatarela mUchavALI sarasvatInuM virala biruda pAmelA, mahAna samanvayakAra, prakhara vaiyAyika, vAdImadabhaMjaka, zuddhAcAra kriyApAlaka, dravyAnuyogano dariyo ullaMghI janAra ItyAdi zabdo vaDe jemane biradAvavAmAM Ave che evA mahAna jyotirdhara zrI yazovijayajIne ApaNAM koTizaH vaMdana ho! (2) bUsvAmI rAsa saMskRta ane prAkRtamAM aneka graMthonI racanA karanAra mahopAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajIe gujarAtI bhASAmAM paNa ghaNI racanAo karI che. jaMbUsvAmI rAsa emanA jIvananI uttarAvasthAnI, saM. 1739mAM racAyelI kRti che. A rAsa emanI samagra gujarAtI kRtiomAM kadanI dRSTie moTAmAM moTI kRti che. A pUrve emaNe * zrI yazovijaya smRtigraMtha pR.79 + zrI yazovijaya smRtigraMtha pR.26 138 sAhityadarzana

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gujarAtImAM bIjI ghaNI nAnImoTI kRtionI racanA karelI che. eTale jaMbUsvAmI rAsamAM emanuM gujarAtI bhASA paranuM prabhutva ghaNuM sAruM joI zakAya che. jaMbusvAmI rAsa pUrve zrI yazovijayajIe stavana, sajhAya, saMvAda vagere prakAranI keTalIye racanAo judIjudI dezIomAM ke rAga-rAgiNIomAM lakhAyelI DhALomAM karI hatI, taduparAMta, emaNe zrI vinayavijyajInA apUrNa 'zrIpAla rAsa'nA uttara bhAganI racanA karelI hatI ane dravya guNaparyAya rAsa'mAM tathA "SaTrasthAnaka copAImAM tattvajJAna jevA kaThina viSayane kavitAmAM - rAsanA prakAranI racanAmAM utAravAno prayatna karyo hato. eTale jaMbUsvAmI rAsanI racanA emane mATe hastAmalaka jevI vAta hatI. dravyaguNaparyAya rAsanI racanA mAtra DhALomAM thaI che ane tenuM vastu paNa mAtra tattvajJAnanuM che. jyAre jaMbUsvAmI rAsa prAcIna jaina rAsApaddhatie DhALa ane duhAnI kaDIomAM lakhAyelo che ane emAM vastu tarIke zrI jaMbUsvAmInI kathA levAmAM AvI che. saM. 1738-39mAM zrI upAdhyAyajI mahArAja khaMbhAtamAM comAsuM rahyA hatA. e arasAmAM saM. 1738mAM emaNe "zrI jaMbusvAmI brahmagItA' nAmanI eka nAnI kRtinI racanA karI hatI. ane tyAra pachI e ja comAsA daramiyAna emaNe, A "jabUsvAmI rAsanI racanA emanA guru zrI navijayajInA sAnidhyamAM rahIne karI che, eTale jaMbUsvAmI vize e laghukRti parathI A moTI kRti racavA tarapha teo prerAyA hoya ema lAge che. laghukati phAga ane duhAnI ra9 kaDImAM lakhAyelI che. emAM jaMbUsvAmInA caritranI mukhya mukhya ghaTanAono mAtra nirdeza ja che ane madana upara teo kevo vijaya meLave che tenuM nirUpaNa che. racanAnI dRSTie emAM brahmagItA ane rAsa baMne bhinnabhinna che, eTale kalpanA, alaMkAra, tarka ke bhASAnI dRSTie emAM sAmya na hoya e svAbhAvika che. tema chatAM brahmagItAnI nIcenI paMktio jevI paMktio rAsamAM paNa ApaNane anya saMdarbhamAM jovA maLe che : ATha te kAminI oraDI, goraDI coraDI citta; moraDI pari madi mAcatI, nAcatI racatI gIta. AnI sAthe sarakhAvo bUsvAmI rAsanA cothA adhikAranI 13pamI kaDI : madana guNa UraDI goraDI, coraDI taruNa mana teha re; kAmI pagabaMdhana doraDI, lavaNimAliMgita deha re. zrI yazovijayajI mahArAje A "jabUsvAmI rAsanI racanA mATe zrI - khaMbha nayare thumyA citti harSe jaMbU vasu', bhuvana, muni, caMda varSe zrI nayavijaya budha suguru sIsa, kahe adhika pUravo mana jagIsa. yazovijayajI ane emano jabUsvAmI rAsa - 139

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hemacaMdrAcArya kRta 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra'nA pariziSTa parvamAM ApelA jaMbusvAmInA caritrano mukhyatve AdhAra lIdho che. zrI jaMbUsvAmInA caritra vize saMskRtaprAkRtamAM racanAo thayelI che ane temAM zrI hemacaMdrAcAryanI racanA vadhu vistRta ane samartha che, eTale teno AdhAra A rAsanI racanA mATe levAya e svAbhAvika che. zrI jaMbusvAmInuM caritra prAcIna graMthomAM ApaNane I.sa.nA chaThThA saikAnA 'tasudevahiMDI' (saMghadAsagaNikRta)mAM jovA maLe che. temAM jaMbUsvAmInuM caritra, 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSaciratra'nI sarakhAmaNImAM ghaNuM ja TUMkamAM ApavAmAM AvyuM che. vastutaH vasudevanI kathAno AraMbha batAvavAnA nimitte ja temAM jaMbUsvAmInI kathA ApavAmAM AvI che. 'vasudevahiDI'mAM jaNAvyA pramANe zrI sudharmAsvAmIe zrI jaMbUsvAmIne vasudevacacirata kaheluM hatuM; tethI 'vasudevahiMDI'mAM mAtra 'kathAnI utpatti' tarIke jaMbUsvAmInuM caritra ApavAmAM AvyuM che. jaMbUsvAmI vize atyAra sudhImAM maLatI A jUnAmAM jUnI kathA hovAthI tenI mukhya mukhya ghaTanAo ApaNe joI laIe. magadhA nAme jAnapadamAM, rAjagRha nagaramAM zreNika rAjA rAjya karato hato. e nagaramAM RSabhadatta nAme zAhukAra raheto hato. enI patnI dhAriNIne eka vAra pAMca svapno AvelAM. e parathI RSabhadatte AgAhI karI hatI ke, bhagavAna arahaMte AvAM svapno rzAvyuM che te pramANe, tane prabhAvazALI putra thaze.' tyAra pachI brahmalokathI AvelA deva tenI kUkhe avataryo. dhAriNIe svapnamAM jAMbuphaLanuM darzana karyuM hatuM eTale putranuM nAma jaMbUkumAra rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. jaMbukumAra yuvApasthAmAM AvyA te samaye zrI sudharmA AmI gaNadhara rAgRha nagaranA caityamAM padhAryAM hatA. jaMbUkumA2 temane vaMdana ka2vA jAya che ane temanI pAsethI upadeJa sAMbaLI dIkSA levA prerAya che. dIkSA mATe te mAtApitAnI AjJA mAgavA jAya che, paraMtu nagaramAM pravezavA jAya che tyAM yuddhanI taiyArI nihALe che ane kramaNano bhaya jaNAtAM guru pAse jaI pahelAM AjIvana brahmacaryanuM vrata le che ane pachI dhare pahoMcI mAtApitAne vAta kare che. mAtApitA jaMbukumArane dIkSA - levA mATe samajAve che. javAbamA jaMbUkumA2 zrI sudharmAsvAmIe kahela IbyaputranI kathA, durlabha dhanaprAptinA viSayamAM mitronI kathA ane indriya viSayonI Asakti saMbaMdhe vAMdarAnI kathA mAtApitAne kahI, tyAra pachI, mAtApitAnA Agrahane lIdhe dIkSA letA pahelAM pANigrahaNa karavAnuM jaMbUkumAra svIkAre che; kAraNa ke temano vivAha ATha zreSThIonI kanyAo sAthe te pahelAM karavAmAM Avyo hato. 140 sAhityadarzana

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jaMbUkumAranAM lagna thAya che. lagnane divase sAMje bhojana pachI jaMbUkumAra ATha patnIo sAthe vAsagharamAM jAya che, te samaye prabhava nAmano cora potAnA sAthIo sAthe tyAM AvI, potAnI avasthApinI vidyA vaDe badhAMne UMghADI vastrAbharaNa corI javA prayatna kare che. te samaye jaMbUkumAra jAgrata hoya che ane emanA zabdothI te coro nizreSTa thaI jAya che. prabhava cora AthI Azcarya pAmI AvI "stabhinI' ane "mocanI' vidyA potAnI avasthApinI vidyAnA badalAmAM ApavA mATe jaMbUkumArane kahe che. paraMtu jaMbUkumAra prabhavane jaNAve che ke pote saMsArano tyAga karI AvatI kAle zrI sudharmAsvAmI pAse dIkSA levAnA che. prabhava temane dIkSA na levA mATe kahe che. tenA javAbamAM jaMbUkumAra tene madhubiMdunI kathA kahe che ane prabhavanI bIjI dalIlonA uttaramAM lalitAMgakumAranI, kuberadattanI, gopa yuvakanI, mahezvaradattanI ane vaNikanI kathA kahe che. tyAra pachI jaMbUkumAre sudharmAsvAmI pAse dIkSA lIdhI. temanI sAthe temanAM mAtApitA, patnI ane prabhave paNa dIkSA lIdhI. guru sAthe vihAra karatA jaMbusvAmI caMpAnagarImAM padhAryA te samaye zreNika rAjAnA putra koNike sudharmAsvAmIna jaMbUsvAmI vize pUchyuM, "bhagavAna ! A sAdhu ATalA badhA tejasaMpattivALA dekhAya che to temaNe kevA prakAranuM tapa karyuM hatuM?" gurue kahyuM, "he rAjana ! jyAre tArA pitAe zrI mahAvIra prabhune pUchyuM tyAre temaNe je kahyuM hatuM te sAMbhaLa." ema kahI gurue zrI mahAvIra prabhue kahelI prasannacaMdra ane valkalacIrInI kathA kahI. tyAra pachI jaMbUsvAmInI pUrvabhavanI kathAmAM zrI mahAvIra prabhue kahelI bhavadeva ane bhavadatanA saMbaMdhanI tathA sAgaradatta ane zivakumAranA saMbaMdhanI ane anADhiya devanI kathA gurue kahI. tyAra pachI zreNika rAjAnA praznanA javAbamAM zrI mahAvIra prabhue kaheluM vasudevanuM caritra "vasudevahiMDImAM ApavAmAM AvyuM che. Ama "vasudevahiMDInI zrI jaMbUravAmInI kakSA ApaNe joI e pachI hemacandrAcAryavRta triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritramAM e kathA ApaNane A pramANe jovA maLe che : zreNika rAjA potAnA nagaramAM zrI mahAvIra prabhu samovasaryA che jANI temane vaMdana karavA jAya che. rastAmAM tenA sainiko prasannacaMdra rAjarSine jue che ane temanA vize vAta kare che. rAjA te vize vIprabhune pUche che ane vIprabhu temane prasannacaMdranA jIvana vize kahe che. tyAra pachI rAjA chellA kevaLajJAnI koNa thaze e vize pUche che ane bhagavAna emane carama kevaLI zrIjabUsvAmI vize kahe che. te samaye anADhiya yazovijayajI ane emano jaMbUsvAmI rAsa - 141

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deva tyAM AvI potAnA kuLanI prazaMsA kare che; ane ene vize rAjAe karelA praznanA javAbamAM zrI vIprabhu RSabhadatta ane jinadAsanI kathA kahe che. pachI rAjA vidyummAlI deva vize pUche che ane tenA javAbamAM prabhu emane bhavadatta ane bhavadevanA bhavanI ane pachI sAgaradana ane zivakumAranA bhavanI kathA kahe che. tyAra pachI vidyummAlI deva AvIne jaMbukamAra tarIke avatare che. pachI prabhava corano prasaMga Ave che. tene upadeza ApavA mATe ane tenI dalIlono javAba ApavA mATe bUsvAmI ane madhubiMdunI, kuberadatanI ane mahezvaradattanI kathA kahe che. tyAra pachI jebUsvAmI ATha patnIone samajAve che, ane temaNe kathArUpe karelI dalIlono kathArUpe javAba Ape che. temAM samudrazrI baka kheDUtanI kathA kahe che, javAbamAM jebUsvAmI kAgaDAnI kathA kahe che; padmazrI vAnaranI kathA kahe che, javAbamAM jaMbUsvAmI aMgArakArakanI kathA kahe che; paddhasenA nUpurapaMDitAnI kathA kahe che, javAbamAM jebUsvAmI vivumAlInI kathA kahe che; kanakasenA zaMkhadhamakanI kathA kahe che, javAbamAM jaMbUsvAmI vAnaranI kathA kahe che; nabhasenA buddhisiddhinI kathA kahe che, javAbamAM jabUsvAmI jAtivaMta ghoDAnI kathA kahe che; kanakathI mukhInA putranI kathA kahe che, javAbamAM jabUsvAmI sollakanI kathA kahe che; kamalavatI "mA sAhasa pakSInI kathA kahe che, javAbamAM jabUsvAmI traNa mitronI kathA kahe che; jayazrI nAgazrInI kathA' kahe che, javAbamAM jaMbUsvAmI lalitAMgakumAranI kathA kahe che. Ama, "vasudevahiDImAM gaNikA ane IbhyaputranI kathA tathA durlabha dhanaprAptinA viSayamAM mitronI kathA je jaMbUsvAmI potAnA mAtApitAne kahe che te, tathA prabhavanI sAthe dalIlamAM jaMbUsvAmI gopa yuvakanI kathA ane vaNikanI kathA kahe che te kathA "triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritramAM nathI. triSaSTizalAkAmAM mAtApitAne samajAvavA mATe jaMbUsvAmI taraphathI koI kathA rajU thatI nathI e noMdhapAtra che. prasannacandra ane valkalacIrInI kathA vasudevahiMDImAM jaMbUsvAmInI dIkSA pachI, AgaLa banI gayelI ghaTanArUpe kahevAmAM AvI che, tyAre 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra'mAM e kathA AraMbhamAM mUkavAmAM AvI che ane tyAra pachI jaMbUsvAmInI kathA kahevAmAM AvI che. Ama, "vasudevahiDInI jaMbUsvAmInI kathA pachInA samayamAM vikAsa pAme che ane temAM navI dRSTAnta-kathAo pUrva pakSa ane uttara pakSarUpe umerAtI jAya che. hemacandrAcAryanA 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSa caritramAM ApaNane tenuM navuM vikaseluM svarUpa jovA maLe che. emAM "vasudevehiDInI keTalIka dRSTAnta-kathAo choDI devAmAM AvI 142 sAhityadarzana

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che ane bIjI ghaNI navI dRSTAnta-kathAo umeravAmAM AvI che. vasudevahiMDImAM jaMbUsvAmI ane ATha kanyAo vacce dalIlorUpe dRSTAnta-kathAo ApavAmAM AvI nathI. 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSa-citra'mAM evI kathAo ApavAmAM AvI che ane e rIte ATha kathAo ATha kanyAo taraphathI kahevAmAM Ave che ane tenA javAbamAM ATha kathAo jaMbUsvAmI taraphathI kahevAmAM Ave che. e rIte temAM soLa kathAo umerAyelI ApaNane jovA maLe che. paraMtu te soLamAMthI kanakasenAnI dalIlanA javAbamAM jaMbUsvAmIe kahelI 'vAnaranI kathA', ane nAgazrInI dalIlanA javAbamAM emaNe kahelI 'lalitAMgakumAranI kathA' vasudevahiDImAM AvI jAya che. eTale kanyAo sAthenI dalIlamAM baMne pakSanI maLI cauda vadhu kathAo umerAya che. A cauda kathAonAM mULa pUrvenI kaI kRtiomAM rahelAM che e saMzodhanano eka rasika prazna che. upAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajIe zrI hemacandrAcAryanA 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra'ne barAbara anusarI jaMbusvAmInI kathAnuM nirUpaNa A rAsamAM karyuM che. keTalIka nAnI nAnI vigatomAM paNa emaNe 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra'no AdhAra lIdho che ane koI koI sthaLe to (u.ta., pahelA adhikAranI cothI DhAla, kaDI 94; cothA adhikAranI pahelI DhAla, kaDI 1516, ane 18-19) kalpanA, tarka ke alaMkAra paNa emaNe 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra'mAMthI lIdhAM che. Ama chatAM, ekaMdare rAsanuM nirUpaNa emaNe potAnI svataMtra, maulika zakti ane dRSTithI karyuM che. tema ka2vAmAM keTaleka sthaLe teo mAtra mULa kathA padyamAM Ape che ane keTaleka sthaLe prasaMga ke pAtrane bahalAvI nirUpaNane kAvyanI UMcI koTi sudhI pahoMcADe che. pAMcamA adhikAramAM lalitAMgakumAranI kathA pachInI kathAsAmagrInuM Alekhana emaNe 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra' karatAM ghaNuM vadhAre vigate ApyuM che ane temAM ATha kanyAonI jaMbUkumAra sAthe dIkSA levAnI tatparatA, prabhavane jaMbUkumAre ApelI zikhAmaNa, sArthavAha jaMbUkumA2nA saMghanuM rUpaka, jaMbUkumAranuM dIkSA levA mATe nIkaLavuM, ane te samaye emane jovA utsuka banelI strIonuM citra ityAdinuM kavie atyaMta hRdayaMgama Alekhana karyuM che. jaMbusvAmInI kathAnuM svarUpa evuM che ke temAM eka saLaMga kathAmAM nAnI kathAonI hAramALA samAvI levAmAM AvI che. A nAnInAnI kathAo mukhya kathAmAM saprayojana Ave che. jaMbUsvAmIe dIkSA levI ke na levI e vize baMne pakSanI dalIlonA samarthanamAM dRSTAMtakathAo rajU thAya che. emAM eka pakSe jaMbUsvAmI che yazovijayajI ane emano jaMbUsvAmI rAsa : 143

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ane bIje pakSe emanAM mAtApitA, prabhava cora ane jaMbUsvAmInI ATha patnIo che. ATalI badhI vyaktio sAthenA vivAdamAM baMne pakSa taraphathI rajU thayelI kathAonI saMkhyA ThIkaThIka hoya e svAbhAvika che. AvI kathAothI mukhya kathAno pravAha sthagita thaI javAno kadAca bhaya rahe, paraMtu ahIM to mukhya kathAnuM svarUpa ja evuM che ke jethI A bhaya raheto nathI; eTaluM ja nahi, baMne pakSamAMthI kayo pakSa vadhu sabaLa rIte rajU thAya che ane baMne pakSa taraphathI potapotAnI dalIlonA samarthanamAM kevI kathA rajU thAya che, ane aMte kono vijaya thAya che e vize rasika kutUhala jAge che. sacoTa kathAthI potAnI dalIla sacoTa rIte samajAvI zakAya che ane paraspara viruddha evAM koI paNa vastu ke vicAra mATe ene anurUpa kaMIka ne kaMIka kathA maLI Ave che, e baMne vastu ahIM ApaNe joI zakIe chIe. A rAsamAM eka bAju bhogavilAsanI ane bIjI bAju saMyama-upazamanI kathAo jovA maLe che. AthI zRMgAra ane zAMta e be rasonA Alekhanane, ane temAMye aMte vairAgya ane saMyamano vijaya batAvyo hovAthI tenA Alekhanane vadhu avakAza rahe e svAbhAvika che. tema chatAM, kavie potAnI ucca kavitvazakti vaDe, potAnA kalpanAvaibhava ane alaMkA2samRddhi vaDe A rAsane UMcI kakSAnI kRti batAvyo che. alabatta, keTaleka prasaMge mAtra kathA ja nirUpAtI hoya evuM paNa lAgaze, kAraNa ke nAnInAnI kathAo AmAM ghaNI AvatI hovAthI kathAtattvanuM pramANa thoDuM vadhe e svAbhAvika che. paraMtu ekaMdare jotAM, A rAsamAM kavie judejude sthaLe prasaMga ke pAtranuM je nirUpaNa karyuM temAM kavinI ucca kavitvazaktinAM vAraMvAra ApaNane darzana thAya che. kavi mAtra padyamAM kathA rajU karanAra nahi, paNa UMcI kakSAnA kavi che enI ApaNane khAsa pratIti thAya che, kavinAM evAM AlekhanomAMthI thoDAMka ApaNe joIe. rAsanI zarUAtamAM ja bhavadevanI virahanI pIDAnuM Alekhana kavie keTaluM sacoTa karyuM che te juo : jana jANaU kAMi dubalA, paNi virahanI pIDa na jANai re; khAdhuMpIdhuM nahi gamaiM, nidrA paNi nAvai TANai re. sohalI, sahavI AginI, paNi dohilI virahanI jAlA re. te ulhAI nIrathI, e to nayana iM asAlA re. aMka na chaiM e caMdanai, koI virahad ridaya chaiM ghauM re; viraha likhita bhAlaI javalaU, haranaI na trilocana bAdhuM re. adhara sudhA mukha candramA, vANI sAkara bAha mRNAlI re; te paIThI muja cittamAM, teNId kAyA kaho kama bAlI re. AvI ja rIte, rAjagRha nagarInuM varNana paNa thoDIka paMktiomAM keTaluM manorama 144 sAhityadarzana

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karyuM che te juo : jihAM jina caityamAM dhUpano, devI dhUma AgArsi re. mardala garjita ghana bhramarda, zikhi niti nRtya ullAsi re; jehamAM saudha phaTika zruti, chabi marakatanI lAdhI re; mAnuM gaMgAI AvI jhIlavA, yamunA ravi aMka dAdhI re; jesI haravI mAnuM jalanidhi, dukhabhara laMkA jhaMpAvI re; mukha navi daSaI amarAvatI, alakA nAmaI cAvI re. jaMbUkamAra lagna mATe sajja thAya che te prasaMganuM tAdaza varNana kavie karyuM che : gaMdhakArI adhivAsaI re, jaMbU keza ullAsa re; dharaI dhUpa kapUra agarano uttasatA re. dhammila te bAMdhyo re, sumadAya prasAdhyo re; zRMgAra ArAdhyA mArge doI rUpathI. mukhakamala jaI pAsaI re, haMsayugala vilAsaI re; sohaI kuMDala motInAM jaMbU pahariyAM re. caMdana zuci aMgo re, mauktika sarvago re; jAye tArArUM raMgaI caMga) zazi banyo re. oI vastra te paharai re, vivAha maMgala gaharAM re; dasi vAvaDa paDavaDa aMgaja RSabhano re. ane have jaMbUkumAranA varaghoDAnuM varNana juo : jAtya azva ArohaI re, chatra mayUra sohaI re; jana mohI jagi ko haI bIjo tasa samo re. gAI jaI maMgala re, vAjaI bherI bhugala re; saraNAI te saralI, saghalaI cahacahI re, jhalari OMkAraI re, mAdala beMkAraI re; vara taDiA prakAri gagana rava pUriu re. lUNa utArai pAsAM re, doI vadhUe ullAsaI re; baMdI biruda bhaNaMte maMDapa AviyA re. suvAsiNi dii agdho re, dadhi Adi mahampo re, tihAM jaMbUkumAra kumAra samAnadai re. mana zubha saMdarbhita re, paga agani garbhita re; bhAMjI saMpuTa zarAva te mAtRgRhi gayo re. padmazrIe kahelI vAnaranI kathAmAM vAnarI strI bane che, tenA sauMdaryanuM beeka kaDImAM atyaMta sacoTa ane lAghavayukta bhASAmAM kavie nirUpaNa karyuM che : yazovijayajI ane emano jaMbUsvAmI rAsa ke 14pa

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kokilakaMThI, zazimukhI, suNo cajiA re, uru kuca kesari madhya kaI, bahu guNa gAjiyA re; pIna jaghana karacaraNathI, suNo rAjiA re, jItaI kamalanI ddha kaiM, bahu guNa gAjiyA re. gaMgAkRttikA tilakasyuM, suNo rAjiA re, sohatI saMyata keza kaMI, bahu guNa gAjiyA re vana ketaka sehara kumala banyA, suNo rAjiA re, kuMDala tAla niveza kaI, bahu guNa gAjiyA re. tRtIya adhikAra, DhAla 3) durgilA nadImAM snAna karavA jAya che te samayanuM tAdaza citra khaDuM karatAM kavi varNave che : pahiraNa ardha kucaI ThavI. jali pachaThI kIDA heta: manamatha dhagadha jIvADatI, sarasa madhucalApa saMketa, liMgaI tehanaI nadI, vistArI bhara karavIci: snigdha sakhI pari gheI milaI, te hiyaDai hiyaDuM bhIci. nIra vidyarI karaI TharaI, tihAM jima nI deDaI nAva; haMsa cakravAka UsaraI, mAnuM gati kuca kRta laghubhAva. nAhatAM nIra viSeratAM, vali keli karata cirakAla; caMcala kara tehanA karaI, vara kamala nRtya anukAra. zlatha Ika vasana savepa, vari dhita adhara Tyuta keza; jalakrIDA karatI te banI. rata usthita saMgata vesa. jaMbUkumAra dIkSA levA taiyAra thAya che te samaye emanI AThe patnIo kahe che ke pati karatAM pote koI paNa rIte bhinna nathI. patinI sAthe teo AThe dIkSA levA taiyAra che ema batAvI kavi eka pachI eka avanavAM rUpakonI je lAMbI hAramALA prayoje che te emanI kavitvazaktino sAro paricaya karAve che : the siddha to he siddhi hAM re, hara to mUrati ATha; the aMbara he disi bhalI re, vAsa jo caMdana kATha. the cAMdA he cAMdaNI re, the taruari he veli; sUkAM paNi mukI nahI re, lAgI rahu raMga reli. the vana to he ketakI re, the dipaka he jyoti; the yogI mahe bhUti cho re, adhikArI to gheti. the AMbA mahe mAMjarI re, the paMkaja mahe bAga; the sUraya he pavinI re, the rasa to he raMga. the dharaNIdhara he dharA re, kSetra phaLyA to vADi; 146 ki sAhityadarzana

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the puya to he vAsanA re, bhAgya to rekhA nalADi. the sAyara to he nadI re, the dhana to he vIja; zata zAkhAI vistaryA re, the vaDa to he bIja. the kacana he varNikA re, naMga to mudrA sAra; the caMpaka he pAMkhaDI re, maNi A jo the hAra. jo prAsAda to vedikA re, saudha to dhvaja lahakata; dviIpa hatAM jagatI hasyAM re, melakyuM rasanA deta. jo saMyama to dhAraNA re, jo rUpI to rUpa; sAkAraI sAkAratA re, anubhavamAMhi anupa. jaMbUkumAra dIkSA levA mATe nIkaLe che te samaye emane jovA mATe doDI jatI strIonuM kavie doreluM citra kAlidAse raghuvaMzamAM dorelA evA citranI yAda apAve che; utsuka banelI strIo kevuM bhAna bhUle che tenuM rasika citra kavinA zabdomAM ja joIe : gAjAM vAjAM suNI naI ardha tilaka kari eka, arajata daga ika jovA cAlI cheka; eka neura paharaI eka ja carama pakhalAI, AdhI kacukI paherI jovA kAMIka cAlahaiM, dhasamasatI kAIka kala gallaI dhArdIi, kastUrI locana ThavatI AghI cAla IM; bAvanA caMdana rasa pAi lagAvaI bAlA, alato ridaya sthali lAI karaI cakacAlA. kaTimekhala kaThaI ghAlI utAvali doDaI, Ika hAra ekAvali zroNI taTa nija joI; bhujavalli neura kaMkaNa ghAlai pAi, paharaNa UDhaNanAM vastra viparyaya thAI. DhalatA ghInA gADuA muMkaI te pADuA lAgI, lADuA sama nArI naI jovAno rasa jAgai; bAla rotAM muI mAragi, paranAM bAla, BtAM nija bAlaka brAMta liI sukamAla. paridhAna zithila haU gADha baMdhana na karAI vAyu vegi mastaka UDhaNa UDI jAI; ima jotAM vadhujana hu kumArI rUpa, kautukanaI paNi tava kautuka lAguM anupa. yazovijayajI ane emano jabUsvAmI rAsa - 147

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kavie zreNikarAjA, RSabhadatta ane dhAriNInuM pAtrAlekhana thoDIka paMktiomAM keTaluM sacoTa ane suMdara karyuM che jehanai tejai parAbhavyo, bhAnuM bhamaIM mAnuM gagana re; uSNu huo tasa kiraNa te, tAsa amarSanI ana re. tAsa sabhAmAMhi zobhato, RSabhadatta huu seThi re; dhanada te tehaja dhanapati, bIjo kubera te haThi re, paMtha taruphta sa2 jala para, tasa dhana vihita Avai re; jehasyuM surataru toliU, UMco gayo. laghu bhAvai re. IMda te jehanai niti rahaI, kara agni zata koTi re; caMda te sakala kalA viraU, padavI tasa vi moTI re. dhAriNI sadharamacAriNI, citAriNI hui tAsa re; kAraNI sukha duHkha vAraNI, manohAriNa suvilAsa re. rUpai te raMbhA hAvatI, bhAvatI citi jina vayAM re; sulalita sIla sohAmaNI, sahaja salUgaDAM nayaNAM re. milia rahaI nakhamAMsa jiuM, ti daMpatI sasaneho re; navanata raMga bharaI ramaIM, eka ja jIva dhaiI deho re. sudharmAsvAmInI mahattA eka ja kaDImAM cAra judAMjudAM rUpako yojIne kavie kevI sarasa rIte batAvI che : krodha jalana zama jaladharU, mAna mAtaru hastI re; daMbha uragatiSa jAMgulI, lobha samudra agastI re. buddhi ane siddhinI kathAmAM buddhinI be avasthA vaccenA taphAvatanuM keTaluM lAkSaNika ane vAstavika citra kavie AlekhyuM che : suhaNai paNi jeNIi navi dIThA, vesa vibhUSaNa sAra hui paharatI te navanavalA, rANI jema ugha2. pahalAM jehanI kadiI na pUgI, AchaNanI paNi Asa; huI hajAra dhaMnuM dhira tehanaI, deSaI loka tamAsA tRNa kuTira jIraNa je rahatI, janama thakI paNi duha laI; te puhuDhatI huI sukhazayyA, sAta bhUmiIM mahalaI. je jIvatI hatI pa2gha2mAM, chANa pUMjo bahu karatI; huI sevatI tehanaI dAsI, kara sita cAmara dharatI. huI grAsa ciMtAI je dukhiNI, mAMDyA sakUkAra; teII poSyA yAcaka saghalA, viracI dIoddhAra, azana uttara jeNIiM navi pAmyo, pUgIno paNi kaTako; dIsai tasa mukhi mRgamada vAsita, lAla taMbolaI laTako. 148 * sAhityadarzana

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kavinI pAtrAlekhananI zaktino vizeSa paricaya ApaNane thAya che lalitAMgakumAranA pAtrAlekhanamAM. kavinI alaMkRta gauravayukta vANI UMcI sapATI para rahevA chatAM kevI saraLatAthI vahI jAya che : dhammilla mastaka dvika dhAra, mRgamada paMkilamuMchi udAra; jANe mada jharato hAthiNa, lIlAIM dhanapati sAthiU. vRSabha baMdha ura vikaTa vizAla, carama pANi paMkaja sukumAla; grIvA kara ca2Ne vinyasta, kaMcana bhUSaNa atihi prazasta. nava kapUra sahita taMbola, aruNita mukha saurabha raMgola; bhAlatilaka mAnuM madana patAka, aMgarAga chala lavarNima pAka. dhUpAyita aMzuka Amoda, medura mAraga vihita vinoda; prathama anaMga adRzya nImaDyo, zrIsuta manu bIjo vidhi ghaDiI. zaMkara bhAla hutAni kAya, smara homai tiNi e bhava thAI; sIsI navi upamA saMbhavai, te deSI lalitA ciMtavai. kavi pAse alaMkAranI samRddhi ghaNI sArI che. upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA, dRSTAntAdi alaMkAro teo pUrI sAhajikatAthI prayoje che. ane e vaDe pAtro, prasaMgo vagerenA Alekhanane rasika banAve che. RSabhadatta ane jinadAsa baMne bhAIo vacce keTaluM badhuM aMtara hatuM te batAvatAM kavi lakhe che : nyAya anyAya caritrae teha, prathama carama yuga mAnuM sadeha; eka janitanaIM aMtara te tuM, amRta halAhalanaIM hud jevuM, bhavadevanI navoDhAnA zaNagAranuM kavie utprekSA alaMkAra vaDe kevuM manohara varNana karyuM che te juo : kezapAza sutra purata bAMghiU, corita dhanayuta jora; nAMTho deSI Ugyo re mukhazazI, aMdhakAra mAnuM cora. tilaka banAvyuM re kesaranuM bhaluM, sohai lAla vizAla; aMkura Ugyo re mAnuM madana taNo, jeha dagadha harabhAta. amala kolai 2e patra latA karI, kastUrInI vicitra; mAnuM eha prazasti madanataNI, jJa kAri caritra. jaMbUkumArane lagna mATe sajja karavAmAM Ave che te samaye pIThI coLyA pachI emaNe snAna karyuM tyAre emanA vALamAMthI pANI TapakI rahyuM hatuM te jANe bhaviSyamAM potAno loca najIka Avelo joIne vALa raDI na rahyA hoya evuM lAgatuM hatuM, evI utprekSA karIne kavie bhaviSyamAM jaMbUkumA2 je dIkSA levAnA che tenuM sUcana alaMkAra dvArA karI dIdhuM che H yazovijyajI ane emano jaMbusvAmI rAsa * 149

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nIcoInuM pANI re, nhAyA jaMbU zira jANI re; loca TUkaDo mAnuM e keza AMsU jharaI re. strIo vilAsanuM kAraNa hovA chatAM potAnI ATha patnIo AgaLa jaMbUkumA2 nirvikAra rahI zakyA e emanI lokottaratA batAvavA mATe kavi lakhe che : aho rahaI jaMbU tihAM, nirvikAra priyA pAsa; goro koro kuNa rahaI, misa Uo kara vAsa. kavie alaMkA2zAstra ane vyAkaraNamAMthI paNa keTalAka alaMkAro prayojyA che. AtmAne sAMsArika baMdhanomAMthI choDAve te ja sAco baMdhu, bIjA baMdhuo baMdhanakartA che. e mATe kavi pRSodara samAsano dAkhalo Ape che : baMdhu choDavaI je baMdhu te, gaNa pRSodaranuM e rUpa kaMI; baMdhu sujasa guru te bhalo, bIjA baMdha svarUpa. kavitA kevI hovI joIe te mATe kavie upamA ApI che : pragaTa na gujarI kuca pari, channa na aMdhi saMkAsa; subhaga artha huI marahaThI, kuca para channa prakAsa. kavinI vANI sAmAnya mANasonI vANIthI kevI judI paDI jAya che te batAvatAM teo kahe che ke kavi ane sAmAnya mANasanI bhASA eka ja che, paraMtu kavinI pAse zabdo goThavavAnI je kalA che te sAmAnya mANasa pAse nathI. ahIM bhIlaDI ane nagaramAM vasanArI strInuM dRSTAnta ApavAmAM AvyuM che. vanamAM vasanArI bhIlaDI AkhI AMkha ughADIne sIdhI joze, jyAre nagaranI strI nayanakaTAkSathI joze. bhIlaDI bhAva vagara joze, jyAre nagaranI strI AMkha dvArA ja potAno bhAva vyakta karaze. akSara tehaja, tehaja pada, kavi racanA kaI anya; daga tribhAga nAgari juI, pAmI loaNu punna. kavitA vize bIje eka sthaLe kavi lakhe che : mugadhA prauDhA pari huI, athavA savi vilAsa, hRdayaMgama pati sama milai, jo kavi ucita asAsa, tarkaviSama paNi sukavinuM vayaNa, sAhityad sukumAra; ari gaja gaMjana paNi yita, nArI mRdu upacAra. nAnA duhAmAM rahelA gahana artha vize kavi lakhe che : choTI tukamad aratha bahu, duSTa kavitako rAya; vistara pada bali balanakuM, mAnuM vAmana kAya. choTI tukamaiM aratha bahu, duhA karai kavi rAya; paMcAlI ke cIra jiuM, bhAva vaDhata Dhi jAi. lalitAdevInuM varNana karatAM kavie lakhyuM che 150 sAhityadarzana

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sahasa netranuM paNi mana haraI, netra tribhAga prasAda ju karaI; kalA cosaTha tasa aMgi vasai. Ara caMda sevaI te misai jabUsvAmInI kathA eTale vairAgyanA ane saMyama-upazamanA bodhanI kathA; eTale A rAsamAM evo bodha Ave e atyaMta svAbhAvika che. kavie evI paMktio keTaleka sthaLe, khAsa karIne duhAmAM prayojI che, ane temAM paNa avanavA alaMkAro vaDe tene rocaka ane manorama banAvavAno prayatna karyo che. kavie AvI prayojelI paMktiomAMthI namUnA lekhe thoDI joIe : vAmA vayaNa vilAsathI, cUkA catura aneka; tasa cita Agama vAsiuM, tehanI na TalI Teka. mRgatRSNA jala sama vaDi, vanitA vayaNa vilAsa; pahalAM lAlaci lAI kaIM, pachaI karaI nirAsa. vAmA vayaNe vedhiyA, vIsAI je saththa; te mRga pari pAsaI paDyA, pAma bahula aNaththa. vahaI pUranaI pAchali, dIsaI teha aneka; sAhamAM pUraI viSayanaI, utaraI te suviveka. (trIjo adhikAra) *. bahu aMtara viSa viSayamai, ika khAyo duHkhakAra, Ika dhyAyo hI dukha diI, paMDita karo vicAra; bihu aMtara viSa viSayamaI, varaNa adhika adhikAta, eka maraNa dii viSa viSaya, viSaya maraNa bahu jAta. (trIjo adhikAra) haMsa na khelAI khAla jali, gaMgA jhIlaNa-hAra; jeNe cAkhyuM pIyUSa te, icchaI jala kima pAra pUgaI phla sahakAranI, abiliI kima hesi; hubari vali varadUranI, ThAThuM bhariuM si koDIi kima koDinI, maNinI pAhaNaI kema; icchA pUgaI bhavasukhada, zivanI muja navi tema. sojAnuM jima jaDapaNa, vadhyanuM maMDana jema; bhava unamAda viSaya viSama, bhAsaI muja mana tema. mIThuM lAgaI tela tasa, dhRta navi dIThuM jeNa; bhavasukha tima rAcaI na ko, zivasukha saMbharaNeNa. yazovijayajI ane emano jabUsvAmI rAsa 151

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dukhathI viracaI janasakala, sukhathI viracaI buddha; sukhadukha sarakhAM lekhavaI, bhavanAM te mani zuddha (caturtha adhikAra) cothA adhikArane aMte jaMbUkumAra dharmanI mahattA batAvatAM je kahe che te kaDIo paNa suMdara ane sacoTa che. temAM chellI kaDImAM te kahe che : paDato rAkhaI tAta pari, akhaI mitra pari magna; poSaI nija mAtA pari, dharma te acala abhaSNa. pAMcamA adhikAramAM vrata levA mATe potAnAM mAtApitAne pUchavA janAra prabhavane jaMbukumAra je upadeza Ape che temAM eka prakAranuM gaurava ane gAMbhIrya raheluM che. kavinI A dIrgha layanI paMktionI AkhI DhAlamAM ApaNane zAMta rasanI saritAnAM darzana thAya che. emAMnI thoDIka kaDIo juo : jabU bhASaI suNayo sAcA mitta. cAritra te jagatArU chai jo; dharmai DhIla na kIjaI sAcA mitra, vilaMba te na vAru kaI jo. kIdhuM gAMThi bAMdhyuM sAcA mitra udhArono sAMso chaI jo; kAlitaNo dina bharavo sAcA mitra, aNadAtAno phAMso chaI jo. caDhatAM bhAvamAM AvaI sAcA mitra, zraddhA te vaSANI kaI jA, dhamyuM sonuM vAI jAI sAcA mitra, dharmaI zraddhA bhAI kaI jo. baMdIkhANaI paDile sAcA mitra, lagana na josa na jovaI chai jo; saMdhi je velA pAmai sAcA mitra, nIsaravuM tava hovai chaI jo. nehaI tila pIlAI sAcA mitra, vela navi pIlAI chaI jo; sasanehuM dadhi mathiI sAcA mitra, yaMtraI Ikabu galAI chaI jo. neha na kIjaI koIsuM sAcA mitra, kIjaI to Ika sAhasuM jo; sAyara tarii nAvaI sAcA mitra, kima tarii nija bAhunuM jo. samayasuMdaranI jema kavi zrI yazovijayajI paNa saMgItanA sArA jANakAra hovA joIe. ema emaNe A rAsamAM temaja anya stavana, sajhAya vagere kRtiomAM bhinnabhinna rAgarAgiNIo ane lokapracalita dezIomAM prayojelI DhALa ke laghukRtio parathI joI zakAya che. kavi pAse dezIonuM vaividhya ghaNuM sAruM che. A jabUsvAmI rAsamAM emaNe eka paNa dezIno bIjI vAra upayoga karyo nathI. rAsamAM badhI maLI 36-37 DhALa che ane te dareka mATe temaNe navI judI dezI prayojI che. emAMnI jhAMjhariyAnI, vIMchiyAnIbaTAunI, taka bAvanInI, jayamAlanI vagere dezIo e samaye e nAmathI lokapracilata banI gaI hatI. bIjI dezIomAMthI ghaNIkharI - sImaMdhara jina, bAhu jiNesara, RSabhadeva, caMdanabAlA, jinavara pUjo re, zreNika rahavADI caDyo, nAbhirAyAM ke bAra, satIya subhadrA, surati maMDana pAsa jikhiMdA vagere - te samaye 15ra ke sAhityadarzana

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jenomAM khAsa pracalita hoya evI levAmAM AvI che. rAmapurA bAjAramAM', 'aho matavAle sAjanAM", "vaharI sAco re akabara rAyajI', "vahuara vInavaI ho, alagI rahIa udAsa', "caMdana... huM bhari pAuM re piu raMgapyAlA', "beDalaI bhAra ghaNo chaI rAji, vAtAM kema karo cho' ityAdi janasAmAnyamAM pracalita hoya evI keTalIka dezIo paNa A rAsamAM jovA maLe che. ekaMdare avanavI ane sumadhura dezIomAM rAsanI DhALonI racanA karI, kavie A rAsamAM saMgItanuM ghaNuM sAruM vaividhya ApyuM che. - zrI yazovijyajInA potAnA hastAkSaramAM ja lakhAyelI jaMbUsvAmI rAsanI prati ApaNane maLe che e parathI kavinA samayamAM kevI bhASA bolAtI haze eno sauthI vadhu pramANabhUta khyAla ApaNane maLe che. kavie A rAsanI racanA saM. 1739mAM karI che, eTale teo premAnaMdanA samakAlIna che ema kahI zakAya che. premAnaMdanA samayathI arvAcIna gujarAtI bhASA zarU thaI ema sAmAnya rIte manAya che; tema chatAM, A rAsa jotAM ApaNane jaNAze ke temAM jUnI gujarAtInAM ghaNAM rUpo haju jaLavAI rahyAM che, je premAnaMdanI kRtiomAM, tenI hastaprato ethI vadhu uttarakAlIna hoIne, jovAM maLatAM nathI. eTale premAnaMdanAM AkhyAnomAM je bhASA ApaNane jovA maLe che tenA karatAM saheja jUnA svarUpanI, A rAsamAM che tevI, bhASA premAnaMda ane enA samayanI prajA bolatI haze ema ApaNe kahI zakIe. zrI yazovijayajI mahArAja vidyAbhyAsArthe kAzImAM ane tyAra pachI AgrAmAM rahyA hatA eTale ane jaina sAdhuo gujarAta uparAMta rAjasthAnamAM paNa ghaNuMkharuM vihAra karatA hoIne A rAsamAM hiMdI ane mAravADI bhASAnI chAMTa paNa koI koI sthaLe AvI che. emanI A rAsakRti tatkAlIna bhASAnA pramANabhUta svarUpane oLakhavA mATe ghaNI ja upayogI thaI paDe tema che. lAghava e zrI yazovijayajInI bhASAnuM eka mahattvanuM lakSaNa che. teo potAnuM vaktavya atyaMta mita bhASAmAM kuzaLa ane sacoTa rIte rajU kare che. emanI bhASAmAM gaurava, mArmikatA, prasAda ane mAdhurya joI zakAya che. kyAreka emanI bhASA saMskRtapracura bane che. emanI vANIno pravAha anAyAsa, saraLa khaLakhaLa karato vahyA kare che. anuprAsayukta emanI paMktio rAga ke dezanA yogya mApamAM eTalI ja sAhajikatAthI eka pachI eka AvyA kare che. zabdo paranuM emanuM prabhutva paNa kvacitu to ApaNane Azcaryamugdha karI de eTaluM sAruM che. emanI sarjakapratibhAnI sAthe emanI vidvata pratibhAnAM darzana paNa A rAsamAM ApaNane ghaNI sArI rIte thAya che. Ama, ekaMdare jotAM upAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajIe jIvananI uttarAvasthAmAM A eka suMdara rAsakRti ApIne ApaNA madhyakAlIna rAsakaviomAM mahattvanuM sthAna prApta karI lIdhuM che. yazovijayajI ane emano bUsvAmI rAsa - 153

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tribhuvanadIpakaprabaMdha vikramanA paMdaramA-zatakanA kavi zrI jayazekharasUrinI pratibhA kharekhara eka mahAkavinI che. madhyakALanA gaNanApAtra uttama kaviomAM temanuM sthAna mahattvanuM che. emaNe gujarAtI bhASA karatAM saMskRta ane prAkRta bhASAmAM potAnuM lekhana vizeSa kareluM che, ane temAM ja mahAkavinI temanI pratibhAnAM ApaNane darzana thAya che. emaNe bAra hajAra zlokathI adhika pramANavALo upadezaciMtAmaNi' nAmano graMtha saMskRtamAM lakhyo che. A uparAMta emaNe dhamilacaritamahAkAvya' ane jaina kumArasaMbhava' nAmanAM be mahAkAvyo lakhyAM che. e mahAkAvyo ja emanI mahAkavi tarIkenI siddhinAM darzana karAvavAne basa che. A mahAkAvyo uparAMta emaNe prabodhaciMtAmaNi', "zatruMjaya tIrthadvatrizikA', "giranAragiridvatrizikA', "mahAvIrajidvatrizikA', "AtmAvabodhakulaka' ItyAdi graMthonI racanA karI che. gujarAtImAM emaNe potAnA saMskRta rUpakakAvya "prabodhaciMtAmaNi parathI 'tribhuvanadIpakaprabaMdha'nI racanA karI che. jayazekharasUri aMcala gacchanA hatA. temanA guru mahendraprabhasUri hatA. merUtuMgasUri ane munizekharasUri temanA gurubaMdhuo hatA. jayazekharasUri potAnA jaina kumArasaMbhavanA aMtima zlokamAM potAne "vANIdattavara' tarIke oLakhAve che. emanI samartha kavipratibhAnI kIrti emanA jamAnAmAM cAre bAju eTalI badhI prasarelI hatI ke bIjA keTalAye kavio temanI pAse preraNA meLavatA. mANikyasuMdarasUri, dharmazekharasUri, mAnatuMgagaNi ityAdi kavionI pratibhA emanI chAyA nIce ja ghaDAI hatI. 'tribhuvanadIpaka prabaMdha" jayazekharasUrie tatkAlIna gujarAtI bhASAmAM racelI 154 : sAhityadarzana

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eka atyaMta mahattvapUrNa kRti che. narasiMha pUrvenI gujarAtI kAvyakRtiomAM ane vizeSataH rUpakanA prakAranI kRtiomAM tribhuvanadIpakapraMbadha'nuM sthAna ghaNI ucca kakSAnuM che. jayazekharasUrie 'prabodhaciMtAmaNi' nAmanuM rUpaka kAvya saMskRta bhASAmAM lakhyuM ane saMskRta jANanAra lokone e eTaluM badhuM gamI gayuM ke jethI protsAhita thaI saMskRta na jANanAra sAmAnya varga mATe emane gujarAtI bhASAmAM e kAvya utAravAnuM mana thayuM. mULa saMskRta kAvyanI ekeeka khUbI emaNe A gujarAtI kAvyamAM jhINavaTathI utArI che. rUpakagraMthino prakAra ApaNA sAhityamAM anya kAvyaprakAronA mukAbale jeTalo joIe teTalo khIlyo nathI. Ama chatAM je thoDIka saMskRta kRtionuM sarjana thayuM che te noMdhapAtra che. saMskRta sAhityamAM paMDita kRSNamizrakRta nATaka 'prabodhacandrodaya' rUpakagraMthino eka uttama namUno che. A uparAMta moharAja-parAjaya nATaka', 'jJAnacaMdrodaya', mAyAvijaya', 'jJAnasUryodaya', jIvAnaMdana", "prabodhaciMtAmaNi' ityAdi kRtio rUpakagraMthinA prakAranI che. aMgrejI bhASAmAM kavi binayananuM *Pilgrim's Progress' e rUpakagraMthinA prakAranuM eka suprasiddha che. gujarAtI bhASAmAM 'tribhuvanadIpakaprabaMdha' uparAMta premAnaMdakRta kAvya 'vivekavaNajhAro', jIvarAma bhaTTa kRta jIvarAjazeThanI musApharI', kavi dalapatarAmakRta hunnarakhAnanI caDAI' vagere kRtio rUpakagraMthi tarIke suparicita che. A uparAMta jemAM tana, mana, AtmA ityAdine mATe rUpaka yojavAmAM AvyAM hoya evA nAnAM nAnAM rUpakakAvyo to gujarAtImAM saMkhyAbaMdha lakhAyAM che. rUpakagraMthi aMgrejI elegarIne maLato prakAra che. emAM mANasanAM guNa, avaguNa, svabhAva, vicAro, pravRtti ityAdine haratIpharatI jIvaMta vyakti tarIke kalpavAmAM Ave che ane enA svAbhAvika vartana pramANe enI vArtA gUMthavAmAM Ave che. AmAM rUpakakAre mahattvanI vastu khyAlamAM rAkhavAnI hoya che te e che ke dareka pAtranuM vartana enI svAbhAvika khAsiyata pramANe ja batAvavAmAM AvyuM hoya. eTale ke aucityapUrNa Alekhana e ja enI moTAmAM moTI khUbI, moTAmAM moTI siddhi ane moTAmAM moTI kasoTI hoya che. je rUpaka aucityapUrNa Alekhana dharAvatuM nathI hotuM te vAMcavAmAM vAcakane rasa paDato nathI hoto. rUpakagraMthimAM jema vadhAre pAtro ane jema enI kathA vadhAre laMbAtI jAya tema tenA kavinI kasoTI vadhAre. eTale ja dIrgha sAtatyavALI rUpakagraMthionuM sarjana karavuM e eka kaparuM kArya manAya che. sAmAnya vyavahAramAM 'saMsArasAgara', 'mAnava maherAmaNa', 'jIvananAva', 'kAlagaMgA' ityAdi zabdarUpako ApaNe prayojIe chIe. paraMtu eka AkhI rUpakagraMthinI tribhuvanadIpaprabaMdha 155

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vArtAsRSTi kevI hoya che te tribhuvanadIpakaprabaMdha'nI kathA parathI vadhAre spaSTa rIte samajAze. e kathA A pramANe che : - paramahaMsa nAmano eka atyaMta tejasvI rAjA tribhuvanamAM rAjya kare che. enI rANInuM nAma cetanA che. rAjA ane rANI baMne AnaMdapramodamAM potAno samaya pasAra kare che. kavi lakhe che : tejavaMta tristubhuvana-majhari paramahaMsa naravara avadhAri jeha japatAM navi lAgaI pApa, dina dini vAdhaI adhika pratApa buddhimahodadhi bahu balavaMta akala au anAdi anaMta kSaNi amaragaNi kSaNi pAyAli. icchAM vilasaI te TihukAli rANI tAsu catura cetanA ketA guNa bolauM tehanA ? rAu rANI be mananaI meli, phiri phiri karaI kutUhala keli. eka vakhata rAjA paramahaMsanuM mana mAyA nAmanI ramaNInA rUpamAM lapaTAyA che. e vakhate rANI cetanA rAjAne mAyAno saMga na karavA samajAve che ane cetave che ke mAyAnA mohamAM paDavAthI teo potAnuM rAjya gumAvI saMsAramAM paDaze. paraMtu rAjA te mAnato nathI. eTaluM ja nahi mAyAnA mohamAM rAjA potAnI rANI cetanAno paNa tyAga kare che. pariNAme rAjAnuM tribhuvananuM rAjya cAlyuM jAya che. chevaTe rAjA kAyAnagarI vasAvI temAM rahIne saMtoSa mAne che. rAjA pote potAnI A kAyAnagarIno vahIvaTa potAnA mana nAmanA amAtyane soMpe che. duSTa vRttivALo mana rAjAne baMdhanamAM nAkhI, jelamAM pUrI pote rAjA thaI bese che ane AkhA rAjyane dhULadhANI karI nAkhe che. have rAjA paramahaMsane rANI cetanAnI koI zikhAmaNa na mAnavAne lIdhe pazcAttApa thAya che. paraMtu ene have koI choDAvanAra nathI. manane pravRtti ane nivRtti nAmanI be patnI che. pravRttino putra te moha ane nivRttino putra te viveka. pravRtti manane vaza karI le che. ene samajAvI nivRtti tathA enA putra vivekane dezavaTo apAve che ane potAnA putra mohane rAjya apAve che. manano putra moha have avidyAnagarI sthApI tyAM rAja kare che. A avidyA nagarI 156 - sAhityadarzana

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kevI che ? kavi varNave che : avidyA-nagarI, gaDha aAna, tRSNA khAI, moDhuM mAna; kAcAnu kosIsAMuli, ccAriI durgati vahitI poli; viSayavyApa vArU ArAma, maMdira azubhAM mana piraNAma. kAmAsana je kahiyAM purANi, caucI cahuTAM te jANi; bhUri bhavaMtara serI huI, kUDabuddhi te ghara ghara kuI. mamatA pAtaNI rakhavAli, kumata sarovara mithyA pAli; nirvicAru nivasad tihAM loka, thoDaIM ucchava thoDaiM zoka. mohanI rANInuM nAma durmati che. enA putro te kAma, rAga ane dveSa che. enI putrIo te nidrA, adhRti ane mAri (hiMsA) che. mohanaI rANI durmati nAma, beTau balavaMta jeThau kAma, caraiSa be beTA lahUya, nidrA adhRti rie dhUa potAne rahevA mATe anukULa sthaLa na maLatAM mananI patnI nivRtti ane teno putra viveka pravacanapurImAM zama ane dama nAmanA vRkSanI chAyAmAM bese che. tyAM kulapati vimala bodhane vaMdana karI potAnA sukhano prazna kare che. vimalabodha potAnI putrI sumatine viveka sAthe paraNAvavAnI vAta kare che, ane pravacananagarInA rAjA arihaMtarAyane prasanna karIne emanI pAsethI kaMI kAryasiddhi meLavavA sUcave che. nivRtti ane viveka te pramANe kare che. viveka pravacananagarImAM vasI arihaMtarAyanI AjJA mujaba kArya karI temane prasanna kare che. arihaMtarAya vivekane puNyaraMga-pATaNa nAmanI nagarIno rAjA banAve che. vaLI sAthe sAthe ene ema paNa samajAve che ke jo viveka potAnI putrI saMyamazrI sAthe lagna karaze to duzmanadaLano sahelAIthI nAza karI zakaze. paraMtu viveka be strInA pati thavAnI potAnI icchA nathI ema kahe che. haM kima 52Nau saMyamisira ? Ika chaI AgaI aMteuI; nIdra na sUI bhUSa na jiI, kali-bhAgau ghara bAhira bhamaI; NaI nArI doI parigrahI, doI bhava viNaThA tehanA sahI. bi kII jaI kimaI kalatra, manasA hoI sahI vicitra IMka AghI Ika pAchI kaI, tribhuvanadIpaprabaMdha 157

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tiNi pApi nara gUDA bharaI. eka dharaNi tAM gharanI meDhi, bIjI hUI tI vAdhI veDhi; bihUnI mana chAMcaratuM rulaI pacchaI pacchAtA balaI. divase divase vivekanA rAjyano jema jema vistAra ane prabhAva vadhato jAya che tema tema enA samAcArathI moha rAjA kSobha anubhave che. te potAnA daMbha nAmanA eka guptacara mAraphata vivekanI potAnA rAjya upara AkramaNa karavAnI IcchA jANI le che. eTale te potAnA putra kAmane puyaraMga nagarI upara AkramaNa karI viveka sAthe yuddha karavA mokale che. kAma jAya tyAM darekamAM kAmavAsanA jAgRta karato badhAne vaza karavA lAge che. Ave vakhate jo pote saMyamazrI sAthe lagna nahi karI le to kAma potAne paNa vaza karI leze evo bhaya lAgavAthI viveka potAnI nagarI choDI pravacananagarImAM jAya che. je loko puNyaraMganagarImAM rahyA hatA teo badhA kAmavaza banI gayA. e rIte kAme pote vijaya meLavyo, paraMtu viveka para vijaya na meLavAyo. eTalo eno vijaya apUrNa hato. viveka pravacana nagarI jaI saMyamazrI sAthe lagna kare che. e prasaMge tyAM moTo utsava thAya che. kavi varNana kare che : pahiluM thiru vana thira hU e. jaNa dIjaI bIDAM jUjU e, leI lagana vadhAvihuM e, viNa teDA sahUI AvirSa e geliDi goraDI e, pakavAne bhariI oraDIe; ke phiraI e. varavayaNi amIrasa nituM jharaI e. saMvamasiri jJaduhalI e, - priya pekhI guNanidhi gahagahIe; puhatau maMDapa sAsaraI e, vara baIThau pravacanamAharaIe. saMyamazrI sAthe lagna karIne, tapa nAmanAM hathiyAro sAthe moTuM sainya sajja karIne viveka moharAjA upara AkramaNa kare che. baMne vacce yuddha thAya che. temAM mohanuM sainya hArI jAya che ane moha pote yuddhamAM mAryo jAya che. potAnA putra mohanA avasAnathI mana ane enI patnI pravRttine ghaNuM duHkha thAya che. paraMtu potAnA bIjA 158 sAhityadarzana

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putra vivekanA samajAvavAthI mana indriyone jItI, dhyAnarUpI agnimAM prajvalita thAya che. viveke potAnA pitA manane Apelo upadeza A pramANe che : pAI lAgiya pAI lAgiya vali suviveka; sIkhAmaNa di IsI, tumhI tAta! e kisi6 maDiuM? paramezvara aNasara, mohataNa aMdoha chaDivuM, samatA saghalI Adarau, mamatA mukI dUri; dhyAri haNI, pAMcaI jiNI, khelaka samarasa pUri. eka akSara eka akSara achaI 3OM kAra; tiNi akSari thira thaI rahau, pAmau paramAnaMda. mohano aMdoha choDI paramezvarane anusaro, saghaLe samatA Adaro, mamatA dUra karo, cAra kaSAyone haNI, pAMca indriyone jItI samarasanA pUramAM khelo ane eka OMkAra akSaramAM sthira thaI rahI paramAnaMda pAmo). viveka Ama, jyAre mohano parAjaya karI rAjya pAchuM meLave che tyAre cetanA rANI ajJAtavAsamAMthI bahAra AvI vivekanI madada vaDe paramahaMsa rAjAne kAyAnagarInA ane mAyAnA baMdhanamAMthI mukta karAve che. e rIte paramahaMsa rAjA tribhuvananuM rAjya pharIthI karavA lAge che. Ama, A rUpakakAvyamAM jayazekharasUrie rUpaka dvArA AtmA, cetanA, mAyA, pravRtti, nivRtti, moha, viveka, sumati, saMyamazrI, kAma, rAga, dveSa vagerenAM svarUpa ane rahasya suMdara rIte samajAvyAM che. AkhI rUpaka-vArtAmAM sAtatya, susaMgati ane aucitya pUrepUrAM jaLavAyAM che. sArAM ane narasAM ema ubhaya prakAranAM guNatattvone pAtra tarIke kalpI, temanA paraspara saMvAdamaya ke saMgharSamaya vyavahArane AdhAre kathAvastunI gUMthaNI kavie evI rIte karI che ke jethI kathA rasika banI che ane vAcakanuM uttarottara vadhatuM jatuM kautuka sAvaeNta jaLavAI rahe che. vyAvahArika AdhyAtmika ubhaya dRSTie rUpakanI khilavaNIne kavie kSatirahita camatkRti sahita banAvI che. jaina sAdhukavine hAthe A kRtinI racanA thaI hovAthI te vAcakane tattvajJAnanI uccatara bhUmikA para laI jAya che. pracAralakSI nahi paNa prasAralakSI kahevAya evI A kRtimAMthI vAcaka icche to kAvyarasanI sAthe jJAnagarbhita ubodha paNa pAmI zake che, kAraNa ke temAM kavitA ane tattvajJAnano subhaga samanvaya thayo ApaNAM madhyakAlIna rUpakakAvyomAM tribhuvanadIpakaprabaMdha' eka zreSTha kAvya padmabaMdha - 159

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premAnaMdanA naLAkhyAnAnuM kathAvastu madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityamAM navalakathAviSayaka kRtiomAM uccAsana pAmelA ane premAnaMdanI kRtiomAM sarvazreSTha gaNAyelA enA naLAkhyAne' navalakathAnA vikAsamAM ghaNo mahattvano phALo Apyo che. jenetara kaviomAM bhAlaNa ane nAkara pachI nalakathAne gujarAtImAM utAravAno premAnaMdano A prayAsa, enI keTalIka truTio hovA chatAM, sauthI vadhu saphaLa ane sauthI vadhu samartha che. premAnaMda potAnA A AkhyAnamAM mULa mahAbhAratanI paraMparAprApta kathA laI, potAnI kalpanAthI keTalAka navA prasaMgo umerI tathA keTalAka mULa prasaMgonI rajUAta potAnI maulika dRSTi ane pratibhAthI karI navalakathAne vadhumAM vadhu rasika banAvavAno prazasya prayAsa karyo che. premAnaMde A AkhyAnanuM muhUrta suratamAM karyuM hatuM ane enI pUrNAhuti saM. 1742nA poSa sudi bIjane divase guruvAre naMdarabAramAM karI hatI." muhUrta kIdhuM surata madhye, thayuM pUraNa naMdarabArajI; kathA naLadamayaMtIjInI, saMsAra mAMhA sArajI. saMvata 1742 varSe, poSa sudI bIja guruvArajI, dvitIyA caMdradarzananI veLA, thaI pUraNa kathA vistArajI. naMdarabAranA te samayanA rAjAnI rANInuM avasAna thavAthI rAjAne duHkhamAM AzvAsana ApavAnA AzayathI premAnaMde A AkhyAna lakhyuM hatuM ema kahevAya * premAnaMdanA naLAkhyAnanI hastapratomAM traNa judI judI racanAtAla jovA maLe che. saM. 1733, saM. 1742 ane saM. 176 2. saMvata 1733 vALI hastapratamAM vAra nathI apAyo. tithi traNemAM judI judI che ane vAra paNa baMnemAM judAjudA che. 160 + sAhityadarzana

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che. vaLI, ema paNa kahevAya che ke eNe eka vAra AkhyAna lakhyA pachI pAchaLanAM keTalAMka kaDavAM pharIthI lakhI AkhyAnane vadhAre rasika banAvavAno prayatna karyo hato. premAnaMdanA "naLAkhyAna'nuM kathAvastu ApaNe ahIM emAM eNe mahAbhAratanI kathAmAM karelA pheraphAronI daSTie kramavAra tapAsIe. naLAkhyAna'nA pahelA kaDavAmAM yudhiSThiranA duHkhanuM varNana premAnaMde karyuM che. yudhiSThirane AzvAsana ApavA mATe bRhada% muni naLadamayaMtInuM udAharaNa Ape che. bhAlaNe mahAbhAratane barAbara vaphAdAra rahI eno Akho adhyAya saMkSepamAM Apyo che, jemAM bhImanI kopavANI paNa AvI jAya che. nAkarane anusarI premAnaMde paNa bhImanI kopavANI ApI nathI. joke kathAnA upakrama mATe e jarUrI paNa nathI. mahAbhArata pramANe rAjya hArI pAMDavo kAmyaka vanamAM gayA. premAnaMde kAmyaka vanane badale dvaitavana lakhyuM che. mahAbhAratamAM yudhiSThira bRhada munine sIdhesIdhI potAnA duHkhanI vAta kare che. premAnaMde, nAkarane anusarI, muninAM caraNa taLAsatI vakhate yudhiSThiranI AMkhamAMthI AMsu TapakI muninAM caraNa para paDe che ane muni beThA thaI yudhiSThirane tenuM kAraNa pUche che e pramANe Alekhana karyuM che. bRhada.zva munie yudhiSThiranA praznano mahAbhAratamAM je rIte javAba Apelo che, tenA karatAM thoDI judI rIte 'naLAkhyAnamAM te javAba Apyo che. mahAbhAratamAM yudhiSThira potAnA bIjA traNe bhAIonI vAta karatA nathI. premAnaMde, nAkarane anusarI, tenuM Alekhana karyuM che, paNa nAkara karatAM tene vadhAre hAsyarasika banAvyuM che. dAtaNa mATe jhADa kApI lAvanAra bhIma, varaNAgI karanAra nakula, ane joSa joIjoIne gharamAMthI nIkaLanAra sahadevanuM, premAnaMde doreluM citra, yudhiSThiranI duHkhanI vAtamAM paNa ApaNane hasAvI jAya che. bIjA kaDavAmAM premAnaMde naLanA bhautika ane puSkaranA "mAnasI" rAjyanuM varNana karyuM che. naLa ane puSkara pitarAI bhAI hatA evuM premAnaMde kareluM nirUpaNa mahAbhAratamAM nathI. tyAM to baMne vIrasena rAjAnA ja putro che. ahIM puSkara naLanA kAkA surasenano putra che. mahAbhAratamAM naLanA kAkAno ullekha nathI. eka mANikayadevasUrikRta "nalAyana' sivAya, naLanA kAkAno bIje kyAMya ullekha jovAmAM nathI Avyo. "nalAyana'mAM paNa kAkAnuM nAma vajasena che, ane tyAM naLa ane puSkarane vIrasenanA putro tarIke batAvyA che. premAnaMde puSkarane julapati-senApati tarIke oLakhAvyo che, ane pachI naLa pratye adekhAI thatAM, vairAga ANI, mAnasI rAjya mAMDato batAvyo che. mahAbhAratamAM AvuM kazuM AvatuM nathI. puSkaranA mAnasI rAjyanuM premAnaMde sacoTa varNana karyuM che. (juo kaDavuM 2, kaDI 12-15.) premAnaMdanA naLAkhyAna'nuM kathAvastu 16 1

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trIjA kaDavAthI chaThThA kaDavA sudhI premAnaMde, nAradamunie naLa AgaLa kareluM damayaMtInuM varNana ane ethI naLanA cittamAM vyApelI virahavyathAnuM varNana karyuM che. Avo prasaMga mahAbhAratamAM nathI. temAM nAradamuninuM pAtra Ave che, ane te devonA cittamAM damayaMtI mATe AkarSaNa janmAvavAnuM kAma kare che. premAnaMde nAradamunine e uparAMta, ahIM ATaluM kAma AkhyAnanA AraMbhamAM soMpyuM che. nAradamuni naLa : enI paTarANI viSe pUche che ane e rIte damayaMtInI pote vAta kare che enuM 1: naMde svAbhAvika, rasika ane tarkayukta nirUpaNa karyuM che. A prasaMge premAnaMde naLanA praznanA uttaramAM nAradamuni pAse damana munie ApelA varadAnano prasaMga rajU karAvyo che, je mahAbhAratamAM to bRhada% muni pote kahe che. mahAbhAratamAM damayaMtInA bhAIonAM nAma dama, damana ane dAtta che. premAnaMda te damana, detu ane durdamana e pramANe ApyAM che. nAradamunie damayaMtInA karelA varNanamAM premAnaMdanI rasikatA ane enI ucca kavitvazaktinAM ApaNane darzana thAya che. damayaMtInA rUpavarNanane vadhAre sacoTa batAvavA, naLa ane nArada muninAM pAtrone vadhAre jIvaMta banAvavA, ane prasaMgone nATyAtmaka ane svAbhAvika AlekhavA premAnaMde A prasaMge, vacce vacce naLanI pAse prazra karavI nAradamuni pAse eno javAba apAvyo che. atizayokti, vyatireka, ujhekSAdi alaMkArayukta damayaMtInA rUpavarNanamAM, keTaleka sthaLe premAnaMde bhAlaNa dvArA sIdhI ke bhAlaNa dvArA nAkara pAsethI, zrI harSanA saMskRta naiSadhIyacaritanI keTalIka asara jhIlI che, ane keTaleka sthaLe premAnaMde emAM potAnI maulika kalpanA paNa umerI che. nAradamunie kareluM damayaMtInA rUpanuM AvuM manohara varNana naLanA hRdayamAM kAma javara pragaTAve che; ane e zamAvavA mATe naLa vanamAM jAya che. premAnaMde vananuM varNana paraMparA pramANe vRkSonI yAdI ApIne karyuM che. vanamAM naLanI kAmaceSTAnuM varNana premAnaMdanuM maulika che, paNa temAM UMcI aucityadaSTi nathI. haMsane naLa kevI rIte pakaDe che tevuM citra mahAbhAratamAM nathI. naiSadhIyacacaritakAre te sarasa doryuM che. bhAlaNe paNa naiSadhIyacaritane anusarI, evuM citra ApyuM che. premAnaMde temAM vadhAre raMgo pUrI, tene tAdaza ane sacoTa banAvyuM tehane dekhI naLa mana harakhyo, moNe moNe paravariyo; nIlAMbara oDhIne aMga saMkoDyuM, zvAsa rodhana kariyo. (6-19) drama thaDa pUche naLa bhaDa Avyo, besIne Agho cAlyo; lAMbo kara karI laghulAghavImAM, paMkhIno paga jhAlyo. 2) 162 ka sAhityadarzana

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naLa herAne pakaDe che, ane haMsa naLa taraphathI damayaMtI pAse jaI naLanuM dUtakArya kare che, ane pAcho Ave che - e ghaTanAnuM nirUpaNa, premAnaMde vistArathI sAtamA kaDavAthI te paMdaramA kaDavA sudhImAM karyuM che. je prasaMga mahAbhAratakAre mAtra caudeka zlokamAM rajU karyo che ane jenuM nirUpaNa bhAlaNe beeka kaDavAmAM karyuM che te prasaMgane, niSadhIya carita' kAranI jema premAnaMda vikasAvI, rasika banAvI, nava jeTalAM kaDavAMmAM Alekhe che. naLa haMsane pakaDe che e prasaMge hiMsanA vilApa' mATe, kavie eka AkhuM kaDavuM yoryuM che. e samaye haMsaNIe naLane batAharI nAra ema karajo vilApa !" evA ApelA zApanI kalpanA premAnaMdanI maulika che; ane temAM bhaviSyamAM bananAra ghaTanAnuM agAuthI sUcana karI devAnI vRtti pragaTa thAya che. potAne choDavA mATe hiMsa AjIjI kare che ane potAnI mAtA roI roI maraze' ema jaNAvI te AgaLa kahe che : vahAlI strIe putra prasavyo che, meM temanuM mukha nathI joyuM; are naLarAjA, te huM rAMkanuM sutanuM sukha kAM khoyuM? (8-10) haMse ahIM rajU karelAM kAraNo mahAbhAratamAM nathI tema premAnaMdanI maulika kalpanAmAM paNa e nathI. naiSadhIyacaritamAM e che. e parathI bhAlaNe te ApyAM che. paNa strIe putra prasavyAnI vAta bhAlaNe mUkI nathI. premAnaMde sIdhI naiSadhIyacarita mAMthI e lIdhI haze ? hoI zake. paNa bIjI eka zakyatA paNa che. nayasuMdare potAnA "naLadamayaMtIrAsamAM e vAta naiSadhIyacarita'mAMthI lIdhI che. premAnaMde potAnA purogAmI A jaina kavimAMthI e kalpanA lIdhI hoya ema paNa banI zake. naLa haMsa sAthe ghoDA para besI potAne ghera Ave che, ane naLane levA AveluM sainya te haMsane joI vismaya pAme che. pradhAnane paNa haMsa vize jANavAnuM kutUhala thAya che. e prasaMganuM, ane tyAra pachI haMsa ane naLanI gADha maitrInuM sacoTa ane utkaTa Alekhana premAnaMdanI maulika kalpanAnuM sarjana che. A rIte eNe haMsanuM mahattva vadhArI dIdhuM che. haMsamAM mAnavabhAvanuM AropaNa eNe keTaluM sarasa ane chatAM keTalI svAbhAvikatAthI karyuM che te ApaNe ahIM joI zakIe chIe. ekaTha besI banyo jame; dhRtakrIDA banyo jana rame; anyonya le kADhI taMboLa, mukhe vANInA kare kallola. (9-4) haMsa naLane enI rANI vize pUche che e prasaMge "bhAbhI' zabda mUkI, premAnaMda paMkhI haMsa ane mAnava naLa vaccenI kauTuMbika nikaTatA ane AtmIyatAnuM hRdayaMgama citra khaDuM karyuM che. vaLI, naLanA mRdu upAlaMbhamAM ane haMsanA javAbamAM ahIM taLa premAnaMdanA naLAkhyAnanuM kathAvastu ha 163

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gujarAtanuM vAtAvaraNa paNa khaDuM thAya che. premAnaMdanI svataMtra sarjanazaktinuM, ane AlekhanamAM gujarAtIpaNAnA aMzo ANavAnI enI zaktinuM, ahIM ApaNane acchuM darzana thAya che.. naLanuM dUtakArya karavA mATe haMsa, damayaMtI pAse jAya che ane damayaMtI ene pakaDavA mATe jhAMjhara kADhI doDe che enuM premAnaMde tAdaza, najara samakSa ramyA kare evuM citra doryuM che. mahAbhAratanI kathA pramANe, ghaNA haMso damayaMtInA AvAsa pAse Ave che ane damayaMtI tathA enI sakhIo eka haMsanI pAchaLa doDe che ane temAM damayaMtI jenI pAchaLa doDe che te haMsa naLanuM dUtakArya kare che. premAnaMde haMsane naLanA mahelamAM raheto ane tenI sAthe adUbhuta maitrI dharAvato batAvyo che; ane naLa haMsane pakaDe che tyAra pachI keTaleka samaye haMsane damayaMtI pAse jato batAvyo che. eTale enI dRSTie eka ja haMsa damayaMtI pAse jAya emAM ja aucitya raheluM che. premAnaMdamAM ane mahAbhAratanA AlekhanamAM ahIM ATalo taphAvata che. naiSadhIyacaritamAM mAtra eka ja haMsa damayaMtI pAse jAya che; paraMtu bhAlaNe mahAbhArata pramANe Alekhana karyuM che. eTale eka haMsanI kalpanA e premAnaMdanI jo maulika na hoya to naiSadhIyacaritanI e asara haze ema kahI zakAya. paNa to premAnaMde sIdhI e naiSadhIyacaritamAMthI lIdhI haze ? paNa naiSadhIyacaritamAM haMsa ane naLanI daDha maitrInI vAta AvatI nathI. mANikyadevasUrikA "nalAyanamAM ane ene anusarI nayasuMdaranA 'naLadamayaMtI rAsamAM damayaMtI pAse eka ja haMsa jato batAvAyo che. vaLI nayasuMdaranA rAsamAM, haMsa ane naLanI dRDha maitrInuM nirUpaNa paNa che. alabatta, premAnaMda jevuM nahi. eTale premAnaMdanA A nirUpaNamAM enA purogAmI jaina kavi nayasuMdaranI thoDI asara paDI hoya to navAI nahi. damayaMtI haMsane pakaDavA mATe koI yukti karatI hoya evo ullekha mahAbhAratamAM nathI. tyAM to haMsane damayaMtIe hAthamAM pakaDyAno paNa ullekha nathI. naiSadhIyacaritamAM paNa te nathI. bhAlaNe damayaMtI potAnI oDhaNI nAkhI haMsane pakaDavAno prayatna kare che ema lakhyuM che. premAnaMde damayaMtI pAse haMsane pakaDavA mATe ghaNo zrama levaDAvyo che. e mATe damayaMtIe karelI yukti premAnaMdanI svataMtra rasika kalpanAnuM sarjana che. juo : potAnAM vastra dAsIne paherAvI, peThI cahebacAmAM AvI; 11-3/2 mastaka mUkyuM palAzanuM pAna, vikAsI hatheLI kamaLa samAna; madhye mUkyuM jAMbunuM phaLa, jANe bhamara le che prImaLa, 11-4 164 9 sAhityadarzana

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pote nAsikAe gaNagaNatI, bhAmA bhamarAnI peThe bhaNatI. haMse harivadanI jANI, nahi paMkaja, premadAno pANi. 11-5 besuM jaIne thaI ajJAna, paraNAvavo che naLarAjAna 11-6/1 haMsa damayaMtI AgaLa naLanuM je varNana kare che temAM AgaLa thayelA damayaMtInA varNananuM keTaluMka maLatApaNuM Ave che. bAkInuM varNana kavinuM maulika che. naLanuM rUpa joI devo potAnI strIonI rakSA karavA mAMDe che ane nAradaRSi AgaLathI cetI brahmacArI rahe che enuM varNana premAnaMde rasikatAthI karyuM che. haMsa naLanuM varNana karI, damayaMtIno ene mATe anurAga meLavI, damayaMtIne zikhAmaNa Ape che ke svayaMvaramAM naLanuM rUpa dhAraNa karI, moTA moTA devatAo Avaze. bhaviSyamAM bananArI ghaTanAnuM premAnaMde pharI ahIM haMsa dvArA sUcana karyuM che. damayaMtI pAse jaI AvI haMsa naLa AgaLa prathama kuMDinapuranuM parisaMkhyA alaMkAra' vaDe varNana kare che, pachI tyAMnA vananuM jUnI paraMparA pramANe gADha vananuM vAtAvaraNa sUcavavA vRkSonI yAdI ApIne) varNana kare che; pachI, paMdaramAM kaDavAmAM upamA, rUpaka, uakSAdi alaMkAro vaDe damayaMtInAM aMgAMgonuM kavitmamaya varNana kare che. damayaMtInuM be vAra varNana karavA chatAM, na dharAyelA kavi premAnaMde pratyakSa joI tarata pAchA pharelA haMsa pAse AgaLanAM be varNano karatAM paNa adhika caDiyAtuM ane vigate trIjI vAra varNana karAvyuM che. temAM premAnaMdanAM UMcAM kalpanoDDayanonI ane enA kavitvavilAsanI ApaNane sabaLa pratIti thAya che. AmAM eNe prayojelA keTalAka alaMkAro, saMskRta mahAkavionI haroLamAM ene besADe tevA che. enI AraMbhanI "be iMdu'nI kalpanA juo : vela jANe temanI avevale phUlI; cakita citta thayuM mAharuM, ne gayo dUtatva bhUlI. 15-2 sAmasAmI hatI zobhA, vyoma bhome soma; iMdumAM biMdu birAje. jANe uDugaNa bhoma! 15-3 Ubhe amInidhinAM kiraNa maLiyAM, kaLA thaI prakAza; jyote jyAM te staMbha pragaTyo, zuM ethI rahyuM AkAza ! 15-4 16mA kaDavAmAM, damayaMtInI virahavyathA ane svayaMvaranI taiyArInuM kavie varNana karyuM che. virahavyathA anubhavatI damayaMtI caMdrane mATe je veNa kahe che tenI kalpanA premAnaMde bhAlaNa mAraphata naiSadhIyacaritamAMthI lIdhI hoya ema lAge che. damayaMtInI virahavyathA joIne enI mAtA je bhAva vyakta kare che, ane damayaMtIne jo koInI najara lAgI hoya to te utAravAno vicAra kare che, temAM samakAlIna gujarAtaNa mAtAnA vAtsalyanuM pratibiMba paDyuM che. e prasaMge "gharaDAM mANasa Dhora', premAnaMdanA naLAkhyAnanuM kathAvastu 165

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paraNyAM kuMvArAM kAMI na prIche vagere je vacano damayaMtI potAnI mAtAne kahe che temAM premAnaMde aucitya jALavyuM nathI. damayaMtInI sthiti vize jANI, bhImakarAjA svayaMvaranI taiyArI kare che. svayaMvara mATe naLane nimaMtraNa ApavA mATe bhImakarAjAe sudevane mokalyo evuM premAnaMde lakhyuM che. mahAbhAratamAM sudevano ullekha nathI. damayaMtIe sudeva mAraphata potAno chAno patra naLane mokalAvyo che. pAMceka paMktimAM lakhAyelA A patramAM keTaluM lAghava, keTaluM gaurava, keTaluM aucitya ane keTalI sacoTatA premAnaMde ANyAM che ! (kaDavuM 17 kaDI 2, 3). - svayaMvara mATe naLa nIkaLe che te samaye savatsI gAya ane kuraMga-kuraMgInA zukana ene thAya che evuM premAnaMde kareluM nirUpaNa anyatra kyAMya jovA maLatuM nathI. AmAM paNa premAnaMdanA samakAlIna gujarAtanuM pratibiMba paDyuM che ema gaNI zakAya. svayaMvara mATe naLa vidarbha jAya che tyAre haMsa naLane dyUta na ramavA mATe, ane strIno vizvAsa na rAkhavA mATe je salAha Ape che temAM bhaviSyamAM bananAra ghaTanAnuM premAnaMde haMsa dvArA agAuthI sUcana mUkyuM che. AmAM strIno vizvAsa na karavA mATe apAyelI salAha nirarthaka ane niSkAraNa lAge che. A kaDavAmAM A prasaMge haMsa potAnA ane naLanA pUrva bhavanI vAta kare che. A ghaTanA 'naLAkhyAna'nI keTalIka hastapratomAM che ane keTalIkamAM nathI. Ameya, A prasaMga jo premAnaMde lakhelo hoya to paNa pAchaLathI umerelo hoya ema lAge che, kA2Na ke ATalA vakhatathI naLa pAse rahenAra haMsa naLa jyAre svayaMva2mAM javA nIkaLe che tyAre rastAmAM chUTA paDatI vakhate pUrvabhavanI kathA kahevA bese e barAbara baMdhabesatuM lAgatuM nathI. tema chatAM, premAnaMde A prasaMgane A sthaLe bane teTalo tarkayukta, susaMgata karavAno prayatna karyo che. haMsa ane naLanA pUrvabhavanI vAta mahAbhAratamAM, naiSadhIyacarita'mAM ke bhAlaNa, nAkaranAM naLAkhyAnomAM nathI. jaina paraMparAnI nalakathAmAM naLanA pUrvabhavanI vAta Ave che ane 'nalAyana'mAM tathA nayasuMdarakRta 'naLadamayaMtI rAsa'mAM haMsanI pUrvakathA paNa Ave che. alabatta, premAnaMde nirUpelI pUrvaghaTanA ane jaina kRtinI pUrvaghaTanA bhinna bhinna che. ane naLanA pUrvajanmanI kathA paNa bhinna bhinna che, tema chatAM naLanA pUrvajanmanI kathAno ane haMsanA saprayojana dUtakAryano vicAra premAnaMde potAnA A purogAmI jaina kavimAMthI lIdho hoya ane pachI, tene anurUpa prasaMga potAnI kalpanAthI ghaDI kADhyo hoya ema banavA saMbhava che. naLa vidarbha dezamAM pahoMce che. bIjA paNa ghaNA rAjAo tyAM AvI pahoMcyA 166 : sAhityadarzana

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che. sattaramA kaDavAmAM, kavi haMsanA pUrvavRttAnta pachI, bhImakarAjAnA naga2nuM, cIjavastuonA vadhelA bhAvonuM, svayaMvaramaMDapanuM sacoTa ane lAkSaNika citra Ape che, ane e ja kaDavAnA aMtabhAgamAM, devonA prasaMganI zarUAta karI de che ane te 23mA kaDavAmAM naLa devonuM dUtakArya karI pAcho phare che tyAM sudhI cAle che. premAnaMde A prasaMga potAnA purogAmI kavio karatAM ghaNI sArI rIte khIlavyo che ane keTaleka aMze ene bagADyo paNa che. eNe nAradane 'kalahanI TevavALA' batAvyA che. mahAbhAratamAM nArada devone mAtra damayaMtInA svayaMvaranA samAcAra Ape che. bhAlaNane anusarI, premAnaMde devAMganAone utArI pADatA nAradane batAvyA che. devo svayaMvaramAM javA mATe nIkaLe che e prasaMgane vadhAre rasika banAvavA, premAnaMde mahAbhArata karatAM thoDuM bhinna nirUpaNa karyuM che. mahAbhAratamAM devo ekabIjAthI chAnAmAnA jatA nathI, jUjavAM rUpa dhAraNa karatA nathI, ekabIjAthI manamAM corI rAkhI, khoTA kAmanuM bahAnuM batAvatA nathI. premAnaMde te pramANe nirUpaNa karyuM che. naLa pAse devo viprano veza dhAraNa karIne AvyA, naLa pAse potAnA kArya mATe 'hA' paDAvI lIdhI ane pachI pote pragaTa thayA evuM premAnaMde kareluM nirUpaNa, mahAbhAratamAM ke anyatra nathI. devo potAnA dUtakArya mATe naLane jogIno veza levaDAve che, e paNa premAnaMdanI potAnI kalpanA che. naLa jyAre damayaMtInA AvAsamAM jAya che tyAre damayaMtI dAsI pAse hiMDoLA 52 besI, mAthAmAM tela naMkhAvI vALa oLAve che. e citra paNa premAnaMdanuM potAnuM che. e samaye damayaMtI ane dAsI vacce je vAtacIta thAya che, pratibiMbamAM puruSane jotAM teo nAsI jAya che, pharI pAchAM e ja jagyAe besI pharI pratibiMba jue che ane pachI ADo aMtarapaTa dharI' naLane pragaTa thavA mATe te stuti kare che, tathA naLa dAsI sAthe bolavAnI nA pADe che ane damayaMtI enuM kAraNa samajAve che e AkhI kalpanA paNa premAnaMdanI potAnI che. devone varavA mATe damayaMtI AgaLa devo ane mAnavo vacce aMtara batAvI naLa je dalIlo kare che te, premAnaMde vistArathI ApI che. mahAbhAratamAM eTalo vistAra nathI. premAnaMdanA A nirUpaNamAM thoDIka bhAlaNanI, thoDIka nAkaranI ane thoDIka nayasuMdaranA 'naLadamayaMtI rAsa'nI asara paDelI jaNAya che. naLa dUtakArya karavA jAya che tyAre devo enI pAchaLa potAno eka gupta dUta mokale che evuM premAnaMde kareluM nirUpaNa mahAbhAratamAM, 'naiSadhIyacarita'mAM ke bhAlaNamAM nathI. tema e premAnaMdanI maulika kalpanA paNa nathI. 'nalAyana'mAM ane premAnaMdanA 'naLAkhyAna'nuM kathAvastu * 167 -

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ene anusarIne nayasuMdaranA naLadamayaMtI rAsa'mAM gupta dUtanI vAta Ave che. nAkaramAM paNa Ave che. premAnaMde A kalpanA naLadamayaMtI rAsa'mAMthI lIdhI hoya, athavA e nAkaramAMthI lIdhI hoya ema paNa bane. premAnaMde naLanA dUtakAryano prasaMga vistArathI varNavyo che, paraMtu e prasaMge eNe naLa ane damayaMtInAM pAtro mahAbhArata jevAM ucca gauravavALAM doryAM nathI. A pachI premAnaMde svayaMvaranI taiyArI, svayaMvaramaMDapanI racanA ane svayaMva2mAM padhArelA rAjAonA yuvAna ane AkarSaka dekhAvA mATenA vRthA prayatnonuM hAsyarasika Alekhana karyuM che. emAM premAnaMdanA samakAlIna gujarAtanuM pratibiMba paDyuM che. potAnA zrotAonA manoraMjana mATe ja eNe rAjAonI lagnotsukatAnuM AvuM atizayoktibharyuM Alekhana karyuM che. svayaMvaramaMpamAM naLa Ave che enuM varNana karavA mATe, eka AkhuM juduM kaDavuM premAnaMde rokyuM che, ane te pachI svayaMvaramaMDapamAM damayaMtInA Agamana mATe bIjuM eka kaDavuM rokyuM che. kathAnAM nAyaka ane nAyikAnuM, agAu emanuM mukta hAthe alaMkArayukta varNana karIne, premAnaMde, e pAtronuM gaurava vadhAryuM che, ane potAnI kavitvakalAnI UMcI dRSTi ane zaktinI ApaNane pratIti karAvI che. baMne kaDavAM mATe eNe pasaMda karelo 'DhALa' paNa keTalo pAtrocita che ! naLanA AgamananI mahattA darzAvavA mATe o naLa Avyo re, te naLa Avyo re' evI dhruvapaMkti eNe yojI che. damayaMtInuM varNana eNe hiragItanI cAlamAM, paMktine aMte pUraNa' 'cUraNa' 'zobhayaM' 'lobhayaM' evo anunAsika prAsa ane varNavinyAsa, kaDavAnI chellI kaDI sudhI yojI, chaTAdAra gauravayukta ane asarakA2ka karyuM che. 28mA kaDavAmAM kavie svayaMvaramAM AvelA devono prasaMga varNavI, damayaMtInaLane varadAna Ape che e prasaMganuM nirUpaNa karyuM che. A nirUpaNa eNe hAsyarasika karyuM che ane zrotAonA manoraMjanane arthe paurANika pAtronuM gaurava khaMDita karyuM che. premAnaMde A prasaMge devone prAkRta mANaso jevA, balake, ethI paNa kharAba rIte vartatA batAvyA che, ane paraspara zApa ApatA devonI teNe hAMsI uDAvI che. devo naLanuM svarUpa dhAraNa kare che tyAre, temane oLakhavA mATe damayaMtI, te devone emanA pitAnuM nAma pUche che. paNa e cAre lobhI devo potAnA pitA tarIke 'vIrasena'nuM naLanA pitAnuM nAma jaNAve che. barAbara e ja vakhate nAradamuni aMtarikSamAM devonI patnIone laI Ave che, ane e joI devo za2mAI jAya che. damayaMtInI yukti ane devonI A zvetI paNa premAnaMdanI maulika kalpanAnuM sarjana che. pramANabuddhivALA premAnaMde ahIM sarasa rIte aMta ANyo che. 168 * sAhityadarzana did

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tyA2pachI, devo damayaMtIne va2dAno Ape che temAM premAnaMde varadAnonI saMkhyA madhyabhArata pramANe ApI che, paraMtu e ATha varadAnomAMthI aDadhAM paNa eNe mahAbhArata pramANe ApyAM nathI. traNeka varadAna mahAbhAratanAM eNe choDI dIdhAM che, ane eka-be varadAnanI seLabheLa karI nAkhI che. premAnaMdane mukAbale bhAlaNe, barAbara mahAbhArata pramANe ATha varadAno ApyAM che. vaLI, mahAbhArata ke bhAlaNamAM devo damayaMtIne kaMI paNa varadAna ApatA nathI. 'naiSadhIyacarita'mAM damayaMtIne varadAna maLe che. premAnaMde 'amRta srAviyA hAtha'nuM varadAna damayaMtIne apAvyuM che, jenI kalpanA eNe nAkaramAMthI lIdhI hoya ema lAge che. devonA varadAna pachI premAnaMda lakhe che H sarve stuti kIdhI devatA taNI, vimAne besI gayA svargabhaNI; damayaMtI harakhI tatkALa, naLane kaMThe AropI mALa (28-28) premAnaMdanuM A nirUpaNa yogya nathI; kAraNa ke ahIM, devatAo svargamAM gayA pachI damayaMtI naLanA kaMThamAM mALA Arope che. eno artha e thayo che ke damayaMtIe naLane mALA paherAvI ane ene varI te pahelAM ja devoe te baMnene varadAno ApI dIdhAM. mahAbhAratamAM to damayaMtI naLane mALA paherAvI vare che te vakhate, devatAo tyAM hAjara hoya che ane teo te samaye jayaghoSa kare che te samaye naLa damayaMtIne kahe che, 'tuM mane devatAonA sAnnidhyamAM vare che mATe mArA dehamAM jyAM sudhI prANa haze tyAM sudhI huM tArA pratye prItivALo rahIza.' e ja pramANe damayaMtI paNa kahe che. e pachI naLadamayaMtI devatAone zaraNe jAya che, tyAre devatAo temane varadAna Ape che. mahAbhArata karatAM premAnaMdanuM citra vadhAre utAvaLiyuM ane truTiovALuM lAge che. vaLI, mahAbhAratamAM, bhAlaNamAM tathA bIjA kavionI kRtiomAM A prasaMge damayaMtI pAMca naLane joI, vimAsaNa anubhavI devone pragaTa thavA mATe je karuNArka, ArjavabharI prArthanA kare che tenuM nirUpaNa premAnaMde khAsa karyuM nathI. premAnaMde damayaMtInA svayaMvara pachI A ja kaDavAmAM, kalino prasaMga zarU karI dIdho che. premAnaMde AlekhyA pramANe kali ane dvApa2ne mokalanA2 nArada che. mahAbhAratamAM ke bIje kyAMya evo nirdeza nathI. premAnaMde e rIte nArada pAse mahAbhArata karatAM ghaNuM vadhAre kAma karAvyuM che. vaLI, enuM citra paNa lokapriya banAvavAnA AzayathI mahAbhArata karatAM thoDuM bhinna doryuM che. mahAbhAratamAM kali ane dvApara AvatA hoya che tyAre devo temane rastAmAM maLe che, temanI vacce svayaMvara vize vAtacIta thAya che. premAnaMde devo ane kali vaccenA A prasaMgano ullekha karyo nathI. eNe kalinuM bhayaMkara citra mAtra be ja premAnaMdanA 'naLAkhyAnanuM kathAvastu 169

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paMktimAM khaDuM karI dIdhuM che : beTho mahiSa upa2 kaLikALa, kaMThe manuSanAM zIzanI mALa; pharamAM kAtu loha-zaNagAMra, zIza saghaDI dhIke aMgAra. (28-32) kali naLanA nagaramAM ane naLanA dehamAM praveza karavA icche che; paraMtu lokonA dharmapAlanane lIdhe te pravezI zakato nathI, ane tethI nagaramAM Amatema bhamyA kare che. mahAbhArata pramANe, te A rIte bAra varSa sudhI bhame che. bhAlaNe paNa te pramANe lakhyuM che. premAnaMde eka hajAra varSa gaNAvyAM che. sATha hajAra varSa batAvanAra jaina kavio 'nalAyana'kAra ane nayasuMdaranI jema, premAnaMde paNa moTI saMkhyA batAvI che. naLa-damayaMtIne be saMtAna thAya che. premAnaMda lakhe che : jugmabALaka saMgAthe prasanAM, putraputrI rUpe abhinavAM (28-38) ahIM putraputrI sAthe janmyAM evo ullekha mahAbhAratamAM, naiSadhIyacarita'mAM ke bhAlaNamAM nathI. paNa 'nalAyana' kAra ane nayasuMdare te pramANe varNana karyuM che. premAnaMde nayasuMdaramAMthI e vicAra lIdho hoya ema lAge che. naLanA dehamAM kali praveze che enuM nirUpaNa mahAbhArata karatAM thoDuM bhinna premAnaMde karyuM che. mahAbhArata pramANe eka divasa naLe laghuzaMkA karyA pachI paga dhoyA vagara saMdhyAvaMdana karyuM eTale kalie enA zarIramAM praveza karyo. bhAlaNe paNa barAbara mahAbhArata pramANe varNana karyuM che. premAnaMde laghuzaMkAno ullekha karyo che. 'nalAyana'kAre ane nayasuMdare laghuzaMkAno ullekha karyo nathI, ane paga dhotAM AMgaLI vaccenI jagyA korI rahI gaI ane tyAMthI kalie naLanA zarIramAM praveza karyo ema lakhyuM che. premAnaMdanuM A nirUpaNa nayasuMdara ane nalAyana'ne maLatuM Ave che. kali ane dvApara viprano veza dhAraNa karIne puSkara pAse AvI ene naLa sAthe dyUta ramavA prere che e varNana premAnaMdanuM maulika che. tyAra pachI puSkare dyUtamAM vRSabha paraThyAnuM varNana eNe bhAlaNa ane nAkarane anusarIne karyuM che. paNa bhAlaNanA AkhyAnamAM kali vRSabhanuM rUpa le che ane dvApara pAsAnuM rUpa dhAraNa kare che. premAnaMdanA AkhyAnamAM kali pAsA bane che ane dvApara poThI bane che. vaLI, puSkara cUtamAM Akhalo hoDamAM mUke che. mATe premAnaMde ene vanavAsI batAvyo che. bhAlaNe evuM batAvyuM nathI. (joke roja rAtanA dyUta ramIne puSkara potAne 'Azrame' jAya che evuM bhAlaNe lakhyuM che.) zrI rA. vi. pAThaka lakhe che, "bhAlaNe ane premAnaMde baMnee puSkare ramatamAM 'vRSa' mUkyo evuM varNana karyuM che. have puSkara rAjA hoya to Akhalo laIne jAya 1970 : sAhityadarzana

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ane paNImAM mAtra Akhalo mUke, ane tenI sAme naLa potAnuM rAjya mUke e asaMbhavita che. bhAlaNane A asaMbhavitatA jaNAI nahi. premAnaMdane jaNAI, ane tethI teNe puSkarane nirdhana ane vanavAsI kalayo* zrI pAThakanA A abhiprAya vize thoDIka spaSTatA karavAnI jarUra che. premAnaMda pramANe puSkare dAvamAM vRSabha mUkyo ane sAme, naLe AkhuM rAjya mUkyuM ane eka ja dAvamAM te hArI gayo. AvI rIte eka vRSabhanI sAme AkhuM rAjya mUkavAmAM Ave e asaMbhavitatA mATe zrI pAThaka bhAlaNane javAbadAra gaNe che ane premAnaMdano bacAva kare che. paNa hakIkatamAM A asaMbhavitatA mATe premAnaMda pote javAbadAra che. bhAlaNe evuM asaMbhavita nirUpaNa karyuM ja nathI. bhAlaNanA naLAkhyAnamAM pahelA dAvamAM puSkara vRSabha mUke che ane naLa enI sAme eTaluM dravya mUke che. naLa hArI jAya che. tyAra pachI bIjA dhavamAM puSkara vRSabha ane jIteluM dravya mUke che ane enI sAme naLa e baMnenA jeTaluM dravya mUke che. Ama krame krame puSkara haratA jatA naLa pAsethI badhuM jItI le che. eTale bhAlaNanuM nirUpaNa asaMbhavita nahi paNa pratItikara che. premAnaMdanA "naLAkhyAna'mAM puSkara zarata kare che : beTha banyo poNa paraThIne bolyo puSkara rAyajI; je hAre te rAjya mUkIne traNa varSa vanamAM jAyache. (3) traNe varSa gupate rahevuM veSa ane ko dhIjI; jo kadAcita prIcha paDe to, vana bhogave pharIjI. 705). ghutamAM AvI zarata karyAno ullekha mahAbhAratamAM ke bIjI koI paNa kRtimAM Avato nathI. premAnaMde ahIM zakuni ane yudhiSThiranA bIjI vAranA ghUtanI zarata jevI zarata mUkI dIdhI hoya ema lAge che. ane te paNa barAbara cokasAI karyA vagara; kAraNa ke enA nirUpaNa pramANe joIe to paNa, A zarata barAbara paLAtI nathI. mahAbhAratamAM naLa dhUtamAM uttarottara vadhAre ne vadhAre hArato jato hato, tyAre damayaMtI agamacetI vAparI vArmeya sAthe potAnAM baMne saMtAnone potAne piyara mokalI de che. premAnaMda pramANe, dhUtamAM hAryA pachI naLanA kahevAthI, damayaMtI potAnAM saMtAnone piyara mokale che. mahAbhAratamAM saMtAnone vArSeya sArathi sAthe mokalavAmAM Ave che. 'naLAkhyAnamAM te gurujI sudeva sAthe mokalavAmAM Ave che. dhUtanA prasaMganuM nirUpaNa premAnaMde utAvaLathI karyuM che, paraMtu bALakonI * kAvyanI zakti (bIjI AvRtti) pR. 123 premAnaMdanA naLAkhyAnanuM kathAvastu 171

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vidAyano prasaMga eNe hRdayasparzI banAvI vikasAvyo che, ane e mATe eka AkhuM kaDavuM rokAyuM che. A karuNa rasanA gItamAM damayaMtInA hRdayanI vyathA kavie sArI rIte vyakta karI che. potAnAM saMtAnone 'namAyAM thaI varatajo re' kahenAra mAtA keTaluM duHkha anubhavatI haze ! 'sahejo mAmInI gALa' lakhIne premAnaMde potAnA samakAlIna gujarAtanuM pratibiMba pADI, potAnA zrotAjanone mATe e nirUpaNa vadhAre vAstavika lAge evuM banAvyuM che. 32mA ane 33mA kaDavAmAM, kavie naLa-damayaMtIne vanamAM javA mATe nIkaLatAM varNavyAM che ane vanamAM paDelAM kaSTonuM ane naLe damayaMtInA karelA tyAganuM nirUpaNa karyuM che. damayaMtI nagaramAMthI nIkaLe che e prasaMge kavi lakhe che : eka aMjali jaLanI na pAmyAM, jo bhamyAM pura Akhe. * tarasI damayaMtI pANI na pAmI, kaMThe paDiyo zoSa, * eka grata rahyAM nagaramAM, cAlyAM vahANuM vAte. mahAbhArata pramANe naLa-damayaMtI traNa divasa nagara bahAra mAtra pANI pIne rahyAM, ane tyAra pachI vanamAM gayAM. premAnaMda naLane varuNe ApelA varadAnanI vAta ahIM bhUlI gayo che. mATe emaNe naLa ane damayaMtIne tarasyAM rahelAM batAvyAM che. mahAbhAratakAre pANIno ullekha karyo che. A pachI premAnaMde matsyasaMjIvanano prasaMga mUkyo che. A prasaMganI kalpanA eNe nAkaramAMthI lIdhI che. mahAbhAratamAM ke bhAlaNanA naLAkhyAna'mAM ke jaina kavionI kRtiomAM e nathI. premAnaMde A prasaMga nAkara karatAM vadhAre vikasAvyo che, paraMtu ema karatAM, naLanA pAtranA gauravane eNe ghaNI hAni pahoMcADI che. damayaMtInA tyAga mATe AvuM kAraNa mUkavA karatAM mahAbhAratakAra ke bhAlaNanI jema te paNa AnA karatAM vadhAre sAruM ane svAbhAvika kAraNa mUkIne potAne ane naLane A doSamAMthI bacAvI zakyo hota. vanamAM paMkhIne pakaDavA jatAM potAnuM vastra naLa gumAve che e prasaMganuM nirUpaNa premAnaMde keTaluM tAdeza karyuM che ! naLa nagna bane che e samaye te lakhe cheH lAjyA paMkhI ne lAjyuM vana, lAjyo sUrya, mIcyAM locana; svAda iMdriye pIDyo mahArAja, thayo nagna mUkIne lAja. * vihaMgama vastra gayo re harI, damayaMtI ! mA jozo pharI,' pAche Dagale gaI strIrjana, ApyuM ardhavastra,' 'svAmI DhaMko tana.' 172 : sAhityadarzana

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ekako cheDo paheryo Ubhe, jANe tIratha nAhyAM evAM zobhe! anna vinA aDavaDiyAM khAya, satane AdhAre cAlyA jAya. (kaDavuM 34-13, 14) mahAbhAratamAM be paMkhIo Ave che; premAnaMde ahIM eka ja paMkhIno ullekha karyo che, ane te bagalo hato ema jaNAvyuM che. mahAbhAratamAM paMkhI kayAM hatAM, pAsAoe kayA paMkhInuM svarUpa dhAraNa karyuM hatuM te jaNAvyuM nathI. naLa damayaMtIno tyAga kare che e samayanI enI dvidhA premAnaMde mahAbhAratakAranI jema sarasa varNavI che: kaLi tANe vATa vana taNI, prema tANe damayaMtI bhaNI; vicAre vicAranidhimAM paDyo, AvakajAvata hiMDoLe caDyo. sAta vAra Avyo pharI pharI, tajI na jAya sAdhu suMdarI; prabaLa baLa kaLinuM thayuM, premabaMdhana truTIne gayuM! (ka. 33-29) tyAra pachI damayaMtI enI mAsIne tyAM jAya che tyAM sudhInA prasaMgonuM saLaMga nirUpaNa mahAbhAratamAM, bhAlaNamAM ane nAkaramAM karavAmAM AvyuM che. ane tyAra pachI naLano prasaMga mUkavAmAM Avyo che. premAnaMde "nalAyana'kAra, nayasuMdara ane samayasuMdaranI jema, pahelAM naLano prasaMga mUkyo che ane pachI damayaMtInI vItakakathA rajU karI che. 34mA kaDavAmAM premAnaMde naLano vilApa rajU karyo che je enI nirUpaNazaktino ane rasasthAnanI enI parakhano ApaNane sAro paricaya karAve - karkoTaka nAgano prasaMga premAnaMde mahAbhArata karatAM thoDI bhinna rIte Alekhyo che. mahAbhAratamAM karkoTaka nAga naLa potAne UMcakI zake e mATe aMgUThA jeTaluM nAnuM svarUpa dhAraNa kare che. premAnaMde eka to nAgane eka jojana jeTalo lAMbo ane moTo batAvyo che. vaLI, eNe karkoTake nAnuM svarUpa dhAraNa karyAnuM lakhyuM nathI. mahAbhAratamAM nAradanA zApanI vAta Ave che; premAnaMde saptarSinA zApanI vAta karI che. premAnaMde zApanuM jevuM kAraNa jaNAvyuM che tevuM mahAbhAratamAM nathI. premAnaMda pramANe, naLa nAgane nIce mUkI de che pachI te naLane karaDe che. mahAbhAratamAM nAga naLane khabhe hoya che tyAre ja karaDe che. mahAbhAratamAM nAga naLane kyAM karaDe che teno ullekha nathI, paNa nAge aMgUThA jeTaluM svarUpa dhAraNa karyuM che ane e naLane khabhe che eTale naLane khabhe ja eNe daMza mAryo ema mAnI zakAya. premAnaMda pramANe te naLane chAtIe karaDe che. mahAbhAratamAM nAga keTalA samayathI vanamAM dAjhe che teno ullekha nathI. premAnaMda te sAta hajAra varSa batAvyAM che. mahAbhAratamAM nAga naLa pAse dasa DagalAM bharAvI, premAnaMdanA naLAkhyAnanuM kathAvastu 173

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daza' ema naLa bole che tyAre Dasa', 'daMza mAra' evo artha karI te karaDe che. premAnaMdamAM te pramANe daza' DagalAM gaNavAnI ane daza'no artha 'karaDavuM' evo karavAnI kaMI vAta ja AvatI nathI. mahAbhAratamAM karkoTaka naLane be vastra Ape che. premAnaMda pramANe te traNa vastra Ape che. mahAbhAratamAM naLa te vastro le che, ane tarata karkoTaka aMtardhAna thaI jAya che. premAnaMda pramANe naLa te vastro paherIne khAtarI karI jue che, tyAra pachI karkoTaka aMtardhAna thAya che. bAhuka" nAma dhAraNa karI, naLa jyAre ayodhyA Ave che tyAre te prasaMganuM nirUpaNa premAnaMde hAsyarasika ane janamanaraMjana karAve evuM karyuM che. 36mA kaDavAthI, premAnaMda damayaMtInA prasaMgo varNave che. A kaDavAmAM pahelI traNa kaDI kavi doharAnI Ape che. sAmAnya rIte doharA' ane dezIo'nI kaDIo, bhegI ApavAnI praNAlikA jainakaviomAM jovA maLe che. premAnaMdanI racanA para jaina kavionI asara paDI hovAno saMbhava che. vaLI, A traNa kaDImAM damayaMtInA svapnAnI vAta Ave che, jemAM te naLa potAne mUkIne jAya che evuM jue che. A prasaMge damayaMtIne svapna AvatuM mahAbhAratamAM, bhAlaNanA ke nAkaranA naLAkhyAnamAM batAvavAmAM AvyuM nathI. paraMtu 'nalAyana' ane nayasuMdaranA rAsamAM tathA jainaparaMparAnI nalakathA vizenI badhI ja kRtiomAM damayaMtInA svapnanI vAta Ave che. ane e svapnamAM paNa damayaMtIne naLa choDI jAya che evuM rUpakazailIthI batAvavAmAM AvyuM che. eTale premAnaMde ahIM mUkelA svapnanI kalpanA eNe jaina kavio pAsethI lIdhI hovI joIe. damayaMtI jAge che ane naLanI tapAsa kare che. paraMtu naLane na dekhatAM, te vilApa karatI karatI ekalaDI vanamAM bhame' che. premAnaMde enuM tAdaza citra doryuM che. A pachI damayaMtI naLane mATe cItarAne, zArdUlane ane vRkSane pUchI jue che. tyAra pachI agara ane pAradhIno prasaMga bane che. mahAbhAratamAM ajagara ane pAradhIno prasaMga pahelAM Apyo che ane tyAra pachI zArdUla, parvata ane vRkSane saMbodhana Ave che. pAradhIno prasaMga premAnaMde mahAbhArata karatAM vadhAre vikasAvIne mUkyo che. nayasuMdaranA rAsamAM paNa A prasaMga vikasAvIne mUkavAmAM Avyo che. pAradhIne zApa ApatI vakhate damayaMtI 'viThThalajI'nuM smaraNa kare che. AvuM mahAbhAratamAM, bhAlaNamAM ke nAkaramAM nathI. 'nalAyana'mAM ane nayasuMdaramAM zApa ApatI vakhate 'indra'nuM smaraNa damayaMtI kare che. pAradhIne zApa ApyA pachI potAnA u52 upakAra karanArane AvI zikSA karavA mATe damayaMtIne kaMI paritApa karatI mahAbhAratamAM batAvI nathI. 'nalAyana'kAre ane nayasuMdare e vistArathI varNavyuM che, ane premAnaMde paNa tevI rIte damayaMtIne paritApa anubhavatI batAvI che. saMbhava che ke premAnaMdanA A 174 sAhityadarzana

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nirUpaNamAM nayasuMdaranI asara paDI hoya. A paritApane aMte, damayaMtIne ApaghAta karavA mATe gaLe phAMso bharAvatI premAnaMde batAvI che te teno potAno umero hoya ema lAge che. pAradhI pachI tApasano prasaMga kavie mUkyo che. eNe A Akho prasaMga kaLinI mAyArUpe mUkyo che, ane tApasane "nagna digaMbara' batAvyo che. mahAbhAratamAM AvuM kiMI AvatuM nathI. ahIM tApasa banela kaLino Azaya damayaMtIno naLa pratyeno prema ocho karAvavAno hoya che, paNa temAM te phAvato nathI. A pachI premAnaMde damayaMtIne pharI svapna AvatuM batAvyuM che, jemAM ene naLanuM darzana thAya che. mahAbhAratamAM svapnanI vAta AvatI nathI. jemakathAmAM damayaMtIne bIjuM svapna AvatuM batAvavAmAM Ave che, paraMtu te to damayaMtI potAnA tyAM pitAne jAya che tyAre. alabatta, e svapnamAM naLanA saMyoganuM ja sUcana rUpakazelIthI darzAvavAmAM AvyuM che. 40mA, 41mA ane 4ramA kaDavAmAM, premAnaMde vaNajhArAno prasaMga varNavyo che. A prasaMgamAM eNe mahAbhAratamAM je ghaTanAo svAbhAvika rIte banatI batAvavAmAM AvI che te, kalinI mAyAne kAraNe banatI batAvI che. vaNajhArAnA prasaMga pachI, damayaMtI potAnI mAsIne tyAM Ave che. bAhuka RtuparNanA nagaramAM jAya che te vakhate enI jevI sthiti thAya che tevI sthiti damayaMtI, AvA veze nagaramAM praveze che tyAre, thAya che. premAnaMde damayaMtInI mAsInuM nAma bhAnumatI ane enI dIkarInuM nAma indumatI ApyuM che. mahAbhAratamAM mAsInuM nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM nathI ane mAsInI putrInuM nAma sunaMdA ApavAmAM AvyuM che. nayasuMdara ane "nalAyana'kAre mAsInuM nAma caMdramatI ane dIkarInuM nAma sunaMdA ApyuM che. jenaparaMparAnI nalakathAmAM mAsInuM nAma caMdrazA enI putrInuM nAma caMdramatI ApavAmAM AvyuM che. mahAbhArata pramANe damayaMtIne enI mAsI oLakhI zakatI nathI, ane damayaMtI paNa mAsIne oLakhI zakatI nathI. nayasaMdare varNavyA pramANe, damayaMtI potAnI mAsIne oLakhe che, paNa AvA saMjogomAM te e bheda pragaTa karatI nathI. premAnaMde paNa, damayaMtI potAnI mAsIne oLakhe che, paNa bheda pragaTa karatI nathI, ema batAvyuM mahAbhArata pramANe, damayaMtI potAnI mAsIne tyAM rahe che te samaya daramiyAna koI khAsa prasaMga banato nathI. jena nalakathAmAM damayaMtInI mAsInI dIkarInAM ratnonI corIno prasaMga bane che. premAnaMdanA naLAkhyAnamAM paNa mAsInI dIkarInA hAranI premAnaMdanA "naLAkhyAnanuM kathAvastu 175

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corIno prasaMga bane che. jemakathAmAM ratna coranAra damayaMtI nathI, paNa piMgaLa nAmano cora che. premAnaMdanA "naLAkhyAna'mAM paNa hAra coranAra damayaMtI nathI, paNa hAracorIno Aropa ene mAthe Avyo che. jainakathAmAM damayaMtInA satyanA prabhAvathI piMgaLa coranAM baMdhana tUTI jAya che, premAnaMdanA naLAkhyAnamAM damayaMtInA satyanA prabhAvathI hAra gaLanAra ToDalo phATe che ane kaLi tyAMthI nAse che. ATaluM sAmya, premAnaMdanA naLAkhyAna'nA ane jena nalakathAnA A prasaMgo vacce jovA maLe che. premAnaMde A prasaMganuM sUcana kadAca jainakathAmAMthI lIdhuM hoya topaNa enuM nirUpaNa eNe potAnI viziSTa kalAthI karyuM che. kadAca premAnaMde kyAMyathI sUcana na lIdhuM hoya ane Akho prasaMga potAnI maulika kalpanAthI yojI kADhyo hoya ema paNa bane. A prasaMge eNe damayaMtIne hAthe, kalino ahIM chello parAjaya batAvyo che. 43mAM kaDavAmAM hAracorIno prasaMga mUkyo che ane tyAra pachI kavie iMdumatI ane damayaMtI vacceno saMvAda sacoTa ane kuzaLatAthI rajU karyo che. kavie saMvAdane tvarita ane jANe bhajavAto hoya evo nATyAtmaka banAvyo che. prasaMgane nara samakSa taravarato karavAnI premAnaMdanI kalA ahIM keTalI khIle che te ApaNe joI zakIe chIe. A prasaMganI ane premAnaMdanI nirUpaNa kalAnI parAkASThA A pachInA kaDavAmAM, damayaMtIe prabhune karelI ArtihRdayanI prArthanAmAM Ave che. gujarAtI sAhityanI A cirasmaraNIya paMktiono "DhALa' paNa evo ja bhAvAnukULa che. kavi lakhe che : ho hari, satya taNA re saMghAtI, hari! huM kahIMye nathI samAtI; hari. mAharca koNa karmanAM karatuM. hari ! corIthakI zuM naratuM ? hari, huM zA mATe duHkha pAmuM? hari, juo huM - rAMkaDI sAtamuM. hari, grAhathI gaja mukAvyo, hari! huM - para roSa zuM Avyo? premAnaMdanI A paMktio e jamAnAmAM jyAre karuNa svare gavAtI haze tyAre konuM hRdaya nahi dravyuM hoya? konI AMkha bhInI nahi thaI hoya ? 46mA kaDavAthI, kavie naLadamayaMtInI zodha ane tyArapachI baMnenI milanakathAnuM nirUpaNa zarU karyuM che. sudeva damayaMtInI zodha mATe nIkaLe che e prasaMganuM nirUpaNa premAnaMde jIvaMta ane citrAtmaka karyuM che. A tAdaza citra pachI premAnaMdanA saMvAdakauzalano, thoDA zabdomAM ghaNuM kahevAnI enI zaktino ane e dvArA enA zabdaprabhutvano paricaya karAvanArI paMktio, sudeva ane damayaMtInA saMvAdamAM ApaNane jovA maLe che. (kaDavuM 48, 1-3). damayaMtIne oLakhatAM enI mAsI je duHkhanI lAgaNI anubhave che tenA nirUpaNamAM gujarAtanA vAtAvaraNanuM keTaluMka 176 - sAhityadarzana

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pratibimba paDyuM che. indumatI ane subAhu te samaye je lajjA anubhave che tenuM paNa kavie suMdara vAstavika citra doryuM che. damayaMtI sudeva sAthe kuMDinapura Ave che tyAre nagaramAM pravezatAM ene naLa paNa yAda Ave che. mATe prabhu vinA pIhariyuM grase' ema te kahe che. damayaMtI naga2mAM Ave che. enAM mAtApitA, saMtAno ane sAhelIo ene sAme maLavA mATe doDe che. paNa pati vinA enuM hRdaya haju azAMti anubhave che. jyAM sudhI patino meLApa na thAya tyAM sudhI e vrata-niyama pALe che. varSARtu Ave che ane enuM viyogaduHkha vadhe che. A rIte piyaramAM AvyAMne eka varSa thayuM chatAM naLano meLApa nathI thayo mATe te sudevane naLanI zodha mATe javAne kahe che. mahAbhAratamAM damayaMtI je divase enA pitAne tyAM Ave che te ja divase rAtre, te potAnI mAtAne naLanI tapAsa karAvavA mATe kahe che; ane mAtAnA kahevAthI bhImakarAjA brAhmaNone mokale che. temAMthI paEda nAmano vRddha brAhmaNa bAhukanI tapAsa karI lAve che. tyAra pachI damayaMtInA svayaMvarano saMdezo laIne sudeva RtuparNa rAjAne tyAM jAya che. premAnaMde A baMne kAma sudevane ja soMpyAM che, ane bIjA brAhmaNono teNe kazo ja ullekha karyo nathI. damayaMtI sudeva mAraphata je zabdo kahevaDAve che ane bAhuka je rIte eno javAba Ape che tenuM nirUpaNa premAnaMde mahAbhArata karatAM thoDuM bhinna karyuM che. mahAbhAratanI TahelamAM, naLane mRdu upAlaMbha che, paraMtu ahIM damayaMtI potAnA mATe 'alabhya vastu' ane ratna' jevA zabdo kahevaDAve che; ane naLa paNa javAbamAM ene 'kAca tarIke oLakhAve che tathA matsyanA prasaMgane haju paNa saMbhAryA kare che. temAM baMne pAtronuM gaurava sacavAtuM nathI. mahAbhAratanI ane tene anusarIne bhAlaNe ApelI Tahela vadhAre gauravavALI che. premAnaMdanI Tahela ane sudeve AvIne damayaMtIne Apelo ahevAla e bannenuM zrotAonA manoraMjana karavAnA hetuthI ja nirUpaNa thayeluM vizeSa lAge che. 53mA kaDavAmAM, kavie sudeva RtuparNane kaMkotrI Ape che tyAMthI te bAhukanA dehamAMthI kila nIkaLI jAya che tyAM sudhInA prasaMganuM, vigate Alekhana karyuM che. 'naLAkhyAna'nuM A sauthI lAMbuM 126 kaDInuM kaDavuM che. AkhuM kaDavuM potAnA zrotAjanonA manoraMjanArthe premAnaMde lakhyuM hoya ema lAge che. ethI emAM hAsyarasa ThIkaThIka niSpanna thayo che. emAM kavinA jamAnAnA gujarAtanuM pratibimba paNa ThIkaThIka paDyuM che. mahAbhArata karatAM ghaNuM bhinna nirUpaNa premAnaMde ahIM karyuM che. emAM enI rasanirUpaNanI ane tAdaza citro khaDAM karavAnI zaktinuM ApaNane acchuM premAnaMdanA 'naLAkhyAna'nuM kathAvastu * 177

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darzana thAya che, paNa tema karavA jatAM, eNe potAnI kavitAne je hAni pahoMcADI che ane aucityanuM bhAna gumAvyuM che te paNa joI zakAya che. | RtuparNanI kAmalolupatAnuM, bAhuka ene pajave che tenuM, svayaMvaramAM jyAM aTakAvavA mATe RtuparNa rANIone mAre che enuM, RtuparNanA ghoDAonuM, bAhuka ratha hAMkatI vakhate je vAMdhA pADe che tenuM, ane aMte nagaramAMthI ratha nIkaLe che tenuM premAnaMde hAsyarasika nirUpaNa karyuM che. ahIM bAhuka RtuparNanuM apamAna vArevAre kare che, ene "nirlajja, "chachero', ane "viSayI kahI, ene kAgaDAnI upamA ApI utArI pADe che tathA ghoDAne gALa ApI te dvArA tuparNane gALa Ape che - evuM premAnaMdanuM nirUpaNa zrotAone to paMktie paMktie hasAvavAnuM, paNa tethI te premAnaMdane kavi tarIke, caDAvavAne badale nIce ja pADe che. RtuparNa ane bAhuka rathamAM jAya che tenI sAthe sudevane paNa besato premAnaMda batAve che. mahAbhAratamAM ke bIjI koI kRtimAM stuparNanI sAthe sudevane besato batAvavAmAM Avyo nathI. Ave prasaMge rAjA kahe topaNa sudeva enI sAthe na bese te iSTa che, kAraNa ke kuMDinapura pahoMcatI vakhate svayaMvaranI kaMI taiyArI na jue to rAjA sauthI pahelo prazna sudevane ja kare. premAnaMdane e khabara nathI ema nahi. mATe ja eNe kuMDinapura AvyuM tyAre sudevane yuktipUrvaka javAba Apato batAvyo rastAmAM RtuparNanuM vastra UDI jAya che te prasaMganuM nirUpaNa paNa premAnaMda mahAbhArata karatAM thoDuM bhinna karyuM che. temAM paNa zrotAone hasAvavAnI enI vRtti rahelI che. pariNAme, tuparNa ane bAhuka naLa, baMnenAM pAtranA gauravane eNe hAni pahoMcADI che. naLa ane RtuparNanI vidyAno prasaMga paNa premAnaMde mahAbhArata karatAM bhinna rIte nirUpyo che. phalapatranI saMkhyA to mahAbhArata karatAM taddana judI che ja; uparAMta mahAbhAratamAM RtuparNa potAnI vidyA, naLane Ape che ane pote levAnI vidyA, naLa pAse leNI rAkhe che ene badale, premAnaMde baMnene ekabIjAnI vidyA tyAM ApatA ane letA batAvyA che. naLa akSavidyA meLave che ke tarata ja kali enA dehamAMthI nIkaLe che. 7mI kaDIthI A kaDavAnA aMta sudhI, kavie kalino ja prasaMga varNavyo che. emAM premAnaMda kalinA guNa-avaguNa vigate varNavyA che. potAnA samAjane lAgu paDatI vAta kahevAnI ane e rIte lokone dharma-adharmanI vAta samajAvavAnI taka premAnaMde ahIM jhaDapI che. enA A nirUpaNamAM enA potAnA jamAnAnA lokonA anAcAranuM paNa keTaluMka pratibiMba paDyuM che. 178 sAhityadarzana

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kalinA A prasaMga pAchaLa raheluM eka rahasya premAnaMde mUkyuM che. naLa akSavidyA meLave che eTale kali, je dhRtanA pAsAnuM paNa eka rUpa che te, naLanA zarIramAM rahI zake nahi, kAraNa ke naLe have pAsA - 'akSa' - upara prabhutva meLavyuM che. pAsA beheDAnA vRkSamAMthI banatA eTale kali temAM vAsa kare e sUkSma dRSTie ucita gaNAya. premAnaMde paNa kaline baheDAnA vRkSamAM raheto batAvyo che. paNa A prasaMganuM bIjuM eka rahasya premAnaMde mahAbhArata pramANe batAvyuM nathI. kali naLanA zarIramAMthI nIkaLe che tyAre nAganuM viSa vamatovamato nIkaLe che. vaLI, nAga paNa naLane karaDe che te naLanuM rUpa badalavA ane e rIte enA upara pratyupakAra karavA to kharo ja, paNa tenI pAchaLanuM bIjuM eka kAraNa te damayaMtIe kaline Apelo zApa paNa che. AthI, nAga naLane karaDe che tyAre enI pIDA kaline thAya che. mATe ja kali jyAre bahAra nIkaLe che tyAre, mahAbhAratamAM, e kahe che, "IndrasenAnI jananInA zApathI ane nAganA viSathI huM rAta-divasa dAjhato rahyo chuM." mahAbhAratanuM A rahasya premAnaMde jatuM karyuM che. devone kali mArgamAM maLe che tyAMthI te A prasaMga sudhI, "naLAkhyAna'mAM kali eka mahattvanuM pAtra banI jAya che. mahAbhArata ke bhAlaNa, nAkara karatAM premAnaMde kalinI mAyAnA prasaMgo vadhAre batAvyA che. mahAbhAratamAM je keTalAka prasaMgo svAbhAvika rIte banatA varNavAyA che evA prasaMgone paNa premAnaMde kalinI mAyA tarIke varNavyA che. kyAMka evA camatkAro saprayojana ane upayogI thayA che, tathA kyAMka pAtranA vartananA gauravane pahoMcelI hAnimAMthI eNe bacAvI paNa lIdhA che; to bIjI bAju kyAMka evA camatkAro binajarUrI, asvAbhAvika ane rasane hAnikartA paNa banyA che. 54thI 58 kaDavA sudhImAM naLanI utsukatApUrvaka pratIkSA karatI damayaMtInA hRdayanA bhAvonuM, RtuparNanA AgamananuM ane bAhuka-naLanI karavAmAM AvelI vividha parIkSAonuM kavie nirUpaNa karyuM che. RtuparNa ane bAhuka bhImakarAjAne tyAM AvI pahoMce che e prasaMge paNa kavie bAhaka pAse grAmya vartana karAvyuM che. zrotAonuM manoraMjana karAve evA A nirUpaNamAM kavi premAnaMde aucityabhAna gumAvyuM che ema kahevuM paDe. naLanA dehamAM kali hato tyAM sudhI evA vartana mATe kaline javAbadAra gaNIne, kavino bacAva kaMIka karI zakAya; paNa kali nIkaLI gayA pachI paNa, naLa pAse AvuM grAmya vartana karAvavAmAM, kavie aucityadoSa vahorI lIdho che. eka rIte kahIe to premAnaMda sabhAraMjana mATe bAhukanA pAtrano vadhAre paDato lAbha uThAvyo che, ane te paNa premAnaMdanA naLAkhyAnanuM kathAvastu 179

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bevaDI rIte, bAhukanA potAnA grAmya vartana dvArA ane anya lokonAM bAhuka pratyenAM kaTAkSavacano dvArA. vaLI, bAhukanA vartananA nirUpaNamAM jema kavie aucityano khyAla rAkhyo nathI, tema anya vyaktionAM AvAM kaTAkSavacanomAM paNa eNe e khyAla rAkhyo jaNAto nathI. bAhuka e naLa che ke kema tenI kasoTI karavAnA vicAre tene ahIM bolAvI ANavAmAM Avyo che. tema chatAM, tenA kadarUpA deha vize A prasaMge sudeva, damayaMtInI sakhIo, bhAbhIo, bhImaka rAjA pote ane khuda damayaMtI paNa kaTAkSavacano bole che, je ahIM ekenAM mukhamAM zobhatAM nathI. bAhukanI "vAji, vRkSa, jala, anala" e cAra parIkSAo karyA pachI, enI pAse baMne bALakone mokalavAmAM Ave che. premAnaMde e prasaMganuM nirUpaNa vAstavika, hRdayasparzI ane asarakAraka karyuM che. kadarUpo bAhuka jo naLa hoya to ? ane e che tevo ja jo rahevAno hoya to? to enI sAthe jIvana kevI rIte pasAra thAya? premAnaMde A prazna bhAbhIo dvArA mUkyo che ane tyAM damayaMtInA satItvanI kasoTI thatI batAvI che. bIjI bAju, A prasaMge bAhukane jyAre damayaMtI pAse laI javAmAM Ave che tyAre premAnaMde nirUpeluM tenuM vartana taddana anucita lAge che. "sAdhu puruSane sadya pADe,' 'bAhuka khUMkhAre, ALasa mAMDe, mAMDyAM viSayInAM cihna' vagere paMktio ApaNane ghaNI kheMce che. lokaraMjananA pravAhamAM taNAyelI kavinI nirUpaNa kalA kavine potAne ane naLadamayaMtInAM pAtrone keTalo anyAya karI bese che te ahIM joI zakAya bAhuka e ja naLa che? - enI pratIti thatAM, damayaMtI je kahe che temAM naLa pratyenA enA uccatama, azArIra premanI ApaNane pratIti thAya che. damayaMtI kahe tama carsa vize mama mana rAtuM tama pAkhe huM peTamAM rezu dhAtu (61-55) amo abudhdha abaLAmAM budhdha thoDI; kare vinaMtI premadA, pANa joDI. (61-56) nathI rUpanuM kAma re bhUpa ! mAharA; thaI kikarI anusaruM carNa tAharA. (61-57) A sAMbhaLI naLa tarata ja potAnuM mULasvarUpa dhAraNa kare che. ane : jema tamAla pUThe vIMdhyaye velI; tema kathane vaLagI rahI guNaghelI. (61-62) 180 sAhityadarzana

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naLa pragaTa thAya che enA AnaMdotsavanuM nirUpaNa karI, kavie RtuparNanA du:khano ane naLe ApelA sAMtvanano prasaMga nirUpyo che. traRtuparNa A duHkhane kAraNe ApaghAta karavA taiyAra thAya che e to premAnaMdanI kalpanA che. naLa ane bhImakarAjA RtuparNane aTakAve che, te samaye RtuparNa potAnuM duHkha vyakta karI aparAdha mATe kSamA mAge che, ane pazcAttApa vyakta kare che. naLa RtuparNanuM duHkha haLavuM kare che. eNe potAnA upara karelA upakAranuM smaraNa karAve che. vaLI, trastuparNano badalo bIjI eka rIte paNa ahIM vALI ApavAmAM Ave che. damayaMtInI bhatrIjI sulocanA, je bIjI damayaMtI jevI ja che tene, RtuparNa sAthe paraNAvavAmAM Ave che. A kalpanA premAnaMdanI potAnI che. mahAbhAratamAM ke anyatra e jovA maLatI nathI. emAM eka rIte "kavinyAya paNa rahelo che ane bIjI rIte gujarAtanuM vyavahAru DahApaNa paNa raheluM che. A prasaMga premAnaMdanI maulika kalpanAno che e kharuM, paraMtu Ane maLato prasaMga "nalAyana' ane "naiSadhIyacarita'mAM che. e prasaMga A bIjA nahi, paNa pahelA svayaMvarane aMte Ave che. tyAM damayaMtI naLane svayaMvaramAM varI ethI nirAza thayelA. naLanA mitra jevA rAjAone dakSiNa dizAnA bIjA rAjAonI kuMvarIo, je damayaMtInI sakhIo che ane damayaMtInA hAthe tAlIma pAmelI hovAne kAraNe damayaMtI jevI ja che tene damayaMtInI bhalAmaNathI paraNAvavAmAM Ave che. A prasaMga ane premAnaMdano prasaMga taddana judAjudA ja che. chatAM, damayaMtInA svayaMvara mATe AvelI ane nirAza thayelI, naLanA mitra jevI vyaktine ema ne ema pAchI na javA detAM, "damayaMtI jevI ja bIjI kanyA paraNAvavAmAM Ave eTaluM sAmya A baMne prasaMgomAM raheluM joI zakAya che. emAM premAnaMdano prasaMga vadhAre mahattvano bane che, kAraNa ke e yogya sthAne, sArI rIte mUkavAmAM Avyo che. emAM vizeSa kavinyAya paNa rahelo che, kAraNa ke RtuparNa damayaMtInA bIjA banAvaTI svayaMvara mATe Avelo che ane e nirAza thavA uparAMta, phajeta paNa thayelo che. premAnaMde potAnA A prasaMganuM sUcana naiSadhIyacarita' ke 'nalAyanamAMthI lIdhuM haze ? naLa mULa svarUpe pragaTa thAya che ane damayaMtIne maLe che e pachI pAMca divasa bhImakarAjAne tyAM rahI e, potAnuM sainya sajja karI puSkarane jItavA mATe AvI pahoMce che. A prasaMge premAnaMde bhImakarAjAnA putrone paNa naLa sAthe AvatA batAvyA che. bhAlaNamAM, nAkaramAM ke mahAbhAratamAM e pramANe nathI. mAtra "nalAyanakAre ane nayasuMdare bhImakarAjAnA putrone naLanI sAthe jatA batAvyA che. premAnaMde A sUcana emAMthI lIdhuM hoya e saMbhavita che. premAnaMdanA "naLAkhyAna'nuM kathAvastu e 181

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ekAda-be apavAda sivAya lagabhaga badhI ja kRtiomAM naLa aMte puSkarane ghutamAM harAvI potAnuM rAjya pAchuM meLave che. premAnaMde puSkarane ghUta ramato ke yuddha karato batAvyo nathI, kAraNa ke puSkaranA hRdayanuM parivartana thAya che ane e pote ja sAmethI AvI, naLane enuM rAjya pAchuM soMpI de che. puSkaranuM A parivartana premAnaMdanI maulika kalpanAnuM sarjana che. zrI rAmanArAyaNa pAThaka lakhe che: premAnaMde ene pazcAttApa karato, sAme jaI rAjya soMpato batAvyo che; te paNa mahAbhArata karatAM zubhatara aMta che tenI nA nahi kahI zakAya. mahAbhArata karatAM gujarAta eTaluM mulAyama prakRtinuM avazya hatuM"* zrI anaMtarAya rAvaLa A vize lakhe che, "premAnaMdano sudhAro jarAya vAMdhAbharyo nathI. "raNayajJamAM rAvaNa ane kuMbhakarNanAM pAtrone rAmAyaNa karatAM sudhAravAmAM eNe je kuzaLatA dekhADI che tevA ja prakAranI kuzaLatA ane dRSTi teNe ahIM dekhADyAM gaNAya nahIM ?"x - premAnaMde ANelo A aMta zubhatara che ane gamI jAya evo che e kharuM. paraMtu mahAbhAratakArane ke nalakathAmAM A pheraphAra karanAra bIjA koI kavine na sUjhe eTalo e asAdhAraNa nathI. vastutaH Avo pheraphAra na karavAmAM bIjo eka sUkSma artha rahelo bIjA kavio je joI zakyA che te premAnaMda joI zakyo nathI. e artha te naLanI akSavidyAprAptinuM prayojana. ethI naLanA dehamAMthI kali nIkaLe che e paNa enuM eka prayojana che. paNa emAM to sUkSma rahasya raheluM che. naLanI akSavidyAnuM vyAvahArika ane mahattvanuM prayojana te puSkaranA ghutamAM thatA parAjayathI siddha thAya che. jo puSkarane cUtamAM hArato ane naLane cUtamAM jItato na batAvavo hoya to naLanI akSavidyA prAptinuM prayojana khAsa raheze nahIM. vaLI, mahAbhAratanI kathAmAM, nalakathAne aMte bRhada% muni yudhiSThirane akSavidyA Ape che te paNa lakSamAM letAM, A dhUtathI puSkaranA parAjayamAM sUkSma aucitva raheluM jaNAze. mATe ja mahAbhAratakAre ke bIjA koI kavie, puSkaranuM A hRdayaparivartana karAvavAnuM ucita dhAryuM nahi hoya. naLa puSkarane yuddhapati banAve che ane aneka yajJa karI chatrIsa hajAra varSa te potAnuM rAjyasukha bhogave che. kavie naLanA dharmarAjyanuM parisaMkhyA alaMkAravALuM varNana A prasaMge ApyuM che. tyAra pachI putrane gAdI soMpI, naLa-damayaMtI tapa karI anazana vrata laI, deha mUkI, vaikuMThamAM pahoMce che. sAmAnya rIte jainetara paraMparAnI bhAlaNa, nAkara vagerenI kRtiomAM kathAnuM * kAvyanI zakti (bIjI AvRtti) pU. 15ra. 4 naLAkhyAna (bIjI AvRtti) pR. 353 182 - sAhityadarzana

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samApana, mahAbhAratanI jema, naLadamayaMtInA sukhamaya jIvananA varNana sAthe thAya che. jaina paraMparAnI kRtiomAM varNavyA pramANe naLadamayaMtI potAnuM rAjya putrane soMpI vanamAM jAya che, dIkSA le che, tapa kare che ane anazana karI svargalokamAM jAya che. premAnaMdano ATalo umero jainakathAnI asara batAve che. emAM AnuM rAjyasukha 36 hajAra varSanuM gaNAvyuM che, e ATalI moTI saMkhyA paNa jainakathAnI asara batAve naLAkhyAnane aMte kRtinI lazruti batAvatAM kavi lakhe che : karakoTaka ne naLa damayaMtI, sudeva, trastuparNa rAyajI; e paMca nAma sUtAM UThatAM, tene gherathI kalijuga jAyajI. ahIM sudevanuM nAma premAnaMde pote umeryuM che. mahAbhAratamAM e nathI. premAnaMda A AkhyAnamAM sudevanA pAtrane vadhAre gauravavALuM pavitra RSi jevuM doryuM che, mahAbhAratano sudeva damayaMtI ane naLanI tapAsa karI lAvanAra eka brAhmaNamAtra che. premAnaMde ene naLadamayaMtIne ApattikALamAM madadarUpa ane mArgadarzaka thanAra vaDIla vyaktigurujana tarIke Alekhyo che. AthI ja premAnaMda sudevane mahAbhArata karatAM ghaNuM vadhAre kAma soMpyuM che. zrI anaMtarAya rAvaLe prazna karyo che, premAnaMda sudevane ghaNI kAmagIrI soMpI che. pAtranI ATalI badhI karakasaranI premAnaMda jevA premAnaMdane kema jarUra paDI haze?" eno javAba e che ke premAnaMda sudevanA pAtrane upasAvI eka RSi jevuM cItaravA mAge che. naLadamayaMtI jevA prAtaHsmaraNIya nAma sAthe, emanA upara upakAra karanAra karkoTaka ane RtuparNanAM nAma Ave, to e baMnenuM milana karAvI ApanAra sudevanuM nAma kema na Ave? mATe e sudevane paNa tenI sAthe gaNAvI, mahAbhArata karatAM thoDuM vadhAre kAma ene soMpI, enA sthAnanI yogyatAmAM umerovadhAro karavA mAge che. A rIte jotAM, premAnaMde pAtranI karakasara karI che ema nahi lAge. vaLI, premAnaMde je rIte ane je pramANe sudevanA pAtrane upasAvyuM che ane khIlavyuM che tathA enAM kAma, gaurava, pavitratA, tatparatA, vAtsalya, dIrghadRSTi, AvaData vagerenuM je citra doryuM che te jotAM naLadamayaMtI, karkoTaka ane RtuparNanA nAma sAthe pAMcamuM nAma sudevanuM makavAno Azaya pahelethI eno haze ema lAge che. A dRSTie jotAM premAnaMde Ama karyuM che temAM sudevanuM nAma asthAne che ema koIne paNa nahi lAge. chellI cha kaDImAM premAnaMde kaviparicaya, kRtinI racanAtAla, sthaLa vagere ApI, pharI ekavAra kRtinI phalazruti jaNAvI A AkhyAnanuM samApana karyuM che. Ama premAnaMdanA "naLAkhyAnanAM kathAvastunuM ApaNe avalokana karyuM. bhAlaNa premAnaMdanA naLAkhyAnanuM kathAvastu 183

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ane nAkara jevA potAnA purogAmI kavinI jema premAnaMde paNa, mahAbhAratanA 'upAkhyAna'ne AdhAre svataMtra kRtinuM sarjana karyuM che. paraMtu bhAlaNa khAsa, ane keTaleka aMze nAkara, mahAbhAratanI kathAne vaphAdAra rahe che tyAre premAnaMde to mAtra teno AdhAra ja lIdho che, ane AkhI kRtinuM sarjana potAnI svataMtra, maulika pratibhAzaktithI karyuM che. bhAlaNanuM naLAkhyAna vAMcatAM mahAbhAratanI saMskRta nalakathA eNe barAbara vAMcI haze evI spaSTa pratIti vAraMvAra thAya che. premAnaMdanuM naLAkhyAna vAMcatAM, sthaLe sthaLe nAnI nAnI vigatomAM je phera jovA maLe che ane evA badhA ja pheraphAro bhinna, maulika nirUpaNa karavAnA AzayathI ja eNe karyA hoya evuM nathI) te lakSamAM letAM, eNe mULa saMskRta mahAbhAratanI 'nalakathA vAMcI nathI evI spaSTa pratIti thAya che. premAnaMdanA 'naLAkhyAna' upara enA purogAmI kavio bhAlaNa ane nAkaranI asara thaI che. eTaluM ja nahi, jaina-paraMparAnI nalakathAnI, temAMye vizeSataH mANikyadevasUrikRta 'nalAyana' mahAkAvyanI sIdhI ke ADakatarI ane te parathI racAyela nayasuMdarakRta "naLadamayaMtI rAsanI ThIkaThIka asara paDI che ema saMkhyAbaMdha prasaMgonI vigato sarakhAvavAthI lAge che. premAnaMda upara enA purogAmI kavionI asara paDI hovA chatAM, e ucca, maulika svataMtra pratibhAvALo kavi che, ema enuM "naLAkhyAna' vAMcatAM ApaNe spaSTa joI zakIe chIe. bhAlaNa, nAkara vagerenI kRtio sAthe sarakhAvatAM, premAnaMdanuM naLAkhyAna' vadhu rasika banyuM che ane enuM nirUpaNa vadhAre jIvaMta banyuM che ema lAgyA vagara raheze nahi. bhAlaNa, nAkaranI kRtio vAMcatAM jANe ApaNe dUranA bhUtakALanI koI kathA vAMcatAM hoIe evuM lAge che, jyAre premAnaMde nirUpelI kathA jANe ApaNI najara samakSa atyAre banI rahI hoya evI taravarI rahe che ane ApaNe emAM ekadama otaprota banI jaIe chIe. premAnaMda sauthI vadhu kuzaLa vAtakAra che eTale kathAvastunI saMkalanA kevI rIte kiravI, kathAprasaMgane kyAM mUkavo ane ene keTaluM mahattva ApavuM te e barAbara jANe che; vaLI dareka prasaMgane mAMDIne, rasika rIte kema khIlavavo e paNa te barAbara jANe che. e rasasthAnono sAco pArakhu che, ane tethI emane khIlavavAnI eka paNa taka te jatI karato nathI. alabatta, rasanA pravAhamAM taNAIne e keTalIka vAra atizayoktibharyuM utkaTa Alekhana kare che ane tema karavA jatAM keTalIka vAra aucityanuM bhAna gumAve che ane pAtronA gauravane hAni pahoMcADe che. Ama, premAnaMdanA naLAkhyAnanA kathAvastunI saMyojanAmAM ghaNAM tattvoe bhAga 14 sAhityadarzana

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bhajavyo che. premAnaMde mahAbhAratanI paraMparAprApta sAMbhaLelI naLadamayaMtInI kathAmAM eka tarapha potAnA purogAmI AkhyAnakAro bhAlaNa ane nAkaranA naLAkhyAnamAMthI lIdheluM keTaluMka umeraNa karyuM che to bIjI bAju jaina paraMparAnI nalakathA uparAMta 'nalAyana' mahAkAvyane AdhAre nayasuMdare racelA 'naLadamayaMtI rAsa'mAMthI lIdheluM umeraNa paNa karyuM che. tenI sAthe sAthe potAnI svataMtra, maulika kavipratibhA vaDe kyAreka pAtrAlekhananA nimitte, kyAreka rasanirUpaNanA nimitte, kyAreka sabhAraMjanane mATe, kyAreka gujarAtIkaraNa karavAnA Azaye naLadamayaMtInI mULa kathAmAM sthaLesthaLe pheraphAro karyA che. keTalAka pheraphAro evA paNa haze je pheraphAra karavAnA sabhAna AzayathI eNe karyA nahi hoya, paNa te sahaja rIte thaI gayA haze. A badhA pheraphArothI, kyAreka rasakSati ke pAtrahAni thaI che chatAM, ekaMdare 'naLAkhyAna' naLadamayaMtI vizenI AkhyAna kRtiomAM sarvazreSTha kRti banI che, alabatta, A saphaLatA meLavavAno yaza kathAkAra premAnaMdane jeTalo che ethI vadhu kavi premAnaMdane che. premAnaMdanA naLAkhyAna'nuM kathAvastu 185

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bhAlaNanA kahevAtA bIjA naLAkhyAna'nuM pageruM bhAlaNe 'naLAkhyAna' lakhyuM hatuM e vAta jANItI hatI, paraMtu eNe 'naLAkhyAna' be vAra lakhyuM hatuM e prAcIna kAvyamALA'nA saMpAdako pAsethI ja ApaNane pahelI vAra jANavA maLyuM hatuM. prA.kA.mAM A bIjuM "naLAkhyAna' chapAyuM tyAM sudhI bhAlaNanA A bIjA 'naLAkhyAna" vize koIne mAhitI na hatI. bhAlaNane bIjI vAra naLAkhyAna lakhavAnuM prayojana zuM? e praznano javAba saMpAdako ApaNane bIjIvAranA naLAkhyAnanI paMktio TAMkIne Ape che : A naLAkhyAna kavinI bIjI vAranI kRti che. prathama temaNe je naLAkhyAna lakhyuM hatuM te koI laI gayuM ane teNe pAchuM na ApyuM tyAre A pharI lakhI kADhyuM che. kavinI prathama kRti AnA karatAM kadAca vadhAre suMdara haze ema anumAna thAya che. kemake utsAhanA pahelA taraMganuM e kArya hatuM. A vize kavi naLAkhyAnane chevaTe lakhe che ke : nAgarakAje zrama duveLA, kavine karame lAgyo che, dhruvAkhyAna ne naLAkhyAna be, punarapi karI anurAgyo che, gAMdhIne kevuM mArI mATe, mUrNa jANe nahi marInI khoTajI, gurukRpAe kavitAsAgaramAM, Ave graMtharUpI bharatIoTajI." prAcIna kAvyamALAmAM A naLAkhyAna chapAyA pachI I. sa. 1895mAM te bRhat kAvyadohana'nA graMtha pamAM chapAyuM. paraMtu "prAcIna kAvyamALA' karatAM temAM sthaLesthaLe pAThaphera jovA maLe che, ane keTalIka kaDIo ochI jovA maLe che. Ama, A be graMthomAM A 'naLAkhyAna' chapAyA pachI pAMtrIseka varasa sudhI te bhAlaNanI kRti tarIke ja svIkArAyuM ane ApaNA sAhityanA itihAsamAM ane anya graMthomAM 186 sAhityadarzana

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bhAlaNanI asaMdigdha kRti tarIke ja te ullekha pAmyuM. A samaya daramiyAna bhAlaNanuM kahevAtuM paheluM naLAkhyAna anupalabdha hovAnuM ja manAtuM hatuM. bhAlaNanA A bIjA kahevAtA naLAkhyAnanuM saMpAdana sva. rAmalAla modIe hAtha dharyuM tyAre kevI Akasmika rIte emane bhAlaNanuM paheluM naLAkhyAna maLI AvyuM te emaNe be naLAkhyAno'nI prastAvanAmAM batAvyuM che. vaLI, A kahevAtA bIjA 'naLAkhyAnanI eka paNa hastaprata mane maLI nahi e paNa emaNe noMdhyuM che. I. sa. 1924mAM A baMne naLAkhyAno emaNe pragaTa karyo tyAre A bIjA naLAkhyAna vize temaNe thoDIka zaMkA vyakta karI ane te mATe keTalAMka kAraNo ApyAM.* bIjI bAju, emaNe bhAlaNanI utAvaLamAM lakhAyelI e kRti hovA vize zakyatA paNa vicArI joI che. bhAlaNanI A kRti nathI evo bedhaDaka abhiprAya emaNe Apyo nathI. vaLI, A arvAcIna kRti che evo paNa spaSTa ane nizcita abhiprAya emaNe Apyo nathI, kAraNa ke A kRti prAcIna kALanA koI kavie racIne bhAlaNanA nAme caDhAvI hovAno saMbhava paNa teo vicAre che. - sva. rAmalAla modIe vyakta karelI A zaMkAne tyAra pachI kaMI vega maLyo nathI. eTaluM ja nahi, I. sa. 1939mAM zrI ke. kA. zAstrI taraphathI "kavicarita bhAga-1mAM eno svIkAra paNa thayo che. zrI ke. kA. zAstrIe bhAlaNanA kahevAtA A naLAkhyAnamAMthI avataraNo ApI temAM madhyakAlIna bhASAnI prathama ane dvitIya bhUmikAnA aMzo atratatra chUTAchavAyA hovAnuM paNa batAvyuM. Ama, 1924mAM sva. rAmalAla modIe A naLAkhyAna vize zaMkA vyakta karI, tyAra pachI e zaMkAne daDha kare evAM koI vadhu pramANo haju rajU thayAM nathI. paraMtu zrI ke. kA. zAstrIe bhAlaNanA samaya aMge ane enA A naLAkhyAnanA anusaMdhAnamAM kartutva aMge potAno abhiprAya have badalyo che. teo lakhe che, "mRdu prakRtinA sva. modI Ama zaMkAnI nare jue che e ja A kRtinuM bhAlaNanuM kartutva nathI e puravAra karavA pUratuM che. vastusthitie enI koI hAthaprata maLI ja nathI ane majA to e che ke sAlavALI kaDI mAtra prA. kA. mALAnI vAcanAmAM ja che. jyAre gujarAtI presanI bu. kA.nI vAcanAmAM nathI... A paristhitimAM narasiMha mahetAne nAme caDhAvelAM "suratasaMgrAma' ane "goviMdagamananI bhASAmAM to bhaLatAM, ane keTalIka vAra khoTAM madhyakAlIna zabdasvarUpa dAkhala karI e beu kAvyone junavANI hovAnuM kahevAmAM AvyuM che tevuM ja A bIjA naLAkhyAnanA viSayamAM paNa banyuM hovA vize mane to zaMkA have rahI nathI." * "be naLAkhyAna" prastAvanA, pR.22 bhAlaNanA kahevAtA bIjA naLAkhyAnanuM pageruM ke 187

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Ama zrI ke. kA. zAstrIno abhiprAya have badalAyo che. paraMtu temaNe A bIjA naLAkhyAnanA kartutva vize vizeSa kaMI svataMtra vicAra karyo nathI. bhAlaNanA pahelA naLAkhyAna sAthe emaNe A bIjuM naLAkhyAna sarakhAvI joyuM nathI ane sva. rAmalAla modIe vyakta karelI zaMkA uparAMta temaNe eka paNa navuM pramANa potAnA abhiprAyanA samarthanamAM ApyuM nathI. sva. rAmalAla modIe paNa A naLAkhyAnanA kartutva vize zaMkA vyakta karIne tenAM kAraNo ApyAM che, paraMtu lAkSaNika udAharaNo laIe kAraNonI vigate carcA karI nathI ane A baMne naLAkhyAnone vigate sarakhAvyAM paNa nathI. ahIM ApaNe prathama A baMne naLAkhyAnone sarakhAvIne enAM AMtaamANono vicAra karIzuM ane pachI enAM bApramANono vicAra karI enA kartutvano nirNaya bAMdhIzuM. sauthI pahelI mahattvanI dalIla to e che ke koI paNa kavi potAnI kRtinI bIjI vAra racanA kare ane te game teTalI utAvaLathI kare topaNa 400 karatAMye vadhAre kaDIomAM enI eka paNa paMkti athavA aDadhI paMkti paNa maLatI na Ave evuM sAmAnya rIte bane ja nahi. bhAlaNanA "naLAkhyAna'nI eka paNa paMkti enA kahevAtA A bIjA "naLAkhyAna'mAM jovA maLatI nathI. bIjI mahattvanI dalIla e che ke kavie potAnI pahelI kRtimAM je manohara, maulika kalpanAo karI hoya te bIjI kRtimAM utAryA vagara rahI zake kharo ? utAvaLane lIdhe pahelAM jeTalI sArI rIte ane sarasa bhASAmAM te kadAca na utAre, athavA badhI ja kalpanAo na utAre, paraMtu bilakula eka paNa kalpanA na utAre e kevI rIte bane ? ane utAvaLa hoya to je kalpanA eNe pahelI kRtimAM ochA zabdomAM ramatAM ramatAM utArI hoya tene mATe bIjI kRtimAM te nirAMte vadhu paMktio kevI rIte lakhI zake ? bhAlaNanA naLAkhyAnanI eka paNa maulika kalpanA A bIjA naLAkhyAnamAM jovA maLatI nathI e ghaNI AzcaryanI vAta che. bIjI bAju, A bIjI kRtimAM e je maulika kalpanAo batAve che temAMnI eka paNa e pahelI kRtimAM na batAve e paNa ochI AzcaryanI vAta che ? sivAya ke e badhI ja kalpanAo pAchaLathI ene sUjhI hoya ane pahelI kRtimAM ucca prakAranI kavitvamaya ane surucipUrNa kalpanAo rajU kare ane pAchaLathI lakhAyelI kRtimAM nikRSTa prakAranI, kavitvahIna, surucino bhaMga kare evI kalpanAo rajU kare te kaI rIte saMbhavI zake? bhAlaNe potAnA naLAkhyAnamAM sarovaranI, devo naLanuM svarUpa dhAraNa kare che te prasaMganI, damayaMtIe devonAM batAvelAM kalaMkonI, devonA yAcakapaNA vize naLanA 188 sAhityadarzana

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vicAronI je maulika kalpanA batAvI che tenuM naLAkhyAnamAM nAmanizAna nathI. bIjI bAju, bIjA naLAkhyAnamAM AvatI "ratiyuddhanI, vihAra vRkSanA phaLanI' ke "mAkhaNa tAvavAnI maulika kalpanAnuM bhAlaNanA pahelA naLAkhyAnamAM kyAMya nAmanizAna maLatuM nathI. A thaI maulika kalpanAnI vAta. naiSadhIyacarita'mAMthI bhAlaNe potAnA naLAkhyAnamAM je saMkhyAbaMdha kalpanAo lIdhI che temAMnI eka paNa kalpanA bIjA naLAkhyAnamAM jovA maLatI nathI. pahelI vAranI kRtimAM naiSadhIyacarita'nI ATalI badhI chApa hoya ane bIjI vAranI kRtimAM te bilakula na hoya e kaI rIte saMbhavI zake? A uparAMta, bhAlaNe potAnA naLAkhyAna'mAM mahAbhAratanI mULa kathAmAM na hoya evA je keTalAka nAnA maulika prasaMgo umeryA che temAMno eka paNa A bIjA 'naLAkhyAna'mAM nathI. agnizarmA nAmanA brAhmaNa-pathikano prasaMga, puSkara baLada laI dhUta ramavA Ave che te prasaMga, damayaMtI haMsa upara oDhaNI nAkhe che te prasaMga, naLane zodhavA mATe damayaMtI sakhIo sAthe hAthAjoDI kare che te prasaMga - AvA keTalAka prasaMgo bhAlaNe naLAkhyAnamAM je mUkyA che te A bIjA 'naLAkhyAnamAM nathI. vaLI, mULa mahAbhAratanI kathA samajavAmAM bhAlaNe potAnA naLAkhyAnamAM bhUla na karI hoya to A bIjI vAranA "naLAkhyAna'mAM kare kharo? pahelI vAra yama, varuNa ane hutAzana e traNa devo Indra pAse AvyA ema lakhanAra bhAlaNa bIjI vAranA 'naLAkhyAnamAM yama, varuNa ane caMdra lakhe kharo?pahelI vAranA naLAkhyAnamAM "daza sahastra vetana paraThiyuM' lakhanAra bhAlaNa bIjI vAranA naLAkhyAna'mAM daza sahastra niSka tujane re, huM ApuM prati mAsa' ema lakhe kharo ? mahAbhAratanA to nahi, paNa khuda bhAlaNanA potAnA samayamAM paNa mAsika pagAra ApavAno rivAja nahoto tyAre A kaI rIte lakhI zake? pahelI vAra, mahAbhArata pramANe, RtuparNanI pAsAnI ane gaNitanI vidyAne eka gaNanAra bhAlaNa bIjI vAranA 'naLAkhyAnamAM bhUlathI be vidyA kaI rIte gaNAvI zake ? A uparAMta, bhAlaNanA naLAkhyAna' ane A kahevAtA bIjA naLAkhyAna vacce nIcenI keTalIka bAbatomAM taphAvata jovA maLe che : bhAlaNe potAnA naLAkhyAnamAM guru ane sarasvatIne praNAma - eka ja paMktimAM karyA che. A utAvaLe lakhAyelA kahevAtA bIjA 'naLAkhyAna'mAM pArvatI, zaMkara, gaNapati ane sarasvatIne bAvIseka jeTalI paMktimAM kavi praNAma kare che. sAmAnya rIte AkhyAnakAro AkhyAnanuM kathAvastu kyAMthI lIdhuM che teno nirdeza bhAlaNanA kahevAtA bIjA naLAkhyAnanuM pageruM 189

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kare che. bhAlaNa, nAkara ane premAnaMda AraNyaka parvano ullekha kare che. A bIjA naLAkhyAnamAM Avo kaMI nirdeza karyA vinA ja sIdhI kathA cAlu thAya che. - bhAlaNanA 'naLAkhyAnamAM naLa ane damayaMtInAM pAtronuM Alekhana jevuM thayuM che tenI sarakhAmaNImAM AmAM te taddana phikakuM thayuM che. tevI rIte haMsane pakaDavAno naLano ane pachI damayaMtIno prasaMga bhAlaNe jevI sArI rIte Alekhyo che tenI sAthe A 'naLAkhyAna'nA prasaMgo sarakhAvavA jevA ja nathI. mahAbhAratamAM damayaMtInI sakhIo enI A virahavyathAnI vAta bhIma rAjAne kare che. bhAlaNe potAnA naLAkhyAnamAM lakhyuM che ke putrInI virahavyathAnI vAta bhImarAjAne kAne AvI, ene badale A bIjA naLAkhyAnamAM lakhyuM che ke "damayaMtInI virahavyathA joI dAsIe bhImarAjAne kahyuM ke damayaMtIne naLa pratye prema thayo che. mATe ene enI sAthe paraNAvo !" bhAlaNe potAnA naLAkhyAnamAM devonI vAta AvatAM be-traNa sthaLe raMbhA, urvazI, menakA, dhRtAcI, pulomi, pabadvArA vagere apsarAono ullekha karyo che. A bIjA naLAkhyAnamAM teno kyAMye ullekha nathI. - bhAlaNanA "naLAkhyAna mAM devonA dUta tarIke naLa jAya che e prasaMganuM maulika nirUpaNa thayuM che. A bIjA 'naLAkhyAnamAM te mahAbhAratane anusarIne ApavAmAM AvyuM che. bhAlaNanA naLAkhyAnamAM naLa potAnuM ke potAnA pitAnuM nAma tarata Apato nathI. A 'naLAkhyAna'mAM te mahAbhArata pramANe tarata nAma Ape che. - bhAlaNanA 'naLAkhyAnamAM svayaMvaramAM damayaMtIne rAjAono paricaya enI sakhI Ape che. A naLAkhyAna'mAM bhATa Ape che. bhAlaNanA 'naLAkhyAnamAM kali naLanI vADImAM AvelA eka baheDAnA vRkSamAM Azraya le che. A 'naLAkhyAnamAM te pramANe nathI. bhAlaNanA 'naLAkhyAnamAM puSkarane ghutamAM rojeroja jIteluM dhana laIne rAtanA potAnA Azrame jato batAvyo che. A bIjA "naLAkhyAna'mAM te pramANe batAvyuM nathI. bhAlaNanA naLAkhyAna'mAM RtuparNa je phaLa ane patranI saMkhyA batAve che tenA karatAM A 'naLAkhyAnamAM batAvelI saMkhyA judI che. bhAlaNanA naLAkhyAna'mAM punarmilana pachI naLa bhIma rAjAne tyAM eka saMvatsara rahe che, A "naLAkhyAna' pramANe te ghaNAM varSa rahe che. bhAlaNanuM "naLAkhyAna' trIsa kaDavAMnuM che. A utAvaLe lakhAyeluM kahevAtuM naLAkhyAna 28 kaDavAMnuM che. emAM kharekhara jo kyAMya utAvaLa karavAmAM AvI hoya 190 je sAhityadarzana

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to 26mA kaDavAne aMte ane 27mAM kaDavAmAM. 28mA kaDavAmAM nahIM. RtuparNanI gaNitavidyAnA prasaMga pachI tyAMthI AgaLanI kathAnuM nirUpaNa bhAlaNe 115 jeTalI kaDImAM karyuM che te A bIjA naLAkhyAnanA kavie mAtra dasa kaDImAM karyuM che. AkhyAnanA svarUpanI dRSTie vicArIe to eka mahattvano taphAvata e jaNAya che ke bhAlaNanA potAnA naLAkhyAna'mAM ke enA bIjA koI AkhyAnamAM AkhuM kaDavuM saLaMga doharAmAM lakhAyeluM nathI. A bIjA 'naLAkhyAnamAM 26muM AkhuM kaDavuM doharAmAM lakhAyeluM che. vaLI, bhAlaNa potAnAM AkhyAnomAM kyAMya racyAsaMvata Apato nathI. A bIjA naLAkhyAna'nI prA. kA. mALAnI vAcanAmAM tenI sAla ApI che. Ama, A baMne "naLAkhyAna' jo bhAlaNe ja racyAM hoya to ATalA moTA pramANamAM bhASAphera, zelIphera, vigataphera, vastuphera ane svarUpaphera kaI rIte hoI zake? ane game teTalI utAvaLamAM lakhyuM hoya to paNa baMne kRtionI guNavattAmAM ATalo badho phera kaI rIte paDe ke jethI prathamanI kRtino jarA sarakhoye kAvyaguNAMza bIjI kRtimAM Ave ja nahi ? A parathI spaSTa pratIti thAya che ke A baMne 'naLAkhyAnano'nuM kartutva bhinna bhinna vyaktionuM che eTale ke bIjA "naLAkhyAna'nuM kartutva bhAlaNanuM nathI ja. to A bIjuM naLAkhyAna' madhyakAlIna koI kavie pote racIne bhAlaNane nAme caDAvI dIdhuM ke arvAcIna samayanI koI banAvaTa che ? nIce ApelA eka vizeSa navA purAvAthI puravAra thAya che ke bhAlaNanuM kahevAtuM A bIjuM naLAkhyAna e arvAcIna samayathI eka banAvaTa che. A bIjuM 'naLAkhyAna' maNizaMkara mahAnaMda bhaTTa bhAIzaMkara nAnAbhAI saoNlisiTaranI sahAyathI taiyAra karAvela ane tripAThI enDa ke.e I. sa. 1888mAM pragaTa karela mahAbhAratanA gujarAtI bhASAMtara parathI racavAmAM AvyuM che. e mULa saMskRta mahAbhAratanI navalakathA, enuM gujarAtI bhASAMtara ane 'naLAkhyAna'nI kaDIo sarakhAvatAM acUka puravAra thayeluM jaNAze. ahIM ApaNe AkhuM naLAkhyAna sarakhAvI zakIe eTalo avakAza nathI mATe temAMthI thoDIka atyaMta mahattvanI paMktio sarakhAvI joIzuM. temAM prathama laIzuM mahAbhAratanI paMktio, pachI gujarAtI bhASAMtaranI paMktio ane pachI bhAlaNanA kahevAtA bIjA naLAkhyAnanI paMktio : 1. evamuktaH sa zakreNa nala: prAgjalirabravIt / ekArtha samupetaM mAM na preSayitumarhatha. // 66-7 bhAlaNanA kahevAtA bIjA "naLAkhyAnanuM pageruM ja 191

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kathaM nu jAtasaMkalpa striyamutsahate pumAn / parArthamIdarza vaktuMtat kSayantu mahezvarAH / / 66-c mahAbhArata) e pramANe InDe kahyuM tyAre naLa rAjAe hAtha joDIne kahyuM ke "he devatAo ! je tamArA manamAM matalaba che te ja mArA manamAM paNa matalaba che. mATe tame mane mokalo nahi. puruSa je strInI sAthe potAno vivAha karavAnI IcchA rAkhavo hoya teno tyAga kema kare? pArakA sAru tenI pAse jaIne, tamArA kahevA pramANe kema kahe ? he devatAo tame mAro aparAdha kSamA karo." (bhASAMtara) suNI naLArAya bolIo, hAtha joDI tyAMhi; vAMcchanA je deva dharatA. te ochi mama manamAMhi. 9-14 vaLI je nArItaNI IcchA kare puruSa jAta; tyAga tino kima kare ? eha viparIta vAta. 9-16 vaLI dUta thaI avarano, kima kahe jaI kuNa; aparAdha kSamA kIjiye, he IndrIya sukhadeza. 9-17 (naLAkhyAna) 1. ya ImAM pRthivIM kRtsnAM saMkSipya grasate punaH / hutAzamIzaM devAnAM kA taM na varayet patim // 56-9 yasya daNDbhayAt sarve bhUtagrAmA: samAgatAH / dharmamavAnurudhyanti kA taM na varayet patim // 56-10 dharmAtmAnaM mahAtmAnaM daityadAnavamardanam / mahendraM sarvadevAnAM kA taM na varayeta patim // pha11 kriyatAmavizaMDakena manasA yadi manyase / varuNaM lokapAlAnAM sahRdvAkyamidaM zRNu // 57-12 mahAbhArata) je sarva pRthvIne grAsa ApavA samartha che evA agnine tathA jenA daDanA bhaye karIne maLelA sarva bhUtaprANI potapotAnA dharmamAM rahe che evA yamarAjAne ane dharmayukta aMtaHkaraNavALA mahAtmA, daityo tathA rAkSasono nAza karanAra ane devatAonA rAjA Indrane tathA lokapAlomAM mukhya varuNane patirUpe na vare evI kaI 192 ka sAhityadarzana

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kanyA che ? he damayaMtI ! tuM manathI zaMkArahita thaI mane karIne mArA pramANe kara. bhASAMtara) sarvano saMhAra karatA, varo agni bhagavAna; niyama rAkhe sarvano ne, dhamadharma lakhe jeha. evA mane vaze zyAmA, kahuM niHsaMdeha. 11-11 dharma dhAre dhyAnamAM ne, sura asurano rAya, vare mahilA tehane to kArya siddha thAya. 11-12 lokapAlamAM agraNI varuNa evuM nAma; varI kanyA tehane thAye sahu zubha kAma. 11-13 evI kanyA koNa je deva mUkI vare nara; ajJAna jANe tehane, lahe nahi bALa ne mAnasasara. 11-14 mANamAM jo sneha tene kahyuM mAno mA; zA sahu nivarta kije, rUDuM temAM dhAruM. 11-15 (naLAkhyAna) 3. tato bASpAkulaM vAcaM damayantI zucismitA / pratyAharantI zanakairnala rAjAnamabravIt // 56-18 upAyo'yaM mayA dRSTo nirapAyo narezvara / yena doSo na bhavitA tava rAjan kathaMcana // 56-19 mahAbhArata) damayaMtI netromAM azru AvavAthI vyAkuLa vANIe nArAjAne uttara ApatAM AstethI bolI ke, he manuSyonA rAjA ! meM tamane paraNavAno upAya jAyo che jene karIne tamane kazo doSa lAgaze nahi.' (bhASAMtara) 11-23 dhImethI tava nArI bolI, karUM svAmI Ima; vyAkuLa cittathI zuM karyuM paNa sarva thAze zcima. he prANapati, ami lahadyo che, paraNavAtaNo upAya; doSa na lAge Apane, kAraja sahu siddha thAya. 11-24 (naLAkhyAna) 4. tata: sakIrtyamAneSu rAjJAM nAmasu bhArata / dadarza kaimI puruSAna paJcatulyAkRtInatha / / pha-10 bhAlaNanA kahevAtA bIjA naLAkhyAnanuM pageruM / 193

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tAn rAmIkSya tataH sarvAn nirdizeSAkRtIna sthitAn / saMdehAdatha vaidarbhI nAmyajAnAnnalaM nRpam // 57-11 yaM yaM hi daddaze teSAM taM taM mene nala nRpam / sA cintayanti buddhayAtha tarkayAmAsa bhAbinI // 57-12 kathaM hi devAjAnIyAM kathaM vidyA nalaM nRpam / evaM saMcintayantI sA vaidarbhI jhaMza du:khtiA // 57-13 zRtAni devaliGgAni tarkayAmAsa bhArata / tAnIhaM tiSThatA bhUmAvekasyApi na lakSyate // 7-14 sA vinizcitya bahudhA vicArya ca punaH punaH / zaraNaM prati devAnAM prAptakAlamamanyata // 57-15 vAcA ca manasA caiva namaskAra prayujya sA / devebhya: prAJjalirbhUtvA vepamAnedamabravIt // 57-16 haMsAnAM vacanaM zrutvA yathA me naiSadho vRttaH / patitve tena satyena devAstaM pradizantu me // 57-17 vacasA manasA caivayathA nAbhicarAmyaham / tena satyena me vibudhAstameva pradizantu me // 57-18 yathA devaiH sa me bhartA vihito niSadhAdhipa / tena satyena me devAstameva pradizantu mayA // 57-19 yathedaM vratamArabdhaM nalasyArAdhane mayA / tena satyena me devAstameva pradizantu me // 57-20 svaM caiva rUpaM kurvantu lokapAlAmahezvarAH / yathAhamamijAnIyAM puNyazlokaM narAdhipam // 57-21 mahAbhArata) jyAre svayaMvaranA maMDapamAM beThelA sarva rAjAonAM nAmanuM varNana thavA lAgyuM tyAre damayaMtI te sabhAmAM saunI sarakhI ja AkRtivALA pAMca puruSone joIne, teonI sAmuM vAraMvAra jovA lAgI. paNa teNe temAMthI jenI sAmuM joyuM tene naLarUpa mAnavAne lIdhe naLane oLakhyo nahi. pachI naLanuM ciMtavana karatI ane temAM ja prItimAna damayaMtI potAnI buddhie karI tarka karavA lAgI ke huM devatAone tathA naLarAjAne kema oLakhuM? e pramANe ciMtavana karatI damayaMtI atyaMta duHkhayukta thaI pote devatAonAM je cihno sAMbhaLyAM hatAM teno potAnA manamAM vicAra karavA 194 ka sAhityadarzana

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lAgI ke meM vRddha puruSo pAsethI devatAonAM je cihno sAMbhaLyAM che te A pRthvI upara UbhelA pAMce jaNAothI koIne vize dekhAtAM dekhAtAM nathI ! he rAjana ! pachI damayaMtIe manamAM nizcayayukta vAraMvAra ghaNo vicAra karI devatAone zaraNe javuM ema mAnI, vANI tathA mane karIne temane namaskAra karI, devatAonI sAme hAtha joDIne, tharathara kAMpatAM kahyuM ke, "he devatAo, huM jevI rIte haMsa pakSIonAM vacana sAMbhaLIne naLarAjAne varI chuM, jema mArI vANI tathA mane karIne bIjA patinI icchA karatI nathI, jema devatAoe mAro pati niSadha dezano rAjA naLa nirmANa karyo che tathA jevI rIte meM naLarAjAnI prApti thavA sAru svayaMvararUpI vaprAraMbha karyuM che, te mArA satyapaNAe karIne, tame mane naLarAjAnI prApti karAvo. he moTA Izvaro ! jema huM pavitra, yazavAna naLarAjAne ja oLakhuM tema tamo potapotAnAM svarUpa dhAraNa karo." (bhASAMtara) nAma guNanuM varNana karatA, bhATa sAthe je re, 13-12 damayaMtIe nirakhiyA, paMcAkRti naLa eka re; vAraMvAra avalokiyuM, navi rUpamAM mInamekha re. 13-13 naLarAya na oLakhyo nArI pAmI duHkha re; naLataNuM ciMtavana kare, deva pamADo sukha re. 13-14 deva naLa huM kima lahuM Ima kare tarka apAra re; ciMtavana karatI caturA vaLI vaLI, rahe na sAco sAra re.13-15 vRddha sAdhu muni thakI, suryA suranaranAM cihna re; paMcamAM ti navi jaNAI nahi koI bhinna re. 13-16 vAraMvAra nizvAsa mUkI karyo ghaNo vicAra re; zaraNa jAvuM devane dharI, ryo chi namaskAra re. 13-17 tharathara kaMpe kAminI, dIna svare bolI bALa re; he devanA sahu deva AvyA dekhADo naLa bhUpALa re. 13-18 haMsapakSIe je kahyo huM varI naLa niHsaMdeha re; manavANIthI na anya IcchuM satya karo ujeha re. 13-19 svayaMvaranuM vrata kIdhuM, pAmavA naLa bhUpa re; pUjana karI huM deva praNamuM prasanna thAo anupa re. 13-20 vrata karI prAptimAM Apo naLa nareza re; naLarAyane huM oLakhuM Ima karo sarveza re. 13-21 bhAlaNanA kahevAtA bIjA naLAkhyAna'nuM pageruM ja 195

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svarUpa graho svayaM svayaMtaNAM, to thAya mana prasanna re; bRhada% muni uccaraI, suNo dharma rAjanuM 2. 13-22 (napANyAna) 5. nizamya damayantatkaraNaM paridevitam 57-22 yathoktaM cakrihe devA: sAmarthya liGgajadhAraNe 57-23 e pramANe sarva devatAoe damayaMtIno karuNAyukta vilApa sAMbhaLI zAstramAM kahelAM potAnAM cihna potAne vize dhAraNa karyA.' (bhASAMtara) dInavANI suNI deva, thayA mana raLiyAta re, zAstramAM ji vidha kahyAM tevAM rUpa dharAI tatkALa re. 13-23 (nANyAna) pratyakSadarzana yajJe gatiM cAnuttamAM zubhAm / naiSadhAya dadau zakraH prIyamANa: zacIpati: // 57-35 agnirAtmabhavaM prAdAd yatra vAra-chati naiSadhaH / lokAnAtmaprabhAzcaiva dadau tasmai hutAzanaH // 57-36 yamastvannarasaM prAdAd dharme ca paramA sthitim / ayAMpatirayAM bhAvaM yatra vAra-chati naSadha: / / 57-37 srajazcottamagandhADhyA sarve ca mithuna daduH / varAneva pradAyAsya devAste tridivaM gatAH // 57-38 pArthivAzcAnubhUyAsya vivAhaM vismayAnvitAH / damayantAzca muditAH pratijagmuryathAgatam // 57-39 gateSu pArthivendreSu bhIma: prIto mahAmanAH / vivAhaM kArayAmAsa damayantyA nalasya ca // 57-40 uSya tatra yathAkAma naiSavo dvipadAM varaH / bhImena samanujJAto jagAma nagaraM svakam // 57-41 avApya nArIratnaM tu puNyazloko'pi pArthivaH / reme saha tayA rAjan zacyeva valavRtrahA // 57-42 atIva mudito rAjA bhrAjamAno'zumAniva / arag-jayat prajA vIro dharmeNa paripAlayan // 57-43 196 sAhityadarzana

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iMje cApyazvamedhena yayAtiriva nAhuSa: anyaizca bahubhirdhImAn kratuzcApta dakSiNaiH // punazca ramaNIyeSu vaneSUpavaneSu ca / damayantyA saha nalo vijahArAmaropamaH // janayAmAsa ca nalo damayantyAM mahAmanAH / indrasena sutaM cApi indrasenAM ca kanyakAma // evaM sa yajamAnazca viharaMzca narAdhipaH / rarakSa vasusaMpUrNAM vasudhAM vasudhAdhipaH // ** 57-44 57-45 (mahAbhArata) '...devatAoe naLarAjAne ATha varadAna ApyAM te evI rIte ke indre yajJamAM potAnuM pratyakSa dekhADavuM tathA 52ma zreSTha gatinI prApti. agnie naLarAjA jyAM icchA kare tyAM potAne utpanna thavuM ane potAnA sarakhA prakAzamAna zreSTha lokanI prApti. yamarAjAe annarUpI rasa tathA utkRSTa dharmamAM sthiti ane jaLanA rAjA varuNa devatAe jyAM naLa icchA kare tyAM potAe jaLarUpa thavuM tathA uttama sugaMdhavALI puSpanI mALA ApI. e pramANe cAre devatAo naLa rAjAne babbe varadAna ApIne svarga pratye gayA tyAre sarva rAjAo paNa naLa tathA damayaMtIno vivAha thayo te jANI harSayukta thaIne jevI rIte AvyA hatA tevI rIte pAchA potapotAnA dezo pratye gayA. moTA manavALA bhImarAjAe naLa ane damayaMtIno vidhipUrvaka vivAha karyo tyAra pachI be pagavALAM manuSyomAM zreSTha potAnA manamAM atyaMta harSayukta thayelo ane sUrya sarakho prakAzamAna niSadha dezano rAjA naLa potAnI icchA pramANe bhImarAjAnI purImAM rahyA pachI rAjAnI rajA laIne potAnA zahera pratye gayo. dharme karIne prajAnuM pAlana karatA temane potAmAM prItiyukta karato hato. naLa, yayAti tathA nahuSa rAjAnI peThe azvamedha ane bIjA paNa ghaNI dakSiNAovALA yajJa karIne damayaMtI sahita ramaNIya vana tathA bagIcAomAM praveza karI vihAra karato hato. he rAjana, e pramANe vihAra karatA evA moTA manavALA naLarAjAe damayaMtIne viSe indrasena nAmano eka putra tathA indrasenA nAmanI eka kanyA utpanna karI. e pramANe pRthvIno pati naLa yajJo tathA vihAra karatAM dravye karIne paripUrNa sarva pRthvInuM pAlana karato hato. (bhASAMtara) 57-46 57-47 bhAlaNanA kahevAtA bIjA naLAkhyAna'nuM pageruM 197

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inDe ApyAM be varadAnajI, yajJamAM pratyakSa AvuM mAnajI; parama zreSTha gatine pAmojI, vara suNI dukhane vamojI. 14-6 agnie ApyAM e varadAnajI, pragaTa thavuM icche jyAM janajI; svayaM zA prakAzalokanI prAptijI, thAya dehanI jyAre samAptijI. yamarAjAe ApyAM varadAnajI anarasa jANe rAjanajI; dharmamAM rahe mana sthirajI ke'vAya mahAbaLi vIrajI. jaLarAya varUNe ApyA beyajI suNo zrotA dAkhuM tejI; naLaicchAe utpanna thAvuM , mALa ApI na jANe kumaLAvuM. dharmanaMdana eNI vidhejI, naLarAyanA manoratha sidhajI; babe vara ApI gayA devajI anya rAjA karatA pake sevajI. gayA pota potAne dezajI, tyAM rahyuM nahi koI zeSajI; vidhipUrvaka vivAha kIdhojI, bhIma narapatie jaza lIdho. narazreSTha rahyo naLa tyAMyajI, svecchAe gayo najhamAMya; jaI dharme pALe prajAjI, joI daMpatI sukha sahune thAyajI. yayAtie kIdhA vAgajI tevo naLa dhare puSyamAM rAgajI; nahuSe meLavI kIrti jevIjI naLarAya meLavato tevIjI. karyA azvamedha ne bIjA yAgajI dakSiNAmAM ApyA bhUmibAgajI; vana upavanamAM nAri sAthijI, karyo vihAra niSadha nAthijI. vihAravRkSa to LiyuMjAjI, phaLa Indrasena sahue kaLiyuMjI; Indrasena putronI vadhAIjI, yAcakajana naLaguNa gAIjI. thaI IndrasenA eka putrIjI, pasarI kIrti sahu sUtrIjI; bhAlaNa prabhu raghunAthajI, puNyazlokano zobhe sAthajI. (kaDavuM 140 kaDI 6thI 16) (naLAkhyAna) 7 sa vai vivasro vikaTo malina pAMzuguSThita mAnyA saha zAnta: suSyApa ghAtaje. !! dUradda mahAbhArata) vastra vagarano, pAtharavA ghAsanI sAdaDI paNa jenI pAse hatI nahi evo, mela tathA dhULayukta zarIravALo, ane damayaMtI sahita thAkI gayelo naLa pRthvI upara sUto. (bhASAMtara) 198 sAhityadarzana

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eve eka zUnya AvyuM sthAna beThA tyAMhi rANI rAjAna; ghAsanI nathI sAdaDI, besavA ApadA AvI AvaDI. sUto pRthvI upara bhUpALa, sUtI damayaMtI tyAM tatakALa.19-5 (naLAkhyAna) have vananAM vRkSonI yAdI sarakhAvo : zAlaveNudhavAzvatthatindukeGa gudakiMzukaiH / arjunAriSThasaMcchanna syandanaizca sazAlmalaiH // 64-3 jambbAmradharavadirazAlavetrasamAkulam / padyakAmalakaplakSakadambodumbarAvRttam // 64-4 badarI bilvasaMcchannaMnyagrodhezca samAkulam / priyAlanAlakhajUrIharInaka vimItakaiH // 64-5 "..sAga, vAMsa, dhAvaDI pipaLA, TebharaNI, iMgoThiyA, khAkharA, arjuna, kaDavA lIMbaDA sAvarI, kastUrI, mogarA, jAMbu, AMbA, lodhA, khera, netara, devadAra, AMbalI, pIpaLI, kadaMba, umarA, boraDI, bIlI, vaDa, cAroLI, tADa, khajUrI, haraDAM tathA behoDAMnAM vRkSovALA vanamAM AgaLa cAlI tyAre.. (bhASAMtara) rAga, arjuna, vAMsakerAM, aDa che vanamAMya re; pIpaLI, dhAvaDI, TebhurI iMgoLI daraze tyAMya. 21-5 nila, khAkhara, sAvarI, kasturI, mogara jAMba re; devata, ci, pIpaLI, khera, netara, AMba. 21-6 tADa, khajUrI, cAroLIkAM, kadaMbakeca vRkSa re; bIlI boraDI, triphaLA che umarA pazyati samakSa. 21-7 (naLAkhyAna) ahIM bhASAMtarakAre je vRkSonAM nAma vadhArAnAM ApyAM che te naLAkhyAnakAre paNa ApyAM che. bAkInAM nAmo paNa 'naLAkhyAnakAre bhASAMtarane AdhAre ja ApyAM che e paNa spaSTa joI zakAze. 9 utsUjya damayantI te nalo rAjA vizAMpate / dadarza dAvaM dahyaMntaM mahAntaM gahane vane // tatra zuzrAva zabda vai madhye bhUtasya kasyacit / abhidhAva naletyuccaiH puNyazloketi cAsakRt // 66-2 mA mairiti nalazlokatvA madhyamagne pravizya tam / dadarza nAgarAjAnaM zayAna kuMDalIkRtam // bhAlaNanA kahevAtA bIjA naLAkhyAna'nuM pageruM 199

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sa nAga: prAMjjalirbhUtvA veSamAno nalaM tadA / uvAca mAM viddhi rAjan nAgaM karkoTakaM nRpa / 66.4 mayA pralabdho brahmarSinArada sumahAtapAH / tena manyuparItena zapto'smi manujAdhipa // 66-5 tiSTha tvaM sthAvara iva yAvadeva nala kvacit / Ito netA hi tatra tvaM zApAnmokSyasi matkRtAt // 66-6 tasya zApenna zakto'smi padAdavicalitaM padam / upadekSyAmi te zreyasrAtumarhati mAM bhavAn // 66-7 sakhA ca te bhaviSyAmi matsamo matsamo nAsti pannagaH / laghuzca te bhaviSyAmi zIghramAdAya gacchamAm // 66.8 evamuktvA sa nAgendro babhUvAGguSThamAtraka / taM gRhItvA nala:prAyAd dezaM dAvabivarjitama / 66.9 AkAzadezamAsAdya vimuktaM kRSNavartmanA / utsraSTukAmaM taM nAgaH punaH karkoTako'bravIna // 66.10 padAni gaNayan gaccha svAni naiSadha kAnicit / / tatra te'haM mahAbAho zreyo dhAsyathAmi yat varam // 66.11 (mahAbhArata) "he yudhiSThira, have naLarAjA damayaMtIno tyAga karIne gayo tyAre vanamAM moTo dAvAnaLa baLato hato. te joyA pachI teNe temAM koIe he pavitra yazavALA naLa, tuM jaladIthI doDa ema moTo zabda karyo. te sAMbhaLI tuM kaMI bhaya pAmato nahi ema sAmo uttara ApI teNe agnimAM praveza karyo. temAM gUMcaLuM vaLIne sUtelA nAgane joyo. te vakhate tharathara kAMpatA evA te nAge hAtha joDIne kahyuM ke he rAjanuM huM karkoTaka nAme nAga chuM. meM parama tapasvI nAradajIno chaLa karyo tethI temaNe krodhayukta thaI mane zApa Apyo ke he nAga, tuM jyAM sudhI naLa rAjA Ave tyAM sudhI vRkSanI peThe sthira rahIza. jyAre tane upADIne ahIMthI bIje ThekANe laI jaze tyAre mArA zApathI mukAIza. evI rIte mane nAradajIe zApa Apyo che mATe huM eka pagaluM paNa cAlavA samartha nathI. vAste tame A agnithI mArI rakSA karo. he naLarAjA huM tamane tamAruM zreya thAya evo upadeza karIza tathA sakhA thaIza. mArA sarakho koI paNa sarpa nathI. mATe huM tamArAthI UpaDI zake evuM nAnuM svarUpa dhAraNa karIza. vAste mane jaladIthI A agninI bahAra laI jAo, he yudhiSThira. e pramANe kahI karkoTaka nAge aMgUThAnA pravara jevaDuM sthAnaka nAnuM svarUpa dhAraNa karyuM. naLa rAjA 2jI ke sAhityadarzana

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tene laI tyAMthI agni vagaranA sthAnaka pratye gayo. pachI jyAre teNe agnithI mukAvelA nAgane tyAga karavAnI marajI karI tyAre karkoTaka pharIthI bolyo ke he niSadha dezanA rAjA naLa, tuM pRthvI upara thoDeka sudhI potAnAM pagalAM gaNatAM gaNita kara jethI huM tAruM zreya thAya ema karIza.' (bhASAMtara) suNa yudhiSThira mahArAja jI, kahe naLarAjAnuM kAjI, kAja kahuM naLa nRpataNuM suNe ho bhUpALa; tajI vanamAM tArUNI gayo kyAMhI nRpALa. IMka vanamAM gayo rAjA, dava baLato tyAMhI; 'naLa doDa' evo zabda suNiyo bhaya pAmIza nahi manamAMhi ema kahIne agnimAM paDyo naLa bhUpALa; phsAvALo nAga kaMpe kahe kADha hai dayALa. kakoMTaka che nAma mAruM meM chaLyo nArada munya; zApa dIdho temaNe haryuM mAruM sukha puNya. sthira rahIza ema bhAkhiyA, aTake naLano hAtha; uMcakIne laI jaze naLarAya tuMne sAtha. tyAre mukta thaIza tuM zApathI Ima nArade kahyuM vacana; cAlavA samartha nathI huM uMcaka he rAjana. agnithI rakSA karo, aho naLa nRpALa; huM zreya karIza kaI tAharuM vaLI mitra thaIza bhUpALa, muja samagra ko sarpa nahi, jo laghurUpa karuM huM rAya; agnithI laI bAra mUko kArya mAruM thAya. ajAtazatru sAMbhaLo, thayo karkoTaka laghurUpa; pravara jevaDuM svarUpa joI, harakhyo manamAM bhUpa, vanti vinAne sthAna cAlyo laI karamAM nAga; mUkavA mana kare rAjA, karkoTaka bolyo he mahAbhAga, niSadha dezanA rAyajI thoDI gati karo dayALa; zreya thAze tAharuM ima karIza huM bhUpALa. (kaDavuM 23 kaDI 1-12) (naLAkhyAna) ahIM bIjA sAmya uparAMta pravara' zabda ghaNo mahattvano che. mahAbhAratamAM e nathI. bhASAntarakAre e khoTo zabda vadhArAno mUkyo che tene anusarI 'naLAkhyAna'kAre paNa mUkyo che. bhAlaNanA kahevAtA bIjA 'naLAkhyAna'nuM pageruM 201

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10 yAni zilpAni loke'smin yaccaivAnyat suduSkaram / sarva yatiSye tatkartumutuparNa bharasva mAm // 67-4 vasa bAhuka bhadraM te sarvametat kariSyAmi / zIghrayAne sadA buddhirdhiyate me vizeSataH // sa tvamAtiSTha yogaM taM yena zIghrA hayA mama / bhaveyurazravAdhyakSo'si vetanaM te zataM zatAH // 67-6 mahAbhArata) huM A jagatamAM jeTalI jAtanAM zilpakAmo che te bIjA koIthI na banI zake evAM kAma vize paNa tamAre tyAM rahIne yatna karIza. mATe tame mAruM bharaNapoSaNa karo." RtuparNe kahyuM ke, he bAhuka 'tAruM kalyANa thAo ne huM tArA kahevA pramANe sarva karIza ema mane bharoso che. paNa mArA rathanA azvo ghaNA jaladIthI cAle evI mane buddhi sadaiva rahe che. mATe tuM jevI rIte mArA azvo ghaNA jaladIthI cAle evo upAya kara. huM tane eka mAsanA daza hajAranA sikkA pramANe pagAra ApIza." (bhASAMtara) zilpakAma jANe ami re, bIjAM jANuM ghaNAM huM kAma; bharapoSaNa karI rAkhazo re, to huM rahuM A bama. 24-5 tuparNa kahe sukhe raho re, managamatuM karIza kAja; paNa azva racanA cAle ghaNA re Ima karajo kahe ja. 24-6 daza sahasa niSka tujane re, huM ApuM prati mAsa; vAya Adi sArathi re, sahu thAze tArA ghasa. 24-7 (naLAkhyAna) ahIM bhASAntarakAre bhASAntaramAM eka mAsanA evA zabdo potAnA taraphathI umeryA, tene anusarI 'naLAkhyAnakAre paNa prati mAsa' zabdo mUkyA. A pachI RtuparNa bAhukane akSavidyA Ape che tyAMthI te aMta sudhI naLAkhyAnakAre daseka kaDImAM kathA ATopI lIdhI che eTale temAM bhASAntara sAthe kazuM sarakhAvavAnuM rahetuM nathI. A purAvA pachI 'naLAkhyAnakAre potAnI kRtinI racanA mahAbhAratanA A arvAcIna samayanA bhASAntara parathI karI che e vize koIne jarA sarakhI paNa zaMkA raheze nahi. 'naLAkhyAna'kAre kRtine prAcIna banAvavAno sabhAna prayatna karyo che (athavA emAM bIjA koInI madada levAI paNa hoya) e mATe sthaLethaLe sAcAMkhoTAM jUnAM zabdarUpo mUkyAM che. dareka kaDavAne aMte bhAlaNa prabhu raghunAtha' evA zabdo 202 - sAhityadarzana

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mUkyAM che. ekAda sthaLe lITI mULa pratamAM nathI (1015) ema paNa batAvyuM che eTaluM ja nahi, bRhat kAvyadohana'ne mATe taiyAra karI ApelI nakala te bIjI hastaprata 52thI che evuM batAvavA pAThAMtaro paNa upajAvI kADhyAM che ane 26 kaDavAM sudhI mahAbhArata pramANe barAbara kathA ApyA pachI AgaLa kathA laMbAvavA jatAM bIjAM cha-sAta kaDavAM rokavAM paDe ane bhAlaNanA samayamAM bhAlaNa ke enA samakAlIna bIjA kavie eTalI lAMbI racanA karI nathI mATe daseka kaDImAM kathA ATopI kaDavAMnI saMkhyA vadhatI aTakAvI che. Ama, utAvaLa karavAne mATe kadAca bIjuM bahA2nuM paNa koI kAraNa hoI zake paraMtu AvI chelle karelI utAvaLa tathA ekaMdare potAnI sAmAnya kakSAnI kRti che tene kAraNe bhAlaNane nAme A racanA karatI vakhate bhAlaNe 'naLAkhyAna'nI racanA karI che evI mAhitI A naLAkhyAnakA2 ane saMpAdakone hovI ja joIe ane eTalA mATe A bhAlaNanuM bIjuM naLAkhyAna che evI vAta vahetI mUkavAmAM Ave ane bIjI vAranI racanA karavA mATe kAraNa kalpI kADhavAmAM Ave to ja A kRti vize bahu zaMkA UbhI thAya nahi evo tarka temaNe doDAvyo lAge che. ane e tarka pote rajU kare tenAM karatAM kavinI kRtimAM ja, kavinA zabdomAM ja AvI jAya to te vadhAre pramANabhUta lekhAya mATe temaNe te mATe chellA kaDavAmAM evI paMktio yojI kADhI. AthI ja utAvaLathI kathA pUrI karyA pachI A chellA kaDavAnI racanAmAM nirAMta batAvAI che. A naLAkhyAna'nAM AgaLanAM badhAM kaDavAMnI zailI karatAM A kaDavAnI zailImAM prauDhI vadhAre jovA maLe che e parathI lAge che ke A chelluM lazrutinuM kaDavuM kadAca bIjI koI vyaktine hAthe lakhAyuM hoya. A chellA kaDavAmAM bhAlaNanAM ane premAnaMdanAM AkhyAnonI phaLazrutinA keTalAka zabdo goThavIne paMktio yojavAmAM AvI che evuM lAge che. Ama, bhAlaNanA kahevAtA bIjA 'naLAkhyAna'nuM kartRtva bhAlaNanuM nathI paNa arvAcIna samayanuM che ema AthI siddha thAya che. prAcIna kAvyamALA'mAM pragaTa thayelAM premAnaMdanAM kahevAtAM nATakonI banAvaTamAM saMDovAyelI vyaktiomAMnI eka vyakti te choTAlAla narabherAma bhaTTa che. tripAThI eNnDa kuM.e I. sa. 1888mAM pragaTa karela 'mahAbhArata'nA gujarAtI bhASAMtaramAM bhASAntarakAra tarIke choTAlAla narabherAma bhaTTanuM nAma che. bhAlaNanA kahevAtA bIjA naLAkhyAnanI racanA karanAra arvAcIna kavi-lekhake A bhASAMta2 potAnI najara samakSa rAkhyuM che. balke ekamAtra eno ja AdhAra lIdho che. AthI eka saMbhava evo che ke khuda choTAlAla narabherAma bhaTTe pote ja potAnA bhASAMtaranA AdhAre A banAvaTI naLAkhyAnanI racanA karI hoya ! bhAlaNanA kahevAtA bIjA naLAkhyAna'nuM pageruM 203

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10. vijayazekharakRta naladavadaMtI prabaMdha' kavinI vijayazekhara vikramanA sattaramA saikAnA eka samartha jaina kavi che. teo acalagacchanA hatA. jaina gurjara kaviomAM noMdha che te pramANe temaNe "kayatannA rAsa' (vairATapuramAM - saM. 1681), "sudarzana rAsa (saM. 1681), 'caMdralekhA copAI (navAnagaramAM - saM. 16 89), "traNa mitrakathA copAI' (rAjanagaramAM - saM. 1692), caMdarAjA copAI (bhinnamAla pAse mora nAmanA nagaramAM - saM. 16 94), RSidattA copAI bhinnamAlamAM - saM. 1717) tathA "gautamasvAmI laghu rAsa' vagere rAsakRtio uparAMta jJAtAsUtra bAlAva bodhanI racanA karI che. temaNe racelI ghaNIkarI kRtio haju aprakAzita che. paraMtu A eka rAsakRti "naladavadaMtI prabaMdha'nAM AdhAre paNa kahI zakAya ke temanI pAse kavitAnI racanA karavAnI zakti ghaNI sArI che. kavi vijayazekhara gaNie A "naladavadaMtI prabaMdha'nI racA vi. saM. 16 72mAM lAdrahApura (athavA pAThAMtara pramANe rADadrahApura)mAM phAgaNa vadamAM ravivArane divase pUrNa karI hatI. kavi pote rAsanI aMtima DhAlamAM lakhe che : solahasaI bihotara sAraI phAgaNa vadi ravivAraI be; suMdara UDU vizAkhA caMdaI. raciu saMbaMdha ANaMdaI be. rADakahApurA saMgha sobhAgI dIThA maI dhamarAgI be bhaNatAM suNatAM maMgalamAlA vijayazekhara suvighalA be 2ja ka sAhityadarzana

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kavi vijayazekharanI A AraMbhakALanI racanA jaNAya che. kavie A racanA lAhapura (athavA rADadrahapurA)mAM karI che. kavie rAsamAM nirdeza karyo che te pramANe A sthaLa marubhUmimAM - mAravADamAM AveluM che. vaLI A sthaLe mukhya jinamaMdiramAM goDI pArzvanAtha bhagavAnanI pratimA mULanAyaka tarIke che. goDI pArzvanAthanI pratimA mULa siMdhamAM goDa nAmanA nagaramAM hatI. eTale to e goDI pArzvanAtha tarIke oLakhAya che. te samayathI A pratimA atyaMta camatkArika manAya che. eTale kALanA pravAhamAM vibhinna kAraNone lIdhe e pratimAnuM sthaLAMtara thatuM rahyuM che. hAlamAM A pratimA banAsakAMThAmAM vAva nagaranA jinamaMdiramAM che.) eTale A pratimA jyAre lodrahapurAmAM haze tyAre kavie A rAsanI racanA karI hatI. A lodrahapurA te kayuM nagara ? e rAjasthAnamAM che e kavinA nirdeza parathI spaSTa ja che. rAsanA bIjA khaMDano AraMbha karatAM kavi lakhe che : zrI macchu maMDali guNanilau zrI guDI prabhu pAsa; paratApuraNa pragaTa mala seva kari sura jAsa. pahelA khaMDane aMte kavi lakhe che: saMgha lATidvahanuM dIpatao e zrI guDI pAsa prasAdI sukha saMtAna dharaI raIM e kamalAvAsasavAdi. rAsamAM eka sthaLe lATidraha ane bIje sthaLe rADadrahapurA evo ullekha thayo che. A rAsanI eka ja hastaprata maLatI hovAthI pAThAMtaro ane adhikRta vAcanAno prazna rahe che. paraMtu lATidrahapura eTale jesalamera pAsenuM loDhavA haze ke kema evo prazna thAya. vadhu mAhitI maLatAM enA upara vizeSa prakAza paDI zake. kavie A racanA vikrama saMvata 1672mAM karI che. kavie racanA sAla tathA mAsa, pakSa, vAra ane nakSatra paNa jaNAvyAM che. paraMtu rAsanI A paMktiomAM tithi jaNAvI nathI. kavi tithino nirdezana na kare evuM bane nahi. rAsanI bIjI hastaprata maLe to tithi vize nirNaya thaI zake. alabatta, jyotiSazAstrano AdhAra laI varSa, mAsa, pakSa, vAra ane nakSatra uparathI paNa tithi nIkaLI zake. - kavi pote acalagacchanAM che. je samaye rAjasthAnamAM kharataragacchanuM jora vadhAre hatuM te samaye kavie rAjasthAnamAM rahIne A rAsanI racanA karI che. kavie rAsamAM dareka khaMDane aMte potAnA dAdAguru zrI kalyANasAgarasUrino nirdeza karyo che ane potAnA guru zrI vivekazekhara gaNino ullekha karyo che. kavie zrI kalyANasAgarasUrithI potAnA sudhInI pAraparaMparA nathI ApI, paNa potAnA guru zrI vivekazakharane zrI kalyANasAgarasUrinA pakSanA-samudAyanA tarIke oLakhAve che. kavie zrI vizvakazekhara gaNinA guru vAcaka zrI satyazekharano ullekha phakta eka vijayaze barakRta naladavadatI prabaMdha' 205

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ja vakhata rAsamAM karyo che ane te bIjA khaMDane aMte anya sAdhano dvArA temanI guruparaMparA A pramANe jANavA maLe che. velarAja-lAbha-zekhara-kamalazekharasatyazekhara-vivekazekharavijayazekhara (aMcalagaccha digdarzana pR.490) kavie potAnA nAmano ullekha pratyeka DhALane aMte karyo che. emAM keTaleka sthaLe muni tarIke ane ekAda sthaLe bIjA khaMDanI pAMcamI DhAlane aMte) gaNi tarIke ullekha thayo che. A uparathI jaNAya che ke kavine A rAsanI racanA vakhate gaNinI padavI maLI cUkI hatI. sAmAnya rIte dIkSA pachathI daseka varSe gaNinI padavI apAya che. e uparathI jaNAya che ke vi. saM. 1672mAM kavinA dIkSA paryAyanAM ochAmAM ochAM daseka varSa thayAM haze. kadAca tethI vadhu paNa thayAM hoya. A rAsa racanAnI prauDhi jotAM paNa lAge che ke kavie A racanA pUrve ThIka ThIka zAstrAbhyAsa karI lIdho haze! kavi vijayazekharanA jIvana vize kazI mAhitI maLatI nathI. teo acalagacchamAM zrI kalyANasAgarasUrinI paraMparAmAM thaI gayA. zrI vijayazekhara bahu abhyAsI kavi hatA. vaLI temanA gurubaMdhu zrI bhAvazekhara paNa sArA kavi hatA. bhAvokhare potAnI rAsakRti "rUpasena RSirAsa' (navAnagaramAM saM. 16 83)mAM aMte prazastimAM RNasvIkAra karatAM lakhyuM che : "vijayazekhara sAhija miliu, tiNi karI joDI abhaMga re." gaNi vijayazekhare A rAsamAM AraMbhamAM ke aMta bhAgamAM pote A kRtinI racanA mATe kayA graMthano AdhAra lIdho teno kazo nirdeza karyo nathI. sAmAnya rIte jaina pAMDavapurANamAM athavA nemicaritramAM aMtargata rahelI naladavadatInI kathAno AdhAra jaina paraMparAnA kavio letA rahyA che. kavi vijayazekhare evo koI graMthano AdhAra lIdho haze athavA purogAmI kavinI rAsakRtino AdhAra lIdho haze. paraMtu temaNe evo koI ullekha potAnI rAsakRtimAM karyo nathI. kavinA samayamAM rAsanuM kAvya svarUpa ThIka ThIka vikAsa pAmyuM hatuM. sattaramAM saikAmAM naladavadaMtInA kathAnaka vize cha-sAta rAsakRtio sAMpaDe che. e uparathI jaNAya che ke e jamAnAmAM sukhaduHkhanI ghaTanAothI sabhara evuM A rasika kathAnaka ghaNuM lokapriya banI gayuM haze. kavie A sudIrgha rAsakRtimAM naladavadatInI kathAne, jaina paraMparAnI mULa kathAne barAbara vaphAdAra rahIne varNavI che. jaina paraMparAnI naLadevadatInI kathAmAM naLa ane davadaMtInA pUrva bhavanI vAta paNa Ave che ane naLadevadatInA pachInA bhavanI paNa vAta Ave che. kavie e rIte samagra kathAnuM savigata nirUpaNa A 206 ke sAhityadarzana

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rAsanA cAra khaMDanI sattAvana DhAlamAM sADA agiyArasothI vadhu kaDImAM karyuM che. kavi vijayazekhare A rAsakRtimAM kozalA nagarI, niSadha rAjA, rANI lAvaNyasuMdarI, naLakumAra, Dinapura, bhImarAjA, puSpadaMtI rANI, davadaMtI kuMvarI svayaMvara maMDapa, jinamaMdiramAM stuti, svayaMvara maMDapamAM AvelI davadaMtI, naLa rAjA ane bIjA rAjAonuM sakhIe kareluM varNana, naLa-davatInA lagna, davadaMtIne vidAya, kuMDinapuramAM AvakAra, niSadha rAjAnI nivRti, naLa ane kUbara vacce dhUta ane naLano parAjaya, vanamAM vicaravuM, naLa-davadaMtInuM chUTA paDavuM, naLanuM kadarUpA thavuM, dadhiparNa rAjAne tyAM rahevuM, davadatInuM RtuparNa rAjAne tyAM rahevuM, davadaMtInI bhALa, banAvaTI svayaMvara, naLakavadaMtInuM milana, naLe rAjya pAchuM meLavavuM ItyAdi ghaTanAo vistArathI rasika rIte AlekhI che. kavie kathAnakanA prasaMgo vividha DhAlamAM varNavyA che. vacce vacce prasaMgone sAMkaLatI kaDIo duhAmAM lakhI che. kavie e rIte prasaMga, pAtra, ityAdinA varNanane yathAyogya nyAya Apyo che. madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM AkhyAnakAra ke rAsakAra kavionI eka lAkSaNikatA e rahetI ke teonI kRti loko samakSa gAvA mATe lakhAtI. vaLI kathAnaka moTuM hoya ane tethI kRti moTI hoya to tenI rajUAta eka karatAM vadhu divasa cAlatI. vaLI temAM kavi pote athavA emanI kRti rajU karanAra koI kathAkAra enI rajUAta bahelAvIne karatA ane kyAreka samayanA abhAve saMkSepa paNa karatA. AthI kathAvRttAntanA prakAranI AvI kAvyakRtiomAM AraMbhamAM prasaMgonuM ke pAtronuM nirUpaNa rasika ane savistara thatuM ane kyAreka chevaTanA bhAgamAM nirUpaNa saMkSepamAM thatuM ke tema karavuM paDatuM. kyAreka to evuM paNa thatuM ke AkhI kathAnI jene pUrI khabara hoya tene ja pAchaLanA bhAgamAM thayelo saMkSepa samajAto athavA AkhyAna ke rAsa rajU karatI vakhate kathA vRttAntano khUTato e bhAga kathAkAra pote maukhika rIte samajAvI detA. AthI vAcakane kathA vRttAntanI khabara che ema mAnIne kathAkAra kyAMka kyAMka saMkSepa karI letA, to kyAMka kyAMka ajANatAM paNa evo saMkSepa thaI jato. kavi vijyazekharanI A rAsakRtimAM keTaleka sthaLe evuM thayuM che. u.ta. dadhiparNa rAjA ane kubaja (naLa) rathamAM besIne kuMDinapura AvatA hoya che. tyAre rastAmAM potapotAnI vidyA ekabIjAne Ape che e prasaMganuM varNana phakta be ja lITImAM emaNe karyuM che. juo : kla pADI gaNatI karI saMkhyA kubaji nAma, akilA daI rAI naI, gaNitakalA laI vAma. evI ja rIte naLadavatInuM punarmilana thAya che e prasaMge piMgaLadeva AvIne vijayazekharaskRta 'naladavadatI prabaMdha' 207

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suvarNavRSTi kare che e ghaTanA kavi jANe samAvI levA mATe varNavatA hoya tema be leTImAM mUkI de che : deva AvI caraNe namI, bhIsI guNa gAMI kanakadhAra koDi sAta e varasI sUra jAI. kavinI varNanazailI ghaNI vAra paraMparAnusArI rahI che. nagara, sarovara, pAtra ke prasaMga bahalAvIne rasika banAvavAnI kalA kavine hastagata che. rAsanA AraMbhamAM kozalAnagarInuM varNana karatAM kavi lakhe che : avasari varasaI megha apAra suhaNi navi jANi kAMtarA; . sasya taNI bahulI tihAM vRddhi lokataNaI dhari ehI riddhi. kalimasAli rakhavAlaNa bhaNI, gopavadhU dhasaIM ati ghaNI; gAvaI sakharAM gIta rasAla paMthi suNivA rihi tiNi tAli. gokulanA tihAM dIsaI vRMda kAmadudhA pari khIranI aMda; gaMgAnadI pramukha jalAma vAvi kUpa saravara abhirAma, naLakumAranuM varNana karatAM kavi paraMparaprApta upamAo prayoje che : jasa locana kamalanI opamAM valI aradha caMda sama bhAla re; suka caMcu sarikhI nAsikA kapola kahuM ati lAla re. mukha dIpadaM pUraNa caMdalao nyUna grIvA trirekha vicAla reca kaMbu kaTha atihiM sohAmaNo bhUjadaMDa hRdaya visAla re. AvI ja rIte davadaMtInA varNanamAM paNa paraMparAnusArI upamAo kavie prayojI che. thoDIka paMktio juo : veNI daDa ati haI sohAmaNo kADho saralo ati joe re. dharaNIdhara Avila ho joIvA 208 ke sAhityadarzana

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mastaki maNiyA misa Topa re. nilavaTI ami siMsa opamA locana aNiyAlAM jANi re; suka caMcu sarakhI nAsikA daMtapati sumotI khANI re. * kaeNTi laMkaI atiu ho kesarI ura kadalI pari zrIkAra re; caraNa kanakanA kAchibA nakharAM nAraMga udAra re. kavie A rAsamAM keTalAka prasaMgonA nirUpaNamAM ke pAtranA AlekhanamAM alaMkArayukta vANI prayojI che. upamA-rUpakAdi alaMkAro temAM vizeSa jovA maLe che. rAsanI AraMbhanI kaDIomAM ja cAra prakAranA dharmamAM zIladharmano mahimA batAvatAM kavi lakhe che : pumAMhi araviMda jiuM, mRga mAMhi jima siMha noM mAMhi jima cakrapati, iMdra surA mAMhi lIha, nadI mAMhi gaMga bhalI, garuDa pakSi mAMhi sAra gaja mAMhi erAvaNa bhalau, hema dhAtu mAMhi dhAra sAdhu mAMhi zrI vIra jina; graha gaNa mAMhi soma jyotidvaMta mAMhi dinakara vastra mAMhi jima khyoma cihuM dharama mAMhi suMdara sIla vaDau vayarAga. rANI lAvaNyasuMdarI jyAre garbhavatI bane che tyAre enuM varNana karatAM kavi sarasa upamA prayoje che : sIpoDI siprAmAM kahI muttAphsa jiuM, dharatI re sUtra aratha gupta TIkA 52 i nRpayitA garabha vaheMti re. davadaMtInuM varNana karatAM kavi upamA, utprekSA, vyatireka vagere alaMkAro prayoje che, jemAM kavinI maulikatA karatAM prAcIna paraMparAnuM anukaraNa vizeSa jovA maLe che. coTalA mATe nAganI, bhAla mATe caMdramAnI, nAka mATe popaTanI cAMcanI ane kaTi mATe siMhanI kiTanI upamA bIjA kavionI jema A kavinA varNanamAM paNa jovA maLe che. svayaMvara maMDapamAM AvelI davadaMtInuM varNana karatAM kavi sarasa utprekSAo prayoje che : vijayazekharaskRta 'naladavadaMtI prabaMdha' 209

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veNIdaMDa kusumi karI guMphita parimala karI visAlA re jANe mukha sisa sevA phAI AvI nakSatranI mAlA re. * nayana kali aMjananI rehA, jANe madhukarI AI mastaka maNimaya rAkhaDI opaI khIMTalA nigodara bhArI re. madhyakAlIna jaina kavionI eka lAkSaNikatA e jovA maLe che ke teomAMnA ghaNAkharA saMgItanA sArA jANakAra hatA. sArA kavi thavuM hoya ane sarasa madhura gItanI racanA karavI hoya to saMgItanA jJAnanI AvazyakatA rahe che. evI mAnyatA tyAre rUDha hatI. potAnA koI ziSyane sa2sa gItaracanA karatAM AvaDe che ema jaNAtAM guru bhagavaMto emane saMgItanuM zikSaNa apAvavA saMgha dvArA prabaMdha karAvatA. kavi vijayazekhare A rAsamAM DhAlanA AraMbhamAM je judI judI dezIonA namUnA ApyA che te jotAM tathA je vividha prakAranI rAgarAgiNIo prayojI che te jotAM teo zAstrIya saMgItanA acchA jANakAra haze evI spaSTa pratIti thAya che. A rAsamAM temaNe rAmagirI, gauDI, vairADI, kedAra, yaMtazrI, rAme2I, sAraMga, soraTha, velAula, dhanyAsI, AzAvarI, malhAra, mAru, siMdhuDo, rAjavallabha ityAdi rAgamAM DhAlonI racanA karI che. kavino rAga-prema eTalo utkaTa che ke ghaNI karI DhAlanI aMtima kaDImAM teo pote te DhAla kayA rAgamAM prayojI che teno nirdeza paNa kare che. kavie prayojelAM rAga-rAgiNI ane tatkAlIna pracalita dezIo jotAM jaNAya che ke kavie temAM paNa ghaNuM sAruM vaividhya ANavAno stutya prayAsa karyo che. e jamAnAmAM rAsakRti ghaNuMkharuM gAvA mATe lakhAtI. eTale enI rajUAtamAM saMgItanI dRSTie ThIka ThIka vaividhya hoya e iSTa hatuM. A rAsakRtimAM paNa e jovA maLe che. naLadavadaMtI vize RSivardhanasUri, guNavinaya, samayasuMdara, mahIMrAja, vagerenI kRtio sAthe kavi vijyazekharanI A kRti sarakhAvatAM enI eka lAkSaNikatA e jovA maLe che ke kavi vijayazekhare rAsanA prathama khaMDamAM ja naLadavadaMtInuM pAtrAlekhana karatAM teo baMnene jinamaMdiramAM jaI pUjA karI caityavaMdana karatAM varNavyA che ane e prasaMge eka eka AkhI DhAla stutinA prakAranI, stavana jevI racI che. nalakumAra svayaMvaramAM jatAM pahelAM nAhIne, zuddha vastra paherIne, jinamaMdiramAM jaIne AdinAtha bhagavAnanI pUjA karyA pachI stuti kare che te prasaMge kavi lakhe che : 210 * sAhityadarzana

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AdIzvara alavesarU jIvana jJadAnaMda arihaMta nAbhicayA kula maMDana zrI jina nayaNAnaMda arihaMta samaratha sAhiba sAMbhalau sevakanI aradAsa arihaMta mahira karau pAe paDauM dIji avicala vAsa arihaMta. jaya jaya ciMtAmaNi samau jayatu jJAdhAra; jaya tribhovana cUDAmaNijaya janaraMjanakAra. jaya sivapura ratha sArIkha jaya atiu bhaTa kAma jaya nikAraNa vachalU jayatu guNanau zrama jaya mugatiraNIvaru jaya khaTa jIva kRpAla jaya chedita janama jarA, jaya prabhu jyoti jhamAla. AvI ja rIte, jyAre svayaMvara maMDapanI taiyArI thaI jAya che ane deza-dezanA rAjAo padhAre che. te vakhate davadaMtI jinamaMdiramAM jAya che ane zAMtinAtha bhagavAnanI pUjA-stuti kare che. kavi lakhe che : zAMtisara sukha puraNau supri svAmI ho mArI arahmasa kRpA karau majha uparauM pUrijaI ho mana karI Asa. tuM jagatAraNa adhipati tujha samavaDi ho navi Avi koI, tuM duHkhiyAM duHkhabhaMjaNa sukhIyAMnaI sukha puraI loya. tuM nIcagI niramalau tujha setI ho maI joI prIti; sArikhI kara mAharA sapaNanI ho e uttama rIti. Apayo maja karuNA karI deva darisana ho tuja bhavibhAvi sAra; jimana zivalIlA pAmIya IM sujha dhyAnaIM ho sukhanau nahi pAra. Ama stavananA prakAranI A baMne DhAla jotAM khuda kavinA bhaktibhAvanI paNa pratIti thAya che. kavi vijayazekharanI anya kRtio haju aprakAzita che. paNa A be DhAla jotAM spaSTa pratIti thaze ke kavi vijayazekhara eka uttama stavanakAra che. eTale emaNe stavananA prakAranI anya svataMtra racanAo karI hoya e taddana svAbhAvika che. vijayazekharaskRta naladavadaMtI prabaMdha' 211

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madhyakAlIna gujarAtI kavitAmAM dharmopadezanuM tattva sahaja rIte vaNAyeluM rahyuM che. jaina kavio zasakRti jevI dIrgha prakAranI racanA karatA hoya to temAM prasaMgane anulakSIne dharmopadezanuM tattva vaNI le e svAbhAvika che. kyAMka e kavinI potAnI ukti tarIke rajU thayuM hoya to kyAMka guru bhagavaMtAdi bIjA pAtrane upadeza ApatA hoya evI rIte rajU thayuM hoya. kavi vijayazekharanI A kRtimAM paNa evI keTalIka dharmopadezanI paMktio prasaMgopAtta jovA maLe che. emAMthI thoDAMka udAharaNa juo : dharama mAMhi dhUri sadA, dAna dharama kahivAya; dAnaI ghelati pAmIya hai saba upagAra suhAya. Azrama pAMca phudhI karI. krodha mani yodha saMhAra re viSaya unamAda te chAMDatAM. hosaI tujha karati sAra re. pravacanamAta AThe dhare upasama rasa guNa khaNi re mAyA mamatA savi parihare parIsaha sahi sukha jori re. maNuya bhava vila hari kisiuM sIla sanAha piharI aMgi re karama taNA zatru jIpiyA udyama para thAe regi re madhyakAlIna gujarAtI kavioe, vizeSataH jaina kavioe potAnI racanAmAM, tatkAlIna musalamAna rAjyanI asarane pariNAme, phArasI zabda to prayojyAM che, paraMtu keTalAka kavioe to ekAda gIta ke AkhI DhAlanI racanA tatkAlIna lokapracalita bhASAmAM karI che. kavi AnaMdaghanajI, yazovijayajI, samayasuMdara, vIravijayajI vagerenI jema kavi vijayazekhare paNa A rAsamAM evI DhAlano prayoga karyo che. udAharaNa tarIke cothA khaMDanI dasamI DhAla e rIte prayojelI jovA maLaze. naLa ane davadatI rAjyasukha bhogavyA pachI dIkSA le che. paraMtu naLathI jyAre e dIkSAnuM pAlana thatuM nathI te vakhate devalokamAM deva thayelA naLanA pitA niSadhadeva AvIne naLane je zikhAmaNa Ape che tenuM varNana kavie phArasInI chAMTavALI tatkAlIna lokabhASAmAM sacoTa rIte AlekhyuM che. u. ta. nIcenI paMktio juo : 212 sAhityadarzana

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putA be kisakA lAvA bhAI, kisakA mIta vakhANIzuM; kisakI amA bhaINi, kisakI jorU jANInaI. purA be Adara saMyama bhAra, samarasa saravari khelaNA; purA be paTakAyakuMbhI pAli, hoNA sugurukA celaNA. vikramanA sattaramA zatakanA uttarArdhamAM nala-davadaMtInuM kathAnaka gujarAtarAjasthAnamAM ghaNuM lokapriya banI gayuM haze. ema e kALamAM lakhAyelI saMkhyAbaMdha rAsakRtio uparathI jaNAya che. vi. saM. 1612mAM mahIrAje, 1664mAM megharAje, 1665mAM nayasuMdare, 1665mAM guNavinave, 167ramAM vijayazekhare, 1673mAM samayasuMdare, 16 83mAM nArAyaNe naladavadaMtI vize rAsakRtinI racanA karI che. aDhAramA zatakamAM paNa saMkhyAbaMdha racanAo thaI che. jenetara paraMparAmAM aDhAramAM zatakamAM premAnaMdanuM naLAkhyAna' paNa kavitanAM ucca zikharo sara kare che. Ama paMdarathI aDhAramAM sathakamAM jaina-jainetara kaviomAM naLakathAnuM AkarSaNa ghaNuM moTuM rahyuM che. navAInI vAta to e che ke saM. 1664, 1665, 1672 ane 1673 jeTalA najIka najIkanAM kALamAM eka ja vistAramAM kavioe A eka ja viSayanI rAsakRtinI racanA karI che. sudIrgha rAsakRtinI racanA karatAM ThIka ThIka samaya paNa lAge. vaLI kaviono ekabIjA upara prabhAva paNa paDe. e rIte vijayazekharanI A kRti upara samakAlIna ane pUrvakAlIna kaviono prabhAva paDyo che. kavi samayasuMdarano prabhAva vijayazekhara upara paDato hoya ema jaNAya che, kAraNa ke samayasuMdare anya ghaNI rAsakRtionI racanA to ghaNI vahelI karI hatI ane teo samartha rAsakavi hatA. vijayazekharanA rAsanI A hastapratamAM to tyAM sudhI pheraphAra thayelo che ke samayasuMdaranI "kara saMvAdanI paMkti lahIAe emAM vacce umerI dIdhI che. kavi vijayazekhare anya kaviono prabhAva jhIlyo hovA chatAM temanI potAnI maulika kavitvazaktinI pratIti A rAsamAM sthaLe sthaLe thAya che. naladavadatI vizenA sAhityamAM e rIte kavi vijayazekharanuM A rAsakRti dvArA mahattvanuM pradAna rahyuM vijayazekharakata naladavadatI prabaMdha kara 213

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11 phAguno kAvyaprakAra prakRtinI lIlA aparaMpAra che. manuSyajIvananA ghaDataramAM prakRtinAM tattvo paNa mahattvanA paribaLa tarIke kAma kare che. manuSyanI cAmaDIno varNa, AMka, nAka, kAna, vALa sahita manuSyanI mukhAkRti, zarIrano bAMdho ane UMcAI vagere to prakRtinA niyama pramANe, sthaLa ane kALanI paristhiti anusAra rahe che. manuSyanI AMtarika cetanAnA prAdurbhAva ane vikAsano AdhAra paNa keTaleka aMze prakRti para rahe che. kudaratamAM Rtucakro enA krama pramANe cAle che. sUrya, caMdra, nakSatro, vAyu, vAdaLAM potapotAnA niyama pramANe kAma kare che ane eno prabhAva manuSya jhIle che. RtuonuM parivartana niyamAnusAra thAya che. pratyeka Rtu enA svAbhAvika svarUpamAM sohAmaNI che. Rtuparivartana thatAM, navI RtunuM Agamana thatAM mAnavacittamAM ullAsa janma che. varSa, zItalatA, uSNatA enA naisargika sahaja kramika svarUpamAM AvakArya bane che, ullAsapreraka thAya che, paNa enI atizayatAmAMthI mukta thavAnuM manuSyane mana thAya che. atizayatA kyAreka saMhAraka svarUpa paNa dhAraNa kare che. | RtuomAM vasaMtaRtune RtuonA rAjA tarIke gaNavAmAM Ave che. gItAmAM kahyuM che : RtunAM sumAra:manuSyanI pravRttione sthagita karI nAkhanArI asahya ThaMDI pachI vAtAvaraNamAM jyAre dhIme dhIme uSNatAno saMcAra thAya che tyAre mANasanuM mana AnaMdathI nAcI UThe che. ziyALAmAM vRkSo parathI pAMdaDAM kharavA lAge che. paraMtu vasaMtaRtunuM Agamana thatAM vRkSo navapallavita thavA lAge che. vanarAji khIle che. keTalAMka puSpo to A Rtu daramiyAna maghamaghe che. A pramaMjarInI tIvra sugaMdha cittane bharI de che. koyala enAthI prabhAvita thaI Akho vakhata TahukAra kare temAM navAI nathI. vasaMtaRtunA vAyumAM ane enA saMcAramAM ja kaMIka anokhuM tattva che je cittane 214 : sAhityadarzana

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harI le che. vAtAvaraNa praphullita ane protsAhita banI jAya che. pakSIono madhura kalarava emAM umero kare che. bhAratIya upakhaMDamAM phAgaNa ane caitra mAsa vasaMtaRtunA mahinA tarIke gaNAyA che. mahAsuda pAMcamane vasaMtapaMcamI tarIke oLakhAvavAmAM Ave che. sUryanA rAzisaMkramaNa anusAra, zivarAtri pachI vasaMtaRtu enA zreSTha svarUpe phAgaNamAM jovA maLe che. jagatanA bhinna bhinna dezomAM potapotAnA samayAnusAra vasaMtaRtunA Agamanane vadhAvavAmAM Ave che. koI prajA evI nathI ke jyAM vasaMtaRtuno utsava UjavAto na hoya. koI sAhitya evuM nathI ke jemAM vasaMta vize kavitA na lakhAI hoya. 'vasaMta' nAmano eka zAstrIya rAga paNa che. bhAratIya sAhityamAM AraMbhathI ja Rtuone mahattvanuM sthAna apAyuM che. kavitAmAM RtuvarNana thAya che ane RtuvarNana vize svataMtra kAvyo paNa lakhAya che. saMskRta sAhityamAM kAlidAsanuM RtusaMhAra' enuM suprasiddha udAharaNa che. kavitA yuge yuge judA judA svarUpe AviSkAra pAme che. keTalAka pratibhAsaMpanna kavio svarUpalakSI koIka navatara prayoga kare che ane e kAvyarasikomAM dhyAnArha banatAM bIjA kavio ene anusare che. teo badhA navI navI siddhio Akhave che ane e rIte eka navA kAvya-prakArano yuga pravarte che. pharI navI sAmAjika, rAjakIya, dhArmika, Arthika vagere prakAranI paristhitinA saMdarbhamAM vaLI navA tejasvI kaviono navo yuga zarU thAya che ane jUnAM kAvyasvarUpono yuga asta pAme che. eka ja ghareDamAM baMdhAI gayelAM, jUnAM thaI gayelAM, ghasAI gayelAM, lapaTAM paDI gayelAM, camatkRtivihIna banI gayelAM kAvyasvarUpomAM navI prajAne, navA kavione tathA navA bhAvakone rasa na paDe e kudaratI che. kAvyasarjananA kSetre navInatA ane kAlagrastatAnI A prakriyA niraMtara cAlatI rahe che. alabatta, keTalAMka kAvyasvarUpone jIrNatA jaladI lAgatI nathI. kavitA tarIke je kavitA zreSTha che te jUnI thatI nathI. madhyakAlIna gUrjara sAhityamAM (gujarAtI ane rAjasthAnImAM vasaMtaRtune anulakSIne je eka kAvyaprakAra khIlyo te 'phAgukAvya' che. vikramanA caudamA zatakathI aDhAramA-ogaNIsamA zataka sudhImAM A kAvyaprakAra ThIka ThIka vikAsa pAmyo. emAM vividha prakAranA prayogo thayA. keTalAka uttama kavione hAthe lakhAyelI zreSTha manohara kAvyakRtio ApaNane A yugamAM sAMpaDI che, jemAM kAvyatattvanI dRSTie eka zreSTha kRti te suprasiddha 'vasaMtavilAsa' che. #gukAvyo lagabhaga doDhaso jeTalAM ApaNane prApta thayAM che. bIjAM paNa maLavAno saMbhava che. emAMnA ghaNAkharA kavioe pote ja potAnA kAvyane 'phAgu' phAguno kAvyaprakAra # 215

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athavA "phAga' tarIke oLakhAvyuM che. eTale A kAvyasvarUpanA nAmakaraNa vize koI saMdigdhatA ke vivAda nathI. vaLI kavionA potAnA manamAM paNa A kAvyaprakAra vize nizcita khyAla baMdhAI gayelo che. vasaMtatratune nimitte phAgukAvyo lakhAyAM che ane vasaMtaRtumAM sauthI mahattvano mAsa te phAgaNa che. phAgaNa suda pUrNimA e hoLIno utsava eTale ke vasaMtaRtunI parAkASThA. baphAgu' ane "phAgaNa' e be zabdo vaccenA sAmyane kAraNe ane e be vaccenA saMbaMdhane kAraNe phAgu' zabda 'phAgaNa' uparathI Avyo haze evuM anumAna karavA koI prerAya, paraMtu vidvAno batAve che te pramANe phAgu' zabda dezya zabda phagga parathI Avyo che. phAgaNa mATe saMskRtamAM phAlgana' zabda che ane e mahinAnA nakSatra mATe "phAlganI' zabda atyaMta prAcIna kALathI lokonI bhASAmAM ane vAlmamAM pracalita che. phAgaNa mahinAmAM, vasaMtaRtumAM gItanRtyAdi sAthe utsava manAvavAnI praNAlikA paNa prAcIna kALathI cAlI Ave che. "daDapAtA phAlganI' evo ullekha "amarakozamAM che, eTale phAlvanI nakSatramAM "daMDapAta thAya che. A daMDapAta' eTale ? khagoLavidyAno koI pAriSASika zabda che ? athavA daMDa eTale dAMDiyo. eTale hoLInA divasomAM dAMDiyA vaDe ramAya che evo artha kadAca thato haze. AdivAsIomAM paNa hoLInA utsavanI evI praNAlikA che. eTale phAgaNaphAlvana mahinA sAthe "phAgu'ne saMbaMdha che e nirvivAda che, paraMtu vyutpattinI daSTie phAgu' zabda kevI rIte Avyo tenI vicAraNA thayelI che. prAkRta sAhityamAM "phAgu' zabda eka viziSTa kAvyaprakAranA arthamAM vaparAyelo jovA maLato nathI. saMskRtamAM "phaltha' zabda paNa che. phalga eTale 'vasaMta'. enA bIjA judA artha che: "halakuM, nirarthaka', "nAnuM, "asAra', 'eka nadInuM nAma. paraMtu vidvAno mAne che ke philtha' zabda eTalo prAcIna nathI. hemacaMdrAcArye dezInAmamAlAmAM "gu zabda vasaMtotsavanA arthamAM Apyo che. emaNe lakhyuM che "pha-- mahucchaNe....' phagga eTale madhu utsava arthAt vasaMtotsava, bhoje "sarasvatI kaMThAbharaNamAM paNa "phanga' zabda madhu-utsavanA arthamAM prayojyo che. paraMtu hemacaMdrAcArye ke bhoje "phugga' eTale eka viziSTa kAvyaprakAra evo artha Apyo nathI. eTale ke hemacaMdrAcAryanA samayamAM, vikramanI bAramI-teramI zatAbdImAM vasaMtotsava vize kAvyo lakhAtAM haze, paNa 'phAgu' nAmano viziSTa kAvyaprakAra tyAre pracalita thayo nahi hoya. "lyu' zabdano eka artha thAya che "halakuM. keTalAMka azlIlatAmAM sarI paDelAM phAgu halakAM prakAranAM gaNAya che. eTale phAgu eTale halakuM evo artha karIne e zabda "z' parathI Avyo haze evuM anumAna karAya che. paNa evA anumAnamAM 216 sAhityadarzana

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tarkasaMgatatA nathI. emAM durAkRSTatA jaNAya che. - "phAguno eka artha 'vasaMta' thAya che ane eka artha jemAM vasaMtotsava varNavAyo che evuM kAvya" paNa thAya che. phAgu athavA phAga zabda hoLInAM zRMgArI, azlIla gIto mATe ane bIbhatsa apazabdo mATe paNa vaparAya che. "zagu' uparathI phagavo' eTale ke hoLIno gherayo evo artha Avyo che, ane hoLI mATe rakama ke cIjavastu ugharAvAya te mATe tathA te parva dine dhANIcaNA vaheMcAya te mATe paNa vaparAyo che. phAgu' uparathI rAjasthAnI-hiMdImAM "phaguA' (hoLInA utsavamAM apAtI cIjavastu ke saMbhaLAvavAmAM AvatuM azlIla gIta), "phaguAnA' raMga chAMTavo athavA azlIla ati gAvuM, phaguhArA (choLI khelanAra ke gIta gAnAra puruSa) vagere judA judA zabdo pracalita thayelA che. kyAMkathI pAchA pharatAM akAraNa vilaMba thayo hoya to phAga ramavA gayA hatA ?' evo kaTAkSayukta rUDhiprayoga paNa vaparAya che. Ama 'phAgu' athavA "phAga' zabda kAvyanA eka prakAranA arthamAM rUDha thayo te pUrve vasaMtaRtu, hoLI, azlIla gIta vagerenA arthamAM e pracalita rahyo haze. vartamAna kALamAM paNa te pracalita jaNAya che. 'Aguno kAvyaprakAra geyatvathI sabhara che. Ama joIe to madhyakAlIna kavitA mukhyatve geya prakAranI rahI che. je jamAnAmAM mudraNakalA nahotI ane moMghI hastaprato sarvasulabha nahotI te jamAnAmAM koIka vAMce ane bIjAone te saMbhaLAve evI prathA anivArya hatI. eve vakhate laMbAvIne dIrgha svare gavAtI kavitA sAMbhaLanArane jo sahelAIthI samajAya to ene emAM rasa paDe ane ene yAda rAkhavAnuM. kaMThastha karavAnuM mana thAya ane te saraLa bane. gAvAthI kavitAnA saMkramaNanuM pramANa vadhAre rahe che. - phAguno kAvyaprakAra UrmipradhAna che. eTale emAM geyatva naisargika rIte Ave ja. phAgukAvyo madhyakAlIna yugamAM gavAtAM e spaSTa che. mANasa ekalo paNa gAya ane samUhamAM paNa gAya. phAgukAvyo gavAtAM, gAvA mATe ja lakhAtAM, gAvA sAthe khelavA-ramavAnI pravRtti paNa thatI ane evI pravRtti vAjiMtro sAthe sAmUhika utsavarUpe paNa thatI - evA vivida ullekho madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM jovA maLe che. ekanuM eka phagakAvya mANasa ekalo paNa gAI zake ane samUhamAM paNa gAI zake; nRtya vagara gAI zake ane nRtya karatAM karatAM, ramatAM ramatAM paNa gAI zake; nRtya samaye vAjiMtro paNa vagADI zake ane vAjiMtra vagara paNa nRtya karI zake. nRtya vartuLAkAre tALIo sAthe garabAnI jema ghUmIne karAya, dAMDiyA sAthe karAya ane judAM judAM jUtha ke joDImAM paNa judI judI rIte karI zakAya. je gavAya te ramAya phAguno kAvyaprakAra 217

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nahi athavA je ramAya te phakta gAI na zakAya evI koI bhedarekhA nahotI. gAvuM, ramavuM ane vartuLAkAre dAMDiyA sAthe ramavuM - emAM trIjAmAM pahelA beno samAveza thaI jAya che. Ama chatAM kavioe pote potAnA phAgukAvyamAM karelA nirdezonA vargIkaraNanI dRSTie mAtra thoDAka ja namUnA joIzuM. phAgukAvya ekalA ke vRMdamAM besIne phakta gAvAnI praNAlikAnA je ullekho thayA che temAMthI nIcenA keTalAka juo: deva sumaMgalapurakSagu gAya bho bhaviyA. ajJAta kavikRta bharatezvara cakravartI phAga) gAI abhinava phAga sAcavaI zrIrAga. (nArAyaNa phaga) phAgu phAgaNi gAuM kRSaNa keca. kla jouM phakaTa TalI keca caturbhujakata bhramaragItA) eha phaga je gAisa, te ghari maMgala Ara. ajJAtakRta vAhananuM phAga) phAga gAI savi goraDI, jaba AvaI madhumAsa. (jayavaMtasUrikata sthUlibhadra-kozA premavilAsa phAga) gAI je navaraMga phAga e, lAgae navi pApa levA. (AgamamANijyakata jinahiMsagara navaraMga phAga) phAgu jema gavAtA hatA tema gAtAM gAtAM ramAtA hatA evA ullekho phAguomAM enA AraMbhakALathI ja jovA maLe che. evAM saMkhyAbaMdha udAharaNomAMthI thoDAMka juo : khelA nAcaI caitra mAsiragiri gAvevau. jinapausUriphata yUlibhadra phaga) malahArihiM rAyasiharasUrikiu laga ramI jaI. rAjazekharasUrikata neminAtha phAgu) 218 sAhityadarzana

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bhaMbhalabholiya bAla raMga, nava kSagu ramaMte. * phAgu vasaMti khelaI, velai suguna nidhAna (jayasiMhasUrikRta prathama neminAtha phAgu) * #gu ramaIM te phira ri, nemi jijJesara bAri. * e phAgu ucharaMga ramaI je mAsa vasaMte, * veNA yaMtra karaI Ali vinni, (ajJAta kavikRta jaMbusvAmI phAga) (kIrtiratnasUri Aga) phAgu je mAtA ane khelAtA temAM vividha prakAranAM samUhanRtyo haze. AvA keTalAMka phAguo phakta ramanArA pUratA ja maryAdita rahetAM, athavA emAM koIka mAtra prekSaka tarIke paNa rahetA. paraMtu samaya jatAM A kAvyasvarUpe eka jAhe2 manoraMjaka kAryakramanuM rUpa dhAraNa karyuM haze. vividha rAgarAgiNImAM, vAjiMtro sAthe phAgu prekSakasamudAya samakSa gavAtAM-kelAtAM haze, eTaluM ja nahi, evA kAryakramo eka karatAM vadhu divasa sudhI cAlatA rahetA haze ! nIcenA keTalAka ullekho parathI e joI zakAze : veNA veMsa vajAvai e, bhAvai paMcama rAga, raMga bhara ika khelaU gelii jiSNuvara phAga. mRdaMga saramaMDala vAjaMta, karai gAni te sati suramaNI; (rANapuramaMDana caturmukha AdinAtha phAga) bharaha bhAva karI ramai vasaMta. * vAje jhAMjha pakhAja ne, sAhelI rame Aga. tAlI deI tAruNI, gAya navalA re rAga. pakRta neminAtha phAga) * kivi nAcai manaraMgi, kevi khelai tihi Ago; kavi vAyaMti varSAMta, nAmi, pADiya vara rAgo. (ajJAta kavikRta cupai kSagu) phAguno kAvyaprakAra* 219 (puruSottama pAMca pAMDava Agu) premAnaMda kRta 'bhAsa')

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Ama, phAga gAvA ane ramavA vizenA ullekho phAgukatiomAMthI ja sAMpaDe che. eTale enAM e lakSaNo vize bahAranA koI AdhAranI apekSA rahetI nathI. pratyeka navo kAvyaprakAra potAno viziSTa padyadeha dhAraNa karIne avatare che. samaya jatAM emAM parivartano paNa thAya che. e padyadeha vizeno eka sAmAnya khyAla kaviomAM ane enA bhAvakomAM rUDha thaI jAya che. ghaNA kavio jyAre e prakAranA padyadehane anusare che tyAre enAM mULa UMDAM jAya che. phAgunA kAvyaprakArano vicAra karIe tyAre sau prathama ApaNe e khyAlamAM rAkhavuM joIe ke yuvAna haiyAonI Urmione vyakta karatI A geya racanA che. phAgu gAvA mATe jeTalAM che teTalAM vAMcatana ke paThana mATe nathI. bhAva ane lahekAthI gAvAmAM vadhAre AnaMda anubhavI zakAya che, tanmaya thavAya che. vaLI jo e samUhamAM gavAya to AnaMdanI ora vRddhi thAya che. phAguno viSaya ja evo che ke e gAvAvALA mAtra vidagdhajano ja nahi, sAmAnya loko paNa hoya che. eTale zabdaracanAnI daSTie paNa emAM ochevatte aMze saraLatA rahelI hovI joIe. saraLa ane geya evA chaMdomAM mAtrAmeLa chaMdo ane temAM paNa 24(13+11) mAtravALe duho vadhu anukULa gaNI zakAya. vaLI duho judI judI laDhaNathI Arohaavaroha sAthe gAI zakAya che. duhAnI saLaMga badhI ja kaDIo eka ja DhALamAM ke rAgamAM gAvAnI anivAryatA nahi. DhALamAM ke rAgamAM paNa vaividhya ANI zakAya. AthI ja duho phAgukAvya mATe kavione anukULa jaNAyo haze. phAgukAvyano duho piMgaLazAstranA baMdhAraNane barAbara vaLagI raheto na hovAthI keTalAka ene duhAnI cAla' paNa kahe che. vaLI duhAnI sAthe eTalI ja mAtrAno soraTho athavA roLA chaMda gAI zakAya che. eTale duhA ane roLAnI kaDIomAM phAgukAvyanI racanA AraMbhakALamAM thayelI jovA maLe che. eka kaDI duhAnI ane be, traNa ke cAra kaDI roLAnI - ema eka ekama gaNIne ene "bhAsa" evuM nAma apAyuM. AraMbhanAM phAgukAvyo A rIte cAra, pAMca ke vadhu bhAsamAM lakhAyelAM jovA maLe che. bIjI bAju saLaMga duhAnI kaDIomAM paNa racanAo thavA lAgI. AvI racanAo paNa AraMbhakALamAM ja ApaNane jovA maLe che. jinapada sUrikRta "sthUlibhadra phAgu', rAjazekharasUrikata neminAtha phAgu, prasannacaMdrasUrikata "rAvaNi pArzvanAtha phAgu'. ajJAta kavikRta puruSottama pAMca pAMDava phAga' jevI zagukRtionI racanA bhAsamAM thayelI che, to ajJAta kavikRta "jabUsvAmI phAga', merunaMdanavRta jIrApallI pArzvanAtha phAgu' jevI kRtio phakta duhAnI saLaMga kaDIomAM thayelI che. kavi jayasiMhasUrie to neminAtha vize eka phAgukAvyanI racanA "bhAsamAM karI che ane 220 eka sAhityadarzana

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bIjI racanA saLaMga duhAmAM karI che. Ama, emaNe baMne prakAranI racanAno prayoga karyo che. bhAsaracanAnI zailI AraMbhanA saikAmAM jovA maLe che, paraMtu pachIthI duhAnI saLaMga kaDIovALAM phAgumAvyo ja vizeSa pracalita banyAM hatAM. phAgukAvyamAM sAdA duhAne vadhu raLiyAmaNo banAvavA mATe aMtyAnuprAsa uparAMta AMtarayAmakanI yojanA AvI. A AMtarayamakathI alaMkRta thayelA duhAnI zobhA kharekhara vadhI. zabdo ke akSarone arthaphera sAthe bevaDAvavAthI duho vadhu AsvAdya banyo ane kavione paNa potAnuM zabdaprabhutva dAkhavavAnI taka maLI. AthI AMtararamakavALA duhA vadhu lokapriya ane kavipriya banyA. 'vasaMtavilAsa' jevI zreSTha, suprasiddha phAgukAvyanI racanA AMtararamakavALA duhAmAM thayelI che. enI lokapriyatAe tyAra pachInI phAguracanAo para ghaNo moTo prabhAva pADyo che. samaya jatAM AMtarayamakavALA duhAnI racanA mATe "phAgu' zabda payayarUpa banI gayo. evI racanA mATe "phAganI dezI' athavA phAganI DhALa', jevAM nAma apAvA lAgyAM, eTale ke "phAganI dezI' ema kavie lakhyuM hoya to te AMtarayamakavALA duhAnI ja racanA che evI mAnyatA rUDha thaI gaI. alabatta, ApaNe e lakSamAM rAkhavuM joIe ke phAgukAvyanA duhAmAM AMtarayAmakanI racanA anivArya gaNAtI nahotI. patrakRta neminAtha phAgu' tathA ajJAta kavikRta 'vasaMta phAgu', mohinI phAgu' vagere keTalAMka phAgukAvyomAM AMtarayAmakanI racanA nathI. bIjI bAju evAM phAgukAvyo paNa lakhAyAM ke jemAM phAgunI dezI hoya ane chatAM emAM vasaMtavarNana na hoya. phAgukAvyomAM vividha kathAnakonuM nirUpaNa karavAne kAraNe kAvyaracanA sudIrgha banatAM, nirUpaNamAM vaividhya lAvavAnI dRSTie keTalAka kavio duhA athavA phAgunI dezI uparAMta caraNAkula, kuMDaLiyo, rAsaka, aMdolA, aDhayA, kavita (zArdUlavikrIDita) ItyAdimAM keTalIka kaDIonI racanA karavA lAgyA. bhramaragItA, rAjagItA, brahmagItA vagere gItA nAmadhArI racanAomAM kavioe phAgunI dezI uparAMta anya chaMdono paNa upayoga karyo che. duho dIrgha layathI lalakArI zakAya evo chaMda hovAthI kyAreka kavio ane kyAreka gAyako paMkti zarU karatAM pahelAM "ahe, "e..', "are..', 'aha..' vagere pAdapUrako uccAre che. pachI to kavio paNa evA pAdapUrakovALI racanA karavA lAgyA. samudharakRta neminAtha phAgu', ajJAta kavikRta puruSottama pAMca pAMDava phaga', guNacaMdrasUrikRta "vasaMta phAgu', ajJAta kavikRta "hemaratnasUri phAga' vageremAM AvAM pAdapUrako jovA maLe che. phAgukAvyanI padyaracanAno vicAra karatAM jaNAya che ke madhyakAlIna keTalAka zaguno kAvyaprakAra 221

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kAvyaprakAromAM kyAreka jovA maLatI evI eka lAkSaNikatA phAgukAvyamAM paNa jovA maLe che. keTalIka phAgukRtiomAM mULa kAvyanI kaDIonA vaktavyane anurUpa vacce vacce saMskRtamAM zloko ApavAmAM AvyA hoya che. AvI zlokaracanA koIkanA mAtra AraMbhamAM ane aMte, koIkamAM taduparAMta vacce vacce kyAMka kyAMka ane koIkamAM pratyeka kaDI pachI ApavAmAM AvI che. AvI zlokaracanAnuM avalokana karatAM nIce pramANe jovA maLe che. 1. koI koI kAvyomAM saMskRta uparAMta prAkatamAM paNa zlokaracanA thayelI 2. A zlokaracanA kavinI potAnI ja hoya evuM anivArya nathI. kavie pote zlokanI racanA karI hoya athavA kavie bIjethI uddhata karelA zloko ApavAmAM AvyA hoya. keTalIka zlokaracanAmAM vyAkaraNanI dRSTie kaMIka azuddhi jovA maLe che. zloka jevo sAMbhaLyo hoya tevo utAryo hoya to evuM banavAno saMbhava vizeSa rahe che, jo kartA pote saMskRtajJa na hoya 3. pratyeka zloka svayaMparyApta hoya che. keTalAka zloka to suprasiddha kRtiomAMthI levAyA che. keTalAka zloka to suprasiddha subhASita che. 4. keTalIka kAvyakRtiomAM viSayavastunA nirUpaNamAM sAtatya jALavavA mATe, vacce AvatA zloko anivArya aMgarUpa banI gayA che. koIka kAvyamAM zlokaracanA gujarAtImAM lakhelI kaDIonA vaktavyanI puSTi arthe ja mAtra che. e kADhI levAmAM Ave to rasabhaMga thato nathI ke sAtatya tUTatuM nathI. zloko kADhI lIdhA pachI paNa mULa kAvyano rasAsvAda sAdhaMta mANI zakAya che. vasaMtavilAsa' enuM suprasiddha udAharaNa che. 5. keTalIka kRtiomAM zloka-racanA be kaDIo vaccenA anusaMdhAnarUpa che ane kAvyAsvAdamAM te anivArya che. kavie pote ja evI racanA karI che evuM tyAM spaSTa jaNAya che. AvI zlokacanA evA kavio ja karI zakatA ke jeo pote saMskRtanA paMDita hoya ane kavitAkalAmAM kuzaLa hoya. 6. keTalIka kRtiomAM zlokaracanA kavie pote na karI hoya, paNa enI hastaprata taiyAra karatI vakhate lahiyA dvArA ke paThana karanAra anya koI dvArA te umerAI hoya. Ama "nemIzvaracarita phAgabaMdha', devaratnasUri phAga', "raMgasAgara nemiphAga', rarara : sAhityadarzana

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vasaMtavilAsa', "nArAyaNa phAgu' vagere keTalAMka phAgukAvyomAM saMskRtAdi bhASAmAM saMmatisUcaka, arthasaMvardha ke puSTikAraka zlokaracanA jovA maLe che, je kavinI tathA kAvyarasikonI vidagdhatAnI sAkSI pUre che ane kAvyasvAdane vadhu rucikara banAve vasaMtaRtu, vasaMtakrIDA, vanavihAranuM nirUpaNa ane te nimitte saMyoga gAra ane vipralaMbha zRMgAranuM nirUpaNa e phAgukAvyano mukhya viSaya che. vasaMtanA arthamAM ja "phAgu' zabdanI sArthakatA che. keTalAMka phAgukAvyonAM to nAma ja "vasaMta' zabdavALAM che, jemAM "vasaMtavilAsa' sukhyAta che. keTalAye kavioe potAnI kRtimAM 'vasaMta'no spaSTa nirdeza paNa karyo che. u.ta. pahutIya zivarati samarati, diva ritRtaNIya vasaMta. (vasaMtavilAsa) * gAinuM mAsa vasaMta huuM, bharakhesara naravido. (bharatezvara cakravartI rAga) * madha mAdhava riti kAmani kata, tipati ramII rAuvasaMta. (cupaI phAgu) phAgu vasaMti ji elaI, belaI saguna nidhAna. jabusvAmI phAga) keTalAMka phAgukAvyomAM kevaLa vasaMtaRtu ane vAsaMtika kIDAonuM ja nirUpaNa thayeluM che, paraMtu A kAvyaprakAranA AraMbhakALathI ja emAM kathAnakonuM AlaMbana levAtuM rahyuM che. neminAtha ane sthUlibhadranA vRttAntanA nimitte vasaMtavarNana (ke varSovarNana) emAM AlekhAyuM che. phAgukAvyomAM ema uttarottara vaNya viSayanI sImA vistaratI gaI che. neminAtha uparAMta AdinAtha, vAsupUjya, zAntinAtha, pArzvanAtha vagere tIrthakaro, gaNadhara bhagavaMta gautamasvAmI, kevalI bhagavaMta jaMbusvAmI tathA jinacaMdra, dharmamUrti, sumatisuMdara, kIrtiratna, hemavilama, puNyaratna, padmasAgara, hIravijayasUri vagere gurubhagavaMto tathA rANakapura, citoDa, baMbhaNavADA, jIrApallI vagere tIrtho vize paNa phAgukAvyo lakhAyAM che. vaLI, rUpakazailInAM AdhyAtmika phAgukAvyo paNa lakhAyAM che ane lokakathA para AdhArita phAgukAvyo paNa lakhAyAM che. pAMcasAta kaDIthI mAMDIne traNaso kaDIthI moTAM phAgakAvyonI racanA thayelI che. doDhaso jeTalAM je phAgumAvyo hAla upalabdha che, temAM jaina sAdhu kavione hAthe jaina zaguno kAvyaprakAra che 223

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viSaya para lakhAyelAM zagukAvyo mukhya che. zrIkRSNa viSayaka vaiSNava paraMparAnAM zagukAvyo, "nArAyaNa phAgu' ke "harivilAsa phAgu' jevAM phaykAvyo pramANamAM jUja ja che. madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityamAM jene sAdhu kavioe rAsa, prabaMdha, copAI, vivAhala, phAgu, bAramAsI, stavana, sajhAya, chaMda, chatrIsI, pada vagere vividha prakAranI kAvyaracanAo karI che. A badhA prakAromAM keTalAka Aja paNa gavAtA rahelA che. e prakAromAM stavana mukhya che. madhyakALamAM jaina kavione hAthe lakhAyelAM stavanonI saMkhyA traNa hajArathI paNa vadhu che ane emAMnAM keTalAMye stavano, vizeSataH yazovijayajI, AnaMdaghanajI ane devacaMdra vagerenAM stavano adyApi paryata rojeroja gavAtAM rahyAM che. keTalAMye stavano kAvyaracanAnI dRSTie paNa uttama koTinAM che. taduparAMta jaina kavionuM moTuM yogadAna te rAsAsAhityanuM ane phAgusAhityanuM che. rAsa ane phAgu e baMne kAvyaprakAro sahodara jevA gaNAyA che. nAnI rAsakRti ane sudIrgha phAgukAvya ekabIjAnI sImAne sparze che. vasaMtaRtunA varNanavALo rAsa athavA vasaMtaRtumAM gavAto rAsa te phAgu ema koI kahI zake eTalA paraspara najIka A baMne kAvyaprakAro AvelA che. rAsa paNa gavAtA ane ramAtA. phAgukAvyo paNa gavAtAM ane rAsanI jema vartuLAkAre dAMDiyA vaDe khelAtAM. rAsamAM nRtyanI dRSTie tAlArAma ane lakuTArAsa evA be prakAronA ullekho maLe che. tAlArAsa eTale tALI vaDe ramAto rAsa. saMskRta lakuTa eTale daMDa, dAMDiyo, lakuye rAsa eTale dAMDiyA vaDe ramAto rAsa. (dAMDiyA mATeno lakuya zabda, phano lopa thatAM ane Tano Da thatAM, sAmyane kAraNe vakhata jatAM azlIlatAmAM sarI paDyo ane niSiddha thaI gayo. evI rIte phAgu paNa tALI sAthe ane dAMDiyA sAthe ramAtAM ane gavAtAM. AvA samRddha rAsAsAhitya ane phAgusAhityanI bhinna bhinna dRSTikoNathI tulanA thaI zake che. madhyakAlIna gUrjara sAhityamAM RtuvarNananAM kAvyomAM phaga uparAMta bAramAsI nAmano prakAra jovA maLe che. sagukAvyo mukhyatve jaina kavione hAthe lakhAyAM che, jyAre bAramAsI prakAranAM kAvyo jaina-jainetara ema baMnene hAthe ThIka ThIka pramANamAM lakhAyAM che. alabatta, saMkhyAnI dRSTie phAgukAvyo bAramAsI karatAM vadhu lakhAyAM che. phAgukAvyamAM mukhyatve vasaMtaRtunuM kyAreka apavAdarUpe varSARtunuM varNana thayeluM che. bAramAsImAM enuM nAma sUcave che te pramANe bAra mahinAnuM (adhika mAsa hoya to tera mahinAnuM) kramAnusAra varNana hoya che. emAM AraMbha kArtika mAsathI ja karavAnuM anivArya nathI. bAramAsI kAvyaprakAra kadamAM nAno ane UrmipradhAna che. pratyeka 224 kasAhityadarzana

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mAsanI ochAmAM ochI eka kaDI ema bAra kaDIthI mAMDIne 72 kaDI ke tethI vadhu lAMbAM kAvyo lakhAyAM che. emAM sAmAnya rIte virahiNI nAyikAnI uttarottara vadhatI jatI virahavyathAnuM, vipralaMbha zRMgAranuM, te te mahinAnI lAkSaNikatA sAthe nirUpaNa hoya che. koIka sukhAnsa bAramAsImAM aMte nAyaka-nAyikAnuM milana varNavAya che. phAgukAvyamAM mukhyatve vasaMtaRtunuM ja varNana karavAnuM hovAthI ane emAM kaDIonI koI maryAdA na hovAthI savigata nirUpaNa karavAno kavine sAro avakAza sAMpaDe che. bAramAsI mukhyatve UrmipradhAna kAvya che, jyAre phAgumAM kavi kathAnakanuM savigata nirUpaNa karI zake che. Ama phAgu ane bAramAsI vacce Avo keTaloka mahattvano taphAvata che. alabatta, koIka ajJAta kavie to potAnA neminAtha phAgu'mAM bAramAsI ane phAguno samanvaya karIne, emAM bAramAsI paNa gUMthI lIdhI che. kavione koNa rokI zake ? nizA: vaya: * vasaMtaRtunuM varNana karato, paNa phAgukAvya karatAM kadamAM nAno evo "dhamAla' nAmano eka kAvyaprakAra madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM vikAsa pAmyo hato. dhamAla' khAsa vasaMtaRtumAM gAvA mATe lakhAyA hatA. dhamAla (athavA "DhamAla') nAma ja sUcave che te pramANe emAM gAvA sAthe vAjiMtrono kalanAda paNa eTalo ja mahattvano che. Dhola, caMga, jhAMjha, maMjIrAM vagerenA dhvani sAthe, gAtAM gAtAM vAtAvaraNane gajavI mUkavAno ane e rIte potAnA hRdayollAsane pragaTa karavAno emAM Azaya hoya che. samUhamAM gavAtA A kAvyaprakAramAM, gAnArAo tAnamAM AvIne svecchAe nRtya paNa karavA lAgI jAya che. dhamAlamAM A rIte samUhanRtya paNa hoya che. dhruvapadanI ekanI eka paMkti ane tevI rIte bIjI keTalIka paMktio vAraMvAra gavAya che. dhamAlamAM paMktio ochI hoya che, paNa enuM raTaNa, Avartana vAraMvAra thAya che. phAgu karatAM dhamAlamAM nAda ane layanuM mahattva vadhAre hoya che. - phAgukAvyamAM zRMgArarasanuM nirUpaNa thAya che. paraMtu madhyakALamAM saMyamanA ArAdhaka, brahmacarya vratanA upAsaka evA jaina sAdhu kavioe ATalAM badhAM phAgukAvyo lakhyAM ethI Azcarya nathI thatuM? potAnI atRpta vAsanAne vyakta karavA mATe emane phAgukAvyanuM eka bahAnuM maLyuM ema nathI lAgatuM? nA, jarA paNa nahi, kAraNa ke emanI zagukatiomAM zRMgArarasanuM evuM nirUpaNa jovA maLatuM nathI. emanI saMyamanI ArAdhanAne bAdhaka thAya evI koI vAta emAM AvatI nathI. keTalAMka phAgukAvyo to "nArInirAsa'nA prakAranAM che. vastutaH jaina sAdhukavio phAgukAvya lakhavA tarapha vaLyA temAM keTalAMkamAM kAvyasarjananI preraNA karatAM sAmAjika ane dhArmika kartavyanI bhAvanA vizeSa rahelI che. phAguno kAvyaprakAra - 225

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vasaMtaRtune kAmadevanI tu tarIke oLakhAvavAmAM Ave che. madanotsavanA A divasomAM vAtAvaraNa evuM mAdaka bane che ke jemAM kAmadevane potAnAM Ayudho tIrNa karavAnI sarasa taka sAMpaDe che. eTale ja vasaMtaRtu ane zRMgArarasano saMbaMdha parApUrvathI cAlyo Ave che. paraMtu aucitya ane gaurava e zRMgArarasanA AbhUSaNo che. anya rasanA nirUpaNa karatAM zRMgArarasanA nirUpaNamAM vadhu jokhama raheluM che, kAraNa ke rasanirUpaNa karanAra tAnamAM AvI jaIne kyAre maryAdA oLaMgI jaIne aucityabhaMga karI besaze te kahI zakAya nahi. khuda nirUpaNa karanArane paNa eno khyAla na rahe. aucityabhaMga thatAM rasabhaMga thAya che. kAvyarasa aparasamAM pariName che. vyAvahArika jIvanamAM paNa zRMgArarasanI vAtone eka sAMskArika maryAdA hoya che. maryAdAbhaMga sAmAjika TIkAniMdAne pAtra gaNAya che. paraMtu kAmAturane bhaya ke lajjA hotAM nathI. AthI ja zRMgArarasanuM nirUpaNa karatAM keTalAMye phAgukAvyo ughADA sthUla zRMgArarasamAM sarI paDavA lAgyAM. keTalAke irAdApUrvaka evuM nirUpaNa karyuM che. AvAM kAvyo jAheramAM nahi paNa khAnagImAM vaMcAya ke gavAya. madhyakALamAM "gaNapati phAgu' ane evAM bIjA keTalAMka azlIla phuguo lakhAyAM che, je sAmAjika daSTie niSiddha gaNAyAM che ane sAhityika dRSTie tenuM kazuM mUlya nathI. hoLInA divasomAM ullAsanA pratIkarUpe abIla-gulAla ekabIjA upara uDAvavAnI, raMga chAMTavAnI ke raMganI picakArI choDavAnI prathA che. paraMtu jyAre te adhamatAmAM sarI paDe che tyAre loko chANa ane kAdavano paNa Azraya le che. hoLInA divasomAM keTalAka varSomAM khAnagImAM mAMhomAMhe azlIla gALo bolavAnI, azlIla kahevato kahevAnI ke gIto gAvAnI prathA che. tevAM citro paNa dorAya che ane nanAmA azlIla patro paNa lakhAya che. madhyakALamAM gujarAta, rAjasthAna ane uttara bhAratamAM hoLInA divasomAM yuvAnomAM azlIla phAga gAvAnI prathA pracalita thaI hatI. je keTaleka aMze hAla paNa pracalita che. amuka vistAramAM ke amuka komanA lokomAM tenuM pramANa vadhAre jovA maLe che. eTale ja azlIla gALa mATe "phAga' ane sabhya samAjamAM jAheramAM na gAI zakAya evA azlIla phAga mATe bega jevA zabdo rUDha thaI gayA che. yuvAnone bahAvarA banAvanAra ane emanA mAnasane asaMskArI ane vikRta karanAra AvAM phAguo jyAre jora pakaDatAM kyAM hatAM tyAre kevaLa zikhAmaNathI sanmArge na vaLanAra yuvA peDhIne vikalpa sArAM sugeya phAguo ApIne sanmArge vALavAnuM kArya jaina sAdhukavioe karyuM che. dharmamArge vaLelA loko calita na thAya e mATe adhyAtmarUpI hoLI-horI vadhAre caDiyAtI che e batAvavA rUpaka zailInAM phAgukAvyo paNa lakhAyAM. vaLI, jemAM zRMgArarasanuM thoDuMka nirUpaNa karI aMte 226 - sAhityadarzana

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saMyamano mahimA darzAvAya evAM kathAnako pasaMda thayAM. emAM nemikumAra ane rAjulanuM lokapriya preraka kathAnaka sauthI vadhu anukULa lAgyuM. ethI e vize sauthI vadhu phAgukAvyo lakhAyAM che. taduparAMta sthUlibhadra ane kozAnuM kathAnaka tathA jaMbusvAmInuM kathAnaka paNa levAyuM che. phAgaNa-caitramAM tIrthayAtrA mATe nIkaLatA saMghomAM paNa dhArmika phAga gAvA-khelavAnuM dAkhala karAyuM. potAnA gurubhagavaMte saMyamanI ArAdhanA kevI sarasa karI che tathA kAmavAsanA para emaNe kevo sarasa vijaya meLavyo che eno mahimA batAvavA mATe gurubhagavaMta vize phAgukAvyo lakhAyAM che. taduparAMta sthUlibhadra ane kozAnuM kathAnaka tathA jaMbusvAmInuM kathAnaka paNa levAyuM che. phAgaNa-caitramAM tIrthayAtrA mATe nIkaLatA saMghomAM paNa dhArmika phAgu gAvA-khelavAnuM dAkhala karAyuM. potAnA gurubhagavaMte saMyamanI ArAdhanA kevI sarasa karI che tathA kAmavAsanA para emaNe kevo sarasa vijaya meLavyo che eno mahimA batAvavA mATe gurubhagavaMta vize phAgukAvyo lakhAyAM. bahAra khAnagImAM gavAtAM halakAM phAguo ane A phAguo vacce keTalo badho taphAvata che e teoe potAnAM phAguomAM batAvyuM ane sAcAM sArAM phAgukAvyonI uttama phalazruti dAkhavI che. "vAsupUjya manorama phAgamAM kavi kalyANe kahyuM che : phAga phAga paNa sariSA nahI, chAsi dholI naI dUdha dholuM sahI, jevaDuM aMtara meru sirazavai, tima jinaguNa avara kathA kavyAM. phAgukAvyanI phalazruti batAvatAM eno Avo mahimA ghaNA kavioe gAyo che. emAMthI thoDIka paMktio joIe : e lagu ucharaMga ramAI je mAsa vasaMte, tiNi maNinANa pahANa kAtti mahiyala pasate. (kIrtiratnasUri phAga) phAgu re suNataha guNataha, pApu paNAsaI dUri. jayasiMhasUrikata dvitIya neminAtha phAgu gAI je navaraMga phAga e. lAgae navi pApa leva. jinapaMsaguru navaraMga phaga) zrI lakSamIvallabha ko racyo hI, Ihu adhyAtma phAga; pAvatu pada jinacaja ko ho, gAvata uttama rAga. (lakSmIvallabhakRta "adhyAtma phAga') phAguno kAvyaprakAra - 227

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Ama, madhyakALamAM gujarAta ane rAjasthAnamAM pAMca saikAthI paNa vadhu samaya sudhI pracalita rahelA phAgunA kAvyaprakAre keTalIka uttama kAvyakRtio dvArA sAhityanA kSetre temaja sAmAjika kSetre jana-manaraMjananuM temaja saMskAra-ghaDataranuM uttama viziSTa kArya karyuM che, je aitihAsika dRSTie paNa eTaluM ja mahattvanuM che. - ApaNuM phAgusAhitya gUrjara bhASAnA vikAsanI dRSTie - zabdabhaMDoLa, zabdaprayogo, rUDhiprayogo, kahevato, vyAkaraNa-viSayaka lAkSaNikatAo, viziSTa padAvalio vagerenI dRSTie adhyayana mATe vipula sAmagrI pUrI pADe che. 228 sAhityadarzana

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12 phAgukAvyanI vikAsarekhA madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityamAM rAsa, phAgu, bAramAsI vivAhalo, stavana, sajhAya, chaMda tathA AkhyAna, padyavArtA, prabaMdha, garabo, garabI, kAphI, pada, chappA, prabhAtiyAM, batrIsI, chatrIsI, mAtRkA vagere vividha kAvyaprakAro khIlyA ane kheDAyA. aneka pratibhAvaMta samartha kavioe emAM potAno sarjanaphALo Apyo che. e dRSTie madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhitya mAtabara ane samRddha che. tatkAlIna lokajIvana ane dharmabhAvanAne samajavAmAM te ghaNuM upayogI che. keTalIka aitihAsika mAhitI pUrI pADavAnI dRSTie paNa tenuM mahattva ghaNuMbadhuM che. A badhA kAvyaprakAromAM phAgukAvyanuM sthAna anokhuM che. rAsa, AkhyAna, prabaMdha ke padyavArtA jeTaluM moTuM tenuM sthAna nathI, to bIjI bAju enuM sthAna taddana gauNa paNa nathI. kAvyaguNanI daSTie phAgunA kAvyaprakAre sArI siddhi dAkhavI che. gujarAtI phAgunA kAvyaprakArano uddabhava vikramanA caudamA zatakanA aMtabhAgamAM ane paMdaramA zatakanA prAraMbhamAM thayelo joI zakAya che. soLamA ane sattaramA zatakamAM to te bahu lokapriya kAvyaprakAra banI gayo hato. paraMtu aDhAramA zatakanA aMta bhAgamAM to te kheDAto baMdha thavA lAgyo hato. A kAvyaprakAra mukhyatve jaina sAdhu kavionA hAthe kheDAto rahyo hato. phAgunA kAvyaprakAranA sarjananI zarUAta kadAca eka RtukAvya tarIke thaI haze, paraMtu pachInA kALamAM to lokone, vizeSataH yuvA vargane azlIlatAmAM sarI paDatA aTakAvavA mATe, saMyama tarapha vALavA mATe, khAnagImAM gavAtA azlIla phAganI sAme ziSTa phAgukAvya ApavA mATe keTalIye kRtionI racanA thaI hatI. e dRSTie tatkAlIna yuga-paribaLone samajavAmAM A eka moTuM sAdhana rahyuM che. gukAvyanI vikAsarekhA 229

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kAlAnukrame zatakavAra phAgukAvyanI vikAsarekhA nihALIe to vikramanA caudamAM zatakanA aMta bhAgamAM ane paMdaramA zatakamAM lakhAyelI pacIsathI vadhu phAgukRtio prApta thAya che. emAM ajJAta kavikRta "jinacaMdrasUri phAga', jinapadmasUrikRta 'sthUlabhadra phAgu', rAjazekhare sUrikRta neminAtha phAgu' vagere AraMbhakALanI phAgukRtio jotAM, A kAvyaprakArane vikasAvavAnuM mAna jaina sAdhu kavione phALe jAya che. je pacIsathI adhika phAgukRtio A gALAnI upalabdha che emAM vIsathI adhika kRtio to jaina sAdhu kavionI ja che. A kALanAM phagukAvyomAM neminAtha vizenAM phAgukAvyo sauthI vizeSa rahyAM che. paMdaramA zatakanI A lAkSaNikatA, tyAra pachI soLamAM, sattaramA ane aDhAramA zatakamAM paNa cAlu rahelI joI zakAya che. caudamA-paMdaramA zatakanAM phAgukAvyomAM sAdA duhAmAM athavA duA. ane roLA chaMdanI kaDIovALA bhAsamAM sauthI vadhu racanA thaI che. AMtarayamakavALA duhAvALI racanAonuM pramANa sAdA duhAvALI racanA karatAM ochuM rahyuM che. vividha chaMdamAM phAgukAvyanI racanA karavAnuM ane samAnArtha saMskRta zloko ApavAnuM lakSaNa A zatakamAM ja cAlu thaI gayuM hatuM, je pachIthI prabaLa banavA lAgyuM hatuM. 'vasaMtavilAsa' ane "nArAyaNa phAgu' jevI phAgukRtionI racanA paNa A zatakamAM ja thaI che e paNa noMdhavuM joIe. vasaMtavarNana, vanakrIDAvarNana, jalakeli ItyAdi vaDe phAkRtine bhautika rasanA ullAsavALI banAvavAnuM valaNa paNa A zatakamAM pracalita banI gayuM hatuM enI AthI khAtarI thAya che. | vikramanA paMdaramA saikAmAM jharaNArUpe vaheto thayelo phAguno pravAha soLamAM ane sattaramA saikAmAM eka nadInA jevo puSTa banI gayo. A be saikAmAM keTalA badhA kavioe phAgukAvyanI racanA mATe potAnI kalama calAvI che ! vikramanA soLamA saikAmAM lakhAyelAM cAlIsathI vadhu phAgukAvyomAM paNa neminAtha vize sauthI vadhu phAgukAvyo lakhAyAM che. samagra zagusAhityamAM viSaya tarIke neminAthanuM kathAnaka mokhare rahyuM che. neminAtha vizenAM lagukAvyo eTale vyaktiviSayaka phAgukAvyo. jaina kavione ekaMdare vyaktiviSayaka vadhu anukULa rahyAM che, kAraNa ke kAmoddIpana karanAra vasaMtaRtumAM paNa kAmavAsanA upara vijaya meLavanAra mahAtmAonuM jIvana saMyamasiddhinI dRSTie atyaMta gauravabharyuM ane preraka gaNAya. eTale lokopadeza mATe kavio saMyamavratadhArI vyaktionuM jIvana pasaMda kare e dekhItuM che. neminAtha uparAMta anya tIrthakaro vize, jabukamAra vize, sthUlibhadra vize, potAnA gurubhagavaMta vize kRti racavAmAM kavione AvI anukULatA savizeSa rahI che. neminAtha uparAMta A saikAmAM tIrtha vize phAgukAvyo lakhAyAM che, jemAM rAvaNi ra0 ka sAhityadarzana

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pArzvanAtha vizenAM phAgukAvyo mahattvanAM che. potAnA gurubhagavaMta vize lakhAyelAM kAvyomAM hemaratnasUri, amararatnasUri, hemavimalasUri, jinahaMsasUri vagerene mATenAM kAvyo noMdhapAtra che. A saikAmAM vaiSNavaparaMparAmAM paNa 'harivilAsa' nAmanI eka mahattvanI kRtinI racanA thaI che. kevaLa zRMgArarasanuM nirUpaNa karatI phAgukRtio jema lakhAI che tema sAme pakSe nArInA nirAsa mATenuM phAgukAvya paNa A saikAmAM lakhAyuM che. A saikAmAM phAgunA kAvyaprakArane AdhyAtmika vaLAMka paNa apAvA lAgyo ane rUpakazailInAM AdhyAtmika phAgukAvyo paNa lakhAvA lAgyAM. to, bIjI bAju mohinI zaga jevAM zRMgArarasika phAgukAvyamAM lokakathAno viSaya paNa levAyo che. AvA viSayo uparAMta A gALAmAM mAtRkA jevA prakIrNa viSaya para paNa phAgukAvya lakhAyuM che. Ama, vikramanA soLamAM zatakamAM viSayanirUpaNanI dRSTie phAgukAvyanI kSitija ThIka ThIka vistAra pAmI hatI. phAgunA padyadehanI dRSTie A soLamA zatakamAM eka noMdhavA jevI bAbata e che ke duhA ane roLA chaMdanI kaDIonI banelI bhAsa"mAM koI racanA thaI hoya evuM jANavA maLatuM nathI. saLaMga sAdA duhAmAM thaI hoya evI racanAnI saMkhyA vadhavA lAgI hatI. AMtarayamakavALA duhAnI racanAno pravAha paNa cAlu rahyo hato. saMskRta zloka sahitanI kaDIovALI racanA paNa cAlu hatI. taduparAMta chaMdavaividhyavALI racanAo vadhavA lAgI hatI. A saikAmAM eka phAgukAvyanI racanA to phakta copAI chaMdamAM paNa thaI che. kadanI dRSTie vicArIe to A soLamA zatakamAM phAgukAvyanI kaDIono saMkhyAMka vadhato cAlyo hato. baso, aDhIso ke pAMcaso kaDInAM phAgukAvyo paNa lakhAyAM che. kadanI daSTie keTalIka kRtio laghu rAsakRtinI lagolaga AvI gaI che. kavioe kyAreka vistRta kathAnaka pasaMda karyuM che. kyAreka teo samagra kathAnakane varNave che, to kyAreka teo tenuM nirUpaNa savistara kare che. "AdIzvara phAga jevI kRtimAM AdinAtha bhagavAnanA pUrva bhavanI vAto sahita samagra jIvanacaritra nirupAyuM che. A saikAmAM bAramAsIno kAvyaprakAra paNa vadhu khIlyo hato ane jaina sAdhukavio bAramAsI kAvyo lakhavA prerAyA hatA, eTaluM ja nahi phAgukAvyamAM bAramAsI dAkhala karIne "cupaI phAgu' jevAM phAgukAvyomAM phAgu ane bAramAsInA samanvayano prayoga paNa thayo che. vikramanA soLamA saikAmAM A rIte saMkhyA, kada, viSayavistAra ane guNavattAnI dRSTie phAgukAvya ghaNo mahattvano vikAsa sAdhyo hato. vikramanA soLamA zatakanI jema sattaramA zatakamAM paNa phAguno kAvyaprakAra phagukAvyanI vikAsarekhA ja 231

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vikAsa pAmato rahyo hato. A zatakamAM vividha viSayo para saMkhyAbaMdha phAgukAvyo lakhAyAM che, jemAM alabatta, agAunI jema neminAtha vizenAM phAgukAvyo sauthI vadhu che. taduparAMta AdinAtha, vAsupUjya vagere tIrthakaro tathA dhUlibhadra vize paNa phAgukAvyo lakhAyAM che. gurubhagavaMta vizenAM phAgukAvyomAM pAsAgarasUri, kIrtiratnasUri, dharmamUrti vagere vize phAgukAvyo jovA maLe che. lokakathA para AdhArita maMgalakalaza phAganI racanA A saikAmAM thaI che. padabaMdhanI dRSTie joIe to sattaramA saikAmAM paNa sAdA duhAvALI saLaMga racanAnuM prAdhAnya rahyuM che. taduparAMta AMtarayamakavALA duhAvALI racanAo tathA chaMda vaividhyavALI racanAo paNa A saikAmAM jovA maLe che. "bhAsamAM vibhakta hoya evI eka phAgukRti paNa pAchI jovA maLe che. A saikAmAM padanA prakAranAM AdhyAtmika phAgukAvyo paNa lakhAtAM rahyAM hatAM. eTale kadanI daSTie joIe to pAMca-dasa kaDI jeTalAM nAnAM phAgukAvyo paNa lakhAyAM che ane savAso-doDhaso kaDI sudhInAM vRttAnta viSayaka phAgukAvyo paNa lakhAyAM che. soLamA ane sattaramA saikAmAM saMvAda, svagatokti, upAlaMbha vagere lakSaNo phAgukAvyanI nirUpaNarItimAM jovA maLe che. zRMgAra rasanA nirUpaNa uparAMta dharmopadezanuM tattva paNa A be saikAmAM vRddhi pAmatuM gayuM hatuM eTale zAMtarasaparyavasAyI phAgukAvyonuM prAdhAnya rahyA karyuM che. vikramanA aDhAramAM zatakanA uttarArdhamAM phAgakAvyano pravAha maMda paDato jaNAya che. badalAtI jatI sAmAjika, rAjakIya, dhArmika vagere prakAranI paristhitine kAraNe e hoI zake, paNa vizeSa kAraNa to e jaNAya che ke koI paNa kAvyaprakAra bahu kheDAI jAya te pachI sAmAnya pratibhAvALA kavio enA tarapha AkarSAtA nathI. phAguno kAvyaprakAra have traNa saikA jeTalo jUno thaI gayo. bhASAmAM paNa AdhunikatAnAM lakSaNo pragaTa thavA lAgyAM hatAM. eTale phAguno kAvyapravAha kSINa thavA lAge e svAbhAvika che. viSayanirUpaNanI dRSTie, alabatta, A saikA daramiyAna sauthI vadhu kAvyo, agAunI jema neminAtha vize ja lakhAyAM che. padabaMdha ane kAvyanA kadanI daSTie AgaLanA be saikA jevI ja lAkSaNikatA A saikAmAM paNa cAlu rahI che. caudamA-paMdaramA zatakathI ogaNIsamA zataka sudhImAM racAyelAM phAgukAvyonI viSayavAra vikAsarekhAnI lAkSaNikatAo zI che te ApaNe joIe. neminAtha vize phAgukAvyo gUrjara phAgusAhityamAM je viSaya para sauthI vadhu kAvyakRtio lakhAI che e ra3ra : sAhityadarzana

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che neminAtha ane emanI vAgdattA rAjulano viSaya. ApaNane Azcarya thAya eTalI badhI phAgukRtio neminAtha vize lakhAI che. madhyakALamAM gUrjara bhASAmAM Azare doDhaso jeTalAM nAnAMmoTAM je phAgukAvyo lakhAyAM che emAM pacAseka jeTalAM to neminAtha vize che. anya koI paNa eka vyakti ke tIrtha vize pAMcasAtathI vadhu phAgukAvyo lakhAyelAM maLatAM nathI, jyAre neminAtha vize ATalAM badhAM kAvyo lakhAyAM te batAve che ke neminAthano viSaya phAgukaviomAM keTalo badho priya thaI gayo hato. cAra saikA jeTalA samayagALA sudhI phAgukAvyano prakAra kheDAto rahyo. enA AraMbhakALamAM kavi rAjazekhakRta 'neminAtha phAgu' athavA kavi jayasomakRta neminAtha phAgu' jevI kRtio prApta thAya che ane vikramanA ogaNIsamA satakamAM lokAgacchanA kavi mahAnaMde neminAtha vize phAgukAvya lakhyuM che. Ama, AraMbhakALathI te aMtakALa sudhI neminAthano viSaya eTalo ja tAjo ane kavipriya rahelo joI zakAya che. anya jaina kAvyaprakAromAM paNa neminAthano viSaya adyApi paryaMta evo ja rasika rahyo che. A viSayanI bIjI eka lAkSaNikatA e jovA maLe che ke jyasiMhasUri, jayazekha2sUri, samayasuMdaragaNi, ratnamaMDanagaNi jevA keTalAka samartha kavioe eka nahi paNa be phAgukRtio neminAtha vize lakhelI che. taduparAMta mANikyasuMdara, dharmasuMdara, ghanadevagaNi, vIracandra, guNavijaya, hemavijaya, rAjaharSa vagere uttama kavioe paNa potAnA kavanamAM neminAthanA viSayane AvarI lIdho che. neminAtha vize rAsa, bAramAsI, chaMda, stavana vagere prakAranI kRtio paNa ghaNI lakhAyelI che. madhyakAlIna gUrjara sAhitya para najara pheravatAM ApaNe e joI zakIe chIe. neminAtha jainonA covIsa tIrthaMkaromAMnA bAvIsamA tIrthaMkara che. teo apariNIta rahyA hatA. rAjImatI-rAjula sAthe temanI sagAI thaI hatI. temanAM lagna levAyAM hatAM. potAnA lagnaprasaMge jamaNavAra mATe je pazuonI hiMsA thavAnI hatI e joI karuNArka banelA teo lagnanA mAMDavethI ja pAchA pharyA. tyAgavairAgyanA bhAva thatAM teo giranAra parvata 52 jaI svayaMdIkSita thayA. rAjula neminAthanA cAlyA javAthI vyathita thaI, AkuLa-vyAkuLa banI gaI, kalpAMta karavA lAgI. paraMtu svasthatA ane samajaNa prApta thatAM neminAthanI pAchaLa te paNa cAlI nIkaLI. neminAtha pAse ja dIkSA laI te sAdhvI banI. saMyamajIvananuM utkRSTa pAlana karI, kevaLajJAna pAmI teNe mokSagati prApta karI. neminAtha paNa nirvANa pAmI mokSe sidhAvyA. neminAthanA kathAnakamAM, vasaMta RtumAM zrIkRSNa ane emanI rANIo sAthe nemikumAranuM vanamAM javuM, jalakrIDA karavI, neminAthane paraNavA mATe samajAvatI phAgukAvyanI vikAsarekhA # 233

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zrIkRSNanI rANIo, rAjimatI sAthe sagapaNa nakkI thayuM. rAjimatInA dehalAvAyanuM varNana, neminAthanI jAna, rAjimatInI utsukatA, neminAthanuM lagna karyA vagara pAchuM pharavuM, rAjimatInI virahavyathA, neminAthe saMyama dhAraNa karavo, rAjimatIe paNa saMyama dhAraNa karavo ane aMte baMnenI mokSagati-A badhI ghaTanAonuM nirUpaNa karavA mATe phAgukAvyanI dRSTie kavione sAro avakAza maLe che. vaLI kathAnakano aMta tyAga, vairAgya, saMyama, upazama, dIkSA, nirvANa ityAdimAM Avato hovAthI jaina sAdhu kavione emanA saMyamajIvananI daSTie AvuM kathAnaka bahu anukULa Ave evuM che. vaLI tIrthaMkara paramAtmAno mahimA paNa emAM varNavI zakAya evo avakAza che. AthI ja neminAtha vize sauthI vadhu phAgukAvyo lakhAyAM che. neminAtha vizenuM AraMbhanA kALanuM phAgukAvya kavizrI rAjazekharasUrikRta neminAtha phAga' che. e kALanAM anya keTalAMka phAgunI jema te duhA ane roLAnI kaDIomAM "bhAsa'mAM lakhAyuM che. kavie samAsayukta, arthagaMbhIra praziSTa bhASAmAM, anuprAsAdika zabdAlaMkAro ane rUpakAdi arthAlaMkAro sahita, kathAnakanI jhINI vigatomAM UtaryA vinA, kAvyane sarasa uThAva Apyo che. vikramanA paMdaramA zatakanA kavi jayasiMhasUrie neminAtha vize be phAgukAvyo lakhyAM che, bhAsamAM vibhakta evI zailInuM eka ane bIjuM dUhAnI saLaMga kaDIovALuM emaNe vasaMtaRtunuM, jalakelinuM, rAjimatInA dehalAvaNyanuM keTaluMka paraMparAgata ane keTaluMka maulika sarasa nirUpaNa karyuM che. saLaMga duhAmAM emaNe karelI racanA 'vasaMtavilAsanuM smaraNa karAve che. vikramanA paMdaramA saikAmAM thaI gayelA acalagacchanA mahAna kavi, 'tribhuvanadIpaka prabaMdhanA kartA zrI jayazekharasUrie neminAtha vize be phAgukAvyo lakhyAM che. teo siddhahasta kavi che. saMskRta, prAkRtamAM emaNe mahAkAvyo lakhyAM che. A baMne phAgukAvyomAM emaNe prayojelA AMtaramakamAM emanuM zabdo paranuM asAdhAraNa prabhutva pratIta thAya che. pAtrAlekhana, prasaMganirUpaNa, prakRtivarNana vageremAM emanI kavitvazakti savizeSa khIlI UThI che. vikramanA paMdaramA zatakamAM thaI gayelA kavi ratnamaMDanagaNikRta 'raMgasAgara phAga' ane 'nArInivAsa phAga' ema be kRtio maLe che. paMdaramA zatakamAM ja saMskRtamAM zloka ane gujarAtImAM kaDI evI mizra racanA cAlu thaI gaI hatI. raMgasAgara phAga' zloka sahita 120 kaDInI racanA che. emAM neminAthanA janmathI mAMDIne nirvANa sudhInI ghaTanAonuM sarasa Alekhana thayuM che. ratnamaMDanagaNinuM "nArInirAsa phAga' judI ja zailInuM kAvya che, jemAM emaNe mAtra chellI kaDImAM rAjula 24 sAhityadarzana

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ane neminAthane saMbhAryA che, paraMtu samagra kAvyamAM emaNe nArInAM aMgAMgomAM rahelI virUpatA varNavI che. yuvAnone, vizeSataH yuvAna sAdhuone nArIthI vimukha rahevAnI emAM bhalAmaNa che. (e dRSTie A kAvyane bodhAtmaka AdhyAtmika phAgukAvyanA prakAramAM paNa gaNAvI zakAya) baMne phAgukAvyomAM kavinI kavitvazaktinI sAthe enA pAMDityano paNa sarasa paricaya thAya che. vikramanA paMdaramA zatakamAM thaI gayelA, acalagacchanA mahAna AcArya ane mahAkavi zrI mANikasuMdarasUrie 91 kaDImAM 'nemIzvaracarita phAganI racanA karI che. rAsaphAgu, aDhayu, Ayo vagere chaMdomAM kaDIonI racanA uparAMta kAvyamAM zikhariNI vagere chaMdomAM saMskRta zlokonI paNa racanA che. kavi mANikyasuMdarasUrinA A phAgukAvyamAM neminAtha bhagavAnanA pUrva bhavanA vRttAntanA nirdeza sAthe emanA bALapaNathI nirvANa sudhInA prasaMgo varNavavAmAM AvyA che. neminAtha bhagavAnanuM AtmaciMtana e A kAvyanI eka viziSTatA che. kavinI rasikatAno ane emanA pAMDityano paricaya A phAgukAvyamAMthI maLI rahe che. vikramanA paMdaramA zatakanA kavi dharmasuMdara vi. saM. 1494mAM racelA 172 kaDInA phAgukAvyamAM neminAthanA bAlyakALanAM parAkramonuM paNa varNana karyuM che ane rAjula sAthenA vivAhanA prasaMgonuM paNa varNana karyuM che. kavie saMskRta ane gujarAtI ema vArApharatI be bhASAmAM A kRti racI che, paraMtu phakta gujarAtImAM ke phakta saMskRtamAM kRti vAMcIe topaNa temAM sAtatya jaLavAI rahe che ane te saLaMga AsvAdya banI che. neminAtha vizenI A paNa eka zreSTha kRti che. vikramanA soLamA zatakamAM koI ajJAta kavie "vasaMtazRMgAra phAgu' nAmanI racanA karI che, je vastuta: neminAtha vizenuM ja phAgukAvya che. kavie kathAnakanuM AlaMbana laI tathA saMyama-upazamane lakSamAM rAkhIne paNa vasaMtaRtunuM ane vAsattika krIDAonuM manorama Alekhana karyuM che. emaNe AMtarayamakayukta keTalIka paMktiomAM gleSAlaMkAra paNa gUMthI lIdho che. neminAtha vizenuM A paNa eka uttama noMdhapAtra phAgukAvya che. vikramanA soLamA zatakamAM dhanadevagaNie suraMgAbhidha nemi phAgamAM neminAtha bhagavAnanA jIvanavRttAntanuM nirUpaNa karyuM che. te phAgukAvya karatAM kathAkAvya jevuM vizeSa lAge che, paraMtu kAvyakRti tarIke te uttama prakAranuM che. vikramanA soLamA zatakamAM digaMbara muni zrI viraca 137 kaDInA 'vIra vilAsa phAganI racanA karI che, jemAM neminAthanA jIvanaprasaMgonuM savigata varNana che. saLaMga duhAnI kaDIomAM racAyelI A kRtimAM neminAthanI jAnanA utArAnuM ane ugrasena rAjAe lagnotsava mATe nagaramAM karelI taiyArIonuM jevuM varNana thayuM gukAvyanI vikAsarekhA para 235

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che tevuM A viSayanI anya phAgukRtiomAM bahu ochuM jovA maLe che. rAjula potAnA pUrvanA azubha karmanA udayane kAraNe AvI paDelA du:kha vakhate je AtmaciMtana kare che emAM jainonI 'AloyaNA' AvI jAya che. e rIte A phAgukAvya anya phAgukAvyo karatAM keTalIka vaiyaktika lAkSaNikatA dharAve che. tapagacchanA kavi guNavijaye vikramanA sattaramA zatakamAM, vi. saM. 1681mAM nemijina phAganI racanA karI che. A kAvyanI eka lAkSaNikatA e che ke giranAra parvata ke jyAM neminAtha ane rAjula dIkSA laI vicaryA hatAM, kevaLajJAna pAmyAM hatAM ane nirvANa pAmyAM hatAM tyAMnA e pavitra vAtAvaraNamAM jAte rahIne, emAMthI preraNA meLavIne, kavie tyAM ja A kAvya lakhyuM che. A phAgukAvyamAM kavie nemi-rAjulanA jIvananA prasaMgonuM tAdaza ane bhAvavAhI Alekhana karyuM. A eka mahattvanI phAgakRti digaMbara paraMparAnA kavi zrI vidyAbhUSaNe vikramanA sattaramA zatakamAM nemIzvara phAga' nAmanuM phAgukAvya lakhyuM che. kAvyanI racanA saMskRta zlokamizrita gujarAtI kaDIomAM karavAmAM AvI che. saMskRta zloko paNa kAvyanuM ja eka aMga hovAthI kAvyAsvAdanA sAtatya mATe saMskRta zlokonuM samajaNapUrvakanuM paThana anivArya bane che. kavie neminAthanA pUrva bhavonuM paNa AraMbhamAM varNana karyuM che. A phAgukAvya caritrakAvya jevuM banI gayuM che, paraMtu kavitAnI dRSTie te eka samartha kRti che. tapagacchanA suprasiddha kavi, lokaprakAza', puNyaprakAzanuM stavana', 'zrIpALa rAjAno rAsa', jevI kRtionA kartA zrI vinayavijayajIe neminAtha bhramaragItA' nAmanI 39 kaDInI kRtinI racanA karI che. emAM vasaMtaRtu ke vanakrIDAnuM varNana nathI, paNa bhramaragItAnI zailIe rAjulanI virahavyAkuLatAnA varNanamAM vipralaMbha zRMgArarasanuM nirUpaNa thayuM che. vikramanA sattaramA zatakamAM tapagacchanA kavi zrI hemavijaye "raMgataraMga phAgu' nAmanI saMskRta zloka sahitanI racanAmAM, traNa khaMDanI 15ra kaDImAM neminAthanA kathAnakanA nirUpaNamAM emanA janma vakhate mAtAne AvatAM cauda svapnanuM ane bAla nemikumAranuM paNa sarasa varNana karyuM che. emaNe ratnamaMDana gaNinA "raMgasAgara phAganuM anusaraNa kareluM jaNAya che, topaNa emanI potAnI maulikatAnI sahaja pratIti thAya che. neminAtha vizenAM phAgukAvyomAMnuM A paNa eka noMdhapAtra phAgukAvya che. vikramanA aDhAramA zatakamAM kharataragacchanA kavi rAjaharSe trIsa kaDInA potAnA phAgukAvyamAM neminAthanA samagra jIvananuM nahi, paNa neminAthane phAga ramavA laI javAmAM Ave che e eka mukhya prasaMganuM Alekhana karyuM che. A phAgukAvyane 236 para sAhityadarzana

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kavie sugeya vRMdagIta jevuM banAvyuM che. A zatakamAM kavizrI kezave DhAla ane duhAnI 115 kaDInI neminAtha phAgu' nAmanI racanA karI che je laghu rAmakRti jevI banI che. kavie nemipurANanA AdhAre atimukta muninI je ghaTanA varNavI che te anya phAgu kRtiomAM jovA maLatI nathI. A kAvya kathAkAvya banI jatuM hovA chatAM neminAtha vizenAM phAgukAvyamAM te eka noMdhapAtra kAvya che. neminAtha vize samudhara, kAnta, dhanadeva, samara, padma, DuMgara, atizekhara, InDasaubhAgya, gasAgara, puNyaratna, mahimAmeru, kalyANakamala, labdhivijaya. labdhikallola, jinasamudra, harSaratna, jayanidhAna, uttamasAgara, ratnakIrti, keTalIka madhyama ke sAmAnya kakSAnI che. Ama chatAM ApaNAM phAgusAhityamAM keTalAMka uttama phAgukAvyonI racanA neminAtha vize thayelI jovA maLe che. phakta neminAtha vizenAM phAgukAvyonuM adhyayana karavAmAM Ave topaNa phAgukAvyanA prakArano vikAsa kevI rIte thato gayo te temAMthI jovA maLe che. sthUlibhadra vize phagukAvyo neminAthanA vRttAnta vize sauthI vadhu phAgukAvyo lakhAyAM che. e pachI saMkhyA, ane guNavattAnI dRSTie sthUlibhadra vizenAM phAgukAvyo Ave che. sthUlibhadranA kathAnakamAM zRMgArarasanA ane sAthe zAntarasanA nirUpaNa mATe sAro avakAza che. sthUlibhadra jainomAM prAtaH smaraNIya gaNAya che. potAnI pUrva samayanI priyatamA gaNikA kozAne tyAM, dIkSita thayelA muni yUlibhadra, guru mahArAjanI AjJA laI cAturmAsa mATe padhAre che tyAre kozAnI praNayaceSTAo hovA chatAM sthUlibhadra kAmavijetA rahe che ane kozAne paNa dharmabodha pamADI saMyamane mArge vALe che e ghaTanA addabhuta che. sthUlibhadranA kathAnakamAM rasanirUpaNa mATe ThIka ThIka avakAza hovAthI e vize sudIrgha rAsakRtionI racanA paNa thaI che ane prakIrNa laghukRtionI racanA paNa thaI che. sthUlibhadra vize lakhAyelI cAra jeTalI phAgukRtio hAla upalabdha che ane bhaviSyamAM vadhu kRtio bhaMDAromAMthI maLI AvavAno saMbhava che. je cAra kRti hAla ApaNane sAMpaDe che te kAvyanI daSTie paNa samartha che. A cAra phAgukRtio nIce mujaba che 1. jinapadrasUrikRta "sthUlibhadra phAga' 2. halarAjakRta "sthUlibhadra phAgu' 3. jayavaMtasUrikRta 'sthUlibhadra-kozA premavilAsa phAga' 4. mAladevakRta "sthUlibhadra phAga" gukAvyanI vikAsarekhA 237

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vizeSa AnaMdanI vAta e che ke atyAra sudhImAM maLatAM sauthI prAcIna phAgukAvyomAM zrI jinapadrasUrikRta "sthUlibhadra phAga paNa che. eTale sthUlibhadra vizenAM phAgukAvyomAM paNa A prathama phAgukAvya che. vikramanA caudamA saikAnA aMta bhAgamAM lakhAyelI A kRtinI racanA kavie sAta bhAsanI 27 kaDImAM karI che. pratyeka bhAsamAM eka kaDI duhAnI ane tyAra pachI thoDIka kaDIo roLA chaMdanI che. A phAgukAvyamAM zRMgArarasanA nirUpaNa mATe vasaMtaRtu nahi paNa varSARtunuM varNana karAyuM che, kAraNa ke muni sthUlibhadra aSADhI cAturmAsa mATe kozAne tyAM padhAre che. kavinI racanA ravAnukArI zabdothI, manohara citrothI ane prabhAvazALI saMvAdothI uttama koTinI kAvyakRti banI che. sthUlibhadra vizenAM zagukAvyomAM eka viziSTatA e jovA maLe che ke uttarottara lakhAyelI kRtio sudIrgha banatI gaI che. jinapasUrinI kRti 27 kaDInI che, kavi halarAjanI kRti 37 kaDInI che, jayavaMtasUrinI kRti 45 kaDInI che ane mAladevanI kRti 107 kaDInI che. kavi halarAje potAnI kRtinI racanA vi. saM. 1409mAM karI che eTale ke jinapadmasUrinI kRtinI racanA thayA pachI taratanA kALamAM ja enI racanA thaI che. eTale ja jinapadrasUrinI kRtinI jema A kRti paNa bhAsamAM - duhA ane roLAnI kaDIomAM - lakhAyelI che. emAM kathAnakanI thoDIka vadhu vigato AlekhAI che. madanarAja ane yUlibhadra vaccenA yuddhanuM ane sthUlibhadranA thayelA vijayanA citranuM sacoTa nirUpaNa emAM thayuM che. jinapadmasUrinA ane halarAjanA sthalibhadra vizenA phAgakAvya pachI, AzcaryanI vAta che ke be saikA sudhI sthUlibhadra vize koI phAgukAvya lakhAyuM hoya evuM jANavA maLatuM nathI. neminAtha vizenAM phAgukAvyonuM jevuM sAtatya rahyuM che tevuM sthUlibhadranA kathAnaka vize rahyuM nathI. tyAra pachI vikramanA sattaramA zatakamAM samartha kavi jayavaMtasUrie "sthUlibhadra kozA premavilAsa phAga' nAmanI 45 kaDInI racanA karI che. paraMtu A phAgakAvyanI viziSTatA e che ke emAM prathama kaDImAM nirdeza karyA pachI 41 kaDI sudhI kavie sthUlibhadra ke kozAno kazo nirdeza karyA nathI. kavino Azaya koI nAyaka-nAyikAnA prema ane virahanuM kAvyocita nirUpaNa karavAno hoya ema jaNAya che. eTale ja emaNe varSARtunuM nahi, paNa nAyikAnI virahavedanA nimitte vasaMtaRtunuM Alekhana karI phAgukAvyanA nAmane sArthaka karavAno prayAsa karyo che. emAM dhArmika ke sAMpradAyika prabhAva paDyo na hovAthI sau koI mATe A kAvya sarakhuM AsvAdya banyuM che. varNasagAI, AMtarayamakadi zabdAlAkAro ane upamArupaka ra38 mAM sAhityadarzana

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zleSAdi arthAlaMkAro vaDe ApatI A kRti sthUlibhadra vizenAM kAvyomAM judI ja bhAta pADe che. A sattaramA saikAnA pUrvArdhamAM kavi mAladevamunie racelA "sthalibhadra phAgamAM sthUlibhadranA jIvanavRttAntanuM nirUpaNa eka ja dezInI 107 kaDImAM karavAmAM AvyuM che. A kRti #gukAvya karatAM laghu rAsakRti jevI banI che, paraMtu emAM chaMdavaividhya ke DhALavaividhya nathI. kavie sthUlibhadra ane kozAnA saMbaMdha pUrvenI ghaTanAo paNa nirUpI che ane e pachInI ghaTanAo jevI ke guru bhadrabAhu svAmI pAse dasa pUrvano abhyAsa karyA pachI sthUlibhadre potAnI baheno AgaLa batAvelo camatkAra ane te pachI te mATe guru mahArAja pAse mAgelI kSamA ItyAdi ghaTanAo paNa varNavI che. subhASitothI maMDita kavi mAladevanI A phAgukRti e viSayanA phAgukAvyomAM judI ja bhAta pADe che. Ama paMdaramA zatakanA AraMbhanI be ane be sattaramA zatakanA pUrvArdhanI ema cAra phAgukRtio sthUlibhadra vize ApaNane sAMpaDe che ane te pratyekamAM potAnI AgavI lAkSaNikatA rahelI che. emAM phAgunA kAvyaprakArano vikAsakrama paNa nihALI zakAya che. vasaMta-zRMgAranAM phAgukAvyo vikramanA paMdaramA zatakamAM eTale ke phAgukAvyanA AraMbhanA kALamAM ja enI be mukhya paraMparA jovA maLe che. ekamAM koI kathAnakanuM AlaMbana laIne vasaMtaRtu ane zRMgArarasanuM nirUpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM che ane bIjImAM koI kathAnakanA AlaMbana vinA, sAmAnya nAyaka-nAyikAnA prasaMgorUpe vasaMtaRtu ane zRMgArarasanuM nirUpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. bIjI paraMparAnAM phAgukAvyomAM suprasiddha 'vasaMtavilAsa' nAmanA kAvyano samAveza thAya che. AvAM phAgukAvyo dhArmika ke AdhyAtmika prakAranAM nahi, paNa laukika, bhautika rasano AsvAda karAvanArAM che. "vasaMtavilAsa' uparAMta bIjAM keTalAMka phAgukAvyo A koTimAM Ave che. A kAvyomAM AraMbhamAM, vacce ke aMte saMyama, vairAgya, upazamanI kazI vAta AvatI nathI. anya pracalita kAvyonI jema ja emAM varNano, upamAdi alaMkAro, viziSTa uktio, zRMgArAdinuM rasanirUpaNa vagere jovA maLe che. phAgukAvya hovAthI A kAvyomAM vasaMtaRtunuM Agamana, khIlelI vanaspati, madanarAjanuM AkramaNa, virahiNIonI vyathA, nAyaka-nAyikAnuM subhaga, sukhada milana vagere temAM supere varNavAya che. koI ajJAta kavikRta 84 kaDInA A suvikhyAta vasaMtavilAsa' nAmanA phAgukAvyamAM duhAnI paMktiomAM kavie je sacoTa, manohara phAgukAvyanI vikAsarekhA - 239

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nirUpaNa karyuM che ethI aneka kAvyarasikonuM tathA vivecakonuM dhyAna kheMcAyuM che. emAM thayelI AMtarayAmakanI sucAru saMkalanAne lIdhe enI sacoTatA, mArmikatA, madhuratA, bhAvakatA hRdayane sahaja rIte AkarSI le che. kadalIgRha, talIyA toraNa, vaMdaravAla, caMdana bharelAM kacoLAM, malayasamIra ItyAdi uddIpana vibhAvanI sAmagrI, vananagaranuM rUpaka, nAyikAnI virahavedanA, vipralaMbha zRMgAranuM nirUpaNa, uakSAdi alaMkAro, nAyikAnI upAlaMbharUpa anyokti vagere vaDe eka suzliSTa ane sArdhata AsvAdya banelI evI hRdayaMgama kAvyakati tarIke 'vasaMtavilAsa' mAtra phAgukAvyomAM ja nahi, samagra gujarAtI sAhityamAM anokhuM sthAna dharAve che. 'vasaMtavilAsa' jevuM ja 'vasaMtavilAsa' nAmanuM bIjuM eka phugukAvya maLe che jenA kartA che sonI rAma arthAt rAma nAmanA sonI. bAvana kaDInA A kAvyamAM kavie pati bahAragAma jatAM utkaTa virahavyathA anubhavatI, vilApa karatI nAyikAnuM manorama zabdacitra doryuM che. virahanI vyAkuLatAmAM nAyikAnA mukhamAM kavie mUkelAM dRSTAnto sacoTa che. kAvyamAM aMte nAyaka-nAyikAnuM milana saMkSepamAM varNavAyuM che. vasaMtazRMgAranuM nirUpaNa karatI bIjI je keTalIka kRtio maLe che te madhyamakakSAnI che. duhAnI soLa kaDImAM racAyeluM guNacaMdrasUrikata 'vasaMta phAgu' vastutaH guNacaMdrasUrinuM che ke koI ajaina kavinuM che te nizcita nathI. kavie virahiNI yuvatIonI virahavedanAnuM mArmika nirUpaNa temAM karyuM che. vastrAlaMkAranA varNanamAM kavie gujarAta, mahArASTra, soraThanI lAkSaNikatAo darzAvI che. kAvyanI keTalIka paMktio para ajJAta kavikRta 'vasaMtavilAsanI chAyA varatAya che. A uparAMta koI ajJAta kavie racelA trIsa kaDInA 'kAmIjana vizrAma taraMga gItamAM vasaMtAgamana, vasaMtamAM khIlatI vanaspatio, bhramarane upAlaMbha, virahiNInI vedanA, premilanano AnaMda vagerenuM nirUpaNa thayuM che. - vikramanA soLamA saikAmAM anya koI ajJAta kavie "cupai phAgu'nI racanA karI che. A kAvyanI lAkSaNikatA e che ke 60 kaDInuM AkhuM kAvya kSagubaMdhamAM nahi paNa copAI chaMdamAM lakhAyuM che. emAM koI kathAnaka levAyuM nathI. emAM vasaMtavarNana, vanakrIDAvarNana, vastrAlaMkAravarNana ityAdinuM nirUpaNa thayuM che. A kAvyanI bIjI eka lAkSaNikatA e che ke te phAgukAvya ane bAramAsI kAvyanA mizraNa jevuM kAvya banyuM che. vikramanA soLamA saikAmAM koI ajJAta kavie racelI kRti viraha desAurI phAgu'mAM enuM zIrSaka darzAve che te pramANe priyatama dezAvara javAne kAraNe virahapIDA anubhavatI nAyikAnI bhinnabhinna avasthAonuM sarasa nirUpaNa thayuM che. pati 240 4 sAhityadarzana

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dezAvara javAnI taiyArI kare che te prasaMganuM ane dezAvarathI aMte pAcho phare che ane nAyaka-nAyikAnuM milana thAya che te prasaMganuM lAghavayukta sarasa sacoTa nirUpaNa thayuM che. emAM nAyikAnA manobhAva AbehUba vyakta thayA che. vasaMtazRMgAranAM phAgukAvyomAM A paNa eka mahattvanI kRti che. alabatta, enA upara paNa 'vasaMtavilAsa'no prabhAva paDelo jaNAya che. soLamA zatakamAM anya koI ajJAta kavie bAra kaDInuM eka phAgukAvya lakhyuM che emAM paraMparAnusAra vasaMtapta, nAyikAnI virahavyathA, khIlatI vanaspatithI vadhatI vyAkuLatA, aMte priyatama sAthenuM milana ItyAdi nirUpAyAM che. vasaMtazRMgAranAM A badhAM phAgukAvyo mukhyatve paMdaramA ane soLamA saikAmAM lakhAyAM che. temAMnAM ghaNAMkharAM ajena kavine hAthe lakhAyAM che. emAM paryavasAna saMyamaupazamamAM nahi paNa saMyoga zRMgArarasamAM thayuM che. tIrtha vize phAgukAvyo jaina sAdhu kavioe madhyakALamAM jema tIrthaMkara bhagavAna vizenAM phAgukAvyo lakhyAM tema tIrthaMkara paramAtmAnAM pratimAjI jemAM birAjamAna karavAmAM AvyAM hoya evAM keTalAMka suprasiddha tIrtho vizenAM phAgukAvyo paNa lakhyAM che. tIrtha vizenAM phAgukAvyomAM tIrthano mahimA, tIrthakara bhagavAnanAM pratimAjInI pUjAbhakti ane e nimitte thatAM bhaktinRtyo tathA vasaMta RtumAM tIrthayAtrA mATe nIkaLatA saMgho vagerenuM nirUpaNa karavAno sAro avakAza kavione prApta thAya che. madhyakALamAM phAgukAvyo mukhyatve rAjasthAnamAM lakhAyAM che. eTale tIrtha vizenAM phAgukAvyo paNa ghaNuMkharuM rAjasthAnamAM lakhAyAM che. vaLI je jaina suprasiddha tIrthonI kAvyanA viSaya tarIke pasaMdagI thaI che e tIrtho paNa bahudhA rAjasthAnamAM AvelAM che. jainonuM mahimAvaMtuM moTuM tIrtha te zatruMjaya che, paraMtu e vize eka paNa phAgukAvya lakhAyuM nathI. sametazikhara paNa evuM ja mahattvanuM tIrtha che, paraMtu e to ghaNuM ja dUra, pUrva bhAratamAM AveluM che. e kALe sametazikharanA yAtrA saMgho gujarAta-rAjasthAnamAMthI nIkaLatA nahi. eTale e vize phAgukAvya na lakhAyuM hoya te samajI zakAya che. neminAtha vizenAM phAgukAvyomAM giranAra parvanI vAta Ave che. giranAra neminAthanI dIkSA, kevaLajJAna ane nirvANa kalyANakanI bhUmi che. paraMtu giranAra tIrtha vize paNa koI gukAvya lakhAyuM nathI. jUnA vakhatamAM pagapALA yAtrAsaMgho nIkaLatA. ghaNuMkharuM koI guru mahArAjanI preraNAthI ane emanI nizrAmAM yAtrAsaMghonuM Ayojana thatuM. evA yAtrAsaMgho TUMkA aMtaranA rahetA. eTale rAjasthAnamAM vicaratA sAdhumahAtmAonI nizrAmAM nIkaLelA evA rAjasthAnanAM tIrthonA yAtrAsaMgho vize phAgukAvyo savizeSa phAgukAvyanI vikAsarekhA - 241

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lakhAya te samajI zakAya ema che. atyAra sudhImAM tera jeTalAM phAgakAvyo tIrtha vize lakhAyelAM maLI AvyAM che. A tIrthomAM "rAvaNi pArzvanAtha' vize cAra phAgukAvyo lakhAyAM che. taduparAMta rANakapuranuM tIrtha paNa ghaNuM mahattvanuM che. e vize tathA citoDanA AdinAtha, baMbhaNavADAnA mahAvIra svAmI, jAloranA pArzvanAtha, jIrAvalAnA pArzvanAtha tathA zaMkhezvara pArzvanAtha vize phAgukAvyo lakhAyAM che. jaina tIrthomAM Aje paNa pArzvanAtha bhagavAnanAM tIrtho vadhu che. eTale phAgukAvyomAM paNa ATha jeTalAM phAgukAvyo pArzvanAtha bhagavAnanA tIrtha vize lakhAyAM che. tIrtha vizenAM A phAgukAvyomAM somasuMdarasUrikata raMgasAgara pArtha tIrthakara phAga', ajJAta kavikRta "rANakapuramaMDana caturmukha AdinAtha phAga', prasannacaMdrasUrikRta "rAvaNi pArzvanAtha phAga', merunaMdanakRta "jIrApallI pArzvanAtha phAga', harSakuMkRta "rAvaNa pArzvanAtha phAga', zivasuMdarakRta "citoDa AdinAtha phAga', vagere kAvyakRti tarIke mahattvanAM che. kavi khemarAje caityaparipATInA prakAranuM phAgukAvya lakhyuM che, jemAM saMgha mAtra koI eka tIrthanI nahi, paNa ghaNAM tIrthonI yAtrA karavA nIkaLato hoya che. kavi samare aSTApada tIrtha vize eno mAtra mahimA darzAvatuM kAvya lakhyuM che, kAraNa ke e tIrtha lupta thaI gayeluM che. | tIrthayAtrA prasaMge vasaMtaRtunuM lAkSaNika nirUpaNa ghaNAMkharAM phAgukAvyomAM thayuM che. emAM keTaluMka nirUpaNa paraMparAnusArI che. tIrthano mahimA ane pratimAjInI bhavyatA paNa A kAvyomAM varNavAI che. A badhAM phAgukAvyomAM somasuMdarasUrikRta raMgasAgara pArtha tIrthakara phAga', ajJAta kavikRta "rANapura maMDana caturmukha AdinAtha phAga ane prasannacaMdrasUrikRta 'rAMvaNi pArzvanAtha phAga' kAvyakRti tarIke caDiyAtAM tIrthaMkaro vize phAgukAvyo jainomAM tIrthaMkara paramAtmAnA jIvanacaritrano mahimA aparaMpAra che. eTale sauthI vadhu phAgukAvyo tIrthaMkaro vize lakhAya e svAbhAvika che. emAM paNa neminAtha bhagavAnanAM jIvanamAM vAgdattA rAjula sAthenA lagnano, saMyamamAM pariNamato prasaMga bahu kavipriya banyo che. jenomAM vartamAna covIsInA covIsa tIrthakaromAM pAMca tIrthakaro mukhya gaNAya che, jemanA jIvana vize vadhu mAhitI upalabdha che. A pAMca tIrthakaro che : 1. RSabhadeva athavA AdinAtha, 2. zAntinAtha, 3. neminAtha, 4. pArzvanAtha, 5. mahAvIra svAmI. 24ra sAhityadarzana

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A pAMca tIrthakaromAM neminAtha pachI vadhu phAgukAvyo pArzvanAtha vize lakhAyAM che. te pachI AdinAtha ane zAntinAtha vize phagukAvyo lakhAyAM che. AzcaryanI vAta e che ke zrI mahAvIra svAmInA jIvana vize ghaNI badhI vigato maLe che chatAM temanA vize eka paNa phAgukAvya lakhAyuM hoya evuM jANavA maLatuM nathI. baMbhaNavADA tIrthanA zrI mahAvIra svAmI vize phAgukAvya lakhAyuM che, paNa e to tIrthano mahimA gAtuM kAvya che. mahAvIra svAmInA jIvananI ghaTanAo phAgukAvya mATe anukULa nahi hoya ema mAnavuM rahyuM. joke emane vize stavanAdi prakAranAM aneka kAvyo lakhAyAM che e paNa noMdhavuM joIe. bhagavAna RSabhadeva vize be phAgukAvya prApta thAya che: (1) lIMbokRta RSabhadeva phAga' ane (2) bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa kRta 'AdinAtha phAga'. baMnemAM RSabhadeva bhagavAnanA jIvananI vigato varNavAI che. baMne kAvyo soLamA saikAmAM racAyAM che. emAM digaMbara paraMparAnA kavi jJAnabhUSaNe saMskRta zloka ane gujarAtI kaDI ema sAthe maLIne pAMcasothI adhika kaDImAM kAvyanI racanA karI che, jemAM gujarAtI kaDIonI saMkhyA 262 jeTalI che. kavi lIMbonI racanA ra7 kaDI jeTalI che, paraMtu emAM kavie vasaMtavarNanane mahattva ApyuM che. bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNanuM kAvya prabhAvazALI che, paraMtu te mukhyatve caritranA prakAranuM che. bhagavAna zAntinAtha vize be zagukRtio upalabdha che: (1) bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti kRta "zAntinAtha phAga' ane (2) ratnavijayakRta "zAntinAtha phAga'. A baMne phAgukAvyamAM soLamA tIrthaMkara zrI zAntinAtha bhagavAnanA keTalAka jIvanaprasaMgo varNavAyA che. pArzvanAtha bhagavAna vize soLamA saikAmAM lakhAyelAM be phAgukAvyo upalabdha cheH (1) somakIrtikRta pArzvanAtha vasaMtavilAsa' ane (2) padmamaMdira kRta "pArzvanAtha phaga." somakIrtie 82 kaDInA potAnA zagukAvyamAM pArzvanAtha bhagavAnanA pUrva bhavanuM paNa varNana karyuM che. bAramA tIrthaMkara vAsupUjya svAmI vize vikramanA sattaramA saikAmAM lakhAyelA kavi kalyANakRta vAsupUjya manorama phAga' pramANamAM sudIrgha che. 21 DhAlamAM enI racanA thayelI che. eTale te laghu rAmakRti jevI racanA banI gaI che. paraMtu kavie emAM keTalIka DhAla "phAgubaMdhamAM prayojI che. kavie pote ja potAnI kRtine ekathI vadhu vAra phAgu' tarIke oLakhAvI che. A phAgumAM zrI vAsupUjya svAmInuM caritra, pUrvabhava sahita nirupAyuM che. tIrthakaro vize maLatI bIjI be nAnI kRtio te nyAyasAgarakRta sujAta gukAvyanI vikAsarekhA 243

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prabhu phAga' ane ajJAta kavikRta "tIrthakara phAgu' che. stutinA prakAranI A laghu kRtio madhyama kakSAnI che. vyaktiviSayaka anya gumAvyo vyakti vizenAM phAgukAvyo to ghaNAM lakhAyAM che. paraMtu temAMthI neminAtha vizenAM. anya tIrthakaro vizenAM, sthUlibhadra vizenAM tathA gurubhagavaMta vizenAM phAgumAvyo judAM tAravI laIe to te sivAyanI keTalIka vyaktio vize lakhAyelAM phAgukAvyo paNa prApta thAya che. AvAM phAgukAvyonI saMkhyA jhAjhI nathI. AvAM cha jeTalAM phAgukAvyo atyAra sudhImAM prApta thayAM che. emAM jaMbUsvAmI vize be phAgukAvyo tathA bharatezvara, zAlibhadra, rAmacaMdra, zrIkRSNa ane pAMca pAMDavo vize eka eka phAgukAvya che. A phAgukAvyomAM upAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajInI jaMbusvAmI vizenI kRti brahmagItA'nA prakAranI che. ajJAtakavikata "bUsvAmI phAga', ajJAta kavikRta puruSottama pAMca pAMDava phAga ane ajJAta kavikRta 'bharate para cakravartI phAga' e kRtio vikramanA paMdaramA saikAmAM lakhAyelI che. emAM vasaMtavarNana, zRMgArarasanuM nirUpaNa ItyAdi jaina phAgukAvyomAM jovA maLe tevAM che. "zAlibhadra phAgu' soLamAM saikAmAM lakhAyuM che. A vyaktiviSayaka phAgukAvyomAM te te mahAna vyaktinA jIvananA prasaMgo sahita emano mahimA darzAvAyo che. phAgukAvya mATe viSayanI navInatAnI khoja A kavione tevAM preraka jIvanacaritro tarapha dorI gaI che. ethI phAgusAhityamAM vaividhya AvyuM che. gurubhagavaMta vize phAgukAvyo jaina dharmamAM gurubhagavaMtano mahimA apAra che. rojeroja dravyakriyArUpe vidhipUrvaka guru mahArAjane vaMdana karavAnI praNAlikA to prAcInakALathI cAlI Ave che, paraMtu bhAvavaMdananuM paNa eTaluM ja mahattva che. gurubhagavaMta vinA mokSamArga para AgaLa vadhavAnuM zakya nathI. eTale ja gurunI AjJA ane gurunI kRpA e baMne eTalAM ja mahimAvaMtAM manAya che. sAmAnya rIte je dIkSA Ape te guru hoya. paNa jaina paraMparAmAM vizALa sAdhusamudAyamAM jyAM vaDIla AcArya, gacchanAyaka vidyamAna hoya tyAM dIkSAnI vidhi teo karAve, teo dIkSAguru bane ane pachI te vyaktine anyanA ziSya tarIke jAhera karavAmAM Ave. AvuM jyAM bane tyAM muninA be guru hoya, eka potAnA guru ane bIjA dIkSAguru, potAnA gurune AcAryanI padavI apAI hoya, emanA hAthe koI maMdiramAM 24 ka sAhityadarzana

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pratiSThA thavAnI hoya athavA emanI nizrAmAM koI saMgha nIkaLavAno hoya athavA evo anya koI zubha moTo avasara hoya tyAre koIka ziSyone ke praziSyone potAnA gurubhagavaMta vize prazastinA prakAranuM koIka kAvya lakhavAnuM mana thAya e svAbhAvika che. e mATe ziSya...ziSyamAM evI racanA karavA mATenI kavitvazakti hovI jarUrI che. alabatta, evI racanA thAya tyAre te uttama koTinI kAvyakRti ja bane evuM anivArya nathI, paraMtu emAM kavinA hRdayanI sAcI gurabhakti rahelI hoya che. madhyakALamAM AvI gurubhakti nimitte keTalAMka phAgukAvyonuM sarjana thayuM che. AvI keTalIka phAgukRtimAM vasaMtaRtu ane madanarAjanA prabhAva sAme guru bhagavaMtano vijaya batAvavAmAM Avyo che. keTalAkamAM mAtra phAgubaMdhamAM racanA thayelI hoya che ane ethI te phAgukAvya tarIke oLakhAya che. guru bhagavaMta vize AvAM vIsathI vadhu phAgukAvyo lakhAyAM che. ghaNAMkharAM kAvyomAM kavie potAnA nAmano nirdeza paNa karyo nathI. eTale e ajJAta kavikRta ja rahe che. je gurabhagavaMto vize phAgukAvyo lakhAyAM che temAMnAM keTalAMkamAM kavinAM nAma che. je gurubhagavaMto vize phAgukAvya lakhAyAM che te che yazekharasUri, hemahaMsa, jayakIrti, devaratna, kIrtiratna, jinacaMdra, hemavimala, hemaratna, jinahaMsa, jinaratna, puNyaratna, amararatna, dharmamUrti, hIravijaya, padmasAgara ityAdi. eka gukAvya bhagavAna zrI mahAvIrasvAmInA prathama gaNadhara guru gautamasvAmI vize paNa lakhAyuM che ane traNeka zagukAvyo gurnAvalInA prakAranAM lakhAyAM che. A phAgukAvyomAMnAM keTalAMka kadamAM nAnAM madhyama kakSAnAM che, to keTalAMkamAM kavie potAnI sArI kavitvazakti dAkhavI che. emAM "jayazekharasUri phAga', "hemahaMsasUri suguru phAga', jayakIrtisUri phAga', hemaratnasUri phAga', 'sumatisuMdara phAga', "dharmamUrti guru phAga' vagere gaNAvI zakAya. kavi haMsadhIre to potAnA guru hemavimalasUri vize be phAgukAvyo lakhyAM che. gurubhagavaMto vize lakhAyelAM A badhAM phAgukAvyonI eka upayogitA e che ke emAMthI potAnA gurubhagavaMtanA jIvana vize keTalIka vigato sAMpaDI rahe che, je aitihAsika dRSTie ghaNI mahattvanI che. vaLI e jamAnAnuM samAjacitra paNa keTalAMka kAvyomAM pratibiMbita thayuM che. Ama, gurubhagavaMta vizenAM phAgukAvyo ApaNA phAgusAhityanA vikAsanuM eka mahattvanuM aMga banI rahe che. phAgukAvyanI vikAsarekhA - 245

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AdhyAtmika kSagukAvyo vasaMtavarNana ane skUla-sUkSma zRMgArarasanuM nirUpaNa e phAgukAvyanAM mahattvanAM lakSaNo che, paraMtu kAmapoSaka pUla zRMgArarasanuM nirUpaNa jaina sAdhu kavione mAnya na ja hoya e dekhItuM che. eTale keTalAka jaina kavie zRMgArarasano yatkiMcita nirdeza karI, saMyama-paryavasAyI kRtionI racanA karI, to keTalAke hoLI ane phAga gAvAnA prasaMgane ja rUpaka zailIe ghaTAvI A kAvyaprakArane AdhyAtmika vaLAMka Apyo che. madhyakAlamAM pAMcadasa jeTalI kaDInI padanA prakAranI AvI ghaNI racanAo thaI che. horIno eka svataMtra kAvyaprakAra vikasyo hato ane evI saMkhyAbaMdha kRtionI racanA thaI hatI. (bhImazI mANeke Avo eka horIsaMgraha' prasiddha karyo hato. joke AvI badhI racanAomAMthI keTalIka kRtio phAgunA kAvyaprakAramAM samAveza karI zakAya evI che. AvA AdhyAtmika prakAranAM dasathI vadhu phAgukAvyo maLe che. vikramanA soLamAM zatakamAM koI ajJAta kavie "vAhaNanuM phAga'nI rUpakaulIe racanA karI che. emAM saMsAra te samudra, kAyA te vahANa, te dvArA pahoMcavAnuM che muktipurI, vahANamAM tArUpI kUvAstaMbha che, ziyaLarUpI saDha che, jJAnarUpI laMgara che, dharmadhyAnarUpI halesAM che, manarUpI vAyu che ityAdi rUpako prayojAyAM che. A phAgukAvyamAM vasaMtavarNanathI, zRMgArarasanuM nirUpaNa nathI. phAgunuM eka mahattvanuM lakSaNa te AMtarayamakavALA duhA emAM che. kavie A kAvyamAM rUpakanI sacoTa ane aucityapUrNa kalpanA karI che. sattaramA saikAmAM ApaNane raMgakuzalakata "bhAvavairAgya holI phAga', banArasIdAsakRta "adhyAtma phAga' ane labdhiratnakRta "zIla phAga' jevI kRtio sAMpaDe che. raMgakuzala potAnI phAgukatimAM rUpaka prayojatAM kahe che ke dharmarUpI hoLI che ane te ramavAnuM sthaLa pauSadhazALA che. ramanAra caturvidha saMgha che. zIla te kuMkumanAM chAMTaNAM che, zrAvakanA guNa te kesUDAM che, karmavicAraNArUpI picakArI che, cauda guNasthAnarUpI staMbha che ane dhyAnarUpI dhajA che. banArasIdAse potAnA phAgukAvyamAM yojelA rUpaka pramANe saMzayarUpI pAnakhara vItI gaI che, mAyArUpI aMdhArI rAtri pUrI thaI gaI che, moharUpI kAdava sukAI gayo che, vasaMtaptanuM Agamana thatAM sumatirUpI kokilA kUjana karavA lAgI che, dayA rUpI mIThAI che, tArUpI mevA che, zIlarUpI salila che ane saMyamarUpI nAgarapAna che. | vikramanA aDhAramA zatakamAM lakSmIvallabhagaNikata "adhyAtma phAga', kAmarAjukRta caitanya phAga" ane "dharmasAga, labdhivijayakRta 'adhyAtma phAga', ra46 . sAhityadarzana

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kAmarAnukata "caitanya phAga' ane dharmasAga', labdhivijayakRta "adhyAtma phAga', ajJAta kavikRta rUpaka zailInuM adhyAtma phAga', vRddhivijayakRta "jJAnagItA', sevakakRta AlocanA phAga' vagere kAvyo upalabdha che. keTalAke emAM rUpako prayojyAM che. kavi vRddhivijayajIe to "jJAnagItA' nAmanI potAnI kRtimAM varNavyA pramANe mahArAjA potAnA kAma, krodha, lobha, matsara vagere subhaTo sAthe caDAI kare che. nArInA nayanakakSa rUpI bANa bhalabhalA puruSonA hRdayane vIMdhI nAkhe che. paraMtu evI nArIne vaza na thavAnI kavi bhalAmaNa kare che, ane vaza na thanAra mahAtmAonAM udAharaNa Ape che. kavi A rIte saMyama ane upazamano bodha Ape che. kavi udayavijayakRta pArzvanAtha rAjagItAmAM AraMbhanI thoDIka kaDIomAM zaMkhezvara pArzvanAtha bhagavAnanI stuti che ane tyAra pachI nArIthI vimukha thavA mATeno bodha che. vRddhivijaya ane udayavijayanA phAgukAvyomAM ghaNuM sAmya che. Ama, madhyakAlamAM jaina kavioe phAgukAvyano Azraya laIne tyAga, vairAgya, saMyama, upazamano mahimA gAyo che. vaiSNava phAgukAvyo phAgukAvyomAM mukhya pradAna jaina kavionuM rahyuM che. prApta thatAM doDhaso jeTalAM phAgukAvyomAM 125thI vadhu phAgukAvyo jaina kavioe racelAM che. AthI phAgukAvyonA jaina vAtAvaraNamAM vaiSNava phAgukAvyo spaSTa judAM tarI Ave che. eTale mAtra viSayavAra sthUla vargIkaraNanI dRSTie vaiSNava phAgukAvyono judo vibhAga karI zakAya. joke e vibhAga eTalo mAtabara nathI, kAraNa ke phakta cAra jeTalAM vaiSNava gumAvyo prApta thAya che, jemAM eka apUrNa che, ekanuM kartRtva saMdigdha che ane eka anya moTI kRtimAM aMtargata che. A cAre phAgumAM bhAgavata purANa anusAra zrIkRSNanA jIvanaprasaMgo varNavAyA che. jaina sAdhu kavioe bahudhA potAnI kRtine upazamaparyavasAyI banAvI che. vaiSNava phAgukAvyomAM tevuM banyuM nathI. vaiSNava phAgukAvyo nIce pramANe prApta thAya che : (1) natarSikRta "nArAyaNa phAgu' (2) ajJAta kavikRta "hari vilAsa phAgu (3) kezavadAsakRta 'vasaMta vilAsa" (4) caturbhujakRta "bhramaragItA' nArAyaNa phAgu' 6 8 kaDInI racanA che. enA racanAkALa, racanAsthaLa ke racanAkrata vize kazI nizcita mAhitI sAMpaDatI nathI. A koI jaina kavinI kRti hoI zake evo mata paNa darzAvAyo che. bhASAsvarUpa parathI te paMdaramA zatakanI phAgukAvyanI vikAsarekhA 247

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kRti hoya ema mAnavAmAM Ave che. zrIkRSNa ane gopIonA vasaMtavihAranuM emAM nirUpaNa che. enA AlekhanamAM suprasiddha phAgukAvya 'vasaMtavilAsa'no prabhAva paDyo hoya ema spaSTa jaNAya che. ajJAta kavikRta 'harivilAsa phAgu' nAmanI kRtimAM bhAgavatanA dazama skaMdhanA AdhAre zrIkRSNa ane gopIonI rAsakrIDAnuM varNana thayeluM che. taduparAMta emAM kaMsavadha, pralaMbanavadha, kAliyamardana, govardhana parvata vagere ghaTanAonuM paNa varNana thayuM che. A kAvyanI 132 kaDI maLe che, paNa kAvyamAM chellI thoDIka kaDIo khUTatI hoya ema lAge che. e hastapratanI kSati hovAno saMbhava che. ekaMdare A eka mahattvanI samartha kRti hovAnI chApa paDe che. vikramanA soLamA zatakanA kavi kezavadAsakRta 'vasaMtavilAsa' e koI svataMtra kRti nathI, paNa 41 sargamAM lakhAyelA emanA 'zrIkRSNalIlA kAvya'no te eka khaMDa che. emAM zrIkRSNa ane gopIonI rAsalIlAnuM ane vasaMtakrIDAnuM AMtarayamakavALA duhAmAM nirUpaNa thayuM che. kavie emAM zRMgA22sanuM rasika ane ziSTa nirUpaNa karyuM che. kavi caturbhujakRta 'bhramaragItA' soLamA zatakanI kRti che. emAM zrIkRSNa ane gopIonA virahanuM Alekhana thayuM che. zrIkRSNa uddhavane potAnA saMdezA sAthe gokuLa mokale che. uddhava naMdayazodAne ane gopa-gopIone maLe che ane zrIkRSNanA prasaMgone saMbhAre che. gopIoe potAnI je utkaTa virahavedanA vyakta karI che tenuM sarasa nirUpaNa A phAgukAvyamAM thayuM che. ApaNA phAgusAhityamAM viSayanirUpaNanI dRSTie A vaiSNava phAgukAvyo judI viziSTa bhAta pADe che. lokakathA-viSayaka phAgukAvyo phAgukAvyamAM vasaMtavarNana ane zRMgA22sanuM nirUpaNa Avazyaka che. paraMtu zRMgA22sanuM nirUpaNa karavAmAM keTaluMka sAhasa paNa che. emAM paNa viSaya tarIke halakI lokakathA levAmAM AvI hoya tyAre to kAvya keTalI UtaratI koTinuM bane che te jovA maLe che. madhyakALamAM, vizeSataH vikramanA soLamA-sattaramA zatakamAM sthUla zRMgA22sanuM ane kAmakrIDAnuM ughADuM varNana keTalAMka azlIla phAgukAvyomAM thavA lAgyuM hatuM. kAvyatattva ane aziSTa grAmyatA e be vaccethI sarahada para Ave evAM paNa keTalAMka phAgukAvyo lakhAyAM che. e mATe evA prakAranI lokakathA pasaMda thatI. vikramanA soLamA saikAmAM koI ajJAta ajaina kavie potAnA mohinI phAgu' mATe mohinI ane vaNajArAnI aziSTa, buddhi cAturyayukta lokakathA pasaMda karI che. A kAvyanI nAyikA nAma pramANe guNa dharAvatI mohinI che. patinA viyogamAM kAmAtura 248 * sAhityadarzana

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banatAM te cAra puruSo sAthe kevI kAmakrIDA mANe che tenuM nirUpaNa kavie A pha-kAvyamAM karyuM che. kavie kAvyamAM keTalAka aziSTa zabdo paNa prayojyA che. niSiddha ane khAnagImAM gavAtAM azlIla phAguono kaMIka khyAla Ape evA prakAranuM A kAvya che. phAgunA kAvyasvarUpanA AraMbhakALathI ja emAM koIka kathAnaka levAnI paraMparA jaina sAdhu kaviomAM cAlu thaI gaI hatI. paraMtu emAM uttarottara vadhu vyApakatA AvatI gaI hatI ane paurANika ke aitihAsika kathA uparAMta pracalita lokakathA levAnuM paNa cAlu thayuM hatuM. vikramanA sattaramA zatakanA kavi kanakasome potAnA phAgukAvya mATe maMgalakalazanI vAta pasaMda karI che. A kathA paurANika ke aitihAsika nathI, paraMtu kAlpanika che. alabatta, madhyakALamAM e kathA jaina kaviomAM eTalI pracalita thaI hatI ke enA upara saMskRtamAM ne gujarAtImAM rAsAdi kAvyo lakhAyAM che. eTale A kathAnaka phAgu mATe pasaMda thAya e svAbhAvika che. alabatta, maMgalakalaza vize mAtra A eka ja phAgukAvya prApta thAya che. eTale ke enuM anusaraNa phAgu tarIke pachI thayuM nathI. maMgalakalaza e vyaktivizeSanuM nAma che. A pracalita kathAnA nirUpaNa dvArA kavino uddeza to dharmabodha ApavAno che. phAga, duhA, cupai, aDhayA tathA vividha dezIonI 16 6 kaDImAM A kRtinI racanA thaI che. emAM phAgunA thoDAMka lakSaNo che, paNa mahattvanAM lakSaNo nathI. kartAe pote ja ene phAgukAvya tarIke oLakhAvyuM che. e parathI phAgukAvyanA svarUpano khyAla keTalo vyApaka banyo haze te jaNAya prakIrNa viSayanAM phAgukAvyo neminAtha, anya tIrthakaro, sthUlibhadra, guru bhagavaMto, tIrtho vagere vize vividha prakAranAM phAgukAvyo lakhAyAM che. taduparAMta evAM keTalAka phAgukAvyo lakhAyAM che ke jeno samAveza AvA koI viSayavAra vargIkaraNamAM thaI zakato nathI. ethI evAM zagukAvyone prakIrNa viSayanAM phAgukAvya tarIke oLakhAvavAM e ja vadhu ucita gaNAya. AvAM cAreka phAgukAvyonakI mAhitI upalabdha che. A cAre kAvyano nizcita racanAkALa jANavA maLato nathI. A cAra phAgumAvyo che: 1. ajJAta kavikRta "mUrkha phAga', 2. ajJAta kavikRta "mAtRkA phAga', 3. jItacandrakRta 'bhAsa phAgaNI', 4. ajJAta kavikRta 'gaNapati phAga'. 65 kaDInA "mUrkha phAganI phAgubaMdhamAM thayelI racanA jotAM te kAvya koI phagukAvyanI vikAsarekhA - 249

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ajaina kavie lakheluM hoya tema jaNAya che. emAM kajoDAMno viSaya levAyo che. nAyikA rasika ane catura che ane pati niHsatva ane arasika che. ethI baMne vacce dehasaMbaMdha thato nathI. kAvyamAM nAyikA potAnI manovedanA sakhIo AgaLa vyakta kare che. paraMtu sakhI ene sAMtvana Ape che. ethI nAyikA vyabhicAra tarapha vaLatI nathI. AthI kAvya vikRta banatAM aTakI gayuM che. mAtRkA phAganI racanA koI jaina kavie karelI che. emAM 31 kaDI che. mAtRkA athatu eka pachI eka varNAkSarathI zarU thatI paMktimAM racanA thayelI hovAthI enuM nAma "mAtRkA phAga rakhAyuM che. madhyakAlamAM AvI mAtRkAnA prakAranI keTalIka kRti lakhAI che, paraMtu emAM phAgunA prakAranI A eka ja kRti upalabdha che. emAM kavie ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya ane aparigraha e pAMca mahAvratonA pAlana vize tathA aDhAra prakAranAM pApothI bacavA vize upadeza vaNI lIdho che. kavinI keTalIka sacoTa paMktio muktaka jevI ke subhASita jevI banI che. jItacaMdrakRta 'bhAsa phAguNI' eka laghu phAgukRti che. phakta cha kaDInI A racanA stutinA prakAranI che. koI ajJAta kavie gaNapati phAgu' nAmanA eka phAgukAvyanI racanA karelI che je azlIla che. khAnagImAM gavAtAM azlIla phAgukAvyo to aneka haze, paNa A phAgukAvyane hastapratamAM sthAna maLyuM che e Azcaryajanaka che. A aprakAzita phAgukAvya prakAzita thavAne pAtra nathI. madhyakALamAM je prakIrNa prakAranAM phAgukAvyo maLe che te sAdhAraNa kakSAnAM che. saMskRta bhASAmAM phAgukAvyo phAguno kAvyaprakAra jUnI gujarAtI bhASAno che, paNa te tyAre eTalo badho lokapriya nIvaDyo hato ke enuM saMskRta bhASAmAM avataraNa karavAnuM mana jaina sAdhu paMDita kavione thayuM hatuM. AvI rIte saMskRta bhASAmAM racAyelAM keTalAMka phAgukAvyo atyAra sudhImAM upalabdha thayAM che, paraMtu haju vadhu saMskRta phAgukAvyo hastapratonA bhaMDAramAMthI upalabdha thavAno saMbhava che. upalabdha thayelI pAMca phAgukRtio nIce pramANe che: 1. AnaMdamANikya kRta banavakhaMDA pArzvanAtha stavana' 2. hIravijayasUrikRta nAbheya stavana', 3. sakalacaMdra gaNikRta "zrI sImaMdharajina stavana', 4. upAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajIkRta "nAbhe jinastavana', 5. jayasuMdarasUrikRta "mahAvIra stavana phAgubaMdha. A phAgukAvyonAM nAma jotAM spaSTa jaNAya che ke te saMskRtamAM stavananA prakAranI racanA che. A racanAo tIrthakara bhagavAna vize thayelI che. e AMtarayamakavALA phAgubaMdhamAM lakhAyelI che eTale ja te phAgukAvya tarIke oLakhAya che. 25) sAhityadarzana

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hitya ta udezana zrI mahendrabhAI zAhanA pustaka 'phAnasa'nuM udghATana karatA ramaNabhAI lbs 6 annions totell All India Tirukkural SeminarMadras 27/5/72mAM tirukkurala - tamila mahAgraMtha para vaktavya ApyuM. akhila bhArata tirukkurala saMzodhana kendranA sabhyo sAthe. foftops

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Do. ramaNabhAI zAhano - satkAra samAraMbha muMbaI yunivarsiTInA gujarAtI, vibhAganA vaya . mela bhAI zAha | [1che.zanA pravAse thI svadeza pAchA phreyAM | hAvAthI temanA mAnamAM eka sakAra | samara'... ema. e. nA gujaYrAnI karyA. e >> ke agaI ne vicAro dvArA theravAmAM AvyA pAtharaNukhanA, ramatathi vizeSa tarIke cAluM zI. munalAla yAzikSaka hatA, ema. rame, nA gujarAtI vizvavanA vighArthIomAMthI zrI. kIti vyAsa ane kapI. e. ema. hArDaveravAbAe pravacana karyuM hatuM. prAdhApaka kazI, rameza jatI ramana C suza dulAle paNa pAnAnI vicAro rajU karyA dranA khAcAryuM amRtalAla thAjika mAsarasa kArla krama pAkavA badala de rSa vyakata ka hatA, , mAlalAla zAha vi de racanA saMrakaraNo rajU karyA hatAM. mArI samRddhi zAhe AbhAradarzana karyuM hatuM. 1971mAM paradezanA pravAsethI pAchA pharelA. DaoN. ramaNabhAInuM pro. yAjJikasAhebanA pramukhapade sanmAna karatA vidyArthI mitrono AbhAra mAnatA ramaNabhAI. jaina surata jaina saMghamAM mahotsava prasaMge pravacana ApatA ramaNabhAI

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jaina yuvaka saMghanA maMtrI zrI dhanavaMtabhAI zAhanA pustaka 'vasaMtavaitAlika nhAnAlAla'nuM vimocana karatA ramaNabhAI. zrI zUnya pAlanapurInA gajhala saMgrahanuM vimocana karI vaktavya ApatA ramaNabhAI.

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jo jala saMgraha zrI zaileza koThArI - zaila pAlanapurInA gajhala 'jhUrato ullAsa'nuM vimocana karatA ramaNabhAI. naherU senTaramAM svAmI zIva - udayarAja likhita maMtra - taMtra - stotra sAdhanA'nuM vimocana karatA ramaNabhAI.

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UJJgge, nIeiAvavA?. amadAvAdamAM 2003mAM jaina dharma sAhitya - lekhana - saMzodhana mATe zrI bAbulAla amRtalAla zAha TrasTa taraphathI samadarzI haribhadrasUri suvarNa caMdraka ApI sanmAna karatA zrI zreNikabhAI kasturabhAI. DaoN. ramaNabhAInA mArgadarzana sAthe zrI rAkezabhAI jhaverIne zrI AtmasiddhizAstra" zodha prabaMdha mATe PH.D.nI DIgrI maLI e prasaMge.

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holi 444074000 3 - Insaan kala EAS Chitralekha 0 YEAR 67891 ----- zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMgha taraphathI yojAyelA sanmAna samAraMbhamAM zrI harIndra davenA hAthe nA sanmAna svIkAratA. less brosuse broeigte le inse t S 'citralekhA' mAsika taraphathI yojAyelA sanmAna prasaMge sAhityakAro sAthe - vaktavya ApatA abhinetA zrI dilIpakumAra kapama

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zrI jaina yuvaka saMghanI paryuSaNa vyAkhyAnamALA zrI gaurIprasAda jhAlAnA adhyakSapade 1969mAM vyAkhyAna ApatA ramaNabhAI. 1982mAM jaina sozyala grupamAM vaktavya ApatA ramaNabhAI.

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uguoNnI u]M Grel@Mla laeNrahyau hiMgeDiyara JINA-VACHANA . abhiciMtanA ramaNabhAInI keTalIka sAhitya kRtio naLa-mUmayaMtInI zAno vikAsa sAMprata sahaciMtana (I/ ( 1) TIYAii 2 dr br (

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saMskRta bhASAmAM AvA prakAranI racanA caudamAthI soLamA zatakamAM jovA maLatI nathI. sattaramA ane aDhAramA zatakamAM jyAre phAguno kAvyaprakAra enI siddhinI Toce pahoMcyo hato tyAre AvI racanA thaI che. e darzAve che ke hIravijayasUri, sakalacaMdragaNi ke upAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajI jevA samartha sAdhu mahAtmAo ane samartha paMDita sAdhukavio AvI phAgukRtinI racanA karavA prerAyA hatA. A ghaTanA eka bAju jema phAgunA kAvyaprakArano prabhAva keTalo badho hato te batAve che tema bIjI bAju A kAvyaprakAranI vibhAvanA keTalI zithila banatI jatI hatI te batAve che. AMtarayamakavALI racanA eTale "phAgubaMdha' athavA phAgukAvya evo khyAla tyAre pravartato hato. jaina sAdhuparaMparAmAM zAstrAbhyAsa mATe saMskRta bhASAnA adhyayananI anivAryatA svIkArAyelI rahI che. eTale samartha jaina sAdhukavio mATe AvI kRtinI racanA karavI e sahaja vAta che. A kRtionA avalokana parathI samajI zakAya che ke enA kartAonA hRdayamAM zRMgArarasika kavitAnI racanA karavAno bhAva nahoto, paNa tIrthaMkara paramAtmAnI stuti karavAno hato. eTale ja emanA hAthe lakhAyelI, kAvya tarIke uttama kahI zakAya evI kRtio ApaNane sAMpaDI che. Ama, phAgunA kAvyasvarUpe ApaNA madhyakAlIna gUrjara sAhityamAM mahattvanuM sthAna prApta karI lIdhuM hatuM. lagabhaga pAMca saikA sudhI kavio phAgukAvyanI racanA karavA tarapha AkarSAyA e ja e kAvyasvarUpanI zakti, kSamatA ane guNavattAnI pratIti karAvavA mATe paryApta che. gukAvyanI vikAsarekhA - 251

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ajJAta kavikRta vasaMtavilAsa ApaNA madhyakAlIna yugamAM phAgusAhityamAM koIka ajJAta kavikRta 'vasaMtavilAsa' nAmanuM suprasiddha phAgukAvya sarvazreSTha manAyuM che. AMtarayamakavALA duhAnI saLaMga 84 kaDImAM lakhAyeluM A kAvya prakRtivarNana, rasanirUpaNa, alaMkAravaibhava tathA bhASAlAlityanI dRSTie kAvyarasikone AkarSe e prakAranI hRdayaMgama suzliSTa racanA che. ethI ja e atyaMta lokapriya banyuM che. phAgukAvyomAM sauthI vadhu hastaprato jo koI eka phAgukAvyanI thaI hoya to te vasaMtavilAsanI ja che ane Adhunika samayamAM sauthI vadhu saMpAdano ane anuvAdo thayA hoya to te "vasaMtavilAsa'nAM ja che. (kezava harSada dhruva, kAntilAla vyAsa, ke. kA. zAstrI, madhusUdana modI, normana brAuna, mAtaprasAda gupta ItyAdi vidvAnoe enuM saTIka saMpAdana karyuM che. emAMnA keTalAke to eka karatAM vadhu saMzodhita-saMvardhita saMpAdano prakAzita karyA che. madhyakALamAM 'vasaMtavilAsanI sacitra hastaprato paNa taiyAra karavAmAM AvelI che ke je darzAve che ke lahiyAoe ke lahiyA pAse lakhAvanArAe paNa A kRtimAM keTalo badho rasa lIdho che) A phAkAvyane katae pote ja "vasaMtavilAsa' evuM varNasagAIyukta yathArtha nAma ApyuM che. prathama kaDImAM ja aDadhA caraNamAM sarasvatI devIne vaMdana karI kavi kAvyano nAmollekha karI de che : pahilau sarasati aracisu racisu vasaMtavilAsu, kAvyane aMte paNa kavi nAmollekha karatAM kahe che : dhana dhana te guNavaMta, vasaMtavilAsu je gAI. 'vasaMtavilAsa' evuM phAgukAvya che ke jenI racanA pAchaLa koI kAvyatara 2para + sAhityadarzana

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prayojana rahyuM nathI. te koI sAMpradAyika dharmane vareluM kAvya nathI. emAM koI dhArmika ke dharmetara kathAnaka ke vyakti vizeSa nathI. yuvaka samudAya ane yuvatI samudAya emAM nAyaka-nAyikA tarIke sthAna pAmyAM che. emAM vasaMtaRtunuM Agamana, virahiNIonI vyAkuLatA, priyatamanuM milana thatAM anubhavAto ullAsa ane aMte sukhopabhoga - ema kramika nirUpaNa thayuM che. 'vasaMtavilAsanI nizcita racanAtAla ApaNane jANavA maLatI nathI. kavie potAnI kRtimAM aMte ke anya sthaLe racanAtAla vize koI nirdeza karyo nathI. eTale enA racanAkALa vize pUrva samayamaryAdA ane uttara kALamaryAdA vize vicAraNA karIne amuka samayagALAnuM anumAna karI zakAya che. 'vasaMtavilAsa'nA racanAkALa vize kezava harSada dhruva, kAntilAla ba. vyAsa, muni jinavijayajI, zrI kezavarAma zAstrI, bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, harivallabha bhAyANI, normana brAuna, mAtAprasAda gupta vagere vidvAnoe potapotAnA dRSTibinduthI vicAraNA karI che. 'vasaMtavilAsamAM koI aitihAsika saMdarbha Avato nathI, anyathA aitihAsika saMdarbhane AdhAre enI pUrvamaryAdA nakkI thaI zake. 'vasaMtavilAsa'nI uttaramaryAdAmAM be mahattvanI bAbato che. eka te "vasaMtavilAsanI jUnAmAM jUnI lakhAyelI hastaprata te vi. saM. 1508nI che. vaLI ratnamaMDanagaNie potAnI kRti upadezataraMgiNImAM 'vasaMtavilAsaDapi' e prakArano nirdeza karyo che ane ratnamaMDanagaNino kavanakALa vi. saM. 1517nI AsapAsano manAya che. eTale eTaluM nizcita che ke 'vasaMtavilAsa'nI racanA vikramanA soLamA zataka pUrve thaI hatI. kAntilAla vyAse vasaMtavilAsanI bhASAnI sarakhAmaNI keTalIka madhyakAlIna kRtionI bhASA sAthe karI che. temaNe "ArAdhanA' vi. saM. 1330), taruNaprabhusUrikRta kathAnaka vi. saM. 1411), gautama rAsa' vi. saM. 1412), mugdhAvabodha-oNktika' (vi. saM. 146 6), mANikyasuMdarasUrikRta pRthvIcaMdra carita' (vi.saM. 147) tathA hemahaMsagaNikata namaskAra bAlAvabodha' vi. saM. 1500)nI bhASA sAthe vyAkaraNanI dRSTie, lakSaNo tathA svarUpanI dRSTie sarakhAmaNI karI che ane teo evA tAraNa upara AvyA che ke 'vasaMtavilAsanI racanA vi. saM. 1400nI AsapAsa thaI hovI joIe. bolAtI bhASA ane sAhityanI bhASA vacce thoDuM aMtara hoya che tathA hastapratomAM lahiyAo dvArA zAbdika pheraphAro thatA hoya che. vaLI lokapriya kRtinI hastapratomAM tatkAlIna bhASAprayogono prabhAva paDavAnI saMbhAvanA hoya che. e ajJAta kavikRta 'vasaMtavilAsa' 253

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dRSTie vicAratAM muni jinavijayajI tathA mAtAprasAda gupta 'vasaMtavilAsa'nI racanA vi. saM. 1300mAM ke tethI paNa pUrve thaI hovAnI saMbhAvanA rajU kare che. alabatta, e mATe koI sabaLa purAvo nathI. Ama, jyAM sudhI anya prakAranI koI AdhArabhUta mAhitI koI graMthamAMthI na sAMpaDe tyAM sudhI 'vasaMtavilAsano racanAkALa vi. saM. 1400nI AsapAsa eTale ke paMdaramA zatakanA prAraMbhano haze ema mAnavAmAM Ave che. 'vasaMta vilAsanI racanA koNe karI haze ? madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM nAnI moTI ghaNI kRtiomAM kartAnA potAnA nAmano nirdeza karavAnI paraMparA, vizeSataH kavitAmAM jovA maLe che. bIjI bAju ghaNI evI kavitA paNa jovA maLe che ke jemAM kavie potAnA nAmano ullekha na karyo hoya. 'vasaMtavilAsamAM kavie potAnA nAmano spaSTa koI nirdeza karyo nathI. eTale e vize aTakaLa karavAnI rahe che. 'vasaMtavilAsanA kartutva vize kezava harSada dhruva, ena. sI. mahetA, sArAbhAI navAba, kAntilAla vyAsa, kanaiyAlAla munazI, ke. kA. zAstrI, bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, harivallabha bhAyANI, umAzaMkara jozI, eca. DI. velanakara, normana brAuna, mAtaprasAda gupta vagere ghaNA vidvAnoe potAno abhiprAya darzAvyo che. kartAnA nAma vize cAra mukhya anumAna thayAM che, jemAMthI eka paNa sarvasvIkRta thayuM nathI. e abhiprAyo nIce mujaba che : 1. sArAbhAI navAbe evo mata darzAvyo che ke "vasaMtavilAsanI hastaprata lakhanAra AcArya ratnAgare ja A kRtinI racanA karI che. 2. kanaiyAlAla munazIe evo mata darzAvyo che ke kAvyamAM aMte AvatA zlokamAM 'natarSi zabda che. e parathI samajAya che ke 'vasaMta-vilAsa'nA kata banatarSi hovA joIe. 3. kAntilAla vyAse evo abhiprAya darzAvyo che ke kAvyanI aMtima paMktimAM guNavaMta" zabda Ave che. eTale kartAnuM nAma "guNavaMta kadAca hoI zake. 4. muni jinavijayajIe evo vicAra darzAvyo che ke kAvyamAM "muMjavaNa' zabda Ave che. e parathI kAvyanA kartAnuM nAma zuM hoI zake. A cAre mata vize vAda-prativAda thayA che. emAMno koI paNa mata sarvamAnya thayo nathI. (1) sArAbhAI navAbe hastaprata lakhanAra AcArya ratnAgara kAvyanA kartA haze evo mata darzAvyo che, paNa tyAra pachI bIjI hastaprato je maLI che emAM ratnAgaranuM nAma nathI. hastapratamAM puSpikAmAM sAmAnya rIte lahiyAnuM nAma lakhAya che. "likhita' zabdano artha lakhanAra lahiyo) thAya che ane kartA mATe "kRta athavA 254 ke sAhityadarzana

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racita evA zabdo prayojAya che. (2) kanaiyAlAla munazIe aMtima saMskRta zlokamAM AvatA "natarSi' zabdano AdhAra lIdho che, paraMtu kAvyamAM saMskRta zloko to bIjethI uddhata karelA che. kavinA potAnA racelA nathI. eTale saMskRta zloka upara AdhAra rAkhI zakAya nahi. 'natarSi tyAM vyaktinuM nAma nathI. RSio jene name che evo sAdo artha ja tyAM levAno che. (3) kAntilAla vyAse "guNavaMta' nAmanuM mAtra anumAna karyuM che, paraMtu "guNavaMta vyaktinuM nAma nathI. (4) muni jinavijayajIe muMjavayaNa' muMjavacana) parathI "muMja' kartAnuM nAma haze evo vicAra karyo che, paraMtu tyAM muMja vyaktinuM nAma nathI. Ama, 'vasaMtavilAsa'nA kartAnA nAma vize mAtra aTakaLo ja thaI che. eTale jyAM sudhI anya koI sabaLa purAvA na maLe tyAM sudhI " "vasaMtavilAsa' kAvya koIka ajJAta kavikRta che ema ja mAnavAnuM rahe che. 'vasaMtavilAsa'nA kartA koI jaina kavi haze ke ajaina kavi e vize paNa vidvAnomAM bhinnabhinna mata pravarte che. moTA bhAganAM phAgukAvyonI racanA jaina kavioe karI che, 'vasaMtavilAsanI hastaprato jaina bhaMDAromAMthI maLI che, tathA 'vasaMtavilAsa'nI eka pratilipi taiyAra karanAra jaina AcArya ratnAgara che. e parathI A phAgukAvyanA kartA koI jaina kavi haze evuM anumAna thAya che. paraMtu anya phAgukAvyo karatAM 'vasaMtavilAsa' viSayanirUpaNanI dRSTie juduM paDe che. emAM tyAgavairAgya ke dharmopadezanI koI vAta AvatI nathI. emAM jIvanano AnaMdapramoda mANavA mATeno ullAsa dekhAya che. emAM zRMgArarasanuM mArmika nirUpaNa thayuM che. e daSTie jotAM enA kartA jaina kavi na paNa hoya evI dalIla karavAmAM Ave che. jaina kavioe paNa zRMgArarasika kRtionI racanA karI che. jenomAM paNa sAdhu kavio ane gRhastha kavio evA be bheda paDe che ane gRhastha kavi zRMgArarasanuM, aihika jIvana bhogavavAnuM nirUpaNa na kare evuM nathI. vaLI, jema jaina dharmanAM lakSaNo, mAnyatAo, upadeza vagere kAvyamAM jovA maLatAM nathI, tema hiMdu dhArmika mAnyatAo, devadevIonAM nAma ke dharmanAM anya lakSaNo A kAvyamAM jovA maLatAM nathI. Ama ubhaya pakSe, saMkucita jJAtivAdanI dRSTithI nahi, paNa zAstrIya saMzodhaka dRSTithI carcAvicAraNA thaI che. jyAM sudhI AdhArabhUta samarthana na maLe tyAM sudhI A viSayamAM paNa chevaTano nirNaya ApI na zakAya. madhyakAlIna phAgukAvyomAM keTalAMkamAM evI lAkSaNikatA jovA maLe che ke AraMbhamAM, aMte ane koIkamAM vacce vacce saMskRta-prAkRta zloka mUkavAmAM AvyA hoya. keTalAMkamAM e zloko kAvyanA aMgabhUta tarIke jovA maLe che, to keTalAMkamAM ajJAta kavikRta 'vasaMtavilAsa' e 255

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te AgaMtukarUpe joI zakAya che. jyAM AvA zloko kAvyanA aMgabhUta rUpe hoya tyAM paNa e zloko choDI daIne gujarAtI kaDIo vAMcavAmAM Ave to kAvya saLaMga veMcAya che. eno artha e thayo ke e zloko kAvyAsvAdamAM upakAraka che, paNa anivArya nathI. e zloko jyAM kAvyanA aMgabhUta hoya tyAM kavie pote ja enI racanA karI che evuM joI zakAya che. keTalIka kRtimAM to kavie pote potAnA nAmano nirdeza zlokamAM karelo che. keTalIka kRtiomAM jyAM zloka AgaMtuka hoya, anya sthaLethI e levAyo hoya tyAM tevA zloko paNa kAvyAsvAdamAM upakAraka bane che, paNa anivArya nathI hotA. bhinnabhinna evI kRtiomAM koIkamAM jeTalI kaDI teTalA zloka che, koIkamAM kaDIonI saMkhyA karatAM zlokanI saMkhyA ochI hoya che, to koIkamAM adhika paNa hoya che. madhyakALamAM jyAre graMtho sulabha nahotA tyAre lahiyAo paNa potAnI hastapratane mUlyavAna banAvavA mATe potAnA taraphathI paNa AvA zloko umeratA, ke jethI vAcakane eka ja sthaLethI samAna vicAra, bhAva, kalpanA, saMvedanA, alaMkA2vALA zloko vAMcavA mATe, mANavA mATe ke sarakhAmaNI karavA mATe maLI rahe. vasaMtavilAsa'nI je hastaprato maLe che temAM AvA zloko maLe che. evI ja rIte bIjAM uttarakAlIna phAgukAvyo jevAM ke dharmasuMdararacita 'nemIzvara bAlalIlA Aga', ratnamaMDanagaNikRta 'nArInirAsa phAgu', somasuMdarasUrikRta 'raMgasAgaranAmA zrI pArzvatIrthaMkara phAgu', bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNakRta AdIzvara phAga vageremAM paNa AvA zloko jovA maLe che. A badhI kRtiomAM kavie svaracita saMskRta zloko mUkyA che. paraMtu 'vasaMtavilAsa'mAM uddhRta karelA subhASita jevA zloko che. 'vasaMtavilAsa'mAM 'naiSadhIya cirata', 'kumArasaMbhava', 'abhijJAna zAkuMtala', 'amaruzataka', 'zizupAlavadha', 'karpUramaMjarI', 'tirahasya', 'zRMgArazataka', prabodha caMdrodaya', 'subhASita trizatI', 'subhASita ratnabhAMDAgAra' vagere bhinnabhinna kRtiomAMthI zloko levAmAM AvyA che. emAMnA keTalAka zlokanuM sAmya gujarAtI kaDInA bhAva ke vicAra sAthe che, to keTalAka zlokone AgaLa pAchaLanI kaDIo sAthe kaMI ja saMbaMdha jaNAto nathI. zuM A badhA zlokonI pasaMdagI kavie pote karI haze ke pAchaLathI lahiyAoe te umeryA haze ? 'vasaMtavilAsa' phAgukAvyanI gujarAtI kaDIo 84 che ane uddhRta karelA zlokanI saMkhyA judI judI hastapratomAM judI judI che. koIkamAM 256 sAhityadarzana

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zloka saMkhyA 50thI vadhu che. koIkamAM 66 che ane koIka hastapratamAM 174 jeTalI che. eTale kartAe pote keTalA zloka kRtimAM vaNI lIdhA haze ane lahiyAoe keTalA umeryA haze e kahevuM muzkela che. jyAM sudhI zloko kAvyanA AsvAdamAM bAdhaka banatA nathI tyAM sudhI enI saMkhyA ochI hoya ke vadhu hoya ane kartAe pote pasaMda karyA hoya ke lahiyAoe, te prazna gauNa rahe che. 'vasaMtavilAsa' abIla gulAla uDADatuM umaMga ane ullAsanuM kAvya che. yuvAnonI madhura mahephilanuM e kAvya che. kavi kAvyane madhura paryavasAyI banAvavA icche che eTale virahiNIonA saMtApanuM Alekhana te pUrve kAvyamAM karI levAyuM che. kAvya saLaMga kramAnusAra AsvAdI zakAya evuM che, chatAM enI kaDIo badhe ja sudaDha aMkoDA jevI paraspara nathI, eTale ke vacce koIka kaDI chUTI jAya to pachIthI kaDI adhUrI lAge athavA rasabhaMga thAya ke racanAzaithilya anubhavAya evuM nathI. duhAnI pratyeka kaDI svayaMparyApta che ane svataMtra rIte AsvAdI zakAya evI che. kAvyanA AraMbhamAM sarasvatI devIne namaskAra karIne kavi tarata ja viSayapraveza karAvI de che. zivarAtri pachI vasaMtaRtunuM Agamana thatAM kavi eno lAkSaNika paricaya karAve che. sau prathama khullA AkAza nIcenI dizAothI kavi zarUAta kare che. kavi eka ja paMktimAM be vakhata disi' zabda prayoje che. daze dizAomAM parimala prasaravA lAge che ane nirabhra AkAzamAM dizAo nirmala dekhAvA lAge che. pahutiya virati samarati, hiva rita, taNAI vasaMta; daha disi pasara) parimala, niramala A disi aMta. vasaMtaRtumAM malayasamIranI citta upara evI prabaLa asara thAya che ke ekalA nIkaLelA pravAsIo virahavyAkuLa thavA lAge che. te samIra-parimala mAninInA mAnane mukAve evo ane kAcA munijanonAM manane paNa bhedI nAkhe evo che. kAmadeva paripaMthInI jema eTale ke dhADapADu ke baLavAna zatrunI jema evo pAchaLa paDe che ke enA paMjAmAMthI chUTavuM duSkara thaI jAya che. kAmoddIpaka vasaMta Rtuno mAdaka prabhAva kavi A rIte sUcita karI de che. padaminI parimala bahakaI, lahakaI malayasamIra; mAyaNa jihAM paripaMthIya, paMthIya dhAI adhIra. muni jananAM mana bhedae, chedae mAninI mAna; kAmIya manaha ANaMdae, kadae pathika parANa. ajJAta kavikRta 'vasaMtavilAsa' u 257

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vasaMtaRtunuM lAkSaNika varNana pAMca kaDImAM karIne pachI sattara jeTalI kaDImAM kavi vAsanika krIDAonuM rasika Alekhana kare che. madanarAjanI ANa kevI pravarte che te teo batAve che. vasaMta khelanArAo vize teo lakhe che : khelana vAvi sukhAlIya, jAlIya guNa vizrAma; mRgamada pUri kapUrihi, pUrIyA jala abhirAma. raMgabhUmi sarakArIya, bhArIya kukama ghola; sovana sAMkala sAMdhIya, bAMdhIya caMpaka dola. kavinuM A zabdacitra hRdayaMgama che. paraMtu kasturI ane kapUramizrita jalavALI vAva, gokhalA, sonAnI sAMkaLe bAMdhelA caMpAnA phUlavALA hiMDoLA -- A badhuM jANe koI rAjakuTuMbanI ke vaibhavI kuTuMbonI vasaMtakrIDA jevuM lAge che; janasAmAnyanI e vasaMtakrIDA che evuM nahi lAge. kadalIgRha, taliyA toraNa, vaMdaravAla, caMdana bharelAM kacoLAM,dakSiNa dizAno samIra ItyAdi uddIpana vibhAvanI sAmagrIno nirdeza karI kavi vananagaranuM rUpaka varNave che ke jemAM taruvaro te UMcA prAsAdo che, kisalaya te prAsAdo para UDatI patAkAo che, bhramaro te prajAjano che. A nagara para rAjya kare che anaMga rAjA. vasaMtaRtu te eno pradhAna che. anaMga hRdayane vIMdhavAnuM kAma kisalayarUpI kRpANa vaDe kare che. te potAnA kusumarUpI dhanuSya vaDe bANa pheMke che. bhramaranI hAra te dhanuSyanI pratyaMcA che. bhramaro ratipatinA subhaTa banIne mokhare cAlIne zaMkha phUkI rahyA che. sona caMpAnI kaLI, pATalanAM puSpo, sahakAranI maMjarI, kizukanI kalI, azoka, ketakI vagere mATe kavi vividha rUpakonI racanA karIne kAmadeva badhA lokone kevI rIte vaza kare che te batAve che. AvAM uddIpaka vAtAvaraNamAM virahiNIone potAnAM dehazaNagAra kevI vadhAre tIvra vedanA kare che te kavi darzAve che. uvari hAru te bhAra, mU sayari siMgAru aMgAra; cIta haraI navi caMdana, caMdu nahI manohAru. virahiNI nAyikA potAnI vedanA sakhI AgaLa vyakta karatAM kahe che : kahi sakhi mujha priya vAtaDI, rAtaDI kimaI na jAI; dehilau makara niketana cetu nahi muja thAI. virahanI AvI vedanAmAMthI pasAra thatI nAyikAne priya milananI AgAhIrUpa zubha zukana thatAM keTalo ullAsa thAya che ! te harSaghelI banI rahe che : sakhi mujha kurakaI jAMghaDI, jAM ghaDI bihuM lagaI Aju; duHkha save hiva vAmisa, pAmisa priya taNuM rAju. bAraNe kAgaDAnuM bolavuM zubha zukanarUpa manAya che. nAyikA evA zubha zukana 258 ka sAhityadarzana

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karAvanAra vAyasane kahe che ke "tane sarasa bhAvatuM khAvAnuM huM ApIza ane tArI cAMca sonAthI ane pAMkho rUpAthI maDhAvI ApIza." desu kapUra cI vAri re vAsi vaLI sara eu; sovana cAMca nirUpama, rUpama pAMkhaDI beu. vipralaMbha zRMgAra rasanA nirUpaNa pachI have saMyoga zRMgArarasa nirUpAya che. kavi nAyikAnAM aMgogo ane AbhUSaNone-AMkha, nAka, kAna, gAla, bhAla, dAMta, udara, trivali, romAvali, stana, kaTi, jAMgha vagere aMgone mATe tathA veNI, kuMDala, kaMkaNa, hAra ityAdi AbhUSaNone mATe ubhekSAdi alaMkAro sahita manohara kalpanA kare che. priyamilanano AnaMda mANatI, priyatama sAthe rAsa ramatI nAyikAnI priyatama mATe upAlaMbharUpa mArmika anyokti paNa ahIM rajU thaI che. kAminIo potAnA priyatamane A rIte rIjhave che. AvA sumadhura kathana sAthe kavi kAvyanuM samApana karatAM kahe che ke "vasaMtavilAsa' gAnAra dhanyatA anubhave che. dhana dhanu te guNavaMta, vasaMtavilAsa ji gAI. 'vasaMtavilAsa' aneka kAvyarasikonA cittanuM AkarSaNa karatuM rahyuM che te tenI bAhyAMtara samRddhine kAraNe. bhASAnI dRSTie joIe to emAM eka prakAranuM mAdhurya anubhavAya che. emAM rahelA AMtarayamakanI saMkalanA pahelI kaDIthI ja bhAvakanuM dhyAna AkarSita karI le che. hRdayano svAbhAvika udgAra na hoya to kavinI prAsayojanA katrima banI javAno saMbhava rahe che. 'vasaMtavilAsa'mAM AMtarayamaka ane aMtyAnuprAsa naisargika zobhA dharAve che. varsone chUTA pADI gleSayukta AMtarayAmakanI racanA karavAnI kavine sarasa phAvaTa jaNAya che. e mATe kavi pAse zabdajJAna hovuM jarUrI che ane tenA viniyoganI sUjha paNa jarUrI che. kavi pAse e baMne sArA pramANamAM che. kavie potAnI kRtimAM je saMskRta subhASito vaNI lIdhAM che tenA AdhAre tathA vasaMtavilAsanI padAvalinA AdhAre ApaNe nizcitapaNe kahI zakIe ke vasaMtavilAsa'kAra saMskRta bhASA, vyAkaraNa, tathA kAvyAlaMkAramAM nipuNa hovA joIe. 'vasaMtavilAsa prAcIna gujarAtI (athavA te samayano zabda prayojIe to prAkRta) bhASAnI kRti che, chatAM bhAminIjanamanakSobhana', nidhuvanakelikalAmIya' jevI samAsayukta prauDha padAvalI kAvyamAM aMgabhUta banIne Ave che ane ene gaurava apAve che. kavi pAse zabdasamRddhi che eTale ja padabaMdhamAM sArI rIte besato Ave evo zabda tarata emane phurI Ave che. ethI zabdaucitya sacavAya che ane bhASAnI garimA vadhe che. A rIte 'vasaMtavilAsanI bhASA lAghavayukta, suzliSTa ane ajJAta kavikRta 'vasaMtavilAsa' 259

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gauravavALI banI che, je samagra kAvyane suMdara opa Ape che. 'vasaMtavilAsa' sugeya kRti che. prAcIna samayathI vartamAna samaya sudhI phAgu kAvyaprakAra lokomAM gavAto Avyo che. eka ja beThake ghaNI kaDIo gAvAmAM Ave ane chatAM ekavidhatA na Ave ane rasa jaLavAI rahe evA chaMdomAMno eka mAtrAmeLa chaMda te duho che. covIsa mAtrAnA chaMdomAM duhA athavA doharAnI (athavA duhA ane roLAnI mizra) paMktio UMcA athavA madhyama stare gAI zakAya evI, laya ke rAgamAM laMbAvI ke TUMkAvI zakAya evI tathA e ja paMktio judA judA rAgamAM ke DhALamAM gAI zakAya evI hoya che. A rIte 'vasaMtavilAsa' doharAmAM lakhAyeluM kAvya che. emAM thayelI AMtarayamakanI racanAne kAraNe te kALe tevA duhA te 'kSagu' evo khyAla baMdhAI gayo ane pachI 'phAgunI' dezI eTale 'AMtarayamakavALA duH' evo artha rUDha thaI gayo hato. 'vasaMtavilAsa'ne lokapriya banAvavAmAM A duhAono phALo paNa mahattvano che. 'vasaMtavilAsa'mAM jema kAvyanA bAhya deha paratve tema AMtaradeha paratve paNa enI guNasamRddhi jovA maLe che. 'vasaMtavilAsa' kavinI naisargika paripakva pratibhAnuM suphaLa che. enI paMktio UMDI anubhUtimAMthI rasa vaDe ghUMTAIne tathA kalpanA ane alaMkAro vaDe maMDita thaIne pragaTa thayelI che. kavinI rasikatA rasanirUpaNamAM paNa dekhAya che. vipralaMbha ane saMyoga ema baMne prakAranA zRMgA22sanuM nirUpaNa karavAnI kavine sArI hathoTI che. saMyoga zRMgAramAM teo rasika bane che, paNa potAnI maryAdA jALave che ke jethI azlIlatAmAM phAgukAvya sarI na paDe. kavi pAse kalpanAvaibhava che ane rUpaka, utprekSA, vyatireka, pratIpa jevA alaMkAro paMktiomAM sahaja rIte vaNAIne Ave che. kavinI kalpanAomAM jema keTaluMka paraMparAgata che, tema keTaluMka maulika ane tAjhagIsabhara che. nAyikAnAM kAna, nAka, locana, bhramara, adhara vagerenA varNana mATe kavie eka eka kaDI prayojI che, paraMtu stana mATe traNa kaDI prayojIne, darekamAM juduM juduM upamAna ApIne potAnI kavitva zakti dAkhavI che. amiya kleza kuca tApaNi pAMpaNi taNIya aneMga; bIhuM tau rASaNahAra re, hAra ka dhavala bhujaMga. narmANa na karai payodhara, yodha re surata saMgrAma; kaMcuka tIjai sanAhu re, nAhu mahAbhaDu pAmI.. unnata kuca kiri himagiri zikhari te madha baiTha; hAra nIjharaNa pravAha re, nAha maiM jhIlanuM dITha. ahIM eka rUpaka pramANe stana te amRtakalaza ane hAra te tenuM rakSaNa karanAra 260 " sAhityadarzana

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dhavala bhujaMga che. tathA bIjA rUpaka pramANe stana te suratasaMgrAmamAM yoddhA che ane trIjA rUpaka pramANe stana te himagirinAM zikharo che ane vacceno hAra te nirjhariNIno pravAha che. Ama zRMgArarasika nirUpaNamAM rUpakonA yathocita vaividhya dvArA kavie potAnI anerI kavitvazakti dAkhavI che. Ama viSayavastunI pasaMdagI, AMtarayamakavAlA duhAnI racanA, padalAlitya, zabdasamRddhi, kalpanAvaibhava, mArmika rasanirUpaNa, yathocita alaMkAronI vipulatA, suzliSTa padabaMdha, uttama racanAkauzala, zailInI prauDhi ItyAdi guNalakSaNo vaDe opatI phAgukRti 'vasaMtavilAsa' ApaNA madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityanuM eka aneruM AbhUSaNa che. ajJAta kavikRta 'vasaMtavilAsa' - 261

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14 dayArAmanAM AkhyAno madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityanA chellA eka tejasvI kavi dayArAma (janma I. sa. 1777, avasAna I. sa. 1853)no kavanakALa cha dAyakAthI paNa vadhu samayano (I. sa. 1790thI I. sa. 1853 sudhI) hato. dayArAme A samaya daramiyAna je saMkhyAbaMdha kRtionI racanA karI che temAM emane madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM vadhu mahattvanuM sthAna apAve evI kRtio te emanI garabIo ja che. garabI sivAyanI itara ghaNIkharI gujarAtI racanAomAM dayArAma kavi tarIke ekaMdare madhyama kakSAnA pratIta thAya che. dayArAme je kRtionI racanA karI che temAM emaNe racelI AkhyAnakRtio paNa jovA maLe che. AkhyAnakAra tarIke dayArAma potAnA purogAmI kavio karatAM koI savizeSa siddhi dAkhavatA nathI. AkhyAnakAra tarIke alabatta, dayArAmanI mulavaNI karatI vakhate keTalIka bAbatonuM ApaNane vismaraNa thavuM na joIe. prathama to e lakSamAM levAvuM joIe ke dayArAma pote nAkara, viSNudAsa ke premAnaMdanI jema vyavasAye AkhyAnakAra nahotA, madhyakALamAM keTalAka mANabhaTTa kathAkAro bIjA kavionI kRtio pote gAIne lokone saMbhaLAvatA. to keTalAka mANabhaTTa kathAkAro svayaM kavi hovAne kAraNe pote ja AkhyAnakAvyanI racanA karatA ane loko samakSa te gAI saMbhaLAvatA. jeo A rIte AkhyAnanI racanA pote karatA temane anubhavane AdhAre potAnI kRtimAM sabhAraMjananuM tattva kyAM kyAM, kevI rIte ane kevA prakAranuM ANavuM tenI sUjha rahetI. pariNAme evA kathAkAra kavionAM AkhyAnomAM kRtinA bAhya svarUpanI ane racanAnI dRSTie keTaleka aMze suzliSTatA jovA maLe che. dayArAma . pote mANabhaTTa kathAkAra nahotA athavA mANabhaTTa kathAkAra pAse 262 * sAhityadarzana

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gavaDAvavAnA hetuthI emaNe AkhyAnakRtionI racanA karI nahotI. eTale rasaniSpattinI ane bAhya racanAnI dRSTie emanI kRtionI bahu mAvajata thayelI jovA nahi maLe. dayArAmanAM ghaNAMkharAM AkhyAno kadamAM nAnAM ane kathAvastunA vibhAjananI samatulA vinAnAM hovAthI vyavasAyI mANabhaTTa kathAkArone potAnA kAryakramamAM tene samAvavAM anukULa nahi lAgyuM hoya. eTale paNa kadAca dayArAmanAM AkhyAno lokomAM bahu gavAyAM hovAnA nirdezo khAsa maLatA nathI. jo ke dayArAma pachI mANabhaTTa kathAkArono vyavasAya paNa maMda paDavA lAgyo hato eTale navI navI kRtione bahu avakAza nahoto e paNa sAcuM. pote vyavasAye AkhyAnakAra na hovAne kAraNe temaja potAnuM lakSya mAtra kRSNabhaktinuM ja gAna karavAnuM hovAthI AkhyAnakAvyo mATe dayArAmanI viSayapasaMdagI ghaNI maryAdita hatI. dayArAmano mukhya preraNAstrota hato zrImad bhAgavata. eTale dayArAmanI ghaNIkharI AkhyAnakRtio zrImad bhAgavatanI kathAne anulakSIne rahI che. dayArAmanI samagra racanAo jotAM teo mukhyatve Urmikavi che e spaSTapaNe pratIta thAya che. AthI AkhyAna jevo paralakSI prakAra dayArAmanI AtmalakSI pratibhAne vizeSa anukULa na Ave e paNa dekhItuM che. Ama chatAM dayArAme keTalIka AkhyAnakRtionI racanA karI che enuM kAraNa te emanA jamAnAnI kAvyazailIno emanA kavitva upara paDelo prabhAva che. A prabhAva eTalo badho hato ke jene AkhyAna na kahI zakAya evI emanI kRtio (rasikavallabha ane saMdigdha kartutvavALI jaNAtI guruziSyasaMvAda') upara paNa AkhyAnanI racanAzailIno prabhAva paDyo che. dayArAmanI nIce pramANe AkhyAnakRtio gaNavAmAM Ave che. (1) ajAmila AkhyAna, (2) satyabhAmAvivAha, (3) rukimaNI vivAha, (4) nAgnajitIvivAha, (5) mIrAMcaritra, (6) kuMvarabAInuM mAmeruM, (7) zrIkRSNa upavIta, (8) rukmiNIsImaMta, 9) aSTa paTarANIvivAha, (10) zrImad bhAgavatAnukramaNikA (11) dazamaskaMdhAnukramaNikA ane (12) bhagavad gItA mAhAsya.* A uparAMta premAnaMdanA "okhAharaNamAM bIjA kavionI jema dayArAme keTalIka paMktionA umerA karyA che, jene lIdhe premAnaMdanuM e AkhyAna prakSepa sahita * dayArAmanAM judAM judAM AkhyAno dayArAmakRta kAvyasaMgraha (saM. narmada), "dayArAmabhAIkRta kAvyamaNimAlA' (saMzodhaka : choTAlAla gi. joSI vagere), 'dayArAma kAvyasudhA' (saM. prANazaMkara vyAsa), 'dayArAma rasathALa' pra. smAraka samiti) ityAdi graMthomAM chapAyA che. dayArAmanAM AkhyAno 263

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89 kaDavAM sudhI pahoMcyuM che. - dayArAmanA keTalAka caritrakAro, gujarAtI sAhityanA keTalAka itihAsakAro ane keTalAka vivecako dayArAmanI A badhI kRtione AkhyAna tarIke gaNAvatA AvyA che, paraMtu e badhI ja kRti 'AkhyAnanA nAmane pAtra nathI. mAtra pUrvavRttanA kathananA lakSaNathI ene AkhyAna tarIke oLakhAvavAmAM Ave to bhale, paraMtu ethI AkhyAnanA svarUpane ghaNuM zithila mAnavuM paDaze. jo A badhI ja kRtione AkhyAna tarIke svIkArIe to samaya jatAM AkhyAnanA svarUpanI kevI avanati thaI tenA udAharaNarUpe dayArAmanI keTalIka kRtione gaNAvavI paDaze. dayArAme potAnI A AkhyAnakRtiomAM mAtra "ajAmila AkhyAna', bhagavadgItA mAhAbhya' ane 'zrImad bhAgavatAnukramaNikAmAM tenI racanAsAla ApI che. bIjI kRtiomAM racanAAlano nirdeza nathI. hastapratone AdhAre teno racanA samaya ane krama kadAca nakkI thaI zake, topaNa A badhI AkhyAnakationuM pauvaMparya keTaleka aMze saMdigdha rahe che. kavie keTalIka kRtiomAM nAmano nirdeza dayAzaMkara' tarIke ane keTalIkamAM "dayArAma' tarIke karyo che. ene AdhAre kRtiono racanAkrama vicArI zakAya. - AkhyAnano vikAsakrama jotAM enI bAhya racanAmAM keTalAka prakAro jovA maLe che. kavi narasiMha mahetAe jyAre "sudAmAcarita' jevI AkhyAnakRtinI racanA karI tyAre te samaye paricita kathAvastu upara AdhArita evA jaina rAsanA svarUpano ThIka ThIka vikAsa thaI cUkyo hato. lokomAM gAI saMbhaLAvavA mATe paurANika kathA para AdhArita padyakRti kevI hoI zake tenA uttama namUnA narasiMha mahetAnA samayamAM upalabdha hatA. Ama chatAM narasiMha mahetAnI AkhyAnakRti "sudAmAcarita' AkhyAnanA vikAsakramamAM prAraMbhanA samayanI kRti hoya evI chApa paDe che. enuM eka kAraNa e paNa kharuM ke narasiMha mahetA vyavasAye AkhyAnakAra nahotA. vaLI emanI pUrve khAsa koI AkhyAnakRti gujarAtImAM lakhAI nahotI. "sudAmAcarita'nI racanA karatI vakhate pote koI navA prakAranI racanA kare che ane te AkhyAnano prakAra che evo khyAla temane na hoya e svAbhAvika che. vaLI emaNe potAnA samayamAM upalabdha evI uttama jaina rAsakRtio joI haze ke te paNa prazna che. teo to phakta potAnI prabhubhakti kavitA dvArA vividha rUpe abhivyakta karavA icchatA hatA. eTalA mATe bhAgavatanI sudAmAnI kathAne emaNe padyadeha Apyo. A kathA keTalAMka padomAM lakhAyelI che eTale ene ApaNe padabaMdhanA prakAranI AkhyAnakRti tarIke oLakhAvIe chIe. AkhyAnanA svarUpanuM bIja ApaNane AvI keTalIka kRtiomAM ra64 mAhityadarzana

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jovA maLe che. padabaMdha uparAMta saLaMga eka ja DhALamAM AkhyAnakRti lakhAI hoya evI keTalIka racanAo AraMbhakALamAM ApaNane sAMpaDe che, jemAM kavi bhAlaNakRta 'saptazatI'ne gaNAvI zakAya. padabaMdha ane saLaMgabaMdha uparAMta AkhyAnanA svarUpanA vikAsamAM mahattvano phALo ApanAra te kaDavAbaMdhanI zailI che. bhAlaNa, nAkara, viSNudAsa vagere kavio dvArA A kaDavAbaMdhanI zailI vadhu lokapriya banatI gaI ane premAnaMde enI kalAne Toce pahoMcADI tathA temAM uttama prakAranI keTalIka racanAo ApI. kaDavAMbaMdhanA prakAramAM paNa keTaluMka vaividhya jovA maLe che. kathAvastunA nirUpaNa mATe koIka rAga ke rAgiNImAM, DhALa ke dezImAM, kaDavAnI keTalIka kaDIo ApavAmAM Ave che. evA kaDavAnI pUrve kathAvastunA nirdeza mATe ke kaMIka prAstAvika kathanarUpe eka yA be kaDI ghaNuMkharuM judA DhALa ke judI dezImAM lakhAyelI hoya tene mukhyabaMdhanI kaDI kahevAmAM Ave che. kaDavAne aMte, kaDavAnA sArarUpe athavA pachInA kaDavAmAM AvatI ghaTanAnA nirdarUpe kaMIka kahevA mATe eka athavA be kaDI judI lakhavAmAM AvatI, je valaNa athavA uthalonA nAmathI oLakhAtI. kaDavAnI kaDIonI saMkhyA paNa pAMcasAtathI mAMDIne vadhatI zatAdhika sudhI pahoMcI hatI. kivi dayArAme je AkhyAnakRtionI racanA karI che temAM bAhya racanAnA A badhA prakAra lagabhaga jovA maLe che. emaNe keTalIka racanA padabaMdhanA prakAranI karI che. keTalIka racanA saLaMgabaMdhanA prakAranI karI che ane keTalIka racanA kaDavAM baMdhanA prakAranI karI che. kaDavAMbaMdhamAM paNa emaNe keTalIka kRtiomAM mukhyabaMdha ane valaNa e, baMnenI kaDIo ApI che, to keTalIka kRtiomAM kAM to phakta mukhyabaMdhanI ane kAM to phakta valaNanI kaDIo ApI che, ane keTalIka kRtiomAM mukhabaMdha ane valaNanI kaDIo ApI nathI. dayArAme "zrImad bhagavaddagItAmAhAbhya' ane 'zrImad bhAgavatAnukramaNikA' nAmanI be AkhyAnakRtionI racanA karI che ane e baMnenuM kathAvastu kaDavAne badale "adhyAyamAM ke khaMDamAM vibhakta karyuM che. A baMne AkhyAnomAM dayArAme keTaleka sthaLe mukhabaMdhanI ane keTaleka sthaLe valaNanI kaDIo yojI che. A baMne racanAmAM dayArAme e be saMskRta paurANika graMthone anusarI "adhyAya' zabda prayojyo che, paraMtu tenuM svarUpa to kaDavAnA prakAranuM ja rahyuM che. adhyAya kahevAthI temAM vizeSa kazo pharaka paDato nathI. eTale e be AkhyAnakRtione kaDavAMbaMdhanA prakAranI gaNavAmAM Ave te ja vadhu yogya che. dayArAmanAM AkhyAno 265

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dayArAme potAnAM keTalAMka AkhyAnomAM kaDavuM' zabda prayojyo che. paraMtu bIjAM keTalAMka AkhyAnomAM emaNe "kaDavuM'ne badale "mIThuM evo zabda paNa prayojyo che. dayArAme "kaDavuM' zabda kaDavAzanA arthamAM samajIne tene badale "mIThuM zabda prayojyo haze ema jaNAya che. paraMtu AkhyAnomAM vaparAto "kaDavuM' zabda kaDavAzanA arthamAM nathI tenI dayArAmane kadAca khabara nahIM hoya. "kaDavuM' zabda saMskRta "kaDavaka' zabda uparathI Avyo che. kaDavaka eTale eka ja rAga ke DhALamAM lakhAyelI keTalIka paMktino samUha. kaDavaka' zabda prAkRta ane apabhraMza kAvyomAM paNa vaparAyo che ane tene AdhAre jaina rAsakRtiomAM paNa "kaDavaka' zabda jovA maLe che. A rIte "kaDavaka' uparathI Avelo "kaDavuM' zabda jaina rAsakRtione anusarI AkhyAnakRtiomAM paNa vaparAvA lAgyo hato. dayArAme keTalAMka AkhyAnomAM "kaDavuM ne badale "mIThuM' zabda prayojyo che. alabatta, A zabdaprayoga dayArAmano maulika nathI, kAraNa ke dayArAmanI pahelAM gopALadAsa nAmanA kavie potAnA AkhyAnamAM "mIThuM' zabda prayojyo che. gopAladAsa puSTimArgIya kavi hatA ane emaNe "vallabhAkhyAna' nAmanI je kRtinI racanA karI che temAM "kaDavuM'ne badale mIThuM' zabda prayojyo che. dayArAma pote puSTimArgIya kavi hatA. eTale potAnA najIkanA purogAmI puSTimArgIya kavi gopAladAsanI AkhyAnakRtithI teo aparicita hoya evo saMbhava nathI. dayArAme "kaDavuM' ne badale "mIThuM' zabda prayojyo tethI emanI kRtiomAM mIThAza AvI ke vadhI ema nahi kahI zakAya. balka emanI kRtiomAM kyAreka kyAreka mIThuMno abhAva luNanA arthamAM ane miSTatAnA arthamAM paNa) varatAya che. ene lIdhe dayArAmanAM "mIThAM' keTalIka vAra moLAM lAge che. premAnaMdanAM 'kaDavAM' jeTalAM mIThAM banyAM che eTalAM dayArAmanAM "mIThAM mIThAM nathI banI zakyAM e to spaSTa che. Ama AkhyAnanA bAhya svarUpanI dRSTie dayArAmanI kRtiomAM ThIka ThIka vaividhya jovA maLe che, paraMtu e vaividhyane kAraNe enI guNavattA vadhI che ema kahI zakAya nahi. have, dayArAme je AkhyAno lakhyAM che te ApaNe kramavAra joIe. dayArAme je AkhyAnakRtio lakhI che temAM AkhyAnanA svarUpanI dRSTie mahattvanI gaNAya evI ane dayArAmanI AkhyAnakRtiomAM paripakva gaNAya evI kRti te "ajAmila AkhyAna' che. A AkhyAnamAM dayArAme tenA khaMDo mATe "mIThuM' nahi paraMtu paraMparAnusAra "kaDavuM' zabda prayojyo che. emAM keTalAMka kaDavAMmAM AraMbhamAM mukhyabaMdhanI ane pratyeka kaDavAne aMte "valaNa'nI paMktio temaNe ApI ra66 sAhityadarzana

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che. nava kaDavAMmAM A AkhyAna lakhAyuM che ane te kaDavAM rAmagrI, mevADo, dekha, siMdhu, soro, mAlakauza vagere vividha rAgamAM lakhAyAM che, je dayArAmanI saMgItanipuNatAnI pratIti karAve che. bhAgavatanA chaThThA skaMdhanA pahelA traNa adhyAyamAM ajAmilanI kathA Ave che. tene anusarIne dayArAme saM. 1863mAM A racanA karI che. e vize emaNe AkhyAnanA chellA kaDavAmAM nIce pramANe nirdeza karyo che : 'saMvata aSTAdaza tresaThamAM, mAsa bhAdrapada sAra jI; zukla pakSa zubha tithi pUrNimA, zatabhiSA budhavAra jI. pUraNa kathA te divase thaI che, zrI gurukRSNakRpAya jI; ajAmelanuM AkhyAna karyuM e mahada puruSaAzAya jI.' dayArAme zrImad bhAgavata uparAMta bIjAM keTalAMka purANomAMthI hiranAmamAhAtmya vizenAM vacanono umero potAnA A AkhyAnamAM potAnI rIte karyo che. e vize teo pote AkhyAnamAM jaNAve che: zrI harinAmamAhAtmya jemAM, varNavyuM zrI bhAgavata anusAra jI; anya purANanAM vacana thakI paNa puSTi karI niradhAra jI.' jIvananA aMta samaye ajANatAM paNa prabhunuM nAma levAI jAya to tethI jIvananI gatimAM keTalo pharaka paDI jAya che te darzAvavA ane hiranAmanuM mAhAtmya samajAvavA ajAmilanI suMdara kathA zrImad bhAgavatamAM AvI che. ajAmila nAmano eka vidvAna brAhmaNa hato. te dharmaparAyaNa, dayALu, saMtoSI, zAMta ane kSamAvaMta hato. eka vakhata pitAnA kahevAthI te vanamAM samidha levA gayo hato. rastAmAM eNe zUdra strI-puruSane kAmakrIDA karatAM joyAM. ethI ajAmilanuM mana caMcaLa thaI gayuM. samidha laIne te ghare Avyo, paraMtu enA manamAM e strI mATe viSayavAsanA peThI hatI. te pharIthI vanamAM gayo ane keTaluMka dravya ApI pelI zUdra strI sAthe bhraSTa thayo. pachIthI ajAmile potAnI patnIno tyAga karyo ane pelI zUdra strI sAthe saMsAra mAMDyo. ene saMtAno paNa thayAM. eka vakhata koI eka sAdhu ajAmilane tyAM padhAryA hatA. emaNe ajAmilanI gharanI paristhiti nihALI. ajAmilanuM patana thayeluM joI emane dayA AvI. emaNe kahyuM, ajAmila ! have pachI tAre je putra thAya tenuM nAma nArAyaNa pADaje.' sAdhu cAlyA gayA. keTaleka samaye ajAmilane putra prApta thayo ane enuM nAma eNe nArAyaNa rAkhyuM. ajAmila ghaNo pApI thaI gayo hato. maraNa vakhate tene levA yamanA dUto AvyA hatA. temane joI gabharAI gayelA ajAmile potAnA nAnA lADakA putra nArAyaNane bolAvavA mATe 'nArAyaNa ! nArAyaNa !" evI bUmo mArI. e sAMbhaLI dayArAmanAM AkhyAno 4 267

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bhagavAna viSNunA dUto tyAM AvI pahoMcyA. emaNe yamakikarone ajAmilane laI jatAM aTakAvyA. teoe bhagavAnanA nAmanuM mAhAbhya samajAvyuM ane yamadUtone tyAMthI ravAnA karyA. ajAmila tyAra pachI sAjo thayo. eNe potAnuM zeSa jIvana prabhubhaktimAM vitAvyuM. jyAre te mRtyu pAmyo tyAre bhagavAna viSNunA dUto AvIne tene vaikuMThamAM laI gayA. Ama, ajAmilanuM kathAnaka ghaNuM nAnuM che. dayArAme potAnA A AkhyAnamAM te saMkSepamAM nirUpyuM che. AkhyAnanA bIjA, trIjA ane cothA kaDavAMmAM enI mukhya ghaTanAonuM nirUpaNa thayuM che. bAkInAM badhAM kaDavAM te prabhunA nAmano mahimA ane prabhuprApti mATenAM nAma-saMkIrtana sivAyanAM sAdhanonI maryAdA ke nirarthakatA darzAvavA mATe lakhAyAM che. bhagavAnanA nAmanA mAhAbhyanI carcA yamanA kiMkaro ane bhagavAna viSNunA pArzvado vacce thayelA vivAdane nimitte AkhyAnamAM lakhAI che. parIkSita rAjA ane zukadevajI vacce keTalAka tAttvika praznonI carcA paNa kavie nirUpI che. mANasathI jANatA ke ajANatAM pApa to thaI jAya che, paraMtu temAMthI mukta thavAya kevI rIte e mahattvano prazna che. zukadevajI kahe che : prAyazcitta sahu pApanAM, kahyAM che manu, nRpa ! jANa. jevA gurulaghu doSa tevA, lakhyA tenA upAya; dharmazAstra pramANa AcaraNa kyAMthI agha jAya. yoga, yajJa ne tIratha, tapa, vrata, karmakaSTi jJAna; dAna vaidika adhyayana, dharma nIma ne dhyAna, ItyAdika sAdhana sAdhyuM, TaLe kIdhAM pApa; bhUpa parIkSA mATe suniye, kIdho eha jabApa.' parIkSita rAjAnA manamAM prAyazcitta vize keTalIka zaMkA thAya che. teo kahe che ke mANasa prathama pApa kare, pachI tenuM prAyazcitta le, pharI pAchuM pApa kare ne pharI pAchuM prAyazcitta le, to e to snAna karIne hAthI pAcho potAnA mAthAmAM dhULa nAMkhe tenA jevI ghaTanA kahevAya, athavA DALa kApI nAkhyA pachI mULamAMthI pharI bIjI DALa Uge tenA jevuM e kArya gaNAya. evA kAryathI zo artha sare ? parIkSita rAjAnI A dalIla dayArAme sacoTa zabdamAM mUkI che. juo : kyAM prAyazcitta karyo thakI, thAya kilmiSa phoka; kaI buddhine vaza thaI, kali maLa kare che loka. vaLI pAtaka, vaLI prAyazcitta, te taNo kyAM pAra; kuMjara keza snAna sarakho, Tharyo eha prakAra." AnI sAthe sarakhAvI bhAgavatanA chaThThA skaMdhanA prathama adhyAyano dasamo ra68 - sAhityadarzana

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zloka, kuMjIsnAnanI upamA dayArAme bhAgavatamAMthI lIdhI che. kvacinnivartate'bhadrAtkvaciccarani tatpunaH / prAyazcittamato'pArtha manye kuJjara zaucavat // mULa mahImAM rahe ne jema chedana karIe vRkSa; temAMthI punaH pragaTa thAye, juo viTapa pratyakSa, vAsanA jaDa jyAM lagI, tahAM lagI zAkhA karma; liMga dehano dahe evo, emAM nathI koI dharma karma thakI baMdhAyo jIva te karme kema mukAya; pake lepyuM aMga te kyama, paMka thakI dhovAya ?' tapazcaryA uparAMta prANAyAma, yajJa, maMtra, tIrthayAtrA, dAna, dhyAna, vrata vagere upAyonI kaMIka ne kaMIka maryAdA hoya che. A badhA upAyo saraLa nathI. keTalAkamAM tananI zaktinI, keTalAkamAM mananI zaktinI ane keTalAkamAM dhananI apekSA rahe che. keTalAkamAM viziSTa adhikAranI jarUra paDe che. eTale e badhA upAyo karatAM nAmasmaraNano upAya saraLa, sarvasulabha ane sadyapariNAmI che. kavi lakhe che : ati kaThina aNaMga te paNa kare dhAraNa koNa; pavanarodha prayatna to thAya palANa prANa. makha viSe mAne na mana jemAM pazunI ghAta; dravya pAkhe nA bane anukULa nahi e vAta, dezakALa ne maMtrAdika anukULa sarva prakAra; uNo hoya koI upaskara to niSphaLa thAya nirdhAra.' vratAdi ke dehadamana karatAM ghaTe vapu ne vIrya, zAMta pAme zraddhA tethI jAya zucitA zairya veda gAyatrI karmano viprane che adhikAra; zUdrAdikane ghaTita nahi tehano te kyama uddhAra. dIna durbaLa adaDha kAmI sudhALu hoya atya; ALasu azuci adhama jaDa kRpaNanI zI gatya.' akSayapada, pAmavA mATe jo A badhAM sAdhanonI nirarthakatA hoya to te badhAM sivAyano upAya kayo che e batAvavA mATe parIkSita rAjA zukadevajIne prazna kare vinA ghane vinA tapasyA, vinA yajJa ne tIrtha; vinA yoge vinA dhyAne, zrama vinA thAya artha. dayArAmanAM AkhyAno ka 269

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iMdriyo jItyA vinA, vaNakarthe zAstra abhyAsa; koNa rIte thAya kaho muni, abhaya haripada vAsa.' parIkSita rAjAnI zaMkAnuM samAdhAna karatAM zukadevajI akSayapadanI prAptinA upAya tarIke bhaktino mahimA darzAve che. bhakti nava prakAranI che, paNa temAM nAmasaMkIrtananA prakAranI bhaktine teo savizeSa mahattvanI gaNAve che : eka vAra zrIkRSNa nAma koI prANI vadana AlApe; to tene svapna paNa yamacara kadA na darzana Ape. jatA taddhA nAma nArAyaNa je koI kare uccAra; topaNa saheje sarva zreya pAme, bhaya vAme niradhAra.' "ajAmila AkhyAna'mAM dayArAma zrImad bhAgavatanI kathAne zabdaza: anusare che ema nahi kahevAya, kAraNa ke dayArAmanuM kathAnirUpaNa keTaleka sthaLe nAnI nAnI vigatonI thoDI bhinnatA darzAve che, jema ke bhAgavatamAM ajAmila koI dAsI je vezyA jevI che tenI sAthe bhraSTa thAya che ema varNavyuM che, jyAre A AkhyAnamAM te zudrI sAthe bhraSTa thAya che ema batAvyuM che. dAsI zUDhiI ja hoya, paraMtu "ajAmila AkhyAna'mAM evI chApa paDe che ke zUdra-zUdrI pati-patnI hatAM -- mArga jAtAM eka zUdra zUdrI, krIDA karatAM paDyAM daSTa. ehanI vikala pati sahita puzalI, pratyakSa darTa dIThI.' jyAre zrImad bhAgavata pramANe dAsI te zUdranI patnI nahotI balake zUdra veyAthI bhraSTa thayo ema varNavyuM che. ajAmilanA ghare koI sAdhu Ave che ane te ajAmilane enA dasamA putranuM nAma nArAyaNa rAkhavAnI bhalAmaNa kare che e prasaMga bhAgavatamAM nathI. dayArAme e prasaMga bIjA koI purANamAMthI lIdho che. dayArAma lakhe che : zukajI kahe sAMbhaLa re caya purANAntara eka IhAM kathAya. anya purANa taNI e vAta, saMbaMdha maLavA kahI sAkSAta.' dayArAmanA A AkhyAnamAM pAtro ane prasaMgo ochAM che, paraMtu tenA nirUpaNamAM, emanAM bIjAM AkhyAnonI sarakhAmaNImAM temanI vizeSa siddhi jovA maLe che. dayArAma sAmAnya rIte pAtrano paricaya saMkSepamAM ja karAvatA hoya che. pAtranuM surekha citra doravA jeTalI nirAMta teo ekaMdare ochI dAkhave che. paraMtu A AkhyAnamAM emaNe ajAmila, yamakikaro, viSNunA dUto, zUdra ane zUdrI vagerenAM pAtrAlekhanane surekha banAvavA keTalIka vigato umerelI che. ajAmilanuM pAtrAlekhana 2% ja sAhityadarzana

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karatAM bhAgavatane anusarI enAM keTalAMka guNalakSaNo thoDI layabaddha paMktiomAM teo darzAve che. u. ta. jJAnI hato guNavAna ghaNo, nija dharma viSe sAvadhAna; suzIla dakSa dayALu tapasvI, pavitra vidyAvAna. dhyAnI nemI dhIrajavAna, saMtoSI ne ghaNo zAMta; kSamAvata mRdu hade madhura bhASaNa karato abhrAMta.' "mAtapitAnuM vacana pALato. karato gurunI sevA; pUjaya abhyAgata go dvija, arcana karato sarave devA. pitA vacanathI samidha levA, dvija jAto hato te vanamAM; aMtaHkarNa amaLa hatuM enuM, vikAra kaMI nahoto manamAM.' vanamAM zUdra ane zutIne kAmamohita thayelAM ajAmila jue che e prasaMganA varNanamAM kavi tAdazatA ane citrAtmakatA ANe che. juo : vasagraMthI kaTimukta thayelInAthane bAtha bharelI; kAminI kaThe dharyo bhuja puruSe caMdana lepa karelI, madyapAne mahAmatta thayelAM, bIjo kAma aMdhakAra; trija timira, zira jAta nahi. pachI tyAM zo vivekavicAra. kAvyAlaMkAromAM dayArAmane upamA savizeSa anukULa che. bhaktino mahimA darzAvavA temaNe nIce pramANe keTalIka suMdara upamAo ApI che : jANe ajANapaNe paNa jema, aDatAmAM agni bALa; tema anaMta abhidhAnavahi sadya kukarma kASTa prajALe.' 'amRta AhAra thayo ajJAne, topaNa amara thaI jAya; ema jAti guNa kRSNa nAmano. saheje paNa sukhadAya.' koTI varSano aMdhakAra, koI maMdiramAM hoya jyama; dipa eka dIThe sadya nAza, nAmathakI agha ma.' bhItara brahma prakAza ubhaya sthaLa, kRSNa kathya mukha thAya; umara dIpa dhare jyama AMgaNa, sadana timira sadya jAya.' dayArAma prathama bhaktakavi che ane pachI kathAkAra che enI pratIti, A AkhyAnamAM emaNe bhaktino mahimA darzAvavA mATe rokelAM kaDavAMnI saMkhyA parathI paNa thaze. kavino Azaya bhAgavatane anusarI bhaktino ane temAM paNa dayArAmanAM AkhyAno 4 271

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nAmasaMkIrtananA prakAranI bhaktino mahimA darzAvavAno mukhyatve rahyo che. ene pariNAme A AkhyAnamAM keTalIka punarukti paNa thayelI jaNAya che. vaLI dayArAma pote bhaktine varelA hovAthI dAna, tapa, tIrthayAtrA vagerene UtaratAM batAvavAmAM emano te mATeno pUrvagraha paNa pratibiMbita thayelo lAge che. bhAgavata karatAM dayArAmamAM e mATeno abhiniveza vizeSa jAya che. ekaMdare dayArAmanI A kRti emanAM badhAM AkhyAnomAM kadanI daSTie ane guNavattAnI daSTie mahattvanI che. ajAmilanuM kathAnaka dayArAmanI agAu khAsa koI AkhyAnakAra dvArA upayogamAM levAyuM nathI te dRSTie paNa A AkhyAna ApaNA AkhyAna sAhityamAM mahattvanuM gaNI zakAya. zrImad bhAgavatanA dazama skaMdhanA aThThAvanamA adhyAyamAM grevIsa jeTalA zlokomAM nAgnajitInA vivAhanuM je nirUpaNa thayuM che tene anusarIne dayArAme nAgnajitI vivAha' nAmanA AkhyAnanI racanA karI che. bhAgavatanA saMkSipta nirUpaNa uparathI kavie pAMca mIThAMnI baso sittera jeTalI kaDImAM A racanA narmadAtaTe AvelA cANoda (caMDIpura) nAmanA gAmamAM rahIne karI che. dareka "mIThAMne aMte kavie valaNanI be kaDI ApI che, paraMtu mIThAnA AraMbhamAM mukhyabaMdhanI kaDIo ApI nathI. AkhyAnane aMte phalazruti ApI che. kuzaladezanA rAjA nagnajitanI satyA nAmanI kuMvarI che. pitAnA nAma uparathI te "nAgnajitI' tarIke paNa jANItI che. nagnajitanI IcchA potAnI kuMvarIne zrIkRSNa sAthe paraNAvavAnI che. paraMtu svayaMvaramAM bIjA koI rAjAo phAvI na jAya te mATe te yuktipUrvakanI evI zarata kare che ke sAta mAtelA sAMDhane je eka sAthe vaza kare tene te potAnI kuMvarI paraNAvaze. kavi lakhe che : 'rANIo sAthe rAye vicAryuM, putrI prabhune ApavA re; bIjAne nA kahevuM paDe tema, jukti karI jora mApavA re. sAta sAMDha je nAthe narapata, eka kALe AvIne re; te kanyA mahArIne paraNe, mujane sukha upajAvIne re." rAjAno svayaMvara mATeno patra laI dUta judA judA dezamAM jaIne samAcAra Ape che. dareka rAjavIne ema lAge che ke sAta sAMDhane nAthavAnuM kAma potAne mATe jarAya agharuM nathI. zizupAla, jarAsaMdha, duryodhana, karNa vagere Ave che, paraMtu sAMDhane nAthavAmAM teo phAvatA nathI. teone nagnajita rAjAnI yuktinI khabara nathI. teo nirAza thaI jAya che. daramyAna pitAnI yuktinI khabara na hovAthI ane pote manathI ra72 sAhityadarzana

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zrIkRSNane varelI hovAthI nAgnajitI vyAkuLatA anubhave che. tenuM varNana karatAM kavi lakhe che : nAjitIe vAratA jANI je pitAe svayaMvara mAMDiyo re; rUpano AnaMda manamAM hato te, satyA zANIe chAMDiyo re. jo rUpa mujane vidhAtAe ApyuM, to nasIba ze nava ApiyuM re; 2mApati sAthe ramaNa ja karavA, zuM vidhie nA thApiyuM re.' eTalA mATe nAgnajitI mAtAjInA maMdire jAya che ane pUjA karIne potAnA mano2tha pUrNa karavA mATe mAtAjIne prArthanA kare che. potAnI zrIkRSNa pratyenI prIta sAcI che te batAvavA ane jo zrIkRSNa puruSottama potAne bharathAra tarIke na maLe to peTamAM kaTAra khosI marI javA paNa pote taiyAra che ema kahI te potAnA peTamAM kaTArI bhoMkavA jAya che. tyAM devI teno hAtha pakaDIne tene aTakAve che. nAgnajitI mAtAnA maMdire jaI prArthanA kare che ane potAnA peTamAM kaTArI mAravA jAya che e prasaMga bhAgavatamAM nathI. dayArAme potAnI kalpanAthI te umerelo che. kavi lakhe che : "jo mAtAjI manoratha pUro to, puruSottama parAviye re; pArakhuM Aja jaNAvo prauDhuM, to devI prANa bacAviye re. ema kahIne kaTAraDI kADhI, mAre uMdara mojhAra re; devIe AvIne hAtha ja jhAlyo, maLaze tune mocara re.' nAgnajitI zrIkRSNane khAnagI patra lakhe che ane svayaMvaramAM padhAravA ane sAta sAMDhane vaza karIne potAnA manoratha pUrNa karavA mATe vinaMtI kare che evuM varNana dayArAme karyuM che. khAnagI patra lakhavAnI kalpanA dayArAmanI maulika che, bhAgavatamAM e nathI. zrIkRSNa Ave che. nAgnajitI manathI icche che ke zrIkRSNa sAMDhane vaza kare to sAruM. eTalA mATe sAMDhanuM baLa ochuM thaI jAya evI prArthanA te kare che. A kalpanA paNa bhAgavatamAM nathI. dayArAmanI te maulika che. juo : thAjo balivarkamAM baLa thoDuM re; hari nirbaLa kahI na huM vakhoDuM re, ema vinati karatI camA re; cAlI AvyA vila raNa sAmA ' zrIkRSNa svayaMvaramAM padhAre che. temaNe sAMDha pAse jaI, mAyA karIne potAnAM sAta rUpa dhAraNa karyAM ane nAnuM bALaka lAkaDAnA baLadane vaza karavAnI ceSTA kare eTalI saraLatAthI eka sAthe sAteya sAMDhane vaza karyAM. bAlaceSTAnI upamA bhAgavatamAM ApelI che. dayArAme te bhAgavatamAMthI lIdhI che. teo lakhe che : dayArAmanAM AkhyAno 273

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bALaka cejha kare jema bAMdhI re; kASTanA baLada sAnamAM sAMdhI re. tema harivara karatAM lIlA re; sAte sAMDha thaI paDyA DhIlA re.. AnI sAthe sarakhAvI bhAgavatanI nIcenI paMktio : baddhA tAndAmabhiH zaurirmagnadanhitaujasaH / vyakarSallIlayA baddhAnbAlo dArumayAn yathAH // (1958-46) harivara nagnajita rAjAnI zarata pUrNa kare che, eTale emane nAgnajitI paraNAvavAmAM Ave che. zrIkRSNa nAgnajitIne laIne rathamAM besI potAne nagara dvArikA javA nIkaLe che. koI paNa mAtA potAnI dIkarIne zikhAmaNa Ape tema nAgnajitane paNa vaLAvatI vakhate enI mAtA zikhAmaNa Ape che evuM varNana dayArAme potAnI maulika kalpanAthI karyuM che. mAtA zikhAmaNa ApatAM vatsalatApUrvaka kahe che : "mAtA putrIne ke mIThaDI. vaDAI kADhaje thaIne vaDI; sAsu-sasarAnuM meLavaje mAna, dubhavIza nahi kyAre bhagavAna. diyara-jeThanI karaje seva, sAsarI pakSane gaNaje deva; nAma kADhaje piyarataNuM, catura huM kahuM zuM ati ghaNuM.' mArgamAM svayaMvaramAM parAjita thayelA rAjAo zrIkRSNanA ratha upara bANa pheMkavA lAgyA. paraMtu arjune te badhAne nasADI mUkyA ema bhAgavatamAM lakhyuM che. paraMtu dayArAme e prasaMge vigate varNavyo che. yuddhe caDelA rAjAone pakaDI, jAnaiyA gaNI, dvArikA laI jaI temanuM sanmAna karavAmAM Ave che ema emaNe varNavyuM che. A dayArAmanI maulika kalpanAnuM umeraNa che ane te prasaMgane gauravabharyo uThAva Ape che. kavi lakhe che : bhAgyAM jenA prathama yAdave gAtra vaLI balivaI zikSAnA pAtra; te dveSI maLyA che , yuddha karavAne ratha joDe. are gopALamAM parAkrama kazuM svayaMvarane jItavA jazuM; ema vadI mUkyAM bANa apAra, harie sAraMga sAhyuM teNI tAra. tava bolyA trikama sAthe pArtha, po karuM hari amo sAthe; tame mIMDhaLa bAMdhyuM rAkho. prathama kone pADe te dAkho. harajI kahe suNo arjuna, gaNo jAnaIyA sahu rAjana; sAthe bAMdhI dvArakAmAM lIje, tyAM sanamAna bhaleruM kIje. 274 sAhityadarzana

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suNI baLabhadre te vAta, jovA jAdavapati sAkSAta; lAvyA nRpa karyuM sanmAna, choDI mUkyA jALavI mAna.' zrIkRSNa nAgnajinI sAthe dvArikA padhAre che. tyAM temane poMkhavAnI je vidhi thAya che enuM vigate varNana dayArAme pAMcamA mIThAmAM karyuM che. e varNana dayArAme potAnI maulika kalpanAthI umereluM che. emAM emanA samayanA rivAjonuM keTaluMka pratibiMba paNa paDyuM che te nIcenI keTalIka kaDIo jotAM jaNAze : *gora kahe graho jhuMsara musaLu, trAka ravaio jeha; rIte bhAte graho hAthamAM, maMtra vadhu niHsaMdeha.' * iDIpIDI zaLiyo sahI, saMpuTa puTa dharyA pAsa; rIte prIta padhAryAM maMDape, AnaMdI avinAza.' * maMDapa madhya Asana ati opatuM, tyAM birAjyA mA'rAja; arjuna sAthe besADIyA, kahe prazaMsAnA kAja' dayArAmanuM A AkhyAna kadamAM nAnuM che. alabatta, bhAgavatanI kathAne te vistArathI nirUpe che. emAM dayArAmanuM lakSya jeTaluM kathA nirUpavAnuM che teTaluM kathAprasaMgone rasika rIte AlekhavAnuM nathI. AkhyAnamAM rasabhara nirUpaNane mATe avakAza nathI ema nathI. nAgnajitInAM rUpalAvaNya, enI virahavedanA, bhinna bhinna rAjAonA sAMDhane vaza karavAnA prayatno ityAdi prasaMgomAM zRMgAra, vIra, hAsya vagere rasonA Alekhana mATe ThIka ThIka avakAza rahelo che. alabatta, dayArAme varNanane yathAvakAza rasika banAvavAno prayatna karyo che, paNa te bahu saMtarpaka nathI. mArmika prasaMgone sacoTa rIte nirUpavAne mATe teo khAsa kyAMya vizeSa thobhatA hoya tevuM jaNAtuM nathI. pariNAme dayArAmanA AkhyAnamAM rasikatA ane citrAtmakatAnI thoDIka adhUrapa anubhavAya che. dayArAme keTaluMka maulika umeraNa karyuM che, paraMtu maulika kavitvazaktinA jhabakArA A AkhyAnamAM ekaMdare ochA jovA maLe che. alabatta, samagra dRSTie vicAratAM dayArAmanI bIjI AkhyAnakRtionI sarakhAmaNImAM A AkhyAna avazya emanI keTalIka vizeSa zakti dAkhave che. dayArAme ATha mIThAMmAM lakhelI 'satyabhAmAvivAha' nAmanI AkhyAnakRtimAM zrImad bhAgavatanA dazama skaMdhanA 56mA adhyAya pramANe satyabhAmA sAthenA zrIkRSNanA vivAhano prasaMga varNavAyo che. emAM bhAgavatAnusAra jAMbuvatInA pANigrahaNanuM paNa varNana thayuM che. satrAjita nAmanA eka jAdavane potAnA iSTadeva sUryanI bhaktithI syamantaka nAmano maNi prApta thayo hato. Avo bahumUlya maNi dayAcamanAM AkhyAno * 275

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koI gRhastha pAse nahi paNa rAgRhamAM ja zobhe. eTale zrIkRSNa te ugrasena rAjAne bheTa tarIke ApavA mATe satrAjitane sUcana karyuM. paraMtu satrAjitane e vAta gamI nahi. eNe bhagavAnanA vacanano anAdara karyo. tyAra pachI eka vakhata satrAjitano prasena nAmano bhAI e maNi laIne vanamAM mRgayA karavA gayo. paraMtu eka siMhe prasenane mArI nAkhyo. e vAtanI khabara paDatAM maNi meLavavA mATe jAMbuvAna nAmanA rIMche e siMhane mArI nAkhyo ane enI pAsethI e maNi laI lIdho. eNe potAnI dIkarI jAMbuvatIne te ramavA Apyo. prasena mRtyu pAmyAnI vAta sAMbhaLI eTale satrAjitane vahema paDyo ke zrIkRSNa ja potAnA bhAIne maNi paDAvI levA mATe marAvI nAkhyo haze. satrAjitanI A vAta pharatI pharatI zrIkRSNanA kAne AvI. eTale emaNe potAne mAthe lAgeluM e lAMchana dUra karavA tapAsa karAvI. emane khabara paDI ke prasena siMhathI mRtyu pAmyo che ane maNi jAMbuvAna pAse che. eTale emaNe vanamAM jaI jAMbuvAna sAthe yuddha karyuM. sattAvIsa divasa (bhAgavata pramANe aThThAvIsa divasa e yuddha cAlyuM. chevaTe jAMbuvAna hAryo. bhagavAnane oLakhyA. eNe potAnI dIkarI jAMbuvatI zrIkRSNa sAthe paraNAvI ane paherAmaNImAM camataka maNi Apyo. zrIkRSNa dvArikA AvI sabhAjanonI vacce e maNi satrAjitane pAcho ApI potAne mAthe lAgeluM lAMchana dUra karyuM. paraMtu ethI satrAjita zaramAI gayo. potAnI bhUla mATe ene pazcAttApa thayo. eNe syamantaka maNi pAcho Apyo ane bhagavAna sAthe saMbaMdha bAMdhavAne mATe potAnI putrI satyabhAmAne zrIkRSNa sAthe paraNAvI. AvI rIte zrIkRSNanA satyabhAmA sAthe vivAha thayA. satyabhAmAM zrIkRSNanI paTarANI banI. A AkhyAnamAM bhAgavatane AdhAre satyabhAmAnA vivAhanuM kathAnaka nirupAyuM che. kavie kathAprasaMgonA AlekhanamAM pote jeTalo rasa dAkhavyo che tethI vizeSa rasa lagnanA rItarivAjanA varNanamAM ane vastrAlaMkAra tathA bhojananI sAmagrInA nirUpaNamAM dAkhavyo che. kathAprasaMganuM nirUpaNa to prathama be mIThAMmAM ja pUruM thaI jAya che, pachInAM mIThAMo to A lagnaprasaMganAM varNano mATe kavie yojelAM che. eka AkhuM mIThuM miAna pharasANa, zAka ItyAdi bhojananI vividha sAmagrInI yAdI ApavAmAM ja kavie rokyuM che. emAM aMte e bhojananI phalazruti darzAvatAM kavi lakhe che : gaurava bhojana e zrIkRSNanuM re, je ko zIkhe sAMbhaLe ne gAya; kahe dayo basa zrI vallabhadevano re, tenAM sau kAraja siddha thAya.' bhojanasAmagrInuM sthUla varNana karavAmAM dayArAma rAce che. e varNana nAma gaNanA ke yAdI jevuM vizeSa banyuM che. emanA varNanamAMthI namUnArUpa thoDIka paMktio juo : 276 rana sAhityadarzana

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vAla vaTANA coLA hiMga telamAM re, kIdhAM bhajiyAM muMjANAM aneka; meLI meLavaNI taLyAM suMdara zaNagAM re, cAru caTaNImAM atya viveka mAMTha maThaDI Thora manohara lADuvA re, mevAnI chUTI buMdI che sAra; caMdrakaLA sutarapheNI sohAmaNI re, sakkarapArano svAda apAra." 'seva zIro suMvALI ne cUramuM re vaDAM veDamI ne rasapoLI; oramuM leheMcI rAyaNa rAtI rasabharI re, pIrase sAkara ghUta mAMhe ja boLI.' eka "mIThA'mAM dayArAme zrIkRSNanA varaghoDAnuM zabdacitra doryuM che. bhojanasAmagrInA varNana karatAM A varNanamAM cArutA vizeSa jaNAya che. alabatta, emAM paNa AbhUSaNonI yAdI to Ave ja che. juo : kiMThe virAje suvarNa sAMkaLI, moTI muktAphaLanI re mALa; harine hAthe kanaka kaDAM sAMkaLI re, kaTimekhaLA zobhe vizALa; varaghoDo dvArikezano re, juo juo re jagatanA loka satyabhAmAnA A kathAnakamAM evI evI rasika ghaTanAo rahelI che ke jo dayArAme dhAryuM hota to tenuM rasika savistara Alekhana karI zakAyuM hota. paraMtu kathAprasaMgonA savigata rasayukta AlekhanamAM dayArAmane enI kaviprakRti pramANe rasa ocho ja rahyo che. gujarAtI AkhyAna sAhityamAM mahattvanI na gaNAya evI A kRti dayArAmanI potAnI noMdhapAtra AkhyAnakRtiomAM avazya sthAna pAme evI che. dayArAme bhAgavatanA dazamaskaMdhamAM pa3mA adhyAyane anusarI "rukmiNI vivAha' nAmanuM AkhyAna lakhyuM che. phakta traNa ja mIThAMmAM lakhAyelI A laghu AkhyAnakRtimAM rukmiNIno zrIkRSNa sAthe vivAha kevI rIte thAya che tenuM varNana thayuM che. vidarbha dezamAM kuMdanapura nagaramAM rAjya karatA rAjA bhImakarAyane rukimaNI , dayArAmanAM AkhyAno 277

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nAmanI eka putrI che, ane pAMca dIkarA che, jemAM sauthI moTAnuM nAma che rukamaiyo. rAjArANI ane bIjAM kuTuMbIjanonI tathA prajAjanonI icchA rukmiNInAM lagna zrIkRSNa sAthe thAya evI hatI. paraMtu rukamaiyAnI icchA potAnI bahenane govALiyA zrIkRSNa karatAM rAjA zizupALa sAthe paraNAvavAnI che. te eTalo jabaro che ke rAjAne paNa tenI vAta sAthe saMmata thavuM paDe che. te zizupALane lagna mATe nimaMtraNa ApI Ave che. enI khabara paDatAM rukmiNIne bahu saMtApa thAya che. te patra lakhIne zrIkRSNane madada karavA ane lagna karavA vinaMtI kare che. zrIkRSNa tarata ekalA nIkaLI paDe che. enI jANa thatAM tarata baLadeva paNa sainya laIne pAchaLa nIkaLI paDe che. zrIkRSNa AvIne vivAha mATe sajja thayelI rukmiNIne potAnA rathamAM besADIne upADI jAya che. apamAnita thayelA rAjAo, zizupALa ane rukanaiyo -- e badhA zrIkRSNa sAthe yuddhe caDe che, paNa baLarAmanI senA pAse emanuM kazuM cAlatuM nathI. teo parAjita thAya che. zrIkRSNa rukmiNI sAthe dvArakA padhAre che ane tyAM temanAM vidhipUrvaka lagna thAya che. A AkhyAnamAM ghaTanAnuM nirUpaNa kavie saMkSepamAM tvarita gatie karyuM che. alabatta, rukmiNInuM pAtra kavie keTaleka aMze vigata doryuM che. juo temAMnI keTalIka paMktio : lAMbI vAsukI sarakhI che veNa, sacIkaNa zyAmaLI re, ardha caMdrAkAre che kapALa, nAsA jANe zuka vaLI re. koTI zazI ne sUraja jhAMkhA paDyA, mukha enuM nirakhatAM re, daMta raMgata kuda kaLI, puSpa varase che harakhatAM re. moTI aNiyALI caMcaLa AMkhaDI, trAkuMDuM zobhIye re; hRddhe kara kI siha samAna harimana lobhIye re. cAle maMdagati gaja sarIkhaDI, nautama vastra che re; zobhe nakhazikha AlaNa atya, duSTa 2 zastra che .' zrImad bhAgavatamAM rukmiNIvivAhanI kathA jeTalI vigate ApavAmAM AvI che teTaluM vigate nirUpaNa dayArAme A AkhyAnamAM karyuM nathI. keTalAMka 2sasthAno dayArAma jarUra khIlavI zakyA hota. paraMtu e temanI kaviprakRtine anukULa lAgatuM nathI. ekaMdare A AkhyAnakRti madhyama kakSAnI che. dayArAme zrImad bhagavadgItA vize be sudIrgha kRtionI racanA karI che. eka kRti te 'zrImad bhagavadgItA prAkRta bhASA padabaMdha' nAmanI che. emAM dayArAme zrImad bhagavadgItAne gujarAtImAM aDhAra adhyAyamAM utArI che. A kRti AkhyAna nathI. dayArAmanI rasika vallabha' jevI dArzanika kRtiomAM tenI gaNanA karI zakAya. 278 sAhityadarzana

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dayArAmanI bIjI kRti te "zrImad bhagavadgItAmAhAtmA' nAmanI che. aDhAra adhyAyamAM lakhAyelI, lagabhaga 790 kaDInI A kRtine AkhyAnanA prakAranI kRti tarIke oLakhAvI zakAya. alabatta, emAM valaNa ke uthalAnI paMktio nathI. pApurANanA AdhAre dayArAme A kRtinI racanA saMvata 1879mAM karI che. kavi lakhe che : gItA mahAtma kathA ati pAvana, sAMbhaLatAM sukha thAya; adaza adhyAya varaNavyo, pRthaka pRthaka mahimAya. padmapurANa vize che bhAkhI, kathA anupama sArI; kRSNabhakti utpanna kare ura, koTika kilamiSahArI." dayArAme A racanA zaMkara ane pArvatInA saMvAdanA rUpamAM karI che. kavi lakhe che : eka same kailAsa vize, pAravatI bolyAM vANI tama mukhathI meM zravaNa karI che, sakaLa kathA zUlapANi. icchA eka mune che tadapi, pUrNa karaze avinAzI; zrI bhagavagItAno mahimA, zravaNa karAvo prazI." evuM vacana suNI zaktinuM, bolyA ziva sAkSAta. prasanna thaI kahe dhanya ramA tuM uttama pUchI vAta. tyAra pachI dareka adhyAyamAM zivajI te adhyAyanuM mAhAsya samajAvavA mATe eka kathA kahe che. e rIte somazarmA, devazarmA, jaDakarma, bharta, pilaMga, munIzvara, zaMkUkarNa, bhavama, suMdara mAdhava, sunaMda, haridIkSita, SaDabAhu ityAdinI kathA varNavavAmAM AvI che. kathAonAM keTalAMka mukhya pAtro brAhmaNa che. teo duSTatA ane anAcAramAMthI dharma ane bhakti tarapha kevI rIte vaLe che ane sadgati pAme che te nirupavAmAM AvyuM che. A kathAo bhAratanA judA judA pradezamAM banatI batAvAI che ane e nimitte tyAM AvelAM tIrtho vagerenuM varNana paNa thayuM che. dayArAmanA jIvanano ghaNo samaya tIrthayAtrAmAM pasAra thayo hato. eTale potAnA pratyakSa anubhavanA AdhAre dayArAme vigatonA keTalAka raMgo pUrI kathAnakone rasika banAvavA prayatna karyo che. zrImad bhagavadgItAnA mAhAbhyane varNavatI A upadezapradhAna dIrgha kRti rocaka banI che. dayArAme zrImad bhAgavatane anulakSIne "zrI rukmiNI sImaMta' nAmanI traNa kaDavAMnI laghu AkhyAnakRtinI racanA potAnI maulika kalpanAthI karI che. A kRtimAM ghaTanAsabhara koI kathAnaka levAyuM nathI. paraMtu mAtra rukmiNInA sImaMtano prasaMga dayArAmanAM AkhyAno ka ra79

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varNavAyo che. bhAgavatamAM rukmiNInA pANigrahaNa pachI tarata ja pradyumnanA janmanI vAta Ave che. rukmiNInA sImaMtano koI ullekha nathI. dayArAme svasamaya ane svajJAtinA rItarivAjane lakSamAM rAkhI sImaMtano A prasaMga varNavyo che. e dRSTie A kAvyane AkhyAnane badale prasaMgakAvya tarIke oLakhAvavuM ucita che. A prasaMganuM nirUpaNa kavie tatkAlIna pracalita lokavyavahArane lakSamAM rAkhIne karyuM che. rukimaNIno khoLo bharavAmAM Ave che tenI vidhinuM tathA te prasaMge padhArelAM sagAMsnehIo kevI kevI kImatI bheTa laIne Ave che tenuM varNana kavie karyuM che. kavinA A varNanamAM vigatapracura citrAtmakatA che, paNa te zuSka che. vastutaH kavino Azaya rukmiNInA sImaMtane nimitte AvA rItarivAjanuM tathA paherAmaNImAM apAyelI cIjavastuonuM varNana karavAno vizeSa che: rukmiNInuM varNana kavie alaMkArayukta karyuM che, paNa temAM koI vizeSa camatkRti jovA maLatI nathI. kavi lakhe che : zobhA jotAM sarve strI aMkhI paDI re, nahi jagamAM koI e gadaMbA joDa; mukha para vArU koTi zarada candramA re. karapada kamaLa samAna.' kavie rItarivAjanuM Alekhana kevuMka karyuM che te nIcenI thoDIka paMktio parathI joI zakAze : gotraja devI sthApana kIdhAM preme pUjiyAM re, vRddhazrAddha kIdhuM vasudeva; dakSiNA deI brAhmaNa saMtoSIA re, caMdela padharAvyAM tatakheva, pIThI coLI dhaNane navarAviyAM re, vastrabhUSaNa dhariyA zubha zaNagAra. pasalI bharAvI rUkamaratha vIra re, pAna phophaLa zrIphaLa mudrA sAra." rIta bhAte sarve kIdho cAMdalo re. aMbara AbhUSaNa hIca mora re. kuLagotra jJAti rIti rUDI kIdhI re, vedavidhi kIdhI kahI jyama gora." 27 - sAhityadarzana

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strImAM pramatha vevANa devakIjIne cIra anupama jhINo jI; adbhuta AbhUSaNa ne motImALA, rokaDa ApyuM, nahi bAkI kazI.' dayArAmakRta 'rukmiNI sImaMta'ne sAdhAraNa kakSAnI kRti gaNI zakAya. dayArAme 'zrIkRSNa upavIta' nAmanI phakta eka kaDavAnI sattAvIsa kaDInI racanA karI che. temAM emaNe zrIkRSNane upavIta devAmAM Ave che te prasaMganuM varNana karyuM che. A prasaMga bhAgavatamAM nathI. kavie potAnI maulika kalpanAthI tenuM nirUpaNa karyuM che. A kAvyamAM koI kathAnaka nathI, paraMtu mAtra eka prasaMganuM nirUpaNa thayuM che. e rIte A kAvyane paNa AkhyAnakAvya karatAM prasaMgakAvya tarIke oLakhAvavuM vadhAre ucita gaNAya. kAvyamAM prasaMga to zrIkRSNane upevIta ApavAno che, paraMtu te prasaMga jANe ke kavinA samayamAM taLa gujarAtamAM banato hoya tevo nirUpAyo che. kavie upavIta ApavAnI vidhinuM potAnI jJAtinA rivAja mujaba varNana karyuM che. A varNana kramAnusAra savigata karavAmAM AvyuM che. koIne dhare upavIta ApavAno prasaMga hoya to tene mATe mArgadarzaka bane e prakAranuM A kAvya thayuM che. upavItanA prasaMganI vidhi ane te vakhate zI zI cIjavastuonI jarUra paDe tenI vigatavAra mAhitI paNa A kAvyamAMthI maLI rahe ema che. kavie kAvyamAM zrIkRSNanAM svajanonAM nAmono nirdeza karyo che ane te badhAno vyavasthita krama paNa batAvyo che. kAvyane aMte kavie valaNanI paMktiomAM kAvyanI phlazruti darzAvI che. ekaMdare sAdhAraNa kakSAnI A kRti che. dhoLanI saLaMga cAlIsa kaDImAM dayArAme aSTapaTarANIno vivAha' nAmanI kRtinI racanA karI che. enuM kathAvastu zrImad bhAgavatane AdhAre atyaMta saMkSepamAM sArarUpe nirupAyuM che. A kRtimAM draupadI ane zrIkRSNanI ATha paTarANIo vacce vArApharatI je vAta thAya che tenuM saMkSepamAM nirUpaNa thayuM che. draupadIno prazna che, 'kaho kRSNarANI ! varyA kema zrIhari ?" A praznanA uttaramAM rukmiNI, jAMbuvatI, satyabhAmA, kAliMdI, mitraviMdA, satyA (nAgnajitI), bhadrA ane lakSmaNA e ATheya paTarANIo zrIkRSNa sAthe potAnA vivAha kevA kevA saMjogomAM, kevI rIte thayA teno itihAsa saMkSepamAM cAra-pAMca kaDImAM kahe che. A aSTa paTarANIo uparAMta zrIkRSNane bIjI je soLa hajAra rANIo hatI temAMnI mukhya evI rohiNI paNa sarvanA vivAhanI vAta kahe che. kavi lakhe che : dayArAmanAM AkhyAno 281

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soLa sahastramAM mukhI kahe rohiNI, suNo rANI amArI je rItya. amo sarve huM rAjakumArIo sahune dvArikAdhIza zuM prIta. narakAsura rAjA saravane jItIne lAvyo kanyA sahu nija dhAma, tene mArI mohana amane lAvIyA parayA saravane suMdara zyAma." saMkSipta paricayAtmaka mAhitI varNavatI evI A kRtimAM bIjI khAsa koI camatkRti nathI. AkhyAna karatAM kathAgIta tarIke tene vizeSa oLakhAvI zakAya. dayArAme "zrI dazamaskaMdhalIlAnukramaNikA' nAmanI eka kRtinI racanA karI che. vaiSNava bhaktone zrImad bhAgavata ane temAM paNa bhagavAna zrIkRSNanI vividha lIlAo e graMthanA je skaMdhamAM varNavavAmAM AvI che e dazama skaMdha ati priya hoya e svAbhAvika che. madhyakAlIna gujarAtImAM bhIma, bhAlaNa, kezavadAsa, premAnaMda, ratnezvara, mAdhavadAsa, lakSmIdAsa, saMta vagere kavioe 'dazamaskaMdhane gujarAtImAM utAravAnA prayAso karyA che. taduparAMta dazamaskaMdhanA keTalAka prasaMgo upara svataMtra AkhyAnanA prakAranI racanAo paNa thayelI che. kAzIsuta zedhajIkRta "rukmiNIharaNa', phUDhakRta "rukimaNIharaNa', devIdAsakRta "rukmiNIharaNa', viSNudAsakRta "okhAharaNa ane rukmiNIharaNa', kRSNadAsakRta "rukmiNIharaNa', zivadAsakRta 'bAlacarita', kIku vasahIkRta 'bAlacarita', hIrAnaMdana kAhAnakRta 'okhAharaNa' ityAdi saMkhyAbaMdha kRtio dazamaskaMdhane AdhAre lakhAyelI che, je darzAve che ke dazamaskaMdhanI ane temAM paNa rukmiNIharaNa ane okhAharaNanI kathA tyAre keTalI badhI lokapriya hatI. dayArAmanA A kAvyanuM zIrSaka sUcave che te pramANe bhAgavatanA dazamaskaMdhamAM je badhI ghaTanAo banatI varNavAI che tenI anukramaNikA padyamAM gUMthI levAmAM AvI che. arthAt dazamaskaMdhanI ghaTanAono sAranirdeza kavie temAM kramAnusAra karyo che. rAga AzAvarInI cAlamAM pUrvArdha ane uttarArdha ema be khaMDamAM, badhI maLIne 130 kaDImAM, A kRtinI racanA thaI che. kRtino Azaya darzAvatAM kavi lakhe che : zrI bhAgavatanI kathA kahuM amRta sama pavitra; tehataNuM paNa behovaNa kevaLa kRSNa caritra. te paNa vistAre varNavatAM ghaNI eka lAge vAra; mATe saMkSepa smaraNa thavA anukrama karuM re uccAra." A kRtimAM kavie vasudeva ane devakI, kaMsa, putanA, zakaTAsura, aghAsura, 282 - sAhityadarzana

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bakAsura, vacchAsura, dhanakAsura, kAliyanAga, saMkhacUDa, vyomAsura, sudAmA, kunjA, ugrasena, akrUra, kALayavana, jarAsaMdha, rukamaiyA, jAMbavAna, satrAjita, aniruddha, zAmbakuMvara, zizupAla, pradyumna, daMtavakra, arjuna vagerene lagatA prasaMgono saMkSepamAM nirdeza karyo che. dayArAme jema bhAgavatanA dazamaskaMdhanI anukramaNikA lakhI che tema emaNe samagra bhAgavatanI paNa anukramaNikA lagabhaga pAMcaso kaDImAM lakhI che. A racanA dayArAme vraja bhASAmAM saMvata 1879mAM karI che. teo lakhe che : "zaka aDhAra aganyAsI zubha phAguna dvitIyA kRSNa: graMtha samApta tAhI dina, pUraNa karI prabhu tRSNa.' dayArAme A racanA mukhyatve dohA ane roLA chaMdanI kaDIomAM karI che. kvacitu copAI ane harigItamAM paNa paMktio emaNe lakhI che. zrImad bhAgavatanA bAra skaMdha che ane te dareka skaMdhamAM nirUpAyelI mukhya mukhya ghaTanAono nirdeza kavi te skaMdha mATe yojelA khaMDamAM kare che. AraMbhamAM zrImad bhAgavatano ane enA pratyeka skaMdhano mahimA varNavI kavie tenA skaMdha ane adhyAyonI saMkhyAno skUla paricaya paNa karAvyo che. juo ; prathama skaMdha unnisa adhyAya, tAkaeN prakaraNa tIna kahAya, hIna madhyama uttama phera. tina tina adhyAya puni tera." pratyeka skaMdhane aMte ApelI saMskRta puSmikAmAM kavi potAnI kRti mATe "bhASA nibaMdha' zabda prayoje che, eTale ke mULa saMskRta uparathI potAnI bhASAmAM karelI racanA tarIke ene oLakhAve che. dareka khaMDane aMte chellI kaDI valaNa" ke "uthalAnI kaDInI jema kavie judA chaMdamAM lakhI che. dayArAmanuM vraja bhASA upara kevuM prabhutva hatuM ane padyaracanA emane keTalI sulabha hatI te A kRti uparathI joI zakAya che. madhyakAlIna AkhyAnakAvyamAM kevA kevA vividha viSayo levAtA ane tenI rajUAta kevI rIte vividha dRSTithI thatI tenA namUnA tarIke paNa anukramaNikAnA prakAranI A be kRtio noMdhanIya gaNAya. potAnA purogAmI bhakta kavionA jIvanaprasaMgo vize madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM je keTalIka kRtionI racanA thaI che temAM dayArAmanI kRtio kuMvarabAInuM mAmeruM ane mIrAMcaritrane paNa gaNAvI zakAya. saLaMga eka ja DhALanI trevIsa kaDImAM lakhAyelI kuMvarabAInuM mAmeruM' nAmanI kRtimAM bhaktakavi narasiMha mahetAnI putrI kuMvarabAInA sImaMtano prasaMga varNavAyo che. narasiMha mahetA kevI rIte dayArAmanAM AkhyAno - 283

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kuMvarabAInuM mAmeruM kare che te vizenI lokapracalita daMtakatAnuM temAM nirUpaNa thayuM che. bhagavAna bhaktanI pahelAM kasoTI kare che, paraMtu aMte to te camatkArika rIte sahAya kare che e zraddhAno sUra A ghaTanAmAMthI nIkaLe che. narasiMha mahetA lokavyavahArathI alipta ane anabhijJa hatA. vaLI teo nirdhana paNa hatA, kAraNa ke kamAvA mATe temaNe kaMI udyama karyo nahoto. eTale potAnA nirdhana pitA mAmeruM kevI rIte karaze tenI kuMvarabAIne satata ciMtA hatI. paraMtu bhaktavatsala bhagavAne e prasaMge narasiMha mahetAne sahAya karI. kuMvarabAInA zvasurapakSane pUro saMtoSa thAya ane vaLI Azcarya paNa thAya eTalI sarasa rIte bhagavAne A prasaMga pAra pADyo. dayArAmanI A laghukRtimAM vizeSa camatkRti jovA maLatI nathI. alabatta, tatkAlIna lokarivAja ane lokamAnasanuM temAM pratibimba paDeluM joI zakAya che. nirdhana mANasonI kevI avagaNanA thAya che ane bhagavAne tene kevI rIte sahAya kare che tenuM kavie nIce pramANe be kaDImAM sarasa citra doryuM che "mehatAne nIra nAhAvA tAtuM dharyuM re, samovaNa mAgatAM karI vAMkI vAta. mahete tyAM ja trikamanuM smaraNa karyuM re, puruSottame preryo varasAda.' dayArAmanI A kRtine AkhyAna tarIke oLakhAvavAmAM Ave che te temAM AlekhAyelA suparicita vRttAMtane lIdhe ja, anyathA AkhyAna tarIke oLakhAvatAM saMkoca thAya teTalI nAnI A kRti che. AkhyAnane badale kathAgIta tarIke ja tene suyogya rIte oLakhAvI zakAya. 'kuMvarabAInuM mAmeruM' nAmanI sikatAthI sabhara thatA maulika nirUpaNa ane alaMkAro vaDe opatI premAnaMdanI kRti lokomAM supere gavAtI hovA chatAM, eTale ke potAnI samakSa A viSayanI uttama namUnAkRti upalabdha hovA chatAM, dayArAme zA mATe A kRtinuM sarjana karyuM haze evo prazna thAya. dayArAma potAnI A kRtimAM koI vize, siddhi dAkhavatA to nathI, premAnaMdanI barAbarI paNa karI zakatA nathI, balake premAnaMdanI kRti pAse nisteja lAge evI emanI A kRti che. bhagavAna bhaktane sahAya kare che. e zraddhAne poSavAnA Azaya mAtrathI ja dayArAma dvArA A kRtinuM sarjana thayeluM hoya evuM vizeSa lAge che. dayArAme 'mIrAMcaritra' nAmanI nAnakaDI AkhyAnakRti lakhI che. kRtinuM zIrSaka sUcave che tema ciratranA prakAranI A kRti che. eka ja DhALanI saLaMga 37 kaDImAM lakhAyelI A kRtimAM mIrAMnA jIvananA lagabhaga badhA mahattvanA prasaMgonuM tvarita gatie saMkSipta nirUpaNa thayuM che. kAvyano upADa kavie sarasa karyo che. juo : 284 : sAhityadarzana

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mIrAM mana mohanazuM mAnyuM; variyA variyA zrI giradharalAla, jANe kya, nathI kaMI chAnuM. meDatAnA rANA jeThamalla rAThoDanI dIkarI mIrAMbAI manathI zrIkRSNane varI hatI, paraMtu udepuranA rANA sAthe tenAM lagna thAya che. zivabhakta zvasura kuTuMba sAthe mIrAMbAIno meLa thato nathI. mIrAMbAIne rANA taraphathI trAsa thAya che, paraMtu daivI sahAyathI te bacI jAya che. talavAra laI mAravA AvelA rANAne ekane badale cAra mIrAM dekhAya che. mIrAMbAI mATe mokalelo viSano pyAlo amRtamaya banI jAya che. mIrAM mevADa choDI vRMdAvana jAya che. tyAM strInuM mukha na jonAra goMsAIjIne mIrAMbAI upAlaMbha Ape che. e upAlaMbhanI dayArAmanI nIcenI paMktio khUba jANItI thayelI Aja lagI huM ema jANatI je vrajamAM kRSNa puruSa che eka; vRMdAvana vasI hajI puruSa rahyA cho, temAM dhanya tamAro viveka. dayArAmanI A kRti kadamAM nAnI che, chatAM mIrAMnA jIvanaprasaMgonI surekha chApa ApaNA citta upara aMkita thAya che. saraLa geyaDhALo, layabaddhatA ane prAsanI saMkalanA kRtine keTaleka aMze cArutA arpe che ane AsvAdya banAve che. Ama, dayArAmanI kahevAtI badhI AkhyAnakRtiono paricaya ApaNe karyo. dayArAmanI samakSa premAnaMdanI uttama AkhyAnakRtio namUnA tarIke upasthita hatI. Ama chatAM dayArAma AkhyAnanI bAbatamAM premAnaMdanI koI kRtinI barAbarI karI zakatA nathI. paralakSI kavitAmAM uttarakAlIna kavine vizeSa lAbha maLato hoya che, kAraNa ke tenI samakSa purogAmI kavionI saMkhyAbaMdha uttama kRtio udAharaNarUpe rahelI hoya che. temAMnA uttama tattvane svIkArIne tathA potAnI maulika pratibhA vaDe keTaluMka navuM sarjana karIne sarjaka kavi vizeSa zaktizALI kRti sarjI zake che. paraMtu dareka vakhate ema banavuM sulabha nathI. temAM paNa eka bahu moTI pratibhAvALA kavinI uttama racanAo pachI, eNe khIlavelAM kAvyasvarUpo enA anugAmI kavione hAthe eTalAM khIlatAM nathI. premAnaMda pachI (1) raNachoDa (naciketAkhyAna), (2) haridAsa (sItAviraha, zAmaLazAno vivAha), (3) kAlidAsa prahUlAdAkhyAna, dhruvAkhyAna), (4) mULajI bhaTTa (narasiMha mahetAnA pitAnuM zrAddha), (5) lajjArAma (abhimanyu AkhyAna), (6) gauviMdarAma (subhadrAharaNa), (7) prItamaziSya goviMdarAma (satabhAmAnuM rUsaNuM, harizcandrAkhyAna), dhIro (raNayajJa, azvamedhayajJa, draupadIvastrAharaNa), (9) bhojo (selaiyA AkhyAna, caMdrahAsAkhyAno, (10) giradhara (rAmAyaNa, azvamedha) vagere saMkhyAbaMdha kavioe AkhyAnakationI racanA karI che, paraMtu dayArAmanI jema teo dayArAmanAM AkhyAno 285

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paNa premAnaMda jeTalI zakti dAkhavI zakyA nathI. alabatta, emAM kAvyasvarUpa ke jamAnAnI maryAdA uparAMta kavinI potAnI pratibhAnI maryAdA paNa kAraNabhUta che. dayArAma puSTimArgIya kavi hatA. eTale zrImad bhAgavat emane prANathI paNa pyAro graMtha hato. pariNAme ene custapaNe vaLagI rahevAnI dhArmikatA emanAmAM hoya e svAbhAvika che. bhAgavatane anusarIne dayArAme je AkhyAnakRtionI racanA karI che tenA kathAvastumAM ekaMdare dayArAme khAsa koI pheraphAra karyo nathI. premAnaMda, bhAlaNa, nAkara vagere kavio potAnI AkhyAnakRtine rasika banAvavA mATe AkhyAnanA kathAvastumAM kyAreka potAnI maulika kalpanAnA sarjanarUpe navA prasaMgonuM umeraNa kare che ane kyAreka mULa kathAnA prasaMgomAM keTalAka pheraphAra kare che. kyAreka teo mULa paurANika graMthamAM na hoya paraMtu lokomAM pracalita hoya tevA prasaMgo paNa janazrutine AdhAre AkhyAnamAM umere che. paraMtu dayArAme khAsa noMdhapAtra gaNAya tevuM kazuM karyuM nathI. 'ajAmila AkhyAna'mAM banyuM che tema anya purANamAMthI ekAda prasaMga lIdho che. dayArAme jo kaMI paNa pheraphAra karyA hoya to kvacit prasaMganA kramamAM karyAM che ane jJAtinA keTalAka rItarivAjo pramANe bhAgavatanI kathAmAM evA rItiravAjonuM savigata nirUpaNa karyuM che. paraMtu ekaMdare to dayArAma bhAgavatane vaphAdAra rahevAmAM ja mAne che. alabatta, ene lIdhe kathAvastunI dRSTie dayArAmanAM AkhyAnomAM navInatA ke maulikatA khAsa jovA maLatI nathI. ethI ja kadAca dayArAmanAM AkhyAno emanA bhaktomAM jeTalAM lokapriya thavAM joIe teTalAM lokapriya thayAM nathI. kavi dayArAme zrImad bhAgavatane anusarIne je badhI AkhyAnakRtionI racanA karI che temAM vivAhanA prakAranI rukmiNI vivAha, satyabhAmAvivAha, nAgnajitIvivAha ane aSTapaTarANIvivAha) kRtionI racanA ane sImaMtanA prasaMganI kRtio rukmiNI sImaMta ane kuMvarabAInuM mAmeruM)nI racanA vizeSa karI che. dayArAma pote jIvanabhara avivAhita rahyA hatA. paraMtu emaNe vivAhanA prasaMganA vividha rItarivAjonuM emaNe jhINavaTapUrvaka avalokana karyuM che e nirvivAda che. emaNe potAnI AkhyAnakRtiomAM cAMdalAvidhi, kaMkotarI, pIThI coLavAnI vidhi, gotrajasthApanA, maMDapamuhUrta, grahazAMti, varaghoDo, vararAjAne poMkhavA, kanyAnI padharAmaNI, saptapadI, maMgalASTaka, hastameLApa, kaMsArabhojana, paherAmaNI vagere rItiravAjo uparAMta lagnaprasaMge thatA jamaNavAranI vividha vAnagIo tathA lagnaprasaMge strIoe dhAraNa karelAM vividha prakAranAM vastrAlaMkAronuM savigata varNana karyuM che. e varNana vAMcatAM dayArAmanI sUkSma avalokanazaktinI pratIti thAya che. paurANika pAtro ane prasaMgonA AlekhanamAM dayArAme potAnA samayanA ane ghaNuMkharuM 286 sAhityadarzana

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potAnI jJAtinA rivAja pramANe varNana karyuM che. e dRSTie dayArAmanI AkhyAnakRtiomAM tatkAlIna samAjajIvananuM citrAtmaka pratibiMba paDyuM che, jenI pratIti nIcenI thoDIka paMktio parathI paNa thaze : jozI teDAvyA zrI vasudevajI, lagna lIdhuM zubha sAra, lakhI svajana saravane kaMkotarI, teDAvyAM teNI vAra. mohoTo maMDapa racyo re sohAmaNo, vAjAM vAje apAra, maMgaLa gAna kare sarave mAnunI, thaI rahyo che theIthaikAra. varakanyAne pIThI coLAya che, gotraja devA pUjAya, vRddhAddha kIdhuM che vasudevejI, devakI harakha na mAya. koI eka kanyAnA mAtApitA thayAM, teNe dIdhuM kanyAdAna, hastameLApa thayo ne maMgaLa pherA kyAM, kIdhA sarva prakAra." "kAne kuDaLa zobhe vAru veLiyu, kesara aracA kIdhI che bhAle sAra; harine bAMhe bAjubaMdha berakhA re, caraNe nepUrano jhaNakAra varaghoDo dvArikezano, juo juo re gatanA loka, vaibhava vilezano. dayArAmanAM AkhyAnonI racanA pAchaLanA Azayano ane emanI viSayapasaMdagIno vicAra karatAM spaSTapratIti thAya che ke dayArAma prathama bhakta che ane pachI kavi, bhaktine nimitte je kaMI kavitA siddha thatI hoya te bhale thAya. ethI vizeSa emane koI apekSA paNa nathI. kavitAlekhanamAM paNa A AkhyAno pUrato vicAra karIe to dayArAma vastrAlaMkAra, bhojanasAmagrI, paherAmaNInI cIjavastuo, vidhividhAna ityAdi sthUla sAmagrInA varNanamAM jeTalA rAce che teTalA sUkSma manobhAvonA AlekhanamAM rAcatA nathI. AkhyAnaracanA pAchaLa emanuM lakSya paNa bahu UMcuM nathI. ethI ja emanuM uDDayana paNa ekaMdare nIcI sapATInuM rahyuM che. dayArAme saMkhyAnI dRSTie ThIka ThIka AkhyAnakRtio lakhI che topaNa AkhyAnakalAnI avanavI siddhi je premAnaMda, bhAlaNa vageremAM jovA maLe che te dayArAmanAM AkhyAnomAM jovA maLatI nathI. eTalA mATe ja AkhyAnasAhityanA itihAsamAM dayArAmanuM sthAna aitihAsika dRSTie jeTaluM mahattvanuM che teTaluM guNavattAnI dRSTie nathI. dayArAme jo phakta A AkhyAno ja lakhyAM hota ane AkhyAna sivAya bIjuM kazuM ja na lakhyuM hota to emane aitihAsika dRSTie ATaluM paNa mahattva kadAca sAMpaDyuM hota ke kema te prazna che. ( dayArAmanAM AkhyAno aMka 287

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15 alaMkAra koI mANasano eka hAtha TUMko hoya to tarata ApaNuM dhyAna kheMcAya che. mANasanA be hAtha sarakhA hoya che ane sarakhA jovAne ApaNe TevAyelA chIe. mAtra hAthanI laMbAI ja nahi, puSTatA, varNa, AMgaLIonI saMkhyA ane AkRtine vize paNa be hAtha vacce jarA sarakho pharaka hoya topaNa tarata te ApaNI najare caDe che. mANasanA mAtra be hAtha ja nahi, be AMkha, be kAna, be khabhA, be paga vageremAM paNa sarakhApaNuM raheluM che. mAtra mAnavAmAM ja nahi, pazupakSIomAM paNa keTalAMka aMgAMgonI samAnatA rahelI che. prakRtinA itara aneka padArthomAM paNa samAnatAnuM tattva puSkaLa dRSTigocara thAya che. bIjI bAju, be mANasanA caherA jo maLatA dekhAya to ApaNane navAI lAge che, be vyaktinA avAja paNa sarakhA hotA nathI. saMdhyA ke uSAnA koI eka divase joyelA raMgo pharI barAbara evA ja jovA maLatA nathI. prakRtinAM tattvomAM raMgAkRtinuM apAra vaividhya raheluM che. samagra saMsAra, A rIte, sAmyavaiSamyathI sabhara che. jagatamAM jeTaluM sAmyavaiSamya che eTaluM badhuM ja mANasa jANato nathI; jANI zake paNa nahi. jagatamAM aneka padArtho che ane pratyeka padArthanA aneka guNadharmo che. jagatamAM anaMta jIvo che ane pratyeka jIvanI nirALI gati che. gata satata parivartanazIla che ane manuSyanI grahaNazaktine sImAM che. ethI samaye samaye keTaluMka sAmyavaiSamya prathama vAra ja manuSyanI najare caDavAnuM. sUkSma nirIkSaNanI ane sateja kalAnAnI zakti dharAvatI vyaktio pAsethI, vizeSataH ciMtako ane pratibhAzALI kavi-lekhako pAsethI AvAM sAmyavaiSamyonAM abhinava udAharaNo vakhatovakhata ApaNane sAMpaDatAM 288 ka sAhityadarzana

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rahevAnAM. prakRtimAM prakAza, raMga ane AkRtinuM aneruM saMyojana jotAM manuSyanuM citta prasannatAthI UbharAya che. kevuM saMyojana hoya to badhAM mANasonAM mana harakhAya e pArakhavAnI enI zakti khIle che. enI sauMdaryadraSTi vikAsa pAme che. jema prakRtimAM tema jIvanamAM paNa bane che. bAhya padArtho vaDe potAnA gharane ke dehane suzobhita karavAnA, saguNo vaDe potAnA jIvanane maMDita karavAnA prayatno manuSyo kare che. emAM vaividhya ane nUtanatA ANavA mATe tenI sAmyavaiSamyane pArakhavAnI daSTi ane zakti kAma lAge che. bAhya jIvananI suMdaratA parathI kavitAne paNa rUpALI banAvavAno kImiyo kavione hAtha lAgyo. ghara ke dehane suMdara banAvanArAM suzobhanonI jema kAvyane paNa suzobhita banAvanArAM tattvo kavicitumAM uddabhavavA lAgyAM. nisarga ane jIvanamAM rahelA sauMdaryane abhinava rUpe pragaTa karavAmAM enI vANI asAdhAraNa rUpa dhAraNa karavA lAgI; enI vANI alaMkRta banavA lAgI. potAne jovA maLelA abhinava sAmya ke virodha ke abheda pratye bIjAnuM dhyAna kheMcavuM, prakRtinA jaDa ke cetana tattvamAM ekanAM lakSaNa, kriyA ke svabhAvanuM anyamAM AropaNa karavuM e manuSyanuM lakSaNa che. jyArathI potAnI jAtane vyakta karavA mATe vANInuM mAdhyama manuSyane maLyuM tyArathI e mAdhyamamAM rahelI apAra ane anekavidha zakti ane kSamatAno eNe samaye samaye vividha chayaothI upayoga karyo che. e chaTAomAM upamArUpakAdi alaMkAro prayojAvA lAgyA. kavitAno bhASAdehe janma thayo te pUrve manuSya alaMkArono upayoga karato Avyo che. upamAdi keTalAka alaMkAro lokonI vyavahAranI bhASAmAM Aje paNa eTalA rUDha thaI gayA hoya che ke pote alaMkAra prayoje che enuM temane ghaNI vAra bhAna paNa nathI hotuM. kyAreka potAnI cIjavastuonI ke vartana-vyavahArAdinI prazaMsA karavA mATe, kyAreka bIjAonI cIjavastuone ke vartana-vyavahArAdine utArI pADavA mATe, kyAreka bIjAo upara prabhAva pADavA mATe, kyAreka potAno gamo ke aNagamo tIvrapaNe vyakta karavA mATe mANaso sahaja rIte utkaTa vANI prayoje che temAM vividha alaMkAro zodhI zakAya che. bhASA zIkhavAnI jeNe haju zarUAta karI che evA bALakanI vANImAM paNa alaMkAranuM kyAreka darzana thAya che. mANasanI pRthakkaraNazIla vRttie vANImAM rahelA sauMdarya tattvane pAmavAno, pArakhavAno ane prakArAdimAM goThavavAno je prayAsa karyo che tene pariNAme "alaMkAranuM eka AkhuM zAstra racAyuM alaMkAra ja 289

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alaMkAra' zabdano artha Aje ApaNe anuprAsa-upamAdi kAvyazAstranA rUDha alaMkAro evo karIe chIe. vyavahAramAM alaMkAra' zabdano artha "AbhUSaNa evo thAya che. alaMkAra zabda manas + parathI (athavA ramu + 5 parathI) Avyo che. manameM 'pUrNa'. jenA vaDe pUrNatA sadhAya te alaMkAra, karnAyite rUdra ta naMThA: ! athavA naM%iyate nena ti altAra: | - e pramANe alaMkAra zabda vyutpanna karavAmAM Ave che. "alaMkAra' zabda ApaNane vedamAM vaparAyelo maLe che. tyAM 'alaMkAra eTale 'samartha karanArI vastu athavA "bhUSita karanArI vastu evo artha thAya che. "zatapatha brAhmaNa'mAM "bhUSita'nA arthamAM "alaMkRta' zabda vaparAyo che. A rIte pUrNatA ardhI vastune je suMdara banAve te alaMkAra, kAvyamAM jenA vaDe enuM sauMdarya pUrNa bane te alaMkAra evo eka artha alaMkArano karavAmAM Avyo. vAmana kahe che saundarya naMhAra: alaMkAra zabda A rIte saundaryanA vyApaka arthamAM vaparAyo che. kathanane suMdara ke AkarSaka banAvanAra tattva te camatkRti ke vaicitra che. mATe vaivicam satta: | athavA vamatkRtiratnajAra: | ema paNa kahevAyuM che. alaMkAra eka daSTie bhASAnI viziSTa bhaMgi paNa che. eTalA mATe alaMkRta bhASAthI vastu jeTalI suMdara rIte kahevAya te ja vastu sAdI bhASAthI nathI kahevAtI. artha eno e ja rahe chatAM sAdI bhASAmAM ane alaMkRta bhASAmAM keTalo pharaka che ke keTalAMka udAharaNothI spaSTa thAya che. baLada ghAsa khAya che ema kahevuM hoya to vartavarla tRtti muvena sA ema kahevAne badale yaM Dhi zivavAhiddo ritIvita vAti ema AlaMkArika bhASAmAM kahevAmAM vizeSa camatkRti sadhAya che. mANasa mUrkha che ema kahevA karatAM "sarasvatIdevIno prasAda ene cAkhavA maLyo nathI' ema kahevAmAM ukti vadhAre suMdara lAge che. sAdhAraNa, sAmAnya bhASA ane kavitvamaya bhASA kevI rIte judI paDe che te batAvavA mATe daDI be udAharaNa Ape che. paheluM udAharaNa juo : kanye kAmayamAnaM tvAM na tvaM kAmayase katham / iti grAmyo'yamarthAtmA vairasyAya prakalpate // (eka taruNa kanyAne pUche che, "he, kanyA ! huM tArI ATalI badhI IcchA karuM chuM ane tuM mArI IcchA kema jarA paNa karatI nathI ?" - AvA grAmya arthavALuM kathana to virasatA janmAve. daDI bIjuM udAharaNa Ape che : ra0 sAhityadarzana

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kAmaM kaMdarpacANDAlo mAyi vAmAkSi nirdayaH / tvayi nirmatsaro viSTayetyagrAmyo'rtho rasAvahaH // (ahIM eka yuvAna kanyAne kahe che) "he vAmAkSI, A duSTa kAmadeva mArI sAthe nirdayapaNe bhale vyavahAra kare, paraMtu e haju tAro dveSa karato nathI e sadbhAgyanI vAta che." - Avo agrAmya artha ja rasAvaha bane. 1 ahIM baMne udAharaNomAM baMne yuvakono bolavAno artha eka ja che, paraMtu baMnenI vANImAM keTalo pharaka che te joI zakAya che. ekanI vANI grAmya lAge che ane bIjAnI vANI agrAmya lAge che. ThaMDI kahe che ke AthI badhA ja prakAranA alaMkAra arthane rasayukta kare che ane arthanI rasayuktatAno moTo AdhAra vANInI agrAmyatA upara rahelo che. mATe te kahe cheH kAmaM sarvo'pyalaMkAro rasamarthe nirSicati / tathApyagrAmyataivainaM bhAraM vahati bhUyasA // bIjI bAju arthanI kazI camatkRti vinA kRtrima rIte yojelI bhASAmAM alaMkAra Avato nathI. rudraTanA samaya sudhI eTale ke lagabhaga I. sa. 850 sudhI alaMkAra' zabda A vyApaka arthamAM vizeSa vaparAto hato. eTalA mATe AlaMkArika' zabda A vyApaka arthamAM ApaNe vAparIe chIe. bhAmaha, udbhaTa, vAmana ane rudraTa vagere chaTThAthI AThamA saikA sudhInA AlaMkArikoe potAnA graMthanuM nAma paNa 'kAvyAlaMkAra' evuM ApyuM che. daDIe potAnA graMthanuM nAma 'kAvyAdarza' rAkhyuM che. paraMtu 'alaMkAra' eTale sauMdarya' ke zobhA' evo vyApaka artha thAya che enI tene khabara hatI, mATe ja 'kAvyAdarza'mAM e kahe che : kAvyazobhAkarAn dharmAn alaMkArAn pracakSate / prAcIna samayamAM rasa, rIti, guNa, vakrokti ityAdino aMtarbhAva paNa 'alaMkAra' zabdamAM ja thato hato. ethI ja A AlaMkArikonA graMthanuM nAma 'kAvyAlaMkAra' hovA chatAM emAM temaNe rasa, rIti, kAvyanyAya, zabdazuddhi ityAdi viSayonI carcAvicAraNA paNa karI che. alaMkAranA svarUpa ane prakAranI carcA sau prathama ApaNane bharatamuninA 'nATyazAstra'mAM jovA maLe che. nATyazAstranI racanA I. sa. pUrve 200thI I. sa. 200nA gALAmAM thayelI manAya che. Ama lagabhaga be hajAra varSa pUrve alaMkAranA svarUpa ane prakAranI savigata vicAraNA thayelI ApaNane likhita rUpamAM maLe che. nATyazAstramAM bharatamunie karelI dareka viSayanI carcAvicAraNA, emaNe ja pahelI vAra karI ane te pUrve tevI koI carcAvicAraNA thaI na hatI evuM nathI. paraMtu te ahaMkAra * 291

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pUrve AvI carcAnA koI graMtha lakhAyA hoya to te upalabdha nathI. saMbhava che ke bharatamuninI pUrve paNa alaMkAranA svarUpa ane prakAranI vicAraNA thaI hoya. alaMkAra' zabda bharatamunie sauMdaryanA vyApaka arthamAM nATyazAstramAM prayojyo che. alaMkAra eTale nATakanI bhASAne opa ApavAnI yukti ema emaNe kahyuM che. ethI emaNe je dvArA nATakanuM sauMdarya pUrNa rIte sadhAya tevA nATakanA alaMkAro paNa batAvyA che. nepathyAlaMkAra, sattvAlaMkAra, pAkyAlaMkara, varNAlaMkAra, kAvyAlaMkAra, prayogAlaMkAra e badhA nATyAlaMkAro dvArA nATakanuM lekhana ane enI bhajavaNI suMdara banI zake. vAcika abhinayanA saMdarbhamAM kAvyAlaMkAronI vicAraNA nATyazAstramAM karavAmAM AvI che. bharatamuni kahe che ke kAvya doSothI mukta hovuM joIe; guNothI yukta hovuM joIe; alaMkArothI maMDita hovuM joIe ane lakSaNothI yukta hovuM joIe. tyAM emaNe dasa doSa, dasa guNa, cAra alaMkAra ane chatrIsa lakSaNono nirdeza karyo che: Ama, spaSTa rIte bharatamunie cAra alaMkAro ane chatrIsa kAvyalakSaNo gaNAvyAM che, paraMtu alaMkAro ane kAvyalakSaNo kyAM ane kevI rIte judAM paDe te spaSTa rIte batAvyuM nathI. emaNe lakSaNonuM svarUpa oLakhAvyuM che, paraMtu lakSaNonI vyAkhyA bAMdhI nathI. bharatamunie "nATyazAstramAM yamaka, upamA, rUpaka ane dIpaka ema cAra alaMkAro gaNAvyA che. e cAramAMthI vAskanA "nirukta"mAM phakta upamA alaMkArono ullekha che. "niruktamAM rUpakano ullekha nathI, paNa emAM luptopamAno je prakAra batAvyo che tene rUpaka gaNI zakAya. pANininA "aSTAdhyAyI'mAM, kAtyAyananI vRttimAM ane zAMtanavanA TTisUtra temaja pataMjalinA mahAbhASyamAM "upamAna', "upameya' vagerenA saMbaMdhonA viSayanI carcA jovA maLe che. paraMtu temAM rUpakano spaSTa ane svataMtra nirdeza maLato nathI. upamAnI sAthe rUpakano spaSTa nirdeza bAdarAyaNanA vedAntasUtramAM jovA maLe che. Ama, nirukta ane vedAMtasUtramAM upamA ane rUpaka e be alaMkAronA svarUpanAM bIja jovA maLe che. temAM paNa upamA' vize vicAraNA vadhAre vigate jovA maLe che. vAske upamAnA bhUtopamA, rUpopamAM, siddhopamAM, luptapamAM, arthopamAM evA prakArono ullekha karyo che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa temaNe gArzvanAM upamAlakSaNono paNa nirdeza karyo che. gArDe kahyuM che ke jyAre be bhinna bhinna vastunI koI paNa eka jAtIya guNa dvArA sarakhAmaNI karavAmAM Ave tyAre te upamA kahevAya. A rIte upamAnI sauthI pahelI vyAkhyA gAA pAsethI ApaNane maLe che. 292 sAhityadarzana

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upamA ane rUpakano nirdeza ATalo prAcIna che, paraMtu teno upayoga to ethI paNa prAcIna che. yamaka, upamA, rUpaka, uakSA ityAdi alaMkArono upayoga thayelo TheTha Rgyeda ane upaniSadomAM ApaNane jovA maLe che. RgyedasaMhitAnI RcAomAM, stotromAM, prakRtinAM varNanomAM zabdAlaMkAra ane arthAlaMkAra prayoga thayelA jovA maLe che. RgyedasaMhitAnA 8mA maMDalamAM yamaka zabdAlaMkAra jovA maLe che, jema ke : devaM devaM vo'vase devamabhiMSTaye / devaM devaM huvema vAjasAtaye guNanto devyA dhiyA / enA chaThThA maMDaLamAMthI bIjo eka zloka juo : vakSyantIvedA ganIganti karNa priyaM sakhAyaM pariSasvajAnA / yoSave ziGkte vitatAdhidhanva jyA iyaM samane pArayantI // dhinuSya upara caDAvavAmAM AvelI ane saMgrAmamAM vijaya apAvanArI A dorI jANe yoddhAnA kAnamAM kAMI priya kahevA magAtI hoya tema tenA kAna pAse Ave che ane potAnA priya mitra bANane AliMgana karIne madhura avAja kare che.] ahIM ubhekSA ane upamA ema be alaMkAra jovA maLe che. bRhad AraNayakopaniSadamAM kahyuM che : tadyathA priyayA striyA saMparipvakta na bAhyaM kiMcana veda nAntaramevamevAyaM puruSa: prAjJenAtmanA saMpariSvakto na bAhyaM kiMcana veda nAntaram / tei A pramANe che : jevI rIte potAnI priya strI vaDe AliMgana karAyelo puruSa bahAranuM temaja aMdaranuM kazuM jANato nathI, tevI rIte paramAtmA sAthe joDAyelo jIvAtmA bahAranuM temaja aMdaranuM kazuM jANato nathI.] jIvAtmA paramAtmA sAthe joDAya che te avasthAnuM varNana ahIM kevI manohara upamA vaDe karavAmAM AvyuM che! Rgvada, upaniSado, brAhmaNo ItyAdi graMthonA samaya pachI, rAmAyaNa ane mahAbhArata e mahAkAvyomAM to vividha alaMkAronAM saMkhyAbaMdha udAharaNo jovA maLe che. tyAra pachInA kALamAM kAlidAsAdi kavionAM mahAkAvyomAM to avanavA camatkRtibharelA aneka alaMkAro joI zakAya che. bharatamuninA nATyazAstra pachI alaMkAranAM svarUpa ane prakAronI vigate carcA ApaNane bhAmahanA "kAvyAlaMkAra' graMthamAM jovA maLe che. bhAmaha lagabhaga cALIsa jeTalA alaMkAro gaNAve che, paraMtu lakSaNa eka paNa gaNAvato nathI. bhAmahano samaya I. sa. 600thI 750no gaNAya che. bharatamunithI bhAmaha alaMkAra : 293

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sudhInA lagabhaga chasothI AThaso varSanA gALAmAM lakhAyelA, nATyazAstra ke kAvyazAstranA koI graMtho ApaNane upalabdha nathI. paraMtu e samayAvadhimAM bharatamunie gaNAvelAM kAvyalakSaNonuM bhAva, alaMkAra ItyAdimAM rUpAMtara thatuM dekhAya che. bhAmahano samakAlIna daphaDI "kAvyAdarzamAM kahe che: "bIjAM zAstromAM je je saMdhi-aMgo, vRttiaMgo, lakSaNo varNavelAM che te paNa amane alaMkAra tarIke mAnya yazca saMdhyaMgavRttyaMga lakSaNAnyAgamAntare / vyAvarNitamidaM ceSTamalaMkAratayaiva naH // bhAmaha alaMkArane ja kAvyanA prANabhUta tattva tarIke oLakhAve che. bhAmahanA matAnusAra alaMkAra e ja kAvyanuM vaizisya che. (bhAmahe potAnA "kAvyAlaMkAramAM rasanI nahi jevI ja chaNAvaTa karI che.) bhAmaha kahe che ke zabda ane arthanI vakratA e vANInI alaMkRti che : vakrAmidheyazabdoktiriSTA vAcAmalaMkRtiH / bhAmaha kahe che saiva sarvatra vaRvita: I kAvyanI bhASAne alaMkRta karavA mATe vakratAnI-vaicitryanI AvazyakatA che. e vinA alaMkAra banI na zake. atizayanA tattva para bhAra mUkatAM AnaMdavardhana kahe che ke kavipratibhAne lIdhe je alaMkAramAM atizaya Ave che te ja alaMkAra utkRSTa che, bAkInA alaMkAro to nAmamAtrathI alaMkAro che. vAmananA mata pramANe sauMdarya e ja kAvyano prANabhUta alaMkAra che. kAvyAlaMkArasUtravRttimAM te kahe che vyi prAdhimatteja{[ ! saundaryakartA: guNa, alaMkAra vagere kAvyazobhAnAM upAdAno che. temAM paNa guNa kAvyazobhAno kAraka hetu che ane alaMkAra te zobhAmAM vadhAro karanAra che: kAvyazobhAyA kartAro guNAH / tadatizayahetavaH alaMkArAH / AthI guNo te kAvyanA nityadharma che. alaMkAro kAvyanA nityadharma nathI. guNa ane alaMkAro vacceno bheda darzAvavA vAmana yuvatInuM udAharaNa Ape che. te kahe che, jo yuvatInuM rUpa mULathI ja zuddha guNothI yukta hoya to te alaMkAravihIna avasthAmAM paNa suMdara lAge che. temAM tene alaMkArano paNa yoga prApta thAya to te rUpa adhika khIlI UThe che. paraMtu yuvatInuM rUpa lAvaNyavihIna hoya to tenA para game teTalA alaMkAro caDhAvIe topaNa te suMdara lAgatI nathI. tevI rIte zuddha guNayukta kAvya rasikone AnaMda Ape che. temAM vaLI alaMkArono yoga hoya to te kAvya khIle che. paraMtu guNa vinAnA kAvyamAM game teTalA alaMkAro hoya topaNa te rasikajanane AnaMda ApI zakatuM nathI." 294 sAhityadarzana

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bharatamuninA nATyazAstramAM chatrIsa kAvyalakSaNo gaNAvavAmAM AvyAM che. joke temAM upajAti chaMdamAM gaNAvelI yAdI karatAM anuSupa chaMdamAM gaNAvelI yAdImAM lakSaNonAM nAmomAM keTaloka pharaka che) e lakSaNomAM (1) vibhUSaNa, (2) akSarasaMghAta, (3) zobhA, (4) abhimAna, (5) guNasaMkIrtana, (6) protsAhana, (7) manoratha, (8) atizaya, (9) siddhi, (10) mithyAdhyavasAya vagere lakSaNo che. A lakSaNo vize abhinavagupta "abhinavabhAratI'mAM potAnA guru bhaTTa tautano abhiprAya saMke che ke, lakSaNonA yogathI alaMkAronuM vaicitrya sadhAya che." udAharaNa tarIke guNAnuvAda lakSaNa sAthe upamAno yoga thatAM prazaMsopamAM thAya che; atizaya nAmanA lakSaNa sAthe saMbaMdha thatAM atizayokti alaMkAra thAya che; manoratha nAmanA lakSaNa sAthe yoga thatAM aprastutaprazaMsA thAya che; mithyAdhvasAya nAmanA lakSaNa sAthe yoga thatAM apahunuti thAya che; siddhi nAmanA lakSaNa sAthe yoga thatAM tulyayogitA thAya che. lakSaNo ane alaMkAronI anyatra thayelI carcAomAM jovA maLe che te pramANe nirukta nAmanA lakSaNamAM arthAntaravAsanuM, saMdeha lakSaNamAM sasaMdehanuM, athapattimAM aprastutaprazaMsAnuM, priyavacanamAM preyasanuM, mAlAmAM mAlAnuM, prAptimAM kAvyaliMganuM, nidarzanamAM nidarzanAnuM, prasiddhimAM ugharanuM, padoccayamAM samuccayanuM, dentamAM dRSTAnta alaMkAranuM bIja joI zakAya che. kyAreka be lakSaNa maLIne eka alaMkAra paNa thAya che, jemake guNAtipAta ane gaheNA maLIne vyAjastuti alaMkAra thAya che; manoratha ane pratiSedha maLIne AkSepa thAya che. bhaTTa tauta kahe che ke A ja pramANe bIjA alaMkAronA bIja paNa lakSaNomAM zodhI zakAya. lakSaNonuM alaMkAromAM krame krame kevuM rUpAntara thatuM gayuM haze te bhaTTa tautanA A abhiprAya parathI joI zakAze. lakSaNanA yogane lIdhe ja kAvyamAM alaMkArone sthAna che. tema na hoya to mAtra sAdazya, virodha, abheda ItyAdino laukika vyavahAra ja banI jAya che. eTalA mATe abhinavagupta kahe che ke navi viya: I ene ApaNe upamA alaMkAra nathI kahetA ane sthANurvA puruSo vAene ApaNe sasaMdeha alaMkAra nathI kahetA, kAraNa ke tyAM mAtra laukika saMbaMdha ja vyakta thayo che. alaMkAronA zabdAlaMkAra ane arthAlaMkAra evA be mukhya prakAra bharatamuninA samayamAM joI zakAya che. zabdAlaMkAra ane arthAlaMkArano bheda bharate zabdamAM spaSTa darzAvyo nathI. paraMtu yamaka e zabdaracanA che ema kahyuM che. ethI bhedanuM sUcana karyuM ja che ema kahI zakAya. bhAmaha paNa e ja pramANe be mukhya prakAra svIkAre che. kahe che ke zatru pidheyavArtA mAviSTa karyA tu : | A be prakAranA alaMkAra alakara : 295

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uparAMta ubhayAlaMkAra' nAmano trIjo prakAra paNa umerAyo, jema ke zleSa alaMkAra te zabdAlaMkAra paNa hoI zake ane arthAlaMkAra paNa hoI zake. bhoje upamA, rUpaka, arthAntaranyAsa ane apahunutino paNa ubhayAlaMkAramAM samAveza karyo che. kayA alaMkArane zabdAlaMkAra gaNavo ane kayA alaMkArane arthAlaMkAra gaNavo ? je alaMkAra zabdane Azraye yojAyo hoya te zabdAlaMkAra bane; je alaMkAra arthane Azraye yojAyo hoya te arthAlaMkAra bane che. Ama Azraya-AzrayI-bhAvanI kasoTI zabdAlaMkAra ane arthAlaMkAra vacceno bheda samajavA mATe apanAvavAmAM AvI paraMtu mammaTe eno asvIkAra karyo ane anvaya, vyatireka ane paryAyanI kasoTI sUcavI. eTale ke jemAM alaMkAra prayojAyo hoya temAM amuka zabdano paryAya vAparavAthI te alaMkAra maTI jato hoya to te zabdAlaMkAra kahevAya ane paryAya vAparavA chatAM paNa te alaMkAra raheto hoya to te arthAlaMkAra kahevAya. Ama, mammaTe darzAvyA pramANe paryAyaparivRttisahatva hoya to arthAlaMkAra gaNAya. mammaTe alaMkAranA prAthamika vargIkaraNa mATe sUcavelI A kasoTI vadhu svIkArya banI che. - yamaka ane upamA e be mULa alaMkAro che. temAM eka zabdAlaMkAra che ane bIjo arthAlaMkAra che. zabdAlaMkArano vikAsa bahu na thayo; thaI paNa na zake, zabda karatAM arthamAM zakti ghaNI vadhAre rahelI hoya che. eTale arthAlaMkArono vikAsa ghaNo vadhAre thAya e svAbhAvika che. zabdAlaMkAramAM zabdonuM cAturya hoya che. eno upayoga karanAra judA judAM varNonI ke amuka varNavALA zabdonI goThavaNa evI rIte kare che ke jethI emAMthI karNane priya lAge evuM uccAraNa thatuM hoya che. kAvyamAM kavi jyAre e alaMkAranI racanA kare che tyAre temAMthI AhlAdaka zabdasaMgIta pragaTa thAya che. e zabdasaMgIta jyAre arthane anukULa banI pragaTe che tyAre te kAvyamAM savizeSa camatkRti sAdhe che, je bhAvakanA hRdayane sparzI jAya che. paraMtu zabdasaMgIta jyAre arthane anukULa nathI hotuM tyAre tenuM mUlya eTaluM aMkAtuM nathI. mAtra bAhya zobhA mATe sabhAnapaNe prayojAyelA zabdAlaMkAranuM moTAmAM moTuM bhayasthAna e che ke te kRtrimatAmAM sarI paDe che ane e sauMdarya ucca adhikArI bhAvakavargane AkarSI zakatuM nathI. eTalA mATe ApaNA alaMkArazAstramAM zabdAlaMkArane bahu mahattva ApavAmAM AvyuM nathI. kevaLa zabdAlaMkAravALI kAvyaracanAone AlaMkArikoe adhama prakAranI gaNAvI che. zabdAlaMkAra jyAM rasa ke dhvaninI pratItimAM vighnakartA hoya che tyAM te kavitAnuM uccatara sauMdarya pragaTa karavAmAM bAdhArUpa nIvaDe che ane mATe tyAM te niSiddha manAya 296 ja sAhityadarzana

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alaMkAronuM vibhAjana karatAM bhoja potAnA 'zRMgAprakAza'mAM traNa mukhya praskaro darzAve che : bAhya, AtyaMtara ane bAhyAbhyAntara. 1. zabdanA alaMkAro te bAhya alaMkAro che. tenI sarakhAmaNI vastra, mALA ane anya AbhUSaNo sAthe karI zakAya. 2. arthanA alaMkAro te AvyaMtara alaMkAro che. enI sarakhAmaNI te daMtazodhana, nakhacchedana, kezaprasAdhana vagere sAthe karI zakAya. 3. zabdArthanA alaMkAro te bAhyAbhyAntara alaMkAro. enI sarakhAmaNI snAna, vilepana vagere sAthe te kare che. bhojanuM A vargIkaraNa prAthamika ane sthUla prakAranuM che. arthAlaMkAramAM jUnAmAM jUno ahaMkAra te upamA. upamAmAM rahelA sAdRzyanA tattvanA vividha prayogo thayA ane emAMthI sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAro vikasyA che. zAstrakAra ane kavinI jagatane jovAnI dRSTimAM phera hoya che. eTalA mATe rAjazekhara zAstranA viSayavarNanane svarUpanibaMdhana' kahe che ane kavie kAvyamAM karelA viSayavarNanone pratibhAsanibaMdhana' kahe che, kAraNa ke temAM kalpanAnuM tattva raheluM che. A klpanAnA tattvathI ja kavi ekanA eka viSayane bhinnabhinna dRSTithI jue che. pratibhAsa eTale pratIti. e pratItinuM jeTaluM vaividhya teTaluM alaMkAronuM vaividhya. eka sAdRzyanI pratItimAMthI ja keTalA badhA alaMkAro vikasyA ! be bhinnabhinna padArthomAM kevaLa sAdazyanI pratIti thAya to upamA alaMkAra; sAdRzyanI abhedapratIti thAya to rUpaka alaMkAra; tAdAtmyapratIti thAya to atizayokti alaMkAra; sAdRzyanI anyathApratIti thAya to apanruti alaMkAra; ane sAdRzyanI saMdehapratIti thAya to sasaMdeha alaMkAra thAya. e ja pramANe utprekSA, upameyopamA, pratIpa, ananvaya tulyayogitA, dIpaka, vyatireka, dRSTAnta, prativastUpamA, nidarzanA, aprastutaprazaMsA, samAsokti, pariNAma, smaraNa, ullekha vagere alaMkAro sAdRzyapratItinA vaividhyamAMthI janmyA che. pratItinA AvA vaividhyane koI maryAdA nathI hotI ane ethI alaMkAronI sRSTi amaryAdita che ema zAstrakAroe kahyuM che. AnaMdavardhana kahe che ke priyAnA vibhramane ane suvinI vANInA arthane koI ja maryAdA hotI nathI. AnaMdavardhane dhvanyabhAvavAdInuM vacana dhvanyAlokamAM TAMkyuM cheTu sahasrazo hi mahAtmabhiranyairalaMkAraprakAzaH prakAzitAH prakAzyante ca / alaMkAronuM paddhatisaranuM vargIkaraNa bhAmaha karatAM rudraTe vizeSa karyuM che. eNe alaMkAranA vAstavamaaupanthatizaya: zleSa: evA cAra prakAra gaNAvyA che. alaMkAronA vargIka2NamAM uttarakAlIna AlaMkArikoe vadhu ane vadhu bhedaprameda batAvavAnuM valaNa rAkhyuM. sAdRzya ane virodha e be tattvo uparAMta zRMkhalAbaMdha, tarkanyAya, kAvyanyAya. lokanyAya, gUDhArthapratIti vagerenA AdhAre paNa alaMkAronuM vargIkaraNa thayuM che. A ahaMkAra * 297

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vargIkaraNa karavAmAM paNa keTalAka AlaMkArikomAM jANe zakya teTalA vadhumAM vadhu bhedaprabhedo darzAvavAnuM valaNa dekhAya che. upamAnA 33 prakAra, uakSAnA 3ra prakAra ane vyatirekanA 48 prakAra sudhI AlaMkAriko pahoMcyA che. ema karavAmAM emaNe vyAkaraNano paNa AdhAra lIdho che. alaMkAranA keTalAka prakAro to emaNe mAtra vyAkaraNanA niyamane lakSamAM rAkhIne ja darzAvyA che. bhAmahathI zarU karIne TheTha bAramA saikA sudhI AlaMkAriko zabdArthamAM rahelA vividha prakAranA vaicitryane ane enA judA judA dharmone zodhI zodhIne alaMkAronA navA navA bhedo pADatA gayA ane enuM sUkSma vivecana karatA gayA. e rIte alaMkAronI saMkhyA vadhatI gaI. alaMkAronA bheda-prabhedo udAharaNa sAthe samajAvavA mATe potAnA kAvyazAstranA graMthamAM khAsa alaga adhyAya, ullAsa ke prakaraNanI jogavAI paNa teo karavA lAgyA. samaya jatAM "alaMkArasarvasva', "caMdrAloka' ane kuvalayAnaMda' jevA graMtho to phakta alaMkAro samajAvavA mATe ja lakhAyA. bhAmaha, daDI, vAmana, udbhaTa ane rudraTe trIsathI cALIsa jeTalA alaMkAro gaNAvyA che. paraMtu tyAra pachI mammaTe 61, rudhyake 75, jayadeve "caMdrAlokamAM 100 ane appaya dikSite kuvalayAnaMdamAM 124 jeTalA alaMkAro gaNAvyA che. mammaTe to kAvyanI vyAkhyA bAMdhatI vakhate temAM paNa alaMkAranA tattvano nirdeza karyo che. I.sa.nA bAramA saikAmAM hemacandrAcArye potAnA "kAvyAnuzAsana' graMthamAM purogAmI samartha AlaMkArikono AdhAra laIne alaMkAra vize samartha carcA karI che. emaNe teonI durbodhatA dUra karI ane emanI vargIkaraNapriyatAne sthagita karI eTaluM ja nahi paNa ene nyUna karavAno prayatna paNa karyo. eTalA mATe emaNe alaMkAronI saMkhyA 124 uparathI ghaTADIne 30 upara ANI. - sAdhAraNa manuSyo temaja kavio potAnI vANIne alaMkArono opa Ape che. potAnA vaktavyane sarasa, sacoTa, chaTAdAra rIte rajU karavA mATe alaMkArono Azraya levAya che. ApaNI kahevato ane ApaNA rUDhaprayogomAM keTalIka vakhata alaMkAranuM baLa hoya che. paraMtu zuM alaMkArarahita bhASA paNa sacoTa na hoI zake? vastutaH bhASAnI viziSTa bhaMgi ke chaTA alaMkAra vinA paNa saMbhavI zake. abhivyaktinuM sauMdarya vakrokti, guNa, lakSaNa, vyaMjanA vagere para nirbhara hoya ane chatAM tyAM koI paNa rUDha alaMkAra daSTigocara na thAya ema banI zake. eTale alaMkAra kAvyane mATe upakAraka che, paraMtu anivArya nathI ema samajavuM joIe. ramaNInuM mukha jema AbhUSaNa vagara zobhatuM nathI tema kAvya paNa alaMkArarahita hoya to zobhe nahi ema bhAmahe kahyuM che, paraMtu uttama naisargika virala sauMdaryane alaMkAronI 298 sAhityadarzana

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AvazyakatA rahetI nathI. mammaTe kAvyanI vyAkhyA bAMdhatAM temAM sphaTa nahi to aphuTa alaMkAranI AvazyakatA darzAvI che, paraMtu eNe kahyuM che ke aMte to zabda ane artha vaDe alaMkAre kAvyanA AtmA evA rasane ja upakAraka banavAnuM che. te kahe che ke zarIra para hAra vagere alaMkAronuM jevuM sthAna che tevuM sthAna anuprAsa, upamA vagere alaMkAronuM kAvyamAM che. uparkuvanti taM santaM ye'GgadvAreNa jAtucit / hArAdivavadalaMkArAsne'nuprAsopamAdayaH // mammaTa pahelAM AnaMdavardhane alaMkArane kaTaka-kuMDala jevA gaNAvyA che. emane anusarI vizvanAthe paNa alaMkArone kaTaka-kuMDala tarIke oLakhAvyA che. abhinavagupta kAvyamAM suzliSTa rIte yojAyelA alaMkArane kaMkamapItikA (kumakumanA cAMllA) tarIke oLakhAve che. ubhaTa kahe che ke hArAdi alaMkAro mANasamAM yoga saMbaMdha rahelA hoya che ane zaurya vagere guNo samavAya saMbaMdha rahelA hoya che. paraMtu kAvyamAM ojasa vagere guNo ane upamA vagere alaMkAro baMne samavAya saMbaMdha rahelA hoya che. eTale ke kAvyamAM alaMkAra AgaMtuka na lAgavo joIe, paraMtu temAM ekarUpa banI gayo hovo joIe. eTalA mATe kAvyapuruSa sAlaMkAra janme che ema kahevAya che. uttama kAvyamAM kavi alaMkArone pAchaLathI umerato nathI, paraMtu alaMkAro enI vANImAM sahaja rIte vaNAI gayelA hoya che. enI vANI sAlaMkAra uddabhave che ane vahevA lAge che. alabatta, kAvyamAM kaMI sattva na hoya ane chatAM temAM manohara alaMkAra saMbhavI zake che, paraMtu evA alaMkArathI kAvya caDiyAtuM banatuM nathI. rasa ke bhAvane ucita evo alaMkAra na hoya to te UlaTAno doSarUpa che ane kAvyane hAni pahoMcADe che. yamakAdi zabdAlaMkAromAM kyAreka kavine sabhAna prayatna karavo paDe che. vaLI e alaMkAro paNa tarata judI najare paDe evA phuTa hoya che. eTalA mATe AnaMdavardhana kahe che ke rasAnubhavamAM vikSepakara nIvaDe evA zabdAlaMkAro uttama kAvyamAM bahu ISTa nathI. alaMkAra vize AnaMdavardhana dhvanyAlokamAM kahe che. rasAkSiptatayA yasya bandhaH zakyakriyo bhavet / apRthagyatnanirvartya so'laMkAro dhvanau mata: // rasathI AkSipta thato hovAne lIdhe je alaMkArano baMdha zakya thAya ane judA prayatna vinA thaI zake te alaMkAra dhvanikAvyamAM arthAt uttama kAvyamAM ISTa che. vaLI, AnaMdavardhana kahe che : sarvALi nirUpyAdurghaTanA isakSamAhitavetana: alaMkAra 299

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pratimAnavata: sve: paraMpUrvajayA ripatti ! vicAratAM durghaTa lAge tevA alaMkAro, rasamAM ekAgra cittavALA pratibhAzALI kavinI pAse uparAuparI AvI zake che. Ama, AnaMdavardhananA mate alaMkAra rasane anurUpa ane rasanA dhvanimAM upakAraka hovo joIe. vaLI tenI racanA karavAmAM kavine judo prayatna na karavo paDe evo hovo joIe. alaMkAro vize AnaMdavardhana dhvanyAlokomAM anya eka sthaLe kahe che : vivakSA tatparatvena nAGigatvena kadAcana / kAle ca grahaNasyAgau nAtinirvahaNaiSitA / niyUMDhAvapi cAGgatvaM yatnena pratyavekSaNam / rUpakAderalaMkAravargasyAGgatvasAdhanam // rasadhvanimAM alaMkAra kevo hovo joIe te samajAvatAM AnaMdavardhana kahe che ke alaMkAro kAvyamAM rasane bAdhA thAya nahi te rIte aMgarUpa hovA joIe, aMgIrUpe eTale ke AtmArUpe nahi, arthAt kAvyamAM alaMkAranuM nahi paNa rasanuM ja prAdhAnya hovuM joIe. kavitAmAM jyAM Avazyaka hoya tyAM ja alaMkAra hovo joIe. game tyAM alaMkAra na prayojAvo joIe. vaLI, kAvyamAM alaMkAro puSkaLa na prayojAvA joIe. arthAt alaMkAronuM atinirvahaNa na thavuM joIe. aucityavicAracarcAmAM kSemendra kahe che : kaNThe mekhalayA nitambaphalake tAreNa hAreNa vA / pANau nUpurabandhanena caraNe keyUrapAzena vA / zauryeNa praNate ripau karuNayA nAyAntike hAsyatA maucityena vinA ratiM pratanute nAlaMkatirno guNAH // mekhalA ane hAra e be alaMkAro che. tevI rIte zaurya ane karuNA e baMne guNo che. paraMtu alaMkAra ke guNa enA sthAne ja zobhe. mekhalA kaMThamAM paherIe ane hAra kamaramAM paherIe to hAMsI thavA vinA rahe kharI? tevI rIte zaraNAgata pratye zaurya darzAvIe ane zatru pratye karuNA darzAvIe to hAMsIpAtra thaIe. arthAt aucitya na hoya to guNa ane alaMkAra zobhe nahi. abhinavagupta kahe che ke puSTatvano guNa yuvatInA stanamAM hoya to zobhe ane kaTimAM hoya to doSarUpa banI jAya che. tevI rIte alaMkAra paNa yogya sthAne hoya to ja zobhe che. Ama, alaMkArano jo aucityapUrvaka upayoga karavAmAM Ave to te kavinA bhAvane sauMdarya arpe che ane enI bhASAne camatkRtiyukta banAve che. ahIM eka prazna thaze ke zuM alaMkAra kyAreka kAvyano AtmA na banI zake ? 0 ka sAhityadarzana

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abhinavagukhe kahyuM che ke alaMkAra paNa kyAreka kAvyano AtmA banI zake, jyAre kAvya alaMkAradhvaninA prakAranuM hoya. eTale ke jyAre alaMkAra mAtra vyaMgya hoya tyAre tene kAvyanA AtmA tarIke gaNI zakAya. alabatta, ema banavuM virala che. potAnA A kathanane samajAvatAM abhinavagupta kahe che ke jema bALako ramatAM hoya tyAre koIka bALaka amuka samaya mATe rAjAno pATha bhajavatI vakhate rAjAnI mahattA prApta kare che tevI rIte alaMkAra jyAre vyaMgya hoya tyAre kAvyanA AtmAnuM sthAna le che. paraMtu tevuM javalle ja banatuM hoya che. svarUpa, prakAra ane kAvyamAM sthAnanI daSTie alaMkAramAM apAra vaividhya raheluM che. kyAreka te aMgarUpa hoya che, to kyAreka te aMgInA sthAna sudhI pahoMcI zake che. satata parivartanazIla jIvana ane prakRtimAM sAmya, vaiSamya ane abheda dvArA niSpanna thatuM sauMdarya anaMtarAzi che. mATe alaMkArano khajAno kyAreya khAlI thavAno nathI. alakara ka 301

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16 kAvyaprayojana manuSyanI tamAma pravRtti pAchaLa kaMIka ne kaMIka prayojana raheluM ja hoya che. keTalIka vAra e prayojana anya mANasone paNa spaSTa dekhAI Ave evuM hoya che. to keTalIka vAra mAtra e pravRttinA karanArane ja enI khabara hoya che, keTalIka vAra prayojana sAkSAt hoya che, to keTalIka vAra paraMparA hoya che, keTalIka vAra prayojana sthULa hoya che, to keTalIka vAra sUkSma hoya che, keTalIka vAra mANasa potAnI pravRttinA prayojanano spaSTa svIkAra kare che, to keTalIka vAra ene prayojananI kaMI khabara paNa hotI nathI. duniyAnI lagabhaga tamAma vyavahAru pravRtti pAchaLa enA kartAnuM kaMIka ne kaMIka prayojana raheluM hoya che. prayonimadira na maMDapa pravartata | maMdabuddhivALo mANasa paNa prayojana vinA pravartamAna thato nathI ema kahevAya che. to pachI je jAte saMvedanazIla che, ane je potAnI sarjanakalA sahRdaya bhAvaka samakSa mUkavA mAge che evA sarjakanI sarjanapravRtti pAchaLa kaMI paNa prayojana hoya nahi e saMbhavI ja kevI rIte zake? kalAsarjana pAchaLa kalAkAranuM prayojana eka ja hoya che athavA eka ja prakAranuM hoya che ema nathI. dareke dareka kalAkAranuM prayojana eka prakAranuM ja hovuM joIe ema paNa nathI. kalAkAre kalAkAre prayojana bhinna hoI zake. A prayojanonI carcAvicAraNA karIe te pahelAM prayojana ane pariNAma vacceno bheda ApaNe samajI levo joIe. kavi ke kalAkAra je koI cokkasa uddezathI prerAIne kalAnuM sarjana kare tene ApaNe prayojana kahIe, ane kalAkAre, sabhAnapaNe ke abhAnapaNe, kalAsarjana samaye je uddeza manamAM rAkhyo ke kacyo paNa na hoya ane kalAsarjana pachI anapekSita rIte, anAyAse te siddha thAya to tene ApaNe pariNAma kahIe. prayojanamAM viziSTa 0ra sAhityadarzana

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hetu hoya che, pariNAmamAM koI cokkasa hetu hoto nathI. prayojana haMmezAM kalAsarjana mATe kalAkAra pravRtta thAya te samaye tenI najara samakSa raheluM hoya che, pariNAmamAM evuM nathI. dhana meLavavAnA jarA paNa vicAra ke hetu vinA kAvyanuM sarjana karyuM hoya, ane chatAM e kAvyathI kavine ekAeka dhanaprApti thAya, to tyAM dhanaprApti e kavinA kAvyanuM prayojana nahi, paNa pariNAma hatuM ema ApaNe kahI zakIe. vaLI, je koI hetuthI kalAkAra kalAnuM sarjana kare e darekedareka hetune kalAnA prayojana tarIke sthAna ApavuM e paNa yogya na kahevAya. je koI hetu athavA uddeza kalAkAromAM sAmAnyapaNe jovAmAM Avato hoya, je mahattvano hoya, je sthira, nitya ane viziSTa svarUpano hoya ane je preraka tathA pravartaka hoya ene ja ApaNe kalAprayojanomAM sthAna ApavuM joIe. u.ta, koIka kavi potAnA mitrane lagnaprasaMge abhinaMdana ApavAnA hetuthI kAvya lakhe, ke koIka kavi potAnA videha svajanane aMjali ApavA mATe kAvya lakhe to tethI abhinaMdana ApavAM ke aMjali ApavI e paNa kAvyanuM eka prayojana che ema ApaNe nahi kahIe kAraNa ke e prayojano kavinI dRSTie mahattvanAM hoya topaNa kalAsiddhAMtanI carcAmAM eTalAM mahattvanAM nathI. kAvyanA prayojananI carcA saMskRta sAhityamAM ApaNA prAcIna AlaMkArikoe puSkaLa karelI che. bhArata ane bhAmaNathI zarU karIne mammaTa ane vizvanAtha sudhInA AlaMkArikoe kAvyanAM bhinna bhinna prakAranAM prayojano gaNAvyAM che. nATyazAstrakAra bharata lakhe che : vedavidyetihAsAnAmarthAnAM parikalpanam / vinodakaraNaM loke nATyametad bhaviSyati // veda ane itihAsonA arthanI kalpanA karanAruM, lokomAM vinodanuM sAdhana te nATaka.] duHkhArtAnAM samarthAnAM zokArtAnAM tapasvinAm / vizrAntijananaM kAle nATyametanmayA kRtam // simartha chatAM duHkhArta ane nirAdhAra evA zokAta lokane vizrAMti maLe evuM nATya meM racyuM che.] kAvyAlaMkAramAM bhAmaha kAvyanAM prayojano gaNAvatAM kahe che : dharmArthakAmamokSeSu vaicakSaNyaM kalAsu ca / prIti karoti kItiM ca sAdhukAvyaniSevaNam // siArA kAvyanuM sevana dharma, artha, kAma ane mokSamAM temaja dareka kalAmAM vicakSaNatA ane kIrti tathA prIti upajAve che.] kAvyaprayojana - 303

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AcArya daMDIno mata A pramANe che : iha ziSTAnuziSTAnAM ziSTAnAmapi sarvathA / vAcAneva prasAdena lokayAtrA pravartate // [ziSTa dvArA upadeza pAmelAone, temaja ziSyone paNa vANInA ja prasAdathI lokavyavahAramAM saphaLatA maLe che.] vAmana "kAvyAlaMkArasUtramAM lakhe che : kAvyaM sat dRSTAdRSTArthaM prItikIrtihannatvAt / [kAvya dRSTi ane adaSTa prayojanavALuM sadartha che, kAraNa ke e prIti ane kIrtinuM kAraNa che.] rudraTa potAnA "kAvyAlaMkAra'mAM kAvyanAM prayojano gaNAvatAM lakhe che ke kAvya mahAkavione potAne temaja temanA kAvyanA nAyakone sthira, gauravavALo ane vimala yaza pUrato apAve che ke jene kALa paNa naSTa karI zakato nathI. taduparAMta kAvyathI dharmAdi cAra puruSArtha prApta thAya che ema batAvIne e lakhe che : arthamanarthopazamaM zamasamamathavA mataM yadevAsya / viracitarUcirasurastutirakhilaM labhate tadeva kaviH // dUdhana, duHkhopazamana, asAmAnya sukha eTaluM ja nahi paNa kavine je je game te badhuM ja suMdara devastutinI racanA dvArA kavi meLavI zake che.] abhinavagupta lakhe che: tathApi prItireva pradhAnaM... prAdhAnyena Ananda evoktaH / suikha e ja pradhAna.... AnaMda e ja pradhAnapaNe kAvyanuM prayojana gaNAya che.) bhoja potAnA "sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa'mAM lakhe che : vAvyuM. vi TurvanuM rti prati = viti | [kAvya karanAro kavi kIrti ane prIti eTale ke sukha athavA AnaMda meLave che.] kAvyaprakAzakAra mammaTAcArya kAvyanAM prayojano nIce pramANe gaNAve che : kAvyaM yazase'rthakRte vyavahAravide zivetarakSataye / sadyaH paranirvRtaye kAntAsaMmitatayopadezayuje // [kAvya, yaza, arthaprApti, vyavahArajJAna, azubhanivAraNa, tatkAla parama AnaMda ane kAntAnI jema upadezane mATe che.]. AcArya hemacandra paNa mammaTane ja anusarI kAvyAnuzAsana'mAM lakhe che : ___ kAvyamAnandAya yazase kAntAtulyatayopadezAya ca / [kAvya AnaMdane mATe, yazane mATe ane kAntAtulya upadezane mATe che.. 3sAhityadarzana

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vidyAdhara paNa 'ekAvalI'mAM mammaTane anusarIne ja lakhe che : vivollaGghanajIGidhakI vitanute kIrtiM vidhatte zriyaM helAdhik kRtayakSarAjavibhavAM cintAkaraM hantyadham / yugdhe svAdutarAn rasAn vitarati sphAraM kalAkauzala kAvyaM nirvRtimAvahatyapi parispandAvahaM cetasaH // [kAvya jagatavyApI kIrti Ape che, kuberanI lakSmIne paNa tiraskAratI saMpatti Ape che, cintAjanaka pApano nAza kare che, atyaMta rasamaya raso arpe che, kalAomAM ghaNuM kauzala utpanna kare che, sukha Ape che ane cittane parisparjita kare che.] kuntaka kAvyanAM prayojano nIce pramANe gaNAve che: dharmAdisAdhanopAyaH sukumArakamoditaH 1 kAvyabandhomijAtAnaM hRdayAhlAdakArakaH // [suMdara rIte karAyelI kAvyaracanA dharmAdi meLavavAmAM sAdhana bane che, ane sahRdayonAM hRdayane AhlAda Ape che.] vyavahAraparispandasaundaryaM vyavahAribhiH 1 sat kAvyAdhigamAdeva nUtanaucityamApyate // [jagatanA vyavahAru mANasone navAM ja aucityavALuM vyavahArakriyAonuM suMdara svarUpa uttama kAvyanA parizIlana dvArA sAMpaDe che. [sahRdayone kAvyAmRtanA rasAsvAda vaDe dharmAdi cAra puruSArthanA LathI paNa vadhAre caDiyAto AnaMda (camatkAra) maLe che.] vAgbhaTa 'kAvyAnuzAsana'mAM lakhe che : caturvargakalAsvAdamapyatikramya tadvidAm / kAvyAmRtarasenAntazramatkAro vitanyate // kAvyaM pramodAya anarthaparihArAya vyavahArajJAnAya trivargaphalalAbhAya kAntAtulyatayopadezAya kIrtaye ca / [kAvya AnaMdane mATe, anarthanA nivAraNane mATe, vyavahArajJAnane mATe, trivargaphaLaprApti mATe, kAntAtulya upadezane mATe ane kIrtine mATe che.] 'sAhityadarpaNa'kAra vizvanAtha jUnI paraMparA pramANe ja kAvyanAM prayojano gaNAve che: caturvargaphalaprAptiH sukhAdalpadhiyAmapi / [alpabuddhivALA puruSone kAvyathI ja sukhe karIne caturvarganA phaLanI prApti thAya che.] jagannAtha 2sagaMgAdhara'mAM lakhe che : kAvyaprayojana 305

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kIrtiparamAhlAdagururAjadevatAprasAdhanekaprayojanakasya kAvyasya / [kIrti, parama AnaMda. guruno, rAjAno ke devatAno prasAda vagere kAvyanAM aneka prayojano che.]. Ama, duHkhArta ane zokAta mANasone sAMtvana ApavuM, dharma, artha, kAma ane mokSa e caturvarganA dyanI prApti karavI, cosaTha kalAmAM vicakSaNatA meLavavI, kIrti ane prIti (athavA sukha ke camatkAra eTale ke yaza ane AnaMda meLavavo, kAntAtulya upadeza Apavo, anarthanuM nivAraNa karavuM, gura, rAjA ke devatAno prasAda meLavavo, vyavahAranuM jJAna ApavuM vagere kAvyanAM prayojano ApaNA prAcIna AlaMkArikoe gaNAvyAM che. AmAM e spaSTa jovA maLe che ke lagabhaga badhA ja AlaMkArikoe prIti ane kIrti eTale ke AnaMda ane yaza e be prayojana upara vizeSa bhAra mUkyo che. keTalAke to kAvyanAM e be prayojano ja gaNAvyAM che. vartamAna samayamAM paNa e badhAMmAMthI e be prayojano ja vadhAre mahattvanAM gaNAya che. saMskRta alaMkArasAhityamAM mammaTe ApelAM prayojanonI vadhumAM vadhu carcA thaI che. mammaTanI agAu thaI gayelA bharata ane bhAmahe je prayojano gaNAvyAM che te prathama ApaNe joIe. - samartha chatAM duHkhArta ane nirAdhAra evA zokAta mANasone kaMIka vizrAMti maLe e nATyanuM prayojana che ema bharate potAnA nATyazAstranI zarUAtamAM kahyuM che. jIvana eTaluM badhuM gUDha ane saMkula che ke kaye vakhate kevA mANasane mAthe kevI Apatti AvI paDaze e kahI zakAya nahi. mANasa game teTalo samartha hoya chatAM enA jIvanamAM paNa koIka vAra karuNa ghaTanAo banI jatI hoya che ane e dukhI thaI jato hoya che. duHkhanA prasaMge mANasa jo kaMI samAdhAna meLavI zake ke keLavI zake to enA duHkhano bhAra ghaNo ja haLavo banI jAya e svAbhAvika che. mANasa ekAeka AzAbhaMga thAya, acAnaka duHkhamAM AvI paDe, akasmAtu priyajananA viyogano bhoga thaI paDe to e mANasa sAhityamAMthI samAdhAna, sAMtvana, AzvAsana meLavI zake che. samAdhAna ApavAnI dRSTie sAhityanAM anya svarUpo karatAM nATaka vadhAre anukULa ane upayogI svarUpa che. emAM saMgharSamAM mukAyelAM sAMsArika pAtronI kathA AvatI hovAne lIdhe e vAMcavAthI ke bhajavAtuM jovAthI mANasa saheje samAdhAna meLavI zake che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa emAM e eTalo tallIna banI jAya che ke potAnuM duHkha eTalI vAra bhUlI paNa jAya che. gatamAM ApaNA karatAM paNa vadhAre dukhI loko che athavA to uttama puruSone mAthe paNa kevI Apattio AvI paDe che ane emanAM duHkha AgaLa ApaNuM duHkha kaMI ja visAtamAM nathI ema dukhI 06 sAhityadarzana

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mANasane tyAre vizeSa lAge che, ane e rIte e potAnA jIvanamAM AzvAsana meLave che. dharmarAjA yudhiSThira duHkhanA bhArathI jyAre atyaMta asvastha banI gayA hatA tyAre brahadazva RSie emane naLadamayaMtInI kathA kahI hatI. premAnaMde paNa naMdarabAranA ThAkoranuM patnIviyoganuM duHkha haLavuM karavAnA uddezathI naLAkhyAna' lakhyuM hatuM ema kahevAya che. karuNaprazastinA kAvyaprakAramAM zarUAtamAM priyajananA viyoganuM duHkha varNavI aMte to kavi samAdhAna ja keLavato hoya che. duHkhI mANaso enA vAcanathI pote samAdhAna keLavI zake che. eTale ke bhAvakane samAdhAna, sAMtvana, AzvAsanano anubhava karAvavo e paNa kAvyanuM prayojana saMbhavI zake che. dharma, artha, kAma ane mokSa e caturvarganA dyanI prAptine kAvyanA prayojana tarIke rajU karanAra sauthI pahelo bhAmaha che. bhAmahane anusarI rudraTa, vAlmaTa, vizvanAtha vagere AlaMkArikoe paNa caturvargano kAvyaprayojanomAM samAveza karyo. prAcIna paraMparAthI cAlyA AvatA A prayojanamAM vartamAna yuganI zraddhA na bese e svAbhAvika che. sAMpradAyika kahI zakAya evA A prayojanane sAhityamAM sthAna kevI rIte maLyuM te joIe. prAcIna samayamAM jIvananI mahAnamAM mahAna siddhi eTale dharma, artha, kAma ane mokSanI prApti ema manAtuM, te samayanAM dharmazAstro dharmano upadeza ApatAM, arthazAstro arthasaMgraha samajAvatAM, kAmazAstro kAmanuM jJAna ApatAM ane vedAnta-AgamAdi zAstragraMtho mokSano mArga batAvatA. Ama mukhya mukhya zAstronA sevanathI lokone dharma, artha, kAma ane mokSano mArga samajAI jato. saMsAranI tamAma pravRttionuM e ja beya manAtuM. e ja jIvanano parama Adarza lekhAto. Ama tamAma sAhityano udeza caturvarganA dyanI prAptino hato, eTale naisargika rIte ja kAvyazAstra pAse paNa caturvarganI apekSA rAkhavAmAM AvatI. vaLI ApaNA dharmagraMthomAM lakhyuM che ke paramAtmA vize kAvya lakhavAthI ane vAMcavAthI dharmaprApti thAya che. bIjI bAju zabdane atyaMta pavitra gaNavAmAM Avyo che. zabdanI mahattA samajAvatAM vedamAM lakhyuM che : : zabda: saDyuvata: satha jJAti: no Adhu mavati che eTale ke eka zabda sArI rIte prayojAyo hoya ane sAcI rIte jAyo hoya to svargalokamAM te kAmadhugu - icchA pUrNa karanAra - nIvaDe che. vedanA A prasiddha vAkya parathI samajI zakAze ke eka zabdathI keTalI dharmaprApti thAya ! ane Ama, kAvya vaDe jo dharmaprApti thAya, to pachI dharmanA kla vaDe mokSaprApti paNa kema na thAya? Ama eka bAju vedAdi zAstro vaDe dharma ane mokSanI prApti thaI zake che, bIjI bAju kAvya dvArA paNa thaI zake che. paraMtu e baMne vacce taphAvata e che ke mAtra atyaMta paripakva buddhivALA manuSyo ja, khUba kAvyaprayojana 307

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kaSTa sahana karyA pachI, vedAdi zAstro dvArA caturvarganI prApti karI zake che, jyAre bIjI bAju alpabuddhivALA manuSyo paNa kAvya dvArA, kaSTa vaDe nahi paNa AnaMdapUrvaka e ja la prApta karI zake che, jo Ama hoya to kAvyazAstrano saraLa mArga choDIne dharmazAstrono duSkara mArga koNa apanAvaze ? madhura auSadhathI roga dUra thato hoya to kaDavAM auSadhathI dUra karavAno prayatna koNa karaze ? mATe "sAhityadarpaNakAra' kahe kaTukauSadhopazamanIyasya rogasya sitazarkaropazamanIyatve / kasya vA rogiNa: sitazarkarApravRtti: sAdhIyasI na syAt // vaLI, kAvyathI je AnaMdano anubhava thAya che e evo to lokottara hoya che ke ApaNA AlaMkAriko ene brahmAnaMdasahodara tarIke oLakhAve che. eTale ke kAvyano AnaMda mokSaprAptinA AnaMda jeTalo ja adbhuta che; jANe mokSaprApti thaI hoya evo anubhava karAvanAra che ema kahevAmAM Ave che. ApaNAM dharmazAstromAM zabdane atyaMta pavitra ane mokSanA sAdhana tarIke oLakhAvyo che. eTaluM ja nahi paNa saMsAramAM je kaMI kAvyo, gIto ItyAdi che te badhAne paramAtmAnA ja aMzo tarIke ja oLakhavAmAM Ave che. viSNupurANamAM kahevAmAM AvyuM che: kAvyAlApAMzca ye kiciMd gItakAnyakhilAni ca / zabdamUrtidharasyaite viSNoraMzA mahAtmanaH // | Lje kAvyAlApo ane je kAMI badhAM gIto che te zabdamUrtine dhAraNa karanAra mahAtmA viSNu bhagavAnanA aMzo che.] dharma ane mokSa uparAMta kAvya dvArA aprApti thaI zake che ane arthaprApti vaDe kAmaprApti paNa sahelAIthI thaI zake che e ApaNe pratyakSa vyavahAramAM joI zakIe chIe. yathA yo : hRdayastha 2 - eTale ke kavi ane sahadaya bhAvaka e baMnene najaramAM rAkhIne mammaTe kAvyanAM cha prayojano gaNAvyAM che - yaza, arthaprApti, vyavahAranuM jJAna, zivetarakSati, parama AnaMda ane kAntAsaMmita upadeza. mammaTe gaNAvelAM A prayojano badhAM ja ekasarakhAM mahattvanAM nathI. eno kama enA mahattva pramANe nathI. eTale ke pahelAM karatAM bIjuM ke bIjA karatAM trIjuM prayojana caDiyAtuM che ema samajavAnuM nathI. mAtra chaMdanI dRSTie barAbara bese e rIte eNe e prayojano gaNAvyo che. A prayojanomAM vyavahArajJAna ane upadeza vAcakane lAgu paDe che, AnaMda kavi ane bhAvaka ubhayane ane bAkInAM phakta kavine lAgu paDe che. keTalAka kavio yaza meLavavA mATe kAvya lakhatA hoya che. pote karelA kAryanI yogya kadara thAya evI icchA UMDe UMDe paNa dareka mANasamAM rahelI hoya che. yaza cha8 ka sAhityadarzana

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e mukhya preraka zakti che. Adarza lekhAtA raghuvaMzI rAjAo paNa yazanI icchA rAkhatA ja hatA. (yazase viniIpULAnlR 1). duniyAnA mahAna mANaso paNa yazanI vRtti AgaLa namI paDatA hoya che. eTalA mATe ja kahevAya che ke Fame is the last in firmity of noble minds. (kIrti e udAtta mAnavIonI aMtima nirbaLatA che.) tamAma vastuo ane vRttio AgaLa acala ane aDaga rahenAra dhIra mAnavIo yazanI vRtti AgaLa nirbaLa banI jAya che. yaza mahAna mAnavIonI chellI nirbaLatA che. paNa nAnA, UgatA kavionI to e ghaNuMkharuM pahelI nirbaLatA che ema kahI zakAya. bIjA AgaLathI nahi to potAnA sahRdaya bhAvaka pAsethI saMtoSanA be zabdo sAMbhaLI parama tRpti e Ugato kavi anubhavato hoya che. potAnA aMtaramAM UMDe UMDe rahelI yazanI abhilASAne te saMtoSato hoya che. meM A kAvya svAntaHsukhAya lakhyuM che. jagatane e jovuM hoya to jue ane na jovuM hoya to na jue' ema bhAgye ja koI kavine kaheto ApaNe sAMbhaLIzuM. evuM kahenArane paNa jo enI kRti vize koI be kaDavA zabdo saMbhaLAvaze to e dukhI ke gusse thaze, ane jo koI be sArA zabdo saMbhaLAvaze to rAjI thaze. e ja batAve che ke kaviomAM paNa yazanI icchA to rahelI ja hoya che. bhUtakALamAM kAlidAsa vagere kavione kavitA dvArA sAro yaza maLyo hato ane utpatyaMta'sti mama jovi samAnadhamAM kahenAra bhavabhUti to anaMtakALa sudhI potAnA samAnadharmAnI rAha jovA taiyAra hatA. yazanuM prayojana najara samakSa rAkhIne kavi kAvyanuM sarjana kare ane emAM ene yaza maLe temAM kazuM ayogya nathI. paraMtu ApaNe keTalIka vAra joIe chIe ke e prayojanane potAnI kAvyasarjananI pravRttimAM vadhAre paDatuM mahattva apAvAne lIdhe keTalAka kavio ge22ste doravAtA hoya che, ane potAnI kalAne hAni pahoMcADatA hoya che. yaza jo kavinI pratibhA ane enI kRtinI guNavattAnA pramANamAM maLyo hoya to to ThIka; paraMtu jo koI kavine, khAsa karIne UgatA kavine enI zaktinA pramANamAM vadhu paDato yaza maLI gayo hoya to e kavine kyAreka eno nazo caDe che ane potAnI jAtane te hoya tenA karatAM vadhAre pratibhAzALI, vadhAre mahAna mAnavA lAge che. Ama thavAne lIdhe pachI enI kavitAnI ArAdhanAmAM upekSA AvI jAya che. eTale vadhu paDato yaza meLavIne kavi keTalIka vAra potAnI kalAne ja hAni pahoMcADato hoya che. tevI ja rIte koI kavine vADAbaMdhI ke pUrvagrahone kAraNe potAnI zaktinA pramANamAM bahu ja ocho yaza maLyo hoya, thavI joIe enAM karatAM enI bahu ja ochI kadara thaI hoya to e kavipuSpa vadhu na khIlatAM dhIme dhIme mlAna kAvyaprayojana * 309

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thaI jAya che. alabatta, yaza vadhu maLe ke alpa, svastha ane sAcA ArAdhaka kavio potAnA dhyeya tarapha yogya dizAmAM ja gati karatA hoya che. vaLI, yaza mATe ja duniyAnA tamAma kavio potAnI kavitAnuM sarjana kare che ema paNa na kahI zakAya. sAdhu ane saMta kavione ApaNe A vargamAM mUkI zakIe. alabatta, duniyA temane yaza Ape che kharI, paraMtu evo yaza maLe ke na maLe enI teo bhAgye ja apekSA rAkhatA hoya che ke paravA karatA hoya che. narasiMha mahetA ke mIrAMbAI, jJAnezvara ke tukArAma, suradAsa ke kabIra, tulasIdAsa ke nAnaka vagere saMtoe kAM to nijAnaMda masta rahI nijane khAtara ja kavitA lakhI, ke koI to potAnI prabhubhakti vyakata karavA ane saMsArI lokone dharmopadeza ApavAnA hetuthI kavitAnuM sarjana karyuM. eTale yazane eka mukhya pravartaka prayojana tarIke ApaNe na svIkArI zakIe. alabatta, bIjA keTalAMka prayojana karatAM yaza eka mahattvanuM prayojana che kharuM. mAtra arthaprAptinA uddezathI kavi kAvya lakhavA pravRtta thAya che ema Aje ApaNe jo koIne kahIe to te e vAtane jarUra hasI kADhaze. UlaTAnuM, AjanA jamAnAmAM to ApaNe joIe chIe ke potAnAM kAvyo chapAvavA mATe kavine gAMThanA paisA kharcavA paDatA hoya che. to prazna thaze ke arthaprAptine kAvyaprayojanamAM sthAna kevI rIte apAyuM. mammaTe A prayojanano ullekha karyo tyAre enI najara AgaLa eno potAno jamAno hato. dhAvaka (athavA bANa) vagere kavione arthaprApti thayelI ema e noMdhe che. jUnA jamAnAmAM to rAjadarabAromAM rAjakaviono hoddo raheto. e hoddo meLavanAra kavine sArI arthaprApti thatI. kAlidAsa, bhavabhUti, bilpaNa, bANa, padmagupta vagere kavione rAjya taraphathI Azraya maLyo hato. Aje paNa iMglaMDamAM rAjakavinI evI prathA cAlu ja che. vaLI ema paNa kahevAya che ke prAcIna kALamAM eka suMdara muktaka lakhIne rAjAne prasanna karavAthI eka lAkha suvarNamahoranI bakSisa maLatI. rItikALanA kavio AvI rIte rAjyAzraya meLavavAnA hetuthI ghaNI vAra kAvyaracanA karatA e ApaNe jANI e chIe. ghaNIkharI vAra to kAvyakRtinI kadara tarIke arthaprApti thatI. saMskRta sAhityamAM amuka rAjAonI mAtra stuti ja karatAM 'vikramAMkadevacarita' athavA navasAhasakacarita' jevAM kAvyo phakta dhanane khAtara ja lakhAyAM haze ema mAnavAmAM kazuM ja khoTuM nathI. phArasI kavi phiradosIe potAnuM "zAhanAmA' nAmanuM mahAkAvya arthaprAptinI AzAthI prerAIne ja lakhyuM hatuM ema kahevAya che. enA eka eka zera mATe eka eka kImatI sikko ApavAnuM bAdazAhe vacana ApyuM hatuM. joke 310 ka sAhityadarzana

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bAdazAhe ene e rakama jaladI ApI nahi. ane ApI tyAre to enuM avasAna thaI cUkyuM hatuM. eTale enI dIkarIe e badhI ja rakama bAdazAhane pAchI mokalAvI dIdhI hatI ema kahevAya che. iMgleMDanA prasiddha navalakathAkAra sa2 volTara skaoNrTe potAnI 'vevarlI novelsa' devuM cUkavavA mATe lakhI hatI e hakIkata che. zivAjInA vakhatamAM bhUSaNa kavie kavitA dvArA sAruM dhana meLavyuM hatuM. hiMdI kavi bihArIne enA suMdara duhA mATe eka suvarNamahora bakSisa ApavAmAM AvI hatI. hiMdI kavi kezavadAsajIne to eka rAjAe ekavIsa gAma bakSisa tarIke ApyAM hatAM, ApaNA gujarAtamAM 'kIrti kaumudI' lakhanAra somezvara kavine maMtrI vastupAlano Azraya maLyo hato. 'kAnhaDadeprabaMdha'nA kavi padmanAbhane akherAjano Azraya maLyo hato. kavi zAmaLane 'rakhiyala sarakho rAjavI, bhoja samovaDa bhUpa' maLI gayo hato. bIjA keTalAye kavione rAjya taraphathI varSAsana maLatAM, sAhitya dvArA Arthika rIte samRddha thanAra kavio lekhakonAM saMkhyAbaMdha udAharaNo ApaNe joIe chIe, te chatAM vartamAna paristhiti jotAM to kahevuM joIe ke AvAM udAharaNo to jUja ja, ane te paNa atyaMta pratibhAzALI sAhityakAronAM. moTe bhAge to sAhityakArane niminAmbavA evI sarasvatI ane zrInA kudaratI vaimanasyano kaDavo anubhava ja thato hoya che. kavitA lakhIne kamAI janArA kavio karatAM kavitA lakhIne khuvAra thanArA kavio ja sAhityanA itihAsamAM vadhAre jovA maLaze. narmada jevA kavie ne zera juvAra to maLI raheze' ema kahIne mAtra sAhityamAMthI ja paisA meLavIne potAnuM gujarAna calAvavA 'kalamane khoLe mAthuM mUkI' pratijJA lIdhI, paraMtu covIsa varSe e pratijJAno bhaMga karavAno ene mATe vakhata Avyo. kavi boTAdakaranI Arthika sthiti paNa eTalI ja kharAba hatI. eTale A prayojana vize ema kahI zakAya ke badhA ja kavione, pote evo uddeza rAkhIne kAvyasarjana kare topaNa, arthaprApti thatI nathI. temaja je je kavioe kAvyo lakhyAM te badhAe ja arthaprAptinI apekSAthI ja lakhelAM ema paNa na kahI zakAya. sAdhusaMta kavio to paisAno vicAra paNa na kare. eTaluM ja nahi, paNa koka kuMbhanadAsajI jevA to, santanau hAM sirItoM hrAma kahI akabara bAdazAhanA AmaMtraNane Thokare paNa mAre. bhavabhUti ke bhatRhira, mAgha ke jayadeva ke milTana ke dAMte jevA kavio arthaprApti mATe kavitA lakhe evuM ApaNI kalpanAmAM paNa na saMbhave. vaLI arthaprApti mATe kavitA lakhavI ane kavitA lakhavAthI arthaprApti thavI e baMne paristhiti vacce bheda che, arthaprApti ka2vAnA ekamAtra uddezathI lakhAyelI kavitA kalAkRti tarIke bahu UMcA prakAranI hoI zake evo saMbhava ocho rahe che. kAvyaprayojana 311

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Ama, keTalAka kavio yaza meLavavA kAvya lakhatA hoya che, keTalAka paisA meLavavA khAtara, ane keTalAka kavio e baMne meLavavA khAtara. keTalAka kavio koI eka uddezathI kAvya lakhe che ane bIjo anAyAse siddha thaI jAya che. joke ekaMdare arthaprApti karatAM yazaprAptinuM prayojana ja kavinI najara samakSa vadhAre rahetuM jovA maLe che. yazanuM prayojana rAkhavAmAM kavi nathI zodhato sthUla vyAvahArika svArtha ke nathI paDato sthUla zArIrika sukhasagavaDa pAchaLa, yazane khAtara Arthika dRSTie khuvAra thaI javA paNa keTalAka kavio taiyAra hoya che, kAraNa ke arthaprApti to A jIvanamAM jeTalI thaI zake teTalI ja thatI hoya che, jyAre yaza to potAnA avasAna pachI paNa maLaze evI ene AzA hoya che. yaprApti ane arthaprApti mAtra kavine ja thAya che, jyAre vyavahAranuM jJAna vAcakane maLe che. mammaTa kahe che tema kavi keTalIka vAra potAnA bhAvakone vyavahAranuM jJAna ApavAnA uddezathI paNa kAvya lakhe che. eTale A prayojana kavi karatAM bhAvakane vizeSa lAgu paDe che, kAraNa ke potAnA kAvyamAM kavi je vyavahArajJAna rajU kare che te jJAna kavinI pAse to pahelethI hoya che. kAvya dvArA kavine navuM jJAna maLatuM nathI. eTaluM kharuM ke evuM jJAna ApatAM pahelAM kavi pote ene tAjuM karI le che. mammaTe A prayojana maryAdita arthamAM gaNAvyuM che. vyavahArajJAna eTale rAjasabhAnA AcAravivekanuM jJAna eTalo ja artha ene abhipreta che. sAmAnya janone rAjadarabAranA vyavahAranuM jJAna hotuM nathI eTale rAjakulathI paricita evA kavionAM kAvyomAMthI te jJAna meLavI zakAya che ema e kahe che. paraMtu vyavahArajJAnano ATalo ja maryAdita artha karavAno nathI. jIvananA ekeeka pAsAne kAvyamAM sthAna che. kAvya mAnavInA samagra vyavahAranuM pratibiMba che. manuSyasvabhAva kevo hoya che, mAnavInA manamAM kevA kevA gUDha vyApAro cAlI rahyA hoya che, e badhAnI manuSyanA jIvana upara kevI kevI asara thAya che ane aMte enuM kevuM pariNAma Ave che e badhuM ja ApaNe kAvya dvArA joI zakIe chIe. kAlidAsa nATakane 2 TULyoddhamatra noveritam tarIke oLakhAve che te paNa e ja arthamAM. duniyAnA tamAma mahAna graMtho AvA sUkSma vyavahArajJAne sabhara hoya che. vyavahAranA sUkSmamAM sUkSma siddhAMto saraLamAM saraLa bhASAmAM samajAvatA graMtha tarIke eka mahAbhAratanuM ja udAharaNa laIe to temAM dharmarAjAnI satyaniSTha, draupadIno mAnI svabhAva, gAMdhArInI patibhakti, karNanI udAratA, duryodhananI duSTatA, zakuninuM kapaTIpaNuM, bhISmanI pratijJA, dhRtarASTrano putrapakSapAta, bhImano utAvaLo ugra svabhAva vagere bhinna bhinna prakAranAM manuSyasvabhAvanAM citro jovA maLe che. 312 sAhityadarzana

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tevI ja rIte vAlmIki, milTana, dAMte, zeksapiyara, kAlidAsa, bhavabhUti, tulasIdAsa vagere duniyAnA mahAna kavionAM kAvyonuM parizIlana karavAthI manuSyasvabhAva ane mAnavahRdayanuM UMDAmAM UMDuM rahasya jANavA maLe che. aMgrejI sAhityamAMthI phakta zeksapiyaranAM nATako laIe topaNa temAMthI jIvananA keTakeTalA saMkula prazno vize ApaNe jANI zakIe chIe!To be or not to benA vicAravamaLamAM sapaDAyelA hemleTanA mananI vyathA, sAdhananI zuddhi vinA mahattvAkAMkSA pAchaLa paDanAra mekabethanuM adha:patana, pahelAM potAnA prema vaDe DeDimonAne jItI laI pachI enA ja pratye zaMkAzIla bananAra othelonI AtmahatyA, paisAne khAtara potAnI nIti vecanAra marcanTa opha venisanA zAyalokane thayelI zikSA - Ama keTakeTalAM pAtronI AkhI sRSTi zeksapiyare potAnAM nATakomAM khaDI karI che ! manuSyanuM jIvana eTaluM badhuM parimita che ke eka mANasane potAnA jIvanamAM badhA ja prakAranA anubhavo karavAnI taka maLatI nathI. AvA tarehatarehanA anubhavo karavAnuM ene mATe zakya paNa nathI. Ama, potAne na thayelA anubhavonuM jJAna bhAvaka kAvyamAMthI meLavI le che, ane thayelA anubhavone paNa kalAkRti dvArA e vadhAre sArI ane sacoTa rIte samajI zake che. eTale ja methya ArnalDa kahe che ke "kavitA jIvananuM rahasyadarzana che'. kavitAnA parizIlanathI bhAvakane vyavahAranuM jJAna maLe che, eTale ke enuM cAturya keLavAya che eTalo ja eno artha nathI. jIvananuM parama rahasya pichANavA mATe kalAkAranI viziSTa dRSTi bhAvaka meLave che. vastunA hArda sudhI pahoMcavAnI kalAkAranI alaukika sUjha e prApta kare che. eTale jenI pAse AvI pAragAmI dRSTi che te gatanA vyavahAranuM sAcuM jJAna meLavI zake che. mahAna kAvyomAMthI ApaNane vyavahAranuM UMcAmAM UMcuM ane sAcuM jJAna maLe che e kharuM, paraMtu "cAlo, ApaNe have jJAna meLavIe evI icchAthI prerAIne bhAgye ja koI vAcaka kavitA vAMcato haze. bhAvaka kavitA vAMce che potAnA AnaMda mATe. tevI ja rIte "cAlo ApaNe have lokone jJAna ApIe evI IcchAthI prerAIne bhAgye ja koI kavi kAvya lakhavA pravRtta thato haze. eTale vyavahArajJAna prayojana karatAM pariNAma tarIke ja ApaNane vadhAre jovA maLe che. potAne mAthe AvI paDelI koI Apatti dUra karavAnA uddezathI paNa kavi kyAreka kAvya lakhato hoya che. eTale mammaTe kAvyaprayojanomAM zivetarakSati eTale ke azubhanivAraNane paNa sthAna ApyuM. A prayojanano mammaTe ja pahelI vAra ullekha karyo che ema nathI. mammaTa pahelAM rudraTe paNa anarthAntine kAvyanA eka prayojana tarIke gaNAvyuM che. eTale mammaTe kadAca rudraTane anusarIne A prayojana gaNAvyuM kAvyaprayojana - 313 'WWW.jainelibrary.org

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hoya e saMbhavita che. mammaTe mayUra kavino dAkhalo Apyo che. mayUra kavine bANanI patnIe zApa Apyo eTale koDhano roga thayo hato. e dUra karavAnA prayojanathI eNe sUryanI stuti karatuM 'sUryazata" nAmanuM kAvya lakhyuM. e kAvya lakhavAthI eno koDhano roga dUra thaI gayo; eTale ke kAvya vaDe azubhanuM nivAraNa e karI zakyo. A eka daMtakathA che. jUnA jamAnAmAM kavionAM jIvanacaritro lakhavAnI prathA nahotI. eTale kavio mATe aneka prakA2nI daMtakathAo pracalita banatI. bhakta kavionuM to AkhuM jIvana ja camatkRtiothI bhareluM banI jatuM. zivAjInA samayamAM veMkaTAdhvarI nAmanA eka kavie 'viSNuguNAdarzacampU'mAM bhagavAnanI khAmIo batAvI tethI e AMdhaLo thaI gayelo, paraMtu pAchaLathI lakSmInI stuti karatuM bIjuM kAvya lakhavAthI enI AMkho sArI thaI gayelI evI daMtakathA che. mayUra kavinI jema jagannAthane paNa azubhanavAraNa karavAmAM kAvya madadarUpa nIvaDyuM hatuM. jagannAthe koI yavanakanyA sAthe lagna kareluM, tyArapachI ghaNe vakhate e kAzImAM AvyA tyAre kAzInA brAhmaNoe eno bahiSkAra karyo. te samaye gaMgAnA ghATa para besIne jagannAthe 'gaMgAlaharI' nAmanuM kAvya lakhavAnuM zarU karyuM. jema jema eka eka zloka lakhAto gayo tema tema gaMgAnuM pANI eka eka pagathiyuM UMce caDatuM gayuM. bAvanamo zloka lakhAyo tyAre e pANIe jagannAthanA caraNano sparza karyo. jagannAtha pAvana thayA. A camatkArathI kAzInA brAhmaNoe pharI emanI sAthe vyavahAra cAlu karyo evI daMtakathA che. bilhaNa kavi mATe paNa ema kahevAya che ke koIka moTA aparAdha mATe ene phAMsInI sajA thaI. tyAre eNe rAjAne eka zRMgA2 2sapradhAna kAvya lakhIne saMbhaLAvyuM. e kAvyathI rAjA eTalo badho khuza thaI gayo ke turata bilhaNane mukti ApI. jaina sAdhu mAnatuMgAcArye potAno dharma zreSTha che ema puravAra karavA mATe harSarAjAe emanA zarIre bAMdhelI loDhAnI cuMvALIsa sAMkaLo, bhaktAmarastotra' racIne toDI nAkhI hatI. bANa kavie caMDIzataka' nAmanuM kAvya lakhIne potAnAM chinna thaI gayelAM aMgo sArAM karyAM hatAM. gItagoviMda' lakhavAthI kavi jyadevanI mRta patnI padmAvatI pharI sajIvana thaI hatI. saMta kavi tulasIdAse paNa potAnA hAthanI pIDA dUra karavAnA uddezathI 'hanumAna bAhuka' nAmanuM kAvya racyuM hatuM. e racavAthI emanI pIDA dUra thaI gaI hatI ema e pote lakhe che. Ama, aniSTanivAraNahetuthI kavie kAvyaracanA karI hoya evA keTalAka sAcA ane keTalAka kivadaMtIrUpa dAkhalAo sAhityanA itihAsamAM ApaNane jovA maLe che. kavie kharekhara evA prayojanathI kAvyaracanA karI hoya e saMbhavita che. paraMtu ethI enuM 314 sAhityadarzana

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azubha dUra thaI gayAnI je vAto sAMbhaLIe chIe temAM AjanA vaijJAnika yuganA buddhivAdI mANasonI zraddhA bese tema nathI. AjanA jamAnAmAM paNa azubha dUra karavAnA hetuthI "zaptazatI' jevAM stotronuM paThana karanArA, caMDIpATha ke gAyatrImaMtra vaDe vibo ke azubha dUra karanArA, mahArASTramAM "gurucaritra" ke "zanimAhAbhya' vAMcanArA, TADhiyo tAva dUra thAya e mATe gujarAtamAM 'okhAharaNa' vAMcanArA loko maLI Avaze. paraMtu jyAM sudhI e ghaTanA vaijJAnika kasoTImAMthI pasAra na thaI zake tyAM sudhI ene sAhityanI carcAvicAraNAmAM mahattvanuM sthAna na ApI zakAya. ApaNA madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM lagabhaga dareka AkhyAnanI AvI ja phalazruti varNavavAmAM AvatI. paraMtu tyAM kavinuM potAnuM prayojana e nahotuM. jyAre sUryazataka', gaMgAlaharI' vagere kAvyo lakhatI veLA to kavinuM e prayojana spaSTa hatuM ema jovA maLe che. e kAvya lakhavAthI mAtra kavinA ja azubhanuM nivAraNa thayuM che ema sAMbhaLIe chIe. "sUryazataka' vAMcavAthI bIjA koI vAcakano koDha dUra thaI zakyo nathI. ane dhAro ke "sUryazataka' lakhavAthI mayUrano koDha kharekhara dUra thayo, gaMgAlaharI' lakhavAthI gaMgAnuM pANI UMce AvyuM, topaNa tyAM azubhanivAraNa mAtra eka akasmAta che, vadhumAM vadhu eka nimitta che ema kahI zakAya. sAhityamAM pravartatA eka niyama tarIke ene na sthApI zakAya. AvA naimittika upayogane jo sthAna apAya, to pachI kAvya vaDe Akasmika rIte je kaMI siddha thAya tene kAvyaprayojanamAM sthAna ApavuM ja rahyuM, vaLI, azubhanivAraNanA hetuthI lakhAyelI badhI kRtio mahAna to nahi paNa uttama sAhityamAM paNa sthAna pAmI nathI. eTale kAvyanA eka preraka, pravartaka ane nitya prayojana tarIke zivetarakSatine ApaNe mahattva ApI zakIe nahi. tAtkAlika parama AnaMda Apavo e kAvyanuM sarvocca prayojana che. A prayojana kavi tema ja bhAvaka baMnene lAgu paDe che. kavi pote AnaMda meLavavAnA uddezathI kAvya lakhe che ane kAvyathI bhAvakane paNa AnaMda maLe che. AnaMdanuM prayojana to duniyAnAM tamAma nAnAMmoTAM kAvyo mATe tamAma kavione ane tamAma vAcakone lAgu paDe che. bIjAM prayojano jyAre kaMIka gauNa, anitya ane prAsaMgika jevAM lAge che, tyAre AnaMdanuM prayojana mukhya, preraka ane pravartaka jaNAya che. mATe ja ene prayojanaziromaNi tarIke mammaTa oLakhAve che ApaNA lagabhaga badhA ja prAcIna AlaMkArikoe eka yA bIjA zabdamAM A prayojanano svIkAra karyo che. paurasya tema ja pAzcAtya, arvAcIna tema ja prAcIna, badhA ja kAvyamImAMsako e prayojana vize ekamata che. saMbhava che ke kavine kAvyasarjana dvArA maLato AnaMda ane bhAvakane kAvyaprayojana - 315

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kAvyanA vAcana dvArA maLato AnaMda keTaleka aMze judA judA prakArano hoya. kAvyAnaMdanA anubhava vakhate sahRdaya bhAvakane jJAtA, zeya ane jJAnanuM arthAt vAstavika jagatanuM vismaraNa thAya che. jANe samAdhimAM hoya evo eno anubhava thAya che. e AnaMda avarNanIya che, adbhuta che. mATe mammaTa kahe che : sakalaprayojanamaulibhUtaM samanantarameva rasAsvAdanasamudbhUtaM vigalitavedyAntaramAnandam / mATe ja A AnaMdane brahmAnaMdasahodara tarIke oLakhAvAyo che. kavinI sRSTi phakta hamathI hovAthI emAM mAtra sukha athavA AnaMdano ja anubhava thAya che. vAstavika sRSTimAM to ApaNane sukha ane duHkha baMneno anubhava thAya che. kavinI sRSTimAM to karuNarasa paNa AnaMda Ape che. kAvya athavA kalAno AnaMda jagatanA sthUla, mAdaka padArthothI maLatA AnaMda karatAM judA prakArano che. baMnemAM vAstavika jJatanuM vismaraNa thAya che e kharuM, paraMtu jo baMnenA AnaMdAnubhavanuM pariNAma joIzuM to jaNAze ke mAdaka padArtho dvArA maLato AnaMda haMmezAM zArIrika thAka, glAni, viSAda lAve che, jyAre kalAnA AnaMdanA anubhavathI bhAvakanuM urataMtra vadhAre vizuddha thAya che. jema vyavahArajJAnane kAvyanA eka prayojana tarIke mammaTe gaNAvyuM che, tema upadezane paNa eNe kAvyanA prayojanamAM sthAna ApyuM che. A prayojana kavi karatAM bhAvakane vizeSa lAgu paDe che. kavie upadeza Apavo ke nahi e vize ahIM tema ja pazcimamAM ghaNI carcA cAlI che. kavitA ane nItine kaMI saMbaMdha ja nathI evuM mAnanArA kAvyamAM upadezane to sthAna kyAMthI ja Ape ? alabatta, kavi jyAM eka mAtra upadeza ApavAnA hetuthI kAvya lakhe che tyAM te kavi kavi maTIne upadezaka banI jAya che, ethI enI kAvyakalAne hAni pahoMce che. vaLI, jo bhAvakane upadeza ja grahaNa karavo hoya to pachI kAvya ja vAMcavAnI zI jarUra che ? dharmazAstro na vAMce ke jemAMthI vadhAre sIdho, sAco ane pramANabhUta upadeza maLe? paraMtu kavi ane anya upadezako vacce je taphAvata che te mammaTa bahu suMdara ane rasika rIte spaSTa kare che. mammaTa kahe che ke kavitA priyatamAnI mAphaka upadeza Ape che. zAstromAM upadeza traNa prakArano batAvyo che. prabhusaMmita, suhatusaMmita ane kAntAsaMmita. zrutismRti vagere zabdapradhAna graMthonAM vidhivAkyono upadeza prabhu athavA rAjA ke mAlikanI jema AjJAnA prakArano che. A AjJAnuM koI paNa jAtanI zaMkA uThAvyA sivAya, ke enA iniSTa, satyAsatya, lAbhAlAbha ke yogyAyogyatAno vicAra karyA vinA pAlana karavAnuM hoya che. "agnimAM homa karavo' ke haraDha: saMdhyAmupAta ke Thou shall not kill jevAM upadezanAM vacano AjJA 316 sAhityadarzana

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jevAM banI jAya che. ethI enuM pAlana keTalIka vAra loko premathI nahi, paNa bhayathI karatA hoya che. avajJA karavAthI koIka aniSTa Apatti AvI paDaze evI emane bhItiyukta zraddhA hoya che. itihAsa, purANa vagere graMtho arthapradhAna che. e graMtho mitranI jema upadeza Ape che. mitrano upadeza AjJAnA prakArano nahi paNa salAhanA prakArano che, jema ahanyahani bhUtAni pravizanti yamAlayam zeSAH sthiratvamicchanti kimAzcaryamata: param // arthAt dinapratidina prANIo vamanA AlayamAM praveze ane chatAM bAkI rahelA sthiratva icche che e kevI AzcaryanI vAta che ! A upadeza mitranA jevo che. jema mitra samagra paristhitinI savistara carcA karIne yogya mArgadarzana Ape che, tema itihAsa, purANa vagere arthapradhAna graMtho salAhanA svarUpamAM yogya mArgadarzana Ape che. paraMtu mitranA upadezamAM nathI hotuM AjJAnuM baLa ke nathI hotI asarakAraka rocakatA. eTale enA upadezanuM pAlana anivArya nathI banatuM. kavitA trIjA prakArano kAntAsaMmita upadeza Ape che. kAvya vedhadinI jema zabdane ke itihAsa-purANanI jema arthane ja pradhAna sthAna na ApatAM, e baMnene gauNa banAvI, vyaMjanAnA vyApArathI rasa niSpanna karIne bhAvakanA cittane AnaMda ApatAM ApatAM parokSa rIte upadezanuM paNa sUcana karI de che. A prakAranA upadezane mammaTa "kAntAsaMmita' eTale priyatamAnA upadeza tarIke oLakhAve che. priyatamA potAnA priyatamane AjJA karatI nathI, ke mitra pramANe salAha ApatI nathI, paraMtu potAnA prema vaDe enuM citta jItI laI, madhura sUcana mAtrathI enI pAsethI dhAryuM karAvI le che. je upadeza AjJA ke adhikArathI sadhAto nathI te kevaLa kAntAnI miSTa vANIthI sadhAya che. kavitA Avo ja upadeza Ape che ane e ja vadhAre pariNAmakAraka nIvaDe che. u. ta. rAmAyaNa jevA mahAkAvyamAMthI eka bAju rAmanuM vartana ane bIjI bAju rAvaNanuM vartana nihALIne, yogyAyogyatAno vicAra karatAM, svAbhAvika rIte ja bhAvakanA manamAM spharatuM hoya che ke rAmanI jema vartavuM joIe, rAvaNanI jema nahi rAmAvivat vartitaa na vahivatA Ama kAvyamAM upadeza ApavAnI viziSTa zakti rahelI che. paraMtu A uparathI, badhAM ja kAvyono uddeza upadeza ja ApavAno che ema mAnavuM bhUlabhareluM che. badhAM ja kAvyomAM pratyakSa ke parokSa upadeza hovo ja joIe ema mammaTanuM paNa kahevuM nathI. alabatta, game tema tANIkheMcIne upadeza zodhanAra kAvyaprayojana - 317

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to duniyAmAM badhAM ja kAvyomAMthI upadeza tAravI zakaze. paraMtu meghadUta ke tratusaMhAra' jevAM kAvyomAM upadeza zodhavA besavuM ke upadeza na maLe mATe e kAvyo UtaratI kakSAnAM che ema kahevuM te koI paNa rIte yogya nathI. upadeza ApavAnuM kAvyanuM tyAM prayojana ja nathI ema kahevuM vadhAre yogya che. jema dareka kAvyamAM upadeza hovo ja joIe ema mAnanAro eka varga che, tema kAvyamAM bilakula upadeza Avavo ja na joIe ema mAnanAro bIjo eka varga che. A varga ema kahe che ke kAvya mAtra AnaMdane khAtara lakhAya che ane AnaMdane khAtara vaMcAya che. upadezanI zuSka vAtothI kAvyanA AnaMdane hAni pahoMce che, mATe upadezanuM tattva kAvyamAM hovuM ja na joIe. jema pahelo mata jeTalo khoTo che teTalo ja khoTo bIjo mata paNa che. vastutaH kAvyamAM upadeza hovo ja joIe evo koI Agraha ApaNe rAkhI na zakIe. kAvyamAM upadeza Ave kharo, ane na paNa Ave. paraMtu mAtra upadeza ApavAnA uddezathI jyAre kAvya lakhAtuM hoya che tyAre bahu UMcI kakSAnuM banatuM nathI. kAvyanAM prayojanonI ApaNA pUrvasUrioe keTalI vigate ane keTalI vizadatAthI vicAraNA karI che ! e badhAM prayojanomAM kayAM mahattvanAM che ane kyAM gauNa che tenI paNa temaNe yogya rIte chaNAvaTa karI che ane AnaMdanA prayojanane sarjakabhAvaka ubhaya pakSe sarvopari gaNAvIne kAvyacarcA vize mahattvanuM dizAsUcana karyuM che. vartamAna yugamAM kAvyanAM prayojanonI navA saMdarbhamAM navI daSTie vicAraNA avazya karI zakAya, paraMtu te vakhate paNa ApaNA pUrvasUrioe karelI vicAraNAne prakArAnta paNa navI paribhASAmAM jyAM ghaTAvI zakAya ema hoya tyAM tenuM vismaraNa thayuM na ghaTe. 318 sAhityadarzana

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17 karuNaprazasti karuNaprazasti (Elegy)no viziSTa kAvyaprakAra ApaNe tyAM aMgrejI sAhityamAMthI ane aMgrejI sAhityamAM e kAvyaprakAra mULa grIka sAhityamAMthI Avyo che. svajananA mRtyuthI janmatI dukhanI, vizvakramamAM zraddhAnI ane evI bIjI lAgaNIo gatanI bhinnabhinna prajAmAM bhinnabhinna rIte vyakta thatI AvI che. karuNaprazasti mukhyatve AvA prakAranI lAgaNIone AviSkAra Apato kAvyaprakAra koInuM avasAna thatAM strIo pAse rAjiyA ke maraziyA gavaDAvavAnI prathA ApaNe tyAM prAcIna samayathI cAlI Ave che. yuropamAM paNa evI rIte jUnA jamAnAmAM hibrU strIo maraNaprasaMge Darja (Dirge) eTale ke rAjiyA gAtI. AvA rAjiyA gAnAra ane gavaDAvanAra keTalIka vyAvasAyika strIo e jamAnAmAM jema ApaNe tyAM hatI, tema yuropamAM paNa hatI. rAjiyA ke maraziyAmAM maranAra vyaktinI prazaMsA gAvAmAM AvatI. keTalAka kavio koInA paNa maraNa prasaMge gAI zakAya evA khAsa rAjiyA ke maraziyA lakhI paNa ApatA. - svajananuM avasAna thatAM eka yA bIjI rIte enI smRti jALavI rAkhavAnI vRtti mANasomAM svAbhAvika rIte rahelI hoya che. ijiptanI ke dakSiNa amerikAnI inkAnI prAcIna saMskRtimAM to zabane sAcavI rAkhavAnI mamInI) paddhati ane praNAlikA hatI. maranAra vyakti mATe potAnI lAgaNI vyakta karavA kabaro upara, pALiyA upara, daherI, samAdhi, chatrI ke evA koI smAraka upara gadya ke padyamAM thoDIka paMktio lakhavAno rivAja jamAnA-jUno che. evI keTalIka padyapaMktio emAM vyakta thayelI hRdayorminI saccAI ane utkaTatAne lIdhe kavitAnI koTi sudhI pahoMcI karuNaprazasti ka 319

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jAya che. svajananA avasAna samaye koI kavihRdayanuM UrmijharaNa vahevA lAge che, ane emAMthI kAvyanuM sarjana thAya che. mRtyujanya zokamAMthI phuratI AvI TUMkI muktakanA prakAranI racanAone grIka sAhityamAM 'epiTApha' Epitaph) tarIke oLakhAvavAmAM Ave che. keTalIka vAra AvI kRtiomAM zokagAra karatAM jhaDajhamakayukta prazastinuM pramANa vadhAre hoya che, to keTalIka vAra ciMtananuM pramANa vadhAre hoya che. maraNanimitte lakhAyelAM bhinnabhinna prakAranAM kAvyarUpo ziSTa sAhityamAM tema ja lokasAhityamAM jovA maLe che. zokanuM nimitta, zokorminuM Alekhana, guNAnuvAda prazasti, kavinuM ciMtana vagerenA pramANa pramANe karuNarasapradhAna kAvyasvarUponuM vaividhya hoya che. muktaka, virahakAvya, vilApakAvya, aMjalikAvya ane jUnA vakhatanA rAjiyA tathA maraziyA - evA vividha prakAro karuNarasapradhAna kAvyomAM jovA maLe che. saMskRta sAhityamAM "raghuvaMzamAM "ajavilApa' ane "kumArasaMbhavamAM "rativilApa' jevI racanAo paNa maLe che, paraMtu te badhAMne karuNaprazasti kahI na zakAya, kAraNa ke karuNaprazastino kAvyaprakAra viziSTa kalAsvarUpa tarIke vikasyo che ane enAM keTalAMka mahattvanAM lakSaNo nizcita thaI cUkyAM che. Elegy zabdanuM mULa grIka bhASAmAM raheluM che, paNa kAlakrame enA arthamAM ghaNo pharaka paDato gayo che. Aje aMgrejI, phrenca ane jarmana bhASAmAM e zabda judA judA viziSTa arthamAM vaparAya che. aMgrejI sAhityamAM e zabda Aje je arthamAM ane je viziSTa kAvyaprakAra mATe vaparAya che te rIte grIka sAhityamAM vaparAto nahoto. grIka sAhityamAM Elegy eTale ElegianA viziSTa mApamAM lakhAtI koI paNa kavitA evo sAmAnya artha thato. grIka Elegiac zabdano artha paNa bahu ja saMdigdha che. sAmAnya rIte eno artha zokodgAra athavA maraNaprasaMge gavAtuM gIta evo karavAmAM Ave che. joke e zabdamAM mRtyu mATenA zokano artha kevI rIte pravezayo eno koI cokkasa purAvo nathI, kAraNa ke purAtana kALamAM lakhAyelI grIka elejImAM mRtyunA zokanuM kyAMya nirUpaNa jovA maLatuM nathI. to pachI mRtyu mATenA zokano artha e zabdamAM Avyo haze kyAMthI ? keTalAkane ema lAge che ke kadAca purAtana kALamAM prAkRta grIka mANaso daphanakriyA prasaMge je saMgItamaya karuNa zabdo uccAratA haze te parathI A arthanuM tattva te zabdamAM bhaLyuM haze. sAmAnya rIte grIka elejImAM mRtyu nahi, paNa yuddha ane premanA viSayanuM, vIra ane zRMgAra rasanuM ja nirUpaNa thatuM. grIka sAhityamAM A prakAranI sauthI prathama elejI lakhanAra kelinasa ane TiraTeasa nAmanA kavionI kRtimAM paNa yuddha ane 320 - sAhityadarzana

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dezabhaktinuM ja Alekhana che. tyAra pachI lakhAyelI grIka elejImAM zaurya ane puruSArtha tathA prema ane strIsanmAnanAM lakSaNo jovA maLe che. uttarottara viSayavikAsa thatAM temAM nagaro vaccenAM yuddho, nagarajano mATe kAyadAkAnUno bhinnabhinna prakAranI lokaruci, rItarivAjo, praNAlikAo ane te mATenA lokonA abhiprAyo, jIvanane vadhumAM vadhu mANavA mATenA khyAlo, utsavo ane AnaMdo vagere prakAranA viSayonI sAthe sAthe mRtyu pAmelA mATe rudana ane zokano viSaya paNa elejImAM AlekhAvA lAgyo. eTale ke viSayavaividhya sadhAtAM mRtyu ane karuNa rasane paNa temAM sthAna maLyuM. prAcIna grIka sAhityamAM elajI eka chaMdanuM nAma hatuM. cha gaNa (Hextametre)nI eka paMkti ane pAMca gaNa (Pentametre)nI bIjI paMkti - evI be paMktionI eka kaDI Elegiac kahevAtI, ane A viziSTa mApamAM lakhAtAM kAvyo Elegy athavA Elegiac Stanzas kahevAtAM. mRtyumAMthI janmatA zokagAranuM lakSaNa elejI mATe anivArya nahotuM gaNAtuM. eTaluM ja nahi paNa atyAre jene ApaNe elajI kahI zakIe evI, thiyokriTasa, bAyarana vagere kavionI racanA jevI racanAone elejiyAkanA viziSTa mApamAM na lakhAyelI hovAne lIdhe, grIka sAhityamAM Elegy tarIke nahi, paNa Idyal (AIDila) tarIke oLakhAvavAmAM AvatI. aMgrejI sAhityamAM elejInuM sarjana soLamA zatakanA aMtamAM thayuM. sensaranI Daphnaida (I.sa. 1552) nAmanI kAvyakRti aMgrejI sAhityanI sauthI pahelI karuNaprazasti gaNAya che. emAM kavie mRtyuno ja viSaya lIdho che. sattaramA zatakamAM spensara pachI bIjA je keTalAka kavioe elajI lakhI temAM paNa ghaNuMkharuM mRtyuno ja viSaya levAmAM Avyo, ane pachI to e viSaya elejI mATeno anivArya viSaya banI gayo. zRMgAra ke vIrane badale karuNa eno mukhya rasa banI gayo. A kAvyaprakArano sauthI vadhu vikAsa aDhAramA zatakamAM thayo ane e samaya daramiyAna aMgrejI sAhityanI keTalIka uttama karuNaprazastionuM sarjana thayuM. prasiddha kavi can Lycidas, ll Elegy Wrttten in a Country Churchyard, zelInI Adonais, TenisananI In Memorium, robarTa brAuniMganI La Saisiaz, methya ArnalDanI Thyrsis vagere uttamottama karuNaprazastioe e kAvyaprakArane atyaMta samRddha banAvyo. Ama, grIka ane leTina sAhityamAM elejIno je rIte tibasa thayo hato tenA karatAM taddana judI ja rIte aMgrejI sAhityamAM teno vikAsa thayo ane enAM keTalAMka lakSaNo paNa sunizcita thaI gayAM, te eTalI hada sudhI ke jemsa karuNaprazasti ka 321

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hemanDa nAmanA eka kavie grIka paddhati pramANe elejImAM premano viSaya AlekhavAno suMdara prayAsa karyo, topaNa elejInA vargamAM enI kRtine vivecakoe sthAna ApyuM nahi, eTaluM ja nahi paNa ene anusaranAra bIjo koI kavi nIkaLyo nahi ane aMgrejI sAhityamAM e kRtino bahu jhAjho prabhAva paNa paDyo nahi. elejIno kAvyaprakAra IMglAMDa uparAMta phrAnsa, porTugala, ITalI, jarmanI vagere dezomAM paNa vikasyo che, paraMtu teno vikAsa aMgrejI sAhitya pramANe nahi. mULa grIka paddhati pramANe thayo che. grIka sAhityamAMthI aMgrejI sAhityamAM A prakAra AvatAM ene mATe vaparAto zabda Eley to eno e ja rahyo che, paraMtu enA svarUpamAM parivartana thaI gayuM. samaya jatAM aMgrejI sAhityamAM elajI' zabda karuNa rasanA viziSTa prakAranA kAvya mATe nizcita banI gayo che. aMgrejI sAhityamAM karuNaprazastinAM lakSaNo ane enA kada vize badhA ja vivecako ekamata nathI; tema chatAM sAmAnya rIte je mata svIkRta thayo che te pramANe karuNaprazasti eTale svajana, mitra ke koI pUjya ke mAnanIya vyaktinA mRtyuthI uddabhavatA zokamAMthI athavA to gatanI kSaNabhaMguratAnA vicArothI uddabhavelI zokamaya lAgaNIomAMthI janmatuM karuNarasapradhAna kAvya. karuNaprazastinI sAdAmAM sAdI vyAkhyA ApatAM haDasana kahe che : "Elegy is a brief lyric of mourning or direct utterance of personal bereavement and sorrow.... prasiddha AMgla vivecaka eDamaMDa gose karuNaprazastinuM svarUpa samajAvatAM kahyuM che : "Elegy, a short poem of lamentation or regret called forth by the decease of a beloved or reverend person, or by a general sense of the pathos of mortality... Elegy should be mournful, meditative and short without being ejaculatory." karuNaprazasti aMgata zokanI UrmimAMthI uddabhavato AtmalakSI kAvyaprakAra che. priyajananA zokajanaka mRtyumAMthI je utkaTa saMvedanA janme che temAM ja karuNaprazastinuM mULa raheluM che, ane te ja mukhyatve temAM varNavavAmAM Ave che. joke keTalIka vAra emAM koI eka cokkasa vyaktinA avasAnano nAmanirdeza na hoya; paraMtu eka kabrastAna ke evI bIjI koI vastu ke dRzya parathI jIvana ane mRtyu vize Alekhana karavAmAM AvyuM hoya ane bhUmikArUpe janapadanuM citra dorI jemAM karuNa vAtAvaraNa jamAvavAmAM AvyuM hoya evI kRtine paNa karuNaprazasti tarIke oLakhAvavAmAM Ave che. kavi thomasa grenI prakhyAta karuNaprazasti AnuM sacoTa 322 ka sAhityadarzana

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nidarzana che. svajana, mitra ke pUjya vyaktinA mRtyu para lakhAtI karuNaprazastiomAM eka viziSTa prakAranI karuNaprazasti lakhAya che jene Pastoral Elegy - gopaviSayaka karaNaprazasti kahevAmAM Ave che. A prakAranI karuNaprazastimAM kavi, koI gopa ke bharavADa potAnA videha mitra mATe je rIte jhUrato hoya te rIte, potAnA svajana ke mitra mATe jhUre che. evI kRtimAM kavi vAtAvaraNa paNa e ja prakAranuM khaDuM kare che ane paribhASA paNa gopanI ja vApare che. sisilInA sAhityamAM A jAtanI gopaviSayaka karuNaprazasti sau prathama ApaNane jovA maLe che. ApaNA gujarAtI sAhityamAM Avo prakAra kheDAyo nathI) aMgrejI sAhityamAM milTananI 'lisiDAsa" ane methya ArnalDanI thirsisa" A prakAranI suprasiddha karuNaprazastio che. aMgrejI sAhityamAM svajana, mitra ke koIka mahAna pUjya vyakti mATe aMjalirUpe lakhAtAM ciMtanAtmaka kAvyono karuNaprazastimAM samAveza thaI jAya che. keTalIka vAra kavi temAM potAnA videha priyajananuM jIvana, tenAM saMsmaraNo, potAnI sAthenI tenI nikaTatA ane e videha thatAM thayelA tIvra duHkhanI lAgaNIone pradhAnapaNe varNave che, to keTalIka vAra aMgata UrmionA Alekhana karatAM enA mRtyu parathI satvara uddabhavatA praznono vicAra karavA te lAgI jAya che, keTalIka vAra te jIvananI kSaNabhaMguratA, gatanI nazvaratA, mRtyunI anivAryatA vagerenA gahana ciMtanamAM DUbI jAya che, to keTalIka vAra te, khAsa karIne jyAre koI sAhityakAra mitra para karuNaprazasti lakhato hoya tyAre, enA sAhitya upara guNadarzI vivecanAtmaka paMktio lakhavA besI jAya che. Ama, karuNaprazastinAM keTalAMka viziSTa lakSaNo A pramANe nakkI thAya che : (1) karuNaprazasti maraNanimittaka, Urmijanya, karuNarasapradhAna kAvyaprakAra che, emAM svajana ke priyajananA mRtyuno prasaMga kavi Alekhe che. (2) kavi evA priyajananA mRtyuthI anubhavAtuM duHkha prathama varNave che. enI sAthenA potAnA bhUtakALane saMbhArIne potAnI zokanI lAgaNIne AviSkAra Ape che; enA dehanA, svabhAvanA, cAritryanA bhinnabhinna guNonI prazaMsA kare che, tenA cAlyA javAthI potAnI asahAya, karaNa sthitino vicAra kare che. (3) potAnuM duHkha zAMta thatAM kaMIka svasthatA anubhave che. zokomino Ubharo zamatAMnI sAthe, mitranI sAlatI gerahAjarIne lIdhe mRtva keTaluM vasamuM che. keTaluM akaLa ane anivArya che tenA vicAre kavi caDyuM jAya che, ane (4) jIvanamaraNanA gahana tattvaciMtanane aMte pote sAcuM samAdhAna meLave che. A rIte karuNa rasanA AraMbhavALuM kAvya chevaTe zAMta rasamAM pariName che. karuNaprazati ja 323

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karuNaprazasti Urmijanya kAvyaprakAra hovAthI emAM UrminI utkaTatA ane saccAInI tathA enI kalAtmaka abhivyaktinI khAsa apekSA rahe che, kAraNa ke emAM jarA paNa lAgaNInI maMdatA, kRtrimatA ke UNapanI gaMdha AvatAM ja AkhAye kAvyanI asarakArakatA mArI jAya che. mATe ja bhUtakALanI koI mahAna vyakti para atyAre karuNaprazasti lakhavI e agharI vAta che, kAraNa ke emanA mRtyuno prasaMga tAjo nahi paNa bhUtakALano hovAthI zokanI prabaLa Urmi e kadAca janmAvI na zake. karuNaprazasti Urmijanya kAvyaprakAra che e kharuM, paNa emAM mAtra UrminuM ja Alekhana basa nathI. mAtra zokormimAMthI to nAnakaDA zokagIta ke virahagItanuM sarjana thaI zake, karuNaprazastinuM nahi. karuNaprazasti mATe UrminI sAthe buddhinA tattvanI paNa eTalI ja AvazayakatA che. emAM mRtyujanya zokanI sAthe tattvajJAna ane ciMtana paNa Ave che, eTale ke emAM Urmi ane buddhinAM uttama tattvono subhaga samanvaya sadhAya che. emAM UrminuM tattva keTaluM hovuM joIe e kahevuM agharuM che. koI kAvyamAM UrminuM pramANa vadhAre hoI zake, koImAM ochuM. paNa emAM A baMne tattvo AvatAM hovAne lIdhe nAnakaDA UrmigIta karatAM to avazya enuM kada vadhAre moTuM hoI zake che. mATe ja jo kavi mAtra potAnI UrminuM karuNarasabharyuM Alekhana karI aTakI jAya to tevA kAvyane karuNaprazasti kahevA karatAM ene virahakAvya ke vilApakAvya tarIke oLakhAvavuM e ja vadhAre ucita che, eTalA mATe ja vajhavarthanA "lyusI' ke lenDoranA rojha' jevAM taddana nAnAM kAvyone karuNaprazasti tarIke oLakhAvatAM aMgreja vivecako acakAya che. je kAvyamAM pUjyajana ke priyajananA mRtyuno ullekha karI vizeSataH enA guNonI prazaMsA ja kavi kare che ane jIvanamaraNa vize kazuM ciMtana karato nathI evA nAnakaDA kAvyane karuNaprazasti nahi, paNa aMjalikAvya tarIke ja oLakhAvavAmAM Ave e vadhAre ucita che. karuNaprazasti UrmikAvyonI eka peTAjAti che, paNa enAM viSaya, svarUpa ane lakSaNone lIdhe mAtra virahazokanAM UrmikAvyomAM ja nahi, enI AkhI jAtimAM A kAvyaprakArane uttama gaNavAmAM Avyo che. 3ra4 : sAhityadarzana

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18 TUMkI vArtA TUMkI vArtA athavA navalikAe lokonA hRdayamAM tema ja sAhityika svarUpomAM mahattvanuM ane mAnabharyuM sthAna meLavI lIdhuM che. TUMkI vArtA vadhu lokapriya banatI gaI che, enA svarUpamAM avanavA prayogo thatA rahyA che, ane enI kalA paNa uttarottara vikAsa sAdhatI ja rahI che. e kalAsvarUpe ApaNane jagatanI uttamottama kalAkRtio ApI che. vArtAnuM tattva ja eTaluM sanAtana ane eTaluM AkarSaka che ke mAnavajAtinA AdikAlathI ja ene jIvanamAM pratiSThita sthAna maLyuM che. lokajIvananuM yathArtha citra ApaNane vArtAomAM ja jovA maLe che. manuSya mAtrane jIvananA pratibiMbarUpa vArtAomAM vadhAremAM vadhAre rasa paDe e svAbhAvika che. RSimunioe potAnuM jJAna vAta dvArA ApyuM. dharmAcAryoe ane samAjazAstrIoe potAnuM zAstra lokavArtA dvArA ja samajAvyuM ane niruktakAroe paNa vAtano ja Azraya lIdho. prajAjIvanane ghaDavAmAM kathA, laghukathA, AkhyAyikA, upakathA vageree ghaNo moTo phALo Apyo che. eTale ja vAtane jIvananA parama rasAyana tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. hajAro varSa pUrveno prAkRta vArtAkAra saMdhyA samaye potAnI AsapAsa Atura zrotAjanone divasa daramiyAna potAne thayelA vilakSaNa ke vicitra anubhavo, kalpita aMza umerI, vAtarUpe kaheto tyAMthI zarU karIne te AjanI kalAtmaka TUMkI vArtA sudhInAM hajAro varSa daramiyAna vArtAnA svarUpamAM judAM judAM parivartano AvI gayAM che. manuSyajAtinA saMskAro jema badalAtA gayA tema vArtAkAranI kalApaddhatio paNa badalAtI gaI che. TUMkI vArtA 325

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sAhityanAM badhAM svarUpomAM sauthI vadhAre prAcIna ane sauthI vadhAre naisargika svarUpa te vArtAnuM ja che. upaniSadonI vAto, hitopadeza ane paMcataMtranI vAto, pazcimamAM IsapanI vAto ke bhagavAna mahAvIra, buddha ke krAIsTanA upadezamAM AvatAM dRgaMtomAM Adhunika TUMkI vArtAnuM bIja joI zakAya che. TUMkI vAtanI utpatti hAlanA dhAMdhaliyA jamAnAnA utAvaLiyA svabhAvamAM zodhavAmAM Ave che. AgagADI ane vimAnanA, A speed and still more speednA jamAnAmAM lAMbI vArtAo vAMcavA mATe loko pAse samaya nathI, ane mananI ekAgratA nathI, mATe TUMkI vArtAo lakhAtI gaI ane phalatI gaI evo eka mata pravarte che. alabatta, AjanA "utAvaLa" ane "dhamAlanA jamAnAnI asara vArtAsAhitya para nathI thaI ema nathI, paraMtu TUMkI vArtAnA TUMkANa mATenuM e eka ja kAraNa nathI. upadezapradhAna nibaMdho ochA ane ochA lakhAtA ane vaMcAtA thayA ane dhIme dhIme tenuM sthAna TUMkI vArtAe lIdhuM; tema ja vartamAnapatro ane sAmayikomAM ene mahattvanuM ane mAnabharyuM sthAna maLyuM e paNa eka agatyanuM kAraNa che. phAjala samayamAM dainiko ane sAmayiko vAMcIne lAkho loko AnaMda meLavatA hoya che. e rIte vAstavika jIvanane bhUlI jaI vArtAnI kAlpanika duniyAmAM ghaDIka avagAhana teo karI letA hoya che. vaLI, bIjI bAju joIe to Aje paNa lAMbI vArtAo ke navalakathAo ochI lakhAya che ane ochI vaMcAya che ema paNa nathI. navalakathA e paNa vArtAsAhitya ja hovAthI lokapriya to che ja. paraMtu TUMkI vArtAnI tAtkAlika vedhaka asara ane enuM TUMkApaNuM e ApaNA Adhunika mAnasane vadhAre asara kare evuM che. eTale navalakathA karatAM TUMkI vArtAnI pasaMdagI pAchaLa taddana judo ja svabhAva rahelo che. - TUMkI vArtAmAM TUMkANa-saMkSiptatA e agatyanI vastu che. eka ja beThake vAMcI zakAya evI TUMkI vArtA hovAne kAraNe saMpUrNa kAryaveganI ene mATe prathama AvazyakatA che. TUMkI vArtAmAM eka ja mukhya banAvanuM - eka ja mukhya pAtranA jIvananI kaTokaTIvALA prasaMganuM Alekhana thavuM joIe. eTale eka ja pradhAna vicAra para vAtanuM vastu maMDAyeluM hovuM joIe. kalpanA, Urmi ane vyaMjanA athavA dhvani vaDe e kalAkRti vadhAre UMcA prakAranI bane che. mATe ja ene dhvanipradhAna kalA' tarIke pAzcAtya sAhityamAM ghaNuM UMcuM sthAna maLeluM che. vRttAnta ke banAvane pradhAna sthAne rAkhIne AlekhAyelAM vAtasvarUpomAM sauthI nAnAmAM nAnuM svarUpa te Tucako che. kadanI dRSTie TUMkI vArtA navalakathA karatAM TucakAnI vadhAre najIka che. vaktavyane skuTa karavA, athavA prasaMgane anurUpa daSyata ApavA 326 sAhityadarzana

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athavA to koInI mUrkhatA ke cAturya batAvI kevaLa manoraMjana ApavA, athavA to koIka banAvanI viziSTatA ke camatkArikatA batAvavA Tucako kahevAmAM Ave che. TUMkI vArtA ane Tucako e baMnemAM ghaTanAnuM tattva raheluM hoya che. baMne bane teTalAM TUMkAM hovAM joIe. TUMkI vArtAmAM, TucakAnI jema, banAva hovo joIe. paraMtu vAtamAM eka karatAM vadhAre banAvo AvI zake, jyAre TucakAmAM to sAmAnya rIte eka ja banAva hovo joIe. lAghavamAM ja TucakAnI viziSTatA rahelI che. jyAre vArtAmAM banAva ke prasaMga kalAtmaka rIte AlekhAvo joIe. Tucako sAco hoya topaNa cAle, joke ghaNAkharA kalpita hoya che. TUMkI vArtAmAM banelo banAva varNavavAno hoya topaNa temAM kalpita aMza bhaLavo ja joIe. kevaLa banelI hakIkata pUrNa vaphAdArIthI game teTalI manohara zailImAM kahelI hoya topaNa te suMdara vAta na banI zake. keTalIka vAra TucakAnuM rahasya ja e hoya che ke tevo banAva asaMbhavita lAgavA chatAM banyo. hoya che. jyAre vArtAmAM evA asaMbhavita banAvo khAsa prayojana vinA tyAjya gaNAvA joIe. TUMkI vArtAno kalAtmaka deha bhale A chellI sadImAM ghaDAyo, paraMtu teno janma to navalakathA karatAMye jUno che. e samaye TUMkI vArtA avikasita dazAmAM hatI. AjanI navalakathAnAM mULa jovA jaIe to te sadIo pahelAMnI vArtAmAM ja maLI Avaze. paraMtu navalakathAe potAno kalAdeha vikasAvyo ane sughaTita banAvyo te daramiyAna TUMkI vArtAno kalAtmaka vikAsa bahu thayo nahi. paraMtu A chellA saikAmAM navalakathAnA kalAtmaka svarUpanI asara heThaLa TUMkI vArtAne kalAtmaka deha prApta thayo. sadIo pahelAMnI TUMkI vArtAo, navalakathAnA ghaDataramAM jema phALo Apyo hato tema AjanI navalikAnA kalAtmaka svarUpanA ghaDataramAM navalakathAe paNa ThIka ThIka phaLo Apyo che. eTale aitihAsika dRSTie joIe to navalikAnA svarUpavikAsamAM navalakathAnI prabaLa asara paDI che e kharuM, paraMtu AjanI navalikAnuM mULa navalakathAmAM raheluM che athavA to navalikAno janma navalakathAmAMthI thayo che ema mAnavuM sAcuM nathI. navalikA ane navalakathA e baMne eka ja kuTuMbanAM kalAsvarUpo che. baMne vacce sAmya ghaNuM jovAmAM Ave che ane ghaNI vAra eka ja lekhakanAM e baMne saMtAno hoya ema paNa jovA maLe che. navalakathA lakhanArA keTalAka lekhakoe navalikAo paNa lakhI che e ApaNe vartamAna gujarAtI sAhitya temaja Itara bhASAonAM sAhityamAM joI zakIe chIe. AthI ja keTalIka vAra navalikAne navalakathAkAranI kalAnI upaprApti (by-product) tarIke oLakhAvavAmAM Ave che. 19mI sadInA TUMkI vArtA re 327

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ghaNAkharA pAzcAtya navalikAkAroe haoNthorna, mopAsAM, bAljhAka, merImI, sTivansana, berI, kipliMga vageree potAnI agAu thaI gayelA navalakathAkAromAMthI ja navalikA lakhavAnI preraNA meLavelI ane navalikAsarjananuM prathama pagathiyuM vaTAvyA pachI teo navalakathA lakhavA tarapha vaLyA hatA. ApaNe tyAM paNa munazI, dhUmaketu, 2. va. desAI, meghANI, guNavaMtarAya AcArya, cunIlAla vardhamAna zAha, pannAlAla, peTalIka2, maDiyA vagere keTalAye lekhakoe navalikA temaja navalakathA baMnenuM sarjana kareluM joI zakAya che. sAhityanAM nAnAMmoTAM badhAM svarUpomAM paraspara vadhAremAM vadhAre maLatAM Ave evAM be svarUpo te navalikA ane navalakathA che. e baMne vacce eTaluM badhuM sAmya che ke prathama dRSTie mAtra vistAra sivAya bIjo koI taphAvata emAM jaNAya nahi, kathAvastu 52 ja maMDAyelI e baMne kalAo che. kathAnA prANabhUta tattva vinA navalikA ke navalakathA saMbhavI zakatI nathI. kathAnuM tattva e A baMne svarUpo vacceno, temaja e e svarUpanI judI judI kRtio vaccenuM greatest common factor che. navalakathA ane nalikA e baMnenA deha kathAtattva, prasaMgo, pAtro vagerethI ghaDAya che, ane baMne jIvananA koIka rahasyane sphuTa karavA prayatna kare che. Ama A baMne svarUponAM mukhya tattvo vacce keTaleka aMze sarakhAmaNuM jovA maLe che. eTale pahelI najare e baMne vacce bheda mAtra vistArano lAge che, ane e bheda mahattvano paNa che. paraMtu eno artha e nathI ke navalakathA e laMbAvelI navalikA che, athavA to navalikA e sArarUpe TUMkAmAM kahevAmAM AvelI navalakathA che, kAraNa ke A baMne svarUponAM mukhya mukhya tattvonI sarakhAmaNImAM UMDA UtaratAM jaNAze ke navalikA e navalikA che ane navalakathA e navalakathA ja che. baMnenAM svarUpo bhinna bhinna che. navalikA jema jema potAnuM cokkasa, svataMtra ane svayaMparyApta kalAsvarUpa prApta karatI gaI che tema tema navalakathAthI enuM svarUpa vadhu ne vadhu spaSTapaNe juduM paDatuM AvyuM che. baMnenAM kalAkSetro judAM hovAthI eka suMdara navalakathAnuM sthAna eka suMdara navalikA laI zake ema nathI. eTale, TUMkI vArtA e atyAranA dhAMdhaliyA jamAnAmAM utAvaLiyA svabhAvane anukULa AvatuM sarjana hovAthI, tema ja sAmayikomAM ene maLelA mAnabharyA sthAnane kAraNe e vadhu ne vadhu lokapriya thaI gaI che, ane ethI e navalakathAnuM sthAna khUMcavI leze athavA to TUMkI vArtAmAM lokono vadhato jato rasa navalakathAnA vAcanarasamAM ghaTADo karaze evo bhaya rAkhavo asthAne che. navalakathAkAra pAse Alekhana mATe lAMbo vistarelo jIvanapaTa che, jyAre navalikA jIvananA eka prasaMgane athavA to eka khaMDane ke aMzane Alekhe che. eka 328 sAhityadarzana

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mukhya pAtranA AkhA jIvanane athavA to jIvananA amuka bhAgane vistArathI nirUpatI navalakathAmAM sAmAjika, rAjakIya ane vyaktigata evA aneka pravAho ane parivartano sthAna laI zake che. eka vyaktimAM kAma karatAM bhinnabhinna baLonAM AghAta-pratyAghAtoe janmAvelAM parivartano ane pAtronA paraspara AghAtapratyAghAtomAMthI janmatA vividha prasaMgothI bharelo Akho jIvanapravAha navalakathAkA2nI Alekhana-sAmagrImAM AvI zake che. navalakathAkAra jIvananAM vividha pAsAM khIlavI zake che; judA judA dRSTikoNathI jIvananA saLagatA prazno rajU kare che; ane emAM vAstava, bhAvanA ane AdarzanA avanavA raMgo pUrI eka AkhI manorama kalpanAsRSTinuM nirmANa kare che. navalakathA jyAre saMpUrNa lAge che, tyAre navalikA e phakta enA eka khaMDa jevI lAge che. enA maryAdita kSetramAM samagra jIvanane AlekhavAno avakAza ja nathI. e to vahI jatA jIvanano mAtra snepazoTa che. navalikA e eka pAtranA jIvanamAM mahattvano bhAga bhajavI jatI koI eka viziSTa ghaTanA, ane emAMthI udbhavatI prabaLa lAgaNIo AsapAsa potAnuM kaleva2 2ce che. eTale rahasyapUrNa mahattvanI AvI eka ghaTanA ane temAM gUMthAyelAM pAtro tathA prasaMgo TUMkI vArtAnuM 'ekama' banI rahe che. TUMkI vArtAno kalAkAra samagra jIvanane AvarI zakato na hovAthI potAnA kathAvastunI yogya dRSTikoNathI pasaMdagI kare che, ane temAMthI paNa kaI kaI vigato grahaNa ka2vA jevI che ane kaI kaI vigato vArtAnA madhyabiMdune paripuSTa karavAmAM upayogI na hovAthI choDI devA jevI che te khAsa khyAlamAM rAkhI, jIvananA AvA nAnakaDA ekamamAM chupAyelA avanavA rahasyane eka ja sabaLa ane sacoTa chApa dvArA abhivyakta karavAnuM kArya kare che. navalakathA saMpUrNa lAgatI hovAthI enA vAcanane aMte ApaNe saMtoSa ane AnaMdanI lAgaNI anubhavIe chIe, jyAre navalikA enA vAcanane aMte ApaNA cittataMtrane gatizIla banAvI de che. elvina AlbAiTa kahe che : "The short story-writer can never, like the novel, give us the whole life; it can only aim to present, in a vigorous, compressed, suggstive way, a simplification and idealization of a particular part or phase of life." navalakathAkAra pAse vistRta phalaka hovAthI emAM AkhI pAtrasRSTi agatyano bhAga bhajave che. navalakathAkAra pAtrono jIvanavikAsa Alekhe che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa nAnAM gauNa pAtrone paNa sAruM sthAna ApI zake che. vividha raMgothI bharelI navalakathAnI vizALa bhUmikAmAM nAnAM-moTAM aneka pAtro anekAneka prasaMgomAMthI TUMkI vArtA * 329

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pasAra thAya che. paNa TUMkI vArtAmAM to asAdhAraNa evA eka mukhya pAtranA jIvanamAM AvatA kaTokaTInA, maMthananA, vAMkavaLAMkanA athavA to pAtranA samagra dRSTibiMdune pheravI nAkhe evA prasaMgonuM saMkSepamAM nATyAtmaka rIte Alekhana karavAmAM Ave che. eTale navalikAmAM pAtrono vikAsa, navalakathAmAM thAya che tema, dhIrI gatithI na thaI zake, temaja gauNa pAtrone paNa eTaluM mahattvanuM sthAna na maLI zake. navalakathAmAM vastuno patharATa hoya che. lekhaka emAM AvatAM pAtro ane prasaMgonuM savistara varNana karI zake che, ADakathAo AlekhI zake che, prakRtinAM citrAtmaka nirUpaNo vaDe suMdara vAtAvaraNo Thera Thera khaDAM karI zake che, pAtro vaccenI sAmAnya vAtacIto, AghAta-pratyAghAto ane jIvananI haLavI bAju paNa vAraMvAra AlekhI zake che. emAMthI udbhavatA praznonI mAnasazAstrIya chaNAvaTa karI zake che ane jIvana vize suMdara mImAMsA paNa karI zake che. TUMkI vArtAmAM kathanano kriyAga satata ane jhaDapI hovo joIe, sthaLa ane samaya tathA dRSTikoNa sAmAnyataH eka ja rahevAM joIe, ane prasaMgo paraspara gUMthAyelA rahevA joIe. emAM ADakathA ke binajarUrI upaprasaMgo ke bIjA koI paNa prakAranA viSayAMtarane sthAna maLatuM nathI, kAraNa ke enI kalAne bahu vistAra pAlave nahi. navalakathA ane TUMkI vArtA vaccenA A badhA taphAvatonI pAchaLa rahelo eka mukhya taphAvata e "ekatAnI chApa' [Unity of impression athavA po (Poe) jene Effect of totality kahe che teno che. A ekatAnI spaSTa ane saMpUrNa chApa e TUMkI vAtanuM khAsa lakSaNa che. enuM eka kAraNa e che ke navalakathAnuM maMDANa eka ja mULabhUta vicAra para nathI thayuM hotuM, jyAre TUMkI vArtA mATe to Avo koI eka mULabhUta vicAra anivArya ja che. vaLI, navalikA eka ja beThake vAMcI zakAya che ane ethI vAcakanA mana para enI ekasarakhI saMpUrNa chApa paDI zake che, jyAre navalakathAnuM eka ja beThake satata vAcana agharuM che. ethI enA pUrepUrA vAcanamAM vacce vikSepa paDyA vinA raheto nathI. eTale thoDevatte aMze enI ekatAnI chApa para asara pahoMcyA vinA rahetI nathI. mATe ja TUMkI vArtA ane navalakathA vacceno A bheda mahattvano gaNAya che. vastu vinA koI paNa vArtA saMbhavI zake nahi, vastu e koI paNa vArtAnuM anivArya aMga che, pachI bhale e ochuM hoya ke vadhu hoya, vAstavika hoya ke kAlpanika hoya, vartamAnakALane lagatuM hoya ke bhUta athavA bhaviSyakALane lagatuM hoya, jIvananA mahAnamAM mahAna praznone sparzatuM hoya ke nAnAmAM nAnA praznone, vastunI pasaMdagI para vAtano saphaLatAno ghaNo AdhAra rahe che. vastunI pasaMdagI mATe vArtAkAra pAse 330 ja sAhityadarzana

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atyaMta vizALa 3tra paDyuM che. A vizvano samagra jIvarAzi vAtakAra pAse abhyAsa, avalokana ane preraNA mATe paDelo che, jemAM jIvanano ke jIvanane jovAnI dRSTino marma skure evI koI paNa ghaTanA, pAtra, prazna ke vAtAvaraNa vArtAnuM nimitta banI zake. TUMkI vArtAnA vastumAM maulikatA ane navInatAnI tAjagI hovI joIe. paraMtu eno artha e nathI ke vArtAnuM vastu haMmezAM taddana navuM, asAdhAraNa athavA camatkRtibhareluM hovuM joIe. sAmAnya rIte asaMbhavita ke azakya lAge evI vastu jIvanamAM keTalIye vAra bane che. paraMtu ethI evI vastu, jIvanamAM akasmAte zakya hovA chatAM, vArtAmAM sthAna na laI zake. Truth is sometimes stranger than fiction ema eTalA mATe ja kahevAya che. eTalA mATe ja erisToTala kalAkArane uddezIne kahe che : Prefer an impossibility which seems probable to a probability which seems impossible. vArtAnuM vastu pratItikara hovuM joIe, ane e pratIti eTale jIvana ane jagatanA je kSetra ane vAtAvaraNamAMthI vArtAnuM vastu levAmAM AvyuM hoya enI dRSTie adhikArI bhAvakanI vAstavikatAnI, athavA vadhAre sAcI rIte kahIe to saMbhavitatAnI apekSA saMtoSAvI joIe. vArtAkAra potAnAM anubhava, avalokana, vAcana, manana, ciMtana ityAdimAMthI potAnI vArtA mATe vastu pasaMda karI zake, paraMtu emAM kalpanAnuM yogya ane subhaga mizraNa thavuM joIe. to ja te kalAtmaka banI zake. TUMkI vArtAnI kaLAnuM kSetra ghaNuM ja maryAdita hovAthI vastunI pasaMdagI sAthe enuM saMvidhAna paNa eTaluM ja agatyanuM che. cokkasa hetu ane dRSTi sAthe vastune goThavavA mATe khAsa lakSa ApyA vinA kalAtmaka sAhityanuM sarjana duSkara che. AkhI vArtAnI pragati pAchaLa rahela vArtAnA saMcalananA ekadhArA kAryanI goThavaNI eTale vastusaMvidhAna, vastusaMvidhAnanI daSTie vArtAkAre banAvo para mukhya lakSa ApavuM joIe. vAstavika jIvanamAM banatA badhA ja prasaMgo haMmezAM enA e ja kramamAM vArtAmAM nirUpI zakAtA nathI. e krama vArtA mATe yogya ane tarkayukta hoya to ThIka, nahi to vArtAkAre vArtAnA banAvo evI rIte goThavavA joIe ke jethI vAcakano rasa chevaTa sudhI jaLavAI rahe. saMkSiptatA ane suzliSTatA e vastusaMvidhAnanA be mukhya mahattvanAM lakSaNo che, vArtAnA vastumAM saMkSiptatA lAvavA mATe vastunI yogya koNathI pasaMdagI thavI joIe ane te sAthe enI vigatomAMthI kaI kaI vigato grahaNa karavA jevI che ane kaI choDI devA jevI che teno paNa vArtAkAre vicAra karavo joIe. TUMkI vArtAmAM TUMkI vArtA 331

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- bane tyAM sudhI eka ja prasaMga ane eka ja pAtrane prAdhAnya apAvuM joIe. vArtAmAM banAvo keTalA Ave ane keTalA nahi e mATe aucitya sivAya koI khAsa niyama na hoI zake, paraMtu vArtAnA madhyabiMdu - Climax tarapha cittane dorI javA mATe ochAmAM ochA jarU2nA hoya teTalA banAvo AvavA joIe. ethI vadhAre pramANamAM AvatA banAvo vastugrathanamAM saMkulatA ANe ane enA vegane zithila banAve. koI banAva ke prasaMga suMdara hoya, kahevA jevo hoya, chatAM jo e vArtAnA mukhya vastune puSTa karavAmAM anivArya na hoya to e prasaMga tyajavo joIe. amerikana vivecaka Esenwcin kahe che : "A plot is of highest excellence when no one of its component parts shall be susceptible of removal without detriment to the whole." eTale TUMkI vArtAmAM prayojana vinAno banAvo Ave to kathana vyasta thaI javAno ane dhArelI asara moLI banI javAno bhaya rahe. kuzaLa vArtAkAra to eke eka banAvane evI rIte goThavato hoya che ke teno sIdho ke ADakataro saMbaMdha vArtAnA madhyabiMdu sAthe hoya. TUMkI vArtAnA sarjana mATe potAnA Adarza tarIke yukliDanI bhUmitine svIkAranAra robarTa bAra nAmano eka AMgla lekhaka lakhe che : "My model is Euclid, whose justly celebrated book of short stories 'The Elements of Geometry' will live when most of us who are scribing to-day are forgotten. Euclid lays down his plot, sets instantly to work at its development, letting no incident creep in that does not bear relation to the climax, using no unnecessary word, always keeping his one end in view, and the moment he reaches the culmination he stops." vArtAnA vastunI saMkalanA saMkSipta, samapramANa ane sugrathita hovI joIe. vArtAnI kriyAno vega paNa, viSayAMtara vinA, ekasarakhI satata jhaDapathI vastune Toca 52 laI jato hovo joIe. asarakAraka aMta lAvavA mATe dareka paristhitie rasanI jamAvaTa gADha banatI javI joIe. TUMkI vArtAmAM zakya hoya teTale aMze samaya, sthala ane kriyAnI ekatA - unity - jaLavAvI joIe. vastusaMkalanAmAM saraLatA, sarasatA, saMvAditA, suzliSTatA, saMkSiptatA ane sUcana ke dhvani sAthe eka ja hetu ke arthanuM prAdhAnya hovuM joIe. AkhIye vArtAnI samagra chApa vAcakanA mana para ekasarakhI UThavI joIe. vArtAmAM samaya, sthaLa, prasaMgo, pAtro ane teonA 332 sAhityadarzana

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paraspara saMbaMdho, ItyAdi vigato koI paNa prakAranA AyAsa vinA svAbhAvika rIte pravezavAM joIe, ane vAcaka vicAranI jhaDapa sAthe temAM taNAvo joIe. TUMkI vArtAnuM kalAsvarUpa eTaluM nAnuM che ke enI saMvidhAnakalA jhINavaTabharyuM kauzalya mAgI le che. kalAnuM svarUpa jema vadhAre nAnuM tema tenAM judAM judAM pAsAMo. pratye kalAkAre vadhAre lakSa ApavuM joIe. AthI TUMkI vArtAnA Adi ane aMta upara paNa vadhAre bhAra mUkavAmAM Ave che. TUMkI vArtAnA kalAsvarUpamAM pahelI ane chellI chApa mahattvano bhAga bhajavatI hovAthI enA Adi ane aMta pratye vArtAkAre pUratuM lakSa ApavuM jarUrI che. koI paNa vastunI zarUAta je asara pADI zake che te vadhu ciraMjIva hoya che ane te aDadhI saphaLatA apAvI de che. TUMkI vArtAmAM zarUAta parathI ja eno dhvani parakhAI jAya che. eTale vArtAnI zarUAta vAcakanA manano kabajo le evI joIe. enI sAthe ja vAcaka vArtAnA rasapravAhamAM taNAya che ane vArtA pUrI kare tyAre ja mUke che. jema vAcakanA mana para paDatI vArtAnI pahelI chApa mahattvano bhAga bhajave che tema tenI chellI chApa paNa eTalo ja agatyano bhAga bhajavatI hoya che. vArtAnI saphaLatAno ghaNokharo AdhAra enA para ja hoya che. TUMkI vArtAnA aMtanI chApa vAcakane vicAra karato karI mUke evI sacoTa, dhvaniyukta, rasadAyI ane asarakAraka hovI joIe. TUMkI vArtA potAnI asAdhAraNa vedhakazakti vaDe vAcanane aMte ApaNA cittane vicAravamaLamAM mUkI de che. vArtAne aMte haMmezAM Azcaryayukta rahasyasphoTana thavuM ja joIe evuM nathI. vArtAno aMta agAuthI vAcakonA manamAM phure evo hoya topaNa rasanI kharI jamAvaTa to krame krame vArtAnA vastune lekhaka asarakAraka aMta tarapha laI jAya emAM che, kAraNa ke AkhIye vArtAnA vikAsa para enI asara rahelI hoya che. AthI ja TUMkI vArtAnI vastusaMkalanA mATe keTalIka vAra lekhakane vArtAnA bIje cheDethI vicAra karavo ThIka thaI paDe che, kAraNa ke vArtAno aMta lekhakanA satata dhyAnamAM hovAthI dareka paristhitie prasaMgomAM ane vAtAvaraNamAM sUcano mUkIne saMkalanAmAM khUbI lAvI zakAya che. eDagara elana po kahe che : "Nothing is more clear than that every plot worth the name must be elaborated to its denouement before anything be attempted." vArtAnA aMtano jyAre vicAra karIe chIe tyAre eka prazna e ubhave che ke suMdara ane saMpUrNa (perfect) evI eka ja vArtAno aMta eka karatAM vadhAre prakArano hoI zake kharo ? eTale ke eka suMdara ane saphaLa TUMkI vArtAno aMta je TUMkI vArtA 333

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rIte Avyo hoya tenAthI bhinna prakArano aMta e vAtano AvI zake kharo ? prathama daSTie ema lAgyA vinA raheze nahi ke vArtAkAra potAnI vAtane dhAre tevo vaLAMka ApavAne svataMtra che, zaktizALI che. eTale eka vAtano hoya tenA karatAM bhinna aMta kema na AvI zake ? paraMtu ahIM je vicAra karavAno che te vArtAkAranI dRSTie nahi, paNa vArtAkalAnI dRSTie karavAno che. koI paNa vAtanA judA judA aMta lAvavA hoya to game teTalA lAvI zakAya. paNa vArtA suMdara ane saMpUrNa - perfect - hoya to e vArtAnI suMdaratA, saMpUrNatA ane asarakArakatAne khaMDita karyA vinA eno bIjI rIte aMta ANavo zakya ja nathI. sTivansana kahe che ke "sAcI TUMkI vArtA vArtAkArane potAnI saMvidhAnakalA sAthe athavA to potAnA mukhya pAtranA bhAvi sAthe chUTa levA detI ja nathI." eTale sAcI, suMdara, saphaLa ane saMpUrNa TUMkI vArtAnA aMte eka pAtranuM bhAvi je rIte nirmAyuM hoya te anyathA saMbhavI zakatuM ja nathI. TUMkI vArtAno aMta anivArya hoya che ane vAcakane paNa e anivArya lAgato hoya che. eTale vArtAno aMta jo bIjI rIte ANI zakAto hoya to eno artha e ke vArtAnI zarUAta ja khoTI rIte thaI che. TUMkI vArtAnA Adi ane aMta mATe bhinnabhinna mata pravarte che. eka bAju cekhova kahe che ke TUMkI vArtAne Adi ke aMta na hovA joIe : "A story should neither have beginning nor end." to bIjI tarapha Sedgwick kahe che : "A short story is like a horse race; it is the start and finish that count most." cekhova kahe che ke jIvanamAM jema amuka banAva banI jAya che chatAM te barAbara kyAMthI zarU thayo ane kyAM teno aMta Avyo te kahI na zakAya, tema vArtAomAM paNa bane che. eTale ke vArtAomAM je ane jeTaluM jIvana nirUpAyuM hoya che enI AgaLa paNa ghaNuMbadhuM banI gayuM hoya che, vArtAnA aMta pachI paNa ghaNuMbadhuM banatuM hoya che. eTale vAtamAM je jIvana nirupAyuM hoya che tenuM mULa vAtanI bahAra hoya che; tevI ja rIte vArtAno aMta jyAM Ave che tyAM ja vArtAmAM nirupAyelA jIvanano aMta nathI Avato hoto. eTale vArtAne Adi ane aMta hotA nathI. A dalIla sAme ema kahI zakAya ke vArtAmAM je jIvana nirupAyuM hoya che tene eka ekama tarIke ja svIkAravuM joIe. samagra jIvananuM nirUpaNa to vArtAmAM thaI zakatuM ja nathI. jIvananA eka khaMDane ja eka ekama (unit) tarIke svIkAravo joIe, eTalA pUratuM to e jIvana pUrNa ja gaNAvuM joIe. vaLI ema paNa kahI zakAya ke cekhovanI e dalIlane mAnya rAkhIe to to navalakathAne paNa Adi ane 34 - sAhityadarzana

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aMta hoI na zake, kAraNa ke navalakathAmAM je jIvana nirupAyuM hoya che tenI AgaLa paNa zuM kazuM nathI banyuM hotuM ? ane navalakathAnA aMte zuM emAM nirUpAyela jIvanano aMta AvI jAya che ? TUMkI vArtAne Adi ke aMta hotA nathI evA cekhovanA kathanano bIjo artha e paNa karavAmAM Ave che ke TUMkI vArtAmAM enA Adi ane aMtane satata lakSamAM rAkhIne vastunI rajUAta karavAnI nathI hotI. jIvanamAM jema bane che tema koI paNa prakAranA krama vinA vastu vArtAmAM game tema goThavAyeluM hoya to paNa cAle. eTale ke jIvanamAM jema badhA banAvo amuka yojanApUrvaka nahi, paNa svAbhAvika rIte ja banatA hoya che, tema vAtano amuka rIte aMta lAvavAnI yojanA sahita nahi, paNa svAbhAvika rIte ja badhA banAvo nirUpAvA joIe evo cekhovano mata banAvonA nirUpaNano A prazra saMvidhAnakalAno che. vArtAnA saMvidhAnamAM be judI judI paddhati apanAvavAmAM AvelI jovAmAM Ave che. eka bAju suzliSTa, sugrathita vastuvALI mopAsAMnI paddhati che, to bIjI bAju kazIye kRtrimatA vinA jIvanamAM je rIte bane che tevuM vastunuM nirUpaNa karatI cekhovanI vAtapaddhati che. mopAsAMnI paddhatinA vArtAkAro vArtAnA prasaMgo suMdara rIte goThave che ane vArtAne sarasa rIte vikasAvI cokkasa aMta tarapha laI jAya che. evI vArtAono dhvani vAcaka sahelAIthI samajI zake che. eTale emAM gerasamaja thavAno bhaya raheto nathI. jo ke lekhaka emAM sabhAnapaNe badhA prasaMgo goThavato hovAthI evI vArtA keTaleka aMze kRtrima banI jAya che evo AkSepa e paddhati vize karavAmAM Ave che. bIjI bAju, cekhovanI vArtApaddhati eka rIte kahIe to kahevAnI vAtane maLatI Ave che. e vAtapaddhativALo vArtAkAra potAnA vAcakanI samajazaktimAM vadhAre vizvAsa dharAvato hoya che. emAM eka pachI eka saMbhALapUrvaka goThavAyelA prasaMgo nahi paNa jIvananA asaMbaddha TukaDAo jANe ke AvIne goThavAI jAya che. A paddhatimAM kRtrimatAno doSa bhale na Ave paraMtu emAM moTAmAM moTo bhaya e rahelo che ke vArtAkAra jo kAbela ane kuzaLa na hoya to evI vArtA zithila ane rasahIna banI javAnI. Ama, jema bIjI badhI kalAomAM, kalAkAra bhAvakane najaramAM rAkhIne ja potAnI kRtinuM sabhAnapaNe sarjana karato hoya che tema vArtAkAra paNa potAnI vArtAnuM sabhAnapaNe sarjana karato hoya che. eTale vArtAkAra potAnI vArtAnA Adi ane aMta pratye pUratuM dhyAna Ape e ISTa che. TUMkI vArtA ja 335

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vastunI yogya ane asarakAraka goThavaNI mATe vArtAkArane vAtanA judA judA AkArano - vastu rajU karavAnI judI judI paddhati ke zailIno - Azraya levo paDe che. ghaNIkharI vArtAomAM vArtAkAra pote vArtAmAM praveza karyA vinA AkhIye vAta eka trIjI vyakti tarIke rajU kare che. vArtAnI A prakAranI paralakSI nirUpaNazailI saraLa, salAmata ane vadhAre phAvaTavALI che. nirUpaNazailIno bIjo prakAra te AtmalakSI zailIno che, jemAM vArtAkAra pote vArtAkAra tarIke athavA to vArtAnA eka pAtra tarIke vArtAmAM praveze che. keTalIka vAra vArtAnA bIjA koI pAtranA mukhe lekhaka AkhI vAta kahevarAve che. e pAtra vArtAnuM mukhya pAtra hoya ke na paNa hoya. A prakAranI zailI khAsa karIne hAsya ane kaTAkSa mATe ke pAtrapRthakkaraNa mATe upayogI thaI paDe che. paraMtu e zailImAM bhayasthAno, saMvidhAnanI muzkelIo ane maryAdAo paNa rahela che. khAsa karIne bhaya ane sAhasanI kathAomAM A AtmalakSI zailIthI parAkASThA ane vedhakatA joIe tevAM lAvI zakAtAM nathI, kAraNa ke vArtA kahenAra vyakti game teTalAM sAhaso kare ke game tevA saMkaTomAM ke bhayamAM AvI paDe topaNa vAtanA aMta sudhI enuM avasAna thavAnuM nathI evI vAcakane pahelethI khAtarI thaI jAya che. patrorUpe ane DAyarIrUpe lakhAtI vArtAo e nirUpaNazailInA bIjA prakAro che, paraMtu asAdhAraNa kuzaLatA vinA emAM saphaLatA maLavI sahelI nathI. pAtra, vastu ke vAtAvaraNane vArtAmAM apAyelA prAdhAnya pramANe sTivansana TUMkI vAtanA traNa prakAra pADe che: je vArtAomAM pAtrane ja mahattvanuM sthAna ApavAmAM AvyuM hoya e pAtrapradhAna vArtA, jemAM vastune pradhAna svarUpa ApyuM hoya te vastupradhAna vArtA ane jemAM phakta vAtAvaraNa vArtAmAM mahattvano bhAga bhajavatuM hoya che te vAtAvaraNapradhAna vAta. A uparAMta vastu ke viSayanI dRSTie paNa sAmAjika, aitihAsika, jAsUsI evA paNa keTalAye prakAro vArtAnA paDI zake che. A badhuM hovA chatAM dareka kalAkArane potAnI aMgata zailI ane saMvidhAnakalA hoya che. ane te dvArA ja enI kalAkRtinuM nirmANa thAya che. vaLI, saMvidhAnakalAnA AvA niyamo sarvazreSTha kRtio parathI tAravelA niyamo hoya che. AthI jyAM sudhI vastusaMvidhAnano hetu vAtane ane vastunI rajUAtane vadhAre ne vadhAre rasika banAvavAno che tyAM sudhI, koI paNa prakAre vAta vadhAre rasika ane vadhAre sacoTa banAvI zakAtI hoya to, saMkalana ke AyojananI koI paNa paddhatino tyAga karavAne vArtAkAra saMpUrNa svataMtra che. vArtAmAM doSa ke kSati rahI gayAM hoya chatAM vArtA jo kuzaLa hoya to ene khUbIthI DhAMkI de che. eTale vArtAno rasa e kSatine kSamya karanAra moTAmAM moTuM baLa che, kAraNa ke rasanA AvegamAM vAcaka potAnA mArgamAM 336 9 sAhityadarzana

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AvatI kSatio saheje vaTAvI jAya che. mahAna lekhako pramAda karavA chatAM paNa potAnI pratibhAne baLe A rIte vAcakane potAnA pravAhamAM ghasaDI jAya che, eTale TUMkIvArtAnA guNadoSanI badhI carcA chatAM samartha, pratibhAzALI lekhakanuM baLa vivecakoe svIkAryuM che. alabatta, tethI sAdhAraNa vArtAlekhakoe AvI bAbatamAM pramAda na karavo joIe. navalakathA ke nATaka karatAM TUMkI vArtAnuM phalaka maryAdita hovAthI emAM pAtrAlekhananI kalAnuM mahattva vizeSa che. vArtAmAM vastu sAthe vyaktinuM paNa eTaluM ja mahattva hoya che. vArtAmAM pAtra prasaMgone ane prasaMgo pAtrane ghaDatAM hovAthI, temaja manuSyanA manogata bhAvonuM pRthakkaraNa ane talasparzI Alekhana vAcakanA hRdayane sauthI vadhAre sparzatuM hovAthI pAtranirUpaNa vArtAsAhityamAM mahattvanuM aMkAyuM che. TUMkI vArtAnuM pAtrAlekhana navalakathA ke nATaka karatAM nATikA sAthe vadhu maLatuM Ave che. maryAdita kSetrane lIdhe TUMkI vArtAmAM vArtAkArane pAtrAlekhana mATe nATyAtmaka zailIno Azraya levAnI keTalIka vAra pharaja paDe che. eTale ja emAM pAtrone kuTuMba, sagAM-saMbaMdhIo, bhUtakALano itihAsa ane ati dUranA bhAtithI, dareka bAbatamAM, kalAtmaka rIte alipta rAkhI AlekhavA joIe; ane jarUra paDe to sUcana ke kalAtmaka saMvAda dvArA te vastuno nirdeza thavo joIe. navalikAmAM pAtrono vikAsa navalakathAmAM thAya che tevI dhIrI gatithI na thaI zake, temaja pAtranA jIvanabharanA vikAsanuM Alekhana paNa na thaI zake. TUMkI vArtA mukhyatve pAtranA jIvanamAMno eka prabaLa prasaMga upADI laI e prasaMgamAMthI uddabhavelI lAgaNIo AsapAsa potAnuM klevara race che. TUMkI vArtAmAM vizeSataH eka ja pAtranA jIvanamAM AvatA asAdhAraNa kaTokaTInA, tIvra maMnanA, vicitra vAMkavaLAMka ke palaTAnA, athavA to pAtranA samagra jIvanane ke jIvanadRSTine pheravI nAkhe evA prasaMgonuM saMkSepamAM nATyAtmaka rIte Alekhana thavuM joIe. Evelyn Albright : "And the best short story is that which presents not the development in full length or in a summary, but a stage or cross-section of the development the character at a crisis, about to be determined in one direction or the other." - jIvaMtapaNAnI chApa e pAtrAlekhanamAM ati mahattvanI vastu che. zreSTha pAtro (pAtrAlekhananI dRSTie) haMmezAM mAnavasvabhAvanA sAcA namUnA jevAM lAgavAM joIe. sAdhAraNa dekhAvA chatAM emanuM jIvana asAdhAraNa hovuM joIe. "He must live, TUMkI vArtA * 337

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but the course of his life must be unusual, while seeming to be usual." vArtAnuM pAtra sAcI ane jIvaMta vyakti lAgavI joIe. e saMkula, zaMkAzIla, vilakSaNa, saMjogo sAme laDatI, pralobhanothI kheMcAtI, koIka vAra pApa paNa karI besatI ane Akhare kadAca vijaya meLavatI evI koI paNa vyakti hoya, paraMtu vAtanI zarUAtathI te aMta sudhI enA jIvanamAM vAcakane rasa paDe evI susaMgata rIte enuM Alekhana thavuM joIe. eka pAtrane AlekhavA, enI mAnasika prakriyA pragaTa karavA ane vartanamAM enA vyaktitvane utAravA varNana ane nATyAtmaka kAryanI lekhakane jarUra paDe che. pAtranuM varNana bane teTaluM ochuM ane jarUranuM hovuM joIe. e varNanamAM pAtranAM nAma, paheraveza, bAhya dekhAva ityAdi AvI zake. ane te lekhaka pote ke bIjAM pAtro dvArA ke bIjAM pAtronAM dRSTibiMduthI varNavI zake. nAma, paheraveza ane vyaktinA bAhya dekhAva sAthe varNanamAM pAtranA jIvanamAM AvatA vAMkavaLAMkanA kAryane samajAvavAnA hetuthI pAtranuM zikSaNa, teno sAMskArika vAraso, pUrva anubhava vagerenuM varNana paNa sUcana ke saMvAda dvArA AvI zake. pAtranA bAhya paheraveza vagerenuM varNana taLapaduM vAtAvaraNa upasAvavAmAM ane pAtranA mAnasika vyApAro tathA khAsiyato sUcavavAmAM upayogI nIvaDI zake. varNanamAM jhINI jhINI vigatone akAraNa sthAna na hovuM joIe. cokkasa saMjogomAM mukAyelA pAtranI judI tarI Ave evI mukhya tathA jemAM kaMIka upayogI artha samAyo hoya evI vigatonuM ja asarakAraka varNana thavuM joIe, kAraNa ke dareka sarjake bhAvakanI kalpanA para keTaluMka choDI devAnuM hoya che. - lekhaka kyAreka pAtranI mAnasika kriyAnuM pRthakkaraNa paNa karI zake che. mAnasika temaja naitika lAkSaNikatAo sUcavavA, vicAra ane lAgaNInI chAyAo chatI karavA ane jIvanano rahasyasphoTa darzAvavA karelA mAnasazAstrIya pRthakkaraNa sAthe saMvAdanI yogya ane saMbhALabharI pasaMdagI thavI joIe. koI vastu aspaSTa ke pariNAma vinA rahI jatI hoya tyAre AvA pRthakkaraNanI apekSA rahe che, paraMtu pRthakkaraNanuM pramANa vadhAre paDatuM na thaI jAya tenI takedArI vArtAkAre rAkhavI joIe. pAtronA nAmAbhidhAna para paNa vArtAkAre pUratuM lakSa ApavuM joIe. pAtronAM nAmo kaMIka vyaktitvavALAM ane enAM vaya, vAtAvaraNa, kArya, kSetra tathA vyavasAyane samagrapaNe anurUpa evAM aucityayukta ane yathArthatAvALAM hovAM joIe. vicitra, taraMgI ke asaMgata nAmo marma ke kaTAkSapradhAna vArtA sivAya na prayojAvAM joIe. 338 ka sAhityadarzana

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- - vArtAmAM lekhakanA jIvanadarzananuM pratibiMba paDyA vinA rahetuM nathI. lekhakanuM pAtro pratyenuM valaNa ja ghaNuMkharuM A kahI de che. e valaNa paNa lekhake lekhake bhinna hovA saMbhava che. pAtro pratye ThaMDI bedarakArI, roSa, prazaMsA ke yogyatAnusAra sahAnubhUti jevAM judAM judAM prakAranAM valaNo hoI zake. khAsa karIne chelluM valaNa - yogyatAnusAra sahAnubhUti - vadhAre phAvaTavALuM ane saphala nIvaDI zake che. TUMkI vArtAmAM vAstavadarzI, bhAvanAlakSI ke raMgadarzI ke evA koI paNa pAtronA mukhya be bheda paDe che H keTalAMka sthira to keTalAMka parivartanazIla. e pAtro paNa be prakAranAM hoya che : keTalAMka 'namUnA' (Type) ane keTalAMka 'vyakti' (Individual). rASTra, jAti, varga, vyavasAya, jAtIya ke vyaktigata evI koI paNa vastu 52 maMDAyelAM asAdhAraNa lakSaNo eka ja pAtramAM ekatra thAya tyAre e pAtra 'namUno' bane che. rASTra, varga, vyavasAya, ityAdinAM keTalAMka lakSaNo sAthe hArdika, mAnasika ane naitika evA keTalAka guNAvaguNo bhaLatAM e pAtro 'vyakti' bane che. hetu ke mULa vicArane vArtAnuM mUrta svarUpa ApavA mATe pAtra, vastu ane vAtAvaraNanI jarUra paDe che. je vArtAmAM pradhAna sthAne vastu ke vAtAvaraNane badale pAtro hoya te vArtA pAtrapradhAna' kahevAya che. jagatanI keTalIka mahAna vArtAo A prakAranI che. ahIM ja vArtAkAranI kharI kasoTI thAya che. svAbhAvika, sacoTa ane jIvaMta pAtronuM sarjana mAnasazAstranuM UMDuM jJAna, UMcI kalpanA, sUkSma nirIkSaNazakti ane tIvra manovedhaka dRSTi mAgI le che. eTalA mATe ja, zreSTha pAtronA sarjana dvArA lekhaka samAjajIvana upara pariNAmadAyI prabhAva pADI zake che. saMvAda e paNa TUMkI vArtAnuM eka agatyanuM aMga che, rojabarojanA vyavahAramAM ApaNe je rIte bolIe chIe tenI sAcI ane jIvaMta asa2 vArtAmAM paNa upajAvI zake evA saMvAdo hovA joIe. paraMtu teno artha e nathI ke vArtAmAM e saMvAdo dararojanI sAmAnya, nirarthaka vAtacItamAM sarI paDavA joIe. ethI to saMvAdamAM narI zuSkatA ja Ave. vaLI, ApaNI rojiMdI vAtacItamAM ApaNe ghaNI vAra bolavAmAM adhUrA, koIka vAra aspaSTa ane sAmAnyataH sAmI vyaktinI samajazakti 52 vizvAsa ane AdhAra rAkhatA hoIe chIe. bolacAlanAM vAkyomAM zabdo ghaNI vAra AgaLa ke pAchaLa AvI jatA hoya che. bhASA ke vyAkaraNanI dRSTie paNa emAM koIka vAra azuddhi rahelI hoya che. vArtAmAM evA binajarUrI ke azuddha saMvAdane akAraNa sthAna na hoI zake. saMvAdo phakta zakya hovA joIe eTaluM ja nahi, pratItikara paNa hovA joIe. TUMkI vArtA * 339

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je pAtranA mukhamAM je zabdo mukAyA hoya te tene anurUpa hovA joIe. jema jIvanamAM dareka mANasanA vicAra, vyaktitva ane vAtacItanI laDhaNa ekabIjAthI bhinna bhinna hoya che tema vArtAmAM paNa pAtra vaccenA saMvAdamAM darekanuM vyaktitva juduM UpasI AvavuM joIe. jo ema thAya to ja saMvAdo pAtrone jIvaMta banAvavAmAM potAno phALo ApI zake. saMvAdamAM pAtranA varganI dRSTie aucitya jaLavAvuM joIe. vAgharI, mocI, haiyo, nokara, kavi, sAkSara, gAmaDiyo, kaoNlejiyana, kheDUta, bALaka vagere eka ja prakA2nI ekasarakhI bhASA na ja bolI zake e dekhItuM che. temaja e darekanI vicArabhUmikA ekasarakhI hoya evuM paNa na bane. eTale saMvAdo pAtrane anurUpa hovA joIe. saMvAdanI bhASAmAM badalAtA jatA saMjogo ane badalAtI lAgaNI pramANe pheraphAro thayA kare, krodha, Aveza, harSa, nirveda, tiraskAra, bhaya vagere judI judI lAgaNInA prasaMge eka pAtra ekasarakhI bhASA vyakta na ja kare e svAbhAvika che. paraMtu game te paristhitimAM e pAtra potAnuM vyaktitva to kadI paNa gumAvI na bese. saMvAdamAM pAtranA vyaktitvanI saMgatatA (Consistency) to satata jaLavAI rahevI joIe. vArtAmAM game te prasaMge pAtra potAnI vANI ane vicAranI viziSTatAthI ja oLakhAI AvavuM joIe. eTale vArtAmAM saMvAdo vyakti tema ja prasaMgane anurUpa hovA joIe. zreSTha saMvAdo e ke je vArtAmAM AvatAM prasaMga ane pAtra sAthe gADha saMbaMdha dharAvatA hoya, eTaluM ja nahi paNa prasaMga mATe anivArya paNa hoya. The ideal dialogue is not closely relevant, but even indispensable to the situation. jema jIvanamAM eka mANasane ApaNe bolato sAMbhaLIe nahi tyAM sudhI enA vize vadhu khyAla bAMdhI zakAto nathI, tevI ja rIte vArtAmAM eka pAtrane ApaNe bolatuM sAMbhaLIe nahi tyAM sudhI enA vize ApaNe vadhu khyAla meLavI zakatA nathI. AthI saMvAda vArtAmAM pAtrane samajavAmAM ane pAtrAlekhanane vikasAvavAmAM madadarUpa nIvaDe che. saMvAdanI madadathI thoDA zabdomAM vArtAkAra surekha pAtra AlekhI zake che. saMvAdo phakta pAtranA vicAra ane lAgaNIne ja vyakta karatA nathI; enuM kartavya ethIye vadhAre che, vArtAnA kAryane vega ApavAmAM, banAvone bahAra lAvavAmAM, vAtAvaraNa ke pUrvabhUmikA taiyA2 ka2vAmAM paNa saMvAda upayogI thaI zake che, bhUtakALanA banAvo temaja anyatra banatA prasaMgono nirdeza paNa saMvAda dvArA karI zakAya, joke saMvAdanA tattva vinA paNa zreSTha vArtAo lakhI zakAya che, lakhAI paNa che. 340 sAhityadarzana

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saMvAdamAM bolI (dialect)nA vaparAzano prazna paNa vicAravo joIe. bolI vArtAmAM vAstavikatA lAvI zake che, ane taLapaduM, AbehUba citra ane vAtAvaraNa khaDuM karavAmAM madadarUpa nIvaDe che. paraMtu bolInA vadhAre paDatA vaparAzane kAraNe vArtAnA vihAranuM kSetra saMkucita banI javAno saMbhava che. je pradezanI bolIno vArtAmAM upayoga thayo hoya te pradezanA lokone e vArtAmAM vadhAre rasa paDavAno; paraMtu bIjA pradezanA lokone kadAca emAM ocho rasa paDavAno. vaLI bhASAnI dRSTie vicAra karIe to bhASA parivartanazIla hoIne bolIne badalAtAM vAra nathI lAgatI. eTale bolI-pracura vArtAnI ciraMjIvitA para enI asara paDyA vinA rahetI nathI. zIrSaka e, eka rIte kahIe to, vAtanuM aMga che ane nathI. zIrSakane vAta sAthe saMbaMdha che eTaluM ja nahi, pratyakSa nahi to parokSa rIte e vArtA mATe keTalIka vAra upakAraka paNa bane che. vArtAnuM zIrSaka anokhuM, AkarSaka, navIna, saMkSipta, sUcaka, suyogya ane sAhityika hovuM joIe. vArtAnA vastu sAthe athavA vArtAmAM koIka ne koIka sthaLe eno pULa nahi to sUkSma saMbaMdha avazya hovo joIe. je zIrSako vArtAno prakAra jaNAvatAM hoya, chApALavAM hoya, ghaNAM lAMbAM athavA vikalpavALAM hoya, vArtAnA sArarUpe kahevAyAM hoya athavA to vAtano ghaTasphoTa pahelethI jaNAvI detAM hoya tevAM zIrSako nIrasa banavAno saMbhava che. zIrSaka keTalIka vAra vArtAnI mukhya bhAvanA ke vArtAnA mukhyadhvani parathI apAyuM hoya che (jema ke - vinipAta', "jiMdagIno tarajumo', "avirAma yuddha, kALa thobhe che' vagere); keTalIka vAra vAtanA mukhya pAtranA nAma parathI apAya che (jemake - "bhaiyAdAdA', "khemI', "jumo bhistI', "gnajIvana mAstara', "gulAbavahu', buddhivijaya', "mukundarAya, kezavarAma' vagere); keTalIka vAra vArtAnA mukhya prasaMga parathI apAya che jema ke - "janmabhUmino tyAga', 'philasUphano bhrama', "zAmaLazAno vivAha' vagere); keTalIka vAra vArtAnA mukhya vaktavya parathI apAya che jema ke - lohInI sagAI, lohItarasyo', "ratino zApa', "hRdayapalaTo', "mAchImAranuM gIta' vagere; keTalIka vAra koIka sthaLanI AsapAsa vAta vaNAI hoya che tyAre te sthalanA nAma parathI ApavAmAM Ave che jemake - "sarayU nadIne kinAre', "haNamAnanI derI', zetrujIne kAMThe vagere). je vArtAnA aMtamAM kaMIka rahasyasphoTa rahelo hoya tevI vArtAnA vastunI saMkalanA parathI jo zIrSaka ApavAmAM AvyuM hoya to tenuM zIrSaka vArtA vAMcyA pachI samajAya evuM hovuM joIe, ane nahi ke AkhI vArtAnuM rahasya pahelethI samajAvI TUMkI vArtA 341

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de evuM, kAraNa ke vArtAno aMta kevo AvanAra che e vAcaka jo zIrSaka vAMcatAM ja samajI jAya to tevI vArtA vAMcavAmAM ene rasa nahi rahe. eTale AvA prakAranI vArtAomAM zIrSaka dvArA viSayanuM sUcana thaI zake, nahi ke viSayanuM kathana. vastusaMvidhAna, pAtrAlekhana, saMvAda, zIrSaka ItyAdi aMgo karatAMye vArtAnuM - athavA koI paNa kalAkRtinuM - agatyanuM aMga athavA tattva te lekhakanI jIvana pratyenI dRSTi (Philosophy of life) che. dareka kalAkRti potapotAnI AgavI rIte jIvananuM kaMIka rahasya pragaTa karavA prayatna karatI ja hoya che. paraMtu te potAnA upAdAnanI maryAdAmAM rahIne je jIvanarahasya pragaTa karI zakAya te pragaTa kare che eTale je rahasyo AkhA jIvanapaTane jovAthI ja samajI zakAya tevAM rahasyo TUMkI vArtAmAM lekhaka batAvI na zake. dareka vArtAkAra pAse jIvanane nihALavAnuM ane nirUpavAnuM AgavuM dRSTibindu hoya che. jIvana tarapha vArtAkAra kevI rIte jue che, manuSyonAM ane temanAM hadayonAM e kevAM mUlya AMke che, manuSyone mAthe AvI paDatA evA bIjA aneka kUTaprazno pratyenuM kartAnuM valaNa kevuM che e badhuM - vArtAmAM spaSTa zabdomAM kahevAyuM na hoya chatAM - vArtAmAM AlekhAyelA jIvanane samagrapaNe vicAratAM ApaNane samajAya che. vAtamAM game teTalI sukumAra kalpanA hoya, game teTaluM suMdara vastusaMvidhAna ke pAtrAlekhana hoya ke enI game teTalI manohara zailI hoya, paNa jyAM sudhI jIvanamAM UMDA UtarI mAnavahRdayanuM sUkSma anveSaNa karavAnI enA lekhakamAM zakti na hoya tyAM sudhI e vAtakRti bahu UMcI kakSAnI banI na zake. O jara ke sAhityadarzana

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19 sAhitya-saMskArasetu mAnavane jyArathI bhASAnuM mAdhyama prApta thayuM tyArathI te tenA dvArA potAnA bhAvo, vicAro, kalpanAo vagere vyakta karavA lAgyo. bhASAe potAnI apAra zakti vaDe mAnavavyavahArane saraLa ane sulabha banAvI dIdho. pariNAme mAnava pAse samaya ane zaktino eTalo bacAva thato rahyo ke jethI eno upayoga e ja bhASA mAdhyamane airapaNe laDAvavAmAM paNa te karavA lAgyo A rIte bhASAe pote paNa mAnavacittanA sUkSma ane gahana spaMdanone jhIlavAnI kSamatA dhAraNa karI ane potAnA svarUpamAM ramaNIyatAnI avanavI dizAo khullI karI. zabda mAtra sAMketika mAdhyama na rahyo, paraMtu aneka arthacchAyAothI sabhara banavA lAgyo. mAnavanI vAcA jema jema khIlatI gaI tema tema sAhityanuM sarjana thatuM gayuM ane temAM mAnavajIvananuM gahanatama pratibiMba paDavA lAgyuM. sAhitya e evuM mAdhyama che ke jenA dvArA mANasa viSanuM vamana karI zake che ane amRtanuM pAna paNa karI zake che. sAhityakAra jyAre pUrvagraha ane abhiniveza vaDe potAnI sAhityakRtinuM sarjana kare che, tyAre eka bAju jema te koI eka pakSane ayogya rIte utsAhita kare che, to bIjI bAju anya pakSane anyAya kare che ane kyAreka ene dveSano Azraya levAnI pharaja pADe che. koIka vAra sAhityakAra potAnA pratispardhIne pAtra banAvI kavitA, vArtA ke nATakanI racanA kare che ane temAM te pAtrane halakuM cItaravAno, tenA upara kaTAkSayukta prahAro karavAno prayatna kare che. lekhake bhale temAM kalpita juduM nAma ApyuM hoya, paraMtu sujJa vAcaka te pAtrane tarata oLakhI jAya che ane te pAtranA nirUpaNa pAchaLa rahelA lekhakanA dveSabhAvane paNa pArakhI jAya che. AvI kRtio kyAreka tatkALa sAhitya-saMskArasetu ka 343

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kadAca lokapriya thAya che, paraMtu samaya jatAM tenuM mUlya ghaTI jAya che, kAraNa ke tenA sarjananA mULamAM AnaMda nahIM paNa dveSa rahelo hoya che. jema vyaktigata dhoraNe Ama bane che tema keTalIka vAra, keTalAka lekhakonI kRtiomAM, koI eka jJAti, samAja ke dharma pratyeno dveSa ke pakSapAta pragaTa thAya che. dharma ane dharma vacce, rASTra ane rASTra vacce jyAre gharSaNa UbhuM thAya che tyAre pracArAtmaka sAhitya DhagalAbaMdha pragaTa thAya che. yuddhanA samayamAM kyAreka evuM sAhitya paisA ApIne paNa lakhAvAya che. paisAne khAtara evA pracArAtmaka sAhityanuM sarjana karanArA paNa ghaNA sAcA khoTA sarjako nIkaLI paDe che. paraMtu AvA prakAranuM sAhitya kalAnI dRSTie UtaratuM ane samayanI daSTie alpajIvI hoya che. sAhityanI uttama kRtionuM lakSaNa e che ke te mAnava mAnava vaccenA bhedane gALI nAkhe che. zAMtinA divasomAM to e sahaja che ke potAnAthI vibhinna deza ane prajAnA sAhityanuM rasapAna koI paNa mANasa karI zake che. paNa saMgharSanA samayamAM paNa uttama sAhityakRtio zAMtinA dUtanI jema eka pradezamAMthI bIjA pradezamAM, eka prajAmAMthI bIjI prajAmAM koI paNa rukAvaTa vagara gati karI zake che. bhArate jyAre aMgrejo sAme svataMtratA mATe AMdolana upADyuM tyAre paNa bhAratIya jano zeksapiyara, milTana ke barnArDa zo jevA lekhakone premathI vAMcI zakatA, bIjuM vizvayuddha cAlatuM hatuM tyAre paNa briTananA sAhityarasika prajAjano jarmanInA gaTe ane ITalInA dAnta vagerenI kRtio koI paNa prakAranA pUrvagraha vagara vAMcIne AnaMda anubhavI zakatA hatA. bhArata ane pAkistAna vacce jyAre yuddha cAlatuM hatuM tyAre bhAratIya jano pAkistAnanI gajhalo mANI zakatA hatA. pAkistAna ane baMgalA deza vacce jyAre yuddha thayuM tyAre pAkistAnIo baMgAlI gIto, ravIndranAthanAM gIto sAMbhaLIne AnaMda anubhavI zakatA hatA. AvA aneka prasaMgo darzAve che ke zuddha nirbheLa sAhityanI gatine koI sthULa ke sUkSma sarahado rokI zakatI nathI. uttama sarjanakRtimAM evI zakti paDelI che ke te potAnA bhAvakane zodhIne enA hRdaya sudhI pahoMcI jAya che. koI eka lekhaka, potAnA samayamAM potAnI sAhityakRtio vaDe mahattA prApta kare che tyAre tenA keTalAka samakAlIna lekhako tenI IrSyA karavA lAge che. jUthabaMdhI ke vADAbaMdhI racI teo lekhaka tarIkenuM tenuM mUlya ochuM AMkavAno sabhAna ane dveSapUrvaka prayatna kare che. duniyAnA ghaNA dezomAM ghaNA lekhakone A rIte potAnA samakAlIna lekhakone hAthe sahana karavuM paDyuM hoya evA banAvo banyA che. keTalIka vakhata to lekhakanI potAnI hayAtI sudhI tenI uttama sAhityakRtinI kadara karavAmAM na AvI hoya, kadara thavA devAmAM na AvI hoya evuM paNa bane che. paraMtu satya jaja ja sAhityadarzana

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lAMbA samaya sudhI gupta rAkhI zakAtuM nathI te rahetuM paNa nathI. samaya jatAM satya pragaTa thAya che ane e lekhakanI uttama kRtinI kadara thavA lAge che. saMskRtamAM bhavabhUti kavie kahyuM che : jAnoyam nidhi vipunA 7 pRthvI / daMtakathA pramANe kahevAya che ke bhavabhUtinAM nATakonI tenA pradezamAM, tenA samakAlIna sAhityarasikoe jANyeajANye jyAre kadara na karI tyAre bhavabhUtie AzAvAdI vacano uccAryAM ke, "A pRthvI to vizALa che ane samaya to avadhirahita che. mArI kRtionI kadara mArA pradezanI prajA atyAre karatI nathI, paraMtu huM to evA samAnadharmanI rAha jovA icchuM chuM ke je mArI kRtio vAMcIne rasa anubhavaze. evo samAnadhamAM koIka pradezamAM paNa maLaze, kAraNa ke pRthvI to atyaMta vizALa che; evo samAnadhamAM mane Aje nahi to varSo pachI paNa maLaze, kAraNa ke samaya niravadhi che. sthaLa ane samayanA parimANamAM evo eka samAnadhamAM paNa mane jo maLaze to te mATe huM rAha joIza. mane e maLaze ja evI pUrNa AzAmAM huM kRtakRtyatA anubhavuM chuM." samagra mAnavajAtano vicAra karIe tyAre ApaNane ekatAmAM anekatA ane anekatAmAM ekatAnuM darzana thaze. vaya, jAti, svabhAva, paheraveza, bhASA, raheNIkaraNI, rItarivAja, zikSaNa, rAjyapaddhati, dharma, AzA-AkAMkSA, vepAra-udyoga, bhaugolika paristhiti vagerenI dRSTie mAnava-mAnava vacce apAra vaividhya che. IzvaranI A sRSTimAM be manuSyonA samAna caherA ke AMgaLAMnI samAna chApa paNa jovA maLatAM nathI. eka ja kuTuMbanA cAra ke pAMca sabhyomAM paNa prakRti, ruci ane TevonI bAbatamAM paNa keTaluM badhuM sAmya-vaiSamya jovA maLe che ane chatAM te kuTuMbanA badhA sabhyo ekabIjA pratye prema, Adara tathA saMpathI rahI zake che. Ama, eka ja kuTuMbamAM vividhatAmAM ekatAnuM darzana ApaNane thAya che. kuTuMba e nAnAmAM nAnuM ekama che ke jemAM A ekatAnuM darzana ApaNe karI zakIe chIe. aneka kuTuMbo maLIne eka jJAti ke samAja thAya che. te ja krame rAjya, rASTra, upakhaMDa, khaMDa ane samagra vizvano vicAra karI zakAya. jema kuTuMbanI kakSAe tema jJAti ke samAjanI kakSAe paNa ApaNane ghaNuM vaividhya jovA maLavAnuM. kyAreka temAM saMgharSo paNa thatA hoya che. chatAM temAM ApaNane ekatAnuM darzana thaI zake che. jevI rIte kuTuMba, jJAti ke samAjanI kakSAe, tevI rIte rAjya, rASTra, upakhaMDa, khaMDa ane samagra vizvanI dRSTie ApaNe vividhatA ke anekatAmAM ekatAnuM darzana karI zakIe. koI paNa kuTuMba u52 kudaratasarjita ke mAnavasarjita Apatti AvI paDe che tyAre kuTuMbanA sabhyo aMdaraaMdaranA matabhedo, vicArabhedo, pUrvagraho vagerene bhUlIne eka banI jAya che. eve prasaMge temanAmAM rahelAM prema, sahiSNutA, udAratA, 52kalyANa vagerenA bhAvo jAgRta thAya che ane sAhitya-saMskArasetu 345

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prabaLa bane che. jema kuTuMbanA stare tema jJAti, samAja, rAjya ke rASTranA stare naisargika ke anaisargika bAhya Apatti AvI paDe che tyAre prema ane karuNA, dAna ane davAnA bhAvo te samagra ekamane saghana banAvI de che. bhArata upara 1962mAM jyAre cIne AkramaNa karyuM tyAre bhAratanI samagra prajA mAMhomAMhenA matabhedo bhUlIne eka banI gaI hatI. Ama, ApattinA samayamAM mAnava ja eka banI zakato hoya to te darzAve che ke tenAmAM eka banavAnI yogyatA ane zakti baMne rahelAM to che ja. paraMtu zAMtinA samaye pramAdane kAraNe te potAnI sAhajika yogyatA ane zaktine bhUlI jAya che. zAMtinA samayamAM paNa mAnava mAnava vacce prema ane baMdhutvanI bhAvanA sadA jAgRta rahe to kavio ane tattvaciMtako pRthvI paranA sukhamaya jIvananI je kalpanA kare che te sAkAra bane. mAnava mAnava vacce bAhya dRSTie bheda jarUra che, paraMtu e bhedane be aMtima cheDAethI jo jovAmAM Ave to te ghaNo moTo lAge che. vastutaH gatamAM jema vaividhya che tema sAtatya paNa che. mANasa je sthaLe rahe che tenI AsapAsanA pacIsa-pacAsa ke so mAIlanA vistAramAM rahenArA loko vacce tene koI bhedabhAva dekhAto nathI. keTalIka vakhata to sImA uparanA AvelA paraspara bhinna be rAjyonAM gAmaDAMonI prajA vacce koI bheda jaNAto nathI. kyAreka teo vacce paraspara avarajavara, levaDadevaDa, vepAra, snehasaMparka vagere paNa hoya che. kyAreka to phakta yuddhanA samaye ja teone bhAna thAya che ke teo be paraspara bhinna rASTronA vatanI che. Ama, eka dezamAMthI bIjA dezamAM ane bIjA dezamAMthI trIjA dezamAM ApaNe jhINavaTapUrvakanuM avalokana karatAM cAlyA jaIe to prajA prajA vacce bhASA, paheraveza, raheNIkaraNI, khorAka, rItarivAja vagerenuM keTaluM badhuM sAmya ane sAtatya jovA maLe che ! iMglenDa ke phrAMsanA kinArethI koI pravAsI pagapALA nIkaLe ane eka pachI eka rASTramAM pasAra thato thato dareka sthaLe thoDA thoDA divasa raheto raheto cIna, jApAna ke koriyAnA deza sudhI pahoMce to tene A sAtatyano anubhava thaze. Ama, bAhya dRSTie eka bAju briTana ane phrAMsa to bIjI bAju koriyA ane jApAnanA loko vacce eTaluM badhuM vaiSamya dekhAya ke e vaiSamya pelA pravAsInI najaramAM nahi Ave, kAraNa ke eNe sAtatyano anubhava karyo haze; sAtatyanuM ene darzana thayuM haze ! gatane eka banAvanAra tattvomAM prema e sauthI moTuM tattva che. jyAM prema hoya che tyAM vaiSamya zamI jAya che. badhAMnI sAthe ekatAno anubhava thAya che. badhAMmAM potAnuM ja pratibiMba dekhAya che, balka potAnuM ja darzana thAya che. kavio, navalakathAkAro, nATakakAro vagere sAhityakAro jo A vizvapremanA 46 ka sAhityadarzana

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tattvane pArakhI zake, potAnAmAM utArI zake ane potAnI sarjanakRti dvArA abhivyakta karI zake to mAnava mAnava vaccenI ekatA sAdhavAmAM teo nimitta banI ghaNo mUlyavAna phALo ApI zake. koI paNa sarjaka potAnI sarjanakRtinuM nirmANa kare che tyAre te potAnI pratibhA vaDe, anubhava ane kalpanAnuM eka suMdara saMyojana taiyAra kare che. sarjaka e paNa eka mAnava che. rAtadivasa tene saMsAramAM vividha anubhavo thayA kare che. potAnA kuTuMbanA sabhyo sAthenA vyavahArathI mAMDIne, nokarI ke dhaMdhAne kAraNe ene anekavidha anubhavo thatA hoya che, tenA citta upara anekavidha saMskAro paDatA hoya che. sarjaka jyAre sarjana karavA bese che tyAre te bhale Azraya kalpanAno le, paraMtu teno anubhava temAM pravezyA vagara rahI zakato nathI. sarjakanuM jIvana jeTaluM anubhavasamRddha ane sarjakanI kalpanA jeTalI sateja teTale aMze tenI sarjanakRti vizALa ane vaividhyabharyA phalakavALI banavAnI. potAnA anubhavonuM kalpanA vaDe jyAre te potAnA cittamAM purnasarjana kare che tyAre temAM eka evI prakriyA thAya che ke te anubhavo mAtra sarjakanA potAnA ja na rahetAM saunA banI jAya che. AthI ja koI eka sarjake lakhelI kavitA, vArtA ke navalakathA bIjA vAcako sudhI koI paNa aMtarAya vagara pahoMcI zake che. sAcI sarjanakRtinI kasoTI e che ke koI paNa adhikArI bhAvaka tenI sAthe AtmIyatA sAdhI zake che. jagatamAM prema ane karuNA, dAna ane dayA, udAratA ane udAttatA, samabhAva ane sahiSNutA vagere zubha bhAvo ane krodha, IrSA, ahaMkAra, dhRNA, krUratA, asahiSNutA, svArtha, lAlasA, daMbha vagere azubha bhAvo sArvabhauma che; sarvatra te anubhavAya che. pariNAme eka dezanI prajAnA sAhityane bIjA dezanI prajA sahaja rIte AsvAdI zake che. kalAkAra jyAre kalAkRtinuM sarjana kare che tyAre tenA cittamAM sAdhAraNIkaraNano eka evo vyApAra cAle che ke jene lIdhe kalAkRtinI apIla sArvabhauma (Universal) banI rahe che. AthI ja uttama sAhityakRtiono AsvAda karatI vakhate vAcakane te pradezanuM temAM paDeluM pratibiMba aMtarAyarUpa banatuM nathI. mULa kRtinuM jeTaluM sauMdarya che te anuvAdamAM UtaratuM nathI e sAcuM, topaNa bhASAnI muzkelIne kAraNe koI uttama sAhityakRtie bIjA pradezamAM gati karI na hoya evuM banyuM nathI. jyAM sAhityakRti che tyAM potApaNAno bhAva thAya che. uttama sAhityakRtio sthaLa ane kALanA parimANane bhedIne bahAra nIkaLI jAya che. rAmAyaNa ane mahAbhArata jevAM prAcInatama mahAkAvyo, kAlidAsa ane zeksapiyaranAM nATako vagere mahAna kRtio saraLatAthI AkhI duniyAmAM pahoMcI gaI che. sAhitya-saMskArasetu 347

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yuropa, eziyA, AphrikA, osTreliyA ane amerikA e pAMca khaMDomAM bhASA, sAhitya, saMskAra, vastI vagere dRSTie yuropa ane eziyAnuM mahattva ghaNuM moTuM che. AphrikA, amerikA ane osTreliyA e traNa khaMDo mahAsAgaramAM svataMtra khaMDo che, jyAre yuropa ane eziyA vacce evo koI mahAsAgara nathI. A be khaMDo e vastutaH eka mahAkhaMDanuM ja - yureziyAnuM - vibhAjana che. eziyAnI sarahada kyAM pUrI thAya che ane yuropanI sarahada kyAMthI zarU thAya che te nakkI karavuM saheluM nathI. duniyAmAM sauthI vadhu bolAtI bhASA, duniyAnAM sauthI vadhu rASTro A mahAkhaMDamAM AvelAM che. A mahAkhaMDanI prAcInatA paNa eTalI ja che. A mahAkhaMDamAM ja bhArata, grIsa, ijipta, mesepoTemiyA, roma vagerenI prAcIna saMskRtio vikAsa pAmI che. duniyAnI sauthI vadhu vasati A mahAkhaMDamAM che. gaI sadInA keTalAka vicArakone ema lAgatuM hatuM ke yuropa ane eziyA vacce kyAreya sumeLa thaI na zake, kAraNa ke baMnenI saMskRti ane saMskAra alaga alaga che. kavi kIrDiMge kahyuM che : East is East and West is West; The twine shall never meet. paraMtu kavinA e kathanane vartamAna pravAho jhaDapathI khoTuM pADI rahyA che. pazcimanI saMskRti bhautika sukha-sagavaDomAM rAcanArI, janmajanmAMtaramAM na mAnanArI che. eziyAnI saMskRti janmajanmAMtaramAM mAnanArI ane bhautika sukhasagavaDo karatAM AMtarika AdhyAtmika zAMtinI khoja mATe mathAmaNa karanArI che. paraMtu vartamAna samayamAM jeTa vimAnonI avarajavarane kAraNe, prajA-prajA vacce saMparka ane saMmizraNa jhaDapathI vadhI rahyAM che. rASTra ke saMskRtinA bhedo jhaDapathI bhUMsAI rahyA che. ekabIjAnA saMskAra pratye samabhAva janmyo che ane ekabIjAne AdarapUrvaka samajavAno prayatna paNa thavA lAgyo che. eziyA ane yuropane ekabIjAnI vadhu najIka lAvanAra ane ekabIjAne samajavAmAM madadarUpa thanAra sauthI mahattvanuM jo koI mAdhyama hoya to te sAhitya che. vartamAna sAhityakAra pAse navI dizAo khUlI che. anubhavanAM navAM parimANo UbhAM thayAM che. eno uttama viniyoga karIne e evA sAhityanuM nirmANa karI zake che ke je yuropa ane eziyAnA saMskAra vacce, amerikA, osTreliyA ane AphrikAnA saMskAra vacce arthAtu khaMDakhaMDanA saMskAra vacce setu samAna banI rahe. bhUtakALanA sAhitya, enI keTalIka maryAdAo sAthe A kArya pAra pADyuM che. bhaviSya A paDakAra vadhu utsAha ane vadhu tAkAtathI jhIlI levAno raheze ! ja8 sAhityadarzana

Page #399
lekhakano zabda koI lekhakanuM lakhANa acAnaka jagatamAM kevo utpAta macAvI de che tenuM eka dRSTAMta briTanamAM vaselA lekhaka salamAna razadInI "Satanic Verses' nAmanI navalakathAe pUruM pADyuM che. IrAnanA te samayanA sUtradhAra AyAtollAha khaumenIe salamAna razadIne motanI sajA pharamAvI ethI jagatanA dezomAM enA gherA pratyAghAto paDyA, briTana ane IrAna vaccenA rAjadvArI saMbaMdho gaMbhIra rIte bagaDyA. salamAna razadIne koI mArI nAkhe nahi te mATe briTananI sarakAre salAmatInAM kaDaka pagalAM lIdhAM, paraMtu te daramiyAna bhArata, pAkistAna ane anya dezomAM maLIne pacAsathI vadhu mANasoe e nimitte thayelAM ramakhANomAM potAnA prANa gumAvyA. lekhakano zabda sIdhI ke ADakatarI rIte ghora hiMsAnuM nimitta kevI rIte bane che te AnA uparathI joI zakAya che. vidhinI karuNa vicitratA to e che ke potAnA prANano bhoga ApanArAoe ke sajA karanAra khuda khImenIe jAte salamAna razadInuM e pustaka vAMcyuM nahotuM. duniyAmAM kyAreka koIka lekhakanI kRti upara pratibaMdha mUkavAmAM Avyo hoya evI ghaTanA navI nathI. keTalIka vAra to lekhakane enA graMthane mATe kedamAM pUravAmAM paNa AvyA che. ghaNI vAra to adAlatamAM kAyadesara kAma calAvyA vinA tema karavAmAM Ave che. moTA bhAganA AvA kedIo rAjyasattAnI viruddha uzkeraNIbharyuM lakhANa lakhavAne mATe jelavAsa bhogavatA hoya che. kyAreka sattApalaTo thAya tyAre evA lekhaka-kedIo mukta thAya che ane navI sattAnI viruddha lakhanArA jelamAM jAya che. saramukhatyArazAhI dezomAM AvuM vizeSa banI rahyuM che. vartamAna samayamAM duniyAbharamAM judA judA dezomAM maLIne saheje lekhakano zabda 349

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savAsothI vadhu lekhako potAno graMtha lakhavA mATe jelavAsa bhogave che. P.E.N.nI AMtararASTrIya oNphisamAM AvA lekhakonI sattAvAra mAhitI maLatI hoya che (je adhUrI hoya che) ane e saMsthA dvArA vakhatovakhata te te sarakAro sAme virodha vyakta thAya che. moTA bhAganA lekhaka-kedIo sAmyavAdI dezomAM ane lazkarI saramukhatyArazAhIvALA dezomAM che. vANIsvAtaMtryanI himAyata karanArA lekhakomAM paNa aTapaTuM rAjakAraNa cAlatuM hoya che. duzmana rASTranA lekhaka pratye teo sahAnubhUti darzAve che ane teone choDI mUkavAnI darakhAsta kare che, paraMtu potAnA rASTranA lekhakono prazna Ave tyAre temAMnA keTalAka irAdApUrvaka mauna seve che. badhA lekhakomAM eTalI naitika hiMmata hotI nathI ane jelavAsa ke mRtyuno Dara evA lekhakone cUpa karI de che. lekhakanI kRti pratibaMdhita thAya ane lekhakane jelamAM pUravAmAM Ave eTalI sajAthI AgaLa vadhIne have lekhakane mArI nAkhavAno hukama thAya tyAM sudhI vAta vadhI che. sAruM che ke salamAna 2zadI briTana jevA lokazAhImAM ane vANIsvAtaMtryamAM mAnanA2 dezamAM vase che. jo te IrAnamAM vasatA hota to Avo graMtha lakhI na zakyA hota ane lakhyo hota to dharmAMda lokoe ane sarakAre temane jIvatA rahevA na dIdhA hota. bIjA dezanA lekhaka nAgarikane, nyAyAlayano Azraya lIdhA vinA, mananI marajIthI dehAMtadaMDanI sajA pharamAvavI e AMtararASTrIya kSetre eka navI ja ghaTanA che. evI sajA uccAravI te madhyayugIna mAnasanI, nirdayatAnI, adhamatAnI, jaMgalIpaNAnI, sArAsAra vivekanA abhAvanI nizAnI che. irAdApUrvaka thayelAM badanakSIbharyAM lakhANa mATe paNa mRtyunI sajA nathI to vANIsvAtaMtrya dharAvatA lekhakane tevI sajA kema thaI zake ? alabatta, salamAna razadIe je kaMI lakhyuM che te badhuM barAbara che ema to vagara abhyAsa karyo kema kahI zakAya ? atyAre to prazna lekhaka tarIkenI emanI svataMtratAno che ane e mATe vizvamata temanI tarapheNamAM che e sAruM che. 'saitAnika varsisa' eka sarjanAtmaka aitihAsika navalakathA che. itihAsa ane aitihAsika navalakathA vacce svarUpagata taphAvata che. itihAsamAM itihAsakAro pramANabhUta hakIkato ApavA mATe baMdhAyelA che. aitihAsika navalakathAno sarjaka potAnI kalpanA pramANe navA prasaMgonuM ke navAM kAlpanika pAtronuM sarjana karI zake che ane bhUmikArUpe potAnI kalpanAnuM vAtAvaraNa paNa jamAvI zake che. Ama chatAM sarjakanI kalpanAne paNa maryAdA rahe che. aitihAsika navalakathA karatAM dhArmika viSayanI paurANika navalakathAmAM kalpanAne vadhu avakAza rahe che, kAraNa ke purANomAM dastAvejI 350 sAhityadarzana

Page #401
ItihAsa bahu hoto nathI. paraMtu bIjI bAju dhArmika kathAvastunA kSetre rAma ane kRSNa, mahAvIra ane buddha, Izu khrista ane mahaMmada payagaMbara jevAM keTalAMka pAtro lokomAM evAM pavitra ane pUjanIya, ArAdhya deva jevAM banI gayAM hoya che ke temanA vize kalpanA dvArA viparIta lakhavA jatAM lokamAnasane AghAta pahoMce che. bhagavAna rAma vizenI paurANika navalakathA lakhatI vakhate koI lekhaka potAnI kalpanA calAvIne rAmane ghaNI rANIvALA, viSayI ane laMpaTa batAve to lokamAnasa te sahana na karI zake. dharmakSetra eTaluM badhuM saMvedanazIla che ke temAM lekhaka potAnI kalpanAthI ceDAM karavA jAya to tene potAne sahana karavAno vakhata Ave. kalAnuM satya sahRdaya vAcakanA hRdayanI bhAvapratIti upara nirbhara hoya che. eTale lekhaka potAnI kalpanAno game teTalo bacAva kare, kadAca dastAvejI purAvA rajU kare topaNa te kalAkRti pote saphaLa sarjanakati banI zakatI nathI. aitihAsika ane paurANika kathAkRtionA aitihAsika satya vize sarjakanI kalpanA vize ghaNAM judAM judAM pAsAMonI tapAsa thaI zake che, thayelI paNa che. samartha lekhakone paNa potAnAM deza, jAti, jJAti, bhASA, dharma vagerenAM tIvra abhinivezayukta ke Asaktiyukta vaLagaNo rahevAno saMbhava che. evA samartha lekhako kyAreka lakhavA bese che tyAre jANatAM ke ajANatAM paNa abhiniveza, pUrvagraha, dveSa, durAgraha ke DaMkhathI lakhavA prerAya che. evuM jyAre lakhAya che tyAre lekhaka jANatAMajANatAM samatulA gumAve che. enA lakhANanA mAThA pratyAghAto paDe che. emAM paNa lekhaka jyAre potAnA ke anyanA dharmane dveSapUrvaka halako cItaravAno prayatna kare che tyAre teno jabaro uhApoha ane pratikAra thAya che. koI vAra te hiMsaka AMdolanamAM pariName che. keTalIka vAra lekhakanA potAnA ghaDataramAM potAnA ja vaDIlo, zikSako, dharmaguruo, sAmAjika ke rAjadvArI netAo dvArA bhAre satAmaNI thaI hoya che tyAre tevA lekhako jANatAM ke ajANatAM tenuM zabda dvArA vera levA pravRtta thAya che. zakya eTalI varavI bhASAmAM zakya teTaluM varavuM citra doravA teo udyama kare che. AvuM jyAre thAya che tyAre lekhakanuM pUrve ghavAyeluM vyaktitva tenA lakhANamAMthI pragaTa thayA vinA rahetuM nathI. joke sAmAnya vAcakone teno khyAla na Ave te saMbhavita che, paraMtu jANakAro ane anubhavI vivecako to tenI kRtimAMthI AvatI durgadhane pArakhI jAya che. evA vikRta nirUpaNanuM sAhityika dRSTie bahu mUlya hotuM nathI. jIvana ane sAhityanAM vibhinna kSetromAM vakhatovakhata navI vicAradhArA ke navIna nirUpaNathI khaLabhaLATa mace che. koI paNa lekhaka sAmAjika, rAjakIya, zaikSaNika lekhakano zabda che 351

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ke vaijJAnika viSayo upara ke tenA siddhAMto upara athavA te kSetranI vyaktio upara ADAavaLA prahAro kare to pramANamAM tenA pratyAghAto ochA paDe che ane tevA pratyAghAto ekaMdare hiMsaka svarUpa letA nathI. barnADa zo, baTrenDa rasela, mArkasa volTara, phroIDa vagere ciMtakoe potapotAnA viSayomAM samAja upara mArmika ane AghAtajanaka prahAro karyA che, topaNa samAje te eka navI vicArasaraNI che ema samajIne nabhAvI lIdhA che. samaya jatAM evA keTalAka prahAronuM vismaraNa thaI jAya che ane enuM mUlya ochuM thaI jAya che. paraMtu bIjAM kSetro karatAM dharmanuM kSetra vadhu saMvedanazIla che, kAraNa ke lokonI daSTie te eka pavitra kSetra che. jema koI sAmAnya mANasa karatAM koI pavitra saMtamahAtmA upara thayelA humalAno loko dvArA jabaro, pratikAra thAya che, tema dharmanA viSaya upara thayelA prahArano paNa jabaro pratikAra thAya che. emAM satya ane nyAya kayA pakSe che teno ocho vicAra thAya che. paraMtu gharSa utare pheM' eTalA zabdo sAMbhaLatAM ja keTalAya loko, mAsa hisTiriyAnI jema, praznano abhyAsa karyA vinA, dharmane mATe potAnA prANa ApavA nIkaLI paDe che. duniyAnA itihAsamAM dharmane mATe thayelAM yuddho ochAM nathI. eTalA mATe ja dhArmika viSayo upara lakhanAra lekhakanI sAmAjika dRSTie ghaNI moTI javAbadArI UbhI thAya che. lokazAhImAM mAnanAra tathA satya ane nyAyane mAna ApanAra sudharelA, suzikSita, Adhunika loko paNa potAnA dharmanI vAta Ave tyAre bacAva kare che, AvezamAM AvI jAya che ane kyAreka to Akramaka ke hiMsaka banI jAya che. temane tyAre satyanuM darzana thatuM nathI ane thatuM hoya to te gamatuM nathI. satya jIravavuM saheluM nathI. vaLI dareka prasaMge saMpUrNa satya prakAzita thAya ja che evuM nathI. vaLI, satya prakAzita thAya e vyakti, samAja ke rASTranA hitamAM keTalIka vAra hotuM nathI. satyanuM gopana keTalIka vAra vyAvahArika dRSTie jarUrI banI jAya che. lokazAhI rASTramAM paNa lazkarI saMrakSaNanI badhI ja vigato jAheramAM mUkI zakAya nahi. kyAreka temAM lokahitanI dRSTie asatyano paNa Azaro levAya che. vyakti, kuTuMba ke samAjanI badhI ja bAbato satyanA nAme jAheramAM mUkavAnuM hitAvaha hotuM nathI. eve prasaMge potAne maLelI mAhitI sapanA nAme ke vANIsvAtaMtranA nAme koI jAheramAM mUkavA jAya to tenA mitra ke viparIta pratyAghAto paDyA vagara rahe nahi. dareka vyakti, kuTuMba, samAja, rASTra ane dharmanI kaMIka ne kaMIka nabaLI bAbato hoya che. jema daradInA ghA jAheramAM sApha karavAthI jonAra keTalAkane cItarI caDe che tema AvI nabaLI bAbato jAheramAM mUkavAthI tenAM pariNAmo asubhaga para A sAhityadarzana

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AvavAnI dahezata rahe che. AvA prasaMge lekhake pote pUrepUruM aucitya ane tATasthya jALavIne javAbadArIpUrvaka potAno zabda prayojavo joIe evI apekSA rahe che. vividha kAraNosara duniyAmAM keTalAya graMtho saikAothI pratibaMdhita thatA AvyA che. keTalIka vAra pratibaMdhane kAraNe ja graMtha vadhu mazahUra banI jAya che ane jemane vAMcavAmAM rasa na hoya evA aneka loko te vAMcavA mATe utsuka bane che. keTalIka vArtA ke navalakathAmAM thoDuMka azlIla lakhANa hoya ke je bahu dhyAna kheMcatuM na hoya topaNa eka vakhata sa2kA2 enA upara pratibaMdha pharamAve ke tarata keTalAya loko game tyAMthI paNa e graMtha meLavIne vAMce che. keTalIka vAra to lekhaka pote ja icchato hoya che ke potAnA graMtha upara pratibaMdha Ave to sAruM ke jethI potAnI acAnaka ghaNIbadhI khyAti thaI jAya. keTalIka vAra rAjyasattAnI viruddhanA lakhANane kA2Ne koIka graMtha upa2 pratibaMdha Ave che, paraMtu samaya jatAM enI bahu mahattA rahetI nathI. briTiza sarakAre AjhAdInI caLavaLa vakhate pratibaMdhita karelA keTalAya graMtho atyAre vAMcavAmAM lokone bahu rasa paDato nathI. tevI ja rIte azlIla hovAne kAraNe pratabaMdhita thayelA paNa pAchaLathI mukta thayelA evA keTalAka graMtho pachIthI vAcakomAM bahu AkarSaNa jamAvI zakyA nathI. prAcIna samayamAM jyAre mAtra hastalikhita prato hatI tyAre nabaLA, anadhikRta dveSayukta graMthonA pracArane bahu avakAza nahoto. evo graMtha lakhAya topaNa tenI bahu nakalo thaI zakatI nahi, ane vadhu loko sudhI te graMtha pahoMcato nahi. eTale tenI vAta maryAdita vartuLomAM zamI jatI. evA graMtho jaladI naSTa thaI jatA. lekhakanI hayAtI pachI tenI pharI nakala karavAno prazna raheto nahi. vartamAna samayamAM pracAramAdhyamo vadhyAM che. dainiko ane sAmayiko duniyAbharamAM lAkho-karoDonI saMkhyAmAM rojeroja chapAya che. e darekane kaMIka ne kaMIka lekhanasAmagrI rojeroja joIe che. te mATe sArA puraskAra paNa apAya che. lekhana-sarjana e mAtra nijAnaMdanI pravRtti na rahetAM vadhu ane vadhu vyAvasAyika pravRtti banavA lAgI che. ene lIdhe duniyAbharamAM lAkho lekhako roja kaMIka ne kaMIka lakhatA rahe che. keTalAka to vadhu kamAvA mATe kaMIka ne kaMIka sanasanATIbharyuM lakhavAnuM zodhI kADhe che. mudraNakalAnA vikAsa sAthe graMthonI nakalo paNa hajAro-lAkhonI saMkhyAmAM chapAvA lAgI che. bIjI bAju rojeroja chapAtAM dainika chApAMo, sAmayiko, copAniyAMo ane prAsaMgika graMtho sahita ghaNI moTI sAmagrI kacarAne lAyaka banI jAya che. ghaDIkamAM te kALagrasta thaI jAya che. ATalA badhA vyApaka dhoraNe jyAre lekhakano zabda 353

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lekhanapravRtti duniyAmAM cAlatI hoya tyAre sajjatA ane adhikAra vinAnA asaMkhya lekhako phAve tema lakhavA lAge e svAbhAvika che. dainika chApAMomAM keTalAMye carcApatro jyAre vAMcIe chIe tyAre jANakAra mANasone Azcarya thAya che ke aho keTalA badhA mANasonuM keTalI badhI bAbatomAM rojeroja jAheramAM keTaluM badhuM ajJAna pradarzita thAya che. carcApatra lakhanArAonAM ajJAnanI cakAsaNI karavA jeTalI sajjatA keTalIka vAra enA taMtrIvibhAgamAM paNa hotI nathI. pariNAme ajJAnanA nAnAmoTA vaMToLa dainika ane sAmayikonAM carcApatro dvArA vAraMvAra UThyA karatAM hoya che. jema carcApatro ane lekhomAM keTalAya lekhakonI potAnA viSayanI abhyAsazUnyatAnAM darzana thAya che tema vibhinna viSayonA lalita ke lalitetara evA keTalAka graMtho te te lekhakanA ajJAnanI ke apUrNa sajjatAnI cADI khAtA hoya che. vartamAna samayamAM lekhananA kSetre A eka moTI samasyA che. lekhakonI anadhikAra ceSTA uttarottara vadhatI jAya che. sAhityanA kSetre lekhakanA vANIsvAtaMtryanI himAyata vartamAna jagatamAM ghaNI thAya che. eka lekhakane potAne je kahevuM hoya te kahevAne mATe te svataMtra hovo joIe. tene koI baMdhana na hovAM joIe. A siddhAMtano asvIkAra thaI zake nahi. thavA devo paNa na joIe. lokazAhInA udaya pachI vizvanA lekhako potAnI A svataMtratA mATe vadhu sabhAna banyA che e sAcuM che. Ama chatAM lekhakane pakSe mAtra svataMtratAno ja vicAra karavo e paryApta nathI. lekhaka potAnI kRti samAjamAM mUke che tenI sAthe ja e kRti enI aMgata mAlikInI na rahetAM samAjanI mAlikInI bane che. eTale sAmAjika parimANo ene moDAMvahelAM svIkAravAM ja paDe che. vaLI lekhaka samAjano ane rASTrano eka vadhu javAbadAra nAgarika hovAthI tenI pAsethI keTalIka javAbadArInI ane sajjatAnI apekSA rAkhI zakAya che. lekhaka thayo eTale mAtra vANIsvAtaMtrya ja bhogave eTaluM basa nathI. ene potAne potAnI javAbadArInuM paNa bhAna hovuM joIe. enI svataMtratA svacchaMdatAmAM na pariNamavI joIe. enI sarjaka-kalpanA samAja, rASTra ke dharma uparanA bejavAbadAra, gaMdA dveSabharyA zabdaprahAromAM na pariNamavI joIe. jema lekhaka vadhu prasiddha ane enI bhASAnuM kSetra jema vadhu vizALa tema enA zabdanA sArAmAThA pratyAghAtone vadhu avakAza rahe che. eTale ja pratibhAsaMpanna samartha lekhakonI potAnA zabda mATenI vizeSa javAbadArI rahe che. khoTo ke kharAba AzayathI bolAyelo temano eka zabda paNa ghaNA mAThA pratyAghAto janmAvI zake che. 354 * sAhityadarzana

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sAhityanA kSetre potAnA zabda dvArA bAhya sthUla uzkerATa ke khaLabhaLATa macAvavo e bahu agharI vAta nathI. adhakacarA lekhako paNa potAnA varavA zabdo dvArA tema karI zake che. potAnA udAtta, aucityapUrNa, mArmika ane preraka zabda dvArA saikAo sudhI asaMkhya lokonAM haiyAMmAM sukumAra saMvedano gAvavA mATe ghaNI moTI sarjaka-pratibhAnI jarUra rahe che. mAnavajAtane sthUla hiMsA tarapha uzakeranArA sAhityanuM sarjana karavA karatAM AvA sAhityanuM sarjana karavuM e ghaNI agharI vAta che. hajAro varSa sudhI mAnavajAta mATe dIvAdAMDIrUpa banI rahe evA mUlyavAna, amara sAhityanuM sarjana to lAkho-karoDo mANasomAMthI koIka kadAca karI zake to karI zake ! (sAMprata sahaciMtana-3) lekhakano zabda che 355

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21 bhASA-sAhityanuM adhyayana-adhyApana manuSya pAse Itara prANIo karatAM vikasita mana ane vikasita vAcA che. bhASAnA mAdhyama vaDe ja manuSya-manuSya vacceno vyavahAra enI uttama koTie pahoMcI zakyo che. enA vaDe ja manuSya sthULa padArtho ane sUkSmatattvonuM rahasya pAmI zake che. enA dvArA ja sthaLa ane kALanI maryAdA oLaMgIne manuSya bIjA manuSya sAthe sUkSma saMbaMdha sthApI zake che. bhASAmAM apAra zakti rahelI che. bhASAnuM mUlya je samaje che te ja samaje che. samagra jagatano vyavahAra eTale vANIno vistAra. aneka zAstronI utpatti A vANImAMthI thaI che. manuSyanuM manuSyapaNuM vANI vaDe siddha thayuM che. bhASAmAM vividha prakAranI zakti che. pratyeka zabdamAM, pratyeka varNamAM te zakti rahelI che ema kahevAmAM paNa atizayokti nathI. bhASAnA marmane samajanArane A vAtanI tarata pratIti thaze. "sa sUttao anaMtI kaththo - (eka sUtranA anaMta artha thAya che) ema jaina zAstromAM kahevAyuM che te yathArtha che. bhASAnI A mahattAne kAraNe ja TheTha prAcIna samayathI bhASAnA adhyayanane zikSaNamAM mahattvanuM sthAna apAtuM AvyuM che. duniyAnI tamAma bhASAomAM saMskRta bhASA jevI koI saghana, gahana, vyavasthita ane vaijJAnika bhASA nathI. dvivacana to mAtra saMskRta, bhASAmAM jeTalo che teTalo duniyAnI bIjI koI bhASAmAM nathI. paMDito, vidvAnonI bhASA te saMskRta ane Ama janatAnI bhASA te prAkRta. saMskRta ane prAkRta bhASAmAM lakhAyeluM sAhitya e ApaNo amUlya vAraso che. eTalA mATe ja saMskRta, prAkRtanA adhyayanane 356 : sAhityadarzana

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duniyAnI judI judI yunivarsiTIomAM mahattvanuM sthAna apAyuM che. paraMtu khedanI vAta e che ke bhArata bahAra jyAre yunivarsiTI-kakSAe eno abhyAsa vadhato cAlyo che tyAre khuda bhAratanI keTalIka yunivarsiTIomAM saMskRta bhASAnA adhyayanane jeTaluM mahattva apAvuM joIe teTaluM hamaNAM apAtuM nathI. yunivarsiTImAM badhA ja viSayone Arthika dRSTie pagabhara banAvavAnuM sarakArI valaNa keLavaNInI vyApaka dRSTino abhAva sUcave che. bhASAnA adhyayanathI mANasanA potAnA vicArone spaSTa karavAnI zakti khIle che. eka ja zabdanA judA judA artha hoya athavA najIka najIkanI arthachAyAvALA judA judA zabdo hoya temAMthI kayA zabdanI pasaMdagI karavI ane vAkyamAM tene kayAM sthAna ApavuM enA prayoga ke mahAvarAthI mANasanI tarkazakti ane sUkSma buddhi vikase che. bhASAmAM lakhAyelA sAhityanA adhyayanathI mANasano bauddhika vikAsa thAya che, tenA hRdayanI sukumAratA vadhe che, tenI pratibhA ghaDAya che, tenAmAM saMskAranuM siMcana thAya che, tenI sArAsAra vivekanI daSTi keLavAya che, tenA zIlanuM ghaDatara thAya che ane krame krame manuSyamAM rahelA pAzavI aMzonuM nigaraNa thatAM tenuM manuSyatva zuddha ane saMskArI bane che. manuSyamAMthI deva banAvavAnI zakti bhASA-sAhityanA parizIlanamAM rahelI che. vartamAna samayamAM vaijJAnika zodha ane jhaDapI avarajavarane lIdhe eka dezanI uttama sAhityakRti bIjA dezamAM jhaDapathI pahoMcI jaI zake che. ekavIsamI sadInA mANasane duniyAnI uttamottama sAhityakRtio - kalAkRtio ghera beThAM mANavA maLaze. keTalAya sAhityakArono paricaya emanA vAstavika svarUpamAM emanA potAnA ja avAjamAM maLavA lAgyo che ane vadhu maLaze. AvatI kAlanA mANasane sAhitya meLavavAnI muzkelI karatAM pasaMdagInI mUMjhavaNano prazna vadhu satAvaze. eka jiMdagImAM vAMcatAM-sAMbhaLatAM pUruM na thAya eTaluM uttama sAhitya upalabdha thaI rahyuM che. A prasaMge e sAhitya pratye potAnA diladimAganI bArI baMdha karI denAranA jevo bIjo kamabhAgI koNa hoI zake? chellA traNeka dAyakAmAM bhautika vijJAna, arthakAraNa, vANijya, samAjavijJAna ityAdi kSetramAM eTalI badhI pragati thaI che ke duniyAbharanI yunivarsiTIomAM uttarottara navA navA viSayo dAkhala thatA jAya che. jJAna-vijJAnanI vibhinna zAkhAo vacce tulanAtmaka adhyayana paNa vadhavA lAgyuM che. jema vasati vadhatI jAya che tema yunivarsiTIonAM adhyayanakSetro paNa vadhatAM jAya che. AmAMnA ghaNAkharA viSayonA bhASA-sAhityanuM adhyayana adhyApana - 357

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adhyayana pachI vidyArthIone AjIvikAnuM bahoLuM sAdhana pragatizIla dezomAM sAMpaDI rahe che. bhArata jevA dezamAM ati vasati ane bekArIne kA2Ne vidyArthIonuM lakSya saMskAralakSI keLavaNI karatAM tvarita arthopArjana karAve evI vyavahAralakSI keLavaNI levA tarapha divase divase vadhatuM jAya che. bhASAsAhityano viSaya eka evo viSaya che ke jemAM arthopArjanane avakAza pramANamAM ocho che. abhyAsa pachI zikSaNa ke patrakAratva jevAM be-traNa kSetramAM sAdhAraNa AjIvikA sAMpaDe eTalo maryAdita avakAza hovAne kAraNe vidyArthIo tenA tarapha na AkarSAya te dekhItuM che. temanAM mAtApitAne paNa e bahu gamatI vAta na hoya; jeo bhASAnA adhyApananA viSayamAM paDelA che teo paNa potAnAM saMtAnone e viSayanuM adhyayana snAtaka ke anusnAtaka kakSAe karAvavA bahu rAjI hotA nathI. DaoNkTarano dIkaro DaoNkTara thAya, vakIlano dIkaro vakIla thAya, enjiniyarano dIkaro enjiniyara thAya to potAno vyAvasAyika vAraso sacavAyAno saMtoSa emane thaze, paraMtu bhASA-sAhityanA adhyApakomAM tema banatuM nathI. gujarAtI viSayano ja vicAra karIe to prazna thaze ke chellA cArapAMca dAyakAmAM gujarAtI viSayanA keTalA adhyApakoe potAnAM saMtAno pAse kaoNleja ane yunivarsiTImAM gujarAtI viSaya levaDAvyo che ? be-traNa apavAda sivAya koI ja nahi. apavAda paNa anya viSayanI azaktine kAraNe haze ! evI ja paristhiti saMskRta, hindI, marAThI, tAmiLa ke baMgALI jevA viSayomAM paNa jovA maLaze. eTale ja vidyArthIomAM bhASAnA adhyayana pratye rasa-ruci keLavAya e mATe e kSetramAM AjIvikAnI dRSTie AkarSaka evAM sthAno UbhAM thavAM joIe. ema thaze to ja bhASAsAhityanA adhyayana mATe vidyArthIomAM AkarSaNa janmaze. duniyAnI tamAma sarakAro saMrakSaNa pachI bIje naMbare sauthI vadhu kharca kare che zikSaNanI bAbatamAM. bhArata jevA dezamAM ghaNI bhASA, ghaNAM rAjyo ane ati vasatinA saMkula praznone kAraNe zikSaNa pAchaLa kharcavA mATe pUratAM nANAMnA abhAvano prazna to sa2kA2ne satAve che, paraMtu je nANAM kharcAya che te paNa pUrAM UgI nIkaLatAM nathI. keLavaNInA kSetre aneka prayogo ane khoTAM anukaraNo thAya che. ethI samaya, zakti ane dhana veDaphAI jAya che. bekArInuM pramANa ghaNuM moTuM hovAne kA2Ne saMskAralakSI keLavaNIne badale vyavahAralakSI keLavaNI levA tarapha yuvaka-yuvatIonI doTa samajAya tevI che. paraMtu tema chatAM vyavahAralakSI keLavaNImAM bhASAsAhitya ane evA itara viSayonA adhyayanane jo sAMkaLI levAya to baMneno hetu sAcavI zakAya. 358 sAhityadarzana

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paraMtu ApaNe tyAM zikSaNanA kSetre paNa rAjadvArI tattvonI ane azaikSaNika vicArazaraNIonI dakhalagIrI ghaNo bhAga bhajave che, jeno bhoga bane che bicArA vidyArthIo, vartamAna zikSaNanAM kathaLelAM dhoraNone kAraNe rASTranA karoDo yuvAnonI kArakirdI jhAMkhI banI jAya che. jaDamULathI keTalAka pheraphAro jyAM sudhI nahIM thAya tyAM sudhI A asahya paristhiti lAcArIthI nabhAvyA vagara chUTako nathI. sAhityanA viSayamAM badhAne ekasarakho rasa paDe evuM hotuM nathI. e mATe viziSTa saMskAra ane pratibhAnI jarUra che. paraMtu evI pratibhAvALA vidyArthIo bIjA viSayomAM kheMcAya che, ane jemane rasaruci na hoya tevA nabaLA vidyArthIo, bIjA viSayomAM praveza na maLavAne kAraNe A viSayomAM lAcArIthI AvI bharAya che. AvA be-cAra TakA je sArA vidyArthIo hoya che temane paNa maMdotsAha karI nAkhe che. ethI ekaMdare bhASAsAhityanA abhyAsanA vAtAvaraNane bahu nukasAna pahoMce che. bhAratanI bIjI bhASAonI sarakhAmaNImAM gujarAtI bhASAnuM zALA-kaoNlejanI kakSAe adhyayana-adhyApana vizeSa kathaLyuM che, evo abhiprAya e kSetramAM kAma karanArA ghaNA anubhavIono che. gujarAtI prajA ekaMdare vepAralakSI hovAne kAraNe potAnAM saMtAnone bhASA-sAhityano viSaya mukhya viSaya tarIke snAtaka-anustAnaka kakSAe ocho levaDAve che. vANijya ane vijJAnanI zAkhAmAM jeTalA vidyArthIo dAkhala thAya che, tenA pramANamAM vinayana zAkhAmAM vidyArthIo ochA dAkhala thAya che. je dAkhala thAya che temAM paNa vidyArthIo karatAM vidyArthinIonI saMkhyA vadhu hoya che. ane temanI sarerAza kakSA paNa ochI tejasvI hoya che. gujarAtI prajAmAM aMgrejI bhASA pratyeno moha vadhu hovAne kAraNe potAnAM saMtAnone aMgrejI mAdhyamavALI zALAomAM mokalavAnuM valaNa paNa vadhatuM jAya che. pariNAme navI peDhImAM ekaMdare gujarAtI bhASA pratyenuM AkarSaNa ghaTatuM jAya che. AjanA vidyArthIomAMthI ja AvatIkAlanA zikSako ke kaoNlejanA adhyApako sAMpaDavAnA paraMtu AjanA vidyArthInI kakSA jo UtaratI haze to AvatI kAlanA adhyApakanI kakSA paNa evI ja UtaratI rahevAnI. bhASA-sAhityanA adhyayanane vadhu rasika ane phaladAyI banAvavuM hoya to sarakAre pote tene anukULa ane poSaka evI zikSaNanIti apanAvavI paDaze. yunivarsiTIoe bhASAnA viSayane vidyArthIo vikalpa kADhI na nAkhe evI rIte abhyAsakrama goThavavo joIe. tejasvI mANaso adhyApana tarapha AkarSAya e mATe adhyApaka tarIkenAM AkarSaka sthAna vadhAravAM joIe. mA-bApoe bhASA pratyeno bhASA-sAhityanuM adhyayana-adhyApana 359

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potAno abhigama badalavo joIze. samAje bhASAsAhityanuM adhyayana karIne nIkaLelA tejasvI vidyArthIone AkarSe evI AjIvikA mATenAM sthAna UbhAM karavAM joIe. vividha sAMskRtika saMsthAoe sAhityane mATe preraka, poSaka ane protsAhaka evI AbohavA sarjAya tevA vividha sAhityika kAryakramo, spardhAo, milano vakhatovakhata yojavAM joIe. A ane AvAM bIjAM preraka ane protsAhaka paribaLo kAma karaze tyAre ja bhASA-sAhityanA adhyayanane vega maLaze. ema thaze to mAtra bhautika stara para jIvatI prajAnuM saMskArateja vadhaze. evuM thaze tyAre ja samAjane ke rASTrane potAnI paristhiti saMtarpaka lAgaze. 360 - sAhityadarzana

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ApaNAM sAmayiko gujarAtI samartha sAmayikono jANe eka yuga AthamI gayo. helInA dhUmaketunI mAThI asara jANe gujarAtI sAhityanA kSetre sAmayiko upara paDI lAge che ! prajAnuM saMskArapoSaNa karanArAM uttama sAmayiko cAlu nathI rahI zakatAM e zocanIya che. Arthika muzkelIno prazna to kharo ja, lekhanasAmagrIno prazna paNa keTaleka aMze kadAca haze, topaNa sArAM sAmayikone mATe TakavAnuM divase divase agharuM thatuM jAya che. bIjI bAju jJAtionI, saMsthAonI ane itara prakAranI keTalIya evI niHsattva patrikAo chapAye jAya che. enI pAchaLa je mudraNakharca thAya che teno vicAra karIe tyAre A vAstavika paristhiti vadhu khedajanaka bane che. koI paNa sAmayikanuM AyuSya yAvadracaMdra jeTaluM na hoI zake. samaya ane paristhiti badalAtAM moDuM ke vaheluM te baMdha paDavAnuM. "Life' jevuM AkhI duniyAmAM pracAra pAmeluM sAmayika paNa baMdha karavAno vakhata Avyo. keTalAka taMtrIone potAnuM sAmayika baMdha paDavAnAM eMdhANa vahelAM jaNAya che. koIka virala taMtrIo potAnI hayAtImAM ja potAnA sAmayikanA prakAzanane baMdha karI devAnuM ucita samaje che, jethI potAnI hayAtI bAda koI ayogya adhikArI vyaktinA hAthamAM te jAya nahi, ane potAnI pratiSThAne jhAMkhapa lagADe nahi. koIka taMtrI potAnI hayAtI pachI paNa potAnuM sAmayika lAMbA samaya sudhI cAlyA kare ane potAnI pratiSThAne uttarottara vadhAryA kare evI sAcI ke mithyA AkAMkSA sevatA hoya che. potAnuM sAmayika baMdha paDe tyAre koIka taMtrIo prasanna ane svastha hoya che; koIka sthitaprajJA rahe che; koI zokavimagna thAya che; koIka udAsIna banI jAya che. vAcakonI paNa evI ja vividha manodazA potAnuM koIka sAmayika baMdha paDe ApaNAM sAmayiko 36 1

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tyAre pravarte che. koIka virala taMtrIo sarjananI jema visarjanano paNa AnaMda mANI zake che. paNa ekaMdare to sAruM sAmayika baMdha thavAnI vAta Ave to UhApoha thAya che, ene jivADavAno prayatna thAya che. du:khI thayelA keTalAka vAcako doDAdoDa karI mUke che. keTalAMka sAmayikonI jIvAdorI Arthika prANavAyunA AdhAre thoDo samaya laMbAya che. koI paNa sAmayika baMdha thAya tyAre dareka vakhate vAcakone, grAhakone, jAherakhabara ApanArI peDhIone, TrasTo ane anya saMsthAo ke sarakArane doSa devApaNuM hotuM nathI. je upayogI che ane samAjanA vizALa hitamAM che te TakyA vagara rahetuM nathI. je parimita vAcakavarganA rasAnaMdano viSaya che tenA astitvano prazna vakhatovakhata Ubho thavAno. dareka navI peDhIne potAnAM navAM sAmayiko cAlu karavAnI hakapUrvakanI mahattvAkAMkSA rahevAnI. jema jema samaya badalAya ane navAM prasAra-mAdhyamo AvavA lAge tema tema dainiko-sAmayikomAM paNa bharatIoTa cAlyA kare. kyAreka paraspara spardhA vadhe tyAre paNa koIkane jhUkavuM paDe, enI pAtratA vadhu sArI hoya topaNa, kAraNa ke AvA prakAranI spardhAmAM vijyI thavA mATe ekalI guNavattA ja kAmanI nathI. sAcI-khoTI pracArapaddhatio paNa emAM bhAga bhajve che. reDiyonA Agamana pachI dainika chApAMo u52 thoDIka asara paDI. TI. vI.nA Agamana pachI reDiyonA kAryakramanuM AkarSaNa ghaTyuM. calacitronA Agamana pachI jUnI raMgabhUmi u52 bhajavAtAM nATakonI pravRtti ghaTI. viDiyonA Agamana pachI sinemAgRho 52 asara paDI. pAzcAtya dezomAM have aneka suzikSita kuTuMbomAM paNa chApuM levAtuM nathI, kAraNa ke TI.vI.e jIvanakrama badalI nAMkhyo che. jema chApAnI bAbatamAM tema sAhityika sAmayikonI bAbatamAM paNa pAzcAtya dezomAM banavA lAgyuM che. chApuM ke sAmayika e ghare nahi paNa rastAmAM vAMcavAnuM, samaya pasAra karavAnuM sAdhana banavA lAgyuM che. traNa-cAra dAyakA pUrve sAhityanA viSayo ane sAhityika pravRttiono pracAra lokomAM vadhu hato. teve vakhate tevAM sAmiyakone paNa prajAno Teko anAyAsa maLI raheto. tyAre sAmayiko garajavAna kavilekhakonuM ghaNuM zoSaNa karatAM. samaya jatAM rAjakAraNa, arthazAstra, vijJAna, samAjazAstra, mAnasazAstra vagere aneka viSayomAM loko rasa letA thayA che. eTale ke lokonAM rasa ane ruci eka ja kSetrane have varelAM rahyAM nathI. AthI paNa sAhityika sAmayikonI pravRttimAM oTa vartAya che e dekhItuM che. 362 : sAhityadarzana

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chellAM keTalAMka varSothI gujarAtI dainikonI vaividhyasabhara sAptAhika pUrtioe ane keTalAMka sAptAhikoe gujarAtanA vAcakavargamAM sAruM jora jamAvyuM che. gAmegAmanA ejanTono AvA sAptAhikonA pracAramAM moTo phALo che. emAM teo sArI kamANI karI zake che. dainika sAptAhikane ghera ghera pahoMcADanAruM eka moTuM vyavasthAtaMtra AmAM sAruM kAma kare che. relavenA sTola paNa AmAM mahattvano bhAga bhajave che. tatkAlIna ghaTanAo upara sAro prakAza pADanArI zodhamUlaka sAmagrI sahu koIne vAMcavI game che. saraLa bhASA, manoraMjaka zailI ane tAdaza, tasvIrone kAraNe loko, mana para kazA boja vinA, evuM sAhitya vAMcavA lalacAya che. tatkAlIna jIvanane sparzatI tAjI evI sAmagrI emAM vadhu pIrasAya che. AthI sAptAhikonA vadhelA pracAranI asara anya sAmayiko upara paNa moTI paDe che. dainiko, sAptAhika vadhu sAro puraskAra ApatAM hovAne kAraNe sArA, tejasvI, samartha lekhako tenA tarapha kheMcAya e svAbhAvika che. potAnA lekho lakhAyA pachI dainika ke sAptAhikamAM chapAya eTale tarata ja vizALa vAcakavarga sudhI pahoMcI zake e eka moTo lAbha lekhakane pakSe che. lekhakono sAro sahakAra meLavI keTalAMka sAptAhikoe potAnI kakSA ane guNavattA ghaNI sudhArI dIdhI che. emanuM mudraNakArya paNa sughaDa ane AkarSaka banyuM che. spardhAmAM Arthika pIThabaLavALAM, kamANI karanArAM AvAM sAptAhiko-mAsiko vagerene pAchaLa pADI de e svAbhAvika che. koI eka navuM sAmayika pragaTa karavuM e bahu agharI vAta nathI. paraMtu dIrghakALa sudhI tene calAvI rAkhavuM e ghaNI agharI vAta che. taMtrI banavAnI mahecchA saMtoSavA keTalIka vyaktio ati utsAhamAM ekAda navuM sAmayika zarU karI de che, paraMtu pachIthI tene vadhu samaya calAvI zakatI nathI. ApaNA dezamAM sAmayikonI bAbatamAM bALamaraNanuM pramANa jeTaluM moTuM che teTaluM anya koI dezamAM bhAgye ja haze. ApaNI gujarAtI bhASAmAM atyAra sudhImAM pragaTa thayelAM sAmayikonA sattAvAra AMkaDA jo tapAsavAmAM Ave to keTalAM badhAM sAmayiko pragaTa thayA pachI eka varSamAM ja baMdha paDI gayAM che teno khyAla Avaze. kaoNlejamAM huM bhaNato hato tyAre mArA eka sAhityarasika kavimitrane eka sAmayika kADhavAnI hoMza thaI. mAro abhiprAya pUchyo. kahyuM, 'A kAma dhArIe teTaluM saheluM nathI. mahenata karIne thAkI jazo ane paise khuvAra thazo.' topaNa emaNe sAmayika pragaTa karyuM. be aMkanI sAmagrI to hatI. trIjA aMka mATe sAmagrI meLavavA muMbaInA pratiSThita lekhakonA ghare ghaNA AMTA mAryA, paraMtu bahu saphaLatA maLI nahIM. ApaNAM sAmayiko 363

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chApakhAnAMnAM bila paNa emanI apekSA karatAM vadhu AvyAM ane cUkavavAnA paisA na rahyA. lavAjamo meLavavA mATe mitro, sagAMsaMbaMdhIo, oLakhItAonA ghare, skUlomAM, kaoNlejomAM, pustakAlayomAM ghaNA AMTA mAryA paNa temAM nirAzA ja sAMpaDI. jAherakhabaranAM vacano ghaNAM maLyAM hatAM, paraMtu traNa aMka sudhI eka paNa jAherakhabara chApavA mATe maLI nahi. trIjA aMka pachI sAmayika baMdha paDyuM. "gujarAtI prajA kadarahIna che', "lekhako potAnuM vacana pALatA nathI', "mitro-sagAM-saMbaMdhIo sahakAra ApatA nathI', "vepArI kaMpanIo jAherakhabara mATe dhakkAo khavarAvatAM zaramAtI nathI' - evAM evAM vacano uccAratAM teo ghaNAM badhAMne dhikkAratA thaI gayA. presavALo bilanI ugharANI karavA Ave ane paisA hoya nahi eTale teo bhAgabhAga karyA kare. thoDA vakhatamAM emane eTalo badho nirveda thayo ke sAhityamAM rasa levo paNa emaNe choDI dIdho. kavitAnI saravANI adazya thaI gaI. ApaNA keTalAka lekhako potAnI zakti upara vadhu paDato vizvAsa rAkhI, lokamAnasano khyAla rAkhyA vagara, lekhanasAmagrI ane prakAzanakharcanA sarakhA Ayojana vagara sAmayika pragaTa karavAnuM AMdhaLuM sAhasa karI bese che, pachI pastAya che ane lokone khoTo doSa daI dhikkAre che. ' sAmayika zarU karatI vakhate tenA taMtrI, saMpAdaka, prakAzakanA manamAM enuM dhyeya spaSTa hovuM joIe. ekAda varSa khoTamAM cAle topaNa nabhI zakAya eTalI nANAMnI vyavasthA hovI joIe. kavi-lekhakono sAro sahakAra maLI rahe evo bahoLo saMparka hovo joIe. patrakAratvanuM kSetra keTaleka aMze apayazanuM kSetra paNa che. taMtrIno svabhAva evo na hovo joIe ke potAnA hAthamAM patra AvyuM eTale abhimAnathI badhAnI sAthe jhaghaDe. tema taMtrIno svabhAva evo na hovo joIe ke je kaMI kAcIpAkI sAmagrI. AvI te saMbaMdho ane mIThAza vadhAravA chApI nAkhe. tuccha lekhanasAmagrIno asvIkAra karatAM taMtrIe jarA paNa acakAvuM na joIe. 'kumAra'nA taMtrI bacubhAI rAvate kaheluM ke baLavaMtarAya ThAkoranuM eka kAvya emaNe pAchuM mokalAvyuM tyArathI baLavaMtarAye "kumArane kAvyo mokalavAnAM baMdha karelAM. tyAra pachI bIjA keTalAka kavionI bAbatamAM paNa AvuM baneluM. kavi-lekhakonI lekhana-sAmagrI pAchI mokalatAM bacubhAI rAvata jarA paNa acakAtA nahi. teo kahetA ke koI paNa lekhakanI eka paNa kRti be varSa sudhI potAne na maLe to paNa ekale hAthe lekhanasAmagrI taiyAra karIne be-cAra varSa "kumAra" calAvavAnI zakti ane AtmavizvAsa potAnAmAM che. sAmayikanA taMtrIomAM AvI sajjatA e enI eka moTI mUDI che. koI paNa navuM sAmayika pragaTa karatAM pahelAM enI upayogitA keTalI che teno 364 sAhityadarzana

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vicAra karavo ghaTe. jema sAmayikanI upayogitA maryAdita varga ke vartuLa pUratI, tema ene pagabhara thavA mATe vadhu prayAsa karavAnI apekSA rahe. samAjanA vizALa varganI jarUriyAtono abhyAsa karIne tathA ene lakSamAM rAkhIne je sAmayiko pragaTa thAya che tene bahu vAMdho Avato nathI. koI paNa samAjanAM rasa ane rucinAM kSetra ane dhoraNa haMmezane mATe eka sarakhAM UMcAM athavA nIcAM na rahe. vakhatovakhata emAM parivartana thayA kare. prajAnAM zikSaNa, rAjakAraNa, raheNIkaraNI, manoraMjananI dRSTi, Arthika kSamatA vagere upara eno ghaNo AdhAra rahe che. bIjA vizvayuddha pachI samagra vizvanI jIvanapaddhatimAM ghaNA moTA pheraphAro thaI gayA che. jema TeliphonanI sagavaDa pachI mANasanI patra lakhavAnI Teva ochI thatI gaI che tema TI.vI.nI sagavaDa pachI mANasanI vAMcavAnI Teva paNa ochI thavA lAgI che. ene pariNAme pustaka-prakAzananI ane sAmayikonI pravRtti upara asara thaI che. je bhASAmAM sAmayika chapAya teno phelAvo te bhASA bolanArI vasatinI saMkhyA upara tathA tenA zikSaNasaMskAra upara paNa AdhAra rAkhe che. aMgrejI bhASAmAM pragaTa thatAM sAmayikone mATe AkhI duniyAmAM avakAza che. svAhilI, siMhAlI, uDiyA, barmI vagere ghaNIbadhI bhASAonAM sAmayiko mATeno avakAza tenI prajA pUrato maryAdita rahe che. bhAratamAM aMgrejI ke hindImAM pragaTa thatAM sAmayiko karatAM gujarAtI sAmayikone avakAza ghaNo ocho rahevAno, te dekhItuM che. nAnI paNa saMpanna, suzikSita ane rasika prajA hoya to teTale aMze temAM vadhu avakAza, alabatta, jarUra rahe. potAnAM rasa ane rucine lagatAM ghaNAMbadhAM sAmayiko pragaTa thatAM hoya tyAre sArA ane saMpanna vAcake paNa temAMthI pasaMdagI karavAnI rahe che. vAMcavA mATeno kula samaya ane lavAjamonI kula rakama potAne keTalAM poSAya che te vaiyaktika dhoraNe ja nakkI thAya. poSAya chatAM samaya na hoya athavA samaya hoya chatAM poSAya nahi ema bane. keTalAkane mATe samaya paNa na hoya ane poSAya paNa nahi evI sthiti hoya che.samaya hoya, poSAya ema hoya ane chatAM rasaruci na hovAne kAraNe ke pramAdane kAraNe paNa keTalAka loko sAmayika tarapha abhimukha banatA nathI. gaMbhIra ane vidvadUbhogya sAmayiko to duniyAmAM badhe ja ochAM vaMcAvAnAM. sAhityika gaMbhIra sAmayiko vAMcanAra sAhityarasiko, adhyApako, zikSako ke anya keTalAka sAhityarasikonI ApaNA dezamAM vartamAna samayamAM evI Arthika sthiti nathI ke teo badhAM sAmayiko mATe paisA kharcI zake. eTale pustakAlayamAM jaI vAMcI levAnI ApaNAM sAmayiko 365

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athavA bheTa nakala meLavavAnI vRtti vizeSapaNe pravarte e dekhItuM che. chellAM keTalAMka varSothI kAgaLanA bhAva tathA mukaNakharca jhaDapathI vadhatAM jAya che. lekhakone ApavAnA puraskAranI rakama vadhatI cAlI che. (sabhAgye puraskAranI apekSA rAkhyA vagara lakhanAra lekhakonI saMkhyA hajI gujarAtamAM ThIka ThIka che.) anya pakSe sAhityika sAmayikonAM lavAjamo lokonA khissAne poSAya ethI vadhu rAkhavAnuM paravaDe tema nathI. jAherakhabaro paNa sArI lAgavaga vagara sahelAIthI maLatI nathI, kAraNa ke sAhityika sAmayikono phelAvo dainiko ke sAptAhiko jeTalo hoto nathI. pariNAme Arthika vyavasthAnI samasyA e badhAM sAmayikonI eka moTI samasyA hoya che, e enI jIvAdorI che.e Take tyAM sudhI sAmayika TakI zake. mAtra grAhakonAM lavAjama upara Arthika dRSTie pagabhara thavAnuM ke kamANI karavAnuM sAmayiko mATe saraLa nathI. dainiko mATe jo e agharuM hoya to sAmayikonI to vAta ja zI karavI ? sarakhuM lavAjama hoya ane pAMca-paMdara hajAranI grAhakasaMkhyA hoya to koIka sAmayika jAherakhabara vagara kadAca TakI zake to TakI zake. paraMtu tema banavuM paNa bahu saraLa nathI. vAcakone ochA lavAjamanI Teva pADI devAmAM AvI che evI phariyAdamAM paNa keTaluM satya che te prazna che. vAstavika Arthika paristhitano abhyAsa karavAthI e vize sAcuM tAraNa kADhI zakAya. keTalAMka sAmayiko pAse Arthika vyavasthA sArI hoya che, paNa temane lekhanasAmagrInI kheMca dareka aMke paDe che. evAM sAmayiko pachI jUnuMnavuM chApe rAkhe che. anya sAmayikomAMthI RNasvIkAra vinA utArI le che. kyAreka to, jene gujarI gayAne be-traNa dAyakA thaI gayA hoya evA lekhakonI kRtio paNa jANe navI lakhelI hoya tema chApe che. lekhakanA nAma AgaLa "svargastha' jevo zabda paNa hetupUrvaka mukAto nathI ke jethI ajANyA vAcakone khabara paDI jAya ke A jUnI kRti che. paraMtu AvI rIte jUnI mUDI upara vepAra lAMbo samaya cAlI zakato nathI. je sAmayika pratyeka aMke navI rasika, ucca guNavattAvALI maulika sAmagrI ApavAno puruSArtha kare che, e sAmayika Arthika Teko moTo hoya to sAruM nabhI zake che, vAcakomAM sAruM sthAna jamAvI zake che. je sAmayiko viziSTa vargane mATe vidvatApUrNa, agharA pAribhASika lekho chApatAM hoya teno phelAvo bahoLo na hoya te svAbhAvika che. evAM sAmayiko yunivarsiTIo, saMzodhana-kendro ke anya saMsthAo dvArA cAle to ja nabhI zake. evAM sAmayiko jana sAmAnya sudhI pahoMcavAnI apekSA rAkhe ane pachI na pahoMce tyAre lokono doSa kADhe to te yogya nathI. 366 - sAhityadarzana

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jAherakhabara ke dAna lIdhA vagara sAmayika calAvavuM e Adarza sthiti che. tethI sahAya karanArAono sIdho ke ADakataro prabhAva enA taMtrIonI vicArasaraNI upara paDavAno saMbhava na rahe. sarakArI sahAyathI ke sarakArI jAherakhabaronA TekAthI cAlatAM sAmayiko sarakAra viruddha lakhavAnuM sAhasa bahu na karI zake. prAmANika vicAro vyakta karavAmAM kyAreka tene jokhama lAge. dharmAcAryonI sahAyathI ke keTalAMka TrasenI ke zreSThIonI sahAyathI cAlatAM sAmayiko temanI viruddha lakhavAnI bahu hiMmata na kare. paraMtu patrakAranA vANI-svAtaMtra upara ethI tarApa paDe che. bIjI bAju jAherakhabara vagara sAmayika calAvavuM lagabhaga duSkara jevuM gaNAya che. moTA bhAganAM sAmayiko jAherakhabaranA Teke cAlatAM hoya che. Adarza nahIM paNa madhyamamArga apanAvIne teo nabhatAM hoya che. kyAreka temAM sahAya karanArAo pratyenI khuzAmatabharI daSTi paNa dekhAI Ave che. jAherakhabara vinA ekalA vAcakavarganA saMskArathI arthAt lavAjamanI ghaNI moTI rakamathI sAmayika calAvavuM atyaMta muzkela che. prayogo karavAthI tenAM pariNAmo joI zakAya che. grAhako meLavavA mATe paNa pachI valakhAM mAravAM paDe che, ane lavAjama meLavavA mATe grAhakonI khuzamAta karavAno vakhata Ave che. vaLI, grAhako ekatra thaIne tyAre ja potAnA sAmayikane nabhAve, jyAre enI vyavasthAmAM ane lekhana sAmagrImAM temano avAja kAyadesara pahoMcato hoya. paraMtu evI paristhitinuM nirmANa saraLa nathI. je sAmayiko koIka ne koIka saMsthAnA upakrame pragaTa thatAM hoya che te sAmayiko saMsthAnI Arthika saddharatA hoya tyAM sudhI pragaTa thayA kare che. samaye samaye enuM taMtrImaMDaLa badalAya che. evAM sAmayiko sAja-mAMdAM rahe che, topaNa enI AvaradA lAMbI hoya che. Arthika saddharatA hoya to ene calAvanArA koIka ne koIka maLI rahe che. enI grAhakasaMkhyA ghaNI ochI hoya topaNa ene AMca AvatI nathI. gujarAtI prajA pramANamAM samRddha hovA chatAM gujarAtI sAmayiko mATe, vizeSataH sAhityika sAmayiko mATe bahu protsAhaka vAtAvaraNa satata rahetuM nathI. enAM ghaNAM kAraNo che. sArAM sAmayika nathI cAlatAM enAM anya keTalAMka kAraNo sAmayikane pakSe paNa che. badalAtI jatI paristhitimAM sau koIe vAstavikatAno sahajapaNe svIkAra karavA sAthe vadhu jAgRta thavAnI jarUra che. niSThApUrvaka karelAM sArAM kAryo eLe jatAM nathI, jAya to AtmasaMzodhana karavuM joIe. ApaNAM sAmayiko je 367

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23 DaoN. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA saMskRta, prAkRta ane madhyakAlIna jUnI gujarAtI bhASAnA prakAMDa paMDita, jaina Agama graMthonA abhyAsI, samagra gujarAtamAM yunivarsiTInI anusnAtaka kakSAe yuvAna vaye prophesara tarIke niyukta thanAra prathama adhyApaka, gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA bhUtapUrva pramukha, raNajitarAma suvarNacaMdraka meLavanAra, pATaNanA vatanI DaoN. bhogIlAla sAMDesarAnuM 78 varSanI vaye amerikAmAM emanA putrane tyAM avasAna thayuM. chellA keTalAka samayathI temane kaeNnsaranI bImArI hatI. DaoN. sAMDesarAnAM dIkarA-dIkarI badhAM amerikAmAM rahe che. eTale chellAM keTalAMka varSathI teo amerikA AvajA karatA hatA. A vakhate teo satata lagabhaga traNa varSa tyAM rahyA. emanA sAthI adhyApaka ane gADha mitra DaoN. raNajitabhAI paTela (anAmI) avAranavAra mane DaoN. sAMDesarAnA samAcAra ApatA rahetA. keTalAka vakhata pahelAM emaNe mane lakhyuM hatuM ke jAnyuArImAM DaoN. sAMDesarA vaDodarA AvavAnA che. paraMtu teo Ave te pahelAM ja temanA svargavAsanA samAcAra AvyA. chellA keTalAka vakhatathI sAMDesarA daMpatInuM svAsthya sAruM rahetuM nahotuM. eTale amerikA karatAM bhAratamAM rahevuM vadhu gamatuM hatuM chatAM tabiyatane kA2Ne ane emanA dIkarA DaoNkTara hovAne kAraNe vRddhAvasthAmAM amerikAmAM rahevAnuM vadhu anukULa rahetuM hatuM. videzamAM pote deha choDaze evuM temaNe svapneya dhAryuM nahi hoya ! madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhitya e mArA rasano viSaya hovAthI chellAM ghaNAM varSathI DaoN. sAMDesarA sAthe mAre AtmIya saMbaMdha thayo hato. vaDodarAmAM hatA tyAre 'prabhuddha jIvana'no aMka maLatAM teo avAranavAra mArA lekha mATe sa2sa pratibhAva darzAvatA. DaoN. sAMDesarAnA javAthI mane eka murabbI mArgadarzakanI khoTa paDI che. 368 : sAhityadarzana

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DaoN. bhogIlAla sAMDesarAno janma I. sa. 1917mAM pATaNamAM thayo hato. emanA pitAnuM nAma jayacaMdabhAI IzvaradAsa sAMDesarA ane mAtAnuM nAma mahAlakSmI hatuM. emanA pitA pATaNa choDI amadAvAdamAM rezamano vepAra karavA AvyA hatA. AthI Do. sAMDesarAe zALAno abhyAsa amadAvAdamAM cAlu karyo hato. teo jyAre ATha varSanI uMmaranA hatA tyAre emanA pitAnuM avasAna thayuM. eTale emanuM kuTuMba amadAvAda choDI pAchuM pATaNa AvyuM ane Do. sAMDesarAe ane emanA nAnA bhAI upendrarAya sAMDesarAe pATaNanI hAIskUlamAM abhyAsa zarU karyo. DaoN. sAMDesarA hAIskUlamAM abhyAsa karatA hatA. paraMtu maeNTrikanI parIkSAmAM 1933mAM teo beThA tyAre nApAsa thayA. emano gaNitano viSaya ghaNo kAco hato. e divasomAM meTrikanI parIkSA muMbaI yunivarsiTI letI. tyAre badhA ja viSaya pharajiyAta hatA ane dareka viSayamAM pAsa thavAnuM pharajiyAta hatuM. jeno eke viSaya kAco hoya te jiMdagImAM kyAreya meTrika pAsa na thaI zake ane kolejamAM jaI na zake. DaoN. sAMDesarA 1934mAM pharI meTrikanI parIkSAmAM beThA, paraMtu bIjI vAra paNa gaNitanuM pepara sAruM gayuM na hatuM. temane AvaDelA dAkhalAnA mArkasa gaNI joyA to pAsa thavA mATe cAra mAsa khUTatA hatA. paraMtu e varSe evI ghaTanA banI ke parIkSakothI gaNitano eka dAkhalo khoTo puchAI gayo hato. parIkSakonI emAM bhUla hatI. parIkSAmAM puchAyelA A khoTA dAkhalA sAme vidyArthIono ane emanA vAlIono ghaNo virodha thayo. chevaTe muMbaI yunivarsiTIe jAhera karyuM ke meTrikanI parIkSAmAM gaNitanA viSayamAM puchAyelA A khoTA dAkhalA mATe dareka vidyArthIne cha mArkasa umerI ApavAmAM Avaze. eno lAbha DaoN. sAMDesarAne paNa maLyo ane teo meTrikanI parIkSAmAM pAsa thayA. kolejamAM have gaNitano viSaya levAno rahyo na hato. eTale DaoN. sAMDesarAe amadAvAda AvI tyAMnI gujarAta kaoNlejamAM abhyAsa cAlu karyo. teo gujarAtI ane saMskRta viSaya sAthe bI.e. thayA ane tyAra pachI ema.e.mAM gujarAtI viSayamAM prathama naMbare AvavA mATe emane kezavalAla dhruva caMdraka maLyo hato. DaoN. sAMDesarA pATaNanI hAIskUlamAM abhyAsa karatA hatA tyAre eka ghaTanAe temanA jIvanane sarasa vaLAMka Apyo hato. e divasomAM muni jinavijayajI pATaNa padhAryA hatA ane jaina borDiMgamAM UtaryA hatA. teo siMdhI sirijhanA graMthonA saMpAdananuM kArya karatA hatA. teo pATaNanA jJAna bhaMDAranI hastaprotanI mAhitI ekatra karavA AvyA hatA. e vakhate DaoN. sAMDesarAne muni jinavijyajIne maLavAnuM thayuM hatuM. eka kizora tarIke temane jijJAsA thaI ke munizrI jinavijayajI kevA Do. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA 369

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prakAranuM kAma kare che. teo temanI sAthe jJAna bhaMDAramAM javA lAgyA. e viSayamAM emane paNa rasa paDyo. tyAre temanI uMmara paMdareka varSanI hatI. e vakhate munizrI puNyavijayajInuM cAturmAsa pATaNamAM hatuM. eTale muni jinavijayajI kizora sAMDesarAne puNyavijayajI pAse laI gayA ane tyArathI sAMDesarA muni puNyavijayajI pAse javA lAgyA ane jUnI hastapratomAM rasa levA lAgyA. puNyavijayajI sAtheno emano saMbaMdha vadhato gayo ene lIdhe DaoN. sAMDesarAne madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityamAM rasa paDavA lAgyo ane paMdareka varSanI kizora vaye teo munizrI puNyavijayajIe ApelI tAlImane lIdhe jUnI jena devanAgarI lipimAM lakhAyelI hastaprato paNa vAMcatA thaI gayA hatA. tyAra pachI puNyavijayajI mahArAjanA mArgadarzana heThaLa emaNe madhyakAlIna kavi mAdhavakRta "rUpasuMdara kathA' nAmanI kRtinuM saMpAdanakArya cAlu karyuM. aDhAreka varSanI uMmare temaNe taiyAra kareluM A zAstrIya saMpAdana eTaluM sarasa hatuM ke muMbaInI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhAe e chApavA mATe svIkAryuM. A kRti pragaTa thatAM DaoN. sAMDesarAne gujarAtI vidvad gatamAM sArI khyAti maLI. vaLI e pustaka yunivarsiTInA ema.e.nA pAThyakramamAM mUkavAmAM AvyuM. DaoN. sAMDesarA to tyAre haju meTrika paNa thayA nahotA. meTrika pAsa thayA pachI 1943mAM jyAre teo ema.e.no abhyAsa karavA lAgyA tyAre ema.e.nAM pAThyapustakomAM eka pustaka "rUpasuMdara kathA' hatuM. potAnuM ja saMpAdita kareluM pustaka potAnA abhyAsakramamAM hoya e kaMI jevItevI siddhi na kahevAya. DaoN. sAMDesarAne munizrI puNyavijayajI pAsethI ane munizrI jinavijayajI pAsethI prAcIna gujarAtI, saMskRta, prAkRta sAhityanA abhyAsanI dIkSA maLI. e baMne munivaro hayAta hatA tyAM sudhI temane emanI pAse javAnuM niyamita rahetuM. munizrI jinavijayajInA svargavAsa pachI DaoN. sAMDesarAe emanuM jIvanacaritra paNa lakhyuM hatuM. madhyakAlIna sAhityanAM DaoN. sAMDesarAmAM rasa ane rucine bIjI eka rIte paNa poSaNa maLatuM rahyuM hatuM. pATaNanI hAIskUlamAM e vakhate tyAMnA jANItA saMzodhaka vidvAna zrI rAmalAla modI eka zikSaka tarIke nokarI karatA hatA. A rAmalAla modIne madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhitya ane itihAsamAM ghaNo rasa hato. teo skolara hatA. pATaNanA kavi bhAlaNa vize temaNe ghaNuM saMzodhana kArya karyuM hatuM. vidyArthI tarIke DaoN. sAMDesarA potAnA e zikSakanA ghaniSTha saMparkamAM AvyA hatA. ene lIdhe sAhityanA saMzodhananA kSetramAM emane rasa paDyo hato. zrI rAmalAla modI uparAMta pATaNa hAIskUlanA heDa mAstara zrI kalyANarAya jozI paNa sAhityanA saMzodhanamAM 37) sAhityadarzana

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rasa dharAvatA hatA ane emanI pAsethI paNa DaoN. sAMDesarAne preraNA ane mArgadarzana maLatAM rahyAM hatA. Ama zALAmAM abhyAsa karatA hatA te daramiyAna madhyakAlIna sAhityanA saMzodhananA viSayamAM vadhu rasa levAne kAraNe zALAmAM abhyAsamAM DaoN. sAMDesarAnA bIjA keTalAka viSaya to kAcA rahI gayA hatA, jemAM gaNitano viSaya mukhya hato. kaoNlejamAM abhyAsa karatA hatA tyAre Do. sAMDesarA AjIvikA arthe sAthe sAthe nokarI paNa karatA hatA. teo prajAbaMdhu' sAptAhikamAM joDAyA hatA, ane gujarAta samAcAra'nA taMtrI vibhAgamAM paNa kAma karavA lAgyA hatA. e samayamAM teo "prajAbaMdhu'nA taMtrI, pIDha patrakAra ane navalakathAkAra zrI cunIlAla vardhamAna zAhanA gADha paricayamAM AvyA hatA. ema.e. thayA pachI DaoN. sAMDesarA gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTI (gujarAta vidyAsabhA)mAM anusnAtaka vibhAgamAM joDAyA hatA ane enA niyAmaka Do. rasikalAla parIkhanA saMparkamAM AvyA hatA. emanA mArgadarzana heThaLa emaNe "mahAamAtya vastupALanuM sAhitya maMDaLa tathA saMskRta sAhityamAM temano phALo' e viSaya para zodhaprabaMdha lakhIne pIeca.DI.nI DigrI meLavI hatI. taduparAMta gujarAta vidyAsabhAmAM zrI umAzaMkara jozIe "purANomAM gujarAta' e viSaya para jema saMzodhanagraMtha taiyAra karyo tema Do. sAMDesarAe "jaina AgamomAM gujarAta' e viSaya para saMzodhanagraMtha taiyAra karyo hato. jUnA vaDodarA rAjyanA rAjA sayAjIrAva gAyakavADa suzikSita, bAhoza, prajAvatsala ane dIrgha dRSTivALA rAjA hatA. potAnA rAjyanA vikAsakAryamAM teo satata rasa letA rahetA hatA. e divasomAM bhAratanAM chaso karatAM vadhu dezI rAjyomAM AMgaLInA veDhe gaNI zakAya evA vikAsazIla rAjya tarIke vaDodarA rAjyanI gaNanA thatI hatI. sayAjIrAvanuM e svapna hatuM ke potAnA rAjyamAM eka yunivarsiTInI sthApanA thAya. emaNe AjathI sittera varSa pahelAM eka karoDa rUpiyA jeTalI moTI rakama yunivarsiTInI sthApanA mATe anAmata phALavI rAkhI hatI, paraMtu aMgreja zAsanakALa daramiyAna e yunivarsiTI thaI zakI nahi. bhAratane AjhAdI maLyA pachI vaDodarA zaheranI judI svataMtra "mahArAjA sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTInI sthApanA thaI, ane enA prathama vAIsa cAnselara tarIke zrImatI haMsAbahena jIvarAja mahetAnI niyukti thaI hatI. tyAra pachI muMbaI ane gujarAta yunivarsiTImAM yunivarsiTI grAMTa kamizana anusAra gujarAtI viSayanA prophesarano hoddo sarva prathama sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTImAM karavAmAM Avyo. pagAra tathA gauravanI dRSTie yunivarsiTImAM gujarAtI viSayano A sarvocca hoddo hato. e mATe konI nimaNUka thAya che te jANavA DaoN. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA 371

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gujarAtanuM sAhityagata ane adhyApakagata utsuka hatuM. saune ema hatuM ke AvuM UMcuM pada zrI umAzaMkara jozIne maLI zake. paraMtu e divasomAM kalamane AdhAre jIvanArA kavi umAzaMkara jozIe evo Agraha rAkhyo hato ke pote yunivarsiTImAM arajI nahi kare, paraMtu yunivarsiTI jo sAmethI nimaMtraNa Ape to pote joDAvA taiyAra che. 1950mAM vaDodarAmAM lekhaka milananuM Ayojana thayuM hatuM. temAM umAzaMkara jozI, sneharazmi, jayaMtI dalAla vagere nAmAMkita sAhityakAro upasthita rahyA hatA. suprasiddha navalakathAkAra ane vaDodarA rAjyanA mAjI sUbA zrI ramaNalAla vasaMtalAla desAI yajamAna samitinA adhyakSa hatA. vaDodarAnA lekhaka milana pachI DabhoImAM dayArAma jayaMtIno kAryakrama goThavavAmAM Avyo hato ane tyAra pachI cANodakaranALI tIrthanI yAtrAno kAryakrama paNa goThavAyo hato. ema.e.nI parIkSA ApIne huM e kAryakramamAM joDAyo hato. DabhoInA kAryakramamAM ramaNalAla desAIe sabhAne saMbodhatAM vacce evuM kahyuM ke kavi umAzaMkara joSI eka sAdhupuruSa jevA che. emaNe Avo ullekha kema karyo haze tenI sAhityakAromAM pachI carcA cAlI ane jANavA maLyuM ke ramaNalAla desAIe umAzaMkarane vaDodarA yunivarsiTImAM prophesaranA hodA mATe arajI karavA ghaNo Agraha karyo. teo haMsAbahenanI sAthe pasaMdagI samitimAM hatA. paraMtu umAzaMkare e darakhAstano asvIkAra karyo. yunivarsiTI grAMTa kamizananA niyama anusAra umedavAre avazya arajI karavI ja joIe. ane umAzaMkara arajI karavA icchatA nahotA. joke pachI gujarAta yunivarsiTImAM gujarAtI viSayanA prophesarano hodo karavAmAM Avyo tyAre yunivarsiTInA niyamanA baMdhanane kAraNe umAzaMkarane e hoddA mATe na chUTake arajI karavI paDI hatI). sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTImAM prophesaranA hoddA mATe sthAnika adhyApako zrI caturabhAI paTela ane zrI maMjulAla majamudAra sahita gujarAtanA te vakhatanA nAmAMkita adhyApakoe A hoddA mATe arajI karI hatI. paraMtu temAM varaNI yuvAna adhyApaka DaoN. bhogIlAla sAMDesarAnI thaI hatI. A eka ja ghaTanAe Do. sAMDesarAne ghaNI khyAti apAvI. vaLI sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTI sthAnika yunivarsiTI hatI. eTale AMtara yunivarsiTI kSetre paNa DaoN. sAMDesarAne A sthAna dvArA ghaNI taka maLI. gujarAtI uparAMta prAkRta ane saMskRta bhASAnA kSetre jyAM jyAM kAryakramo thatA tyAM tyAM DaoN. sAMDesarAne avazya nimaMtraNa maLatuM. keTalIye yunivarsiTImAM pIeca.DI.nA parIkSaka tarIke temanI pasaMdagI thatI. orienTala konpharansamAM paNa temane mAnabharyuM sthAna maLatuM ane eka vAra teo prAkRta vibhAganA adhyakSa tarIke paNa nimAyA hatA. 37ra sAhityadarzana

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nyUyorkanA rokaphelara phAunDezana taraphathI emane nimaMtraNa maLyuM hatuM. e vakhate emaNe pRthvInI pradakSiNA' nAmanuM potAnA anubhavanuM pustaka lakhyuM hatuM. keTalAMka varSa pachI DaoN. sAMDesarAe prAcya vidyA maMdiranA DAyarekTarano hoddo paNa maLyo. emaNe haragoviMdadAsa kAMTAvALAnI baMdha paDelI graMthazreNI cAlu karI ane "svAdhyAya' sAmayika paNa zarU karyuM. emAM emane DaoN. somAbhAI pArekhano sAro sahakAra maLyo hato. DaoN. sAMDesarAe prAcya vidyAmaMdiranA DAyarekTara tarIke tathA sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTIna sinDIkeTanA sabhya tarIke ghaNuM moTuM sthAna gujarAtamAM jamAvyuM hatuM. gujarAtanA keLavaNI kSetre temanI pratiSThA ghaNI moTI hatI. DaoN. sAMDesarAnI yazasvI kArakirdIno e caDato kALa hato. e vakhate saradAra paTela yunivarsiTInA vAIsa cAnselaranI nimaNUka thavAnI hatI. e mATe je traNa-cAra nAma bolAtAM hatAM temAM eka nAma DaoN. sAMDesarAnuM paNa hatuM. e arasAmAM mAre vaDodarA emanA ghera javAnuM thayuM hatuM. tyAre meM emanI vAIsa cAnselara tarIkenI nimaNUkanI saMbhAvanA mATe harSa vyakta karyo hato. paraMtu Do. sAMDesarAe kahyuM ke potAne e pada mATe puchAvavAmAM AvyuM che, paraMtu pote teno asvIkAra karyo che. ethI mane Azcarya thayuM, kAraNa ke e divasomAM gujarAtInA adhyApakone vAisa cAnselaranuM pada maLe te ghaNA gauravanI vAta hatI. e vakhate AvA pada mATe eTalI badhI khaTapaTo nahotI ke mANasane te svIkAravAnuM mana na thAya. eTale meM jyAre emanA A nirNaya mATe Azcarya vyakta karyuM tyAre temaNe kahyuM ke "mAre haju nivRtta thavAne dasa varSa bAkI che. vAIsa cAnselaranA pada mATenI nimaNUka traNa varSa mATe thAya che. vadhu traNa varSa kadAca maLe ke na maLe. e athavA bIjI koI yunivarsiTIomAM pachI evuM UMcuM pada na maLe to ghare besavAno vakhata Ave. potAnI yunivarsiTImAM kadAca prophesaranA pada upara pharIthI AvI zakAya, paraMtu eka vakhata vAIsa cAnselaranuM pada bhogavyA pachI pAchA prophesara thavAmAM eTalI majA nahi ane eTaluM gaurava paNa nahi. ane jo kadAca nokarI vagaranA thaI gayA to Arthika ane bIjA ghaNA prazno UbhA thAya. eTale A bAbatano meM ghaNo UMDo vicAra karyo che ane te pachI ja A nirNaya lIdho che.' DaoN. sAMDesarA kevA vyavahAru dRSTivALA hatA te A ghaTanA uparathI jovA maLyuM hatuM. - 1955mAM meM naLa-damayaMtInI kathAno vikAsa' e viSaya upara pIeca.DI.nI padavI mATe zodhanibaMdha lakhavAnuM vicAryuM hatuM. te varSe naDiyAdamAM yojAyelA sAhitya pariSadanA adhivezanamAM Do. sAMDesarAne maLavAnuM mAre thayuM hatuM. tyAre mArA viSaya aMge emanI sAthe keTalIka carcAvicAraNA karI hatI. naLa-damayaMtI aMge jaina DaoN. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA 373

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paraMparAnI rAsakRtio tyAre aprakAzita hatI eTale mAre hastaprata vAMcIne ene AdhAre lakhavAnuM hatuM, e mATe puNyavijyajI mahArAja uparAMta DaoN. sAMDesarAnuM paNa keTaluMka mArgadarzana maLyuM hatuM. 1960mAM meM muMbaI yunivarsiTImAM mAro zodhaprabaMdha rajU karyo tyAre mArA sadbhAgye enA parIkSaka tarIke DaoN. sAMDesarAnI nimaNUka thaI hatI ane mArA zodhaprabaMdhathI teo khUba prasanna thayA hatA. Ama paNa madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityamAM rasa dharAvanArA adhyApakonI saMkhyA nahi jevI ja hatI. eTale DaoN. sAMDesarAne mArA pratye vadhu sadbhAva rahyo hato, ane amAro saMbaMdha uttarottara gADha thato gayo hato. 1963mAM muMbaI yunivarsiTImAM gujarAtI viSayamAM pIeca.DI.nA gAiDa tarIke mArI nimaNUka thaI tyAre huM seMTa jheviyarsa kaoNlejamAM gujarAtI viSayanA adhyApaka tarIke kAma karato hato. pIeca.DI.nA gAiDa tarIke mArI nimaNUka thaI tyAre mAre emane maLavAnuM thayuM hatuM. e vakhate gAiDa tarIke tame zI salAha Apo cho evA mArA savAlanA javAbarUpe emaNe mane yogya salAha ApI hatI ke pIeca.DI.nuM kAma yunivarsiTImAM mAnArha kAma che. emAM jeTalA vidyArthIo pIeca.DI. karavA Avaze emAMthI trIsa-cAlIsa TakA vidyArthIo aDadhethI choDI deze, ane tamArI mahenata nakAmI jaze. mATe je vidyArthI lo te cakAsIne levA.' vaLI emaNe potAnA anubhava 52thI eka sAcI salAha e ApI hatI ke bane tyAM sudhI tame pote koI viSaya vidyArthIne na Apazo. viSayanI carcA karajo. paNa viSayanI chevaTanI pasaMdagI to vidyArthInI potAnI ja rahevI joIe. jo ema nahi karo to vidyArthIo tamane doSa Apaze ke amuka vidyArthIne tame sahelo viSaya Apyo ane potAne agharo viSaya Apyo. vidyArthI thIsisanuM kAma AgaLa nahi kare ane badho doSano Topalo tamAre mAthe nAkhaze. mATe viSayanI pasaMdagI vidyArthInI potAnI hovI joIe.' 1963thI zarU karIne 1986mAM huM nivRtta thayo tyAM sudhImAM paMdareka vidyArthIoe mArA mArgadarzana heThaLa pIeca.DI.nI DigrI meLavI, paraMtu temAM DaoN. sAMDesarAnI salAha barAbara kAma lAgI hatI. 1970mAM muMbaI yunivarsiTImAM gujarAtI viSayano anusnAtaka vibhAga zarU ka2vAmAM Avyo. enA adhyakSanA pada mATe meM arajI karI hatI. e vakhate pasaMdagI samitinA pAMca sabhyomAMnA eka te DaoN. sAMDesarA hatA. Ama to AvA sthAna mATe ghaNI khaTapaTo thAya. eTale e sthAna mane maLaze evI koI AzA na hatI. paraMtu mArA sukhada Azcarya sAthe inTaravyu pachI bIjA divase jANavA maLyuM ke e sthAna mATe mArI pasaMdagI thaI hatI, ane pasaMdagI samitinI carcAvicAraNAmAM 374 * sAhityadarzana

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DaoN. sAMDesarAe mahattvano bhAga bhajavyo hato. - DaoN. sAMDesarAe ema. esa. yunivarsiTImAM gujarAtI viSayanA baoNrDa oNpha sTaDIjhanA sabhyapade mArI nimaNUka karAvI hatI. e nimitte mAre vaDodarA ghaNI vAra javAnuM thatuM borDanI miTIMgamAM pAThyapustako ane pAThyakrama vize ThIka ThIka vicAraNA thatI e to kharuM ja, paNa DaoN. sAMDesarA sAthe Akho divasa gALavA maLato e mAre mATe vizeSa lAbhanI vAta hatI. amArA rasanA viSayo samAna hatA. eTale eka pIDha anubhavI prAdhyApaka pAsethI ghaNI jANakArI malatI ane vyavahAra mArgadarzana maLatuM. DaoN. sAMDesarAnA AgrahathI ema. esa. yunivarsiTInA ema.e.mAM gujarAtI viSayanA parIkSaka tarIke keTalAMka varSa mATe kAma karavAnuM thayuM hatuM. muMbaI yunivarsiTImAM gujarAtI vibhAganA adhyakSa tarIke joDAyA pachI meM yunivarsiTIomAM bI.e. ke ema.e.nI parIkSAnAM kAryo svIkAravAnuM choDI dIdhuM hatuM. paraMtu eka divasa acAnaka DaoN. sAMDesarAno vaDodarAthI phona Avyo. koIka parIkSake chellI ghaDIe saMjogonI pratikULatAne kAraNe ema.e.nA gujarAtI viSayanI parIkSAnuM kArya choDI dIdhuM hatuM. divasa ochA hatA ane praznapatro tarata kADhavAnA hatA. Do. sAMDesarA jANatA hatA ke huM parIkSAnuM kArya svIkArato nathI. tema chatAM emaNe phona karI mane atyaMta Agraha karyo ane phona upara ja mAre saMmati ApavI paDI. emaNe soMpelA praznapatro tarata taiyAra karIne huM vaDodarA pahoMcyo. e vakhate amArI sAthe parIkSaka tarIke DaoN. jazabhAI kA. paTela hatA. teo parIkSakanI miTIMgamAM eka eka praznapatramAM zabde zabde carcA karatA ane keTalAka zabdomAM pheraphAra karAvatA. sadbhAgye mArA baMne praznapatromAM eka paNa zabda pheravavo paDyo na hato. mAruM to e viSe dAna nahotuM gayuM. paraMtu beThakanA aMte Do. sAMDesarA bolyA ke "ApaNA badhAnA praznapatromAM eka ramaNabhAInA praznapatramAM koI zabda badalavAnI jarUra paDI nathI." A abhiprAya sAMbhaLIne mane khUba AnaMda thayo. paraMtu meM kahyuM ke, "A badhuM to amArA vaDIlonI tAlImanA pariNAme che. muMbaI yunivarsiTImAM bahu nAnI uMmaramAM mane ema.e.nI parIkSAnuM kAma maLyuM hatuM ane pahelI vAra huM mArA praznapatro taiyAra karIne gayo hato. te vakhate rAmaprasAda bakSI, manasukhalAla jhaverI, anataMrAya rAvaLa, suMdarajI beTAI vagere pIDha parIkSako mArI sAthe hatA. mArA eke eka praznamAM teoe eTalA badhA zAbdika sudhArA karAvyA hatA ke huM kharekhara zaramAI gayo hato. paraMtu ene lIdhe ja bIje varSe huM evI taiyArI karIne gayo hato ke mArA praznapatromAM teone kazo pheraphAra karavAnI AvazyakatA jaNAI nahi. A rIte vaDIla parIkSakoe mane je tAlIma ApI ene pariNAme praznapatro taiyAra karavAnI eka DaoN. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA 375

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sUjha AvI gaI hatI." ema. esa. yunivarsiTInA parIkSakonI beThakamAM A mAro pahelo anubava hato. paraMtu te ja vakhate DaoN. sAMDesarAe badhAnI vacce kahyuM ke "ramaNabhAIe to A vakhate chellI ghaDIe ApeluM ApaNuM nimaMtraNa svIkAryuM che. paraMtu have emane mArI AjJA che ke ApaNI yunivarsiTInI parIkSAnuM kAma huM nivRtta thAuM tyAM sudhI svIkAre. DaoN. sAMDesarA sAthe A rIte teo nivRtta thayA tyAM sudhI parIkSaka tarIke mAre kAma karavuM paDyuM. emanI nivRtti pachInA varSe paNa niyama mujaba yunivarsiTInuM nimaMtraNa AvyuM. paraMtu meM teno asvIkAra karyo. te vakhate DaoN. sureza jozIno mArA para patra Avyo ke potAnI yunivarsiTImAM ema.e.nI parIkSAnuM kAma teo pahelI vakhata svIkAre che ane parIkSakonA kanvInara tarIke sthAnika adhyApaka tarIke potAnI javAbadArI che. eTale mAre ochAmAM ochuM eka varSa temanI sAthe parIkSAnuM kAma karavuM. DaoN. sureza jozInA Agrahane vaza thaI vadhu eka varSa mATe ema. esa. yunivarsiTInA parIkSaka tarIke meM kAma karyuM ane pachI kAyama mATe choDI dIdhuM. Do. sAMDesarAno saMskRta ane prAkRta bhASA ane sAhityano rasa eTalo badho hato ke temaNe ghaNA graMthonuM jhINavaTapUrvaka adhyayana karyuM hatuM. temane seMkaDo zloka kaMThastha hatA. vAtacItamAM teo tarehatarehanA zloka TAMkatA. evuM nahotuM ke temaNe mAtra sAhityanA zAstrIya graMthonuM ja adhyayana karyuM hatuM. dharma, tattvajJAna, purANa, Ayurveda, jyotiSa vagere Itara zAstronuM paNa ThIka ThIka adhyayana karyuM hatuM ane keTalIka vAra to teo evA graMthomAMthI haLavAM avataraNo TAMkatA ke vAtacIta daramiyAna vAtAvaraNa haLavuM banI jatuM. muMbaI yunivarsiTImAM emaNe Thakkara vasanajI mAdhavajI vyAkhyAnamALAmAM "zabda ane artha' viSaya upara pAMca vyAkhyAno ApyAM hatAM. emAM ghaNAM rasika dAMto TAMkyAM hatAM. DaoN. sAMDesarA atithivatsala hatA. yunivarsiTInA kAmakAja mATe pote jyAre yunivarsiTI taraphathI nimaMtraNa ApyuM hoya tyAre teo potAnA ghare UtaravA mATe Agraha karatA. jamavA mATe to acUka emane ghare javAnuM rahetuM. A rIte Do. sAMDesarAnuM Atithya ghaNI vAra meM mAryuM che. teo prAcya vidyA maMdiranA DAyarekTara hovA chatAM potAnA vyavahAramAM kyAreya potAnA ucca padano bhAra lAgavA detA nahi. bahu saraLatAthI vAta kare ane emanA ghare hoIe tyAre ApaNI badhI ja sagavaDonuM cIvaTapUrvaka dhyAna rAkhe. vaDodarA huM eka divasa mATe paNa gayo houM tyAre mAro samaya nirarthaka veDaphAya nahi ane nIrasa na bane e mATe teo AkhA divasanA kAryakramanuM jhINavaTathI dhyAna rAkhatA. 376 sAhityadarzana

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keTalAMka varSa pahelAM amArA zrI muMbaI jena yuvaka saMgha taraphathI Do. sAMDesarAnAM traNa vyAkhyAno goThavavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. e vakhate DaoN. sAMDesarA mArA ghare UtaryA hatA. emanI saraLa prakRtino gharamAM saune anubhava thayo hato. teo gharamAM ekalA paDe tyAre tarata pustaka vAMcavA besI jatA. potAnI pitta prakRtine kAraNe DaoN. sAMDesarAne maracAM vagaranI moLI rasoI joItI. teo e bAbatamAM bahu cIvaTavALA hatA ane jyAM paNa jamavA javAnuM hoya tyAM agAuthI potAnI maracAM vagaranI rasoI mATe spaSTa sUcanA lakhI detA. amane paNa e rIte sUcanA agAuthI lakhI hatI. eka vakhata dilhI yunivarsiTImAM gujarAtI viSayanA prAdhyApakanA InTaravyu mATe pasaMdagI samitimAM ame sAthe hatA. te vakhate paNa amAre jemane tyAM jamavA javAnuM hatuM temane Do. sAMDesarAe agAuthI patra lakhIne potAnI rasoI aMge sUcanA ApI dIdhI hatI. DaoN. sAMDesarAne bhojana pachI aDadho kalAka ADA paDavAnI Teva hatI. jo tema na kare to temanI AMkho baLavA lAgatI. eka vakhata muMbaImAM teo mArA ghare jamavA AvyA hatA. tyAre bIjA mahemAno paNa jamanAra hatA. jamyA pachI badhA vAtoe vaLagyA. ema karatAM aDadhA kalAka karatAM vadhu samaya thaI gayo. DaoN. sAMDesarAe tarata UbhA thaIne mane kahyuM, "ramaNabhAI, have AMkho baLavA lAgI che. tame badhA vAto karo. huM aDadho kalAka ADo paDI lauM.' evI eka mAnyatA che ke je lekhako vAMcana-lekhana mATe ghaNo parizrama karatA hoya ane satata ciMtana karatA rahetA hoya tevA lekhakone jJAnataMtuonI nabaLAIne kAraNe bIjA mANasa karatAM vadhu ThaMDI lAge. A mAnyatA sAcI hoya ke na hoya, paraMtu paMDitayugamAM govardhanarAma mAdhavarAma tripAThInuM udAharaNa temanA jamAnAmAM jANItuM hatuM. ApaNA samadarzI vivecaka sva. viSNuprasAda trivedIne paNa ghaNI ThaMDI lAgatI ane teo e bAbatamAM ghaNI kALajI rAkhatA. DaoN. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA paNa gaLAmAM haMmezAM maphalara vIMTALIne pharatA. koIka vAra to bhara unALAmAM paNa temane gaLe maphalara hoya. te mATe teo saMkoca anubhavatA nahi. koIka majAka kare tyAre teo aMgrejImAM prazna karatA, "Tell me whether there is anything illegal about it?" Do. sAMDesarAnA jIvanamAM eka ghaTanA AghAta thAya tevI banI hatI. teo yunivarsiTImAMthI nivRtta thayA. temaNe mAnyuM hatuM ke temanuM kArya, svAthya ane pratiSThA jotAM temane yunivarsiTImAM be-traNa varSa mATe eksaTenzana maLaze. teo yunivarsiTInI sinDikeTamAM paNa mahattvanuM sthAna dharAvatA hatA eTale potAne yunivarsiTImAM vAIsa cAnselaranuM ke pro. vAisa cAnselaranuM pada maLe evI dhAraNA paNa kadAca haze. paraMtu, DaoN. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA 377

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na temane vAisa cAnselaranuM pada maLyuM ke na potAnA hoddA mATe eksaTenzana maLyuM ATaluM to ThIka paraMtu yunivarsiTInA kAvAdAvAne kAraNe temanA upara bIjA keTalAka variSTha adhyApako dvArA maukhika ane anaupacArika rIte sAva kSullaka AkSepo paNa thayA. paraMtu Ano AghAta DaoN. sAMDesarAne ghaNo lAgyo. te eTalI hada sudhI ke temaNe thoDo samaya mAnasika svasthatA gumAvI hatI. e divasomAM eka vakhata teo muMbaI AvyA ane savAre agiyAra vAge mArA ghare AvI caDhyA. temanI mAnasika asvasthAnI mane kazI ja khabara nahi. ajANI vyaktine to teno kazo ja khyAla na Ave. temanA bolavAmAM koI asaMbaddhatA nahotI. khAvApIvAmAM ke haravApharavAmAM paNa kaMI pharaka nahoto. mArA ghare teo AvyA. jamyA ane lagabhaga cAreka vAgyA sudhI beThA. teo satata bolatA ja rahetA. ane temAM potAnI yunivarsiTInI ja vAto karatA rahetA. je koI vyaktione huM oLakhuM paNa nahi evI vyaktio potAnI yunivarsiTImAM zuM zuM kare che enA vize temAM satata kahetA rahyA. mane Azcarya thayuM ke je vAta sAthe ke je vyakti sAthe mane kazI ja nisbata nathI temanA vize ATalI badhI mAMDIne vAta teo kema kare che ? huM viSayAMtara karavA jAuM to teo mArI vAta jarA paNa sAMbhaLe nahi. vAta karatAM temanA avAjamAM ugratA AvI jatI ane tyAre teo mAro hAtha jorathI dabAvIne vAta karatA. koI vakhata bahu AvegamAM AvIne TipoI upara jorathI hAtha pachADatA. teo kalAkane badale cAreka kalAka mArA ghare beThA ethI ja mane kaMIka vicitra lAgyuM. temAM vaLI emano avAja ane uzkerATa paNa asvAbhAvika lAgyA. alabatta, temanA vicAromAM ke abhivyaktimAM asaMbaddhatA nahotI. cAreka vAgye teo UbhA thayA. tyAre mane kaMIka rAhata lAgI paNa tyAM to temaNe mane kahyuM, 'ramaNabhAI, tame taiyAra thaI jAva. ApaNe ahIMthI bhAratIya vidyAbhavanamAM javuM che. tyAM "navanIta-samarpaNa'nA taMtrI ghanazyAma desAIne maLavuM che." huM taiyAra thaI gayo ane bhAratIya vidyAbhavanamAM pahoMcyA. DaoN. sAMDesarAne AvelA joIne zrI ghanazyAma desAI mAnapUrvaka UbhA thaI gayA ane sarasa AvakAra Apyo. ame beThA. Do. sAMDesarAe mAMDIne vAta karI. teo satata bolatA ja rahyA, paraMtu temAM eka mukhya vAta hatI. temaNe ghanazyAma desAIne kahyuM ke, prAcya vidyA maMdiramAM mArA nAme AvatuM "navanIta-samarpaNa' huM ghare laI gayo chuM ane tenA jUnA aMko meM pastImAM vecI nAkhyA che Avo Aropa mArA upara karavAmAM Avyo che. paraMtu tame mane "navanIta-samarpaNa'nA aMko je mokalatA hatA te to mArA aMgata saMbaMdhane kAraNe bheTa tarIke mokalatA hatA, nahi ke prApya vidyA maMdirane mATe. aMkanA repara upara mAruM ja nAma lakhAtuM. chatAM Avo AkSepa 378 ke sAhityadarzana

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thayo che to mAre e loko AgaLa sAbitI rajU karavI che ke A aMka mane aMgata rIte bheTa tarIke maLato hato. to tame tamArA "navanIta samarpaNa'nA leTara peDa upara AvuM sarTiphikeTa mane lakhI Apo.' AvA kSullaka AkSepanI vAta sAMbhaLIne ghanazyAma desAIne paNa bahu Azcarya thayuM. AvA maukhika AkSepone gaNakAravAnA na hoya ke teno javAba ApavAno na hoya. paraMtu DaoN. sAMDesarAne AvA AkSepanI mAnasika coTa lAgI gaI hatI. huM kaMI cora nathI." evuM teo vAraMvAra bolatA hatA e uparathI paNa amane lAgyuM ke DaoN. sAMDesarAe AvA AghAtanA kAraNe mAnasika svasthatA gumAvI dIdhI che. teo ghanazyAma desAIno hAtha paNa vAraMvAra jorathI dabAvIne khUba UMcA avAje bolatA. emanI vAtamAM alpavirAma Avato nahi ane ame vacce kaMI bolIe to te sAMbhaLatA paNa nahi. ATalI vAta karatAM karatAM to bhAratIya vidyAbhavanamAM traNa kalAka vItI gayA ane chatAM DaoN. sAMDesarA zAMta thayA nahotA. ophisa baMdha karavAno vakhata thayo eTale bhAratIya vidyAbhavanamAMthI ame nIce UtaryA. DaoN. sAMDesarA sAmenI galIne cheDe gaMgAdAsa vADImAM potAnA sagAne tyAM UtaryA hatA. Do. sAMDesarA Agraha karIne amane temanI sAthe tyAM laI gayA. teo amAro hAtha evI rIte pakaDI rAkhe ke khasAya paNa nahi. ame emanI sAthe upara gayA ane tyAM beThA. DaoN. sAMDesarAnuM bolavAnuM haju cAlu ja hatuM. ema karatAM karatAM to rAtanA agiyAra vAgI gayA. jematema karIne ame emanAthI chUTA paDyA. paNa nIce UtaratAM mane ane ghanazyAma desAIne tarata ja lAgyuM ke sAMDesarAne evo AghAta lAgyo che ke jethI emaNe mAnasika svasthatA gumAvI dIdhI che. - tyAra pachI to vaDodarAthI paNa khabara paDI ke A vAta sAcI che ane emanA dIkarAe e mATe tarata ja dAktarI upacAra cAlu karI dIdhA che ane thoDA vakhatamAM ja DaoN. sAMDesarA pahelAM hatA tevA svastha thaI gayA. emanA sAthI DaoN. raNajitabhAI paTela - anAmIe jaNAveluM ke agAu paNa DaoN. sAMDesarAe dasa dasa varSanA gALe ema be vakhata mAnasika samatulA gumAvelI, paNa te thoDA divasathI vadhAre TakelI nahi. chellI asvasthatA vadhu cAlelI ane enI ghaNAne khabara paDelI. paraMtu temAMthI teo sAjA thaI gayA ane tyAra pachI sAhitya pariSadanA pramukha paNa banyA hatA. DaoN. sAMDesarAnuM smaraNa thatAM zveta kaphanI, dhotiyuM ane zveta TopIvALI vyaktinuM jIvaMta citra najara sAme taravare che ane keTalAye prasaMgo sAMbhare che. divaMgata DaoN. sAMDesarAne mArI bhAvapUrNa zraddhAMjali arpI chuM. (sAMprata sahaciMtana - 7) DaoN. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA ja 379

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24 sva. hIrAbahena pAThaka zrImatI hIrAbahena rAmanArAyaNa pAThakanuM 1pamI sapTembara 1995nA roja muMbaImAM kensaranI lAMbI bImArI bAda 79 varSanI vaye avasAna thayuM. gujarAtI sAhityajagatanAM eka tejasvI nArIe ApaNI vaccethI vidAya lIdhI. aMgata rIte amane eka svajana gumAvyA jeTaluM duHkha thayuM. mArAM patnI ane huM hIrAbahenane haMmezAM "mAtAjI' kahIne bolAvatAM ane emane e gamatuM paNa kharuM. sAthe ja mAtAtulya apAra vAtsalya amane emanI pAse anubhavavA maLatuM. amArA kuTuMbanA eka sabhya jevAM teo banI rahyAM hatAM. amArI putrI ci. zailajA eka-be varSanI hatI tyArathI ame emane ghare laI jatAM ane teo ene "DhokaLAM mAsI' kahIne bolAvatAM, te chellAM sADatrIsa varSathI jyAre ame maLIe tyAre, ci. zailajAnI khabara pUchatI vakhate "DhokaLAM mAsI zuM kare che ?" ema kahIne ja teo vAta karatAM. amAro putra ci. amitAbha paNa ekAda varSano hato tyAre emanA ghare laI jatAM tyAre teo ene khoLAmAM laI ramADatAM. chellA divasomAM ame hIrAbahenane harakizana haoNspiTalamAM jovA gayelAM ane te divase sadbhAgye teo bhAnamAM hatAM temaja bolavAnI svasthatA ane tAkAta hatI tyAre emaNe "DhokaLAM mAsInI ane amitAbhanI khabara pUchelI. hIrAbahena sAtheno mAro paricaya cheka 1949mAM zarU thayelo. 1949mAM huM ema.e.no abhyAsa karato hato tyAre baLavaMtarAya ThAkora ane rAmanArAyaNa pAThakanI nimaNUka muMbaI yunivarsiTIe ema. e.nA mAnArha adhyApaka tarIke karelI ane teo baMne vilasana kaoNlejamAM amArA varga levA AvatA. tyArathI e be vaDIla sAhityakArone ghare javA-AvavA jeTalo aMgata saMbaMdha mAre thayelo. pAThakasAheba 380 sAhityadarzana

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atyaMta saMvedanazIla hatA. ema.e.nA vargamAM bhaNAvatI vakhate jyAre jyAre sarasvatIcaMdra ane kumudanI vAta nIkaLe tyAre teo gaLagaLA thaI jatA ane emanI AMkhamAMthI AMsu vahetAM. koIka vAra to teo potAnI jAtane rokI zakatA nahi ane have potAnAthI vadhu bolAze nahi evo izAro karI teo varga pUro karI UbhA thaI jatA. pAThakasAheba vilasana kolejanI pAse ja be miniTanA aMtare rahetA eTale keTalIka vakhata ame emane ghare maLavA jatA ane tyArathI hIrAbahena sAthe paNa paricaya thayelo. 1950mAM ema.e. thayA pachI huM AraMbhamAM patrakAratvanA kSetramAM ane tyAra pachI kaoNlejamAM adhyApananA kSetramAM kAma karato rahyo hato. ema.e. pachI mAre pIeca.DI.no abhyAsa karavo hato. naLa-damayaMtInI kathAno viSaya mAre pIeca.DI. mATe rAkhavo evI bhalAmaNa baLavaMtarAya ThAkore mane karI hatI. "manISA' nAmanA mArA soneTa-saMgrahanA saMpAdana nimitte baLavaMtarAyane ghare dara aThavADiye javAnuM thatuM. temaNe naLa-damayaMtInI kathAno viSaya sUcavyo, paNa teo gAIDa nahotA. muMbaI yunivarsiTImAM pIeca.DI.nA gAiDa tarIke muMbaImAM zarUAtanAM varSomAM ekamAtra pAThakasAheba ja hatA. eTale je koIne pIeca.DI.no abhyAsa karavo hoya temaNe pAThakasAheba pAse ja javuM paDe. meM 1951mAM naLa ane damayaMtInI kathAno vikAsa' e viSaya para pIeca.DI.no abhyAsa karavAnuM vicAryuM. e mATe pAThakasAhebane maLavA ghaNI vAra gayo hato. mArA A viSayamAM pAThakasAhebane potAne paNa ghaNo rasa hato. premAnaMda ane bhAlaNanA naLAkhyAna' uparAMta rAmacaMdrasUrikRta "nalavilAsa' nATaka vize emaNe abhyAsa karyo hato. paraMtu emanA mArgadarzana heThaLa huM vidhisara mAro viSaya noMdhAvuM te pahelAM to teo avasAna pAmyA. A viSayane nimitte pAThakahebane 1951thI 1955nA gALAmAM ghaNI vAra maLavAnuM thayuM hatuM. eTaluM ja nahi, koI sabhAmAM ke rastAmAM teo maLe tyAre mArA viSayanI carcA karavA mATe UbhA rahetA. koI vAra mAruM dhyAna na hoya to sAmethI bolAvatA. paraMtu evI dareka vakhate hIrAbahena vAtane vALI laIne mane kahetAM, "bhAI, ghare nirAMte maLavA Avajone. ahIM mAre moDuM thAya che." huM kaheto, "tamArA ghare jyAre AvIe tyAre cArapAMca jaNa beThAM hoya ane mArI vAta sarakhI thAya nahi. ahIM rastAmAM bIjuM koI hoya nahi eTale pAMca-sAta miniTanI vAtacItamAM paNa ghaNuM jANavAnuM maLe che.' huM joto hato ke pAThakasAheba vAta karavA ghaNA utsAhI rahetA ane hIrAbahenanA aTakAvyA pachI paNa teo vAta karavAnuM cAlu rAkhatA. pAThakasAhebane sva. hIrAbahena pAThaka - 381

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sAhityanA adhyayana-saMzodhanamAM je UMDo rasa hato ene lIdhe ja teo ATalI nirAMte vAta karI zakatA. gRhiNI tarIke hIrAbahenanI utAvaLa samajI zakAya evI hatI. hIrAbahenano janma 1916mAM muMbaImAM thayelo. emanA pitAzrI kalyANarAya mahetA custa gAMdhIvAdI hatA. teo dakSiNa AphrikAmAM gAMdhIjI sAthe rahelA. gAMdhIjIe dakSiNa AphrikAnA satyAgrahano itihAsa' nAmanA graMthamAM potAnA sAthIdAra tarIke kalyANarAyano ullekha karyo che. gAMdhIjI sAthe teo koI koIvAra cAlIsa mAIla jeTaluM aMtara page cAlyA che. dakSiNa AphrikAthI pAchA pharyA pachI teo muMbaI AvIne sthAyI thayA hatA. teo bAbulanAtha pAse rahetA hatA. e ja vistAramAM rahetA sva. paramAnaMda kuMvarajI kApaDiyAe mane 1952-53mAM hIrAbahena pAThakanA pitAzrI ane gAMdhIjInA sAthIdAra tarIke kalyANarAya mahetAno paricaya karAvelo. kalyANarAya mahetA roja sAMje potAnA gharethI cAlatA pharavA nIkaLatA ane cheka narImAna poInTa sudhI jaIne pAchA AvatA. roja dasa-paMdara kilomITara cAlavAno emano niyama hato. teo marInaDrAiva para mane ghaNI vAra malatA ane potAnA anubhavonI vAta karatA. teo svabhAve atyaMta zAMta, prasanna ane ochAbolA hatA. - hIrAbahene meTrika thayA pachI muMbaInI karyuM eTale hAlanI esa.ena.DI.TI. yunivarsiTImAM abhyAsa cAlu karyo hato. 1936mAM emaNe gujarAtI viSaya sAthe karve yunivarsiTImAMthI jI.e.nI DigrI meLavI hatI. 1938mAM hIrA kalyANarAya mahetAnA nAmathI emaNe "ApaNuM vivecanasAhitya' e nAmano zodhanibaMdha lakhIne karve yunivarsiTInI pI.e.nI DigrI meLavI hatI, je muMbaI yunivarsiTInI lagabhaga ema.e.nI DigrI javI gaNAtI. e zodhanibaMdha mATe emanA gAIDa rAmanArAyaNa vizvanAtha pAThaka hatA. teo karve yunivarsiTImAM gujarAtI viSayanA adhyApaka hatA. rAmanArAyaNa pAThaka tyAre vidhUra hatA. ekAvana-bAvana varSanI tyAre temanI uMmara hatI. emanA mArgadarzana heThaLa bAvIseka varSanAM kumArI hIrA mahetA adhyayana karatAM hatAM. A zodhanibaMdhane nimitte hIrAbahenane rAmanArAyaNa pAThakane vAraMvAra maLavAnuM thatuM ane ene kAraNe baMne vacce paraspara snehAkarSaNa thayuM hatuM. potAnA karatAM lagabhaga trIsa varSa moTA evA rAmanArAyaNa pAThaka sAthe lagna karavAM e sAmAjika dRSTie khaLabhaLATa macAve evI ghaTanA hatI. vaLI baMnenI jJAti judI hatI. rAmanArAyaNa praznorA nAgara hatA ane hIrAbahena kapoLa vaNika kuTuMbanAM hatAM. sAteka 382 sAhityadarzana

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varSa A rIte paraspara maitrI cAlI, pachI teoe lagna karI lIdhAM. - hIrAbahene jyAre pAThakasAheba sAthe lagna karyA tyAre ghaNo UhApoha thayo hato. (Aje AvI ghaTanA bane to eTalo UhApoha kadAca na thAya.) e divasomAM 'vaMdemAtaram' dainikamAM zAmaLadAsa gAMdhI ane yaza zukle A viSayane bahu cagAvyo hato. gujarAtanA nAmAMkita, pratiSThita sAhityakAro, keLavaNIkAro vagerenA aMgata abhiprAyo meLavIne rojeroja teo chApatA. ghaNAMkharAMnA abhiprAya A lagnanI viruddha AvatA, to keTalAMkanA abhiprAyo emanI tarapheNamAM paNa AvatA. vaLI 'vaMdemAtaramumAM e divasomAM pAThakasAheba ane hIrAbahenanAM lagna upara kaTAkSa karatAM kArTuno paNa chapAyAM hatAM. e divasomAM huM jheviyarsa kaoNlejamAM vidyArthI tarIke abhyAsa karato hato ane rAmanArAyaNa pAThaka amArI kaoNlejamAM vyAkhyAna ApavA mATe AvelA. vyAkhyAnanA aMte sAhitya vize praznottarI hatI. temAM koIka vidyArthIe pAThakasAheba pAse jaIne emanA hAthamAM sIdho potAno prazna ciThThImAM lakhIne mUkyo. pAThakasAheba to Ave evA ja prazro vAMcatA ane tarata javAba ApatA. A vidyArthIno prazna hato ke guruthI potAnI ziSyA sAthe lagna thaI zake ?" A prazna sAMbhaLatAM ja vidyArthIomAM khaLabhaLATa macI gayo. amArA jhAlAsAheba ane manasukhalAla jhaverI UbhA thaI gayA ane bolyA ke "koIe aMgata prazna pUchavAno nathI. paraMtu pAThakasAhebe kheladilIthI kahyuM, "koI vidyArthIone aTakAvazo nahi." pachI emaNe kahyuM: "A vidyArthIe je prazna karyo che te aMge mAro uttara e che ke guruthI ziSyA sAthe lagna thaI zake nahi. mArI aMgata vAta judI che. tenAM kAraNonI carcAmAM huM nahi UtaruM. paNa huM ema mAnuM chuM ke guruthI ziSyA sAthe lagna na thaI zake. pAThakasAheba e prasaMge jarA paNa asvastha thayA nahotA ke uzakerAyA nahotA. svabacAva karavAne badale emaNe potAno javAba siddhAMtanI dRSTie Apyo hato. lagna pachI hIrAbahena ane pAThakasAheba thoDo vakhata amadAvAdamAM rahI AvIne pachI muMbaImAM grAnTa roDa pAse eka phleTamAM rahevA lAgyAM hatAM. keTaloka samaya teo e gharamAM rahyAM, paraMtu pachI pAThakasAhebane hRdayaroganI takalIpha cAlu thaI ane e ghare ghadara vadhAre caDhavAnA hovAthI teo bAbulanAtha pAse, bhAratIya vidyA bhavananI sAmenI galImAM navA baMdhAyelA makAnamAM pahelA mALe rahevA AvyAM. A navuM ghara temanA mATe badhI rIte anukULa hatuM ane baMnenA jIvananA aMta sudhI e emanuM ghara rahyuM. A navA ghare pAThakasAhebe hIMcako paNa baMdhAvyo hato. pustako rAkhavA mATe jagyA paNa ghaNI moTI ane anukULa hatI. vaLI pAThakasAheba kanaiyAlAla sva. hIrAbahena pAThaka 383

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munazIe sthApelA bhAratIya vidyA bhavanamAM kAma karatA, eTale page cAlIne tyAM traNa-cAra miniTamAM pahoMcI zakatA. pAThakasAheba muMbaInA sAhityajagatanA, baLavaMtarAya ThAkora ane kanaiyAlAla munazInI jema, agragaNya sAhityakAra, paMDita yuganA chellA pratinidhi jevA hatA. tethI pAThakasAhebanA ghare sAhityakAronI ane sAhityarasika lokonI avarajavara ghaNI rahetI. hIrAbahena pAThakasAhebanuM khAvA-pIvA mATe ghaNuM dhyAna rAkhatA. kharIdI mATe khAdInAM paheraNa, dhotiyuM, pAyajAmo ne TopI kharIdavA khAdI bhaMDAramAM sAthe jatAM. hIrAbahene pAThakasAhebane maLavA AvatA mulAkAtIo upara niyaMtraNa cAlu karI dIdhuM hatuM. e divasomAM Teliphona nahoto eTale maLavA AvanArA to acAnaka ja AvI caDyA hoya. pAThakasAhebane darekanI sAthe nirAMte zAMtithI vAta karavAnI Teva ane 'tame have jAva' evA zabdo to emanA mukhamAMthI nIkaLe ja nahi. pariNAme emanA ghare jyAre jaIe tyAre traNa-cAra mANaso beThAM ja hoya. koIne aMgata vAta karavI hoya topaNa phAve nahi mulAkAtIonI avarajavara bahu vadhI gaI tyAre hIrAbahene gharanI bahAra mulAkAtano samaya lakhIne borDa mUkI dIdhuM. savAranA pAThakasAheba potAnA svAdhyAya ane lekhanamAM pravRtta hoya, bapore jamIne ArAma kare eTale mulAkAtano samaya bapore cArathI sAtano jAhera karI dIdho. pachI game tevI vyakti AgaLapAchaLa maLavA jAya to hIrAbahena mulAkAtIone bAraNAmAMthI ja vaLAvI detAM. Ama karavuM e emanA mATe jarUrI hatuM. to ja pAThakasAheba "bRhad piMgaLa' jevo graMtha pUro karI zakyA. hIrAbahenanI A vadhAre paDatI cIvaTane kAraNe keTalAka sAhityakArone mAThuM lAgatuM ane potAno kacavATa mAMhomAMhe vyakta karatAM. be vaDIla sAhityakArone aMdaroaMdara bolatA eka vakhata meM sAMbhaLyA hatA ke, hIrAbahena pAThakasAhebanuM eTaluM badhuM dhyAna rAkhe che ke jANe teo temane attaranA hojamAM navaDAvatAM na hoya !" to bIjA sAhityakAre kahyuM, "bhalene attaranA hojamAM navaDAve. emAM ApaNuM zuM jAya che? paraMtu teo navaDAvatAM navaDAvatAM attaranA hojamAM DubADI na de to sAruM !" hRdayaroganI bImArI cAlu thayA pachI pAThakasAhebe niyamita pharavAnuM cAlu karyuM hatuM. teo potAnA gharethI sAMje koI vAra hIrAbahena sAthe to koI vAra ekalA pharavA nIkaLI jatA ane bAbulanAthanA vistAramAM eka-be kilomITara jeTaluM cAlIne pAchA AvatA. pAThakasAhebane gharanI bahAra javuM bahu game, paraMtu hRdayaroganI bImArI pachI muMbaImAM bahAra javAnI eTalI anukULatA nahotI. muMbaImAM paNa jyAM dAdara caDavAno hoya tevI gyAe teo javAnuM nivAratA. e divasomAM 384 sAhityadarzana

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muMbaImAM lekhaka-milananI pravRtti sArI rIte cAlatI. pItAMbara paTela enA maMtrI hatA. teo pAThakasAhebanA vidyArthI hatA. eTale pAThakasAhebanAM vyAkhyAno teo vAraMvAra goThavatA. lekhakamilana pAse eTaluM bhaMDoLa nahotuM ke holanA bhADAnA rUpiyA kharcIne vyAkhyAnanI pravRtti calAve. vaLI tyAre evI praNAlikA paNa nahotI. AthI amArI jheviyarsa kolejanA vyAkhyAna khaMDamAM lekhaka-milananAM vyAkhyAno yojAtAM. te ghaNuMkharuM pahelA ke bIje mALe rAkhavAmAM AvatAM. paraMtu pAThakasAhebanuM jyAre vyAkhyAna hoya tyAre hIrAbahenanA AgrahathI bhoMyataLiye kemisTrIno rUma ame kholAvatA ke jethI karIne pAThakasAhebane dAdaro caDavo paDe nahi. pharavAnuM sArI rIte maLe ane citta bIjI vAtamAM parovAya tathA haLavuM thAya evA AzayathI hIrAbahene pAThakasAheba mATe eka sarasa upAya zodhI kADhyo hato. teo savAre ke sAMje bAbulanAthanI eca rUTanI (hAla 103 naMbaranI) khAlI basamAM bese ane TheTha kolAbA ke Ara. sI. carca sudhI eka kalAke pahoMce tyAM teo basanI aMdara ja besI rahe ane e ja basamAM pAchA bAbulanAtha AvI pahoMce. AvI rIte teo jude jude sthaLe jatA ane e ja basamAM pAchA pharatA. javAnuM prayojana bIjuM kaMI ja nahi. basa-rAIDamAM A rIte temanA traNeka kalAka AnaMdamAM pasAra thatA. dareka sTaoNpa upara musApharonI caDa-Utara, avara-javara jovA maLe. vRddhAvasthAmAM pAThakasAheba mATe muMbaI nagarInA jIvanamAM A eka sAro upAya hota. 1955mAM pAThakasAhebanuM avasAna thayuM te divase paNa teo basamAM pharI pAchA bAbulanAtha UtaryA ane tyAMthI cAlatAM cAlatAM ghara pAse pahoMcavA AvyA te pahelAM ja makAnanA daravAjA pAse temane hRdayarogano moTo humalo Avyo. teo tyAM ja avasAna pAmyA. e prasaMge hIrAbahene ghaNuM kalpAMta karyuM hatuM. tyAra pachI pAThakasAhebanA zabane jyAre laI javAmAM AvyuM hatuM tyAre paNa hIrAbahena zabane vaLagI paDyAM hatAM, ane Artasvare bolatAM hatAM, "huM tamane nahi laI javA dauM.. tame mane mUkIne kema cAlyA jAva cho .' hIrAbahenane A ghaTanAthI keTalo UMDo AghAta lAgyo hato tenI tyAre pratIti thaI hatI. pAThakasAhebanA avasAna pachI hIrAbahena ghaNAM vyAkuLa rahetAM. sAMtvana mATe teo tattvajJAnanA graMtho vAMcatAM, paraMtu saMskRta bhASAmAM lakhAyelA graMthonuM rahasya sahelAIthI samajAtuM nahIM, kAraNa ke kaoNlejanA abhyAsa daramiyAna emaNe saMskRtano viSaya rAkhyo nahoto. e arasAmAM ekAda vakhata umAzaMkara jozIe hIrAbahenane kaheluM ke "tamAre upaniSado vAMcavA hoya to pro. gaurIprasAda jhAlA pAse jajo. huM sva. hIrAbahena pAThaka - 385

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paNa bhalAmaNa karIza.' umAzaMkare jhAlAsAhebane e mATe bhalAmaNa karI. AthI hIrAbahene jhAlAsAhebanA ghare svAdhyAya mATe niyamita javAnuM cAlu karyuM. A prakAranA adhyayanathI emane mananI ghaNI zAMti maLI. pachI to jhAlAsAheba sAthe emane ghara jevo saMbaMdha thaI gayo. jhAlAsAhebanA vidyArthI tarIke ane kaoNlejamAM saha-adhyApaka tarIke mAre paNa pitAtulya evA jhAlAsAhebanA ghare ghaNI vAra javAnuM thatuM. hIrAbahena tyAM maLatAM. amArI jheviyarsa kaoNlejanI saMskRta viSayanI eka vidyArthinI bahena mInaLa vorA eka kaoNlejamAM saMskRta viSayanI adhyApikA thaI hatI. te paNa jhAlAsAhebane maLavA AvatI. mInaLa pote moTarakAra calAve. eTale muMbaInA koI sAhityika kAryakramamAM amAre javAnuM hoya to mInaLa amane traNene levA Ave ane pAchAM pharatAM ghare mUkI jAya. amAro sAhityika saMgAtha A rIte ghaNAM varSo sudhI cAlyo. jhAlAsAhebanA avasAna pachI paNa bahena mInaLa ane hIrAbahena varSo sudhI sAthe jatAM-AvatAM rahetAM. pro. gaurIprasAda jhAlAnA svargavAsa pachI emanI smRti rahe e mATe kazuMka ka2vuM joIe evuM emanA vidyArthIo ane zubhecchakone lAgyuM ane ochAmAM ochuM, jhAlAsAhebanA lekho graMthastha thavA joIe temaja e mATe phaMDa ekaThuM karavuM joIe evo nirNaya karI pro. gaurIprasAda jhAlA smAraka samiti"nI ame racanA karI. enI keTalIka beThako hIrAbahenanA ghare yojavAmAM AvatI. gaurIprasAda jhAlAnA aMgrejI, gujarAtI ane saMskRta bhASAmAM lakhAyelAM tamAma lakhANo pragaTa thaI cUkyAM. te pachI smAraka samitinuM kazuM kAma na rahetAM enA visarjana mATenI chellI beThaka paNa hIrAbahenanA ghare rAkhavAmAM AvI hatI. ame e divasomAM copATI rahetAM hatAM. eTale pAMceka miniTanA aMtare page cAlIne huM ane mArAM patnI sAMje hIrAbahenane ghaNI vAra maLavA jatAM. tyAre amArA koIne ghare Teliphona nahoto. hIrAbahena gha2mAM che ke nahi tenI nIcethI ja khabara paDI jatI. teo gha2mAM hoya to temanI gaeNlerInI jALI khullI hoya ane lAiTa cAlu hoya. pAThakasAhebane hIMcakAno bahu zokha hato ane temanA gayA pachI hIrAbahene paNa hIMcake besIne lakhavA-vAMcavAnuM cAlu rAkhyuM hatuM. hIrAbahena sAMjanA copATI bAju pharavA nIkaLe to amAre ghare AvI caDatAM. temane gAvAnuM bahu game. amAre tyAM Ave tyAre ekAda-be gIta gAyAM hoya. ame keTalIka vAra virAra pAse AvelA agAzI tIrthanI yAtrAe jatAM. hIrAbahena amArI sAthe agAzInI yAtrAe paNa AvatAM. pAThakasAhebanA avasAna pachI hIrAbahene paraloke patra' e zIrSakathI 386 * sAhityadarzana

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pAThakasAhebane saMbodhIne vanavelI chaMdamAM kavitArUpe patro lakhavA cAlu karyA hatA. emanI e racanAoe gujarAtI sAhityakAronuM sAruM evuM dhyAna kheMcyuM hatuM. e patro graMtharUpe pragaTa thayA tyAre e mATe hIrAbahenane pAritoSiko paNa maLyAM hatAM. e divasomAM hIrAbahenanI saMvedanazakti eTalI khIlI hatI ke teo sAcAM kavayitrI banI gayAM hatAM. potAnA ghare je koI maLavA Ave tene potAnI navI lakhelI paMktio saMbhaLAvatAM. teo vahelI savAre pAMceka vAge UThI jatAM ane jAte dUdha levA jatAM. te vakhate dUdhanI lAinamAM UbhAM UbhAM teo paraloke patranAM kAvyonI paMktionI racanA karatAM. savAranuM zAMta, madhura, zItala vAtAvaraNa emane mATe ghaNuM preraka banatuM. hIrAbahenanuM pAThakasAheba sAthenuM dAmpatyajIvana prema ane bahumAnapUrvakanuM hatuM. teo pAThakasAhebamaya banI gayAM hatAM. pAThakasAhebanA avasAna pachI paNa teo temane satata yAda karatAM rahetAM. hIrAbahenane ghare gayA hoIe ane kaMI vAta nIkaLe to teo 'e kahetA ke...' ema kahIne keTalIya jUnI vAtonuM smaraNa tAjuM karatAM. hIrAbahene pAThakasAhebanA avasAna pachI tarata ja eka dRDha saMkalpa evo karyo hato ke pAThakasAhebanA nAmanI je kaMI rakama che te tathA pAThakasAhebane emanA graMthomAMthI je kaMI royalTI maLe te rakamamAMthI potAnI aMgata jarUriyAta mATe kazuM ja levuM nahi. potAnuM gujarAna nokarInA pagAramAMthI cAlI rahe ema hatuM. eTale pAThakasAhebanI badhI rakama sAhityanAM kAryo mATe vAparavAno nirNaya karyo. hIrAbahenano A nirNaya ghaNo ja udAra ane udAtta hato. pote karakasarathI rahetAM, paNa pAThakasAhebanI rakama potAnA mATe vAparatAM nahi. pAThakasAhebanI rakamamAMthI teo khAnagImAM keTalAka sAhityakArane Arthika sahAya karatAM. keTalAMkane graMthaprakAzana mATe madada karatAM ane chatAM e badhI vAtonI kazI prasiddhi na thAya tenI khevanA rAkhatAM. gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadane paNa A rIte emaNe pAThakasAhebanA nAmanI jamA thayelI rakamamAMthI mAtabara rakamanuM dAna ApyuM hatuM. pAThakasAhebanA avasAna pachI hIrAbahene sAhityanA kSetre kavitA, vivecanalekho, saMzodhana ItyAdi prakAranI lekhanapravRtti ThIka ThIka karI lIdhI hatI. temaNe raNajitarAma suvarNacaMdraka, narmada suvarNacaMdraka, umAsneharazmi pAritoSika vagere prApta karyA hatAM. gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA vibhAgIya pramukha tarIke paNa temanI varaNI thaI hatI ane pariSadanA upapramukha tarIke paNa temaNe keTalAMka varSa mATe sArI sevA ApI hatI. e divasomAM hIrAbahena sAhitya pariSadanI pravRttiomAM sva. hIrAbahena pAThaka 387

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sakriya rasa letAM. upa-pramukha ane vibhAgIya pramukhanuM sthAna prApta karyA pachI hIrAbahenane evI AzA hatI ke AMtararASTrIya mahilA varSa daramiyAna koI mahilA sAhityakArane sAhitya pariSadanA pramukhanuM sthAna maLavuM joIe. ema jo thAya to pote ene mATe yogya umedavAra che ema emane lAgatuM. paraMtu sAhitya pariSadamAM to pramukhanI cUMTaNI mATe je niyamo che te jotAM hIrAbahena temAM phAvI zake nahi. eTale emaNe e dizAmAM prayAsa karavAnuM mAMDI vALyuM. muMbaImAM potAne ghare phona meLavavo e ghaNI takalIphanI vAta rahI che. hIrAbahenanA ghare jyAre phona Avyo tyAre temane khUba AnaMda thayo. phonathI tarata saMparka thaI zake. keTaleya ThekANe jAte javuM na paDe ane keTalAMya kAma jhaDapathI karI zakAya. hIrAbahenanA ghare A phona Avyo e emane mATe utsava jevI ghaTanA hatI, kAraNa ke ethI gharamAM ekalatA lAgatI nahi. potAnA ghare phona AvyA pachI hIrAbahenanA saMparko ghaNA vadhI gayA hatA. muMbaI ane gujarAtanA sAhityajagatanI pravRttionA vividha pravAhathI phona dvArA teo satata paricayamAM rahetAM. ene lIdhe hIrAbahenano phona satata rokAyelo raheto. mAMDIne vAta karavAnI emanI prakRtine lIdhe paNa temanI sAtheno phona ThIka ThIka samaya sudhI cAlato. emano phona Ave ane chete' zabdathI teo keTalIka vAra zarUAta karatAM ane vacce paNa che.te', chete "ema.ke' bolavAnI paNa emane Adata hatI. emanA uccArano judo ja laheko hato. badhA dAMta paDAvyA pachI batrIsI AvI te pachI hIrAbahenanA lahekAmAM thoDoka pharaka paDyo hato, paraMtu emanI cetanAnI uSmA to evI ja anubhavAtI. hIrAbahenano phona koI koI vAra to kalAkano samaya vaTAvI jato. ane ethI ja kaMIka kAma prasaMge harAbahenane phona karavAno hoya ane utAvaLamAM hoIe to manamAM ema thAya ke, "hamaNAM phona karavo nathI; vAta karavAnI majA nahi Ave." eka divasa hIrAbahene potAnI ciMtA vyakta karatAM amane kahyuM ke "thoDA divasathI koIkano roja rAtanA bethI traNa vAgyAnI vacce phona Ave che. huM UThIne lauM chuM paNa sAmethI koI bolatuM nathI. koIka satAvatuM lAge che. meM kahyuM, "tame eka nusakho ajamAvI juo. rAtre daseka vAge sUI jAva tyAre risIvara nIce mUkIne sUI jAva, ane savAre cha vAge UTho tyAre risIvara pAchuM sarakhuM mUkI do. hIrAbahene ekAda mahino e pramANe karatAM aDadI rAte Avato phona baMdha thaI gayo hato. pachIthI to hIrAbahene evI Teva rAkhI hatI ke koIno paNa phona Ave ke tarata pote bolatAM nahi. sAmeno paricita avAja hoya to ja bolavAnuM cAlu kare. 388 : sAhityadarzana

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I. sa. 1960nI AsapAsa hIrAbahene esa.ena.DI.TI. yunivarsiTImAM ema.e.nA gujarAtI viSayanA eksaTarnala lekca22 tarIke mArA nAmanI bhalAmaNa karI. dara aThavADiye bethI traNa lekcara e yunivarsiTImAM levAnuM mAre nakkI thayuM. ene lIdhe e yunivarsiTInA sTAphanA sabhyo sAthe mAre vadhu paricayamAM AvavAnuM banyuM. jyAre paNa lekcara levA jAuM tyAre prinsipAla phATakane becAra miniTa mATe paNa maLavA javAnuM rahetuM hatuM. suMdarajIbhAI beTAI paNa tyAre tyAM beThelA hoya. A rIte prinsipAla phATaka sAthe mAre gADha saMbaMdha thayo ane prativarSa ema.e.nA lekca2 mATe teo mane nimaMtraNa mokalatA rahyA. ATheka varSa e rIte e yunivarsiTI sAthe ema.e.nAM lekcarsane nimitte huM saMlagna rahyo. daramiyAna ema.e.nA parIkSaka tarIke paNa e yunivarsiTImAM mArI nimaNUka thavA lAgI ane enA gujarAtI borDanA sabhya tarIke paNa mane niyukta karavAmAM Avyo. zrImatI zAradAbahena dIvAna tyAre rajisTrAra hatAM ane IzvarabhAI kAjI DepyuTI rajisTrAra hatA. IzvarabhAI kAjIne mAre vAraMvAra maLavAnuM thatuM. teoe hIrAbahenanI bhalAmaNathI te vakhate mane e yunivarsiTImAM koIkanuM gujarAtImAM lakheluM pustaka bhASAnI dRSTie sudhAravA mATe ApyuM. e pustaka te bIjA koIkanA pustakamAMthI karelI sIdhI uThAMtarI che evuM meM jyAre IzvarabhAI kAjIne batAvyuM tyAre teo Azcaryacakita thaI gayA hatA. pustaka sudhAravAnuM A kAma mane soMpyuM te badala teo rAjI thayA ane te lakhanA lekhakane bolAvIne temaNe A uThAMtarI batAvI ane Akhoya graMtha pharIthI navesarathI lakhAvyo. AthI kAjIsAheba sAthe paNa mAre gADha paricaya thayo. esa.ena.DI.TI. yunivarsiTImAM huM gayo houM tyAre kAjIsAhebane namaste karyA vinA pAcho pharuM to temane mAThuM lAgatuM. yunivarsiTI grAMTa kamizane muMbaI yunivarsiTI ane esa.ena.DI.TI. yunivarsiTI mATe gujarAtI viSayamAM prophesaranI posTanI maMjUrI ApI, paraMtu sarakArI kAryavAhInA kAraNe teno amala thatAM to pAMceka varSa nIkaLI gayAM. pariNAme e sthAnanI utsukatApUrvaka rAha jonAra evA manasukhalAla jhaverI, suMdarajI beTAI vagere keTalAka dhuraMdhara prAdhyApako, nivRttivaya vaTAvI cUkyA. e sthAna temane maLyuM nahi. gujarAta yunivarsiTImAM umAzaMkara jozIne prophesaranuM sthAna maLyuM hatuM. eTale prophesa2nA pada mATenA umedavAra umAzaMkaranI kakSAnA hovA joIe evI moTI apekSA tyAre baMdhA IhatI. eTale AvuM mAnabharyuM pada sahelAIthI koInA hAthamAM na javA devuM evI lAgaNI vaDIla adhyApakomAM pravartIta hatI. trIseka varSa pahelAMnI e paristhiti upara AjanA prophesaronI kakSAnA saMdarbhamAM jyAre vicAra karIe chIe tyAre e sva. hIrAbahena pAThaka * 389

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vakhate ApaNA vaDIla adhyApakoe kevo anyAya gujarAtI bhASAne ane sAthe sAthe ApaNAM samartha adhyApakone karyo hato te samajAya che. 1967-68mAM esa.ena.DI.TI. yunivarsiTImAM prophesaronI posTa mATe yu.jI.sI.nI maMjUrI maLI hatI. e posTanI jAherAta thatAM hIrAbahena to e mATe arajI karavAnAM ja hatAM, paraMtu prinsipAla phATakanA AgrahathI mAre paNa e posTa mATe arajI karavAnuM prApta thayuM hatuM. mArI bahu icchA nahotI. paraMtu saMjogo evA UbhA thayA hatA ke arajI karavI paDe tema hatI. e mATe jhAlAsAhebanI tathA hIrAbahenanI saMmati pachI ja meM arajI karI hatI. e divasomAM hIrAbahena mATe eka prazna e Ubho thayo hato ke emaNe potAnA zodhanibaMdha pachI navuM kaMI saMzodhanakArya karyuM na hatuM. prophesaranI posTa prApta karavA mATe AvuM kaMIka saMpAdanasaMzodhana karavuM Avazyaka hatuM. hIrAbahene e vize mane vAta karI. caMdra-caMdrAvatInI vArtAnuM saMpAdana InTaravyu pahelAM prakAzita karavAnI temanI icchA hatI. e mATe temaNe mArI sahAya mAgI. bhAratIya vidyAbhavanamAM besIne A saMpAdana taiyAra karavAmAM meM temane sahAya karI. e vakhate hIrAbahena pAse nikhAlasatAthI eka vAta meM rajU karI ke, "harAbahena, prophesaranI posTa mATe huM paNa arajI karavAno chuM. eTale caMdra-caMdrAvatInI vArtAnA saMpAdanamAM meM tamane sahAya karI che evo ullekha tame na karo evuM huM icchuM chuM, kAraNa ke prinsipAla phATaka to e vAtane ja vaLagI raheze ke hIrAbahena karatAM ramaNalAla zAha caDiyAtA che. hIrAbahene e vAta mAnya rAkhI. e divasomAM muMbaImAM be vyaktione prophesaranA pada mATe apAtra TharAvIne muMbaI yunivarsiTI ane esa.ena.DI.TI. yunivarsiTIe bhAre anyAya karyo hato ema ghaNAMne tyAre lAgyuM hatuM H (1) DaoN. kAntilAla bI. vyAsa ane (2) zrImatI hIrAbahena pAThaka. DaoN. kAntilAla vyAsa madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityanA prakhara abhyAsI ane saMzodhaka hatA. teo AMtararASTrIya khyAti dharAvanAra ane vaLI bhASAvijJAnanA paNa niSNAta hatA. prophesaranI posTa mATe muMbaI yunivarsiTImAM emaNe jyAre arajI karI tyAre teo ekamAtra umedavAra hatA. teo e sthAna mATe yogya ja hatA. chatAM AvuM mAnabharyuM sthAna emane na ApavAnA dveSabhaya prayAso thayA hatA. tyAre pasaMdagI samitimAM pro. amRtalAla yAjJika, pro. beTAI vagere hatA. pro. anaMtarAya rAvaLa amadAvAdathI hetupUrvaka AvyA nahi. madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityanA niSNAta DaoN. kAntilAla vyAsane inTarabUmAM emanA abhyAsanA viSayanA kSetrane lagato koI prazna na pUchatAM bodalera, kema, kAphakA, sAtra, kirkIgArDa, ebsarDa DrAmA, enTinovela, astitvavAda vagere vize prazno pUchavAmAM AvyA. joke pUchanArano 3% ke sAhityadarzana

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potAno e viSayono abhyAsa inTaravyumAM pAsa thavA jeTalo nahoto. dareka prazna vakhate DaoN. vyAsane javAba Apavo paDyo ke "mApha karajo, e mArA abhyAsano viSaya nathI." AvI rIte AvA AvA prazna pUchIne pasaMdagI samitie DaoN. vyAsane kazuM ja AvaDatuM nathI evuM vAIsa cAnselara ane sarakArI pratinidhi samakSa batAvIne prophesaranI posTa mATe apAtra TharAvyA. evI ja rIte esa.ena.DI.TI. yunivarsiTImAM rIDaranI posTa dharAvanAra hIrAbahena pAThakane prophesaranI posTa na ApatAM anyAya thayo hato. pasaMdagI samitimAM umAzaMkara jozI paNa hatA. InTaravyu pachI eka mAtra umAzaMkara jozIe hIrAbahenane prophesaranI posTa maLavI joIe evo abhiprAya darzAvyo hato. pasaMdagI samitinI beThakamAM prinsipAla phATake hIrAbahenanA adhyApanakAryathI potAne saMtoSa nathI evuM lekhita nivedana rajU karyuM jenI koI jarUra nahotI. evA nivedana pAchaLa kAvataruM hatuM. ethI umAzaMkara A badhI cAla samajI gayA, gusse thayA ane kahyuM : "I smell a rat in this meeting' ane pasaMdagI samitinA ahevAlamAM pote bIjA sabhyonA abhiprAya sAthe saMmata nathI evI virodhanI noMdha lakhI ane vAisa cAnselara leDI ThAkarazIne pachI kahyuM ke pote have esa.ena.DI.TI. yunivarsiTInuM koI nimaMtraNa svIkAraze nahi. hIrAbahenane prophesaranI posTa maLI nahi enuM duHkha ghaNuM rahyuM. pachI to teo rAjInAmuM mUkI yunivarsiTImAMthI vahelAM nivRtta thaI gayAM. jyAM sudhI kaoNlejamAM adhyApikA tarIke hIrAbahena kAma karatAM hatAM tyAM sudhI to temano samaya kayAM pasAra thaI jato tenI khabara paDatI nahi. paraMtu nivRtta thayA pachI temaNe najIkamAM bhAratIya vidyA bhavanamAM rojeroja jaIne potAnA adhyayananI pravRtti satata cAlu rAkhI hatI. potAne nokara-cAkaranA samaya sAcavavAnI parAdhInatA nahotI gamatI. eTalA mATe teo keTalAMka gharakAma hAthe ja karI letAM. teo sAdAIthI rahetAM ane svAzrayI jIvana jIvatAM. sAMje bhavanamAMthI teo ghare Ave tyAre maLavA AvanAra vyaktiono meLo jAmato. teo ghaNI judI judI saMsthAomAM salAhakAra tarIke mArgadarzana ApatAM. mahilAonI saMsthAomAM teo vadhu rasa letAM. navodita lekhikA ke kavayitrIone teo sAruM mArgadarzana ApatAM. muMbaInA sAhityajagatamAM eka murabbI tarIke temanuM mobhAbharyuM sthAna hatuM. teo sAhityika ane anya viSayanAM vyAkhyAno ke carcAonA kAryakramomAM upasthita rahetAM. teo sazakta ane taravarATavALAM hatAM ane ghaNI pravRttione pahoMcI vaLatAM. adhyApikA tarIkenI nokarImAM koI baMdhana na hovAthI ane potAnI lekhanapravRtti kaMIka maMda paDavAthI tathA pAThakasAhebanA graMthonA punarmudraNane mATe karelI sva. hIrAbahena pAThaka - 391

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moTI yojanA mATe ThIka ThIka samaya Apavo paDato hovAthI 1975 pachI hIrAbahenanuM potAnA ghare niyamita rahevAnuM ochuM ane ochuM thatuM gayuM. kyAreka traNa-cAra mahinA mATe teo amadAvAda gayAM hoya, kyAreka potAnA bhAInA ghare rahevA gayAM hoya, to kyAreka vaLI potAnI khAsa bahenapaNI bakAbahenanA ghare rahevA gayAM hoya. AvuM vAraMvAra banavA lAgyuM hatuM. ethI muMbaInA sAhityagata sAthenA hIrAbahenanA saMparkamAM oTa AvI hatI. vaLI jyArathI teo IgatapurImAM zrI goenkAjInI vipazyanA dhyAnanI sAdhanA karI AvyAM hatAM tyArathI temanA jIvanamAM eka vaLAMka Avelo joI zakAto hato. pahelAM hIrAbahena maLe tyAre dasa savAla pUche ane ghaNI mAhitI meLave. tene badale have hIrAbahenane ochA saMparko ane ekAMtavAsa vadhu priya banyAM hatAM. phonamAM paNa teo TUMkI ane muddAsaranI vAta karatAM. teo bilakula bahAra jatAM nahi evuM nahi, paraMtu upayogI ane anivArya hoya evA jAhera kAryakramomAM jatAM. gujarAta sAhitya akAdamI taraphathI pAThakasAhebanA badhA ja graMthonA punarrakAzananuM Ayojana thayuM ethI hIrAbahenane atyaMta harSa thayo hato. jIvananI bahu moTI dhanyatA temaNe anubhavI hatI. A yojanA mATe potAnI bIjI pravRttio choDI daIne paNa teo kAma karavA lAgI gayAM hatAM. jIvananA aMta sudhI emaNe A javAbadArI sArI rIte vahana karI hatI. gujarAta sAhitya akAdamIe mUrdhanya sAhityakAra tarIkeno "gaurava puraskAra' harAbahenane ApavAnuM nakkI karyuM e samayocita ja hatuM. hIrAbahenane A puraskAra ApavA mATe zrI manubhAI paMcoLI, zrI yazavaMta zukla vagere muMbaI padhAryA ane harakizana haoNspiTalamAM jaIne pathArIvaza evAM hIrAbahenane A puraskAra arpaNa karyo e kharekhara eka mahattvanI yAdagArI ghaTanA hatI. e prasaMge mAMdagIne bichAnethI hIrAbahene paMdareka miniTa sudhI potAnuM vaktavya rajU karyuM. azakta evAM hIrAbahenane aMdaranA koI adamya utsAha ane umaMge emanI pAse AvuM sarasa vaktavya karAvyuM hatuM. hIrAbahenanI tabiyata bagaDI e pachI nidAna karatAM DaoNkTarone jaNAvyuM ke temane hADakAMnA kensarano vyAdhi thayo che. A mATe tarata sAravAra cAlu thaI. emanA bhAI bAlakRSNabhAI harakizanadAsa haoNspiTalamAM mukhya TrasTI eTale hIrAbahenanI sAravAramAM to koI ja khAmI rahI nahi, paraMtu hIrAbahenanI mAMdagI ThIka ThIka samaya sudhI cAlI. vacce to teo bebhAna avasthAmAM hatAM tyAre koIne aMdara javA devAmAM AvatAM nahi. teo ghare AvyAM. pharI pAchAM temane hospiTalamAM dAkhala karavAmAM 392 sAhityadarzana

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AvyAM. temane sAruM lAgatuM hatuM ane mulAkAtIone maLavA devAmAM AvatA hatA tyAre ame emanI khabara jovA gayelAM. te vakhate pUrI svasthatApUrvaka temaNe amArAM dIkarA-dIkarInAM nAma daIne pUchatAcha karelI. e parathI lAgyuM ke temanI smRti haju sArI che. jyAre jyAre emane asahya pIDA thatI tyAre emane pIDAzAmaka davAo ane ijekzana ApavA paDatAM. alabatta, bImArI kensaranI hatI ane zarIra uttarottara ghasAtuM jatuM hatuM te jotAM teo have vadhu vakhata nahi kADhe evuM lAgatuM hatuM. temanI tabiyata vadhu lathaDatI gaI ane haoNspiTalamAM rAkhavAnuM koI prayojana nathI ema jaNAtAM pharI pAchAM emane emanA bhAInA ghare laI AvavAmAM AvyAM ane e ghare ja emaNe deha choDyo. hIrAbahenanuM smaraNa thatAM keTalA badhA prasaMgo najara sAme taravare che ! pAThakasAhebanA saMyogathI teo dhanya ane sArthaka jIvana jIvI gayAM. temanI ucca koTinI cetanAmAMthI ghaNAMne preraNA maLI rahe ema che. sva. hIrAbahenanA AtmAne natamastake aMjali arpa chuM. (sAMprata sahiciMtana-8) sva. hIrAbahena pAThaka 393

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25 sarasvatIcaMdra ApaNA prathama paMktinA parama tejasvI sAhityakAromAM sarasvatIcaMdrakAra svargastha sAkSara zrI govardhanarAma mAdhavarAma tripAThInuM sthAna agragaNya che. A pratibhAvaMta sAhityakAre potAnI medhAvI pratibhA vaDe gujarAtI sAhityamAM sarjana ane ciMtananAM je keTalAMka virala ucca zikharo sara karyA che tevAM bhAgye ja bIjA koI sAhityakAre sara karyA haze. jIvananA pArAvAranuM sAhitya dvArA emaNe je darzana karAvyuM te gujarAtI sAhityamAM anokhuM che. emaNe narmadanA samayanA pazcima taraphI vicArajhokane vALI lIdho; pUrva ane pazcimanI saMskRtinI talasparzI mImAMsA karIne baMnenAM uttama tattvono samanvaya prabodhyo; vyakti, kuTuMba, samAja ane rAjyanA AdarzonuM nirUpaNa karyuM, lokakalyANanI bhAvanA prabaLapaNe rajU karI ane triguNAtmaka saMsAranuM darzana karAvI jIvananAM sAmarthya ane unnatatA tarapha aMgulinirdeza karyo. mATe ja govardhanarAmane ApaNe "maharSi', 'kAntadarzI, "manISI' tarIke oLakhAvIe chIe. svargastha govardhanarAme "sarasvatIcaMdra' uparAMta "snehamudrA, "sAkSarajIvana', adhyAtmajIvana', "lIlAvatI-jIvanakalA', 'dayArAmano akSaradeha vagere anya kRtionI racanA karI che. paraMtu emanI badhI kRtiomAM "sarasvatIcaMdra'nI racanA ja mukhyatama che. "sarasvatIcaMdra'nA sarjanAraMbha pUrve emaNe saMskRta, gujarAtI ane aMgrejImAM gadya ane padyanA prakAranI keTalIka nAnI nAnI racanAo TheTha kolejanA abhyAsakALathI mAMDIne karelI, je batAve che ke govardhanarAmamAM sarjaka ane vicAraka pratibhAbIja "sarasvatIcaMdra'nA sarjana pUrve pAMgaravA mAMDyuM hatuM. kolejanA abhyAsakALa daramiyAna ane vyavasAyakALanA AraMbhanAM varSomAM graMtho dvArA ane 394 - sAhityadarzana

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vAstava dvArA mAnavajIvananA karelA ciMtanamanananA paripAkarUpe potAnA vicAro loka samakSa rajU karavAnI adamya abhilASA emanAmAM jAgelI. e abhilASAnuM mUrta svarUpa eTale "sarasvatIcaMdra'. enI racanA saprayojana ane sArthaka che. govardhanarAme potAnA lekhakajIvanano sauthI moTo ane sauthI uttama kALa A graMthanI racanA mATe Apyo che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa potAnI nAdurasta tabiyatane lakSamAM rAkhI, AvA moTA graMthanI racanA mATe joItA dIrghakALane paNa lakSamAM rAkhIne emaNe jIvananA tapatA madhyAhane dhIkhatI kamANIne tarachoDIne svecchAe nivRttijIvana svIkAryuM hatuM. sarasvatIcaMdranI racanA ane pUrNAhutinA pAyAmAM govardhanarAmanuM asAdhAraNa svArpaNa raheluM che. AvA mahAna graMthanI racanA mATe govardhanarAme potAnI yojanA pahelethI ghaDI rAkhI hatI. ene mATe emaNe potAnI jAtane pUrvataiyArIthI susajja karI lIdhI hatI. emaNe saMskRta, aMgrejI ane gujarAtImAM lakhAyelA lalita ane lalitetara sAhityanA vipula pravAhamAM ThIka ThIka avagAhana karI lIdhuM hatuM. "sarasvatIcaMdranA cAre bhAgamAM patharAyelAM asaMkhya avataraNo A vAtanI sAkSI pUre che. govardhanarAme yunivarsiTImAM keLavaNI lIdhI hatI ane tethI teo gujarAtI uparAMta aMgrejI ane saMskRta bhASA upara paNa ghaNuM sAruM prabhutva dharAvatA hatA. e pratyeka bhASAmAM svataMtra lekhana karavA jeTalI zakti emanAmAM hatI. temAM emaNe lekhanakArya kareluM paNa che. "sarasvatIcaMdramAM eka AkhuM prakaraNa saMskRta bhASAmAM lakheluM che ane aMgrejI lakhANa to ghaNe sthaLe Ave che. AthI "sarasvatIcaMdra' saMskRta ke aMgrejImAM lakhavA jeTalI zakti emanI pAse hatI ema kahevAya che. A navalakathA aMgrejImAM nahi paNa gujarAtImAM lakhavA mATe emane nirNaya karavo paDyo e ja batAve che ke potAnI evI zaktimAM emane pUrepUro vizvAsa hato. potAnA vicAro hiMdustAnanA thoDA suzikSito sudhI pahoMce enA karatAM gujarAtanI prajAmAM prasare evI icchAne kAraNe emaNe gujarAtImAM navalakathA lakhI. e mATe emanA eka baMgALI mitre emane lakheluM paNa kharuM ke "You have given to a party what was meant for mankind."* govardhanarAmano uddeza potAnA abhyAsa ane avalokananA kALa daramiyAna potAne je kaMI vicAro sUjhayA ane lokakalyANa vize pote je kaMI ciMtana karyuM te badhuM janahitAya mUkavAno hato. te nibaMdharUpe mUkavAnI temane prathama icchA thayelI; paNa pachI nibaMdha karatAM rocaka navalakathAnA rUpamAM mUkavAmAM Ave to "prasAda khAvA * zrIyuta govardhanarAma', pR.222 (AvRtti pahelI) sarasvatIcaMdra 395

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Ave te kathA sAMbhaLato jAya' e nyAye kathA vAMcatAM vAMcatAM vAcaka vicAro paNa grahaNa karato jAya evI yojanA kalpIne A navalakathAnI racanA emaNe karI. enA pahelA bhAganI prastAvanAmAM teo lakhe che : "When he first desired to give in objective existence to all that was so sketched out in his mind's took, he intende to give it the form of essays. Second thought ciscovered that the reading class in Gujarat were, for various reasons, diffcult to reach through abstruse or discursive matter, and that illustrations of real and ideal life would be the best medium, best in the sense of being attractive and impressive, for communications like those which the writer has to make. Hence the present contribution." Ama nibaMdhone badale navalakathA lakhavAnI govardhanarAmanI yojanA sArthaka thaI che, kAraNa ke emaNe jo nibaMdho lakhyA hota to te "sarasvatIcaMdra' jeTalo pracAra pAmyA na hota. navalakathAnA lekhanathI ApaNane vizeSa lAbha thayo che, kAraNa ke A navalakathA dvArA nibaMdhakAra ke ciMtaka tarIkeno govardhanarAmano paricaya to thAya ja che. uparAMta eka uttama koTinA sarjaka tarIkeno paNa ApaNane emano accho paricaya thayo che. vastutaH emanI A navalakathA dvArA ApaNA gujarAtI sAhityanuM gaurava vadhyuM che. navalakathA dvArA govardhanarAme gRhasaMsAra, dharma, rAjakAraNa, tattvajJAna vagerenA mahAprazronI mImAMsA karI che. ema karavAmAM emaNe navalakathAnA cAre bhAganI yojanA bhinnabhinna uddezathI karI che. teo pote kahetA te pramANe "pahelo bhAga sarva varganA ane khAsa karIne sAmAnya varganA vAMcanArA mATe yojAyelo che. bIjo bhAga mukhya karIne strIo mATe ane strIonI sthiti jANavA tathA sudhAravA prayAsa karanArAo mATe che. trIjo bhAga vizeSe rAjakIya viSayonA abhyAsIo tathA hilacAlamAM bhAga lenAra mATe che. cotho bhAga sarasvatInA manorAjyanuM athavA svapnabhUminuM citra che, ane tenuM nAma tathA prastAvanA pragaTa kare che tema mukhyatve ApaNA keLavAyelA manuSyoe bhaviSyanI unnatinA prayAsamAM je kaThina kArya karavAnuM che tenA sUcanarUpe che. * "sarasvatIcaMdranA judA judA bhAgone vividha dRSTikoNathI jonArAone lakSamAM rAkhI A kahevAyuM che. paraMtu rasika adhikArI sahRdaya vAcakane lakSamAM rAkhI temaNe AkhI navalakathAno mukhya ane ucca uddeza trIjA bhAganI * 'zrIyuta govardhanarAma', pR.223 pahelI AvRtti) 396 sAhityadarzana

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prastAvanAmAM A pramANe jaNAvyo che : "ApaNI prajA, ApaNo deza, ApaNAM kALa, ApaNA vicAraAcAra ane ApaNI AdhiupAdhi : e sarvanA vartamAna citra vacce UbhA rahIne, ApaNI bhAvi prajAnuM e ja viSayonA raMgothI bhareluM kalpita citra AlekhavuM e A kathAno eka viziSTa uddeza che... saMkrAMtikALanA A khagrAse mohamAM tathA zokamAM pADelAM jUnA ane navAM, taruNa ane vRddha. azikSita ane zikSita, anna ane praza, dIna ane samartha, bhraSTa ane ziSTa sarva cittomAM mokSakALanA A udayamAna ciraMjIva kiraNa praveza pAme ane avicArane sthAne vicAra ane avasAdane sthAne utsAha pravarte - e A kathAnA sarva bhAgonA sarva uddezono kendrastha uddeza - govardhanarAme navalakathAlekhananuM prayojana A pramANe rAkhyuM eTale enA kathAvastunI yojanA paNa e pramANe eTalA moTA pAyA para emane karavI paDI. emAM kathA ane ciMtana baMneno samAveza thatAM cAra bhAgano vizALa paTa AlekhAyo. AvA mahAkAya graMthanI kathA mATe emane potAnA aMgata anubhavo dezI rajavADAnA tathA vakIlAtanA anubhavo ane avalokana kAma lAgyAM. kathAvastunI pasaMdagI ane goThavaNa paNa emaNe vividha uddeza ane dRSTikoNathI karI. ema karavAmAM "kalAnA kRtrima niyamo sAcavavA karatAM IzvaralIlAnuM sadarbhe citra ApavAno prayAsa emaNe pradhAnasthAne rAkhyo, kathAne ramaNIya ane rocaka banAvavAno prayatna, alabatta, emaNe karyo ja che, paraMtu tema karatI vakhate paNa e vizeno emano khyAla atyaMta spaSTa hato ke "suMdara thavuM e strInuM temaja navalakathAnuM lakSya che, paraMtu e lakSyanI saMpatti te mAtra koI bIjA gurutara lakSya pAmavAnuM pagathiyuM che. manahara thavA karatAM manabhara thavuM e vadhAre sAdhana ane zaktinI apekSA rAkhe che." "sarasvatIcaMdramAM sarasvatIcaMdra ane kumudanI mukhya kathA enA cAre bhAgamAM vaNAyelI che. paraMtu te uparAMta temAM bIjI keTalIka kathAo paNa gUMthI levAmAM AvI che. e kathAo mAtra ADakathA jevI nahi, paNa enA pratyeka bhAgamAM kendrasthAne rahelI evI mukhya kathA jevI che. navalakathAnA pratyeka bhAga mATe lekhake yojelAM svataMtra nAmo (bhAga-1 : buddhidhanano kArabhAra : bhAga-2 : guNasuMdarInuM kuTuMbajALa; bhAga-3: ratnanagarInuM rAjyataMtra; bhAga-4 : sarasvatIcaMdranuM manorAjya) parathI paNa e joI zakAze. A rIte jotAM kathAnA nAyaka ane nAyikA sarasvatIcaMdra ane kumudanI kathA pahelA traNa bhAgamAM gauNapaNe rahelI jaNAze. prathama bhAgamAM kathAnAyaka sarasvatIcaMdranI pUrvakathA vigate apAI che, paraMtu kathAnA cAlu pravAhamAM to te sarasvatIcaMdra - 397

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ApaNane buddhidhananA atithi tarIke jovA maLe che. bIjA bhAgamAM guNasuMdarInI kathA ja ghaNo bhAga roke che emAM kumuda DUbI gaI e ghaTanAnuM ane sarasvatIcaMdra bahAravaTiyAne hAthe ghavAya che tathA suMdaragirinA sAdhuo ene laI jAya che eTalI ghaTanAnuM nirUpaNa jovA maLe che. trIjA bhAgamAM kumudanI kaMI ja vAta AvatI nathI ane sarasvatIcaMdranI bAbatamAM paNa ghaTanA AgaLa kaMI cAlatI hoya evuM dekhAtuM nathI. A rIte pahelA traNa bhAga sudhI nAyaka ane nAyikAnI kathA gauNa sthAna pAmI che, paraMtu lekhake e cokkasa dRSTithI karyuM che. e vize teo pUrA sabhAna paNa che. pahelA bhAganI prastAvanAnA emanA zabdo ApaNane enI pratIti karAvaze: "A graMtha ekathI vadhAre kathAonI phUlagUMthaNI che. graMthanA nAyakano sphaTa AvirbhAva thatAM pahelAM upanAyaka prathama dhyAna roke che. AthI vArtAnI saMkalanAnuM aikya rAkhavuM evo yuropa dezamAM cAlato niyama tUTe che, paraMtu eka vArtAnI vacce aneka vAta darzAvatA Izvare racelA itihAsano niyama jaLavAya che." navalakathAno cotho bhAga AgaLanA traNe bhAga karatAM kadamAM ghaNo moTo che, paraMtu temAM AgaLanA bhAgo karatAM kathAnuM pramANa alpa che. cothA bhAgamAM sarasvatIcaMdra ane kumudanA punarmilananI ane e baMnenI zodhanI kathA nirUpAI che, paraMtu temAM vacce vacce AvatAM moTAM ciMtanaprakaraNone lIdhe kathAvastuno pravAha sthaLe sthaLe sthagita thaI jAya che. navalakathAnA nirbheLa kalAsvarUpane ethI hAni pahoMcI che ema keTalAkane avazya lAgaze, paraMtu ApaNe jANIe chIe tema lekhakano Azaya kathAne mAtra AlaMbanarUpe ja levAno hato. tethI Ama banavuM svAbhAvika che. eTale kathAnA kalAsvarUpane hAni pahoMcI che evuM ja lAgatuM hoya to te lekhakanA kalAvidhAnanA ajJAnane lIdhe nahi, paNa navalakathAsarjananA emaNe sabhAnapaNe svIkArelA uccAzayane lIdhe ja thayuM che e bhUlavuM na joIe. bIjI bAju skUla kathAtatvanA kalAvidhAnanI saMkucita dRSTithI na jotAM kalA samajhanI vizALa dRSTithI jotAM sarasvatIcaMdrano cotho bhAga govardhanarAmanI sarjaka ane ciMtaka pratibhAno sauthI vadhu dyotaka jaNAze ane sUkSma kalAnAM uccatama rasasthAno sauthI vadhu siddha thayelAM paNa temAM ja jaNAze. navalakathAnA pahelA bhAgathI mAMDIne cothA bhAganA lagabhaga aMta sudhI kathAno nAyaka - gRhatyAga karIne nIkaLelo sarasvatIcaMdra - ApaNane phakta atithi tarIke ja pahelAM buddhidhanano ane pachI viSNudAsano) jovA maLe che. suvarNapuramAM buddhidhanane ghare jaI, tyAMthI nIkaLatAM rastAmAM ghAyala thaI, suMdaragiri para sAdhuo pAse jaI, tyAM pharI kumudane maLI vizuddha thaI, kusuma sAthe lagna karI muMbaI e 398 : sAhityadarzana

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pAcho phare che. eTalo, lagabhaga be mahinA jeTalo alpakALa A navalakathAnuM kathAvastu vartamAnamAMthI bhaviSyamAM gati kare che. tema chatAM ATalA TUMkA gALAmAM lekhake vartamAnane bhUtakALanA prasaMgo dvArA sAMkaLI laI kathAne bharacaka banAvI dIdhI che. lekhaka pAse kathAne rasika banAvavAnI kalA che ane ethI vAcakano jijJAsArasa uttejita thAya che e prakAranA prasaMgo gUMthI laI kathAnI saMkalanA emaNe karI che. A navalakathAmAM jamAla ane alakakizorI, alakakizorI ane sarasvatIcaMdra, pramAdadhana ane kRSNakalikA, buddhidhanane ghare sarasvatIcaMdra ane kumuda, kalAvatI ane duSTa rAya, bhUpasiMha ane ramAbAI, buddhidhana ane rAjabA, mAnacatura ane bahAravaTiyA, sarasvatIcaMdra ane arthadAsa, caMdrAvalI ane madhurI, suMdaragiri para sarasvatIcaMdra ane kumuda vagerenA prasaMgonuM ane evA bIjA keTakeTalA prasaMgonuM lekhake vAcakamAM kautuka janmAve evuM Alekhana karyuM che. prasaMgonuM vigate rasapUrNa Alekhana karavAnI kalA lekhakane supere hastagata che enI pratIti navalakathAnA - khAsa karIne pahelA ane bIjA bhAganA - AvA keTakeTalAye prasaMgo dvArA thaze. prasaMgonA nirmANamAM paNa lekhake puSkaLa vaividhya dAkhavyuM che. emAM lokakautuka jagADe evA sthUla prasaMgothI mAMDIne sUkSma saMvedanAnA kavitvamaya saMtarpaka prasaMgo sudhInuM, mAnavajIvananI kSudratA ane pAmaratArUpI UMDAmAM UMDI khINanuM darzana karAve evA prasaMgothI mAMDIne mAnavajIvananI uccatA ane zreSThatAnAM bhavyonnata zikharonuM darzana karAve evA prasaMgo sudhInuM nirUpaNa lekhakane hAthe thayuM che. e dvArA lekhakanI nirUpaNazaktino sAco sacoTa paricaya vAcakane maLI rahe che. govardhanarAmano Azaya mAtra manoraMjanArthe kathAvastu AlekhavAno nahoto. aMgrejonA Agamana pachI pIrasya ane pAzcAtya saMskRti vaccenA saMgharSane lIdhe tatkALa bhAratIya jIvanamAM jAgelA vicAravaMToLanA pariNAme upasthita thayelA mahApraznonI mImAMsA karavAno ane ema karIne baMne saMskRtionAM uttama lakSaNo tAravI, teno samanvaya prabodhI "zAstrIya dezoddhArakone mArgadarzana karAvavAno emano Azaya paNa sAthe sAthe hato ja. A uddezane anulakSI temaNe kathA dvArA bhUta, vartamAna ane bhaviSya e traNe kALanAM vAstavika ane Adarza jIvananuM darzana karAvavAno prayAsa karyo che. pahelA bhAganI prastAvanAmAM teo lakhe che : "vArtAno samaya cheka samIpano ane pradeza ApaNI gurjara vastIno rAkhelo che. eTale haju sudhI ApaNA kAnamAM vAgatA bhUtadazAnA bhaNakArA, vartamAna dazAno pratyakSa paDado, ane bhaviSyakALamAM vidyArthI thanAra avasthAnI AjathI ApaNI kalpanA para paDatI sarasvatIcaMdra - 399

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praticchAyA e sarvanuM mizraNa karavAthI zAstrIya dezoddhArakone kAMI sUcanA maLaze evI kalpanA che.'' A mATe emaNe sarasvatIcaMdranA pitA lakSmInaMdana, kumudanA pitA vidyAcatura ane kumudanA sasarA buddhidhana e traNenI traNa peDhInI kuTuMbakathA AlekhI che. buddhidhana ane vidyAcatura e baMne pradhAnone nimitte suvarNapura ane ratnanagarInA AjAonI paNa traNa peDhI sudhInI kathA apAI che. navalakathAno kathApaTa AthI ThIka ThIka vistRta bane e svAbhAvika che. vaLI, sarasvatIcaMdra ane kumuda e baMne mukhya pAtrone suMdarigira para ANI tyAMnA sAdhusAdhvIonA jIvananirUpaNa nimitte prAcIna paurastya, dharma ane saMskRtinI mImAMsA lekhake karI che. e rIte paNa kathAnA phalakane ghaNuM vizALa, vigatapUrNa ane vividharaMgI banAvAyuM che. A pramANe karelI kathAyojanAmAM govardhanarAmano bIjo paNa eka Azaya joI zakAya che. prathama bhAgamAM emaNe suvarNapuranA jIvanano khyAla Apyo che. emAM vizeSataH vAstavikatAnuM citra ja dorAyuM che. eNAM AlekhAyelA jIvanamAM prAkRta janasamAjanA adhaHpatananuM citra, mAnavajIvananI nIcAmAM nIcI, pazu jevI, bhUmikAnuM citra vizeSa che. khalakanaMdA ane jamAla, rUpALI ane merulo, raNajita ane raghI, duSTarAya ane kalAvatI, khalakanaMdA ane merulo, bhUpasiMha ane ramAbAI, pramAdadhana ane kRSNakalikA vagerenA cAritryabhraSTatAnA prasaMgo A citranA gherA raMgonI pratIti karAve che. A rIte pahelA bhAgamAM manuSyajIvananI prAkRta bhUmikAthI zarU karIne cothA bhAga sudhImAM lekhake enA kramika UrdhvarohaNanI yojanA karI che. sthUla bhaugolika dRSTie joIe topaNa lekhake prathama bhAgamAM samudra ane nadInA saMgamanA nIcANavALA pradezanA kAdava ane malinatAnA vAtAvaraNathI mAMDIne cothA bhAgamAM suMdaragirinA ucca, svaccha, nirmaLa ane nirAmaya vAtAvaraNanuM kramika UrdhvarohaNa nirupyuM che. pahelA be bhAgamAM kathAnA AlekhanamAM vAstavika ghaTanAonA nirupaNanuM pramANa vadhAre che, je trIjA ane cothA bhAgamAM ghaTatuM jAya che. bhAvanAzIla citronuM pramANa tyAM vadhatuM jAya che. trIjA bhAganI aMgrejI prastAvanAmAM lekhaka pote lakhe che : "This narrative still continues to be a mosaic or even blending of the actual and the ideal aspects of our life in these days, but the letter, henceforth, begin to acquire a distinct predominance over the former." A rIte 'sarasvatIcaMdra'mAM skUlamAMthI sUkSmanuM, azuddhamAMthI nirmaLanuM, 40 sAhityadarzana

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vAstavikamAMthI AdarzanuM, adhaHpatanamAMthI UrdhvagamananuM kramika vyaMjanAyukta kalAmaya nirUpaNa thayuM che. sarasvatIcaMdranA A cAra bhAganI kathAyojanAmAM lekhakanI eka bIjI dRSTi paNa rahelI che. pahelA bhAganI racanAmAM prAkRta mAnasane paNa ruce evI prasaMgapracura kathA lekhake ApI che. "jijJAsArasane dravato karI miSTa vArtA bheLo upadeza pAI devo. kathAnA vyasanIne sukathAnI madirA pAI satkarmanA vyasanamAM paDavAno mArga dekhADavo" evo emano Azaya pahelA bhAganI racanAmAM savizeSa jovA maLe che. bAkInA traNe bhAgonI kathAmAM anukrame gRha, rAjya ane dharmanA kSetronuM savizeSa citra dorI enuM vAstavika ane Adarza darzana karAvavAnI yojanA lekhake karelI hoya ema joI zakAya che. * Ama, A navalakathAmAM mukhya kathA sAthe bIjI keTalIka nAnImoTI kathAonuM Alekhana thayuM che. kathAnA vistRta paTane lIdhe te eka mahAnadanI AkRti dhAraNa karatI mahAnavala bane che. emAM lekhake kathAnA prasaMgonA AlekhanamAM ane enI paraspara saMkalanAmAM khUbI ane kalA dAkhavI che ema vartamAnamAMthI bhUtamAM ane bhUtamAMthI vartamAnamAM vAraMvAra thatI kathAnI gatimAM rahelA sumeLa parathI paNa joI zakAze. nAnInAnI vigatonA AlekhanamAM paNa lekhake prasaMge prasaMge dAkhavelI kalAsUjha ThIkaThIka varatAI Ave che. Ama chatAM sarasvatIcaMdra gRhatyAga karIne nIkaLyo ane suvarNapura Avyo tyAM sudhInA samayano cALo, gumAnanI uMmara, khalakanaMdA, rUpALI ane merulAnI kAmalIlA, guNasuMdarInI prathama prasUti, caMcaLanAM chokarAM vagere keTalIka bAbatomAM AlekhanamAM kvacita kaMIka zithilatA, avAstavikatA ke apratItikaratA jaNAya che, je batAve che ke vigatapUrNa, jhINavaTabharyuM Alekhana karavAmAM kuzaLa evA govardhanarAmathI kvacita AvI nAnI vigato pratye pUratuM lakSa apAyuM nahi hoya. alabatta, AvaDA vizALa graMthamAM, aneka mahattvanI bIjI ghaTanAonI sarakhAmaNImAM AvI truTionuM kaMI ja mahattva na gaNAya ane ethI kRtinA mUlyAMkanamAM kaMI ja phera na paDe, topaNa jhINavaTabharyuM adhyayana karanAranI nare caDyA vagara rahe nahi evI e bAbato che. A rIte sarasvatIcaMdranA kathAvastu ane enI saMkalanAne samagra daSTie joIe chIe tyAre ciMtaka govardhanarAmanI ucca sarjanazaktino paNa ApaNane paricaya maLI rahe che. mATe ja, teo eka samartha kathAlekhaka paNa che e vAta svIkAryA vinA cAlaze nahi. nibaMdho lakhavAne badale navalakathA lakhavAnuM govardhanarAme vicAryuM eTale enI sarasvatIcaMdra 401

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sAthe ja navalakathA mATe aneka pAtronuM sarjana karavAnuM kartavya emane sAthe AvI paDyuM. emaNe navalakathA, nATaka, mahAkAvya vagere prakAranI gujarAtI, saMskRta ane aMgrejImAM ghaNI kRtionuM adhyayana karyuM hatuM ane emAMnI pAtrasRSTi nihALI hatI. vaLI saMsAranA aneka mAnavIonuM sUkSma avalokana paNa emaNe karyuM hatuM. eTale navalakathAnI pAtrasRSTi kevI hovI joIe ane enA Alekhana mATe navalakathAkAra pAse kevI kalA joIe tenAthI teo suparicita hatA. pAtrasRSTinI racanA kevI hovI joIe te vizeno temano khyAla keTalo sunizcita svarUpano hato te "sarasvatIcaMdra'nA pahelA bhAganI prastAvanAnA temanA zabdo jotAM jaNAze : ".A graMthanAM pAtra utkRSTatama kya nathI ke vAMcanAra temane kevaLa kAlpanika gaNe ane anukaraNano vicAra ja na Ave. tema ja lokavarganAM kevaLa sAdhAraNa manuSyo ja cItaryA nathI ke utkarSane utsAha pagathiyuM ja jovAmAM na Ave. ApaNA sAdhAraNa vikAro - kSamA karavAyogya nirbaLatA - tethI DagamagatAM paraMtu sthira thavA, utkarSa pAmavA yatna karatAM mAnavIonAM citra ApyAM che. vidyA, dravya, adhikAra, svataMtratA ane vizuddhi e sarvanA prakAzamAM, chAyAmAM aMdhArAmAM tathA adhavaca rahetA manuSyonI sthitio ane saMkrAntio darzAvavA yatna karyo che ke sarva vAMcanArane koI koI pAtra upara samabhAva thAya ane anukaraNa sAru upamAna maLe. mAnavI mAtra sArAsAranI meLavaNI jevuM che. A jagatamAM sarva rIte sAruM ja athavA sarva rIte narasuM ja evuM kAMI nathI. e meLavaNI atre darzAvavAmAM AvI che ane tema karavAmAM anubhAvaka upadeza karavo Icchakyo che." Ama govardhanarAme pAtrasRSTinA sarjanamAM navalakathAlekhananuM potAnuM mULabhUta prayojana paNa lakSamAM rAkheluM che. kathAvastu ane enI saMkalanAmAM jema emanI sarjakatAnAM darzana ApaNane thAya che tema pAtrAlekhanamAM paNa emanI sarjakatAnAM darzana ApaNane thAya che. A navalakathAmAM emaNe keTalAM badhAM pAtronuM sarjana karyuM che ! ethI sarasvatIcaMdranI pAtrasRSTi bharacaka lAge che. phakta pahelA bhAgamAM ja lagabhaga sATha jeTalAM pAtronI paricayamAM ApaNe AvIe chIe. A dareka pAtrane enuM svataMtra vyaktitva ApIne jIvaMta banAvavAno prayAsa emaNe karyo che. mukhya pAtronI jema gauNa pAtronI mAvajata paNa emaNe ghaNI ja kALajIpUrvaka karI che. ethI vArtAmAM kSaNavAra mATe AvatAM keTalAMka pAtro paNa potAnAM viziSTa guNalakSaNo dvArA emanA vyaktitvanI chApa ApaNA cittamAM sacoTa rIte aMkita karI jAya che. A pAtrasRSTimAM vaividhya paNa pAra vinAnuM ApaNane jovA maLe che. samAjanAM 402 sAhityadarzana

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vividha kSetranAM, vividha kakSAnAM pAtro khaDA karIne te dvArA lekhake tatkAlIna samAjanA vibhinna starano citAra Apyo che. A navalakathAmAM zrImaMta vepArI, kArabhArI, rAjA, pradhAna, bahAravaTiyo, bAvo, vezyA, gaNikA, pUjArI, nyAyAdhIza, klekTara, amaladAra, zirastadhara, sipAI, khavAsa, kavi, patrakAra, gADIvAna, gADAvALo, dAsI, rANI, sAdhusAdhvI vagere vividha prakAranAM pAtro najare paDe che, je kathAne vividharaMgI banAve che. sarasvatIcaMdranA pAtrAlekhanamAM AjanA vAcakane jarA navAI ke vicitratA lAge evI, tarata najare caDe evI, koI lAkSaNikatA hoya to te pAtronAM nAmo che. buddhidhana, mUrkhadatta, dhUrtalAla, uddhatalAla, zaTharAya, karavatarAya, nIcadAsa, pramAdadhana, duSTarAya vagere nAmo tevAM lakSaNonAM pratIkarUpa, kaMIka avAstavika lAge evAM che. alabatta, lekhake badhAM ja nAmo AvA prakAranAM prayojyo nathI narabherAma, rUpALI, rAmasena, ramAbAI, sadAziva paMta, padhA, raNajita, vanalIlA vagere bIjAM ghaNAM nAmo vAstavika prakAranAM paNa che. AvAM vAstavika nAmomAM puruSapAtro karatAM strIpAtronAM nAma vadhAre jovA maLe che. lekhake yathArAmaguNa pAtro je yojyAM che te potAnA samayamAM navalakathA, nATaka vageremAM yojavAmAM AvatAM evAM nAmavALAM jema ke kapaTacaMdra, hunarakhAna, yuroparAja, kajiyAbAI, mAnabhaTTa, lobhadeva, julamezvara vagere) pAtronI lekhakavAcakamAM priya banelI paraMparAne anusarIne ja. tema karavA chatAM paNa lekhake evAM pAtronuM Alekhana evuM sajIva ane AbehUba kareluM che ke kathAnA AsvAdamAM pAtronAM nAmanI avAstavikatA ApaNane khAsa kaThatI nathI. pAtronA AvA nAmakaraNane lIdhe evAM pAtro prathama dRSTie jAtacitro (Types) jevAM, amuka eka varganAM kRtrima pratinidhi jevAM kadAca lAgaze, paraMtu e pAtronAM vartana ane vikAsa jotAM te jAticitro karatAM vyakticitro (Individuals) jevAM, potapotAnAM AgavA vyaktitva dhabakatAM jIvaMta lAgaze. pAtrasRSTinuM sarjana govardhanarAme mAtra manoraMjana mATe ja nahi, paNa saMkrAntikALanuM yathArtha citra doravAnA viziSTa hetuthI kareluM che. " ApaNA kAnamAM vAgatA bhUtadazAnA bhaNakArA, vartamAnadazAno pratyakSa paDado, ane bhaviSyakALamAM vidyArthI thanAra avasthAnI AjathI ApaNI kalpanA para paDatI praticchAyA e sarvanuM mizraNa" jema kathAvastumAM jovA maLe che tema tenAM pAtromAM paNa jovA maLe che. nAgarAja, mullarAja ane maNirAja tathA jAzaMkara, buddhidhana ane vidyAcatura; tathA saubhAgyadevI, guNasuMdarI ane kumuda, kusuma - AvAM keTakeTalAM pAtro bhUta, vartamAna ke bhaviSyanA pratinidhirUpa jovA maLe che. sarasvatIcaMdra 403

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keTalAMka pAtronuM Alekhana lekhake vAstavalakSI karyuM che. keTalAMka pAtromAM vAstava sAthe AdarzanuM saMmizraNa thayuM che. lekhakano Azaya samAjadarzana karAvavAno ane e dvArA vAcakane jAgrata karI UMce laI javAno hovAthI cAritryabhraSTatAnA prasaMgonuM nirUpaNa khAsa karIne pahelA bhAgamAM vizeSa thayuM che. khalakanaMdA, jamAla, rUpALI, merulo, duSTarAya, kalAvatI, pramAdadhana, kRSNalikA, raghI, raNajita, bhUpasiMha, ramAbAI, sadAziva paMta vagere pAtronAM alana ane bhraSTatAnA prasaMgo dvArA prAkRta mAnavInI nimna halakI koTinuM darzana karAvAyuM che, kAraNa ke lekhaka prastAvanAmAM jaNAve che te pramANe "malina mANasonAM citra zuddha citromAM kALA lasarakA peThe kvacita ANavAM paDyAM che, kAraNa ke azuddhinA avalokanathI zuddhanA gauravanuM mApa spaSTa thAya che." bIjI bAju buddhidhana, lakSmInaMdana, gumAna. narabherAma, alakakizorI vagere pAtrone kvacita nIce paDatAM paNa vaLI pAchAM UMce caDatAM batAvAyAM che. sarasvatIcaMdra, kumuda, kusuma, vidyAcatura, guNasuMdarI, viSNudAsa, caMdrAvalI vagere pAtromAM AdarzanuM nirUpaNa vAstavikatAnI maryAdAmAM rahIne thayuM che. pAtrAlekhananI paddhatimAM lekhaka pote ja ghaNuMkharuM pAtrano vigate paricaya ApaNane karAvI de che. tyAra pachI enAM vANI ane vartana dvArA ApaNe enA savizeSa paricayamAM AvIe chIe. kvacita svagatokti, saMvAda, patra, svapna vagere dvArA lekhaka pAtranA mAnasapRthakkaraNamAM pAMDityanI zuSkatA ane dIrghasUtritA paNa AvI jAya che. tema chatAM potAnAM svAnubhava, nirIkSaNa, janasvabhAvanI parakha vagerene lIdhe lekhaka ApaNane vaividhyapUrNa, svAbhAvika, sajIvana pAtrasRSTi ApI zakyA che. temAMye puruSapAtro karatAM strIpAtro (kumuda, kusuma, caMdrAvalI, guNasuMdarI, kamalArANI, menArANI, bindumatI, alakakizorI vagere)nA AlekhanamAM emanI kalAe vizeSa zakti dAkhavI che. vastusaMkalanA ane pAtrAlekhanamAM lekhakanI apratima zaktinAM jevAM darzana thAya che, tevAM temanI nirUpaNapaddhatimAM paNa thAya che. prasaMga hoya ke pAtra, prakRti hoya ke paristhiti e darekanuM mAMDIne vigatapracura Alekhana karavAnA zoka ane zakti govardhanarAmamAM rahelA jaNAya che. navalakathAmAM lekhake keTaleka sthaLe nirbheLa manohara prakRticitro AlekhyAM che. bhUpasiMhanA rAjadarabAranA varNanamAM lekhakanI e prakAranI zakti ApaNe joI zakIe chIe. prasaMga ke paristhitinA AlekhanamAM paNa eTalA ja vividha raMgo pUrIne ene teo sacoTa ane uThAvadAra banAvatA rahyA che. lekhaka prakRtie kavi paNa che ane ethI emanI kavitvazaktinA camakArA sthaLe sthaLe dekhA de che. keTalAMka AlekhanomAM to upamAdi alaMkAro vaDe rAcatI 4ja ka sAhityadarzana

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emanI zailI kavitvanI koTi sudhI pahoMcI che. navalakathAmAM saMvAdanuM tattva AjanI navalakathAnI sarakhAmaNImAM kadAca ochuM jaNAze, paraMtu potAnI purogAmI navalakathAonI sarakhAmaNImAM "sarasvatIcaMdra'mAM saMvAda ane nATyatattvanuM pramANa ane emAM rahelI lekhakanI zakti avazya dhyAna kheMce evAM che. narmada vagerethI zarU thayelA sughaDa gujarAtI gadyanA vikAsamAM ziSTa, saMskArI, pravAhI, layabaddha, vividha arthachaTAyukta, kavitvanI koTi sudhI pahoMcatA zaktizALI gadyanuM darzana prathama ApaNane "sarasvatIcaMdra'mAM thAya che. alabatta, lekhakanI zailImAM dIrghasUtritAne lIdhe kvacita zuSkatA ke kliSTatA paNa Ave che. paNa ekaMdare navanavA unmeSa sAdhatI emanI gadyazailI keTalIka dRSTie amuka aMze bANabhaTTanI zailInI yAda apAve evI che. sarasvatIcaMdramAM govardhanarAme jIvananI UMDI mImAMsA karI che. pahelA bhAgamAM emaNe kanyAkeLavaNI, kauTuMbika saMskAra, adhama saMgati, atithisatkAra, rAjanIti, pradhAnano dharma, prajApokAra, aMgrejI vidyAnA doSa, maitrI, pakSIya rAjakAraNa, cAra puruSArtha, traNa Azrama vagere vize potAnA vicAro chUTAchavAyA rajU karyA che. pachInA bhAgomAM dezI rAjyo, gRhasaMsAra, dharma ane tattvajJAna vagerenAM vividha pAsAMonI emaNe karelI chaNAvaTamAM lokakalyANa ane mAnavajIvananA ucca AdarzanI dRSTi rahelI che. prAcIna paribhASA vAparIe to jIvananAM caturvidha kSetromAMnI dharma, artha ane kAmanI mImAMsA emaNe karI che ane emAM rahelAM jIvananAM sanAtana mUlyonuM darzana karAvyuM che. "sarasvatIcaMdranI mahattA enA A ciMtana saMbhArane lIdhe ja vizeSa che. lekhake je kaMI ciMtana karyuM che temAM paNa emanI eka kuzaLa sarjaka tarIkenI zakti jaNAya che. emaNe potAnA vicAro mAtra nibaMdhAtmaka prakaraNarUpe rajU na karatAM rUpaka, svapna, saMvAda, vyAkhyAna, patra vagere svarUpe rajU karIne nirUpaNamAM vaividhya ANI ene zakya eTaluM rocaka banAvavAno prayAsa karyo che. enA ciMtanatattvane kAraNe ja AnaMdazaMkare "sarasvatIcaMdrane "purANa' athavA AkaragraMtha' tarIke oLakhAvavAno prayatna karyo che. eTalA mATe ja ene "saMskRtikathA' ke "smRtikathA'nuM biruda maLyuM che. eTalA mATe ja jagatanI mahAnavalomAM sthAna levAne e adhikArI banI che ema nhAnAlAle mAnyuM che. govardhanarAme potAnI jIvanabharanI zakti emAM ThAlavI che ane ethI ja jIvanabharanA adhyayana mATenI sAmagrI emAMthI maLI rahe ema che. mATe ja gujarAtI navalakathAsAhityamAM e cakravartI sthAna bhogavatI rahI che. vyAsa ane vAlmIki, kAlidAsa ane bhavabhUti, bANa ane zrIharSa, jayadeva sarasvatIcaMdra 405

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ane bhartuhari, dAnta ane milTana, golDasmitha ane Tenisana, barka ane gaTe, narasiMha ane premAnaMda, mIrAMbAI ane dayArAma vagere jagatanA mahAna sAhityasvAmIonI amara kRtiomAMthI rasapAna karIne poSAyelI ane emanI chAyA jhIlatI govardhanarAmanI sarjaka pratibhAe mAnavanA bAhya ane AMtara jIvananA aneka khUNA ajavALatAM prakAzacitro ApIne sarjananAM unnata zikharo sara karyA che ane e dvArA gadya mahAkAvyanI koTimAM mUkI zakAya evA gauravagraMthanI ApaNane bheTa dharI che. enA keTalAka aMzo have kAlagrasta avazya thayA che, topaNa enAthI mAtra gujarAtI navalakathAnuM ja nahi, samagra gujarAtI sAhityanuM mukha ujvaLa rahyuM che. 06 sAhityadarzana

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26 zatAbdanI kavitAnuM zakavartI vivecana eka hiMdIbhASI sAhityarasika prAdhyApaka-mitrane kavitAnAM jUnAM hiMdI, gujarAtI, marAThI pustako ekatra karavAno ane eno abhyAsa karavAno zokha che. koI vakhata jyAre teo gujarAtI kavitAnuM koIka bahu jUnuM ajANyuM pustaka laI Ave ke tarata pUche, "A pustaka Ape joyuM che ?" lagabhaga poNoso ke so varSa pahelAM pragaTa thayeluM gujarAtI kavitAnuM koIka pustaka batAvatAM vaLI pUche, "ane A kavinuM nAma sAMbhaLyuM che ? ane kahevuM paDe, "nA bhAI, A pustaka joyuM nathI ane enA kavinuM nAma paNa sAMbhaLyuM nathI. muMbaInA koI pustakAlayamAM paNa A kAvyagraMtha jovAmAM Avyo nathI." pharI prazna thAya, "A kavino A uparAMta bIjo koI kAvyagraMtha pragaTa thayo haze ? enA vize kaMIka mAhitI kyAMthI maLe ?" ane eno javAba apAya, "hA, e mAhitI "arvAcIna kavitAmAMthI jarUra maLI rahe." ane tarata sundaram-kRta 'arvAcIna kavitAnAM pAnAM uthalAvatAM e kavi ane enA kAvyagraMtha ke kAvyagraMtho vize thoDI paNa upayogI ane pramANabhUta mAhitI maLI jAya. bIjI bAju koI vidyArthI ke koI sAhityarasika abhyAsI sudhAraka yuganA ke paMDita yuganA. koI mukhya ke gauNa kavinI kavitAnuM ke kavitAnA pravAhonuM adhyayana karavA icche ane e vize thayelA vivecananA lekho ke graMthonI yAdI taiyAra kare tyAre temAM sundaram-kRta 'arvAcIna kavitAno acUka nirdeza karavo ja paDe. Ama, "arvAcIna kavitAnuM gujarAtI vivecanasAhityamAM atyaMta mahattvanuM sthAna eka saMdarbha graMtha tarIke paNa che ane eka abhyAsagraMtha tarIke paNa che. gata zatakanI gujarAtI kavitAnuM aitihAsika dRSTie kAlAnukrame vivecana karatA e graMthane zatAbdanI kavitAnuM zakavartI vivecana 407

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keTalAke "AkAragraMtha' tarIke oLakhAvyo che te yogya ja che. I. sa. 1946mAM A graMtha pragaTa thayo ane te varSanA mahIDA pAritoSika mATe yogya gaNAyo te pachI vartamAna samaya sudhImAM lagabhaga pA sadI jeTalo samaya pasAra thaI gayo che. ATalA samayAvadhimAM gAMdhI yuganA sundaram -- umAzaMkaranI peDhInA lagabhaga ghaNAkharA kavionI kavitAe have spaSTa AkAra dhAraNa karI lIdho che, keTalAka kavionI kAvyasarjananI pravRttinI samApti thaI cUkI che, to keTalAka te samaye khUba jhaLahaLatA kavionI kavitA ane kavipratibhA have thoDI jhAMkhI paNa paDavA lAgI che. bIjI bAju chellA dAyakA-doDha dAyakAmAM adyatana gujarAtI kavitAe, potAnI keTakeTalI maryAdAo hovA chatAM, je keTalIka navI siddhio dAkhavI che ane samagra pravAhe je navo vaLAMka lIdho che ane navI dizAo ajavALI che te jotAM I. sa. 184pamAM AraMbhAyelI ane AjhAdI pUrve pUrA thayelA saikAnI gujarAtI kavitAnI A vivecanagraMtha upara pharIthI eka vAra najara pheravavAnuM paNa rasabharyuM nIvaDaze. arvAcIna gujarAtI kavitAnA vivecananuM kArya gujarAta vidyAsabhAe kavi sundaramene kema soMpyuM haze evo prazna thavo na joIe, chatAM koIkane kadAca thAya paNa kharo, kAraNa ke koI paNa kavi bIjA kavionI kavitAnuM vivecana karavA bese temAM geralAbha paNa che ane lAbha paNa che. kavisahaja vaiyaktika, prAkRtika ke kAritika rAgadveSa ane pUrvagrahothI yukta vivecana jema geralAbha karAvanAra hoI zake tema ucca sauMdaryadaSTi, alaukika anubhUti, kavitA padArthanI sUkSmadarzI parakha ane kAvyasarjananI prakriyAnI pratyakSa pratIti jenI pAse hoya tevo samadarzI kavi jo saMniSTha vivecaka paNa hoya to te anyanI kavitAnuM sUkSmadarzI, marmagAmI, taTastha vivecana paNa karI zake. kavi sundaram pAse karAvAyelA A vivecanakAryamAM, koIkanA mate kadAca ApaNane thoDo geralAbha paNa thayo hoya topaNa evuM lAbhapAsuM eTaluM badhuM sadhdhara ane samartha che ke geralAbha bahu najare paNa nahi Ave. vastutaH arvAcIna gujarAtInuM vivecana karavAno sundaramUno adhikAra vizeSa che, kAraNa ke teo jema samartha kavi che tema samartha vivecaka paNa che, sundaramane ApaNe kavi tarIke vadhAre sArI rIte oLakhIe chIe. paraMtu gadyalekhananA kSetre paNa emanI lekhinI eTalI ja vahelI cheka 1926thI pravRtta thaI hatI. vidyApIThamAM vidyAbhyAsa karatAM aDhAra varSanI vaye emanuM gadyalekhana hastalikhita sAmayika paMcataMtra'mAM pragaTa thayuM zarU thayeluM ane tyArapachI mudrita "sAbaramatI'mAM cAlu raheluM. gadyalekhanamAM sundaram krame krame gadyakRtio ane kAvyakRtionAM avalokano tarapha 408 sAhityadarzana

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vaLe che ane sAbaramatI' pachI 'kaumudI', prasthAna", "buddhiprakAza', "mAnasI" ItyAdi sAmayikomAM pragaTa thayelA emanA vivecanalekho vivecaka sundaramUnI vikasatI jatI vivecanazaktinA sAkSIrUpa che. e lekho jyAre pustakarUpe pragaTa karavAnuM vicArAyuM tyAre lekhaka saMvedano anubhave che te emanA ja zabdomAM juo : "AmAMnA ghaNAeka lekho saMgraha mATe pharI pharI vaMcAtA gayA tema tema temAM keTaluMye Aje AghuMpAchuM karavA jevuM lAgyuM. navo navo vivecaka kevo to mijAja rAkhe, kevI to garamI batAve, samAjanA nAme kevI to nAmasamaja batAve evI vividha sthitionAM citro AmAM mane dekhAvA lAgyAM, paraMtu A badhI vastuone ThIkaThAka karI saMpUrNatAnA rUpamAM rajU karavAnI dhRSTatA paNa karI zakAtI nathI. eTale mArI vivecanamatinA vividharUpa Alekha jevo A saMgraha jevo che tevo rajU karI eka kartavyapUrtino saMtoSa vyakta karIne aTakuM chuM avalokanA 1965, prastAvanA, pR.16). Ama, lagabhaga 1930thI 1940nA gALAmAM sundaramUnA hAthe kAvyavivecananuM kArya vakhatovakhata thatuM rahyuM ane e kArya tarapha emanI abhimukhatA paNa vadhatI rahI, je "ba. ka. ThAkoranI kavitAsamRddhi nAmanI emanI lekhamALAmAM savizeSa dekhAya che. vaLI 1941mAM gujarAta sAhitya sabhA taraphathI soMpAyelA graMthasamIkSAnA kAryamAM sundarame te varSanA kAvyagraMthonI karelI samIkSAmAM emanI vivecaka tarIkenI zaktinuM vadhAre pukhta svarUpe ApaNane darzana thAya che. A ja arasAmAM gujarAtI kavitAnuM vivecanakArya gujarAta vidyAsabhA taraphathI emane soMpavAmAM AveluM ane krame krame uttarottara vadhu Asanabaddha banIne vizALa phalaka para vivecanakArya karatA kavi sundaram pAsethI "arvAcIna kavitA' nAmano eka vadhu saMgIna ane samartha vivecanagraMtha ApaNane sAMpaDe che ane saMbhava che ke sAhityika vivecananA kSetre A emanI sauthI vadhu mUlyavAna kRti raheze. kAraNa ke poMDicerInA nivAsa pachI gujarAtI sAhityavivecananAM kSetre emanuM arpaNa paNa ghaTyuM che ane emanI abhimukhatA paNa ochI thayelI jaNAya che. eka saikAnI kavitAnuM vivecanakArya je svarUpe A graMthamAM thayuM che te svarUpe karavuM te nAnuMsUnuM kArya nathI. potAne soMpAyA pachI lagabhaga ATha varSe pAra pADeluM A vivecanakArya lekhakanAM zrama ane saMniSThAnuM paNa dyotaka che. graMthanI prastAvanAmAM lekhaka lakhe che, "graMthastha thayelI badhI ja arvAcIna kavitA vAMcavAno saMkalpa karatAM nAnAmoTA 350 jeTalA kavionI nAnImoTI savAhajAra jeTalI kRtio meM vAMcI. emAMthI chevaTe kAvyaguNa dharAvatA aDhIsoeka lekhako ane temanI kRtione meM zatAbdanI kavitAnuM zakvartI vivecana 409

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ahIM avalokana mATe levAnuM nakkI karyuM." lekhakanA A bhagIratha kArya pAchaLa cokkasa dRSTi paNa rahelI che. emaNe pUrvataiyArIrUpe mAtra kavitAnuM ja adhyayana nahi paraMtu te te kavi ane kavitA vize thayelA vivecananuM paNa adhyayana karyuM. ApaNA tejasvI kavionI kavitAnuM tattvayukta ane talagAmI avalokana" te pUrve thaI gayeluM hovAthI A vivecanakArya pAchaLa pote rAkhela viziSTa abhigama samajAvatAM sundaram pote arvAcIna kavitA'nI prastAvanAmAM lakhe che, "have chellAM soeka varSanI ApaNI kAvyapravRttine ApaNe eka aitihAsika sAtatyabharelI ghaTanA tarIke avalokI zakIe tevI sthiti che, ane AvazyakatA paNa che. ane e lakSyamAM rAkhI arvAcIna kavitA je rIte kAlanA kramamAM vikasatI gaI che teno Alekha, tenI rekhA doravA meM ahIM prayatna karyo che." | 'arvAcIna kavitA'mAM kavionA krama ane kAvyavivecanamAM paNa cokkasa dRSTi ane yojanA rahelI che. kavionA prathama kAvya ke prathama kAvyasaMgrahanA kALane paNa lakSamAM rAkhI kAlAnukrame karavAmAM AvelA A vivecanamAM arvAcIna kavitAnA navA ane jUnA pravAhane lekhake vibhakta karI, navA pravAhane stabakavAra, khaMDako ane enA peTAvibhAgo pramANe goThavI kavitAnI mulavaNI karI che ane temAM paNa dareka kavinI chellAmAM chellI kRti sudhI avalokanane laI javAmAM AvyuM che. vaLI, graMthamaryAdAne lakSamAM rAkhI jANItA kavionI carcAmAM emaNe kAvyapaMktionAM avataraNone bahu sthAna ApyuM nathI, jyAre ochA jANItA kavionI kRtiomAMthI bane tyAM lagI temanA guNane pragaTa karI Ape evAM kAvyapaMktionAM avataraNo vadhu ApyAM che ane doSonAM dRSyanto TaLI nAkhyAM che. Ama, "arvAcIna kavitA'nA lakhANane sthUla pRthakkaraNanI dRSTie joIe to traNa tabakamAM vibhakta thayelA avacIna gurAtI kavitAnA navA pravAhanA. pahelA stabakamAM I. sa. 1845thI 1884 sudhInI eTale ke sudhAraka yuganI gujarAtI kavitAnuM, bIjA stabakamAM 1885thI 1930 sudhInI - eTale ke paMDita yuganI - gujarAtI kavitAnuM ane trIjA stabakamAM 1931thI te 1942-46 sudhInA samayanI - eTale ke AjhAdI pUrvenA gAMdhIyuganI gujarAtI kavitAnuM lekhake vivecana karyuM che. - A traNe stabakonI potapotAnI lAkSaNikatAo paNa che. pahelA stabakamAM lekhake prAvezika uparAMta be khaMDaka pADyA che ane temAM pahelA khaMDakamAM dalapatarAma, narmadAzaMkara, navalarAma vagere mukhya kavionI kavitAnuM ane bIjA khaMDakamAM dalapatarItinA, narmadarItinA ane pArasIbolInA anya kavionI kavitAnuM tathA 410 sAhityadarzana

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prAsaMgika kRtionuM vivecana karyuM che. bIjA stabakamAM lekhake prAvezika uparAMta cAra khaMDaka pADyA che ane temAM pahelA khaMDakamAM bAlAzaMkara, kalApI, sAgara vagere masta raMganA kavio'nI kavitAnuM, bIjA khaMDakamAM narasiMharAva, kAnta, nhAnAlAla, khabaradAra, ThAkora ityAdinI kavitAnuM, trIjA khaMDakamAM DAhyAlAla derAsI, lalita, boTAdakara vagere dvitIya paMktinA kavionI kavitAnuM ane cothA khaMDakamAM rAsa tathA bALakAvyonuM vivecana karyuM che. trIjA stabakamAM mAtra prAvezika ApavAmAM Avyo che, ane te pachI jUnA pravAha'nA zIrSaka heThaLa be nAnA khaMDakamAM e varganA kavionI kavitAnuM vivecana karavAmAM AvyuM che. A traNe stabakanI paraspara tulanA karIe to jaNAze ke ekanI je vizeSatA che te anyanI nathI. dareka stabakanA prAvezikamAM lekhake te te yuganI gujarAtI kavitAnAM mukhya mukhya lakSaNonI chaNAvaTa karI che, paraMtu pahelA karatAM bIjA ane bIjA karatAM trIjA stabakano prAvezika vadhAre vigate AlekhAyo che. pahelA stabakanA mAtra prAvezika uparathI te yuganI kavitAno khyAla, bIjA-trIjAnA prAvezikanI sarakhAmaNImAM, jeTalo Avavo joIe teTalo Avato nathI. vaLI, temAM 1845 pUrvenI madhyakAlIna gujarAtI kavitA sAthe navI kavitAnA sAmyavaiSamyanI khAsa saMtoSakara carcAvicAraNA karavAmAM AvI nathI. pahelA stabakamAM pArasIbolInA kavionI vicAraNA karavAmAM AvI che, paraMtu bIjA stabakamAM pA2sIbolInA kaviono ullekha-abhyAsa, pahelA stabakanI jema ka2vAmAM Avyo nathI; joke lekhake pote pahelA stabakamAM e viSe nirdeza karyo che chatAM. pahelA stabakanuM eka AgavuM aMga te prAsaMgika kRtio'nuM avalokana che, je A graMthamAM keTaluMka rasika vAcana pUruM pADe che. tatkAlIna prasaMgo ghaTanAo ityAdi vize tatkAlIna kavivANI kevI vahetI ane tenI pAchaLa raheluM kavimAnasa ke kavilaNa kevuM chatuM thAya che te A prakAranI racanAono abhyAsa darzAve che. paraMtu bIjA ke trIjA stabakamAM lekhake prAsaMgika kRtiono e prakArano abhyAsa choDI dIdho che. bIjA stabakamAM mukhya kavionI saMkhyA moTI che ane gauNa kavionI saMkhyA paNa ghaNI moTI che. vaLI, e taratano najIkano bhUtakALa hovAne lIdhe enA sAdhAraNa kavio paNa dhyAnapAtra lAge evuM bane ja. A stabakanI eka vivAdAspada banelI bAbata te e stabakanA prasthAnabiMdu vizenI che. bIjI AvRttinI prastAvanAmAM eno radiyo ApatAM sundarame lakhyuM che, "huM AzA rAkhuM chuM ke je rIte gujarAtI kavitAne tenA vikasatA aitihAsika krame meM vAMcI che te rIte teo vAMcaze to temane A zatAbdanI kavitAnuM zakavartI vivecana 411

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vidhAnanI satyArthatA jaNAyA vinA nahi rahe. AmAM koInI gAdI paDAvI levAno prazna hoI na zake. narasiMharAve tema ja temanA 'kusumamALA'e te vakhate ApaNA zikSita mAnasa u52 je asara pADelI te vastu to suvidita che. paraMtu dalapatayuga pachI gujarAtI kavitAnuM je navuM svarUpa baMdhAyuM tenuM jyAre nirIkSaNa karIe chIe tyAre temAM prathama parivartanakArI navonmeSa vyakta karato aMkura te 1885mAM prasiddha thayeluM bAlAzaMkaranuM 'kalAnta kavi' ane nahi ke 1887mAM prasiddha narasiMharAvanuM 'kusumamALA' e itihAsanI hakIkata che.'' bIjA staMbakanA kavio lekhakanA taratanA purogAmI kavio che ane tethI emanA abhyAsamAM lekhake nirbhayatApUrvaka pUrI sAvadhAnI rAkhelI jaNAya che, chatAM paNa ApaNA eka pratiSThita vivecaka zrI anaMtarAya rAvaLane lakhavuM paDyuM che ke, "pItIta, 'klAnta', tribhuvana premazaMkara, hiralAla dhruva, bhImarAva ane sAgara jevA kavionA mUlyAMkanamAM thoDuMka namatuM jokhI temane ghaTato insApha Apyo che, to narasiMharAva, nhAnAlAla AdinI mulavaNImAM e pUrepUrA kaDaka paNa banyA che. 'kAnta', 'zeSa' ane ThAkorano kavitA mATeno sundaramno pakSapAta samajAya evo che. paNa 'klAnta' mATeno nahi, lAge che ke ogaNIsamI sadInA uttarArdhanA gujarAtI kavio be ja klAnta ane 'kAnta' e ova2 bAunDarImAMnA umAzaMkarI utsAhano cepa sundaramne paNa lAgyo che.' (cheMtAlIsanuM graMthastha vAMmaya - pR. 63) trIjA stabakamAM lekhake, e stabakanA kavionuM kAvyasarjana tyAre haju cAlu ja hovAthI, vyaktigata dareka kavinI tyAra sudhImAM pragaTa thayelI samagra kavitAnuM alaga vivecana nathI karyuM, paraMtu e stabakanI kavitAnI lAkSaNikatAonuM ane enA pravAhanuM samagrapaNe, vistArathI, vizadatAthI vihaMgAvalokana karyuM che ane te yogya ja che. A bakanI kavitAmAM tenAM ghaDatarabaLo, vikAsabinduo, tenA unmeSo, viSayo, kAvyarUpo, paraMparAo, prayogo, maryAdAo ityAdinI savistara samAlocanAmAM sundarame potAne mATenA nAmanirdezanI bAbatamAM pUrAM tATasthya ane viveka jALavelAM jaNAze. krikeTanI ramatamAM ramanArane mAthe ampAyaranI pharaja bajAvavAnI jokhamabharelI javAbadArI AvI paDe ane chatAM potAne mAthe jarA paNa apavAda na Ave evA gauravapUrvaka te pAra pADe tema A staMbakanA vivecanamAM kavi sundaram vize lakhatAM vivecaka sundarame potAno vivekadharma prazasya rIte bajAvyo che ema kehI zakAya. jUnA-navA kavitApravAhanA gauNa kavionI bAbatamAM tathA kavitAnAM saMpAdano ane anuvAdonI bAbatamAM lekhake mabalaka mAhitI ApI che, jemAMthI keTalIka to 412 " sAhityadarzana

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tyAre pahelI ja vAra jAheramAM, vyavasthita rUpamAM AvI. alabatta, keTaleka sthaLe lekhakanuM lakhANa ghaNuM ja mitAkSarI banI gayuM che. udAharaNa tarIke zrImad rAjacaMdranI kavitAno lekhake Apelo paricaya zrImad rAjacaMdranA koI paNa abhyAsIne saMtarpaka nahi lAge. tevI rIte, "bahena sarasvatInuM "zrI bhaktirasAmRta' (1939) eka sujJa lekhikAnI kRti tarIke noMdhapAtra bane che" (arvAcIna kavitA, bIjI AvRtti, pR.507) evo doDheka paMktimAM karelo achaDato nirdeza ke evA keTalAka gauNa kaviono paricaya evo haze ke je keTalAkane pUrato na lAge, paraMtu graMthapratijJA ane kadamaryAdAne kAraNe ja lekhakane evo mAtra mitAkSarI paricaya Apavo paDyo che e ApaNe lakSamAM rAkhavuM ja joIe. alabatta, arvAcIna kavitAnI lekhake ahIM ApI che te rUparekhAne bhinnabhinna dRSTikoNathI ghaNIbadhI rIte vadhArAumerA sAthe vistArI zakAya tevI che te lekhakanA potAnA paNa khyAlamAM ja che. e vize prastAvanAmAMnA emanA zabdo ja juo : "A rekhA saLaMga rUpanI che chatAM ghaNI kSINa che. ApaNI kavitAne tenA vividha saMdarbhomAM joI zakavA mATe A rekhAne vividha rIte puSTa karavAnI apekSA hajI UbhI rahe che. kavinI kaLAzaktinAM pratinidhitvarUpa paryApta dacaMto, kavinuM sAMskArika ghaDatara, kavinA kAvyane samajavA mATe ochAmAM ochI Avazyaka hoya teTalI kavijIvananI bhUmikA; kavinA jIvananI pazcAdbhUmAM ke agrabhUmAM pravartI rahelAM AMtara ane bAhya baLo, sattvo, paristhiti, pravAho; ane kAvyasamagrano samagra jIvanamAM thato viniyoga tathA tenA dvArA sadhAyelI kaLAnI siddhi, jIvananA vividha AvirbhAvomAM umerAyelo AnaMda ane sauMdaryano navo AvirbhAva : A badhAMnI abhyAsInA ane tattvapipAsunA aMtarane tRpta kare tevI rajUAta thavI jarUrI che. paNa te eka vyaktinuM kAma nathI; ane hoya topaNa eka graMthanuM kAma nathI... AvuM vizALa bRhad ane udAra kArya eka divasa siddha thAo evo madhura saMkalpa ja atyAre to vyakta karuM chuM." ahIM lekhake arvAcIna gujarAtI kavitAnA vividha abhigamayukta abhyAsa mATe karelAM sUcano bhaviSyanA abhyAsIne, koI paNa kavitAnA abhyAsa mATe mArgadarzaka nIvaDe evAM che. Ama, A graMthamAM sundarame arvAcIna gujarAtI viSaya, vicAra, bhASA, bhAvormi, kalpanA, rasa, alaMkAro, vRtto, bhAvapratIko, vyaMjanAo, svarUpa, prayogazIlatA, rIti, zailI, paraMparA, kavipratibhA, AtmalakSitA, maulikatA, asara, anukaraNa, saraLatA-durbodhatA-bodhakatA, sAmAjika-dhArmika pratibiMba ke lokajIvanano prabhAva ItyAdi kAvya ane kAvyavivecananAM vividha aMgopAMganI dRSTie, svaccha zatAbdanI kavitAnuM zakavartI vivecana 413

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ane zAMta citte mulavaNI karI che. dIrghasUtrI banyA vagara badhA ja muddAone AvarI letI, ziSTa, saMskArI, prAsAdika ane saMyamita bhASAmAM thayeluM emanuM vivecana eTaluM ja AsvAdya ane hRdayaMgama banyuM che. emAM dRSTinI gahanatA ane vyApakatA, viveka ane niSThA, taTasthatA ane sahRdayatA, nikhAlasatA ane nirbhayatA, guNAnurAgitA ane sUkSmadarzitA, ciMtanazIlatA ane sattvazIlatA jevAM guNalakSaNono subhaga samanvaya thayo che ane ethI ja emanuM A vivecanakArya mUlyavAna banyuM che. sundaramUnA A vivecanagraMthane pragaTa thayAne pA sadI thavA AvI ane eTalA samayamAM gujarAtI kavitAno vadhu ane vadhu abhyAsa thato rahyo che, paraMtu "arvAcIna kavitA' jeTaluM ke tethI vadhu sAmarthya darzAve evo arvAcIna gujarAtI kavitAnAM vivecanano koI graMtha haju ApaNane sAMpaDyo nathI ane sAMpaDaze tyAre paNa arvAcIna kavitAnuM mUlya to mahattvanuM rahyuM ja haze. kALanA pravAhamAM samaye samaye jUnI kRtionuM navesarathI mUlyAMkana karavAno avasara navI navI peDhIone prApta thato javAno. eTale 1845mAM zarU thayelI arvAcIna gujarAtI kavitAe jyAre bIjo eka Akho saiko joyo haze tyAre paNa pahelA saikAnI ApaNI gujarAtI kavitAnuM ApaNA eka samartha ane saMniSTha kavi-vivecake kareluM A vivecanakArya ghaNe aMze saMmAnya rahyuM haze ane mATe ja kavi sundaramanA A vivecanane ApaNe zakavartI vivecana tarIke avazya oLakhAvI zakIe. 414 - sAhityadarzana

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27 zyAma raMga samIpe pAtro bipinacaMdra mohanalAla nalinakAnta mANekalAla prabhutA amitA kiMcana gora mahArAja lAlacaMda anya mANaso yazavaMta praveza pahelo sthaLa : lAlacaMda zeThanA gharanuM vAnakhAnuM. samayaH sAMjanA sAtano. nalinakAnta ane prabhutA chApuM vAMce che ane pAnAMnI adalAbadalI kare che, tyAM lAlacaMda ane mohanalAla praveza kare che. nalinakAnta ne prabhutA UbhAM thAya che. mohanalAla temane baMnene joIne moM malakAve che.] lAlacaMda : pravezIne, koTa utAratAM bipinacaMdra haju nathI AvyA? nalinakAnta : nA bApujI, (kAMDA ghaDiyALa sAme joI) paNa sAta thavA AvyA che, eTale have AvavA joIe. lAlacaMda : parIkSA keTalA vAgye pUrI thAya che ? nalinakAnta : cha vAgye. lAlacaMda : bapore tuM gayo'to nAsto laIne ? zyAma raMga samIpe 415

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nalinakAnta : hA, ame baMne gayAM hatAM. lAlacaMda : sIdhA ahIM ja AvavAnA che ne? nalinakAnta : hA. lAlacaMda : javAnuM kyAre rAkhyuM che? nalinakAnta : kAla sAMjanI gADImAM. lAlacaMda ThIka, huM jarA mohanalAla zeTha sAthe bAjunA rUmamAM beTho chuM. bipinacaMdra Ave eTale mane bolAvaje; jatAM jatAM) mAre vAta karavI che. nalinakAnta : sAruM. lAlacaMda ane mohanalAla jAya che.] prabhutA : bApujIne emanI sAthe zI vAta karavAnI haze bhAI ? nalinakAnta : tArA lagnanIsto. prabhutA : paNa e to kahe che ke haju be-traNa varSa sudhI lagna nathI karavAM. nalinakAnta : bhalene kahe. bApujI pUchaze eTale nA thoDI pADavAnI che? prabhutA : jaladI mAnI jAyato sAruM.... (ghaMTaDI vAge che.) e ja AvyA lAge che. (utsAhamAM AvI bAraNuM kholavA jAya che tyAM kaMcanane joI) A to kaMcanabhAbhI - kaMcanabahena AvyAM che ! kicana praveza kare che.] kaMcana : "bhAbhI'mAMthI "bahena' kyArathI ? nalinakAnta : tane kahyuM hatuM ke, kaMcana, ke hamaNAM ahIM na AvatI ? atyAre bApujI tane joze to amane keTaluM laDaze ? kaMcana : zuM kAma laDe ? huM kaMI thoDI pArake ghera AvI chuM? nalinakAnta : paNa tane meM kahyuM hatuM ne ke thoDA divasamAM tane "hA -- nAno javAba maLI jaze. kaMcana : hA; ne tyArano mAro jIva keTalo UDI gayo che! tamane khabara che, mArI bAe Aje traNa divasathI khAdhuM paNa nathI ! prabhutA : temAM ame zuM karIe ? bApujI AgaLa amArAthI kaMI ochuM ja bolAya che ? kaMcana : (saroSa) nA kema bolAya ? ATalAM varasa sagAI rAkhI ane have lagnanuM puchAvyuM tyAre vicAra karavA beThA ? mArA bApujI jIvatA beThA hatA tyAre karavo to ne vicAra. 416 ra sAhityadarzana

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prabhutA : emAM ame zuM jANIe ? tamane ema lAgatuM hoya to jAva pUcho jaIne bApujIne. na nalinakAnta : prabhutA, tuM vacce na bola, kaMcana, tuM atyAre jatI rahe, - samajIne jatI rahe. nakAmuM tAruM apamAna thaze. kaMcana : je thAya te; huM javAba lIdhA vagara javAnI nathI. bApujI game ? tame nA kahetA ho to mAre kaMI mArI meLe mAruM phoDI laIza; ne te kahe. tame pote zuM kaho cho baLajabarIthI paraNavuM nathI. nahi phAve to jhera khAIza ! prabhutA : juo, evI dhamakIthI ame bI javAnAM nathI, samajyAM ? lyo, huM ja tamane kahI dauM ke mArA bhAI tamArI sAthe lagna... nalinakAnta : (vacce) prabhutA ! tane koNa A badhuM DahApaNa karavAnuM kahe che ? (kaMcanane) jo kaMcana, huM tane hA ke nA kahuM e kazuM cAlavAnuM nathI. bApujI thoDA vakhatamAM tAre ghera kahevaDAvI deze, basa ? pachI... kaMcana : ema ja kahone ke tamAre ja nathI paraNavuM, paNa potAnA moDhe maganuM nAma marI nathI pADavuM. ne bApujI' bApujI' karyA karavuM che ! prabhutA : je samajo te... nalinakAntaH prabhutA ! tane kahyuM ne ke tuM vacce na bola ! kaMcana, tane paNa keTalI vAra kahyuM ke atyAre ahIMthI jatI... kaMcana : (ugra thaI, jatAM jatAM) A badhuM paisAnuM ja abhimAna ! prabhutA (saroSa) hA, hA, jA - nalinakAnta : (ghAMTo pADIne) prabhutA !! kaMcana : (jatAM jatAM AMkhamAM AMsu sAthe) have A kaMcanane jIvatI nahi juo. [jAya che.] nalinakAnta : tuM nAhaka vacce DabaDaba karatI'tI. prabhutA : paNa bhAI, mane tamArI rIta ja pasaMda nathI. eka vakhata cokhkhI nA kahI dIdhI hota to thoDI pachI UbhI rahevAnI hatI ? nalinakAnta : ema ekadama nA kahI devAnI zI jarUra ? sAmA mANasano paNa vicAra karavo joIe ne ? paMdara-soLa varasa sagAI rAkhI, ne have jyAre e nirAdhAra thaI che tyAre nA kahIe to sAmA zyAma raMga samIpe 417

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mANasanuM to kALajuM ja besI jAya ne ? tane ja, dAkhalA tarIke, atyAre bipinacaMdra nA pADI de to kevuM thAya ? prabhutA : bipinacaMdra mane zuM kAma nA pADe? mArAmAM evI zI khoDakhAMDapaNa ke avaguNa che? nalinakAnta : tyAre kaMcana kALI che, e sivAya bIjo zo avaguNa che enAmAM ? UlaTAnuM tuM bipinacaMdrane zyAma hovA mATe jevI rIte... prabhutA : (ugra thaI jAva, jAva. evI khoTI vAta karo nahi. pUchajo bipinacaMdrane... (ghaMTaDI vAge che. prabhutA UbhI thaI bAraNuM ughADe che. bipinacaMdra praveze che.] prabhutA : Avo. nalinakAnta : Avo bipinacaMdra. kema, kevo gayo atyArano pepara ? bipinacaMdra : sAro gayo. nalinakAnta : Aje chUTyA tyAre. bipinacaMdra : hA, AjathI ujAgarA baMdha. prabhutA : pANI lAvIne ApatAM) khUba thAkI gayA lAgo cho ? bipinacaMdra : nA, jarA vicAramAM hato. nalikAnta, zuM zeThasAheba AvI gayA nalinakAnta : hA, tamArI ja rAha jue che. bAjunA rUmamAM beThA che, mohanalAla zeTha sAthe. bipinacaMdra : mohanalAla ? yazavaMtanA bApA? nalinakAnta : hA. jA ne prabhutA, bApujIne kahe.. bipinacaMdra : kAmamAM hoya to hamaNAM bhale tyAM beThA. tyAM sudhI ApaNe vAto karIe. prabhutA : hA, pachI ApaNI vAta nahi thAya. nalinakAnta : kema, AgaLa pachI zuM nakkI karyuM? bipinacaMdra : elaela.ema.no to pAko vicAra haju karyo nathI, paNa solisiTaranuM karavA to AvavAno ja chuM. nalinakAnta : to to be-traNa varSa amane tamArI kaMpanI maLavAnI. prabhutA : bhAI, mukhya vAta karI done. pachI bApujI Avaze eTale... bipinacaMdra : zuM ? 418 : sAhityadarzana

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nalinakAnta : prabhutAne) tuM ja kahe ne. prabhutA : eka khuzakhabara che. bolo, zuM haze? bipinacaMdra H bhagaMbhIratAthI nalinakAntanI pharI sagAI thavAnI che? prabhutA : hA, tamane kyAMthI khabara ? nalinakAnta : paNa tame kema Ama gaMbhIra cho ? bipinacaMdra : juo nalinakAnta, tamArI aMgata bAbatamAM mAthuM mAruM to mApha karajo; paNa tame kaMcana sAthenI sagAI toDI... nalinakAna : (sAzvarya tame kyAMthI jANyuM ? bipinacaMdra : game tyAMthI; - mAnI lo, kaMcana pAsethI. nalinakAna : atyAre nIce maLI haze! prabhutA : hA, ema ja lAge che. nalinakAnta : bApujI kahe che ke e kALI che. bipinacaMdra : paNa tame pote zuM kaho cho ? nalinakAnta : kALI che emAM to prazna ja nathI. bipinacaMdra : atyAra sudhI kALI nahotI ? te have lagna karavAnI ghaDIe lAgI ane sagAI toDI nAkhavA sudhIno vicAra karo cho ? prabhutA : emAM bhAIno jarAya vAMka nathI. bhAI bIcArA ghoDiyAmAM hatA tyAre bApujIe sagAI karI nAkhelI. ane Aje ApaNI vAtamAM evI sagAI kyAM nathI tUTatI ? bipinacaMdra : emAM bApujIne vacce lAvavAnI zI jarUra ? je nakkI karavAnuM hoya te to tamAre ja karavAnuM che. nalinakAnta : bApujI beThA hoya tyAM sudhI ApaNAthI zuM bolAya ? bipinacaMdra : nalinakAnta, tame ja bahu DhIlA cho. sAcuM kahuM chuM. tame jo makkama raho to pachI bApujI zuM karavAnA hatA ? prabhutA : ema bApujInI sAme thavAtuM haze? bipinacaMdra : khoTuM thatuM hoya to thavuM ye paDe. prabhutA : bApujI jarAya khoTuM karatA nathI. UlaTAnuM, bhAIne sArI kanyA maLe eTalA mATe mohanalAla zeTha mAraphata keTalI mahenata.. bipinacaMdra : mane lAge che ke A badhI khaTapaTa mohanalAlanI ja che. tamArA bApujI A eka gaMbhIra bhUla karI rahyA che. nalinakAnta : emAM bhUla zAnI? zyAma raMga samIpe na 419

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bipinacaMdra : phakta bhUla nahi. anyAya paNa karI rahyA che. eka garIba chokarInI jiMdagI sAthe tame ramata mAMDI che. sagAI toDavI hatI to ATalAM varasa rAkhI zuM kAma ? ane sAcuM kahejo, tame kaMcana sAthe pharavA nahotA jatA ? nalinakAnta : tethI zuM? bipinacaMdra : Ano artha to e thayo ke tame pote ja kaMcana sAthe paraNavA taiyAra nathI. tame AvI rIte kaMcanane tarachoDI dezo to e garIba, nirAdhAra chokarIno hAtha have koNa jhAlaze? nalinakAnta, tame eno bhava bagADI rahyA cho eno kaMI vicAra Ave che ? nalinakAnta : tethI mAre mAro bhava bagADavo ? prabhutA : potAno bhava bagADI pArakAno bhava sudhAravA koI jatuM haze kharuM? bipinacaMdra H hA; paNa AmAM tamAro bhava bagADavAnI kyAM vAta che ? tame ATalAM varasa eno je hAtha pakaDI rAkhyo e premane eka rUpALI chokarInI navI lAlacamAM lapasIne nahi abhaDAvavAnI tamArI asaliyata AmAM to sAcavavAnI che. tene badale Aje enI nirAdhArImAM che mAtra kALI hovAnA bahAne ene tarachoDI nAkhavA taiyAra thAo e narI nirdayatA che. ane kaMcana eTalI kALI ye nathI. paNa eka vakhata e rIte juo, eTale e hoya te karatAMya vadhAre kALI lAgavAnI. mATe ja sauMdaryamImAMsako kahe che ne, ke sauMdarya vastu gata karatAM bhAvagata vadhAre che. prabhutA : zuM bhaisAba, tame paNa moTI moTI vAto karo cho ! bipinacaMdra : phakta huM nahi, nalinakAnta paNa e ja kahetA hatA. bolo nalinakAnta, hRdayapUrvaka kahejo: pahelAM kaMcana tamane nahotI gamatI ? ane kaMcana kALI che enA bacAvamAM tame TAgoranuM peluM gIta nahotA gAtA? prabhutAne) ane tuM paNa mane peluM gIta gAIne... prabhutA : hasIne) e to huM mArA kRSNane cIDavavAnI ja. (hasatAM gAtI) zyAma raMga samIpe...." bipinacaMdra (hasatAM) ane ema karatAM eka divasa nalinakAntanI peThe tuM paNa mane. 420 ke sAhityadarzana

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prabhutA : jAo jAo; evuM bolazo nahi huM te tamane choDuM koI divasa. bipinacaMdra : to pachI kaMcananI bAbatamAM tuM kema AvuM viruddha valaNa rAkhatI thaI gaI che ? prabhutA : mArA bhAIne mATe sArI kanyA lAvI ApavAnI hoMza nA hoya ? bipinacaMdra : kaMcana karatAM zikSaNa saMskAra baMnemAM caDI jAya evI kanyA prabhutA : lAvyA chIe. kahuM ? nalinakAta : emane svapneya khayAla nahi hoya. prabhutA : kahuM? amitA! bipinacaMdra : (sAzcarya) amitA ?! mANekalAlanI dIkarI ? zI vAta karo cho ! prabhutA tyAre amitA maLatI hoya to kaMcana sAthe lagna koNa kare? tame ja kaho have ! bipinacaMdra : paNa amitA to... nalinakAnta : tamane kema Azcarya thAya che ? bipinacaMdra : mane eka nahi, be Azcarya thAya che, nalinakAnta ! amitAe tamAre mATe hA pADI e eka, ane tame amitA mATe hA pADo cho e bIjuM. tame phakta cAmaDIno raMga joIne ja AkarSAyA cho; paNa mANasano raMga nahi, hRdayano raMga jovo joIe. dehanA sauMdarya karatAM AtmAnA sauMdarya sAme jovuM joIe. nalinakAnta : e to philosopharonI vAta thaI. bipinacaMdra : nA, philosopharonI nahi, mArA tamArA jevAe samajavAnI jevI vAta che. nalinakAnta : to dehanuM sauMdarya sAcuM ja nahi? bipinacaMdra : AtmAnA sauMdarya vaDe e zobhatuM hoya to ja sAcuM, nahi to nahi. ekaluM dehasauMdarya bhrAmaka che, chetarAmaNuM che, caMcala che. yuvAnInA divasomAM thoDo samaya enuM AkarSaNa rahe che, jIvanabhara nahi. nalinakAnta : mane to ema nathI lAgatuM. bipinacaMdra : mATe ja ko'ka dI pastAzo. suMdara dekhAya che eTalAM badhAM phaLa kiMI svAdiSTa nathI hotAM. bahu ja suMdara ane AkarSaka phaLAhoya, tame hoMzehoMze e khAvA jAo, ane khabara paDe ke e jherI che, to? to tame e mAtra suMdara hovAne lIdhe khAzo? zyAma raMga samIpe 421

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nalinakAnta : A to phakta tarkayukta dalIla che. prabhutA ane e paNa sAcI nahi; kAraNa ke badhAM suMdara phaLa kaMI jherI nathI hotAM. bipinacaMdra : amitAnI bAbatamAM e dalIla sAcI che, nalinakAnta. enAmAM rUpa sivAya bIjuM kaMI nathI enI jyAre tamane khabara paDaze tyAre tame jiMdagIbhara pastAro ane mArA zabdo yAda karazo. nalinakAnta : mane evuM kaMI lAgatuM nathI. prabhutA haze, have. mUkIne paMcAta. eka to thAkIne AvyA che, ne temAM pAchI A mAthAkUTa. nalinakAnta : prabhutA, jA, bApujIne kahe. prabhutA : tame ja kahone. bipinacaMdra : mohanalAlanI sAthe zAnI maMtraNA cAle che ? prabhutA : emanI pAsenA pelA leNAnI. bipinacaMdra : hajI nathI patyuM! prabhutA H kyAM patAve che? keTalA mahinA thaI gayA! paNa Ama bIjI rIte e bahu kAmanA mANasa che, eTale bApujI paisA khAtara saMbaMdha bagADavA nathI mAgatA. have juo mukhya vAta pAchI rahI jaze. bApujI tamane lagnanuM pUche to hA pADI dejo, bahu rakajhaka karatA nahi. bipinacaMdra : kema ? haju to traNa varSanI vAra che. meM tane pahelethI ja kahyuM che ne? prabhutA : haze, paNa bApujI AgaLa hA e hA karajo ne. nakAmA e bolaze. ne pAchuM emane blaDaprezara che. (eTalAmAM lAlacaMda ane mohanalAla vAto karatA AvatA hovAno avAja saMbhaLAya che. tethI rasoDA tarapha jatAM, jatAM ane tame kAgaLa niyamita lakhajo, hoM! zuM kahyuM? [jAya che. lAlacaMda praveze che.] lAlacaMda : kema AvI gayA? kevA gayA pepara ? bipinacaMdra : hA jI; sArA gayA. lAlacaMda : have ? bipinacaMdra : solisiTara thavuM che. 422 : sAhityadarzana

Page #473
lAlacaMda : e to thavAze; paNa have lagnanuM zuM? A vaizAkhamAM kaho to - vaizAkhamAM, ne nahi to pachI AvatA mAgazaramAM. bipinacaMdra : mArA bApujIne pUchavuM joIe. lAlacaMda : emAM emane zuM pUchavAnuM ? tame je nakkI karo temAM e kaMI thoDA nA pADavAnA hatA ? tamAro potAno zo vicAra che ? bipinacaMdra : haju be-traNa varSa sudhI nahi. huM solisiTara thaI jAuM pachI. lAlacaMda : e to bahu lAMbI vAta thaI. amAre paNa amAro vicAra karavAno ne ? tame jANo cho ke have mArI tabiyata sArI rahetI nathI. bipinacaMdra : haM.. lAlacaMda : ane nalinanI bA paNa nathI. eTale mAro vicAra to baMne TANAM sAthe ja ukelI nAkhavAno che. evAmAM mohanalAla eka hAthamAM kAgaLa ane bIjA hAthamAM caramAM rAkhI kAgaLamAM jotAM jotAM praveze che.) bipinacaMdra : paNa Apa to haju nalinakAntanI pharI sagAI karavAno vicAra karo cho ! lAlacaMda : (AnaMdamAM AvI vAta karI tamane ? bipinacaMdra ha; paNa e bahu khoTuM karo cho. lAlacaMda : emAM khoTuM zuM? bipinacaMdra : kaMcana sAthe sagAI toDo cho te. eka bicArI garIba nirAdhAra chokarInI jiMdagI vinAkAraNa dhULamAM maLI jaze. lAlacaMda : emAM nA samajo tame. bipinacaMdra : paNa ATalAM varase tame sagAI toDo. mohanalAla : bIjA kayAM nathI toDatA ? bipinacaMdra : paNa te A rIte ? ATalAM varasa e ahIM AvatI-jatI rahI, nalinakAnta enI sAthe hayapharyA, ane have, atyAre enA bApa jIvatA nathI e dazAmAM mohanalAla : eka rIte tamAruM paoNinTa sAcuM che bipinacaMdra, paNa.... lAlacaMda : zuM dhULa sAcuM? bhaNelA mANasane Teko devAmAM bahu jokhama hoya che, mohanalAla ! mohanalAla : tamArI vAteya sAcI che, zeTha sAheba. paNa huM ema kaheto hato, ke samAsamAmAM paNa phera hoyane? zyAma raMga samIpe na 4ra3

Page #474
bipinacaMdra : sagAI toDIne Apa eka gaMbhIra anyAya karazo, zeTha sAheba ! lAlacaMda : A badhA nAtajAtanA vahevAramAM tame haju nA samajo. cAlo lyo. hAthapaga dhoI lyo. bUma mAre che) nalina ! (nalina praveza kare che) bipinacaMdrane hAthapaga dhovA laI jA. mohanalAlane) cAlo lyo mohanalAla. mohanalAla ne lAlacaMda rasoDA tarapha jAya che.) bipinacaMdra : (vyaMgathI) hAthapaga dhovAno ijAro phakta mahemAnono ja hoya che, nahi ? (nalina hase che, juo nalinakAnta, meM zuM kahyuM che te yAda che ne? tame sagAI toDazo te divasathI ApaNae nahi bane. ApaNA jevA juvAna mANaso samAjane dAkhalo nahi Ape to koNa Apaze ? (baMne jAya che.) paDado praveza bIjo sthiLa : e ja. samayaH eka varSa pachInI savAra. dIvAnakhAnAnuM thoDuM rAcaracIluM khaseDI vacce eka gAdI pAtharI che. tenA para takiye aDhelIne nalinakAnta beThelo che. suMdara vastromAM sajja thayelI prabhutA hAthamAM kemerA laI nalinakAnta sAme rAkhI AghIpAchI thAya che ane pachI eka jagyAe sthira thAya che.] prabhutA : (hAthamAMnA kemerAmAM joI nalinakAntane) jarAka A bAju pharo; basa... reDI! yazavaMta : pravezIne) oho prabhutA, phoTo pADo cho ? pADo. pADo. Aje to tamAre bhAInI sagAInA AnaMdano divasa che. prabhutA : hAsto. nalinakAnta : kema yazavaMta ! yazavaMta : huM jarA vahelo Avyo, kaMI kAmakAja hoya to.... nalinakAnta : kAmakAja to bIjuM zuM ? prabhutA : (hasatAM) A phoTo pADavAnuM ! 424 sAhityadarzana

Page #475
yazavaMta : lAvo prabhutA, eka phoTo maneya pADavA do. (kaeNmerA le che ane nalinakAntane UbhA rahevAnuM sUcave che. nalinakAnta ane prabhutA hase che te joI) kema, haso cho kema ? nalinakAnta : kema, te kaeNmerAmAM philma nathI. yazavaMta : philma nathI ? tyAre...? nalinakAnta : e to jarA pojhanI prekTisa karatI hatI. philma levA mokalyo che nokarane. lAlacaMda : khamIsa 52 koTa paheratAM paheratAM, eka khaMDamAMthI pravezI bIjA khaMDamAM jatAM jatAM, khUba kAmamAM hoya tema) mArI kAzmIrI TopI kADhI che ne prabhutA ? prabhutA : hA, bApujI ! lAlacaMda : (nalinakAntane) ne teM pachI bipinacaMdrane kahevaDAvI dIdhuM che ne ? nalinakAnta : huM jAte ja jaI Avyo. lAlacaMda : kaMI bolyA hatA ? nalinakAnta : nA; paNa emane bahu gamyuM hoya ema lAgyuM nahi. lAlacaMda : AvavAnI to hA pADI che ne ? nalinakAnta : hA. lAlacaMda : basa, tyAre. [bIjA khaMDamAM jAya che.] yazavaMta : (kutUhalapUrvaka) kema bipinacaMdra AvavAnI nA pADatA hatA ? nalinakAnta H sagAI toDI e emane gamyuM nathI. yazavaMta H sagAI ne lagnanAM kAma ja evAM. koIka ne koIka vighna AvyA ja kare. prabhutA : (hasatAM) mATe ja tame sagAI karatAM gabharAo cho, kharuM ne ? yazavaMta : huM to mAnuM chuM ke cUpacApa lagna karIne pachI ja jAhera karavuM, eTale koI vighna nAkhavA Ave ja nahi. prabhutA : evI rIte lagna karavAnI vAta to karo cho, paNa tamArA kAkAne jarA pUchI jojo. nalinakAnta : to to hADakAM ja khokharAM thAya ! yazavaMta : ane have to saMmatithI sagAI thaI gayA pachI paNa kayAM salAmatI zyAma raMga samIpe 425

Page #476
hoya che? lagna thAya tyAre ja sAcAM. juo ne nalinakAnta, tame paNa sagAI toDI ne ? prabhutA : (bacAva karatAM temAM khoTuM zuM karyuM che ? na gamatuM hoya to corImAMthI paNa UbhA thaI javuM paDe. yazavaMta : huM e ja kahuM chuM ne ke, sagAInI kazI ja kimata nathI. bhalene sagAI thAya, chokaro ne chokarI sAthe harephare, nATaka sinemA jue ne chatAM na phAve to bemAMthI eka bIje paraNI ye bese ! prabhutA : ema pachIthI bevaphA thavA karatAM hiMmata karI bIje paraNI javuM vadhAre sAruM. lAlacaMda : pravezIne ciDAIne) A bhaNelAMnuM duHkha ja A; kAma thoDuM ne vAta jhAjhI. prabhutA : bApujI, Aja sArA divase tame ciDAva nA. DaoNkTare tamane zI salAha ApI che ? lAlacaMda : paNa tame karo evuM te ? A kemerA laIne besIgayAM gappAM mAravA; ane nokarane mokalyo philma levA. paNa ema khabara che ke gharamAM keTaluM kAma paDyuM che ? nAstAnI Dizo koNa bharavAnuM hatuM ? kaMkucokhA ne goLadhANA taiyAra karyA? haju to A badhuM khaseDI jAjama pAtharavAnI bAkI che. elA yazavaMta. tuM jAjama leto Avyo che, ke khAlI hAthe ? yazavaMta : oho ! sorI. mArA kAkAe kaheluM kharuM, paNa mane yAda na rahyuM. lAlacaMda : basa sorI ne sorAM. pachI kaheze ke gusse thAya che. AjanA javAniyAne kAma karavAmAM ja nAnama. yazavaMta : nAnama nathI kAkA, A laI AvuM. lAlacaMda : have rahevA de; mokalazuM nokarane. mohanalAla : pravezIne kyAM mokalavo che ? lAlacaMda : A jAjama mATe sto. TAima thavA Avyo ane ahIM haju kazAM ThekANAM nathI. mohanalAla : kazo vAMdho nahi juo jAjama huM sAthe ja leto Avyo chuM. lAvo, have zuM zuM bAkI che ? yazavaMta, nalina, tame A khurazIo aMdara laI jAo. prabhutA, tuM goLa dhANAnI taiyArI kara. yazavaMta, nalina, prabhutA jAya che. mohanalAlano nokara 426 ra sAhityadarzana

Page #477
AvI jAjama pAtharI jAya che. lAlacaMda ane mohanalAla gAdI para eka bAju besI jAya che.]. mohanalAla. : (bIDI saLagAvatAM) kema, bipinacaMdra haju nathI AvyA? lAlacaMda : kahevaDAvyuM che eTale AvyA vinA to nahi rahe, paNa. mohanalAla : kema, kaMI vAMdho pADIne beThA che? lAlacaMda : bIjuM zuM tyAre vaLI ? mohanalAla zeTha sAheba, A badhuM tame sahana karo. bIjuM koI hoya to mUke paDato ! jamAI thayo eTale zuM thaI gayuM ? lAlacaMda : huM ye sahana nA karuM; paNa A chokarInA hisAbesto. eka to enI mA nathI. ane temAM vaLI huM ADuMavaLuM bolI besuM, to aMte to ene ja bIcArIne duHkhI thavAnuM ne ! mohanalAla : nahi to vaLI bahu moTuM sukha ApI devAnA hatA ! lAlacaMda : nA, nA; Ama to bipinacaMdra hoziyAra ane samajadAra che, paNa A eka pUMchaDuM pakaDyuM che te koNa jANe choDatA ja nathI. mohanalAla : e to tame jema vadhAre namatuM mUkatA jazo tema vadhAre the caDI besaze. mAruM kahyuM mAno to eka vakhata sAva laTakatA ja mUkI do ne, eTale Avaze enI meLe ThekANe. prabhutA. : (jhaDapathI pravezI) bApujI, badhA AvatA lAge che. lAlacaMda : to bolAva nalinane, zuM kare che tyAM beTho beTho ? prabhutA jAya che.. mohanalAla : juo zeTha sAheba, bIjA badhA Ave te pahelAM muddAnI vAta karI lauM. A bipinacaMdra Ave ne kaMI dhamAla kare, na bolavAnuM bolI bese, to Aje sahana karI nA letA, samajyA! jamAI UThIne badhAMnI vacce sasarAnuM nAka kApI jAya e mArAthI devuM nahi khamAya. tamArAthI nA bolAya ema hoya to mane rajA Apo; huM ja ene - lAlacaMda : jAva, tamane ja badhI chUTa ApI. mArI jIbha ekadama kadAca na UpaDe. mohanalAla : paNa huM pArako mANasa kahuM ne tame kaho emAM phera paDe. mATe bolajo to tame ja. jarUra paDye huM Teko ApIza. lAlacaMda : tamArI hiMmatanA jore to A sagAI toDI, nahi to vaLI. zyAma raMga samIpe ka 427

Page #478
(nalina, prabhutA, yazavaMta praveze che) jo nalina, have AghopAcho thayA vinA sIdho besI jA gAdI para. ane prabhutA, bahu phoTA pADapADa nathI karavAnA. prabhutA : paNa bApujI, tame zuM kAma ciDAIne bolabola karo cho ? mohanalAla : haze bahena. zeTha sAheba ! tame paNa zAMti rAkho ne.hA pachI e lokoe amitAne sAthe lAvavAnuM mAnyuM che ne ? lAlacaMda na mAne to jAya kyAM? pahelAM to jANe kahyuM ke kanyA muratiyAne cAMllo kare ane phUlahAra paherAve evo navo rivAja amane pasaMda nathI. pachI bahu kahyuM tyAre kahe ke amane vAMdho nathI, paNa chokarI nA pADe che. mohanalAla : pachI ? lAlacaMda : pachI ame to moDhuM kaTANuM karI UThavA mAMDyuM tyAre kahe "sAruM Avaze". prabhutA, jA jo to bArIethI, badhA AvI pahoMcyA ? prabhutA (AvIne) hA, bApujI. (pharI pAchI tyAM jAya che. nalinakAnta, yazavaMta, lAlacaMda, mohanalAla svastha thAya che.) [sAta-ATha mANaso praveze ne caMpala-bUTa kADhI jAjama para besatA jAya che. pAchaLa amitA ane traNa-cAra nAnI moTI chokarIo praveze che. temanI sAthe prabhutA paNa Ave che. chelle "svasti' svasti' bolatA gora mahArAja praveze che. lAlacaMda ane mohanalAla UbhA thaI saune AvakAra Ape che. thoDI vAra zAMti prasare che.] pahelo mANasa : (mohanalAla tarapha saheja hAtha karI) A ?... emane nA oLakhyA. lAlacaMda : A..? A mohanalAla zeTha. mArA bhAgIghara. pahelo mANasa : (mAthuM namAvI) ThIka. bIjo mANasa : yazavaMta sAme AgaMLI karI, A beThA che e konA ciraMjIvI ? mohanalAla : mAro dIkaro che. trIjo mANasa : zuM nAma ? mohanalAla : yazavaMta cotho mANasa : kema bipinacaMdra dekhAtA nathI ? lAlacaMda : have AvavA joIe. mANekalAla : tyAM sudhI, goramahArAja, badhAne kaMkunA cAMllA to karo. 428 ka sAhityadarzana

Page #479
gora mahArAja H keTalA, nava vAgI gayA ? be-traNa mANaso : hA hA, nava vAgI gayA. zarU karo mahArAja. (gora mahArAja kaMku ane cokhAnI thALI laI OM 'svasti' OMOM svasti' bolatAM saune cAMllA kare che.) mANekalAla : (thoDI vAre) zuM bipinacaMdranI rAha jovI che ? lAlacaMda : thoDI joIe to sAruM. pahelo mANasa : cAlu karI do ne, e to AvI pahoMcaze. bIjo mANasa H (hasatAM) barAbara nAstA vakhate ! (keTalAka hase che.) mANekalAla H to cAlu karI daIe zeTha ? : mohanalAla : (lAlacaMda zeThanA kAnamAM vAta karIne) hA hA, karI do zarU. mANekalAla : mahArAja, tyAre karo cAlu. gora mahArAja : (vaccethI bahAra AvatAM UMce sAde bolavAnuM zarU kare che) bharatakSetre, gurjaradeze, amadAvAda zahere, vaNika jJAtisu, (eka jaNane) jarA AghA khaso maherabAna, vaNika jJAtisu, zrImAna zeTha zrI. pUjAlAla, tasya putra ratilAla, tasya putra pelI thALImAMthI cokhA Apajo jarA tasya putra mANekalAla, tasya putrI-bahenanuM nAma zuM ? lalitA ? zuM amitA ? hAM - tasya putrI amitA, tasyAH bharatakSetre, saurASTra deze, vaDhavANa zahere, vaNika gAtisu, zrImAna zeTha zrI saubhAgyacaMda, tasya putra - bahena jarA goLadhANA Apajo tasya putra umedacaMda, tasya putra tasya putra zeTha zrI lAlacaMda, tasya putra zuM bhAInuM nAma ? nalinakAnta ? hAM, nalinakAnta, tasya saha vAgnAna vidhi kriyate. tasya... vAgmAna... vidhi... kriyate ! bolo zeThiyAo, maMjUra che ? [lAlacaMda ane mANekalAla DokuM dhuNAvI hA kahe che. gora nalinakAntane kapALe cAMllo kare che. pachI amitA nalinakAntane cAMllo karI hAra paherAve che. prabhutA phoTo pADavAnI taiyArI kare che.] - prabhutA : amitA, phoTo pADuM eTalI vAra UbhI raheje. (amitA pAchI vaLavA jAya che tene) are nAse che kyAM ? phoTo to pADavA de... mahArAja tame tyAMthI khasI jAva... ne bhAI, moM jarA UMcuM karo, ne A bAju juo. amitA hasa ne ! Ama gaMbhIra moM rAkhIne zyAma raMga samIpe 429

Page #480
zuM UbhI che? reDI... amitA, hasatI kema nathI ? lAlacaMda : have pADI lone jevo paDe tevo. prabhutA : hiM, basa... reDI.... cAMpa dabAve che.J. yazavaMta prabhutAnA hAthamAMthI kemero laI) lAvo, ekabe pheya badhAnA mane pADavA do. prabhutA paNa naMbara to pheravavA do. yazavaMta : e to huM pheravI laIza. yazavaMta capacapa phoTo pADe che. gora : goLadhANA AvI gayA badhAMne ? lAlacaMda : prabhutA, jAo have; cA-nAsto lAvavA mAMDo. mohanalAla tuM paNa jA, yazavaMta. pribhutA, yazavaMta vagere nAstAnI rakAbIo lAve che. keTalAka khAvAnuM cAlu kare che, bipinacaMdra praveze che.) lAlacaMda : Avo bipinacaMdra, Avo, A bAju. bipinacaMdra : nA, ahIM ja ThIka che. bese che.] pahelo mANasa : (kaTAkSamAM) ThIka thaImasara AvI pahoMcyA ! lAlacaMda : elA, nAsto lAvo bipinacaMdra mATe. ne mahArAja, goLadhANA Apo emane. mohanalAla : kema AvatAM vAra lAgI? bipinacaMdra : huM to nahoto ja AvavAno; paNa pachI thayuM ke mAre javuM to kharuM ja. mohanalAla : AvavuM to joIe ne vaLI ! gora : (bipinacaMdrane kaMkuno cAMllo karavA jatAM) moM UMcuM karo sAheba ! bipinacaMdra : mAre nathI karavo cAMllo. gora mahArAja : are, e zuM bolyA sAheba ? zukanamAM nA paDAya nahi. mohanalAla : rahevA do mahArAja, emane nahi gamato hoya. gora mahArAja : sAruM, goLa-dhANA to lyo. bipinacaMdra : e paNa mAre nathI khAvA 4jI sAhityadarzana

Page #481
gora mahArAja : are Ama kema karo cho sAheba ? (lAlacaMdane) are zeThajI, sAheba to goLa-dhANA levAnI paNa nA pADe che. mohanalAla : rahevA do mahArAja; emane nahi bhAvatA hoya. noka2 : (bipinacaMdra nAsto levAnI nA pADatAM) A to nAsto levAnI paNa nA pADe che. mohanalAla lAlacaMdane izAro kare che.] lAlacaMda : UMcA sAde) kema, paNa kaMI kAraNa ? bipinacaMdra : kAraNa mAro virodha. lAlacaMda : (ekadama ugra thaI) zeno virodha ? prasaMge risAtAM jarA zaramAva, zaramAva have. bipinacaMdra : (zAMtithI) kaMcana sAthe sagAI toDI e sAme mAro virodha che, ane e virodha batAvavA ja atyAre ahIM Avyo chuM. mANekalAla : (vacce) emAM tamane zuM ? bipinacaMdra : mane A sagAI maMjUra nathI. mANekalAla : (ugra thaI) to cAlatA thAva. pahelo mANasa : maMjUra nA hoya to AvyA cho zuM kAma ? bipinacaMdra : keMcana sAthenI sagAI toDIne lAlacaMda zeThe je moTo anyAya karyo che tenI chaDecoka jAherAta karavA. lAlacaMda : (ugratAthI) anyAya zeno ? daMDanA paisA bharI dIdhA che rokaDa. jarA vicAra karIne pachI bolo bipinacaMdra ! prabhutA : (vInavatI) bApujI, tame gusse nA thAva ne; tamane DaoNkTare... lAlacaMda : besa tuM vacce DAhI thayA vagara. prabhutA : (bipinacaMdrane) tame paNa zuM kAma bolo cho ? mArA sama jo kaMI... bipicaMdra : (UbhA thIne) A badhuM khoTuM thAya che, lAlacaMda zeTha. paisAne jore eka garIba chokarIno bhava bagADyo che tame. [lAlacaMda zeTha UbhA thaI jAya che. enI sAthe bIjA pAMca-cha mANaso UbhA thaI jAya che.] lAlacaMda : (atizaya ugra thaIne) temAM tamArA bApanuM zuM gayuM ? besI jAo, chAnAmAnA, DahApaNa karyA vagara... gora mahArAja : sAntam pApam. [eka-be mANasa bipinacaMdrane samajAvavAno prayatna kare che, eka-be lAlacaMda zeThane.] zyAma raMga samIpe 431

Page #482
mANekalAla nahi to cAlatI pakaDo ! prabhutA : paNa bApujI tame gusse nA thAva, tamane blaDaprezara vadhI.. lAlacaMda : besa besa tuM chAnImAnI ! bipinacaMdra : haju kahuM chuM lAlacaMda zeTha, A sagAI rahevA do, ane kaMcana sAthe.... gora mahArAja H have A janamamAM nA tUTe. cAMllA thaI gayA. mANekalAla : lAlacaMda zeTha, A tamArA jamAIne kaMI kaho, nahi to pachI. lAlacaMda : e bhalene babaDATa kare, zeTha! ghaDIka phaphaDIne rahI jaze; e to UMTa gAMgaratAM ja palANIe !" bipinacaMdra : (zAMtithI) ema ? to juo, prabhutA sAthenI mArI sagAI huM toDI nAkhuM chuM. lAlacaMda : hai? zuM kahyuM?! prabhutA : heM ?!! bipinacaMdra : prabhutA sAthenI mArI sagAI paNa huM pote toDI nAkhuM chuM. gora mahArAja : sAntam pApam ! sAntam pApam ! prabhutA : (bebAkaLI banI) paNa emAM mAre zuM ? eya, tame paNa zuM AvuM karo cho ? lAlacaMda : beso beso have. tame koNa sagAI toDanArA, tamArA bApa beThA che tyAM sudhI. bipinacaMdra : mArA bApujIne pUchavAnI mAre kaMI jarUra nathI. huM ja sagAI toDI nAkhuM chuM. lAlacaMda : are, ema sagAI toDatAM to sAtapAMca thaze, samajyA ? mohanalAla : (vacce paDI) sagAI toDe to bhalene toDe. kAnamAM kaMIka kahe che.] lAlacaMda : sagAI toDIne badhAMnI vacce mArI AbarU bagADavA nIkaLyA cho ? to bhale jAva toDI ! ekabe mANaso samajAve che.) prabhutA : nalinakAnta : are, bApujI, tame! bipinacaMdra : jatAM jatAM) AjathI A ghara sAtheno mAro saMbaMdha pUro thAya che. jarUra ja sAhityadarzana

Page #483
lAlacaMda : hA hA, pUro thayo ! jAva, hajAra vAra pUro thayo. TaLo have. tamane ema ke mArI prabhutAne bIjo muratiyo nahi maLe. to to khAMDa khAo cho; paNa yAda rAkhajo ke nyAyatamAMthI bIjI kanyA tamane maLavA dauM to... bipinacaMdra tarata nIkaLI jAya che. prabhutA raDatIraDatI tenI pAchaLa jAya che tene lAlacaMda zeTha roke che, eTale te eka khUNAmAM besI rahe che. bIjA mahemAno dhImedhIme besavA lAge che.] lAlacaMda : parasevo lUchI pavana khAtAM khAtAM) bApanI AbarU bagADavA beTho che, AbarU! mANekalAla : bahu bhaNyo eTale chakI gayo ! mohanalAla : mUko have e paMcAta ! (zAMti prasare che. keTalAka nAsto cAlu kare che. mohanalAla UbhA thAya che.) have juo jANe, zeThiyAo, A bipinacaMdra to sagAI toDI, paNa ApaNe lAlacaMda zeThanI AbarU jarAye bagaDavA nathI devAnI. traNa-cAra mANaso : hA.... hA. mohanalAla : gora mahArAja ahIM che ane mahAjana paNa ahIM che, eTale tamArA badhAnI vacce jAhera karuM chuM ke mArA dIkarA yazavaMtanuM sagapaNa prabhutA joDe karavAnI huM hA pADuM chuM. gora mahArAja : jIvatA raho zeThiyAva! prabhutA : (saphALI UbhI thaI nA bApujI, e kadI nahi bane ! huM emane samajAvI laIza. lAlacaMda : tuM besa have; e samaje ja nahi ne ! joyuM nahi, kevo bhavADo karato gayo? prabhutA raDatIraDatI bIjA khaMDamAM cAlI jAya che. yazavaMta praveze che.] eka juvAna : yazavaMta, abhinaMdana! yazavaMta : zAnA? pahelo mANasa : zAnA zuM? khavaDAvo peMDA ! A tamArI sagAInuM nakkI karyuM ne. yazavaMta : (samajyA vagara, gabharAIne) huM kAkA? (vadhAre asvastha thaIne) paNa mane pUchyA vagara ? mAre.. mohanalAla : ghAMTo pADI) besabesa have ! zyAma raMga samIpe na 433

Page #484
yazavaMta : paNa kAkA mAre... mohanalAla : chAnomAno besa, DAhyalA ! pahelo mANasa : yazavaMtabhAI, ema bAvarA zuM banI jAo cho ? mohanalAla : mahArAja, have sArI tithi joI lAlacaMda zeThane cAMllAnuM kahevaDAvajo. gora mahArAja : jevI zeThasAhebanI marajI nilinakAnta gabharAmaNa thavAthI paDI jAya che.] eka mANasa : are ! A nalinakAntane zuM thayuM, juo to - [badhAM tenI AsapAsa ToLe vaLe che. lAlacaMda zeTha gabharAvA lAge che. mohanalAla H (lAlacaMdane) hiMmata rAkho zeThajI, kazuM nathI. saheja gabharAmaNa thaI lAge che. bAju khaso jarA, ne pavana AvavA do. yazavaMta, jA, DaoNkTarane bolAvI lAva jaladI. mANekalAla : amitA, tuM zuM kAma raDe che ? raDa nahi dIkarI, jo emane hamaNAM sAruM thaze. gora mahArAja H sAntam pApam, sAntam pApam ! [paDado] praveza trIjo [sthaLa H e ja. samaya : bIjA praveza pachI varaseka pachInI sAMja. prabhutA beThI beThI pustaka vAMcatI hoya che, eTalAmAM nalinakAnta gamagIna cahere praveze che; ane koTa, TAi, bUTa utAratAM -] nalinakAnta : kahe na kahe prabhutA, paNa A mohanalAlano ApaNA uparano bhAva divase divase ocho ja thato jAya che. prabhutA : kema bhAI ? nalinakAnta : moDhuM hasatuM rAkhI DAhIDAhI vAto kare che eTaluM ja. bAkI manamAM to ApaNI jaDa kADhavAnA ja peMtarA race che. prabhutA : nA nA, bhAI; ema nA hoya. : nalinakAnta : evuM hota to AvA raMga na hota. bApujI gujarI gayAne vIsa divaseya haju nathI thayA tyAM to dhaMdhAmAM khoTanI vAto karavA mAMDI che ne bhAgIdArI kADhI nAkhavAnI vAta vahetI mUkI che. Avate mahinethI to kadAca mAre bAMdhelo pagAra ja upADavAno raheze. 434 : sAhityadarzana

Page #485
prabhutA : nA hoya ! mAnyAmAM nathI AvatuM. nalinakAnta : moDhe ATalI badhI mIThAza rAkhe pachI kyAMthI Ave ? ema to roja karatAM Aje mane bahu ja sArI rIte bolAvyo hato ne kaMI muzkelI hoya to kahevAnuM kahyuM hatuM. vaLI Aje to atyAre sIdhA ophisethI ApaNA ghera Avaze ema paNa kahyuM che. prabhutA : atyAre AvavAnA che? nalinakAnta : hA; kahyuM ke mAre tamArI sAthe thoDI aMgata vAta karavAnI che. prabhutA : zI aMgata vAta haze? nalinakAnta : koNa jANe ! mane to emanA para evo gusso caDe che ! AvavuM hoya to Ave ne je kahevuM hoya te kahIne cAlatA thaI jAya. huM to eka akSare bolavAno nathI. mANasa taddana svArthI ane khaTapaTI che. prabhutA : ema utAvaLe abhiprAya zuM kAma bAMdhI devo joIe ? nalinakAnta : hajI tArA mAnyAmAM nathI AvatuM ? kAle ja meM nahotuM kahyuM ke loko kevI vAto kare che te? ane ApaNA para kevA nanAmA kAgaLa Ave che ! loko to kahe che ke yazavaMtane Indora nAsI javAnA paisA khuda mohanalAla zeThe potAnA khissAmAMthI kADhIne ApyA hatA. ane Aje have khabara paDe ke mohanalAle bApujI AgaLa cokhkhI zarata mUkI hatI! prabhutA : ke? nalinakAnta : ke leNAnI mAMDavALa karo to ja yazavaMtane lagna karavA huM bhArapUrvaka samajAvuM. prabhutA : zI vAta karo cho, bhAI? tamane A badhuM kahyuM koNe? nalinakAnta : ophisanA mANase; tethI ja bApujInI tabiyata chelle chelle lathaDI gaI ne? prabhutA : ema? prabhutA : nahi tyAre ? ophisanA badhA copaDA ane phAilo tALAkUcImAM rAkhe che ane mane to aDavA paNa nathI detA. prabhutA : e to tame kahyuM hatuM. nalinakAnta : hA, paNa enuM kAraNa khabara che? je divase bApujI gujarI gayA te divase mohanalAla smazAnamAM keTaluM badhuM raDyA hatA ? ane pachI ApaNe tyAM AvIne paNa keTaluM badhuM raDyA hatA? zyAma raMga samIpe 435

Page #486
prabhutA : hA; ane badhA cAlyA gayA tyAre chevaTe sudhI e ja besI rahyA hatA. nalinakAnta : ane ahIMthI sIdhA kyAM gayA hatA ? khabara che? ophise ! ane AkhI rAta pote ekalA tyAM besIne ApaNA lAbhanAM badhAM kAgaLiyAM phADIne bALI nAkhyAM hatAM ! prabhutA : zI vAta karo cho, bhAI? nalinakAnta : tyAre nahi ? A be divasathI je badhuM ApaNe sAMbhaLIe chIe te parathI to lAge che ke bApujInI jiMdagI barabAda karanAra e mohanalAla ja che. ApaNe enA vizvAse rahyA ane e ApaNuM gaLuM kApatA rahyA. prabhutA : ne ApaNane khabara paNa na paDI ! nalinakAnta : mAruM to ThIka; huM to game tyAM paraNIza, ane nahi paraNe toya zuM? paNa babbe vAra vivAha tUTyA pachI have tAro hAtha. koNa jhAlaze ? have bA nathI, bApujI nathI - prabhutA : paisA nathI ne pratiSThA paNa nathI. pastAtAM, mane lAge che ke bhAI, tamArA vivAha phoka na karyA hota to sAruM thAta. nalinakAnta : kharI vAta che. jiMdagImAM e eka gaMbhIramAM gaMbhIra bhUla karI prabhutA : bhUla tamArI nahi, paNa mArI.. nalinakAnta bhUla mArI. amitAne joIne kaMcanane huM bhUlI gayo. prabhutA : nA, mArI bhUla. amitA sAthe tamane paraNAvavAnI mane ja bahu hoMza hatI. nalinakAnta : ne aMte amitA kevI nIkaLI ! prabhutA : yazavaMta sAthe nAsI gaI ! nalinakAnta : mane amitA para vahema to Avyo hato ja, kAraNa ke e jenI tenI sAthe pharavA ne sinemA jovA jatI. paNa Ama nAsI jaze evI to kalpanA ja nahotI. prabhutA H ne teya yazavaMta sAthe ! amitA sAthenI tamArI sagAIno phoTo eNe zA mATe hAthe karI bagADI nAkhelo te have samajAya che. nalinakAnta : sAcuM kahuM to amitAnA rUpamAM huM phasAyo enuM ja A pariNAma AvyuM. bipinacaMdra sAcuM kahetA hatA ke.. 436 - sAhityadarzana

Page #487
prabhutA : kaMcana bhale kALI rahI, paNa amitA karatAM lAkha daraje sArI nalinakAnta : paNa have A badhuM DahApaNa zA kAmanuM? mane to lAge che ke kacananI AMtaraDI kakaLAvI enAM A phaLa cAkhavAnAM AvyAM. prabhutA : tamAre ekalAne nahi - tamAre, mAre ne bApujIne - badhAMne. nalinakAnta : ne kaMcananuM nasIba to juo. ApaNe ene paDatI mUkI to bipinacaMdra ene apanAvI lIdhI ! emano e Atmabhoga jevotevo na kahevAya. prabhutA hAsto, nahi to mane choDIne kaMcanane paraNavA taiyAra thavAmAM emane vaLI kayo svArtha hato ? nalinakAnta : ApaNe kaMcanano bhava bagADI beThAM e emaNe sudhArI lIdho. prabhutA : kharekhara kaMcanane nyAtamAM sArAmAM sAro chokaro Aje to maLI gayo. nalinakAnta H bipinacaMdra solisiTara paNa thaI gayA ane A akhAtrIje to emanAM lagna paNa thavAnAM sAMbhaLyAM che. prabhutA : nahi to A akhAtrIje emanI sAthe mArAM lagna hota. nalinakAnta : vidhinI kevI vicitratA! prabhutA : vivicatA te kevI? - ke emanA lagnamAM javAnI ApaNane kaMkotrI paNa nahi. nalinakAnta : have zuM kAma mokalAve? pachIthI emaNe ApaNI sAthe saMbaMdha ja toDI... prabhutA : paNa emAM to bhAI, tamArI bhUla che. tame emane rastAmAM maLe to bolAvavAnuM paNa baMdha karyuM, pachI saMbaMdha kyAMthI rAkhe ApaNI sAthe ?? (ghaMTaDI vAge che.] nalinakAnta : mohanalAla AvyA lAge che. huM to enI sAthe eka akSare bolavAno nathI. prabhutA : hA, paNa bAraNuM ughADavA to jAva. nalinakAnta : te ye huM nathI javAno; tuM jA tAre javuM hoya to. prabhutA : to huM ye nathI jatI. nalinakAnta : to besa. thAkIne jaze pAchA. [pharI ghaMTaDI vAge che.) zyAma raMga samIpe na 437

Page #488
prabhutA : tame jAva ne bhAI, nahi to keTaluM kharAba lAgaze ? nalinakAnta : tAre javuM hoya to jA. huM to A copaDImAM mAthuM ghAlIne beTho. copaDI le che.] pribhutA bAraNuM ughADe che tyAM bipinacaMdra praveze che. prabhutA mUgI mUgI pAchI pharI jAya che.] bipinacaMdra : (bAraNAmAMthI) huM AvI zakuM chuM? koI javAba ApatuM nathI. bipinacaMdra pharIthI pUche che) huM AvI zakuM ke ? [chatAM nalinakAnta mUgo ja rahe che.] prabhutA : thoDI vAre) Avo. bipinacaMdra : (aMdara AvIne) mApha karajo nalinakAnta, paNa atyAre tamane takalIpha ApavA Avyo chuM. thoDI vAra aTakI jAya che, kAraNa ke nalinakAnta kazuM ja bolato nathI.) kema nalinakAnta, mArI sAthe saMbaMdha sAva kApI nAkhyo che ke zuM? prabhutA : nA, ema nA mAnazo. bhAI Aje mUDamAM nathI. tamane khabara nathI ke amAre mAthe kevI kevI Apatti AvI paDI che. bipinacaMdra H huM tamane baMnene eka khAsa kAme maLavA Avyo chuM. e prabhutA : huM nalinakAnta : bipinacaMdra : tame jANatA hazo ja ke A akhAtrIje. nalinakAnta : (gusse thaIne) eTale dAjhayA upara DAma devA AvyA cho ? tamane zuM khabara nathI ke amArA bApujI gujarI gaye haju thoDA divasa paNa thayA nathI ? ne... bipinacaMdra : (vacce) nalinakAnta, gusse na thAo; jarA zAMtithI mArI vAta sAMbhaLo. prabhutA : bhAI, emane je kahevuM hoya te kahevA do ne ! bipinacaMdra : nalinakAnta ema na mAnazo ke kaMcana sAthe huM lagna karavA taiyAra thayo te tamane dAkyA upara DAma devA mATe. huM jo taiyAra na thayo hota to kaMcanane kAM to enI mAe chappana varSanA eka vidhura sAthe paraNAvI dIdhI hota, ane kAM to kaMcane pote ja potAnA dehano aMta ANyo hota 438 ja sAhityadarzana

Page #489
nalinakAnta : ema? bipinacaMdra H hA; ane lAlacaMda zeTha zA kAraNe gujarI gayA e to tame jANo cho ne ? prabhutA : amitA yazavaMta sAthe nAsI gaI eno AghAta lAgavAthI. bipinacaMdra : ane e baMnene nasADanAra mohanalAla che e paNa tame jANyuM haze. prabhutA : bhAIe AvIne hamaNAM e ja vAta karI. kharekhara, ame to khUba pastAyAM chIe. bipinacaMdra : ane kaMcana na hota to tamAre haju vadhAre pastAvAno vakhata Avata enI tamane khabara che? nalinakAnta prabhutA : zuM ? zuM ? bipinacaMdra : thoDA divasa pahelAM tamArA para eka nanAmo patra Avyo hato ne ? nalinakAnta : hA.. prabhutA : mohanalAlane ghera na javA mATe jemAM amane lakhyuM hatuM te ? bipinacaMdra : hA. kacane ja e lakhAvyo hato. kaMcanane khabara paDI gaI hatI ke mohanalAle tamane baMnene zA mATe bolAvyAM hatAM. nalinakAnta : zA mATe? bipinacaMdra tamane baMnene judI judI rIte sapaDAvavAnuM kAvataruM eNe karyuM hatuM, ne mohanalAlanI najara, prabhutA, tamArA para bagaDI hatI! prabhutA H ema? to to kaMcane kharekhara amArA upara moTo upakAra karyo! nalinakAnta : ne te paNa ame tarachoDyA chatAM ! kharekhara kaMcana te kaMcana ja che. ame ene tarachoDI e moTI bhUla karI. bipinacaMdra ema kharekhara lAge che ? to atyAre huM e mATe je Avyo chuM. tamane jo pazcAttApa thato hoya to huM kaMcanane soMpavA ja Avyo chuM. kaMcanano bhava na bagaDavA devA mATe tene apanAvavA huM taiyAra thayo, e upakAranA bojA nIce e lagna karavA taiyAra to thaI hatI, paNa hRdayamAM to tamAre mATe jhaMkhanA hatI; eTale chello nirNaya karatAM pahelAM huM pUchavA Avyo chuM. bolo, svIkArazo ne ? zyAma raMga samIpe 439

Page #490
nalinakAnta : hA jarUra. prabhutA : jarUra vaLI; ane bipinacaMdra : UbhAM raho huM kaMcanane ja bolAvuM; bahAra UbhI che. kicanane bolAvI lAve che. prabhutA kacanane vaLagI paDe che.] prabhutA : (umaMgathI) ane huM paNa have tamane choDavAnI nathI. bipinacaMdra : paNa to yazavaMtanuM zuM ? e pAcho Ave to ! prabhutA : pAcho Ave ja nahi. ne Ave to paNa mAre enuM moM sudhdhAM jovuM nathI. mAre to basa, have tame ja "giridhara gopAla !" bipinacaMdra : (hasatAM) to jevI tamArI - tArI marajI. prabhutA : (umaMgathI to UbhA raho. tamArA moMmAM sAkara ! [doDatI jAya che.] nalinakAna : tame, bipinacaMdra, khare ja amArA svajananuM kAma karyuM che. tamArI vAta sAcI hatI. amitAnA rUpamAM caLIne kaMcanane meM cheha dIdho hato. evAmAM prabhutA khAMDano mUThe bharI lAve che ane badhAMne Ape che.] bipinacaMdra : are A to kevI sAkara ! prabhutA : (hasIne) sAkarane badale khAMDa. gaLyuM moTuM karI ne, eTale basa. nalinakAnta : yazavaMta pAcho AvavAno che evuM gamuM koNe uDAvyuM? bipinacaMdra : gapyuM nathI, sAcuM che. mohanalAla zeThe tamane vAta karI lAgatI nathI. nalinakAnta : nA. bipinacaMdra : to sAMjanuM chApuM che ? prabhutA : vAta chApe caDI che ? eTaluM badhuM zuM che ? UbhA raho, huM bAjumAMthI laI AvuM. bipinacaMdra : vAta sAMbhaLIne pachI jA. juo amitAnA rUpa pAchaLa eka nahi paNa traNa jaNa paDyA hatAlalita, candravadana ne yazavaMta. ane amitA potAnA rUpanA badalAmAM lalitanI moTara, candravadananI dukAnanA jyorjeTa tathA banArasI zelAM ane yazavaMtanA paisAno sAhityadarzana

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chUTathI upayoga karatI hatI. ene ramADavo hato lalitane. ne nAsI javuM hatuM candravadana sAthe; paNa candravadana pAse TikiTanA paisA nahotA, eTale UpaDI gaI vazavaMta sAthe ! nalinakAnta prabhutA : pachI ? pachI ? bipinacaMdra : pachI Indora jaIne lojamAM baMne rahyAM. ane jevA yazavaMte amitAne pAMcaso rUpiyA sAcavavA ApyA ke tarata yazavaMtane sUto mUkIne pobArA gaNI gaI.. tyiAM ghaMTaDI vAge che. badhAM zAMta thaI jAya che.] nalinakAnta : dhImethI) mohanalAla lAge che. bipinacaMdra : eTalA mATe ja AvyA haze. nalinakAnta : koNa ughADe che ? mAre to emanuM moM paNa nathI jovuM. prabhutA : ApaNe nathI ughADavuM. thAkIne jaze emanI meLe. bipinacaMdra : ughADavA to huM jAuM, paNa mane joIne bhAgI ja jaze. enA karatAM, jo prabhutA, tuM jANe gharamAM ekalI che e rIte jaIne ughADa. ame bAjunA rUmamAM jaIe chIe. tAre ughADIne moDhe hAtha DhAMkIne besI javuM, ne e kai bolavA mAMDaze eTale ame AvIzuM. nalinakAnta : hA, e AIDiyA sarasa che. [badhA tema kare che.] mohanalAla : pravezIne prabhutA beTA! nalinakAna nathI ? raDe che zuM kAma ? mane paNa keTaluM duHkha thAya che? jo tAre khAtara to yazavaMtane keTaluM samajAvyo ! raDa nahi beTA. jo, have yazavaMta pAcho Ave tyiAM nalinakAna, kaMcana ane bipinacaMdra praveza kare che.] bipinacaMdra : kema cho mohanalAla zeTha! mohanalAla : (sAzaya) tame ahIM ! bipinacaMdra : hA, paNa tame ahIM zA mATe? mohanalAla : (samajI jAya che) nA, nA, huM to amasto ja. chokarAMnI jarA dekharekha mATe. prabhutA : moTA dekharekha rAkhanAra na joyA hoya to ! tamAro badho bhaMDo zyAma raMga samIpe 41 !

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phUTI gayo che. have amArA leNA rUpiyA pacAvIne beThA cho te.... nalinakAnta : e paNa have okAvIzuM. bipinacaMdra : ne te paNa kAyadesara, nalinakAnta. mArA sauthI pahelAM klAyanTa tame, ne sauthI pahelo kesa tamAro. emanI pAsenA leNAnA evA purAvAnI mane mAhitI che, ke jeno e nAza nathI karI zakyA. mohanalAla mUgA mUgA cAlatI ja pakaDe che. badhA hase che.] prabhutA : ThIka saMbhaLAvI dIdhuM moDha. bipinacaMdra : have juo, oNphisano vahIvaTa paNa tame ja hAthamAM lo. nalinakAnta : have to tamArI salAha pramANe ja badhuM karavuM che. prabhutA : bipinacaMdra, tamArI bIjI badhI zarato kabUla, paNa tamane cIDavavA mATenuM gIta to tamAre mane gAvA devuM ja paDaze. kaMcana : (nalinakAntane) ane huM paNa tamane cIDavavA mATe e ja gIta gAIza. bipinacaMdranalinakAntaH (hasIne) cIDavajo, jeTaluM cIDavavuM hoya teTaluM. prabhutA-kaMcana : cIDavIzuM, cIDavIzuM; eka vAra nahi paNa hajAra vAra. [baMne gAya che: zyAma raMga samIpe na jAvuM, mAre Aja thakI...]. 4ra ka sAhityadarzana

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DaoN. ramaNalAla cI. zAha jIvanajharamara 1926 pitAzrI zrI cImanalAla amRtalAla zAha, mAtA revAbahena cImanalAla zAha. janmasthaLa - pAdarA, vaDodarA jillo. janma - trIjI Disembara 1926, kArataka vada 13, 1983 1927 tAlukAnA mukhya gAma pAdarAnA taMdurasta bALakanI spardhAmAM prathama AvavA badala InAma maLyuM. 1930 pAdarAnI zALAmAM bhaNavAnI zarUAta. 1937 pAdarAthI muMbaI rahevA AvyA. pharAmajI skUlamAM bhaNavAnuM cAlu karyuM. 1941 muMbaImAM bAbu pannAlAla hAIskulamAM dAkhala thayA. 1942 citrakalAmAM rasa - rAhulakara saranA vargo bharI saphaLatA meLavI. sarakAra dvArA levAtI elImenTarI ane InTaramiDiyeTa banne parIkSAmAM prathama naMbare AvI pAritoSiko meLavyAM. 1943 rASTrIya caLavaLane lagatI patrikAo chUpI rIte ghare ghare pahoMcADavAnA kAryamAM bhAga lIdho. 1944 meTrikanI parIkSAmAM pharsTaklAsa maLyo. 1945 gaNita ane vijJAnamAM ghaNA sArA mArkasa chatAM senTa jheviyarsa kaoNlejamAM ArTsamAM eDamizana meLavyuM svapna sArA lekhaka thavAnuM. gharachoDI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayanI hosTelamAM rahevA gayA. 1946 mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayamAM nibaMdhalekhana, vaphtatvaspardhA, nATakalekhana ane abhinayamAM bhAga laI saphaLatA prApta karI. 1947 inTara ArTsamAM pharsTa klAsa. bI.e.mAM gujarAtI ane saMskRtanA viSayo DaoN. ramaNalAla cI. zAha jIvanajharamara 43

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lIdhA. 1948 bI.e.mAM gujarAtI ane saMskRtamAM pharsTa klAsa, gujarAtI viSayamAM prathama AvyA. 48-49 senTa jheviyarsa kaoNlejamAM phelo tarIke nimaNUka. 48-49 pATaNa jaina hosTelamAM rahevA gayA. 1949 ema.e. gujarAtI viSaya sAthe abhyAsa cAluM "sAMjavartamAna patramAM patrakAra tarIke kAma karyuM. 1950 M.A.mAM yunivarsiTInI parIkSAmAM First Class First AvyA. muMbaI yunivarsiTImAM baLavaMtarAya kalyANarAma ThAkora golDa meDala, kezavalAla harSadarAya dhruva pAritoSika ane jheviyarsa kolejamAM ema.e. ane ema.esasI - sarvamAM prathama AvavA badala senTa phrAnsisa meDala maLyo. 1951 jUnamAM senTa jheviyarsamAM gujarAtInA adhyApaka tarIke joDAyA. ena.sI.sI. (nezanala keDeTa kora)mAM vidyArthIone lazkarI tAlIma ApavA ophisara tarIke joDAyA. ena.sI.sI.mAM 1951thI 54 sekanDa lephTananTa, 1954thI 57 lephTananTa, 1958thI 65 kepTana, 1965thI 70 mera ane chelle beTeliyana kamAnDanTa ane kempa kamAnDanTa tarIkenI javAbadArI saMbhALI. manISA (soneTa saMpAdana, zrI mInu desAI sAthe - 1951 195ra dhrAMgadhrA nivAsI dIpacaMda tribhovanadAsa zAhanI putrI ane muMbaInI sophAyA kaoNlejanA gujarAtInA adhyApikA tArAbahena zAha sAthe vevizALa thayuM. zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMghanA membara banyA. 1953 tA. 18 phebruArI 1953, phAgaNa suda pAMcama tArAbahena sAthe lagna. zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMghanI kArobArImAM sabhya. gujarAtI sAhityanuM rekhAdarzana' pro. manasukhalAla jhaverI sAthe 1953. 1954 ena.sI.sI.nA oNphisara sAthe himAlayamAM, keTaleka sthaLe pagapALA pravAsa karyo. badarInAtha - kedAranAthanAM darzana. 1955 1955thI 26 jUna eka varSa mATe amadAvAdanI jheviyarsa kaoNleja zarU karavA gujarAtInA adhyApaka tarIke ane ena.sI.sI.nA jophisara tarIke muMbaInI jheviyarsa kaoNleje mokalyA. 'evaresTanuM ArohaNa pustaka pragaTa thayuM. (evaresTanAM romAMcaka sAhasonI aitihAsika kathA) 1955. 1956 pa6 jUnathI muMbaI AvI gayA. 'naLa damayaMtInI kathAno vikAsa' viSaya ja ka sAhityadarzana

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para pro. manasukhalAla jhaverInA mArgadarzana sAthe kAma zarU gulAmono muktidAtA pramukha abrAhama liMkananI jIvanakathA) 1957 (1) samayasuMdarakRta 'naLadamayaMtI rAsa' pragaTa. pro. manasukhalAla jhaverI sAthe gujarAtI sAhityanuM rekhAdarzana pragaTa. (2) "zreSTha nibaMdhikAo' 1957 saMpAdana cInu desAI sAthe. 1958 tA. 20 navembara 1958 kArataka suda dasamanA dine putrI zailajAno janma. 1959 muMbaI - senTa jheviyarsa kaoNlejamAM gujarAtI vibhAganA adhyakSa thayA. TI.jI. zAha ane caMcaLabahenanA jIvana para AdhArita jIvana darpaNa' pragaTa thayuM. 1960 tA. 3 navembara 1960, kArataka suda pUrNimAne divase putra amitAbhano janma. pIeca.DI.nI thIsisa taiyAra karI yuni.ne mokalI pIeca.DI.nI DigrI maLI. zrI bacubhAI rAvatanI preraNAthI 'uttaradhruvanI zodha sapharanI lekhamALA "kumAra" mAsikamAM zarU. 1961 upAdhyAya yazovijayajIkRta "jiMbusvAmI rAsa' pragaTa thayo. 1962 "gujarAtI sAhitya sabhA' taraphathI "1962nuM graMthastha vAMmaya - pustakonuM avalokana zarU. 1963 21, devaprakAza, copATI rahevA gayA. muMbaI yunivarsiTImAM pIeca.DI.nA mArgadarzaka nimAyA. pAMca vidyArthIo mArgadarzana mATe rajisTara thayA. adhyAtma prasAraka maMDaLanA maMtrI banyA. sarayUbahena mahetA Ph.d. mATe rajisTara thayA. "sarasvatIcaMdra bhAga-1 pahelA bhAgano pAThya saMkSepa pragaTa thayo. 196 5 kuvalayamALA' udyotanasUrikRta prAkRta mahAkathAnuM saMzodhana saMpAdana 1965 196 6 196 ranuM graMthAlaya vAMmaya pragaTa thayuM. kumAra mAsikamAM lakhAyelI ekAMkI "yAma raMga samIpe' - nATikA saMgraha pragaTa thayo. 1967 jApAnano pravAsa. zrI yehAna nubhATAnA AmaMtraNathI boddhadharmanI saMsthA mATe vyAkhyAno ApavA gayA. 1968 jApAna, amerikA ane malayeziyAno pravAsa. 1970 senTa jheviyarsa kaoNlejamAMthI chUTa thayA. muMbaI yunivarsiTImAM gujarAtI vibhAganA adhyakSa tarIke joDAyA. 1970mAM madrAsamAM, madrAsa yunivarsiTImAM tAmila mahAgraMtha "tirukurala' vize aMgrejImAM vyAkhyAna Do. ramaNalAla cI. zAha jIvanajharamara 45

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ApyuM. seminAramAM bhAga lIdho. "akhila bhAratIya tirukurala saMzodhana kendranI sthApanA thaI. ramaNabhAInI upAdhyakSa tarIke varaNI thaI. yuropa ane siMgAporano pravAsa. 1971 AcArya buddhisAgarajIe sthApelI saMsthA adhyAtmaprasAdaka maMDaLanA pramukha tarIke varaNI. 1972 zrI muMbaI jena yuvaka saMgha saMcAlita paryuSaNa vyAkhyAnamALAnA pramukha tarIke pasaMdagI. "evaresTanA ArohaNa"nI bIjI AvRtti pragaTa thaI. 1973 14mI Disembara - tArAbahenanA pitAzrI zrI dIpacaMdabhAI tri. zAhano svargavAsa. 1974 bhagavAna mahAvIranA pacIsomA nivaNa mahotsava nimitte pUrva AphrikAmAM keniyAmAM mombAsA saMghanA AmaMtraNathI vyAkhyAno ApavA tArAbahena sAthe gayA. keniyAnAM mahattvanAM zahero nAyarobI, thIma, elDIreTa, kisamu uparAMta TAnjhAniyAmAM dAresalAma, TAMgA vagere sthaLe jainadharma, bhagavAna mahAvIra para vaktavyo ApyAM. Jainism and Shraman Bhagawan Mahavir pustaka pragaTa thayuM. IthopiyAno pravAsa 1975 pU. mAtuzrI revAbAno svargavAsa. poSa suda 7 vi. saM. 2021. 1976 zrI laMkAno pravAsa. "narasiMha pUrvenuM sAhitya' - jAnyuArI 1976 jenadharma - bIjI AvRtti - paricaya TrasTa jainadharma - marAThI AvRtti - paricaya TrasTa 1977 ci. zelajA InTara AnI kSAmAM muMbaI yunivarsiTImAM pahelI AvI. mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya yojita jaina sAhitya samAroha pahelo ke. kA. zAstrInA pramukhapade muMbaImAM yojAyo, Ayojana ramaNabhAIe karyuM. osTreliyA - sIDanImAM P.E.N.nI inTaranezanala konpharansamAM bhAratanA pratinidhi tarIke gayA. vaktavya ApyuM. hoMgakoMga, sIMgApora gayA. U.K.mAM caMdariyA phAunDezananA adhyakSa zrI devacaMdabhAI caMdariyAnA AmaMtraNathI yukemAM jainadharma ane gujarAtI sAhitya para vyAkhyAno ApavA tArAbahena ane putrI zailajA sAthe be mahinA mATe gayA. U.K. uparAMta yuropamAM jude jude sthaLe vyAkhyAno ApyAM. sAthe sAthe phrAnsa, ITalI, osTriyA, nedharalenDa, beljima, sviTjharlenDa vagere dezono pravAsa karyo. 446 : sAhityadarzana

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jainadharma - hiMdI AvRtti paricaya phasTa bahAra paDI. 1978 osTreliyA, nyujhIlenDa, phIjI, hoMgakoMga, inDoneziyA, philipAinsa, sAutha koriyA, thAIlenDano pravAsa. 1979 Buddhism An Introduction, "samayasuMdara', paDIlehA', "ApaNAM phAgukAvyo' pragaTa thayAM jaina sAhitya samAroha - bIjo mahuvAmAM zrI bhAyANIsAhebanA pramukhapade mahuvAmAM thayo. sAutha amerikA - brAjhIlamAM "rIo DI jAneromAM bharAyelI P.E.N. International ConferencemAM bhAratanA pratinidhi tarIke patipatnI bannee bhAga lIdho. temAM vaktavya ApyuM. brAjhilanAM judAM judAM zahero - brAjhiliyA, sAvo-pAulo uparAMta TrInIDADa, panAmA, kurAsAva, ArjenTInA, peru vagere joyA perumAM macchupIcchamAM InkA saMskRtinA avazeSo joyAM pAchA pharatA zikAgo, nyUyorka vagere amerikAmAM keTaleka sthaLe gayA. 1980 raziyAno pravAsa : 1. samayasuMdarakRta "thAvasyA sutariSi copAI 2. nilavavAda 3. naLadamayaMtInI kathAno vikAsa 4. naLadamayaMtI prabaMdha (guNavinayakRta) 5. hemacaMdrAcArya 6. uttaradhruvanI zodhasaphara - pragaTa thayAM. jaina sAhitya samAroha (3) suratamAM thayo. 1981 copATI - devaprakAzanuM nivAsa sthaLa choDI 21-22, rekhA naM. 1mAM rahevA gayA. muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMghanA mukhapatra prabuddhajIvananA sahataMtrI banyA. ci. zailajA M.A. With PsychologymAM first Class first AvI. muMbaI yuni.no K. T. Telang suvarNacaMdraka maLyo. zrI zaileza mahAdeviyA sAthe bhArata, tibeTa, nepALanI sarahada para 6500 phUTanI UMcAIe nArAyaNa svAmIe sthApelo nArAyaNa Azrama jovA gayA. tyAM svAmI tadrupAnaMdajInI mulAkAta thaI. AlmoDA najIka khAlI esTeTamAM navInabhAI ane prasannAbahena sAthe rahyAM ane kausInI jovA gayAM. RSivardhanakRta "nalarAya davadaMtI caritra' phebru. 81mAM pragaTa. 1982 zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMghanA pramukha zrI cImanalAla cakubhAI zAhano svargavAsa thatAM zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMghanA pramukha ane prabuddhajIvananA taMtrI tarIke sarvAnumate pasaMdagI thaI. putrI. ci. zailajAnA bhAvanagara DaoN. ramaNalAla cI. zAha jIvanajharamara 47

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nivAsI. muluMDamAM rahetA zrI ramaNIkabhAI jhaveracaMda zAhanA putra cetanabhAI sAthe tA. 21 Disembara 1982nA dine lagna thayAM. sonagaDhamAM jainasAhitya samArohanuM Ayojana 'kritikA' pustaka pragaTa thayuM. 1983 suratamAM jaina sAhitya samAroha pravAsa pustaka pAsaporTanI pAMkhe - bhAga-1 mArca 83mAM AvRtti 2 guNa vinayakRta "dhanAzAlibhadra copAI - Dise. 83mAM pragaTa. 1984 jaina sAhityanA lekhana, saMzodhana ane saMpAdana mATe bhAvanagaranI saMsthA taraphathI upAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajI suvarNacaMdraka zrI zreNikabhAInA haste amadAvAdamAM enAyata thayo. umAzaMkarabhAInA pramukhasthAne... umAzaMkarabhAIe vaktavya ApyuM. - jaina sAhitya samAroha - kaccha - mAMDavImAM thayo. - be laghu rAkRtio, pradeze jayavijayanA" - pAsaporTanI pAMkhe - bhAga 1 AvRtti 3jI - dohitrI gArgIno janma 8 sapTembara 1984mAM thayo. - yu.ke.mAM lesTaramAM tyAMnA jaina saMghe, ane DaoN. naTubhAI zAhe navA jaina maMdiranA nirmANa mATe onararI DirekTara tarIke AmaMtraNa ApyuM. tyAM maMdiranuM kAma saMbhALyuM. patipatnI bannee yu.ke.nA judAjudA sthaLe jainadharma para vyAkhyAno ApyAM. 1985 6ThTho jaina sAhitya samAroha - khaMbhAtamAM thayo. jinatattva bhAga-1, jaina sAhitya samAroha-guccha 1 pragaTa thayo. 1986 jaina sAhitya samAroha - pAlaNapuramAM thayo. moreziyasano pravAsa. 1987 caMdariyA phAunDezananA AmaMtraNathI amerikA ane keneDAmAM ramaNabhAI ane tArAbahene jainadharma para lekTara ApyAM. - keneDAmAM vejiTeriyana konpharansamAM vaktavya ApavAnuM AmaMtraNa - jainadharma ane zAkAhAra para vaktavya ApyuM. - bauddhadharma mATe puchAyelA savAlonA javAba ApyA. jaina sAhitya samAroha-guccha bIjo pragaTa thayo. jaina sAhitya samAroha - sameta zikharamAM yojAyo dohitra kaivalyano janma 8 phebruArI 1987nA dine. 1988 muMbaI yunivarsiTInA gujarAtI vibhAganA adhyakSanA padethI be varSa pahelA chUTA thayA. putra amitAbhanA jAmanagaranivAsI zrI nagInabhAI padamazI zeThanI putrI surabhi sAthe tA. 21 jAnyuArI 1988nA dine lagna thayAM. 48 ke sAhityadarzana

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- soviyeTa yuniyanano pravAsa - olimpiksa jovA mATe karyo. 10mo sAhitya samAroha * boMtera jinAlaya - kacchamAM karyo. mohanalAlajI mahArAja pustikA eprila 1988, jinatattva bhAga-2 phebruArI 88, 'upAdhyAya yazovijayajI' julAI, prabhAvaka sthaviro' bhAga- ...julAI 89, yu.ke.mAM lesTaramAM nirmANa thayelA jaina maMdiranI pratiSThAmAM bhAga lIdho. yu.ke.mAM keTalAka jaina senTaranI mulAkAta. 1989 sAhitya samAroha cArUpa tIrthamAM pU. munizrI jaMbuvijyajI (pATaNa pAse) mahArAjanI prabhAvaka sthaviro, bhAga. jinatattva sAMprata sahaciMtana bhAga 1 Dise. 89 bhAga 2, bhAga 3. 1990 putra amitAbhane kornela yunivarsiTI taraphathI Ph.D.nI DigrI maLI. tArAbahenanAM mAtuzrI dhIrajabahena dIpacaMda zAhano trIjI jUna 1990 svargavAsa thayo. vaMdanIya hRdayasparza bhAga-1, mArca-90, 'zeTha motIzA' pragaTa thayA. akhila bhAratIya patrakAra pariSadamAM vaktavya ApyuM dhoLakA. 1991 putra amitAbhane tyAM amerikAmAM bosTana pAse enTana banne jaNa gayAM. tA. 17 mArca 1991, caitra suda 1 guDIpaDavAne dine pautra ci. arcitano janma thayo. zeTha motIzA - bIjI AvRtti-1991. tAo darzana-91, prabhAvaka sthaviro-91mAM pragaTa thayA. 1992 amerikA, yu.ke ane AIsalenDano pravAsa. abhayabhAI ane maMgaLAbahena sAthe AIsalenDano pravAsa enTanamAM pautrI acirAno 27 navembara, 92nA roja janma thayo. jinatattva -bhAga-5, vaMdanIya hRdayasparzI bhAga2, abhiciMtanA - jAnyu. 92, zeTha motIzA be22thI brigeDiyara jAnyu. 92, prabhAvaka sthaviro oNkTo. 92 pragaTa thayA. 1993 'tiviheNa vaMdAmi' mArca-93, 'rANakapura tIrtha' jAnyu. prabhAvaka sthaviro - oNgasTa 93. sAMprata sahaciMtana - bhAga-4 'jinatattva' bhAga-1 bIjI AvRtti. 1994 12 jaina sAhitya samAroha - botera jinAlaya-kaccha 'sAMprata sahaciMtana bhAga-5 jUna 94 phebruArI 94mAM zrI rAkezabhAI jhaverIe zrI Atmasiddhi zAstra' para thIsisa mahAnibaMdha DaoN. ramaNabhAI zAhanA mArgadarzana sAthe lakhavA muMbaI yuni.mAM rajisTara karAvyuM. -- DaoN. ramaNalAla cI. zAha jIvanajharamara 449 -

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1995 13mo jene sAhitya samAroha - zaMkhezvaramAM vijayazekharaskRta naLadamayaMtI prabaMdha - phebru. 95 Jin-Vachan phebruArI 95, bIjI AvRtti oNgasTa 95 sAMprata sahaciMtana phebruArI 95. 1996 pitAzrI cImanabhAIno 100mA varSamAM praveza 14mo jainasAhitya samAroha, godharA-kaccha kophyusiyasano nItidharma ogasTa 96 jinatattva, bhAga-6 phebruArI 96 1997 15mo jaina sAhitya samAroha-ijipta, grIsa ane turkastAnano pravAsa sAMprata sahaciMtana bhAga-9 adhyAtmasAra bhAga-1 - 97. osTreliyA-97 prabhAvaka sthaviro jUna-97 2-12-98nA divase konvokezana - rAkezabhAIne Ph.D.nI DIgrI maLI. 1998 norve svIDanano pravAsa. abhayabhAI mahetA sAthe pAsaporTanI pAMkhe bhAga 1nI trIjI AvRtti - mArca 98, pAsaporTanI pAMkhe uttarAlekhana (bhAga 2) okTo. 98. sAMprata sahaciMtana bhAga-10 1999 yunAITeDa Araba emireTasa' dubAI, maskata, zAhajahA abudhAbIno pravAsa ramaNabhAI, tArAbahena, yuvaka saMghanA pramukha rasikalAla laheracaMda sAthe karyo. jaina sozyala grupa" uparAMta judA judA ghare - khAsa karIne rajanIbhAI zAha, bharatabhAI zAha, navInabhAI zAha vagerene tyAM AmaMtrito vacce jainadharma ane sAhitya para pravacano. maskatamAM dilIpabhAI zAha taraphathI vizeSa sabhAmAM ramaNIkalAla zAhanA pramukhasthAne gUrjara phAgusAhitya-99 sAMprata sahaciMtana' bhAga-11 me. 99 jaina lagnavidhi bIjI AvRtti-99 osTreliyA - nyujhIlenDano pravAsa. pU. rAkezabhAI sAthe siMgApora, oNsTreliyA ane nyujhIlenDano pravAsa, siMgAporanA jaina saMghanA AmaMtraNathI zrotAjano samakSa tArAbahena ane ramaNabhAI bannee vaktavyo ApyAM. 21 sapTembara 20OO, bhAdaravA vada 8nA dine pitAzrI pU. cImanalAla amRtalAla zAhano 104 varSanI vaye svargavAsa. Comfort Trave, mahAsukhabhAI TuramAM sAutha AphrikAno pravAsa eka divasa nAyarobI gayA. vIprabhunAM vacano bhAga-1 jainadharma - mArca, sAMprata sahaciMtana bhAga-12, sapTembara adhyAtmasAra bhAga-2 Disembara, vaMdanIya hRdayasparza jUna. 2000 45 sAhityadarzana

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2001 jaina sAhitya samAroha - mallinAtha, tIrtha, dahANu vIprabhunAM vacano bhAga-1 sAMprata sahaciMtana bhAga-13 adhyAtmasAra bhAga-3 navembara-2001 AcArya vijayazIlacakrasUri Ayojita 'avadhUta AnaMdaghananI AdhyAtmika zabdacetanA' mere ghaTa gyAna bhAnuM bhayo bhora. - saMgoSThi - suratamAM adhyakSa ane mukhya vaktA tarIke bhAga lIdho - 13 oNkTo. 2001. 2002 moTA bhAI jayaMtIbhAInuM 80muM ane ramaNabhAInuM 75muM varSa. zailajAe muluMDamAM - golDana svAnamAM kuTuMba-milana yojyu. ramaNabhAI tArAbahenanA lagnanuM 50muM varSa - mitra mahendrabhAI khUmacaMda ane puSpAbahena sAthe nAgezvara tIrthayAtrA karI. madhyapradezanA mahattvanAM digaMbara tIrthonI yAtrA karI. mahendrabhAI ane AzAbahene 50 varSanI khuzAlImAM zaMkhezvaratIrthamAM vikalAMgone sAdhana ApavAno kempa karyo. jinatattva bhAga-7, oNgasTa 2002, prabhAvaka sthaviro - bhA. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 eka pustakarUpe chApyA. jinatattva - 1thI 5 bhAga sAthe chApyA. okTo. 2002 2003 jAnyuArImAM jainasAhitya ane dharmanA lekhana, saMzodhana, saMpAdana mATe zrI bAbulAla amRtalAla ceriTebala TrasTa taraphathI "samadarzI haribhadrasUri suvarNacaMdraka zrI zreNikabhAI kasturabhAI zeThanA pramukhapade ane zrI bhoLAbhAI paTelanA haste, amadAvAdamAM.... haoNlamAM apAyo. 17mo jena sAhitya samAroha, lAyajA kacchamAM yojAyo. paMDita sukhalAlajI Disembara-3 sAMprata sahaciMtana' bhAga-14 oNkTo. adhyAtmasAra bhAga 3 nave. 204 okTobara 1lIe 21-22, rekhA-1 vAlakezvaranA gharethI 301, trideva, muluMDa vesTamAM rahevA AvyA. adhyAtmasAra saMpUrNa (traNa bhAga bhegA chapAyA 2004) sAMprata sahaciMtana 15 okTo. 204 jinatattva bhAga8 me. 204 jainadharmanA puSpaguccha, bipinacaMdra kApaDiyA sAthe nave. 204 2005 upAdhyAya yazovijayajIkata jJAnasAra - saMpUrNanuM vimocana 4 mArca 2005. sAyalA AzramamAM pU. AtmAnaMdajInA haste thayuM. vaMdanIya hRdayasparza' sAthe chapAyelA pAMca bhAgamAM eka bhAga umerIne chapAvyo. ramaNabhAIne nabaLAI vadhatI gaI. 22mIe rAtre bokahArTa DaoN. ramaNalAla cI. zAha jIvanajharamara 451

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haoNspiTala, muluMDamAM dAkhala karyA. 26mIe tabiyata sudharI 24mIe brAhma muhUrte samAdhimRtyu thayuM. amitAbha 24mIe rAtre Avyo. 25mIe agnisaMskAra karyA. ra7mIe pATakara holamAM prArthanAsabhA yojAI. temanI pAvana smRtimAM jaina yuvaka saMghe zrI dhanavaMtabhAInA taMtrIpade navembarano prabuddhajIvanano aMka zraddhAMjaliaMka tarIke ane jAnyuArI 2006no. daLadAra aMka smaraNAMjali aMka tarIke prasiddha karyA. 45ra : sAhityadarzana

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Do. ramaNalAla cI. zAhanAM pustako ekAMkIsaMgraha pAsaporTanI pAMkhe - uttarAlekhana pAsaporTanI pAMkhe - bhAga trIjo zyAma raMga samIpe jIvanacaritra-rekhAcitra-saMsmaraNa nibaMdha gulAmono muktidAtA | sAMprata sahaciMtana, bhAga 1thI 15 hemacaMdrAcArya abhiciMtanA vaMdanIya hRdayasparza sAhityavivecana prabhAvakasthaviro, bhAga 1thI 6 gujarAtI sAhitya rekhAdarzana (anya sAthe) tiviheNa vaMdAmi narasiMha pUrvenuM gujarAtI sAhitya upAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajI | baMgAku-zumi zrI mohanalAlajI mahArAja kritikA zeTha motIzAha naLa-damayaMtInI kathAno vikAsa berarathI brigeDiyara samayasuMdara paMDita sukhalAlajI paDilehA pravAsa-zodha-saphara 1962nuM graMthastha vADmaya evaresTanuM ArohaNa gUrjara phAgusAhitya rANakapura tIrtha saMzodhana-saMpAdana uttaradhruvanI zodha-saphara nala-devadatI rAsa (samayasuMdarakRta) nyUjhIlenDa jaMbusvAmI rAsa yazoviyakRta) pradeze jaya-vijayanA kuvalayamALA (uddadyotanasUrikRta) osTreliyA mRgAvatIcaritra copAI (samayasuMdarakRta) pAsaporTanI pAMkhe naladavadaMtI prabaMdha (guNavinayakRta) DaoN. ramaNalAla cI. zAhanAM pustako 453

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thAvasyAsuta riSi copAI (samayasuMdarata)| anuvAda navarAya-davadaMtI caritra rAhula sAMkRtyAyana (RSivardhanasUrikRta) (sAhitya akAdamI, dilhI) dhanA-zAlibhadra copAI guNavinayakRta) bhAratanI rASTrIya saMskRti be laghu rAsakRtio (nezanala buka TrasTa, dilhI) (jJAnasAgarakRti ane kSamAkalyANakRta)| saMpAdana (anya sAthe) nala-davadaMtI prabaMdha vijayazekharakRta) manISA dharma-tattvajJAna ciMtanayAtrA jainadharma chaThThI AvRtti) avagAhana jainadharma bharAThI AvRtti) samayaciMtana jJAnasAra mahattarA zrI mRgAvatIzrIjI jinatattva, bhAga 1thI 8 jaina sAhitya samAroha, guccha 1-2-3-4 kayUziyasano nItidharma zrI vijayAnaMdasUri svargArohaNa vIra prabhunAM vacano bhAga 1-2 zatAbdI graMtha Buddhism - An Introduction stad-522 Elau diduce il Shraman Bhagwan Mahavir zreSTha nibaMdhikAo & Jainism nIrAjanA jainadharma (hindI AvRtti) jIvanadarpaNa bauddhadharma tattvavicAra ane abhivaMdanA nihunavavAda zabdaloka tAo darzana akSarA adhyAtmasAra, bhAga 1-2-3 kavitAlaharI adhyAtmasAra saMpUrNa) prakIrNa saMkSepa ena. sI. sI. sarasvatIcaMdra, bhAga 1 pAThyasaMkSepa) jaina lagnavidhi 454 sAhityadarzana

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WII DUMBAI JAIN YUVAK SANGH SHRI CHIMANLAL CHAKUEHN SHER MEMORIAL SPRING LECTURES samagra pazu? mI) CHARLES vIra navidhAlaya Taka mahotasava para ucation Integration For morgenal Use Only

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DaoN. prasAda brahmabhaTTa DaoN. prasAda brahmabhaTTa (janma 8-1019 5 1) atyAre gu ja rAta yunivarsiTInI e keDemika sTApha kaoNlejanA niyAmaka che. agAu temaNe bAlAsinora tathA iDaranI kolejomAM adhyApana kArya karyuM hatuM. ane 1991thI 2005 sudhI bhASA sAhitya bhavana, gujarAta yunivarsiTImAM rIDara ane prophesara tarIke sevAo ApI hatI. snAtaka, anusnAtaka kakSAe prathama vargamAM prathama AvI gujarAta yuni.nA suvarNacaMdrako meLavyA pachI temaNe 'rAjendra niraMjana yuganI kavitA' para zodhanibaMdha lakhI pIeca.DI.nI padavI prApta karI che. vivecana, jIvanacaritra, navalakathA vagere svarUpomAM temanAM saMkhyAbaMdha pustako pragaTa thayAM che. temaNe baMgALImAMthI daseka pustako anUdita karyA che ane sAteka saMdarbhagraMtho ane vIseka saMpAdano paNa karyA che. temanAM pustakonI saMkhyA 1OOnA AMkane AMbI gaI che. | DaoN. brahmabhaTTane aneka puraskAro prApta thayA che jemAMthI keTalAka nIce mujaba che : 1990nA zreSTha vivecanagraMtha tarIke 'samIkSAsetu'ne gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada taraphathI ramaNalAla jozI pAritoSika, saradAra paTela yuni. taraphathI 1992nA zreSTha saMzodhanalekha mATe hariOM evaoNrDa, sAhitya akAdamI navI dilhI taraphathI kamala dAsanI baMgALI navalakathA "amRtasya putrI 'nA gujarAtI anuvAda mATe 1997nuM zreSTha anuvAda mATenuM pAritoSika, 'saradAra prasaMgaparAga' mATe 20OOnA zreSTha caritranuM gujarAta sAhitya akAdamInuM prathama pAritoSika vagere. Forrivate & Personal Use Only Jain Education intende

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ramaNabhAinI kalA racanA (1941)